gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A rigorous model of reflex function indicates that position and force feedback are flexibly tuned to position and force tasks (2009)

This study aims to quantify the separate contributions of muscle force feedback, muscle spindle activity and co-contraction to the performance of voluntary tasks ("reduce the influence of perturbations on maintained force or position"). Most human motion control studies either isolate only one contributor, or assume that relevant reflexive feedback pathways during voluntary disturbance rejection tasks originate mainly from the muscle spindle. Human ankle-control experiments were performed, using three task instructions and three perturbation characteristics to evoke a wide range of responses to force perturbations. During position tasks, subjects (n = 10) resisted the perturbations, becoming more stiff than when being relaxed (i.e., the relax task). During force tasks, subjects were instructed to minimize force changes and actively gave way to imposed forces, thus becoming more compliant than during relax tasks. Subsequently, linear physiological models were fitted to the experimental data. Inhibitory, as well as excitatory force feedback, was needed to account for the full range of measured experimental behaviors. In conclusion, force feedback plays an important role in the studied motion control tasks (excitatory during position tasks and inhibitory during force tasks), implying that spindle-mediated feedback is not the only significant adaptive system that contributes to the maintenance of posture or force.
Effect of geometry and substituents on the electrochemical reduction of dibenzoylethylenes and dibenzoylcyclopropanes (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffect of geometry and substituents on the electrochemical reduction of dibenzoylethylenes and dibenzoylcyclopropanesWilliam F. Winecoff III, Frank L. O'Brien, and David W. Boykin Jr.Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1973, 38, 8, 1474–1478Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1973https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00948a007RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views45Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (670 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Altered Regional Homogeneity in Rolandic Epilepsy: A Resting-State fMRI Study (2014)

Children with rolandic epilepsy (RE) are often associated with cognitive deficits and behavioral problems. Findings from neurophysiological and neuroimaging studies in RE have now demonstrated dysfunction not only in rolandic focus, but also in distant neuronal circuits. Little is known, however, about whether there is distributed abnormal spontaneous brain activity in RE. Using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI), the present study aimed to determine whether children with RE show abnormal local synchronization during resting state and, if so, whether these changes could be associated with the behavioral/clinical characteristics of RE. Regional homogeneity (ReHo) in children with RE (n = 30) and healthy children (n = 20) was computed on resting-state functional MRI data. In comparison with healthy children, children with RE showed increased ReHo in the central, premotor, and prefrontal regions, while they showed decreased ReHo in bilateral orbitofrontal cortex and temporal pole. In addition, the ReHo value in the left orbitofrontal cortex negatively was corrected with performance intelligence quotient in the children with RE. The aberrant local synchronization, not strictly related to primary site of the typical rolandic focus, indicates the neuropathophysiological mechanism of RE. The study findings may shed new light on the understanding of neural correlation of neuropsychological deficiencies in the children with RE.
Developing and gaining acceptance for patient care protocols. (1998)

The purpose of developing protocols and guidelines is greater than reducing variation in practice. The process also creates new paradigms and changes the culture in which health care is delivered. The protocol itself is designed to be transient. The new environment and perceptions of how to improve health care in the future, along with new relationships and processes to accomplish this, are the real power of learning to develop and implement protocols and guidelines. Framing the process of protocol development, therefore, is more important than the resulting document. In developing protocols, attention to changing the thinking and practice of the front-line practitioners, establishing new relationships, and devising new methods of delivering and improving care is key. The process of developing protocols should include all practitioners. They should remain in control of patient care using new methods that allow: a) the monitoring of process and outcomes, b) identification of problems, and c) the evaluation and validation of the effectiveness of implemented change. Evidence from the literature of strategies for protocol development and implementation which are effective in creating change are reviewed, and an example of a known effective method which improves practice is given.
A novel dual boost rectifier for power factor improvement (2011)

This paper discuses the reduced high conduction loss and improved efficiency of the input rectifier-bridge of a conventional boost PFC converter. By designing the necessary techniques and methodology, the overall Power Factor (PF) can be improved to the expectation. The cause of having low PF for a diode-capacitor type of rectifiers is related to non-linearity of the input current. Method of re-shaping the input current waveform to be similar pattern as the sinusoidal input voltage is done by the Boost converter and the related controls that act as a Power Factor Correction (PFC) circuit. The results of the designed system were compared with the boost rectifier without PFC control. Higher efficiency can be achieved by using the bridgeless boost topology. In this paper, digital simulation of bridgeless PFC boost rectifiers, also called dual boost PFC rectifiers, is presented. Performance comparison between the conventional PFC boost rectifier and the bridgeless PFC boost rectifier is performed.
Characterization of Edge Cracks Using Near-Field Acoustic Displacement Amplitude (1983)

The vertical surface displacement produced by long-wavelength surface acoustic waves on a metal sample i s measured with a noncontacti ng a1 1 -fiberoptic interferometer. The probe is used to optically measure the reflection c oefficient of pulsed Rayleigh waves from an edge crack, eliminating the need to correct for transducer insertion loss, diffraction and attenuation. Next, by using a 1.5 MHz incident surface wave with a wavelength of 2 mn to examine a 150 deep long slot, the acoustic displacement profile in the near field of the slot is compared to static stress theory. Our experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical p redictions made by Steele and Yoo. Images of displacement fields have been obtained on samples with s lots, EDM notches and fatigue cracks. The location and size of the defects a re clearly shown in these images.
Cryptic speciation in Fusarium subglutinans. (2012)

Fusarium isolates that form part of the Gibberella fujikuroi species complex have been classified using either a morphological, biological, or phylogenetic species concept. Problems with the taxonomy of Fusarium species in this complex are mostly experienced when the morphological and biological species concepts are applied. The most consistent identifications are obtained with the phylogenetic species concept. Results from recent studies have presented an example of discordance between the biological and phylogenetic species concepts, where a group of F. subglutinans sensu stricto isolates, i.e., isolates belonging to mating population E of the G. fujikuroi complex, could be sub-divided into more than one phylogenetic lineage. The aim of this study was to determine whether this sub-division represented species divergence or intraspecific diversity in F. subglutinans. For this purpose, we included 29 F. subglutinans isolates belonging to the E-mating population that were collected from either maize or teosinte, from a wide geographic range. DNA sequence data for six nuclear regions in each of these isolates were obtained and used in phylogenetic concordance analyses. These analyses revealed the presence of two major groups representing cryptic species in F. subglutinans. These cryptic species were further sub-divided into a number of smaller groups that appear to be reproductively isolated in nature. This suggests not only that the existing F. subglutinans populations are in the process of divergence, but also that each of the resulting lineages are undergoing separation into distinct taxa. These divergences did not appear to be linked to geographic origin, host, or phenotypic characters such as morphology.
Stability Studies of New Caged bis‐deoxy‐coelenterazine Derivatives and Their Potential Use as Cellular pH Probes (2020)

The synthesis of new bis-deoxy-coelenterazine (1) derivatives bearing ester protective groups (acetate, propionate and butyrate esters) was accomplished. Moreover, their hydrolytic stability at room temperature was evaluated in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) as solvent, using the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of the key products at different time intervals. The results showed an increasing hydrolysis rate according to longest aliphatic chain, with a half-life of 24 days of the more stable acetate derivative (4a). Furthermore, the analysis of the experimental data revealed the greater stability of the enol tautomer in this aprotic polar solvent. This result was confirmed by theoretical calculations using the density functional theory (DFT) approach, which gave us the opportunity to propose a detailed decomposition mechanism. Additionally, the derivatives obtained were tested by bioluminescence luciferase assays to evaluate their potential use as extracellular pH-sensitive reporter substrates of luciferase. The biological data support the idea that further structural modifications of these molecules may open promising perspectives in this field of research.
Histamine secretion from human skin slices induced by anti‐IgE and artificial secretagogues and the effects of sodium cromoglycate and salbutamol (1985)

Human cutaneous mast cells show functional differences from their counterparts in other tissues. Following passive sensitization with 1% atopic serum for 30 min at 37 degrees C human skin slices released histamine after challenge with anti-human IgE in a concentration dependent manner. Maximum release of 14 +/- 2% was achieved with a 1/10 dilution of anti-IgE. Passive sensitization with 10% atopic serum increased the secretory response to anti-IgE but histamine release was only concentration related over the entire 1/1000 to 1/10 dilution range in half of the specimens studied, the remainder showing high dose tolerance to anti-IgE. Negligible histamine release occurred with anti-IgE challenge of slices which had not been passively sensitized. The histamine releasing ability of A23187 in human skin slices was similar to that observed in lung and adenoidal mast cells being concentration dependent over the range 0.1-3 microM with a maximum release of 25 +/- 3%. In contrast to human lung and adenoidal mast cells, poly-L-lysine and compound 48/80 induced histamine release from skin slices. Poly-L-lysine induced a concentration-dependent release of histamine over the range 0.01-10 microM with a maximum of 27 +/- 3%. The response to compound 48/80 was variable, releasing in some but not all specimens. Histamine release caused by anti-IgE, A23187 and poly-L-lysine was shown to be dependent upon extracellular calcium while release stimulated by compound 48/80 was calcium independent. The chemotactic peptide, formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine, over the range 0.01-10 microM failed to release histamine from skin slices.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Dissipative Kerr Solitons in a Bi-directional Optical Microresonator with Backscattering (2019)

We report numerical and theoretical results of dissipative Kerr solitons in bi-directional microring resonators in the presence of backscattering. Our results include original analytical model accurately describing linear and nonlinear cross-action of the counter-propagating waves.
Photoinduced Hydrogen Production from D-Maltose in the Presence of Chlorophyll <I>a</I> and Pt Colloid (2003)

A hydrogen production system, coupling D-maltose hydrolysis by glucoamylase and glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) and hydrogen production with Pt colloid catalyst using light-induced photosensitization of Mg chlorophyll a (Mg Chl-a), was developed. Hydrogen gas was continuously produced when the reaction mixture containing D-maltose, glucoamylase, GDH, nicotinamide adenine dinucreotide (NAD+), Mg Chl-a, methylviologen (MV2+) and Pt colloid was irradiated by visible light. The amount of hydrogen production was estimated to be 5.0 μmol after 4 h irradiation and the yield of conversion of D-maltose to hydrogen gas was about 1.8%. The quantum yield was 3.1%.
ONC201 selectively induces apoptosis in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma cells via activating pro-apoptotic integrated stress response and inactivating JAK/STAT and NF-κB pathways (2017)

Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs) are extremely symptomatic and still incurable, and more effective and less toxic therapies are urgently needed. ONC201, an imipridone compound, has shown efficacy in pre-clinical studies in multiple advanced cancers. This study was to evaluate the anti-tumor activity of ONC201 on CTCL cells. The effect of ONC201 on the cell growth and apoptosis were evaluated in CTCL cell lines (n=8) and primary CD4<sup>+</sup> malignant T cells isolated from CTCL patients (n=5). ONC201 showed a time-dependent cell growth inhibition in all treated cell lines with a concentration range of 1.25-10.0 μM. ONC201 also induced apoptosis in tested cells with a narrow concentration range of 2.5-10.0 μM, evidenced by increased Annexin V<sup>+</sup> cells, accompanied by accumulated sub-G1 portions. ONC201 only induced apoptosis in CD4<sup>+</sup> malignant T cells, not in normal CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells. The activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), a hallmark of integrated stress response, was upregulated in response to ONC201 whereas Akt was downregulated. In addition, molecules in JAK/STAT and NF-κB pathways, as well as IL-32β, were downregulated following ONC201 treatment. Thus, ONC201 exerts a potent and selective anti-tumor effect on CTCL cells. Its efficacy may involve activating integrated stress response through ATF4 and inactivating JAK/STAT and NF-κB pathways.
Toward a New Phase of Multilateral Security Cooperation in the Asia-Pacific Region: Limited Multilateralism or Issue-Based Regionalism (1997)

(1997). Toward a New Phase of Multilateral Security Cooperation in the Asia-Pacific Region: Limited Multilateralism or Issue-Based Regionalism. Korean Journal of Defense Analysis: Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 219-220.
TREND: Trust estimation system for wireless networks via multi-pronged detection (2015)

We describe a system developed for the DARPA Wireless Network Defense (WND) program for detecting attacks against the control plane at the link and network layers in a mobile ad hoc network. The goal of our system is for each node to independently assess the trustworthiness of other nodes in its neighborhood, and to disseminate these assessments to other nodes. We have developed a cross-layer invariant-based technique for detecting control plane attacks that exploits the readily observable nature of the wireless medium. Nodes listen to the transmissions of other nodes in their neighborhood and compare their observed behavior with expected behavior. Opinions formed by nodes are shared with other nodes and are combined at each node to form a consolidated opinion about other nodes in the network. We tested our approach in a realistic environment using a high fidelity ns-2 simulation of a 50-node scenario provided by ARL and running 802.11 and OLSR that included multiple subnets, realistic tactical traffic, wireless channels and ranges, propagation models, and variations of mobility. We injected a wide range of attacks and a varied number of attackers, with attacks that included a randomized and variable number of false advertisements for the above protocols as well as malicious forwarding behaviors with varying drop rates, with and without colluding attackers. Our results show that we exceeded all of the WND metrics, namely: (i) We achieved a detection rate of greater than 95% for all attacks; (ii) Probability of false alarms <;0.0005%; (iii) Additional network overhead due to reliability estimation <;1% of network capacity.
ChemInform Abstract: NEUROTROPIC AND PSYCHOTROPIC AGENTS PART 77, POTENTIAL METABOLITES OF CLOROTEPIN, 2‐ AND 3‐HYDROXY DERIVATIVES OF 8‐CHLORO‐10‐(4‐METHYL‐PIPERAZINO)‐10,11‐DIHYDRODIBENZO(B,F)THIEPIN AND THEIR METHYL ETHERS (1975)

Abstract Die Halogenbenzoesäuren (I) werden mit p‐Chlor‐thiophenol (II) zu den Sulfiden (III) kondensiert, die nach Reduktion und Behandlung mit SOCl 2 , in die Chloride (IV) übergeführt werden.
Integrated semiconductor fluorescent detection system for biochip and biomedical applications (2003)

As biological analysis systems scale to smaller dimensions, the realization of small and portable biosensors becomes increasingly important. We present the monolithic integration of vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, PIN photodetectors and optical emission filters to be used as a fluorescence sensor. The integration will drastically reduce cost and size of fluorescence detection systems. Also, parallel sensing architectures of more than one hundred channels will be possible. PIN heterostructure photodetectors have been fabricated and tested. Photodetector experiments show extremely low dark current of less than 500 fA/mm, quantum efficiency greater than 85 percent and linear detector response. Optical simulations have been preformed to evaluate the performance of a proximity sensing architecture. These simulations predict a detection sensitivity lower than 10000 fluorescent molecules in a detection area of 10/sup 4/ /spl mu/m/sup 2/.
Chemical modification of schizophyllan by introduction of a cationic charge into the side chain which enhances the thermal stability of schizophyllan–poly(C) complexes (2001)

Combining oxidation with periodate and reductive amination, the amino group is introduced only in the side chain of schizophyllan and the product can bind to poly(C) with a higher dissociation temperature than that of the unmodified schizophyllan and poly(C) complex.
Adaptive Grid Generation for Semiconductor Device Simulation (2005)

In general the inim grid neecls modification at some biases in order to meet an allowable amount of discretization error. After each nonlinear solve. the grid is adapted - locally refin4umfined - and the solution is recomputed, using the final grid at each condition as an iiiiual estimate for the next. The key ID implementing an robust and efficient scheme is the selection of a proper error indlicator. We have found for instance that the local truncation error (LTE) is extremely poor as it frequently misses the proper regions to refine. Comparison of results on a linearly doped diode before and after refinement using LE and any estimate based on the solution elm (figure 4) show that LTE does not achieve the expected h2 (4X) reduction in error, due to the fact that it is non-’zero only at the ends of the space-charge region and where l for the standard box method, we solve 3x3 linear systems for the coefficients of quadratic basis functions. We note that, since the usual ScharfetterCummel discretization does not quite fit into a Galierkin hierarchy. special cam must be taken with the continuity equations; see 141. The calculations are completely vector/parallel and are a negligible expense. The advantage of BW is illustrated by the Poisson solution to a reverse biased p+n &ode (figure 6). The actual error extends throughout the depletion region, whereas the BW estimate is only large in the vicinity of the junction. However, both lead to a 4X reduction in error after refinement, although the BW estimate adds 25X less gnd points. l?re key observation is that the actual solution error can be influenced in regions not needing refinement by errors made some distance away. Furthmore, the actual error is often extremely expensive to estimate. The remaining CMOS grids (figures 6-8) show selected results ol adaptive refinmentslunrefinements at points in IV continuation simulation [5]. Figure 6 cormponds to the off-state wllae a large potential barrier exists at the tub-substrate junction: refined regions extend upward along the right sidewall and across the trench. Figure 7. a bias point near triggering, has moved the grid to follow the barrier to the epi-subrstmte interface (Kirk effect) and has refined the tubtrench interface due to sharper band bending. Figure 8, a point in the on-state, has completely unrefined dd junctions due to high-level injection, and the resulting carrier plasma butts against the substrate: the large difference in tub potentials sets up a barrier on the right,, including a point of near singularity at the n+ tub contact The average number of gnd points required to trace the IV curve to 5OmV accuracy in poten~tials is ~1700 using full adaption, and the overhead versus knowing the actual grid a priori is about 50%. If a static grid wen to be used, more than 4OOO @d points would have been required, and even then the error indicator would be nect!sq to pply piace them. If the initial grid were always used, the extracted triggeriholding points would have been in mor by as much as 3096.
3,4,7-Trimethyl-2-(4-methylphenyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyridazin-5-ium thiocyanate (2010)

1,1'-[5-Methyl-1-(4-methyl-phen-yl)-1H-pyrazole-3,4-di-yl)di-ethan-one condenses with thio-semicarbazide in the presence of acetic acid to form the title salt, C(15)H(17)N(4) (+)·NCS(-). The fused-ring system of the cation is almost planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.020 Å) and the aromatic substituent is aligned at an angle of 48.2 (1)° with respect to the mean plane of the fused-ring system. The N atom at the 5-position is protonated and forms a N-H⋯N hydrogen bond to the thio-cyanate cointer-ion.