gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Membrane receptors as general markers for plasma membrane isolation procedures. The use of 125-I-labeled wheat germ agglutinin, insulin, and cholera toxin (1975)

Specific cell surface membrane receptors, labeled by forming a complex with low concentrations (about 10--9 M to 10--10 M) of a highly radioactive (125-I, carrier-free) ligand, can serve as simple, reliable, sensitive, and quantitative markers for plasma membranes in fractionation procedures. 125-I-Labeled insulin, cholera toxin and the plant lictins, wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), and concanavalin A are the receptor ligands used for labeling plasma membranes. Plasma membranes are labeled before homogenization by incubating intact cells briefly at 24 degrees or 4 degrees, or by very brief in situ perfusion of the organ, with the 125-I-Labeled marker. After removing the free 125-I-labeled ligand from the medium by washing (at 4 degrees), the membrane-marker complex remains intact over prolonged (days) periods of time at 4 degrees. Labeling occurs nearly exclusively on the cell surface, the specificity of this plasma membrane reaction is maintained through homogenization and fractionation, and little dissociation of the complex, detectable exchange of label, or aggregation occur even upon prolonged incubation of the homogenates. When desired, the complex can be dissociated deliberately by manipulating experimental conditions such as temperature or by adding specific simple sugars. The most generally suitable marker appears to be WGA. At least in certain tissues (e. g. fat cells) labeling of the plasma membrane with 125-I-WGA and 125-I-isnulin can be performed equally well and selectively in homogenates as in the intact cell. 125-I-Cholera toxin cannot be used in homogenates because of significant binding to nuclei. The use of 125-I-labeled WGA as a specific plasma membrane marker is illustrated in following the course of fractionations, and in quantitating the yield and purity, of plasma membranes from fat cells, lymphocytes, and liver. The results are compared with simultaneous measurements of the plasma membrane enzyme "markers," ATPase, 5-nucleotidase, and basal as well as hormone-stimulated adenylate cyclase activities. The fractionation of liver plasma membranes by aqueous dextran-polyethylene glycol two-phase polymer systems and by conventional differential centrifugation procedures arealso quantitated with the marker, 125I-WGA. Substantial quantities of plasma membrane material are no recovered in the interphase of the two-phase polymer system. Conventional liver fractionation procedures which retain, for further purification, only the readily sedimented pellet (2000 times g, 15 min) discard a very large (at least 70%) questenal hy
Combining MPEG Tools to Generate Video Summaries Adapted to the Terminal and Network (2012)

Moving picture experts group (MPEG) standards provide tools for a broad range of purposes, covering from coding to metadata description tools. In this paper, the combined use of tools from different MPEG standards is described in the context of a video summarization application. The main objective of the framework is the efficient generation of summaries, integrated with their adaptation to the user's terminal and network. The MPEG-4 Scalable Video Coding specification is used for fast adaptation and summary bitstream generation. MPEG-21 digital item adaptation tools are used to describe metadata related to the user's terminal and network. MPEG-7 tools are used to describe the summary. Finally, the framework is compared with alternative approaches (variations and transcoding), in terms of efficiency, rate-distortion performance and other aspects.
An Ultra-Compact Wavelength Diplexer Engineered by Subwavelength Grating (2017)

With the assistance of subwavelength grating (SWG), an ultra-compact multimode interference (MMI)based diplexer is proposed. A certain number of SWG pitches are implemented in the middle of the MMI section, which can engineer the effective refractive index for the modes and, therefore, tune the beat length. With proper tailoring of the grating parameters, the beat lengths of the two wavelengths can be reduced as well as the device length, which has to match several odd or even times of beat lengths of both wavelengths. As a result, the proposed wavelength diplexer is 43.4 μm in length, which is only ~30% of its conventional counterpart. It also displays a wide 1-dB bandwidth of ~150 nm around the wavelength of 1310 and ~120 nm around the wavelength of 1550 nm. The insertion losses are less than 0.1 dB for the two operating wavelengths while the extinction ratios are both better than 20 dB.
High-frequency electrical properties of individual and bundled carbon nanotubes (2007)

Bundles of single wall carbon nanotubes have been proposed as an interconnect that could potentially replace copper in state-of-the-art ultralarge-scale-integrated circuits if theoretically predicted inductance, resistance, and capacitance scale with the number of carbon nanotubes within the bundle. The authors report direct measurement of the kinetic inductance of individual single wall carbon nanotubes and measurement of the high-frequency impedance of bundles showing that the bundle inductance scales with the number of individual carbon nanotubes.
Wer hat die reale Macht in der Ukraine? (1997)

'Die neue ukrainische Verfassung, die am 28. Juni 1996 vom Parlament verabschiedet wurde, ist ein 'Kind des Kompromisses' zwischen der Exekutive und der Legislative einerseits, und des Kompromisses zwischen den politischen Parteien und ideologischen Positionen andererseits. Die Analyse der neuen ukrainischen Verfassung und ein Vergleich mit der rußländischen führt zu der Schußfolgerung, daß die Ukraine eine Mischform zwischen präsidialer und parlamentarischer Demokratie gewählt hat. Diese parlamentarisch-präsidiale Form der Demokratie mit drei Gegengewichten (Präsident, Parlament und Regierung) soll die Rückkehr zum Machtmonopol einer Gewalt ausschließen. Im Laufe von drei Monaten nach der Annahme der Verfassung wurde das vierte Gegengewicht etabliert: das Verfassungsgericht.' (Autorenreferat)
Distributions of hole and electron trapping centers in SiO2 film on Si, and the relation with the electrostatic tribo electrification phenomena of quartz (1986)

The details of the distribution of hole and electron trapping centers in SiO2 film on Si have been studied. Trapped holes are located and related mainly to excess silicon at the Si-SiO2 interface and trapped electrons are located and related mainly to excess oxygen at the SiO2 surface. By the friction tests of quartz samples, new electrostatic tribo electrification phenomena were found. By oxygen annealing, the trapping of quartz changes from positive to negative and by friction of the same type quartz samples, the surface changes show the same polarity. These results show that electro tribo electrification phenomena are related to surface hole and electron trapping states.
IMiD immunomodulatory compounds block C/EBPβ translation through eIF4E down-regulation resulting in inhibition of MM (2011)

Immunomodulatory derivatives of thalidomide (IMiD compounds), such as pomalidomide and lenalidomide, are highly active in multiple myeloma (MM) treatment. However, the precise mechanisms of action and resistance in MM are unresolved. Here we show that IMiD compounds down-regulate CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-β (C/EBPβ) resulting in abrogation of cell proliferation. Overexpression of C/EBPβ rescued MM cells from IMiD-induced inhibition of proliferation, indicating that C/EBPβ is critical in mediating antiproliferative effects. IMiD-induced decrease of C/EBPβ protein led to impaired transcription of interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4). Down-regulation of IRF4 by lenalidomide was confirmed by longitudinal studies of bone marrow samples from 23 patients obtained before and during lenalidomide treatment using CD138⁺/IRF4⁺ double labeling. In contrast to down-regulation of C/EBPβ protein, IMiD compounds did not alter C/EBPβ mRNA levels or protein stability, suggesting translational regulation of C/EBPβ. We could demonstrate that C/EBPβ protein expression is under eIF4E-translational control in MM. Furthermore, inhibition of the eIF4E-C/EBPβ axis by IMiD compounds was not observed in IMiD-resistant MM cells. However, targeting translation at a different level by inhibiting eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 phosphorylation overcame resistance, suggesting that this pathway is critical and might be a target to overcome drug resistance.
Construction of thermoresponsive SCKs through tuning the crystalline melting point of the core domain (2008)

Shell cross-linked knedel-like (SCK) block copolymer micellar nanoparticles were prepared from poly(acrylic acid-b-octadecyl acrylate-co-decyl acrylate) and studied as unique systems, having tunable core melting transition temperatures (Tm). Tm depression was accomplished by diluting octadecyl acrylate with the co-monomer decyl acrylate in the construction of the hydrophobic block segment of amphiphilic block copolymers of similar lengths and chemical compositions. Organization of those block copolymers into micelles and cross-linking throughout the shell then afforded a series of SCKs that exhibited core Tm values ranging from 3 to 40 °C. Confinement of the side-chain crystalline polymer chains within the core of the SCKs resulted in depression and broadening of the Tm values, which increased by ca. 5 °C when the shell was hydrated, as determined by differential scanning calorimetry measurements in the dry and 30 % (w/w) hydrated states. Passage through the melting transition was also observed for the SCKs dispersed in water, by dynamic light scattering experiments, which revealed an expansion and then collapse in hydrodynamic diameter over the temperature range of core melting. As the crystalline-amorphous core behaviors could be tuned over physiological temperature ranges, these nanoparticles are expected to be of utility as tunable drug delivery devices, with control over the kinetics and conditions of packaging and release.
Tyrosine Hydroxylase and Dopamine D4 Receptor Allelic Distribution in Scandinavian Chronic Alcoholics (1997)

Associations of polymorphic genetic markers at the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) loci were examined in Scandinavian chronic alcoholics (n= 72) and control subjects (n = 67). Patients were divided into subgroups with regard to the presence of parental alcoholism and age of onset. Neither the TH nor the DRD4 allele distributions were significantly different when alcoholic samples were compared with control subjects. However, a tendency to high prevalence for 1 of the 5 TH alleles assayed (TH-K3) was observed in a subsample of 44 alcoholics characterized by late onset when compared with control subjects (27.3% vs. 10.6%, p= 0.041). Results suggest that no major influence on alcoholism is exerted through genes associated with the DRD4 or TH allelic markers examined.
A 3 $\mu$W CMOS True Random Number Generator With Adaptive Floating-Gate Offset Cancellation (2008)

This paper presents two novel hardware random number generators (RNGs) based on latch metastability. We designed the first, the DC-nulling RNG, for extremely low power operation. The second, the FIR-based RNG, uses a predictive whitening filter to remove nonrandom components from the generated bit sequence. In both designs, the use of floating-gate memory cells allows us to predict and compensate for DC offsets and other nonrandom influences while minimizing power consumption. We also present an efficient digital post-processing technique for improving randomness. We fabricated both RNGs in a standard 0.35 mum CMOS process. The DC-nulling RNG occupied .031 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> of die area, while the FIR-based RNG occupied 1.49 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Preparation ofc-axis oriented (Nd, Ce)2CuOythin films by tripolar-type DC magnetron sputtering (1998)

Abstract Thin films of a superconducting oxide (Nd, Ce)2CuO y , noted as an electron-doped type were prepared on a SrTiO3 (100) substrate by tripolar-type DC magnetron sputtering. Two kind of metals: Nd ‒ Ce alloy and Cu were used as targets to fabricate multimetal films. To make an oxide, two-step oxidation in air was effective, c-axis oriented films were prepared with Tc (onset) = 15 K and a resistivity of 7 m Ω cm, whose value is good enough as an electrode for a ferroelectric thin film.
A single chromosome assembly of Bacteroides fragilis strain BE1 from Illumina and MinION nanopore sequencing data (2015)

The single chromosome assembly of Bacteroides fragilis strain BE1 was achieved using only modest amounts of data, publicly available software and commodity computing hardware. This combination of technologies offers the possibility of ultra-cheap, high quality, finished bacterial genomes.
Fresnel's interface reflection coefficients for the parallel and perpendicular polarizations: global properties and facts not found in your textbook (1994)

This paper reviews recently obtained results related to Fresnel's reflection coefficients which play a central role in the optics of light reflection by surfaces and thin films. Topics include conjugate and reciprocal interfaces between transparent media, reflectance matching between normal and oblique incidence, and reflectance switching. For light reflection at interfaces between transparent and absorbing media, contours of constant pseudo-Brewster angle and of constant principal angle are presented in the complex plane, along with a discussion of a condition of maximum minimum parallel reflectance at oblique incidence. Conformal mappings that describe the transformation of the Fresnel coefficients between normal and oblique incidence, and between the s and p polarizations at the same angle, are included. Reflectance for incident light of arbitrary polarization is also considered. Finally, trajectories that describe the evolution of the Fresnel coefficients with angle of incidence are presented.
Down-regulation of poison ivy/oak-induced contact sensitivity by treatment with a class II MHC binding peptide:hapten conjugate (1997)

Immune regulation of contact sensitivity to the poison ivy/oak catechol was studied at the level of class II MHC-restricted T cell recognition of hapten:peptide conjugates. In this study we have shown that 1) T cells from C3H/HeN (H-2k) mice, immunized with a synthetic I-Ak binding peptide coupled to 3-pentadecyl-catechol (PDC; a representative catechol in urushiol), recognized peptides derived from syngeneic cells linked to the same catechol; 2) T cells from draining lymph nodes of C3H/HeN mice skin-painted with PDC proliferated in response to a peptide carrier:PDC conjugate only when it was linked at the 7th, but not the 4th or the 10th, position on the peptide carrier; and 3) tolerization studies confirmed down-regulation of PDC-induced delayed-type hypersensitivity following treatment with a single I-Ak binding peptide carrying PDC covalently bound to a lysine residue at the middle (7th) TCR contact position. Tolerization with peptide:PDC conjugate resulted in abrogation of hapten-specific T cell proliferative responses that correlated with diminished IL-2 secretion. On the basis of these data we propose that it may be sufficient to couple the hapten at a single, well-chosen position on a carrier peptide to target a relevant population of T cells involved in contact sensitivity.
HRTEM investigations between minerals, fluids and lithobiontic communities during natural weathering. Progress report, September 1, 1993--February 28, 1994 (1994)

HRTEM and AEM analysis of riebeckite and acmite from the interiors of moderately weathered syenite reveals that interaction of these minerals with surficial fluids resulted in the almost complete removal of Na, Ca, and Si. Fe remained relatively immobile, forming arrays of semi-oriented nanocrystalline ferrihydrite and goethite at the primary mineral-secondary mineral interface. The goethite intimately contacts an irregularly corroded amphibole surface. Smectite occurs sporadically as isolated crystallites a few layers thick which are surrounded by goethite. No obvious structural alignment between clay and amphibole or pyroxene was seen. Data suggest that almost all Si is transported in solution to more open regions between islands of nanocrystalline goethite, where it crystallizes as an Fe - rich smectite. Alteration assemblages in wider channels are comprised of euhedral goethite crystals that, within a submicron-sized area, range in size from 5--40 manometers. Sub-grain boundary structures and the porosity distribution suggests evolution of particle size by coarsening. Optical microscopy demonstrates intimate contact between lichen thalli and mineral surfaces. Lichen thalli exploit cracks and open cleavages to extend several millimeters within mineral interiors. Preliminary TEM data suggest the alteration assemblage consists of a polymer-bound mass of chemically complex aluminosilicates.
A Framework for Secure End-to-End Delivery of Messages in Publish/Subscribe Systems (2006)

In this paper, we present a framework for the secure end-to-end delivery of messages in distributed messaging infrastructures based on the publish/subscribe paradigm. The framework enables authorized publishing and consumption of messages. Brokers, which constitute individual nodes within the messaging infrastructure, also ensure that the dissemination of content is enabled only for authorized entities. The framework includes strategies to cope with attack scenarios such as denial of service attacks and replay attacks. Finally, we include experimental results from our implementation
A new method for parameter estimation in probabilistic models: Minimum\n probability flow (2020)

Fitting probabilistic models to data is often difficult, due to the general\nintractability of the partition function. We propose a new parameter fitting\nmethod, Minimum Probability Flow (MPF), which is applicable to any parametric\nmodel. We demonstrate parameter estimation using MPF in two cases: a continuous\nstate space model, and an Ising spin glass. In the latter case it outperforms\ncurrent techniques by at least an order of magnitude in convergence time with\nlower error in the recovered coupling parameters.\n
Microcirculatory Consequences of Blood Substitution with αα-Hemoglobin (1995)

Blood substitution with non-cellular fluids lowers blood viscosity and increases blood flow velocity, altering the oxygen delivering capacity of the microcirculation and the balance between diffusive and convective oxygen transport. When blood volume is maintained with either crystalloid or colloidal volume replacement, microcirculatory oxygen transport is adequate for red blood cell losses of the order of 60%. Hemoglobin solutions utilizing αα-hemoglobin show microvascular effects similar to those found with non-oxygen carrying solutions, but are reduced and the additional intrinsic oxygen carrying capacity of the blood/solution mixture is not manifested. Mathematical analysis of microvascular data shows that these effects are due to increased oxygen delivery capacity of the circulation, which increases arteriolar oxygenation. Ensuing metabolic autoregulatory responses lead to an oxygenation paradox resulting in vasoconstriction, impairment of functional capillary density, and increased microcirculatory metabolism, causing decreased tissue oxygenation. It is proposed that higher viscosity, left-shifted hemoglobin oxygen saturation solutions will fully oxygenate tissue.
Frontispiece: Exploring the Biocatalytic Potential of Fe/α‐Ketoglutarate‐Dependent Halogenases (2020)

Freestanding Fe/α-ketoglutarate-dependent halogenases are interesting development targets as they may serve as valuable tools for the synthesis of high-value compounds. To date, a small number of indole alkaloid and amino acid halogenases have been identified and characterized. Initial enzyme engineering examples indicate that the accessible substrate range of these enzymes may be expanded whereas their throughout biophysical characterization continues to inform about the principles governing the halogenation mechanism. For more information see the Concept article by R. Buller et al. on page 7336 ff.
Mößbauer‐Spektrometrie am System CaO–Fe2O3 (1973)

Magnetische Eigenschaften und Mößbauer‐Spektren der Calciumferrite. Untersuchungen an 2CaO · Fe 2 O 3 , CaO · Fe 2 O 3 und CaO · 2Fe 2 O 3 . Möglichkeiten einer Phasenanalyse am System CaO–Fe 2 O 3 .
Characterization of oil and starch accumulation in tubers of Cyperus esculentus var. sativus (Cyperaceae): A novel model system to study oil reserves in nonseed tissues (2010)

The developmental pattern in the build up of storage nutrients in the tubers highlights nutsedge as a novel model plant, having potential to significantly widen our understanding on how synthesis of storage reserves, and in particular oils, is regulated and directed in nonseed tissues such as tubers and roots.
Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Tylophorine through a Formal [2+2] Cycloaddition Followed by Migrative Ring Opening of a Cyclobutane (2015)

The asymmetric total synthesis of phenanthroindolizidine alkaloid (–)-tylophorine was achieved by asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of a cyclic imine. The cyclic imine with a pendant phenanthrene core was synthesized by a TfOH-promoted domino ring-contraction/ring-opening sequence of a cyclobutanol bearing an azide group, which was constructed by a formal [2+2] cycloaddition of a 2′-vinyl-1,1′-biaryl-2-yl ketone enolate. Catalytic asymmetric hydrogenation of the cyclic imine intermediate allowed the late-stage construction of the asymmetric center.
Intracellular A53T Mutant α-Synuclein Impairs Adult Hippocampal Newborn Neuron Integration (2020)

Dendritic dysfunction is an early event in α-synuclein (α-syn) mediated neurodegeneration. Altered postsynaptic potential and loss of dendritic spines have been observed in different <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> models of synucleinopathies. The integration of newborn neurons into the hippocampus offers the possibility to study dendrite and spine formation in an adult environment. Specifically, survival of hippocampal adult newborn neurons is regulated by synaptic input and was reduced in a mouse model transgenic for human A53T mutant α-syn. We thus hypothesized that dendritic integration of newborn neurons is impaired in the adult hippocampus of A53T mice. We analyzed dendritic morphology of adult hippocampal neurons 1 month after retroviral labeling. Dendrite length was unchanged in the dentate gyrus of A53T transgenic mice. However, spine density and mushroom spine density of newborn neurons were severely decreased. In this mouse model, transgenic α-syn was expressed both within newborn neurons and within their environment. To specifically determine the cell autonomous effects, we analyzed cell-intrinsic overexpression of A53T α-syn using a retrovirus. Since A53T α-syn overexpressing newborn neurons exhibited decreased spine density 1 month after labeling, we conclude that cell-intrinsic A53T α-syn impairs postsynaptic integration of adult hippocampal newborn neurons. Our findings further support the role of postsynaptic degeneration as an early feature in synucleinopathies and provide a model system to study underlying mechanisms.