gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Computer-Assisted Reconstruction and Motion Analysis of the Three-Dimensional Cell (2003)

Even though several microscopic techniques provide three-dimensional (3D) information on fixed and living cells, the perception persists that cells are two-dimensional (2D). Cells are, in fact, 3D and their behavior, including the extension of pseudopods, includes an important 3D component. Although treating the cell as a 2D entity has proven effective in understanding how cells locomote, and in identifying defects in a variety of mutant and abnormal cells, there are cases in which 3D reconstruction and analysis are essential. Here, we describe advanced computer-assisted 3D reconstruction and motion analysis programs for both individual live, crawling cells and developing embryos. These systems (3D-DIAS, 3D-DIASemb) can be used to reconstruct and motion analyze at short time intervals the nucleus and pseudopodia as well as the entire surface of a single migrating cell, or every cell and nucleus in a developing embryo. Because all images are converted to mathematical representations, a variety of motility and dynamic morphology parameters can be computed that have proven quite valuable in the identification of mutant behaviors. We also describe examples of mutant behaviors in Dictyostelium that were revealed through 3D analysis.
Advanced Instrumental Approaches for Characterization of Marine Dissolved Organic Matter:  Extraction Techniques, Mass Spectrometry, and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (2007)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAdvanced Instrumental Approaches for Characterization of Marine Dissolved Organic Matter: Extraction Techniques, Mass Spectrometry, and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance SpectroscopyKenneth Mopper, Aron Stubbins, Jason D. Ritchie, Heidi M. Bialk, and Patrick G. HatcherView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, 4541 Hampton Boulevard, Norfolk, Virginia 23529 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2007, 107, 2, 419–442Publication Date (Web):February 14, 2007Publication History Received10 July 2006Published online14 February 2007Published inissue 1 February 2007https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr050359bhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr050359bresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2007 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5619Altmetric-Citations283LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Dissolved organic matter,Ionization,Ions,Molecules,Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Get e-Alerts
Teaching Evaluation and Diagnosis Based on BP Neural Network (2009)

Developing teaching evaluation and diagnosis is the important measure to guarantee and improve the quality of teaching .This paper describes designed ideas and realized methods of evaluate and diagnose teaching effect of teacher, based on BP neural network, finally does the MATLAB simulated experiments. The experiment indicates that the method avoids the subjective factors and uncertainties of the traditional evaluation process,to ensure impartiality and accuracy of the evaluation result. It supplies with a new method to do a better job for teaching evaluation and diagnosis.
Early stages of β2‐microglobulin aggregation and the inhibiting action of αB‐crystallin (2008)

Static and dynamic light scattering experiments on extremely clean (nanofiltered) samples of the well-known amyloidogenic protein beta2-microglobulin (R3Abeta2m and WTbeta2m) evidence the self-assembly of early aggregates showing unexpected features. Further, we find that alphaB-crystallin effectively inhibits aggregation of beta2m in a far less than stoichiometric proportion, from 1:60 alphaB-crystallin monomer to beta2m monomer ratio, down to at least a 1:2 x 10(3) alphaB-crystallin oligomerto beta2m monomer ratio. Therefore, inhibition of the early stage of beta2m aggregation by alphaB-crystallin does not necessarily require a mechanicistic chaperon-like action implying one-to-one binding. This highlights the role of the free energy landscape of the system and of related modifications of solute-solvent thermodynamics caused by co-solutes, in agreement with recent work from our and other laboratories.
Customers’ Evaluations of Video Clips in Upscale versus Midscale Hotels’ Websites (2012)

The study examines relationships between visual electronic service quality and two different brand hotels. Further, the study assesses customers’ overall satisfaction for two different brands (upscale and mid-scale) to learn salient factors for such evaluation.
'Bioluminescent' Reporter Phage for the Detection of Category A Bacterial Pathogens (2011)

Yersinia pestis and Bacillus anthracis are Category A bacterial pathogens that are the causative agents of the plague and anthrax, respectively 1. Although the natural occurrence of both diseases' is now relatively rare, the possibility of terrorist groups using these pathogens as a bioweapon is real. Because of the disease's inherent communicability, rapid clinical course, and high mortality rate, it is critical that an outbreak be detected quickly. Therefore methodologies that provide rapid detection and diagnosis are essential to ensure immediate implementation of public health measures and activation of crisis management. Recombinant reporter phage may provide a rapid and specific approach for the detection of Y. pestis and B. anthracis. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention currently use the classical phage lysis assays for the confirmed identification of these bacterial pathogens 2-4. These assays take advantage of naturally occurring phage which are specific and lytic for their bacterial hosts. After overnight growth of the cultivated bacterium in the presence of the specific phage, the formation of plaques (bacterial lysis) provides a positive identification of the bacterial target. Although these assays are robust, they suffer from three shortcomings: 1) they are laboratory based; 2) they require bacterial isolation and cultivation from the suspected sample, and 3) they take 24-36 h to complete. To address these issues, recombinant "light-tagged" reporter phage were genetically engineered by integrating the Vibrio harveyi luxAB genes into the genome of Y. pestis and B. anthracis specific phage 5-8. The resulting luxAB reporter phage were able to detect their specific target by rapidly (within minutes) and sensitively conferring a bioluminescent phenotype to recipient cells. Importantly, detection was obtained either with cultivated recipient cells or with mock-infected clinical specimens 7. For demonstration purposes, here we describe the method for the phage-mediated detection of a known Y. pestis isolate using a luxAB reporter phage constructed from the CDC plague diagnostic phage ΦA1122 6,7 (Figure 1). A similar method, with minor modifications (e.g. change in growth temperature and media), may be used for the detection of B. anthracis isolates using the B. anthracis reporter phage Wβ::luxAB 8. The method describes the phage-mediated transduction of a biolumescent phenotype to cultivated Y. pestis cells which are subsequently measured using a microplate luminometer. The major advantages of this method over the traditional phage lysis assays is the ease of use, the rapid results, and the ability to test multiple samples simultaneously in a 96-well microtiter plate format. Figure 1. Detection schematic. The phage are mixed with the sample, the phage infects the cell, luxAB are expressed, and the cell bioluminesces. Sample processing is not necessary; the phage and cells are mixed and subsequently measured for light.
Therapeutic implications for acquired resistance and heart toxicity using targeted therapy to ErbB2 (2006)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006

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Abstract ErbB2 overexpression or amplification predicts for a poor prognosis in breast cancer making it an attractive therapeutic target. Small molecules such as ErbB2 tyrosine kinase inhibitors and antibodies are currently used or are in clinical trials. Our data elucidates the pathway of acquired resistance to inhibitors of ErbB1 and ErbB2 tyrosine kinases and antibodies, as well as the underlying pathway associated with cardiac toxicity after Herceptin treatment in some patients. Finally, we show the clinical implications and the therapeutic approaches to overcome resistance to these changes. Materials and Methods Immunostaining was performed for HER2, EGFR, ER, PR, Bcl-2 and FKHRL1/FOXO3a, ERRα, ERR and PGC-1α on cell lines and patient’s biopsies. Western blot analysis was used for ER, PR and FOXO3a, BCL-2, ERRα and ERR and PCG-1α, p-AKT and pERK. AU565, MCF7, BT-474, MCF7/FC2 and AU Bcl-2 were treated with β-estradiol, Tamoxifen Citrate, GW2974, Heregulin/NDF and Herceptin. Results We show that up-regulation of ERα and ER-regulated genes directly contribute to the development of resistance to HER1/HER2 inhibitors, such as lapatinib, GW2974 or Herceptin. Although the ErbB2 pathway remains intact and inhibited by GW2974, lapatinib or Herceptin, the dependence of tumor cell survival in inhibitor-resistant breast cancer cells switches from ErbB2 to ER pathway. By inhibiting ErbB2 and P13/AKT signaling, the inhibitors and antibodies transiently up-regulate FOXO3a, which in turn up-regulates ER and ER-regulated genes, such as BCL2. We were also able to show that these effects occur in patients with ErbB2 overexpressing/ER positive breast cancers treated with lapatinib and IRESSA as monotherapy. By combining EGFR and HER2 inhibitors and antibodies with interventions that down-regulate ER protein depriving tumor cells of estrogen, we were able to delay or possibly prevent the acquisition of ER-mediated resistance. In addition, we have shown that the gene associated with fatty acid metabolic pathway is up-regulated by Herceptin. Discussion Our results show that activation of ER and ER-regulated genes contributed to the development of resistance to ErbB inhibitors in AU and BT474 cells, also occurred in patients treated by ErbB inhibitors whose breast cancers expressed a similar phenotype. Identifying the mechanisms involved in the development of resistance and toxicities to ErbB inhibitors and antibodies will lead to rational therapeutic strategies, which will ultimately improve the clinical activity of ErbB2 small molecule and antibodies.
Flussabhängiger Widerstand von Nasenmasken für die nichtinvasive Positivdruck-Beatmung (2005)

Hintergrund: Der Widerstand, der durch künstliche Atemwege verursacht wird, kann die Atemarbeit des Patienten erhöhen. Während Endotrachealtuben systematisch dahingehend untersucht worden sind, ist unklar, wie der Einfluss der Nasenmaske und der Gänsegurgel auf den Widerstand der künstlichen Atemwege bei der nichtinvasiven Positivdruck-Beatmung ist.
Fig. S7 from A miR-29b Byproduct Sequence Exhibits Potent Tumor-Suppressive Activities via Inhibition of NF-κB Signaling in <i>KRAS</i>-Mutant Colon Cancer Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S7. Effects of mimic-miR-29b-1-3p and MIRTX on cell proliferation. MIRTX exhibited a stronger inhibition of cell proliferation in DLD1 than mimic-miR-29b-3p.&lt;/p&gt;
Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine –where do we stand? (2012)

Tissue Engineering (TE) in the context of Regenerative Medicine (RM) has been hailed for many years as one of the most important topics in medicine in the twenty-first century. While the first clinically relevant TE efforts were mainly concerned with the generation of bioengineered skin substitutes, subsequently TE applications have been continuously extended to a wide variety of tissues and organs. The advent of either embryonic or mesenchymal adult stem-cell technology has fostered many of the efforts to combine this promising tool with TE approaches and has merged the field into the term Regenerative Medicine. As a typical example in translational medicine, the discovery of a new type of cells called Telocytes that have been described in many organs and have been detected by electron microscopy opens another gate to RM. Besides cell-therapy strategies, the application of gene therapy combined with TE has been investigated to generate tissues and organs. The vascularization of constructs plays a crucial role besides the matrix and cell substitutes. Therefore, novel in vivo models of vascularization have evolved allowing axial vascularization with subsequent transplantation of constructs. This article is intended to give an overview over some of the most recent developments and possible applications in RM through the perspective of TE achievements and cellular research. The synthesis of TE with innovative methods of molecular biology and stem-cell technology appears to be very promising.
Self-adaptive retro-reflective Doppler cloak based on planar space-time modulated metasurfaces (2023)

As engineered electromagnetic covers based on (space-) time modulated metamaterials and metasurfaces, Doppler cloaks are able to compensate the Doppler effect induced by the motion of a scatterer, making it appear as if it were at rest to a detecting radar system. Perfect Doppler compensation can be theoretically always achieved for any relative velocity and motion direction of the cloaked scatterer with respect to the detecting system. However, the motion can be still detected from the cross section variation of the Doppler cloaked scatterer, especially under oblique incidence illumination. The challenge is, therefore, to have a proper Doppler compensation and maintain the amount of scattered energy toward the detection system as much constant as possible with respect to the illumination angle. In this Letter, we propose the design of self-adaptive retro-reflective planar Doppler cloak composed of a pair of space-time modulated metasurfaces: the first metasurface focuses the incident field in a specific location on the second metasurface, which is designed for enabling retro-reflection and Doppler frequency shift compensation. Here, the self-adaptive Doppler cloak is applied to a metallic planar reflector, moving toward its normal direction, and illuminated by an oblique plane wave. We demonstrate that the proposed Doppler cloak can perform frequency conversion and simultaneously maintain the radar cross section of the reflector as much stable as possible within an angular range of about 60° centered at the normal direction. The self-adaptive Doppler cloak may enhance the undetectability of cloaked moving objects.
Role of Chain Reactions and Olefin Formation in Cracking, Hydroconversion, and Coking of Petroleum and Bitumen Fractions (2002)

Although the mechanism of cracking of distillate fractions is well-known, the reactions that underlay conversion of the residue fractions of petroleum and bitumen are not well defined. Despite the difficulties in analyzing residue fractions in detail, the chemistry of these materials must follow the same elementary reactions as distillates. This paper presents a consistent mechanism for cracking of residues based on the known chemistry of free-radical chain reactions and model compounds. The roles of hydrogen, donor solvents, and added catalysts are then interpreted in this context. The formation of olefin groups from cracking of aliphatic groups gives the potential for addition reactions in the liquid phase. Removal of olefin groups, by reactions with donor solvents or hydrogenation, controls addition reactions and thereby suppresses coke formation. This mechanism suggests that innovative methods to remove or react olefinic groups may allow higher conversion of residues to desirable liquid products.
Adaptive Transparent Film Dressings (1994)

Transparent film dressings have many of the attributes of the ideal wound dressing. However, currently available film dressings are deficient in their ability to handle varying levels of wound exudate. The permeability of polymeric films to water vapor is discussed and techniques are described to produce films in which the moisture vapor permeability is a function of the moisture in the environment. Illustrations are provided showing the variation of permeability with relative humidity and water contact. The unique properties of coextruded films are illustrated and the responsiveness of such a film dressing to varying conditions at the wound are discussed.
Pheromone Cross-Inhibition between Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis (2001)

Cross-inhibition by quorum-sensing pheromones between Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis was investigated using all known S. aureus agr pheromone subgroups. All S. aureus subgroups were sensitive towards the S. epidermidis pheromone, with the exception of the recently identified subgroup 4. The subgroup 4 pheromone was also the only S. aureus pheromone able to inhibit the S. epidermidis agr response. The close relation of subgroup 4 to subgroup 1 suggests that subgroup 4 might have evolved from subgroup 1 by mutation under the selective pressure of competition with S. epidermidis. The competition between S. aureus and S. epidermidis by means of quorum-sensing cross talk seems to be generally in favor of S. epidermidis, which might explain the predominance of S. epidermidis on the skin and in infections on indwelling medical devices.
ChemInform Abstract: 13C and 1H NMR Analysis of the Nitration Products of 2‐Amino‐4‐oxo‐(3H) ‐5‐trifluoromethylquinazoline and 2‐Amino‐4‐oxo‐(3H)‐5‐ fluoroquinazoline. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Botulinum Toxin: vom Medikament zum Toxin ... (2009)

For most of its time, the history of botulinum toxin (BT) has been the history of botulism, i. e. of an intoxication with BT. By the end of the 1960's a paradigm shift took place which in this radicalness had never occurred before in the history of mankind. At that time BT was first used therapeutically to treat strabismus. From ophthalmology BT rapidly spread into numerous medical specialties. For most of its indications BT is the therapy of choice, for some it has revolutionized their treatment altogether. The widespread therapeutic use of BT allowed detailed clinical and technical investigations of BT's action upon the human body. Applying this knowledge we diagnosed for the first time chronic botulism in adults living on a farm with chronic bovine botulism. This constitutes another radical paradigm shift. The history of BT is the history of a dual paradigm shift each time induced by a complete reversal of the viewing perspective. Knowledge gain can be a linear process. It can, however, also be a circular one. Changes of the viewing perspective are crucial. Changing the viewing perspective may facilitate knowledge gain. This might be used to develop an instrument to facilitate knowledge gain.
Performance investigation of a hospital-grade x-ray tube-based differential phase-contrast cone beam CT system (2012)

Differential phase contrast technique could be the next breakthrough in the field of CT imaging. While traditional absorption-based X-ray CT imaging is inefficient at differentiating soft tissues, phase-contrast technique offers great advantage as being able to produce higher contrast images utilizing the phase information of objects. Our long term goal is to develop a gantry-based hospital-grade X-ray tube differential phase contrast cone-beam CT (DPC-CBCT) technology which is able to achieve higher contrast noise ratio (CNR) in soft tissue imaging without increasing the dose level. Based on the micro-focus system built last year, a bench-top hospital-grade X-ray tube DPC-CBCT system is designed and constructed. The DPC-CBCT system consists of an X-ray source, i.e. a hospital-grade X-ray tube and a source grating, a high-resolution detector, a rotating phantom holder, a phase grating and an analyzer grating. Three-dimensional (3-D) phase-coefficients are reconstructed, providing us with images enjoying higher CNR than, yet equivalent dose level to, a conventional CBCT scan. Three important aspects of the system are investigated: a) The The system's performance in term of CNR of the reconstruction image with regard to dose levels, b) the impacts of different phase stepping schemes, i.e. 5 steps to 8 steps, in term of CNR on the reconstruction images, and c) the influence of magnification or position of the phantom on image quality, chiefly CNR. The investigations are accomplished via phantom study.
Changes in Extracellular Action Potential Detect Kainic Acid and Trimethyltin Toxicity in Hippocampal Slice Preparations Earlier than do MAP2 Density Measurements (2005)

In vitro electrophysiological techniques for the assessment of neurotoxicity could have several advantages over other methods in current use, including the ability to detect damage at a very early stage, and could further assist in replacing animal experimentation in vivo. We investigated how an electrophysiological parameter, the extracellularly-recorded compound action potential ("population spike", PS) could be used as a marker of in vitro neurotoxicity in the case of two well-known toxic compounds, kainic acid (KA) and trimethyltin (TMT). We compared the use of this electrophysiological endpoint with changes in immunoreactivity for microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), a standard histological test for neurotoxicity. We found that both toxic compounds reliably caused disappearance of the PS, and that such disappearance occurred after only 1 hour of exposure to the drug. By contrast, densitometric measurements of MAP2 immunoreactivity were unaffected by both KA and TMT after such a short exposure time. We conclude that, in the case of KA and TMT, the extracellular PS was abolished at a very early time-point, when MAP2 immunoreactivity levels were still comparable to those of the untreated controls. Electrophysiology could be a reliable and early indicator of neurotoxicity, which could improve our ability to test for neurotoxicity in vitro, thus further replacing the need for in vivo experimentation.
Radiation Detection and Measurement (2013)

This chapter contains sections titled: Gas-Filled Detectors Crystalline Detectors/Spectrometers Semiconducting Detectors Gamma Spectroscopy Portable Field Instruments Personnel Dosimeters Laboratory Instruments Other Suggested Sources Problems – Chapter 12