gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polyimide Membranes Derived from Poly(amic acid) Salt Precursor Polymers. 1. Synthesis and Characterization (2001)

A series of new poly(amic acid) salt polymers were synthesized and characterized. It has been found that these poly(amic acid) salt polymers are highly soluble in alcohol-based solvents, a feature that is useful for membrane preparation. It was also found that poly(amic acid) tertiary amine salts can be quantitatively imidized at 150 °C, a temperature that is lower than the imidization temperature of poly(amic acid) or of poly(amic acid) quaternary amine salts of identical backbone structure. This makes poly(amic acid) tertiary amine salt polymer a preferred precursor for preparation of polyimide gas separation membranes. Gas permeation characteristics of dense polyimide films prepared from poly(amic acid) tertiary amine precursors were further measured and compared to chemically identical polyimide films obtained by conventional methodologies.
Microassembly Techniques for a Three-Dimensional Neural Stimulating Microelectrode Array (2006)

This paper describes microassembly techniques for an out-of-plane three-dimensional microelectrode array for neural stimulating and recording in the central nervous system. An interlocking mechanism has been introduced into the microassembly components to facilitate the process, increase the robustness of the assembled device and improve the yield of the overall system. In-vivo testing has demonstrated full functionality of the microassembled 3D array.
The retinamide VNLG‐152 inhibits f‐AR/AR‐V7 and MNK–eIF4E signaling pathways to suppress EMT and castration‐resistant prostate cancer xenograft growth (2018)

VNLG-152 is a novel retinamide (NR) shown to suppress growth and progression of genetically diverse prostate cancer cells via inhibition of androgen receptor signaling and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) translational machinery. Herein, we report therapeutic effects of VNLG-152 on castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) growth and metastatic phenotype in a CRPC tumor xenograft model. Administration of VNLG-152 significantly and dose-dependently suppressed the growth of aggressive CWR22Rv1 tumors by 63.4% and 76.3% at 10 and 20 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup> bw, respectively (P < 0.0001), vs. vehicle with no host toxicity. Strikingly, the expression of full-length androgen receptor (f-AR)/androgen receptor splice variant-7 (AR-V7), mitogen-activated protein kinase-interacting kinases 1 and 2 (MNK1/2), phosphorylated eIF4E and their associated target proteins, including prostate-specific antigen, cyclin D1 and Bcl-2, were strongly decreased in VNLG-152-treated tumors signifying inhibition of f-AR/AR-V7 and MNK-eIF4E signaling in VNLG-152-treated CWR22Rv1 tumors as observed in vitro. VNLG-152 also suppressed the epithelial to mesenchymal transition in CWR22Rv1 tumors as evidenced by repression of N-cadherin, β-catenin, claudin, Slug, Snail, Twist, vimentin and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) with upsurge in E-cadherin. These results highlight the promising use of VNLG-152 in CRPC therapy and justify its further development towards clinical trials.
Enhanced expression of p53 and apoptosis induced by blockade of the vacuolar proton ATPase in cardiomyocytes. (1998)

Activation of the vacuolar proton ATPase (VPATPase) has been implicated in the prevention of apoptosis in neutrophils and adult cardiac myocytes. To determine the role of the VPATPase in apoptosis of cardiac myocytes, we used a potent and specific inhibitor of the VPATPase, bafilomycin A1. Bafilomycin A1 alone caused increased DNA laddering of genomic DNA and increased nuclear staining for fragmented DNA in neonatal cardiomyocyte apoptosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Intracellular acidification in cardiac myocytes was also observed after 18 h of bafilomycin A1 treatment. Accordingly, bafilomycin A1-treated myocytes also showed increased accumulation of p53 protein and p53-dependent transactivation of gene expression, including a persistent upregulation of p21/wild-type p53 activated fragment 1/cyclin kinase inhibitor protein-1 mRNA. The bafilomycin A1-induced increase in p53 protein levels was accompanied by a marked increase in p53 mRNA accumulation. In contrast, cardiac fibroblasts treated with bafilomycin A1 showed no change in p53 protein expression or pHi and did not undergo apoptosis even after 24 h of treatment. Our data suggest that blockade of the VPATPase induces apoptotic cell death of cardiac myocytes and that this may occur through a p53-mediated apoptotic pathway.
Volumetric Breast Density Estimation from Full-Field Digital Mammograms: A Validation Study (2014)

Accurate volumetric breast density assessment is feasible in Full-Field Digital Mammograms and has potential to be used in objective breast cancer risk models and personalized screening.
Characterization of a human surfactant protein A1 (SP-A1) gene-specific antibody; SP-A1 content variation among individuals of varying age and pulmonary health (2006)

The human surfactant protein A (SP-A) locus consists of two functional genes (SP-A1, SP-A2) with gene-specific products exhibiting qualitative and quantitative differences. The aim here was twofold: 1) generate SP-A1 gene-specific antibody, and 2) use this to assess gene-specific SP-A content in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). An SP-A1-specific polyclonal antibody (hSP-A1_Ab(68-88)_Col) was raised in chicken, and its specificity was determined by immunoblot and ELISA using mammalian Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell-expressed SP-A1 and SP-A2 variants and by immunofluorescence with stably transfected CHO cell lines expressing SP-A1 or SP-A2 variants. SP-A1 content was evaluated according to age and lung status. A gradual decrease (P < 0.05) in SP-A1/SP-A ratio was observed in healthy subjects (HS) with increased age, although no significant change was observed in total SP-A content among age groups. Total SP-A and SP-A1 content differed significantly between alveolar proteinosis (AP) patients and HS, with no significant difference observed in SP-A1/SP-A ratio between AP and HS. The cystic fibrosis (CF) ratio was significantly higher compared with AP, HS, and noncystic fibrosis (NCF), even though SP-A1 and total SP-A were decreased in CF compared with most of the other groups. The ratio was higher in culture-positive vs. culture-negative samples from CF and NCF (P = 0.031). A trend of an increased ratio was observed in culture-positive CF (0.590 +/- 0.10) compared with culture-positive NCF (0.368 +/- 0.085). In summary, we developed and characterized an SP-A1 gene-specific antibody and used it to identify gene-specific SP-A content in BALFs as a function of age and lung health.
Computational Methods for Multiphase Flows in Porous Media (2006)

Preface 1. Introduction 2. Flow and transport equations 3. Rock and fluid properties 4. Numerical methods 5. Solution of linear systems 6. Single phase flow 7. Two-phase flow 8. The Black Oil model 9. The Compositional model 10. Nonisothermal flow 11. Chemical flooding 12. Flows in fractured porous media 13. Welling modeling 14. Special topics 15. Nomenclature 16. Units Bibliography Index.
ChemInform Abstract: Water‐Soluble Metal Complexes and Catalysts. Part 3. New Water‐Soluble Metal Complexes of the Sulfonated Triphenylphosphane: Mn, Fe, Ru, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt, Ag, Au. (1990)

Abstract Twenty‐four complexes of the title ligand (see preceding paper) are synthesized from readily accessible precursor compounds and isolated pure by gelpermeation chromatography.
Compact Bone Fatigue Damage (1977)

It has been argued that teachers need practical principled knowledge and that design research can help develop such knowledge. What has been underestimated, however, is how to make such know-how and know-why useful for teachers. To illustrate how principled knowledge can be "practicalized", we draw on a design study in which we developed a professional development program for primary school teachers (N = 5) who learned to design language-oriented mathematics lessons. The principled knowledge we used in the program stemmed from the literature on genre pedagogy, scaffolding, and hypothetical learning trajectories. We show how shifting to a simple template focusing on "domain text" rather than genre, and "reasoning steps" rather that genre features made the principled knowledge more practical for teachers.
Hybrid Lasers Based on CdSe/CdS Core/Shell Colloidal Quantum Rods on Silica Microspheres (2012)

Single-mode lasing at ~628 nm above an absorbed pump power threshold of 67.5 µW, tunable within a 2.1-nm range (30% of the free-spectral-range) was obtained from colloidal CdSe/CdS core/shell nanorods on whispering-gallery-mode silica microspheres.
dUTPase expression correlates with cell division potential in Drosophila melanogaster (2015)

dUTP pyrophosphatase (dUTPase) is a dNTP-sanitizing enzyme that prevents the appearance of potentially harmful uracil bases in DNA by hydrolyzing cellular dUTP. This function of dUTPase is found to be essential in many organisms including Drosophila melanogaster. Previously, we showed that the expression pattern of dUTPase determines the extent of uracil accumulation in the genome of different tissues. We wished to find the regulatory mechanism that eventually leaves a set of tissues with a uracil-free and intact genome. We found that the expression pattern established by the promoter of Drosophila dUTPase overlaps with mRNA and protein expression, excluding the involvement of other post-transcriptional contributions. This promoter was found to be active in primordial tissues, such as in the imaginal discs of larvae, in the larval brain and in reproductive organs. In the case of brain and imaginal tissues, we observed that the promoter activity depends on a DNA replication-related element motif, the docking site of DNA replication-related element binding factor, which is known as a transcriptional activator of genes involved in replication and proliferation. These results suggest that dUTPase expression is fine-tuned to meet the requirements of DNA synthesis in tissues where the maintenance of genome integrity is of high importance.
Embedded Video and Computer Based Instruction to Improve Social Skills for Students with Autism (2004)

Effects of combining video and computer based instruction to teach social skills to four students with autism were evaluated with a multiple probe design across behaviors. The teacher designed a computer based program with embedded video clips of peers without disabilities displaying examples and non-examples of the targeted social skills: sharing, following teacher directions, and social greetings. Students were required to discriminate the examples from non-examples displayed in the video clips. Following computer based training, students participated in group activities with peers without disabilities. This allowed for evaluation of social skill acquisition. All students showed rapid improvements in targeted social skills in the natural environment.
Targeted Disruption of Kir2.1 and Kir2.2 Genes Reveals the Essential Role of the Inwardly Rectifying K + Current in K + -Mediated Vasodilation (2000)

The molecular bases of inwardly rectifying K(+) (Kir) currents and K(+)-induced dilations were examined in cerebral arteries of mice that lack the Kir2.1 and Kir2.2 genes. The complete absence of the open reading frame in animals homozygous for the targeted allele was confirmed. Kir2.1(-/-) animals die 8 to 12 hours after birth, apparently due to a complete cleft of the secondary palate. In contrast, Kir2.2(-/-) animals are viable and fertile. Kir currents were observed in cerebral artery myocytes isolated from control neonatal animals but were absent in myocytes from Kir2.1(-/-) animals. Voltage-dependent K(+) currents were similar in cells from neonatal control and Kir2.1(-/-) animals. An increase in the extracellular K(+) concentration from 6 to 15 mmol/L caused Ba(2+)-sensitive dilations in pressurized cerebral arteries from control and Kir2.2 mice. In contrast, arteries from Kir2.1(-/-) animals did not dilate when the extracellular K(+) concentration was increased to 15 mmol/L. In summary, Kir2.1 gene expression in arterial smooth muscle is required for Kir currents and K(+)-induced dilations in cerebral arteries.
Restoration of degraded Kannada handwritten paper inscriptions (Hastaprati) using image enhancement techniques (2017)

The digital image processing has got much attention of the researchers towards development of automatic optical character recognition system. The image analysis of documents mainly focused on printed and handwritten document images. In printed document image analysis, the input image is that of machine printed document, where as in handwritten document image analysis, it is of document handwritten by different persons on a paper by using pen or pencil. Presently most of the research work addresses issues related to handwritten document images and the Kannada script. The printed script recognition system is much easier than handwritten script recognition system. In printed documents, font style and size of the characters standardized but handwritten characters vary in size and style of font from person to person and time to time, which is a very tedious job for recognition. In this paper, we proposed a new novel approach for restoration of degraded Kannada handwritten paper inscription (hastaprati) using the combination of special local and global binarization techniques, by eliminating of non-uniformly illuminated background. The performance evaluation is done by calculating the values of MSE and PSNR and these results are compared with manual results obtained by the Epigraphists. It is also compared with other standard methods, namely, souvola and niblack in the literature, which demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method. Restoration of degraded Kannada handwritten documents plays an important role in age identification, Kannada character recognition and classification for the Kannada handwritten script written on paper (hastaprati).
Comparative Analysis of Microchannel Heat Sink Configurations Subject to a Pressure Constraint (2008)

Abstract Leakage losses and ever-increasing power dissipation in the microprocessor are causing significant thermal, mechanical, and reliability problems. Conventional cooling methods are reaching their practical limits, and new methods of lowering the operating temperature of microprocessors are being explored. Microfluidics-based cooling schemes are one approach being considered. The implementation of microchannels for forced convection at the chip level shows much promise, as the effective heat transfer surface area and attainable heat flux are very favorable. A major design limitation to such an implementation is the pressure developed within such micro-flows and the stresses that could result. In this study, multiple discrete microchannel heat sink configurations are analyzed computationally and compared in a cooling capability sense, while total pressure drop across the flows is carefully considered. A single cooling channel over an energy source is split into two smaller channels, and so on, while total pressure drop is maintained constant, and specified such that all flows remain in the laminar regime. It is shown that for the configurations analyzed, there exists multiple-dependence optimum cooling configurations. In addition, it is shown that a slimmer design may be implemented with a relatively small effect on cooling capability. Furthermore, cooling capability dependence on total pressure drop of the flows is shown to be minimal for high-performing microchannel configurations.
ecancermedicalscience (2016)

Adenocarcinoma of the cervix is a rare condition that has shown an increase in incidence, especially in the 20- to 34-year-old group. Adenocarcinoma represents about 5-10% of all tumours in this area, and, among these, the clear cell type accounts for 4-9%. This type of tumour affects mainly postmenopausal women but also occurs in young women with a history of prenatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES). The prognosis for adenocarcinoma of the cervix is poor overall and worse for the clear cell variety. This article discusses a case of clear cell adenocarcinoma of the cervix, unrelated to intrauterine exposure to DES, in a woman of childbearing age who wished to preserve her fertility and was therefore treated by radical vaginal trachelectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy.
Percutaneous Central Dual-Lumen Catheter for Apheresis in the Canine (2002)

The dog model has been used extensively for preclinical hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) research. Apheresis of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor mobilized peripheral blood donor stem cells is increasingly being used for transplantation. We investigated the use of a percutaneous dual-lumen central venous catheter (DLC) for large-volume apheresis in the dog model. Fifteen dogs undergoing apheresis for HSCT had catheters placed percutaneously. Apheresis was performed in all 15 dogs without complications. In comparison to the previous techniques of arteriovenous shunts for apheresis, the DLC demonstrates comparable efficacy, is more efficient and cost-effective, and is associated with a lower complication rate. We demonstrate that the percutaneous DLC is the preferable method for apheresis in the dog model.
ChemInform Abstract: ETHYL 9‐PHENYLHYDRAZONO‐ AND 9‐PHENYLAMINOMETHYLENE‐4‐OXO‐6,7,8,9‐TETRAHYDRO‐4H‐PYRIDO(1,2‐A)PYRIMIDINE‐3‐CARBOXYLATE AND ITS HOMOLOGS. SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURAL STUDIES (1983)

Abstract Die bicyclischen Pyrimidinone (1) werden durch Vilsmeier‐Haack‐ Formylierungen in die Aminomethylen‐Derivate (II) bzw. das FormyLDerivat (III) übergeführt, aus denen mit Anilin die Phenylamine (IV) und mit Phenyldiazonium‐ Chlorid die Hydrazone (V) erhalten werden.
Enalapril prevents clinical proteinuria in diabetic patients with low ejection fraction. (2000)

Clinical proteinuria is an independent predictor of hospitalization for CHF and mortality in diabetic and nondiabetic patients with LV dysfunction. Enalapril significantly reduces the risk of clinical proteinuria in diabetic patients with LV dysfunction.
Deep receiver design for multi-carrier waveforms using CNNs (2021)

In this paper, a deep learning based receiver is proposed for a collection of multi-carrier wave-forms including both current and next-generation wireless communication systems. In particular, we propose to use a convolutional neural network (CNN) for jointly detection and demodulation of the received signal at the receiver in wireless environments. We compare our proposed architecture to the classical methods and demonstrate that our proposed CNN-based architecture can perform better on different multi-carrier forms including OFDM and GFDM in various simulations. Furthermore, we compare the total number of required parameters for each network for memory requirements.
Hydrodynamic Heave Damping Estimation and Scaling for Tension Leg Platforms (1994)

Resonant heave excitation of tension leg platform (TLP) tendons is typically of high frequency and small amplitude. The response of the tendons to this excitation is non-negligible due to a very small drag coefficient of the structure in this mode of oscillation. Small values of the drag force complicate experimental estimation in a laboratory due to the dominating inertial force. Model tests conducted at the University of Michigan investigating the damping experienced by a cylinder of 0.457 m (1.5 ft) diameter and 1.219 m (4.0 ft) draft are described here. The cylinder is vertical and surface-piercing, and oscillates parallel to its axis. The amplitude of the forcing is varied to give a Keulegan-Carpenter (KC) number range of 0.1–1.0. The frequency parameter β is 89236, corresponding to an oscillation frequency of 0.41 Hz. From these experiments, a definite nonlinear trend is observed between the drag force and velocity conflicting with some of the results reported by Huse (1990) and Chakrabarti and Hanna (1991). The heave damping coefficients of individual structural components of a TLP follow different scaling laws. Rules are presented for scaling friction and form drag components from model to full scale. Results from experiments are used to obtain a scaling law for vertical columns of a TLP. Previously published results are used for horizontal pontoons. An example TLP calculation shows that the heave damping ratio of horizontal cylinders is approximately 0.049–0.078 percent, depending upon cylinder shape, and that for vertical cylinders is in the range 0.025–0.171 percent, depending upon KC.
Two-frequency laser interferometer for small displacement measurements in a low frequency range (1979)

A two-frequency Michelson-type interferometer is studied for small displacement measurements. The interference term is composed of the two effects due to the optical homodyne and heterodyne detection processes. The small vibration signal of concern, which is included in the amplitude of a heterodyne beat component with no phase, is obtained with A.M. detection techniques. The interferometer allows measurements of any vibrational modes of a test mirror. For a sinusoidal vibration of 2 kHz, its amplitude is measured down to 1.2 A, whereas for a vibration of rectangular mode at 0.2 Hz its minimum displacement is 2.9 A. The small time-dependent refractive index of air caused by a process similar to the photoacoustic effect is detected as another application.
Green’s functions in thermal-wave physics: Cartesian coordinate representations (1995)

A self-consistent integral formulation of Green’s functions in thermal wave-physics is presented in one, two, and three dimensions and for infinite, semi-infinite, and spatially bounded geometries. Furthermore, several applications are explicitly worked out based on either Dirichlet or Neumann boundary conditions and resulting in well-known or novel integral expressions for propagating thermal-wave fields in thermally homogeneous media and in experimentally useful geometries. It is hoped that the Green’s functions methodologies will enhance their use by investigators who wish to take advantage of their elegance, mathematical simplicity, and computational power.
Controversies and Evolving Concepts in Critical Care (2016)

The current issue of Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine reviews a broad spectrum of controversies and evolving concepts in critical care medicine presented by leading experts in the field.
Semantic Flow for Fast and Accurate Scene Parsing (2020)

In this paper, we focus on designing effective method for fast and accurate scene parsing. A common practice to improve the performance is to attain high resolution feature maps with strong semantic representation. Two strategies are widely used -- atrous convolutions and feature pyramid fusion, are either computation intensive or ineffective. Inspired by the Optical Flow for motion alignment between adjacent video frames, we propose a Flow Alignment Module (FAM) to learn Semantic Flow between feature maps of adjacent levels, and broadcast high-level features to high resolution features effectively and efficiently. Furthermore, integrating our module to a common feature pyramid structure exhibits superior performance over other real-time methods even on light-weight backbone networks, such as ResNet-18. Extensive experiments are conducted on several challenging datasets, including Cityscapes, PASCAL Context, ADE20K and CamVid. Especially, our network is the first to achieve 80.4\% mIoU on Cityscapes with a frame rate of 26 FPS. The code is available at \url{https://github.com/lxtGH/SFSegNets}.