gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Technology Update: New Perforating Gun System Increases Safety and Efficiency (2016)

Technology Update Achieving greater efficiency in perforation systems can help lower operating costs, particularly when completing long horizontal wellbores in unconventional plays. The DynaStage perforating system, developed by DynaEnergetics, incorporates new technology in the addressable firing system and an improved mechanical design that eliminates potential human error. The system can operate more efficiently than traditional systems and, with its additional safety features, allow other wellsite operations to run in parallel with the perforation process. As a result, the system can achieve improvements in perforation quality and performance reliability, with fewer misruns, while operating efficiently enough to lower total completion costs. The DynaStage system has successfully completed field trials in multiple basins and been commercialized. The system targets two areas to improve operational efficiency and reduce operating cost. Safety—the system has a simple, intrinsically safe design that eliminates the risk of inadvertent detonation from stray current or voltage. Surface explosive handling and arming can be conducted in less time and in parallel with other operations. The design eliminates the need to hold the gun system at shallow subsurface depth during simultaneous operations. Both factors reduce wait times at the wellsite. Reliability—the design of the electronic system and simplification of the mechanical field assembly process help to reduce the number of misruns, which increases efficiency and lowers the cost of completions. Surface Assembly Perforating operations with explosives place the explosive components and workers in close proximity, especially during the arming process. Traditional resistorized detonators can contribute to an increased risk of injury and destruction when connecting the detonator to the gun string and the wireline truck. Safety procedures have been developed to address the risks in this process, and the American Petroleum Institute (API) provides guidelines for safe handling of explosives through Recommended Practice 67 (API RP 67). One of the established best practices is to suspend all surface operations while working with the resistorized detonators. The arming and connection of a gun string at the surface can take up to an hour, meaning that no other wellsite operations can be completed during this time. The DynaStage system removes the risks of this process by providing an addressable and radio frequency (RF)- safe system with immunity to high voltage and current levels. The firing system is built on a low-voltage, digital communication platform that uses the DynaEnergetics detonator technology, proven to successfully communicate and initiate on command during more than 300,000 perforating operations, without a safety incident. This technology enables the verification of all components in the system, including the addressable switch, the RF-safe detonator, and the RF-safe ignitor, during all phases of the operation.
ReAugKD: Retrieval-Augmented Knowledge Distillation For Pre-trained Language Models (2023)

Jianyi Zhang, Aashiq Muhamed, Aditya Anantharaman, Guoyin Wang, Changyou Chen, Kai Zhong, Qingjun Cui, Yi Xu, Belinda Zeng, Trishul Chilimbi, Yiran Chen. Proceedings of the 61st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers). 2023.
Rett Syndrome: Genes, Synapses, Circuits, and Therapeutics (2012)

Development of the nervous system proceeds through a set of complex checkpoints which arise from a combination of sequential gene expression and early neural activity sculpted by the environment. Genetic and environmental insults lead to neurodevelopmental disorders which encompass a large group of diseases that result from anatomical and physiological abnormalities during maturation and development of brain circuits. Rett syndrome (RTT) is a neurological disorder of genetic origin, caused by mutations in the X-linked gene methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2). It features a range of neuropsychiatric abnormalities including motor dysfunctions and mild to severe cognitive impairment. Here, we discuss key questions and recent studies describing animal models, cell-type specific functions of methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2), defects in neural circuit plasticity, and attempts to evaluate possible therapeutic strategies for RTT. We also discuss how genes, proteins, and overlapping signaling pathways affect the molecular etiology of apparently unrelated neuropsychiatric disorders, an understanding of which can offer novel therapeutic strategies for a range of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs).
How Does Riming Affect Dual‐Polarization Radar Observations and Snowflake Shape? (2018)

Abstract As an ice particle grows by riming its shape is expected to change, resulting in a more spherical particle at the later stages of riming. This conceptual model is at the core of the current ice microphysical schemes and used for dual‐polarization radar observation based classification of hydrometeors. A quantitative relation between riming and shapes of snowflake aggregates, however, has not been established yet. This study aims to derive this relation by using surface‐based precipitation and coinciding dual‐polarization radar observations. The observations were collected during four winter seasons, 49 snowstorms, at University of Helsinki measurement station in Hyytiälä, Finland. Results show that relation between the differential reflectivity and reflectivity‐weighted rime mass fraction is not monotonic and depends on reflectivity‐weighted mean diameter. This behavior can be explained by the opposing effects of riming on dual‐polarization radar observations. Riming increases particle bulk density, which leads to more pronounced dual‐polarization radar signatures. As riming progresses the aspect ratio of snowflake increases slowly until the rime mass fraction value reaches a certainty value after which the aspect ratio increases more rapidly. Finally, coutilization of Z e , Z dr , and K dp for inferring riming fraction is analyzed.
Poly(levodopa)-modified β-glucan as a candidate for wound dressings (2021)

Levodopa (biological precursor of dopamine) is sometimes used instead of dopamine for synthesis of highly adhesive polycatecholamine coatings on different materials. However, in comparison of polydopamine, little is known about biological safety of poly(levodopa) coatings and their efficacy in binding of therapeutically active substances. Therefore, thermally polymerized curdlan hydrogel was modified via two different modes using levodopa instead of commonly used dopamine and then coupled with gentamicin - aminoglycoside antibiotic. Physicochemical properties, biological safety and antibacterial potential of the hydrogels were evaluated. Poly(levodopa) deposited on curdlan exhibited high stability in wide pH range and blood or plasma, were nontoxic in zebrafish model and favored blood clot formation. Simultaneously, one of hydrogel modification modes allowed to observe high gentamicin binding capacity, antibacterial activity, relatively high nontoxicity for fibroblasts and was unfavorable for fibroblasts adhesion. Such modified poly(levodopa)-modified curdlan showed therefore high potential as wound dressing biomaterial.
Direct modeling of envelope dynamics in resonant inverters (2004)

This paper provides a direct dynamic modeling approach for envelope signals in resonant inverters driven by modulated inputs (AM or FM). Based on the sinusoidal approximation, this approach decomposes the modulated input into its fundamental component plus two dominant sidebands. The system response is then found by the summation of the responses to the three individual inputs. Following this conception, the small signal transfer functions for envelope signals in a resonant inverter are then derived. Some simple but useful results for these transfer functions are presented, which link the transfer functions of envelope signals to the transfer functions of the resonant tank and simplify hand calculations. This modeling approach is verified with simulation and experimental results by studying the dynamic responses of output current envelope to bus voltage and switching frequency.
Aryl Radical Cyclizations of 1-(2‘-Bromobenzyl)isoquinolines with AIBN−Bu3SnH:  Formation of Aporphines and Indolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines (2000)

[reaction: see text] Radical cyclization of alkoxy-substituted 1-(2'-bromobenzyl)-3,4-dihydroisoquinolines 1 with AIBN-Bu3SnH gave 6a,7-dehydroaporphines 2 preferentially. A steric repulsion between the respective alkoxy groups at the 7- and 3'-positions gave 5,6-dihydroindolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines 3 in a "disfavored" 5-endo cyclization mode. Radical cyclizations of the related substrates, such as 1-(2'-bromobenzoyl)isoquinolines or 1-(2'-bromo-alpha-hydroxybenzyl)isoquinolines, were also found to give the corresponding oxoaporphines or oxyaporphines.
Phase II Study of the Novel Epothilone Sagopilone (ZK-EPO) in Patients with Progressive Metastatic Breast Cancer. (2009)

Abstract Background: Sagopilone, a microtubule-stabilizing agent, is a novel, fully synthetic epothilone undergoing clinical development in a variety of tumor types. Proof-of-concept has been demonstrated in Phase II trials of platinum-resistant and -sensitive ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, and melanoma. Sagopilone has shown significant preclinical activity in taxane-resistant breast cancer cell lines, and preliminary clinical activity in patients (pts) with taxane-sensitive and -resistant disease in Phase I. This Phase II study assessed the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of sagopilone in metastatic breast cancer (MBC).Methods: Pts with progressive MBC who received a maximum of 2 previous chemotherapies not containing taxanes or vinca alkaloids were randomized to either i.v. sagopilone 12, 16, or 22 mg/m2 over 3 h or 22 mg/m2 over 0.5 h, every 21 days, for up to 6 cycles. The primary endpoint was the proportion of pts with a complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) as best overall response. A Simon's 2-stage design was used: 15 pts were to be initially accrued per arm; a further 12 pts were recruited per arm if ≥5/15 pts showed a response. The study was to be considered successful if an objective response (CR or PR) was observed in ≥10/27 pts.Results: Eighty-two female pts (median age 59 years) were randomized to treatment. The median number of treatment cycles was 3 (range 1-9). Of 77 pts evaluable for best response (per protocol set), 11 (14%) had PR, 32 (42%) stable disease (SD), 30 (39%) progressive disease (PD), and 4 (5%) unknown (Table 1).Table 1. Number of pts (%) with best overall responseSagopilone12 mg/m² 3 h16 mg/m² 3 h22 mg/m² 3 h22 mg/m² 0.5 hTotalNo. of pts14 (100.0)26 (100.0)16 (100.0)21 (100.0)77 (100.0)PR0 (0.0)3 (11.5)3 (18.8)5 (23.8)11 (14.3)SD5 (35.7)10 (38.5)8 (50.0)9 (42.9)32 (41.6)PD9 (64.3)11 (42.3)4 (25.0)6 (28.6)30 (39.0)Unknown0 (0.0)2 (7.7)1 (6.3)1 (4.8)4 (5.2) The study outcome was not considered successful for any of the 4 regimens tested. All 82 pts were evaluable for safety. Thirty-six pts discontinued the study prior to cycle 6: 35 due to adverse events (AEs) and 1 due to consent withdrawal. Treatment-related AEs documented in ≥20% pts were: sensory neuropathy 60% (18% grade 3, 1% grade 4); asthenia 26% (6% grade 3); alopecia 23%, myalgia 20% (2% grade 3); fatigue 20%; and nausea 20% (1% grade 3).Conclusions: Sagopilone did not meet the primary endpoint in this pt population with progressive MBC. Treatment-related AEs appeared to be considerable but manageable at all dose levels. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 6107.
Doping Ferroelectric Hafnium Oxide by in-Situ Precursor Mixing (2019)

We employ a modified atomic layer deposition process utilizing in-situ mixing of precursors to obtain doped hafnium oxide thin films with improved ferroelectric properties. The method is demonstrated with aluminum, silicon, and lanthanum doping, where film composition and crystal structure are analyzed. With the modified process, low dopant concentrations are shown to be accessible, and improved wafer-level uniformity of dopant concentration is demonstrated for Si and La doping. Characterization of the ferroelectric hysteresis confirms increased remanent polarization values with the modified process variant for all examined dopants. The switching density of the 10 nm thick films is analyzed by using first-order reversal curve measurements, where confined peaks are observed, which are an indication of low defect density and reduced internal bias fields. Emerging applications of doped hafnium oxide thin films such as nonvolatile memory, infrared sensors, or neuromorphic devices may benefit from the enhanced stoichiometry control and film properties by using the proposed deposition method.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structural Characterization of the First Neutral Homoleptic Lanthanide Metal(III) Alkyls: (LnR3) (Ln = La or Sm, R = CH(SiMe3)2). (1989)

Abstract Alkylation of the phenoxides (I) with the lithium alkyl (II) yields the lanthanide metal(III) alkyls (III).
In vivo electrical stimulation of the optic nerve and hybrid computational model for neuroprosthetic applications (2018)

Blindness affects millions of people worldwide, dramatically decreasing their quality of life. Retinal dystrophies, such as age related macular degeneration and Retinitis Pigmentosa, which are leading causes of blindness in industrialized countries, currently have no cure. However, in both of these diseases, parts of the visual pathway remain intact and functional, and can elicit visual percepts when stimulated. Here, we are performing electrical stimulation of the optic nerve in rabbits that could lead to the development of a new neuroprosthetic device for sight restoration in blind patients. We opted to stimulate the optic nerve with a modified version of the SELINE electrode, a 12-channels flexible implant, shown to be biocompatible and able to selectively recruit different fascicles in the rat sciatic nerve. After optimization of the stimulation parameters, we demonstrated that the amplitude of the stimulating current and the number of stimulating pulses could modulate the intensity of the response in the visual cortex. We are now investigating more complex multi-channel stimulating protocols in order to show the possibility to selectively recruit different portions of the optic nerve. Lastly, we are currently developing a computational model of the optic nerve. It combines a 3D finite element method that allows to determine the voltage distribution generated in the optic nerve and a biophysical model of the optic nerve axons and their ionic channels dynamics that predicts which axonal population is recruited.
Application of Quantitative Structure-Toxicity Relationships for the Comparison of the Cytotoxicity of 14 p-Benzoquinone Congeners in Primary Cultured Rat Hepatocytes Versus PC12 Cells (2004)

Quinones are believed to induce their toxicity by two main mechanisms: oxygen activation by redox cycling and alkylation of essential macromolecules. The physicochemical parameters that underlie this activity have not been elucidated, although redox potential is believed to play a significant role. In this study, we have evaluated the cytotoxicity, formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the glutathione (GSH) depleting ability of 14 p-benzoquinone congeners in primary rat hepatocyte and PC12 cell cultures. All experiments were performed under identical conditions (37 degrees C, 5% CO2/air) in 96-well plates. The most cytotoxic quinone was found to be tetrachloro-p-benzoquinone (chloranil), and the least toxic was duroquinone or 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-benzoquinone. The cytotoxic order varied between the cell types, and in particular, the di-substituted methoxy or methyl p-benzoquinones were particularly more cytotoxic towards PC12 cells. We have derived one- and two-parameter quantitative structure-toxicity relationships (QSTRs) which revealed that the most cytotoxic quinones had the highest electron affinity and the smallest volume. Cytotoxicity did not correlate with the lipophilicity of the quinone. Furthermore, we found that p-benzoquinone cytotoxicity correlated well with hepatocyte ROS formation and GSH depletion, whereas in PC12 cells, cytotoxicity did not correlate with ROS formation and somewhat correlated with GSH depletion. Hepatocytes had far greater hydrogen peroxide detoxifying capacity than PC12 cells, but PC12 cells contained more GSH/mg protein. Thus, p-benzoquinone-induced ROS formation was greater towards PC12 cells than with hepatocytes. To our knowledge, this is the first QSTR derived for p-benzoquinone cytotoxicity in these cell types and could form the basis for distinguishing certain cell-specific cytotoxic mechanisms.
pu tao yu pu tao jiu xing ye san you ping xuan huo dong la kai zuo mu (2006)

记者从中国酿酒工业协会获悉,为表彰先进,激励斗志,进一步调动葡萄种植及葡萄酒酿造行业广大职工为葡萄种植及葡萄酒酿造行业的可持续发展做出的贡献,中固酿酒工业协会葡萄酒分会与中国农学会葡萄分会决定开展葡萄及葡萄酒行业杰出贡献奖、优秀销售总经理和优秀酿酒师(园艺师)的评选活动。并通过大力宣传,号召全固葡萄种植、葡萄酒酿造行业向评选出的葡萄与葡萄酒杰出贡献奖获得者、优秀营销总经理和酿酒师(园艺师)学习,为我国乃至世界葡萄与葡萄酒工业的发展做出应有的贡献。
Investigation of read disturb error in 1Ynm NAND flash memories for system level solution (2017)

Read-disturb characteristics in 1Ynm NAND flash memories have been investigated. The error regularity among word-lines is observed in 1Ynm (2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">nd</sup> generation below 20nm) triple-level cell (TLC) NAND flash. Consequently, unreliable page which exceeds error-correcting code (ECC) capability is occurred. To optimize ECC capability, system level solution with Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH) ECC is introduced. By adding parity bit to the unreliable pages for ECC calculation, a correctable bit-error rate (BER) can be increased by 1.3-times.
MICROPLANE MODEL FOR TRIAXIAL DEFORMATION OF SOILS. NUMERICAL MODELS IN GEOMECHANICS. NUMOG III. PROCEEDINGS OF THE 3RD INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM HELD AT NIAGARA FALLS, CANADA, 8-11 MAY 1989 (1989)

A general microplane model for triaxial behavior of soils is presented. The constitutive properties are characterized in terms of the stress and strain components on planes of various orientations in the material (microplanes), and the macroscopic response is obtained by integration of the contribution of the microplanes over all spatial directions. The microplane strains are assumed to be the resolved components of the macroscopic strain tensor, and the response of the microplane is assumed to depend on the volumetric strain. The predicted results are verified with data from standard and true triaxial drained tests of overconsolidated clay, taken from the literature. The results obtained from the model for the stress strain as well as the volume change response are in good agreement with the experimental data. For the covering abstract of this conference see IRRD 824029.
Germination of Zygospores of Mucor Piriformis (On the Life History of Mucor Piriformis ) (1988)

A technique for germinating zygospores of Mucor piriformis is described. Zygospores were produced by mating compatible strains on acidified potato-dextrose agar. Strips of agar with zygospores facing upward were placed on sterile filter paper in Petri dishes at room temperature (23 ± 1 C). Petri dish lids were left offset 1 cm and the agar allowed to dry slowly for 5 days. Once dried, the agar strips bearing zygospores were washed with sterile water to remove contaminating sporangiospores. Excess water was removed with paper towels and the agar strips were incubated at room temperature in the same closed Petri dishes. Zygospores germinated in 2–3 da at 23 C and germination continued when the spores were transferred to 0 C. The majority (>95%) of germinated zygospores developed one germ-sporangiophore. Of the germ-sporangia tested, 95.6% yielded only + mating-type germ-sporangiospores, 2.2% yielded only –, and 2.2% yielded both + and –. Zygospores formed on artificially inoculated peach and nectarine fruit germinated and produced 95.8% + and 4.2% – germ-sporangia. The results indicated lack of adherence to expected Mendelian ratios. In surveys of orchards in the Hood River Valley, Oregon, zygospores were found on 1.6% of pear fruits infected naturally by M. piriformis. The significance of these findings in the life cycle of M. piriformis is discussed.
Design of Polarization Diversity Patch Antenna Based on a Compact Reconfigurable Feeding Network (2014)

A design of stacked square-ring patch antennas with quadri-polarization diversity is proposed. The polarization switching is realized with a 1-to-4 reconfigurable feeding network composed of a quasi-lumped coupler and PIN diodes. The size of the feeding network is less than 0.01λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , where λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> is the free-space wavelength of the operating frequency. In addition, by controlling dc voltages, the operation of the feeding network can be varied among four different modes. The performances of the stacked patch antenna and the reconfigurable feeding network are respectively exhibited. A prototype that integrates the feeding network into the inner slot of the lower square-ring patch of the stacked patch antenna is designed and constructed. The prototype can provide dual orthogonal linear polarizations and dual orthogonal circular polarizations at 1.98 GHz. Details of the experimental results for the prototype are shown.
The HCV ARFP/F/core+1 protein: Production and functional analysis of an unconventional viral product (2009)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an enveloped positive-strand RNA virus of the Flaviviridae family. It has a genome of about 9,600 nucleotides encoding a large polyprotein (about 3,000 amino acids) that is processed by cellular and viral proteases into at least 10 structural and nonstructural viral proteins. A novel HCV protein has also been identified by our laboratory and others. This protein--known as ARFP (alternative reading frame protein), F (for frameshift) or core+1 (to indicate the position) protein--is synthesized by an open reading frame overlapping the core gene at nucleotide +1 (core+1 ORF). However, almost 10 years after its discovery, we still know little of the biological role of the ARFP/F/core+1 protein. Abolishing core+1 protein production has no affect on HCV replication in cell culture or uPA-SCID mice, suggesting that core+1 protein is probably not important for the HCV reproductive cycle. However, the detection of specific anti-core+1 antibodies and T-cell responses in HCV-infected patients, as reported by many independent laboratories, provides strong evidence that this protein is produced in vivo. Furthermore, analyses of the HCV sequences isolated from patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and in vitro studies have provided strong preliminary evidence to suggest that core+1 protein plays a role in advanced liver disease and liver cancer. The available in vitro data also suggest that certain core function proteins may depend on production of the core+1 protein. We describe here the discovery of the various forms of the core+1 protein and what is currently known about the mechanisms of their production and their biochemical and functional properties. We also provide a detailed summary of the results of patient-based research.