gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
AlN substrates: fabrication via vapor phase growth and characterization (2003)

A new vapor phase crystal growth technique was applied to fabricate single crystal AlN wafers up to 1.75-inch diameter. The wafers were sliced from AlN crystals and polished. Fabricated AlN wafers were investigated by X-ray diffraction, TEM, and cathodoluminescence. X-ray diffraction and TEM studies confirmed single crystal structure of grown material. High electrical resistivity of these AlN wafers was verified. AlN homoepitaxial layers exhibiting sharp near-band-edge emission were grown on fabricated AlN substrates. These results open the door for the commercialization of AlN substrates for advanced high-power mm-wave devices and optoelectronic devices based on Group III-nitride semiconductors. (© 2003 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Drug screening in 3D in vitro tumor models: overcoming current pitfalls of efficacy read‐outs (2016)

There is cumulating evidence that in vitro 3D tumor models with increased physiological relevance can improve the predictive value of pre-clinical research and ultimately contribute to achieve decisions earlier during the development of cancer-targeted therapies. Due to the role of tumor microenvironment in the response of tumor cells to therapeutics, the incorporation of different elements of the tumor niche on cell model design is expected to contribute to the establishment of more predictive in vitro tumor models. This review is focused on the several challenges and adjustments that the field of oncology research is facing to translate these advanced tumor cells models to drug discovery, taking advantage of the progress on culture technologies, imaging platforms, high throughput and automated systems. The choice of 3D cell model, the experimental design, choice of read-outs and interpretation of data obtained from 3D cell models are critical aspects when considering their implementation in drug discovery. In this review, we foresee some of these aspects and depict the potential directions of pre-clinical oncology drug discovery towards improved prediction of drug efficacy.
Adaptive Neural Control Based on PEMFC Hybrid Modeling (2006)

Fuel cell stack breathing control system is important to avoid degradation of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack voltage, and to maintain high efficiency and long stack life. This paper propose a new control technique for fuel cell stack breathing control system based on hybrid model, which combines space state equation with neural network black-box model. PEMFC stack process is represented with space state equation, the output of PEMFC stack voltage is modeled with neural network which consists of an input layer, a hidden layer and an output layer. Then adaptive neural controller is designed to control fuel cell breathing system based on hybrid model. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed hybrid model and the adaptive neural controller have good performance
Remembrance: The Unbearable Sentience of Being Digital (2009)

We introduce a world vision in which data is endowed with memory. In this data-centric systems paradigm, data items can be enabled to retain all or some of their previous values. We call this ability remembrance and posit that it empowers significant leaps in the security, availability, and general operational dimensions of systems. With the explosion in cheap, fast memories and storage, large-scale remembrance will soon become practical. Here, we introduce and explore the advantages of such a paradigm and the challenges in making it a reality. 1.
Molecular studies into Copine-4 function in Retinal Ganglion Cells (2021)

ABSTRACT The molecular mechanisms underlying morphological diversity in retinal cell types are poorly understood. We have previously reported that several members of the Copine family of Ca-dependent membrane adaptors are expressed in Retinal Ganglion Cells (RGCs) and transcriptionally regulated by Brn3 transcription factors. Several Copines are enriched in the retina and their over-expression leads to morphological changes reminiscent of neurite formation in HEK293 cells. However, the role of Copines in the retina is largely unknown. Here we focus on Cpne4, a Copine whose expression is restricted to RGCs. Over-expression of Cpne4 in RGCs in vivo led to formation of large varicosities on the dendrites but did not otherwise visibly affect dendrite or axon formation. Protein interactions studies using yeast two hybrid analysis from whole retina cDNA revealed two Cpne4 interacting proteins - HCFC1 and Morn2. Mass Spectrometry analysis of retina lysate pulled down using Cpne4 or its vonWillebrand A (vWA) domain identified a further 207 interacting proteins. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis of Cpne4 interactors suggests its involvement in several metabolic and signaling pathways, including processes related to vesicle trafficking, intracellular membrane bound organelles, and plasma membrane associated structures, including neurites. We conclude that, consistent with its domain structure, Cpne4 may be involved in assembly and trafficking of several membrane associated cell compartments.
FRET‐Nachweis geometrisch präzise definierter Expansions‐Kontraktions‐Bewegungen im Multinanometerbereich eines Resorcin[4]aren‐Cavitand‐basierten Schalters (2005)

Über einen hochkonvergenten Syntheseweg wurde ein molekularer Schalter auf der Basis eines Resorcin[4]aren-Cavitand-Gerüstes hergestellt, der sehr weiträumige, geometrisch präzise definierte molekulare Bewegungen eingeht (siehe Schema). Das Schalten zwischen kontrahiertem und expandiertem Zustand wird durch pH-Wert- oder Temperaturänderung induziert und lässt sich durch 1H-NMR-Spektroskopie und resonanten Fluoreszenzenergietransfer (FRET) nachweisen. Hintergrundinformationen zu diesem Beitrag sind im WWW unter http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2005/z500970_s.pdf zu finden oder können beim Autor angefordert werden. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
A pilot study of 18F-FSPG SiPM-based PET/CT in patients referred for exclusion of active cardiac sarcoidosis and negative or non-diagnostic 18F-FDG PET/CT (2020)

1605 Objectives: 18F-FDG PET is currently used for the assessment of active cardiac sarcoidosis; however, up to 1/3 of patients fail to follow the required complex dietary restrictions, resulting in non-diagnostic scans. 18F-labeled FSPG, an L-glutamate derivative, is a promising radiotracer for PET imaging of the aminoacid antiporter system xC- that is involved in detoxification processes and balancing oxidative stress, including in sarcoidosis. No dietary restrictions are required prior to 18F-FSPG PET. This prospective pilot study evaluates the utility of 18F-FSPG PET for assessment of cardiac sarcoidosis, in comparison to negative or non-diagnostic 18F-FDG PET.
Materials and Methods: Patients referred to Nuclear Medicine to rule out active cardiac sarcoidosis were prospectively enrolled after the 18F-FDG PET/CT results were negative or non-diagnostic. 18F-FSPG whole-body imaging started 46-67 minutes (mean±SD: 53.8±6.0), while dedicated cardiac imaging started 55-77 minutes (mean±SD: 65.9±5.9) after injection of 7.1-8.9 mCi (mean±SD: 8.1±0.5). The mean delay time between 18F-FDG PET and 18F-FSPG PET was 23.3 days. A state-of-the art SiPM-based PET/CT scanner was used.
 Results: Data from 3 women and 10 men, 32-79 year-old (mean±SD: 58.2±12.9) were collected. Six of the participants had no 18F-FDG uptake compatible with cardiac sarcoidosis; 2 of the 6 had 18F-FDG uptake in lung nodules and mediastinal lymph nodes, while 1 of the 6 had 18F-FDG uptake in mediastinal lymph nodes compatible with sarcoidosis. 18F-FSPG uptake was seen in the lung nodules and mediastinal lymph nodes in the same 3 participants with 18F-FDG uptake, while no 18F-FSPG uptake was identified in the myocardium. The remaining 7 patients had non-diagnostic cardiac 18F-FDG PET due to non-compliance with dietary instructions; 18F-FDG uptake in lung nodules and mediastinal lymph nodes was seen in 1 of these 7 patients. These lung nodules and mediastinal lymph nodes also had 18F-FSPG uptake. No 18F-FSPG myocardial uptake was identified in the 7 patients with non-diagnostic cardiac 18F-FDG PET.
 Conclusions: 18F-FSPG appears to show promising results in ruling out cardiac sarcoid involvement in a cohort with negative or non-diagnostic 18F-FDG PET. Further evaluation in larger cohorts is needed to confirm our data. In addition, future studies should evaluate 18F-FSPG usage in patients with confirmed active cardiac sarcoidosis.
Identification of glycoconjugates in the urine of a patient with congenital disorder of glycosylation by high‐resolution mass spectrometry (2005)

More than 150 molecular species were detected in a single glycoconjugate fraction obtained from urine of a congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) patient by use of high-resolution FT-ICR MS. With respect to its high-mass accuracy and resolving power, FT-ICR MS represents an ideal tool for analysis of single components in complex glycoconjugate mixtures obtained from body fluids. The presence of overlapping nearly isobaric ionic species in glycoconjugate mixtures obtained from CDG patient's urine was postulated from fragmentation data of several precursor ions obtained by nanoESI Q-TOF CID. Their existence was confirmed by high-resolution/high-mass accuracy FT-ICR MS detection. High-resolution FT-ICR mass spectra can, therefore, be generally considered for glycoscreening of complex mixture samples in a single stage. From the accurate molecular ion mass determinations the composition of glycoconjugate species can be identified. Particular enhancement of identification is offered by computer-assisted calculations in combination with monosaccharide building block analysis, which can be extended by considerations of non-carbohydrate modifications, such as amino acids, phosphates and sulfates. Taking advantage of this strategy, the number of compositions assigned to mass peaks was significantly increased in a fraction obtained from urine by size exclusion and anion exchange chromatography.
Apparatus for Measuring Adsorption from Solution on Solid Metal Electrodes (1962)

A new method for measuring adsorption of organic molecules at the metal/solution interface as a function of potential is presented. The method is designed primarily for studying the adsorption of C14- or S35-labeled organic compounds but can also be used for the adsorption of tagged inorganic species. The main feature of this method is that the large background usually present in this type of experiment has been eliminated. Any metal, which can be obtained in the form of a thin tape of sufficient tensile strength or which can be plated onto a base of sufficient tensile strength, can be investigated by this technique. Some results of the adsorption of thiourea on nickel are given.
Controlled active vision (1992)

Current robotic systems lack the flexibility of dynamic interaction with the environment. The use of sensors can make the robotic systems more flexible. Among the different types of sensors, sensors play a critical role. In this thesis, we present the framework of active vision which states that a controlled motion of a sensor can maximize the performance of any robotic algorithm that involves a moving sensor. The research in this thesis is a bridge between conventional and control theory research. One of the applications of this framework is real-time robotic (eye-in-hand configuration) visual servoing around static or moving arbitrary 3-D objects. We formulate the problem of visual tracking and servoing as a problem of combining control with computer vision. Algorithms that incorporate the use of multiple windows and numerically stable confidence measures are combined with stochastic controllers in order to provide a satisfactory solution to the tracking problem. The special relations between the characteristics of computer and control algorithms are highlighted through a series of experimental results.
One of the most important contributions of this work is the introduction of adaptive control techniques in order to compensate for inaccurate modeling of the environment, such as depth estimation. One example is in the case of inaccurate knowledge of the features' depth where the displacements are fed to adaptive SISO controllers that estimate the desired robot motion. Our recent work extends the algorithms to full 3-D tracking and servoing. In one of the experiments, the manipulator repositions itself with respect to the static target. In another experiment, the manipulator tracks the full 3-D motion of the target without having accurate information about the system's parameters. The human operator can be integrated with the autonomous servoing modules through a sophisticated system architecture. The performance of the proposed algorithms has been tested on two real systems, the CMU DD Arm II and the TROIKABOT.
Analysis of a Single H2-air Pulse Detonation in a Supersonic Combustor (2013)

A two-dimensional unsteady simulation examines the effects of the detonation initiation of an innovative pulsed scramjet system. An analogous supersonic combustor includes a small detonation device with a stoichiometric H 2 -O 2 mixture, meant to augment the fuel penetration, mixing, and early ignition process of a fueled supersonic combustor. The single pulse detonation tube is located right after a single 30 o angled wall flush injection of H 2 into supersonic freestream air, resulting in a Φ s ~1/3. The injection port and detonation tube are followed by a typical 30 o open cavity with L/D=5. The analyses considered herein assume finite-rate conditions with a reduced chemical mechanism for both the hydrogen-oxygen and hydrogen-air mixtures to model the pulse detonation and the scramjet fuel flow. The flow properties in the tube were initialized at atmospheric conditions for the mixture to evolve the pulse, simulated at the head of the tube after detonation has occurred. The results of the small hydrogen detonator delineated a basic evaluation to advance the understanding and configuration design of a supersonic pulse assisted combustor. Nomenclature:
Using Image Analysis and Regression Modeling to Develop a Diagnostic Tool for Peanut Foliar Symptoms (2022)

Peanut foliar diseases and disorders can be difficult to rapidly diagnose with little experience because some abiotic and biotic symptoms present similar symptoms. Developing algorithms for automated identification of peanut foliar diseases and disorders could potentially provide a quick, affordable, and easy method for diagnosing peanut symptoms. To examine this, images of peanut leaves were captured from various angles, distances, and lighting conditions using various cameras. Color space data from all images was subsequently extracted and subjected to logistic regression. Separate algorithms were developed for each symptom to include healthy, hopperburn, late leaf spot, Provost injury, tomato spotted wilt, paraquat injury, or surfactant injury. The majority of these symptoms are not included within currently available disease identification mobile apps. All of the algorithms developed for peanut foliar diagnostics were ≥ 86% accurate. These diagnostic algorithms have the potential to be a valuable tool for growers if made available via a web-accessible platform, which is the next step of this work.
Oxcarbazepine final market image tablet formulation bioequivalence study after single administration and at steady state in healthy subjects (2002)

A final market image (FMI) tablet formulation of oxcarbazepine was compared with the marketed formulation (current market formulation (CMF)) and with the clinical trial formulation (CTF) tablet used during clinical efficacy and safety studies. The goal of the study was to compare the bioavailability after single doses and at steady state of the FMI versus CMF and CTF as well. Additionally, the effect of food was evaluated on the final market formulation. The study was an open-label, single-center, 4-way crossover trial. Each treatment period consisted of a single dose of 600 mg OXC on Day 1. From Day 4 up to including Day 7, 600 mg b.i.d. were administered. A final dose of 600 mg was administered in the morning on Day 8. Blood samples were taken on Day 1 before and on Day 7 (predose) and on Day 8 (morning dose). Plasma concentrations of MHD (the main metabolite of OXC) were determined by using a validated HPLC assay. FMI as test formulation was compared with the CMF and CTF as reference formulations. FMI under fed conditions was also compared with FMI under fasting conditions. These comparisons were made using data following single-dose administration and steady state conditions. Plasma AUC for single dose or AUC(0-12h) for steady state, and plasma Cmax, log-transformed (natural base), were used for the assessment of bioequivalence. The 90% confidence interval (CI) approach was used for testing bioequivalence. Bioequivalence was accepted if the CI was contained within the region (0.8, 1.25). At steady state under fed conditions, tested formulation (FMI) was bioequivalent to CTF and with the reference marketed formulation (CMF) with regard to AUC and Cmax. After single dose under fed conditions, FMI and CTF were bioequivalent with regard to AUC and Cmax, and FMI and CMF were equivalent with regard to AUC but not Cmax. Food had no effect on the bioavailability of the FMI. These results clearly support the switch from the current market formulation (CMF) to the final market image tablet in the countries where Trileptal is or was already registered.
A knowledge model for analysis and simulation of regulatory networks (2000)

We introduce an ontological model for the representation of biological knowledge related to regulatory networks in vertebrates. We outline a taxonomy of the concepts, define their 'whole-to-part' relationships, describe the properties of major concepts, and outline a set of the most important axioms. The ontology is partially realized in a computer system designed to aid researchers in biology and medicine in visualizing and editing a representation of a signal transduction system.
Centralized and decentralized stochastic control problems with an exponential cost criterion (2003)

The authors consider stochastic control problems with an exponential cost criterion. In particular, the centralized linear-exponential-Gaussian (LEG) control problem is solved with the hypothesis that the controller is constructed from the past information and the current observation of the state. The decentralized LEG control problem of a two-member team with a one-step delayed information-sharing pattern is considered. In contrast to the centralized derivation where a type of certainty equivalence holds, a summary of all the data must be swept forward to the terminal time stage. Then it is decomposed in a backward recursion in order to construct the decentralized controller gains. The derivation procedure indicates a strong connection between stochastic control theory and game theory for this class of operations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
193-nm photoresist development at Union Chemical Labs., ITRI (2000)

Union Chemical Laboratories has designed and synthesized novel copolymers of norbornene-alt-derivatives, maleic anhydride and alicyclic acrylate for ArF excimer laser lithography. These polymers are prepared using a free-radical copolymerization process. Applying the resin for 193-nm single layer chemically amplified photoresist composed of cholate derivative with a PAG leads to a good resolution below 0.13 micrometer line/space patterns using an ArF stepper and 2.38 wt% tetramethylammonium hydroxide aqueous solution as a developer. Furthermore, alternating phase shift mask was used in combination with a feature size as small as 0.1 micrometer. To overcome post exposure delay (PED) effect caused by airborne contamination, three new base additives were used in the resist formulation. The etching-resist ability of resists by reaction ion etching (RIE) was showed better than conventional g-line and KrF excimer laser resists. Experimental results of CHF<SUB>3</SUB>/CF<SUB>4</SUB> as etch gas, indicate that the etching rate selectivity with respect to SiO<SUB>2</SUB> is about 0.5. The UCL photoresists also showed good shelf life stability.
The Over-Reset Phenomenon in Ta2O5 RRAM Device Investigated by the RTN-Based Defect Probing Technique (2018)

Despite the tremendous efforts in the past decade devoted to the development of filamentary resistive-switching devices (RRAM), there is still a lack of in-depth understanding of its over-reset phenomenon. At higher reset stop voltages that exceed a certain threshold, the resistance at high resistance state reduces, leading to an irrecoverable window reduction. The over-reset phenomenon limits the maximum resistance window that can be achieved by using a higher V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">reset</sub> , which also degrades its potential in applications such as multi-level memory and neuromorphic synapses. In this letter, the over-reset is investigated by cyclic reset operations with incremental stop voltages, and is explained by defect generation in the filament constriction region of Ta <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> RRAM devices. This is supported by the statistical spatial defects profile obtained from the random telegraph noise based defect probing technique. The impact of forming compliance current on the over-reset is also evaluated.
Optimization of purge air-to-fuel ratio profiles for enhanced Lean NOx Trap control (2004)

Lean NOx Traps (LNT), as a critical aftertreatment device for lean burn engines, require active control to manage its storage and purge cycles. In this paper, optimal air-to-fuel ratio profiles are pursued in LNT operation cycles with focus on the purge phase in which the stored NOx is neutralized by a rich air-to-fuel ratio mixture. It is shown that allowing the AFR to vary during the purge phase can provide a substantial leverage in improving LNT performance, in comparison to the fixed AFR purge strategy. Our findings also demonstrate a fundamental trade-off between the NOx and HC emissions and the fuel consumption with different purge AFR profiles.
Integrated learning-based point cloud compression for geometry and color with graph Fourier transforms (2022)

Point cloud representation is a popular modality to code immersive 3D contents. Several solutions and standards have been recently proposed in order to efficiently compress the large volume of data that point clouds require, in order to make them feasible for real-life applications. Recent studies adopting learning-based methods for point cloud compression have demonstrated high compression efficiency specially when compared to the conventional compression standards. However, they are mostly evaluated either on geometry or color separately, and no learning-based joint codec with performance comparable to state-of-the-art methods have been proposed. In this paper, we propose an integrated learned coding architecture by joining a previously proposed geometry coding module based on three-dimensional convolutional layers with a color compression method relying on graph Fourier transform (GFT) using a learning-based mean and scale hyperprior to compress the obtained coefficients. Evaluation on a test set with dense point clouds shows that the proposed method outperforms GPCC and achieves competitive performance with V-PCC when evaluated with state-of-the-art objective quality metrics.