gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clinical applications of custom 3D printed implants in complex lower extremity reconstruction (2020)

3D printing is becoming more widespread within orthopaedic surgery. This technology provides surgeons with tools to better tackle some of the more challenging clinical cases especially within the field of foot and ankle surgery.
Longitudinal study of hepatitis C viremia in chronic hepatitis C (1993)

Serial serum samples from 20 untreated patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection were tested for HCV RNA by a nested polymerase chain reaction assay using primers from the highly conserved 5' noncoding region to determine the relationship between hepatitis C viremia and the activity of liver disease during the natural course of chronic HCV infection. Semiquantitation of serum HCV RNA level was achieved by testing serial 10-fold dilutions of RNA extracts to determine the end-point titer. All the patients were HCV RNA positive at presentation. There was a poor correlation between the initial HCV RNA titer and serum transaminase levels. All patients except one were persistently HCV RNA positive during a follow-up period of 1.5-15 years, although 17 (85%) had periods of normal or near-normal transaminase levels. There was no correlation between changes in the serum transaminase levels and HCV RNA titer. Patients with chronic HCV infection have persistent viremia despite fluctuations in ALT levels.
Chromogranin A regulates gut permeability via the antagonistic actions of its proteolytic peptides (2020)

Abstract Aim A ‘leaky’ gut barrier has been implicated in the initiation and progression of a multitude of diseases, e.g., inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, celiac disease, and colorectal cancers. Here we show how pro-hormone Chromogranin A (CgA), produced by the enteroendocrine cells, and Catestatin (CST: hCgA 352-372 ), the most abundant CgA-derived proteolytic peptide, affect the gut barrier. Methods Colon tissues from region-specific CST-knockout (CST-KO) mice, CgA-knockout (CgA-KO) and WT mice were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, ultrastructural and flowcytometry studies. FITC-dextran assays were used to measure intestinal barrier function. Mice were supplemented with CST or CgA fragment pancreastatin (PST: CgA 250-301 ). The microbial composition of cecum was determined. CgA and CST levels were measured in blood of IBD patients. Results CST-KO mice displayed (i) elongated tight, adherens junctions and desmosomes similar to IBD patients, and (ii) gut inflammation. Consistently, plasma FITC-dextran measurements showed increased intestinal paracellular permeability in the CST-knockout mice. This correlated with a higher ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes, a dysbiotic pattern commonly encountered in various diseases. Supplementation of CST-knockout mice with recombinant CST restored paracellular permeability and reversed inflammation, whereas CgA-knockout mice supplementation with CST and/or PST in CgA-KO mice showed that intestinal paracellular permeability is regulated by the antagonistic roles of these two peptides: CST reduces and PST increases permeability. Conclusion The pro-hormone CgA regulates the intestinal paracellular permeability. CST is both necessary and sufficient to reduce permeability and primarily acts via antagonizing the effects of PST.
Enhancement of DD-Reaction yields from the Pd/PdO:Dx heterostructure by N+ and Ne+ ion beams using the GELIS setup (2013)

The results on DD-reaction yield enhancement from the Pd/PdO:Dx heterostructure by N+ and Ne+ ion beams in the energy range of 10–25 keV are presented. Neutron and proton fluxes were measured using a neutron detector based on He-3 counters and a CR-39 plastic track detector. Measurements showed significant DD-reaction yield enhancement effects. The screening potential for this heterostructure under these experimental conditions was determined as U e = 897 eV.
Dilution of oral D3‐Creatine to measure creatine pool size and estimate skeletal muscle mass: development of a correction algorithm (2018)

The D<sub>3</sub> -Cr dilution method is further validated here as a non-invasive, easy-to-use test for measuring muscle mass. The technical issue of D<sub>3</sub> -Cr spillage can be corrected for with a simple algorithm based on fasting spot urine samples. Muscle mass by Cr dilution potentially has broad applications in clinical and research settings.
Laboratory demonstration of hydraulic fracture height growth across weak discontinuities (2017)

Decades of research have led to numerous insights in modeling the impact of stresses and rock properties on hydraulic fracture height growth. However, the conditions under which weak horizontal interfaces are expected to impede height growth remain for the most part unknown. We have developed an experimental study of the impact of weak horizontal discontinuities on hydraulic fracture height growth, including the influences of (1) abrupt stress contrasts between layers, (2) material fracture toughness, and (3) contrasts of stiffness between the reservoir and bounding layers. The experiments are carried out with an analog three-layered medium constructed from transparent polyurethane, considering toughnesses resisting vertical fracture growth. There are four observed geometries: containment, height growth, T-shape growth, and the combination of height growth and T-shape. Results are developed in a parametric space embodying the influence of the horizontal stress contrast, vertical stress, and horizontal barrier stress contrast, as well as the fluid pressure. The results indicate that these cases fall within distinct regions when plotted in the parametric space. The locations in the parametric space of these regions are strongly impacted by the vertical fracture toughness: Increasing the value of the vertical interface fracture toughness leads to a suppression of height growth in favor of containment and T-shaped growth. Besides providing detailed experimental data for benchmarking 3D hydraulic fracture simulators, these experiments show that the fracture height is substantially less than would be predicted in the absence of the weak horizontal discontinuities.
Effect of p H on In Vitro Phagocytosis of Streptococcus pyogenes (1969)

Phagocytosis experiments were performed with mouse peritoneal leucocytes (MPL). The natural pH of the mouse peritoneal cavity was found to be between 6.1 and 6.3. The phagocytic and intracellular killing activities of MPL by pH variations was studied. It was observed that the optimal ingestion and intracellular killing of bacteria is at the natural pH of the peritoneal cavity.
Validation of simulation models using measured performance data from the Los Alamos study center (1981)

The results and conclusions of an International Energy Agency (IEA) solar heating and cooling program to validate computer simulation codes using measured performance data from the Los Alamos Study Center are discussed. The Study Center is a 6000-m/sup 2/ solar heated and cooled building located in Los Alamos, New Mexico. The building includes a 716-m/sup 2/ flat plate selective surface solar collector. The computer modeling of this system was done by seven groups participating in the IEA Validation Subtask. Hourly weather and performance data were provided for a two-week period. After simulations were performed and comparisons made, a second two-week period of data was provided, this time without performance data. The comparison is shown between the measured and the predicted energy terms and storage temperatures on an hourly, daily, and two-week basis.
Designing 4D contexts for construction planners (1999)

Today, no context enables planners to communicate all the information necessary to evaluate a schedule. This thesis work looks at how we can use the 4D (3D + time) context to communicate and interact with descriptive, predictive, and explanative planning content by focusing on three aspects of the design of 4D contexts: 1) Defining the interactions between the elements of a 4D context and between the 4D content and the users; 2) Extending the current representation of planning content to generate these 4D contexts; and 3) Specifying and applying performance criteria to evaluate alternative 4D contexts.
Functional and laminar dissociations between muscarinic and nicotinic cholinergic neuromodulation in the tree shrew primary visual cortex (2012)

Acetylcholine is an important neuromodulator involved in cognitive function. The impact of cholinergic neuromodulation on computations within the cortical microcircuit is not well understood. Here we investigate the effects of layer-specific cholinergic drug application in the tree shrew primary visual cortex during visual stimulation with drifting grating stimuli of varying contrast and orientation. We describe differences between muscarinic and nicotinic cholinergic effects in terms of both the layer of cortex and the attribute of visual representation. Nicotinic receptor activation enhanced the contrast response in the granular input layer of the cortex, while tending to reduce neural selectivity for orientation across all cortical layers. Muscarinic activation modestly enhanced the contrast response across cortical layers, and tended to improve orientation tuning. This resulted in highest orientation selectivity in the supra- and infragranular layers, where orientation selectivity was already greatest in the absence of pharmacological stimulation. Our results indicate that laminar position plays a crucial part in functional consequences of cholinergic stimulation, consistent with the differential distribution of cholinergic receptors. Nicotinic receptors function to enhance sensory representations arriving in the cortex, whereas muscarinic receptors act to boost the cortical computation of orientation tuning. Our findings suggest close homology between cholinergic mechanisms in tree shrew and primate visual cortices.
Synthesis and stereochemistry of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6-methoxy-2-methyl-1-phenylisoquinoline and related compounds (1970)

The absolute configurations of (1R,4R)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-6-methoxy-2-methyl-1-phenylisoquinoline (XIa) and its epimer, which were synthesised by cyclisation of D-(+)-2-amino-1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethanol with benzaldehyde, followed by Eschweiler-Clarke methylation, were determined by their n.m.r. spectra. The relationship between the absolute configuration of (1R)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6-methoxy-2-methyl-1-phenylisoquinoline and its o.r.d. curve was also revealed.
Identification oftrans,trans-2,4-Decadienal Metabolites in Mouse and Human Cells Using Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (2014)

trans,trans-2,4-Decadienal (tt-DDE), a lipid peroxidation product of linolieic acid, is the most abundant aldehyde identified in cooking oil fumes and is readily detectable in food products as well as in restaurant emissions. Previously, we have reported the toxicological effects of tt-DDE in vitro and in vivo. However, the metabolic pathways of tt-DDE in vivo remain unclear. In our present study, we combined liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with triple quadrupole and time-of-flight to identify tt-DDE metabolites in the urine of mice orally administered tt-DDE. We identified two tt-DDE metabolites, 2,4-decadienoic acid and cysteine-conjugated 2,4-decadien-1-ol, in the urine of mice gavaged with tt-DDE and in human hepatoma cell cultures. The structure of 2,4-decadienoic acid was confirmed upon comparison of its tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) spectrum and retention time with those of synthetic standards. The moieties of cysteine and alcohol on cysteine-conjugated 2,4-decadien-1-ol were validated by treating cell cultures with stable-isotope-labeled cysteine and 4-methylpyrazole, an alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor. The MS/MS spectra of a cysteine standard and ionized cysteine detached from cysteine-conjugated 2,4-decadien-1-ol were identical. Two metabolic pathways for the biotransformation of tt-DDE in vivo are proposed: (i) the oxidation of tt-DDE to the corresponding carboxylic acid, 2,4-decadienoic acid, in liver cells and (ii) glutathione (GHS) conjugation, GSH breakdown, and aldehyde reduction, which generate cysteine-conjugated 2,4-decadien-1-ol in both liver and lung cells. In conclusion, this platform can be used to identify tt-DDE metabolites, and cysteine-conjugated 2,4-decadien-1-ol can serve as a biomarker for assessing exposure to tt-DDE.
Attitude Synchronization For Multiple 3-DOF Helicopters With Actuator Faults (2019)

The attitude synchronization for multiple three-degree-of-freedom helicopters in the presence of system uncertainties and time-varying actuator faults is investigated. A fault-tolerant cooperative control algorithm based on robust adaptive control is proposed to synchronize attitudes of multiple helicopter systems in the case where some of the helicopters are subjected to both partial losses of control effectiveness and additive actuator faults. The proposed design is a distributed control method that allows each vehicle to track external reference signals merely in light of its neighborhood information. With the proposed design, time-varying actuator faults are tolerated without sacrificing the attitude synchronization performance. The effectiveness of the proposed control method is verified via a comparative experimental study.
Functional association of nuclear protein 4.1 with pre-mRNA splicing factors (1998)

Protein 4.1 is a multifunctional polypeptide that links transmembrane proteins with the underlying spectrin/actin cytoskeleton. Recent studies have shown that protein 4.1 is also present in the nucleus, localized in domains enriched in splicing factors. Here we further analyze the relationship between protein 4. 1 and components of the splicing machinery. Using HeLa nuclear extracts capable of supporting the splicing of pre-mRNAs in vitro, we show that anti-4.1 antibodies specifically immunoprecipitate pre-mRNA and splicing intermediates. Immunodepletion of protein 4.1 from HeLa nuclear extracts results in inhibition of their splicing activity, as assayed with two different pre-mRNA substrates. Coprecipitation of protein 4.1 from HeLa nuclear extracts with proteins involved in the processing of pre-mRNA further suggests an association between nuclear protein 4.1 and components of the splicing apparatus. The molecular cloning of a 4.1 cDNA encoding the isoform designated 4.1E has allowed us to show that this protein is targeted to the nucleus, that it associates with the splicing factor U2AF35, and that its overexpression induces the redistribution of the splicing factor SC35. Based on our combined biochemical and localization results, we propose that 4.1 proteins are part of nuclear structures to which splicing factors functionally associate, most likely for storage purposes.
Effect of in vivo administration of Lyt antibodies. Lyt phenotype of T cells in lymphoid tissues and blocking of tumor rejection. (1985)

After transplantation of B6RV2 leukemia, initial tumor growth was followed by tumor regression in B6 (CB6F1) female, but not male, mice. This indicated that H-Y antigen is involved in B6RV2 rejection by syngeneic female recipient mice. In the case of another leukemia, BALB.RL male 1, and Ir gene, probably identical to the Rgv-1 gene, is responsible for RL male 1 rejection. Thus, F1 hybrids of BALB/c with certain other strains of mice can reject RL male 1. Using these two different systems of tumor rejection, we investigated the effects of in vivo administration of Lyt and Thy-1 monoclonal antibodies (mAb). Results showed that Lyt-2 and -3 mAb blocked both B6RV2 rejection by B6 female mice and BALB.RL male 1 rejection by CB6F1 mice. The specificity of blocking was confirmed by use of Lyt-2 and -3 mAb to reciprocal alleles and mice from B6 Lyt-congeneic stocks. No blocking was observed with Lyt-1 and Thy-1 mAb. The Lyt phenotype of T cells in lymphoid tissues from mice treated with mAb was then studied. Blocking of the Lyt-2+3+ population was observed in the lymph node and spleen, but not in the thymus. These results indicate the involvement of Lyt-2+3+ cells (or Lyt-2,3 antigen) in tumor rejection. The precise mechanism of blocking is unknown, but it was observed after even a single injection of Lyt-2,3 mAb on day 9 after tumor transplantation, suggesting that effector cells were functionally blocked, rather than that the generation of these cells was inhibited.
Twin workshops on architecting dependable systems (WADS 2004) (2004)

This workshop summary gives a brief overview on the workshop on ?Architecting Dependable Systems? held in conjunction with ICSE 2004. It is organised as a twin workshop to another to be held in conjunction with the International Conference on Dependable Systems and Network (DSN 2004). This is an ambitious project that aims to promote crossfertilization between the communities of software architectures and dependability. Both communities will benefit from the clarification of approaches that have been previously tried and succeeded, as well as those that have been tried but have not yet shown to be successful.
MoMu: A Mobile Music Toolkit (2010)

The Mobile Music (MoMu) toolkit is a new open-source software development toolkit focusing on musical interaction design for mobile phones. The toolkit, currently implemented for iPhone OS, emphasizes usability and rapid prototyping with the end goal of aiding developers in creating real-time interactive audio applications. Simple and unied access to onboard sensors along with utilities for common tasks found in mobile music development are provided. The toolkit has been deployed and evaluated in the Stanford Mobile Phone Orchestra (MoPhO) and serves as the primary software platform in a new course exploring mobile music.
ChemInform Abstract: CRYSTALLIZATION OF SOME RARE EARTH‐GOLD AMORPHOUS THIN FILMS (1983)

Abstract TEM‐Untersu‐ 4 chungen an aufgedampften R‐Au‐Dünnfilmen (R: Gd, Tb, Dy, Er) zeigen, daß für nahezu äquiatomare Zusammensetzungen im Temp.‐Bereich 190‐240°Kristallisation im CsCl‐Typ erfolgt.
Toward Three-Dimensional Chemical Imaging of Ternary Cu–Sn–Pb Alloys Using Femtosecond Laser Ablation/Ionization Mass Spectrometry (2017)

Femtosecond laser ablation/ionization mass spectrometry (LIMS) has been applied to probe the spatial element composition of three ternary Cu-Sn-Pb model bronze alloys (lead bronzes: CuSn10Pb10, CuSn7Pb15, and CuSn5Pb20), which were recently identified as high-performance cathode materials in the context of electro-organic synthesis (dehalogenation, deoxygenation) of pharmaceutically relevant building blocks. The quantitative and spatially resolved element analysis of such cathode materials will help in understanding the observed profound differences in their electrochemical reactivity and stability. For that purpose, we developed a measurement procedure using the LIMS technique which allows analyzing the element composition of these ternary alloys in all three spatial dimensions. Their chemical composition was determined spotwise, by ablating material from various surface locations on a 4 × 4 raster array (50 μm pitch distance, ablation crater diameter of ∼20 μm). The element analyses show significant chemical inhomogeneities in all three ternary bronze alloys with profound local deviations from their nominal bulk compositions and indicate further differences in the nature and origin of these compositional inhomogeneities. In addition, the element analyses showed specific compositional correlations among the major elements (Cu, Sn, and Pb) in these alloys. On selected sample positions minor (Ni, Zn, Ag, and Sb) and trace elements (C, P, Fe, and As) were quantified. These results are in agreement with inductively coupled plasma collision/reaction interface mass spectrometry (ICP-CRI-MS) and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS) reference measurements, thus proving the LIMS depth profiling technique as a powerful alternative methodology to conventional quantification techniques with the advantage, however, of a highly localized measurement capability.
Analysis of inverse problems of crack by body force method. (1991)

In this study, the location, the angle and the size of a two-dimensional crack and the loading stresses are calculated by the data of strains measured around the region of the crack. Based on the consideration of the body force method that the strain field due to a crack can be represented by embedded force doublets, the problem is reduced to determining the location where the force doublets have to be embedded. In searching for the most appropriate place for embedding force doublets, that is, in searching for the location of a crack, the method of gradient search is used. By this method, the location of a crack is determined efficiently with good accuracy.
Promotion of human T lymphocyte activation and proliferation by fatty acids in low density and high density lipoproteins. (1986)

Mitogen-induced lymphocyte DNA synthesis measured by [3H]thymidine incorporation and lymphocyte proliferation assessed by counting the number of cells were reduced by greater than 95% when cells were cultured at low density in the absence of serum. Supplementation with either transferrin or lipoprotein alone only partially restored lymphocyte responses. Addition of both transferrin and lipoproteins of each major subclass permitted mitogen-induced lymphocyte DNA synthesis and proliferation equal to that observed in serum-containing medium. The degree of enhancement was dependent on the concentration of the lipoprotein added and could not be explained by the nonspecific addition of protein to the defined medium. The mechanisms of growth promotion by various lipoprotein fractions did not appear to be explained by provision of cholesterol to the cells. Neither cholesterol nor cholesteryl ester from endogenous sources or supplied exogenously was able to enhance mitogen-induced lymphocyte responses. In contrast, fatty acids, phospholipid, and triglyceride alone supported lymphocyte responses. Furthermore, lipoproteins retained the capacity to enhance lymphocyte responses following extraction of neutral lipid. Both low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein, subclass 3, increased the number of cells initially activated by mitogenic stimulation and supported the subsequent continued growth of the activated cells. Low density lipoprotein was more efficient than high density lipoprotein, subclass 3, in this latter regard. These results indicate that lipoproteins can promote maximal growth of mitogen-activated lymphocytes in transferrin-containing medium by providing growth factors other than cholesterol necessary for initial activation and required for continued lymphocyte proliferation.