gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Time Will Be of the Essence in Treating Alzheimer Disease (2006)

BackgroundDecreased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) β-amyloid 42 (Aβ42) concentration, but not Aβ40 concentration, is a biomarker for Alzheimer disease. This Aβ42 concentration decrease in CSF likely reflects precipitation of Aβ42 in amyloid plaques in brain parenchyma. This pathogenic plaque deposition begins years before the clinical expression of dementia in Alzheimer disease. Normal aging and the presence of the apolipoprotein E (APOE*4) allele are the most important known risk factors for Alzheimer disease.ObjectiveTo estimate the interactive effects of normal aging and presence of the APOE*4 allele on CSF Aβ42 concentration in adults with normal cognition across the life span.DesignThe CSF was collected in the morning after an overnight fast using Sprotte 24-g atraumatic spinal needles. The CSF Aβ42 and Aβ40 concentrations were measured in the 10th milliliter of CSF collected by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The APOE genotype was determined by a restriction digest method.SubjectsOne hundred eighty-four community volunteers with normal cognition aged 21 to 88 years.ResultsThe CSF Aβ42, but not the Aβ40, concentration decreased significantly with age. There was a sharp decrease in CSF Aβ42 concentration beginning in the sixth decade in subjects with the APOE*4 allele. This age-associated decrease in CSF Aβ42 concentration was significantly and substantially greater in subjects with the APOE*4 allele compared with those without the APOE*4 allele.ConclusionsThese CSF Aβ42 findings are consistent with acceleration by the APOE*4 allele of pathogenic Aβ42 brain deposition starting in later middle age in persons with normal cognition.
Genetic bases of early root growth in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum l.) (2018)

This presentation describes the genetic bases of early root growth in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum l.) and consider pearl millet as as a crop for African agriculture adaption to future climates.
Microstructural Evolution in Liquid‐Phase‐Sintered SiC: Part II, Effects of Planar Defects and Seeds in the Starting Powder (2001)

The effects of planar‐defect density in a β‐SiC starting powder and the addition of α‐SiC seeds to that powder on microstructural evolution in liquid‐phase‐sintered (LPS) SiC have been studied separately. Planar‐defect density is altered by appropriate heat treatment of an as‐received β‐SiC starting powder. It was found that a decrease in the planar‐defect density in the powder retards the β→α phase transformation rate. It is proposed that, because nucleation of α‐SiC occurs on the planar defects present in the β‐SiC starting powders, the nucleation rate and the attendant rate of transformation decrease with a reduction in planar‐defect density. Consequently, this reduces the frequency of formation of elongated β/α composite grains, resulting in lower average aspect ratios, as the initial untransformed β‐SiC grains coarsen in an equiaxed manner. In contrast, addition of external α‐SiC seeds has no effect on the β→α phase transformation rate, although a significant reduction in the average aspect ratio occurs. It is proposed that preferential equiaxed coarsening of the α‐SiC seeds over elongated coarsening of β/α composite grains occurs, resulting in a reduction of overall coarsening anisotropy.
Associations between HLA Class I Alleles and Escape Mutations in the Hepatitis B Virus Core Gene in New Zealand-Resident Tongans (2009)

The full repertoire of hepatitis B virus (HBV) peptides that bind to the common HLA class I molecules found in areas with a high prevalence of chronic HBV infection has not been determined. This information may be useful for designing immunotherapies for chronic hepatitis B. We identified amino acid residues under positive selection pressure in the HBV core gene by phylogenetic analysis of cloned DNA sequences obtained from HBV DNA extracted from the sera of Tongan subjects with inactive, HBeAg-negative chronic HBV infections. The repertoires of positively selected sites in groups of subjects who were homozygous for either HLA-B*4001 (n = 10) or HLA-B*5602 (n = 7) were compared. We identified 13 amino acid sites under positive selection pressure. A significant association between an HLA class I allele and the presence of nonsynonymous mutations was found at five of these sites. HLA-B*4001 was associated with mutations at E77 (P = 0.05) and E113 (P = 0.002), and HLA-B*5602 was associated with mutations at S21 (P = 0.02). In addition, amino acid mutations at V13 (P = 0.03) and E14 (P = 0.01) were more common in the seven subjects with an HLA-A*02 allele. In summary, we have developed an assay that can identify associations between HLA class I alleles and HBV core gene amino acids that mutate in response to selection pressure. This is consistent with published evidence that CD8(+) T cells have a role in suppressing viral replication in inactive, HBeAg-negative chronic HBV infection. This assay may be useful for identifying the clinically significant HBV peptides that bind to common HLA class I molecules.
SAGITTAL SPINOPELVIC PARAMETERS OF CHILDREN WITH EARLY ONSET SCOLIOSIS (2012)

Purpose Spinopelvic parameters describe the orientation, shape, and morphology of the spine and pelvis. In children without spinal deformity, these parameters have been shown to change during the first ten years of life; however, spinopelvic parameters have yet to be defined in children with significant Early Onset Scoliosis (EOS). The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of EOS on sagittal spinopelvic alignment. Method Standing, lateral radiographs of 82 untreated patients with EOS greater than 50 degrees were evaluated. Sagittal spine parameters (sagittal balance, thoracic kyphosis (TK), lumbar lordosis (LL)) and sagittal pelvic parameters (pelvic incidence (PI), pelvic tilt (PT), sacral slope (SS), modified pelvic radius angle (PR)) were measured. These results were compared to those reported by Mac-Thiong et al (Spine, 2004) for a group of asymptomatic (i.e. without spinal deformity) children of similar age. Results These patients had a mean age of 5.17 years and mean scoliosis of 73.3 17.3. Mean sagittal spine parameters were: sagittal balance (+2.4 4.03 cm), TK (38.2 20.8), and LL (47.8 17.7). These values were similar to those reported for asymptomatic subjects. Mean sagittal pelvic parameters were measured for PI (47.1 15.6), PT (10.3 10.7), SS (35.5 12.2), and PR (57.1 21.2). Although PI was similar to age-matched normals, PT was significantly higher and SS trended lower in the study population. Conclusion Sagittal plane spine parameters in children with EOS were similar to those found in children without spinal deformity. Likewise, pelvic parameters (PI, SS, PR) were similar; however, those children with EOS signs of pelvic retroversion (increased pelvic tilt). This data may be useful as a baseline in determining prognosis for children with EOS who are treated with growing systems.
MicroRNAs in blood and cerebrospinal fluid as diagnostic biomarkers of multiple sclerosis and to monitor disease progression (2019)

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. It is the main cause of non-traumatic neurological disability in young adults. Multiple sclerosis mostly affects people aged 20-50 years; however, it can occur in young children and much older adults. Factors identified in the distribution of MS include age, gender, genetics, environment, and ethnic background. Multiple sclerosis is usually associated with progressive degrees of disability. The disease involves demyelination of axons of the central nervous system and causes brain and spinal cord neuronal loss and atrophy. Diagnosing multiple sclerosis is based on a patient's medical history including symptoms, physical examination, and various tests such as magnetic resonance imaging, cerebrospinal fluid and blood tests, and electrophysiology. The disease course of multiple sclerosis is not well correlated with the biomarkers presently used in clinical practice. Blood-derived biomarkers that can detect and distinguish the different phenotypes in multiple sclerosis may be advantageous in personalized treatment with disease-modifying drugs and to predict response to treatment. The studies reviewed have shown that the expression levels of a large number of miRNAs in peripheral blood, serum, exosomes isolated from serum, and cerebrospinal fluid are altered in multiple sclerosis and can distinguish the disease phenotypes from each other. Further studies are warranted to independently validate these findings so that individual or pairs of miRNAs in serum or cerebrospinal fluid can be used as potential diagnostic markers for adult and pediatric multiple sclerosis and for monitoring disease progression and response to therapy.
Ultrasonic seed treatment improved morpho-physiological and yield traits and reduced grain Cd concentrations in rice (2021)

Rice cultivation under cadmium (Cd) contaminated soil often results in reduced growth with excess grain Cd concentrations. A pot experiment was conducted to assess the potential of ultrasonic seed treatment to alleviate Cd stress in rice. Seeds of two aromatic rice cultivars i.e., Xiangyaxiangzhan and Meixiangzhan 2 and two non-aromatic rice cultivars i.e., Huahang 31 and Guangyan 1 were exposed to ultrasonic waves for 1.5 min in 20-40 KHz mixing frequency. The experimental treatments were comprised of untreated seeds (U0) and ultrasonic treated seeds (U1) transplanted in un-contaminated soil (H0) and Cd-contaminated soil (H1). Results revealed that Cd contents and Cd accumulation in grain in U1 were 33.33-42.31% and 12.86-57.58% lower than U0 for fragrant rice cultivars under H1. Meanwhile, biomass production was higher in U1 than U0 under H0 and better yield was assessed in U1 for all cultivars under H1. The activity of peroxidase (POD) in flag leaves was increased by 8.28-115.65% for all cultivars while malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were significantly decreased in U1 compared with U0 under H0. Conclusively, ultrasonic treatment modulated Cd distribution and accumulation in different parts while improved physiological performance as well as yield and grain quality of rice under Cd contaminated conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Fluorescent Photoinduced Electron Transfer (PET) Sensing of Anions Using Charge Neutral Chemosensors. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Testing Quaternion Properness: Generalized Likelihood Ratios And Locally Most Powerful Invariants (2011)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Barcelona, Spain, 2011
Optimized Design of Microcoil Resonators (2007)

Various methods to overcome the difficulties in the fabrication of high-quality (Q) optical nanofiber microcoil resonators are investigated. Modifications of the resonator geometry by wrapping the nanofiber over nonuniform rods and/or by varying the pitch alter the resonator Q-factor significantly. These effects are quantified, and geometries, which allow for enhanced tolerance to fabrication uncertainties, are identified. These simulations apply equally to the fabrication of high-Q microcoil resonators with nanofibers suspended in air or embedded in low-refractive-index materials.
Bit rate/bit error rate monitor (1986)

Measurement of Bit Rate (BR) amp; Bit Error Rate (BER)13; is essential f o r the assessment of performance of digital13; communication equipment including those of Fibreoptic (FOf13; digital data transmission. A very simple, easy to fabricate BR / BER monitor is described here. Both CMOS amp; TTL ICs are used here. This can be used for bit rates upto 10 MB/s and for both CMOS amp; TTL compatible equipment.
Composition-control of magnetron-sputter-deposited (BaxSr1−x)Ti1+yO3+z thin films for voltage tunable devices (2000)

Precise control of composition and microstructure is critical for the production of (BaxSr1−x)Ti1+yO3+z (BST) dielectric thin films with the large dependence of permittivity on electric field, low losses, and high electrical breakdown fields that are required for successful integration of BST into tunable high-frequency devices. Here, we present results on composition-microstructure-electrical property relationships for polycrystalline BST films produced by magnetron-sputter deposition, that are appropriate for microwave and millimeter-wave applications such as varactors and frequency triplers. Films with controlled compositions were grown from a stoichiometric Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 target by control of the background processing gas pressure. It was determined that the (Ba+Sr)/Ti ratios of these BST films could be adjusted from 0.73 to 0.98 by changing the total (Ar+O2) process pressure, while the O2/Ar ratio did not strongly affect the metal ion composition. Film crystalline structure and dielectric properties as a function of the (Ba+Sr)/Ti ratio are discussed. Optimized BST films yielded capacitors with low dielectric losses (0.0047), among the best reported for sputtered BST, while still maintaining tunabilities suitable for device applications.
Influence of Homoallylic Fluorine Atoms on the Regioselectivity of the Wacker Reaction (2005)

Wacker oxidation reaction of terminal olefins bearing one or two fluorine atoms at a homoallylic position led to a ratio aldehyde/methyl ketone much higher than that observed with their non-fluorinated analogues. This regioselectivity can be ascribed to a specific interaction between fluorine atoms and palladium, or to a peculiar influence of the halogens on the double bond.
Pooled post hoc analysis of population pharmacokinetics of oxycodone and acetaminophen following a single oral dose of biphasic immediate-release/extended-release oxycodone/acetaminophen tablets (2015)

This analysis evaluated the single-dose population pharmacokinetics (PK) of biphasic immediate-release (IR)/extended-release (ER) oxycodone (OC)/acetaminophen (APAP) 7.5/325 mg tablets administered under fasted conditions and the effects of a meal on their single-dose population PK. Data were pooled from four randomized, single-dose crossover trials enrolling healthy adult (18-55 years old) participants (three trials) and nondependent recreational users of prescription opioids (one trial) with a body weight of ≥59 kg. Participants received IR/ER OC/APAP 7.5/325 mg tablets in single doses of 7.5/325 mg (one tablet), 15/650 mg (two tablets), or 30/1,300 mg (four tablets) under fasted or fed conditions. Six variables were examined: sex, race, age, weight, height, and body mass index. Single-dose population PK was analyzed using first-order conditional estimation methods. A total of 151 participants were included in the analysis under fasted conditions, and 31 participants were included in the fed analysis. Under fasted conditions, a 10% change in body weight was accompanied by ~7.5% change in total body clearance (CL/F) and volume of distribution (V/F) of OC and APAP. Black participants had 17.3% lower CL/F and a 16.9% lower V/F of OC compared with white participants. Under fed conditions, the absorption rate constant of OC and APAP decreased significantly, although there was no effect on CL/F and V/F. Considering that the recommended dose for IR/ER OC/APAP 7.5/325 mg tablets is two tablets every 12 hours, adjustments of <50% are not clinically relevant. Dose adjustment may be necessary for large deviations from average body weight, but the small PK effects associated with race and consumption of a meal are not clinically relevant.
Mutarotation of tetramethylglucose catalyzed by ribonucleosides (1997)

The inherent catalytic ability of various 2′, 3′, 5′ tri-OTBS protected RNA nucleosides in facilitating mutarotation of tetramethylglucose in benzene was investigated. Nucleosides A, G, and Ψ showed modest rate enhancements (3–5 fold) over the uncatalyzed rate whereas C demonstrated a rate increase of over 20-fold. The relatively large rate increase for C points to a bifunctional mode of catalysis wherein the amidine functionality of C provides simultaneous acceptance and deliverance of protons in the catalytic mechanism.
Cytochemical observations on the centriolar adjunct of grasshopper spermatids in relation to its silver stainability (1990)

SUMMARY The silver stainability of the centriolar adjunct from grasshopper spermatids was analysed after blocking ‐SH groups with heavy cations (lead, mercury), or following the conversion of ‐SH and ‐S‐S groups into sulphonates (permanganate oxidation). These treatments produced the loss of silver affinity in the centriolar adjunct. Likewise, the selective fluorescence of this structure by mercuridibromfluorescein was abolished after these treatments. Our results indicate that ‐SH groups are involved in staining reactions of the centriolar adjunct by silver and mercuridibromfluorescein.
A permafrost glacial hypothesis to explain atmospheric CO 2 and the ice ages during the Pleistocene (2010)

Abstract. Over the past several 100 ka glacial-interglacial cycles, the concentration of atmospheric CO2 was closely coupled to global temperature, which indicates the importance of CO2 as a greenhouse gas. The reasons for changes in atmospheric CO2 have mainly been sought in the ocean, yet proxy evidence does not support the notion of increased oceanic carbon storage during glacials. Here we present results from the first permafrost loess sequence in Siberia spanning two glacial cycles (~240 ka), which reveal that permafrost soils repeatedly sequestered huge amounts of terrestrial carbon during glacial periods. This can be explained with permafrost favouring more intensive waterlogging conditions and better preservation of soil organic matter. Terrestrial carbon stored in permafrost soils was released upon warming and provided a powerful feedback mechanism for the glacial terminations. We outline a "permafrost glacial hypothesis" building on integrated annual insolation forcing, which readily explains the observed succession of the ice ages during the Pleistocene, including the mid-Pleistocene transition.
Building an anti-interfering DNAzyme-powered micromachine resistant to being inhibited by biological matrices (2020)

A DNAzyme-powered micromachine with anti-interfering properties and displaying resistance to being inhibited by biological matrices was built. This micromachine was able to respond to a specific target in high-concentration serum or whole blood.
Highly pixelated, untethered tactile interfaces for an ultra-flexible on-skin telehaptic system (2022)

Abstract Realizing highly immersive tactile interactions requires a skin-integrated, untethered, high-definition tactile transducer devices that can record and generate tactile stimuli. However, the rigid and bulky form factor, and insufficient resolution of existing actuators are hindering the reproduction of sophisticated tactile sensations and immersive user experiences. Here, we demonstrate an ultra-flexible tactile interface with high spatial resolution of 1.8 mm for telehaptic communication on human skin. Dual mechanism sensors and sub-mm scale piezoceramic actuators are designed to record and generate the static and dynamic pressures in a wide frequency range (1 Hz to 1 kHz). Moreover, actuators are integrated on ultra-flexible substrate with chessboard pattern to minimize stress during mechanical deformations. Finally, remote transmissions of various tactile stimuli, such as shapes, textures, and vibration patterns were demonstrated by the telehaptic system with low latency (&lt;1.55 ms) and high fidelity as proven by the short-time Fourier-transform analysis.
An Expert System for Harmonizing Four-Part Chorales (1988)

Quite a few trends in algorithmic composition today are based on a streamlined formalism, for example, in the form of random generation of note attributes using elegant statistical distributions (Xenakis 1971), terse and powerful formal grammars (Jones 1981), elegant mathematical models (Kendall 1981; Vaggione 1984), or generalizations of serial composition procedures (Laske 1981). The economy and elegance of the formal representation underlying these musical styles (which are not in the least less respectable than traditional styles of music), may often have an aesthetic appeal in and of themselves. On the other hand, traditional music and most of modern music, which are usually composed without a computer, do not seem to permit such economical representations. In the traditional style, the typical basic training the composer has to go through in harmony, strict counterpoint, fugue,
Advanced Glycation End-Product Precursor Methylglyoxal May Lead to Development of Alzheimer’s Disease (2022)

Our in vivo results suggested that MG could induce AD symptoms and <i>in</i> <i>vitro</i> results implied that ERK may regulate the promotion of inflammation and Aβ formation in MG-induced reactive astrocytes. Taken together, MG may participate in the dysfunction of brain cells resulting in possible diabetes-related neurodegeneration by promoting astrogliosis, Aβ production, and neuroinflammation through the ERK pathway. Our findings provide insight of targeting ERK as a therapeutic application for diabetes-induced AD.
The hepcidin-ferroportin axis controls the iron content of Salmonella-containing vacuoles in macrophages (2018)

Macrophages release iron into the bloodstream via a membrane-bound iron export protein, ferroportin (FPN). The hepatic iron-regulatory hormone hepcidin controls FPN internalization and degradation in response to bacterial infection. Salmonella typhimurium can invade macrophages and proliferate in the Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV). Hepcidin is reported to increase the mortality of Salmonella-infected animals by increasing the bacterial load in macrophages. Here we assess the iron levels and find that hepcidin increases iron content in the cytosol but decreases it in the SCV through FPN on the SCV membrane. Loss-of-FPN from the SCV via the action of hepcidin impairs the generation of bactericidal reactive oxygen species (ROS) as the iron content decreases. We conclude that FPN is required to provide sufficient iron to the SCV, where iron serves as a cofactor for the generation of antimicrobial ROS rather than as a nutrient for Salmonella.
Effect of the surface oxidation of LiBH4 on the hydrogen desorption mechanism (2010)

The surface oxidation behavior of LiBH(4) and NaBH(4) was investigated in view of the formation and structure of the surface oxidation and its effect on the hydrogen desorption kinetics. The sample surfaces were intentionally modified by exposure to oxygen in the pressure range from 10(-10) mbar up to 200 mbar. The induced surface changes were systematically studied by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. NaBH(4) shows a low reactivity with oxygen, while LiBH(4) oxidizes rapidly, accompanied by surface segregation of Li. The hydrogen desorption kinetics of LiBH(4) were studied by thermal desorption spectroscopy with particular emphasis on the analysis of the desorbed gases, i.e. diborane and hydrogen. The surface oxidation induces the formation of a Li(2)O layer on LiBH(4), significantly reduces the desorption of diborane, and enhances the rate of hydrogen desorption.