gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Study on Stereoselective Glycosylations via Sulfonium Ion Intermediates (2016)

The stereoselective synthesis of 1,2‐ cis ‐linkages can be achieved by an Sn2‐like displacement of glycosylation intermediates such as glycosyl triflates and sulfonium ions, provided that they display the right combination of stability and reactivity. Herein, we report the use of an achiral auxiliary that can impose neighboring group participation to afford glycosyl sulfonium ions, aided by the Thorpe–Ingold effect. We investigated the glycosylation properties of the sulfonium ions and used variable temperature NMR (VT‐NMR) studies to investigate their role in the glycosylation mechanism. The influence of the structure of the auxiliary, the protecting groups and stereochemistry of the glycosyl donor were investigated and led to the identification of a highly α‐selective galactose donor.
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Signal Transactivation (2000)

Cross-communication between heterologous signaling systems and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been shown to be critical for a variety of biological responses: EGFR transactivation when G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are stimulated represents the paradigm of an interreceptor network that is dependent on G-proteins, kinases, metalloproteases, and growth factor precursors. Investigating the mechanism of this process will help expand our knowledge of physiological regulatory mechanisms and diverse pathophysiological disorders.
Postoperative radiotherapy for ependymoma (2012)

We observed good survival rates, and histologic grade was a prognostic factor affecting the OS and PFS. Almost all recurrence occurred in primary tumor site, thus we suggest further evaluation on intensity-modulated radiotherapy or stereotatic radiosurgery for high-risk patients such as who have anaplastic ependymoma.
Development of novel human in vitro vascularized adipose tissue model with functional macrophages (2020)

Inflammation has been proven significant factor in development of type 2 diabetes. So far, most of the adipose tissue related research has been performed in animals, mainly rodent models. The relevance of translation of animal results to humans is questionable. However, in vitro model with relevant human cell source, such as human adipose tissue stromal cells (hASC), can be developed and should be utilized for human adipose tissue research. We developed in vitro models of human adipose tissue utilizing hASC, endothelial cells and monocytes/macrophages. By isolating endothelial cells and macrophages from same adipose tissue as hASC, we were able to provide method for constructing personalized models of adipose tissue. With these models, we studied the effect of macrophages on adipogenesis and protein secretion, with and without vasculature. The models were analyzed for immunocytochemical markers, cell number, triglyceride accumulation and protein secretion. We found that lipid accumulation was greater in adipocytes in the presence of macrophages. Interferon gamma increased this difference between adipocyte culture and Adipocyte-Macrophage co-culture. Protein secretion was affected more by macrophages when vasculature was not present compared to the mild effect when vasculature was present. The vascularized adipose model with macrophages is valuable tool for human adipose tissue research, especially for the personalized medicine approaches; for choosing the right treatments and for studying rare medical conditions.
The stability and bioaccessibility of fucoxanthin in spray-dried microcapsules based on various biopolymers (2018)

Fucoxanthin is a major marine carotenoid with many biological activities. It is well known that fucoxanthin is unstable to heat and acid due to its polyunsaturated structure. Another defect of fucoxanthin is the low bioavailability and all these drawbacks make it limited in the food industry. In order to improve its stability and intestinal absorption, fucoxanthin was encapsulated with biopolymers by spray drying in this study. All the microspheres we prepared had a spherical shape with encapsulation efficiencies (EE) ranging from 86.48% to 97.06%. A heat stability test showed that maltodextrin (MD), gum arabic (GA) and whey protein isolate (WPI) improved the thermal stability of fucoxanthin. The degradation kinetics of the loaded fucoxanthin encapsulated with biopolymers also indicated that GA and MD had a better protective effect on fucoxanthin. The encapsulated fucoxanthin degradation rate within MD, GA, WPI and gelatin (GEL) followed second-order kinetics and their half-life (<i>t</i> <sub>1/2</sub>) was 92.6 d, 99.8 d, 50.9 d and 69.3 d, respectively. The simulated digestion test <i>in vitro</i> suggested that MD, GA and WPI effectively protected fucoxanthin in the gastric acid environment, meanwhile increasing the release rate of fucoxanthin in the intestinal tract.
Microstructure Development in Unsupported Thin Films (2002)

To better understand the role of the substrate in the microstructural evolution of thin films, unsupported nanocrystalline yttrium‐stabilized zirconia (ZrO 2 :16%Y or YSZ) films were examined as a function of temperature and annealing time. Grain growth, texturing, and pinhole formation were measured using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron diffraction. Films were produced and subsequently annealed on metallic grids using a previously developed technique that results in near full density films at low annealing temperatures. Microstructural evolution in these films was unique compared with constrained films. Grains were found to spheroidize much more readily, ultimately resulting in the formation of porosity and pinholes. Grain growth was found to stagnate at a size particular to each annealing temperature, presumably due to the effects of Zener pinning. It is proposed that the lack of substrate strain and confinement effects allows for the dominance of surface energetics with respect to microstructural evolution.
What is the advantage of cooperation in self-organizing networks? (2013)

Self-organizing network (SON) functions can be characterized by their required cooperation between the network elements (NEs). The cooperation among the NEs can include a multitude of possible actions, such as reporting of alarms or coordination of joint parameter modifications at multiple NEs. However, the question for the advantage of cooperation among the NEs in SONs is still an open research topic. By limiting the cooperation between the NEs, the required architectures for utilizing the SON function at hand can be simplified, which in turn can lead to cost savings. In this paper, we investigate the impact of degraded cooperation among the NEs on the SON architecture required and on the performance in a joint capacity and coverage optimization (CCO) use case. For the scenario investigated, we observe that the performance decreases dramatically when decreasing the cooperation among the NEs. However, we can also show that the exchange of information, such as the values of considered key performance indicators (KPIs), among the NEs is more important for an efficient operation than the coordination of the NE's actions. Our results show that, a centralized approach outperforms distributed and localized approaches for the CCO use case investigated.
The crystal structure and phase transitions of the magnetic shape memory compound Ni2MnGa (2002)

High resolution neutron powder diffraction and single crystal measurements on the ferromagnetic shape memory compound Ni2MnGa have been carried out. They enabled the sequence of transformations which take place when the unstressed, stoichiometric compound is cooled from 400 to 20 K to be established. For the first time the crystallographic structure of each of the phases which occur has been determined. At 400 K the compound has the cubic L21 structure, and orders ferromagnetically at TC ≈ 365 K. On cooling below ∼ 260 K a super-structure, characterized by tripling of the repeat in one of the ⟨110⟩cubic directions, forms. This phase, known as the pre-martensitic phase, persists down to the structural phase transition at TM ≈ 200 K and can be described by an orthorhombic unit cell with lattice parameters aortho = 1/√2acubic, bortho = 3/√2acubic, cortho = acubic and space group Pnnm. Below TM the compound has a related orthorhombic super-cell with bortho ≈ 7/√2acubic, which can be described within the same space group. The new modulation appears abruptly at TM and remains stable down to at least 20 K.
Machine Visual Motion Detection Modeled On Vertebrate Retina (1988)

Real-time motion analysis would be very useful for autonomous undersea vehicle (AUV) navigation, target tracking, homing, and obstacle avoidance. The perception of motion is well developed in animals from insects to man, providing solutions to similar problems. We have therefore applied a model of the motion analysis subnetwork in the vertebrate retina to visual navigation in the AUV. The model is currently implemented in the C programming language as a discrete- time serial approximation of a continuous-time parallel process. Running on an IBM-PC/AT with digitized video camera images, the system can detect and describe motion in a 16 by 16 receptor field at the rate of 4 updates per second. The system responds accurately with direction and speed information to images moving across the visual field at velocities less than 8 degrees of visual angle per second at signal-to-noise ratios greater than 3. The architecture is parallel and its sparse connections do not require long-term modifications. The model is thus appropriate for implementation in VLSI optoelectronics.
Waste solidification USA. [Near- and longer-term technology for high-level liquid waste] (1976)

This paper is a summary of technology for the solidification of high-level liquid waste (HLLW), as presented in Section 6 of ''alternatives for Managing Wastes from Reactors and Post-Fission Operations in the LWR Fuel Cycle,'' (ERDA-76-43). Characteristics of U.S. HLLW are described. Near-term technology for solidification is discussed: fluidized-bed calcination, vitrification, spray calcination, melting, encasement. Longer-term technology, including metal matrix process, supercalcine, and multiple barrier forms, is considered. (DLC)
Field Dependent Self-Heating Effects in High-Power AlGaN/GaN HEMTs (2009)

In this work, we investigate the self-heating behaviour of high-power AlGaN/GaN HEMTs. Micro-Raman thermography measurements were carried out to determine the device temperature at different power and applied voltage levels. We found that drain voltage influences the device temperature distribution when the dissipated power is kept constant by applying a gate bias. This effect was then investigated and explained by use of numerical electro-thermal device simulations.
Efficient character-level taint tracking for Java (2009)

Over 80% of web services are vulnerable to attack, and much of the danger arises from command injection vulnerabilities. We present an efficient character-level taint tracking system for Java web applications and argue that it can be used to defend against command injection vulnerabilities. Our approach involves modification only to Java library classes and the implementation of the Java servlets framework, so it requires only a one-time modification to the server without any subsequent modifications to a web application's bytecode or access to the web application's source code. This makes it easy to deploy our technique and easy to secure legacy web software. Our preliminary experiments with the JForum web application suggest that character-level taint tracking adds 0-15% runtime overhead.
Cysteine depletion targets leukemia stem cells through inhibition of electron transport complex II (2019)

We have previously demonstrated that oxidative phosphorylation is required for the survival of human leukemia stem cells (LSCs) from patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). More recently, we demonstrated that LSCs in patients with de novo AML rely on amino acid metabolism to drive oxidative phosphorylation. Notably, although overall levels of amino acids contribute to LSC energy metabolism, our current findings suggest that cysteine may be of particular importance for LSC survival. We demonstrate that exogenous cysteine is metabolized exclusively to glutathione. Upon cysteine depletion, glutathione synthesis is impaired, leading to reduced glutathionylation of succinate dehydrogenase A (SDHA), a key component of electron transport chain complex (ETC) II. Loss of SDHA glutathionylation impairs ETC II activity, thereby inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation, reducing production of ATP, and leading to LSC death. Given the role of cysteine in driving LSC energy production, we tested cysteine depletion as a potential therapeutic strategy. Using a novel cysteine-degrading enzyme, we demonstrate selective eradication of LSCs, with no detectable effect on normal hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Together, these findings indicate that LSCs are aberrantly reliant on cysteine to sustain energy metabolism, and that targeting this axis may represent a useful therapeutic strategy.
Low temperature vapor phase digestion of graphite (2023)

A method for digestion and gasification of graphite for removal from an underlying surface is described. The method can be utilized to remove graphite remnants of a formation process from the formed metal piece in a cleaning process. The method can be particularly beneficial in cleaning castings formed with graphite molding materials. The method can utilize vaporous nitric acid (HNO.sub.3) or vaporous HNO.sub.3 with air/oxygen to digest the graphite at conditions that can avoid damage to the underlying surface.
Advances and Emerging Applications of Spectral-domain Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging in Ophthalmology (2012)

Evaluation and monitoring of many ocular diseases require the visualization of vitreal, retinal, and subretinal microscopic structures. Optical coherence tomography (OCT), first reported in 1991,1 is an interferometric tool for 3D imaging of objects hidden in scattering media such as the human eye. With spatial resolution of just a few microns, this non-invasive imaging system […]
COVID-19 in Elderly, Immunocompromised or Diabetic Patients—From Immune Monitoring to Clinical Management in the Hospital (2022)

The novel, highly transmissible severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has triggered a pandemic of acute respiratory illness worldwide and remains a huge threat to the healthcare system's capacity to respond to COVID-19. Elderly and immunocompromised patients are at increased risk for a severe course of COVID-19. These high-risk groups have been identified as developing diminished humoral and cellular immune responses. Notably, SARS-CoV-2 RNA remains detectable in nasopharyngeal swabs of these patients for a prolonged period of time. These factors complicate the clinical management of these vulnerable patient groups. To date, there are no well-defined guidelines for an appropriate duration of isolation for elderly and immunocompromised patients, especially in hospitals or nursing homes. The aim of the present study was to characterize at-risk patient cohorts capable of producing a replication-competent virus over an extended period after symptomatic COVID-19, and to investigate the humoral and cellular immune responses and infectivity to provide a better basis for future clinical management. In our cohort, the rate of positive viral cultures and the sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 antigen tests correlated with higher viral loads. Elderly patients and patients with diabetes mellitus had adequate cellular and humoral immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection, while immunocompromised patients had reduced humoral and cellular immune responses. Our patient cohort was hospitalized for longer compared with previously published cohorts. Longer hospitalization was associated with a high number of nosocomial infections, representing a potential hazard for additional complications to patients. Most importantly, regardless of positive SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection, no virus was culturable beyond a cycle threshold (ct) value of 33 in the majority of samples. Our data clearly indicate that elderly and diabetic patients develop a robust immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and may be safely de-isolated at a ct value of more than 35.
Accuracy of Continuous Jugular Bulb Oximetry in the Intensive Care Unit (1998)

Continuous ICU SjO2 monitoring correlates significantly with in vitro values, but less so than previously described during intracranial surgery. Although sensitivity of the bedside monitor to detect confirmed desaturations remains an issue, the high specificity indicates that it is less of a concern that patients may be misdiagnosed as having desaturations resulting in unnecessary interventions. Nonetheless, suspected jugular bulb desaturation should be verified before taking therapeutic actions.
Aiming Perfectly in the Dark - Blind Interference Alignment through Staggered Antenna Switching (2010)

We propose a blind interference alignment scheme for the vector broadcast channel where the transmitter is equipped with M antennas and there are K receivers, each equipped with a reconfigurable antenna capable of switching among M preset modes. Without any knowledge of the channel coefficient values at the transmitters and with only mild assumptions on the channel coherence structure we show that MK/(M+K-1) degrees of freedom are achievable. The key to the blind interference alignment scheme is the ability of the receivers to switch between reconfigurable antenna modes to create short term channel fluctuation patterns that are exploited by the transmitter. The achievable scheme does not require cooperation between transmit antennas and is therefore applicable to the M×K X network as well. Only finite symbol extensions are used, and no channel knowledge at the receivers is required to null the interference.
A characterization of globally consistent databases and their correct access paths (1983)

The representative instance is proposed as a representation of the data stored in a database whose relations are not the projections of a universal instance. Database schemes are characterized for which local consistency implies global consistency. (Local consistency means that each relation satisfies its own functional dependencies; global consistency means that the representative instance satisfies all the functional dependencies.) A method of efficiently computing projections of the representative instance is given, provided that local consistency implies global consistency. Throughout, it is assumed that a cover of the functional dependencies is embodied in the database scheme in the form of keys.
Implementing and Evaluating a Pilot Therapeutic Music Program in the Intensive Care Unit (2022)

Background: Therapeutic music has been shown to provide significant physical and mental health benefits to patients, yet limited information is available on the impact of live classical music in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting.&#x0D; Objective: The purpose of this initiative was to implement and evaluate a therapeutic music program in the ICU.&#x0D; Methods: A descriptive survey methodology was used to obtain information from volunteer musicians and clinical nurses. Researchers used a 12-item anonymous web-based survey to collect information on the therapeutic music program's acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility. The survey also included questions addressing potential barriers to and facilitators of implementing therapeutic music in the ICU.&#x0D; Results: A total of 15 nursing staff and 6 volunteer musicians completed the online survey. Of the 15 nurse respondents (9 clinical nursing staff, 3 advanced practice, 3 other), a majority (n=10, 66.7%) identified that therapeutic music was acceptable in the ICU. Similarly, a majority (n=11, 73.3%) indicated that therapeutic music was appropriate and feasible. Of the volunteer musicians, all (n=6, 100%) identified several factors that helped to facilitate the program including having an upright piano with large casters (wheels) for enhanced mobility to play music. Most (n=5, 83.3%) identified having a patient and family-centered care environment and supportive ICU staff, and four (66.7%) identified private ICU rooms and trained musicians as useful. Several barriers were also identified, including severity of patient illness and infection prevention concerns (n=5, 83.3%), space limitations in the ICU and patient privacy concerns (n=2, 33.35%), and patients being asleep (n=1, 16.75%).&#x0D; Conclusions: The results of this initiative indicated that therapeutic music in the ICU was rated as acceptable, appropriate, and feasible. Volunteer musicians reported the ability to provide live music in the ICU to be a beneficial and enjoyable experience. The program has been transitioned to a virtual format using a large iPad on wheels due to COVID-19-related visitation restrictions.
A microwave miniaturized linearizer using a parallel diode with a bias feed resistance (1997)

A miniaturized linearizer using a parallel diode with a bias feed resistance has been proposed. The linearizer has positive gain and negative phase deviations and can be used as a linearizer for power amplifiers. These characteristics are provided by a nonlinearity of the diode and movement of bias point caused by a voltage drop at the bias feed resistance. By applying this linearizer to an S-band power amplifier, improvement of adjacent channel leakage power of 5 dB and improvement of power-added efficiency of 8.5% have been achieved for the /spl pi//4-shift QPSK modulated signal.
Networks of hydrogen bonds between pyridones ‐ structure breaking effects by organic solvents and sensor applications (1996)

Abstract Pyridone shows self‐assembling properties via hydrogen bonds as can be shown by IR‐spectroscopy. In this way networks are formed by intermolecular interaction of tris‐(2‐pyridone‐5‐carbonacid)‐glycerol ester, each molecule containing three units of pyridone. The structure breaking effect of organic solvents leads to a reduced ordering of this material and can be observed directly by hyperchromic changes of the UV‐absorbance. This process is traced by capacity measurements as the unpaired structures of pyridone possess a strong dipole moment. For this purpose the permittivity of an interdigital capacitor (IDC) coated with a thin solid film of the network‐forming material is measured in an atmosphere of organic solvent vapours.
Non-stenotic Carotid Plaques in Embolic Stroke of Unknown Source (2021)

Embolic stroke of unknown source (ESUS) represents one in five ischemic strokes. Ipsilateral non-stenotic carotid plaques are identified in 40% of all ESUS. In this narrative review, we summarize the evidence supporting the potential causal relationship between ESUS and non-stenotic carotid plaques; discuss the remaining challenges in establishing the causal link between non-stenotic plaques and ESUS and describe biomarkers of potential interest for future research. In support of the causal relationship between ESUS and non-stenotic carotid plaques, studies have shown that plaques with high-risk features are five times more prevalent in the ipsilateral vs. the contralateral carotid and there is a lower incidence of atrial fibrillation during follow-up in patients with ipsilateral non-stenotic carotid plaques. However, non-stenotic carotid plaques with or without high-risk features often coexist with other potential etiologies of stroke, notably atrial fibrillation (8.5%), intracranial atherosclerosis (8.4%), patent foramen ovale (5-9%), and atrial cardiopathy (2.4%). Such puzzling clinical associations make it challenging to confirm the causal link between non-stenotic plaques and ESUS. There are several ongoing studies exploring whether select protein and RNA biomarkers of plaque progression or vulnerability could facilitate the reclassification of some ESUS as large vessel strokes or help to optimize secondary prevention strategies.