gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biofilm evaluation methods outside body to inside - Problem presentations for the future - (2017)

Biofilms are formed at interfaces between solid materials/environments or organisms’ tissues/ environments by bacterial activities.  They are produced not only inside bodies, but also outside them.  Inside bodies, the biofilm formation would lead to infection and chronic diseases, while it would lead to stickiness on various industrial materials followed by daily problems.  However, the phenomena in both cases have essentially the same and common root.  Therefore, it would be very informative for us to compare both cases to each other, when one would like to understand the mechanism, characteristics and to establish countermeasures.  We authors have pursued the biofilm formation and growth in the case of problems outside body so far.  Generally, the in-vitro biofilm research and evaluation should be composed of biofilm formations and the following quantitative measurements.  And recently, we have gradually applied the concepts, methodology and principles to the research for biofilms formed inside the body, modifying them little by little.  This paper will explain the modification process with many real successful and unsuccessful examples and propose the unsolved problems together with the history.  Then we would like to give the reference guideline to design experimental processes for biofilm problems inside the body.
Localization and Expression of the Aquaporin-1 Water Channel in Mesangial Cells in the Human Glomerulus. (2002)

The expression and localization of the aquaporin-1 (AQP1) water channel were examined in the glomeruli of the human kidney. A ribonuclease protection assay showed the expression of AQP1 mRNA in human glomeruli but not in rat glomeruli. Western blot analysis revealed 28 kDa and 35 kDa bands corresponding to unglycosylated and glycosylated AQP1 proteins in human glomeruli. Immunoreactive AQP1 was demonstrated almost exclusively in the mesangium in the human glomeruli by immunohistochemistry. The endothelium of glomerular capillaries was only partly immunostained while podocytes and Bowman's capsule epithelia were not immunolabeled. Immunoelectron microscopy localized the immunoreactive AQP1 on the plasma membrane of mesangial cells in human glomeruli. The immouno-gold labeling was dense on the projections of mesangial cells protruding to the glomerular capillary lumen or to endothelial cells, but was sparse on other parts of the mesangial cell surface. No immunoreactivity for AQP1 was demonstrated in rat glomeruli. This study showed the distinct localization of AQP1 in the mesangial cells of human glomeruli, suggesting its role in water movement through these cells.
High efficiency inline diffused emitter (ILDE) solar cells on mono‐crystalline CZ silicon (2010)

Abstract High throughput, low cost, and high efficiency are the keys to reducing the cost of photovoltaic electricity. To realize high efficiency, the quality of emitter is critical. The emitter can be formed either by batch deposition in a tube using liquid POCl 3 source or by inline spray deposition of phosphoric acid (P 2 O 5 ). The POCl 3 process has been optimized over the years to give reproducible performance, whereas the inline diffusion has not been systematically optimized. This paper reports on solar cell results with the inline emitters. Sheet resistance mapping tool has been used to quantify the emitter uniformity in conjunction with junction depth and phosphorus surface concentration to characterize the inline emitters. We have achieved average efficiencies of 17.1 and 17.4%, respectively, on 2 Ω‐cm textured CZ with 45 and 60 Ω/sq emitters. Average fill factor of 0.772 and ideality factor of 1.06 support the front contact firing optimization for the inline emitters. Personal computer one dimensional (PC1D) modeling of the 60 Ω/sq emitter showed efficiency of &gt;18% is achievable by reducing the front surface recombination velocity (FSRV) from 120 000 to 80 000 cm/s and increasing the fill factor to 79.5%. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
One Carbon Matters: The Origin and Reversal of Odd–Even Effects in Molecular Diodes with Self-Assembled Monolayers of Ferrocenyl-Alkanethiolates (2015)

We investigated the origin of odd–even effects in molecular diodes based on self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of ferrocenyl-terminated n-alkanethiolates S(CH2)nFc with n = 6–15 on Ag or Au surfaces contacted with EGaIn top electrodes. These SAMs have different M–S–C bond angles of 180° when M = Ag and 104° when M = Au causing a multitude of odd–even effects in the performance of the diodes. By changing the M–S–C bond angles and using several characterization techniques, we were able to systematically identify and rationalize odd–even effects in the electronic structure of the device. Changing n from 6 to 15 resulted in an odd–even effect in the tilt angle of the Fc units (α), which, in turn, caused odd–even effects in the surface dipole, work function, and HOMO onset (HOMO = highest occupied molecular orbital). These odd–even effects caused an odd–even modulation of the tunneling current across the diode in the on state (the current that flows across the junctions when the diode allows the current to pass through). The current that flows across the diodes in their off state (the leakage current) also followed an odd–even effect that was related to an odd–even effect in the packing energy: SAMs with small tilt angles of the ferrocenyl units α (with the Fc units standing up) pack better than SAMs with large α values (with the Fc units in a parallel orientation with the plane of the electrode). All these odd–even effects were completely and consistently reversed when the Ag electrodes were replaced with Au electrodes proving they are induced by the M–S–C bond angle.
Electronically activated chemisorption of nitrogen on a copper (100) surface (1979)

The chemisorption on copper (100) of nitrogen gas activated in the gas phase by monoenergetic electrons from 0–100 eV energy was monitored. By comparing these results with gas phase measurements, it is seen that, whereas unexcited N2 does not chemisorb, both neutral and ionized atomic nitrogen chemisorb strongly on copper (100). Calculations imply that each atom of atomic nitrogen to strike the clean copper surface chemisorbs.
Preparation and performance testing of superhydrophobic flame retardant cotton fabric (2019)

A superhydrophobic flame retardant coating was fabricated using a simple method of depositing a DAP coating and a H-ZrO<sub>2</sub>@PDMS coating on the surface of a cotton fabric. Thermal stability tests and vertical burning tests demonstrate the excellent flame retardancy of the coating.
The Role of Optics in Machine Vision (1985)

The task of a machine vision system is to produce a description of a three dimensional world suited for some application. The description is based on one or more images. Images are two dimensional distributions of brightness generated by an imaging device. The problem can be viewed as one of inversion: If we understand the projection process which creates images from the three dimensional world, we can hope to reverse this process to recover information about the world.
Lipotoxicity induces hepatic protein inclusions through TANK binding kinase 1–mediated p62/sequestosome 1 phosphorylation (2017)

These results suggest that lipotoxic activation of TBK1 and subsequent p62 phosphorylation are critical steps in the NASH pathology of protein inclusion accumulation in hepatocytes. This mechanism can provide an explanation for how hypernutrition and obesity promote the development of severe liver pathologies, such as steatohepatitis and liver cancer, by facilitating the formation of p62 inclusions. (Hepatology 2018).
First bovine vaccine to prevent human schistosomiasis - a cluster randomised Phase 3 clinical trial (2023)

This is the first trial to demonstrate the effectiveness of a bovine vaccine for schistosomiasis in reducing human schistosome infection. The trial is registered with Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12619001048178).
Computer–Automated Caries Detection in Digital Bitewings: Consistency of a Program and Its Influence on Observer Agreement (2000)

The aim of this study was to evaluate a decision-support, caries detection program and its influence on observer agreement in caries diagnosis. 130 patients were examined by digital bitewing radiography (RVG XL sensor, Trophy Radiologie Inc.). Fifty-four approximal surfaces (27 in premolars and 27 in molars) were selected by the author: 24 surfaces (9 in molars and 15 in premolars) scored as sound, 16 surfaces (9 in molars and 7 in premolars) scored as carious in enamel, and 14 surfaces (9 in molars and 5 in premolars) scored as carious in dentine. The Logicon Caries Detector (LCD) program (Logicon Inc., USA) was assessed by repeating the automated analysis ten times for each surface. The two most varying outcomes for lesion probability (Lp(min) and Lp(max)) were saved. Five observers scored the 54 surfaces independently as sound, caries in enamel or caries in dentine before and after the use of LCD. In more than one third of all surfaces the program indicated different lesion probability, from sound at Lp(min) to the presence of a carious lesion at Lp(max). The 5 observers changed their caries score after the use of LCD in a total of 31 surfaces (only 2 of these were in the same surface). Mean kappa value for inter-observer agreement for caries scores before the use of LCD was 0.47 (range 0. 39-0.61) and after LCD 0.48 (range 0.37-0.69). It was concluded that the automated caries detection program was not very consistent and provided different opinions on the caries status in a surface. Inter-observer agreement in caries diagnosis did not improve using the program.
Reassessing cortical reorganization in the primary sensorimotor cortex following arm amputation (2015)

The role of cortical activity in generating and abolishing chronic pain is increasingly emphasized in the clinical community. Perhaps the most striking example of this is the maladaptive plasticity theory, according to which phantom pain arises from remapping of cortically neighbouring representations (lower face) into the territory of the missing hand following amputation. This theory has been extended to a wide range of chronic pain conditions, such as complex regional pain syndrome. Yet, despite its growing popularity, the evidence to support the maladaptive plasticity theory is largely based on correlations between pain ratings and oftentimes crude measurements of cortical reorganization, with little consideration of potential contributions of other clinical factors, such as adaptive behaviour, in driving the identified brain plasticity. Here, we used a physiologically meaningful measurement of cortical reorganization to reassess its relationship to phantom pain in upper limb amputees. We identified small yet consistent shifts in lip representation contralateral to the missing hand towards, but not invading, the hand area. However, we were unable to identify any statistical relationship between cortical reorganization and phantom sensations or pain either with this measurement or with the traditional Euclidian distance measurement. Instead, we demonstrate that other factors may contribute to the observed remapping. Further research that reassesses more broadly the relationship between cortical reorganization and chronic pain is warranted.
494: The Chemokine Receptor CXCR3 is an Independent Prognostic Factor for Patients with Localized Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (2007)

ratio [HR]1.19, p<0.01 ), but this association was not statistically significant in multivariable analysis. At 5-years post-surgery, overall survival in the PN group was 75% vs. 68% in the RN group. (p<0.001) (Figure Compared with PN, RN was associated with an increased risk of death from any cause (HR 1.29, p<0.001 ), controlling for age, sex, race, marital status, general comorbidity and pre-existing CV disease. CONCLUSIONS: In this population-based cohort, RN was associated with a significantly increased risk of overall mortality and a trend towards increased CV events. Because patients with small, curable RTs undergoing RN are at increased risk for significant long-term morbidity and mortality, RN should be avoided in these patients when possible.
ChemInform Abstract: Hybrid Two‐Dimensional Materials in Rechargeable Battery Applications and Their Microscopic Mechanisms (2016)

Abstract Review: 305 refs.
Dinitrocarbazoles (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDinitrocarbazolesHenry M. Grotta, Charles J. Riggle, and Arthur E. BearseCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1964, 29, 8, 2474–2476Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01031a523https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01031a523research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views429Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Minimal Solutions for Panoramic Stitching (2007)

This paper presents minimal solutions for the geometric parameters of a camera rotating about its optical centre. In particular we present new 2 and 3 point solutions for the homography induced by a rotation with 1 and 2 unknown focal length parameters. Using tests on real data, we show that these algorithms outperform the standard 4 point linear homography solution in terms of accuracy of focal length estimation and image based projection errors.
Growth of Human Colon Cancer Cells in Nude Mice is Delayed by Ketogenic Diet With or Without Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Medium-chain Triglycerides (2015)

Application of an unrestricted ketogenic diet delayed tumor growth in a mouse xenograft model. Further studies are needed to address the mechanism of this diet intervention and the impact on other tumor-relevant parameters such as invasion and metastasis.
Understanding belief propagation and its generalizations (2003)

Inference problems arise in statistical physics, computer vision, error-correcting coding theory, and AI. We explain the principles behind the belief propagation (BP) algorithm, which is an efficient way to solve inference problems based on passing local messages. We develop a unified approach, with examples, notation, and graphical models borrowed from the relevant disciplines.We explain the close connection between the BP algorithm and the Bethe approximation of statistical physics. In particular, we show that BP can only converge to a fixed point that is also a stationary point of the Bethe approximation to the free energy. This result helps explaining the successes of the BP algorithm and enables connections to be made with variational approaches to approximate inference.The connection of BP with the Bethe approximation also suggests a way to construct new message-passing algorithms based on improvements to Bethe's approximation introduced Kikuchi and others. The new generalized belief propagation (GBP) algorithms are significantly more accurate than ordinary BP for some problems. We illustrate how to construct GBP algorithms with a detailed example.
Designing a paediatric hospital information tool with children, parents, and healthcare staff: a UX study (2020)

The findings support the use of virtual information systems for children, in particular to explore and learn about the hospital, its facilities, and the responsibilities of healthcare professionals. Our findings call for further investigations and experiments in developing safer and more adequate delivery of care for specific age groups of healthcare users. Practical and theoretical implications for improving the quality and safety in healthcare delivery are discussed.
Automated Calibration Station for Quadrature Demodulators Used in Digital Phased Arrays (2010)

Many commercial demodulator boards have an inherent problem of dc offset, due to their direct down-conversion architecture. It is necessary to measure the dc offsets and to compensate for them when the demodulators are used in a system such as a digital phased array. An automated calibration station is described, which uses a combination of commercial off-the-shelf hardware and software to generate RF signals that are used to plot the demodulator I and Q circle and to determine the offset. This automated station has improvements over a manual calibration, such as ease of use, shorter calibration time, accuracy, and repeatability.
Overview of the recent literature on magnetic fluid hyperthermia applicators (2015)

International audience
[Coupling analysis of agro-ecolomic system in gully area of Loess Plateau in 1949-2008: a case study in Changwu County of Shaanxi Province]. (2011)

Based on the analysis of the coercing and dynamic evolution relationships between agro-economic system and agro-ecological system, and by using modified entropy method, the weight of each evaluation index for the agro-ecolomic system in Changwu County of Shaanxi Province was determined, and, by employing coupling degree model, the coupling processes of agro-ecolomic system in the gullyarea of Loess Plateau were investigated. From 1949 to 2008, the agro-ecolomic system in the County experienced three stages of "traditional extensive agriculture", "agricultural mechanization", and "agricultural pre-modernization". In corresponding to the implement of national macro policies, the coupling degree of the agro-ecolomic system reached two peaks standing for utmost increasing phase and three valleys standing for coordinate development phase. Periods 1955-1961 and 1984-1992 were the utmost increasing phases of the coupling degree; periods 1962-1965 and 1981-1983 were the rapid transition periods responding to the national-wide policies controlling; while periods 1949-1954 and 1966-1980 were the low-level coordinated development phases. Since 1993, the system had been in the harmonious phase by a spiral development. At present, the system had a potential risk of changing from the harmonious phase to the utmost development phase. Appropriate agricultural policies and better external environment could promote the stable development of the agro-ecolomic system on a harmonious level; otherwise, a retrogressive system might be expected.
The murine Ki-67 cell proliferation antigen accumulates in the nucleolar and heterochromatic regions of interphase cells and at the periphery of the mitotic chromosomes in a process essential for cell cycle progression (1996)

We have isolated the murine homologue of the human Ki-67 antigen. The Ki-67 antigen is used as a marker to assess the proliferative capacity of tumour cells; however, its cellular function is not known. The murine Ki-67 cDNA sequence (TSG126) was found to contain 13 tandem repeats, making up more than half of the total protein size. A comparison of this repetitive sequence block to its human counterpart, which contains 16 consecutive repeat units, revealed several conserved sequence motifs, including one motif frequently observed in proteins interacting with DNA. An antiserum developed against the product of the TSG126 cDNA clone identified a protein with an apparent molecular mass of 360 kDa, mainly expressed in proliferating cells. The TSG126 protein begins to accumulate during the late G1 stage of the cell cycle and is first seen as numerous small granules evenly distributed throughout the nucleus. During the S and the G2 phases, larger foci that overlap with the nucleoli and the heterochromatic regions are formed. At the onset of mitosis the TSG126 protein undergoes a dramatic redistribution process and becomes associated with the surface of the condensed chromosomes. The relative absence of the TSG126 protein from G1 interphase cells strongly argues against a model where the association of the TSG126 protein with mitotic chromosomes merely reflects a mechanism for the symmetrical distribution of nucleolar proteins between daughter cells. Instead, the intracellular distribution of the TSG126 protein during the cell cycle suggests that it could have a chromatin-associated function in both interphase and mitotic cells. Microinjection of anti-TSG126 antibodies into proliferating Swiss-3T3 fibroblasts was found to delay cell cycle progression, indicating that the TSG126 protein has an essential nuclear function.
Complement activation and disease: protective effects of hyperbilirubinaemia (2009)

Complement, an important effector mechanism of the immune system, is an enzymatic cascade of approx. 30 serum proteins leading to the amplification of a specific humoral response. It can be activated through the classical or alternative pathways, or through the mannose-binding lectin pathway. The activation of the classical pathway is initiated by the binding of the C1 component to antigen-bound antibodies, known as immunocomplexes. C1 is a complex of one molecule of C1q, two molecules of C1r and two molecules of C1s. C1q contains three copies of a Y-shaped fundamental unit with globular heads included in its structure, which play a major role in the interaction with the Fc portion of immunoglobulins. Deficient or exacerbated activation of the complement system leads to diseases of variable severity, and pharmacological inhibition of the complement system is considered as a therapeutic strategy to ameliorate the inflammatory effects of exacerbated complement activation. Bilirubin is a product of haem degradation by the concerted action of haem oxygenase, which converts haem into biliverdin, and biliverdin reductase, which reduces biliverdin to UCB (unconjugated bilirubin). UCB exerts both cytoprotective and cytotoxic effects in a variety of tissues and cells, acting either as an antioxidant at low concentrations or as an oxidant at high concentrations. In the present review, we describe in detail the anti-complement properties of bilirubin, occurring at levels above the UCB concentrations found in normal human serum, as a beneficial effect of potential clinical relevance. We provide evidence that UCB interferes with the interaction between C1q and immunoglobulins, thus inhibiting the initial step in the activation of complement through the classical pathway. A molecular model is proposed for the interaction between UCB and C1q.
Integrated DBR laser-EA modulator for transmission experiments at 10 Gbit/s on standard dispersive fiber (2002)

We report the first 10 Gb/s transmission on 100 km of dispersive fiber for four 90 GHz spaced channels, using a DBR laser-electroabsorption modulator. We present components with optimized characteristics. Transmission experiments at 10 Gb/s over 100 km of standard single mode dispersive fiber on the four channels of an integrated device are reported. This fiber span beyond the chromatic dispersion limit is achievable owing to the blue chirp regime operation of the transmitter.