gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reaction Layer Imaging Using Fluorescence Electrochemical Microscopy (2017)

The chemical confinement of a pH sensitive fluorophore to a thin-reaction layer adjacent to an electrode surface is explored as a potentially innovative route to improving the spatial resolution of fluorescence electrochemical microscopy. A thin layer opto-electrochemical cell is designed, facilitating the visualization of a carbon fiber (diameter 7.0 μm) electrochemical interface. Proton consumption is driven at the interface by the reduction of benzoquinone to hydroquinone and the resulting interfacial pH change is revealed using the fluorophore 8-hydoxypyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid. It is demonstrated that the proton depletion zone may be constrained and controlled by the addition of a finite acid concentration to the system. Simulation of the resulting fluorescence intensity profiles is achieved on the basis of a finite difference model, with excellent agreement between the theoretical and experimental results.
Blocking Bandits (2019)

We consider a novel stochastic multi-armed bandit setting, where playing an arm makes it unavailable for a fixed number of time slots thereafter. This models situations where reusing an arm too often is undesirable (e.g. making the same product recommendation repeatedly) or infeasible (e.g. compute job scheduling on machines). We show that with prior knowledge of the rewards and delays of all the arms, the problem of optimizing cumulative reward does not admit any pseudo-polynomial time algorithm (in the number of arms) unless randomized exponential time hypothesis is false, by mapping to the PINWHEEL scheduling problem. Subsequently, we show that a simple greedy algorithm that plays the available arm with the highest reward is asymptotically $(1-1/e)$ optimal. When the rewards are unknown, we design a UCB based algorithm which is shown to have $c \log T + o(\log T)$ cumulative regret against the greedy algorithm, leveraging the free exploration of arms due to the unavailability. Finally, when all the delays are equal the problem reduces to Combinatorial Semi-bandits providing us with a lower bound of $c' \log T+ \omega(\log T)$.
13C‐Methacetin metabolism in patients with cirrhosis: relation to disease severity, haemoglobin content and oxygen supply (2003)

Our results suggest that tests of microsomal liver function are independently influenced both by oxygen delivery and the Child-Pugh score.
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation Stimulates Differentiation of Oligodendroglia Cells (2006)

Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been postulated as alternative supportive treatment for multiple sclerosis, since they may promote myelin repair. We set out to study the effect of supplementation with n-3 and n-6 PUFAs on OLN-93 oligodendroglia and rat primary oligodendrocyte differentiation in vitro. It appeared that OLN-93 cells actively incorporate and metabolise the supplemented PUFAs in their cell membrane. The effect of PUFAs on OLN-93 differentiation was further assessed by morphological and Western blot evaluation of markers of oligodendroglia differentiation: 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNP), zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG). Supplementation of the OLN-93 cells with n-3 and n-6 PUFAs increased the degree of differentiation determined by morphological analysis. Moreover, CNP protein expression was significantly increased by gamma-linolenic acid (GLA, 18:3n-6) supplementation. In accordance with the OLN-93 results, studies with rat primary oligodendrocytes, a more advanced model of cell differentiation, showed GLA supplementation to promote oligodendrocyte differentiation. Following GLA supplementation, increased numbers of proteolipid protein (PLP)-positive oligodendrocytes and increased myelin sheet formation was observed during differentiation of primary oligodendrocytes. Moreover, increased CNP, and enhanced PLP and myelin basic protein expression were found after GLA administration. These studies provide support for the dietary supplementation of specific PUFAs to support oligodendrocyte differentiation and function.
Re: Men’s Knowledge of Their Own Fertility: A Population-Based Survey Examining the Awareness of Factors that are Associated with Male Infertility (2017)

No AccessJournal of UrologyUrological Survey1 Aug 2017Re: Men’s Knowledge of Their Own Fertility: A Population-Based Survey Examining the Awareness of Factors that are Associated with Male Infertility Craig NiederbergerMD Craig NiederbergerCraig Niederberger More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2017.05.057AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Re: Men’s Knowledge of Their Own Fertility: A Population-Based Survey Examining the Awareness of Factors that are Associated with Male Infertility." The Journal of Urology, 198(2), pp. 241–242 © 2017 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 198Issue 2August 2017Page: 241-242 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2017 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Craig Niederberger More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Secondary structure prediction: combination of three different methods (1988)

A combination of three complementary secondary structure prediction methods is presented. The methods used are the GOR III method, the Homologue method and a new method, the bit pattern method, which is based on hydrophilic/hydrophobic residue patterns. For this purpose a hydropathy scale was developed and is presented here. The combination algorithm (Combine method) was designed to take the best results of each method and use their differences in order to improve the prediction. The combination yields 65.5% correctly predicted residues in three states: alpha-helix (H), beta-strand (E) and aperiodic structure (C) which is an improvement ranging from 2.5 to 6.5% compared with the individual methods when tested with a 67-polypeptide chain database. Seventy-five per cent of the regular secondary structure (H and E) runs are correctly located and beta-sheet runs are much better located by the Combine method in comparison to the other methods.
Comparison of body-powered voluntary opening and voluntary closing prehensor for activities of daily life (2014)

Persons with an upper-limb amputation who use a body-powered prosthesis typically control the prehensor through contralateral shoulder movement, which is transmitted through a Bowden cable. Increased cable tension either opens or closes the prehensor; when tension is released, some passive element, such as a spring, returns the prehensor to the default state (closed or open). In this study, we used the Southampton Hand Assessment Procedure to examine functional differences between these two types of prehensors in 29 nondisabled subjects (who used a body-powered bypass prosthesis) and 2 persons with unilateral transradial amputations (who used a conventional body-powered device). We also administered a survey to determine whether subjects preferred one prehensor or the other for specific tasks, with a long-term goal of assessing whether a prehensor that could switch between both modes would be advantageous. We found that using the voluntary closing prehensor was 1.3 s faster (p = 0.02) than using the voluntary opening prehensor, across tasks, and that there was consensus among subjects on which types of tasks they preferred to do with each prehensor type. Twenty-five subjects wanted a device that could switch between the two modes in order to perform particular tasks.
Effects of Ni and Cr Contents on Fatigue Crack Growth Properties of SUS316-based Stainless Steels in High-pressure Gaseous Hydrogen (2012)

Fatigue crack growth tests were carried out in high-pressure gaseous hydrogen at 90 MPa at room temperature for SUS316-based stainless steels containing different amounts of Ni and Cr, and the effects of these alloying elements on fatigue crack propagation were investigated. The fatigue crack growth rate of the SUS316-based steels with a Ni content lower than 12 mass% was accelerated in hydrogen gas with decreasing Ni content. The Cr content had little effect on the fatigue crack growth rate in hydrogen gas. The combined effect of the Ni and Cr contents on the fatigue crack growth rate was closely related to Md30 and a modified Ni equivalent, [Ni]+0.37[Cr], where [Ni] and [Cr] are the Ni and Cr contents, respectively. The fatigue crack growth rate in the second region in the da/dN-ΔK relationship for SUS316-based stainless steels can be estimated with the Paris equation, da/dN = C (ΔK)m, and C = 8·10–11·exp (0.0235·Md30) in steels with Md30 > –95°C. No clear degradation ascribable to high pressure hydrogen gas was observed in steels with Md30 ≤ –95°C or [Ni]+0.37[Cr] ≥ 17.5 mass%. Fatigue cracks propagated mainly in the γ phase, and the α′ deformation induced martensite phase sometimes became the crack propagation path in tested steels with low γ phase stability. Faceted fracture surfaces consisting of the {111}γ plane and α′ martensite were observed at the fatigue fracture surfaces and considered to be formed as a result of hydrogen gas embrittlement at or near the interphase boundaries between the two phases, where the hydrogen concentration was considered to be high.
FODVid: Flow-guided Object Discovery in Videos (2023)

Segmentation of objects in a video is challenging due to the nuances such as motion blurring, parallax, occlusions, changes in illumination, etc. Instead of addressing these nuances separately, we focus on building a generalizable solution that avoids overfitting to the individual intricacies. Such a solution would also help us save enormous resources involved in human annotation of video corpora. To solve Video Object Segmentation (VOS) in an unsupervised setting, we propose a new pipeline (FODVid) based on the idea of guiding segmentation outputs using flow-guided graph-cut and temporal consistency. Basically, we design a segmentation model incorporating intra-frame appearance and flow similarities, and inter-frame temporal continuation of the objects under consideration. We perform an extensive experimental analysis of our straightforward methodology on the standard DAVIS16 video benchmark. Though simple, our approach produces results comparable (within a range of ~2 mIoU) to the existing top approaches in unsupervised VOS. The simplicity and effectiveness of our technique opens up new avenues for research in the video domain.
Photografting as a versatile, localizable, and single‐step surface functionalization of silica‐based monoliths dedicated to microscale separation techniques (2012)

In this work, we developed a surface functionalization way of silica monoliths with a rapid, simple, versatile, and localizable photografting step. The elaboration of a photoreactive layer at the surface of monoliths was first optimized. The functionalization with [γ-(methacryloyloxy)propyl]trimethoxysilane at 80°C in a hydro-organic solution containing triethylamine as catalyst allows reachng the highest density of methacrylate photoactive moieties on silica surfaces. These methacrylate reactive surfaces were subsequently photografted within few minutes with acrylate monomers bearing alkyl chains (C12 and C18). The photografting efficiency was determined by monitoring the retentive properties of monoliths in the RP mode. The retention factors are of the same order of magnitude as highly retentive columns obtained by modification of silica surface with long-alkyl chain silanes or by thermal polymerization of long-alkyl chain monomers. It was also verified that such grafting neither impaired the efficiency of the monolithic stationary phase (Hmin = 6-8 μm in nano-LC) nor its permeability (about 6 × 10(-14) m(2)). Further, it was also demonstrated that photografting is localizable in nonmasked defined areas. Results obtained in anion-exchange chromatography after photopolymerization of [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride are presented as well to demonstrate the versatility of the developed approach.
Design of iron catalysts supported on carbon–silica composites with enhanced catalytic performance in high-temperature Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (2016)

Iron catalysts supported by carbon–silica composites prepared <italic>via</italic> hydrothermal treatment of silica by fructose showed enhanced catalytic performance in Fischer–Tropsch synthesis.
Multichannel Glutamate Monitoring by Electrode Array Electrochemically Immobilized with Enzymes (2000)

We developed a novel method for the fabricaUon of a multichamel glutamate sensor based on a planar electrode ar-rayBy scaming and holding the electrode potential in a solution containing glutamate oxidase and a polymer to which horseradish peroxidase and electron-trImsfer mediator were boundwe successfully immobilized these enzymes and a mediator on the electrodes of the electrode array through electrochemical deposition of the polymer We conmed the resulting sensor possess ed high sensidvity and selecdvity to glutamateThis multichannel sensor may be useful for the non-invasiverea1-time monitoring of the glutamate distribution in biological samples GlutamateGlutamate OxidaseHorseradish PeroxidaseMultichanne1
Supplementary Figures 1-8 from Optimization of T-cell Receptor–Modified T Cells for Cancer Therapy (2023)

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Discrete Layer Jamming for Variable Stiffness Co-Robot Arms (2019)

Abstract Continuous layer jamming is an effective tunable stiffness mechanism that utilizes vacuum to vary friction between laminates enclosed in a membrane. In this paper, we present a discrete layer jamming mechanism that is composed of a multilayered beam and multiple variable pressure clamps placed discretely along the beam; system stiffness can be varied by changing the pressure applied by the clamps. In comparison to continuous layer jamming, discrete layer jamming is simpler as it can be implemented with dynamic variable pressure actuators for faster control, better portability, and no sealing issues due to no need for an air supply. Design and experiments show that discrete layer jamming can be used for a variable stiffness co-robot arm. The concept is validated by quasi-static cantilever bending experiments. The measurements show that clamping 10% of the beam area with two clamps increases the bending stiffness by around 17 times when increasing the clamping pressure from 0 to 3 MPa. Computational case studies using finite element analysis for the five key parameters are presented, including clamp location, clamp width, number of laminates, friction coefficient, and number of clamps. Clamp location, number of clamps, and number of laminates are found to be most useful for optimizing a discrete layer jamming design. Actuation requirements for a variable pressure clamp are presented based on results from laminate beam compression tests.
Hydrogen Absorption Properties of Amorphous and Crystalline La&ndash;Ni&ndash;B Melt-Spun Ribbons (1996)

The possibility of formation of amorphous phase in La–Ni–B system by melt-spun technique has been investigated. It is found that the amorphous phase was formed in a relatively wide compositional range and composition forming amorphous phase nearest LaNi5 compound is LaNi6.4B1.2. The PCT curves of the amorphous ribbons neither have plateau pressure nor almost absorb hydrogen. In addition LaNi6.4B1.2 ribbons start to absorb hydrogens after crystallizing at 1073 K. The amount of absorbed hydrogen is about 0.7 mass% at 2.0 MPa, which is almost half of that of the LaNi5 compound. However, after 30 hydride-dehydride cycle test, crystallized LaNi6.4B1.2 ribbons show less degradation in comparison with LaNi5 alloys.
Automatic epileptic seizure detection based on empirical mode decomposition and deep neural network (2018)

Electroencephalogram (EEG) used to record the electrical activity of the brain is a standout amongst the most helpful tools which are utilized in the diagnosis of neurological disorders. In this paper, we propose two classification methods for automatic epileptic seizure detection based on EEG recordings. The proposed methods use Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) for feature extraction and Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) for classification. Multilayer perceptron is used in the first classification method to classify between normal and seizure cases by reducing features' dimension which speeds up the task. The classification accuracy achieved using this method is 100%. Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) is utilized in the second classification method to accomplish a high accuracy in multiclass classification task. The classification accuracy obtained using DCNN for classifying between the normal, interictal and ictal cases is 98.6%. The evaluation of the proposed methods is conducted using the 10-fold cross-validation methodology to ensure the robustness of the system.
Possible involvement of ATP-dependent K-channel related mechanisms in the antihypertensive and cough suppressant effects of the novel ACE inhibitor (2S, 3aS, 7aS)-1-(N2-nicotinoyl-L-lysyl-gamma-D-glutamyl)octahydro-1H- indole-2-carboxylic acid. (1997)

The antihypertensive and cough suppressant mechanisms of DU-1777 ((2S,3aS,7aS)-1-(N2-nicotinoyl-L-lsyl-gamma-D-glutamyl )octahydro-1H-indole-2 -carboxylic acid, CAS 116662-73-8), a new long-acting angiotensin-1-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, were investigated in vivo and in vitro. The antihypertensive effects of DU-1777 at 10 mg/kg p.o. and cromakalim at 0.3 mg/kg p.o. were partially (about 60%) or fully antagonized by glibenclamide at 10 mg/kg i.v. in 2-kidney, 1-clip renal hypertensive rats (2K-1C RHR). The antihypertensive effects of a Ca blocker (nifedipine) and other ACE inhibitors (captopril, alacepril, enalapril, lisinopril, imidapril and quanapril) were not antagonized by glibenclamide. In deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt hypertensive rats (DOCA-HR), the antihypertensive effects of DU-1777 at 3-30 mg/kg p.o. were fully antagonized by glibenclamide. However, in vitro, DU-1777 (10(-6)-10(-3) mol/l) did not affect aortic ring contractions induced by high K (30 mmol/l). In guinea pig, citric acid induced cough was increased by ACE inhibitors, captopril, alacepril, enalapril and lisinopril (10 and 30 mg/kg p.o.). DU-1777 had a tendency to decrease citric acid induced cough and the effect was antagonized by glibenclamide. These results suggest that while DU-1777 itself does not open ATP-dependent K channel, it indirectly produces these effects through unknown mechanisms in vivo. Moreover, these effects contributed to the antihypertensive effect in DOCA-HR and cough suppressant effect in guinea pigs.
Does independent component analysis play a role in unmixing hyperspectral data? (2005)

Independent component analysis (ICA) has recently been proposed as a tool to unmix hyperspectral data. ICA is founded on two assumptions: 1) the observed spectrum vector is a linear mixture of the constituent spectra (endmember spectra) weighted by the correspondent abundance fractions (sources); 2)sources are statistically independent. Independent factor analysis (IFA) extends ICA to linear mixtures of independent sources immersed in noise. Concerning hyperspectral data, the first assumption is valid whenever the multiple scattering among the distinct constituent substances (endmembers) is negligible, and the surface is partitioned according to the fractional abundances. The second assumption, however, is violated, since the sum of abundance fractions associated to each pixel is constant due to physical constraints in the data acquisition process. Thus, sources cannot be statistically independent, this compromising the performance of ICA/IFA algorithms in hyperspectral unmixing. This paper studies the impact of hyperspectral source statistical dependence on ICA and IFA performances. We conclude that the accuracy of these methods tends to improve with the increase of the signature variability, of the number of endmembers, and of the signal-to-noise ratio. In any case, there are always endmembers incorrectly unmixed. We arrive to this conclusion by minimizing the mutual information of simulated and real hyperspectral mixtures. The computation of mutual information is based on fitting mixtures of Gaussians to the observed data. A method to sort ICA and IFA estimates in terms of the likelihood of being correctly unmixed is proposed.
Structure of the photo-catalytically active surface of SrTiO3 (2015)

A major goal of energy research is to use visible light to cleave water directly, without an applied voltage, into hydrogen and oxygen. Since the initial reports of the ultraviolet (UV) activity of TiO2 and SrTiO3 in the 1970s, researchers have pursued a fundamental understanding of the mechanistic and molecular-level phenomena involved in photo-catalysis. Although it requires UV light, after four decades SrTiO3 is still the gold standard for splitting water. It is chemically stable and catalyzes both the hydrogen and the oxygen reactions without applied bias. While ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) surface science techniques have provided useful insights, we still know relatively little about the structure of electrodes in contact with electrolytes under operating conditions. Here, we report the surface structure evolution of a SrTiO3 electrode during water splitting, before and after training with a positive bias. Operando high-energy X-ray reflectivity measurements demonstrate that training the electrode irreversibly reorders the surface. Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) at open circuit correlates this training with a tripling of the activity toward photo-induced water splitting. A novel first-principles joint density-functional theory (JDFT) simulation constrained to the X-ray data via a generalized penalty function identifies an anatase-like structure for the more active, trained surface.
On rules, procedure, caching and views in data base systems (1990)

This paper demonstrates that a simple rule system can be constructed that supports a more powerful view system than available in current commercial systems. Not only can views be specified by using rules but also special semantics for resolving ambiguous view updates are simply additional rules. Moreover, procedural data types as proposed in POSTGRES are also efficiently simulated by the same rules system. Lastly, caching of the action part of certain rules is a possible performance enhancement and can be applied to materialize views as well as to cache procedural data items. Hence, we conclude that a rule system is a fundamental concept in a next generation DBMS, and it subsumes both views and procedures as special cases.
Insulin resistance impairs sustained virological response rate to pegylated interferon plus ribavirin in HIV–hepatitis C virus-coinfected patients: HOMAVIC-ANRS HC02 Study (2009)

A high HOMA-IR level is frequently found in HIV-HCV-coinfected patients and is associated with a reduced SVR rate. Improving insulin sensitivity might be a useful adjunct to HCV therapy in HIV-HCV-coinfected patients.
Space-Time MIMO Channel Modelling using Angular Power Distributions (2006)

In this paper, we develop a MIMO channel model for generating the channel gains between arbitrary arrays of transmitter and receiver antennas, for a general class of non-line-of-sight (NLOS) channels. The channel scattering environment is defined by a double directional angular distribution describing the power transferred from transmitter aperture to receiver aperture in each direction. We propose several parametrized bivariate distributions that are consistent with univariate scatterer distributions separately observed at the transmitter and receiver. We derive the second order statistics of the channel gains in terms of the double directional power distribution and characterize a sample system performance as a function of distribution parameters