gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Age-Related Macular Degeneration Is the Leading Cause of Blindness . . . (2004)

ObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence and distribution of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in the United States by age, race/ethnicity, and gender.MethodsSummary prevalence estimates of drusen 125 µm or larger, neovascular AMD, and geographic atrophy were prepared separately for black and white persons in 5-year age intervals starting at 40 years. The estimated rates were based on a meta-analysis of recent population-based studies in the United States, Australia, and Europe. These rates were applied to 2000 US Census data and to projected US population figures for 2020 to estimate the number of the US population with drusen and AMD.ResultsThe overall prevalence of neovascular AMD and/or geographic atrophy in the US population 40 years and older is estimated to be 1.47% (95% confidence interval,1.38%-1.55%), with 1.75 million citizens having AMD. The prevalence of AMD increased dramatically with age, with more than 15% of the white women older than 80 years having neovascular AMD and/or geographic atrophy. More than 7 million individuals had drusen measuring 125 µm or larger and were, therefore, at substantial risk of developing AMD. Owing to the rapidly aging population, the number of persons having AMD will increase by 50% to 2.95 million in 2020. Age-related macular degeneration was far more prevalent among white than among black persons.ConclusionAge-related macular degeneration affects more than 1.75 million individuals in the United States. Owing to the rapid aging of the US population, this number will increase to almost 3 million by 2020.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Entry to the Pyrroloquinoline Core of Martinella Alkaloids via Novel Base‐Catalyzed Mukaiyama—Mannich Reaction. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Effect of Elevation of Intraluminal Pressure on Renal Vascular Resistance (1956)

Elevation of renal venous pressure in pentobarbitalized laparotomized dogs elicits renal vascular constriction. Part of the vasoconstriction appears to be dependent upon a venous-arteriolar reflex. The reflex pathway is not distributed locally. A portion of the vasoconstriction is dependent upon still unrecognized local factors.
Examining the Return on Investment of a Security Information and Event Management Solution in a Notional Department of Defense Network Environment (2013)

Sophisticated cyber threats represent a significant adversary in the evolving world of the cyber domain. Furthermore, determining whether or not an attack has taken place and the extent of the damage caused requires significant resources. In order to guarantee reliable detection, prevention and mitigation of these advanced threats, the Department of Defense (DoD) must invest in advanced information security technologies that increase the defensive capabilities of its information networks. This thesis focuses on Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) systems as an enabling technology that possesses the advanced security capabilities required to address sophisticated, evolving cyber threats. The research explores the capabilities of this technology in terms of the speed of detection, depth of investigative power, and additional value provided. Additionally, this research attempts to quantify the return on investment that a SIEM solution could provide when deployed in a notional DoD network architecture. Ultimately, the research provided in this thesis endeavors to justify DoD investment in SIEM technology. The focus of this research revolves around a qualitative description of the inherent capabilities of SIEM products and utilizes several Return on Security Investment models in an attempt to quantitatively define the value of these capabilities in a DoD network.
The Why and How of Liturgical Theology: Dissecting a Method (2023)

Liturgical theology is a relatively new sub-discipline of theology. Despite many efforts, clarity is still lacking in both its purpose and methodology. In this study, the liturgical-theological method of luminary Kevin W. Irwin is dissected, diagrammed, and evaluated in direct response to recent calls in the academy for clarity in liturgical-theological method; the study also contributes to the ongoing conversation as to what liturgical theology is, why it matters, and how it is to be undertaken.
Online Integration of DNN-Based and Spatial Clustering-Based Mask Estimation for Robust MVDR Beamforming (2018)

This paper discusses the online estimation of time- frequency masks, which enables us to perform mask-based beamforming by online processing for robust automatic speech recognition (ASR). Two approaches to online mask estimation have been separately developed for this purpose. One is based on a deep neural network (DNN), which exploits the spectral features of the signal. The other is based on spatial clustering (SC), which exploits the spatial features of the signal. This paper proposes a new method that integrates the two online estimation approaches to further improve online mask estimation by exploiting the advantages of both approaches. Experiments using the real data of the CHiME-3 multichannel noisy speech corpus show that the proposed method greatly outperforms the conventional approaches in terms of improving the word error rate (WER).
The experience of gambling problems in British professional footballers: a preliminary qualitative study (2016)

Media reports suggest high rates of gambling amongst professional footballers but little is known about how footballers develop and then seek help for gambling problems. Here, we report the findings of in-depth, qualitative interviews with 11 British professional footballers who had, or who were, being treated for gambling problems at a residential clinic. These individuals experienced gambling as a highly salient feature of life as a professional football player in UK professional leagues. Often gambling began as part of social networks of young players, but then progressed to gambling problematically in isolation. Factors that facilitated this transition included structural aspects of professional football as an occupation (e.g. high salaries, spare time, gambling as a shared leisure pursuit) as well as the competitive and emotional challenges of the game (e.g. loss of form, injury or contract release and their effects upon mood). Seeking help was delayed by a reluctance to disclose problems to peers and club managers, but facilitated by recommendations from other players with similar experiences.
Self-Diffusion and Structure in Molten Group II Chlorides1 (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelf-Diffusion and Structure in Molten Group II Chlorides1J. O'M. Bockris, S. R. Richards, and L. NanisCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1965, 69, 5, 1627–1637Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100889a031https://doi.org/10.1021/j100889a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views285Altmetric-Citations73LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Chemical Oxygenation of Pancreatic Tissue Prior to Islet Isolation and Transplantation (2012)

Islet transplantation has been established as a promising treatment for patients suffering from life-threatening hypoglycemic episodes (Shapiro et al., 2000, Shapiro et al., 2006). Apart from the achievement of insulin independence, islet transplantation has been shown to improve metabolic control (Meyer et al., 1998), renal and cardiovascular function (Fiorina et al., 2003a, Fiorina et al., 2003b) and to ameliorate the progression of diabetic complications such as retinopathy (Thompson et al., 2008, Warnock et al., 2008). With regard to long-term posttransplant outcome islet transplantation alone has now reached equivalent function rates when compared to pancreas transplantation alone (Bellin et al., 2008, Vantyghem et al., 2009, Maffi et al., 2011). However, the broad application of this treatment on diabetic patients is limited with respect to the number of suitable islet preparations required to induce long-term insulin independence in recipients of islet allografts (Guignard et al., 2004, Kempf et al., 2005).
Solvent Effects in the Base-Catalyzed Oxidation of Mercaptans with Molecular Oxygen1 (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolvent Effects in the Base-Catalyzed Oxidation of Mercaptans with Molecular Oxygen1Thomas J. Wallace and Alan SchriesheimCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1962, 27, 5, 1514–1516Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01052a005https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01052a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views497Altmetric-Citations65LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Predictable dynamic program of timing of DNA replication in human cells (2009)

The organization of mammalian DNA replication is poorly understood. We have produced high-resolution dynamic maps of the timing of replication in human erythroid, mesenchymal, and embryonic stem (ES) cells using TimEX, a method that relies on gaussian convolution of massive, highly redundant determinations of DNA copy-number variations during S phase to produce replication timing profiles. We first obtained timing maps of 3% of the genome using high-density oligonucleotide tiling arrays and then extended the TimEX method genome-wide using massively parallel sequencing. We show that in untransformed human cells, timing of replication is highly regulated and highly synchronous, and that many genomic segments are replicated in temporal transition regions devoid of initiation, where replication forks progress unidirectionally from origins that can be hundreds of kilobases away. Absence of initiation in one transition region is shown at the molecular level by single molecule analysis of replicated DNA (SMARD). Comparison of ES and erythroid cells replication patterns revealed that these cells replicate about 20% of their genome in different quarters of S phase. Importantly, we detected a strong inverse relationship between timing of replication and distance to the closest expressed gene. This relationship can be used to predict tissue-specific timing of replication profiles from expression data and genomic annotations. We also provide evidence that early origins of replication are preferentially located near highly expressed genes, that mid-firing origins are located near moderately expressed genes, and that late-firing origins are located far from genes.
Synthesis, Spectroscopy, and Cytotoxicity of Glycosylated Acetogenin Derivatives as Promising Molecules for Cancer Therapy (2000)

Several glycosyl derivatives of squamocin (1) have been synthesized by glycosylation under Lewis acid catalysis with two different 1-O-acetyl sugars. Separation of these compounds has been achieved by HPLC and centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC). A detailed NMR, ESIMS, and LSIMS study allowed complete structural elucidations. The cytotoxic activity of the glycosyl derivatives was investigated and compared with that of squamocin and dihydrosquamocin against human epidermoid carcinoma cells (KB), African green monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops) kidney epithelial cells (VERO), and mouse lymphocytic leukemia cells (L1210). The antiproliferative effects of some derivatives were studied on cell cycles in mouse lymphocytic leukemia cells (L1210).
Control of Epinephrine Synthesis in the Adrenal Medulla by the Adrenal Cortex: Hormonal Specificity and Dose-Response Characteristics (1966)

Hypophysectomy in the rat is followed by a decline in the activity of phenylethanolamine- N-methyl transferase (PNMT), the adrenal medullary enzyme which synthesizes epinephrine. This decline, as well as the consequent fall in adrenal epinephrine content, can be corrected by treatment with ACTH. The PNMT activity of hypophysectomized rats is also elevated by glucocorticoids, but is unaffected by FSH, LH, prolactin, TSH, growth hormone, estrogen, or testosterone. The doses of ACTH required to restore epinephrine biosynthesis are of the same order of magnitude as those needed to maintain adrenal weight. However, the doses of exogenous glucocorticoid needed for this effect are at least 100-fold greater than the usual steroid “replacement doses.” A dose of ACTH which is equally effective with a given amount of hydrocortisone in depressing splenic weight is much more effective in restoring PNMT activity. Since the action of ACTH on the epinephrineforming enzyme is known to be mediated by its stimulation of glucocorticoid secretion, these data suggest that the location of the adrenal medulla within the cortex, and the delivery to the medulla of venous blood which has already perfused the cortex, might provide important natural mechanisms for stimulating epinephrine biosynthesis. (Endocrinology79: 608, 1966)
Myosin II Tailpiece Determines Its Paracrystal Structure, Filament Assembly Properties, and Cellular Localization (2009)

Non muscle myosin II (NMII) is a major motor protein present in all cell types. The three known vertebrate NMII isoforms share high sequence homology but play different cellular roles. The main difference in sequence resides in the C-terminal non-helical tailpiece (tailpiece). In this study we demonstrate that the tailpiece is crucial for proper filament size, overcoming the intrinsic properties of the coiled-coil rod. Furthermore, we show that the tailpiece by itself determines the NMII filament structure in an isoform-specific manner, thus providing a possible mechanism by which each NMII isoform carries out its unique cellular functions. We further show that the tailpiece determines the cellular localization of NMII-A and NMII-B and is important for NMII-C role in focal adhesion complexes. We mapped NMII-C sites phosphorylated by protein kinase C and casein kinase II and showed that these phosphorylations affect its solubility properties and cellular localization. Thus phosphorylation fine-tunes the tailpiece effects on the coiled-coil rod, enabling dynamic regulation of NMII-C assembly. We thus show that the small tailpiece of NMII is a distinct domain playing a role in isoform-specific filament assembly and cellular functions.
Obesity decreases B cell responses in young and elderly individuals (2016)

These results demonstrate that leptin can be responsible for decreased B cell function in obesity.
Comparison of Umbilical Installation Analysis Using Two Irregular Wave Spectra (2010)

Umbilicals are widely used to provide monitoring and control functions for distant satellite wellheads in subsea developments. Detailed analysis is required to predict the behavior of the umbilical during the installation process. Finite Element Analysis is performed to determine the limiting operational sea-state for the installation operations. This paper presents work carried out with Acergy Norway AS, comparing two irregular wave spectra that are commonly used for installation analysis in the North Sea. The purpose of the study is to select the most suitable method for the installation analysis with respect to different types of installation operations. Selection is carried out based on several limiting criteria, including top tension, compression, minimum bending radius and the tension at the touchdown point. The JONSWAP spectrum and Torsethaugen spectrum are used to model the physical environment of the North Sea. Both of these spectra are especially designed for North Sea environment. The JONSWAP spectrum represents the fetch-limited (or coastal) wind generated seas, meanwhile the Torsethaugen spectrum represents the wave conditions in open ocean areas where the waves are dominated not only by local wind seas but are also exposed to swells (Torsethaugen and Haver, 2004). Two types of installation operations are selected for this work, which are the “buoyancy overboarding” for dynamic umbilical installation analysis and “normal lay” for static umbilical installation analysis. The analysis shows that the Torsethaugen spectrum generates higher tension forces compared to the JONSWAP spectrum. On the other hand, the JONSWAP spectrum generates higher compression and lower bending radius. However, the differences between the results using these two spectra are not large. This is due to the limited wave height and period applicable for installation operations. This work only covers wave height of Hs = 2.5–4.0 m and wave period of Tp = 6–14 s. The selection of these low conditions is based on typical sea states for installation operation (without consideration of survival conditions). Since there is only small variation on the results from the two spectra, both JONSWAP and Torstehaugen spectra are considered suitable for analysis of installation operations. It is further noted that although the Torstehaugen spectra will often provide a more realistic representation of the physical environment, forecast or measured weather data is rarely presented in this form, therefore the JONSWAP or other single peak spectra must be used for decision making offshore. This study has validated that for the range of condition studied, this is an acceptable approach. The conclusion from this study is only applicable for low sea-states and without considering effects from different direction of wind seas and swells components in the Torsethaugen spectrum. Therefore further work is required to fully asses the impact of directionality between the wave components and the impact of higher sea states which are applicable to survival conditions.
Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease (2022)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia, accounting for 60% to 80% of all cases [...].
Fine‐needle aspiration biopsy of liver masses: Diagnostic value and reproducibility of cytological criteria (2001)

There are many helpful cytological criteria for the diagnosis of liver fine-needle aspiration biopsies (FNABs), but none of them are pathognomonic of primary or metastatic tumors. We analyzed the diagnostic value and reproducibility of 28 cytological parameters in FNABs from 140 hepatic masses, including 29 benign lesions, 49 hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), and 62 metastatic tumors, encompassing 48 adenocarcinomas (ACAs). Five different observers evaluated each sample, and the interobserver and intraobserver agreement was studied. Multivariable analysis showed that the criteria more closely associated with malignancy were irregular nuclear contour, three-dimensional cell groups, and atypical naked nuclei. Capillaries separating tumor cells and granular cytoplasm were strongly associated with HCCs, while eccentrically placed nuclei and necrosis were most commonly seen in ACAs and in metastatic tumors. The intraobserver and interobserver agreement was excellent for the final cytological diagnosis, and there was fair to very good interobserver agreement for 22 of the 28 criteria studied. Architectural features were less reproducible than pure cytological criteria. Intraobserver variability was not influenced by the years of experience in the field. A precise and strict definition of terminology rendered a better reproducibility of the cytological criteria.
Motion artifact suppression in full-field optical coherence tomography (2010)

Significant motion artifacts limit the performance of conventional full-field optical coherence tomography (FF-OCT) for in-vivo imaging. We present a theoretical and experimental study of those limitations. A new FF-OCT system suppressing most of artifacts due to sample motions is demonstrated using instantaneous phase shifting with nonpolarizing optics and pulsed illumination. The experimental setup is based on a Linnik-type interferometer illuminated by the superluminescence emission from a Ti:Al(2)O(3) waveguide crystal. En face tomographic images are calculated as a combination of two phase-opposed interferometric images acquired simultaneously by two CCD cameras placed at both outputs of the interferometer, with a spatial resolution of 0.8 microm x 1.6 microm (axial x transverse) and a detection sensitivity of approximately 60 dB.
Prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis and serum cholesterol levels in eastern Finland. (1988)

We investigated the prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis and its association with serum lipoprotein cholesterol fractions in 412 Eastern Finnish men ages 42, 48, 54, or 60 years who were examined between February and December 1987 in the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study. Carotid atherosclerosis was assessed with high-resolution B-mode ultrasonography. Of the participants, 37% had thickening of the intimal or medial layer of the arterial wall, 10% had plaques, 2% had stenosis in the right or left common carotid artery or in the carotid bifurcation, and only 51% were free of any detectable carotid atherosclerosis. The prevalence of atherosclerosis was 14.1%, 32.0%, 67.7%, and 81.9% in the four age groups, respectively. The mean age-adjusted serum low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentration was 3.67 mmol/l (142 mg/dl) in men free of carotid atherosclerosis and 4.02 mmol/l (155 mg/dl) in those with at least intimal thickening (p = 0.003 for difference). The mean age-adjusted serum cholesterol concentration in the high density lipoprotein (HDL) fraction was 1.34 mmol/l (52 mg/dl) in the atherosclerosis-free and 1.27 mmol/l (49 mg/dl) in the atherosclerotic men (p = 0.029 for difference). There was a similar difference in both the serum HDL2 and the HDL3 cholesterol levels. Serum LDL and HDL (inverse) cholesterol were significant determinants of severity of carotid atherosclerosis in a multivariate regression model adjusting for age, obesity, plasma fibrinogen, cigarette-years, and duration of hypertension. Our data reveal the high prevalence of atherosclerosis in middle-aged Eastern Finnish men and provide further evidence of the roles of LDL and HDL cholesterol in atherosclerosis.