gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The year in cardiology 2015: prevention (2016)

Improved prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is of critical importance, as coronary heart disease (CHD) still represents the most common cause of death worldwide, engendering inestimable socioeconomic cost. The year 2015 has witnessed dramatic progress in CVD prevention on several fronts. Notably, this includes (i) event reduction in high-risk patients in general practice following introduction of a comprehensive strategy to attenuate modifiable risk factors, including lifestyle and dietary habits; (ii) the study of hybrid imaging to detect subclinical atherosclerosis, with potential improvement in risk prediction/management; (iii) the clinical demonstration, that culprit plaque rupture was observed in only 50–77% of patients with acute coronary syndromes; (iv) the emergence of ‘omics’ technologies to identify new causal biofactors; (v) the validation in clinical trials of the efficacy of monoclonal antibodies targeted to proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) in markedly reducing levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) across a spectrum of patients at high risk of premature CVD, with preliminary findings strongly suggestive of reduction in cardiovascular events; (vi) significant reduction of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in diabetic patients in the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial with the anti-hyperglycaemic agent, empagliflozin, a selective sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLAT-2) inhibitor; (vii) new pharmacotherapeutic strategies for superior control of hypertension emanating from the PATHWAY-2 and PATHWAY-3 clinical trials involving spironoloactone add-on therapy in resistant hypertension, and amiloride plus hydrochlorothiazide in hypertensive patients requiring a diuretic, respectively; and finally (viii) a reduced mortality associated with a lower blood pressure target of 120 mmHg in patients at high cardiovascular risk in the SPRINT trial. Considered together, such progress augurs well for the future control of dyslipidaemia, hyperglycaemia, and hypertension, and with it, progressive reduction in atherosclerotic vascular disease and associated cardiovascular events in high-risk patients.
Radioablation +/− hormonotherapy for prostate cancer oligorecurrences (Radiosa trial): potential of imaging and biology (AIRC IG-22159) (2019)

The RADIOSA study was prospectively registered at clinicaltrials.gov ( NCT03940235 , May 2019).
The vomeronasal organ and adjacent glands express components of signaling cascades found in sensory neurons in the main olfactory system. (2008)

The vomeronasal organ (VNO) is a sensory organ that influences social and/or reproductive behavior and, in many cases, the survival of an organism. The VNO is believed to mediate responses to pheromones; however, many mechanisms of signal transduction in the VNO remain elusive. Here, we examined the expression of proteins involved in signal transduction that are found in the main olfactory system in the VNO. The localization of many signaling molecules in the VNO is quite different from those in the main olfactory system, suggesting differences in signal transduction mechanisms between these two chemosensory organs. Various signaling molecules are expressed in distinct areas of VNO sensory epithelium. Interestingly, we found the expressions of groups of these signaling molecules in glandular tissues adjacent to VNO, supporting the physiological significance of these glandular tissues. Our finding of high expression of signaling proteins in glandular tissues suggests that neurohumoral factors influence glandular tissues to modulate signaling cascades that in turn alter the responses of the VNO to hormonal status.
Pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1: clinical features and management in infancy (2013)

Patients with type 1 PHA are likely to present in the neonatal period with hyponatraemia, hyperkalaemia and metabolic acidosis and can be diagnosed by the significantly elevated plasma renin activity and aldosterone levels.The differential diagnosis of type 1 PHA includes adrenal disorders such as adrenal hypoplasia and congenital adrenal hyperplasia; thus, adrenal function including cortisol levels, 17-hydroxyprogesterone and a urinary steroid profile are required. Secondary (transient) causes of PHA may be due to urinary tract infections or renal anomalies; thus, urine culture and renal ultrasound scan are required respectively.A differentiation between renal and systemic PHA type 1 may be made based on sodium requirements, ease of management of electrolyte imbalance, sweat test results and genetic testing.Management of renal PHA type 1 is with sodium supplementation, and requirements often decrease with age.Systemic PHA type 1 requires aggressive and intensive fluid and electrolyte management. Securing an enteral feeding route and i.v. access are essential to facilitate ongoing therapy.In this area of the UK, the incidence of AD PHA and AR PHA was calculated to be 1:66 000 and 1:166 000 respectively.
Fluorosulfuryl Isocyanate Enabled SuFEx Ligation of Alcohols and Amines (2021)

Abstract Fluorosulfuryl isocyanate (FSI, FSO 2 NCO) is established as a reliable bis‐electrophilic linker for stepwise attachment of an alcohol bearing module to an amine bearing module and thence a new module RO‐C(=O)‐NH‐SO 2 ‐NR′R′′ is created. FSI's isocyanate motif fuses directly and quickly with alcohols and phenols, affording fluorosulfuryl carbamates in nearly quantitative yield. A new reagent and process to deliver the FSI‐derived fluorosulfuryl carbamate fragment to amines are also developed. The resulting S VI −F motifs from step‐1 are remarkably stable, given the great structural complexities in diverse products. In the step‐2 reaction with amines, the best yield of the S−N linked products arise with water alone. This “on water” interfacial reactivity phenomenon is crucial, revealing the latent reactivity of S VI −F probe for potential covalent capture of proteins in vivo which is important in today's drug discovery. The scope of the SuFEx chemistry is largely expanded thereby and the facile entry to these phosphate‐like connections should prove useful to click chemistry across diverse fields.
High internal phase water-in-oil emulsions: influence of surfactants and cosurfactants on emulsion stability and foam quality (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHigh internal phase water-in-oil emulsions: influence of surfactants and cosurfactants on emulsion stability and foam qualityJoel M. WilliamsCite this: Langmuir 1991, 7, 7, 1370–1377Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00055a014https://doi.org/10.1021/la00055a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2942Altmetric-Citations194LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Measurement based nonlinear electrothermal modeling of GaAs FET with dynamical trapping effects (2002)

This paper presents MESFET measurement methods based on pulsed measurements that separate trapping and thermal effects. Derived from these measurements, a model of the trapping effect is determined, as well as a thermal model. The proposed nonlinear model is validated from DC to RF frequencies, it handles dynamical dispersive effects and does not depend on the hot bias point.
Square Coded Aperture: A Large Aperture With Extended Depth Of Field (2018)

We propose a square aperture as a simple and practical alternative to existing coded aperture. A spatial derivative converts sensor measurements taken with a square aperture mask into measurements taken with a pinhole or slit aperture mask. Thus square aperture shares the properties of both large and small apertures, yielding excellent light efficiency while an artificial small aperture results in an infinite depth of field. We developed a prototype lens to confirm the feasibility of our blur size estimation and image deblurring approach.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESE VON ALPHA‐BROMSULFOXIDEN (1971)

Abstract Sulfoxide (I) lassen sich in Methylenchlorid oder Chloroform in Gegenwart von Pyridin bei 0‐40°C durch Brom oder N‐Bromsuccinimid/Brom in die a‐Bromsulfoxide (II) (Ausbeuten 31 ‐ 58%) überführen.
Polyamidoimidonitride Clusters of Zirconium – a molecular orbital study (1996)

Abstract Molecular orbital calculations of the extended Hückel type on the polyamidoimidonitride clusters of zirconium indicate that there is little metal‐metal bonding in the clusters; instead the clusters are held together by strong interactions with an interstitial nitride, and bridging and capping ligands. The centering nitride is shown to be important in stabilizing the cluster. The reactivity of these clusters is also examined, in particular, the possible activity of a lone pair on the interstitial nitride and the ability of the clusters to undergo reduction.
Fast Triangle Counting Using Cilk (2018)

Triangle counting is a representative graph analysis algorithm with several applications. It is also one of the three benchmarks used in the IEEE HPEC Graph Challenge. Triangle counting can be expressed as a graph algorithm and in a linear algebra formulation using sparse matrix-matrix multiplication (SpGEMM). The linear algebra formulation using the SpGEMM algorithm in the Kokkoskernels library was one of the fastest implementations for the triangle counting problem in last year's Graph Challenge. This paper improves upon that work by developing an SpGEMM implementation that relies on a highly efficient, work-stealing, multithreaded runtime. We demonstrate that this new implementation results in improving the triangle counting runtime up to 5× to 12× on different architectures. This new implementation also breaks the 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">9</sup> barrier for the rate measure on a single node for the triangle counting problem. We also compare the linear algebra formulation with a traditional graph based formulation. The linear algebra implementation is up to 2.96× to 7× faster on different architectures compared to the graph based implementation. Furthermore, we present analysis of the scaling of the triangle counting implementation as the graph sizes increase using both synthetic and real graphs from the graph challenge data set.
Bayesian Visual Reranking (2011)

Visual reranking has been proven effective to refine text-based video and image search results. It utilizes visual information to recover “true” ranking list from the noisy one generated by text-based search, by incorporating both textual and visual information. In this paper, we model the textual and visual information from the probabilistic perspective and formulate visual reranking as an optimization problem in the Bayesian framework, termed Bayesian visual reranking. In this method, the textual information is modeled as a likelihood, to reflect the disagreement between reranked results and text-based search results which is called ranking distance. The visual information is modeled as a conditional prior, to indicate the ranking score consistency among visually similar samples which is called visual consistency. Bayesian visual reranking derives the best reranking results by maximizing visual consistency while minimizing ranking distance. To model the ranking distance more precisely, we propose a novel pair-wise method which measure the ranking distance based on the disagreement in terms of pair-wise orders. For visual consistency, we study three different regularizers to mine the best way for its modeling. We conduct extensive experiments on both video and image search datasets. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed Bayesian visual reranking.
Incremental Value of Isolating the Right Inferior Pulmonary Vein During Pulmonary Vein Isolation Procedures in Patients With Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation (2004)

Electrical isolation of the left superior, left inferior, and right superior pulmonary veins (PVs) is often, but not always, effective in eliminating paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF). The incremental clinical value of also isolating the right inferior PV has not been well defined. PV isolation by ostial applications of radiofrequency energy guided by PV potentials was performed in 176 consecutive patients (mean age 52 +/- 11 years) with PAF. The left superior, left inferior, and right superior PVs were targeted in 106 patients, and all four PVs were targeted 70 patients. Successful isolation was achieved in 96% of targeted PVs. The mean duration of follow-up was 15 +/- 7 months. At 1-year follow-up, 58% of patients in whom three PVs were isolated were free of recurrent PAF in the absence of antiarrhythmic drug therapy, compared to 73% of patients in whom all four PVs were isolated (P = 0.07). There is a trend towards a better outcome when all four PVs are isolated than when only the three major PVs are isolated. Whenever feasible, the right inferior PV should be isolated along with the other three PVs during the first ablation procedure in patients with PAF.
DRD2/ANKK1 Taq1A polymorphism (rs1800497) has opposing effects on D2/3 receptor binding in healthy controls and patients with major depressive disorder (2013)

The A1 allele of the DRD2/ANKK1 Taq1A polymorphism (rs1800497) is associated with reduced striatal D(2/3) receptor binding in healthy individuals (Con) as well as depression and addiction. However, the effect of rs1800497 on D(2/3) receptor binding in depressed patients as well as the SNP's effect on D(2/3) binding during reward-associated dopamine release is unknown. Twelve unmedicated patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and 24 Con completed PET scans with [(11)C]raclopride, once without receiving monetary rewards (baseline) and once while winning money. In Con, the A1 allele was associated with reduced baseline binding potential (BP(ND)) in the middle caudate and ventral striatum. However, in MDD patients the A1 allele was associated with increased baseline BP(ND) in these regions. There were no significant associations between rs1800497 and change in BP(ND) during reward-associated dopamine release. Conceivably, the A1 allele predisposes to depression and addiction via its effect on the post-synaptic D(2) receptor.
Implementing Layer 2 Network Virtualization Using OpenFlow: Challenges and Solutions (2012)

Novel approaches for network virtualization at Layer 2 which are not based on VLAN have became a real possibility since the appearance of Software Defined Networking and OpenFlow in particular. We have deployed our own network virtualization facility based on Layer 2 prefixes using OpenFlow: the EHU OpenFlow Enabled Facility (EHU-OEF). We have implemented a solution that allows research and production traffic to share the same infrastructure without interfering with each other. It requires minimum configuration in the case of researchers and none in the case of non-technical users. In our deployment we found several challenges with Layer 2 protocols that use broadcast/multicast addresses due to the use of OpenFlow. In order to solve those challenges, we developed several custom modules for the OpenFlow controller and made some changes in the Flow Visor. Finally, the design of the EHU-OEF facility as well as some configuration details are described.
Isotope Effect in the Magneto‐Optoelectronic Response of Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes Based on Donor–Acceptor Exciplexes (2020)

The isotope effect is studied in the magneto-electroluminescence (MEL) and pulsed electrically detected magnetic resonance of organic light-emitting diodes based on thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) from donor-acceptor exciplexes that are either protonated (H) or deuterated (D). It is found that at ambient temperature, the exchange of H to D has no effect on the spin-dependent current and MEL responses in the devices. However, at cryogenic temperatures, where the reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) from triplet to singlet exciplex diminishes, a pronounced isotope effect is observed. These results show that the RISC process is not governed by the hyperfine interaction as thought previously, but proceeds through spin-mixing in the triplet exciplex. The observations are corroborated by electrically detected transient spin nutation experiments that show relatively long dephasing time at ambient temperature, and interpreted in the context of a model that involves exchange and hyperfine interactions in the spin triplet exciplex. These findings deepen the understanding of the RISC process in TADF materials.
Development of a fully-depleted thin-body FinFET process (2003)

The goal of this work is to develop the processes needed for the demonstration of a fully-depleted (FD) thin-body fin field effect transistor (FinFET). Recognized by the 2003 International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors as an emerging non-classical CMOS technology, FinFETs exhibit high drive current, reduced short-channel effects, an extreme scalability to deep submicron regimes. The approach used in this study will build on previous FinFET research, along with new concepts and technologies. The critical aspects of this research are: (1) thin body creation using spacer etchmasks and oxidation/etchback schemes, (2) use of an oxynitride gate dielectric, (3) silicon crystal orientation effect evaluation, and (4) creation of fully-depleted FinFET devices of submicron gate length on Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) substrates. The developed process yielded functional FinFETs of both thin body and wide body variety. Electrical tests were employed to describe device behaviour, including their subthreshold characteristics, standard operation, effects of gate misalignment on device performance, and impact of crystal orientation on device drive current. The process is shown to have potential for deep submicron regimes of fin width and gate length, and provides a good foundation for further research of FinFETs and similar technologies at RIT.
Immunohistochemical Analysis of Radical Prostatectomy Specimens After 8 Months of Neoadjuvant Hormonal Therapy. (1999)

Neoadjuvant hormone therapy (NHT) prior to radical prostatectomy (RP) results in residual foci of atrophic glands, which can be difficult to identify with hematoxylin-eosin staining, raising the possibility that the low positive-margin rates are an artifact of pathologic understaging. The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in prostate specific antigen (PSA) and prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), as well as proliferation marker Ki-67 and Bcl-2 oncoprotein, by immunostaining after 8 months of NHT. Twenty-nine men with clinically confined prostate cancer who received 8 months of NHT and had both pretreatment biopsy and RP specimens obtained at Vancouver Hospital constituted the treatment group. The control group consisted of 23 RP specimens from patients not receiving NHT. Sections were stained with antibodies against PSA, PAP, proliferation marker Ki-67, and the antiapoptosis protein Bcl-2. The PSA and PAP immunostaining were graded for percentage of positive tumor cells and intensity of staining, while Ki-67 and Bcl-2 staining was graded according to the percentage of positive tumor cells. Absent or low percentage-positive PSA and PAP staining was observed in 40% to 50% of the NHT-treated RP specimens but none of the needle biopsy or untreated control RP specimens. Low-intensity PSA and PAP staining was detected only in RP specimens after NHT treatment, and then in only 20% of cases. Low or absent Ki-67 staining was noted in 78% of the NHT- treated RP specimens, compared with only 13% of the matched pre-NHT needle biopsies and 26% of untreated RP specimens. The percentage of specimens with high (>5%) Ki-67 staining decreased from 37% in the pre-NHT needle biopsies to 8% in the NHT-treated RP specimens. Bcl-2 staining increased after treatment with NHT, with 20% of the needle biopsies having high (>5%) Bcl-2 staining compared with 53% of the NHT-treated RP specimens. The frequency of low Bcl-2 staining (<1%) decreased from 53% in the pre-NHT needle biopsies to 27% in the NHT-treated RP specimens. Although PAP and PSA staining decreased after NHT, both markers remain sufficiently positive to be used as epithelial markers to help detect residual foci of prostate cancer that are difficult to identify on H&E-stained slides after NHT. Increased Bcl-2 after NHT, even in early-stage disease, is consistent with its role in the prevention of apoptosis and progression to androgen independence. Low levels of Ki-67 staining indicates a low probability of proliferation and outgrowth of androgen-independent clones after 8 months of NHT.
Different Approaching Directions of σ and π Nucleophiles to the Sulfur Atom of Thiiranium and Thiirenium Ions (2000)

Conflicting directions? Recently, L. Radom et al. reported a theoretical investigation on the nucleophilic attack of ethylene or acetylene to the sulfur atom of unsubstituted thiiranium and thiirenium ions (T. I. Sølling, S. B. Wild, L. Radom, Chem. Eur. J. 1999, 5, 509). They found two transition states that corresponded to the addition of the double or triple bond along the x or z direction, whereas our experimental results show that nucleophilic attack of dialkyl disulfide to the sulfur atom occurs along the y direction. Herein we give an explanation for the apparent discrepancies of these results.
Membrane-Permeant 3-OH-Phosphorylated Phosphoinositide Derivatives (2001)

A crucial role in the regulation of epithelial chloride secretion is played by the phosphoinositide PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 . Membrane-permeant derivatives of this and other naturally occurring phosphoinositides have been synthesized. These derivatives, which can be bioactivated, were used in investigations on nasal epithelia of patients suffering from cystic fibrosis.
Directed graph for adaptive organization and learning of a knowledge base (1988)

A directed graph is considered for organization of a knowledge base for neural, associative, model-based, and other advanced processors. Its ability to self-organize itself, delete old information, and add new information and its many interconnections make it most suitable for optical realization and use in advanced neural and adaptive optical processors. An alphanumeric image space example is used as a case study, and an optical processor architecture to achieve this with impressive performance is discussed.
Adenomyosis is a potential cause of recurrent implantation failure during IVF treatment (2011)

Four women, who previously had undergone multiple unsuccessful in vitro fertilisation (IVF) cycles because of failure of implantation of good quality embryos, were identified as having coexisting uterine adenomyosis. Endometrial biopsies showed that adenomyosis was associated with a prominent aggregation of macrophages within the superficial endometrial glands, potentially interfering with embryo implantation. The inactivation of adenomyosis by an ultra-long pituitary downregulation regime promptly resulted in successful pregnancy for all women in this case series.