gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of clinical status, renal function, and hematopoietic variables after unilateral nephrectomy in canine kidney donors (2007)

Renal and hematopoietic variables were within reference ranges in dogs examined up to 2.5 years after unilateral nephrectomy. Compensatory renal hypertrophy was greatest in dogs < 1 year of age at donation. Donor age, along with histocompatability, may be an important factor in selecting dogs for kidney donation.
Block turbo codes for efficient image transmission over wireless channels (2004)

In this paper we propose an image coding scheme based on Block Turbo Codes (BTC) for protecting SPIHT coded images transmitted over wireless channels. An Unequal Error Protection (UEP) scheme using different product codes is also presented. The optimization of the UEP scheme under a transmission budget constraint is investigated. Performance of the proposed system are first evaluated over Gilbert-Elliott (GE) channels. They are then compared to the well-known system of Sherwood and Zeger, through numerical simulations over a single path Rayleigh fading channel. Then, we present an optimized mobile image transmission framework involving a multiuser asynchronous DS-CDMA transmission system over Rayleigh multipath channels. Simulation results for the 512x512 Lena image, transmitted over the ITU Vehicular A channel, show that a significant gain in PSNR is obtained by using the SIC/RAKE multiuser detector in comparison with a conventional detection by the RAKE receiver. Furthermore, performance are also improved when introducing the UEP scheme.
A coherent fiber-optic link with optical-domain down-conversion and digital demodulation (2007)

Frequency down-conversion is an essential element of radar signal processing. Classical electronic down-conversion using heterodyne mixing, however, introduces unavoidable non-linearities resulting in inter-modulation distortion and conversion loss. In this paper we describe a hybrid optical/digital downconversion technique that is free of distortion and conversion loss. Experimental results are presented showing proof-of-concept operation limited to the dynamic range of the A/Ds that were available for the experiment. The ultimate goal is to attain an SFDR of 150 dB-Hz2/3 or higher across an instantaneous bandwidth of 1 GHz for a microwave carrier up to 100 GHz.
Setting up an extended perception in a vehicular network environment: A proof of concept (2016)

VANETs) that provides a vehicle with data about 1-hop neighboring vehicles. Data provided by this service can be used to support safety applications, such as the efficient selection of forwarders for safety messages and dissemination of early warnings to drivers about potential dangers of the road. This paper discusses the limitations of the beaconing service in providing vehicles with safety-related information. It also proposes a mechanism to let each vehicle have additional information about its surroundings in order to get an extended perception of its environment. This can help in considerably reducing accidents on the roads. Through simulations, we show that the additional overhead caused by the exchange of additional data can be kept low enough to prevent significant impact on overall network performance.
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Survey of Immunophenotype, French-American-British Classification, Frequency of Myeloid Antigen Expression, and Karyotypic Abnormalities in 210 Pediatric and Adult Cases (1999)

Immunophenotypic studies are essential to distinguish acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) from minimally differentiated acute myeloid leukemia (AMLM0) and to classify ALL into immunologic subtypes. Frequently, immunophenotyping identifies myeloid antigen expression in ALL, causing a potential diagnostic problem. To evaluate the immunophenotype of ALL, we studied 210 cases of pediatric and adult ALL by flow cytometry and compared the results with the French-American-British (FAB) Cooperative Group classification and the karyotypic findings. Myeloid-associated antigens were expressed in 78 (45.6%) of precursor B-cell ALL cases. Pediatric precursor B ALLs had a higher frequency of myeloid antigen expression than did adult cases. All mature B-cell ALL cases were negative for TdT and myeloid antigens. Myeloid antigen expression was less frequent in T-cell ALL cases compared with precursor B-cell ALL cases. Of the 192 cases submitted for cytogenetic analysis, 147 were abnormal. The most common chromosomal translocation was the Philadelphia chromosome, which was more likely to have L2 blast morphology and a precursor B immunophenotype. Myeloid antigen expression was present in 70.8% of Ph-positive cases (P = .008). Chromosome rearrangements involving 11q23 also showed an increased frequency of myeloid antigen expression. Chromosome translocations involving regions of T-cell receptor genes were present in 24% of T-cell ALL cases. A high percentage of ALL cases, however, had various other cytogenetic abnormalities, many of which involved less well-studied chromosomal regions.
Private Equity and COVID-19 (2020)

We survey more than 200 private equity (PE) managers from firms with $1.9 trillion of assets under management (AUM) about their portfolio performance, decisionmaking and activities during the Covid-19 pandemic.Given that PE managers have significant incentives to maximize value, their actions during the current pandemic should indicate what they perceive as being important for both the preservation and creation of value.PE managers believe that 40% of their portfolio companies are moderately negatively affected and 10% are very negatively affected by the pandemic.The private equity managers-both investment and operating partners-are actively engaged in the operations, governance, and financing in all of their current portfolio companies.These activities are more intensively pursued in those companies that have been more severely affected by the Covid-19 pandemic.As a result of the pandemic, they expect the performance of their existing funds to decline.They are more pessimistic about that decline than the VCs surveyed in Gompers et al. (2020b).Despite the pandemic, private equity managers are seeking new investments.Relative to the 2012 survey results reported in Gompers, Kaplan, and Mukharlyamov (2016): the PE investors place a greater weight on revenue growth for value creation; they give a larger equity stake to management teams; and, they also appear to target somewhat lower returns.
Matched filter stochastic background characterization for hyperspectral target detection (2005)

Algorithms exploiting hyperspectral imagery for target detection have continually evolved to provide improved detection results. Adaptive matched filters can be used to locate spectral targets by modeling scene background as either structured (geometric) with a set of endmembers (basis vectors) or as unstructured (stochastic) with a covariance or correlation matrix. These matrices are often calculated using all available pixels in a data set. In unstructured background research, various techniques for improving upon scene-wide methods have been developed, each involving either the removal of target signatures from the background model or the segmentation of image data into spatial or spectral subsets. Each of these methods increase the detection signal-to-background ratio (SBR) and the multivariate normality (MVN) of the data from which background statistics are calculated, thus increasing separation between target and non-target species in the detection statistic and ultimately improving thresholded target detection results. Such techniques for improved background characterization are widely practiced but not well documented or compared. This paper provides a review and comparison of methods in target exclusion, spatial subsetting and spectral pre-clustering, and introduces a new technique which combines these methods. The analysis provides insight into the merit of employing unstructured background characterization techniques, as well as limitations for their practical application.
Bandstop series stubs for coplanar waveguide onGaAs (1997)

The authors present measured characteristics of several types of coplanar waveguide series tuning stubs printed on gallium arsenide. These stubs exhibit a bandstop response that is useful for microwave and millimetre-wave filtering applications. Herein, the primary emphasis is placed on compact stub geometries which have resonant lengths as small as 0.1 guide wavelengths.
A study of deaths and feelings about funeral rites among residents of a small island in Okinawa with no crematory (2012)

This study investigated deaths and feelings about funeral rites among residents of Okinawa's Aguni Island, which has no crematory. We collected information regarding the deceased from the village office, and conducted interviews about funeral rites with residents aged 20 or older.In total, 284 residents died between 1986 and 2006, 30% of whom died on the Island and 70% off the Island. The most common causes of death were heart disease for men and old age for women who died on the Island, and malignant neoplasm for who died off the Island. Most who died on the Island were buried, whereas majority of the deceased off the Island were cremated. Based on the analysis of 202 respondents, 54.1% of men and 26.1% of women in their 20s to 40s had experience with bone cleaning, while over 80% of those aged 50 or older had such experience. Ninety percentage of those in their 70s or older wished to be kept or to die on the Island, and 30% of them wished to be buried after death.Local community efforts and involvement of a nursing home helped maintain the traditional funeral rites on the Island. In contrast, off-islanders are adapting to changing funeral rites.
Junction capacitance reduction due to self-aligned pocket implantation in elevated source/drain NMOSFETs (2001)

A new advantage of an elevated source/drain (S/D) configuration to improve MOSFET characteristics is presented. By adopting pocket implantation into an elevated S/D structure which was formed by Si selective epitaxial growth and gate sidewall removal, we demonstrate that the parasitic junction capacitance as well as the junction leakage was significantly reduced for an NMOSFET while maintaining its good short channel characteristics. These successful results are attributed to the modification of the boron impurity profile in the deep S/D regions. The capacitance reduction rate, furthermore, was more remarkable as the pocket dose was further increased. This means that the present self-aligned pocket implantation is very promising for future MOSFETs with a very short gate length, where high pocket dosage will be required to suppress the short channel effect.
A Simple Chemically Defined Medium for the Production of Phase I Bordetella pertussis (1970)

SUMMARY: A simple, chemically defined medium is described consisting of sodium glutamate, proline, cystine, salts, and growth factors, which is suitable for the large-scale production of phase I Bordetella pertussis. More than 30 × 109 organisms/ml. were produced in 48 to 72 h. growth in shake flasks and fer- mentors. The cultures were detoxified by the addition of 0·14 % formalin to yield vaccines which were non-toxic to mice and guinea pigs and had good mouse-protective antigen levels. The antigenic stability was satisfactory after storage of the final vaccines at elevated temperatures.
XCiT: Cross-Covariance Image Transformers (2021)

Following their success in natural language processing, transformers have recently shown much promise for computer vision. The self-attention operation underlying transformers yields global interactions between all tokens ,i.e. words or image patches, and enables flexible modelling of image data beyond the local interactions of convolutions. This flexibility, however, comes with a quadratic complexity in time and memory, hindering application to long sequences and high-resolution images. We propose a "transposed" version of self-attention that operates across feature channels rather than tokens, where the interactions are based on the cross-covariance matrix between keys and queries. The resulting cross-covariance attention (XCA) has linear complexity in the number of tokens, and allows efficient processing of high-resolution images. Our cross-covariance image transformer (XCiT) is built upon XCA. It combines the accuracy of conventional transformers with the scalability of convolutional architectures. We validate the effectiveness and generality of XCiT by reporting excellent results on multiple vision benchmarks, including image classification and self-supervised feature learning on ImageNet-1k, object detection and instance segmentation on COCO, and semantic segmentation on ADE20k.
&#x010C;erenkov radiation imaging as a method for quantitative measurements of beta particles in a microfluidic chip (2008)

This work proposes a novel method for quantitative imaging of radioactivity on microfluidic chips by using visible light emission from Čerenkov radiation. Čerenkov radiation is generated when charged particles travel through an optically transparent material with a velocity greater than that of light in that material. It has been observed at UCLA that microfluidic chips used for <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">18</sup> F-related radio-synthesis studies have shown unidentified visible light emissions. In this study, the origin of the light was investigated and its feasibility as a quantitative imaging source was tested.
Triplet-State and Singlet Oxygen Formation in Fluorene-Based Alternating Copolymers (2006)

Data are reported on the triplet states of a series of fluorene-based A-alt-B type alternating copolymers based on pulse radiolysis-energy transfer and flash photolysis experiments. From the pulse radiolysis experiments, spectra are given for eight copolymers involving phenylene, thiophene, benzothiadiazole, and oligothienylenevinylene groups. Quantum yields for triplet-state formation (PhiT) have been obtained by flash photolysis following laser excitation and in one case by photoacoustic calorimetry. In addition, yields of sensitized formation of singlet oxygen have been determined by time-resolved phosphorescence and are, in general, in excellent agreement with the PhiT values. In all cases, the presence of thiophene units is seen to increase intersystem-crossing quantum yields, probably because of the presence of the heavy sulfur atom. However, with the poly[2,7-(9,9-bis(2'-ethylhexyl)fluorene)-alt-1,4-phenylene] (PFP), thiophene S,S-dioxide (PFTSO2) and benzothiadiazole (F8BT) copolymers, low yields of triplet formation are observed. With three of the copolymers, the energies of the triplet states have been determined. With PFP, the triplet energy is virtually identical to that of poly[2,7-(9,9-bis(2'-ethylhexyl)fluorene)]. In contrast, with fluorene-thiophene copolymers PFaT and PF3T, the triplet energies are closer to those of thiophene oligomers, indicating that there is significant conjugation between fluorene and thiophene units but also that there is a more localized triplet state than with the homopolymers.
RNA-Sequencing based gene expression landscape of guava cv. Allahabad Safeda and comparative analysis to colored cultivars (2020)

Abstract Background Guava ( Psidium guajava L.) is an important fruit crop of tropical and subtropical areas of the world. Genomics resources in guava are scanty. RNA-Seq based tissue specific expressed genomic information, de novo transcriptome assembly, functional annotation and differential expression among contrasting genotypes has potential to set the stage for the functional genomics for traits of commerce. Results Development of fruit from flower involves orchestration of myriad molecular switches. We did comparative transcriptome sequencing on leaf, flower and fruit tissues of cv. Allahabad Safeda to understand important genes and pathways controlling fruit development. Tissue specific RNA sequencing and de novo transcriptome assembly using Trinity pipeline provided us the first reference transcriptome for guava consisting of 84,206 genes comprising 279,792 total transcripts with N50 of 3,603 bp. Blast2GO assigned annotation to 116,629 transcripts and PFam based HMM profile annotated 140,061 transcripts with protein domains. Differential expression with EdgeR identified 3033 genes in Allahabad Safeda tissues and 68 genes among colored tissue comparisons. Mapping the differentially expressed transcripts over molecular pathways indicate significant hormonal changes during fruit development. Comparisons of red vs green peel in guava cv. Apple Colour, white pulp vs red pulp in Punjab pink and fruit maturation vs ripening in non-coloured Allahabad Safeda indicates up-regulation of ethylene biosynthesis accompanied to secondary metabolism like phenylpropanoid and monolignol pathways. Conclusions Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs analysis of de novo transcriptome of guava with eudicots identified 93.7% complete BUSCO genes. In silico differential gene expression among tissue types of Allahabad Safeda and validation of candidate genes with qRT-PCR in contrasting colour genotypes promises the utility of this first guava transcriptome for its potential of tapping the genetic elements from germplasm collections for enhancing fruit traits.
New Editor-in-Chief Announcement (2018)

Dr Carlos Ordonez, for their commitment during the recruitment and selection process of the new EIC.There were several qualified applicants for the position making the decision difficult for the committee members.Second, I want to thank Dr Ivatury, who revamped the journal, built on the work of prior eminent editors, and established a tradition of quality research during the last eight
Quantifying selective solvent transport under an electric field in mixed-solvent electrolytes (2023)

Electrolytes in lithium-ion batteries comprise solvent mixtures, but analysis of ion transport is always based on treating the solvents as a single-entity. We combine electrophoretic NMR (eNMR) measurements and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to quantify electric-field-induced transport in a concentrated solution containing LiPF<sub>6</sub> salt dissolved in an ethylene carbonate/ethyl methyl carbonate (EC/EMC) mixture. The selective transport of EC relative to EMC is reflected in the difference between two transference numbers, defined as the fraction of current carried by cations relative to the velocity of each solvent species. This difference arises from the preferential solvation of cations by EC and its dynamic consequences. The simulations reveal the presence of a large variety of transient solvent-containing clusters which migrate at different velocities. Rigorous averaging over different solvation environments is essential for comparing simulated and measured transference numbers. Our study emphasizes the necessity of acknowledging the presence of four species in mixed-solvent electrolytes.
Replay debugging for the datacenter (2011)

Debugging large-scale, data-intensive, distributed applications running in a datacenter (datacenter applications) is complex and time-consuming. The key obstacle is non-deterministic failures—hard-to-reproduce program misbehaviors that are immune to traditional cyclic debugging techniques. Datacenter applications are rife with such failures because they operate in highly non-deterministic environments: a typical setup employs thousands of nodes, spread across multiple datacenters, to process terabytes of data per day. In these environments, existing methods for debugging non-deterministic failures are of limited use. They either incur excessive production overheads or don't scale to multi-node, terabyte-scale processing. 
To help remedy the situation, we have built a new deterministic replay tool. Our tool, called DCR, enables the reproduction and debugging of non-deterministic failures in production datacenter runs. The key observation behind DCR is that debugging does not always require a precise replica of the original datacenter run. Instead, it often suffices to produce some run that exhibits the original behavior of the control-plane —the most error-prone component of datacenter applications. DCR leverages this observation to relax the determinism guarantees offered by the system, and consequently, to address key requirements of production datacenter applications: lightweight recording of long-running programs, causally consistent replay of large-scale clusters, and out-of-the box operation with existing, real-world applications running on commodity multiprocessors.
Investigation of the human tympanic membrane oscillation ex vivo by Doppler optical coherence tomography (2012)

Investigations of the tympanic membrane (TM) can have an important impact on understanding the sound conduction in the ear and can therefore support the diagnosis and treatment of diseases in the middle ear. High-speed Doppler optical coherence tomography (OCT) has the potential to describe the oscillatory behaviour of the TM surface in a phase-sensitive manner and additionally allows acquiring a three-dimensional image of the underlying structure. With repeated sound stimuli from 0.4 kHz to 6.4 kHz, the whole TM can be set in vibration and the spatially resolved frequency response functions (FRFs) of the tympanic membrane can be recorded. Typical points, such as the umbo or the manubrium of malleus, can be studied separately as well as the TM surface with all stationary and wave-like vibrations. Thus, the OCT methodology can be a promising technique to distinguish between normal and pathological TMs and support the differentiation between ossicular and membrane diseases.
Resonant Meta-Surface Superstrate for Single and Multifrequency Dipole Antenna Arrays (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> The design of a multifrequency dipole antenna array based on a resonant meta-surface superstrate is proposed. The behavior of a single element that is closely placed to a meta-surface is experimentally investigated. The proposed meta-surface is based on resonating unit cells formed by capacitively loaded strips and split ring resonators. By tuning a dipole antenna to the pass band of the meta-surface, the physical area is effectively illuminated enhancing the radiation performance. The gain, radiation efficiency and effective area values of the whole configuration are compared to the ones obtained with a single dipole without superstrate. Radiation efficiency values for the proposed configuration of more than 80% and gain values of more than 4.5 <formula formulatype="inline"> <tex>$\pm$</tex></formula>1 dB are obtained. Based on this configuration, simulated results of a multifrequency antenna array are presented. Distinctive features of this configuration are high isolation between elements (20 dB for a distance of <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$\lambda_{0}/4$</tex> </formula>), and low back radiation. </para>
The knowns and unknowns of the immunopathogenesis of tuberculosis [State of the art] (2012)

In this review, we discuss the 'knowns' and 'unknowns' of host defence towards Mycobacterium tuberculosis. With regard to the 'knowns', both protective and immunopathogenic mechanisms are discussed, including recently discovered new pathways of host defence and inflammatory immunopathology. With regard to the 'unknowns', there will be emphasis on unanswered key questions, accompanied by a perspective on needs and priorities for future research. The role of the inflammatory response and its dysregulation in tuberculosis-related immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome will also be discussed.