gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wavelets and support vector machines for texture classification (2005)

We present a novel texture classification algorithm using 2-D discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and support vector machines (SVM). The DWT is used to generate feature images from individual wavelet subbands, and a local energy function is computed corresponding to each pixel of the feature images. This feature vector is first used for training and later on for testing the SVM classifier. The experimental setup consists of images from the Brodatz and MlT VisTeX texture databases and a combination of some images therein. The proposed method produces promising classification results for both single and multiple class texture analysis problems.
Blue Electroluminescent Polymers:  Control of Conjugation Length by Kink Linkages and Substituents in the Poly(p-phenylenevinylene)-Related Copolymers (1999)

Poly[o(m,p)-phenylenevinylene-alt-2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-p-phenylenevinylene], o(m,p)-PMEH-PPV, and poly[o(m,p)-phenylenevinylene-alt-2,5-bis(trimethylsilyl)-p-phenylenevinylene], o(m,p)-PBTMS-PPV, of varying effective conjugation lengths were synthesized by the well-known Wittig condensation polymerization between the appropriate diphosphonium salts and the dialdehyde monomers such as terephthaldicarboxaldehyde, isophthalaldehyde, and phthalicdicarboxaldehyde. The conjugation lengths of the polymers were controlled by substituents and kink (ortho and meta) linkages. The resulting polymers were highly soluble in common organic solvents. The synthesized polymers showed UV−visible absorbance and photoluminescence (PL) in the ranges of 330−430 nm and 440−550 nm, respectively. The maximum emission peak of p-PMEH-PPV was blueshifted about 30 nm compared to that of MEH-PPV, which is due to an unsubstituted phenylene unit. In addition, o-PMEH-PPV and m-PMEH-PPV showed PL emission maximum peaks at 500 and 490 nm, respectively, because ortho and meta linkage of the o(m)-PMEH-PPV reduced π-conjugation lengths. The trimethylsilyl substituent has no electrondonating effect; therefore, the PL maximum of p-PBTMS-PPV was far more blueshifted (to 485 nm). Consequently, maximum PL wavelengths for o-PBTMS-PPV and m-PBTMS-PPV appeared around 470 and 440 nm, respectively. A single-layer light-emitting diode device was fabricated which has a simple ITO (indium−tin oxide)/polymer/Al configuration. The threshold bias of trimethylsilyl-substituted o(m,p)-PBTMS-PPV was in the range of 8−9 V. As in the photoluminescence spectra, the dramatic change of emission color was also shown in electroluminescence spectra of p-PMEH-PPV, p-PBTMS-PPV, and o-PBTMS-PPV when the operating voltage was about 8−9 V.
Midhaul transmission using edge data centers with split PHY processing and wavelength reassignment for 5G wireless networks (2018)

Distributed processing of edge data centers in a metropolitan area is considered to reduce the large data traffic load due to Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN) fronthaul digitized radio-over-fiber protocols. A dynamic PHY split strategy is examined for high-capacity optical Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) based C-RANs with limited edge data center resources. A network performance simulation model is developed based on a regional optical network in the New York metropolitan area to evaluate the dynamic midhaul approach. The use of a midhaul network improves the network performance by reducing traffic congestion and enhancing wavelength channel utilization. Simulation results show a 45% reduction in the required optical capacity in our proposed adaptive midhaul network compared to a traditional CPRI fronthaul network.
An efficient uplink multiuser MIMO protocol in IEEE 802.11 WLANs (2009)

This paper proposes an uplink Multi-User (MU) Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) protocol in IEEE 802.11 WLANs. In order to realize the uplink MU-MIMO transmission in 802.11 WLANs, there are several problems to be solved. Synchronized transmission among the stations (STAs) is one of the problems and the spatial compatibility between the transmitting STAs is another problem. Therefore, it is considered that many overheads are needed to realize the uplink MU-MIMO transmission. In the proposed protocol, after an access point (AP) informs the start of the uplink access phase by transmitting the indication frame, the STAs having data to be sent to the AP transmit the uplink access requests in the OFDMA manner. The AP recognizes the uplink access requests by detecting the subcarrier signals and it requests the detected STAs to transmit the pilot signals in the TDMA manner. The AP calculates the channel state information (CSI) between each STA from the received pilot signal and selects the STAs to be permitted to transmit the uplink frames based on the CSIs. The AP notifies the information about the permitted STAs and about the capable transmission rate, and then the permitted STAs simultaneously transmit the frames at the notified transmission rate. In the protocol, an efficient OFDMA-based uplink access request transmission scheme is also proposed. Thus, by adopting the proposed protocol, the overheads can be reduced and the network throughput can be enhanced. Computer simulations are performed and the results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
What is being measured, and by whom? Facilitation of communication on technical measures amongst competent authorities in the implementation of the European Union Broiler Directive (2007/43/EC) (2015)

The European Union (EU) Broiler Directive (2007/43/EC) is unique amongst current EU Directives, which address animal welfare, in that it uses outcome data collected at abattoirs and on farm to monitor on-farm broiler welfare and vary the maximum permitted stocking density on farm. In this study, we describe how, by bringing together personnel from the competent authorities in 22 member states (MSs) who have responsibility for implementing the Directive, and engaging in exchange of information and technical methods regarding the Broiler Directive, it has been possible to identify differences in approach with regard to 'what data is being collected, and by whom' across EU MSs. Online questionnaires and workshop exercises enabled us to identify priority areas for knowledge transfer and training. For example, foot pad dermatitis, hock burn, dead on arrival and total rejections (birds rejected as unfit for human consumption by the meat inspection staff at slaughter) were identified by the MSs as measures of medium-to-low priority in terms of knowledge transfer because there are assessment methods for these conditions that are already well accepted by competent authorities. On the other hand, breast lesions, cellulitis, emaciation, joint lesions, respiratory problems, scratches, wing fractures and a number of environmental measures were identified as having high priority in terms of knowledge transfer. The study identified that there is significant variability in the stage of implementation between MSs, and responses from the participating MSs indicated that sharing of guidance and technical information between MSs may be of value in the future set-up process for those MSs engaged in implementation of the Directive.
Role of Delamination Fracture for Enhanced Impact Toughness in 0.05 %P Doped High Strength Steel with Ultrafine Elongated Grain Structure (2011)

Ultrafine elongated grain (UFEG) structures with strong &lt;110&gt;// rolling direction (RD) fiber deformation texture were produced by warm caliber-rolling at 773 K, namely tempforming in the 1200 MPa-class medium-carbon low-alloy steel with phosphorous (P) contents of 0.001 and 0.053 mass%. Charpy impact tests were performed at temperature range of-196 to 150 °C on the UFEG structure. Regardless of P content, high upper shelf energy about 145 J and a very low ductile to brittle transition temperature (DBTT) of around-175 °C were obtained. P segregation embrittlement completely disappeared in the 0.053 %P steel and both steels showed ductile fracture on the planes normal to RD at temperature range of-150 to 150 °C. The main reason for the high upper shelf energy and very low DBTT in the 0.053 %P steel would be delamination fracture along RD when both 0.001 and 0.053 %P steels showed quite similar microstructures including texture. Since the occurrence of delamination requires relatively weak interfaces or planes, P segregated to the ferrite grain boundaries and interfaces of cementite particles-ferrite matrix and made them feasible paths for crack branching and consequently delamination occurred. We showed in this work the advantage of delamination (crack arrester-type) on the high absorbed energy obtained by 0.053 %P steel in comparison with 0.001 %P steel.
Improve electrical performance of interconnects using inkjet printing (2016)

In this paper, a technique is proposed to improve the electrical performance of high speed signaling through direct printing additional dielectric or other types of materials onto the PCB interconnect using inkjet printing. Inkjet printing is used to coat thin film or other structures onto the microstrip, via pad, pin field, or other structures on PCB. The electrical performance of interconnects can be adjusted and improved through such process. As an example, Inkjet printing can be used to increase the dielectric thickness of microstrip cover layer (soldermask), and thus to suppress the far end crosstalk and improve the insertion loss. This potentially is better than conventional PCB manufacturing techniques such as photo-lithography, which requires many process steps, which lead to higher cost and longer development time.
Enhanced oligonucleotide-nanoparticle conjugate stability using thioctic acid modified oligonucleotides (2007)

Metallic nanoparticles of gold functionalized with oligonucleotides conventionally use a terminal thiol modification and have been used in a wide range of applications. Although readily available, the oligonucleotide-nanoparticle conjugates prepared in this way suffer from a lack of stability when exposed to a variety of small molecules or elevated temperatures. If silver is used in place of gold then this lack of stability is even more pronounced. In this study we report the synthesis of highly stabilized oligonucleotide-nanoparticle conjugates using a simple oligonucleotide modification. A modified solid support was used to generate 3'-thioctic acid modified oligonucleotides by treatment with an N-hydroxysuccimidyl ester of thioctic acid. Unusually, both gold and silver nanoparticles have been investigated in this study and show that these disulphide-modified oligonucleotide probes offer significant improvements in nanoparticle stability when treated with dithiothreitol (DTT) compared with monothiol analogues. This is a significant advance in oligonucleotide-nanoparticle conjugate stability and for the first time allows silver nanoparticles to be prepared that are more stable than standard gold-thiol functionalized nanoparticles. This opens up the possibility of using silver nanoparticles functionalized with oligonucleotides as an alternative to gold.
Prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms in obese and normal weight binge eaters. (1994)

Specific GI symptoms were associated with binge eating and obesity. Overall, symptoms were more prevalent and more severe in obese binge eaters. The high prevalence of GI symptoms in obese patients who indulge in binge eating should be considered in their evaluation and treatment.
EXD2 and WRN exonucleases are required for interstrand crosslink repair in Drosophila (2018)

Abstract Interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) present a major threat to genome integrity, preventing both the correct transcription of active chromatin and complete replication of the genome. This is exploited in genotoxic chemotherapy where ICL induction is used to kill highly proliferative cancer cells. Repair of ICLs involves a complex interplay of numerous proteins, including those in the Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway, though alternative and parallel pathways have been postulated. Here, we investigate the role of the 3’-5’ exonuclease, EXD2, and the highly related WRN exonuclease (implicated in premature ageing human Werner syndrome), in repair of interstrand crosslinks in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster . We find that flies mutant for EXD2 (DmEXD2) have elevated rates of genomic instability resulting from chromosome breakage and loss of the resulting acentric fragments, in contrast to WRN exonuclease (DmWRNexo) mutants where excess homologous recombination is the principal mechanism of genomic instability. Most notably, we demonstrate that proliferating larval neuroblasts mutant for either DmWRNexo or DmEXD2 are deficient in repair of DNA interstrand crosslinks caused by diepoxybutane or mitomycin C, strongly suggesting that each nuclease individually plays a role in repair of ICLs in flies. These findings have significant implications not only for understanding the complex process of ICL repair in humans, but also for enhancing cancer therapies that rely on ICL induction, with caveats for cancer therapy in Werner syndrome and Fanconi anemia patients.
Microarray analyses of otospheres derived from the cochlea in the inner ear identify putative transcription factors that regulate the characteristics of otospheres (2017)

Various tissues possess tissue-specific stem/progenitor cells, including the inner ears. Stem/progenitor cells of the inner ear can be isolated as so-called otospheres from differentiated cells using a sphere forming assay. Although recent studies have demonstrated the characteristics of otospheres to some extent, most of the features of these cells are unknown. In this report, we describe the findings of transcriptome analyses with a cDNA microarray of otospheres derived from the cochleae of the inner ears of neonatal mice in order to clarify the gene expression profile of otic stem/progenitor cells. There were common transcription factors between otospheres and embryonic stem cells, which were supposed to be due to the stemness of otospheres. In comparison with the cochlear sensory epithelium, the otospheres shared characteristics with the cochlea, although several transcription factors specific for otospheres were identified. These transcription factors are expected to be essential for maintaining the characteristics of otospheres, and appear to be candidate genes that promote the direct conversion of cells into otic stem/progenitor cells.
Diagnostic value of serum IL‐6 level in monoclonal gammopathies (1995)

The serum level of IL-6 was reported to reflect disease severity in patients with multiple myeloma. We used a specific radioimmunoassay to measure the level of IL-6 in 239 serum samples in which a monoclonal gammopathy was identified for the first time. The same sample was used for the measurement of serum C reactive protein and serum albumin. Then, an inventory of clinical and biological features allowed us to classify these patients into five groups: monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS:128), multiple myeloma (MM:66), Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia (WM:27), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL:11) and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL:7). The number of patients with serum IL-6 (S-IL-6) level > 0.335 ng/ml (upper limit in normal sera) was significantly higher in the MM group (35%; Confidence Interval (CI) 23.5-46.5) compared with the MGUS group (15%; CI 8.8-21.2). The distribution of S-IL-6 levels was also significantly different between the groups (Mann-Whitney test: P < 0.01). High S-IL-6 levels were measured in 5/11 patients with NHL and 9/27 patients with WM. The distribution of S-IL-6 levels in these groups was the same as that in MGUS or MM groups. In patients with MM, elevated S-IL-6 levels were associated with haemoglobin level < 100 g/l (P < 0.005), bone marrow plasmocytosis > 50% (P < 0.005) and stages II and III in the Durie & Salmon staging system (P < 0.005). The S-IL-6 level was also related to light chain component excretion in urine (P < 0.01) and M component serum level for IgA (P < 0.01). In patients with MGUS, the S-IL-6 level correlated with serum CRP level (P < 0.05), serum lactate dehydrogenase (P < 0.05) and serum ferritin (P < 0.01). We conclude that the S-IL-6 level is a marker of high tumour burden in multiple myeloma. However, S-IL-6 level can be increased in patients with MGUS in relation to inflammatory parameters. Therefore the S-IL-6 level does not demonstrate high predictive value for the diagnosis of MM in patients with newly identified monoclonal gammopathy.
The role of the pectoral fins in body trim of sharks (2000)

In a large aquarium the leopard shark Triakis semifasciata , sand tiger shark Odontaspis taurus , sandbar shark Carcharhinus plumbeus , and spiny dogfish Squalus acanthias cruised steadily at 0·1‐0·7 body lengths s ‐1 . Relative to the trajectory of the shark, the pectoral fins were maintained at a positive angle of ttack regardless of vertical direction. For level swimming the mean angle of attack for the pectoral fin was 11±1·7, 10·1±1·3°, 9·3±1·3°, and 15·0±0·0 for T. semifasciata , C. plumbeus , O. taurus , and S. acanthias , respectively. The long axis of the body was canted at an angle of attack for T. semifasciata and S. acanthias , but trim was maintained during level swimming for C. plumbeus and O. taurus . Hydrodynamic analysis of the body and fin design of T. semifasciata indicated that the pectoral fins could develop suffcient pitching moment to maintain depth and keep the body in trim. Demonstration of positive angles of attack support the hypothesis that lift is generated in the anterior body to counterbalance the lift produced by the heterocercal tail.
Learning Spectral Clustering (2003)

Spectral clustering refers to a class of techniques which rely on the eigenstructure of a similarity matrix to partition points into disjoint clusters with points in the same cluster having high similarity and points in different clusters having low similarity. In this paper, we derive a new cost function for spectral clustering based on a measure of error between a given partition and a solution of the spectral relaxation of a minimum normalized cut problem. Minimizing this cost function with respect to the partition leads to a new spectral clustering algorithm. Minimizing with respect to the similarity matrix leads to an algorithm for learning the similarity matrix. We develop a tractable approximation of our cost function that is based on the power method of computing eigenvectors. 1
Biologic functions of the genes responsible for familial cancer (1994)

Clinical and molecular genetic studies on human familial cancers have provided important information toward further understanding of the etiology of hereditary and sporadic cancer. Our next challenge is to determine how mutations involving this group of genes leads to functional changes in the cell causing malignant growth. This article summarizes some of the significant findings recently reported concerning the biologic function of the genes that are involved in hereditary cancer syndromes.
A Privacy-preserving Disaggregation Algorithm for Non-intrusive Management of Flexible Energy (2019)

We consider a resource allocation problem involving a large number of agents with individual constraints subject to privacy, and a central operator whose objective is to optimize a global, possibly non-convex, cost while satisfying the agents' constraints. We focus on the practical case of the management of energy consumption flexibilities by the operator of a mi-crogrid. This paper provides a privacy-preserving algorithm that does compute the optimal allocation of resources, avoiding each agent to reveal her private information (constraints and individual solution profile) neither to the central operator nor to a third party. Our method relies on an aggregation procedure: we maintain a global allocation of resources, and gradually disaggregate this allocation to enforce the satisfaction of private constraints, by a protocol involving the generation of polyhedral cuts and secure multiparty computations (SMC). To obtain these cuts, we use an alternate projections method à la Von Neumann, which is implemented locally by each agent, preserving her privacy needs. Our theoretical and numerical results show that the method scales well as the number of agents gets large, and thus can be used to solve the allocation problem in high dimension, while addressing privacy issues.
A System for the Generation of Synthetic Wide Area Aerial Surveillance\n Imagery (2018)

The development, benchmarking and validation of aerial Persistent\nSurveillance (PS) algorithms requires access to specialist Wide Area Aerial\nSurveillance (WAAS) datasets. Such datasets are difficult to obtain and are\noften extremely large both in spatial resolution and temporal duration. This\npaper outlines an approach to the simulation of complex urban environments and\ndemonstrates the viability of using this approach for the generation of\nsimulated sensor data, corresponding to the use of wide area imaging systems\nfor surveillance and reconnaissance applications. This provides a\ncost-effective method to generate datasets for vehicle tracking algorithms and\nanomaly detection methods. The system fuses the Simulation of Urban Mobility\n(SUMO) traffic simulator with a MATLAB controller and an image generator to\ncreate scenes containing uninterrupted door-to-door journeys across large areas\nof the urban environment. This `pattern-of-life' approach provides\nthree-dimensional visual information with natural movement and traffic flows.\nThis can then be used to provide simulated sensor measurements (e.g. visual\nband and infrared video imagery) and automatic access to ground-truth data for\nthe evaluation of multi-target tracking systems.\n
Characterization of bacteria by mixed-dye fluorometry. (1983)

We describe an indirect detection method for bacterial identification and differentiation, based on selective adsorption of several fluorescent dyes. The lipid, protein, and nucleic acid components of fixed whole cells are stained with two mixtures, each containing two fluorochromes. The unadsorbed dyes were measured simultaneously with a video fluorometer [Clin Chem 22: 1483, 1976]. A dye-absorption matrix of the response can be generated, and we did so for each of nine bacteria. These responses were compared to a control or "complete" response matrix, and the response ratios of each bacterial species for each of the four dyes were calculated and plotted to obtain a characteristic pattern. From the response-ratio plots, plus simple pattern-recognition techniques, we could differentiate among all the bacteria. This rapid, sensitive technique is potentially applicable to a wide variety of bacteria.
X-band SAR imaging with a liquid-crystal-based dynamic metasurface antenna (2017)

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) synthesizes a large effective aperture via coherent processing of multiple measurements taken from a moving platform. We present an approach for SAR imaging using an X-band (10–13.7&#x2009;&#x2009;GHz) dynamic metasurface antenna (MSA). This newly developed antenna has over 6000 liquid-crystal-switched radiating elements that cover a circular area with an approximate diameter of 0.45&#x00A0;m. The MSA&#x2019;s main beam can be steered electronically to spherical angles of up to &#x00B1;70&#x00B0;. To the best of our knowledge, we present the first-reported laboratory-scale imaging experiments with a liquid-crystal-switched MSA. We leverage the beam-steering capabilities of the MSA in a spotlight SAR mode to achieve a measured cross-range resolution of 1.6&#x00A0;cm, a 62% improvement over the 4.2&#x00A0;cm cross-range resolution achieved with the same aperture without the metasurface-enabled beam steering. The dynamic MSA offers the superior image resolution of a beam-steering device without the hardware burden of conventional phased array antennas.
Diagnosing Pulmonary Embolism with Four–Detector Row Helical CT: Prospective Evaluation of 216 Outpatients and Inpatients (2005)

Multi-detector row CT enables diagnosis in 91% of cases and identification of isolated subsegmental or chronic PE in a relatively high proportion of patients.