gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Physical Layer Security for Visible Light Communication Systems: A Survey (2020)

Due to the dramatic increase in high data rate services and in order to meet the demands of the fifth-generation (5G) networks, researchers from both academia and industry are exploring advanced transmission techniques, new network architectures and new frequency spectrum such as the visible light and the millimeter wave (mmWave) spectra. Visible light communication (VLC) particularly is an emerging technology that has been introduced as a promising solution for 5G and beyond, owing to the large unexploited spectrum, which translates to significantly high data rates. Although VLC systems are more immune against interference and less susceptible to security vulnerabilities since light does not penetrate through walls, security issues arise naturally in VLC channels due to their open and broadcasting nature, compared to fiber-optic systems. In addition, since VLC is considered to be an enabling technology for 5G, and security is one of the 5G fundamental requirements, security issues should be carefully addressed and resolved in the VLC context. On the other hand, due to the success of physical layer security (PLS) in improving the security of radio-frequency (RF) wireless networks, extending such PLS techniques to VLC systems has been of great interest. Only two survey papers on security in VLC have been published in the literature. However, a comparative and unified survey on PLS for VLC from information theoretic and signal processing point of views is still missing. This paper covers almost all aspects of PLS for VLC, including different channel models, input distributions, network configurations, precoding/signaling strategies, and secrecy capacity and information rates. Furthermore, we propose a number of timely and open research directions for PLS-VLC systems, including the application of measurement-based indoor and outdoor channel models, incorporating user mobility and device orientation into the channel model, and combining VLC and RF systems to realize the potential of such technologies.
Analysis of Spanish scientific output following the Joint Action Program (Acciones Integradas) of the Ministry of Science and Technology (MCYT) (2005)

The Joint Action Program is one of the instruments of the Spanish National R&D System, to promote the mobility of scientists as well as co-operation with foreign research centers of prestige. This work aims to evaluate this Joint Action Program, by means of the scientific output resulting from the joint research projects supported during the period 1996 to 1999. The main indicator is the co-authored articles published in international journals. This evaluation takes also into account the consolidation of previous scientific relationships among Spanish and foreign partners, the establishing of new collaborations and the participation of PhD students in the Actions financed. Results from this study allow us to conclude that the Joint Action Program of the Spanish MCYT efficiently promotes the exchange of scientific and technical knowledge and the mobility of researchers. Copyright , Beech Tree Publishing.
The purification effect of the foam separating system in living fish transportation and preservation. (1991)

The foam separating system was examined in terms of the removability of pollutants from fish-rearing seawater in living fish transportation and preservation. The foam-separating system consisted of fish-rearing tank (seawater volume of 890 l; sea bream Pagrus major weight of 50kg), a circulation pump, an air-inhale-discharge-type aerator unit, a foam-separating unit and a filtering unit. The fish-rearing seawater and separated foam wastewater were analyzed every 3-6h for two days. The pH, DO, turbidity, NO3-N, NO2-N, total viable bacteria, and vibrios in fish-rearing seawater were maintained for two days at 7.5-7.9, 7.2-7.4mg/l(17°C), 1-2 TU, ND-0.005mg/l, 0.01-0.08mg/l, <105 CFU/ml, and 20-30CFU/ml, respectively. The concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and NH4-N were 21.5mg/l and 9.0mg/l after fish rearing for two days. Turbidity, DOC, total viable bacteria, and vibrios were removed effectively by foam-separating system. The volume of foam wastewater removed during the two-day period was only 1.2% of the initial volume of fish-rearing seawater. The foam-separating system was very effective in removing pollutants from the fish-rearing seawater.
Carbonic anhydrase activity in mitochondria from rat liver. (1982)

An 18O exchange method has been used to determine the location of carbonic anhydrase in mitochondria from rat liver and to examine the role of this enzyme in the kinetics of CO2 in resting and respiring mitochondria. Using digitonin subfractionation, we have determined that a substantial fraction, 40 to 60%, of the carbonic anhydrase activity in the mitochondrion from rat liver is located in the space between the inner and outer membranes; the remaining activity was found in the matrix with no detectable activity in the sedimented membranes. The total catalytic CO2 hydration activity measured in intact mitochondria from rat liver was about 1% of that found in an equal volume of rat erythrocytes. The apparent permeability constant representing the barrier for the diffusion of HCO3(-) from external solution to intramitochondrial carbonic anhydrase, 9 X 10(-5) cm s-1, is near in magnitude to the permeability constant for the diffusion of HCO3(-) across the rat erythrocyte membrane, 4 X 10(-4) cm s-2. Calcium-induced respiratory jumps were shown to cause changes in the rate of 18O exchange between CO2 and H2O that were consistent with a net uptake of CO2 by the mitochondria.
High performance, low power CMOS memories using silicon-on-sapphire technology (1971)

Silicon-on-sapphire (SOS) technology allows the fabrication of complex MOS integrated circuits with high speed performance comparable to that of bipolar circuits but at the expense of only microwatts of quiescent power dissipation. The use of a 1 µm thick single crystal silicon films allows virtual elimination of the parasitic capacitance which seriously degrades the performance of bulk silicon MOS circuits. Complementary MOS/SOS integrated circuits fabricated with self-aligned silicon gate technology and 5 µm channel spacings make 2 nanosecond gate delays and 1 picojoule gate power x delay products possible at 5V operation. In addition to high switching speed and low dynamic power, CMOS/SOS circuits with low leakage currents and therefore low quiescent power can be fabricated. The reverse currents of vertical junction SOS diodes are due to electron-hole generation in the depletion layer and have the voltage dependence predicted by the Sah-Noyce-Shockley theory. Lifetimes on the order of 1 ns have been measured; however, the total junction leakage currents are small (50 pa/mil width at 5 V) due to the extremely small junction areas involved.
Wastewater Treatment Plants as Chemical Observatories to Forecast Ecological and Human Health Risks of Manmade Chemicals (2014)

Thousands of chemicals have been identified as contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), but prioritizing them concerning ecological and human health risks is challenging. We explored the use of sewage treatment plants as chemical observatories to conveniently identify persistent and bioaccumulative CECs, including toxic organohalides. Nationally representative samples of sewage sludge (biosolids) were analyzed for 231 CECs, of which 123 were detected. Ten of the top 11 most abundant CECs in biosolids were found to be high-production volume chemicals, eight of which representing priority chemicals, including three flame retardants, three surfactants and two antimicrobials. A comparison of chemicals detected in nationally representative biological specimens from humans and municipal biosolids revealed 70% overlap. This observed co-occurrence of contaminants in both matrices suggests that the analysis of sewage sludge can inform human health risk assessments by providing current information on toxic exposures in human populations and associated body burdens of harmful environmental pollutants.
Advanvced Power Flow Control Monitoring System with Evaluation of Security Index for the Next Generation Central Dispatching Center (1998)

This paper describes a new advanced security monitoring system for Energy Management System(EMS). In this paper, we propose a new concept called successional static monitoring. The successional static security monitoring system evaluates each snapshot which has different network state. It has been difficult for dynamic security monitoring to simulate all the restoration process, because actual restoration process includes change of network configuration and change of power supply, and all the restoration process can not be simulated successively. In order to realize this new concept, this system includes two simulators. One is Network Simulator that calculates load flow and frequency dynamic characteristic of each snapshot. The other is Dispatch Center Simulator that decides the various command to control generators and searches for the restoration routes when a black out occurs. It includes the intelligent dispatcher model that emulates the various actions of human operators. Also this system calculates the running cost of generation that satisfies trade-off for various security index. With these simulators, this system evaluates the restoration time and estimates restorable loads after contingent faults through the all restoration precess.
Delivery of an ultrashort spatially focused pulse to the other end of a multimode fiber using digital phase conjugation (2015)

Multimode optical fibers potentially allow the transmission of larger amounts of information than their single mode counterparts because of their high number of supported modes. However, propagation of a light pulse through a multimode fiber suffers from spatial distortions due to the superposition of the various exited modes and from time broadening due to modal dispersion. We present a method based on digital phase conjugation to selectively excite in a multimode fiber specific optical fiber modes that follow similar optical paths as they travel through the fiber. The excited modes interfere constructively at the fiber output generating an ultrashort spatially focused pulse. The excitation of a limited number of modes following similar optical paths limits modal dispersion, allowing the transmission of the ultrashort pulse. We have experimentally demonstrated the delivery of a focused spot of pulse width equal to 500 fs through a 30 cm, 200 micrometer core step-index multimode fiber. The results of this study show that two-photon imaging capability can be added to ultra-thin lensless endoscopy using commercial multimode fibers.
Variability of solar UV-B irradiance:in situmonitoring and model calculation of the vitamin D synthetic capacity of sunlight (2011)

The prediction of the biological effects of solar radiation on human health, in particular involving terrestrial level of solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation, requires the development of an adequate methodological strategy for remote sensing. To date, it is well understood that, in appropriate doses, UV radiation is beneficial for people, specifically due to the production of vitamin D3 in the skin from its precursor 7-dehydrocholesterol. But as far as excessive UV exposure causes acute and chronic health effects, in most cases biological activity of solar UV radiation is calculated by weighting solar UV spectra with International Commission on Illumination (CIE) erythemal action spectrum. Yet the beneficial vitamin D synthetic capacity of sunlight cannot be correctly estimated in this way because of the significant difference between the erythemic and vitamin D synthesis action spectra. With due regard to the essential role of vitamin D3 for human health, in this article we examine the possibility of simplified estimation in situ of provitamin D3 photoconversion into previtamin D3 from the UV absorption spectra of an in vitro model of vitamin D synthesis upon exposure to sunlight. A large-scale linear correlation (R = 0.99) was found on a clear summer day between the concentration of accumulated previtamin D3 and maximum absorbance decline in the initial provitamin D3 absorption spectrum. However, long-term observations showed a poorer (R = 0.77) correlation, and a source of ambiguity of such indirect estimation of previtamin D3 concentration is discussed in detail. In addition, we propose a reliable algorithm for the direct calculation of previtamin D3 accumulation using solar UV spectra as input data to the reaction model of previtamin D photosynthesis and demonstrate the critical dependence of previtamin D3 accumulation on stratospheric ozone, season, latitude and cloudiness. The comparison of experimental and simulation data conforms to recent findings on Europe's darker atmosphere in the UV-B and implicates the practical certainty of the presented algorithm for the calculation of the vitamin D synthetic capacity from the remotely sensed solar spectra.
Multi-target Knowledge Distillation via Student Self-reflection (2023)

Abstract Knowledge distillation is a simple yet effective technique for deep model compression, which aims to transfer the knowledge learned by a large teacher model to a small student model. To mimic how the teacher teaches the student, existing knowledge distillation methods mainly adapt an unidirectional knowledge transfer, where the knowledge extracted from different intermedicate layers of the teacher model is used to guide the student model. However, it turns out that the students can learn more effectively through multi-stage learning with a self-reflection in the real-world education scenario, which is nevertheless ignored by current knowledge distillation methods. Inspired by this, we devise a new knowledge distillation framework entitled multi-target knowledge distillation via student self-reflection or MTKD-SSR, which can not only enhance the teacher’s ability in unfolding the knowledge to be distilled, but also improve the student’s capacity of digesting the knowledge. Specifically, the proposed framework consists of three target knowledge distillation mechanisms: a stage-wise channel distillation (SCD), a stage-wise response distillation (SRD), and a cross-stage review distillation (CRD), where SCD and SRD transfer feature-based knowledge (i.e., channel features) and response-based knowledge (i.e., logits) at different stages, respectively; and CRD encourages the student model to conduct self-reflective learning after each stage by a self-distillation of the response-based knowledge. Experimental results on five popular visual recognition datasets, CIFAR-100, Market-1501, CUB200-2011, ImageNet, and Pascal VOC, demonstrate that the proposed framework significantly outperforms recent state-of-the-art knowledge distillation methods.
TCR-inducible PLZF transcription factor required for innate phenotype of a subset of γδ T cells with restricted TCR diversity (2009)

Some gammadelta and alphabeta T lymphocytes exhibit an "innate" phenotype associated with rapid cytokine responses. The PLZF transcription factor is essential for the innate phenotype of NKT cells. This report shows that PLZF is likewise responsible for the innate, NKT-like phenotype of Vgamma1+Vdelta6.3/Vdelta6.4+ cells. TCR cross-linking induced PLZF expression in all polyclonal immature gammadelta thymocytes, suggesting that agonist selection might be required for PLZF induction. Transgenic expression of Vgamma1Vdelta6.4 TCR was sufficient to support the development of large numbers of PLZF+ T cells, further supporting the importance of the TCR for PLZF induction. Interestingly, expression of this TCR transgene led to the development of spontaneous dermatitis.
ChemInform Abstract: Homologation of Boronic Esters with Lithiated Epoxides for the Stereocontrolled Synthesis of 1,2‐ and 1,3‐Diols and 1,2,4‐Triols. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Biogeography of Luminous Marine Ostracod Driven Irreversibly by the Japan Current (2005)

The biogeography of the luminous marine ostracod Vargula hilgendorfii, also called "Umihotaru," shows that this organism may have arrived relatively recently on the Japanese islands during the final glacier period approximately 10,000 years ago. Phylogenetic relationships also strongly indicate that the Japan Current drove the Umihotaru ostracod northward. It is evident that the Umihotaru ostracod spread rapidly to the major Japanese islands 3,000 km north, whereas its spread was slow in the southwest of the Japanese islands, covering a distance of 400 km. The meandering of the Japan Current, where it passes by the Tokara Gap at 28 degrees N latitude, may be a barrier to Umihotaru ostracod extension.
Analysis of Horizontal and Vertical Couplings in Bonding Wire Interconnections Using EFIE with Cylindrical Conduction Mode Basis Functions (2008)

To clarify the initial step of 3-D interconnection design, this paper shows electrical characteristics of vertically and horizontally coupled bonding wire interconnections. For efficient analysis, solving EFIE with cylindrical CMBF is used, and additional approximation methods and matrix manipulation are discussed.
Onset of clinical immunity to Plasmodium falciparum among Javanese migrants to Indonesian Papua (2003)

Onset of clinical immunity to Plasmodium falciparum occurred among Javanese migrants to Indonesian Papua. Surveillance of the 243 migrants investigated began on the day of their arrival in Indonesian Papua and continued for 33 months. Asexual parasitaemia without fever constituted objective evidence of clinical immunity. Compared with first infection, the odds ratio (OR) for not having fever at the fourth infection within 24 months was 3.2 [95% confidence interval (CI)=1.03-10.2; P=0.02]. The corresponding OR with fewer infections within 24 months was not distinguishable from 1.0. The level of the fourth parasitaemia within 24 months (N=58) was classified as 'high' or 'low' in relation to the median count at first infection (840 parasites/microl; N=187). Fourth parasitaemias that were low-but not those that were high (OR=1.8; CI=0.6-5.4; P=0.35)-were associated with dramatic protection from fever (OR=31; CI=3.5-1348; P=0.0001). Among the adult subjects, the risk of fever with low parasitaemia was significantly higher at the first infection than at the fourth (OR=12.6; CI=1.7-530; P=0.005), indicating the development of clinical immunity. A similar but less marked pattern appeared among the children investigated (OR=6.5; CI=0.8-285; P=0.06).
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in the United States (1986)

The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic shows no sign of waning. Recent calculations suggest that several hundred thousand asymptomatic people may have been infected with the putative AIDS agent, HTLV-III/LAV. This review includes an analysis of immunologic data, means of preventing transmission of the syndrome, and a discussion of the psychosocial and ethical impact of the disorder. Also summarized are epidemiologic and clinical parameters of AIDS in the US.
Comparative effect of N-decyl- and N-phenacylmethylpyridinium bromides in acid corrosion of steel (2011)

Comparative analysis of inhibitory effect of N-decyl and N-phenacylmethylpyridinium bromides and their mixtures with potassium chloride, bromide, and iodide, and also with urotropin and paraform was carried out at corrosion of steel 08 KP in 3 M H2SO4 solutions.
Informations bibliographiques (2004)

Présenté dans une édition élégante, cet ouvrage analyse les relations entre Porto Rico et les Etats-Unis au cours du dernier siècle. Juriste de formation, Efrén Ramos s’efforce de mettre au jour les mécanismes par lesquels le droit a contribué à façonner une réalité sociale singulière à Porto Rico. Pour l’auteur, les normes et construits légaux déterminent les luttes pour la définition d’une identité portoricaine spécifique. Cette lutte se nourrit notamment de la tension entre la revendicatio...
Manufacture of Concentrated, Lipid-based Oxygen Microbubble Emulsions by High Shear Homogenization and Serial Concentration (2014)

Gas-filled microbubbles have been developed as ultrasound contrast and drug delivery agents. Microbubbles can be produced by processing surfactants using sonication, mechanical agitation, microfluidic devices, or homogenization. Recently, lipid-based oxygen microbubbles (LOMs) have been designed to deliver oxygen intravenously during medical emergencies, reversing life-threatening hypoxemia, and preventing subsequent organ injury, cardiac arrest, and death. We present methods for scaled-up production of highly oxygenated microbubbles using a closed-loop high-shear homogenizer. The process can produce 2 L of concentrated LOMs (90% by volume) in 90 min. Resulting bubbles have a mean diameter of ~2 μm, and a rheologic profile consistent with that of blood when diluted to 60 volume %. This technique produces LOMs in high capacity and with high oxygen purity, suggesting that this technique may be useful for translational research labs.
Determination of Pranlukast and its metabolites in human plasma by LC/MS/MS with PROSPEKTTM on-line solid-phase extraction (1998)

A highly sensitive and selective liquid chromatography/ionspray tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the determination of Pranlukast and its oxidative metabolites (SB 240103, SB 241484 and SB 218663) in human plasma in order to support pharmacokinetic studies. The method employed direct injection of human plasma into an on-line solid phase extraction (SPE) PROSPEKT instrument for isolation of the analytes followed by column switching to the LC/MS/MS. The use of on-line SPE resulted in reduced sample preparation time and cleaner extracts, therefore minimizing ion suppression and HPLC back-pressures issues. The use of a 20 mM ammonium acetate-methanol system and a step gradient yielded intense ion species, excellent separation between the polar metabolites and the parent drug and sufficient selectivity for baseline resolution of the two positional isomers, SB 240103 and SB 218663. Pranlukast, its metabolites and the internal standard (SK&F 108566) were quantified using a turbo-ionspray interface by negative ion selected reaction monitoring (SRM). The lower limit of quantification (LLQ) for the assay was 10.0 ng ml-1 for Pranlukast and 1.00 ng ml-1 for its metabolites based on a 100 microliters plasma aliquot. The calibration curves were linear for analyte concentrations ranging from 10.0 to 2000 ng ml-1 for Pranlukast and 1.00 to 200 ng ml-1 for the metabolites. The calculated intra- and inter-assay precision from quality control (QC) samples resulted in mean variability values of less than 12% for all analytes. Pranlukast and its metabolites were shown to be stable under routine analysis conditions for clinical trial samples. The method provides automated sample analysis in a total cycle time of 5 min with improved robustness, sensitivity, selectivity, accuracy and reproducibility compared to the existing methodology.
A novel mechanism underlying allosteric regulation of ADAMTS-13 revealed by hydrogen−deuterium exchange plus mass spectrometry (2023)

Our results provide novel insight on how intramolecular interactions may affect conformations of ADAMTS-13, thus regulating its proteolytic functions.