gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Alternative to API 14E Erosional Velocity Limits for Sand-Laden Fluids (2000)

The current practice for eliminating erosional problems in piping systems is to limit the flow velocity Ve to that established by the recommended practice API RP 14E based on an empirical constant (C-factor) and the fluid mixture density ρm as follows: Ve=C/ρm. The API criterion is specified for clean service (noncorrosive and sand-free), and it is noted that the C-factor should be reduced if sand or corrosive conditions are present. The validity of the equation has been challenged on the basis that the API RP 14E limits on the C-factor can be very conservative for clean service and is not applicable for conditions when corrosion or sand are present. Extensive effort has been devoted to develop an alternative approach for establishing erosional velocity limits for sand-laden fluids. Unfortunately, none of these proposals have been adopted as a standard practice because of their complexity. This paper will review the results of these studies and proposes an alternative equation that is as simple as the API 14E equation. This alternative equation has the following form: Ve=SDρm/W. The value of the S-factor depends on the pipe geometry, i.e., bend, tee, contraction, expansion, etc. Using the units for mixture flow velocity Ve in m/s, fluid mixture density ρm in kg/m3, pipe diameter (D) in mm and sand production W in kg/day, the value of the S-factor is 0.05 for pipe bends. The accuracy of the proposed equation for predicting erosion in pipe bends for fluids containing sand is demonstrated by a comparison with several multi-phase flow loop tests that cover a broad range of liquid-gas ratios and sand concentrations. [S0195-0738(00)00202-8]
Studies on the ionophorous antibiotics. XII. The crystal and molecular structure of the thallium salt of antibiotic-6016. (1979)

Antibiotic-6016 is a new polyether ionophore produced by Streptomyces sp. The crystal and molecular structure of its thallium salt has been established by a three dimentional X-ray analysis using the heavy-atom method from diffractometer data. Crystals are orthorhombic, space group P212121, a=18.767, b=22.671, c=12.402 Å, Dm=1.37 (flotation in aqueous KI), Dc=1.38g cm-3, Z=4. The structure was refined by block-diagonal least-squares method to R=0.056 for 3771 independent observed reflections. The antibiotic molecule contains seven ring system: three five-membered rings take an envelope conformation, while the remaining four six-membered rings adopt a chair conformation. The molecule wraps around the thallium ion. Antibiotic-6016 is the first recognized glycosidated polyether containing the hydroxyl substituent at C2 and the sugar group at the five-membered ring D.
Evaluation of a proposal for reliable low-cost grid power with 100% wind, water, and solar (2017)

A number of analyses, meta-analyses, and assessments, including those performed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, and the International Energy Agency, have concluded that deployment of a diverse portfolio of clean energy technologies makes a transition to a low-carbon-emission energy system both more feasible and less costly than other pathways. In contrast, Jacobson et al. [Jacobson MZ, Delucchi MA, Cameron MA, Frew BA (2015) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 112(49):15060-15065] argue that it is feasible to provide "low-cost solutions to the grid reliability problem with 100% penetration of WWS [wind, water and solar power] across all energy sectors in the continental United States between 2050 and 2055", with only electricity and hydrogen as energy carriers. In this paper, we evaluate that study and find significant shortcomings in the analysis. In particular, we point out that this work used invalid modeling tools, contained modeling errors, and made implausible and inadequately supported assumptions. Policy makers should treat with caution any visions of a rapid, reliable, and low-cost transition to entire energy systems that relies almost exclusively on wind, solar, and hydroelectric power.
Fuzzy logic supervisory control for steam turbine prewarming automation (1994)

The process of warming a large steam turbine after an extended period of maintenance or inactivity is called "prewarming". Currently, many large steam turbines are prewarmed manually in an otherwise completely automated startup procedure. An approach is outlined for automating the prewarming of large steam turbines using fuzzy logic. In this approach, heuristics employed by a human operator during prewarming are captured in a fuzzy rule base and used by a supervisory controller.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 4‐[(3‐Methyl‐3H‐imidazol‐4‐yl)‐(2‐phenylethynyl‐benzyloxy)methyl] ‐benzonitrile as Novel Farnesyltransferase Inhibitor. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Utilizing UAV and 3D Computer Vision for Visual Inspection of a Large Gravity Dam (2018)

Dams are a critical infrastructure system for many communities, but they are also one of the most challenging to inspect. Dams are typically very large and complex structures, and the result is that inspections are often time-intensive and require expensive, specialized equipment and training to provide inspectors with comprehensive access to the structure. The scale and nature of dam inspections also introduces additional safety risks to the inspectors. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) have the potential to address many of these challenges, particularly when used as a data acquisition platform for photogrammetric three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction and analysis, though the nature of both UAV and modern photogrammetric methods necessitates careful planning and coordination for integration. This paper presents a case study on one such integration at the Brighton Dam, a large-scale concrete gravity dam in Maryland, USA. A combination of multiple UAV platforms and multi-scale photogrammetry was used to create two comprehensive and high-resolution 3D point clouds of the dam and surrounding environment at intervals. These models were then assessed for their overall quality, as well as their ability to resolve flaws and defects that were artificially applied to the structure between inspection intervals. The results indicate that the integrated process is capable of generating models that accurately render a variety of defect types with sub-millimeter accuracy. Recommendations for mission planning and imaging specifications are provided as well.
Review: TRP family proteins in the lower urinary tract: translating basic science into new clinical prospective (2009)

The lower urinary tract (LUT) is densely innervated by capsaicin-sensitive primary afferent neurons, a sub set of sensory nerves, in a number of species including humans. These fibers exhibit both a sensory (afferent) function, including the regulation of the micturition reflex and the perception of pain, and an 'efferent' function, involved in the detrusor smooth muscle contractility and plasma protein extravasation. The discovery of specific binding sites for capsaicin, the pungent ingredient of red chilli, initiated a rush that ended up with the cloning of the 'vanilloid receptor', which belongs to the TRP (transient receptor potential) family. Here we reviewed the knowledge about the presumable functions of TRP family proteins in the LUT as regulators of bladder reflex activity, pain perception and cell differentiation. This review will focus on experimental evidence and promising clinical applications of targeting these proteins for the treatment of detrusor overactivity and bladder pain syndrome. As TRP receptor ligands may promote cellular death, and inhibit the growth of normal and neoplastic cells, the translation of basic science evidence into new clinical prospective for bladder and prostate cancer will be shown.
Elucidating the Mechanism of Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (2012)

This is the first reported case describing the development of PRES after the insertion of a peripherally inserted central catheter line. The development of PRES in a typical high-risk patient immediately after cerebral venous outflow obstruction implicates the role of the cerebral venous system and provides potential insight into the mechanism of this disorder that remains of unclear pathogenesis.
Unpacking the Broad Landscape of Intraoperative Stressors for Clinical Personnel: A Mixed-Methods Systematic Review (2023)

By presenting stressors as multifaceted elements affecting collaboration and interaction between multidisciplinary team members in the operating room, we discuss the potential interactions between stressors which should be further investigated to build a safe and efficient environment for operating room personnel.
Von Metallkomplexen zu Nanomineralien: die Bildung anorganischer Nanopartikel auf Fibrillen von Transferrin (2008)

Beim Eintrocknen des Fe-Transportproteins Transferrin (hTf) wandert das ursprünglich individuell koordinierte Fe in kristalline Abscheidungen von FeO(OH), die periodisch an Fibrillen des Proteins angeordnet sind. Dies gelingt auch mit Mn- und Bi-Mineralien (Bild: Mineralisation an hTf-Fibrillen; holo/apo-hTf: hTf mit/ohne Fe). Eine solche Mineralisation von Fibrillen könnte bei neurodegenerativen Krankheiten wie Alzheimer eine Rolle spielen.
Application of polymerase chain reaction for detection ofVibrio parahaemolyticusassociated with tropical seafoods and coastal environment (2003)

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is an important human pathogen responsible for food-borne gastroenteritis world-wide. As, both pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains of V. parahaemolyticus exist in the seafood, application of PCR specific for the virulence genes (tdh & trh) will help in detection of pathogenic strains of V. parahaemolyticus and consequently reduce the risk of food-borne illness.
Hepatic, Metabolic and Nutritional Disorders of Alcoholism (2001)

Excessive use of alcoholic beverages remains the most important cause of cirrhosis in most Western countries. Nearly all alcohol abusers will develop fatty liver. A highly significant positive correlation has also been demonstrated between both the magnitude and duration of alcohol consumption and the development of alcoholic cirrhosis. However, among alcohol abusers, only about 20–40% develop a progressive type of alcoholic liver disease, such as alcoholic hepatitis and fibrosis, which may eventually lead to cirrhosis (1,2). This can partly be explained by differences in lifetime alcohol consumption, but in addition interindividual differences in the susceptibility to the direct and indirect injurious effects of alcohol are assumed to be important determinants for the development of progressive alcoholic liver disease.
Superconducting Circuits for Quantum Computing (2000)

Superconducting circuits provide one of the numerous current candidate routes for the realization of quantum computing (QC) technology. In this paper I review the basic physics behind this candidature and outline some superconducting QC proposals currently on the table, demonstrating their common origins. More detailed discussion of the proposals follows, assessing how they measure up to the “DiVincenzo checklist” for QC realizations and the current status of experiments.
A Device Centric Communication System for 5G Networks (2014)

Fifth Generation (5G) networks hold the promise of features and performance levels that is going to put the conventional cellular communication paradigm through rigorous challenges. This paper presents a novel architecture for a 5G network which will be capable of mobile device centric communication regardless of the presence of a Base Station (BS). The major contribution of this paper, lies in the proposed system and protocol design of a Device-to-Device (D2D) communication system for 5G mobile system. The proposed design has two sub-categories – (a) fully device centric and (b) partially device centric. Additionally, the devices have been designed to communicate independently or with partial dependency on support from the BS. The system has been simulated under various parameters. The simulation results showcased in this paper highlights the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed design.
Generating Pareto optimal dose distributions for radiation therapy treatment planning (2019)

Radiotherapy treatment planning currently requires many trail-and-error iterations between the planner and treatment planning system, as well as between the planner and physician for discussion/consultation. The physician's preferences for a particular patient cannot be easily quantified and precisely conveyed to the planner. In this study we present a real-time volumetric Pareto surface dose generation deep learning neural network that can be used after segmentation by the physician, adding a tangible and quantifiable end-point to portray to the planner. From 70 prostate patients, we first generated 84,000 intensity modulated radiation therapy plans (1,200 plans per patient) sampling the Pareto surface, representing various tradeoffs between the planning target volume (PTV) and the organs-at-risk (OAR), including bladder, rectum, left femur, right femur, and body. We divided the data to 10 test patients and 60 training/validation patients. We then trained a hierarchically densely connected convolutional U-net (HD U-net), to take the PTV and avoidance map representing OARs masks and weights, and predict the optimized plan. The HD U-net is capable of accurately predicting the 3D Pareto optimal dose distributions, with average [mean, max] dose errors of [3.4%, 7.7%](PTV), [1.6%, 5.6%](bladder), [3.7%, 4.2%](rectum), [3.2%, 8.0%](left femur), [2.9%, 7.7%](right femur), and [0.04%, 5.4%](body) of the prescription dose. The PTV dose coverage prediction was also very similar, with errors of 1.3% (D98) and 2.0% (D99). Homogeneity was also similar, differing by 0.06 on average. The neural network can predict the dose within 1.7 seconds. Clinically, the optimization and dose calculation is much slower, taking 5-10 minutes.
Biology and clinical effects of natural killer cells in allogeneic transplantation (2010)

NK cells are a heterogeneous population of lymphocytes with diverse patterns of target-cell recognition and effector function. Further clinical and functional correlations will help maximize their potential for clinical benefit.
Cross Reactivity of Human β2-Microglobulin with Human Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Activity (1976)

Abstract Effects of antisera to human β2-microglobulin (β2m) on factors able to stimulate colony formation in culture by human granulopoietic progenitor cells were investigated. The colony-stimulating activity (CSA) present in media conditioned by cultures of human peripheral leukocytes was suppressed by treatment with anti-β2m. This inhibition was not due to a direct effect on the granulopoietic progenitor cells; controls to test for cytotoxicity and for noncytotoxic inhibition of the progenitor cells by anti-β2m yielded negative results. These experiments provide evidence for a relationship between human CSA and β-microglobulin, and suggest a possible analogy between molceules involved in the in vitro regulation of granulopoiesis and products of the major histocompatibility gene complex.
An Air-well sparging minifermenter system for high-throughput protein production (2014)

Over the last few years High-Throughput Protein Production (HTPP) has played a crucial role for functional proteomics. High-quality, high yield and fast recombinant protein production are critical for new HTPP technologies. Escherichia coli is usually the expression system of choice in protein production thanks to its fast growth, ease of handling and high yields of protein produced. Even though shake-flask cultures are widely used, there is an increasing need for easy to handle, lab scale, high throughput systems. In this article we described a novel minifermenter system suitable for HTPP. The Air-Well minifermenter system is made by a homogeneous air sparging device that includes an air diffusion system, and a stainless steel 96 needle plate integrated with a 96 deep well plate where cultures take place. This system provides aeration to achieve higher optical density growth compared to classical shaking growth without the decrease in pH value and bacterial viability. Moreover the yield of recombinant protein is up to 3-fold higher with a considerable improvement in the amount of full length proteins. High throughput production of hundreds of proteins in parallel can be obtained sparging air in a continuous and controlled manner. The system used is modular and can be easily modified and scaled up to meet the demands for HTPP.
A 32$\,\times\,$32 Pixel Convolution Processor Chip for Address Event Vision Sensors With 155 ns Event Latency and 20 Meps Throughput (2010)

This paper describes a convolution chip for event-driven vision sensing and processing systems. As opposed to conventional frame-constraint vision systems, in event-driven vision there is no need for frames. In frame-free event-based vision, information is represented by a continuous flow of self-timed asynchronous events. Such events can be processed on the fly by event-based convolution chips, providing at their output a continuous event flow representing the 2-D filtered version of the input flow. In this paper we present a 32 × 32 pixel 2-D convolution event processor whose kernel can have arbitrary shape and size up to 32 × 32. Arrays of such chips can be assembled to process larger pixel arrays. Event latency between input and output event flows can be as low as 155 ns. Input event throughput can reach 20 Meps (mega events per second), and output peak event rate can reach 45 Meps. The chip can be configured to discriminate between two simulated propeller-like shapes rotating simultaneously in the field of view at a speed as high as 9400 rps (revolutions per second). Achieving this with a frame-constraint system would require a sensing and processing capability of about 100 K frames per second. The prototype chip has been built in 0.35 CMOS technology, occupies 4.3 × 5.4 and consumes a peak power of 200 mW at maximum kernel size at maximum input event rate.
Aminotransferase as a prognostic index in infants with liver disease (1990)

To assess the utility of the serum aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase (AST/ALT) ratio in a group of infants with liver disorders, we retrospectively analyzed the charts of 73 infants with chronic liver disorders. Patients were considered as having either a good outcome (n = 40) or a poor outcome (n = 33), based upon the clinical course. AST and ALT in serum were measured simultaneously at the time of initial presentation and at various follow-up visits during the first 13 months after birth. At presentation (mean age 1.65 months), there was no difference in the AST/ALT ratios between the good (1.61 +/- 0.62; mean +/- SD) and poor (1.65 +/- 0.78) outcome groups (P = 0.81). However, over time, the AST/ALT ratio increased in patients in the poor-outcome group and decreased in patients in the good-outcome group. Calculating the AST/ALT ratio appears to be an easy, early, and reliable prognostic indicator for infants with hepatic disease, and may be a useful measure for evaluating liver-disease patients.
Research monograph : emergence of smart urban ecosystems : application of ICT for capacity building in environmental decision making (2002)

Since the industrial revolution, our world has experienced rapid and unplanned industrialization and urbanization. As a result, we have had to cope with serious environmental challenges. In this context, explanation of how smart urban ecosystems can emerge, gains a crucial importance. Capacity building and community involvement have always been the key issues in achieving sustainable development and enhancing urban ecosystems. By considering these, this paper looks at new approaches to increase public awareness of environmental decision making. This paper will discuss the role of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), particularly Web-based Geographic Information Systems (Web-based GIS) as spatial decision support systems to aid public participatory environmental decision making. The paper also explores the potential and constraints of these web-based tools for collaborative decision making.
Finding batch extractive distillation product sequence from thermodynamic insights (2008)

Feasibility analysis of the extractive distillation processes mainly considers the general features of the residue curve map. However, the influence of unidistribution and univolatility lines has not been considered to its full extend. In this paper, we demonstrate the essential role of both thermodynamics properties along with the residue curve map for determining the product sequence and the column configuration without any calculation. The analysis is performed through the separation of binary mixtures having a low relative volatility by using heavy and light entrainer. Thermodynamic insight predictions are corroborated by the computing of the map of extractive composition profiles for several operating conditions and using a simplified mass balance. This behaviour is further corroborated by rigorous simulation using ProSim Batch. These results demonstrated the obligatory incorporation of the univolatility lines in the synthesis of the extractive distillation even for the simplest cases.
Prospectus of ignition enhancement in a two-stroke SI engine (1995)

Conventional two-stroke spark-ignition (SI) engines have difficulty meeting the ignition requirements of lean fuel-air mixtures and high compression ratios, due to their breaker operated, magneto-coil ignition systems. In the present work, a breakerless, high-energy electronic ignition system was developed and tested with and without a platinum-tipped electrode spark plug. The high-energy ignition system showed an improved lean-burn capability at high compression ratios relative to the conventional ignition system. At a high compression ratio of 9:1 with lean fuel-air mixtures, the maximum percentage improvement in the brake thermal efficiency was about 16.5% at 2.7 kW and 3000 rpm. Cylinder peak pressures-were higher ignition delay was lower, and combustion duration was shorter at both normal and high compression ratios. Combustion stability as measured by the coefficient of variation in peak cylinder pressure was also considerably improved with the high-energy ignition system.
One-Carbon Chain Extension of Esters to α-Chloroketones:  A Safer Route without Diazomethane (2004)

The reaction of a variety of methyl esters with dimethylsulfoxonium methylide at 0-25 degrees C affords the chain-extended beta-keto dimethylsulfoxonium ylides. Subsequent treatment with hydrogen chloride in THF proceeds with loss of DMSO to afford the corresponding alpha-chloroketones. This sequence has been utilized to convert the methyl esters of CBZ-protected alanine and valine to the anti N-protected alpha-amino epoxides, which are important pharmaceutical intermediates. When the same protocol is applied to BOC-protected phenylalanine methyl ester, epimerization occurs so that the use of a more reactive aryl ester is required. This chemistry provides a practical route to alpha-chloroketones that avoids the use of toxic and explosive diazomethane.
Upregulation of stress-response genes with cell cycle arrest induced by carbon ion irradiation in multiple murine tumors models (2008)

This study revealed significant C-ion induced upregulation of stress-responsive and cell-communication genes common to different tumor types. These findings provide evidence for the efficacy of this modality for the treatment of local tumors.