gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Early-Pregnancy Cytokines in Mothers to Children Developing Multiple, Persistent Islet Autoantibodies, Type 1 Diabetes, or Both Before 7 Years of Age (2011)

Increased Th1 cytokine levels during early pregnancy might contribute to an increased risk of islet autoimmunity, type 1 diabetes, or both in the offspring.
Recent Progress of SiC MOSFET Devices (2019)

SiC MOSFETs are superior candidates as next power semiconductor devices for many power transform systems. Owing to high requirement of stability for the whole application systems, it is essential to explore the optimized structures and operations for SiC MOSFETs with not only the extremely low on resistance but also much higher robustness. Overview on recent device technologies of SiC MOSFETs is given.
Differential Activation of Two JNK Activators, MKK7 and SEK1, by MKN28-derived Nonreceptor Serine/Threonine Kinase/Mixed Lineage Kinase 2 (1998)

MKN28-derived nonreceptor type of serine/threonine kinase/mixed lineage kinase 2 (MST/MLK2) directly phosphorylates and activates SEK1/MKK4/JNKK1/SKK1 in vitro, thereby acting as a mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinase kinase in the JNK/SAPK pathway (Hirai, S. -i., Katoh, M., Terada, M., Kyriakis, J. M., Zon, L. I., Rana, A., Avruch, J., and Ohno, S. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272, 15167-15173). The in vitro reconstitution system for the kinase cascade allowed us now to identify JNK/SAPK activators involved in the MST/MLK2-dependent activation of JNK/SAPK in vivo. We show that at least two distinct MST/MLK2-dependent JNK/SAPK activators are present in the fractionated COS-1 cell lysate, and that they appear to be SEK1/MKK4/JNKK1/SKK1 and MKK7/JNKK2/SKK4 by Western blot analysis. Notably, a majority of the MST/MLK2-dependent JNK/SAPK-activating activity is found in MKK7-containing fractions, whereas the MEKK1-dependent activity is comparably distributed in SEK1- and MKK7-containing fractions. Moreover, MST/MLK2 activates recombinant MKK7 more effectively than recombinant SEK1, whereas MEKK1 activates both to a similar extent. In addition, the deletion analysis on MST/MLK2 showed that the kinase domain is responsible for the determination of substrate specificity. These results provide a molecular aspect to the differential regulation of the two JNK activators by a variety of cellular stimuli.
A low voltage wide swing level shifted FVF based current mirror (2013)

A new low voltage level shifted flipped voltage follower (FVF) current mirror has been proposed. The proposed current mirror has very low input resistance and high output resistance. The proposed current mirror is shown to have wider operating range as compared to FVF based current mirror. The simulations of proposed current mirror are carried out using Mentor Graphics Eldospice based on TSMC 0.18μm CMOS technology, for input current range of 0-280μA. The proposed current mirror operates with a single supply voltage of 1V and consumes 402.5μW power at 50μA input current. The simulation results show that it provides input and output resistances of 26Ω and 562KΩ respectively.
Mechanical Fastening, Joining, and Assembly (2018)

&nbsp; Gain a Deeper Understanding of Mechanical Fastening: Assemble More Efficient and Competitive Products A good design, quality parts, and properly executed assembly procedures and processes result in well-fastened assemblies. Utilizing a combined knowledge of mechanical assembly engineering and fastening technology, Mechanical Fastening, Joining, and Assembly, Second Edition provides readers with a solid understanding of mechanical fastening, joining, and assembly information. Based on the author’s experience in the field, this updated mechanical arts guide and reference chronicles the technical progress since the first edition was published more than a decade ago. Provides Case Studies Showing Real-World Applications for Commonly Used Assemblies The second edition addresses recent trends in the industry, and looks at new fastening technologies used in aerospace, automotive, and other key areas. It explains the fastening function in depth, and describes the types of fastening approaches that can be used effectively. The revised text expands on the presentation and review of fastened components, detailing the assembly, design, manufacturing, and installation of fastener products and procedures. It covers specific joining applications, including vibration, standard, and special materials; details environmental factors; and provides useful reference charts for future use. What’s New in the Second Edition: Provides an up-to-date selection of technologies Contains practical approaches to modern fastener technology Reviews engineering fundamentals with a focus on their application in the fastener industry Includes a section on fastener statics Expands on fastener manufacturing processes, most specifically cold heading and roll threading Adds fastener dynamics to draw attention to forces in motion (wind turbine hub turning in strong winds) and fastener strength of materials Extends review of the economics of fastening and provides some tools for engineering economics Examines the difference in static and dynamic strengths Considers fastener materials in this new century, provides some observations about the fastener laboratory, and discusses electrical theory Addresses sustainability, application product management, thermodynamics, energy systems, and new thought maps for application analysis Takes a look at a favorite application, D&D 100, and more Mechanical Fastening, Joining, and Assembly, Second Edition is accessible to novices and experienced technologists and engineers, and covers the latest in fastener technology and assembly training.
Systems and methods for data storage and retrieval (2023)

A method includes directing a probe beam to a target that includes an array of data portions in a data storage medium arranged so that a beam area of the probe beam extends across a plurality of adjacent data portions, the array including a data portion subset with each data portion of the subset responsive to the probe beam to produce a response illumination, receiving the response illumination at a detector, and determining data values corresponding to the plurality of adjacent data portions based on the received response illumination. Apparatus and systems are also disclosed.
Influence of an Electric Field on Oriented Films of DMPC/Gramicidin Bilayers: A Circular Dichroism Study (2009)

A film of oriented bilayers containing a mixture of gramicidin and dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) has been deposited on a fused-silica window coated with a 10 nm thick gold layer. The thin layer of gold allows the application of an electric potential across the film and the study of its influence on the structure and integrity of the bilayers. Electrochemical measurements, ellipsometry, and far-UV circular dichroism (CD) were employed to characterize the properties of the film of bilayers as a function of the potential applied to the gold electrode. For potentials across the film that are within the range approximately +300 to -150 mV the oriented film of bilayers is stable, and no change in the CD spectra of gramicidin molecule is observed. At more negative potentials, an increase in the film thickness and water content measured by ellipsometry indicated that the film swells and incorporates water, which causes a change in the circular dichroism spectrum of gramicidin molecules in the film. This transformation was interpreted as a change in the average orientation of gramicidin molecules within the film due to a decrease in the ordering of the molecules upon swelling.
Sampling color and geometry point clouds from ShapeNet dataset (2022)

The popularisation of acquisition devices capable of capturing volumetric information such as LiDAR scans and depth cameras has lead to an increased interest in point clouds as an imaging modality. Due to the high amount of data needed for their representation, efficient compression solutions are needed to enable practical applications. Among the many techniques that have been proposed in the last years, learning-based methods are receiving large attention due to their high performance and potential for improvement. Such algorithms depend on large and diverse training sets to achieve good compression performance. ShapeNet is a large-scale dataset composed of CAD models with texture and constitute and effective option for training such compression methods. This dataset is entirely composed of meshes, which must go through a sampling process in order to obtain point clouds with geometry and texture information. Although many existing software libraries are able to sample geometry from meshes through simple functions, obtaining an output point cloud with geometry and color of the external faces of the mesh models is not a straightforward process for the ShapeNet dataset. The main difficulty associated with this dataset is that its models are often defined with duplicated faces sharing the same vertices, but with different color values. This document describes a script for sampling the meshes from ShapeNet that circumvent this issue by excluding the internal faces of the mesh models prior to the sampling. The script can be accessed from the following link: https://github.com/mmspg/mesh-sampling.
α1‐Adrenoceptor subtypes and lower urinary tract symptoms (2008)

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common cause of urinary outflow obstruction in aging men leading to lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). alpha(1)-Adrenoceptors (alpha(1)ARs) antagonists (blockers) have become a mainstay of LUTS treatment because they relax prostate smooth muscle and decrease urethral resistance, as well as relieving bladder LUTS symptoms. A review of key recent clinical trials suggests new insights into the role of specific alpha(1)AR subtypes in the treatment of LUTS.
SiGe pMOSFET's with gate oxide fabricated by microwave electron cyclotron resonance plasma processing (1994)

A new process, electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) microwave plasma oxidation, has been developed to produce a gate-quality oxide directly on SiGe alloys. One μm Al gate Si/sub 0.86/Ge/sub 0.15/ p-metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect-transistors (pMOSFET's) with ECR-grown gate oxide have been fabricated. It is found that saturation transconductance increases from 48 mS/mm at 300 K to 60 mS/mm at 77 K. Low field hole mobilities of 167 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /V-s at 300 K and 530 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /V-s at 77 K have been obtained.
Configurable logic for digital communications: some signal processing perspectives (1999)

For the past two decades software programmable digital signal processors and ASICs have provided hardware solutions for signal processing system designers. A new option has become available: field programmable gate arrays. FPGA-based DSP platforms allow the designer to realize a data path that exactly matches the required processing, while at the same time maintaining the flexibility of a software approach. This article presents an overview of some FPGA DSP applications. Several filter designs are presented, and the use of CORDIC arithmetic for constructing an FPGA carrier recovery loop is outlined. In addition to presenting design examples that can be realized using present-generation devices and tools, we take a brief look at how the dynamic reconfiguration aspect of certain FPGAs could be exploited in future-generation communication technologies.
Opaque gallium nitride photocathodes in UV imaging detectors with microchannel plates (2013)

The optimization and performance of opaque Galium Nitride (GaN) photocathodes deposited directly on novel Microchannel Plates (MCPs) are presented in this paper. The novel borosilicate glass MCPs, which are manufactured with the help of Atomic Layer Deposition, can withstand higher temperatures enabling direct deposition of GaN films on their surfaces. The quantum efficiency of MBE-grown GaN photocathodes of various thickness and buffer layers was studied in the spectral range of ~200-400 nm for the films grown on different surface layers (such as Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> or buffer AlN layer) in order to determine the optimal opaque photocathode configuration. The MCPs with the GaN photocathodes were activated with surface cesiation in order to achieve the negative Electron Affinity for the efficient photon detection. The opaque photocathodes enable substantial broadening of the spectral sensitivity range compared to the semitransparent configuration when the photocathodes are deposited on the input window. The design of currently processed sealed tube event counting detector with an opaque GaN photocathode are also described in this paper. Our experiments demonstrate that although there is still development work required the detection quantum efficiencies exceeding 20% level should be achievable in 200-400 nm range and &lt;50% in 100-200 nm range for the event counting MCP detectors with high spatial resolution (better than 50 &mu;m) and timing resolution of &lt;100 ps and very low background levels of only few events cm<sup>-2</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>.
Highly recurrent der(1;16)(q10;p10) and other 16q arm alterations in lobular breast cancer (1998)

Cytogenetic data on infiltrating lobular carcinomas (ILCs) of the breast are described. In addition to 9 tumors, including 2 bilateral ones, with apparently normal chromosomes, recurrent chromosome alterations were found among 18 tumors. A der(1;16)(q10;p10), resulting in 1q gain and 16q loss, was observed in 11 tumors. Chromosome arm 16q was lost by other rearrangements in 3 other tumors. Thus, the deletion of 16q appears to be highly recurrent in ILCs. Compared to infiltrating ductal carcinomas (IDCs), ILCs have fairly simple karyotypes that remain pseudo- or near-diploid in most cases. This finding is confirmed by DNA ploidy studied by flow cytometry, which shows that about half of the tumors are diploid. This makes the der(1;16)(q10;p10) and other alterations of the 16q arm an early alteration of tumor progression, possibly related to the loss of expression of E-cadherin, whose gene is mapped on the 16q arm. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 23:300–306, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Review of FD-TD numerical modeling of electromagnetic wave scattering and radar cross section (1989)

Applications of the finite-difference time-domain (FD-TD) method for numerical modeling of electromagnetic wave interactions with structures are reviewed, concentrating on scattering and radar cross section (RCS). A number of two- and three-dimensional examples of FD-TD modeling of scattering and penetration are provided. The objects modeled range in nature from simple geometric shapes to extremely complex aerospace and biological systems. Rigorous analytical or experimental validations are provided for the canonical shapes, and it is shown that FD-TD predictive data for near fields and RCS are in excellent agreement with the benchmark data. It is concluded that, with continuing advances in FD-TD modeling theory for target features relevant to the RCS problem, and with continuing advances in vector and concurrent supercomputer technology, it is likely that FD-TD numerical modeling will occupy an important place in RCS technology in the 1990s and beyond.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Ego-centric Network Sampling in Viral Marketing Applications (2009)

Marketing is most successful when people spread the message within their social network. The Internet can serve as an approximation of the spread of messages, particularly marketing campaigns, to both measure marketing effectiveness and provide data for influencing future efforts. However, to measure the network of Web sites spreading the marketing message potentially requires a massive amount of data collection over a long period of time. Additionally, collecting data from the Internet is very noisy and can create a false sense of precision. Therefore, we propose to use ego-centric network sampling to both reduce the amount of data required to collect as well as handle the inherent uncertainty of the data collected. In this paper, we study whether the proposed ego-centric network sampling accurately captures the network structure. We use the Stanford-Berkeley network to show that the approach can capture the underlying structure with a minimal amount of data.
The Hardness of Metric Labeling (2004)

The metric labeling problem is an elegant and powerful mathematical model capturing a wide range of classification problems. The input to the problem consists of a set of labels and a weighted graph. Additionally, a metric distance function on the labels is defined, and for each label and each vertex, an assignment cost is given. The goal is to find a minimum-cost assignment of the vertices to the labels. The cost of the solution consists of two parts: the assignment costs of the vertices and the separation costs of the edges (each edge pays its weight times the distance between the two labels to which its endpoints are assigned). Due to the simple structure and variety of the applications, the problem and its special cases (with various distance functions on the labels) have recently received much attention. Metric labeling has a known logarithmic approximation, and it has been an open question for several years whether a constant approximation exists. We refute this possibility and show that no constant approximation can be obtained for the problem unless P=NP, and we also show that the problem is /spl Omega/(/spl radic/logn)-hard to approximate, unless NP has quasi-polynomial time algorithms.
Phylogeny of Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus based on universally conserved protein-coding sequences and implications for the taxonomy of these two genera. Proposal of new taxa: X. vietnamensis sp. nov., P. luminescens subsp. caribbeanensis subsp. nov., P. luminescens subsp. hainanensis subsp. nov., P. temperata subsp. khanii subsp. nov., P. temperata subsp. tasmaniensis subsp. nov., and the reclassification of P. luminescens subsp. thracensis as P. temperata subsp. thracensis comb. nov. (2009)

We used the information from a set of concatenated sequences from four genes (recA, gyrB, dnaN and gltX) to investigate the phylogeny of the genera Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus (entomopathogenic bacteria associated with nematodes of the genera Heterorhabditis and Steinernema, respectively). The robustness of the phylogenetic tree obtained by this multigene approach was significantly better than that of the tree obtained by a single gene approach. The comparison of the topologies of single gene phylogenetic trees highlighted discrepancies which have implications for the classification of strains and new isolates; in particular, we propose the transfer of Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. thracensis to Photorhabdus temperata subsp. thracensis comb. nov. (type strain CIP 108426T =DSM 15199T). We found that, within the genus Xenorhabdus, strains or isolates that shared less than 97 % nucleotide identity (NI), calculated on the concatenated sequences of the four gene fragments (recA, gyrB, dnaN and gltX) encompassing 3395 nucleotides, did not belong to the same species. Thus, at the 97% NI cutoff, we confirm the current 20 species of the genus Xenorhabdus and propose the description of a novel species, Xenorhabdus vietnamensis sp. nov. (type strain VN01T =CIP 109945T =DSM 22392T). Within each of the three current species of the genus Photorhabdus, P. asymbiotica, P. luminescens and P. temperata, strains or isolates which shared less than 97% NI did not belong to the same subspecies. Comparisons of the four gene fragments plus the rplB gene fragment analysed separately led us to propose four novel subspecies: Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. caribbeanensis subsp. nov. (type strain HG29T =CIP 109949T =DSM 22391T), P. luminescens subsp. hainanensis subsp. nov. (type strain C8404T = CIP 109946T =DSM 22397T), P. temperata subsp. khanii subsp. nov. (type strain C1T =NC19(T) =CIP 109947T =DSM 3369T), and P. temperata subsp. tasmaniensis subsp. nov. (type strain T327T =CIP 109948T =DSM 22387T).
DeepCAMP: Deep Convolutional Action & Attribute Mid-Level Patterns (2016)

The recognition of human actions and the determination of human attributes are two tasks that call for fine-grained classification. Indeed, often rather small and inconspicuous objects and features have to be detected to tell their classes apart. In order to deal with this challenge, we propose a novel convolutional neural network that mines mid-level image patches that are sufficiently dedicated to resolve the corresponding subtleties. In particular, we train a newly de- signed CNN (DeepPattern) that learns discriminative patch groups. There are two innovative aspects to this. On the one hand we pay attention to contextual information in an origi- nal fashion. On the other hand, we let an iteration of feature learning and patch clustering purify the set of dedicated patches that we use. We validate our method for action clas- sification on two challenging datasets: PASCAL VOC 2012 Action and Stanford 40 Actions, and for attribute recogni- tion we use the Berkeley Attributes of People dataset. Our discriminative mid-level mining CNN obtains state-of-the- art results on these datasets, without a need for annotations about parts and poses.
Determination of Chain Conformation of Stiff Polymers by Depolarized Rayleigh Scattering in Solution (1996)

The chain conformation of a series of polydisperse polyesters and poly(p-phenylenes) has been investigated by means of depolarized Rayleigh scattering in solution. By considering polydisperse worm-like chains, using a Schultz−Zimm distribution, the persistence length, q, was determined from the specific depolarized Rayleigh ratio at infinite dilution and the weight average chain contour length, without involving optical anisotropies or the internal field problem. This general analysis showed that the effect of polymer nonuniformity is nearly negligible. For the polyester, q was found to be approximately 19 nm, whereas for the poly(p-phenylene) it was about 28 nm; these values exhibit the correct trend, but are higher than the corresponding ones from other techniques. Deviations are mainly attributed to the limited range of molecular weights available; this restricts the polyesters near the coil limit and the poly(p-phenylenes) near the rod limit. Using optical anisotropy data of the monomers and various oligomers, the validity of Flory's addivity scheme is verified for these systems.