gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
2015 Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy: Guidelines for Renal Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease (2017)

Abstract Renal anemia is a complication of chronic kidney disease. Guidelines for safe and effective treatment in patients with renal anemia are needed. The Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy (JSDT) published guidelines for the treatment of renal anemia in chronic hemodialysis patients in 2004 and in hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, predialysis, and pediatric patients in 2008. These two publications provide excellent guidance with respect to clinical practice issues, including the definition and diagnosis of renal anemia, the criteria for the initiation of treatment, target hemoglobin levels, iron supplementation therapy, blood transfusion, and side effects. The guidelines significantly improved the treatment of renal anemia in Japan. However, since 2008, many studies have assessed the treatment of renal anemia, and erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) are now available. Therefore, the Executive Board of the JSDT decided that it was time to revise the guidelines to make them more appropriate to the situation of chronic kidney disease patients in Japan. This is the third edition of the guidelines for renal anemia published by the JSDT. The purpose is to improve the prognosis of chronic kidney disease patients, including after renal transplantation, through the treatment of renal anemia. The intended users of the guidelines are all healthcare professionals engaged in the treatment of chronic kidney disease. Regarding the treatment of adult dialysis and predialysis patients, statements and commentary are provided in the context of answers to clinical questions in Chapter 2 (Target Hb level and criteria for starting renal anemia treatment) and Chapter 4 (Evaluation of iron status and iron therapy). Furthermore, the essential information is provided alongside the critical issues in Chapter 1 (Diagnosis of renal anemia), Chapter 3 (Administration of ESAs—administration route and dose), Chapter 5 (ESA hyporesponsiveness), Chapter 6 (Side effects and concomitant symptoms of ESAs), and Chapter 7 (Red blood cell transfusion). In addition, the treatment of pediatric patients and post-renal transplant patients is discussed in Chapter 8 and Chapter 9, respectively.
InAs N-MOSFETs with record performance of I<inf>on</inf> &#x003D; 600 &#x03BC;A/&#x03BC;m at I<inf>off</inf> &#x003D; 100 nA/&#x03BC;m (V<inf>d</inf> &#x003D; 0.5 V) (2013)

Record setting III-V MOSFETs are reported. For the first time performance better than state-of-the-art HEMTs is demonstrated. For a MOSFET with 10 nm unstrained InAs surface channel and L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g</sub> = 130 nm operating at 0.5 V, on-current as high as I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on</sub> = 601 μA/μm (at fixed I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">off</sub> = 100 nA/μm) is achieved. This record performance is enabled by g <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m, ext</sub> = 2.72 mS/μm and S = 85 mV/dec, DIBL = 40 mV/V, resulting from breakthroughs in epitaxy and III-V/dielectric interface engineering. Measured mobility is 7100 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /V.s at n <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</sub> = 6.7×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> . Device simulations further elucidate the performance potential of III-V N-MOSFETs.
LOCALIZATION OF OSTEOPROTEGERIN GENE EXPRESSION IN THE HUMAN TIBIAL PLATEAU AT END STAGE OSTEOARTHRITIS: CORRELATION WITH BONY ADAPTATION BY MICROCT. (2008)

Osteoarthritis (OA) involves pathology in both articular cartilage and subchondral bone. The osteoprotegerin (OPG)/receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa beta ligand (RANK-L) balance is known to modulate bone turnover. We compared the bony changes in human total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and cadaveric controls. A qualitative increase in subchondral and ligamentous insertional bone mineral density was observed on micro-CT sections of TKA bone compared with cadaveric controls. In-situ hybridization of digoxygenase (DIG)-labelled OPG riboprobes showed selective uptake in osteoblasts but not osteocytes or osteoclasts in TKA bone. Those data suggested that the upregulation of OPG expression by osteoblasts may have precipitated the bony hypertrophy of end-stage OA. Altered joint mechanics produced by periarticular bone remodelling may precede the cartilage changes of osteoarthritis (OA). Recently, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa beta (RANK), along with its soluble ligand (RANK-L), have been shown to induce both maturation and activation of bone-degrading osteoclasts. Activation of RANK on osteoclast cells by RANK-L is opposed by another soluble factor, osteoprotegerin (OPG). Thus RANK/OPG balance is important in regulating bone turnover. Here, we compared periarticular bone from patients with end-stage OA undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with those of cadaveric controls. We assessed bony, histological and molecular changes that are important in the pathogenesis of OA. Using in-situ hybridization, we found increased staining of digoxygenase (DIG)-labelled OPG in osteoblasts of TKA bone. A corresponding increase in subchondral and insertional bone was seen on micro-CT (μCT) sections from TKA bone in comparison with cadaveric controls. Those changes were accompanied by marked articular cartilage degeneration on histology. This study is the first of which we are aware that directly assessed the role of OPG in inducing the bony changes seen in human end-stage OA. We used μCT to compare corresponding samples qualitatively from TKA and cadaveric bone. Adjacent sections underwent hybridization of digoxygenase (DIG)-labelled OPG riboprobes to assess gene expression in situ. Finally, samples were stained and analysed for histology. Bony hypertrophy may be a result of overexpression of OPG that occurs as an important feature of OA pathophysiology. Funding: This work was supported by a grant from the Hip Hip Hooray Fund of the Canadian Orthopaedic Research Foundation (CORF) and the Wood Professorship in Joint Injury Research. There was no commercial funding for this research project.
Barium sulphate catalyzed dehydration of lactic acid to acrylic acid (2013)

Dehydration of lactic acid was performed over various metal sulphates. BaSO4 was found to show an efficient activity for dehydration of lactic acid to acrylic acid due to the moderate acidity on its surface. Under the optimal conditions, 99.8% lactic acid conversion and 74.0% acrylic acid selectivity were achieved over the BaSO4 catalyst.
Building a cloud based systems lab (2012)

The system administration lab at the University of Cincinnati consists of 24 high-end desktop PCs, each loaded with client virtualization software. The lab is limited to 24 students per class and does not offer remote access to the virtual machines. The students must either wait for open lab hours or purchase their own high-end systems to work on their schoolwork. To expand the number of classes taught and enable remote access to the lab, the authors created a Microsoft-based private cloud accessible from any computer on the university's network. VPN entry to the network allows students to login to the system using a web browser to access their VM's from anywhere in the world.
Simulation of the Transition from Deflagration to Detonation (1990)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Auto-Ignition is a phenomenon that occurs in many practical combustion processes (engine knock, ignition in rapid compression machines or shock tubes etc). For many purposes, the combustible mixture can be treated as uniform in space, allowing zero-dimensional modelling. Sometimes, however, non-uniformities in temperature or in pressure cause “hot spot” formation, having increased temperature with respect to the surrounding. Since ignition delay is highly temperature dependent, the hot spot will ignite much earlier than its surrounding, leading to space- and time-dependent processes governed by the superposition of chemistry, gas-dynamics, and transport.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper presents mathematical models to simulate homogeneous and hot spot ignition in one-dimensional geometries by solution of the conservation equations using detailed chemistry and a multi-species transport model. Spatial discretization of the resulting partial differential equation system on an adaptive non-uniform grid leads to a system of ordinary differential/algebraic equations that is solved numerically by implicit methods.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Results are presented for homogeneous ignition processes in i-octane/n-heptane mixtures and for 1D ignition processes in the hydrogen-oxygen system. The results show that the model used is able to describe the spatial and temporal development of auto-ignition, explosions as well as detonations, that are initiated by hot spots.&lt;/div&gt;
Postovulatory maternal transcriptome in Atlantic salmon and its relation to developmental potential of embryos (2019)

The overlapping effect of post-ovulatory age on intrinsic egg developmental competence makes the quantification of egg quality difficult when based on transcripts abundance only.
Free radicals in dimethyl ether on H-ZSM-5 zeolite. A novel dimension of heterogeneous catalysis (1986)

By using a spin trapping reagent with e.s.r. analysis, free radicals have been detected in reactions of dimethyl ether over H-ZSM-5 zeolite thereby providing important novel evidence concerning the initial C–C bond forming step which is crucial for production of alkenes and aromatics; the formation of such radicals at moderate at moderate temperatures on surfaces seems to be quite general and adds a new dimension to heterogeneous catalysis.
A URN Namespace of Object Identifiers (2001)

This document describes a Uniform Resource Name (URN) namespace that contains Object Identifiers (OIDs). It obsoletes RFC 3001.
Application of Flow and Biocatalytic Transaminase Technology for the Synthesis of a 1-Oxa-8-azaspiro[4.5]decan-3-amine (2021)

Spirocyclic ring systems are useful intermediates in the design and synthesis of medicinally active agents and commonly found as cores in natural products. Recently, syntheses of a key intermediate Boc-protected-1-oxa-8-azaspiro[4.5]decan-3-amine 1 were examined. While multigram quantities of the racemic material could be made from the reduction of an energic azide intermediate, larger scale reactions and a chiral synthesis required further investigations. Herein, we describe the use of a continuous three-step flow process to scale the formation and reduction of an azide intermediate, and the use of a transaminase to prepare the desired enantiomer in high yield and enantiomeric excess.
Ultrashort pulses in diffraction-limited beam from diode laser arrays with external cavity (1993)

Picosecond pulses are generated in a diffraction-limited beam from passive (hybrid) modelocked conventional (λ = 0.8 μm) diode laser arrays in an external cavity. The emitted energy (10–20 pJ) is almost one order of magnitude higher than that obtained from single stripe quantum well lasers at similar pulse durations. The shortest pulses (∼ 3 ps, 3 nm spectral width) are obtained with strong saturable absorbers and 1 % antireflection coatings. Correspondingly, external cavities with relatively low angular selectivity can be used in these conditions.
Novel concept in electro-wettability patterning with electrodes-less configuration to activate and control Liquid Microlens Arrays on functionalized polar electric substrates (2008)

Liquid microlens array can be obtained by using a thin layer of liquid on a functionalized LiNbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> substrate. The array is activated and controlled by electro wetting patterning and is driven by pyroelectric effect.
Abstract NTOC-096: INTRAPERITONEAL CHEMOTHERAPY AFTER PRIMARY OR INTERVAL DEBULKING SURGERY FOR ADVANCED EPITHELIAL OVARIAN CANCER (2017)

Abstract PURPOSE: To evaluate the outcomes of intraperitoneal (IP) chemotherapy compared with those of intravenous (IV) chemotherapy in patients with advanced ovarian cancer treated either with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) and interval debulking surgery (IDS) or with primary debulking surgery (PDS). METHODS: Patients diagnosed with FIGO stage III or IV epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube or primary peritoneal carcinoma treated at our institutions with PDS or NACT and IDS from 2006-2014 were identified. Covariates were compared using chi-square analyses, t-tests and Mann-Whitney tests. Survival rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared with log rank tests and Cox multivariate regression models. RESULTS: Sixty one patients received NACT and underwent IDS with residual disease of ≤ 1 cm; 40 patients (65.6%) received IP chemotherapy and 21 patients (34.4%) were given IV chemotherapy after IDS. The median number of chemotherapy cycles was three (range 3-8), and 34 patients (85.0%) completed the prescribed dose of IP chemotherapy. The median progression free survival was 16.5 months in the IP group and 15.0 months in the IV group (p = 0.88). The estimated median overall survival was 64.0 months in the IP group and 42.0 months in the IV group (p = 0.12). During the same study period, 148 patients underwent optimal PDS after which 93 patients (83.6%) received IP chemotherapy and 55 patients (37.2%) were given IV chemotherapy. Patients after IP chemotherapy had improved survival outcomes when compared to patients after IV chemotherapy. The median progression free survival was 29.0 months after IP chemotherapy and 16.0 months after IV chemotherapy (p &amp;lt; 0.0001) and the median overall survival was 93.0 months after IP chemotherapy and 43.0 months after IV chemotherapy (p &amp;lt; 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Although IP chemotherapy after PDS showed improved survival, IP chemotherapy after NACT and IDS, while tolerable with high rates of completion, did not demonstrate a survival advantage over IV chemotherapy in our patients. Citation Format: Jessica Lee MD, John P Curtin MD, Franco M Muggia MD, Bhavana Pothuri MD, Leslie R. Boyd MD, Jing-Yi Chern MD, Melissa K Frey MD, Stephanie V Blank MD. INTRAPERITONEAL CHEMOTHERAPY AFTER PRIMARY OR INTERVAL DEBULKING SURGERY FOR ADVANCED EPITHELIAL OVARIAN CANCER [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 11th Biennial Ovarian Cancer Research Symposium; Sep 12-13, 2016; Seattle, WA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2017;23(11 Suppl):Abstract nr NTOC-096.
Neutrophil Membrane Sulfhydryl Groups Are Involved in Stimulated Neutrophil Adherence to Endothelium (1989)

We investigated the role of membrane sulfhydryl groups in adherence of stimulated polymorphonuclear neutrophils to cultured endothelial cells. Treatment of neutrophils with p-chloromercuriphenyl sulfonate (PCMPS), a slowly penetrating sulfhydryl reagent, inhibited phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)- or calcium ionophore A23187-stimulated adherence to cultured human or bovine endothelial cells. At concentrations which completely blocked PMA-stimulated adherence, PCMPS did not cause release of lactic dehydrogenase, inhibit PMA-mediated degranulation or hydrogen peroxide production, or prevent the PMA-induced increased surface expression of CD11b/CD 18 (Mac-1). Coincubation with a competing reduced sulfhydryl compound protected neutrophils from inhibition of PMA-stimulated adherence by PCMPS, whereas coincubation with an oxidized sulfhydryl compound did not. Monobromotrimethylammoniobimane, a nonpenetrating sulfhydryl reagent that is structurally unrelated to PCMPS, also inhibited stimulated neutrophil adherence to endothelium cultures. We conclude that stimulated neutrophil adherence to endothelium involves neutrophil membrane protein sulfhydryl groups.
Coupled mode theory approximation for arbitrary conventional/metamaterial contradirectional coupled-line couplers (2006)

A quasi-TEM approximation of the coupled mode theory generalized to conventional/CRLH-metamaterial contradirectional coupled-line couplers is presented and demonstrated experimentally.
Maximum Urinary Flow Rate by Uroflowmetry: Automatic or Visual Interpretation (1993)

We measured the maximum urinary flow rate monthly for 1 year by uroflowmetry in 1,645 patients in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study of finasteride therapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Patients were randomized to receive placebo (555) or finasteride (1,090). A total of 23,857 flow measurements was obtained. Because of the presence of artifacts on many uroflow curves, we read the maximum urinary flow rate values manually and compared them to the values provided electronically by the uroflowmeter. On average, the manually read values were 1.5 ml. per second lower than the machine read values. Artifacts causing a difference of 2 ml. per second or more between the 2 methods were found in 20% and of more than 3 ml. per second in 9% of the tracings. The difference between treatment groups in mean maximum urinary flow rate change at the end of the study was the same with both reading methods. However, confidence intervals were 15 to 25% larger for the machine read compared to the manually read values. This larger variability in machine read maximum urinary flow rate has a marked negative impact on the power of statistical tests to assess any given difference in maximum urinary flow rate between treatment groups. Furthermore, it increases sample size requirements by 50% to achieve any given statistical power. We conclude that maximum urinary flow rate artifacts contribute significantly to the variability of maximum urinary flow rate measurement by uroflowmetry. Manual reading of the maximum urinary flow rate eliminates an important fraction of such variability.
Direct solid‐state evidence of H2‐induced partial U(VI) reduction concomitant with adsorption by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) (2018)

Adsorption of hexavalent uranium (U(VI)) by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) has been studied, but the possibility of simultaneous U(VI) reduction mediated by EPS has not had experimental confirmation, as the reduction products have not yet been directly proven. Here, we reported the first direct evidence of lower-valent products of U(VI) immobilization by loosely associated EPS (laEPS) isolated from a fermenter strain of Klebsiella sp. J1 when the laEPS was exposed to H<sub>2</sub> . During the 120-min tests for similarly 86% adsorption under O<sub>2</sub> , N<sub>2</sub> , and H<sub>2</sub> , 8% more U was immobilized through a non-adsorptive pathway by the EPS for H<sub>2</sub> than for N<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>2</sub> . A set of solid-state characterization tools (FT-IR, XPS, EELS, and TEM-EDX) confirmed partial reduction of U(VI) to lower-valence U, with the main reduced form being uraninite (U<sup>IV</sup> O<sub>2</sub> ) nanoparticles, and the results reinforced the role of the reduction in accelerating U immobilization and shaping the characteristics of immobilized U in terms of valency, size, and crystallization. The laEPS, mostly comprised of carbohydrate and protein, contained non-cytochrome enzymes and electron carriers that could be responsible for electron transfer to U(VI). Taken together, our results directly confirm that EPS was able to mediate partial U(VI) reduction in the presence of H<sub>2</sub> through non-cytochrome catalysis and that reduction enhanced overall U immobilization. Our study fills in some gaps of the microbe-mediated U cycle and will be useful to understand and control U removal in engineered reactors and in-situ bioremediation.
Preparation of Barium Strontium Titanate Thick Films by a Modified Sol-Gel Route (2006)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeKeywords: MODIFIED SOL-GEL PROCESSTHICK FILMSCREEN PRINTINGTUNABLE DEVICEBST
Skin aging. (2010)

Skin aging is a multisystem degenerative process that involves the skin and skin support system. Young faces tend to be convex with full lips, sweeping jaw line with full temples and cheeks. Aged face tends to be concave with flat lips, sunken temples and cheeks, scalloped mandible and more shadows. Aging caused by the genes we inherit and depending on the passage of time per se is called chronological or intrinsic aging. Intrinsic akin aging is characterized by atrophy of the skin with loss of elasticity and slowed metabolic activity. The signs of intrinsic aging are fine wrinkles, thin and transparent skin, loss of underlying fat, facial bone loss, dry skin, inability to sweat sufficiently to cool the skin, hair loss and unwanted hair. The other type of aging is known as extrinsic aging and is caused by environmental factors. Among harmful environmental factors that contribute to extrinsic aging, long-term effects of repeated exposure to ultraviolet light are most significant and are referred to as photoaging. It is a cumulative process and depends primarily on the degree of sun exposure and skin pigment. UV irradiation invokes a complex sequence of specific molecular responses that cause damage to the skin connective tissue. Photoaging affects the sun-exposed areas and is characterized clinically by fine and coarse wrinkling, roughness, dryness, laxity, telangiectasias, loss of tensile strength and pigmentary changes. There is also an increase in development of benign and malignant neoplasms on photoaged skin.
A Novel Anticancer Agent, Decursin, Induces G1 Arrest and Apoptosis in Human Prostate Carcinoma Cells (2005)

We isolated a coumarin compound decursin (C(19)H(20)O(5); molecular weight 328) from Korean angelica (Angelica gigas) root and characterized it by spectroscopy. Here, for the first time, we observed that decursin (25-100 micromol/L) treatment for 24 to 96 hours strongly inhibits growth and induces death in human prostate carcinoma DU145, PC-3, and LNCaP cells. Furthermore, we observed that decursinol [where (CH(3))(2)-C=CH-COO- side chain of decursin is substituted with -OH] has much lower effects compared with decursin, suggesting a possible structure-activity relationship. Decursin-induced growth inhibition was associated with a strong G(1) arrest (P < 0.001) in DU145 and LNCaP cells, and G(1), S as well as G(2)-M arrests depending upon doses and treatment times in PC-3 cells. Comparatively, decursin was nontoxic to human prostate epithelial PWR-1E cells and showed only moderate growth inhibition and G(1) arrest. Consistent with G(1) arrest in DU145 cells, decursin strongly increased protein levels of Cip1/p21 but showed a moderate increase in Kip1/p27 with a decrease in cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK); CDK2, CDK4, CDK6, and cyclin D1, and inhibited CDK2, CDK4, CDK6, cyclin D1, and cyclin E kinase activity, and increased binding of CDK inhibitor (CDKI) with CDK. Decursin-caused cell death was associated with an increase in apoptosis (P < 0.05-0.001) and cleaved caspase-9, caspase-3, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase; however, pretreatment with all-caspases inhibitor (z-VAD-fmk) only partially reversed decursin-induced apoptosis, suggesting the involvement of both caspase-dependent and caspase-independent pathways. These findings suggest the novel anticancer efficacy of decursin mediated via induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis selectively in human prostate carcinoma cells.