gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ISAR imaging with pseudo-coherent marine radars (2017)

Non-coherent marine radar technology has matured over the past several decades. Researchers have developed coherent magnetron oscillator based marine radars by sampling the signals on transmit and receive [1]. We leverage this research to contribute to the science and technology of RF Tomography based upon exploitation of marine radar technology, and digital sampling / signal processing techniques. This requires many steps. First, selecting and modifying an affordable yet suitable marine radar. In this case, we employed a Furuno DRS25A. Second, by embedding an RF sampling circuit, we captured the various radar waveforms. Third, we digitized transmit and receive signals using a Signatec model PX1500 analog-to-digital converter (ADC). Next, we designed an experimental geometry to support image formation via RF Tomography. We applied Filtered Back Projection based upon the Projection-Slice Theorem, the Algebraic Reconstruction Technique, and classical Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar imaging algorithms in order to match filter data and image targets. We provide both simulation analysis and experimental results in this paper.
Knot theory realizations in nematic colloids (2015)

Nematic braids are reconfigurable knots and links formed by the disclination loops that entangle colloidal particles dispersed in a nematic liquid crystal. We focus on entangled nematic disclinations in thin twisted nematic layers stabilized by 2D arrays of colloidal particles that can be controlled with laser tweezers. We take the experimentally assembled structures and demonstrate the correspondence of the knot invariants, constructed graphs, and surfaces associated with the disclination loop to the physically observable features specific to the geometry at hand. The nematic nature of the medium adds additional topological parameters to the conventional results of knot theory, which couple with the knot topology and introduce order into the phase diagram of possible structures. The crystalline order allows the simplified construction of the Jones polynomial and medial graphs, and the steps in the construction algorithm are mirrored in the physics of liquid crystals.
New mouse models for lipoprotein metabolism and atherosclerosis (2002)

Transgenic mouse models have been crucial to our current understanding of the mechanisms of lipoprotein metabolism. Moreover, these models have greatly advanced our understanding of the pathology associated with altered lipoprotein levels. Recent progress has been made in cellular uptake, intracellular metabolism, cellular efflux mechanisms and transcriptional regulation. In particular, much progress has been made in our understanding of events that take place in the vessel wall. In addition, the transgenic mouse model is becoming a crucial tool in genomic studies to evaluate gene function, as well as a subject of genome-wide expression studies. The present review describes progress in all of these areas and shows that animal models are likely to remain important to our view of gene function in the context of the whole organism.
Toward human-like motion generation in the Cartesian domain with robotic manipulators (2021)

The characterization of human upper limb kine- matics is fundamental not only in neuroscience and clinical practice, but also for the planning of human-like robot motions in collaborative robots. One promising approach to endow anthropomorphic robotic manipulators with human motion characteristics is to directly embed human upper limb principal motion modes at joint level, which are computed through functional analysis, in the robot trajectory optimization. This planning method poses some challenges when the kinematics of the manipulator is different from the model used for human data acquisition. In a previous work, we proposed to tackle this issue by mapping human trajectories onto robotic systems relying on Cartesian impedance control. An alternative method to overcome these problems could rely on the exploitation of the main human functional modes extracted directly in the Cartesian domain. Toward this direction, in this work we present the results of the functional characterization of upper limb kinematics in the Cartesian domain, considering data from 33 healthy subjects during the execution of daily- living activities. We found statistical differences between the amount of variability explained by a given number of basis elements in different directions of the Cartesian space. This suggests that some directions of the space are associated with a more complex motion evolution with respect to others, opening interesting perspectives for robot planning, neuroscience and human motion control.
The oxidation of organocuprates—an offbeat strategy for synthesis (2005)

The creation of carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds by the oxidation of organocuprates is useful in a range of challenging contexts including the formation of biaryl bonds within medium rings, diene synthesis and the coupling of tertiary carbon centres. This tutorial review introduces these applications and recent developments which have served to improve its functional group tolerance and its utility in organic synthesis.
Postherpetic neuralgia and other neurologic complications (2000)

Herpes zoster is a common disorder. More than 300000 cases are estimated to occur annually in the United States. With the exception of immunocompromised individuals (particularly AIDS patients), zoster is a disease of the elderly. The incidence among people over age 50 is double that of people under 50 (Harnisch, 1984), which translates into an 8–10 fold increased frequency in people over age 60 compared with those under 60. As the aging population increases (currently 13% of Americans are older than 65), the incidence of zoster-associated morbidity and mortality is also expected to increase. Varicella in infancy may predispose to zoster earlier in life (Guess et al., 1985). The incidence of recurrent zoster is less than 5% (Hope-Simpson, 1965). Although varicella outbreaks occur most often in the spring, zoster may develop at any time of the year. The risk of zoster in vaccinated individuals compared with those who developed naturally occurring chickenpox will not be known for decades. Meanwhile, some investigators have predicted an increased incidence of zoster with widespread use of the live attenuated varicella vaccine (Garnett & Grenfell, 1992; Wharton, 1996).
Distinct molecular pathogeneses of early-onset breast cancers in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers: a population-based study. (1999)

Breast cancers arising in women with and without a germline mutation in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene display different histological features, which suggests unique mechanisms of molecular pathogenesis: We used a molecular pathological analysis to define the genetic abnormalities relevant to these specific pathogeneses. Tumor material was studied from 40 women with breast cancer diagnosed before 40 years of age, sampled from a population-based study and stratified by BRCA1 and BRCA2 germline mutation status. Cases were not selected for family history or ethnic origin, and none were known to be genetically related. Thus, germline mutation itself is likely to impact on the molecular pathogenesis of these tumors, with no substantial influence due to modifying genetic or environmental factors. Breast cancers occurring in BRCA1 mutation carriers had significantly higher levels of p53 expression, including the preinvasive (carcinoma in situ) stage of disease, compared with cancers occurring in BRCA2 mutation carriers or women with no detectable germline mutation. These cancers also had a higher proliferation rate as measured by Ki-67 antibody. Expression of the prognostic factors c-erbB-2, cyclin D1, and estrogen receptor was significantly less common in BRCA1 mutation carriers. Lower levels of cyclin D1 were also found in cancers from BRCA2 mutation carriers compared with non-mutation carriers. Direct p53 mutation analysis revealed mutations in 18% of all of the early-onset breast cancers within the study and included rare insertion and deletional mutations in cancers from BRCA1 mutation carriers. Our data indicate that a BRCA1 breast cancer phenotype may be recognized by an exceptionally high proliferation rate and early and frequent p53 overexpression but infrequent selection for overexpression of several other prognostic factor proteins known to be involved in breast oncogenesis. In contrast, breast cancers arising in BRCA2 mutation carriers have a more heterogeneous phenotypic profile.
Physical and chemical cross analyses of II‐VI semiconductor nanomaterials (2010)

Abstract CdS quantum dots (QDs) are synthesized by the single source precursor thermal method. Compared with previous reports, a temperature ramp allows faster elaboration of smaller nanocrystals (NCs) with efficient room temperature (RT) visible emission. A cross‐disciplinary study between chemical analyses and physical techniques provides consistent data for these small NCs. Joint mass spectrometry, transmission electron microscopy and optical spectrometry techniques give a consistent picture about purity and stability of precursors, average size and size dispersion of the NCs, as well as their optical spectral response in correlation with their size via quantum confinement effects. RT photoluminescence spectroscopy reveals the great potential of such QDs and their tunable response wavelength in the visible spectrum. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
In Vivo Analysis of the Anti-allergic Activities of Camellia japonica Extract and Okicamelliaside, a Degranulation Inhibitor (2008)

Based on the previous finding of okicamelliaside (OCS), a highly potent anti-degranulation ellagic acid glucoside, in the leaves of Camellia japonica (C. japonica), we evaluated an extract of these leaves and OCS itself for their potential to suppress allergic reactions in vivo. Two conventional animal allergy models were used. In the allergic conjunctivitis model, male S.D. rats were stimulated with anti-ovalbumin (OVA) serum and challenged with OVA/Evans blue mixture. Oral administration of extracts from C. japonica at 1000 mg/kg for 10 days significantly reduced the vascular permeability of conjunctivas. In the second model, male BALB/c mice were stimulated with a Japanese cedar pollen extract and challenged by nasal instillation of the antigen. The sneezing frequency during the 10 min immediately after the challenge tended to decrease by intraperitoneal administration of 0.2 mg/kg of OCS for 24 days. These results suggest that C. japonica extracts (CJE) and OCS prepared from them could be useful to alleviate the symptoms of an immediate-type allergy.
[Nonsurgical treatment of cystic lymphangioma]. (1986)

Capillary lymphangiomas present of birth, and which have very little tendency to regress, must be distinguished from true cystic lymphangiomas developing after birth which are probably due to lymph blockade and are not true congenital malformations. This probably explains why the latter lesions regress either spontaneously or more rapidly after treatment with products such as Ethibloc. In the latter case, the efficacy of Ethibloc therapy appears to be equal to that of surgery without the formation of a scar and should therefore be tried initially before surgery.
cPLA2α-evoked formation of arachidonic acid and lysophospholipids is required for exocytosis in mouse pancreatic β-cells (2003)

Using capacitance measurements, we investigated the effects of intracellularly applied recombinant human cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2alpha) and its lipolytic products arachidonic acid and lysophosphatidylcholine on Ca2+-dependent exocytosis in single mouse pancreatic beta-cells. cPLA2alpha dose dependently (EC50 = 86 nM) stimulated depolarization-evoked exocytosis by 450% without affecting the whole cell Ca2+ current or cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels. The stimulatory effect involved priming of secretory granules as reflected by an increase in the size of the readily releasable pool of granules from 70-80 to 280-300. cPLA2alpha-stimulated exocytosis was antagonized by the specific cPLA2 inhibitor AACOCF3. Ca2+-evoked exocytosis was reduced by 40% in cells treated with AACOCF3 or an antisense oligonucleotide against cPLA2alpha. The action of cPLA2alpha was mimicked by a combination of arachidonic acid and lysophosphatidylcholine (470% stimulation) in which each compound alone doubled the exocytotic response. Priming of insulin-containing secretory granules has been reported to involve Cl- uptake through ClC-3 Cl- channels. Accordingly, the stimulatory action of cPLA2alpha was inhibited by the Cl- channel inhibitor DIDS and in cells pretreated with ClC-3 Cl- channel antisense oligonucleotides. We propose that cPLA2alpha has an important role in controlling the rate of exocytosis in beta-cells. This effect of cPLA2alpha reflects an enhanced transgranular Cl- flux, leading to an increase in the number of granules available for release, and requires the combined actions of arachidonic acid and lysophosphatidylcholine.
Insights into the Formation and Structures of Molecular Gels by Diimidazolium Salt Gelators in Ionic Liquids or “Normal” Solvents (2016)

Insights are provided into the properties of molecular gels formed by diimidazolium salts both in "normal" solvents and ionic liquids. These materials can be interesting for applications in green and sustainable chemistry in which ionic liquids play a significant role, like catalysis and energy. In particular, two positional isomers of a diimidazolium cation have been examined with a wide range of anions for their ability to form gel phases. In particular, di-, tri-, and tetravalent anions bearing aliphatic or aromatic spacers were paired with the divalent cations. The properties of the organo- and ionogels formed have been analyzed by means of several different techniques, including calorimetry, rheology, resonance light scattering, UV/Vis absorption, polarizing optical microscopy, and powder X-ray diffraction measurements. The investigations performed enabled us to obtain a wide range of conductive materials characterized by a high thermal stability and a low corrosiveness of the gelator (organogels) or of both gelator and solvent (ionogels). The information gained should be useful in the broader quest to identify and promote their applications.
Identification of Potent and Selective Diphenylpropanamide RORγ Inhibitors (2012)

Retinoic acid-related orphan receptor RORγt plays a pivotal role in the differentiation of T<sub>H</sub>17 cells. Antagonizing RORγt transcriptional activity is a potential means to treat T<sub>H</sub>17-related autoimmune diseases. Herein, we describe the identification of a series of diphenylpropanamides as novel and selective RORγ antagonists. Diphenylpropanamide <b>4n</b> inhibited transcriptional activity of RORγt, but not RORα, in cells. In addition, it suppressed human T<sub>H</sub>17 cell differentiation at sub-micromolar concentrations.
Feedback control of pulsed laser deposition processes (1993)

Implementation of closed loop feedback on PLD (pulsed laser deposition) requires actuators and sensors. Improvements in quality and reproducibility of material depositions are achieved by actuating the process towards desired operating regions. Empirical relationships are experimentally determined for describing the complex dynamical interactions of laser parameters. Feedback control based on this description can then be implemented to reduce process disorder.
Enhanced Exciton Quantum Coherence in Single CsPbBr3 Perovskite Quantum Dots using Femtosecond Two-Photon Near-Field Scanning Optical Microscopy (2021)

Cesium-halide perovskite quantum dots (QDs) have gained tremendous interest as quantum emitters in quantum information processing applications due to their optical and photophysical properties. However, engineering excitonic states in quantum dots requires a deep knowledge of the coherent dynamics of their excitons at a single-particle level. Here, we use femtosecond time-resolved two-photon near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) to reveal coherences involving a single cesium lead bromide perovskite QD (CsPbBr<sub>3</sub>) at room temperature. We show that, compared to other nonperovskite nanoparticles, the electronic coherence on a single perovskite QD has a relatively long lifetime of ca. 150 fs, whereas CdSe QDs have exciton coherence times shorter than 75 fs at room temperature. One possible explanation for the longer coherence time observed for the CsPbBr<sub>3</sub> perovskite system is related to the exciton fine structure of these perovskite QDs compared to other nanoparticles. These perovskite QDs exhibit interesting optical properties that differ from those of the traditional QDs including bright triplet exciton states. In fact, due to the small amplitude of the energy gap fluctuations of dipole-allowed triplet states in perovskite QDs, the coherent superposition could be preserved for longer times. Furthermore, single-particle excitation approach implemented in this work allows us to remove effects of heterogeneity that are usually present in ensemble averaging experiments at room temperature. The realization of quantum-mechanical phase-coherence of a charge carrier that can operate at room temperature is an issue of great importance for the potential application of coherent electronic phenomena in electronic and optoelectronic devices. These interesting findings provide further evidence of the great potential of these perovskite QDs as candidates for quantum computing and information processing applications.
Prussian Blue Containing Nafion Composite Film as Rechargeable Battery (1987)

A solid‐state thin film rechargeable battery has been prepared using a novel efficient technique of "surface complexation method" by which a thin layer of Prussian blue (PB) can be overlaid on a solid polymer electrolyte of Nafion (Nf) as matrix. An electrochemical cell made of the composite PB‐Nf film sandwiched with supporting electrodes was examined on i‐V curves in solid state and for characteristics as a rechargeable battery. The resulting PB‐Nf battery showed good durability in repetitive cycles of charging and discharging and gave the following results: open‐circuit voltage of the unit cell per 160 μm 0.68V, short‐circuit current 0.2–2 mA/cm2 depending upon the water content of the Nf matrix, and an energy density of about 50 Wh/kg.
YAP1 is amplified and up-regulated in hedgehog-associated medulloblastomas and mediates Sonic hedgehog-driven neural precursor proliferation (2009)

Medulloblastoma is the most common solid malignancy of childhood, with treatment side effects reducing survivors' quality of life and lethality being associated with tumor recurrence. Activation of the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway is implicated in human medulloblastomas. Cerebellar granule neuron precursors (CGNPs) depend on signaling by the morphogen Shh for expansion during development, and have been suggested as a cell of origin for certain medulloblastomas. Mechanisms contributing to Shh pathway-mediated proliferation and transformation remain poorly understood. We investigated interactions between Shh signaling and the recently described tumor-suppressive Hippo pathway in the developing brain and medulloblastomas. We report up-regulation of the oncogenic transcriptional coactivator yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1), which is negatively regulated by the Hippo pathway, in human medulloblastomas with aberrant Shh signaling. Consistent with conserved mechanisms between brain tumorigenesis and development, Shh induces YAP1 expression in CGNPs. Shh also promotes YAP1 nuclear localization in CGNPs, and YAP1 can drive CGNP proliferation. Furthermore, YAP1 is found in cells of the perivascular niche, where proposed tumor-repopulating cells reside. Post-irradiation, YAP1 was found in newly growing tumor cells. These findings implicate YAP1 as a new Shh effector that may be targeted by medulloblastoma therapies aimed at eliminating medulloblastoma recurrence.
Predicting Severe Postoperative Respiratory Complications following Abdominal Wall Reconstruction (2012)

Respiratory complications following abdominal wall reconstruction can be serious and are associated with prolonged hospitalizations. Patients with an increase in their plateau pressure of greater than 6 cmH(2)O are at an increased risk of severe postoperative respiratory complications.
Overview of Decommissioning Option Assessment: A Case for Comparative Assessment (2018)

Abstract The decommissioning of offshore assets has increased in recent years as platforms are reaching the end of their operating life. This trend exists for decommissioning in regulatory environments that are well established, as well as those that are stewarding decommissioning for the first time. Where regulatorily permissible, multiple decommissioning options currently exist for offshore structures. These options can be broadly bucketed into removal to shore, reefing and alternative uses. A multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) is often used to compare the options to determine the best possible outcome. The goal of this work was to assess the different MCDAs in order to promote a single, global methodology. The first step was to list all existing MCDAs that have been used or promoted to be used for assessing decommissioning options globally. The MCDA models reviewed were: Comparative Assessment (CA), net environmental benefit analysis and best practical environmental option. After identification, each of the MCDA methods were analyzed to understand their process and their real-world applicability. The results of this review process revealed that the UK Oil &amp; Gas CA is a holistic, clearly defined process that is both rigid in scope and flexible in deployment manner. The CA includes five evaluation criteria: safety, environment, technical, societal and economic. These criteria are further categorized to sub-criteria that are relevant to the asset to be decommissioned, e.g., impacts to other users of the sea. The process is clearly defined and provides a transparent mechanism to engage stakeholders. Further, these criteria are well aligned with the International Maritime Organization's guidance and standards for the non-removal of offshore installations and structures. This work includes the review of a case study that employed CA in the Gulf of Mexico where the outcome was the successful support for the decommissioning option of horizontal reefing in place.
Support of HUVEC proliferation by pro-angiogenic intermediate CD163 + monocytes/macrophages: A co-culture experiment (2011)

So called intermediate (MO2) monocytes/macrophages possess anti-inflammatory properties and express the MO lineage marker CD163. On a hydrophilic, acrylamide-based hydrogel human intermediate (CD14++ CD16+) CD163++ monocytes/macrophages (aMO2) which were angiogenically stimulated, maintained a pro-angiogenic and non-inflammatory status for at least 14 days. Here we explored, whether this aMO2 subset can positively influence the proliferation of human umbilical venous endothelial cells (HUVECs) without switching back into a pro-inflammatory (MO1) phenotype. aMO2 or HUVEC were seeded alone on glass cover slips (0.5 × 10(5) cells / 1.33 cm(2)) in a HUVEC specific cell culture medium (EGM-2) for 3 hrs, 24 hrs and 72 hrs or under co-culture conditions (0.5 × 10(5) HUVEC + 0.25 × 10(5) aMO2 / 1.33 cm(2)) in EGM-2 for the same time window as well (n = 6 each). Under co-culture conditions the numbers of adherent HUVEC per unit area were significantly higher (p < 0.01; 525 ± 52 HUVEC/mm(2)) compared to control mono-cultures (473 ± 76 HUVEC/mm(2)) after 72 hrs of cultivation and showed their typically spread morphology. The aMO2 remained in their subset status and secreted VEGF-A165 without release of pro-inflammatory cytokines until the end of the 72 hrs cultivation time period, thereby supporting the HUVEC proliferation. These in vitro results might indicate that this MO subset can be used as cellular delivery system for pro-angiogenic and non-inflammatory mediators to support the endothelialisation of biomaterials like e.g. cPnBA.