gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental and computational investigations of the THz spectra of dipeptide nanotubes (2008)

Continuous wave THz spectroscopy has been used to obtain spectra for four isostructural dipeptide nanotubes at 4.2K from 2 cm<sup>-1</sup> to 100 cm<sup>-1</sup> (0.05 to 3 THz). Line-narrowing of spectral features by a factor of 2 to 4 is observed for the crystalline dipeptide films investigated by absorption spectroscopy using a plane parallel waveguide, compared to spectra from pressed disks of polyethylene-diluted samples. The x-ray determined crystal structures of these peptides formed the basis for a parallel computational investigation. Spectral predictions from the <i>ab initio</i> level computational package DMOL<sup>3</sup> and the empirical force field model CHARMM22 are compared to the experimentally obtained THz absorption spectra. The THz waveguide spectroscopy technique can provide information on the orientation-dependent dipole coupling of the vibrational modes, which can aid in validating computational models.
Level Densities and ?-Strength Functions in Rare Earth Nuclei (2000)

We present a new method to extract level density and γ-strength function from primary γ-spectra. We will focus on the 162Dy(3He, 3He')162Dy reaction, deduce temperature and heat capacity within the microcanonical and canonical ensemble theory and investigate the γ-strength function properties as function of temperature.
Local cerebral glucose metabolic response to audiovisual stimulation and deprivation: studies in human subjects with positron CT. (1983)

Positron computed tomography (CT) and 18-F fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) were used to measure local cerebral glucose metabolism (LCMRGlc) in patients and normal subjects during auditory and visual stimulation and deprivation. Sixty-six studies were performed in 42 individuals. In normal subjects metabolic left-right symmetry was found in states of partial (eyes patched or ears plugged) sensory deprivation. Visual stimuli of increasing complexity produced symmetric increases in LCMRGlc of the primary and associative visual cortices. Patients with lesions of the visual pathway but sparing the visual cortex demonstrated abnormalities in visual cortical LCMRGlc that correlated with clinical symptoms. Auditory stimulation studies in normal subjects demonstrated metabolic evidence of hemispheric specialization. The side (left versus right) and site of maximal metabolic response correlated with the type (verbal versus nonverbal) and content (factual story, chords, tone sequences) of the stimulus as well as the strategy used by the subject to solve the listening task. There was no correlation between the site of metabolic response and side of stimulus presentation. The results of these studies demonstrate that positron CT provides new and previously unattainable information about local human brain physiology in normal and pathological states. The limitations, advantages and future prospects of using these methods to study human brain function are discussed.
The intact nephron hypothesis: the concept and its implications for phosphate management in CKD-related mineral and bone disorder (2011)

Mechanistic understanding of secondary hyperparathyroidism, vascular calcification, and regulation of phosphate metabolism in chronic kidney disease (CKD) has advanced significantly in the past five decades. In 1960, Bricker developed the 'intact nephron hypothesis', opening the door for hundreds of investigations. He emphasized that 'as the number of functioning nephrons decreases, each remaining nephron must perform a greater fraction of total renal excretion'. Phosphate per se, independent of Ca(2+) and calcitriol, directly affects the development of parathyroid gland hyperplasia and secondary hyperparathyroidism. Vitamin D receptor, Ca(2+) sensing receptor, and Klotho-fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor-1 complex are all significantly decreased in the parathyroid glands of patients with CKD. Duodenal instillation of phosphate rapidly decreases parathyroid hormone release without changes in calcium or calcitriol. The same procedure also rapidly increases renal phosphate excretion independently of FGF-23, suggesting the possibility of an 'intestinal phosphatonin'. These observations suggest a possible 'phosphate sensor' in the parathyroid glands and gastrointestinal tract, although as yet there is no proof for the existence of such a sensor. Evidence shows that phosphate has a key role in parathyroid hyperplasia by activating the transforming growth factor-α-epidermal growth factor receptor complex. Thus, control of serum phosphorus early in the course of CKD will significantly ameliorate the pathological manifestations observed during progressive deterioration of renal function.
Microgeographical Differences of Plasmodium vivax Relapse and Re-Infection in the Peruvian Amazon (2013)

To determine the magnitude of Plasmodium vivax relapsing malaria in rural Amazonia, we carried out a study in four sites in northeastern Peru. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism of PvMSP-3α and tandem repeat (TR) markers were compared for their ability to distinguish relapse versus reinfection. Of 1,507 subjects with P. vivax malaria, 354 developed > 1 episode during the study; 97 of 354 (27.5%) were defined as relapse using Pvmsp-3α alone. The addition of TR polymorphism analysis significantly reduced the number of definitively defined relapses to 26 of 354 (7.4%) (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression modeling showed that the probability of having > 1 infection was associated with the following: subjects in Mazan (odds ratio [OR] = 2.56; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.87, 3.51), 15-44 years of age (OR = 1.49; 95% CI 1.03, 2.15), traveling for job purposes (OR = 1.45; 95%CI 1.03, 2.06), and travel within past month (OR = 1.46; 95% CI 1.0, 2.14). The high discriminatory capacity of the molecular tools shown here is useful for understanding the micro-geography of malaria transmission.
Effect of the dissolution contrast on process margins in 193-nm lithography (1998)

We examine the process margins of chemically amplified ArF resists designed for the single layer process. We measured the dissolution characteristics and investigated how the dissolution contrast affected the lithographic performance. We confirmed that high dissolution contrast can improve both the resolution and process margin. A 0.13 micrometers line and space pattern can be obtained. However, the depth of focus is not good enough for device fabrication. To achieve an acceptable process margin, we applied resolution enhancement techniques to the high-contrast resist. Applying off-axis illumination and an attenuated phase-shifting mask can greatly improve the process margin. 1.2 micrometers and 0.8 micrometers defocus margins were obtained at 0.15 and 0.13 micrometers line and space patterns, respectively.
Efficacy of esomeprazole for resolution of symptoms of heartburn and acid regurgitation in continuous users of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (2006)

Heartburn and regurgitation are common in patients taking NSAIDs and esomeprazole is efficacious for resolution of these symptoms.
Laser Processing of Liquid Crystal Droplets with Diverse Internal Structures (2023)

To control the spatial placement and organize micro/nanodroplets (NDs) has fundamental importance both in science and engineering. Cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) droplets with topological diversity can offer many self-assembly modalities to arrange guest NDs in their spherical confinement; however, limited progress has been achieved due to difficulties of loading NDs into stabilized host droplets. Here, a laser injection technique is introduced, through which a controlled number of NDs were injected from a pre-selected location onto the surface of the host droplet. The sequentially injected NDs spontaneously drifted toward areas with topological defects and self-assembled along its geometry or local director field into a predefined shape. Within CLC droplets with different topological structures, guest NDs self-assembled near areas with defect points as twisting radial chains and quill-like assembly structures, and along defect lines as discrete beads and helical threads, respectively. The injection speed of the NDs, controlled by laser power, was found to play a key role in the assembly geometry of NDs as well as the internal structure of the CLC droplet processed. This study expands our abilities to precisely organize NDs in a spherical confinement and such droplet-based microsystems have potential applications for sensors, photonic devices, pharmaceuticals, and biotechnology.
Site-specific wideband and narrowband modeling of indoor radio channel using ray-tracing (2002)

Wideband and narrowband statistical modeling of radio power in an indoor environment is presented using ray-tracing (RT) software. The power delay profile, which represents the wideband characteristics, is estimated from the irregularly discrete channel profiles generated by the RT using three different techniques. The shape of the profile is found to be dependent on the location of the receiver. The amplitude of the individual path is shown to be a log-normal random variable. A new method is proposed to predict the received power, which represents the narrowband characteristics, based on the statistical description of the RT simulation. A comparison between the RT prediction and the new method shows a great deal of agreement.
The antiretrovirus drug 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine increases the retrovirus mutation rate (1997)

It was previously observed that the nucleoside analog 5-azacytidine increased the spleen necrosis virus (SNV) mutation rate 13-fold in one cycle of retrovirus replication (V. K. Pathak and H. M. Temin, J. Virol. 66:3093-3100, 1992). Based on this observation, we hypothesized that nucleoside analogs used as antiviral drugs may also increase retrovirus mutation rates. We sought to determine if 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT), the primary treatment for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, increases the retrovirus mutation rate. Two assays were used to determine the effects of AZT on retrovirus mutation rates. The strategy of the first assay involved measuring the in vivo rate of inactivation of the lacZ gene in one replication cycle of SNV- and murine leukemia virus-based retroviral vectors. We observed 7- and 10-fold increases in the SNV mutant frequency following treatment of target cells with 0.1 and 0.5 microM AZT, respectively. The murine leukemia virus mutant frequency increased two- and threefold following treatment of target cells with 0.5 and 1.0 microM AZT, respectively. The second assay used an SNV-based shuttle vector containing the lacZ alpha gene. Proviruses were recovered as plasmids in Escherichia coli, and the rate of inactivation of lacZ alpha was measured. The results indicated that treatment of target cells increased the overall mutation rate two- to threefold. DNA sequence analysis of mutant proviruses indicated that AZT increased both the deletion and substitution rates. These results suggest that AZT treatment of HIV-1 infection may increase the degree of viral variation and alter virus evolution or pathogenesis.
Intelligent system for optoelectronic surface vibration testing (2004)

Described are results of creation and application of an optoelectronic system, intended for measurements of field of vibrations of objects with complicated surface structure. Principle of vibration measurements is based on displacement measurements of an optical image of the object. Discussed are investigations of errors compensation, which take place because of variations of objects' size and shape, as objects usually emit or reflect different amount of light. Without using of compensation the total error would be about hundreds of percent. This is why all kinds of measurement errors were analyzed, classified, mathematically modeled and there were created special loops for errors compensation. As a result total error of measurement was less that 15% for all conditions of practical usage. In this paper presented also are results of implementation of half-automatical algorithm for adaptation to different kinds of objects during scanning of the object's surface. Discussed are principles of classification of various types of "light functions", specific for various types of objects.
Effect of KNO3 Molten Bath Na Enrichment on the Mechanical Performances of Ion-exchanged Soda-Lime-Silicate Glass (2015)

Systematic doping of pure molten KNO3 bath by sodium nitride was used to analyze the effect of salt poisoning on the mechanical performances of chemically tempered soda-lime-silicate float glass. The ion-exchange process appears partially influenced by the presence of limited amount of Na in the potassium nitride bath. The interdiffusion coefficient and the penetration depth of K are invariant for NaNO3 content up to 5 wt%; conversely, the surface concentration of potassium scales with the purity of the bath, and this accounts for different compressive residual stress. Nevertheless, the overall reinforcement associated to the final strength does not show clear dependence on the used bath mainly because of the large scatter in the surface flaws sizes, as typically observed in glass.
Current State of Imaging Protein-Protein Interactions In Vivo with Genetically Encoded Reporters (2007)

Signaling pathways regulating proliferation, differentiation, and inflammation are commonly mediated through protein-protein interactions as well as reversible modification (e.g., phosphorylation) of proteins. To facilitate the study of regulated protein-protein interactions in cells and living animals, new imaging tools, many based on optical signals and capable of quantifying protein interactions in vivo, have advanced the study of induced protein interactions and their modification, as well as accelerated the rate of acquisition of these data. In particular, use of protein fragment complementation as a reporter strategy can accurately and rapidly dissect protein interactions with a variety of readouts, including absorbance, fluorescence, and bioluminescence. This review focuses on the development and validation of bioluminescent protein fragment complementation reporters that use either Renilla luciferase or firefly luciferase in vivo. Enhanced luciferase complementation provides a platform for near real-time detection and characterization of regulated and small-molecule-induced protein-protein interactions in intact cells and living animals and enables a wide range of novel applications in drug discovery, chemical genetics, and proteomics research.
Safety enhancing D and D technologies (2000)

The Deactivation and Decommissioning Focus Area within the US Department of Energy's (DOE's) Environmental Management Program has been evaluating the performance of innovative and improved decontamination and decommissioning (D and D) technologies in seven large-scale demonstration and deployment projects (LSDDPs). These seven LSDDPs are as follows: (1) Argonne Chicago Pile 5 Research Reactor; (2) Fernald Plant 1 Uranium Processing Facility; (3) Hanford C Production Reactor; (4) Mound Tritium Facilities; (5) Los Alamos National Laboratory Plutonium Glove Boxes; (6) Idaho National Environmental and Engineering Laboratory Underwater reactors; and (7) Savannah River Site Fuel Fabrication Facility 321-M. In LSDDPs, innovative/improved D and D technologies are evaluated alongside the competing baseline technologies for specific applications within DOE's ongoing decommissioning projects. Technologies are evaluated for their potential to reduce cost, improve safety, reduce radiation dose, accelerate schedule, and minimize waste. This paper identifies innovative/improved technologies that were demonstrated to have superior safety features compared to their competing baseline technologies. Safety improvements include eliminating workers at heights, reducing tripping hazards, suppressing noise, reducing airborne particulate, eliminating thermal hazards, minimizing pinch points, reducing vibration, reducing heat stress, reducing fatigue, isolating workers from areas with high radiation, and monitoring of health and safety of workers in the more » field. « less
Drug-refractory chronic schizophrenics: doses and plasma concentrations of thiothixene. (1984)

Some treatment-resistant schizophrenics will respond to rather large doses of thiothixene, such as 120 to 400 mg/day. These patients also show higher plasma concentrations (24 to 57 ng/ml) of the drug than those who respond less well. Patients tolerated this intensive treatment equally well as more conservative programs. Chronic refractory schizophrenics may benefit from such intensive treatment in the short term, but one cannot yet be certain about long-term effects.
An alternate pathway for the processing of the prolipoprotein signal peptide in Escherichia coli. (1985)

Previous studies showed that when the signal sequence plus 9 amino acid residues from the amino terminus of the major lipoprotein of Escherichia coli was fused to beta-lactamase, the resulting hybrid protein was modified, proteolytically processed, and assembled into the outer membrane as was the wild-type lipoprotein (Ghrayeb, J., and Inouye, M. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 463-467). We have constructed several hybrid proteins with mutations at the cleavage site of the prolipoprotein signal peptide. These mutations are known to block the lipid modification of the lipoprotein at the cysteine residue, resulting in the accumulation of unprocessed, unmodified prolipoprotein in the outer membrane. The mutations blocked the lipid modification of the hybrid protein. However, in contrast to the mutant lipoproteins, the cleavage of the signal peptides for the mutant hybrid proteins did occur, although less efficiently than the unaltered prolipo-beta-lactamase. The mutant prolipo-beta-lactamase proteins were cleaved at a site 5 amino acid residues downstream of the prolipoprotein signal peptide cleavage site. This new cleavage between alanine and lysine residues was resistant to globomycin, a specific inhibitor for signal peptidase II. This indicates that signal peptidase II, the signal peptidase which cleaves the unaltered prolipo-beta-lactamase, is not responsible for the new cleavage. The results demonstrate that the cleavage of the signal peptide is a flexible process that can occur by an alternative pathway when the normal processing pathway is blocked.
Design Parameters for Integrated Urban Communications (1970)

A CATV system can be converted into an integrated CATV/Pay TV/Audience Rating/Audience Response system by providing for two-way transmission on the cable network and connecting, at each home TV set, a program selector unit that is arranged to generate signals indicative of the program selected and also subscriber response signals for TV shopping, opinion surveys, TV auctions, etc. These identification and response signals are sent back down the cable network to a central office interrogation system which is computer-controlled. A proposed design that meets specified system requirements for these new services would cost approximately $50 per subscriber more than a CATV system alone.
Trichloroisocyanuric Acid Promoted Cascade Cyclization/Trifluoromethylation of Allylic Oximes: Synthesis of Trifluoromethylated Isoxazolines (2017)

Cheap and commercially available trichloroisocyanuric acid has been used to promote trifluoromethylation by using TMSCF<sub>3</sub> as the trifluoromethyl source. The method provides a novel and efficient protocol for the construction of CF<sub>3</sub>-containing 4,5-dihydroisoxazoles from allylic oximes in good to excellent yields.
High-Throughput Sequencing Reveals Circulating miRNAs as Potential Biomarkers for Measuring Puberty Onset in Chicken (Gallus gallus) (2016)

There are still no highly sensitive and unique biomarkers for measurement of puberty onset. Circulating miRNAs have been shown to be promising biomarkers for diagnosis of various diseases. To identify circulating miRNAs that could be served as biomarkers for measuring chicken (Gallus gallus) puberty onset, the Solexa deep sequencing was performed to analyze the miRNA expression profiles in serum and plasma of hens from two different pubertal stages, before puberty onset (BO) and after puberty onset (AO). 197 conserved and 19 novel miRNAs (reads > 10) were identified as serum/plasma-expressed miRNAs in the chicken. The common miRNA amounts and their expression changes from BO to AO between serum and plasma were very similar, indicating the different treatments to generate serum and plasma had quite small influence on the miRNAs. 130 conserved serum-miRNAs were showed to be differentially expressed (reads > 10, P < 0.05) from BO to AO, with 68 up-regulated and 62 down-regulated. 4829 putative genes were predicted as the targets of the 40 most differentially expressed miRNAs (|log2(fold-change)|>1.0, P < 0.01). Functional analysis revealed several pathways that were associated with puberty onset. Further quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) test found that a seven-miRNA panel, including miR-29c, miR-375, miR-215, miR-217, miR-19b, miR-133a and let-7a, had great potentials to serve as novel biomarkers for measuring puberty onset in chicken. Due to highly conserved nature of miRNAs, the findings could provide cues for measurement of puberty onset in other animals as well as humans.
3D Convolutional Neural Networks for Efficient and Robust Hand Pose Estimation from Single Depth Images (2017)

We propose a simple, yet effective approach for real-time hand pose estimation from single depth images using three-dimensional Convolutional Neural Networks (3D CNNs). Image based features extracted by 2D CNNs are not directly suitable for 3D hand pose estimation due to the lack of 3D spatial information. Our proposed 3D CNN taking a 3D volumetric representation of the hand depth image as input can capture the 3D spatial structure of the input and accurately regress full 3D hand pose in a single pass. In order to make the 3D CNN robust to variations in hand sizes and global orientations, we perform 3D data augmentation on the training data. Experiments show that our proposed 3D CNN based approach outperforms state-of-the-art methods on two challenging hand pose datasets, and is very efficient as our implementation runs at over 215 fps on a standard computer with a single GPU.
Efficient construction of approximate call graphs for JavaScript IDE services (2013)

The rapid rise of JavaScript as one of the most popular programming languages of the present day has led to a demand for sophisticated IDE support similar to what is available for Java or C#. However, advanced tooling is hampered by the dynamic nature of the language, which makes any form of static analysis very difficult. We single out efficient call graph construction as a key problem to be solved in order to improve development tools for JavaScript. To address this problem, we present a scalable field-based flow analysis for constructing call graphs. Our evaluation on large real-world programs shows that the analysis, while in principle unsound, produces highly accurate call graphs in practice. Previous analyses do not scale to these programs, but our analysis handles them in a matter of seconds, thus proving its suitability for use in an interactive setting.