gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Overview: developmental toxicology—new directions (2011)

Since regulatory agencies began implementing the use of standardized developmental toxicology protocols in the mid-1960s, our knowledge base of embryo-fetal development and technologies for experimentation has grown exponentially. These developmental toxicology protocols were a direct result of the thalidomide tragedy from earlier that decade, when large numbers of women were exposed to the drug and over 10,000 cases of phocomelia resulted. In preventing a recurrence of such tragedies, the testing protocols are immensely successful and the field of toxicology has been dedicated to using them to advance safety and risk assessment of chemicals and pharmaceuticals. Recently, our perspectives on toxicity testing have been challenged by a growing awareness that while we have excelled in hazard identification, we are in dire need of improved methodologies for human health risk assessment, particularly with respect to the large numbers of environmental chemicals for which we have little toxicology data and to the growing sentiment that better alternatives to whole animals tests are needed. To provide a forum for scientists, researchers, and regulators, the Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology Technical Committee of the Health and Environmental Sciences Institute organized a 2-day workshop titled "Developmental Toxicology-New Directions" to evaluate lessons learned over the past 30 years and discuss the future of toxicology testing. The following four articles describe different presentations and discussions that were held over the course of those 2 days.
Determination of Reliability from Ramped Voltage Breakdown Experiments; Application to Dual Dielectric MIM Capacitors (1984)

Ramped voltage breakdown experiments were used to derive the dependence of life-time, τ(v), on the applied voltage for Ta2O5-Si3N4 dual dielectric capacitors. Techniques previously described allowed for recognition of defective capacitors, which break down early, and for the effect of trapping of injected carriers, which retards the breakdown. It is there. ore possible to determine τ(v) for charge-free nondefective capacitors--a quantity of interest for reliability. For nonoptimistic reliability projections, τ(v) must be obtained over a range in voltage so that log τ(v) versus v exhibits, at the lower portion of that range, an upward concavity. Projections thus obtained were verified in a life-test.
Parimycin: Isolation and Structure Elucidation of a Novel Cytotoxic 2,3-Dihydroquinizarin Analogue of .GAMMA.-Indomycinone from a Marine Streptomycete Isolate. (2002)

In our screening of actinomycetes from the marine environment for bioactive components, a new antibiotic with a novel structure designated as parimycin was obtained from the culture broth of Streptomyces sp. isolate B8652. The structure of the new antibiotic was determined by spectroscopic methods and by comparison of the NMR data with those of the structurally related gamma-indomycinone.
A Study of FPGA Virtualization and Accelerator Scheduling (2017)

Deploying field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) on the cloud to accelerate the processing of the explosively growing server workloads is becoming a clear trend today. However, the costs reduction of accelerator design and deployment is still difficult with conventional development methods and tools. In the previous work, we proposed the hCODE platform to simplify the design, share and deployment of FPGA accelerators, which adopted a shell-and-IP design pattern and developed supporting tools to improve the reusability and the portability of accelerator designs. In this paper, based on our previous work, we propose new design methods and tools for FPGA virtualization and scheduling that allowing IPs to be implemented at cluster scale in low cost. With the proposed platform, users can easily deploy multiple accelerators on one FPGA to improve on-chip resources and communication bandwidth utilization.
Chapter 20. The co-ordination chemistry of macrocyclic compounds (1998)

I. A. Fallis, Annu. Rep. Prog. Chem., Sect. A: Inorg. Chem., 1998, 94, 351 DOI: 10.1039/IC094351
A prospective study of 63 couples with a history of recurrent spontaneous abortion: contributing factors and outcome of subsequent pregnancies (1993)

To evaluate the possible causes of recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) and to elucidate the prognosis for subsequent pregnancies 63 RSA patients were studied. Parental karyotyping revealed chromosomal aberrations in six of the 63 couples (4.8%). The rate of increased concentrations of antibodies against cardiolipin was comparable in the patients (10.0%) and in 30 parous controls (6.7%), as was also the occurrence of other autoantibodies (43.3 and 36.7%, respectively). Hysteroscopy revealed uterine cavity abnormalities in 11 of the 55 patients studied (20.0%). Altogether, for 35 RSA women (55.4%) investigations resulted in entirely normal findings; abnormal findings were more frequently encountered in primary aborters (56.8%) than in secondary aborters (26.9%, P < 0.05). During the follow-up period of 24.1 +/- 15.4 months, 48 patients became pregnant a total of 65 times, and the cumulative live birth rate was 62.5%. A living fetus was seen in ultrasound examination in 46 pregnancies (70.7%), whereas a blighted ovum was diagnosed in nine pregnancies (13.8%). An additional nine pregnancies aborted so suddenly that no ultrasound examination was performed, and one ectopic pregnancy was treated laparoscopically. Of the initially viable pregnancies, 13 (28.3%) ended in miscarriage and two were terminated due to fetal anomalies. Normal findings in the investigations were associated with a smaller risk for abortion (40.0%) than were abnormal findings (65.5%, P < 0.05). Of the 30 babies, six (20.0%, with babies from one twin pregnancy excluded) were growth-retarded, 9.7% were born before 37 weeks of gestation, and 22.8% of the mothers had impaired glucose tolerance during pregnancy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
On the Effect of Human Body Parts in Large Scale Human Behaviour Recognition (2013)

Automatic analysis of human behaviour in large collections of videos is gaining interest, even more so with the advent of file sharing sites such as YouTube. Human behaviour analysis methods can be categorised into three classes based on the type of features. The three representations are local, region of interest and densely sampled based representations. Local feature representation, such as Spatio-Temporal Interest Points (STIP), are quite popular for modelling temporal aspects in human action recognition. Region of Interest (ROI) based feature representations try to capture and represent human body part regions. Densely sampled representations capture information at uniformly spaced intervals spread in space and temporal directions of the given video. In this paper, we investigate the effect of human body part (ROI) information in large scale action recognition. Further, we also investigate the effect of its fusion with Harris 3D points (local representation) information and densely sampled representations. All experiments use a Bag-of-Words framework. We present our results on large class benchmark databases such as the UCF50 and HMDB51 datasets.
Clinical outcome of patients with follicular lymphoma receiving chemoimmunotherapy in the PRIMA study is not affected by FCGR3A and FCGR2A polymorphisms (2012)

In patients with follicular lymphoma treated with single-agent rituximab, single nucleotide polymorphisms in the FCGR3A gene are known to influence response and progression-free survival. The prognostic role of FCGR3A and FCGR2A polymorphisms in patients with follicular lymphoma treated with rituximab and chemotherapy combination remains controversial and has not been evaluated in the context of rituximab maintenance. FCGR3A and FCGR2A single nucleotide polymorphisms were evaluated in, respectively, 460 and 455 patients treated in the PRIMA study to investigate whether these were associated with response rate and patient outcome after rituximab chemotherapy induction and 2-year rituximab maintenance. In this representative patient cohort, complete and unconfirmed complete responses after rituximab chemotherapy were observed in 65%, 67%, 66% (P = .86) and 60%, 72%, 66% (P = .21) of FCGR3A VV, VF, FF and FCGR2A HH, HR, RR carriers, respectively. After 2 years of rituximab maintenance (or observation), response rates did not differ among the different genotypes. Progression-free survival measured from either treatment initiation or randomization to observation or maintenance was not influenced by these polymorphisms. These data indicate that FCGR3A and FCGR2A polymorphisms do not influence response rate and outcome when rituximab is combined with chemotherapy or used as maintenance treatment. The PRIMA study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00140582.
Studies of nanosecond pulse surface ionization wave discharges over solid and liquid dielectric surfaces (2014)

Surface ionization wave discharges generated by high-voltage nanosecond pulses, propagating over a planar quartz surface and over liquid surfaces (distilled water and 1-butanol) have been studied in a rectangular cross section test cell. The discharge was initiated using a custom-made, alternating polarity, high-voltage nanosecond pulse plasma generator, operated at a pulse repetition rate of 100–500 Hz, with a pulse peak voltage and current of 10–15 kV and 7–20 A, respectively, a pulse FWHM of ∼100 ns, and a coupled pulse energy of 2–9 mJ/pulse. Wave speed was measured using a capacitive probe. ICCD camera images demonstrated that the ionization wave propagated predominantly over the quartz wall or over the liquid surface adjacent to the grounded waveguide placed along the bottom wall of the test cell. Under all experimental conditions tested, the surface plasma 'sheet' was diffuse and fairly uniform, both for positive and negative polarities. The parameters of ionization wave discharge propagating over distilled water and 1-butanol surfaces were close to those of the discharge over a quartz wall. No perturbation of the liquid surface by the discharge was detected. In most cases, the positive polarity surface ionization wave propagated at a higher speed and over a longer distance compared to the negative polarity wave. For all three sets of experiments (surface ionization wave discharge over quartz, water and 1-butanol), wave speed and travel distance decreased with pressure. Diffuse, highly reproducible surface ionization wave discharge was also observed over the liquid butanol–saturated butanol vapor interface, as well as over the distilled water–saturated water vapor interface, without buffer gas flow. No significant difference was detected between surface ionization discharges sustained using single-polarity (positive or negative), or alternating polarity high-voltage pulses. Plasma emission images yielded preliminary evidence of charge removal from the liquid surface between the pulses on a microsecond time scale. Products of the plasma chemical reaction that accumulated in the ionization wave discharge over the liquid butanol–saturated butanol vapor interface were detected ex situ, using FTIR absorption spectroscopy. Reaction products identified include CO, alkanes (CH4,C2H6, C3H8), alkynes (C2H2), aldehydes (CH2O) and lighter alcohols (CH3OH).
Water-Gasoline Fuels-Their Effect on Spark Ignition Engine Emissions and Performance (1976)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Single-cylinder engine tests, an analytical engine cycle simulation, and automobile tests were employed to study the effects of supplementing gasoline with water for use in spark ignition engines. Factors examined include: the method of water addition (both water-in-gasoline emulsions and direct manifold water addition), antiknock characteristics with water addition, MBT spark requirement, indicated engine efficiency, engine cooling requirement, exhaust emissions, volumetric efficiency, lean operating limit, smoke level, exhaust temperature, and vehicle driveability. Among the negative aspects of water addition were increased hydrocarbon emissions and decreased vehicle driveability. Also, the polyoxyethylene type of emulsifier used in the water-in-gasoline emulsions, gave poor fuel stability and caused a rapid buildup of engine deposits. However on the positive side, water-gasoline fuels have higher octane ratings and decrease nitric oxide emissions.&lt;/div&gt;
Treatment of Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer with Erlotinib or Gefitinib (2011)

A 64-year-old woman receives the diagnosis of metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which has progressed during treatment with carboplatin, paclitaxel, and bevacizumab. Erlotinib therapy is recommended.
Performance Comparison of 15 Transport Ventilators (2007)

Only 2 of the ventilators met all the trial targets in all the bench and animal tests. With many of the ventilators, certain of the set ventilation parameters were inaccurate (differed by > 10% from the values from a cardiopulmonary monitor). The physical characteristics and high gas consumption of some of these ventilators may render them less desirable for patient transport.
FAUST: Dataset and Evaluation for 3D Mesh Registration (2014)

New scanning technologies are increasing the importance of 3D mesh data and the need for algorithms that can reliably align it. Surface registration is important for building full 3D models from partial scans, creating statistical shape models, shape retrieval, and tracking. The problem is particularly challenging for non-rigid and articulated objects like human bodies. While the challenges of real-world data registration are not present in existing synthetic datasets, establishing ground-truth correspondences for real 3D scans is difficult. We address this with a novel mesh registration technique that combines 3D shape and appearance information to produce high-quality alignments. We define a new dataset called FAUST that contains 300 scans of 10 people in a wide range of poses together with an evaluation methodology. To achieve accurate registration, we paint the subjects with high-frequency textures and use an extensive validation process to ensure accurate ground truth. We find that current shape registration methods have trouble with this real-world data. The dataset and evaluation website are available for research purposes at http://faust.is.tue.mpg.de.
Synthesis and placement flow for gain-based programmable regular fabrics (2003)

In this paper we present the Gain-based Logic Block Array (GLA), a new via-programmable regular fabric. GLA is an array of Gain-based Logic Blocks (GLBs). The GLB is a semi-universal logic block designed based on logical effort theory[12]. Customization of the GLBs is provided by programmable vias. To achieve the best performance, appropriate fabric has to be selected from a family of GLAs with different performance-area trade-offs. We describe a synthesis and placement flow which, for a given design to be implemented, allows us to select the best GLA from the candidate family.
A fast generalized multilevel voltage SVPWM algorithm based on voltage decomposition (2010)

Multilevel voltage technology is widely used in power electric engineering, and the associated modulation method, especially the space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) method is researched widely. However, the SVPWM process always becomes complicated when the voltage level increases. Thus this paper presented one generalized fast multilevel SVPWM method, which is based on phase voltage construction so has clear physical concept. The method includes base switch vector selection, dwell time calculation, the switch sequence generation considering redundant states. The method is simple to implement as less calculation, lower memory space, without any lookup table, and the complexity has no relationship with the voltage level exhibiting excellent universality. The simulation results demonstrate the validity of this algorithm.
Biofiber composites - environmentally compatible materials (1995)

A number of thermoplastics have been evaluated as potential materials for composite and blend formulations with natural polymers such as cellulosics, lignocellulose, and starches. The use of biofibers, derived from annually renewable resources, as reinforcing fibers provides positive environmental benefits.An important aspect that affects the processing and ultimate performance is the interfacial adhesion between the biofibers and the plastic.
The Influence of Music on Driver Stress1 (2000)

In order to examine the efficacy of music in dealing with daily stressors, automobile drivers were randomly assigned to either a music or nonmusic group. The music group listened to their favorite music, while the nonmusic group abstained from any music or talk radio during their entire commute to or from school or work. Using a cellular telephone. state measures of driver stress were obtained during a single commute in Iow‐ and high‐congestion conditions. A Condition × Music Group interaction was found. Driver stress was greater in high congestion than in low congestion, but the nonmusic group demonstrated extreme levels of stress within high congestion. Listening to self‐selected music appeared to limit driver stress only within highly frustrating and irritating traffic congestion.
Application of an Amplitude-integrated EEG Monitor (Cerebral Function Monitor) to Neonates (2017)

Amplitude-integrated EEG (aEEG) is an easily accessible technique to monitor the electrocortical activity in preterm and term infants in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). This method was first used to monitor newborns after asphyxia, providing information about future neurological outcomes. The aEEG is also helpful to select newborns who benefit from cooling. The aEEG monitoring of preterm infants is becoming more widespread, as various studies have shown that neurodevelopmental outcome is related to early aEEG tracings. Here, we demonstrate the application of the aEEG monitoring system and present typical patterns that depend upon gestational age and pathophysiological conditions. Furthermore, we mention pitfalls in the interpretation of the aEEG, as this method requires accurate fixation and localization of the electrodes. Additionally, the raw EEG can be used to detect neonatal seizures or to identify aEEG application problems. In conclusion, aEEG is a safe and generally well-tolerated method for the bedside monitoring of neonatal cerebral function; it can even provide information about long-term outcome.
Abstract 4438: A membrane modulating strategy improves doxorubicin therapy in spontaneous mouse breast carcinoma (2011)

Abstract BACKGROUND: Frequently, clinical anti-cancer therapy is suboptimal because of the inability to deliver high levels of cytostatics into tumor cells. We identified a class of short-chain sphingolipids that facilitate the translocation of amphiphilic drugs over the plasma membrane, including various cytostatics. RESULTS: The sphingolipid analogue N-octanoyl-GlucosylCeramide (GC) elevates intracellular doxorubicin levels four- to eight-fold, both in vitro and in xenografted B16 melanoma tumor tissue. In order to examine enhanced anti-tumor efficacy by GC preclinically, we used a spontaneous mouse breast cancer model that closely mimics human Invasive Lobular Carcinoma (ILC), and we applied a two-step experimental set-up with mouse cohorts of increasing tumor heterogeneity. In both populations, GC co-administration significantly increased tumor growth delay by doxorubicin, when compared to the conventional free or liposomal doxorubicin formulations. In contrast, the GC co-administration did not add upon bone marrow suppression, the main doxorubicin toxicity as revealed by pathological examination. Overall, mice treated with the GC-doxorubicin co-formulation better endured therapy and showed extended overall survival. CONCLUSION: Concomitant in vivo membrane modulation by short-chain sphingolipids widens the therapeutic window of the anti-cancer agent doxorubicin in a preclinical model for human ILC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4438. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4438
Integrating an Ultramicroelectrode in an AFM Cantilever:  Combined Technology for Enhanced Information (2001)

We present a novel approach to develop and process a microelectrode integrated in a standard AFM tip. The presented fabrication process allows the integration of an electroactive area at an exactly defined distance above of the end of a scanning probe tip and the subsequent remodeling and sharpening of the original AFM tip using a focused ion beam (FIB) technique (See ref 1 for patent information). Thus, the functionality of scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) can be integrated into any standard atomic force microscope (AFM). With the demonstrated approach, a precisely defined and constant distance between the microelectrode and the sample surface can be obtained, alternatively to the indirect determination of this distance usually applied in SECM experiments. Hence, a complete separation of the topographical information and the electrochemical signal is possible. The presented technique is a significant step toward electrochemical imaging with submicrometer electrodes as demonstrated by the development of the first integrated frame submicroelectrode.
(+)-{1,2-Bis[(2R,5R)-2,5-dimethylphospholan-1-yl]ethane-κ2P,P′}(η4-cycloocta-1,5-diene)rhodium(I) tetrafluoridoborate (2010)

The title compound, [Rh(C(8)H(12))(C(14)H(28)P(2))]BF(4), exhibits a rhodium(I) complex cation with a bidentate bis-phosphine ligand and a bidentate η(2),η(2)-coordinated cyclo-octa-1,5-diene. Together the ligands create a slightly distorted square-planar cordination environment for the Rh(I) atom. There are three mol-ecules in the asymmetric unit and intra-molecular P-Rh-P bite angles of 82.78 (5), 82.97 (6) and 83.09 (5)° are observed. The dihedral angles between the P-Rh-P and the X-Rh-X planes (X is the centroid of a double bond) are 14.7 (1), 14.8 (1) and 15.3 (1)°. The structure exhibits disorder of one cyclo-octa-diene ligand as well as one BF(4) anion.
A statistical study of midlatitude spread F at Wallops Island, Virginia (2009)

An ionosonde study using data from Wallops Island, Virginia (37.95°N, 284.53°E, 67.5° dip angle), over a full solar cycle from 1996 to 2006 has been conducted. A pattern recognition algorithm is used to analyze these ionograms in order to determine the statistics of midlatitude spread F. An ionogram displays spread F both horizontally and vertically, which are defined as range and frequency spread F, respectively. Range and frequency spreading can occur either simultaneously or separately. Seasonal and solar cycle variations have been studied using the data set; both are significant and are somewhat different for range and frequency spread F. Correlations of spread F duration with F10.7, Kp, and AE are investigated. The results provide insights into causative sources for both types of midlatitude spread F.