gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Eläintilan tautisuojaus ja tarttuvien eläintautien torjunta (2020)

Tarttuvien eläintautien uhkaan on suhtauduttava vakavasti, sillä taudinpurkaus heikentää eläinten terveyttä ja voi aiheuttaa huomattavia haittoja sekä taloudellisia menetyksiä niin tiloille, elintarvikeketjulle kuin yhteiskunnallekin. Hyvä tautisuojaus, hygienia ja tautien hallinta parantavat eläinten terveyttä ja vähentävät näitä haittoja. Tautisuojaus on osa hyvää tuotantotapaa, joka edistää sekä eläinten että niiden hoitajien hyvinvointia. \nTarttuvia eläintauteja voidaan torjua vähentämällä taudinaiheuttajien tilalle leviämisen sekä tilan sisällä eläinryhmästä toiseen leviämisen riskiä. Tehokkaimmin taudinaiheuttajat leviävät eritteiden ja eläinten välityksellä. Siksi on tärkeää varmistaa erityisesti tuotantoeläimiä ostettaessa ja myytäessä, ettei kuljetettavan eläimen mukana levitetä myös taudinaiheuttajia.\nTaudinaiheuttajat voivat levitä myös esimerkiksi ihmisten, jyrsijöiden, luonnonvaraisten lintujen, muiden eläinten, hyönteisten tai saastuneen ravinnon välityksellä. Lisäksi taudinaiheuttajan kanssa kosketuksissa olleet suojavaatteet, työvälineet, työkoneet, ajoneuvot ja muut tarvikkeet voivat levittää taudinaiheuttajia.\nEläinten kunnosta huolehtiminen ja vastustuskyvyn ylläpitäminen ovat osa tautisuojausta. Hyvän vastustuskyvyn omaava eläin ei sairastu yhtä herkästi kuin heikossa kunnossa oleva eläin. Eläinten terveydentilasta ja vastustuskyvystä huolehtiminen torjuvat eläintauteja pitkäjänteisesti.\nTähän julkaisuun on koottu aiemmista julkaisuista, selvityksistä ja ohjeista saatavilla ollutta taustatietoa EläinBioTurva-hankkeessa käsitellyistä teemoista. Keskeisinä lähteinä ovat olleet muun muassa tiedot, joita Eläinten terveys ETT ry, Ruokavirasto ja tutkimukset ovat julkaisseet kotieläintilojen tautisuojauksesta. Julkaisussa keskitytään seitsemään asiakokonaisuuteen, jotka ovat: tautisuojaukseen vaikuttavat tekijät, eläinkauppa ja eläinten vastustuskyky, tautisulku ja suojavaatetus, eläintilan puhtaat ja likaiset kulkureitit, kuolleiden eläinten turvallinen säilytys ja hävittäminen, rehujen ja juomaveden puhtaus sekä eläintilojen puhdistus ja desinfiointi.
China drives banking subsidiarisation debate (2015)

Jones Day's John Ahern explains why China's growing role in Europe will test the region's changing regulatory attitudes towards foreign banks [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
The NOD/RIP2 Pathway Is Essential for Host Defenses Against Chlamydophila pneumoniae Lung Infection (2009)

Here we investigated the role of the Nod/Rip2 pathway in host responses to Chlamydophila pneumoniae-induced pneumonia in mice. Rip2(-/-) mice infected with C. pneumoniae exhibited impaired iNOS expression and NO production, and delayed neutrophil recruitment to the lungs. Levels of IL-6 and IFN-gamma levels as well as KC and MIP-2 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were significantly decreased in Rip2(-/-) mice compared to wild-type (WT) mice at day 3. Rip2(-/-) mice showed significant delay in bacterial clearance from the lungs and developed more severe and chronic lung inflammation that continued even on day 35 and led to increased mortality, whereas WT mice cleared the bacterial load, recovered from acute pneumonia, and survived. Both Nod1(-/-) and Nod2(-/-) mice also showed delayed bacterial clearance, suggesting that C. pneumoniae is recognized by both of these intracellular receptors. Bone marrow chimera experiments demonstrated that Rip2 in BM-derived cells rather than non-hematopoietic stromal cells played a key role in host responses in the lungs and clearance of C. pneumoniae. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of WT macrophages intratracheally was able to rescue the bacterial clearance defect in Rip2(-/-) mice. These results demonstrate that in addition to the TLR/MyD88 pathway, the Nod/Rip2 signaling pathway also plays a significant role in intracellular recognition, innate immune host responses, and ultimately has a decisive impact on clearance of C. pneumoniae from the lungs and survival of the infectious challenge.
Identification and analysis of recombineering functions from Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and their phages (2008)

We report the identification and functional analysis of nine genes from Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and their phages that are similar to lambda (lambda) bet or Escherichia coli recT. Beta and RecT are single-strand DNA annealing proteins, referred to here as recombinases. Each of the nine other genes when expressed in E. coli carries out oligonucleotide-mediated recombination. To our knowledge, this is the first study showing single-strand recombinase activity from diverse bacteria. Similar to bet and recT, most of these other recombinases were found to be associated with putative exonuclease genes. Beta and RecT in conjunction with their cognate exonucleases carry out recombination of linear double-strand DNA. Among four of these foreign recombinase/exonuclease pairs tested for recombination with double-strand DNA, three had activity, albeit barely detectable. Thus, although these recombinases can function in E. coli to catalyze oligonucleotide recombination, the double-strand DNA recombination activities with their exonuclease partners were inefficient. This study also demonstrated that Gam, by inhibiting host RecBCD nuclease activity, helps to improve the efficiency of lambda Red-mediated recombination with linear double-strand DNA, but Gam is not absolutely essential. Thus, in other bacterial species where Gam analogs have not been identified, double-strand DNA recombination may still work in the absence of a Gam-like function. We anticipate that at least some of the recombineering systems studied here will potentiate oligonucleotide and double-strand DNA-mediated recombineering in their native or related bacteria.
Abstract 2576: Mechanism of action of a novel Stat3 inhibitor for cancer therapy (2011)

Abstract Stat3 is a latent transcription factor that promotes cell survival and proliferation and is often constitutively active in multiple cancers. Inhibition of Stat3 signaling pathways suppresses cell survival signals and leads to apoptosis in cancer cells, suggesting direct inhibition of Stat3 function is a viable therapeutic approach. Herein, we identify a small molecule, C48, as a selective Stat3-family member inhibitor. To determine its mechanism of action, we used site-directed mutagenesis and multiple biochemical techniques to show that C48 alkylates Cys468 in Stat3, a residue at the DNA-binding interface. We further demonstrate that C48 blocks accumulation of activated Stat3 in the nucleus in tumor cell lines that over-express active Stat3 leading to impressive inhibition of tumor growth in mouse models. Collectively, these findings suggest Cys468 in Stat3 represents a novel site for therapeutic intervention and demonstrates the promise of alkylation as a potentially effective chemical approach for Stat3-dependent cancers. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2576. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2576
Constant shape factor frequency modulated charge pumping (FMCP) (2013)

We examine the seemingly frequency-dependent gate leakage current component of frequency-modulated charge pumping and show it to be a measurement artifact. If untreated, this results in erroneous defect density extractions. We present a constant shape factor methodology to suppress this component such that frequency-modulated charge pumping is well positioned for advanced device defect characterization.
Precision transport and assembling of nanowires in suspension by electric fields (2008)

We describe a method of precision transport of nanowires in suspension using a combination of dielectrophoretic force and electrophoretic force, which, respectively, aligns and transports the nanowires. The transport of nanowires can be made to follow any prescribed trajectory with any orientation by the voltages applied to the patterned electrodes. The same method applies to multiwall carbon nanotubes as well. We have joined end to end two oppositely charged nanowires separated by 200μm into a microelectromechanical device.
Emerging Interface between Metabolic Syndrome and Asthma (2010)

There is growing epidemiological evidence that obesity increases the risk of developing asthma. In some studies, insulin resistance or metabolic syndrome is a stronger risk factor than body mass. The obese-asthma subphenotype is marked by a paucity of inflammation but also by marked symptoms, poor response to glucocorticoids, and peripheral airway dysfunction. Although obesity may predispose to increased Th2 inflammation or atopic tendencies, other mechanisms that are independent of inflammatory cells need to be considered. There is growing evidence of the influence of hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin-like growth factors on airway structure and function. Also, studies from mouse models of asthma have highlighted the importance of nitric oxide-arginine metabolism abnormalities and oxonitrosative stress in lungs. Such changes are well established features of the metabolic syndrome and may represent an interface between these diseases that can be therapeutically targeted. Such therapies, including administration of l-arginine or statins, increasing endothelial nitric oxide synthase, or the use of arginase inhibitors, have been successful in experimental models but have not yet translated to the clinical arena. We review the current understanding of the potential mechanistic links between obesity and asthma, emphasizing the potential influence of metabolic abnormalities on asthmatic processes, therapeutic implications, and expected challenges.
2A2-S02 Evaluation of Outdoor Localization using a High Dynamic Range Camera(Localization and Mapping) (2014)

We aim to achieve robust vision-based localization for outdoor mobile robots. One of the difficulties in outdoor visual localization is to overcome severe illumination conditions. In strong sunlight, ordinary cameras suffer from under or over exposure because of their limited dynamic range. Recently, cameras having a wide dynamic range (HDR cameras) have been available. In this paper, we evaluate our localization system using an HDR camera. We carried out several experiments: a) how much under or over exposures can be suppressed, b) robustness of detecting and matching SIFT keypoints, c) accuracy and robustness of outdoor localization. We demonstrate that HDR cameras can significantly improve the performance of visual localization under drastic illumination changes.
RepTor: An Intelligent Hybrid Neural Network Based Recipe Generator for Semiconductor Process Modeling and Characterization (2009)

An intelligent hybrid neural network based recipe generator is presented as a convenient tool for process optimization typically aiming highly-nonlinear plasma process in semiconductor manufacturing. As the wafer size continuously expanding up to 300 mm in current high-volume manufacturing (even forecasting 450 mm in 2012), fast and convenient process settlement cannot be over emphasized to meet the time-to-market of the newly developed products. In this paper, we suggest a recipe generator based on neural network and particle swamp optimization, nominally RepTor, to help minimizing material cost for process setup and maximizing accuracy of process modeling. RepTor is verified using SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> deposition process for modeling and predicting the wafer geometry in conjunction with tool parameter. We have convinced the capability of the suggested recipe generator, and it provides a good starting point for further fine tuning of process optimization.
Enhanced detection and retrograde axonal transport of PrPc in peripheral nerve (2003)

Neuroinvasion of the CNS during orally acquired transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) may involve the transport of the infectious agent from the periphery to the CNS via the peripheral nerves. If this occurs within axons, the mechanism of axonal transport may be fundamental to the process. In studies of peripheral nerve we observed that the cellular prion protein (PrPc) is highly resistant to detergent extraction. The implication of this is an underestimation of the abundance of PrPc in peripheral nerve. We have developed nerve extraction conditions that enhance the quantification of the protein in nerve 16-fold. Application of these conditions to evaluate the accumulation of PrPc distal to a cut nerve now reveals that PrPc is retrogradely transported from the axon ending. These results provide a potential cellular mechanism for TSE infectivity to gain entry to the CNS from the periphery.
Robust architectures for embedded wireless network control and actuation (2012)

Networked cyber-physical systems are fundamentally constrained by the tight coupling and closed-loop control of physical processes. To address actuation in such closed-loop wireless control systems there is a strong need to rethink the communication architectures and protocols for reliability, coordination, and control. We introduce the Embedded Virtual Machine (EVM), a programming abstraction where controller tasks with their control and timing properties are maintained across physical node boundaries and functionality is capable of migrating to the most competent set of physical controllers. In the context of process and discrete control, an EVM is the distributed runtime system that dynamically selects primary-backup sets of controllers given spatial and temporal constraints of the underlying wireless network. EVM-based algorithms allow network control algorithms to operate seamlessly over less reliable wireless networks with topological changes. They introduce new capabilities such as predictable outcomes during sensor/actuator failure, adaptation to mode changes, and runtime optimization of resource consumption. An automated design flow from Simulink to platform-independent domain-specific languages, and subsequently, to platform-dependent code generation is presented. Through case studies in discrete and process control we demonstrate the capabilities of EVM-based wireless network control systems.
Solubility as a limiting factor for expression of hepatitis A virus proteins in insect cell-baculovirus system (2016)

The use of recombinant proteins may represent an alternative model to inactivated vaccines against hepatitis A virus (HAV). The present study aimed to express the VP1 protein of HAV in baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS). The VP1 was expressed intracellularly with molecular mass of 35 kDa. The VP1 was detected both in the soluble fraction and in the insoluble fraction of the lysate. The extracellular expression of VP1 was also attempted, but the protein remained inside the cell. To verify if hydrophobic characteristics would also be present in the HAV structural polyprotein, the expression of P1-2A protein was evaluated. The P1-2A polyprotein remained insoluble in the cellular extract, even in the early infection stages. These results suggest that HAV structural proteins are prone to form insoluble aggregates. The low solubility represents a drawback for production of large amounts of HAV proteins in BEVS.
Enhancement of Structural, Electrochemical, and Thermal Properties of High-Energy Density Ni-Rich LiNi0.85Co0.1Mn0.05O2 Cathode Materials for Li-Ion Batteries by Niobium Doping (2021)

Ni-rich layered oxide LiNi<sub>1 - <i>x</i> - <i>y</i></sub>Co<i><sub>x</sub></i>Mn<i><sub>y</sub></i>O<sub>2</sub> (1 - <i>x</i> - <i>y</i> > 0.5) materials are favorable cathode materials in advanced Li-ion batteries for electromobility applications because of their high initial discharge capacity. However, they suffer from poor cycling stability because of the formation of cracks in their particles during operation. Here, we present improved structural stability, electrochemical performance, and thermal durability of LiNi<sub>0.85</sub>Co<sub>0.1</sub>Mn<sub>0.05</sub>O<sub>2</sub>(NCM85). The Nb-doped cathode material, Li(Ni<sub>0.85</sub>Co<sub>0.1</sub>Mn<sub>0.05</sub>)<sub>0.997</sub>Nb<sub>0.003</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, has enhanced cycling stability at different temperatures, outstanding capacity retention, improved performance at high discharge rates, and a better thermal stability compared to the undoped cathode material. The high electrochemical performance of the doped material is directly related to the structural stability of the cathode particles. We further propose that Nb-doping in NCM85 improves material stability because of partial reduction of the amount of Jahn-Teller active Ni<sup>3+</sup> ions and formation of strong bonds between the dopant and the oxygen ions, based on density functional theory calculations. Structural studies of the cycled cathodes reveal that doping with niobium suppresses the formation of cracks during cycling, which are abundant in the undoped cycled material particles. The Nb-doped NCM85 cathode material also displayed superior thermal characteristics. The coherence between the improved electrochemical, structural, and thermal properties of the doped material is discussed and emphasized.
Changes in Blood Biomarkers of Angiogenesis and Immune Modulation after Radiation Therapy and Their Association with Outcomes in Thoracic Malignancies (2021)

The effects of radiotherapy on systemic immunity remain to be fully characterized in a disease-specific manner. The aim of the study was to examine potential biomarkers of systemic immunomodulation when using radiotherapy for thoracic malignancies. Serial blood samples were collected from 56 patients with thoracic malignancies prior (RTbaseline), during (RTduring) and at the end of radiotherapy (RTend), as well as at the first (FU1) and second follow-up (FU2). The changes in serum levels of IL-10, IFN-γ, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, bFGF, sFlt-1, PlGF, VEGF, VEGF-C, VEGF-D and HGF were measured by multiplexed array and tested for associations with clinical outcomes. We observed an increase in the levels of IL-10, IFN-γ, PlGF and VEGF-D and a decrease in those of IL-8, VEGF, VEGF-C and sFlt-1 during and at the end of radiotherapy. Furthermore, baseline concentration of TNF-α significantly correlated with OS. IL-6 level at RTend and FU1,2 correlated with OS (RTend: <i>p</i> = 0.039, HR: 1.041, 95% CI: 1.002-1.082, FU1: <i>p</i> = 0.001, HR: 1.139, 95% CI: 1.056-1.228, FU2: <i>p</i> = 0.017, HR: 1.101 95% CI: 1.018-1.192), while IL-8 level correlated with OS at RTduring and RTend (RTduring: <i>p</i> = 0.017, HR: 1.014, 95% CI: 1.002-1.026, RTend: <i>p</i> = 0.004, HR: 1.007, 95% CI: 1.061-1.686). In conclusion, serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 are potential biomarkers of response to radiotherapy. Given the recent implementation of immunotherapy in lung and esophageal cancer, these putative blood biomarkers should be further validated and evaluated in the combination or sequential therapy setting.
Special Nordic Hydrology issue – Northern Research Basins (2004)

The 14th International Northern Research Basins Symposium/Workshop (NRB) took place in Kangerlussuaq (So ¨ndre Stro ¨mfjord
Reducing the manufacturing costs associated with hard disk drives-a new disturbance rejection control scheme (1997)

A new disturbance rejection control scheme is developed for cost-effective hard disk drive manufacturing. The proposed disturbance rejection controller is capable of attenuating both repeatable disturbances and nonrepeatable disturbances, which are two of the major detractors to hard disk drive quality and performance. The control scheme overcomes the drawback of typical internal-model-based repetitive control schemes which cancel repeatable disturbances, but amplify disturbances at other frequencies. This is achieved by a systematic combination of the internal-model-based repetitive controller with a loop shaping filter. It is shown that the internal-model-based repetitive controller is a special case of the proposed controller. Robustness of the controller is also studied. Simulations using disturbances reconstructed from actual drive level position error signal (PES) measurements have been carried out to show the effectiveness of this control scheme.
Interconversion of oxo and imido ligands at a dimolybdenum centre: molecular and electronic structure of [{Mo(η-C5H4Me)(NPh)(µ-NPh)}2] (1990)

The tetraimido complexes [{Mo(η-C5H4R)(NR′)(µ-NR′)}2](R = Me, R′= Ph or C6H4Me-p; R = Pri, R′= Ph) have been synthesised from the corresponding oxo compounds [{Mo(η-C5H4R)O(µ-O)}2] and the aryl isocyanates R′NCO. The three mixed imido–oxo derivatives [Mo2(η-C5H4Me)2O4 –x(NPh)x](x= 1–3), presumed to be intermediates in the synthesis of the tetraimido derivatives, have been synthesised independently. The imido–oxo compounds react with excess of phenyl isocyanate to give [{Mo(η-C5H4Me)(NPh)(µ-NPh)}2], for which a single-crystal X-ray structure analysis reveals a trans disposition of the η-methylcyclopentadienyl ligands and a planar Mo2(µ-N)2 core. A molecular-orbital analysis suggests that each NPh ligand acts as a formal three-electron donor. Hydrolysis of [{Mo(η-C5H4R)(NPh)(µ-NPh)}2] proceeds via a stepwise replacement of the two terminal imido groups to give [Mo2(η-C5H4R)2O2 –x(NPh)x(µ-NPh)2](x= 0 or 1). Attempts to replace the bridging imido functionalities of [{Mo(η-C5H4Me)O(µ-NPh)}2] by oxo ligands proved unsuccessful.
Über Phosphorstickstoff‐Verbindungen. XV. Die Umsetzung zwischen Hydroxylamin und Phosphorpentachlorid (1963)

Abstract Bei der Umsetzung zwischen PCl 5 und Hydroxylammoniumchlorid bzw. von PCl 5 , PCl 3 und [NH 3 OH]Cl, entstehen je nach den Versuchsbedingungen die Substanzen [Cl 3 PNPCl 3 ]Cl, [Cl 3 P;NPCl 3 ][PCl 6 ] und Cl 3 PNP(O)Cl 2 . Die erstgenannte Verbindung, P 2 NCl 7 , ist das erste faßbare Produkt der Reaktion. Bei der entsprechenden Umsetzung von C 6 H 5 PCl 2 , PCl 5 und [NH 3 OH]Cl erhält man [C 6 H 5 P(Cl 2 )NP(Cl 2 )C 6 H 5 ]Cl und [C 6 H 5 P(Cl 2 )NP(Cl 2 )C 6 H 5 ][PCl 6 ]. Ein Vorschlag für den Bildungsmechanismus wurde gemacht.
Effect of line impedance on electric spring control (2018)

The study and development of technologies to facilitate efficient operation of microgrids has recently gained momentum. The Electric Spring is one of the new power electronics based device which can smoothen power and voltage fluctuations caused by load-generation mismatch in a microgrid. Microgrid is a subsystem of the existing power system with a decentralized control and distributed structure. Therefore, its line impedance varies over a wide range. While utilizing the ES as a reactive power compensation device for voltage regulation, the nature of line impedance (inductive or resistive) of the microgrid has not been taken into consideration in the existing control of the ES. This can result in a considerable deviation from the desired performance. This paper investigates the effects of line impedance on voltage regulation operation by the ES. It is proposed that the ES control needs to be altered according to the nature of the system line impedance. This hypothesis has been validated by simulating a small scale grid connected microgrid with resistive and inductive system line impedances.
Technology and Applications of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (2002)

Autonomous underwater vehicles - robot submarines - are revolutionizing the way in which researchers and industry obtain data. Advances in technology have resulted in capable vehicles that have made new discoveries on how the oceans work and have dramatically reduced the cost to industry of surveying the seabed. Technology and Applications of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles describes the technologies that have made this happen and a host of applications from fish abundance studies to finding diamonds beneath the sea. This book will help the next generation of engineers and scientists in academia, industry, and government laboratories to continue in research, defense, and industry.