gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of an endoprotease from rat small intestinal mucosal secretory granules which generates somatostatin-28 from prosomatostatin by cleavage after a single arginine residue (1989)

We have extracted, characterized, and partially purified an enzyme from secretory granules from rat small intestinal mucosa which cleaves a synthetic prosomatostatin substrate on the carboxyl side of a single arginine residue. This substrate Leu-Gln-Arg-Ser-Ala-Asn-Ser-NH2 contains the monobasic site at which mammalian prosomatostatin is cleaved in vivo to generate somatostatin-28. This activity was released from the granules by osmotic shock followed by extraction with 500 mM KCl. The enzyme had a molecular weight of about 55,000, a pH optimum of about 7.5, and a Km for the synthetic substrate of 20 microM. It was partially inhibited by diisopropyl fluorophosphate, phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride, iodoacetate, soybean trypsin inhibitor, and EDTA. It was also very sensitive to aprotinin (complete inhibition at 25 micrograms/ml) but was not inhibited by bestatin, pepstatin, or p-chloromercuribenzoate. This endoprotease was unable to cleave three small trypsin and kallikrein substrates (N alpha-benzoyl-L-arginine ethyl ester, N alpha-benzoyl-DL-arginine p-nitroanilide, and N alpha-benzoyl-L-arginine 7-amido-4-methylcoumarin). It was unable to cleave either the Arg-Asp bond in CCK 12 or the Arg-Glu and Arg-Met bonds of synthetic peptides corresponding to sequences of anglerfish prosomatostatin II situated upstream from the somatostatin-28 domain. These observations together suggest that adjacent amino acids play a role in determining the conformational specificity of the monobasic cleavage. This soluble enzyme was also able to cleave three synthetic substrates containing dibasic residues (Arg-Lys or Lys-Arg) on the carboxyl side of the arginine, although it did so less rapidly than at the monobasic cleavage sites. When incubated with partially purified prosomatostatin from anglerfish pancreas, significant quantities of somatostatin-28 II were produced. All these cleavages were completely blocked by preincubation with aprotinin. Although further work is required to clarify the physiological role of this enzyme, it appears, in view of its catalytic properties, this endoprotease could be involved in the conversion of prosomatostatin to somatostatin-28 in intestine mucosal secretory cells.
Haralick feature extraction from LBP images for color texture classification (2008)

In this paper, we present a new approach for color texture classification by use of Haralick features extracted from co-occurrence matrices computed from local binary pattern (LBP) images. These LBP images, which are different from the color LBP initially proposed by Maenpaa and Pietikainen, are extracted from color texture images, which are coded in 28 different color spaces. An iterative procedure then selects among the extracted features, those which discriminate the textures, in order to build a low dimensional feature space. Experimental results, achieved with the BarkTex database, show the interest of this method with which a satisfying rate of well-classified images (85.6%) is obtained, with a 10-dimensional feature space.
Model Based Sensitivity Analysis in the Determination of Viscoelastic Material Properties Using Transmission Measurements through Circular Waveguides (2015)

Several ultrasonic approaches for material determination are formulated in terms of an (nonlinear) inverse problem, e.g. immer- sion technique (Castaings et al. (2000)) or plate-waveguide techniques (Marzani et al. (2012)). In this contribution we focus on cylindrical waveguides for ultrasonic material determination and especially on the sensitivity of recorded transmission signals to the material properties. We utilize composite scaled sensitivities to determine the information content that can be achieved by the setup to certain parameters and discuss the limitations of the approach.
High Performance Liquid Chromatography in Veterinary Toxicology (1984)

Abstract Since the late 1960's, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has performed an increasingly important role as a separative analytical technique. Its range of application is far wider than that of gas chromatography which makes it attractive to those disciplines that require the capability to analyze a diversity of compound in a variety of matrices. The field of veterinary toxicology is such an area. Veterinary toxicology laboratories must have the capability to identify and quantify compounds from many different classes of toxicants. This demand requires a wide range of analytical capabilities so that inorganic, volatile organic, and complex high molecular weight toxicantscan a11 be quickly determined. The matrices from which the analytes must be separated are frequently complex; typically feeds, biological fluids, and tissues. Often clues as to the nature of the analyte are lacking in the sample history requiring methods that can screen for many classes of compounds. This review attempts to bring together those reported applications of HPLC to veterinary toxicology.
Motion pattern interpretation and detection for tracking moving vehicles in airborne video (2009)

Detection and tracking of moving vehicles in airborne videos is a challenging problem. Many approaches have been proposed to improve motion segmentation on frame-by-frame and pixel-by-pixel bases, however, little attention has been paid to analyze the long-term motion pattern, which is a distinctive property for moving vehicles in airborne videos. In this paper, we provide a straightforward geometric interpretation of a general motion pattern in 4D space (x, y, v <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> , v <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">y</sub> ). We propose to use the tensor voting computational framework to detect and segment such motion patterns in 4D space. Specifically, in airborne videos, we analyze the essential difference in motion patterns caused by parallax and independent moving objects, which leads to a practical method for segmenting motion patterns (flows) created by moving vehicles in stabilized airborne videos. The flows are used in turn to facilitate detection and tracking of each individual object in the flow. Conceptually, this approach is similar to “track-before-detect” techniques, which involves temporal information in the process as early as possible. As shown in the experiments, many difficult cases in airborne videos, such as parallax, noisy background modeling and long term occlusions, can be addressed by our approach.
Deletion of IRF8 (Interferon Regulatory Factor 8)-Dependent Dendritic Cells Abrogates Proatherogenic Adaptive Immunity (2018)

IRF8 expression in DCs plays a nonredundant role in the development of proatherogenic adaptive immunity.
Background studies in support of a feasibility assessment on the use of copper-base materials for nuclear waste packages in a repository in tuff (1990)

This report combines six work units performed in FY`85--86 by the Copper Development Association and the International Copper Research Association under contract with the University of California. The work includes literature surveys and state-of-the-art summaries on several considerations influencing the feasibility of the use of copper-base materials for fabricating high-level nuclear waste packages for the proposed repository in tuff rock at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. The general conclusion from this work was that copper-base materials are viable candidates for inclusion in the materials selection process for this application. 55 refs., 48 figs., 22 tabs.
Investigation of the Impact Behaviour of Ice Particles (2014)

In this study, the impact behaviour of irregular and spherical ice particles on a solid surface was investigated. The ice particles were accelerated within the Icing and Contamination Research Facility (iCORE) by an ejection module using compressed air. The impact velocity of the particles was varied between 1 m/s and 74 m/s. The maximum dimension of the particles ranged from several microns up to 1.6 mm. The impact target consisted of a tiltable aluminium surface and impact angles of 30° and 90° were set. The impact process was recorded by a high-speed camera. Based on the observations, four different fragmentation cases were defined. Fragmentation models for the description of the deformation of the particle and the development of lateral cracks within the particle on impact are presented. The velocity up to which no particle fragmentation occurs and the maximum velocity up to which only minor fragmentation occurs were defined based on the experimental results.
Magnetic Temperature and Corrosion Properties of the Nife/irmn Exchange Couple (1998)

Exchange biasing properties of the NiFe/IrMn exchange couple were investigated by varying the IrMn composition and sputtering conditions. At a composition of Ir20Mn80 an exchange field of ∼60 Oe and a coercivity of 8 Oe were obtained for the structure Si/Ta-75 A/NiFe-250 A/IrMn-500 A. The maximum exchange field obtained was similar for rf diode, rf magnetron, and dc magnetron sputtering of the IrMn. X-ray diffraction measurements showed that the crystalline texture was (111) for both the NiFe and IrMn, but a strong crystalline texture did not necessarily correspond to a large exchange field. The interfacial exchange energy, Jk, was evaluated to be 0.145 erg/cm2 and the minimum thickness of IrMn needed to support an exchange field was 75 A. The blocking temperature was measured to be a function of the IrMn thickness and was in the range of 220–250 °C for thicknesses >200 A. Below this, the blocking temperature rapidly decreased to a value of 130 °C at 75 A of IrMn. Corrosion testing was done in a Battelle Class II type corrosive environment. Using the exchange field as a figure of merit, it was found that the IrMn corrosion properties were only slightly better than FeMn, and significantly worse than NiMn and CoNiO. We were also able to successfully fabricate NiFe based spin-valves pinned with IrMn and they show good magnetic properties. Our results show than IrMn is a good alternative to FeMn.
Structure of Inclusion Complexes of Cyclodextrins with Triglyceride at Vegetable Oil/Water Interface (1992)

ABSTRACT The interfacial tension of vegetable oil (soybean oil or coconut oil)/ water interface decreased with the increase of cyclodextrin (CD) concentration. The interfacial excess and interfacial area were calculated from the Gibbs’ adsorption equation. The average number of CD molecules including a fatty acid residue of soybean oil at the interface was estimated at 2.4 for each of α‐CD and β‐CD. The average number of CD molecules complexed with a fatty acid residue of coconut oil was 1.8 for α‐CD and 1.7 for β‐CD. These results suggested that the CD molecules formed the inclusion complex with the triglyceride according to the chain length of fatty acid residue at the interface.
Chapter 4. Phosphonium salts and P-ylides (2015)

The present review is aimed at describing the state-of-the-art, for the period January–December 2013, of two pillar classes of phosphorus containing compounds, the phosphonium salts and ylides. The importance of these derivatives is revealed by the very high number of references cited herein. For the Reader’s convenience, topics are organized to offer an introductory survey on the methods of preparation and characterisation of both types of compounds, followed by an analysis of the most remarkable but also curiosity driven researches for their applications. A special section is devoted to phosphonium-based ionic liquids (PILs)&#13;\ndue to the exceptional importance of this subject.
Purification, characterization, and synthesis of vitellin from the cabbage butterflyPieris rapaeL. (1988)

Abstract Vitellin from the cabbage butterfly Pieris rapae L. was purified and characterized by electrophoresis. Vitellin from P. rapae is a phosphorylated glycolipoprotein of 380,000 ± 10,000 molecular weight as determined by nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Two subunits with an M r of 150,000 and 40,000 were obtained from vitellin. The native molecule is thought to be a tetramer composed of two molecules of each of these subunits. The isoelectric point, as determined by isoelectric focusing on polyacrylamide gels, is 6.10. Vitellin and vitellogenin were indistinguishable by immunological methods such as double diffusion and tandem‐crossed immunoelectrophoresis. Vitellogenin from the hemolymph and vitellin from the ovary were quantified by rocket immunoelectrophoresis. Vitellogenin and vitellin were first detected in 6‐day‐old pupae, and their levels increased continuously during ovarian development. Vitellogenin synthesis by the fat body in 4‐day‐old female pupae could be induced by juvenile hormone I.
Ultrasound elastography for musculoskeletal applications (2012)

Ultrasound elastography (EUS) is a method to assess the mechanical properties of tissue, by applying stress and detecting tissue displacement using ultrasound. There are several EUS techniques used in clinical practice; strain (compression) EUS is the most common technique that allows real-time visualisation of the elastographic map on the screen. There is increasing evidence that EUS can be used to measure the mechanical properties of musculoskeletal tissue in clinical practice, with the future potential for early diagnosis to both guide and monitor therapy. This review describes the various EUS techniques available for clinical use, presents the published evidence on musculoskeletal applications of EUS and discusses the technical issues, limitations and future perspectives of this method in the assessment of the musculoskeletal system.
Bi-allelic variants in TSPOAP1 , encoding the active zone protein RIMBP1, cause autosomal recessive dystonia (2020)

ABSTRACT Dystonia is a debilitating hyperkinetic movement disorder, frequently transmitted as a monogenic trait. Here, we describe homozygous frameshift, nonsense and missense variants in TSPOAP1 , encoding the active zone RIM-binding protein 1 (RIMBP1), as a novel genetic cause of autosomal recessive dystonia in seven subjects from three unrelated families. Subjects carrying loss-of-function variants presented with juvenile- onset progressive generalized dystonia, associated with intellectual disability and cerebellar atrophy. Conversely, subjects carrying a pathogenic missense variant (p.Gly1808Ser) presented with isolated adult-onset focal dystonia. In mice, complete loss of RIMBP1, known to reduce neurotransmission, led to motor abnormalities reminiscent of dystonia, decreased Purkinje cell dendritic arborization, and reduced numbers of cerebellar synapses. In vitro analysis of the p.Gly1808Ser variant showed larger spike-evoked calcium transients and enhanced neurotransmission, suggesting that RIMBP1-linked dystonia can be caused by either reduced or enhanced rates of spike-evoked release in relevant neural networks. Our findings establish a direct link between presynaptic RIMBP1 dysfunction and dystonia and highlight the critical role played by well-balanced neurotransmission in motor control and disease pathogenesis.
Noise model for second-order two-integrator biquad using current conveyors (2017)

In this paper a Matlab noise model is developed for a two-integrator filter Biquadratic section (Biquad) using second-generation current conveyors (CCII). The noise model of the AD 844 current-feedback operational amplifier (CFOA), the input circuit of which is a CCII, is used for our analysis. However, because a correct noise model of the AD 844 does not exist in Pspice, a new noise model of the AD 844 is first developed for Pspice. The Matlab noise model is double-checked with our noise model for Pspice and shown to be in good agreement with it. Two terms of the noise model, namely a variable and a constant term are defined and found to be useful for the analysis. Furthermore, various contributions of individual noise sources to the overall noise are investigated separately, and it is shown that the dominant noise contribution of the AD 844 comes from the noise current sources connected to its input terminals.
Alpha-1 Antitrypsin for COVID-19 Treatment: Dual Role in Antiviral Infection and Anti-Inflammation (2020)

Many drugs have been approved for clinical trials for the treatment of COVID-19 disease, focusing on either antiviral or anti-inflammatory approaches. Combining antiviral and anti-inflammatory drugs or therapies together may be more effective. Human alpha-1 antitrypsin (A1AT) is a blood circulating glycoprotein that is best known as a protease inhibitor. It has been used to treat emphysema patients with A1AT deficiency for decades. We and others have demonstrated its role in reducing acute lung injury by inhibiting inflammation, cell death, coagulation, and neutrophil elastase activation. Recently, A1AT has been found to inhibit severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection by inhibiting transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2), a protease involved in the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into host cells. This dual role of both antiviral infection and anti-inflammation makes A1AT a unique and excellent candidate for COVID-19 treatment. Three clinical trials of A1AT for COVID-19 treatment have recently been approved in several countries. It is important to determine whether A1AT can prevent the progress from moderate to severe lung injury and eventually to be used to treat COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Escherichia coli RecX Inhibits RecA Recombinase and Coprotease Activities in Vitro and in Vivo (2003)

In Escherichia coli the RecA protein plays a pivotal role in homologous recombination, DNA repair, and SOS repair and mutagenesis. A gene designated recX (or oraA) is present directly downstream of recA in E. coli; however, the function of RecX is unknown. In this work we demonstrated interaction of RecX and RecA in a yeast two-hybrid assay. In vitro, substoichiometric amounts of RecX strongly inhibited both RecA-mediated DNA strand exchange and RecA ATPase activity. In vivo, we showed that recX is under control of the LexA repressor and is up-regulated in response to DNA damage. A loss-of-function mutation in recX resulted in decreased resistance to UV irradiation; however, overexpression of RecX in trans resulted in a greater decrease in UV resistance. Overexpression of RecX inhibited induction of two din (damage-inducible) genes and cleavage of the UmuD and LexA repressor proteins; however, recX inactivation had no effect on any of these processes. Cells overexpressing RecX showed decreased levels of P1 transduction, whereas recX mutation had no effect on P1 transduction frequency. Our combined in vitro and in vivo data indicate that RecX can inhibit both RecA recombinase and coprotease activities.
In vitro phosphorylation of COOH termini of the epithelial Na+channel and its effects on channel activity inXenopusoocytes (2001)

Recent findings have suggested the involvement of protein phosphorylation in the regulation of the epithelial Na(+) channel (ENaC). This study reports the in vitro phosphorylation of the COOH termini of ENaC subunits expressed as glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins. Channel subunits were specifically phosphorylated by kinase-enriched cytosolic fractions derived from rat colon. The phosphorylation observed was not mediated by the serum- and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase sgk. For the gamma-subunit, phosphorylation occurred on a single, well-conserved threonine residue located in the immediate vicinity of the PY motif (T630). The analogous residue on beta(S620) was phosphorylated as well. The possible role of gammaT630 and betaS620 in channel function was studied in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Mutating these residues to alanine had no effect on the basal channel-mediated current. They do, however, inhibit the sgk-induced increase in channel activity but only in oocytes that were preincubated in low Na(+) and had a high basal Na(+) current. Thus mutating gammaT630 or betaS620 may limit the maximal channel activity achieved by a combination of sgk and low Na(+).
Role of Thiamin (Vitamin B-1) and Transketolase in Tumor Cell Proliferation (2000)

Metabolic control analysis predicts that stimulators of transketolase enzyme synthesis such as thiamin (vitamin B-1) support a high rate of nucleic acid ribose synthesis necessary for tumor cell survival, chemotherapy resistance, and proliferation. Metabolic control analysis also predicts that transketolase inhibitor drugs will have the opposite effect on tumor cells. This may have important implications in the nutrition and future treatment of patients with cancer.
Electrical Manipulation of Nanofilaments in Transition-Metal Oxides for Resistance-Based Memory (2009)

The fabrication of controlled nanostructures such as quantum dots, nanotubes, nanowires, and nanopillars has progressed rapidly over the past 10 years. However, both bottom-up and top-down methods to integrate the nanostructures are met with several challenges. For practical applications with the high level of the integration, an approach that can fabricate the required structures locally is desirable. In addition, the electrical signal to construct and control the nanostructures can provide significant advantages toward the stability and ordering. Through experiments on the negative resistance switching phenomenon in Pt-NiO-Pt structures, we have fabricated nanofilament channels that can be electrically connected or disconnected. Various analyses indicate that the nanofilaments are made of nickel and are formed at the grain boundaries. The scaling behaviors of the nickel nanofilaments were closely examined, with respect to the switching time, power, and resistance. In particular, the 100 nm x 100 nm cell was switchable on the nanosecond scale, making them ideal for the basis for high-speed, high-density, nonvolatile memory applications.
Discussion of the Interpretation Problem Encountered in Single-Wavelength Lidar Transmissometers (1978)

The inadequacies in applying the “ratio” and “slope” methods to the interpretation of lidar return signals from inhomogeneous atmospheric dispersions in terms of the attenuation coefficient and atmospheric visibility are discussed, as is the general single-wavelength lidar interpretation problem.
Investigation and Mitigation of Differential Movement at Railway Transitions for US High Speed Passenger Rail and Joint Passenger/Freight Corridors (2012)

As with most highway bridges, railway transitions experience differential movements due to differences in track system stiffness, track damping characteristics, foundation type, ballast settlement from fouling and/or degradation, as well as fill and subgrade settlement. This differential movement is especially problematic for high speed rail infrastructure as the “bump” at the transition is accentuated at high speeds. Identification of different factors contributing towards this differential movement, as well as development of design and maintenance strategies to mitigate the problem is imperative for the safe and economical operation of both freight and passenger rail networks. This paper presents the research framework and preliminary findings from a recently initiated research effort at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Aimed at developing design and repair techniques to mitigate differential movement at railway transitions, this research project involves instrumentation, performance monitoring and numerical modeling of new and existing track transitions.