gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental verification of measurement principle in standing wave radar capable of measuring distances down to zero meters (2007)

Abstract In general, it is difficult to measure short distances by radar, which has a minimum detection distance of several meters. The standing wave radar proposed by the present authors has a minimum detection distance of about 2 m when the frequency bandwidth is 76 MHz. A solution to reduce the minimum detection distance is to increase the frequency bandwidth. This is not realistic due to limits imposed by radio regulations. The authors have proposed a method with measurable distances down to 0 m without enlarging the bandwidth and have presented the configuration and the measurement principle. The measurement principle has been verified by numerical simulation. In the present paper, the measurement principle is experimentally verified by using an actual standing wave radar and the realizability of a standing wave radar with measurement capability down to 0 m is confirmed. It is shown that the distance to the target at locations closer than the minimum detection distance of 2 m (0.14, 0.3, 0.5, and 1 m) can be measured with an error of several centimeters for a frequency bandwidth of 76 MHz at 24 GHz. For distances less than 0.14 m, the target could not be placed closer than 0.14 m due to positional interference of the target and the antenna in the present experimental environment so that physical confirmation was not possible. However, at the confirmed distance, the range spectrum predicted from the theory is obtained. Hence, it is considered possible to make measurements without special restrictions. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 90(9): 25– 34, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20375
Chance and Necessity in Bacillus subtilis Development (2013)

ABSTRACT Bacillus subtilis is an important model bacterium for the study of developmental adaptations that enhance survival in the face of fluctuating environmental challenges. These adaptations include sporulation, biofilm formation, motility, cannibalism, and competence. Remarkably, not all the cells in a given population exhibit the same response. The choice of fate by individual cells is random but is also governed by complex signal transduction pathways and cross talk mechanisms that reinforce decisions once made. The interplay of stochastic and deterministic mechanisms governing the selection of developmental fate on the single-cell level is discussed in this article.
Are Registration Uncertainty and Error Monotonically Associated (2019)

In image-guided neurosurgery, current commercial systems usually provide only rigid registration, partly because it is harder to predict, validate and understand non-rigid registration error. For instance, when surgeons see a discrepancy in aligned image features, they may not be able to distinguish between registration error and actual tissue deformation caused by tumor resection. In this case, the spatial distribution of registration error could help them make more informed decisions, e.g., ignoring the registration where the estimated error is high. However, error estimates are difficult to acquire. Probabilistic image registration (PIR) methods provide measures of registration uncertainty, which could be a surrogate for assessing the registration error. It is intuitive and believed by many clinicians that high uncertainty indicates a large error. However, the monotonic association between uncertainty and error has not been examined in image registration literature. In this pilot study, we attempt to address this fundamental problem by looking at one PIR method, the Gaussian process (GP) registration. We systematically investigate the relation between GP uncertainty and error based on clinical data and show empirically that there is a weak-to-moderate positive monotonic correlation between point-wise GP registration uncertainty and non-rigid registration error.
Efficiency of Mechanical Transmission of Citrus Tristeza Virus (1988)

Effects of inoculation site, wounding procedure, age of receptor plant, cambial activity, and pre-and postinoculation environment on transmission efficiency of citrus tristeza virus (CTV) were evaluated. Stem-slash inoculation was generally more efficient on mature stems 5 to 8 mm in diameter than on tender new growth. Other forms of bark wounding were also effective, but leaf inoculation was not. Transmission of CTV was obtained to fresh and callused cuttings of Etrog citron which were slash-cut inoculated and then rooted. Transmission efficiency was not correlated with cambial activity and preconditioning of receptor plants. Use of cool glasshouse conditions to increase tissue for inoculum production improved transmission efficiency.
A new retinal vessel segmentation method using preprocessed Gabor and local binary patterns (2010)

A new retinal vascular tissue segmentation algorithm, which utilizes Gabor wavelet and local binary patterns, is introduced. It would be shown that how a simple preprocessing step would increase the accuracy of algorithm. Different features have been proposed for retinal vessel detection. One of the most famous features adapted is Gabor wavelet. Thanks to multi-resolution property of Gabor, combination of scales can be used to extract features. However, similar features in feature vector would increase the inter-correlation and may lead to poor result. Also, Local Binary Pattern (LBP) is applied. LBP is a powerful feature for texture analysis. A wise pre-processing strategy is applied to image with regard to feature extraction technique. Contrary to previous methods where a simple pre-processing scheme applied for all feature extraction methods, here each feature extraction will utilize its own suitable preprocessing. It is showed that this enhances the result of segmentation. The proposed method has a low dimension feature vector having only four features. The pre-processing step enhances the results in comparison to a previous method in term of area under the ROC curve The computational results of simulations show the high performance of the proposed method in term of accuracy and speed.
A Proposed Geological Parameterization Method for Parameter Identification in Three‐Dimensional Groundwater Modeling (1995)

A new parameterization method for parameter identification is presented. This method allows us to incorporate all well log data and any other geological information into the inverse solution procedure for three‐dimensional groundwater modeling. In the proposed method, unknown parameters, such as hydraulic conductivity and storage coefficient, are directly related to the geological materials. Existing well logs of an aquifer can provide information of local geological structures along the vertical direction. By using these data, as well as any other geological information available, the three‐dimensional structure of the aquifer can be estimated by means of the geostatistical method. Then, art inverse problem can be formulated, leaving fewer unknown parameters to be identified. The advantages of the proposed method are the following: (1) all existing geological and hydrogeological information available is used for parameter identification, (2) the identified parameters are independent of the complexity of the simulation model, (3( the ill‐posedness of the inverse solution is mitigated, and (4) the identified parameters are distributed and physically meaningful. In a hypothetical example, the three‐dimensional distribution of hydraulic conductivity is easily identified using the proposed method. The results indicate that the identified distributed parameter vector is very close to the “true” distribution, and the inverse solution is highly stable with respect to observation errors. The proposed methodology has enabled us to determine the three‐dimensional distribution of hydraulic conductivity and storativity in the Hemet basin, Riverside, California.
Resolution of MoS2 nanosheets-induced pulmonary inflammation driven by nanoscale intracellular transformation and extracellular-vesicle shuttles (2022)

Pulmonary exposure to some engineered nanomaterials can cause chronic lesions as a result of unresolved inflammation. Among two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials and graphene, MoS2 have received tremendous attention in optoelectronics and nanomedicine. Here we propose an integrated approach to follow up the transformation of MoS2 nanosheets at the nanoscale and their impact on the lung inflammation status over one month after a single inhalation in mice. Analysis of immune cells, alveolar macrophages, extracellular vesicles, and cytokine profiling in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) showed that MoS2 nanosheets induced initiation of lung inflammation that was rapidly resolved despite the persistence of various biotransformed molybdenum-containing nanostructures in alveolar macrophages and extracellular vesicles up to one month. Using in situ liquid phase transmission electron microscopy experiments, we could evidence the dynamics of MoS2 nanosheets transformation triggered by reactive oxygen species. Three main transformation mechanisms were observed directly at the nanoscale level: 1) scrolling of the dispersed sheets leading to the formation of nanoscrolls and folded patches, 2) etching releasing soluble MoO4-, and 3) oxidation generating oxidized sheet fragments. Extracellular vesicles released in BALF were also identified as a potential shuttle of MoS2 nanostructures and their degradation products and more importantly as mediators of inflammation resolution.
Choriocarcinoma and Teratoma in the Ovary of a Cynomolgus Monkey (2000)

An ovarian choriocarcinoma was found in a 13-year-old cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis). The tumor was accompanied by a mature teratoma in the contralateral ovary. Histologically, the choriocarcinoma was characterized by nests of cells where cytotrophoblasts occupied the periphery with syncytiotrophoblasts at the center. Immunohistochemical staining for anti-human chorionic gonadotropin was positive in the syncytiotrophoblasts. The teratoma consisted of well-differentiated epidermal cells, sebaceous glands, hair follicles, cartilage, bone, and teeth. Choriocarcinoma metastases were in multiple organs. The concomitant development of choriocarcinoma and teratoma in the ovary is a consistent finding with the human counterparts of these lesions.
Creep Stability of High Strength 9% Cr-W Ferritic Heat Resistant Tube Gr.92 After 15 Years in Service (2004)

High strength 9%Cr-W ferritic heat resistant steel (ASME SA213 T92, KA-STABA29) was developed as the materials for high temperature application in USC plant with a temperature at 600°C and higher pressure than 25 MPa in steam conditions. The Gr.92 contains much W, and therefore, its creep property is attained by solute dragging of W on the dislocation gliding motion and also Nb and V forms concerning MX the precipitation strengthening mechanism. This material was installed as tertiary super heater of Tobata Co-operative Thermal Power Plant, and the plant had been operated about 15 years without any trouble. In this report, stability of several properties of ex-serviced Gr.92 steel was evaluated [1,2].
A composable cryptographic library with nested operations (2003)

We present the first idealized cryptographic library that can be used like the Dolev-Yao model for automated proofs of cryptographic protocols that use nested cryptographic operations, while coming with a cryptographic implementation that is provably secure under active attacks.
Abstract 1390: Inhibition of the catalytic activity of hUNG2 sensitizes multiple cancer cell lines to 5-FdUrd killing (2020)

Abstract Previously reported shRNA knockdown studies have established that expression of the DNA repair enzyme human uracil DNA glycosylase (hUNG2) is protective against 5-flourodeoxyuridine (5FdUrd) cell killing in p53 mutated cancer cell lines, but not in cell lines with functional p53. Here we take a different approach to understanding the role of hUNG2 in 5FdUrd chemotherapy by selectively inhibiting the catalytic activity of hUNG2 using the small bacterial inhibitor protein UGI. UGI binds extremely tightly to the DNA binding and catalytic site of hUNG2, effectively mimicking the impact of a small molecule inhibitor and allowing us to explore the potential therapeutic vulnerabilities that loss of hUNG2 activity produces in p53 mutated and wild-type cancer cells. Accordingly, we used lentiviral transduction to introduce UGI, under control of a doxycycline-inducible promoter, into a large panel of cancer cell lines. In vitro hUNG2 activity measurements using cell extracts established that all lines had robust activity before induction of UGI and undetectable activity after induction. We find that some wild-type and mutant p53 cancer lines from different tissues show significant increases in drug sensitivity. For instance, the p53 wild-type MCF7 breast cancer line showed a 10,000-fold increase in sensitivity, while the p53 mutant HT29 colorectal cancer line showed a 50-fold increased sensitivity. Overall, the results do not support the proposal that p53 status itself determines whether a cancer cell will be sensitized to 5FdUrd in the presence of hUNG2 inhibition. Ongoing studies are focused on identifying the cellular factors that contribute to drug sensitivity under conditions of hUNG2 inhibition. Realizing the full therapeutic benefit of 5FdUrd requires identification of the cancer cell phenotypes that are sensitized upon hUNG2 inhibition. Citation Format: Eric S. Christenson, Junru Cui, Anthony Gizzi, Mesfin Meshesha, James T. Stivers. Inhibition of the catalytic activity of hUNG2 sensitizes multiple cancer cell lines to 5-FdUrd killing [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 1390.
<title>Modeling data acquisition and the effects of patient motion in magnetic resonance imaging</title> (1991)

In this paper, we present a comprehensive model for MR data acquisition in the presence of patient motion to provide a better understanding as to the source of motion artifacts. This model identifies and quantifies various sources of motion artifacts in 2-D Fourier imaging. We verify our model by comparing the results predicted by the model with actual MR images of phantoms subjected to motion with controlled parameters. We expect that the knowledge of the sources of artifacts will lead to new and better methods of compensating for them.
Alterations of Phagocytic Activity and Capacity in Granulocytes and Monocytes Depend on the Pathogen Strain in Porcine Polytrauma (2021)

<b>Background:</b> Polytraumatized patients undergo a strong immunological stress upon insult. Phagocytes (granulocytes and monocytes) play a substantial role in immunological defense against bacteria, fungi and yeast, and in the clearance of cellular debris after tissue injury. We have reported a reduced monocytes phagocytic activity early after porcine polytrauma before. However, it is unknown if both phagocyte types undergo those functional alterations, and if there is a pathogen-specific phagocytic behavior. We characterized the phagocytic activity and capacity of granulocytes and monocytes after polytrauma. <b>Methods:</b> Eight pigs (<i>Sus scrofa</i>) underwent polytrauma consisting of lung contusion, liver laceration, tibial fracture and hemorrhagic shock with fluid resuscitation and fracture fixation with external fixator. Intensive care treatment including mechanical ventilation for 72 h followed. Phagocytic activity and capacity were investigated using an <i>in vitro ex vivo</i> whole blood stimulation phagocytosis assays before trauma, after surgery, 24, 48, and 72 h after trauma. Blood samples were stimulated with Phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate and incubated with FITC-labeled <i>E. coli, S. aureus</i> or <i>S. cerevisiae</i> for phagocytosis assessment by flow cytometry. <b>Results:</b> Early polytrauma-induced significant increase of granulocytes and monocytes declined to baseline values within 24 h. Percentage of <i>E. coli</i>-phagocytizing granulocytes significantly decreased after polytrauma and during further intensive care treatment, while their capacity significantly increased. Interestingly, both granulocytic phagocytic activity and capacity of <i>S. aureus</i> significantly decreased after trauma, although a recovery was observed after 24 h and yet was followed by another decrease. The percentage of <i>S. cerevisiae</i>-phagocytizing granulocytes significantly increased after 24 h, while their impaired capacity after surgery and 72 h later was detected. Monocytic <i>E. coli</i>-phagocytizing percentage did not change, while their capacity increased after 24-72 h. After a significant decrease in <i>S. aureus</i>-phagocytizing monocytes after surgery, a significant increase after 24 and 48 h was observed without capacity alterations. No significant changes in <i>S. cerevisiae</i>-phagocytizing monocytes occurred, but their capacity dropped 48 and 72 h. <b>Conclusion:</b> Phagocytic activity and capacity of granulocytes and monocytes follow a different pattern and significantly change within 72 h after polytrauma. Both phagocytic activity and capacity show significantly different alterations depending on the pathogen strain, thus potentially indicating at certain and possibly more relevant infection causes after polytrauma.
Current Prospects for Adult Stem Cell–Based Therapies in Ocular Repair and Regeneration (2006)

Recent advances in stem cell biology have led to the exploration of stem cell-based therapies to treat a wide range of human diseases. In the ophthalmic field, much hope has been placed on the potential use of these cells to restore sight, particularly in those conditions in which other established treatments have failed and in which visual function has been irreversibly damaged by disease or injury. At present, there are many limitations for the immediate use of embryonic stem cells to treat ocular disease, and as more evidence emerges that adult stem cells are present in the adult human eye, it is clear that these cells may have advantages to develop into feasible therapeutic treatments without the problems associated with embryonic research and immune rejection. Here we discuss the current prospects for the application of various adult ocular stem cells to human therapies for restoration of vision.
Programming Android (2011)

What does it take to build well-engineered Android applications? Explore Android's core building blocks and APIs in depth with this authoritative guide, and learn how to create compelling apps that work on a full range of Android devices. You'll work with proven approaches to app design and implementation-including application frameworks that you can use as a starting point for your own projects. Delve into sensors, native development, 3D graphics, and many other topics, and discover how to build apps on the platform of your choice. If you're an intermediate to advanced programmer, you'll le
A Rare Case of Gastric Plexiform Fibromyxoma Mimicking Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor. (2022)

We present a 54-year-old male with a gastric mass with pre-operative biopsy being consistent with a gastrointestinal stromal tumor. After surgical resection, final pathology revealed a plexiform fibromyxoma. One must consider the histopathological and gross features of plexiform fibromyxoma to distinguish it from other mesenchymal tumors of the GI tract.
Dynamic Titania Nanotube Surface Achieves UV-Triggered Charge Reversal and Enhances Cell Differentiation (2019)

Stimuli-responsive biomaterials supply a promising solution to adapt to the complex physiological environment for different biomedical applications. In this study, a dynamic UV-triggered pH-responsive biosurface was constructed on titania nanotubes (TNTs) by loading photoacid generators, diphenyliodonium chloride, into the nanotubes, and grafting 2,3-dimethyl maleic anhydride (DMMA)-modified hyperbranched poly(l-lysine) (HBPLL) onto the surface. The local acidity was dramatically enhanced by UV irradiation for only 30 s, leading to the dissociation of DMMA and thereby the transformation of surface chemistry from negatively charged caboxyl groups to positively charged amino groups. The TNTs-HBPLL-DMMA substrate could better promote proliferation and spreading of rat bone mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) after UV irradiation. The osteogenic differentiation of rBMSCs was enhanced because of the charge reversal in combination with the titania-based substrates.
Quenching of Porous Silicon Photoluminescence by Ammonia Hydrogen Peroxide Mixture (2000)

Low resistivity p‐type porous silicon (PS) samples are subjected to oxidation treatment in an ammonia hydrogen peroxide mixture (APM) and to etching in 0.00035% and 0.0014% ammonia solutions at room temperature for 10 to 2700 s. Photoluminescence (PL) properties of the treated PS are correlated with chemical states and microstructures analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The intensity of the red PL from PS is increased by 0.00035% ammonia solution, decreased by 0.0014% ammonia solution, and almost completely quenched by an APM. FTIR analysis shows that the ammonia solutions do not affect the chemical states of the PS surface, which is terminated primarily by hydrogen. Immersion in an APM replaces the hydrogen‐terminated surface with an oxygen‐terminated surface. SEM observations indicate that the thickness of the PS layer is reduced with aqueous ammonia treatment for 2700 s, but not with APM treatment. These results suggest that the PL quenching by an APM may relate to the dehydrogenated surface. © 2000 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Single versus multiple inheritance in object oriented programming (1995)

Inheritance is one of the key elements of Object oriented programming. Inheritance is characterized as single or multiple depending on the number of classes a class can inherit from. Single inheritance is simple but restrictive. Multiple inheritance on the other hand is complex but allows a more natural definition of relationships between classes. There has been a significant amount of discussion on the value of multiple inheritance over single inheritance considering the complexity multiple inheritance adds. This paper reviews the two types of inheritance and examines their benefits. The paper then examines the issues and objections that have been raised on the two inheritance mechanisms. Graph, Linear, and Tree oriented implementations of multiple inheritance are reviewed to see how multiple inheritance issues are handled by various object oriented languages.