gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Oxysterols on Immune Cells and Related Diseases (2022)

Oxysterols are the products of cholesterol oxidation. They have a wide range of effects on several cells, organs, and systems in the body. Oxysterols also have an influence on the physiology of the immune system, from immune cell maturation and migration to innate and humoral immune responses. In this regard, oxysterols have been involved in several diseases that have an immune component, from autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases to inflammatory diseases, atherosclerosis, and cancer. Here, we review data on the participation of oxysterols, mainly 25-hydroxycholesterol and 7α,25-dihydroxycholesterol, in the immune system and related diseases. The effects of these oxysterols and main oxysterol receptors, LXR and EBI2, in cells of the immune system (B cells, T cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes), and in immune-related diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases, intestinal diseases, cancer, respiratory diseases, and atherosclerosis, are discussed.
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE POSSIBILITY OF WEANING FROM MECHANICAL CARDIAC SUPPORT SYSTEMS IN PATIENTS WITH END-STAGE IDIOPATHIC DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY (1997)

Mueller, J.; Semrau, S.; Spiegelsberger, S.; Wallukat, G.; Weng, Y.; Loebe, M.; Meyer, R.; Hetzer, R. Author Information
Enkephalin Elevations Contribute to Neuronal and Behavioral Impairments in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease (2008)

The enkephalin signaling pathway regulates various neural functions and can be altered by neurodegenerative disorders. In Alzheimer's disease (AD), elevated enkephalin levels may reflect compensatory processes or contribute to cognitive impairments. To differentiate between these possibilities, we studied transgenic mice that express human amyloid precursor protein (hAPP) and amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptides in neurons and exhibit key aspects of AD. Met-enkephalin levels in neuronal projections from the entorhinal cortex and dentate gyrus (brain regions important for memory that are affected in early stages of AD) were increased in hAPP mice, as were preproenkephalin mRNA levels. Genetic manipulations that exacerbate or prevent excitotoxicity also exacerbated or prevented the enkephalin alterations. In human AD brains, enkephalin levels in the dentate gyrus were also increased. In hAPP mice, enkephalin elevations correlated with the extent of Abeta-dependent neuronal and behavioral alterations, and memory deficits were reduced by irreversible blockade of mu-opioid receptors with the antagonist beta-funaltrexamine. We conclude that enkephalin elevations may contribute to cognitive impairments in hAPP mice and possibly in humans with AD. The therapeutic potential of reducing enkephalin production or signaling merits further exploration.
Achieving Multi-Port Memory Performance on Single-Port Memory with\n Coding Techniques (2020)

Many performance critical systems today must rely on performance\nenhancements, such as multi-port memories, to keep up with the increasing\ndemand of memory-access capacity. However, the large area footprints and\ncomplexity of existing multi-port memory designs limit their applicability.\nThis paper explores a coding theoretic framework to address this problem. In\nparticular, this paper introduces a framework to encode data across multiple\nsingle-port memory banks in order to {\\em algorithmically} realize the\nfunctionality of multi-port memory.\n This paper proposes three code designs with significantly less storage\noverhead compared to the existing replication based emulations of multi-port\nmemories. To further improve performance, we also demonstrate a memory\ncontroller design that utilizes redundancy across coded memory banks to more\nefficiently schedule read and write requests sent across multiple cores.\nFurthermore, guided by DRAM traces, the paper explores {\\em dynamic coding}\ntechniques to improve the efficiency of the coding based memory design. We then\nshow significant performance improvements in critical word read and write\nlatency in the proposed coded-memory design when compared to a traditional\nuncoded-memory design.\n
Molten-Salt Reactors: Report for 1960 Ten-Year-Plan Evaluation (1960)

For purposes of this evaluation, the molten-salt reactor is considered as an advanced concept. It is considered not to have a status of a current technology adequate to allow the construction of large-scale power plants, since no power reactor has been built or even designed in detail. As a result there can be no estimate of present cost of power, and the projection of power costs to later years is necessarily based on general arguments rather than detailed considerations.
Changing the Default for Directed Broadcasts in Routers (1999)

This document discusses and defines a number of tests that may be used
to describe the performance characteristics of a network
interconnecting device. In addition to defining the tests this
document also describes specific formats for reporting the results of
the tests. This memo provides information for the Internet community.
Effects of plasma processing on the microstructural properties of silicon powders (1994)

The effects of plasma processing conditions on the microstructural properties of silicon powders are presented. Hydrogenated nanophase silicon powders were prepared using low-pressure and low-temperature square wave modulated RF plasma (13.56 MHz) using pure silane gas. Plasma parameters such as pressure, RF power, plasma modulation frequency, and gas flow rate were varied. In situ analysis by quadrupolar mass spectroscopy and ex situ analysis of the silicon powders by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermal desorption spectrometry of hydrogen were performed. The thermal desorption spectrometry results show the fundamental differences between the concentrations of hydrogen weakly and strongly bonded in silicon powders as compared to amorphous silicon films. The FTIR analysis also determined the microstructural characteristics of powders and hence their volume/surface ratio. This parameter was determined from the balance of Pj probabilities of having one of the Hj-Si-Si4-j bond arrangements in the powder particles. These results reveal an increase in hydrogen content and a reduction in volume/surface ratio as the modulation frequency of RF power increases. In consequence, higher compactness of silicon powders is associated with long particle residence times inside the plasma as a result of ion bombardment. TEM analysis indicated a considerable dispersion of particle size and some degree of structure of the silicon powder characterized by intergrain linkage. We point out the dominant presence of hydrogen on the particle surfaces (external voids), which may cause the high reactivity of grains, increasing the degree of intergrain linkage.
A Successful, Preventive-Oriented Village Health Worker Program in Hebron, The West Bank, 1985–1996 (1997)

Village health rooms (VHRs) were established in villages with no on-site health facilities in the Hebron District of the West Bank, beginning in 1985. By 1991, the program served a total population of 40,000 in 49 VHRs and by the end of 1996 covered 69 villages in Hebron and 20 in other districts that were previously served by visiting vaccination teams and nearby clinics. The VHRs provide close contact with the population of mothers for well child and pregnancy care, health education and provide visiting doctor/nurse teams for backup services and supervision. Data on coverage, utilization, costs, and outcome measures are presented. The program is accepted and grows despite adverse social and political conditions.
Myeloid Cell Derived IL1β Contributes to Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction (2023)

Our study demonstrated that a well-accepted model of HFpEF recapitulates features of pulmonary vascular remodeling commonly seen in patients with HFpEF, and we identified myeloid cell derived IL1β as an important contributor to PH in HFpEF.
Highly Compressible, Thermally Stable, Light-Weight, and Robust Aramid Nanofibers/Ti3AlC2 MXene Composite Aerogel for Sensitive Pressure Sensor (2020)

Various wearable aerogel sensors are emerging for their light weight, fairly wide sensing range, and sensitive sensing ability. Aramid nanofibers (ANFs) as a kind of burgeoning building blocks realize multifunctional applications in diversified fields for their innate extinguished mechanical property and thermal stability. Limited by their high insulating property, in this work ANFs were designed to integrate with a 2D emerging MXene sheet with a distinct conductive property. Herein, we report an MXene/ANFs composite aerogel through a feasible controllable vacuum filtration followed by a freeze-drying process. Benefiting from the inerratic 3D hierarchical and "mortar-brick" porous structure with an ultralow density of 25 mg/cm<sup>3</sup>, MXene/ANFs aerogels are proved to possess high compressible resilience and appealing sensing performance up to 1000 times. Importantly, verified by a series of simulation experiments, the MXene/ANFs aerogel sensor shows a wide detection range (2.0-80.0% compression strain), sensitive sensing property (128 kPa<sup>-1</sup>), and ultralow detection limit (100 Pa), which still play a flexible role in detecting human light movement and even vigorous sports after undergoing ultrahigh devastating pressures (∼623 kPa). In addition, the MXene/ANFs aerogel sensor can withstand a harsh high temperature of 200 °C and shows excellent flame resistance. The MXene/ANFs aerogel with excellent integrated property, especially the highly sensitive sensing property and excellent thermal stability, presents great potential for a human behavior monitoring sensor and sensing under certain extreme conditions.
Assessment of the utilization of different peroxide dispersion media on the controlled degradation of polypropylene (2012)

Abstract A two‐step investigation of polypropylene‐controlled degradation was performed. First the controlled degradation of polypropylene was investigated by assessing the effects of using dicumyl peroxide (DCP) and 2,5‐dimethyl‐2,5‐di(t‐butylperoxy) hexane (DHBP) in different suspensions (neat, calcium carbonate, and organically modified montmorillonite). The second part of this research was performed according to a factorial design at two levels (2 2 experimental design) with center point, in which peroxide concentration and reaction time were studied. Polypropylene degradation was assessed by melt flow rate (MFR) and parallel plate rheometry. Results showed that DCP presented higher molar efficiency in polypropylene degradation reactions in relation to DHBP; likely due to radical recombination reactions. The results also indicate that clay may catalyze the recombination reactions of polypropylene radicals. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2013
Supplemental Section - Clean from Phase I Study of PSMA-Targeted Docetaxel-Containing Nanoparticle BIND-014 in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Section for Resubmission - Clean Version&lt;/p&gt;
Bottom-Up Proteomics of Escherichia coli Using Dynamic pH Junction Preconcentration and Capillary Zone Electrophoresis-Electrospray Ionization-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (2014)

We report the use of the dynamic pH junction based capillary zone electrophoresis-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (CZE-ESI-MS/MS) for bottom-up proteomics with an electrokinetically pumped sheath-flow nanospray capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS) interface and both LTQ-XL and LTQ-Orbitrap-Velos mass spectrometers. Conventional injection of 20 nL of a 1 mg/mL BSA digest identified 37 peptides and produced 66% sequence coverage. In contrast, pH junction injection of 130 nL (or larger) of a 0.05 mg/mL BSA digest identified 40 peptides and produced 70% coverage using a pH 6.5 sample buffer and the LTQ. A 20 nL conventional injection of a 1 mg/mL Escherichia coli digest identified 508 peptides and 199 proteins with the LTQ. A 400 nL pH junction injection of a 0.1 mg/mL E. coli digest identified 527 peptides and 179 proteins with the LTQ. Triplicate technical replicates of a 0.01 mg/mL sample with 400-nL injection volume using a pH junction identified 288 ± 9 peptides and 121 ± 5 proteins with the LTQ. There was outstanding concordance in migration time between the pH junction and normal injection. The pH junction produced narrower peaks and significant concentration for all but the most acidic components in the sample. Compared with the conventional stacking method, the pH junction method can generate comparable performance for small injection volume (20 nL) and significantly better concentration performance for a large injection volume (200 nL). We also applied the pH junction to three intact standard proteins and observed a >10× increase in peak intensity compared to conventional injection.
Fano-resonant asymmetric metamaterials for ultra-sensitive spectroscopy and identification of molecular monolayers (2012)

Engineered optical metamaterials present a unique platform for biosensing applications owing to their ability to confine light to nanoscale regions and to their spectral selectivity. Infrared plasmonic metamaterials are especially attractive because their resonant response can be accurately tuned to that of the vibrational modes of the target bio-molecules. Here we introduce a novel infrared plasmonic surface based on Fano-resonant asymmetric metamaterial (FRAMM) exhibiting sharp resonances caused by the interference between sub-radiant and super-radiant plasmonic resonances. Owing to metamaterial’s asymmetry, the frequency of the sub-radiant resonance can be precisely determined and matched to the molecule’s vibrational fingerprints. A multi-pixel array of FRAMMs is used as a platform for multi-spectral biosensing of nanometer-scale monolayers of recognition proteins and their surface orientation, as well as for detecting chemical binding of target antibodies to recognition proteins.
Relay-Assisted ARQ in Wireless Ad-Hoc Networks (2008)

In this paper we study a simple protocol utilizing two-hop cooperative diversity augmented with "automatic repeat request" (ARQ) for multi-hop ad-hoc networks. This protocol, which we call relay-assisted ARQ (RARQ), requires minimal a priori knowledge of node positions and channel fading states. Although many variations of ARQ have been proposed and analyzed in the literature, applying both ARQ and cooperative diversity in a random environment raises issues and possibilities that have not been thoroughly investigated before. In contrast to most published work on cooperative diversity relaying, where the node positions or average channel characteristics are given as parameters, we study analytically and through simulations the expected system-wide benefit of RARQ in ad-hoc wireless networks, where the node locations follow a homogeneous Poisson point process and the channel fading states are random.
Amidines, isothioureas, and guanidines as nucleophilic catalysts (2012)

Over the last ten years there has been a huge increase in development and applications of organocatalysis in which the catalyst acts as a nucleophile. Amidines and guanidines are often only thought of as strong organic bases however, a number of small molecules containing basic functional groups have been shown to act as efficient nucleophilic catalysts. This tutorial review highlights the use of amidine, guanidine, and related isothiourea catalysts in organic synthesis, as well as the evidence for the nucleophilic nature of these catalysts. The most common application of these catalysts to date has been in acyl transfer reactions, although the application of these catalysts towards other reactions is an increasing area of interest. In this respect, amidine and guanidine derived catalysts have been shown to be effective in catalysing aldol reactions, Morita-Baylis-Hillman reactions, conjugate additions, carbonylations, methylations, silylations, and brominations.
Performance of traffic engineering methods in response to rapid changes of network state (2004)

A highly desirable feature of control plane technology is support for traffic engineering (TE), where traffic demands are efficiently assigned to network resources. This paper compares two major TE methods, crankback and QoS routing and their relative performance during rapid changes in network-state. The methods were evaluated in a distributed testbed using signalling (RSVP-TE with and without crank-back) and routing (OSPF and OSPF-TE) protocols. Our results show that the crankback method provides better call-blocking performance, close to the theoretical limit, than the QoS routing method regardless of the update frequency of the link state protocol. As such crankback is more capable of responding to sudden large network changes, including responding to high provisioning rates that occur in normal operation or as a result of restoration activity. The results obtained here are applicable to various connection-oriented technologies such as ATM, MPLS, SDH/SONET and optical networking and can also be implemented on different signalling and routing protocols.
Linear aspects of tomographic velocity analysis (1991)

Abstract Prestack velocity analysis in areas of complex structure is a coupled migration and transmission inversion problem that can be analyzed from a tomographic perspective. By making as few a priori assumptions about the solution as possible in parameterizing the inverse problem, generalized tomographic velocity analysis is applicable to a wide range of geologic cases. Constraints modify the method to the unique characteristics of each application.The ray trace/traveltime formulation for tomography, as proposed by Bishop et al. (1985), provides a conceptual tool for presenting features that are important to automated prestack velocity analysis in complex structure, such as (1) the coupling of the velocity field to the reflector positions, (2) the nonuniform coverage of the model by the data, (3) the ability to perform a controlled inversion of large matrices over a wide eigenvalue range, and (4) the implementation of constraints in the inversion. These features may impact other automated prestack velocity analysis methods for reflection seismology.
Effect of state feedback coupling on the transient performance of voltage source inverters with LC filter (2016)

State feedback coupling between the capacitor voltage and inductor current deteriorates notably the performance during transients of voltage and current regulators in stand-alone systems based on voltage source inverters. A decoupling technique is proposed, considering the limitations introduced by system delays. Laboratory experiments were executed in compliance with the normative for Uninterruptible Power Supply systems to prove the developed analysis.
3D Printed Silicones with Shape Memory (2017)

Direct ink writing enables the layer-by-layer manufacture of ordered, porous structures whose mechanical behavior is driven by architecture and material properties. Here, we incorporate two different gas filled microsphere pore formers to evaluate the effect of shell stiffness and T<sub>g</sub> on compressive behavior and compression set in siloxane matrix printed structures. The lower T<sub>g</sub> microsphere structures exhibit substantial compression set when heated near and above T<sub>g</sub>, with full structural recovery upon reheating without constraint. By contrast, the higher T<sub>g</sub> microsphere structures exhibit reduced compression set with no recovery upon reheating. Aside from their role in tuning the mechanical behavior of direct ink write structures, polymer microspheres are good candidates for shape memory elastomers requiring structural complexity, with potential applications toward tandem shape memory polymers.
Describing the molecular mechanism by which the A2 protein improves survival in mice with endotoxemia. (2018)

Von Willebrand factor (VWF) is an essential protein that mediates the platelet adhesion to the exposed subendothelium surface and significantly contributes to arterial thrombosis and stroke. Secreted VWF from the stimulated endothelium as long strings remain anchored to the surface of the endothelial cells and interact with circulating platelets, leading to vessel occlusion. We have shown that the isolated A2 domain of VWF (A2 protein) contains bind activity for the A1 domain, vimentin, and fibrin(ogen). In fact, as a result of those interactions, the A2 protein impairs platelet adhesion to VWF and fibrin(ogen), formation of VWF strings on the endothelium, and fibrin polymerization. The A2 protein was effective in preventing fibrin‐rich microvascular thrombosis and improving survival (100%) of mice with endotoxemia (LPS)‐induced disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Thus, a goal was to identify the binding sites of A1 domain, vimentin, and fibrin in the A2 protein and dissect the mode of action by which the A2 protein recuperates the sick animals. To determine the amino acid residues that are important in the recognition for vimentin, A1 and fibrin, I used the crystal structure of the A2 domain as a guide for point mutations. Two mutations, E1523A and E1567A were introduced in the A2 protein. The purified mutants were tested for their binding capacity for the ligands using ELISA. Moreover, the A2 mutants were tested in mice with endotoxemia (LPS). We are now demonstrating that E1523A mutation had a reduced binding affinity for Vimentin and A1 domain. Strikingly, E1567A and E1523A mutations significantly abolished the binding to fibrin(ogen). Importantly, both mutations failed to replicate the beneficial effect of the wild type A2 protein in improving survival of mice with LPS‐induced DIC. Together, these findings suggest that the A2 protein impairs microvascular thrombosis in mice with endotoxemia mainly via its interaction with fibrin. Support or Funding Information This research was supported by funding provided by the following NIH Diversity Supplement: R01GM112806‐0351. This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .
On-Demand Electrochemical Synthesis of copper(I) Triflate and Its Application in the Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols (2021)

&lt;p&gt;An on-demand electrochemical synthesis of copper(I) triflate under both batch and continuous flow conditions has been developed. A major benefit of the electrochemical methodology is that the only by-product of the reaction is hydrogen gas which obviates the need for work-up and purification, and water is not incorporated into the product. Upon completion of the electrochemical synthesis, solutions are directly transferred or dispensed into reaction mixtures for the catalytic oxidation of alcohols with no requirement for work-up or purification. &lt;/p&gt;