gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Different Planting Patterns on the Growth and Yield of Maize and Soybean in Northwest China (2021)

Aboveground and belowground interactions are crucial in the over-yielding of intercropping systems. However, the relative effects of aboveground and belowground interactions on yields in maize (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max) intercropping systems are still unclear. Field experiments, including measurements of plant height, soil-plant analysis development (SPAD) value, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), root length density (RLD), root volume density (RVD), and grain yield, were conducted in 2018-2019 to analyze the advantages and effects of above-ground and belowground inter-species interactions. This study adopted three different planting patterns: mono-cropping maize (MM), mono-cropping soybeans (MS), and maize-soybean intercropping (IM and IS). This study showed that intercropping promotes the growth of maize and makes maize have a better photosynthetic environment, while the growth of intercropping soybeans is inhibited and the photosynthetic environment becomes worse. In the upper layer (0-40 cm) and close to the plants, the root growth and distribution of intercropped maize increased, resulting in greater root length density and volume density, while the root growth and distribution of intercropped soybean decreased, resulting in lower root length density and volume density. The intercropping increased the maize yield by 18.52-19.8%, and reduced the soybean yield by 55.87-57.44%. The results indicated that intercropping improves the competitiveness of maize and reduces the competitiveness of soybeans. The increase in maize yield made up for the loss of soybean yield and led to an overall significant advantage in the maize-soybean intercropping system.
An MIQP-based heuristic for Optimal Coordination of Vehicles at Intersections (2018)

The problem of coordinating automated vehicles at intersections can be formulated as an optimal control problem which is inherently difficult to solve, due to its combinatorial nature. In this paper, we propose a two-stage approximation algorithm based on a previously presented decomposition. The procedure (a) first solves a Mixed Integer Quadratic Program (MIQP) to compute an approximate solution to the combinatorial part of the problem, i.e. the order in which the vehicles cross the intersection; then (b), solves a Nonlinear Program (NLP) for the optimal state and control trajectories. We demonstrate the performance of the algorithm through extensive simulation, and show that it greatly outperforms the natural First-Come- First-Served heuristic.
Supplementary Table from Concurrent Inhibition of ERK and Farnesyltransferase Suppresses the Growth of HRAS Mutant Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2023)

Supplementary Table from Concurrent Inhibition of ERK and Farnesyltransferase Suppresses the Growth of HRAS Mutant Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Endemic Human T Cell Leukemia Virus Type II Infection in Southwestern US Indians Involves Two Prototype Variants of Virus (1993)

Human T cell leukemia virus (HTLV) type II is endemic in certain American Indians, and high rates of infection occur in intravenous drug users (IVDUs). North American IVDUs are infected with two distinct variants, HTLV-IIa and -IIb. If IVDUs became infected as a result of interaction with members of an American Indian population, both viral forms should be demonstrable in such populations. Nucleotide sequence analysis of 630 bases of the env gene encoding the gp21 protein was done on DNA from 12 New Mexico Indians (8 Pueblo, 4 Navajo). All samples were typical subtype a or b viruses. Seven of the 8 Pueblo and 2 of 4 Navajo had subtype b; the rest had subtype a. The results are compatible with an indigenous New World origin for both subtypes of HTLV-II.
Determination and application of biogenic silica in lake sediments:An example from Huguangyan maar lake, southern China (2000)

The content of biogenic silica preserved in lacustrine sediments isa useful productivity index, which has been used in recently studies of the paleoenvironment and paleoclimate. On the basis of technique and method of a rapid wet alkaline extraction procedure from Mortlock and Froelich, a method of measurement of biogenic silica in lake sediments is developed, and it was applied tomeasure biogenic silica content in Core B from Huguangyan maar lake, southern China. The method is reliable and with a small variability. The record of biogenic silica in Maar Lake, Huguangyan reflects changes in diatom productivity in thelake and provides information regarding changes in paleoclimatic conditions. The data show the rapid climate shifts seen in central Greenland ice cores during the last deglaciation, and imply that paleoclimatic conditions were warmer and wetter from 13 6 to 11 3 ka B.P. (Blling Allerd), 10 1 to 8 3 ka B.P. when the content of biogenic silica were greater, and relatively dry and cool from 17 6 to 13 6 ka B.P., 11 3 to 10 1 ka B.P. (Younger Dryas) when that of biogenicsilica were lower. These results demonstrate that the contents of biogenic silica in lake sediments carry a valuable paleoclimatic record of changes in the low latitude continental region.
Nanocellulose films with multiple functional nanoparticles in confined spatial distribution (2019)

Laminated multifunctional bacterial cellulose nanocomposite with a millefeuille topographic distribution of inorganic nanoparticles.
Teaching Soft Skills to ECE Students (2010)

This paper summarizes techniques, methodologies, and processes used to teach soft skills to electrical and computer engineering students at Lafayette College. A quarter of the curriculum is devoted to broad education, and a substantial portion of the engineering courses including senior design devote adequate time to teaching, assessing, and improving non-technical skills of our graduates. The common term for these skills is "soft skills" and they include cross-cultural, legal awareness, language, entrepreneurship, ethical, political, management, economic, and interpersonal skills. While we have an ad-hoc approach to teaching some skills, we do have a systematic well established and continually assessed approach to teaching others. We have developed courses, lectures, and small programs to support learning and enhancing these skills. Some of the failed attempts are briefly discussed, but the focus is on what works, and how to improve it.
A Port-Based Agent Approach to Guiding Concept Generation for Customizing Modular Varieties (2010)

As the description of design requirements at the earlier design stage is inaccurate and vague, it is difficult to figure out functional structure of a product and make sense product configuration. Therefore, it plays an important role to formally represent the process of design for product development in the conceptual design stage. Furthermore, port, as the location of intended interaction, is crucial to capture component concept and realize conceptual design for multi-solution generation. Agent is considered as an effective approach to collaboratively implementing design problem solving and reasoning. Combining both port and agent may be employed to generate new concepts of the product in order to customize product scheme varieties. In this paper, the product module attributes are firstly described. The objective is to implement modeling of design process for obtaining system new concepts to guide multi-solution generation. Secondly, an effective approach to decomposing design process is presented to describe the process of structure generations and product decomposition by formal representation. According to properties of modularity for product development and component connections, we can calculate the number of component connections and density of components. In addition, product module division and coupling degree analysis are conducted, and coupling degrees are calculated by considering the correspondence ratio and the cluster independence. A port-based knowledge building process is described for functional modeling. A port-agent collaborative design framework is given and describes different agent functions to help designers to obtain new design schemes. Finally, a case study is presented to describe the modeling process of conceptual design.
A Competing Risks Model for Degradation and Traumatic Failure Times (2008)

We are interested here in some failure times due to wear or aging. The main aim is to jointly model the degradation process and one (or more) associated failure time(s). Two main joint models exist. The first one considers a failure time which is directly defined by the degradation process (degradation failure) as a hitting time of growth curve with random coefficients; the second one considers that the degradation influences the hazard rate of a failure time by a conditional definition of its survival function (traumatic failure). When both modes of failure exist, only the first one is observed. Very often, longitudinal observations of degradation values (measured with error) are available for each item until the first failure. We are mainly interested here in the nonparametric estimation of the cumulative intensity function of the traumatic failure time and related reliability characteristics.
Protective effects of fisetin and other berry flavonoids in Parkinson's disease (2017)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is an age-associated degenerative disease of the midbrain that results from the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. It initially presents as a movement disorder with cognitive and other behavioral problems appearing later in the progression of the disease. Current therapies for PD only delay the onset or reduce the motor symptoms. There are no treatments to stop the nerve cell death or to cure the disease. It is becoming increasingly clear that neurological diseases such as PD are multi-factorial involving disruptions in multiple cellular systems. Thus, it is unlikely that modulating only a single factor will be effective at either preventing disease development or slowing disease progression. A better approach is to identify small molecules that have multiple biological activities relevant to the maintenance of brain function. Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds that are widely distributed in fruits and vegetables and therefore regularly consumed in the human diet. While flavonoids were historically characterized on the basis of their antioxidant and free radical scavenging effects, more recent studies have shown that flavonoids have a wide range of activities that could make them particularly effective as agents for the treatment of PD. In this article, the multiple physiological benefits of flavonoids in the context of PD are first reviewed. Then, the evidence for the beneficial effects of the flavonol fisetin in models of PD are discussed. These results, coupled with the known actions of fisetin, suggest that it could reduce the impact of PD on brain function.
Coherent All-PM Fiber Frequency Comb Source at 2.03 &micro;m and 100 MHz Emitting Broadband Pulses at up to 290 mW and 128 fs Pulse Duration (2014)

We report on a compact coherent All-PM fiber laser amplifier system at around 2.03 mm running at 100 MHz delivering broadband pulses at 290 mW average power and pulse duration down to 128 fs.
Clogging Mechanisms of Vortex Pumps: Fibrous Material Motion Capture and Simulation With a CFD and DEM Coupling Method (2018)

Since wastewater pumps used in sewage systems have a trade-off relationship between non-clogging ability and efficiency, many internal flow and performance estimation studies so far have focused on optimizing both parameters. Here we focus on vortex pumps with a large space that allows foreign matters to pass through inside the casing that are used as sewage pumps. In this paper, using experimental and numerical methods, we clarified clogging mechanism in the pumps using CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics), Motion Capture and PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) method. Firstly, since it was difficult to observe the motion of foreign matter in the pumps, a simple experimental apparatus was built to quantify it. Five cylindrical rods were set in a rectangular water passage made of acrylic that has an 80mm*80mm cross section. The motion of strings in the passage was studied with experiments and computations. Strings were chosen as foreign matter because they are comparatively easy to compute and experiment with compared to fabric for example. In the experiments, the motion of strings could be recorded with a high-speed video camera and their motions were quantified with two-dimensional motion capture system. In the computations, the motion of strings was simulated using DEM (Discrete Element Method) in the CFD software STAR-CCM+ by connecting particles with straight lines and coupling CFD with DEM. It is a numerical value method in which the motion and interaction of a large number of disintegrating objects is simulated. Its characteristic is that the point of contact between the particles is included in the equation of motion. Particles are connected by massless rods. These rods transmit force and momentum to each particle. Furthermore, the force between each particle is computed of the interaction between soft-particles and their bonding strength. In order to formulate the contact force between the particles, the spring-dashpot system is used. In addition, the optimal parameters of the DEM particles were obtained by conducting a parameter study. We confirmed that the motion of the strings in the flow direction coincided with at a high precision in the passage. Furthermore, by applying the computational method with the above results, we were able to simulate the motion of strings in a vortex pump. We found that strings were pulled back into the pump by the backflow in the tongue of the pump. This backflow was observed using PIV results, providing experimental confirmation of this mechanism. Moreover, we were able to simulate the motions of fibrous materials in the passage and vortex pump.
On Two Infinite Families of Pairing Bijections (2013)

We describe two general mechanisms for producing pairing bijections (bijective functions defined from N x N to N). The first mechanism, using n-adic valuations results in parameterized algorithms generating a countable family of distinct pairing bijections. The second mechanism, using characteristic functions of subsets of N provides 2^N distinct pairing bijections. Mechanisms to combine such pairing functions and their application to generate families of permutations of N are also described. The paper uses a small subset of the functional language Haskell to provide type checked executable specifications of all the functions defined in a literate programming style. The self-contained Haskell code extracted from the paper is available at http://logic.cse.unt.edu/tarau/research/2012/infpair.hs .
Temporary Hemodialysis Catheters as a Long‐term Vascular Access in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients (2005)

The objective was to review our experience with temporary, precurved, jugular catheters used for long-term vascular access in chronic hemodialysis patients. Thirty chronic hemodialysis patients, 14 men and 16 women, with an average age of 65.3 +/- 13.5 years (30-90 years), treated by dialysis for 1 month to 30 years (average +/- SD, 6.3 +/- 8.1 years), had single lumen, 'temporary' precurved non-tunneled jugular catheters placed into the right jugular vein as permanent vascular access, with 4% trisodium citrate as a locking solution and mupirocin at the exit site. Hemodialysis catheters were used for vascular access on average for 9.1 +/- 6.5 months, (1-22.7 months), and for a total of 271.7 months (8151 days). Average catheter functioning time was 3.1 +/- 1.9 months (0.5-10 months). The total number of side-effects was 55 (6.7/1000 catheter days), including 26 cases of thrombosis (3.2/1000 catheter days), 9 ruptures of the catheter (1.1/1000 catheter days), 15 catheter malfunctions (1.8/1000 catheter days), 2 exit site infections (0.2/1000 catheter days), 2 bacteremias (0.2/1000 catheter days), 1 avulsion of the catheter (0.1/1000 catheter days), and 2 catheters were removed because an AV fistula was successfully used. In 21 patients single-needle hemodialysis was performed, mean blood flow 251 +/- 16 mL/min (250-300), mean Kt/V 0.96 +/- 0.16 (0.72-1.27) and in 9 patients double-needle hemodialysis was performed (catheter and peripheral vein) with mean blood flow 252 +/- 14 mL/min (200-300), mean Kt/V 1.63 +/- 0.25 (1.21-1.96). 'Temporary' jugular single lumen non-tunneled hemodialysis catheters, with 4% citrate as locking solution and mupirocin ointment at the exit site provided good long-term vascular access with acceptable functioning time and low infection rate. The main reasons for catheter exchange or removal were malfunction and mechanical damage of the catheter.
Guided Differentiation of Mature Kidney Podocytes from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Under Chemically Defined Conditions (2020)

Kidney disease affects more than 10% of the global population and costs billions of dollars in federal expenditures. The most severe forms of kidney disease and eventual end-stage renal failure are often caused by the damage to the glomerular podocytes, which are the highly specialized epithelial cells that function together with endothelial cells and the glomerular basement membrane to form the kidney's filtration barrier. Advances in renal medicine have been hindered by the limited availability of primary tissues and the lack of robust methods for the derivation of functional human kidney cells, such as podocytes. The ability to derive podocytes from renewable sources, such as stem cells, could help advance current understanding of the mechanisms of human kidney development and disease, as well as provide new tools for therapeutic discovery. The goal of this protocol was to develop a method to derive mature, post-mitotic podocytes from human induced pluripotent stem (hiPS) cells with high efficiency and specificity, and under chemically defined conditions. The hiPS cell-derived podocytes produced by this method express lineage-specific markers (including nephrin, podocin, and Wilm's Tumor 1) and exhibit the specialized morphological characteristics (including primary and secondary foot processes) associated with mature and functional podocytes. Intriguingly, these specialized features are notably absent in the immortalized podocyte cell line widely used in the field, which suggests that the protocol described herein produces human kidney podocytes that have a developmentally more mature phenotype than the existing podocyte cell lines typically used to study human kidney biology.
Electrochemical behavior and passivation of current collectors in lithium-ion batteries (2011)

This paper examines several metals that are commonly employed as current collectors of positive and negative electrodes for rechargeable lithium batteries. Current collectors must be electrochemically stable when in contact with the cell component during the potential operation window of an electrode. Various electrochemical techniques have been used to investigate the corrosion of current collector materials. In practice, continued corrosion of current collectors leads to a gradual increase in the internal resistance of cells, which causes the capacity to fade gradually. Corrosion of the current collector may induce a short-circuit, affecting its safety. Thus, the formation of thick and compact, protective passive film on the metal surface is highly important so as to ensure battery performance and safety. Depending on the salts and additives, different types of protective films are formed. The solubility of these surface layers in the electrolyte is a determining factor in the overall stability of the current collector. In this review, we introduce the electrochemical behavior and protective film formation processes of various metallic current collectors in representative electrolytes.
A FARM-LEVEL LOOK AT THE FUTURE OF AMERICAN AGRICULTURE (2000)

Relatively low crop prices over the past two years, as well as regional weather adversity, has been the catalyst for the passage of "ad hoc" emergency relief. This paper examines the economic and financial status of 41 representative panel farms over the 1999-2002 period. When forecasting through the life of the 1996 Farm Bill, the representative crop farms are assessed by Texas A&amp;M's Agricultural and Food Policy Center to be in the weakest condition observed over the last decade for liquidity and the related need to refinance.
Risk factors for infection with Leishmania chagasi in a population from an American visceral leishmaniasis-endemic area in the municipality of Raposa, Maranhão (2012)

Introduction: A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the risk factors for infection with Leishmania chagasi in the municipality of Raposa, Maranhao, Brazil. Methods: The sample comprised 96% of the inhabitants of the villages of Maresia, Pantoja and Marisol located in the municipality of Raposa, corresponding to 1359 subjects. Data were collected using a questionnaire. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were applied to evaluate the association between the variables studied and visceral leishmaniasis infection. Results: The variables associated with infection upon nonadjusted analysis were a straw roof, mud walls, floors of beaten earth, presence of sand flies inside/outside the dwelling, and bathing outdoors. Adjusted analysis showed that the presence of sand flies inside/outside the dwelling was a risk factor and age younger than 10 years was a protective factor against asymptomatic infection. Conclusion: The results highlight the extent to which precarious living conditions of the population strengthen the epidemiological chain of visceral leishmaniasis.
Development of Materials Resistant to Wear and Corrosion for Mechanical-Face-Seal Applications. (1974)

Two new compositions of hard-facing alloys and one cermet were developed as corrosion- and wear-resistant materials for mechanical-face-seal applications. After showing excellent resistance to localized corrosion, in a newly developed laboratory test, the hard-facing alloys were fabricated in the form of weld rods by a casting process and in the form of powders by an atomization process. The weld rods were used with the gas tungsten-arc process to make successful weld deposits on Inconel 625 coupons. The powders were applied by a plasma weld-surfacing technique to Inconel 625. A special cermet was developed for possible use as a mechanical-face-seal wearing surface. The cermet showed excellent properties in wear tests and in laboratory and sea-water corrosion tests. (Modified author abstract)
Attenuation Values, Volume Changes and Artifacts in Tissue Due to Freezing (1987)

Freezing of animal and human tissue may change their shape, size and other physical properties such as attenuation of roentgen rays. In correlative radiologic-anatomic studies such artifacts are potential sources of inaccuracy. In fluid phantoms changes of computed tomography (CT) numbers and volume were measured before and after freezing. Frozen saline decreased in attenuation by 80 Hounsfield units (HU) and increased in volume by 9 per cent. Pure soy oil increased in attenuation by 40 HU after freezing and shrank in volume by 4 per cent. Emulsions of 10, 20 and 30 per cent lipid expanded in inverse relationship to the changes in attenuation. In animal and human tissue, changes in CT number of -80 to +55 HU were measured and changes in volume of -6 to +9 per cent were calculated. The attenuation of the vitreous body in the eye decreased by 80 HU and its volume was calculated to increase by 8 to 9 per cent. In the muscle and spinal cord the attenuation decreased by 40 to 60 HU, corresponding to the increase in volume of 4 to 6 per cent. Attenuation of fat was increased by 55 HU after freezing and a decrease in volume of 5 to 6 per cent was calculated. Deformation of soft tissue and herniation of the cerebellar tonsils into the foramen magnum were observed. Most anatomic, freezing artifacts can be avoided by careful preparation.