gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Reactivity of an Iridium(I) Acetonyl PNP Complex. Experimental and Computational Study of Metal−Ligand Cooperation in H−H and C−H Bond Activation via Reversible Ligand Dearomatization (2010)

The complex (PNP)IrI(CH2COCH3) 2 (PNP = 2,6-bis((di-tert-butylphosphino)methyl)pyridine) was prepared by reaction of the dearomatized, electron-rich complex (PNP*)IrI(COE) (1; PNP* = deprotonated PNP, COE = cyclooctene) with acetone. Upon treatment with CO, complex 2 undergoes a surprising elimination of acetone to form the dearomatized species (PNP*)IrI(CO) (4), involving proton migration from the ligand “arm” to the acetonyl moiety. DFT studies reveal that this process occurs via the square-pyramidal intermediate 2+CO, formed upon CO coordination to 2, in which the acetonyl moiety is located at the apical position prior to proton migration. Reaction of 2 with H2 (D2) indicates an equilibrium between complex 2 and the nonaromatic (PNP*)IrIII(H)(CH2COCH3) complex 2b, which is the species that actually activates H2 to exclusively form the trans-dihydride (PNP)IrIII(H)2(CH2COCH3) (5a) and activates D2 to form the trans-hydride−deuteride 5b with benzylic-D incorporation, as also corroborated by DFT studies. Interestingly, benzene C−H activation by complex 2 results in formation of the complex (PNP)IrI(C6H5) (6a) and elimination of acetone. DFT studies show that the benzene C−H bond is actually activated by the dearomatized “bare” (PNP*)IrI intermediate 2c, formed upon acetone elimination from 2.
Generation and intensity-correlation measurements of the real Gaussian field (1990)

The generation of a broadband laser field with well-defined and controllable statistical properties, known as the real Gaussian laser field, has been achieved through the random modulation of the amplitude of a stabilized laser beam. The verification of the field-generation technique is provided by measurements of the laser power spectrum (Lorentzian) and by measurements of the intensity autocorrelation function. The latter is shown to decrease exponentially from an initial value of nearly 3 to a final value of 1 with a decay time related to the inverse bandwidth of the field. The techniques for generating this field and for its characterization are discussed in this paper.
Hartmann-Shack analysis errors (2006)

A theoretical model for reconstruction errors in the Hartmann-Shack wave-front sensor was constructed. The measured pattern of a regulargrid of spots can be analyzed by their individual centroiding or by a globalFourier demodulation. We investigate pixelization errors in the cameraand Poisson errors in the camera pixels. We show that by the Fourier demodulation technique it is possible to overcome pixelization errors which occur in the traditional centroid technique. By supporting simulations we show that the two methods coincide for an infinite number of pixels per spot.
Absolute frequency measurements of CO2 transitions at 4.3 μm with a comb-referenced quantum cascade laser (2013)

The infrared spectrum of the (0111–0110) ro-vibrational band of 12C16O2 in the range 2306–2312 cm−1 is investigated with saturated-absorption sub-Doppler spectroscopy. The absolute frequencies of six transitions belonging to the P-branch of this band are measured by recording their Lamb-dip features in a pump-probe detection scheme employing a room-temperature quantum cascade laser. The laser is phase-locked to a subkilohertz-linewidth difference-frequency-generated radiation source, which is referenced to an optical frequency comb synthesiser. The achieved relative uncertainties range from 1×10−11 to 5×10−11, improving by three to four orders of magnitude the previous tabulated values for such frequencies. Moreover, thanks to this precision level, self-pressure-shift coefficients due to collisional processes of CO2 molecules are reported for the first time.
Vertical SiGe-base bipolar transistors on CMOS-compatible SOI substrate (2003)

We present a comprehensive study of the DC, RF and circuit performance of vertical SiGe-base npn bipolar transistors on 120nm SOI. It includes the sensitivity of device performance to collector doping N/sub C/, layout, and SOI substrate bias. At large positive substrate bias, measured peak f/sub T/, f/sub MAX/ and ECL ring oscillator speed for nominal 180nm devices are 60GHz, 57GHz and 20psec for N/sub C/=1.5/spl times/10/sup 17//cm/sup 3/ respectively, and 71GHz, 54GHz and 18psec for N/sub C/=4.8/spl times/10/sup 17//cm/sup 3/ respectively. Projected f/sub T/ for a scaled 100nm device on 55nm SOI approaches 200GHz.
Successive‐ganzfeld haploscopic viewing technique for color‐appearance research (1994)

Abstract A new experimental technique for color appearance research is described. This technique, successive‐Ganzfeld haploscopic viewing, combines advantages of traditional haploscopic and successive‐haploscopic techniques with modifications that provide a more amenable viewing situation for the observer. This note reviews the need for haploscopic viewing techniques in color appearance research and the pros and cons of traditional techniques. and outlines the implementation of the new technique along with current and potential applications.
Pressor and mesenteric arterial hyporesponsiveness to angiotensin II is an early event in haemorrhagic hypotension in anaesthetised rats (1999)

Systemic pressor responsiveness and mesenteric arterial reactivity to endogenous and exogenous angiotensin II is selectively impaired at an early stage of haemorrhagic hypotension. This phenomenon partially involves NO and is not related to ATP-sensitive K+ channels.
Comparative evaluation of aqueous and plasma concentration of topical moxifloxacin alone and with flurbiprofen in patients of cataract (2013)

Flurbiprofen may increase the concentration of moxifloxacin in aqueous humor.
Unambiguous Acquisition/Tracking Technique Based on Sub-Correlation Functions for GNSS Sine-BOC Signals (2020)

The autocorrelation function (ACF) of the Binary Offset Carrier modulation (BOC) signal for Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) has multiple peaks, ambiguity is easily generated during the synchronization of the baseband signal. Some methods have been proposed to remove the ambiguity, but the performance is not suitable for high-order BOC signals or does not maintain narrow correlation characteristics. This paper proposes a sub-function reconstruction synchronization algorithm to solve this problem, of which the key is to design a new local auxiliary code: the local Pseudo-Random Noise (PRN) code is divided into several new codes with different delays. The auxiliary code performs a coherent integration operation with the received signal. Then, a correlation function without any positive side peaks is obtained by multiplying the two correlation results to make the acquisition/tracking completely unambiguous. The paper gives a design scheme of navigation signal acquisition/tracking and deduces the theoretical analysis of detection performance. The phase discrimination function is provided. The performance of the method is analyzed from both theoretical and simulation aspects. Compared with the Binary phase shift keying-like (BPSK-LIKE) method, Subcarrier Phase Cancellation (SCPC) method and the Autocorrelation Side-Peak Cancellation Technique (ASPeCT) method, the proposed method has the best detection probability for the acquisition, which is 0.5 dB-Hz better than ASPeCT. For tracking, the proposed method performs best in terms of phase-detection curve, anti-multipath performance, and anti-noise performance. For high-order BOC signals, the SRSA technique successfully removes the false lock points, and there is only one multipath error envelope, and the code tracking error is almost the same as the ASPeCT method.
Action of metoclopramide on gastric emptying and small bowel transit time. (1968)

From the
Mask cost reduction with circuit performance consideration for self-aligned double patterning (2011)

Double patterning lithography (DPL) is the enabling technology for printing in sub-32nm nodes. In the EDA literature, researchers have been focusing on double-exposure double-patterning (DEDP) DPL for printing arbitrary 2D features where the layout decomposition problem for double exposure is an interesting graph coloring problem. But due to overlay errors, it is very difficult for DEDP to print even 1D features. A more promising DPL technology is self-aligned double patterning (SADP) for 1D design. SADP first prints dense lines and then trims away the portions not on the design by a cut mask. The complexity of cut mask is very high, adding to the skyrocketing manufacturing cost. In this paper we present a mask cost reduction method with circuit performance consideration for SADP. This is the first paper to focus on the mask cost reduction issue for SADP from a design perspective. We simplify the polygons on the cut mask, by formulating the problem as a constrained shortest path problem. Experimental results show that with a set of layouts in 28nm technology, we can largely reduce the complexity of cut polygons, with little impact on performance.
An Analysis on Time- and Session-aware Diversification in Recommender Systems (2017)

In modern recommender systems, diversity has been widely acknowledged as an important factor to improve user experience and, more recently, intent-aware approaches to diversification have been proposed to provide the user with a list of recommendations covering different aspects of her behavior. In this paper, we propose and analyze the performances of two diversification methods taking into account temporal aspects of the user profile: in the first one we adopt a temporal decay function to emphasize the importance of more recent items in the user profile while in the second one we perform an evaluation based on the identification and analysis of temporal sessions. The two proposed methods have been implemented as temporal variants of the well-known xQuAD framework. In both cases, experimental results on Netflix 100M show an improvement in terms of accuracy-diversity balance.
Strategic Design of Highly Concentrated Electrolyte Solutions for Mg2+/Li+ Dual-Salt Hybrid Batteries (2018)

The available capacity of Mg hybrid batteries is closely related to the number of charge carriers within electrolyte solutions. Therefore, in this study, a dual-salt composition capable of supplying high Li+ concentration was prepared. A dual-salt electrolyte consisting of a LiAlCl4 complex (LACC) and LiN(SO2CF3)2 (LiTFSI) was found to be an excellent candidate, providing 2.2 M Li+ concentration along with anodic stability up to 3 V (vs Mg/Mg2+). However, the LACC moiety of the above composition first had to undergo a two-step modification procedure comprising “Mg powder treatment” and “conditioning process” to properly implement Mg deposition and stripping at the Mg anode. Spontaneous substitutions of oxidation states between the anionic Al3+ complex and metallic Mg induced by these processes resulted in the generation of Mg2+ complex species within the LACC solutions. The modified LACC was compatible even with 2 M of LiTFSI, the concentration with which we achieved 150 mA h g–1 capacity of a FePO4 cathode at 1.5 mg cm–2 loading density, when using an electrolyte volume of only 25.5 μL cm–2.
A key-code watermarking algorithm for video content protection (2010)

The popularity of multimedia service over Internet has created the needs for efficient digital right management technology. In recent years, many researchers have focused on how to protect and control multimedia contents from the unauthorized usage. In this paper, we propose a fast and reliable digital right management algorithm based on digital watermarking for real time video contents protection. In the proposed algorithm, video is encrypted and transmitted to the receiver. At the receiver side, the use with the correct key can decrypt the video content and the video is watermarked with user ID at the receiver. The watermarked video can be used to trace illegal distribution. By using this algorithm, there is no need for transmitting different version of video to different user.
The AmiE aliphatic amidase and AmiF formamidase of Helicobacter pylori: natural evolution of two enzyme paralogues (2001)

Aliphatic amidases (EC 3.5.1.4) are enzymes catalysing the hydrolysis of short-chain amides to produce ammonia and the corresponding organic acid. Such an amidase, AmiE, has been detected previously in Helicobacter pylori. Analysis of the complete H. pylori genome sequence revealed the existence of a duplicated amidase gene that we named amiF. The corresponding AmiF protein is 34% identical to its AmiE paralogue. Because gene duplication is widely considered to be a fundamental process in the acquisition of novel enzymatic functions, we decided to study and compare the functions of the paralogous amidases of H. pylori. AmiE and AmiF proteins were overproduced in Escherichia coli and purified by a two-step chromatographic procedure. The two H. pylori amidases could be distinguished by different biochemical characteristics such as optimum pH or temperature. AmiE hydrolysed propionamide, acetamide and acrylamide and had no activity with formamide. AmiF presented an unexpected substrate specificity: it only hydrolysed formamide. AmiF is thus the first formamidase (EC 3.5.1.49) related to aliphatic amidases to be described. Cys-165 in AmiE and Cys-166 in AmiF were identified as residues essential for catalysis of the corresponding enzymes. H. pylori strains carrying single and double mutations of amiE and amiF were constructed. The substrate specificities of these enzymes were confirmed in H. pylori. Production of AmiE and AmiF proteins is dependent on the activity of other enzymes involved in the nitrogen metabolism of H. pylori (urease and arginase respectively). Our results strongly suggest that (i) the H. pylori paralogous amidases have evolved to achieve enzymatic specialization after ancestral gene duplication; and (ii) the production of these enzymes is regulated to maintain intracellular nitrogen balance in H. pylori.
A structure–gelation ability study in a short peptide-based ‘Super Hydrogelator’ system (2011)

The development of small molecules that can efficiently gel water is of great interest for researchers in the field of self-assembly. We recently found that a short peptide-based molecule (Nap-GFFpY-OMe) could form hydrogels at a minimum gelation concentration of 0.01 wt% after enzymatic conversion, which was the most efficient small molecular hydrogelator reported up to now. In order to study the relationship between the chemical structure and the gelation ability for these short peptide-based gelators, we designed and synthesized a small library of compounds with similar chemical structures to Nap-GFFpY-OMe. They have different capping groups for the amine on glycine (G), different numbers of glycines, different numbers of phenylalanines (F), and different groups at the C-terminus of the peptides. Based on the results, we concluded that the compounds were ‘super gelators’ when their amine capping group was naphthalene, the number of G residues was odd (one and three), the number of F residues was two, and the C-terminus of the peptide was a methyl ester. We found that 10 compounds within the library could form hydrogels and the hydrogels were characterized by rheology, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and fluorescence spectroscopy. The cytotoxicity of all the precursors of the gelators were also evaluated by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and we found that three precursors possessed obviously bigger IC50 values than their corresponding minimum gelation concentrations (MGCs). This study not only suggests the potential applications of our gel system in biomedical fields, but also provides useful information for the molecular design of short peptide-based hydrogelators with excellent gelation abilities.
The importance of stretch and contractile activity in the prevention of connective tissue accumulation in muscle. (1988)

The loss of serial sarcomeres which results when muscles are immobilised in a shortened position is accompanied by an increase in the proportion of collagen and an increased muscle stiffness. In order to determine whether it is lack of stretch or lack of contractile activity which is the main factor involved in these changes experiments were carried out using different combinations of immobilisation and electrical stimulation. It was found that the connective tissue accumulation that occurs in inactive muscles can be prevented either by passive stretch or by active stimulation. It was also shown that in muscle that is working over a reduced range there is, as in muscle immobilised in the shortened position, a reduction in serial sarcomeres. In this case, however, there is no concomitant increase in connective tissue, again indicating that contractile activity is important for the maintenance of normal muscle compliance.
Octahedral Adducts of Dichlorosilane with Substituted Pyridines: Synthesis, Reactivity and a Comparison of Their Structures and 29Si NMR Chemical Shifts (2008)

H(2)SiCl(2) and substituted pyridines (Rpy) form adducts of the type all-trans-SiH(2*)Cl(2)2 Rpy. Pyridines with substituents in the 4- (CH(3), C(2)H(5), H(2)C=CH, (CH(3))(3)C, (CH(3))(2)N) and 3-positions (Br) give the colourless solids 1 a-f. The reaction with pyrazine results in the first 1:2 adduct (2) of H(2)SiCl(2) with an electron-deficient heteroaromatic compound. Treatment of 1 d and 1 e with CHCl(3) yields the ionic complexes [SiH(2)(Rpy)(4)]Cl(2*)6 CHCl(3) (Rpy=4-methylpyridine (3 d) and 4-ethylpyridine (3 e)). All products are investigated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and (29)Si CP/MAS NMR spectroscopy. The Si atoms are found to be situated on centres of symmetry (inversion, rotation), and the Si-N distances vary between 193.3 pm for 1 c (4-(dimethylamino)pyridine complex) and 197.3 pm for 2. Interestingly, the pyridine moieties are coplanar and nearly in an eclipsed position with respect to the SiH(2) units, except for the ethyl-substituted derivative 1 e, which shows a more staggered conformation in the solid state. Calculation of the energy profile for the rotation of one pyridine ring indicates two minima that are separated by only 1.2 kJ mol(-1) and a maximum barrier of 12.5 kJ mol(-1). The (29)Si NMR chemical shifts (delta(iso)) range from -145.2 to -152.2 ppm and correlate with the electron density at the Si atoms, in other words with the +I and +M effects of the substituents. Again, compound 1 e is an exception and shows the highest shielding. The bonding situation at the Si atoms and the (29)Si NMR tensor components are analysed by quantum chemical methods at the density functional theory level. The natural bond orbital analysis indicates polar covalent Si-H bonds and very polar Si-Cl bonds, with the highest bond polarisation being observed for the Si-N interaction, which must be considered a donor-acceptor interaction. An analysis of the topological properties of the electron distribution (AIM) suggests a Lewis structure, thereby supporting this bonding situation.
Resonance Measurement of Nonlocal Spin Torque in a Three-Terminal Magnetic Device (2012)

A pure spin current generated within a nonlocal spin valve can exert a spin-transfer torque on a nanomagnet. This nonlocal torque enables new design schemes for magnetic memory devices that do not require the application of large voltages across tunnel barriers that can suffer electrical breakdown. Here we report a quantitative measurement of this nonlocal spin torque using spin-torque-driven ferromagnetic resonance. Our measurement agrees well with the prediction of an effective circuit model for spin transport. Based on this model, we suggest strategies for optimizing the strength of nonlocal torque.
Reperfusion-Induced Arrhythmias and Free Radicals (1987)

We have shown that the free radical spin trap DMPO (5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide) reduces reperfusion-induced arrhythmias in a dose-dependent manner in the isolated perfused rat heart subjected to 10 min regional ischemia and 3 min reperfusion. At its optimal concentration (1,000 mumol/L) DMPO, added to the perfusate 5 min prior to ischemia, reduced (p less than 0.05) the incidence of reperfusion-induced irreversible ventricular fibrillation from 83 (10 of 12) to 33% (4 of 12). When hearts were subjected to ischemia (10 min) and reperfusion, with DMPO (1,000 mumol/L) added to the perfusion fluid only 2 min before reperfusion, comparable protection was observed. To ascertain whether or not DMPO achieved an absolute reduction in vulnerability to arrhythmias irrespective of the duration of ischemia, hearts (12 for each group) were also subjected to 5, 10, 20, 30, or 40 min of ischemia; DMPO (1,000 mumol/L) was added to the perfusate either 5 min before ischemia or 2 min before reperfusion. In each instance a bell-shaped time-response profile was obtained. In the DMPO-free controls this gave a maximal vulnerability to arrhythmias after 10 min of ischemia. In the DMPO-treated hearts this curve was shifted to the right, with a peak vulnerability at 20 min. These results indicate that the primary action of DMPO is to exert a delaying effect which extends the duration of ischemia that can be tolerated before the heart becomes vulnerable to reperfusion-induced arrhythmias. However, this effect is achieved during the reperfusion period and not during the preceding period of ischemia. The precise mechanism by which this free radical spin trapping agent achieves this unusual effect remains to be resolved, but in studies with light-inactivated DMPO, this protective effect was lost, indicating that its ability to be oxidized, possibly by superoxide or hydroxyl radicals, may be critical to its mechanism of action.
Exploring Positive Noise in Estimation Theory (2020)

Estimation of the mean of a stochastic variable observed in noise with positive support is considered. It is well known from the literature that order statistics gives one order of magnitude lower estimation variance compared to the best linear unbiased estimator (BLUE). We provide a systematic survey of some common distributions with positive support, and provide derivations of minimum variance unbiased estimators (MVUE) based on order statistics, including BLUE for comparison. The estimators are derived with or without knowledge of the hyperparameters of the underlying noise distribution. Though the uniform, exponential and Rayleigh distributions, respectively, we consider are standard in literature, the problem of estimating the location parameter with additive noise from these distribution seems less studied, and we have not found any explicit expressions for BLUE and MVUE for these cases. In addition to additive noise with positive support, we also consider the mixture of uniform and normal noise distribution for which an order statistics-based unbiased estimator is derived. Finally, an iterative global navigation satellite system (GNSS) localization algorithm with uncertain pseudorange measurements is proposed which relies on the derived estimators for receiver clock bias estimation. Simulation data for GNSS time estimation and experimental GNSS data for joint clock bias and position estimation are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed methods.