gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Silicon ribbon cables for chronically implantable microelectrode arrays (1994)

This paper describes the design, fabrication, and testing of miniature ultraflexible ribbon cables for use with micromachined silicon microprobes capable of chronic recording and/or stimulation in the central nervous system (CNS). These interconnects are of critical importance in reliably linking these microelectrodes to the external world through a percutaneous connector. The silicon cables allow the realization of multilead, multistrand shielded local interconnects that are extremely flexible and yet strong enough to withstand normal handling and surgical manipulation. Cables 5 microns thick, 1-5 cm long, and from 60 to 250 microns wide have been fabricated with up to eight leads. The series lead resistance is typically 4 k omega/cm for polysilicon and 500 omega/cm for tantalum, with shunt capacitance values of 5-10 pF/cm and an interlead capacitance below 10 fF/cm. Soak tests in buffered saline performed under electrical and mechanical stress have been underway for over three years and show subpicoampere leakage levels. Silicon microprobes with built-in ribbon cables have remained functional for up to one year in the guinea pig CNS, recording driven single-unit activity and maintaining impedance levels in the 1-7 M omega range.
Editorial: Protein Quality Controlling Systems in Plant Responses to Environmental Stresses (2018)

EDITORIAL article Front. Plant Sci., 29 June 2018Sec. Plant Cell Biology Volume 9 - 2018 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.00908
Commissioning of the New Multi-Frequency ECRH System for ASDEX Upgrade (2006)

The first two-frequency GYCOM gyrotron Odissey-1 has been installed and put into operation in the new multi-frequency ECRH system at the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak experiment.
Low-Speed PSP Experiment using an Automobile Model (2003)

We have applied PSP to low-speed wind tunnel tests of an automobile model. PSP measurements at low speeds are difficult because of small changes of pressure on a model. To evaluate the accuracy of current PSP system, we made low-speed PSP experiments using an automobile model in the range of 10-50m/s (36-180 km/h). Effects of averaging, image registration, flat-field correction and calibration were investigated. It was found that, using an in situ calibration, quantitative pressure distributions of the automobile model could be obtained down to 25m/s. A comparison of the PSP data with conventional pressure tap measurements revealed that the largest source of an error was derived from the temperature dependence of PSP.
A comparison of polymerase chain reaction and an infectivity assay for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 titration during virus inactivation of blood components (1993)

Three examples of human plasma-derived concentrates, intermediate-purity factors VIII and IX, and fibrinogen were spiked with tissue culture-grown human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) strain RF. All examples were freeze-dried and heated at 80 degrees C for 72 hours by using validated production process models. HIV-1 infectivity was measured by a syncytial infectivity assay in C8166 cells and then compared with levels determined by nested HIV polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The infectivity assay demonstrated a reduction index of at least 4.5 log10, while PCR showed an average 1.7 log10. Large amounts of HIV-1 RNA (10(5)) were still detectable by PCR in samples in which infectivity assays failed to detect any HIV-1. These data suggest that HIV-1 PCR levels do not parallel HIV-1 infectivity levels during virus-inactivation procedures involved in coagulation factor concentrate production. PCR was able to detect the RNA associated with inactivated HIV-1 particles in the factor concentrates, which allows the conclusion that PCR is not a useful test with which to monitor virus-inactivation procedures such as heating at 80 degrees C for 72 hours. This judgment contrasts with the more definite and sensitive role of PCR in diagnosing HIV-1 infection in patients in whom a positive HIV-1 PCR result correlates with active HIV-1 infection and with PCR's usefulness in monitoring virus removal.
Cxcl5/Cxcr2 Modulates Inflammation-Mediated Neural Repair After Optic Nerve Injury (2020)

Abstract BackgroundPrevious studies reported that mild inflammation promotes retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival and axonal regeneration after optic nerve (ON) injury with involvement of infiltrating macrophages and neutrophils. Here we aimed to evaluate the involvement and regulation of the main inflammatory chemokine pathway Cxcl5/Cxcr2 in the inflammation-mediated RGC survival and axonal regeneration in mice after ON injury.MethodsThe expressions and cellular locations of Cxcl5 and Cxcr2 were confirmed in mouse retina. Treatment effects of recombinant Cxcl5 and Cxcr2 antagonist SB225002 were studied in the explant culture and the ON injury model with or without lens injury. The number of RGCs, regenerating axons, and inflammatory cells were determined, and the activation of Akt and Stat3 signaling pathways evaluated. ResultsCxcr2 and Cxcl5 expressions were increased after ON and lens injury. Addition of recombinant Cxcl5 promoted RGC survival and neurite outgrowth in retinal explant culture with increase in the number of activated microglia, which was inhibited by SB225002 or clodronate liposomes. Recombinant Cxcl5 also alleviated RGC death and promoted axonal regeneration in mice after ON injury, and promoted the lens injury-induced RGC protection with increase in the number of activated microglia. SB225002 inhibited lens injury-induced cell infiltration and activation, and attenuated the promotion effect on RGC survival and axonal regeneration through reduction of lens injury-induced Akt activation.ConclusionsCxcl5 promotes RGC survival and axonal regeneration after ON injury and further enhances RGC protection induced by lens injury through microglia activation, which is attenuated by Cxcr2 antagonist. Cxcl5/Cxcr2 should be a potential therapeutic target for RGC survival promotion after ON injury.
Immunochemical analysis of heat-shock protein synthesis in maize (Zea mays L.) (1986)

Polyclonal antibodies to 18-kilodalton (kDa) heat-shock proteins (HSPs) and to the high molecular weight (73 000 – 89 000) HSPs from 5- day-old maize plumules have been produced in rabbits. The antisera to high molecular weight HSPs show minor cross-reactivity to proteins of similar molecular mass in not heat-shocked tissues, while antisera to 18-kDa HSPs react only with this 18-kDa HSP class. HSPs of similar molecular mass and isoelectric points in maize plumules, mesocotyls, radicles, and young leaves also have similar antigenic determinants based on positive reactions with antisera to plumule HSPs. Among 13 maize inbreds and genetic stocks tested, differences were noted in the amount of immunoprecipitable 18-kDa HSPs. Antisera to maize plumule HSPs also showed cross-reactivity with similar-sized HSPs from pea epicotyls and soybean hypocotyls but not with HSPs from several animal tissues.Key words: polyclonal antibodies, maize, heat-shock.
[ECG-controlled placement of central venous catheters in patients with atrial fibrillation]. (1989)

Some workers state that sinus rhythm is essential for electrocardiographic placement of central venous catheters. We performed a prospective study to compare location control by ECG and by chest X-ray in 40 patients with absolute arrhythmia and atrial fibrillation. The criteria accepted as allowing the assumption of an intracardiac position of the catheter tip were: (1) Abrupt appearance of high-voltage P-waves when the right atrium (RA) was entered and their brisk disappearance when pulling the catheter back into the vena cava superior (VCS) and/or (2) a change in configuration and voltage of the QRS complex on withdrawal of the catheter from the right ventricle (RV). After establishment of an intracardiac position, the catheter was withdrawn until the ECG changed to show a trace identical to that seen before it had entered the heart. Then, in this study, the correct central venous position was confirmed by chest X-ray. The intravascular ECG revealed a correct placement of the catheter tip in the VCS in all patients but one. In this patient who had severe dysrhythmia, an intracardiac ECG could not be obtained, although the chest X-ray showed a correct position of the catheter in the VCS. While false-negative results (where an intracardiac catheter position cannot be documented although the catheter is in a central venous position) occasionally do occur, false-positive results (with ECG suggesting an intracardiac location read, though the catheter tip is actually in a peripheral vein) are virtually impossible.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Approximate factorization of polynomials over Z (2009)

We propose three algorithms for approximate factorization of univariate polynomials over Z; the first one uses sums of powers of roots (SPR method), the second one utilizes factor-differentiated polynomials (FD method), and the third one is a robust but slow method. The SPR method is applicable to monic polynomials well but it is almost useless for non-monic polynomials unless their leading coefficients are sufficiently small. The FD method is applicable to both monic and non-monic polynomials, but it also becomes useless if both the leading and the tail coefficients increase. The third one is applicable to any polynomial factorizable approximately over Z, but it is slow. We discuss two types of polynomials which are ill-conditioned for rootfinding, Wilkinson-type polynomials and polynomials with close roots. Furthermore, we consider briefly approximate factorization of multivariate polynomials over Z.
Misunderstandings about link adaptation for frequency selective fading channels (2003)

Modern wireless communication standards like HiperLAN/2 or IEEE 802.11a provide a high degree of flexibility on the physical layer (PHY) allowing the data link control (DLC) layer to choose transmission parameters with respect to the currently observed link quality. This possibility of so-called link adaptation (LA) is also a key element for meeting quality of service (QoS) requirements of higher layers. Most LA algorithms take an estimate of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) or carrier-to-interference ratio (CIR), respectively, as the only input from the PHY layer. For frequency selective channels, however, the SNR alone does not adequately describe the channel quality. It is shown in this paper that system performance can be significantly improved if the LA scheme is based on a more detailed description of the channel situation. Methods for selecting the PHY mode based on the estimated channel transfer function are presented and compared to conventional algorithms.
Effects of relaxin on systemic arterial hemodynamics and mechanical properties in conscious rats: sex dependency and dose response (2004)

We previously showed that chronic administration of recombinant human relaxin (rhRLX; 4 microg/h) to conscious female, nonpregnant rats to reach serum levels corresponding to early to midgestation (approximately 20 ng/ml) increases cardiac output (CO) and global arterial compliance (AC) and decreases systemic vascular resistance (SVR), comparable to changes observed in midterm pregnancy. The goals of this study were to test whether chronic administration of rhRLX (4 microg/h) to conscious male rats will yield similar changes in CO and systemic arterial load and to determine whether higher infusion rates of rhRLX (50 microg/h) administered to nonpregnant female rats yielding serum concentrations corresponding to late pregnancy ( approximately 80 ng/ml) will further modify CO and SVR and global AC comparable to late gestation. CO and systemic arterial load, as quantified by SVR and AC, were obtained by using the same methods as in our previous studies. With respect to baseline, chronic rhRLX administration to male rats over 10 days at 4 mug/h increased both CO (20.5 +/- 4.2%) and AC (19.4 +/- 6.9%) and reduced SVR (12.7 +/- 3.9%). These results were comparable to those elicited by the hormone in nonpregnant female rats. In contrast, neither acute (over 4 h) nor chronic (over 6 days) infusion of the higher dose of rhRLX administered to conscious female rats resulted in significant changes in CO, AC, or SVR from baseline. We conclude that 1) rhRLX increases CO and AC and reduces SVR irrespective of sex, and 2) the rhRLX dose response is biphasic insofar as significant alterations in CO and systemic arterial load fail to occur at high serum concentrations.
Isolation of Some Glycosides as Aroma Precursors in Young Leaves of Japanese Pepper (Xanthoxylum piperitum DC.) (2001)

To clarify the formation mechanism for the major alcoholic aroma compounds in young leaves of Japanese pepper, the glycosides were isolated as aroma precursors. The presence of glycosides of the main alcoholic aroma constituents was indirectly determined by enzymatic hydrolysis and trifluoroacetylation (TFA) of the glycoside-containing fraction. After Amberlite XAD-2 column chromatography, ODS flash chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), two new compounds, namely, (3S,6S)-cis-linalool-3,7-oxide beta-D-glucopyranoside and 2-methylpropanyl 6-O-beta-D-apiofuranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside, were isolated. In addition, (3S,6R)-cis-linalool-3,6-oxide beta-D-glucopyranoside, which absolute configuration was the first determined, and six known glycosides, citronellyl beta-D-glucopyranoside, linalyl 6-O-beta-D-apiofuranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside, (Z)-3-hexenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside, benzyl 6-O-beta-D-apiofuranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside, dendranthemoside A, and 3,6-dihydroxy-5,6-dihydro-beta-ionol 9-beta-D-glucopyranoside, were isolated. All of these glycosides were isolated for the first time from the leaves of Japanese pepper. Their structures were established on the basis of spectral data and chemical evidence. The ratios of stereoisomers of the aglycon moieties of citronellyl beta-D-glucopyranoside and linalyl 6-O-beta-D-apiofuranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside were investigated by a chiral GC analysis and compared with those of free citronellol and linalool in the aroma concentrate.
Basic research and clinical applications of bisphosphonates in bone disease: what have we learned over the last 40 years? (2013)

It is now 40 years since bisphosphonates (BPs) were first used in the clinic. So, it is timely to provide a brief review of what we have learned about these agents in bone disease. BPs are bone-specific and have been classified into two major groups on the basis of their distinct molecular modes of action: amino-BPs and non-amino-BPs. The amino-BPs are more potent and they inhibit farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPPS), a key enzyme of the mavalonate/cholesterol biosynthetic pathway, while the non-amino-BPs inhibit osteoclast activity, by incorporation into non-hydrolyzable analogs of ATP. Both amino-BPs and non-amino-BPs can protect osteoblasts and osteocytes against apoptosis. The BPs are widely used in the clinic to treat various diseases characterized by excessive bone resorption, including osteoporosis, myeloma, bone metastasis, Legg-Perthes disease, malignant hyperparathyroidism, and other conditions featuring bone fragility. This review provides insights into some of the adverse effects of BPs, such as gastric irritation, osteonecrosis of the jaw, atypical femoral fractures, esophageal cancer, atrial fibrillation, and ocular inflammation. In conclusion, this review covers the biochemical and molecular mechanisms of action of BPs in bone, particularly the discovery that BPs have direct anti-apoptotic effects on osteoblasts and osteocytes, and the current situation of BP use in the clinic.
Conditions of Elaboration of Luminescent Porous Silicon from Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon (1996)

We present a systematic study of the preparation and properties of porous silicon obtained by anodic etching of device-grade hydrogenated amorphous silicon. Highly luminescent porous material is produced from boron-doped films and, by hole injection, from undoped films. A striking difference between amorphous and crystalline Si lies in an electrochemical instability which limits the maximum obtainable thickness in porous material. The luminescence mechanism for porous $a$-Si:H appears to be markedly different from that of its crystalline counterpart.
Annular Vortex Generation for Inertial Fusion Energy Beam-Line Protection (2003)

The use of swirling annular vortex flow inside beam entrance tubes can protect beam-line structural materials in chambers for heavy-ion inertial fusion energy (IFE) applications. An annular wall jet, or vortex tube, is generated by injecting liquid tangent to the inner surface of a tube wall with both axially and azimuthally directed velocity components. A layer of liquid then lines the beam tube wall, which may improve the effectiveness of neutron shielding, and condenses and removes vaporized coolant that may enter the beam tubes. Vortex tubes have been constructed and tested with a thickness of three-tenths the pipe radius. Analysis of the flow is given, along with experimental examples of vortex tube fluid mechanics and an estimate of the layer thickness, based on simple mass conservation considerations.
Procaryotic and eucaryotic traits of DNA methylation in spiroplasmas (mycoplasmas) (1985)

Differences in the type of base methylated (cytosine or adenine) and in the extent of methylation were detected by high-pressure liquid chromatography in the DNAs of five spiroplasmas. Nearest neighbor analysis and digestion by restriction enzyme isoschizomers also revealed differences in methylation sequence specificity. Whereas in Spiroplasma floricola and Spiroplasma sp. strain PPS-1 5-methylcytosine was found on the 5' side of each of the four major bases, the cytosine in Spiroplasma apis DNA was methylated only when its 3' neighboring base was adenine or thymine. In Spiroplasma sp. strain MQ-1 over 95% of the methylated cytosine was in C-G sequences. Essentially all of the C-G sequences in the MQ-1 DNA were methylated. Partially purified extracts of S. apis and Spiroplasma sp. strain MQ-1 were used to study substrate and sequence specificity of the methylase activity. Methylation by the MQ-1 enzyme was exclusively at C-G sequences, resembling in this respect eucaryotic DNA methylases. However, the MQ-1 methylase differed from eucaryotic methylases by showing high activity on nonmethylated DNA duplexes, low activity with hemimethylated DNA duplexes, and no activity on single-stranded DNA.
A predictive model for advertiser value-per-click in sponsored search (2013)

Sponsored search is a form of online advertising where advertisers bid for placement next to search engine results for specific keywords. As search engines compete for the growing share of online ad spend, it becomes important for them to understand what keywords advertisers value most, and what characteristics of keywords drive value. In this paper we propose an approach to keyword value prediction that draws on advertiser bidding behavior across the terms and campaigns in an account. We provide original insights into the structure of sponsored search accounts that motivate the use of a hierarchical modeling strategy. We propose an economically meaningful loss function which allows us to implicitly fit a linear model for values given observables such as bids and click-through rates. The model draws on demographic and textual features of keywords and takes advantage of the hierarchical structure of sponsored search accounts. Its predictive quality is evaluated on several high-revenue and high-exposure advertising accounts on a major search engine. Besides the general evaluation of advertiser welfare, our approach has potential applications to keyword and bid suggestion.
Direct Determination of Grain Growth Behavior in Zinc Oxide with Added Barium Oxide (1989)

Grain growth behavior in ZnO with 4 to 12 wt% BaCO 3 (3.12 to 9.59 wt% BaO) added was studied by a new method, in which the sintered specimen was treated with boiling water to separate the grains by dissolving the grain‐boundary phase. The separated grains were examined with SEM to obtain quasi‐three‐dimensional information on the grain shape, size, and size distribution. The grains had a rounded shape, and the size distribution was found to be lognormal.
Variation in the 3-Hydroxyl-3-Methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase Gene Is Associated With Racial Differences in Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Response to Simvastatin Treatment (2008)

HMGCR gene polymorphisms are associated with reduced plasma LDL-C and LDL-C response to simvastatin, and these effects are most evident in blacks.
SEAWOLF Design for Modular Construction (1992)

There has been much discussion on designing for producibility, new and innovative construction techniques, changing traditional relationships between engineering design and construction planning, and the requirement for new design products providing information beyond the class design system viewpoint to support the construction of interim products. The purpose of this paper is to continue this dialogue and provide some insight into how the design process has changed by offering for discussion, information, or use the specific process that the SEAWOLF design agent is using today in the development of sectional construction drawings.
A novel improved extreme learning machine algorithm in solving ordinary differential equations by Legendre neural network methods (2018)

This paper develops a Legendre neural network method (LNN) for solving linear and nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs), system of ordinary differential equations (SODEs), as well as classic Emden–Fowler equations. The Legendre polynomial is chosen as a basis function of hidden neurons. A single hidden layer Legendre neural network is used to eliminate the hidden layer by expanding the input pattern using Legendre polynomials. The improved extreme learning machine (IELM) algorithm is used for network weights training when solving algebraic equation systems, and several algorithm steps are summed up. Convergence was analyzed theoretically to support the proposed method. In order to demonstrate the performance of the method, various testing problems are solved by the proposed approach. A comparative study with other approaches such as conventional methods and latest research work reported in the literature are described in detail to validate the superiority of the method. Experimental results show that the proposed Legendre network with IELM algorithm requires fewer neurons to outperform the numerical algorithm in the latest literature in terms of accuracy and execution time.