gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ion-induced charge emission from unpolished surfaces bombarded by an [Emim][BF4] electrospray plume (2022)

Experiments were conducted at the University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign Electric Propulsion Laboratory to study the ion-induced secondary charge emission from surfaces bombarded by an [Emim][BF4] electrospray plume. The surfaces were unpolished and had oxide and hydrocarbon layers typical of as-received materials used in electrospray experiments. The effect of changing the bias from −85 to +85 V on the target collecting current from the electrospray plume was measured. These data are used to calculate the yield of positive and negative charged species emission from the target due to bombarding cations and anions. The yields of positive charges per incident cation (γcation+), negative charges per incident cation (γcation−), positive charges per incident anion (γanion+), and negative charges per incident anion (γanion−) are measured for eight different industrial materials commonly used in electrospray diagnostics or thruster and spacecraft construction. These yields range from 0 to 1.3 charges per incident ion over a range of emitter voltages from 1.5 to 2.9 kV and largely display linearly increasing trends with increasing emitter voltage. Over this emitter voltage range, γcation+ ranges from 0 to 0.55, γcation− ranges from 0 to 0.75, γanion+ ranges from 0 to 0.4, and γanion− ranges from 0.3 to 1.3. The data show for the first time positive and negative charges being emitted due to both cation and anion bombardment and suggest that secondary ions sputtered from the surface are important to the secondary charge emission behavior in electrospray plumes.
Phase contrast radiography: Image modeling and optimization (2004)

We consider image formation for the phase-contrast radiography technique where the radiation source is extended and spatially incoherent. A model is developed for this imaging process which allows us to define an objective filtering criterion that can be applied to the recovery of quantitative phase images from data obtained at different propagation distances. We test our image model with experimental x-ray data. We then apply our filter to experimental neutron phase radiography data and demonstrate improved image quality.
The Halogen Bonding Proclivity of the sp3 Sulfur Atom as a Halogen Bond Acceptor in Cocrystals of Tetrahydro-4H-thiopyran-4-one and Its Derivatives (2022)

In this work, we present a systematic study of the capability of the sp<sup>3</sup> hybridized sulfur atom for halogen bonding both in a small building block, tetrahydro-4<i>H</i>-thiopyran-4-one, and two larger ones derived from it, Schiff bases with a morpholine fragment on the other end of the molecule. These three building blocks were cocrystallized with six perhalogenated aromates: 1,4-diiodotetrafluorobenzene, 1,3,5-triiodotrifluorobenzene, 1,3-diiodotetrafluorobenzene, 1,2-diiodotetrafluorobenzene, iodopentafluorobenzene, and 1,4-dibromotetrafluorobenzene. Out of the 18 combinations, only 7 (39%) yielded cocrystals, although with a high occurrence of the targeted I···S halogen bonding motif in all cocrystals (71%), and in imine cocrystals the I···O<sub>morpholine</sub> motif (100%) as well as, surprisingly, the I···N<sub>imine</sub> motif (100%). The I···S halogen bonds presented in this work feature lower relative shortening values than those for other types of sulfur atoms; however, the sp<sup>3</sup> sulfur atom could potentially be more specific an acceptor for halogen bonding.
Supramolecular control of electronic properties in aromatic materials (2014)

Abstract The use of supramolecular interactions for controlling the electronic and photophysical properties of organic π-conjugated materials is described. This leads to materials presenting unique properties, such as light-induced switching of polarization (photopolism), or the spontaneous formation of highly luminescent vesicles. In another approach, reversible covalent bonds are used to prepare densely packed fullerene monolayers whose conductivity could be probed using conducting AFM.
Are torso asymmetry and torso displacements in a computer brace model associated with initial in-brace correction in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis? (2023)

Based on the results of this pilot study, the degree of torso asymmetry and segmental peak torso displacements in the brace model alone are not clearly associated with IBC.
A NEW VLSI ARCHITECTURE FOR OF ROBOT MANIPULATORS REAL-TIME CONTROL (1991)

This paper proposes an integrated solution to compute kinematics, Jacobian and inverse Jacobian in real-time robot control using a special-purpose VLSI array. This integrated approach enhances computational efficiency by reducing the duplicate calculations of these functions and maximizing the parallel/pipelining processing. The array is connected in a systolic manner to form a 6 x 7 array using 42 basic processing elements (PES); these include 6 circular PES, 30 square PES, and 6 triangular PES. A square PE test chip has been designed and fabricated. The test results for this chip show that the array should be able to operate at a step time of 150 ns. For a six-link manipulator with rotary joints, it takes 156 steps, i.e., 23.4 ps, to complete the entire computations in one sampling period.
Leaking Aortic Pseudoaneurysm Originating from the Left Main Coronary Artery Anastomosis: CT-Angio image and reality. (2015)

ously he had undergone a modified Bentall operation for an ascending aortic aneurysm with severe aortic insufficiency. A chest computed tomography (CT) scan showed a 7 cm pseudoaneurysm of the aortic root [Figure 1A]. The origin of the leak feeding the pseudoaneurysm was identified precisely at the anastomosis of the left main coronary artery to the composite graft. A small niche at the cranial pole (toe) of the anastomosis was clearly demonstrated [Figure 1B]. At re-operation the Dacron graft was transected and a 1.5 mm fistula was found in the exact location pinpointed by the CTangiogram at the upper pole of the anastoP seudoaneurysm of the ascending aorta after a composite graft operation (Bentall) is an uncommon postoperative complication [1-4]. A 44 year old man was admitted with acute severe chest pain. Four years previmosis of the left main coronary artery to the composite graft [Figure 2]. Direct repair of the fistula was performed, supported with an autologous pericardial strip. The postoperative course was uneventful and the patient was discharged home 5 days later. This complication may have been prevented during the original operation by creating a smaller hole in the graft and constructing a completely tension-free anastomosis with the coronary artery button.
Snoring is not associated with adverse effects on blood pressure, arterial structure or function in 8‐year‐old children: The Childhood Asthma Prevention Study (CAPS) (2011)

Parentally reported snoring was not independently associated with adverse measurements of metabolic markers, vascular structure or function in 8-year-old children. Parental reports of snoring may be below the treatment threshold without additional diagnosis via sleep studies.
High-Performance, Water-Based Drilling Fluid Helps Achieve Early Oil with lower Capital Expenditure (2005)

Abstract The Forties field was discovered in 1970 and at its peak produced 500,000 bbl of oil per day (bopd). To re-start major drilling operations using oil-based drilling fluids on some of the field's old platforms would have required significant capital expenditure (CAPEX) to ensure total containment of both the fluid and cuttings. An alternative approach on three of the field's platforms has been successfully employed. The first utilisation in the North Sea of a high-performance, environmentally friendly, water-based drilling fluid has helped the operator achieve early oil with much lower CAPEX. It has also proved possible to drill side-track wells through the Eocene overburden and through the reservoir in one hole section. This was not previously considered possible - historically intermediate casing was set and the reservoir drilled with a smaller hole size. Expensive retrofitting of aging platforms to meet environmental obligations for total containment may be unnecessary when a high-performance, water-based fluid is utilised. This paper describes the characteristics and field performance of this innovative drilling fluid system. Six wells have been drilled from three different platforms during 2004 and early 2005. This paper describes how the fluid performed drilling reactive formations that have only been successfully drilled in the past using oil-based muds. The paper presents a cost model of the alternative approaches to developing Forties using either oil-based muds with total containment or high-performance, water-based fluids with cuttings discharge. This paper will be of interest to Operator's of aging assets looking to continue drilling without heavy CAPEX investment for Total Containment.
An All Optical Method for Fabrication Error Measurements in Integrated Photonic Circuits (2013)

We propose an optical method to quantify the level of fabrication imperfections in a Silicon On Insulator wafer. The method is based on the use of Side Coupled Integrated Spaced Sequence of Resonators (SCISSOR) as test devices. Fabrication induced fluctuations of the effective index and of the coupling coefficient are mapped by comparing different spectral responses of nominally identical samples taken from different dies in the wafer. Random variations of the resonator's optical path are quantified in terms of standard deviations of normally distribuited variables by finding a statistical correlation with the coupled resonator induced transparency (CRIT) phenomena. We found a strong correlation between CRIT and fabrication errors. This led us to design a SCISSOR based test structure that allows to quantify the degree of local structural imperfections in a fast, accurate and non invasive way. Performances, possible applications and limitations are investigated with the help of transfer matrix simulations.
<b>Alteration in the ability to phosphorylate a constituent of 26S proteasome during <i>Bufo</i> oocyte maturation induced by </b><b>progesterone </b> (1996)

Active (26S) proteasome, which can hydrolyze chymotryptic peptide (Suc-LLVY-MCA) without SDS, is found in toad (Bufo japonicus) oocytes. When [32P]labeled extracts of premature oocytes were immunoprecipitated using polyclonal antibodies to 20S proteasome and subsequently resolved by SDS-PAGE, a component (p125) in the 125-kDa range was significantly phosphorylated. Furthermore, the peptide-hydrolyzing activity of the extracts was lost after adding antibodies. These findings suggest that p125 is probably derived not from the subunits (23-35 kDa) of 20S proteasome but from higher molecular mass subunits (the regulatory subunit complex) of 26S proteasome. Moreover, the phosphorylation was dependent on the progress of oocyte maturation induced by progesterone. During the first 2 h of culture, [32P]labeled p125 was detectable, but after 4h, the labeling disappeared. The results suggest that the in vitro phosphorylation of p125 contained within the 26S proteasome is involved in regulating the assembly and/or activity of the 26S proteasome during oocyte maturation in toads.
Numerical simulation of time-resolved 3D phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (2021)

A numerical approach is presented to efficiently simulate time-resolved 3D phase-contrast Magnetic resonance Imaging (or 4D Flow MRI) acquisitions under realistic flow conditions. The Navier-Stokes and Bloch equations are simultaneously solved with an Eulerian-Lagrangian formalism. A semi-analytic solution for the Bloch equations as well as a periodic particle seeding strategy are developed to reduce the computational cost. The velocity reconstruction pipeline is first validated by considering a Poiseuille flow configuration. The 4D Flow MRI simulation procedure is then applied to the flow within an in vitro flow phantom typical of the cardiovascular system. The simulated MR velocity images compare favorably to both the flow computed by solving the Navier-Stokes equations and experimental 4D Flow MRI measurements. A practical application is finally presented in which the MRI simulation framework is used to identify the origins of the MRI measurement errors.
COMMUTERS’ HEALTH RISK TO ULTRAFINE PARTICLES IN JAKARTA (2011)

Background and Aims: Latest developments in epidemiological studies indicated that particles might be responsible for increases in the symptom of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases and several adverse health outcomes, including mortality, reduction of lung function, exacerbation of asthma, and an increase in emergency room visits. Public concern over air quality is enhanced by its effect on children, especially on associations with incidence and prevalence of asthma. In Jakarta, emissions of particles are expected to increase, especially its contribution from transportation. Both urban population size and the fraction of the population that owns a private vehicle are increasing. Objective of the study to determine the numbers of ultrafine particulate matter (particles with an aerodynamic diameter of 0.1 □m or less, or PM0.1) inhaled by elementary school children, commute workers with private car and commute workers with public transport. Methods: A cross-sectional study design is implemented for assessing ultrafine particulate matter concentrations inhaled by targeted population groups in Jakarta involving ten elementary school children, ten commuters with private car and ten commuters with public transports. Results: Concentration of ultrafine particulate matter (average) of elementary school children at home, on the road and at school is 29,254/cm3, 147,897/cm3 and 61,033/cm3 respectively. For those commuters with private car at home, on the road and at office is 29,213/cm3, 310,179/cm3 and 42,496/cm3 respectively. For those commuters with public transport, the concentration average of at home, on the road and at office is found higher: 35,332/cm3, 453,547/cm3, and 69,867/cm3 respectively. Conclusions: School children and commuters with both private car and public transport are at high-risk to have respiratory diseases, reduction of lung function, exacerbation of asthma, and even death especially when they are on the road. Recommendations: It is suggested that commuters should reduce their length of time during trip on the road and avoid traffic jam during on the road. Providing adequate ventilation and air circulation at home as well as in the office are needed for healthier breathing. Improving management of transportation to reduce traffic jams is also strongly recommended to local government.
Lattice Thermodynamics for Ultra-Cold Atoms (2009)

We measure the temperature of ultra-cold Rb-87 gases transferred into an optical lattice and compare to non-interacting thermodynamics for a combined lattice--parabolic potential. Absolute temperature is determined at low temperature by fitting quasimomentum distributions obtained using bandmapping, i.e., turning off the lattice potential slowly compared with the bandgap. We show that distributions obtained at high temperature employing this technique are not quasimomentum distributions through numerical simulations. To overcome this limitation, we extract temperature using the in-trap size of the gas.
Fatigue Behaviour of Stainless Steels: A Multi-parametric Approach (2016)

In recent years different experimental methods have been experienced to enhance the fatigue characterisation of materials with the aim to overcome the Standard long-lasting tests, i.e. Wohler curve determination. Standard fatigue treatment requires at least 15 specimens being tested to get an estimation of material fatigue limit and it is worth noting that this kind of tests do not provide any information on damage phenomena occurring in the material. Thus, topic to be addressed in this research have to do with development of lock-in infrared measurement based thermal method for rapid evaluation of fatigue limit. By performing a single test , the adopted method leads to match different parameter information. The Assessed parameters are in number more than the ones provided by TSA, as well. Moreover, the adopted technique points to study damage by analysing the different phenomena involved in fatigue and in this regard, the aim of this paper is to show how a thermal technique can attain an early assessment of the failure processes during a cyclically loading test. The author is, also, focused on to illustrate the strong points of a method based on infrared measurements for assessing endurance limit for both austenitic and martensitic stainless steels while considering, as reference, the Standard Test methods.
Removal of odor originating from kitchen wastewater treatment facilities by activated carbon impregnated iodic acid; Chubo haisui shori shisetsu kara hasseisuru akushu no yososan tenchaku kasseitan ni yoru jokyo (1997)

Activated carbon impregnated iodic acid (deodorant D) was developed as a new deodorant. Deodorization performance of deodorant D as well as three kinds of commercial activated carbons (deodorant A, B and C) was tested for odors originating from the kitchen wastewater treatment facilities of one commercial building. The odor exhausted from this facility was medium concentration between 422 and 31,620. The main odorous compounds were hydrogen sulfide (0.076 to 15.7 ppm) and methyl mercaptan (not detected to 0.081 ppm). The hydrogen sulfide contribution to the odor concentration was about 90%. The main apparatuses from which the odors were originating were the raw water tank and the pressurized flotation tank. The total odor emission rate was between 10{sup 4.9} and 10{sup 5.7} Nm{sup 3}/min. For the performance test for deodorants, fixed bed adsorption experimental equipment was used, and the breakthrough time of odor concentration and hydrogen sulfide were used as indexes. Correlation between the contact time and the breakthrough time was observed for all of the deodorants. For a contact time of 0.5 sec, the breakthrough times for odor concentration were D>C>B>A, and the breakthrough times for hydrogen sulfide were D>C>B>A. Effectiveness of activated carbon impregnated iodic acid was recognized. 11 refs., 7 figs., 7 tabs.
3α-Hydroxytirucalla-8,24-dien-21-oic acid (2011)

The title compound, C(30)H(48)O(3), a triterpene isolated from the resin of canarium schweinfurthiiand, is an isomer of the previously reported triterpene 3α-hy-droxy-tirucalla-7,24-dien-21-oic acid [Mora et al. (2001 ▶). Acta Cryst. C57, 638-640], which crystallizes in the same trigonal space group. The title mol-ecule consists of four fused rings having chair, half-chair, half-chair and envelope conformations for rings A, B, C and D, respectively (steroid labelling). An intra-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bond generates an S(7) ring. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked by O-H⋯O and C-H⋯O inter-actions, forming (001) sheets.
“In vivo” amplification of biological activity of tetragastrin by amino acid hydroxamates (1984)

Rat blood was shown to contain an aminopeptidase which rapidly hydrolyses short peptides containing an aromatic amino acid as N-terminal residue. Using tetragastrin (Trp-Met-Asp-PheNH 2) as substrate, we showed that some amino acid hydroxamates inhibit rat aminopeptidase activity ‘in vitro’ in the following order: HTrpNHOH &amp;gt; HPheNHOH ≫ HAIaNHOH. The same hydroxamates markedly enhanced the biological activity of tetragastrin ‘in vivo’. The amplification of the secretory effect, correlated with the amount of the hydroxamate used, strongly suggests that these compounds can stabilize a number of active peptides in vivo by inhibiting their proteolytic degradation.
Pulse radiolysis of 9,10-anthraquinones. Part 1.—Radicals (1972)

Radicals derived from 1- and 2-substituted 9,10-anthraquinones have been studied using pulse radiolysis. In aqueous solution, both sodium anthraquinone-1- and -2-sulphonates react rapidly with hydrated electrons, and more slowly with formate radicals, to form anthrasemiquinone radical ions (A·–). The absorption spectra and extinction coefficients of both A·– radical ions were very similar; the corresponding protonated semiquinones (AH·) had similar spectral properties also. No significant difference was found in the reactivities of both A·– radicals towards oxygen, but the pK values for the equilibria A·–+ H+⇌ AH· differed significantly. OH radicals react rapidly with the 1- and 2-sulphonate to form transient products which have similar spectral properties. Kinetic salt effect studies indicate that such transient products are OH adducts rather than semi-oxidized anthraquinones. The rates of reduction of 1- and 2-piperidinoanthraquinones in alcoholic solution by solvated electrons, or by ĊH2O– radicals, to form the corresponding semiquinones, are similar. Reduction by ĊH2OH in methanol acidified with 10–2 M H2SO4 is much slower for the 1-piperidino derivative than for the 2- derivative, due to differences in the states of protonation of the two quinones. The absorption spectra were found for both unprotonated and protonated forms of these semiquinones, and the corresponding species derived from 1- and 2-aminoanthraquinone.
Irradiation of Schistosoma mansoni Cercariae Impairs Neuromuscular Function in Developing Schistosomula (1993)

Optimally attenuated larvae of Schistosoma mansoni (20 krad) are incapable of migrating farther than the lungs, and they induce high levels of resistance in mice to a subsequent challenge infection. The effect of gamma radiation on the parasite is described and related to the migratory pattern of attenuated larvae. Scanning electron microscopy revealed marked morphological differences between normal and irradiated larvae at the lung stage of development. The latter exhibited random constrictions, probably resulting from contraction of circular muscle fibers, at intervals along the length of the body and showed subtle differences in motility. We suggest these abnormalities account for persistence of attenuated larvae in the skin-draining lymph nodes and lungs, 2 events that are instrumental to the induction of protective immunity in this vaccine model.
ChemInform Abstract: Kinetics and Mechanism of Electron Transfer to Transition‐Metal Complexes by Photochemically Produced Tris(bipyridyl)ruthenium(1+) Ion. (1986)

Abstract Rate constants are determined for the one‐electron reduction of Cr(H2O)ä+ , the organochromium cations (I), the substituted pyridine complexes (II), the cobalt(III) amine complexes (IV), and miscellaneous species including Ybäg′ and (III).
Layout Design using an Optimization-Based Human Energy Consumption Formulation (2004)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;An optimization-based method for layout design (also called equipment layout) is presented that is based upon kinetic functions also introduced in this paper. The layout problem is defined by the method whereby positions of target points are specified in the environment surrounding a human. The problem is of importance to ergonomists, vehicle/cockpit packaging engineers, designers of manufacturing assembly lines, and designers concerned with the placement of lever, knobs, and controls in the reachable workspace of a human, but also to users of digital human modeling code, where digital prototyping has become a valuable tool. The method comprises kinematically-driven constraints for reaching the target points and for satisfying the joint ranges of motion. The algorithm is driven by a cost function (also called objective function) that is kinetic in nature to minimize approximate energy consumption and visual discomfort. The formulation is not restricted by the number of degrees of freedom used to model the upper extremity or by the number of target points. A commercially available optimization code is used to implement the algorithm and to yield global optimum solutions. The method is demonstrated using a 15 degree-of-freedom model of the upper extremity. It is indeed shown that this method yields the most comfortable regions in space for a particular anthropometric model and for one or more cost function(s).&lt;/div&gt;