gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of a Bifunctionalized Cellohexaoside as a Specific Substrate for the Sensitive Assay of Cellulase by Fluorescence Quenching (2002)

A new bifunctionalized cellohexaose derivative was synthesized as a specific substrate for continuous assay of cellulases by resonance energy transfer. This cellohexaoside has a naphthalene moiety (EDANS) as a fluorescent energy donor at the reducing end and a 4-(4'-dimethylaminobenzeneazo)-benzene derivative as an acceptor chromophore at the non-reducing end. The key steps for the preparation of the target molecule involved transglycosylation reactions of cellobiosyl and cellotetraosyl fluoride donors onto cellobiosyl acceptors catalysed by the E197A mutant of cellulase Cel7B from Humicola insolens. Upon digestion with various cellulases, the energy transfer was disrupted and an increase of fluorescence was observed.
Erythrocyte adenylate kinase isoenzyme as a marker for hemolysis (1997)

The presence in serum of adenylate kinase isoenzyme originating from erythrocyte can be useful as a marker for detecting hemolysis. We have presented preliminary evidence for identifying hemolytic anemia patients earlier by determining erythrocyte AK isoenzyme activity in serum (or plasma) rather than using measurement of plasma hemoglobin concentration. This test being quite specific for hemolysis should find use as a quick method for estimating the extent of in vivo hemolysis in hemolytic patients earlier than heretofore possible. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 11:351–356, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Mesoporous Aluminosilicate Catalysts for the Selective Isomerization of n-Hexane: The Roles of Surface Acidity and Platinum Metal (2015)

Several types of mesoporous aluminosilicates were synthesized and evaluated in the catalytic isomerization of n-hexane, both with and without Pt nanoparticles loaded into the mesopores. The materials investigated included mesoporous MFI and BEA type zeolites, MCF-17 mesoporous silica, and an aluminum modified MCF-17. The acidity of the materials was investigated through pyridine adsorption and Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). It was found that the strong Brönsted acid sites in the micropores of the zeolite catalysts facilitated the cracking of hexane. However, the medium strength acid sites on the Al modified MCF-17 mesoporous silica greatly enhanced the isomerization reaction. Through the loading of different amounts of Pt into the mesopores of the Al modified MCF-17, the relationship between the metal nanoparticles and acidic sites on the support was revealed.
Staged memory scheduling: Achieving high performance and scalability in heterogeneous systems (2012)

When multiple processor (CPU) cores and a GPU integrated together on the same chip share the off-chip main memory, requests from the GPU can heavily interfere with requests from the CPU cores, leading to low system performance and starvation of CPU cores. Unfortunately, state-of-the-art application-aware memory scheduling algorithms are ineffective at solving this problem at low complexity due to the large amount of GPU traffic. A large and costly request buffer is needed to provide these algorithms with enough visibility across the global request stream, requiring relatively complex hardware implementations. This paper proposes a fundamentally new approach that decouples the memory controller's three primary tasks into three significantly simpler structures that together improve system performance and fairness, especially in integrated CPU-GPU systems. Our three-stage memory controller first groups requests based on row-buffer locality. This grouping allows the second stage to focus only on inter-application request scheduling. These two stages enforce high-level policies regarding performance and fairness, and therefore the last stage consists of simple per-bank FIFO queues (no further command reordering within each bank) and straightforward logic that deals only with low-level DRAM commands and timing. We evaluate the design trade-offs involved in our Staged Memory Scheduler (SMS) and compare it against three state-of-the-art memory controller designs. Our evaluations show that SMS improves CPU performance without degrading GPU frame rate beyond a generally acceptable level, while being significantly less complex to implement than previous application-aware schedulers. Furthermore, SMS can be configured by the system software to prioritize the CPU or the GPU at varying levels to address different performance needs.
In-Situ Detection of C-Reactive Protein Using Silicon Nanowire Field Effect Transistor (2011)

Label-free, sensitive, and real-time c-reactive protein (CRP) sensor was fabricated using p-type silicon nanowire (SiNW) based structures configured as field effect transistors (FET) using the conventional 'top-down' semiconductor processes. The width of SiNWs were distributed 80 nm to 400 nm. Among them to improve signal-to-noise ratio and sensitivity of SiNW FET, 221 nm-SiNW was chosen for biosensing of CRP. Antibody of c-reactive protein (anti-CRP) was immobilized on the SiNW surface through polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic channel for detection of CRP. Specific binding of CRP with anti-CRP on the SiNW surface caused a conductance change of SiNW FET and various injections from 10 and 1 microg/ml to 100 ng/ml solutions of CRP resulted in the conductance changes from 39 and 25 to 16%, respectively. Label-free, in-situ and very sensitive electrical detection of CRP was demonstrated with the prepared SiNW FET.
Self-routing of multi-terabit/sec pulses using an all-optical switch in a nonlinear coupler with dispersion flattened fiber (2001)

Using numerical methods we demonstrate all-optical switching and self-routing of ultrashort optical pulses in a nonlinear coupler. These ultrashort duration pulses may be suitable for operations in devices performing at multi-terabit/sec rates.
Reduced acetylcholine sensitivity in dystrophic mouse myotubes in vitro (1984)

Acetylcholine (ACh) sensitivity in cultured myotubes from normal or dystrophic mice was investigated using conventional techniques. Dystrophic multinucleate myotubes were found to be less responsive to the ACh with respect to the control preparation. Such a reduced sensitivity to ACh in dystrophic myotubes was accompanied by a reduced binding to 125I-alpha-bungarotoxin. The possible biological significance of these results on the muscle disease is discussed.
Generation of an immortalized mesenchymal stem cell line producing a secreted biosensor protein for glucose monitoring (2017)

Diabetes is a chronic disease characterized by high levels of blood glucose. Diabetic patients should normalize these levels in order to avoid short and long term clinical complications. Presently, blood glucose monitoring is dependent on frequent finger pricking and enzyme based systems that analyze the drawn blood. Continuous blood glucose monitors are already on market but suffer from technical problems, inaccuracy and short operation time. A novel approach for continuous glucose monitoring is the development of implantable cell-based biosensors that emit light signals corresponding to glucose concentrations. Such devices use genetically modified cells expressing chimeric genes with glucose binding properties. MSCs are good candidates as carrier cells, as they can be genetically engineered and expanded into large numbers. They also possess immunomodulatory properties that, by reducing local inflammation, may assist long operation time. Here, we generated a novel immortalized human MSC line co-expressing hTERT and a secreted glucose biosensor transgene using the Sleeping Beauty transposon technology. Genetically modified hMSCs retained their mesenchymal characteristics. Stable transgene expression was validated biochemically. Increased activity of hTERT was accompanied by elevated and constant level of stem cell pluripotency markers and subsequently, by MSC immortalization. Furthermore, these cells efficiently suppressed PBMC proliferation in MLR transwell assays, indicating that they possess immunomodulatory properties. Finally, biosensor protein produced by MSCs was used to quantify glucose in cell-free assays. Our results indicate that our immortalized MSCs are suitable for measuring glucose concentrations in a physiological range. Thus, they are appropriate for incorporation into a cell-based, immune-privileged, glucose-monitoring medical device.
The Van der Pauw method for sheet resistance measurements of polypyrrole‐coated para‐aramide woven fabrics (2010)

Abstract In this article, it is shown that the Van der Pauw (VDP) method, generally known in microelectronics, can be successfully adapted to sheet resistance measurements of electroconductive fabrics. We prepared two polypyrrole‐coated woven para‐aramide fabrics and used a simple setup to measure their sheet resistances. The results were then compared with those obtained using a sophisticated commercial collinear array probe. The measurements were done in a 1 month interval, to investigate the influence of the coating aging on the sheet resistance of the samples. The influence of the contact positioning on the accuracy of the VDP measurement was investigated. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Piezoelectric Properties of Ba and Ca Doped SrBi2Nb2O9Based Ceramic Materials (2003)

The crystalline structure and dielectric and piezoelectric properties of SrBi2Nb2O9 (SBN)-based materials were investigated with the substitution of Ca and Ba ions into the Sr site in this study. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that these substitutes formed solid solutions throughout the compositions. The Ca substitution increases the ferroelectric transition temperature and maintains the phase transition as that of the normal ferroelectrics, while the Ba substitution lowers the ferroelectric transition temperatures and changes the transition from the normal to the diffuse ferroelectric one. The Ba-substituted SBN shows a smooth elastic anomaly for the Ba substitution of 0.2. A dielectric measurement revealed that the smooth elastic anomaly might be related to small dielectric dispersion characteristics observed around 300°C.
Ultra Fast Fixed-Frequency Hysteretic Buck Converter With Maximum Charging Current Control and Adaptive Delay Compensation for DVS Applications (2008)

An integrated DC-DC hysteretic buck converter with ultrafast adaptive output transient response for reference tracking is presented. To achieve the fastest up-tracking speed, the maximum charging current control is introduced to charge up the output voltage with the maximum designed current. For down-tracking, the output is discharged by the load only to save energy. Although the converter works with hysteretic voltage mode control, an adaptive delay compensation scheme is employed to keep the switching frequency constant at 850 kHz to within plusmn2.5% across the whole operation range. The integrated buck converter was fabricated using a 0.35 mum CMOS process. With an input voltage of 3 V, the output voltage can be regulated between 0.5 and 2.5 V. With a load resistor of 10 Omega, the up-tracking speed of the maximum reference step (0.5 to 2.5 V) is 12.5 mus/V. All design features are verified by extensive measurements.
Cover Image: Blisters owing to dermal capillary occlusion by sickle cells (2018)

Funding sources: none. Conflicts of interest: none declared. Dear Editor, A 20‐year‐old man with sickle cell anaemia was admitted for vaso‐occlusive crisis and asymptomatic flaccid bullae on the limbs and back (Fig. 1a). Skin biopsy showed a subepidermal bullae with few neutrophils in the lumen, rare basal cell necrosis in the epidermis, capillary occlusion in the upper dermis (Fig. 1b) by sickle cells (Fig. 1c) and negative immunochemistry with antifibrin antibodies (Fig. 1d). The blisters healed within 5 days. Only one case of cutaneous sickle cell crisis with erythematous papules and purpura has been reported.1 In our case, the subepidermal bullae with alterations restricted to the epidermal basal cells could be related to upper dermal localization of capillary occlusion by sickle cells with transient ischaemia.
The Black Mark beside My Name Server: Exploring the Importance of Name Server IP Addresses in Malware DNS Graphs (2016)

This short exploratory empirical paper examines a question of how important the Internet protocol (IP) addresses of name servers are in linking together Internet domains that have distributed malware or otherwise having been associated with malicious computer networks. By using the domain name system (DNS) for building a relational representation, the found importance is elaborated with a dataset comprised of nearly sixty thousand domains. Besides the empirical exploration related to these domains, the paper provides a stylized discussion on the construction of empirical DNS graphs, including the concrete reduction and learning of the observed malware graph. With these two deliverables, the paper contributes to the active research field of DNS mining, further pinpointing a number of relevant research challenges for applications of complex network analysis for studying computer networking and cyber security.
Inflammatory cytokines and a diverse cervicovaginal microbiome are associated with cervical disease in Hispanics living in Puerto Rico (2023)

Abstract Cervical cancer (CC) is women’s fourth most common cancer worldwide. A worrying increase in CC rates in Hispanics suggests that besides Human Papillomaviruses infections, there may be other biological causes promoting the disease. We hypothesized that the cervical microbiome and the epithelial microenvironment favoring inflammation is conducive to disease progression. There is a lack of studies examining the part played by microbial populations in the development of precancerous lesions into cancer in Hispanic women. We aimed to investigate the relationship between the cervicovaginal microbiome and inflammation in Hispanic women living in PR while considering cervical neoplasia and HPV infection. Cervical samples collected from 91 participants coming to clinics in San Juan, underwent 16S rRNA genes (V4 region) profiling, and cytokines were measured using Luminex MAGPIX technology. Cytokines were grouped as inflammatory (IL-1β, TNFα, IFNγ, IL-6), anti-inflammatory (IL-4, IL-10, TGFβ1), and traffic-associated (IL-8, MIP1a, MCP1, IP10). They were related to microbes via an inflammation scoring index based on the quartile and tercile distribution of the cytokine’s concentration. We found significant differences in the diversity and composition of the microbiota according to HPV risk, cervical disease, and cytokine abundance. The most dominant community state type (CST) was CST IV with ∼ 90% dominance in participants with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and high-risk HPV. The increasing concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines was associated with a decrease in L. crispatus . In contrast, dysbiosis-associated bacteria such as Gardnerella , Prevotella , Atopobium concomitantly increased with pro-inflammatory cytokines. Our study highlights that the cervical microbiota of Hispanics living in PR is characteristically diverse, regardless of HPV status and that dysbiosis associated with a decrease in Lactobacillus marks inflammatory processes. Therefore, the joint host-microbe interaction analyses via cytokine signaling and microbiota in precancerous lesions is confirmed to have great translational potential.
Neural networks based parking control of deep-sea HydroThermal Plume Explorer (2009)

Depth parking control is important for the HTPE (HydroThermal Plume Explorer). It aims to have a more accurate parking depth and a less oscillation at the target depth. The plant approaching and motion forecasting model based on RBF neural network is built to self-adjust and approach online motion law of HTPE in ideal circumstance of the sea, and simulate output of given control quantity after an PID control period. Together with RBF neural network model, BP neural network based self-adaptive PID control model is used for rectification of PID parameters and for holding the parking depth. Finally, simulations testify that neural networks based control method is feasible.
Evaluation of CO2-Philicity of Poly(vinyl acetate) and Poly(vinyl acetate-alt-maleate) Copolymers through Molecular Modeling and Dissolution Behavior Measurement (2015)

Multiscale molecular modeling and dissolution behavior measurement were both used to evaluate the factors conclusive on the CO2-philicity of poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) homopolymer and poly(vinyl acetate-alt-maleate) copolymers. The ab initio calculated interaction energies of the candidate CO2-philic molecule models with CO2, including vinyl acetate dimer (VAc), dimethyl maleate (DMM), diethyl maleate (DEM), and dibutyl maleate (DBM), showed that VAc was the most CO2-philc segment. However, the cohesive energy density, solubility parameter, Flory-Huggins parameter, and radial distribution functions calculated by using the molecular dynamics simulations for the four polymer and polymer-CO2 systems indicated that poly(VAc-alt-DBM) had the most CO2-philicity. The corresponding polymers were synthesized by using free radical polymerization. The measurement of cloud point pressures of the four polymers in CO2 also demonstrated that poly(VAc-alt-DBM) had the most CO2-philicity. Although copolymerization of maleate, such as DEM or DBM, with PVAc reduced the polymer-CO2 interactions, the weakened polymer-polymer interaction increased the CO2-philicity of the copolymers. The polymer-polymer interaction had a significant influence on the CO2-philicity of the polymer. Reduction of the polymer-polymer interaction might be a promising strategy to prepare the high CO2-philic polymers on the premise that the strong polymer-CO2 interaction could be maintained.
The Representation of Indigenous Languages of Oceania in Academic Publications (2021)

Of the estimated 7117 languages in the world, approximately 1500 (21%) are indigenous to the Pacific. Despite composing approximately one-fourth of the world’s linguistic diversity, the representation of these languages in academic publication is scant, even in periodicals focused on Pacific Island studies. We investigated 34 periodicals that focus on research in Oceania. We report on (1) journal names; (2) how many are currently in circulation; (3) how many accept submissions in Indigenous Pacific languages; (4) what percent of the most recent articles were actually in Indigenous languages of the Pacific and (5) which languages those were. Five of the 34 journals allowed submissions written in Indigenous Pacific languages. Three of the five journals specified Hawaiian as an accepted language of publication; one Sāmoan and one Tahitian and any other Indigenous language of Polynesia. We were able to collect data on four of the five journals, which averaged 11% of recent publications in an Indigenous language. None accepted submissions in Indigenous languages from the Pacific outside of Polynesia.
Formation Compressive Strength Estimates for Predicting Drillability and PDC Bit Selection (1995)

Abstract Various indirect measuring techniques are presently employed for estimating formation strength, which in turn is correlated to drillability and polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) bit selection. Formation mechanical properties derived from conventional open-hole logs in combination with a rigorous assessment of formation shear wave velocities can be used successfully to determine drillability as it pertains to bit selection. Formation drillability is best determined from unconfined compressive strength and the angle of internal friction assessment. Rock strength is found to correlate well with the overall measures of bit effectiveness. Further, the angle of internal friction, which is a subsidiary rock strength parameter, correlates with PDC bit wear rates. Compressive strength and drillability have been linked in the laboratory and observed in the field since the early 1960's. Compressive strengths, however, need to be qualified as a function of confinement stress. The concept that compressive strength increases with confinement stress is well-understood and can be easily explained with Mohr's failure criteria. With the Mohr's failure technique, it is important to understand that inherent rock strength properties (cohesion and angle of internal friction) must be known before compressive strengths can be estimated. This paper also presents case histories from Gulf of Mexico wells that illustrate how unconfmed compressive strength and angle of internal friction can be employed to indicate drillability as it pertains to optimized bit selection.
A 0.1 μm CMOS technology with tilt-implanted punchthrough stopper (TIPS) (2002)

A 0.1-/spl mu/m CMOS technology with tilt-implanted punchthrough stopper (TIPS) structure is proposed. By taking advantage of large-angle-tilt implant, the p/sup -/ and n/sup -/ TIPS pocket regions are successfully realized adjacent to the n/sup -/ LDD region and p/sup +/ source/drain without increasing impurity concentration under the n/sup +/ and p/sup +/ source/drain junctions for n- and p-FETs, respectively. In spite of the low 10/sup 16/cm/sup -3/-order substrate doping, deep 0.15-0.2 /spl mu/m source/drain, and practically thick 6-nm gate oxides, the TIPS n- and p-FETs are for the first time demonstrated to achieve high punchthrough resistance with suppressed body effect and junction capacitance, at least, down to 0.12 /spl mu/m and 20-40%, improved switching speed of 20 ps unlike conventional FETs, while maintaining full compatibility with the conventional CMOS process. The TIPS n- and p-FETs also exhibit suppressed hot-carrier-induced degradation due to the confined impurity profiles. The TIPS technology is most promising for 0.1-/spl mu/m CMOS ULSIs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
ENERGY TRANSFER IN SILICATE GLASS COACTIVATED WITH CERIUM AND YTTERBIUM (1964)

First Page
Porous MoS2 Synthesized by Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis (2005)

The hydrodesulfurization (HDS) activity of molybdenum sulfide-based catalysts is localized to the edges of this layered solid and is, therefore, highly dependent on the technique used to prepare the material. Here, ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) was used to synthesize porous, nanostructured MoS2. Low surface area powders, not useful for catalysis, are generally produced by USP. This work shows that when combined with a dissolvable template, USP is capable of producing high surface area materials. An aqueous solution of ammonium tetrathiomolybdate and colloidal silica was nebulized and pyrolyzed to give a MoS2/SiO2 composite material. Leaching with HF removed the sacrificial SiO2, resulting in a highly porous MoS2 network with surface areas as high as 250 m2/g. Cobalt-promoted MoS2 networks were also synthesized. The thiophene HDS activities of these materials were substantially higher than those of unsupported MoS2 and RuS2 standards, illustrating the enhanced dispersion of the HDS active phase achieved by this synthetic technique.