gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Noncausal Framework for Model-based Feedback Control of Spatially-developing Perturbations in Boundary Layers (Invited) (2003)

We present a noncausal framework for model-based feedback stabilization of a large class of spatiallydeveloping boundary-layer flo w systems. The systems considered are (approximately) parabolic in the spatial coordinate x. This facilitates the application of a range of established feedback control theories which are based on the solution of differential Riccati equations which march over a finite horizon in x (rather than marching in t, as customary). However, unlike systems which are parabolic in time, there is no causality constraint for the feedback control of systems which are parabolic in space; that is, downstream information may be used to update the controls upstream. Thus, a particular actuator may be used to neutralize the effects of a disturbance which actually enters the system downstream of the actuator location. A numerically-tractable feedback control strategy is formulated which takes advantage of this special capability of feedback control rules in the spatially-parabolic setting in order to minimize a globally-defined cost function in an effort to maintain laminar boundary-layer flo w. We compute the state-feedback control gains at several spanwise wavenumbers β. We then inverse transform the result to obtain spatial convolution kernels for determining the control feedback. The effectiveness of the controls computed using these feedback kernels, which are well resolved on the computational grid and spatially localized in the spanwise direction, is tested using direct numerical simulation of the boundary-layer flo w system. A significant damping of the flo w perturbation is observed, which is of the same order as the damping that arises when applying significantly more expensive iterative adjoint-based control optimization schemes.
File-System Workload Scientific on a ..... (1995)

any scientific applications have intense computationalan_i UO requirements. Although multiprocessors havepermitted astounding increases in computational per-formance, the formidable UO needs of these applica-tions cannot be met by current multiprocessors andtheir I/O subsystems. To prevent UO subsystems from forever bottle-necking multiprocessors and limiting the range of feasible applications,new I/O subsystems must be designed.The successful design of computer systems (both hardware and software)depends on a thorough understanding of their intended use. A system'sdesigner optimizes the policies and mechanisms for the cases expected to bemost common in the user's workload. In the case of multiprocessor filesystems, however, designers have been forced to build file systems basedonly on speculation about how they would be used, extrapolating fromfile-system characterizations of general-purpose workloads on uniproces-sot and distributed systems or scientific workloads on vector supercom-puters (see sidebar on related work). To help these system designers, inJune 1993 we began the Charisma project, so named because the projectsought to characterize I/0 in scientific multiprocessor applications from a vari-ety of production parallel computing platforms and sites.The Charisma project is unique in recording individual read and writerequests4n live, multiprogrammmg, parallel workloads (rather than fromselected or nonparallel applications). In this article, we present the firstresults from the project: a characterization of the file-system workload onan iPSC/860 multiprocessor running production, parallel scientific appli-
H5 influenza, a global update (2017)

H5 influenza viruses have caused much alarm globally due to their high pathogenic potential. As yet we have not seen sustained spread of the virus amongst humans despite a high prevalence of the virus in avian populations. Nevertheless, isolated human cases of infection have demonstrated high mortality and there are substantial efforts being taken to monitor the evolution of the virus and to undertake preparedness activities. Here we review and discuss the evolution of the A/goose/Guangdong/1/96 (H5N1) virus with emphasis on recent events.
The Astrometric Imaging Telescope: Near-Term Discovery and Study of Other Planetary Systems (1990)

Abstract The Astrometric Imaging Telescope (AIT) is a space-based 1.5 to 2 meter diameter telescope designed to discover and study planetary systems around other stars. The measurement objectives and instrument design aim at a definitive search for other planetary systems. The science program includes two planetary-system investigations, and the telescope carries two separate instruments: an astrometric instrument to measure the reflex motions of stars caused by the motions of unseen planets and an imaging coronagraph to directly image planets and other circumstellar matter.
Large photosensitivity in lead–silicate glasses (1999)

Strong, permanent surface-relief and refractive index gratings are written in lead–silicate glasses by irradiation with the output of a pulsed KrF excimer laser (248 nm) through a phase mask. Diffraction efficiencies as high as 10% are obtained. The diffraction efficiency of the refractive index grating after removal of the surface-relief grating shows that a very large photoinduced refractive index change (Δn0=0.09±0.02) is obtained.
Determination of the Stereostructure of Pyrimidine Nucleoside Derivatives with a Combination of Various Chiroptical Methods (2014)

Abstract The absolute configuration of pyrimidine nucleoside derivatives prepared by enantioselective reduction was determined using a combination of electronic circular dichroism (ECD) and vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectroscopy in tandem with quantum chemical calculations. Such a combined approach based on a comparison of experimentally measured and theoretically simulated chiroptical properties allows reliable predictions of absolute configuration. The advantage of using more than one chiroptical method for the assignment of absolute configuration is demonstrated. The reliability of the proposed assignment was further confirmed by ECD measurements at variable temperatures and the use of Moscowitz procedure. This allowed the relative energies of the conformers obtained from the calculations to be verified, and the distribution of conformers to be estimated.
The ABC's of Pancreatic Trauma: Airway, Breathing, and Computerized Tomography Scan? (2017)

Our results indicate that despite advances in CT technology, the sensitivity and specificity for identifying pancreatic injury remains low. Although CT scans remain critical in trauma evaluation, awareness of this diagnostic gap is important. Further analysis is required to determine any impact on patient outcomes.
Молекулярный механизм действия Ноопепта - замещенного Pro-Gly-дипептида (2016)

Изучено влияние Ноопепта (этиловый эфир N-фенилацетил-L-пролилглицина) на ДНК связывающую активность транскрипционных факторов (ТФ) в клетках линии HEK293, транзиентно трансфицированных люциферазными репортерными конструкциями, содержащими сайты связывания ТФ: CREB, NFAT, NF-κB, p53, STAT1, GAS, VDR, HSF1 и HIF-1. Показано, что Ноопепт (10 мкМ) увеличивал ДНК-связывающую активность только HIF-1 и не влиял на активность CREB, NFAT, NF-κB, p53, STAT1, GAS, VDR и HSF1. Выраженность HIF-позитивного эффекта Ноопепта зависела от его концентрации. В условиях стабилизации HIF-1, вызванной индуктором гипоксии СоCl2, Ноопепт обеспечивал дополнительное повышение ДНК-связывающей активности HIF-1. Пирацетам (1 мМ) не вызывал значимых изменений ДНК-связывающей активности ТФ. Результаты молекулярного докинга показали, что Ноопепт (L-изомер), а также метаболит Ноопепта - L-изомер N-фенилацетилпролина - способны связываться с активным сайтом пролилгидроксилазы 2. Данные о вызываемом Ноопептом селективном увеличении ДНК-связывающей активности HIF-1 с учетом функциональной значимости генов, активируемых этим фактором транскрипции, объясняют выявленные ранее нейрохимические и фармакологические эффекты Ноопепта, что дает основание рассматривать HIF-позитивный эффект в качестве первичного механизма действия этого дипептида.
2-Amino-4-(4-chlorophenyl)-5,6-dihydrobenzo[h]quinoline-3-carbonitrile–3-amino-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene-2,4-dicarbonitrile (1/4) (2011)

The asymmetric unit of the 1:4 title co-crystal of 2-amino-4-(4-chloro-phen-yl)-5,6-dihydro-benzo[h]quinoline-3-carbonitrile and 3-amino-1-(4-chloro-phen-yl)-9,10-dihydro-phenanthrene-2,4-dicarbonitrile, 0.2C(20)H(14)ClN(3)·0.8C(22)H(14)ClN(3), has the atoms of the fused-ring system and those of the amino, cyano and chloro-phenyl substitutents overlapped. The fused-ring system is buckled owing to the ethyl-ene linkage in the central ring. There are two independent overlapped mol-ecules in the asymmetric unit. In one independent mol-ecule, the two flanking aromatic rings are twisted by 24.4 (1)° and the ring of the chloro-phenyl substituent is twisted by 87.3 (1)° relative to the amino- and cyano-bearing aromatic ring. In the second mol-ecule, the respective dihedral angles are 26.1 (1) and 57.8 (1)°. The two independent mol-ecules are linked by N-H⋯N hydrogen bonds into dimers.
Benchmarking the Production of Cellulose Nanofibres: Biomass Feedstock, Mechanical Processing, and Nanopaper Performance (2022)

Abstract Lignocellulosic biomass plays a vital role in the global shift away from the utilisation of non-renewable petrochemical resources. An emerging class of biomass-derived material is nanocellulose, which are typically generated from the deconstruction of cellulose bundles within the cell wall of terrestrial and aquatic plants, either in the form of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) or cellulose nanofibres (CNFs). However, the utilisation of biomass has an inherent challenge associated with product variability, both in terms of the starting feedstock properties, the wide range of processing routes available to generate nanocellulose, and the fabrication of nanocellulose into a diverse range of different product formats. As a result, it is difficult to accurately characterise and benchmark the wide variety of nanocellulose materials described within the literature. To address this challenge, this study presents a threefold benchmarking assessment of CNF-based material, including: (1) CNFs generated from different biomass sources (sorghum, banana, sugarcane, spinifex, and softwood); (2) CNFs generated through different mechanical processing methods (Silverson mixing, twin-screw extrusion, bead milling, and high pressure homogenisation); and (3) Energy-standardised nanopaper mechanical performance. The biomass benchmarking study highlighted sorghum and banana stem as comparatively sustainable biomass feedstock, while the mechanical process benchmarking study highlighted twin-screw extrusion as a promising fibrillation method with low energy consumption. Lastly, the nanopaper benchmarking study aided in the visualisation of the nanopaper research landscape. Sample benchmarking in this manner provides greater insight into the mechanisms driving nanocellulose material performance and processing sustainability.
Structure of the Human Sulfhydryl Oxidase Augmenter of Liver Regeneration and Characterization of a Human Mutation Causing an Autosomal Recessive Myopathy, (2010)

The sulfhydryl oxidase augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR) binds FAD in a helix-rich domain that presents a CxxC disulfide proximal to the isoalloxazine ring of the flavin. Head-to-tail interchain disulfide bonds link subunits within the homodimer of both the short, cytokine-like, form of ALR (sfALR), and a longer form (lfALR) which resides in the mitochondrial intermembrane space (IMS). lfALR has an 80-residue N-terminal extension with an additional CxxC motif required for the reoxidation of reduced Mia40 during oxidative protein folding within the IMS. Recently, Di Fonzo et al. [Di Fonzo, A., Ronchi, D., Lodi, T., Fassone, E., Tigano, M., Lamperti, C., Corti, S., Bordoni, A., Fortunato, F., Nizzardo, M., Napoli, L., Donadoni, C., Salani, S., Saladino, F., Moggio, M., Bresolin, N., Ferrero, I., and Comi, G. P. (2009) Am. J. Hum. Genet. 84, 594-604] described an R194H mutation of human ALR that led to cataract, progressive muscle hypotonia, and hearing loss in three children. The current work presents a structural and enzymological characterization of the human R194H mutant in lf- and sfALR. A crystal structure of human sfALR was determined by molecular replacement using the rat sfALR structure. R194 is located at the subunit interface of sfALR, close to the intersubunit disulfide bridges. The R194 guanidino moiety participates in three H-bonds: two main-chain carbonyl oxygen atoms (from R194 itself and from C95 of the intersubunit disulfide of the other protomer) and with the 2'-OH of the FAD ribose. The R194H mutation has minimal effect on the enzyme activity using model and physiological substrates of short and long ALR forms. However, the mutation adversely affects the stability of both ALR forms: e.g., by decreasing the melting temperature by about 10 degrees C, by increasing the rate of dissociation of FAD from the holoenzyme by about 45-fold, and by strongly enhancing the susceptibility of sfALR to partial proteolysis and to reduction of its intersubunit disulfide bridges by glutathione. Finally, a comparison of the TROSY-HSQC 2D NMR spectra of wild-type sfALR and its R194H mutant reveals a significant increase in conformational flexibility in the mutant protein. In sum, these in vitro data document the major impact of the seemingly conservative R194H mutation on the stability of dimeric ALR and complement the in vivo observations of Di Fonzo et al.
Theory of Zener tunneling and Wannier-Stark states in semiconductors (1994)

A general multiband and multichannel scattering theory of the current in mesoscopic-device structures is developed and applied to the Zener diode. It takes into account the realistic electronic structure, its modification by the high electric field, and the field-free contact regions in a nonperturbative manner. This theory elucidates the interplay between Zener tunneling and Wannier-Stark resonances. Quantitative conditions for the occurrence of Wannier-Stark oscillations in the current of a bulk semiconductor or superlattice are derived. It is predicted that Wannier-Stark resonances are detectable in the interband tunneling current of highly doped submicrometer p-i-n diodes with very short i zones. We show that there are two regimes in the Zener tunneling current: a low-field or Zener regime where the conductance is a smooth function of the applied voltage, and a high-field or Stark regime where Wannier-Stark resonances are induced.
Minority carrier diffusion lengths and mobilities in low-doped n-InGaAs for focal plane array applications (2017)

The hole diffusion length in n-InGaAs is extracted for two samples of different doping concentrations using a set of long and thin diffused junction diodes separated by various distances on the order of the diffusion length. The methodology is described, including the ensuing analysis which yields diffusion lengths between 70 - 85 &mu;m at room temperature for doping concentrations in the range of 5 − 9 &times; 10<sup>15</sup> cm<sup>−3</sup> . The analysis also provides insight into the minority carrier mobility which is a parameter not commonly reported in the literature. Hole mobilities on the order of 500 − 750 cm<sup>2</sup>/V·s are reported for the aforementioned doping range, which are comparable albeit longer than the majority hole mobility for the same doping magnitude in p-InGaAs. A radiative recombination coefficient of (0.5&plusmn;0.2)&times;10<sup>−10</sup> cm<sup>−3 </sup>s −1 is also extracted from the ensuing analysis for an InGaAs thickness of 2.7 &mu;m. Preliminary evidence is also given for both heavy and light hole diffusion. The dark current of InP/InGaAs p-i-n photodetectors with 25 and 15 &mu;m pitches are then calibrated to device simulations and correlated to the extracted diffusion lengths and doping concentrations. An effective Shockley-Read-Hall lifetime of between 90-200 &mu;s provides the best fit to the dark current of these structures.
The role of strong coupling in z-pinch-driven approaches to high yield inertial confinement fusion (2000)

Peak x-ray powers as high as 280±40 TW have been generated from the implosion of tungsten wire arrays on the Z Accelerator at Sandia National Laboratories. The high x-ray powers radiated by these z-pinches provide an attractive new driver option for high yield inertial confinement fusion (ICF). The high x-ray powers appear to be a result of using a large number of wires in the array which decreases the perturbation seed to the magnetic Rayleigh-Taylor (MRT) instability and diminishes other 3-D effects. Simulations to confirm this hypothesis require a 3-D MHD code capability, and associated databases, to follow the evolution of the wires from cold solid through melt, vaporization, ionization, and finally to dense imploded plasma. Strong coupling plays a role in this process, the importance of which depends on the wire material and the current time history of the pulsed power driver. Strong coupling regimes are involved in the plasmas in the convolute and transmission line of the powerflow system. Strong coupling can also play a role in the physics of the z-pinch-driven high yield ICF targeL Finally, strong coupling can occur in certain z-pinch-driven application experiments.
Phenethyl Amides as Novel Noncovalent Inhibitors of Hepatitis C Virus NS3/4A Protease:  Discovery, Initial SAR, and Molecular Modeling (2002)

The discovery of novel, reversible and competitive tripeptide inhibitors of the Hepatitis C virus NS3/4A serine protease is described. These inhibitors are characterized by the presence of a C-terminal phenethyl amide group, which extends into the prime side of the enzyme. Initial SAR together with molecular modeling and data from site-directed mutagenesis suggest an interaction of the phenethyl amide group with Lys-136.
Reduced intestinal fat absorptive capacity but enhanced susceptibility to diet-induced fatty liver in mice heterozygous for ApoB38.9 truncation (2005)

Fatty liver is prevalent in apolipoprotein B (apoB)-defective familial hypobetalipoproteinemia (FHBL). Similar to humans, mouse models of FHBL produced by gene targeting (apob(+/38.9)) manifest low plasma cholesterol and increased hepatic triglycerides (TG) even on a chow diet due to impaired hepatic VLDL-TG secretive capacity. Because apoB truncations shorter than apoB48 are expressed in the intestine, we examined whether FHBL mice may have limited capacity for intestinal dietary TG absorption. In addition, we investigated whether FHBL mice are more susceptible to diet-induced hepatic TG accumulation. Fat absorption capacity was impaired in apoB38.9 mice in a gene dose-dependent manner. Relative fractional fat absorption coefficients for apob(+/+), apob(+/38.9), and apob(38.9/38.9) were 1.00, 0.96, and 0.71, respectively. To raise hepatic TG, we fed high-fat (HF) and low-fat (LF) pellets. Hepatic TG level was observed in rank order: HF > LF > chow. On both LF and HF, liver TG level was higher in the apob(+/38.9) than in apob(+/+). Hepatic TG secretion remained impaired in the apob(+/38.9) on the HF diet. Thus the FHBL mice are more susceptible to diet-induced fatty liver despite relatively reduced intestinal TG absorption capacity on a HF diet.
Effects of Congestive Heart Failure, Dynamic Exercise, and Terbutaline Treatment (1990)

The current studies were undertaken to explore the relationship between enhanced sympathetic nervous activity and lymphocyte subset distribution in three settings: congestive heart failure, dynamic exercise, and fl-adrenergic agonist treatment. We compared the number and subset distribution ofcirculating lymphocytes in 36 patients with congestive heart failure and 31 age-matched control subjects. The number of circulating lymphocytes was lower in heart failure than in control. This was due to a reduction in Tsuppressor/cytotoxic and natural killer cells without significant alteration of Thelper cells. The extent of the alteration was similar in patients with idiopathic and ischemic heart failure, but the reduction was more pronounced in patients with New York Heart Association class III-IV than in class 1-11. The plasma catecholamine elevation in heart failure was also independent of etiology but more pronounced in the more severely ill patients. We also assessed lymphocyte subsets after acute stimulation of sympathetic activity by dynamic exercise and after treatment with the ,8-adrenergic agonist terbutaline. Dynamic exercise until exhaustion increased the number of circulating lymphocytes in healthy controls and heart failure patients in a subset-selective manner. By contrast, a 7-d treatment with terbutaline caused a reduction in the circulating number of lymphocytes in some subsets that was identical to that seen in heart failure patients. We conclude that prolonged sympathetic activity reduces the number of circulating lymphocytes by a fi-adrenergic mechanism. Such alterations might be involved in the pathophysiology of heart failure and other disease states involving increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system. (J. Clin. Invest. 1990. 85:462-467.) beta receptors lymphocytes heart failure
The "Limulus" Amebocyte Lysate Test for Endotoxin (1980)

This paper outlines the development and applications of the Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) test for endotoxin. The authors also discuss the conservation of the U.S. horsehoe crab population and the first successful laboratory breeding of Limulus.
Gene Alert-a sequence search results keyword parser (1998)

Similarity searching is an important tool to many biological scientists. Various computer implementations (BLAST, FASTA, Smith-Waterman) are used by scientists to analyze their sequences of interest to identify identities (perfect matches) or similarities (statistically significant matches) between their query sequences and large databases such as GenBank. Search engines currently return brief annotations and alignments ranked in order of statistical significance or raw similarity score. However, it is frequently not the top-scoring similarities that bring important new information to the investigating scientist, but the content of the annotation or similarity "hits" at any significant score. The Gene Alert algorithm applies additional filtering and a user weighted keyword search to the BLAST output to parse the output into a form customized to the user. There are three components to the Gene Alert implementation as it is currently operating: an organized file structure, a BLAST engine, and a parser written in the PERL scripting language. The file structure was designed to place code and database components in logical positions and to facilitate future complete automation of the Gene Alert and similarity search system. Shown here is the file structure within the UNIX environment.
Intratunical injection of adipose stromal vascular fraction (SVF) prevents fibrosis expression in a rat model of Peyronie’s disease (2015)

long axis from 4 to 6cm(Fig) with dilation(12Kpaskal,20%). The urethra showed two layer and human nucli pathologically. The supemanent of urethra revealed 20 cytokaines. The retrograde insertion of dye revealed no sign of stricture. The human urethra were transplated to nude rat (n1⁄43). CONCLUSIONS: We has successfully printed human urethra by cell the aggregates of h-MSC in 10 days time using this needle array system and transplanted to nude rats(n1⁄43) by newly developed scaffold-free 3D bio fabrication system. (Fig) This technology will enable researchers to develop a wide range of cell-products for restoring tissues and urological organs from living cells safely and efficiently.