gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of parking cruising behaviour and parking location choice (2020)

This paper explores car drivers’ cruising behaviour and location choice for curb parking in areas with insufficient parking space based on a survey of car drivers in Beijing, China. Preliminary analysis of the data show that car drivers’ cruising behaviour is closely related to their parking duration and parking location. A multinomial probit (MNP) model is used to analyse cruising behaviour and the results show that the closer to the destination car drivers are, the more likely they choose to park on the curb. The adjacent locations are the basis of car drivers’ sequential parking decisions at different locations. The research results provide a better understanding of cruising behaviour for parking and recommendations for reducing cruising for parking. The provision of parking information can help regulate the parking demand distribution.
Millimeter Wave Networked Wearables in Dense Indoor Environments (2016)

Supporting high data rate wireless connectivity among wearable devices in a dense indoor environment is challenging. This is primarily due to bandwidth scarcity when many users operate multiple devices simultaneously. The millimeter-wave (mmWave) band has the potential to address this bottleneck, thanks to more spectrum and less interference because of signal blockage at these frequencies. In this paper, we explain the potential and challenges associated with using mmWave for wearable networks. To provide a means for concrete analysis, we present a system model that admits easy analysis of dense, indoor mmWave wearable networks. We evaluate the performance of the system while considering the unique propagation features at mmWave frequencies, such as human body blockages and reflections from walls. One conclusion is that the non-isotropy of the surroundings relative to a reference user causes variations in system performance depending on the user location, body orientation, and density of the network. The impact of using antenna arrays is quantified through analytic closed-form expressions that incorporate antenna gain and directivity. It is shown that using directional antennas, positioning the transceiver devices appropriately, and orienting the human user body in certain directions depending on the user location result in gigabits-per-second achievable ergodic rates for mmWave wearable networks.
Carbon Dioxide Uptake by Mortars and Concretes Made with Portuguese Cements (2020)

As the cement industry continues to address its role in the climate crisis, Portugal’s cement industry has started to calculate its net CO2 emissions to become an entirely carbon neutral sector. These emissions are calculated by simply subtracting the total CO2 uptake due to mortar and concrete carbonation from the total CO2 that is emitted during the calcination process (clinker production). However, the procedures given in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Inventories to report GHG emissions do not contain any element that would grant this calculation method the status of an internationally recognized procedure. Therefore, some climate models are not accurate because they do not account for the carbon dioxide uptake due to concrete and mortar carbonation, as is evidenced in this paper. Climate models have improved since the IPCC’s Fourth Assessment Report (AR4), but they can further improve by implementing carbon dioxide uptake by cement-based materials. In the present paper, a quick and easy method of evaluating net CO2 emissions is utilized (simplified method) along with an advanced method. Portuguese net CO2 emissions of the cement produced from 2005 to 2015 were calculated while taking carbon dioxide uptake during the service-life and end-of-life and secondary usage stages into account. Following the simplified method, 8.7 million tons of carbon dioxide were found to be uptake by mortars and concretes made with Portuguese cement over the ten-year period, in which 37.8 million tons were released due to the calcination process. In addition, an advanced method has been used to estimate the carbon dioxide uptake, which provided only slightly higher results than that of the simplified method (9.1 million tons).
Bi-axially crumpled silver thin-film electrodes for dielectric elastomer actuators (2014)

Metal thin films, which have high-conductivity, are much stiffer and may fracture at a much lower strain than dielectric elastomers. In order to fabricate compliant electrodes for use in dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs), metal thin films have been formed into either zigzag patterns or corrugations, which favour bending and only allow uniaxial DEA deformations. However, biaxially compliant electrodes are desired in order to maximise generated forces of DEA. In this paper, we present crumpled metal thin-film electrodes that are biaxially compliant and have full area coverage over the dielectric elastomer. These crumpled metal thin-film electrodes are more stretchable than flat metal thin films: they remain conductive beyond 110% radial strain. Also, crumpling reduced the stiffening effect of metal thin films on the soft elastomer. As such, DEAs using crumpled metal thin-film electrodes managed to attain relatively high actuated area strains of up to 128% at 1.8 kV (102 Vm -1 ).
Interaction of Carbon Monoxide with Anatase Surfaces at High Temperatures:  Optimization of a Carbon Monoxide Sensor (1999)

Sensing the presence of particular gases in harsh environments, such as at high temperatures, poses challenges in the choice of materials as well as in measurements of the appropriate sensing-related property of the material. In this study, we examine the sensing of carbon monoxide (CO) in a nitrogen background at temperatures up to 600 °C using the anatase phase of TiO2 as the sensing material. In particular, the change in resistance of anatase is used to detect the presence of CO. Copper oxide (CuO) is added to anatase to increase the sensitivity toward CO detection. However, the presence of CuO led to partial transformation of anatase to rutile at temperatures of 800 °C used for bonding the sensor material to the sensing platform. By adding La2O3 to the CuO/anatase, the anatase phase is maintained under all thermal treatments. Diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy is used to examine the mechanism of CO oxidation. Interaction of lanthanum with the anatase increased the reactivity of the anatase surface toward CO. In addition, the presence of CuO led to increased adsorption of CO as well as enhanced desorption of CO2, explaining the enhancement of the sensitivity of the CuO-containing anatase toward sensing of CO. Electron microscopy has provided information on the microstructure of the sensor material. An effective medium approximation theory is used to model the observed resistivity data over the temperature range 400−600 °C. The energies of adsorption of CO and the reaction of CO with adsorbed oxygen to form CO2 are extracted. These values are consistent with the role of CuO acting as a catalyst. This study demonstrates that anatase doped with lanthanum along with the presence of surface/CuO is an effective sensor for CO at temperatures as high as 600 °C.
Actinide complexes of the calixarenes. Part 1. Syntheses and crystal structures of bis(homo-oxa)-p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene and its uranyl ion complex (1991)

Interaction of the uranyl ion with the potentially quinquedentate calixarene bis(homo-oxa)-p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene, C45H58O5(H4L), in the presence of amine bases results in the formation of the red-brown, anionic complex [UO2(L)]2–. Crystal-structure determinations of the hydrated triethylammonium salt of this complex [monoclinic, space group C2/c(C2h6, no. 15), a= 29.81(2), b= 16.653(7), c= 26.38(2)Å, β= 115.47(4)°, Z= 8, R= 0.049 for 6608 ‘observed’ reflections] and of the dimethylformamide adduct of the free ligand [monolinic, space group P21/m(C2h2, no. 11), a= 9.701(1), b= 25.108(9), c= 9.230(3)Å, β= 95.97(2)°, Z= 2, R= 0.067 for 1749 ‘observed’ reflections] show that the ligand adopts a very similar ‘cone’ conformation in both instances, and that the uranium–ligand interaction is primarily through the four phenoxide donor atoms, with only a remote (and presumably weak) contact between the uranium and ether-oxygen atoms. One of the triethylammonium counter cations is included within the cone of the co-ordinated ligand in a very similar way to the inclusion of dimethylformamide by the free ligand, and 1H NMR spectroscopy indicates that this inclusion persists in solution. Uranyl ion luminescence is quenched completely in solutions of the complex at room temperature.
Superconducting Switching Amplifiers for High Speed Digital Data Links (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> In a superconductor digital-RF transmitter, the power amplifier chain can be implemented in hybrid temperature, hybrid technology environment, where the superconductor switching amplifier forms the first stage of the amplification chain. We have designed several flavors of SQUID based switching amplifiers, each targeted for different power output and speed. One of the amplifiers is a differential amplifier featuring dynamic equalization. To minimize the intersymbol interference, the amplifier employs a pre-emphasis technique, thereby compensating for the bandwidth limitations of the channel. The differential output voltage of this amplifier is 16 mV at low speed (200 Mbps), which rolls off to 2 mV at 16 Gbps data rate, for an “1100” pattern (no consecutive transitions on the input data sequence). For high speed operation of the SQUID amplifiers, simultaneous switching of SQUIDs is desired to reduce the output rise and fall times. Hence, in another amplifier design, called the Differential H-Tree Amplifier, the SQUIDs are arranged in an “H-tree” structure, to equalize the propagation delay of the control signal to each SQUID. The amplifier's differential output voltage is 8 mV at low speed (200 Mbps), and rolls off to 2 mV at 10 Gbps data rate. A third type of amplifier is a differential SFQ-to-DC amplifier; it consists of a pair of synchronously driven SFQ-to-DC converters that produce complementary positive and negative voltage waveforms respectively. The differential output voltage of this amplifier is 0.8 mV, and it can be operated at very high speeds. Moreover, the complexity of this amplifier enables it to be yielded in higher critical current density process. Both, the speed and the output voltage scale as the square root of the process critical current density. </para>
Human embryonic stem cells for brain repair? (2007)

Cell therapy has been perceived as the main or ultimate goal of human embryonic stem (ES) cell research. Where are we now and how are we going to get there? There has been rapid success in devising in vitro protocols for differentiating human ES cells to neuroepithelial cells. Progress has also been made to guide these neural precursors further to more specialized neural cells such as spinal motor neurons and dopamine-producing neurons. However, some of the in vitro produced neuronal types such as dopamine neurons do not possess all the phenotypes of their in vivo counterparts, which may contribute to the limited success of these cells in repairing injured or diseased brain and spinal cord in animal models. Hence, efficient generation of neural subtypes with correct phenotypes remains a challenge, although major hurdles still lie ahead in applying the human ES cell-derived neural cells clinically. We propose that careful studies on neural differentiation from human ES cells may provide more immediate answers to clinically relevant problems, such as drug discovery, mechanisms of disease and stimulation of endogenous stem cells.
Natural Convection Flow in a Cubical Enclosure with a Heated Strip (2008)

DOI: 10.2514/1.36648 Natural convection flow in a cubical enclosure with a heated strip is solved numerically using the finite element method. The heated strip simulates an array of electronic chips. The heated strip is attached to the front wall and maintained at high temperature, and the entire opposite wall is maintained at low temperature. The Rayleigh numbers of 10 4 ,1 0 5 , and 10 6 are considered in the analysis and the heated strip is either vertically or horizontally attachedtothewall.Theresultsindicatethattheheattransferstronglydependsontheorientationandpositionofthe heated strip. The maximum Nusselt number for the horizontal heated-strip configuration can be achieved if the heater is placed at the lower half of the wall, whereas for the vertical heated-strip case, the maximum Nusselt occurs whenthe heated stripis placed inthe middle of the wall. Increasing the Rayleigh number significantlyincreases heat transfer in the enclosure for the examined case studies.
Coreless printed circuit board (PCB) transformers for power MOSFET/IGBT gate drive circuits (1999)

Gate drive circuits for modern power electronic switches, such as MOSFET and insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT), often require electrical isolation. This paper describes the modeling and experimental results of some coreless printed circuit board (PCB)-based transformers that can be used for MOSFET and IGBT devices at high-frequency (500 kHz to 2 MHz) operation. PCB-based transformers do not require the manual winding procedure and thus simplify the manufacturing process of transformer-isolated gate drive circuits. With no core loss, coreless transformers are found to have favorable characteristics at high-frequency operations. This project demonstrates an important point that the size of the magnetic core can approach zero and become zero when the frequency is sufficiently high.
An 8‐year follow‐up of anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor treatment with a treat‐and‐extend modality for neovascular age‐related macular degeneration (2017)

In an everyday clinical setting, treatment of nAMD patients with a treat-and-extend modality provided improvement and stability of vision for several years. After 8 years of follow-up, there was a decline in visual acuity (VA) that could be explained by macular atrophic development.
Glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms in MS (2000)

Our results suggest that long-term prognosis in MS is influenced by a genetically determined ability to remove the toxic products of oxidative stress.
Purification and characterization of the major β‐1,4‐endoglucanase from Thermomonospora curvata (1995)

The major beta-1,4-endoglucanase (EG) of the thermophilic actinomycete, Thermomonospora curvata, contributed over 80% of the total EG activity recovered from cell-free culture fluid after growth on cellulose. The enzyme was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity by ammonium sulphate precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography and size exclusion HPLC. This monomeric enzyme had a specific activity of 750 IU mg(-1) when assayed with 2.5% (w/v) carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) at 70 degrees C, pH 6.0. Highest activity was observed on CMC with a degree of polymerization of 3200. The EG was stable for 48 h at 60 degrees C, pH 6.0 and had a half-life of 30 min at 80 degrees C; temperature and pH optima were 70-73 degrees C and 6.0-6.5, respectively. The mol. wt was 100,000 and the pI was 4.0. The Km and Vmax values were 7.33 mg/ml(-1) and 833 microns min(-1), respectively. EG activity was inhibited by Fe(2+), Hg(2+), Ag(+) and Pb(2+), and enhanced by dithiothreitol and Zn(2+). The first 12 amino acid residues at the N-terminus were: Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-Glu-Ile-Arg-Asn-Gly-Asp-Phe-Ser. Glutamic and aspartic acid constituted 24% of the total amino acid composition; no amino sugar was found.
NIMG-37. JOINT LEARNING OF IMAGING AND GENOMIC DATA REVEALS DISTINCT GLIOBLASTOMA SUBTYPES (2022)

Abstract PURPOSE The significant heterogeneity of glioblastoma is typically displayed on both phenotypical and molecular levels. Non-invasive in vivo approaches to characterize this heterogeneity would potentially facilitate personalized therapies. Here we leverage advanced unsupervised machine learning to integrate radiomic imaging features and genomics to identify distinct subtypes of glioblastoma. METHODS A retrospective cohort of 571 IDH-wildtype glioblastoma patients were collected with pre-operative multi-parametric MRI (T1, T1CE, T2, T2-FLAIR, DSC, DTI) scans (available in 462/571 patients) and targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) data (available in 355/571 patients). Radiomic features (n= 971) were extracted from these MRI scans and a subset of 12 features were selected by L21-norm minimization. A total of 14 key driver genes in the 5 main pathways that are most frequently altered in glioblastoma were chosen. Subtypes were identified by a joint learning approach called Anchor-based Partial Multi-modal Clustering (APMC) on both radiomic and genomic modalities. RESULTS Three distinct glioblastoma subtypes were discovered by APMC based on 14-dimension NGS data together with 12 selected radiomic features representing characteristics from histograms, shape, and volumetric measures for different tumor sub-regions. The identified subtypes were 1) high-risk; 2) medium-risk; and 3) low-risk, in terms of their overall survival outcome in Kaplan-Meier analysis (p= 5.52e-6, log-rank test; HR= 1.51, 95%CI:1.20-1.74, Cox proportional hazard model). The three subtypes also displayed different molecular characteristics: subtype 1 exhibited increased frequency of mutation in [EGFR, PIK3CA, PTEN, NF1], subtype 3 showed frequently mutated [PDGFRA, ATRX], while subtype 2 did not show significant differences for mutations in any of these genes. CONCLUSION Our results revealed the synergistic value of integrated radiomic signatures and molecular characteristics for glioblastoma subtyping. Joint learning on both modalities could help better understand the molecular basis of phenotypical signatures of glioblastoma and further provide insights into the biologic underpinnings of tumor formation and progression.
Eutectic Pb/Sn solder bump and under bump metallurgy interfacial reactions and adhesion (2002)

In flip chip interconnection on organic substrates using eutectic Pb/Sn solder bumps, a highly reliable under bump metallurgy (UBM) is required to maintain adhesion and solder wettability. Various UBM systems such as 1 /spl mu/m Al/0.2 /spl mu/m Ti/5 /spl mu/m Cu, 1 /spl mu/m Al/O.2 /spl mu/m Ti/1 /spl mu/m Cu, 1 /spl mu/m Al/0.2 /spl mu/m Ni/1 /spl mu/m Cu and 1 /spl mu/m Al/0.2 /spl mu/m Pd/1 /spl mu/m Cu, laid under eutectic Pb/Sn solder, have been investigated with regard to their interfacial reactions and adhesion properties. The effects of the number of solder reflow cycles and the aging time on the growth of intermetallic compounds (IMCs) and on the solder ball shear strength were investigated. Good ball shear strength was obtained with 1 /spl mu/m Al/0.2 /spl mu/m Ti/5 /spl mu/m Cu and 1 /spl mu/m Al/0.2 /spl mu/m Ni/1 /spl mu/m Cu even after 4 solder reflows or 7 day aging at 150/spl deg/C. In contrast, 1 /spl mu/m Al/0.2 /spl mu/m Ti/1 /spl mu/m Cu and 1 /spl mu/m Al/0.2 /spl mu/m Pd/1 /spl mu/m Cu showed poor ball shear strength. The decrease of the shear strength was mainly due to the direct contact between solder and nonwettable metals such as Ti and Al, resulting in a delamination. In this case, thin 1 /spl mu/m Cu and 0.2 /spl mu/m Pd diffusion barrier layers were completely consumed by Cu-Sn and Pd-Sn reaction
Dr.Nod: computational framework for discovery of regulatory non-coding drivers in tissue-matched distal regulatory elements (2023)

The discovery of cancer driver mutations is a fundamental goal in cancer research. While many cancer driver mutations have been discovered in the protein-coding genome, research into potential cancer drivers in the non-coding regions showed limited success so far. Here, we present a novel comprehensive framework Dr.Nod for detection of non-coding cis-regulatory candidate driver mutations that are associated with dysregulated gene expression using tissue-matched enhancer-gene annotations. Applying the framework to data from over 1500 tumours across eight tissues revealed a 4.4-fold enrichment of candidate driver mutations in regulatory regions of known cancer driver genes. An overarching conclusion that emerges is that the non-coding driver mutations contribute to cancer by significantly altering transcription factor binding sites, leading to upregulation of tissue-matched oncogenes and down-regulation of tumour-suppressor genes. Interestingly, more than half of the detected cancer-promoting non-coding regulatory driver mutations are over 20 kb distant from the cancer-associated genes they regulate. Our results show the importance of tissue-matched enhancer-gene maps, functional impact of mutations, and complex background mutagenesis model for the prediction of non-coding regulatory drivers. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that non-coding mutations in enhancers play a previously underappreciated role in cancer and dysregulation of clinically relevant target genes.
Metabolic syndrome criteria and severity and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in an adult population (2023)

ISRCTN, ISRCTN89898870 . Registered 05 September 2013.
Platelet neuropeptide Y in spontaneously hypertensive rats (1992)

That the platelet content of NPY in SHR (and stroke-prone SHR) was higher than that in WKY rats seems to be an important genetic characteristic of SHR. As NPY is a potent vasoconstrictor, it may be involved in the progression of vascular lesions.
Concurrent Programming (1992)

This textbook is designed as a first book on concurrent programming for computer science undergraduates, and provides a comprehensive introduction to the problems of concurrency. Concurrency is of vital importance in many areas of computer science, particularly in operating systems. It is also increasingly being taught in undergraduate courses. The book builds on the student's familiarity with sequential programming in a high level language, which will make it very accessible to computer science students. The book is concerned mainly with the high level aspects of concurrency, which will be equally applicable to traditional time sliced or more recent truly parallel systems.