gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract WP144: Overexpression of tPA in the Spinal Cord Promotes Corticospinal Axonal Remodeling and Motor Behavioral Recovery in Mice After Stroke (2019)

Our previous studies demonstrated that axonal remodeling of the corticospinal tract (CST) in the spinal cord contributes to neurological recovery after stroke in rodents. In the present study, we designed a novel non-invasive peripheral approach, to over-express tPA in the denervated gray matter of the spinal cord mediated via recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) intramuscular injection. Here, tPA is not used as a fibrinolytic agent in the circulation system, but as a neurorestorative agent in the central nervous system. The study was performed in transgenic mice subjected to permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) or sham-MCAo, in which the CST axons are specifically and completely labeled with yellow fluorescent protein (YFP). One day after surgery, mice were randomly selected to receive AAV serotype 5 encoding RFP or tPA under neuron specific Synapsin promoter injected into the stroke-impaired forelimb wrist extensor and flexor muscles at a dose of 1x10 10 viral particles in 5 μl total volume (n=10/group). The functional deficits and recovery were monitored with a series of foot-fault test and single pellet reaching performed prior to and on day 3 after stroke, and weekly thereafter. Mice were euthanized at day 28 after MCAo. The cervical enlargements were processed for vibratome traverse section to examine YFP labeling with a laser scanning confocal imaging system. Single layer confocal images were used to measure axonal densities in the central area of the gray matter on 30 consecutive sections. The ratio of axonal densities in the stroke-affected side and intact side on same sections was used as an index to evaluate axonal remodeling. Compared with AAV-RFP treated mice, intramuscular injection of AAV-tPA significantly enhanced behavioral recovery measured in both functional tests (p&lt;0.01), as well as the index of CST axonal remodeling (p&lt;0.001). Our results provided a fundamental basis for further development of therapeutic approaches aimed on promoting corticospinal innervation in the denervated spinal gray matter to enhance neurological recovery after stroke. If successful, this would greatly impact a large population of stroke patients with a significant unmet medical need of efficacious stroke treatment beyond the acute stage.
Elimination Reactions of α-Halogenated Ketones. I. Dehydrobromination of 2-Benzyl-2-bromo-4,4-dimethyl-1-tetralone (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElimination Reactions of α-Halogenated Ketones. I. Dehydrobromination of 2-Benzyl-2-bromo-4,4-dimethyl-1-tetraloneNorman H. Cromwell, Randall P. Ayer, and Peter W. FosterCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 1, 130–132Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01486a028https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01486a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views229Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Characteristics of a CW water vapor laser at 118 and 28 µm (1979)

The characteristics of a CW water vapor laser operating at 118 and 28 μm are reported. By monitoring the discharge current, helium gas pressure, and water vapor pressure, a criterion for optimum power output has been obtained. Peak powers of 6 and 114 mW are obtained, respectively, for the 118 and 28 μm lines for a 4.5 m discharge tube.
Iterative Methods for Sparse Linear Systems (2003)

Preface 1. Background in linear algebra 2. Discretization of partial differential equations 3. Sparse matrices 4. Basic iterative methods 5. Projection methods 6. Krylov subspace methods Part I 7. Krylov subspace methods Part II 8. Methods related to the normal equations 9. Preconditioned iterations 10. Preconditioning techniques 11. Parallel implementations 12. Parallel preconditioners 13. Multigrid methods 14. Domain decomposition methods Bibliography Index.
Pleural Mesothelioma: Clinical Features and Therapeutic Implications (1977)

A detailed review of the literature was done to define the epidemiology, pathology, clinical features, and treatment of pleural mesothelioma. It appears that pleural mesothelioma accounts for approximately 400 deaths each year in the United States. Asbestos has been definitely implicated in the etiology of this disease. The common clinical features include chest pain, pleural effusion, and radiologic findings of irregular pleural thickening or pleural densities. Therapeutic modalities used in the past have included surgery, radiation therapy, and, more recently, chemotherapy. A combined modality approach to treatment appears more promising.
Effect of Cement Type on the Mechanical Behavior and Permeability of Concrete Subjected to High Temperatures (2019)

The paper presents experimental investigations concerning the influence of the cement type (CEMI 42.5 R Portland cement and CEMIII/A 42.5 N slag cement-with 53% granulated blast furnace slag) on the mechanical and transport properties of heated concretes. The evolution of properties due to high temperature exposure occurring during a fire was investigated. High temperature exposure produces changes in the transport and mechanical properties of concrete, but the effect of cement type has not been widely studied in the literature. In this paper, concretes were made with two cement types: CEMI and CEMIII, using basalt (B) and riverbed aggregates (RB). The compressive and tensile strength, as well as the static modulus of elasticity and Cembureau permeability, were tested after high temperature exposure to 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 °C. The evaluation of damage to the concrete and crack development due to high temperature effects was performed on the basis of the change in the static modulus of elasticity. The test results clearly demonstrated that permeability increases with damage, and it follows an exponential type formula for both types of cement.
Lanthanum Tricyanide-Catalyzed Acyl Silane−Ketone Benzoin Additions (2009)

Lanthanum tricyanide efficiently catalyzes a benzoin-type coupling between acyl silanes and ketones. Yields range from moderate to excellent over a broad substrate scope encompassing aryl, alkyl, electron-rich, and sterically hindered ketones.
Variable expression of the Opc outer membrane protein in Neisseria meningitidis is caused by size variation of a promoter containing poly‐cytidine (1994)

Opa proteins of Neisseria meningitidis exhibit translational phase variation via addition or deletion of repetitive coding repeat units within the DNA encoding the protein leader sequence. In contrast, Opc phase variation is the result of transcriptional regulation. Transcription starts 13 nucleotides after the -10 region of an unusual promoter sequence containing a variable number of contiguous cytidine residues and lacking a -35 region. Efficient expression of Opc occurred in strains with 12 to 13 cytidine residues, intermediate expression in strains with 11 or 14 residues and no expression with < or = 10 or > or = 15 residues. This unusual regulation may have evolved because the Opc protein enables meningococcal invasion and is immunogenic.
Kinetic hydrogen isotope effects on ethylene oxidation over silver catalysts; Ginshokubaijo no ethylene sanka hanno ni okeru suiso doitai koka (1996)

Hydrogen isotope effects on ethylene oxidation of 8 kinds of silver catalysts and 4 kinds of Pt and Ni-supported catalysts were kinetically measured using a conventional pulse technique. On Pt and Ni-supported catalysts, which produced no C2H4O, the kinetic isotope effect (kD/kH) in the combustion was almost 1.0. In the case of the silver catalysts, the isotope effect on C2H4O formation was larger than 1.0 under both oxidative and reductive atmospheres while on CO2 formation, the effect was 0.52-0.63 or 0.66-0.79 under oxidative atmosphere, but under reduce live atmosphere it was 0.68-0.78. In the CO2 formation, there were at least two main rate-determining steps: one of them was the C-H bond breaking of a combustion intermediate (-O-CH-CH3) (kD/kH=0.30) and the other was the intermolecular hydrogen transfer (isomerization) step of a proxy intermediate (kD/kH=0.71) which produced C2H4O molecule. Under oxidative conditions since the former took place parallel to the latter, the kD/kH values measured were 0.52-0.63. The effect of 0.68-0.78 under reductive conditions seemed to indicate that isomerization of a combustion intermediate (-O-CH2-CH2) was rate-determining. These race-determining steps varied with the characteristics of the silver catalysts and reaction conditions. Furthermore, with isotope effects larger than 1.0 in the C2H4O formation, it seemed likely that C2H4 adsorption was rate-determining. 30 refs., 2 figs., 2 tabs.
Differentiation of uric acid versus non-uric acid kidney stones in the presence of iodine using dual-energy CT (2010)

In this study, the feasibility of differentiating uric acid from non-uric acid kidney stones in the presence of iodinated contrast material was evaluated using dual-energy CT (DECT). Iodine subtraction was accomplished with a commercial three material decomposition algorithm to create a virtual non-contrast (VNC) image set. VNC images were then used to segment stone regions from tissue background. The DE ratio of each stone was calculated using the CT images acquired at two different energies with DECT using the stone map generated from the VNC images. The performance of DE ratio-based stone differentiation was evaluated at five different iodine concentrations (21, 42, 63, 84 and 105 mg/ml). The DE ratio of stones in iodine solution was found larger than those obtained in non-iodine cases. This is mainly caused by the partial volume effect around the boundary between the stone and iodine solution. The overestimation of the DE ratio leads to substantial overlap between different stone types. To address the partial volume effect, an expectation-maximization (EM) approach was implemented to estimate the contribution of iodine and stone within each image pixel in their mixture area. The DE ratio of each stone was corrected to maximally remove the influence of iodine solutions. The separation of uric-acid and non-uric-acid stone was improved in the presence of iodine solution.
Jamming of UAV remote control systems using software defined radio (2018)

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have become widely available and their potential unlawful usage introduces new security risks. It has therefore become highly desirable to restrict the unauthorized usage of UAVs in certain areas such as airports, nuclear power plants, etc. Most commercially available UAVs rely on spread spectrum techniques, such as direct sequencing and frequency hopping, in the remote control systems to reduce the impact of interference from neighboring communication systems (including e.g. other remotely controlled UAVs), to increase resistance to jamming and to prevent detection. In this paper, an efficient protocol-aware UAV remote control jamming system is proposed and implemented using an open-source software defined radio (SDR) platform. Experimental results show that for FASST and ACCST remote control systems, the proposed jammer achieves successful jamming at relatively low jam-to-signal ratios (JSRs) as compared to a sweep jammer, therefore requiring less transmitted power to achieve similar results. Furthermore, the proposed jammer impacts other communication systems significantly less than the sweep jammer.
Bilateral injections of βA(25–35)+IBO into the hippocampus disrupts acquisition of spatial learning in the rat (1993)

Focal deposits of beta-amyloid (beta A) in the hippocampus have been implicated in Alzheimer's disease. In this study we assessed the effects of bilateral injections into the hippocampus of beta A(25-35), a combination of beta A(25-35) with ibotenic acid (IBO), and IBO on spatial learning in the rat. Bilateral injections of beta A(25-35) into the hippocampus together with IBO (which by itself has no neurotoxic effects) produced a dramatic disruption in the acquisition of a spatial learning in the rat. Separate injections into the hippocampus of beta A(25-35) or the incubated form of beta A(25-35) alone failed to significantly affect maze acquisition in the rat. Histological examination revealed that only the combination of beta A(25-35) with IBO produced a lesion along with focal deposits in the hippocampus.
Context dependent phone models for LSTM RNN acoustic modelling (2015)

Long Short Term Memory Recurrent Neural Networks (LSTM RNNs), combined with hidden Markov models (HMMs), have recently been show to outperform other acoustic models such as Gaussian mixture models (GMMs) and deep neural networks (DNNs) for large scale speech recognition. We argue that using multi-state HMMs with LSTM RNN acoustic models is an unnecessary vestige of GMM-HMM and DNN-HMM modelling since LSTM RNNs are able to predict output distributions through continuous, instead of piece-wise stationary, modelling of the acoustic trajectory. We demonstrate equivalent results for context independent whole-phone or 3-state models and show that minimum-duration modelling can lead to improved results. We go on to show that context dependent whole-phone models can perform as well as context dependent states, given a minimum duration model.
The pH sensitive probe 5‐(and‐6)‐carboxyl seminaphthorhodafluor is a substrate for the multidrug resistance‐related protein MRP1 (2008)

Cellular function is dependent on tight regulation of intracellular pH and numerous reports show cancer cells have abnormal pH values in the cytosol and organelles, such as lysosomes. 5-(and-6)-carboxyl seminaphthorhodafluor (SNARF-1) is a commonly used pH sensitive probe and was used here to determine cytosolic pH of HL-60 leukemia cells and a drug-resistant variant overexpressing multidrug-resistance related protein 1 (MRP1). Resistant cells accumulated significantly less SNARF-1 compared to parental cells but near control levels of probe accumulation were observed by preincubating cells with the specific MRP1 inhibitor MK571. Two new drug-resistant cell lines were generated following exposure to doxorubicin or daunorubicin and these upregulated MRP1 or P-glycoprotein expression, respectively. Experiments in these cells showed that reduced SNARF-1 accumulation was specific to MRP1 overexpression, as cells upregulating P-glycoprotein accumulated control levels of the probe. Confirmation that SNARF-1 is a MRP1 substrate was obtained using K562 and KG1a cells that have been shown to, respectively, constitutively express MRP1 and P-glycoprotein. Together, the data suggest that SNARF-1 is a substrate for MRP1 but not P-glycoprotein, and could therefore be used as a probe to distinguish between expression and activity of these 2 efflux proteins. Finally, we confirm that doxorubicin but not daunorubicin challenged MRP1 overexpressing HL-60 cells have elevated cytosolic pH.
Design and Test of Passively Operated Heat Switches for 0.2 to 15 K (2004)

The gas gap heat switch (GGHS) is a simple thermal switch consisting of closely spaced parallel metal plates alternating between the hot and cold side of the switch housed in a gas impermeable, thermally isolating enclosure. Gas is sealed into the enclosure, providing the thermal path between the metal plates of the switch. The large surface area and close spacing of the parallel surfaces allows the gas conduction to provide good thermal contact when the switch is on. The switch is turned off by cooling a getter which absorbs the gas. We have developed passive GGHSs (PGGHSs) that have an on/off transition temperatures between 0.2 and 13 K. These passive switches feature rapid response, no need for external control, and more efficiency (no extra heat dissipation). The gas type, dosage, and getter type and surface area are determined by calculating the residual pressure such that the mean free path of the gas is as long or longer than the separation between metal plates when the switch temperature is at its turn‐off point. Important performance parameters, as for all thermal switches, are the on conductance, the off conductance or parasitic heat flow, the temperature range of operation, and the method of switch activation. These parameters are given for the PGGHSs.
Gonadal Activity and Chemotherapy-Induced Gonadal Damage-Reply (1988)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Glode's and Drs Redman and Bajorunas' comments reflect the fact that the early promise that chemotherapy-induced gonadal damage might be prevented by suppressing germ cell activity during cytotoxic therapy has yet to be clinically fulfilled. Although it was not the purpose of our report to give a detailed review of this subject, we disagree with Drs Redman and Bajorunas' inference that the clinical utility of the germ cell suppression hypothesis can be judged by the reports they cite, and we agree with Dr Glode that further investigation is necessary. As pointed out by Dr Glode, the failure of the administration of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone agonist during chemotherapy to preserve testicular function in humans<sup>1</sup>may in part be attributable to inadequate doses of agonist. The short duration of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone therapy prior to chemotherapy also appears to have had a role in its failure
AFLP Fingerprinting of Tricoderma reesei Strains (2012)

Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP), a novel molecular fingerprinting technique, modified by using one PstI restriction enzyme, has been applied to assess the genomic diversity of Trichoderma reesei strains and mutants deriving from different world collections. The genetic relationship among all AFLP pattern based on the Jaccard's similarity coefficient were transformed to build an unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean dendrogram. The statistical analysis of obtained results enabled the classification of T. reesei strains into two main clusters. Nine of them were classified as group I and next four strains into group II. The analysis revealed the existence of one subgroup composed of 291 and 292 strains within group II. Six subgroups were present within group I, the first formed by 289; the second composed by 290 and 298; the third formed by 300; the fourth including 293 and 294; the fifth formed by 296; and the sixth composed by 295 and 299. In general, the AFLP analysis has differentiated all strains tested in this study. AFLPs revealed the lower level of diversity among group II, whereas for strains in group I, the level of diversity was higher.
Strong secrecy and stealth for broadcast channels with confidential messages (2016)

This paper extends the weak secrecy results of Liu et al. for broadcast channels with two confidential messages to strong secrecy. Our results are based on an extension of the techniques developed by Hou and Kramer on bounding Kullback-Leibler divergence in the context of resolvability and effective secrecy.
A multicenter, 3-arm, open-label, phase IIa clinical trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of tanibirumab (VEGFR2 mAb), in patients with recurrent glioblastoma (GBM). (2017)

e13522 Background: Treatment of recurrent GBM remains a challenge. The VEGF signal transduction pathway is upregulated in GBM. We evaluated Tanibirumab, a mAb to VEGFR2, in an open-label, dose-escalation, 3-arm, Phase 2a clinical trial. Primary and secondary endpoints were determining safety and efficacy (6-month PFS, ORR, DCR and OS). Methods: Eligibility criteria included age ≥19 yrs at 1 st or 2 nd recurrence of GBM, measurable disease, KPS≥80, and no prior bevacizumab. Patients were enrolled in 3 arms: Arm 1 (8mg/kg d1,8,15/q28 days); Arm 2 (12mg/kg d1,8,15/q28 days) and Arm 3 (12mg/kg weekly). Response evaluation with MRI (RANO criteria) including DCE, was performed every 2 cycles. Results: 12 patients were enrolled over 10 months from 2 sites: 3 patients each in Arms 1 &amp; 2; 6 in Arm 3. The median age was 50 years and 8 were male. 6 patients had second recurrence. At 1 st infusion, 8 out of 12 were on baseline corticosteroids. 10 patients have progressed. No dose limiting toxicities (DLT) were observed. Cutaneous hemangiomas (CH) were frequent (83% of patients) and all G2 or less. No drug-related G3 or 4 AEs were observed. All SAEs were unrelated to the study drug apart from G2 bleeding haemangioma and G2 cerebral haemorrhage. Expected AEs with anti-angiogenic drugs (hypertension; impaired wound healing) were not observed. Among 12 patients allocated to Arm 1, 2 and 3, no objective radiological responses were observed. 3 patients demonstrated stable disease (SD); 2 patients had SD beyond 4 cycles and are still receiving treatment at weeks 45 (Arm 1) &amp; 20 (3). This was correlated with the highest expression of VEGFR2 using immunohistochemistry on archival tumour and blood vessels. Only 2 patients needed to initiate or increase corticosteroids for control of tumor edema while on treatment. Current data are immature to determine time to event efficacy endpoints (PFS,OS). Conclusions: Tanibirumab can be safely administered to patients with recurrent GBM, with CH being common. SD was seen in 2 patients up to 10+ months, with some indication that VEGFR2 expression may be a response biomarker. Clinical trial information: NCT03033524.
A flexible family of multi-path routing protocols over a MANET (2012)

This papers contribution is a family of multi–path routing protocols that emphasise different aspects of multi–path routing, though with a central theme of path reliability within a Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET). Tests demonstrate that for all members of the family, the network performance (end–to–end delay and packet loss ratio) compares favorably to the single–path Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocol at moderate to high speeds, though there is a trade–off against control packet overhead. Where the design effort differs from other multi–path protocol reviewed is that different aspects of the performance are emphasised in different members of the protocol family.
Enhancing Charge Carrier Delocalization in Perovskite Quantum Dot Solids with Energetically Aligned Conjugated Capping Ligands (2020)

Compared to bulk perovskites, charge transport in perovskite quantum dot (PQD) solids is limited. To address this issue, energetically aligned capping ligands were used to prepare methylammonium lead bromide (MAPbBr3) PQDs toward enhancing surface charge carrier density in PQD solids. Trans-cinnamic acid (TCA) and its derivates, functionalized with electron-donating or electron-withdrawing groups to modulate energy levels, are used as passivating exciton-delocalizing ligands (EDLs) to decrease the energy gap with respect to the PQD core. 3,3-Diphenylpropylamine (DPPA) ligand is shown to stabilize EDLs on the PQD surface through π–π stacking intermolecular interaction, mitigating charge trapping and nonradiative decay. Passivation using EDLs in combination with DPPA increases the photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield (QY) (90%), photoconductivity, extraction, mobility, transport time, and lifetime of charge carriers in PQD solids. Prototype PQD-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were demonstrated with a low turn-on voltage of 2.5 V.