gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Changes in Cannabinoid Receptor Subtype 1 Activity and Interaction with Metabotropic Glutamate Subtype 5 Receptors in the Periaqueductal Gray- Rostral Ventromedial Medulla Pathway in a Rodent Neuropathic Pain Model (2012)

This study analyzed the effect of intra-ventrolateral periaqueductal grey (VL PAG) cannabinoid receptor (CB) stimulation on pain responses and rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) neural activity in the chronic constriction injury (CCI) model of neuropathic pain in rats. Interaction between CB1 and metabotropic glutamate 1 and 5 (mGlu(1)/mGlu(5)) receptors was also investigated together with the expression of the CB1 receptor associated Gαi3 and cannabinoid receptor interacting 1a (CRIP 1a) proteins and the endocannabinoid synthesising and hydrolysing enzymes. In rats not subjected to CCI-induced pain, intra-VL PAG (R)-(+)-[2,3-dihydro-5-methyl-3-(4-morpholinylmethyl) pyrrolo[1,2,3-de]-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl]-1-naphthalenylmethanone mesylate (WIN 55,212-2) (2-4-8 nmol), a CB receptor agonist, increased the tail flick latency and changed the ongoing activity of RVM OFF and the tail flick-related activity of the ON and OFF cells, accordingly. These effects were prevented by SR141716A and MPEP, selective CB(1) and mGlu(5) receptor antagonists, respectively, though not by CPCCOEt, a selective mGlu(1) receptor antagonist. A higher dose up to 16 nmol of WIN 55,212-2 was necessary to increase tail flick latency and change ON and OFF cell activity in CCI rats. Consistently, CCI rats showed a decrease in the expression of CB(1) receptors, NAPE-PLD, Gαi3 and CRIP 1a proteins;the expression of diacylglycerol lipase A (DAGLA) was increased while fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL) did not change. As in control rats, MPEP and SR141716A also blocked WIN 55,212-2- induced effects in CCI rats. These data demonstrate a down regulation of the endocannabinoid system and a functional interaction between mGlu(5) and CB(1) receptors for cannabinoid-mediated effect in the PAG-RVM pain circuitry in neuropathic pain inflicted rats.
Multiple objective APC application for an oxide CMP process in a high volume production environment (2002)

Presents three independent run-to-run APC controllers for the chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP). The controllers are applied to oxide polish processes in AMD's Fab30 to improve (a) the lot-to-lot variation, (b) to reduce the wafer-to-wafer variation and (c) to increase the wafer uniformity of the post-polish oxide thickness. Since different products and layers are processed on the same tools a method was introduced to compensate device and layer dependencies. The control algorithms were extended to a bi-layered polish process. Significant improvement was achieved for the individual controllers applied in the high volume production environment of Fab30 under the condition of a permanently changing product mix.
l-Leucine Alters Pancreatic β-Cell Differentiation and Function via the mTor Signaling Pathway (2011)

Leucine (Leu) is an essential branched-chain amino acid, which activates the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. The effect of Leu on cell differentiation during embryonic development is unknown. Here, we show that Leu supplementation during pregnancy significantly increased fetal body weight, caused fetal hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia, and decreased the relative islet area. We also used rat embryonic pancreatic explant culture for elucidating the mechanism of Leu action on β-cell development. We found that in the presence of Leu, differentiation of pancreatic duodenal homeobox-1-positive progenitor cells into neurogenin3-positive endocrine progenitor cells was inefficient and resulted in decreased β-cell formation. Mechanistically, Leu increases the intracellular levels of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α, a repressor of endocrine fate in the pancreas, by activating the mTOR complex 1 signaling pathway. Collectively, our findings indicate that Leu supplementation during pregnancy could potentially increase the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus by inhibiting the differentiation of pancreatic endocrine progenitor cells during a susceptible period of fetal life.
(Invited) Electron Channeling Contrast Imaging: Potential for Future Metrology in Semiconductor Industry (2016)

For future scaling of CMOS technology beyond the 10 nm node it is necessary to integrate high mobility semiconductors including (Si)Ge and III/V compounds on silicon substrates. The lattice mismatch between these materials and the Silicon platform can lead to the formation of defects which will cause a degradation of the final device performance. Therefore, a metrology technique is needed to monitor the presence and density of defects in blanket layer as well as in patterned structures such as fins. There are several techniques for defect metrology including optical methods, X-ray diffraction or transmission electron microscopy, however, expected defect densities (&lt;10 5 cm -2 ) make them ineffective for this task. Electron channeling contrast imaging (ECCI) is scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique used for the visualization and characterization of crystalline defects including dislocations or stacking faults. Distortions of the crystal lattice of a material due to the presence of such defects cause the variation of the backscattered electron intensity allowing for the visualization of the defects. Application of ECCI proved to be a consistent method for assessing the density and Burgers vector of different defect types in various materials with reliability comparable to that of transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Moreover, TEM limitations related to the destructive sample preparation necessity, limited viewed area accessible for each sample and possible difference in the behavior of thin samples compared to bulk ones brings SEM based ECCI as excellent candidate for non-destructive investigation of large sample areas with low defect densities. For such an analysis, areas exceeding 10 5 μm 2 in size need to be examined to ensure proper statistics. Therefore, automated acquisition of a set of tiles that can be stitched into a single image with a resolution allowing for the detection of single threading dislocations is required. Important parameter for high contrast ECCI of crystalline defects is the sample orientation with respect to the electron beam. The sample should be oriented close to the Bragg condition. This is facilitated by the acquisition of Electron Channeling Patterns and simultaneous sample tilting and/or rotation. For the majority of samples based on silicon wafers only require a couple of degrees tilt from the zone axis. Hence, the technique can be applied to 300 mm wafers easily. The presented technique allows the visualizing and analyzing the density and distribution of threading dislocations in blanket SiGe layers of different defect densities, strain relaxed buffers as well as on (Si)Ge and III/V fin structures. Therefore we are able to demonstrate that automated image acquisition of ECCI has big potential as possible metrology tool for future semiconductor devices process.
Sleep spindles predict neural and behavioral changes in motor sequence consolidation (2012)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the predictive function of sleep spindles in motor sequence consolidation. BOLD responses were acquired in 10 young healthy subjects who were trained on an explicitly known 5-item sequence using their left nondominant hand, scanned at 9:00 pm while performing that same task and then were retested and scanned 12 h later after a night of sleep during which polysomnographic measures were recorded. An automatic algorithm was used to detect sleep spindles and to quantify their characteristics (i.e., density, amplitude, and duration). Analyses revealed significant positive correlations between gains in performance and the amplitude of spindles. Moreover, significant increases in BOLD signal were observed in several motor-related areas, most of which were localized in the right hemisphere, particularly in the right cortico-striatal system. Such increases in BOLD signal also correlated positively with the amplitude of spindles at several derivations. Taken together, our results show that sleep spindles predict neural and behavioral changes in overnight motor sequence consolidation.
Functional reconstitution of halorhodopsin. Properties of halorhodopsin-containing proteoliposomes. (1988)

A one-step purification method for halorhodopsin was developed. Functional proteoliposomes were prepared from this preparation using cholate, which is removed by dialysis in the presence of asolectin or the polar halobacterial lipids. Light-induced outward directed transport of chloride by halorhodopsin was followed by measuring passive proton efflux in the presence of uncoupler; initial rates and extents amounted to significant fractions of values obtained for halorhodopsin-containing cell envelope vesicles. The transport activity was much higher when cholate rather than octyl glucoside was used in the reconstitution. Since CD spectra in cholate but not in octyl glucoside showed band-splitting in the visible region, suggestive of exciton interaction between halorhodopsin monomers, the reconstitution may depend on an aggregate state of the halorhodopsin. The rate constants for three thermal steps in the halorhodopsin photocycle were greatly reduced in the detergent-solubilized samples, but they increased in the proteoliposomes to values similar to those for halorhodopsin in cell envelope vesicles. Thus, the reconstitution yields halorhodopsin with both photochemical and transport activities restored. Freeze-fracture electron micrographs of the proteoliposomes showed unilammellar liposomes with numerous particles of 100-150 A diameter at the fracture faces. These should correspond to halorhodopsin aggregates, formed in the bilayer in an apparently concentration-dependent manner.
Automatic Clustering of Flow Cytometry Data with Density-Based Merging (2009)

The ability of flow cytometry to allow fast single cell interrogation of a large number of cells has made this technology ubiquitous and indispensable in the clinical and laboratory setting. A current limit to the potential of this technology is the lack of automated tools for analyzing the resulting data. We describe methodology and software to automatically identify cell populations in flow cytometry data. Our approach advances the paradigm of manually gating sequential two-dimensional projections of the data to a procedure that automatically produces gates based on statistical theory. Our approach is nonparametric and can reproduce nonconvex subpopulations that are known to occur in flow cytometry samples, but which cannot be produced with current parametric model-based approaches. We illustrate the methodology with a sample of mouse spleen and peritoneal cavity cells.
Three new cyclopeptides from Silene szechuensis (1997)

From the roots of silene szechuensis, a folk herb of Yunnan named “wa cao”. three new cyclopeptides silenins A-C were isolated. The structures were elucidated by the spectral and chemical methods as silenin A-cyclo-(Pro-Leu-Ser-Phe-Pro-Tyr-Leu-Val). silenin B-cyclo-(Phe-Leu-Ala-Pro-Leu-Pro-Phe-Pro). silenin C-cyclo-(Tyr-Ala-Phe-Pro-Gly-Phe-Tyr-Pro).
Fluorofluorophores: Fluorescent Fluorous Chemical Tools Spanning the Visible Spectrum (2014)

"Fluoro" refers to both fluorescent and fluorinated compounds. Despite the shared prefix, there are very few fluorescent molecules that are soluble in perfluorinated solvents. This paucity is surprising, given that optical microscopy is a ubiquitous technique throughout the physical sciences and the orthogonality of fluorous materials is a commonly exploited strategy in synthetic chemistry, materials science, and chemical biology. We have addressed this shortage by synthesizing a panel of "fluorofluorophores," fluorescent molecules containing high weight percent fluorine with optical properties spanning the visible spectrum. We demonstrate the utility of these fluorofluorophores by preparing fluorescent perfluorocarbon nanoemulsions.
ChemInform Abstract: Atomically‐Resolved Studies of the Chemistry and Bonding at Silicon Surfaces (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Thermal Simulation Analysis of High Power LED with Varied Heat Sink Fin Design (2014)

In this paper, the heat distribution for single chip high power LED package attached with varied heat sink fin shapes were analyzed through simulation. The main focus of this study was to scrutinize the fluctuation of junction temperature with different shapes of heat sink fin designs. The simulation was done using Ansys version 11. The single chip LED was loaded with input power of 0.5 W and 1 W . Simulation was done at ambient temperature of 25°C under three convection coefficient of 5, 10 and 15 W/m 2.o C respectively. The obtained results showed that the LED package with pyramid pin fin heat sink has demonstrated a better thermal performance compared to the LED package with cylindrical pin fin heat sink.
USE OF SIMULATION TO DETERMINE CASHIER STAFFING POLICY AT A RETAIL CHECKOUT (2002)

Both queuing theory analysis and discrete-event process simulation have often been used, sometimes jointly, to analyze and improve the performance of queuing systems. Queuing theory provides closed-form solutions for various canonical queuing configurations, whereas discrete-event process simulation is highly valuable for analysis of many queuing systems beyond the reach of such closed-form solutions. Since queues are extremely ubiquitous, both queuing theory analysis and discrete-process simulation are frequently and beneficially used by analysts, engineers, and business managers. During the study presented in this paper, discrete-event process simulation was used to analyze, specify, and improve operational policies in a large retail store. Results of the model guided store management toward policies, ultimately proved successful in practice, governing the thresholds of congestion warranting the opening and closing of cash-register lanes during a retailbusiness day.
ПРОМЫШЛЕННЫЕ КАТАЛИЗАТОРЫ ГИДРИРОВАНИЯ ОКСИДОВ УГЛЕРОДА (2014)

The synthesis conditions, reduction and passivation of industrial methanation catalysts are summarized. There are the requirements for the catalysts preparation for usage. The main characteristics of industrial methanation catalysts and operating conditions are considered. It is noted that the domestic catalysts NIAP-07 series (NKM) have a lifetime at least 15 years. It is shown that the developed new high-efficiently nickel catalyst for methanation has a low temperature activation and can be made in the form of rings, extrudates or tablets. Using the ring-shaped catalyst reduces the gas-dynamic resistance of methanator and thereby natural gas is saved in ammonia production units. In the «NIAP-CATALYST» by the industrial production of methanation catalysts is organized. The catalysts NIAP-07 series (NKM) can be used in various technological processes of purification of gases from carbon oxides by their hydrogenation.
Reaction Network for Selective Oxidation of Propene on a (Mo–Pr–Bi)O/SiO2 Catalyst (1988)

Abstract Oxidation of propene on a Mo4Pr0.5Bi0.5Ox/SiO2 catalyst was studied in order to establish the reaction network. In the temperature range 598–653 K the primary reaction products were propenal (main product), acetone, acetaldehyde, and carbon dioxide. Other products (mainly aldehydes and acids) could be classified as secondary reaction products. From studies of oxidation of the primary unstable products and the kinetics of formation of minor primary products it is concluded that both, acetaldehyde and carbon dioxide, are formed through parallel and consecutive reactions. Acetone formation is strongly influenced by reaction temperature, probably due to changes in the active centers of the catalyst.
A Combination of Serum Markers for the Early Detection of Colorectal Cancer (2010)

The performance of the serum marker combination is comparable with FIT. This provides a novel tool for CRC screening to trigger a follow-up colonoscopy for a final diagnosis.
Acoustic shear wave propagation in Paratellurite with reduced spreading (1993)

An original configuration of propagation of acoustic shear wave in Paratellurite slightly off the [110] axis in the (001) plane is described. It allows greatly reducing the spreading of the acoustic energy. The main characteristics of an acousto-optic interaction with this acoustic shear wave are then discussed. An experimental validation based on the schlieren method is finally proposed. It shows the effective reduction of the acoustic beam diffraction of the shear wave propagating with a 5° angular tilt. It is compared with the acoustic diffraction obtained for a shear wave propagating in TeO2 along the [110] axis without angular tilt.
Improving empirical antibiotic treatment using TREAT, a computerized decision support system: cluster randomized trial (2006)

TREAT improved the rate of appropriate empirical antibiotic treatment while reducing antibiotic costs and the use of broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment.
Test for dynamical behavior underlying amplified spontaneous emission fluctuations (1985)

Amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) signals have been analyzed using an algorithm which computes the dimension of the underlying dynamical attractor if it exists. Experimental time series were obtained by digitizing the detected output of a linearly polarized component of a heavily saturated, homogeneously broadened Xe-He (3.51- μ m) discharge tube. The autocorrelation time, τ , of the ASE signal was ~20 ns in accord with Fourier transform limits. The time between two consecutive data points was changed from ~0.02 τ to ~0.5 τ . There was an apparent dimension of low value for short interpoint time intervals which is likely due to a combination of the transient autocorrelations and the limited data record (1023 pts.). For longer time intervals no dimension could be found, a result similar to that for random noise. We conclude that the signals show no evidence of a dynamical cause for the fluctuations or, if it exists, the dimension of the underlying attractor was not discernible (at least greater than eight) even when the analysis was carried out in reconstructed phase spaces of dimensions up to twenty. This type of noisy behavior contrasts sharply with the low dimensional chaotic output of the unstable lasers even though they may have similar power spectra.
Uncertain reasoning and forecasting (1995)

We develop a probability forecasting model through a synthesis of Bayesian belief-network models and classical time-series analysis. By casting Bayesian time-series analyses as temporal belief-network problems, we introduce dependency models that capture richer and more realistic models of dynamic dependencies. With richer models and associated computational methods, we can move beyond the rigid classical assumptions of linearity in the relationships among variables and of normality of their probability distributions. We apply the methodology to the difficult problem of predicting outcome in critically ill patients. The nonlinear, dynamic behavior of the critical-care domain highlights the need for a synthesis of probability forecasting and uncertain reasoning.
Synthesis of nanopowders of Fe-C system via Flow-Levitation method and study of their properties (2019)

Abstract Nanopowders of Fe-C system are synthesized via modified Guen-Miller Flow-Levitation method by in situ reaction of nascent iron nanoparticles with acetylene. Morphology, internal structure, chemical and phase composition are studied by electron microscopy methods, including electron diffraction and element analysis, X-ray phase analysis and CNHS chemical analysis. It is shown that depending on the parameters of the reaction with acetylene (temperature, concentration), particles composition can vary from pure iron with thin carbon coating complex composition consisting predominantly of iron carbide.
A comprehensive aqueous processing of waste LED light bulbs to recover valuable metals and compounds (2023)

White LED bulbs contain significant quantities of Cu, Sn, Pb, Al and appreciable amounts of Ga and traces of In. A feasible recovery of the valuable components – either in metallic or compound forms - has been devised and examined. Leaching the assemblies with 4 M HNO3 at 80 °C could leach Cu, Fe, Pb and Ag, while Al is passivated and Sn precipitates. In this step, the LED beads are detached from the aluminium base plates. The solid residue comprises of practically pure Al plates and Sn(OH)4. Pure Cu hydroxide was recovered by precipitation. The physically liberated solid bodies of the detached LED beads were roasted to convert Ga and In into soluble compounds. While a simple oxidative roasting could assure ∼80% recovery, alkaline fusion with NaOH or roasting with Na2CO3 yielded >90% recoveries. Leaching the roasted material with 1–6 M NaOH could efficiently dissolve Ga, while In was only slightly attacked. However, the major portion of In could be leached by applying as high as 10–11 M NaOH with similar efficiencies. Finally, the extractions of Ga and In were studied by electrowinning from the alkaline solutions yielding 99.99% pure Ga and 99.9% pure In deposits, respectively.
Computation of the S1 ← S0 Vibronic Absorption Spectrum of Formaldehyde by Variational Gaussian Wavepacket and Semiclassical IVR Methods (2018)

The vibronic absorption spectrum of the electric dipole forbidden and vibronically allowed S<sub>1</sub>(<sup>1</sup> A<sub>2</sub>) ← S<sub>0</sub>(<sup>1</sup> A<sub>1</sub>) transition of formaldehyde is calculated by Gaussian wavepacket and semiclassical methods, along with numerically exact reference calculations, using the potential energy surface of Fu, Shepler, and Bowman ( J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 7957). Specifically, the variational multiconfigurational Gaussian (vMCG) approach and the Herman-Kluk semiclassical initial value representation (HK-SCIVR) are compared to assess the accuracy and convergence of these methods, benchmarked against numerically exact time-dependent wavepacket propagation (TDWP) on the reference potential energy surface. The vMCG calculation is shown to converge quite well with about 100 variationally evolving Gaussian functions and using a local cubic expansion instead of the conventional local harmonic approximation. By contrast, the HK-SCIVR approach with ∼10<sup>5</sup> trajectories reproduces the vibrationally structured spectral envelope correctly but yields a strongly broadened spectrum. The comparison of the computed absorption spectrum with experiment shows that the relevant vibronic progressions are reasonably reproduced by all computations, but deviations of the order of 10-100 cm<sup>-1</sup> occur, underscoring that both electronic structure calculations and dynamical approaches remain challenging in the calculation of typical small-molecule excited-state spectra by trajectory-based methods.