gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Etching methods for improving surface imperfections of diamonds used for x-ray monochromators. (2005)

In the last decade, diamond single crystals have become valuable monochromators for high-heat-load X-ray synchrotron beamlines. However, due to imperfections in the diamond, the rocking curves of diamond crystals are wider (e.g, 30%) than the theoretical values. Proper etching of the diamond can reduce the effects of imperfections. We explore four etching techniques using synthetic diamonds of type Ib and IIa. The diamond surfaces were variously treated by bombarding with ions, treating with a chemical solution, or using an atom-by-atom chemical machining process. Local variations of tilt and lattice parameter can be experimentally separated, and an improvement of the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the rocking curve has been observed.
Optimal functional surface coating considering internal flow behavior of viscous-liquids driven by vertical ultrasonic waves (2021)

In ultrasonic vibration-assisted coatings, the verification of the surface roughness formation induced by the internal waves and the investigation of the maximum roughness position play a very important role and significantly contribute to the development of coating technology and to the comprehension of the induced internal flows. Therefore, this study aimed to verify the roughness formation process and to investigate the relationship between the liquid film thickness, the initial viscosity, and the applied frequency in order to fabricate the functional surface with the maximum hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity. A two-dimensional (2-D) numerical approach using a moving-mesh and non-Newtonian model with a multi-physics program (COMSOL) was applied to investigate the dynamic behavior, the velocity profile and the surface roughness of internal flow. Also, experiments were performed to investigate the existence and position of the maximum peak velocity using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images and measured surface-roughness data. It was concluded that the surface roughness generated by the initial viscosity was remained despite increased viscosity when the ultrasonic vibration was applied for a long time. The developed velocity profile had a velocity gradient overshoot and the maximal internal flow velocity developed at the thickness of about 1.2-fold of the viscosity boundary layer edge. The applied frequency, thickness of the film and initial viscosity dominantly affect the position of maximum peak velocity related to the viscous boundary layer and the performance of the liquid film coating.
THE EFFECT ON HUMAN HEAD MODEL PREDICTIONS OF REPRESENTING THE SKULL AS A RIGID BODY (2004)

Two variants of a human head model, one with a deformable skull and one with a rigid skull, were used to simulate twelve head loading conditions in order to assess the effect on model predictions of assuming the skull to be a rigid body. The maximum difference in peak predicted brain von Mises stress between the deformable and rigid skull head models was 0.43 kPa, 7 % of the predicted peak stresses. This implies that for the loading conditions investigated in this study representing the skull as a rigid body has a small influence on human head model predictions. (A)
Levels of Phenolics in California Varietal Wines (1997)

California wines are abundant sources of phenolic compounds, with some flavonoid classes having average concentrations of 250 mg/L in some wine varieties. Total phenol levels ranged from 1850-2200 mg/L for reds and 220-250 mg/L for white wines. The variability in the levels of individual components is striking, and thus it is essential to analyze wines for their content of individual phenolic components to ensure that the composition of a particular wine is known. This is of specific importance to ensure that nutritional and health-related studies are reproducible. Since phenolic compounds have both antioxidant activity and platelet inhibitory activity, they may be the wine components responsible for the decreased rate of cardiac heart disease mortality observed in wine drinkers, but further studies are needed to ascertain the validity of this hypothesis.
Hydrogen Storage in Organic Chemical Hydrides on the Basis of Superheated Liquid-Film Concept (2008)

Superheated Liquid-Film-Type Catalysis in Batchwise Operation 443 13.2.1 Catalytic Dehydrogenation of Decalin and Methylcyclohexane over Carbon-Supported Platinum-Based Nanoparticles under Superheated Liquid-Film Conditions 443 13.2.2 Catalytic Dehydrogenation of Tetralin over Carbon-Supported Platinum Nanoparticles under Superheated Liquid-Film Conditions 450 13.2.3 Catalytic Dehydrogenation of Organic Chemical Hydrides over Carbon-Supported Nickel-Based Nanoparticles under Superheated Liquid-Film Conditions 452
Work, Obesity, and Occupational Safety and Health (2007)

There is increasing evidence that obesity and overweight may be related, in part, to adverse work conditions. In particular, the risk of obesity may increase in high-demand, low-control work environments, and for those who work long hours. In addition, obesity may modify the risk for vibration-induced injury and certain occupational musculoskeletal disorders. We hypothesized that obesity may also be a co-risk factor for the development of occupational asthma and cardiovascular disease that and it may modify the worker's response to occupational stress, immune response to chemical exposures, and risk of disease from occupational neurotoxins. We developed 5 conceptual models of the interrelationship of work, obesity, and occupational safety and health and highlighted the ethical, legal, and social issues related to fuller consideration of obesity's role in occupational health and safety.
Visual Analytics for Complex Engineering Systems: Hybrid Visual Steering of Simulation Ensembles (2014)

In this paper we propose a novel approach to hybrid visual steering of simulation ensembles. A simulation ensemble is a collection of simulation runs of the same simulation model using different sets of control parameters. Complex engineering systems have very large parameter spaces so a naïve sampling can result in prohibitively large simulation ensembles. Interactive steering of simulation ensembles provides the means to select relevant points in a multi-dimensional parameter space (design of experiment). Interactive steering efficiently reduces the number of simulation runs needed by coupling simulation and visualization and allowing a user to request new simulations on the fly. As system complexity grows, a pure interactive solution is not always sufficient. The new approach of hybrid steering combines interactive visual steering with automatic optimization. Hybrid steering allows a domain expert to interactively (in a visualization) select data points in an iterative manner, approximate the values in a continuous region of the simulation space (by regression) and automatically find the "best" points in this continuous region based on the specified constraints and objectives (by optimization). We argue that with the full spectrum of optimization options, the steering process can be improved substantially. We describe an integrated system consisting of a simulation, a visualization, and an optimization component. We also describe typical tasks and propose an interactive analysis workflow for complex engineering systems. We demonstrate our approach on a case study from automotive industry, the optimization of a hydraulic circuit in a high pressure common rail Diesel injection system.
A Robust Statistical Framework for Instantaneous Electroencephalogram Phase and Frequency Analysis (2016)

In recent decades, instantaneous phase (IP) and instantaneous frequency (IF) of the electroencephalogram (EEG) has received great attention as a notable complement for conventional EEG spectral analysis. The calculation of these parameters commonly includes narrow-bandpass filtering followed by the calculation of the analytical form of the signal using the Hilbert transform. In this research, using this widely accepted phase calculation approach and well-established methods from statistical signal processing, a stochastic model is proposed for the superposition of narrow-band foreground and background EEG activities. Using this model, the probability density functions of the instantaneous envelope (IE) and IP of EEG signals are derived analytically. It is rigorously shown that the IP estimation quality highly depends on the IE and any phase of frequency interpretations in low IE are unreliable for phase analysis. Based on these findings, a Monte Carlo estimation scheme is proposed for the accurate estimation and smoothing of phase related parameters. The impact of this approach on previous studies including time-domain phase synchrony, phase resetting, phase locking value and phase amplitude coupling are studied with examples.
Metabolic profiling reveals growth related FAME productivity and quality of Chlorella sorokiniana with different inoculum sizes (2012)

Inoculum size strongly affects cell growth and lipid accumulation of microalgae, one of the most potential biodiesel feedstock, however, the metabolic mechanism(s) of the lipid biosynthesis upon inoculum size has not been fully explored yet. The effects of inoculum size on cell growth, lipid accumulation, and metabolic changes of a green microalga Chlorella sorokiniana were investigated. In our experimental range of inoculum size, the productivity and the cetane number (CN) of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) increased with increasing initial cell density, and the inoculum of 1 × 10(7) cells mL(-1) processed much higher productivity (up to 2.02-fold) and CN (up to 1.19-fold) of the FAME than the others. A significant correlation between the metabolic profile and quantity and quality of lipid production was revealed by partial least-squares to latent structures (PLS) analysis, and 15 key metabolites were identified. Most of those metabolites were involved in the photosynthetically fixed carbon metabolism. Furthermore, light intensity as one of the vital limitation factors for the high inoculum size cultivation was evaluated by illumination assay and the results revealed that increasing light intensity could improve the polyunsaturated fatty acids composition and lipid accumulation of C. sorokiniana. The lipid productivity of the culture was improved by 71.21% with the light intensity of 110 µmol m(-2) s(-1), compared to that under the irradiance of 65 µmol m(-2) s(-1).
Safety and Immunogenicity of a High-Titered Canarypox Vaccine in Combination With rgp120 in a Diverse Population of HIV-1–Uninfected Adults: AIDS Vaccine Evaluation Group Protocol 022A (2002)

To test the safety and immunogenicity of a high-titered preparation of ALVAC-HIV vCP205 in both high-risk and low-risk persons and to evaluate variations in dosing schedule, we conducted a multicenter, randomized, double-blind trial of this vector in combination with recombinant subunit gp120 in 150 HIV-1-seronegative volunteers. The high-titered ALVAC vaccine was well tolerated; adverse events were minimal and not influenced by dosing. At day 728, the cumulative probability of a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response was 76% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 64%-89%) among volunteers receiving vaccine, and the net amount attributable to vaccination was 50% (CI: 16%; 74%). The net probability of a repeated positive CTL response by day 728 was 50% (CI: 21%; 64%). There was a significant difference in CTL response at day 182 between volunteers who had received four doses versus three doses of vCP205 (42% vs. 24%, p =.052). The CTL response was similar in high-risk volunteers and vaccinia-naive volunteers compared with vaccinia-immune volunteers. Neutralizing antibody responses were detected in 95% of vaccinees at day 287, with higher geometric mean titers in recipients of sequential versus simultaneous dosing of the two vaccines and in vaccinia-naive volunteers. This high-titered preparation of ALVAC-HIV vCP205 in combination with gp120 was safe and immunogenic in a diverse group of HIV-1-seronegative volunteers.
Differential gene‐expression profiling in the leukemia cell lines derived from indolent and aggressive phases of CD56+ T‐cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia (2004)

As a rule, T cell large granular lymphocyte (T-LGL) leukemia runs a chronic clinical course without need for therapy. Some cases, however, progress to an aggressive disease after the indolent clinical stage. The transformation mechanism into a high-grade malignancy has not been well studied. We have established 2 leukemia cell lines, MOTN-1 and PLT-2, derived from the same clone of CD56+ T-LGL leukemia in chronic and aggressive phases, respectively. The paired availability of such cell lines is valuable in biologic and genetic investigation of T-LGL leukemia. We used a microarray containing 406 cDNAs to elucidate alterations of gene expression between the 2 cell lines. We found a number of genes that were differentially expressed: 13 genes with increased expression and 3 genes with reduced expression in PLT-2 cells as compared to MOTN-1 cells. Increased expression of the dek, rac, Op18, CD6, CD58, CD106, Id2, ATF4, IRF5, ELL2 and D6 genes, and reduced expression of the GzmA and GzmK genes were confirmed by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, whose results paralleled the microarray data. These upregulated genes encode oncoproteins, cell surface antigens including molecules related to T cell proliferation, transcription factors, and a chemokine receptor. The two downregulated genes encode granzymes that play an important role for induction of cell death. These findings suggest that there is differential gene expression in different clinical phases of T-LGL leukemia and these differentially expressed genes would be potential targets for further studies to identify the genes involved in the transformation process of T-LGL leukemia.
Serological classification of Xanthomonas maltophilia (Pseudomonas maltophilia) based on heat-stable O antigens (1989)

Twenty-six serotypes of Xanthomonas maltophilia were defined by using 15 antisera described by Hugh and Ryschenkow (R. Hugh and E. Ryschenkow, J. Gen. Microbiol. 26:123-132, 1961) and 11 new antisera. The antisera were prepared by immunizing rabbits with bacterial strains heated at 100 degrees C for 2 h. Twelve antisera required adsorptions with cross-reacting heterologous immunizing strains. We tested 275 clinical and environmental strains of X. maltophilia with 26 antisera by the slide agglutination technique. A total of 259 (94.2%) strains were typeable, with 137 (49.8%) strains agglutinating in three antisera.
Synthesis of New L-Proline Amides with Anticonvulsive Effect (1996)

Series of heterocyclic L-proline amides were prepared from BOC-L-proline and heterocyclic amines (mostly substituted piperazines and morpholines) via active ester with hydroxysuccinimide. 4-(4-Fluorobenzoyl)piperidine afforded L-proline 4-(4-(4-(4-fluorobenzoyl)piperidin-1-yl)benzoyl)piperidine ( 7b ) simultaneously with expected L-proline 4-(4-fluorobenzoyl)piperidide ( 7a ). D-Proline N -(3-(4-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)propyl)amide ( 2 ) was prepared starting from D-proline. The amides were tested by methods of biochemical and behavioural pharmacology.
Density response of neutral atmospheric layers to gravity wave perturbations (1985)

Expressions for the density response of neutral atmospheric layers to propagating waves are derived. The expressions include nonlinear effects and are used to compute the response of the mesospheric sodium layer to low‐frequency internal gravity waves. The results are compared with lidar observations of the sodium layer and used to deduce gravity wave parameters. It is shown that because of the large sodium density gradients and the relatively high amplitudes of gravity waves at mesospheric heights the nonlinear components of the layer density response must be considered in interpreting sodium lidar data.
Identification and Optimization of New Dual Inhibitors of B-Raf and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Kinases for Overcoming Resistance against Vemurafenib (2014)

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) amplification has been demonstrated to be critical for the inherent and/or acquired resistance against current B-Raf(V600E) inhibitor therapy for melanoma and colorectal cancer patients. We describe the discovery and structure-activity relationship study of a series of 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-5-carboxamide analogues as novel dual inhibitors of EGFR and B-Raf(V600E) mutant. One of the most promising compounds, 6a, potently inhibited both of the kinases with IC50 values of 8.0 and 51 nM, respectively. The compound also strongly suppressed the proliferation of a panel of intrinsic and acquired resistant melanoma and/or colorectal cancer cells harboring overexpressed EGFR with submicromolar IC50 values. Further mechanism investigation revealed that 6a could sustainably inhibit the activation of the MAPK path way in the resistant SK-MEL-28 PR30 melanoma cancer cells and WiDr colorectal cancer cells with EGFR amplification. Our results support the hypothesis that the EGFR/B-Raf(V600E) dual inhibition might be a tractable strategy to overcome the intrinsic and acquired resistance of melanoma and/or colorectal cancers against the current B-Raf(V600E) inhibitor therapy.
Complete characterization of a broadband high-finesse cavity using an optical frequency comb (2006)

We demonstrate a new method to simultaneously measure spectrally resolved dispersion and losses (finesse) of a passive optical cavity over the entire bandwidth of an optical frequency comb. To this end, we record and analyze the spectral Moiré pattern between the perfectly equidistant frequency comb emitted from a Ti:Sapphire laser and the longitudinal modes of the passive cavity as a function of the laser's carrier-envelope-offset phase slippage (ø)CE. In the group-delay dispersion measurement of additionally introduced optical elements we verify a 2fs(2) accuracy in a 2THz resolution bandwidth and find good agreement of the measured performance and the target design of a high reflectance dielectric mirror. The sensitivity of the method is essentially equivalent to a cavity ring down technique allowing us also to readily observe signatures of atmospheric gas species.
KNOWLEDGE REUSE THROUGH CHANCE DISCOVERY FROM AN ENTERPRISE DESIGN-BUILD ENTERPRISE DATA STORE (2005)

This paper explores the possibilities of chance discovery in building design and construction knowledge towards knowledge reuse from past project experiences captured in a enterprise data store. The proposed approach leverages two innovative technologies, (1) ThinkTank™, a web-based asynchronous collaboration technology developed at the Project Based Learning Lab at Stanford University that provides many of the advantages of face-to-face team meetings combined with the utility of e-mail and the organization of content in a database; and (2) Techniques of chance discovery, composed of the Double Helix process of chance discovery, and KeyGraph, a method of visualizing the content of human communications, developed in the laboratory of Chance Discovery at the University of Tsukuba. An overview of the ThinkTank™ and KeyGraph is presented. The validation testbed is described and a concrete scenario of chance discovery of reusable knowledge from a past project is presented to illustrate the value of linking an enterprise data store such as ThinkTank™ and KeyGraph. The paper concludes with a discussion of the importance of the double helix concept, i.e. first helix represented by the KeyGraph computer processing of the ThinkTank™ data, and the second helix represented by human interpretation and exploration of the KeyGraph representation of ThinkTank™ data. We emphasize that without the second helix, i.e. the human interpretation, contextualization and exploration of the results, the KeyGraph would offer only a visual representation of the data, but would not provide valuable input for decision making or knowledge reuse.
Topological Surface States in Lead-Based Ternary TelluridePb(Bi1−xSbx)2Te4 (2012)

We have performed angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy on Pb(Bi(1-x)Sb(x))2Te4, which is a member of lead-based ternary tellurides and has been theoretically proposed as a candidate for a new class of three-dimensional topological insulators. In PbBi2Te4, we found a topological surface state with a hexagonally deformed Dirac-cone band dispersion, indicating that this material is a strong topological insulator with a single topological surface state at the Brillouin-zone center. Partial replacement of Bi with Sb causes a marked change in the Dirac carrier concentration, leading to the sign change of Dirac carriers from n type to p type. The Pb(Bi(1-x)Sb(x))2Te4 system with tunable Dirac carriers thus provides a new platform for investigating exotic topological phenomena.
Chelating tris(amidate) ligands: versatile scaffolds for nickel(ii) (2009)

The synthesis and characterization of nickel complexes supported by a family of open-chain, tetradentate, tris(amidate) ligands, [N(o-PhNC(O)R)(3)](3-) ([L(R)](3-) where R = (i)Pr, (t)Bu, and Ph) is described. The complexes [Ni(L(iPr))](-), [Ni(L(tBu))](-), and [Ni(L(Ph))(CH(3)CN)](-) have been characterized by solution-state spectroscopic methods and single crystal X-ray diffraction. Each ligand gives rise to a different primary coordination sphere about the nickel centre. These studies indicate that the ligands' acyl substituents can be used to regulate the coordination mode of the amidate donors to nickel and the coordination number of the nickel centres. In addition, the ability of these complexes to bind cyanide has been explored. These experiments demonstrate that only one of these complexes, [Ni(L(iPr))](-), is able to irreversibly bind cyanide and can be used to assemble [Et(4)N](3)[Ni(L(iPr))(mu(2)-CN)Co(L(iPr))], a cyanide bridged, heterobimetallic complex. The synthesis and characterization of the cyanide containing complexes, including magnetic susceptibility studies, are described.
DENESTO: A Tool for Video Decoding Energy Estimation and Visualization (2020)

In previous research, it is shown that the decoding energy demand of several video codecs can be estimated accurately by using bit stream feature-based models. Therefore, we show in this paper that the visualization with the Decoding Energy Estimation Tool (DENESTO) can help to improve the understanding of the energy demand of the decoder.
Generation of Formaldehyde by Pharmaceutical Excipients and Its Absorption by Meglumine (2009)

Formaldehyde is a well-known air impurity. The possibility was investigated in this study that pharmaceutical excipients commonly used in oral solid dosage forms might also be sources of formaldehyde. The results showed that formaldehyde is generated by the excipients lactose, D-mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose, low-substituted hydroxypropylcellulose, magnesium stearate and light anhydrous silicic acid. Since the quality and safety of pharmaceutical products can be significantly affected by the presence of formaldehyde, various amines were then investigated for their ability to decrease levels of formaldehyde using an aqueous solution system. Of the four amines investigated, only meglumine proved capable of reducing formaldehyde levels. The reaction product between formaldehyde and meglumine was obtained by fractionation using the preparative HPLC system and the structure was clarified by (1)H-, (13)C-NMR, various types of two-dimensional NMR and mass spectroscopy. The reaction product was determined to be a compound with a 1,3-oxazinane skeleton and containing one more carbon than meglumine. It was presumed that formaldehyde reacted with the secondary amino group in meglumine to form the reaction product via an iminium salt intermediate by cyclization. As meglumine is permitted to be used as a pharmaceutical excipient in both oral and parenteral dosage forms by regulations worldwide, the addition of meglumine to pharmaceutical products can be expected to contribute to the stabilization of many drug substances.