gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Trifluoromethylation of Carbonyl Compounds (2005)

[reaction: see text]. A novel N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalyzed trifluoromethylation reaction of carbonyl compounds was discovered. Both enolizable and nonenolizable aldehydes and alpha-keto esters undergo facile trifluoromethylation with TMSCF3 at room temperature in the presence of only 0.5-1 mol % of the commercially available NHC (1), providing CF3-substituted alcohols in good yields. Selective trifluoromethylation of aldehydes over ketones can be achieved under NHC catalysis. These conditions are mild and simple and tolerate a variety of functional groups.
[Radioimmunoassay for the determination of glycated hemoglobin and its clinical significance]. (1989)

The glycosylated hemoglobin (Hb) is a useful marker for monitoring blood glucose concentrations over the prior one or two month period. A variety of method has been described for the determination of glycated Hb, but many of them have serious pitfalls. In this report, a radioimmunoassay for glycated Hb was developed and its clinical significance was described. The antiserum was obtained by immunizing guinea pigs with reduced glycated human serum albumin. This antiserum was capable of identifying glucitollysine residues on glycated Hb of normal and diabetic individuals after reduction with NaBH4. The RIA described here had satisfactory reproducibility as judged by the intra-assay (1.6-3.7%) and inter-assay (1.7-5.4%) precision. To evaluate the usefulness of this RIA method, HbAlc values measured by HPLC method were compared with values by this RIA method. According to the criteria of the WHO Expert Committee on Diabetes Mellitus, 80 subjects were divided into normal group (N), impaired glucose tolerance group (IGT), and diabetic group(DM). Average of glycated Hb values obtained by this RIA in 20 IGT subjects was significantly higher (p less than 0.001) than that of 30 normals and 17 IGT subjects exceeded upper normal range (mean + 2SD). But there was no significant difference between N and IGT in the levels of HbAlc by HPLC and all IGT subjects remained normal range. In a patient treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy failure of normalization of the glucose balance was discernible by an elevation of glycated Hb values by RIA. In contrast, HbAlc values fell within the normal range in this patient. From these results it appears that determination of glycated Hb by this RIA represents a more sensitive parameter for long-term than HbAlc by HPLC and is suitable for monitoring even small fluctuation of blood glucose.
Biogenesis of Heartwood and Bark Constituents. I. A. New Taxifolin Glucoside1 (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBiogenesis of Heartwood and Bark Constituents. I. A. New Taxifolin Glucoside1H. L. HERGERT and OTTO GOLDSCHMIDCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1958, 23, 5, 700–704Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01099a015https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01099a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views212Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Discovery of Small Molecules that Activate RNA Methylation through Cooperative Binding to the METTL3-14-WTAP Complex Active Site (2019)

Chemical modifications of RNA provide an additional, epitranscriptomic, level of control over cellular functions. N-6-methylated adenosines (m6As) are found in several types of RNA, and their amounts are regulated by methyltransferases and demethylases. One of the most important enzymes catalyzing generation of m6A on mRNA is the trimer N-6-methyltransferase METTL3-14-WTAP complex. Its activity has been linked to such critical biological processes as cell differentiation, proliferation, and death. We used in silico-based discovery to identify small-molecule ligands that bind to METTL3-14-WTAP and determined experimentally their binding affinity and kinetics, as well as their effect on enzymatic function. We show that these ligands serve as activators of the METTL3-14-WTAP complex.
The ViP2P Platform: XML Views in P2P (2011)

The growing volumes of XML data sources on the Web or produced by enterprises, organizations etc. raise many performance challenges for data management applications. In this work, we are concerned with the distributed, peer-to-peer management of large corpora of XML documents, based on distributed hash table (or DHT, in short) overlay networks. We present ViP2P (standing for Views in Peer-to-Peer), a distributed platform for sharing XML documents based on a structured P2P network infrastructure (DHT). At the core of ViP2P stand distributed materialized XML views, defined by arbitrary XML queries, filled in with data published anywhere in the network, and exploited to efficiently answer queries issued by any network peer. ViP2P allows user queries to be evaluated over XML documents published by peers in two modes. First, a long-running subscription mode, when a query can be registered in the system and receive answers incrementally when and if published data matches the query. Second, queries can also be asked in an ad-hoc, snapshot mode, where results are required immediately and must be computed based on the results of other long-running, subscription queries. ViP2P innovates over other similar DHT-based XML sharing platforms by using a very expressive structured XML query language. This expressivity leads to a very flexible distribution of XML content in the ViP2P network, and to efficient snapshot query execution. ViP2P has been tested in real deployments of hundreds of computers. We present the platform architecture, its internal algorithms, and demonstrate its efficiency and scalability through a set of experiments. Our experimental results outgrow by orders of magnitude similar competitor systems in terms of data volumes, network size and data dissemination throughput.
The role of special economic zones in China's development : a research project in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy in Development Studies at Massey University (1997)

Most economies of East and Southeast Asia have used export processing zones (EPZs)&#13;\nor special economic zones (SEZs) in their first stage of economic liberation programs.&#13;\nMany authors believed that these EPZs generally decreased welfare or had only a&#13;\nlimited welfare-raising effect on the host country. However, by examining the role of&#13;\nSEZs in China's development, this study has concluded that China's SEZs have taken&#13;\non a leading role in the process of economic reform, and have been important bridges&#13;\nover which foreign capital, technology, goods, management and ideas have crossed&#13;\ninto the hinterland of China and over which the products of the hinterland have gained&#13;\naccess to world markets. SEZs have been important economic laboratories in which&#13;\nsome of the features of Western Capitalism could be tried out and when found&#13;\nappropriate to Chinese conditions, allowed to cross the bridge into the rest of China.&#13;\nThey have also had a long-term effect on growth and development.&#13;\nThis study has shown that changes in ideology and human capital development are&#13;\nmore important than technology and capital because effective utilization of physical&#13;\nresources depends on human resources. This study has also shown that SEZs will&#13;\ncontinue to play the role of economic laboratories since inner China still features a&#13;\ncentrally controlled and managed system and experiments with market mechanism are&#13;\nstill at a very early stage.
MEMS-based Measurements in Virtual Reality: Setup an Electric Vehicle (2021)

The present work is aimed at finding a correspondence between registered consumes for a Battery Electric Vehicle, using a dedicated algorithm, and data available installing a MEMS sensors platform in a scenario which recreates on-road driving conditions. The Virtual Reality (VR) setup is described in its composition together with the placement of MEMS equipment to configurate optimal conditions for driving tests. In specific, the use of SensorTile.box by STMicroelectronics was described in its functioning and for the measurement acquisition chain process. Also, the consumption model is implemented through Unity3D and Matlab software to obtain an estimation of power, State of Charge (SoC) and energy required to perform the simulation path. Afterwards, considering the available literature, it is posed in consideration how the obtained measures from sensors can be useful for a primary characterization of drivers' behavior. Finally, these results for single users are related to the energy requests to determine if and at which level these parameters are also indicators of impact on consumers.
The Photon-Driven Hydrophilicity of Titania:  A Model Study Using TiO2(110) and Adsorbed Trimethyl Acetate (2003)

The behavior of H2O on clean and trimethyl acetate (TMA)-covered TiO2(110)−(1 × 1), prepared with or without oxygen vacancies and associated Ti3+, reveals the hydrophilic nature of clean surfaces and the hydrophobic nature of TMA-covered surfaces. UV irradiation of a hydrophobic surface in the presence of 10-6 Torr of O2 removes TMA and rapidly restores hydrophilicity. The presence of oxygen atom vacancies does not detectably alter the hydrophilicity of either clean or TMA-covered TiO2(110).
Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the pancreas complicated by pancreatic ascites (1990)

A case is reported of a patient with pancreatic carcinoma who developed pancreatic ascites after intraoperative fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) biopsy. This complication of FNAC has not previously been reported to the authors' knowledge. The literature is reviewed, and FNAC is shown to be the safest method of pancreatic biopsy, the present report not withstanding.
Composing Simple Image Descriptions using Web-scale N-grams (2011)

Studying natural language, and especially how people describe the world around them can help us better understand the visual world. In turn, it can also help us in the quest to generate natural language that describes this world in a human manner. We present a simple yet effective approach to automatically compose image descriptions given computer vision based inputs and using web-scale n-grams. Unlike most previous work that summarizes or retrieves pre-existing text relevant to an image, our method composes sentences entirely from scratch. Experimental results indicate that it is viable to generate simple textual descriptions that are pertinent to the specific content of an image, while permitting creativity in the description – making for more human-like annotations than previous approaches. 1
CFD verification of aerodynamic devices performance for the Messina strait bridge (2008)

Abstract. Aerodynamic design of bridge deck sections is a key issue in order to guarantee a feasible performance of wind prone bridges. For years, experimental tests of the proposed Messina Strait Bridge have been carried out in the wind tunnel facilities of the Politecnico di Milano. Those exhaustive and detailing testing campaigns have allowed the identification of potential problems related with the bridge behavior under wind loads. In fact, tender designs of the bridge cross-section had shown risk of one degree of freedom torsional instability due to the negative slope of the moment aerodynamic coefficient for the so-called bare bridge deck section, which is the reference section for this work. The adopted strategy for the mitigation of undesirable wind effects has been in certain occasions the introduction of aerodynamic devices. Experimental test of a certain set of aerodynamic devices are costly, both in terms of time and money, although they give invaluable insight information regarding the effects on the bridge deck behavior. However, a question to be solved is the role that CFD (computational fluid dynamics) can play in the anticipation of the aerodynamic effects that a certain device can produce upon the bridge deck aerodynamic performance. A positive answer to the later question would mean that CFD can be the right tool that allows avoiding
PIK3Cδ expression by fibroblasts promotes triple-negative breast cancer progression (2020)

As there is growing evidence for the tumor microenvironment's role in tumorigenesis, we investigated the role of fibroblast-expressed kinases in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Using a high-throughput kinome screen combined with 3D invasion assays, we identified fibroblast-expressed PIK3Cδ (f-PIK3Cδ) as a key regulator of cancer progression. Although PIK3Cδ was expressed in primary fibroblasts derived from TNBC patients, it was barely detectable in breast cancer (BC) cell lines. Genetic and pharmacological gain- and loss-of-function experiments verified the contribution of f-PIK3Cδ in TNBC cell invasion. Integrated secretomics and transcriptomics analyses revealed a paracrine mechanism via which f-PIK3Cδ confers its protumorigenic effects. Inhibition of f-PIK3Cδ promoted the secretion of factors, including PLGF and BDNF, that led to upregulation of NR4A1 in TNBC cells, where it acts as a tumor suppressor. Inhibition of PIK3Cδ in an orthotopic BC mouse model reduced tumor growth only after inoculation with fibroblasts, indicating a role of f-PIK3Cδ in cancer progression. Similar results were observed in the MMTV-PyMT transgenic BC mouse model, along with a decrease in tumor metastasis, emphasizing the potential immune-independent effects of PIK3Cδ inhibition. Finally, analysis of BC patient cohorts and TCGA data sets identified f-PIK3Cδ (protein and mRNA levels) as an independent prognostic factor for overall and disease-free survival, highlighting it as a therapeutic target for TNBC.
Potential therapeutic uses for S-nitrosothiols (2001)

The S-nitrosothiols (RSNOs) are thought to represent a circulating endogenous reservoir of nitric oxide (NO), and may have potential as donors of NO, distinct from currently used agents. They have the general formula RSNO, and naturally occurring examples include S-nitrosocysteine, S-nitrosoglutathione and S-nitrosoalbumin, in which R is an amino acid, polypeptide and protein respectively. RSNOs have anti-platelet properties, a theoretical role in the treatment of asthma and the potential to be used as agents to treat infectious diseases ranging from the common cold to AIDS. RSNOs are relatively unstable, being degraded to release NO and the corresponding disulphide. Their stability is influenced by the properties of the R group, heat, light, the presence of transition metal ions (in particular copper) and the presence of other thiols. RSNOs participate in transnitrosation reactions in which the -NO group is transferred to another thiol to form a more stable RSNO. Thus the stability of RSNOs in vivo is difficult to predict, and this has led to the development of more stable analogues, in which the properties of R are modified. Potential interactions of RSNOs include that with ascorbic acid (vitamin C), which enhances the ability of copper to catalyse their degradation. Transnitrosation reactions with thiol-containing enzymes can influence protein function, and the intracellular thiol glutathione, levels of which are influenced by many disease states, can also influence stability. Thus, although RSNOs have many theoretically useful properties, there are also many aspects of their biochemistry that need to be addressed before their therapeutic potential can be fully realized.
Influence of Ge substrate crystallinity on Co germanide formation in solid-state reactions (2007)

A strong influence of substrate crystallinity is observed for thin-film Co∕Ge reactions. For the detected phases (CoGe, Co5Ge7, and CoGe2), the formation temperatures on amorphous Ge (a-Ge) are found to be the lowest, while the highest are on single-crystalline Ge(100). Moreover, while the phase sequence on Ge(100) and polycrystalline Ge (poly-Ge) was unaltered, the formation of intermediate Co5Ge7 was not observed on a-Ge. It is likely that this is due to a promoted CoGe2 formation on a-Ge, resulting in a ∼200°C decrease in formation temperature (depending on the ramp rate). These observations suggest a strong competition among the formation of these Ge-rich phases.
High IFN-γ and low SLPI mark severe asthma in mice and humans (2015)

Severe asthma (SA) is a challenge to control, as patients are not responsive to high doses of systemic corticosteroids (CS). In contrast, mild-moderate asthma (MMA) is responsive to low doses of inhaled CS, indicating that Th2 cells, which are dominant in MMA, do not solely orchestrate SA development. Here, we analyzed broncholalveolar lavage cells isolated from MMA and SA patients and determined that IFN-γ (Th1) immune responses are exacerbated in the airways of individuals with SA, with reduced Th2 and IL-17 responses. We developed a protocol that recapitulates the complex immune response of human SA, including the poor response to CS, in a murine model. Compared with WT animals, Ifng-/- mice subjected to this SA model failed to mount airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) without appreciable effect on airway inflammation. Conversely, AHR was not reduced in Il17ra-/- mice, although airway inflammation was lower. Computer-assisted pathway analysis tools linked IFN-γ to secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), which is expressed by airway epithelial cells, and IFN-γ inversely correlated with SLPI expression in SA patients and the mouse model. In mice subjected to our SA model, forced SLPI expression decreased AHR in the absence of CS, and it was further reduced when SLPI was combined with CS. Our study identifies a distinct immune response in SA characterized by a dysregulated IFN-γ/SLPI axis that affects lung function.
Data integration driven ontology design, case study smart city (2013)

Methods to design of formal ontologies have been in focus of research since the early nineties when their importance and conceivable practical application in engineering sciences had been understood. However, often significant customization of generic methodologies is required when they are applied in tangible scenarios. In this paper, we present a methodology for ontology design developed in the context of data integration. In this scenario, a targeting ontology is applied as a mediator for distinct schemas of individual data sources and, furthermore, as a reference schema for federated data queries. The methodology has been used and evaluated in a case study aiming at integration of buildings' energy and carbon emission related data. We claim that we have made the design process much more efficient and that there is a high potential to reuse the methodology.
Impairment-Constrained Multi-Rate Multicast Flow Aggregation in IP over Optical Networks (2011)

In this paper, we study the problem of multicast flow aggregation with the objective of minimizing the total number of trees. Each established tree can choose a line rate from multiple available line rates. The destinations of each tree are guaranteed to receive data correctly from the source through the chosen line rate. We first use two auxiliary graphs to describe the problem and show that the problem is NP-hard. An integer linear program (ILP) is given to solve small scale problems. We then provide a heuristic approach, named highest rate first (HRF). Numerical results show that HRF achieves good results in both large and small scale problems.
The Application of Shear and Extensional Viscosity Measurements to Assess the Potential of Hylan in Viscosupplementation (1996)

The shear and extensional viscosity characteristics have been compared for hyaluronan and two samples of a cross-linked derivative, hylan, of different molecular weights. While shear thinning behavior was observed for all systems in shear flow, strain thickening was observed in extensional flow for the relatively dilute systems. However, there was a progressive transition to shear thinning behavior as the polymer concentration was increased. It is evident from the results that the shear flow techniques alone provide an incomplete picture of the rheological properties of these materials and that extensional flow characteristics are potentially dominant. For example, at relatively high deformation rates of 500 s-1 and above, our results show that the extensional viscosities of aqueous solutions of the various polymers are at least two orders of magnitude greater than their corresponding shear flow viscosities. The incremental differences in viscosity with concentration increased with increasing molecular mass of the polymers and were greater in exensional flow than shear flow. These results demonstrate that the dynamic network structure formed by the higher molecular mass hylans offer potentially better physical and mechanical properties for viscosupplementation of diseased osteoarthritis joints compared with the parent hyaluronan.
Opportunities and Challenges for Clinical and Cardiovascular Research in Latin America (2006)

Latin America in the past two decades has increasingly become a significant contributor of clinical research. The future capacity of clinical and specifically cardiovascular research has the potential to positively affect human health in the region and foster economic growth. However, the challenges of conducting clinical research in Latin America include a need for logistical support from local governments, continued commitment to education of physicians and ethics committees, and creation of oversight bodies to guarantee the highest quality of research. Bibliometric analyses were conducted to assess trends in clinical research. Latin American investigators demonstrated a tendency to publish clinical results in local and regional journals. The region offers many opportunities for clinical research including large treatment-naive patient populations and most importantly motivated investigators capable of producing high-quality results. Strategies to foster clinical research in Latin America must be based on development of a positive regulatory environment, leveraged protection of intellectual property, creation of alliances between private and public sectors with incentives for investment in science and technology, and finally focus on areas of clinical expertise such as cardiovascular disease, epidemiology, gastroenterology, and infectious diseases. Fostering the creation of research alliances across and between continents will help in establishing the supportive environment for dissemination of important ethical clinical research in the region.