gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Visual presentation of elastic wave patterns under various structural conditions (1936)

Abstract The usual form of reflection seismograph operates satisfactorily over simple structural conditions, but frequently fails to obtain part or all of the desired information when structures are steeply folded, faulted or otherwise complicated. The reasons for this are plainly evident if the paths of the waves in the earth can be visualized. This has been done by the use of a technic originally developed for acoustical measurements.A miniature explosion radiates waves into various models of structure, where reflection and diffraction take place in the same manner as in the earth. The various moving waves are actually photographed in flight. A series of plates is presented, showing wave patterns in various types of structures, ranging from simple to complex. A new type of equipment and technic are briefly described, with which exploration may be carried into the more complex structural regions successfully.
Multicolor detection of high-redshift quasars, 1: Two objects at Z greater than 4 (1994)

We present detections of two quasars at z &gt; 4, using a multicolor wide- field CCD imaging technique. The quasars were previously discovered in a photographic survey by Irwin, McMahon, and Hazard, but have not been fully documented in the literature. Here we provide the basic information on them, which can be used for a variety of followup studies. The wide- field CCD imaging technique is demonstrated to work well as a tool for discovery of high-redshift quasars, and could reach to magnitude levels deeper than those achieved by the Schmidt-plate based photographic surveys.
An accurate algorithm for nonuniform fast Fourier transforms (NUFFT's) (1998)

Based on the (m, N, q)-regular Fourier matrix, a new algorithm is proposed for fast Fourier transform (FFT) of nonuniform (unequally spaced) data. Numerical results show that the accuracy of this algorithm is much better than previously reported results with the same computation complexity of O(N log/sub 2/ N). Numerical examples are shown for the applications in computational electromagnetics.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF A NEW KIND OF ONE‐DIMENSIONAL CONDUCTORS. PART 4. CONVENIENT SYNTHESIS OF OCTASUBSTITUTED PHTHALOCYANINES (1980)

Abstract Ausgehend von o‐Xylol (I) wird in zwei Stufen das Bis‐(brommethyl)‐dibrombenzol (III) gewonnen und weiter mit Natriumalkoholaten zu den Benzylethern (IV) umgesetzt.
Realization of an end‐to‐end software simulator for navigation systems (2000)

The paper presents the DLR-NAVSIM tool. This tool was developed for simulating future civil navigation satellite systems like GNSS-2 or Galileo. In the introduction the aim, the problems, and the principal set-up of the simulation tool are described. In Section 2 a detailed description of the two different levels is presented. Also described are the mean influences on a navigation system, which are realized within this tool in one of the two levels. Section 3 depicts some preliminary results of each level simulation to demonstrate the capacity of the DLR-NAVSIM tool for navigation satellite systems. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
21112 High-Precision Forming Simulations Considering the Differential Work Hardening Behavior of Cold-Rolled IF Steel Sheets (2014)

The deformation behavior of cold-rolled IF steel sheet under biaxial tension was investigated for a strain range from initial yielding to fracture. The test material was bent and laser welded to fabricate a tubular specimen. Multiaxial tube expansion tests were performed using a servo-controlled tension-internal pressure testing machine. Many linear stress paths in the first quadrant of stress space were applied to the tubular specimens to measure the counters of plastic work and the directions of the plastic strain rates. It was found the shapes of the work counters changed with an increase in ε^P_0 and the Yld2000-2d yield function could reproduce the differential work hardening behavior (DWH) of the test material by changing the material parameters and exponent as functions of ε^P_0. Finite element analysis of hydraulic bulge forming has verified the effectiveness of proposed DWH model based on Yld2000-2d yield function for improving the accuracy of the FEA.
Finding optimal decoupled plans for multiple teams of robots in cognitive factories (2013)

We introduce a novel method to find optimal plans for multiple teams of robots through a mediator, where each team is given a task to complete in its workspace on its own and where teams are allowed to transfer robots between each other, subject to the following constraints: 1) teams (and the mediator) do not know about each other's workspace or tasks (e.g., for privacy purposes); 2) every team can lend or borrow robots, but not both (e.g., transportation/calibration of robots between/for different workspaces is usually costly). We introduce a novel method to solve this problem using state-of-the-art SAT solvers and ASP solvers. We show applicability and usefulness of our approach by experiments on various scenarios of cognitive factories.
Imprinting magnetic memory cells in molecular based NiL2(C2H5OH)2 heterospin crystals (2005)

Abstract The distribution of local magnetic fields near the surface of plastically deformed molecular based NiL 2 (C 2 H 5 OH) 2 heterospin single crystals was studied by a scanning SQUID microscope. It was found that local deformation by indentation causes ferromagnetic exchange interaction in NiL 2 (C 2 H 5 OH) 2 crystals at unusually high temperatures (≥77 K) in the area ∼10 4 µm 2 near the indentation pit. This magnetization temperature is much higher than observed in the bulk of the undeformed crystal (∼5 K). An estimation shows that spin ordering could be concentrated around structural defects. It gives the possibility to make a premeditated imprinting having a magnetic structure and to distribute magnetic memory cells on a crystal surface. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Digital Data Signal Space Diagrams (1964)

Signed space diagrams are described which show the pattern of amplitude and phase variation for several kinds of modulated carrier signals commonly used in digital data transmission. Such diagrams illustrate important similarities and differences among the various modulation methods. Oscilloscope pictures of actual data signal patterns are presented, and it is shown that these patterns can be used to detect the presence of amplitude and delay distortions in the transmission channel.
Chronic sublethal effects associated with branched alkylbenzenes bioaccumulated by mussels (2008)

Crude oils are complex mixtures of many thousands of compounds, both resolved and unresolved by conventional gas chromatography (GC). Recent research using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight-mass-spectrometry (GC x GC-ToF-MS) identified branched alkylbenzenes (BABs) as a major component of some unresolved complex mixtures of hydrocarbons (UCMs) bioaccumulated in the tissues of North Sea mussels, Mytilus edulis, previously found to have poor health status. Here the effect of long-term exposure to low aqueous concentration of BABs and mussels' ability to recover, was determined. Mussels were exposed to 5 microg/L of a complex mixture of C(12-14) BABs for 14 d. Feeding rates and the viability of hemocytes were measured immediately after exposure and again after 5 d depuration. Tissues were extracted, analyzed and alkylbenzenes quantified by both GC-MS and GC x GC-ToF-MS. Mussel extracts from previous acute tests were also reanalyzed and quantified using GC x GC-ToF-MS. Mussels exposed to 5 microg/L BABs for 14 d accumulated 46 to 47 microg/g dry weight alkylbenzenes; this was similar to tissue concentrations of mussels exposed to 41microg/L for 72 h. Feeding rates were significantly reduced (p < or = 0.05) and were dependent upon tissue concentration. Cellular viability was not significantly affected. Following 5 d in clean seawater, the BABs were only partially depurated and feeding rates failed to fully recover. The use of GC x GC-ToF-MS in the present study has shown that mussel tissue concentrations of complex mixtures of alkylbenzenes, and their corresponding effects, are consistent with reported concentrations within UCM-contaminated wild mussel populations with poor health status.
Achieving on-Mobile Real-Time Super-Resolution with Neural Architecture and Pruning Search (2021)

Though recent years have witnessed remarkable progress in single image super-resolution (SISR) tasks with the prosperous development of deep neural networks (DNNs), the deep learning methods are confronted with the computation and memory consumption issues in practice, especially for resource-limited platforms such as mobile devices. To overcome the challenge and facilitate the real-time deployment of SISR tasks on mobile, we combine neural architecture search with pruning search and propose an automatic search framework that derives sparse super-resolution (SR) models with high image quality while satisfying the real-time inference requirement. To decrease the search cost, we leverage the weight sharing strategy by introducing a supernet and decouple the search problem into three stages, including supernet construction, compiler-aware architecture and pruning search, and compiler-aware pruning ratio search. With the proposed framework, we are the first to achieve real-time SR inference (with only tens of milliseconds per frame) for implementing 720p resolution with competitive image quality (in terms of PSNR and SSIM) on mobile platforms (Samsung Galaxy S20).
Improvement in Oxidation Resistance of TiAl by Preoxidation at 1200K in a Pack Mixture of Cr2O3 and Cr Powders (1992)

The cyclic-oxidation resistance of a TiAl
Rheological studies of the polymerization of elastomeric impression materials. I. Network structure of the set state (1982)

As part of a detailed study of the curing of a range of dental elastomeric impression materials, their chemistry was investigated. This information, the dependence of the stress relaxation modulus of the set material on the catalyst/base ratios, and the level of diluent were used to elucidate the network structure. Such information is required before the rheological behavior during cure can be understood. The clinical significance of the recommended catalyst/base ratio is discussed.
Comparative Verification of Radiation Noise Reduction Effect Using Spread Spectrum for Inductive Power Transfer System (2019)

This paper provides a comparative study on radiation noise reduction methods for inductive power transfer systems using spread spectrum. In the spread spectrum methods, the radiation noise is reduced by continuously changing an output frequency of the inverter according to pseudorandom numbers. The effects of the radiation noise reduction are evaluated with the inductive power transfer (IPT) system with series-parallel compensation and series-series compensation. The results show that the peak values of the radiation noise around the fundamental frequency are reduced by 7.8 and 8.1 dBμA in maximum with the series-series compensation method and the series-parallel compensation method, respectively in comparison with the constant frequency operation. From these results, the proposed methods are effective for both the series-series compensation and series-parallel compensation method. Moreover, the efficiency of the IPT system with spread spectrum method is evaluated. The maximum DC-to-DC efficiency with the spread spectrum is 94.1% and 92.0% with the series-series compensation and the series-parallel compensation, respectively.
Components of Dentinal Adhesives Modulate Heat Shock Protein 72 Expression in Heat-stressed THP-1 Human Monocytes at Sublethal Concentrations (2002)

Few studies have investigated the ability of dental resins to induce cellular stress at sublethal concentrations. Cellular stress, especially in immune cells such as monocytes, may modulate the biological response to materials or the host's ability to respond to bacterially mediated inflammation. The current study examined the ability of sublethal concentrations of 2-hydroxylethylmethacrylate (HEMA) and triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) to induce heat shock protein 72 (HSP72) in human monocytes. HEMA and TEGDMA significantly suppressed heat-induced HSP72 expression, even at sublethal levels, but did not induce HSP72 by themselves. The results of the current study suggest that components released from dental resin could modulate the HSP stress response without altering cellular metabolic activity.
Possible v-Crk-induced Transformation through Activation of Src Kinases (1995)

p47gag-crk (v-Crk) encoded by avian sarcoma virus CT10, causes an elevation of tyrosine phosphorylation of several cellular proteins. The lack of a protein-tyrosine kinase domain in v-Crk suggests its co-operation with cellular protein-tyrosine kinase activity. We have shown that suppression of a certain fraction of c-Src activity by Csk may require the binding of Csk to tyrosine-phosphorylated paxillin. In this study, we detected co-immunoprecipitation of tyrosine-phosphorylated paxillin with v-Crk in CT10-transformed chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF), and demonstrated that v-Crk binding to paxillin can inhibit Csk binding to paxillin. A phosphotyrosine peptide, which can inhibit v-Crk binding to paxillin, did not inhibit Csk binding to paxillin, suggesting that v-Crk and Csk bind to different tyrosine-phosphorylated sites in paxillin. We also found that the kinase activity of the endogenous c-Src in CEF is elevated severalfold after CT10-transformation. We therefore suggest that the competitive binding of overexpressed v-Crk affects an efficient interaction of Csk with tyrosine-phosphorylated paxillin in CT10-transformed CEF. This would result in a failure in the suppression of the kinase activities of a population of c-Src and other Src family protein-tyrosine kinases as well, and these kinases may then contribute to the phosphorylation of cellular proteins in CT10-transformed CEF.
Using trunk compensation to model head stabilization during locomotion (2011)

Head and trunk movements were measured in eight subjects performing a complex locomotor task. The purpose was to determine if, even in a complex scenario, the head is stabilized during walking. The experimental conditions were Free Gaze (FG) and Anchored Gaze (AG). In AG condition, subjects were asked to always gaze on one of two Anchor Points placed in the scenario during walking. Despite the linear and rotational motion of trunk, the head pitch orientation has little variation (9.2°) in AG condition respect to FG (23.4°). Moreover, the head pitch rotation relative to the trunk in AG condition appeared to compensate for trunk pitch rotation. In fact, an anti-phase correlation between these two signals occurred in the AG condition trials. In this perspective, we design a model in which the head is stabilized and the orientation is simulated for a locomotor task. The model we propose considers the trunk rotation as a disturbance and allows following an input reference head rotation, compensating the trunk rotation. This model, suitable for a future implementation on a robotic platform, is based on an inverse kinematics controller and tested on real human data.
Technique to obtain head-medium magnetic spacing in a disk drive (2005)

A technique is presented to determine the head-medium magnetic spacing utilizing square wave recording spectral measurements. Because spectral analysis does not give a unique separation of the spacing and the transition parameter, the transition parameter is first determined at low densities using time domain transition noise analysis. The total noise power versus density is utilized to determine the transition parameter variation with density due to record process nonlinearities. Spectral fitting gives both the spacing and the giant magnetoresistance gap length. It is shown this technique is robust by analysis of data on perpendicular media with both inductive and single pole heads.
Intensity-modulated arc therapy: principles, technologies and clinical implementation (2011)

Intensity-modulated arc therapy (IMAT) was proposed by Yu (1995 Phys. Med. Biol. 40 1435-49) as an alternative to tomotherapy. Over more than a decade, much progress has been made. The advantages and limitations of the IMAT technique have also been better understood. In recent years, single-arc forms of IMAT have emerged and become commercially adopted. The leading example is the volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT), a single-arc form of IMAT that delivers apertures of varying weights with a single-arc rotation that uses dose-rate variation of the treatment machine. With commercial implementation of VMAT, wide clinical adoption has quickly taken root. However, there remains a lack of general understanding for the planning of such arc treatments, as well as what delivery limitations and compromises are made. Commercial promotion and competition add further confusion for the end users. It is therefore necessary to provide a summary of this technology and some guidelines on its clinical implementation. The purpose of this review is to provide a summary of the works from the radiotherapy community that led to wide clinical adoption, and point out the issues that still remain, providing some perspective on its further developments. Because there has been vast experience in IMRT using multiple intensity-modulated fields, comparisons between IMAT and IMRT are also made in the review within the areas of planning, delivery and quality assurance.
Elevation of Eosinophil-Derived Neurotoxin in Plasma of the Subjects with Aspirin-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease: A Possible Peripheral Blood Protein Biomarker (2013)

Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) remains widely underdiagnosed in asthmatics, primarily due to insufficient awareness of the relationship between aspirin ingestion and asthma exacerbation. The identification of aspirin hypersensitivity is therefore essential to avoid serious aspirin complications. The goal of the study was to develop plasma biomarkers to predict AERD. We identified differentially expressed genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) between subjects with AERD and those with aspirin-tolerant asthma (ATA). The genes were matched with the secreted protein database (http://spd.cbi.pku.edu.cn/) to select candidate proteins in the plasma. Plasma levels of the candidate proteins were then measured in AERD (n = 40) and ATA (n = 40) subjects using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Target genes were validated as AERD biomarkers using an ROC curve analysis. From 175 differentially expressed genes (p-value <0.0001) that were queried to the secreted protein database, 11 secreted proteins were retrieved. The gene expression patterns were predicted as elevated for 7 genes and decreased for 4 genes in AERD as compared with ATA subjects. Among these genes, significantly higher levels of plasma eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (RNASE2) were observed in AERD as compared with ATA subjects (70(14.62∼311.92) µg/ml vs. 12(2.55∼272.84) µg/ml, p-value <0.0003). Based on the ROC curve analysis, the AUC was 0.74 (p-value = 0.0001, asymptotic 95% confidence interval [lower bound: 0.62, upper bound: 0.83]) with 95% sensitivity, 60% specificity, and a cut-off value of 27.15 µg/ml. Eosinophil-derived neurotoxin represents a novel biomarker to distinguish AERD from ATA.
Photochemical Internalization Enhances the Cytotoxic Effect of the Protein Toxin Gelonin and Transgene Expression in Sarcoma Cells ¶ (2003)

Further advantages in the treatment of soft-tissue sarcomas will only be achieved by tailoring the adjuvant therapy after surgery. The photochemically directed release of macro-molecules from endosomes and lysosomes into the cytosol is a novel technology, named photochemical internalization (PCI), that has been evaluated for treatment of sarcoma cells in vitro. Two human synovial sarcoma cell lines (SW 982 and CME-1) were treated with the photosensitizer meso-tetraphenylporphine with two sulfonate groups on adjacent phenyl rings (TPPS2a) and a plasmid encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) complexed to poly-L-lysine to investigate the influence of PCI on gene transfer and with 5 micrograms/mL gelonin to investigate PCI of a Type-I ribosome-inactivating protein toxin. In addition, both cell lines were transduced with an Adenovirus serotype 5 encoding the Escherichia coli lacZ gene (AdHCMV-lacZ, expressing beta-galactosidase) and treated with TPPS2a and light to evaluate the effect of PCI on the transduction rate. Photochemically induced transfection with the reporter gene EGFP in CME-1 cells increased from 0% of cells at no light to 40% of the cells after 60 s of light exposure. In contrast, the SW 982 cells showed no enhanced expression of the gene. The fraction of virally transduced cells was about doubled in both cell lines by means of PCI, although the transduction was more efficient in the CME-1 cells. Both cell lines became up to four-fold more sensitive to light when combining photochemical treatment with gelonin incubation. Our experiments showed that PCI induced the endocytic escape of therapeutic substances in cells derived from human soft-tissue sarcomas.
Modulation of IP3 Receptor Stability and Its Implication in Cell Death and Disease (2018)

Ca2+ is a ubiquitous and versatile second messenger, which is important for processes like cell death and survival. Intracellular Ca2+ dynamics are tightly controlled by several Ca2+-transport systems. The main intracellular Ca2+-release channel is inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptor (IP3R), which is responsible for the Ca2+ flux from the endoplasmic reticulum. IP3R dysfunction has been implicated in various pathological conditions including cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Hence, IP3Rs function at the common cross-point of different pro-survival and cell-death signaling pathways and are targeted by several proteins. A number of protein modifications directly impact IP3R gating and thus Ca2+-flux properties. Yet, several regulating mechanisms emerged to regulate total IP3R levels by altering IP3R stability and turnover through proteasomal degradation and protease cleavage. In the present review, we will highlight the mechanisms and the impact of (i) IP3R ubiquitination and the following proteasomal degradation and (ii) IP3R cleavage by two major classes of proteases, namely caspases and calpains.