gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrafast and sensitive bioassay using split ring resonator structures and microwave heating (2010)

In this paper, we have reported that split ring resonators (SRRs) structures can be used for bioassay applications in order to further improve the assay time and sensitivity. The proof-of-principle demonstration of the ultrafast bioassays was accomplished by using a model biotin-avidin bioassay. While the identical room temperature bioassay (without microwave heating) took 70 min to complete, the identical bioassay took less than 2 min to complete by using SRR structures (with microwave heating). A lower detection limit of 0.01 nM for biotinylated-bovine serum albumin (100-fold lower than the room temperature bioassay) was observed by using SRR structures.
Automated genomic context analysis and experimental validation platform for discovery of prokaryote transcriptional regulator functions (2014)

These studies provide the proof of concept and validation of a systematic approach to the discovery of the biological activity for proteins of unknown function, in this case a TR. Bxe_B3018 is a methylglyoxal responsive TR that controls the expression of an operon composed of a putative efflux system.
A High Extinction Ratio Polarization Beam Splitter With MMI Couplers on InP Substrate (2015)

A high extinction ratio (ER) polarization beam splitter with three different multimode interference couplers on InP substrate was designed by a three-dimensional beam propagation method. Simulations show that the polarization ER (PER) is over 34 dB and internal loss is <;0.8 dB for both TE and TM polarizations. The PER imbalance between the two polarization states has been reduced to 22 dB. The total length of the device is <;950 μm. The effects of the width of the input port on the performance of the device are discussed in detail.
SOX2 is frequently downregulated in gastric cancers and inhibits cell growth through cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis (2008)

SOX transcription factors are essential for embryonic development and play critical roles in cell fate determination, differentiation and proliferation. We previously reported that the SOX2 protein is expressed in normal gastric mucosae but downregulated in some human gastric carcinomas. To clarify the roles of SOX2 in gastric carcinogenesis, we carried out functional characterisation of SOX2 in gastric epithelial cell lines. Exogenous expression of SOX2 suppressed cell proliferation in gastric epithelial cell lines. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that SOX2-overexpressing cells exhibited cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. We found that SOX2-mediated cell-cycle arrest was associated with decreased levels of cyclin D1 and phosphorylated Rb, and an increased p27(Kip1) level. These cells exhibited further characteristics of apoptosis, such as DNA laddering and caspase-3 activation. SOX2 hypermethylation signals were observed in some cultured and primary gastric cancers with no or weak SOX2 expression. Among the 52 patients with advanced gastric cancers, those with cancers showing SOX2 methylation had a significantly shorter survival time than those without this methylation (P=0.0062). Hence, SOX2 plays important roles in growth inhibition through cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in gastric epithelial cells, and the loss of SOX2 expression may be related to gastric carcinogenesis and poor prognosis.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Lactones via Rh‐Catalyzed Ketone Hydroacylation (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Background and Introduction Strategy and Results Conclusions and Future Directions CV of Vy M. Dong CV of Matthew M. Coulter References
Quantitative analysis of the z-spectrum using a numerically simulated look-up table: Application to the healthy human brain at 7T (2016)

The proposed method demonstrated increased robustness when compared with existing methods (such as Lorentzian fitting and asymmetry analysis) while yielding fully quantitative results. The method can be adjusted to measure other parameters relevant to the z-spectrum. Magn Reson Med 78:645-655, 2017. © 2016 The Authors Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Bisphosphonates: Mechanisms of Action (1998)

I. Introduction II. Chemistry III. Effects in Vivo A. Inhibition of calcification B. Inhibition of bone resorption C. Effects on bone formation D. Effects on noncalcified tissues IV. Mechanisms of Action A. Calcification B. Bone resorption C. Other effects V. Pharmacokinetics VI. Animal Toxicology and Human Adverse Events A. Animal toxicology B. Human adverse events VII. Conclusion
Learning control for a biped walking robot with a trunk (2002)

The authors propose learning control methods for compensative trunk motion for a biped walking robot that has a trunk, based on the ZMP (zero moment point) stability criterion, for the cases of the ZMP being inside the stable region and outside the stable region, respectively. They have developed a biped walking robot with a ZMP measurement system and a support device. The results of computer simulation and learning control experiments confirm the convergence of the learning methods and the change of the convergence rate with the change of the weight coefficient. The learning control experiments for the case of the ZMP being outside the stable region show that even though the walking state of the robot itself changes, with the support of a human and by its learning with the ZMP and the support force, stable walking even without the support of a human ultimately is realized.
Liposomes-based Nanoplatform Enlarges Ultrasound-related Diagnostic and Therapeutic Precision (2021)

Ultrasound (US) is recognized in the medical field as a safe and effective imaging modality due to its lack of ionizing radiation, non-invasive approach, and real-time monitoring capability. Accompanying recent progress in nanomedicine, US has been providing hope of theranostic capability not only for imaging-based diagnosis but also for US-based therapy by taking advantage of the bioeffects induced by US. Cavitation, sonoporation, thermal effects, and other cascade effects stimulated by acoustic energy conversion have contributed to medical problem-solving in the past decades, although to varying degrees of efficacy in comparison to other methods. Recently, the usage of liposomesbased nanoplatform fuels the development of nanomedicine and provides novel clinical strategies for antitumor, thrombolysis, and controlled drug release. The merging of novel liposome-based nanoplatforms and US-induced reactions has promise for a new blueprint for future medicine. In the present review article, the value of liposome-based nanoplatforms in US-related diagnosis and therapy will be discussed and summarized along with potential future directions for further investigations.
AICA riboside increases AMP-activated protein kinase, fatty acid oxidation, and glucose uptake in rat muscle (1997)

5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) has previously been reported to be taken up into cells and phosphorylated to form ZMP, an analog of 5'-AMP. This study was designed to determine whether AICAR can activate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in skeletal muscle with consequent phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), decrease in malonyl-CoA, and increase in fatty acid oxidation. Rat hindlimbs were perfused with Krebs-Henseleit bicarbonate containing 4% bovine serum albumin, washed bovine red blood cells, 200 microU/ml insulin, and 10 mM glucose with or without AICAR (0.5-2.0 mM). Perfusion with medium containing AICAR was found to activate AMPK in skeletal muscle, inactivate ACC, and decrease malonyl-CoA. Hindlimbs perfused with 2 mM AICAR for 45 min exhibited a 2.8-fold increase in fatty acid oxidation and a significant increase in glucose uptake. No difference was observed in oxygen uptake in AICAR vs. control hindlimb. These results provide evidence that decreases in muscle content of malonyl-CoA can increase the rate of fatty acid oxidation.
Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor gene expression in the developing zebrafish (1997)

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a member of the neurotrophin family of polypeptides that includes NGF, NT-3, NT-4/5 and NT-6. Although neurotrophins are known to be expressed in teleost fishes little is known about their functions in the development of these vertebrates. We are therefore studying BDNF in the zebrafish, Danio rerio. The structure of zebrafish BDNF mRNA was established using PCR and cDNA cloning. The encoded BDNF was 91% identical to mammalian BDNF. Southern blot analysis revealed a unique BDNF gene. Northern blot analysis detected two heterogeneous populations of BDNF transcripts centered at 1.6 and 2 kb. BDNF transcripts were first measurable 24 h post-fertilization (pf). Their abundance relative to total transcripts increased 6-fold between 1 day and 3 days pf and again 2-fold by 7 days pf. In situ hybridization analyses of 4-day-old larvae revealed BDNF transcripts in the retina, brain, otic vesicle, pectoral fin and the hair cells of the neuromast. The early onset and cellular sites of expression suggest that BDNF functions in nervous system and fin development in the zebrafish.
Current Strategy for Staging and Treatment: The BCLC Update and Future Prospects (2010)

Staging and treatment indication are relevant topics in the management of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and for optimal results, they have to take into account liver function, tumor stage, and physical status. For any staging system to be meaningful it has to link staging with treatment indication; this should be based on robust scientific data. Currently, the sole proposal that serves both aims is the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) approach. It takes into account the relevant parameters of all important dimensions and divides patients into very early/early, intermediate, advanced, and end-stage. Early-stage HCC patients should be considered for potentially curative options such as resection, ablation, and transplantation. Patients at intermediate stage benefit from chemoembolization, whereas patients at an advanced stage, or who cannot benefit from options of higher priority, have sorafenib as the standard treatment. Finally, patients at end-stage should merely receive palliative care.
(S,S)-1,2-Diphenylethylenediamine (2002)

[35132-20-8][(R,R)-form]

InChI = 1S/C14H16N2/c15-13(11-7-3-1-4-8-11)14(16)12-9-5-2-6-10-12/h1-10,13-14H,15-16H2/t13-,14-/m1/s1

InChIKey = PONXTPCRRASWKW-ZIAGYGMSSA-N


[29841-69-8][(S,S)-form] C14H16N2 (MW 212.29)

InChI = 1S/C14H16N2/c15-13(11-7-3-1-4-8-11)14(16)12-9-5-2-6-10-12/h1-10,13-14H,15-16H2/t13-,14-/m0/s1

InChIKey = PONXTPCRRASWKW-KBPBESRZSA-N







(chiral diamine ligand for transition1, 2 and main-group3 metals; optical resolution agent;4 chiral solvating agent in NMR analysis;5, 6 precursor of chiral auxiliaries7)



Alternate Name: (S,S)-DPEN; (S,S)-1,2-diphenyl-1,2-ethanediamine; (S,S)-1,2-diamino-1,2-diphenylethane; (S,S)-stilbenediamine; (S,S)-α,β-diaminodihydrostilbene.



Physical Data: mp 85–86.5 °C;8 [α]23D −106 ± 1 (c 1.1, MeOH).9



Solubility: soluble in benzene, chloroform, dichloromethane, ethanol, diethyl ether, methanol, THF; modestly soluble in hot hexane, hot water.



Form Supplied in: colorless solid.



Analysis of Reagent Purity: 1H-NMR analysis of its salt with l-mandelic acid.9, 10



Preparative Methods: (i) preparation of racemic DPEN and its optical resolution:8, 9 Reaction of benzil and cyclohexanone in the presence of ammonium acetate and acetic acid at reflux temperature gives a cyclic bis-imine 1 (eq 1).9 Stereoselective reduction of the bis-imine with lithium in THF-liquid ammonia at −78 °C followed by addition of ethanol, then hydrolysis with hydrochloric acid and neutralization with sodium hydroxide produces the racemic diamine 2. Recrystallization of the l-tartaric acid salt from a 1:1 water–ethanol mixture followed by neutralization with sodium hydroxide, recrystallization from hexane results in (S,S)-DPEN 3 as colorless crystals. 

(1)

(ii) Transformation from (R,R)-diphenylethyleneglycol: (R,R)-Diphenylethyleneglycol prepared by Sharpless dihydroxylation11 of trans-stilbene is treated with 2.4 equiv of p-tosyl chloride, and the resulting ditosylate is converted with 2.6 equiv of sodium azide to the S,S-configured diazide without racemization. The diazide is reduced by lithium aluminum hydride to afford (S,S)-DPEN (eq 2).12 This transformation is also achieved via its cyclic sulfate13 or sulfite.14 Asymmetric borane reduction of a bisiminodiphenylethane derivative15 and asymmetric imino pinacol-type coupling16 are also reported. 

(2)



Purification: recrystallization from hexane.8, 9



Handling, Storage, and Precautions: DPEN is substantially stable. No special handling care is required.
Effects of meteorology on long-range nonlinear propagation of jet noise from a static, high-performance military aircraft (2018)

Nonlinear propagation of noise from military jet aircraft has been fairly well documented, but only within a few hundred meters from the aircraft. This paper describes analysis of nonlinear propagation for morning static runups of F-35 aircraft at greater distances, out to 1220 m near the direction of maximum radiation and at heights ranging from 0 m up to 30.5 m. A comparison of overall levels with distance and height reveals evidence of significant atmospheric refraction effects, and a general trend of decreasing level with height. Examination of nonlinearity metrics reveals opposite behavior, however. At these distances, nonlinear propagation effects are often strongest in waveforms with lower sound levels, which is counterintuitive. One important finding, however, is that acoustic shock strength can vary greatly from runup to runup, even for seemingly small changes in atmospheric conditions. This analysis demonstrates the need for further research into long-range nonlinear propagation of jet noise through realistic atmospheric conditions.
Vibration Elimination for Quadrotor Slung System Based on Input Shaping and Double Closed-loop Control (2019)

Undesirable residual vibration in dynamical system always causes many problems in logistic industries. For instance, a quadrotor is now considered to be used to deliver cargos instead of road transportation. However, the swing of cargos during the transportation process always causes threat to its safety and stability. In this paper, the mathematical model of a quadrotor slung system is established, and a double closed-loop control strategy is proposed, together with an input shaping design, to reduce the swing angle of load and keep quadrotor stable simultaneously in the presence of system uncertainties. Some numerical simulations are presented and the results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
A novel signal detection technique based on generalized scale transforms (2006)

We are presenting an extension to the classic multiple signal classification method (MUSIC) developed by Schmidt and Bienvenu in 1979. While the classic MUSIC algorithm is limited to the detection of constant frequency sinusoids in white noise, the proposed new method is capable of detecting signals with a continuously varying instantaneous frequency. The method is based on the development of a discrete-time version of the generalized scale transform (GST) which was introduced by Nickel and Williams in 1999. As a byproduct we obtain techniques for discrete-time warp-shift invariant filtering which can be used in addition to the signal detection to separate signals with different instantaneous frequency contours.
Real-Time Power Control for Dynamic Optical Networks—Algorithms and Experimentation (2014)

Core and aggregation optical networks are remarkably static, despite the emerging dynamic capabilities of the individual optical devices. This stems from the inability to address optical impairments in real-time. As a result, tasks such as adding and removing wavelengths take a substantial amount of time, and therefore, optical networks are over-provisioned and inefficient in terms of capacity and energy. Optical Performance Monitors (OPMs) that assess the Quality of Transmission (QoT) in real-time can be used to overcome these inefficiencies. However, prior work mostly focused on the single link level. In this paper, we present a network-wide optimization algorithm that leverages OPM measurements to dynamically control the wavelengths' power levels. Hence, it allows adding and dropping wavelengths quickly while mitigating the impacts of impairments caused by these actions, thereby facilitating efficient operation of higher layer protocols. We evaluate the algorithm's performance using a network-scale optical simulator under real-world scenarios and show that the ability to add and drop wavelengths dynamically can lead to significant power savings. Moreover, we experimentally evaluate the algorithm in an optical testbed and discuss the practical implementation issues. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first attempt at providing a global power control algorithm that uses live OPM measurements to enable dynamic optical networking.
Polarized He-3 spin filters for slow neutron physics (2005)

Polarized (3)He spin filters are needed for a variety of experiments with slow neutrons. Their demonstrated utility for highly accurate determination of neutron polarization are critical to the next generation of betadecay correlation coefficient measurements. In addition, they are broadband devices that can polarize large area and high divergence neutron beams with little gamma-ray background, and allow for an additional spin-flip for systematic tests. These attributes are relevant to all neutron sources, but are particularly well-matched to time of flight analysis at spallation sources. There are several issues in the practical use of (3)He spin filters for slow neutron physics. Besides the essential goal of maximizing the (3)He polarization, we also seek to decrease the constraints on cell lifetimes and magnetic field homogeneity. In addition, cells with highly uniform gas thickness are required to produce the spatially uniform neutron polarization needed for beta-decay correlation coefficient experiments. We are currently employing spin-exchange (SE) and metastability-exchange (ME) optical pumping to polarize (3)He, but will focus on SE. We will discuss the recent demonstration of 75 % (3)He polarization, temperature-dependent relaxation mechanism of unknown origin, cell development, spectrally narrowed lasers, and hybrid spin-exchange optical pumping.
Integrated Control of Rotating Stall and Surge in High-Speed Multi-Stage Compression Systems (1997)

Aeroengines operate in regimes for which both rotating stall and surge impose low flow operability limits. Thus, active control strategies designed to enhance operability of aeroengines must address both rotating stall and surge as well as their interaction. In this paper, a previously developed nonlinear control strategy that achieves simultaneous active control of rotating stall and surge is applied to a high-speed 3-stage axial flow compression system with operating parameters representative of modern aeroengines. The controller is experimentally validated for 2 compressor builds and its robustness to radial distortion assessed. For actuation, the control strategy utilizes an annulus-averaged bleed valve with bandwidth on the order of the rotor frequency. For sensing, measurements of the circumferential asymmetry and annulus-averaged unsteadiness of the flow through the compressor are used. Experimental validation of simultaneous control of rotating stall and surge in a high-speed environment with minimal sensing and actuation requirements is viewed as another important step towards applying active control to enhance operability of compression systems in modem aeroengines.
Hot Start PCR (2010)

Hot Start activation approaches are increasingly being used to improve the performance of PCR. Since the inception of Hot Start as a means of blocking DNA polymerase extension at lower temperatures, a number of approaches have been developed that target the essential reaction components such as magnesium ion, DNA polymerase, oligonucleotide primers, and dNTPs. Herein, five different Hot Start activation protocols are presented. The first method presents the use of barriers as a means of segregating key reaction components until a Hot Start activation step. The second and third protocols demonstrate Hot Start approaches to block DNA polymerase activity through the use of anti-DNA polymerase antibodies and accessory proteins, respectively. The fourth and fifth protocols utilize thermolabile chemical modifications to the oligonucleotide primers and dNTPs. The results presented demonstrate that all protocols significantly improve the specificity of traditional thermal cycling protocols.
Critical Review on Nanofluids: Preparation, Characterization, and Applications (2016)

Heat transfer fluids are a crucial parameter that affects the size and costs of heat exchangers. However, the available coolants like water and oils have low thermal conductivities, which put many limitations to the development of heat transfer to achieve high performance cooling. The need for development of new classes of fluids which enhance the heat transfer capabilities attracted the attention of many researchers. In the last few decades, modern nanotechnology developed nanoparticles, which have unique thermal and electrical properties that could help improve heat transfer using nanofluids. A “nanofluid” is a fluid with suspended fine nanoparticles which increases the heat transfer properties compared with the original fluid. Nanofluids are considered a new generation of heat transfer fluids and are considered two-phase fluids of liquid solid mixtures. The efficiency of the fluid could be improved by enhancing its thermal properties, especially the thermal conductivity, and it is expected that the nanofluids will have a greater thermal conductivity than the base fluids. This paper reviews the preparation of metallic and nonmetallic nanofluids along with the stability of the produced nanofluids. Physical and thermal properties as well as a range of applications are also discussed in detail.
Influence of the development of particle morphology upon rates of loss of volatile solutes during drying of drops (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInfluence of the development of particle morphology upon rates of loss of volatile solutes during drying of dropsJorge M. Sunkel and C. Judson KingCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1993, 32, 10, 2357–2364Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00022a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00022a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views124Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts