gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Final Report of the Amended Safety Assessment of Sodium Laureth Sulfate and Related Salts of Sulfated Ethoxylated Alcohols (2010)

Sodium laureth sulfate is a member of a group of salts of sulfated ethoxylated alcohols, the safety of which was evaluated by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel for use in cosmetics. Sodium and ammonium laureth sulfate have not evoked adverse responses in any toxicological testing. Sodium laureth sulfate was demonstrated to be a dermal and ocular irritant but not a sensitizer. The Expert Panel recognized that there are data gaps regarding use and concentration of these ingredients. However, the overall information available on the types of products in which these ingredients are used and at what concentrations indicates a pattern of use. The potential to produce irritation exists with these salts of sulfated ethoxylated alcohols, but in practice they are not regularly seen to be irritating because of the formulations in which they are used. These ingredients should be used only when they can be formulated to be nonirritating.
Zur Stoffwechselsituation des Herzens in der Abgangsphase der extrakorporalen Zirkulation* (1968)

Es wurde an 14 Patienten, welche wegen eines Vorhofseptumdefektes vom Sekundumtyp mit der Herz-Lungen-Maschine operiert wurden, die oxydative Stoffwechsellage des Herzens kurz vor und nach Beendigung der extrakorporalen Zirkulation untersucht. Im arteriellen und koronarvenösen Blut wurden folgende Größen bestimmt: die Sauerstoffsättigung, das pH, der Kohlensäuredruck (pCO2), das Standardbikarbonat, das Base Exzeß und die Konzentrationen von Milch- und Brenztraubensäure. Weiters wurde das Exzeß-Laktat des Herzens nach Huckabee berechnet. Als Ergebnis dieser Untersuchungen fand sich ein Absinken der koronarvenösen SauerstofFsättigung, des koronarvenösen pH und der kardialen Exzeß-Laktat-Werte nach Beendigung des Bypass. Die Befunde werden im Zusammenhang mit der verschiedenen energetischen Belastung des Herzens während und nach der extrakorporalen Zirkulation diskutiert und deuten auf eine ausreichende oxydative und energetische Versorgung des Herzens in der Abgangsphase der extrakorporalen Zirkulation.
Biodegradable trimethyl chitosan nanofiber mats as bioabsorbable dressings for wound closure and healing (2023)

Abstract Background Quaternary chitosan based fibers have emerged as promising biomaterials for tissue engineering, wound healing and hygiene related textiles, but their in vivo application is restricted by the lack of biodegradability of the synthetic polymers used as co-spinning agents. Herein, we report fully biodegradable chitosan/ N,N,N -trimethyl chitosan (TMC) nanofibers prepared via electrospinning, when using poly(ethylene glycol) as sacrificial additive, as potential bioabsorbable wound dressings. Methods The composition and morphology of the fiber mats was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, thermogravimetric analysis, wide angle X-ray diffraction, polarized optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Their properties required for in vivo application, such as behavior in moisture media (dynamic vapor sorption, swelling and enzymatic degradation tests), muco- and bio-adhesive character, mechanical properties and antimicrobial activity were measured. The in vitro biocompatibility on normal human dermal fibroblasts was investigated in line with standards for biomedical devices and in vivo acute toxicity and biocompatibility was assessed by monitoring hematological, biochemical and immunological profile on Wistar rats. Wound closure and healing was studied on burn wound healing models in rats. Results The combination of chitosan with its TMC derivative into nanofibers enabled high swelling ability and fluid exchange, biodegradability rate controlled by the TMC content and pH of media, muco- and bio-adhesive character, mechanical properties similar to skin tissue, strong antimicrobial activity against relevant pathogens and in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility. Moreover, their subcutaneous implantation in rats revealed in vivo biodegradation and lack of toxicity. As a proof of concept, the fiber mats application on burn wound healing models in rats showed wound closure and active healing, with fully restoration of epithelia. Conclusions The use of poly(ethylene glycol) with double role, electrospinning and sacrificial additive, is a straight pathway to the obtaining of chitosan/TMC nanofibers. The combination of chitosan with its N,N,N -trimethyl chitosan derivative into nanofiber mats provide a bioabsorbable bandage which favors rapid wound closure and fully restoration of the skin tissue.
Integration of polymer optical waveguides by using flexographic and aerosol jet printing (2016)

As a tribute to the continuously increasing volume of data traffic, optical waveguides have become a serious alternative to electrical circuitries. The potential of precise spaceresolved strain measurements or the capacity to transmit very large amounts of data are two examples of the beneficial use of optical systems. Apart from the general advantages of the optical signal line, like high electromagnetic compatibility, usage in explosive atmosphere or the reduced weight compared to copper cables, modern technologies make use of the possibilities to integrate optical waveguides into structural components. The printing of polymer optical waveguides is part of the current research in functional printing technology. Optimizing the transmission quality and the resolution are key objectives to establish integrated optical data transmission in industry. The manufacturing of multimode waveguides presented in this work is accomplished by a combination of two printing processes. Before producing the optical waveguide itself, using Aerosol Jet Printing, pre-conditioned areas with either hydrophobic or hydrophilic behavior are generated on flexible substrates with an adapted flexographic printing mechanism. This two-stage process allows for the fabrication of step index waveguides featuring parabolic cross sections with minimum widths down to 10 μm and aspect ratios of about 0.3. Conditioning the substrate, which itself forms the bottom cladding, provides a low surface roughness of the optical core. This paper shows the latest results of printing polymer optical waveguides, focusing on actual challenges and optical transmission quality.
TH-CD-207A-05: Lung Surface Deformation Vector Fields Prediction by Monitoring Respiratory Surrogate Signals (2016)

Purpose: In this study, we developed and evaluated a method for predicting lung surface deformation vector fields (SDVFs) based on surrogate signals such as chest and abdomen motion at selected locations and spirometry measurements. Methods: A Patient-specific 3D triangular surface mesh of the lung region at end-expiration (EE) phase was obtained by threshold-based segmentation method. For each patient, a spirometer recorded the flow volume changes of the lungs; and 192 selected points at a regular spacing of 2cm X 2cm matrix points over a total area of 34cm X 24cm on the surface of chest and abdomen was used to detect chest wall motions. Preprocessing techniques such as QR factorization with column pivoting (QRCP) were employed to remove redundant observations of the chest and abdominal area. To create a statistical model between the lung surface and the corresponding surrogate signals, we developed a predictive model based on canonical ridge regression (CRR). Two unique weighting vectors were selected for each vertex on the surface of the lung, and they were optimized during the training process using the all other phases of 4D-CT except the end-inspiration (EI) phase. These parameters were employed to predict the vertices locations of a testing data set, which was the EI phase of 4D-CT. Results: For ten lung cancer patients, the deformation vector field of each vertex of lung surface mesh was estimated from the external motion at selected positions on the chest wall surface plus spirometry measurements. The average estimation of 98th percentile of error was less than 1 mm (AP= 0.85, RL= 0.61, and SI= 0.82). Conclusion: The developed predictive model provides a non-invasive approach to derive lung boundary condition. Together with personalized biomechanical respiration modelling, the proposed model can be used to derive the lung tumor motion during radiation therapy accurately from non-invasive measurements.
Analysis of a pattern-forming lattice-gas automaton: Mean-field theory and beyond (1996)

An analysis is presented of a two-dimensional lattice model of random walkers that interact through a nearest neighbor attraction. The model exhibits a dynamical phase transition to a spatially unstable state, leading to pattern formation and domain coarsening. A mean-field theory is formulated. It is applied to predict the critical temperature and to explain observed anisotropic behavior. The occurrence of a striped phase in the presence of an external driving field is clarified, and a linear response theorem relating the induced particle flux to the variance of equilibrium fluctuations is derived. To account for deviations from mean-field theory, an Enskog-Boltzmann equation is derived that accounts for the effect of static pair correlations existing in equilibrium due to the lack of detailed balance. For temperatures above the critical temperature we obtain corrections to mean-field theory for the diffusion coefficient. Below the critical temperature the theory is used to explain the initial stages of phase separation. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
1D/3D Numerical Approach for Modelling a Milli-Structured Heat Exchanger/Reactor (2021)

International audience
New Robust Bleomycin Analogues:  Synthesis, Spectroscopy, and Crystal Structures of the Copper(II) Complexes (1999)

Two new bleomycin analogues, 2-[((2-(4-imidazolyl)ethyl)amino)carbonyl]-6-[((2-amino-2-methylpropyl)amino)methyl]pyridine = L(3)() and 2-[((2-(4-imidazolyl)ethyl)amino)carbonyl]-6-[((2-amino-1,1,2-trimethylpropyl)amino)methyl]pyridine = L(4)(), were synthesized in order to create air-stable ligands of their Cu(I) (and Fe(II)) complexes. The protonation constants (log K(n)()) of the ligands at 25 degrees C and I = 0.1 M NaNO(3) were 9.9, 6.9, and 5.2 for L(3)() and 10.0, 6.7, and 3.9 for L(4)(). The complexation of the triprotonated L(3)() and L(4)() with Cu(II) started at pH < 5 to yield 4-coordinate [Cu(II)(H(-)(1)L).H(+)](2+) complexes, 4 and 6, respectively, followed by formation of square-pyramidal [Cu(II)(H(-)(1)L)](+) complexes, 5 and 7, with pK(a) values of 5.6 for 5 and 5.9 for 7. The complexation constants, log K(Cu)()II(H)()-1(L), were 8.9 for [Cu(II)(H(-)(1)L(3))](+), 5, and 8.6 for [Cu(II)(H(-)(1)L(4))](+), 7, respectively. The structures of [Cu(II)(H(-)(1)L(3))]ClO(4) (5.ClO(4)) and [Cu(II)(H(-)(1)L(4))]BF(4) (7.BF(4)) were determined by X-ray crystallography. Crystal data for 5.ClO(4): monoclinic, space group P2(1)/n (No. 14), a = 13.978(6) Å, b = 8.103(3) Å, c = 18.037(5) Å, beta = 98.61(3) degrees, V = 2019(1) Å(3), Z = 4, R = 0.053, and R(w) = 0.044 for 2996 [I > 3sigma(I)] reflections. Crystal data for 7.BF(4): monoclinic, space group P2(1)/n (No. 14), a = 16.092 (4) Å, b = 7.974(4) Å, c = 16.819(2) Å, beta = 99.64(1) degrees, V = 2127(1) Å(3), Z = 4, R = 0.040, and R(w) = 0.025 for 1633 [I > 4sigma(I)] reflections. The coordination geometry around the copper was a distorted square-pyramid in 5, while that of 7 was the intermediate between a trigonal-bipyramid and a square-pyramid. The distortion is influenced strongly by the number of the methyl group. The EPR spectral data for both copper(II) complexes were consistent with the retention of the solid-state structure in frozen DMF/MeOH (1:1) solution at 77 K. The visible absorption spectra of 10% DMF/aqueous solutions (pH 9.5) of 5 and 7 at I = 0.1 M NaNO(3) showed absorption maxima at 646 nm with a shoulder at ca. 900 nm for 5 and at 658 and 888 nm for 7. The red-shift of 7 by ca. 12 nm relative to 5 reflects the distortion toward the trigonal-bipyramidal geometry of 7 in solution. Both complexes displayed irreversible redox behavior in DMF at I = 0.1 M tetra(n-butyl)ammonium tetrafluoroborate. The anodic and cathodic peak potentials obtained by cyclic voltammetry for 5 and 7 were -0.14 and -0.76 V for 5 and -0.17 and -0.80 for 7 vs Ag/AgCl. The cathodic potentials of copper(II) complexes were shifted toward the anodic direction by ca. 20-60 mV compared to the nonsubstituted 5-coordinate, [Cu(II)(H(-)(1)L(1))](+) complex, 16 (-0.82 V vs Ag/AgCl). The Cu(I) complexes (9and 10) are air-oxidized to the corresponding Cu(II) complexes, 5 and 7, respectively.
Asymmetric [2 + 2] cycloaddition of ketene with aldehydes catalysed by chiral bissulfonamide–trialkylaluminium complexes (1994)

Asymmetric [2 + 2] cycloaddition of ketene with the aldehydes 1a–g, catalysed by 10 mol% of C2-symmetric bissulfonamide 2a–c–R3Al complexes afforded optically active 4-substituted oxetan-2-ones 3a–g in up to 74% enantiomeric excess.
Accelerated Testing of Additives in Zinc Plates of Nickel Zinc Cells (1983)

An accelerated test for zinc plates in nickel/zinc cells has been developed. Using the test, a large number of additives have been screened to see if they improve zinc utilization over 100 deep discharge cycles of the zinc plate. Three additives have yielded statistically significant results. These are , , and acetylene black. The mechanism of capacity loss of zinc plates was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the major mechanism of capacity loss was a decrease in the porosity of active material.
Neuartige Diterpenoide aus den Ritterlingen Tricholoma aurantium und T. fracticum (Agaricales) (1995)

Novel Diterpenoids from the Toadstools Tricholoma aurantium and T. fracticum (Agaricales) Herrn Professor Dr. Heinz G. Floss zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet. Two novel diterpenoids trichaurantin ( 1 ) and its 6‐ O ‐acetyl derivative 2 have been isolated from Tricholoma species. Their structures were established by spectroscopic methods and an X‐ray crystal analysis, 1 and 2 appear to be biosynthetically related to the neodolabellane and dolastane group of diterpenes and can be designated as 2,3‐seconeodolastane derivatives.
Biocompatibility study of a silk fibroin-chitosan scaffold with adipose tissue-derived stem cells in vitro (2013)

The use of tissue engineering technology in the repair of spinal cord injury (SCI) is a topic of current interest. The success of the repair of the SCI is directly affected by the selection of suitable seed cells and scaffold materials with an acceptable biocompatibility. In this study, adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) were incorporated into a silk fibroin-chitosan scaffold (SFCS), which was constructed using a freeze-drying method, in order to assess the biocompatibility of the ADSCs and the SFCS and to provide a foundation for the use of tissue engineering technology in the repair of SCI. Following the seeding of the cells onto the scaffold, the adhesion characteristics of the ADSCs and the SFCS were assessed. A significant difference was observed between the experimental group (a composite of the ADSCs with the SFCS) and the control group (ADSCs without the scaffold) following a culture period of 6 h (P<0.05). The differences in the results at the following time-points were statistically insignificant (P>0.05). The use of an MTT assay to assess the proliferation of the cells on the scaffold revealed that there were significant differences between the experimental and control groups following culture periods of 2 and 4 days (P<0.05). However, the results at the subsequent time-points were not statistically significantly different (P>0.05). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, was used to observe the cellular morphology following seeding, and this revealed that the cells displayed the desired morphology. The results indicate that ADSCs have a good biocompatibility with a SFCS and thus provide a foundation for further studies using tissue engineering methods for the repair of SCI.
Pharmacodynamics of Procainamide in Patients With Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias (1988)

The onset and offset of the electropharmacologic effect of procainamide was studied in nine patients with ventricular arrhythmias. Procainamide was given at a constant infusion rate of 0.27 +/- 0.05 mg/kg/min for 50 to 60 minutes to an average total dose of 15.5 +/- 4.4 mg/kg. The QRS interval (used as an index of electropharmacologic effect) at a paced cycle length of 500 ms, and the plasma procainamide concentration were measured simultaneously every 5 minutes during infusion and at frequent intervals for up to 4 hours during a washout period. The average peak plasma concentration was 15.8 +/- 9.6 micrograms/ml and the average maximum QRS interval prolongation was 23.9 +/- 6.8% from baseline. The temporal and static plasma concentration-effect relationships were evaluated by pharmacodynamic modeling and linear regression. For six patients, there was a minimal (less than 2 minutes) delay in the plasma concentration-effect relationship, and the data fit a linear relationship with an average slope of 3.2 +/- 1.1 msec/microgram/ml. For the other three patients, there was a significant delay (3, 10, and 18 minutes respectively) in the plasma concentration-effect relationship. In most patients, the electropharmacologic effect of procainamide is rapid and proportional to plasma concentration; but in a minority of patients, significant delay occurs and could influence the results and interpretation of electropharmacologic studies.
Towards High Energy 10 fs Laser Pulse via Regenerative pulse shaping (2010)

We demonstrated the use of regenerative pulse shaping approach to obtain ultrashort pulses with at the output of titanium: sapphire laser system. This scheme can be scaled to higher output energy and sub 10fs pulses.
Alternating current electric field effects on neural stem cell viability and differentiation (2010)

Methods utilizing stem cells hold tremendous promise for tissue engineering applications; however, many issues must be worked out before these therapies can be routinely applied. Utilization of external cues for preimplantation expansion and differentiation offers a potentially viable approach to the use of stem cells in tissue engineering. The studies reported here focus on the response of murine neural stem cells encapsulated in alginate hydrogel beads to alternating current electric fields. Cell viability and differentiation was studied as a function of electric field magnitude and frequency. We applied fields of frequency (0.1-10) Hz, and found a marked peak in neural stem cell viability under oscillatory electric fields with a frequency of 1 Hz. We also found an enhanced propensity for astrocyte differentiation over neuronal differentiation in the 1 Hz cultures, as compared to the other field frequencies we studied.
Stereospecific alkylation of substituted adenines by the Mitsunobu coupling reaction under microwave-assisted conditions (2014)

The Mitsunobu reaction under microwave-assisted conditions reveals a complete inversion of the stereogenic centre of the secondary alcohol giving an alkylated purine linked to a homochiral six-membered ring.
Mercury-based electrochemical detector for liquid chromatography for the detection of glutathione and other sulfur-containing compounds (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMercury-based electrochemical detector for liquid chromatography for the detection of glutathione and other sulfur-containing compoundsDallas L. Rabenstein and Rolf. SaetreCite this: Anal. Chem. 1977, 49, 7, 1036–1039Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50015a042https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50015a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views297Altmetric-Citations134LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Data from A CreER-Based Random Induction Strategy for Modeling Translocation-Associated Sarcomas in Mice (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Previously, we reported modeling synovial sarcomas in mice by conditionally expressing the human &lt;i&gt;t(X;18)&lt;/i&gt; translocation–derived SYT-SSX2 fusion protein in &lt;i&gt;Myf5&lt;/i&gt;-expressing myoblasts. Using a tamoxifen-inducible CreER system in mice, we show here that sporadic expression of SYT-SSX2 across multiple tissue types leads to exclusive formation of synovial sarcoma–like tumors, whereas its widespread expression is lethal. Certain clinical and histologic features of tumors in this new model suggest additional nonmyoblast origin for synovial sarcoma. CreER-based sporadic expression both avoids the severe early developmental phenotypes associated with widespread SYT-SSX2 expression and better models natural pathogenesis of cancers in which transformed cells usually arise within an environment of largely normal cells. Furthermore, this strategy may recapitulate multiple potential cellular origins within a single model system. [Cancer Res 2009;69(8):3657–64]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Fast measurement of fatty acid in soybean using reflective hyperspectral imaging&lt;/i&gt; (2019)

<b>Abstract.</b> <b><sc>.</sc></b> <b>Soybean is one of the major crops that are planted in a large number of areas, and is used widely in different purposes based on their traits. Soybean is one of the most food ingredients due to its rich nutrition, and also a potential source for biofuel. Different breeding programs have been working to develop new varieties with desired traits, which includes high oil content. this study aimed to test the potential of measuring the oil content of single soybean using a reflective hyperspectral imaging system. In this study, a push-broom hyperspectral imager was used to take hyperspectral images of 50 soybeans of two varieties respectively. The effects of different pretreatment methods on the classification model were compared. The feature bands for oleic acid and linoleic acid are extracted by successive projection algorithm. The results showed that the characteristic spectral curves of different varieties were different; the interest of region base overall seed has a stable spectral information among different seeds. After comparison, the classification model using base on raw spectral has optimal results, the classification accuracy of calibration set for oleic acid and linoleic acid are both 100%, the classification accuracy of validation set for oleic acid and linoleic acid are 90% and 93.3%, respectively. The results showed that the reflective hyperspectral imaging technology had the potential to achieve rapid non-destructive detection of single soybean components and to distinguish the level of soybean oil content.</b>