gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantification of Solar Cell Failure Signatures Based on Statistical Analysis of Electroluminescence Images (2017)

We propose a method to identify and quantify the extent of solar cell cracks, shunting, or damaged cell interconnects, present in crystalline silicon photovoltaic (PV) modules by statistical analysis of the electroluminescence (EL) intensity distributions of individual cells within the module. From the EL intensity distributions (ELID) of each cell, we calculated summary statistics such as standard deviation, median, skewness and kurtosis, and analyzed how they correlate with the type of the solar cell degradation. We found that the dispersion of the ELID increases with the size and severity of the solar cell cracks, correlating with an increase in standard deviation and decrease in kurtosis. For shunted cells, we found that the ELID median is strongly correlated with the extent of cell shunting. Last, cells with damaged interconnect ribbons show current crowding and increased series resistance regions, characterized by increased dispersion and skewness of the ELID. These cell-level diagnostic parameters can be used to quantify the level of mismatch between the solar cells in the module, which can represent the extent of the module degradation, due to transportation, installation, or field operation. The method can be easily automated for quality control by module manufacturers or installers, or can be used as a diagnostic tool by plant operators and diagnostic service providers.
Ozone: The Revolution in Dentistry (2005)

Recent technical advances have made in possible to use ozone to small areas of dental hard tissues in the treatment of dental caries. This volume provides an overview of the technique, covering, among other topics, the history of ozone clinical applications, mechanisms of action, safety aspects, required equipment, evidence-based research on the tr
Review of 'Moma Lola: A Vodou Priestess in Brooklyn' (Brown); and 'The Taste of Blood: Spirit Possession in Brazilian Candomble' (Wafer) (1990)

A more effective vaccine against Mycobacterium tuberculosis is needed, and a number of M. tuberculosis vaccine candidates are currently in preclinical or clinical phase I and II studies. One of the strategies to select M. tuberculosis (protein) targets to elicit a CD8(+) or CD4(+) T-cell response is to gauge the binding of candidate peptides to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I or class II molecules, a prerequisite for successful peptide presentation and to expand antigen-specific T cells. We scanned 61 proteins from the M. tuberculosis proteome for potential MHC class II-presented epitopes that could serve as targets for CD4(+) T-cell responses. We constructed a peptide microarray consisting of 7,466 unique peptides derived from 61 M. tuberculosis proteins. The peptides were 15-mers overlapping by 12 amino acids. Soluble recombinant DRB1*0101 (DR1), DRB1*1501 (DR2), and DRB1*0401 (DR4) monomers were used to gauge binding to individual peptide species. Out of 7,466 peptides, 1,282, 674, and 1,854 peptides formed stable complexes with HLA-DR1, -DR2, and -DR4, respectively. Five hundred forty-four peptides bound to all three MHC class II molecules, 609 bound to only two, and 756 bound to only a single MHC class II molecule. This allowed us to rank M. tuberculosis proteins by epitope density. M. tuberculosis proteins contained "hot spots," i.e., regions with enriched MHC class II binding epitopes. Two hundred twenty-two peptides that formed MHC class II-peptide complexes had previously been described as exclusively recognized by IgG in sera from patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis, but not in sera from healthy individuals, suggesting that these peptides serve as B-cell and CD4(+) T-cell epitopes. This work helps to identify not only M. tuberculosis peptides with immunogenic potential, but also the most immunogenic proteins. This information is useful for vaccine design and the development of future tools to explore immune responses to M. tuberculosis.
<title>Motion analysis of both ventricles using tagged MRI</title> (2000)

Although several methods exist for the analysis of tagged MRI images of the left ventricle (LV), analysis of the right ventricle (RV) remains challenging due to its complex anatomy and significant through plane motion. We present here preliminary results of our new motion analysis method, both for RV and LV, in healthy human volunteers. In this method, following standard myocardial and tag segmentation of cardiac gated cine tagged MR images; a 4D B-spline based parametric motion field was computed for a volume of interest encompassing both ventricles. Using this motion field, 3D displacements and strains were calculated on the RV and LV. We observed that for both chambers the circumferential strain (Ecc) decreased with a constant rate throughout systole. The systolic strain rate displayed spatial similarity not only for the LV but also for the RV. For RV free wall, mean systolic Ecc was -0.19 +/- 0.05 with an average coefficient of variability of 20%. The 4D B-spline based motion analysis technique for tagged MRI yields compatible results for the LV and gives consistent circumferential strain measures for the RV free wall. Tagged MRI based RV mechanical analysis can be used along with LV results for a more complete cardiac evaluation.
DyFeCo MAGNETO-OPTICAL DISKS WITH Ce-SiO2 PROTECTIVE FILM (1991)

We developed a DyFeCo magneto-optical disk using a Ce-SiO2 protective film. The disk structure, composition, and conditions for the preparation of samples were optimized to provide adequate read-write characteristics from 0 to 60°C. The lifetime of the disk is estimated to be at least 35 years.
On the use of a Palm Computer for Design Review Interaction in a Virtual Room (2008)

Increasingly often the use of photorealistic models for design review processes involves the setup of special\nrooms, fully dedicated to visualize digital models onto large display, the so called CADwall. In this scenario an\neffective interaction with virtual prototypes is a basic need, but it is almost always based on traditional input\ndevices, such as mouse and keyboard. The design review process is usually led by a chief designer, but the use\nof traditional interaction tools requires an additional operator. This operator is guided by the chief designer\nthrough vocal inputs in a slow, misleading and inefficient way.\nIn this paper we propose a solution based on a handheld device and an inertial sensor node, with a graphic\ninterface that allows a direct interaction with 3-D digital models inside virtual rooms with large displays.
The Role of Ca2+ and Protein Phosphorylation in Glycerol Dissimilation under Hypoosmotic Stress in the Halotolerant Alga Dunaliella. (1998)

The role of Ca2+ and protein phosphorylation in glycerol dissimilation under hypoosmotic stress in the halotorelant alga Dunaliella was investigated by a pharmacological approach. A stretch-activated Ca2+ channel blocker, GdCl3, inhibited glycerol dissimilation under hypoosmotic stress. Glycerol dissimilation under hypoosmotic stress was also inhibited in the presence of protein kinase inhibitors, K-252a and staurosporine. K-252a and staurosporine potently inhibits several types of protein kinase including serine/ threonine- and tyrosine-type protein kinases. Erbstatin analog (metyl 2, 5-dihydroxy-cinnamate), a specific inhibitor of tyrosine-type protein kinase, however, had no effect on glycerol dissimilation under hypoosmotic stress. The results of the present study suggest that Ca2+ influx from the extracellular space and protein phosphorylation by K-252a- and staurosporine-sensitive protein kinase (s) appear to be participate in the process of glycerol dissimilation under hypoosmotic stress in Dunaliella.
Selective antifungal activity of shorter active analogues of bactenecin7 against Fusarium moniliforme (2004)

8actenecin7 (8ac7), a cationic antibacterial peptide, cont ain s a repeating region of Xaa-Pro-Arg-Pro (Xaa = hydropho­ bic residue). To investi gate the structure and property of a Pro/Arg-rich region, we synthesized a series of peptides, Xaa­ Pro-Arg-Pro (Xaa = Gly, Arg, Leu , lie, and Ph e) as models and characteri zed. The conformati onal preferences of these pep­ tides in water and trifluoroethanol have been examined by circular dichroism. The results suggest the presence of largely poly(Pro)-I1 helical conformation in aq ueous a nd trifluoroethanol soluti ons. Their an tifungal activity against Aspergillus ni­ ger, Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium moniliforme have been measured at various peptide concentrations. All the synthetic tetrapeptide fragme nt s efficiently inhibit the growth of Fusarium mOl1iliforme at the concentration level of 8-10 f! glmL, but failed to inhibit the growth of Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus. IPC: Int.CI. 7 C 12 P 21/00 /I A 61 P 31/10
Comparative behaviour of calpain and cathepsin B toward peptidyl acyloxymethyl ketones, sulphonium methyl ketones and other potential inhibitors of cysteine proteinases (1992)

Peptidyl acyloxymethyl ketones, previously established as potent inactivators of the lysosomal cysteine proteinase cathepsin B, were evaluated against smooth-muscle calpain, a member of the family of Ca(2+)-dependent cysteine proteinases. Only modest rates of time-dependent inhibition could be achieved, even with peptidyl affinity groups optimized for calpain and linked to a carboxylate leaving group of very low pKa [2,6-(CF3)2PhCOO-, pKa 0.58]. Selective inactivation of cathespin B versus calpain was consistently observed with this type of inhibitor. Examination of other potential inhibitors revealed a rank order of potency against calpain to be: peptidyl sulphonium methyl ketones > fluoromethyl ketones, diazomethyl ketones >> acyloxymethyl ketones, an order which differs sharply from that found for cathespin B.
Biosafety Considerations of Mammalian-Transmissible H5N1 Influenza (2012)

The ability to produce an H5N1 influenza virus that can be transmitted from human to human raises both biosecurity and biosafety concerns. After analyzing the biosafety risks of such a virus, we propose that it be handled at biosafety level 4 (BSL4) containment until and unless it becomes clear that the risks to humans and other mammals can be mitigated.
Three-Dimensional Monte Carlo Device Simulation with Parallel Multigrid Solver (1997)

We present the results in embedding a multigrid solver for Poisson's equation into the parallel 3D Monte Carlo device simulator, PMC-3D. First we have implemented the sequential multigrid solver, and embedded it into the Monte Carlo code which previously was using the sequential successive overrelaxation (SOR) solver. Depending on the convergence threshold, we have obtained significant speedups ranging from 5 to 15 on a single HP 712/80 workstation. We have also implemented the parallel multigrid solver by extending the partitioning algorithm and the interprocessor communication routines of the SOR solver in order to service multiple grids. The Monte Carlo code with the parallel multigrid Poisson solver is 3 to 9 times faster than the Monte Carlo code with the parallel SOR code, based on timing results on a 32-node nCUBE multiprocessor.
PySciDON: A python scientific framework for development of ocean network applications (2017)

Remote sensing reflectance is measured by ocean colour satellites, and is used as a proxy for estimation of ocean productivity. However, satellite reflectance data needs to be validated so accurate productivity data is retrieved. To accomplish this, large amounts of in situ above-water reflectance data are collected by the SAS Solar Tracker developed by Satlantic, and installed in moving ships. This provides a large amount of data that needs to be calibrated, flagged for erroneous measurements, and further processed for proper validation of satellite measure reflectance. In this paper we compare our own system, PySciDON, with state-of-the-art commercial software. PySciDON filters data based on longitude, meteorological, and erroneous viewing angle flags, and further calculates reflectance based on input wind speeds, and simulation of different ocean colour satellite bands. As a case study, we tested PySciDON output with data acquired in 2016 on the west coast of Canada with FOCOS (Ferry Ocean Colour Observation Systems) and compared with Prosoft, a proprietary software by Satlantic. The analysis shows that in the early processing stages, PySciDON produces similar data as Prosoft. However, later processing stages show small differences, which could be associated with the interpolation model or some issues we have uncovered with Prosoft.
Emission Characteristics of Nitrous and Nirogen Oxides from a Bubbling Fluidized-Bed Coal Combustion and Comparison with the results from a Circulating Fluidized-Bed Combustion. (1994)

The effects of operating conditions, air staging, limestone feed and coal types on N2O and NOx emissions were examined using an experimental bubbling fluidized-bed combustor. N2O emission level increased with decreasing in bed temperature and increasing in residual oxygen concentration and superficial gas velocity. Both of air staging and limestone feed into the bed were effective for reduction of N2O emission. In general, N2O emission increased with nitrogen content in coal, though no reasonable correlation has been found between NOx emissions and the nitrogen content.The emission levels of N2O and NOx from the bubbling combustion were compared with those from circulating combustion, which was reported previously. Although total emissions of N2O and NOx from both types of combustion were almost same level, N2O emission from the bubbling combustion showed lower level than that from the circulating combustion. The reason for the difference in the emission levels of N2O and NOx from both types of combution was qualitatively discussed to take into account both differences in flow dynamics of bubbling and circulating beds and in chemical reactions under heterogeneous and homogeneous systems.
Synthesis of α,β-Unsaturated Sulphoximines via Wadsworth-Emmons Reactions ofS-[(Diethylphosphonyl)methyl]-S-phenyl-N-tosylsulphoximine Generated In Situ (1992)

Sequential reaction of S-methyl-S-phenyl-N-tosylsulphoximine (1) with butyllithium, potassium tert-butoxide and diethyl chlorophosphate, followed by the addition of aldehydes gives α,β-unsaturated sulphoximines 2 in good to excellent yield, and with high E-selectivity.
An Assay for Growth Hormone and Prolactin-Releasing Activities Using a Bovine Pituitary Cell Culture System (1974)

Bovine anterior pituitary cells were enzymatically dispersed and cultured for 3 to6 days in small petri dishes. The release of GH, PRL, or TSH into the media during a 4-hr incubation period was used as an index of releasing activity. Addition of I or more ng per ml of TRFincreased release of PRL and TSH and addition of over 10 ng⁄ml increased release of GH. Porcine hypothalamic fragments (SME) were extracted with 90% methanol and subjected togel filtration on Sephadex G-25. GH-releasing activity (GHRA) was eluted in fractions with elution volumes similar to TRF. When TRF in these fractions was destroyed by incubation with human serum, GHRA was maintained. Thus TRF did not account for the GHRA observed. A dose response wasobserved utilizing extracts containing the equivalent of 0.0025 to 0.25 SME. Lysine vasopressin,the “GHRA” peptide described by Schally et al. (1), LRF and several TRF analogs were inactive in this system. Purified HE (hypothalamic extract) also stimulated release of RL.Destruction of TRF by serum incubation did not eliminate HE-stimulated PRL release. (Endocrinology95: 1350, 1974)
The influence of substitute materials on bone density after maxillary sinus augmentation: a microcomputed tomography study. (2013)

Bone density increased after maxillary sinus augmentation for both PAB alone or in combination with substitute materials based on HA and/or Β-TCP particles. A larger sample size and a split-mouth design would help to reliably reveal significant differences between the single materials.
User's behavior and URL analysis at EC sites (2003)

The analysis of user behaviors at EC (Electronic Commerce) sites will allow EC companies to organize efficient web sites and marketers to make effective advertisements for the sites. Such an analysis needs to be implemented on the Internet in order to measure web audiences and ratings related to EC trading. This paper discusses observations made with a user behavior model at EC sites and proposes a new system to measure web audiences at EC sites. The systems use an easy and simple text match to achieve high-speed processing. The user behavior model is proposed based on the characteristics and classification of user behaviors and on URL logs indicating access to EC sites. The user behavior model is used in the proposed system to classify the access logs into four categories: (1) visiting, (2) searching or looking around the site, (3) selecting and ordering items, and (4) confirming the order. More specifically, these categories include user activities at EC sites, such as visiting a web site, searching for particular items, adding some items to a virtual shopping-cart and making order forms on the Internet, and confirming the order request. This URL classification analysis adopts easy and simple text match methods. This paper introduces our prototype and examination.
Characterizing differences in the collagen fiber organization of skin wounds using quantitative polarized light imaging (2019)

Collagen fiber organization requires characterization in many biomedical applications, but it is difficult to objectively quantify in standard histology tissue sections. Quantitative polarized light imaging is a low-cost technique that allows for rapid measurement of collagen fiber orientation and thickness. In this study, we utilize a quantitative polarized light imaging system to characterize fiber orientation and thickness from wound sections. Full thickness skin wound sections that were previously stained with hematoxylin and eosin were used to assess collagen fiber content and organization at different points during the wound healing process. Overall, wounds exhibited a measurable increase in collagen fiber thickness and a nonlinear change in fiber reorganization within the wound. Our study demonstrates that quantitative polarized light imaging is an inexpensive alternative or supplement to standard histology protocols, requiring no additional stains or dyes, and yields repeatable quantitative assessments of collagen organization.
Contrast visibility of simulated microcalcifications in full field mammography systems (2003)

We evaluated the visibility of simulated subtle microcalcifications in real digital mammograms acquired with a flat-panel system (GE) and a CR system (Fuji). Ideal templates of microcalcifications were created, based on the attenuation characteristics of subtle microcalcifications from biopsied specimen in magnified images. X-ray transmission coefficients were expressed in Al-equivalent thickness. In this way, the X-ray transmission of a particular lesion could be re-calculated for other X-ray beams, different mammography systems and for different breast thickness. Extra corrections for differences in spatial resolution were based on the pre-sampled MTF. Zero to 10 simulated microcalcifications were randomly distributed in square frames. These software phantoms were then inserted in sets of raw mammograms of the modalities under study. The composed images were compressed, processed and printed as in clinical routine. Two experienced radiologists indicated the locations of the microcalcifications and rated their detection confidence. It is possible to assess the visibility of 'well controlled’ microcalcifications in digital clinical mammograms. Microcalcifications were better visible in the CR images than in the flat panel images. This psychophysical method comes close to the radiologists’ practice. It allows fpr including processing and visualization in the analysis and was well appreciated by our radiologists.
eQTL mapping of rare variant associations using RNA-seq data: An evaluation of approaches (2019)

Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) provide insight on transcription regulation and illuminate the molecular basis of phenotypic outcomes. High-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) is becoming a popular technique to measure gene expression abundance. Traditional eQTL mapping methods for microarray expression data often assume the expression data follow a normal distribution. As a result, for RNA-seq data, total read count measurements can be normalized by normal quantile transformation in order to fit the data using a linear regression. Other approaches model the total read counts using a negative binomial regression. While these methods work well for common variants (minor allele frequencies > 5% or 1%), an extension of existing methodology is needed to accommodate a collection of rare variants in RNA-seq data. Here, we examine 2 approaches that are direct applications of existing methodology and apply these approaches to RNAseq studies: 1) collapsing the rare variants in the region and using either negative binomial regression or Poisson regression and 2) using the normalized read counts with the Sequence Kernel Association Test (SKAT), the burden test for SKAT (SKAT-Burden), or an optimal combination of these two tests (SKAT-O). We evaluated these approaches via simulation studies under numerous scenarios and applied these approaches to the 1,000 Genomes Project.
Optimization of Epoxidation Degree and Silane Coupling Agent Content for Silica-Filled Epoxidized Natural Rubber Tire Tread Compounds (2013)

Parallel studies on the influence of epoxide contents in epoxidized natural rubbers (ENRs) in the absence of bis-(triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide (TESPT) coupling agent, as well as a combination of ENRs with different loadings of TESPT on the properties of ENR compounds, are carried out in this work. The results suggests that the best possible combination to optimize processibility and to improve reinforcement efficiency is to utilize ENR with an epoxide content in the range of 20 30 mol%, together with 2 4 wt% relative to the silica content of TESPT. This leads to a reduction of TESPT when compared to the conventional natural rubber compounds.
Hybrid ant colony algorithm for texture classification (2004)

We present a novel ant colony algorithm integrating genetic algorithms and simplex algorithms. This method is able to not only speed up searching process for optimal solutions, but also improve the quality of the solutions. The proposed method is applied to set up a learning model for the "tuned" mask, which is used for texture classification. Experimental results on real world images and comparisons with genetic algorithms and genetic simplex algorithms are presented to illustrate the merit and feasibility of the proposed method.