gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Relaxation of diaphragm muscle (1999)

Relaxation is the process by which, after contraction, the muscle actively returns to its initial conditions of length and load. In rhythmically active muscles such as diaphragm, relaxation is of physiological importance because diaphragm must return to a relatively constant resting position at the end of each contraction-relaxation cycle. Rapid and complete relaxation of the diaphragm is likely to play an important role in adaptation to changes in respiratory load and breathing frequency. Regulation of diaphragm relaxation at the molecular and cellular levels involves Ca(2+) removal from the myofilaments, active Ca(2+) pumping by the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), and decrease in the number of working cross bridges. The relative contribution of these mechanisms mainly depends on sarcomere length, muscle tension, and the intrinsic contractile function. Increased capacity of SR to take up Ca(2+) can arise from increased density of active SR pumping sites or in slow-twitch fibers from phosphorylation of phospholamban, whereas impaired coupling between ATP hydrolysis and Ca(2+) transport into the SR or intracellular acidosis reduces SR Ca(2+) pump activity. In experimental conditions of decreased contractile performance, slowed, enhanced, or unchanged relaxation rates have been reported in vitro. In vivo, a slowing in the rate of decline of the respiratory pressure is generally considered an early reliable index of respiratory muscle fatigue. Impaired relaxation rate may, in turn, favor mismatch between blood flow and metabolic demand, especially at high breathing frequencies.
Análisis de la visión de algunos europeos, sobre las masonerías autóctonas de Cuba y Puerto Rico, a finales del siglo XIX (2018)

Las masonerías autóctonas de Cuba y Puerto Rico, durante la segunda mitad del Siglo XIX, han sido estudiadas por algunos historiadores académicos, europeos, y sobre todo españoles, así como por varios otros de estas islas. La percepción de estos dos grupos de historiadores difiere, con respecto a la interpretación y a la exclusión de tres elementos claves. En el presente trabajo analizaremos y contrastaremos tales diferencias de opinión, y argüiremos sobre sus méritos respectivos.
Experimental simulation of ITER rampdown in DIII-D (2010)

Because of the high value of the stored energy in planned ITER plasmas, the safe and controlled termination of ITER discharges is an important aspect of ITER operation. In a series of experiments on the DIII-D tokamak, we have simulated the proposed ITER rampdown for the 15 MA baseline operating scenario. These scaled discharges match the reference scenario (including scaled time dependence) with regard to key parameters such as scaled current, poloidal beta, elongation and internal inductance. The scaled plasma current is reduced to the equivalent of less than 1 MA, well below the 1.4 MA specified for ITER as the maximum allowable for disruptive termination. The plasma shape and position are controlled during rampdown so that the high heat flux zones near the strike points of the separatrix are held within the equivalent of the armoured zones of the ITER divertor; the regulation of the strike-point location is an order of magnitude better than required. Scans of the current rampdown rates indicate that a more rapid rampdown than the ITER reference case may be needed to avoid excessive current in the ITER central solenoid. Rampdown with a full-size plasma was studied, but was found to be unsuitable for ITER because of transitions to ELM-free H-mode with a consequent lack of density control, as well as large excursions in poloidal beta and internal inductance. We find that ELMs play an important role during the H-mode phase of the rampdown, helping to reduce the density as the current is reduced.
Inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 protects against cocaine hepatotoxicity in CF-1 mice (2008)

Gender differences in oral cocaine hepatotoxicity have been observed and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was shown to potentiate cocaine hepatotoxicity in male CF-1 mice. Since cocaine and LPS inflict hepatocellular damage through the production of harmful reactive species, the role of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in gender-dependent cocaine hepatotoxicity was investigated. COX-2 increases nitric oxide (NO) synthesis and pro-inflammatory mediator production in response to hepatocellular insult. Male and female CF-1 mice were orally administered 20 mg kg−1 cocaine hydrochloride once daily for 7 days. Four hours after the last cocaine administration, the mice received 12 × 106 EU LPS intraperitoneally (cocaine + LPS). Mice receiving meloxicam (7.5 mg kg−1, p.o.), a selective COX-2 inhibitor, were pretreated 1 h before each cocaine administration. Meloxicam prevented liver damage in males produced by cocaine and cocaine + LPS as evidenced by microscopic appearance and biochemical indices equivalent to saline treatment. Acetaminophen (APAP) was administered orally as a positive control which shows no gender dependency and elicited a hepatotoxic response in both males and females. Altered biochemical indices suggest that COX-2 is activated, possibly to a greater extent in females versus males in APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. Meloxicam prevented all oxidative stress changes induced in males following APAP. The results suggest that the induction of COX-2 is responsible, in part, for cocaine hepatotoxicity with and without LPS exposure in male mice.
4-(N-Hydroxyphenyl)retinamide Can Selectively Induce Apoptosis in Human Epidermoid Carcinoma Cells But Not in Normal Dermal Fibroblasts (2001)

The retinoid 4-(N-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (4HPR, fenretinide) has both growth inhibitory and apoptosis-inducing effects on a number of cancer cell lines in vitro and in vivo and has been entered into a number of oncological trials. However, little is known about its mechanism(s) of action or its effects on normal cells such as fibroblasts. In this study, the effects of fenretinide on both epidermoid carcinoma cells of vulva (cell line A431) and normal human dermal fibroblasts, both as monolayers and also grown in 3D cell culture systems, have been investigated. The 3D cell culture system contained normal human fibroblasts embedded in a type I collagen gel with the carcinoma cells seeded on top of the collagen gel, which mimics the epidermoid carcinoma. Fenretinide significantly inhibited the rate of DNA synthesis of carcinoma cells, while there was little effect on fibroblasts on monolayers, at 10(-6)-10(-5) M, which are clinically attainable doses. Fenretinide at 5 x 10(-6) M induced apoptosis characterised by cell shrinkage, membrane blebbing, nuclear condensation and/or fragmentation, and cell detachment in carcinoma cells, but not fibroblasts from monolayers. Fenretinide also reduced the viability of carcinoma cells in the 3D cell culture system without affecting fibroblasts. These data show that fenretinide may preferentially induce apoptosis in epidermoid carcinoma cells.
Antibody ligation of CEACAM1, CEACAM3, and CEACAM6, differentially enhance the cytokine release of human neutrophils in responses to Candida albicans (2021)

Invasive candidiasis is a healthcare-associated fungal infection with a high mortality rate. Neutrophils, the first line of defense during fungal infections, express the immunoregulatory Candida albicans receptors CEACAM1, CEACAM3, and CEACAM6. We analyzed the effects of specific antibodies on C. albicans-induced neutrophil responses. CEACAM6 ligation by 1H7-4B and to some extent CEACAM1 ligation by B3-17, but not CEACAM3 ligation by 308/3-3, resulted in the immediate release of stored CXCL8 and altered transcriptional responses of the C. albicans-stimulated neutrophils. Integrated network analyses and dynamic simulations of signaling cascades predicted alterations in apoptosis and cytokine secretion. We verified that CEACAM6 ligation enhanced Candida-induced neutrophil apoptosis and increased long-term IL-1β/IL-6 release in responses to C. albicans. CEACAM3 ligation, but not CEACAM1 ligation, increased the long-term release of pro-inflammatory IL-1β/IL-6. Taken together, we demonstrated for the first time that ligation of CEACAM receptors differentially affects the regulation of C. albicans-induced immune functions in human neutrophils.
Synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular docking study of chromen‐linked hydrazine carbothioamides as potent α‐glucosidase inhibitors (2023)

Inhibiting α-glucosidase is a reliable method for reducing blood sugar levels in diabetic individuals. Several novel chromen-linked hydrazine carbothioamide (3a-r) were designed and synthesized by condensation of chromone-3-carbaldehyde with a variety of substituted thiosemicarbazides. The structures of these new analogues were elucidated through various advanced spectroscopic techniques (<sup>1</sup> H NMR, <sup>13</sup> C NMR, and ESI-MS). The resulted compounds were screened for α-glucosidase inhibitory potential and all the compounds (3a-r) exhibited potent inhibition of α-glucosidase with IC<sub>50</sub> values ranging 0.29-53.70 µM. Among them compounds 3c, 3f, 3h, and 3r displayed the highest α-glucosidase inhibitor capability with IC<sub>50</sub> values of 1.50, 1.28, 1.08, and 0.29 µM, respectively. Structure-activity relationship showed that different substituted groups are responsible for the variation in the α-glucosidase inhibition. The kinetics studies of the most active inhibitor (3r) were performed, to investigate the mode of inhibition and dissociation constants (Ki), that indicated a competitive inhibitor with Ki value of 1.47 ± 0.31 µM. Furthermore, molecular docking studies was performed to reveal the possible interactions, such as H-bonding, or π-π stacking, with the key residues of α-glucosidase. Docking analysis revealed the importance of hydrazine carbothioamide moiety of compounds in the attachment of ligands with the crucial residues of α-glucosidase. The estimated pharmacokinetic, physicochemical, and drug likeness properties of compounds 3a-r reflects that these molecules have acceptable range of these properties.
Quantitative Analysis of Protein Adsorption via Atomic Force Microscopy and Surface Plasmon Resonance (2008)

Surface properties have a significant influence on the performance of biomedical devices. The influence of surface chemistry on the amount and distribution of adsorbed proteins has been evaluated by a combination of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Adsorption of albumin, fibrinogen, and fibronectin was analyzed under static and dynamic conditions, employing self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) as model surfaces. AFM was performed in tapping mode with antibody-modified tips. Phase-contrast images showed protein distribution on SAMs and phase-shift entity provided information on protein conformation. SPR analysis revealed substrate-specific dynamics in each system investigated. When multi-protein solutions and diluted human plasma interacted with SAMs, SPR data suggested that surface chemistry governs the equilibrium composition of the protein layer.
Alkaline serine proteinase from Thermomonospora fusca YX. Stability to heat and denaturants (1990)

The serine proteinase isolated from Thermomonospora fusca YX shows considerable thermal stability up to 80 degrees C, and progressive inactivation occurs at higher temperatures. Lyotropic salts affected the thermal stability of the enzyme at 85 degrees C, suggesting that disruption of hydrophobic interactions play an important role in the decreased thermal stability of the enzyme above 80 degrees C. Thermal stability is highly pH-dependent; above pH 6.0-6.5 there is a sharp decrease in the stability of the enzyme, reflecting increased autolysis. Although some stabilization occurs upon increasing ionic strength, Ca2+ binding does not appear to play a role in thermal stability. Denaturants, i.e. 8 M-urea, 6 M-guanidinium chloride or 1% SDS, had no significant effect on the activity of the enzyme after 24 h at 25 degrees C.
A novel device for measuring the effect of cholesterol on the release of oxygen from red blood cells (2002)

A novel method has been devised to measure the effect of cholesterol on the release of oxygen (O/sub 2/) from the red blood cell (RBC) into a tailored environment, which can be made to mimic myocardial tissue. Cholesterol affects the cell membrane of RBCs and thus the release of O/sub 2/ into tissue. While this is true of all tissue, the myocardium is especially sensitive because of its critical nature, high O/sub 2/ requirements, and the shortness of time that arterial blood spends in the muscle. Calculations are presented that show that the release time for O/sub 2/ from RBCs is close to the residence time of the RBC in the coronary system. Sequential measurements of blood oxygen saturation (SO/sub 2/) are made when oxygenated blood is subjected to conditions similar to the myocardium. The natural logarithm of the relative value of the SO/sub 2/ at time t compared to the initial value of the SO/sub 2/ can be fitted to a straight line whose slope is proportional to the parameters of the RBC membrane, the sample size, the hematocrit and the diffusion parameters of the apparatus. This value is used to estimate the effect of cholesterol lowering treatments on O/sub 2/ release. This test will serve as a valuable adjunct to or replacement for stress tests in the evaluation of coronary artery disease, especially in patients whose physical condition make standard stress testing painful or risky.
The Aromatic Amino Acid Hydroxylases (2000)

The enzymes phenylalanine hydroxylase, tyrosine hydroxylase, and tryptophan hydroxylase constitute the family of pterin-dependent aromatic amino acid hydroxylases. Each enzyme catalyzes the hydroxylation of the aromatic side chain of its respective amino acid substrate using molecular oxygen and a tetrahydropterin as substrates. Recent advances have provided insights into the structures, mechanisms, and regulation of these enzymes. The eukaryotic enzymes are homotetramers comprised of homologous catalytic domains and discrete regulatory domains. The ligands to the active site iron atom as well as residues involved in substrate binding have been identified from a combination of structural studies and site-directed mutagenesis. Mechanistic studies with nonphysiological and isotopically substituted substrates have provided details of the mechanism of hydroxylation. While the complex regulatory properties of phenylalanine and tyrosine hydroxylase are still not fully understood, effects of regulation on key kinetic parameters have been identified. Phenylalanine hydroxylase is regulated by an interaction between phosphorylation and allosteric regulation by substrates. Tyrosine hydroxylase is regulated by phosphorylation and feedback inhibition by catecholamines.
Higher order feedback loop for a pulse widthmodulator (2006)

This report is about the research of a feedback loop for a Pulse Width Modulator. Different loop filters are investigated. The optimal type of loop filter depends on the
types of noise in the system. In general a higher filter order of the loop-filter leads to a better noise suppression, but there are limits. Out of this study it emerged that a 3rd order Butterworth type filter with at 700 kHz carrier signal inserted in the last integrator is a good option for implementation. A SINAD of 112 dB in the audio band is possible in case of 50% modulation depth. This is 29 dB better than for a 2nd order Butterworth filter with a 350 kHz carrier signal. This last filter is used the Philips’ design which was the motive for this project. In the simulations the noise/distortion sources are jitter noise from the carrier signal, supply voltage distortion and intrinsic modulation errors. Distortion in the output stage is neglected. Also a start is made for the implementation of the actual loop-filter. A chain of
integrators with distributed feedforward is chosen as loop-filter topology, because it is considered as the best choice in perspective of the power consumption and internal
component requirements. All integrators in the loop filter are of the Miller type, due to their linearity, low power consumption and because of simplicity reasons. Although
some components inside the loop filter are still idealized, a lot of parasitic effects are visible. Parasitic zeros and poles from the integrators are analyzed. The simulations
results of this implementation show that a dynamic range of 122 dB in the audio band would be possible if only the internal thermal noise is considered as noise source. The
component values for this implementation are calculated so that the internal thermal noise is not too large, the voltage swings of the integrators are within limits, the
parasitics do no harm and that the component values are realistic.
Valorization of Lignocellulosic Waste (Crotalariajuncea) Using Alkaline Peroxide Pretreatment under Different Process Conditions: An Optimization Study on Separation of Lignin, Cellulose, and Hemicellulose (2018)

Lignocellulose materials, essentially consisting of lignin, cellulose and hemicelluloses, are abundant sources of fermentable sugars. The bast fiber of Crotalaria juncea (Sunn hemp), a native cover crop of India, was used as feedstock for this study. The primary objective of this study was to add value to the waste C. juncea bast fiber. The same was achieved by pretreating the waste fiber using alkaline peroxide solution at various process conditions. The optimal process condition for alkaline peroxide pretreatment was identified for the fiber to pretreatment solution (S/S) ratio of 1/40 at 50°C for 5h with respect to all response variables (lignin removal, hemicellulose recovery, recovery of solid pretreated material, and crystallinity of lignocellulose). Three-way ANOVA results revealed that S/S ratio had no significant effect; whereas, both temperature and time, and the combination of parameters, exhibited significant effect on response variables. The characteristic peaks associated with lignin and cellulose demonstrated a higher amount of lignin removal and increased cellulose content with elevated treatment time. Autoclave assisted pretreatment proved to be inefficient due to removal of lower amount of lignin in addition to higher hemicellulose degradation. On the other hand, pretreatment using ultrasound was found to be most effective in removing lignin, liberating hemicelluloses along with diminition in cellulose crystallinity.
Enhanced photocatalytic properties in well-ordered mesoporous WO3 (2010)

We used polyisoprene-block-ethyleneoxide copolymers as structure-directing agents to synthesise well-ordered and highly-crystalline mesoporous WO(3) architectures that possess improved photocatalytic properties due to enhanced dye-adsorption in absence of diffusion limitation.
ChemInform Abstract: Antimycins, Inhibitors of ATP‐Citrate Lyase, from a Streptomyces sp. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
José Miguel Ibáñez Langlois: Si Adán descendiera. Vivo en la sombra de Dios (alta calidad) (2018)

Audio del escritor y sacerdote chileno Jose Miguel Ibanez Langlois, recitando dos poemas de inspiracion religiosa.
Mechanism-Based Design of Parasite-Targeted Artemisinin Derivatives:  Synthesis and Antimalarial Activity of New Diamine Containing Analogues (2002)

The potent antimalarial activity of chloroquine against chloroquine-sensitive strains can be attributed, in part, to its high accumulation in the acidic environment of the heme-rich parasite food vacuole. A key component of this intraparasitic chloroquine accumulation mechanism is a weak base "ion-trapping" effect whereupon the basic drug is concentrated in the acidic food vacuole in its membrane-impermeable diprotonated form. By the incorporation of amino functionality into target artemisinin analogues, we hoped to prepare a new series of analogues that, by virtue of increased accumulation into the ferrous-rich vacuole, would display enhanced antimalarial potency. The initial part of the project focused on the preparation of piperazine-linked analogues (series 1 (7-16)). Antimalarial evaluation of these derivatives demonstrated potent activity versus both chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant parasites. On the basis of these observations, we then set about preparing a series of C-10 carba-linked amino derivatives. Optimization of the key synthetic step using a newly developed coupling protocol provided a key intermediate, allyldeoxoartemisinin (17) in 90% yield. Further elaboration, in three steps, provided nine target C-10 carba analogues (series 2 (21-29)) in good overall yields. Antimalarial assessment demonstrated that these compounds were 4-fold more potent than artemisinin and about twice as active as artemether in vitro versus chloroquine-resistant parasites. On the basis of the products obtained from biomimetic Fe(II) degradation of the C-10 carba analogue (23), we propose that these analogues may have a mode of action subtly different from that of the parent drug artemisinin (series 1 (7-16)) and other C-10 ether derivatives such as artemether. Preliminary in vivo testing by the WHO demonstrated that four of these compounds are active orally at doses of less than 10 mg/kg. Since these analogues are available as water-soluble salts and cannot form dihydroartemisinin by P450-catalyzed oxidation, they represent useful leads that might prove to be superior to the currently used derivatives, artemether and artesunate.
Field-Trial of Layered/Enhanced ACO-OFDM (2017)

L/E-A CO-OFDM and DCO-OFDM are compared in a 20-km field fibre transmission experiment with high-order QAM. L/E-ACO-OFDM can provide a 0.7-dB benefit in maximum achievable Q-factor over DCO-OFDM using 3.5-GBaud 16QAM without dispersion. Sources of signal distortion are also analysed.
Enhanced Characterization of Complex Proteomic Samples Using LC−MALDI MS/MS:  Exclusion of Redundant Peptides from MS/MS Analysis in Replicate Runs (2005)

Due to the complexity of proteome samples, only a portion of peptides and thus proteins can be identified in a single LC-MS/MS analysis in current shotgun proteomics methodologies. It has been shown that replicate runs can be used to improve the comprehensiveness of the proteome analysis; however, high-intensity peptides tend to be analyzed repeatedly in different runs, thus reducing the chance of identifying low-intensity peptides. In contrast to commonly used online ESI-MS, offline MALDI decouples the separation from MS acquisition, thus allowing in-depth selection for specific precursor ions. Accordingly, we extended a strategy for offline LC-MALDI MS/MS analysis using a precursor ion exclusion list consisting of all identified peptides in preceding runs. The exclusion list eliminated redundant MS/MS acquisitions in subsequent runs, thus reducing MALDI sample depletion and allowing identification of a larger number of peptide identifications in the cumulative dataset. In the analysis of the digest of an Escherichia coli lysate, the exclusion list strategy resulted in a 25% increase in the number of unique peptide identifications in the second run, in contrast to simply pooling MS/MS data from two replicate runs. To reduce the increased LC analysis time for repeat runs, a four-column multiplexed LC system was developed to carry out separation simultaneously. The multiplexed LC-MALDI MS provides a high-throughput platform to utilize the exclusion list strategy in proteome analysis.
Functional brain imaging of swallowing: an activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis (2009)

Background: The neuroanatomy and functional significance of swallowing-related networks in humans are not entirely clear. Activation likelihood estimation (ALE), a novel quantitative meta-analysis technique, was employed to pool the results of functional brain imaging studies for the investigation of the neural control of swallowing (Sörös et al. 2008).