gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Data management by using R: big data clinical research series. (2015)

Electronic medical record (EMR) system has been widely used in clinical practice. Instead of traditional record system by hand writing and recording, the EMR makes big data clinical research feasible. The most important feature of big data research is its real-world setting. Furthermore, big data research can provide all aspects of information related to healthcare. However, big data research requires some skills on data management, which however, is always lacking in the curriculum of medical education. This greatly hinders doctors from testing their clinical hypothesis by using EMR. To make ends meet, a series of articles introducing data management techniques are put forward to guide clinicians to big data clinical research. The present educational article firstly introduces some basic knowledge on R language, followed by some data management skills on creating new variables, recoding variables and renaming variables. These are very basic skills and may be used in every project of big data research.
Analyzing strategies to effectively detect changes in content delivery networks (2015)

Content Delivery Networks have gained a popular role among application service providers (ASPs) and infrastructural companies. A CDN is an overlay network that gives more control of asset delivery by strategically placing servers closer to the enduser, reducing response time and network congestion. Many strategies have been proposed to deal with aspects inherent to the CDN distribution model. Though mostly very effective, a traditional CDN approach of statically positioned elements often fails to meet quality of experience (QoE) requirements when network conditions suddenly change. In this paper, we introduce a technique to detect significant changes in a monitored metric of a CDN in order to allow provisioning adaptation of resources, using easy access information with great practical viability. Results show decrease on network resources usage without considerable changes on quality of service (QoS). Furthermore, our technique has similar performance in comparison to an omniscient strategy.
Integration of Fiber Optic Cable Diagnostics within Aerospace Transceivers (2006)

OTDR can enable fault prediction (and circumvention with a certain level of redundancy) and it is possible to enter a new era of fiber optic maintenance concepts. Through fault prediction, is possible to replace or inspect suspect components before catastrophic failures occur. Redundant hardware permits completion of a mission segment with failed components and can lead to just-in-time provisioning of spares at scheduled maintenance periods. Topological loss maps with 10 cm resolution of the entire cable plant can be stored within each transceiver's memory and used as a reference for routine inspections
Periodate oxidation of amino-sugars (1966)

C. B. Barlow, R. D. Guthrie and A. M. Prior, Chem. Commun. (London), 1966, 268 DOI: 10.1039/C19660000268
Discussion: A National Survey to Assess the Population’s Perception of Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma and Breast Implant Illness (2021)

Chi, David M.D., Ph.D.; Ha, Austin Y. M.D.; Keane, Grace A.B.; Myckatyn, Terence M. M.D.Author Information
Release by Electrical Stimulation of Endogenous Glutamate, γ‐Aminobutyric Acid, and Other Amino Acids from Slices of the Rat Medulla Oblongata (1989)

Evidence was obtained for the release of amino acids by electrical stimulation of slices of regions of the rat medulla oblongata: rostral ventrolateral, caudal ventrolateral and caudal dorsomedial. There was a Ca2+-dependent, tetrodotoxin-sensitive increase in the efflux of aspartate, glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glycine, and beta-alanine in all regions examined. There were distinct regional differences in the relative amounts of amino acids released. These results provide evidence for the possible neurotransmitter role of aspartate, glutamate, GABA, glycine, and beta-alanine in these regions of the rat medulla oblongata.
Application of quantitative RT-PCR using "TaqMan" technology to evaluate the expression of CK 18 mRNA in various cell lines. (2000)

Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is often used for sensitive detection of micrometastasis in peripheral blood, lymph nodes and bone marrow. While the utility of this method has been documented, it also has limitations in the detection of micrometastasis. The mRNA of target genes can be detected in healthy donors or in samples used for negative control, therefore the non-quantitativeness of conventional RT-PCR has been called into question. We analyzed the expression level of cytokeratin (CK) 18 mRNA in established esophageal and gastrointestinal carcinoma cell lines and non-epithelial cells, using quantitative RT-PCR, based on real time 'TaqMan TM' technology. CK 18 mRNA is more highly expressed in carcinoma cells than in non-epithelial cells. However, the expression level in non-epithelial cells was easily detected using conventional RT-PCR and agarose gel electrophoresis. In an analysis of CK 18 mRNA expression in peripheral venous blood in 13 healthy volunteers, we found that CK 18 mRNA was much less expressed than in cancer cell lines. However, the expression in all samples was at a level which was also detected using conventional RT-PCR. It would thus seem that not only qualitative, but also quantitative analysis, of the target mRNA is important to detect micrometastasis. Quantitative RT-PCR methods will make comparisons of the possible differences in expression levels of the target gene. For clinical applications, much further study is needed.
Supplementary Figure 6. (B-C) from Combining Homologous Recombination and Phosphopeptide-binding Data to Predict the Impact of <i>BRCA1</i> BRCT Variants on Cancer Risk (2023)

&lt;p&gt;FBTSA assays performed to measure binding of the mutated BRCA1 BRCT domains to ACC1-P, BACH1-P, CtiP-P, AB-1P and AB-2P.&lt;/p&gt;
Determining the roles of the three alcohol dehydrogenases (AdhA, AdhB and AdhE) in Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus during ethanol formation (2017)

Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus is a promising candidate for biofuel production due to the broad range of substrates it can utilize and its high ethanol yield compared to other thermophilic bacteria, such as Clostridium thermocellum. Three alcohol dehydrogenases, AdhA, AdhB and AdhE, play key roles in ethanol formation. To study their physiological roles during ethanol formation, we deleted them separately and in combination. Previously, it has been thought that both AdhB and AdhE were bifunctional alcohol dehydrogenases. Here we show that AdhE has primarily acetyl-CoA reduction activity (ALDH) and almost no acetaldehyde reduction (ADH) activity, whereas AdhB has no ALDH activity and but high ADH activity. We found that AdhA and AdhB have similar patterns of activity. Interestingly, although deletion of both adhA and adhB reduced ethanol production, a single deletion of either one actually increased ethanol yields by 60-70%.
Epidemiologic Features of Kawasaki Disease in Japan: Results of the 2007–2008 Nationwide Survey (2010)

The incidence rate and number of patients with KD in Japan continue to increase.
Functional analysis of the two alternative translation initiation sites of foot-and-mouth disease virus (1995)

The effect of deletion of each of the two authentic polyprotein translation initiation sites of foot-and-mouth disease virus on viral protein synthesis and replication was analyzed. Deletion of either the first or the second initiation site led to the expression of only one form of the leader protein, L or L', respectively, but in vitro processing of the viral polyprotein and cleavage of eIF-4 gamma were not affected by either deletion. Whereas RNA in which the first translation initiation site had been deleted led to the production of viruses in transfected BHK cells, deletion of the second translation initiation site abolished virus replication.
Calibrated Cross-Frequency Backscatter Measurement of Antennas With Time-Varying Loads (2022)

We present the first technique in the open literature for calibrated cross-frequency backscatter measurement of scatterers with time-varying loading. A cross-frequency backscatter parameter is also introduced to enable meaningful comparison between measured and simulated datasets. Cross-frequency backscatter measurements of an example structure are included and compared against numerical simulations using both time-domain and frequency-domain solvers.
Can carbon monoxide polymerize? A theoretical investigation of polyketone (1997)

State of the art ab initio calculations on R(CO)nR (R = H, Me; n = 1–11) indicate that the hypothetical polymer of carbon monoxide, poly-CO, would be energetically less stable than the molecular form only by a few kcal mol–1, making it a plausible stable allotropic form of CO.
Ultrafast nonlinear photonic in cholesteric liquid crystals (Conference Presentation) (2017)

Cholesteric liquid crystals (CLC) has the advantage of large nonlinearity and fast response. This brings great convenience to its applications in ultrafast nonlinear photonic. Here, several kinds of nonlinear phenomenon and applications are reported, such as optical soliton, modulation instability, optical diode effect and pulse compression of cascade CLC samples.
Highly Sulfonated Poly(phenylene sulfone): Preparation and Stability Issues (2009)

This paper presents a preparation route which allows the formation of a poly(phenylene) ionomer containing merely sulfone units (−SO2−) connecting the phenyl rings and in which each phenyl ring is monosulfonated (100% degree of sulfonation). This corresponds to an ion exchange capacity (IEC) of 4.5 mequiv g−1 (equivalent weight of EW = 220 g equiv−1). The preparation succeeded in a two-step process comprising a polycondensation reaction of sulfonated difluorodiphenyl sulfone with sodium sulfide, yielding sulfonated poly(phenylene sulfide sulfone), and the subsequent oxidation to the corresponding sulfonated poly(phenylene sulfone). The polymer was characterized by elemental analysis, NMR, IR, GPC, viscosity measurement, TGA in air and in pure water vapor atmosphere, DSC at low and high temperatures, and ac impedance spectroscopy. Room temperature water absorption isotherms have been determined by equilibrating samples at different relative humidities. Under the chosen reaction conditions, polymers with molecular weights up to Mw ≈ 61 000 g mol−1 were obtained, corresponding to intrinsic viscosities up to 0.73 dL g−1. The water-soluble ionomer exhibits a very high density (ρ = 1.75 g cm−3 in the dry form), no glass transition or melting temperature, and a very high thermooxidative and hydrothermal stability. The latter is attributed to the specific molecular structure consisting of extremely electron-deficient aromatic rings. At high temperature (T = 110−160 °C) and low relative humidities (rh = 50−15%) the proton conductivity exceeds that of Nafion by a factor of 5−7.
An enzymatic spectrophotometric method for the determination of phenylalanine in blood. (1960)

This article describes a simple enzymatic method for the quantitative detection of phenylalanine in blood by using snake venom.
 Useful as a test for diagnosis of the disease phenylketonuria and evaluating the effectiveness of a diet designed to be low
 in phenylalanine, the method is rapid and precise.
Compact device for detecting single event effects in semiconductor components (2015)

The paper describes a compact system for detecting Single Event Effects (SEE) in semiconductor components. The SEE is caused by a hit into a electronic chip with an energetic particle. The hit can cause unexpected behaviour of the system. The tested component is called Device Under Test (DUT). The structure of the system is shown and used components are described with their main tasks. Some of results of the running system are shown.
Fluorescence monitoring of capilarry electrophoresis separation in a lab-on-a-chip with monolithically integrated waveguides (2008)

Femtosecond-laser-written optical waveguides were monolithically integrated into a commercial lab-on-a-chip to intersect a microfluidic channel. Laser excitation through these waveguides confines the excitation window to a width of 12 μm, enabling high-spatial-resolution monitoring of different fluorescent analytes, during their migration/separation in the microfluidic channel by capillary electrophoresis. Wavelength-selective monitoring of the on-chip separation of fluorescent dyes is implemented as a proof-of-principle. We envision well-controlled microfluidic plug formation, waveguide excitation, and a low limit of detection to enable monitoring of extremely small quantities with high spatial resolution.
Promotion of iron-group catalysts by a calcium salt in hydrogasification of coal chars (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPromotion of iron-group catalysts by a calcium salt in hydrogasification of coal charsTetsuya Haga and Yoshiyuki NishiyamaCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1989, 28, 6, 724–728Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00090a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00090a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views134Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION OF FUNCTIONALIZED ISOCYANATES UTILIZING A NOVEL, REACTIVE PYRIDINIUM SALT (1975)

Abstract Das cyclische Urethan (I) reagiert bei der Behandlung mit Tosylchlorid und Pyridin unter Annahme der Zwischenstufe (IV) zu den Pyridiniumsalzen (V), die unter entsprechenden Bedingungen isoliert werden können und in hohen Ausbeuten in die (,o‐Halogen‐propylisocyanate (VI) übergeführt werden.
Kapitza resistance at segregated boundaries in β-SiC (2015)

The impact of grain-boundary segregation on the high-temperature Kapitza resistance of doped β-SiC using non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulation is investigated. In particular, low-angle, symmetric tilt grain boundaries are examined to assess the roles of dopant concentration and dopant/matrix interaction strength in determining the resistance. For relatively weak interaction strengths, dopant clustering predominates, and the Kapitza resistance increases significantly for small changes in dopant concentration. As the dopant/matrix interaction strength is increased, dopant layering is observed with a concomitant gradual increase in resistance with concentration. The different interaction strength regimes are investigated by mapping the spatial distribution of boundary temperatures and by quantifying the degree of spatial ordering at a boundary. It was found that dopant clustering leads to a heat flux parallel to the grain-boundary plane and to significant boundary disorder, partly explaining the observed increase in Kapitza resistance at the boundary.
Absence of CD13 Attenuates Acute Allograft Rejection (2016)

The goal of transplantation is to implant healthy tissues or organs to successfully replace those that are damaged or defective. Currently allo-transplantation is almost universally prevented by immune mediated rejection without significant pharmacological intervention. Traditional methods of immune-suppression expose patients to undesirable risks and side effects, clearly necessitating more specific treatments that will mitigate immune responses to major and minor histocompatibility mismatches between the donors and hosts as well as concurrent inflammatory processes. Clinical trials of biologics targeting T and B cell pathways are ongoing; however, these agents often require combined treatments with other pharmacologics and still cause various adverse events. The alternate approach of establishing immune chimerism by concurrent donorderived hematopoietic cell infusion is promising, but requires a period of induction chemotherapy and has not been successful in some patients. Overexpression of cell surface molecules such as CD200 or CTLA-4 and PD-1 have also been shown to promote donor-specific immune tolerance, but these studies are still early in development. Here, we introduce a novel immune regulator, CD13. Exclusive modulation of CD13 enhanced survival of minor histocompatibility mismatched skin allografts as well as growth of embryonic stem cell-derived teratomas in wild type and CD13 null transgenic mice. Importantly, teratoma growth was identical in immunocompromised mice, implicating an immune mechanism underlying this phenomenon. While absence of CD13 in both grafts and hosts provided optimum results, lack of CD13 in graft tissue alone prevented rejection indefinitely (&gt;100 days). Accepted allografts were associated with increased mast cell numbers but reduced mast cell degranulation, decreased CD8+ cytotoxic T cells and additional significant differences in immune cell profiles in the grafts as well as draining lymph nodes. Transient CD13 blockade in wild-type recipients with a CD13-specific monoclonal antibody also prolonged graft survival. Thus, targeting CD13 may provide an alternate or adjunct therapy to promote transplant survival.
Regeneration of lime from sulfates for fluidized-bed combustion. [Patent application; US DOE] (1977)

In a fluidized-bed combustor the evolving sulfur oxides are reacted with CaO to form calcium sulfate which is then decomposed in the presence of carbonaceous material, such as the fly ash recovered from the combustion, at temperatures of about 900/sup 0/ to 1000/sup 0/C, to regenerate lime. The regenerated lime is then recycled to the fluidized bed combustor to further react with the evolving sulfur oxides. The lime regenerated in this manner is quite effective in removing the sulfur oxides.
Tuning selectivity in nickel oxide-catalyzed oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane through control over non-stoichiometric oxygen density (2020)

Thermally stable nickel oxide cubes are used to vary, exclusively, bulk non-stoichimetric oxygen density, and to rationalize ethene selectivities in the oxidative dehydorgenation of ethane under a wide range of conditions.
Spatial–Temporal Patterns of Historical, Near-Term, and Projected Drought in the Conterminous United States (2021)

Major droughts in the United States have heavily impacted the hydrologic system, negatively effecting energy and food production. Improved understanding of historical drought is critical for accurate forecasts. Data from global climate models (GCMs), commonly used to assess drought, cannot effectively evaluate local patterns because of their low spatial scale. This research leverages downscaled (~4 km grid spacing) temperature and precipitation estimates from nine GCMs’ data under the business-as-usual scenario (Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5) to examine drought patterns. Drought severity is estimated using the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) with the Thornthwaite evapotranspiration method. The specific objectives were (1) To reproduce historical (1966–2005) drought and calculate near-term to future (2011–2050) drought patterns over the conterminous USA. (2) To uncover the local variability of spatial drought patterns in California between 2012 and 2018 using a network-based approach. Our estimates of land proportions affected by drought agree with the known historical drought events of the mid-1960s, late 1970s to early 1980s, early 2000s, and between 2012 and 2015. Network analysis showed heterogeneity in spatial drought patterns in California, indicating local variability of drought occurrence. The high spatial scale at which the analysis was performed allowed us to uncover significant local differences in drought patterns. This is critical for highlighting possible weak systems that could inform adaptation strategies such as in the energy and agricultural sectors.
Discriminative channel addition and reduction for filter bank common spatial pattern in motor imagery BCI (2014)

An electroencephalography (EEG)-based Motor Imagery Brain-Computer Interface (MI-BCI) requires a long setup time if a large number of channels is used, and EEG from noisy or irrelevant channels may adversely affect the classification performance. To address this issue, this paper proposed 2 approaches to systematically select discriminative channels for EEG-based MI-BCI. The proposed Discriminative Channel Addition (DCA) approach and the Discriminative Channel Reduction (DCR) approach selects subject-specific discriminative channels by iteratively adding or removing channels based on the cross-validation classification accuracies obtained using the Filter Bank Common Spatial Pattern algorithm. The performances of the proposed approaches were evaluated on the BCI Competition IV Dataset 2a. The results on 2-class and 4-class MI data showed that DCA, which iteratively adds channels, selected 13~14 channels that consistently yielded better cross-validation accuracies on the training data and session-to-session transfer accuracies on the evaluation data compared to the use of a full 22-channel setup. Hence, this results in a reduced channel setup that could improve the classification accuracy of the MI-BCI after removing less discriminative channels.
Implementation of TOF-PET Systems on Advanced Reconfigurable Logic Devices (2013)

Refraction index 1.85 2.15 1.85 1.82 1.81 Emission peak (nm)
Highly ordered gold-nanotube films for flow-injection amperometric glucose biosensors (2014)

A high surface area of electrodes along with rapid and efficient electron and ion transfer is essential for the development of high-performance electrochemical biosensors. Here, we present a simple and effective shadow evaporation method for the preparation of highly ordered gold (Au)-nanotube films for use as biosensor electrodes. This unique electrode structure results in a large surface area for enzyme immobilization, increased electrode electricity, and accelerated diffusion of electrolyte ions. When electrochemical reactions were tested, the Au-nanotube film electrode exhibits quasi-reversible and diffusion controlled behaviours. The flow-injection amperometric system for glucose biosensors is fabricated using the Au-nanotube films, and resulted in a fast response time of approximately 4 s, a sensitivity of 1.64 μA mM−1, a limit of detection of 0.07 mM, and a linear detection range of 2–20 mM. Moreover, the interference responses from oxidizable species such as ascorbic acid and uric acid are negligible at an operating potential of −0.1 V.