gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition of SrTiO3 thin films with Sr(tmhd)2 and Ti(i-OPr)4 (2002)

SrTiO 3 (STO) thin films were deposited in the deposition temperature range of 250–350 °C by plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) with Sr(tmhd)2 (tmhd=tetramethyl heptanedionate) and Ti(i-OPr)4 (i-OPr=iso-propoxide) as a precursor. Two precursors were dissolved in tetrahydrofuran, delivered into the vaporizer separately by a newly developed pulse injection method, and the vapor mixture was introduced into the reactor. An argon purge was inserted after the precursor injection and afterward, plasma was generated with the oxygen introduction. Deposition rate was saturated at 0.3–0.4 Å/cycle. Despite the poor volatility of Sr(tmhd)2, SrTiO3 thin films were reproducibly deposited and using plasma activated O2 gas as an oxidant, films could be deposited at low temperature with carbon residue of STO thin films minimized. Step coverage of both SrO and SrTiO3 were above 90% due to the self-limiting growth behavior of atomic layer deposition process.
Muscle insulin resistance: assault by lipids, cytokines and local macrophages (2010)

Altered intramuscular lipid metabolism, circulating cytokines, and inflammatory macrophage infiltration of muscle tissue have been recently linked to muscle insulin resistance provoked by fatty acids. Each is analysed separately in this review, but they may act simultaneously and synergistically to render skeletal muscle insulin-resistant.
Comparative study of spray booth filter system efficiency. Report for January 1994--September 1996 (1997)

The paper summarizes results of research conducted to determine the capability of various dry paint overspray arrestor systems to capture particles as small as about 1 micrometer in surface diameter. The testing used an optical particle counter to determine the concentration of particles of a given size fraction to penetrate a test arrestor system.
Cyclosporine-Induced Anaphylaxis (2000)

In addition to earlier reports about anaphylactic reactions after administration of an intravenous or oral solution of cyclosporine, this case shows that anaphylactic shock can occur after ingestion of cyclosporine capsules.
Shape memory materials (1998)

1. Introduction K. Otsuka and C. M. Wayman 2. Mechanism of shape memory effect and superelasticity K. Otsuka and C. M. Wayman 3. Ti-Ni shape memory alloys T. Saburi 4. Cu-based shape memory alloys T. Tadaki 5. Ferrous shape memory alloys T. Maki 6. Fabrication of shape memory alloys Y. Suzuki 7.Characteristics of shape memory alloys J. Van Humbeeck, R. Stalmans 8. Shape memory ceramics K. Uchino 9. Shape memory polymers M. Irie 10. General applications of SMA's and smart materials K. N. Melton 11. The design of shape memory alloy actuators and their applications I. Ohkata and Y. Suzuki 12. Medical and dental applications of shape memory alloys S. Miyazaki.
Abstract 12037: Tricuspid Annular Area and Leaflets Stretch Are Associated With Functional Tricuspid Regurgitation - Insights From Three-Dimensional Transesophageal Echocardiography (2022)

Background: The presence of functional tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is associated with mortality and morbidity. Although uniform management with a tricuspid annuloplasty ring is currently considered as a standard surgical procedure, high rates of residual TR despite annuloplasty are reported. Therefore, the identification of the TR mechanisms would be necessary to provide personalized treatment for each TR patient. Methods: This study population consisted of 106 patients with mitral regurgitation (MR) who were scheduled for procedure. Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography were performed prior to mitral valve intervention. We performed three-dimensional quantitative assessment including tricuspid annular (TA) area and the distance between the three commissures of tricuspid valve. Results: Moderate or greater TR was detected in 23 (22%). TA area (P &lt; 0.01) and the distance between septum length (SL) (P = 0.02) and posterior length (PL) (p = 0.02) were significantly associated with moderate or greater TR, while TA diameter assessed using trans thoracic echocardiography was not. When patients were divided into four groups according to SL and PL, the group with longer SL and PL had greater risk of moderate or greater TR (P &lt;0.01). Conclusions: Larger TA area and longer SL and PL, which represents limiting the amount of leaflet coaptation resulting from greater stretch of leaflets, are associated with functional TR in in patients with severe MR. The restoration of leaflet coaptation with autologous pericardial patch in addition to tricuspid annuloplasty ring may avoid or delay progression of residual TR and improve prognosis in patients with severe MR.
CHAIN GROWTH IN THE FISCHER-TROPSCH SYNTHESIS (1987)

Methanation and hydrocarbon synthesis from CO and H$\\sb2$ was studied using 10 wt% Ni/Al$\\sb2$O$\\sb3$ and 10 wt% Fe/Al$\\sb2$O$\\sb3$ catalysts at 1 atm. Transient responses to the switches between various feed mixtures, especially isotopically labeled feeds, to a gradientless microreactor were used to obtain information on the amounts and reactivities of intermediates on and in the catalysts. On Ni/Al$\\sb2$O$\\sb3$, about 0.5 monolayer of adsorbed CO and smaller amounts of C are present during reaction. Infrared and CO/D$\\sb2$ suggest that significant amounts of CH$\\sb{\\rm x}$ (x = 1-3) are not present. Chain growth experiments with $\\sp{13}$CO/H$\\sb2$ indicate that the hydrocarbons are formed primarily from C, but the results also indicate that the process is not fully understood. All steps in methanation and chain growth appear to be fast, except for the limiting steps CO$\\sp\\* \\to$ C and C $\\to$ CH. On Fe/Al$\\sb2$O$\\sb3$, methanation and chain growth occur via CH, with all steps except the initial conversion of CH apparently being fast. Bulk iron carbides and an inactive form of carbon, different from C on Ni/Al$\\sb2$O$\\sb3$, do not participate significantly. The CH deactivates slowly with time on stream; only a small portion produces most of the products after 2 h on stream.^ Other work concerned H$\\sb2$ chemisorption on various supported metal catalysts. Using TPD, an unusual spike was found after low temperature adsorption on Ru/SiO$\\sb2$. The activated adsorption of H$\\sb2$ on Fe/SiO$\\sb2$, Fe/Al$\\sb2$O$\\sb3$, Ni/AlO$\\sb3$, and Rh/TiO$\\sb2$ was compared. It was suggested that, by analogy to titania-supported metals, the origin of the activation barrier may lie in a decoration phenomenon. It was proposed that SiO$\\sb{\\rm x}$ and AlO$\\sb{\\rm x}$ species may have been derived from small amounts of support which dissolved in the impregnating solution. ^
Burst Mode Optical Receiver With 10  ns Lock Time Based on Concurrent DC Offset and Timing Recovery Technique (2018)

This paper describes a low-power, low-latency, 7&#x2013;10&#x2009;&#x2009;Gb/s burst-mode DC-coupled receiver for photonic switch networks. The receiver includes a transimpedance amplifier (TIA) followed by a three-stage differential amplifier. For burst-mode operation, DC and timing recovery loops work concurrently in the proposed architecture to achieve 5.8&#x00A0;ns lock time. The DC recovery loop employs a successive approximation algorithm to recover signal-dependent offset that takes only six cycles of C8 (1/8th of data rate) clock. The timing recovery uses a quarter-rate injection scheme that is immune to duty cycle distortion. The recovered clock jitter is 10&#x00A0;ps p-p for 10&#x2009;&#x2009;Gb/s operation. The receiver consumes only 33&#x00A0;mW while operating at 10&#x2009;&#x2009;Gb/s, and less than 2&#x00A0;mW (leakage power and bias circuit) during idle time. The completely inductor-less receiver occupies a 465&#x2009;&#x2009;&#x03BC;m&#x00D7;265&#x2009;&#x2009;&#x03BC;m area in 0.13&#x00A0;&#x03BC;m technology.
The Presence of Bound Cyanide in the Naturally Inactivated Form of Nitrate Reductase of Chlorella vulgaris (1974)

Abstract In the presence of NADH and cyanide, NADH-nitrate oxidoreductase (EC 1.6.6.1) from Chlorella vulgaris is converted to an inactive form which is readily reactivated by ferricyanide. Experiments with H14CN indicated that the inactivation process is associated with the firm binding to the protein of 0.066 nmole of cyanide per unit of enzyme inactivated. This cyanide binding was linearly proportional to the amount of inactivation. No firm cyanide binding and no inactivation occurred in the absence of NADH or an equivalent reductant. The bound 14C was released when the enzyme was reactivated by ferricyanide. After the cells had been treated with ammonia for several hours prior to disruption, the crude cell extracts contained the nitrate reductase primarily in the inactive form. Critical examination of the methods of cell disruption suggested that the inactivation of the enzyme had truly occurred in vivo. After 300-fold purification, activation of this in vivo inactivated enzyme resulted in the release of 0.066 nmole of HCN per unit of enzyme activated. We conclude that the inactivation of nitrate reductase in vivo involves the formation of a firmly bound complex of reduced enzyme and cyanide. The reaction between reduced enzyme and HCN may be written: Er + HCN (ka)/⇄/(kd) Er-HCN The measured value for ka was 1.25 x 106 m-1 min-1, for kd, 4.5 x 10-4 min-1, giving a dissociation constant, Kd = 3.6 x 10-10 m.
Discovery of a Small-Molecule Inhibitor Targeting the Androgen Receptor N-Terminal Domain for Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (2023)

The current mainstay therapeutic strategy for advanced prostate cancer is to suppress androgen receptor (AR) signaling. However, castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) invariably arises with restored AR signaling activity. To date, the AR ligand-binding domain (LBD) is the only targeted region for all clinically available AR signaling antagonists, such as enzalutamide (ENZ). Major resistance mechanisms have been uncovered to sustain the AR signaling in CRPC despite these treatments, including AR amplification, AR LBD mutants, and the emergence of AR splice variants (AR-Vs) such as AR-V7. AR-V7 is a constitutively active truncated form of AR that lacks the LBD; thus, it can not be inhibited by AR LBD-targeting drugs. Therefore, an approach to inhibit AR through the regions outside of LBD is urgently needed. In this study, we have discovered a novel small molecule SC428, which directly binds to the AR N-terminal domain (NTD) and exhibits pan-AR inhibitory effect. SC428 potently decreased the transactivation of AR-V7, ARv567es, as well as full-length AR (AR-FL) and its LBD mutants. SC428 substantially suppressed androgen-stimulated AR-FL nuclear translocation, chromatin binding, and AR-regulated gene transcription. Moreover, SC428 also significantly attenuated AR-V7-mediated AR signaling that does not rely on androgen, hampered AR-V7 nuclear localization, and disrupted AR-V7 homodimerization. SC428 inhibited in vitro proliferation and in vivo tumor growth of cells that expressed a high level of AR-V7 and were unresponsive to ENZ treatment. Together, these results indicated the potential therapeutic benefits of AR-NTD targeting for overcoming drug resistance in CRPC.
A Multidisciplinary Breast Cancer Brain Metastases Clinic: The University of North Carolina Experience (2020)

Breast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM) confers a poor prognosis and is unusual in requiring multidisciplinary care in the metastatic setting. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH) has created a BCBM clinic to provide medical and radiation oncology, neurosurgical, and supportive services to this complex patient population. We describe organization and design of the clinic as well as characteristics, treatments, and outcomes of the patients seen in its first 3 years.
SAR and power implications of different RF shimming strategies in the pelvis for 7T MRI (2009)

RF shimming can reduce the SAR and improve power efficiency in an accurate patient model without knowing the electric field. However, choosing the right method is critical to prevent unexpected behavior in local SAR deposition.
Effect of energy storage on variations in wind power (2005)

Irregularities in power output are characteristic of intermittent energy, sources such as wind energy, affecting both the power quality and planning of the energy system. In this work the effects of energy storage to reduce wind power fluctuations are investigated. Integration of the energy storage with wind power is modelled using a filter approach in which a time constant corresponds to the energy storage capacity. The analyses show that already a relatively small energy storage capacity of 3 kWh (storage) per MW wind would reduce the short-term power fluctuations of an individual wind turbine by 10%. Smoothing out the power fluctuation of the wind turbine on a yearly level would necessitate large storage, e.g. a 10% reduction requires 2–3 MWh per MW wind. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Millimeter-wave large-scale phased-arrays for 5G systems (2015)

This talk will present our latest work on silicon RFICs for phased-array applications with emphasis on very large chips with built-in-self-test capabilities for 5G systems. SiGe is shown to be ideal for mm-wave applications due to its high temperature performance (automotive radars, base-stations, defense systems, etc.) and lower power consumption. These chips drastically reduce the cost of microwave and millimeter-wave phased arrays by combining many elements on the same chip, together with digital control and some cases, high-efficiency antennas. The phased-array chips also result in an easier packaging scheme using either a multi-layer PCB or wafer-level packages. We believe that this family of chips will be essential for millimeter-wave 5G communication systems.
[Levels and molecular heterogeneity of serotonin transporter protein in platelets of patients with different mental diseases: a comparative analysis with the use of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies]. (2001)

Polyclonal (PAb) and monoclonal (MAb) antibodies to CT2-epitope of the C-terminal fragment of serotonin transporter (SERT) protein were used to study the levels and molecular heterogeneity of platelet SERT in healthy donors and patients with affective (AD) and somatoform (SD) disorders, schizoaffective disorder (SAD) and schizophrenia. SERT was found to exist as high molecular wight (HMW) and low molecular weight (LMW) forms separated after electrophoresis. The levels of HMW and LMW forms of SERT were significantly, decreased in mentally ill patients as compared to healthy individuals. Unlike PAb, horse radish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated MAbs were more sensitive and specific to SERT and could detect the LMW form of SERT as a duplet protein form with MW about 40 and 43 kDa. The MAb to CT2 C-terminal fragment of SERT conjugated with HRP is considered to be a new valuable tool for further investigation of SERT expression, properties, and posttranslation modification in the controls and in patients with different psychopathology.
Gaussian Processes for Machine Learning (GPML) Toolbox (2010)

The GPML toolbox provides a wide range of functionality for Gaussian process (GP) inference and prediction. GPs are specified by mean and covariance functions; we offer a library of simple mean and covariance functions and mechanisms to compose more complex ones. Several likelihood functions are supported including Gaussian and heavy-tailed for regression as well as others suitable for classification. Finally, a range of inference methods is provided, including exact and variational inference, Expectation Propagation, and Laplace's method dealing with non-Gaussian likelihoods and FITC for dealing with large regression tasks.
Mammalian cell transfection: the present and the future (2010)

Transfection is a powerful analytical tool enabling study of the function of genes and gene products in cells. The transfection methods are broadly classified into three groups; biological, chemical, and physical. These methods have advanced to make it possible to deliver nucleic acids to specific subcellular regions of cells by use of a precisely controlled laser-microscope system. The combination of point-directed transfection and mRNA transfection is a new way of studying the function of genes and gene products. However, each method has its own advantages and disadvantages so the optimum method depends on experimental design and objective.
Influence of Electropulsing Treatments on Mechanical Properties of UNS S32750 Duplex Stainless Steel (2020)

Prestrained at 5% and 15% duplex stainless steel UNS S32750 specimens have been subjected to electropulsing treatments with current density of 100 A/mm2 and 200 A/mm2 and 100 and 500 pulses for each current density value. Corrosion tests, X-ray diffraction, microhardness and residual stresses were collected before and after the electropulsing treatments. Tensile tests were performed after the electropulsing treatments in order to compare the mechanical response to the reference tensile tests performed before the pulsing treatments. Increase in fracture strain was observed after the pulsing treatment in comparison to the reference tensile tests. A decrease in microhardness was also observed after the electropulsing treatments for both degrees of prestrain. Electropulsing treatment almost eliminates the work-hardened state in the 5% prestrained specimens while partially recovered the 15% prestrained material increasing both uniform and fracture strain. The bulk temperature of the samples remained the same for all the duration of the treatments. The effect are to be addressed to a combined effect of the increase in atomic flux due to the electrical current and local joule heating in correspondence of crystal defects. Electropulsing treatment applied to metallic alloys is a promising technique to reduce the work hardening state without the need of annealing treatments in a dedicated furnace.
New susceptibility breakpoints in antimicrobial resistance rates of invasive pneumococcal strains Novos pontos de corte de sensibilidade nas taxas de resistência antimicrobiana de cepas invasivas de pneumococo (2009)

Objective: To evaluate the impact of new penicillin susceptibility breakpoints on resistance rates of pneumococcal strains collected from children with pneumonia. Methods: Pneumococcal strains collected from patients admitted with pneumonia were isolated at the clinical analysis lab of Hospital de Clinicas de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil, and sent to Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Sao Paulo, Brazil, for further identification, serotyping and determination of antimicrobial susceptibility. Results: From April 1999 to December 2008, 330 strains of pneumococcus were sent to Instituto Adolfo Lutz; of these, 195 (59%) were collected from patients with pneumonia. One hundred strains collected from patients ≤ 12 years old were analyzed. The patients’ age ranged from 1 to 12.6 years old (with mean age of 2.4 and median of 1.7 years). Forty-seven patients were male. The strains were isolated from blood (42%) and pleural fluid (58%). There were 35 oxacillin-resistant strains: according to the criteria defined by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) in 2007 [minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ≤ 0.06 µg/mL for susceptibility (S), 0.12 to 1 µg/mL for intermediate resistance (IR), and ≥ 2 µg/mL for full resistance (FR)], 22 strains had IR and 11 strains had FR. According to the current breakpoints defined by the CLSI in 2008 (≤ 2 µg/mL for S, 4 µg/mL for IR and ≥ 8 µg/mL for FR), only one strain had IR to penicillin. There was resistance to co-trimoxazole (80%), tetracycline (21%), erythromycin (13%), clindamycin (13%), and ceftriaxone (one strain simultaneously resistant to penicillin). Conclusions: When the new breakpoints for in vitro susceptibility were applied, penicillin resistance rates dropped 97%, from 33 to 1%.
Measurement of a Follicle-Stimulating Hormone-Responsive Protein of Sertoli Cell Origin Using an Enzyme-Linked Immunoblot Assay* (1986)

Many proteins secreted by Sertoli cell-enriched cultures are maximally stimulated by a combination of FSH and testosterone. Since very few are stimulated primarily by FSH, we thought it pertinent to identify such proteins. Sertoli cell-enriched cultures were prepared from testes of 20-day-old rats and grown in serum-free medium containing insulin, transferrin, and epidermal growth factor and in such medium supplemented with FSH, testosterone, or FSH plus testosterone. Media were fractionated using HPLC, and proteins were identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A protein designated CMB-2, with an apparent mol wt of 22,000, was shown to increase in response to FSH. Antiserum was raised using denatured protein eluted from SDS-polyacrylamide gels as the antigen, and a specific immunoassay using a combination of SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blotting was developed. The production of CMB-2 by primary Sertoli cell-enriched cultures was found to increase in a dose-dependent manner in response to FSH (30-1000 ng/ml); secretion was not significantly affected by testosterone (2 X 10(-13) M). An investigation of the tissue distribution of CMB-2 showed that the puberty, CMB-2 is secreted into the rete testis and accumulates in the epididymis in high concentration. We conclude that CMB-2 will be a useful marker to study the action of FSH on the rat testis.
Fabrication of 3D nanostructures with lithographically patterned surfaces by self-folding (2010)

One of the important challenges in nanoscale manufacturing is the construction of simultaneously patterned three dimensional structures, materials and devices. Since we live in a three dimensional world, such capabilities are needed to fully realize the capabilities of nanotechnology. We describe self-assembly processes based on utilizing intrinsic stress and inducing grain coalescence (extrinsic stress) in thin metal films that can be used to curve or fold lithographically patterned two dimensional (2D) panels into 3D structures. We discuss the use of intrinsic chromium (Cr) stresses and extrinsic stresses based on induced grain coalescence in tin (Sn) based structures with varying material composition to create a variety of lithographically patterned curved and polyhedral structures.
TWO-PHASE MODELING OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN PACKED BED ABSORBERS: IMPLICATIONS FOR PROCESS DESIGN (2012)

Removal of micropollutants in packed bed adsorbers constitutes an environmentally benign water purification process. Rather than adopting engineering correlations, the present work focuses on process design starting from the simulation of a single unit operation. Water contaminated with p-nitrophenol flows through a cylindrical tube, which is packed with spherical activated carbon particles acting as the adsorbent. The process is simulated numerically by modeling transient heat and mass transfer in both phases (solid and liquid) that comprise the packed bed. Breakthrough curves are computed and the overall efficiency of the process is evaluated. It is shown that in order to lengthen the time during which the effluent water is decontaminated, the convective transport of the contaminant in the interstitial space must equilibrate quickly with diffusion of the contaminant inside the particles. Expressions for the characteristic length and time scales to reach this equilibrium are derived. It is demonstrated that the design of the adsorption device can be optimized by decreasing the bed length and/or by increasing the diameter of the particles, when keeping the pressure drop and the volume of the bed fixed. Regarding the heat released by adsorption, it is shown that the temperature ahead of the mass transfer zone rises uniformly due to convective transport. © 2012 by Begell House, Inc.