gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Susceptibility and initial immune response of Tupaia belangeri cells to dengue virus infection (2017)

Dengue is an emerging disease of great public health significance worldwide. The lack of a suitable infection model has hampered dengue virus (DENV) pathogenesis study, and developing a suitable small animal model has been a long-standing challenge. The aim of this study was to develop a feasible experimental model of DENV infection using Tupaia belangeri. The susceptibility of tupaia to DENV infection and characteristics of its innate immune response were examined in vitro. We found that tupaia fibroblast cells support replication of DENV serotypes 1-4 with a linear increase in viral load 24-96h post-infection in both cells and culture supernatants. DENV-2 resulted in the highest viral growth among all serotypes. To characterize the innate immune response in tupaia cells during the early phase of DENV infection, we first evaluated the evolutionary relationship between tupaia Toll-like receptors (TLR1-9) and those of other mammalian species. Phylogenetic analysis showed that tupaia TLRs are evolutionarily much closer to human than they are to rodent. We next established an innate immune response measurement system by assessing the mRNA expression of TLR1-9 and four cytokines in DENV-infected tupaia cells. All serotypes induced the upregulation of TLR8 mRNA expression in infected tupaia cells. Silencing of TLR8 led to an increase in viral replication, indicating the existence of antiviral response through TLR8 on DENV infection. Although upregulation of IFN-β and IL-6 expression was only observed in DENV-1 infected cells and a significant suppression of TNF-α was observed in DENV-2 infected cells alone, IL-8 was upregulated in all DENV-1-4. Thus, this study demonstrates for the first time the susceptibility of tupaia cells to DENV infections and the role of TLR8 in the anti-viral response of tupaia cells to DENV. These findings demonstrate the potential utility of tupaia as a model for DENV research in the future.
Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase. Identification of multiple forms of the enzyme by antibodies. (1988)

Two forms of Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase of 200 and 47 kDa have been purified from dialyzed urea extract of the bacteria to specific activities of 466 and 1685 mumol.min-1.mg-1, respectively. Both forms are activated 50-200-fold by calmodulin. The half-maximum concentration required for the activation of the 200-kDa catalyst is 5.4.10(-9) M, whereas the one required for activation of the 47-kDa catalyst is 1.8.10(-10) M. Polyclonal antibodies raised against the 47-kDa catalyst specifically recognize both forms of the enzyme in purified state as well as in bacterial extracts on immunoblots. The antibody inhibits at similar titer adenylate cyclase activity of the purified forms as well as the activity present in dialyzed urea extract of the bacteria. It also prevents the penetration of the invasive B. pertussis adenylate cyclase into human lymphocytes. The inhibition induced by the antisera is specific to B. pertussis enzyme, since both calmodulin-dependent brain and sperm adenylate cyclase are not affected by the antibody.
Static and Dynamic Neutronics Analysis of a Bimodal Gaseous Core Reactor System for Space Power (2005)

Gaseous core reactor (GCR) neutronics and energetics research efforts at the University of Florida (UF) have indicated that the gaseous core class of nuclear reactors have attractive features for space electric power and propulsion applications compared to conventional solid-fueled nuclear reactor systems. The high temperature of the working fluid of GCR's, which can be considerably higher than the surrounding structure, is advantageous to both power cycle efficiency and heat rejection in space. The gaseous nature of the fuel gives the added advantage of rapid startup capabilities and the simple core structure geometry helps minimize the thermal shock and thermal stress especially during rapid startup. One of the GCR concepts investigated at INSPI is a bimodal gaseous core reactor (BGCR) which consists of a large, central cylindrical high (burst) power gaseous core reactor (BPGCR) chamber surrounded by an annular ring of cylindrical, low power pulsed gaseous core reactor (PGCR) chambers embedded in Be or BeO moderator/reflector. Static and dynamic neutronic behavior of the BGCR power system has been examined for various core and moderator region dimensions and for various fuel loadings. Optimization of region dimensions and core loadings on, the basis of static and dynamic neutronic performance for the BGCR has been completed.
Two‐dimensional imaging in a lightweight portable MRI scanner without gradient coils (2014)

The presented MRI scanner demonstrates the potential for portability by simultaneously relaxing the magnet homogeneity criteria and eliminating the gradient coil. This new architecture and encoding scheme shows convincing proof of concept images that are expected to be further improved with refinement of the calibration and methodology.
Universal genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTb) in Singapore, 2011-2017 (2018)

<b>Background:</b> Singapore is an intermediate TB incidence country with a stagnant TB incidence rate of ~ 40/100,000 population since 2008. Its population is 5.61 million of which 40% are foreign-born long-stay residents. The local-born demographic is that of an ageing population. The population density is 7,796 / sq km. Universal MTb genotyping is performed at the Central TB Laboratory and we present the data herein. <b>Methods:</b> There were 12,047 MTb isolates for unique case-episodes of TB nation-wide from Jan 2011 to Dec 2017. Valid genotyping (Spoligotyping and 24 loci MIRU-VNTR) data were available for 8,768 isolates (72%). Analysis for clustering was done using software (Bionumerics 6.6 Applied Maths NV). A cluster was defined when 2 or more isolates had an identical spoligotype and MIRU-VNTR. <b>Results:</b> The majority were Beijing (46%) and EAI (24%) strains. Fifty-three percent (n= 4,679) were clustered into 872 clusters (size ranging from 2 to 210) implying a transmission rate of 43% of the cases within this period. Clustered cases were more likely to be male (OR1.21, p=0.007), persistent treatment defaulters (OR 1.42, p=0.03), local-born (OR 2.33, p&lt;0.001) or infected with the Beijing strain (OR 4.03, p&lt;0.001). <b>Conclusions:</b> We found a high rate of clustering, but a high proportion belonged to the Beijing strain. Whole genome sequencing will be useful to better discriminate and define the clusters.
Cine film replacement: Digital archival requirements and remaining obstacles (1998)

The acceptance of the Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine (DICOM) standard and the Compact Disk-Recordable (CD-R) as the interchange medium have been critical developments for laboratories that need to move forward on the cine replacement front, while at the same time retain a means to communicate with other centers. One remaining essential component which has not been satisfactorily addressed is the issue of how digital image data should be archived within an institution. Every laboratory must consider the diverse issues which affect the choice of a digital archiving system. These factors include technical and economic issues, along with the clinical routines prevailing in their laboratory. A complete understanding of the issues will lead to the formulation of multiple options which may prove acceptable and will help to overcome the last obstacle which remains for the complete replacement of cine film in the cardiac catheterization laboratory. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Diagn. 44:346–356, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Optimized H. 264-Based Bitstream Switching for Wireless Video Streaming (2005)

In this work we show the suitability of H. 264/AVC extended profile for wireless video streaming applications. In particular, we exploit the advanced bitstream switching capabilities of H. 264/AVC using SP/SI pictures. Optimized encoders for switching pictures are proposed. Finally, a framework for dynamic switching and frame scheduling is proposed and the performance is shown for H. 264/AVC video streaming over EGPRS.
HLA gene amplification and hybridization analysis of polymorphism. HLA matching for bone marrow transplantation of a patient with HLA-deficient severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome. (1989)

The treatment of choice for certain immunodeficiency syndromes and hematological disorders is bone marrow transplantation (BMT). The success of BMT is influenced by the degree of HLA compatibility between recipient and donor. However, aberrant expression of HLA sometimes makes it difficult, if not impossible, to determine the patient's HLA type by standard serological and cellular techniques. We describe here the application of new molecular biological techniques to perform high resolution HLA typing independent of HLA expression. A patient with HLA-deficient severe combined deficiency was HLA typed using in vitro amplification of the HLA genes and sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe hybridization (SSOPH). Two major advances provided by this technology are:detection of HLA polymorphism at the level of single amino acid differences; and elimination of a requirement for HLA expression. Although the patient's lymphocytes lacked class II HLA proteins, polymorphism associated with DR7,w53;DQw2;DRw11a (a split of DR5), w52b (a split of DRw52);DQw7 were identified. The patient's class I expression was partially defective, and typing was accomplished by a combination of serological (HLA-A and -C) and SSOPH analysis (HLA-B). Complete patient haplotypes were predicted after typing of family members [A2;B35(w6); Cw4; DRw11a(w52b);DQw7 and A2;B13(w4); Cw6;DR7(w53); DQw2]. Potential unrelated donors were typed and a donor was selected for BMT.
Infrared Pre-Drying and Dry-Dehulling of Walnuts for Improved Processing Efficiency And Product Quality (2013)

<abstract><title><italic>Abstract.</italic></title> <bold> </bold>The walnut industry is faced with an urgent need to improve post-harvest processing efficiency, particularly drying and dehulling operations. This research investigated the feasibility of dry-dehulling and infrared (IR) pre-drying of walnuts for improved processing efficiency and dried product quality. Freshly harvested walnuts (ethephon and non-ethephon treated) with whole and partly-attached hulls were dehulled using a test device to determine dry-dehulling time and frequency. The physical dimensions of walnuts without, with partly-attached, and with whole hulls were determined. In-shell walnuts of high (43%, w.b.) and low (18%, w.b.) moisture were pre-dried with IR for 2, 3, and 4 min followed by hot air (HA) drying at 43Â°C for up to 24 h and effects on drying rate and product quality were studied. Based on results, walnuts with whole and partly-attached hulls could be dry-dehulled to achieve over 90% dehulled nut in 45 and 15 s, respectively. Ethephon treatment had no significant influence on dry-dehulling of walnuts with partly-attached hulls. Contrarily, Ethephon-treated walnuts with whole hulls had dehulled nut percentage higher than untreated ones. Walnuts without, with partly-attached, and with whole hulls could be separated based on axial dimensions. IR pre-drying improved walnut drying rate. Up to 7% moisture reduction for high moisture nuts was achievable in 240 s of IR pre-drying with nut center temperature relatively below 43Â°C in the first 150 s. IR pre-drying for 180 s followed by HA drying had no effect on the quality of processed products compared with HA. The studied approaches have potential to improve processing efficiency and quality of dried walnuts.
ChemInform Abstract: Physical Organic Chemistry on the Brain (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Dynamic Electromagnetic Exposure Allocation for Rayleigh Fading MIMO Channels (2019)

Future wearable and portable devices with multiple transmit antennas operating below 6 GHz are constrained by regulatory limitations on the level of electromagnetic radiation a user can be exposed to, measured using the specific absorption rate (SAR). Signaling designs that are optimized to include SAR constraints can improve the performance of uplink transmission. These signaling schemes could include closed-loop beamforming, closed-loop precoding, and space-time coding, which have all been shown to achieve increased rates when optimized as a function of SAR. Previous research addressed SAR constrained optimization only within a single coherence time block. In this paper, we present transmit policies that dynamically allocate user electromagnetic radiation exposure over time. We propose three exposure allocation methods - optimal, uniform, and asymptotic - in the practical case with causal channel state information (CSI), and an on-off transmission approach for the low SAR-to-noise ratio regime. Our results demonstrate that the performance of SAR-aware transmission can be further improved by exploiting frequency and time diversity.
Integrating enzyme evolution and high-throughput screening for efficient biosynthesis of l-DOPA (2019)

L-DOPA is a key pharmaceutical agent for treating Parkinson's, and market demand has exploded due to the aging population. There are several challenges associated with the chemical synthesis of L-DOPA, including complicated operation, harsh conditions, and serious pollution. A biocatalysis route for L-DOPA production is promising, especially via a route catalyzed by tyrosine phenol lyase (TPL). In this study, using TPL derived from Erwinia herbicola (Eh-TPL), a mutant Eh-TPL was obtained by integrating enzyme evolution and high-throughput screening methods. L-DOPA production using recombinant Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells harbouring mutant Eh-TPL was enhanced by 36.5% in shake flasks, and the temperature range and alkali resistance of the Eh-TPL mutant were promoted. Sequence analysis revealed two mutated amino acids in the mutant (S20C and N161S), which reduced the length of a hydrogen bond and generated new hydrogen bonds. Using a fed-batch mode for whole-cell catalysis in a 5 L bioreactor, the titre of L-DOPA reached 69.1 g L<sup>-1</sup> with high productivity of 11.52 g L<sup>-1</sup> h<sup>-1</sup>, demonstrating the great potential of Eh-TPL variants for industrial production of L-DOPA.
Viiflow—A New Inverse Viscous-Inviscid Interaction Method (2019)

Viscous–inviscid interaction is the fastest method in computational fluid dynamics available for airfoil design and analysis that is able to capture viscous effects on the flow. Despite advances in (Reynolds-averaged) Navier–Stokes equations solvers and models, it is arguably the first choice for preliminary and even detailed design. A new method of coupling the boundary-layer equations to the inviscid flow is presented. The boundary-layer equations are solved with given displacement thickness, and a Newton method couples the viscous and inviscid regimes. This leads to a significant decrease in computational effort as compared to a joint solution of the boundary-layer equations with the coupling problem. The software Viiflow uses this mechanism, and examples that couple the integral boundary-layer equations with a panel method are presented: assessing accuracy using wind-tunnel measurements, using the software for a fluid–structure interaction problem, and a runtime performance comparison demonstrating a significant improvement as compared to the popular viscous–inviscid interaction airfoil analysis software XFOIL for higher numbers of panels.
Selective and Efficient Syntheses of Perhydro-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triones and Carbodiimides from Isocyanates Using ZP(MeNCH2CH2)3N Catalysts (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelective and Efficient Syntheses of Perhydro-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triones and Carbodiimides from Isocyanates Using ZP(MeNCH2CH2)3N CatalystsJiansheng Tang, Thyagarajan Mohan, and John G. VerkadeCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 17, 4931–4938Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00096a041https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00096a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1618Altmetric-Citations94LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Detecting Immune Response to Therapies Targeting PDL1 and BRAF by Using Ferumoxytol MRI and Macrin in Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer (2020)

Background Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is aggressive with a poor prognosis, partly because of the immunosuppressive microenvironment created by tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Purpose To understand the relationship between TAM infiltration, tumor vascularization, and corresponding drug delivery by using ferumoxytol-enhanced MRI and macrin in an ATC mouse model. Materials and Methods ATC tumors were generated in 6-8-week-old female B6129SF1/J mice through intrathyroid injection to model orthotopic tumors, or intravenously to model hematogenous metastasis, and prospectively enrolled randomly into treatment cohorts (<i>n</i> = 94 total; August 1, 2018, to January 15, 2020). Mice were treated with vehicle or combined serine/threonine-protein kinase B-Raf (BRAF) kinase inhibitor (BRAFi) and anti-PDL1 antibody (aPDL1). A subset was cotreated with therapies, including an approximately 70-nm model drug delivery nanoparticle (DDNP) to target TAM, and an antibody-neutralizing colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R). Imaging was performed at the macroscopic level with ferumoxytol-MRI and microscopically with macrin. Genetically engineered <i>Braf</i><sup><i>V600E/WT</i></sup> <i>p53</i>-null allografts were used and complemented by a GFP-transgenic derivative and human xenografts. Tumor-bearing organs were processed by using tissue clearing and imaged with confocal microscopy and MRI. Two-tailed Wilcoxon tests were used for comparison (≥five per group). Results TAM levels were higher in orthotopic thyroid tumors compared with pulmonary metastatic lesions by 79% ± 23 (standard deviation; <i>P</i> < .001). These findings were concordant with ferumoxytol MRI, which showed 136% ± 88 higher uptake in thyroid lesions (<i>P</i> = .02) compared with lung lesions. BRAFi and aPDL1 combination therapy resulted in higher tumor DDNP delivery by 39% ± 14 in pulmonary lesions (<i>P</i> = .004). Compared with the untreated group, tumors following BRAFi, aPDL1, and CSF1R-blocking antibody combination therapy did not show greater levels of TAM or DDNP (<i>P</i> = .82). Conclusion In a mouse model of anaplastic thyroid cancer, ferumoxytol MRI showed 136% ± 88 greater uptake in orthotopic thyroid tumors compared with pulmonary lesions, which reflected high vascularization and greater tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) levels. Serine/threonine-protein kinase B-Raf inhibitor and anti-programmed death ligand 1 antibody elicited higher local TAM levels and 43% ± 20 greater therapeutic nanoparticle delivery but not higher vascularization in pulmonary tumors. © RSNA, 2020 <i>Online supplemental material is available for this article.</i> See also the editorial by Luker in this issue.
Metacognition and the Quality of Learning (1994)

(1994). Metacognition and the Quality of Learning. Studies in Science Education: Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 21-37.
The Anti-CD20 Monoclonal Antibody GA101 Displays More Robust Anti-Tumor Activity Versus Rituximab In Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia (WM) (2010)

Abstract Abstract 4904 Background: Rituximab is an IgG class CD20-directed monoclonal antibody used in the treatment of B-cell malignancies, including WM. We and others have previously demonstrated dependence for IgG class therapeutic antibodies on polymorphisms at FcγRIIIA-158. Approximately half of WM patients express V/V or V/F, and the remainder half express F/F at this polymorphic locus. Patients with WM expressing FcγRIIIA-158 V/V or V/F show improved rituximab single agent activity, as well as attainment of deeper responses (VGPR or CR) with combination Rituximab therapy. GA101 is a novel humanized anti-CD20 antibody with a glyco-engineered Fc domain that exhibits increased Fcg receptor binding and ADCC activity. Methods: In this study, we examined the in vitro activity of GA101 and Rituximab against WM cells, and also examined the activity of these antibodies in context of FcγRIIIA-158 polymorphisms. ADCC activity for GA101 and Rituximab was assessed using genotyped healthy donor derived NK cells against BCWM.1 WM cells, as well autologous NK cells against the patient's own lymphoplasmacytic cells. In vitro B-cell depletion and direct cell death induction assays were also performed. Results: We observed significantly greater ADCC activity against WM cells for GA101 versus Rituximab in both healthy donor, as well as autologous NK cell assays. GA101 mediated ADCC activity was particularly more robust versus Rituximab in patients expressing FcγRIIIA-158 F/F versus V/V or V/F (Figure 1). In addition, GA101 induced significant direct cell death against WM lymphoplasmacytic cells, as well as in vitro B-cell depletion assays in comparison to Rituximab, which exhibited little direct cell death induction activity. Nuclear translocation of apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) was observed following GA101 by immunofluorescence microscopy. Conclusions: GA101 is associated with enhanced ADCC activity relative to Rituximab by NK cells, particularly for those subjects expressing FcγRIIIA-158 F/F. In addition, GA101 demonstrated direct cell death in WM lymphoplasmacytic cells through an AIF mediated caspase-independent pathway. These studies provide the framework for the investigation of GA101 in WM, and suggest particular benefit for those patients who express FcγRIIIA-158 F/F. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.