gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reactivity of Silanes with (tBuPONOP)Ruthenium Dichloride: Facile Synthesis of Chloro‐Silyl Ruthenium Compounds and Formic Acid Decomposition (2017)

The coordination of <sup>tBu</sup> PONOP (<sup>tBu</sup> PONOP=2,6-bis(ditert-butylphosphinito)pyridine) to different ruthenium starting materials, to generate (<sup>tBu</sup> PONOP)RuCl<sub>2</sub> , was investigated. The resultant (<sup>tBu</sup> PONOP)RuCl<sub>2</sub> reactivity with three different silanes was then investigated and contrasted dramatically with the reactivity of (<sup>iPr</sup> PONOP)RuCl<sub>2</sub> (DMSO) (<sup>iPr</sup> PONOP=2,6-bis(diisopropylphosphinito)pyridine) with the same silanes. The 16-electron species (<sup>tBu</sup> PONOP)Ru(H)Cl was produced from the reaction of triethylsilane with (<sup>tBu</sup> PONOP)RuCl<sub>2</sub> . Reactions of (<sup>tBu</sup> PONOP)RuCl<sub>2</sub> with both phenylsilane or diphenylsilane afforded the 16-electron hydrido-silyl species (<sup>tBu</sup> PONOP)Ru(H)(PhSiCl<sub>2</sub> ) and (<sup>tBu</sup> PONOP)Ru(H)(Ph<sub>2</sub> SiCl), respectively. Reactions of all three of these complexes with silver triflate afforded the simple salt metathesis products of (<sup>tBu</sup> PONOP)Ru(H)(OTf), (<sup>tBu</sup> PONOP)Ru(H)(PhSiCl(OTf)), and (<sup>tBu</sup> PONOP)Ru(H)(Ph<sub>2</sub> Si(OTf)). Formic acid dehydrogenation was performed in the presence of triethylamine (TEA), and each species proved competent for gas-pressure generation of CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub> . The hydride species (<sup>tBu</sup> PONOP)Ru(H)Cl, (<sup>tBu</sup> PONOP)Ru(H)(OTf), and (<sup>tBu</sup> PONOP)Ru(H)(PhSiCl<sub>2</sub> ) exhibited faster catalytic activity than the other compounds tested.
Use ofBordetella bronchisepticaandBordetella pertussisas live vaccines and vectors for heterologous antigens (2003)

Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella bronchiseptica are respiratory pathogens of humans and animals respectively. Unlike many bacteria, they are able to efficiently colonise healthy ciliated respiratory mucosa. This characteristic of Bordetella spp. can potentially be exploited to develop efficient live vaccines and vectors for delivery of heterologous antigens to the respiratory tract. Here we review the progress in this area.
Homogeneous Growth of Zinc Oxide Whiskers (1999)

Several common modes of crystal growth provide particularly simple and elegant examples of spontaneous pattern formation not only in nature but also under artificial circumstances. We have already reported that well-organized ZnO whiskers are epitaxially grown using a chemical vapor deposition technique [Satoh et al. .: Jpn. J. of Appl. Phys. 38 (1999) L586]. One aim of this study is to determine the optimum growth conditions for obtaining the structure containing homogeneous whiskers grown with a relatively high growth rate. A substrate temperature of 550°C and a vaporizing temperature of 125°C are the most appropriate for obtaining homogeneous whiskers. Whiskers are highly oriented in the a -and c -axes directions of the hexagonal structure. The growth rate reached a maximum value as high as 7.5 nm/s.
Method of Moments Applied to Antennas (2018)

The art of the electrical engineering design partly relies on the ability to properly model the physical structure under consideration. Good models enable an efficient and accurate analysis, so that designers can reach their goals with a few iterations on the models and, usually, a few steps of experimental verification. Most electrical and electronic engineers use circuit-theory models to analyze various passive and active circuits. Such models are simple and straightforward to implement, they do not require bulky theoretical background, and they are easy to visualize. In principle, the field vectors can be arbitrary functions of time. For engineering applications, it is often sufficient to assume a steady-state regime. Numerical solutions of electromagnetic field problems are usually classified into two groups. The first one attacks directly electromagnetic fields, and the second one attacks the field sources. The piecewise-constant approximation is discontinuous.
Immunomodulation by DNA vaccination against white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) (2011)

Vaccines (subunit and DNA) targeting major envelope proteins VP19 and/or VP28 of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in penaeid shrimp were developed and elicited good protection against white spot disease (WSD). However, the immune responses in shrimp after administration of these vaccines are not well understood. In this study, we developed a DNA vaccine encoding the VP28 envelope protein in kuruma shrimp (Marsupenaeus japonicus) and confirmed the potentiality of protection against WSSV infection. The efficacy of the DNA vaccine against WSSV infection was confirmed by WSSV artificial challenge at 7 days post vaccination in kuruma shrimp. However, the efficacy of the vaccine did not last 30 days post vaccination. The transcript of VP28 gene derived from expression vector in tissues of vaccinated shrimp was analyzed by RT-PCR. The transcript of VP28 gene was detected in various tissues including muscle, hemolymph, gill, intestine, stomach, heart, hepatopancreas and lymphoid organ tested at 1, 3 and 7 days post vaccination. Subsequently, the expression of innate immunerelated genes in intestine and lymphoid organ was analyzed at 1, 3 and 7 days post vaccination. The expression of innate immune-related genes such as Rab7, penaeidin, lysozyme, and crustin was up-regulated upon DNA vaccination. These results suggest that DNA vaccination induces significant protection against WSSV by stimulating innate immune responses in kuruma shrimp.
Precipitation boundaries in calcium-pyrophosphate and calcium-ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate systems (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPrecipitation boundaries in calcium-pyrophosphate and calcium-ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate systemsBrandon H. WiersCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1971, 10, 11, 2581–2584Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50105a041https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50105a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views63Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Low-frequency band gap of locally resonant phononic crystals with a dual-base plate (2018)

To achieve a wider band gap and a lower cut-on frequency, a locally resonant phononic crystal (LRPC) with a dual-base plate is investigated in this paper. Compared with the LRPC with a single plate, the band structure of the LRPC with a dual-base plate is calculated using the method of plane wave expansion and verified by the finite element method. According to the analysis of the band curves of the LRPC with a dual-base plate, the mechanisms are explained. Next, the influences of the thickness of the plates, the stiffness of the springs, the mass of resonators, and the lattice constant are also investigated. The results show that the structural asymmetry between the upper and the lower plate is conducive to reducing the cut-on frequency and broadening the band gap effectively. The results indicate a different approach for the application of LRPC in vibration and noise control.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma at the Site of a Prince Albert’s Piercing (2010)

The present study is the first to suggest a possible association between squamous cell carcinoma of the penis/urethra and genital piercing. Patients with genital piercings, especially those with concurrent risk factors such as HIV and HCV, should be counselled about this rare complication.
Simultaneous generation and deposition of cobalt nanoparticles by flow-limited field-injection electrostatic spraying for catalytic growth of single- walled carbon nanotubes (2006)

Laterally oriented single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) from cobalt nanoparticles that were produced by flow-limited field-injection electrostatic spray (FFESS). The FFESS system allowed simultaneous generation and deposition of cobalt nanoparticles uniformly over a large area. The population and diameter of the nanoparticles could be controlled by the FFESS system, which in turn allowed for the control of the diameter and length of the SWCNTs. Chiral angle, and consequently chiral vector and diameter, were determined using nanoarea electron diffraction.
Robust road marking detection using convex grouping method in around-view monitoring system (2016)

As the around-view monitoring (AVM) system becomes one of the essential components for advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS), many applications using AVM such as parking guidance system are actively being developed. As a key step for such applications, detecting road markings robustly is a very important issue to be solved. However, compared to the lane marking detection methods, detection of non-lane markings, such as text marks painted on the road, has been less studied so far. While some of methods for detecting non-lane markings exist, many of them are restricted to roadways only, or work poorly on AVM images. In this paper, we propose an algorithm which can robustly detect non-lane road markings on AVM images. We first propose a difference-of-Gaussian based method for extracting a connected component set, followed by a novel grouping method for grouping connected components based on convexity condition. For a classification task, we exploit the Random Forest classifier. We demonstrate the robustness and detection accuracy of our methods through various experiments by using the dataset collected from various environments.
Computing at the speed of light (1987)

New production techniques may soon provide us with optical integrated circuits with computing speeds that make light work of applications like signal processing
Cone-beam CT data-driven pose correction for analytic reconstruction methods (2011)

A precise knowledge of the geometry information of a cone-beam CT is required for high quality image reconstruction. In some applications, however, the acquisition geometry is either not well characterized or not repeatable, for example, in the case of gantry vibration and patient motion. An offline correction using a calibration pattern and an online calibration using an external tracking system may be used to measure and correct CT geometry parameters during reconstruction. Both approaches have limitations though. A new method is proposed in this paper to estimate pose parameters using the acquired cone-beam projection data only. During the pose estimation process each 2D projection data is registered to the 3D volume reconstructed from the current, inaccurate pose estimate. Pose parameters are then corrected incrementally using the registration results. Applying this 2D-3D registration method to the FDK reconstruction method, we are able to estimate rotational parameters to within an average total angular deviation of 0.5 degrees, and center-of-rotation to an average of 0.02% of the source-to-detector distance (SID) in the detector plane. The image quality of CT reconstructions is comparable to those using exact geometry.
The role of the epidermal growth factor-1 and hydrophobic stack domains of human factor IX in binding to endothelial cells (1991)

To determine the function and specificity in factor IX of the first epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domain and the eight-amino acid hydrophobic stack encoded by exon C (residues 39-46), these domains were replaced by the corresponding polypeptide regions of factor X and chimeric proteins were produced in human embryo kidney cells. Both chimeras were activated by factor XIa at a rate similar to plasma factor IX and exhibited calcium-dependent fluorescence quenching similar to plasma factor IX. Both chimeras competed equally for binding to the endothelial cell receptor. Our findings make it unlikely that the first EGF-like domain or the hydrophobic stack of factor IX are responsible for the specific binding of factor IX to its endothelial cell receptor.
Organization and Expression of tRNA Genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1982)

INTRODUCTION Transfer RNAs have traditionally been among the favorite tools of molecular biologists. By virtue of their small size and relative abundance, tRNAs have long been the RNA molecules of choice for determination of primary, secondary, and tertiary structure. Their pivotal and multifaceted roles in cellular metabolism have made them the focus of biochemists’ attention for more than three decades; as a result, probably as much is known about their functional interactions as about any other class of macromolecules. The piece-de-resistance of their appeal stems from their amenability to genetic analysis. Once converted to a suppressor, a tRNA gene is no longer anonymous; its distinctive phenotype is readily identified and easily tracked. Given the appropriate genetic background, phenotypic loss of suppression can be used to identify each of the elements essential for transcription, maturation, and activity of the tRNA gene product. The power of these complementary approaches has already been amply demonstrated in both phage and bacterial systems. The ultimate goal of knowing not only the physical relationships among each of the nucleotides in the three-dimensional structure, but also of understanding how each of these structural features relates to the synthesis and function of the mature tRNA, is now conceivably within reach. As the details of this picture have become more refined, the need for comparable information in eukaryotes has become more apparent. Although contemporary methodology has now made it possible to rapidly accumulate primary sequence data from a variety of higher organisms, results of this kind are of only...
Smart grid communications (2011)

The world has become heavily dependent on oil through the widespread use of combustion engines in gasoline cars, resulting in climate change, massive transfers of wealth to oil-producing countries, and heightened geopolitical tensions. The advent of commercially available electric vehicles (EVs) by the end of 2010 is expected to be a game changer that will shake things up in a fundamental manner. Not only can electricity be produced in a number of environmentally friendly ways, e.g., hydroelectric generators, wind farms, or solar arrays, but also the electric engine is significantly more efficient than the combustion engine of traditional gasoline cars or today's gasoline–electric hybrids (Davis [2010]). A promising example of using EVs for a sustainable electric mobility (e-mobility) in urban areas is the “e-mobility Berlin” project, which deploys only green electricity from renewable sources to realize a user-friendly public charging infrastructure for plug-in EVs (PEVs). The emission-free PEVs may be shared following DAIMLER's “car-to-go” idea and allow environmental zones to be set up in cities, from which environmentally friendly PEVs with no emissions are exempt (DAIMLER [2009]). Replacing gasoline vehicles with PEVs could reduce the importation of oil by up to 52% in the United States. Despite their huge potential to create new markets, revenues, and jobs, PEVs pose severe challenges to electric utility companies. A PEV being charged at home in the evening may more than double the average household electricity load and thereby dramatically exacerbates the load profile imbalance of power grids between off- and on-peak hours (Ipakchi and Albuyeh [2009]).
Almost-linear inclusion for XML regular expression types (2013)

Type inclusion is a fundamental operation in every type-checking compiler, but it is quite expensive for XML manipulation languages. A polynomial inclusion checking algorithm for an expressive family of XML type languages is known, but it runs in quadratic time both in the best and in the worst cases. We present here an algorithm that has a linear-time backbone, and resorts to the quadratic approach for some specific parts of the compared types. Our experiments show that the new algorithm is much faster than the quadratic one, and that it typically runs in linear time, hence it can be used as a building block for a practical type-checking compiler.
Non Kolmogorov Probability Models Outside Quantum Mechanics (2009)

This paper is devoted to analysis of main conceptual problems in the interpretation of QM: reality, locality, determinism, physical state, Heisenberg principle, “deterministic” and “exact” theories, laws of chance, notion of event, statistical invariants, adaptive realism, EPR correlations and, finally, the EPR‐chameleon experiment.
The Ku80 Carboxy Terminus Stimulates Joining and Artemis-Mediated Processing of DNA Ends (2008)

Repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) is predominantly mediated by nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) in mammalian cells. NHEJ requires binding of the Ku70-Ku80 heterodimer (Ku70/80) to the DNA ends and subsequent recruitment of the DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PK(CS)) and the XRCC4/ligase IV complex. Activation of the DNA-PK(CS) serine/threonine kinase requires an interaction with Ku70/80 and is essential for NHEJ-mediated DSB repair. In contrast to previous models, we found that the carboxy terminus of Ku80 is not absolutely required for the recruitment and activation of DNA-PK(CS) at DSBs, although cells that harbored a carboxy-terminal deletion in the Ku80 gene were sensitive to ionizing radiation and showed reduced end-joining capacity. More detailed analysis of this repair defect showed that DNA-PK(CS) autophosphorylation at Thr2647 was diminished, while Ser2056 was phosphorylated to normal levels. This resulted in severely reduced levels of Artemis nuclease activity in vivo and in vitro. We therefore conclude that the Ku80 carboxy terminus is important to support DNA-PK(CS) autophosphorylation at specific sites, which facilitates DNA end processing by the Artemis endonuclease and the subsequent joining reaction.
O2 Insertion into Group 9 Metal–Hydride Bonds: Evidence for Oxygen Activation through the Hydrogen-Atom-Abstraction Mechanism (2012)

A detailed density functional study was performed to examine the reaction of mixed-valence dirhodium and diiridium species [M(2)(0,II)(tfepma)(2)(CN(t)Bu)(2)(Cl)(2) (1, tfepma = MeN[P(OCH(2)CF(3))(2)](2), CN(t)Bu = tert-butyl isocyaninde)] with HCl and oxygen with an interest in examining the pathways for oxygen insertion into the intermediate metal hydride to form hydroperoxo species. The O(2) hydrogen atom abstraction mechanism for both the Rh and Ir was found to be feasible. This is the first time this mechanism has been applied to a Rh system and only the second time it has been examined for a system other than Pd. The competing trans HCl reductive elimination pathway was also examined and found to be greatly dependent on the stereochemistry of the starting hydride primarily due to the intermediate formed upon the loss of Cl(-). As a result, the reductive elimination pathway was more favorable by 11.5 kcal/mol for the experimentally observed Ir stereoisomer, while the two pathways were isoenergetic for the other stereoisomer of the Rh complex. All findings are consistent with the kinetics study previously performed.
Genetic Variation in Folic Acid Content of Red Beet Genotypes (Beta vulgaris L.) (1995)

Governmental recommended allowances for folic acid have increased dramatically in recent years, especially for pregnant women. Red beet is an important vegetable source of folic acid; however, little is known about the extent of variation for native folic acid content in red beet genotypes. The objective of this investigation was to evaluate variation in folic acid content (FAC) among red beet hybrids (F 1 ), inbred lines (IL), plant introductions (PI), and open-pollinated cultivars (OP). Eighteen genotypes, including 12 F 1 and six OP, were evaluated in field experiments during both years. Averaged over years, highly significant differences among genotypes and between F 1 and OP were detected. FAC ranged from 3.7 mg to 15.2 mg per gram dry weight. The FAC in OP was 13% higher than in F 1 . Thirty genotypes, including 13 IL and 17 PI, were evaluated in greenhouse experiments during 1993 and 1994. Highly significant differences among genotypes and between IL and PI were detected. FAC varied from 1.54 mg to 11.13 mg per gram dry weight. The FAC in IL was 43% higher than in PI. These results demonstrate an approximate 10-fold variation among red beet genotypes for FAC.
Distributed Sensing inside Long-length FBG at Region beyond Laser Coherence Length based on Synthesis of Optical Coherence Function (2011)

Measurement of Bragg-wavelength distribution inside a long-length FBG at region beyond laser coherence length is demonstrated based on synthesis of optical coherence function for a multi-point distributed sensor system with wide measurement range.
Molecular Mechanisms of Pulmonary Peptidomimetic Drug and Peptide Transport (2004)

The aerosolic administration of peptidomimetic drugs could play a major role in the future treatment of various pulmonary and systemic diseases, because rational drug design offers the potential to specifically generate compounds that are transported efficiently into the epithelium by distinct carrier proteins such as the peptide transporters. From the two presently known peptide transporters, PEPT1 and PEPT2, which have been cloned from human tissues, the high-affinity transporter PEPT2 is expressed in the respiratory tract epithelium. The transporter is an integral membrane protein with 12 membrane-spanning domains and mediates electrogenic uphill peptide and peptidomimetic drug transport by coupling of substrate translocation to a transmembrane electrochemical proton gradient serving as driving force. In human airways, PEPT2 is localized to bronchial epithelium and alveolar type II pneumocytes, and transport studies revealed that both peptides and peptidomimetic drugs such as antibiotic, antiviral, and antineoplastic drugs are carried by the system. PEPT2 is also responsible for the transport of delta-aminolevulinic acid, which is used for photodynamic therapy and the diagnostics of pulmonary neoplasms. Based on the recent progress in understanding the structural requirements for substrate binding and transport, PEPT2 becomes a target for a rational drug design that may lead to a new generation of respiratory drugs and prodrugs that can be delivered to the airways via the peptide transporter.
Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography (2001)

It is generally recognized by economist and policy makers that new technology will be the driving force in our economy. With the greatest need for high-speed computing, better memory storage application and the development of micro-electrical-mechanical structures, a lithography technology is needed to realize such objectives. It is the main reason why a consortium composed of big names in the semiconductor industry was established in order to transform the benefits of Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography technology into a commercial application.
Supplementary Data from p53-Suppressed Oncogene TET1 Prevents Cellular Aging in Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Fig. S5. Effect of TET1 depletion in H1299 cells on histone methyltransferases and lysine methylation.&lt;/p&gt;