gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Practice effects in cognitive assessments three years later in non-carriers but not in symptom-free mutation carriers of autosomal-dominant Alzheimer's disease: Exemplifying procedural learning and memory? (2022)

Practice effects (PEs) defined as an improvement of performance in cognition due to repeated assessments between sessions are well known in unimpaired individuals, while less is known about impaired cognition and particularly in latent brain disease as autosomal-dominant Alzheimer's disease. The purpose was to evaluate the general (across tests/domains) and domain-specific PE calculated as the annual rate of change (ARC) in relation to years to the estimated disease onset (YECO) and in four groups of AD: asymptomatic mutation carriers (aAD, <i>n</i> = 19), prodromal, i.e., symptomatic mutation carriers, criteria for AD diagnosis not fulfilled (pAD, <i>n</i> = 4) and mutation carriers diagnosed with AD (dAD, <i>n</i> = 6) as well as mutation non-carriers from the AD families serving as a healthy comparison group (HC, <i>n</i> = 35). Cognition was assessed at baseline and follow-up about 3 years later by 12 tests covering six domains. The aAD and HC groups were comparable at baseline in demographic characteristics (age, gender, and education), when they were in their early forties, while the pAD and dAD groups were older and cognitively impaired. The results on mean ARC for the four groups were significantly different, small, positive, and age-insensitive in the HC group, while ARC was negative and declined with time/disease advancement in AD. The differences between HC and aAD groups in mean ARC and domain-specific ARC were not significant, indicating a subtle PE in aAD in the early preclinical stage of AD. In the symptomatic stages of AD, there was no PE probably due to cognitive disease-related progression. PEs were the largest in the verbal domain in both the HC and aAD groups, indicating a relationship with cognitive vulnerability. The group-related difference in mean ARC was predominant in timekeeping tests. To conclude, the practice effect in over 3 years was suggested to be linked to procedural learning and memory.
Combined linkage maps and QTLs in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) from different populations (1999)

Abstract The construction of genetic maps is an expensive and time‐consuming process. The breeder is therefore interested in using maps developed from other mapping populations but this is only possible if the genetic structure is similar for the chromosomal regions of interest. In this paper, maps of three populations of sugar beet ( Beta vulgaris L.) with common polymorphic marker loci are compared. Maps were constructed with MAPMAKER 3.0 and JOINMAP 2.0. Both mapping programs gave, in general, the same order for common markers. However, the number of common markers was too low to construct a combined map for all chromosomes. For one population, in contrast to the other two, the map constructed with MAPMAKER 3.0 was much longer than that constructed with JOINMAP 2.0. For two of these populations yield traits were also available from different environments. For quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis of the yield data, the packages MAPMAKER/QTL 1.1 and PLABQTL were used. No QTL common for the two populations could be detected. The program and the version used strongly influenced the estimated positions of QTLs. There was also a strong interaction with environments.
Development and test of TAB bonded silicon PAD detectors and micro-cables for the construction of silicon probes for imaging (2009)

Detection and spectroscopy tests of the first functional unit of a self-dependent silicon detection module constructed on the base of micro-cable and TAB technology are presented. The tests were performed using pulse-height analysis of the signals induced by gamma rays in the silicon sensor. Good shapes of the spectra and satisfactory spectroscopy resolution (given by FWHM which is less than 2 keV) correspond with results on wire bonded modules. This fact demonstrates that the micro-cable technology does not degrade performance of the detection modules and the TAB is a prospective technology for construction of small stack of self-triggered spectroscopy system suitable for medical applications where very dense packaging of sensors and front-end electronics into small volumes is necessary.
Study on synthesis and properties of 1,3-didecyl glyceryl ether ethoxylates (2013)

A series of double chain nonionic surfactants,1,3-didecyl glyceryl ether ethoxylates(diC10GE-EOn) were synthesized by reaction of decanol with epichlorohydrin followed by reaction with ethylene oxide.The molecular structure of the intermediate,1,3-didecyl glyceryl ether(diC10GE),was characterized by IR,1HMNR and LC-MS spectra.The diC10GE-EOn(n =6.5~12.5) prepared display excellent surface activities as indicated by their low cmc,between 7.50×10-7 and 1.24×10-6 mol·L-1,as well as high saturated adsorption,Γ∞1.0×10-9 mol·cm-2,and small molecular cross section area,a∞0.16 nm2 at air/water interface.With good lipophilicity,the diC10GE-EO6.5,blended with amphoteric surfactant of carboxyl betaine kind with mole fraction of the diC10GE-EO6.5 of 0.4 in the blended surfactants and dosage of total surfactant at 0.05%-0.50% mass fraction,can reduce equilibrium interfacial tension between crude oil and connate water at Daqing Oilfield Plant No.4 to an order of magnitude of 10-3 mN·m-1 without addition of any alkali or neutral electrolyte or any co-surfactant.
A myeloproliferative disorder with eosinophilia associated with a unique translocation (3;5) (1996)

An association between eosinophilia and a structural chromosome abnormality has been noted in patients with acute non-lymphoblastic leukaemia (ANLL) and a deletion of the long arm of chromosome 16. There have been a number of other associations of specific chromosome abnormalities with neoplastic diseases involving the eosinophilic lineage; these include chromosome 12 short arm rearrangements, trisomy 8, t(8;21), t(5;14) and t(5;12). We report a patient with a myeloproliferative disorder characterized by chronic eosinophilic leukaemia complicated by autoimmune haemolytic anaemia and a previously unreported translocation (3;5)(p13;q13), and discuss the possible contribution of the RASA gene, localized to 5q13.3, to the development of the malignant phenotype.
Design recovery for software testing of object-oriented programs (2002)

A reverse engineering approach for software testing of object-oriented programs is described. The approach is based on a graphic model which consists of three types of diagrams: object relation diagrams; block branch diagrams; and object state diagrams. These diagrams may be used to provide guidance on the order to test the classes and member functions; prepare member function test cases; prepare test cases for object state dependent behaviors and interaction between such behaviors; and provide graphic display of coverage information to a tester.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Real-time imaging of granular dynamics (2019)

The dynamics of granular materials governnatural phenomena ranging from earthquakes, to avalanches tolandslidesand arecriticalfor a variety of industrial applications. Our fundamental physical understanding of granular dynamics, however, is still incomplete. One major challenge towards a better understanding of granular dynamics is the difficulty to obtain spatiallyand temporallyresolved measurements of particle dynamics from the interior of 3D granular systems. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) isable to measure a variety of relevant system properties, however,one of the largest limitation so far has been the rather low temporal resolution. Here we report our recent developments, anMRI methodology that increases the temporal resolution of phase contrast velocity encoded imaging of granular dynamics by more than four orders of magnitude, effectively advancing MRI of granular dynamics from temporally averaged to real-time imaging[1]. The advances are enabled by an interplay of engineered MR signal sources, time-efficient single shot readouts and radiofrequency (RF) hardware developments and provide insight into hitherto unknown facets of dynamic granular behavior (Fig.1).We are confident that the methodologywill be useful for studying a variety of dynamic granular systems in the fields of process engineering, granular physics and geophysics.
Chemical Decomposition of 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine (Decitabine): Kinetic Analyses and Identification of Products by NMR, HPLC, and Mass Spectrometry (2009)

The nucleoside analogue 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (Decitabine, DAC) is one of several drugs in clinical use that inhibit DNA methyltransferases, leading to a decrease of 5-methylcytosine in newly replicated DNA and subsequent transcriptional activation of genes silenced by cytosine methylation. In addition to methyltransferase inhibition, DAC has demonstrated toxicity and potential mutagenicity, and can induce a DNA-repair response. The mechanisms accounting for these events are not well understood. DAC is chemically unstable in aqueous solutions, but there is little consensus between previous reports as to its half-life and corresponding products of decomposition at physiological temperature and pH, potentially confounding studies on its mechanism of action and long-term use in humans. Here, we have employed a battery of analytical methods to estimate kinetic rates and to characterize DAC decomposition products under conditions of physiological temperature and pH. Our results indicate that DAC decomposes into a plethora of products, formed by hydrolytic opening and deformylation of the triazine ring, in addition to anomerization and possibly other changes in the sugar ring structure. We also discuss the advantages and problems associated with each analytical method used. The results reported here will facilitate ongoing studies and clinical trials aimed at understanding the mechanisms of action, toxicity, and possible mutagenicity of DAC and related analogues.
One-pot, additive-free preparation of functionalized polyurethanes via amine–thiol–ene conjugation (2013)

A straightforward, isocyanate-free method for the synthesis of functionalized polyurethanes, based on amine–thiol–ene conjugation, was elaborated. Aminolysis of a readily available AB′-urethane monomer, containing both an acrylate (A) and a thiolactone unit (B′), facilitates the preparation of various reactive thiol–acrylates. In situ polymerization via Michael addition proceeds under ambient conditions, yielding polyurethanes with a large variety of chemical functionalities. Side-chain functionality originates from the modular use of different amines, allowing for the introduction of pendent functional groups (e.g. double bond, triple bond, furfuryl, tertiary amine, morpholine) along the polyurethane backbone. Extensive model studies revealed the kinetic profile of this reaction sequence and excluded the occurrence of competing reactions, such as aza-Michael addition and disulfide formation. This mild one-pot reaction requires no additives or external trigger and the obtained polyurethanes remain soluble throughout the process, enabling post-polymerization modification in the same reaction medium.
TCR β-CHAIN REPERTOIRE USE IN RESPONSE TO CARDIAC ALLOGRAFTS DISPARATE FOR ONE CLASS I MHC MOLECULE (1999)

136 We previously reported limited use of TCR repertoire in immune responses to grafts disparate for minor and major histocompatibility antigens. Herein, we studied the TCR β-chain repertoire use in response to cardiac allografts (PVG.R8-to-PVG.1U) disparate for an isolated class I MHC, RT1.Aa, molecule to test if a restricted repertoire is dominant in this model. The β-chain repertoire was studied in fresh graft-infiltrating lymphocytes (GILs) (n=3), GILs cultured overnight in the presence of IL-2 (n=3) or alloreactive T cell lines (n=2). GILs were harvested by collagenase/DNase treatment of the grafted hearts 3 days PTx. These cells were then either used immediately for total RNA preparation, cultured overnight in the presence of IL-2, or cocultured with irradiated donor splenocytes to establish alloreactive T cell lines. Total RNA was isolated from cells and used for the analysis of TCR β-chain expression. A semiquantitative RT-PCR method was used in conjunction with spectratyping to assess the repertoires of Vβ and CDR3β domains, respectively. The TCR β-chain repertoire was dominated by expression of limited Vβ genes in GILs as shown in the Table. For example, 4-7 selected Vβ genes out of 20 Vβ families were responsible for more than 80% expression in these cells. More importantly, two alloreactive CD4+ T cell lines that recognize the RT1.Aa molecule indirectly also expressed a limited Vβ repertoire dominated by the same genes expressed in GILs. The cell lines expressed more restricted Vβ repertoire, plausibly dictated by the indirect recognition. All cell types expressed a restricted CDR3 repertoire consisting of 1-4 CDR3/Vβ as compared with 4-9 CDR3/Vβ for naïve T cells. These results provide evidence for a limited use of Vβ and CDR3 repertoires in response to allografts involving a limited antigenic disparity. Manipulation of T cells expressing a limited TCR repertoire may allow for prevention of allograft rejection.Table: TCR repertoire expression (% total Vβ) This study was supported in part by NIH (AI 33587) and AHA (9650229N).
Efficient Photoinduced Charge Accumulation in Reduced Graphene Oxide Coupled with Titania Nanosheets To Show Highly Enhanced and Persistent Conductance (2015)

Tuning of the electrical properties of graphene via photoexcitation of a heteroassembled material has started to attract attention for electronic and optoelectronic applications. Actually photoinduced carrier doping from the hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) substrate greatly modulated the transport property of the top layer graphene, showing promising potential for this approach. However, for practical applications, the large scale production of this two-dimensional heterostructure is needed. Here, a superlattice film constructed from reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and photoactive titania nanosheets (Ti0.87O2(0.52-)) was employed as a channel to construct a field effect transistor (FET) device, and its UV light response on the electrical transport property was examined. The UV light illumination induced significant improvement of the electrical conductance by ∼7 times on the basis of simultaneous enhancements of the electron carrier concentration and its mobility in rGO. Furthermore, the polarity of the FET response changed from ambipolar to n-type unipolar. Such modulated properties persisted in vacuum even after the UV light was turned off. These interesting behaviors may be explained in terms of photomodulation effects from Ti0.87O2(0.52-) nanosheets. The photoexcited electrons in Ti0.87O2(0.52-) are injected into rGO to increase the electron carrier concentration as high as 7.6×10(13) cm(-2). On the other hand, the holes are likely trapped in the Ti0.87O2(0.52-) nanosheets. These photocarriers undergo reduction and oxidation of oxygen and water molecules adsorbed in the film, respectively, which act as carrier scattering centers, contributing to the enhancement of the carrier mobility. Since the film likely contains more water molecules than oxygen, upon extinction of UV light, a major portion of electrons (∼80% of the concentration at the UV off) survives in rGO, showing the highly enhanced conductance for days. This surpassing photomodulated FET response and its persistency observed in the present superlattice system of rGO/Ti0.87O2(0.52-) are noteworthy compared with previous studies such as the device with a heteroassembly of graphene/h-BN.
Enhancement and suppression of the formation of porous silicon (1995)

We present the results of an investigation of various means to enhance or suppress the formation of porous silicon. The first method involves a lithographic process using silicon nitride to produce sub-0.5 μm light emitting porous silicon (LEPSi) lines adjacent to fully protected silicon regions. The second method consists of amorphizing regions of the wafer prior to anodization with high energy/high dose ion implantation, followed by anodization and annealing. In this method, LEPSi is produced in the unimplanted regions only. Using focused ion-beam implantation ∼100 nm patterns have been obtained. The third method utilizes low energy/low dose bombardment (ion milling/reactive ion etching) with argon ions prior to anodization. Under appropriate bombardment conditions, we have observed a strong enhancement of the formation rate of LEPSi, possibly due to the generation of a large number of defects on the wafer surface. Our results demonstrate that porous silicon light emitting diodes (LEDS) and silicon electronic devices can coexist in close proximity (within 1 μm or less) on the same chip.
Establishment and characterization of adenoviral E1A immortalized cell lines derived from the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus (1999)

Primary cultured cells from the presumptive anlage of the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) were immortalized by infection with a retroviral vector encoding the adenovirus 12S E1A gene. After drug selection, the resulting neural cell lines (SCN1.4 and SCN2.2) displayed (a) extended growth potential without evidence of transformed or tumorigenic properties, (b) expression of E1A protein within all cell nuclei, and (c) heterogeneous cell types in various stages of differentiation. A large proportion of the SCN1.4 and SCN2.2 cells were characterized by gliallike morphologies, but showed limited expression of corresponding cell type-specific antigens. In addition, both lines exhibited a stable population of cells with neuronlike characteristics. When treated so as to enhance differentiation, these cells were often distinguished by fine, long processes and immunocytochemical expression of neuronal markers and peptides found within SCN neurons in situ. Observations on SCN neuropeptide immunostaining, content, release, and mRNA expression followed a concordant pattern in which somatostatin and vasopressin cells were the most and least common peptidergic phenotypes in both lines, respectively. Since these results indicate that constituents of E1A-immortalized lines derived from the primordial SCN can differentiate into cells with phenotypes resembling parental peptidergic neurons, it will be critical to explore next whether these lines also retain the distinctive function of the SCN to generate circadian rhythms. Cloning of immortalized cell types could subsequently yield useful tools for studying the development of SCN glial and peptidergic cell types and delineating their distinct roles in mammalian circadian time-keeping.
3D image formation by the second-harmonic generated hologram (2001)

3-D holographic images of extended diffusing objects are simultaneously recorded and reconstructed by optical cross- correlation in a second-order non-linear crystal. An interaction geometry in which the phase-matched object and reference fields propagate slightly non-colinearly is particularly convenient to obtain these Second Harmonic Generated (SHG) holograms.
Some Properties of Membership Functions Composed of Triangle Functions and Piecewise Linear Functions (2021)

Summary . IF-THEN rules in fuzzy inference is composed of multiple fuzzy sets (membership functions). IF-THEN rules can therefore be considered as a pair of membership functions [7]. The evaluation function of fuzzy control is composite function with fuzzy approximate reasoning and is functional on the set of membership functions. We obtained continuity of the evaluation function and compactness of the set of membership functions [12]. Therefore, we proved the existence of pair of membership functions, which maximizes (minimizes) evaluation function and is considered IF-THEN rules, in the set of membership functions by using extreme value theorem. The set of membership functions (fuzzy sets) is defined in this article to verifier our proofs before by Mizar [9], [10], [4]. Membership functions composed of triangle function, piecewise linear function and Gaussian function used in practice are formalized using existing functions. On the other hand, not only curve membership functions mentioned above but also membership functions composed of straight lines (piecewise linear function) like triangular and trapezoidal functions are formalized. Moreover, different from the definition in [3] formalizations of triangular and trapezoidal function composed of two straight lines, minimum function and maximum functions are proposed. We prove, using the Mizar [2], [1] formalism, some properties of membership functions such as continuity and periodicity [13], [8].
Antibody reactivity to different regions of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 gp61 in infected people (1989)

The primary protein product of the human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) env gene, gp61, is cleaved to produce both the exterior (gp46) and the transmembrane (gp21) portions of the HTLV-1 envelope protein. To compare the reactivity with human antibodies of different regions of this gp61 protein, five plasmids (A, B, B1, C, and D) were constructed to express recombinant proteins (RPs) in Escherichia coli. RP-A, RP-B, RP-B1, and RP-C contain amino acid residues 26 to 165, 166 to 229, 166 to 201, and 229 to 308, respectively, of the exterior envelope protein gp46. Serum samples from HTLV-1-seropositive subjects were assayed for reactivity with these RPs by Western immunoblotting. The percentages of positive reactivity with each of the RPs were as follows: 18.9% (23 of 122) for RP-A, 89.6% (112 of 125) for RP-B, 70.2% (85 of 121) for RP-B1, and 92.9% (117 of 126) for RP-C. These results indicate that the C-terminal half of gp46 (RP-B plus RP-C) can detect 97.6% (123 of 126) of positive samples, while the N-terminal half of gp46 (RP-A) can only detect 18.9% of the HTLV-1-positive sera (P less than 0.005). Furthermore, RP-A, -B, and -C, which together span the entire length of gp46 except the first five amino acids at the N terminus and the last four amino acids at the C- terminus, detected 99.2% (125 of 126) of the HTLV-1-positive subjects. In contrast, RP-D, which contains the HTLV-1 transmembrane envelope protein gp21 minus the first amino acid at the N terminus, had a lower rate of antibody reactivity at 73.7% (84 of 114) (P less than 0.005). The difference in seropositive rates for RP-D between HTLV-1 carriers (55.6%) and adult T-cell leukemia patients (85.5%) is statistically significant (P less than 0.01). This study therefore indicates that the C-terminal half of gp46, especially the amino acid sequence from 200 to 308, contains the most reactive epitopes of the HTLV-1 gp61 envelope glycoprotein.
Germination response of Bacillus subtilis PCI219 Spores to Caramelized Sugar and l ‐Asparagine (1991)

ABSTRACT In presence of L‐asparagine, effective substances in caramelized sugar were primarily glucose and fructose; isomerization of glucose/fructose was observed after autoclaving (120°C, 20 min, pH 7.2). Glucose and fructose were 63 to 24 in caramelized glucose and 12 to 44 in caramelized fructose. Apparent dissociation constants were: glucose 2.2 × 10 −4 , fructose 1.3 × 10 −4 , L‐asparagine 2.2 × 10 −4 . Hydroxymethylfurfural and maltol were not effective. Aging and heat activation of spores contributed to germination, especially for response to L‐asparagine and/or fructose, but not glucose. The initiation mechanism was distinguishable from the L‐alanine system in requirement for aging, heat activation of spores and response to inhibitor. L‐AS‐paragine could be partially replaced by NH 4 + , but not by L‐glutamine.