gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Real-time EO/IR sensor fusion on a portable computer and head-mounted display (2007)

Multi-sensor platforms are widely used in surveillance video systems for both military and civilian applications. The complimentary nature of different types of sensors (e.g. EO and IR sensors) makes it possible to observe the scene under almost any condition (day/night/fog/smoke). In this paper, we propose an innovative EO/IR sensor registration and fusion algorithm which runs real-time on a portable computing unit with head-mounted display. The EO/IR sensor suite is mounted on a helmet for a dismounted soldier and the fused scene is shown in the goggle display upon the processing on a portable computing unit. The linear homography transformation between images from the two sensors is precomputed for the mid-to-far scene, which reduces the computational cost for the online calibration of the sensors. The system is implemented in a highly optimized C++ code, with MMX/SSE, and performing a real-time registration. The experimental results on real captured video show the system works very well both in speed and in performance.
Formation of Planar Arrays of One-Dimensional p−n Heterojunctions Using Surface-Directed Growth of Nanowires and Nanowalls (2010)

We report a surface-directed vapor-liquid-solid process for planar growth of one-dimensional heterojunctions of zinc oxide on single crystal gallium nitride (GaN) that enables their hierarchical assembly to light emitting diodes. An individual heterojunction is about 10 μm in length and 80 nm in width and is formed by planar growth of an n-type ZnO nanowire or nanowall on p-type GaN surface using Au catalyst. Our results show that a ZnO nanocrystal at its nucleation site has six possible growth directions that can be engineered and controlled using an intentional blockade of the nanocrystal growth in certain directions owing to similarities in crystal structures of ZnO and GaN. The ZnO nanowalls are formed when nanowires during their planar growth slowly grow in direction normal to the substrate via a self-catalytic process. The crystal structure of these heterojunctions is examined from two different crystallographic perspectives using high resolution transmission electron microscopy. Results indicate abrupt and epitaxial formation of n-p heterojunctions, which are difficult to achieve in thin film growth of these heterojunctions. The collective light emission of micrometer- to millimeter-size arrays of the heterojunctions is demonstrated via a simple design that is scalable to literally any platform size. This technique allows in situ growth and combinations of II-VI and III-V semiconductors and offers their easier integration to photonic and lab-on-chip platforms with applications in energy generation and light detection.
Seasonal influences on fungal community structure in unimproved and improved upland grassland soils (2006)

Seasonal and management influences on the fungal community structure of two upland grassland soils were investigated. An upland site containing both unimproved floristically diverse (U4a) and improved mesotrophic (MG7b) grassland types was selected. Samples from both grassland types were taken at five times in one year. Soil fungal community structure was assessed using fungal automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA), a DNA-profiling approach. A grassland management regime was found to strongly affect fungal community structure, with fungal ARISA profiles from unimproved and improved grassland soils differing significantly. The number of fungal ribotypes found was higher in unimproved than improved grassland soils, providing evidence that improvement may reduce the suitability of upland soil as a habitat for specific groups of fungi. Seasonal influences on fungal community structure were also noted, with samples taken in autumn (October) more correlated with change in ribotype profiles than samples from other seasons. However, seasonal variation did not obscure the measurement of differences in the fungal community structure that were due to agricultural improvement, with canonical correspondence analysis indicating grassland type had a stronger influence on fungal profiles than did season.
Cyclodextrin-Based Supramolecular Multilayer Assemblies for the Design of Biological Optical Sensors Using Tilted Fiber Bragg Gratings (2011)

In this work, we demonstrate the possibility to use optical fiber incorporating photowritten tilted fiber Bragg gratings (TFBG) as optical detection system for the real time monitoring of interfacial adsorption events and biological recognition. For this purpose, immobilization of cyclodextrin polymers onto the surface of optical fiber was envisioned through the layer-by-layer self-assembly method with the aim of developing sensing layers with well-defined host properties. To develop a biological sensor, amphiphilic dextran, acting as intermediate layer between the polyelectrolyte multilayer assembly and the biological probe, was immobilized though inclusion complex formation. The dextran layer exhibit a dual functionality: (i) it prevents non-specific proteins adsorption and (ii) it allows covalent immobilization of anti-bovine serum albumine through activation of the hydroxyl groups with 1,1’-carbonyl diimidazole. To verify the feasibility of our strategy, fluorescence microscopy was applied to evidence the effective inclusion of fluorescent macromolecular – flurorescein labelled dextran bearing adamantane as side-grafts – species within the cyclodextrin cavities present onto the optical fiber interface and at the last layer to prove the grafting of anti bovin serum albumin onto the amphiphilic dextran by a capture of fluorescein bovin serum albumin by the antibody layer. In a further step, it was demonstrated that the elaboration of the multilayer assembly can be monitored in real time using the TFBG sensor.
Signal classification with an SVM-FFT approach for feature extraction in cognitive radio (2009)

The estimation of the spectrum usage from the point of view of number of users and modulation types is addressed in this paper. The techniques used here are based on Support Vector Machines (SVM). SVMs are machine learning strategies which use a robust cost function alternative to the widely used Least Squares function and that apply a regularization which provides control of the complexity of the resulting estimators. As a result, estimators are robust against interferences and nongaussian noise and present excellent generalization properties where the number of data available for the estimation is small. The structure presented here has a feature extraction part that, instead of using an FFT approach, uses the SVM criterion for spectrum estimation, feature extraction and modulation classification.
Software Vulnerabilities, Products and Exploits: A Statistical Relational Learning Approach (2021)

Data on software vulnerabilities, products and exploits is typically collected from multiple non-structured sources. Valuable information, e.g., on which products are affected by which exploits, is conveyed by matching data from those sources, i.e., through their relations. In this paper, we leverage this simple albeit unexplored observation to introduce a statistical relational learning (SRL) approach for the analysis of vulnerabilities, products and exploits. In particular, we focus on the problem of determining the existence of an exploit for a given product, given information about the relations between products and vulnerabilities, and vulnerabilities and exploits, focusing on Industrial Control Systems (ICS), the National Vulnerability Database and ExploitDB. Using RDN-Boost, we were able to reach an AUC ROC of 0.83 and an AUC PR of 0.69 for the problem at hand. To reach that performance, we indicate that it is instrumental to include textual features, e.g., extracted from the description of vulnerabilities, as well as structured information, e.g., about product categories. In addition, using interpretable relational regression trees we report simple rules that shed insight on factors impacting the weaponization of ICS products.
Effect of ageing on pulmonary inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness and T and B cell responses in antigen‐sensitized and ‐challenged mice (2007)

Although pulmonary inflammation and mucus metaplasia after antigen sensitization/challenge occurred to a greater degree in older mice, the increase in AHR was significantly less compared with younger OVA mice. Antigen treatment produced a unique cytokine profile in older mice (elevated IFN-gamma and IL-5) compared with young mice (elevated IL-4 and IL-13). Thus, the airway response to inflammation is lessened in ageing animals, and may represent age-associated events leading to different phenotypes in response to antigen provocation.
A compact spectrum splitting concentrator for high concentration photovoltaics based on the dispersion of a lens (2018)

Photovoltaic devices used in conjunction with functional optical elements for light concentration and spectrum splitting are known to be a viable approach for highly efficient photovoltaics. Conventional designs employ discrete optical elements, each with the task of either performing optical concentration or separating the solar spectrum. In the present work, we examine the performance of a compact photovoltaic architecture in which a single lens plays a dual role as both a concentrator and a spectrum splitter, the latter made possible by exploiting its intrinsic dispersion. A four-terminal two-junction InGaP/GaAs device is prepared to validate the concept and illustrates pathways for improvements. A spectral separation in the visible range is demonstrated at the focal point of a plano-convex lens with a geometric concentration ratio of 1104X with respect to the InGaP subcell.
The thermodynamics of micelle formation by a polystyrene-b-polyisoprene block copolymer inN,N′-dimethylacetamide (1984)

The thermodynamics of micelle formation by a polystyrene-b-polyisoprene block copolymer in N,N′-dimethylacetamide, which is a selectively bad solvent for polyisoprene, has been investigated. The micelles have a very narrow size distribution enabling the association process to be treated as a single-stage equilibrium. The temperature dependence of the critical micelle concentration was determined from measurements of scattering intensity against temperature carried out at six concentrations within the range 2.3 × 10−7 to 1.2 × 10−4 mol dm−3. A plot of 1n (c.m.c.) against T−1 gave a value for the standard enthalpy of micellisation (per mole of copolymer chains in the micelle) of − 153 ± 6 kJ mol−1. The standard entropy contribution (-TΔSΘ) to the standard free energy of micellisation was found to be positive. These results are in strong contrast to those reported for synthetic surfactants in aqueous media for which a favourable standard entropy change is the factor mainly responsible for micelle formation.
Absorption of Normal-Incidence Acoustic Waves by Double Perforated Liners of Industrial Gas Turbine Combustors (2012)

Perforated liners consist of sheet metal perforated with multiple holes with diameters of magnitude in the order of millimeters and regular spacing, backed by an air cavity in front of a rigid wall. This type of liner is very effective at absorbing sound and is used in many applications. At the resonance frequency, the liner shifts the phase of the incident wave by 180° thus providing damping through wave cancellation. The perforations in the liner convert acoustic energy into flow energy through vortex shedding at the rims of the liner apertures. Applied to gas turbine combustors they can attenuate thermoacoustic instabilities and as such significantly improve the reliability of the gas turbine with an additional benefit to the emissions. The Siemens SGT-100 to 400 engines exploit this technology in their DLE combustion system in a configuration of two concentric liners separated by an air cavity with the rear liner acting as the rigid wall in the conventional setting. In this paper the evaluation of double perforated liners in the absorption of normal-incident plane acoustic waves in an impedance tube and in a gas turbine combustor environment is investigated. A one-dimensional impedance model that embodies the electro-acoustic analogy was used to predict the absorption characteristics of the double perforated liner. The model was validated by comparing the predictions with experimental data obtained from the impedance tube, with excellent agreement. With the confidence in the equations of the model in predicting the acoustic behavior, the model was then applied to predict the damping performance under realistic gas turbine combustor operating conditions. The prediction also shows two distinct peaks in the absorption characteristics of a double-liner. Geometric parameters such as hole diameters &amp; thicknesses of the two liners, gap between the liners and the overall pressure drop across the liners have been considered for the predictions. A parametric study of these parameters carried out using the ISIGHT software with design investigation tools identified the order of importance of the parameters considered for sound absorption. The work reported in this paper has successfully validated an impedance model in the prediction of double perforated liners in the absorption of normal-incident plane acoustic waves. Based on the parametric study carried out design guidelines are given for designing a double perforated liner for maximum absorption of normal incident acoustic waves.
Length Preserving Contourcoding With A Reduced Generalized Chain Code (1985)

A 2D, binary vision algorithm for contour description is presented. The contourcoding scheme is based on a reduced generalized chain code. The most interesting feature of the resulting 4-bit code is its length preserving behaviour. Preliminary results for contour segmentation are presented, but this problem is still under investigation.
Matrix Acidizing of Water Injectors in a Sandstone Field in Saudi Arabia: A Case Study (2000)

Abstract The aims of this study were to design a cost-effective stimulation treatment to remove formation damage from water injectors in a recently developed sandstone field in Saudi Arabia and enhance well injectivity, while maintaining formation integrity. This paper examines the design of the treatment, field monitoring, and analysis of acid returns. Core flow experiments were performed to screen various acid formulations, and evaluate acid additives. The designed treatment was applied on several water injectors. Acid returns were analyzed to evaluate the effectiveness of each treatment. It was found that a preflush of 5wt% NH4Cl solution was effective in displacing potassium and sodium ions from feldspars and clay minerals compared to a preflush that contained hydrochloric acid only. A multi-stage treatment was designed to remove formation damage encountered in several water injectors in this field. The treatment significantly improved the injectivity index of the treated wells.
Controlled Deposition of Iridium Oxide Nanoparticles on Graphene (2020)

For hydrogen production by water electrolyzers, iridium dioxide (IrO2) works as a catalyst for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at an anode. In this report, we aim to study the formation mechanism of IrO2 nanoparticles on graphene by inducing nanoscale defects artificially. The defects on graphene grown on a copper foil by chemical vapor deposition were created by UV-ozone treatment, and IrO2 nanoparticles were deposited by hydrothermal synthesis method. We investigated the amount of defects and oxygen-functional groups on graphene by Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The size and distribution of defects and IrO2 nanoparticles on graphene were analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Raman spectroscopy and XPS measurement showed that defects and oxygen-functional groups increased with the UV-ozone treatment time. The size of IrO2 nanoparticles was reduced to ca. 4.5 nm on defective graphene, whereas the nanoparticles deposited on pristine graphene is ca. 8.8 nm in diameter. It is found that the IrO2 nanoparticles were deposited and anchored on the edge of hole-like defects on graphene. In addition, the size of deposited nanoparticles can be controlled by the extent of modification in graphene.
Study of Skin Color Unevenness Using Independent Component Analysis (2011)

しみやソバカス，ニキビなどに代表される肌色ムラは，日本人女性の肌悩みの上位を占め，化粧品や美容医療分野で重要な研究対象となっている。本研究では，肌画像からメラニン成分画像とヘモグロビン成分画像に分離できる独立成分分析法を用いて，10代から70代の日本人女性201名の顔面におけるメラニンムラの実態解析を行った。その結果，しみとは異なる，薄く，境界が不明瞭なメラニンムラが地肌に広がっている様子が観察された。頬部における「地肌のメラニンムラ」の目立ちスコアは，年齢と有意な正の相関が認められた。また，「地肌のメラニンムラ」は，加齢にともない，頬上部から頬下部 (口元やあご) にまで範囲が広がることが明らかとなった。さらに，中高年女性特有の肌悩みである「肌のくすみ」が「地肌のメラニンムラ」と強く関係していることがわかった。以上のことから，「地肌のメラニンムラ」は，「肌のくすみ」の新たな評価軸となり，美白製剤の有効性評価に役立つと考えられた。
Successful treatment of Gaucher disease type 1 by enzyme replacement therapy over a 10-year duration in a Japanese pediatric patient: A case report (2021)

The prevalence of Gaucher disease (GD) in Japan is much lower than that in Western countries; therefore, data on Japanese pediatric patients with GD type 1 are currently limited. The present study reports on the case of a Japanese pediatric patient with GD type 1 who was diagnosed when she presented with hepatosplenomegaly, thrombocytopenia and slight anemia at the age of 2 years. Serology tests revealed high levels of acid phosphatase (ACP) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). A bone marrow biopsy revealed the presence of Gaucher cells. Abdominal MRI indicated huge hepatosplenomegaly. Erlenmeyer flask deformity was observed on X-ray examination. MRI of the femora featured a high-intensity area within the diaphysis region. The enzymatic activity of leukocyte β-glucosidase, the measurement of which is necessary for a definitive diagnosis of GD, had decreased to 186.7 nmol/h/mg (reference range, 1,424.0-2,338.0 nmol/h/mg). Based on these results, the patient was clinically diagnosed with GD. Glucocerebrosidase gene analysis identified the compound heterozygote mutation of F213I (c.754T>A) on exon 7 and L444P (c.1448T>C) on exon 11. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) along with an intravenous infusion of 60 U/kg of imiglucerase every other week was initiated following diagnosis. Hemoglobin levels and the platelet count gradually improved and normalized after two years. ACP and ACE levels, biomarkers of the progression of GD, also improved. Abdominal MRI at six months after the initiation of ERT revealed a decrease in the size of the liver and spleen, which normalized after 1 year. Conversely, MRI of the femora indicated no improvement in the high-intensity area within the diaphysis region for 10 years.
Norrie Disease Protein (Norrin) Forms Disulfide-linked Oligomers Associated with the Extracellular Matrix (1997)

COS-7 cells transfected with a DNA construct encoding the 133 amino acids in norrin plus six histidine residues at its carboxyl terminus were pulse-labeled with [35S]cysteine, and the labeled norrin was examined in cell lysates, the medium, and the extracellular matrix. SDS-gel electrophoresis under reducing conditions showed that the norrin expressed had an apparent Mr = 14,000 and was present only in cell lysates and the extracellular matrix. Under nonreducing conditions, most of the norrin in the extracellular matrix was oligomers that contained up to approximately 20 monomers. One of the major extracellular species of norrin under reducing conditions after cross-linking of norrin oligomers with bis(sulfosuccinimidyl)suberate had an apparent Mr = 28,000, consistent with covalent cross-linked dimers. Thus the covalently cross-linked dimers are key structural components of norrin oligomers. By site-directed mutagenesis, the codon for half-cystine 95 in norrin was changed to one encoding alanine. The norrin C95A found in the extracellular matrix of cells transfected with this mutant was the size of dimers, indicating that half-cystine 95 is involved in oligomer formation. The corresponding half-cystine residue in human prepro-von Willebrand factor is also involved in interchain disulfide bond formation, which is consistent with the sequence identity of the half-cystine residues in norrin and part of the half-cystine residues in a disulfide-rich domain of von Willebrand factor. Replacement of valine at residue 60 in norrin by glutamic acid, a mutation found in humans with a severe type of Norrie disease, results in a considerable reduction (50%) in the amount of norrin in the extracellular matrix of transfected COS-7 cells. Replacement of arginine at residue 121 by glutamine, which is associated with a less severe type of Norrie disease, results in a reduction in the amount of norrin R121Q in the extracellular matrix (26%). These studies suggest that norrin is a secreted protein that forms disulfide-bonded oligomers that are associated with the extracellular matrix upon secretion from cells. Moreover, the disulfide-rich motif of norrin and prepro-von Willebrand factor promotes interchain disulfide bond formation among polypeptides in which it is found.
Measurement of matrix metalloproteinase 9-mediated Collagen type III degradation fragment as a marker of skin fibrosis (2011)

Increased levels in mouse urine of the MMP-9 mediated collagen III degradation fragment CO3-610 were correlated with skin fibrosis progression, suggesting that CO3-610 may be a potential positive biomarker to study the pathogenesis of skin fibrosis in mice.
Activity‐Based High‐Throughput Screening of Enzymes by Using a DNA Microarray (2004)

The expression display method is developed, which combines two techniques, ribosome display and DNA microarray, to express a mixture of proteins from their corresponding cDNA. Upon functional selection using an activity-based probe, multiple target enzymes are simultaneously isolated and subsequently identified by hybridization to a DNA microarray (see scheme; RT=reverse transcription, PCR=polymerase chain reaction). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2005/z461612_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Biomineralization in living hypercalcified demosponges: toward a shared mechanism? (2013)

Massive skeletons of living hypercalcified sponges, representative organisms of basal Metazoa, are uncommon models to improve our knowledge on biomineralization mechanisms and their possible evolution through time. Eight living species belonging to various orders of Demospongiae were selected for a comparative mineralogical characterization of their aragonitic or calcitic massive basal skeleton. The latter was prepared for scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), selected-area electron diffraction (SAED) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. SEM results indicated distinctive macro- and micro-structural organizations of the skeleton for each species, likely resulting from a genetically dictated variation in the control exerted on their formation. However, most skeletons investigated shared submicron to nano-scale morphological and crystallographical patterns: (1) single-crystal fibers and bundles were composed of 20 to 100 nm large submicronic grains, the smallest structural units, (2) nano-scale likely organic material occurred both within and between these structural units, (3) {1 1 0} micro-twin planes were observed along aragonitic fibers, and (4) individual fibers or small bundles protruded from the external growing surface of skeletons. This comparative mineralogical study of phylogenetically distant species brings further evidence to recent biomineralization models already proposed for sponges, corals, mollusks, brachiopods and echinoderms and to the hypothesis of the universal and ancestral character of such mechanisms in Metazoa.