gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of Ser50 phosphorylation in SCG10 regulation of microtubule depolymerization (2005)

Members of the stathmin-like protein family depolymerize microtubules (MTs), probably due to the ability of each stathmin monomer to bind two tubulin heterodimers in a complex (T(2)S complex). SCG10, a member of this family, is localized in the growth cone of neurons. It has four identified sites of serine phosphorylation (S50, S63, S73, and S97). Of these, S50 and S97 are phosphorylated by cAMP-dependent protein kinase, an enzyme involved in growth cone guidance. When the equivalent sites in stathmins are phosphorylated, they lose their ability to depolymerize MTs. We investigated the specific role of the two cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) phosphorylation sites in SCG10. A mutant of SCG10 phosphorylated only on S50 retained the ability to depolymerize MTs, but SCG10 phosphorylated on S97 or on both S50 and S97 lost MT-depolymerizing activity. Surface plasmon resonance studies revealed that the phosphorylation of SCG10 at these sites reduced the tubulin heterodimer binding, mainly due to a reduced rate of association. In particular, compared to the two other phosphorylated forms, SCG10 phosphorylated at S50 had a significantly smaller dissociation constant for the binding of the first tubulin heterodimer and larger association and dissociation rate constants for the binding of the second heterodimer. This indicates that the phosphorylation of S50 compensates for the effect of phosphorylation at other sites by modulating T2S complex formation. Furthermore, these results suggest that S50-P maintains MT-depolymerizing activity, which indicates that the biological functions of phosphorylation at S50 and S97 are different.
Study of metal-amino acid [Cr(III)-Trp]2+ complex and ninhydrin reaction: role of gemini micellar solution on rate constant (2020)

In this article, the study of metal-amino acid complex and ninhydrin reaction was examined in gemini micellar solution using a UV-visible spectrophotometric measurement. The role of varying amounts of gemini micellar systems on rate constant of the study was investigated. Initially, rate constant (kψ) enhances, below cmc and levelling-off areas are, then, noticed up to 400 × 10−5 mol dm−3. Later, gemini offers a third region of fast enhancement kψ above 400 × 10−5 mol dm−3. Gemini surfactant series provided more efficient implications on the study than pure water and their monomeric traditional surfactant system. The values of rate constant, kψ, were determined under a set of different experimental reaction situations with the help of a computer-based procedure. Such unfamiliar behaviour developed by gemini micellar solutions was treated by pseudo-phase model of micellar activity. An electrical conductometric measurement was employed to measure critical micellar concentration (cmc) of pure gemini micellar solutions and mixed systems. Several activation parameters were also determined by Eyring’s equation and different constants. Data obtained confirmed that lower values of activation enthalpy (ΔH#) with large negative activation entropy (ΔS#) were attained in gemini than aqueous. A plausible reaction mechanism of the study has been discussed and proposed.
Gerenciamento de Projetos Tradicional x Gerenciamento de Projetos Ágil: Uma Análise Comparativa. (2006)

The software development environment is changing. The projects are getting more complex, with constants changes and reduced time-to-market. In this scene, the traditional and agile project management has been critically analyzed to search for an effective
α2 Adrenergic Receptor–Mediated Modulation of Cytosolic Ca++Signals at the Inner Plexiform Layer of the Rat Retina (2007)

These findings provide the first direct evidence of alpha2 receptor-mediated modulation of L-type Ca(2+) channel activity in the CNS (the retina is part of the CNS). This alpha2 modulation appears to occur at the IPL but not at the OPL of the retina. These findings suggest that a physiological function of the retinal alpha2 system is the regulation of synaptic transmission at IPL and that brimonidine and other alpha2 agonists may protect RGCs under disease conditions by preventing abnormal elevation of cytosolic free Ca(2+) either in RGCs, in their presynaptic cells, or in both.
Prevalence of sleep disorders in the Los Angeles metropolitan area (1979)

The authors determined the prevalence of sleep disorders in a general population through a survey of 1,006 representative households in the Los Angeles metropolitan area. They found an overall prevalence of current or previous sleep disorders in adults of 52.1%. Specifically, they found a 42.5% prevalence of insomnia, 11.2% of nightmares, 7.1% of excessive sleep, 5.3% of sleeptalking, and 2.5% of sleepwalking. These conditions were often chronic and usually started early in life. Insomnia was more frequent in older people, particularly older women, and in people of lower educational socioeconomic status. Insomnia, nightmares, and hypersomnia were correlated with more frequent general physical and mental health problems.
Composite bilayer coatings for high capacity cathodes and anodes (2023)

An electrode comprises an electrode core. A composite bilayer coating is conformally disposed on the electrode core. The composite bilayer coating comprises a first layer disposed on at least a portion of the electrode core. The first layer comprises a metal fluoride, a metal oxide or a metal sulfide. A second layer is disposed on the first layer and comprises a metal fluoride, a metal oxide or a metal sulfide.
A Power Signal Based Dynamic Approach to Detecting Anomalous Behavior in Wireless Devices (2018)

The health and security of wireless devices are fast gaining importance, and these are vital for effective implementation of sensor networks and Internet of Things (IoT). Any device, wired or wireless, needs a power source, and the power consumed is a consequence of its usage and functionality. In this context, this paper proposes a methodology to detect anomalous behavior of wireless devices by monitoring their power consumption patterns. The proposed methodology utilizes Independent Component Analysis (ICA) to extract information from the current power consumption of the device and generates features of the state of the device by calculating the degree of similarity of the extracted information with the known normal behavior of the device. Then, Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE) is used to select features from the generated feature vector. Finally, Classification algorithms are used to classify and detect the anomalous behavior. We have validated the methodology by emulating anomalous behavior on smartphones through a custom designed app that runs in the background while the main app is being used. Validation results indicate that the proposed methodology can be used to identify even a sparsely active malware existence with very high accuracy. The proposed model has an accuracy of 88% for a malware active for 1% of the total time and accuracy of almost 100% for malware active for 12% of the time.
Macrophage Mal1 Deficiency Suppresses Atherosclerosis in Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor–Null Mice by Activating Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ–Regulated Genes (2011)

Taken together, our results demonstrate that Mal1 plays a proatherogenic role by suppressing PPARγ activity, which increases expression of CC chemokine receptor 2 by monocytes, promoting their recruitment to atherosclerotic lesions.
An improved algorithm for video compression (2013)

The use of permutations in data compression is an aspect that is worthy of further exploration. The work that has been done in video compression based on permutations was primarily oriented toward lossless algorithms. The study of previous algorithms has led to a new algorithm that could be either lossless or lossy, for which the amount of compression and the quality of the output can be controlled. The lossless version of our algorithm performs close to lossy versions of H.264 and it improves on them for the majority of the videos that we analyzed. Our algorithm could be used in situations where there is a need for lossless compression and the video sequences are part of a single scene, e.g., medical videos, where loss of information could be risky or expensive.
Mechanism of nitric oxide loss in 3,6‐diphenyl and 3,5,6‐triphenyl‐4‐nitro cyclohexenes under electron ionization (1976)

Abstract Possible mechanisms have been proposed for the loss of nitric oxide from the molecular ions of 3,6‐diphenyl‐ and 3,5,6‐triphenyl‐4‐nitro cyclohexenes. Elimination of nitric oxide in 3,6‐diphenyl nitro cyclohexenes involves oxygen migration to one of the double bond carbon atoms. In the 3,5,6‐triphenyl analogues, it involves a 3‐membered cyclic transition state.
Block Copolymers Containing a Hydrophobic Domain of Membrane-Lytic Peptides Form Micellar Structures and Are Effective Gene Delivery Agents (2013)

Endosomal release peptides have been incorporated in synthetic gene delivery formulations to increase transfection efficiencies. In this work, cationic copolymers containing sHGP, a membrane-lytic peptide derived from HIV gp41, were synthesized and evaluated. Diblock, with sHGP displayed on one block, and statistical, with sHGP randomly displayed, copolymers were prepared via RAFT polymerization. While the statistical copolymer existed as unimers in solution, amphiphilic diblock copolymers self-assembled into cationic micelles in aqueous solution as evidenced by TEM and dynamic light scattering analyses. This self-assembly sequestered the lytic domain and significantly reduced the cytotoxicity of the materials. However, when complexed with plasmid DNA, both the diblock and statistical copolymers of sHGP showed higher gene delivery efficacy compared to the copolymers without the membrane lytic motif. The ability of amphiphilic, diblock copolymers containing endosomal release motifs to self-assemble and sequester lytic domains is a promising feature for the nucleic acid delivery.
The DnaA inhibitor SirA acts in the same pathway as Soj (ParA) to facilitate oriC segregation during Bacillus subtilis sporulation (2016)

DNA replication and chromosome segregation must be carefully regulated to ensure reproductive success. During Bacillus subtilis sporulation, chromosome copy number is reduced to two, and cells divide asymmetrically to produce the future spore (forespore) compartment. For successful sporulation, oriC must be captured in the forespore. New rounds of DNA replication are prevented in part by SirA, a protein that utilizes residues in its N-terminus to directly target Domain I of the bacterial initiator, DnaA. Using a quantitative forespore chromosome organization assay, we show that SirA also acts in the same pathway as another DnaA regulator, Soj, to promote oriC capture in the forespore. By analyzing loss-of-function variants of both SirA and DnaA, we observe that SirA's ability to inhibit DNA replication can be genetically separated from its role in oriC capture. In addition, we identify substitutions near the C-terminus of SirA and in DnaA Domain III that enhance interaction between the two proteins. One such variant, SirA<sub>P141T</sub> , remained functional in regard to inhibiting replication, but was unable to support oriC capture. Collectively, our results support a model in which SirA targets DnaA Domain I to inhibit DNA replication, and DnaA Domain III to facilitate Soj-dependent oriC capture in the forespore.
X-ray Spectra and Atmospheric Structures of Bursting Neutron Stars (1987)

High quality spectra of Japanese X-ray satellite TENMA permit us detailed studies of X-ray burst on color temperature vs. luminosity diagram. Using this diagram, Sugimoto Ebisuzaki and Hanawa (1984) divided bursts from MXB1636-536 into two classes: bright class and faint class. In the decay phase of bright class bursts, surface of neutron star should be covered with pure helium matter processed on the surface of neutron star because hydrogen-rich matter is completely lost due to mass loss. On the other hand, surface of neutron star should be covered by hydrogen-rich matter in the case of faint class bursts because any mass loss is not driven in the faint class bursts. I constructed color temperature vs. luminosity diagrams of X-ray burst sources MXB1636-536 and MXB1608-522 using data of Japanese X-ray satellite TENMA and found systematic deviations between evolutional paths of the bright class and faint class bursts on these diagrams. The deviations are successfully accounted for by the difference in chemical composition between bright class and faint class bursts: evolutional paths of bright class and faint class are respectively in good agreement with theoretical curves for pure helium and hydrogen-rich matter. This is a direct evidence of ejection of hydrogen-rich envelope in the bright class bursts.
Poster Presentation: Optical Test of NGST Developmental Mirrors (2000)

An Optical Testing System (OTS) has been developed to measure the figure and radius of curvature of NGST developmental mirrors in the vacuum, cryogenic environment of the X-Ray Calibration Facility (XRCF) at Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC). The OTS consists of a WaveScope Shack-Hartmann sensor from Adaptive Optics Associates as the main instrument, a Point Diffraction Interferometer (PDI), a Point Spread Function (PSF) imager, an alignment system, a Leica Disto Pro distance measurement instrument, and a laser source palette (632.8 nm wavelength) that is fiber-coupled to the sensor instruments. All of the instruments except the laser source palette are located on a single breadboard known as the Wavefront Sensor Pallet (WSP). The WSP is located on top of a 5-DOF motion system located at the center of curvature of the test mirror. Two PC's are used to control the OTS. The error in the figure measurement is dominated by the WaveScope's measurement error. An analysis using the absolute wavefront gradient error of 1/50 wave P-V (at 0.6328 microns) provided by the manufacturer leads to a total surface figure measurement error of approximately 1/100 wave rms. This easily meets the requirement of 1/10 wave P-V. The error in radius of curvature is dominated by the Leica's absolute measurement error of VI.5 mm and the focus setting error of Vi.4 mm, giving an overall error of V2 mm. The OTS is currently being used to test the NGST Mirror System Demonstrators (NMSD's) and the Subscale Beryllium Mirror Demonstrator (SBNM).
Accuracy of ICD9 and ICD 10 Codes for Clostridium difficile Among Ulcerative Colitis Patients (2011)

Purpose: The incidence of Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) infections has increased among ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. Researchers have commonly used administrative databases to study associations between C. difficile infection and UC; however, the validity of diagnostic code for C. difficile in UC patients is unknown. The aims of this study were to: 1) evaluate the accuracy of administrative codes for C. difficile infections in UC; and 2) assess whether the frequency of testing for C. difficile and C. difficile diagnosis has changed over time. Methods: Population based surveillance was conducted in the Calgary Health Zone between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2009 using the Discharge Abstract Database to identify adults (≥ 18 years) admitted to the hospital for UC flare-up (n=583). These patients were concurrently searched for ICD-9 (008.45) or ICD-10 (A04.7) codes for C. difficile diagnosis. In addition, the Calgary Laboratory Services (CLS) provided the results of all C. difficile toxin tests ordered for UC patients admitted to the hospital between 2004 and 2009 (n=389). Only tests performed during hospital admission and up to 7 days prior to admission to hospital were included in the analysis. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) with 95% CIs were calculated by comparing ICD9/10 codes for C. difficile in the Discharge Abstract Database with results of CLS stool C. difficile toxin testing. Subsequently, stool toxin tests were used to define the proportion of UC patients who were tested for C. difficile who had a positive result. Joint point regression analysis was used to test for temporal trends in C. difficile testing and positive C. difficile 2004-2009. Results: Over a 6-year period, 288 (74%) UC patients admitted to hospital were tested for C. difficile and 8 (2.8%) were positive. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of administrative data in identifying C. difficile infection in hospital was 88% [47%-100%], 100% [98%-100%], 88% [47%-100%] and 100% [98%-100%], respectively. The proportion of UC patients who were tested for C. difficile and who had a positive result remained stable between 2004 and 2009 (Figure 1). Conclusion: Laboratory proven C. difficile infection occurred in 3% of hospitalized UC patients and administrative data accurately identified this. Approximately one quarter of hospitalized UC patients were not tested for C. difficile in hospital or 7 days before hospitalization, which has important implications for clinical care and quality assurance.
Pre-Test of a Light-Weight CFRP Wing Segment of a High Altitude Platform for In-flight Load Measurements Based on Strains (2021)

For the validation of loads and aeroelastic simulations of a high altitude platform (HAP) in-flight, load measurements are very helpful. One technique to obtain load measurements is to apply strain gages to the primary structure. A calibration procedure enables the reconstruction of the loads from the measured strains. To reduce the risks, gain confidence and establish a feasible measurement set-up, a pre-test based on a CFRP wing segment is performed. This paper presents the theoretical background and the set-up of the measurement equipment. The results of the calibration from three different test cases are presented, showing an excellent agreement between applied and reconstructed loading with a deviation of less than or equal to ±1.0N and less than or equal to ±2.0cm for the location. Finally, the strains measured in the experiment are compared with the simulation, showing that a prediction of the strains is possible within a range of less than or equal to ±8%.
A 6-bit, 1.2-GS/s dual channel ADC in 0.13-&#x03BC;m CMOS for MB-OFDM UWB receivers (2008)

This paper presents a 6-bit, 1.2-GSample/s flash ADC for MB-OFDM UWB receivers fabricated in TSMC 0.13-mum CMOS 1P8M process. Using a dedicated track-and-hold amplifier (THA) at front, it can eliminate different paths skew between comparators and clock jitter degradation to the comparators. Moreover, the proposed converter is designed with averaging and interpolation technique so that the offset of the preamplifiers and comparators, and power consumption can be reduced. A reference generator generating reference voltage for preamplifiers array also has been included in this design. It can track the common mode voltage between THA and resistor ladder center tap. Operating at 1.2-GS/s both the I/Q channel ADC achieves an effective resolution bandwidth (ERBW) of 450-MHz, and greater than 5-bits effective number of bits (ENOB) at 350-MHz of input frequency. The peak DNL and INL are measured as 0.39-LSB and 1-LSB, respectively. A single channel ADC consumes about 84-mW including internal reference at 1.2-V supply. The test chip single channel occupies 1.45x0.78-mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> of active area.
Tunneling for Transparency (2016)

Detecting violations of application-level end-to-end connectivity on the Internet is of significant interest to researchers and end users; recent studies have revealed cases of HTTP ad injection and HTTPS man-in-the-middle attacks. Unfortunately, detecting such end-to-end violations at scale remains difficult, as it generally requires having the cooperation of many nodes spread across the globe. Most successful approaches have relied either on dedicated hardware, user-installed software, or privileged access to a popular web site. In this paper, we present an alternate approach for detecting end-to-end violations based on Luminati, a HTTP/S proxy service that routes traffic through millions of end hosts. We develop measurement techniques that allow Luminati to be used to detect end-to-end violations of DNS, HTTP, and HTTPS, and, in many cases, enable us to identify the culprit. We present results from over 1.2m nodes across 14k ASes in 172 countries, finding that up to 4.8% of nodes are subject to some type of end-to-end connectivity violation. Finally, we are able to use Luminati to identify and measure the incidence of content monitoring, where end-host software or ISP middleboxes record users' HTTP requests and later re-download the content to third-party servers.
Effects of Catalytic Site Position on the Performance and Lifetime of Carbon Nanotubes Supported Cobalt Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis Nano Catalyst (2012)

The effects of confinement in carbon nanotubes on the performance and lifetime of carbon nanotubes (CNT) supported cobalt Fischer–Tropsch (FT) catalysts are reported. A method was developed to control the position of the catalytic sites on either inner or outer surface of carbon nanotubes. TEM analyses revealed that about 80-85% of cobalt oxide particles can be controlled to be positioned at inner or outer surface of the nanotubes. Deposition of cobalt oxide inside the nanotube pores decreased the average size of the cobalt oxide particles from 16.6 to 7.2 nm and shifted the reduction peak temperature of cobalt oxide species to lower temperatures (from 330 to 318oC, and 446 to 428oC) and improved the reducibility of the catalyst by 7%. The catalysts were assessed in terms of their activity, selectivity and lifetime in a fixed-bed micro reactor. The catalyst with catalytic sites inside the pores showed 30.5% higher initial activity than the catalyst with catalytic sites outside the pores. Also, the catalyst with cobalt particles inside the pores exhibited higher selectivity to heavier hydrocarbons (79.5% vs. 76.2% C5 + selectivity). Deposition of cobalt particles on interior surface of the nanotubes resulted in a more stable catalyst, while its counterpart experienced 50.4% deactivation within a period of 20 days due to catalytic sites sintering. It is concluded that encapsulation of the catalytic metal nanoparticles inside the nanotubes prevents the catalytic site agglomeration. Keywords: Fischer-Tropsch, cobalt nano particles, Carbon nanotubes, Confinement, Activity, Selectivity, Deactivation
Bioinspired Structural Materials (2008)

3D-printed Lunar regolith simulant-based geopolymer composites with bio-inspired sandwich architectures,