gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effectiveness of Nitrate-Mediated Control of the Oil Field Sulfur Cycle Depends on the Toluene Content of the Oil (2017)

The injection of nitrate is one of the most commonly used technologies to impact the sulfur cycle in subsurface oil fields. Nitrate injection enhances the activity of nitrate-reducing bacteria, which produce nitrite inhibiting sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). Subsequent reduction of nitrate to di-nitrogen (N<sub>2</sub>) alleviates the inhibition of SRB by nitrite. It has been shown for the Medicine Hat Glauconitic C (MHGC) field, that alkylbenzenes especially toluene are important electron donors for the reduction of nitrate to nitrite and N<sub>2</sub>. However, the rate and extent of reduction of nitrate to nitrite and of nitrite to nitrogen have not been studied for multiple oil fields. Samples of light oil (PNG, CPM, and Tundra), light/heavy oil (Gryphon and Obigbo), and of heavy oil (MHGC) were collected from locations around the world. The maximum concentration of nitrate in the aqueous phase, which could be reduced in microcosms inoculated with MHGC produced water, increased with the toluene concentration in the oil phase. PNG, Gryphon, CPM, Obigbo, MHGC, and Tundra oils had 77, 17, 5.9, 4.0, 2.6, and 0.8 mM toluene, respectively. In incubations with 49 ml of aqueous phase and 1 ml of oil these were able to reduce 22.2, 12.3, 7.9, 4.6, 4.0, and 1.4 mM of nitrate, respectively. Nitrate reduced increased to 35 ± 4 mM upon amendment of all these oils with 570 mM toluene prior to incubation. Souring control by nitrate injection requires that the nitrate is directed toward oxidation of sulfide, not toluene. Hence, the success of nitrate injections will be inversely proportional to the toluene content of the oil. Oil composition is therefore an important determinant of the success of nitrate injection to control souring in a particular field.
Evaluation of Threshold Values for Root Canal Filling Voids in Micro-CT and Nano-CT Images (2018)

While several materials and techniques have been used to assess the quality of root canal fillings in micro-CT images, the lack of standardization in scanning protocols has produced conflicting results. Hence, the aim of this study was to determine a cutoff voxel size value for the assessment of root canal filling voids in micro-CT and nano-CT images. Twenty freshly extracted mandibular central incisors were used. Root canals were prepared with nickel titanium files to an ISO size 40/0.06 taper and then filled with a single cone (40/0.06 taper) and AH Plus sealer. The teeth were scanned with different voxel sizes with either micro-CT (5.2, 8.1, 11.2, and 16.73 <i>μ</i>m) or nano-CT (1.5 and 5.0 <i>μ</i>m) equipment. Images were reconstructed and analyzed with the NRecon and CTAn software. Void proportion and void volume were calculated for each tooth in the apical, middle, and coronal thirds of the root canal. Kruskal-Wallis and post hoc Mann-Whitney <i>U</i> tests were performed with a significance level of 5%. In micro-CT images, significantly different results were detected among the tested voxel sizes for void proportion and void volume, whereas no such differences were found in nano-CT images (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Micro-CT images showed higher void numbers over the entire root length, with statistically significant differences between the voxel size of 16.73 <i>μ</i>m and the other sizes (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The values of the different nano-CT voxel sizes did not significantly differ from those of the micro-CT (5.2, 8.1, and 11.2 <i>μ</i>m), except for the voxel size of 16.73 <i>μ</i>m (<i>p</i> < 0.05). All tested voxel sizes enabled the detection of root canal filling voids except for the voxel size of 16.73 <i>μ</i>m. Bearing in mind the limitations of this study, it seems that a voxel size of 11.2 <i>μ</i>m can be used as a reliable cutoff value for the assessment of root canal filling voids in micro-CT imaging.
Phylogeny of Metschnikowia Species Estimated from Partial rRNA Sequences (1993)

Phylogenetic relationships of species assigned to the genus Metschnikowia were estimated from the extents of divergence among partial sequences of rRNA. The data suggest that the aquatic species (Metschnikowia australis, Metschnikowia bicuspidata, Metschnikowia krissii, and Metschnikowia zobellii) and the terrestrial species (Metschnikowia hawaiiensis, Metschnikowia lunata, Metschnikowia pulcherrima, and Metschnikowia reukaufii) form two groups within the genus. M. lunata and M. hawaiiensis are well separated from other members of the genus, and M. hawaiiensis may be sufficiently divergent that it could be placed in a new genus. Species of the genus Metschnikowia are unique compared with other ascomycetous yeasts because they have a deletion in the large-subunit rRNA sequence that includes nucleotides 434 to 483.
An Iterated Nested Least-Squares Algorithm for Fitting Multiple Data Sets (2002)

A multiple data set fitting problem often arises in conjunction with the development of objective estimators of perceived audio or video quality. In such development work, we often seek the best linear relationship between a set of objective audio or video quality estimation parameters and a set of subjective audio or video quality scores. In order to find the most robust and reliable relationship, we prefer to perform a least-squares fit using as many audio or video data points as possible. This motivates us to combine scores from different subjective tests. Unfortunately, scores from different subjective tests or data sets can differ in significant ways due to differing test procedures, environments, languages, and other sources. We develop a solution to this multiple data set fitting problem: the iterated nested least-squares (INLS) algorithm. This algorithm iterates between two least-squares steps. One step attempts to homogenize heterogeneous data sets through the use of a single first-order correction for all of the data points in each data set. The other least-squares step solves for the appropriate linear combination of the parameters, across all data sets. We also offer example INLS algorithm results using simulation data and data from telephone-bandwidth speech quality tests. For convenience we have written this memorandum in the language of objective estimation of perceived audio and video quality but the results are completely general and can be used to fit other types of data sets as well.
Motor cortex activation in hemiparetic stroke patients (2001)

100 Little is known about the function of surviving motor cortex after hemiparetic stroke. Though the corticospinal tract may be damaged, function may persist via intact intracortical connections. We probed motor cortex function using paradigms unrelated to genesis of paretic limb movement. Seven patients with chronic post-stroke hemiparesis, including total hand plegia, were studied with functional MRI (fMRI). Brain activation was achieved by alternating between rest and one of several stimuli. For the plegic hand, stimuli were passive index finger movement, or viewing active movements; for the non-plegic hand, active or passive index finger movement. Brain activation maps (p&lt;.001) were generated, after which anatomical landmarks were used to identify regions of interest within non-infarcted tissue. Tasks were rehearsed before fMRI, during which surface EMG leads were placed on 5 muscles in each arm. Patients were median 5 months post-stroke, median age 66 years. Median NIH stroke scale score was 9; Rankin, 3; and arm motor Fugl-Meyer score, 18 (normal=66); Motor Activity Log confirmed no plegic hand use. Studies with excess head movement were excluded, including all plegic hand tasks for 1 patient. Plegic hand tasks (10 studies across 6 patients) activated the stroke hemisphere in all patients, including primary motor cortex (5 patients), primary sensory cortex (5 patients), premotor cortex (4 patients), and supplementary motor area (3 patients). Non-stroke hemisphere was also activated, particularly primary motor cortex (5 patients). In a few instances, EMG disclosed paretic arm muscle activity, but this had no relationship to fMRI activation. Non-plegic hand tasks (9 studies across 7 patients) activated the stroke hemisphere ipsilaterally, including supplementary motor area in all 7 patients, and primary motor cortex in 6 patients. In patients with post-stroke hemiparesis, passive stimulation activates surviving motor cortex regions within the stroke-affected hemisphere. After corticospinal tract damage, motor cortex can still be activated during tasks unrelated to paretic limb movement. The results may suggest therapeutic avenues for improving motor function after stroke.
Online Scalable Scheduling for the ℓk-norms of Flow Time Without Conservation of Work (2011)

We address the scheduling model of arbitrary speed-up curves and the broadcast scheduling model. The former occurs when jobs are scheduled in a multi-core system or on a cloud of machines. Here jobs can be sped up when given more processors or machines. However, the parallelizability of the jobs may vary and the algorithm is required to be oblivious of the parallelizability of a job. The latter model is natural in wireless and LAN networks where requests (or jobs) can be simultaneously satisfied together. Both settings are similar in that two schedules can do different amounts of work to satisfy all the jobs. We focus on optimizing the ℓk- norms of flow time. Recently, Gupta et al. [24] gave a (k + ε)-speed O(1)-competitive algorithm for the ℓk norms of flow time in both scheduling settings for fixed k. Inspired by this work, we give the first analysis of a scalable algorithm, i.e. (1 + ε)-speed O(1)-competitive, for all ℓk-norms of flow time in both settings for fixed k and 0 < ε ≤ 1. Both problems have a strong lower bound without resource augmentation, so this is the best result that can be shown in the worst case setting up to a constant factor in the competitive ratio.
Effects of Lipid Supplements on Tear Biochemistry in Contact Lens Wearers (2016)

ABSTRACT Purpose To establish the effect of lipid supplements on tear lipid biochemistry and their influence on lens wear comfort in habitual lens wearers. Methods Forty habitual soft contact lens wearers were recruited to a double‐masked, randomized crossover trial. An emulsion drop containing phosphatidylglycerol (Systane Balance; Alcon) and a liposomal spray containing phosphatidylcholine (Tears again; BioRevive) along with saline placebos were used three times a day for 14 days with 48 hours of washout between each intervention. The Contact Lens Dry Eye Questionnaire categorized participants into symptomatic and asymptomatic wearers. Ocular comfort was measured using the Ocular Comfort Index. Basal tears (15 μl from each eye) were collected with lenses in situ and assayed for the concentration and activity of phospholipase (sPLA 2 ) and the concentration of a malondialdehyde (MDA). Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry characterized the tear lipidome. Results Neither of the lipid supplements improved lens wear comfort compared to baseline. The spray treatment did not affect the concentration of the majority of lipid classes either at day 1 or at day 14. Both the lipid and placebo drops resulted in increased concentration of several lipid classes after day 1 of use, but by day 14, the concentration of most of the lipid classes had returned to baseline levels. With the lipid spray, sPLA 2 activity (0.38 ± 0.2 vs. 0.73 ± 0.6 mmol/min/ml, p = 0.03) and lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) (1.3 ± 0.5 vs. 2.7 ± 0.07 pmol/μl, p = 0.02) were higher in the symptomatic group compared to asymptomatic group at day 1 but not at day 14. The lipid drop resulted in increased LPE concentration in symptomatic wearers at day 1 (1.7 ± 0.3 vs. 2.4 ± 0.3 pmol/μl, p = 0.01) and at day 14 (1.7 ± 0.4 vs. 2.5 ± 0.5 pmol/μl, p = 0.04). Ocular comfort was inversely proportional to the level (r = ‐0.21, p = 0.007) and activity of sPLA 2 (r = ‐0.20, p = 0.01). There was an association between sPLA 2 and LPC (r = 0.41, p &lt; 0.001) and LPE (r = 0.40, p = 0.001), and a negative association with ( O ‐acyl)‐ω‐hydroxy fatty acids (OAHFAs) (r = ‐0.30, p = 0.03) in tears. Conclusions Contact lens wear comfort was associated with sPLA 2 concentration and activity in tears. Lipid biochemistry was transiently influenced by exogenous supplements. Although the specific supplement formulations tested did not differ from placebo in this study, the results do suggest a potential role for lysophospholipids and OAHFAs in modulating symptoms during contact lens wear.
A Study of the Diels-Alder Addition Products of Hexachlorocyclopentadiene with: 1,4-Dichlorobutene-2, 3,4-Dichlorobutene-1 and 1,4-Dichlorobutyne-2 (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Study of the Diels-Alder Addition Products of Hexachlorocyclopentadiene with: 1,4-Dichlorobutene-2, 3,4-Dichlorobutene-1 and 1,4-Dichlorobutyne-2Paul E. Hoch and John M. CleggCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1959, 81, 20, 5413–5417Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1959https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01529a040RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views140Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (639 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Follicular regulatory helper T cells control the response of regulatory B cells to a high-cholesterol diet (2020)

Our results demonstrate that, through different strategies, both TFR and TFH cells modulate anti- and pro-atherosclerotic immune processes in an Apoe-/- mice model since TFR cells are able to regulate both TFH and BREG cell populations as well as lymphangiogenesis and lipoprotein metabolism.
Extraction of source/drain resistance from layout for 0.5 μm non-salicide process technology (2002)

Scaling of non-salicide processes to the deep sub-micron regime will require that circuit simulators take into account sheet resistances. An accurate simulator to extract source and drain resistances from the circuit layout has been developed. The degradation of saturation drain current is most significant for increased parasitic source resistance, and the reduction of linear drain current is significantly affected by increased parasitic drain resistance.
Face tracking in low resolution videos under illumination variations (2011)

In practical face tracking applications, the face region is often small and affected by illumination variations. We address this problem by using a new feature, namely the Gradient-Logarithmic Field (GLF) feature, in the particle filter framework. The GLF feature is robust under illumination variations and the GLF-based tracker does not assume any model for the face being tracked and is effective in low-resolution video. Experimental results show that the proposed GFL-based tracker works well under significant illumination changes and outperforms some of the state-of-the-art algorithms.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a trans‐Hydrindanone, Precursor for the Preparation of Vitamin D Analogues. (2014)

Abstract A scalable synthesis of the title compounds is developed, based on the Criegee rearrangement.
[The usefulness of dual-energy radiographic densitometry (DO) in establishing the composition of calculi]. (1993)

Dual-energy radiographic bone densitometry is utilized to determine the bone mineral content in patients with osteoporosis. The present in vitro experimental study investigated the usefulness of densitometry in determining stone composition and in evaluating the mineral and non mineral phases of the calculus. For the study we analyzed 114 calculi of 6 different chemical composition (calcium oxalate monohydrate, calcium oxalate dihydrate, magnesium ammonium phosphate, phosphate carbonate, uric acid and phosphate oxalate). The phosphate carbonate calculi had the highest mineral density, whereas the uric acid calculi had the lowest and contained more water. Although densitometry appears to be of little value in determining stone composition, it provides information on the mineral and non mineral phases of the calculus.
Five-beam Interference Pattern Model for laser interference lithography (2010)

Laser interference lithography (LIL) is an established fabrication technology for micro and nano scale structuring of periodic and quasi-periodic surface patterns. This paper presents a Five-beam Interference Pattern Model for laser interference lithography. It can be programmed to obtain images of interference results showing interference intensity distributions. The majority of 2-5 beam interference patterns can be simulated by this model with every variable in an LIL system. In this work, different technologies for nano structuring are introduced, along with the principle of the five-beam interference pattern model. Several images of interference results obtained by the five-beam interference pattern model are shown and some of their possible applications are discussed. Three-beam interference patterns and five-beam interference patterns are formed using a laser beam that goes along the z axis which is not used commonly in other LIL models.
Transcriptomic fingerprint of bacterial infection in lower extremity ulcers (2022)

Clinicians and researchers utilize subjective, clinical classification systems to stratify lower extremity ulcer infections for treatment and research. The purpose of this study was to examine whether these clinical classifications are reflected in the ulcer's transcriptome. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed on biopsies from clinically infected lower extremity ulcers (n = 44). Resulting sequences were aligned to the host reference genome to create a transcriptome profile. Differential gene expression analysis and gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis were performed between ulcer severities as well as between sample groups identified by k-means clustering. Lastly, a support vector classifier was trained to estimate clinical infection score or k-means cluster based on a subset of genes. Clinical infection severity did not explain the major sources of variability among the samples and samples with the same clinical classification demonstrated high inter-sample variability. High proportions of bacterial RNA were identified in some samples, which resulted in a strong effect on transcription and increased expression of genes associated with immune response and inflammation. K-means clustering identified two clusters of samples, one of which contained all of the samples with high levels of bacterial RNA. A support vector classifier identified a fingerprint of 20 genes, including immune-associated genes such as CXCL8, GADD45B, and HILPDA, which accurately identified samples with signs of infection via cross-validation. This study identified a unique, host-transcriptome signature in the presence of infecting bacteria, often incongruent with clinical infection-severity classifications. This suggests that stratification of infection status based on a transcriptomic fingerprint may be useful as an objective classification method to classify infection severity, as well as a tool for studying host-pathogen interactions.
Isolation and characterization of actinomycetes in vellar estuary, Annagkoil, Tamil Nadu (2009)

Vellar Estuary was investigated as a source of actinomycetes to screen for production of novel bioactive compounds. The presence of relatively large populations of Streptomyces in Vellar Estuary soil samples indicates that it is an eminently suitable ecosystem for actinomycetes. Actinomycetes counts ranged 12 x 10 4 cfu/g of soil. The actinomycetes isolated from these ecosystems are capable of producing antibiotics that strongly inhibit the growth of Gram positive and Gram-negative bacteria and yeast like fungi. Further cultural and physiological characterization and DNA homology suggest that strain DPTD-5 is identical to Streptomyces bikiniensis.
Application of a deductive database system to search for topological and similar three-dimensional structures in protein (1997)

A deductive database system PACADE (Protein Atomic Coordinate Analyzer with Deductive Engine) has been developed for protein structure analysis. With this system, super-secondary structures described in logical and declarative rules can be retrieved effectively. For protein structure analysis, comparison of local structures in different proteins is a necessary mean. A function to search for similar structures has, therefore, been added to the PACADE system. We describe herein the result of searches for the same topological structures and three-dimensionally similar ones. A user of PACADE can select these two levels of similarity by changing parameters. This function enables the inference system to retrieve similar structures, according to the restraints of variables defined by the user. Similar super-secondary structures among proteins can be searched for automatically, which is useful for protein structure analysis. The retrieved similar super-secondary structures can serve as criteria for protein spatial alignment.
Catalytically Active Boron Nitride in Acetylene Hydrochlorination (2017)

This study presents the discovery that porous boron nitride (p-BN) is active in acetylene hydrochlorination, although boron nitride (BN) is generally considered chemically inert. An acetylene conversion of 99% is achieved with a vinyl chloride selectivity over 99% at 280 °C at a gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) of 1.32 mL min–1 g–1. By contrast, the commercially available crystallized hexagonal BN (h-BN) exhibits no catalytic activity. Furthermore, this p-BN is rather durable as demonstrated by a 1000 h lifetime test. Catalytic tests, spectroscopic characterization, and theoretical calculations indicate that the activity likely originates from the defects and edge sites. Particularly, the armchair edges of BN can polarize and activate acetylene, which then reacts with gaseous HCl giving vinyl chloride as the product.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Tetrarhodium Cluster: A Face‐to‐Face Carbonyl‐Bridged Dimer of a Dirhodium Macrocyclic Hexaamine. (1987)

Abstract The new Rh cluster (III) is prepared by the reaction of the hexaamine ligand(I) with the dimer(II) and is characterized by IR and 13 C NMR spectroscopy and an X‐ray structure analysis (space group I2/m, Z=2).
On the use of IEEE 802.15.4 to enable wireless sensor networks in building automation (2005)

IEEE 802.15.4 is a new standard that addresses the need of low-rate wireless personal area networks or LR-WPAN with a focus on enabling pervasive wireless sensor networks for residential, commercial and industrial applications. The standard is characterized by maintaining a high level of simplicity, allowing for low cost and low power implementations. This work presents a brief technical introduction of the IEEE 802.15.4 standard and analyzes its applicability for building automation applications.