gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thiomer-coated liposomes harbor permeation enhancing and efflux pump inhibitory properties (2012)

An ideal oral drug carrier should facilitate drug delivery to the gastrointestinal tract and its absorption into the systemic circulation. To meet these requirements, we developed a thiomer-coated liposomal delivery system composed of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) and a maleimide-functionalized lipid, to which chitosan-thioglycolic acid (CS-TGA) was covalently coupled. In addition to conventional 77 kDa CS-TGA (CS-TGA77), we tested the 150 kDa homologue (CS-TGA150) as well as an S-protected version of this polymer (CS-TGA150-MNA), in which some of the free SH-groups are conjugated with 6-mercaptonicotinamide to protect them from oxidation. Coupling of CS-TGA to the liposomal surface led to an increase in the particle size of at least 150 nm and an increase in the zeta potential from approximately -33 mV to a maximum of about +36 mV, depending on the polymer. As revealed by fluorescence dequenching the formulations have a storage stability of at least two weeks without releasing any encapsulated compounds. In simulated gastric fluid, the system was shown to be stable over 24 h, while in simulated intestinal fluid, a slow, sustained release of encapsulated compounds was observed. According to our experiments, thiomer-coated liposomes did not induce immunogenic reactions after an oral administration to mice. To evaluate the permeation enhancing and efflux pump inhibiting properties of CS-TGA coated liposomes we monitored the transport of fluoresceinisothiocyanate-dextran (FD(4)) and rhodamine-123 (Rho-123), respectively, through rat small intestine. Permeation studies showed a 2.8-fold higher permeation of FD(4) in the presence of CS-TGA77 coated liposomes and an even 4-fold higher permeation in the presence of CSA-TGA150-MNA coated liposomes. The latter also performed best when we evaluated P-glycoprotein inhibiting properties by monitoring the transport of Rho-123, revealing a 4.2-fold enhancement respective to the buffer control. Taken together, thiomer-coated liposomes were shown to protect encapsulated drugs in the stomach, slowly release them in the small intestine and enhance their absorption through the intestinal tissue by opening tight junctions and inhibiting efflux pumps.
Effects of almitrine on respiration in unanesthetized newborn rabbits (1988)

We previously demonstrated that almitrine, a peripheral chemoreceptor stimulant, increased tidal volume (VT), expired minute ventilation (VE), and respiratory frequency (f) and decreased inspiratory (TI) and expiratory time (TE) in sleeping adult cats. We now hypothesized that almitrine would induce an increase in ventilation in a young animal model. Respiration was studied by the barometric method in 11 unanesthetized New Zealand White rabbit pups between 3 and 6 days of age. Recordings were made in 0.21 FIO2 at base line and after cumulative intraperitoneal infusions of almitrine (2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 mg/kg). The chamber pressure deflection (proportional to VT after appropriate calculation) was computer sampled at 200 Hz. At least 100 breaths for each dose in each animal were analyzed. We found that a 7.5-mg/kg intraperitoneal dose of almitrine increased f to 135 +/- 9% (SE) of base line and decreased TE and TI to 72 +/- 8% and 79 +/- 8% of base line, respectively. Changes in VE, VT/TI, and VT were not significant. Recognizing that apnea is associated with inadequate ventilation and a prolonged TE (failure of the "inspiratory on-switch"), these results, particularly the increase in f and decrease in TE, suggest that almitrine might be useful in treating apnea in preterm infants.
Fast geodesic active contours (2001)

We use an unconditionally stable numerical scheme to implement a fast version of the geodesic active contour model. The proposed scheme is useful for object segmentation in images, like tracking moving objects in a sequence of images. The method is based on the Weickert-Romeney-Viergever (additive operator splitting) AOS scheme. It is applied at small regions, motivated by the Adalsteinsson-Sethian level set narrow band approach, and uses Sethian's (1996) fast marching method for re-initialization. Experimental results demonstrate the power of the new method for tracking in color movies.
A Review of Hydrogen Embrittlement of Nickel-Based Alloys for Oil and Gas Applications (2021)

Abstract After a number of failures in the Oil and Gas industry research works on hydrogen embrittlement (HE) of nickel-based alloys has been quite significant. Much work had been done previously in other industries, nuclear and aeronautic in particular. Despite this work, a lot remains to be understood. Among them, precipitation-hardened (PH) nickel alloys UNS N07718 has been significantly studied and its HE resistance is now better assessed based on its microstructure. Less work has been performed on some of the other PH nickel alloys, although, their HE resistance is better appreciated from recent literature data. The results published at NACE Corrosion 2019 from a large JIP study indicated that PH nickel alloys could be split in three families with less susceptible alloys, like UNS N07718, UNS N09925 and UNS N09935, more susceptible alloys like UNS N07725 and UNS N07716, while alloy UNS N09945 had variable susceptibility. Besides PH nickel alloys, other solution-annealed or cold worked alloys are used in environments where hydrogen can be present. As PH alloys they are also susceptible to HE, but published studies are scarce. This paper is a review of internal and published work setting the base of our current understanding on the HE resistance of various PH, solution annealed and cold worked nickel-based alloys. Consequences on the use of these alloys are discussed for Oil and Gas applications.
Efficiency and Safety of Human Reproductive Cell/Tissue Vitrification (2012)

Vitrification is a cryopreservation technique increasingly applied in clinical practice for cells and tissue. This review article focuses mainly on the efficiency of vitrification of human reproductive cells and tissue, by analysing the clinical results reported in the literature. The second aspect discussed is safety of vitrification procedure. Different procedures and different types of carriers can be used, and in some cases vitrification requires a direct contact between cell/tissue/carrier and liquid nitrogen; this causes concern regarding the safety of this cryopreservation technique. Although the risk of contamination during cryopreservation remains negligible, this article explains how to overcome the hypothetical risk of contamination when using different types of vitrification carriers, in order to satisfy all existing directives.
MicroRNA-33 encoded by an intron of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 ( Srebp2 ) regulates HDL in vivo (2010)

Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP-2) transcription factor has been identified as a key protein in cholesterol metabolism through the transactivation of the LDL receptor and cholesterol biosynthesis genes. Here, we generated mice lacking microRNA (miR)-33, encoded by an intron of the Srebp2, and showed that miR-33 repressed the expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) protein, a key regulator of HDL synthesis by mediating cholesterol efflux from cells to apolipoprotein A (apoA)-I. In fact, peritoneal macrophages derived from miR-33-deficient mice showed a marked increase in ABCA1 levels and higher apoA-I-dependent cholesterol efflux than those from WT mice. ABCA1 protein levels in liver were also higher in miR-33-deficient mice than in WT mice. Moreover, miR-33-deficient mice had significantly higher serum HDL cholesterol levels than WT mice. These data establish a critical role for miR-33 in the regulation of ABCA1 expression and HDL biogenesis in vivo.
3D multi-spectral image-guided Near-Infrared spectroscopy using the boundary element method (2008)

Image guided (IG) Near-Infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has the ability to provide high-resolution metabolic and vascular characterization of tissue, with clinical applications in diagnosis of breast cancer. This method is specific to multimodality imaging where tissue boundaries obtained from alternate modalities such as MRI/CT, are used for NIRS recovery. IG-NIRS is severely limited in 3D by challenges such as volumetric meshing of arbitrary anatomical shapes and computational burden encountered by existing models which use finite element method (FEM). We present an efficient and feasible alternative to FEM using boundary element method (BEM). The main advantage is the use of surface discretization which is reliable and more easily generated than volume grids in 3D and enables automation for large number of clinical data-sets. The BEM has been implemented for the diffusion equation to model light propagation in tissue. Image reconstruction based on BEM has been tested in a multi-threading environment using four processors which provides 60% improvement in computational time compared to a single processor. Spectral priors have been implemented in this framework and applied to a three-region problem with mean error of 6% in recovery of NIRS parameters.
Enhanced Hole Transport in Short-Channel Strained-SiGe p-MOSFETs (2009)

Hole mobility and velocity are extracted from scaled strained-Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.45</sub> Ge <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.55</sub> channel p-MOSFETs on insulator. Devices have been fabricated with sub-100-nm gate lengths, demonstrating hole mobility and velocity enhancements in strained- Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.45</sub> Ge <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.55</sub> channel devices relative to Si. The effective hole mobility is extracted utilizing the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dR</i> / <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dL</i> method. A hole mobility enhancement is observed relative to Si hole universal mobility for short-channel devices with gate lengths ranging from 65 to 150 nm. Hole velocities extracted using several different methods are compared. The hole velocity of strained-SiGe p-MOSFETs is enhanced over comparable Si control devices. The hole velocity enhancements extracted are on the order of 30%. Ballistic velocity simulations suggest that the addition of (110) uniaxial compressive strain to Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.45</sub> Ge <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.55</sub> can result in a more substantial increase in velocity relative to relaxed Si.
Video Packet Selection and Scheduling for Multipath Streaming (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> This paper addresses the problem of choosing the best streaming policy for distortion optimal multipath video delivery, under network bandwidth and playback delay constraints. The streaming policy consists in a joint selection of the network path and of the video packets to be transmitted, along with their sending time. A simple streaming model is introduced, which takes into account the video packet importance, and the dependencies between packets. A careful timing analysis allows to compute the quality perceived by the receiver for a constrained playback delay, as a function of the streaming policy. We derive an optimization problem based on a video abstraction model, under the assumption that the server knows, or can predict accurately the state of the network. A detailed analysis of constrained multipath streaming systems provides helpful insights to design an efficient branch and bound algorithm that finds the optimal streaming strategy. This solution allows to bound the performance of any scheduling strategy, but the complexity of the algorithm becomes rapidly intractable. We therefore propose a fast heuristic-based algorithm, built on load-balancing principles. It allows to reach close to optimal performance with a polynomial time complexity. The algorithm is then adapted to live streaming scenarios, where the server has only a partial knowledge of the packet stream, and the channel bandwidth. Extensive simulations show that the proposed algorithm only induces a negligible distortion penalty compared to the optimal strategy, even when the optimization horizon is limited, or the rate estimation is not perfect. Simulation results also demonstrate that the proposed scheduling solution performs better than common scheduling algorithms, and therefore represents a very efficient low-complexity multipath streaming algorithm, for both stored and live video services. </para>
New Triple Self-Aligned (SA3) Split-Gate Flash Cell with T-Shaped Source Coupling (2005)

A new triple self-aligned (SA3) split-gate flash cell with a T-shaped source coupling approach is described in this paper. This novel structure can significantly enhance coupling capacitance between the source and floating gate without increasing cell size. The enhancement can be simply modulated by an oxide-etching step. This new structure can be applied to program voltage reduction and cell size scaling. For program voltage reduction, the maximum program voltage of the new cell can be reduced from 7.4 to 6.4 V, which is characterized by a newly developed methodology for program vs disturb window characterization. For cell size scaling, comparable sort-1 and sort-2 yields are demonstrated using the new cell with a shorter floating length and a shallower source junction. To understand the relationship between source coupling ratio (SCR) and the program/erase mechanism, an insightful discussion on the program and erase mechanisms for our split-gate flash cell is also shown in this paper.
Aromatic ring stacking in the ternary copper(II) complexes [Cu(histamine)(L-AA)(ClO4)] (AA = phenylalaninate, tyrosinate). Structural evidence for intramolecular stacking involving a coordinated imidazole ring (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAromatic ring stacking in the ternary copper(II) complexes [Cu(histamine)(L-AA)(ClO4)] (AA = phenylalaninate, tyrosinate). Structural evidence for intramolecular stacking involving a coordinated imidazole ringOsamu Yamauchi, Akira Odani, Takamitsu Kohzuma, Hideki Masuda, Koshiro Toriumi, and Kazuo SaitoCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1989, 28, 22, 4066–4068Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00321a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00321a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views208Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Network coding for data dissemination: it is not what you know, but what your neighbors don't know (2009)

We propose a linear network coding scheme to disseminate a finite number of data packets in arbitrary networks. The setup assumes a packet erasure channel, slotted time, and that nodes cannot transmit and receive information simultaneously. The dissemination process is completed when all terminals can decode the original data packets. We also assume a perfect knowledge of the information at each of the nodes, but not necessarily a perfect knowledge of the channel. A centralized controller decides which nodes should transmit, to what set of receiver nodes, and what information should be broadcasted. We show that the problem can be thought of as a scheduling problem, which is hard to solve. Thus, we consider the use of a greedy algorithm that only takes into account the current state of the system to make a decision. The proposed algorithm tries to maximize the impact on the network at each slot, i.e. maximize the number of nodes that will benefit from the coded packet sent by each active transmitter. We show that our scheme is considerably better, in terms of the number of slots to complete transmission, than schemes that choose the node with more information as the transmitter at every time slot.
Unsteady friction models for conservative solution schemes in transient pipe flows (2005)

The accurate and appropriate simulation of pressure transients (or unsteady flows) in pipeline systems is an essential requirement for many applications. To improve the sensitivity and flexibility of transient analysis, this research uses a conservative solution scheme including all terms in basic equations. Understanding the unsteady hydraulic resistance behavior is of great importance for the dynamic calculation. Various unsteady friction models based on weighting functions have been incorporated and modified in the conservative solution scheme. For transients in compressible flow, the compressibility of gas is the dominant physical property. The proposed model in this research can simulate both water and gas transient flow and has been verified by undertaking laboratory experiments.
A novel approach for system level synthesis of multi-core system architectures from TPG models (2011)

A multi-processor system is an integrated circuit containing multiple processor cores that implements most of the functionality of a complex electronic system and some other components like FPGA/ASIC on a single chip. In this paper, we present a novel approach to synthesize multi-core system architectures from Task Precedence Graphs (TPG) models. The front end engine applies efficient algorithm for scheduling and communication contention resolving to obtain the optimal multi-core system architecture in terms of number of processor cores, number of busses, task-to-processor/channel-to-bus mapping, optimal schedule, and hardware-software (HW-SW) partition. The scheduling and mapping algorithms produce the optimality of mapping tasks onto cores. The partitioning technique reduces the overall execution time and number of buses among the cores. The back end engine generates a SystemC simulation model using a well-known commercial tool model generation library. The viability and potential of the proposed algorithms are demonstrated by a case study and extensive experimental results to conclude that the proposed approach is an efficient scheme to obtain the optimality of scheduling, mapping and partitioning with hard and large task graph problems.
GNSS Multipath and Jamming Mitigation Using High-Mask-Angle Antennas and Multiple Constellations (2014)

Multipath and jamming interference affects the accuracy, availability, and continuity of global navigation satellite systems. The U.S. Global Positioning System and the Russian Global'naya Navigatsionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema (GLONASS) are being joined by the European Galileo and the Chinese BeiDou. An increasing number of satellites in multiple constellations enable users to use high-mask-angle antennas (HMAAs) to mitigate interference signals coming from a low-elevation angle. This paper studies the optimal antenna mask angle that maximizes the suppression of interference but still maintains the performance of a single constellation with a low-mask-angle antenna. This paper first proves a novel lower bound on the expectation of dilution of precision (DOP) and derives closed-form formulas that relate the lower bound to the antenna mask angle and the number of satellites. Then, through extensive simulations, a variety of optimal mask angles are obtained with respect to different constellation settings, different DOP metrics, and different assumptions of range accuracy. The numerical results highly agree with our theory. Both of them show that two constellations can match the performance of one constellation with a 5°-14° higher mask, and three constellations can match the performance of one constellation with an 11°-23° higher mask, depending on the DOP metric and the range error model used. The numerical results also show that using HMAAs is more beneficial to users interested in positioning accuracy than to users interested in time transfer accuracy.
Multiple and alternative adhesive responses on defined substrata of an immortalized dorsal root neuron hybrid cell line. (1988)

Attachment and neurite extension processes have been evaluated for an immortalized derivative cell of a rat dorsal root neuron after fusion with a mouse neuroblastoma cell (the clonal F11 hybrid cell line) and these processes compared with previous studies of neuroblastoma cells, since both cell types may be derived from the neural crest of the developing embryo. Biochemically defined substrata were provided by human plasma fibronectin (pFN), the heparan sulfate-binding protein platelet factor-4 (PF4), and the ganglioside GM1-binding protein cholera toxin B subunit (CTB). While some attachment of unsupplemented cells was noted on CTB substrata, GM1 supplementation permitted F11 cells to attach as well on CTB as on pFN or PF4. On PF4, very few neurite processes were observed while on pFN two morphologically distinct types of neurites could be identified: short, linear processes in a low percentage of cells resembling those of neuroblastoma cells and long, irregular and narrow processes in a higher percentage of cells resembling those of dorsal root neurons. On CTB, neurites of the latter class were even more prominent; however, cell bodies on CTB failed to spread by cytoplasmic extension as commonly observed in F11 cells on pFN and, to some extent, on PF4. The formation of both neurite classes on either pFN or CTB was completely inhibited by low concentrations of an RGDS (Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser) peptide in the medium of cultures, indicating the significance of pFN's binding to cell surface integrin or ganglioside GM1's possible interaction with integrin for mediating the differentiative process. In contrast, neurite formation of neuroblastoma cells is refractile to the soluble peptide as reported previously. Neurite extensions of F11 cells on either pFN or CTB were comparably sensitive to low concentrations of cytochalasin D, revealing the mediation of microfilament reorganization in these processes. Treatment of F11 cells with cycloheximide failed to inhibit neurite extension on pFN but did partially inhibit extension on CTB; this contrasts with the very high sensitivity of neurite formation by neuroblastoma cells on CTB substrata reported previously.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)