gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A New Fabrication Method for the Casting of Cored Materials (1992)

Using a heated double-channel mould, cored rods with pure tin as a clad material and Sn-Bi, Sn-Pb, and Sn-Zn eutectic alloys as core materials have been continuously cast. With precise control of casting variables, cored rods were successfully produced with a unidirectional structure for both core and clad materials. The effects of casting speed and mould exit temperature on cast structure were examined in an attempt to obtain an understanding of this new casting process. It was found that the dissolution of clad material occurs during casting, and the dissolution process is rapid and sensitive to the process variables. Excess dissolution of clad material leads to metal breakout. In order to reduce the dissolution, lower mould exit temperatures with faster casting speeds should be employed.
Organic Transformations on σ‐Aryl Organometallic Complexes (2007)

This work reviews recent developments in the field of organic transformations on sigma-aryl organometallic complexes. The general notion that M--C sigma bonds are kinetically labile, highly reactive, and incompatible with typical reaction conditions met in organic synthesis has limited the use of these synthetic strategies thus far. However, organic transformations on metal-bound sigma-aryl fragments are being used more and more by chemists in both industry and academia. In this Review, emphasis is put on the synthetic methods applied in this field up to now. The simplicity and generally good yields of these methods are very attractive for the construction of functionalized organometallic building blocks that are potentially useful as photochemical molecular devices, biosensors and -conjugates, or molecular switches. Thus, this Review has been tailored for a broader audience with the aim of encouraging the application of these strategies.
REDOX REGULATION BY INTRINSIC SPECIES AND EXTRINSIC NUTRIENTS IN NORMAL AND CANCER CELLS (2005)

Cells in multicellular organisms are exposed to both endogenous oxidative stresses generated metabolically and to oxidative stresses that originate from neighboring cells and from other tissues. To protect themselves from oxidative stress, cells are equipped with reducing buffer systems (glutathione/GSH and thioredoxin/thioredoxin reductase) and have developed several enzymatic mechanisms against oxidants that include catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase. Other major extrinsic defenses (from the diet) include ascorbic acid, beta-carotene and other carotenoids, and selenium. Recent evidence indicates that in addition to their antioxidant function, several of these redox species and systems are involved in regulation of biological processes, including cellular signaling, transcription factor activity, and apoptosis in normal and cancer cells. The survival and overall well-being of the cell is dependent upon the balance between the activity and the intracellular levels of these antioxidants as well as their interaction with various regulatory factors, including Ref-1, nuclear factor-kappaB, and activating protein-1.
Development of a plasma arc system for the destruction of U.S. Department of Defense hazardous waste (1999)

The Naval Base, Norfolk, located in the northern portion of the city of Norfolk, Virginia, is the world's largest naval base and home of the Atlantic Fleet. Activities at the naval base generate approximately 1.4 million kilograms (3.0 million pounds) of industrial waste (hazardous and non-hazardous) annually. Significant components of the waste stream include used paint, cleaning rags, cleaning compounds, solvents, and other chemicals used in industrial operations. The costs of disposing of this waste are significant and are currently over $4 million annually, representing an average of $3.30 per kilogram ($1.50 per pound). Plasma arc technology has been identified as having the potential to cost-effectively treat and destroy various types of waste materials, including contaminated soil, ordnance, pyrotechnics, and low-level radioactive waste. There are currently several pilot-scale plasma arc units being tested in the United States, but at present there are no fully-permitted production-scale units in operation. In July 1995 a project was awarded to the Naval Research Laboratory and Norfolk Naval Base under the DOD Environmental Security Technology Certification Program with the objective of establishing a production scale demonstration plasma arc hazardous waste treatment facility (PAHWTF) at the Naval Base that would be capable of destroying both solidmore » and liquid waste on a production basis and obtaining operational data necessary to determine the cost effectiveness of the process. This paper provides a detailed description of the PAHWTF, which was designed and built by Retech in Ukiah, CA, and also provides results of treatability tests. Information is also provided on the status of an Environmental Impact Statement and of RCRA Research, Development, and Demonstration, and air permits.« less
A Novel Halophilic Lipase, LipBL, Showing High Efficiency in the Production of Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) (2011)

In this study we isolated, purified, biochemically characterized and immobilized a lipolytic enzyme from a halophilic bacterium M. lipolyticus, which constitutes an enzyme with excellent properties to be used in the food industry, in the enrichment in omega-3 PUFAs.
A New Phenanthroline Ligand and the Spontaneous Resolution of its Homoleptic Copper(I) Complex (2020)

During the synthesis of 1,10‐phenanthroline derivatives sterically hindered in the 2 and/or 9 positions, serendipity led to the discovery of a new substitution pattern on phenanthroline with good and reproducible yields. When toluene was used as a solvent and the aryl‐lithio reagents generated with tBuLi, after a first substitution at the 2 position, a benzyl substituent was regioselectively introduced at the 7 position. It is proposed that the benzyllithium reagent is formed by reaction with the solvent and that the steric hindrance on the intermediates controls the nucleophilic addition. Among the complexes prepared (Pd(II), Cu(I)) with these new ligands, a chiral copper(I) complex exhibits spontaneous resolution in the solid state.
Stress-dependent permeability versus stiff and compliant porosity: theory and experiments (2015)

Summary Relation between porosity and permeability is not unique. We propose that comparison of functional dependencies of both, porosity and permeability, on stress provides useful constraints for their relation. Such a comparison shows which part of the void space in rocks controls the permeability, the compliant porosity or the stiff one. The compliant porosity (including very thin cracks and grain-contact vicinities) usually controls load dependencies of elastic moduli of rocks. This leads to exponentially-saturating functional dependencies of elastic properties on effective stress. Stiff pores (equant pores) are less significant by loads from low to moderate ones (several tens of MPa). However, stiff pores can be of importance for the stress dependency of permeability. We propose a rather general model of permeability as a function of the stiff and compliant porosity. The model includes possibility, that in different rocks permeability can be controlled by stiff pores or, alternatively, by compliant pores or, finally by a combination of them. This model provides a power-law- or an exponential differential-pressure dependency or a mixed behavior of permeability in these situations, respectively. We show experimental results, on samples from a broad data basis of sedimentary rocks of Russian Perm region, indicating these types of behavior.
Generation of conjoint domain models for system-of-systems (2013)

Software solutions in complex environments, such as railway control systems or power plants, are assemblies of heterogeneous components, which are very large and complex systems themselves. Interplay of these systems requires a thorough design of a system-of-systems (SoS) encompassing the required interactions between the involved systems. One of the challenges lies in reconciliation of the domain data structures and runtime constraints to ensure consistency of the SoS behavior. In this paper, we present a generative approach that enables reconciliation of a common platform based on reusable domain models of the involved systems. This is comparable to a product line configuration problem where we generate a common platform model for all involved systems. We discuss the specific requirements for model composition in a SoS context and address them in our approach. In particular, our approach addresses the operational and managerial independence of the individual systems and offers appropriate modeling constructs. We report on our experiences of applying the approach in several real world projects and share the lessons learned.
Applications of mass spectrometry in metabolomic studies of animal model and invertebrate systems (2008)

Metabolomics provides rich datasets for systems biology. Mass spectrometric (MS) techniques are rapidly gaining in importance for untargeted metabolic profiling. In this review, we survey the various techniques for sample preparation and analysis relating to the various MS techniques and illustrate the potential of these techniques for both observing complete metabolomes and detecting changes in the metabolism resulting from genetic mutation of other perturbations. The use of some of these techniques in the study of model organisms including rodent and various invertebrate models is described. The invertebrate systems are of particular interest since such organisms have valuable mutant resources, such as RNAi panels directed against nearly all the genes in the genome. The demonstration that they are readily compatible with metabolomic approaches is particularly important for systems approaches to metabolic pathways.
Treatment of erosive oral lichen planus with topical tacrolimus (2004)

Topical tacrolimus is an effective treatment for erosive oral LP. The majority of patients require long-term therapy to maintain remission.
Le concept d’essence et la comorbidité dans les troubles neurodéveloppementaux (2019)

Cet article se centrera sur le concept d’ESSENCE (qui inclut l’autisme, le TDAH, et plusieurs autres de ce que l’on nomme « troubles », comme on le verra). Ce concept represente, a bien des egards, le travail de « mes » groupes de recherche clinique et de science fondamentale (dans des lieux varies du monde), et de ce fait l’article inclura plus de references a « nos » groupes qu’il serait autrement considere raisonnable. Notre groupe de recherche au Centre Gillberg de Neuropsychiatrie -avec des collaborateurs un peu partout dans de monde – a ete, dans bien des cas, en premiere ligne pour demontrer la realite de ce que l’on appelle la comorbidite dans le champ des troubles neurodeveloppementaux. Ce court article presente une vue d’ensemble du terme d’ESSENCE et des composantes/syndromes qu’il inclut.
Conducting polymer artificial muscle fibres: toward an open air linear actuation (2010)

We describe here a truly "one piece" electronic conducting polymer based linear actuator operating in the open air.
OsPNH1 regulates leaf development and maintenance of the shoot apical meristem in rice (2002)

The Arabidopsis PINHEAD/ZWILLE (PNH/ZLL) gene is thought to play an important role in the formation of the shoot apical meristem (SAM) and in leaf adaxial cell specification. To investigate the molecular mechanisms of rice development, we have isolated a rice homologue of PNH/ZLL, called OsPNH1. Around the SAM, OsPNH1 was strongly expressed in developing leaf primordia, specifically in the presumptive vascular domains, developing vascular tissues, a few cell-layers of the adaxial region, and future bundle sheath extension cells. In the SAM, only weak expression was observed in the central region, whereas strong expression was detected in the mid-vein region of leaf founder cells in the peripheral SAM domain. We produced transgenic rice plants containing the antisense OsPNH1 strand. The antisense OsPNH1 plants developed malformed leaves with an altered vascular arrangement and abnormal internal structure. These plants also formed an aberrant SAM with reduced KNOX gene expression. We examined the subcellular localization of the OsPNH1-GFP fusion protein and found that it was localized in the cytoplasm. On the basis of these observations, we propose that OsPNH1 functions not only in SAM maintenance as previously thought, but also in leaf formation through vascular development.
Hardware-efficient steering matrix computation architecture for MIMO communication systems (2008)

Beamforming (BF) improves the error rate performance of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless communication systems by spatial separation of the transmitted data streams. Spatial separation is achieved by multiplication of the transmit vector by a steering matrix, which is obtained through the singular value decomposition (SVD) of the channel matrix. In this paper, we describe a hardware-efficient VLSI architecture for steering matrix computation using a hardware- optimized SVD algorithm. Our architecture contains a high-speed Givens rotation unit which achieves high processing throughput at low area. The resulting VLSI implementation requires 3.3 mus per steering matrix computation at an expense of 41.3 kGEs and shows a 3.5-fold hardware-efficiency gain compared to a reference SVD implementation.
Presence of Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates Possessing bla KPC in the United States (2008)

The presence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes [i.e., qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, aac(6')-Ib-cr, and qepA] was evaluated among 42 bla(KPC)-containing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates collected in the eastern United States. One isolate carried the bla(KPC-3) and qnrB19 genes on the same conjugative plasmid, whereas another carried the bla(KPC-3) and qnrA1 genes on separate plasmids.
[Bone disease in the field of CKD-MBD]. (2016)

The pathophysiology and treatment for renal bone disease have made remakable progress. Moreover, osteocyte reseach has made tremendous progress. In the clinical aspect, (1) hyperphosphatemia, (2) hyperparathyroid and hypoparathyroid bone disease in patients with chronic kidney disease, (3) increased serum level of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) and(4) reduced level of Klotho should be taken into consideration when analyzing these conditions. On the other hand, hyperphosphatemia must be successfully treated. Hyperparathyroid bone disease has been successfully treated with vitamin D sterol, cinacalcet hydrochloride and parathyroidectomy, however, the treatment of hypoparathyroidism inpatient with diabetes or non-diabetes met with high hurdles. We must treat these patients in thinking about osteocytic perilacunar/canalicular system.
Supplementary Figure S1 from MK-4101, a Potent Inhibitor of the Hedgehog Pathway, Is Highly Active against Medulloblastoma and Basal Cell Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Chemical Structure and Molecular Data for MK-4101&lt;/p&gt;
Chelon approach to analysis: I. Survey of theory and application (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChelon approach to analysis: I. Survey of theory and applicationC. N. Reilley , R. W. Schmid , and Fawzy S. Sadek Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1959, 36, 11, 555Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1959Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 November 1959Published inissue 1 November 1959https://doi.org/10.1021/ed036p555RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views349Altmetric-Citations205LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (7 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Inadequate sleep hygiene is a common cause of sleepiness in adolescents (2014)

A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Quantum Correlations in the Nonperturbative Regime of Semiconductor Microcavities (2000)

The nonlinear optical response of semiconductor microcavities in the nonpertubative regime is studied in resonant single-beam-transmission and pump-probe experiments. In both cases a pronounced third transmission peak lying spectrally between the two normal modes is observed. A fully quantized theory is essential for the agreement with the experimental observations, demonstrating that quantum fluctuations leading to intraband polarizations are responsible for this effect.
Supplemental Figure Legends from Regulation of HIF1α under Hypoxia by APE1/Ref-1 Impacts CA9 Expression: Dual Targeting in Patient-Derived 3D Pancreatic Cancer Models (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure Legends for Supplemental Figures&lt;/p&gt;
Encapsulated islets transplantation: Past, present and future (2012)

Islet transplantation could become an ideal treatment for severe diabetes to prevent hypoglycemia shock and irreversible diabetic complications, once some of the major and unresolved obstacles are overcome, including limited donor supplies and side effects caused by permanent immunosuppressant use. Approximately 30 years ago, some groups succeeded in improving the blood glucose of diabetic animals by transplanting encapsulated islets with semi-permeable membranes consisting of polymer. A semi-permeable membrane protects both the inner islets from mechanical stress and the recipient's immune system (both cellular and humoral immunities), while allowing bidirectional diffusion of nutrients, oxygen, glucose, hormones and wastes, i.e., immune-isolation. This device, which enables immune-isolation, is called encapsulated islets or bio-artificial pancreas. Encapsulation with a semi-permeable membrane can provide some advantages: (1) this device protects transplanted cells from the recipient's immunity even if the xenogeneic islets (from large animals such as pig) or insulin-producing cells are derived from cells that have the potential for differentiation (some kinds of stem cells). In other words, the encapsulation technique can resolve the problem of limited donor supplies; and (2) encapsulation can reduce or prevent chronic administration of immunosuppressants and, therefore, important side effects otherwise induced by immunosuppressants. And now, many novel encapsulated islet systems have been developed and are being prepared for testing in a clinical setting.
Measurement and Simulation of Water Transport During Freezing in Mammalian Liver Tissue (1997)

Optimization of cryosurgical procedures on deep tissues such as liver requires an increased understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of ice formation and water transport in tissues during freezing. In order to further investigate and quantify the amount of water transport that occurs during freezing in tissue, this study reports quantitative and dynamic experimental data and theoretical modeling of rat liver freezing under controlled conditions. The rat liver was frozen by one of four methods of cooling: Method 1-ultrarapid "slam cooling" (> or = 1000 degrees C/min) for control samples; Method 2-equilibrium freezing achieved by equilibrating tissue at different subzero temperatures (-4, -6, -8, -10 degrees C); Method 3-two-step freezing, which involves cooling at 5 degrees C/min. to -4, -6, -8, -10 or -20 degrees C followed immediately by slam cooling; or Method 4-constant and controlled freezing at rates from 5-400 degrees C/min. on a directional cooling stage. After freezing, the tissue was freeze substituted, embedded in resin, sectioned, stained, and imaged under a light microscope fitted with a digitizing system. Image analysis techniques were then used to determine the relative cellular to extracellular volumes of the tissue. The osmotically inactive cell volume was determined to be 0.35 by constructing a Boyle van't Hoff plot using cellular volumes from Method 2. The dynamic volume of the rat liver cells during cooling was obtained using cellular volumes from Method 3 (two-step freezing at 5 degrees C/min). A nonlinear regression fit of a Krogh cylinder model to the volumetric shrinkage data in Method 3 yielded the biophysical parameters of water transport in rat liver tissue of: Lpg = 3.1 x 10(-13) m3/Ns (1.86 microns/min-atm) and ELp = 290 kJ/mole (69.3 kcal/mole), with chi-squared variance of 0.00124. These parameters were then incorporated into the Krogh cylinder model and used to simulate water transport in rat liver tissue during constant cooling at rates between 5-100 degrees C/min. Reasonable agreement between these simulations and the constant cooling rate freezing experiments in Method 4 were obtained. The model predicts that the water transport ceases at a relatively high subzero temperature (-10 degrees C), such that the amount of intracellular ice forming in the tissue cells rises from almost none (= extensive dehydration and vascular expansion) at < or = 5 degrees C/min to over 88 percent of the original cellular water at > or = 50 degrees C/min. The theoretical simulations based on these experimental methods may be of use in visualizing and predicting freezing response, and thus can assist in the planning and implementing of cryosurgical protocols.
Efficient Equalization Method for Cyclic Prefix-Free Coarsely Quantized Massive MIMO Systems (2018)

The use of low resolution Analog to Digital Converters (ADCs) can significantly reduce the power consumption for massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems. The existing literature on quantized massive MIMO systems deals with Cyclic Prefix (CP) transmission schemes in frequency- selective fading channels. In this paper, we propose a block processing Frequency Domain Equalization (FDE) technique in CP-free transmission schemes for massive MIMO systems having low resolution ADCs. The optimal block length for FDE is found by minimizing a computational complexity cost function and taking quantization distortion, channel impulse response and the number of transmit and receiver antennas into account. Through numerical simulation, it is shown that the optimal block length also guarantees good performance in terms of the Mean Square Error (MSE) and Bit Error-Rate (BER) criterion.
Vision: A Computational Investigation into the Human Representation and Processing of Visual Information (1982)

Marr's demonstrations that retinal receptive field geometry could be derived by Fourier transformation of spatial frequency sensitivity data, that edges and contours could be detected by finding zero crossings in the light gradient by taking the Laplacian or second directional derivative, that excitatory and inhibitory receptive fields could be constructed from “DOGi functions (the difference of two Gaussians), and that the visual system used a two-dimensional convolution integral with a Gaussian prefilter as an operator for bandwidth optimation on the retinal light distribution, were more powerful than anything that had been seen up to that time. It was as if vision research suddenly acquired its own Principia Mathematica, or perhaps General Relativity Theory, in terms of the new explanatory power Marr's theories provided. Truly an extraordinary book from an extraordinary thinker in the area of perception, vision, and the brain.