gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fast Monitoring of Species-Specific Peptide Biomarkers Using High-Intensity-Focused-Ultrasound-Assisted Tryptic Digestion and Selected MS/MS Ion Monitoring (2011)

A new strategy for the fast monitoring of peptide biomarkers is described. It is based on the use of accelerated in-solution trypsin digestions under an ultrasonic field provided by high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) and the monitoring of several peptides by selected MS/MS ion monitoring in a linear ion trap mass spectrometer. The performance of the method was established for the unequivocal identification of all commercial fish species belonging to the Merlucciidae family. Using a particular combination of only 11 peptides, resulting from the HIFU-assisted tryptic digestion of the thermostable proteins parvalbumins, the workflow allowed the unequivocal identification of these closely related fish species in any seafood product, including processed and precooked products, in less than 2 h. The present strategy constitutes the fastest method for peptide biomarker monitoring. Its application for food quality control provides to the authorities an effective and rapid method of food authentication and traceability to guarantee the quality and safety to the consumers.
Electrochemical Behavior of Thin Anodic Oxide Films on Zircaloy‐4: Role of the Mobile Defects (1996)

The first stages of the electrochemical oxidation of Zircaloy‐4 are investigated using simple electrochemical tests and modeling the passive film modifications occurring as a result of contact with the electrolyte. Variations in electrode potential (open‐circuit conditions) or current density (potentiodynamic scans) can be simply explained by a high field assisted passive film growth. Under open‐circuit conditions, this field does not vary with exposure time (in the 2 h to 48 h range). The minimum electric field for the onset of high‐field behavior is also evaluated and found smaller than the theoretical value which can be explained by a variation in the concentration of mobile defects throughout the film. Measurements of the electrode potential decay after a potentiodynamic scan confirm this model, allowing interpretation of the film modification as a combination of two separate phenomena: film growth under a high electric field and point defect annihilation.
In situ Spectroelectrochemistry Via Infrared Techniques (1985)

Spectroscopic studies of electrode processes at molecular level are necessary both for a more detailed understanding of the fundamental electrochemical reactions involved and for the development of better electrode materials. Such investigations require molecular-specific, non destructive surface analytical techniques capable of analyzing solid-liquid interfaces in situ, without changing the structure of the often unstable reaction products during the measurements. It has been demonstrated previously that IR-spectroscopy fulfills these requirements. Recently, the development of FTIR-spectrometry provides the sensitivity and speed necessary to study also shortliving intermediates generated in a spectroelectrochemical cell during potentiodynamic measurements. This paper deals with the advantages and limi-tations of the different IR-spectroscopic reflection techniques developed and applied since 1980 for the in situ study of metal and organic polymer electrodes in contact with aaueous and non aqueous electrolytes (external reflection techniques, internal reflection technique) . Special emphasis is placed on recent combined electrochemical and FTIR-ATR-spectroscopic investigations on polythiophene, poly-3-methylthiophene and polybithiophene.
6 Evaluating the recognition of a large rotated object in domestic horses (equus caballus) (2020)

Abstract It is dangerous for both riders and horses when the horse suddenly startles. Sometimes horses do this in a familiar environment, with a possible cause being that familiar objects may look different when they are rotated. The purpose of this study was to determine if a horse that had been habituated to a large object (children’s plastic playset) would perceive the object as novel when the object was rotated 90 degrees. Twenty-four young horses were habituated to one side of the playset and led 15 times by a handler until they showed no behavioral reactions. The behavioral signs observed and analyzed were ears focused on the object, nostril flares, neck raising, obvious exhale, avoid by leaning away, and avoid by moving side. The most common reactions observed were ears focused on the object, nostril flares and neck raising. Reactions were mild, because the horses used were safe to lead and all procedures were done at a walk. When the playset was rotated, the behavioral signs observed were similar to behaviors shown on the first exposure to the playset. An unpaired two-sample Wilcoxon test was performed on the behavioral signs, comparing the number of behavioral signs present on pass 1 compared to pass 16 (rotated). There was a significant difference between the control and rotated group (W = 9.5, P = 0.001572, P &amp;lt; 0.05). Horses previously habituated to a large object perceived the rotated object as novel. Horse safety can possibly be improved by habituating a horse to all sides of a novel object.
Modulation of Heat Pain Perception by High Frequency Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) (1991)

Although many studies have indicated that high frequency nonpainful transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) reduces clinical pain, controlled studies of the modulation of experimental pain by TENS have produced conflicting results. This study evaluated the effect of high frequency nonpainful TENS on heat pain perception using a model that we have previously shown to be sensitive to other nonpharmacological analgesic treatments. We found that TENS significantly reduced subjects' ratings of painful and near painful heat stimuli (43-51 degrees C) (p = 0.01) and increased the pain threshold from 46.7 to 47.9 degrees C (p = 0.002). Placebo stimulation had no effect on the subjects' ratings or on their pain thresholds. Furthermore, TENS did not alter subjects' ratings of visual stimuli, indicating that the analgesic effect was not due to a nonspecific distraction. These data suggest that TENS alters the perception of experimentally produced natural pain stimuli. The TENS related modulation also appears to be comparable to that produced by other nonpharmacological analgesic manipulations such as counterirritation and changes in attention.
ChemInform Abstract: A Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of the N‐Terminal Amino Acid Analogue of Nikkomycin B and Bx. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Comparison of therapeutic effects between topical 8-oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine and corticosteroid in ocular alkali burn model (2021)

We compared the therapeutic effects of topical 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) and corticosteroid in a murine ocular alkali burn model. (n = 128) The corneal alkali burn model was established by applying 0.1 N sodium hydroxide (NaOH), followed by treatment with 8-oxo-dG, 0.1% fluorometholone (FML), 1% prednisolone acetate (PDE), or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) twice daily. One week later, the clinical and histological status of the cornea were assessed. Transcript levels of inflammatory cytokines and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase as well as the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in the cornea, were assayed. The 8-oxo-dG and PDE groups showed marked improvements in corneal integrity and clarity when compared with the PBS group (each p < 0.01). The numbers of cells stained for neutrophil elastase and F4/80-positive inflammatory cells were significantly decreased, with levels of interleukin(IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α, and total ROS/RNS amounts markedly reduced in the 8-oxo-dG, FML, and PDE groups (each p < 0.05). Levels of NADPH oxidase type 2 and 4 were substantially more repressed in the 8-oxo-dG-treated group than in the PDE-treated group (each p < 0.05). Topical 8-oxo-dG showed excellent therapeutic effects that were comparable with those treated with topical PDE in a murine ocular alkali burn model.
Anisotropic reflection from femtosecond laser directly-written structures (2003)

Summary form only given. In recent years, the use of focused femtosecond laser pulses to direct-write three-dimensional arrays of waveguides, couplers and other devices within the bulk of glass has become increasingly prevalent. The study of the physical damage created by such lasers has also begun to be investigated with properties such as anomalous anisotropic light scattering, and uniaxial birefringence being observed in irradiated samples. At present, the microscopic processes underlying such anisotropies remain unclear. We have identified an additional property present in fused silica which is apparent after being irradiated by an amplified Ti:sapphire femtosecond laser system-strong reflection from the damaged region occurs only along the direction of polarization of the writing laser.
Conformation dynamics of non-, singly- and doubly-N-fused [28]hexaphyrins revealed by photophysical studies (2011)

Conformational flexibility and balance between Möbius aromatic and Hückel antiaromatic conformers in [28]hexaphyrins depend on N-fused structure and meso-aryl substituents, revealed by various spectroscopic methods. In particular, the existence of the two conformers has been confirmed for singly-N-fused [28]hexaphyrins by femtosecond time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy.
Initial adjuvant weekly high dose methotrexate with leucovorin rescue in advanced squamous carcinoma of the head and neck. [Complications of multimodal therapy] (1978)

Despite aggressive local therapy, advanced head and neck cancer continues to have a poor prognosis. In an attempt to improve survival in this disease, the Joint Center for Radiation Therapy and the Sidney Farber Cancer Institute instituted a pilot study employing high dose methotrexate with leucovorin rescue (3.5 to 7.5 g/m/sup 2/) as an adjuvant to aggressive radiotherapy and surgery. A high response rate of 60 percent (9/15) with no compromise of definitive therapy indicates such cooperation multimodality trials may hold promise for an increase in cure rates in these patients.
Monitoring Immigration Enforcement (2011)

More than two-thirds of the unauthorized immigrant population - roughly eight million out of 11.2 million - is in our nation’s workforce, and growing evidence suggests that unauthorized workers are more likely than their authorized counterparts to experience workplace-related violations. Although scholars have begun shifting their focus to the agencies empowered to regulate immigrants in the workplace, important questions remain unanswered. Why, for example, has the Department of Labor (“DOL”), our nation’s top labor enforcement agency, struggled to protect unauthorized workers against this exploitation despite the scope and seriousness of the problem? And why has Immigration and Customs Enforcement (“ICE”), our nation’s top immigration enforcement agency, resisted taking into account the labor consequences of their actions? Our ignorance is becoming increasingly indefensible given that agencies often have the final word within an immigration universe characterized by legislative stasis. A closer look reveals a peculiar dynamic: ICE has relatively little interest in regulating the relationship between employers and unauthorized workers, while the DOL has a relatively high interest but lacks the autonomy to effectively do so - a dynamic that tends to foster interagency conflict, ultimately enabling the problem of labor exploitation to persist. What is the way out? Borrowing the insights of administrative law scholars, this Article argues that increasing the ability of the DOL to monitor immigration enforcement decisions can help minimize the externalities that ICE actions ordinarily force the DOL to absorb. This monitoring framework constrains the ex ante stage of decision-making, complements existing immigration scholarship (which has tended to focus on ex post remedies like expanding the ability of the DOL to issue temporary visas), and pushes back on ICE’s law enforcement culture (which has traditionally resisted the incorporation of labor norms). Moreover, the monitoring framework is able to track evolving problems of coordination and to identify emerging vulnerabilities as the Executive’s immigration enforcement authority continues to grow and outpace the development of adequate constraints on the exercise of that authority.
Parallel social information processing circuits are differentially impacted in autism (2020)

Abstract Parallel processing circuits are thought to dramatically expand the network capabilities of the nervous system. Magnocellular and parvocellular oxytocin neurons have been proposed to subserve two parallel streams of social information processing, which allow a single molecule to encode a diverse array of ethologically distinct behaviors, although to date direct evidence to support this hypothesis is lacking. Here we provide the first comprehensive characterization of magnocellular and parvocellular oxytocin neurons, validated across anatomical, projection target, electrophysiological, and transcriptional criteria. We next used novel multiple feature selection tools in Fmr1 KO mice to provide direct evidence that normal functioning of the parvocellular but not magnocellular oxytocin pathway is required for autism-relevant social reward behavior. Finally, we demonstrate that autism risk genes are uniquely enriched in parvocellular oxytocin neurons. Taken together these results provide the first evidence that oxytocin pathway specific pathogenic mechanisms account for social impairments across a broad range of autism etiologies. One Sentence Summary Pathoclisis of parvocellular oxytocin neurons plays an important role in the pathogenesis of social impairments in autism.
Fast and Almost Complete Nitridation of Mesoporous Silica MCM‐41 with Ammonia in a Plug‐Flow Reactor (2009)

The title reaction proceeded well to yield silicon (oxy)nitride at 973–1323 K using a plug‐flow reactor. The degree of nitridation was studied as a function of temperature and time of nitridation, the sample weight, and the flow rate of ammonia. It was dependent on the reaction temperature and the amount of ammonia supplied per sample weight. The nitridation at 1273 K for 10–25 h yielded the oxynitride with 36–39 wt% nitrogen, which was very close to 40 wt% of Si 3 N 4 . Characterization with X‐ray diffraction, field‐emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy measurements, and nitrogen adsorption revealed the conversion of MCM‐41 to the corresponding oxynitride without essential loss of the mesoporous structure, the decrements of the lattice constant and the pore diameter by 20–35%, and the increments of the wall thickness by ca. 45%. Solid‐state 29 Si nuclear magnetic resonance spectra during the nitridation clearly showed fast decrease in SiO 4 species and slow in SiO 3 (OH). Various intermediate species, SiO x N y (NH 2 or NH) z , were observed to be formed and finally, ca. 70% SiN 4 species, ca. 20% SiN 3 (NH 2 or NH), and ca. 10% SiON 2 (NH 2 or NH) were produced, being consistent with the results of the above mentioned elemental analysis.
Discrepancy sets and pseudorandom generators for combinatorial rectangles (2002)

A common subproblem of DNF approximate counting and derandomizing RL is the discrepancy problem for combinatorial rectangles. We explicitly construct a poly(n)-size sample space that approximates the volume of any combinatorial rectangle in [n]/sup n/ to within o(1) error. The construction extends the previous techniques for the analogous hitting set problem, most notably via discrepancy preserving reductions.
<title>Automatic benchmarking scheme for page segmentation</title> (1994)

An automatic bitmap-level, set-based benchmarking scheme for page segmentation, comparing results with predefined `ground truth files' containing all the possible correct solutions, is presented. A successful page segmentation is a necessary precondition for a document recognition process to be successful. The problems addressed here are: design methods to describe all possible correct segmentations for a given page and design methods to compare two segmentations. The proposed segmentation ground truth representation scheme defines ground truth text regions as non-mergeable maximal sets of text lines, merged in a language- dependent direction. It includes the other possible correct segmentations in that authorized cuts in the region are explicitly specified. At this low-level stage, quality criteria for a page segmentation are mainly defined as providing correct input for region ordering and classification. The qualitative and quantitative evaluation method tests the overlap between the two sets of regions. In fact, the regions are defined as being the black pixels contained in the derived polygons.
Computational Representations and Methods for Modeling Teams (2008)

The study of team effectiveness has historically relied largely on experimental and naturalistic data from empirical human teams, typically analyzed and summarized by mathematical and statistical analysis methods. Computational modeling, in contrast, has been much less frequently employed. This low use of modeling is particularly noticeable in comparison with the life or physical sciences or even with other branches of behavioral science such as cognitive science or linguistics. In these latter areas, computational modeling is routinely used as a core scientific method for managing complexity, for comparing and testing theories, and for dealing with problems and limitations to empirical observation and experimental control. Such issues apply to team performance and effectiveness research, suggesting that the broader use of computational modeling would be both appropriate and highly beneficial to the field. The existing body of work on computational modeling of teams, although small, can form a foundation for more widespread use of this approach. This chapter provides an overview of the use of computational models in team effectiveness, focusing on the differences among the various types of models and the various purposes that computational models of teams may serve.
The design and implementation of a JCA-compliant capture protection infrastructure (2004)

A capture protection server protects a cryptographic key on a device that may be captured by authenticating the user of the device (e.g., by password) before permitting the key to be used. Delegation from one capture protection server to another enables the new server to perform this capture protection function for the device. Delegation, however, opens the system to new vulnerabilities, including difficulties in limiting online password-guessing attacks and in disabling a device that has been stolen by an attacker who knows the password. Here we propose a lightweight protocol for coordinating capture protection servers that eliminates these vulnerabilities. We also report on the implementation of our protocol in a JCA-compliant cryptographic service provider, and ramifications of the JCA interfaces for our approach.
Massive accumulation of phosphatidic acid in conditionally lethal CDP-diglyceride synthetase mutants and cytidine auxotrophs of Escherichia coli. (1982)

Escherichia coli mutants partially defective in CTP: phosphatidic acid cytidylyltransferase (CDP-diglyceride synthetase) are more resistant to the antibiotic erythromycin than are isogenic wild type strains. When 100 micrograms/ml erythromycin is added to nutrient agar plates, it is possible to obtain a 30-fold enrichment for cds mutants from a mutagen-treated stock, as judged by colony autoradiography (Ganong, B. R., Leonard, J. M., and Raetz, C. R. H. (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 1623-1629). Using this approach, we have isolated 38 new cds mutants, nine of which are unable to grow at a culture pH greater than 8. A typical conditionally lethal mutant like GN80 contains a 3 to 5% phosphatidic acid below pH 7. Above pH 8, GN80 accumulates phosphatidic acid to about 30% of the total membrane lipid, while the de novo syntheses of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol are abruptly inhibited by over 10-fold. GN80 loses viability after 60 min at pH 8.5, and the liponucleotide pool of GN80 is about one-seventh that of an isogenic wild type, GN85, under these conditions. The pH optimum of the residual CDP-diglyceride synthetase present in extracts of GN80 is 0.5 pH units lower than normal. Twenty-one of 26 spontaneous pH-resistant revertants of GN80 concomitantly regain parental levels of the enzyme. Our results constitute definitive physiological proof that CDP-diglyceride is an obligatory precursor for over 90% of the phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol in E. coli. Independent evidence for this is provided by the observation that cytidine auxotrophs, which are defective in the conversion of UTP to CTP, also accumulate very high levels of phosphatidic acid after 1 h of cytidine starvation.
TWO-STAGE METRIC LEARNING PROCEDURE FOR FACIAL SIGNATURE AUTHENTICATION (2007)

We present the two-stage adaptive metric learning procedure with improved generalization of missing training data for facial signature authentication. The conventional learning models suffer from degraded recognition rates due to poor estimation of decision boundary to classify impostor patterns. The two-stage networks combine multiple image synthesis methods to assume mixture patterns of training classes and facilitate threshold setting of false acceptance/rejection rates. The margin size of a decision boundary is adjusted to input patterns obtained from synthesized images and depends on the choice of the mixing factor. The present method effectively reduces the margin of a class with an improved recognition rate to classify impostor patterns from 82.2% to 98.8%. Furthermore, we examine the margin structure of the mixture distributions by using the Support Vector Machines.