gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Strategies for Parallelizing Swarm Intelligence Algorithms (2015)

Swarm intelligence algorithms, based on multi-agent systems, are often used to solve complex problems that are not affordable through classical centralized/deterministic solutions. In many cases, to enhance the performance of such algorithms, the computation can be distributed to parallel/distributed nodes, in accordance with different strategies. Specifically, parallelization can be achieved either by partitioning the space in which agents operate among the nodes, or by assigning the entire space to each node but distributing input data through a sampling approach. Another choice is whether or not the management of conflicts is needed to prevent possible loss of data consistency. This paper discusses such issues, while referring to two well-known types of swarm intelligence algorithms -- ants and flocking -- and compares the mentioned strategies, evaluating the performance results in terms of speedup.
Statistical representation of word-initial obstruents: Further data (1987)

At the 113th Meeting of the Acoustical Society, a procedure was presented for the classification of word-initial obstruents. The procedure involved calculating FFTs at 10-ms intervals from the onset of the obstruent through the third cycle of the following vowel. These FFTs were treated as random probability distributions from which the first four moments (mean, variance, skewness, and kurtosis) were computed; computations were also made on Bark transformed FFTs. Moments calculated over the first 40 ms of voiceless stops discriminated place of articulation with 97% accuracy. Voiceless sibilants were categorized with about 98% accuracy when the Bark transformed moments from the first 20 ms of the fricatives were used. The speech sample used in the previous study only allowed comparison of obstruents across two vowel contexts. In this report, results of the moments analysis of a speech sample are presented in which all voiced and voiceless stops, as well as voiceless sibilants, are paired with six vowels, /i,a,u,æ,ʌ,e/. The efficacy of the moments in discriminating obstruents in this broader context will be discussed. [Work supported by NIH award NS13274.]
Contents of the hypertrophied postpharyngeal gland of workers and soldiers of the fire ant Solenopsis geminata (Hymenoptera: Myrmicinae) (2006)

The postpharyngeal glands of Solenopsis geminata workers and soldiers contain a variable mixture of C 20 to C 35 hydrocarbons. The soldier caste have much larger glands and correspondingly more contents. The soldiers differ from workers in containing small amounts of polyunsaturated hydrocarbons and more branched alkanes, but the percentage composition of the workers from different colonies also shows considerable variation. (Z) -9-tricosene and tricosane are important components of all examples, but the major compound in five colonies examined varied from eicosane to (Z)-9-pentacosene.
Influence of Pressure and Solutes on Ferroelectricity of Chiral Smectic Liquid Crystal (1980)

The phase transition temperature from the smectic-A to chiral smectic-C (ferroelectric) phases in DOBAMBC decreases significantly with mixing of organic materials (PAA and eicosane) but increases with applied pressure (&lt;400 bar). The dielectric constant in the ferroelectric chiral smectic-C phase decreases with increasing concentration of organic materials but does not depend strongly on applied pressure in the range studied. These results are explained in terms of the intermolecular interaction of DOBAMBC molecules.
New Perspectives on Droop Control in AC Microgrid (2017)

Virtual impedance, angle droop, and frequency droop control play important roles in maintaining system stability, and load sharing among distributed generators (DGs) in microgrid. These approaches have been developed into three totally independent concepts, but a strong correlation exists. In this letter, their similarities and differences are revealed. Some new findings are established as follows: 1) the angle droop control is intrinsically a virtual inductance method; 2) virtual inductance method can also be regarded as a special frequency droop control with a power derivative feedback; and 3) the combination of virtual inductance method and frequency droop control is equivalent to the proportional-derivative type frequency droop, which is introduced to enhance the power oscillation damping. These relationships provide new insights into the design of the control methods for DGs in microgrid.
Alopecia: effect on cancer patients' body image. (1984)

ABSTRACTAlopecia, or loss of hair, is felt by many cancer patients to be the most traumatic side effect of chemotherapy. The presence of hair contributes substantially to each person's overall appearance or body image. If a person's hair is suddenly taken away as a result of chemotherapeutic damage
Deciding Degree of Conservativeness in Initial Design Considering Risk of Future Redesign (2016)

Early in the design process, there is often mixed epistemic model uncertainty and aleatory parameter uncertainty. Later in the design process, the results of high-fidelity simulations or experiments will reduce epistemic model uncertainty and may trigger a redesign process. Redesign is undesirable because it is associated with costs and delays; however, it is also an opportunity to correct a dangerous design or possibly improve design performance. In this study, we propose a margin-based design/redesign method where the design is optimized deterministically, but the margins are selected probabilistically. The final design is an epistemic random variable (i.e., it is unknown at the initial design stage) and the margins are optimized to control the epistemic uncertainty in the final design, design performance, and probability of failure. The method allows for the tradeoff between expected final design performance and probability of redesign while ensuring reliability with respect to mixed uncertainties. The method is demonstrated on a simple bar problem and then on an engine design problem. The examples are used to investigate the dilemma of whether to start with a higher margin and redesign if the test later in the design process reveals the design to be too conservative, or to start with a lower margin and redesign if the test reveals the design to be unsafe. In the examples in this study, it is found that this decision is related to the variance of the uncertainty in the high-fidelity model relative to the variance of the uncertainty in the low-fidelity model.
Bulk-insertions into R-trees using the small-tree-large-tree approach (1998)

No abstract available.
VROOM & cC: a Method to Build Safety Cases for ISO 26262-compliant Product Lines (2013)

ISO 26262 is a functional safety standard that targets the automotive domain. This standard focuses on single system certification 1 and does not contain guidelines to certify product lines. Thus, to be ISO 26262-compliant, for each product of a product line, a company must provide almost from scratch all the work products required by the standard, including a safety case. Current product lines engineering methods represent an effective solution to systematize reuse. These methods, however, are not aligned with safety standards and thus they lose their strength when adopted to engineer safety-critical product lines. To enable and accelerate systematic reuse, we introduce VROOM & cC, a new method that by integrating traceable management of commonalities and variabilities at each step of the first two phases of the ISO 26262 safety life-cycle as well as at each stage of the safety case life-cycle permits safety managers to argue about functional safety of product line members by reusing argumentation fragments. To illustrate our approach, we consider a small-sized safety-critical product line.
Prediction of channel flow characteristics through square arrays of emergent cylinders (2013)

This paper describes a theoretical approach of turbulent flow in an infinite square array of emergent cylinders distributed uniformly along a channel bottom. Laboratory experiments were carried out to investigate the flow velocity characteristics in order to confirm this theoretical approach. A model array of vertical, rigid, circular, and threaded steel cylinders, of regular distribution, was mounted on the bed of a recirculating hydraulic channel. Measurements of the three-dimensional flow velocity components were carried out using a 3D acoustic Doppler velocimeter. At a certain distance downstream of a lateral row of cylinders, the transversal profiles of velocities and turbulence parameters are expected to be periodic functions in the lateral position whose period is the centre-to-centre spacing of two side-by-side cylinders. Some empirical expressions for predicting the turbulent flow features have been established. The formulation proposed is consistent with the experimental data over a certain range of the Reynolds number based on the cylinder diameter. In addition, a new formula to estimate the bulk drag coefficient $\overline {C_D }$CD¯ of the array of cylinders is proposed and validated.
FTIR spectra and chain conformations in the crystalline forms and clathrates of syndiotactic poly(p‐methylstyrene) (1992)

Abstract Infrared spectra of syndiotactic poly( p ‐methylstyrene) ( s ‐PPMS) samples, exhibiting various crystalline forms and clathrate structures, are reported in this contribution. Bands due to the syndiotactic stereostructure, bands typical of the two different chain conformations observed in the crystalline structures and bands sensitive to intermolecular interactions typical of the different modes of packing of chains are pointed out. The observed similarities with the case of syndiotactic polystyrene are alos indicated. A complete assignment, via FTIR analysis, of the chain conformations, is presented for all the known crystalline forms and clathrates of s ‐PPMS.
Nitric Oxide, Peripheral Neuropathy, and Diabetes (2000)

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized by abnormal carbohydrate and fat metabolism. The major classification is into type 1, or insulin-dependent DM, which results from autoimmune destruction of pancreatic ß cells, and type 2, or non-insulin-dependent DM, which is associated with varying degrees of reduced insulin secretion and elevated tissue insulin resistance. Regardless of DM type, there is an elevated risk of atherosclerotic macrovascular disease, as well as microvascular complications affecting many vascular beds that are particularly significant for kidney, peripheral nerve, and retina. The combination of neuropathy (both sensory and autonomic) and impaired circulation also causes complications such as the "diabetic foot," which leads to ulceration and amputation ().
A Dynamic Focusing Technique for Delta-Sigma-Based Beamformers (2000)

Beamformation using oversampling delta-sigma (deltasigma) modulators has been proposed for diagnostic ultrasound. Such a beamformer can reduce the size, complexity and cost of an imaging system while providing adequate signal-to-quantization noise ratio (SQNR). High quality images can also be generated if dynamic receive delays are applied correctly. Several dynamic focusing techniques were previously proposed. Generally, an additional bit or extra compensation circuit is required to preserve the power and frequency distribution of the signal. Without preserving the power and frequency distribution, the image background noise is increased. In this paper, an alternative technique is presented. The new technique exploits the symmetry of focusing delays relative to the center of a transducer array. By properly synchronizing the delays and selecting the inserted values, no noise is added to the beam sum signal and the image background level is not increased. Using real ultrasound data, it is shown that the proposed technique provides the same imaging performance as the previous approaches with reduced system complexity by using only a single bit to encode the output of the deltasigma modulator.
Evidence of tensor interactions in16O observed via (p,d) reaction (2014)

We measured the differential cross sections of the 16O(p,d) reaction populating the ground state and several low-lying excited states in 15O using 198-, 295- and 392-MeV proton beams at the Research Center for Nuclear Physics (RCNP), Osaka University, to study the effect of the tensor interactions in 16O. Dividing the cross sections for each excited state by the one for the ground state and comparing the ratios over a wide range of momentum transfer, we found a marked enhancement of the ratio for the positive-parity state(s). The observation is consistent with large components of high-momentum neutrons in the ground-state configurations of 16O due possibly to the tensor interactions.
Structural studies on avidinorubicin, a novel anthracycline with platelet aggregation inhibitory activity. (1991)

Avidinorubicin (MW 1,214, C60H86N4O22) was isolated from the cultured broth of strain NR0576 (which was identified as Streptomyces avidinii Stapley et al.) by butyl alcohol extraction, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and preparative HPLC. Avidinorubicin inhibited thrombin-induced platelet aggregation with an IC50 being 7.9 microM and was determined to be a novel anthracycline possessing two units of a new aminosugar, avidinosamine, in place of two decilonitrose groups in decilorubicin.
Content authentication and tamper detection in digital video (2002)

We report on the development of a watermarking algorithm designed for video authentication and tamper detection. The objectives are to determine unauthorized cut-and-splice or cut-insert-splice operation and quantify the extent of such editing. We demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can identify cut start and duration down to single frame precision. The approach embeds a watermark with a strong timing content, violation of which can be traced back to the parameters of the editing operation.
Incidence of cervical dysplasia and cervical cancer in women living with HIV in Denmark: comparison with the general population (2014)

Overall, WLWH develop more cervical disease than controls. However, incidences of CIN are comparable amongst WLWH and controls adherent to the National ICC screening program and with a normal baseline cytology.
An active surface for large reflector antennas (2004)

We present a solution adopted for the Noto antenna (Sicily) in order to overcome the degradation of antenna efficiency due to the gravitational deformation of the structure of large antennas. This new setup allows a substantial increase in the operating frequency, and eliminates the dependence of the antenna efficiency on elevation.
Analysis of Amino-Terminal Variants of Amyloid-β Peptides by Capillary Isoelectric Focusing Immunoassay (2013)

Here we present a novel assay for the separation and detection of amino-terminal amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide variants by capillary isoelectric focusing (CIEF) immunoassay. Specific amino-terminally truncated Aβ peptides appear to be generated by β-secretase (BACE1)-independent mechanisms and have previously been observed in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) after BACE1 inhibitor treatment in an animal model. CIEF immunoassay sensitivity is sufficient to detect total Aβ in CSF without preconcentration. To analyze low-abundance amino-terminally truncated Aβ peptides from cell culture supernatants, we developed a CIEF-compatible immunoprecipitation protocol, allowing for selective elution of Aβ peptides with very low background. CIEF immunoassay and immunoprecipitation mass spectrometry analysis identified peptides starting at residue Arg(5) as the main amino-terminal Aβ variants produced in the presence of tripartite BACE1 inhibitor in our cell culture model. The CIEF immunoassay allows for robust relative quantification of Aβ peptide patterns in biological samples. To assess the future possibility of absolute quantification, we have prepared the Aβ peptides Aβ(x-10), Aβ(x-16), and Aβ(5-38(D23S)) by using solid phase peptide synthesis as internal standards for the CIEF immunoassay.
Data from <i>SLC43A3</i> Is a Biomarker of Sensitivity to the Telomeric DNA Damage Mediator 6-Thio-2′-Deoxyguanosine (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Cell membrane transporters facilitate the passage of nucleobases and nucleosides for nucleotide synthesis and metabolism, and are important for the delivery of nucleoside analogues used in anticancer drug therapy. Here, we investigated if cell membrane transporters are involved in the cellular uptake of the nucleoside analogue DNA damage mediator 6-thio-2′-deoxyguanosine (6-thio-dG). A large panel of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines (73 of 77) were sensitive to 6-thio-dG; only four NSCLC lines were resistant to 6-thio-dG. When analyzed by microarray and RNA sequencing, the resistant NSCLC cell lines clustered together, providing a molecular signature for patients that may not respond to 6-thio-dG. Significant downregulation of solute carrier family 43 A3 (&lt;i&gt;SLC43A3&lt;/i&gt;), an equilibrative nucleobase transporter, was identified as a candidate in this molecular resistance signature. High levels of &lt;i&gt;SLC43A3&lt;/i&gt; mRNA predicted sensitivity to 6-thio-dG and therefore &lt;i&gt;SLC43A3&lt;/i&gt; could serve as a promising biomarker for 6-thio-dG sensitivity in patients with NSCLC.&lt;/p&gt;Significance:&lt;p&gt;These findings identify a biomarker of resistance to the telomeric DNA damage mediator 6-thio-2′-deoxyguanosine.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Color Reactions of Human Antibody and Normal Human Gamma Globulin1 (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTColor Reactions of Human Antibody and Normal Human Gamma Globulin1Sam M. Beiser and Elvin A. KabatCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 7, 3501–3502Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01151a502https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01151a502research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views20Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Copper silicide/silicon nanowire heterostructures: in situ TEM observation of growth behaviors and electron transport properties (2013)

Copper silicide has been studied in the applications of electronic devices and catalysts. In this study, Cu3Si/Si nanowire heterostructures were fabricated through solid state reaction in an in situ transmission electron microscope (TEM). The dynamic diffusion of the copper atoms in the growth process and the formation mechanism are characterized. We found that two dimensional stacking faults (SF) may retard the growth of Cu3Si. Due to the evidence of the block of edge-nucleation (heterogeneous) by the surface oxide, center-nucleation (homogeneous) is suggested to dominate the silicidation. Furthermore, the electrical transport properties of various silicon channel length with Cu3Si/Si heterostructure interfaces and metallic Cu3Si NWs have been investigated. The observations not only provided an alternative pathway to explore the formation mechanisms and interface properties of Cu3Si/Si, but also suggested the potential application of Cu3Si at nanoscale for future processing in nanotechnology.
Wafer-level assembly and sealing of a MEMS nanoreactor forin situmicroscopy (2010)

This paper presents a new process for the fabrication of MEMS-based nanoreactors for in situ atomic-scale imaging of nanoparticles under relevant industrial conditions. The fabrication of the device is completed fully at wafer level in an ISO 5 clean room and it is based on silicon fusion bonding and thin film encapsulation for sealed lateral electrical feedthroughs. The fabrication process considerably improves the performances of previous nanoreactors. The wafer-level assembly allows faster preparation of devices, hydrocarbon contamination is no longer observed and the control of the channel height leads to a better flow reproducibility. The channel is shown to be sufficiently hermetic to work in the vacuum of a transmission electron microscope while a pressure of 100 kPa is maintained inside the nanoreactor. The transparency is demonstrated by the atomic scale imaging of YBCO nanoparticles, with a line spacing resolution of 0.19 nm.
A Rational Mining Strategy for Proof-of-Work Consensus Algorithms (2022)

To maintain a secured, universal state of a blockchain, Proof-of-Work consensus algorithms economically incentivize miners to compete for block creation through hashing-based challenge solving. Nowadays, the default mining strategy consists in including as many transactions as possible in a block so as to maximize the block reward. Unfortunately, this strategy also maximizes the risk of block orphaning. In this work, we propose a rational mining strategy that carefully balances the trade-off between the block reward and the risk of block orphaning. The strategy is designed so that the chance to get a block reward is higher than the default strategy chance. Furthermore, the strategy is flexible as it provides a degree of freedom of how much larger this chance should be. We analytically study the long-term economic advantage of the proposed approach and derive the condition under which the long-term reward is higher than the one of the default strategy. Finally, we validate the proposed strategy based on a case study analysis method against Bitcoin and Ethereum and show that the higher the risk of block orphaning the more convenient the strategy happens to be.
Inhibition of the discharge of endocytosed protein from phagosomes into lysosomes in hepatoma cells exposed to dimerized ribonuclease A (1979)

The mechanism of the cytostatic action of dimerized ribonuclease A toward cultured hepatoma cells was investigated. A decrease in mitotic index, modifications of adsorptive properties of the pericellular membrane and inhibition of the degradation of two different proteins taken up by endocytosis are the first cell functions to be affected by the dimer. This effect on protein digestion is not due to an inhibition of proteolytic enzymes. The intracellular localization of exogenous protein and of ribonuclease dimer was studied by cell fractionation. When proteins (horseradish peroxidase or rabbit immunoglobulin G) are taken up by control hepatoma cells, they are first associated with phagosomes equilibrating at a lower density than lysosomes; their density distribution gradually becomes similar to that of lysosomes. When cells are pre-exposed to ribonuclease dimer, this modification of the density distribution as a function of time no longer occurs, although these proteins are still intracellular, as indicated by fractionation by differential centrifugation. During the first hour after addition of ribonuclease dimer, kinetic studies show an increased fixation of peroxidase to the cell membrane. Protein release into the culture medium is also increased. These results can be explained either by an absence of fusion between phagosomes and lysosomes, or by an inhibition of the discharge of peroxidase adsorbed to the phagosomal membrane after fusion.