gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Configurational Entropy Regulation in Polyolefin Elastomer/Paraffin Wax Vitrimers by Thermally Responsive Liquid–Solid Transition for Force Storage (2023)

The work output of shape memory polymers during shape shifting is desired for practical application as actuators. Herein, a polyolefin elastomer (POE) and paraffin wax (PW) are co-cross-linked by dynamic boronic ester bonds to enhance the network elasticity and the stress transfer between the two phases, endowing high force storage capacity to the prepared vitrimers. Depending on the phase of PW, one-way force storage is realized by programming at a low temperature (25 °C), owing to which solid PW can promote the locking of POE chains in a low-entropy state, while reversible force storage can be realized by programming at a high temperature (75 °C), owing to which the relaxation of chains facilitated by liquid PW can promote the construction of a stable structure. Based on one-way force storage, a weight-lifting machine with a weight of 20 mg prestrained at 25 °C can lift a 100 g weight, showing a lifting ratio of no less than 5000, with a high work output of 0.98 J/g. A high-temperature alarm can be triggered at varied temperatures (43-56 °C) through controlled force release by adjusting the PW content and programmed prestrains. Based on the reversible force storage, crawling robots and artificial muscles with a work output of 0.025 J/g are demonstrated. The dynamic cross-linking network also confers mold-free self-healing capability to POE/PW vitrimers, and the repair efficiency is enhanced compared with the POE vitrimer due to the improved POE chain motion by liquid PW. The realized one-way and reversible force storage and self-healing by POE/PW vitrimers pave the way for the application of SMPs in the fields of soft robotic actuators.
Clinical observation of Gemcitabine and Cisplatin in the patients with advanced primary hepatocellular carcinoma (2007)

Objective To investigate the efficacy and toxicity of a combination of Gemcitabine (Gemzar)and Cisplatin(GP)chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods Thirty-four patients with advanced unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma were enrolled into this observation. Patients were treated with 4 cycles of GP regimen.Observation of its efficacy and toxicity was done after four cy- cles of combination chemotherapy.Results The results were as follows in the Gemcitabine-Cisplatin adjuvant treatment group:CR(complete remission)1 case,PR(partial remission)9 cases,MR(minimal remission)10 cases,SD(stable disease)8 cases,PD(progression)6 cases.RB(remission rate)was 29.4%(10/34).45.8% (11/24)of patients after treatment had decrescent in AFP(alpha-fetoprotein).The AFP level had dropped more than 50% compared to the baseline of AFP before treatment.21 patients before treatment had hepatic region pain.After two cycles of chemotherapy their symptom of hepatic region pain was completely disappeared.The main adverse effects were myelosuppression.WHO gradeⅢ-IV neutropenia was 17.6%(6/34)and gradeⅢ-Ⅳthrombocytopenia was 14.7%(5/34).Non-hematologic toxicities were mild nausea in a few part of patients and slight elevation of bilirubin and transaminase of no more than 1.5 times of the normal upper limit.No signif- icant elevations were found in urea nitrogen and creatinine.The median time to progression(TIP)was 4.5 months and the median overall survival(MST)was 12.8 months.The one-year survival rate was 60.7%.Con- clusion GP chemotherapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with better efficacy and light side effects can significantly reduce the suffering of the patients and prolong survival time.It is worth further studying and di- cussing.
Softwaredesign für die Zukunft – geplante und gemanagte Softwareevolution (2014)

Die Beitrage dieses Heftes berichten uber erste Ergebnisse des aus dem Software Engineering vorgeschlagenen Schwerpunktprogramms Design for Future managed Software evolution der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft.
Inositol Pyrophosphates Are Required for DNA Hyperrecombination in Protein Kinase C1 Mutant Yeast (2002)

Diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate (InsP(7)) and bis-diphosphoinositol tetrakisphosphate (InsP(8)) contain energetic pyrophosphate groups, occur throughout animal and plant kingdoms, and are synthesized by a recently cloned family of inositol hexakisphosphate kinases (InsP(6)Ks). We report that these inositol pyrophosphates mediate homologous DNA recombination in yeast S. cerevisae. Hyperrecombination, caused by altered protein kinase C1 (PKC1), is lost in yeast with deletion of yeast InsP(6)K (yInsP(6)K) and can be restored selectively by catalytically active yeast or mammalian InsP(6)Ks. Inositol pyrophosphates are required for two forms of hyperrecombination that differ in mechanism, suggesting some generalities for actions of inositol pyrophosphates in recombination.
Implementation techniques and an object group service for CORBA-based applications in the field of parallel processing (2002)

We examine the suitability of CORBA based solutions for meeting application requirements in the field of distributed parallel programming. We outline concepts defined within CORBA which are helpful for the development of parallel applications, and we describe which programming techniques are at hand for this purpose. Subsequently, we present an object group service which facilitates the development of CORBA based distributed and parallel software applications. Moreover, we introduce some basic ideas of how the Unified Modeling Language (UML) can be used for modeling parallel applications.
Engine Oil Phosphorus Effects on Catalytic Converter Performance in Federal Durability and High-Speed Vehicle Tests (1977)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Phosphorus derived from engine oil adversely affected catalyst performance monitored in two separate vehicle tests. In the first test, conducted using six matched vehicles operated at high-speed conditions with three different commercial engine oils, catalyst hydrocarbon conversion efficiency decreased linearly with both the amount of phosphorus added to the engine, and that found on the catalyst. In the second test, conducted using four matched vehicles operated on two different commercial engine oils using the Federal Durability Driving Cycle, hydrocarbon conversion efficiency also decreased linearly with the same phosphorus parameters. In this latter test, for nominal oil economies (3 400 km/ℓ) and phosphorus concentrations found in current oils (0.17 weight percent), catalyst deterioration due to phosphorus poisoning was greater than that due to thermal degradation and could adversely affect a vehicle's ability to pass current (1977) and future emission standards.&lt;/div&gt;
Progress in Gelatin as Biomaterial for Tissue Engineering (2022)

Tissue engineering has become a medical alternative in this society with an ever-increasing lifespan. Advances in the areas of technology and biomaterials have facilitated the use of engineered constructs for medical issues. This review discusses on-going concerns and the latest developments in a widely employed biomaterial in the field of tissue engineering: gelatin. Emerging techniques including 3D bioprinting and gelatin functionalization have demonstrated better mimicking of native tissue by reinforcing gelatin-based systems, among others. This breakthrough facilitates, on the one hand, the manufacturing process when it comes to practicality and cost-effectiveness, which plays a key role in the transition towards clinical application. On the other hand, it can be concluded that gelatin could be considered as one of the promising biomaterials in future trends, in which the focus might be on the detection and diagnosis of diseases rather than treatment.
The effect of orientation on thermal expansion behavior in polyimide films (1994)

Abstract The anisotropy of the thermal expansion of polyimide films was investigated . Out‐of‐plane or thickness direction coefficients of linear thermal expansion (CTE) were calculated from the difference between the coefficient of volumetric expansion (CVE) and the sum of the in‐plane or film direction coefficients of linear thermal expansion for commercial and spin‐coated PMDA//ODA and BPDA//PPD films and spin coated BTDA//ODA/MPD films. The CVEs were obtained from a pressure‐volume‐temperature (PVT) technique based on Bridgeman bellows. The CVE was shown to be essentially constant, independent of molecular orientation and thickness. A decrease in the in‐plane CTEs therefore occurs at the expense of an increase in the out‐of‐plane CTE. In all cases the calculated out‐of‐plane CTE was higher than the measured in‐plane CTE. The ratio of the out‐of‐plane CTE to the in‐plane CTE was 1.2, 3.8, and 49.3 for the spin‐coated BTDA//ODA/MPD, PMDA//ODA, and BPDA//PPD films, respectively. © 1994 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Bone Marrow Edema of the Forefoot after Chevron Osteotomy—A Rare Cause of Metatarsalgia: A Case Report (2002)

Treatment options of bone marrow edema syndrome, which is associated with vascular disturbances, are protracted nonoperative treatment or core decompression which still demands several weeks until complete recovery. We obtained excellent results by the use of the vasoactive drug iloprost, a stable prostacyclin analogue, leading to a complete relief of symptoms in cases of bone marrow edema which had initially suggested early avascular necrosis of the second metatarsal head. The bone marrow edema of the second metatarsal bone was thought to be due to altered biomechanics following a distal first metatarsal chevron osteotomy. During the five days of iloprost infusion, the patient reported relief of rest pain. After therapy, the pedobarogram was normalized. The AOFAS forefoot score improved from 44 to 85 points after one month, and to 95 points after three months. At that time, the marrow showed normal signals. Without additional intervention the patient was able to resume normal activities.
Multichannel maximum-likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) equalizer for GSM using a parametric channel model (1999)

We propose a novel algorithm for the maximum-likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) equalizer for the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) system. Specifically, we use a parametric model for the channel, along with a modified phase pulse-shaping function of Gaussian minimum shift keying (GMSK) modulation to obtain the modified Viterbi equalizer which we refer to as the parametric channel-Viterbi equalizer (PC-VE). In contrast to the conventional Viterbi equalizer with a finite impulse response (FIR) channel description, the PC-VE avoids the linear approximation error. The PC-VE also has a lower computational complexity if the number of the propagation paths is less than the number of the FIR channel taps multiplied by the number of antennas. The proposed algorithm is applicable to both single and multiantenna receivers. An analytical expression for the BER as a function of the SNR, path delays, and path DOAs has been derived. Some simulation results that illustrate the performance of the proposed algorithm are presented.
Changes in bronchial inflammation during acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (2001)

There are little data describing noncellular changes in bronchial inflammation during exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. The relationship between sputum colour and airway inflammation at presentation has been assessed during an exacerbation in patients with chronic bronchitis and a primary care diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Sputum myeloperoxidase, neutrophil elastase, leukotriene B4 (LTB4), interleukin-8 (IL-8), sol:serum albumin ratio and serum C-reactive protein were measured in patients presenting with an exacerbation and mucoid (n = 27) or purulent sputum (n = 42). Mucoid exacerbations were associated with little bronchial or systemic inflammation at presentation, and sputum bacteriology was similar to that obtained in the stable state. Purulent exacerbations were associated with marked bronchial and systemic inflammation (p < 0.025 for all features) and positive sputum cultures (90%). Resolution was related to a significant reduction in LTB4 (p < 0.01), but no change in IL-8, suggesting that LTB4 may be more important in neutrophil recruitment in these mild, purulent exacerbations. In the stable state, IL-8 remained higher in patients who had experienced a purulent exacerbation (2p < 0.02). The presented results indicate that exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, defined by sputum colour, differ in the degree of bronchial and systemic inflammation. Purulent exacerbations are related to bacterial infection, and are associated with increased neutrophilic inflammation and increased leukotriene B4 concentrations.
Nanomaterials Improve Polymer-Based Gravel-Packing Fluids at High Temperature (2021)

Abstract A gravel packing fluid system was developed for elevated temperature applications above 290°F comprised of xanthan gum and a high-temperature gravel suspension additive. This fluid system has been successfully pumped in four openhole gravel packing operations so far, validating its suitability for Alternate Path gravel packing technology involving shunt tubes. Laboratory qualification testing for this fluid showed excellent gravel suspension, rheology, and breaking profiles for cleanup and minimal damage during production. Xanthan gels have been used in gravel packing applications for many years. However, by itself, xanthan was unable to suspend gravel at temperatures above 290°F possibly due to onset of thermally activated polymer degradation. This paper demonstrates that gravel suspension ability can be vastly improved with the addition of a recently developed nano-additive. This additive is a specially designed versatile nanosized material that has a proven track record with visco-elastic surfactant fluids in the past. In the present study, we show the successful application of this additive with polymer-based carrier fluids such as xanthan, effectively increasing their application range to 325°F. With the inclusion of this suspension additive, xanthan concentration in the fluid system can also be reduced, which has other potential benefits such as better cleanup after gel break. Extensive laboratory evaluation for fluid qualification was performed prior to the job. High-pressure/high-temperature (HP/HT) rheology measurements were performed using industry-standard rheometers at various shear rates to match specific viscosity requirements for shunt tube applications. Gravel suspension tests performed using special pressurized cells immersed in oil bath at the required bottomhole static temperature showed improved gravel suspension with the nano-additive. Fluid breaking with conventional oxidative breaker was also demonstrated with viscosity measurements. Formation response tests showed very good fluid cleanup with 90% regained permeability. Laboratory testing and successful field applications have proven the effectiveness of this new fluid system.
Graphic Deduction Based on Set (2020)

Based on basic concept of symbolic logic and set theory, this paper focuses on judgments and attempts to provide a new method for the study of logic. It establishes the formal language of the extension of judgment J*, and formally describes a, e, i, o judgment, and thus gives set theory representation and graphical representation that can distinguish between universal judgments and particular judgments. According to the content of non-modal deductive reasoning in formal logic, it gives weakening theorem, strengthening theorem and a number of typical graphical representation theorem (graphic theorem), where graphic deduction is carried out. Graphic deduction will be beneficial to the research of artificial intelligence, which is closely related to judgment and deduction in logic.
Economic dispatch of a single micro gas turbine under CHP operation with uncertain demands (2022)

This work considers the economic dispatch problem for a single micro gas turbine, governed by a discrete state–space model, under combined heat and power (CHP) operation and coupled with a utility. If the exact power and heat demands are given, existing algorithms can be used to give a quick optimal solution to the economic dispatch problem. However, in practice, the power and heat demands cannot be known deterministically, but are rather predicted, resulting in an estimate and a bound on the estimation error. We consider the case in which the power and heat demands are unknown, and present a robust optimization-based approach for scheduling the turbine’s heat and power generation, in which the demand is assumed to be inside an uncertainty set. We consider two different choices of the uncertainty set relying on the ℓ∞- and the ℓ1-norms, each with different advantages, and consider the associated robust economic dispatch problems. We recast these as robust shortest-path problems on appropriately defined graphs. For the first choice, we provide an exact linear-time algorithm for the solution of the robust shortest-path problem, and for the second, we provide an exact quadratic-time algorithm and an approximate linear-time algorithm. The efficiency and usefulness of the algorithms are demonstrated using a detailed case study that employs real data on energy demand profiles and electricity tariffs.
Development of high efficiency thin silicon space solar cells (2002)

The improvement of the efficiencies of thin silicon solar cells for space use was studied. The representative 3 types of nonreflective surface structures were evaluated and their characteristics were clarified. Solar cells with these structures showed excellent electrical performance and the best result of 18.0% efficiency for 100 /spl mu/m thick cells was attained. Cells made from 2 /spl Omega/ cm substrates showed higher electrical performance and radiation hardness than those from 10 /spl Omega/ cm substrates. The electron irradiation tests showed that the current degradation of the cells with lower resistivity substrates were reduced and the improved solar cells can be used for future satellites.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Web Data Extraction using Hybrid Program Synthesis: A Combination of Top-down and Bottom-up Inference (2020)

Automatic synthesis of web data extraction programs has been explored in a variety of settings, but in practice there remain various robustness and usability challenges. In this work we present a novel program synthesis approach which combines the benefits of deductive and enumerative synthesis strategies, yielding a semi-supervised technique with which concise programs expressible in standard languages can be synthesized from very few examples. We demonstrate improvement over existing techniques in terms of overall accuracy, number of examples required, and program complexity. Our method has been deployed as a web extraction feature in the mass market Microsoft Power BI product.
Updates on XML documents and schemas (2011)

In a dynamic and heterogeneous world as the Web, the need often arises to update XML data, as well as their structures, to adhere to new domain requirements. Updates may break compliance of data to schemas, and updates at schema level may in addition require to adapt associated documents to the new schema. Moreover, emerging application contexts in which updates come from different sources, such as collaborative editing, versioning, cloud computing, and disconnected execution, are more and more relevant. The main goals of this thesis are: (i) to support data and schema updates as an integrated process, investigating the mutual implications of updating either data or schema on the other, (ii) to develop a flexible framework for dynamically reasoning on XML updates, applicable in different contexts and (iii) to study provenance in the context of our XML update framework, introducing the possibility of storing and querying each individual update information to trace the data lineage.
Diagnostic Technology of Performance of Power Plants Using Laser Torque Sensor (2009)

More than 70% of electricity in the world is supplied by thermal power plants, which use fuels such as oil, coal and liquefied natural gas. In recent years, combined cycle power plants fill the leading role of thermal power plants. It is important to evaluate the efficiency of turbines in combined cycle power plants, so that it leads fuel conservation and reduction of carbon dioxide emissions. Heat input-output analysis is often used to evaluate turbine efficiency. But the accuracy of analysis is approximately 10%, because it is difficult to measure high temperature fluid parameters such as flow rate and temperature. Therefore, we are developing a high accurate non-contact torque measurement system, which is comprised of He-Ne laser sensors, thin metal reflectors and the correlation method for calculating turbine torque by sensor output signals. We confirmed that torque measurement accuracy is approximately 1% in field tests for steam turbine power plants. Further, we carried out field tests in a combined cycle power plant. As a result, this torque measurement system is expected to be useful for a high accurate torque measurement in power plants.
Characterization of a Heparin-Binding Growth Factor from Adenocarcinoma of the Kidney (1988)

A polypeptide isolated from tissue extracts of renal adenocarcinoma was mitogenic for BALB/c 3T3 cells and human umbilical vein (HUV) cells in culture. It also demonstrated angiogenic ability using the chorioallantoic membrane bioassay. Using heparin-sepharose affinity chromatography the purified protein eluted with a NaCl concentration between 1.4 and 1.8 M and demonstrated a molecular weight of approximately 17,000 daltons based on SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Half maximal stimulation of tritiated thymidine incorporation into BALB/c 3T3 cells was achieved by 1.6 ng./ml. of the heparin binding material. Western blot analysis using antibodies specific to basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) only or acidic FGF (aFGF) only demonstrated that the purified protein binds to the former and not the latter. The characteristics of this material, in effect the elution profile off heparin-Sepharose, the molecular weight, angiogenic activity and the results of western blot analysis, suggest that this growth factor is similar to the family of basic fibroblast growth factors.
Experimental evidence for large dynamic effects on the plasmon dispersion of subwavelength metal nanoparticle waveguides (2007)

We present angle- and frequency-resolved optical extinction measurements to determine the dispersion relation of plasmon modes on Ag and Au nanoparticle chains with pitches down to $75\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$. The large splitting between transverse and longitudinal modes and the band curvature are inconsistent with reported electrostatic near-field models and confirm that far-field retarded interactions are important, even for $\ensuremath{\lambda}∕5$-sized structures. The data imply that lower propagation losses, larger signal bandwidth, and larger maximum group velocity than expected can be achieved for wave vectors below the light line. We conclude that for the design of optical nanocircuits coherent far-field couplings across the entire circuit need to be considered, even at subwavelength feature sizes.
Relationship between Ambient Temperature and Mental Health in the USA (2017)

Climatic variables such as temperature have been shown to correlate with demand for mental health services in other countries. An attempt by the present study to replicate this correlation using existing USA treatment data on mental health was not substantiated. Using annual state-level data from 2007 through 2015, the rate of mental health service utilization per 1000 population was correlated with average temperature and precipitation, while adjusting for Gross Domestic Product (GDP), unemployment, and urbanization. No statistically significant correlation was found.