gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lightweight Broadcloth Recovery Parachute Testing and Reconstruction (2019)

Early in the Orion CPAS (Capsule Parachute Assembly System) project a main parachute was fabricated with lighter weight broadcloth in the lower part of the parachute skirt in order to look into different options for reducing the mass of the CPAS. At the end of Orion CPAS airdrop testing this parachute was used as a test equipment recovery parachute in order to gather data on the performance of this parachute. The parachute was the single recovery parachute in order to achieve the proper load under the parachute. It was flown on the final CPAS qualification test CQT 4-8 in September 2018.This paper will include imagery analysis, performance analysis based on all the gathered data, a full description of the configuration of the recovery parachute, as well as a comparison between this parachute and other CPAS recovery parachutes and other CPAS Main parachutes.
Point mutations in murine Nkx2-5 phenocopy human congenital heart disease and induce pathogenic Wnt signaling (2017)

Mutations in the <i>Nkx2-5</i> gene are a main cause of congenital heart disease. Several studies have addressed the phenotypic consequences of disrupting the <i>Nkx2-5</i> gene locus, although animal models to date failed to recapitulate the full spectrum of the human disease. Here, we describe a new <i>Nkx2-5</i> point mutation murine model, akin to its human counterpart disease-generating mutation. Our model fully reproduces the morphological and physiological clinical presentations of the disease and reveals an understudied aspect of <i>Nkx2-5</i>-driven pathology, a primary right ventricular dysfunction. We further describe the molecular consequences of disrupting the transcriptional network regulated by <i>Nkx2-5</i> in the heart and show that <i>Nkx2-5</i>-dependent perturbation of the Wnt signaling pathway promotes heart dysfunction through alteration of cardiomyocyte metabolism. Our data provide mechanistic insights on how <i>Nkx2-5</i> regulates heart function and metabolism, a link in the study of congenital heart disease, and confirms that our models are the first murine genetic models to our knowledge to present all spectra of clinically relevant adult congenital heart disease phenotypes generated by <i>NKX2-5</i> mutations in patients.
The $2.6 Billion Pill — Methodologic and Policy Considerations (2015)

Interview with Dr. Jerry Avorn on a new estimate of the cost of bringing a drug to market. (12:09)Download An industry-supported center claims that it costs companies $2.6 billion to develop a new drug. But we need a broader-based and more transparent reckoning of research-and-development costs to inform discussions about fostering innovation and paying for medications.
Wafer-Bonded Silicon Gamma-Ray Detectors (2006)

Direct hydrophobic wafer bonding was used to create a 1 mm thick gamma-ray detector from two 0.5 mm thick wafers. Full depletion and efficient charge transport across the wafer bond is demonstrated. The energy resolution of the detector is 8.9 keV FWHM for 60 keV gamma rays at room temperature with a leakage of 3.5 muA while operating at 700 V. Improvements in the technique should allow for thicker detectors with better energy resolution.
Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Engineering by Plasma Techniques (2008)

The nature of plasma-induced surface radicals formed on a variety of organic polymers have been studied by electron spin resonance (ESR), making it possible to provide a sound basis for future experimental design of polymer surface processing using plasma treatment. On the basis of the findings from such studies, several novel bio-applications in the field of drug- and biomedical- engineering have been developed. Applications for drug engineering include the preparation of reservoir-type drug delivery system (DDS) of sustained- and delayed-release, and floating drug delivery system (FDDS) possessing gastric retention capabilities, followed by preparation of "Patient-Tailored DDS". Furthermore, the preparation of composite powders applicable to matrix-type DDS was developed by making a mechanical application to the surface radical-containing polymer powders with drug powders. In applications for biomedical engineering, the novel method to introduce the durable surface hydrophilicity and lubricity on hydrophobic biomedical polymers was developed by plasma-assisted immobilization of carboxyl group-containing polymer on the polymer substrate. The surfaces thus prepared were further used for the covalent immobilization of oligo-nucleotides (DNA) onto the polymer surfaces applicable to constructing DNA diagnosis system, and also plasma-assisted preparation of functionalized chemo-embolic agent of vinyl alcohol-sodium acrylate copolymer (PVA- PAANa).
Intense Neutron Source Target Test Facility: A 200 kV, 200 mA dc, Deuterium Ion Accelerator (1979)

A 200 kV, 200 mA dc, deuterium ion accelerator has been constructed to evaluate high-temperature hydride materials such as scandium and erbium for use as targets in D-T neutron generators. The metal hydride film is deposited on a water-cooled, copper substrate designed to handle power densities of 40 MW/M2 while maintaining a surface temperature of ≤ 450°C. The goal of this program is to develop a target for a D-T neutron generator capable of producing 101 neutrons/s for use in cancer therapy. The accelerator employs a small duopigatron ion source which is capable of delivering a 200 mA deuterium ion beam that is composed of 60% atomic ions. The ion source is held at positive high voltage and a beam is formed with a single stage accel gap. An extractor electrode is biased negative about 2 kV to suppress secondary electrons and to define the point along the beam axis where the beam is space-charge neutralized by the trapped secondary electrons. The distance from the plasma expansion cup to the target is 0.6 m. Ion beam diameters at the target have been determined from measured infrared radiance profiles of the target due to beam heating. Data are presented on ion beam diameters for several operating conditions and accelerator geometries. D-D neutron output rates of 6 x 1010 neutrons/s have been measured with a 200 kV, 180 mA beam on erbium and a 180 kV, 160 mA beam on scandium.
Curated databases (2009)

Most of our research and scholarship now depends on curated databases. A curated database is any kind of structured repository such as a traditional database, an ontology or an XML file, that is created and updated with a great deal of human effort. For example, most reference works (dictionaries, encyclopaedias, gazetteers, etc.) that we used to find on the reference shelves of libraries are now curated databases; and because it is now so easy to publish databases on the web, there has been an explosion in the number of new curated databases used in scientific research. Curated databases are of particular importance to digital librarians because the central component of a digital library - its catalogue or metadata - is very likely to be a curated database. The value of curated databases lies in the organisation, the annotation and the quality of the data they contain. Like the paper reference works they have replaced, they usually represent the efforts of a dedicated group of people to produce a definitive description of enterprise or some subject area.

Given their importance to our work it is surprising that so little attention has been given to the general problems of curated databases. How do we archive them? How do we cite them? And because much of the data in one curated database is often extracted from other curated databases, how do we understand the provenance of the data we find in the database and how do we assess its accuracy? Curated databases raise challenging problems not only in computer science but also in intellectual property and the economics of publishing. I shall attempt to describe these.
Highly extendable passive current balancing interleaved high step‐up boost converter using voltage multipliers (2022)

Abstract High step‐up boost converters with large input current capacity are necessary for low‐voltage renewable energy sources, such as photovoltaic panels and fuel cells. Interleaved converters are a suitable topology for low‐voltage, large input current applications. Conventional interleaved converters, however, face a variety of challenges, such as the necessity of additional current control loops for active current balancing, increased voltage stress of semiconductors, and poor extendibility. In this paper, highly extendable interleaved high step‐up boost converters with a passive current balancing and reduced semiconductor voltage stresses are proposed. Current capacities and step‐up conversion ratios of the proposed converters can be arbitrarily enhanced by extending the number of phases and voltage multiplier (VM) stages, respectively. The experimental results of 500‐W prototypes demonstrated passive current balancing, reduced semiconductor voltage stresses, and enhanced step‐up conversion ratios.
DT‐02‐01: APPROPRIATE USE CRITERIA FOR LUMBAR PUNCTURE AND CEREBROSPINAL FLUID TESTING IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (2018)

The Alzheimer's Association convened a multidisciplinary Workgroup to develop appropriate use criteria (AUC) to guide the safe and optimal use of the lumbar puncture (LP) procedure and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) testing for AD pathology detection in the diagnostic process. The Workgroup, experienced in the ethical use of LP and CSF analysis, developed key research questions to guide the systematic review of the evidence and developed clinical indications commonly encountered in clinical practice based on key patient groups in whom use of LP and CSF may be considered as part of the diagnostic process. Based on their expertise and interpretation of the evidence from systematic review, members rated each indication as appropriate or inappropriate. The Workgroup finalized 14 indications, rating 6 appropriate and 8 inappropriate. In anticipation of the emergence of more reliable CSF analysis platforms, this presentation will provide the Alzheimer's research community the first opportunity to review the AUC in detail. A full manuscript will also be published in the near future. The manuscript offers important guidance to healthcare practitioners, and suggestions for implementation and future research.
Characterization of a monoclonal antibody to turnip mosaic virus and its use in immunodiagnosis of infection (2005)

Monoclonal antibodies specifie for turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) were produced and used in a double antibody sandwich enzyme immunoassay to detect virus in infected plants. One particular antibody from a hybridoma clone having desirable growth, specificity and antibody production properties was characterized in detail. This antibody was shown by immunocytochemical electron microscopy and immunoblotting to react with a virion coat protein. Conditions providing efficient extraction of virus from leaves were investigated by using the antibody in both capture and detection steps of a sandwich immunoassay. With an extraction buffer System containing multiple detergents, a highly sensitive assay was produced that reliably detected virus in infected plants. This assay is now in routine use for immunodiagnosis of turnip mosaic virus infections.
Candida Peritonitis: An Update on the Latest Research and Treatments (2011)

Abstract The incidence of Candida peritonitis is increasing and the mortality rate remains high. Candida albicans is the most common yeast causing Candida peritonitis, but a shift to more drug‐resistant non‐ albicans strains has been observed. Major risk factors for developing Candida peritonitis include hollow viscus perforation, abdominal and thoracic surgery, surgical drains in situ, intravenous and urinary catheters, total parenteral nutrition, severe sepsis, antibiotic therapy (≥48 h before peritonitis), immunosuppression, diabetes mellitus, and extensive Candida colonization. Polymicrobial peritoneal infections with Candida spp. and enteric bacteria (such as E. coli and B. fragilis ) have been associated with higher mortality. Laboratory detection of Candida is still based on histopathological diagnosis and culture‐based methods. Isolated Candida spp. must be treated as a pathogen contributing to peritonitis. Prompt diagnosis, effective antifungal therapy, and skilled surgical management are essential components of treatment. Treatment includes removal of all foreign bodies, such as intravenous and urinary catheters and drains, whereas abscesses usually require surgical or radiological drainage. Antifungal therapy should be chosen based on sensitivity profiles. Fluconazole is still appropriate for most severe community‐acquired or nosocomial infections. Echinocandins are used as first‐line in critically ill patients, those with prior azole exposure, and those with fluconazole‐resistant candidiasis. Peritoneal lavage can be used in combination with other antifungal agents to treat refractory infections. Risk factors must be weighed to decide on prophylaxis (usually with fluconazole) to limit antifungal resistance.
Crystal and molecular structure of trans-dichlorobis(hexaborane-10)platinum(II) (1973)

(B6H10)2PtCl2 is a trans-square-planar complex with the platinum bridge-bonded to the unique (4,5-position) basal boron atoms in each of the B6H10 ligands; the bridged B–B bond is nearly perpendicular to the Cl–Pt–Cl axis.
Factors predicting favorable outcome following autologous stem cell transplantation for primary refractory or relapsed Hodgkin’s disease: A prognostic model based on 20 year follow up (2005)

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A Position DetectionMechanism for Location-aware Pin&Play (2006)

We propose a position detection mechanism for locationaware Pin&Play. Though the positions of inserted pins are important for most applications, they could not be detected in previous systems. The proposed method detects the positions of pins by processing images taken with a camera placed in front of the board. The proposed method has a dynamic adjustment mechanism for image processing parameters to achieve higher accuracy even when the surrounding lighting condition changes. Moreover, it also has an error estimation mechanism to avoid the accumulation of position error. We also clarify the effectiveness of our proposed method through performance evaluations.
ERK 1/2 activation in enhanced osteogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells in poly(lactic‐glycolic acid) by cyclic hydrostatic pressure (2006)

The aim of this study was to identify the signal transduction pathways and mechano-transducers that play critical roles in the processes induced by changes in cyclic hydrostatic pressure and fluid shear in 3-dimensional (3D) culture systems. Mesenchymal stem cells were loaded into a polymeric scaffold and divided into three groups according to the stress treatment: static, fluid shear, and hydrostatic pressure with fluid shear. Cells were exposed daily to a hydrostatic pressure of 0.2 MPa for 1 min followed by 14 min rest with fluid flow at 30 rpm. Protein extracts were analyzed by Western blot for extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2). The complexes were cultured under the mechanical stimuli for 21 days with or without phospho-ERK1/2 inhibitor (U0126) and evaluated by RT-PCR, calcium contents, and immunohistochemistry. Under conditions of mechanical stimulation, the activation of ERK1/2 was sustained or increased with time. U0126 suppressed mechanical stimuli-induced expression of osteocalcin. In addition, calcium contents and the degrees of osteocalcin and osteopontin staining were decreased by this inhibitor. These results demonstrate that mechanical stimuli, particularly hydrostatic pressure with fluid shear, enhance osteogenesis in 3D culture systems via ERK1/2 activation.
Polarization waves and super-radiance in active media (1989)

УСПЕХИ ФИЗИЧЕСКИХ НАУК
Competitive Data Trading in Wireless-Powered Internet of Things (IoT) Crowdsensing Systems with Blockchain (2018)

With the explosive growth of smart IoT devices at the edge of the Internet, embedding sensors on mobile devices for massive data collection and collective environment sensing has been envisioned as a cost-effective solution for IoT applications. However, existing IoT platforms and framework rely on dedicated middleware for (semi-) centralized task dispatching, data storage and incentive provision. Consequently, they are usually expensive to deploy, have limited adaptability to diverse requirements, and face a series of data security and privacy issues. In this paper, we employ permissionless blockchains to construct a purely decentralized platform for data storage and trading in a wireless-powered IoT crowdsensing system. In the system, IoT sensors use power wirelessly transferred from RF-energy beacons for data sensing and transmission to an access point. The data is then forwarded to the blockchain for distributed ledger services, i.e., data/transaction verification, recording, and maintenance. Due to coupled interference of wireless transmission and transaction fee incurred from blockchain's distributed ledger services, rational sensors have to decide on their transmission rates to maximize individual utility. Thus, we formulate a noncooperative game model to analyze this competitive situation among the sensors. We provide the analytical condition for the existence of the Nash equilibrium as well as a series of insightful numerical results about the equilibrium strategies in the game.
Paramagnetic resonance in triplet naphthalene at liquid helium temperatures (1963)

In order to determine the absolute signs of the zero field splittings of the photo-excited triplet state of dilute naphthalene in durene, we have made electron spin resonance measurements at 4·2°k and 1·65°k, where Boltzmann populations differ sufficiently to cause measurable intensity effects. Our results confirm the theoretical predictions: Z is negative; X and Y are positive. We have also measured decay times of the triplet state at helium temperatures and have found no marked departure from the behaviour at 77°k. We have observed some further resolution in the hyperfine structure at 1·65°k.
Pediatric Gliosarcoma With and Without Neurofibromatosis Type 1: A Whole-exome Comparison of 2 Patients (2020)

Gliosarcoma is rare among pediatric patients and among individuals with Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1). Here we compare 2 pediatric gliosarcoma patients, one of whom has NF1. We performed whole-exome sequencing, methylation, and copy number analysis on tumor and blood for both patients. Whole-exome sequencing showed higher mutational burden in the tumor of the patient without NF1. Copy number analysis showed differences in chromosomal losses/gains between the tumors. Neither tumor showed O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation. The NF1 patient survived without progression while the other expired. This is the first reported case of gliosarcoma in a child with NF1.
Robust analog/RF circuit design with projection-based posynomial modeling (2005)

We propose a robust analog design tool (ROAD) for post-tuning analog/RF circuits. Starting from an initial design derived from hand analysis or analog circuit synthesis based on simplified models, ROAD extracts accurate posynomial performance models via transistor-level simulation and optimizes the circuit by geometric programming. Importantly, ROAD sets up all design constraints to include large-scale process variations to facilitate the tradeoff between yield and performance. A novel convex formulation of the robust design problem is utilized to improve the optimization efficiency and to produce a solution that is superior to other local tuning methods. In addition, a novel projection-based approach for posynomial fitting is used to facilitate scaling to large problem sizes. A new implicit power iteration algorithm is proposed to find the optimal projection space and extract the posynomial coefficients with robust convergence. The efficacy of ROAD is demonstrated on several circuit examples.
Capitellar Osteochondritis Dissecans Lesions of the Elbow: A Systematic Review of Osteochondral Graft Reconstruction Options (2020)

Level IV, systematic review of Level II to IV studies.
A framework of metal object insertion in the projection domain for interventional CT image quality optimization (2021)

Numerous advances in CT imaging have led to improved image guidance for interventional oncology procedures. However, image artifacts stemming from metal devices used during procedures have remained a persistent problem. Severe artifacts introduced by metallic treatment devices significantly degrade image quality in anatomical regions of interest and can substantially reduce the confidence of the interventional radiologist in accurate probe placement. The purpose of this work is to develop a framework to accurately simulate the presence of metal objects in CT images, which could be used for image quality assessment and development of artifact mitigation strategies. The projection domain insertion framework was developed based on an existing lesion insertion tool. New noise and beam hardening models were developed and incorporated into the insertion algorithm to better replicate the artifactual signal produced by the metal objects. These models were validated by comparing images of real and artificially inserted metallic rods with known material composition and dimensions in head and body CT phantoms. The validated model was applied to a single cryoablation probe, which was imaged with routine clinical acquisition parameters and reconstructed with three different sets of reconstruction settings to evaluate their effects on probe segmentation and eventual insertion performance. To determine the optimal digital probe model derived from CT images, the segmented probes were inserted into the projection data from a water phantom and compared to the corresponding water images with the real probe. Additional phantom studies were conducted with two probes positioned such that they were coplanar with the imaging plane, to fully evaluate the severity of the simulated metal artifacts. Finally, a comprehensive library of metallic probes used in our clinical practice during cryoablation and microwave ablation procedures was generated, and an intuitive graphical user interface was built to facilitate efficient insertion of any number of different probes at arbitrary positions in patient CT data. Results from the metallic rod experiments demonstrated that quantum noise, electronic noise, and beam hardening were properly modeled. Further, digital probe models derived from probe images from high resolution reconstructions with an extended HU scale yielded simulated image artifacts consistent with presentation of real artifacts; whereas, using probe models derived from segmentations of clinical reconstructions or high resolution reconstruction without the extended HU scale did not. Extension of the insertion model to two coplanar probes demonstrated production of realistic artifacts with similar magnitude and texture to real probes. Lastly, the model was successfully applied to patient data and generated convincing artifacts as compared to patient images with real probes.