gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Path Planning Based on Simulated Annealing Ant Colony Algorithm (2016)

In recent years, with the extensive application of the path planning technology, the development prospect of this technology is more and more broad, and the scientific research value of it is also more and more important. It is very necessary to apply it to the underground coal mine with complex terrain, and the algorithm is the core content of the research on path planning. We add simulated annealing algorithm into the process of ant colony algorithm formed simulated annealing ant colony algorithm in this paper, and apply it to the path planning, solve the local optimum problem caused by precocity in ant colony algorithm. For further ensure to find the optimal path, entropy increase strategy was used, that means using multiple update path to avoid algorithm premature, it's easier to find global optimal solution. Simulation result shows that the method presented in this paper obtains the optimization path and proves that the algorithm is efficient and reliable.
An Operando Mechanistic Evaluation of a Solar‐Rechargeable Sodium‐Ion Intercalation Battery (2017)

Abstract Solar‐intercalation batteries, which are able to both harvest and store solar energy within the electrodes, are a promising technology for the more efficient utilization of intermittent solar radiation. However, there is a lack of understanding on how the light‐induced intercalation reaction occurs within the electrode host lattice. Here, an in operando synchrotron X‐ray diffraction methodology is introduced, which allows for real‐time visualization of the structural evolution process within a solar‐intercalation battery host electrode lattice. Coupled with ex situ material characterization, direct correlations between the structural evolution of MoO 3 and the photo‐electrochemical responses of the solar‐intercalation batteries are established for the first time. MoO 3 is found to transform, via a two‐phase reaction mechanism, initially into a sodium bronze phase, Na 0.33 MoO 3 , followed by the formation of solid solutions, Na x MoO 3 (0.33 &lt; x &lt; 1.1), on further photointercalation. Time‐resolved correlations with the measured voltages indicate that the two‐phase evolution reaction follows zeroth‐order kinetics. The insights achieved from this study can aid the development of more advanced photointercalation electrodes and solar batteries with greater performances.
Selective redox regulation of cytokine receptor signaling by extracellular thioredoxin-1 (2007)

The thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase thioredoxin-1 (Trx1) is known to be secreted by leukocytes and to exhibit cytokine-like properties. Extracellular effects of Trx1 require a functional active site, suggesting a redox-based mechanism of action. However, specific cell surface proteins and pathways coupling extracellular Trx1 redox activity to cellular responses have not been identified so far. Using a mechanism-based kinetic trapping technique to identify disulfide exchange interactions on the intact surface of living lymphocytes, we found that Trx1 catalytically interacts with a single principal target protein. This target protein was identified as the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 8 (TNFRSF8/CD30). We demonstrate that the redox interaction is highly specific for both Trx1 and CD30 and that the redox state of CD30 determines its ability to engage the cognate ligand and transduce signals. Furthermore, we confirm that Trx1 affects CD30-dependent changes in lymphocyte effector function. Thus, we conclude that receptor-ligand signaling interactions can be selectively regulated by an extracellular redox catalyst.
Cytokine Removal during Continuous Hemofiltration in Septic Patients (1999)

A potential application of the continuous renal replacement therapies is the extracorporeal removal of inflammatory mediators in septic patients. Cytokine elimination with continuous renal replacement therapies has been demonstrated in several clinical studies, but so far without important effects on their serum concentrations. Improved knowledge of the cytokine removal mechanisms could lead to the development of more efficient treatment strategies. In the present study, 15 patients with septic shock and acute renal failure were observed during the first 24 h of treatment with continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) with an AN69 membrane. After 12 h, the hemofilter was replaced and the blood flow rate (QB) was switched from 100 ml/min to 200 ml/min or vice versa. Pre- and postfilter plasma and ultrafiltrate concentrations of selected inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines were measured at several time points allowing the calculation of a mass balance. Cytokine removal was highest 1 h after the start of CVVH and after the change of the membrane (ranging from 25 to 43% of the prefilter amount), corresponding with a significant fall in the serum concentration of all cytokines. The inhibitors of inflammation were removed to the same extent as the inflammatory cytokines. Adsorption to the AN69 membrane appeared to be the main clearance mechanism, being most pronounced immediately after installation of a new membrane and decreasing steadily thereafter, indicating rapid saturation of the membrane. A QB of 200 ml/min was associated with a 75% increase of the ultrafiltration rate and a significantly higher convective elimination and membrane adsorption than at a QB of 100 ml/min. The results indicate that optimal cytokine removal with CVVH with an AN69 membrane could be achieved with a combination of a high QB/ultrafiltration rate and frequent membrane changes.
Every Child an Isolate (2020)

Abstract This chapter reviews several studies revealing the robustness of language acquisition to variability in learners’ access to input that would seem crucial to the function being acquired. It also discusses the ability of children to reconstruct meanings of sentences with covert structure.
Gold(III) compounds as anticancer drugs (2007)

Gold(III) complexes constitute a new class of metallodrugs, of potential interest for cancer treatment. During the past decade different kinds of gold(III) complexes have been reported to be appreciably stable under physiological-like conditions and to manifest relevant antiproliferative properties against selected human tumor cell lines. Some relevant examples are presented. Recent investigations point out that the interactions of cytotoxic gold(III) complexes with DNA are significantly different and weaker than those of platinum analogues; important interactions with model proteins and target proteins have been reported as well. Accordingly, the mechanisms of action of cytotoxic gold(III) complexes seem to be innovative and substantially different from that of cisplatin. Relevant antimitochondrial effects were demonstrated in some cases, eventually leading to cell apoptosis.
FROM THEORY TO FIELD EXPERIENCE WITH THE NON-DESTRUCTIVE VIBRATION TESTING OF PILES. (1974)

Keywords BIRMINGHAM UNIVERSITY, CEBTP THEORY, VIBRATIONS, METHODS, RESPONSES, CONCRETE, BEHAVIOUR, EFFECT, COMPUTERS, MECHANICAL, LENGTH, GROUND, CORRELATION, DIAMETER, SOFT, BORED, APPARATUS, MEASUREMENT, ELECTRICITY, FOUNDATIONS, WORKS, LONDON CLAY, TANKS, FIELD, TESTS, PARAMETERS, GRAPHS, EXCITATION, IDEAL, DEFECTS, ANALYSIS, SITES, CONTINUITY, QUALITY, STIFFNESS, ENDS, DEPOSITS, CAST, PREPARATION, INFLUENCE, GENERATING, GENERATORS, COLLEGES, CLAYS, NON DESTRUCTIVE, PILES, VELOCITY, CYLINDRICAL, VIBRATORS, INTERPRETATION, SHAPE, ANALOGUE, GEOTECHNICS, HEADS, ANCHORAGES, SHAFTS, BEAR AMBES, BORDEAUX, FOS SUR MER, RHONE, PAISLEY COLLEGE, LONDON, FAWLEY FRANCE, UK... Show All
Establishment of measles virus receptor‐expressing Vero cells lacking functional poliovirus receptors (2022)

Global efforts are underway to eliminate measles and rubella, and active viral surveillance is the key to achieving this goal. In addition, the World Health Organization announced guidelines for handling materials potentially infectious for poliovirus (PV) to minimize the risk of PV reintroduction and to achieve PV eradication. To support global efforts, we established new PV-non-susceptible cell lines that are useful for the isolation of measles virus (MeV) and rubella virus (RuV) (Vero ΔPVR1/2 hSLAM+). In the cell lines, MeV and RuV replicated efficiently, with no concern regarding PV replication.
What determines the age at the menopause? (1991)

perceive the standard of general practice to-have been at a low ebb, the worst advice for a patient with chest pain was reckoned to be "take two aspirins and go to casualty"; nowadays the very best advice is to "take one aspirin and go as fast as possible to the nearest hospital coronary care unit."
IUPAC-NIST Solubility Data Series 69. Ternary Alcohol–Hydrocarbon–Water Systems (1999)

The mutual solubilities of ternary systems containing alcohols, hydrocarbons and water are reviewed. An exhaustive search of the literature was attempted for numerical data on all alcohols and hydrocarbons which are liquid at STP. Data were found for alcohols with up to nine carbon atoms, but mostly with fewer than four carbons. Data for a variety of hydrocarbon structural types were found including alkane, alkene, and arene. A total of 205 original studies treating 116 ternary systems which have been published through 1992 are compiled. For 47 systems sufficient data were available to allow critical evaluation. All solubility data are expressed as mass and mole fractions as well as the originally reported units. Similar reviews of the related binary systems have previously been prepared for the Solubility Data Series.
NN-Grams: Unifying Neural Network and n-Gram Language Models for Speech Recognition (2016)

We present NN-grams, a novel, hybrid language model integrating n-grams and neural networks (NN) for speech recognition. The model takes as input both word histories as well as n-gram counts. Thus, it combines the memorization capacity and scalability of an n-gram model with the generalization ability of neural networks. We report experiments where the model is trained on 26B words. NN-grams are efficient at run-time since they do not include an output soft-max layer. The model is trained using noise contrastive estimation (NCE), an approach that transforms the estimation problem of neural networks into one of binary classification between data samples and noise samples. We present results with noise samples derived from either an n-gram distribution or from speech recognition lattices. NN-grams outperforms an n-gram model on an Italian speech recognition dictation task.
60-Hz Interference in Electrocardiography (1973)

One of the major problems encountered in recording ECG's is the appearance of unwanted 60-Hz interference in the output. This paper examines the many possible sources of interference, and for each provides a description, an identifying test, and a remedy. Then we look at possible equipment imperfections and guidelines for amplifier design to aid in the evaluation of new developments in the field of electrocardiography. As an illustrative example, we apply the procedure for isolating the source of interference to an exposition display in which each visitor could rapidly view his own ECG.
Tattoo Removal with Minimal Scarring: The Chemo‐Laser Technique (1988)

A method useful in the removal of decorative tattoos too large for simple excision, or tattoos located in anatomic areas prone to hypertrophic scarring, is described. The method employs the carbon dioxide (CO2) laser for partial ablation of the tattooed area, followed by the repeated application of a urea mixture to complete the removal of the dyes. (These applications continue until the wound is totally healed.) Results indicate that even in areas that typically develop hypertrophic scarring, such as the upper chest, breast, and upper arm, this technique can effectively remove over 95% of the pigment and leave a perfectly flat scar.
XII. On the convection of heat from small cylinders in a stream of fluid: Determination of the convection constants of small platinum wires with applications to hot-wire anemometry (1914)

Abstract The general problem of the convection of heat from bodies immersed in moving media has recently received considerable attention both from the theoretical and experimental point of view. The equation of the conduction of heat in a moving fluid was stated by Fourier as long ago as 1820,(1) and a few years later was expressed by Poisson(2) and Ostrogradsky(3) in the familiar form cDθ/Dt = ∂/∂x(k∂θ/∂x) + ∂/∂y(k∂θ/∂y) + ∂/∂z(k∂θ/∂z), . . . . . (1) where θ is the temperature of the fluid at any point (x, y, z), c the heat capacity of the fluid per unit volume, k its thermal conductivity, and D/Dt the “mobile operator” D/Dt = ∂/∂t + u∂/∂x + v∂/∂y + w∂/∂z of the hydrodynamical equations. In 1901 the problem was taken up by Boussinesq,(4) whose memoir on the subject in 1905 contains a great number of successful calculations of heat losses from bodies of various shapes immersed in a stream of fluid.
Stability of aluminium reduction cells with mean flow (2004)

We report results of the linear stability analysis undertaken to investigate the effect of the mean flow of liquid metal on the stability of aluminum reduction cells. A simplified model of the cell is considered that consists of thin layers of aluminum and cryolite superimposed in an infinite horizontal channel with electrically non-conducting walls. A vertical uniform magnetic field and an electric current are applied in the opposite directions. In the basic steady state, a uniform flow of aluminum is assumed, while cryolite is at rest. The onset of the instability is caused by the action of two different mechanisms. The first is the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability of the mean flow. The second, essentially the MHD mechanism, is a consequence of destabilizing electromagnetic (Lorentz) forces produced by nonuniformities of the electric current due to interface deflections. We use the shallow water approximation and solve the problem for the cases of pure Kelvin-Helmholtz (zero magnetic field) and pure MHD (zero mean flow) instabilities and for the general case. We compute the stability chart and derive the parameters that determine the stability threshold. It is found that, while both playing a destabilizing role, the instability mechanisms do not affect each other. In particular, a uniform mean flow changes the direction of propagation of interfacial waves but leaves the MHD stability threshold unaltered. Figs 4, Refs 12.
Routing for multimedia traffic in wireless frequency-hop communication networks (1999)

A new method is described for routing multimedia traffic in a frequency-hop (FH) store-and-forward packet radio network. The method is illustrated for traffic of two types, each type having its own throughput, delay, and error-rate requirements. A typical application is the routing of voice and data packets in a distributed multiple-hop network. In such an application, voice packets cannot tolerate much delay, but they are allowed to contain a small number of frame erasures while data packets must be delivered error-free even if a moderate delay is required to do so. The fully distributed routing protocol presented in the paper takes into account the type of service required for each type of traffic, and it adapts to the interference as seen by the FH radio receivers in the network. Our approach to multimedia routing is based on least-resistance routing with different link and path resistance metrics for different message types. Each of the resistance metrics for a link reflects the ability of the link to provide the service required by the one of the message types. This includes, but is not limited to, a measure of the likelihood of successful reception by the FH radio receiver for that link. The route selection for a particular type of packet depends on the resistances of the links along the routes from that packet's source to its destination. In general, different routes may be selected for different types of packets. The primary conclusion of this paper is that the quality of service increases for each of the two types of multimedia traffic if the routing protocol accounts for the type of message that is being relayed.
American Society of Diagnostic and Interventional Nephrology Section Editor: Stephen Ash: Stenosis Surveillance of Hemodialysis Grafts by Duplex Ultrasound Reduces Hospitalizations and Cost of Care (2005)

Most recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have found that hemodialysis graft surveillance combined with preemptive correction of stenosis does not prolong graft survival. Nevertheless, such programs may be justified if they reduce other adverse outcomes or decrease the cost of care. This study tested this hypothesis by applying a secondary analysis to our original RCT. This study of 101 patients evaluated correction of stenosis based upon blood flow (Q) and stenosis surveillance. Patients were randomly assigned to control, flow, or stenosis groups, and were followed for up to 28 months. Q was measured monthly by ultrasound dilution; stenosis was measured quarterly by duplex ultrasound. Stenosis of 50% was corrected by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) after referral for angiography. Referral criteria were: control group, clinical criteria; flow group, Q < 600 ml/min or clinical criteria; stenosis group, stenosis > 50% or clinical criteria. We compared access-related hospitalizations and cost of care, and use of central venous dialysis catheters (CVCs), among the three groups. Hospitalization rates were higher in the control and flow groups than in the stenosis group (0.50, 0.57, 0.18/patient-year, respectively [p < 0.01]), and hospitalization costs were lowest in the stenosis group (p = 0.026). The stenosis group had a trend toward lowest CVC rates (0.44, 0.32, 0.20/patient-year, respectively [p = 0.20]). The costs of care were higher in the control and flow groups than in the stenosis group (dollar 3727, dollar 4839, dollar 3306/patient-year, respectively [p = 0.015]). The costs of stenosis (dollar 142/patient-year) and Q (dollar 279/patient-year) measurements were minimal compared to the total cost of access-related care. In conclusion, stenosis surveillance by duplex ultrasound combined with preemptive correction yielded reduced hospitalization rates and costs, reduced total cost of access-related care, and a trend of reduced CVC rates. In contrast, flow surveillance did not yield a significant benefit. Stenosis surveillance provides important benefits that may justify application of such programs.
Shape of Ecological Networks (2001)

We study the statistics of ecosystems with a variable number of coevolving species. The species interact in two ways: by prey-predator relationships and by direct competition with similar kinds. The interaction coefficients change slowly through successful adaptations and speciations. They are treated as quenched random variables. These interactions determine long-term topological features of the species network, which are found to agree with those of biological systems.
A Novel DPYD Variant Associated With Severe Toxicity of Fluoropyrimidines: Role of Pre-emptive DPYD Genotype Screening (2018)

<b>Background:</b> The fluoropyrimidine anticancer drug, especially 5- fluorouracil (5-FU) and its prodrug capecitabine are still being the backbone of chemotherapeutic regimens for colorectal cancer. Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is the crucial enzyme in the catabolism of 5-FU. Over the past 30 years, there is substantial clinical evidence showing that DPD deficiency is strongly associated with severe and fatal fluoropyrimidine-induced toxicity. <b>Patients and methods:</b> A 49-year-old lady with resected stage III carcinoma of sigmoid colon was scheduled to have a course of 5-FU based adjuvant chemotherapy. She developed unexpected acute severe (grade 4) toxicity after the first cycle of chemotherapy. Genomic DNA was isolated from 3 ml peripheral blood cells for full sequencing of <b><i>DPYD</i></b> (the gene encoding DPD). <b>Results:</b> Exome sequencing confirmed that she is heterozygous for NM_000110.3: c.321+2T>C of the <b><i>DPYD</i></b> gene. To the best of our knowledge, this variant is a novel pathogenic splicing variant of the <b><i>DPYD</i></b> gene resulting in a non-functional allele. As she has a heterozygous genotype and considered having decreased DPD activity, we followed the international recommendation and restart chemotherapy with at least 50% reduction for 5-FU dose. We then titrated the 5-FU dose, and she tolerated the subsequent cycles of chemotherapy and completed the whole course of adjuvant chemotherapy. <b>Conclusions:</b> With a pre-emptive test on DPD deficiency before the administration of the fluoropyrimidine drugs, the aforementioned patient's life-threatening event could be avoided. This clinical utility has been confirmed by two recent large-scale studies and called for a drug label update.
Interferon-alpha (IFN-α)–conditioned DC Preferentially Stimulate Type-1 and Limit Treg-type In Vitro T-cell Responses From RCC Patients (2008)

Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent antigen presenting cells and represent attractive candidates for use in novel immunotherapies for patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC), a disease that has proven refractory to conventional treatment modalities, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Given the perceived need to augment antitumor type-1 immunity (TC1 and Th1) as a therapeutic end point, and the known functional plasticity of DC populations that may display heterogeneous capacity to promote T-cell responses, we sought to identify a preferred DC preparation with this capacity. We compared 2 different preparations of monocyte-derived DC using interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) (IFN-DC and alphaDC1) with classic DCs "matured" (mDCs) using interleukin-1beta/interleukin-6/tumor necrosis factor-alpha/prostaglandin E2, for their ability to promote autologous TC1 antitumor responses from RCC patients in vitro. IFN-alpha-conditioned DC promoted significantly higher numbers of RCC-specific CD8+ T cells exhibiting a cytotoxic phenotype after in vitro stimulation (IVS) than cytokine cocktail-mDCs. Furthermore, IVS using IFN-DCs was able to diminish regulatory-type T cells among CD4+ T-cell responder populations versus IVS using conventional mDC-based vaccines. These data emphasize an important role for IFN-alpha in modulating the immunologic functions of DCs toward a polarized DC1-type capable of coordinately promoting TH1-type and TC1-type T-cell mediated immunity and supports the translational development of patient-derived IFN-alpha-conditioned DC for use in novel immunotherapies for patients with RCC, and in whom, endogenous tumor-specific TC1 effector cells may be dysfunctional, anergic, or prone to undergo apoptosis.
ChemInform Abstract: The Effect of Addition of Chromate on the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction and on Iron Oxidation in Hydroxide and Chlorate Solutions (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.