gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Magnetoresistance Ratio and Resistance Area Design of CPP-MR Film for 2–5 $\hbox{Tb/in}^{2}$ Read Sensors (2010)

We estimated the current perpendicular to plane (CPP)-magnetoresistance (MR) performance target required for hard disk drives (HDDs) with areal density from 2 to 5 Tb/in <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , considering spin transfer torque (STT) and thermal magnetic noise. It is found that the noise due to STT drastically affects the MR performance target for low resistance area (RA) film. Read elements with higher RA (around 0.1-0.3 ¿·¿m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) are preferable to control STT. In addition, thermal magnetic noise remained smaller than media magnetic noise for 2 Tb/in <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> while it becomes comparable to media magnetic noise for 5 Tb/in <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , suggesting the necessity of a new method to control thermal magnetic noise.
A First Attempt to Produce Proteins from Insects by Means of a Circular Economy (2019)

The worldwide growing consumption of proteins to feed humans and animals has drawn a considerable amount of attention to insect rearing. Insects reared on organic wastes and used as feed for monogastric animals can reduce the environmental impact and increase the sustainability of meat/fish production. In this study, we designed an environmentally closed loop for food supply in which fruit and vegetable waste from markets became rearing substrate for <i>Hermetia</i> <i>illucens</i> (BSF- black soldier fly). A vegetable and fruit-based substrate was compared to a standard diet for Diptera in terms of larval growth, waste reduction index, and overall substrate degradation. Morphological analysis of insect organs was carried out to obtain indications about insect health. Processing steps such as drying and oil extraction from BSF were investigated. Nutritional and microbiological analyses confirmed the good quality of insects and meal. The meal was then used to produce fish feed and its suitability to this purpose was assessed using trout. Earthworms were grown on leftovers of BSF rearing in comparison to a standard substrate. Chemical analyses of vermicompost were performed. The present research demonstrates that insects can be used to reduce organic waste, increasing at the same time the sustainability of aquaculture and creating interesting by-products through the linked bio-system establishment.
Synthesis of non-natural carbohydrates from glycerol and aldehydes in a one-pot four-enzyme cascade reaction (2011)

A simple procedure has been developed for the synthesis of enantio- and diastereomerically pure carbohydrate analogues from glycerol and a variety of aldehydes in one pot using a four-enzyme cascade reaction. As a proof of concept of the usefulness of this enzymatic catalytic cascade the naturally occurring azasugarD-fagomine was synthesized. This work highlights the potential value of using enzymes in cascade reactions to selectively form complex products that by previous traditional organic chemistry could only be obtained via repeated isolation and purification of intermediates.
A meta-graph approach for analyzing whole slide histopathological images of human brain tissue with Alzheimer's disease biomarkers (2023)

Recently, high-performance deep learning models have enabled automatic and precise analysis of medical images with high content. In digital histopathology, a challenge lies in analyzing Whole Slide Images (WSI) due to their large size, often requiring splitting them into smaller patches for deep learning models. This leads to the loss of global tissue information and limits the classification or clustering of patients based on tissue characteristics. In this study, we develop a meta-graph approach for semantic spatial analysis of WSI of human brain tissue containing tau protein aggregates, a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in gray matter. Our pipeline extracts morphological features of tau aggregates, such as forming neuritic plaques, and builds a graph based on Delaunay triangulation at the WSI level to extract topological features. This generates morphological and topological data from WSI for patient classification and clustering. We tested this pipeline on a dataset of 15 WSIs from different AD patients. We aim to identify new insights into AD evolution and provide a generic framework for WSI characterization and analysis.
Transcriptional reprogramming restores UBE3A brain-wide and rescues behavioral phenotypes in an Angelman syndrome mouse model (2023)

Angelman syndrome (AS) is a neurogenetic disorder caused by the loss of ubiquitin ligase E3A (UBE3A) gene expression in the brain. The UBE3A gene is paternally imprinted in brain neurons. Clinical features of AS are primarily due to the loss of maternally expressed UBE3A in the brain. A healthy copy of paternal UBE3A is present in the brain but is silenced by a long non-coding antisense transcript (UBE3A-ATS). Here, we demonstrate that an artificial transcription factor (ATF-S1K) can silence Ube3a-ATS in an adult mouse model of Angelman syndrome (AS) and restore endogenous physiological expression of paternal Ube3a. A single injection of adeno-associated virus (AAV) expressing ATF-S1K (AAV-S1K) into the tail vein enabled whole-brain transduction and restored UBE3A protein in neurons to ∼25% of wild-type protein. The ATF-S1K treatment was highly specific to the target site with no detectable inflammatory response 5 weeks after AAV-S1K administration. AAV-S1K treatment of AS mice showed behavioral rescue in exploratory locomotion, a task involving gross and fine motor abilities, similar to low ambulation and velocity in AS patients. The specificity and tolerability of a single injection of AAV-S1K therapy for AS demonstrate the use of ATFs as a promising translational approach for AS.
The normal ranges of cardiovascular parameters measured using the ultrasonic cardiac output monitor (2017)

The ultrasonic cardiac output monitor (USCOM) is a noninvasive transcutaneous continuous wave Doppler method for assessing hemodynamics. There are no published reference ranges for normal values in adults (aged 18-60 years) for this device. This study aimed to (1) measure cardiovascular indices using USCOM in healthy adults aged 18-60 years; (2) combine these data with those for healthy children (aged 0-12), adolescents (aged 12-18), and the elderly (aged over 60) from our previously published studies in order to present normal ranges for all ages, and (3) establish normal ranges of USCOM-derived variables according to both weight and age. This was a population-based cross-sectional observational study of healthy Chinese subjects aged 0.5-89 years in Hong Kong. USCOM scans were performed on all subjects, to produce measurements including stroke volume, cardiac output, and systemic vascular resistance. Data from previously published studies (children, adolescents, and the elderly) were included. Normal ranges were defined as lying between the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles. A total of 2218 subjects were studied (mean age = 16.4, range = 0.5-89; 52% male). From previous studies, 1197 children (aged 0-12, 55% male), 590 adolescents (aged 12-18, 49% male), and 77 elderly (aged 60-89, 55% male) were included. New data were collected from 354 adults aged 18-60 (47% male). Normal ranges are presented according to age and weight. We present comprehensive normal ranges for hemodynamic parameters obtained with USCOM in healthy subjects of all ages from infancy to the elderly.
Research on Fast DCA Algorithms in TD-SCDMA Systems (2006)

Dynamic channel allocation is an important part of RRM (radio resource management) in TD-SCDMA systems. It consists of slow DCA and fast DCA. In this paper, the fast DCA in CAC procedure is studied, several algorithms are proposed. The performance of each algorithm is simulated; meanwhile, comparisons and analysis are given
Differential spectrum of expression of neural cell adhesion molecule isoforms and L1 adhesion molecules on human neuroectodermal tumors. (1990)

A series of four medulloblastomas, seven neuroblastomas (Nb), two ependymomas, and three gliomas, human neuroectodermal tumors, were screened for their expression of adhesion molecules L1, carcinoembryonic antigen, neural cell adhesion molecule isoforms (N-CAM) and HNK1 epitope by Western blotting and double immunofluorescence labeling. All seven neuroblastomas, whatever their differentiated state, expressed L1, a neural cell surface developmental antigen, whereas all other tumors tested were negative. All tumors expressed N-CAM; however, a large diversity was observed among the isoforms. Low sialylated N-CAM 140 was present, with different intensity, in ependymomas and astrocytomas. High sialylated isoforms were detected by a monoclonal antibody (anti-MenB) specifically recognizing high polymers of alpha 2-8 linked neuraminic acid. They were expressed in all medulloblastomas studied (4 of 4), and in 4 of 7 Nbs examined. Negative cases corresponded to tumors having undergone chemotherapeutic treatment or to ganglioneuroma. The interconversion from high to low sialylated forms might reflect changes which are critical for the conversion of Nbs into benign ganglioneuromas. HNK1 epitope was expressed on a large diversity of molecules by nearly all tumors except two Nbs which were also negative with anti-MenB antibody. This simultaneous loss of carbohydrate epitopes could correlate with higher maturation states of the tumors. None of the tumors expressed carcinoembryonic antigen. Therefore, anti-L1 and anti-MenB antibodies define differentiation-related antigens that could differentiate between Nbs and other tumors and may prove helpful in diagnosis and understanding of the biological nature of neuroectodermal tumors. An immunodot assay was set up and allowed to titrate the presence of polysialic acid units in cerebrospinal fluid from patients presenting meningeal spread of medulloblastomas. It could help to assess metastasis and to monitor the effects of chemotherapeutic treatment on polysialylated N-CAM positive tumors.
Musings on a Turbulent Time (2021)

A poetic exploration of the extreme emotions and situations that people are finding themsevles experiecing during the pandemic, highlighting personal and spiritual challenges being faced, and that which we seek from God and from within our own beings in order to survive and thrive
Dental Plaque: Bacterial Shenanigans Above and Below the Gumline (2022)

Every morning and every night you clean your teeth. Your dentist tells you to do it, your family does it, and even your pets might do it using a special food or toy. Cleaning is done to remove dental plaque that accumulates over time on teeth, above and below the gumline. What is dental plaque and why is it important to remove? In this article, we provide an overview of dental plaque: what it is and why it forms, how dental plaque can hurt your teeth and gums, and what you can do to protect your teeth and gums. We hope this article inspires you to keep up with your own oral health and perhaps encourages you to consider a career in dentistry or the oral health sciences.
Hydrazine (N2H4)-Based Surface Treatment for Interface Quality Improvement in Al2O3/AlGaN/GaN MIS-HEMT (2017)

This paper highlights N2H4 treatment on AlGaN surface prior to Al2O3 deposition for insulator/III-nitride interface quality improvement. AlGaN surface with and without N2H4 treatment was systematically analyzed through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), which show an effective removal of the native oxide and improved roughness on AlGaN surface. In order to investigate the effects of N2H4 treatment on the electrical properties of Al2O3/AlGaN/GaN MIS-HEMT, capacitance-voltage (C(V)) characteristics and transfer characteristics after gate bias stress were measured. Compared to the devices without N2H4 treatment featuring a large hysteresis of 0.3 V and a high subthreshold slope (SS) = 119 mV/dec, N2H4-treated devices exhibit an almost negligible hysteresis of 50 mV and an improved SS of 105 mV/dec.
Insights on the trafficking and retro-translocation of glycosphingolipid-binding bacterial toxins (2012)

Some bacterial toxins and viruses have evolved the capacity to bind mammalian glycosphingolipids to gain access to the cell interior, where they can co-opt the endogenous mechanisms of cellular trafficking and protein translocation machinery to cause toxicity. Cholera toxin (CT) is one of the best-studied examples, and is the virulence factor responsible for massive secretory diarrhea seen in cholera. CT enters host cells by binding to monosialotetrahexosylganglioside (GM1 gangliosides) at the plasma membrane where it is transported retrograde through the trans-Golgi network (TGN) into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In the ER, a portion of CT, the CT-A1 polypeptide, is unfolded and then "retro-translocated" to the cytosol by hijacking components of the ER associated degradation pathway (ERAD) for misfolded proteins. CT-A1 rapidly refolds in the cytosol, thus avoiding degradation by the proteasome and inducing toxicity. Here, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of how the bacterial AB(5) toxins induce disease. We highlight the molecular mechanisms by which these toxins use glycosphingolipid to traffic within cells, with special attention to how the cell senses and sorts the lipid receptors. We also discuss several new studies that address the mechanisms of toxin unfolding in the ER and the mechanisms of CT A1-chain retro-translocation to the cytosol.
Integrated Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) and Reliability Assessment of Aging Aircraft Structures (2001)

This report documents work performed to understand the capability and reliability of a pulsed eddy current inspection/measurement method for the detection and quantification of hidden corrosion in aircraft structures. The method has been shown to be uniquely capability of detection and quantifying corrosion in the second layer and gap thickness between layers of aircraft structure. One element of the program was the development of a first principles model of the measurement process. The model predicts both applicability and capability for application to typical aircraft structure. The model was validated by limited experimental measurements. A second major element of the project was the upgrade of analysis software for generating probability of detection analysis and plots from experimental and model generated data.
A 2-20 GHz dual channel receiver with 2-6 GHz IF (2003)

A dual-channel 2-20-GHz receiver with a 2-6-GHz IF (intermediate frequency) has been designed and developed to give conversion gain and good LO (local oscillator) and RF rejections at intermediate frequencies. It utilizes nine MMIC (monolithic microwave integrated circuit) chips and has an 8-to-12 GHz MESFET voltage-controlled oscillator. The receiver uses a unique planar balun for the double balanced mixer.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Carbohydrate Does Not Augment Exercise-Induced Protein Accretion versus Protein Alone (2010)

Our data suggest that insulin is not additive or synergistic to rates of MPS or MPB when CHO is coingested with a dose of protein that maximally stimulates rates of MPS.
In-Situ MOS Gate Engineering in a Novel Rapid Thermal/Plasma Multiprocessing Reactor (1987)

Low temperatures and short times are essential requirements of future VLSI processing and the use of plasma in conjunction with single-wafer lamp heating is a major step to realize this goal, In-situ multiprocessing reduces contamination and enhances yield. Reproducible growth of thin oxides in hot-wall furnaces is difficult due to long transient times and constant furnace temperatures. Since furnaces are not designed for single-wafer processing, no extensive in-situ real-time measurements can be performed. RTP of Si in O2 and NH3 ambients is an attractive technique for the growth of silicon nitride, silicon dioxide, nitrided oxides, oxidized nitrides, and application-specific insulators [1). We have also demonstrated the feasibility of low-temperature nitridation of Si in nitrogen plasma generated by microwave discharge [2]. LPCVD of tungsten (W) has emerged as a viable technology for VLSI. The convent ionalliot-wall furnaces are not suitable for reproducible high-rate W deposition and nonselective formation of W on insulators.
Effect of oxygen pressure on the thermal degradation of a methylphenylsilicone (1959)

Abstract The manner in which changes in air pressure affect the thermal and oxidative degradation of a methylphenylsilicone was investigated as a function of time. A closed, gas‐circulating system of 1500‐cc. volume, incorporating a magnetic balance for following loss of weight in the sample, was employed. Finely ground samples were heated at 400°C. for 7 hours with initial pressures of air ranging from 700 to 50 mg. Hg. Mass spectrometric and infrared analyses identified the gaseous and the volatile products. At all pressures, low molecular weight silicones represented a major portion of the weight loss. Final weight losses in air approximated 10%, and approached, at the lowest pressure (50 mm.), the 7% observed in argon. Water and benzene were evolved, the latter at a rate that decreased with decrease in pressure. Traces of phenol, formaldehyde, propane, and higher molecular weight hydrocarbons were also given off. The evolution of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, methane, and hydrogen and the consumption of oxygen were followed in detail. Changes in air pressure from 700 to 300 mm. did not alter appreciably the rates of product evolution, oxygen consumption, and of weight loss. At lower presures (300 to 50 mm.), however, the molar ratio of the total noncondensed gases generated to total oxygen consumed increased, indicating a possible change in reaction mechanism.
Sounding Depth Measurements: A Method for Evaluating Various Surgical Techniques (1991)

Fourteen patients undergoing periodontal treatment for moderate to severe adult-type periodontitis were included in the study. Seven patients (a total of 210 sites) were treated with modified Widman flap surgery while the other 7 patients (the same number of sites) were treated with apically-positioned flap surgery. The 2 modalities were compared using sounding depth measurements before and immediately after surgery. The mean sounding depth decreased from 4.89 mm to 3.42 mm in the modified Widman flap group, compared to a drop from 4.77 mm to 2.46 mm in the apically-positioned flap group. Neither of these procedures resulted in the total eradication of all periodontal pockets. The final outcome of modified Widman flap surgery may, at times, result in zero sounding depth (placement of the flap at the crest of the bone); on the other hand, very often the flap was placed far supra-crestally in an intended apically-positioned flap procedure. This lack of consistency between intended and actual flap placement would suggest that studies which try to compare different treatment modalities using a flap approach should include sounding depth measurements immediately post-surgery. This is needed to assure that the intended procedure has actually been carried out.
Spur reduction in wideband PLLs by random positioning of charge pump current pulses (2010)

Charge pump PLL is prone to reference spurs due to non-idealities like feedthrough, charge pump current mismatch and loop filter leakage. To resolve the problem of reference spurs, a randomization technique that converts the spurs to wideband noise is proposed. The added wideband noise has insignificant contribution to the output phase noise inside the PLL bandwidth. Analytical expressions are derived to study the effect of the randomization on the output phase noise. A 1 GHz output frequency PLL with a bandwidth of 1 MHz and a 20 MHz reference frequency is simulated to test the idea. From the simulated results we could see a spur reduction of 20 dB in the nominal case. The settling time of the simulated PLL measured for a 25.2 ppm settling error is 4.5 μs.
Suppression of Electron Mobility Degradation in (100)-Oriented Double-Gate Ultra-Thin Body nMOSFETs with SOI Thickness of Less Than 2 nm (2007)

Much attention has been paid to ultra-thin body (UTB) and double-gate (DG) MOSFETs because of their superior immunity to short channel effect. However, it has been reported that the electron mobility is degraded in DG compared with single-gate (SG) in (100) UTB nMOSFETs with SOI thickness (t <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">SOI</sub> ) of around 5-15 nm (Uchida et al., 2003). On the other hand, it has been reported that the hole mobility is enhanced in (100) DG pMOSFETs with t <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">SOI</sub> of around 5-6 nm (Tsutsui et al., 2006). In order to design nano-scale DG CMOSFETs such as FinFETs, it is quite important to understand electron mobility behaviors in DG and to identify the suitable device parameters without mobility degradation. In this study, electron mobility in (100) SG and DG with t <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">SOI</sub> of less than 5 nm is experimentally investigated. It is found for the first time that no mobility degradation in DG compared with SG occurs when t <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">SOI</sub> is 1.7 nm due to strong quantum confinement by ultimately thin SOI.
Supplementary Figure 2 from C/EBPα, C/EBPα Oncoproteins, or C/EBPβ Preferentially Bind NF-κB p50 Compared with p65, Focusing Therapeutic Targeting on the C/EBP:p50 Interaction (2023)

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Reaction-activated palladium catalyst for dehydrogenation of substituted cyclohexanones to phenols and H2 without oxidants and hydrogen acceptors (2015)

It is widely believed that the dehydrogenation of organic compounds is a thermodynamically unfavorable process, and thus requires stoichiometric oxidants such as dioxygen and metal oxides or sacrificial hydrogen acceptors to remove the hydrogen from the reaction mixture to drive the equilibrium towards the products. Here we report a previously unappreciated combination of common commercial Pd/C and H<sub>2</sub> which dehydrogenates a wide range of substituted cyclohexanones and 2-cyclohexenones to their corresponding phenols with high isolated yields, with H<sub>2</sub> as the only byproduct. The reaction requires no oxidants or hydrogen acceptors because instead of removing the generated hydrogen with oxidants or hydrogen acceptors, we demonstrated it can be used as a cocatalyst to help power the reaction. This method for phenol synthesis manifests a high atom economy, and is inherently devoid of the complications normally associated with oxidative dehydrogenations.
Graphical models for simulation and control of robotic systems for waste handling (1991)

Detailed geometric models have been used within a graphical simulation environment to study transportation cask facility design and to perform design and analyses of robotic systems for handling of nuclear waste. The models form the basis for a robot control environment which provides safety, flexibility, and reliability for operations which span the spectrum from autonomous control to tasks requiring direct human intervention.