gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Static Detection of Malicious Code in Executable Programs (2000)

In this paper, we propose a new approach for the static detection of malicious code in executable programs. Our approach rests on a semantic analysis based on behaviour that even makes possible the detection of unknown malicious code. This analysis is carried out directly on binary code. Static analysis offers techniques for predicting properties of the behaviour of programs without running them. The static analysis of a binary executable is achieved in three major steps: construction of an intermediate representation, flow-based analysis that captures security-oriented program behaviour, and static verification of critical behaviours against security policies (model checking). Categories and Subject Descriptors C.2.0 [Computer-Communication Networks]: General—Security and protection (e.g., firewalls); D.2.4 [Software Engineering]:
A digital microfluidic system with 3D microstructures for single-cell culture (2020)

Despite the precise controllability of droplet samples in digital microfluidic (DMF) systems, their capability in isolating single cells for long-time culture is still limited: typically, only a few cells can be captured on an electrode. Although fabricating small-sized hydrophilic micropatches on an electrode aids single-cell capture, the actuation voltage for droplet transportation has to be significantly raised, resulting in a shorter lifetime for the DMF chip and a larger risk of damaging the cells. In this work, a DMF system with 3D microstructures engineered on-chip is proposed to form semi-closed micro-wells for efficient single-cell isolation and long-time culture. Our optimum results showed that approximately 20% of the micro-wells over a 30 × 30 array were occupied by isolated single cells. In addition, low-evaporation-temperature oil and surfactant aided the system in achieving a low droplet actuation voltage of 36V, which was 4 times lower than the typical 150 V, minimizing the potential damage to the cells in the droplets and to the DMF chip. To exemplify the technological advances, drug sensitivity tests were run in our DMF system to investigate the cell response of breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) and breast normal cells (MCF-10A) to a widely used chemotherapeutic drug, Cisplatin (Cis). The results on-chip were consistent with those screened in conventional 96-well plates. This novel, simple and robust single-cell trapping method has great potential in biological research at the single cell level.
Pension Security in an Aging World (1994)

The published version of this Working Paper may be found in the 1996 publication: Securing Employer-Based Pensions: An International Perspective (https://pensionresearchcouncil.wharton.upenn.edu/publications/books/securing-employer-based-pensions-an-international-perspective/).
Cataract surgical problem: Reply (2003)

Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery: June 2003 - Volume 29 - Issue 6 - p 1059 doi: 10.1016/S0886-3350(03)00390-0
Tau368 in cerebrospinal fluid is associated with severity of tau pathology load in the Alzheimer’s continuum (2021)

Abstract Background Recent developments in the biomarker field allow Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathophysiology to be reflected at the preclinical stage. We recently presented an assay targeting tau fragments ending at residue 368, which exhibited a stage‐wise decrease in a ratio with total‐tau. The tau368/T‐tau ratio also correlated with tau positron emission tomography (PET) uptake, and was present in tau tangles. In this study, we aimed to validate these findings in a larger cohort including a larger subset spanning the AD continuum. Method We investigated 129 participants cross‐sectionally from the Translational Biomarkers of Aging and Dementia (TRIAD) cohort (22 young, 60 cognitively unimpaired (CU) elderly (14 Aβ+), 26 mild cognitive impairment (MCI; 10 Aβ+), 14 AD dementia and 7 frontotemporal dementia (FTD)). For all individuals, [ 18 F]AZD4694 and [ 18 F]MK‐6240 PET were used to index Aβ and tau load (Braak stages) respectively. T‐tau was quantified using ELISA (INNOTEST®) and Tau368 was quantified by an in house Single molecule array (Simoa) assay (Quanterix, Billerica, MA). Spearman rank tests assessed correlation between continuous variables. Linear models tested the effect of tau368/t‐tau ratio on PET summary measures and at the voxel level, always adjusting for age and sex. Result Compared to young controls, we observed a stage‐wise decrease of tau368/t‐tau, with the lowest ratio found in AD dementia (P&lt;0.01), followed by CU‐ (P&lt;0.001), CU+ (P&lt;0.01) and MCI‐ (P&lt;0.001). MCI+ had a lower ratio than CU‐ (P&lt;0.01). Furthermore, there was a strong negative correlation between tau368/t‐tau ratio and PET Braak stages in the whole population (I‐II; ρ =‐0.46, P&lt;0.001, III‐IV; ρ =‐0.44, P&lt;0.001, V‐VI; ρ =‐0.37, P&lt;0.001), in MCI+ (I‐II; ρ=‐0.79, P&lt;0.01, III‐IV; ρ=‐0.84, P&lt;0.01, V‐VI; ρ=‐0.83, P&lt;0.01) and in AD dementia (V‐VI; ρ =‐0.57, P&lt;0.05). Voxel‐wise analysis demonstrated strong correlation between tau368/t‐tau and tau PET ligand uptake in the medial and lateral temporal lobes in cognitively impaired individuals, while no significant association was found in CU. Conclusion We provide further evidence of a stage‐wise decrease in CSF tau368/t‐tau, which tracks cortical tau accumulation only in clinically manifest AD dementia and amyloid positive MCI. These results further support that CSF tau368/t‐tau captures severity of tau pathology within the AD continuum.
A Telephone and Mail Outreach Program Successfully Increases Uptake of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Surveillance (2020)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Society guidelines recommend surveillance with abdominal ultrasound with or without serum alpha-fetoprotein every 6 months for adults at increased risk of developing HCC. However, adherence is often suboptimal. We assessed the feasibility of a coordinated telephone outreach program for unscreened patients with cirrhosis within the Veteran's Affairs (VA) health care system. Using a patient care dashboard of advanced chronic liver disease in the VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, we identified veterans with a diagnosis of cirrhosis, a platelet count ≤ 150,000/uL, and no documented HCC surveillance in the previous 8 months. Eligible veterans received a telephone call from a patient navigator to describe the risks and benefits of HCC surveillance. Orders for an abdominal ultrasound and alpha-fetoprotein were placed for veterans who agreed to surveillance. Veterans who were not reached by telephone received an informational letter by mail to encourage participation. Of the 129 veterans who met the eligibility criteria, most were male (96.9%). The most common etiology for cirrhosis was hepatitis C (64.3%), and most of the patients had compensated cirrhosis (68.2%). The patient navigators reached 32.5% of patients by phone. Patients in each group were similar across clinical and demographic characteristics. Patients who were called were more likely to undergo surveillance (adjusted odds ratio = 2.56, 95% confidence interval: 1.03-6.33). Most of the patients (72.1%) completed abdominal imaging when reached by phone. <i>Conclusion:</i> Targeted outreach increased uptake of HCC surveillance among patients with cirrhosis in a large, integrated, VA health care system.
Chronic chest wall abscess caused by Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Dublin infection in an HIV-infected patient: A case report and literature review (2020)

Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Dublin (S. Dublin) is a cattle host-adapted serotype, and often causes bacteremia in human. Focal abscess caused by this pathogen is very rare, especially in those who are immunocompromised. Here, we report for the first time a case of chronic chest wall abscess caused by S. Dublin in a 51-year-old HIV-infected woman who was admitted to hospital due to chest pain which had persisted for nine months. The patient had very low CD4 count and a very high virus load. However, S. Dublin had not invaded her blood. After surgical drainage and antimicrobial treatment, the patient was discharged and did not complain chest pain at her 12-month follow up. This case suggests that S. Dublin infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis in HIV-infected patients with chronic subcutaneous abscess.
Meniscal Root Tears (2014)

Meniscal root tears, less common than meniscal body tears and frequently unrecognized, are a subset of meniscal injuries that often result in significant knee joint disorders. The meniscus root attachment aids meniscal function by securing the meniscus in place and allowing for optimal shock-absorbing function in the knee. With root tears, meniscal extrusion often occurs, and the transmission of circumferential hoop stresses is impaired. This alters knee biomechanics and kinematics and significantly increases tibiofemoral contact pressure. In recent years, meniscal root tears, which by definition include direct avulsions off the tibial plateau or radial tears adjacent to the root itself, have attracted attention because of concerns that significant meniscal extrusion dramatically inhibits normal meniscal function, leading to a condition biomechanically similar to a total meniscectomy. Recent literature has highlighted the importance of early diagnosis and treatment; fortunately, these processes have been vastly improved by advances in magnetic resonance imaging and arthroscopy. This article presents a review of the clinically relevant anatomic, biomechanical, and functional descriptions of the meniscus root attachments, as well as current strategies for accurate diagnosis and treatment of common injuries to these meniscus root attachments.
ChemInform Abstract: THE PREPARATIVE USE OF THIAZOLIUM SALT‐CATALYZED ACYLOIN AND BENZOIN FORMATION, I. PREPARATION OF SIMPLE ACYLOINS AND BENZOINS (1977)

Abstract Aliphatische und aromatische Aldehyde (I) bilden unter dem katalytischen Einfluß von Thiazoliumsalzen (II) und Triäthylamin in guten Ausbeuten Acyloine (III).
Suppression of spin pumping between Ni80Fe20 and Cu by a graphene interlayer (2015)

We compare ferromagnetic resonance measurements of Permalloy Ni80Fe20 (Py) films sputtered onto Cu(111) films with and without a graphene (Gr) interlayer grown by chemical vapor deposition before Py deposition. A two-angle sputtering method ensured that neither Gr nor Py was degraded by the sample preparation process. We find the expected damping enhancement from spin pumping for the Py/Cu case and no detectable enhancement for the Py/Gr/Cu case. Since damping is sensitive to effects other than spin pumping, we used magnetometry to verify that differences in Py magnetostatic properties are not responsible for the difference in damping. We attribute the suppression of spin pumping in Py/Gr/Cu to the large contact resistance of the Gr/Cu interface.
ChemInform Abstract: Combinatorial Chemistry Using Polymer‐Supported Reagents (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Characterization and Performance of Calcium Phosphate Coatings for Implants (1994)

Description A useful look at the preparation, characterization, and application of calcium phosphate coatings for implants. 18 peer-reviewed papers cover analysis, characterization, quality control, testing basic research and in-vivo and clinical evaluation.
ChemInform Abstract: Neoascorbigen and Its Analogues: Synthesis and Study. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Immunoprecipitation Strategies to Isolate RIPK1/RIPK3 Complexes in Mouse Macrophages (2021)

A large protein complex, containing RIPK1, RIPK3, and caspase-8 and known as Complex II, has emerged as one of the key mediators of cell death downstream from a range of innate immune triggers. This regulatory mechanism plays a prominent role in macrophages, where Complex II has been linked to apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis as well as the enhancement of inflammatory gene expression. Although core components of this complex are fairly well understood, more subtle proteomic changes that determine the direction of a response once the complex is assembled remain much less clear. In addition, Complex II components undergo a wealth of post-translational changes that modify the functions of the complex components. This necessitates development of robust and efficient methods of isolating Complex II for further interrogation of its composition and the post-translational modifications of its components. This article describes several methods that we have developed for Complex II isolation, which can be used to obtain complementary information about this signaling mechanism. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Isolation of Complex II in necroptotic and pyroptotic macrophages using FADD immunoprecipitation Basic Protocol 2: Isolation of the complexes formed by the conditionally expressed 3XFLAG-RIPK1 protein Alternate Protocol: Alternative methods of immunoprecipitation of RIPK1 and other Complex-II-related factors Support Protocol: Generation of stable macrophage cell lines using lentiviral expression Basic Protocol 3: Use of proximity labeling to identify necrosome components in the detergent-insoluble fraction of the cell lysates.
Fair scheduling with bottleneck consideration in wireless ad-hoc networks (2002)

Most research work in the area of wireless ad-hoc networks attempts to balance the trade-off between fairness and channel utilization. In this paper, we first propose a topology-independent methodology to predict maximum achievable channel utilization under fairness constraint by two performance bounds. Based on the notion of bottlenecks introduced in prediction, we design a centralized and improved fair scheduling algorithm for wireless ad-hoc networks. We capture traffic load characteristics by using a proposed parameter that represents the "contending power" of nodes in the weighted flow contention graph. Finally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm through both provable analysis and simulations, and discuss natural derivations of a fully distributed algorithm using our bottleneck-based analytic model.
Diurnal proteomics and biomarker discovery in indolent versus aggressive chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients: A proof of principle pilot study. (2014)

e22220 Background: In rodents, 10-20% of the genome has a 24-hour (h) rhythm in RNA expression. In a microarray study on RNA extracted from CLL cells sampled every 4 hours over 24 hours (6 samples) from 3 male and 6 female CLL patients (pts), we found gender differences in rhythmic RNA expression. We hypothesized that this might have clinical implication for biomarker discovery with some important biomarkers only found at certain times of day and with gender differences. Methods: Sampling for CLL cells and plasma was performed again at 6 time points in male (M) and female (F) CLL patients with indolent (10 pts, 5 M, 5 F) and aggressive CLL (10 pts, 5 M, 5 F). Each 8-plex iTRAQ block for mass spectrometry (MS) based relative quantification comprised all time points for a single patient and a universal control.More than 300 proteins were identified at a 95% confidence level in each iTRAQ experiment, with 74 showing differences in expression between aggressive and indolent pts and 44 proteins showing a significant 24-h rhythm. These putative targets, combined with a set of proteins identified from the literature, were used to generate targets for pilot confirmatory MRM studies in plasma samples drawn at the same time as the CLL cell samples. For each peptide target, mixed model analyses with repeated measures were employed, with the normalized peak area being modeled as a quadratic function of time of collection, and separate quadratic functions in time for males and for females with aggressive CLL, and for males and for females with indolent CLL. Results: A subset of iTRAQ- and literature-derived proteins were shown to differentiate indolent vs. high grade CLL in a manner dependent on both gender and time of sampling. Some proteins would only work as biomarkers in males but not females and vice versa. The timing of sampling significantly impacted on the ability of some proteins to differentiate indolent vs. aggressive CLL pts. Conclusions: Gender differences in rhythmic protein expression may have clinical implications for novel biomarker discovery.
Amino-acids and peptides. Part 46. Synthesis of bradykinin analogues modified in the vicinity of the carboxy-group (1982)

In order to investigate further the effect on biological activity of structural changes in the vicinity of the terminal carboxy-group, the following analogues of bradykinin have been synthesised by the picolyl ester method: bradykinyl-L-isoleucine (2), -L-alanine (3), and -β-alanine (4); [9-L-argininol]-bradykinin (5), [9-O-acetyl-L-argininol]-bradykinin (7), [9-β-homoarginine]-bradykinin (6), and bradykinin heptyl ester (8). The biological activities of these analogues on the isolated guinea-pig ileum and rat uterus are reported; the results confirm the marked reduction in activity caused by structural changes in this area.
OPTIMISATION OF THE PREPARATION OF RANEY COPPER-ZINC CATALYSTS FOR METHANOL SYNTHESIS (1984)

The large number of variables involved in the preparation of Raney copper-zinc catalysts for methanol synthesis were screened by statistical methods using a Plackett-Burman screening design. Three important variables, leach reaction temperature, leach digestion temperature and leach digestion time were further investigated using a central composite design. It was found that active Raney copper-zinc catalysts were produced using high (348-358 K) extraction temperature, low (298-318 K.) digestion temperature and long (70-80 min) digestion time
Time-resolved optical microscopy of a laser-based forward transfer process (2001)

Matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation direct write was investigated by ultrahigh speed optical microscopy. A composite barium–zirconium titanate/α-terpineol layer was irradiated by 355 nm laser pulses with a 150 ns pulse width, and it was observed that material removal does not begin until after the end of the pulse (t&amp;gt;200 ns) and continues for 1 μs after the irradiation. The desorption plume consists of micron-size particles moving with a velocity of ∼0.2 km/s. The slow response is attributed to the combination of particle absorbers and highly viscous fluid. The ability to form continuous, pinhole-free coatings is due to slow coalescence of the particles.
New approach to low temperature deposition of high-quality thin films by electron cyclotron resonance microwave plasmas (1992)

An electron cyclotron resonance microwave plasma processing system consisting of a plasma chamber and a processing chamber as well as a new apparatus called the ‘‘species selector and energy controller (SSEC)’’ are described in detail. Silicon dioxide (SiO2) films fabricated using this system without and with the SSEC are used for various experiments to demonstrate that the SSEC can effectively suppress the damaging effects resulting from the bombardment on the substrates and the on-growing films by energetic particles and photons produced in the plasma during film deposition, as well as effectively reduce the upstream diffusion of the reactant gas from the processing chamber to the plasma chamber, thus suppressing the formation of microdust particles due to the heterogeneous gas phase reaction. The film growth for the films fabricated without the SSEC is due mainly to mass-limited reaction and that with the SSEC is due to surface rate-limited reaction. The electronic properties of the SiO2 films fabricated with the SSEC at temperatures higher than 250 °C approach those of high-quality thermally grown silicon oxides. The effects of the SSEC on the film properties and the film growth mechanism are also discussed.
An Electronic-Nose Sensor Node Based on a Polymer-Coated Surface Acoustic Wave Array for Wireless Sensor Network Applications (2011)

This study developed an electronic-nose sensor node based on a polymer-coated surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensor array. The sensor node comprised an SAW sensor array, a frequency readout circuit, and an Octopus II wireless module. The sensor array was fabricated on a large K(2) 128° YX LiNbO3 sensing substrate. On the surface of this substrate, an interdigital transducer (IDT) was produced with a Cr/Au film as its metallic structure. A mixed-mode frequency readout application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) was fabricated using a TSMC 0.18 μm process. The ASIC output was connected to a wireless module to transmit sensor data to a base station for data storage and analysis. This sensor node is applicable for wireless sensor network (WSN) applications.
Multi-Modal Tumor Segmentation With Deformable Aggregation and Uncertain Region Inpainting (2023)

Multi-modal tumor segmentation exploits complementary information from different modalities to help recognize tumor regions. Known multi-modal segmentation methods mainly have deficiencies in two aspects: First, the adopted multi-modal fusion strategies are built upon well-aligned input images, which are vulnerable to spatial misalignment between modalities (caused by respiratory motions, different scanning parameters, registration errors, etc). Second, the performance of known methods remains subject to the uncertainty of segmentation, which is particularly acute in tumor boundary regions. To tackle these issues, in this paper, we propose a novel multi-modal tumor segmentation method with deformable feature fusion and uncertain region refinement. Concretely, we introduce a deformable aggregation module, which integrates feature alignment and feature aggregation in an ensemble, to reduce inter-modality misalignment and make full use of cross-modal information. Moreover, we devise an uncertain region inpainting module to refine uncertain pixels using neighboring discriminative features. Experiments on two clinical multi-modal tumor datasets demonstrate that our method achieves promising tumor segmentation results and outperforms state-of-the-art methods.
Spectral sky models for advanced daylight simulations (2021)

Lighting accounts for approximately 15 % of the global electric energy consumption and 5 % of greenhouse gas emissions. Growing economies, higher user demands for quality lighting and rebound effects as a result of low priced and more versatile electric lighting continuously still lead to an absolute increase of lighting energy consumption. More light is used, often less consciously.