gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Case History of Steam Injection Operations at Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 3, Teapot Dome Field, Wyoming: A Shallow Heterogeneous Light-Oil Reservoir (1993)

ABSTRACT This paper summarizes the steam injection operations of the Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 3 (NPR-3), Teapot Dome field, Wyoming, a federally owned oilfield, located about 35 miles north of Casper, Wyoming. More than 24 million barrels of oil has been produced since initiation of production in 1922; more than 15 million barrels has been produced since full production began in 1976. The Shannon sandstone is the shallowest (350 to 500 ft) and most productive of nine producing zones and accounts for 55% of current production. The Shannon, composed of the Upper and Lower Shannon sandstones, was deposited as an offshore bar where bar margin, inter bar and bioturbated shelf sandstones are the reservoir. The reservoir is faulted and extensively fractured, with the two sandstone intervals separated by shaly non-productive siltstone. Maximum gross sand thickness is 100 ft with an average porosity of 18% and 63 mD air permeability. Since only 5% of the Shannon's 144 million barrels of original oil-in-place was estimated to be recoverable by primary means, a study of recovery technologies was conducted in 1980 resulting in implementation of a polymer-improved waterflood pilot and an in situ combustion pilot in 1981. The polymer pilot was unsuccessful, while the in situ combustion pilot was considered a technical success although marginally economic. Favorable response to steam preheating in the in situ combustion pilot led to the development of a steamdrive pilot in October 1985. Favorable response in the steamflood pilot led to recent rapid expansion. Currently 150 acres are being flooded using five 50MMBtu/hr steam generators. The history of the steamflood has been reviewed in an effort to document successful application of steamflooding in a shallow, very heterogeneous, low-permeability, light oil (32° API gravity) reservoir which defies conventional screening criteria.
Organocatalytic Conjugate Addition of Malononitrile to Conformationally Restricted Dienones (2011)

Organocatalytic conjugate addition of malononitrile to conformationally restricted dienones has been studied. A series of chiral primary and tertiary amine catalysts were screened. A piperidine-based thiourea-tertiary amine was found to be the efficient catalyst. Chiral pyran derivatives were obtained in excellent yields and enantioselectivities via a cascade conjugate addition-intramolecular cyclization pathway. The reaction is remarkably different for the corresponding reaction of conformationally flexible dienones.
Power-constrained RGB-to-RGBW conversion for emissive displays (2014)

We propose a novel power-constrained RGB-to-RGBW conversion algorithm for emissive RGBW displays. We measure the perceived color distortion using a color difference model in a perceptually uniform color space, and compute the power consumption for displaying an RGBW pixel on an emissive display. The main contribution is to formulate the optimization problem to minimize the color distortion subject to the constraint on the power consumption. Then, we solve it efficiently to convert an image in real time. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm provides significantly less color distortion than the conventional methods while providing a graceful trade-off with the amount of power consumed.
Identification of a bovine surface antigen uniquely expressed on CD4−CD8− T cell receptor γ/δ+ T lymphocytes (1990)

In this study, two monoclonal antibodies, IL-A29 and CC15, are described that identify a novel bovine cell surface marker of 215/300 kDa. The antibodies reacted with a discrete population of resting lymphocytes in peripheral blood which, in young animals, constituted about 25% of the mononuclear cells. Thymus, lymph nodes and spleen contained less than 5% positive cells. These cells were negative for surface Ig, a monocyte/granulocyte marker, and the T lymphocyte antigens CD2, CD6, CD4 and CD8. Immunohistological analyses revealed the presence of IL-A29/CC15-positive lymphocytes in the thymic medulla, in the outer cortex of lymph nodes, in the marginal zones of the spleen, in the dermal and epidermal layers of the skin and in the lamina propria of the gut. The IL-A29/CC15+ cells in unfractionated blood mononuclear cells responded in autologous and allogeneic mixed lymphocyte cultures, and when purified they responded to concanavalin A in the presence of recombinant interleukin 2. These observations suggested this population of cells belonged to the T cell lineage. In order to unambiguously define their lineage, cDNA clones encoding bovine T cell receptor (TcR) and CD3 proteins were isolated. Northern blot analyses of IL-A29/CC15+ cell populations and of established cell lines of various lineages demonstrated that they expressed TcR delta and CD3 gamma, delta and epsilon mRNA: TcR alpha was not expressed, whereas only a truncated form of TcR beta mRNA was present. These results indicate that the IL-A29 and CC15 antibodies define a unique population of CD4-CD8-, gamma/delta T cells.
Postprandial Glycaemia, Insulinemia, and Lipidemia after 12 Weeks’ Cheese Consumption: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Human Sub-Study (2023)

Some populations are recommended to consume low-fat dairy, although the evidence behind replacing high-fat with low-fat dairy products is limited. This exploratory sub-study investigated the effect of cheese with different fat content on postprandial changes in type-2-diabetes risk markers. Following 12-week cheese or jam intake, a 4 h meal test was conducted with 37 participants. Test meals included bread and either: 80 g regular-fat cheese (REG), 80 g reduced-fat cheese (RED) or 25 g jam (CHO). Postprandial blood was drawn and appetite sensations registered. Time-meal interactions were not observed for glucose and insulin, but for triglycerides (TG) and free fatty acids (FFA). Pairwise comparisons showed 0.17 ± 0.07 mmol/L (p = 0.044) and 0.25 ± 0.07 mmol/L (p = 0.002) higher TG at 180 and 240 min, respectively, and 94 ± 37 mmol/L (p = 0.029) higher FFA at 180 min for REG compared with RED. Compared with CHO, intake of both cheese meals reduced insulin and glucose (main effects of meal, both p ≤ 0.011) and increased FFA and TG at certain time points. In conclusion, intake of cheese with a regular, compared with reduced, fat content did not affect glucose, insulin and appetite, but increased TG and FFA.
Integração via mercado de capitais (2010)

Aproveitando o bom momento experimentado pelo mercado de capitais brasileiro, entidades do mercado direcionam seus esforços para tornar o país um polo de atração de investimentos para toda a América Latina
Selective Degradation of Cytosolic Proteins by Lysosomesa (1992)

Lysosomes are able to internalize cellular proteins in a variety of ways. One pathway is selective for cytosolic proteins containing peptide sequences biochemically related to Lys-Phe-Glu-Arg-Gln (KFERQ). This pathway is activated in confluent monolayers of cultured cells in response to deprivation of serum growth factors and applies to approximately 30% of cytosolic proteins. We have reconstituted this lysosomal degradation pathway in vitro. Uptake and/or degradation is stimulated by ATP and a member of the heat shock 70-kilodalton protein family, the 73-kilodalton constitutive heat shock protein. Several possible mechanisms of selective protein transport into lysosomes and the possible relevance of this proteolytic pathway to the processing of the amyloid precursor protein are discussed.
The Use of Models in Reservoir Engineering Studies - An Appraisal (1951)

Abstract An examination is made of the subject matter of the science of reservoir engineering. It is seen that of the several remaining unsolved aspects, the estimation of reserves and recovery presents a problem of practical importance. This problem, as well as many others encountered in the study of reservoir engineering, is of such complexity that rigorous analytical solution is not possible. In special cases approximate solutions are possible but these usually give information of only qualitative significance. The conclusion is thus made that study of these complex reservoir engineering problems by models might be an acceptable substitute procedure. Therefore, the basic postulates of dimensional analysis are reviewed, and the theory of model construction is described. Model types are classified as physical and analog models, scaled and unscaled models, and exact and verification models. Examples of these types are given, followed by a general discussion of the application of models for the solution of reservoir problems. Reference is also made to the limitations of model work and to the practical difficulties encountered in the laboratory construction of models. Finally, a new type of model called the fluid mapper, which heretofore has not been described in the literature of reservoir engineering, is discussed both with regard to the underlying theory and with regard to possible specific applications. The general conclusion is drawn that some of the advantages of model study have been largely overlooked by reservoir engineers. Specifically, it is concluded that model study provides the most suitable procedure for evaluation of reserve and recovery factors. It is also concluded that the fluid mapper model technique offers promise of solving certain reservoir engineering problems which heretofore have defied analytical description.
Designing for Large-Displacement Stability in Aircraft Power Systems (2008)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Due to the instabilities that may occur in power systems with regulated loads such as those used in military aircraft, ships, and terrestrial vehicles, many analysis techniques and design methodologies have been developed to ensure stable operation for expected operating conditions. However, many of these techniques are difficult to apply to complex systems and do not guarantee large-displacement stability following major disturbances such as faults, regenerative operation, large pulsed loads, and/or the loss of generating capacity. In this paper, a design paradigm is set forth guaranteeing large-displacement stability of a power system containing a significant penetration of regulated (constant-power) loads for any value of load power up to and including the steady-state rating of the source. Initial investigations are performed using an idealized model of a dc-source to determine the minimum requirements that ensure large-displacement stability. These investigations illustrate that a three-way tradeoff exists between the responsiveness of the source, its transient overload capacity, and the dc-bus capacitance. These results are then extended to a detailed design of a permanent-magnet generator/ rectifier source that is large-displacement stable for bounded changes in load power. Formulating the design as an evolutionary optimization problem, the response of system may be improved without compromising stability.&lt;/div&gt;
Effects of Viscosity on Flavor Perception: A Multimodal Approach (2003)

Many compounds that increase the viscosity of liquid foods also have an impact on taste and aroma perception. Whilst specific effects might result from aroma binding to macromolecules, the fundamental changes in perception arising from presentation of viscous stimuli are of more generic interest. This paper examines the poorly understood phenomenon of sweetness and aroma suppression in viscous hydrocolloid solutions. Possible physical causes are discussed alongside a multi-sensory approach to flavor perception developed to account for observed perceptual changes. Oral perception of viscosity can be correlated with the shear-stress developed in-mouth when manipulating liquid samples. Sensed by mechano-receptors, this forms part of the somatosensory input for the oral cavity. It is hypothesized that sensory signals relating to the mouthfeel of a fluid can interact at both neural and psychological levels with the perception of taste and aroma.
Universal Physical Camouflage Attacks on Object Detectors (2020)

In this paper, we study physical adversarial attacks on object detectors in the wild. Previous works mostly craft instance-dependent perturbations only for rigid or planar objects. To this end, we propose to learn an adversarial pattern to effectively attack all instances belonging to the same object category, referred to as Universal Physical Camouflage Attack (UPC). Concretely, UPC crafts camouflage by jointly fooling the region proposal network, as well as misleading the classifier and the regressor to output errors. In order to make UPC effective for non-rigid or non-planar objects, we introduce a set of transformations for mimicking deformable properties. We additionally impose optimization constraint to make generated patterns look natural to human observers. To fairly evaluate the effectiveness of different physical-world attacks, we present the first standardized virtual database, AttackScenes, which simulates the real 3D world in a controllable and reproducible environment. Extensive experiments suggest the superiority of our proposed UPC compared with existing physical adversarial attackers not only in virtual environments (AttackScenes), but also in real-world physical environments.
Supplementary Figure from Phase Ib/II Dose Expansion Study of Lenvatinib Combined with Letrozole in Postmenopausal Women with Hormone Receptor–Positive Breast Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Figure from Phase Ib/II Dose Expansion Study of Lenvatinib Combined with Letrozole in Postmenopausal Women with Hormone Receptor–Positive Breast Cancer
A New Method for Fast and Economical Connection of Large-Diameter Pipe (1974)

American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers, Inc. Discussion of this paper is invited. Three copies of any discussion should be sent to the Society of Petroleum Engineers office. Such discussion may be presented at the above meeting and, with the paper, may be considered for publication in one of the two SPE magazines. Abstract This paper reviews the history of the design, testing, and field usage of a means of pipe connection that eliminates long and costly field welding of large diameter pipes. Originally developed for connecting drive pipe joints used on jackup drilling rigs, it proved its economy over welding: connections that required three or more hours welding time can be made in a matter of a few minutes. The original connectors first used in the field are still in service after six years having been used repeatedly on a number of wells. The high logistic costs associated with offshore construction in deeper water where larger pilings are required makes the long welding time on location unbearably expensive. Also, the long stops required for welding make it extremely difficult to restart the pile moving, sometimes requiring jetting or drilling a relief hole, causing even higher cost. This connector cuts this time to a small fraction of that required for welding. Introduction Historically, lengths of pipe have been joined together in a variety of manners; the oldest being the bell and spigot joint which is still widely used today. Lengths of pipe are also joined together by threaded collars, integral male and female threads, couplings, flanges, by welding, etc..
Follow-up Care for Cancer: Making the Benefits Equal the Cost (2000)

The premise that early diagnosis of certain types of malignancies improves outcome and survival is a cornerstone of modern medicine. Routine use of the Pap smear has been associated with reduced mortality from cervical cancer. Randomized trials
Dynamic Counterbalancing of a Pneumatically Driven Expander of a Split Stirling Linear Cryogenic Cooler (2004)

Low vibration export from the pneumatically driven displacer of a split Stirling cryogenic cooler is achieved by placing an auxiliary movable mass inside the hot side of the cold finger and flexibly connecting it to a displacer and to a stationary part of the cold finger housing using auxiliary mechanical springs.A theoretical analysis yields a simple condition of dynamic counterbalancing relating driving frequency, the masses of the displacer and counterbalancer and the rates of the above two auxiliary springs. This condition appears to be absolutely independent of the thermodynamics of the cryogenic cooler and mechanical imperfections in the cold finger and, therefore, holds true for the entire range of the cooler working conditions (cold finger and reject temperatures, heat loading, charge pressure, etc).The authors successfully attempted to redesign the existing expander of the Stirling Ricor model K535 cryocooler, where the vibration export at the driving frequency was reduced 150‐fold under typical thermal loading and at the same power consumption in the entire working range.
Prognostic significance of survivin in rectal cancer patients treated with surgery and postoperative concurrent chemo-radiation therapy (2016)

Overexpression of nuclear and cytoplasmic survivin in locally advanced rectal cancer patients was associated with a higher recurrence rate in rectal cancer patients treated with TME followed by postoperative CCRT.
Coupled molecular dynamics/semiempirical simulation of organic solutes in polar liquids. I. Naphthalene in acetonitrile (2001)

In this paper we present coupled quantum mechanical/molecular dynamics simulations on the solvation of naphthalene in acetonitrile. A semiempirical treatment is introduced into classical molecular dynamics simulations to deal with the electronic polarizability of the solute. We study the structure of the solvation shell, the features of the electrostatic intermolecular interactions, the dynamics of solute and solvent molecules and the spectral shifts of the solute. For this particular system it is found that the influence of induced electrostatic interaction on the structure of the solvation shell is negligible. On the other hand, net induced dipolar contributions arise in the electrostatic interactions, in spite of the fact that the electric field is found to be inhomogeneous at the scale of the solute molecule. These induced dipolar interactions enhance the calculated absorption and emission shifts and contribute up to 40% to the electrostatic spectral shifts. They also modify or even dominate the fluctuations of the solute–solvent interaction and thus the solvation response. Both shifts and solvation dynamics are discussed in terms of dipole and quadrupole jumps.
Computational genome analysis (1997)

This thesis is concerned with computational approaches to genome analysis. We discuss three biological applications: genomic rearrangements, gene recognitions, and genome sequencing, all of whose practical solutions involve interesting algorithm problems.
In the genomic rearrangements, we seek to reconstruct the evolutionary history of the genome. We study the distance between genomes using fixed-length inversions and give a complete theoretical characterization for both linear and circular genomes. We also prove upper and lower bounds to the minimum distance.
Pattern recognition is central to many gene recognition systems. We apply linear discriminant analysis in a special program called Pombe to identify protein coding regions in the Schizosaccharomyces pombe genome. The accuracy of gene structures we predicted is 97.2% correlation coefficient at the nucleotide level by cross validation.
In a large scale genome sequencing project, we show that data structures are powerful in many pattern matching applications. We introduce a heuristic to speed up fragment assembly and implement it using a data structure called suffix array, which greatly improves the speed of overlap detection by up to 1,000 times while maintaining a high accuracy.
Finally, we report a recent progress on this sequencing project and the assembly program STROLL. Compared with other widely used assemblers, STROLL is significantly faster and more reliable to handle repeat regions.
In the last chapter, we point our future research to some open problems which are of great interest to both computer scientists and biologists.
Minimal Residual Disease in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Comparative Study of Flow Cytometry and Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RQ-PCR). (2004)

Abstract Approximately 25% of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) relapse after frontline therapy. Current stratification methods using clinical/biological criteria fail to identify a significant proportion of these children. Numerically more patients classified as standard/medium risk relapse than those with high-risk ALL. Early identification of this group with intensification of therapy may prevent this. We compare two techniques, multi-parameter flow cytometry (FCM) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RQ-PCR) to monitor minimal residual disease (MRD) in bone marrow after initial therapy in newly diagnosed patients. We report our initial experience in patients with B-lineage ALL from a single institution (CHW) treated on the ANZ Haematology-Oncology Group Study VIII protocol for ALL. Multiparameter FCM was performed using two different four colour combinations of antibodies: CD19APC/CD45PerCP/CD10FITC/CD20PE and CD19APC/CD45PerCP/CD34FITC/CD9PE. A series of dual parameter displays were generated to define normal B cell differentiation pathways and this allowed the discrimination of malignant precursor B cells. RQ-PCR used clone specific primers and Taqman probes selected after sequencing the immunoglobulin heavy chain and/or T cell receptor gene rearrangements detected in the diagnosis DNA. The RQ-PCR assays had greater sensitivity and were highly reproducible. The timepoints used for analysis were Day 33 (D33) and D79, following induction and consolidation respectively. Of 45 patients, 44 (98%) had informative RQ-PCR markers: 12 (27%) with high MRD levels at D33 (&amp;gt;10−3) while 3 (6.7%) had high levels at D79. In contrast by FCM 5 (11.1%) had positive MRD (&amp;gt;0.1%) on D33 compared with 7 (15.6%) on D79. The 3 with high MRD on RQ-PCR at D79 were also identified by FCM. 2 of these 3 patients had been classified as standard/medium risk by conventional criteria. These two techniques may be complementary in identifying patients with significant MRD. Only a proportion of patients were identified by both methods. Long term follow up and ongoing recruitment will help delineate the optimal surveillance/stratification strategy by correlating these findings with outcome.
Comparing Volume Loss in Neuroanatomical Regions of Emotion versus Regions of Cognition in Healthy Aging (2016)

Many emotional functions are relatively preserved in aging despite declines in several cognitive domains and physical health. High levels of happiness exist even among centenarians. To address the hypothesis of whether preservation of emotional function in healthy aging may relate to different rates of age-related volume loss across brain structures, we performed two volumetric analyses on structural magnetic resonance neuroimaging of a group of healthy aging research participants using Freesurfer version 5.1. Volumes selected as supporting cognition included bilateral midfrontal and lateral frontal gyri, lateral parietal and temporal cortex, and medial temporal lobes. Volumes supporting emotion included bilateral amygdala, rostral anterior cingulate, insula, orbitofrontal cortex, and nucleus accumbens. A cross-sectional analysis was performed using structural MRI scans from 258 subjects. We found no difference in proportional change between groups. A longitudinal mixed effects model was used to compare regional changes over time in a subset of 84 subjects. Again, there was no difference in proportional change over time. While our results suggest that aging does not collectively target cognitive brain regions more than emotional regions, subgroup analysis suggests relative preservation of the anterior cingulate cortex, with greater volume loss in the nucleus accumbens. Implications of these relative rates of age-related volume loss in healthy aging are discussed and merit further research.