gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Founding BRCA1 mutations in hereditary breast and ovarian cancer in southern Sweden. (1996)

Nine different germ-line mutations in the BRCA1 breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility gene were identified in 15 of 47 kindreds from southern Sweden, by use of SSCP and heteroduplex analysis of all exons and flanking intron region and by a protein-truncation test for exon 11, followed by direct sequencing. All but one of the mutations are predicted to give rise to premature translation termination and include seven frameshift insertions or deletions, a nonsense mutation, and a splice acceptor site mutation. The remaining mutation is a missense mutation (Cys61Gly) in the zinc-binding motif. Four novel Swedish founding mutations were identified: the nucleotide 2595 deletion A was found in five families, the C 1806 T nonsense mutation in three families, the 3166 insertion TGAGA in three families, and the nucleotide 1201 deletion 11 in two families. Analysis of the intragenic polymorphism D17S855 supports common origins of the mutations. Eleven of the 15 kindreds manifesting BRCA1 mutations were breast-ovarian cancer families, several of them with a predominant ovarian cancer phenotype. The set of 32 families in which no BRCA1 alterations were detected included 1 breast-ovarian cancer kindred manifesting clear linkage to the BRCA1 region and loss of the wild-type chromosome in associated tumors. Other tumor types found in BRCA1 mutation/haplotype carriers included prostatic, pancreas, skin, and lung cancer, a malignant melanoma, an oligodendroglioma, and a carcinosarcoma. In all, 12 of 16 kindreds manifesting BRCA1 mutation or linkage contained ovarian cancer, as compared with only 6 of the remaining 31 families (P<.001). The present study confirms the involvement of BRCA1 in disease predisposition for a subset of hereditary breast cancer families often characterized by ovarian cancers.
O-123. Effects of meiosis-activating sterol (MAS) upon in-vitro maturation and fertilization of oocytes from women with polycystic ovaries (1999)

In addition, early pregnancy loss from biochemical to ultrasound was greater for embryos derived from long-term sperm exposure (P = 0.044; X 2 test).
The principal affordance of publishing texts online: Possible implications for the bibliographic universe model (2013)

In this presentation, I argue for focusing the attention of classification theorists on the implications of what I argue to be the principal affordance of publishing texts online, in contrast to their publication on paper, and that is the capability for an author or creator to update an online text without the text having to be republished as a new physical edition. This affordance is a result of the possibilities provided for by a shift in the materiality of textual carrier from physical to digital. I examine the implications of this capability for the WEMI model and argue that its starting point in terms of online “things” in the bibliographic universe should be modeled more granularly.
Supplemental Table 2 from Prostate MRI: Evaluating Tumor Volume and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient as Surrogate Biomarkers for Predicting Tumor Gleason Score (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Lesion Characteristics.&lt;/p&gt;
V atican II (2011)

Abstract On January 25, 1959 Pope John XXIII announced his intention to summon an ecumenical council 90 years after the conclusion of Vatican I. Unlike previous councils, Vatican II was not convened to fight heresy or to deal with a serious threat to the unity of the church. In an earlier encyclical Ad Petri Cathedram , the pope said that he had church unity at heart and that he hoped that one day other Christians would return and that there would be one fold and one shepherd. The principal aims of the council would be “to promote the growth of the Catholic faith and a salutary renewal of morals among Christian peoples, to bring ecclesiastical discipline up to date, according to the needs of the times.” In June 1960 he established 10 preparatory commissions and 2 secretariats, all responsible to a central commission charged with preparing the agenda. By the following December a total of 728 persons were appointed to the commissions and secretariats, including 48 cardinals, 215 patriarchs, archbishops, and bishops, 217 prelates, 240 priests and religious, and 8 laypeople, some of them in the capacity of periti , or scholars. The remits of the 10 commissions were: (1) theology, (2) bishops and the government of dioceses, (3) discipline of clergy and laity, (4) religious, (5) discipline of sacraments, (6) sacred liturgy, (7) studies and seminaries, (8) Eastern Churches, (9) missions, and (10) apostolate of the laity. The remits of the two secretariats were (1) press, radio, and television and (2) Christian unity. Nearly 71 percent of the members were Europeans.
Adsorption and Immobilization of Penicillin Acylase on Chitosan Beads (2004)

Adsorption of penicillin acylase (PA) from a crude aqueous extract of Escherichia coli on chitosan beads and N-benzamide and N-phenylaeetamide derivatives of chitosan was investigated. Penicillin acylasc adsorbed specifically on the derivatized chitosan beads, with a strong interaction with the ligand groups. The interaction of the active site of PA with the affinity ligands was simulated by molecular modeling. The adsorbent was further used for immobilization of PA by using glutaraldehyde as the activating agent. The immobilized enzyme retained the same activity even after 20 weeks.
A robust object recognition method for soccer robots (2008)

The recognition of colored objects is very important for robot vision in RoboCup Middle Size League competition. Dynamically changing light conditions can cause lots of difficulties to it. This paper describes a robust object recognition method based on our omni-directional vision system for our RoboCup Middle Size League robot-NuBot. The conditional probability density distributions of the YUV values mapping to each color are verified to be Gaussian and the means and variances are obtained by manual calibration. In the image processing, the classifying seeds are selected based on the means and variances, the object regions are grown by the principle that the colors in an object region should be similar, and then the means and variances are updated to adapt to the changing illumination. The experiment results show that the recognition method can be adaptive to light conditions when the illumination is not changed very suddenly and greatly.
Actor-network procedures: Modeling multi-factor authentication, device pairing, social interactions (2011)

As computation spreads from computers to networks of computers, and migrates into cyberspace, it ceases to be globally programmable, but it remains programmable indirectly: network computations cannot be controlled, but they can be steered by local constraints on network nodes. The tasks of "programming" global behaviors through local constraints belong to the area of security. The "program particles" that assure that a system of local interactions leads towards some desired global goals are called security protocols. As computation spreads beyond cyberspace, into physical and social spaces, new security tasks and problems arise. As networks are extended by physical sensors and controllers, including the humans, and interlaced with social networks, the engineering concepts and techniques of computer security blend with the social processes of security. These new connectors for computational and social software require a new "discipline of programming" of global behaviors through local constraints. Since the new discipline seems to be emerging from a combination of established models of security protocols with older methods of procedural programming, we use the name procedures for these new connectors, that generalize protocols. In the present paper we propose actor-networks as a formal model of computation in heterogenous networks of computers, humans and their devices; and we introduce Procedure Derivation Logic (PDL) as a framework for reasoning about security in actor-networks. On the way, we survey the guiding ideas of Protocol Derivation Logic (also PDL) that evolved through our work in security in last 10 years. Both formalisms are geared towards graphic reasoning and tool support. We illustrate their workings by analysing a popular form of two-factor authentication, and a multi-channel device pairing procedure, devised for this occasion.
Inhibitory Effects ofZingiber officinaleRoscoe Derived Components on Aldose Reductase Activity in Vitro and in Vivo (2006)

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) continues to be used as an important cooking spice and herbal medicine around the world. Scientific research has gradually verified the antidiabetic effects of ginger. Especially gingerols, which are the major components of ginger, are known to improve diabetes including the effect of enhancement against insulin-sensitivity. Aldose reductase inhibitors have considerable potential for the treatment of diabetes, without increased risk of hypoglycemia. The assay for aldose reductase inhibitors in ginger led to the isolation of five active compounds including 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethanol (2) and 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethanoic acid (3). Compounds 2 and 3 were good inhibitors of recombinant human aldose reductase, with IC50 values of 19.2 +/- 1.9 and 18.5 +/- 1.1 microM, respectively. Furthermore, these compounds significantly suppressed not only sorbitol accumulation in human erythrocytes but also lens galactitol accumulation in 30% of galactose-fed cataract rat model. A structure-activity relationship study revealed that the applicable side alkyl chain length and the presence of a C3 OCH3 group in the aromatic ring are essential features for enzyme recognition and binding. These results suggested that it would contribute to the protection against or improvement of diabetic complications for a dietary supplement of ginger or its extract containing aldose reductase inhibitors.
Blueback herring respond to brief ultrasonic stimulus sounds (1999)

Captive schools of Blueback Herring (Alosa aestivalis) were subjected to 1-h long treatments of short 118-kHz sounds applied from a piezoelectric transducer submerged outside a vinylized canvas pen that was suspended in Richard B. Russell Reservoir on the Savannah River. In the experiments reported here, the effect on herring distrbution of 3.8-ms long bursts at 13 repetitions/s (5% duty cycle) was compared to the effect of both another 118-kHz sound treatment (with a different duty cycle but the same source level) and a sound-off treatment. Each experiment compared herring distributions in the pen with the three treatments applied in a cross-over design. The experiments lasted six days each with six 1-h treatments per day. All of the several combinations of pulse duration and repetition rate contained the herring near the end of the pen farthest from the sound source but hour-long continuous wave treatments produced only a brief startle response at stimulus onset. [Work supported by U.S. Army Engineer District, Savannah of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.]
Sensory Attenuation of Self-Produced Feedback: The Lombard Effect Revisited (2012)

The Lombard effect describes the automatic and involuntary increase in vocal intensity that speakers exhibit in a noisy environment. Previous studies of the Lombard effect have typically focused on the relationship between speaking and hearing. Automatic and involuntary increases in motor output have also been noted in studies of finger force production, an effect attributed to mechanisms of sensory attenuation. The present study tested the hypothesis that sensory attenuation mechanisms also underlie expression of the Lombard effect. Participants vocalized phonemes in time with a metronome, while auditory and visual feedback of their performance were manipulated or removed during the course of the trial. We demonstrate that providing a visual reference to calibrate somatosensory-based judgments of current vocal intensity resulted in reduced expression of the Lombard effect. Our results suggest that sensory attenuation effects typically seen in fingertip force production play an important role in the control of speech volume.
Isothiocyanates: Translating the Power of Plants to People (2018)

Isothiocyanates from cruciferous vegetables have been studied extensively in cells and in animals for their disease preventive and therapeutic effects. However, translating their utility to human populations has been both limited and challenging. Herein, clinical trials employing two isothiocyanates, sulforaphane (SFN; 1-isothiocyanato-4-(methylsulfinyl) butane) and phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC; 2-isothiocyanatoethylbenzene) that are isolated principally from broccoli and watercress, respectively, are summarized and discussed. Both of these compounds have been used in small human clinical trials, either within food matrices or as single agents, against a variety of diseases ranging from cancer to autism. Results suggest an opportunity to incorporate them, or more likely preparations derived from their source plants, into larger human disease mitigation efforts. The context for the applications of these compounds and plants in evidence-based food and nutritional policy is also evaluated.
Solubility and speciation of plutonium(VI) carbonates and hydroxides (2000)

Plutonium exists in the environment as a result of the nuclear fuel and weapons cycle and nuclear weapons testing. Carbonate and hydroxide are ubiquitous in the environment while chloride is a principal component in brines such as those native to the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) site. Thus, the characterization of plutonium complexes formed with CO32−, OH−, and Cl− is important for predicting the behavior of plutonium in the environment. Plutonium(VI) is known to form under oxidizing conditions, and we are investigating the structure, solubility and speciation of plutonium(VI) carbonates and hydroxides.
Breakdown of resistant and readily digestible starch by human gut bacteria (1986)

Abstract Cooking and processing of starch‐containing foodstuffs results in a portion of the starch becoming resistant to hydrolytic enzymes secreted in the small intestine of man. In order to determine whether this resistant starch (RS) was degraded in the colon, samples of RS and readily digestible starch (RDS) for comparisons were incubated with (a) cell‐free supernatants from faecal suspensions and (b) washed faecal bacterial cell suspensions. The data obtained showed that, whereas pancreatic amylase and faecal supernatants hydrolysed RDS, with the production of oligosaccharides, RS totally resisted breakdown. In contrast, both RS and RDS were completely degraded by the washed bacterial cells with the generation of volatile fatty acids (VFA) and organic acids. Hydrolysis and fermentation of RDS was extremely rapid and, as a consequence, oligosaccharides and lactate initially accumulated in the culture medium. RS was broken down more slowly, howevér, and oligosaccharides and lactate never accumulated. The rate of polysaccharide hydrolysis had a significant effect on the quantities of VFA produced, in that 54% of carbohydrate was fermented to VFA in cultures incubated with RDS as sole carbon source as compared to only 30% in cultures incubated with RS. However no qualitative difference was observed in the VFA produced by fermentation of RDS or RS.
A study of the synthetic methods and properties of graphenes (2010)

Graphenes with varying number of layers can be synthesized by using different strategies. Thus, single-layer graphene is prepared by micromechanical cleavage, reduction of single-layer graphene oxide, chemical vapor deposition and other methods. Few-layer graphenes are synthesized by conversion of nanodiamond, arc discharge of graphite and other methods. In this article, we briefly overview the various synthetic methods and the surface, magnetic and electrical properties of the produced graphenes. Few-layer graphenes exhibit ferromagnetic features along with antiferromagnetic properties, independent of the method of preparation. Aside from the data on electrical conductivity of graphenes and graphene-polymer composites, we also present the field-effect transistor characteristics of graphenes. Only single-layer reduced graphene oxide exhibits ambipolar properties. The interaction of electron donor and acceptor molecules with few-layer graphene samples is examined in detail.
Modulation of the Electrostatic and Quantum Capacitances of Few Layered Graphenes through Plasma Processing (2017)

A comprehensive understanding of the characteristics of graphene, with regard to its unique electrical and structural attributes, would be incomplete unless the inevitable presence of defects have been considered. While such imperfections may limit the realization of theoretically predicted characteristics, they may also be vital for uncovering new fundamental phenomena and related applications. Here we show that the charged defect generation, through argon ion based plasma processing, in few layer graphene (FLG) could be integral to the substantial enhancement of the electrical capacitance, and be of potential use in electrochemical (EC) energy storage. By combining EC characterization techniques with detailed Raman spectroscopic analysis, we elucidate the contributions of plasma-induced defects to electrostatic and quantum capacitance. We then show that charged defect generation, through argon ion based plasma processing, in FLG could substantially enhance the electrical capacitance, and could be used for electrochemical energy storage. Detailed consideration of the constituent space charge and quantum capacitances were used to delineate a new length scale, correlated to electrically active defects contributing to the capacitance, and which was found to be smaller than a structural correlation length determined through Raman spectroscopy. The study offers insights into an industrially viable method ( i.e., plasma processing) for modifying and enhancing the energy density of graphene-based electrochemical capacitors.
Evidence of degradation process of sucrase-isomaltase in jejunum of adult rats (1985)

To evaluate degradation processes of sucrase-isomaltase in adult rat jejunum, we determined enzymic activity of sucrase and isomaltase and compared it with the amount of immunoreactive sucrase-isomaltase. In rats fed or starved for 18h, killed at 10:00 h or 22:00 h, sucrase activity (expressed on the basis of total protein or of immunoreactive sucrase-isomaltase) was significantly (P less than 0.02) lower in the lower jejunum than in the upper jejunum; isomaltase activity was similar in both segments. Crossed immunoelectrophoresis demonstrated the existence of a second sucrase-isomaltase antigen reacting with anti-(sucrase-isomaltase) serum. This antigen was present in larger amounts in the lower jejunum than in the upper jejunum, exhibited immunological partial identity with the intact sucrase-isomaltase, and had isomaltase activity but no sucrase activity. Results suggest that this antigen is a degradation product of sucrase-isomaltase in which the sucrase active site has been broken down. To examine the role of pancreatic enzymes in degradation of sucrase-isomaltase, common pancreatico-biliary ducts were ligated. Within 18 h after the operation, the difference of sucrase activity between the upper and the lower jejunum disappeared and the amount of the second sucrase-isomaltase antigen markedly decreased in the lower jejunum. Our results indicate that, during the degradation of intestinal sucrase-isomaltase by the pancreatic proteinases, degradation of the sucrase active site precedes that of the isomaltase active site.
Online measurement of the viscosity in shake flasks enables monitoring of γ‐PGA production in depolymerase knockout mutants of Bacillus subtilis with the phosphate‐starvation inducible promoter P pst (2022)

Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) is a biopolymer with a wide range of applications, mainly produced using Bacillus strains. The formation and concomitant secretion of γ-PGA increases the culture broth viscosity, while enzymatic depolymerisation and degradation of γ-PGA decreases the culture broth viscosity. In this study, the recently published ViMOS (Viscosity Monitoring Online System) is applied for optical online measurements of broth viscosity in eight parallel shake flasks. It is shown that the ViMOS is suitable to monitor γ-PGA production and degradation online in shake flasks. This online monitoring enables the detailed analysis of the P<sub>pst</sub> promoter and γ-PGA depolymerase knockout mutants in genetically modified Bacillus subtilis 168. The P<sub>pst</sub> promoter becomes active under phosphate starvation. The different single depolymerase knockout mutants are ∆ggt, ∆pgdS, ∆cwlO and a triple knockout mutant. An increase in γ-PGA yield in g<sub>γ-PGA</sub> /g<sub>glucose</sub> of 190% could be achieved with the triple knockout mutant compared to the P<sub>pst</sub> reference strain. The single cwlO knockout also increased γ-PGA production, while the other single knockouts of ggt and pgdS showed no impact. Partial depolymerisation of γ-PGA occurred despite the triple knockout. The online measured data are confirmed with offline measurements. The online viscosity system directly reflects γ-PGA synthesis, γ-PGA depolymerisation, and changes in the molecular weight. Thus, the ViMOS has great potential to rapidly gain detailed and reliable information about new strains and cultivation conditions. The broadened knowledge will facilitate the further optimization of γ-PGA production.
<title>Methodology for hyperspectral image classification using novel neural network</title> (1997)

A novel feed forward neural network is used to classify hyperspectral data from the AVIRIS sensor. The network applies an alternating direction singular value decomposition technique to achieve rapid training times (few seconds per class). Very few samples (10-12) are required for training. 100% accurate classification is obtained using test data sets. The methodology combines this rapid training neural network together with data reduction and maximal feature separation techniques such as principal component analysis and simultaneous diagonalization of covariance matrices, for rapid and accurate classification of large hyperspectral images. The results are compared to those of standard statistical classifiers.
Variation in the Composition and Physical Properties of Barley Starches (1986)

Abstract Amylose and lysophospholipid contents, swelling factor, and dimensions of large A‐type and small B‐type granules were measured in 21 waxy, normal and high‐amylose starches. Amylose and lipid contents were highly correlated, and both were inversely related to swelling factor. Susceptibility of the starch granules to amyloglucosidase was a function of specific surface area, and was not affected by amylose or lipid content. Environmental (climatic and edaphic) effects seen in 16 samples of Triumph barley starch were generally small (coeff. variation &lt; 10%) and not related to weather statistics, except for lysophospholipid content which was positively correlated with accumulated temperature and solar radiation during the grain‐filling period and inversely related to swelling factor.