gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Binocular stereo via log-polar retinas</title> (1995)

Log-polar pixel tessellation in the image plane improves binocular stereo perception compared to the familiar uniform Cartesian tessellation. This paper describes the advantages by analyzing the 3D intersections of projections of dual retinas. The 3D environment is divided into volume cells (voxels) which are the intersections of pixel projection cones. There are some interesting and useful differences between log-polar and Cartesian induced voxel distribution. Maximum stereo resolution for Cartesian voxels is inconveniently located at the outskirts of the field of view at the near point of intersection of the two fields of view, rapidly degrading therefrom. Log-polar stereo resolution is highest at the point of intersection of the optical axes. Active vision can steer this focus of attention like a spotlight to any point of interest in the 3D environment. Within this focus of attention, stereo resolution is nearly uniform. Applications include active robot vision with close parallels to the human visual system and eye movements.
PWM Torque Ripple Compensation for a Dual Three-Phase Synchronous Machine (2021)

Electrical machines are wide spread because of their intrinsic robustness, versatility and reduced impact on energy and resources. Recently, the demand has focused on specific features: compatibility with power converters and fault tolerance. In fact, the range of applications requires variable speed drives and high rejection of faults, i.e. safe operation also for non-critical applications.Here, a dual three-phase stator configuration for a synchronous reluctance motor is investigated. The power supply of the two three-phase system is independently regulated in order to reduce torque ripple compensating the current ripple via harmonic cancellation. The finite element analysis shows that a quite perfect compensation of the torque ripple can be achieved with a suitable displacement of the PWM carrier of the three-phase system supply.
Mice repeatedly exposed to Group-A β-Haemolytic Streptococcus show perseverative behaviors, impaired sensorimotor gating and immune activation in rostral diencephalon (2015)

Repeated exposure to Group-A β-Haemolytic Streptococcus (GAS) may constitute a vulnerability factor in the onset and course of pediatric motor disturbances. GAS infections/colonization can stimulate the production of antibodies, which may cross the blood brain barrier, target selected brain areas (e.g. basal ganglia), and exacerbate motor alterations. Here, we exposed developing SJL male mice to four injections with a GAS homogenate and evaluated the following domains: motor coordination; general locomotion; repetitive behaviors; perseverative responses; and sensorimotor gating (pre-pulse inhibition, PPI). To demonstrate that behavioral changes were associated with immune-mediated brain alterations, we analyzed, in selected brain areas, the presence of infiltrates and microglial activation (immunohistochemistry), monoamines (HPLC), and brain metabolites (in vivo Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy). GAS-exposed mice showed increased repetitive and perseverative behaviors, impaired PPI, and reduced concentrations of serotonin in prefrontal cortex, a brain area linked to the behavioral domains investigated, wherein they also showed remarkable elevations in lactate. Active inflammatory processes were substantiated by the observation of infiltrates and microglial activation in the white matter of the anterior diencephalon. These data support the hypothesis that repeated GAS exposure may elicit inflammatory responses in brain areas involved in motor control and perseverative behavior, and result in phenotypic abnormalities.
Printed crisscross monopole antenna with a square conductor-backed parasitic plane for dual-band WLAN applications (2005)

In this paper, we demonstrate a new and simple dual-band design of a printed monopole antenna. The antenna consists of a crisscross monopole element with a microstrip feedline and a conductor-backed parasitic plane. The crisscross monopole and the conductor-backed parasitic plane are designed to achieve 2.4- and 5.2-GHz dual-band operations for WLAN applications. The measured impedance bandwidth for 10-dB return loss is from 1.72 to 2.87 GHz and 4.41 to 6.09 GHz, covering the 2.4- and 5.2-GHz WLAN standards. The measured radiation patterns exhibit typical monopole-antenna radiation characteristics. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 46: 541–543, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21042
Content-based UEP (2003)

Bandwidth efficiency and error robustness are two essential and conflicting requirements for streaming media content over error-prone channels, such as wireless channels. This paper describes a new scheme called content-based unequal error protection (C-UEP), which aims to improve the user-perceived QoS in the case of packet loss. We use music streaming as an example to show the effectiveness of the new concept. C-UEP requires only a small fraction of the redundancy used in existing forward error correction (FEC) methods. C-UEP classifies every audio segment (e.g. an encoding frame) into different classes to improve encoding efficiency. Salient transients such as drumbeats and note onsets are encoded with more redundancy in a secondary bitstream used to recover lost packets by the receiver. Formal perceptual evaluations show that our scheme improves audio quality significantly over simple muting and packet repetition baselines. This improvement is achieved with a negligible amount of redundancy, which is transmitted to the receiver ahead of playback.
Full-field low-frequency heterodyne interferometry using CMOS and CCD cameras with online phase processing (2005)

Most full-field heterodyne interferometry systems are based on complex electro-mechanical scanning devices. In this 
study, however, we present an alternative non-scanning approach based on a low frequency heterodyne interferometer 
employing standard CCD and CMOS cameras. Two frequency locked acousto-optical devices were used to obtain two 
laser beams with an optical frequency difference as low as 3 Hz. The interference of those beams generated a suitably 
low frequency carrier signal that allowed the use of a common 25 frame/second CCD camera. Using a digital CMOS 
camera and acquiring a limited number of randomly accessible pixels, measurements with much higher carrier 
frequencies were also possible. 
The advantages of the heterodyne technique with respect to common phase-stepping methods are the shorter response 
time and lower sensitivity to sources of uncertainty such as drift, vibrations and random electronic noises. In order to 
directly compare the heterodyne and phase-stepping techniques experimentally, the same interferometer was used for 
both methods. The switching between operation modes was achieved by simply altering the electronic driving signals of 
the acousto-optical devices where for the phase-stepping mode, the frequency difference of the driving signals was set 
to zero. The phase steps were obtained by a piezo-driven mirror. Comparing the phase difference between two pixels in 
an image, approximately 0.01 radian of standard deviation, corresponding to a resolution of λ/628, was achieved by 
heterodyne technique, as compared to 0.06 radian by the phase-stepping method. 
The interferometer with the CMOS camera was applied to monitor the refractive index variation across a micro-channel 
where two liquid flows were mixed. Also, the capability for fast, time-resolved full-field optical refractive index 
measurements was demonstrated. The examples presented show how the high sensitivity of the heterodyne technique 
allows the study of a number of sources of uncertainty that were not otherwise easily quantifiable using standard full field 
methods.
Age‐dependant structural remodelling in the left ventricle of type 2 diabetic Goto‐Kakizaki rat (2015)

Long term hyperglycaemia (HG) elicits adverse structural remodelling of the heart. This study tests the hypothesis that both pre-diabetes (2 months) and mild chronic (18 months) HG in G-K type 2 diabetic rats can cause similar adverse remodelling of the heart. This study employed isolated left ventricles of G-K rats compared to age-matched Wistar controls to investigate structural remodelling and associated changes in transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), atrial natriuretic factor (ANP), pro-hypertrophic markers; Akt-mTOR-p70S6K1 and gene expressions for several extracellular matrix (ECM) factors associated with fibrosis. Diabetes was confirmed using the fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glucose tolerance test (GTT). Results for both groups of G-K rats indicate moderate increases in FBG and significantly (p<0.05) higher levels of blood glucose following GTT compared to controls confirming diabetic status. No significant differences in body weights were identified, G-K rats had significantly (p<0.05) increased heart weights, heart weight to body weight ratio, left ventricle wall (LVW) to body weight ratio, LV free wall thickness and myocyte diameter compared to Wistar controls, an indication of marked hypertrophy of the heart. These changes were accompanied by significant (p<0.05) increases in TGF-beta1, BNP, ANP, Akt-mTOR-p70S6K and gene expressions for ECM factors and regulators in the left ventricles of G-K rats compared to Wistar controls. Results reveal both pre-diabetes and mild chronic HG to be detrimental to cardiac structure and function leading to severe adverse remodelling of the LV.
Spermatogenesis in retinol-deficient rats maintained on retinoic acid (1992)

Rats maintained on a diet deficient in retinol and retinoic acid were given a diet containing retinoic acid for 21-29 days after the start of weight loss. The testes of four of these rats were studied. Spermatogonia of all types were observed, though in lower numbers than in controls, and their mitotic activity was normal. Normal preleptotene spermatocytes were encountered, but no normal spermatocytes in further stages of development were seen. Pale cells that appeared to be in prophase were observed. It was concluded that, in retinol-deficient rats maintained on retinoic acid, the spermatogonial population is qualitatively normal, but quantitatively subnormal, while spermatocyte development is qualitatively and quantitatively abnormal. No evidence of spermatogonial arrest or any other form of synchronization was found in testes of these rats, but when the remaining rats were injected with retinol, the seminiferous epithelium did show stage synchronization at 36 and 128 days after the injection.
An AR/TUI-supported Debugging Teaching Environment (2019)

This paper presents research on the potential application of Tangible and Augmented Reality (AR) technology to computer science education and the teaching of programming in tertiary settings. An approach to an AR-supported debugging-teaching prototype is outlined, focusing on the design of an AR workspace that uses physical markers to interact with content (code). We describe a prototype which has been designed to actively scaffold the student's development of the two primary abilities necessary for effective debugging: (1) the ability to read not just the code syntax, but to understand the overall program structure behind the code; and (2) the ability to independently recall and apply the new knowledge to produce new, working code structures.
Mechanisms of N-Demethylations Catalyzed by High-Valent Species of Heme Enzymes:  Novel Use of Isotope Effects and Direct Observation of Intermediates (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTMechanisms of N-Demethylations Catalyzed by High-Valent Species of Heme Enzymes: Novel Use of Isotope Effects and Direct Observation of IntermediatesYoshio Goto, Yoshihito Watanabe, Shunichi Fukuzumi, Jeffrey P. Jones, and Joseph P. DinnocenzoView Author Information Department of Structural Molecular Science The Graduate University for Advanced Studies Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585 Japan Institute for Molecular Science Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585 Japan Department of Applied Chemistry Osaka University, Suita, 565 Japan Departments of Pharmacology and Chemistry University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 41, 10762–10763Publication Date (Web):October 1, 1998Publication History Received21 April 1998Published online1 October 1998Published inissue 1 October 1998https://doi.org/10.1021/ja981357uCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views673Altmetric-Citations74LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (54 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Charge transfer,Isotope effects,Kinetic parameters,Kinetics,Oxidation Get e-Alerts
Acute and Chronic Dosing ofLepidium Meyenii(Maca) on Male Rat Sexual Behavior (2007)

Acute and short-term administration of Maca produced a small effect of rat male sexual behavior and long-term administration did not increase anxiety.
The Solution of Test plateform For Vehicle Automatic Transmission (2006)

Automatic transmission is applied to vehicle owing to its perfect power transmission performance, because its structure is very complex and precision, traditional diagnosis and maintenance method lags behind transmission technology out and away, thus development of automatic transmission simulation run system is brought forward. Based on study of automatic transmission structure and work process, we design and manufacture the simulation run platform for testing automatic transmission, the paper especially describes data sampling, power control, anti-interfere and man machine conversation of the system in detail.
Vesicular Ca2+-induced secretion promoted by intracellular pH-gradient disruption (2020)

The actions of the protonophore CCCP on intracellular Ca2+ regulation and exocytosis in chromaffin cells have been examined. Simultaneous fura-2 imaging and amperometry reveal that exposure to CCCP not only perturbs mitochondrial function but that it also alters vesicular storage of Ca2+ and catecholamines. By disrupting the pH gradient of the secretory vesicle membrane, the protonophore allows both Ca2+ and catecholamine to leak into the cytosol. Unlike the high cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations resulting from mitochondrial membrane disruption, Ca2+ leakage from secretory vesicles may initiate exocytotic release. In conjunction with previous studies, this work reveals that catalytic and self-sustained vesicular Ca2+-induced exocytosis occurs with extended exposure to weak acid or base protonophores.
Elsamicins A and B, new antitumor antibiotics related to chartreusin. 2. Structures of elsamicins A and B (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElsamicins A and B, new antitumor antibiotics related to chartreusin. 2. Structures of elsamicins A and BKoko Sugawara, Mitsuaki Tsunakawa, Masataka Konishi, Hiroshi Kawaguchi, Bala Krishnan, Cun Heng He, and Jon ClardyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 6, 996–1001Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00382a005https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00382a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views231Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Purification of Recombinant Hepatitis B Virus Surface Antigen with PEG Precipitation and Chromatography (2006)

Chromatography integration is being widely used in the purification of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) expressed by recombinant Chinese hamster ovary cell line. The low final product recovery rate limits manufactory production and HBsAg vaccine application. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation is applied to improve HBsAg yield. The effects of PEG concentration, pH value and ionic intensity on PEG precipitation were investigated by orthogonal design of the experiments. Under the optimized conditions of 0.12 g/mL PEG6000, 4℃, pH 9.0, the recovery rate of HBsAg was up to 96.8% while the purification factor was 3.7. Furthermore, the macromolecular impurity and bovine serum albumin were effectively removed by PEG precipitation. The total recovery rate of HBsAg was improved to 41% and PEG could be removed by gel filtration chromatography in the final product.
Comparison of DC Offset Effects on LMS Algorithm and its Derivatives (2009)

Abstract — It is well known that DC offset degrades the performance of analog adaptive filters. The effects of DC offset on LMS derivatives such as sign-data LMS, sign-error LMS and sign-sign LMS have been studied to much extent but that on MLMS, VSSLMS and NLMS algorithms have remained relatively ignored. The present paper reports the effects of dc offset on LMS algorithm and its four variations Sign LMS, Momentum LMS, variable stepsize LMS and normalized LMS algorithm which are analyzed with the help of computer simulation. It was found that the performance of the LMS, MLMS and VSSLMS algorithm is adversely affected by presence of DC offset where as the SLMS and NLMS algorithms perform better in the presence of dc offset. Index Terms — Adaptive equalization; DC offset, LMS algorithm, LMS derivatives, convergence, simulation
Haptic phonemes (2006)

A haptic phoneme represents the smallest unit of a constructed haptic signal to which a meaning can be assigned. These haptic phonemes can be combined serially or in parallel to form haptic words, or haptic icons, which can hold more elaborate meanings for their users. Here, we use phonemes which consist of brief (<2 seconds) haptic stimuli composed of a simple waveform at a constant frequency and amplitude. Building on previous results showing that a set of 12 such haptic stimuli can be perceptually distinguished, here we test learnability and recall of associations for arbitrarily chosen stimulus-meaning pairs. We found that users could consistently recall an arbitrary association between a haptic stimulus and its assigned arbitrary meaning in a 9-phoneme set, during a 45 minute test period following a reinforced learning stage.
Epidemiology and risk factors for osteonecrosis of the jaw in cancer patients (2010)

Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ), previously an entity associated with radiation therapy to the head and neck, has been observed in patients treated with bisphosphonates. Patients with metastatic breast cancer and myelomatous bone disease, commonly treated with high-potency nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates for a prolonged period of time, have the greatest risk of ONJ development. The reported frequency of ONJ ranges from 0.6% to 6.2% in breast cancer and from 1.7% to 15% in patients with multiple myeloma. Osteonecrosis of the jaw has also been observed in patients with other cancers such as prostate cancer and in benign bone disorders such as osteoporosis and Paget's disease in which the incidence is low. Risk factors associated with the development of ONJ include dental extractions, length of bisphosphonate treatment, and the type of bisphosphonate used. In this review, we summarize the reported incidence and risk factors associated with ONJ.
Percutaneous and Endoscopic Adhesiolysis in Managing Low Back and Lower Extremity Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. (2016)

Spinal pain, chronic low back pain, post lumbar surgery syndrome, epidural scarring, adhesiolysis, endoscopy, radicular pain.
A paradigmatic object-oriented programming language: Design, static typing and semantics (1994)

Abstract To illuminate the fundamental concepts involved in object-oriented programming languages, we describe the design of TOOPL, a paradigmatic, statically-typed, functional, object-oriented programming language which supports classes, objects, methods, hidden instance variables, subtypes and inheritance. It has proven to be quite difficult to design such a language which has a secure type system. A particular problem with statically type checking object-oriented languages is designing typechecking rules which ensure that methods provided in a superclass will continue to be type correct when inherited in a subclass. The type-checking rules for TOOPL have this feature, enabling library suppliers to provide only the interfaces of classes with actual executable code, while still allowing users to safely create subclasses. To achieve greater expressibility while retaining type-safety, we choose to separate the inheritance and subtyping hierarchy in the language. The design of TOOPL has been guided by an analysis of the semantics of the language, which is given in terms of a model of the F-bounded second-order lambda calculus with fixed points at both the element and type level. This semantics supports the language design by providing a means to prove that the type-checking rules are sound, thus guaranteeing that the language is type-safe. While the semantics of our language is rather complex, involving fixed points at both the element and type level, we believe that this reflects the inherent complexity of the basic features of object-oriented programming languages. Particularly complex features include the implicit recursion inherent in the use of the keyword, self , to refer to the current object, and its corresponding type, MyType . The notions of subclass and inheritance introduce the greatest semantic complexities, whereas the notion of subtype is more straightforward to deal with. Our semantic investigations lead us to recommend caution in the use of inheritance, since small changes to method definitions in subclasses can result in major changes to the meanings of the other methods of the class.