gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
About the distinctive characteristics of DC-DC switch-mode converters under discontinuous conduction mode (2004)

Operation of DC-DC switch-mode converters under discontinuous conduction mode has been analyzed by energy balancing method. The approach calculates the energy balance between the input and output power during each operating period. The results of analysis show that DC-DC converters give several distinctive input and output characteristics, under discontinuous conduction mode. For examples, a boost DC-DC converter acts as a CRL (current regulated load), which absorbs designated current from the original DC source. The current is given by a CRL-function, which is the function of system parameters. Depending on these distinctive characteristics, a simple maximum power point tracking control system for solar cell has been proposed, as the example. The system has been designed according to the CRL-function. No feedback control is necessary, and the system is easy to design and operates stable. Another example of free-running boost converter for composing power factor correcting rectifier has also bee described. These examples show the usefulness of the CRL-function. Although their control procedures arc simple, their operations show excellent performance, depending on the simulation results
The impact of process parameter variations on the electrical characteristics of a RESURF LDMOS and its compact modeling (2011)

In this paper, we have investigated the effect of parameter variations on the electrical characteristics of a RESURF LDMOS. The rate of change in each of the electrical parameters such as cut off frequency, breakdown voltage and drain saturation current as a function of the process parameters has been obtained. Furthermore, a model for the device output characteristics is presented and is verified by numerical simulations. To design a high-frequency high-power transistor, an accurate model for the power transistor is required. Several models for the device output characteristics have been proposed [1-3]. A good model should behave properly in all regions of the transistor operation and include the effects of quasi-saturation, a phenomenon commonly seen in power transistors when operating at high gate voltages. The model used here, also includes effects such as self heating and saturation in the N-Drift region.
TAMPER DETECTION FOR WASTE MANAGERS (1999)

Tags and seals have an important role to play in waste management. They can be used for hazardous materials accountability and control. They can help detect tampering, theft, sabotage, or errors in handling and processing. The Vulnerability Assessment Team at Los Alamos National Laboratory has extensively analyzed tags and seals, as well as a number of tamperdetection security programs. As a result of this work, we have developed suggestions for choosing and using tags and seals, and for effective tamper detection. This paper covers suggestions that are the most relevant for waste management applications. INTRODUCTION Tags, tamper-indicating seals, and tamper-evident packaging have an important role to play in the management, transport, and storage of hazardous waste [1,2]. They can aid in material accountability and control, verification, nonproliferation, counter-terrorism, security and safeguards, and reducing legal liability. They can help to protect against inadvertent errors in s...
Amplificateur de Puissance Doherty Optimisé en Linéarité et en Rendement (2013)

National audience
Tillage and Soybean Canopy Effects on Common Cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium) Emergence (2007)

Field experiments were conducted in Pendleton, SC, in 2004 and 2005, to determine the influence of tillage with or without soybean on common cocklebur emergence. Treatments included no-till/no soybean (NTNS), no-till plus soybean (NTS), tillage/no soybean (TNS), and tillage plus soybean (TS). Emergence was monitored from an artificial seed bank in 2004 and a natural seed bank in 2005. Overall, common cocklebur emerged from early May through late October and presented multiple emergence. In no-till plots with or without soybean, initial emergence was delayed 7 d in both years. In TNS plots, major emergence (daily emergence &gt; mean emergence plus standard deviation) of common cocklebur occurred from early May to late July. In NTNS plots, major emergence occurred from late May through late August. No-till reduced total common cocklebur emergence by 59 to 69% compared with tillage. At the V5 to V6 soybean growth stage, the daily soil thermal fluctuation at 2.5 cm soil depth diminished from approximately 15 to 5 C and reduced common cocklebur emergence by 84 to 91% for the rest of the growing season. Common cocklebur emergence was higher when the mean soil temperature was &gt; 15 C, and the daily thermal fluctuation was &gt; 7.5 C. This study suggests that strategies that promote early crop canopy development and minimum tillage should reduce common cocklebur emergence.
Autophagy and lysosomal defects in cells expressing disease‐associated tau (2021)

Abstract Background Intracellular accumulation of insoluble tau is an important hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related tauopathies. We have previously identified in human tauopathy brain a truncated tau species (Tau35), comprising the C‐terminal half with four microtubule‐binding repeats. Minimal Tau35 expression in transgenic mice results in a progressive tauopathy phenotype including tau phosphorylation and aggregation, cognitive and behavioural abnormalities and impaired protein clearance. The autophagy‐lysosomal pathway (ALP) plays a crucial role in the clearance of protein aggregates and defects in ALP are associated with the pathogenesis of AD. We sought to explore the effect of Tau35 expression on the ALP and whether autophagy is disrupted due to lysosomal dysfunction. Method Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells stably expressing Tau35 (CHO‐Tau35) or full‐length human 2N4R tau (CHO‐FL) were generated. Primary cortical neurons from Tau35 transgenic and wild‐type mice were cultured for 14 days in vitro (DIV) and brain homogenates were prepared from mice aged 4 and 12 months. The effect of Tau35 on the ALP was examined using immunofluorescence and western blots. Result Nuclear translocation of transcription factor EB (TFEB), a key mediator of lysosomal biogenesis, was significantly reduced in both CHO‐FL and CHO‐Tau35 cells. However, only CHO‐Tau35 cells exhibited disrupted mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activity and autophagic flux. Expression of ALP markers, including LC3‐I/II, LAMP1, LAMP2 and cathepsin D, were also reduced in CHO‐Tau35 cells. Conclusion Our findings suggest that N‐terminally cleaved tau damages both lysosomal clearance of cellular proteins and lysosomal biogenesis. The Tau35‐expressing cultured neurons will provide a useful tool to explore molecular mechanisms underlying tau‐induced lysosomal dysfunction, which may lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets for dementia.
Modular power electronic transformer and its direct power control (2017)

This paper presents the design and hardware implementation of a modular power electronic transformer (PET). Specifically, the designs of the key components of the system, including both power stage and control system, are presented in detail. In addition, a novel direct power control (DPC) strategy combining voltage balancing control is proposed for modular PET to realize stable operation even in distorted voltage conditions. Lastly, simulations and experiments on the prototype are given to demonstrate the performance of the modular PET. Also the analysis under different scenarios are conducted to verify the following advanced features: 1) reactive power regulation; 2) low no-load loss; 3) high performance in distorted voltage conditions.
Final‐stage densification kinetics of direct current–sintered ZrB 2 (2023)

Abstract Final‐stage sintering was analyzed for nominally phase pure zirconium diboride synthesized by borothermal reduction of high‐purity ZrO 2 . Analysis was conducted on ZrB 2 ceramics with relative densities greater than 90% using the Nabarro–Herring stress–directed vacancy diffusion model. Temperatures of 1900°C or above and an applied uniaxial pressure of 50 MPa were required to fully densify ZrB 2 ceramics by direct current sintering. Ram travel data were collected and used to determine the relative density of the specimens during sintering. Specimens sintered between 1900 and 2100°C achieved relative densities greater than 97%, whereas specimens sintered below 1900°C failed to reach the final stage of sintering. The average grain size ranged from 1.0 to 14.7 μm. The activation energy was calculated from the slope of an Arrhenius plot that used the Kalish equation. The activation energy was 162 ± 34 kJ/mol, which is consistent with the activation energy for dislocation movement in ZrB 2 . The diffusion coefficients for dislocation motion that controls densification were 5.1 × 10 −6 cm 2 /s at 1900°C and 5.1 × 10 −5 cm 2 /s at 2100°C, as calculated from activation energy and average grain sizes. This study provides evidence that the dominant mechanism for final‐stage sintering of ZrB 2 ceramics is dislocation motion.
The Remarkable Hyperchromicity of Ketohydrazone Dyes and Pigment Lakes Derived from 4‐Morpholino‐2‐naphthol (2013)

Abstract The syntheses of a series of new ketohydrazone dyes and pigment lakes with a unique structural motif derived from 4‐morpholino‐2‐naphthol are described. The morpholine substituent is responsible for the hypsochromically shifted absorption maxima with significantly enhanced molar extinction coefficients of the new dyes; this conclusion is supported by time‐dependent DFT (TD‐DFT) simulations. The location of the morpholine substituent at a sterically demanding site in the pigment lake obstructs further coordination of the bridging sulfonate groups in the solid state and prevents the formation of a 1‐dimensional polymeric system, which is common for other pigment lakes.
N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) Derivatives of 1,3-Di(benzyloxy)imidazolium Salts (2010)

1-Hydroxyimidazole-3-oxide (1) was alkylated with benzyl bromide in the presence of NaHCO 3 to give the new 1,3-di(benzyloxy)imidazolium bromide 2a which was converted to the hexafluorophosphate 2b and bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide 2c. From this cation, pyridine generated a carbene which was trapped by sulfur or selenium to yield the respective 2-thione 3 or 2-selone 4. Bromination afforded the 2-bromo derivative 5. Reaction of the hexafluorophosphate 2b with silver oxide gave the silver-N-heterocyclic carbene complex 6 which was transmetallated with Au(Me2S)Cl to the gold-carbene complex 7. A rhodium-carbene complex 8 was obtained by reaction of the hexafluorophosphate 2b with [Rh(cod)Cl]2 in the presence of triethylamine. Eight crystal structures were determined by X-ray diffraction. The N-benzyloxy groups are twisted out of the plane of the imidazole ring in the solid state. They adopt syn conformations in the cation of the hexafluorophosphate 2b and in the metal-carbene complexes 6 - 8, but anti conformations in the thione 3 and selone 4. Both conformations were observed in two polymorphs of the 2-bromo compound 5.
Pattern recognition in gene expression profiling using DNA array: a comparative study of different statistical methods applied to cancer classification (2003)

Large-scale parallel measurements of the expression of many thousands genes are now available with high-density array made with collections of cDNA fragments, or oligonucleotide corresponding to different transcripts. These technologies have been applied to cancer investigations since the availability of such a large number of markers makes DNA array a powerful diagnostic tool for tumour and patient classification. Over the last two years, a series of computational tools have been developed for the analysis of different aspects of gene profiling. Our work tries to compare a series of supervised statistical techniques on the basis of their ability to correctly classify different types of tumours. A simulation approach was initially used to control the huge source of variation among and between patients, and to evaluate the ability of algorithms to classify tumours in relation to different types of experimental variables. Different techniques for reduction of data dimension were then added to the discriminant analysis and compared according to their ability to capture the main genetic information. The simulation results have been tested by applying the selected classification algorithms to two experimental microarray datasets of human cancers, and by measuring the correspondent rates of misclassification. Our analyses identify in these datasets a series of genes principally involved in tumour characterization. The functional role of these discriminant transcripts is discussed.
Measuring the top–bottom effect of a tilted thick specimen in an ultrahigh-voltage electron microscope (2005)

From the 40 nm gold particles on the surface of a 5μm thick amorphous specimen tilted by a 360° tilt holder, we have observed the top–bottom effect (TBE) in a 3 MV ultrahigh-voltage electron microscope. Because of the TBE, object points located on the top surface of the specimen have poorer image quality than those on the bottom. Measurements of the diameter and contrast of gold-particle images show that the TBE becomes strong when increasing the effective thickness of the specimen by tilting the specimen. The TBE can produce additional image blurring of about 10, 27, and 74 nm in the gold-particle diameter for the effective thickness of 5.0, 10.0, and 14.6μm, respectively. The need for further investigations is thus suggested to understand and determine the TBE limitation on the resolution or fidelity of electron tomography for thick specimens.
Toward Real-Time Pedestrian Detection Based on a Deformable Template Model (2013)

Most advanced driving assistance systems already include pedestrian detection systems. Unfortunately, there is still a tradeoff between precision and real time. For a reliable detection, excellent precision-recall such a tradeoff is needed to detect as many pedestrians as possible while, at the same time, avoiding too many false alarms; in addition, a very fast computation is needed for fast reactions to dangerous situations. Recently, novel approaches based on deformable templates have been proposed since these show a reasonable detection performance although they are computationally too expensive for real-time performance. In this paper, we present a system for pedestrian detection based on a hierarchical multiresolution part-based model. The proposed system is able to achieve state-of-the-art detection accuracy due to the local deformations of the parts while exhibiting a speedup of more than one order of magnitude due to a fast coarse-to-fine inference technique. Moreover, our system explicitly infers the level of resolution available so that the detection of small examples is feasible with a very reduced computational cost. We conclude this contribution by presenting how a graphics processing unit-optimized implementation of our proposed system is suitable for real-time pedestrian detection in terms of both accuracy and speed.
Overcoming Doxorubicin Resistance with Lipid–Polymer Hybrid Nanoparticles Photoreleasing Nitric Oxide (2020)

We report on tailored lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles (NPs) delivering nitric oxide (NO) under the control of visible light as a tool for overcoming doxorubicin (DOX) resistance. The NPs consist of a polymeric core and a coating. They are appropriately designed to entrap DOX in the poly(lactide-<i>co</i>-glycolide) core and a NO photodonor (NOPD) in the phospholipid shell to avoid their mutual interaction both in the ground and excited states. The characteristic red fluorescence of DOX, useful for its tracking in cells, is well preserved upon incorporation within the NPs, even in the copresence of NOPD. The NP scaffold enhances the NO photoreleasing efficiency of the entrapped NOPD when compared with that of the free compound, and the copresence of DOX does not significantly affect such enhanced photochemical performance. Besides, the delivery of DOX and NOPD from NPs is also not mutually influenced. Experiments carried out in M14 DOX-resistant melanoma cells demonstrate that NO release from the multicargo NPs can be finely regulated by excitation with visible light, at a concentration level below the cytotoxic doses but sufficient enough to inhibit the efflux transporters mostly responsible for DOX cellular extrusion. This results in increased cellular retention of DOX with consequent enhancement of its antitumor activity. This approach, in principle, is not dependent on the type of chemotherapeutic used and may pave the way for new treatment modalities based on the photoregulated release of NO to overcome the multidrug resistance phenomenon and improve cancer chemotherapies.
Analysis of the physical layer security enhancing of wireless communication system under the random mobile (2019)

User mobility is a major feature of wireless networks. At present, physical layer security research rarely considers the impact of user mobility on the physical layer security performance in the network. In this study, the authors propose a random mobile user physical layer security model and study the impact of random waypoint movement users on the security performance of the physical layer in wireless networks, in which an artificial noise security scheme under the multi‐antenna transmission model is considered. They derive the closed expression of positive secrecy capacity probability and secrecy outage probability under this model. The results prove that system security is enhanced because of the users’ mobility.
Photonic microwave and RF programmable true time delays for phased array antennas using a soliton crystal Kerr micro-comb source (2021)

Abstract We demonstrate significantly improved performance of a microwave true time delay line based on an integrated optical frequency comb source. The broadband micro-comb (over 100 nm wide) features a record low free spectral range of 49GHz, resulting in an unprecedented record high channel number (81 over the C band) – the highest number of channels for an integrated comb source used for microwave signal processing. We theoretically analyze the performance of a phased array antenna and show that this large channel count results in a high angular resolution and wide beam steering tunable range. This demonstrates the feasibility of our approach as a competitive solution towards implementing integrated photonic true time delays in radar and communications systems.
Extending Synthetic Access to Proteins with a Removable Acyl Transfer Auxiliary (2002)

A chemo- and regioselective auxiliary-mediated peptide ligation has been developed that is effective under nonidealized conditions for the synthesis of proteins. This general amide bond ligation utilizes a removable auxiliary that is analogous to the role of cysteine in native chemical ligation, combining chemoselective thioester exchange with efficient regioselective intramolecular acyl transfer. Acid lability and improved ligation efficiency were introduced into the 2-mercaptobenzyl auxiliary by increasing the electron density of the aromatic ring. The 62 amino acid SH3 domain from alpha-spectrin was synthesized using the auxiliary-mediated ligation at a Lys-Gly sequence. The auxiliary was removed with TFA and scavengers from the ligated product. This methodology enables unprotected peptides to be coupled at noncysteine ligation sites expanding the scope of protein synthesis and semisynthesis.
Streamlined Synthesis of Biomonomers for Bioresourced Materials: Bisfuran Diacids, Diols, and Diamines via Common Bisfuran Dibromide Intermediates (2017)

A bisfuran dibromide has been established as the versatile and common intermediate for the high-yield synthesis of the three important classes of bisfuran monomers for furan-based renewable materials, bisfuran diacids, diols, and diamines. The general synthetic route involves a coupling reaction of 2-methylfuran with a ketone (acetone or cyclohexanone) under acidic conditions and a bromination reaction of the resulting bisfuran dimethyl compound to produce the bisfuran dibromide intermediate. This dibromide intermediate is subsequently converted to the corresponding bisfuran diacid (via oxidation reaction with KMnO4 under basic conditions), bisfuran diol (by hydrolysis reaction under mild basic conditions), and bisfuran diamine (through the Gabriel reaction). The versatility of the bisfuran dibromide intermediate and the effective transformation into the monomers with high to quantitative yield typically without the need for further purification highlight the two attractive features and potential for large-scale production.
Bait Your Hook: A Novel Detection Technique for Keyloggers (2010)

Abstract. Software keyloggers are a fast growing class of malware often used to harvest confidential information. One of the main reasons for this rapid growth is the possibility for unprivileged programs running in user space to eavesdrop and record all the keystrokes of the users of the system. Such an ability to run in unprivileged mode facilitates their implementation and distribution, but, at the same time, allows to understand and model their behavior in detail. Leveraging this property, we propose a new detection technique that simulates carefully crafted keystroke sequences (the bait) in input and observes the behavior of the keylogger in output to univocally identify it among all the running processes. We have prototyped and evaluated this technique with some of the most common free keyloggers. Experimental results are encouraging and confirm the viability of our approach in practical scenarios.
[Experience of joint administration of neuromidin and ovestin for correcting cognitive disorders in females with hypoestrogenic syndrome]. (2010)

The aim of the present study was to assess the efficacy of combined administration of neuromidin and ovestin in low doses for pharmacocorrection of cognitive disorders in women after total ovariectomy. The obtained results are indicative of a pronounced efficacy of the proposed combined therapy for the pharmaco-correction of cognitive disorders as compared to the standard hormone replacement therapy in women with hypoestrogenic syndrome. This is confirmed by significant decrease of mental impairments on the conventional (Mattis dementia) clinical rating scale and in neuropsychological tests.
Motions of Propelling a Wheelchair Based on the Movement Function of People with Spinal Cord Injury (2019)

Some persons with spinal injuries use manual or electric wheelchairs to allow them to move independently. Their body shape and body function tends to be changed due to their disability. The purpose of this study was to assist in the development of functional and fashionable clothes that can encourage social participation of persons with disabilities. Here, we evaluated the comfort level of such clothes when using wheelchair by using a dummy robot. First, the motion of propelling a wheelchair and the body function, such as range of motion and manual muscle test, of persons with spinal cord injuries were evaluated, and the motion patterns were classified. Next, the average motion patterns were generated for a dummy robot based on the measurement results. While the dummy robot performed the motions of propelling a wheelchair, the forces acting on the arm were measured and used to evaluate the potential comfort of the functional clothing.