gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and Analysis of Practical Public-Key Encryption Schemes Secure against Adaptive Chosen Ciphertext Attack. (2001)

A new public key encryption scheme, along with several variants, is proposed and analyzed. The scheme and its variants are quite practical, and are proved secure against adaptive chosen ciphertext attack under standard intractability assumptions. These appear to be the first publickey encryption schemes in the literature that are simultaneously practical and provably secure. This paper is a significantly revised and extended version of the extended abstract “A practical public key cryptosystem provably secure against adaptive chosen ciphertext attack ” [R. Cramer and V. Shoup, in “Using hash functions as a hedge against chosen ciphertext attack ” [V. Shoup, in Advances in Cryptology – Eurocrypt 2000]. Contents
Blog information considered useful for book sales prediction (2010)

This paper presents a new method to find leading indicators of domestic book sales from conventional Blog information. Although Blog information is different from actual purchases, it will influence customer behaviors. They consider it would be useful for decision making of businesses and organizations. Main contributions of the paper are three fold: 1) As well as study on the US of an Internet bookstore, there is a correlation between book sales data and Blog information in Japan by discriminating judge of book with reference rate; 2) Some of the Blog information are effective to predict the lead-time between publishers and bookstores; and 3) Process is proposed to judge whether the information is valid as leading indicators.
Quadratic Regularization Design for 2-D CT (2008)

Statistical methods for tomographic image reconstruction have improved noise and spatial resolution properties that may improve image quality in X-ray computed tomography (CT). Penalized weighted least squares (PWLS) methods using conventional quadratic regularization lead to nonuniform and anisotropic spatial resolution due to interactions between the weighting, which is necessary for good noise properties, and the regularizer. Previously, we addressed this problem for parallel-beam emission tomography using matrix algebra methods to design data-dependent, shift-variant regularizers that improve resolution uniformity. This paper develops a fast angular integral mostly analytical (AIMA) regularization design method for 2-D fan-beam X-ray CT imaging, for which parallel-beam tomography is a special case. Simulation results demonstrate that the new method for regularization design requires very modest computation and leads to nearly uniform and isotropic spatial resolution in transmission tomography when using quadratic regularization.
Moliere's Use of Names in George Dandin (1981)

SUNY Brockport
Inversion-induced orbital and exchange disorders in antiferromagnetic A-site spinel CoAl2O4 (2018)

The inversion and volume effects on magnetism in a spinel-type magnetically frustrated compound, CoAl2O4, and its gallium-substituted system, CoAl2-xGaxO4, were investigated. Magnetically frustrated Co2+ with spin S = 3/2 on the tetrahedral site formed a diamond lattice in CoAl2O4 located in the vicinity of the magnetic phase boundary between Neel and spin-spiral states. In the Ga-substituted system, the number of Co ions, the so-called inversion h dominating the octahedral site, increased with increasing x. From comprehensive crystallographic, magnetic, and thermal measurements, increments of both volume and inversion strongly reduced the Neel point, while the latter also induced a spin-glass state above the critical value of hc = 0.09. In the spin glass state, h &gt; hc, the orbital degree of freedom of Co2+ ions in the octahedral site appeared in the magnetic entropy, which couples strongly with that of spin, even above the magnetic transitions. Above h ~ hc, the field-induced quenched magnetic moment appeared above the transitions. Therefore, a short range ordered state emerged among the paramagnetic, antiferromganetic, and spin-glass states in the magnetic phase diagram.
Transparent Polymeric Formulations Effective against SARS-CoV-2 Infection (2021)

The main route of the transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is through airborne small aerosol particles containing viable virus as well as through droplets transmitted between people within close proximity. Transmission via contaminated surfaces has also been recognized as an important route for the spread of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. Among a variety of antimicrobial agents currently in use, polymers represent a class of biocides that have become increasingly important as an alternative to existing biocidal approaches. Two transparent polymeric compounds, containing silver and benzalkonium ions electrostatically bound to a polystyrene sulfonate backbone, were synthesized, through simple procedures, and evaluated for their antimicrobial properties against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and <i>Candida albicans</i> (ISO EN 1276) and for their antiviral activity toward 229E and SARS-CoV-2 coronaviruses (ISO UNI EN 14476:2019). The results showed that the two tested formulations are able to inhibit the growth of (1.5-5.5) × 10<sup>11</sup> CFU of Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, and of the fungal species <i>Candida albicans</i>. Both compounds were able to control the 229E and SARS-CoV-2 infection of a target cell in a time contact of 5 min, with a virucidal effect from 24 to 72 h postinfection, according to the European Medicines Agency (EMA) guidelines, where a product is considered virucidal upon achieving a reduction of 4 logarithms. This study observed a decrease of more than 5 logarithms, which implies that these formulations are likely ideal candidates for the realization of transparent surface coatings that are capable of maintaining remarkable antibacterial activity and SARS-CoV-2 antiviral properties over time.
Hybridization potential between the rubber dandelion Taraxacum kok‐saghyz and common dandelion Taraxacum officinale (2018)

Abstract Taraxacum kok‐saghyz ( TK ) is a species of dandelion that is of interest commercially for the high‐quality rubber produced in its roots; however, TK competes poorly with weeds. In order to overcome this shortcoming, there is interest in developing herbicide‐resistant TK germplasm by a variety of means, including selection, transgene insertion, and gene editing. The potential release of such germplasm raises the question of gene flow between TK and its ubiquitous weedy relative, the common dandelion, Taraxacum officinale ( TO ). The potential for introgression may be influenced by the reproductive biology of TO , which can exist as a diploid sexual or polyploid obligate apomict. In North America, only polyploid, apomictic TO has been described. As weedy TO types exhibit obligate apomixis, they are expected to be unreceptive to TK pollen; however, it may still be possible for them to pollinate TK . To this end, unidirectional crosses were conducted and progeny were evaluated with molecular markers. Taraxacum officinale pollen used to fertilize TK flowers produced low seed set and seeds with a low germination rate. However, 23% of rare viable progeny proved to be the result of true hybridization. Outdoor TK seed production areas heavily contaminated with TO were also screened for naturally occurring hybridization during a three‐year period using a combined strategy of both phenotyping (~3.35 million plants) and genotyping. Hybrids were detected during one of these years, at a rate of 1 in 100,000, when pollination was augmented with beehives. Hybrids from controlled crosses exhibited TO characteristics, such as lacerate leaves and apomixis. Some apomictic hybrids were able to produce viable seeds, whereas non‐apomicts were sterile. Seeds produced by apomictic hybrids demonstrated the ability to establish and produce apomictic progeny when in competition with perennial ryegrass. The prevalence of apomixis in TO may limit subsequent pollen‐mediated gene flow and introgression, but more work is needed to understand the longevity of apomictic hybrids under natural conditions.
Thymosin beta-10 accelerates apoptosis. (1995)

The 5 Kd (MW), retinoic acid responsive thymosin beta-10 protein is expressed at relatively high levels in embryonic tissues, and its mRNA is abundant in a variety of tumors and tumor cell lines. Recently this protein (together with other members of the same protein family) was found to be a major intracellular G-actin binding protein. In the present study, plasmid-driven overexpression of thymosin beta-10 gene results in increased susceptibility of permanently transfected fibroblasts to undergo apoptosis. Conversely, knockout of the endogenous gene via overexpression of the antisense mRNA inhibited cell death induced by TNF-alpha and calcium ionophore A23187. Differential expression of thymosin beta-10 influenced cell proliferation, cell morphology, and expression/distribution of the antiapoptotic protein bcl-2. The presence of increased cytoplasmic thymosin beta-10 precipitated significant disruption of phalloidin-stained actin stress fibers while knockout of thymosin expression promoted F-actin assembly. These and other observations suggest that thymosin beta-10 (a) plays a significant and possibly obligatory role in cellular processes controlling apoptosis possibly by acting as an actin-mediated tumor suppressor, (b) perhaps functions as a neoapoptotic influence during embryogenesis, and (c) may mediate some of the pro-apoptotic anticancer actions of retinoids.
Gold Nanoparticles Provide Bright Long-Lasting Vascular Contrast for CT Imaging (2013)

Gold nanoparticles can provide clear and durable contrast enhancement of the vasculature even at 24 hours. These findings merit further study of gold nanoparticles for their potential as a contrast agent in CT and CT-guided interventional procedures.
Abstract 5525: Antitumor effect of Realgar in combination with chemotherapy drugs on human gastric cancer cells (2014)

Abstract Background: Realgar, a Chinese traditional medicine, of which the main component is arsenic sulfide (As4A4), has potentially anti-tumor property in various cancers. We aimed to study the antitumor effect of Realgar in combination with chemotherapy drugs on human gastric cancer cells. Methods: Human gastric cancer AGS cells were treated with Realgar in combination with Oxaliplatin, Irinotecan, Cisplatin, 5-FU and docetaxol with escalating dose level. Antitumor effect was measured by 24,48-hr growth inhibition by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, and cell morphology was observed under microscope. Results: Realgar in combination with chemotherapy drugs exhibited a dose-dependent and time-dependent cytotoxic effect on AGS cells. The combination of Realgar and Irinotecan or Cisplatin showed the most potent synergistic effect. Conclusions: Realgar combined with chemotherapy drugs such as Irinotecan or Cisplatin has potent antitumor effect on human gastric cancer cells. Further mechanistic and animal studies are being performed. Citation Format: Lian Zhang, Sungkyoung Kim, Wenping Ding, Leizhen Zheng, Li Zhang, Yingying Tong, Siyu Chen. Antitumor effect of Realgar in combination with chemotherapy drugs on human gastric cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5525. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5525
Recent Advances in the Design of High-Field dc Solenoid Magnets (1958)

The art of dc solenoid design is re-examined with the objective of maximizing magnetic field at the expense of volume and homogeneity, while providing axial access at the largest feasible angular aperture. Solenoids of this type would provide higher fields for the investigation of cyclotron resonance and magneto-optical effects in thin specimens at far-infrared frequencies where limitations of source intensity and detector sensitivity require large-aperture optics and preclude the use of pulsed magnets. Heat transfer experiments indicate that under conditions of nucleate boiling it is possible to transfer heat across a copper-water interface at more than ten times the rate of 200 w/cm2 which served as the basis for Bitter's design some twenty years ago. Transfer rates of 2500 w/cm2 were achieved in a 0.010×0.20-in. rectangular flow channel and at a copper temperature of only 114°C. Two modified Bitter solenoids and a new, tape-wound wide-aperture solenoid were designed to dissipate the maximum power of 1700 kw supplied by Professor Bitter's generator at MIT through a considerably reduced transfer area and thus provide higher fields in smaller volumes. The design and preliminary performance data are described.
Characterization of the microbial community in the anaerobic/oxic/anoxic process combined with sludge ozonation and phosphorus adsorption (2009)

In this study, the microbial community in the anaerobic/oxic/anoxic (A/O/A) process combined with sludge ozonation and phosphorus recovery was characterized by using phosphorus uptake rate (PUR) analysis and PCR-cloning analysis. Despite effective phosphorus removal, PUR analysis indicated a lower activity of both polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs) and denitrifying PAOs (DNPAOs) than in other systems utilizing DNPAOs. This result suggested that endogenous denitrifying bacteria actively contributed to denitrification. The PCR-cloning analysis revealed that Bacteroidetes was most prominent in the process, followed by Betaproteobacteria and Alphaproteobacteria. For Bacteroidetes, most of the sequences obtained in this study were not closely related to isolates. On the other hand, for the Alphaproteobacteria, the genera Amaricoccus, Aminobacter, Hyphomicrobium, and Paracoccus, which have the ability both to accumulate poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) and to reduce nitrate to nitrite, were detected. For the Betaproteobacteria, which are major denitrifying bacteria in wastewater treatment systems, the genera Dechloromonas and Zoogloea, were identified. Organisms belonging to the family Comamonadaceae, some of which have been reported as being primary poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV)-degrading denitrifying bacteria, also existed in the system. Major PAOs/DNPAOs, Rhodocyclus-related PAOs and Actinobacterial PAOs, were not detected, suggesting that unknown PAOs/DNPAOs could have played an important role for phosphorus removal.
Molecular associations in nonaqueous solvents. II. Temperature effects on thermodynamics of dye-dye interaction in benzene (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMolecular associations in nonaqueous solvents. II. Temperature effects on thermodynamics of dye-dye interaction in benzeneRichard C. Graham, Gary H. Henderson, Edward M. Eyring, and Earl M. WoolleyCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1974, 19, 4, 297–298Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/je60063a009https://doi.org/10.1021/je60063a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views43Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Nitrogen and phosphorus balances on Finnish dairy farms (2005)

The calculation of whole-farm nutrient balance is an effective and simple method for estimating the potential nutrient loading from dairy farming into the environment. In Finland, however, the published results based on larger number of farms are still lacking. In this study whole-farm nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) balances on Finnish dairy farms were studied based on short-cut data for the year 2002. The survey was targeted to 1260 dairy farms, located all over Finland. Of the 386 replies received, 319 were used for subsequent statistical analyses. The association between selected farm variables and nutrient balance was studied using regression analysis and a sensitivity coefficient was calculated for each regression slope. The average (± standard deviation) whole-farm nutrient balance for N and P was 109 (±41.3) and 12 (±7.2) kg ha-1, respectively. The most responsive factors affecting the nutrient balances were total nutrient and fertilizer import per ha, followed by animal density, milk export per ha and concentrate import per ha. The results suggested that nutrient surpluses could be controlled more easily in combined crop and milk than in specialised milk production. It is concluded that nutrient surplus on Finnish dairy farms is markedly lower than that on areas with intensive production in central European countries. However, when nutrient balances were extrapolated to comparable production intensity as in central Europe, the level of the surpluses was equal.;
Multi-modal Factorized Bilinear Pooling with Co-attention Learning for Visual Question Answering (2017)

Visual question answering (VQA) is challenging because it requires a simultaneous understanding of both the visual content of images and the textual content of questions. The approaches used to represent the images and questions in a fine-grained manner and questions and to fuse these multimodal features play key roles in performance. Bilinear pooling based models have been shown to outperform traditional linear models for VQA, but their high-dimensional representations and high computational complexity may seriously limit their applicability in practice. For multimodal feature fusion, here we develop a Multi-modal Factorized Bilinear (MFB) pooling approach to efficiently and effectively combine multi-modal features, which results in superior performance for VQA compared with other bilinear pooling approaches. For fine-grained image and question representation, we develop a `co-attention' mechanism using an end-to-end deep network architecture to jointly learn both the image and question attentions. Combining the proposed MFB approach with co-attention learning in a new network architecture provides a unified model for VQA. Our experimental results demonstrate that the single MFB with co-attention model achieves new state-of-theart performance on the real-world VQA dataset. Code available at https://github.com/yuzcccc/mfb.
Gray Learning from Non-IID Data with Out-of-distribution Samples (2022)

The integrity of training data, even when annotated by experts, is far from guaranteed, especially for non-IID datasets comprising both in- and out-of-distribution samples. In an ideal scenario, the majority of samples would be in-distribution, while samples that deviate semantically would be identified as out-of-distribution and excluded during the annotation process. However, experts may erroneously classify these out-of-distribution samples as in-distribution, assigning them labels that are inherently unreliable. This mixture of unreliable labels and varied data types makes the task of learning robust neural networks notably challenging. We observe that both in- and out-of-distribution samples can almost invariably be ruled out from belonging to certain classes, aside from those corresponding to unreliable ground-truth labels. This opens the possibility of utilizing reliable complementary labels that indicate the classes to which a sample does not belong. Guided by this insight, we introduce a novel approach, termed \textit{Gray Learning} (GL), which leverages both ground-truth and complementary labels. Crucially, GL adaptively adjusts the loss weights for these two label types based on prediction confidence levels. By grounding our approach in statistical learning theory, we derive bounds for the generalization error, demonstrating that GL achieves tight constraints even in non-IID settings. Extensive experimental evaluations reveal that our method significantly outperforms alternative approaches grounded in robust statistics.
Fat Consumption and Its Association With Age-Related Macular Degeneration (2009)

A diet low in trans-unsaturated fat and rich in omega-3 fatty acids and olive oil may reduce the risk of AMD.
Purification and properties of endo-alpha-1,3-glucanase from a Streptomyces chartreusis strain (1981)

An enzyme hydrolyzing the water-insoluble glucans produced from sucrose by Streptococcus mutans was purified from the culture concentrate of Streptomyces chartreusis strain F2 by ion-exchange chromatography on diethylaminoethyl cellulose and carboxymethyl cellulose columns and gel filtration on Bio-Gel A-1.5m. The purification achieved was 6.4-fold, with an overall yield of 27.3%. Electrophoresis of the purified enzyme protein gave a single band on a sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel slab. Its molecular weight was estimated to be approximately 68,000, but there is a possibility that the native enzyme exists in an aggregated form or is an oligomer of the peptide subunits, have a molecular weight larger than 300,000. The pH optimum of the enzyme was 5.5 to 6.0, and its temperature optimum was 55 degrees C. The enzyme lost activity on heating at 65 degrees C for 10 min. The enzyme activity was completely inhibited by the presence of 1 mM Mn2+, Hg2+, Cu2+, Ag2+, or Merthiolate. The Km value for the water-insoluble glucan of S. mutans OMZ176 was an amount of glucan equivalent to 1.54 mM glucose, i.e., 0.89 mM in terms of the alpha-1,3-linked glucose residue. The purified enzyme was specific for glucans containing an alpha-1,3-glucosidic linkage as the major bond. The enzyme hydrolyzed the S. mutans water-insoluble glucans endolytically, and the products were oligosaccharides. These results indicate that the enzyme elaborated by S. chartreusis strain F2 is an endo-alpha-1,3-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.59).
Productive and Nonproductive Complexes of Ku and DNA-Dependent Protein Kinase at DNA Termini (1998)

DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) is the only eukaryotic protein kinase known to be specifically activated by double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) termini, accounting for its importance in repair of dsDNA breaks and its role in physiologic processes involving dsDNA breaks, such as V(D)J recombination. In this study we conducted kinase and binding analyses using DNA-PK on DNA termini of various lengths in the presence and absence of Ku. We confirmed our previous observations that DNA-PK can bind DNA termini in the absence of Ku, and we determined rate constants for binding. However, in the presence of Ku, DNA-PK can assume either a productive or a nonproductive configuration, depending on the length of the DNA terminus. For dsDNA greater than 26 bp, the productive mode is achieved and Ku increases the affinity of the DNA-PK for the Ku:DNA complex. The change in affinity is achieved by increases in both the kinetic association rate and reduction in the kinetic dissociation rate. For dsDNA smaller than 26 bp, the nonproductive mode, in which DNA-PK is bound to Ku:DNA but is inactive as a kinase, is assumed. Both the productive and nonproductive configurations are likely to be of physiologic importance, depending on the distance of the dsDNA break site to other protein complexes, such as nucleosomes.