gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New probes and optical spectroscopies for immune parasitological applications (2006)

The advent of monoclonal antibody technology in the 1970s heralded a massive expansion in immunological research and provided the tools linked to optical spectroscopies to rapidly and accurately diagnose disease, localize targets, phenotype cells, deplete cell populations, purify cell populations, and quantify physiological and immunological mediators. However, there is always a demand for the development of new ultra sensitive, ultra specific, and more flexible high throughput technologies. This requires either utilizing more refined and powerful probes than monoclonal antibodies to bind to targets, or using new more sensitive optical spectroscopies to localize and quantify readouts from the signals generated following binding, or a combination of both of these factors. Aptamers (= to fit), first described in 1990 (1,2) as a substitute for antibodies, may be the ideal tools to fulfil the first requirement. However, their use in immunoparasitological systems remains limited and awaits further exploitation.
Exosomes Transfer p53 between Cells and Can Suppress Growth and Proliferation of p53-Negative Cells (2018)

Exosomes are nanosized vesicles that are secreted by many types of cells. We have found that exosomes secreted by HEK293 and HT-1080 can suppress growth and proliferation of p53-deficient cells. Upon overexpression of exogenous p53-GFP in HEK293 cells, we observed p53 protein in exosomes that were secreted by these cells. We also found endogenous p53 in exosomes that were secreted by HT-1080 cells with a higher level of p53 expression. We were able to detect endogenous p53 protein in exosomes that originated from human plasma and were transferred to p53-deficient cells. Our findings indicate that p53 protein can be transferred between cells and may play an important physiological role.
Small-animal dark-field radiography for pulmonary emphysema evaluation (2014)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide and emphysema is one of its main components. The disorder is characterized by irreversible destruction of the alveolar walls and enlargement of distal airspaces. Despite the severe changes in the lung tissue morphology, conventional chest radiographs have only a limited sensitivity for the detection of mild to moderate emphysema. X-ray dark-field is an imaging modality that can significantly increase the visibility of lung tissue on radiographic images. The dark-field signal is generated by coherent, small-angle scattering of x-rays on the air-tissue interfaces in the lung. Therefore, morphological changes in the lung can be clearly visualized on dark-field images. This is demonstrated by a preclinical study with a small-animal emphysema model. To generate a murine model of pulmonary emphysema, a female C57BL/6N mouse was treated with a single orotracheal application of porcine pancreatic elastase (80 U/kg body weight) dissolved in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Control mouse received PBS. The mice were imaged using a small-animal dark-field scanner. While conventional x-ray transmission radiography images revealed only subtle indirect signs of the pulmonary disorder, the difference between healthy and emphysematous lungs could be clearly directly visualized on the dark-field images. The dose applied to the animals is compatible with longitudinal studies. The imaging results correlate well with histology. The results of this study reveal the high potential of dark-field radiography for clinical lung imaging.
Tumor Physiology and Delivery of Nanopharmaceuticals (2006)

Over the past few decades significant advances have been made in the development of nanopharmaceuticals (including phospholipid and polymer-based therapeutics) against cancer. There is still, however, room for improvement. Today, many researchers are focusing on the development of innovative approaches to selectively deliver drugs to solid tumors, while minimizing insult to healthy tissues. Unfortunately, the majority of these efforts are confronted by physiological barriers that reduce the clinical dose required to effectively manage the disease state. In an effort to develop promising nanopharmaceutical products of the future, we review the most important problems facing drug delivery experts today. We discuss here, the physiological role of solid tumors in delivery and transport of nanopharmaceutical products. The nature of tumors in terms of their unique anatomical structure and functions is also discussed. Finally, an overview of ways to overcome physiological barrier functions and exploit tumor pathogenesis for therapeutic gain is provided.
Unique gel of xanthan gum with ionic liquid and its conversion into high performance hydrogel (2009)

An ionic liquid gel and a hydrogel of xanthan gum were prepared, the former showed a thermally induced shape-memory effect and the latter was further converted into an ionically cross-linked hydrogel with reversible swelling-shrinking behavior using Ca2+.
Total Synthesis of (±)-Trigonoliimine C via Oxidative Rearrangement of an Unsymmetrical Bis-Tryptamine (2011)

We report the first total synthesis of (±)-trigonoliimine C, a member of a family of structurally complex alkaloids, in 10 steps from tryptamine and 6-methoxytryptamine. Our convergent synthetic strategy relies on a selective oxidative rearrangement of an unsymmetrical 2,2'-bis-tryptamine.
The use of lossless compression in the process of post-filtration smoothing of an ECG distorted by high muscle noise (2020)

The electrocardiogram (ECG) of the first lead, obtained using portable signal collection tools is noise sensitive. One of the most common and poorly filterable types of noise is muscle artefact. As a result of the simulation, a criterion was found that identifies situations in which the use of kernel-based ECG smoothing after the filtering stage is relevant. This criterion is based on the difference in compression coefficients of the ECG smoothed after filtering and filtered ECG. The use of post-filtering smoothing is recommended if this difference is greater than zero. In this case, post-filtering smoothing improves signal quality in terms of mean-square error. The correctness of the criterion was confirmed on real ECG results (MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database), distorted by real muscle artefact (MIT-BIH Noise Stress Test Database).
A backhaul-aware cell selection algorithm for heterogeneous cellular networks (2013)

This paper considers heterogeneous cellular networks, where cluster of small cells are deployed to create local hot spots inside the macro cell. In the past, most of the research in this topic has focused on mitigating inter cell interference; however, wireless backhaul has recently emerged as an urgent challenge to enable ubiquitous broadband wireless services at small cells. Hence, we propose a novel cell selection framework, which associates users and heterogeneous access nodes to improve the efficiency in the overall radio and backhaul resource utilization and avoid load congestions. We also model the relationships amongst cell load, resource management, backhaul capacity constraints, and the overall network capacity. Then, we describe the cell selection problem and we present a heuristic algorithm, named as Evolve, to solve it with limited complexity. Our analysis shows that Evolve achieves near optimal performance leading to notable capacity improvements with respect to the classic SINR based association scheme.
Autonomous scanning probe microscopy with hypothesis learning: Exploring the physics of domain switching in ferroelectric materials (2023)

Using hypothesis-learning-driven automated scanning probe microscopy (SPM), we explore the bias-induced transformations that underpin the functionality of broad classes of devices and materials from batteries and memristors to ferroelectrics and antiferroelectrics. Optimization and design of these materials require probing the mechanisms of these transformations on the nanometer scale as a function of a broad range of control parameters, leading to experimentally intractable scenarios. Meanwhile, often these behaviors are understood within potentially competing theoretical hypotheses. Here, we develop a hypothesis list covering possible limiting scenarios for domain growth in ferroelectric materials, including thermodynamic, domain-wall pinning, and screening limited. The hypothesis-driven SPM autonomously identifies the mechanisms of bias-induced domain switching, and the results indicate that domain growth is ruled by kinetic control. We note that the hypothesis learning can be broadly used in other automated experiment settings.
Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Attenuates Exogenous Surfactant in Lung-injured Adult Rabbits (2002)

Exogenous surfactant administration in patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome is currently being evaluated, although resource limitations and the potential expense are existing concerns. Previous in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that substances such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) added to exogenous surfactant improved the function of the surfactant. Based on these data, we hypothesized that PEG would augment surfactant function in an adult rabbit model of lung injury induced by lung lavage and mechanical ventilation, and that this would be accomplished by altering surfactant metabolism. Contrary to our hypothesis, however, mean Pa(O(2)), Pa(CO(2)), and peak inspiratory pressures values 3 h after treatment were significantly worse in the surfactant + PEG treatment groups compared with the surfactant alone groups. These effects were observed for two different doses of surfactant tested. Lavage analyses after sacrifice showed that animals given PEG with their surfactant had significantly lower total and large aggregate surfactant pool sizes compared with animals given surfactant alone. We conclude that in this lung injury model, PEG attenuated surfactant responses, suggesting that further preclinical studies are required before testing this approach in humans.
Control of Tribological Properties with a Series of Random Copolymers (2002)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTControl of Tribological Properties with a Series of Random CopolymersTaku Aoike, Tomokazu Ikeda, Hiroki Uehara, Takeshi Yamanobe, and Tadashi KomotoView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan Cite this: Langmuir 2002, 18, 7, 2949–2951Publication Date (Web):February 28, 2002Publication History Received5 November 2001Revised3 January 2002Published online28 February 2002Published inissue 1 April 2002https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la011643ahttps://doi.org/10.1021/la011643abrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 2002 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views127Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Copolymers,Deformation,Friction,Materials,Wear Get e-Alerts
ON THE EVALUATION OF B.E.T. CONSTANTS FROM THE B.E.T. ISOTHERM EQUATION (1977)

ABSTRACT It is shown that the conventional (or unweighed) least squares method must not be used to evaluate the B.E.T. constants, X m and C, when using a rearranged linear B.E.T. plot recently suggested in the literature. This is illustrated using literature data on water sorption in several foods. In this case a semi‐weighted (or weighted) least squares analysis becomes necessary. It is also shown that the unweighted least squares analysis should not be applied even to the familiar linear B.E.T. plot. In this particular case, however, and because of a fortuitous coincidence, this procedure leads to not significant differences — at least in food research — in the numerical values.
Swift observations of GRB 050904: the most distant cosmicexplosion ever observed (2006)

Context. Swift discovered the high redshift () GRB 050904 with the Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) and began observing with its narrow field instruments 161 s after the burst onset. This gamma-ray burst is the most distant cosmic explosion ever observed. Because of its high redshift, the X-ray Telescope (XRT) and BAT simultaneous observations provide 4 orders of magnitude of spectral coverage (0.2-150 keV; 1.4-1090 keV in the source rest frame) at a very early source-frame time (22 s). The X-ray emission was monitored by the XRT up to 10 days after the burst.
Cooperative dynamic and diffusion behavior above and below the dynamical crossover of supercooled water (2013)

Using extensive molecular dynamics simulations combined with a novel approach to analyze the molecular displacements we analyzed the change in the dynamics above and below the crossover temperature T(x) for supercooled water. Our findings suggest that the crossover from fragile to strong glass former occurring at T(x) is related with a change in the diffusion mechanism evidencing the presence of jump-like diffusion at lower temperatures. Also we observe that fluctuations of the local environments are intimately connected with fluctuations in the size and the amount of cooperative cluster of mobile molecules, and in particular we find a highly cooperative nature of the motion at low temperatures.
Propagation of ultrashort nonlinear pulses through two-dimensional AlGaAs high-contrast photonic crystal waveguides (2002)

The propagation of 120-fs laser pulses through nonlinear waveguides with embedded high-contrast, two-dimensional photonic crystals was studied. Each AlGaAs waveguide fabricated upon a GaAs substrates contained a region of deeply etched air holes in a triangular lattice to form the photonic crystal. In transmission, a photonic bandgap was formed with a short-wavelength photonic bandedge at 925 nm from a 270-nm period lattice in the Γ–K orientation. Pulse propagation was highly nonlinear, with both strong optical limiting and spectral narrowing. These effects arose from the waveguide rather than from the photonic crystal. Nonlinear effects were simulated theoretically, with good agreement with the data, by consideration of the effects of two-photon absorption and self-phase modulation on chirped incident pulses.
Gene expression in the embryonic nervous system of Xenopus laevis. (1988)

Development of the nervous system in the amphibian embryo is initiated during gastrulation by an inductive interaction between chordamesoderm and dorsal ectoderm. The induced ectoderm forms the neural plate while uninduced ectoderm generates epidermis. We screened for genes activated during gastrulation and expressed specifically in the nervous system of Xenopus laevis in the expectation that clones representing such genes will constitute useful markers for the study of early neurogenesis. Probes were prepared from adult brain RNA by subtraction with RNA from ovary and from different combinations of adult kidney, muscle, and skin; cDNA libraries prepared from early to late neurula embryo RNA were screened with these probes. Six clones were chosen for further study. Three of these clones are not represented in the maternal RNA population but are activated at the late gastrula stage; the other three increase from a maternal base. Expression of five of the genes is restricted to the neural plate during embryogenesis, and all six are restricted to the central nervous system in premetamorphic tadpoles and adults. One of the clones encodes an apparently neurospecific isoform of beta-tubulin; the identity of the other clones is unknown. Expression of all six genes is suppressed in axis-deficient embryos that lack dorsal structures including the brain.
Molecular quasi-species (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMolecular quasi-speciesManfred Eigen, John McCaskill, and Peter SchusterCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1988, 92, 24, 6881–6891Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100335a010https://doi.org/10.1021/j100335a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1524Altmetric-Citations433LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Microbial life in ancient permafrost along a salinity gradient illuminated by metagenomics (2022)

Abstract This study describes the composition and potential metabolic adaptation of microbial communities in northeastern Siberia, a repository of the oldest permafrost in the Northern Hemisphere. Samples of contrasting depth (1.75 to 25.1 m below surface) and age (from ~ 10 kyr to 1.1 Myr) were collected from freshwater permafrost (FP) of borehole AL1_15 on the Alazeya River, and freshwater coastal permafrost (FCP) overlying marine permafrost (MP) of borehole CH1_17 on the East Siberian Sea coast. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we showed that the biodiversity decreased dramatically with permafrost age and separated the samples into three groups: FP and FCP together (10–100 kyr old), FP (&gt; 900 kyr old), and MP (105–120 kyr old). Younger FP/FCP deposits were distinguished by the presence of Acidobacteriota, Bacteroidota, Chloroflexota_A, and Gemmatimonadota, older FP deposits had a higher proportion of Gammaproteobacteria, and older MP deposits had much more uncultured groups within Asgardarchaeota, Crenarchaeota, Chloroflexota, Patescibacteria, and unassigned archaea. The 60 recovered metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) and un-binned metagenomic assemblies suggested that despite the large taxonomic differences between samples, they all had a wide range of taxa capable of fermentation coupled to nitrate utilization, with the exception of sulfur reduction present only in old MP deposits.
Neuronal activity in primate dorsolateral and orbital prefrontal cortex during performance of a reward preference task (2003)

An important function of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is the control of goal-directed behaviour. This requires information as to whether actions were successful in obtaining desired outcomes such as rewards. While lesion studies implicate a particular PFC region, the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), in reward processing, neurons encoding reward have been reported in both the OFC and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). To compare and contrast their roles, we recorded simultaneously from both areas while two rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) performed a reward preference task. The monkeys had to choose between pictures associated with different amounts of a juice reward. Neuronal activity in both areas reflected the reward amount. However, neurons in the DLPFC encoded both the reward amount and the monkeys' forthcoming response, while neurons in the OFC more often encoded the reward amount alone. Further, reward selectivity arose more rapidly in the OFC than the DLPFC. These results are consistent with reward information entering the PFC via the OFC, where it is passed to the DLPFC and used to control behaviour.
Differentially Private Multi-Armed Bandits in the Shuffle Model (2021)

We give an $(\varepsilon,δ)$-differentially private algorithm for the multi-armed bandit (MAB) problem in the shuffle model with a distribution-dependent regret of $O\left(\left(\sum_{a\in [k]:Δ_a&gt;0}\frac{\log T}{Δ_a}\right)+\frac{k\sqrt{\log\frac{1}δ}\log T}{\varepsilon}\right)$, and a distribution-independent regret of $O\left(\sqrt{kT\log T}+\frac{k\sqrt{\log\frac{1}δ}\log T}{\varepsilon}\right)$, where $T$ is the number of rounds, $Δ_a$ is the suboptimality gap of the arm $a$, and $k$ is the total number of arms. Our upper bound almost matches the regret of the best known algorithms for the centralized model, and significantly outperforms the best known algorithm in the local model.
CHARACTERIZATION OF COMPETITIVE ANTIESTROGENS: COMPARATIVE STUDIES WITH AN ISOFLAVENE DERIVATIVE (1970)

As stated by Emmens [Steroids 13, 725 (1969)] competitive inhibitors of estrogenic action like estriol and dimethylstilboestrol occupy the receptors briefly and elicit initial responses of increased RNA synthesis. Further responses like vaginal cornification are elicited only by repeated frequent doses. It was of interest to study in detail the estrogenic and anti-estrogenic activity of 7-methoxy-4[p-(2-pyrrolidino-ethoxy)phenyl]-3-iso-flavene (EMD 16-795) which in vitro competes with estradiol for binding sites, as we have shown previously.
A Rader Clutter Model: Average Scattering Coefficients of Land, Snow, and Ice (1980)

A model has been developed for average radar backscatter from terrain based on recent carefully controlled wide-bandwidth measurements of vegetation, snow-covered ground, and sea ice and on a comparison with measurements over North America by the Skylab S-193 scatterometer. The models for the thiree cases take the form σ° dB = A + Bθ + Cf+ Dfθ, 20° ≤ angle of incidence ≤ 70°, where the constants vary depending on polarization and terrain class. They also differ above and below a critical frequency (6 GHz for general terrain, 8 GHz for sea ice, and between 8 and 12 GHz for snow). For angles of incidence of 0° (vertical) and 10°, the model is of the form σ° dB = M(θ) + N(θ)f over the range 1 to 18 GHz. Hundreds of thousands of measurements contributed to the general (vegetated terrain) model, and smaller numbers contributed to the snow and sea ice models. Since 1974 all measurements have been made with University of Kansas microwave spectrometers. A brief discussion of fading shows that insufficient data are available to describe the ranges adequately.
Relationship between Trough Plasma and Epithelial Lining Fluid Concentrations of Voriconazole in Lung Transplant Recipients (2013)

Trough (predose) voriconazole concentrations in plasma and pulmonary epithelial lining fluid (ELF) of lung transplant recipients receiving oral voriconazole preemptive treatment were determined. The mean (± standard deviation [SD]) ELF/plasma ratio was 12.5 ± 6.3. A strong positive linear relationship was noted between trough plasma and ELF voriconazole concentrations (r(2) = 0.87), suggesting the feasibility of using trough plasma voriconazole concentration as a surrogate to estimate the corresponding concentration in ELF of lung transplant recipients.