gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CMOS color image sensor with overlaid organic photoelectric conversion layers having narrow absorption band: depression of dark current (2007)

We proposed a solid=state image sensor with multi=layered structure on the basis of the combination of a charge read-out circuit with photoelectric conversion layers, which behave in similar fashion to sensitizing dyes in color films. We developed an organic photoelectric conversion layer, which selectively absorbs green light and transmits blue and red lights. By overlaying this layer on a silicon substrate having silicon photodiodes and a read-out circuit, we successfully produced a two-color sensor. Significant reduction in the dark current in the photoelectric conversion layer owing to appropriate carrier-blocking layers made it possible to take pictures with low level of noise.
Identification of Volatile Compounds with a “Toasty” Aroma in Heated Oak Used in Barrelmaking (1997)

Toasting wood to be used in barrels for aging wine and brandy produces a great number of volatile and odiferous compounds. Some of these have a “toasty caramel” aroma. Analysis by high-performance gas chromatography of toasted oak extracts, combined with olfactory detection, enabled various chromatographic peaks with these specific aromas to be isolated. These same odors were simultaneously studied by heating glucose both with and without proline. Aromatic compounds of interest were identified thanks to a combination of gas chromatography and both mass and infrared spectrometry. In addition to already-known substances such as 2-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one (cyclotene) (1) and 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one (maltol) (2), we identified, for the first time, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one (DDMP) (3), 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furan-3-one (furaneol) (4), and 2,3-dihydro-5-hydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one (dihydromaltol) (5) as compounds which actively contribute to the “toasty caramel” aroma of heated oak. Their role in the aroma of wines and spirits is thus well worth studying. These molecules were absent from the glucose pyrolysis but were relatively plentiful after heating in the presence of proline. Therefore, Maillard reactions were seen to be the cause of these substances in the heated oak wood. Keywords: Oak; thermal degradation; volatile compounds; “toasty” aroma; Maillard reactions
Migration of Glioblastoma Cells Indicates Invasion Is Mediated by a Network of Proteins Stimulated by HGF/Met and Suppressed by Radicicol (2007)

Clinically, glioblastomas highlight our lack of knowledge regarding tumor invasion. However, motility studies indicate involvement of a protein network reactive to HGF's receptor, Met, and sensitive to radicicol. Human glioblastoma cells, U87 and LN229, migrated in response to HGF &amp; FBS in Boyden chambers up to 17‐fold times background (no chemoattractants). However, migration did not correlate with basal levels of Met. Putatively, the downstream network of proteins is primed to respond to low thresholds of Met's signals in glioblastomas. Radicicol (17 – 68 μM) significantly (p &lt; 0.001) suppressed migration of U87 and LN229 cells, with and without inhibition of mitochondria by NaN 3 (glycolytic conditions). With 68 μM radicicol present, U87's migration was 37 ± 12% (mean &amp; 95% CI) and 21 ± 3% of control (no drug) in normal and glycolytic conditions, respectively, and LN229 migration was 8 ± 2% and 3 ± 2% of control, respectively. Radicicol binds and inhibits HSP90 and ATP citrate lyase (ACL). Another inhibitor of HSP90, 17‐AAG (68 μM), also suppressed U87 cells to 68 ± 5% and 33 ± 23% of control in normoxic and glycolytic conditions, respectively. The other target of radicicol, ACL, is competitively inhibited by hydroxycitrate. Although it did not inhibit normoxic U87 migration, significant (p &lt; 0.001) reduction occurred for glycolytic migration at 0.5 mM hydroxycitrate. Thus, a specific network of proteins mediates migration in normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Pseudopodial proteins within the network putatively initiate invasion away from blood vessels. Supported by The Nick Eric Wichman Foundation, The Beez Foundation, &amp; The Walter L. Copeland Fund of The Pittsburgh Foundation.
Relationship Lending and Denovo Banks: An examination of Bank Lending to Small Farm Borrowers (2002)

In this paper we examine the lending by small banks to small farms. We find that relationships, as measured by the length of tenure of farm operators, are positively related to bank lending. We also find that denovo banks have a positive tendency to lend to small farms, similar to the tendency of denovo banks to lend to small businesses generally. When existing relationships\nbetween borrowers and incumbent lenders are stronger, however, denovo banks have greater\ndifficulties in lending to small farms. Finally, we find that, even within the category of small banks, lending to small farms (as a percentage of a bank's assets) tends to decrease as the bank increases in\nsize. We believe that small farms are a category of small enterprises that have been underresearched in the lending literature and that further study of these relationships would yield new and interesting results.
Short wavelength collective excitations in graphite intercalate C36Cs (1988)

Molecular dynamics simulations, of the stage-3 caesium intercalated graphite using a simple analytical potential, show evidence of discrete excitations at wavevectors well beyond the first Brillouin zone for the mean Cs-Cs repeat distance—the phenomenon found experimentally in stage-2 rubidium intercalated graphite (Kamitakara, W. A., and Zabel, H., 1985, Phys. Rev. B, 32, 7817). The model also predicts a gap in the dispersion curve for longitudinal density fluctuations at the first structure factor maximum and modulations at higher maxima similar to those found in three-dimensional liquid metals.
Elektrobusse im ÖPNV - Eine technisch/wirtschaftliche Analyse unter Berücksichtigung praktischer Anwendungsbeispiele (2016)

Der Mobilitätssektor ist zwar grundsätzlich ein wichtiger Baustein der "Energiewende", allerdings sind bisher kaum Fortschritte in Richtung Zielerreichung realisiert worden. Diese eher schleppende Umsetzung steht im deutlichen Kontrast zu den Erfolgen im Stromsektor. Ein wesentlicher Baustein der geplanten Maßnahmen im Verkehrssektor bezieht sich auf eine deutliche Ausweitung der Elektromobilität. Die Politik und auch die öffentliche Wahrnehmung fokussieren dabei aber zumeist auf den PKW-Bereich, dessen Ziele besonders öffentlichkeitswirksam verbreitet wurden ("1 Mio. Elektroautos bis 2020"). Weniger häufig werden hingegen Konzepte zur Elektromobilität für den öffentlichen Personennahverkehr (ÖPNV) diskutiert. Dabei könnte in Zukunft eine Umstellung der bisher fast vollständig durch Diesel betriebenen Busflotte auf verschiedenen Elektrobustechnologien von besonderer Bedeutung sein. Im Rahmen des Master-Studiengangs Energiewirtschaftsingenieurwesen an der Hochschule Niederrhein beschäftigte sich ein studentisches Projekt mit den ökonomischen, ökologischen und rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen des Elektrobuseinsatzes im ÖPNV. Die wesentlichen Erkenntnisse dieses Projekts sind in der vorliegenden Arbeit zusammengefasst.
p53 signaling and autophagy in cancer: A revolutionary strategy could be developed for cancer treatment (2011)

p53 as a tumor suppressor protein has been implicated in multiple aspects of biological processes, including apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, senescence, metabolism, differentiation and angiogenesis. Recently, several studies have shown that p53 can induce autophagy in both transcription-dependent and -independent manners. Nonetheless, p53 may also inhibit autophagy. In addition, p53 participates in homeostatic regulation of energy metabolism, oxidative stress and amino acid metabolism. Although the relationship between autophagy and p53 is quite complicated, and has not been well elucidated, p53 may underlie key aspects of metabolism and cancer biology. Thus, understanding the novel functions of p53 may allow us to develop new anticancer therapeutic approaches.
Cognitive Multi-User MIMO downlink with mixed feedback/location based Gaussian CSIT (2014)

The Multi-User MIMO downlink or MIMO Broadcast Channel (BC) formulation is relevant for cell center users. Whereas multiple receive antennas do not allow to increase the total number of streams (or degrees of freedom (DoF)) in the BC, they allow the sharing of zero-forcing (ZF) between transmitter and receivers so that a secondary base station (SBS) can serve its secondary users (SU) while ZF beamforming (BF) to primary users (PU). Channel State Information at the Transmitter (CSIT), which is crucial in multi-user systems, is always imperfect in practice, especially for the SBS-PU link. We consider mean and covariance Gaussian partial CSIT, and the special case of a (possibly location based) MIMO Ricean channel model. In this paper we focus on the optimization of beamformers for the secondary expected weighted sum rate (EWSR) under expected PU interference power constraints. We apply a perfect CSI technique, based on a difference of convex functions approach, to a number of deterministic approximations of the EWSR, involving the Massive MIMO limit (large number of transmit antennas), Massive MIMO with a second-order refinement, and the large MIMO limit (both large transmit and receive antenna numbers).
Preparation and characterization of metal-containing aromatic polyimides (2000)

A series of novel metal-containing aromatic polyimides were synthesized from divalent metal oxide/hydroxide (MO/M(OH)2) (M = Ba, Sr, Ca, Mg, Zn, Cd, Co, Ni, Pb, Cu), p-aniline sulfonic acid (ASA), and 3,3′-4,4′-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA). The C, H, N, and S contents were determined by elemental analysis, their structures were characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and the thermal properties of the polymers were also studied by TG–DTA. It is found that metal-containing polyimides have a higher thermal stability. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 77: 2363–2369, 2000
Fusion-Based Hand Geometry Recognition Using Dempster–Shafer Theory (2015)

This paper presents a new technique for user identification and recognition based on the fusion of hand geometric features of both hands without any pose restrictions. All the features are extracted from normalized left and right hand images. Fusion is applied at feature and also at decision level. Two probability-based algorithms are proposed for classification. The first algorithm computes the maximum probability for nearest three neighbors. The second algorithm determines the maximum probability of the number of matched features with respect to a thresholding on distances. Based on these two highest probabilities initial decisions are made. The final decision is considered according to the highest probability as calculated by the Dempster–Shafer theory of evidence. Depending on the various combinations of the initial decisions, three schemes are experimented with 201 subjects for identification and verification. The correct identification rate is found to be 99.5%, and the false acceptance rate (FAR) of 0.625% has been found during verification.
Abstract WP29: Temporal Trends of Intravenous Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator Infusion and Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke in Japan: J-ASPECT Study (2017)

Objective: This study aimed to investigate recent nationwide trends in the epidemiology of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in Japan. Methods: We analyzed 328,147 acute ischemic stroke patients in 350 certified training hospitals in Japan using data obtained from the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination Database. Data between the period April 1, 2010 and May 31, 2014 were used. We divided patients into three treatment groups: medical treatment only (group M), intravenous t-PA infusion only (group IVT), and endovascular treatment (group ET). Outcome was assessed by in-hospital mortality and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at discharge, and poor outcome was defined as a mRS score of 3-6. Results: The patient proportion in groups M, IVT, and ET changed from 94.3%, 3.2%, and 1.6% in 2010 to 90.9%, 4.3%, and 3.7% in 2014, respectively (P&lt;0.0001). In all AIS patients, in-hospital mortality significantly decreased from 6.5% in 2010 to 5.3% in 2014 (p&lt;0.0001) and poor outcome at discharge also decreased from 42.7% in 2010 to 41.6% in 2014 (p&lt;0.0001). In groups M and IVT, in-hospital mortality significantly decreased from 6.3% and 12.0% in 2010 to 5.0% and 9.1% in 2014, respectively (p&lt;0.0001), and poor outcome at discharge also decreased from 42.1% and 60.7% in 2010 to 40.7% (P&lt;0.0001) and 55.4% (p&lt;0.005) in 2014, respectively. In contrast, in group ET, both in-hospital mortality (from 11% in 2010 to 9.5% in 2014) and poor outcome at discharge (from 53.4% in 2010 to 54.0% in 2014) were not significantly different between the two time points. Conclusion: In Japan, during the 5-year period before the guidelines concerning proper use of ET for AIS were revised in 2015, a significant improvement in in-hospital mortality and functional outcomes of AIS patients undergoing medical treatment and intravenous rt-PA infusion was observed. This was probably due to a gradual increase in the proportion of patients undergoing IVT; the outcomes of ET, however, remained the same.
Development and implementation of a protection equipment test system (1990)

An Australian energy utility and a local company have jointly developed a new test system for electrical protection equipment. This article describes the development, method of operation and experience to date of the new equipment.
American College of Rheumatology White Paper on Antimalarial Cardiac Toxicity (2021)

Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and chloroquine (CQ) are well-established medications used in treating systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis, as well as skin conditions such as cutaneous lupus erythematosus. In rare cases, arrhythmias and conduction system abnormalities, as well as cardiomyopathy, have been reported in association with HCQ/CQ use. Recently, however, the corrected QT interval (QTc)-prolonging potential of these medications, and risk of torsade de pointes (TdP) in particular, have been highlighted in the setting of their experimental use for COVID-19 infection. This report was undertaken to summarize the current understanding of HCQ/CQ cardiac toxicity, describe QTc prolongation and TdP risks, and discuss areas of priority for future research. A working group of experts across rheumatology, cardiology, and dermatology performed a nonsystematic literature review and offered a consensus-based expert opinion. Current data clearly indicate that HCQ and CQ are invaluable medications in the management of rheumatic and dermatologic diseases, but they are associated with QTc prolongation by directly affecting cardiac repolarization. Prescribing clinicians should be cognizant of this small effect, especially in patients taking additional medications that prolong the QTc interval. Long-term use of HCQ/CQ may lead to a cardiomyopathy associated with arrhythmias and heart failure. Risk and benefit assessment should be considered prior to initiation of any medication, and both initial and ongoing risk-benefit assessments are important with regard to prescription of HCQ/CQ. While cardiac toxicity related to HCQ/CQ treatment of rheumatic diseases is rarely reported, it can be fatal. Awareness of the potential adverse cardiac effects of HCQ and CQ can increase the safe use of these medications. There is a clear need for additional research to allow better understanding of the cardiovascular risk and safety profile of these therapies used in the management of rheumatic and cutaneous diseases.
Energy-Aware Optimal Data Offloading over Unlicensed Spectrums (2016)

In this paper, we investigate the energy-aware data- offloading of mobile user (MU) which schedules its traffic demand to a macro Base Station (BS) and a small-cell access point (AP) simultaneously. For saving the usage of licensed spectrum, we consider that the MU uses unlicensed spectrum to offload data. The open access of unlicensed spectrum, however, results in that the MU's data offloading suffer from uncontrollable interference, which comprises the benefit of data offloading. We propose an outage-probability to quantify such an adverse influence and formulate a joint rate-splitting and power allocation problem to minimize a system-wise cost accounting for both the MU's power consumption and the BS's licensed channel usage. Despite the non-convexity of the joint optimization problem, we transform it into three rate- allocation problems under different cases and derive the respective optimal solutions, which yield the globally optimal solution for the original problem. Numerical results are provided to validate the optimal offloading-solution.
Predominance of CD8+ T Lymphocytes in the Inflammatory Lesions of Mice with Acute Trypanosoma cruzi Infection (1993)

Using glycol methacrylate in conjunction with avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex techniques, we studied the contribution of T cell subsets to tissue inflammation during acute Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Two mouse/parasite model systems whose parasitology and pathology behaved differently were used. In C57Bl/6J mice infected with the T. cruzi Brazil strain, the levels of parasitism in blood and tissue (myocardial and skeletal muscle) reached a maximum at week 6 and decreased rapidly thereafter. Inflammatory responses in tissue corresponded with the parasitism, but decreased in intensity more gradually than that of parasitism. The T lymphocytes (Thy 1.2+) were found to be the major lymphocyte population in inflammatory cardiac and skeletal muscles (64.6-81.2%) at both three and six weeks postinfection. Among T cells, CD8+ cells (47.0-58.9%) significantly outnumbered CD4+ cells (9.3-18.6%). The number of B cells (0-1.0%) and macrophages was low. Experiments using C3H/HeSnJ mice infected with the Sylvio X10/4 clone of T. cruzi at 30 days postinfection resulted in similar findings except for a higher CD8+:CD4+ ratio. The primary finding of this study is that Thy 1.2+CD8+CD4- T lymphocytes are the major cell population in both heart and skeletal muscle in acute murine T. cruzi infection. The predominance of CD8+ T cells coincident with the decrease in the tissue parasite burden suggests a role for CD8+ T cells in the control of T. cruzi at the level of the infected cell.
Technology of Infrared Detecting in the Air (2011)

The content and the composition of infrared detecting technology in the air were described in this paper.The classification of the technology was introduced,and the system composition and function of the technology were discussed.Finally,the main technology capability and the key technology of infrared detecting in the air were analysed.
The Regional Research And Development Centre of the Asean Institute of Technology, Bangkok (2017)

The Asian Institure of Technology (AJT) is an autonomouse, International postgraduate Institute. It provides advanced education in engenering, science and allied fields through academic programme loading to Master's and Doctoral degree and Diplomat, and through research programmes are related closely to the needs of Asia.
Headway Time and Crashes Among Novice Teens and Experienced Adult Drivers in a Simulated Lead Truck Braking Scenario (2013)

Driving simulators can be used to evaluate driving performance under controlled, safe conditions. Teen drivers are at particular risk for motor vehicle crashes and simulated driving can provide important information on performance. We developed a new simulator protocol, the Simulated Driving Assessment (SDA), with the goal of providing a new tool for driver assessment and a common outcome measure for evaluation of training programs. As an initial effort to examine the validity of the SDA to differentiate performance according to experience, this analysis compared driving behaviors and crashes between novice teens (n=20) and experienced adults (n=17) on a high fidelity simulator for one common crash scenario, a rear-end crash. We examined headway time and crashes during a lead truck with sudden braking event in our SDA. We found that 35% of the novice teens crashed and none of the experienced adults crashed in this lead truck braking event; 50% of the teens versus 25% of the adults had a headway time <3 seconds at the time of truck braking. Among the 10 teens with <3 seconds headway time, 70% crashed. Among all participants with a headway time of 2-3 seconds, further investigation revealed descriptive differences in throttle position and brake pedal force when comparing teens who crashed, teens who did not crash and adults (none of whom crashed). Even with a relatively small sample, we found statistically significant differences in headway time for adults and teens, providing preliminary construct validation for our new SDA.
Principles of Coordination Polymerisation (2001)

The first all-inclusive text covering coordination polymerisation, including important classes of non-hydrocarbon monomers. Charting the achievements and progress in the field, in terms of both basic and industrial research, this book offers a unified and complete overview of coordination polymerisation. * Provides detailed description of the historical development of the subject * Presents a unified view of catalysis, mechanisms, structures and utility * Encourages learning through a step-by-step progression from basic to in-depth text * Features end-of-chapter exercises to reinforce understanding * Offers a full bibliography and comprehensive literature review Requisite reading for research students studying introductory and advanced courses in; polymer science, catalysis and polymerisation catalysis, and valuable reference for researchers and technicians in industry.
Epiphyseal growth plate cartilage and chondrocytes in mineralising cultures produce a low molecular mass angiogenic procollagenase activator. (1987)

We have investigated one aspect of the biochemical control of angiogenesis in the mammalian growth plate. This is the first report of an angiogenic compound from normal growing skeletal tissue. The active agent was indistinguishable from ESAF (endothelial cell-stimulating angiogenic factor), previously identified from tumour, retina and synovial fluid. 1. Using a procollagenase activation assay, ESAF was detected in low molecular weight extracts of growth plate cartilage from two species (foetal calf and young rabbit). ESAF content declined with increasing age of the foetal calf growth plate cartilage. 2. Rabbit growth plate chondrocytes in high density culture also produced ESAF 24-48 h after calcification of the culture. Inhibition of alkaline phosphatase in these cultures reduced the stimulation of ESAF production. These findings suggest that ESAF production occurs as a stage in chondrocyte differentiation which is linked with the onset of matrix calcification. A model is proposed for the control of angiogenesis in the growth plate.