gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Engineering human islet organoids from iPSCs using an organ-on-chip platform (2019)

Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived islet cells provide promising resources for diabetes studies, cell replacement treatment and drug screening. Recently, hPSC-derived organoids have represented a new class of in vitro organ models for disease modeling and regenerative medicine. However, rebuilding biomimetic human islet organoids from hPSCs remains challenging. Here, we present a new strategy to engineer human islet organoids derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) using an organ-on-a-chip platform combined with stem cell developmental principles. The microsystem contains a multi-layer microfluidic device that allows controllable aggregation of embryoid bodies (EBs), in situ pancreatic differentiation and generation of heterogeneous islet organoids in parallel under perfused 3D culture in a single device. The generated islet organoids contain heterogeneous islet-specific α and β-like cells that exhibit favorable growth and cell viability. They also show enhanced expression of pancreatic β-cell specific genes and proteins (PDX1 and NKX6.1) and increased β-cell hormone specific INS gene and C-peptide protein expressions under perfused 3D culture conditions compared to static cultures. In addition, the islet organoids exhibit more sensitive glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and higher Ca2+ flux, indicating the role of biomimetic mechanical flow in promoting endocrine cell differentiation and maturation of islet organoids. This islet-on-a-chip system is robust and amenable to real-time imaging and in situ tracking of islet organoid growth, which may provide a promising platform for organoid engineering, disease modeling, drug testing and regenerative medicine.
Exploiting mobility in large scale ad hoc wireless networks (2004)

Mobility is generally viewed as a major impediment in the control and management of large scale wireless networks. However, researchers have recently looked at mobility in a different way, trying to take advantage of it instead of protecting from it. In the literature, mobility is generally modeled as independent random moves by each node. However, in reality, mobile nodes tend to show some degree of correlated (group oriented) motion behavior. This feature, once detected and understood, can be exploited to help improve network performance, in particular, scalability. We present several schemes for exploring mobility patterns, in particular group mobility. We show, via simulations, that the physical group mobility behavior of mobile nodes can be autonomously recognized and discovered by network layer routing schemes. It can then be utilized to reduce routing overhead and achieve good scalability in large scale ad hoc networks.
Percutaneous polymeric stents in porcine coronary arteries. Initial experience with polyethylene terephthalate stents. (1992)

This study demonstrates that percutaneous deployment of polymeric stents in the coronary arteries is technically feasible. The use of PET polymer was associated with an intense proliferative neointimal response that resulted in complete vessel occlusion. Histological examination of the stented segments of the vessel revealed no evidence that dissection of the vessel wall had occurred at the time of initial stent deployment. Although the PET polymer was of similar quality to that used in the manufacture of balloon angioplasty catheters, a toxic chemical or contaminant effect cannot be completely excluded as the stimulus to intimal proliferation. This finding may have relevance to the selection of materials for use as intravascular devices.
Estimating 3-D Respiratory Motion From Orbiting Views by Tomographic Image Registration (2007)

Respiratory motion remains a significant source of errors in treatment planning for the thorax and upper abdomen. Recently, we proposed a method to estimate two-dimensional (2-D) object motion from a sequence of slowly rotating X-ray projection views, which we called deformation from orbiting views (DOVs). In this method, we model the motion as a time varying deformation of a static prior of the anatomy. We then optimize the parameters of the motion model by maximizing the similarity between the modeled and actual projection views. This paper extends the method to full three-dimensional (3-D) motion and cone-beam projection views. We address several practical issues for using a cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scanner that is integrated in a radiotherapy system, such as the effects of Compton scatter and the limited gantry rotation for one breathing cycle. We also present simulation and phantom results to illustrate the performance of this method.
Mirror-assisted tomographic diffractive microscopy with isotropic resolution (2010)

We demonstrate that the axial resolution of a reflection tomographic diffractive microscope is drastically improved when the sample is placed in front of a perfect mirror. We show analytically and with rigorous simulations that this approach permits us to obtain images with the same isotropic resolution as that obtained when the sample is illuminated and observed from every possible angle. The main difficulty lies in accounting properly for the mirror in the inversion algorithm.
Biological and Structural Characterization of a Naturally Inspired Material Engineered from Elastin as a Candidate for Tissue Engineering Applications (2013)

The adoption of a biomimetic approach in the design and fabrication of innovative materials for biomedical applications is encountering a growing interest. In particular, new molecules are being engineered on the basis of proteins present in the extracellular matrix, such as fibronectin, collagen, or elastin. Following this approach scientists expect to be able not only to obtain materials with tailored mechanical properties but also to elicit specific biological responses inherited by the mimicked tissue. In the present work, a novel peptide, engineered starting from the sequence encoded by exon 28 of human tropoelastin, was characterized from a chemical, physical, and biological point of view. The obtained molecule was observed to aggregate at high temperatures, forming a material able to induce a biological effect similar to what elastin does in the physiological context. This material seems to be a good candidate to play a relevant role in future biomedical applications with special reference to vascular surgery.
The Tribes of Machine Learning and the Realm of Computer Architecture (2020)

Machine learning techniques have influenced the field of computer architecture like many other fields. This paper studies how the fundamental machine learning techniques can be applied towards computer architecture problems. We also provide a detailed survey of computer architecture research that employs different machine learning methods. Finally, we present some future opportunities and the outstanding challenges that need to be overcome to exploit full potential of machine learning for computer architecture.
Nanoparticles-doped guest-host liquid crystal displays (2008)

The technique, nanoparticles-induced vertical alignment (NIVA), was applied to fabricate a guest-host liquid crystal display (GH-LCD) without conventional alignment layers. The GH-LCD produced by NIVA exhibited a high reflectance of approximately 59% in the voltage-off state and a low threshold voltage of approximately 2.1 V(rms). NIVA is very suitable to be applied for fabricating a plastic LCD requiring a low temperature process, and a flexible timepiece by using NIVA was demonstrated.
A Laser Interferometer Schlieren System for High Frequency Gas Density Measurements (1970)

A modification of the Ashby-Jephcott laser interferometer is described, by which both interferometric and schlieren information from an unsteady gas flow can be recorded at rates up to 5 MHz. The laser interferometer schlieren system (LIS) facilitates interpretation of the fringes recorded by the Ashby-Jephcott system by recording both fringe and density gradient information in time. Use of the LIS is described in measuring ρ(t) for the shock and subsequent expansion flow from an open ended shock tube in air.
Heterofermentative Carbohydrate Metabolism of Lactose-Impaired Mutants ofStreptococcus lactis (1972)

Two mutants of Streptococcus lactis ATCC 11454 have been isolated which possess an impaired lactose-fermenting capacity; galactose utilization is also affected, but to a lesser extent. Although the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway is the major, if not the sole, pathway of carbohydrate metabolism in the three strains, the fermentation end products of the mutants are dramatically different from the typical homolactic pattern of the wild type. Under conditions of low oxygen tension and growth-limiting lactose concentrations, mutant strain T-1 produces largely formic acid, acetic acid (2:1), and ethanol rather than lactic acid. Aerated cultures produce acetic acid, CO(2) (1:1), acetyl-methylcarbinol, and diacetyl. When the mutants use galactose as an energy source, lactic acid is the major end product, but significant heterofermentative activity is observed. The aberrations responsible for the mutant phenotypes reside in the proteins which catalyze the transport and hydrolysis of galactosides. It is hypothesized that the impaired transport system of the mutants reduces the intracellular pool of glycolytic intermediates below that of the wild type. Since fructose-1, 6-diphosphate is an activator of lactic dehydrogenase in S. lactis, lactic acid production is reduced, and pathways leading to the formation of other products are expressed.
Induction of antigen-specific antibodies by a short prime-boost immunization protocol. (2015)

&lt;p&gt;Female BALB/c mice (n = 5) were immunized once with VSV*ΔG(MUL2232) or VSV*ΔG(MUL3720) and boosted with rMUL2232 or rMUL3720 three weeks later. Control animals (n = 5 and n = 3) were immunized with empty replicon prior to recombinant protein boost three weeks later. (A) Analysis of serially diluted immune sera by ELISA on immobilized rMUL2232. Mean values (dot) ± standard deviations are shown. (B) Western blotting analysis on &lt;i&gt;M&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;i&gt;ulcerans&lt;/i&gt; lysate using the indicated immune sera taken three weeks after protein boost. (C) Analysis of serially diluted immune sera by ELISA on immobilized rMUL3720. Mean values (dot) ± standard deviation are shown. (D) Western blotting analysis on &lt;i&gt;M&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;i&gt;ulcerans&lt;/i&gt; lysate using the indicated immune sera taken two weeks after protein boost.&lt;/p&gt;
A 2-GHz Gain Equalizer for Analog Signal Transmission Using Feedforward Compensation by a Low-Pass Filter (2011)

A 2GHz gain equalizer for analog signal transmission using a novel gain compensation method is described in this paper. This method is based on feedforward compensation by a low-pass filter, which improves the gain-equalizing performance by subtracting low-pass filtered signals from the directly passed signal at the end of a transmission line. The advantage of the proposed method over the conventional one is that the gain is equalized with a smaller THD at higher frequencies by using a low-pass instead of a high-pass filter. In this circuit, the peak gain is adjustable from 0 to 2.4dB and the frequency of the peak gain can be controlled up to 2GHz by varying the value of an external capacitor. Also this circuit achieves THD with 5dB better than the conventional circuits.
Maximum likelihood estimation of oncogenetic tree models (2004)

We present a new approach for modelling the dependences between genetic changes in human tumours. In solid tumours, data on genetic alterations are usually only available at a single point in time, allowing no direct insight into the sequential order of genetic events. In our approach, genetic tumour development and progression is assumed to follow a probabilistic tree model. We show how maximum likelihood estimation can be used to reconstruct a tree model for the dependences between genetic alterations in a given tumour type. We illustrate the use of the proposed method by applying it to cytogenetic data from 173 cases of clear cell renal cell carcinoma, arriving at a model for the karyotypic evolution of this tumour.
ELight: Enabling Efficient Photonic In-Memory Neurocomputing with Life Enhancement (2022)

With the recent advances in optical phase change material (PCM), photonic in-memory neurocomputing has demonstrated its superiority in optical neural network (ONN) designs with near-zero static power consumption, time-of-light latency, and compact footprint. However, photonic tensor cores require massive hardware reuse to implement large matrix multiplication due to the limited single-core scale. The resultant large number of PCM writes leads to serious dynamic power and overwhelms the fragile PCM with limited write endurance. In this work, we propose a synergistic optimization framework, ELight, to minimize the overall write efforts for efficient and reliable optical in-memory neurocomputing. We first propose write-aware training to encourage the similarity among weight blocks, and combine it with a post-training optimization method to reduce programming efforts by eliminating redundant writes. Experiments show that ELight can achieve over <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$20\times$</tex> reduction in the total number of writes and dynamic power with comparable accuracy. With our ELight, photonic in-memory neurocomputing will step forward towards viable applications in machine learning with preserved accuracy, order-of-magnitude longer lifetime, and lower programming energy.
Komplexchemie perhalogenierter Cyclopentadiene und Alkine, I. Metallierung von (C5Cl4Br)Mn(CO)3 und Umsetzungen mit Elektrophilen (1988)

Coordination Chemistry of Perhalogenated cyclopentadienes and Alkynes, I. — metalation of (C 5 Cl 4 Br)Mn(CO) 3 and Reactions with Electrophiles Lithiation of (C 5 Cl 4 Br)Mn(CO) 3 with n ‐butyllithium gives the isolable, but very air‐sensitive (C 5 Cl 4 Li)Mn(CO) 3 ( 2 ), which reacts with a series of electrophiles to yield (C 5 Cl 4 Br)Mn(CO) 3 ( 3 ), where E = H, Me, SiR 3 , CO 2 R or SR.
Caveolin-3 knockout mice show increased adiposity and whole body insulin resistance, with ligand-induced insulin receptor instability in skeletal muscle (2005)

Caveolin-3 (Cav-3) is expressed predominantly in skeletal muscle fibers, where it drives caveolae formation at the muscle cell's plasma membrane. In vitro studies have suggested that Cav-3 may play a positive role in insulin signaling and energy metabolism. We directly address the in vivo metabolic consequences of genetic ablation of Cav-3 in mice as it relates to insulin action, glucose metabolism, and lipid homeostasis. At age 2 mo, Cav-3 null mice are significantly larger than wild-type mice, and display significant postprandial hyperinsulinemia, whole body insulin resistance, and whole body glucose intolerance. Studies using hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps revealed that Cav-3 null mice exhibited 20% and 40% decreases in insulin-stimulated whole body glucose uptake and whole body glycogen synthesis, respectively. Whole body insulin resistance was mostly attributed to 20% and 40% decreases in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and glucose metabolic flux in the skeletal muscle of Cav-3 null mice. In addition, insulin-mediated suppression of hepatic glucose production was significantly reduced in Cav-3 null mice, indicating hepatic insulin resistance. Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in white adipose tissue, which does not express Cav-3, was decreased by approximately 70% in Cav-3 null mice, suggestive of an insulin-resistant state for this tissue. During fasting, Cav-3 null mice possess normal insulin receptor protein levels in their skeletal muscle. However, after 15 min of acute insulin stimulation, Cav-3 null mice show dramatically reduced levels of the insulin receptor protein, compared with wild-type mice treated identically. These results suggest that Cav-3 normally functions to increase the stability of the insulin receptor at the plasma membrane, preventing its rapid degradation, i.e., by blocking or slowing ligand-induced receptor downregulation. Thus our results demonstrate the importance of Cav-3 in regulating whole body glucose homeostasis in vivo and its possible role in the development of insulin resistance. These findings may have clinical implications for the early diagnosis and treatment of caveolinopathies.
Multibody Implementation of Finite Volume C Beams (2000)

A C 0 beam discretization based on the finite volume concept is described. In the linear case this approach leads to a collocated evaluation of the stiffness matrix of the beam; it proves to be intrinsically free from shear locking. In the nonlinear formulation only a collocated evaluation of the elastic forces is required, which dramatically simplifies the computation of the elastic contribution to the equilibrium equations. The formulation is here developed for the general geometrically nonlinear case and implemented in multibody formulation. The proposed approach proved to be consistent; its major drawback lies In the loss of symmetry of both the linear and the linearized beam matrices. For this reason the method is particularly suitable for dynamic problems like a nonlinear implicit multibody numerical approximation, in which the symmetry of the matrices is not so important, as it is already lost, whereas the ease in the generation of the contributions to the equations can lead to faster and cheaper analyses. Some applications are outlined, and the most relevant results are discussed.
Enzyme Technology for Detoxification of Mycotoxins in Animal Feed (2019)

Mycotoxins are products of the secondary metabolism of filamentous fungi including Fusarium and Aspergillus species. These fungi colonize crop plants and grains, such as maize, as plant pathogens or saprotrophes. Therefore, grain for use as animal feed is frequently contaminated with deoxynivalenol, aflatoxin, fumonisin, zearalenone, or other mycotoxins. Mycotoxin contamination compromises the natural vigor, productivity, and disease resistance of farmed animals. Despite good agricultural practice and plant resistance breeding, mycotoxin contamination of animal feed remains an extant problem that presents an opportunity for industrial enzyme technology. BIOMIN has pioneered the development of animal feed enzymes for gastrointestinal degradation and detoxification of mycotoxins. One such recombinant enzyme, the fumonisin esterase FUMzyme ®, has been approved by regulatory authorities and is commercially available. This chapter sums up the research and development behind FUMzyme, including enzyme discovery and characterization, development of activity assays, feeding trials and biomarker analysis, enzyme engineering, production, and registration. The state of research and development of recombinant enzyme technology for detoxification of other mycotoxins is also described.
A self-administered, artificial intelligence (AI) platform for cognitive assessment in multiple sclerosis (MS) (2019)

Abstract Background Cognitive impairment is common in patients with MS. Accurate and repeatable measures of cognition have the potential to be used as a marker of disease activity. Methods We developed a 5-minute computerized test to measure cognitive dysfunction in patients with MS. The proposed test –named Integrated Cognitive Assessment (ICA)– is self-administered and language-independent. 91 MS patients and 83 healthy controls (HC) took part in substudy 1, in which each participant took the ICA test and the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for MS (BICAMS). We assessed ICA’s test-retest reliability, its correlation with BICAMS, its sensitivity to discriminate patients with MS from the HC group, and its accuracy in detecting cognitive dysfunction. In substudy 2, we recruited 48 MS patients, and examined the association between the level of serum neurofilament light (NfL) in these patients and their ICA scores. Results ICA demonstrated excellent test-retest reliability (r=0.94), with no learning bias (i.e. no significant practice effect); and had high level of convergent validity with BICAMS. ICA was sensitive in discriminating the MS patients from the HC group, and demonstrated a high accuracy (AUC = 95%) in discriminating cognitively normal from cognitively impaired participants. Additionally, we found a strong association (r=-0.79) between ICA score and the level of NfL in MS patients. Conclusions ICA has the potential to be used as a digital biomarker for assessment and monitoring of cognitive performance in MS patients. In comparison to standard cognitive tools for MS (e.g. BICAMS), ICA is shorter in duration, does not show a learning bias, is independent of language, and takes advantage of artificial intelligence (AI) to identify cognitive status of patients more accurately. Being a digital test, it further has the potential for easier electronic health record or research database integration.
Digital holography as a method for 3D imaging and estimating the biovolume of motile cells (2013)

Sperm morphology is regarded as a significant prognostic factor for fertilization, as abnormal sperm structure is one of the most common factors in male infertility. Furthermore, obtaining accurate morphological information is an important issue with strong implications in zoo-technical industries, for example to perform sorting of species X from species Y. A challenging step forward would be the availability of a fast, high-throughput and label-free system for the measurement of physical parameters and visualization of the 3D shape of such biological specimens. Here we show a quantitative imaging approach to estimate simply and quickly the biovolume of sperm cells, combining the optical tweezers technique with digital holography, in a single and integrated set-up for a biotechnology assay process on the lab-on-a-chip scale. This approach can open the way for fast and high-throughput analysis in label-free microfluidic based "cytofluorimeters" and prognostic examination based on sperm morphology, thus allowing advancements in reproductive science.
BiCMOS thermal sensor circuit for built-in testpurposes (1998)

New difficulties have arisen in integrated circuit (IC) testing due to trends in technological development. Alternatives to traditional circuit testing techniques are appearing, such as thermal testing. The authors present a new built-in IC-surface differential thermal sensor. The sensor, analysis, implementation on a BiCMOS specific integrated circuit, and experimental measurements show the viability of temperature sensing for testing purposes.