gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Functional Characteristics of the Left Ventricular Inflow and Outflow Tracts (1965)

Simultaneous pressures were recorded from the left ventricular inflow and outflow tracts in 14 dogs. In 10 the inflow tract entered systole 4 to 18 msec before the corresponding outflow tract. In 12 additional animals, differential pressure recordings from the two tracts confirmed precedence in the inflow tract. In four animals, strain gauge recordings from the epicardial surfaces of the inflow and outflow tracts exhibited asynchrony with precedence in the inflow tract. Hearts excised from freshly-sacrificed animals or hearts stopped in diastole by KCI infusion showed a single, openly-communicating ventricular chamber. In contrast, hearts arrested in systole by infusion of CaCl 2 revealed a separation of the left ventricle by the apposition of the anterior and posterior papillary muscles and the dependent mitral valve leaflet. The apparent conduction velocity of an impact pressure wave from inflow to outflow tract depended upon the portion of the cardiac cycle during which it was delivered. From a maximum of 14 M/sec in mid and late diastole, it decreased to 6.9 M/sec in early systole and 5.5 M/sec in early diastole. Complete attenuation of pressure wave transmission often occurred during maximum systole. These data support the concept that the left ventricle may become separated, during systole, into an inflow and outflow tract. It appears that the division is accomplished by a change in the systolic ventricular architecture, with apposition of the anterior and posterior papillary muscles and the downward movement of the mitral valve leaflets. It is probable that this phenomenon is functional in hearts working near the lower limits of their systolic reserve.
Structural Relaxation of Lix(Ni0.874Co0.090Al0.036)O2 after Lithium Extraction down to x = 0.12 (2018)

A structural relaxation study has been carried out on Li<sub>x</sub>(Ni<sub>0.874</sub>Co<sub>0.090</sub>Al<sub>0.036</sub>)O₂ after the electrochemical lithium was extraction down to x = 0.12. These relaxation analyses have been carried out using X-ray diffraction coupled with the Rietveld analysis, assuming two phases (H2 and H3) and co-existence with R3&macr;m symmetry. The mole fraction of the H3 phase seemed not to vary largely during the relaxation time. As for the lattice constants, both H2 and H3 phases gradually increased the <i>a</i>-axis with the relaxation time. On the other hand, H2 and H3 phases increased and decreased the <i>c</i>-axis, respectively. The results are compared with that of previously reported Ni-rich NCA.
Pre-natal exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances may be associated with altered vaccine antibody levels and immune-related health outcomes in early childhood (2013)

Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are suggested to have immunosuppressive effects; exposure in utero and in the first years of life is of special concern as fetuses and small children are highly vulnerable to toxicant exposure. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of pre-natal exposure to PFAS on responses to pediatric vaccines and immune-related health outcomes in children up to 3 years of age. In the prospective birth-cohort BraMat, a sub-cohort of the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), pregnant women from Oslo and Akershus, Norway, were recruited during 2007-2008. Three annual questionnaire-based follow-ups were performed. Blood samples were collected from the mothers at the time of delivery and from the children at the age of 3 years. As a measure of pre-natal exposure to PFAS, the concentrations of perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), perfluorononanoate (PFNA), perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) were determined in maternal blood from 99 BraMat participants. Main outcome measures were anti-vaccine antibody levels, common infectious diseases and allergy- and asthma-related health outcomes in the children up to the age of 3 years. There was an inverse association between the level of anti-rubella antibodies in the children's serum at age 3 years and the concentrations of the four PFAS. Furthermore, there was a positive association between the maternal concentrations of PFOA and PFNA and the number of episodes of common cold for the children, and between PFOA and PFHxS and the number of episodes of gastroenteritis. No associations were found between maternal PFAS concentrations and the allergy- and asthma-related health outcomes investigated. The results indicate that pre-natal exposure to PFAS may be associated with immunosuppression in early childhood.
Identification of Protected Avian Species Using a Single Feather Barb*,† (2012)

We report on the unambiguous identification of protected avian species from as little as one barb of a feather. Many avian species are protected by international agreements and national legislation, yet they are traded illegally because of their high value. Two sections of the avian mitochondrial genome were chosen to identify bird species, being a 561-bp section of ND2 gene and a 921-bp section of the ND5 gene. Two different DNA extraction methods were compared for their ability to reliably isolate sufficient DNA to be detected in a subsequent PCR. Using a commercial kit supplied by QIAGEN, a complete sequence was obtained from one barb for the ND2 gene, whereas two barbs were required to reliably sequence the 921-bp section of the ND5 gene. The process worked on all species tested using feathers from archival museum specimens, resulted in minimal damage to the specimen and can readily be adopted by a forensic science laboratory.
Litigation and Settlement in Patent Infringement Cases (2002)

A patent grants its owner the right to sue intruders that have been identified. The patentholder must then supervise the market and react in case of infringement. His reaction may be to go to court, to settle, or to accept entry. We investigate how intensive the monitoring effort should be and how it will influence the entry decision. In a simultaneous game, even if the penalty paid by the infringer in case of a finding of liability is high, the patentholder may prefer a settlement to a trial. The likelihood of entry may increase with the penalty. In sequential games, regardless who plays first, entry occurs comparatively less often than in the simultaneous game.
Propofol and Seizures (1994)

It is now clear that "seizure activity", excitatory phenomena, and/or a disorder of muscle tone are potential complications of the use of propofol. Whether this "seizure activity" is primarily, secondarily, or not at all a cerebral cortical event is still to be elucidated. Clearly propofol does have anticonvulsant activity, and also clearly it can produce an involuntary movement disorder, in certain patients, under certain conditions. Propofol is not the first anaesthetic drug to be implicated in the causation of seizures or abnormal movements nor indeed the first to appear to have anti-convulsant and proconvulsant activity (e.g. Althesin). While propofol has undoubtedly proved a very useful drug, the problem of convulsive phenomena creates a degree of background concern about its use. More needs to be known about the mechanism of this complication and any risk factors involved in determining who may have a seizure after propofol. In the clinical setting, the reporting of seizures possibly related to propofol should include--medical history, including personal or family history of epilepsy and movement disorders; a history of previous anaesthetics and whether propofol was used; regular medications; use of drugs or alcohol; history of chemical dependency; emotional state prior to induction; presence of hyperventilation or fever; a description of the alleged seizure, including rate of administration of propofol and amount given, time of onset of seizure in relation to time of drug administration, speed of onset of signs, quality of the abnormal movements, part of body involved, duration, any indication of a postictal state, any cardiovascular changes which may have accompanied the seizure, and any other possible triggers for the reaction such as other drugs used, including premedication; post seizure investigations including temperature, blood sugar, electrolytes, arterial gas analysis, neurological examination, EEG and CT scan. These actions and these investigations concerning propofol should not be delayed. It would appear appropriate to recommend to patients who experience apparent convulsive phenomena after propofol that they not be re-exposed to the drug.
MULTI-SECTION SHIP FEASIBILITY AND CONCEPT DESIGN STUDY (1974)

Certain technical problem areas are addressed involving the use of the multi-section ship (MSS) concept for naval ships. The MSS concept involves the construction of a ship in two distinct, separable parts, a pusher unit and a functional unit. A standard pusher unit is determined to be feasible for all missions not requiring high speed (above 20-22 knots). One such standard pusher is synthesized and examined in detail as to characteristics, performance, manning and costs. The use of the standard pusher with three selected functional units replacing conventional ships--a submarine tender, a replenishment oiler, and an attack cargo ship--is investigated. The differences are noted between the MSS versions and their existing counterparts with respect to size, speed, manning and cost. Potential problems areas in the application of the concept are identified, studied, and evaluated (i.e., manning, power supply, coupling and uncoupling maneuvers). No unsolvable potential problem areas are found that would preclude the successful application of this concept to naval support missions. The ability of the pusher to perform alternate missions when not pushing a functional unit is also examined. Four such representative missions are intelligence gathering, anti-submarine warfare, surface warfare and mobile hospital. These missions are accomplished by using modular equipment mounted on the pusher. The performance of the missions is considered acceptable with no detrimental effects on the pusher.
Zur Kenntnis aromatischer 1,3‐Dialdehyde: Reaktionen des 5‐Methoxy‐6‐hydroxy‐isophthalaldehyds (1967)

Abstract Die Reaktion des 5‐Methoxy‐6‐hydroxyisophthalaldehyds (i) mit CH‐aciden Verbindungen und Aminen wurde untersucht. Die erhöhte Reaktivität der der Hydroxygruppe benachbarten Aldehydgruppe konnte sicher nachgewiesen werden. Es gelang nur in wenigen Fallen, auch die zweite Aldehydgruppe zur Reaktion zu bringen. Während mit Malonester und Benzoylessigester Cumarine gebildet wurden, entstanden mit Acetessigester, Oxalessigester und Acetylaceton die entsprechenden Benzylidenderivate. p‐Nitrobenzyleyanid führt zu einem Cumarinimid, das sich leicht zu Cumarin verseifen läßt. Bei der Umsetzung von I mit Cyanessigester werden beide Aldehydgruppen unter Bildung eines Cumarinimids umgesetzt; es wird aber dann ein weiteres Mol Cyanessigester an die Imidgruppe angelagert, wobei ein Chromen gebildet wird. Die beiden letzteren Reaktionen wurden mit einer Reihe von o‐Hydroxybenzaldehyden auf Allgemeingültigkeit untersucht. Bei der Umsetzung von primären aliphatischen Aminen und Anilin zu Schiffschen Basen konnten entweder die in o‐Stellung zum Hydroxyl stehende Aldehydgruppe oder unter anderen Bedingungen beide Aldehydgruppen zur Reaktion gebracht werden. Dagegen trat mit substituierten aromatischen Aminen nur die Aldehydgruppe in l‐Stellung in Reaktion.
Agent and user inhabited virtual communities: a case study (2002)

We report ongoing research in a virtual reality environment where visitors can interact with agents that help them to obtain information, to perform certain transactions and to collaborate with them in order to get some tasks done. This environment is a laboratory for research and experiments on users interacting with agents in multimodal ways, referring to visualized information and making use of knowledge possessed by domain agents, but also by agents that represent other visitors of this environment. Although the environment is tuned to a theatre environment, we think there are sufficient general properties in order to learn about other applications, e.g other theme oriented, educational and entertainment environments and even electronic commerce environments. In addition, especially in the home environment, there will be a growing need for social interfaces that are inhabited by visualized domain agents, user agents, friends and relatives that help, advise, and 'negotiate' on matters that range from what to prepare for dinner to how to end a relationship.
Oxidative Cleavage of Linoleic and Linolenic Acids Followed by Decarboxylation for Hydrocarbon Production (2020)

Hydrocarbon fuel production from polyunsaturated fatty acids (linoleic and linolenic acids) was studied in a two-step process: oxidative cleavage followed by decarboxylation. In the first step, the effects of oxidizing agent concentration and reaction temperature were investigated. The optimum yield for oxidative cleavage of linoleic acid was 90.3 mol% of hexanoic acid and 53.8 mol% of nonanedioic acid; while that of linolenic acid was 60.0 mol% of nonanedioic acid. In the second step, decarboxylation of hexanoic and nonanedioic acids into hydrocarbons was investigated under different N2 pressures with a Pd/C catalyst to yield 73.5 mol% of n-pentane and 73.1 mol% of n-heptane, respectively, which correspond to the carbon number range of gasoline (C4-C10).
Surface modification of ferritic and Ni based alloys for improved oxidation resistance of SOFC interconnect applications (2005)

This research is aimed at evaluating a surface modification of ferritic stainless steels (Type-430 and Crofer 22APU) and nickel-base alloys (Haynes 230) for use in the SOFC temperature range of 700 to 800°C. A surface treatment was devised to enhance the stability of the base metal oxide that forms and to reduce the oxidation rate of the materials at high temperature. Oxidation tests (in wet air; treated and untreated) were conducted at 800°C to evaulate the corrosion resistance of the alloys. It was found that the surface treatment improved the oxidation resistance of all the alloys tested. However, the treatment improved the performance of 430SS more than that of the other alloys.
Sperm protein 17 targeting for epithelial ovarian cancer treatment in the era of modern immunoengineering (2021)

Due to the vague symptomatology of the disease and a lack of effective screening methods, most patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) present late in their disease. Despite advances in chemotherapeutic agents, the prognosis of these patients has uniformly been extremely poor. Although cisplatin-based chemotherapy regimens induce responses in most of these patients, the patients invariably experience disease progression or relapses. In an attempt to improve the treatment outcome using a different therapeutic approach, immunotherapy was investigated nearly 20 years ago. Many tumor antigens that are potentially suitable for specific immunotherapy were identified, and many immunotherapeutic approaches were attempted. However, although some responses were observed, the results from clinical studies were generally disappointing. Recent advances in immunoengineering and successes observed among patients treated for refractory/relapsed hematologic malignancies have rekindled the interest to revisit specific cellular immunotherapy in EOC. In this review, we provide the rationale for immunotherapy of EOC, discuss the results of some of the historical studies on the use of cellular immunotherapy in EOC, outline the principles of modern immunoengineering that could be applied to treat the disease, and propose the re-evaluation of the cancer-testis antigen, Sperm protein 17, for targeting by using modern immunoengineering technology.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Synthesis of Triazolo‐Carbohydrate Mimetics and Their Conformational Analysis. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Implementing the cross ambiguity function and generating geometry-specific signals (2001)

The first purpose of this thesis is to implement an efficient Cross Ambiguity Function (CAF) algorithm to compute the Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) and Frequency Difference of Arrival (FDOA) between two sampled signals. Two CAF-related MATLAB functions were written and analyzed. One implements a 'coarse' mode and a 'fine' mode to accurately compute the TDOA and FDOA. The second plots different views of the resulting three-dimensional CAF surface. The second purpose is to develop a program to generate geometry-specific signals. Some software packages can artificially embed constant TDOAs and FDOAs between two signals. In real-world emitter-collector geometries (one emitter and two separate collectors) however movement of the emitter and/or collectors causes time-varying TDOAs and FDOAs. A MATLAB function was written to generate pairs of Binary-Phase-Shift-Keying signals according to user-defined signal parameters and Cartesian geometries. The resulting signal pairs have realistic TDOAs and FDOAs that vary with time according to geometry and relative motion. Several signal pairs with different geometrics are generated and input into the CAF functions and the results are compared with theoretical TDOA and FDOA calculations. Finally, signals with low signal-to-noise ratios are generated to evaluate the CAF's ability to find Low Probability of Detection signals.
Reversible Ligand Exchange in Atomically Dispersed Catalysts for Modulating the Activity and Selectivity of the Oxygen Reduction Reaction (2021)

Rational control of the coordination environment of atomically dispersed catalysts is pivotal to achieve desirable catalytic reactivity. We report the reversible control of coordination structure in atomically dispersed electrocatalysts via ligand exchange reactions to reversibly modulate their reactivity for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The CO-ligated atomically dispersed Rh catalyst exhibited ca. 30-fold higher ORR activity than the NH<sub>x</sub> -ligated catalyst, whereas the latter showed three times higher H<sub>2</sub> O<sub>2</sub> selectivity than the former. Post-treatments of the catalysts with CO or NH<sub>3</sub> allowed the reversible exchange of CO and NH<sub>x</sub> ligands, which reversibly tuned oxidation state of metal centers and their ORR activity and selectivity. DFT calculations revealed that more reduced oxidation state of CO-ligated Rh site could further stabilize the *OOH intermediate, facilitating the two- and four-electron pathway ORR. The reversible ligand exchange reactions were generalized to Ir- and Pt-based catalysts.
The Role of Nutrient-Efficient Crops in Modern Agriculture (1998)

Summary Nutrient-efficient crops have an important role in modern agriculture. In the low-input systems that characterize most of world agriculture, nutrient-efficient crops improve crop productivity. In high-input systems of the developed world, nutrient-efficient crops are valuable in reducing pollution of surface and ground water resources from intense fertilization. Recent developments in molecular biology, root biology, rhizosphere interactions, and modeling present new opportunities for the understanding and improvement of crop nutrient efficiency. The degree and extent of nutritional limitations to crop productivity, and the economic and ecological liabilities of intensive fertilization, are such that eventually nutrient-efficient crops will be an important part of integrated nutrient management of cropping systems.
Cellulose and Vanadium Plasmonic Sensor to Measure Ni2+ Ions (2021)

A novel vanadium–cellulose composite thin film-based on angular interrogation surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor for ppb-level detection of Ni(II) ion was developed. Experimental results show that the sensor has a linear response to the Ni(II) ion concentrations in the range of 2–50 ppb with a determination coefficient (R2) of 0.9910. This SPR sensor can attain a maximum sensitivity (0.068° ppb−1), binding affinity constant (1.819 × 106 M−1), detection accuracy (0.3034 degree−1), and signal-to-noise-ratio (0.0276) for Ni(II) ion detection. The optical properties of thin-film targeting Ni(II) ions in different concentrations were obtained by fitting the SPR reflectance curves using the WinSpall program. All in all, the proposed Au/MPA/V–CNCs–CTA thin-film-based surface plasmon resonance sensor exhibits better sensing performance than the previous film-based sensor and demonstrates a wide and promising technology candidate for environmental monitoring applications in the future.
Targeting Nonsense: Optimization of 1,2,4-Oxadiazole TRIDs to Rescue CFTR Expression and Functionality in Cystic Fibrosis Cell Model Systems (2020)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) patients develop a severe form of the disease when the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene is affected by nonsense mutations. Nonsense mutations are responsible for the presence of a premature termination codon (PTC) in the mRNA, creating a lack of functional protein. In this context, translational readthrough-inducing drugs (TRIDs) represent a promising approach to correct the basic defect caused by PTCs. By using computational optimization and biological screening, we identified three new small molecules showing high readthrough activity. The activity of these compounds has been verified by evaluating CFTR expression and functionality after treatment with the selected molecules in cells expressing nonsense-CFTR-mRNA. Additionally, the channel functionality was measured by the halide sensitive yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) quenching assay. All three of the new TRIDs displayed high readthrough activity and low toxicity and can be considered for further evaluation as a therapeutic approach toward the second major cause of CF.
Enhanced Antitumor Efficacy by a Cascade of Reactive Oxygen Species Generation and Drug Release (2019)

Abstract Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can be used not only as a therapeutic agent for chemodynamic therapy (CDT), but also as a stimulus to activate release of antitumor drugs, achieving enhanced efficacy through the combination of CDT and chemotherapy. Here we report a pH/ROS dual‐responsive nanomedicine consisting of β‐lapachone (Lap), a pH‐responsive polymer, and a ROS‐responsive polyprodrug. In the intracellular acidic environment, the nanomedicine can realize pH‐triggered disassembly. The released Lap can efficiently generate hydrogen peroxide, which will be further converted into highly toxic hydroxyl radicals via the Fenton reaction. Subsequently, through ROS‐induced cleavage of thioketal linker, doxorubicin is released from the polyprodrug. In vivo results indicate that the cascade of ROS generation and antitumor‐drug release can effectively inhibit tumor growth. This design of nanomedicine with cascade reactions offers a promising strategy to enhance antitumor efficacy.