gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Overlooked Factors Required for Electrolyte Solvents in Li–O2 Batteries: Capabilities of Quenching 1O2 and Forming Highly‐Decomposable Li2O2 (2022)

Although sufficient tolerance against attack by superoxide radicals (O<sub>2</sub> <sup>-</sup> ) has been mainly recognized as an important property for Li-O<sub>2</sub> battery (LOB) electrolytes, recent evidence has revealed that other critical factors also govern the cyclability, prompting a reconsideration of the basic design guidelines of LOB electrolytes. Here, we found that LOBs equipped with a N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA)-based electrolyte exhibited better cyclability compared with other standard LOB electrolytes. This superior cyclability is attributable to the capabilities of quenching <sup>1</sup> O<sub>2</sub> and forming highly decomposable Li<sub>2</sub> O<sub>2</sub> . The <sup>1</sup> O<sub>2</sub> quenching capability is equivalent to that of a tetraglyme-based electrolyte containing a several millimolar concentration of a typical chemical quencher. Based on these overlooked factors, the DMA-based electrolyte led to superior cyclability despite its lower O<sub>2</sub> <sup>-</sup> tolerance. Thus, the present work provides a novel design guideline for the development of LOB electrolytes.
Biomethanol production from various forms of biomass utilization of forage grasses, trees, and crop residues (2008)

With a wide array of potentially renewable energy resources, the concept and proposed benefits evolving from the use of biofuels are inspiring. Recently, a new approach for gasification of biomass by partial oxidation and subsequent biomethanol production has been developed and is being evaluated at the “Norin Green No. 1 (renamed as Norin Biomass No. 1) test plant in Nagasaki, Japan. To determine a useful protocol for producing biomethanol, various kinds of biomass resources, such as sawdust and bark of Japanese cedar, chipped Japanese larch, bamboo, salix, cut waste wood from demolition sites, sorghum and bran straw, and husks of rice were evaluated for their biofuel-use characteristics. From this analysis, lignocellulosic resources (wood materials) and rice bran were determined to produce the highest methanol yield (55% by weight), whereas rice straw and husks were determined to produce lower methanol yields of 36% and 39%, respectively. On the basis of the data obtained from the test plant, the net heat yield by the methanol production of a full-scale commercial plant was estimated to be ca. 40 %. Each of these products represents a clean material, readily obtained and highly useful for biomethanol production. The data suggests that about 22.7 million tons of biomethanol will be annually produced from crop residues and forest industries in Japan if we would apply this technology to biomass feedstocks. The data also suggests that 29.3 million tons of biomethanol will be produced only from byproducts of palm oil industry in Malaysia, and 21.2, 1.4 and 0.53 million tons of biomethanol will be produced from the palm oil industry in Indonesia, Thailand, and China, respectively. Developing nations interested in constructing a national energy policy should focus upon the establishment of a biofuel-based economy. Recycling of agricultural and forest industry by-products has been previously shown to reduce the demand for fossil fuels and provide a more ecologically friendly energy resource. Our research suggests that additional sources of biomethanol production could be developed through the utilization of cellulosic and lignocellulosic raw materials.
An Offline Framework for Handling Automatic Passenger Counting Raw Data (2014)

Knowledge of ridership data on bus routes is pivotal for the quality and efficient operational planning of public transport companies. Automatic passenger counting (APC) can represent a powerful resource for supporting this activity, because it can provide a databank of accurate counts. However, relevant challenges, such as the matching of data to the bus stop, data validation, tackling anomalies, and building intelligible performance reports, must be faced in order to make APC data a mainstream source of information. This paper proposes an offline framework for addressing these challenges. In order to illustrate a possible application of the framework, its use for setting bus frequencies is investigated. The results are represented by easy-to-read control dashboards composed of tables and graphs. The methodology is experimentally tested with data records provided by the bus operator CTM in Cagliari, Italy. Finally, we discuss the implications on service rearrangement.
Determination of Metal-Chelate Complex Solubilities in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (1996)

With new interest in the processing of heavy metals by chelation incorporated with supercritical fluid extraction, an accurate metal-chelate complex solubility database has become increasingly important. To measure these solubilities, a dynamic measurement technique was developed to determine organometallic complex solubility as well as chelate agent or ligand solubility in supercritical carbon dioxide. This technique utilizes a mixed-solvent stream to eliminate potential clogging and pressure increases during expansion, problems inherent with most dynamic techniques used to measure solubilities in supercritical fluids. In addition, the technique may be readily used in conjunction with basically any analytical chemical method. After proving the accuracy of the new method by measuring phenanthrene solubility in supercritical carbon dioxide, solubility measurements of two commercially available chelate complexes, cupric acetylacetonate and diethyldithiocarbomate copper salt, were made at near ambient temperatures. A thermodynamic model was then incorporated to predict solubility in supercritical carbon dioxide at varying operational conditions. The model uses Peng−Robinson equation of state and van der Waals-1 mixing rules.
Seizures in Sotos syndrome: Phenotyping in 49 patients (2021)

We aimed to describe the phenotypic spectrum of seizures in Sotos syndrome, a genetic condition involving overgrowth, macrocephaly, dysmorphic features, and learning disability, in which 60%-90% have NSD1 pathogenic variants. Patients were recruited from clinics and referral from support groups. Those with seizures and a clinical diagnosis of Sotos syndrome were included. Phenotyping data were collected via structured clinical interview and chart review. Forty-nine patients were included. Twenty had NSD1 testing results available; of these, 15 (75%) had NSD1 pathogenic variants. Seizure onset age ranged from 3 months to 12 years. Staring spells (absence or focal impaired awareness seizure) were the most frequently reported semiology (33/49; 67%), followed by febrile seizures (25/49; 51%) and afebrile bilateral tonic-clonic seizures (25/49; 51%). Most patients (33/49; 67%) had multiple seizure types. The majority (33/49; 67%) had seizures controlled on a single antiseizure medication or no medication. Nine (18%) had drug-resistant epilepsy. Epilepsy syndromes included febrile seizures plus, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, childhood absence epilepsy, and generalized tonic-clonic seizures alone. The seizure phenotype in Sotos syndrome most commonly involves staring spells, afebrile tonic-clonic seizures or febrile convulsions; however, other seizure types may occur. Seizures are typically well-controlled with medication, but drug-resistant epilepsy occurs in a minority.
Development of a Shipboard Wireless Monitoring System to Monitor Ship Crews during Extreme Blast Load Exposure (2019)

Naval ships can be exposed to munition detonations during their operations in theaters of engagement. Munition blasts can be devastating to the ship structure as well as to the crew within the ship. Current understanding of the impact of blast loads on ships is based on empirical evidence from operational events that have inflicted casualties and injured sailors; there are comparatively fewer examples of controlled blast experiments on actual ships. Controlled blast testing on ships could advance understanding of how blast pressures propagate within the ship interior and the impact of these loads on ship crews. This study focuses on the development of a self-sufficient wireless monitoring system that can be used to monitor ship structures and the response of ship crews during blast events. The proposed system is designed to be deployed on decommissioned, crewless naval ships used as targets during naval exercises. The system consists of two parts. The first is a stationary shipboard monitoring system installed on the ship to monitor the ship motions and to capture ship vibrations and internal pressures during a blast event. The stationary monitoring system is powered entirely by solar energy and includes a GPS receiver to monitor ship locations and a satellite modem for the communication of data. The stationary system includes wireless sensors installed on the ship structure that trigger to capture ship vibrations and internal compartment pressures just prior to and during the blast event. The second part of the shipboard monitoring system are mannequins instrumented with wireless sensors to measure and transmit mannequin motion during blast loading. This paper describes the design of the monitoring solution and its deployment on a decommissioned ship exposed to blast loads during naval exercises. The result from sea trials reveal a stable and self-sufficient monitoring system that is survivable to the blast event.
Vinylthiylation of Octafluorotoluene and its Derivatives (2005)

Abstract
Merkel cell carcinoma: a distinct lesion of the eyelid (1999)

Merkel cell carcinoma (trabecular cell carcinoma) is a rare, distinct, primitive, neuroendocrine malignancy of the skin, usually affecting elderly patients. It develops from Merkel cells and nearly one out of every 10 Merkel cell carcinomas occurs in the eyelids and periocular region. The tumor manifests itself clinically as a bulging lesion near the lid margin, painless, reddish colored with teleangiectatic blood vessels on the surface. Histologically, the tumor can mimic malignant lymphoma, undifferentiated melanoma, sebaceous carcinoma or cutaneous metastases of pulmonary microcytoma. Immunohistochemical studies with antibodies to neuron-specific enolase, cytokeratins and neurosecretory granules are necessary to differentiate these tumors. One third of all Merkel cell carcinomas result in death. In the present paper, we present data on the clinical features, treatment and long-term follow-up of three patients.
Sleep Patterns of Middle and High School Students in Seoul (2000)

Objectives: It is been reported that sleep patterns change significantly during the adolescent years. In Korea, the sleep patterns of adolescents have not been investigated systematically. The authors performed preliminary study about sleep patterns of middle and high school students in Seoul before nationwide study. Methods: The authors selected one of middle and high schools located in typical middle class area in Seoul. The study was performed during the periods when examination or vacation did not affect the sleep cycle. Fifty to one hundred male and female students were selected from one school year each. One of investigators explained the purposes and methods of this study to the students and gave additional explanation to the teachers in charge. We designed a questionnaire for subjects to describe the nap time, bedtime, sleep latency, total sleep time, rise time and sleep efficiency, and the students recorded sleep logs for seven days including weekend. Eight hundred three students answered the questionnaires. Among them, we selected the subjects who recorded sleep logs at least three days and filled up the questionnaires completely. Finally, seven hundred seventy one subjects were included in this study. Weekend was defined as the time from Saturday morning to Sunday morning, and Sunday sleep patterns were treated separately. Results: Across the six school years, school-night bedtimes were delayed one hundred twenty four minutes and school-ight rise times were advanced by thirty five minutes. School-night total sleep times were decreased by one hundred fifty eight minutes, and weekend bedtimes were delayed by one hundred twenty five minutes. The students tended to oversleep on weekends, and the mean of weekend oversleep was ninety six minutes. But, bedtime in weekends was not delayed. Daytime sleep, sleep latency and sleep efficiency were not changed greatly across six school years. Total sleep time of female students was decreased significantly between third middle school year and first high school year, but time of male students was decreased between first and second high school year. Conclusion: It is supposed that sleep deficiency of middle and high school students in Seoul was due to delayed bedtimes and advanced rise times across the school years.
F3‐03‐04: EFFECTS OF TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY AND POST‐TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER ON ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) IN VETERANS USING ADNI (2014)

Both traumatic brain injury (TBI) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may increase risk for cognitive decline, AD, and other neurodegenerative disorders. We test the hypothesis that TBI and/or PTSD increase the risk for AD, and decrease cognitive reserve, determined with imaging/biomarkers, in Vietnam Veterans, using ADNI sites and methods. Vietnam War Veterans with a documented history of moderate/severe TBI or evidence of ongoing PTSD, and controls are screened by telephone. We plan to enroll over 400 subjects in ADNI sites for baseline measurements of cognition, function, blood and cerebrospinal fluid analyses (CSF), MRI (structural, diffusion tensor, and resting state BOLD fMRI) and amyloid PET imaging with Florbetapir and one year follow-up. The 3 groups will include half who are cognitively normal and half with MCI. A diagnosis of dementia is exclusionary. To date 8,953 letters were sent to veterans with documented history of TBI or PTSD, 5,282 telephone calls made, 1,841 subjects were prescreened, 269 subjects provided written informed consent, 197 subjects completed telephone evaluations, 122 subjects were referred to DOD ADNI sites, and 31 subjects completed baseline evaluations (19 with PTSD, 3 with TBI, 4 subjects with both a TBI and PTSD, and 5 controls). Enrollment is proceeding rapidly. Enrolling Vietnam veterans in a multisite study of TBI and PTSD using multiple biomarkers is feasible. This study is an important step towards larger, more comprehensive studies of dementia risk factors in Veterans which will inform the design and statistical powering of a prevention trial to reduce the burden of AD in Veterans and in the general population.
Asymmetric AB3 Miktoarm Star Polymers: Synthesis, Self‐Assembly, and Study of Micelle Stability Using AF4 for Efficient Drug Delivery (2015)

A simple and versatile methodology, which employs a combination of ring-opening polymerization and alkyne-azide click chemistry to synthesize amphiphilic AB3 miktoarm stars, is reported. Their aqueous self-assembly behavior was studied using dynamic light scattering, fluorescence, and asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AF4). AB3 miktoarm stars form micelles which incorporate curcumin with high efficiency, and significantly reduce the viability of glioblastoma cells in spheroids. We demonstrate that AF4 is an effective technique to determine the size distribution of self-assembled structures exposed to a biological medium. The ease, with which asymmetric AB3 miktoarm polymers are constructed, provides a platform that can be widely employed to deliver a variety of lipophilic drugs.
Developmental Validation of the Quantifiler™ Real-Time PCR Kits for the Quantification of Human Nuclear DNA Samples (2005)

The Quantifiler Human DNA Quantification Kit and the Quantifiler Y Human Male DNA Quantification Kit were designed for the quantification of human genomic DNA in forensic samples. The kits use a real-time PCR-based process to quantify, respectively, total human DNA or human male DNA only. We report the results of a developmental validation study that we performed with the Quantifiler Kits, following the official SWGDAM guidelines. The Quantifiler Kits were tested for performance criteria such as species specificity, sensitivity, stability, precision and accuracy, and in addition, were tested with forensic case-type samples and mixed (male:female) DNA samples. The Quantifiler Kit methods were highly specific for human DNA, and could detect as little as 32 picograms of DNA using 2 microL of sample per assay. The accuracy and precision of the Quantifiler Kit methods was comparable or superior to that of other quantification methods.
Elementary Functions (1997)

The elementary functions (sine, cosine, exponentials, logarithms . . . ) are the most commonly used mathematical functions. Computing them quickly and accurately is a major goal in computer arithmetic
Effects of Inorganic and Polymer Filler on Tertiary Damage Development in Asphalt Mixtures (2002)

Two methods, a three-parameter (work-hardening) model and a pseudostrain energy model, were used to characterize permanent deformation-related damage potential of asphalt mixtures. The three parameters were calculated by fitting a curve that describes permanent strain accumulation during repeated load compressive testing. The pseudostrain energy was calculated using the linear viscoelastic constitutive equation. Both methods are appropriate and predict permanent deformation and tertiary damage in asphalt mixtures due to plastic deformation and microcrack development. The effects of a waste carpet coproduct and hydrated lime on permanent deformation were evaluated using the two techniques. The coproduct reduced damage potential in both a dense-graded mix and in a mix designed to exhibit early tertiary damage (tender mix). The coproduct was effective with two compositionally different bitumen within each mixture. Hydrated lime was effective in reducing tertiary damage potential in the dense-graded mixture, but its effectiveness was mixture and bitumen dependent.
Determination of submicron atmospheric aerosol size distributions by use of continuous analog sensors (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of submicron atmospheric aerosol size distributions by use of continuous analog sensorsGeorge M. Sverdrup and Kenneth T. WhitbyCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1977, 11, 13, 1171–1176Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es60136a007https://doi.org/10.1021/es60136a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views90Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Comparing Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis with Multilocus Sequence Typing, spa Typing, Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec (SCC mec ) Typing, and PCR for Panton-Valentine Leukocidin, arcA , and opp3 in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates at a U.S. Medical Center (2012)

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become a common cause of skin infections and invasive infections in community dwellers in the United States since the late 1990s. Isolates characterized as USA300 by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) are the predominant strain type in these infections. USA100 and USA500 strains commonly cause health care-associated infections. We compared PFGE with a number of other methods of genotyping in a sample of 149 clinical MRSA isolates from the University of Chicago Medical Center. The 5 USA500 isolates yielded 3 spa types and 2 multilocus sequence types (MLSTs). Among the 24 USA100 isolates, 21 (88%) were of spa type t002, 19 (79%) were of ST5, 2 carried arcA and opp3, and 1 was Panton-Valentine leukocidin positive (PVL(+)). Among the 102 USA300 isolates, 96 (94%) were of ST8 and 94 (92%) were of spa type t008. The combination of traits that provided the best sensitivity (98%), specificity (97%), positive predictive value (PPV) (99%), and negative predictive value (NPV) (95%) for identifying USA300 isolates were the presence of the arcA gene and the presence of the PVL genes (area under the curve, 0.980; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.955 to 1.0). PFGE did not delineate a homogeneous group of MRSA genetic backgrounds, as documented for other typing methods, particularly for USA500 and USA100 pulsotypes. Documenting the presence of arcA and PVL genes by PCR was an efficient and accurate means of identifying USA300 in a collection of MRSA isolates in which USA300 is common. None of the tested genotyping methods provided an accurate means of identifying the next most common PFGE-based backgrounds, USA100 and USA500.
Foreseeing the future of mutualistic communities beyond collapse (2019)

Changing conditions may lead to sudden shifts in the state of ecosystems when critical thresholds are passed. Some well-studied drivers of such transitions lead to predictable outcomes such as a turbid lake or a degraded landscape. Many ecosystems are, however, complex systems of many interacting species. While detecting upcoming transitions in such systems is challenging, predicting what comes after a critical transition is terra incognita altogether. The problem is that complex ecosystems may shift to many different, alternative states. Whether an impending transition has minor, positive or catastrophic effects is thus unclear. Some systems may, however, behave more predictably than others. The dynamics of mutualistic communities can be expected to be relatively simple, because delayed negative feedbacks leading to oscillatory or other complex dynamics are weak. Here, we address the question of whether this relative simplicity allows us to foresee a community's future state. As a case study, we use a model of a bipartite mutualistic network and show that a network's post-transition state is indicated by the way in which a system recovers from minor disturbances. Similar results obtained with a unipartite model of facilitation suggest that our results are of relevance to a wide range of mutualistic systems.
David M. Maurice, PhD (1922-2002) (2003)

David M. Maurice, one of the most brilliant ophthalmic scientists of all time, died on July 20, 2002. He was 80 years old and the cause of death was long-standing carcinoid malignancy with liver involvement.
Evans Syndrome Complicated by Intratubular Hemoglobin Cast Nephropathy (2017)

Evans syndrome (ES) is a rare autoimmune disorder whose exact pathophysiology is unknown. It is characterized by the simultaneous or subsequent development of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) and immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). Intravascular hemolysis, with hemoglobinemia, is known to produce acute kidney injury; however, the development of intratubular hemoglobin casts (hemoglobin cast nephropathy) in the setting of acute hemolysis is uncommon. Likewise, the association of ES and acute renal failure is equally uncommon. We present a case of a 7-year-old girl with ES who developed acute kidney injury in the setting of intravascular hemolysis and had widespread intratubular hemoglobin casts.