gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Er in molecular beam epitaxy grown GaAs/AlGaAs structures (1997)

Er-doped GaAs/AlGaAs structures were grown by the molecular beam epitaxy technique with concentrations of Er in the range 1017–2×1019 cm−3. Photoluminescence (PL) of Er3+ ions and Er-induced defects was studied at liquid helium and higher temperatures. A strong diffusion of erbium and interdiffusion of gallium and aluminum ions are observed [at the boundary of GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells (QWs)] which leads at high erbium concentrations to degradation of the QW’s and macroscopic (average) leveling of erbium and aluminum concentrations over the whole semiconductor structure. From high-resolution PL spectra the existence of three types of Er centers is deduced, which differ by positions of fine structure lines, PL lifetimes, and temperature dependence. The results indicate that these centers are accompanied by the appearance of three types of carrier traps with binding energies of 20, 50, and about 400 meV, respectively. The experiments show evidence that carriers captured into these traps control the Auger excitation of Er ions assisted by multiphonon emission of local phonons. Temperature quenching of erbium PL is controlled by depopulation of defect states in the case of Auger excitation via the most shallow hole trap (20 meV) and by competition of multiphonon nonradiative capture with the Auger transitions in the case of the deepest defect (400 meV). De-excitation processes of excited f electrons accompanied by generation of electron-hole pairs were also considered. Such processes are especially important in the case of resonance excitation. Besides erbium PL at 1.54 μm, PL of erbium ions was observed from upper excited states at 0.82 and 0.98 μm, which demonstrates the possibility of realizing a three-level scheme of light emission.
Weakly Supervised Learning of Hidden Markov Models for Spoken Language Acquisition (2016)

In this paper, a spoken command and control interface that acquires spoken language through demonstrations from the user is discussed. The user can train the system by uttering a command and subsequently demonstrating the required action through an alternative interface. From the demonstration, a bag of semantic concepts representation that represents which semantic concepts are present in the demonstration is extracted. In the previous work, we have proposed a method for learning words for these concepts by linking the bag of semantic concepts representation to a bag of features representation of the acoustics. In this method, the order in which the words occur is lost. However, in many cases, the order in which the words occur is important to be able to determine the correct action. In this paper, the vocabulary acquisition based on nonnegative matrix factorization is jointly trained with a hidden Markov model (HMM), making it possible to use the bag of concepts representation as a weak supervision for HMM learning. This model can better utilize the timing information to improve the results and the order in which the words occur is retained making it possible to learn vocabulary and grammar. The proposed system is tested on several command and control tasks and it is shown that for unimpaired speech the resulting system outperforms the system solely based on vocabulary acquisition.
A high performance memory allocator for object-oriented systems (1996)

Object-oriented programming languages tend to allocate and deallocate blocks of memory very frequently. The growing popularity of these languages increases the importance of high-performance memory allocation. For speed and simplicity in memory allocation, the buddy system has been the method of choice for nearly three decades. A software realization incurs the overhead of internal fragmentation and of memory traffic due to splitting and coalescing memory blocks. This paper presents a simple hardware design for buddy-system allocation that takes advantage of the speed of a pure combinational-logic implementation. Two binary trees formed by anding and oring propagate information about the allocation status of blocks and subblocks. They implement a nonbacktracking search for the address of the first free block that is large enough to satisfy a request. Although the buddy system may allocate a block that is much larger than the requested size, the logic that finds a free block can be augmented by a "bit-flipper" to relinquish the unused portion at the end of the block. This effectively eliminates internal fragmentation. Simulation results show that the buddy system modified in this way uses less memory in most, though not all, programs than the unmodified buddy. Hence, the hardware buddy-system allocator is faster and uses memory more efficiently than the standard software approach.
New AC-Powered SFQ Digital Circuits (2014)

Recent progress on reciprocal quantum logic (RQL) has renewed interest in ac powering of superconductor digital circuits, which had been abandoned since the famous IBM project of 1970s. In this paper, we propose and demonstrate new ac-biased single flux quantum (SFQ) circuits, and search for synergy of ac and currently dominating dc biasing schemes. As the first step, we suggest an on-chip ac/dc converter capable of feeding a few dc-biased gates surrounded by their ac-biased counterparts. As the second step, we introduce and present the first successful demonstration of a new ac-powered circuit-an 8192-bit shift register with over 32800 Josephson junctions (JJs) and JJ density of about 6 · 105 JJ per cm2. We suggest a few niche applications for this type of ac-biased circuits, which require high clock rates. For example, these circuits, scalable to millions of JJs per chip, can serve as a convenient benchmark for new SFQ fabrication technology nodes, allowing the operating margins of individual cells to be extracted and thus “visualize” individual fabrication defects and flux trapping events. The circuit can also be developed into a megapixel imaging array for a magnetic field microscope.
A constrained wind farm controller providing secondary frequency regulation: An LES study (2018)

Active power control for wind farms is needed to provide ancillary services. One of these services is to track a power reference signal with a wind farm by dynamically de- and uprating the turbines. In this paper we present a closed-loop wind farm controller that evaluates 1) thrust coefficients on a seconds-scale that provide power tracking and minimize dynamical loading on a farm level and 2) yaw settings on a minutes-scale that maximize the possible power that can be harvested by the farm. The controller is evaluated in a high-fidelity wind farm model. A six-turbine simulation case study is used to demonstrate the time-efficient controller for different controller settings. The results indicate that, with a power reference signal below the maximal possible power that can be harvested by the farm with non-yawed turbines, both tracking and reduction in dynamical loading can be ensured. In a second case study we illustrate that, when a wind farm power reference signal exceeds the maximal possible power that can be harvested with non-yawed turbines for a time period, it can not be tracked sufficiently. However, when solving for and applying optimized yaw settings, tracking can be ensured for the complete simulation horizon.
Photocapacitance study of boron-doped chemical-vapor-deposited diamond (1999)

We discuss capacitance-voltage and optically excited deep-level transient spectroscopy (ODLTS) experiments carried out on boron-doped diamond, homoepitaxially grown by chemical-vapor deposition. ODLTS reveals an acceptor-type defect at 1.28 eV above the valence-band edge with a concentration of $\ensuremath{\approx}1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{16}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3}.$ From the temperature dependence of the ODLTS spectra, a lattice coupling of this electronic defect level is deduced, which is characterized by a Franck-Condon shift of 0.16 eV.
Decreased Hippocampal Inhibition and a Selective Loss of Interneurons in Experimental Epilepsy (1987)

The occurrence of seizure activity in human temporal lobe epilepsy or status epilepticus is often associated with a characteristic pattern of cell loss in the hippocampus. An experimental model that replicates this pattern of damage in normal animals by electrical stimulation of the afferent pathway to the hippocampus was developed to study changes in structure and function that occur as a result of repetitive seizures. Hippocampal granule cell seizure activity caused a persistent loss of recurrent inhibition and irreversibly damaged adjacent interneurons. Immunocytochemical staining revealed unexpectedly that gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-containing neurons, thought to mediate inhibition in this region and predicted to be damaged by seizures, had survived. In contrast, there was a nearly complete loss of adjacent somatostatin-containing interneurons and mossy cells that may normally activate inhibitory neurons. These results suggest that the seizure-induced loss of a basket cell-activating system, rather than a loss of inhibitory basket cells themselves, may cause disinhibition and thereby play a role in the pathophysiology and pathology of the epileptic state.
PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF THE DIURNAL LEPIDOPTERA FAUNA OF THE TRÊS PICOS STATE PARK, RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL, WITH A NOTE ON PARIDES ASCANIUS (CRAMER, 1775) (2011)

This paper deals with the butterfly fauna of the Tres Picos State Park (PETP) area, Rio de Janeiro State (RJ), Brazil, sampled by an inventory of the entomological collections housed in the Museu Nacional/UFRJ (MNRJ) and a recent field survey at Reserva Ecologica de Guapiacu (REGUA). The lowland butterfly fauna (up to 600m) is compared for both sites and observations are presented on Parides ascanius (Cramer, 1775).Apresentam-se dados provisorios sobre a Biodiversidade da fauna de borboletas do Parque Estadual dos Tres Picos (PETP), Estado do Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brasil, inventariada mediante o recurso a dados de etiquetas do acervo da colecao entomologica do Museu Nacional/UFRJ (MNRJ) e uma amostragem de campo executada na Reserva Ecologica de Guapiacu (REGUA). A riqueza da fauna de borboletas da floresta ombrofila densa de baixada (ate 600m) e comparada entre ambas as localidades, registrando-se uma extensao recente da area de ocorrencia de Parides ascanius (Cramer, 1775).
Pressure-induced mesial root resorption of mandibular second molar consequential to an impacted third molar (2016)

Resorption is a physiologic or pathologic process which results in mineralized tissue loss. Permanent teeth are resistant to physiologic resorption. Root resorption in such teeth is usually pathological. The aetiology is multi-factorial and encompasses pressure generated from an impacted tooth. Mandibular third molars are the most commonly impacted teeth. Owing to its proximity, distal root resorption of mandibular second molar may occur due to mechanical forces generated during the eruptive phase of impacted tooth. This article documents a case of pressure induced mesial root resorption of mandibular second molar consequential to an impacted third molar. To conclude with, it is prudent to consider all remotely related possibilities for any pathological process. This aids in establishing a correct diagnosis and prevent unnecessary iatrogenic complications
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of β‐Sulfinyl Nitroxides. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Vapor-Phase SMB Adsorptive Separation of Linear/Nonlinear Paraffins (1996)

The separation of various mixtures of the C5−C6 paraffin fraction is considered, being an important stage of the process aimed to gasoline octane enhancement. The separation is carried out in a six-port vapor phase SMB pilot plant operated at 448 K and 350 kPa, using n-heptane as desorbent and 5A-zeolite as adsorbent. The experimental runs deal with the separation of both a binary mixture (70% isopentane and 30% n-pentane) and a multicomponent C5−C6 stream. The results of these experiments illustrate the role and the effect of the different operating parameters on the process performance and demonstrate the possibility of achieving high performance separation. Moreover, they nicely assess the reliability of the known criteria for selecting robust and optimal operating conditions for SMB units.
High-Fidelity Universal Gate Set forBe9+Ion Qubits (2016)

We report high-fidelity laser-beam-induced quantum logic gates on magnetic-field-insensitive qubits comprised of hyperfine states in ^{9}Be^{+} ions with a memory coherence time of more than 1 s. We demonstrate single-qubit gates with an error per gate of 3.8(1)×10^{-5}. By creating a Bell state with a deterministic two-qubit gate, we deduce a gate error of 8(4)×10^{-4}. We characterize the errors in our implementation and discuss methods to further reduce imperfections towards values that are compatible with fault-tolerant processing at realistic overhead.
Hybridization-Based Unquenching of DNA Hairpins on Au Surfaces:  Prototypical “Molecular Beacon” Biosensors (2003)

There is a keen interest in developing techniques for rapid genetic analysis that do not require labeling of an analyte. Here we demonstrate that fluorophore-tagged DNA hairpins attached to gold films can function as immobilized "molecular beacons". Two DNA hairpins incorporating portions of the Staphlococcus aureus FemA and mecR methicillin-resistance genes were attached to a gold substrate. Upon exposure to the complement, a approximately 26-fold increase in fluorescence intensity was measured corresponding to a 96 +/- 5% quenching efficiency. Studies with nonspecific DNA indicate that DNA hairpins immobilized on a gold surface retain their ability to bind complementary DNA sequences selectively.
Colour texture analysis using co-occurrence matrices for classification of colon cancer images (2003)

Worldwide, colorectal cancer is the third most common malignant neoplasm. Automated classification of cytological images of colon tissue samples has been investigated, but diagnosis in all cases still requires human judgement. With the large numbers of cases of colon cancer each year, the workload placed on pathologists is immense. Texture is a powerful discriminating metric and the use of grey-level texture for classification of colon images has been extensively researched. One common technique is the extraction of texture metrics from grey-level co-occurrence matrices. However, using grey-scale images discards information contained in the differences of hue and saturation that may provide further classification information. We present the findings of an investigation of the discriminating ability of colour texture using co-occurrence matrices. Comparisons are made between grey-scale and colour texture analysis. Using statistical analysis, we show that classification using colour texture offers an improvement over classification based solely on grey-level texture.
cDNA cloning, gene organization and expression analysis of human peptidylarginine deiminase type I (2003)

Peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) catalyse a post-translational modification of proteins through the conversion of arginine residues into citrullines. The existence of four isoforms of PAD (types I, II, III and IV) encoded by four different genes, which are distinct in their substrate specificities and tissue-specific expression, was reported in rodents. In the present study, starting from epidermis polyadenylated RNA, we cloned by reverse transcriptase-PCR a full-length cDNA encoding human PAD type I. The cDNA was 2711 bp in length and encoded a 663-amino-acid sequence. The predicted protein shares 75% identity with the rat PAD type I sequence, but displays only 50-57% identity with the three other known human isoforms. We have described the organization of the human PAD type I gene on chromosome 1p36. A recombinant PAD type I was produced in Escherichia coli and shown to be enzymically active. Human PAD type I mRNAs were detected by reverse transcriptase-PCR not only in the epidermis, but also in various organs, including prostate, testis, placenta, spleen and thymus. In human epidermis extracts analysed by Western blotting, PAD type I was detected as a 70 kDa polypeptide, in agreement with its predicted molecular mass. As shown by immunohistochemistry, the enzyme was expressed in all the living layers of human epidermis, with the labelling being increased in the granular layer. This is the first description of the human PAD type I gene and the first demonstration of its expression in epidermis.
Back to Basics: Excavating the Sex Discrimination Roots of Campus Sexual Assault (2017)

This article, written for a symposium devoted to the legacy of celebrated Lady Vols coach, Pat Summit, connects the dots between Title IX’s regulation of campus sexual assault and the law’s overarching goal of expanding women’s access to leadership. Beginning with a discussion of how sexual objectification and harassment obstruct women’s paths to leadership, the article situates campus sexual assault as an important part of Title IX’s overarching agenda to promote equal educational opportunity. Although liberal feminism and dominance feminism are often discussed as competing theoretical frames for understanding and challenging gender inequality, they are best seen as complementary and mutually reinforcing strategies for dislodging the social practices that separate women from power. Sexual assault is just such a practice, and sex discrimination law has long recognized it as a form of sex discrimination. And yet, the current controversy over Title IX’s approach to campus sexual assault has become mired in the weeds of procedural discourse and de-gendered narratives of alcohol and campus partying culture, obscuring the gendered reality – and gender inequality – at the root of the problem. This article traces the evolution of Title IX’s current framework for regulating institutional responses to campus sexual assault with the goal of shoring up the sex discrimination roots underlying that framework. It begins this work by acknowledging that neither courts nor the enforcing agency has fully explained how and why the requirements in the Office for Civil Rights 2011 Dear Colleague Letter (DCL) stem from the statutory ban on sex discrimination. It proceeds to sketch the contours of the sex discrimination grounding for the principles in the DCL, moving beyond sexual assault itself as a gendered practice to focus on how gender scripts and rape myths affect institutional responses to it. The article concludes with a call for further work connecting the statutory ban on sex discrimination to the DCL’s specific requirements for institutional responses to campus sexual assault.
The Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor PLEKHG1 is activated by interaction with and phosphorylation by Src family kinase member FYN (2022)

Rho family small GTPases (Rho) regulate various cell motility processes by spatiotemporally controlling the actin cytoskeleton. Some Rho-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factors (RhoGEFs) are regulated via tyrosine phosphorylation by Src family tyrosine kinase (SFK). We also previously reported that PLEKHG2, a RhoGEF for the GTPases Rac1 and Cdc42, is tyrosine-phosphorylated by SRC. However, the details of the mechanisms by which SFK regulates RhoGEFs are not well understood. In this study, we found for the first time that PLEKHG1, which has very high homology to the Dbl and pleckstrin homology domains of PLEKHG2, activates Cdc42 following activation by FYN, a member of the SFK family. We also show that this activation of PLEKHG1 by FYN requires interaction between these two proteins and FYN-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of PLEKHG1. We also found that the region containing the Src homology 3 and Src homology 2 domains of FYN is required for this interaction. Finally, we demonstrated that tyrosine phosphorylation of Tyr-720 and Tyr-801 in PLEKHG1 is important for the activation of PLEKHG1. These results suggest that FYN is a regulator of PLEKHG1 and may regulate cell morphology through Rho signaling via the interaction with and tyrosine phosphorylation of PLEKHG1.
Toxicity and Outcome of Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy versus 3-Dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy for Oropharyngeal Cancer: A Matched-Pair Analysis (2012)

Because of the scarcity of randomized trials comparing toxicity and outcomes of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) with 3D-conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT), we performed a matched-pair analysis from prospectively collected data from the Head and Neck Tumor Registry of our institution. In the absence of phase III trials, we believe this approach provides the highest quality data possible. Ninety-two patients treated with 3DCRT were matched (1:1) to 92 patients treated with IMRT for 9 potential predictive factors for toxicity and outcome: gender, age, T-stage, N-stage, tumor subsite, unilateral neck irradiation, chemotherapy, neck dissection and boost technique. Groups were compared for acute and late toxicity, locoregional control (LRC), disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS). Oncologic outcomes were estimated using Kaplan-Meier analyses and toxicity was analyzed according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v3.0. The overall incidence of grade 3 acute toxicity was significantly reduced by IMRT, compared to 3DCRT (45% vs. 70%, p = 0.001). The need for tube feeding was reduced from 50% to 37% (p = 0.04). The 3-year actuarial incidence of grade ≥2 late toxicity was also significantly reduced by IMRT, compared to 3DCRT (20% vs. 45%, respectively; p ≤ 0.0001). The incidence of grade ≥ 2 late dysphagia and xerostomia for IMRT vs. 3DCRT were 10% vs. 31% for dysphagia, p = 0.004 and 13% vs. 37%, for xerostomia, respectively (p = 0.001). The 3-year Kaplan-Meier estimates of LRC, DFS, and OS for IMRT vs. 3DCRT were 90% vs. 82% (p = 0.1), 82% vs. 76% (p = 0.3), and 72% vs. 64% (p = 0.2), respectively. In conclusion, the presented non-randomized comparative study of well-matched groups demonstrates the superiority of IMRT vs. 3DCRT for OPC by significantly reducing radiation-induced toxicity without jeopardizing outcomes. The improved therapeutic ratio achieved by the use of IMRT would allow dose escalation of radiotherapy to further improve outcomes of patients with OPC.