gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Trypanosoma cruzi induces suppression of DNA synthesis and inhibits expression of interleukin-2 receptors by stimulated human B lymphocytes. (1991)

Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas' disease, suppresses immune responses during the acute phase and has been shown to induce multiple cellular alterations in activated human T lymphocytes. However, no information is available regarding the effects of this parasite on human B cells. Using an in vitro culture system, in which purified T. cruzi are co-cultured with either peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) or B-cell-enriched preparations (BCE), we studied whether the organism can induce alterations in DNA synthesis after stimulation with Pansorbin (PS). This response was markedly reduced by the parasite at both suboptimal and optimal PS concentrations, and the extent of the inhibition was augmented as the parasite concentration was increased. Maximal reduction in DNA synthesis was observed when the trypanosomes were incorporated into the cultures at 0 time (i.e. together with PS); the effect was of a much lesser magnitude and undetectable when the parasites were added at 24 and 48 hr, respectively. These results imply that T. cruzi affects a relatively early event during B-cell stimulation. This inference was confirmed by the finding that the proportion of PS-stimulated B cells expressing interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptors was significantly reduced when the parasite was present in the culture. Addition of recombinant human IL-2 did not restore B-cell responsiveness to normal levels. Suppressed B-cell responses were also observed when T. cruzi was separated from the PBMC or the BCE by a cell-impermeable filter, indicating that a soluble factor(s) released by the organism mediated the effect. Accordingly, supernatants of T. cruzi suspensions were found to be suppressive. These results demonstrate for the first time that T. cruzi can affect human B-cell responses and that the mechanism involves inhibition of IL-2 receptor expression.
Granite polishing: Effects of polishing parameters and tool paths on part quality and dust emission (2018)

Machining is necessary to shape parts but it is also an important source of pollution (such as dust and aerosols) and this constitutes hazards for machine-tools operators. The emission of dust depends on machining conditions, processes, tooling, and machining strategies. The shop floor air quality is thus of great concern when shaping dusty materials such as granite as this process generates harmful dusts. In recent times, the occupational health and safety regulations have become more severe. On the 24th of March 2016, the US department of Labor’s, occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) announced the reduction of the exposure limit for inhalable crystalline silica dust by half. To quickly comply with these new regulations, engineers and researchers must help industries in developing strategies to limit workers risk of exposure to the silica. This paper investigates the emission of fine and ultrafine particle emission when polishing granite as a function of machining conditions and parameters. The main goal is to determine machining conditions leading to less dust emission while maintaining acceptable part quality and productivity.
Estimating the Impact of Unknown Unknowns on Aggregate Query Results (2016)

It is common practice for data scientists to acquire and integrate disparate data sources to achieve higher quality results. But even with a perfectly cleaned and merged data set, two fundamental questions remain: (1) is the integrated data set complete and (2) what is the impact of any unknown (i.e., unobserved) data on query results?
Capillary electrophoresis and microscale thermophoresis in fragment-based drug discovery : development of screening bioassays towards FXIIa (2019)

peer reviewed
Redox Regulation of 3′-Phosphoadenylylsulfate Reductase from Escherichia coli by Glutathione and Glutaredoxins (2003)

Inorganic sulfate (SO42-, S+VI) is reduced in vivo to sulfite (SO32-, S+IV) via phosphoadenylylsulfate (PAPS) reductase. Escherichia coli lacking glutathione reductase and glutaredoxins (gor-grxA-grxB-grxC-) barely grows on sulfate. We found that incubation of PAPS reductase with oxidized glutathione leads to enzyme inactivation with simultaneous formation of a mixed disulfide between glutathione and the active site Cys-239. A newly developed method based on thiol-specific fluorescent alkylation and gel electrophoresis showed that glutathionylated PAPS reductase is reduced by glutaredoxins via a monothiol mechanism. This glutathionylated species was also observed in poorly growing gor-grxA-grxB-grxC- cells expressing inactive glutaredoxin 2 (Grx2) C9S/C12S. However, it was absent in better growing cells expressing monothiol Grx2 C12S or wild type Grx2. Reversible glutathionylation may thus regulate the activity of PAPS reductase in vivo.
One Step Hydrothermal Synthesis of Fe1.19(PO4)(OH)0.57(H2O)0.43 composite cathode material and Its Electrochemical Properties in Li-Ion Batteries (2018)

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been widely applied as a power source for portable and stationary energy storage systems. In this work, we report the electrochemical performance of FPHH/CB and FPHH/CNT cathode materials for Li-ion batteries where FPHH represents Fe1.19(PO4)(OH)0.57(H2O)0.43 while carbon black (CB) and carbon nanotubes (CNT) were used as precursors in the one-pot hydrothermal synthesis. We show that the addition of conducting carbon black into the solution has a strong influence on reducing the particle size and tailoring their morphology. Thanks to its favorable microstructural characteristics, the FPHH-10 wt% C and FPHH-20 wt% C materials exhibited good performance [1]. The CNT also improve the performance of FPHH such as capacity retention. The study of the reaction mechanism of FPHH/CNT during cycling by combining operando XRD and 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy (Figure 1) shows that the insertion mechanism is a monophasic reaction with 10% volume variations associated to the Fe3+/Fe2+ redox reaction [2]. Acknowledgements A. Mahmoud is grateful to University of Liege and FRS-FNRS for the grants and thanks to the Walloon region for a Beware Fellowship Academia 2015-1, RESIBAT n° 1510399. Part of this work was supported by the Walloon Region under the “PE PlanMarshall2.vert” program (BATWAL – 1318146). References 1. C. Karegeya, A. Mahmoud, R. Cloots, B. Vertruyen, F. Boschini, Electrochimica Acta 250 (2017) 49-58. 2. A. Mahmoud, C. Karegeya, M. T. Sougrati, J. Bodart, B. Vertruyen, R. Cloots, P-E. Lippens, F. Boschini. ACS Applied Materials and interfaces 10 (2018) 34202-34211.
Conformational Analysis of Oligomers of (R)-3-Hydroxybutanoic Acid in Solutions by 1H NMR Spectroscopy (1998)

Abstract Oligomers of (R)-3-hydroxybutanoic acid (3-HB) with different end groups and chain lengths have been prepared as model compounds of bacterial poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutanoate] [P(3-HB)]. They were studied in terms of their conformational behavior generated by rotation about CH2–CH bond of 3-HB units in solutions. The conformational behaviors of 3-HB oligomers were investigated in various solvents by analysis of vicinal coupling in the 500-MHz 1H NMR spectra. For all 3-HB oligomers studied in this work, 3-HB units without hydroxy group were found, in every solvent, to adopt similar conformational distributions to those of P(3-HB) polymer backbone in solutions, in which trans and gauche conformers are preferable, while the other gauche conformer is strongly disfavored. On the other hand, 3-HB units adjacent to hydroxy terminal group in 3-HB oligomers show different conformational behaviors relative to those of other 3-HB units. In non-polar organic solvents, only gauche conformer is predominant, due to the formation of an intramolecular hydrogen bond between hydroxy and carbonyl groups, while in polar organic solvents, the conformer distributions are similar to those of 3-HB units without hydroxy groups. In aqueous solution, for 3-HB units adjacent to hydroxy terminal group, the fractions of gauche conformer are still higher than those of trans conformer due to the formation of an intramolecular hydrogen bond.
Ant Colony Based Algorithm to Identify Alarm Patterns For Predicting Equipment Failures (2006)

The core of condition based maintenance is the ability to analyze data in real-time and to predict potential equipment failures. The goal is to avoid catastrophic failures through prompt execution of remedial actions. This paper describes an attempt to develop an Ant colony based algorithm, called Ant Predictor, for identifying alarm pattern for prediction of equipment failures. We collected event logs containing various fault alarms and system activity reports from an automatic material handling equipment for a period of two years. By mining the history data with the Ant Predictor, it is possible to find a plausible sequence of alarms for predicting equipment failure. The initial results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed Ant Predictor for prediction of equipment failures.
Real-time neural vision for obstacle detection using linear cameras (2002)

This paper presents a neural vision system for real-time obstacle detection in front of vehicles using a linear stereo vision set-up. The problem addressed here consists in identifying features in two images that are projections of the same physical entity in the three-dimensional world. The linear stereo correspondence problem is formulated as an optimization problem. An energy function, which represents the constraints on the solution, is mapped onto a two-dimensional Hopfield neural network for minimization. The system has been evaluated with experimental results on real stereo images.
Complexin-1 Enhances the On-Rate of Vesicle Docking via Simultaneous SNARE and Membrane Interactions (2013)

In synaptic terminals, complexin is thought to have inhibitory and activating roles for spontaneous "mini" release and evoked synchronized neurotransmitter release, respectively. We used single vesicle-vesicle microscopy imaging to study the effect of complexin-1 on the on-rate of docking between vesicles that mimic synaptic vesicles and the plasma membrane. We found that complexin-1 enhances the on-rate of docking of synaptic vesicle mimics containing full-length synaptobrevin-2 and full-length synaptotagmin-1 to plasma membrane-mimicking vesicles containing full-length syntaxin-1A and SNAP-25A. This effect requires the C-terminal domain of complexin-1, which binds to the membrane, the presence of PS in the membrane, and the core region of complexin-1, which binds to the SNARE complex.
Optimization of the Exhaust Aftertreatment System of a Heavy Duty Diesel Engine by Means of Variable Valve Timing (2019)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In view of the current political debate, it can be assumed that the nitrogen oxide limits for commercial vehicles will be further reduced. This is also demonstrated by the currently voluntary certification of the CARB Optional Low NO&lt;sub&gt;X&lt;/sub&gt; legislation, which requires nitrogen oxide emissions of 0.027 g/kWh. This corresponds to a reduction of 93 % compared to the current EU VI standard. Therefore, the optimization of EAT systems represents an essential research focus for future commercial vehicle applications.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;One way to optimize the EAT system may be the usage of variable valve actuation. Existing investigations show an exhaust gas temperature increase with intake valve timing adjustment, also known as Miller timing. But the authors conclude that it cannot accelerate the warm up process. With regard to the effects on the exhaust aftertreatment system and the resulting tailpipe emissions, only improved HC and CO oxidation could be identified so far. In addition, a potential for improved NO&lt;sub&gt;X&lt;/sub&gt; reduction is expected in the exhaust gas temperature increase.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Therefore, further investigations have been carried out. The investigations presented in this paper are based on test bench measurements of characteristic points in the WHTC on a single-cylinder commercial vehicle engine, which are then evaluated by a detailed pressure analysis. In combination with validated simulation models of a commercial vehicle series engine and its exhaust aftertreatment system, the effects of the Miller timing on the exhaust aftertreatment are investigated. The results show an improved SCR efficiency, DPF regeneration and also a decreased EAT cool down in the partial load range. Additionally, a change in the NO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;/NO&lt;sub&gt;X&lt;/sub&gt; ratio before the SCR system can be detected. This leads to lower nitrous oxide emissions, given by a suitable choice of valve timing. Therefore, variable valve timing can contribute to fulfil future emission legislations.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Current Status of Islet Encapsulation (2013)

Cell encapsulation is a method of encasing cells in a semipermeable matrix that provides a permeable gradient for the passage of oxygen and nutrients, but effectively blocks immune-regulating cells from reaching the graft, preventing rejection. This concept has been described as early as the 1930s, but it has exhibited substantial achievements over the last decade. Several advances in encapsulation engineering, chemical purification, applications, and cell viability promise to make this a revolutionary technology. Several obstacles still need to be overcome before this process becomes a reality, including developing a reliable source of islets or insulin-producing cells, determining the ideal biomaterial to promote graft function, reducing the host response to the encapsulation device, and ultimately a streamlined, scaled-up process for industry to be able to efficiently and safely produce encapsulated cells for clinical use. This article provides a comprehensive review of cell encapsulation of islets for the treatment of type 1 diabetes, including a historical perspective, current research findings, and future studies.
When Are Graded Rings Graded S-Noetherian Rings (2020)

Let Γ be a commutative monoid, R=⨁α∈ΓRα a Γ-graded ring and S a multiplicative subset of R0. We define R to be a graded S-Noetherian ring if every homogeneous ideal of R is S-finite. In this paper, we characterize when the ring R is a graded S-Noetherian ring. As a special case, we also determine when the semigroup ring is a graded S-Noetherian ring. Finally, we give an example of a graded S-Noetherian ring which is not an S-Noetherian ring.
Data from SHOC2 Is a Critical Modulator of Sensitivity to EGFR–TKIs in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;EGFR mutation-positive patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) respond well to treatment with EGFR–tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR–TKI); however, treatment with EGFR–TKIs is not curative, owing to the presence of residual cancer cells with intrinsic or acquired resistance to this class of drugs. Additional treatment targets that may enhance the efficacy of EGFR–TKIs remain elusive. Using a CRISPR/Cas9-based screen, we identified the leucine-rich repeat scaffold protein SHOC2 as a key modulator of sensitivity to EGFR–TKI treatment. On the basis of &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; assays, we demonstrated that SHOC2 expression levels strongly correlate with the sensitivity to EGFR–TKIs and that SHOC2 affects the sensitivity to EGFR–TKIs in NSCLC cells via SHOC2/MRAS/PP1c and SHOC2/SCRIB signaling. The potential SHOC2 inhibitor celastrol phenocopied SHOC2 depletion. In addition, we confirmed that SHOC2 expression levels were important for the sensitivity to EGFR–TKIs &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;. Furthermore, IHC showed the accumulation of cancer cells that express high levels of SHOC2 in lung cancer tissues obtained from patients with NSCLC who experienced acquired resistance to EGFR–TKIs. These data indicate that SHOC2 may be a therapeutic target for patients with NSCLC or a biomarker to predict sensitivity to EGFR–TKI therapy in &lt;i&gt;EGFR&lt;/i&gt; mutation-positive patients with NSCLC. Our findings may help improve treatment strategies for patients with NSCLC harboring &lt;i&gt;EGFR&lt;/i&gt; mutations.&lt;/p&gt;Implications:&lt;p&gt;This study showed that SHOC2 works as a modulator of sensitivity to EGFR–TKIs and the expression levels of SHOC2 can be used as a biomarker for sensitivity to EGFR–TKIs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
An Active Composite Reflector System for Correcting Thermal Deformations (2011)

A meter-scale piezoelectrically active composite re ector has been developed and tested. The active re ector consists of a spherically curved, graphite face sheet, aluminum honeycomb core composite panel augmented with a network of distributed piezoelectric composite actuators. The piezoelectric actuator system may be used for controlling the structural dynamic response of the re ector, or for correcting low-order, thermally-induced quasistatic distortions of the panel. In this study, thermally-induced surface deformations of 1 to 5 microns were deliberately introduced onto the re ector, then measured using a speckle holography system. The re ector surface gure was subsequently corrected to a tolerance of 100 nm using a lattice of 90 piezoelectric composite actuators distributed across the re ector’s back face sheet. Initial experimental investigations consisted of open-loop gure control to determine in uence functions and control authority for each individuallyaddressable actuator, followed by a closed-loop gure control implementation. This paper will describe the design, construction, and testing of the active composite re ector system under thermal loads, and subsequent correction of thermal deformations via distributed piezoelectric actuation.
Adjustable window for amplitude estimation considering the time-varying frequency of power systems signals (2015)

The development of signal processing techniques that allows the estimation of parameters from the power system are crucial to keep the grid within a safe margin of operation. Some methods require a specific sampling rate in order to avoid asynchronous sampling, which may result in errors in estimation algorithms. Due to unbalances between demand and supply, the power signal is time-varying in nature, hindering the selection of an optimal fixed window length. In this work is proposed a technique in which the window length adapts to the actual value of estimated frequency, achieving better performance. The filter utilized to test the method was a moving average filter, but it can be expanded for other algorithms. Results have shown good performance when changing the filter coefficients according to frequency estimation.
The Economic and Geopolitical Effects of the European Union (2016)

The European Union (EU) is one of the largest trade unions in the world and has a substantial impact on the global economic system. This paper discusses the creation of the EU, the establishment of the Euro as the dominant currency, and the diversity between the member nations, comparing their similarities and contrasting their differences. Organizations that influence and shape the European Union such as the World Trade Organization, the European Central Bank, and the International Monetary Fund are also discussed. As an illustration of this influence, Greece’s declining economy is examined. A brief outline of the migrant crisis that the EU is currently facing is also covered, demonstrating issues related to the cost of and transportation for war refugees, as well as criteria for processing them. In conclusion, an examination of the European Union’s current capabilities of integrating into a political union is conducted, evaluating its level of political and economic cooperation, the capacity and willingness to create a central military force, and the recent developments in negotiations between the EU and Great Britain.
Mechanism of oxygen transfer in layered lanthanide nickelates Ln2 − x NiO4 + δ (Ln = La, Pr) and their nanocomposites with Ce0.9Gd0.1O2 − δ and Y2(Ti0.8Zr0.2)1.6Mn0.4O7 − δ solid electrolytes (2013)

The mechanism of oxygen transfer in layered nickelates having a Ruddlesden-Popper structure and their nanocomposites with Ce0.9Gd0.1O2 − δ (GDC) and Y2(Ti0.8Zr0.2)1.6Mn0.4O7 − δ (YTZM) solid electrolytes having fluorite and pyrochlore structures were studied by the oxygen isotope heteroexchange method in a flow and static reactor, thermoprogrammed desorption, and semiempirical interacting bonds method. The experimental heteroexchange data were adequately described by assuming that all atoms were equivalent in exchange in the bulk of layered nickelates, which was consistent with the cooperative oxygen migration model with fast exchange between the interstitial and regular positions. Strong interaction between the domains of the nickelate phases and solid electrolytes in nanocomposites, accompanied by a redistribution of cations between the phases, hindered the cooperative oxygen migration and led to a decrease in the diffusion coefficient as the exchange rate increased.
Local Model Poisoning Attacks to Byzantine-Robust Federated Learning (2019)

In federated learning, multiple client devices jointly learn a machine learning model: each client device maintains a local model for its local training dataset, while a master device maintains a global model via aggregating the local models from the client devices. The machine learning community recently proposed several federated learning methods that were claimed to be robust against Byzantine failures (e.g., system failures, adversarial manipulations) of certain client devices. In this work, we perform the first systematic study on local model poisoning attacks to federated learning. We assume an attacker has compromised some client devices, and the attacker manipulates the local model parameters on the compromised client devices during the learning process such that the global model has a large testing error rate. We formulate our attacks as optimization problems and apply our attacks to four recent Byzantine-robust federated learning methods. Our empirical results on four real-world datasets show that our attacks can substantially increase the error rates of the models learnt by the federated learning methods that were claimed to be robust against Byzantine failures of some client devices. We generalize two defenses for data poisoning attacks to defend against our local model poisoning attacks. Our evaluation results show that one defense can effectively defend against our attacks in some cases, but the defenses are not effective enough in other cases, highlighting the need for new defenses against our local model poisoning attacks to federated learning.
Strain differences in regional brain histamine levels between genetically epilepsy-prone and resistant rats. (1992)

In order to further elucidate the possible role of histamine in the seizure model, we determined the histamine levels in different brain regions of genetically epilepsy-prone Krushinski-Molodkina (KM) rats. Histamine levels in the striatum, hippocampus, amygdala, midbrain, thalamus and hypothalamus of KM rats were significantly lower than in the epilepsy-resistant Wistar rats. Previously, we have reported that the audiogenic seizures of KM rats were reduced by metoprine, which can markedly increase brain histamine. These findings are in agreement with the hypothesis that central histamine neuron system may be involved in the inhibitory mechanism of seizures.
[(Aminomethy)aryloxy]acetic Acid Esters. A New Class of High-Ceiling Diuretics. 4. Substituted 6,7-Dichloro-2,3-dihydrobenzofurans Derived by Ring Annelation (1985)

Ring annelation of the [(aminomethyl)aryloxy]acetic acids produced a series of substituted 6,7-dichloro-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-carboxylic acids. Pharmacologic evaluation of these compounds in rats and dogs indicated that several congeners are extremely potent salidiuretics. Clearance and micropuncture experiments in rats for compound 5a confirmed the high-ceiling diuretic profile and demonstrated that 5a has a site of action at the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop.