gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reliability of water proton chemical shift temperature calibration for focused ultrasound ablation therapy (2000)

Our purpose in this work was to assess the reliability of the calibration coefficient for magnetic resonance water proton chemical shift temperature mapping. Over a six month period, the calibration coefficient was measured 15 times in several different phantoms. A highly linear relationship between water proton chemical shift and temperature change was found. The average temperature calibration coefficient determined from all studies was 0.009+/-0.001 ppm/degrees C. Four of the 15 studies were conducted on the same day using the same phantom. The average temperature calibration coefficient of these four studies was 0.0096+/-0.0001 ppm/degrees C.
Touchless Control of Heavy Equipment Using Low-Cost Hand Gesture Recognition (2022)

Human-machine interaction using remote hand gestures is becoming increasingly prevalent across various industries. However, their potential application to heavy construction equipment is often overlooked. This article presents a robust and inexpensive hand gesture recognition system that was implemented and tested on a robotic 1-tonne wheel loader. The system uses an RGB camera paired with a laptop to process, in real time, hand gestures to control the loader. We first design four unique gestures for controlling the loader and then collect 26,000 images to train and test a neural network for hand gesture recognition. Our system uses robust landmark detection using an off-the-shelf system prior to gesture recognition. We successfully controlled the loader to excavate in a rock pile by using the proposed hand gesture recognition system.
Optimizing data acquisition by sensor-channel co-allocation in wireless sensor networks (2010)

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) should handle multiple sensing tasks for various applications. How to improve the quality of the data acquired in such resource constrained environment is a challenging issue. In this paper, we propose a sensor-channel co-allocation model for scheduling the sensing tasks. The proposed model considers the capability, coupling and load balancing constraints for sensing data acquisition, and can guarantee transmission of sensed data in real-time while avoiding data incompleteness in an efficient way. A spatiotemporal metric called sensing-span is proposed to evaluate the tasks' execution cost of achieving desired data quality. We extend computation task scheduling a lgorithms to support sensor-channel co-allocation problem and a heuristic called Minimum Service Capability Fragment (MSCF) is introduced for task scheduling to minimize the waste of reserved channel capacity. Simulation results show that MSCF can improve the performance of data acquisition in WSNs as compared with other heuristics, when scheduling a large number of concurrent data acquisition tasks.
Frequency Translation Using Backward-Wave Spontaneous Parametric Downconversion (2023)

We experimentally investigate using backward-wave spontaneous parametric downconversion for frequency translation, where spectral characteristics of the pump wave are transferred to the signal wave.
September 3, 2002 (2002)

Circulation's newest section, Mini-Reviews:
A Real-Time Pitch Detector Based on FPGA (2007)

The paper proposes a real-time pitch detector based on the field programmable logic arrays to meet the needs of the real-time pitch detection. The speech signals are converted into 8-bit digital signals by an 8-bit A/D converter. The frame of speech signals are clipped and are converted into 2-bit digital signals. The pitch of the frame of speech signals is estimated in the autocorrelation function(ACF). The computation of autocorrelation function of the frame of 2-bit digital signals are converted into add and subtract computation, which is easily implemented in combination logic circuits and counters. The paper uses the memories and gates and sequential circuits of Spartan II XC2S30 chip to implement these algorithms, which meets the needs of real-time pitch detector.
Industrial Noise and Conservation of Hearing (2001)

Abstract Exposure to industrial noise and the resulting effect of occupational hearing loss is a common problem across nearly all industries. High noise levels also cause interference with verbal communication and warning signals, which can have a significant impact on safety and work performance. Finally, noise can be considered as a source of stress for workers, producing unwanted physiological and psychological effects that can lead to a degraded quality of life. Typically, noise‐induced hearing loss develops slowly, and usually goes unnoticed until a significant impairment has occurred. Fortunately, occupational hearing loss is nearly always preventable. Prevention of noise‐induced hearing loss benefits the employer as well as the individual employees. An effective hearing conservation program promotes good labor‐management relations, which can lead to increased morale and productivity. Employers enjoy the benefits of reduced medical expenses and worker compensation payments, and employees can expect to maintain their hearing health well into their retirement years.
Synergistic Effect of Rosemary, Sage and Citric Acid on Fatty Acid Retention of Heated Flaxseed Oil (2004)

A study to optimize the use of oleoresin rosemary extract (OR), sage extract (OS) and citric acid (CA) in flaxseed oil during heating was performed using response surface methodology (RSM). Results showed that the natural antioxidants used in this study retarded oil deterioration, as evidenced by retention of fatty acids profiles. Results from this study revealed that the addition of OR and OS effectively retarded flaxseed oil deterioration after 20 times of frying of potato chips. Five type of fatty acids, namely C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2 and C18:3 were found in the oil, with all fatty acids having very good correlations with addition of natural antioxidants used during the frying. Mathematical models to predict the fatty acid composition of flaxseed oil after the frying could be developed with high confidence for all types of fatty acids. Therefore, for optimization purposes, the use of the ratio of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids was chosen because it covers all individual fatty acids present in the oil. After 20 fryings, the ratio best predicted the efficacy of natural antioxidants in preserving flaxseed oil with R2 of 0.954. Further analysis showed that after 20 fryings, all three antioxidants had a significant effect on the ratio. Based on these results, a combination of 0.064% oleoresin rosemary extract, 0.061 sage extract and 0.041% citric acid can be recommended for use in flaxseed oil before deep-fat frying.
Correction: Structure of the Malaria Antigen AMA1 in Complex with a Growth-Inhibitory Antibody (2007)

Correction for: Coley AM, Gupta A, Murphy VJ, Bai T, Kim H, et al. (2007) Structure of the malaria antigen AMA1 in complex with a growth-inhibitory antibody. PLoS Pathog 3(9): e138. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.0030138.

In PLoS Pathogens, volume 3, issue 9:

In the original version of this paper the author order was listed incorrectly. The proper order should read as above.
Glucose dispersion measurement using white-light LCI (2003)

We measured second order dispersion of glucose solution using a Michelson Low Coherent Interferometer (LCI). Three different glucose concentrations: 20mg/dl (hypoglycemia), 100mg/dl (normal level), and 500mg/dl (hyperglycemia) are investigated over the wavelength range 0.5&mu;m to 0.85&mu;m, and the investigation shows that different concentrations are associated with different second-order dispersions. The second-order dispersions for wavelengths from 0.55&mu;m to 0.8&mu;m are determined by Fourier analysis of the interferogram. This approach can be applied to measure the second-order dispersion for distinguishing the different glucose concentrations. It can be considered as a potentially noninvasive method to determine glucose concentration in human eye. A brief discussion is presented in this poster as well.
Negative differential resistance due to single-electron switching (1999)

We present the multilevel fabrication and measurement of a Coulomb-blockade device displaying tunable negative differential resistance (NDR). Applications for devices displaying NDR include amplification, logic, and memory circuits. Our device consists of two Al/AlxOy islands that are strongly coupled by an overlap capacitor. Our measurements agree excellently with a model based on the orthodox theory of single-electron transport.
Measuring the degree of fibrosity of myocardial scars from late gadolinium-enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance images (2013)

We seek to define and measure the degree of fibrosity of the scars in myocardial infarction (MI) patients, and to see if it helps in separating a group of MI patients who have had episodes of ventricular tachycardia (VT) after the infarction from a group of MI patients who have not. Late gadolinium-enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance images of 20 MI patients with VT and 34 without were taken, and the scars demarcated by cardiologists. Various fibrosity measures were defined through weighting the normalised signal intensity distributions of the scars. The fibrosity measures were used as input to a classifier together with the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and the relative scar size. The classification problem being separating the two patient groups and done in a leave-one-out fashion. At a sensitivity of 90%, combining the best fibrosity measure with LVEF gave a specificity of 91% (with 95% confidence interval (CI) 76-98%), whereas LVEF combined with relative scar size yielded 85% (CI: 6994%) and LVEF alone 82% (CI: 66-92%). Capturing the degree of fibrosity of myocardial scars through weighting the scars' normalised signal intensity distributions might be of assistance in evaluating the risk of MI patients getting VT.
Zur Existenz nichtklassischer, cyclisch delokalisierter 4N/5e-Radikalanionen und 4N/6e-Dianionen – Ein- und Zweielektronen-Reduktion nahgeordneter, synperiplanarer Bisdiazene (1998)

Delokalisiert in der N,N,N,N-Ebene sind die fünf bzw. sechs Elektronen der aus rigiden, nahgeordneten Bisdiazenen durch Ein- bzw. Zweielektronen-Reduktion erhaltenen, äußerst beständigen 4N/5e-Radikalanionen (tiefgrün) und σ-bishomoaromatischen 4N/6e-Dianionen (rot) (siehe unten). Deren längstwellige Absorption hängt stark vom Gegenion ab.
Two Modifications of the Weil Osteotomy: Analysis on Sawbone Models (2002)

Second metatarsal osteotomies (30 degrees angle to shaft) were performed in 40 sawbones with: 1. head shifted proximally 5 mm; 2. head shifted proximally 10 mm; 3. 5-mm slice resected and head shifted proximally 5 mm; or 4. 5-mm dorsally based wedge resected and head shifted proximally 5 mm. Bone slice resection resulted in shortening (16.4+/-1.7 mm) and mild plantar displacement of the head (3.5+/-0.8 mm). Bone wedge excision resulted in moderate shortening (7.8+/-0.9 mm) and essentially no plantar displacement of the head (0.8+/-1.4 mm).
Activation of an Au−Cl Bond by a Pendent SbIII Lewis Acid: Impact on Structure and Catalytic Activity (2016)

With the objective of identifying new coordination modes of ambiphilic ligands, we have investigated the bidentate Sb/P ligands (o-(Ph<sub>2</sub> P)C<sub>6</sub> H<sub>4</sub> )SbCl<sub>2</sub> (L<sup>Cl</sup> ) and (o-(Ph<sub>2</sub> P)C<sub>6</sub> H<sub>4</sub> )SbPh<sub>2</sub> (L<sup>Ph</sup> ). Reaction of these ligands with (tht)AuCl affords the monoligated species L<sup>Cl</sup> AuCl (1) and L<sup>Ph</sup> AuCl (2), respectively, in which the antimony centers are only weakly engaged with the coordinated gold atom. Treatment of 1 with PPh<sub>3</sub> induces an intramolecular transfer of a chloride ligand from gold to antimony to form the zwitterionic species o-(Cl<sub>3</sub> Sb)C<sub>6</sub> H<sub>4</sub> (Ph<sub>2</sub> P)Au(PPh<sub>3</sub> ) (3). Natural bond orbital (NBO) calculations show that the antimony and gold centers are involved in weak Sb→Au and Au→Sb interactions, the latter reflecting the Lewis acidity of the pendent antimony group. Finally, we demonstrate that the ability of the antimony center in 1 to abstract a gold-bound chloride in the presence of a Lewis basic substrate may be utilized to activate the gold center for the electrophilic cycloisomerization of propargylic amides.
Fatty acid composition of serum cholesterol esters as a reflector of low‐saturated‐fat, low‐cholesterol diet in young children: the STRIP project (2000)

STRIP (the Special Turku coronary Risk factor Intervention Project) is an ongoing intervention trial which aims at a permanent reduction in the intake of saturated fat and cholesterol starting in childhood. A total of 75 intervention and 63 control children was studied consecutively at the ages of 7 and 13 mo, and 2, 3 and 5 y to evaluate the influence of such intervention on serum cholesterol ester (CE) fatty acid composition, a widely used biomarker of fatty acid intake. Analysis of 4‐d food records showed that total intake of fat and of saturated fat increased with age in both groups of children but was constantly lower in intervention than in control children, e.g. at the age of 5 y the mean intakes of total fat and of saturated fatty acids were 31.1 E% and 33.9 E% and 12.1 E% and 14.6 E% in intervention and control children, respectively ( p = 0.009 and 0.0001, respectively). Serum CE fatty acid compositions did not differ between the 2 groups at any age; the mean proportion of CE linoleic acid was 52.4% and 52.0% in 5‐y‐old intervention and control children, respectively. Correlation analysis showed, however, that the percentage of linoleic acid and of polyunsaturated fatty acids in CE reflected well the respective dietary intakes ( r = 0.36; p = 0.0001 for both coefficients). In conclusion, CE fatty acid composition did not differ between the intervention and control groups, whereas CE linoleic and total polyunsaturated fatty acids reflected well the differences in their intakes at the individual level.
Conformable large-area position-sensitive photodetectors based on luminescence-collecting silicone waveguides (2010)

Position sensitive detection schemes based on the lateral photoeffect rely on inorganic semiconductors. Such position sensitive devices (PSDs) are reliable and robust, but preparation with large active areas is expensive and use on curved substrates is impossible. Here we present a novel route for the fabrication of conformable PSDs which allows easy preparation on large areas, and use on curved surfaces. Our device is based on stretchable silicone waveguides with embedded fluorescent dyes, used in conjunction with small silicon photodiodes. Impinging laser light (e.g., from a laser pointer) is absorbed by the dye in the PSD and re-emitted as fluorescence light at a larger wavelength. Due to the isotropic emission from the fluorescent dye molecules, most of the re-emitted light is coupled into the planar silicone waveguide and directed to the edges of the device. Here the light signals are detected via embedded small silicon photodiodes arranged in a regular pattern. Using a mathematical algorithm derived by extensive using of models from global positioning system (GPS) systems and human activity monitoring, the position of light spots is easily calculated. Additionally, the device shows high durability against mechanical stress, when clamped in an uniaxial stretcher and mechanically loaded up to 15% strain. The ease of fabrication, conformability, and durability of the device suggests its use as interface devices and as sensor skin for future robots.
Accurately Pinpointing 3D Sound in Virtual Environments (2016)

The capabilities of virtual surround sound and lacking compared to its visual counterpart. This disconnect between these two aspects often lead to a less immersive experience in virtual reality. This projects seeks to find a novel solution in creating a realistic virtual surround sound experience using an external software library for the Unity game engine.
Onset of incoherency and defect introduction in the initial stages of molecular beam epitaxical growth of highly strained InxGa1−xAs on GaAs(100) (1990)

Direct evidence for interplanar relaxation in islands at the initial stages of strained epitaxy is presented using molecular beam epitaxically deposited In0.5Ga0.5As on GaAs(100). Concomitant existence of atomic displacements in the substrates to unexpectedly large depths of ∼150 Å is found. In incoherent islands, defects are found to be introduced symmetrically near the island edges.
ChemInform Abstract: A Role for Water Molecules in DNA—Ligand Minor Groove Recognition (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Why forums? (2013)

Over the last decade, the nature of cybercrime has transformed from naive vandalism to profit-driven, leading to the emergence of a global underground economy. A noticeable trend which has surfaced in this economy is the repeated use of forums to operate online stolen data markets. Using interaction data from three prominent carding forums: Shadowcrew, Cardersmarket and Darkmarket, this study sets out to understand why forums are repeatedly chosen to operate online stolen data markets despite numerous successful infiltrations by law enforcement in the past. Drawing on theories from criminology, social psychology, economics and network science, this study has identified four fundamental socio-economic mechanisms offered by carding forums: (1) formal control and coordination; (2) social networking; (3) identity uncertainty mitigation; (4) quality uncertainty mitigation. Together, they give rise to a sophisticated underground market regulatory system that facilitates underground trading over the Internet and thus drives the expansion of the underground economy.
Thiol-dependent metallo-endopeptidase characteristics of Pz-peptidase in rat and rabbit (1990)

Pz-peptidase was purified from rat testis and rabbit muscle. Zinc was detectable in the rat enzyme. The activity of the enzyme from both species was slowly but completely abolished by EDTA and restored by Zn2+. Free thiol groups were also important for the catalytic activity of rat Pz-peptidase, as previously reported for the rabbit enzyme. We conclude that in both species Pz-peptidase has the characteristics of a thiol-dependent metallo-endopeptidase.
Investigation of fall-risk using a wearable device with accelerometers and rate gyroscopes (2006)

A clinical tool and an associated test that can assess fall-risk in elderly patients have been designed. The clinical tool was based on a wearable device with accelerometers and rate gyroscopes to identify trunk kinematic parameters. The test was based on a posturography protocol with different constraints and statistical analysis of the kinematic parameters. Statistical clustering based on the Mahalanobis distance was carried out using three groups of 30 subjects (1, age < 65 years; 2, age > or = 65 years and 3, age > or = 65 years and a fall history). The method was statistically validated using three groups of 100 subjects. The test allowed discrimination of elderly subjects with a high fall-risk with high specificity > or = 0.930 and sensitivity > or = 0.939.
Comparative Antilipoperoxidant, Antinecrotic and Scavanging Properties of Terpenes and Biflavones fromGinkgoand some Flavonoids (1995)

Ginkgo biloba extract is known to be efficient in diseases associated with free radical generation. This study compares the in vitro effect of some constituents of Ginkgo against lipid peroxidation and cell necrosis of isolated rat hepatocytes, and against superoxide anion which is generally implicated in cell damages.
Tissue transglutaminase causes intraocular pressure elevation in mice (2016)

Purpose: The profibrotic cytokine TGF-β2 increases expression of the crosslinking enzyme tissue transglutaminase (TGM2). In the trabecular meshwork (TM), excessive crosslinking of ECM proteins mediated by TGM2 could increase extracellular matrix (ECM) protein deposition, thereby decreasing the aqueous humor outflow facility. We hypothesize that increased expression of TGM2 increased ECM crosslinking in TM cells, and increases aqueous humor outflow resistance leading to elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in mice.\nMethods: MTM cells were grown to confluency and transduced with Ad5.TGM2 (MOI of 75). On Day 5, MTM cells were fixed with 4% PFA for immunocytochemistry (ICC). Ad5.TGM2 (1.28 - 106 pfu in 2ml) was injected intravitreally into the left eye of female BALBc/J retired breeder mice (n = 18). The uninjected (right) eye served as a control. Daytime conscious IOP measurements were taken twice a week using a TonoLab rebound tonometer for approximately 3 weeks. Aqueous humor outflow facilities (C) was studied on day 23 (n = 6) using our published constant flow infusion method.\nResults: In cultured MTM cells, treatment with Ad5.TGM2 increased immunostaining of ε-(γ-glutamyl)lysine (GGEL) bonds, demonstrating increased TGM2 crosslinking activity after treatment with Ad5.TGM2. In BALBc/J mice, injection of Ad5.TGM2 significantly increased IOP from day 14 to 22, with the maximum difference elevation at Day 19, (15.86 +/- 1.06 mmHg (injected) versus 10.7 +/- 0.48 mmHg (control) (p\nConclusion: Increased expression of TGM2 in mouse TM cells increases the ECM cross-linking activity of TGM2. Increased expression of TGM2 in the TM of the living mouse increases aqueous outflow resistance and elevates IOP. In the future, we will study whether TGM2 is responsible for TGF-β2 induced ocular hypertension.
Supplemental Figure 5 from MMP-1 and Pro-MMP-10 as Potential Urinary Pharmacodynamic Biomarkers of FGFR3-Targeted Therapy in Patients with Bladder Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;R3Mab attenuates xenograft growth of UMUC-14 tumors.&lt;/p&gt;
A computational method to aid the detection and annotation of pleural lesions in CT images of the thorax (2019)

Several thoracic diseases can affect the pleural space. Pleural-based lesions usually require a careful and timeconsuming visual inspection of the computed tomography (CT) slices to be detected. In order to facilitate this task, we propose a computational method that automatically detects pleural-based lesion candidates in the lung’s surface. The first step of this method is the segmentation of both lungs. For that purpose, any segmentation method can be applied but in this work we used ALTIS, a fast sequence of image processing operators that automatically segments each lung (i.e., air volume) and the trachea. The proposed approach helps the specialist during the annotation process, allowing the creation of properly annotated datasets, and the development of machine learning methods for computer-aided diagnosis. The evaluation of the proposed method was performed in a set of 40 CT scans of patients with pleural plaques and tumor (lung nodules). Two thoracic radiologists and one pulmonologist assessed the images and provided clinical data. Experiments indicate that the proposed method managed to detect most anomalies in a matter of seconds.