gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The 1,2-alternate conformation of calix[4]arenes: a rare conformation? Dynamic 1H NMR studies of flexible tetraalkylated calix[4]arenes (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe 1,2-alternate conformation of calix[4]arenes: a rare conformation? Dynamic 1H NMR studies of flexible tetraalkylated calix[4]arenesLeo C. Groenen, Jan Dirk Van Loon, Willem Verboom, Sybolt Harkema, Alessandro Casnati, Rocco Ungaro, Andrea Pochini, Franco Ugozzoli, and David N. ReinhoudtCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 7, 2385–2392Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00007a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00007a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views530Altmetric-Citations146LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Overexpression of AHL9 accelerates leaf senescence in Arabidopsis thaliana (2022)

Our investigation demonstrates that AHL9 functions in accelerating the leaf senescence process via ethylene synthesis or signalling.
Conversion from GaAs to GaAsP by Annealing a GaAs Layer on GaP in Ga-As-P Solution (1993)

A new liquid phase epitaxial (LPE) technique of preparing alloy layers of a desired composition lattice-mismatched with a substrate has been developed. A GaAs layer was grown on a GaP substrate through step cooling from 800°C to 795°C, followed by contact with Ga-As-P solution at a constant temperature of 795°C. This treatment led to a transformation in the composition of the grown GaAs to GaAsP. Thus a GaAsP layer with the composition of 0.65 GaAs mole fraction, which was not grown directly on GaP, could be prepared on GaP substrates.
High-Efficiency Ferroelectric-Film Solar Cells with an n-type Cu2O Cathode Buffer Layer (2012)

Because of the existence of interface Schottky barriers and depolarization electric field, ferroelectric films sandwiched between top and bottom electrodes are strongly expected to be used as a new kind of solar cells. However, the photocurrent with a typical order of μA/cm(2) is too low to be practical. Here we demonstrate that the insertion of an n-type cuprous oxide (Cu(2)O) layer between the Pb(Zr,Ti)O(3) (PZT) film and the cathode Pt contact in a ITO/PZT/Pt cell leads to the short-circuit photocurrent increasing 120-fold to 4.80 mA/cm(2) and power conversion efficiency increasing of 72-fold to 0.57% under AM1.5G (100 mW/cm(2)) illumination. Ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy and dark J-V characteristic show an ohmic contact on Pt/Cu(2)O, an n(+)-n heterojunction on Cu(2)O/PZT and a Schottky barrier on PZT/ITO, which provide a favorable energy level alignment for efficient electron-extraction on the cathode. Our work opens up a promising new method that has the potential for fulfilling cost-effective ferroelectric-film photovoltaic.
Monolithinierte Silylphosphane (1976)

Abstract Es wird eine einfache Methode zur Darstellung von (me 3 Si) 2 PLi · Ätheraten (me = CH 3 ) durch Spaltung von (me 3 Si) 3 P mit Lithiumbutyl angegeben. In Monoglym verläuft die Reaktion bei −40°C nach equation image In entsprechenden Äthern werden die kristallinen Addukte (me 3 Si) 2 PLi · 1 Triglym, (me 3 Si) 2 PLi · 2 THF gebildet. In weniger polaren wie Dioxan, Diäthyläther erfolgt die Spaltung nur langsam beim Erwärmen und in unpolaren wie Toluol, Pentan unterbleibt sie vollständig. (me 3 Si) 3 P wird in Monoglym von Li‐butyl bei −40°C, von Lime bei −20°C, von LiPHme und LiP(C 2 H 5 ) 2 bei 0°C unter Bildung von (me 3 Si) 2 PLi · 1 Monoglym gespalten. Durch Umsetzung von (me 3 Si) 2 PH mit Lithiumbutyl in Cyclopentan wird das ätherfreie (me 3 Si) 2 PLi zugänglich. Die Umsetzung von (me 3 Si) 2 PH mit Lime in (C 2 H 5 ) 2 O ermöglicht die Bildung von (me 3 Si) 2 PLi · 0,5 (C 2 H 5 ) 2 O bereits bei −40°C.
Effect of lighting reduction on an urban major route (1976)

In November 1974, approximately 130 lamps of 400 watt size were turned off along a major route in Clearwater, Florida. A study has been made of accidents along a 2 one-half -mile section of this route, for one year before and one year after the change.
Reactive Additives for Phenylethynyl-Containing Resins (2005)

Phenylethynyl-containing reactive additive (PERA) compounds and mixtures have been found to be useful for improving the processability of oligomers, polymers, co-oligomers, and copolymers that contain phenylethynyl groups. The additives can be incorporated in different forms: A solution of an amide acid or an imide of a PERA can be added to a solution of phenylethynyl-containing oligomer, polymer, co-oligomer, or copolymer; or An imide powder of a PERA can be mixed with a dry powder of a phenylethynyl-containing oligomer, polymer, co-oligomer, or copolymer. The effect of a given PERA on the processability and other properties of the resin system depends on whether the PERA is used in the amide acid or an imide form. With proper formulation, the PERA reduces the melt viscosity of the resin and thereby reduces the processing pressures needed to form the adhesive bonds, consolidate filled or unfilled moldings, or fabricate fiber-reinforced composite laminates. During thermal cure, a PERA reacts with itself as well as with the phenylethynyl-containing host resin and thereby becomes chemically incorporated into the resin system. The effects of the PERA on mechanical properties, relative to those of the host resin, depend on the amount of PERA used. Typically, the incorporation of the PERA results in (1) increases in the glass-transition temperature (Tg), modulus of elasticity, and parameters that characterize behavior under compression, and (2) greater retention of the aforementioned mechanical properties at elevated temperatures without (3) significant reduction of toughness or damage tolerance. Of the formulations tested thus far, the ones found to yield the best overall results were those for which the host resin was the amide acid form of a phenylethynyl-terminated imide (PETI) co-oligomer having a molecular weight of 5,000 g/mole [hence, designated PETI-5] and a PERA denoted as PERA-1. PETI-5 was made from 3,3',4'4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3,4'-oxydianiline (3,4'-ODA), 1,3-bis(3-aminophenoxy) benzene (1,3-APB), and 4-phenylethynylphthalic anhydride (PEPA). PERA-1 was made from 3,5-diamino- 4.-phenylethynylbenzophenon and equimolar amounts of phthalic anhydride and PEPA. To make PERA-1 in the imide form, the aforementioned ingredients were processed by refluxing in glacial acetic acid. To make the amide form of PERA-1, the ingredients were reacted in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) under nitrogen at a temperature of 23 C (see figure). On the basis of the processability and other properties, a blend comprising 20 weight percent of PERA-1 and 80 weight percent PETI-5 was selected for further evaluation. Relative to neat PETI-5, the blend exhibited an increase in Tg; improved processability; and comparable values of shear strength in adhesion to titanium panels, open-hole compressive properties, compression properties after impact, and resistance to microcracking.
RTP application and technology options for the sub-45 nm nodes (2005)

As device dimensions have reduced to nanometer length scales, rapid thermal processing (RTP) has emerged as the key approach for providing the low thermal budget and ultra-pure process conditions that are essential in advanced fabrication schemes. As further progress in electronic technology becomes increasingly dependent on success in rapid development cycles that include both materials innovations and changes in CMOS device architecture, RTP will play a major role in the story. RTP will contribute in gate-stack engineering, oxidation processes, ultra-shallow junctions, silicide formation, low-k dielectric annealing and in fundamental improvement of thin film properties. As device dimensions are controlled at the atomic scale, the concepts of thermal budget reduction will continue to drive the technology, with reductions in both process times and process temperatures combined with control of a very high purity process gas ambient. The thermal and ambient flexibility of RTP will become even more important as processes are developed and optimized for new gate dielectrics, high-mobility channel designs and metal gates combined with device architecture changes such as multiple-gate transistor designs. As the transistor channel length scales towards the ultimate limit imposed by atomic-scale fluctuations and quantum effects, the need for minimization of parasitic resistance and capacitance will become increasingly dominant in device performance. Here, the most critical requirements are to increase the concentrations of electrically active dopants without inducing excessive diffusion and to reduce contact resistances. These challenges will be met through innovation in RTP that addresses opportunities in materials engineering and in thermal cycle design. Further advances in silicon device technology will ultimately be limited by manufacturing costs. Pressure for manufacturing cycle-time reductions will mean that single-wafer processing technologies, including RTP, will continue to displace batch processing approaches. The final blow for the batch furnace will come from the transition to even larger wafer sizes, where the planar heating geometry inherent in RTP provides a natural fit to the wafer
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF URANIUM‐ANTIMONY OXIDE CATALYTS (1985)

Abstract ac‐ und dc‐ Leitfähigkeitsmessungen zeigen, daß die elektrische Leitfähigkeit in den Katalysatoren (vorherrschend USb 3 O 10 , daneben geringe Anteile an Sb 2 O 4 und USbO 5 ) in inerten Atmosphären (390‐775 K) sowohl mit Elektronen als auch mit geladenen atomaren Punktdefekten in Zusammenhang steht.
A preemptive priority model with two classes of customers (1971)

In this paper we propose a model for a service facility which caters to two types of customers. One motivation for this model is a trunk group which is used simultaneously for voice and data communication. We assume that primary customers receive preemptive priority service and leave the system without service if on arrival they find all servers busy with other primary customers. The facility has a queueing provision (buffer) for secondary customers who are served only when the facility is not fully occupied by primary customers. The motivation for this model is discussed. Numerical examples of the statistics of the content of the buffer are presented.
A higher dose of enzyme therapy in patients with classic infantile Pompe disease seems to improve ventilator-free survival and motor function (2013)

Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with Myozyme® has significantly improved the prospect for patients with classic infantile Pompe disease. Yet, about 50% of patients still do not survive ventilator-free beyond 2.5 years. In the present study we compared the safety and efficacy of treatment with 40 mg/kg/week to that of 20 mg/kg/ every other week (eow) in 10 infantile patients to determine if a higher/more frequent dose would improve outcomes. All patients were treated for at least one year and received the same dose throughout the study.
The determination of the absolute configurations of chiral molecules using vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectroscopy (2007)

The vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectra of the two enantiomers of a chiral molecule are of equal magnitude and opposite sign: i.e. mirror-image enantiomers give mirror-image VCD spectra. In principle, the absolute configuration (AC) of a chiral molecule can therefore be determined from its VCD spectrum. In practice, the determination of the AC of a chiral molecule from its experimental VCD spectrum requires a methodology which reliably predicts the VCD spectra of its enantiomers. The only reliable methodology developed to date uses the Stephens quantum-mechanical theory of the rotational strengths of fundamental vibrational transitions, developed in the early 1980s, implemented using ab initio density functional theory in the GAUSSIAN program in the mid 1990s. This methodology has by now been widely used in determining ACs from experimental VCD spectra. In this article we discuss the protocol for determining the ACs of chiral molecules with optimum reliability and its implementation for a variety of molecules, including the D3 symmetry perhydrotriphenylene, a thiazino-oxadiazolone recently shown to be a highly active calcium entry channel blocker, the alkaloid natural products schizozygine, iso-schizogaline, and iso-schizogamine, and the iridoid natural products plumericin, iso-plumericin, and prismatomerin. The power of VCD spectroscopy in determining ACs, even for large organic molecules and for substantially conformationally-flexible organic molecules is clearly documented.
Predicting sentinel node status in AJCC stage I/II primary cutaneous melanoma (2006)

By incorporating biologically based variables such as VGP, TIL, and MR along with thickness into a prognostic model, both patients at high risk and minimal risk for SLN positivity can be identified. If validated, this model can be used in patient management and trial design to select patients to undergo or be spared SLN biopsy.
Network based hybridization of the TLM and the TWF method (2009)

A combination of the transmission line matrix (TLM) method and the transverse wave formulation (TWF) method based on a diakoptics approach is presented for the efficient modeling of multiscale and multilayered planar structures. The formal similarities of TLM and TWF enable a direct diakoptics approach, partitioning the simulation domain into TLM and TWF subdomains. The TWF subdomain is completely characterized by its discrete Green's functions on all ports of the interface. The computational effort can be considerably reduced by using a connection subnetwork which performs a transformation from the pixel to the modal domain.
The Rhodium Catalysed Direct Conversion of Phenols to Primary Cyclohexylamines (2018)

Abstract Cyclohexylamines are important intermediates in chemical industry, which are currently produced from petrochemical sources. Phenols, however, are an attractive sustainable feedstock. We here demonstrate the transformation of phenols with ammonia to primary cyclohexylamines. In contrast to previously reported chemistry which used palladium catalysts, we here show that rhodium is an excellent catalyst for the formation of primary cyclohexylamines. Different parameters were studied and it was shown that the reaction is applicable to a scope of phenolic compounds providing high selectivity.
Retinylamine Benefits Early Diabetic Retinopathy in Mice (2015)

Recent evidence suggests an important role for outer retinal cells in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Here we investigated the effect of the visual cycle inhibitor retinylamine (Ret-NH2) on the development of early DR lesions. Wild-type (WT) C57BL/6J mice (male, 2 months old when diabetes was induced) were made diabetic with streptozotocin, and some were given Ret-NH2 once per week. Lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (LRAT)-deficient mice and P23H mutant mice were similarly studied. Mice were euthanized after 2 (WT and Lrat(-/-)) and 8 months (WT) of study to assess vascular histopathology, accumulation of albumin, visual function, and biochemical and physiological abnormalities in the retina. Non-retinal effects of Ret-NH2 were examined in leukocytes treated in vivo. Superoxide generation and expression of inflammatory proteins were significantly increased in retinas of mice diabetic for 2 or 8 months, and the number of degenerate retinal capillaries and accumulation of albumin in neural retina were significantly increased in mice diabetic for 8 months compared with nondiabetic controls. Administration of Ret-NH2 once per week inhibited capillary degeneration and accumulation of albumin in the neural retina, significantly reducing diabetes-induced retinal superoxide and expression of inflammatory proteins. Superoxide generation also was suppressed in Lrat(-/-) diabetic mice. Leukocytes isolated from diabetic mice treated with Ret-NH2 caused significantly less cytotoxicity to retinal endothelial cells ex vivo than did leukocytes from control diabetics. Administration of Ret-NH2 once per week significantly inhibited the pathogenesis of lesions characteristic of early DR in diabetic mice. The visual cycle constitutes a novel target for inhibition of DR.
Invariant Structure Learning for Better Generalization and Causal Explainability (2022)

Learning the causal structure behind data is invaluable for improving generalization and obtaining high-quality explanations. We propose a novel framework, Invariant Structure Learning (ISL), that is designed to improve causal structure discovery by utilizing generalization as an indication. ISL splits the data into different environments, and learns a structure that is invariant to the target across different environments by imposing a consistency constraint. An aggregation mechanism then selects the optimal classifier based on a graph structure that reflects the causal mechanisms in the data more accurately compared to the structures learnt from individual environments. Furthermore, we extend ISL to a self-supervised learning setting where accurate causal structure discovery does not rely on any labels. This self-supervised ISL utilizes invariant causality proposals by iteratively setting different nodes as targets. On synthetic and real-world datasets, we demonstrate that ISL accurately discovers the causal structure, outperforms alternative methods, and yields superior generalization for datasets with significant distribution shifts.
Traumatic Brain Injury by a Closed Head Injury Device Induces Cerebral Blood Flow Changes and Microhemorrhages (2015)

These results suggest that changes in cerebral blood flow and hemorrhagic lesions can persist for sub-acute periods after the initial traumatic insult in an animal model. In addition, microhemorrhages otherwise not seen by susceptibility-weighted imaging are present in diverse regions of the brain. The combination of altered cerebral blood flow and microhemorrhages can potentially be a source of secondary injury changes following traumatic brain injury and may need to be taken into consideration in the long-term care of these cases.
Monitoring apoptosis and Bcl‐2 on circulating tumor cells in patients with metastatic breast cancer (2013)

CTC apoptosis and expression of Bcl-2 can be analytically determined in patients with metastatic breast cancer and may have biological and clinical implications. Characterization of CTC for these and other markers could further increase the utility of CTC monitoring patients in clinical investigations of new anti-neoplastic agents.
Directed 1D Assembly of a Ring‐Shaped Inorganic Nanocluster Templated by an Organic Rigid‐Rod Molecule: An Inorganic/Organic Polypseudorotaxane (2008)

Facing up to matters: Template-assisted cofacial assembly of a ring-shaped polyoxomolybdate cluster (MC) by an oligomeric p-phenylenebutadiynylene rigid rod molecule bearing ammonium ion pendant groups (PBn) allowed for the formation of an inorganic/organic one-dimensional (1D) nanoobject. Studies indicate that the 1D object most likely has a polypseudorotaxane structure (see picture), in which multiple MC rings are threaded by the PBn rod.
Dynamic properties of magnetic colloidal particles and holes (1996)

EL PRINCIPAL OBJETIVO DE ESTA TESIS ES EL ESTUDIO DE SUSPENSIONES DE PARTICULAS FERROMAGNETICAS (FERROFLUIDOS), ASI COMO DE DOS TIPOS DE PARTICULAS, MAGNETICAS Y NO MAGNETICAS, EN UN FLUIDO VISCOSO EN CONDICIONES DE NO EQUILIBRIO. UN CAMPO MAGNETICO INFLUYE DECISIVAMENTE EN EL COMPORTAMIENTO DE ESTOS SISTEMAS, DANDO LUGAR A NUEVOS FENOMENOS QUE CONSTITUYEN LA BASE DE NUMEROSAS APLICACIONES PRACTICAS. ADEMAS EL EFECTO DEL CAMPO MAGNETICO DEPENDE DE LOS DIFERENTES PROCESOS DE RELAJACION QUE TIENEN LUGAR TANTO EN EL INTERIOR DE LAS PARTICULAS, CON RESPECTO A SUS EJES CRISTALOGRAFICOS, COMO FUERA DE ELLAS CON RESPECTO AL LIQUIDO VISCOSO. EN LA MEMORIA DESCRIBIMOS ESTOS PROCESOS Y CALCULAMOS LA DEPENDENCIA EN EL CAMPO Y EN LOS PARAMETROS QUE DESCRIBEN LAS PARTICULAS Y EL LIQUIDO DE ALGUNOS COEFICIENTES QUE CARACTERIZAN LAS PROPIEDADES REOLOGICAS, OPTICAS Y MAGNETICAS DE LA SUSPENSION. TAMBIEN ACOMETEMOS EL ESTUDIO DE LA DINAMICA DE PARTICULAS MICROMETRICAS NO MAGNETICAS (HUECOS MAGNETICOS) EN UN FERROFLUIDO. EN EL MOVIMIENTO DE LA PARTICULA Y PARTICULARMENTE EN SU ROTACION, ES CLARA LA INFLUENCIA DE LA ANISOTROPIA DEL MEDIO Y LA DEL CAMPO EXTERNO. LOS FENOMENOS DE AGREGACION ASOCIADOS A LA FALTA DE ESTABILIDAD EN ESTOS SISTEMAS (CINETICA Y REOLOGIA) SE ANALIZAN EN DIFERENTES PROBLEMAS DE INTERES.
Introduction to the JSTQE Issue on Nanobiophotonics (2019)

The papers in this special issue focus on nanobiophotonics. Nanobiophotonics is an emerging field of modern science and biomedical nanotechnology. This new field continues to vastly expend with state-of-the-art developments across the entire spectrum of biomedical applications ranging from fundamental studies of light-nanobiomaterial interactions to clinical diagnostics and therapeutics. In nanobiophotonics research areas, there has been great impetus recently for noninvasive imaging and sensing intracellular structures and functions as well as for obtaining quantitative information for light-tissue interactions at the cellular, intracellular and molecular level. The significant interest in these studies is determined by the unique advantages of nanobiophotonics techniques in terms of using non-ionizing radiation, providing noninvasive intracellular, cellular and tissue imaging and sensing in-vivo with ultrahigh resolution in the subwavelength nanoscale range (smaller than 100 nm).
Reactive oxygen species generation through NADH oxidation by pterin derivatives (2008)

Pterin is an electron transfer compound in biological systems. Among the analogs, 6-formylpterin (6FP) has been demonstrated to have many marked physiological and pharmacological activities. In previous study, we have elucidated that 6FP derivatives in which the 3-position is modified possess reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are involved in the modulation of a variety of cell functions, generation activities through the oxidation of NADH to NAD(+) in the dark at neutral pH. In the present study, we have demonstrated that the ROS generation activity by 6FP derivative is enhanced in the presence of 3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one. In this reaction, 3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one is reacted with the formyl group on the 6-position of 6FP derivative to give the activated product. The present results would be helpful for designing pharmaceutical ROS generation system in vivo.