gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Coupling fixed pitch rotor design to PMG de-fluxing control for GEMSTAR marine current turbine (2019)

The present work reports a study on a tidal current system named GEMSTAR, composed by two hydrokinetic turbines supported by a floating submerged structure. A flexible mooring cable links the floating support to the seabed allowing the free rotation of the system and its alignment to changing current direction. The work is mainly focused on the design of the turbine blade with two objectives: keeping a constant power output above the rated power condition and limiting the thrust increase between rated and maximum operating speed. A fixed pitch blade was considered, in order to reduce the costs associated to a complex pitch control mechanism. An analytical procedure for blade design is proposed and validated by comparison to other numerical methods. Above the rated current speed, the power is held constant while the rotational speed of the turbine and of the generator increases, assuming an over-speeding control strategy. The adopted design configuration relies on the possibility of the generator to operate in defluxing working conditions. As reported in the last part of the paper, a numerical model of the generator has also been developed and applied to a test case in order to analyse the electric behaviour of the system.
Influence of Metal Oxide Additives on the Activity and Stability of PtRu/C for Methanol Electro-Oxidation (2015)

Tin, titanium and iridium oxides have been investigated as additives of Pt-Ru based catalysts for the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR). The electro-oxidation of methanol has been studied in a three-electrode configuration for the application of such formulations in direct methanol fuel cell anodes. The presence of the additives produces an increase of catalytic activity, as a consequence of the ability of these metal oxides to form surface oxygen species which react with methanolic intermediates adsorbed on Pt. Among them, iridium oxide presents the highest catalytic enhancement. The stability of this additive has been investigated by potential cycling in 2 M methanol up to 1100 cycles in the interval 0.3–1.0 V vs. RHE. After an initial activation stage, the catalytic activity toward MOR decreases with cycles regardless the presence of the IrO2 additive, indicating no influence of the promoter on Pt-Ru degradation mechanisms. Even if the promoter enhances MOR activity, dissolution of Ru at highly positive potentials causes an irreversible damage which is not compensated by the promoter.
α-Arylation of 3-Aryloxindoles (2010)

A versatile method for the synthesis of 3,3-diaryloxindoles via Pd-catalyzed alpha-arylations or an S(N)Ar reaction is described. The reaction proceeds using mild base, is tolerant of a variety of functional groups, and is capable of preparing hindered all-carbon quaternary centers.
Imprinting of CCR9 on CD4 T Cells Requires IL-4 Signaling on Mesenteric Lymph Node Dendritic Cells (2008)

It has recently been shown that IL-4 can educate dendritic cells (DC) to differentially affect T cell effector activity. In this study, we show that IL-4 can also act upon DC to instruct naive T cells to express the gut-associated homing receptor CCR9. Thus, effector T cells generated after coculture with mesenteric lymph node (MLN)-DC show a higher expression of CCR9 when activated in the presence of IL-4. In contrast, IL-4 had no effect on CCR9 expression when naive T cells were polyclonally activated in the absence of MLN-DC, suggesting that the effect of IL-4 on CCR9 expression passed through DC. Indeed, T cells activated by MLN-DC from IL-4Ralpha(-/-) mice showed a much lower CCR9 expression and a greatly reduced migration to the small intestine than T cells activated by wild-type MLN-DC even in the presence of IL-4. Consistent with the finding that the vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid (RA) induces gut-homing molecules on T cells, we further demonstrate that IL-4 up-regulated retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 mRNA on MLN-DC, a critical enzyme involved in the synthesis of RA. Moreover, LE135, a RA receptor antagonist, blocked the increased expression of CCR9 driven by IL-4-treated MLN-DC. Thus, besides the direct effect of RA on T cell gut tropism, our results show that the induction of a gut-homing phenotype on CD4(+) T cells is also influenced by the effect of IL-4 on gut-associated DC.
Identification of a novel interaction between the Ca2+-binding protein S100A11 and the Ca2+- and phospholipid-binding protein annexin A6 (2006)

S100A11 is a member of the S100 family of EF-hand Ca(2+)-binding proteins, which is expressed in smooth muscle and other tissues. Ca(2+) binding to S100A11 induces a conformational change that exposes a hydrophobic surface for interaction with target proteins. Affinity chromatography with immobilized S100A11 was used to isolate a 70-kDa protein from smooth muscle that bound to S100A11 in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner and was identified by mass spectrometry as annexin A6. Direct Ca(2+)-dependent interaction between S100A11 and annexin A6 was confirmed by affinity chromatography of the purified bacterially expressed proteins, by gel overlay of annexin A6 with purified S100A11, by chemical cross-linking, and by coprecipitation of S100A11 with annexin A6 bound to liposomes. The expression of S100A11 and annexin A6 in the same cell type was verified by RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry of isolated vascular smooth muscle cells. The site of binding of S100A11 on annexin A6 was investigated by partial tryptic digestion and deletion mutagenesis. The unique NH(2) terminal head region of annexin A6 was not required for S100A11 binding, but binding sites were identified in both NH(2)- and COOH-terminal halves of the molecule. We hypothesize that an agonist-induced increase in cytosolic free [Ca(2+)] leads to formation of a complex of S100A11 and annexin A6, which forms a physical connection between the plasma membrane and the cytoskeleton, or plays a role in the formation of signaling complexes at the level of the sarcolemma.
3D Reconstruction of Surfaces with Steep Slopes from Multiple SEM Images (2006)

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Optimising local council's return on investment from annual pavement rehabilitation budgets through targeting of the average pavement condition index (2016)

A high quality transportation system is necessary in a modern economy, and a road network is a common and significant, component of the system. Road systems have two major objectives: to enable the movement of passenger vehicles and the movement of freight vehicles at reasonable speeds. An important part of the transportation system and an expensive investment, a functional road network must meet both objectives to maintain an efficient economy. In Australia, the Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development reported that, in 2011/12, the total road length was approximately 900,000 km, and the total road expenditure was approximately $19 billion. Good policy requires that infrastructure investments provide a return on investment, thus warranting judicious management to ensure that it is maintained in a cost effective manner. Recent studies in Queensland, Australia, have identified differences between financial and engineering professionals in their understanding of infrastructure depreciation, condition deterioration, and future funding needs. Furthermore, the Queensland Asset Sustainability Ratio (ASR) requires clearer definitions to ensure that infrastructure remains meaningful to all users. This study proposes a separate sustainability index for road pavements (SIR) unlike the ASR that combines all type of assets. The justification is our ability to assess road condition, the high value of road assets, relative value to other infrastructure, and advanced knowledge of deterioration relative to other infrastructure. The SIR involves community consultation to target an average pavement condition index (PCI). This study also provides an alternative method to determine the optimal target PCI for a local government authority (LGA) that balances community expectations and funding levels, with a particular focus on return on investment (ROI) for the annual road reseal and rehabilitation budget.
Cytotoxicity and DNA fragmentation-mediated apoptosis response of hexagonal ZnO nanorods against human prostate cancer cells (2022)

Current techniques for cancer treatment have some bottlenecks such as poor selectivity, toxicity, low stability. Such drawbacks can be handled with the help of nanotechnology. The use of nanomaterials with specific morphology and properties has shown to be promising anti-cancer agents. In this work, we have successfully synthesized novel long Zinc Oxide nanorods (ZnO NRs) with a hexagonal cross-sectional structure. The synthesized NRs were characterized for their morphology architectures using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The average length of the NRs is observed to be around 30.97 µm and the diameter varied from 300 nm to 1 µm with their aspect ratio (length: diameter, L/D) range 31–103 that could modulate cell death pathways. Further in vitro cytotoxicity studies on prostate cancer PC3 cells and DNA fragmentation mediated apoptosis results confirm that long and hexagonal ZnO NRs can act as a selective anti-cancer agent for prostate cancer cells, whereas low cytotoxic effects on normal prostate epithelial RWPE-1 cells. As evidenced from the results, eco-friendly, nontoxic, and highly efficient ZnO NRs can act as anti-cancer agents, which paves the way for the development of potential therapeutic drugs and further theragnostic applications.
Anion diffusion processes in O- and N-mayenite investigated by neutron powder diffraction (2008)

The crystal structure of mayenite (ideal composition: Ca12Al14O33) consists of a (disordered) calcium-aluminate framework comprising 32 of the 33 oxygen anions. It contains large open cages, 1/6 of them being filled randomly by the remaining “free” oxygen which is available for diffusion and very high ionic conductivities. This extraframework oxygen could be substituted by nitrogen, opening up possibilities for a pure nitrogen ionic conductor. From high temperature neutron powder diffraction experiments, data analysis employing difference Fourier methods and anharmonic Debye-Waller factors and comparing pure O-mayenite with partly exchanged N/O-mayenite it is concluded that oxygen diffusion proceeds via jump-like processes, intimately coupled to relaxations of Ca and involving exchange of the “free” oxygen with framework oxygen, while nitrogen diffusion appears to proceed via an interstitial process.
Isoflurane-induced Dilation of Porcine Coronary Microvessels Is Endothelium Dependent and Inhibited by Glibenclamide (2002)

The authors conclude that isoflurane dilates coronary resistance arterioles in a dose-dependent manner, and that this dilation is partially mediated by adenosine triphosphate-sensitive channels and is highly dependent on the presence of a functioning endothelium.
Enzymatic Characteristics of Biosynthesis and Degradation of Poly-$\beta$-hydroxybutyrate of Alcaligenes latus (1996)

The enzymatic characteristics of Alcaligenes latus were investigated by measuring the variations of various enzyme activities related to biosynthesis and degradation of poly--hydroxybutyrate (PHB) during cultivation. All PHB biosynthetic enzymes, -ketothiolase, acetoacetyl-CoA reductase, and PHB synthase, were activated gradually at the PHB accumulation stage, and the PHB synthase showed the highest value among three enzymes. This indicates that the rate of PHB biosynthesis is mainly controlled by either -ketothiolase or acetoacetyl-CoA reductase rather than PHB synthase. The enzymatic activities related to the degradation of PHB were also measured, and the degradation of PHB was controlled by the activity of PHB depolymerase. The effect of supplements of metabolic regulators, citrate and tyrosine, was also investigated, and the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was increased by metabolic regulators, especially by tyrosine. The activities of -ketothiolase and acetoacetyl-CoA reductase were also activated by citrate and tyrosine, while the activity of PHB depolymerase was depressed. The increased rate and yield of PHB biosynthesis by metabolic regulators may be due to the increment of acetyl-CoA concentration either by the repression of the TCA cycle by citrate through product inhibition or by the activation of sucrose metabolism by the supplemented tyrosine.
Supplementary Table from Novel Group C Oncolytic Adenoviruses Carrying a miRNA Inhibitor Demonstrate Enhanced Oncolytic Activity <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> (2023)

Supplementary Table from Novel Group C Oncolytic Adenoviruses Carrying a miRNA Inhibitor Demonstrate Enhanced Oncolytic Activity &lt;i&gt;In Vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;In Vivo&lt;/i&gt;
(Invited) Understanding Charge Separation in Semiconductor for Efficient Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting (2018)

To mitigate the global warming issue caused by the current heavy dependence on fossil fuels, the researchers propose hydrogen as an alternative energy carrier, which can be produced from water splitting in a photoelectrochemical (PEC) cell. In the PEC cell, sunlight can be absorbed and stored in the form of chemical energy (i.e. hydrogen) by using a semiconductor photoelectrode. To achieve an efficient photocatalytic electrode, the semiconductor material has to satisfy several requirements such as high visible-light absorbing ability, effective charge separation, and fast catalytic reaction on its surface. However, a single semiconductor material often fails to have poor overall efficiency. Therefore, combination of two or more semiconductor junctions are suggested to compensate the other material’s drawbacks. For example, WO 3 /BiVO 4 heterojunction is one of the successful combinations in which WO 3 play a role in electron transfer and BiVO 4 increases the visible light absorption to increase the photoanodic water splitting performance. The charge separation properties at the WO 3 and BiVO 4 interface are characterized by measuring the photocurrent in the absence/presence of hole scavengers, light absorption spectroscopy, and intensity-modulated photocurrent spectroscopy (IMPS). The morphology and the thickness of the mesoporous WO 3 layer were controlled to monitor to understand the charge separation efficiency at the interface. Our study can provide insights to heterojunction design. Meanwhile, a p-type chalcopyrite Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S) 2 (CIGS) semiconductor was prepared by a solution precursor processed method and used as a photocathode for hydrogen evolution reaction, and charge separation properties on its surface was studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurement. By controlling the surface states and introducing the passivation layer of ZnS, the photocurrent with the CIGS thin film on the transparent FTO substrate was significantly improved. Also, CIGS on FTO substrates was useful to compare PEC performances under forward and backward illumination conditions. Since slow electron transfer in CIGS photocathode is believed to limit PEC performance, further decrease of the defect structure of CIGS film is desirable for efficient solar-to-hydrogen conversion.
Adversarial Video Compression Guided by Soft Edge Detection (2018)

We propose a video compression framework using conditional Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). We rely on two encoders: one that deploys a standard video codec and another which generates low-level maps via a pipeline of down-sampling, a newly devised soft edge detector, and a novel lossless compression scheme. For decoding, we use a standard video decoder as well as a neural network based one, which is trained using a conditional GAN. Recent "deep" approaches to video compression require multiple videos to pre-train generative networks to conduct interpolation. In contrast to this prior work, our scheme trains a generative decoder on pairs of a very limited number of key frames taken from a single video and corresponding low-level maps. The trained decoder produces reconstructed frames relying on a guidance of low-level maps, without any interpolation. Experiments on a diverse set of 131 videos demonstrate that our proposed GAN-based compression engine achieves much higher quality reconstructions at very low bitrates than prevailing standard codecs such as H.264 or HEVC.
Injection withdrawal tracer tests to assess proppant placement (2023)

Placement of proppant in subterranean formations during hydraulic fracturing is assessed. A method of one aspect includes introducing a hydraulic fracturing fluid including a proppant into a subterranean formation through a well. Samples of the hydraulic fracturing fluid are recovered through the well over a period of time. A concentration of at least one tracer in each of the samples is determined. The concentrations of the at least one tracer in the samples are analyzed to assess placement of the proppant in the subterranean formation. Other methods, apparatus, and systems are also disclosed.
Regulation of the unfolded protein response by noncoding RNA (2017)

Cells are exposed to various intrinsic and extrinsic stresses in both physiological and pathological conditions. To adapt to those conditions, cells have evolved various mechanisms to cope with the disturbances in protein demand, largely through the unfolded protein response (UPR) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), but also through the integrated stress response (ISR). Both responses initiate downstream signaling to transcription factors that, in turn, trigger adaptive programs and/or in the case of prolonged stress, cell death mechanisms. Recently, noncoding RNAs, including microRNA and long noncoding RNA, have emerged as key players in the stress responses. These noncoding RNAs act as both regulators and effectors of the UPR and fine-tune the output of the stress signaling pathways. Although much is known about the UPR and the cross talk that exists between pathways, the contribution of small noncoding RNA has not been fully assessed. Herein we bring together and review the current known functions of noncoding RNA in regulating adaptive pathways in both physiological and pathophysiological conditions, illustrating how they operate within the known UPR functions and contribute to diverse cellular outcomes.
The Global TB Drug Facility: innovative global procurement. (2004)

The Global TB Drug Facility (GDF) is a new initiative to increase access to high quality tuberculosis drugs. The GDF, a project of the Global Partnership to Stop TB, is managed by its secretariat, in the World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva. It aims to provide tuberculosis drugs to treat up to 11.6 million patients over the next 5 years and to assist countries to reach the WHO global TB control targets by 2005. The GDF was launched on 24 March 2001. Six rounds of applications have been completed, with 46 countries and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) approved for support. The GDF is not a traditional procurement mechanism. It has adopted an innovative approach to the supply of drugs, by linking demand for drugs to supply and monitoring, using partners to provide services, using product packaging to simplify drug management and linking grants to TB programme performance. This paper describes the GDF operational procedures and experience gained so far. Key achievements to date are also outlined, including the creation of a flexible supply system to meet differing programme needs, rapid establishment of procedures, reduction in TB drug prices--a catalyst for DOTS expansion in countries, standardisation of products, and collaboration with partners. The GDF is flexible enough to meet the needs of countries with a TB burden. The GDF experience could be used as an example for global procurement of drugs and commodities for other diseases, such as HIV/AIDS and malaria. In the future it is likely that the GDF will expand to include second-line drugs and diagnostic materials for TB and could assist other partnerships to develop similar mechanisms and facilities to meet country needs.
Optimization and Control of Production of Graphene (2017)

Graphene is a 2-dimensional element of high practical importance. Despite its exceptional properties, graphene’s real applications in industrial or commercial products have been limited. There are many methods to produce graphene, but none has been successful in commercializing its production. Roll-to-roll plasma chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is used to manufacture graphene at large scale. In this research, we present a Bayesian linear regression model to predict the roll-to-roll plasma system’s electrode voltage and current; given a particular set of inputs. The inputs of the plasma system are power, pressure and concentration of gases; hydrogen, methane, oxygen, nitrogen and argon. This voltage/current modeling will help in better understanding the plasma physics which is directly related to the quality of graphene produced. The above model is based on a dataset which was formed using 100 different input conditions and then measuring the electrode voltage/current corresponding to those inputs. Our model demonstrates the advantages of Bayesian approach that captures the epistemic uncertainty in the model parameters, which is important when dealing with small size data set. Our algorithm predicts the regression coefficients which are used to approximate the output voltage and current. The model presented in this research will give insights about the plasma physics and thus help in optimization of production of graphene.
Copper Oxide Nanocrystals (2005)

It is well-known that inorganic nanocrystals are a benchmark model for nanotechnology, given that the tunability of optical properties and the stabilization of specific phases are uniquely possible at the nanoscale. Copper (I) oxide (Cu(2)O) is a metal oxide semiconductor with promising applications in solar energy conversion and catalysis. To understand the Cu/Cu(2)O/CuO system at the nanoscale, we have developed a method for preparing highly uniform monodisperse nanocrystals of Cu(2)O. The procedure also serves to demonstrate our development of a generalized method for the synthesis of transition metal oxide nanocrystals. Cu nanocrystals are initially formed and subsequently oxidized to form highly crystalline Cu(2)O. The volume change during phase transformation can induce crystal twinning. Absorption in the visible region of the spectrum gave evidence for the presence of a thin, epitaxial layer of CuO, which is blue-shifted, and appears to increase in energy as a function of decreasing particle size. XPS confirmed the thin layer of CuO, calculated to have a thickness of approximately 5 A. We note that the copper (I) oxide phase is surprisingly well-stabilized at this length scale.
A Si MMIC compatible ferroelectric varactor shunt switch for microwave applications (2005)

This letter describes a ferroelectric thin-film based varactor shunt switch, for microwave and millimeterwave switching applications. Our implementation is based on a coplanar waveguide transmission line shunted by a ferroelectric varactor. The concept of switching ON and OFF is based on the dielectric tunability of the ferroelectric barium strontium titanium oxide (BST) thin-films. From experimental verification, the isolation of a switch with a varactor area of 75μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> was approximately 20dB at 35GHz and the insertion loss was below 4.5dB up to 35GHz. This letter addresses the design and experimental verification of the first ferroelectric varactor shunt switch with an Si monolithic microwave integrated circuit compatible process.