gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High operating temperature SWIR HgCdTe APDs for remote sensing (2014)

HgCdTe avalanche photodiode focal plane arrays (FPAs) and single element detectors have been developed for a large scope of photon starved applications. The present communication present the characteristics of our most recent detector developments that opens the horizon for low infrared (IR) photon number detection with high information conservation for imaging, atmospheric lidar and free space telecommunications. In particular, we report on the performance of TEC cooled large area detectors with sensitive diameters ranging from 30- 200 μm, characterised by detector gains of 2- 20 V/μW and noise equivalent input power of 0.1-1 nW for bandwidths ranging from 20 to 400 MHz.
Subject independent evaluation of eyebrows as a stand‐alone biometric (2021)

Abstract Considering challenges such as occlusions due to face coverings, ocular biometrics have risen as a potential remedy. Visible light ocular modalities use features extracted from in and around the eyes from ‘selfie’ captures for personal identification. A less‐visited ocular neighbourhood is the eyebrows region. Previous works on eyebrows have been mostly using subject‐specific verification protocols where identities overlap between the training and test sets and do not directly address the issue of doppelgangers and twins. Here, the evaluation of five deep learning models, lightCNN, ResNet, DenseNet, MobileNetV2, and SqueezeNet, for eyebrow‐based user authentication in a subject independent environment across different data sets, lighting conditions, resolutions, and facial expressions is done. Also a challenging simulated identical twins scenario in our training and testing data sets is presented. Our results show a 4.2% equal error rate (EER) and 0.993 area under the curve (AUC) on a subset of the FACES data set (154 subjects) and 6.8% EER, 0.978 AUC on a subset of the VISOB data set (350 subjects). Despite achieving promising accuracy during short‐term evaluations, the proposed methods showed lower accuracy when matching against long‐term data or when facing data captured under varying illumination and facial expressions.
Simulation-based temporal debugging of Linux (2000)

We present a temporal debugger, capable of examining temporal behaviour of operating systems. The debugger is based on a simulator modelling an entire workstation at the instruction level. Unlike traditional debuggers, which need to interfere with program execution, a simulation-based debugger can operate without disturbing time flow of the simulated system. This allows non-intrusive and reproducible debugging of general-purpose operating systems, such as Linux. We demonstrate the utility of the temporal debugger by analysing two time sensitive parts of Linux, scheduling and interrupt handling. We show how our tool allows a user to identify and isolate temporally unsatisfactory behaviour, and examine short sequences in detail.
High-precision current control through opposed current converters (2011)

Switch blanking time, also referred to as dead-time, is one of the dominant sources of output current and voltage distortion in pulse width modulated power amplifiers. Extensive studies are known on elimination, minimization, and compensation of the effect. Most techniques achieve a reduction of the distortion but are not capable of completely removing it. This paper demonstrates that it is possible to fully eliminate dead-time effects by applying the so-called opposed current converter topology in combination with decoupled output and bias current control. The bias current guarantees continuous conduction mode, resulting in almost linear behavior and no zero crossing distortion. The zero-crossing behavior of the opposed current converter is compared to a conventional full-bridge converter with equivalently filtered output. Simulations and measurements on a full-bridge and an opposed current converter of 1.5 kW are included to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed ideas for high-precision applications.
TDC Sharing in SPAD-Based Direct Time-of-Flight 3D Imaging Applications (2019)

TDC specifications are critical determinants of the range, resolution, and accuracy of SPAD-based TCSPC 3D imaging systems. In particular, the TDC conversion time plays a vital role in emerging architectures wherein TDCs are shared across the sensor array. Here, a statistical analytical model is employed to relate the number of required TDCs per SPAD array to the 3D image accuracy and frame rate, taking into account environmental factors such as ambient light and distance. The model verifies that sharing schemes, contrary to TDC-per-SPAD scheme, can improve efficient use of area and power, and it also permits TDC sharing architectural exploration to determine the number of TDCs required for given array size. Monte Carlo numerical simulations verify the accuracy of the proposed method.
2D Model for moisture diffusion in integrated Low-k dielectrics (2022)

This work presents a study of moisture diffusion inside integrated circuits. The targeted materials are low-k and SiCN dielectrics. Moisture diffusion in these two materials is studied through mass variations. In an integrated configuration, moisture penetration is monitored by capacitance variations. A 2D numerical simulation approach is presented to model the capacitance results using the bulk material properties as inputs.
Performance Improvement of SONOS Memory by Bandgap Engineering of Charge-Trapping Layer (2004)

A significant improvement in device performance and reliability characteristics of silicon-oxide-nitride-oxide-silicon (SONOS) Flash memory has been achieved. Superior endurance characteristic shows no sign of degradation even after 10/sup 6/ program/erase cycles and an extrapolated ten-year detection window of 1.4 V has been attained from retention measurement. The dramatic improvement results from a bandgap engineering of the SiN charge-trapping layer. With a gradual variation of the Si/N ratio from bottom to top of nitride film rather than uniform standard composition, a large number of highly accessible trapping levels are created in addition to the deepened barrier height between nitride and tunnel oxide that reduces back-tunneling probability. The proposed technique shall be valuable in pushing Flash memory technology into the next generation.
Constituents of Chinese Propolis and Their Antiproliferative Activities (2002)

Two new flavonoids, 3-O-[(S)-2-methylbutyroyl]pinobanksin (1) and 6-cinnamylchrysin (2), were isolated from the EtOAc-soluble fraction of the MeOH extract of Chinese propolis, along with 12 known compounds (3-14). The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical analyses. The isolated compounds were tested for their antiproliferative activity toward five different cancer cell lines. Benzyl caffeate (13) and phenethyl caffeate (14) showed potent antiproliferative activity toward tested cell lines with a selective activity toward colon 26-L5 carcinoma cell line (EC(50) values: 13, 1.01; 14, 0.30 microM).
Gated Feedback Recurrent Neural Networks (2015)

In this work, we propose a novel recurrent neural network (RNN) architecture. The proposed RNN, gated-feedback RNN (GF-RNN), extends the existing approach of stacking multiple recurrent layers by allowing and controlling signals flowing from upper recurrent layers to lower layers using a global gating unit for each pair of layers. The recurrent signals exchanged between layers are gated adaptively based on the previous hidden states and the current input. We evaluated the proposed GF-RNN with different types of recurrent units, such as tanh, long short-term memory and gated recurrent units, on the tasks of character-level language modeling and Python program evaluation. Our empirical evaluation of different RNN units, revealed that in both tasks, the GF-RNN outperforms the conventional approaches to build deep stacked RNNs. We suggest that the improvement arises because the GF-RNN can adaptively assign different layers to different timescales and layer-to-layer interactions (including the top-down ones which are not usually present in a stacked RNN) by learning to gate these interactions.
Systems' conflict Dimensions where Shared Resources Influence the Tasks Execution. (2007)

A short-term increase in dietary calcium intake, together with a normal protein intake, increased fecal fat and energy excretion by approximately 350 kJ/day. This observation may contribute to explain why a high-calcium diet produces weight loss, and it suggests that an interaction with dietary protein level may be important.
Concise Syntheses of Bacteriohopanetetrol and Its Glucosamine Derivative. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Computed Tomography as a Tool for Tolerance Verification of Industrial Parts (2013)

Computed tomography (CT) is becoming an important technology for industrial applications, enabling fast and accurate control of manufactured parts. In only a few minutes, a complete 3D model of a part may be obtained, allowing measurements of external and internal features. This paper presents results of tolerance verification of a plastic housing for an insulin pen manufactured by Novo Nordisk A/S. Calculation of measurement uncertainties was taken into account in decision making regarding the specified tolerance limits. Variables in terms of CT systems, data sets, and evaluation software are considered in this study.
TaCER1‐1A is involved in cuticular wax alkane biosynthesis in hexaploid wheat and responds to plant abiotic stresses (2019)

To protect above-ground plant organs from excessive water loss, their surfaces are coated by waxes. The genes involved in wax formation have been investigated in detail in Arabidopsis but scarcely in crop species. Here, we aimed to isolate and characterize a CER1 enzyme responsible for formation of the very long-chain alkanes present in high concentrations especially during late stages of wheat development. On the basis of comparative wax and transcriptome analyses of various wheat organs, we selected TaCER1-1A as a primary candidate and demonstrated that it was located to the endoplasmic reticulum, the subcellular compartment for wax biosynthesis. A wheat nullisomic-tetrasomic substitution line lacking TaCER1-1A had significantly reduced amounts of C<sub>33</sub> alkane, whereas rice plants overexpressing TaCER1-1A showed substantial increases of C<sub>25</sub> -C<sub>33</sub> alkanes relative to wild type control. Similarly, heterologous expression of TaCER1-1A in Arabidopsis wild type and the cer1 mutant resulted in increased levels of unbranched alkanes, iso-branched alkanes and alkenes. Finally, the expression of TaCER1-1A was found activated by abiotic stresses and abscisic acid treatment, resulting in increased production of alkanes in wheat. Taken together, our results demonstrate that TaCER1-1A plays an important role in wheat wax alkane biosynthesis and involved in responding to drought and other environmental stresses.
Antigen-induced proliferation in vitro of bone marrow precursors of granulocytes and macrophages. (1971)

The injection of polymerized flagellin into C57BL mice increased the number of granulocyte cluster-forming cells and macrophage colony-forming cells in the bone marrow. The addition of polymerized flagellin to agar cultures of bone marrow cells from normal or antigen-injected mice increased the number and growth rate of macrophage colonies developing when mouse serum was used as the source of colony stimulating factor (CSF). Polymerized flagellin had no potentiating effect on colony growth when urine or medium conditioned by bone marrow, spleen, lymph node or thymic cells were used as the source of CSF. Antigens may stimulate the proliferation of granulocyte and macrophage precursor cells by an indirect mechanism involving the production by bone marrow cells of CSF, or a similar growth promoting factor.
Deconvoluting Interspecies Bacterial Communication (2012)

The universal bacterial signal molecule autoinducer-2 (AI-2) is derived from 4,5-dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione (DPD). DPD exists in a complex equilibrium between multiple forms, and NMR spectroscopy has now been used to establish that the extent of the structural diversity displayed by DPD over a broad pH range is even greater than previously posited.
Quantitative cardiac SPECT reconstruction with reduced image degradation due to patient anatomy (1994)

Patient anatomy has complicated effects on cardiac SPECT images. The authors investigated reconstruction methods which substantially reduced these effects for improved image quality. A 3D mathematical cardiac-torso (MCAT) phantom which models the anatomical structures in the thorax region were used in the study. The phantom was modified to simulate variations in patient anatomy including regions of natural thinning along the myocardium, body size, diaphragmatic shape, gender, and size and shape of breasts for female patients. Distributions of attenuation coefficients and Tl-201 uptake in different organs in a normal patient were also simulated. Emission projection data were generated from the phantoms including effects of attenuation and detector response. The authors have observed the attenuation-induced artifacts caused by patient anatomy in the conventional FBP reconstructed images. Accurate attenuation compensation using iterative reconstruction algorithms and attenuation maps substantially reduced the image artifacts and improved quantitative accuracy. The authors conclude that reconstruction methods which accurately compensate for nonuniform attenuation can substantially reduce image degradation caused by variations in patient anatomy in cardiac SPECT.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Universal host materials for red, green and blue high-efficiency single-layer phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (2020)

As simplifying the device structure is a key step for the future of organic electronic, we report herein high efficiency universal host materials for red, green and blue Single-Layer Phosphorescent OLEDs.
浮选过程中Pb（II）活化闪锌矿的电化学研究 (2002)

将细粒闪锌矿压入热固结石墨聚合物基体中,便制成可重复使用的用于电化学动力学测量的电极.在闪锌矿电极被Pb(Ⅱ)活化后,采用循环伏安法测量乙基钾黄药加入前后的伏安曲线.将所得到的阳极曲线和阴极曲线与文献中的伏安曲线、石墨电极的洗提(stripping)分析结果、方铅矿的行为和被Cu(Ⅱ)活化的闪锌矿电极的行为进行了比较.结果表明,吸附在闪锌矿表面上的Pb(Ⅱ)以简单离子形态存在,其行为与在其还原和以离子交换与乙基黄药反应的Pb(OH)2类似.
Robust Bayesian Calibration of a k−ε Model for Compressible Jet-in-Crossflow Simulations (2018)

Compressible jet-in-crossflow interactions are difficult to simulate accurately using Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) models. This could be due to simplifications inherent in RANS or the use of inappropriate RANS constants estimated by fitting to experiments of simple or canonical flows. Our previous work on Bayesian calibration of a model to experimental data had led to a weak hypothesis that inaccurate simulations could be due to inappropriate constants more than model-form inadequacies of RANS. In this work, Bayesian calibration of constants to a set of experiments that span a range of Mach numbers and jet strengths has been performed. The variation of the calibrated constants has been checked to assess the degree to which parametric estimates compensate for RANS’s model-form errors. An analytical model of jet-in-crossflow interactions has also been developed, and estimates of constants that are free of any conflation of parametric and RANS’s model-form uncertainties have been obtained. It has been found that the analytical constants provide mean-flow predictions that are similar to those provided by the calibrated constants. Further, both of them provide predictions that are far closer to experimental measurements than those computed using “nominal” values of these constants simply obtained from the literature. It can be concluded that the lack of predictive skill of RANS jet-in-crossflow simulations is mostly due to parametric inadequacies, and our analytical estimates may provide a simple way of obtaining predictive compressible jet-in-crossflow simulations.
Phase II study of ipilimumab and nivolumab (ipi/nivo) in metastatic uveal melanoma (UM). (2019)

9522 Background: UM is the most common primary intraocular malignant tumor in adults. Approximately 40-50% of patients (pts) with UM will ultimately develop metastatic disease. There is currently no standard approach for metastatic UM. Early studies of single agent immunotherapy (IO) in metastatic UM have yielded meager results. Combination checkpoint inhibitor IO has the potential to improve response rates and survival. Herein, we report the safety and efficacy of ipi/nivo in metastatic UM. Methods: We performed a single-arm phase II study in metastatic UM (CA184-187) for pts with at least 1 measureable lesion and ECOG PS 0-1. Any number of prior treatments were permitted. Pts received nivolumab 1mg/kg IV plus ipilimumab 3mg/kg IV every 3 weeks for a total of 4 doses; maintenance nivolumab was dosed 3mg/kg every 2 weeks or 480mg IV every 4 weeks. The primary efficacy endpoint was best overall response rate (BORR) as determined by irRC. Secondary endpoints were median progression free survival (PFS), median overall survival (OS), and one-year OS. Results: As of the January 31, 2019 data cutoff, 39 pts were enrolled. 35 pts received at least one treatment and were evaluable for toxicity. 5 pts were inevaluable for response due to lack of follow-up imaging, leaving 30 pts evaluable for efficacy. 32 pts (91%) experienced any adverse event (AE), and 29 pts (83%) experienced any treatment related AE (TRAE). Grade 3-4 TRAEs occurred in 14 pts (40%). 10 pts (29%) were removed from the study due to AEs. There were no treatment-related deaths. Median duration of follow up is 60.5 weeks. 19 pts (63%) completed all 4 cycles of ipi/nivo; median duration of treatment was 16 weeks. The BORR was partial response for 5 pts (17%), stable disease (SD) for 16 pts (53%), and progression of disease for 9 pts (30%). 8 pts had SD for at least 6 months. Median PFS was 26 weeks. Median OS was 83 weeks (1.6 years), and one-year OS was 62%. Conclusions: Full results of ipi/nivo safety and efficacy including immune-related AE and clinical characteristics of the responders will be presented at the meeting. Preliminary translational tumor work including RNA analysis has been performed on a subset of responders. Clinical trial information: NCT01585194.
Debates in allergy medicine: Molecular allergy diagnosis with ISAC will replace screenings by skin prick test in the future (2017)

In today's clinical practice patients' skin is used as screening organ for diagnosing type 1 allergy. According to European guidelines skin prick testing with a panel of 18 allergen extracts is recommended, in the US between 10 to 50 allergens are used. The specificity and sensitivity of skin testing is individually highly variable depending on age, body mass, and skin barrier status. In atopic inflammation skin testing gives more false positive results. Smaller skin area and strain limits prick testing in small children. Although the risk for systemic reactions in skin prick testing is very small, emergency medications must be available. Considering the fact that IgE is the only reliable biomarker for type I allergy, upfront IgE screening with ISAC, followed by fewer skin tests to approve positive sensitizations, is proposed. It is time to arrive in the age of molecular allergy diagnosis in daily patient care.
Induction of differentiation by tumour necrosis factor in HL-60 cells is associated with the formation of large DNA fragments. (1991)

The DNA fragmentation induced by tumor necrosis factor (TNF) of differentiable human myeloid leukemic HL-60 cells has been further characterized. TNF increased the appearance of very high molecular weight DNA fragments detected by agarose gel electrophoresis. The use of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) revealed these fragments to be as high as 200-400 kilobase pairs. The pattern of HL-60 DNA fragmentation contrasted with that of U937 cells, which exhibited lower molecular weight, nucleosome multiple sized fragments, and greater cytotoxicity in response to TNF. The peak increase of fragments from HL-60 occurred between one and two hours of incubation, with TNF concentrations of 10 U/ml or higher, and was inhibitable by 1 mM Zn2+. Southern blotting of these fragments disclosed enrichment for c-myc related sequences compared with control probes including beta-actin and kappa and lambda light chains. Treatment of DNA with NotI or gamma-irradiation, followed by PFGE, disclosed a class of still higher molecular weight DNA, which decreased following TNF treatment, and which was apparently the precursor of the TNF-induced fragments. TNF thus rapidly increases a class of high molecular weight DNA fragments which are enriched for c-myc related sequences and may arise preferentially from higher molecular weight structures which are detectable following linearization by NotI or gamma-irradiation. Such major but non-random alterations in chromatin structure may contribute to TNF-induced monocytoid differentiation of HL-60.
Tamisolve® NxG as an Alternative Non-Toxic Solvent for the Preparation of Porous Poly (Vinylidene Fluoride) Membranes (2021)

Tamisolve<sup>®</sup> NxG, a well-known non-toxic solvent, was used for poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membranes preparation via a non-solvent-induced phase separation (NIPS) procedure with water as a coagulation bath. Preliminary investigations, related to the study of the physical/chemical properties of the solvent, the solubility parameters, the gel transition temperature and the viscosity of the polymer-solvent system, confirmed the power of the solvent to solubilize PVDF polymer for membranes preparation. The role of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and/or poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), as pore former agents in the dope solution, was studied along with different polymer concentrations (10 wt%, 15 wt% and 18 wt%). The produced membranes were then characterized in terms of morphology, thickness, porosity, contact angle, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). Pore size measurements, pore size distribution and water permeability (PWP) tests placed the developed membranes in the ultrafiltration (UF) and microfiltration (MF) range. Finally, PVDF membrane performances were investigated in terms of rejection (%) and permeability recovery ratio (PRR) using methylene blue (MB) in water solution to assess their potential application in separation and purification processes.
A Case of Concomitant Surgery for Funnel Chest and Ventricular Septal Defect (2013)

症例は10歳女児．生後心雑音を指摘され心室中隔欠損症（以下VSD）と診断された．経過観察されていたが，生後より認めた漏斗胸も目立ち始め，同時手術の適応も含め当院小児科・当科に紹介となった．体重26 kg，体表面積0.99 m2，心臓カテーテル検査で肺動脈圧平均15 mmHg，Qp/Qs＝1.1と肺高血圧なく合併奇形も認めなかった．心エコー所見と併わせ筋性型流出部VSDと診断した．漏斗胸は胸骨体尾部～剣状突起の陥凹で，CT indexは2.99であった．同時手術の方針とした．胸骨正中切開にて体外循環を確立し，心停止後右房アプローチでVSDをパッチ閉鎖した．心膜閉鎖後，左右胸腔にドレーンを挿入し，漏斗胸操作へ移行した．縦隔から胸腔に入り，直視下・指ガイドでテープを通した．止血を確認後，テープをガイドとして金属バーを挿入し，両端をスタビライザーで固定した．術後3時間で人工呼吸を離脱し，術翌日に一般病床へ転棟し経過順調であった．2年後，全身麻酔下にバーを抜去した．縦隔内，胸腔内ともに有意な癒着なく，抵抗なくバーは抜去でき，順調に経過した．
The 5′ untranslated region of cucumber mosaic virus RNA4 confers highly competitive activity on heterologous luciferase mRNA in cell‐free translation (1998)

The cell-free translation of virion RNAs of several tripartite RNA viruses has shown that RNA4, a subgenomic RNA, is more competitive than other virion RNAs. Recently, the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) RNA4 was identified to be a competitive determinant. In this study, we observed that the RNA4 of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), another tripartite RNA virus, was also found to be a strong competitor in translational competition among CMV virion RNAs. To identify the competitive determinant of CMV RNA4, we constructed various chimeric luciferase mRNAs containing RNA4 and/or vector-derived UTRs. The relative translations of luciferase-containing mRNA in the presence of a competitor mRNA showed that the 5' UTR, not the 3' UTR, substantially contributed to the highly competitive activity of CMV RNA4.