gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and characterization of (Cd,Zn)S buffer layer for Cu2ZnSnSe4solar cells (2017)

In order to improve the electrical performances of Cu2ZnSnSe4 (CZTSe) based solar cells, the standard CdS buffer layer was replaced by (Cd,Zn)S processed by chemical bath deposition. The morphology and composition of the (Cd,Zn)S thin films were studied as a function of [Zn]/([Zn] + [Cd]) ratio in the chemical bath (80, 85 and 90%). The CZTSe/(Cd,Zn)S solar cells with and without Cd partial electrolyte (Cd PE) treatment were compared to CZTSe/CdS reference devices using current–voltage and external quantum efficiency measurements. The (Cd,Zn)S thin films show a non-homogeneity of Zn distribution and phase formation, with a shift from Zn(O,OH)x to ZnS phase when increasing the deposition time and a decrease of the layers thicknesses when increasing the Zn concentration in chemical bath. A model for the growth of (Cd,Zn)S thin films is proposed. The resulting CZTSe/(Cd,Zn)S devices show an important reduction of the barrier at the hetero-interface, which is attributed to the lower density of O contamination in (Cd,Zn)S compared to CdS, inducing a lower density of deep p-type recombination centers. Despite the reduced compensation of the buffer layer, CZTSe/(Cd,Zn)S devices show a deterioration of the open circuit voltage and the fill factor with the increase of Zn content in (Cd,Zn)S. These electrical losses were avoided by Cd PE treatment prior to the deposition of (Cd,Zn)S.
Reliable Aggregation of Boolean Crowdsourced Tasks (2015)

We propose novel algorithms for the problem of crowdsourcing binary labels. Such binary labeling tasks are very common in crowdsourcing platforms, for instance, to judge the appropriateness of web content or to flag vandalism. We propose two unsupervised algorithms: one simple to implement albeit derived heuristically, and one based on iterated bayesian parameter estimation of user reputation models. We provide mathematical insight into the benefits of the proposed algorithms over existing approaches, and we confirm these insights by showing that both algorithms offer improved performance on many occasions across both synthetic and real-world datasets obtained via Amazon Mechanical Turk.
Self-Assembled Porphyrins on Modified Zinc Oxide Nanorods: Development of Model Systems for Inorganic–Organic Semiconductor Interface Studies (2011)

Dense arrays of zinc oxide nanorods with high specific surface areas were grown by hydrothermal method and functionalized by self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of porphyrins. The growth process was optimized to obtain dense arrays of nanorods with diameter of 60–80 nm and length up to 1.5 μm. The increase in the effective surface area was monitored by comparing the absorbances of SAM deposited both on the flat and nanorod surfaces of ZnO. To alter further semiconductor-organic SAM interactions, a 2 or 5 nm thick layer of either Al2O3 or TiO2 was deposited on the ZnO nanorods. The present results show that both carboxylic acid and triethoxysilane anchors can be used to form porphyrin SAMs on the studied metal oxide substrates, and the electronic interactions between the metal oxide and porphyrin SAM are strongly modified by a thin layer of Al2O3 or TiO2. These hybrid semiconductor-organic SAM constructions present promising model systems for advanced spectroscopy studies of semiconductor-organic interfaces with high degree of control over electronic interactions and system morphology.
Online wind estimation and prediction for a two-layer frozen flow atmosphere (2010)

We present a method for online estimation and prediction of wavefront distortions caused by two independent layers of frozen flow turbulence. The key to this algorithm is a fast, gradient-based estimator that uses optical flow techniques to extract the bulk velocity vectors of the two wind layers from three consecutive measurements of their combined wavefront. Once these velocity vectors are known, the phase aberrations resulting from the two-layer atmosphere can be predicted at any future time using a linear combination of shifted wavefronts. This allows calculation of a deformable mirror correction that compensates for the time delay errors in the control loop. Predictive control will be especially beneficial for visible light and high-contrast astronomical adaptive optics as well as for any adaptive optics system whose performance suffers due to time delay errors. A multilayer approach to predictive control is necessary since most observing sites have multi-layer atmospheres. The spatial domain method that we present is attractive because it uses all spatial frequency components of the wavefront simultaneously to find a global wind model. Its ability to update the wind velocity estimate at each control cycle makes it sensitive to changes in the wind on the order of tens of milliseconds. Our simulations show a potential Strehl increase from 0.45 to 0.65 for visible-light adaptive optics in low-noise, moderate-wind conditions with two frozen-flow wind layers and a strong static layer.
Confinement-Induced Stable Amorphous Solid of Lennard–Jones Argon (2004)

When a material is confined in a nanometer-scale pore, novel properties not seen in a macroscopic-scale material are expected. With this situation in mind, we carry out molecular dynamics (MD) simulation for the purpose of investigating the atomic configurations of Lennard–Jones (LJ) Ar solid in a pore of 3.4 nm in diameter. These results concerning the radial distribution function, Voronoi face parameters and bond-orientational order parameter show that the atomic structure of the confined Ar solid is non-crystalline (or in other words, amorphous) with a large number of Ar atoms having the local-icosahedral symmetry. The same kinds of the atomic configurations appears in bulk LJ glasses constructed via glass transition. However, there DOES exist a remarkable difference between these two cases. The amorphous structure in a bulk Ar glass easily crystallizes, after the annealing of 0.045–0.3 ns, into a closest-packed crystal (hcp, fcc or even a random stacking). On the other hand, the amorphous structure in a nanometer-scale pore remains unchanged on annealing even after 40 ns or longer. Our results of MD simulations strongly suggests that the amorphous structure in a confined Ar solid is ` practically stable ' in the sense that no crystallization is observed during the time span of annealing.
WIDESPREAD OCCURRENCE OF THE OCEANIC ULTRAPLANKTER, PRASINOCOCCUS CAPSULATUS (PRASINOPHYCEAE), THE DIAGNOSTIC “GOLGI‐DECAPORE COMPLEX” AND THE NEWLY DESCRIBED POLYSACCHARIDE “CAPSULAN” (1999)

A nonmotile green nanoalga was isolated from the waters over the Cayman Trench in March 1979 and has been maintained in culture as clone URI 266G (CCMP 1202). It was observed to form a copious polysaccharide capsule that presumably originated in the Golgi body and was secreted through a crown of 10 pores in the cell wall, the “decapore.” This multilaminate apical area, lying adjacent to the Golgi, underwent structural changes during morphogenesis. The polysaccharide precursors that coalesced to form the capsule apparently became stainable and visible as they exited the decapore when they cross‐linked with divalent ions in seawater. Cell wall precursors, or a cell wall lamina, surrounded the daughter cells both during synchronous binary fission and after cell separation, with the maternal capsule perhaps acting as a template. Similar prasinophyte isolates have been obtained from widespread areas of the North Atlantic and were divided into two subgroups on the basis of their pigment complement (Hooks et al. 1988). One subgroup, typified by clone Ω 48‐23 (CCMP 1203), was described by Guillard et al. (1991) as Pycnococcus provasolii Guillard within a new family, the Pycnococcaceae. The other subgroup, typified by clone URI 266G (CCMP 1202), contained two unique carotenoids, one of which was uriolide (Foss et al. 1986). Subsequently, Miyashita et al. (1993) described an alga from the western Pacific Ocean that is indistinguishable from URI 266G in both pigment composition and ultrastructure that they named Prasinococcus capsulatus Miyashita et Chihara and placed tentatively in the Pycnococcaceae. They described a curious asexual budding fission. Here we suggest an alternative form of cell division analogous to that observed in the other described Pycnococcaceae. We used theultrastructure of cells in exponential and stationary phases of growth to illustrate synchronous asexual binary fission, the “Golgi‐decapore complex,” and its apparent role in capsule formation. A unique sulfated and carboxylated polyanionic polysaccharide named capsulan is released from this complex.
Modificação estrutural de revestimentos de alumina e porcelana produzidos por aspersão térmica (1995)

Asperso trmica o termo usado para descrever todos os processos em que metais, cermicas ou polmeros so aplicados sob a forma de um spray de pequenas partculas em um estado altamente energtico contra a superfcie de um substrato.Neste trabalho foi usado o sistema de asperso trmica por chama oxi-acetilnica.Neste sistema, ps de alumina e porcelana so introduzidos em uma pistola de asperso e fundidos por uma chama oxi-acetilnica que possui a temperatura mxima de 3000C.Os prprios gases quentes da chama impulsionam as partculas fundidas contra o substrato, onde elas se arrefecem e solidificam formando um revestimento slido.Os revestimentos de alumina e porcelana foram depositados sobre substratos de alumnio.O substrato era inicialmente aquecido e depois revestido.Os revestimentos eram retirados do substrato quando o sistema revestimento-substrato alcanava a temperatura ambiente, devido a diferena entre os coeficientes de expanso trmica da camada cermica e o substrato de alumnio.Os revestimentos de alumina foram posteriormente aquecidos a diferentes temperaturas, entre 500 a 1200C e os de porcelana foram aquecidos a temperaturas de 500 e 600C.Aps o tratamento trmico as amostras foram modas, e obtidas as suas densidades atravs do mtodo de picnometria com gs hlio.Suas estruturas cristalinas foram determinadas por difrao de raios-X.Os espectros de difrao de raios-X e as medidas de picnometria mostraram claramente a evoluo da fase para a fase -alumina durante o tratamento trmico.(CNPq).
Application of Particle Swarm Optimization in the Design of Halbach Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generators for Megawatt Level Wind Turbines (2018)

In this paper particle swarm optimization (PSO) is used to optimize a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) for use in megawatt level wind turbines. The PMSG unitizes Halbach Array as the arrangement of choice for its surface mounted rare earth magnetic pole pieces. Halbach array is expected to produce the same amount of flux density with less magnet mass than conventional array. The PMSG will be directly driven; therefore, it is expected to be large, heavy, and expensive. The aim of this research is to utilize Halbach array and PSO as means to reduce the cost and size of wind turbine direct-driven PMSGs. Machine dimensions and characteristics are outlined as well as the optimization process. The optimization process is run with three different optimization goals to produce three different Halbach PMSGs. First, the objective function is designed to reduce cost alone. PSO is to work with machine dimensional parameters to produce as low cost as possible a machine with as small a size without compromising basic design and electromagnetic requirements expected from such machines. Second, the objective function will then be adjusted to offer optimization with emphasis on efficiency as well as cost, and new results would be produced. finally, the optimization goal is readjusted again to optimize for efficiency alone regardless of the initial cost. Therefore, three differently optimized Halbach PMSGs are outlined, discussed, and compared in this paper, which highlights the capabilities of the optimization method.
Neuromorphic Processing of Moving Sonar Data for Estimating Passing Range (2007)

Ranging sensors typically estimate range in order to register object locations with respect to a floor plan. This paper uses range readings from a moving sonar to estimate the passing range, equal to the minimum range as the sonar passes by the object. Estimating passing range not only indicates if a collision will occur, but also leads to artifact rejection and object classification. We control a conventional sonar to generate a spike process whose density relates to echo waveform intensity, analogous to biological action potentials. While the sonar moves along a linear trajectory, it extracts strong echoes and stores their range measurements in memory. Neuromorphic processing applies delays and coincidence detection to passing-range estimates for localizing and classifying objects. Physical principles governing echo production motivate a multiresolution coincidence detector that accomplishes the important sensing tasks of object classification, collision avoidance, trajectory alignment, artifact rejection, and sonar data fusion. Objects are classified by their hyperbolic range readings that exhibit passing-range estimate coincidence at a resolution related to surface roughness. Distributed objects parallel to the sonar trajectory, such as rough surfaces, exhibit coincidence in range readings. Multiple coincidence detectors tuned to different step sizes can adapt to changes in translational speed by changing the probing pulse period. Drive-by sonar experiments past an isolated post and down a hallway containing retroreflectors and distributed reflectors indicate localization and classification capabilities of passing-range estimation
Efficient Interference Control Technology for Vehicular Moving Networks (2015)

This paper proposes an efficient interference control scheme for vehicular moving networks. The features of the proposed scheme are as follows: radio resources are separated into two resource groups to avoid interference between the cellular and vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) links; V2V links are able to share the same radio resources for an improvement in the resource efficiency; and vehicles can adaptively adjust their transmission power according to the interference among the V2V links (based on the distributed power control (DPC) scheme derived using the network utility maximization method). The DPC scheme, which is the main feature of the proposed scheme, can improve both the reliability and data rate of a V2V link. Simulation results show that the DPC scheme improves the average signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio of V2V links by more than 4 dB, and the sum data rate of the V2V links by 15% and 137% compared with conventional schemes.
Long term management of patients with cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS): focus on rilonacept (IL-1 Trap) (2008)

Cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS) are a group of inherited inflammatory disorders consisting of familial cold-induced autoinflammatory syndrome (FCAS), Muckle-Wells syndrome (MWS), and neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease (NOMID; also known as chronic infantile neurologic, cutaneous, articular [CINCA] syndrome). These rare disorders are associated with heterozygous mutations in the NLRP3 (CIAS1) gene, which encodes the protein NALP3 or cryopyrin, and inflammation driven by excessive production of the cytokine interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta). Amyloidosis is a serious complication with 25% of MWS patients developing amyloidosis, with occasional fatal consequences, whilst up to 20% of CINCA/NOMID patients die from various complications, before reaching the early adulthood. In some CINCA/NOMID adult survivors amyloidosis can also occur. Prior to the discovery of the CIAS1 gene mutations and the advent of IL-1 targeted therapy, treatment was aimed at suppressing inflammation, with limited success. The selective blockade of IL-1beta, with anakinra (IL-1 receptor antagonist), not only provided supportive evidence for the role of IL-1beta in CAPS, but also demonstrated the efficacy of targeting IL-1beta for treatment of these conditions. In February, 2008, 'Orphan Drug' approval from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for rilonacept (IL-1 Trap/Arcalyst(), Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc) was given for the treatment of two CAPS disorders, FCAS and MWS in adults and children 12 years and older, making rilonacept the first therapy approved for the treatment of CAPS.
A 50nA quiescent current asynchronous digital-LDO with PLL-modulated fast-DVS power management in 40nm CMOS for 5.6 times MIPS performance (2012)

A 50nA quiescent current asynchronous digital-LDO (DLDO) integrated with the PLL-modulated switching regulator (SWR) exhibits the hybrid power management operation. The proposed bidirectional asynchronous wave pipeline (BAWP) in the asynchronous DLDO realizes the Fast-DVS (F-DVS) operation within tens of nano-seconds. The SWR with the leading phase amplifier achieves on-the-fly DVS and 94% peak efficiency, as well as improves 5.6 times MIPS performance through hybrid operation. The fabricated chip occupies 1.04mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> in 40nm CMOS.
Coincident Indicators of Capital Flows (2012)

Capital flows data from Balance of Payments statistics often lag 3-6 months, which renders timely surveillance and policy deliberation difficult. To address the tension, we propose two coincident composite indicators for capital flows that improve upon existing proxies. We find that the most widely used proxy, the capital tracker, often overpredicts net flows by 30 percent. We augment the tracker into a composite indicator by assigning to it a lesser but optimally estimated weight while incorporating other regional and global coincident correlates of capital flows. The proposed composite indicator of net flows outperforms the capital tracker in its original format. To complement the indicator with an even timelier variant, we also utilize the EPFR high frequency coverage of gross bond and equity flows as an indicator on foreign investors' sentiment.
Effect of aluminum(3+) and fluoride(1-) ions on desulfurization reaction in the limestone slurry scrubbing process (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffect of aluminum(3+) and fluoride(1-) ions on desulfurization reaction in the limestone slurry scrubbing processToshikatsu. Mori, Shimpei. Matsuda, Fumito. Nakajima, Tsukasa. Nishimura, and Yoshijiro. ArikawaCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Proc. Des. Dev. 1981, 20, 1, 144–147Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1981https://doi.org/10.1021/i200012a022RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views63Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: A C2 Symmetric Chiral Ketone for Catalytic Asymmetric Epoxidation of Unfunctionalized Olefins. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A stochastic conflict detection model revisited (2000)

This paper addresses the theoretical issue of the uncertainty modelling to enhance conflict estimation for air traffic control. One of the important aspect is to identify and evaluate the impact on the positioning error of its different components: position, velocity, and acceleration error. To set up such a model, the major difficulty identified is to make explicit the dynamic of aircraft position that includes uncertainties. A possible enhancement of the classical probabilistic model of error by introducing a dynamic dimension to the position error model is proposed. This new position error model is generic and can thus be used for different probabilistic methods. Moreover, as shown in the paper, this new model can be tuned to reproduce the results used in reference and validated on real traffic.
Simultaneous HPLC determination with light-scattering detection of lactulose and mannitol in studies of intestinal permeability in pediatrics (1998)

We describe a new HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of lactulose and mannitol in urine, in which cation-exchange chromatography and evaporative light-scattering detection are used. The two sugars are orally administered for the estimation of intestinal permeability in children. Samples were purified by solid phase extraction on a C18 cartridge and subsequent addition of anion-exchange resin. Cellobiose may be used as an internal standard. The chromatographic separation was carried out in 16 min at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min, using deionized water as the mobile phase. Within-run precision (CV) measured at three concentrations was 1.6-2.3% for lactulose and 1.0-1.9% for mannitol. Between-run CVs were 2.1-4.1% and 1.3-2.7% for lactulose and mannitol, respectively. Analytical recovery of both sugar probes was 97-101%. The detection limits (signal-to-noise ratio = 3) were 0.82 mg/L for lactulose and 0.65 mg/L for mannitol. The lactulose/ mannitol ratio in control subjects was 0.024 +/- 0.006; in patients with Crohn's and coeliac diseases in active phase, the ratios were 0.200 +/- 0.082 and 0.072 +/- 0.025, respectively. The method is rapid, simple, and sensitive, and suitable for determination of intestinal permeability in children.
Pseudarthrosis Following Lumbar and Lumbosacral Fusion Using the Antepsoas Technique (2021)

The MIS-ATP technique results in a high fusion rate (96.4% of patients; 98.3% of levels). Pseudarthrosis was noted mostly at the L5-S1 discs and in smokers.Level of Evidence: 4.