gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Standard surface-reflectance model and illuminant estimation (1989)

In the standard reflectance model for inhomogeneous materials it is assumed that light is reflected by two independent mechanisms. One component is reflected at the interface of the material and air. Light reflected by this mechanism does not interact with surface colorant, and its spectral composition is assumed to equal that of the incident light. The second component is reflected after entering and interacting with the subsurface structure of the material. This interaction substantially changes the spectral composition of the reflected light. We adopt a vector analysis technique for testing the standard reflectance model. Further, we develop a computational method to determine the components of the observed spectra, and we obtain an estimate of the illuminant without using a reference white standard. Finally, we evaluate the accuracy of the standard model and the feasibility of the illuminant spectral estimation by using several test objectives.
Thermodynamic Performance Analysis of a Triple-Pressure ORC - Comparison with Single-Pressure and Dual-Pressure ORCS (2020)

A triple-pressure organic Rankine cycle (TPORC) using geothermal energy for power generation has been investigated in this paper. The net power output of the TPORC was analyzed by varying the evaporation pressures, pinch temperature differences and degrees of superheat to find the optimum operation conditions of the system. The thermodynamic performance of the TPORC was compared with dual-pressure ORC (DPORC) and single-pressure ORC (SPORC) respectively for the heat source (geofluid) temperature between 135C and 200C . The results show that the net power output of the TPORC is higher than that of the DPORC and SPORC when the heat source temperature is low, especially when it is less than 150C. Thus the TPORC could be a choice for power generation for utilizing medium-low geothermal resources (100C-150C) provided that it has a sound techno-economics.
Composing Patterns to Construct Secure Systems (2015)

Building secure applications requires significant expertise. Secure platforms and security patterns have been proposed to alleviate this problem. However, correctly applying patterns to use platform features is still highly expertise-dependent. Patterns are informal and there is a gap between them and platform features. We propose the concept of reusable verified design fragments, which package security patterns and platform features and are verified to provide assurance about their security properties. Design fragments can be composed through four primitive tactics. The verification of the composed design against desired security properties is presented in an assurance case. We demonstrate our approach by securing a Continuous Deployment pipeline and show that the tactics are sufficient to compose design fragments into a secure system. Finally, we formally define composition tactics, which are intended to support the development of systems that are secure by construction.
<title>Compartmental analysis of the fluorescence decay surface of intramolecular two-state excited-state processes with added quencher</title> (1992)

The fluorescence decay analysis of intramolecular two-state excited-state processes with added quencher is discussed in terms of compartments. The kinetic equations specifying the fluorescence decay and the time-course of the two excited-state species concentrations are expressed in terms of the rate constants and the spectroscopic parameters b<SUB>1</SUB> and c<SUB>1</SUB>. b<SUB>1</SUB> and c<SUB>1</SUB> are respectively the relative absorbance and the normalized spectral emission weighting factor of species 1. The report investigates what has to be known beforehand to determine all relevant parameters. The results of this identifiability study indicate that the following conditions have to be satisfied in order to make an intramolecular two-state excited-state system with added quencher identifiable. First, at least three different quencher concentrations must be used. Second, the two rate constants of quenching must be different. Third, at least one parameter must be known. This parameter can be (1) one rate constant which is not a rate constant of quenching, (2) one b<SUB>1</SUB> value or, (3) one c<SUB>1</SUB> value. In each of these cases an alternative set of system parameters is mathematically possible. A unique solution is guaranteed when the fluorescence decays of a quenched model compound are included in the compartmental analysis.
Production of α-rhamnosidases from Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 and their role in deglycosylation of dietary flavonoids naringin and rutin (2021)

This work addresses the amino acid sequence, structural analysis, biochemical characterization and glycosidase activity of two recombinant α-rhamnosidases, Ram1 and Ram2, from Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1. The substrate specificity of both enzymes towards the disaccharide rutinose and natural dietary flavonoids naringin and rutin was also determined and compared to that of a commercial multienzyme complex (Pectinex Ultra Passover, PPO). Ram1 is a less acidic- and heat-active enzyme than Ram2 and exhibited a high activity towards pNP-α-L-rhamnopyranoside, but it was unable to hydrolyze neither rutinose, naringin or rutin. In contrast, Ram2 enzyme showed a substrate specificity towards α-(1➔6) glycosidic flavonoids, such as rutin, and the disaccharide rutinose. The mechanism of action of Ram2 towards rutin was elucidated and revealed the potential cost-effective and selective production of the monoglycosylated flavonoid isoquercetin (quercetin-3-O-glucoside). PPO efficiently converted both naringin and rutin into their corresponding aglycones. These findings revealed the potential usefulness of PPO for the improvement of sensory properties of beverages through debittering of citrus juices, as well as the potential use of Ram2 to selectively produce isoquercetin, a highly valued and bioactive flavonoid whose production is not currently affordable.
Maternal tobacco smoke exposure and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. (1997)

We propose that in utero exposure to tobacco smoke products places a newborn at risk for persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN). To test this hypothesis, infants with PPHN were identified. Healthy newborns of similar ethnicity were identified as a comparison group. Cord blood cotinine concentrations and maternal questionnaires were obtained. The number of women exposed to tobacco smoke in each group ascertained by questionnaire was borderline significantly different (38.7% vs. 20.5%; p = 0.080). However, more PPHN infants had detectable cotinine in their cord blood (64.5% vs. 28.2%; p = 0.002), and the median cotinine concentrations were significantly higher (5.2 ng/ml vs. 2 ng/ml; p = 0.051) than the comparison infants. Among infants delivered to nonsmoking women, more PPHN infants had detectable cotinine (50% vs. 19%; p = 0.015), and the cotinine concentrations were higher (3.5 ng/ml vs. 1.65 ng/ml; p = 0.022) than the comparison group. We conclude that active and passive smoking during pregnancy is a risk factor for PPHN. Therefore, we recommend that pregnant women cease smoking and avoid environmental tobacco smoke. Key words. cotinine, newborns, passive, persistent pulmonary hypertension, smoking, tobacco smoke pollution.
Alternative splice variants of rat 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/ fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase-4 mRNA. (2009)

Expression of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2, 6-bisphosphatase-4 (PFKFB-4) mRNA was studied in different rat organs. Several new unique alternative splice variants of PFKFB-4 mRNA were identified. They have deletions or inserts in fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase region as well as different length and amino acid sequence of C-terminal part. However, 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase catalytic domains were identical in all variants. Moreover, the expression of different alternative splice variants of PFKFB-4 mRNA has shown tissue specificity. Expression of both alternative splice variants of PFKFB-4 mRNA significantly changed in rats treated by methyl tretbutyl ether, ecologically dangerous chemical compound. Results of this investigation indicate a possible role of PFKFB-4 splice isoforms in cell-specific regulation of glycolysis and demonstrate the sensitivity of the regulation of alternative splicing to the action of toxic chemical compounds, in particular methyl tertbutyl ether.
ATh12N6X29 (A Li…Rb; X Cl, Br): A New Type of Thorium Cluster with a Th12N6 Core (1995)

Six nitrogen-centered tetrahedra are condensed through common edges to form the star-shaped cluster unit [Th12N6] (shown on the right) in the title compounds, which are accessible by several approaches. The incorporation of alkali metal atoms proved to be essential for stabilizing the metal–metal bonds in the central octahedron of this novel cluster.
Privacy in the Internet of Things: threats and challenges (2013)

ABSTRACT The Internet of Things paradigm envisions the pervasive interconnection and cooperation of smart things over the current and future Internet infrastructure. The Internet of Things is, thus, the evolution of the Internet to cover the real world, enabling many new services that will improve people's everyday lives, spawn new businesses, and make buildings, cities, and transport smarter. Smart things allow indeed for ubiquitous data collection or tracking, but these useful features are also examples of privacy threats that are already now limiting the success of the Internet of Things vision when not implemented correctly. These threats involve new challenges such as the pervasive privacy‐aware management of personal data or methods to control or avoid ubiquitous tracking and profiling. This paper analyzes the privacy issues in the Internet of Things in detail. To this end, we first discuss the evolving features and trends in the Internet of Things with the goal of scrutinizing their privacy implications. Second, we classify and examine privacy threats in this new setting, pointing out the challenges that need to be overcome to ensure that the Internet of Things becomes a reality. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Modeling traveler experience for designing urban mobility systems (2019)

Travelers interact with a large number and variety of products and services during their journeys. The quality of a travel experience depends on a whole urban mobility system considered in space and time. This paper outlines the relevant concepts to be considered in designing urban mobility. The goal is to provide a language and insights for the early stages of a design process. A literature review sheds light on the complexity of urban mobility from technical, sociotechnical, and user experience perspectives. Observations of experiences in urban areas provide data for describing and understanding travel experience patterns and issues. The paper proposes a conceptual model to describe and analyze different facets of traveler experience and categorizes problems that travelers face when they interact with an urban mobility system. A case study is reported illustrating the use of the conceptual model in identifying travel problems for a demand-responsive transport service.
Intellectual Structure and Infrastructure of Informetrics (2011)

Since the 1990s. informetrics has grown in popularity among information scientists. Today it is a general discipline that comprises a1 kinds of metrics. including bibliometric and scientornetrics. To illustrate the dynamic progress of this field. this study aims to identify the structure and infrastructure of the informetrics literature using statistical and prof ling methods. Informetrics literature was obtained from the Web of Knowledge for the years 2001-2010. Th selected articles contain least one of these keywords: ‘informetrics’, ‘bibliometrics’, ‘scientometrics’, ‘webometrics’, and ‘citation analysis.’ Noteworthy publication patterns of major countries were identified by a statistical method. Intellectual structure analysis shows major research areas. authors. and journal.
Vertical profiles of environmental parameters measured on discrete water samples collected with Niskin bottles at station TARA_077 during the Tara Oceans expedition 2009-2013 (2014)

The Tara Oceans Expedition (2009-2013) was a global survey of ocean ecosystems aboard the Sailing Vessel Tara. It carried out extensive measurements of evironmental conditions and collected plankton (viruses, bacteria, protists and metazoans) for later analysis using modern sequencing and state-of-the-art imaging technologies. Tara Oceans Data are particularly suited to study the genetic, morphological and functional diversity of plankton. The present data set includes properties of seawater, particulate matter and dissolved matter that were measured from discrete water samples collected with Niskin bottles during the 2009-2013 Tara Oceans expedition. Properties include pigment concentrations from HPLC analysis (10 depths per vertical profile, 25 pigments per depth), the carbonate system (Surface and 400m; pH (total scale), CO2, pCO2, fCO2, HCO3, CO3, Total alkalinity, Total carbon, OmegaAragonite, OmegaCalcite, and dosage Flags), nutrients (10 depths per vertical profile; NO2, PO4, N02/NO3, SI, quality Flags), DOC, CDOM, and dissolved oxygen isotopes. The Service National d'Analyse des Paramètres Océaniques du CO2, at the Université Pierre et Marie Curie, determined CT and AT potentiometrically. More than 200 vertical profiles of these properties were made across the world ocean. DOC, CDOM and dissolved oxygen isotopes are available only for the Arctic Ocean and Arctic Seas (2013).
3‐D pre‐stack depth migration of the Baldpate Field using MAA travel‐times (2001)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 20013‐D pre‐stack depth migration of the Baldpate Field using MAA travel‐timesAuthors: Theodore C. StieglitzScott A. MortonTheodore C. StieglitzDepartment of Geology and Geophysics, Rice University, Houston, Texas and Scott A. MortonAmerada Hess Corporation, Houston, Texashttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1816794 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1816794FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2001ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 2001 Pages: 2135 publication data© 2001 Copyright © 2001 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished: 03 Jan 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Theodore C. Stieglitz and Scott A. Morton, (2001), "3‐D pre‐stack depth migration of the Baldpate Field using MAA travel‐times," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 945-948. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1816794 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
On the Purification of the Thiamin‐Inactivating Fish Factor II (1946)

Summary. By cataphoretic separation and dialysis the thiamin‐destroying fish factor has been further purified about 10 times, in all about 100 times. The activity seems to be associated with a colourless protein. The author is indebted to the Astra Corporation for a grant which supported the present investigation. He further expresses his thanks to Mr. Eklund for valuable assistance throughout the investigation.
Workshop Synthesis: Web-based surveys, new insight to address main challenges (2018)

This paper summarizes the discussions held during an in-depth six-hour workshop on the challenges of using web for transport surveys. Survey response rates are decreasing worldwide and household travel surveys follow the same trend. To reduce respondent burden and encourage respondents to complete the survey, it may be helpful to improve the questionnaire design or to use web-based surveys. This new media presents some advantages for surveyors and respondents (less costly, always available, etc.), but also some methodological limits, which should be considered (selection bias, data comparability, etc.). The aim of the workshop was to present good practices for implementing web-based surveys. It also summarizes discussions on conditions under which using the web can increase survey data quality. This is a particularly relevant issue, when several media are combined to recruit respondents and collect travel data.
Biological sample preparation and {sup 41}Ca AMS measurement at LLNL (1994)

Calcium metabolism in biology may be better understood by the use of {sup 41}Ca labels, although detection by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) is required. Methodologies for preparation of urine samples and subsequent AMS measurement were investigated. Novel attempts at preparing CaH{sub 2} were unsuccessful, but CaF{sub 2} of sufficient purity could be produced by precipitation of calcium from urine as oxalate, followed by separation of calcium by cation exchange chromatography and washing the CaF{sub 2} precipitate. The presence of some remaining impurities could be compensated for by selecting the appropriate accelerated ion charge state for AMS. The use of projectile x rays for isobar discrimination was explored as an alternative to the conventional dE/dx device.
Oversigt over udenlandske Aktuartidskrifter (1922)

An Inveshgat'ion 'into the mortality expe?'iencecl by life tenmits under "eversions, with some conclusions drawn therefrom.Ved en »reversion» -et Udtryk, som i Mangel af bedre her skal gengives ved »Expectance» -forstaas som bekendt Retten til et Formuegode, som erholdes ved en Persons Ded.ExpectanceI' er enten absolute ener betingede af, at den berettigede lever, naar Besidderen (»the life tenant») del'; i sidste Falc1 betegnes de som Overlevelsesexpectancer "( »contingent re-
Characterization of Geometric Leakage Current of $ \hbox{GeO}_{2}$ Isolation and Effect of Forming Gas Annealing in Germanium p-n Junctions (2012)

In this letter, we have analyzed the area, perimeter, and corner leakage current components of lateral p <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> /n-Ge-based diodes with a GeO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> isolation layer, which were fabricated at temperatures below 500 °C. In addition, the effects of forming gas anneal are included, which was done to further reduce the leakage current. It was found that corner leakage was the most dominant source of surface leakage. Perimeter leakage is the next major source of leakage, and it is mostly affected by the quality of the passivation layer. Forming gas annealing of 350 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> C gave the most beneficial results in overall leakage current reduction.
Autonomous Power-Source Regulation in Series-Connected Low-Voltage Microinverters (2019)

This paper is focused on a photovoltaic system architecture based on series-connected low-voltage ac (LVac) microinverters. In contrast to standard microinverters, LVac microinverters do not require high step-up conversion stages, which leads to potentials for improved efficiency and reduced cost. This paper proposes a distributed autonomous control strategy for the LVac microinverters, where each module is operated autonomously by a controller that regulates instantaneous output power. Modeling of system dynamics is challenging due to the nonlinear and time-varying nature of the system. Under quasi-static assumptions, a linearized small-signal model is obtained and solved along the operating points traversed during a line cycle. The modeling approach and controller design are verified by simulations and experiments on a scaled-down system consisting of three series-connected LVac microinverters, demonstrating appropriate ac voltage sharing across the modules. In certain cases, including a low compensator gain in the control loop, significant total harmonic distortion (THD) is observed in the ac line current. In order to reduce the distortion, a pre-distortion technique is used in each LVac control loop to compensate the sinusoidal input reference. The experimental results demonstrate that the predistortion technique reduces the THD to 3%-4% across a wide operating range, without the need for additional electro-magnetic interference filter stages.
Calcium Channel Subunits in the Mouse Cochlea (1996)

Messages for subunits of voltage-gated calcium channels were examined in the cochlea of the CBAJ mouse by PCR analysis. Total RNA was extracted from the auditory organs of 16-18-day-old animals. After reverse transcription, resulting cDNA was amplified by PCR with primers targeted to nucleotide sequences corresponding to 12 different calcium channel subunits. PCR products representing subunit gene expression were strongly and consistently amplified for alpha1C, alpha1D, alpha1E, alpha2delta, beta1, beta3, and beta4 but not for alph1A, alpha1B, alpha1S, beta2, or gamma. The chosen primers amplified cochlear cDNA to yield an overall pattern of bands different from that of any tissue studied thus far, in particular with respect to the alpha2delta and beta1 subunits; the alpha2delata product was found to be significantly shorter than the corresponding brain and skeletal muscle isoforms. Nucleotide sequencing confirmed the identity of mouse cochlear subunit cDNAs. The results suggest that L-type and presumptive R-type calcium channels are expressed in the mammalian cochlea and that the alpha2delta subunits may be coded by a characteristic splice-variant mRNA.
Time-resolved resonant absorption study of 532-nm laser-generated plumes over YBa2Cu3O7 targets (1991)

The number densities n(t) of the atomic species produced by pulsed-laser (532-nm) interaction with YBaCuO targets were measured using time-resolved resonant absorption spectroscopy. At ∼5 J/cm2 fluence and 0.8 mm above the target, the peak n(t) ranged from 1013 to 1015 cm−3. The distributions of the normal z-velocity component could be modeled by Gaussian functions, in agreement with the theory of supersonic nozzle beams and the more recent theory of Knudsen layer formation. Such theoretical fits gave most probable z velocities in the km/s range and Mach numbers as high as 7. Ba-ion z velocities were better fitted by a 4:7 mix of fast (∼3-km/s) and slow (∼2-km/s) components.
Insitu X-ray reflectivity studies of molecular and molecular-cluster intercalation within purple membrane films (2014)

<italic>In situ</italic> synchrotron XRR reveals the mechanism for intercalation of guest materials into the lamellar structure of the purple membrane film.