gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN FERROELECTRIC POLYMERS (1991)

Abstract For decades, organic polymers were important only as insulators in the electornic industries. Research on electroactive properties was confined mainly to inorganic materials such as barium titanate, lead zirconate titanate, quartz, silicon, cadmium sulfide, and gallium arsenide. In the 198s, organic polymers emerged as a new class of electronic materials and challenged earlier technologies based on inorganic materials. The superiority of organic polymeric materials lies in their versatility and in the possibility of tailoring materials for a particualr end-use. Organic polymers offer several advantages over inorganic materials: They are lighweight, flexible, and tough. They can be obtained in the form of ultrathin films, fiber, and even liquid crystals. They can be easily transformed into the desired configuartion. Their physical properties can be controlled over a wide range by appropriate chemical modifications. Some of them are biocompatible and hence can be utilized in biological processes.
Video transport over wireless networks (2004)

In this paper, we propose an efficient scheme to transport video over wireless networks, specifically cdma2000® 1x. Speech transmission over cdma2000® uses a variable rate voice coder (vocoder) over a channel with multiple fixed rates. We apply these ideas to compressed video transmission over wireless IP networks. Explicit Bit Rate (EBR) video compression is designed to match the video encoder output to a set of fixed channel rates. We show that in comparison with VBR video transmission over a fixed rate wireless channel, EBR video transmission provides improved error resilience, reduced latency and improved efficiency.
Using Optimal Transport as Alignment Objective for fine-tuning\n Multilingual Contextualized Embeddings (2021)

Recent studies have proposed different methods to improve multilingual word\nrepresentations in contextualized settings including techniques that align\nbetween source and target embedding spaces. For contextualized embeddings,\nalignment becomes more complex as we additionally take context into\nconsideration. In this work, we propose using Optimal Transport (OT) as an\nalignment objective during fine-tuning to further improve multilingual\ncontextualized representations for downstream cross-lingual transfer. This\napproach does not require word-alignment pairs prior to fine-tuning that may\nlead to sub-optimal matching and instead learns the word alignments within\ncontext in an unsupervised manner. It also allows different types of mappings\ndue to soft matching between source and target sentences. We benchmark our\nproposed method on two tasks (XNLI and XQuAD) and achieve improvements over\nbaselines as well as competitive results compared to similar recent works.\n
Transcription factors c-Myc and CDX2 mediate E-selectin ligand expression in colon cancer cells undergoing EGF/bFGF-induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition (2012)

Sialyl Lewis x (sLe(x)) and sialyl Lewis a (sLe(a)) glycans are expressed on highly metastatic colon cancer cells. They promote extravasation of cancer cells and tumor angiogenesis via interacting with E-selectin on endothelial cells. Recently, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been noted as a critical phenotypic alteration in metastatic cancer cells. To address the association between sLe(x/a) expression and EMT, we assessed whether sLe(x/a) are highly expressed on colon cancer cells undergoing EMT. Treatment of HT29 and DLD-1 cells with EGF and/or basic FGF (bFGF) induced EMT and significantly increased sLe(x/a) expression resulting in enhanced E-selectin binding activity. The transcript levels of the glycosyltransferase genes ST3GAL1/3/4 and FUT3 were significantly elevated and that of FUT2 was significantly suppressed by the treatment. We provide evidence that ST3GAL1/3/4 and FUT3 are transcriptionally up-regulated by c-Myc with probable involvement of Ser62 phosphorylation, and that FUT2 is transcriptionally down-regulated through the attenuation of CDX2. The contribution of c-Myc and CDX2 to the sLe(x/a) induction was proved to be significant by knockdown or forced expression experiments. Interestingly, the cells undergoing EMT exhibited significantly increased VEGF secretion, which can promote tumor angiogenesis in cooperation with sLe(x/a). Finally, immunohistological study indicated high E-selectin ligand expression on cancer cells undergoing EMT in vivo, supporting their coexistence observed in vitro. These results suggest a significant link between sLe(x/a) expression and EMT in colon cancer cells and a pivotal role of c-Myc and CDX2 in regulating sLe(x/a) expression during EMT.
Adaptation of intestinal glucose transport in rats with diabetes mellitus occurs independent of hyperphagia (1991)

Chronic diabetes enhances intestinal absorption of glucose and induces hyperphagia. We examined the enhanced intestinal absorption of glucose in ad libitum-fed rats with streptozocin-induced diabetes mellitus and compared these results with those obtained from pair-fed diabetic animals. Maximal transport capacity (Vmax) and carrier affinity (K0.5) were determined by measuring jejunal and ileal short circuit current (Isc) responses to varying concentrations of 3-O-methyl-D-glucopyranose and D-glucose. Pair-fed diabetic animals maintained the same body weight as animals fed ad libitum, although ad libitum-fed diabetic rats had an increased oral chow intake. Age-matched control rats maintained a constant jejunal and ileal Vmax and K0.5 throughout the study. Diabetic rats fed ad libitum demonstrated an enhanced Vmax and K0.5 in both jejunum and ileum. Pair feeding diabetic animals further enhanced jejunal Vmax while lowering jejunal K0.5 levels. In contrast, pair feeding diabetic animals delayed and blunted changes in ileal Vmax and prevented changes in ileal K0.5. In conclusion, signals other than those of hyperphagia regulate kinetic changes in glucose absorption during diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, these changes have differing effects on jejunum and ileum.
Surface Tension of Alcohol Water + Water from 20 to 50 .degree.C (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSurface Tension of Alcohol Water + Water from 20 to 50 .degree.CGonzalo Vazquez, Estrella Alvarez, and Jose M. NavazaCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1995, 40, 3, 611–614Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/je00019a016https://doi.org/10.1021/je00019a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views22911Altmetric-Citations950LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Tunable-Focus Cylindrical Liquid Crystal Lenses (2005)

Tunable-focus cylindrical liquid crystal lenses of four different electrode configurations are analyzed. Simulation results show that the proposed devices can have different focal lengths even if they have the same aperture size. A good agreement between experiment and simulation results is obtained. The imaging property of one of the cylindrical liquid crystal lenses is also demonstrated.
Synthetic Cationic Autoantigen Mimics Glatiramer Acetate Persistence at the Site of Injection and Is Efficacious Against Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (2021)

A synthetic peptide, K-PLP, consisting of 11-unit poly-lysine (K11) linked <i>via</i> polyethylene glycol (PEG) to proteolipid protein epitope (PLP) was synthesized, characterized, and evaluated for efficacy in ameliorating experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) induced by PLP. K-PLP was designed to mimic the cationic nature of the relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis treatment, glatiramer acetate (GA). With a pI of ~10, GA is able to form visible aggregates at the site of injection <i>via</i> electrostatic interactions with the anionic extracellular matrix. Aggregation further facilitates the retention of GA at the site of injection and draining lymph nodes, which may contribute to its mechanism of action. K-PLP with a pI of ~11, was found to form visible aggregates in the presence of glycosaminoglycans and persist at the injection site and draining lymph nodes <i>in vivo</i>, similar to GA. Additionally, EAE mice treated with K-PLP showed significant inhibition of clinical symptoms compared to free poly-lysine and to PLP, which are the components of K-PLP. The ability of the poly-lysine motif to retain PLP at the injection site, which increased the local exposure of PLP to immune cells may be an important factor affecting drug efficacy.
Characterization of siamycin I, a human immunodeficiency virus fusion inhibitor (1996)

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) fusion inhibitor siamycin I, a 21-residue tricyclic peptide, was identified from a Streptomyces culture by using a cell fusion assay involving cocultivation of HeLa-CD4+ cells and monkey kidney (BSC-1) cells expressing the HIV envelope gp160. Siamycin I is effective against acute HIV type 1 (HIV-1) and HIV-2 infections, with 50% effective doses ranging from 0.05 to 5.7 microM, and the concentration resulting in a 50% decrease in cell viability in the absence of viral infection is 150 microM in CEM-SS cells. Siamycin I inhibits fusion between C8166 cells and CEM-SS cells chronically infected with HIV (50% effective dose of 0.08 microM) but has no effect on Sendai virus-induced fusion or murine myoblast fusion. Siamycin I does not inhibit gp120 binding to CD4 in either gp120- or CD4-based capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Inhibition of HIV-induced fusion by this compound is reversible, suggesting that siamycin I binds noncovalently. An HIV-1 resistant variant was selected by in vitro passage of virus in the presence of increasing concentrations of siamycin I. Drug susceptibility studies on a chimeric virus containing the envelope gene from the siamycin I-resistant variant indicate that resistance maps to the gp160 gene. Envelope-deficient HIV complemented with gp160 from siamycin I-resistant HIV also displayed a resistant phenotype upon infection of HeLa-CD4-LTR-beta-gal cells. A comparison of the DNA sequences of the envelope genes from the resistant and parent viruses revealed a total of six amino acid changes. Together these results indicate that siamycin I interacts with the HIV envelope protein.
On the Use of Quadrilateral Meshes for Enhanced Analysis of Waveguide Devices with Manhattan-Type Geometry Cross-Sections (2022)

This work addresses the suitability of using structured meshes composed of quadrilateral finite elements, instead of the classical unstructured meshes made of triangular elements. These meshes are used in the modal analysis of waveguides with Manhattan-like cross-sections. For this problem, solved with the two-dimensional Finite Element Method, there are two main quality metrics: eigenvalue and eigenvector accuracy. The eigenvalue accuracy is first considered, showing how the proposed structured meshes are, given comparable densities, better, especially when dealing with waveguides presenting pairs of modes with the same cutoff frequency. The second metric is measured through a practical problem, which commonly appears in microwave engineering: discontinuity analysis. In this problem, for which the Mode-Matching technique is used, eigenvectors are needed to compute the coupling between the modes in the discontinuities, directly influencing the quality of the transmission and reflection parameters. In this case, it is found that the proposed analysis performs better given low-density meshes and mode counts, thus proving that quadrilateral-element structured meshes are more resilient than their triangular counterparts to higher-order eigenvectors.
Applying a redundancy scheme to address post-assembly yield loss in 3D FPGAs (2014)

Advancement in 3D integration by die and wafer level stacking has enabled a wide variety of applications. There is an increasing demand for higher capacity and functionality in Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) to improve performance, overall power consumption and form factor. FPGA capacity can be dramatically increased by stacking multiple smaller FPGA die on a passive interposer. The required interconnect between dies is achieved with densely packed inter-die drivers and minimum size μ-bumps. Aggressive sizing of interconnect structures poses a challenge to control post-assembly yield loss due to μ-bump or interposer defects. This paper proposes a redundancy scheme and repair technology to address this issue, significantly reducing 3D FPGA post-assembly yield loss.
A Local ROI-specific Atlas-based Segmentation of Prostate Gland and Transitional Zone in Diffusion MRI (2016)

Segmentation of prostate and related anatomic structure, such as transitional zone, in medical images facilitates prostate cancer detection, as well as a number of other clinical practices. In this paper, we propose a semi-automatic local ROI-specific atlas-based segmentation (LABS) method to segment prostate gland and transitional zone in diffusion magnetic resonance images. Inspired by a sequential registration-based segmentation method, the proposed method further reduces the amount of user intervention and focuses on the vicinity of prostate for atlas matching and atlas-to-target registration by specifying the bounding boxes of prostate gland on key slices of volume images. We evaluated the method on an atlas database with the 100 cases by performing a leave-one-out study. Our proposed method produced favorable outcomes with an average Dice similarity coefficient of 0.85Â±0.03 for prostate gland and 0.77Â±0.06 for transitional zone segmentations, which indicates the effectiveness of the proposed method and its potential to be used in relevant clinical applications.
Near Wall Interaction in Spray Impingement (1996)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The hydrodynamic details of droplet-droplet and droplet-liquid film interactions on solid surfaces are believed to have a significant role in spray impingement phenomena, yet details of this interaction have not been clearly identified. The interaction among the droplets during impact affects their residence time on the surface, spreading, and droplet and liquid film stability. After impact, droplet interactions affect droplet collisions, coalescence and liquid splashing, This interaction affects secondary atomization and the droplet dispersion characteristics of the impingement process. In this study, details of droplet-droplet and droplet-liquid film interactions in solid surface impingement have been visualized using high speed photography. The effects of these interactions on secondary atomization and droplet dispersion have been quantified.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Parcels of accurately spaced droplets were impinged on a heated surface and the parcels were characterized by time and length scales and by their void fraction. The impingement surface temperature was varied to examine different heat transfer regimes, from saturation through nucleate boiling to film boiling. Single droplets and multiple droplet impingements were used to show the difference in the characteristics of an isolated droplet impingement compared to the simultaneous impingement of more than one droplet. This arrangement was meant to provide some information to bridge the gap between isolated droplet behavior and full sprays.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This study concludes that for the liquid films formed in the saturation regime, liquid film breakup depends on the impinging droplet(s) energy content, the level of the liquid film surface disturbance and on the liquid film thickness. In the transition and film boiling regimes three major variables affect the interaction process: parcel configuration (droplet number and spacing), Weber number and surface superheat. In these boiling regimes multiple droplet impingement generally increases the number of ejected droplets, but also enhances coalescence due to the increased secondary atomized droplet density. Film boiling conditions produce a reduced normal rebound velocity. Due to vapor bubble formation and blow-off in the transition boiling regime, the droplet normal rebound velocity for transition boiling is an order of magnitude higher than that in the film boiling regime.&lt;/div&gt;
1412: Assessment of a Cleaved Product of E-Cadherin as a Serum Biomarker with Predictive Value for Prostate Cancer (2005)

You have accessJournal of UrologyPodium, Tuesday, May 24, 2005, 3:30 - 5:30 pm1 Apr 20051412: Assessment of a Cleaved Product of E-Cadherin as a Serum Biomarker with Predictive Value for Prostate Cancer Rainer Kuefer, Matthias D. Hofer, Christoph Zorn, Bjoern G. Volkmer, Juergen E. Gschwend, Richard E. Hautmann, Mark A. Rubin, and Mark Day Rainer KueferRainer Kuefer More articles by this author , Matthias D. HoferMatthias D. Hofer More articles by this author , Christoph ZornChristoph Zorn More articles by this author , Bjoern G. VolkmerBjoern G. Volkmer More articles by this author , Juergen E. GschwendJuergen E. Gschwend More articles by this author , Richard E. HautmannRichard E. Hautmann More articles by this author , Mark A. RubinMark A. Rubin More articles by this author , and Mark DayMark Day More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)35546-0AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "1412: Assessment of a Cleaved Product of E-Cadherin as a Serum Biomarker with Predictive Value for Prostate Cancer." The Journal of Urology, 173(4S), p. 383 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 173Issue 4SApril 2005Page: 383 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Rainer Kuefer More articles by this author Matthias D. Hofer More articles by this author Christoph Zorn More articles by this author Bjoern G. Volkmer More articles by this author Juergen E. Gschwend More articles by this author Richard E. Hautmann More articles by this author Mark A. Rubin More articles by this author Mark Day More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
Loss of β-Cytoplasmic Actin in the Intestinal Epithelium Increases Gut Barrier Permeability in vivo and Exaggerates the Severity of Experimental Colitis (2020)

Intestinal epithelial barrier is critical for the maintenance of normal gut homeostasis and disruption of this barrier may trigger or exaggerate mucosal inflammation. The actin cytoskeleton is a key regulator of barrier structure and function, controlling the assembly and permeability of epithelial adherens and tight junctions. Epithelial cells express two actin isoforms: a β-cytoplasmic actin and γ-cytoplasmic actin. Our previous <i>in vitro</i> studies demonstrated that these actin isoforms play distinctive roles in establishing the intestinal epithelial barrier, by controlling the organization of different junctional complexes. It remains unknown, whether β-actin and γ-actin have unique or redundant functions in regulating the gut barrier <i>in vivo</i>. To address this question, we selectively knocked out β-actin expression in mouse intestinal epithelium. Mice with intestinal epithelial knockout of β-actin do not display gastrointestinal abnormalities or gross alterations of colonic mucosal architecture. This could be due to compensatory upregulation of γ-actin expression. Despite such compensation, β-actin knockout mice demonstrate increased intestinal permeability. Furthermore, these animals show more severe clinical symptoms during dextran sodium sulfate induced colitis, compared to control littermates. Such exaggerated colitis is associated with the higher expression of inflammatory cytokines, increased macrophage infiltration in the gut, and accelerated mucosal cell death. Consistently, intestinal organoids generated from β-actin knockout mice are more sensitive to tumor necrosis factor induced cell death, <i>ex vivo</i>. Overall, our data suggests that β-actin functions as an essential regulator of gut barrier integrity <i>in vivo</i>, and plays a tissue protective role during mucosal injury and inflammation.
Polymerization of vinyl ethers with transition‐metal catalysts: An examination of the stereoregularity of the formed polymers (2002)

Abstract The polymerization of isobutyl vinyl ether (IBVE) and tert ‐butyl vinyl ether (TBVE) was carried out with metallocene and nonmetallocene catalysts, and the stereoregularity of the formed polymers was examined with 13 C NMR spectroscopy. IBVE afforded polymers with 63–68% dyad isotacticity by polymerization with mixtures of metallocene catalysts and methyl aluminoxane as a cocatalyst in toluene as a solvent. However, TBVE yielded polymers with 47–52% dyad isotacticity (21–28% triad isotacticity) under the same conditions, the isotacticity being lower than that of poly(isobutyl vinyl ether) (PIBVE). Nonmetallocene catalysts, including Ti, Zr, and Hf complexes with two phenoxy imine chelate ligands, provided PIBVE and poly( tert ‐butyl vinyl ether) with 63–68 and 45–51% dyad isotacticity, respectively. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 3938–3943, 2002
Novel β-Barrel Fold in the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Structure of the Replicase Nonstructural Protein 1 from the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (2007)

The nonstructural protein 1 (nsp1) of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus has 179 residues and is the N-terminal cleavage product of the viral replicase polyprotein that mediates RNA replication and processing. The specific function of nsp1 is not known. Here we report the nuclear magnetic resonance structure of the nsp1 segment from residue 13 to 128, which represents a novel alpha/beta-fold formed by a mixed parallel/antiparallel six-stranded beta-barrel, an alpha-helix covering one opening of the barrel, and a 3(10)-helix alongside the barrel. We further characterized the full-length 179-residue protein and show that the polypeptide segments of residues 1 to 12 and 129 to 179 are flexibly disordered. The structure is analyzed in a search for possible correlations with the recently reported activity of nsp1 in the degradation of mRNA.