gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cucurbit[6]uril is an ultrasensitive129Xe NMR contrast agent (2015)

A lack of molecular contrast agents has slowed the application of ultrasensitive hyperpolarized (129)Xe NMR methods. Here, we report that commercially available cucurbit[6]uril (CB[6]) undergoes rapid xenon exchange kinetics at 300 K, and is detectable by Hyper-CEST NMR at 1.8 pM in PBS and at 1 μM in human plasma where many molecules, including polyamines, can compete with xenon for CB[6] binding.
Veränderung der Sterine durch industrielle Verarbeitungsprozesse von Fetten und Ölen I: Einfluß der Raffinationsbedingungen auf den Steringehalt und die Sterinzusammensetzung (1974)

Abstract Die Wirkung von Bleicherden auf Cholesterin wurde sowohl in Lösung in einem neutralen, synthetischen Triglycerid als auch in Hexan untersucht und der Einfluß der Reaktionsbedingungen auf die Menge und die qualitative Zusammensetzung der entstehenden Derivate getestet. Neben der Acidität der Bleicherde ist auch die des zu bleichenden Substrats für die Reaktion von Bedeutung. Daneben spielen Art und Menge der Sterinester sowie die Konzentration an Bleicherde und Sterin im Fett eine Rolle. Durch gas‐ und dünnschichtchromatographische Untersuchungen der gebildeten Sterinderivate wurde festgestellt, daß qualitativ immer die gleichen Artefakte entstehen, wenn auch in unterschiedlichen Mengenverhältnissen.
Cytidine Deaminase from Escherichia coli (1971)

Abstract Cytidine deaminase (cytidine aminohydrolase, EC 3.5.4.5) has been purified approximately 160-fold from extracts of Escherichia coli B. The enzyme shows constant activity between pH 6 and 11. No significant change in rate is observed when D2O replaces water as the solvent. In addition to the deamination of cytidine, the purified deaminase catalyzes slow hydrolysis of N4-methylcytidine. The enzyme is competitively inhibited by 3,4,5,6-tetrahydrouridine, previously shown to inhibit the deamination of 1-β-d-arabinofuranosylcytosine by preparations of human liver. The bacterial enzyme exhibits an affinity for this inhibitor exceeding by more than four orders of magnitude its combined affinity for the products uridine and ammonia.
Characterization of piezoelectric ring used for wire bonding transducer application (2002)

Resonant vibration modes excited in a piezoelectric PZT ring which are closely related to its geometry and dimensions were studied. By a thinning test of the ring, the electromechanical properties of the ring were measured as a function of its thickness and shifts in resonance vibrations were noted. Ring thickness was also optimized in relation to the electromechanical performance of the ring used for wire bonding applications.
Notes - Pentaerythritol Derivatives. III. 2,6-Dioxaspiro [3,3] heptane (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNotes - Pentaerythritol Derivatives. III. 2,6-Dioxaspiro [3,3] heptaneCostas H. Issidorides and Nazar S. AprahamianCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1956, 21, 12, 1534Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1956Publication History Published online21 February 2003Published inissue 1 December 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01118a618https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01118a618research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views50Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Coupled Resonance Enhanced Modulation for a Graphene-Loaded Metamaterial Absorber (2019)

A graphene-loaded metamaterial absorber is investigated in the mid-infrared region. The light-graphene interaction is greatly enhanced by virtue of the coupled resonance through a cross-shaped slot. The absorption peaks show a significant blueshift with increasing Fermi level, enabling a wide range of tunability for the absorber. A simple circuit model well explains and predicts this modulation behavior. Our proposal may find applications in a variety of areas such as switching, sensing, modulating, and biochemical detecting.
Gastric acid suppression promotes alcoholic liver disease by inducing overgrowth of intestinal Enterococcus (2017)

Chronic liver disease is rising in western countries and liver cirrhosis is the 12th leading cause of death worldwide. Simultaneously, use of gastric acid suppressive medications is increasing. Here, we show that proton pump inhibitors promote progression of alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in mice by increasing numbers of intestinal Enterococcus spp. Translocating enterococci lead to hepatic inflammation and hepatocyte death. Expansion of intestinal Enterococcus faecalis is sufficient to exacerbate ethanol-induced liver disease in mice. Proton pump inhibitor use increases the risk of developing alcoholic liver disease among alcohol-dependent patients. Reduction of gastric acid secretion therefore appears to promote overgrowth of intestinal Enterococcus, which promotes liver disease, based on data from mouse models and humans. Recent increases in the use of gastric acid-suppressive medications might contribute to the increasing incidence of chronic liver disease.Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) reduce gastric acid secretion and modulate gut microbiota composition. Here Llorente et al. show that PPIs induce bacterial overgrowth of enterococci, which, in turn, exacerbate ethanol-induced liver disease both in mice and humans.
Design von biohybriden Sensoren für organische Säuren mit der Sensordomäne von CitA aus Geobacillus thermoleovorans (2018)

Dem Wunsch nach
Boosting the MOSFETs Matching by Using Diamond Layout Style (2020)

This manuscript presents an experimental comparative study between the Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (MOS) Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) Field Effect Transistors, n-type, (nMOSFETs) matching, which are implemented with the hexagonal gate shape (Diamond) and standard rectangular ones. The main analog parameters and figures of merit of 360 devices are investigated. The results establish that the Diamond SOI MOSFETs with α angles equal to 90o can boost in more than in average -45.8% with a standard deviation of 20.1% the devices matching in comparison to those found with the typical rectangular SOI MOSFETs, concerning the same gate area and bias conditions. Consequently, the Diamond layout style is an alternative technique to reduce the nMOSFETs’ mismatching, considering the analog SOI Complementary MOS (CMOS) integrated circuits (ICs) applications.
Neue Wege zur Synthese einiger Pyrimidine und Chinazoline (1966)

In dieser Arbeit wird ein Überblick über einige neue Methoden zur Synthese bisher unbekannter Pyrimidine, Tetrahydrochinazoline und Chinazoline gegeben. Es handelt sich um besonders einfache ein- oder zweistufige Reaktionen, die allgemein und vielseitig anwendbar sind und mit hohen Ausbeuten verlaufen. Einige Eigenschaften der so gewonnenen heterocyclischen Systeme werden besprochen.
Air Flow Resistance of Flexible Metal Hose (1960)

(1960). Air Flow Resistance of Flexible Metal Hose. American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal: Vol. 21, No. 4, pp. 296-299.
HyNTP: A Distributed Hybrid Algorithm for Time Synchronization (2023)

This article presents a distributed hybrid algorithm that synchronizes the time and rate of a set of clocks connected over a network. Clock measurements of the nodes are given at aperiodic time instants, and the controller at each node uses these measurements to achieve synchronization. Due to the continuous and impulsive nature of the clocks and the network, we introduce a hybrid system model to effectively capture the dynamics of the system and the proposed hybrid algorithm. Moreover, the hybrid algorithm allows each agent to estimate the skew of its internal clock in order to allow for synchronization to a common timer rate. We provide sufficient conditions guaranteeing the synchronization of the timers, exponentially fast, with robustness. Numerical results illustrate the synchronization property induced by the proposed algorithm as well as its performance against comparable algorithms from the literature.
Ultrafast time resolved x-ray diffraction, extended x-ray absorption fine structure and x-ray absorption near edge structure (2012)

Ultrafast time resolved x-ray absorption and x-ray diffraction have made it possible to measure, in real time, transient phenomena structures and processes induced by optical femtosecond pulses. To illustrate the power of these experimental methods, we present several representative examples from the literature. (I) Time resolved measurements of photon/electron coupling, electron/phonon interaction, pressure wave formation, melting and recrystallization by means of time resolved x-ray diffraction. (II) Ultrafast x-ray absorption, EXAFS, for the direct measurement of the structures and their kinetics, evolved during electron transfer within molecules in liquid phase. (III) XANES experiments that measure directly pathway for the population of high spin states and the study of the operating mechanism of dye activated TiO2 solar cell devices. The construction and use of novel polycapillary x-ray lenses that focus and collimate hard x-rays efficiently are described.
The incidence of adrenal and other antibodies in the sera of patients with idiopathic adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease). (1967)

The histories of 118 (sixty-one males, fifty-seven females) with idiopathic Addison's disease were reviewed and their sera tested for adrenal, thyroid, gastric and parathyroid antibodies. Adrenal antibodies were found in approximately 50% of patients with idiopathic Addison's disease. The majority of these patients, particularly the females, had an associated diagnosed disease. Studies of antibodies to various tissues is of assistance in detecting the frequent sub-clinical occurrence of other diseases in idiopathic Addison's disease. The onset of idiopathic Addison's disease in sixty-four of the group was during adult life, in forty-seven during childhood, and in seven was not known. In fifty-one the diagnosis of an associated disease had been made (hypoparathyroidism, eighteen; pernicious anaemia, seven; moniliasis, seven; diabetes, ten; cirrhosis, two; alopecia, three; thyroid disease, thirty). A further twenty-four patients had antibodies to gastric, thryoid or parathyroid tissue. The finding of an associated disease, or antibody other than adrenal, was greatest in adult females (thirty-three of thirty-nine), frequent in female children (thirteen of seventeen), less common in adult males (eleven of twenty-five) and least in male children (thirteen of thirty). Only forty-three of the group had no evidence of an associated disease. Adrenal antibodies were found in fifty-seven of the 118 patients studied, occurring most frequently in females with a diagnosed associated disease (twenty-three of thirty), and least commonly in males without an associated disease (seven of forty).
N1-Methylnicotinamide Oxidation in a Number of Mammals (1967)

Abstract Mammalian livers contain an enzyme system which can oxidize N1-methylnicotinamide to N1-methyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide (4-pyridone) and N1-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide (2-pyridone). Many of the properties of this enzyme system are similar to those which have been reported for rabbit liver aldehyde oxidase. Both pyridones are made in all the mammals examined, although in varying ratios. The ratio of the 2-pyridone to the 4-pyridone is constant for a a given species. The ratio characteristic of the oxidation of N1-methylnicotinamide by the enzyme system in the livers of mice and hogs is maintained under a variety of conditions including purification, heat denaturation, variation in type and amount of oxygen accepter, variation in substrate concentration, inhibition by cyanide, and loss of activity due to storage at -15°. These data have been taken as preliminary evidence in support of the concept that the two pyridones are synthesized from N1-methylnicotinamide by a single enzyme. The differential effects on the synthesis of the two pyridones exerted by Amytal and variation in the pH of the assay media have been observed. These findings may be indicative of different binding states or catalytic requirements for the two different oxidation processes or both. The gross similarities in the hog, mouse, and rabbit activities are compatible with all being attributable to aldehyde oxidases having similar but not identical structures.
Natural and Enhanced Attenuation of Chlorinated Solvents Using RT3D (2006)

RT3D (Reactive Transport in 3-Dimensions) is a reactive transport code that can be applied to model solute fate and transport for many different purposes. This document specifically addresses application of RT3D for modeling related to evaluation and implementation of Monitored Natural Attenuation (MNA). Selection of MNA as a remedy requires an evaluation process to demonstrate that MNA will meet the remediation goals. The U.S. EPA, through the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response (OSWER) Directive 9200.4?17P, provides the regulatory context for the evaluation and implementation of MNA. In a complementary fashion, the context for using fate and transport modeling as part of MNA evaluation is described in the EPA?s technical protocol for chlorinated solvent MNA, the Scenarios Evaluation Tool for Chlorinated Solvent MNA, and in this document. The intent of this document is to describe (1) the context for applying RT3D for chlorinated solvent MNA and (2) the attenuation processes represented in RT3D, (3) dechlorination reactions that may occur, and (4) the general approach for using RT3D reaction modules (including a summary of the RT3D reaction modules that are available) to model fate and transport of chlorinated solvents as part of MNA or for combinations of MNA and selected types of active remediation.
Structural determination of the lipid A from the deep-sea bacterium Zunongwangia profunda SM-A87: a small-scale approach (2022)

Zunongwangia profunda SM-A87 is a deep-sea sedimentary bacterium from the phylum Bacteroidetes, representing a new genus of Flavobacteriaceae. It was previously investigated for its capability of yielding high quantities of capsular polysaccharides (CPS) with interesting rheological properties, including high viscosity and tolerance to high salinities and temperatures. However, as a Gram-negative, Z. profunda SM-A87 also expresses lipopolysaccharides (LPS) as the main components of the external leaflet of its outer membrane. Here, we describe the isolation and characterization of the glycolipid part of this LPS, i.e. the lipid A, which was achieved by-passing the extraction procedure of the full LPS and by working on the ethanol precipitation product, which contained both the CPS fraction and bacterial cells. To this aim a dual approach was adopted and all analyses confirmed the isolation of Z. profunda SM-A87 lipid A that turned out to be a blend of species with high levels of heterogeneity both in the acylation and phosphorylation pattern, as well as in the hydrophilic backbone composition. Mono-phosphorylated tetra- and penta-acylated lipid A species were identified and characterized by a high content of branched, odd-numbered, and unsaturated fatty acid chains as well as, for some species, by the presence of a hybrid disaccharide backbone.
Aortic and venous valve for percutaneous insertion (2000)

The purpose of this paper is to present in vitro and in vivo experimental evaluation of a new, artificial, bicuspid, aortic and venous valve. Valves were constructed from square stents with barbs covered by porcine small intestine submucosa (SIS). A valve 15 mm in diameter was tested in a flow model (2.5 l/min) with pressure measurement. A 100-ml rubber bag attached to a side arm of the flow model simulated heart ejection fraction. In acute (n=6) and short-term (n=3) experiments conducted in four swine and four dogs, valves ranging from 16-28 mm in diameter were placed into the ascending aorta through 10 F sheaths; three were placed subcoronary and six in a supracoronary position. Function and stability of the valves were studied with pressure measurements and aortograms. Three short-term animals were sacrificed for gross and histologic evaluation at one, two and four weeks respectively. In an acute experiment, venous valves with four barbs were placed into the IVC through an 8 F guiding catheter in three dogs. For longer-term testing, valves were placed into the IVCs and iliac veins of three young swine. The animals were followed up after two weeks with venograms, then were sacrificed for gross and histologic evaluation.
Multisite and Cooperative Enzymes (2002)

In this chapter, the kinetics of multisite and cooperative enzymes is discussed. The sequential interaction model is derived from first principles, consolidating existing models on the topic. Microscopic versus macroscopic dissociation constants are discussed. Reduction of the sequential interaction model to the Hill model is demonstrated. The concerted transition model is also developed from first principles and its assumptions discussed. The analysis of the activity of a two-substrate enzyme using both models is shown.
Formulation development of a recombinant Streptokinase suppository for hemorrhoids treatment (2013)

Recombinant Streptokinase (rSK) is a protein of bacterial origin currently used in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction. Its thrombolytic and anti-inflammatory action makes it attractive for the treatment of hemorrhoids. In this work the influence of absorption enhancer, preservative and emulsifiers on rSK stability was accessed by determining its biological activity under stress conditions. According to the results obtained, were selected as excipients for the formulation: Sodium salicylate as enhancer and anti-inflammatory agent, thimerosal as preservative, Span 60 as emulsifier and Witepsol W25 as suppository base and 100 000 IU per gram of suppository for stability study. Afterwards, three lots at pilot scale were manufactured, packed in aluminum blister shell and stored at 5 ± 3 ºC. Immediately after preparation, the samples were evaluated at months 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 18 having into account the physical, chemical and biological properties. The stability study demonstrated that the formulation containing rSK as active pharmaceutical ingredient was stable during 18 months under refrigerated conditions.
Chatbots as assistants: an architectural framework (2017)

Automated text-based or speech-based personal assistants, also known as chatbots, have been prevalent in several domains including marketing and technical support. Through mainstream applications, such as Siri or Alexa, their popularity has increased and we now see them being used in even more domains. Although the purpose of chatbots varies among domains, there are common elements that all chatbots share. By identifying these elements, it is possible to streamline the development of chatbots en masse and in a structured manner. Additionally, there can be common challenges in the development of such applications, for example, how to treat novice versus expert users or how to establish memory of the conversation. In this work, we propose a reference architecture for chatbots using concepts from Software Product Lines and Feature Models, where we outline the common elements as well as the common challenges. Using Watson and Bluemix as the basic platforms, we also present the creation of two chatbots, for different purposes, based on this reference architecture to highlight these commonalities.
Detergency evaluation and testing (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVBook and Media Revie...Book and Media ReviewNEXTDetergency evaluation and testingCornelia T. Snell Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1954, 31, 8, 441Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1954Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 August 1954Published inissue 1 August 1954https://doi.org/10.1021/ed031p441.4RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views187Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Unity power factor operation of three-phase AC-DC converter based on modular approach for telecom applications (2012)

High power telecommunication power supply systems consist of a three-phase switch mode converter followed by a dc-dc converter to supply 12kW SMPS. These rectifiers draw significant harmonic currents from the utility, resulting in poor input power factor with high total harmonic distortion (THD). In this paper, a three-phase ac-dc converter based on modular approach is proposed for telecommunication applications. The proposed system is formed by three single-phase modules with series connected dc outputs to increase the power level. The series connection of converter yields balanced three phase currents and galvanic isolation with the use of a high frequency transformer, and provides 6-pulse rectification, both together resulting in a smaller output filter components. A design example and simulation results are presented to validate the model of the proposed three-phase 12-kW SMPS converter.