gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Scheduling optimization for resource-intensive Web requests on server clusters (1999)

Clustering support with a single-system image for large-scale Web servers is important to improve the system scalability in processing a large number of concurrent requests from Internet, especially when those requests involve resource-intensive dynamic content generation. This paper proposes scheduling optimization for a Web server cluster with a master/slave architecture which separates static and dynamic content processing. Our experimental results show that the proposed optimization using reservation-based scheduling can produce up to a 68% performance improvement.
Statistical correlations between GLC assay and smaller European elm bark beetle bioassay (1973)

American elm trees, Ulmus americana L., were sprayed with methoxychlor by helicopter or mist blower, and twig crotches were collected from sprayed trees for bioassay of Scolytus multistriatus (Marsham) and GLC assay. Correlations established between the 2 assays were dependent on method of application and amount of methoxychlor residue. Correlations were low and variable for helicopter-sprayed trees and high and uniform for mist-blower-sprayed trees.
A review of mobile services research: Research gaps and suggestions for future research on mobile apps (2015)

The working paper starts with an overview of the growth in research on mobile services. Based on\nthe increase in the research on mobile services the last few years, the fact that the last general\nreview article on mobile services we identified was published in 2010, and the change to more appbased\nmobile services, we argue for the importance of conducting a review to identify gaps in the\nliterature that should be guiding future research on mobile services. The methodology applied to\nidentify articles for the review is described along with an overview of the journals from which the\narticles are selected. The main categorization of the articles includes conceptual, qualitative, and\nquantitative contributions.\nThe analysis starts with a description of the mobile services studied within each of the main\ncategories of the articles. The analysis shows that articles sometimes operate with rather generic\ndescriptions of the mobile service category studied – e.g. mobile commerce, mobile marketing,\nmobile data services, etc. The next part of the analysis is a review of the main topics studied in the\narticles. The conceptual articles typically focus 1) definitions, opportunities and challenges of mobile\nservices, 2) description of success criteria, 3) implications of mobile services, and 4) description and\ndiscussion of system design and modelling processes. The main focus of the qualitative studies is on\nsuccess criteria. Also, a few articles look into issues of business models and system design and\nmodelling processes. The quantitative studies constitute the largest category of articles. A lot of\nthese studies look into success criteria – and a large part of this topic is covered by adoption studies\nfocusing antecedents of successful adoption of various mobile services. It is an interesting\nobservation that surveys seem to be the dominating methodological design in the quantitative\nstudies. Based on the review, the main gaps identified are 1) only a few studies look into app-based mobile\nservices. This seems reasonable as app-based mobile services are a rather novel type of mobile\nservices, but it is still worrying due to the apparent success of these services. 2) Only a few studies\nlook into effects of using mobile services, and when compared to the large amount of adoption\nstudies, this is emphasized as an interesting path for future research. 3) Only a few studies seem to\nfocus on mobile services developed for specific contexts. A few exceptions are, for example, two\nstudies investigating in-store mobile services – mobile services tailored to support the shopping\nexperience in a specific store. We see this as an interesting direction for future research as we also\nexpect a growth in such types of mobile services in the years to come. 4) We also observe that a\nrather small part of the studies are applying experiments as the methodological design. To improve the validity of mobile services research, we argue for the importance of applying more experiment\nbased research designs.
Structural Understanding of the Glutathione-dependent Reduction Mechanism of Glutathionyl-Hydroquinone Reductases (2012)

Glutathionyl-hydroquinone reductases (GS- HQRs) are a newly identified group of glutathione transferases, and they are widely distributed in bacteria, halobacteria, fungi, and plants. GS-HQRs catalyze glutathione (GSH)-dependent reduction of glutathionyl-hydroquinones (GS-hydroquinones) to hydroquinones. GS-hydroquinones can be spontaneously formed from benzoquinones reacting with reduced GSH via Michael addition, and GS-HQRs convert the conjugates to hydroquinones. In this report we have determined the structures of two bacterial GS-HQRs, PcpF of Sphingobium chlorophenolicum and YqjG of Escherichia coli. The two structures and the previously reported structure of a fungal GS-HQR shared many features and displayed complete conservation for all the critical residues. Furthermore, we obtained the binary complex structures with GS-menadione, which in its reduced form, GS-menadiol, is a substrate. The structure revealed a large H-site that could accommodate various substituted hydroquinones and a hydrogen network of three Tyr residues that could provide the proton for reductive deglutathionylation. Mutation of the Tyr residues and the position of two GSH molecules confirmed the proposed mechanism of GS-HQRs. The conservation of GS-HQRs across bacteria, halobacteria, fungi, and plants potentiates the physiological role of these enzymes in quinone metabolism.
A 3-GHz Profiler for Precipitating Cloud Studies (1999)

A 3-GHz profiler has been developed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Aeronomy Laboratory to observe the evolution and vertical structure of precipitating cloud systems. The profiler is very portable, robust, and relatively inexpensive, so that continuous, unattended observations of overhead precipitation can be obtained, even at remote locations. The new profiler is a vertically looking Doppler radar that operates at S band, a commonly used band for scanning weather radars (e.g., WSR-88D). The profiler has many features in common with the 915-MHz profiler developed at the Aeronomy Laboratory during the past decade primarily for measurement of lower-tropospheric winds in the Tropics. This paper presents a description of the new profiler and evaluates it in the field in Illinois and Australia in comparison with UHF lower-tropospheric profilers. In Illinois, the new profiler was evaluated alongside a collocated 915-MHz profiler at the Flatland Atmospheric Observatory. In Australia it was evaluated alongside a 920-MHz profiler during the Maritime Continent Thunderstorm Experiment. The results from these campaigns confirm the approximate 20-dB improvement in sensitivity, as expected for Rayleigh scatter. The results show that the new profiler provides a substantial improvement in the ability to observe deep cloud systems in comparison with the 915-MHz profilers.
Immunodeficiency with Autoimmunity: Beyond the Paradox (2013)

EDITORIAL article Front. Immunol., 12 April 2013Sec. Primary Immunodeficiencies Volume 4 - 2013 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2013.00077
Towards Analytics Aware Ontology Based Access to Static and Streaming Data (Extended Version) (2016)

Real-time analytics that requires integration and aggregation of heterogeneous and distributed streaming and static data is a typical task in many industrial scenarios such as diagnostics of turbines in Siemens. OBDA approach has a great potential to facilitate such tasks; however, it has a number of limitations in dealing with analytics that restrict its use in important industrial applications. Based on our experience with Siemens, we argue that in order to overcome those limitations OBDA should be extended and become analytics, source, and cost aware. In this work we propose such an extension. In particular, we propose an ontology, mapping, and query language for OBDA, where aggregate and other analytical functions are first class citizens. Moreover, we develop query optimisation techniques that allow to efficiently process analytical tasks over static and streaming data. We implement our approach in a system and evaluate our system with Siemens turbine data.
End-to-End Inverse Design for Inverse Scattering via Freeform Metastructures (2020)

By co-designing a meta-optical frontend in conjunction with image processing backend, we demonstrate noise-robust subwavelength reconstruction of an image superior to an optics-only or computation-only approach. Our end-to-end inverse design couples the solution of the full Maxwell equations---exploiting all aspects of wave physics arising in subwavelength scatterers---with inverse-scattering algorithms in a single large-scale optimization involving $\gtrsim 10^4$ degrees of freedom. The resulting structures scatter light in a way that is radically different from either a conventional lens or a random microstructure, and suppress the noise sensitivity of the inverse-scattering computation by several orders of magnitude.
Automatic Inference of Semantic Deep Structure Rules in Generative Semantic Grammars. (1973)

Techniques and methodology for the automatic inference of semantic deep structure rules in generative semantic grammars. The key conceptual devices include a representation of semantic deep structure in the notation of a 4-dimensional network with properties of at least the 2nd-order predicate&#13;\ncalculus, and also in the notation of a compiler-driven behavioral simulation&#13;\nlanguage that describes and modifies the linguistic and extra-linguistic&#13;\nconceptual universe of speakers. The system is able to make grammatical-semantic&#13;\ninferences within the frameworks of all current generative semantic linguistic models, including the case grammar of Fillmore, the presuppositional model of Lakoff, and the 1972 semantic theory of Katz.
Layer-by-layer assembly and intercalation reactions of iron(III) and iron(II) alkanebisphosphonates on gold surfaces (1996)

D. L. Feldheim and T. E. Mallouk, Chem. Commun., 1996, 2591 DOI: 10.1039/CC9960002591
Framework and proofs for synthesis of least restrictive controllable supervisors for extended finite-state machines with variable abstraction (2018)

This working paper presents an algorithm that combines modular synthesis for extended finite-state machines (EFSM) with abstraction of variables by symbolic manipulation, in order to compute least restrictive controllable supervisors. Given a modular EFSM system consisting of several components, the proposed algorithm synthesises a separate supervisor for each specification component. To synthesise each supervisor, the algorithm iteratively selects components (plants and variables) from a synchronous composition until a least restrictive controllable solution is obtained. This improves on previous results of the authors where abstraction is only performed by the selection of components and not variables. The working paper explains the theory of EFSM synthesis and abstraction and includes formal proofs of all results. An example of a flexible manufacturing system illustrates how the proposed algorithm works to compute a modular supervisor.
Adaptive piezoelectric shunt damping (2003)

Piezoelectric shunt damping systems reduce structural vibration by shunting an attached piezoelectric transducer with an electrical impedance. Current impedance designs result in a coupled electrical resonance at the target modal frequencies. In practical situations, variation in structural load or environmental conditions can result in significant changes in the structural resonance frequencies. This variation can severely reduce shunt damping performance as the electrical impedance remains tuned to the nominal resonance frequencies. This paper introduces a method for online adaptation of the shunting impedance. A reconstructed estimate of the RMS strain is minimized by varying the component values of a synthetic shunt damping circuit. The techniques presented are applied in real time to tune the component values of a randomly excited beam.
Effects of dual spectral sources on the curing of polyimide films by rapid isothermal processing (1994)

There are fundamental differences between conventional furnace processing (CFP) and rapid isothermal processing (RIP). The radiation spectrum of a conventional furnace consists of photons in the infrared and longer wavelength regions, whereas the spectrum of the incoherent light sources used in RIP consists of some UV, visible, and infrared photons. As compared to CFP, the photophysical and photochemical effects associated with RIP provide the capability of lower temperature processing. However, a further reduction in processing temperature can be achieved by the use of vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) and UV light sources in conjunction with a single spectral source RIP. We provide experimental results for the dual spectral source curing of polyimide dielectric films. Our findings indicate that simultaneous exposure of polyimide samples to both VUV and conventional RIP sources during processing cured the polyimide more rapidly and at lower temperatures than did single spectral source RIP alone. These results may be of great importance for the RIP of the future generation of semiconductor devices.
Metformin Sensitizes Leukemic Cells to Cytotoxic Lymphocytes by Increasing Expression of Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1) (2021)

Abstract Solid tumor cells have an altered metabolism that can protect them from cytotoxic lymphocytes. The antidiabetic drug metformin modifies tumor cell metabolism and several clinical trials are testing its effectiveness for the treatment of solid cancers. The use of metformin in hematologic cancers has received much less attention, although allogeneic cytotoxic lymphocytes are very effective against these tumors. We show here that metformin induces expression of Natural Killer G2-D (NKG2D) ligands (NKG2DL) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), a ligand of the lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1). This leads to enhance sensitivity to cytotoxic lymphocytes. Overexpression of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family members decrease both metformin effects. The sensitization to activated cytotoxic lymphocytes is mainly mediated by the increase on ICAM-1 levels, which favors cytotoxic lymphocytes binding to tumor cells. Finally, metformin decreases the growth of human hematological tumor cells in xenograft models, mainly in presence of monoclonal antibodies that recognize tumor antigens. Our results suggest that metformin could improve cytotoxic lymphocyte-mediated therapy.
Friction-Wear Properties of Nitrogen-Ion-Implanted Nickel-Free Co&ndash;Cr&ndash;Mo Alloy (2005)

Nitrogen ions were implanted in a Co–29 mass%Cr–6 mass%Mo alloy (ASTM F799-95) with reducing the amount of nickel in order to improve the friction-wear properties. The friction-wear properties of unimplanted and nitrogen-ion-implanted Co–Cr–Mo alloys were evaluated using a pin-on-flat-type reciprocating friction tester in air and phosphate-buffered saline, PBS(−), as a quasi-biological environment under applied stress of 3.54 MPa to understand the performance of this alloy for metal-on-metal-type artificial hip joints. As a result, the wear loss in PBS(−) was much smaller than that in air and increased with the increase of applied stress in both air and PBS(−), while the friction coefficient in a steady state during the test was larger in PBS(−) than in air, according to the lubrication behaviors of wear debris and PBS(−). Nitrogen-ion implantation is effective to decrease the friction coefficient in PBS(−) at the sliding interface between mutual Co–Cr–Mo alloys as well as to decrease the wear debris in PBS(−). Both in air and PBS(−), the surface of a N2+-implanted flat specimen was smoother than that of an unimplanted flat specimen. Cobalt phosphate was precipitated as a corrosion product on the pin during the friction-wear test.
A monostatic microwave transmission experiment for line integrated precipitation and humidity remote sensing (2013)

Near-surface water vapor and precipitation are central hydrometeorological observables which are still difficult to quantify accurately above the point scale. Both play an important role in modeling and remote sensing of the hydrologic cycle. We present details on the development of a new microwave transmission experiment that is capable of providing line integrated estimates of both humidity and precipitation near the surface. The system is located at a hydrometeorological test site (TERENO-prealpine) in Southern Germany. Path length is kept short at 660 m to minimize the likelihood of different precipitation types and intensities along the path. It uses a monostatic configuration with a combined transmitter/receiver unit and a 70 cm trihedral reflector. The transmitter/receiver unit simultaneously operates at 22.235 GHz and 34.8 GHz with a pulse repetition rate of 25 kHz and alternating horizontal and vertical polarization, which enable the analysis of the impact of the changing drop size distribution on the rain rate retrieval. Due to the coherence and the high phase stability of the system, it allows for a sensitive observation of the propagation phase delay. Thereof, time series of line integrated refractivity can be determined. This proxy is then post-processed to absolute humidity and compared to station observations. We present the design of the system and show an analysis of selected periods for both, precipitation and humidity observations. The theoretically expected dependence of attenuation and differential attenuation on the DSD was reproduced with experimental data. A decreased performance was observed when using a fixed A–R power law. Humidity data derived from the phase delay measurement showed good agreement with in situ measurements.
Surface engineering toward stable lithium metal anodes (2023)

The lithium (Li) metal anode (LMA) is susceptible to failure due to the growth of Li dendrites caused by an unsatisfied solid electrolyte interface (SEI). With this regard, the design of artificial SEIs with improved physicochemical and mechanical properties has been demonstrated to be important to stabilize the LMAs. This review comprehensively summarizes current efficient strategies and key progresses in surface engineering for constructing protective layers to serve as the artificial SEIs, including pretreating the LMAs with the reagents situated in different primary states of matter (solid, liquid, and gas) or using some peculiar pathways (plasma, for example). The fundamental characterization tools for studying the protective layers on the LMAs are also briefly introduced. Last, strategic guidance for the deliberate design of surface engineering is provided, and the current challenges, opportunities, and possible future directions of these strategies for the development of LMAs in practical applications are discussed.
Therapeutic application of GPR119 ligands in metabolic disorders (2017)

GPR119 belongs to the G protein-coupled receptor family and exhibits dual modes of action upon ligand-dependent activation: pancreatic secretion of insulin in a glucose-dependent manner and intestinal secretion of incretins. Hence, GPR119 has emerged as a promising target for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus without causing hypoglycaemia. However, despite continuous efforts by many major pharmaceutical companies, no synthetic GPR119 ligand has been approved as a new class of anti-diabetic agents thus far, nor has any passed beyond phase II clinical studies. Herein, we summarize recent advances in research concerning the physiological/pharmacological effects of GPR119 and its synthetic ligands on the regulation of energy metabolism, and we speculate on future applications of GPR119 ligands for the treatment of metabolic diseases, focusing on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Synthesis and Cytotoxicity of Substituted Ethyl 2‐Phenacyl‐3‐phenylpyrrole‐4‐carboxylates (2003)

The substituted ethyl-2-phenacyl-3-phenylpyrrole-4-carboxylates were synthesized by a condensation of a beta-chloroenal and an alpha-aminoketone under neutral conditions. They proved to be potent cytotoxic agents against the growth of murine L1210 and P388 leukemias and human HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia, HuT-78 lymphoma, and HeLa-S(3) uterine carcinoma. Selective compounds were active against the growth of Tmolt(3) and Tmolt(4) leukemias and THP-1 acute monocytic leukemia, liver Hepe-2, ovary 1-A9, ileum HCT-8 adenocarcinoma, and osteosarcoma HSO. A mode of action study in HL-60 cells demonstrated that DNA and protein syntheses were inhibited after 60 min at 100 microM. DNA and RNA polymerases, PRPP-amido transferase, dihydrofolate reductase, thymidylate synthase, and TMP kinase activities were interfered with by the agent with reduction of d[NTP] pools. Nonspecific interaction with the bases of DNA and cross-linking of the DNA may play a role in the mode of action of these carboxylates.
In vitro-in vivoevaluation of bacampicillin hydrochloride from microcapsules of a water-insoluble and an acid-soluble polymer (1985)

Bacampicillin hydrochloride has been microencapsulated to mask its very bitter taste. The objective of the study was to compare the in vitro release and bioavailability of bacampicillin hydrochloride from microcapsules coated with two principally different polymers: a water-insoluble polymer, ethylcellulose, and an acid-soluble polymer, Eudragit E 100. The last mentioned was supposed to have advantages from a bioavailability point of view since this polymer should dissolve rapidly upon reaching the stomach. In vitro release studies were performed in different types of media by using a flow-through cell technique and USP paddle apparatus. The in vivo study was performed on 20 healthy volunteers taking single 400 mg doses of the drug in the two microcapsule suspensions and a reference tablet according to a randomized cross-over design. When standard dissolution fluids were used, the Eudragit E 100-coated microcapsules revealed very rapid dissolution but were greatly dependent on buffer concentration and ionic strength. The ethylcellulose-coated microcapsules released the drug much more slowly than Eudragit E 100 when using standard dissolution fluids. They were also affected by buffer concentration and ionic strength. The reference tablet had a significantly higher bioavailability than the two microcapsule suspensions. In vitro-in vivo correlation was not obtained when using standard dissolution fluids according to USP. However when stimulated intestinal fluid was adjusted to have an ionic strength similar to intestinal fluid, a better in vitro-in vivo correlation was obtained. The Eudragit E 100 polymer did not give better bioavailability than ethylcellulose as a coating polymer on bacampicillin microcapsules.