gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of a new PCR-RFLP panel suggests a restricted population structure for Eimeria tenella in UK and Irish chickens (2016)

Eimeria species cause coccidiosis, most notably in chickens where the global cost exceeds US$3 billion every year. Understanding variation in Eimeria population structure and genetic diversity contributes valuable information that can be used to minimise the impact of drug resistance and develop new, cost-effective anticoccidial vaccines. Little knowledge is currently available on the epidemiology of Eimeria species and strains in different regions, or under different chicken production systems. Recently, 244 Eimeria tenella isolates collected from countries in Africa and Asia were genotyped using a Sequenom single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) tool, revealing significant variation in haplotype diversity and population structure, with a marked North/South regional divide. To expand studies on genetic polymorphism to larger numbers of E. tenella populations in other geographic regions a cheaper and more accessible technique, such as polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), is desirable. We have converted a subset of SNP markers for use as PCR-RFLPs and re-analysed the original 244 isolates with the PCR-RFLPs to assess their utility. In addition, application of the PCR-RFLP to E. tenella samples collected from UK and Irish broiler chickens revealed a tightly restricted haplotype diversity. Just two of the PCR-RFLPs accounted for all of the polymorphism detected in the UK and Irish parasite populations, but analysis of the full dataset revealed different informative markers in different regions, supporting validity of the PCR-RFLP panel. The tools described here provide an accessible and cost-effective method that can be used to enhance understanding of E. tenella genetic diversity and population structure.
La España de los Reyes Católicos: estado de la investigación. (1992)

Sin resumen
RESULTS OF STEAM PLANT MODIFICATIONS OF LARGE CONTAINER-SHIPS (1983)

The Authors, of Blue Star Line, discuss fuel-saving modifications made to the steam propulsion plant of the 30,000-shp container ships ACT-1, ACT-2 and Australian Endeavour (see Abstract No. 30,110, Nov. 1970> and to that of five ships of a later but similar class, the 32,000-shp ACT-3 to ACT-6 and Australian Exporter (see Abstract No. 31,960, Feb. 1972). The reasoning on which these modifications are based is explained, and the modiflcations themselves are described. They included modification of the Stal-Laval turbine (limited to re-nozzling of the HP steam admission), modification of the reduction gearing, the fitting of a larger propeller, reducing propeller speed to about 90 rpm, and improvements to the boiler installation. The results of these modifications are presented. Maximum design power of the two classes was reduced to 20,000 and 21,000 shp respectively, with a reduction in service speed from 22 to 19.5 knots. Combined turbine and boiler modifications and refit have reduced fuel rate by an average of about 7 per cent, and 7 to 8 per cent has resulted from an improved power/speed-rpm relationship. Ships shot-blasted and recoated have achieved an additional 8 to 15 per cent saving, so that fuel savings of up to about 30 per cent have been obtained. Propeller-induced vibration has been reduced; ship handling and manoeuvring are fully satisfactory. A list is included of various operational faults in the plant that were corrected during the modifications.
Assessment of Range of Motion and Contact Zones with Commonly Performed Physical Exam Manoeuvers for Femoroacetabular Impingement (FAI): What do These Tests Mean? (2013)

Recognition of the magnitude and location of mechanical conflicts is critical to reliably and reproducibly improve functional range of motion and outcomes after surgical treatment of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). The purpose of this study was to assess the ROM and location of intra-articular and extra-articular mechanical conflict with seven commonly performed physical exam manoeuvers in a cohort of hips with symptomatic FAI. Internal rotation in flexion results in mechanical contact between the anterolateral and anterior femoral head-neck junction with the acetabulum, most commonly at a 1:15 o'clock position. Associated adduction, however, significantly reduces the available internal rotation secondary to contact in the same locations. Straight abduction results in mechanical conflict between the superior femoral head-neck junction and the 12:00 o'clock position of the acetabulum. With external rotation of the hip in various degrees of hip flexion, the potential mechanical impingement is extra-articular between the greater trochanter and ischium or pubic ramus. The zones of proximal femoral and acetabular contact are not intuitive, and may extend significantly more laterally and distally on the femoral head-neck junction than previously appreciated.
Poly(A)-specific ribonuclease regulates the processing of small-subunit rRNAs in human cells (2016)

Ribosome biogenesis occurs successively in the nucleolus, nucleoplasm, and cytoplasm. Maturation of the ribosomal small subunit is completed in the cytoplasm by incorporation of a particular class of ribosomal proteins and final cleavage of 18S-E pre-rRNA (18S-E). Here, we show that poly(A)-specific ribonuclease (PARN) participates in steps leading to 18S-E maturation in human cells. We found PARN as a novel component of the pre-40S particle pulled down with the pre-ribosome factor LTV1 or Bystin. Reverse pull-down analysis revealed that PARN is a constitutive component of the Bystin-associated pre-40S particle. Knockdown of PARN or exogenous expression of an enzyme-dead PARN mutant (D28A) accumulated 18S-E in both the cytoplasm and nucleus. Moreover, expression of D28A accumulated 18S-E in Bystin-associated pre-40S particles, suggesting that the enzymatic activity of PARN is necessary for the release of 18S-E from Bystin-associated pre-40S particles. Finally, RNase H-based fragmentation analysis and 3΄-sequence analysis of 18S-E species present in cells expressing wild-type PARN or D28A suggested that PARN degrades the extended regions encompassing nucleotides 5-44 at the 3΄ end of mature 18S rRNA. Our results reveal a novel role for PARN in ribosome biogenesis in human cells.
Data from Elevated Epithelial Insulin-like Growth Factor Expression Is a Risk Factor for Lung Cancer Development (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I receptor (IGF-IR) signaling has been implicated in several human neoplasms. However, the role of serum levels of IGFs in lung cancer risk is controversial. We assessed the role of tissue-derived IGFs in lung carcinogenesis. We found that IGF-I and IGF-II levels in bronchial tissue specimens containing high-grade dysplasia were significantly higher than in those containing normal epithelium, hyperplasia, and squamous metaplasia. Derivatives of human bronchial epithelial cell lines with activation mutation in &lt;i&gt;KRAS&lt;/i&gt;(V12) or loss of p53 overexpressed IGF-I and IGF-II. The transformed characteristics of these cells were significantly suppressed by inactivation of IGF-IR or inhibition of IGF-I or IGF-II expression but enhanced by overexpression of IGF-IR or exposure to the tobacco carcinogens (TC) 4-(methylnitrosamino)-I-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone and benzo(&lt;i&gt;a&lt;/i&gt;)pyrene. We further determined the role of IGF-IR signaling in lung tumorigenesis by determining the antitumor activities of the selective IGF-IR tyrosine kinase inhibitor &lt;i&gt;cis&lt;/i&gt;-3-[3-(4-methyl-piperazin-l-yl)-cyclobutyl]-1-(2-phenyl-quinolin-7-yl)-imidazo [1,5-&lt;i&gt;a&lt;/i&gt;]pyrazin-8-ylamine using an &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; progressive cell system and an &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; mouse model with a lung-specific &lt;i&gt;IGF-I&lt;/i&gt; transgene after exposure to TCs, including 4-(methylnitrosamino)-I-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone plus benzo(&lt;i&gt;a&lt;/i&gt;)pyrene. Our results show that airway epithelial cells produce IGFs in an autocrine or paracrine manner, and these IGFs act jointly with TCs to enhance lung carcinogenesis. Furthermore, the use of selective IGF-IR inhibitors may be a rational approach to controlling lung cancer. [Cancer Res 2009;69(18):7439–48]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Bevacizumab in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients without metastasis and without invasion of the portal vein (2005)

4122 Bevacizumab in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients without metastasis and without invasion of the portal vein Background: HCC is a vascular tumor; angiogenesis contributes to pathogenesis. Bevacizumab (anti-VEGF) delays progression in colon cancer and its effect may be dose-dependent. VEGF-inhibition has not been previously attempted in cirrhosis. Methods: We enrolled patients with unresectable HCC to bevacizumab at 5mg/kg or 10mg/kg every 14 days to assess safety and preliminary efficacy. Inclusion criteria were BR < 3.0mg/dl, transaminases 75K and PT within 4 seconds of normal. Additional criteria included no history of gastrointestinal bleed, myocardial infarction, stroke, or condition requiring antiplatelet or antithrombotic therapy. Results: An initial safety assessment indicates that 10 of 11 patients treated for at least 8 weeks tolerated bevacizumab at 5mg/kg with minimal toxicity. Two patients had serious esophageal bleeding which was likely secondary to progression of HCC and liver disease (although contribution of drug to these events cannot be excluded). The protocol has been modified to identify and treat esophageal varices prior to enrollment. Three patients treated at 10mg/kg have undergone at least 8 weeks of therapy with minimal toxicity (grade 1 fatigue, abdominal pain and diarrhea). For the first 13 patients evaluable for efficacy, 11 have had confirmed response or stability. Two patients had disease progression at less than 4 months. Two patients had partial responses, one with eventual progression at 11.3 months. For the 9 patients with stable disease, 6 had eventual progression at 5.5, 6.5, 6.5, 6.7, 7.2, and 7.6 months. Three others have ongoing stability at 3.5+, 3.9+, and 12.7+ months. At least four of the patients with confirmed response/stability had documented rapidly-progressing disease in the months before receiving therapy. Conclusions: Bevacizumab can be given safely at both 5mg/kg and 10mg/kg in HCC patients with localized, unresectable HCC, preserved liver function and no significant esophageal varices. Preliminary results suggest significant disease-modifying effect, including 6+ month stability in patients with prior rapid growth. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Inherited RORB pathogenic variants: Overlap of photosensitive genetic generalized and occipital lobe epilepsy (2020)

Variants in RORB have been reported in eight individuals with epilepsy, with phenotypes ranging from eyelid myoclonia with absence epilepsy to developmental and epileptic encephalopathies. We identified novel RORB variants in 11 affected individuals from four families. One was from whole genome sequencing and three were from RORB screening of three epilepsy cohorts: developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (n = 1021), overlap of generalized and occipital epilepsy (n = 84), and photosensitivity (n = 123). Following interviews and review of medical records, individuals' seizure and epilepsy syndromes were classified. Three novel missense variants and one exon 3 deletion were predicted to be pathogenic by in silico tools, not found in population databases, and located in key evolutionary conserved domains. Median age at seizure onset was 3.5 years (0.5-10 years). Generalized, predominantly absence and myoclonic, and occipital seizures were seen in all families, often within the same individual (6/11). All individuals with epilepsy were photosensitive, and seven of 11 had cognitive abnormalities. Electroencephalograms showed generalized spike and wave and/or polyspike and wave. Here we show a striking RORB phenotype of overlap of photosensitive generalized and occipital epilepsy in both individuals and families. This is the first report of a gene associated with this overlap of epilepsy syndromes.
A resource management architecture over differentiated services domains for guarantee of bandwidth, delay and jitter (2002)

Network-based applications like video and voice over IP (VoIP), require guarantee of end-to-end QoS. The guarantee of end-to-end QoS requires an efficient resource management mechanism that can reserve/control resources like bandwidth, delay and jitter according to a policy for immediate and future resource utilization. Only a few resource management architectures called the resource manager (RM) have been implemented till today but all of them manage only the bandwidth in a network. We propose ENICOM's policy based resource manager (PREM) to address the above issues. PREM provides a set of useful API to make, cancel and change resource reservations and it can manage not only bandwidth but also delay and jitter which is possible mainly due to a highly efficient algorithm called the resource tracker (RTK). The RTK tracks resource reservation and availability in time using timeslices. We describe PREM and it's various components, which enable it to provide guarantee of end-to-end QoS in terms of bandwidth, delay and jitter.
Global Genetic Differences in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck (2002)

Comparative genomic hybridization has highlighted a number of common genetic events in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. The prevalence of individual aberrations differed between centers. Further cooperative multicenter studies of this technique are warranted.
Acoustofluidics 8: Applications of acoustophoresis in continuous flow microsystems (2012)

This acoustofluidics tutorial focuses on continuous flow-based half wavelength resonator systems operated in the transversal mode, where the direction of the primary acoustic force acts in plane with the microchip. The transversal actuation mode facilitates integration with up- and downstream microchannel networks as well as visual control of the acoustic focusing experiment. Applications of particle enrichment in an acoustic half wavelength resonator are discussed as well as clarification of the carrier fluid from undesired particles. Binary separation of particle/vesicle/cell mixtures into two subpopulations is outlined based on the different polarities of the acoustic contrast factor. Furthermore, continuous flow separation of different particle/cell types is described where both Free Flow Acoustophoresis (FFA) and binary acoustophoresis are utilized. By capitalizing on the laminar flow regime, acoustophoresis has proven especially successful in performing bead/cell translations between different buffer systems. Likewise, the ability to controllably translate particulate matter across streamlines has opened a route to valving of cells/particles without any moving parts, where event triggered cell sorting is becoming an increasing area of activity. Recent developments now also enable measurements of fundamental cell properties such as density and compressibility by means of acoustophoresis. General aspects on working with live cells in acoustophoresis systems are discussed as well as available means to quantify the outcome of cell and particle separation experiments performed by acoustophoresis.
Temperature compensated bulk acoustic thin film resonators (2002)

Thin film resonators have been made that exhibit a high degree of temperature compensation. These resonators are composed of piezoelectric aluminum nitride films, aluminum top and bottom electrodes, and are compensated with layers of silicon dioxide within the resonator. The resonators are fabricated with the solidly mounted resonator (SMR) configuration using a sequence of aluminum nitride and silicon dioxide reflector layers. Silicon dioxide has a positive temperature coefficient and can be used to offset the -25 ppm per degree C coefficient of aluminum nitride. Results are reported on hermetic packaging, temperature cycle testing, temperature coefficient measurements, and preliminary ageing.
CO 2 含量对污泥燃烧Fuel-N析出特性的影响 (2019)

在模拟水泥分解炉气氛条件下，考察了CO2浓度对污泥燃料N（Fuel-N）析出特性的影响，结果表明污泥Fuel-N的析出形式主要为NH3、HCN及NOx.在研究的CO2浓度范围（体积分数0~35%）内，CO2浓度的升高将消耗更多的含氮位点和H自由基，导致NH3的析出受到抑制；而CO2能直接氧化HCN或—CN官能团，导致HCN的析出随着CO2浓度的升高逐渐降低.NOx的析出量随CO2含量的升高先减小后升高，在25%时达到最小值.NOx的生成和还原反应是同步发生的，在燃烧温度和O2含量一定的情况下，NOx的析出主要受NOx还原反应的影响，研究表明燃烧过程中同时存在NOx的气相均相还原反应和气固异相还原反应.当CO2浓度从0上升至25%时，CO2分子与污泥焦反应生成的CO相对增加，在污泥焦表面的催化作用下，NOx被CO还原的量增多，此时污泥焦对NOx的气固异相还原占据主导地位；继续增加CO2浓度至35%时，还原性气体HCN生成幅度下降较大，此时HCN、NH3对NOx的气气均相还原占据主导地位，导致NOx的析出逐渐升高.
Imaging of Primaries and Multiples with Image Space Surface Related Multiple Elimination (2011)

This paper discusses the imaging of both primaries and multiples using dual-sensor data. The initial surface time data is obtained from wavefield separation of dual-sensor marine towed streamer data. After separation, seismic images are obtained by downward continuing the up and down going wavefields and applying appropriate imaging conditions. The depth extrapolation framework can be used to create depth images of primaries, multiples as a signal, and multiples as noise that can then be adaptively subtracted from the reflector images of the primaries and multiples. Each of these depth images is generated from the same image space shot migration framework. Subsurface offset gathers can easily be computed during imaging and then transformed to angle gathers. The gathers provide input for further offset or angle dependent processing. They also provide useful information regarding multiple noise and crosstalk.
Wavefront error measurement of high-numerical-aperture optics with a Shack-Hartmann sensor and a point source (2007)

We developed a new, to the best of our knowledge, test method to measure the wavefront error of the high-NA optics that is used to read the information on the high-capacity optical data storage devices. The main components are a pinhole point source and a Shack-Hartmann sensor. A pinhole generates the high-NA reference spherical wave, and a Shack-Hartmann sensor constructs the wavefront error of the target optics. Due to simplicity of the setup, it is easy to use several different wavelengths without significant changes of the optical elements in the test setup. To reduce the systematic errors in the system, a simple calibration method was developed. In this manner, we could measure the wavefront error of the NA 0.9 objective with the repeatability of 0.003 lambda rms (lambda = 632.8 nm) and the accuracy of 0.01 lambda rms.
Illuminating the Chemistry of Life: Design, Synthesis, and Applications of “Caged” and Related Photoresponsive Compounds (2009)

Biological systems are characterized by a level of spatial and temporal organization that often lies beyond the grasp of present day methods. Light-modulated bioreagents, including analogs of low molecular weight compounds, peptides, proteins, and nucleic acids, represent a compelling strategy to probe, perturb, or sample biological phenomena with the requisite control to address many of these organizational complexities. Although this technology has created considerable excitement in the chemical community, its application to biological questions has been relatively limited. We describe the challenges associated with the design, synthesis, and use of light-responsive bioreagents; the scope and limitations associated with the instrumentation required for their application; and recent chemical and biological advances in this field.
Effect of Catalytic and Electrochemical Acetone Hydrogenation on the I–V Characteristics of an Acetone/Hydrogen-Based Thermally Regenerative Fuel Cell (2004)

Abstract A thermally regenerative fuel cell, converting low-quality heat at around 100 °C directly into electric power, is composed of a redox reaction pair of acetone hydrogenation and 2-propanol dehydrogenation. The magnitude of its open-circuit voltage (VOC) was determined by the Gibbs energy change of acetone hydrogenation, without exhibiting activation polarization. Its short-circuit current (ISC) was insensitive to the extents of catalyst loading at the anode, in contrast to the cathode, because acetone hydrogenation proceeded more slowly than hydrogen dissociation. The ISC characteristics were improved with increasing sulfuric acid concentrations at the cathode, which would have resulted from the rate enhancement of acetone reduction due to more abundant protons usable at the catalyst sites. Both VOC and ISC of the fuel cell were increased along with increasing the acetone/2-propanol ratio in the catholyte, suggesting favorable effects of the thermodynamical acetone activity and the coverage increment of acetone at the same cathode catalyst sites.
Arm Flexion Influence on Muscle Reaction Time in Females with Active Myofascial Trigger Point (2015)

Aim: To investigate arm flexion effect on reaction time in females with upper trapezius active myofascial trigger point (MTP).
The size and conformation of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (human herpesvirus 8) DNA in infected cells and virions (1996)

The genome of a novel human herpesvirus has been detected in specimens of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) and in several AIDS-related lymphoproliferative disorders. Here we examine the size and genomic conformation of the DNA of this virus (known as KS-associated herpesvirus or human herpesvirus 8) in latently and lytically infected cells and in virions. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of viral DNA shows that the viral genome is similar in size to those of other gammaherpesviruses (160 to 170 kb). As with Epstein-Barr virus, KS-associated herpesvirus DNA is stably maintained in latently infected B cells as episomal monomer circles and induction from latency is associated with the selective accumulation of linear genomic forms.
The Nature of play: great apes and humans (2006)

Part 1: Background and Theory. A.D. Pellegrini, P.K. Smith, Play in Great Apes and Humans. P. Bateson, The Role of Play in the Evolution of Great Apes and Humans. Part 2: Social Play. K.P. Lewis, Social Play in the Great Apes. D.P. Fry, Rough-and-Tumble Play in Humans. Part 3: Object Play. J.K. Ramsey, W.C. McGrew, Object Play in Great Apes: Studies in Nature and Captivity. A.K. Pellegrini, K. Gustafson, Boys' and Girls' Uses of Objects for Exploration, Play, and Tools in Early Childhood. Part 4: Fantasy. J.C. Gomez, B. Martin-Andrade, Fantasy Play in Apes. P.K. Smith, Social and Pretend Play in Children. Part 5: Hunter-Gatherers and Pastoral Peoples. Y. Gosso, E. Otta, M. de Lima, S. Morais, F.J.L. Ribeiro, V.S. Raad Bussab, Play in Hunter-Gatherer Society. J. Bock, Farming, Foraging, and Children's Play in the Okavango Delta, Botswana. Part 6: Conclusion. P.K. Smith, A.D. Pellegrini, Play in Great Apes and Humans: Reflections on Continuities and Discontinuities.