gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The quest for inexpensive, compact, low phase noise laser sources for fiber optic sensing applications (2009)

A systematic comparison of the phase noise performance for commercial off-the-shelf solid-state and semiconductor laser technologies is presented. Specifically these technologies include, Nd:YAG lasers, Er-doped fiber lasers, external cavity semiconductor lasers, and semiconductor DFB lasers. In addition to the measured phase noise performance, price, output power, size, and other important variables for these different laser systems will be compared. Relative to previously published results, the phase noise performance of inexpensive external cavity semiconductor lasers has improved dramatically in recent years, now rivaling that of Er-doped fiber lasers.
Genetic Analysis and Functional Characterization of the Streptococcus pneumoniae vic Operon (2002)

The vic two-component signal transduction system of Streptococcus pneumoniae is essential for growth. The vic operon comprises three genes encoding the following: VicR, a response regulator of the OmpR family; VicK, its cognate histidine kinase; and VicX, a putative protein sharing 55% identity to the predicted product (YycJ) of an open reading frame in the Bacillus subtilis genome. We show that not only is vic essential for viability but it also influences virulence and competence. A putative transcriptional start site for the vic operon was mapped 16 bp upstream of the ATG codon of vicR. Only one transcript of 2.9 kb, encoding all three genes, was detected by Northern blot analysis. VicK, an atypical PAS domain-containing histidine kinase, can be autophosphorylated in vitro, and VicR functions in vitro as a phospho-acceptor protein. (PAS is an acronym formed from the names of the proteins in which the domains were first recognized: the Drosophila period clock protein [PER], vertebrate aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator [ARNT], and Drosophila single-minded protein [SIM].) PAS domains are commonly involved in sensing intracellular signals such as redox potential, which suggests that the signal for vic might also originate in the cytoplasm. Growth rate, competence, and virulence were monitored in strains with mutations in the vic operon. Overexpression of the histidine kinase, VicK, resulted in decreased virulence, whereas the transformability of a null mutant decreased by 3 orders of magnitude.
GABA exerts opposite influence on warm and cold sensitive neurons in medial preoptic area in rats (2001)

The preoptic area regulates body temperature. GABA-ergic terminals and receptors are present in this area. Local microinjection studies have shown that GABA, its agonist, and its antagonist in this area may modulate body temperature. However, there are warm and cold sensitive neurons, and they are known to be affected by local and peripheral temperatures. In order to understand the mechanism of action of GABA in temperature regulation at the cellular level it was necessary to study the effect of GABA on individual thermosensitive neurons in in vivo preparations. Hence, in this study the responses of preoptic area thermosensitive and insensitive neurons to microiontophoretic application of picrotoxin, a GABA-A antagonist, were studied in anaesthetized rats. It was observed that a majority of both the thermosensitive and insensitive neurons were affected by microiontophoretic application of picrotoxin. Although almost an equal number of cold and warm sensitive neurons were affected, a majority of the cold sensitive neurons were excited, while a majority of the warm sensitive neurons were inhibited by picrotoxin. The results suggested that in normal conditions GABA acts through GABA-A receptor in modulating the spontaneous activity of thermosensitive neurons in the preoptic area. Furthermore, the results of the present study taken together with other reports suggest that normally GABA exerts a direct inhibitory action on the cold sensitive neurons, while it acts on presynaptic heteroreceptors, possibly on norepinephrinergic afferent input terminals on the warm sensitive neurons, for mediating its action.
Elasticity of planar fiber networks (2005)

A micromechanics model is proposed for the elasticity of planar fiber networks (FNs). The FN is created by random deposition of linearly elastic straight rods within a region. The rods are bonded rigidly at contacts. Under external in-plane loading, the FN deformation consists of fiber bending, elongation, and contraction. An effective constitutive relation for fiber network is developed by averaging the strain energy dissipated by all possible fiber deformations in all directions. Numerical calculations are performed to analyze the effects of fiber aspect ratio and fiber concentration on the effective stiffness of the planar random FN. Finite element analysis (FEA) is performed and compared with the theoretical predictions of the effective FN moduli at several fiber concentrations. FEA results are in good agreement with theoretical predictions. The present model can be used for the prediction of mechanical properties, scaling analysis, and optimization of fiber assemblies.
Fractal dimension of line width roughness and its effects on transistor performance (2008)

The effects of Line Width Roughness (LWR) on transistor performance are one of the hottest issues in semiconductor industry. However, in most related studies, LWR is considered as the fluctuations of gate lengths and not of resist lines. In this paper, we examine the direct effects of one of the spatial resist LWR parameters, the fractal dimension, on transistor off current deviations for various correlation lengths and gate widths. The aim is to exploit the fractality of LWR in order to link the gap between the LWR of long resist lines and the gate length roughness that affects transistor performance. The used methodology is based on the simulation of both resist lines and transistor operation. The results of the two step methodology are presented for both narrow and wide gates. For the first, it is found that for all correlation lengths, higher fractal dimension (smaller roughness exponent) of the resist line leads to off state currents closer to the nominal value. For wide gates, an interesting differentiation is found at the dependence of the standard deviation from the fractal dimension as correlation length decreases. For sufficiently low correlation length, the behavior is reversed and the low fractal dimension are more beneficial that the higher ones. An explanation of that reverse is provided by means of the dependence of the CD variation on gate width for various fractal dimensions. Finally, the implications of these findings on the dependencies of the yield of transistors on fractal dimension and correlation length are also discussed.
Linear Complexity Private Set Intersection for Secure Two-Party Protocols. (2020)

In this paper, we propose a new private set intersection (PSI) protocol with bi-oblivious data transfer that computes the following functionality. The two parties (\(P_1\) and \(P_2\)) input two sets of items (X and Y, respectively) and one of the parties (\(P_2\)) outputs \(f_i(b_i)\) for each \(y_i \in Y\), where \(b_i\) is 0 or 1 depending on the truth value of \(y_i {\mathop {\in }\limits ^{?}} X\) and \(f_i\) is defined by the other party (\(P_1\)) as taking 1-bit input and outputting the party’s (\(P_1\)’s) data to be transferred. This functionality is generally required when the PSI protocol is used as a part of a larger secure two-party secure computation such as threshold PSI or any function of the whole intersecting set in general. Pinkas et al. presented a PSI protocol at Eurocrypt 2019 for this functionality, which has linear complexity only in communication. While there are PSI protocols with linear computation and communication complexities in the classical PSI setting where the intersection itself is revealed to one party, to the best of our knowledge, there is no PSI protocol, which outputs a function of the membership results and satisfies linear complexity in both communication and computation. We present the first PSI protocol that outputs only a function of the membership results with linear communication and computation complexities. While creating the protocol, as a side contribution, we provide a one-time batch oblivious programmable pseudo-random function based on garbled Bloom filters. We also implemented our protocol and provide performance results.
A non-ZUPT gait reconstruction method for ankle sensors (2014)

Monitoring lower body motion, especially gait pattern, using low cost Inertial Measurement Units on a daily basis is becoming critically important for the diagnosis and rehabilitation of neurological diseases. The current state of the art algorithm is to double integrate motion acceleration and compensate cumulative errors by resetting velocity signals to zero at the stance-phase of each stride. However, this method is only applicable for foot-mounted sensors. For the medically more preferable ankle-mounted position, the assumption of this zero-velocity-update (ZUPT) method does not hold. In this paper, a new non-ZUPT method is proposed. We estimated the true velocity during stance-phase, and reset velocity to the estimated value instead of zero. 10 subjects were recruited for 40-meter-level flat floor walking. The stride length estimation error was reduced to 3.58% from 13.22% on average comparing to the conventional ZUPT method on an ankle-mounted sensor. Validity of this method is further supported by stairs walking of 4 more subjects.
Isotropic Noise Suppression in the Power Spectrum Domain by Symmetric Microphone Arrays (2007)

In this paper, we propose a new array processing framework for suppressing isotropic noise in the power spectrum domain. As a theoretical basis, we discuss the characteristics of the isotropic noise covariance matrix and show that it can be diagonalized by a definite unitary matrix when the microphone array has a certain symmetry. By the diagonalization, our method gathers noise components to diagonals of the basis-transformed covariance matrix and restores the power spectrum of the target source in a specified direction from non-diagonal components by Maximum Likelihood (ML) method. We performed simulations which show the efficiency of our method for both stationary noise field and non-stationary noise field situations.
Progressive Left Ventricular Hypertrophy After Withdrawal of Long-Term ACE Inhibition Following Experimental Myocardial Infarction (2005)

The observed alterations after withdrawing long-term post-MI quinapril treatment in the present study may account for an increased risk for ischemic events. Thus, our findings highlight the potentially harmful effects associated with abrupt discontinuation of long-term post-MI ACE inhibition, and imply careful clinical consideration in this matter.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Markovnikov′s Addition of Trifluoroacetic Acid to Alkenes Using Vanadium(V) Oxide. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Assembly of Well-Aligned Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes in Confined Polyacrylonitrile Environments:  Electrospun Composite Nanofiber Sheets (2004)

Highly oriented, large area continuous composite nanofiber sheets made from surface-oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) were successfully developed using electrospinning. The preferred orientation of surface-oxidized MWNTs along the fiber axis was determined with transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction. The surface morphology and height profile of the composite nanofibers were also investigated using an atomic force microscope in tapping mode. For the first time, it was observed that the orientation of the carbon nanotubes within the nanofibers was much higher than that of the PAN polymer crystal matrix as detected by two-dimensional wide-angle X-ray diffraction experiments. This suggests that not only surface tension and jet elongation but also the slow relaxation of the carbon nanotubes in the nanofibers are determining factors in the orientation of carbon nanotubes. The extensive fine absorption structure detected via UV/vis spectroscopy indicated that charge-transfer complexes formed between the surface-oxidized nanotubes and negatively charged (-CN[triple bond]N:) functional groups in PAN during electrospinning, leading to a strong interfacial bonding between the nanotubes and surrounding polymer chains. As a result of the highly anisotropic orientation and the formation of complexes, the composite nanofiber sheets possessed enhanced electrical conductivity, mechanical properties, thermal deformation temperature, thermal stability, and dimensional stability. The electrical conductivity of the PAN/MWNT composite nanofibers containing 20 wt % nanotubes was enhanced to approximately 1 S/cm. The tensile modulus values of the compressed composite nanofiber sheets were improved significantly to 10.9 and 14.5 GPa along the fiber winding direction at the MWNT loading of 10 and 20 wt %, respectively. The thermal deformation temperature increased with increased MWNT loading. The thermal expansion coefficient of the composite nanofiber sheets was also reduced by more than an order of magnitude to 13 x 10(-6)/ degrees C along the axis of aligned nanofibers containing 20 wt % MWNTs.
Exploring geothermal resources using electromagnetic methods in coastal areas of volcanic islands: Challenges of nearshore and land 3D controlled-source electromagnetic data (2023)

ABSTRACT Three-dimensional geophysical exploration is essential in identifying favorable areas and derisking high-temperature geothermal projects. In particular, electrical resistivity imaging plays a key role in this exploration due to its sensitivity to the presence of alteration products, geothermal fluid circulation, and temperature. As 3D seismic exploration is rarely effective in volcanic environments, resistivity methods such as magnetotellurics (MTs) are often used to extract deep structural information. However, deep electromagnetic (EM) imaging in coastal areas of volcanic islands with MT can be challenging due to anthropogenic noise induced by urbanized areas concentrated around the coast. The use of active EM sources, such as airborne EM (AEM) and controlled-source EM (CSEM), as a complement to MT is a solution for overcoming anthropogenic noise. However, applying these methods in this context is still challenging due to the proximity to the sea/land interface, large variations in topography and nearshore bathymetry, and the heterogeneity of the near surface. Our approach outlines the challenges of acquiring, processing, and inverting nearshore and land 3D CSEM data in such complex environments. The CSEM data are part of a multimethod geothermal exploration on the island of Martinique in the French West Indies, and its 3D inversion result is compared with the previous regional 3D MT and AEM inversion results. In addition to MT, CSEM may highlight the location of a potential high-temperature paleo-reservoir at shallow depths under the urbanized area of Petite-Anse covered by a paleo-clay cap ranging from a few meters to several hundred meters in thickness. We conclude by proposing possible improvements for CSEM and multimethod methodologies to obtain more reliable exploratory models.
Oil Exploration: Basin Analysis and Economics (1992)

Oil Exploration presents quantitative procedures for assessing predictions of potential oil recovery (basin size, hydrocarbon content) and economic impact (exploration cost, production, transport, and refining). This is the first book to combine uncertainties in basin analysis with uncertainties in economics to provide quantitaive risk assesments of oil accumulations. Emphasis is placed on advances made in analytical methods and improved techniques developed during the last decade. The book will serve oil exploration personnel in industry, graduate students in economic geology, and researchers in petroleum engineering.
Non-Intrusive Pressure Measurement in Microchannels (2007)

Direct pressure and flow rate measurement in microsystems has been problematic due to micro and nano length scales. Commercially available pressure and flow rate transducers are typically orders of magnitude larger than the channel cross sections making these sensors impractical for microchannels. A novel, non-intrusive measurement technique has proven to be adaptable for making such measurements. The technique, based upon backscattering interferometry, correlates changes in interferometric fringe morphology to fluid compressibility. Sub-Pascal pressure detection has been demonstrated using an unfocused laser beam impinging on a fluid-filled, glass capillary tube. Fringe movement and thickness change, resulting from fluid velocity changes and transverse tube deflection, have been correlated to pressure values via the Hagen-Poiseuille relationships for laminar flow.
Partnership with the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes: Establishing an Advisory Committee for Pharmacogenetic Research (2016)

We have created an academic-community partnership to ensure CSKT community input and to share decision making about pharmacogenetic research. Our CBPR approach may be a model for engaging AI/AN people, and other underserved populations, in genetic research.
Propofol Reduces Perioperative Remifentanil Requirements in a Synergistic Manner (2003)

Propofol reduces remifentanil requirements for suppression of responses to laryngoscopy, intubation, and intraabdominal surgical stimulation in a synergistic manner. In addition, remifentanil decreases propofol concentrations associated with the return of consciousness in a synergistic manner.
Detection of Catalytic Activity in Combinatorial Libraries of Heterogeneous Catalysts by IR Thermography (1998)

Only about 200 μg of catalyst are required to identify the catalytically active materials on a combinatorial library of heterogeneous catalysts by IR thermography. The procedure is highly sensitive, and temperature differences arising from catalytic activity of hydrogenations and oxidations have been reliably detected down to 0.1 K.
Nitrogen-Phosphorous Fertilizers on the Base of Concentrated Ammonium Nitrate Solution and Central Kyzylkum Phosphate Raw Material (2014)

Abstract This article presents obtaining of nitrogen-phosphate fertilizers by reacting ordinary phosphate powder from Central Kyzylkum (Uzbekistan) with 70-90% ammonium nitrate solution at 100ºС. Chemical composition of the fertilizers was determined fully. Relevant consistence of acceptable forms of Р 2 О 5 and СаО in the product extremely decreased by the increase of amount of phosphate raw material (PRM) in reaction mixture. The addition of phosphate additive into ammonium nitrate solution significantly increases toughness of ammonium nitrate granules and their growth velocity proportionally by phosphate powder added. Herewith, initial concentration of ammonium nitrate did not effect practically on the granule’s toughness. It is described that, phosphate additive decreases the speed of solubility of ammonium nitrate granules almost up to 1.83 times. On our opinion, decrease of fertilizer solubility is the result of growing phosphorite share in the products. The more is the phosphorite share, the more slowly dissolution process of the fertilizer granule does occur.
Bispectral magnitude and phase recovery using a wide bandwidth acousto-optic processor (1992)

A hybrid optical-digital processor has been developed that computes both the magnitude and phase of the bispectrum for wide bandwidth (10 MHz to 1 GHz) rf signals. The overall optical architecture is that of a modified Mach-Zehnder interferometer that contains three acousto-optic modulators and appropriate transforming lenses. The intensity distribution in the output plane of the interferometer contains an interference term that represents the real part of the bispectrum multiplied by a spatial carrier (the interference fringes). To isolate the bispectrum information, the output image is digitized and digitally filtered. The imaginary part of the bispectrum is obtained by Hilbert transforming the real part, and then computing the bispectrum magnitude and phase. The processor is tested with four different combinations of rf test signals. Each signal has a bandwidth of either 6 or 12 MHz. Test results that illustrate the performance of the processor in the recovery of magnitude and phase information for the bispectrum of quadratically related signals are presented.
Development of compact femtosecond fiber laser and alignment free confocal system for multilayered optical memory (2010)

We developed a compact and high-power mode-locked fiber laser for three-dimensional optical memory. Fiber lasers have the potential to be compact and stable light sources that can replace bulk solid-state lasers. To generate high-power pulses, we used stretched-pulse mode locking. The average power and pulse width of the output pulse from the fiber laser that we developed were 109 mW and 2.1 ps, respectively. The dispersion of the output pulse was compensated with an external single-mode fiber of 2.5 m length. The pulse was compressed from 2.1 ps to 93 fs by dispersion compensation. The pulse emitted from this fiber laser has a sufficient energy to generate two-photon recording effectively, so the fiber laser we have developed is possible to use as a light source of three-dimensional optical memory. We also propose an all-fiber recording and readout system for multilayered memories.
The self-assembly of gold and SCd nanoparticle multilayer structures studied by quartz crystal microgravimetry (1996)

M. Brust, R. Etchenique, E. J. Calvo and G. J. Gordillo, Chem. Commun., 1996, 1949 DOI: 10.1039/CC9960001949
Diffuse optical spectroscopic imaging for the investigation of human lactation physiology: a case study on mammary involution (2019)

Relatively few imaging and sensing technologies are employed to study human lactation physiology. In particular, human mammary development during pregnancy as well as mammary involution after lactation have been poorly described, despite their importance for breast cancer diagnosis and treatment during these phases. Our case study shows the potential of diffuse optical spectroscopic imaging (DOSI) to uniquely study the spatiotemporal changes in mammary tissue composition during the involution of the lactating breast toward its pre-pregnant state. At nine time intervals over a period of eight months after the cessation of breastfeeding, we reconstructed 2-D maps of mammary water content, lipid content, total hemoglobin (THb) concentration, oxygen saturation (StO2), and tissue optical scattering. Mammary lipid content in the nonareolar region showed a significant relative increase of 59%, whereas water content and THb concentration showed a significant relative decrease of 50% and 48%, respectively. Significant changes were also found in StO2 and tissue optical scattering. Our findings are consistent with the gradual replacement of fibroglandular tissue by adipose tissue and vascular regression during mammary involution. Moreover, our data provide unique insight into the dynamics of breast tissue composition and demonstrate the effectiveness of DOSI as a technique to study human lactation physiology.