gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aggressive Surgical Resection for Hilar‐invasive and Peripheral Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma (2003)

The clinicopathology and surgical outcome of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas are not fully understood. The objective of this study was to clarify the clinicopathologic features of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and evaluate prognostic factors influencing survival. Forty consecutive patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas undergoing surgical resection at Chiba University Hospital between October 1981 and October 1997 were analyzed retrospectively. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas were classified as hilar-invasive type ( n = 26) or peripheral type ( n = 14). Patients with peripheral-type tumors had a significantly ( p = 0.005) better 5-year survival rate (43%) than those with the hilar-invasive type (4%). Hilar-invasive-type tumors had perineural invasion (100%) and nodal involvement (85%) more frequently than did peripheral-type tumors. Despite aggressive surgical resection, the surgical margin was positive in 88% of patients with hilar-invasive type tumors (23/26) and 29% of patients with peripheral-type tumors (4/14). There was no evidence of a survival benefit of vascular resection for patients with a hilar-invasive intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Patients with lymph node metastasis had a significantly worse prognosis ( p = 0.0004). No patients with nodal involvement survived more than 38 months. Negative perineural invasion ( p = 0.008) and a negative microscopic margin ( p = 0.008) were significantly associated with improved survival. Better survival results could be achieved by curative resection with a free margin for hilar-invasive and peripheral intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.
Heterostructured Magnetic Nanotubes (2006)

Heterostructured magnetic tubes with submicrometer dimensions were assembled by the layer-by-layer deposition of polyelectrolytes and nanoparticles in the pores of track-etched polycarbonate membranes. Multilayers composed of poly(allylamine hydrochloride) and poly(styrene sulfonate) assembled at high pH (pH > 9.0) were first assembled into the pores of track-etched polycarbonate membranes, and then multilayers of magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles and PAH were deposited. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed the formation of multilayer nanotubes with an inner shell of magnetite nanoparticles. These tubes exhibited superparamagnetic characteristics at room temperature (300 K) as determined by a SQUID magnetometer. The surface of the magnetic nanotubes could be further functionalized by adsorbing poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(methacrylic acid) block copolymers. The separation and release behavior of low molecular weight anionic molecules (i.e., ibuprofen, rose bengal, and acid red 8) by/from the multilayer nanotubes were studied because these tubes could potentially be used as separation or targeted delivery vehicles. The magnetic tubes could be successfully used to separate (or remove) a high concentration of dye molecules (i.e., rose bengal) from solution by activating the nanotubes in acidic solution. The release of the anionic molecules in physiologically relevant buffer solution showed that whereas bulky molecules (e.g., rose bengal) release slowly, small molecules (i.e., ibuprofen) release rapidly from the multilayers. The combination of the template method and layer-by-layer deposition of polyelectrolytes and nanoparticles provides a versatile means to create functional nanotubes with heterostructures that can be used for separation as well as targeted delivery.
Adsorption Kinetics of NO2 Gas on Pt/Cr-TiO2/Pt-Based Sensors (2021)

Metal oxides are excellent candidates for the detection of various gases; however, the issues such as the limited operating temperature and selectivity are the most important ones requiring the comprehensive understanding of gas adsorption kinetics on the sensing layer surfaces. To this context, the present study focuses mainly on the fabrication of a Pt/Cr-TiO2/Pt type sensor structure that is highly suitable in reducing the operating temperature (from 400 to 200 °C), extending the lower limit NO2 gas concentration (below 10 ppm) with fast response (37 s) and recovery (24 s) times. This illustrates that the sensor performance is not only solely dependent on the nature of sensing material, but also, it is significantly enhanced by using such a new kind of electrode geometry. Moreover, Cr doping into TiO2 culminates in altering the sensor response from n- to p-type and thus contributes to sensor performance enhancement by detecting low NO2 concentrations selectively at reduced operating temperatures. In addition, the NO2 surface adsorption kinetics are studied by fitting the obtained sensor response curves with Elovich, inter-particle diffusion, and pseudo first-order and pseudo second-order adsorption models. It is found that a pseudo first-order reaction model describes the best NO2 adsorption kinetics toward 7–170 ppm NO2 gas at 200 °C. Finally, the sensing mechanism is discussed on the basis of the obtained results.
Characterization of Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor α—Independent Effects of PPARα Activators in the Rodent Liver: Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate also Activates the Constitutive-Activated Receptor (2009)

Peroxisome proliferator chemicals (PPC) are thought to mediate their effects in rodents on hepatocyte growth and liver cancer through the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha. Recent studies indicate that the plasticizer di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) increased the incidence of liver tumors in PPARalpha-null mice. We hypothesized that some PPC, including DEHP, induce transcriptional changes independent of PPARalpha but dependent on other nuclear receptors, including the constitutive-activated receptor (CAR) that mediates phenobarbital (PB) effects on hepatocyte growth and liver tumor induction. To determine the potential role of CAR in mediating effects of PPC, a meta-analysis was performed on transcript profiles from published studies in which rats and mice were exposed to PPC and compared the profiles to those produced by exposure to PB. Valproic acid, clofibrate, and DEHP in rat liver and DEHP in mouse liver induced genes, including Cyp2b family members that are known to be regulated by CAR. Examination of transcript changes by Affymetrix ST 1.0 arrays and reverse transcription-PCR in the livers of DEHP-treated wild-type, PPARalpha-null, and CAR-null mice demonstrated that (1) most (approximately 94%) of the transcriptional changes induced by DEHP were PPARalpha-dependent, (2) many PPARalpha-independent genes overlapped with those regulated by PB, (3) induction of genes Cyp2b10, Cyp3a11, and metallothionine-1 by DEHP was CAR dependent but PPARalpha-independent, and (4) induction of a number of genes (Cyp8b1, Gstm4, and Gstm7) was independent of both CAR and PPARalpha. Our results indicate that exposure to PPARalpha activators including DEHP leads to activation of multiple nuclear receptors in the rodent liver.
Effects of Inhibition of Nitric Oxide Synthase on Blood-Brain Barrier Transport in Focal Cerebral Ischemia (1994)

This study was performed to determine whether nitric oxide (NO) alters the transport of small hydrophilic molecules across the blood-brain barrier in focal cerebral ischemia by administering an NO synthase inhibitor, NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and by measuring the blood-brain barrier transfer coefficient (Ki) of 14C-alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (14C-AIB) in the rats with middle cerebral artery occluded under isoflurane anesthesia. L-NAME increased the mean arterial blood pressure from 91 +/- 9 to 134 +/- 13 mm Hg. The Ki of the ischemic cortex (ICO) was 26% higher than that of the contralateral cortex (CCO) in the control animals without the L-NAME treatment. However, in the L-NAME-treated animals, Ki was 33% lower in the ICO than in the CCO. The Ki of ICO in the L-NAME group was significantly lower (-54%) than that of the control group. L-NAME did not affect Ki significantly in the nonischemic brain regions. Our data demonstrate that focal ischemia increased Ki of 14C-AIB, but L-NAME significantly decreased the Ki in the focal ischemic area of the brain without causing significant changes in the nonischemic tissue. Our results suggest that NO may participate in increasing transport of small hydrophilic molecules across the blood-brain barrier in focal ischemia.
A Survey of Homomorphic Encryption for Outsourced Big Data Computation (2016)

With traditional data storage solutions becoming too expensive and cumbersome to support Big Data processing, enterprises are now starting to outsource their data requirements to third parties, such as cloud service providers. However, this outsourced initiative introduces a number of security and privacy concerns. In this paper, homomorphic encryption is suggested as a mechanism to protect the confidentiality and privacy of outsourced data, while at the same time allowing third parties to perform computation on encrypted data. This paper also discusses the challenges of Big Data processing protection and highlights its differences from traditional data protection. Existing works on homomorphic encryption are technically reviewed and compared in terms of their encryption scheme, homomorphism classification, algorithm design, noise management, and security assumption. Finally, this paper discusses the current implementation, challenges, and future direction towards a practical homomorphic encryption scheme for securing outsourced Big Data computation.
Urbanism PhD Research 2008 - 2010 (2009)

To ensure the quality of the Ph.D. research the Department introduced a special procedure for periodic evaluation: after a period of nine months the potential Ph.D. candidates are asked to present their research design, theoretical framework and methodological approach to the members of the Department and to an external review, drawn up by the professors of the Department and by external reviewer. Depending on the assessment of the review group, the candidates will have the opportunity to continue their research at the Department. In the mean time the (public) review sessions developed into an important element for the scientific debate of the Department. The sessions became a meeting point for the whole Department to discuss new research issues and new methodological approaches and to develop new research collaborations. In this framework the external members of the review group are playing an important role. Their critics form a mirror for the scientific standards of the Department as well as for the scientific (and social) relevancy of the research issues. With the publication of the this book we want to offer to a broader public the opportunity to deal with this debate. The different contributions are based on the papers the Ph.D. candidates prepared for the reviews and have been updatedas a result of the remarks of the peer group and the discussion during the review sessions. As a result the contributions are reflecting the ongoing efforts to redefine the discipline of urbanism under globally changing conditions. The review sessions of the department started in 2004. This book presents the results of the sessions that took place late 2007 and throughout much of 2008.
Surface forces between adsorbed polyelectrolytes in salt solution (2008)

Highly charged cationic polyelectrolyte was adsorbed onto mica from 10−4 M KBr and 10−4 M K2SO4 solutions. The results show that the structure of the adsorbed layer and the total amount adsorbed is dependent on the anion valency. Both the layer thickness and the adsorbed amount increase when the salt anion is of higher valency. — Desorption over several days into 10−4 M K2SO4 solution was followed. This indicates the adsorbed layer initially overcompensates the mica lattice charge. After some time, the sign of the charge is re-reversed, due to desorption. Adhesion between the adsorbed layers increases during the desorption process. This adhesion is attributed to bridging of entropic origin.
Assessing unrealised potential for organ donation after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (2021)

In Singapore case study, we demonstrated the potential numbers of candidates for uDCD among resuscitated OHCA cases. This sizeable pool of potential donors demonstrates the potential for an uDCD program to expand the organ donor pool. A small proportion of these patients might however survive had they been administered ECPR. Further research into the factors influencing local organ and patient outcomes following uDCD and ECPR is indicated.
4&#x00D7;25-Gbit/s, 1.3-&#x03BC;m, monolithically integrated light source for 100-Gbit/s Ethernet (2010)

We have developed 4 × 25-Gbit/s, 1.3-μm, monolithically integrated light source for 100-Gbit/s Ethernet (100GBASE-LR4) for the first time. Error-free transmission of 10-km on SMF under 100-Gbit/s (4 × 25-Gbit/s simultaneous) operation is demonstrated.
Pumping wavelength dependence of super continuum generation in photonic crystal fibers (2002)

Generation of wide super continua several hundred nanometers wide is possible by pumping in the normal dispersion regime as the nonlinear effects broaden the spectra beyond the zero-dispersion wavelength. When pumping far away from the zero-dispersion wavelength, only self phase modulation (SPM) and Raman scattering contributes to the broadening leading to smooth stable spectra of limited width. Pumping closer to the zero-dispersion wavelength forms very broad spectra, but they are far more sensitive to fluctuations in pumping power and coupling efficiency between fiber and laser. The flattest and broadest spectra are achieved by pumping just below zero-dispersion wavelength and increase in power leads to flatter and broader spectrum. Furthermore, pumping close to the zero-dispersion wavelength enables generation of spectral components at shorter wavelengths below 750 nm through a four-wave mixing process.
An attempt of analyzing the mandibular movement in three dimensions by computer graphics. (1989)

In clinic, simplified mandibular movement measuring devices are used for diagnosis of patients with stomatognathic dysfunction and recording maxillomandibular relation. It is difficult to understand mandibular movement in three dimensions from the path on the three planes, because the path of mandibular movement is in three dimensional space with time, not separately on each plane. The purpose of this study was to develop the three dimensional analyzing system by computer graphics. Mandibular movement was recorded by Mandibular Kinesiograph. The signals were sent to personal computer and the data were processed by the software. The basic specifications of the program were as follows: 1. Data could be observed from various viewpoints. 2. Necessary section of the simultaneous data could be displayed. 3. "C" was used for the software describing language. Following results were obtained: It was possible to analyze the path of mandibular movement in other coordinate axis and understand the path of mandibular movement in three dimensions more accurately.
IS NASOBILIARY DRAINAGE UNNECESSARY FOR DRAINAGE OF ACUTE SUPPURATIVE CHOLANGITIS? OUR EXPERIENCE (2010)

Two randomized controlled trials comparing endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (ENBD) and internal endoscopic biliary drainage (internal EBD) for acute suppurative cholangitis (ASC) showed no significant difference in efficacy and both preferred internal EBD to ENBD. In this study, the necessity of ENBD was re-examined. Over five years, 59 patients underwent an emergency endoscopic procedure for ASC in our institute. If drainage was needed, we selected internal EBD as a first choice and ENBD was used in patients predicted to have early obstruction of the tube or retrograde infection of the bile duct. The rate of ENBD, for which reason ENBD was selected, and the efficacy of drainage were examined retrospectively. In the 59 patients, 40 patients had the stones completely removed without drainage, five internal EBD and two ENBD were performed without removal of stones and five internal EBD and seven ENBD were performed after removal of stones. In terms of white blood cell count and direct bilirubin level, no significant difference was observed between ENBD and internal EBD patients. ENBD was mainly selected for the patients with multiple biliary strictures, hemorrhage tendency and excessive purulent bile. Even though internal drainage is suitable in many ASC patients, ENBD is necessary in selected patients.
Design and integration of single-qubit rotations and two-qubit gates in silicon above one Kelvin (2022)

Spin qubits in quantum dots define an attractive platform for quantum information because of their compatibility with semiconductor manufacturing, their long coherence times, and the ability to operate above one Kelvin. However, despite demonstrations of SWAP oscillations, the integration of this two-qubit gate together with single-qubit control to create a universal gate set as originally proposed for single spins in quantum dots has remained elusive. Here, we show that we can overcome these limitations and execute a multitude of native two-qubit gates, together with single-qubit control, in a single device, reducing the operation overhead to perform quantum algorithms. We demonstrate single-qubit rotations, together with the two-qubit gates CROT, CPHASE and SWAP, on a silicon double quantum dot. Furthermore, we introduce adiabatic and diabatic composite sequences that allow the execution of CPHASE and SWAP gates on the same device, despite the finite Zeeman energy difference. Both two-qubit gates can be executed in less than 100 ns and, by theoretically analyzing the experimental noise sources, we predict control fidelities exceeding 99%, even for operation above one Kelvin.
The Tomato 66.3-kD Polyphenoloxidase Gene: Molecular Identification and Developmental Expression (1992)

Tamar Shahar, Nava Hennig, Tamar Gutfinger, Dana Hareven, Eliezer Lifschitz, The Tomato 66.3-kD Polyphenoloxidase Gene: Molecular Identification and Developmental Expression, The Plant Cell, Vol. 4, No. 2 (Feb., 1992), pp. 135-147
Niger‐Congo speaking populations and the formation of the Brazilian gene pool: mtDNA and Y‐chromosome data (2007)

We analyzed sequence variation in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) hypervariable segment I (HVS-I) from 201 Black individuals from two Brazilian cities (Rio de Janeiro and Porto Alegre), and compared these data with published information from 21 African populations. A subset of 187 males of the sample was also characterized for 30 Y-chromosome biallelic polymorphisms, and the data were compared with those from 48 African populations. The mtDNA data indicated that respectively 69% and 82% of the matrilineages found in Rio de Janeiro and Porto Alegre originated from West-Central/Southeast Africa. These estimates are in close agreement with historical records which indicated that most of the Brazilian slaves who arrived in Rio de Janeiro were from West-Central Africa. In contrast to mtDNA, Y-chromosome haplogroup analysis did not allow discrimination between places of origin in West or West-Central Africa. Thus, when comparing these two major African regions, there seems to be higher genetic structure with mtDNA than with Y-chromosome data.
Electron Crystallography - Teaching and Imagination (2000)

Typical undergraduate physics syllabuses in the United Kingdom normally contain at least one course on what is these days termed "Condensed Matter Physics".Within this boundary the field of Crystallography usually occupies only a small introductory niche, before students go on to learn what they perceive to be the more interesting subjects of semiconductors, magnetism and superconductivity.The result of this is that only the most basic elements of Crystallography are taught, being largely limited to cubic systems and the most elementary concepts of symmetry and diffraction data collection.Yet, despite this simplicity of approach, experience shows that Oxford examination questions in this area tend to be poorly done, whereas more complex physics is well appreciated.In this talk, these problems will be briefly discussed and a sample of a computer-aided basic Crystallography lecture course especially designed to suit physicists attending the Oxford Condensed Matter Physics course will be demonstrated.
Large enhancement of the effective second-order nonlinearity in graphene metasurfaces (2019)

Using a powerful homogenization technique, one- and two-dimensional graphene metasurfaces are homogenized both at the fundamental frequency (FF) and second harmonic (SH). In both cases, there is excellent agreement between the predictions of the homogenization method and those based on rigorous numerical solutions of Maxwell equations. The homogenization technique is then employed to demonstrate that, owing to a double-resonant plasmon excitation mechanism that leads to strong, simultaneous field enhancement at the FF and SH, the effective second-order susceptibility of graphene metasurfaces can be enhanced by more than three orders of magnitude as compared to the intrinsic second-order susceptibility of a graphene sheet placed on the same substrate. In addition, we explore the implications of our results on the development of new active nanodevices that incorporate nanopatterned graphene structures.
Negative Thermal Expansion from 0.3 to 1050 Kelvin in ZrW 2 O 8 (1996)

Negative thermal expansion was found for ZrW 2 O 8 from 0.3 kelvin to its decomposition temperature of about 1050 kelvin. Both neutron and x-ray diffraction data were used to solve and refine the structure of this compound at various temperatures. Cubic symmetry persists for ZrW 2 O 8 over its entire stability range. Thus, the negative thermal expansion behavior is isotropic. Essentially the same behavior was found for isostructural HfW 2 O 8 . No other materials are known to exhibit such behavior over such a broad temperature range. These materials are finding applications as components in composites in order to reduce the composites' overall thermal expansion to near zero.
Bien-être : une préoccupation majeure des filières avicoles. L'animal dans son milieu d'élevage aux JRA (2001)

National audience
VAXclusters : architecture, programming, and management (1991)

This reference text on Vaxclusters, an extension of VAX/VMS systems, examines nearly every aspect of cluster software and hardware products. Coverage includes clustering architecture, how clusters work as high availability systems, how to create and manage clusters, basic operations performed at a VAXcluster site and programming issues to best utilize a cluster.