gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reliability Study of C-Doped AlGaAs/GaAs Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors with Half-Micron-Wide Emitters (1996)

The reliability of C-doped AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) with emitter widths of 0.5 and 0.8 µ m is studied at base-emitter junction temperatures ranging from 240° C to 290° C with an emitter current density of 1.0×10 5 A/cm 2 . Although there is no difference between the initial current-voltage characteristics of HBTs fabricated using wet etching and dry etching processes, the bias stress increases the base current of the dry-etched HBTs. The excess base current has an ideality factor of two, which indicates that the damage caused during dry etching produces recombination centers during minority carrier injection. The activation energy for the current gain degradation is found to be 0.89 eV.
Enhanced polarisation self-switching in a vertical-cavitysurface-emitting laser by gainsaturation of transverse modes (1994)

Enhanced polarisation self-switching is observed in a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser by involving gain saturation due to transverse mode competition. Switching between orthogonal polarisations is triggered by a quarter-wave plate external cavity and does not change the total output power.
Influence of ethanol on metabolism of methamphetamine in rats including hair analysis. (2001)

To investigate possible influences of ethanol (EtOH) on metabolism of methamphetamine (MA), dark agouti (DA) rats were assigned to 3 groups including EtOH mono-dosing group, MA mono-dosing group and combined dosing group of EtOH and MA. Following successive administration of respective drugs, time-course changes of plasma and urine levels of EtOH and its metabolites, as well as alterations of plasma, urine, hair levels of the MA and its metabolites, were monitored. Preliminary hydrolysis of the glucuronate conjugates was required because parahydroxymethamphetamine (p-OHMA) and parahydroxyamphetamine (p-OHAP) were promptly conjugated with glucuronic acid in the body. When compared with EtOH group, the maximum plasma concentration of EtOH occurred with some delay in EtOH + MA group, suggesting possibility of some delay of its metabolism. MA concentrations in EtOH + MA group were slightly higher until 6 hours after administration when EtOH was detectable in the blood whereas concentrations of amphetamine (AP) in EtOH + MA group were less, on the contrary. Concentrations of p-OHMA and p-OHAP were obviously less in EtOH + MA group. These findings indicate that N-demethylation and parahydroxylation of aromatic ring of MA would be inhibited in the presence of EtOH. Concentrations of MA and AP in hair were higher in EtOH + MA group. Not only difference in AUC but also possible increase in uptake of the drugs into hair could likely account for this phenomenon.
Establishment of Standard Reference Material Purity by Using 31P FT-NMR Comparison to Surrogate Material (1990)

Abstract Chromatography, thermal methods, and other associated physical determinations have been applied to the assignment of purities to standard reference materials. Each of these techniques has limitations, and each generally requires a primary standard of known purity. The establishment of purities on organophosphorus compounds can easily be performed without the availability of a typical primary standard by using proton decoupled 31P FT-NMR comparison to surrogate materials of known purity. A proposed analytical standard reference material of oxydemeton-methyl was evaluated using a 7.3 Tesla FT-NMR (300 MHz proton) using inverse-gated WALTZ decoupling. The resulting phosphorus singlet was compared with that of trlmethyl phosphate. This technique for purity assignment was confirmed by 2 additional experiments: (1) comparison of an established standard and a blind sample of demeton-S-methyl (Metasystox-I®) , with trlmethyl phosphate and (2) comparison of an established standard of disulfoton (Dl-Syston®) vs 0,0,0-trimethyl phosphorothloate.
Abstract P296: Racial Differences in Hyperglycemia: Comparative Prognostic Value of Traditional and Nontraditional Glycemic Markers (2015)

Background: Associations of nontraditional measures of hyperglycemia with clinical outcomes in blacks and whites are unknown and could help address the debate over race-specific cut-points for hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Methods: We included 9,434 white and 2,898 black participants from the ARIC Study with measures of HbA1c, fructosamine, glycated albumin and 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) at visit 2 (1990-92). Diagnosed diabetes was defined by self-reported physician diagnosis of diabetes or glucose-lowering medication use. We created cut-points for the nontraditional markers corresponding to accepted HbA1c clinical cut-points. For each glycemic marker, we used Cox models to assess adjusted associations with incident coronary heart disease (CHD), ischemic stroke, heart failure and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) through 2011; and logistic regression for concurrent retinopathy. We included an interaction term for category of glycemia and race. Results: Median levels in blacks versus whites without diagnosed diabetes were 5.7 and 5.4% for HbA1c; 234 and 225 μmol/L for fructosamine; 13.3 and 12.5% for glycated albumin; and 17.3 and 19.0 μg/mL for 1,5-AG, respectively. Median levels in blacks versus whites with diagnosed diabetes were 8.8 and 7.4% for HbA1c; 344 and 292 μmol/L for fructosamine; 22.5 and 17.7% for glycated albumin; and 3.5 and 6.6 μg/mL for 1,5-AG, respectively. Associations of hyperglycemia, as assessed by different glycemic markers, with CHD and ESRD were similar by race (p-values for interaction &gt;0.20, Figure ). Results were similar for stroke, heart failure and retinopathy (p-values for interaction &gt;0.10). Conclusions: Blacks had consistently higher levels of glycemia than whites as assessed by higher HbA1c, fructosamine, and glycated albumin, and lower 1,5-AG. However, associations of all glycemic markers with outcomes were similar by race. Our results support the use of similar clinical cut-points for diagnosis and management of diabetes using HbA1c in blacks and whites.
Neues Bail-out-Verfahren zur Schaffung eines Dialysezugangs bei Verschluss der V. cava superior (2021)

Ein 69-jahriger Patient mit terminaler, dialysepflichtiger Niereninsuffizienz wurde bei hochgradigem Verdacht auf Katheterinfekt bei einliegendem Vorhofkatheter jugular rechts notfallmassig zugewiesen.
ChemInform Abstract: Zelkovamycin, a New Cyclic Peptide Antibiotic from Streptomyces sp. K96‐0670. Part 2. Structure Elucidation. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Effects of Liposome-Encapsulated Ciprofloxacin on Phagocytosis, Nitric Oxide and Intracellular Killing ofStaphylococcus Aureusby Murine Macrophages (2000)

The effects of liposome-encapsulated ciprofloxacin on phagocytosis, nitric oxide production and intracellular killing of Staphylococcus aureus in murine macrophages were evaluated in this study. Mice were pretreated with three daily doses of liposome-encapsulated ciprofloxacin (45 mg/kg body weight/dose, intraperitoneal injection). At day 3 post drug administration, peritoneal macrophages were harvested by peritoneal lavage, and the phagocytic activity of the macrophages was determined by a chemiluminescence assay using opsonized zymosan particles. The phagocytic activity was found to be 7-fold higher in the liposome-encapsulated ciprofloxacin-treated group when compared to the untreated control group. For S. aureus-infected macrophages incubated with liposomes containing subinhibitory concentrations of ciprofloxacin (0.05 to 0.25 microg/mL), there were significant increases (up to 40 microM) in the levels of nitrite (NO2-, an end product of nitric oxide synthesis), and concommitant decreases (2-3 log) in the intracellular concentrations of S. aureus. Peak nitrite levels (20-40 microM) were produced when concentrations of liposome-encapsulated ciprofloxacin used were 0.1 to 0.25 microg/mL. These results suggest that liposome-encapsulated ciprofloxacin may have profound effects on the immunological functions of macrophages.
SOX2 activation predicts prognosis in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (2018)

SOX2 copy number and mRNA expression were analysed to examine the clinical significance of SOX2 activation in HNSCC. Gene expression signatures reflecting SOX2 activation were identified in an HNSCC cohort. Patients with HNSCC were classified into two subgroups according to the gene expression signature: SOX2-high and SOX2-low. The clinical significance of SOX2 activation was further validated in two independent cohorts. Moreover, clinical significance of SOX2 activation in response to radiotherapy was assessed in patients with HNSCC. The relationship between SOX2 activation and radiotherapy was validated in an in vitro experiment. Patients in the SOX2-high subgroup had a better prognosis than patients in the SOX2-low subgroup in all three patient cohorts. Results of multivariate regression analysis showed that SOX2 signature was an independent predictor of the overall survival of patients with HNSCC (hazard ratio, 1.45; 95% confidence interval, 1.09-1.92; P = 0.01). Interestingly, SOX2 activation was a predictor of therapy outcomes in patients receiving radiotherapy. Moreover, SOX2 overexpression enhanced the effect of radiotherapy in HNSCC cell lines. SOX2 activation is associated with improved prognosis of patients with HNSCC and might be used to predict which patients might benefit from radiotherapy.
Effects of the goldspotted oak borer, Agrilus auroguttatus, on the health of coast live oak, Quercus agrifolia, in southern California before and after treatment with two systemic insecticides (2015)

The invasive goldspotted oak borer, Agrilus auroguttatus (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), is threatening the health and survival of oak trees in San Diego County, California (Flint and others 2013). The primary oak species colonized and killed in this area include coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia), California black oak (Quercus kelloggii), and canyon live oak (Quercus chrysolepis). The high amount of damage recorded on these hosts suggests that the association between A. auroguttatus and these oaks is recent. Damage by A. auroguttatus in its native range in Arizona to Emory oak (Quercus emoryi) and silverleaf oak (Quercus hypoleucoides), is much less severe (Coleman and others 2012), suggesting a longer co-evolutionary relationship. Preventive and suppressive chemical treatment techniques have not previously been tested for the control of A. auroguttatus in California. Management activities have focused primarily on treatment of infested oak wood (Jones and others 2013). We report on a 3.5-year investigation of the efficacy of two systemic insecticides, emamectin benzoate (EB) and imidacloprid (IC), for controlling A. auroguttatus in Q. agrifolia, in San Diego County.
A persistent store for large shared knowledge bases (1991)

A knowledge-base management system (KBMS) with the following goals is proposed: (1) to allow a knowledge engineer to update a knowledge base and have these updates persist on secondary storage, (2) to allow multiple knowledge engineers to have shared access to a knowledge base and modify the knowledge base concurrently, and (3) to maintain consistency of the shared knowledge base as it evolves. At the heart of the KBMS is the version store, which is a persistent storage structure that maintains multiple versions of a knowledge base. Retrieve and update operations are defined on the version store to efficiently access and modify any version. Objects in the version store are clustered to support efficient access of an entire version or some subparts of it. To store the effects of an update requires space proportional to the size of the update and which is independent of the size of the knowledge base. The additional cost of maintaining multiple versions is within a small constant factor of maintaining a single version.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Smoothened Activates Gαi-mediated Signaling in Frog Melanophores (2000)

The 7-pass transmembrane protein Smoothened was investigated for its ability to act as a G-protein-coupled receptor in Xenopus laevis melanophores. A plasmid containing the human Smoothened cDNA insert was transfected into immortalized frog pigment cells. Cells expressing the protein showed a phenotype of persistent pigment aggregation, a hallmark of constitutive Galpha(i) activation. Smoothened-mediated pigment aggregation was reversed by treatment with pertussis toxin or by co-expression with dominant negative Galpha(i). The ability of melanophores to express functional Smoothened was also determined by its co-expression with the twelve-pass transmembrane protein, Patched. Patched blocked Smoothened-mediated melanosome aggregation in a dose-dependent manner, consistent with its physiological role as an inhibitor of Smoothened. That the reconstituted Patched-Smoothened receptor complex functions normally in pigment cells was demonstrated by co-transfection with the activating ligand, Sonic hedgehog, as well as by direct application of the recombinant Sonic hedgehog protein. Sonic hedgehog reversed Patched-mediated inhibition of Smoothened and induced pigment aggregation. The findings demonstrate that the human Sonic hedgehog receptor complex can be functionally reconstituted in melanophores and that it is capable of transmembrane signaling by utilizing endogenous Galpha(i).
R2P= MDGs: Implementing the Responsibility to Protect through the Millennium Development Goals (2012)

This essay is a peaceful call to arms based on the understanding that an essential way to fight the most egregious and widespread human rights abuses is through a broad-spectrum approach to human security grounded in the Millennium Development Goals and a new, non-military, understanding of humanitarian intervention. The responsibility to protect, often cited as a justification for military force to stop genocide, crimes against humanity, and other widespread human rights abuses, is better seen as a commitment by all nations to strengthen their own social welfare and human rights systems, and for those nations with more resources to assist those with less to do the same. Section A below reviews the United Nations' early emphasis on constraining the use of military force and promoting human rights in both civil-political and socio-economic terms. Section B contrasts the prevailing contemporary responses of the international community to varying types of human rights abuses. Section C focuses on two important twenty-first century developments in international law: the responsibility to protect (R2P) and the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). I conclude by arguing that a socio-economic vision of humanitarian intervention provides the international community with a vital opportunity to return to first principles regarding the meaning of human dignity and security.
Velocity analysis in the data domain – overview and prospects (2008)

Automatic versions of migration velocity analysis provide velocity background models that&lt;br&gt;can serve as a starting point for migration or least-squares inversion. When dealing with&lt;br&gt;primary reflections, current methods perform well. They tend to break down, however, when&lt;br&gt;strong multiples are present. This is due to the single scattering approximation that underlies&lt;br&gt;most migration algorithms. When multiples are interpreted as primaries, they may end up at&lt;br&gt;the wrong depth with the wrong apparent velocity. In the data-domain, it should in principle&lt;br&gt;be possible to match observed with predicted multiples and use them for velocity estimation.&lt;br&gt;We present a method for performing the velocity analysis in the data domain and include tests&lt;br&gt;on multiple-free synthetic data and on real data, using the convolutional model to model the&lt;br&gt;data. We also outline ideas on how the method is expected to behave in the presence of&lt;br&gt;multiples.
Yat: a validation framework for persistent memory software (2014)

This paper describes the design and implementation of Yat. Yat is a hypervisor-based framework that supports testing of applications that use Persistent Memory (PM)--byte-addressable, non-volatile memory attached directly to the memory controller. PM has implications on both system architecture and software. The PM architecture extends the memory ordering model to add software-visible support for durability of stores to PM. By simulating the characteristics of PM, and integrating an application-specific checker in the framework, Yat enables validation, correctness testing, and debugging of PM software in the presence of power failures and crashes. We discuss the use of Yat in development and testing of the Persistent Memory File System (PMFS), describing the effectiveness of Yat in catching and debugging several hard-to-find bugs in PMFS.
Determinants of anti-PD-1 response and resistance in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (2021)

ADAPTeR is a prospective, phase II study of nivolumab (anti-PD-1) in 15 treatment-naive patients (115 multiregion tumor samples) with metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) aiming to understand the mechanism underpinning therapeutic response. Genomic analyses show no correlation between tumor molecular features and response, whereas ccRCC-specific human endogenous retrovirus expression indirectly correlates with clinical response. T cell receptor (TCR) analysis reveals a significantly higher number of expanded TCR clones pre-treatment in responders suggesting pre-existing immunity. Maintenance of highly similar clusters of TCRs post-treatment predict response, suggesting ongoing antigen engagement and survival of families of T cells likely recognizing the same antigens. In responders, nivolumab-bound CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells are expanded and express GZMK/B. Our data suggest nivolumab drives both maintenance and replacement of previously expanded T cell clones, but only maintenance correlates with response. We hypothesize that maintenance and boosting of a pre-existing response is a key element of anti-PD-1 mode of action.
Ethanol Dehydrogenation with a Palladium Membrane Reactor:  An Alternative to Wacker Chemistry (1998)

The use of a membrane reactor offers the possibility of shifting the extent of reaction beyond the normal equilibrium position by continuously depleting one of the products. One such case is the dehydrogenation of ethanol to acetaldehyde. Formation of acetaldehyde is endothermic and overall unfavorable, but the secondary formation of ethyl acetate from the product and reactant is exothermic and favorable. Therefore, it is observed that the secondary product forms under catalytic reaction conditions, thereby dropping the yield of the desired aldehyde product. Herein, we show how the use of a palladium membrane to remove hydrogen in conjunction with a catalyst leads to a shift further to the right in the acetaldehyde-forming step before the product can react deleteriously with ethanol, and thereby increase the yield of acetaldehyde substantially over the conventional reactor case. With the membrane, ethanol conversion increased from 60% to nearly 90% with a commensurate rise in selectivity to acetaldehyde from 35% to 70%, moving the yield from 21% to 63%.
Proteomic Analysis of the Mammalian Mitochondrial Ribosome (2001)

The mammalian mitochondrial ribosome (mitoribosome) has a highly protein-rich composition with a small sedimentation coefficient of 55 S, consisting of 39 S large and 28 S small subunits. In the previous study, we analyzed 39 S large subunit proteins from bovine mitoribosome (Suzuki, T., Terasaki, M., Takemoto-Hori, C., Hanada, T., Ueda, T., Wada, A., and Watanabe, K. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276, 21724-21736). The results suggested structural compensation for the rRNA deficit through proteins of increased molecular mass in the mitoribosome. We report here the identification of 28 S small subunit proteins. Each protein was separated by radical-free high-reducing two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and analyzed by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry using electrospray ionization/ion trap mass spectrometer to identify cDNA sequence by expressed sequence tag data base searches in silico. Twenty one proteins from the small subunit were identified, including 11 new proteins along with their complete cDNA sequences from human and mouse. In addition to these proteins, three new proteins were also identified in the 55 S mitoribosome. We have clearly identified a mitochondrial homologue of S12, which is a key regulatory protein of translation fidelity and a candidate for the autosomal dominant deafness gene, DFNA4. The apoptosis-related protein DAP3 was found to be a component of the small subunit, indicating a new function for the mitoribosome in programmed cell death. In summary, we have mapped a total of 55 proteins from the 55 S mitoribosome on the two-dimensional polyacrylamide gels.
Regelung der stromrichtergespeisten Drehstrom- Asynchronmaschine mit einem Mikrorechner/ Control of the converter-fed three-phase induction motor by a microprocessor (1979)

Article Regelung der stromrichtergespeisten Drehstrom- Asynchronmaschine mit einem Mikrorechner/ Control of the converter-fed three-phase induction motor by a microprocessor was published on December 1, 1979 in the journal at - Automatisierungstechnik (volume 27, issue 1-12).
Dynamic behavior of butterfly wing (2005)

In order to clarify the flight mechanism of butterfly, we have observed the butterfly flight using high-speed camera. The Test butterfly is Cynthia cardui and its diameter is 25mm in wing chord length, 30mm in wing span length, 254mm2 in wing area and 160mg in weight. Especially, we have discussed the dynamic behavior of butterfly wing in flight motion, such as the elastic deformation of wing, the trajectory of wing tip and the flapping angle of wing. In flight motion of butterfly, the wing carried out elastic deformation not only in the wing span direction but also in the wing chord direction. The flapping angle shows the periodic triangular waveform and the ratio of between the up stroke and down stroke of flapping motion is about 1:1.25.
Pneumatic solids feeder for coal gasification reactor (1991)

This invention is comprised of a pneumatic feeder system for a coal gasification reactor which includes one or more feeder tubes entering the reactor above the level of the particle bed inside the reactor. The tubes are inclined downward at their outer ends so that coal particles introduced into the tubes through an aperture at the top of the tubes slides downward away from the reactor and does not fall directly into the reactor. Pressurized gas introduced into, or resulting from ignition of recycled combustible gas in a chamber adjacent to the tube ends, propels the coal from the tube into the reactor volume and onto the particle bed. Leveling of the top of the bed is carried out by a bladed rotor mounted on the reactor stirring shaft. Coal is introduced into the tubes from containers above the tubes by means of rotary valves placed across supply conduits. This system avoids placement of feeder hardware in the plenum above the particle bed and keeps the coal from being excessively heated prior to reaching the particle bed.