gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isolation, by affinity chromatography and gel filtration in 8 m-urea, of an active subunit from the anti-(blood-group A+N)-specific lectin of Moluccella laevis (1992)

The lectin from Moluccella laevis seeds agglutinates specifically blood-type-A and -N erythrocytes, and both activities are inhibited by micromolar concentrations of N-acetyl-D-galactosamine. The lectin consists of three subunits: a 67 kDa heterodimer, made up of two S-S-linked polypeptides of 28 and 46 kDa, and two non-covalently linked moieties of 26 and 42 kDa, the latter migrating after reduction with an apparent molecular mass of 46 kDa. Here we demonstrate that affinity chromatography of a crude protein fraction from M. laevis seeds on immobilized D-galactose in the presence of 8 M-urea affords a fully active lectin practically devoid of the 42 kDa subunit. We also present data showing that the 26 kDa subunit is devoid of cysteine residues, that the 28 kDa subunit contains two cysteine residues engaged in S-S bonds with the 46 kDa subunit, and that the latter has, in addition, two intramolecular cystine residues. Gel filtration on Sephadex G-150 in 8 M-urea/0.2 M-D-galactose of the lectin, affinity-purified in the presence of urea, afforded a pure 26 kDa subunit which exhibited both anti-A and anti-N activity, as well as high specificity for N-acetyl-D-galactosamine. In addition to demonstrating that the lectin is unusually stable and retains its carbohydrate-binding activity in 8 M-urea, our findings also show that the activity for different blood groups resides in the same subunit.
Intellectual Formations (2013)

Anthurium: A Caribbean Studies Journal includes scholarship on the work of visual artists, commentary on current issues in Caribbean studies and travelogues. Anthurium remains committed to bridging the digital divide by making peer reviewed, scholarly articles and creative writing available to teachers, students, scholars and persons interested in Caribbean literature and culture worldwide without fee based subscriptions. We would like to thank those of you who continue to support refereed, open access academic e-journals such as ours.
The effectiveness of artificial intelligent 3-D virtual reality vocational problem-solving training in enhancing employment opportunities for people with traumatic brain injury (2013)

These results support the potential use of a VR-based approach in memory training in people with MCI. Further VR applications, limitations and future research are described.
Low-temperature crystal structure, specific heat, and dielectric properties of lithium tetraborate Li2B4O7 (2010)

Coherent neutron powder diffraction experiments were carried out together with specific heat, dilatometry, and dielectric spectroscopy studies on Li2B4O7 enriched with B11 isotope to 99.3% at low temperatures. Neither traces of phase transformations nor discontinuous changes in physical properties were observed. Negative thermal expansion, anomalous thermal behavior of selected interatomic distances/angles, isotropic displacement parameters on specific sites as well as dielectric constant were discussed in terms of dynamic lithium disorder.
Therapeutic dendritic cell cancer vaccines in hematologic malignancies (2021)

Abstract Tumor cells present antigen in the context of negative costimulation and immunosuppressive factors, resulting in the inhibition of T cell activation and immune tolerance. Dendritic cells (DCs) are a complex network of antigen presenting cells that play a critical role in maintaining the equilibrium between immune activation directed against pathogens and tolerance necessary to prevent damage mediated by autoreactive T cell clones. DCs uniquely induce primary immune responses through the constitutive and enhanced expression of positive costimulatory molecules and inflammatory cytokines necessary for T cell activation. In this context, the design of a cancer vaccine is based on the effective presentation tumor associated antigens to evoke an antigen specific activated T cell response, and importantly, immune memory. As such, DCs have played a major role in the development of cancer vaccine therapy as critical mediators of antigen presentation reversing a major component of tumor mediated immune suppression. DC based vaccines have involved the loading of individual tumor associated antigens or the use of whole tumor cells and have demonstrated potent induction of tumor specific immunity. The correlation of immune response with clinical outcome and integration of DC vaccines with other immune based therapy is currently being explored.
Large-scale controlled vocabulary indexing for named entities (2000)

A large-scale controlled vocabulary indexing system is described. The system currently covers almost 70, 000 named entity topics, and applies to documents from thousands of news publications. Topic definitions are built through substantially automated knowledge engineering.
THE PUROLITE S992 GOLD-SELECTIVE ION EXCHANGE RESIN (2012)

There has been renewed global interest in the exploitation of historically marginal gold ore bodies, as a result of the recent steep rise in the gold price. The majority of these ores are complex and many of them contain significant amounts of copper minerals. The presence of copper causes a number of problems, including lower gold recoveries, increased cyanide consumption and increased toxicity of the effluent. A variety of processes have been proposed to recover the copper and/or cyanide, amongst others the SART (Sulphidisation, Acidification, Recycling and Thickening) process. Any process that is performed on the pregnant leach liquor prior to gold recovery could cause gold loss, especially if a high removal efficiency of copper cyanide is required prior to gold recovery. This paper discusses the use of a commercially available ion exchange resin with an exceptionally high selectivity for gold over copper. This would allow the effective recovery of gold from cyanide leach liquors that contain a relatively high copper concentration, thereby decreasing the risk of gold loss and potentially minimise the adsorbent inventory and flowrate.
Multidisciplinary and Multisociety Practice Guideline on Reprocessing Flexible Gastrointestinal Endoscopes and Endoscopic Accessories (2020)

The area of endoscopic application has been continuously expanded since its introduction in the last century and the frequency of its use also increased stiffly in the last decades. Because gastrointestinal endoscopy is naturally exposed to diseased internal organs and contact with pathogenic materials, endoscopy mediated infection or disease transmission becomes a major concern in this field. Gastrointestinal endoscopy is not for single use and the proper reprocessing process is a critical factor for safe and reliable endoscopy procedures. What needed in these circumstances is a practical guideline for reprocessing the endoscope and its accessories which is feasible in the real clinical field to guarantee acceptable prevention of pathogen transmission. This guideline contains principles and instructions of the reprocessing procedure according to the step by step. And it newly includes general information and updated knowledge about endoscopy-mediated infection and disinfection. Multiple societies and working groups participated to revise; Korean Association for the Study of the Liver, the Korean Society of Infectious Diseases, Korean College of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research, the Korean Society of Gastroenterology, Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases, Korean Pancreatobiliary Association, the Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Nurses and Associates and Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. Through this cooperation, we enhanced communication and established a better concordance. We still need more researches in this field and fill up the unproven area. And our guidelines will be renewed accordingly.
Influence of Crude Oil Components on Recovery by High and Low Salinity Waterflooding (2012)

This study presents an investigation on the effects of various polar components of a crude oil on its recovery by high and low salinity waterflooding and correspondingly on some of the suggested mechanisms in the literature. Coreflooding experiments were performed on several Berea core plugs aged in four different variants of the same crude oil with relative amounts of acids, bases, and asphaltenes. The oils labeled as acid-free, base-free, asphaltenes-free (deasphalted), and original or normal crude oil were expected to initiate varying wetting conditions during aging. The results of high salinity waterflood showed that the plug aged with base-free oil provided the highest whereas that with acid-free oil provided the lowest final oil recoveries. A reduction in residual oil saturation (Sorw) by 1.4% to 2.9% PV for normal, base-free, and asphaltene-free crude oils after low salinity waterflooding (LSW) in tertiary recovery mode was observed. For the case of acid-free crude oil, the Sorw was reduced marginally. A 2–3-fold increase in differential pressure was observed during injection of low salinity brines. The effluent brine pH was also increased by 1 pH unit during LSW. The observations from the present work indicate that different oil components initiate varying wetting conditions and that the initial wetting conditions influence the performance of a tertiary low salinity flood. In particular, a low salinity flood seems favorable when the initial wetting conditions are not water–wet.
Who was Johannes Kepler? (2009)

T he year was 1571.Copernicus had been dead for 28 years and his great idea of a heliocentric universe had received virtually no public support.Tycho Brahe was a young man of 25.Galileo and Shakespeare were both 7 years old.And Johannes Kepler was born, on 27 December (at 2.30 in the afternoon, according to a horoscope that he later cast for himself), the first child of Heinrich and Katharina Kepler.Kepler was born in Weil der Stadt in Germany.The main square now has a monument to its most famous son (figure 3), and the Kepler Museum on the corner stands on the site of the Kepler household.Much of what is known about his early life comes from his own writings (Caspar 1993).Johannes Kepler had an unhappy childhood.He described his father as "an immoral, rough and quarrelsome soldier", and his mother as "small, thin, dark-complexioned, garrulous, quarrelsome and generally unpleasant".He himself was not a particularly healthy child; he nearly died of smallpox, aged three.His father, the mercenary, left to fight in yet another war when Kepler was in his mid-teens, and was never seen by the family again.Kepler did recollect, however, a few happy moments in his early life.In 1577, when he was five, his mother took him out one night to see the bright comet of that year.This was the same comet that was being observed in faraway Denmark by Tycho Brahe, who concluded that -contrary to Aristotelian doctrine -it lay beyond the sphere of the Moon.He also notes that, in 1580, his father called him outdoors to look at an eclipse of the Moon.Kepler was a bright child who did very well at school.In 1589 he had no difficulty in getting into the Protestant stronghold of Tubingen University, where he intended to train to become a Lutheran clergyman.It was here he met Michael Maestlin, professor of mathematics and astronomy, and one of the few people who recognized that the Copernican system was correct.The initial tone of the Protestant reaction to Copernicus was epitomized by his contemporary Martin Luther who declared: "This fool [Copernicus] wishes to reverse the entire science of astronomy; but sacred scripture tells us that Joshua commanded the Sun to stand still, and not the Earth."Other Protestant leaders expressed similar views.Maestlin, as a member of a staunchly Protestant university, was required to teach the Ptolemaic system to his pupils.But in addition, perhaps only privately, he also taught them about the Copernican system, and the simplifications and greater explanatory power which -in principle -it had in comparison with Ptolemy.
Discovery of a Thiamine-Derived Taste Enhancer in Process Flavors (2019)

Targeted quantitation of 48 basic taste-active compounds in commercial meatlike process flavors, calculation of dose-overthreshold factors, and basic taste re-engineering, followed by activity-guided fractionation, revealed, next to l-glutamate and 5'-ribonucleotides, a series of N-acetylated amino acids and S-((4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl)-l-cysteine as taste-modulating compounds. The N-acetylated amino acids imparted kokumi enhancement with rather high taste thresholds ranging up to 1800 μmol/L ( N-acetylmethionine) in model broth. In comparison, S-((4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl)-l-cysteine, found to be formed by a Maillard-type reaction of thiamine and cysteine, is reported for the first time to exhibit strong kokumi enhancement above a low threshold concentration of 120 μmol/L (model broth). These results will open new avenues toward a knowledge-based optimization of thiamine-containing process flavors.
393 Validation of a Rodent Model for Studying Metabolomic Response to Burn Injury (2019)

Treatment of thermal injuries, especially the role of supplementary nutrients and supportive tissue building components in wound healing and outcome of patients continues to be a clinically challenging task and understudied area. A metabolomics approach to validate a mouse burn model to accurately identify burn-mediated changes in skin and serum metabolites, was used to examine response to injury in both skin and serum. Using an IACUC-approved protocol, depilated mice (n=9) were subjected to a 30% total body surface area (TBSA) burn by submersion in 100⁰C water. Mice sera or skin biopsies (4mm) were taken on euthanasia at 2, 6, and 24 hours after injury (n=3 at each time point). An equal number of mice underwent sham procedures and biopsy collection for each time point with similar administration of anesthetic and fluid resuscitation. Samples were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). Multivariate analysis, the principal components analysis (PCA), was calculated using R and to validate metabolic changes. Large changes in metabolite presence were detected in sham treated animals in both specimen types relative to baseline. These changes, which are caused by animal preparation steps and anesthesia, introduced noise that potentially could mask burn-induced changes. Comparative analysis of results of specimens from thermally challenged animals relative to either baseline or to sham of the same time point across the study focused findings to burn mediated changes. Metabolite responses in serum were more rapid than changes in skin, and while burn caused larger change during early time points (h1, h2) in positively charged metabolites relative to negatively charged ones in serum samples, and to a lesser degree in sham treated skin samples, no difference was seen in burned skin samples. Pathway enrichment analysis of metabolites common to all time points (h2, h6, h24) from skin identified glycerophospholipid, ascorbate and aldarate, and phenylalanine metabolism pathway as top three affected pathways while in serum, arachidoinc acid, starch and sucrose, and galactose metabolism were the top three pathways. These results underscore the difference of the kinetics, and specimen-dependent nature of metabolome responses and the importance of accounting for model introduced variability and proper reference selection during analysis. Understanding the correlation of the kinetics of metabolomic changes in sera and skin after burn injury improves nutritional planning for patients.
Subunit composition of the high conductance calcium-activated potassium channel from smooth muscle, a representative of the mSlo and slowpoke family of potassium channels. (1994)

High conductance Ca(2+)-activated K+ (maxi-K) channels from bovine tracheal and aortic smooth muscle membranes have been purified employing monoiodotyrosine charybdotoxin binding as a marker for the channel and conventional chromatographic techniques. This K+ channel is composed of two subunits, alpha and beta, of 62 and 31 kDa, respectively. After sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the electroeluted tracheal smooth muscle alpha-subunit was subjected to tryptic cleavage and a number of fragments were isolated by microbore C18 high performance liquid chromatography. Several of these peptides were microsequenced using Edman degradation techniques. Amino acid sequence information obtained from these fragments reveals the existence of very high sequence homology with the recently cloned mSlo maxi-K channel (Butler, A., Tsunoda, S., McCobb, D. P., Wei, A., and Salkoff, L. (1993) Science 261, 221-224). A specific anti-peptide antibody directed against the amino acid sequence of one of the fragments of the alpha-subunit is capable of specifically immunoprecipitating not only the denatured 125I-Bolton-Hunter-labeled alpha-subunit, but also, under nondenaturing conditions, the complex of alpha and beta subunits, demonstrating specific noncovalent association of both subunits. Thus, our results indicate that the alpha-subunit of the purified tracheal smooth muscle maxi-K channel is a member of the mSlo family of K+ channels and forms a noncovalent complex with a beta-subunit. It is concluded that the extensive biochemical information acquired to date on smooth muscle charybdotoxin receptors is pertinent to the structure of native maxi-K channels.
Table S1-S3 from Metformin-Induced Reduction of CD39 and CD73 Blocks Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell Activity in Patients with Ovarian Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table1.Characteristic of antibodies used in the flow cytometry evaluation.Supplementary Table2.Primer sequence and product size for PCR amplification.Supplementary Table3.Clinical and baseline clinical characteristics of OC patients with diabetes&lt;/p&gt;
Thermal Isomerization of 1,5‐Dimethyl‐1‐Cyclooctene (1972)

Abstract Isoprene is selectively dimerized to 1,5‐dimethyl‐1,5‐cyclooctadiene by the catalyst composed of nickel naphthenate, triethylaluminium and tri‐o‐cresylphosphite. At 500° and atmospheric pressure, 1,5‐dimethyl‐1‐cyclooctene thermally isomerizes to 2,6‐dimethyl‐1,7‐octadiene.
Functionalization of nanocarbons by surface grafting of polymers (2009)

Recent advances in surface grafting of polymers onto nanocarbons, such as carbon black, carbon nanotube and nanofibers, carbon microcoil, nano-diamond, and C60 fullerene, are reviewed. The grafting of polymers onto these surfaces was achieved by (1) “grafting onto” method, (2) “grafting from” method, (3) “polymer reaction” method, and (4) “stepwise growth” method by dendrimer synthesis methodology. For the grafting of polymers, surface functional groups, such as carboxyl and phenolic hydroxyl groups was used as grafting sites. These functional groups were converted into various initiating groups and surface initiated graft polymerization was achieved. The graphene sheet (polycondensed aromatic rings) of nanocarbons was used as grafting sites by using ligand-exchange reaction with polymers containing ferrocene moieties. The radical trapping activity of nanocarbon surfaces was also used for the grafting of polymers. Dispersibility in solvents for good solvents of grafted polymer was remarkably improved by the surface grafting of polymers onto nanocarbon surfaces. Other properties of polymer-grafted nanocarbons are also reviewed.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐OXO‐2,3‐DIHYDROIMIDAZO(2,1‐A)ISOQUINOLINE AND ITS REACTIONS (1977)

Abstract Das aus 1‐Aminoisochinolin (I) durch Umsetzung mit Bromessigsäuremethylester (II) entstehende Dihydroimidazoisochinolin (III) wird mit salpetriger Säure in das Oxim (IV) umgewandelt, das sich leicht acylieren läßt. Die Acylierung von (III) mit Acetanhydrid liefert die beiden Acylderivate (VI) und (VIII), von denen das letztere recht unbeständig ist und bereits beim Erwärmen mit Wasser in (VI) übergeht.
A Comparative Study of Television Duplication Models (1981)

Abstract The leading duplication models are empirically tested on network television viewership data. A model taking explicitly into account program type and daypart is found to be the best currently available model for estimating network television duplication.
Multivalent Circular Aptamers: Versatile Nanostructures for Biomedical Applications (2005)

California, USA
Female-specific factors are associated with cognition in the UK Biobank cohort (2022)

Abstract Background Relative to males, females are at a higher risk of developing age-related neurocognitive disorders including Alzheimer’s disease. Emerging evidence suggests that reproductive life events such as pregnancy and hormone use may influence female’s cognition later in life. Yet, female’s health has historically been understudied, and little is known about the relationship between female-specific factors and cognition. Methods Using multiple linear regression, we investigated the associations between reproductive history, exogenous hormone use, apolipoprotein ( APOE) ε4 genotype and cognition in 221,124 middle-to older-aged (mean age 56.2 ± 8.0 years) females from the UK Biobank. Performance on six cognitive tasks was assessed, covering four cognitive domains: episodic visual memory, numeric working memory, processing speed, and executive function. Results A longer reproductive span, older age at menopause, older age at first and last birth, and use of hormonal contraceptives were positively associated with cognitive performance later in life. Number of live births, hysterectomy without oophorectomy and use of hormone therapy showed mixed findings, with task-specific positive and negative associations. Effect sizes were generally small (Cohen’s d &lt; 0.1). While APOE ε4 genotype was associated with reduced processing speed and executive functioning, in a dose-dependent manner, it did not influence the observed associations between female-specific factors and cognition. Conclusion Our findings support previous evidence of associations between a broad range of female-specific factors and cognition. The positive association between a history of hormonal contraceptive use and cognition later in life showed the largest effect sizes (max. d = 0.1). Future research is needed to investigate the effects of sex hormone exposure and cognition to develop a better understanding of female’s brain health.
Effect of thermal cycling on the signal integrity and morphology of TSV isolation liner- SiO<inf>2</inf> (2012)

This study is focused on understanding the effect of thermal cycling on the signal integrity characteristics of TSV isolation liner (SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ). The use of radio frequency (RF) signals is found to be a good metrology tool for the detection of discontinuities in the SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> isolation liner. Signal degradation is found to scale with the attained number of thermal cycles. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis revealed that void formation and growth in the SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> isolation liner is the root cause for this observed trend. Therefore the life time of TSVs will be significantly affected by the SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> isolation liner, thus, their understanding, engineering and optimization will be essential for prolonged high performance TSVs.