gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transcription of hupSL in Anabaena variabilis ATCC 29413 Is Regulated by NtcA and Not by Hydrogen (2008)

Nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria such as Anabaena variabilis ATCC 29413 use an uptake hydrogenase, encoded by hupSL, to recycle hydrogen gas that is produced as an obligate by-product of nitrogen fixation. The regulation of hupSL in A. variabilis is likely to differ from that of the closely related Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 because A. variabilis lacks the excision element-mediated regulation that characterizes hupSL regulation in strain PCC 7120. An analysis of the hupSL transcript in a nitrogenase mutant of A. variabilis that does not produce any detectable hydrogen indicated that neither nitrogen fixation nor hydrogen gas was required for the induction of hupSL. Furthermore, exogenous addition of hydrogen gas did not stimulate hupSL transcription. Transcriptional reporter constructs indicated that the accumulation of hupSL transcript after nitrogen step-down was restricted primarily to the microaerobic heterocysts. Anoxic conditions were not sufficient to induce hupSL transcription. The induction of hupSL after nitrogen step-down was reduced in a mutant in the global nitrogen regulator NtcA, but was not reduced in a mutant unable to form heterocysts. A consensus NtcA-binding site was identified upstream of hupSL, and NtcA was found to bind to this region. Thus, while neither hydrogen gas nor anoxia controlled the expression of hupSL, its expression was controlled by NtcA. Heterocyst differentiation was not required for hupSL induction in response to nitrogen step-down, but heterocyst-localized cues may add an additional level of regulation to hupSL.
Dimension-Reduced Rx Beamforming Optimized for Simultaneous Detection and Estimation (2021)

Phased array radar systems are indispensable in many applications requiring robust sensing of the environment. To achieve sensitive target detection and accurate direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation, a large number of receiving antenna elements are needed. The high dimension of the element-level data inevitably leads to a large computational burden for digital signal processing. This problem can be overcome by transforming the element-level data into a lower dimensional beamspace. In this article, we present a novel parameter-controlled design method to construct this transformation. If the dimension reduction is not too drastic, it jointly achieves optimal detection and DOA estimation performance. Otherwise, it meets predefined performance criteria by exploiting an acceptable tradeoff between detection and DOA estimation performance. We propose a general design tool, which is not limited to a specific array configuration. It comprises a precalculated set of plots, providing the radar designer an overview of possible performance for a given scenario. We describe a straightforward method to construct the corresponding transformation. Numerical studies highlight the superiority of the proposed design method.
Intraarticular corticosteroid for treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee (2006)

The short-term benefit of IA corticosteroids in treatment of knee OA is well established, and few side effects have been reported. Longer term benefits have not been confirmed based on the RevMan analysis. The response to HA products appears more durable. In this review, some discrepancies were observed between the RevMan 4.2 analysis and the original publication. These are likely the result of using secondary rather than primary data and the statistical methods available in RevMan 4.2. Future trials should have standardised outcome measures and assessment times, run longer, investigate different patient subgroups, and clinical predictors of response (those associated with inflammation and structural damage).
Space-time representation of a delayed dynamical system (1992)

In nonlinear optics the transition to high dimensional chaos is realized either by letting many modes to compete in an optical resonator [1] or by introducing a delayed feedback [2], Whenever data can be organized on a two dimensional domain, some hidden features of the complex dynamics appear explicitely as suitable patterns.
Survival of Campylobacter jejuni inoculated into ground beef (1982)

Ground beef was inoculated with mixed cultures of Campylobacter jejuni, and the samples were subjected to various cooking and cold-storage temperatures. When samples were heated in an oven at either 190 or 218 degrees C, approximately 10(7) cells of C. jejuni per g were inactivated (less than 30 cells per g) in less than 10 min after the ground beef reached an internal temperature of 70 degrees C. When the samples were held at -15 degrees C over 14 days of storage, the numbers of C. jejuni declined by 3 log10. When inoculated samples were stored with an equal amount of Cary-Blair diluent at 4 degrees C, no changes in viability were observed over 14 days of storage. Twenty-five times as much C. jejuni was recovered from inoculated ground beef when either 10% glycerol or 10% dimethyl sulfoxide was added to an equal amount of ground beef before freezing as was recovered from peptone-diluted ground beef. Twice as much inoculated C. jejuni was recovered from ground beef plus Cary-Blair diluent as was recovered from ground beef plus peptone diluent.
Synthesis of Pyranonucleoside‐6′‐triphosphates through the cycloSal‐Method (2014)

Abstract The high yielding synthesis of pyranonucleoside‐6′‐triphosphates by using the cyclo Sal‐method is described. Synthesis of the activated cyclo Sal‐pyranonucleoside‐6′‐phosphate triesters was achieved by applying a synthetic route that had been developed for the synthesis of cyclo Sal‐(glycopyranosyl‐6)‐phosphates by us. The route involved regioselective 6′‐ tert ‐butyldimethylsilyl protection and exchange of the silyl protecting group by the fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc) group. The 6′‐Fmoc‐protected derivatives were selectively converted into the cyclo Sal‐triester. These were then very efficiently converted into triphosphates by a “titration‐like” reaction with pyrophosphate. Simple purification by first ion exchange followed by reversed phase (RP) column chromatography afforded the triphosphates in very good yields.
Current signatures for production testing [CMOS ICs] (2002)

The concept of the current signature has been proposed as a means for improving testing resolution over single-threshold Iddq testing. This paper postulates a practical methodology for applying the current signature concept for die selection in a production environment.
Development of the Mars microbeam Raman spectrometer (MMRS) (2003)

Raman spectroscopy is a powerful tool for mineral characterization and for detection of water and organic and inorganic forms of carbon. The Mars microbeam Raman spectrometer (MMRS) is designed for close‐up analysis of rocks and soils in planetary surface exploration. The MMRS consists of a probe (in a flight unit to be deployed by a robotic arm) and a spectrograph, laser source, and electronics (in a flight unit to reside on a rover or lander). The Raman probe has a scanning optical bench that enables a 1‐cm linear traverse across a target rock or soil, both on target materials as encountered and on fresh surfaces of rocks exposed by abrasion or coring. From these spectra, one can identify major, minor, and trace minerals, obtain their approximate relative proportions, and determine chemical features (e.g., Mg/Fe ratio) and rock textural features (e.g., mineral clusters, amygdular fill, and veins). One can also detect and identify organic species, graphitic carbon, and water‐bearing phases. Extensive performance tests have been done on a brassboard model of the MMRS using a variety of geological materials (minerals, rocks, Martian meteorites, etc.). These tests show that a Raman spectrometer can be built that is suitably miniaturized, sufficiently robust, and low enough in power usage to serve as an on‐surface planetary instrument, yet the spectrometer can retain high detection sensitivity and yield near laboratory quality spectra over a broad wavelength range. These features are essential to provide definitive mineralogy in a planetary exploration.
Evaluation of image comparison methods for complex textures (2019)

In the O&G industry, interpreters may be assisted by image retrieval techniques when searching for relevant geological features in a seismic dataset, such as image patterns and structures. This can greatly accelerate the interpretation process by enabling the interpreter to relate the observed features with potential analogs from other interpretation projects. In this paper we evaluate the performance of different image comparison methods for seismic image retrieval. Most methodologies proposed in the literature assume that query and database images have comparable sizes. Our analysis includes methods that are able to compare images with arbitrarily different sizes which not only makes the retrieval application more general but also allows to answer queries not addressed by usual methods such as within, contains and resembles. The results in a public seismic dataset show a gain of up to 180% for P@1 in comparison to traditional methods. Presentation Date: Wednesday, September 18, 2019 Session Start Time: 1:50 PM Presentation Time: 3:55 PM Location: Poster Station 3 Presentation Type: Poster
Terahertz detection in Si MOSFET based on thermionic emission (2015)

In this work, a new detection method for Terahertz (THz) radiation in a MOSFET transistor based on Thermionic Emission (TE) has been demonstrated. Theoretical analysis and experimental data have shown that under sub-threshold biasing conditions, the detection of THz signals from thermionic emission through a potential barrier between the highly doped source region and depleted channel region is far greater than the plasmonic detection in strongly inverted channel region of the MOSFET. TE detection using conventional CMOS processes offers a better cost and performance alternative to microbolometers and pyroelectric detectors. A photo-voltaic readout mode for THz detectors is described along with a methodology for measuring responsivity.
Comparative interactions of factor IX and factor IXa with human platelets (1989)

Both factor IX and factor IXa were bound to gel filtered platelets in the presence of CaCl2 (2-20 mM) and human alpha-thrombin (0.06-0.2 units/ml) with maximal binding occurring in 10-20 min at 37 degrees C, and rapid reversibility was observed when unlabeled ligands were added in 100-fold molar excess. Competition studies with various coagulation proteins revealed that neither factor XI nor high molecular weight kininogen, at 300-fold molar excess, could compete with 125I-labeled factor IXa for binding sites on thrombin-activated platelets, whereas prothrombin and factor X, in 450-fold molar excess, could displace approximately 15 and 35%, respectively, of bound factor IXa in the absence of added factor VIII. Analysis of saturation binding data in the presence of CaCl2 and thrombin without factors VIII and X indicated the presence of 306 (+/- 57) binding sites per platelet for factor IX (Kd(app) = 2.68 +/- 0.25 nM) and 515 (+/- 39) sites per platelet for factor IXa (Kd = 2.57 +/- 0.14 nM). In the presence of thrombin-activated factor VIII (1-5 units/ml) and factor X (0.15-1.5 microM), the number of sites for factor IX was 316 (+/- 50) with Kd = 2.44 (+/- 0.30) nM and for factor IXa 551 (+/- 48) sites per platelet (Kd = 0.56 +/- 0.05 nM). Studies of competition for bound factor IXa by excess unlabeled factor IX or factor IXa, and direct 125I-labeled factor IXa binding studies in the presence of large molar excesses of factor IX, confirmed the conclusion from these studies that factor IX and factor IXa share approximately 300 low-affinity binding sites per thrombin-activated platelet in the presence of Ca2+ and in the absence of factor VIII and factor X, with an additional 200-250 sites for factor IXa with Kd(app) similar to that for factor IX. The presence of factor VIII and factor X increases by 5-fold the affinity of receptors on thrombin-activated platelets for factor IXa that participate in factor X activation.
Energieprognose mittels Methods-Energy Measurement (2015)

Kurzfassung Eine frühzeitige Berücksichtigung des Energieverbrauchs im Planungsprozess ist sowohl ökologisch als auch ökonomisch sinnvoll. Dazu sind allerdings aussagekräftige Daten nötig, welche zu diesem Zeitpunkt oftmals noch nicht bereit stehen. Aus diesem Grund wurde der Methods-Energy Measurement-Ansatz konzipiert, damit eine ganzheitliche energetische Betrachtung der Fertigungsanlage über ihren Lebenszyklus im Planungsprozess erfolgen kann.
Density of states for double-barrier quantum-well structures under the influence of external fields and phase-breaking scattering (1994)

The one-dimensional (1D) density of states (DOS) is calculated self-consistently for double-barrier quantum-well structures in the presence of a perpendicular magnetic field. With the application of a magnetic field, there is a redistribution of the 1D DOS along energy and distance. Contrary to this, an applied electric field results in redistribution mainly along the energy axis. The inclusion of the phase-breaking scattering mechanism diminishes the first peak of the 1D DOS along the energy axis. The total number of states is constant, irrespective of any external (electric or magnetic) fields or phase-breaking scattering.
Evaluation of Phosgenation Reactions (2003)

Criteria for Selecting a Reagent Preparative Criteria Extrinsic Criteria Deductions Comparison of Reagents in Phosgenation Reactions Criteria for Comparison of Phosgenation Reagents Phosgenation Reactions Chlorocarbonylation Carbonylation Chlorination Dehydration References
The Temperature Problem at the Bone-acrylic Cement Interface of the Total Hip Replacement (1976)

Loosening of total joint replacements may be caused in part by thermal necrosis of bone in contact with the high temperature of the polymerizing PMMA acrylic cement. This study reports a method to reduce the temperature of the bone-cement interface below the temperature at which bone results in definite necrosis. By precooling the acetubular component to --84 degrees before insertion into the cement, the temperature during polymerization at a simulated bone-cement interface can be reduced from 70 degrees to 49 degrees with an increase of only approximately 51/2 minutes in the cement setting time.
Enhanced Electrical Switching and Electrochromic Properties of Poly(p‐phenylenebenzobisthiazole) Thin Films Embedded with Nano‐WO3 (2010)

Abstract The electrical switching and electrochromic phenomena of a novel nanocomposite comprising poly(p‐phenylenebenzobisthiazole) (PBZT) and tungsten oxide (WO 3 ) nanoparticles are investigated as a function of the nanoparticle loading. Both dissolving PBZT and doping PBZT backbone structure with acid are achieved by one simple step. Chlorosulfonic acid (CSA) is used as a solvent and spontaneously transformed to sulfuric acid upon exposure to moisture. The formed sulfuric acid serves as doping agent to improve the electrical conductivity of PBZT. The most significant enhancement of electrical switching is observed in the nanocomposites with low weight fraction (5%). The electrical conductivity of 5% WO 3 /PBZT nanocomposite thin film is increased by about 200 times and 2 times, respectively, as compared to those of the as‐received PBZT and PBZT/CSA thin films. As the nanoparticle loading increases to 20% and 30%, the nanocomposites follow an ohmic conduction mechanism. Stable electrical conductivity switching is observed before and after applying a bias on the pristine PBZT and WO 3 /PBZT nanocomposite thin films. Electrochromic phenomena of both PBZT and WO 3 /PBZT nanocomposite thin films with high contrast ratio are observed after applying a bias (3 V). The mechanisms of the nanoparticles in enhancing the electrical switching and electrochromic properties are proposed.
Ultra-Short Circulating Tumor DNA (usctDNA) in Plasma and Saliva of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Patients (2020)

Mutations identified in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) predict sensitivity to EGFR-targeted therapy for non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). We previously reported that Electric Field-Induced Release and Measurement (EFIRM)-based liquid biopsy could detect EGFR ctDNA with >94% concordance with tissue-based genotyping. A side-by-side comparison of concordance of EFIRM and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) for the detection of the two front-line actionable EFGR mutations was performed with paired plasma and saliva samples from 13 NSCLC patients. Deep sequencing analysis based on single-strand DNA library preparation was employed to determine the size distributions of EGFR L858R ctDNA in plasma and saliva samples. EFIRM detected both EGFR mutations with 100% sensitivity in both plasma and saliva samples, whereas ddPCR detected EGFR mutations with sensitivities of 84.6% and 15.4%, respectively. In saliva samples, the majority of EGFR L858R ctDNA fragments detected were <80 bp. Deep sequencing analysis of ctDNA enriched for the EGFR L858R mutation revealed the significant presence of EGFR L858R ctDNA as ultra-short circulating tumor DNA (usctDNA) with the size of 40-60 bp in patient plasma and saliva. Most of usctDNAs are not amplifiable with the current ddPCR assay. Further examination using cell lines and patient biofluids revealed that the majority of usctDNAs were predominately localized in the exosomal fraction. Our study revealed the abundant existence of EGFR ctDNA in the plasma and saliva of NSCLC patients is usctDNA. usctDNA is a novel type of targets for liquid biopsy that can be efficiently detected by EFIRM technology.
Isolation of a carbon starvation regulatory mutant in a marine Vibrio strain (1995)

A carbon starvation-responding lac fusion of the marine Vibrio sp. strain S14 was used as a reporter strain in order to identify genes critical in the regulation of the carbon starvation response. Interestingly, sequence data together with an altered phenotype with respect to the accumulation of guanosine 3',5'-bispyrophosphate (ppGpp) imply that one of the genes (csrS) identified by this approach is an Escherichia coli spoT equivalent. Complementary data suggest that the function encoded by the csrS gene is essential for the successful development of starvation and stress resistance.
Galaxy formation catalyzed by gravastars and the JWST, revisited (2022)

We have proposed that galaxy formation is catalyzed by the collision of infalling and outstreaming particles from leaky, horizonless astrophysical black holes, most likely gravastars, and based on this gave a model for the disk galaxy scale length. In this paper we modify our original scale length formula by including an activation probability $P$ for a collision to lead to nucleation of star formation. The revised formula extrapolates from early universe JWST data to late time data to within a factor of five, and suggests that galaxy dimensions should systematically get smaller as the observed redshift z increases. We also show that particles recycling through gravastars can lead to a reduction in the temperature of the surrounding gas, through a ``heat pump'' refrigeration effect. This can trigger galaxy formation through enhanced star formation in the vicinity of the gravastar.
Ultrasensitive femtosecond two-photon detector with resonantly enhanced nonlinear absorption (2005)

We report on two-photon detection based on nonlinear absorption between subbands in quantum wells. Resonantly enhanced nonlinear absorption, 6 orders of magnitude higher than that of typical bulk semiconductors, leads to a threshold power density for quadratic detection as low as 0.1 W/cm2 and to femtosecond time resolution. The approach facilitates dynamic characterization of the optical light field of infrared emitters with unprecedented sensitivity. We also present a new method for determining the intersubband and intrasubband scattering times by means of autocorrelation measurements.
CMOS selfbiased Euclidean distance computing circuit with high dynamic range (1992)

A CMOS analogue circuit is proposed that computes the Euclidean distance between two vectors whose coefficients are represented by currents. The circuit is selfbiased, requires only a small number of transistors, and offers good accuracy over a wide range of input values.
Dual-mode circular waveguide filters without tuning screws (1992)

The manufacture of dual-mode circular waveguide filters is a complex and labor-intensive task that could be greatly simplified with the use of accurate and fast CAD tools to predict the electrical behavior of the structures being developed. This is especially true for the tuning screws assembly that is an integral part of this type of filter. A method is proposed for the rigorous and efficient analysis of the tuning screws assembly for dual-mode filters in circular waveguides. The method is based on the introduction of a new waveguide called a ridged circular waveguide and in its use as a key component for the implementation of dual-mode filters. The modal spectrum of the ridged circular waveguide is investigated using the finite-element technique to show how the introduction of this waveguide can effectively resolve the problem of the CAD of the tuning screws in dual-mode filters in circular waveguides.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Grain size dependence of electrical properties of Gd-doped ceria (2008)

A Gd-doped ceria powder (GDC, Ce0.8Gd0.2O1.9) prepared from an oxalate precursor was hot-pressed at 1173-1273 K in Ar atmosphere and annealed in air at 1273-1473 K to control the bulk density and grain size. Complex impedance of GDC of the microstructures of 0.29-5.6 μm average grain size and 95-98% theoretical density were measured at 573-1073 K in air in the frequency range from 100 Hz to 2 MHz. The bulk conductivity (σi(b)) was independent of the grain size and the activation energy for the migration of oxide ions was 85-88 kJ/mol. The grain boundary conductivity (σi(g)) was far small as compare with σi(b) (σi(g)=1/40-1/700 of σi(b) at 573 K). The σi(g) was influenced by the average grain size and showed a minimum value at around 3 μm and gradually increased with decreasing grain size. However, the total conductivity decreased for smaller grain size because of the increased thickness of grain boundary of relatively low conductivity. The information of diffusion of oxide ions from the surface into GDC inside was also reported.
Scalable traceback against distributed denial of service (2006)

Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks have recently emerged as one of the most potent, if not the greatest, weaknesses of the internet. Previous solutions for this problem try to traceback to the exact origin of the attack by requiring the participation of all routers. For many reasons this requirement is impractical. In the presence of non-participating routers most of the proposed schemes either fail in reconstructing the attack path or end up with an approximate location of the attacker. We propose Scalable Traceback (ST), an approach based on autonomous systems, to address this issue. ST has significant improvements over other works in several dimensions: (1) with just a few tens of packets, ST enables the victim to reconstruct the attack graph, an improvement of two to three orders of magnitude when compared to previous schemes; (2) ST scales to large distributed attacks with thousands of attacks; (3) the reconstruction takes only tens of seconds; (4) ST performs well even in the presence of legacy routers.