gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Nailed Joint Test Methods (1984)

Abstract Six different test configurations were studied to evaluate the effect of test methods on the load-slip behavior of nailed joints. The apparati considered are those used by five researchers in addition to that described in ASTM Method for Testing Mechanical Fasteners in Wood (D 1761). The load-slip parameters evaluated were: first and second cycle secant slip moduli at design load, loads at 0.38- (0.015-) and 2.54-mm (0.100-in.) slip, ultimate load, and slip at ultimate load. These parameters were evaluated for joints nailed with 6d and 8d nails in single shear and interlayer (connector) gaps of zero and 0.51 mm (0.02 in.). Douglas fir lumber and plywood were used as main and side members, respectively. The results indicate that first and second cycle slip moduli are highly sensitive to the test apparatus used. Sensitivity decreases as parameters are taken further along the load-slip record. Beyond 2.54-mm (0.100-in.) slip, no statistically significant differences were found as a result of the methods used. The profound effect of interlayer gap on slip modulus is apparent, while the influence of number of nails used in a specimen is insignificant. Finally, the need for accurate slip measurement and three-point support foundation for test specimens loaded in compression is emphasized.
Deep Genome-Wide Measurement of Meiotic Gene Conversion Using Tetrad Analysis in Arabidopsis thaliana (2020)

Gene conversion, the non-reciprocal exchange of genetic information, is one of the potential products of meiotic recombination. It can shape genome structure by acting on repetitive DNA elements, influence allele frequencies at the population level, and is known to be implicated in human disease. But gene conversion is hard to detect directly except in organisms, like fungi, that group their gametes following meiosis. We have developed a novel visual assay that enables us to detect gene conversion events directly in the gametes of the flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Using this assay we measured gene conversion events across the genome of more than one million meioses and determined that the genome-wide average frequency is 3.5×10−4 conversions per locus per meiosis. We also detected significant locus-to-locus variation in conversion frequency but no intra-locus variation. Significantly, we found one locus on the short arm of chromosome 4 that experienced 3-fold to 6-fold more gene conversions than the other loci tested. Finally, we demonstrated that we could modulate conversion frequency by varying experimental conditions.
Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Adenitis : the diagnostic value of interferon-g release assays. (2009)

info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
ChemInform Abstract: Formation of Polyesters by Thermally Induced Polymerization Reactions of Molecular Solids (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
On-treatment and off-treatment efficacy of entecavir in a real-life cohort of chronic hepatitis B patients (2016)

This study from a real-life cohort may provide data on treating chronic hepatitis B patients more close to everyday clinical practice.
143. Durable Expression of TT-034 in Cynomolgus Monkey Hepatic and Cardiac Tissues without Long-Term Adverse Effects on Endogenous MicroRNA Levels (2016)

Background: The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an attractive target for RNA interference (RNAi) based therapeutics because its genome consists of a single, positive stranded RNA and its replication occurs strictly within the cytoplasm. TT-034 is a DNA-directed RNAi (ddRNAi) based gene therapy product for the treatment of chronic HCV infection and is currently in a phase I/IIa clinical trial. TT-034 is comprised of a self-complementary recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotype 8 vector for transduction of hepatic tissues and is systemically administered as a single intravenous dose. Inside the hepatocyte, TT-034 uses the cell's own transcriptional machinery to continuously express three independent short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) that simultaneously target the 5’ UTR and NS5B regions of the HCV genome. Results: Following a single administration of up to 3.75E12 vg/kg of TT-034, biodistribution analyses demonstrated that greater than 90% of the quantified vector is found in the Cynomolgus monkey liver tissues. In situ hybridization analyses demonstrated almost 100% transduction of the hepatocytes when dosed at 1.25E12 vg/kg. Furthermore, qPCR data revealed that shRNA levels persisted for the duration of the 180-day experiment, demonstrating the durability of expression following a single injection. We examined the impact of continuous TT-034 expression on endogenous miRNAs in liver and cardiac tissues because previous reports have suggested that high expression of shRNA may cause global dysregulation of endogenous microRNA (miRNA) levels within cells. Non-human primates were dosed with saline control or either 1.00E11, 1.00E12, 1.00E13 vg/kg of TT-034. Expression profiles of mature miRNAs were generated from liver biopsies taken 15 days after TT-034 administration. Additionally, samples from liver and heart tissues were collected 60 and 180 days after administration. Approximately 260 different miRNAs were reliably detected in each sample type and used for the analyses. The day 15 liver samples showed significant differences in the expression levels of 27 miRNAs. When analyzing all 260 miRNAs, the day 60 and day 180 liver samples showed no significant statistical differences from the control group at any dose. In the heart tissues, no significant statistical differences between the TT-034 treated group and the control group were noted at any timepoint. Conclusions: These data suggest that a single, intravenous infusion of TT-034 results in almost complete transduction of Cynomolgus monkey hepatocytes. Furthermore, TT-034 results in durable expression of three anti-HCV shRNAs. These doses of TT-034 do not cause long-term perturbation of endogenous miRNA levels.
DLA-D-SPECIFIC SUPPRESSOR CELLS CHARACTERIZED BY MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES (1985)

Canine lymphocytes alloantigen-primed in mixed leukocyte culture (MLC) were tested for their ability to suppress MLC reactivity. These cells were added to fresh responder cells in MLC at ratios of 1:50 and 1:20 and suppressed reactivity 90 +/- 7% (mean +/- 1 SD) and 91 +/- 3% respectively. At lower ratios no suppression was observed. Monoclonal antibody E11 (IgG3) recognized a subset of canine Thy1+ T cells, and with complement treatment was capable of depleting suppressor cells from bulk MLC (11 +/- 6% of control suppression), but DT-2 (IgG2a), another canine T-cell antibody, had no such effect (84 +/- 11%) (P = 0.028). Antibody A5 (IgG2b), reactive with all T and most non-T cells, also eliminated suppression. Positively selected E11+ bulk-MLC cells suppressed (91%) and E11- bulk-MLC cells did not (4%). At the ratios described, suppression was specific for the DLA-D phenotype of the stimulator cells. In tests with the original stimulators, suppression was 91 +/- 7%; in tests with DLA-D identical stimulators it was 92 +/- 5%; and for DLA-D nonidentical stimulators it was 38 +/- 25% (P = 0.005). Nonspecific suppression increased with increasing numbers of suppressor cells. At ratios of 1:10 and 1:5 nonspecific suppression was 72 +/- 13% and 92 +/- 8%, respectively. These studies show that under appropriate conditions, Thy1+, E11+, A5+, DT-2- alloantigen-activated canine T lymphocytes function as DLA-D-specific suppressor cells and DT-2+ cells do not.
Hydrolytic Stability of Alkylethoxy Sulfates (1988)

Summary Sulfate surfactants are being proposed by industry for use in moderate-temperature surfactant floods. Sulfates are also being considered by some groups for use in CO2 mobility control and surfactant/alkaline floods. Data from this study show that the maximum applicable temperatures for sulfates under these pH conditions are much lower than for neutral pH conditions. Rate equations are derived from Arrhenius data on the basis of observed decomposition mechanisms. The equations are used to calculate surfactant lifetimes and maximum temperature limits at various reservoir conditions. The maximum temperatures and lifetimes are functions of pH and brine composition.
Multiperiod tool and production assignment in flexible manufacturing systems (1994)

Flexible manufacturing systems (FMSs) are usually composed of general purpose machines with automatic tool changing and integrated material handling. FMSs offer the advantages of high utilization levels and simultaneous production of a variety of part types with minimal changeover time. Although the trend in FMS operation appears to be towards unmanned production, there is much diversity in the policies under which FMSs can be operated. These policies are governed to some extent by the available technological resources. In this paper several policies are described. Tool loading and production assignment models for setting production plans over a short term planning horizon when using these policies are then formulated. Heuristics for the solution of these models are detailed and computational results are presented. © 1994 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
A game theoretic model for network virus protection (2016)

Security is crucial for information systems. In a company, security management is traditionally controlled via a centralized single-point. However, when we deal with multiple computer systems interconnected in a wide area networks (WAN), the use of a central authority for security management is completely meaningless. In this paper, we propose a distributed decision-making designed to thwart viruses in a WAN. A key aspect is whether owners of devices are willing to update their anti-virus in order to protect their computers or not to pay for an anti-virus update and take the risk to be contaminated. Given the fact that computers are interconnected via networks and the Internet, the risk of being infected does not only depend on each computer's strategy, but also on the strategies chosen by other computers in the network. This makes the virus protection problem much more challenging. To do so, we model the interaction between nodes as a non-cooperative game in which each node decides individually whether to update the anti-virus or not. The virus spread is assumed to follow a biologically inspired epidemic model in which the dynamic of sources that disseminate the virus evolves as function of the popularity of virus using the influence linear threshold model. We first provide a full characterization of the equilibria of the game and then we investigate the impact of the update cost. In particular, we study the performance of the strategies at the equilibrium in terms of the update cost and the network size on both the security management system and the anti-virus producers. These results give some helpful insights on how secure is decentralizing antivirus update decisions.
Novel features from autocorrelation and spectrum to classify Phonocardiogram quality (2017)

Phonocardiogram (PCG) or auscultation via a stethoscope forms the basis of preliminary medical screening. But PCG recorded in an uncontrolled environment is inherently noisy. In this paper we have derived novel features from the spectral domain and autocorrelation waveforms. These are used to identify the quality of a PCG recording and accepting only diagnosable quality recordings for further analysis. These features proved to be robust irrespective of variations in devices and in data collection protocols employed to ensure consistent data quality. A freely available, large, diverse, medical-grade PCG dataset was used for creating the training models. Results show that the proposed methodology yields an accuracy score of ~75% on our in-house PCG dataset, collected using a low-cost smartphone-based digital stethoscope.
One‐pot enzymatic production of dTDP‐4‐Keto‐6‐Deoxy‐d‐glucose from dTMP and glucose‐1‐phosphate (2003)

An enzymatic production method for dTDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-D-glucose, a key intermediate of various deoxysugars in antibiotics, was developed starting from dTMP, acetyl phosphate, and glucose-1-phosphate. Four enzymes, i.e., TMP kinase, acetate kinase, dTDP-glucose synthase, and dTDP-D-glucose 4,6-dehydratase' were overexpressed using T7 promoter system in the E. coli BL21 strain, and the dTDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-D-glucose was synthesized by using the enzyme extracts in one-pot batch system. When 20 mM dTMP of initial concentration was used, Mg2+ ion, acetyl phosphate, and glucose-1-phosphate concentrations were optimized. About 95% conversion yield of dTDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-D-glucose was obtained based on initial dTMP concentration at 20 mM dTMP, 1 mM ATP, 60 mM acetyl phosphate, 80 mM glucose-1-phosphate, and 20 mM MgCl(2). The rate-limiting step in this multiple enzyme reaction system was the dTDP-glucose synthase reaction. Using the reaction scheme, about 1 gram of purified dTDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-D-glucose was obtained in an overall yield of 81% after two-step purification, i.e., anion exchange chromatography and gel filtration.
Role of Copper Oxides in Contact Killing of Bacteria (2013)

The potential of metallic copper as an intrinsically antibacterial material is gaining increasing attention in the face of growing antibiotics resistance of bacteria. However, the mechanism of the so-called "contact killing" of bacteria by copper surfaces is poorly understood and requires further investigation. In particular, the influences of bacteria-metal interaction, media composition, and copper surface chemistry on contact killing are not fully understood. In this study, copper oxide formation on copper during standard antimicrobial testing was measured in situ by spectroscopic ellipsometry. In parallel, contact killing under these conditions was assessed with bacteria in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) or Tris-Cl. For comparison, defined Cu2O and CuO layers were thermally generated and characterized by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction. The antibacterial properties of these copper oxides were tested under the conditions used above. Finally, copper ion release was recorded for both buffer systems by inductively coupled plasma atomic absorption spectroscopy, and exposed copper samples were analyzed for topographical surface alterations. It was found that there was a fairly even growth of CuO under wet plating conditions, reaching 4-10 nm in 300 min, but no measurable Cu2O was formed during this time. CuO was found to significantly inhibit contact killing, compared to pure copper. In contrast, thermally generated Cu2O was essentially as effective in contact killing as pure copper. Copper ion release from the different surfaces roughly correlated with their antibacterial efficacy and was highest for pure copper, followed by Cu2O and CuO. Tris-Cl induced a 10-50-fold faster copper ion release compared to PBS. Since the Cu2O that primarily forms on copper under ambient conditions is as active in contact killing as pure copper, antimicrobial objects will retain their antimicrobial properties even after oxide formation.
Secoiridoid Glycosides from Gentiana olivieri. (1999)

From the whole plants of Gentiana Olivieri, three new bitter secoiridoid glycosides, olivierosides A (1), B (2) and C (3) were isolated together with the known compounds, gentiopicroside, sweroside, 6'-O-β-D-glucosylgen-tiopicroside, swertiapunimarin, eustomoside, eustomorusside and septemfidoside, and the structures of the new compounds were elucidated based on spectroscopic and chemical evidence.
Multistream Multiuser Coordinated Beamforming for Cellular Networks With Multiple Receive Antennas (2015)

Multicell coordinated beamforming (CB) can mitigate intercell interference (ICI). However, existing work on CB focuses on systems that maximize overall throughput. This paper considers CB for systems with multiple receive antennas and further extends the CB to multiuser and multistream transmission. We consider fairness and pay close attention to cell-edge users. CB that maximizes the harmonic sum of signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) can be derived into a low-complexity algorithm that favors cell-edge users. Two iterative algorithms are developed. From the simulation results, the proposed algorithms can provide a better fifth-percentile user throughput compared with the CB algorithms minimizing mean square error, maximizing uplink SINR, and maximizing weighted sum rate. Furthermore, the computational complexity of the proposed algorithms is significantly lower than that maximizing the minimum SINR of users.
ChemInform Abstract: Inverse Electron Demand Diels‐Alder Reactions of Heterocyclic Azadienes: Formal Total Synthesis of Streptonigrin. (1986)

Abstract Die Regioselektivität der Titelreaktion wird am Beispiel der Umsetzung von (II) mit zahlreichen Dienophilen [ u.a. (I)] untersucht.
The significance of circulating cells carrying t(14;18) in long remission from follicular lymphoma. (1991)

Peripheral blood mononuclear cell fractions from 15 patients in continuous clinical remission from follicular lymphoma for longer than 10 years were examined for cells carrying the t(14;18) translocation using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The assay used was able to detect one positive cell in approximately 5 x 10(5) cells (a single 14q+ molecule in 2.5 micrograms DNA). Cells positive for t(14;18) were found in six of eight patients initially presenting with stage III or IV disease, compared with zero of seven of those with stage I or II disease (P less than .05). In two cases 14q+ junction regions were also successfully amplified from formalin-fixed biopsy material obtained at presentation 12 and 17 years previously. In both, sequence analysis demonstrated that the cells circulating in remission belonged to the original clone. These results indicate that cells bearing t(14;18) frequently persist in the peripheral blood in long remission of advanced follicular lymphoma and question the value of their presence as a predictor of relapse.
ANAESTHESIA FOR OBSTETRICAL MANOEUVRES AND OPERATIONS (1961)

Department of Anaesthesia, Vancouver Grace Hospital and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia
Superradiance Revisited (1972)

The basic features of coherent spontaneous emission, including its dependence on the square of the number of participating emitters, are reviewed. Analogies with magnetic resonance phenomena are exploited, and we explain the need to go beyond such analogies in order to treat optical emission. Some recent results in the theory of optical superradiance are discussed. The radiative decay process is treated as a quantum-classical interpolation problem, and explicit solutions are given. In addition to its time dependence, we give the angular distribution of radiated power and the expected intensity fluctuations, and we estimate the maximum number of emitters which can cooperate in a superradiant event. Dicke's “coherence brightening” criterion is discussed from the point of view of the present paper. A “failure” of the criterion is exhibited and explained. Two of the purely quantum aspects of superradiance are isolated and discussed briefly.
Studies on anticoccidial agents. 12. Synthesis and anticoccidial activity of methyl-2(6)-nitro- and -3(5)-nitropyridinecarboxamides (1978)

A number of methyl-2- and 3-nitropyridinecarboxamides have been synthesized. It has been established that the presence of at least one hydrogen atom, adjacent to the NO2 function, is important for anticoccidial activity and introduction of a methyl group to the adjacent position of the CONH2 function sometimes confers enhanced activity. Among the compounds herein, 5- and 6-methyl-2-nitropyridine-4-carboxamides possess optimal anticoccidial activity, being as potent as the parent compound.
Micro‐ and nanocomposites of Keggin heteropolymetalates in cellulose esters (2002)

Abstract Composites of Keggin heteropolymetalates have been prepared and characterized by SEM, XPS, 31 P‐magic angle spinning/nuclear magnetic resonance and differential scanning calorimetry. The phosphotungstic acid and phosphomolybdic acid form nanocomposites where the oxocluster structure is preserved and is highly dispersed over the material, probably inserted between the polymeric chains. Phosphovanadotungstic clusters suffer partial decomposition during composite formation, resulting in a biphasic microcomposite. The decomposition product, phosphotungstic acid presents surface segregation as shown by comparison of XPS and nuclear magnetic resonance results. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
A Normative Agent System to Prevent Cyberbullying (2011)

Automated approaches to prevent the negative effects of cyber bullying mainly focus on affective agents that provide support for victims. The current paper takes a complementary approach, which attempts to minimise the amount of occurrences of cyber bullying in the first place. The approach consists of a system of normative agents, which are physically present in a virtual society. The agents, which reason based on a BDI-model, use a number of techniques to detect various norm violations, including insulting and following. By using rewards and punishments, they try to reinforce the desired behaviour of the users. The system has been implemented and tested within a virtual environment for children between 6 and 12 years old, called Club Time Machine. In a real world experiment, the behaviour of the users of the virtual environment has been logged and analysed by means of a logic-based checking tool. The results show that the normative agents have the potential to reduce the amount of norm violations on the long term.
Digital temperature compensation of a thermistor flowmeter (1987)

The temperature compensation of a thermistor flowmeter is accomplished digitally, thus simplifying the compensation problem by replacing required hardware with software. The resistance-temperature curve of the thermistor is a least-squares fit to a logarithmic function whose coefficients are stored in computer memory. Signals representing the temperature of the heated thermistor and the ambient temperature are digitised and converted to temperature values based on the stored resistance-temperature curve. In this case the signals are obtained from a single thermistor switched between the high and low overheat modes. The thermistor temperature T, the ambient temperature Ta, and the electrical power input are used to form the dissipation factor (K=P/(T-Ta)) which calibrates the flowmeter when plotted against velocity. Results from calibration experiments on a thermistor flowmeter designed for use in human coronary arteries are presented to demonstrate the viability of the method.
P2P as botnet command and control: A deeper insight (2008)

The research community is now focusing on the integration of peer-to-peer (P2P) concepts as incremental improvements to distributed malicious software networks (now generically referred to as botnets). While much research exists in the field of P2P in terms of protocols, scalability, and availability of content in P2P file sharing networks, less exists (until this last year) in terms of the shift in C&C from central C&C using clear-text protocols, such as IRC and HTTP, to distributed mechanisms for C&C where the botnet becomes the C&C, and is resilient to attempts to mitigate it. In this paper we review some of the recent work in understanding the newest botnets that employ P2P technology to increase their survivability, and to conceal the identities of their operators. We extend work done to date in explaining some of the features of the Nugache P2P botnet, and compare how current proposals for dealing with P2P botnets would or would not affect a pure-P2P botnet like Nugache. Our findings are based on a comprehensive 2-year study of this botnet.