gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical frequency distribution using laser repeater stations with planar lightwave circuits (2020)

We report a cascaded optical fiber link which connects laboratories in RIKEN, the University of Tokyo, and NTT within a 100-km region using a transfer light at 1397 nm, a subharmonic of the Sr clock frequency. The multiple cascaded link employing several laser repeater stations benefits from a wide feedback bandwidth for fiber noise compensation, which allows constructing optical lattice clock networks based on the master-slave configuration. We developed the laser repeater stations based on planar lightwave circuits to significantly reduce the interferometer noise for improved link stability. We implemented a 240-km-long cascaded link in a UTokyo-NTT-UTokyo loop using light sent from RIKEN via a 30-km-long link. In environments with large fiber noise, the link instability is 3 × 10<sup>-16</sup> at an averaging time of 1 s and reaches 1 × 10<sup>-18</sup> at 2,600 s.
Phase-couplfd two-dimensional speckle tracking method (2004)

We present a 2D speckle tracking method for displacement estimation based on the gradients of the magnitude and phase of 2D complex correlation in a search region in two consecutive frames. The novelty of this approach is that it couples the phase and magnitude gradients near the correlation peak to determine the true maximum with subsample accuracy in both axial and lateral directions. It is shown that, for wide range of speckle SNR values, both magnitude and phase gradients of the 2D cross correlation near the true correlation peak are well behaved. Furthermore, the magnitude gradient vectors final approach to the true peak is either tangential or orthogonal to the zero-phase contour. This leads to an efficient and robust, directed gradient search algorithm for determination of the true peak resulting in a very accurate estimate of the 2D displacement vector. This algorithm was tested using computer simulations (Field II) as well as tissue mimicking phantoms undergoing deformation and in vivo images of human liver under a variety of breathing conditions. Comparisons with standard interpolation based approach and 2D cross spectrum based method in Sumi (1999) were made for accuracy, speed, and robustness. Compared to standard interpolation, the phase-coupled approach produces superior results using much smaller interpolation factors. Compared to the 2D cross spectrum method, it is more robust, more computationally efficient, and produces finer lateral displacement estimation with lower variance.
Basics of Virtual Reality Modeling (2021)

This chapter introduces virtual reality (VR) modeling concepts. VR applications are successfully applied as a learning tool in different fields. After presenting a historic perspective of VR applications, the benefits of VR modeling, computing requirements, as well as their limitations are provided in this chapter. Essential VR development tools such as Unity 3D and unreal engine are discussed with 3D modeling. These platforms provide multiple sets of tools and minimize coding. They facilitate the user with enhanced capabilities such as rendering effects and interactive features. The steps followed in VR application development are presented subsequently.
Identification of Escaped Transgenic Creeping Bentgrass in Oregon (2007)

When transgenic plants are cultivated near wild species that are sexually compatible with the crop, gene flow between the crop and wild plants is possible. A resultant concern is that transgene flow and transgene introgression within wild populations could have unintended ecological consequences. In order to begin testing for these potential effects, it is necessary to locate and monitor wild populations into which transgenes have escaped. Empirical data on transgene escapes is just beginning to emerge in the scientific literature, and in the November, 2006, issue of Molecular Ecology we presented the first evidence for establishment of transgenic plants in wild populations within the USA.1 The case involved glyphosate-resistant creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) plants expressing CP4 EPSPS (5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase gene from Agrobacterium spp. strain CP4) transgenes that were found in non-agronomic habitats outside of experimental test plots in central Oregon. In 2003 under USDA APHIS permit issued to the Scotts Company, flowering of approximately 162 ha of Roundup Ready
Excited State Intramolecular Proton Transfer and Photophysics of a New Fluorenyl Two‐Photon Fluorescent Probe (2009)

The steady-state photophysical, NMR, and two-photon absorption (2PA) properties of a new fluorene derivative (1) containing the 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole (HBT) terminal construct is investigated for use as a fluorescence probe in bioimaging. A comprehensive analysis of the linear spectral properties reveals inter- and intramolecular hydrogen bonding and excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) processes in the HBT substituent. A specific electronic model with a double minimum potential energy surface is consistent with the observed spectral properties. The 2PA spectra are obtained using a standard two-photon induced fluorescence method with a femtosecond kHz laser system, affording a maximum 2PA cross section of approximately 600 GM, a sufficiently high value for two-photon fluorescence imaging. No dependence of two-photon absorption efficiency on solvent properties and hydrogen bonding in the HBT substituent is observed. The potential use of this fluorenyl probe in bioimaging is demonstrated via one- and two-photon fluorescence imaging of COS-7 cells.
Diversity combining for DS CDMA systems with synchronization errors (2002)

An efficient series that is used to calculate the probability of error for a BPSK modulated DS CDMA system with chip timing and carrier phase errors in a slowly fading multipath channel is derived. The receiver is assumed to be a coherent RAKE receiver. Three types of diversity schemes are considered: selection diversity, equal gain diversity combining and maximal ratio diversity combining. The error probability derivation does not resort to the widely used Gaussian approximation for the intersymbol interference and multiple access interference and is very accurate. Systems of 1.25 MHz and 5 MHz are considered for different numbers of diversity branches.
Iterative design process for highly efficient optical trapping systems (2014)

The development of an optical system for trapping particles in air is presented. Based on optics design as well as optical force simulations an efficient optical system is designed, manufactured and characterized.
Fabrication and characterization of a solid polyurethane phantom for optical imaging through scattering media (1999)

A phantom based on a polyurethane system that replicates the optical properties of tissue for use in near-infrared imaging is described. The absorption properties of tissue are simulated by a dye that absorbs in the near infrared, and the scattering properties are simulated by TiO2 particles. The scattering and absorption coefficients of the plastic were measured with a new technique based on time-resolved transmission through two slabs of materials that have different thicknesses. An image of a representative phantom was obtained from time-gated transmission.
A Model for Normothermic Preservation of the Rat Liver (2007)

Current techniques for the preservation of donor livers typically rely on cold temperatures (approximately 0-4 degrees C) to slow down metabolic processes. Recently, normothermic extracorporeal liver perfusion (NELP) has regained interest as a potentially promising approach for long-term liver preservation. Unlike cold-storage techniques, NELP attempts to maintain the liver in a near physiological environment, thus enabling normal metabolic and tissue repair processes to take place, which may help in the recovery of ischemically damaged and fatty donor livers, both of which represent significant untapped sources of donor livers. However, NELP is technically more complex than cold-storage techniques, and the lack of standardized small animal models limits its development. Here we describe a rat NELP system that is simple and cost-effective to run. We show that rat livers that underwent NELP for 6 h could be routinely transplanted into syngeneic recipient rats with excellent 1-month survival. During perfusion, the release of cytosolic enzymes, bile and urea production, and oxygen uptake rate could be readily monitored, thus providing a comprehensive picture of hepatic function before transplantation. This system will help in the optimization of NELP in several ways, such as for the improvement of perfusion conditions and the development of quantitative metabolic criteria for hepatic viability.
Analysis of frequency characteristics of dielectric waveguide discontinuities using finite difference‐time difference method (1995)

Abstract The frequency characteristics of several discontinuous shapes in a dielectric slab waveguide have been studied numerically by means of the finite difference‐time difference (FD‐TD) method. First, an excitation method of the incident mode field suitable for the FD‐TD calculations is presented in detail and the numerical accuracy of the method is discussed. For the step and bent discontinuities, the transmission and reflection coefficients derived by the FD‐TD method are compared with rigorous values. It is confirmed that sufficient accuracy is guaranteed. Next, for the discontinuities such as step, gap, slope, crank, axial offset, and sharp bend, the frequency dependence of the transmission coefficient is studied; both amplitude and phase are investigated. Finally, with a simple model of the quadriphase‐shift keying (QPSK) modulated wave, the discontinuity transmission characteristics are examined.
Microwave-assisted germination of cucumbers under low-temperature hydroponics environment (2012)

Recently, microwave technology has drawn considerable interests not only in wireless communication systems, but also in wireless power transmissions[1], chemical reactions, and heating systems[2-3]. We are currently exploring the effects of microwave illumination upon plant growth. Different from conventional oil-based greenhouse heating systems, in which the heated air tends to stay in the ceiling area of the greenhouse, far from the plants to be heated, microwaves can directly heat the target plants by controlling radiation patterns of antenna arrays, leading to reduce the amount of energy consumption. This paper demonstrates that germination of cucumber seeds, placed under low-temperature environment, is promoted by a 2.45GHz, 50W microwave illumination.
Fluorescent lamps: Dynamic analysis with two-temperature representation of electron energy distribution (1991)

A dynamic simulation method which has been developed for a low-pressure mercury rare-gas positive column is applied to an analysis of an AC operation of fluorescent lamps. Calculations are carried out for fluorescent lamps with inner diameters of 15.5 mm, 18 mm and 24 mm driven by an AC power source through a single choke at the frequencies of 60 Hz and 50 kHz. Calculated waveforms of lamp voltage and current agree well with experimental ones for both operating frequencies. This technique gives us dynamic characteristics of plasma parameters, and opens a way to computer aided design of the fluorescent lamps.
All-fiber-integrated soliton–similariton laser with in-line fiber filter (2012)

We demonstrate an all-fiber-integrated Er-doped fiber laser operating in the soliton-similariton mode-locking regime. In the similariton part of the cavity, a self-similarly evolving parabolic pulse with highly linear chirp propagates in the presence of normal dispersion. Following an in-line fiber-based birefringent filter, the pulse evolves into a soliton in the part of the cavity with anomalous dispersion. The similariton and the soliton pulses are dechirped to 75.5 and 167.2 fs, respectively, outside of the cavity. Mode-locked operation is very robust, owing to the influence of the two similariton and soliton attractors that predominate each half of the laser cavity. The experimental results are supported with numerical simulations, which provide good agreement.
Motor synchronization and impulsivity in pediatric borderline personality disorder with and without attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: an eye-tracking study of saccade, blink and pupil behavior (2023)

Shifting motor actions from reflexively reacting to an environmental stimulus to predicting it allows for smooth synchronization of behavior with the outside world. This shift relies on the identification of patterns within the stimulus - knowing when a stimulus is predictable and when it is not - and launching motor actions accordingly. Failure to identify predictable stimuli results in movement delays whereas failure to recognize unpredictable stimuli results in early movements with incomplete information that can result in errors. Here we used a metronome task, combined with video-based eye-tracking, to quantify temporal predictive learning and performance to regularly paced visual targets at 5 different interstimulus intervals (ISIs). We compared these results to the random task where the timing of the target was randomized at each target step. We completed these tasks in female pediatric psychiatry patients (age range: 11-18 years) with borderline personality disorder (BPD) symptoms, with (<i>n</i> = 22) and without (<i>n</i> = 23) a comorbid attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosis, against controls (<i>n</i> = 35). Compared to controls, BPD and ADHD/BPD cohorts showed no differences in their predictive saccade performance to metronome targets, however, when targets were random ADHD/BPD participants made significantly more anticipatory saccades (i.e., guesses of target arrival). The ADHD/BPD group also significantly increased their blink rate and pupil size when initiating movements to predictable versus unpredictable targets, likely a reflection of increased neural effort for motor synchronization. BPD and ADHD/BPD groups showed increased sympathetic tone evidenced by larger pupil sizes than controls. Together, these results support normal temporal motor prediction in BPD with and without ADHD, reduced response inhibition in BPD with comorbid ADHD, and increased pupil sizes in BPD patients. Further these results emphasize the importance of controlling for comorbid ADHD when querying BPD pathology.
Alterations in sarcomere structure, collagen organization, mitochondrial activity, and protein metabolism in the avian low score normal muscle weakness (1997)

Skeletal muscle fibers are surrounded by an extracellular matrix. The extracellular matrix is composed of glycoproteins, collagen, and proteoglycans. Proteoglycans have been suggested to play an important functional role in tissue differentiation. However, an understanding of how the extracellular matrix affects skeletal muscle development and function is largely unknown. In the avian genetic muscle weakness, low score normal (LSN), a late embryonic increase in the expression of decorin is followed by a subsequent increase in collagen crosslinking. The sarcomere organization, collagen fibril diameter and organization were investigated using transmission electron microscopy. Measurements were made at 20 days of embryonic development and 6 weeks posthatch. These studies showed changes in sarcomere organization and deterioration of muscle fibril structure in the LSN pectoral muscle. In vitro satellite cell cultures were developed and assayed for mitochondrial activity, and protein synthesis and degradation. In these analyses, mitochondrial activity from LSN satellite cells was significantly higher than those from normal pectoral muscle satellite cells. Protein synthesis rates between the normal and LSN satellite cell-derived myotubes were similar, but protein degradation rates were higher in the LSN cultures. Based on the reported functions of decorin as a regulator of cell proliferation and collagen fibril organization, it is possible that the late embryonic increase in decorin may be influencing the alterations in LSN sarcomere and collagen organization.
Enzyme Microarrays: On‐Chip Determination of Inhibition Constants Based on Affinity‐Label Detection of Enzymatic Activity (2004)

In this Communication, Figure 4 b was incorrect. The correct graph is shown.1
Ir‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Substitutions with (Phosphoramidite)Ir Complexes—Resting States, Synthesis, and Characterization of Catalytically Active (π‐Allyl)Ir Complexes (2009)

(π-Allyl)Ir complexes: A new and very simple one-pot synthesis of (π-allyl)Ir complexes derived from phosphoramidites L is presented (see scheme). Ready availability of the allyl complexes allowed resting states and other parameters of the Ir-catalyzed allylic substitution to be determined. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Sustained Antiviral and Liver Protection by a Nasal Therapeutic Vaccine (NASVAC, Containing Both HBsAg and HBcAg) in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B: 2-Year Follow-Up of Phase III Clinical Trial (2021)

A phase III clinical trial in treatment-naïve patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) revealed the safety and considerable therapeutic efficacy of a vaccine containing both hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) (NASVAC) at the end of treatment (EOT) and 24 weeks after EOT. Two years after EOT, we checked HBV DNA, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg). The data reveal that 33 of 66 NASVAC-recipient CHB patients became negative for HBV DNA in the blood two years after EOT. The ALT levels were within the upper limit of normal (ULN) in 37 patients, although all 66 CHB patients had elevated ALT (above ULN) before the start of therapy. Out of the total twelve HBeAg-positive patients, eight patients became negative for HBeAg. None of the patients developed cirrhosis of the liver within this period. NASVAC is a finite treatment regimen with sustained antiviral and liver-protecting properties. This study is the first to report follow-up data of immune therapy for CHB. NASVAC, an immune therapy of finite duration, is endowed with sustained antiviral and liver protection properties in CHB patients.
Markowitz Revisited: Mean-Variance Models in Financial Portfolio Analysis (2001)

Mean-variance portfolio analysis provided the first quantitative treatment of the tradeoff between profit and risk. We describe in detail the interplay between objective and constraints in a number of single-period variants, including semivariance models. Particular emphasis is laid on avoiding the penalization of overperformance. The results are then used as building blocks in the development and theoretical analysis of multiperiod models based on scenario trees. A key property is the possibility of removing surplus money in future decisions, yielding approximate downside risk minimization.
Safety Evaluation and Regulatory Aspects (2016)

When flavoring substances are added to foods, no health hazards should arise from the dosages used. Natural flavoring substances are obtained by physical, microbiological, or enzymatic processes from a foodstuff or material of vegetable, animal, or microbiological origin. A complete safety assessment is needed for the premarket authorization of flavoring substances. Fragrance materials are used in a wide variety of cosmetic and household products. However, safety and risk assessments need to be done under several regulations, fragrance ingredients fall under the registration, evaluation, authorisation and restriction of chemicals (REACH) regulation (EC/1907/2006) that demands environmental and worker risk assessment as well as consumer risk assessment for all uses other than in cosmetic, biocidal, and medicinal products. Hundreds of monographs on fragrance materials and essential oils have been published by Research Institute on Fragrance Materials (RIFM) in its early years, followed by a series of safety assessments of groups of fragrance ingredients.
Self-consistent computer calculations for perpendicular magnetic recording (1980)

A comparison of perpendicular and longitudinal recording indicates that conventional heads are suitable for recording on high coercivity media having perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. At equal bit shift and head to disk separation perpendicular recording gives a factor of 2.5 increase in the linear density attained with media in use today.
Predicting Strength Variability of Concrete Offshore Structures (1994)

A method for predicting the sectional strength variability of complex concrete structures subjected to combined membrane forces, bending moments, and transverse shear is presented. SHELL474, which uses a three‐dimensional generalization of the modified compression field theory to predict the theoretical capacity of complex concrete elements, is incorporated within the reliability‐analysis model RELAN, in order to evaluate the function defining the failure limit state. The method is used in an example where the strength variability of the 1.4‐m‐thick ice wall of the Hibernia concrete offshore structure (1986 updated design) is studied. Statistical models for the 15 random variables that affect the resistance of the structural concrete wall were determined from the literature. The analysis results illustrate the importance of obtaining updated statistical information on modern high‐performance concrete, for both the compressive and tensile‐strength distributions.
Unicameral Bone Cyst with Epiphyseal Involvement (1982)

Summary: Epiphyseal involvement of a unicameral bone cyst (UBC) is rare. This anatomic setting represents a distinct clinical and radiographic entity. This study reports a new case and analyzes the clinical and biological behavior of seven additional UBCs with epiphyseal involvement from the literature. We report the first successful treatment of this variant with methylprednisolone acetate. The average age was 20.1 years with a male to female ratio of 1.3:1. Anatomic location: proximal femur (4), proximal humerus (2), and proximal tibia (2). Both age and location were atypical when compared to the classic metaphyseal location. Radiographically, all lesions presented a characteristic involvement of the epiphysis and metaphysis in various proportions. The epiphyseal plates were judged closed versus open in 50%, respectively. Follow-up ranged from 9 months to 3 years. Six cases healed following a single curettage (three with and three without bone graft). There were no late complications of fracture, deformity, shortening, or avascular necrosis. Recurrence was 0%. No secondary procedures were required. We conclude the age, location, and radiographic appearance is atypical and diagnosis is difficult, but the biological behavior is less agressive and the prognosis more favorable than the typical, metaphyseal UBC. Curettage with or without bone graft has a high success rate. We recommend aspiration and intralesional methylprednisolone as the initial management. We hypothesize that epiphyseal UBCs have a better prognosis than metaphyseal location alone due to the older age, atypical location, and the potential of the epiphysis to reossify.