gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Edwardsiella tarda OmpA Encapsulated in Chitosan Nanoparticles Shows Superior Protection over Inactivated Whole Cell Vaccine in Orally Vaccinated Fringed-Lipped Peninsula Carp (Labeo fimbriatus) (2016)

The use of oral vaccination in finfish has lagged behind injectable vaccines for a long time as oral vaccines fall short of injection vaccines in conferring protective immunity. Biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) have shown potential to serve as antigen delivery systems for oral vaccines. In this study the recombinant outer membrane protein A (rOmpA) of <i>Edwardsiella tarda</i> was encapsulated in chitosan NPs (NP-rOmpA) and used for oral vaccination of <i>Labeo fimbriatus</i>. The rOmpA purity was 85%, nanodiameter <500 nm, encapsulation efficiency 60.6%, zeta potential +19.05 mV, and there was an in vitro release of 49% of encapsulated antigen within 48 h post incubation in phosphate-buffered saline. Empty NPs and a non-formulated, inactivated whole cell <i>E. tarda</i> (IWC-ET) vaccine were used as controls. Post-vaccination antibody levels were significantly (<i>p</i> = 0.0458) higher in the NP-rOmpA vaccinated fish (Mean OD<sub>450</sub> = 2.430) than in fish vaccinated with inactivated whole cell <i>E. tarda</i> (IWC-ET) vaccine (Mean OD<sub>450</sub> = 1.735), which corresponded with post-challenge survival proportions (PCSP) of 73.3% and 48.28% for the NP-rOmpA and IWC-ET groups, respectively. Serum samples from NP-rOmpA-vaccinated fish had a higher inhibition rate for <i>E. tarda</i> growth on tryptic soy agar (TSA) than the IWC-ET group. There was no significant difference (<i>p</i> = 0.989) in PCSPs between fish vaccinated with empty NPs and the unvaccinated control fish, while serum from both groups showed no detectable antibodies against <i>E. tarda</i>. Overall, these data show that the NP-rOmpA vaccine produced higher antibody levels and had superior protection over the IWC-ET vaccine, showing that encapsulating OmpA in chitosan NPs confer improved protection against <i>E. tarda</i> mortality in <i>L. fimbriatus</i>. There is a need to elucidate the possible adjuvant effects of chitosan NPs and the immunological mechanisms of protective immunity induced by OMPs administered orally to fish.
Adsorption of salivary mucins onto enamel and artificial solid substrata and its influence on oral streptococcal adhesion (1991)

The effects of high molecular weight mucins, adsorbed on enamel and artificial solid substrata with various surface free energies, on oral streptococcal adhesion have been investigated. For the adhesion studies, 3 strains of oral streptococci with widely different surface free energies were used. The substrata were precoated with mucins with a molecular mass >105 Da. The adhesion of S. mutans NS to mucin coated, hydrophobic FEP‐teflon was significantly increased by the presence of the mucin coating, whereas the adhesion of S. mutans NS to more hydrophilic substrata such as cellulose acetate, glass and enamel decreased. In addition, the adhesion of S. sanguis 12 and S. mitis BMS to mucin‐coated surfaces decreased slightly. However, adhesion of S. sanguis to FEP‐teflon remained unaltered. Unlike S. mitis, S. mutans and S. sanguis are known to possess specific carbohydrate receptor sites (lectins) which may interact with the carbohydrate part of adsorbed mucins. From the decrease in the adhesion of S. mutans to mucin‐coated glass, it is concluded that mucins adsorb to glass with their polar carbohydrate part. On the other hand, it is hypothesized that mucins adsorb to FEP‐teflon with their apolar protein part, thereby revealing their carbohydrate part towards the solution phase and stimulating the adhesion of S. mutans NS, while leaving the adhesion of S. sanguis 12 unaltered. Further evidence for this adsorption model of mucins is provided by contact angle measurements.
High-density avalanche photodiode array (1993)

Using bevelled edge avalanche photodiode technology, we have built several two dimensional 64-element arrays. Each pixel measures 1.24 X 1.24 mm<SUP>2</SUP>, with no dead space in between . The array was built by thinning and segmenting the back side of a large area APD to form the pixels. Very good isolation is obtained, and the response from each pixel on the back side corresponds to the location and intensity of the input signal on the front side. Signal gain in each pixel is the same as the starting APD, approaching approximately 1000, with good uniformity. The crosstalk between pixels is proportional to the resistance between them, and is dependent on the bias applied to the detector, at high bias, the crosstalk is less than 1%. Because of the small pixel size, the response time to laser excitation approaches approximately 6 ns. These arrays have very good potential for imaging systems and optical fiber readout in high energy physics detectors.
Detection of tones in low-noise noise : further evidence for the role of envelope fluctuations (1997)

This paper investigates the role of envelope fluctuations in simultaneous masking conditions. Thresholds for tones in noise with a flat temporal envelope (low-noise noise, LNN) were compared with those in Gaussian noise. All measurements were performed with a running-noise presentation of 500-ms maskers. The sinusoidal signal was spectrally and temporally centered in the masker. The main findings were: (a) The 5.5-dB threshold difference between 100-Hz-wide Gaussian and LNN maskers at 1 kHz that was previously observed using frozen noise (cf. Hartmann and Pumplin [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 83. 2277-2289 (1988)]) is also apparant for running noise, although thresholds are generally higher in the latter condition. (b) The threshold difference between Gaussian and LNN maskers at 1 kHz reaches a maximum of 9.4 dB at a masker bandwidth of 25 Hz, while at 10 kHz, the difference reaches a maximum of 15 dB at bandwidths of 50 and 100 Hz. For a 100-Hz-wide masker presented at different center frequencies, there is no advantage for LNN maskers below 1 kHz. Towards higher frequencies, the difference between the two noises increases and reaches about 15 dB at 10 kHz. (c) At 1 kHz with a 100-Hz bandwidth, decreasing the signal duration from 500 to 20 ms increases the threshold difference to 7.6 dB. (d) Thresholds in a dichotic condition, in which the masker is in phase and the signal is out of phase, lie within 2 dB for the two noise types, and are nearly constant for masker bandwidths between 5 and 100 Hz. It is argued that the primary detection cue in LNN is not an increase in energy, but rather an increase in envelope fluctuations due to the addition of the signal. This hypotheses is supported by simulations with an auditory-filterbank model. The simulations further suggest that, for a large LNN advantage, it is not sufficient that the LNN envelope is flat at the output of the on-frequency filter. In addition, it is crucial that off-frequency filters also yield a flat temporal envelope.
Properties of Thin Polyimide Films (1980)

Polyimide is receiving increasing interest as a possible insulator on semiconductor devices, replacing . Several commercially available polyimides have been characterized by testing films of them for electric breakdown strength, conductivity, adhesion, and other properties. The results of these tests are summarized, and the polyimides are compared to sputtered .
ChemInform Abstract: Aluminium Deposition from Tetrahydrofuran Solutions of AlCl3‐LiAlH4 using Microelectrodes. Part 1. 1:1 AlCl3‐LiAlH4. (1987)

Abstract Electrodeposition of Al from 0.5 M AlCl3/0.5 M LiAlH 4 in THF has been investigated by potential‐sweep and potential‐step experiments at Au‐microdisc electrodes.
Noninvasive Localization of Accessory Pathways in Wolff–Parkinson–White Syndrome by Three-Dimensional Speckle Tracking Echocardiography (2016)

Isochrone AI with 3D-STE may be a promising noninvasive imaging tool to assess cardiac synchronized activation in normal hearts and detect abnormal breakthrough of mechanical activation from both atrioventricular annuli in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.
High-yield production of l-serine from glycerol by engineered Escherichia coli (2019)

L-Serine is widely used in pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic industries, and the direct fermentation to produce L-serine from cheap carbon sources such as glycerol is greatly desired. The production of L-serine by engineered Escherichia coli from glycerol has not been achieved so far. In this study, E. coli was engineered to efficiently produce L-serine from glycerol. To this end, three L-serine deaminase genes were deleted in turn, and all of the deletions caused the maximal accumulation of L-serine at 0.06 g/L. Furthermore, removal of feedback inhibition by L-serine resulted in a titer of 1.1 g/L. Additionally, adaptive laboratory evolution was employed to improve glycerol utilization in combination with the overexpression of the cysteine/acetyl serine transporter gene eamA, leading to 2.36 g/L L-serine (23.6% of the theoretical yield). In 5-L bioreactor, L-serine titer could reach up to 7.53 g/L from glycerol, demonstrating the potential of the established strain and bioprocess.
RNA major groove modifications improve siRNA stability and biological activity (2008)

RNA 5-methyl and 5-propynyl pyrimidine analogs were substituted into short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to probe major groove steric effects in the active RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). Synthetic RNA guide strands containing varied combinations of propynyl and methyl substitution revealed that all C-5 substitutions increased the thermal stability of siRNA duplexes containing them. Cellular gene suppression experiments using luciferase targets in HeLa cells showed that the bulky 5-propynyl modification was detrimental to RNA interference activity, despite its stabilization of the helix. Detrimental effects of this substitution were greatest at the 5'-half of the guide strand, suggesting close steric approach of proteins in the RISC complex with that end of the siRNA/mRNA duplex. However, substitutions with the smaller 5-methyl group resulted in gene silencing activities comparable to or better than that of wild-type siRNA. The major groove modifications also increased the serum stability of siRNAs.
Development of Highly Accurate Optical Magnetic Field Sensors. (1996)

We developed highly accurate optical magnetic field sensors. The sensor optical system has a confocal optical system using ball lenses. Bi-substituted rare earth iron garnets were prepared by the LPE method for use as Faraday rotators. We found that a new garnet composition, Bi1.14Gd0.57La0.02Y1.27Fe4.53Ga0.47O12, showed stable temperature characteristics of the sensitivity; The temperature dependence of the sensor output was less than 2.0% from -20°C to +80°C. We also improved the linearity error in the small magnetic field by using the film thickness dependence of the wall coercive force. The linearity error of the sensor output was within 1.0% for alternating magnetic fields from 3.0 Oe to 420 Oe. The sensors achieved high performance with regard to the linearity and the temperature characteristics.
One-electron theory (2002)

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Data from Nonclinical Characterization of Bexmarilimab, a Clever-1–Targeting Antibody for Supporting Immune Defense Against Cancers (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Common lymphatic endothelial and vascular endothelial receptor-1 (Clever-1) is a multifunctional type-1 transmembrane protein that plays an important role in immunosuppression against tumors. Clever-1 is highly expressed in a subset of human tumor-associated macrophages and associated with poor survival. In mice, Clever-1 supports tumor growth and metastasis formation, and its deficiency or blockage induces T-cell–dependent killing of cancer cells. Therefore, targeting Clever-1 could lead to T-cell activation and restoration of immune response also in patients with cancer. This is studied in an on-going clinical trial [Macrophage Antibody To INhibit immune Suppression (MATINS); NCT03733990] in patients with advanced solid tumors where bexmarilimab, a humanized IgG4 antibody against human Clever-1, shows promising safety and efficacy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Here, we report the humanization and nonclinical characterization of physicochemical properties, biological potency, and safety profile of bexmarilimab.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bexmarilimab showed high affinity to Clever-1 on KG-1 cells and bound to Clever-1 on the surface of classical and intermediate monocytes derived from healthy human blood. Bexmarilimab inhibited the internalization of its natural ligand acetylated low-density lipoprotein into KG-1 cells and increased TNFα secretion from macrophages but did not impair phagocytic clearance. Bexmarilimab did not induce significant cytokine release in human whole-blood cultures, did not contain nonsafe immunogenic glycans, or show any significant binding to human Fcγ receptors or complement pathway component C1q. &lt;i&gt;In vivo&lt;/i&gt;, bexmarilimab showed dose-dependent duration of monocyte Clever-1 receptor occupancy in cynomolgus monkeys but did not induce a cytokine storm up to a dose of 100 mg/kg.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In conclusion, these data support the clinical development of bexmarilimab for the restoration of immune response in cancers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Rapid Calmodulin-dependent Interdomain Electron Transfer in Neuronal Nitric-oxide Synthase Measured by Pulse Radiolysis (2001)

Electron transfer within rat neuronal nitric-oxide synthase (nNOS) was investigated by pulse radiolysis. Radiolytically generated 1-methyl-3-carbamoyl pyridinium (MCP) radical was found to react predominantly with the heme of the enzyme with a second-order rate constant for heme reduction of 3 x 10(8) m(-1) s(-1). In the calmodulin (CaM)-bound enzyme a subsequent first-order phase was observed which had a rate constant of 1.2 x 10(3) s(-1). In the absence of CaM, this phase was absent. Kinetic difference spectra for nNOS reduction indicated that the second phase consisted of heme reoxidation accompanied by formation of a neutral flavin semiquinone, suggesting that it is heme to flavin electron transfer. Experiments with the heme proximal surface mutant, K423E, had no second phase, confirming that the mutation blocks interdomain electron transfer. With the autoinhibitory loop deletion mutant, Delta40, the slow phase was observed even in the absence of CaM consistent with the role of the loop in impeding interdomain electron transfer. The rate of heme to FMN electron transfer observed in the wild-type enzyme is approximately 1000 times faster than the FMN to heme electron transfer rate predicted during catalysis from kinetic modeling, suggesting that the catalytic process is slowed by kinetic gating.
A Fractal Approach for Characterizing Microroughness in Gravel Streams (2008)

Discrete cluster microforms, or simply clusters, in gravel streams result from organization of particles found in the surface layer of the gravel bed into disconnected patches. Clusters are the outcome of feedback interaction between flow, sediment and stream planform geometry. The complexity of this interaction results in several dierent cluster shapes, i.e. line, rhomboid and triangular. The objective of this research is to provide a quantitative characterization of cluster shape. To achieve this, we employed a novel method based on fractal theory and used for the shape description of clusters. Our novel method utilized the cell-counting method for the estimation of the areal fractal dimension, DA for two major datasets, namely fabricated clusters with well-defined shapes, and clusters developed in the laboratory. The principal finding of this research is that the proposed method successfully characterized cluster shape in quantitative terms. Specifically, it was shown that the new approach could identify clusters of dierent shapes 84% of the time, under dierent arrangements. This finding is of great importance for bed pattern recognition studies of stream reaches with superimposed roughness elements such as clusters. The findings of the current work could also assist numerical modellers in the development of more representative models of flows over roughness features such as clusters and in the interpretation of results from such models.
Two photon emission from superluminal and accelerating index perturbations (2021)

Sources of photons with controllable quantum properties such as entanglement and squeezing are desired for applications in quantum information, metrology, and sensing. However, fine-grained control over these properties is hard to achieve, especially for two-photon sources. Here, we propose a new mechanism for generating entangled and squeezed photon pairs using superluminal and/or accelerating modulations of the refractive index in a medium. By leveraging time-changing dielectric media, where quantum vacuum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field can be converted into photon pairs, we show that energy- and momentum-conservation in multi-mode systems give rise to frequency and angle correlations of photon pairs which are controlled by the trajectory of the index modulation. These radiation effects are two-photon analogues of Cherenkov and synchrotron radiation by moving charged particles such as free electrons. We find the particularly intriguing result that synchrotron-like radiation into photon pairs exhibits frequency correlations which can enable the realization of a heralded single photon frequency comb. We conclude with a general discussion of experimental viability, showing how solitons, ultrashort pulses, and nonlinear waveguides may enable pathways to realize this two-photon emission mechanism. For completeness, we discuss in the Supplementary Information how these effects, sensitive to the local density of photonic states, can be strongly enhanced using photonic nanostructures. As an example, we show that index modulations propagating near the surface of graphene produce entangled pairs of graphene plasmons with high efficiency, leading to additional experimental opportunities.
Control-oriented Reduced-order Models for Urea Selective Catalytic Reduction Systems Using a Physics-based Approach (2011)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Urea-selective catalytic reduction (SCR) after-treatment systems are used for reducing oxides of nitrogen (&lt;i&gt;NOx&lt;/i&gt;) emissions in medium and heavy duty diesel vehicles. This paper addresses control-oriented modeling, starting from first-principles, of SCR after-treatment systems. Appropriate simplifications are made to yield governing equations of the Urea-SCR. The resulting nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) are discretized and linearized to yield a family of linear finite-dimensional state-space models of the SCR at different operating points. It is further shown that this family of models can be reduced to three operating regions. Within each region, parametric dependencies of the system on physical mechanisms are derived. Further model reduction is shown to be possible in each of the three regions resulting in a second-order linear model with sufficient accuracy. These models together with structured parametric dependencies on operating conditions set the stage for a systematic advanced control design that can lead to a high &lt;i&gt;NOx&lt;/i&gt; conversion efficiency with minimal ammonia slip. All model properties are validated using simulation studies of a high fidelity nonlinear model of the Urea-SCR, and compared with experimental data from a flow-reactor.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Improvement of Mouse Memory by Myristica fragrans Seeds (2004)

Memory is one of the most complex functions of the brain and involves multiple neural pathways and neurotransmitter systems. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of Myristica fragrans (MF) seeds on learning and memory in mice. The n-hexane extract of MF was administered orally in three doses (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg p.o.) for 3 successive days to different groups of young and aged mice. The learning and memory parameters were assessed using elevated plus-maze and passive-avoidance apparatus. The effect of MF extract on scopolamine (0.4 mg/kg i.p.)- and diazepam (1 mg/kg i.p.)-induced impairment in learning and memory was also studied. MF extract at the lowest dose of 5 mg/kg p.o. administered for 3 successive days significantly improved learning and memory of young and aged mice. This extract also reversed scopolamine- and diazepam-induced impairment in learning and memory of young mice. MF extract enhanced learning and retention capacities of both young and aged mice. The exact mechanism of the memory-improving effect of MF extract was not explored in the present study. But, the observed memory-enhancing effect may be attributed to a variety of properties (individually or in combination) the plant is reported to possess, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, or perhaps procholinergic activity.
Loss of PIP5KIβ demonstrates that PIP5KI isoform-specific PIP 2 synthesis is required for IP 3 formation (2008)

The three isoforms of PIP5KI (alpha, beta, and gamma) synthesize PI4,5P(2) (PIP(2)) by phosphorylating PI4P. Therefore, it is not clear why platelets, like all eukaryotic cells, have more than one isoform. To test the hypothesis that PIP5KI isoforms have nonoverlapping functions, we generated a murine line containing a null mutation of PIP5KIbeta and analyzed the effect on platelet signaling. PIP5KIbeta-null mice had normal platelet counts. In contrast to platelets lacking PIP5KIalpha, platelets lacking PIP5KIbeta exhibited impaired aggregation accompanied by disaggregation. Although platelets lacking PIP5KIbeta had only a moderate deficiency of PIP(2) under basal conditions, they had a striking deficiency in PIP(2) synthesis and IP(3) formation after thrombin stimulation. We have also observed that platelets lacking both PIP5KIalpha and PIP5KIbeta have a complete loss of thrombin-induced IP(3) synthesis even though they still contain PIP5KIgamma, the predominant PIP5KI isoform in platelets. These results demonstrate that PIP5KIbeta, like PIP5KIalpha, contributes to the rapid synthesis of a pool of PIP(2) that is required for second-messenger formation, whereas the pool of PIP(2) synthesized by PIP5KIgamma does not contribute to this process. Additionally, we found that PIP5KIbeta-null platelets failed to form arterial thrombi properly in vivo. Together, these data demonstrate that PIP5KIbeta is required for rapid PIP(2) synthesis, second-messenger production, and stable platelet adhesion under shear in vivo. These results also demonstrate that after stimulation of a G protein-coupled receptor, IP(3) is completely derived from a rapidly synthesized discrete pool of PIP(2) synthesized by PIP5KIalpha and PIP5KIbeta.