gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aldose Reductase: An Emerging Target for Development of Interventions for Diabetic Cardiovascular Complications (2021)

Diabetes is a leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Despite numerous treatments for cardiovascular disease (CVD), for patients with diabetes, these therapies provide less benefit for protection from CVD. These considerations spur the concept that diabetes-specific, disease-modifying therapies are essential to identify especially as the diabetes epidemic continues to expand. In this context, high levels of blood glucose stimulate the flux <i>via</i> aldose reductase (AR) pathway leading to metabolic and signaling changes in cells of the cardiovascular system. In animal models flux <i>via</i> AR in hearts is increased by diabetes and ischemia and its inhibition protects diabetic and non-diabetic hearts from ischemia-reperfusion injury. In mouse models of diabetic atherosclerosis, human AR expression accelerates progression and impairs regression of atherosclerotic plaques. Genetic studies have revealed that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the <i>ALD2</i> (<i>human AR gene</i>) is associated with diabetic complications, including cardiorenal complications. This Review presents current knowledge regarding the roles for AR in the causes and consequences of diabetic cardiovascular disease and the status of AR inhibitors in clinical trials. Studies from both human subjects and animal models are presented to highlight the breadth of evidence linking AR to the cardiovascular consequences of diabetes.
Building the case for mitochondrial transplantation as an anti-aging cardiovascular therapy (2023)

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a common denominator in both biological aging and cardiovascular disease (CVD) pathology. Understanding the protagonist role of mitochondria in the respective and independent progressions of CVD and biological aging will unravel the synergistic relationship between biological aging and CVD. Moreover, the successful development and implementation of therapies that can simultaneously benefit mitochondria of multiple cell types, will be transformational in curtailing pathologies and mortality in the elderly, including CVD. Several works have compared the status of mitochondria in vascular endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in CVD dependent context. However, fewer studies have cataloged the aging-associated changes in vascular mitochondria, independent of CVD. This mini review will focus on the present evidence related to mitochondrial dysfunction in vascular aging independent of CVD. Additionally, we discuss the feasibility of restoring mitochondrial function in the aged cardiovascular system through mitochondrial transfer.
Fission product release from irradiated LWR fuel under accident conditions (1984)

Fission product release from irradiated LWR fuel is being studied by heating fuel rod segments in flowing steam and an inert carrier gas to simulate accident conditions. Fuels with a range of irradiation histories are being subjected to several steam flow rates over a wide range of temperatures. Fission product release during each test is measured by gamma spectroscopy and by detailed examination of the collection apparatus after the test has been completed. These release results are complemented by a detailed posttest examination of samples of the fuel rod segment. Results of release measurements and fuel rod characterizations for tests at 1400 through 2000/sup 0/C are presented in this paper.
Multiview LSA: Representation Learning via Generalized CCA (2015)

Pushpendre Rastogi, Benjamin Van Durme, Raman Arora. Proceedings of the 2015 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies. 2015.
Characteristics of heavily doped p+∕n ultrashallow junction prepared by plasma doping and laser annealing (2005)

High quality p+∕n ultrashallow junctions were fabricated by high dose plasma doping and two step annealing involving low-temperature furnace annealing and excimer laser annealing. Without a preamorphization process, laser annealing is effective in terms of activation and annealing. Meanwhile, the junction depth can be controlled by the low-temperature annealing process prior to the laser annealing. By combining low-temperature preannealing and laser annealing, ultrashallow (junction depth ∼22nm), low sheet resistance (∼275Ω∕sq.), and a defect-free p+∕n junction can be obtained without preamorphization.
High frequency photoacoustic imaging for in vivo visualizing blood flow of zebrafish heart (2013)

A technique on high frame rate(28fps), high frequency co-registered ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging for visualizing zebrafish heart blood flow was demonstrated. This approach was achieved with a 40MHz light weight(0.38g) ring-type transducer, serving as the ultrasound transmitter and receiver, to allow an optic fiber, coupled with a 532nm laser, to be inserted into the hole. From the wire target study, axial resolutions of 38µm and 42µm were obtained for ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging, respectively. Carbon nanotubes were utilized as contrast agents to increase the flow signal level by 20dB in phantom studies, and zebrafish heart blood flow was successfully observed.
Colliding beams in a Mobius accelerator (1996)

An accelerator can be called ‘‘Möbius’’ if it contains a ‘‘twist’’ element that forces a particle to complete two traversals of the ring before returning to a corresponding state. The resultant ring has properties very different from an untwisted lattice. Since chromaticity correction needs only to be performed in one plane, it can be done entirely in the (easy) horizontal plane, with π‐separated, non‐interleaved, sextupole pairs. This permits increased focusing strength while preserving large amplitude stability. In colliding beam operation, the (round) beams are robust against beam‐beam interaction. Simulation indicates that beams counter‐rotating in the same chamber need not be separated even for accumulated small‐amplitude tune shifts greatly exceeding one. The large resulting tune spreads are found to stabilize the beams against head‐tail instability with greater‐than‐typical head‐tail tune shifts. Since stabilization relies at present on synchrotron oscillations with chromaticity near zero, the sextupoles needed for this, and the large‐amplitude degradation they cause, may be superfluous. Stable operation is possible with beam‐beam tune shifts well in excess of 0.1 at the main experiment crossing points.
The ExsA Protein of Bacillus cereus Is Required for Assembly of Coat and Exosporium onto the Spore Surface (2005)

The outermost layer of spores of the Bacillus cereus family is a loose structure known as the exosporium. Spores of a library of Tn917-LTV1 transposon insertion mutants of B. cereus ATCC 10876 were partitioned into hexadecane; a less hydrophobic mutant that was isolated contained an insertion in the exsA promoter region. ExsA is the equivalent of SafA (YrbA) of Bacillus subtilis, which is also implicated in spore coat assembly; the gene organizations around both are identical, and both proteins contain a very conserved N-terminal cortex-binding domain of ca. 50 residues, although the rest of the sequence is much less conserved. In particular, unlike SafA, the ExsA protein contains multiple tandem oligopeptide repeats and is therefore likely to have an extended structure. The exsA gene is expressed in the mother cell during sporulation. Spores of an exsA mutant are extremely permeable to lysozyme and are blocked in late stages of germination, which require coat-associated functions. Two mutants expressing differently truncated versions of ExsA were constructed, and they showed the same gross defects in the attachment of exosporium and spore coat layers. The protein profile of the residual exosporium harvested from spores of the three mutants--two expressing truncated proteins and the mutant with the original transposon insertion in the promoter region--showed some differences from the wild type and from each other, but the major exosporium glycoproteins were retained. The exsA gene is extremely important for the normal assembly and anchoring of both the spore coat and exosporium layers in spores of B. cereus.
Proinflammatory Cytokines and Metalloproteases Are Expressed in the Subacromial Bursa in Patients With Rotator Cuff Disease (2005)

These findings support the role of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and corticosteroids in RCT treatment, and emphasize the importance of subacromial bursectomy to reduce inflammation in RCT surgery.
4π radiotherapy using a linear accelerator: A misnomer in violation of the solid geometric boundary conditions in three-dimensional Euclidean space (2019)

Present cantilever design of linear accelerator prevents achieving a 4π radian solid angle at any point in the patient. Even the most modern therapy machines like CyberKnife which has a robotic arm also cannot achieve 4π geometry. Maximum achievable solid angle under the highest allowable boundary condition(s) cannot exceed 2π<sup>c</sup>, which is restricted for only extremities such as foot and brain radiotherapy. For other parts of the body such as pelvis, thorax, and abdomen, the solid angle is reduced to 1/5<sup>th</sup> (maximum value) of the 4π<sup>c</sup>. To obtain a 4π<sup>c</sup> solid angle in a three-dimensional Euclidean space, the patient has to be a zero-dimensional point and X-ray head of the linear accelerator has a freedom to rotate in every point of a hypothetical sphere of radius 1 m. This article establishes geometrically why it is not possible to achieve a 4π<sup>c</sup> solid angle.
Getting the Payload in Place – Unravelling the Complexities of Making a Bacterial Microcompartment (2022)

Bacterial microcompartments (BMCs) are complex macromolecular assemblies composed of any outer protein shell that encases a specific metabolic pathway cargo. Recent research is now starting to unravel some of the processes that are involved in directing the enzyme cargo to the inside of the BMC. In particular, an article in this issue of J Bacteriol by N. W. Kennedy, C. E. Mills, C. H. Abrahamson, A. Archer, et al. (J Bacteriol 204:e00576-21, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.00576-21) highlights the role played by the shell protein PduB in coordinating this internalization process.
A Novel 8-way radial power combiner (2009)

A novel 8-way radial power combiner is developed with wide bandwidth and low insertion loss. The combiner consists of eight microstrip line peripheral ports and one coaxial output port. A cylindrical cavity is introduced in the combining structure to obtain high combining efficiency and high power handling capability. The simulated 20 dB return loss bandwidth is around 1.9 GHz from 13.5 GHz to 15.4 GHz. Mechanical tolerance and graceful degradation are also analyzed.
A new circuit design and control to reduce input harmonic current for a three-phase ac machine drive system having a very small dc-link capacitor (2010)

This paper presents a new circuit topology to meet the input harmonic current standard for an ac machine drive system which has a very small dc-link capacitor. The proposed circuit topology is based on a harmonic current injection method, and it keeps up size and cost competitiveness of an ac machine drive system having a very small dc-link capacitor. Also, this paper proposes an appropriate control algorithm and a stability analysis for the proposed circuit topology. Experimental results reveal the validity of the proposed circuit topology and its control method. Also, it is confirmed that the harmonic current standard can be satisfied with the proposed circuit and its control method.
Procedure-related pulmonary hypertension in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing percutaneous ethanol injection—Role of ethanol, hemolysis, asymmetric dimethylarginine, and the nitric oxide system (2009)

Procedure-related pulmonary hypertension in patients undergoing PEI is multifactorial. Plasma concentrations of the NO precursor l-arginine are reduced by arginase released from lysed erythrocytes, a condition further exacerbated by the increased concentrations of symmetric dimethylarginine, which may compete with the cellular uptake of l-arginine. The result would be reduced synthesis of NO, the concentration of which would be further decreased extracellularly through free hemoglobin. Predictably, the result would be severe endothelial dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension in patients undergoing PEI. These mechanisms might also be relevant in other states of (sudden) hemolysis.
Real‐time earthquake detection and hazard assessment by ElarmS across California (2009)

ElarmS is a network‐based methodology for rapid earthquake detection, location and hazard assessment in the form of magnitude estimation and peak ground motion prediction. The methodology is currently being tested as part of the real‐time seismic system in California leveraging the resources of the California Integrated Seismic Network (CISN) and the Advanced National Seismic System. A total of 603 velocity and acceleration sensors at 383 sites across the state stream waveform data to ElarmS processing modules at three network processing centers where waveforms are reduced to a few parameters. These parameters are then collected and processed at UC Berkeley to provide a single statewide prediction of future ground shaking that is updated every second. The system successfully detected the M w 5.4 Alum Rock earthquake in northern California for which it generated an accurate hazard prediction before peak shaking began in San Francisco. It also detected the M w 5.4 Chino Hills earthquake in southern California. The median system latency is currently 11.8 sec; the median waveform data latency is 6.5 sec.
Non-rigid speckle tracking exploratory study for tendinopathy signaling in symptomatic subjects (2016)

status: Published
Contraction Motions of Stripe Domains in Bubble Films with In-Plane Magnetization Layers (1985)

Contraction motions of stripe domains in several types of hard bubble suppressed LPE-garnet films are studied by a time-resolved observation technique. Saturation velocities observed are substantially larger than those observed in collapse and translation techniques. A clear asymmetry in domain wall velocities with respect to the polarity of the external in-plane field is observed. The general feature of the asymmetry does not depend on the types of in-plane magnetization layers. It is concluded that horizontal Bloch lines punch through at surfaces with in-plane magnetization layers as well as at as-grown surfaces, after a certain number of horizontal Bloch lines have been accumulated. The overshoot up to 100 µm is observed and the number of accumulated horizontal Bloch lines in a stationary state is estimated to be several tens in a typical case.
Interpretations of Colloid-Facilitated Transport Experiments at the Grimsel Test Site from 2008 through 2012 (2013)

Between 2008 and 2012, four colloid-facilitated transport experiments were conducted in a saturated shear zone at the Grimsel Test Site (GTS) in Switzerland under the auspices of the Colloids Formation and Migration (CFM) project.
Vomiting and Gastroesophageal Motor Activity in Children with Disorders of the Central Nervous System (1998)

Children with CNS disorders who vomit have abnormal gastric motility as often as GER. Following fundoplication, many patients continue to have symptoms possibly related to gastric dysrhythmias, the effects of which may be unmasked by fundoplication. Foregut dysmotility may be related to abnormal modulation of the enteric nervous system by the CNS or to involvement of the enteric nervous system by the same process affecting the brain.
Multi Objective Optimization of a Force Fed Microchannel Heat Sink (2009)

An approximation assisted optimization (AAO) method was used to optimize the geometry and flow parameters of a Force Fed Microchannel Heat Sink (FFMHS). Numerical simulation solvers were combined with the chosen optimization scheme to obtain the design points. A Kriging meta-modeling was applied to optimize the problem using Multi Objective Genetic Algorithm. The optimum results were compared with optimum designs of a well known traditional microchannel heat sink for a 1 × 1 cm2 base heat transfer area. It is demonstrated that for a constant pumping power, force fed microchannel heat design sink can achieve 65% more heat transfer on average. For a given thermal performance, the pressure drops associated with FFMHS represent only a fraction of the pumping power required by a traditional microchannel heat sink.
Improvement in Solid-State Dye Sensitized Solar Cells by p-Type Doping with Lewis Acid SnCl4 (2013)

The Lewis acid SnCl4 is employed as a p-type dopant for 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)-9,9′-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD) for the solution process in solid-state dye sensitized solar cell. The UV–vis absorption spectra and time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) spectra are used to investigate the doping level of spiro-OMeTAD with a p-type dopant, indicating the strong molecular acceptor of SnCl4. X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) exhibiting close energy shifts of the Fermi level toward HOMO are observed when adding Li salt or SnCl4. A significant enhancement in fill factor of the photovoltaic devices, corresponding to the power conversion efficiency, is observed when doping with SnCl4. This is attributed to the low charge transport resistance of the hole transport film and high hole injection efficiency from the hole transport material to the counter electrode.
A cooperative beads-on-a-string approach to exceptionally stable DNA triplexes (2006)

A poly(dT) oligomer can serve as the string on which synthetic hairpins possessing poly(dA) and poly(dT) arms connected by a hydrophobic perylene diimide linker are assembled like beads on a string. The synthetic hairpins form head-to-head dimers and trimers, respectively, in the absence of the poly(dT) string and in the presence of a string with inverted polarity at mid-strand. However, they assemble in cooperative head-to-tail fashion on normal poly(dT) oligomers.
A One-Versus-All Class Binarization Strategy for Bearing Diagnostics of Concurrent Defects (2014)

In bearing diagnostics using a data-driven modeling approach, a concern is the need for data from all possible scenarios to build a practical model for all operating conditions. This paper is a study on bearing diagnostics with the concurrent occurrence of multiple defect types. The authors are not aware of any work in the literature that studies this practical problem. A strategy based on one-versus-all (OVA) class binarization is proposed to improve fault diagnostics accuracy while reducing the number of scenarios for data collection, by predicting concurrent defects from training data of normal and single defects. The proposed OVA diagnostic approach is evaluated with empirical analysis using support vector machine (SVM) and C4.5 decision tree, two popular classification algorithms frequently applied to system health diagnostics and prognostics. Statistical features are extracted from the time domain and the frequency domain. Prediction performance of the proposed strategy is compared with that of a simple multi-class classification, as well as that of random guess and worst-case classification. We have verified the potential of the proposed OVA diagnostic strategy in performance improvements for single-defect diagnosis and predictions of BPFO plus BPFI concurrent defects using two laboratory-collected vibration data sets.
Catching Bubbles: Targeting Ultrasound Microbubbles Using Bioorthogonal Inverse‐Electron‐Demand Diels–Alder Reactions (2014)

Catching bubbles: Tetrazine-functionalized microbubbles were prepared for use as ultrasound contrast agents, and shown to selectively localize on cells labeled with a TCO-derivatized antibody against VEGFR2. This capture approach based on labeling and bioorthogonal chemistry was validated in a flow-chamber assay and in vivo through ultrasound imaging of VEGFR2-positive and VEGFR2-negative murine tumor models. TCO=trans-cyclooctene. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
DESIGN PARTICIPATION THROUGH THE INTERNET : A case study (2001)

Cambridge University and Microsoft are planning a shared computer research and teaching laboratory on a green-field site to the west of the city. The clients wished to use internet based communication between themselves and their architects, including email, a web site and virtual reality. We explain how this is to be achieved, and describe experiences during the first half of a two-year project. Particularly success has been the use of games software (Quake II) for 3D presentation of the emerging building design.
N‐Bromosuccinimide‐Mediated Radical Cyclization of 3‐Arylallyl Azides: Synthesis of 3‐Substituted Quinolines (2014)

Abstract Visible light irradiation of N ‐bromosuccinimide serves as an effective means to convert methyl 2‐(azidomethyl)‐3‐arylpropenoates and 2‐(azidomethyl)‐3‐arylacrylonitriles to the corresponding iminyl radicals via α‐hydrogen abstraction and subsequent extrusion of dinitrogen. Thus formed iminyl radicals then undergo intramolecular ortho attack on the aryl ring, affording methyl quinoline‐3‐carboxylates and quinoline‐3‐carbonitriles respectively. magnified image
Threshold Variations in Cortical Cell Assemblies and Behavior (1994)

There is nothing new under the sun, which is especially true for the neurosciences1. Our present situation is best described by the Italian poet Eugenio Montale: Codesto solo oggi possiamo dirti, ciò che non siamo, ciò che non vogliamo. Was heut' wir sagen können, ist nur das, was wir nicht sind, was wir nicht wollen. Today we can only say, what we are not, what we don't want.
Free-Radical Metabolites of Acetaminophen and a Dimethylated Derivative (1985)

The oxidation of acetaminophen (4'-hydroxyacetanilide) to the corresponding N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imines by plant and mammalian peroxidases is discussed. The acetaminophen free radical (N-acetyl-4-aminophenoxyl) has been reported as an intermediate. It is very reactive and forms melanin-like polymeric products. Application of a fast-flow system makes it possible to detect the transient species and clearly distinguish it from persistent paramagnetic melanin polymers. A model system, leading to more stable metabolites, can be obtained by introduction of methyl groups next to the oxygen, 3',5'-dimethylacetaminophen (3',5'-dimethyl-4'-hydroxyacetanilide). The ESR spectrum of the free radical formed could be completely analyzed and confirmed by deuterium substitution. The data are consistent with the assignment to a phenoxyl free radical (N-acetyl-2,6-dimethyl-4-amino-phenoxyl). Its formation is discussed in terms of substrate, hydrogen peroxide and enzyme concentration dependence. It is believed to be formed via a direct one-electron oxidation of 3',5'-dimethyl-4'-hydroxy-acetanilide. The radical does not form polymers or react with nucleophiles. Its redox behavior is discussed. The possible reaction of these phenoxyl free radicals with oxygen is thought to be negligible.