gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multi-Touch Attribution Based Budget Allocation in Online Advertising (2014)

Budget allocation in online advertising deals with distributing the campaign (insertion order) level budgets to different sub-campaigns which employ different targeting criteria and may perform differently in terms of return-on-investment (ROI). In this paper, we present the efforts at Turn on how to best allocate campaign budget so that the advertiser or campaign-level ROI is maximized. To do this, it is crucial to be able to correctly determine the performance of sub-campaigns. This determination is highly related to the action-attribution problem, i.e. to be able to find out the set of ads, and hence the sub-campaigns that provided them to a user, that an action should be attributed to. For this purpose, we employ both last-touch (last ad gets all credit) and multi-touch (many ads share the credit) attribution methodologies. We present the algorithms deployed at Turn for the attribution problem, as well as their parallel implementation on the large advertiser performance datasets. We conclude the paper with our empirical comparison of last-touch and multi-touch attribution-based budget allocation in a real online advertising setting.
Swing Arm Location-Controllable DNA Walker for Electrochemiluminescence Biosensing (2021)

Here, we described a novel swing arm location-controllable DNA walker based on the DNA tetrahedral nanostructures (DTNs) for nucleic acid detection using the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) microcrystals (TAPE-Pe MCs) consisting of the nonplanar molecular tetrakis(4-aminophenyl)ethene (TAPE) and planar molecular perylene (Pe) as electrochemiluminescence (ECL) luminophores. Specifically, the swing arm strands and track strands were fixed simultaneously on the DTNs to obtain the location-controllable DNA walker, which possessed an improved reaction efficiency compared to that of a fixed swing arm-based DNA walker due to the quantitative and orderly swing arm on the DTNs. On the other hand, the Pe microcrystals doped by TAPE molecules could decrease the π-π stacking of Pe molecules for the ECL efficiency enhancement, achieving a blue-shifted and intense ECL emission. Therefore, we defined this enhanced and blue-shifted ECL phenomenon as "inhibition of conjugation-driven ECL (IC-ECL)". To prove these principles, a location-controllable DNA walker-based ECL biosensor was developed with microRNA let-7a as target molecules. The ECL biosensor achieved a low detection limit of 4.92 fM within a wide linear range from 10 fM to 100 nM. This approach offers a new insight for ECL efficiency increase and location-controllable strategies with improved reaction efficiency, demonstrating potential in diagnostic analysis.
Development of Reactive Coatings to Protect Sand-Control Screens (2008)

Abstract Sand control screens are susceptible to plugging during installation in the wellbore and during production. One common source of plugging material is drilling fluid components left in the wellbore as whole mud or filtercake. In the past, screens have been coated to prevent plugging during installation. These early coatings were designed to dissolve at elevated temperature or be removed by acid treatment. While this approach protected the screens from plugging during installation, it did not address the potential for plugging by mud solids during production. To minimize the plugging due to mud solids, reactive coatings are being developed to protect sand control screens from plugging during installation and during production. New reactive coating formulations are designed with mechanical and chemical properties that will remain intact until the screens are placed in the wellbore. Once in place, the coatings begin to dissolve and release reactive materials such as acids, enzymes, or chelants into the near wellbore area to react with and degrade the drilling fluid components which could plug the screen.
Redox‐Active Agents in Reactions Involving the Trypanothione/Trypanothione Reductase‐based System to Fight Kinetoplastidal Parasites (2013)

International audience
Effects of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors on cognitive function in patients with chronic traumatic brain injury: A systematic review (2016)

Large randomized controlled studies are needed to establish whether AChEIs are effective for cognition late after moderate or severe traumatic brain injury. Clinicians should be aware of the weak evidence base when considering the off-label use of AChEIs.
Temperature compensation of the threshold voltage of a 270° twist (SBE) cell (1987)

We have measured the temperature dependence of the helical pitch of a chiral nematic mixture and we show that a second-order polynomial in T*=Tc−T is a good approximation of the behavior. We determined the dependence of the threshold voltage on temperature for a sample with a helical pitch that is independent of temperature and we can show that the contribution of the liquid crystal obtained in this way is linear in temperature. Combination of this linear dependence with the expression for the temperature dependence of the helical pitch on the mixing ratio in mixtures of chiral compounds leads to an expression for the conditions of minimum temperature dependence of the threshold voltage. These data are compared with experimental results and the discrepancies are discussed.
Photo-realistic expressive text to talking head synthesis (2013)

A controllable computer animated avatar that could be used as a natural user interface for computers is demonstrated. Driven by text and emotion input, it generates expressive speech with corresponding facial movements. To create the avatar, HMM-based text-to-speech synthesis is combined with active appearance model (AAM)-based facial animation. The novelty is the degree of control achieved over the expressiveness of both the speech and the face while keeping the controls simple. Con-trollability is achieved by training both the speech and facial parameters within a cluster adaptive training (CAT) framework. CAT creates a continuous, low dimensional eigenspace of ex-pressions, which allows the creation of expressions of different intensity (including ones more intense than those in the original recordings) and combining different expressions to create new ones. Results on an emotion-recognition task show that recog-nition rates given the synthetic output are comparable to those given the original videos of the speaker. Index Terms: visual speech synthesis, expressive and control-lable speech synthesis 1.
A Critical Control Element for Interleukin-4 Memory Expression in T Helper Lymphocytes (2005)

Naive T helper (Th) lymphocytes are induced to express the il4 (interleukin-4) gene by simultaneous signaling through the T cell receptor and the interleukin (IL)-4 receptor. Upon restimulation with antigen, such preactivated Th lymphocytes can reexpress the il4 gene independent of IL-4 receptor signaling. This memory for expression of the il4 gene depends on epigenetic modification of the il4 gene locus and an increased expression of GATA-3, the key transcription factor for Th2 differentiation. Here, we have identified a phylogenetically conserved sequence, the conserved intronic regulatory element, in the first intron of the il4 gene containing a tandem GATA-3 binding site. We show that GATA-3 binds to this sequence in a position- and orientation-dependent manner, in vitro and in vivo. DNA demethylation and histone acetylation of this region occurs early and selectively in differentiating, IL-4-secreting Th2 lymphocytes. Deletion of the conserved element by replacement of the first exon and part of the first intron of the il4 gene with gfp leads to a defect in the establishment of memory for expression of IL-4, in that reexpression of IL-4 still requires costimulation by exogenous IL-4. The conserved intronic regulatory element thus links the initial epigenetic modification of the il4 gene to GATA-3 and serves as a genetic control element for memory expression of IL-4.
Model building with likelihood basis pursuit (2004)

We consider a non-parametric penalized likelihood approach for model building called likelihood basis pursuit (LBP) that determines the probabilities of binary outcomes given explanatory vectors while automatically selecting important features. The LBP model involves parameters that balance the competing goals of maximizing the log-likelihood and minimizing the penalized basis pursuit terms. These parameters are selected to minimize a proxy of misclassification error, namely, the randomized, generalized approximate cross validation (ranGACV) function. The ranGACV function is not easily represented in compact form; its functional values can only be obtained by solving two instances of the LBP model, which may be computationally expensive. A grid search is typically used to find appropriate parameters, requiring the solutions to hundreds or thousands of instances of the LBP model. Since only parameters (data) are changed between solves, the resulting problem is a non-linear slice model in the parameter space. We show how slice-modeling techniques significantly improve the efficiency of individual solves and thus speed-up the grid search. In addition, we consider using derivative-free optimization algorithms for parameter selection, replacing the grid search. We show how, by seeding the derivative-free algorithms with a coarse grid search, these algorithms can find better solutions with fewer function evaluations. Our interest in this area comes directly from the seminal work that Olvi and his collaborators have carried out designing and applying optimization techniques to problems in machine learning and data mining.
N-(5,6,7-Trihydroquinolin-8-ylidene)arylaminonickel dichlorides as highly active single-site pro-catalysts in ethylene polymerization (2011)

A series of N-(5,6,7-trihydroquinolin-8-ylidene)arylamine ligands was synthesized and fully characterized by NMR, IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Dimeric N-(5,6,7-trihydroquinolin-8-ylidene)arylaminonickel dichlorides were prepared and examined by IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis, and the molecular structures of the representative nickel complexes were determined by the single crystal X-ray diffraction. On treatment with various alkylaluminiums, all the title complexes exhibited highly active, single-site active behavior for ethylene polymerization producing polyethylene (PE) waxes. The catalytic systems using the co-catalysts diethylaluminium chloride (Et(2)AlCl) or methylaluminoxane (MAO) were investigated in detail, and the molecular weights and distributions of the PEs obtained were found to significantly rely on the nature of the different ligands present and reaction parameters such as the molar ratios of Al/Ni, reaction temperature and reaction time.
Immunohistochemical analysis of NaPi2b protein (MX35 antigen) expression and subcellular localization in human normal and cancer tissues. (2011)

This study provides the data on the pattern of NaPi2b expression and cellular localization in breast, lung and ovarian cancers, which might be useful for understanding the mechanism of transport and maintenance of inorganic phosphate in cancer and normal cells, as well as for developing novel immunotherapeutic approaches based on MX35 monoclonal antibody.
Host Defense Peptide Mimicking Peptide Polymer Exerting Fast, Broad Spectrum, and Potent Activities toward Clinically Isolated Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria (2020)

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria have emerged quickly and have caused serious nosocomial infections. It is urgent to develop novel antimicrobial agents for treating MDR bacterial infections. In this study, we isolated 45 strains of bacteria from hospital patients and found shockingly that most of these strains were MDR to antimicrobial drugs. This inspired us to explore antimicrobial peptide polymers as synthetic mimics of host defense peptides in combating drug-resistant bacteria and the formidable antimicrobial challenge. We found that peptide polymer 80:20 DM:Bu (where DM is a hydrophilic/cationic subunit and Bu is a hydrophobic subunit) displayed fast bacterial killing, broad spectrum, and potent activity against clinically isolated strains of MDR bacteria. Moreover, peptide polymer 80:20 DM:Bu displayed potent <i>in vivo</i> antibacterial efficacy, comparable to the performance of polymyxin B, in a <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (<i>P. aeruginosa</i>) infected rat full-thickness wound model. The peptide polymer can be easily synthesized from ring-opening polymerization with remarkable reproducibility in structural properties and biological activities. The peptide polymer's potent and broad spectrum antimicrobial activities against MDR bacteria <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>, resistance to proteolysis, and high structural diversity altogether imply a great potential of peptide polymer 80:20 DM:Bu in antimicrobial applications as synthetic mimics of host defense peptides.
Breast tumors induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea are damaging to bone strength, structure, and mineralization in the absence of metastasis in rats (2010)

Abstract Current theory on the influence of breast cancer on bone describes metastasis of tumor cells to bone tissue, followed by induction of osteoclasts and bone degradation. Tumor influences on bone health in pre- or nonmetastatic models are unknown. Female rats (n = 48, 52 days old) were injected with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) to induce breast cancer. Animals were euthanized 10 weeks later, and tumors were weighed and classified histologically. Right femurs were extracted for testing of bone mineral density (BMD) by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), bone mechanical strength by three-point bending and femoral neck bending tests, and structure by micro–computed tomography (µCT). Of 48 rats, 22 developed one or more tumors in response to MNU injection by 10 weeks. Presence of any tumor predicted significantly poorer bone health in 17 of 28 measures. In tumored versus nontumored animals, BMD was adversely affected by 3%, force at failure of the femoral midshaft by 4%, force at failure of the femoral neck by 12%, and various trabecular structural parameters by 6% to 27% (all p &amp;lt; .05). Similarly, greater tumor burden, represented by total tumor weight, adversely correlated with bone outcomes: r = −0.51 for BMD, −0.42 and −0.35 for femur midshaft force and work at failure, and between 0.36 and 0.59 (absolute values) for trabecular architecture (all p &amp;lt; .05). Presence of MNU-induced tumors and total tumor burden showed a negative association with bone health of the femur in rats in the absence of metastasis. Further study is required to elucidate mechanisms for this association. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Single polarization optical waveguide on silicon (1991)

A single polarization optical waveguide structure is introduced and demonstrated experimentally. The optical waveguide structure considered is a silicon nitride film deposited onto an oxidized silicon wafer so as to form a single-mode planar waveguide. Single polarization is achieved by choosing layer thicknesses, so that the attenuation due to substrate coupling for the TM mode is much larger than that for the TE mode. Calculations are presented to define ranges of design parameters over which TM attenuation can be 3-4 orders of magnitude higher than that for TE. In one sample having a TE loss of 0.28 dB/cm measured at a wavelength of 0.63 mu m a ratio of TM to TE attenuation of over 750 is experimentally demonstrated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Energy yield evaluation for field operation of solar cells in Singapore: GaAs/GaAs tandem vs. GaAs single-junction solar cells (2017)

Tandem solar cells are one of the most promising ways to exceeding the one-sun efficiency limit of single-junction (SJ) solar cells. However, compared to SJ solar cells, tandem solar cells often experience larger energy yield losses in the field, due to variations in operating conditions (i.e. spectrum, irradiance and operating temperature). We determine the energy yield losses of dual-junction and SJ GaAs solar cells, which are potential candidates for thin-film on silicon tandem solar cells. Our measurements show that a GaAs SJ cell has an annual energy yield of 3.0% more than with standard testing conditions (STC), whereas the investigated GaAs/GaAs dual-junction cell has an annual energy yield loss of 11.2% compared with STC.
Competition between DPPC and SDS at the Air−Aqueous Interface (2007)

Vibrational sum frequency generation spectroscopy is used to study the interactions of the charged soluble organic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) with an insoluble 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) monolayer at the air-aqueous interface. Results indicate that the surfactant species compete for surface sites in the mixed system, with a lower monolayer number density of DPPC molecules being observed in the presence of dodecyl sulfate anions at the interface. Spectroscopic results also indicate that fewer dodecyl sulfate chains reside at the interface when the insoluble DPPC film is present. Increased conformational ordering of the acyl chains of both the DPPC molecules and the interfacial dodecyl sulfate anions is observed in the mixed system. Additionally, charged surfactant SDS promotes the alignment of the interfacial water molecules even in the presence of a DPPC monolayer.
Au / SiO2 Hybrid Bonding with 6-μm-Pitch Au Electrodes for 3D Structured Image Sensors (2016)

A 3D structured CMOS image sensor that can process signals pixel-wise in parallel is investigated as a means to simultaneously increase the pixel count and the frame rate. To make the pixel pitch finer, the Au electrode dimension is reduced to a 6-μm pitch that is electrically interconnected using a direct-bonding technique. We also develop a daisy-chain test device to examine the numerous interconnections. The experimental results show that the series of electrical interconnections exceeds 230,000 contacts, with the Au contact resistance for a single connection being ~23.6 mΩ.
Replacement strategy for aging avionics computers (1999)

With decreasing defense dollars available to purchase new military aircraft, the inventory of existing aircraft will have to last many more years than originally anticipated. As the avionics computers on these aging aircraft get older, they become more expensive to maintain due to parts obsolescence. In addition, expanding missions and changing requirements lead to growth in the embedded software which, in turn, requires additional processing and memory capacity. Both factors, parts obsolescence and new processing capacity, result in the need to replace the old computer hardware with newer, more capable microprocessor technology. New microprocessors, however, are not compatible with the older computer instruction set architectures. This generally requires the embedded software in these computers to be rewritten. A significant savings-estimated in the billions of dollars-could be achieved in these upgrades if the new computers could execute the old embedded code along with any new code to be added. This paper describes a commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS)-based form, fit, function, and interface (F/sup 3/I) replacement strategy for legacy avionics computers that can reuse existing avionics code "as is" while providing a flexible framework for incremental upgrades and managed change. It is based on a real-time embedded software technology that executes legacy binary code on the latest generation COTS microprocessors. This technology promises performance improvements of 5-10 times that of the legacy avionics computer that it replaces. It also promises a 4/spl times/ decrease in cost and schedule over rewriting the code and provides a "known good" starting point for incremental upgrades of the embedded flight software. Code revalidation cost and risk are minimized since the structure of the embedded code is not changed, allowing the replacement computer to be retested at the "blackbox" level using existing qualification tests.
Hyposialylated IgG activates endothelial IgG receptor FcγRIIB to promote obesity-induced insulin resistance (2017)

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common complication of obesity. Here, we have shown that activation of the IgG receptor FcγRIIB in endothelium by hyposialylated IgG plays an important role in obesity-induced insulin resistance. Despite becoming obese on a high-fat diet (HFD), mice lacking FcγRIIB globally or selectively in endothelium were protected from insulin resistance as a result of the preservation of insulin delivery to skeletal muscle and resulting maintenance of muscle glucose disposal. IgG transfer in IgG-deficient mice implicated IgG as the pathogenetic ligand for endothelial FcγRIIB in obesity-induced insulin resistance. Moreover, IgG transferred from patients with T2DM but not from metabolically healthy subjects caused insulin resistance in IgG-deficient mice via FcγRIIB, indicating that similar processes may be operative in T2DM in humans. Mechanistically, the activation of FcγRIIB by IgG from obese mice impaired endothelial cell insulin transcytosis in culture and in vivo. These effects were attributed to hyposialylation of the Fc glycan, and IgG from T2DM patients was also hyposialylated. In HFD-fed mice, supplementation with the sialic acid precursor N-acetyl-D-mannosamine restored IgG sialylation and preserved insulin sensitivity without affecting weight gain. Thus, IgG sialylation and endothelial FcγRIIB may represent promising therapeutic targets to sever the link between obesity and T2DM.
Automated assessment of spinal fluid examination results in passivehemagglutination reaction in neurosyphilis diagnostics (2010)

Spinal fluid samples collected from 50 patients suffering from neurosyphilis (key group) and 30 patients with a nervous system pathology and craniocerebral injuries without any signs of syphilis in the anamnesis (control group) were examined in the course of regulated serological tests to reveal anti-T. pallidum antibodies (complement-fixation test with a treponemal antigen, complementfixation test with a cardiolipin antigen, immunofluorescence test with whole spinal fluid, ELISA) as well as in the course of TPHA with the use of modified methods with the end-point dilution of spinal fluid as 1:4. Visual assessment was used to assess the TPHA results with the determination of the result positivity degree expressed in conditional units - «pluses», along with the automated assessment using the Criterion 2 hardware system. Comparative results of visual and instrumental assessments of the spinal fluid study results in TPHA revealed full compliance of the qualitative study results and 97.5% correspondence in the results expressed in conditional units («pluses»), which provides sufficient grounds for recommending the Criterion 2 automatic diagnostics complex for TPHA image assessment to be used in clinical and diagnostic laboratories in health care institutions for determining treponemal specific antibodies in spinal fluid for neurosyphilis diagnostics.
Dosage effect of multiple genes accounts for multisystem disorder of myotonic dystrophy type 1 (2019)

Abstract Multisystem manifestations in myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) may be due to dosage reduction in multiple genes induced by aberrant expansion of CTG repeats in DMPK, including Dmpk and its neighboring genes (Six5 or Dmwd) and downstream Mbnl1. However, the direct evidences are lack. Here, we develop a new strategy to generate mice carrying multigene mutations in one step by injection of haploid embryonic stem cells with mutant Dmpk, Six5 and Mbnl1 into oocytes. The triple heterozygous mutant mice exhibit adult-onset DM1 phenotypes. With the additional mutation in Dmwd, quadruple heterozygous mutant mice recapitulate many major manifestations in congenital DM1. Moreover, muscle stem cells in both models display reduced stemness. Our results suggest that the complex symptoms of DM1 result from the reduced gene dosage of multiple genes.