gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Classical and Nonclassical Optimization Methods (2000)

Abstract Optimization problems are abundant in analytical chemistry, examples being the determination of optimal conditions for experiments or optimal settings for instruments. In general, all the required information should be obtained from as few experiments as possible. Classical techniques such as response surface models or simplex optimization are often used. These techniques, which can be very efficient in cases where the underlying assumptions are fulfilled, are called “strong” methods. With the advent of the computer in the laboratory, a new class of optimization problems arose which could not be tackled with the standard methodologies. For these search‐type problems, new strategies such as simulated annealing (SA) and genetic algorithms (GA) are applied. Although these are not guaranteed to give the optimal result, in almost all cases they are able to find very good solutions where other techniques fail completely. These methods find themselves in an intermediate position between the strong methods, mentioned above, and weak methods, where hardly any assumptions are made. This article provides an overview of classical and nonclassical optimization techniques, and stresses the differences in their areas of application. The key ideas are highlighted and references to important publications are given.
Loss reduction strategies in design of magnetic bearing actuators for vehicle applications (2005)

Advanced energy storage systems for future military vehicles may include the use of high-speed rotating machines in which magnetic bearing systems are used for rotor support. High-speed machines commonly require rotors to operate in evacuated enclosures, complicating efforts to cool rotor components, since convective heat transfer is not possible in vacuum environments. As a result, it is important to minimize magnetic bearing losses to avoid excessive temperatures in high strength rotor components. This paper discusses two design strategies intended to minimize losses in active magnetic bearing actuators.
Effects of self-generated sad mood on regional cerebral activity: A PET study in normal subjects (1996)

This study investigated the cerebral regions modulated by self-generated sad mood in normal subjects. Eleven healthy men experienced a temporary sad mood by recalling sad personal memories. Two control states were used for comparison: a resting condition, and a condition involving the recall of affectively neutral personal events. Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) images were obtained using [15O]-H2O Positron Emission Tomography. A statistical comparison of the images during negative mood and neutral recall conditions revealed that sad mood was associated with a decrease in rCBF in the left dorsolateral prefrontal, left medial prefrontal, and left temporal cortex; no increase in activity was noted in this comparison. Our results are consistent with the noted left prefrontal decrease in metabolism found in depressed patients through a variety of methodologies; however, our results contrast with findings of increased left or bilateral prefrontal activity in transient induced negative mood states reported for women (George et al., 1995, Am J Psychiatry 152:341-341) and for mixed-gender (Pardo et al., 1993, Am J Psychiatry 150:713-719) subject groups. The study brings to light a number of methodological issues, including the crucial importance of the baseline condition used for the isolation of the emotional components of a given task.
Bioprospecting and characterization of poly-bhydroxyalkanoate (PHAs) producing bacteria isolated from Colombian sugarcane producing areas (2007)

Bioprospecting for poly-b-hydroxyalkanoate (PHA)-accumulating micro-organisms was carried out in sugarcane growing areas of Colombia. They were isolated in unbalanced culture medium (high carbon/nitrogen ratio) with sucrose, fructose and glucose used as carbon source. PHAs producing bacteria were identified by staining with Sudan black and solubilising cellular components in sodium hypochlorite. A arbitrary scale was established (ranging from 1 to 4) for selecting the best strains, acording to growth, staining with Sudan black and solubilising cellular material. 108 isolates rated higher than 2 were obtained by using this scale; 44 of these were selected for evaluating them in a balloon flask for their ability to grow in sucrose. Scheffe’s test grouped the isolates evaluated in the balloon flask for polymer production and productivity. The 6 best isolates were evaluated in a fermenter to determine their kinetic growth profiles, substrate consumption and polymer accumulation. Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) was used on the recovered polymer for determining fusion temperature and the conclusion was reached that 2 strains accumulated poly--hydroxybutyrate (PHB) and another 4 accumulated hydroxy-butyrate copolymers and other monomer units. These 6 strains were molecularly characterised by partially sequencing the 16s rRNA ribosomal gene, localizing them in 4 clusters on the taxonomic tree.
Estimation of Rotational Velocity of Baseball Using High-Speed Camera Movies (2011)

Movies can be used to analyze a player's performance and improve his/her skills. In the case of baseball, the pitching is recorded by using a high-speed camera, and the recorded images are used to improve the pitching skills of the players. In this paper, we present a method for estimating of the rotational velocity of a baseball on the basis of movies recorded by high-speed cameras. Unlike in the previous methods, we consider the original seam pattern of the ball seen in the input movie and identify the corresponding image from a database of images by adopting the parametric eigenspace method. These database images are CG Images. The ball's posture can be determined on the basis of the rotational parameters. In the proposed method, the symmetric property of the ball is also taken into consideration, and the time continuity is used to determine the ball's posture. In the experiments, we use the proposed method to estimate the rotational velocity of a baseball on the basis of real movies and movies consisting of CG images of the baseball. The results of both the experiments prove that our method can be used to estimate the ball's rotation accurately.
Ultrafast nonbolometric photoresponse of YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-x/ thin films (1993)

Ultrafast transient voltage (<12-ps risetime, 30-ps width) has been measured on a current-biased, very thin (30-nm) YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-x/ epitaxial film, illuminated by a picosecond laser pulse ( lambda =1.06 mu m) at approximately 50 K. The experimental set-up and the measuring apparatus used allowed precise time measurements. The narrow and high electric pulse obtained is faster than any previously reported. It is attributed to a nonequilibrium Cooper pair breaking process. This first response pulse is followed by a longer bolometric decay interpreted using parameters obtained from measurements taken at smaller fluence and lower temperature as the combination of a phonon escape time and an electron-phonon energy relaxation time.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Circulating Fibroblast Growth Factor-2, HIV-Tat, and Vascular Endothelial Cell Growth Factor-A in HIV-Infected Children with Renal Disease Activate Rho-A and Src in Cultured Renal Endothelial Cells (2016)

Renal endothelial cells (REc) are the first target of HIV-1 in the kidney. The integrity of REc is maintained at least partially by heparin binding growth factors that bind to heparan sulfate proteoglycans located on their cell surface. However, previous studies showed that the accumulation of two heparin-binding growth factors, Vascular Endothelial Cell Growth Factor-A (VEGF-A) and Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 (FGF-2), in combination with the viral protein Tat, can precipitate the progression of HIV-renal diseases. Nonetheless, very little is known about how these factors affect the behavior of REc in HIV+ children. We carried out this study to determine how VEGF-A, FGF-2, and HIV-Tat, modulate the cytoskeletal structure and permeability of cultured REc, identify key signaling pathways involved in this process, and develop a functional REc assay to detect HIV+ children affected by these changes. We found that VEGF-A and FGF-2, acting in synergy with HIV-Tat and heparin, affected the cytoskeletal structure and permeability of REc through changes in Rho-A, Src, and Rac-1 activity. Furthermore, urine samples from HIV+ children with renal diseases, showed high levels of VEGF-A and FGF-2, and induced similar changes in cultured REc and podocytes. These findings suggest that FGF-2, VEGF-A, and HIV-Tat, may affect the glomerular filtration barrier in HIV+ children through the induction of synergistic changes in Rho-A and Src activity. Further studies are needed to define the clinical value of the REc assay described in this study to identify HIV+ children exposed to circulating factors that may induce glomerular injury through similar mechanisms.
Securing Fast PMIPv6 protocol in case of Vertical HandOver in 5G network (2019)

Seamless mobility management is considered as an important cornerstone of fifth generation (5G) networks. In fact, it is considered as one of the requirements for the next generation all-IP to fulfill their services in real-time. It allows devices and users to maintain highly seamless connectivity by switching between multiple wireless network using Vertical HandOver techniques (VHO). To address this need, some mobility management solutions have been proposed by researchers in order to support the VHO of devices using the Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) protocol. However, these solutions suffer from lack of security. For that, a new secure protocol, called Secure Fast PMIPv6 for Vertical HandOver (SFPMIPv6-VHO), is proposed in this paper. The proposed schema ensures a strong authentication in the case of the VHO between the Evolved Packet System (EPS) of Long Term Evolution (LTE) and the Wireless Fidelity (WIFI) using FPMIPv6 protocol. In addition, it suggested the integration of the Access Network Discovery and Selection Function (ANDSF) to perform an authentication preparation of user equipment (UE) in the selected network due to the limits of discover heterogeneous networks in the case of the PMIPv6 protocol. Our proposed protocol is modeled and validated using the tools of Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications (AVISPA) and Security Protocol Animator for AVISPA (SPAN). The results of our simulations indicate that our protocol is robust against various attacks and that responds to our goals.
Audio-Visual Tracking of Concurrent Speakers (2021)

Audio-visual tracking of an unknown number of concurrent speakers in 3D is a challenging task, especially when sound and video are collected with a compact sensing platform. In this paper, we propose a tracker that builds on generative and discriminative audio-visual likelihood models formulated in a particle filtering framework. We localize multiple concurrent speakers with a de-emphasized acoustic map assisted by the image detection-derived 3D video observations. The 3D multi-modal observations are either assigned to existing tracks for discriminative likelihood computation or used to initialize new tracks. The generative likelihoods rely on color distribution of the target and the de-emphasized acoustic map value. Experiments on AV16.3 and CAV3D datasets show that the proposed tracker outperforms the uni-modal trackers and the state-of-the-art approaches both in 3D and on the image plane.
Combinatorial Gli gene function in floor plate and neuronal inductions by Sonic hedgehog (1998)

ABSTRACT Within the developing vertebrate nervous system, it is not known how progenitor cells interpret the positional information provided by inducing signals or how the domains in which distinct groups of neural cells differentiate are defined. Gli proteins may be involved in these processes. In the frog neural plate, we have previously shown that the zinc finger transcription factor Gli1 is expressed in midline cells and mediates the effects of Shh inducing floor plate differentiation. In contrast, Gli2 and Gli3 are expressed throughout the neural plate except for the midline. Here, it is shown that Gli3 and Shh repress each other whereas Gli2, like Gli1, is a target of Shh signaling. However, only Gli1 can induce the differentiation of floor plate cells. In addition, Gli2 and Gli3 repress the ectopic induction of floor plate cells by Gli1 in co-injection assays and inhibit endogenous floor plate differentiation. The definition of the floor plate domain, therefore, appears to be defined by the antagonizing activities of Gli2 and Gli3 on Gli1 function. Because both Gli1 and Gli2 are induced by Shh, these results establish a regulatory feedback loop triggered by Shh that restricts floor plate cells to the midline. We have also previously shown that the Gli genes induce neuronal differentiation and here it is shown that there is specificity to the types of neurons the Gli proteins induce. Only Gli1 induces Nkx2.1/TTF-1+ ventral forebrain neurons. Moreover, Gli2 and Gli3 inhibit their differentiation. In contrast, the differentiation of spinal motor neurons can be induced by the two ventrally expressed Gli genes, Gli1 and Gli2, suggesting that Gli2 directly mediates induction of motor neurons by Shh. In addition, Gli3 inhibits motor neuron differentiation by Gli2. Thus, combinatorial Gli function may pattern the neural tube, integrating positional information and cell type differentiation.
Identification of a novel nuclear localization signal in Sam68 (1997)

Sam68, a nuclear RNA binding protein, binds to Src and is phosphorylated at tyrosine residues in an M-phase specific manner. Here we identified a stretch of 24 amino acid residues in the COOH-terminal portion of Sam68 which function as a nuclear localization signal. This signal sequence bears no apparent homology to any other known nuclear localization sequence. However, this sequence was found to contain a motif, PPXXR (P, Pro; R, Arg), which is conserved in various RNA binding proteins including hnRNP proteins. Replacement of Arg in this motif with Ala abolished the nuclear accumulation of a GFP fusion protein, suggesting that this residue is important in translocating the protein to the nucleus.
Modification of a Buried Interface with Bulky Organic Cations for Highly Stable Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells (2022)

Flexible perovskite solar cells triggered a vast interest within the scientific community, thanks to their broad commercialization prospects. However, the stability of these devices still poses one of the major concerns on the way to rapid industrial deployment. Here, we demonstrate an effective strategy to improve the technical aspects of this technology, improving the reliability and efficiency values of these devices. We apply large organic ammonium molecules for modifying a buried interface between a hole-transporting layer (HTL) and perovskite-absorbing material. With the 4-fluorophenethylammonium iodide (FPEAI), we achieve 18.66% efficiency for the large-area (1 cm2) flexible solar cell, a significant improvement over the pristine device without modification. The applied passivation strategy results in a better hole extraction and reduced nonradiative recombination loss at the buried interface. Moreover, we demonstrate the formation of low-dimensional perovskite phases in the vicinity of the hole-transporting material upon the incorporation of large ammonium cations. This results in a significantly enhanced thermal and light-soaking stability of fabricated devices. We obtained no loss in 1000 h of aging at 85 °C, no loss in 1000 h of light soaking at open circuit, and less than 10% drop in 1000 h of operation at maximum power point for the optimized passivation treatment with the FPEAI. We also demonstrate a method for monitoring the structural stability of perovskite thin films upon prolonged illumination, ensued by the amount of molecular iodine being released from the layer.
Biophotonics computer app: fostering multidisciplinary distance self-paced learning with a user-friendly interface (2021)

The biophotonics app enables multidisciplinary and self-paced learning in both in-person or virtual environments. The app can work offline and has a user-friendly interface well accepted by students. App instructions are publicly available.
Secure Mobile Content Delivery Architecture in Hybrid Network Environment (2008)

This paper proposes a secure mobile content delivery architecture in an integrated, hybrid network environment. Its design comprises device discovery, asynchronous content delivery, secure access control and virtual file system with dynamic reference mapping mechanisms, which are able to alleviate several inherent limitations in wireless and mobile networks. It thus enables mobile handheld devices to escape from mobility confinement and to transfer media contents in an efficient, energy-saving and secure manner. Our prototype implementation shows that the developed mechanism is feasible and ease of use: it effects the secure ubiquitous content delivery services in hybrid network environments.
Mouse Models of Human Cancers Consortium Workshop on Nervous System Tumors (2006)

Nervous system tumors are clinically challenging neoplasms that form within the central and peripheral nervous system. Although there have been many clinical trials using novel agents for the treatment of primary brain tumors, there have been few advances that positively affect overall patient survival. Over the past several years, there has been significant progress in the development of accurate small-animal spontaneous brain tumor models, small-animal neuroimaging, and tools for the bioinformatic analysis of complex molecular data sets, all of which have contributed to an improved understanding of the pathogenesis of human brain tumors. Whereas these models will continue to be of great value in basic science investigations, they can also be used to identify and validate potential therapies for brain tumors and to evaluate these drugs in preclinical trials. The National Cancer Institute recently convened a workshop to review the current state of small-animal brain tumor modeling and to make recommendations about the use of these models to improve the clinical outcome for patients with brain tumors. In this meeting report, we outline the current state of small-animal models for brain tumors, the potential applications of these models, and the recommendations made by the workshop participants for the use of mouse models in the preclinical evaluation of potential brain tumor therapies.
Data Science and Machine Learning (2019)

"This textbook is a well-rounded, rigorous, and informative work presenting the mathematics behind modern machine learning techniques. It hits all the right notes: the choice of topics is up-to-date and perfect for a course on data science for mathematics students at the advanced undergraduate or early graduate level. This book fills a sorely-needed gap in the existing literature by not sacrificing depth for breadth, presenting proofs of major theorems and subsequent derivations, as well as providing a copious amount of Python code. I only wish a book like this had been around when I first began my journey!" -Nicholas Hoell, University of Toronto "This is a well-written book that provides a deeper dive into data-scientific methods than many introductory texts. The writing is clear, and the text logically builds up regularization, classification, and decision trees. Compared to its probable competitors, it carves out a unique niche. -Adam Loy, Carleton College The purpose of Data Science and Machine Learning: Mathematical and Statistical Methods is to provide an accessible, yet comprehensive textbook intended for students interested in gaining a better understanding of the mathematics and statistics that underpin the rich variety of ideas and machine learning algorithms in data science. Key Features: Focuses on mathematical understanding. Presentation is self-contained, accessible, and comprehensive. Extensive list of exercises and worked-out examples. Many concrete algorithms with Python code. Full color throughout. Further Resources can be found on the authors website: https://github.com/DSML-book/Lectures
On‐Demand Wrinkling Patterns in Thin Metal Films Generated from Self‐Assembling Liquid Crystals (2014)

In this work, a new, universal method is described that uses the photopatterning of liquid crystals, which is accurately translated into a controlled, intricately wrinkled metal surface. Remarkably, the patterns have an oscillation in amplitude of the wrinkles. This rapid method allows generation of intricate multidomain patterns and continuous circular structures, including azimuthal, radial, and even higher complexity arrangements as examples. These wrinkled gold surfaces are also strikingly visual, which is interesting for applications ranging from diffractive elements to fine jewelry.
RDIS: Tolerating Many Stuck-At Faults in Resistive Memory (2014)

With their potential for high scalability and density, resistive memories are foreseen as a promising technology that overcomes the physical limitations confronted by charge-based DRAM and flash memory. Yet, a main burden towards the successful adoption and commercialization of resistive memories is their low cell reliability caused by process variation and limited write endurance. Typically, faulty and worn-out cells are permanently stuck at either ‘0’ or ‘1’. To overcome the challenge, a robust error correction scheme that can recover from many hard faults is required. In this paper, we propose and evaluate RDIS , a novel scheme to efficiently tolerate memory stuck-at faults. RDIS allows for the correct retrieval of data by recursively determining and efficiently keeping track of the positions of the bits that are stuck at a value different from the ones that are written, and then, at read time, by inverting the values read from those positions. RDIS is characterized by a very low probability of failure that increases slowly with the relative increase in the number of faults. Moreover, RDIS tolerates many more faults than the best existing scheme—by up to 95 percent on average at the same overhead level.
TaaS (2019)

We propose a mechanism for an m-party dishonest majority Multi-Party Computation (MPC) protocol to obtain the required pre-processing data (called Beaver Triples), from a subset of a set of cloud service providers; providing a form of TaaS (Triples-as-a-Service). The service providers used by the MPC computing parties can be selected dynamically at the point of the MPC computation being run, and the interaction between the MPC parties and the TaaS parties is via a single round of communication, logged on a public ledger. The TaaS is itself instantiated as an MPC protocol which produces the triples for a different access structure. Thus our protocol also acts as a translation mechanism between the secret sharing used by one MPC protocol and the other.
Facile synthesis and application of multi-shelled SnO2 hollow spheres in lithium ion battery (2016)

A simple template-free hydrothermal method has been developed to prepare multi-shelled SnO<sub>2</sub> hollow spheres with controlled interior texture.