gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Relaxin Supports Implantation and Early Pregnancy in the Marmoset Monkey (2009)

To test the hypothesis that relaxin is an important factor supporting implantation, two approaches have been carried out using a human-relevant animal model, the marmoset monkey. First, uterine mRNA transcription and protein expression during the implantation phase in the conceptive and nonconceptive cycles were examined. Second, functional parameters were analyzed to assess the in vivo effects of exogenous applied relaxin throughout implantation. Relaxin and its receptor, RXFP1, were highly upregulated shortly before and during the physical process of implantation, indicating that relaxin is an important factor for remodeling and immunotolerance. The action of relaxin on the uterus was accompanied by an increase of estrogen-associated factors and macrophage infiltration, suggesting redundant systems necessary for successful implantation. The data from relaxin-treated animals supported those obtained from naive tissues in terms of increases in angiogenesis as well as earlier and faster growth of the uterus and placenta in the relaxin-treated marmoset monkey group, resulting in parturition 7-10 days earlier than the control group, but not pathological. In general, relaxin is very effective in preparing the endometrium for implantation. These findings should encourage further clinical research regarding introducing relaxin for pathological pregnancies, such as early pregnancy failure or insufficient placenta.
Optimal Vagus Nerve Stimulation Frequency for Suppression of Spike‐and‐Wave Seizures in Rats (2015)

Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is used as an adjunctive therapy for drug-resistant epilepsy and results in a 50% seizure reduction in up to 50% of treated patients. The VNS frequency used in the clinic today is in the range of 10-30 Hz. The evidence for choosing the stimulation frequency is limited, and little knowledge is available on the effect of other VNS frequencies. Deep brain, trigeminal nerve, or spinal cord stimulation studies have suggested the use of stimulation frequencies above 80 Hz for seizure control. Therefore, our objective for the present study was to investigate if VNS using frequencies higher than those currently used in the clinic could be more effective in attenuating seizures. Spike-and-wave (SW) discharges were induced in 11 rats, which then were subjected to VNS sessions applied at the frequencies of 10, 30, 80, 130, and 180 Hz combined with control intervals without stimulation. The anticonvulsive effect of VNS was evaluated by comparing the normalized mean power (nMP) and frequency (nMSF) of the SW discharges derived from intracortical recordings collected during the stimulation and control intervals. Compared with the control intervals, all the tested VNS frequencies significantly reduced the nMP (in the range of 9-21%). However, we found that 130 and 180 Hz VNS induced a 50% larger attenuation of seizures than that achieved by 30 Hz VNS. In addition, we found that 80, 130, and 180 Hz VNS induced a significant reduction of the nMSF, that is by 5, 7, and 8%, respectively. These results suggest that a VNS stimulation frequency in the range of 130-180 Hz may be more effective in inhibiting seizures than the 30 Hz VNS applied in the clinic today.
Synthesis, Structure, and Fluxionality of (μ-Diphenylsilylene)(fulvalene)tetracarbonyldirhenium Double Si−H Activation to the First Fulvalene Silylene Complex (2000)

(Fulvalene)hexacarbonyldirhenium (1) furnishes the first silylene fulvalenedimetal complex 3 by double Si−H activation. The solid-state structure of the molecule was determined by X-ray analysis and its solution dynamics by 1H NMR spectroscopy.
Enhanced solder alloy performance by magnetic dispersions (1994)

New Pb-free solder alloys with improved resistance to deformation and creep have been developed by dispersion hardening with essentially noncoarsening particles. Application of a magnetic field to molten solders containing fine (<2 /spl mu/m) ferromagnetic particles led to microstructures with a uniformly distributed, three-dimensional network of the dispersoid particles. Magnetostatic repulsion among columnar chain of spheres and the formation of a network structure overwhelms the gravity effect and prevents the commonly encountered problems of particle agglomeration and segregation caused by nonwetting and density differences between the dispersoids and the molten solder matrix. The presence of the dispersoid particles makes the plastic deformation of the solder material more difficult, thus improving the strength and reducing the creep rate at elevated temperatures. A finer solidification microstructure also results from the dispersion. A magnetically processed Sn-2.5% Fe composite solder exhibited an ultimate tensile strength /spl sim/60-100% higher than the dispersion-free solder materials and, more importantly, a 20-fold improvement in creep resistance at 100/spl deg/C. The presence of magnetically dispersed Fe particles in a Bi-43% Sn eutectic solder under the same high temperature conditions resulted in a five-fold increase in creep resistance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Clinically relevant concentrations of dexmedetomidine may reduce oxytocin-induced myometrium contractions in pregnant rats (2020)

Active tension of the myometrium showed a significant decrease at concentrations of dexmedetomidine higher than 10<sup>-3</sup> M. Thus, clinical concentrations of dexmedetomidine may inhibit uterine contractions. Further research is needed for the safe use of dexmedetomidine in the obstetrics field.
Oppositane-Type Sesquiterpenoids from the Formosan Soft Coral Sinularia leptoclados (2010)

Abstract Two new natural products, the oppositane-type sesquiterpenoids leptocladolins A and B (1 and 2), along with two known compounds 1β-hydroxy-6α-acetoxyeudesm-4(15)-ene (3) and 1β,6α-dihydroxyeudesm-4(15)-ene (4) were obtained from a Formosan soft coral Sinularia leptoclados. The relative structures of 1 and 3 were confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. The absolute structures of 1 and 3 were determined by the Mosher’s method. It was found that 4 significantly inhibited the upregulation of pro-inflammatory iNOS protein in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells.
A soft-decision state-space equalizer for FIR channels (1997)

A nonlinear equalizer for binary data transmission over finite impulse response channels is developed. It is based on a state-space description of the channel. The equations of the resulting algorithm resemble the equations of a Kalman hard-decision feedback equalizer, similar to the one of McLaughlin et al. (1989). However, the derivation of the equalizer differs significantly from the derivation of the Kalman algorithm. In particular, probability estimates of the received bits are incorporated. They can be exploited in several ways to improve the performance of the equalizer and of the complete transmission system. Simulations for a mobile radio channel show that the new equalizer is an alternative to well-established equalizers like the Viterbi or the conventional hard-decision feedback equalizer.
PROANAL version 2: multifunctional Program for analysis of multiple protein sequence alignments and for studying the structure-activity relationships in protein families (1995)

A new version of the program PROANAL is described. A multiple linear regression analysis of the protein structure--activity relationship allows one to investigate the combinations of protein sites and factors influencing the activity. The program also provides the possibility to seek out protein sites, conservative or variable in variations of physicochemical characteristics, and regions with high or low values of these characteristics. PROANAL2 may be useful in the simulation of protein-engineering experiments and in the search of a number of protein regions such as functional sites, secondary structures, solvent-exposed regions, T- and B-cell antigenic determinants, etc.
Critical Conversations: Using Picture Books to Welcome Refugees into Our Classrooms (2018)

Approximately 11 million children have recently been forced to leave their homes and lives behind due to war, natural disasters and other types of trauma. Reading picture books about refugees in classroom communities that include refugee children may help these children to feel recognized and to realize they are not alone in their situations. All children should see themselves reflected in the literature (Hope, 2008), and children who have arrived suddenly after escaping some sort of tragedy are no different. Using selected children’s picture books depicting refugee children not only provides opportunities for teaching critical literacy, but also incorporates global perspectives, as well as perspectives of justice and injustice in the classroom. The multidimensional representations of refugees in picture books also enables teachers to promote critical conversations in the classroom.
The Exhaustion Of A Champion: From Where Does Süreyya Run? (2018)

To be a champion is the purpose of every athlete. Becoming national champion, followed by obtaining the title of European Champion and then victory in the Olympiad make up a sequence which all athletes try to complete. An athlete should win many competitions in order to be renowned. Süreyye Ayhan, recently the most frequently spelled name in Turkish athleticism, also paved the same way in her first years. She became successful in running mid-range distances. Starting a race by an early attack, she seemed insurmountable. As she scored more and more successes, her ambition for still more and her fear of loss brought her to the point of unsportsmanlike behavior. It is not infrequent that a sportswoman/sportsman succumbs to fame, to individual and public benefits and resorts to unethical ways. To go on scientifically and also ethically seem to become unbearable for such individuals. While the world sport system intensively struggles against taking doping material, disobeying rules become a repugnancy and finally, guilt. Subjects such as legality, responsibility, self-control, increasing knowledge ought to be continually and positively valued and revalued. Mature relationships among competitors as well as organizers should take place by observance of rules. These are the general themes of this paper.
Regularization for Curve Representations: Uniform Convergence for Discontinuous Solutions of Ill-Posed Problems (1998)

This paper is concerned with a new approach for regularizing problems with discontinuous solutions: regularization for curve representations. The idea of this approach is to represent a (discontinous) function as a curve with parameterization (a(t),b(t)). A combination with nonlinear Tikhonov regularization then yields uniform convergence of the regularized solutions. The method is applied to deblurring and denoising problems in signal processing. A numerical example for a deblurring problem is presented.
Cancer susceptibility genes and their potential implication regarding systemic therapy for early‐stage breast cancer (2015)

The development of leukemia after chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy for breast cancer has been recognized for 4 decades. In this issue, Churpek et al have conducted a retrospective study that expands on a growing body of knowledge for understanding an individual's genetic risk, not only for breast cancer, but also for second cancers such as leukemia.
Photodesorption of NO from Ni(100)-O (1988)

Fully state-resolved analysis of NO molecules desorbed from an oxygen-covered Ni(100) surface by uv radiation (\ensuremath{\lambda}=193 nm) yields the operation of two desorption channels, thermal and nonthermal, via electronic excitation. The latter fraction exhibits as a particular feature pronounced spin-orbit selectivity at low rotational quantum numbers.
REGENERATION FROM UNFERTILIZED OVULE CALLUS OF SUGARBEET (Beta vulgaris L.) (1990)

Haploid, diploid, and tetraploid plants were regenerated from unfertilized ovule callus of the diploid (2n = 2x = 18) sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) breeding line FC 607. Callus was induced by culturing the ovules on a modified Murashige and Skoog medium containing 1 mg L −1 6(γ,γ-dimethylallylamino)-purine in the dark at 27 °C. Transferring callus to the light induced shoot formation. The incidence of shoot vitrification was reduced when Gamborg’s B5 salts were substituted for Murashige and Skoog salts in the regeneration medium. Shoots rooted readily when cultured on Gamborg’s B5 salts medium containing 5 mg L −1 naphthaleneacetic acid.Key words: Haploid sugarbeet, doubled-haploids
Phospholipase Cε Modulates Rap1 Activity and the Endothelial Barrier (2016)

The phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C, PLCε, is a unique signaling protein with known roles in regulating cardiac myocyte growth, astrocyte inflammatory signaling, and tumor formation. PLCε is also expressed in endothelial cells, however its role in endothelial regulation is not fully established. We show that endothelial cells of multiple origins, including human pulmonary artery (HPAEC), human umbilical vein (HUVEC), and immortalized brain microvascular (hCMEC/D3) endothelial cells, express PLCε. Knockdown of PLCε in arterial endothelial monolayers decreased the effectiveness of the endothelial barrier. Concomitantly, RhoA activity and stress fiber formation were increased. PLCε-deficient arterial endothelial cells also exhibited decreased Rap1-GTP levels, which could be restored by activation of the Rap1 GEF, Epac, to rescue the increase in monolayer leak. Reintroduction of PLCε rescued monolayer leak with both the CDC25 GEF domain and the lipase domain of PLCε required to fully activate Rap1 and to rescue endothelial barrier function. Finally, we demonstrate that the barrier promoting effects PLCε are dependent on Rap1 signaling through the Rap1 effector, KRIT1, which we have previously shown is vital for maintaining endothelial barrier stability. Thus we have described a novel role for PLCε PIP2 hydrolytic and Rap GEF activities in arterial endothelial cells, where PLCε-dependent activation of Rap1/KRIT1 signaling promotes endothelial barrier stability.
Tumor Incidence in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (2020)

NAFLD slightly increases the risk of breast cancer in women, genital cancer in men, and skin cancer irrespective of sex. Thus, NAFLD can be considered a marker of increased cancer risk.
Drug delivery systems: optimising the structure of peptide carriers for synthetic antimicrobial drugs. (1986)

This paper discusses the concept of smugglins, i.e., molecules that are formed by attaching to, or incorporating into, normal cell nutrients varied moieties as a means of transporting otherwise impermeant substances into cells. Examples of antimicrobial smugglins that use this principle in Nature are described. The rationally designed antibiotic smugglins investigated to date are critically reviewed. Criteria for the design of optimal peptide carriers for antimicrobial smugglins are considered. A computer-linked, continuous-flow system for rapid measurement of the kinetic parameters for substrate transport via peptide permeases is described which, together with current molecular, genetic and biochemical techniques, now provides the means to obtain the information on which rational design should be based; examples are given for Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. After an uncertain commercial start, it now seems likely that increasing understanding of the uptake processes and other relevant features will make drug targeting using peptide carriers an achievable goal. Certainly their widespread occurrence in Nature should provide added incentive for the design of synthetic smugglins.
Optimal Transmission Frequency for Ultralow-Power Short-Range Radio Links (2004)

Analysis determining the optimal transmission frequency for maximum power transfer across a short-range wireless link is introduced, including a comparison of near-field transmission with far-field transmission. A new near-field power transfer formula has been derived, which allows direct comparison with the well-known far-field Friis transmission formula. Operating charts are presented, which provide the designer with the preferred transmission frequency as a function of distance and antenna dimensions, together with surface plots which show the power transfer for this frequency. The analysis, performed for loop antennas, has been used to evaluate the oscillator transmitter as a low-power topology. It is shown that the requirement of a high-Q factor to realize a low-power oscillator need not be contradictory to achieving optimal far-field radiation characteristics. Based on this fact an approach to sizing loop antennas for low-power oscillator transmitters is suggested.
Cybersecurity situational awareness taxonomy (2017)

Ensuring cost-efficient cybersecurity for a networked system is a challenging task. In this task, cybersecurity situational awareness is a cornerstone to ensure that systems are protected in a meaningful way. However, cybersecurity situational awareness can be built in various ways. Firstly, several monitoring and analysing techniques can be applied, and secondly, a time window for the usage of situational awareness varies from short-term operational to long-term strategic decision making. Understanding differences and purposes of these aspects is an essential part to research and develop cybersecurity situational awareness. In this paper, we build a taxonomy of cybersecurity situational awareness. The taxonomy categorises terminology, makes it possible to recognise missing areas, and to understand the area in a uniform way. Moreover, the taxonomy helps to select the most effective techniques to be used in a specific situation awareness implementation.
Synthesis and characterization of novel optically active poly(ester‐imide)s with high Tg and good thermal stability (2013)

A series of novel optically active poly(ester‐imide)s (ter‐PEIs) with high glass transition temperature ( T g ), good thermal stability, and solubility were successfully designed and synthesized by direct polycondensation reactions, using p‐hydroxybenzoic acid (PHB), 4,4’‐dihydroxybenzophenone, and a chiral diacid, N , N '‐(pyromellitoyl)‐bis‐L‐phenylalanine diacid as monomers. The resulting terpolymers were characterized by 1 H‐NMR, FTIR, element analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, different scanning calorimeter and wide‐angle x‐ray diffraction, etc. The ter‐PEIs are amorphous polymers with good heat resistance and high T g s. They are soluble in many common polar organic solvents and show optically rotation property. The specific rotation values of the ter‐PEIs increase with the molar ratio of the chiral diacid, and the rigid PHB monomer is beneficial to increase the T g s of the polymers. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
New Downhole-Fluid-Analysis Tool for Improved Reservoir Characterization (2008)

Summary Downhole fluid analysis (DFA) has emerged as a key technique for characterizing the distribution of reservoir-fluid properties and determining zonal connectivity across the reservoir. Information from profiling the reservoir fluids enables sealing barriers to be proved and compositional grading to be quantified; this information cannot be obtained from conventional wireline logs. The DFA technique has been based largely on optical spectroscopy, which can provide estimates of filtrate contamination, gas/oil ratio (GOR), pH of formation water, and a hydrocarbon composition in four groups: methane (C1), ethane to pentane (C2–5), hexane and heavier hydrocarbons (C6+), and carbon dioxide (CO2). For single-phase assurance, it is possible to detect gas liberation (bubblepoint) or liquid dropout (dewpoint) while pumping reservoir fluid to the wellbore, before filling a sample bottle. In this paper, a new DFA tool is introduced that substantially increases the accuracy of these measurements. The tool uses a grating spectrometer in combination with a filter-array spectrometer. The range of compositional information is extended from four groups to five groups: C1, ethane (C2), propane to pentane (C3–5), C6+, and CO2. These spectrometers, together with improved compositional algorithms, now make possible a quantitative analysis of reservoir fluid with greater accuracy and repeatability. This accuracy enables comparison of fluid properties between wells for the first time, thus extending the application of fluid profiling from a single-well to a multiwall basis. Field-based fluid characterization is now possible. In addition, a new measurement is introduced—in-situ density of reservoir fluid. Measuring this property downhole at reservoir conditions of pressure and temperature provides important advantages over surface measurements. The density sensor is combined in a package that includes the optical spectrometers and measurements of fluid resistivity, pressure, temperature, and fluorescence that all play a vital role in determining the exact nature of the reservoir fluid. Extensive tests at a pressure/volume/temperature (PVT) laboratory are presented to illustrate sensor response in a large number of live-fluid samples. These tests of known fluid compositions were conducted under pressurized and heated conditions to simulate reservoir conditions. In addition, several field examples are presented to illustrate applicability in different environments.
Effect of hydrogel particle size embedded into oleogels on the physico-functional properties of hydrogel-in-oleogel (bigels) (2022)

Effects of incorporating hydrogel particles with various sizes (35.8–150.2 μm) into monoacylglycerol (MAG)-based oleogels at a constant hydrogel/oleogel ratio of 1:4, on the physical properties of the resultant bigels was examined. Whey protein concentrate (WPC, 3 g/100 g) and κ-carrageenan (0.8 g/100 g) were utilised as the gelling agents of hydrogels. The molten hydrogels and oleogels (8 g/100 g MAG) were prepared by mechanical mixing at different shear rates to form small-, medium-, and large-hydrogel particles dispersed in the oleogel network. The particle size significantly affected microstructural, rheological, and textural properties, and oil binding capacity (OBC) of the formed bigels. Kappa-carrageenan-based bigel with a small particle size (35.8 μm) had a denser MAG crystal network than the larger counterparts (64.4 and 47.6 μm). The presence of WPC particles inhibited the growth of MAG crystals in WPC-based bigel. Regardless of the type of hydrocolloids used, the incorporated hydrogels having small and medium particle sizes acted as active filler in the bigel matrix, increasing viscoelasticity, hardness and OBC of the resultant bigels. These results highlight the importance of particle size in building a higher degree of internal structure in the bigels that can fine-tune desired physical properties or improve delivery of bioactive compounds.
AlMe3‐Mediated Regio‐ and Chemoselective Reactions of Indole with Carbamoyl Electrophiles (2013)

Abstract Herein, we report the regio‐ and chemoselective reactions of indole with carbamoyl electrophiles in presence of AlMe 3 . Indole‐3‐carboxamide was prepared in one‐step from a reaction of indole with tertiary carbamoylimidazole in the presence AlMe 3 . Under conditions for the formation of an aluminium ate complex, the reaction was diverted to the indole nitrogen. Secondary carbamoyl electrophiles in the presence of AlMe 3 regiospecifically yielded trisubstituted ureas. The regiospecificity and chemoselectivity of the indole nitrogen towards ester and tertiary carbamoylimidazole functionalities were also studied.