gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prediction of processability at extrusion coating for low‐density polyethylene (2008)

Abstract The neck‐in level and the maximum drawdown speed at extrusion coating for low‐density polyethylene are studied with the evaluation of the rheological properties in the molten state and the dilute solution properties. It is found that the viscous properties in the molten state and the dilute solution properties are not sensitive to the processability, whereas the elastic nature has a great impact. In particular, the elastic response in the nonlinear region, such as drawdown force and strain‐hardening behavior in elongational viscosity, can be employed for the prediction of the processability at extrusion coating. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers
Efficient Behavior-aware Control of Automated Vehicles at Crosswalks using Minimal Information Pedestrian Prediction Model (2020)

For automated vehicles (AVs) to reliably navigate through crosswalks, they need to understand pedestrians' crossing behaviors. Simple and reliable pedestrian behavior models aid in real-time AV control by allowing the AVs to predict future pedestrian behaviors. In this paper, we present a Behavior-aware Model Predictive Controller (B-MPC) for AVs that incorporates long-term predictions of pedestrian crossing behavior using a previously developed pedestrian crossing model. The model incorporates pedestrians' gap acceptance behavior and utilizes minimal pedestrian information, namely their position and speed, to predict pedestrians' crossing behaviors. The B-MPC controller is validated through simulations and compared to a rule-based controller. By incorporating predictions of pedestrian behavior, the B-MPC controller is able to efficiently plan for longer horizons and handle a wider range of pedestrian interaction scenarios than the rule-based controller. Results demonstrate the applicability of the controller for safe and efficient navigation at crossing scenarios.
Investigation of two-phase flow mixing between two subchannels (2000)

The cross flow between subchannels in a BWR fuel assembly has been typically analyzed using three types of mixing models, namely, pressure difference, turbulent mixing, and void drift which are expressed by time-averaged flow parameters. However, in our previous paper, we expressed the above cross flow phenomenon simply by a fluctuating pressure model and confirmed its validity experimentally. In this present study, we examine the relationship between the fluctuating pressure difference and the cross flow rate more precisely by using a short mixing zone with no steady pressure difference. Results show that the experimental cross flow data agree well with the calculations using this model. Furthermore, we tried to express the fluctuating pressure difference by using a sinusoidal wave as a new cross flow model. This model is shown to have no dependence on frequency. We verify that the cross flow can be analyzed using only the pressure difference amplitude. © 2000 Scripta Technica, Heat Trans Asian Res, 29(5): 412–426, 2000
Does Trade Elasticity Vary Across Regimes? New Evidence from Korean Exports, Incorporating Regime Changes* (2020)

We examined whether the elasticities of Korean exports with respect to global GDP and to the exchange rate vary depending on exports’ expansionary or contractionary regimes. Our empirical analysis incorporated regime changes and cointegration into a multivariable smooth transition autoregressive vector error correction model. Our estimation results revealed asymmetries in the short‐run elasticities of Korea's exports between the two regimes, although their long‐run elasticities remain stable. The positive effect of global GDP on Korea's exports is inelastic during contractionary regimes but elastic in expansionary regimes. The effect of home currency appreciation is negative and elastic under expansionary regimes but positive and inelastic under contractionary regimes.
CaXyn30B from the solventogenic bacterium Clostridium acetobutylicum is a glucuronic acid-dependent endoxylanase (2020)

A clone expressing the catalytic domain of CaXyn30B (CaXyn30B-CD) exhibited GA-dependent endoxylanase activity. Digestion of glucuronoxylan generated a ladder of aldouronate limit products as anticipated for canonical GA-dependent GH30-8 enzymes. Unlike the previously described CaXyn30A-CD, CaXyn30B-CD showed no activity on arabinoxylan or the generation of appreciable neutral oligosaccharides from glucuronoxylan substrates. These results are consistent with amino acid sequence comparisons of the catalytic cleft and phylogenetic analysis.
HLPR chair (2008)

In this paper, we briefly describe the design of the Home Lift, Position and Rehabilitation (HLPR) Chair, invented at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Manufacturing Engineering Laboratory (MEL) under the Healthcare Mobility Project. The HLPR Chair was designed to provide independent patient mobility for indoor tasks, such as moving to and placing a person on a toilet or bed, and lift assistance for tasks, such as accessing kitchen or other tall shelves. These functionalities are currently out of reach of most wheelchair users. One of the design motivations of the HLPR Chair is to reduce back injury, typically an important issue in the care of this group. Static and dynamic stability tests of the HLPR Chair prototype were also recently completed and are also described here. The tests followed the appropriate and current wheelchair standards and provide suggestions for improvement to these standards. While the Healthcare Mobility Project has recently ended, stability test methods of a lift wheelchair, such as the HLPR Chair, potentially overlap into forklift standard stability test methods and could be useful to the manufacturing industry.
Multidrug Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Causing Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis: A Genetic-Based Chronicle of Evolving Antibiotic Resistance (2016)

<b><i>Background.</i></b> Successful treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> is thwarted by the emergence of antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation on prosthetic devices. Our aims were to decipher the molecular basis of resistance in a unique case of prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) caused by MDR <i>P. aeruginosa</i>. <b><i>Methods.</i></b> Five sequential MDR <i>P. aeruginosa</i> blood isolates collected during a 7-month period were recovered from a patient suffering from PVE previously exposed to β-lactam antibiotics. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of several classes of antibiotics were used to indicate clinical resistance characteristics; relatedness of the isolates was determined using multilocus sequence typing and repetitive sequence-based polymerase chain reaction. Amplification and sequencing of regulatory and resistance genes was performed. <b><i>Results.</i></b> All isolates belonged to ST 298, possessed <i>bla</i><sub>PDC-16</sub>, and were resistant to fluoroquinolones and carbapenems. In the course of therapy, we observed a >2-fold increase in cephalosporin resistance (4 µg/mL to >16 µg/mL). Sequencing of the AmpC regulator, <i>amp</i>R, revealed a D135N point mutation in cephalosporin-resistant isolates. Common carbapenemase genes were not identified. All isolates demonstrated a premature stop codon at amino acid 79 of the outer membrane protein OprD and mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions of <i>gyr</i>A and <i>par</i>C. Point mutations in <i>nal</i>C, an efflux pump regulator, were also observed. <b><i>Conclusions.</i></b> In this analysis, we chart the molecular evolution of β-lactam resistance in a case of PVE. We show that mutations in regulatory genes controlling efflux and cephalosporinase production contributed to the MDR phenotype.
Comparison of the potential distributions at grain boundaries on the surface and in the depth of the absorber in Cu(In, Ga)Se<inf>2</inf> thin-film solar cells (2011)

Grain boundaries in the Cu(In, Ga)Se <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> absorber layer are investigated applying Kelvin probe force microscopy. Potential distributions at grain boundaries on the absorber surface and on untreated cross section of the solar cell are compared. Depending on potential variation, three types of grain boundaries can be classified at the absorber surface, while a single type of grain boundaries with much smaller potential variations is identified at the cross section. This result suggests the electrically neutral properties of most of the buried grain boundaries in the absorber.
Fuel Benefit from Optimal Trajectory Assignment on the North Atlantic Tracks (2016)

The North Atlantic Tracks represent one of the highest density international traffic regions in the world. Due to the lack of high-resolution radar coverage over this region, the tracks are subject to more restrictive operational constraints than flights over the continental U.S. Recent initiatives to increase surveillance over the North Atlantic has motivated studies on the total benefit potential for increased surveillance over the tracks. One of the benefits of increased surveillance is increased accessibility of optimal altitude and speed operations over the track system. For a sample of 4033 flights over 12 days from 2014-2015, a fuel burn analysis was performed that calculates the fuel burn from optimal altitude, optimal speed and optimal track trajectories over the North Atlantic Tracks. These results were compared with calculated as-flown fuel burn in order to determine the benefit potential from optimal trajectories. Operation at optimal altitude and speed increased this benefit to 2.83% reduction potential in average fuel burn. Operation at optimal altitude alone, however, reduces the benefit potential to 1.24% reduction in average fuel burn. Optimal track assignment allows for a 3.20% reduction in average fuel burn. For the sample data, 45.1% of flights were unable to access their optimal altitude and speed due to separation requirements. Reduced separation up to 5 nautical miles can decrease the number of conflicts to 14.0%. Reducing the separation requirements both longitudinally and laterally can allow for increased accessibility of optimal altitudes, speeds and track configurations. Pilot decision support tools that increase awareness of aircraft fuel performance by integrating optimal altitude and speed configurations can also reduce aircraft fuel burn. The utility of such a tool is evaluated through a survey on pilot-decision making.
Bacterial Longevity Requires Protein Synthesis and a Stringent Response (2019)

Gram-negative bacteria in infections, biofilms, and industrial settings often stop growing due to nutrient depletion, immune responses, or environmental stresses. Bacteria in this state tend to be tolerant to antibiotics and are often referred to as dormant. <i>Rhodopseudomonas palustris</i>, a phototrophic alphaproteobacterium, can remain fully viable for more than 4 months when its growth is arrested. Here, we show that protein synthesis, specific proteins involved in translation, and a stringent response are required for this remarkable longevity. Because it can generate ATP from light during growth arrest, <i>R. palustris</i> is an extreme example of a bacterial species that will stay alive for long periods of time as a relatively homogeneous population of cells and it is thus an excellent model organism for studies of bacterial longevity. There is evidence that other Gram-negative species also continue to synthesize proteins during growth arrest and that a stringent response is required for their longevity as well. Our observations challenge the notion that growth-arrested cells are necessarily dormant and metabolically inactive and suggest that such bacteria may have a level of metabolic activity that is higher than many would have assumed. Our results also expand our mechanistic understanding of a crucial but understudied phase of the bacterial life cycle.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> We are surrounded by bacteria, but they do not completely dominate our planet despite the ability of many to grow extremely rapidly in the laboratory. This has been interpreted to mean that bacteria in nature are often in a dormant state. We investigated life in growth arrest of <i>Rhodopseudomonas palustris</i>, a proteobacterium that stays alive for months when it is not growing. We found that cells were metabolically active, and they continued to synthesize proteins and mounted a stringent response, both of which were required for their longevity. Our results suggest that long-lived bacteria are not necessarily inactive but have an active metabolism that is well adjusted to life without growth.
Vacuolar transport of nicotine is mediated by a multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) transporter in Nicotiana tabacum (2009)

Alkaloids play a key role in plant defense mechanisms against pathogens and herbivores, but the plants themselves need to cope with their toxicity as well. The major alkaloid of the Nicotiana species, nicotine, is translocated via xylem transport from the root tissues where it is biosynthesized to the accumulation sites, the vacuoles of leaves. To unravel the molecular mechanisms behind this membrane transport, we characterized one transporter, the tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) jasmonate-inducible alkaloid transporter 1 (Nt-JAT1), whose expression was coregulated with that of nicotine biosynthetic genes in methyl jasmonate-treated tobacco cells. Nt-JAT1, belonging to the family of multidrug and toxic compound extrusion transporters, was expressed in roots, stems, and leaves, and localized in the tonoplast of leaf cells. When produced in yeast cells, Nt-JAT1 occurred mainly in the plasma membrane and showed nicotine efflux activity. Biochemical analysis with proteoliposomes reconstituted with purified Nt-JAT1 and bacterial F(0)F(1)-ATPase revealed that Nt-JAT1 functioned as a proton antiporter and recognized endogenous tobacco alkaloids, such as nicotine and anabasine, and other alkaloids, such as hyoscyamine and berberine, but not flavonoids. These findings strongly suggest that Nt-JAT1 plays an important role in the nicotine translocation by acting as a secondary transporter responsible for unloading of alkaloids in the aerial parts and deposition in the vacuoles.
Reconstruction of shear wave speed in tissue-mimicking phantoms from aliased pulse-echo imaging of high-frequency wavefields (2021)

Quantitative elasticity estimation in medical and industrial applications may benefit from advancements in reconstruction of shear wave speed with enhanced resolution. Here, shear wave speed is reconstructed from pulse-echo ultrasound imaging of elastic waves induced by high-frequency (>400 Hz), time-harmonic mechanical excitation. Particle displacement in shear wavefields is mapped from measured interframe phase differences with compensation for timing of multiple scan lines, then processed by spatial Fourier analysis to estimate the predominant wave speed and analyzed by algebraic wavefield inversion to reconstruct wave speed maps. Reconstructions of shear wave speed from simulated wavefields illustrate the accuracy and spatial resolution available with both methods, as functions of signal-to-noise ratio and sizes of windows used for Fourier analysis or wavefield smoothing. The methods are applied to shear wavefields with frequencies up to six times the Nyquist rate, thus extending the frequency range measurable by a given imaging system. Wave speed measurements in tissue-mimicking phantoms are compared with supersonic shear imaging and mechanical tensile testing, demonstrating feasibility of the wavefield measurement and wave speed reconstruction methods employed.
Horizontal gene transfer: one of the key mechanisms involved into the adaptation of yeast to their environment (2019)

Horizontal gene transfer: one of the key mechanisms involved into the adaptation of yeast to their environment. ESF-EMBO Symposium, Comparative genomics of eukaryotic microbes: Genomes in flux, and flux between genomes
Time Synchronization Attack and Countermeasure for Multisystem Scheduling in Remote Estimation (2020)

We consider time synchronization attack against multisystem scheduling in a remote state estimation scenario where a number of sensors monitor different linear dynamical processes and schedule their transmissions through a shared collision channel. We show that by randomly injecting relative time offsets on the sensors, the malicious attacker is able to make the expected estimation error covariance of the overall system diverge without any system knowledge. For the case that the attacker has full system information, we propose an efficient algorithm to calculate the optimal attack, which spoofs the least number of sensors and leads to unbounded average estimation error covariance. To mitigate the attack consequence, we further propose a countermeasure by constructing shift invariant transmission policies and characterize the lower and upper bounds for system estimation performance. Simulation examples are provided to illustrate the obtained results.
Software architecture and calibration framework for hybrid optical IR and vision tracking system (2007)

Augmented Reality (AR) enhances the user's perception of the real world by superimposing virtual objects into its field of view. To achieve this, AR tracks the position and the orientation of objects of the real world in real time. However, the scope of classic AR applications has been limited by the range of sensors used for tracking. Hybrid tracking approaches can provide an interesting solution to increase this range. In this paper we propose to combine two heterogeneous tracking systems: an optical IR tracker and a vision-based one in order to obtain a wide area tracking. We describe the calibration procedure of the coupled tracker and we detail how to compute the spatial relationship between the several objects used in our application. With our proposed framework, data from the two tracking systems are automatically and dynamically fused, and then transparently provided to the application. We present the software implemented to carry out this operation. Finally, we discuss the benefits of our wide-range tracker and we examine its implementation in practice.
Spectrum sharing strategy using bipartite matching for cooperative cognitive radio networks (2013)

In this paper, a spectrum sharing strategy in cooperative cognitive radio network (CCRN) is investigated. Specifically, a multi-phase cooperation architecture is proposed including cooperation partner selection and spectrum sharing among secondary users (SUs). The cooperation partners who are selected from SUs forward the data of primary users (PUs), and then acquire the spectrum access opportunities for their own transmissions as a reward. To improve the utility for the PU-SU cooperation pairs, the partner selection is modeled as an optimally weighted bipartite matching problem to maximize the total utility where energy efficiency is also considered. The partner SU further improves spectrum utilization by sharing the acquired spectrum with the surrounding SUs via cooperative network coding. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed partner selection and spectrum sharing approach adapts well to the dynamic traffic loads in CCRN.
Visualising the network of cruise destinations in the Baltic Sea – a multidimensional scaling approach (2016)

ABSTRACTThis paper takes a cross-table with the call frequencies of more than 80 cruise ships to each of more than 20 cruise ports in the Baltic Sea in 2014 in its cells as its starting point. Correlations and proximities between the different ports are then established. This is visualised using a multidimensional scaling (MDS) technique, and groups of cruise destinations (ports) are developed by using factor analysis, which eases the interpretation of the MDS diagram. While many position studies in marketing and tourism use attitudinal data from surveys as input data for the MDS analyses, this study uses numeric data from secondary data sources as input. The aims and contributions of this study are twofold: firstly, it contributes insights into the relative positions of the cruise destinations in the Baltic Sea. Secondly, in doing so, it demonstrates how MDS, in combination with factor analysis, can be used not only for traditional position analyses but also as analytical options in the context of two separate network analysis traditions, namely the industrial marketing and purchasing tradition and the social network analysis tradition.KEYWORDS: Cruise destinationscorrelationsmultidimensional scalingfactor analysis Notes on contributorCarl H. Marcussen holds a PhD in marketing and is a senior researcher at the Centre for Regional and Tourism Research in Denmark, where he has done research in tourism-related topics since 1995.
Atypical Hybrid Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs): A Combinative Process for MOF‐on‐MOF Growth, Etching, and Structure Transformation (2019)

Abstract The structural, compositional, and morphological features of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) govern their properties and applications. Construction of hybrid MOFs with complicated structures, components, or morphologies is significant for the development of well‐organized MOFs. An advanced route is reported for construction of atypical hybrid MOFs with unique morphologies and complicated components: 1) MOF‐on‐MOF growth of a 3D zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) on a ZIF‐L template, 2) etching of a part of the 2D ZIF‐L template, and 3) structural transformation of 2D ZIF‐L into 3D ZIF. The formation of core–shell‐type MOF rings and plates is controlled by regulating the three processes. The formation route for the core–shell‐type MOF rings and plates was monitored by tracking changes in morphology, structure, and composition. Carbon materials prepared from the pyrolysis of the core–shell‐type hybrid MOFs displayed enhanced oxygen reduction reaction activities compared to their monomeric counterparts.