gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the Role Played By Catalytic Metallic Additives on TiO2 for the Photoreduction of CO2 (2014)

In photocatalytic processes, it is not only need to generate an electron-hole pair, but the electronic transfer must be efficient in the reaction process, involving multi-electronic redox reactions, occurring at the near vicinity at the surface of the semiconductor. All these factors need the surface engineering of the semiconductor to increase the overall efficiency of the process. The surface properties of TiO 2 can be modified by the addition of some elements which give rise to a local lattice modification, introduce new potential catalysts issues and alter or vary the composition and bond ending of the last two nanometers layer being it essential and outstanding for the final photocatalytic properties. In this contribution, we will present a comparative analysis among different potential additives such as magnesium, indium. More detailed surface analysis techniques have revealed significant changes at the outer part of the TiO 2 material. XPS spectra, especially at the energy zone of oxygen and titanium, and corresponding to the last two nanometers, show significant evolution of the different detected bonds as the concentration of the additives is increased. All these data have been correlated with the photocatalytic behavior for CO 2 reduction as a function of the additive concentration below the limit of their solubility for avoiding segregation effects. A correlation between Ti +3 and adsorbed molecular oxygen concentration found in these outer layers will be discussed as well as their correlation with the total productivity rate, considering all the effective photogenerated electrons for the reduction of CO 2 from the GC analysis of the products obtained, including CO, CH 4 and C 2 hydrocarbons. These findings confirm that the benefit introduced by the catalytic additive is mostly related to the “surface quality” and how it is lost as the concentration of additive is increased. Likewise, it is determined that the overall productivity is kinetically limited by a four-hole chemistry of the water oxidation reaction, like in the photoactivated water splitting process. Nevertheless, in spite of these limitative issues, significant increases, a factor of 3 o 4, can be achieved in the productivity of reduced CO 2 if the concentration do not overcome some limits whereas the selectivity of the products becomes determined by the nature of the additive.
Investigation and modeling of cyclic aging using a design of experiment with automotive grade lithium-ion cells (2021)

60 large format automotive grade lithium-ion pouch cells with graphite/NMC chemistry are tested following a design of experiment (DoE) approach. Realistic driving profiles resembling a plugin-hybrid electric vehicle are used with variation of five aging factors: temperature, maximum and minimum state of charge, charging power, and the ratio of charge depleting vs. charge sustaining cycling.Capacity fade is cleaned from calendar aging and multivariate stepwise linear regression is used to parameterize an empirical model of cyclic capacity fade.Temperature and the ratio between charge depleting and charge sustaining cycling show the biggest impact on cyclic aging, whereas charging power has little effect in the chosen range of aging conditions.
Can we learn to be kinder? (1990)

1Senior Associate, Joint Implant Surgeons, Inc, Clinical Assistant Professor, Orthopaedic Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine; Chairman, Section of Joint Implant Surgery, Grant Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio 2Volunteer, Medical Humanities Program, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
Incorporating Ethical Considerations Into Automated Vehicle Control (2016)

Not only do automated vehicles need to meet specifications for technical performance, they also need to satisfy the societal expectations for behavior in traffic with humans. Societal expectations, such as accident avoidance and adherence to traffic laws, have their foundation in core moral issues found in philosophy and ethics. Thus, engineers designing control algorithms for automated vehicles can benefit from applying principles and frameworks from philosophy to drive design decisions. In particular, we use a set of ethical frameworks to map design decisions for a model predictive control problem to philosophical principles. Deontology, a rule-based ethical framework, motivates the development of constraints on the system. Consequentialism, a cost-based ethical framework, motivates the construction of the objective function. The choice of weights is guided by the concepts of virtue ethics and role morality to determine behavior for different types of vehicles. The strong link between ethical principles and actual vehicle behavior developed through this approach is demonstrated experimentally by implementing alternative design choices on a test vehicle in a simple driving scenario.
Multilayer Film Elements for Clinical Analysis: General Concepts (1978)

Abstract vol. 24 p 1335. In this paper, the equation, p 1340, relating Dt to Dr after integration should read See Equation in the PDF File In Table 3, the concentration units are mg/liter, not g/liter, and the day-to-day SD in glucose concentration at 999 mg/liter glucose is 15.1 mg/liter, not 1.51 mg/liter. In Table 4, p 1341, the concentration of Hypaque is expressed in mg iodine/L (mg I/L). p 1343. Table 3 was inadvertently omitted from this paper. It is as follows. See Table in the PDF File The table numbers for Tables 3–6 in the paper as printed should each be increased by one. p 1627. In Table 6, the numbers in the first line should read 580, 2260, 2210, and +50. The "+50" in the second line should be deleted.
Leistung (2004)

Im Folgenden soll eine erste operative (im Gegensatz zur kausalen) Verknüpfung zwischen Bewegung und Kräften eingeführt werden. Aus dem Skalarprodukt der Kraft mit der Geschwindigkeit ihres materiellen Angriffspunktes ergibt sich eine skalare Größe, die Leistung, welche die „Wirkung“ der Kräfte an bewegten Körpern physikalisch sinnvoll zu charakterisieren vermag.
Induction Mechanism of Heme Oxygenase-1 and Anti-inflammatory Activity by Agaro-oligosaccharides (2010)

寒天の主成分であるアガロースは酸により容易に加水分解され還元末端にAh-Galを持つアガロオリゴ糖が生成する．アガロオリゴ糖はヘムオキシゲナーゼ-1の誘導を介して抗炎症作用を発揮することが示唆されている．今回，我々はアガロオリゴ糖の抗炎症作用をさらに解析するために，アガロオリゴ糖によるヘムオキシゲナーゼ-1誘導が転写因子Nrf2を介するかどうか，またLPS刺激NF-κBの活性化をアガロオリゴ糖が抑制するかどうか，またその時のヘムオキシゲナーゼ-1の関与について試験した．アガロオリゴ糖はその鎖長によらずヘムオキシゲナーゼ-1産生を誘導した．また，RAW264.7細胞においてsiRNAを高効率低毒性で導入できる試験系において，Nrf2 siRNA遺伝子をノックダウンしたときにアガロビオースによるヘムオキシゲナーゼ-1遺伝子発現誘導が抑制されることが確認され，Nrf2の関与が示された．また，LPS刺激NF-κBの活性化をアガロビオースはある程度抑制したが，この効果はHO-1 siRNAによってヘムオキシゲナーゼ-1遺伝子をノックダウンしても影響がなかった．以上の結果から，アガロオリゴ糖はNrf2の活性化によりヘムオキシゲナーゼ-1遺伝子発現を誘導するが，一方でこのヘムオキシゲナーゼ-1遺伝子発現誘導非依存的にNF-κBの活性化を部分的に抑制し，抗炎症作用を発揮することが示唆された．
Long wavelength (1.3 and 1.5 μm) photoluminescence from InGaAs/GaPAsSb quantum wells grown on GaAs (1999)

Room temperature photoluminescence at wavelengths between 1.2 and 1.5 μm has been observed in samples consisting of InGaAs/GaPAsSb quantum well structures grown on GaAs. The emission wavelength is varied primarily by changing the composition within the GaPAsSb layer. It is proposed that such long wavelength emission results from a spatially indirect interband transition in the type-II quantum wells where the electron and hole wave functions have large spatial overlap.
Characterization of a Novel 350-Kilodalton Nuclear Phosphoprotein That Is Specifically Involved in Mitotic-Phase Progression (1995)

A gene assigned to human chromosome 1q32-41 encodes a novel protein of 3,113 amino acids containing an internal tandem repeat of 177 amino acids. The protein, which we have named "mitosin," was identified by direct binding to purified retinoblastoma protein in vitro with a region distantly related to the retinoblastoma protein-binding site of E2F-1. Mitosin is expressed throughout S, G2, and M phases of the cell cycle but is absent in G1. Its localization is dramatically reorganized from a rather homogeneous nuclear distribution in S phase to paired dots at the kinetochore/centromere region, to the spindle apparatus, and then to the midbody during M-phase progression. This spatial reorganization coincides closely with the temporal phosphorylation patterns of mitosin. Overexpression of N-terminally truncated mutants blocks cell cycle progression mainly at G2/M. These results suggest that mitosin may play an important role in mitotic-phase progression.
Design Considerations for a Steerable Needle Robot to Maximize Reachable Lung Volume (2021)

Steerable needles that are able to follow curvilinear trajectories and steer around anatomical obstacles are a promising solution for many interventional procedures. In the lung, these needles can be deployed from the tip of a conventional bronchoscope to reach lung lesions for diagnosis. The reach of such a device depends on several design parameters including the bronchoscope diameter, the angle of the piercing device relative to the medial axis of the airway, and the needle's minimum radius of curvature while steering. Assessing the effect of these parameters on the overall system's clinical utility is important in informing future design choices and understanding the capabilities and limitations of the system. In this paper, we analyze the effect of various settings for these three robot parameters on the percentage of the lung that the robot can reach. We combine Monte Carlo random sampling of piercing configurations with a Rapidly-exploring Random Trees based steerable needle motion planner in simulated human lung environments to asymptotically accurately estimate the volume of sites in the lung reachable by the robot. We highlight the importance of each parameter on the overall system's reachable workspace in an effort to motivate future device innovation and highlight design trade-offs.
Transcriptional regulation of human DNA repair genes following genotoxic stress: trigger mechanisms, inducible responses and genotoxic adaptation (2013)

DNA repair is the first barrier in the defense against genotoxic stress. In recent years, mechanisms that recognize DNA damage and activate DNA repair functions through transcriptional upregulation and post-translational modification were the focus of intensive research. Most DNA repair pathways are complex, involving many proteins working in discrete consecutive steps. Therefore, their balanced expression is important for avoiding erroneous repair that might result from excessive base removal and DNA cleavage. Amelioration of DNA repair requires both a fine-tuned system of lesion recognition and transcription factors that regulate repair genes in a balanced way. Transcriptional upregulation of DNA repair genes by genotoxic stress is counteracted by DNA damage that blocks transcription. Therefore, induction of DNA repair resulting in an adaptive response is only visible through a narrow window of dose. Here, we review transcriptional regulation of DNA repair genes in normal and cancer cells and describe mechanisms of promoter activation following genotoxic exposures through environmental carcinogens and anticancer drugs. The data available to date indicate that 25 DNA repair genes are subject to regulation following genotoxic stress in rodent and human cells, but for only a few of them, the data are solid as to the mechanism, homeostatic regulation and involvement in an adaptive response to genotoxic stress.
Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Oil Retention in a Carbon Dioxide Air-Conditioning System (2003)

Photosensitization is a process in which the skin reacts to exposure to ultraviolet radiations. There are various associated dermatological consequences like photoxicity and photoallergic reactions which make the disease more complicated. There are various drugs which together with solar radiations worsen the situation of photosensitivity and hence termed as photosensitizers. The developments on the use of phytoconstituents from the herbal extract is the ardent need for fighting against the deleterious photosensitization reactions. This review attempts to highlight the problems of photosensitivity its pathological manifestation with the approach to treat them naturally with the help of skin rejuvenating herbs.
Effect of Storage on the Properties of Acetylsalicylic acid Tablets Coated with Aqueous Hydroxypropyl Methyl-Cellulose Dispersion (1985)

The objective of this study was to investigate whether the properties of acetylsalicylic acid tablets coated with aqueous hydroxypropyl methylcellulose dispersion using glycerol or polyethylene glycol 6000 as plasticizer change during storage at 25° or 40°C. Titanium dioxide was used as pigment. The tablets were coated in a fluid bed apparatus. The disintegration time and the release of acetylsalicylic acid during two hours were determined for both uncoated and coated tablets immediately after their preparation and after different storage periods.When the tablets were stored at room temperature (25°C) the coat protected the core efficiently against changes in the measured parameters as compared with uncoated tablets. However, at higher temperature (40°C) some unfavorable phenomena occurred in the coat and after storage of 48 months, the disintegration time was longer and the dissolution of acetylsalicylic acid slower than from uncoated tablets. Polyethylene glycol was found to be a better protecting agent than glycerol.
The History and Current Status of Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (1966)

This paper is concerned with the development of Fourier transform spectroscopy from its beginnings in Michelson's visibility technique through the present day application using modern digital computers. Methods used in maximizing the efficiency of the computation, as well as the interferometer, are discussed. Means of finding the Fourier transform other than by digital computer are mentioned, and currently available commercial instruments are named.
Single mode stimulated emission from prismlike gallium nitride submicron cavities (2007)

The authors report single mode stimulated emission from optical pumping of prismlike gallium nitride (GaN) with a side length of 0.75μm. The cavities were formed by reaction-rate-limited photoetching that preserved the nonpolar {101¯0} or {112¯0} facets. They were characterized by an average quality factor above 103 and an equivalent facet reflectivity exceeding 98%, which allowed field amplification by repeated internal reflections in the transverse plane and field polarization along the c axis. Slight spectral blueshift (0.35nm) and narrowing in linewidth (∼0.4nm) were observed with increase of pump intensity. These observations manifested resonant coupling of the band edge emission to a single mode of the prismlike GaN cavity.
Invalid state identification for sequential circuit test generation (2002)

For sequential circuit test pattern generation, the information on invalid states will help greatly on backward justification to reduce the test generation time. This paper proposes three algorithms to find invalid states for sequential circuit test generation. The first two algorithms search the complete set of invalid states by exploring all valid states and reachable states respectively. The first algorithm is efficient for circuits having more invalid states than valid states while the second algorithm is efficient for circuits having more valid states than invalid states. The third algorithm searches only the invalid states that are required for test generation to stop justification early. Experimental results on ISCAS benchmark circuits show that the algorithm can identify invalid states in short time and can help improve test generation significantly in the fault coverage, detection efficiency, and generation time.
Lamp versus Laser Photolysis of a Bichromophoric Dichloroalkane:  Chemical Evidence for the Two-Photon Generation of the 1,5-Diphenylpentanediyl Biradical (1996)

Low intensity (lamp) photolysis of 1,5-dichloro-1,5-diphenylpentane (1) leads to the formation of the 1-chloro-1,5-diphenylpentyl radical (7) through C-Cl bond cleavage. Radical 7 leads to the final products through typical free radical reactions. No cyclopentanes are formed under low intensity conditions. In contrast, high intensity laser irradiation leads to C-Cl photocleavage of radical 7 to yield the 1,5-diphenylpentanediyl biradical (11), which results in the formation of isomeric cis- and trans-1,2-diphenylcyclopentanes; the behavior of these biradicals agrees well with that observed when their precursor is 2,6-diphenylcyclohexanone. Two-color two-laser experiments suggest that both singlet and triplet biradicals are formed, even if only the latter are detectable with nanosecond techniques.
Metal–ligand cooperation by aromatization–dearomatization as a tool in single bond activation (2015)

Metal-ligand cooperation (MLC) plays an important role in bond activation processes, enabling many chemical and biological catalytic reactions. A recent new mode of activation of chemical bonds involves ligand aromatization-dearomatization processes in pyridine-based pincer complexes in which chemical bonds are broken reversibly across the metal centre and the pincer-ligand arm, leading to new bond-making and -breaking processes, and new catalysis. In this short review, such processes are briefly exemplified in the activation of C-H, H-H, O-H, N-H and B-H bonds, and mechanistic insight is provided. This new bond activation mode has led to the development of various catalytic reactions, mainly based on alcohols and amines, and to a stepwise approach to thermal H2 and light-induced O2 liberation from water.
Single trajectory transport coefficients and the energy landscape by molecular dynamics simulations (2020)

The Green-Kubo (GK) method is widely used to calculate the transport coefficients of model liquids by Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation. A reformulation of GK was proposed by Heyes et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 150, 174504 (2019)], which expressed the shear viscosity in terms of a probability distribution function (PDF) of "single trajectory (ST) viscosities," called "viscuits." This approach is extended here to the bulk viscosity, thermal conductivity, and diffusion coefficient. The PDFs of the four STs expressed in terms of their standard deviations (calculated separately for the positive and negative sides) are shown by MD to be statistically the same for the Lennard-Jones fluid. This PDF can be represented well by a sum of exponentials and is independent of system size and state point in the equilibrium fluid regime. The PDF is not well reproduced by a stochastic model. The PDF is statistically the same as that derived from the potential energy, u, and other thermodynamic quantities, indicating that the transport coefficients are determined quantitatively by and follow closely the time evolution of the underlying energy landscape. The PDFs of out-of-equilibrium supercooled high density states are quite different from those of the equilibrium states.
Development of E-textile electrodes: washability and mechanical stresses (2020)

Abstract E-textile, as a growing field in the current era, gained a lot of attention and currently, some tremendous outcomes of these fields can be seen. They are being used in specific functional requirements depending on application types in various fields including medicals, military, safety and leisure, etc. E-textile structures can contain various elements including wearable motherboards, sensors, electrodes, antennas, actuators, and power sources. These components are integrated with available textile materials according to their usage requirements. For the use of e-textiles in daily life and to make them popular with consumers, these products must be reliable and reusable for a prolonged time. The e-textile market has developed rapidly in the past few years especially in the applications of wireless communication, monitoring, gaming, and data collection. Among these applications, products related to health monitoring gained attraction due to their importance in diagnosing the real-time health problems of the customers. The current study is focused on wearable ECG electrodes to make them reliable and washable. Embroidered electrodes are prepared and washed multiple times to check the washing impact on ECG signals performance. Available mechanical tests are performed to predict equivalent damage as during washing. Hence these predictions, in the coming future, can be used to check, analyse and predict the washability of e-textile prototypes at different stages of manufacturing without actually washing of samples for a multiple numbers of wash cycles.
Correction to: The androgen receptor/filamin A complex as a target in prostate cancer microenvironment (2021)

A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41419-021-03483-4
Anxiety and Social Explanation: Some Anxieties about Anxiety (1999)

Journal Article Anxiety and Social Explanation: Some Anxieties about Anxiety Get access Alan Hunt Alan Hunt Carleton University, Departments of Law and Sociology Carleton UniversityOttawa K1S 5B6Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Social History, Volume 32, Issue 3, Spring 1999, Pages 509–528, https://doi.org/10.1353/jsh/32.3.509 Published: 01 March 1999
Kinetics of reduction by free flavin semiquinones of the components of the cytochrome c-cytochrome c peroxidase complex and intracomplex electron transfer (1987)

The kinetics of reduction by free flavin semiquinones of the individual components of 1:1 complexes of yeast ferric and ferryl cytochrome c peroxidase and the cytochromes c of horse, tuna, and yeast (iso-2) have been studied. Complex formation decreases the rate constant for reduction of ferric peroxidase by 44%. On the basis of a computer model of the complex structure [Poulos, T.L., & Finzel, B.C. (1984) Pept. Protein Rev. 4, 115-171], this decrease cannot be accounted for by steric effects and suggests a decrease in the dynamic motions of the peroxidase at the peroxide access channel caused by complexation. The orientations of the three cytochromes within the complex are not equivalent. This is shown by differential decreases in the rate constants for reduction by neutral flavin semiquinones upon complexation, which are in the order tuna much greater than horse greater than yeast iso-2. Further support for differences in orientation is provided by the observation that, with the negatively charged reductant FMNH., the electrostatic environments near the horse and tuna cytochrome c electron-transfer sites within their respective complexes with peroxidase are of opposite sign. For the horse and tuna cytochrome c complexes, we have also observed nonlinear concentration dependencies of the reduction rate constants with FMNH.. This is interpreted in terms of dynamic motion at the protein-protein interface. We have directly measured the physiologically significant intra-complex one electron transfer rate constants from the three ferrous cytochromes c to the peroxide-oxidized species of the peroxidase. At low ionic strength these rate constants are 920, 730, and 150 s-1 for tuna, horse, and yeast cytochromes c, respectively. These results are also consistent with the contention that the orientations of the three cytochromes within the complex with CcP are not the same. The effect on the intracomplex electron-transfer rate constant of the peroxidase amino acid side chain(s) that is (are) oxidized by the reduction of peroxide was determined to be relatively small. Thus, the rate constant for reduction by horse cytochrome c of the peroxidase species in which only the heme iron atom is oxidized was decreased by only 38%, indicating that this oxidized side-chain group is not tightly coupled to the ferryl peroxidase heme iron. Finally, it was found that, in the absence of cytochrome c, neither of the ferryl peroxidase species could be rapidly reduced by flavin semiquinones.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)