gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surfactant precipitation in aqueous solutions containing mixtures of anionic and nonionic surfactants (1986)

Abstract The salinity tolerance (precipitation phase boundary) is measured for a mixed anionic/nonionic surfactant system above the CMC. For any total surfactant concentration, the salinity tolerance is shown to increase as the percentage of nonionic surfactant in the system is increased. A model is developed which can predict the phase boundaries for the mixed surfactant system from the pure anionic surfactant phase boundary and information about mixed micelle formation. In the model, precipitation is viewed as a solubility product relationship between the anionic surfactant monomer and the total unassociated counterion. The reason that salinity tolerance (or counterion concentration necessary to cause precipitation) increases with addition of nonionic surfactant is that mixed micelle formation reduces the anionic surfactant monomer concentration. For the experimental studies, sodium dodecyl sulfate is the anionic surfactant, a polyethoxylated nonylphenol is the nonionic surfactant, and sodium chloride is the added salt.
von Willebrand factor cleaving protease and ADAMTS13mutations in childhood TTP (2003)

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is caused by the persistence of the highly reactive high-molecular-weight multimers of von Willebrand factor (VWF) due to deficiency of the specific VWF-cleaving protease (VWF-CP) ADAMTS13, resulting in microangiopathic disease. The acquired form is caused by autoantibodies against VWF-CP, whereas homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations of ADAMTS13 are responsible for recessively inherited TTP. We investigated 83 children with hemolytic or thrombocytopenic episodes with or without additional neurologic symptoms or renal failure. The presumed diagnosis was chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP; n = 50), TTP (n = 8), hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS; n = 24), and Evans syndrome (n = 1). A severe deficiency of VWF-CP (< or = 5%) was found in all investigated patients with TTP and in none of those with HUS. Additionally, 2 of 50 patients with a prior diagnosis of ITP were deficient for VWF-CP. Antibodies against VWF-CP were found in 4 children. Mutation analysis of the ADAMTS13 gene in the patients deficient in VWF-CP by direct sequencing of all 29 exons identified 8 different mutations, suggesting the hereditary form of TTP in 1 patient with ITP, in the patient with Evans syndrome, and in 5 of the 8 patients with TTP. The phenotype of TTP in childhood can be rather variable. Besides the classical clinical picture, oligosymptomatic forms may occur that can delay the identification of patients at risk.
Thyroid Hormones Correlate with Basal Metabolic Rate but Not Field Metabolic Rate in a Wild Bird Species (2013)

Thyroid hormones (TH) are known to stimulate in vitro oxygen consumption of tissues in mammals and birds. Hence, in many laboratory studies a positive relationship between TH concentrations and basal metabolic rate (BMR) has been demonstrated whereas evidence from species in the wild is scarce. Even though basal and field metabolic rates (FMR) are often thought to be intrinsically linked it is still unknown whether a relationship between TH and FMR exists. Here we determine the relationship between the primary thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3) with both BMR and FMR in a wild bird species, the black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla). As predicted we found a strong and positive relationship between plasma concentrations of T3 and both BMR and mass-independent BMR with coefficients of determination ranging from 0.36 to 0.60. In contrast there was no association of T3 levels with either whole-body or mass-independent FMR (R(2) =0.06 and 0.02, respectively). In accordance with in vitro studies our data suggests that TH play an important role in modulating BMR and may serve as a proxy for basal metabolism in wild birds. However, the lack of a relationship between TH and FMR indicates that levels of physical activity in kittiwakes are largely independent of TH concentrations and support recent studies that cast doubt on a direct linkage between BMR and FMR.
Solid armature performance with resistive rails (railguns) (1993)

The velocity skin effect and limits which it sets to projectile velocities in solid armature railguns have been considered previously. However, the most effective type of rail design has not been analyzed in a consistent and systematic manner. The author performs such an analysis and substantiates the advantage of the use of highly resistive layers on the contact surfaces of rails. Such layers virtually neutralize the velocity skin effect and its detrimental consequences. The thermal and electrodynamical problems are solved for several combinations of rails and armatures to compare this method with other possibilities. The results show that using rails with highly resistive layers in combination with solid conductive armatures permits reaching velocities far in excess of 10 km/s in the conventional electromechanical regime of acceleration, without overheating armatures and rails. Recommendations are presented for the choice of parameters of such layers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Environmental Evaluation of LTCC Flip-Chip and Surface Mount Technology for Satellite Applications (2008)

An environmental qualification of a hybrid technology for satellite applications is presented. It is based on low temperature cofired ceramics modules attached in a surface mount technology to a mother board on an aluminum base plate. For the module assembly flip-chip mounting using ultrasonic and thermocompression bonding is considered. As a validation the circuits are exposed to numerous mechanical and thermal testing procedures. In two qualification steps the different manufacturing methods are evaluated and discussed.
Presidential Address: India Beyond the Ganges—Desultory Reflections on the Origins of Civilization in Southeast Asia (1982)

From the time when Southeast Asia first rose above their horizon, Europeans—the infinitesimal number of them who cared about such matters, that is—tended to treat that vague and insubstantial region beneath the sunrise as simply a more distant part of India. This practice went back at least to Claudius Ptolemy or, possibly, one of his redactors, who subsumed a good part of the region under the rubric “Trans-Gangetic India.” Subsequently the whole area came to be identified with one of the “Three Indies,” though whether India Major or Minor, Greater or Lesser, Superior or Inferior, seems, often to have been a personal preference of the author concerned. When Europeans began to penetrate into Southeast Asia in earnest, they continued this tradition, attaching to various of the constituent territories such labels as Further India or Hinterindien, the East Indies, the Indian Archipelago, Insulinde, and, in acknowledgment of the presence of a competing culture, Indochina. As recently as 1884, a German ethnographer saw nothing incongruous in designating the archipelago as “the Indian Islands,” a term that with the cultural predilection of his age, he Hellenized as Indonesia. Although the powerful and pervasive influence of the “most divine and wise Ptolemy” furnished impeccable authority for this nomenclature in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, there is no doubt that the practice also signified the recognition of South Asian cultural forms and institutions in the lands beyond the Bay of Bengal. Despite these forms differing subtly—and sometimes not so subtly—from those in India proper, they were so conspicuous that it was readily inferred, given the intellectual predisposition of the day, that they were the result of Indian colonization, if not conquest, in ancient times.
Intrarater and Interrater Reliability of Assessment of Lumbar Multifidus Muscle Thickness Using Rehabilitative Ultrasound Imaging (2007)

A novice and an experienced assessor were both able to reliably perform this measure at rest for 2 vertebral levels using real-time ultrasound imaging. An average of 3 trials produced higher interrater reliability scores, though using a single trial per rater was also reliable.
[Determination of total flavonoids and dihydromyricetin in Ampelopsis grossedentala (Hand-Mazz) W. T. Wang]. (2000)

The method is rapid, simple, accurate and good for the determination of total flavonoids and dihydromyricetin in A. grossedentala.
Crystal structure of tetra(calcium/strontium) cyanamide dinitride, Ca4-x[Srx:[CN2]N2 (x = 0.80) (2000)

, a = 11.677(1) , b = 3.6470(4) ,c= 13.911(1) , V = 592.4 3 ,Z = 4, Rgf(F) = 0.029, wR Icf (F 2 ) = 0.057, =293 .
Metabolic syndrome prevalence in a multicultural population in Auckland, New Zealand. (2007)

The prevalences of metabolic syndrome were significantly higher in Pacific people and Maori compared to Others and measures of obesity accounted for most of the ethnic differences.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Oncogenic MUC1-C Promotes Tamoxifen Resistance in Human Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 601K, MCF-7/vector and MCF-7/MUC1-C cells were left untreated or treated with 5 μM tamoxifen for 2 days. Lysates were immunoblotted with the indicated antibodies.&lt;/p&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: Application of Molybdenum(VI) Dichloride Dioxide (MoO2Cl2) in Organic Transformations (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Long-wavelength dielectric properties and infrared active optical phonon modes of molecular beam epitaxy ScxAl1−xN determined by infrared spectroscopic ellipsometry (2020)

Tuning the optical, electronic, and long-wavelength properties of group-III nitride alloys can be achieved by alloying AlN with ScN. We report here on the infrared dielectric functions determined from spectroscopic ellipsometry of (0001) wurtzite ScxAl1−xN with compositions of 0≤x≤0.20 grown by molecular beam epitaxy on c-plane sapphire substrates. We also report the optical phonons and their parameters determined in our analysis and compare with those in the previous literature. We find that all phonons shift to a lower wavenumber as a function of scandium incorporation, and we also see evidence of a decrease in crystal quality. Further, we report the high frequency and static dielectric constants and the Born effective charge as well as their evolution with the scandium content.
Prognostic value of molecular markers, sub‐stage and European Organisation for the Research and Treatment of Cancer risk scores in primary T1 bladder cancer (2012)

CIS, female gender and sub-stage (T1m/T1e) were the most important variables for progression. The additional value of molecular markers was modest. Sub-stage (T1m/T1e) could potentially be incorporated in future tumour-node-metastasis classifications.
GROUNDING, BONDING, AND SHIELDING PRACTICES AND PROCEDURES FOR ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENTS AND FACILITIES. VOLUME III. ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS AND PROGRAM MANAGEMENT (1975)

The three volume series sets forth a set of grounding, bonding, and shielding principles and practices for electronic equipments and facilities. Volume III considers the interrelationship between grounding, bonding, and shielding and other elements of the facility or equipment development cycle.
Extraordinary transmission through a silver film perforated with bowtie-shaped aperture array in midinfrared region (2011)

The transmission spectra of bowtie aperture consisting of opposing triangular holes arranged in rectangular array on silver/silicon structure were investigated. It is found that the second order surface plasmon polaritons mode is much stronger than the fundamental one. In addition, by increasing the separation and angles of the tips or silver film thickness, the second order modes decrease gradually. These phenomena suggest magnetic field coupling between metal tips which results in higher order mode enhancement.
The Effect of Cage Shape on Nanoparticle-Based Drug Carriers: Anticancer Drug Release and Efficacy via Receptor Blockade Using Dextran-Coated Iron Oxide Nanocages (2016)

Although a range of nanoparticles have been developed as drug delivery systems in cancer therapeutics, this approach faces several important challenges concerning nanocarrier circulation, clearance, and penetration. The impact of reducing nanoparticle size on penetration through leaky blood vessels around tumor microenvironments via enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect has been extensively examined. Recent research has also investigated the effect of nanoparticle shape on circulation and target binding affinity. However, how nanoparticle shape affects drug release and therapeutic efficacy has not been previously explored. Here, we compared the drug release and efficacy of iron oxide nanoparticles possessing either a cage shape (IO-NCage) or a solid spherical shape (IO-NSP). Riluzole cytotoxicity against metastatic cancer cells was enhanced 3-fold with IO-NCage. The shape of nanoparticles (or nanocages) affected the drug release point and cellular internalization, which in turn influenced drug efficacy. Our study provides evidence that the shape of iron oxide nanoparticles has a significant impact on drug release and efficacy.
Ion composition of expanding microdischarges in dielectric barrier discharges (1998)

The properties of the filamentary microdischarges found in dielectric barrier discharges depend on the manner of charging of the dielectric. The charging of the dielectric removes voltage from the gap thereby reducing E/N and producing a transition from an avalanching discharge to a recombination or attachment dominated discharge. In this article, we report on a computational investigation of these processes using a one-dimensional plasma chemistry model. We find that the expansion and ultimate stalling of the microdischarge is largely determined by charging of the dielectric at larger radii than the core of the microdischarge. The lowering of E/N in the core of the microdischarge in attaching gases can quickly consume electrons. This transition produces a discharge consisting of an expanding shell having a high electron density and an inner core dominated by negative ions. In extreme cases where the gas mixture contains thermal electron attaching gases, the core of the microdischarge is essentially a negative ion-positive ion plasma. Using square wave voltage pulses, the residual charge on the dielectric after the microdischarge, which contributes to the gap voltage on the next voltage pulse, is largely determined by the attachment rate in the core of the microdischarge. Rapid attachment reduces the plasma conductivity and leaves residual charge on the dielectric.
Usutu Virus in Migratory Song Thrushes, Spain (2013)

Our data imply that introduction of USUV (and potentially other flaviviruses such as West Nile virus lineage 2, which has not yet been detected in Spain) from Northern Europe, in addition to local endemicity and introduction from Africa, occurs, and that the zoonotic European USUV strain may be co-circulating with strains of African origin. At this time, it is not clear whether USUV strains of Spanish/African lineage differ in virulence for humans from strains from the European/African lineage. However, virus introduction by northern migrants, in combination with locally favorable conditions for vector populations, implies a risk for virus amplification and transmission and disease outbreaks in humans and horses outside the currently established mosquito-trapping period (May-October) of targeted flavivirus surveillance programs.
REPRODUCTIVE INCOMPATIBILITY BETWEEN TWO SUBSPECIES OF COLEOMEGILLA MACULATA (COLEOPTERA: COCCINELLIDAE) (2002)

There is interest in introducing the midwestern subspecies of Coleomegilla maculata (DeGeer), C. m. lengi Timberlake, as a biological control agent for augmentation programs in Florida. The Division of Plant Industry (DPI) of the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services has prohibited the release of C. m. lengi for fear that it could interbreed with the native Florida subspecies C. m. fuscilabris (Mulsant), causing genetic contamination or suppression of the C. m. fuscilabris populations. Two populations of these subspecies, fuscilabris from the southeastern USA and lengi from the midwestern USA, were crossed. Reciprocal single pair crosses were performed under controlled laboratory conditions (temperature, relative humidity and daylength) on two dates. Results demonstrated a nearly complete reproductive incompatibility between these two populations in the first generation (F1) and complete reproductive incompatibility in the second (F2). Further analysis is required to establish the cause of the reproductive incompatibility.
Human-subject tracking and localization for a hand hygiene monitoring system (2014)

Hand hygiene plays an important role in both healthcare institutions and food processing industries. This paper describes a tracking and localization method for hand hygiene activity monitoring. The localization algorithm was developed to identify different subjects with mobile tags within a predefined area near the hand-washing sink A demo system was constructed that was comprised of a system server, one sink node, two anchor nodes and two mobile nodes. Preliminary tests were conducted. The collected data showed that the wearable mobile tag could be identified within a detectable area of 1.2m×0.7m in front of the hand-washing sink.
Abstract WP131: Effects Of EDAS Surgery On The Circulating Angiogenic Factors Of Patients With Moyamoya And Intracranial Atherosclerosis. (2016)

Objective: To evaluate the levels of circulating angiogenic factors in patients with moyamoya disease (MMD), intracranial atherosclerosis (ICAS), and controls, and the effects of EDAS in their levels. Methods: Prospective longitudinal study of angiogenic factors in 22 patients with MMD, ICAS, and controls. Patients with MMD and ICAS underwent EDAS surgery. Control cases had cranial surgery for non-vascular or tumor pathology. Angiogenic factors were measured at baseline and 7 days after surgery. Log-corrected levels were compared between groups. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to examine differences within pairs and between groups. Regression mixed models were built to account for intrasubject correlation and evaluate the association of angiogenic levels with group and treatment. Results: Mean age was 41 ± 11 in MMD, 65 ± 16 in ICAS, and 51 ± 19 in controls. There were 83% females in the MMD group, 44% in ICAS, and 43% in controls. Patients with MMD had significantly higher levels of PDGFAA (568.8 pg/ml), vs ICAS (165.9pg/mL), and controls (38.4 pg/mL) p=0.007; PDGFBB (1449.7 pg/mL), vs. ICAS (141.2 pg/mL), and controls (65.2 pg/mL) p=0.03; TGFB1 (24.5 ng/mL), vs. ICAS (13.8 ng/mL), and controls (6.2 ng/mL) p=0.006; TSP1 (128.5 ng/mL), vs. ICAS (91.7 ng/mL), and controls (9 ng/mL) p=0.0007. After surgery (EDAS for MMD and ICAS vs. cranial surgery for controls) levels of PDGFAA, PDGFBB, and TGFB1 increased on the ICAS and control groups eliminating the baseline differences. EDAS, independently from etiology, affected the levels of pro-angiogenic TGFB2 (EDAS: 290 pg/mL, controls: 161 pg/mL), and BMP2 (EDAS: 153 pg/mL, controls: 109 pg/mL) p&lt;0.02. EDAS also increased the levels of the anti-angiogenic TSP2 (EDAS: 54.5 ng/mL, controls: 29 ng/mL) p=0.02. Conclusion: Patients with MMD have baseline higher levels of pro-angiogenic factors PDGFAA, PDGFBB, and TGFB1, involved in vessel maturation. EDAS, independent from etiology, affected the levels of TGFB2, BMP2 and TSP2, cytokines involved in vessel maturation, increased vascular permeability, and modulation of cell migration, respectively.
Polymorphic regions in plant genomes detected by an M13 probe (1989)

A sequence containing two clusters of 15 base pair repeats from the protein III gene in the bacteriophage M13 has been shown to detect hypervariable minisatellites in many animal species. We have shown that this M13 fragment will detect similar sequences in higher plants including monocots, dicots, and gymnosperms. In addition, polymorphisms were demonstrated in three dicot species. The amount of this sequence has no relationship with the size of the genome, chromosome number, or amount of repetitive DNA in the species tested.Key words: bacteriophage M13, monocot, dicot, gymnosperm, restriction fragment length polymorphism.
The Inflammatory Reflex and the Role of Complementary and Alternative Medical Therapies (2009)

The body's first defense against invading pathogens or tissue injury is the innate immune system. Since excessive immune responses can be damaging, anti-inflammatory mechanisms function to control the pro-inflammatory response and prevent injury. The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway is a neural mechanism that suppresses the innate inflammatory response. Knowledge concerning innervation of the immune system offers a unique opportunity to explore previously unrecognized techniques to treat disease. It also enables consideration of the neurological basis of complementary and alternative medical therapies, such as meditation and acupuncture. This evolving area of research has implications for the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory conditions including inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, type 2 diabetes, and other conditions of excessive cytokine release.
An alternative approach to technology policy assessment: dynamic simulation analysis of Taiwan's IC industry (2006)

To investigate the progress of the IC industry and its determinants, the present research adopts a multidisciplinary approach, by combining questionnaire/in-depth interviews with System Dynamics simulation based on ten-year (1990–1999) primary and secondary material. In comparing the respective results, one objective is to increase our insight into the dynamics of National Innovation Systems (NIS) by means of computer modelling; another objective is to create scenarios to verify the behaviour of the institutions under investigation by simulation, and to assess possible outcomes in those varying scenarios. This research therefore centres on developing a mathematical model of Taiwan's NIS, particularly with regard to its IC industry. The paper concludes with some simulations of policy alternatives confronting the industry and the Taiwanese government.
Evaluation of a UWB radar interface for low power radar sensors (2015)

This paper evaluates a novel energy efficient method of converting the time of flight of UWB radar pulses from time domain to digital domain with picosecond resolution using multiple time-voltage converters and a low power analog-digital converter. The system features single shot - multi target capability and uses only a fraction of the energy consumption of traditional highspeed ADC or counter - based solutions with much higher resolution. The method addresses a key challenge of todays UWB radar systems. The power required to convert ultra short signals from time domain to digital domain often renders UWB radars unattractive for battery powered systems like remote sensor networks. With the proposed system it is possible to overcome this limitation. Energy requirements of 0.14 nJ per range scan with a standard CMOS process are demonstrated. The results of this work are compared to state of the art solutions.