gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel Nonlinear Interactions in Photonic Crystal Fibers (2005)

Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text A. Gaeta, "Novel Nonlinear Interactions in Photonic Crystal Fibers," in Integrated Photonics Research and Applications/Nanophotonics for Information Systems, Technical Digest (Optica Publishing Group, 2005), paper NThD2. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
First Report of an Escherichia coli Strain Carrying the Colistin Resistance Determinant mcr-1 from a Dog in South Korea (2020)

We studied the presence of the mobile colistin resistance gene <i>mcr</i>-<i>1</i> in <i>Escherichia coli</i> isolates recovered from fecal and urine samples of companion animals, that were collected from South Korea in 2018 and 2019. The <i>mcr</i>-<i>1</i> gene was detected in one colistin-resistant <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> isolated from a diarrheic dog. The isolate exhibited additional resistance to multiple antimicrobials, including fluoroquinolones and third-generation cephalosporins. The <i>mcr</i>-<i>1</i> carrying isolate belonged to ST160. The pulsed-field gel electrophoresis pattern of our strain differed from those ST160 <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> strains previously identified from chickens in Korea. The <i>mcr-1</i> gene was identified in the IncI2 plasmid. It was also transferred to <i>E. coli</i> J53 recipient strain, with a conjugation efficiency of 2.8 × 10<sup>-4</sup>. Average nucleotide identity analysis demonstrated that the <i>mcr</i>-<i>1</i>-carrying plasmid in this study was closely related to those from patients in Korea. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of <i>mcr</i>-1 carrying <i>E. coli</i> from a companion animal in South Korea. Our findings support One Health approach is necessary to prevent the dissemination of this high-risk gene.
Linear Response Breakdown in Solvation Dynamics Induced by Atomic Electron-Transfer Reactions (2008)

The linear response (LR) approximation, which predicts identical relaxation rates from all nonequilibrium initial conditions that relax to the same equilibrium state, underlies dominant models of how solvation influences chemical reactivity. We experimentally tested the validity of LR for the solvation that accompanies partial electron transfer to and from a monatomic solute in solution. We photochemically prepared the species with stoichiometry Na0 in liquid tetrahydrofuran by both adding an electron to Na+ and removing an electron from Na-. Because atoms lack nuclear degrees of freedom, ultrafast changes in the Na0 absorption spectrum reflected the solvation that began from our two initial nonequilibrium conditions. We found that the solvation of Na0 occurs more rapidly from Na+ than Na-, constituting a breakdown of LR. This indicates that Marcus theory would fail to describe electron-transfer processes for this and related chemical systems.
Low-Power Wideband Analog Channelization Filter Bank Using Passive Polyphase-FFT Techniques (2017)

Polyphase-FFT (P-FFT) techniques allow for low power implementations of high performance multi-channel filter banks by utilizing computation sharing like a standard fast Fourier transform (FFT). Additionally, it enables a longer “effective window length” than is possible in a standard FFT. This characteristic breaks the trade-off between the main-lobe width and the side-lobe amplitudes in normal finite impulse response filters. Thus, P-FFT techniques have been employed for the channelization of wideband input signals in high speed digital communication receivers. In this paper, we present a prototype analog P-FFT based filter bank in discrete time that is used to channelize wideband input signals so as to reduce the speed and dynamic range requirement of the ADCs. The four-channel I/Q prototype is implemented using TSMC's 65 nm GP technology. Based on passive switches, the design operates at high speed, consumes low power, and offers high linearity performance. The measured transfer function shows >38 dB side-lobe suppression at 1 GS/s operation. The average measured IIP3 is +25 dBm differential power and the total integrated output noise is 208 μVrms. The total power consumption for the P-FFT filter bank (eight-channels total) is 34.6 mW (34.6 pJ/conv).
Influence of micro and nano-scale roughness on hydrophobicity of a plasma-treated woven fabric (2016)

A superhydrophobic fabric surface was fabricated by forming a dual roughness structure in combination with lowered surface energy. The contribution of the innate micro-scale roughness resulting from the waviness of filaments and yarns in a woven fabric on hydrophobicity was investigated in comparison with a smooth film surface. Though the micro-scale roughness coming from the multi-filaments of fabric was conducive in enhancing the hydrophobicity of the surface, the micro-scale roughness itself was not enough to create superhydrophobicity. Thus a nano-scale roughness was introduced by an anisotropic etching employing oxygen plasma etching followed by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. As for the nano-scale roughness, however, it was possible to achieve the superhydrophobicity only with nano-scale roughness, but with a very large aspect ratio of nano-pillar structure. In the presence of dual-scale roughness consisting of both micro- and nano-scale structures, the superhydrophobic characteristic was effectively achieved even at a small aspect ratio of nano-pillar. By adjusting the number of filaments in a yarn and by controlling the plasma process time, it was possible to control the dual-scale roughness of a woven fabric and its wettability. An excessive thinning and lengthening of nano-pillars may negatively affect the hydrophobicity by the collapse and aggregation of pillar tips, and an appropriate processing condition is critical to design a durable superhydrophobic surface.
A Quantitative Approach to Understanding the Formation and Change of Coordinated Movement Patterns (1989)

This study shows how the identification of relevant collective variables for behavioral patterns and evaluation of their stability may lead to a better understanding of processes underlying pattern change in coordinated human motor behavior. Based upon observed transitions in behavioral patterns, relative phase was identified as an appropriate collective variable for characterizing different patterns of bimanual coordination. The stability of this collective variable was determined through perturbation techniques. Subjects performed one of two patterns of hand coordination (in phase and out of phase) as the frequency of movement was systematically increased. Torque perturbations were administered in order to disturb the ongoing coordinative pattern, and the time required to return to the same pattern (the relaxation time) was measured. A transition from an out-of-phase to an in-phase pattern of coordination occurred at a critical frequency in all subjects. Moreover, when subjects began a trial in the out-of-phase pattern, a strong and statistically significant increase in relaxation time was observed as the frequency increased prior to the transition, indicating a loss of pattern stability. No transitions occurred when subjects began in the in-phase pattern of coordination; nor was there a change in the measured relaxation time as a function of frequency. Together with earlier results on critical fluctuations, these findings indicate that instabilities play an important role in effecting change in patterns of motor coordination. The potential relevance of these concepts and quantitative tools for other motor activities and other levels of description, for example, neural patterns, is discussed.
Genetic Engineering of Plant Secondary Metabolism (Accumulation of 4-Hydroxybenzoate Glucosides as a Result of the Expression of the Bacterial ubiC Gene in Tobacco) (1996)

The ubiC gene of Escherichia coli encodes chorismate pyruvatelyase, an enzyme that converts chorismate into 4-hydroxybenzoate (4HB) and is not normally present in plants. The ubiC gene was expressed in Nicotiana tabacum L. plants under control of a constitutive plant promoter. The gene product was targeted into the plastid by fusing it to the sequence for the chloroplast transit peptide of the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase. Transgenic plants showed high chorismate pyruvate-lyase activity and accumulated 4HB as beta-glucosides, with the glucose attached to either the hydroxy or the carboxyl function of 4HB. The total content of 4HB glucosides was approximately 0.52% of dry weight, which exceeded the content of untransformed plants by at least a factor of 1000. Feeding experiments with [1,7-13C2]shikimic acid unequivocally proved that the 4HB that was formed in the transgenic plants was not derived from the conventional phenylpropanoid pathway but from the newly introduced chorismate pyruvate-lyase reaction.
Supplementary Figures 1 - 8 from Dormant Cancer Cells Contribute to Residual Disease in a Model of Reversible Pancreatic Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 719K, Elevated c-MYC expression in human pancreatic cancer cell lines (S1); c-Myc is highly upregulated in a mouse model for pancreatic cancer (S2); Levels of c-Myc (exogenous and endogenous) in ductal and poorly differentiated pancreatic adenocarcinomas that were induced through upregulation of this oncogene in comparison to pancreatic tumors from Pdx1-Cre LSL-KrasG12D animals that carry two wildtype or one mutant allele of p53 (S3); Expression of Muc1, E-Cadherin, Pdx1, and Sox9 in the normal pancreas as well as ductal carcinomas and poorly differentiated carcinomas of transgenic mice expressing exogenous c-Myc (S4); Elevated levels of exogenous c-Myc induces expression of Bax and active Caspase-3 (S5); Ablation of c-Myc expression leads to reduced proliferation, increased expression of p53 as well as autophagy-related protein LC3 but a reduction in the levels of active Caspase-3 (S6); Downregulation of active Caspase-3 and upregulation of LC3 in pancreatic cancers that lack Cdkn2a (S7); Residual cancer cells do not express c-Myc, lack nuclear staining of Ki67 and are TUNEL negative (S8).&lt;/p&gt;
Ureteral obstruction caused by mucocele of the appendix: MDCT findings (2007)

Mucocele of the appendix is characterized by distension of the appendiceal lumen due to abnormal accumulation of mucoid substance. Among the known complications of appendiceal mucocele, it is known to be unusual for the appendiceal mucocele to be a cause of ureteral obstruction. Only a few reports have been published in the English literature. We describe a case of right hydronephroureterosis secondary to appendiceal mucocele diagnosed with multidetector-row CT.
Two way DWDM optical network for analog and digital transmission (2002)

Summary form only given. We have demonstrated a robust two way WDM network within a conventional HFC plant. The broadcast analog signal maintains CNR >50 dB with narrowcast signal CNR >40 dB. The return path achieves S/(N+I)>40 dB with 15 dB dynamic range. Both exceeds the bit-error-free requirement for digital signals.
Actively mode-locked semiconductor lasers (1989)

Measurements of actively mode-locked semiconductor lasers are described and compared to calculations of the mode-locking process using three coupled traveling-wave rate equations for the electron and photon densities. The dependence of pulse width on the modulation current and frequency are described. A limitation to minimum achievable pulse widths in mode-locked semiconductor lasers is shown to be dynamic tuning due to gain saturation. Techniques to achieve subpicosecond pulses are described, together with ways to reduce multiple pulse outputs. The amplitude and phase noise of linear- and ring-cavity semiconductor lasers were measured and fond to be tens of dB smaller than YAG and argon lasers and limited by the noise from the microwave oscillator. High-frequency phase noise is only measurable in detuned cavities, and is below -110 dBc (1 Hz) in optimally tuned cavities. The prospects for novel ways to achieve even shorter pulses are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Regulation of cell-mediated immunity in cryptococcosis. II. Characterization of first-order T suppressor cells (Ts1) and induction of second-order suppressor cells. (1983)

Cryptococcosis patients frequently have high levels of cryptococcal antigen in their body fluids, and the levels of circulating antigen can generally be used to predict the patient's recovery, with high or rising antigen titers indicating a poor prognosis and low or decreasing levels a good prognosis. In a previous study, we reported on a murine model for studying the effects of cryptococcal antigen on host defense mechanisms. In that work, we demonstrated that an i.v. injection of cryptococcal antigen (CneF) into CBA/J mice, to simulate the antigenemia known to occur in human cryptococcosis, induced a population of T suppressor cells (Ts1) in the lymph nodes (LN). Upon adoptive transfer, the Ts1 cells specifically suppressed the afferent limb of the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response to cryptococcal antigen. In the present study, we show that the precursors of the Ts1 cells are sensitive to low-dose cyclophosphamide treatment and that the phenotype of the Ts1 cells is Lyt-1+, Ia+ (I-J+). LN cells from CneF-injected mice or a soluble factor derived therefrom can induce in the spleens of recipient mice a second-order suppressor cell population that suppresses the efferent limb of the DTH response. The cells that induce the second-order or efferent suppressor cells have the same phenotype as the cells that appear to suppress the afferent limb of the DTH response. The findings in this study indicate that a complex regulatory mechanism is responsible for the observed suppression of the DTH response in this infectious disease model. Furthermore, the suppressive circuit thus far defined for cryptococcal antigen is similar to the antigen-specific suppressor cell pathway outlined for certain chemically defined haptenic systems.
Learning Outcomes during Information Search in Digital Archives (2021)

Abstract A museum's digital archive system gathers information about cultural heritage and makes it accessible to the public. In this study we clarify the extent to which search behaviors reflect task outcome and foster users’ knowledge of painting and calligraphy. Ten users participated who are special interest museum visitors. They joined in this evaluation of the Digital Archives of Chinese Painting and Calligraphy Search System (DA‐PCSS) of the National Palace Museum in Taiwan. Participants’ search activities and interactions with the DA‐PCSS were recorded in two simulated tasks. The results show that the high‐performance (HP) group who received high scores for their essays on the tasks formulated precise and relevant queries. Furthermore, the HP group were able to find information needed inside or outside the system to explore and synthesize the information, which was clearly reflected in their search move patterns, during the search process. Our results suggest that the criteria for learning at various stages of search suggested by Vakkari (2016) seem to validly reflect the quality of the search outcomes. In all, the results elucidate how the evaluated system supports users as they search for target items, as well as how learning occurs during the search process and in turn influences task outcomes.
"Dottore, sto come mi sento...?" Un confronto fra misure oggettive e soggettive di salute in pazienti di Medcina Generale (2012)

Introduzione\nLa qualità di vita di un soggetto è, ovviamente, influenzata da tipo e numero di patologie di cui è portatore. Pochi studi hanno tuttavia quantificato analiticamente l’influenza che la presenza e la gravità di tali patologie, tipicamente croniche se parliamo di soggetti anziani, hanno sulla salute percepita del soggetto.\nObiettivo \nDescrivere l’influenza che numero di patologie croniche e loro gravità hanno su HRQL (Health Related Quality of Life)\nMateriali e metodi\nNegli anni 2009-2010 è stato somministrato il questionario SF36 (8 scale di HRQL) ed è stato calcolato il Charlson Comorbidity Index (CI) ed il Cumulative Illness Rating Scale (CIRS) a 887 pazienti di medici di medicina generale (MMG) nella provincia di Siena. \nL’indagine è più dettagliatamente descritta in altra comunicazione del nostro gruppo di lavoro.\nLe correlazioni sono state analizzate mediante regressione quartile multivariata non parametrica.\nRisultati\nIl CI risulta associato con il CIRS (coeff= 5,7 , p&lt;0,001), con attività fisica (scala AF) (-1.7,p&lt;0.001), con ruolo fisico (scala RF) (-1.7, p=0.013), con salute generale (scala SG) (-1.4, p=0.039). CIRS è associato con AF (-13.3, p&lt;0.001),con RF (-33.9, p&lt;0.001), con Dolore Fisico (scala DF ) (-35.5, p&lt;0.001), con SG (-16.3, p=0.011), con vitalità (scala VT) (-10.5, p=0.006), con salute mentale (scala SM), (-14.9, p=0.004). \nConclusioni\nIn una popolazione adulta di pazienti di MMG le comorbidità e la loro gravità influenzano negativamente la HRQL. Le comorbidità influenzano soprattutto gli aspetti della qualità di vita legati all’attività fisica. La gravità delle patologie è associata anche con gli aspetti emozionali. Comorbidità e gravità risultano fortemente correlate.
Brace Treatment in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (1988)

Correct guidelines for the initiation and evaluation of brace treatment in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis are dependent on a thorough knowledge of the condition's natural history. Recently acquired data from school children screening programs and long-term follow-up studies of idiopathic scoliosis have added new insight to the natural history of the condition. This new information has raised questions concerning the validity of previous treatment guidelines and has led to changes concerning patient selection and indications for brace initiation, type of spinal orthotic used, duration of brace treatment, brace-wear programs, and anticipated results from bracing. Proper application of this new knowledge allows the physician to avoid overdiagnosis and overtreatment and to become more efficient in the use of spinal orthoses.
Lower Bounds on Cross-Entropy Loss in the Presence of Test-time Adversaries (2021)

Understanding the fundamental limits of robust supervised learning has emerged as a problem of immense interest, from both practical and theoretical standpoints. In particular, it is critical to determine classifier-agnostic bounds on the training loss to establish when learning is possible. In this paper, we determine optimal lower bounds on the cross-entropy loss in the presence of test-time adversaries, along with the corresponding optimal classification outputs. Our formulation of the bound as a solution to an optimization problem is general enough to encompass any loss function depending on soft classifier outputs. We also propose and provide a proof of correctness for a bespoke algorithm to compute this lower bound efficiently, allowing us to determine lower bounds for multiple practical datasets of interest. We use our lower bounds as a diagnostic tool to determine the effectiveness of current robust training methods and find a gap from optimality at larger budgets. Finally, we investigate the possibility of using of optimal classification outputs as soft labels to empirically improve robust training.
The Beauty and Clarity of a Well Designed Experiment (2022)

During my graduate work at Cornell in the 1970's, it became very clear to me that Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy provided a fascinating look into the detailed behavior of nanoscale materials. At the time, however, there were very few instruments that were capable of obtaining reproducible and detailed spectroscopic information, because of the lack of adequate spatial and energy resolution, as well as methods for recording data with sufficient statistical accuracy. My thesis research was, therefore, heavily involved with implementation of computer control for the Wien Filter electron spectrometer recently built there by Curtis and Silcox.[1] As I completed that work and began to take data, I became aware of the work of John Spence on the energy loss spectroscopy of aluminum during his graduate years in Melbourne, particularly regarding his discovery of excess multiple scattering at the two plasmon energy loss.
Dinuclear Pt(II) and Pd(I) Complexes with Bridging PPh2 Ligands from the Reaction of PPh2H with Zero-Valent Complexes of These Metals (2005)

Abstract Reactions of PPh2H with [M(PCy3)2] (M = Pt, Pd) produce the dinuclear complexes with bridging PPh2 ligands of these metals, [{Pt(H)(PCy3)}2(μ-PPh2)2] and [{Pd(PCy3)}2(μ-PPh2)2], respectively.
Molten Potassium Pyrosulfate: Reactions of Lanthanum Metal and Six of Its Compounds (1987)

The reactions of lanthanum metal, La2O3, La(OH)3, La(NO3)3.6H2O, La2(CO3)3.3H2O, LaCl3 and LaCl3.7H2O with molten K2S2O7 were studied. The metal reacted with K2S2O7 to produce La2(SO4)3, K2SO4 and SO2. Lanthanum(III) oxide was converted into La2(SO4)3, as were La(OH)3, La(NO3)3.6H2O, La2(CO3)3.3H2O, LaCl3 and LaCl3.7H2O but with the evolution of H2O, NO2 + O2 + H2O, CO2 + H2O, Cl2 + SO2 + S and Cl2 + SO2 + H2O + HCl respectively. K2S2O7 was converted into K2SO4 in the reactions. Reaction pathways have been suggested to explain the final products. The temperatures and stoichiometries of the reactions have been established.
The Leukocyte Population in the Peripheral Blood and the Colostrum of Cows Infected with Bovine Leukemia Virus is Skewed Towards Humoral Immunity (2012)

Infection of cows with Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) occurs throughout the world, and is especially prevalent in dairy cows. Thus, the current study determined the immune status of cows infected with BLV by examining the leukocyte population and the cytokine mRNA expression of mononuclear cells in the peripheral blood and colostrum of clinically healthy BLV-positive cows. All samples were obtained on the day of calving
A Seed-Specific Regulator of Triterpene Saponin Biosynthesis in Medicago truncatula (2020)

Plants produce a vast array of defense compounds to protect themselves from pathogen attack or herbivore predation. Saponins are a specific class of defense compounds comprising bioactive glycosides with a steroidal or triterpenoid aglycone backbone. The model legume <i>Medicago truncatula</i> synthesizes two types of saponins, hemolytic saponins and nonhemolytic soyasaponins, which accumulate as specific blends in different plant organs. Here, we report the identification of the seed-specific transcription factor TRITERPENE SAPONIN ACTIVATION REGULATOR3 (TSAR3), which controls hemolytic saponin biosynthesis in developing <i>M. truncatula</i> seeds. Analysis of genes that are coexpressed with <i>TSAR3</i> in transcriptome data sets from developing <i>M. truncatula</i> seeds led to the identification of CYP88A13, a cytochrome P450 that catalyzes the C-16α hydroxylation of medicagenic acid toward zanhic acid, the final oxidation step of the hemolytic saponin biosynthesis branch in <i>M. truncatula</i> In addition, two uridine diphosphate glycosyltransferases, UGT73F18 and UGT73F19, which glucosylate hemolytic sapogenins at the C-3 position, were identified. The genes encoding the identified biosynthetic enzymes are present in clusters of duplicated genes in the <i>M. truncatula</i> genome. This appears to be a common theme among saponin biosynthesis genes, especially glycosyltransferases, and may be the driving force of the metabolic evolution of saponins.