gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cardiac phosphodiesterase 5 (cGMP‐specific) modulates β‐adrenergic signaling in vivo and is down‐regulated in heart failure (2001)

Recent studies implicate increased cGMP synthesis as a postreceptor contributor to reduced cardiac sympathetic responsiveness. Here we provide the first evidence that modulation of this interaction by cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase PDE5A is also diminished in failing hearts, providing a novel mechanism for blunted beta-adrenergic signaling in this disorder. In normal conscious dogs chronically instrumented for left ventricular pressure-dimension analysis, PDE5A inhibition by EMD82639 had modest basal effects but markedly blunted dobutamine-enhanced systolic and diastolic function. In failing hearts (tachypacing model), however, EMD82639 had negligible effects on either basal or dobutamine-stimulated function. Whole myocardium from failing hearts had 50% lower PDE5A protein expression and 30% less total and EMD92639-inhibitable cGMP-PDE activity. Although corresponding myocyte protein and enzyme activity was similar among groups, the proportion of EMD82639-inhibitable activity was significantly lower in failure cells. Immunohistochemistry confirmed PDE5A expression in both the vasculature and myocytes of normal and failing hearts, but there was loss of z-band localization in failing myocytes that suggested altered intracellular localization. Thus, PDE5A regulation of cGMP in the heart can potently modulate beta-adrenergic stimulation, and alterations in enzyme localization and reduced synthesis may blunt this pathway in cardiac failure, contributing to dampening of the beta-adrenergic response.
An Adaptive Standard Meta-data Aware Proxy Cache (2001)

Multimedia is gaining ever more importance on the Internet. This increases the need for intelligent and efficient video caches. A promising approach to improve caching efficiency is to adapt videos. With the availability of MPEG-4 it is possible to develop a standard compliant proxy cache that allows fast and efficient adaptation. We propose a modular design for an adaptive MPEG-4 video proxy that supports efficient full and partial video caching in combination with filtering options that are driven by the terminal capabilities of the client. We use the native scalability operations provided by MPEG-4, the MPEG-7 standard to describe the scalability options for a video and the emerging MPEG-21 standard to describe the terminal capabilities. In this paper, we will restrict ourselves to full video caching. The combination of adaptation with MPEG-4, MPEG-7 and client terminal capabilities is to the best of our knowledge unique and will increase the quality of service for end users.
Estrogen receptors and effects of estrogen on membrane electrical properties of coronary vascular smooth muscle (1979)

The effect of estrogen stimulation in vitro on the electrical properties of vascular smooth muscle (VSM), and the concentration of estrogen receptors in VSM were measured in isolated coronary arteries. Microelectrode measurements of the dog coronary artery membrane potential (Em) showed quiescent values of -51 millivolts (mV) and an input resistance (rin) of 10 megohms. Addition by diethylstilbestrol (DES) at 10(-6) M hyperpolarized the membrane to -64 mV and reduced input resistance (rin) to 5 megohms within 15 minutes. Extrapolation of the Em vs. log [K]o curve to zero potential gave similar values of [K]i of around 170 mM in both normal and DES treated muscles suggesting that the DES induced hyperpolarization is not due to increased Na-K pump activity. The 0.5% ethanol vehicle alone had no effect on the membrane potentials. Tetraethylammonium ion (TEA) induced action potentials in the previously quiescent tissue. When DES was applied in the presence of TEA, the membrane potential increased and the action potentials were abolished. Scatchard analysis of the estrogen receptor binding demonstrated both a high and a low affinity receptor for estrogen in the VSM. These data indicate that DES hyperpolarizes the VSM cells by a mechanism other than an increased Na-K pump activity. The mechanism of this increased Em may be due to factors which increase K+ conductance either mediated directly through estrogen interaction with its cytosolic receptors or through some unidentified second mechanism.
Novel Catalyst Systems for Phenol Synthesis by Vapor Phase Oxidation of Benzoic Acid (1995)

Abstract Nickel, iron, and cobalt oxides showed excellent catalytic activities for the vapor-phase oxidation of benzoic acid to phenol at the reaction temperature of 400 °C. The combination of these metal oxides, catalyst preparation by precipitation followed by calcination at 800 °C, and addition of Na2O to the catalyst about 1% by weight enhanced the conversion of benzoic acid and the selectivity to phenol. The structure of precipitation catalyst, Fe/Ni atomic ratio on the catalyst surface and formation of sodium benzoate on the catalyst surface play important roles for the optimization of catalyst activity. The novel catalyst systems could throw a new light on a one-step phenol synthesis from toluene. Appreciable one-pass phenol yield was obtained using a binary catalyst system consisting of V2O5–K2SO4–TiO2 and NiO–Fe2O3–Na2O, in which V2O5–K2SO4/TiO2 worked as a catalyst for toluene oxidation to benzoic acid and NiO–Fe2O3–Na2O functioned as a catalyst for benzoic acid to phenol.
R-166. Molecular diagnosis of Y chromosome deletions in infertile patients with reduced sperm production (1999)

each), and subsequently denuded.Matured human oocytes were used which failed to fertilize after IVF or ICSI, but still showed their first polar bodies (day 2 after oocyte retrieval).Oocytes were swollen in manipulation medium (2 parts Ham's
Characterization of High Early-Strength, Self-Consolidating Concrete for Design of Pretensioned Bridge Elements (2010)

Self-consolidating concrete (SCC) is an innovative construction material that can be placed into forms without mechanical vibration. Precast, prestressed concrete plants require that the concrete used to fabricate their structural members attain high early strength. High early-strength SCC could provide significant value for precast plants. However, the high early-strength SCC mixture constituents, proportions, and construction may affect the hardened properties, and SCC may not provide the same performance as conventional concrete. SCC and conventional concrete mixture proportions designed for precast, prestressed bridge elements were evaluated to characterize the associated mechanical properties, shear characteristics, bond characteristics, and creep. To assess the applicability of SCC in prestressed girder systems, four full-scale girder–deck systems containing conventional concrete and SCC precast girders were fabricated and tested. Results from this research indicate that the AASHTO Load and Resistance Factor Design Specifications can be used to estimate the mechanical properties of high early-strength SCC. With respect to shear characteristics, a more appropriate expression is proposed to estimate the concrete shear strength for SCC girders with a compressive strength greater than 10 ksi (69 MPa). Bridge girder–deck systems containing relatively small (Texas Type A) girders containing high early-strength SCC exhibited similar flexural performance as bridge girder–deck systems with girders containing conventional concrete. Results indicate that the AASHTO equations for computing the nominal moment capacity, strand transfer length, and strand development length may be used for SCC girder–deck systems similar to those tested in this study.
Measurement of Indocyanine Green Dye Is Improved by Use of Polyethylene Glycol to Reduce Plasma Turbidity (2001)

Indocyanine Green (ICG; CardioGreen®; Akorn Inc.) is a sterile, water-soluble dye that is used clinically as a dilution indicator for studies involving the heart, liver, lungs, and circulation. When ICG is infused intravenously into the bloodstream, it rapidly binds to plasma proteins and thereby is confined to the vascular space (1)(2). ICG is removed exclusively by the liver at the rate of 18–24% per minute (2), so the elimination of ICG follows an exponential curve with a half-life of ∼150–180 s (3).

The concentration of ICG is determined spectrophotometrically with undiluted plasma samples at 805 nm. Substances that alter the absorbance of the plasma interfere with the accuracy of the measurements. Background opacity or turbidity of plasma is predominantly linked to the non-albumin fraction of the plasma proteins and is manifested by variation in the background absorbance reading. The manufacturer of ICG states that ICG binds primarily (95%) to albumin, with lesser binding to α2-globulins. Therefore, the accuracy of measuring ICG may be improved by first removing the non-albumin fraction of the plasma proteins.

Zweens and Frankena (4) used polyethylene glycol (PEG) to precipitate the non-albumin fraction of the plasma proteins in a study involving another dilution indicator, Evan’s blue dye. Evan’s blue dye, like ICG, attaches primarily to albumin, but it is measured at a different wavelength. The authors showed that the variable background absorbance of plasma at 620 nm was virtually eliminated by mixing plasma samples with equal volumes of a 240 g/L solution of PEG (mean molecular …
Data for A superconductor free of quasiparticles for seconds (2021)

Source data for figures in the paper "A superconductor free of quasiparticles for seconds" (https://arxiv.org/abs/2102.00484).
Establishment of an Osteoid Preosteocyte-like Cell MLO-A5 That Spontaneously Mineralizes in Culture (2001)

Abstract The mechanisms controlling the initiation of mineralization of bone matrix are not clear. To examine this process, we established a cell line called MLO-A5 that mineralizes in sheets, not nodules, within 3 days of culture in the presence of β-glycerophosphate (β-GP) and ascorbic acid and within 7 days in the absence of β-GP and ascorbic acid. The mineral formed in both cases was shown to be bonelike apatite by Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Mineral-to-matrix ratios (min/matrix) calculated from the FTIR data, which are related directly to ash weight, were approximately 0.4 in the absence of β-GP and ascorbic acid and approximately 1.2 in the presence of β-GP and ascorbic acid. By comparison, these ratios in fetal rat calvarial cells without β-GP equal 0 and with β-GP 1.9. This cell line and three others (MLO-A2, −D1, and −D6) were isolated from the long bones of transgenic mice expressing the large T-antigen driven by the osteocalcin promoter, the same mice from which the osteocyte-like cell line MLO-Y4 was isolated.(1) The cell lines were selected based on a dendritic or stellate morphology. MLO-A5 cells express high alkaline phosphatase, collagen type 1, parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTH/PTHrP) receptor, bone sialoprotein (BSP), and osteocalcin (767 ng/106 cells compared with &amp;lt;1–2.2 ng/106 cell for primary mouse osteoblasts and five osteoblast cell lines). The single unique feature of the MLO-A5 cells compared with the other three nonmineralizing cell lines is the high expression of messenger RNA (mRNA) for BSP. These cell lines may represent stages of osteocyte differentiation and the MLO-A5 cells represent the postosteoblast, preosteocyte responsible for triggering mineralization of osteoid.
A reconfigurable integrated circuit for high performance computer arithmetic (1998)

In this paper, we present the design of a novel Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) which contains the necessary logic elements to support high performance computer arithmetic. The FPGA contains a routing framework and logic cell structure that is suitable for implementing digital systems for computer arithmetic, image processing, digital signal processing and similar computationally intensive applications. The proposed architecture is flexible, reconfigurable and will support operands of various sizes for fixed point parallel and serial binary computations.
A Configurable and Extensible Transport Protocol (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> The ability to configure transport protocols from collections of smaller software modules allows the characteristics of the protocol to be customized for a specific application or network technology. This paper describes a configurable transport protocol system called CTP in which microprotocols implementing individual attributes of transport can be combined into a composite protocol that realizes the desired overall functionality. In addition to describing the overall architecture of CTP and its microprotocols, this paper also presents experiments on both local area and wide area platforms that illustrate the flexibility of CTP and how its ability to match more closely application needs can result in better application performance. The prototype implementation of CTP has been built using the C version of the Cactus microprotocol composition framework running on Linux. </para>
Numerical integration approach to on-line identification of continuous systems in presence of measurement noise (1989)

Abstract A new approach via numerical integration is presented for on-line identification of linear SISO continuous systems from sampled data of input-output measurements when the output is corrupted by noise. The so called linear integral filter is employed to handle the time derivatives of measured signals, and some of its important properties are discussed. By using it, a linear-in-parameters identification model and a usual discrete time model are derived, respectively, for parameter estimation and consistency analysis. The consistency properties of the LS algorithm and an IV algorithm with the instrumental variable consisting of some combinations of input signals are analyzed theoretically and demonstrated in simulations.
Effect of Chronic Bile Duct Obstruction and LPS Upon Targeting of Naproxen to the Liver Using Naproxen-Albumin Conjugate (1998)

Naproxen covalently linked to human serum albumin (NAP-HSA) is efficiently targeted to endothelial and Kupffer cells of the liver and may offer a new therapeutic approach in the treatment of liver disease associated with inflammatory processes. In the present investigation we explored the pharmacokinetic behaviour of targeted and non-targeted naproxen as well as the pharmacokinetic properties of the active metabolite, Naproxen lysine (Nap lysine), in rats rendered fibrotic by bile duct ligation (BDL) for 4 weeks. Furthermore, we studied the effect of endotoxemia, experimentally induced by intravenous injection of 800 microg/kg lipopolysaccaride (LPS) upon the pharmacokinetics of these agents in order to investigate the feasibility of targeting naproxen to non-parenchymal cells in the inflamed and fibrotic liver. Our studies demonstrate that liver disease altered the pharmacokinetic behaviour of the different naproxen compounds. Thus, initial plasma concentrations of NAP HSA and naproxen were markedly lower in BDL rats accompanied by an increase of the volume of distribution during the terminal elimination phase (Vd(beta) BDL vs control 114 +/- 63 vs 50 +/- 7 and 202 +/- 24 vs 115 +/- 11 ml/kg for naproxen and NAP-HSA, respectively). After injection of LPS, no significant change in the pharmacokinetics of NAP-HSA was found whereas the naproxen treated control animals showed an increase in the terminal volume of distribution (176 +/- 34 vs 115 +/- 11 ml/kg) as well as an elevation of the plasma half-life (171 +/- 27 vs 116 +/- 14 min). The feasibility of targeting naproxen to the chronically diseased liver could be clearly demonstrated: 15 min after administration of the conjugate 46% and 55% of the administered dose was found in the liver of CTR and BDL rats, whereas after injection of free naproxen only 5% and 12% of the dose was detected in liver tissue, respectively. We conclude that targeting albumin-linked naproxen to non-parenchymal cells in the liver is still feasible under the pathological conditions induced in the present study. Liver fibrosis induced significant alterations in the pharmacokinetic behaviour of the studied compounds.
The Effect of Malethamer on the Excretion and Plasma Levels of Sodium, Potassium, and Chloride (1970)

The effect of malethamer on the excretion of electrolytes was studied in the rat. A single dose of 100 mg/kg p.o. had no effect on urine output of Na, K, and Cl. A diet containing 5% malethamer increased fecal but decreased urinary excretion of Na and K. The plasma Na and K levels of dogs on diets containing 25-200 mg/kg/day remained within normal ranges over a period of 16 months after which only some slight drops took place. The plasma Cl level was not affected by malethamer.
One per customer radio systems (1990)

The authors describe the work carried out at British Telecom Research Laboratories to define and prove the feasibility of an economic, single line, radio system. This one per customer, (1pC), radio system is primarily intended to be an alternative means of providing basic telephony service to customers who, typically, live in remote areas and, through their exposure to extremes of weather, can suffer a poorer quality of service due to the higher probability of failure of overhead telecommunication plant. They speculate however, that the ingenuity of those who actually build and maintain the local network may find other applications, some, perhaps, in more densely populated areas. They begin by outlining the geographic and demographic characteristics of the rural environment in the UK and the market 1pC addresses. They then review the various radio solutions for providing rural telecommunications before looking at some specific features of the 1pC system, and an outline design. >
Toward the sensor network macroscope (2005)

The Macroscope is a conceptual instrument for perceiving complex interactions, such as what occurs is ecosystems, social systems, and large-scale industrial settings. Sensor networks are a significant step toward such an instrument, because of the fidelity they offer in monitoring large regions of space and large collections of things. This talk describes our experiences in developing and deploying a large sensor network for microclimate monitoring of coastal redwood forests as a basis for studies in redwood ecophysiology. It summarizes the architecture, its implementation, and the many lessons and surprises encountered along the way. The effort produced unprecedented recordings of the microclimate dynamics indicating how these huge organisms interact with their environment.
TRANSFUSION COMPLICATIONS: Bacterial culture reduces but does not eliminate the risk of septic transfusion reactions to single‐donor platelets (2009)

With the implementation of bacterial testing, a decrease in the rate of SPTRs to SDPs from 6.6 per 100,000 to 2.0 per 100,000 transfusions was observed. Although not significant, these findings suggest a trend.
Comparison of ICD-10 and Gillberg’s Criteria for Asperger Syndrome (2000)

In this study, algorithms designed for the Diagnostic Interview for Social and Communication Disorders (DISCO) were used to compare the ICD-10 criteria for Asperger syndrome with those suggested by Gillberg. Two hundred children and adults were studied, all of whom met the ICD-10 criteria for childhood autism or atypical autism. Only three (1 percent) met criteria for ICD-10 Asperger syndrome. In contrast, 91 (45 percent) met criteria for Asperger syndrome defined by Gillberg, which more closely resemble Asperger’s own descriptions. Results showed that the discrepancy in diagnosis was due to the ICD-10 requirement for ‘normal’ development of cognitive skills, language, curiosity and self-help skills. When comparisons were based on Gillberg’s criteria only, results showed the participants diagnosed as having Asperger syndrome differed significantly from the rest on all but two of Gillberg’s criteria. However, all of these criteria could be found in some of those not diagnosed as having Asperger syndrome. The results emphasize the differences between the two diagnostic systems. They also question the value of defining a separate subgroup and suggest that a dimensional view of the autistic spectrum is more appropriate than a categorical approach.
Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the hexon, fiber, and penton regions of adenoviruses isolated from AIDS patients (2012)

Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the hexon, fiber, and penton regions of adenoviruses isolated between 1986 and 1997 from AIDS patients has been performed. Sequencing the L2 part of the hexon gene of 51 adenoviruses isolated between 1986 and 1997 from AIDS patients revealed only one type each from species A and C and two types from species B with all the remaining isolates from species D. Further sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the fiber knob region of these species D adenoviruses revealed that 28/46 were intermediate strains with conflicting hexon and fiber sequences. When the penton regions of these intermediate strains were sequenced, it became clear that some had originated from a third adenovirus type presumably by intergene recombination events. Evidence from sequencing the L1 hexon and fiber shaft regions showed no evidence of intragene recombination but penton sequences showed that recombination between the hypervariable region (HVR) and RGD regions was common. Six isolates appear to be from three new adenovirus types. Five AIDS patients showed sequential infection with different adenovirus variants and six such variants were isolated from a single patient in 2 years.
William R. Normark (1943–2008) (2008)

William R. Normark passed away on 12 January 2008 at his home in Sunnyvale, Calif., after fighting cancer for nearly 8 years. Bill was born in Seattle, Wash., but grew up a proud resident of western Wyoming. He moved to the West Coast to attend Stanford University in California for his undergraduate studies and headed to the Scripps Institution of Oceanography in La Jolla, Calif., for his Ph.D. While at Scripps, he started his pioneering studies on submarine fans using the newly developed remotely operated vehicle (ROV) Deep Tow under Fred Spiess's guidance. There, he also met his bride‐to‐be, Dorothy Jean “D.J.” Detrich. After Bill received his Ph.D., he and D.J. spent 4 years at the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis before heading west again in 1974 where Bill began a distinguished career at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in Menlo Park, Calif.