gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparable Worth: Is It a Moot Issue? Part III Controversy, Implications, and Measurement (1995)

In part one of this series (Moore and Abraham, 1992), the authors explore the topic of comparable worth from a historical perspective. In part two (Moore and Abraham, 1993), the authors discuss legislation and subsequent litigation that resulted from laws governing sex discrimination and compensation. This final article in this series addresses three major areas of controversy on the comparable worth issue including explanations for the gender earnings gap, the economic implications of comparable worth, and measuring job value. Together these articles should provide a comprehensive picture of the comparable worth issue in response to the question raised in the title, Comparable Worth: Is it a moot issue?
International study of expert judgment on therapeutic use of benzodiazepines and other psychotherapeutic medications: I. Current concerns (1993)

Abstract Although clinical experience influences psychotropic drug treatment world‐wide, it has been underutilized because it has not been systematically gathered and widely disseminated. An international survey was conducted to help remedy this situation. One of the major objectives was to develop a representative body of expert judgment and opinion on the clinical use of benzodiazepines in relation to other psychotherapeutic medications that might be used for the same purposes. A select international panel of psychiatric experts on the pharmacotherapy of the anxiety and depressive disorders ( N = 73) was constituted on the basis of progressive peer nominations. The peer selection process began with primary nominators from 44 countries. Judgments and opinions about psychotherapeutic medications were elicited from the Expert Panel via a self‐administered questionnaire. Completion rate: 90 per cent (66/73). Outcomes bear directly on current therapeutic and regulatory concerns. Topics addressed include: special indications for use, abuse liability, dependence potential, duration of treatment, high‐risk treatments, and adverse effects. Although sometimes divided, agreement was generally high and indicative of a good benefit to risk ratio for the benzodiazepines. Expert judgments were more positive than would have been anticipated from media reports, public concern, and recent regulatory postures. The following inferences can be drawn from this body of expert judgment and opinion: (1) qualitative differences in abuse liability among the benzodiazepines are minimal; (2) physical dependence at therapeutic doses is not a major clinical problem; (3) when physical dependence occurs, it can be readily managed clinically by the treating physician; (4) the relative abuse liability of the benzodiazepines as a class is low. These expert evaluations do not support or justify the imposition of stronger or differential restrictions on the benzodiazepines. The data help define the reasonable limits within which clinical guidelines and regulatory mandates can be meaningfully promulgated.
Fast and flexible persistence: the magic potion for fault-tolerance,scalability and performance in online data stores (2004)

Summary form only given. We examine the architecture of computer systems designed to update, integrate and serve enterprise information. Our analysis of their scale, performance, availability and data integrity draws attention to the so-called 'storage gap'. We propose 'persistent memory' as the technology to bridge that gap. Its impact is demonstrated using practical business information processing scenarios. We conclude with a discussion of our prototype, the results achieved, and the challenges that lie ahead.
Noninvasive hemodynamic assessment, treatment outcome prediction and follow‐up of aortic coarctation from MR imaging (2015)

The complete workflow is realized in a fast, mostly-automated system that is integrable in the clinical setting. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that three different settings (preoperative--severity assessment, poststenting--follow-up, and virtual stenting--treatment outcome prediction) of CoA are investigated on multiple subjects. We believe that in future-given wider clinical validation-our noninvasive in-silico method could replace invasive pressure catheterization for CoA.
Formalin treatment of radiation-induced hemorrhagic proctitis. (1986)

A 71-year-old man developed severe hemorrhagic proctitis 1 year after pelvic irradiation for carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Conservative treatment as well as performance of a colostomy failed to control the rectal bleeding. After irrigation of the rectum with a formalin solution the bleeding stopped, and no recurrence has been observed for the next 14 months.
OLEDs for Lighting: New Approaches (2006)

In the last two decades, progress has made in the development of organic electroluminescent materials. These fundamental developments in both the physics of charge transport and the chemistry of luminescent materials have led to the successful demonstration of highly efficient organic light emitting devices (OLEDs) and the commercialization of products that incorporate OLED technology. Most of this progress has been fueled both by a basic knowledge of electronic processes in organic materials and an applied interest in developing flat panel displays. If this knowledge can be directed to the continued improvement of OLED technology, the field has the potential to impact general lighting applications. In particular, a large area white-light emitting OLED could potentially provide a solid state diffuse light source that could compete with conventional lighting technologies in performance and cost. If OLED technology can be successfully transitioned to lighting applications the possible impact is enormous, and could result in substantial reductions in global energy use and carbon emissions.
Interactions between cellular regulatory proteins and a unique sequence region in the human cytomegalovirus major immediate-early promoter (1990)

Transcription from the human cytomegalovirus major immediate-early promoter is dependent on host-cell regulatory proteins. The interactions between cellular nuclear proteins and a unique sequence located from nucleotide position -660 to -540 was investigated. The unique region presents a defined target for multiple distinct DNA-binding proteins which appear, in part, to have overlapping binding sites. A minimum of five sequence-specific DNA-binding activities that interact with sequences between -632 and -602, -602 and -557, -602 and -590, -563 and -540, and -602 and -582 were detected. Evidence is presented to suggest that the -632 to -602 site, a previously characterized nuclear factor 1 binding site, does not bind NF1 but strongly interacts with a distinct cellular factor. The binding of cellular proteins to the unique sequence region was shown to be important in directing transcription from the major immediate-early promoter.
Apoptosis-like cell death upon kinetoplastid induction by compounds isolated from the brown algae Dictyota spiralis (2021)

These results encourage further investigation on the isolated compounds as potential drug candidates against both L. amazonensis and T. cruzi.
Active Disturbance Rejection Control based on a simultaneous adaptive observer and a time varying parameter identifier (2013)

Design of adaptive observers has been an active field in the systems theory. Until know, most of the existing solutions use a class of regular form with a set of unknown parameters. A different scheme used an estimation of external perturbations that can be compensated by the adaptive gain associated to the observer. In this paper, the presence of external perturbations for a model defined by a chain of integrators is considered. The adaptive observer used an identifier to obtain the time varying parameters used by the observer. Simultaneously, an adaptive gain associated to the observer adjusts the observer trajectories to provide the convergence between the states of the uncertain nonlinear system and the ones associated to the estimator suggested in this paper. Once the states of the uncertain system were obtained, a simple feedback controller was able to reject actively the perturbations that affect the nonlinear system. A simple third order uncertain system was evaluated in a numerical simulation for proving the performance of this observer/identifier. The same system was controlled using the estimated trajectories provided by the observer.
Non-erosive and erosive gastroesophageal reflux diseases: No difference with regard to reflux pattern and motility abnormalities (2008)

No difference was found between NERD and mild to moderate ERD in terms of acid exposure time and esophageal motor abnormalities. To a certain extent, ERD is a "more complicated" form of the disease. Host factors related to a particular patient (e.g. mucosal defense, genetics, acid clearance) might be responsible for the development of esophagitis.
Phenotypic Mutants of the Intracellular Actinomycete Rhodococcus equi Created by In Vivo Himar1 Transposon Mutagenesis (2003)

Rhodococcus equi is a facultative intracellular opportunistic pathogen of immunocompromised people and a major cause of pneumonia in young horses. An effective live attenuated vaccine would be extremely useful in the prevention of R. equi disease in horses. Toward that end, we have developed an efficient transposon mutagenesis system that makes use of a Himar1 minitransposon delivered by a conditionally replicating plasmid for construction of R. equi mutants. We show that Himar1 transposition in R. equi is random and needs no apparent consensus sequence beyond the required TA dinucleotide. The diversity of the transposon library was demonstrated by the ease with which we were able to screen for auxotrophs and mutants with pigmentation and capsular phenotypes. One of the pigmentation mutants contained an insertion in a gene encoding phytoene desaturase, an enzyme of carotenoid biosynthesis, the pathway necessary for production of the characteristic salmon color of R. equi. We identified an auxotrophic mutant with a transposon insertion in the gene encoding a putative dual-functioning GTP cyclohydrolase II-3,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone-4-phosphate synthase, an enzyme essential for riboflavin biosynthesis. This mutant cannot grow in minimal medium in the absence of riboflavin supplementation. Experimental murine infection studies showed that, in contrast to wild-type R. equi, the riboflavin-requiring mutant is attenuated because it is unable to replicate in vivo. The mutagenesis methodology we have developed will allow the characterization of R. equi virulence mechanisms and the creation of other attenuated strains with vaccine potential.
Seeing without Looking: Analysis Pipeline for Child Sexual Abuse Datasets (2022)

The online sharing and viewing of Child Sexual Abuse Material (CSAM) are growing fast, such that human experts can no longer handle the manual inspection. However, the automatic classification of CSAM is a challenging field of research, largely due to the inaccessibility of target data that is — and should forever be — private and in sole possession of law enforcement agencies. To aid researchers in drawing insights from unseen data and safely providing further understanding of CSAM images, we propose an analysis template that goes beyond the statistics of the dataset and respective labels. It focuses on the extraction of automatic signals, provided both by pre-trained machine learning models, e.g., object categories and pornography detection, as well as image metrics such as luminance and sharpness. Only aggregated statistics of sparse signals are provided to guarantee the anonymity of children and adolescents victimized. The pipeline allows filtering the data by applying thresholds to each specified signal and provides the distribution of such signals within the subset, correlations between signals, as well as a bias evaluation. We demonstrated our proposal on the Region-based annotated Child Pornography Dataset (RCPD), one of the few CSAM benchmarks in the literature, composed of over 2000 samples among regular and CSAM images, produced in partnership with Brazil’s Federal Police. Although noisy and limited in several senses, we argue that automatic signals can highlight important aspects of the overall distribution of data, which is valuable for databases that can not be disclosed. Our goal is to safely publicize the characteristics of CSAM datasets, encouraging researchers to join the field and perhaps other institutions to provide similar reports on their benchmarks.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Synaptic integration in rat frontal cortex shaped by network activity. (2005)

Neocortical neurons in vivo are embedded in networks with intensive ongoing activity. How this network activity affects the neurons' integrative properties and what function this may imply at the network level remain largely unknown. Most of our knowledge regarding synaptic communication and integration is based on recordings in vitro, where network activity is strongly diminished or even absent. Here, we present results from two complementary series of experiments based on intracellular in vivo recordings in anesthetized rat frontal cortex. Specifically, we measured 1) the relationship between the excursions of a neuron's membrane potential and the spiking activity in the surrounding network and 2) how the summation of several inputs to a single neuron changes with the different levels of its membrane potential excursions and the associated states of network activity. The combination of these measurements enables us to assess how the level of network activity influences synaptic integration. We present direct evidence that integration of synaptic inputs in frontal cortex is linear, independent of the level of network activity. However, during periods of high network activity, the neurons' response to synaptic input is markedly reduced in both amplitude and duration. This results in a drastic shortening of its window for temporal integration, requiring more precise coordination of presynaptic spike discharges to reliably drive the neuron to spike under conditions of high network activity. We conclude that ongoing activity, as present in the active brain, emphasizes the need for neuronal cooperation at the network level, and cannot be ignored in the exploration of cortical function. PMID: 15306631
Heterogeneidad en las micros, pequeñas y medianas empresas (MIPYMES) salvadoreñas (2001)

En este articulo, se exponen algunos enfoques teoricos sobre el sector informal y las MIPYMES en la economia regional. Inmediatamente se pasa a investigar brevemente este problema en El Salvador, a traves del cual se descubre que tanto la definicion como su dimension cuantitativa de las MIPYMES es heterogenea y difusa. Luego se exponen algunas conclusiones generales sobre esta misma tematica.
Complexity of Multi-Channel Electroencephalogram Signal Analysis in Childhood Absence Epilepsy (2015)

Absence epilepsy is an important epileptic syndrome in children. Multiscale entropy (MSE), an entropy-based method to measure dynamic complexity at multiple temporal scales, is helpful to disclose the information of brain connectivity. This study investigated the complexity of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals using MSE in children with absence epilepsy. In this research, EEG signals from 19 channels of the entire brain in 21 children aged 5-12 years with absence epilepsy were analyzed. The EEG signals of pre-ictal (before seizure) and ictal states (during seizure) were analyzed by sample entropy (SamEn) and MSE methods. Variations of complexity index (CI), which was calculated from MSE, from the pre-ictal to the ictal states were also analyzed. The entropy values in the pre-ictal state were significantly higher than those in the ictal state. The MSE revealed more differences in analysis compared to the SamEn. The occurrence of absence seizures decreased the CI in all channels. Changes in CI were also significantly greater in the frontal and central parts of the brain, indicating fronto-central cortical involvement of "cortico-thalamo-cortical network" in the occurrence of generalized spike and wave discharges during absence seizures. Moreover, higher sampling frequency was more sensitive in detecting functional changes in the ictal state. There was significantly higher correlation in ictal states in the same patient in different seizures but there were great differences in CI among different patients, indicating that CI changes were consistent in different absence seizures in the same patient but not from patient to patient. This implies that the brain stays in a homogeneous activation state during the absence seizures. In conclusion, MSE analysis is better than SamEn analysis to analyze complexity of EEG, and CI can be used to investigate the functional brain changes during absence seizures.
Pericyte Bridges in Homeostasis and Hyperglycemia (2020)

Diabetic retinopathy is a potentially blinding eye disease that threatens the vision of a ninth of diabetic patients. Progression of the disease has long been attributed to an initial dropout of pericytes that enwrap the retinal microvasculature. Revealed through retinal vascular digests, a subsequent increase in basement membrane bridges is observed. Using cell-specific markers, we demonstrate that pericytes rather than endothelial cells colocalize with these bridges. We show that the density of bridges transiently increases with elevation of Ang-2, PDGF-BB, and blood sugar, is rapidly reversed on a time scale of days, and often associated with a pericyte cell body located off-vessel. Cell-specific knockout of KLF4 in pericytes fully replicates this phenotype. &lt;i&gt;In vivo&lt;/i&gt; imaging of limbal vessels demonstrates pericyte migration off-vessel, with rapid pericyte filopodial-like process formation between adjacent vessels. Accounting for off-vessel and on-vessel pericytes, we observe no pericyte loss relative to non-diabetic control retina. These findings reveal the possibility that pericyte perturbations in location and process formation may play a role in the development of pathological vascular remodeling in diabetic retinopathy.
La présence de taxanes dans le pollen de Taxus sp peut être à l’origine de réactions d’hypersensibilité (2000)

EBSE-Ethnobotanique et pharmacologie
Light Emission and Amplification in Charged CdSe Quantum Dots (2004)

Photoluminescence from charged colloidal CdSe quantum dots, with definite and controllable electron occupation, is observed. As charged nanocrystals still emit light but are transparent at the emission wavelength, the threshold for amplified stimulated emission is strongly reduced. We demonstrate 65% threshold reduction in charged CdSe nanocrystal films, and further reduction should be feasible. This opens new possibilities for achieving efficient lasing in these molecular-like systems.
Task-graph scheduling extensions for efficient synchronization and communication (2021)

Task graphs have been studied for decades as a foundation for scheduling irregular parallel applications and incorporated in many programming models including OpenMP. While many high-performance parallel libraries are based on task graphs, they also have additional scheduling requirements, such as synchronization within inner levels of data parallelism and internal blocking communications. In this paper, we extend task-graph scheduling to support efficient synchronization and communication within tasks. Compared to past work, our scheduler avoids deadlock and oversubscription of worker threads, and refines victim selection to increase the overlap of sibling tasks. To the best of our knowledge, our approach is the first to combine gang-scheduling and work-stealing in a single runtime. Our approach has been evaluated on the SLATE high-performance linear algebra library. Relative to the LLVM OMP runtime, our runtime demonstrates performance improvements of up to 13.82%, 15.2%, and 36.94% for LU, QR, and Cholesky, respectively, evaluated across different configurations related to matrix size, number of nodes, and use of CPUs vs GPUs.
Enantioseparation of anaestethic drugs by capillary zone electrophoresis using cyclodextrin‐containing background electrolytes (1998)

The enantiomers of five racemic anaesthetic drugs were resolved with cyclodextrins using capillary zone electrophoresis. Parameters which affected the chiral resolution, such as type and concentration of cyclodextrin, temperature, and addition of organic modifier were investigated. The results show that the enantiomeric discrimination of the solutes is influenced by the structural shape of the solute molecules, separation temperature, and type of cyclodextrin. It was found that alpha-cyclodextrin was the best enantioselector for resolution of prilocaine and ketamine, while the enantiomers of mepivacaine, ropivacaine, and bupivacaine were resolved with beta-cyclodextrin and/or modified beta-cyclodextrins, i.e., methyl- and 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin, as chiral selectors. The length of the alkyl chain on the amino group of the drug molecule had a strong effect on the enantioresolution of mepivacaine, ropivacaine, and bupivacaine. Baseline separation of racemic ketamine was achieved with alpha- and methyl-beta-cyclodextrin at 15 degrees C. Addition of 5 M urea to the running buffer containing beta-cyclodextrin at high concentrations resulted in the enantioseparation of prilocaine, mepivacaine, and ketamine. Enantioresolution was improved upon the addition of 10% methanol to the buffer containing urea and beta-cyclodextrin. Generally, the complex formed between the S-enantiomers and modified beta-cyclodextrins was stronger than the corresponding R-forms. An exception was prilocaine where the R-form gave a more stable complex both with alpha- and beta-cyclodextrin.
A VIRTUAL BOUNDARY METHOD FOR SIMULATION OF FLOW OVER SWIMMING STRINGS (2006)

In the present study, we propose a virtual boundary method for simulation of massive inextensible flexible strings immersed in viscous fluid flow. The fluid motion is governed by the Navier-Stokes equations and a momentum forcing is added in order to bring the fluid to move at the same velocity with the immersed surface. A massive inextensible flexible string model is described by another set of equations with an additional momentum forcing which is a result of the fluid viscosity and the pressure difference across the string. The momentum forcing is calculated by a feedback loop. Simulations of several numerical examples are carried out, inlcuding a hanging string which starts moving under gravity without ambient fluid, a string swimming within a uniform flow and a uniform flow over two side-by side strings. The numerical results agree well with the theoretical analysis and previous experimental observations. Preliminary results of a swimming elongated fishlike body will also be presented.