gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An optofluidic dye concentration detector based on the pulsed photoacoustic effect (2021)

We report the development of an opto-acousto-fluidic platform by combining an illumination source in the form of a pulsed laser, a microfluidic channel, and an ultrasound transducer to detect photoacoustic signals generated from the fluid sample inside the channel. We study the effect of the channel dimensions on the emitted acoustic signals using methylene blue solution, a dye of immense interest in processing industry, as a target fluid and select an appropriate channel for further studies. We vary the concentration of the methylene blue dye and collect the corresponding photoacoustic signals. We find that the measured acoustic signal strength varies linearly with the increasing dye concentration, thus making this measurement scheme a potential dye concentration detector. This is a significant finding as it paves the way for developing a miniaturized photoacoustic detector for onsite sensing of dye concentration and perhaps even an online monitoring system which will be radical departure for current analysis methods using bench top bulky and expensive analytical tools.
1H and 15N Assignments and Secondary Structure of the Starch‐Binding Domain of Glucoamylase from Aspergillus niger (1995)

1H and 15N NMR resonance assignments of the granular starch-binding domain (SBD) of glucoamylase from Aspergillus niger have been made by multi-dimensional homonuclear and heteronuclear NMR techniques. Secondary structure analysis based on chemical shifts, 1H-1H NOEs, coupling constants and backbone amide exchange data indicates the presence of a well-defined beta-sheet structure. This consists of one parallel and five antiparallel pairs of beta-strands forming two beta-sheets. Cis-trans isomerisation of proline residues and O-glycosylation of threonine residues are observed and compared between the proteolytically derived SBD fragment and the recombinant protein. Structural features of the SBD in solution were compared to the X-ray crystal structure of a homologous domain of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase from Bacillus circulans. There are some differences in the locations of the start and end of beta-strands but overall the two structures are very similar. This study will form the basis for the structure determination of the granular SBD and of its complexes.
Frontispiece: Biomacromolecule‐Fueled Transient Volume Phase Transition of a Hydrogel (2022)

Hydrogels. In their Communication (e202205125), Michiya Matsusaki et al. describe a metabolic-cycle-inspired hydrogel that exhibits a biomacromolecule-fueled volume phase transition. The hydrogel was prepared by introducing two inherently connected functions, affinity and digestive capacity for fuel.
3D printed self-glazing ceramics: Process and materials development (2015)

David Huson and Katie Vaughan and colleagues at the Centre for Fine Print Research at the University of the West of England are continuing their research into the 3D printing of ceramic bodies by investigating the possibilities of using techniques developed by the ancient Egyptians to produce a 3D printed ceramic body that will glaze itself during a single firing process. The Centre for Fine Print Research at the University of the West of England has funding from the Arts and Humanities Research Council for a three year research project entitled "Can Egyptian Paste Techniques (Faience) be used for 3D printed, Solid Free-form Fabrication of Ceramics?" Now in the final year of the project this research aims to create a set of functional ceramic materials through a process based upon historic Egyptian Faience techniques, which will allow ceramic artists, designers and craftspeople to 3D print actual objects in a material that can be glazed and vitrified in one firing; a breakthrough for ceramic design and manufacture. The two methods used in ancient Egypt to enable self-glazing in one firing are efflorescence glazing and cementation glazing: In efflorescence glazing soluble salts are introduced in to the body mix, after forming and during the drying stage these salts migrate to the surface of the formed article and during firing fuse and react with the body materials to form a glaze on the surface, by introducing colouring oxides such as cobalt, iron, manganese or copper into the mix a range of coloured glazes can be produced. In cementation glazing the article that has been formed is surrounded in a saggar (a refractory box used to support and protect a ceramic object during firing) by a powder consisting of a glaze precursor, during the firing process a reaction takes place between the ceramic article and the glaze precursor powder and a glaze is formed on to the surface of the ceramic article, the firing temperature is below the melting temperature of the glazing powder so that the glazed ceramic article can be removed from the powder bed in which it was fired. This paper will describe the development of a 3D printable ceramic body with a glaze precursor powder for the cementation glazing process. (the initial development work was described in a paper presented at DF2014) The process parameters, formulations and 3D printing settings required will be detailed and images and examples of artefacts made by this process will be included. This is a new area of research to create a functional 3D printed real ceramic material through a process based upon historic Egyptian Faience techniques, which will allow ceramic artists and designers to 3D print objects in a material that can be glazed and vitrified in one low temperature energy efficient firing process, a potential breakthrough for ceramic design and manufacture which will be applicable to the arts and wider industries.
INVESTIGATING THE USE OF AUGMENTED REALITY IN THE DESIGN FOR ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING (2022)

Additive Manufacturing (AM) has a great potential of disrupting product design and supply chains in many industries by means of its unique capabilities when compared to traditional manufacturing.A wide range of designers would like to take advantage of AM to improve their designs, but they need assistance in learning and breaking out of their conventional manufacturing mindset in the early phases of the design process.Therefore, this study explores the role of Augmented Reality (AR) as a tool for visualization of 3D models to be printed using AM.Specifically, it aims to enhance the learning experience of the existing Design Heuristics for Additive Manufacturing using Design for Additive Manufacturing (DfAM) cards which are focused on transferring early design phase-relevant AMprocess independent knowledge and capabilities to both novice and experienced designers.In this study, we propose a modification of DfAM cards to include AR markers into the existing card design and hence provide a comprehensive visualization along with the information about heuristics and examples on the DfAM cards.This helps the user to understand the real-world structure of the final printed product before it is being printed.The cross-platform game engine Unity is used for developing the AR models for this research.We also investigate the advantages that Augmented Reality can provide as a visual interface.An expert review is conducted to obtain feedbacks on the developed application and the new design of the cards.
Tribological Behavior of Amorphous Carbon Nitride Overcoats for Magnetic Thin-Film Rigid Disks (1996)

Abstract Amorphous carbon nitride coatings of thickness of 5 and 30 nm were deposited onto 65 and 95 mm magnetic thin-film rigid disks surfaces using single-cathode and dual-cathode magnetron sputtering systems containing nitrogen-argon plasmas. Under optimum deposition conditions, amorphous carbon nitride coatings can be synthesized on ultrasmooth thin-film disks with no significant pinholes at thickness down to 5 nm, with hardness 22–28 GPa (compared to 7–12 GPa for amorphous carbon), and r.m.s. roughness as low as 0.25 nm. These amorphous carbon nitride coatings were shown to have better contact-start-stop performance and three-to-four times better pin-on-disk contact durability compared with amorphous carbon overcoats under identical testing conditions. Amorphous carbon nitride appears to be a promising candidate overcoat material for replacing amorphous carbon in the next-generation magnetic thin-film rigid disk systems.
On the merits of using angled fiber tips in office-based laser surgery of the vocal folds (2021)

Office-based endoscopic laser surgery is an increasingly popular option for the treatment of many benign and premalignant tumors of the vocal folds. While these procedures have been shown to be generally safe and effective, recent clinical studies have revealed that there are a number of challenging locations inside the larynx where laser light cannot be easily delivered due to line-of-sight limitations. In this paper, we explore whether these challenges can be overcome through the use of side-firing laser fibers. Our study is conducted in simulation, using three-dimensional models of the human larynx generated from X-ray microtomography scans. Using computer graphics techniques (ray-casting), we simulate the application of laser pulses with different types of laser fibers and compare the total anatomical coverage attained by each fiber. We consider four fiber types: a traditional “forward-looking” fiber - not unlike the ones currently used in clinical practice - and three side-firing fibers that emit light at an angle of 45, 70, and 90 degrees, respectively. Results show that side-firing fibers enable a ∼70% increase in accessible anatomy compared to forward-looking fibers.
A Nonsmooth Dynamical Systems Perspective on Accelerated Extensions of ADMM (2023)

Recently, there has been great interest in connections between continuous-time dynamical systems and optimization methods, notably in the context of accelerated methods for smooth and unconstrained problems. In this article, we extend this perspective to nonsmooth and constrained problems by obtaining differential inclusions associated with novel accelerated variants of the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). Through a Lyapunov analysis, we derive rates of convergence for these dynamical systems in different settings that illustrate an interesting tradeoff between decaying versus constant damping strategies. We also obtain modified equations capturing fine-grained details of these methods, which have improved stability and preserve the leading-order convergence rates. An extension to general nonlinear equality and inequality constraints in connection with singular perturbation theory is provided.
Clinical Engineering in Neurophysiology (1998)

An object-oriented architecture, in which neurophysiological signal processing algorithms can rapidly be evaluated on a clinical basis, is presented. The architecture is based on three main objects dedicated to file management, data representation and data visualization. The latter object instantiates a “server” object able to establish data transfers with any signal processing program containing a provided “client” object. The implementation of this architecture on a workstation led to the development of a research platform able to dynamically load and easily use signal processing programs. This adaptive aspect makes the platform an efficient clinical diagnostic tool, as well as a good system for research purposes.
Doublets Initiating Low Frequency Stimulation Improve Dynamic Contractility Without Exacerbating Fatigue (2019)

PURPOSE: Doublets, two action potentials (AP) with a very short inter-impulse interval, frequently occur initially in impulse trains from motor nerves during muscle activation. Such doublets improve dynamic contractile parameters such as rate of force development (RFD), velocity and power. In addition, previous studies have shown delayed fatigue development from repeated isometric contractions when a doublet initiates a sub-tetanic train compared with constant frequency stimulation. However, these comparisons were not matched for impulse number, train duration and work, which may have confounded the interpretations. Furthermore, it is unknown how doublets would affect endurance during dynamic contractions. We, therefore, compared the development of fatigue from repeated shortening contractions activated with doublet-initiated sub-tetanic train (DT) or constant-frequency sub-tetanic train (CFT) using protocols matched for work, AP and train duration. METHODS: EDL muscles were isolated from 4 week old rats and incubated at 30°C in Krebs Ringer buffer. To induce fatigue, 100 shortening contractions were elicited either by a doublet-initiated sub-tetanic train (DT; 60 Hz) or a constant-frequency sub-tetanic train (CFT; 71 Hz). Contractions in the two groups were matched for work, train duration and pulse number. Isometric contractility was tested before and immediately after fatigue. RESULTS: Work of each contraction was similar in DT- and CFT-stimulated muscles both initially (368 ± 10 vs 369 ± 13 μJ, respectively) and after 100 fatiguing contractions (202 ± 9 vs 193 ± 8 μJ, respectively). However the contraction force and shortening developed faster in the DT-fatigued than the CFT-fatigued muscles: Initial values (RFD 20 ± 0.7 vs 13 ± 0.3 N/s and shortening velocity 48 ± 2 vs 41 ± 1); fatigued values (RFD 16 ± 0.7 vs 10 ± 0.4 N/s, velocity 29 ± 2 vs 23 ±1 mm/s ). Isometric tetanic force was equally affected in both groups; DT-fatigued muscles decreased to 73 ± 2 % and CFT-fatigued muscles to 75 ± 1 % of initial force. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that during repeated contractions matched for total work, stimulation duration and pulse number, an initiation by a doublet does not exacerbate fatigue development, but provides an activation strategy for muscles to produce a higher RFD and shortening velocity.
Low loss recursive filters for basestation applications without spurious modes (2006)

In SAW filters spurious waveguide modes may seriously affect the performance: Undesired lobes in the upper pass- or stopband and ripples in the group delay are typical for devices suffering from waveguiding effects. In order to suppress spurious modes and to excite only the fundamental symmetric mode various approaches as overlap weighting or sawtooth shaping of the busbars in order to destroy the waveguide have been applied. Alternatively recently it was suggested to employ the first antisymmetric mode by splitting the acoustic track into two subtracks, which are longitudinally shifted by half a wavelength with respect to each other. The very reason of the excitation of higher modes is, however, the fact that the excitation profile is of different shape than the fundamental symmetric or antisymmetric mode. In most cases the excitation profile is of rectangular shape while the waveguide modes usually are of sinusoidal shape. While the approaches of prior arts aimed at changing the excitation profile to maximize excitation of the fundamental symmetric or antisymmetric mode we suggest an approach where the waveguide is changed in order to shape the fundamental symmetric mode rectangularly. The approach is applied to low loss recursive inline filters which are employed as intermediate frequency filters in GSM infrastructure systems. The method proves to be particulary successful in reducing group delay ripple and sidelobes. I. INTRODUCTION Spurious modes are a serious problem in SAW filters. They may lead to ripples in the passband, distortions of the group delay time and reduced out of band suppression.
Effect of Lipoxygenase Oxidation on Surface Deposition of Unsaturated Fatty Acids (2017)

We studied the interactions of lipid molecules (linoleic acid, glycerol trilinoleate and a complex mixture of wood extractives) with hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces (cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), respectively). The effect of lipoxygenase treatment to minimize the affinity of the lipids with the given surface was considered. Application of an electroacoustic sensing technique (QCM) allowed the monitoring of the kinetics of oxidation as well as dynamics of lipid deposition on CNF and PET. The effect of the lipoxygenase enzymes (LOX) was elucidated with regards to their ability to reduce the formation of soiling lipid layers. The results pointed to the fact that the rate of colloidal oxidation depended on the type of lipid substrate. The pretreatment of the lipids with LOX reduced substantially their affinity to the surfaces, especially PET. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensograms confirmed the effect of oxidation in decreasing the extent of deposition on the hydrophilic CNF. QCM energy dissipation analyses revealed the possible presence of a loosely adsorbed lipid layer on the PET surface. The morphology of the deposits accumulated on the solids was determined by atomic force microscopy and indicated important changes upon lipid treatment with LOX. The results highlighted the benefit of enzyme as a biobased treatment to reduce hydrophobic interactions, thus providing a viable solution to the control of lipid deposition from aqueous media.
Interplay between Cellular Uptake, Intracellular Localization and the Cell Death Mechanism in Triphenylamine-Mediated Photoinduced Cell Death (2020)

Triphenylamines (TPAs) were previously shown to trigger cell death under prolonged one- or two-photon illumination. Their initial subcellular localization, before prolonged illumination, is exclusively cytoplasmic and they translocate to the nucleus upon photoactivation. However, depending on their structure, they display significant differences in terms of precise initial localization and subsequent photoinduced cell death mechanism. Here, we investigated the structural features of TPAs that influence cell death by studying a series of molecules differing by the number and chemical nature of vinyl branches. All compounds triggered cell death upon one-photon excitation, however to different extents, the nature of the electron acceptor group being determinant for the overall cell death efficiency. Photobleaching susceptibility was also an important parameter for discriminating efficient/inefficient compounds in two-photon experiments. Furthermore, the number of branches, but not their chemical nature, was crucial for determining the cellular uptake mechanism of TPAs and their intracellular fate. The uptake of all TPAs is an active endocytic process but two- and three-branch compounds are taken up via distinct endocytosis pathways, clathrin-dependent or -independent (predominantly caveolae-dependent), respectively. Two-branch TPAs preferentially target mitochondria and photoinduce both apoptosis and a proper necrotic process, whereas three-branch TPAs preferentially target late endosomes and photoinduce apoptosis only.
5 ras Oncogenes (1989)

I. DISCOVERY OF ras GENES ras oncogenes were first recognized as the transforming genes of Harvey and Kirsten murine sarcoma viruses (Ha-MSV, Ki-MSV). These highly oncogenic retroviruses were generated during passage of murine leukemia viruses through laboratory strains of rats (Harvey 1964; Kirsten and Mayer 1967). Subsequent molecular analysis showed that Ha-MSV and Ki-MSV contained sequences in their genomes that were not present in the genomes of the parental viruses; these newly acquired sequences appeared to be the result of viral transduction of cellular genes and were thus likely to be responsible for oncogenic transformation. This was directly confirmed when it was shown that subgenomic fragments of Ha-MSV containing only cell-derived sequences were able to transform cells (Chang et al. 1980; De Feo et al. 1981; Ellis et al. 1981). The proteins produced by Ha-MSV and Ki-MSV were identified using antibodies from rats bearing tumors induced by these viruses; these antibodies reacted with a 21,000-dalton phosphoprotein (p21) produced by Ha-MSV transformed cells. The gene for Ha-MSV p21 was mapped to the region of viral DNA known to be of cellular origin. Furthermore, p21 proteins could be detected in normal, untransformed cells (Langbeheim et al. 1980). Therefore, it was concluded that the p21 gene was the oncogene of Ha-MSV and Ki-MSV (and other closely related viruses) and that this oncogene was derived from a proto-oncogenic form present in normal cells. The genes encoding p21 proteins are now referred to as ras genes (from rat sarcoma genes). Since these early studies, the...
In-bore setup and software for 3T MRI-guided transperineal prostate biopsy (2012)

MRI-guided prostate biopsy in conventional closed-bore scanners requires transferring the patient outside the bore during needle insertion due to the constrained in-bore space, causing a safety hazard and limiting image feedback. To address this issue, we present our custom-made in-bore setup and software to support MRI-guided transperineal prostate biopsy in a wide-bore 3 T MRI scanner. The setup consists of a specially designed tabletop and a needle-guiding template with a Z-frame that gives a physician access to the perineum of the patient at the imaging position and allows the physician to perform MRI-guided transperineal biopsy without moving the patient out of the scanner. The software and Z-frame allow registration of the template, target planning and biopsy guidance. Initially, we performed phantom experiments to assess the accuracy of template registration and needle placement in a controlled environment. Subsequently, we embarked on our clinical trial (N = 10). The phantom experiments showed that the translational errors of the template registration along the right-left (RP) and anterior-posterior (AP) axes were 1.1 ± 0.8 and 1.4 ± 1.1 mm, respectively, while the rotational errors around the RL, AP and superior-inferior axes were (0.8 ± 1.0)°, (1.7 ± 1.6)° and (0.0 ± 0.0)°, respectively. The 2D root-mean-square (RMS) needle-placement error was 3 mm. The clinical biopsy procedures were safely carried out in all ten clinical cases with a needle-placement error of 5.4 mm (2D RMS). In conclusion, transperineal prostate biopsy in a wide-bore 3T scanner is feasible using our custom-made tabletop setup and software, which supports manual needle placement without moving the patient out of the magnet.
Right Ventricular Infarction (2012)

Abstract Isolated right ventricular myocardial infarction is rare, but an estimated 30% of patients with acute inferior myocardial infarction have clinical or echocardiographic evidence of right ventricular dysfunction or infarction. Right ventricular infarction is frequently underdiagnosed and is associated with an increased in-hospital mortality compared with inferior wall myocardial infarction in patients with preserved right ventricular function. Many studies have shown that patients with right ventricular infarction are a unique subgroup with a distinctive clinical presentation, treatment, and prognosis. Resolution of right ventricular dysfunction is common among patients who survive right ventricular infarction.