gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
How to optimize HCV therapy in genotype 1 patients with cirrhosis (2013)

Of all hepatitis C virus patients, those with cirrhosis are most in need of treatment owing to increased morbidity and mortality. Treatment with pegylated interferon and ribavirin (PEG-IFN/RBV) has clearly shown the benefits of successful treatment by improving fibrosis, causing the regression of cirrhosis and reducing and preventing cirrhosis-related complications. However, the sustained virological response (SVR) is lower in patients with cirrhosis. First generation protease inhibitors (boceprevir and telaprevir) in combination with PEG-IFN/RBV are a major advancement in the treatment of both naïve and treatment-experienced genotype 1 patients. In naïve patients, the SVR rate with the triple regimen with boceprevir increased by 14% in patients with severe fibrosis or cirrhosis compared to PEG-IFN/RBV compared by 30% in patients with mild or moderate fibrosis. The SVR rate of the triple regimen with telaprevir increased by 10-30% compared to PEG-IFN/RBV in patients with severe fibrosis or cirrhosis and by nearly 30% in patients with mild or moderate fibrosis. The greatest benefits seem to be found in patients with cirrhosis who have relapsed, and is limited in prior non-responder patients. Thus, the choice of triple therapy in the latter should be considered in relation to the increase in side effects. There are no data on the efficacy of the triple regimen in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Results in real-life settings show that patients with cirrhosis need to be carefully followed-up during treatment due to the increase in side effects that are greater than in clinical studies. Next generation DAAs and PEG-IFN/RBV appear to be more effective and have fewer side effects in patients with cirrhosis. Ultimately, an interferon-free regimen of DAAs combinations will probably provide a SVR in patients with cirrhosis and will probably be proposed in patients with more advanced or decompensated cirrhosis.
ChemInform Abstract: INTRAMOLECULAR ELECTRON TRANSFER OF COORDINATED PYRAZINECARBOXYLATO RADICALS TO COBALT(III)‐ A PULSED RADIOLYTIC INVESTIGATION (1978)

Abstract Bei Elektronenbeschuß von wäßiigen, mit NzO‐gesättigten 1 M Isopropanol‐Lösungen der Co(III)‐Komplexe (I) und (III) entstehen stark absorbierende Spezies, die als am heterocyclischen Ring monoprotonierte Radikale (II) und (IV) identifiziert werden (welches N‐Atom‐ protoniert ist, ist ungeklärt).
Automatic Radio Wire Integration System. (1975)

This program resulted from a concept to provide common radio equipment for net operation and for push-to-talk mobile Radio Wire Integration (RWI) operation. Because the system operates without personnel at the access units (base) and the Mobile Subscriber Unit operates as a mobile telephone and as a net radio, the system is called Automatic Radio Wire Integration System (ARWIS). The system consists of an Access Unit (AU) and a Mobile Subscriber Unit (MSU). The Mobile Subscriber Unit (MSU normally operates as a radio on its assigned net frequency except when it is interrogated by an Access Unit (AU) or when the mobile wishes to place a call through the AU. The system operates in three modes as follows: (1) Fully automatic operation with automatic switchboards and radios with the requisite automatic tuning; (2) Partially automatic operation using an automatic Access Unit (AU) with manual switchboards and with radios having automatic tuning or manual tuning; and, (3) The system is designed to operate in the plain text or cipher mode.
Exterior optical cloaking and illusions by using active sources: A boundary element perspective (2010)

Recently, it was demonstrated that active sources can be used to cloak any objects that lie outside the cloaking devices [F. Guevara Vasquez, G. W. Milton, and D. Onofrei, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 073901 (2009)]. Here, we propose that active sources can create illusion effects so that an object outside the cloaking device can be made to look like another object. Invisibility is a special case in which the concealed object is transformed to a volume of air. From a boundary element perspective, we show that active sources can create a nearly ``silent'' domain which can conceal any objects inside and at the same time make the whole system look like an illusion of our choice outside a virtual boundary. The boundary element method gives the fields and field gradients, which can be related to monopoles and dipoles, on continuous curves which define the boundary of the active devices. Both the cloaking and illusion effects are confirmed by numerical simulations.
The Passing of the Half-Castes: Gavin Casey, Leonard Mann and the Postwar ‘Half-Caste’ Novel (2013)

The two decades following the end of the Second World War marked a historically significant shift in mainstream Australians’ attitudes toward what had previously been thought of as the ‘Aboriginal problem,’ culminating in the famous referendum of 1967 that for the first time endorsed federal empowerment over Aboriginal affairs.  Not coincidentally, it was in that period that an unprecedented number of narratives appeared that focused upon Indigenous Australians, especially the so-called ‘half-castes.’  Most of the texts that registered that shift, and perhaps helped to accelerate it, have since been ignored or regarded dismissively by literary scholars and cultural commentators.  Among them were some remarkably observant and well crafted novels that are, as such, worthy of reclamation from obscurity; several repay close analytical readings.  Of greater interest still, perhaps, is their collective importance as a genre that signified the change that was occurring in the social milieu that produced them.  This discussion focuses upon two of the most interesting of the postwar “half-caste” novels: Gavin Casey’s Snowball (1958) and Leonard Mann’s Venus Half-Caste (1963).  It argues that both of these now largely forgotten works, in aspiring to present the postwar social world to mainstream readers as though through Aboriginal eyes, were not only rewardingly complex works of fiction, but of considerable cultural significance in a time when Australia was revisiting longstanding assumptions about the position of its most oppressed minority.  Ultimately, it further suggests, these and other narratives focusing on mixed-descent Australians may well have contributed to the demise of the very notion of the now antiquated and distinctively offensive term ‘half-caste’—as well as to the major shift in mainstream opinion registered in the 1967 federal referendum by a vote that overwhelmingly endorsed the incorporation of Indigenous people within the national community.
Identification of a region of the virus genome involved in murine gammaherpesvirus 68-induced splenic pathology (2004)

Infection with the murine gammaherpesvirus MHV-68 has profound effects on splenic and mediastinal lymph node pathology in mice which lack the interferon-gamma receptor (IFN-gamma R(-/-)). In these mice MHV-68 infection causes fibrosis and loss of lymphocytes in the spleen and the mediastinal lymph node as well as interstitial pulmonary fibrosis and fibrotic changes in the liver. The changes are associated with transient elevated latent virus loads in the spleen. Four independent virus mutants with insertions and/or deletions in the left end of the genome fail to induce the pathological changes and establish latency at normal levels in the spleen. The data indicate that the pathology does not correlate with any of the known genes encoded within this region of the genome, genes M1-M4 and the eight vtRNAs. Northern analysis of mRNAs transcribed by wild-type and mutant viruses shows that at least two uncharacterized transcripts are encoded within this region. These transcripts are absent in the mutant viruses and are candidates for the virus genes responsible for the aberrant pathology in IFN-gamma R(-/-) mice.
CMOS-Compatible SOI MESFETS for Radiation-Hardened DC-to-DC Converters (2013)

A radiation-tolerant transistor switch has been developed that can operate between 196 and +150 C for DC-to-DC power conversion applications. A prototype buck regulator component was demonstrated to be performing well after a total ionizing dose of 300 krad(Si). The prototype buck converters showed good efficiencies at ultra-high switching speeds in the range of 1 to 10 MHz. Such high switching frequency will enable smaller, lighter buck converters to be developed as part of the next project. Switching regulators are widely used in commercial applications including portable consumer electronics.
Fabrication of Diffractive Optical Elements on a Si Chip by Imprint Lithography using Novel Mold (2002)

Fabrication of a fine diffractive optical element on a Si chip is demonstrated using imprint lithography. A chirped diffraction grating, which has modulated pitched pattern with curved cross section is fabricated by an electron beam lithography, where the exposure dose profile is automatically optimized by computer aided system. Using the resist pattern as an etching mask, anisotropic dry etching is performed to transfer the resist pattern profile to the Si chip. The etched Si substrate is used as a mold in the imprint lithography. The Si mold is pressed to a thin polymer (Poly methyl methacrylate) on a Si chip. After releasing the mold, a fine diffractive optical pattern is successfully transferred to the thin polymer. This method is exceedingly useful for fabrication of integrated diffractive optical elements with electric circuits on a Si chip.
Review on Smart Charging of Electric Vehicles via Market-Based Incentives, Grid-Friendly and Grid-Compatible Measures (2023)

Smart charging of electric vehicles is a promising concept for solving the current challenges faced by connecting mobility and electricity within the context of the ongoing sustainable energy transition. It allows cost savings for the expansion and operation of the power grid and a more efficient use of renewable energies. However, wide implementation of smart charging requires further work on technical and regulatory issues and further development of standards, especially an end-to-end consistency of the control signals. A fully automated process, as well as customisable services and flexible tariffs, would also facilitate wider market penetration. The novelty of this paper is the consensus of German pilot projects funded within the German programme “Elektro-Mobil” on the communication channel between all stakeholders for the use cases of smart charging based on market price incentives. Within this consensus, the projects have illustrated how specific standards can facilitate the communication between smart charging stakeholders, become a reality in the pilot projects and should be applied to further use cases in the low-voltage network. This consensus results in a white paper. On this basis, the adjustment of the standards can be made to ensure the consistency of the control signals from the beginning of the control process up to the end. In an advanced Edition, solutions for the prioritisation and orchestration of the different control signals could be designed.
A six-port reflectometer calibration using Schottky diodes operating in AC detection mode (1993)

This works presents a six-port reflectometer in W frequency band (75-110 GHz) using Schottky diodes as power detectors. A linearization procedure and an AC detection technique are used to improve the measurement accuracy. In addition, a calibration procedure requiring two standards, a matched waveguide and a short circuit, is described. A comparison between experimental results obtained by the six-port reflectometer and other automatic network analyzers is presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Speech enhancement based on deep denoising autoencoder (2013)

We previously have applied deep autoencoder (DAE) for noise reduction and speech enhancement. However, the DAE was trained using only clean speech. In this study, we further introduce an explicit denoising process in learning the DAE. In training the DAE, we still adopt greedy layer-wised pretraining plus fine tuning strategy. In pretraining, each layer is trained as a one hidden layer neural autoencoder (AE) using noisy-clean speech pairs as input and output (or transformed noisy-clean speech pairs by preceding AEs). Fine tuning was done by stacking all AEs with pretrained parameters for initialization. The trained DAE is used as a filter for speech estimation when noisy speech is given. Speech enhancement experiments were done to examine the performance of the trained denoising DAE. Noise reduction, speech distortion, and perceptual evaluation of speech quality (PESQ) criteria are used in the performance evaluations. Experimental results show that adding depth of the DAE consistently increase the performance when a large training data set is given. In addition, compared with a minimum mean square error based speech enhancement algorithm, our proposed denoising DAE provided superior performance on the three objective evaluations.
A new type of polymer-supported metallocene catalyst for ethylene polymerization (2001)

A new polymer-supported metallocene catalyst has been prepared, The polymer-supported metallocene displayed considerably high activity in ethylene polymerization, the highest being 3.62x10(7) gPE/molZr.h, the molecular weight of the polyethylene produced was Mn = 1.29x10(5). about 3-4 times those of corresponding homogeneous zirconocenes. The polymer-supported metallocene keeps the characteristics of homogeneous metallocene catalysts, and offers some features, such as adaptable to gas phase and slurry processes: easy to prepare in low cost: relatively high activity and lower MAO/Zr ratio; lower inorganic residues in the polyolefins as compared to cases of SiO2, Al2O3 or MgCl2; unitary active structure, no complex surface as with SiO2; good control of morphology of the resulting polymer.
Elastomeric Nanocomposite Based on Exfoliated Graphene Oxide and Its Characteristics without Vulcanization (2017)

Rubber nanocomposites have emerged as one of the advanced materials in recent years. The aim of this work was to homogeneously disperse graphene oxide (GO) sheets into Nitrile Butadiene Rubber (NBR) and investigate the characteristics of GO/NBR nanocomposite without vulcanization. A suitable solvent was found to dissolve dry NBR while GO was exfoliated completely in an aqueous base solution using sonication. GO was dispersed into NBR at different loadings by solution mixing to produce unvulcanized GO/NBR nanocomposites. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the samples. Furthermore, mechanical and electrical properties of unvulcanized GO/NBR nanocomposites were carried out to determine the influence of GO on the NBR properties. The results showed that the modulus of GO/NBR nanocomposite at 1 wt% of GO was enhanced by about 238% compared with unfilled NBR. These results provide insight into the properties of unvulcanized GO/NBR nanocomposite for application as coatings or adhesives.
Effect of Ortho Substituents on the Direction of 1,2-Migrations in the Rearrangement of 2-exo-Arylfenchyl Alcohols (1998)

A series of 2-exo-arylfenchyl alcohols (11a−k) was submitted to acid hydrolysis in EtOH/10 M HCl (2:1−1:1, v/v) or with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TfOH) (1 equiv) in CHCl3 under varying conditions. In all cases, initial formation of the cyclofenchene 12 took place, and after prolonged treatment with acid the reaction proceeded along one of two pathways depending on the nature of the aryl substituent. When the aryl substituent was o-NH2 11b or o-OH 11e, Wagner−Meerwein rearrangement took place to give a carbocationic intermediate 9 that was trapped by the N or O heteroatom to give (2R,4aR,9aR)-9-aza-2,4a-(10,10-dimethylmethano)-1,2,3,4,4a,9a-hexahydro-9a-methyl-9H-fluorene (3b) and (3R,4aR,9bR)-3,9b-(10,10-dimethylmethano)-1,2,3,4,4a,9b-hexahydro-4a-methyldibenzofuran (3c), respectively. In the case of 3c bearing an oxygen heteroatom, equilibration to give the thermodynamic product (1R,4S,4aR,9bR)-1,2,3,4,4a,9b-hexahydro-1,4-methano-1,4a,9b-trimethyldibenzofuran (4a), arising from Nametkin rearrangement, took place via the intermediate 2-fenchyl cation. In contrast, when the aryl substituent was o-OCH3 11f, direct conversion of the cyclofenchene to the Nametkin product 4a occurred with no detectable prior formation of the Wagner−Meerwein product. In the case of o-tolylfenchyl alcohol 11k, cyclofenchene formation was facile, but subsequent conversion to either the Wagner−Meerwein or Nametkin products was highly disfavored. The results indicate that ortho substitution disfavors Wagner−Meerwein rearrangement through adverse steric and electronic effects. However, when the ortho substituent is NH2 or OH it is proposed that anchimeric assistance provides an intermediate 15a that is stereoelectronically predisposed to Wagner−Meewein rearrangement.
Induction of erythroid differentiation and fetal hemoglobin production in human leukemic cells treated with phenylacetate (1992)

There is considerable interest in identifying nontoxic differentiation inducers for the treatment of various malignant and nonmalignant blood disorders, including inborn beta-chain hemoglobinopathies. Using the human leukemic K562 cell line as a model, we explored the efficacy of phenylacetate, an amino acid derivative with a low toxicity index when administered to humans. Treatment of K562 cultures with pharmacologically attainable concentrations of phenylacetate resulted in erythroid differentiation, evident by the reduced growth rate and increased hemoglobin production. The effect was time- and dose-dependent, further augmented by glutamine starvation (phenylacetate is known to deplete circulating glutamine in vivo), and reversible upon cessation of treatment. Molecular analysis showed that phenylacetate induced gamma globin gene expression with subsequent accumulation of the fetal form of hemoglobin (HbF). Interestingly, the addition of phenylacetate to antitumor agents of clinical interest, eg, hydroxyurea and 5-azacytidine, caused superinduction of HbF biosynthesis. The results suggest that phenylacetate, used alone or in combination with other drugs, might offer a safe and effective new approach to treatment of some hematopoietic neoplasms and severe hemoglobinopathies.
Inventarisasi Keanekaragaman Hayati Sebagai Modal Pengelolaan Wisata Dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Di Wana Wisata Gunung Puntang (2020)

Selain pemerintah dan masyarakat, pihak swasta/perusahaan juga wajib terlibat dan mengambil peran untuk melakukan perlindungan terhadap lingkungan sebagai upaya konservasi terhadap dampak dari kegiatan yang dilakukan. Salah satu lokasi stategis yang memerlukan kajian keanekaragaman hayati secara berkelanjutan adalah Kawasan Wana Wisata Gunung Puntang, di Kabupaten Bandung. Kolaborasi pengelolaan kawasan ini dilakukan oleh Perhutani, Yayasan Owa Jawa, Pemerintah Daerah, Lembaga Masyarakat Desa Hutan (LMDH) Bukit Amanah, Institut Pertanian Bogor dan PT. Pertamina EP Asset 3 Subang Field. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menginventarisasi keanekaragaman jenis tumbuhan dan satwa liar (kupu-kupu, burung, dan herpetofauna) di Kawasan Gunung Puntang. Hasil invetarisasi keanekaragaman hayati menunjukkan bahwa hanya terdapat tingkat pertumbuhan tumbuhan bawah dan semai di petak pengambilan data. Hasil analisis vegetasi menunjukkan indeks keanekaragaman (H’) = 2,94; indeks kekayaan (Dmg) = 5,52; indeks kemerataan (E) = 0,82. Ditemukan sebanyak 36 jenis dari 24 famili pada lokasi penelitian. Pada kupu-kupu ditemukan sebanyak 21 jenis yang dari 4 famili. Hasil analisis dengan H’ = 2,73; Dmg = 4,69; E = 0,90. Jumlah jenis burung yang ditemukan sebanyak 12 jenis dari 10 famili dengan H’ = 2,27; E = 0,91; Dmg = 3,27. Hasil pengamatan herpetofauna ditemukan 6 jenis dari 5 famili dengan H’ = 1,68; E = 0,52; Dmg = 1,55. Pemanfaatan kawasan dan sumberdaya hayati perlu dilakukan secara berkelanjutan, baik itu untuk kegiatan wisata maupun kegiatan produksi. Pengembangan potensi dari sektor wisata harus selaras dengan perlindungan keanekaragaman hayati agar terwujud pertumbuhan ekonomi lokal yang berkelanjutan.
Kata Kunci : Berkelanjutan, Keanekaragaman hayati, Kekayaan, Kemerataan
Implementation of PTDFs and LODFs for Power System Security (2011)

Distribution factors, which are linear approximations of the sensitivities of the system variables for changes in the power injections or any events in the system, play an important role in the security analysis and market applications. Cascading faults, which are triggered by the overloading of lines due to a fault has been the major issue deteriorating the reliability of the power system thereby requiring measures to revert the power flow on overloaded lines. This paper proposes an algorithm, by utilizing the formulation of PTDFs and LODFs, to calculate the generation shifts so that the power flow on the transmission lines that violate security limits due to single and multiple-line outage events are adjusted to its security limits. This methodology is being tested on the IEEE New England 10-generator 39-bus system for effectiveness.
Data-Driven Modulation and Antenna Classification of Wireless Digital Communication Signals (2020)

In this paper we are interested to learn from a wireless digitally modulated signal the number of antennas that the transmitter (Tx) of this signal uses, as well as its specific modulation scheme (from phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM)). Formally, these are modulation and antenna classification problems. We examine the problems with data-driven machine learning (ML)-based techniques. The two sub-problems of modulation and number of transmitter antenna classification are initially examined independently for a variety for system parameters, namely the SNR, number of receiver (Rx) antennas, and classification algorithms. Then we consider the joint problem where we follow two approaches. One, where the sub-problems are solved independently and in parallel, and one where the antenna classifier waits on the result of the modulation classifier. The two proposed schemes do not require any knowledge/details of the used modulation schemes and the way the Tx antennas are used (spatial multiplexing, space-time codes,etc.) as it is fully data-driven and not decision-theoretic based. The results of our approach are characterized by high classification accuracy and they pave the way for more ML-based data-driven techniques that reveal more characteristics of the Tx.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of A four-year efficacy and safety study of the long-acting parenteral testosterone undecanoate. (2007)

INTRODUCTION: This is a four-year follow-up of 25 men who received parenteral testosterone undecanoate (TU), 1000 mg every 12 weeks for at least four years. This study was a continuation of a 30-week study wherein the effects of TU had been compared to those of parenteral testosterone enanthate.METHODS & RESULTS: Plasma testosterone (T) trough values of the injection interval of 12 weeks): median 11.9 - 15.9 nmol/L (N 10.0-30.0). E2 and SHBG were stable. Body weight, BMI, waist-to-hip ratio remained stable. Total cholesterol, and triglycerides were unchanged but plasma LDL declined while HDL, after an initial reduction over the first 30 weeks, had increased significantly after three years. Leptin levels, bone mineral density, blood pressure, liver function tests, haemoglobin and haematocrit levels remained stable without values above the upper limit of normal. Over the first 12 months of the study there was an increase in prostate volume from 19.7 +/- 8.8 mL to 22.0 +/- 8.4 mL (p < 0.05) but thereafter volumes remained stable, paralleled by an increase in PSA from 0.67 +/- 0.38 microg/dL to 0.75 +/- 0.35 microg/dL (p < 0.05) without any further changes after 12 months.CONCLUSION: TU appears to be a stable and safe treatment modality of hypogonadal men. PMID: 17701659