gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Review—Electrochemical Strategies for Selective Fluorination of Organic Compounds (2021)

The conventional methods for carrying out fluorination of organic compounds are typically conducted using a pre-modified starting material, usually expensive and toxic reagents. In this regard, electrochemical fluorination has been recognized as a sustainable and scalable strategy. Electrofluorination has proven to be an environmentally benign, highly effective, and versatile platform for the synthesis of selective organofluorine compounds under mild conditions. This review provides an overview on the use of anodic electrochemical methods for vicinal difluorination, iodofluorination, fluoroalkynylation, fluorodecarboxylation, fluoro desulfurization, radiofluorination, and synthesis of fluorinated heterocycles. Modern advances in the field of electrochemical fluorination, such as ionic liquids mediated electrochemical fluorination, triethylammonium halides, mixed non-aqueous solvents, alkali–metal fluoride, and split-bipolar electrodes in the field of electrochemical fluorination are also discussed.
Sepsis as 2 problems: Identifying sepsis at admission and predicting onset in the hospital using an electronic medical record–based acuity score (2016)

This approach yields good to excellent discriminatory performance among adult inpatients for predicting sepsis present on admission or developed within the hospital and may aid in the timely delivery of care.
Extracting Information From Previous Full-Dose CT Scan for Knowledge-Based Bayesian Reconstruction of Current Low-Dose CT Images (2015)

Advertisement, IEEE.
Pyrolysis of Organomercury Compounds: Investigation by the Method of Matrix Isolation (1971)

The method of matrix isolation has been used to investigate mechanisms of gas-phase chemical reactions, in particular the pyrolysis of some organomercury compounds. A molecular beam of pyrolysis products was condensed simultaneously with a large excess of rare gas at temperatures from 5 to 15 degrees K to form a matrix that was subsequently studied by infrared spectroscopy. In the case of C(6)H(5)HgCCl(3), we found that pyrolysis in the temperature range 220-400 degrees C produced mainly dichlorocarbene. In addition, some trichloromethyl radical was observed and increased in relative importance at increased temperatures. Another identified product of pyrolysis was C(6)H(5)HgCl. In general, the same reactive intermediates, CCl(2) and CCl(3), were found from pyrolysis of Hg(CCl(3))(2) in the temperature range 250-500 degrees C, along with CCl(3)HgCl and HgCl(2). The identity of CCl(2) and CCl(2) was demonstrated by measurement of the relative intensities and isotopic splittings of stretching vibrations due to the chlorine isotopes. Isotopic patterns found for CCl(2) are: v(3) (745.8, 744.0, 741.8 cm(-1)), v(1) (719.5, 717.0, 714.9 cm(-1)) and for CCl(3) are: v(3) (897.8, 896.4, 895.2, 893.9 cm(-1)). Less dilution with the rare gas or warming of the matrix produced a decrease of CCl(2) and CCl(3) spectral bands and an increase of bands due to C(2)Cl(4), C(2)Cl(6), and other products. These results show the usefulness of matrix isolation in the study of such reactive species as CCl(2) produced by pyrolysis in the gas phase.
Performance of frequency recovery algorithms for a poly-polarization multiplexing satellite system (2013)

Frequency recovery is a critical element in virtually all high data-rate communications systems, and in order to enhance the performance of our recently proposed poly-polarization multiplexing (PPM) satellite system, we have investigated the performance benefits of distributing the unique word (UW) symbols. The mean square error is calculated for different correlation based algorithms with increasing pilot spacing. We show that pilot separation provides an additional means to improve performance without increasing latency or complexity. A modified estimator is also proposed that can operate with an arbitrary UW symbol spacing and increased frequency offset range. The estimator performances are compared for different UW lengths, averaging sizes and pilot separation. A 0.67 dB gain was achieved at the BER of 1E-6 as pilot separation was increased from 4 to 8 using a modified L&R algorithm with LDPC and UW length 64.
EFFECT OF BUBBLE DIAMETER ON MODIFICATION OF TURBULENCE IN AN UPWARD PIPE FLOW (2003)

The objective of the present study is to elucidate the effect of dispersed bubble size on turbulence modification in vertically upward driven bubbly pipe flow. The experiment was conducted with void fractions of 0.5 and 1.0%. Liquid phase velocity is measured by particle image velocimetry with fluorescent tracer particles (PIV/LIF). Bubbles' size and velocity are estimated from the bubbles' image observed by projecting shadow image technique. Bubbles strongly accumulate near the wall and slide up. The high concentration of bubbles in the vicinity of the wall induce reduction of fluctuation velocity intensity. The effect of bubble-induced turbulence on the global pipe flow structure was discussed with the turbulent energy production and dissipation are estimated from experimental data, and local vortical structure around the bubbles.
Megalocytivirus infection in fish (2012)

Abstract Megalocytivirus is a newly discovered DNA‐virus from the Iridoviridae family that possesses icosahedral symmetry and has a size range of 140–200 nm diameter. Based on genetic differences, Megalocytivirus is divided into three major groups; infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus which is reported to cause disease in numerous marine and freshwater fish species, red sea bream iridovirus that mainly infects red sea bream [ Pagrus major (Temminck &amp; Schlegel 1843)] and turbot reddish body iridovirus that is reported to infect Asian flounder species. Megalocytivirus has not been studied as extensively as other genera in the Iridoviridae family until recently; these viruses have received the most attention in research due to the wider host range and cause significant mortality and economic losses in the aquaculture industry. This review provides information on taxonomy, viral properties, epizootic, pathology and diagnostics of Megalocytivirus infection in fish.
Responses to Methylphenidate and Varied Doses of Caffeine in Children with Attention Deficit Disorder (1981)

Six children with the diagnosis of Attention Deficit Disorder were treated as day hospital patients, using different stimulant medication. They were studied in a double-blind crossover experiment in which they received caffeine in low dose or in a high dose. Methylphenidate was added to both dosages, as well as administered alone. Results indicated that caffeine in low dosage when added to methylphenidate was superior to all other treatment conditions. Caffeine in low dosage could not be differentiated from 10 mg of methylphenidate. High dosage caffeine was not different from placebo or no-drug conditions. This study offers evidence to support a curvilinear pattern of dose-response for caffeine, in attenuating the behavioural manifestations of this syndrome.
ChemInform Abstract: Challenges for Academic Drug Discovery (2013)

Abstract Review: 17 refs.
Nesting in Euler Diagrams (2003)

This paper outlines the notion of nesting in Euler diagrams, and how nesting affects the interpretation and construction of such diagrams. After setting up the necessary definitions for Euler diagrams at concrete syntax and abstract levels, the notion of nestedness is introduced at the concrete level, then an equivalent notion is given at the abstract level. The natural progression to the diagram semantics is explored. In the final sections, we describe how this work supports tool-building for diagrams, and how effective we might expect this support to be in terms of the proportion of nested diagrams.
Studies of the Components of Crude Desertomycin Complex by Means of Electrospray and Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometric Techniques (1996)

By means of electrospray, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight and high resolution fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometric techniques some new components have been found in crude desertomycin complex and their molecular mass and characteristic structural features determined.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHETIC PATHWAYS IN BINUCLEAR MOLYBDENUM CHEMISTRY: μ‐ACETATO‐, CHLORO‐, AND TERTIARY PHOSPHINE DERIVATIVES: X‐RAY STRUCTURE DETERMINATION OF TRANS‐((MOCL(PBU3)(μ‐O2CME))2 (1983)

Abstract Die Einwirkung von SiMe 3 Cl (II) auf das dimere Mo‐acetat (I) in THF bewirkt Zersetzung unter Bildung von (III) (wenigstens zwei isomere Formen), dessen THF‐Liganden einem leichten Austausch mit tert. Phosphinen unter Bildung der Komplexe (IVa) und (IVb), unterliegen, deren Struktur unter vier bzw. drei (ohne die trans‐Verbindung (Va)) möglichen Isomeren nicht zugeordnet werden 12l M02 k o‐co‐ Me) ., ‐+ L kann, obwohl für (IVa) trans‐Anordnung der Acetatgruppen wahrscheinlich ist.
Development and Validation of a Rapid and Reliable Method for <i>TPMT</i> Genotyping using real-time PCR (2012)

A new high-throughput genotyping method could be successfully established and optimised for the commonly found mutant alleles TPMT*2 (G238C), TPMT*3A (G460A and A719G), TPMT*3B (G460A), and TPMT*3C (A719G) via real-time PCR on the LightCycler (Roche) instrument and using the standard PCR-RFLP as reference method.
Impacts of HONO sources on the photochemistry in Mexico City during the MCMA-2006/MILAGO Campaign (2010)

Abstract. The contribution of HONO sources to the photochemistry in Mexico City is investigated during the MCMA-2006/MILAGO Campaign using the WRF-CHEM model. Besides the homogeneous reaction of NO with OH, four additional HONO sources are considered in the WRF-CHEM model: secondary HONO formation from NO2 heterogeneous reaction with semivolatile organics, NO2 reaction with freshly emitted soot, NO2 heterogeneous reaction on aerosol and ground surfaces. The WRF-CHEM model with the five HONO sources performs reasonably well in tracking the observed diurnal variation of HONO concentrations. The HONO sources included are found to significantly improve the HOx (OH+HO2) simulations during daytime and the partition of NO/NO2 in the morning. The HONO sources also accelerate the accumulation of O3 concentrations in the morning by about 2 h and subsequently result in a noticeable enhancement of O3 concentrations over the course of the day with a midday average of about 6 ppb. Furthermore, these HONO sources play a very important role in the formation of secondary aerosols in the morning. They substantially enhance the secondary organic aerosol concentrations by a factor of 2 on average in the morning, although contribute less during the rest of the day. The simulated nitrate and ammonium aerosols are also remarkably enhanced in the morning when the four HONO sources are added, in good agreement with the measurements. The impact of the HONO sources on the sulfate aerosols is negligible because of the inefficient conversion of H2SO4 from SO2 reacting with OH.
The cost of limit-cycle elimination in IIR digital filters using multiplier blocks (2002)

Multiplier blocks significantly reduce the cost of multiplication in digital filters, especially in structures that allow large numbers of products of a single multiplicand. Some such structures, the direct form and cascaded second-order sections, have previously been shown to be less costly than the wave structure. In this paper, the effects of eliminating zero-input limit-cycles (LC), hereinafter called simply "limit-cycles", from these structures is examined. The direct form no longer competes with the wave structure, but the cascade structure is still found to be the most cost-efficient.
Highly Elevated Cerebrospinal Fluid Total Tau Level Reflects Higher Likelihood of Non-Amnestic Subtype of Alzheimer’s Disease (2019)

Highly elevated CSF t-tau levels could indicate more cortical involvement presenting with early non-amnestic symptoms in atypical AD subtypes, particularly in the logopenic variant.
15.2: WITHDRAWN 15.3: Stabile AMOLED Displays by Process Tuning and Backplane‐OLED Compensation (2012)

Abstract Although IGNIS technology support any type of backplane, we believe a‐Si:H backplanes have significant advantages for a wide range of applications. This paper studies how the first product‐ready a‐Si:H AMOLED works for applications ranging from mobile displays to large high‐frame rate displays intended for TV.
Modified internucleoside linkages for nuclease-resistant oligonucleotides (2020)

In the past few years, several drugs derived from nucleic acids have been approved for commercialization and many more are in clinical trials. The sensitivity of these molecules to nuclease digestion <i>in vivo</i> implies the need to exploit resistant non-natural nucleotides. Among all the possible modifications, the one concerning the internucleoside linkage is of particular interest. Indeed minor changes to the natural phosphodiester may result in major modifications of the physico-chemical properties of nucleic acids. As this linkage is a key element of nucleic acids' chemical structures, its alteration can strongly modulate the plasma stability, binding properties, solubility, cell penetration and ultimately biological activity of nucleic acids. Over the past few decades, many research groups have provided knowledge about non-natural internucleoside linkage properties and participated in building biologically active nucleic acid derivatives. The recent renewing interest in nucleic acids as drugs, demonstrated by the emergence of new antisense, siRNA, aptamer and cyclic dinucleotide molecules, justifies the review of all these studies in order to provide new perspectives in this field. Thus, in this review we aim at providing the reader insights into modified internucleoside linkages that have been described over the years whose impact on annealing properties and resistance to nucleases have been evaluated in order to assess their potential for biological applications. The syntheses of modified nucleotides as well as the protocols developed for their incorporation within oligonucleotides are described. Given the intended biological applications, the modifications described in the literature that have not been tested for their resistance to nucleases are not reported.
Self-Organization in Community Mesh Networks The Berlin RoofNet (2006)

A community network must be usable for inexperienced end users; thus self-organization is essential. On the one hand, we propose an approach for self-organization in ad-hoc wireless multi-hop mesh networks, where the client is fully freed from such mundane tasks as IP configuration, etc. On the other hand, the community mesh network itself is fully self-organized thus no operator or provider is required. We present the architecture of the Berlin RoofNet (BRN) and a distributed realization of services like DHCP, ARP and Internet gateway discovery and selection. In addition, results of a detailed simulation and experimental evaluation comparing our distributed hash table based approach to traditional methods are presented. We show that our approach is more reliable, efficient and responsive
Conditions for Quantitation of Dolichyl Phosphate, Dolichol, Ubiquinone and Cholesterol by HPLC (1989)

Conditions for the isolation and quantitation of dolichyl phosphate, dolichol, cholesterol, and ubiquinone by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography were investigated. A simple and fast sample preparation procedure using prepacked mini columns was employed. The UV spectra of the fractions obtained were examined and, in the case of dolichol compounds, the maximum absorbance around 205 nm was shown to be linearly dependent on the number of double bonds present in the isoprenolog. The analytical procedure described shows a very broad range of linearity (five orders of magnitude) and detects single dolichyl phosphate isoprenologs in amounts as small as 0.1 ng. The lowest overall recovery, that for dolichyl phosphate, is 77%. Use of isoprenolog 23 and ergosterol as internal standards reduced the variation in the method to 2.5, 4.0 and 5.5% for cholesterol, dolichyl phosphate and dolichol, respectively. The method described was employed to study the lipid composition of rat organs and biological variations in these compositions.
From the Editors of the Special Issue on Wireless Sensor Networks and Remote Sensing for Environmental Applications (2019)

bservation and monitoring of our Planet at a local and global level has been attracting more and more interest in the last decades in order to provide information helpful to improve the life of human beings. Several issues can be assessed from weather and pollution monitoring to geohazard evaluation, and to this aim, several technological solutions coming from sensor networks, wireless sensor networks, and satellite remote sensing application may be used.
From naive to scientific understanding of motion and its causes (2015)

The difference in the descriptions of motion phenomena made by pupils in the first grades of secondary school and physicists is quite evident. Conceptual metaphors hidden in language suggest that there is continuity between the&#13;\nconceptual structure involved in the description and the interpretation of motion of experts and laypersons. In this paper the presence of such a continuity is shown through a metaphor analysis of linguistic expressions from both groups.
Risk Characterization, Assessment, and Management of Organic Pollutants in Beneficially Used Residual Products (2005)

A wide array of organic chemicals occur in biosolids and other residuals recycled to land. The extent of our knowledge about the chemicals and the impact on recycling programs varies from high to very low. Two significant challenges in regulating these materials are to accurately determine the concentrations of the organic compounds in residuals and to appropriately estimate the risk that the chemicals present from land application or public distribution. This paper examines both challenges and offers strategies for assessing the risks related to the occurrence of organic compounds in residuals used as soil amendments. Important attributes that must be understood to appropriately characterize and manage the potential risks for organic chemicals in biosolids include toxicity and dose response, transport potential, chemical structure and environmental stability, analytical capability in the matrix of interest, concentrations and persistence in waste streams, plant uptake, availability from surface application versus incorporation, solubility factors, and environmental fate. This information is complete for only a few chemicals. Questions persist about the far greater number of chemicals for which toxicity and environmental behavior are less well understood. This paper provides a synopsis of analytical issues, risk assessment methodologies, and risk management screening alternatives for organic constituents in biosolids. Examples from experience in Wisconsin are emphasized but can be extrapolated for broader application.
Measurements and Analysis of Lightning-Induced Voltages in Aircraft Electrical Circuits (1970)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A series of measurements was made of voltages induced in electrical circuits within a metallic aircraft wing by full-scale simulated lightning currents flowing through its skin and structure. The measured data were mathematically analyzed to enable determination of voltages across load impedances to which the circuits might be connected elsewhere in the aircraft. Relationships between induced voltages and lightning current, wing structural, and circuit parameters were determined. Induced voltages of magnitudes likely to cause damage or interference with avionics were measured.&lt;/div&gt;
Spray Rolling Aluminum Strip for Transportation Applications (2005)

This is a preprint of a paper intended for publication in a journal or proceedings. Since changes may be made before publication, this preprint should not be cited or reproduced without permission of the author. This document was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, or any of their employees, makes any warranty, expressed or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for any third party&amp;apos;s use, or the results of such use, of any information, apparatus, product or process disclosed in this report, or represents that its use by such third party would not infringe privately owned rights. The views expressed in this paper are not necessarily those of the U.S. Government or the sponsoring agency.
Dual strip weaving (2014)

We introduce Dual Strip Weaving , a novel concept for the interactive design of quad layouts, i.e. partitionings of freeform surfaces into quadrilateral patch networks. In contrast to established tools for the design of quad layouts or subdivision base meshes, which are often based on creating individual vertices, edges, and quads, our method takes a more global perspective, operating on a higher level of abstraction: the atomic operation of our method is the creation of an entire cyclic strip, delineating a large number of quad patches at once. The global consistency-preserving nature of this approach reduces demands on the user's expertise by requiring less advance planning. Efficiency is achieved using a novel method at the heart of our system, which automatically proposes geometrically and topologically suitable strips to the user. Based on this we provide interaction tools to influence the design process to any desired degree and visual guides to support the user in this task.
Data Protection for Cross-Border Live Migration in Multi-cloud Environment (2016)

This paper presents a data protection mechanism for a live migration process. The proposed data protection mechanism verifies whether it is permissible for the data of an application of a movement source to be duplicated to a movement destination based on the contents of regulations related to data use issued by organizations and countries at the start of a live migration process. The mechanism executes live migration only when duplication is permitted. This mechanism makes appropriate data use possible while protecting privacy during a live migration process.
Structural Insights into the Inactive Subunit of the Apicoplast-localized Caseinolytic Protease Complex of Plasmodium falciparum (2012)

The ATP-dependent caseinolytic protease, ClpP, is highly conserved in bacteria and in the organelles of different organisms. In cyanobacteria, plant plastids, and the apicoplast of the genus Plasmodium, a noncatalytic paralog of ClpP, termed ClpR, has been identified. ClpRs are found to form heterocomplexes with ClpP resulting in a ClpRP tetradecameric cylinder having less than 14 catalytic triads. The exact role of ClpR in such a complex remains enigmatic. Here we describe the x-ray crystal structure of ClpR protein heptamer from Plasmodium falciparum (PfClpR). This is the first structure of a ClpR protein. The structure shows that the PfClpR monomer adopts a fold similar to that of ClpP, but has a unique motif, which we named the R-motif, forming a β turn located near the inactive catalytic triad in a three-dimensional space. The PfClpR heptamer exhibits a more open and flat ring than a ClpP heptamer. PfClpR was localized in the P. falciparum apicoplast as is the case of PfClpP. However, biochemical and structural data suggest that, contrary to what has been observed in other organisms, PfClpP and PfClpR do not form a stable heterocomplex in the apicoplast of P. falciparum.