gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermochemistry of Framework Titanosilicate A 2 TiSi 6 O 15 (A=K, Rb, Cs) (2005)

A new family of framework titanosilicates, A 2 TiSi 6 O 15 (A=K, Rb, Cs) (space group Cc ), has recently been synthesized using the hydrothermal method. This group of phases can potentially be utilized for storage of radioactive elements, particularly 137 Cs, due to its high stability under electron radiation and chemical leaching. Here, we report the syntheses and structures of two intermediate members in the series: KRbTiSi 6 O 15 and RbCsTiSi 6 O 15 . Rietveld analysis of powder synchrotron X‐ray diffraction data reveals that they adopt the same framework topology as the end‐members, with no apparent Rb/K or Rb/Cs ordering. To study energetics of the solid solution series, high‐temperature drop‐solution calorimetry using molten 2PbO·B 2 O 3 as the solvent at 975 K has been performed for the end‐members and intermediate phases. As the size of the alkali cation increases, the measured enthalpies of formation from the constituent oxides ( ) and from the elements ( ) become more exothermic, suggesting that this framework structure favors the cation in the sequence Cs + , Rb + , and K + . This trend is consistent with the higher melting temperatures of A 2 TiSi 6 O 15 phases with increase in the alkali cation size.
Abstract B42: Autocrine/paracrine RANKL-RANK signaling promotes cancer bone metastasis and establishes premetastatic niche recruiting bystander cancer cells to participate in the metastatic process (2016)

Abstract RANKL-elicited RANK activity plays critical roles in many biological and pathological conditions, including osteoclast differentiation/bone remodeling, lymph node/thymic development, central thermoregulation and progesterone-driven mammary gland maturation, differentiation and carcinogenesis. RANKL can be derived from osteoblasts, infiltrating inflammatory cells and stromal fibroblasts. We previously showed that malignant prostate cancer (PCa) cells expressed RANKL and that its expression was correlated with clinical PCa progression and bone metastasis. RANKL expression at the single cell level in primary PCa specimens predicts PCa patient survival. We demonstrated RANKL overexpression promoted epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), stem cells, and neuroendocrine (NE) phenotypes of PCa cells through transactivation of c-Myc/Max and AP4 via RANK-mediated signaling and conferred PCa bone and soft tissue metastases in mice. Blockade of RANKL-RANK signaling as well as their downstream regulators abolished the metastasis of PCa induced by RANKL. Furthermore, recombinant RANKL protein alone is sufficient to induce bone colonization and growth of RANKL- and non-metastatic PCa and breast cancer cells. Even a few RANKL+ PCa cells are sufficient to initiate the in vivo metastatic cascade by recruiting non-tumorigenic RANKL- PCa cells to participate in the metastatic process via downstream signaling amplification, implicating metastasis-initiating properties of RANKL-expressing PCa cells. Recently, we further demonstrated that RANKL rendered metastatic potential to breast, lung, renal, and liver cancer cells and promote their metastases to bone and other soft tissues in mice. Collectively, these results demonstrated RANKL is a uniform factor that drives bone metastasis of many different cancers, including prostate, breast, lung, renal, and liver cancers. The autocrine/paracrine RANKL-RANK signaling in cancer cells establishes a premetastatic niche through a “vicious cycle”, inducing RANKL and c-Met expression via activation of c-Myc/Max, and this promotes PCa EMT progression, stem and NE cell properties, and bone and soft tissue metastases. RANKL-expressing cancer cells possess metastasis-initiating potential that recruits and reprograms bystander non-tumorigenic cells to participate in the metastatic process. RANKL expression status therefore offers new insights for dissecting the mechanism by which PCa cells exhibit propensity for bone colonization/metastasis. Citation Format: Gina Chia-Yi Chu, Haiyen E. Zhau, Ruoxiang Wang, Leland W.K. Chung. Autocrine/paracrine RANKL-RANK signaling promotes cancer bone metastasis and establishes premetastatic niche recruiting bystander cancer cells to participate in the metastatic process. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Metastasis; 2015 Nov 30-Dec 3; Austin, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(7 Suppl):Abstract nr B42.
Ischemia-induced nitrotyrosine formation and nuclear translocation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in human retinal pigment epitheliumin vivo (2011)

Reactive oxidative compounds including superoxide anions and nitric oxide are believed to play a central role in many blinding eye diseases. In the present study, we examine the effect of ischemia on human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells in an unusual clinical case. We show that ischemia leads to extensive nitrotyrosine deposition in the RPE and choroid, thus indicating NO-dependent oxidative stress. We also show for the first time the in vivo translocation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase (GAPDH) to the nuclei of RPE cells. This enzyme's nuclear translocation has previously been demonstrated in vitro where it is a marker of apoptosis. Furthermore, nitrotyrosine deposition and GAPDH translocation have been duplicated in vitro using human RPE cells. Thus, nitrotyrosine formation and GAPDH trafficking to the nucleus may be observed during ischemic conditions.
Absorption of erythromycin acistrate and erythromycin base in the fasting and non-fasting state (1988)

Absorption of erythromycin acistrate (EA) and two erythromycin base (EB) preparations (enterotablet A and B) taken after an overnight fast or immediately before a standard breakfast was studied in 29 healthy volunteers in three separate studies, in a cross-over, randomized design. In Study I, the absorption of a single dose (400 mg) of EA was similar in the fasting and non-fasting state. There was, however, more interindividual variation and in two subjects absorption was markedly impaired in the presence of food. Cimetidine given at two doses (400 + 800 mg) had no effect on the pharmacokinetics of erythromycin acistrate. In Study II, the effect of food on the bioavailability of the two EB preparations was studied after a single dose of 500 mg (2 x 250 mg enterocoated tablets) and after multiple dosing (2 x 250 mg tid). When given with a standard breakfast, erythromycin base was significantly better absorbed from enterotablet A than from enterotablet B, whether given as a single dose or in repeated doses. Study III followed the same design as Study II except that the tablet size of both enterotablets A and B was now 500 mg. Even in this study the absorption of enterotablet A was significantly better than that of enterotablet B. EA is adequately absorbed when taken before a meal. Cimetidine does not interfere with its elimination. Concomitant food intake produced considerably dissimilar absorption of two commercially available enterocoated EB preparations. Although at steady-state this was less prominent than after a single dose, it may have some clinical significance.
Alterations in the formation of lipopolysaccharide and membrane vesicles on the surface of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 under oxygen stress conditions (2003)

It has been postulated that phenotypic variation in the relative expression of two chemically distinct types of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a serotype-specific LPS (B-band) and a common antigen LPS (A-band) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important mechanism enabling this opportunistic pathogen to alter its surface characteristics to mediate adhesion and to survive under extreme conditions. To further investigate this, the relative expression levels of the two distinct types of LPS in P. aeruginosa PAO1 were investigated with cells grown in a chemostat at different dissolved oxygen tensions ( p O 2 ). The A-band LPS was constitutively expressed as p O 2 was increased from nearly zero to 350 % of air saturation. In contrast, the B-band LPS showed a remarkable increase with increased p O 2 . Almost no B-band LPS was found in cells grown at a p O 2 of less than 3 % of air saturation. Electron microscopic examination of cells revealed increased formation of membrane vesicles (MVs) on the surface of P. aeruginosa PAO1 under oxygen stress conditions. The toxicity of the supernatant of P. aeruginosa cultures to the growth of a hybridoma cell line significantly increased in samples taken from oxygen-stressed steady-state cultures. Furthermore, studies of adhesion in a continuous-flow biofilm culture revealed an increased adhesiveness for hydrophilic surfaces in P. aeruginosa PAO1 grown at a higher p O 2 . The oxygen-dependent alterations of cell-surface components and properties observed in this work provide a possible explanation for the emergence of P. aeruginosa lacking the B-band LPS in chronically infected cystic fibrosis patients. The results are also useful for understanding the processes involved in the formation of MVs in P. aeruginosa .
Preliminary results of experimental and analytical investigations ofthe tumbling phenomenon for an advanced configuration (1984)

A sustained autorotative pitching motion usually called 'tumbling' has been observed during dynamic model tests of the X-29A configuration. The X-29 is an advanced design incorporating forward-swept wings and canards in a highly relaxed static stability condition. Beginning with a historical review of the tumbling phenomenon, this paper discusses the current experimental results of dynamic model tumbling tests of the X-29 and the initial efforts to establish an aerodynamic and mathematical model for analysis.
Approximate Factoring for A* Search (2007)

We present a novel method for creating A ∗ estimates for structured search problems. In our approach, we project a complex model onto multiple simpler models for which exact inference is efficient. We use an optimization framework to estimate parameters for these projections in a way which bounds the true costs. Similar to Klein and Manning (2003), we then combine completion estimates from the simpler models to guide search in the original complex model. We apply our approach to bitext parsing and lexicalized parsing, demonstrating its effectiveness in these domains. 1
Inverse Electron Demand Diels-Alder Reactions of Heterocyclic Azadienes: [4 + 2] Cycloaddition Reaction of Amidines with 1,3,5-Triazines (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInverse Electron Demand Diels-Alder Reactions of Heterocyclic Azadienes: [4 + 2] Cycloaddition Reaction of Amidines with 1,3,5-TriazinesDale L. Boger and Monica J. KochannyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 17, 4950–4955Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00096a044https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00096a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1671Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Alteration of spectral characteristics of human artery wall caused by 476‐nm laser irradiation (1989)

Fluorescence spectroscopy is a promising new technique for discrimination of normal and atherosclerotic arterial tissues. It has been suggested that this technique be used as a guidance system for laser angiosurgery catheters; however, irradiation by 476-nm light can change the spectroscopic properties of arterial tissue. We present studies that establish intensity levels and exposure times at which alterations in tissue spectral properties are minimal. We also investigate the nature of spectral alterations following exposure of normal human aorta to high intensities of 476-nm laser light. Changes in laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) are characterized by two prominent features: the peak fluorescence intensity decreases permanently, and the fluorescence lineshape changes in a largely reversible way. We relate these changes to alterations in individual tissue chromophores: permanent changes in absolute fluorescence intensity are due to irreversible changes in tissue fluorophores, reversible changes in fluorescence lineshape are due alterations in tissue absorbers. A simple kinetic model is used to describe the decrease in absolute fluorescence intensity.
David L. Fried: bringing vision to atmospheric optics [Invited] (2023)

This paper recognizes the life work of David L. Fried. The goal is to put the relevance of his contributions to atmospheric optics in context from three perspectives: solutions to real world problems as seen by an experimentalist, insights of his analytical process as perceived by co-workers, and his role as a mentor to bright, young minds passionate about a deeper understanding of the governing physics. During his professional career of sixty years from 1962 to 2022, Fried published 106 refereed papers, cited over 6000 times. This paper reviews the impact of Fried's work, especially addressing his contributions to ameliorating the effects of turbulence on optical system performance and the insight this provides into his analytical approach and interactions with colleagues.
The Vacuolar Proton-Cation Exchanger EcNHX1 Generates pH Signals for the Expression of Secondary Metabolism in Eschscholzia californica (2015)

Cell cultures of Eschscholzia californica react to a fungal elicitor by the overproduction of antimicrobial benzophenanthridine alkaloids. The signal cascade toward the expression of biosynthetic enzymes includes (1) the activation of phospholipase A2 at the plasma membrane, resulting in a peak of lysophosphatidylcholine, and (2) a subsequent, transient efflux of vacuolar protons, resulting in a peak of cytosolic H(+). This study demonstrates that one of the Na(+)/H(+) antiporters acting at the tonoplast of E. californica cells mediates this proton flux. Four antiporter-encoding genes were isolated and cloned from complementary DNA (EcNHX1-EcNHX4). RNA interference-based, simultaneous silencing of EcNHX1, EcNHX3, and EcNHX4 resulted in stable cell lines with largely diminished capacities of (1) sodium-dependent efflux of vacuolar protons and (2) elicitor-triggered overproduction of alkaloids. Each of the four EcNHX genes of E. californica reconstituted the lack of Na(+)-dependent H(+) efflux in a Δnhx null mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Only the yeast strain transformed with and expressing the EcNHX1 gene displayed Na(+)-dependent proton fluxes that were stimulated by lysophosphatidylcholine, thus giving rise to a net efflux of vacuolar H(+). This finding was supported by three-dimensional protein homology models that predict a plausible recognition site for lysophosphatidylcholine only in EcNHX1. We conclude that the EcNHX1 antiporter functions in the elicitor-initiated expression of alkaloid biosynthetic genes by recruiting the vacuolar proton pool for the signaling process.
Electrothermal lifetime prediction of polyimide wire insulation with application to aircraft (2013)

ABSTRACT This work investigates the electrothermal lifetime of a commonly used polyimide wire insulation material, Kapton ® , through the use of thermogravimetry (TG) and breakdown voltage testing. From TG, an isoconversional model‐free kinetic evaluation was used to obtain a relationship between the activation energies of degradation for Kapton as a function of weight loss. By relating the electrical life theory and the TG theory through the model defined by Toop ( IEEE Trans. Dielectr. Electr. Insul . 1971, 6, 2), the electrothermal lifetime of Kapton has been calculated for conditions of 12 and 14.7 kV over a temperature range of 250–400°C. The resulting model can be used to make lifetime predictions for wire insulation degradation in aging aircraft for improved safety and risk assessment. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 1639–1644, 2013
Windows Internals - Parts 1 and 2 (2012)

Delve inside Windows architecture and internalsand see how core components work behind the scenes. Led by three renowned internals experts, this classic guide is fully updated for Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2. As always, you get critical insider perspectives on how Windows operates. And through hands-on experiments, youll experience its internal behavior firsthandknowledge you can apply to improve application design, debugging, system performance, and support. You will:Understand how core system and management mechanisms workincluding the object manager, synchronization, Wow64, Hyper-V, and the registry Examine the data structures and activities behind processes, threads, and jobs Go inside the Windows security model to see how it manages access, auditing, and authorization Explore the Windows networking stack from top to bottomincluding APIs, BranchCache, protocol and NDIS drivers, and layered services Dig into internals hands-on using the kernel debugger, performance monitor, and other tools Explore core subsystems for I/O, storage, memory management, cache manager, and file systems Master startup and shutdown processes Learn crash-dump analysis, including troubleshooting tools and techniques
Activation of Endothelial Nitric-oxide Synthase by the p38 MAPK in Response to Black Tea Polyphenols (2004)

Black tea improves endothelial function in patients with coronary artery disease. We sought to determine the responsible components of black tea and elucidate the underlying cell signaling mechanisms. We exposed porcine aortic endothelial cells to components of black tea and found that the polyphenol fraction acutely enhanced nitric oxide bioactivity. This effect involved endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation at Ser-1177 and dephosphorylation at Thr-495, consistent with increased eNOS activity. These effects were calcium-dependent, as removal of extracellular calcium prevented eNOS phosphorylation at Ser-1177, whereas inhibition of intracellular calcium mobilization with TMB-8 blunted Thr-495 dephosphorylation. Black tea polyphenol-induced eNOS activation appeared dependent upon the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt pathway, as it was significantly inhibited by LY294002 and a dominant negative Akt, respectively. Pharmacological inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) with either SB202190 or SB203580 as well as overexpression of a dominant negative p38 MAPKalpha attenuated both eNOS activation and phosphorylation changes in response to black tea polyphenols. Inhibition of p38 MAPKalpha also blunted Akt activation in response to black tea polyphenols, suggesting that p38alpha MAPK is upstream of Akt in this pathway. Finally, a constitutively active mutant of MKK6bE, an upstream kinase for p38 MAPK, enhanced both the basal and stimulated activity of Akt, leading to increased eNOS activity. Taken together, these data identify the p38 MAPK as an upstream component of Akt-mediated eNOS activation.
Influence of Thickness and Contact Area on the Performance of PDMS-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerators (2018)

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are an emerging mechanical energy harvesting technology that was recently demonstrated. Due to their flexibility, they can be fabricated in various configurations and consequently have a large number of applications. Here, we present a study on the influence of the thickness of the triboelectric layer and of the contact surface area between two triboelectrical materials on the electric signals generated by a TENG. Using the PDMS-Nylon tribo-pair, and varying the thickness of the PDMS layer, we demonstrate that the generated voltage decreases with increasing thickness. However, the maximum generated current presents an inverse behaviour, increasing with increasing PDMS thickness. The maximum output power initially increases with increasing PDMS thickness up to 32 um, followed by a sharp decrease. Using the same tribo-pair (but now with a constant PDMS thickness), we verified that increasing the contact surface area between the two tribo-materials increases the electrical signals generated from the triboelectric effect.
Gastric inflammatory markers and interleukins in patients with functional dyspepsia treated with astaxanthin (2007)

The chronic active inflammation caused by Helicobacter pylori is dominated by neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes and plasma cells. Several interleukins are involved in the inflammatory process. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of astaxanthin on gastric inflammation in patients with functional dyspepsia. Forty-four consecutive patients were included, and biopsies were examined for IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, interferon-gamma, CD4, CD8, CD14, CD19, CD25 and CD30. Patients were randomized: 21 patients were treated with 40 mg of astaxanthin daily, and 23 patients were treated with a placebo. There was a significant decrease in gastric inflammation in H. pylori-positive patients from both groups. There were no significant changes in the density of H. pylori or in any of the interleukins during or after treatment. There was a significant up-regulation of CD4 and down-regulation of CD8 in patients with H. pylori treated with astaxanthin. Astaxanthin had an effect on the inflammation and on the density of H. pylori in mice in a study where the diet could be standardized without antioxidants (Bennedsen et al., 1999). These dietary conditions are impossible in studies involving humans, and may be due to the minor effect when the host have access to antioxidants in their diet.
Effect of polybrominated biphenyls on hepatic excretory function in rats and mice. (1978)

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the influence of polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) on hepatic excretory function in developing and adult rats and mice. Prenatal or postnatal dietary exposure to PBBs (50 ppm in diet of pregnant or lactating mother or in diet of rat weanlings) resulted in elevated liver weight in developing rats. In 15-day-old rats that had been treated with PBBs increased liver weight correlated to enhanced ouabain transport from plasma into bile. Liver weight was also elevated in 21, 35, and 49-day-old rats exposed to PBBs, but this effect was not associated with stimulation of ouabain transport in these animals. However, adult rats fed 100 ppm PBBs for two weeks had significantly lower plasma concentrations of sulfobromophthalein (BSP) and increased biliary excretion of BSP, when compared to controls. PBBs-fed adult rats also excreted a greater percentage conjugated BSP (BSP-GSH) into bile. Two week dietary treatment of 100, 150, and 200 ppm PBBs resulted in enhanced initial disappearance of indocyanine green (ICG) from plasma of adult mice. However, dietary doses of 100 and 200 ppm PBBs to adult mice was not associated with enhanced capacity for ouabain excretion. In contrast, treatment with PBBs through the mother's diet (50 ppm) resulted in an almost twofold increase in cumulative ouabain excretion in 15-day-old mice. The results suggest that PBBs stimulate hepatic drug elimination in rats and mice, but the magnitude of the effect is dependent on age and transported compound.