gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polymorphisms of methylene-tetrahydrofolate reductase and risk of lung cancer: a case-control study. (2001)

Previous studies have suggested that low folate intake is associated with increased risk of lung cancer. Methylene-tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is one of the enzymes involved in folate metabolism and is thought to influence DNA methylation and nucleotide synthesis. MTHFR is highly polymorphic, and the variant genotypes result in decreased MTHFR enzyme activity and lower plasma folate level. Therefore, we hypothesized that these variant genotypes may play a role in the etiology of lung cancer. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the association between two common MTHFR polymorphisms (C677T and A1298C) and risk of lung cancer in a non-population-based case-control study of 550 histologically confirmed lung cancer cases and 554 healthy controls. The subjects were non-Hispanic whites, and the controls were frequency-matched to the cases by age (+ or -5 years), sex, and smoking status (ever or never). Folate intake and alcohol consumption were estimated from a self-administered food-frequency questionnaire. The cases consumed significantly less folate (162 microg/day/1000 kcal) than the controls did (172 microg/day/1000 kcal; P = 0.033). However, we found no evidence for an association between the MTHFR C677T and A1298C polymorphisms and risk of lung cancer in either all of the subjects or the low folate intake subgroup; nor did we find evidence for an interaction between these two MTHFR polymorphisms and dietary folate intake or alcohol use. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, the adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for MTHFR C677T were 1.1 (0.8-1.4) for 677CT versus 677CC wild type and 1.1 (0.7-1.7) for 677TT versus 677CC, and for MTHFR A1298C, they were 1.0 (0.8-1.3) for 1298AC versus 1298AA wild type and 1.1 (0.7-1.8) for 1298CC versus 1298AA. These results suggest that the MTHFR C677T and A1298C polymorphisms by themselves do not play an important role in the etiology of lung cancer.
A RESOURCEFUL MULTI COMPONENT CREATION OF NOVEL TRIAZOLOPYRIMIDINES (2012)

Synthesis and natural action of new derivatives of triazolopyrimidines (4a-j) was achieved from diverse acetoacetamides, novel aldehyde and triazole using heating within 40 min. with good yield. The triazolopyrimidines of the products were sustained by FTIR, PMR and mass spectral data.
Specification and evaluation of transparent behavior for SIP back-to-back user agents (2010)

A back-to-back user agent (B2BUA) is a powerful mechanism for realizing complex SIP applications. The ability to create, terminate, and modify SIP dialogs allows the creation of arbitrarily complex services. However, B2BUAs must be designed with care so as not to disrupt service interoperability. A commonly-stated goal is for B2BUAs to be as transparent as possible while achieving its design goals. Though the notion of transparency is intuitively appealing, it is difficult to define. To address this issue, this paper proposes a definition of transparency and presents a formal model of a transparent B2BUA to serve as the specification of transparency. From this specification, we identify issues with both the realizability and desirability of this behavior, and suggest modifications to the original model. We evaluate the behavior of a number of public B2BUA implementations via testing, using some novel techniques to create test cases based on the formal models.
Prescription and clinical impact of chest radiographs in 104 French ICUs: the RadioDay Study (2011)

Prescribing daily routine chest radiographs (CXRs) in ICU patients is a matter for debate. We aimed at describing current strategies of CXR prescriptions and their diagnostic and therapeutic impacts in a large panel of French ICUs.
Preparation and Properties of 99mTc(CO)3+-Labeled N,N-Bis(2-pyridylmethyl)-4-aminobutyric Acid (2004)

Labeling biomolecules with (99m)Tc(CO)(3)(+) ((99m)Tc tricarbonyl) is attracting increasing attention. Although histidine is often considered an ideal bifunctional chelator for (99m)Tc (or (188)Re) tricarbonyl, the family of dipicolylamine carboxylate chelators may be a useful alternative because of the expected ease of synthesis and because the structure provides a pendent carboxylate for potential conjugation to biomolecules. The dipicolylamine chelator N,N-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)-4-aminobutyric acid (BPABA) was synthesized using 4-aminobutyric acid in place of glycine or aminopropionic acid in the literature, to avoid possible involvement of the carboxylate in the complex formation process by forming five- or six-membered chelation rings. Using a commercial tricarbonyl kit (Mallinckrodt), the complex formation properties of both BPABA and commercial histidine with (99m)Tc tricarbonyl were investigated, and the in vitro complex stabilities in saline and in serum were compared. Stability in vivo was also examined following i.v. administration to normal mice. BPABA was synthesized simply and quantitatively by reacting picolyl chloride with aminobutyric acid in one step. On RP HPLC, the product eluted essentially in one peak and the structure was confirmed by ESI-MS. After labeling, both BPABA and histidine were shown by RP HPLC to form tricarbonyl complexes. In both cases, after incubation at 100 degrees C for 20 min, only one predominant peak of (99m)Tc(CO)(3)(+)-histidine or (99m)Tc(CO)(3)(+)-BPABA was apparent, and both complexes were stable at room temperature in saline for at least 24 h. After incubation for 24 h in 37 degrees C serum, by SE HPLC, 20% of the (99m)Tc(CO)(3)(+)-histidine was bound to serum protein compared to less than 10% for (99m)Tc(CO)(3)(+)-BPABA. A 5000 molar excess of histidine at 100 degrees C for 6 h was unable to dissociate (99m)Tc(CO)(3)(+)-BPABA. By contrast, BPABA easily dissociated (99m)Tc(CO)(3)(+)-histidine under the same conditions. Both complexes were stable in vivo in mice, and (99m)Tc(CO)(3)(+)-BPABA showed rapid and specific hepatobiliary clearance while (99m)Tc(CO)(3)(+)-histidine was cleared through the kidneys. In conclusion, BPABA was easily synthesized and was shown to possess properties comparable to histidine for labeling of biomolecules with (99m)Tc tricarbonyl. However, it was found that the chelator concentration required for quantitative (99m)Tc tricarbonyl labeling with both BPABA and histidine were 2 orders higher than that required with more conventional labeling using MAG(3). Finally, the complex (99m)Tc(CO)(3)(+)-BPABA itself was found to clear exclusively via the hepatobiliary pathway and may have value as a potential hepatobiliary imaging agent.
Plasminogen Activators (1983)

Plasminogen is activated by proteases, which are present in a wide variety of tissues and body fluids, yielding a protease, plasmin. Plasmin is involved in a variety of physiologic and pathologic phenomena, including fibrinolysis and fibrinogenolysis, control of blood coagulation, complement activation, kinin generation, inflammation, prohormome hydrolysis, ovulation, tissue remodeling, and malignant transformation in cells. The known plasminogen activators are of one or more of four general classes, sharing common properties with: urokinase, tissue activator, blood activators, or streptokinase.
Ocular symptom detection using smartphones (2016)

It is often said that "the eyes are the windows to the soul". Although this usually metaphorically refers to a person's emotional state, there is literal truth in this statement with reference to a person's biological state. The eyes are dynamic and sensitive organs that are connected to the rest of the body via the circulatory and nervous systems. This means that diseases originating from an organ within the body can indirectly affect the eyes. Although the eyes may not be the origin for many such diseases, they are visible to external observers, making them an accessible point of diagnosis. For instance, broken blood vessels in the sclera could indicate a blood clotting disorder or a vitamin K deficiency. Instead of "windows to the soul", the eyes are "sensors to the body" that can be monitored to screen for certain diseases.
In vivo degradation rate of alginate–chitosan hydrogels influences tissue repair following physeal injury (2020)

The physis is a cartilaginous tissue in children's long bones that is responsible for bone elongation. Physeal injuries can heal with bony repair tissue known as a "bony bar," and this can cause growth deformities. Current treatments involve surgical resection of the bony bar and insertion of inert materials in hopes of preventing bony bar re-formation and preserving bone elongation. However, these materials frequently fail and the bony bar commonly returns. This study investigated alginate-chitosan hydrogels as interpositional materials to block bony bar formation in a rat model of physeal injury. Further, biomaterial properties such as substrate stiffness, permeability, and degradation rate were studied. Different ratio alginate:chitosan hydrogels with or without calcium cross-linking were tested for their inhibition of bony bar formation and restoration of the injured physis. Alginate:chitosan were mixed (a) 90:10 with calcium (90:10 + Ca); (b) 50:50 with calcium (50:50 + Ca); (c) 50:50 without calcium (50:50 - Ca); and (d) 50:50 made with irradiated alginate (IA) and without calcium. We found that repair tissue was determined primarily by the in vivo degradation rate of alginate-chitosan hydrogels. 90:10 + Ca had a slow degradation rate, prevented cellular infiltration, and produced the most bony bar tissue while having softer, more permeable material properties. IA had the fastest degradation, showed high cellular infiltration, and produced the most cartilage-like tissue while having stiffer, less permeable material properties. Our results suggest that the in vivo biomaterial degradation rate is a dynamic property that can be optimized to influence cell fate and tissue repair in physeal injuries.
Embedded passives integrated circuits for power converters (2003)

In power conversion the passive components (capacitors, transformers and inductors) determine the size. By their integration significant improvement are possible. We have developed the new emPIC (embedded passives integrated circuit) concept for a high integration of power converters. All passive components will be integrated in the PCB (printed circuit board) by using structured layers of different material. It is being realised in a German consortium consisting of Philips Research, Isola (PCB material supplier), Straschu, Ruwel (PCB manufacturers) and university support. As a first step to the complete emPIC circuit, a demonstrator with PCB integrated capacitive layers was designed and fabricated by the consortium. This publication gives an overview of the vailable technologies and shows the results of the first demonstrator.
Festphasensynthese von 2‐Aminothiazolen unter Verwendung des spurlosen Hydrazid‐Ankers: Rezeptortyrosinkinase‐Inhibitoren mit dualer Selektivität für Tie‐2 und VEGFR‐2 (2002)

In zehn Stufen (!) gelang die Festphasensynthese einer Bibliothek von 2-Aminothiazolen (siehe Schema) in hohen Ausbeuten und Reinheiten mit dem spurlosen Hydrazid-Anker. Einige der Verbindungen konnten als Rezeptortyrosinkinase-Inhibitoren mit dualer Selektivität gegen VEGFR-2 und Tie-2 identifiziert werden.
An analytical model for multi-group slotted ALOHA with capture (2002)

The performance of multi-group slotted ALOHA with capture improves dramatically over single-group slotted ALOHA. An analytical model is proposed to evaluate the throughput, delay, and stability of a multi-group slotted ALOHA system with capture. The model approximates a K-group system as K interactive slotted ALOHA systems with independent Bernoulli jamming sources. An iterative procedure is used to find the parameters of the Bernoulli jamming sources. The fairness among groups is improved by assigning different retransmission probabilities to different groups. More balanced throughput and delay can be achieved. In the case that the total input traffic exceeds the system capacity, it might not necessarily lead to the total collapse of the whole system. High-power groups may have acceptable throughput due to the capture effect. The model can be used to evaluate a mobile slotted ALOHA network where the near-far effect approximately divides users into groups with multi-level power.
Probabilistic Models for Scalable Knowledge Graph Construction (2016)

In the past decade, systems that extract information from millions of Internet documents have become commonplace. Knowledge graphs -- structured knowledge bases that describe entities, their attributes and the relationships between them -- are a powerful tool for understanding and organizing this vast amount of information. However, a significant obstacle to knowledge graph construction is the unreliability of the extracted information, due to noise and ambiguity in the underlying data or errors made by the extraction system and the complexity of reasoning about the dependencies between these noisy extractions. My dissertation addresses these challenges by exploiting the interdependencies between facts to improve the quality of the knowledge graph in a scalable framework. I introduce a new approach called knowledge graph identification (KGI), which resolves the entities, attributes and relationships in the knowledge graph by incorporating uncertain extractions from multiple sources, entity co-references, and ontological constraints. I define a probability distribution over possible knowledge graphs and infer the most probable knowledge graph using a combination of probabilistic and logical reasoning. Such probabilistic models are frequently dismissed due to scalability concerns, but my implementation of KGI maintains tractable performance on large problems through the use of hinge-loss Markov random fields, which have a convex inference objective. This allows the inference of large knowledge graphs using 4M facts and 20M ground constraints in 2 hours. To further scale the solution, I develop a distributed approach to the KGI problem which runs in parallel across multiple machines, reducing inference time by 90%. Finally, I extend my model to the streaming setting, where a knowledge graph is continuously updated by incorporating newly extracted facts. I devise a general approach for approximately updating inference in convex probabilistic models, and quantify the approximation error by defining and bounding inference regret for online models. Together, my work retains the attractive features of probabilistic models while providing the scalability necessary for large-scale knowledge graph construction. These models have been applied on a number of real-world knowledge graph projects, including the NELL project at Carnegie Mellon and the Google Knowledge Graph.
Controlling emulsification for organic solvent-based tissue clearing (2019)

Abstract Organic solvent-based tissue clearing techniques are hampered by the quenching of fluorescent proteins, partially due to routine complete dehydration. Unexpectedly, we discovered that complete dehydration is unnecessary for organic solvents to clear tissues and that the hidden purpose has been to prevent emulsification. After controlling emulsification of organic solvent-cleared but incompletely dehydrated mouse brain, we achieved sufficient tissue transparency that allowed light-sheet imaging while well-preserving the fluorescence of fluorescent proteins.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOCHEMICAL ADDITIONS OF ALKENES TO PHTHALIMIDES TO FORM BENZAZEPINEDIONES. ADDITIONS OF DIENES, ALKENES, VINYL ETHERS, VINYL ESTERS, AND AN ALLENE (1982)

Abstract N‐Methylphthalimid (I) reagiert bei der Bestrahlung in Gegenwart von Butadien (II) zu den beiden stereoisomeren Addukten (III), die zu (IV) hydriert werden und deren Struktur u.a. durch photolytische Desalkylierung zu (V) bewiesen wird.
No effect of the psychosocial experience of feeling overweight on snack food consumption in women: a pre-registered replication study (2019)

Perceiving oneself to be overweight is associated with overeating in cross-sectional research. A small number of experimental studies have manipulated the feeling of being overweight by asking participants to wear an obesity body suit and found this led to increased food consumption. However, the underlying psychological mechanisms explaining the effect of feeling overweight on food consumption have not been identified. The present pre-registered study aimed to replicate the effect of wearing an obese body suit on snack food consumption and examine the role that emotional eating and/or delay discounting have in explaining the effect. One hundred and twenty female participants were randomly allocated to wear an obese body suit or control clothing, before completing a bogus taste test to measure snack food consumption. Wearing the obese body suit did not result in greater snack food consumption compared to control clothing, and this relationship was not moderated by emotional eating or mediated by delay discounting. Analyses suggested that an unexpectedly large proportion of participants in both the obesity body suit and control condition reported a fear of negative evaluation by others during the study. Exploratory analysis indicated that participants who reported fear of negative appearance evaluation tended to eat more during the taste test than those who did not (25% increase, d = 0.33, p = .08) and these findings may explain the replication failure of this study. Future research replicating the effect of wearing an obese body suit on food consumption is required and may benefit from considering fear of negative appearance evaluation.
Extended interval dosing of natalizumab: a two-center, 7-year experience (2014)

Natalizumab is effective in controlling MS as very few clinical relapses were observed in our dataset. We found that EID did not compromise the treatment effect as measured by relapse rate and no significant breakthrough disease activity was observed. EID is an optional regimen for maintenance natalizumab therapy, but prospective studies are warranted to determine its efficacy.
SU(n) symmetry and ideal mixing of mesons (1976)

We study mass formulae for 1/2+ baryons and mesons in SU(n) symmetry and show how the ideal mixing of mesons fits into this scheme.
Temporal regularity of intrinsic cerebral activity in patients with chronic primary insomnia: a brain entropy study using resting‐state fMRI (2016)

Together, these findings suggest that abnormal BEN-related intrinsic functional plasticity in CPI patients corresponds to poor sleep quality during chronic insomnia. Alterations in both BEN and its affected connectivity may improve our understanding of treatment-naïve CPI patients and promote the future development of new therapeutic strategies.
Stent placement for arterial and venous cerebrovascular disease: preliminary experience. (1994)

This preliminary experience suggests there may be a role for stents in the management of arterial and venous cerebrovascular disease, including carotid artery dissection and venous occlusive disease.
Anterior capsule phimosis and capsular block syndrome in a patient with Steinert myotonic dystrophy: a case report (2009)

A 55-year-old man with myotonic dystrophy underwent phacoemulsification with IOL implantation in the right eye.3 months after surgery, the patient showed a decreased visual acuity and an intraocular pressure (IOP) of 30 mmHg. Slit lamp examination showed a dense fibrosis of the anterior capsule with capsulorexis' shrinkage. Gonioscopy showed a closed angle. After a YAG laser iridotomy no decrease in the IOP was detected; following surgical peeling of the anterior capsule, the slit lamp showed a distended capsular bag. A YAG laser posterior capsulotomy was performed, without decrease in the IOP. Myotonic patients need to be closely followed up after cataract surgery, because in case of CBS development a prompt posterior capsulotomy could avoid more severe complications.
Applications of high-potential quinones. Part V. Ring B oxidation in the podocarpic acid series (1971)

Phenols of the podocarpic acid series undergo exclusive oxidation in ring B at room temperature with 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyanobenzoquinone in alcoholic solvents. Two equivalents of the quinone yield mainly the corresponding 7-ketones by attack at the benzylic methylene groups, while the use of three equivalents provides a convenient one-step synthesis of the 5,6-dehydro-7-ketones. Dehydrogenation in non-oxygenating solvents did not consistently give the corresponding styrenes, although these were obtained, in some cases, via reduction of the 7-ketones.
Large Scale Cloud-Based Deformable Registration for Image Guided Therapy (2016)

We present a feasibility study using cloud resources for computing the deformable registration or non-rigid registration (NRR) of brain MR images for Image Guided Neurosurgery (IGNS). We consider the use of cloud resources in two scenarios. First, we describe a workflow implementation to enable speculative computation of registration to improve confidence in the result and assist in retrospective evaluation of the method. We evaluate the use of computing and storage capabilities of the cloud to handle more than 6 TB of images. Second, we evaluate the feasibility of large scale running NRR on the cloud to provide timely execution of the most time-consuming components of the registration in short duration of a brain surgery. Our preliminary results indicate that the cloud provides practical and cost-effective means to support IGNS. In addition, cloud resources could be used to improve the accuracy of NRR up to 57%.
PowerTrust: A Robust and Scalable Reputation System for Trusted Peer-to-Peer Computing (2007)

Peer-to-Peer (P2P) reputation systems are essential to evaluate the trustworthiness of participating peers and to combat the selfish, dishonest, and malicious peer behaviors. The system collects locally-generated peer feedbacks and aggregates them to yield the global reputation scores. Surprisingly, most previous work ignored the distribution of peer feedbacks. We use a trust overlay network (TON) to model the trust relationships among peers. After examining the eBay transaction trace of over 10,000 users, we discover a power-law distribution in user feedbacks. Our mathematical analysis justifies that power-law distribution is applicable to any dynamically growing P2P systems, either structured or unstructured. We develop a robust and scalable P2P reputation system, PowerTrust, to leverage the power-law feedback characteristics. The PowerTrust system dynamically selects small number of power nodes that are most reputable using a distributed ranking mechanism. By using a look-ahead random walk strategy and leveraging the power nodes, PowerTrust significantly improves in global reputation accuracy and aggregation speed. PowerTrust is adaptable to dynamics in peer joining and leaving and robust to disturbance by malicious peers. Through P2P network simulation experiments, we find significant performance gains in using PowerTrust. This power-law guided reputation system design proves to achieve high query success rate in P2P file-sharing applications. The system also reduces the total job makespan and failure rate in large-scale, parameter-sweeping P2P Grid applications.