gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plasmon Enhanced Solar-to-Fuel Energy Conversion (2011)

Future generations of photoelectrodes for solar fuel generation must employ inexpensive, earth-abundant absorber materials in order to provide a large-scale source of clean energy. These materials tend to have poor electrical transport properties and exhibit carrier diffusion lengths which are significantly shorter than the absorption depth of light. As a result, many photoexcited carriers are generated too far from a reactive surface and recombine instead of participating in solar-to-fuel conversion. We demonstrate that plasmonic resonances in metallic nanostructures and multilayer interference effects can be engineered to strongly concentrate sunlight close to the electrode/liquid interface, precisely where the relevant reactions take place. On comparison of spectral features in the enhanced photocurrent spectra to full-field electromagnetic simulations, the contribution of surface plasmon excitations is verified. These results open the door to the optimization of a wide variety of photochemical processes by leveraging the rapid advances in the field of plasmonics.
Frequent, multiwell, stand-alone 3D-DAS VSP for low-cost reservoir monitoring in deepwater (2018)

4D DAS VSP is an important emerging tool for reservoir monitoring, especially in deepwater. It enables frequent, low-cost seismic repeats, needed for proactive management of complex fields. To be adopted widely in industry, this technology needs clear field demonstrations of its value and field trials to explore and push its technical boundaries. We met these needs through multiple surveys in one field in the Gulf of Mexico. We show that our vision of using DAS VSP to fill gaps in time between OBN surveys is feasible and robust against variances in shot geometry and source size. These successfully-completed field trials accelerate technology maturation and lay the foundation for future frequent monitoring around specific wells. Presentation Date: Wednesday, October 17, 2018 Start Time: 1:50:00 PM Location: 212A (Anaheim Convention Center) Presentation Type: Oral
The effects of the use of single task-oriented maintenance concept and more accurate letter check alternatives on the reduction of scheduled maintenance downtime of aircraft (2017)

This paper provides a connection between an industrial problem of the maximization of aircraft utilization and maintenance cost savings. A more flexible structure is proposed to perform the maintenance not only during scheduled periodic checks but also whenever the aircraft is on the ground for any reason. The proposed method is the use of the single task-oriented maintenance concept. The results obtained from a case study performed in an airline company by using classical maintenance approach - rigid letter check system and the single task-oriented maintenance concept are compared to emphasize the benefits of the proposed concept. To help to reduce scheduled maintenance downtime of aircraft, a software has been developed to support the single-task oriented maintenance concept by calculating more accurate and appropriate letter check alternatives for the related maintenance task.
Applications of magnetic resonance imaging in food science (1996)

The physical and chemical changes that occur in foods during growth, harvest, processing, storage, preparation, and consumption are often very difficult to measure and quantify. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a pioneering technology, originally developed in the medical field, that is now being used in a large number of disciplines to study a wide variety of materials and processes. In food science, MRI techniques allow the interior of foods to be imaged noninvasively and nondestructively. These images can then be quantified to yield information about several processes and material properties, such as mass and heat transfer, fat and ice crystallization, gelation, water mobidity, composition and volume changes, food stability and maturation, flow behavior, and temperature. This article introduces the fundamental principles of MRI, presents some of the recent advances in MRI technology, and reviews some of the current applications of MRI in food science research.
NMDA antagonist blockade of AT8 tau immunoreactive changes in neuronal cultures (1996)

Antagonists at four distinct regulatory sites on the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor were tested for their ability to attenuate NMDA-mediated chronic excitotoxicity and the consequences on AT8 tau immunoreactivity in neuronal cultures. Excitotoxicity was monitored in cultures by diacetate fluorescein staining. Immunoreactivity of tau phosphorylated at serine 202 was quantified by laser confocal microscopy. The NMDA-receptor antagonists MK801, AP7 and 7-chlorokynurenate significantly blocked NMDA-induced cell death and significantly reduced AT8 tau immunoreactivity. NMDA antagonism by the polyamine site antagonist, ifenprodil, did not completely reverse the increase in AT8 tau immunolabeling induced by NMDA and did not completely protect NMDA-sensitive neurons, suggesting an heterogeneity in the NMDA receptor population.
<title>Dynamic estimation of left-ventricular ejection fraction</title> (1993)

We investigate a method to obtain a dynamic estimate of left ventricular ejection fraction from a gated set of planar myocardial perfusion images. Ejection fraction is defined as the ratio of the fully contracted left-ventricular volume to the fully expended left-ventricular volume and is known as an effective gauge of cardiac function. This method is proposed as a safer and more cost-effective alternative to currently used radionuclide ventriculographic based techniques. To formulate this estimate of ejection fraction, we employ geometric reconstruction and recursive estimation techniques. The left ventricle is modelled as a dynamically evolving three- dimensional ellipsoid. The left-ventricular outline observed in the myocardial perfusion images are then modelled as two-dimensional ellipsoids, obtained as projections of the former three- dimensional ellipsoid. The ellipsoid that approximates the left ventricle is reconstructed using Rauch-Tung Striebel smoothing which combines the observed temporal set of projection images with an evolution model to produce the best estimate of the ellipsoid at any point in time given all the data. This investigation includes estimation of ejection fraction from both simulated and real data.
TiO2/graphene-based nanocomposites for perovskites solar cells: synthesis and properties (2018)

Since 2012, hybrid solar cells based on perovskite materials demonstrated several significant advances, with power conversion efficiencies now over 22%, attracting strong interest within the scientific community [1][2]. Still, efforts remain to be performed to improve photo-current extraction, especially concerning the development of efficient and reliable charge transporting electrodes and selective contacts. Titanium dioxide mesoporous layer, while remaining an important component for perovskite structuration and electron transport 
in high efficiency devices, can however still promote charge trapping and recombination. To reduce these phenomena and improve electron collection, our strategy consists in using the excellent conductivity properties of graphene materials through its incorporation within the TiO2 
electrode. Here, we combine specific know-hows on both perovskite solar cells processing and production of nanoscaled materials by laser pyrolysis. Our aim is to develop high quality TiO2 /graphene nanocomposites with wellcontrolled physical properties for an optimal energy conversion. We pay particular attention to material characterizations such as morphological and structural analysis as well as physical properties evaluation of the nanocomposites and their role and effects within solar cells. Our first results show a better electron injection efficiency with graphene, observed through steady-state photoluminescence spectroscopy. This tendency has been reinforced by devices performance that show larger photocurrents and smaller series resistance under standard illumination. More generally an increase in power conversion efficiency from 14.1 % to 15.1 % is reached for perovskite solar cells containing graphene in the mesoporous layer, demonstrating the benefit of the laser pyrolysis process for the production of high quality electron transport laye
Emergence of the Primary Pediatric Stroke Center (2014)

http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01591096.
Two approaches of human behaviour anticipation (2002)

This article presents an in-depth look at the different aspects of anticipation and describes two intelligent agents which are able to learn human behaviour, to anticipate next actions and then act accordingly. The first agent is intended to predict and to anticipate, with good accuracy, evolutive (indeed adaptive) observed behaviour of a game player. The second is an adaptive interface agent for a particular Web-based application. It is an active browser, interactively assisting and guiding the user by proposing navigation methods.
A new structure based on cascaded multilevel converter for variable speed wind turbine (2010)

An alternative structure for variable speed wind turbine, using multiple permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSGs) drive-train configuration and cascaded multilevel converter is proposed in this paper. This study presents a power electronic solution for the wind turbine. A transformer-less cascaded multilevel converter interface based on PMSGs is developed to synthesize a desired high ac sinusoidal output voltage. The benefits of high power and high ac voltage make this structure possible to be applied in the wind power generation. In addition, the bulky transformer could be omitted. A simulation model of 10 MW variable speed wind turbine based on PMSGs developed in PSCAD/EMTDC is presented. The dynamic performance of grid-connected wind turbine is analyzed. Simulation results shows that the proposed structure may be attractive in wind power generation.
Surfaces: More than they seem. [Coating technologies extend metals' capabilities] (1994)

Developing surface treatment techniques for metals, ceramics and plastics is becoming big business. As tight budgets hold back new materials development and data and new analytical techniques allow users to predict performance, more companies are either licensing or collaborating on new surface modification techniques or buying surface-engineered products. Most of the developments are now going on in diamond and diamond-like carbon coatings, since diamond offers more hardness, thermal and electrical conductivity and corrosion resistance than other materials. The paper discusses the technical problems involved in working with diamond and other carbon films. The paper also discusses the old-fashioned liquid counting methods which are also being improved.
CYTOKINE RECEPTOR SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND THE CONTROL OF HEMATOPOIETIC CELL DEVELOPMENT (1996)

The cytokine receptor superfamily is characterized by structural motifs in the exoplasmic domain and by the absence of catalytic activity in the cytosolic segment. Activated by ligand-triggered multimerization, these receptors in turn activate a number of cytosolic signal transduction proteins, including protein tyrosine kinases and phosphatases, and affect an array of cellular functions that include proliferation and differentiation. Molecular study of these receptors is revealing the roles they play in the control of normal hematopoiesis and in the development of disease.
Ultralow Dielectric Constant Tetravinyltetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane Films Deposited by Initiated Chemical Vapor Deposition (iCVD) (2010)

Abstract Simultaneous improvement of mechanical properties and lowering of the dielectric constant occur when films grown from the cyclic monomer tetravinyltetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane (V4D4) via initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) are thermally cured in air. Clear signatures from silsesquioxane cage structures in the annealed films appear in the Fourier transform IR (1140 cm −1 ) and Raman (1117 cm −1 ) spectra. The iCVD method consumes an order of magnitude lower power density than the traditional plasma‐enhanced CVD, thus preserving the precursor's delicate ring structure and organic substituents in the as‐deposited films. The high degree of structural retention in the as‐deposited film allows for the beneficial formation of intrinsically porous silsesquioxane cages upon annealing in air. Complete oxidation of the silicon creates ‘Q’ groups, which impart greater hardness and modulus to the films by increasing the average connectivity number of the film matrix beyond the percolation of rigidity. The removal of labile hydrocarbon moieties allows for the oxidation of the as‐deposited film while simultaneously inducing porosity. This combination of events avoids the typical trade‐off between improved mechanical properties and higher dielectric constants. Films annealed at 410 °C have a dielectric constant of 2.15, and a hardness and modulus of 0.78 and 5.4 GPa, respectively. The solvent‐less and low‐energy nature of iCVD make it attractive from an environmental safety and health perspective.
A comparative study of hydrocarbon degradation byMarinobactersp.,Rhodococcussp. andCorynebacteriumsp. isolated from different mat systems (2004)

Abstract This comparative study of the hydrocarbon degrading potential of different species and genera of oil degrading bacteria shows that whilst Marinobacter spp. were frequently isolated hydrocarbon degrading organisms from all the sites sampled they had the lowest mineralization rates. In contrast, Rhodococcus isolate O1-NR-LI and Corynebacterium isolate T2W rapidly degraded hexadecane when present either as sole carbon source or in binary and tertiary hydrocarbon model mixtures. Octadecane was metabolized more rapidly in binary and tertiary hydrocarbon mixtures due to solubilisation in hexadecane which increased bio-availability. Mineralisation of the branch-chained alkane, pristane was always slower in hydrocarbon mixtures than for straight chain saturated hydrocarbons. None of the isolates could degrade benzothiophene and when present in model hydrocarbon mixtures it inhibited mineralization until the concentration decreased below the inhibitory threshold.
Does the use of antibiotics in early childhood increase the risk of asthma and allergic disease? (2000)

Early childhood use of antibiotics is associated with an increased risk of developing asthma and allergic disorders in children who are predisposed to atopic immune responses. These findings support recent immunological understanding of the maturation of the immune system.
Light-scattering study of clathrate hydrate formation in binary mixtures of tert-butyl alcohol and water. 2. Temperature effect (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLight-scattering study of clathrate hydrate formation in binary mixtures of tert-butyl alcohol and water. 2. Temperature effectKenji. Iwasaki and Tsunetake. FujiyamaCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1979, 83, 4, 463–468Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100467a008https://doi.org/10.1021/j100467a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views259Altmetric-Citations109LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Dendritic cell vaccines (2007)

Dendritic cells are antigen-presenting cells that have been shown to stimulate tumor antigen-specific T cell responses in preclinical studies. Consequently, there has been intense interest in developing dendritic cell based cancer vaccines. A variety of methods for generating dendritic cells, loading them with tumor antigens, and administering them to patients have been described. In recent years, a number of early phase clinical trials have been performed and have demonstrated the safety and feasibility of dendritic cell immunotherapies. A number of these trials have generated valuable preliminary data regarding the clinical and immunologic response to DC-based immunotherapy. The emphasis of dendritic cell immunotherapy research is increasingly shifting toward the development of strategies to increase the potency of dendritic cell vaccine preparations.
Rubber to rigid, clamped to undamped: toward composite materials with wide-range controllable stiffness and damping (2004)

Composite materials have increased the range of mechanical properties available to the design engineer compared with the range afforded by single component materials, leading to a revolution in capabilities. Nearly all commonly used engineering materials, including these composite materials, however, have a great limitation; that is, once their mechanical properties are set they cannot be changed. Imagine a material that could, under electric control, change from rubbery to rigid. Such composite "meta-materials" with stiffness and damping properties that can be electrically controlled over a wide range would find widespread application in areas such as morphing structures, tunable and conformable devices for human interaction, and greatly improved vibration control. Such a technology is a breakthrough capability because it fundamentally changes the paradigm of composite materials having a fixed set of mechanical properties. These electronically controllable composites may be the basis of discrete devices with tunable impedance. The composites can also be multifunctional materials: They can minimize size and mass by acting not only as a tunable impedance device, but also as a supporting structure or protective skin. Current approaches to controllable mechanical properties include composites with materials that have intrinsically variable properties such as shape memory alloys or polymers, or magnetorheological fluids, or composites that have active materials such as piezoelectrics, magnetostrictives, and newly emerging electroactive polymers. Each of these materials is suitable for some applications, but no single technology is capable of fast and efficient response that can produce a very wide range of stiffness and damping with a high elongation capability, that is, go from rubber to rigid. Such a material would be capable of a change in its maximum elastic energy of deformation of 50,000 J/cm<sup>3</sup>. No existing material is within three orders of magnitude of this value. Similarly, no material appears capable of going from a very lightly damped to a very heavily damped condition over a wide range of motion. We suggest an approach based on composites whose meso-scale structure can be changed with actuation or change in intrinsic properties. Passive composite meta-materials have been demonstrated, however, such active composite meta-materials have not yet been demonstrated.
Games analysis: how to stop history repeating itself (2006)

It is a sad reflection on life that all our experiences still lead to the same circle of mistakes; this was never truer than in the games industry as a whole. Designers struggle to achieve what is called the Triple-A (AAA) game, the game that will be the new Pac-man and earn them accolades and a fortune before they reach thirty.

One of the main problems is that each new game design follows a design route seemingly ignoring any of the lessons learned from the design of its predecessors. Discussions with a number of design groups at the Games Development Conference in 2004 revealed that understanding exactly what makes a triple-A game is based on a post-mortem review of its success or failure. Whilst this may well appear at first glance to be an analysis of the successes and failures of the offering, it is rather a nodding account of how much money the game made and how popular (how many units sold).

Academic papers on games analysis focus mainly on specific areas such as Narratology, Behavioural Design or workshops on the newest techniques etc. Serious games have now become a popular approach to the use of games in education, training etc, however, there does not seem to be an overall treatise on how to analyse a game in general terms or why one would want to.

The topic of this paper is to attempt to produce a framework where a success or fail criteria can be employed in order to gain stored knowledge of successes and failures in modern games. Two approaches are postulated and sample analysis case studies are presented. It is hoped that the development of these frameworks will lead to a better understanding of what works and what does not in order to shorten the design process and to enable time to be spent more on innovations rather than the basic functions.
Development of a newborn screening tool for mucopolysaccharidosis type I based on bivariate normal limits: Using glycosaminoglycan and alpha‐L‐iduronidase determinations on dried blood spots to predict symptoms (2020)

Bivariate analysis of IDUA with HS in newborn DBS can accurately predict early MPSI symptoms, control false positive rates, and enhance presymptomatic treatment. This bivariate analysis-based approach, which was developed for Krabbe disease, can be extended to additional screened disorders.
Signatures of Interactions in the Andreev Spectrum of Nanowire Josephson Junctions (2022)

We performed microwave spectroscopy of an InAs nanowire between superconducting contacts implementing a finite-length, multichannel Josephson weak link. Certain features in the spectra, such as the splitting by spin-orbit interactions of the transition lines among Andreev states, have been already understood in terms of noninteracting models. However, we identify here additional transitions, which evidence the presence of Coulomb interactions. By combining experimental measurements and model calculations, we reach a qualitative understanding of these very rich Andreev spectra.
Next generation multi-service optical networks (2005)

Current optical transport networks are based on non-transparent SONET/SDH technology. Wavelength multiplexed systems (WDM) modulate optical signals with SONET/SDH digital formats at 2.5 and 10Gb/s rates. Transparent Optical Networks have been actively researched as a way to make optical transport independent from the electronic signals transmitted. In this article, we review recent developments in optical components that facilitate a flexible spectrum usage of DWDM systems. In addition, we discuss emerging optical transport services and how they can be best served by a state-of-the-art transport network.
A Novel Enantioselective Alkylation and Its Application to the Synthesis of an Anticancer Agent (2003)

A novel enantioselective alkylation of double benzylic substrates with secondary electrophiles is reported. A simple norephedrine-based chiral ligand was synthesized that gives alkylation product in 95% yield and 95% ee. A unique water effect on the enantioselectivity was unveiled. Good to excellent ee values were obtained with a number of double benzylic substrates and secondary electrophiles. This novel reaction has been applied to the synthesis of a promising anticancer agent.