gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of vacuum on the performance of the flame ionization detector used for vacuum-outlet gas chromatography (2000)

Vacuum-outlet operation of short fused-silica open tubular columns for gas chromatography provides benefits to analysis speed by increasing the optimum velocity while minimizing the loss in resolution. Vacuum-outlet operation of a column with a gas chromatographic detector necessitates that the detector also be under vacuum. Simple modifications were made to a gas chromatograph–flame ionization detector (GC–FID) for vacuum-inlet and vacuum-outlet operation. The vacuum-inlet system was operated in the splitless mode to allow for efficient sample loading prior to operation at reduced pressures. The goal of FID operation at 100 torr or less was achieved by using oxygen in place of air and optimizing the gas flows under vacuum to maintain a stable flame at pressures as low as 46 torr. An outlet pressure of 85 torr with optimized gas flows allowed for routine operation of the FID without solvent flame-out. It was discovered that the sensitivity is enhanced compared to atmospheric operation over a range of outlet pressures from approximately 200 to 400 torr; however, operation of the FID at the lowest possible pressures decreases the analytical sensitivity due to both the outlet pressure and the absence of helium makeup gas. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Micro Sep 12: 226–235, 2000
The Inclusion of the Microalga Scenedesmus sp. in Diets for Rainbow Trout, Onchorhynchus mykiss, Juveniles (2020)

A nutritional study was conducted to evaluate the inclusion of the green microalga <i>Scenedesmus</i> sp. at 5% (SCE-5) as an alternative fishmeal ingredient. This microalga was tested with four replicates during 45 days using isolipidic (18%), isoproteic (48%), and isoenergetic (1.9 MJ kg<sup>-1</sup>) diets. Fish fed <i>Scenedesmus</i> sp. showed similar growth and feed efficiency parameters as the control group. Regarding the digestive function, the SCE-5 diet enhanced the activity of alkaline pancreatic proteases, whereas it did not affect that of intestinal enzymes involved in nutrient absorption. No histological alterations were found in fish fed the SCE-5 diet, although a higher density of goblet cells in the anterior intestine and changes in gut microbiome diversity were found in this group, which collectively suggests positive effects of this green microalga on the intestine. Dietary <i>Scenedesmus</i> sp. improved the fillet's nutritional quality in terms of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels, although it also increased its yellowish color. The overall results of this study showed that <i>Scenedesmus</i> sp. is a safe ingredient for compound feeds in rainbow trout when considering fish growth performance, animal condition, and health parameters, although it substantially affected the color of the fillet that may potentially affect consumers' preferences.
Antibody Responses Induced by Experimental West Nile Virus Infection with or without Previous Immunization with Inactivated Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine in Horses (2009)

A group of horses immunized with inactivated Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccine (JE-Immune Group) and a group of non-immunized horses (Non-Immune Group) were infected with West Nile virus (WNV). After WNV infection, neutralizing (Nt) antibody (Ab) titers to WNV were higher than those to JE virus (JEV) in the Non-Immune Group, but the NtAb titers to JEV were higher than those to WNV during most of the post-challenge observation period in the JE-Immune Group. Immunoglobulin M (IgM) Abs to WNV tested positive in the Non-Immune Group but negative in the JE-Immune Group, except for in one horse. These results suggest that diagnosis of WNV infection in JE-immunized horses requires serological tests for NtAb and IgM titers to both WNV and JEV.
Fetal Skin Organ Culture (1990)

The fetal response to cutaneous injury has been investigated in a variety of models; most have studied the differences between fetal and adult healing mechanisms in vivo and in cell culture. Further disclosure of the cellular and biochemical events requires a model that can be manipulated to study single factors influencing fetal tissue repair without the complex interactions that occur in vivo, but in a system that more closely approximates normal skin than cell culture models. This paper presents a method for the organ culture of fetal skin and its advantages as a model to help elucidate fetal healing mechanisms. Skin sections (1 x 1 cm) excised from the backs of fetuses of New Zealand white rabbits on day 27 gestation (term = 31 days) were placed eccentrically in 65-mm culture dishes and fed daily with 2.5 mL of DMEM containing 10% fetal calf serum, antibiotics, and 10 mM ascorbic acid. A separate group, treated similarly, received 4-mm punch wounds to assess the in vitro response to wounding. The specimens were incubated at 37 degrees C in humidified room air on a rocker platform to provide alternate exposure of the skin to air and medium. Gross observation at 3 weeks showed cells extending into the central wound, indicating that viable cells were proliferating and/or migrating from the tissue. Skin was examined histologically and was viable over the 3-week period studied. Organ culture, by maintaining tissue in the natural extracellular matrix, allows cell-to-cell contact and communication to be maintained while allowing controlled environmental manipulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The evaluation of small hydroelectric generation unit price in a mountain stream through the use of runoff analysis (2015)

小水力発電は温室効果ガスを排出しない純国産自然エネルギー発電である一方，我が国には発電に適した地点が多く残されている．その主な理由として観測流量の不備と発電単価評価の困難さが挙げられる．本研究では流出解析モデルにより流況の計算を行い，小水力発電に必要な落差および発電設備等の導入コストの評価から発電単価を計算できる評価システムを構築した．岐阜県の亀尾島川をケーススタディーとして，流出解析モデルの再現性を確認するとともに，発電単価が最安となる取水口・発電所位置の探知ならびに，取水口と発電所の位置を固定した際に取水口として既設砂防堰堤を利用した場合と取水口を新設した場合の発電単価の比較を行った．
In-flight experiments for delaying laminar—turbulent transition on a laminar wing glove (2009)

This article describes in-flight measurements to delay laminar—turbulent transition by means of active Tollmien—Schlichting (TS) wave cancellation. The damping of unstable TS waves in the boundary layer leads to downstream shifting of the laminar—turbulent transition and therefore to the reduction of skin friction. In-flight experiments were carried out using a laminar wing glove for a sailplane. A sensor—actuator system attached to the wing glove consisted of an array of surface hot-wire reference sensors to detect oncoming TS-waves upstream of a membrane actuator and surface hot-wire error sensors downstream of the actuator. The method applied to delay laminar—turbulent transition is based on damping of naturally occurring instabilities through superimposition of the counter wave, which is calculated by a fast digital signal processor using a closed-loop feed-forward control algorithm. The experiments were carried out at flight velocities in the region of 20 m/s, which corresponds to a chord Reynolds number of about 2 million. The results show a damping of ∼ 50 per cent reduction of the local amplitudes of the instabilities. It is anticipated that using an actuator with a high resonance frequency and a minimal reaction time will improve damping significantly in future experiments.
Abstract 213: Rapid Activation of G-Protein Coupled Estrogen Receptor 1 Protects the Heart Against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting the mPTP Opening via PKC/AKT/ERK/GSK-3b Pathways (2012)

Introduction: Estrogen effect can be mediated by three receptors: Classical estrogen receptors: alpha (ERa) and beta (ERb), and recently identified G protein-coupled estrogen receptor1 (GPER1). Hypothesis: We investigated the role of ERa, ERb and GPER1 in mediating rapid estrogen-induced cardioprotection in male mice hearts subjected to ischemia/reperfusion using wild type (WT) and gene specific knockout animals. Methods: Isolated hearts from wild type (WT: C57BL/6NCrL), ERa-/-, ERb-/- and GPER1-/- were perfused using Langendorff apparatus with Krebs Henseleit buffer (control) or with the addition of estrogen (40 nM). Hearts were subjected to 18 min global ischemia followed by 60 min reperfusion. Cardiac function was recorded during the entire experiment and myocardial infarct size measured by TTC staining at the end of the reperfusion. Mitochondria calcium retention capacity (CRC) required to induce the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening was assessed after 10 min reperfusion. Protein levels were measured by Western Blot in whole heart lysates after 5 min treatment just before ischemia, and after 10 min reperfusion. LY294002, U0126 and Chelerythrin-Cl were used as inhibitor of PI-3K/Akt, MAPK/ERK and PKC translocation, respectively. Results: In WT, ERa-/- and ERb-/-, estrogen treatment significantly improved cardiac functional recovery, reduced infarct size and improved mitochondrial CRC. However, estrogen effects were completely absent in GPER1-/-. Estrogen treatment during 5 min before ischemia induced up-regulation of Akt, GSK-3b, and ERK1/2 phosphorylation in WT mouse as compared with control but not in GPER1-/-. However, after 10 min reperfusion estrogen effect was still oserved on GSK-3b, but not on Akt and ERK1/2. Chelerythrin-Cl prevented estrogen-induced cardioprotection effect and U126 abolished estrogen effect on mitochondrial CRC while LY294002 could not prevent estrogen effect on GSK-3b observed in WT. P&lt;0.05 and n=3-6. Conclusion: Rapid activation of GPER1 induces cardioprotection effect against ischemia/reperfusion injury. Estrogen effects through GPER1 are associated with phosphorylation of Akt, GSK-3b and ERK1/2, translocation of PKC, and inhibition of the mPTP opening.
Distributed assignment of encoded MAC addresses in sensor networks (2001)

In wireless sensor networks, the vast majority of wide-scale traffic consists of only a few bytes, including all network and application layer IDs. Therefore, MAC addresses, which are vital in a shared medium, present major overhead, particularly because they are traditionally chosen network-wide unique. To tackle this overhead, we propose a dynamic MAC addressing scheme based on a distributed algorithm. The assigned addresses are reused spatially and represented by variable length codewords. Our scheme scales very well with the network size, rendering it well suited for sensor networks with thousands or millions of nodes
TNF primes endothelial cells for angiogenic sprouting by inducing a tip cell phenotype (2008)

Abstract Pathological angiogenesis associated with wound healing often occurs subsequent to an inflammatory response that includes the secretion of cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Controversy exists on the angiogenic actions of TNF, with it being generally proangiogenic in vivo, but antiangiogenic in vitro. We find that whereas continuous administration of TNF in vitro or in vivo inhibits angiogenic sprouting, a 2- to 3-day pulse stimulates angiogenesis by inducing an endothelial “tip cell” phenotype. TNF induces the known tip cell genes platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGFB) and vascular endothelial cell growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2), while at the same time blocking signaling through VEGFR2, thus delaying the VEGF-driven angiogenic response. Notch signaling regulates tip cell function, and we find that TNF also induces the notch ligand jagged-1, through an NFκB-dependent mechanism. Enrichment of jagged-1 in tip cells was confirmed by immunofluorescent staining as well as by laser capture microdissection/quantitative reverse-transcription–polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) of tip cells sprouting in vitro. Thus, in angiogenesis, the temporal expression of TNF is critical: it delays angiogenesis initially by blocking signaling through VEGFR2, but in addition by inducing a tip cell phenotype through an NFκB-dependent pathway, it concomitantly primes endothelial cells (ECs) for sprouting once the initial inflammatory wave has passed.
FPLC-Western Blot and Mass spectroscopy screening of auto-Ab candidates. (2015)

&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;A&lt;/b&gt;) Control human brain protein content was fractioned by molecular weight using FPLC. Fractions between 170 and 50 kDa are shown on a polyacrilamide gel (15% SDS) to further separate proteins by molecular weight. This two-step technique allows for a comprehensive separation of the total brain protein content. &lt;b&gt;B&lt;/b&gt;) A parallel gel was run and processed for western blot analysis with player's serum (highest measured auto-S100B antibody, # in &lt;a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0056805#pone-0056805-g004" target="_blank"&gt;Figure 4&lt;/a&gt;) used as a “primary” antibody. Bands of interest (&lt;i&gt;double asterisks&lt;/i&gt;) were excised and processed for MS analysis. Results are shown in the Table (&lt;b&gt;C&lt;/b&gt;) and described in the text.&lt;/p&gt;
Serum free prostate specific antigen: Isoenzymes in benign hyperplasia and cancer of the prostate (1995)

Prostate specific antigen (PSA) in serum of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) or prostate cancer (P-CA) not bound to alpha-1-antichymotrypsin (ACT) was analyzed by chromatofocusing. The procedure allowed the simultaneous separation of complexed and free PSA and the fractionation of the free PSA fraction into several isoenzymes. The detection of the isoenzymes was strongly dependent on the combination of antibodies introduced in the applied commercially available immunoassays (Cobas Core, Delfia). Isoenzymes in sera of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia were mainly situated in the pI range of 6.6 to 7.3. Isoenzymes in sera of prostate cancer patients or in PSA from LNCAP cells were mainly situated in the pI range 7.0 to 8.3. Neuraminidase treatment of the sera shifted the isoelectric points of all three sources towards more basic pHs. An irregular glycosylation process in the dysplastic cells of the prostate is suggested to be the cause for the shift of the isoelectric points. The difference of isoenzyme distribution along the pH axis is discussed as a diagnostic tool to differentiate between BPH and P-CA.
Size effects of gold nanaoparticles on plasmon-induced photocurrents of gold–TiO2nanocomposites (2006)

An ITO electrode was coated with a nanoporous TiO2 film, and the film was loaded with Au nanoparticles with different diameters (15, 40 and 100 nm). The electrode exhibited plasmon-induced photocurrents in the presence of Fe(2+/3+) couple under visible light (lambda > 420 nm). The quantum efficiency increased with increasing particle size, whereas the maximum photocurrent density decreased.
Implementation of a two steps commutated matrix converter (2003)

The paper proposes an implementation of a two steps commutated matrix converter. Switching patterns are presented which guarantee safe control of bidirectional switches during a change of the sign of a line to line input voltage. A simple control of the output current is possible without adding any additional snubber circuit.
Chemotherapeutic drugs sensitize human renal cell carcinoma cells to ABT-737 by a mechanism involving the Noxa-dependent inactivation of Mcl-1 or A1 (2010)

Chemotherapeutic drugs can overcome protection afforded by Mcl-1 and A1 through endogenous Noxa protein in RCC cells, and the combination of such drugs with ABT-737 may be a promising strategy in RCC. Strikingly, A1 emerged in RCC cell lines as a protein of similar importance as the well-established Mcl-1 in protection against apoptosis in these cells.
Cascade adaptive predictors with improved sensitivityfor speechdecorrelation through decomposition into exponential signals (1998)

A method for speech decorrelation by decomposition into exponential signals is proposed. The speech wave decomposition is achieved using cascade adaptive predictors with improved sensitivity to allow an efficient adaptation process.
Mitochondrial Biology and Neurological Diseases (2015)

Mitochondria are extremely active organelles that perform a variety of roles in the cell including energy production, regulation of calcium homeostasis, apoptosis, and population maintenance through fission and fusion. Mitochondrial dysfunction in the form of oxidative stress and mutations can contribute to the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's (PD), Alzheimer's (AD), and Huntington's diseases (HD). Abnormalities of Complex I function in the electron transport chain have been implicated in some neurodegenerative diseases, inhibiting ATP production and generating reactive oxygen species that can cause major damage to mitochondria. Mutations in both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA can contribute to neurodegenerative disease, although the pathogenesis of these conditions tends to focus on nuclear mutations. In PD, nuclear genome mutations in the PINK1 and parkin genes have been implicated in neurodegeneration [1], while mutations in APP, PSEN1 and PSEN2 have been implicated in a variety of clinical symptoms of AD [5]. Mutant htt protein is known to cause HD [2]. Much progress has been made to determine some causes of these neurodegenerative diseases, though permanent treatments have yet to be developed. In this review, we discuss the roles of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of these diseases.
Phosphotyrosine (p-Tyr)-Dependent and -Independent Mechanisms of p190 RhoGAP-p120 RasGAP Interaction: Tyr 1105 of p190, a Substrate for c-Src, Is the Sole p-Tyr Mediator of Complex Formation (1998)

p190 RhoGAP is a 190-kDa protein that stably associates with p120 RasGAP and regulates actin dynamics through members of the Rho family of small GTPases. Previous studies have indicated a direct relationship between levels of p190 tyrosine phosphorylation, the extent and kinetics of epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced actin rearrangements, and EGF-induced cell cycle progression, suggesting that p190 links Ras-mediated mitogenic signaling with signaling through the actin cytoskeleton. Determining which tyrosine residues in p190 are phosphorylated, what factors regulate phosphorylation of these sites, and what effect tyrosine phosphorylation has on p190 function is key to understanding the role(s) that p190 may play in these processes. To begin investigating these questions, we used biochemical approaches to characterize the number and relative levels of in vivo-phosphorylated tyrosine residues on endogenous p190 from C3H10T1/2 murine fibroblasts. Only two tryptic phosphopeptides containing phosphotyrosine (p-Tyr), a major site, identified as Y1105, and a minor, unidentified site, were detected. Phosphorylation of Y1105, but not the minor site, was modulated in vivo to a greater extent by overexpression of c-Src than by the EGF receptor and was efficiently catalyzed by c-Src in vitro, indicating that Y1105 is a selective and preferential target of c-Src both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro and in vivo coprecipitation analysis using glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion proteins containing wild-type and Y1105F variants of the p190 middle domain, variants of full-length p190 ectopically expressed in COS-7 cells, and endogenous p190 and p120 in C3H10T1/2 cells revealed that p190 could bind to p120 in the presence and absence of p190 tyrosine phosphorylation. p-Tyr-independent complexes comprised 10 to 20% of the complexes formed in the presence of p-Tyr. Mutation of Y1105 from Tyr to Phe resulted in complete loss of p-Tyr-dependent complex formation, indicating that p-Y1105 was the sole p-Tyr residue mediating binding to p120. These studies describe a specific mechanism by which c-Src can regulate p190-p120 association and also document a significant role for p-Tyr-independent means of p190-p120 binding.
A Three-Dimensional Micro–Computed Tomographic Study of the Intraosseous Lunate Vasculature: Implications for Surgical Intervention and the Development of Avascular Necrosis (2016)

Vascular safe zones were identified, allowing for potentially safer surgical interventions to the lunate. Volar approaches to the lunate may result in localized ischemia in a subset of patients with absent dorsal nutrient vessels. This study may help to better define patients at risk for Kienböck disease.
Deep-Sea DuraFET: A Pressure Tolerant pH Sensor Designed for Global Sensor Networks (2016)

Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide is driving a long-term decrease in ocean pH which is superimposed on daily to seasonal variability. These changes impact ecosystem processes, and they serve as a record of ecosystem metabolism. However, the temporal variability in pH is observed at only a few locations in the ocean because a ship is required to support pH observations of sufficient precision and accuracy. This paper describes a pressure tolerant Ion Sensitive Field Effect Transistor pH sensor that is based on the Honeywell Durafet ISFET die. When combined with a AgCl pseudoreference sensor that is immersed directly in seawater, the system is capable of operating for years at a time on platforms that cycle from depths of several km to the surface. The paper also describes the calibration scheme developed to allow calibrated pH measurements to be derived from the activity of HCl reported by the sensor system over the range of ocean pressure and temperature. Deployments on vertical profiling platforms enable self-calibration in deep waters where pH values are stable. Measurements with the sensor indicate that it is capable of reporting pH with an accuracy of 0.01 or better on the total proton scale and a precision over multiyear periods of 0.005. This system enables a global ocean observing system for ocean pH.
Fixed oils of Mexico. V. Mamey (Calocarpum mammamosum L.) (1949)

Summary The physical and chemical characteristics of the oil of the fruit of the mamey [ Calocarpum mammosum (L.) Pierre] have been reported. The composition of the oil has been calculated.
Novel Application of Electrostatic Repulsion-Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography (ERLIC) in Shotgun Proteomics: Comprehensive Profiling of Rat Kidney Proteome (2010)

In shotgun proteomics, multidimensional liquid chromatography (MDLC) is commonly used to reduce sample complexity and increase dynamic range of protein identification. Since reversed-phase chromatography is mostly used as the second-dimensional separation before mass spectrometric analysis, the improvement of MDLC primarily depends on the first dimension of separation. Here, we present a novel whole proteome analysis method that separates peptides based on ERLIC. Tryptic peptides were retained on a weak anion exchange column through ERLIC with a high organic mobile phase. They were then distributed into multiple fractions based on both pI and polarity through the simultaneous effect of electrostatic repulsion and hydrophilic interaction when eluted using a salt-free pH gradient of increasing water content. Applying this to rat kidney tissue, we identified 4821 proteins and 30 659 unique peptides with high confidence from two replicates using LTQ-FT. This was 36.2% and 64.3% higher, respectively, than was obtained with the widely used SCX separation mode. Notably, the identification of both highly hydrophobic and basic peptides increased over 120% using the ERLIC method. The results indicate that ERLIC is a promising alternative to SCX as the first dimension of MDLC. In total, 5499 proteins and 35 847 unique peptides of rat kidney tissue are characterized.
Addressing the Socio-Technical Challenges of Health Information Exchange Adoption: DataWell in Greater Manchester (2018)

Several high profile, problematic UK health data-sharing projects have shaped NHS professionals' and the public's opinion about NHS data-sharing projects, and there is a substantial body of evidence identifying barriers to Health Information Exchange (HIE) adoption. Socio-technical factors are a significant consideration and this paper describes the approach taken to address these concerns in the design and implementation of a HIE for Greater Manchester.