gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inadvertent Intruder Analysis For The Portsmouth On-Site Waste Disposal Facility (OSWDF) (2014)

The inadvertent intruder analysis considers the radiological impacts to hypothetical persons who are assumed to inadvertently intrude on the Portsmouth OSWDF site after institutional control ceases 100 years after site closure. For the purposes of this analysis, we assume that the waste disposal in the OSWDF occurs at time zero, the site is under institutional control for the next 100 years, and inadvertent intrusion can occur over the following 1,000 year time period. Disposal of low-level radioactive waste in the OSWDF must meet a requirement to assess impacts on such individuals, and demonstrate that the effective dose equivalent to an intruder would not likely exceed 100 mrem per year for scenarios involving continuous exposure (i.e. chronic) or 500 mrem for scenarios involving a single acute exposure. The focus in development of exposure scenarios for inadvertent intruders was on selecting reasonable events that may occur, giving consideration to regional customs and construction practices. An important assumption in all scenarios is that an intruder has no prior knowledge of the existence of a waste disposal facility at the site. Results of the analysis show that a hypothetical inadvertent intruder at the OSWDF who, in the worst case scenario, resides on the site and consumes vegetables from a garden established on the site using contaminated soil (chronic agriculture scenario) would receive a maximum chronic dose of approximately 7.0 mrem/yr during the 1000 year period of assessment. This dose falls well below the DOE chronic dose limit of 100 mrem/yr. Results of the analysis also showed that a hypothetical inadvertent intruder at the OSWDF who, in the worst case scenario, excavates a basement in the soil that reaches the waste (acute basement construction scenario) would receive a maximum acute dose of approximately 0.25 mrem/yr during the 1000 year period of assessment. This dose falls well below the DOE acute dose limit of 500 mrem/yr. Disposal inventory constraints based on the intruder analysis are well above conservative estimates of the OSWDF inventory and, based on intruder disposal limits; about 7% of the disposal capacity is reached with the estimated OSWDF inventory.
Immunotoxins containing saporin linked to different CD2 monoclonal antibodies: in vitro evaluation (1994)

In this study we describe immunotoxins prepared with different CD2 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and a ribosome-inactivating protein, saporin. The CD2 immunotoxins were tested on different models. Anti-CD2-saporin conjugates inhibited protein synthesis by a neoplastic CD2+ cell line (SKW-3) and by an interleukin 2 dependent polyclonal CD2+ lymphoid cell culture (T lymphoblasts), with IC50s ranging from 10(-13) M to 10(-11) M (as saporin). Similar results were obtained with proliferation inhibition tests (3H-thymidine incorporation) on phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) driven lymphoid cultures and on mixed lymphocyte culture activated lymphocytes. Moreover a CD2-ricin A chain conjugate was less effective than an analogous immunotoxin containing the same CD2 mAb and saporin in inhibiting lymphocyte proliferation induced by PHA (IC50 approximately 10(-9) M as ricin A chain versus 10(-12) M as saporin). The conjugates were not toxic on bone marrow stem cells. These results suggest that CD2-saporin immunotoxins could represent an effective tool for CD2+ lymphomas or leukaemias, and for T-dependent immune disorders, such as transplanted organ rejection and graft-versus-host disease.
Aproveitamento do engaço de dendê para obtenção de biocompósitos em meio pressurisados (2016)

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo a extracao de xilose e a producao de bio-oleo partir do engaco de dende utilizando dioxido de carbono, agua e etanol pressurizados como solventes. A temperatura de trabalho variou entre 120 e 210 oC, com os tempos de reacao de 5, 15 e 30 minutos e pressao constante de 100 bar. A caracterizacao do material extraido por cromatografia liquida de alta eficiencia mostrou, que em 210 °C por 15 minutos de reacao foi possivel obter uma concentracao maxima de 31,8 mg/mL de xilose. O bio-oleo teve um rendimento de 25%, enquanto a sua caracterizacao por cromatografia gasosa apresentou como componentes de maior area os alcoois, no entanto, o numero de compostos fenolicos apresentaram-se em maior quantidade.
Inhibition of human interleukin 4‐induced IgE synthesis by a subset of anti‐CD23/FcϵRII monoclonal antibodies (1990)

Specific monoclonal antibodies (mAb) directed against the CD23 antigen were used to study human interleukin 4 (hIL4)-induced IgE production by blood and tonsillar mononuclear cells. Both peripheral blood and tonsillar mononuclear cells stimulated by hIL4 expressed membrane CD23 as detected by the binding of all anti-CD23 mAb. Nevertheless, two sets of anti-CD23 mAb could be distinguished. The first set, including mAb 25, was able to decrease significantly hIL4-induced IgE synthesis by mononuclear cells. The second set, including EBVCS#1, did not affect hIL4-induced IgE synthesis. All the anti-CD23 mAb were able to bind specifically to a human B cell line expressing recombinant CD23. Inhibition experiments revealed that the two sets of anti-CD23 mAb did not recognize the same epitope on the CD23 antigen. In fact, all the anti-CD23 mAb, except EBVCS#1, were able to inhibit IgE binding to CD23 on RPMI 8866 cells. Moreover, the first set of antibodies, which decreased IgE production, was able to up-regulate membrane CD23 expression on hIL4-stimulated tonsillar mononuclear cells. Conversely, EBVCS#1, which had no effect on IgE production, did not affect hIL4-induced CD23 expression. These results indicate that CD23 plays a key role in human IgE synthesis.
Studies on the Dual-Templating Function of TBA for the Formation of ZSM-11 Intergrowth Morphology (2015)

Hierarchically structured ZSM-11 microspheres with an intergrowth morphology have been hydrothermally synthesized using only one organic templating molecule (TBABr). An investigation of the effects of the structure-directing agent on the zeolite particle morphology and textural properties was performed. It was found that the template tetraalkylammonium ions TBA+ (or TPA+) not only were located in the channel intersections of ZSM-11 (or ZSM-5), but were also attached to the external surface of the precursors, which prevented these precursors from further condensation. Finally, a morphology of numerous nanocrystals inserting into each other was formed, and the voids among these intergrowth crystals endowed these materials with mesoporosity.
The Bone Morphogenetic Protein Type Ib Receptor Is a Major Mediator of Glial Differentiation and Cell Survival in Adult Hippocampal Progenitor Cell Culture (2004)

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) act as growth regulators and inducers of differentiation. They transduce their signal via three different type I receptors, termed activin receptor-like kinase 2 (Alk2), Alk3, or bone morphogenetic protein receptor Ia (BMPRIa) and Alk6 or BMPRIb. Little is known about functional differences between the three type I receptors. Here, we have investigated consequences of constitutively active (ca) and dominant negative (dn) type I receptor overexpression in adult-derived hippocampal progenitor cells (AHPs). The dn receptors have a nonfunctional intracellular but functional extracellular domain. They thus trap BMPs that are endogenously produced by AHPs. We found that effects obtained by overexpression of dnAlk2 and dnAlk6 were similar, suggesting similar ligand binding patterns for these receptors. Thus, cell survival was decreased, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression was reduced, whereas the number of oligodendrocytes increased. No effect on neuronal differentiation was seen. Whereas the expression of Alk2 and Alk3 mRNA remained unchanged, the Alk6 mRNA was induced after impaired BMP signaling. After dnAlk3 overexpression, cell survival and astroglial differentiation increased in parallel to augmented Alk6 receptor signaling. We conclude that endogenous BMPs mediate cell survival, astroglial differentiation and the suppression of oligodendrocytic cell fate mainly via the Alk6 receptor in AHP culture.
Online Optimizing Control of Molecular Weight Properties in Batch Free-Radical Polymerization Reactors (2002)

An online optimizing control scheme that ensures the satisfaction of the final polymer property specifications under the influence of time-varying model parameters and unknown initial conditions is developed for a batch polymerization reactor. The proposed control scheme combines a state/parameter estimator with an optimization step that calculates periodically the time optimal polymerization temperature based on the most recent information about the process. The state/parameter estimation step includes an extended Kalman filter for estimating the state variables and the time-varying termination rate constant of the model and a nonlinear optimization-based estimator for calculating the concentration of impurities at the start of the polymerization. The time optimal polymerization temperature that drives the process to the desired final polymer property specifications is determined using a dynamic programming technique based on the simultaneous discretization approach. A quadratic performance index is defined in terms of the squared differences between the achieved and desired values of final monomer conversion, number- and weight-average molecular weights, and the entire desired molecular weight distribution. The time optimal temperature policy is implemented, as a sequence of discrete set-point changes, by the regulatory control system of the reactor. The proposed control strategy manages to optimally satisfy the control objectives and keep the product quality indicators close to the desired levels in a least-squares sense by successfully alleviating the detrimental effects of process disturbances and model parameter variations.
Wetting, Confinement, and Drainage of Liquids (2004)

Using proximal probe tools such as the Surface Forces Apparatus (SFA) and the Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), as well as spectroscopic tools such as Sum Frequency Generation (SFG), we have studied the welling, spreading and drainage of liquids at the nanometer scale. Two examples will be discussed here. The first involves the layering and drainage of long alkyl-chain alcohols octanol and undecanol. The second example involves the drainage of perfluoropolyether lubricants.
The sec-butyl cation; reaction with 2-butene (1981)

The products from the reaction of 2-butene with BF 3 .CH 3 OH are olefins in the range C 8 to above C 20 ; about 60% of the product is the normal dimer–trimer–tetramer material but the remaining 40% is rearranged product. We have identified most of the skeletal structures up to C 13 and suggest that the rearrangements are most easily interpreted by postulating that akyl transfers can occur in the same way as proton transfers.
Reconstruction of 3D Human Movement from Single View Images Using Kalman Fiter and Fazzy Reasoning. (1998)

A system which reconstructs 3D human movement from a stream of 2D input images is developed. The system finds the 3D shape and motion of the human body by fitting a simple skeleton model to the notable regions found in the 2D image. Surface markers which robust for obstruction were applied. The fitting is done using a nonlinear optimization approach. This optimization is essentially ill-conditioned because depth information can not be obtained from 2D image. In order to overcome this problem, Kalman filter using Fazzy reasoning which takes account of following a priori information is applied: 1 The versatile ekeleton model exhibiting a human body. 2 Postures at each keyframe for the type of human movement. We reconstructed human movement from a stream of Video images by this method in order to demonstrate its applicability.
BlastGraph: a comparative genomics tool based on BLAST and graph algorithms (2013)

https://github.com/bigwiv/BlastGraph.
Partial resistance to clubroot in Arabidopsis is based on changes in the host primary metabolism and targeted cell division and expansion capacity (2013)

To date, studies of the molecular basis of disease resistance mainly focused on qualitative resistance. However, deciphering mechanisms underlying quantitative resistance could lead to insights into the relationship between qualitative and quantitative resistance and guide the utilization of these two types of resistance to produce durably resistant cultivars. A functional genomics approach, using the CATMA whole-genome microarray, was used to detect changes in gene expression associated with partial quantitative resistance in the Arabidopsis thaliana-Plasmodiophora brassicae pathosystem. The time course of transcript abundance during partial clubroot resistance response was monitored at the whole plant level, and direct comparisons between partial resistance and susceptibility responses were made using the same host genotype. An increasingly complex host response was revealed, as was the differential influence of P. brassicae infection on the transcription of Arabidopsis genes according to the isolate used. We observed, at the transcriptomic level, that metabolic diversion by the pathogen was reduced or delayed, classical plant defense responses were induced earlier and/or more strongly, and cell enlargement and proliferation were actively inhibited in the partial quantitative resistance response compared to the susceptible one.
Proteasomal Degradation of Glutamine Synthetase Regulates Schwann Cell Differentiation (2010)

Rapid saltatory nerve conduction is facilitated by myelin structure, which is composed of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system. Schwann cells drastically change their phenotype following peripheral nerve injury. These phenotypic changes are required for efficient degeneration/regeneration. We previously identified ZNRF1 as an E3 ubiquitin ligase containing a RING finger motif, whose expression is upregulated in the Schwann cells following nerve injury. This suggested that posttranscriptional regulation of protein expression in Schwann cells may be involved in their phenotypic changes during nerve degeneration/regeneration. Here we report the identification of glutamine synthetase (GS), an enzyme that synthesizes glutamine using glutamate and ammonia, as a substrate for E3 activity of ZNRF1 in Schwann cells. GS is known to be highly expressed in differentiated Schwann cells, but its functional significance has remained unclear. We found that during nerve degeneration/regeneration, GS expression is controlled mostly by ZNRF1-dependent proteasomal degradation. We also found that Schwann cells increase oxidative stress upon initiation of nerve degeneration, which promotes carbonylation and subsequent degradation of GS. Surprisingly, we discovered that GS expression regulates Schwann cell differentiation; i.e., increased GS expression promotes myelination via its enzymatic activity. Among the substrates and products of GS, increased glutamate concentration inhibited myelination and yet promoted Schwann cell proliferation by activating metabotropic glutamate receptor signaling. This would suggest that GS may exert its effect on Schwann cell differentiation by regulating glutamate concentration. These results indicate that the ZNRF1-GS system may play an important role in correlating Schwann cell metabolism with its differentiation.
Towards a cloud-based environment for space systems concept design (2012)

This paper proposes a cloud infrastructure for Space Systems e-Engineering by exposing services tailored to the concept design phase of satellite manufacturing. The solution relies on two previous works named SatBudgets and SpaceESB for budgeting automation and service wrapping. It is expected that the framework will promote collaboration among project stakeholders and empower horizontal communications in the systems engineering team.
Low-Overhead Cyclic Reference Signals for Channel Estimation in FDD Massive MIMO (2019)

Massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) transmission and coordinated multipoint transmission are candidate technologies for increasing data throughput in evolving 5G standards. Frequency division duplex (FDD) is likely to remain predominant in large parts of the spectrum below 6 GHz for future 5G systems. Therefore, it is important to estimate the downlink FDD channels from a very large number of antennas, while avoiding an excessive downlink reference signal overhead. We here propose and investigate a three part solution. First, massive MIMO downlinks use a fixed grid of beams. For each user, only a subset of beams will then be relevant, and require estimation. Second, sets of coded reference signal sequences, with cyclic patterns over time, are used. Third, each terminal estimates its most relevant channels. We here propose and compare a linear mean square estimation and a Kalman estimation. Both utilize frequency and antenna correlation, and the later also utilizes temporal correlation. In extensive simulations, this scheme provides channel estimates that lead to an insignificant beamforming performance degradation as compared to full channel knowledge. The cyclic pattern of coded reference signals is found to be important for reliable channel estimation, without having to adjust the reference signals to specific users.
Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein Genetic Variants Associated with Risk for Type 2 Diabetes and Diabetic Kidney Disease in Taiwanese Population (2019)

Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) plays an important role in lipid metabolism. Low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) increase the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study investigated CETP gene variants to assess the risk of T2D and specific complications of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and diabetic retinopathy. Towards this, a total of 3023 Taiwanese individuals (1383 without T2D, 1640 with T2D) were enrolled in this study. T2D mice (+Lepr<sup>db</sup>/+Lepr<sup>db</sup>, db/db) were used to determine CETP expression in tissues. The A-alleles of rs3764261, rs4783961, and rs1800775 variants were found to be independently associated with 2.86, 1.71, and 0.91 mg/dL increase in HDL-C per allele, respectively. In addition, the A-allele of rs4783961 was significantly associated with a reduced T2D risk (odds ratio (OR), 0.82; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.71‒0.96)), and the A-allele of rs1800775 was significantly related to a lowered DKD risk (OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.64‒0.96). CETP expression was significantly decreased in the T2D mice kidney compared to that in the control mice (T2D mice, 0.16 0.01 vs. control mice, 0.21 0.02; <i>p</i> = 0.02). These collective findings indicate that CETP variants in the promoter region may affect HDL-C levels. Taiwanese individuals possessing an allele associated with higher HDL-C levels had a lower risk of T2D and DKD.
N‐acetylcysteine prevents glutathione decrease and does not interfere with paracetamol antinociceptive effect at therapeutic dosage: a randomized double‐blind controlled trial in healthy subjects (2018)

Paracetamol (APAP) may lead to hepatic changes even at therapeutic dosages. Glutathione (GSH) plays a pivotal role in APAP metabolism as it allows the detoxification of a toxic metabolite. N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) is APAP antidote, is also largely used as a mucoactive drug and is often associated with APAP. This study aims at evaluating if 1- NAC modifies APAP pain efficacy and 2- NAC prevents glutathione depletion with APAP at therapeutic doses. This double-blind randomized controlled study (NCT02206178) was carried out in 24 healthy volunteers. APAP was given for 4 days (1 g ×4 daily) with NAC or with placebo. Thermal pain tests, whole blood GSH, and hepatic enzymes (ASAT, ALAT) were measured before (D0) and after (D4) oral APAP-NAC or APAP-placebo intake. anova for repeated measures adapted to cross-overdesign was performed and a two-tailed type I error was fixed at 5%. The primary endpoint was the area under the curve (0-240 min) of pain intensity (Numerical Scale) after thermal pain stimulation using Pathway-Medoc<sup>®</sup> . APAP antinociceptive effect was similar in both groups. GSH was maintained to its baseline value in the APAP/NAC group but diminished in the APAP/placebo group (P = 0.033). This study shows for the first time that APAP antinociceptive effectiveness is not influenced by NAC. It also shows that the effect of APAP at therapeutic dosage on GSH may be counteracted by NAC. These issues are particularly important for patients as APAP is often prescribed for years as a first-line pain treatment and further trials in patients are now warranted.
Mechanism of Enantioselective C−C Bond Formation with Bifunctional Chiral Ru Catalysts: NMR and DFT Study (2010)

The mechanism of Michael addition reactions of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds to cyclic enones catalyzed by bifunctional Ru catalysts bearing N-sulfonylated (R,R)-DPEN ligands (DPEN = (R,R)-1,2-diphenylethylenediamine) was studied by NMR and DFT computational analyses. NMR investigation of the stoichiometric reactions of chiral amido Ru complexes, Ru(N-sulfonylated dpen)(η(6)-arene) 1a-c, with dimethyl malonate 2 and β-keto ester 3 revealed that at decreased temperatures deprotonation proceeds in a stereoselective manner to provide amine complexes. The reaction with malonic ester 2 provided exclusively C-bound amino Ru complexes 6a,c, while the reaction of β-keto ester 3 gave an equilibrium mixture of rapidly interconverting C- and O-bound complexes. The structures of C-bound Ru complex 6c and O-bound Ru complex 9c were determined by single crystal X-ray analysis. A computational study showed that the enatioselective C-C bond formation proceeds through intermediate formation of chelating ion pairs that coordinate a molecule of enone via the Ru metal center producing a highly organized environment for the C-C bond formation, yielding selectively only one enantiomer of the product. Systematic study of a series of the catalyst-substrate combinations revealed that the experimentally observed sense of enantioselection was consistently explained by computational analysis. The tendency of increasing ee with the bulk of the coordinated arene in Ru complex is reproduced computationally by changes in the difference of either ZPPE-corrected energies or Gibbs free energies for S- and R-pathways.
Vertically-Stacked Double-Gate Nanowire FETs with Controllable Polarity: From Devices to Regular ASICs (2013)

Vertically stacked nanowire FETs (NWFETs) with gate-all-around structure are the natural and most advanced extension of FinFETs. At advanced technology nodes, many devices exhibit ambipolar behavior, i.e., the device shows n- and p-type characteristics simultaneously. In this paper, we show that, by engineering of the contacts and by constructing independent double-gate structures, the device polarity can be electrostatically programmed to be either n- or p-type. Such a device enables a compact realization of XOR-based logic functions at the cost of a denser interconnect. To mitigate the added area/routing overhead caused by the additional gate, an approach for designing an efficient regular layout, called Sea-of-Tiles is presented. Then, specific logic synthesis techniques, supporting the higher expressive power provided by this technology, are introduced and used to showcase the performance of the controllable-polarity NWFETs circuits in comparison with traditional CMOS circuits.