gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Validation of eddy current loss models for permanent magnet machines with fractional-slot concentrated windings (2013)

Permanent magnet (PM) machines with concentrated windings are increasingly used in industry because of their cost-effectiveness and low production time. Eddy current losses in the rotor of these machines are significant due to a large content of space harmonics in air gap MMF. Analytical and finite element (FE) models have been formulated to predict such losses. This paper presents experimental validation for an analytical and a FE model, in which an openslot and a semi-closed-slot fractional-slot PM machine with 27 slots and 18 poles are modeled. The experiments consist of static tests for both the analytical model and the FE model, and rotary tests only for the FE model. The results show the models can to some extent predict the eddy current losses in the rotor but further improvements such as a three dimensional model may help reduce the deviations between models and experiments.
Spacelab 4: Primate experiment support hardware (1984)

A squirrel monkey feeder and automatic urine collection system were designed to fly on the Spacelab 4 Shuttle Mission presently scheduled for January 1986. Prototypes of the feeder and urine collection systems were fabricated and extensively tested on squirrel monkeys at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Ames Research Center (ARC). The feeder design minimizes impact on the monkey's limited space in the cage and features improved reliability and biocompatibility over previous systems. The urine collection system is the first flight qualified, automatic urine collection device for squirrel monkeys. Flight systems are currently being fabricated.
Calix-4-resorcinarene Monolayers and Multilayers:  Formation, Structure, and Differential Adsorption1 (1996)

A tetrapodal calix-4-resorcinarenethiol has been immobilized in a gold−thiol monolayer. Adsorption of a variety of polar substrates into the monolayer has been demonstrated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. For many substrates, adsorption is reversible but not in the case of hydroxylactones for which adsorption appears to be followed by scission of the lactone ring and acylation of hydroxyl groups on the periphery of the bowl of the resorcarene. Evidence for this unusual behavior is presented. Some calix-4-resorcinarenes have been found to form multilayers under certain conditions. These multilayers have regular periodic rather than random structures and are able to adsorb substrates selectively. These multilayers disperse in polar solvents, but when pendant chains in a calix-4-resorcinarene multilayer are terminated by vinyl groups, UV irradiation apparently cross-links the chain with resulting stability of the multilayer and resistance to dispersal.
Indirect-Drive Time Dependent Symmetry Diagnosis at NIF-Scale (1999)

The scaling to NIF of current techniques used to infer the time-dependent flux asymmetries for indirectly-driven capsules is reviewed. We calculate that the projected accuracy for detecting the lowest mode asymmetries by a variety of techniques now meet the requirements for symmetry tuning for ignition. The scaling to NIF has also motivated the implementation of new, more efficient and hence less perturbative backlighting techniques which have recently provided high quality symmetry data during validation tests at the Omega facility.
Cumulative mechanisms of lymphoid tissue fibrosis and T cell depletion in HIV-1 and SIV infections (2011)

The hallmark of HIV-1 and SIV infections is CD4(+) T cell depletion. Both direct cell killing and indirect mechanisms related to immune activation have been suggested to cause the depletion of T cells. We have now identified a mechanism by which immune activation-induced fibrosis of lymphoid tissues leads to depletion of naive T cells in HIV-1 infected patients and SIV-infected rhesus macaques. The T regulatory cell response to immune activation increased procollagen production and subsequent deposition as fibrils via the TGF-β1 signaling pathway and chitinase 3-like-1 activity in fibroblasts in lymphoid tissues from patients infected with HIV-1. Collagen deposition restricted T cell access to the survival factor IL-7 on the fibroblastic reticular cell (FRC) network, resulting in apoptosis and depletion of T cells, which, in turn, removed a major source of lymphotoxin-β, a survival factor for FRCs during SIV infection in rhesus macaques. The resulting loss of FRCs and the loss of IL-7 produced by FRCs may thus perpetuate a vicious cycle of depletion of T cells and the FRC network. Because this process is cumulative, early treatment and antifibrotic therapies may offer approaches to moderate T cell depletion and improve immune reconstitution during HIV-1 infection.
A Review of Peripheral Vascular Deformations due to Respiration and Musculoskeletal Influences (2008)

Abstract The vascular system is extremely dynamic with motions generated from cardiac pulsatility, respiration, and musculoskeletal influences. This paper reviews in vivo non-pulsatile, non-radial deformations in the abdominal aorta, and iliac, superficial femoral, renal, and carotid arteries. Medical imaging modalities and geometric modeling and quantification techniques are also briefly outlined. The axial strain, twisting, and bending deformations of these arteries are essential for establishing the boundary conditions by which to evaluate, regulate, and design vascular implants.
Integration of CNS survival and differentiation by HIF2α (2011)

Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) 1α and HIF2α and the inhibitor of apoptosis survivin represent prominent markers of many human cancers. They are also widely expressed in various embryonic tissues, including the central nervous system; however, little is known about their functions in embryos. Here, we show that zebrafish HIF2α protects neural progenitor cells and neural differentiation processes by upregulating the survivin orthologues birc5a and birc5b during embryogenesis. Morpholino-mediated knockdown of hif2α reduced the transcription of birc5a and birc5b, induced p53-independent apoptosis and abrogated neural cell differentiation. Depletion of birc5a and birc5b recaptured the neural development defects that were observed in the hif2α morphants. The phenotypes induced by HIF2α depletion were largely rescued by ectopic birc5a and birc5b mRNAs, indicating that Birc5a and Birc5b act downstream of HIF2α. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed that HIF2α binds to birc5a and birc5b promoters directly to modulate their transcriptions. Knockdown of hif2α, birc5a or birc5b reduced the expression of the cdk inhibitors p27/cdkn1b and p57/cdkn1c and increased ccnd1/cyclin D1 transcription in the surviving neural progenitor cells. The reduction in elavl3/HuC expression and enhanced pcna, nestin, ascl1b and sox3 expression indicate that the surviving neural progenitor cells in hif2α morphants maintain a high proliferation rate without terminally differentiating. We propose that a subset of developmental defects attributed to HIF2α depletion is due in part to the loss of survivin activity.
Results from Point Contact Tunnelling Spectroscopy and Atomic Layer Deposition (2009)

We have shown previously that magnetic niobium oxides can influence the superconducting density of states at the surface of cavity-grade niobium coupons. We will present recent results obtained by Point Contact Tunneling spectroscopy (PCT) on coupons removed from hot and cold spots in a niobium cavity, as well as a comparative study of magnetic oxides on mild baked/unbaked electropolished coupons. We will also describe recent results obtained from coated cavities, ALD films properties and new materials using Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD).
36-GHz, 16$\times$6-Bit ROM in InP DHBT Technology Suitable for DDS Application (2007)

A 16times6-bit read-only memory (ROM), employing an architecture suitable for use as a phase to amplitude converter for direct digital synthesizers (DDS), has been implemented in InP double heterojunction bipolar transistor (DHBT) technology. The ROM uses a -3.8 V power supply and dissipates 1.13 W of power. The ROM is implemented in a test circuit that includes an 8-bit accumulator and a 6-bit digital-to-analog converter (DAC) to facilitate demonstration of high-speed operation. The maximum operating clock frequency is measured to be 36 GHz
The effect of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate on tenofovir alafenamide in rhesus macaques (2020)

Prevention of HIV infection and unintended pregnancies are public health priorities. In sub-Saharan Africa, where HIV prevalence is highest, depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) is widely used as contraception. Therefore, understanding potential interactions between DMPA and antiretrovirals is critical. Here, we use a macaque model to investigate the effect of DMPA on the pharmacology of the antiretroviral tenofovir alafenamide (TAF). Female rhesus macaques received 30 mg of DMPA (n = 9) or were untreated (n = 9). Macaques received a human equivalent dose of TAF (1.5 mg/kg) orally by gavage. Tenofovir (TFV) and TFV-diphosphate (TFV-DP) were measured in blood, secretions, and tissues over 72 h. The median area under the curve (AUC<sub>0-72h</sub>) values for TFV-DP in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were similar in DMPA-treated (6991 fmol*h/10<sup>6</sup> cells) and untreated controls (5256 fmol*h/10<sup>6</sup> cells) (P = 0.174). Rectal tissue TFV-DP concentrations from DMPA+ animals [median: 20.23 fmol/mg of tissue (range: 4.94-107.95)] were higher than the DMPA- group [median: below the limit of quantification (BLOQ-11.92)], (P = 0.019). TFV-DP was not detectable in vaginal tissue from either group. A high-dose DMPA treatment in macaques was associated with increased rectal TFV-DP levels, indicating a potential tissue-specific drug-drug interaction. The lack of detectable TFV-DP in the vaginal tissue warrants further investigation of PrEP efficacy with single-agent TAF products. DMPA did not affect systemic TAF metabolism, with similar PBMC TFV-DP in both groups, suggesting that DMPA use should not alter the antiviral activity of TAF.
Thymus variants on imaging in patients with rheumatoid arthritis—clinical and immunological significance (2021)

Radiographic thymus variants were frequently observed in RA patients and may reflect an abnormal immune response involved in the pathogenesis of RA.
Ligand‐Enabled β‐C(sp3)−H Lactamization of Tosyl‐Protected Aliphatic Amides Using a Practical Oxidant (2022)

Abstract The development of C(sp 3 )−H functionalization reactions that use common protecting groups and practical oxidants remains a significant challenge. Herein we report a monoprotected aminoethyl thioether (MPAThio) ligand‐enabled β‐C(sp 3 )−H lactamization of tosyl‐protected aliphatic amides using tert ‐butyl hydrogen peroxide (TBHP) as the sole oxidant. This protocol features exceedingly mild reaction conditions, reliable scalability, and the use of practical oxidants and protecting groups. Further derivatization of the β‐lactam products enables the synthesis of a range of biologically important motifs including β‐amino acids, γ‐amino alcohols, and azetidines.
Generation of Perfluoropolyphenylene Oligomers via Carbon−Fluorine Bond Activation by Cp2Zr(C6F5)2:  A Dual Mechanism Involving a Radical Chain and Release of Tetrafluorobenzyne (1999)

The thermal decomposition of Cp2Zr(C6F5)2 in THF results in the slow formation of Cp2Zr(C6F5)F and tetrafluorobenzyne. The tetrafluorobenzyne is trapped by THF to give several products. The same reaction performed in the presence of durene or furan also results in the formation of Cp2Zr(C6F5)F and the respective Diels−Alder adducts of tetrafluorobenzyne. If Cp2Zr(C6F5)2 is heated in the presence of C6F6, linear chains of perfluoroarenes are rapidly generated along with Cp2Zr(C6F5)F. The disappearance of Cp2Zr(C6F5)2 is observed to slow dramatically after 30−80% completion, with the extent of reaction being inversely dependent on the concentration of C6F6. Dual mechanisms involving a rapid radical chain- and a slower tetrafluorobenzyne-producing reaction are proposed to account for these observations.
Combustion and NOx Emission Characteristics of Shenmu Char in a Circulating Fluidized Bed with Post-combustion (2016)

Combustion and NOx emission characteristics of Shenmu char have been investigated in a circulating fluidized bed test platform composed of a circulating fluidized bed and a post-combustion chamber. The effect of the combustion temperature in the circulating fluidized bed furnace and arrangement of post-combustion air were examined on the post-combustion of Shenmu char. NOx emission is below 100 mg/m3 in all post-combustion experiments. The effect of the temperature in the circulating fluidized bed furnace or post-combustion chamber on NOx emission is not obvious. When the post-combustion air injection position moves upstream, NOx emission decreases. In a reducing atmosphere, most fuel nitrogen is converted to N2. NOx is mainly formed from the reaction of residual N in the char contained in fly ash and O2 from post-combustion air in the post-combustion chamber. Nitrogen in char is gradually released and converted during combustion and not instantaneously.
Robust Guidance Strategy for Target Circulation by Controlled UAV (2018)

A controlled fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle is modeled as a simplified low-dimensional nonlinear dynamical system with additive disturbances. The guidance strategy presented, considering simultaneously inputs and states constraints, is shown to be robust to additive perturbations representing norm-bounded uncertainties associated with modeling errors resulting from the lower order model approximation, together with unknown but limited atmospheric disturbances. Mathematical proofs are provided ensuring robustness in achieving target circulation with a minimum prescribed accuracy.
A124 Study on fluid latent heat thermal storage material using solid-liquid two phase mixture (2010)

When cooling a multi-component mixture, if cooling takes place past the solid-liquid co-existent region and below the solidus line temperature, the whole phase is transformed into a solid phase. This solid-liquid phase can be used as a fluid high-performance secondary refrigerant if it is possible to form a two-phase flow involving the two phases. A fluid regenerative material consisting of solid-liquid phases has a larger heat capacity than a secondary refrigerant of fluid alone. To evaluate the performance as the latent heat storage material of the mixtures, we measured the apparent density and the apparent specific heat.
One-shot ultraspectral imaging with reconfigurable metasurfaces (2020)

One-shot spectral imaging that can obtain spectral information from thousands of different points in space at one time has always been difficult to achieve. Its realization makes it possible to get spatial real-time dynamic spectral information, which is extremely important for both fundamental scientific research and various practical applications. In this study, a one-shot ultraspectral imaging device fitting thousands of micro-spectrometers (6336 pixels) on a chip no larger than 0.5 cm$^2$, is proposed and demonstrated. Exotic light modulation is achieved by using a unique reconfigurable metasurface supercell with 158400 metasurface units, which enables 6336 micro-spectrometers with dynamic image-adaptive performances to simultaneously guarantee the density of spectral pixels and the quality of spectral reconstruction. Additionally, by constructing a new algorithm based on compressive sensing, the snapshot device can reconstruct ultraspectral imaging information ($\Delta\lambda$/$\lambda$~0.001) covering a broad (300-nm-wide) visible spectrum with an ultra-high center-wavelength accuracy of 0.04-nm standard deviation and spectral resolution of 0.8 nm. This scheme of reconfigurable metasurfaces makes the device can be directly extended to almost any commercial camera with different spectral bands to seamlessly switch the information between image and spectral image, and will open up a new space for the application of spectral analysis combining with image recognition and intellisense.
ChemInform Abstract: Benzimidazole Condensed Ring Systems. Part 11. Synthesis of Some Substituted Cycloalkyl Pyrido[1,2‐a]benzimidazoles with Anticipated Antineoplastic Activity. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Positive Feedback between Acetylcholine and the Neurotrophins Nerve Growth Factor and Brain‐derived Neurotrophic Factor in the Rat Hippocampus (1994)

In the rat hippocampus, nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are synthesized by neurons in an activity-dependent manner. Glutamate receptor activation increases whereas GABAergic stimulation decreases NGF and BDNF mRNA levels. Here we demonstrate that NGF and BDNF mRNA and NGF protein are up-regulated in the rat hippocampus by the activation of muscarinic receptors. Conversely, NGF and BDNF enhance the release of acetylcholine (ACh) from rat hippocampal synaptosomes containing the nerve endings of the septal cholinergic neurons. NGF also rapidly increases the high-affinity choline transport into synaptosomes. The reciprocal regulation of ACh, NGF and BDNF in the hippocampus suggests a novel molecular framework by which the neurotrophins might influence synaptic plasticity.
TSInsight: A local-global attribution framework for interpretability in time-series data (2020)

With the rise in the employment of deep learning methods in safety-critical scenarios, interpretability is more essential than ever before. Although many different directions regarding interpretability have been explored for visual modalities, time-series data has been neglected with only a handful of methods tested due to their poor intelligibility. We approach the problem of interpretability in a novel way by proposing TSInsight where we attach an auto-encoder to the classifier with a sparsity-inducing norm on its output and fine-tune it based on the gradients from the classifier and a reconstruction penalty. TSInsight learns to preserve features that are important for prediction by the classifier and suppresses those that are irrelevant i.e. serves as a feature attribution method to boost interpretability. In contrast to most other attribution frameworks, TSInsight is capable of generating both instance-based and model-based explanations. We evaluated TSInsight along with 9 other commonly used attribution methods on 8 different time-series datasets to validate its efficacy. Evaluation results show that TSInsight naturally achieves output space contraction, therefore, is an effective tool for the interpretability of deep time-series models.
Insights Regarding Optometric Findings of CHARGE Syndrome in a Pediatric Low Vision Clinic (2023)

This retrospective review of a relatively large sample size for this rare condition outlined the most common ocular manifestations of CHARGE syndrome. Decreased visual acuity, myopic refractive error, strabismus, and reduced contrast sensitivity were common. Thus, careful optometric evaluation in this population is required, as these findings must be considered in appropriate clinical and habilitative management.
DIAGNOSTIC IMPROVEMENTS (2016)

The traditional healthcare system faces new challenges in providing early stage diagnosis and personalized treatment for a large population of patients with chronic diseases. There are two key components in the pervasive health monitoring system: the BSN and the MBU. This chapter introduces following portable devices: breath analyzers: NO devices and metabolic analyzer, blood analyzers: glucose meter and blood ketone monitor and others: blood pressure meter, blood oxygen meter, heart rate monitor, and breath rate monitor. Wearable sensors are ideal candidates for the sensor node components because of their miniaturized size, fast response, continuous monitoring capability, wireless data transmission, and nonobstructive user experience. The data communication between the sensor node and the MBU gateway is typically within the house range. Transmission technologies like Bluetooth, Zigbee, and RFID are often used. MBU can be implemented on PDAs or mobile phones by running software applications.
OPHTHALMOPLEGIA AND PTOSIS: MITOCHONDRIAL TOXICITY IN PATIENTS RECEIVING HIV THERAPY (2009)

Mitochondrial toxicity (MT) can occur as a consequence of HIV infection and from treatment with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).1 Toxicity is additive and manifested by signs including lipodystrophy and lactic acidosis. HIV and HAART are also reported in association with skeletal myopathy and mitochondrial abnormalities on muscle biopsy.2 This is in contrast to mitochondrial disorders associated with nuclear or mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations, in which patients may present with syndromic constellations of dysfunction in metabolically active tissues such as the brain and skeletal muscles. Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO) is a mitochondrial syndrome with gradual onset of ptosis and ophthalmoparesis.3 Thus far, phenotypes resembling genetic mitochondrial disorders have not been reported in association with acquired mitochondrial toxicity from disease or drugs. We report 3 cases of HIV-infected patients with long exposure to HAART who developed clinical syndromes resembling CPEO.

### Case series.

See the table for details. The patients were men, between the ages of 52 …
Comparative Studies on the Inhibition of Trypsin, Plasmin, and Thrombin by Derivatives of Benzylamine and Benzamidine (1968)

Derivatives of benzylamine and benzamidine were found to be competitive inhibitors of the proteolytic enzymes trypsin, plasmin, and thrombin. The inhibitor activity of these compounds was determined by the inhibition of the hydrolysis of N ‐α‐benzoyl‐ dl ‐arginine‐4‐nitroanilide, catalyzed by the three enzymes. Inhibitor constants ( K i ) were ascertained. Relations be‐between the chemical structure and the activity against trypsin, plasmin, and thrombin were deduced by comparing the inhibitor constants. Generally the inhibition of these enzymes by the investigated compounds runs parallel but there exist also some differences especially among the benzylamine derivatives. 4‐Chlorobenzylamine, a strong thrombin inhibitor, is only of low effectiveness against trypsin and plasmin. Derivatives of benzamidine are stronger inhibitors than derivatives of benzylamine. The following compounds proved to be the most potent inhibitors: 4‐amidinophenylpyruvic acid, 4‐aminobenzamidine, and 4‐amidinobenzoic acid benzyl ester. These compounds exhibited also an anticoagulant and antifibrinolytic effect.
A work-loop calorimeter for measuring the force-length-heat relationship of working excised cardiac muscle fibers (2011)

Isolated cardiac trabeculae are convenient specimens with which to study the properties of cardiac muscle under a variety of controlled conditions in vitro. We have developed an instrument for measuring the mechanical and energetic properties of continuously-superfused cardiac trabeculae. Our instrument is capable of dynamically transitioning between fixed-length, isometric and isotonic modes of control during the time-course of a muscle twitch, allowing us to impart force-length work-loops that mimic the behaviour of cardiac muscle in vivo. Simultaneously, sensitive temperature transducers quantify muscle heat production. The combination of these interventions and measurements yields unique insight into the energetic efficiency of living cardiac muscle.