gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synapse-Binding Subpopulations of Aβ Oligomers Sensitive to Peptide Assembly Blockers and scFv Antibodies (2012)

Amyloid β42 self-assembly is complex, with multiple pathways leading to large insoluble fibrils or soluble oligomers. Oligomers are now regarded as most germane to Alzheimer's pathogenesis. We have investigated the hypothesis that oligomer formation itself occurs through alternative pathways, with some leading to synapse-binding toxins. Immediately after adding synthetic peptide to buffer, solutions of Aβ42 were separated by a 50 kDa filter and fractions assessed by SDS-PAGE silver stain, Western blot, immunoprecipitation, and capacity for synaptic binding. Aβ42 rapidly assembled into aqueous-stable oligomers, with similar protein abundance in small (<50 kDa) and large (>50 kDa) oligomer fractions. Initially, both fractions were SDS-labile and resolved into tetramers, trimers, and monomers by SDS-PAGE. Upon continued incubation, the larger oligomers developed a small population of SDS-stable 10-16mers, and the smaller oligomers generated gel-impermeant complexes. The two fractions associated differently with neurons, with prominent synaptic binding limited to larger oligomers. Even within the family of larger oligomers, synaptic binding was associated with only a subset of these species, as a new scFv antibody (NUsc1) immunoprecipitated only a small portion of the oligomers while eliminating synaptic binding. Interestingly, low doses of the peptide KLVFFA blocked assembly of the 10-16mers, and this result was associated with loss of the smaller clusters of oligomers observed at synaptic sites. What distinguishes these smaller clusters from the unaffected larger clusters is not yet known. Results indicate that distinct species of Aβ oligomers are generated by alternative assembly pathways and that synapse-binding subpopulations of Aβ oligomers could be specifically targeted for Alzheimer's therapeutics.
Changes in transcripts of basement components during rat liver development: Increase in laminin messenger RNAs in the neonatal period (1992)

The expression of laminin and type IV collagen messenger RNA in rat liver was investigated in relation to liver development. Levels of messenger RNA for laminin chains A, B1 and B2, and alpha 1 and alpha 2 chains of type IV collagen were studied by Northern-blot and dot-blot analysis. Although the expression of messenger RNAs for laminin B1 and B2 chains was higher in 19-day gestational fetal liver when compared with the adult, the highest level was detected in 15-day newborns. This finding coincides with the final establishment of the mature liver. Laminin A messenger RNA was not detected in the 19-day gestational fetus or in the neonatal period. In contrast, alpha 1-(IV) and alpha 2-(IV) collagen messenger RNAs maintained high levels in the early neonate and then decreased gradually after 15 days. Our findings suggest that during late stages of liver ontogeny the main components of liver basement membrane proteins undergo a significant alteration in their synthesis. The data further suggest that laminin may play a role in the final stages of hepatic differentiation.
A RETRIEVAL ANALYSIS OF MOBILE BEARING KNEES (2003)

Clinical implantation represents the ultimate experiment of any component and often demonstrates areas of strengths and weaknesses not predicted from in vitro testing. Mobile bearing knees incorporate an additional articulating interface between the flat distal PE insert and a highly polished metal tibial tray. This can allow the proximal interface to retain high conformity whilst leading to reduced stresses at the bone – prosthesis interface by permitting complex distal interface compensatory motion to occur (rotation and/or translation). Retrieval reports on many of the new generation of mobile bearing implants remains scarce. This study presented a retrieval analysis of 9 mobile bearing inserts that had be in situ for less than 24 months. Nine cemented mobile bearing implants (6 AP Glide, 1 LCS, 1 MBK and 1TRAK) were received into our Implant Retrieval Program. The femoral component, tibial tray and PE insert were macroscopically examined under a stereo-zoom microscope for evidence of damage. The PE inserts were graded for wear based on optical and SEM assessments. The proximal and distal surfaces of the PE inserts were subsequently assessed for surface roughness following ISO 97 (Ra and Rp) using a Surfanalyzer 5400 (Federal Products, Providence, RI). Virgin, unused PE inserts were analysed and served as a comparison to the retrieved implants. Time in situ time for these implants ranged from 6 months to 24 months (mean 18.6). The implants were revised for instability and pain (AP glide) or dislocation (TRAK). Damage to the femoral components, in general, was minimal with some evidence of a transfer film of PE. The proximal surface of the tibial trays presented evidence of PE transfer as well as some scratches but in general were intact. The proximal PE and distal PE articulating surfaces demonstrated significant areas of damage due to third body wear which was identified on EDAX to be PMMA. Areas of burnishing were also present at the proximal and distal interface. The damage, in part, correlated with the complex kinematics of each design.
Direct measurement of the group refractive index of air with interferometry between adjacent femtosecond pulses (2002)

The group refractive index of air in laboratory conditions is measured directly between adjacent femtosecond laser pulses by a new interferometry technique. Measurement of the repetition rate of the mode-locked pulse train that gives the maximum amplitude of the interference-signal envelope enables us to determine the group refractive index of air within a standard deviation of 2 x 10(-7). This simple method without vacuum reference is attractive for measuring the group refractive index needed for precise distance measurements in open fields.
Online Exploration of an Unknown Region of Interest with a Team of\n Aerial Robots (2018)

In this paper, we study the problem of exploring an unknown Region Of\nInterest (ROI) with a team of aerial robots. The size and shape of the ROI are\nunknown to the robots. The objective is to find a tour for each robot such that\neach point in the ROI must be visible from the field-of-view of some robot\nalong its tour. In conventional exploration using ground robots, the ROI\nboundary is typically also as an obstacle and robots are naturally constrained\nto the interior of this ROI. Instead, we study the case where aerial robots are\nnot restricted to flying inside the ROI (and can fly over the boundary of the\nROI).\n We propose a recursive depth-first search-based algorithm that yields a\nconstant competitive ratio for the exploration problem. Our analysis also\nextends to the case where the ROI is translating, \\eg, in the case of marine\nplumes. In the simpler version of the problem where the ROI is modeled as a 2D\ngrid, the competitive ratio is\n$\\frac{2(S_r+S_p)(R+\\lfloor\\log{R}\\rfloor)}{(S_r-S_p)(1+\\lfloor\\log{R}\\rfloor)}$\nwhere $R$ is the number of robots, and $S_r$ and $S_p$ are the robot speed and\nthe ROI speed, respectively. We also consider a more realistic scenario where\nthe ROI shape is not restricted to grid cells but an arbitrary shape. We show\nour algorithm has\n$\\frac{2(S_r+S_p)(18R+\\lfloor\\log{R}\\rfloor)}{(S_r-S_p)(1+\\lfloor\\log{R}\\rfloor)}$\ncompetitive ratio under some conditions. We empirically verify our algorithm\nusing simulations as well as a proof-of-concept experiment mapping a 2D ROI\nusing an aerial robot with a downwards-facing camera.\n
Localized Quantum Chemistry on Quantum Computers (2022)

Quantum chemistry calculations of large, strongly correlated systems are typically limited by the computation cost that scales exponentially with the size of the system. Quantum algorithms, designed specifically for quantum computers, can alleviate this, but the resources required are still too large for today’s quantum devices. Here we present a quantum algorithm that combines a localization of multireference wave functions of chemical systems with quantum phase estimation (QPE) and variational unitary coupled cluster singles and doubles (UCCSD) to compute their ground state energy. Our algorithm, termed “local active space unitary coupled cluster” (LAS-UCC), scales linearly with system size for certain geometries, providing a polynomial reduction in the total number of gates compared with QPE, while providing accuracy above that of the variational quantum eigensolver using the UCCSD ansatz and also above that of the classical local active space self-consistent field. The accuracy of LAS-UCC is demonstrated by dissociating (H2)2 into two H2 molecules and by breaking the two double bonds in trans-butadiene and resources estimates are provided for linear chains of up to 20 H2 molecules.
Some Diffusion and Solubility Measurements of Cu in CdTe (1968)

The diffusivity and solubility of Cu in CdTe has been measured between 97° and 300°C using radiotracer techniques. The system studied involved chemically formed Cu2Te films on undoped zone-purified CdTe single crystals. The solubility was found to vary from approximately 3×1016 to 2×1018 cm−3 in the temperature range studied. The diffusivity corresponding to these solubilities is given by D(cm2·sec−1) =3.7× 10−4 exp (−0.67 eV/kT). A much faster diffusing ``tail'' involving about 1015 cm−3 Cu is also observed.
A Ka-Band Low Power Doppler Radar System for Remote Detection of Cardiopulmonary Motion (2005)

A low power Ka-band Doppler radar that can detect human heartbeat and respiration signals is demonstrated. This radar system achieves better than 80% detection accuracy at the distance of 2-m with 16-&#956;W transmitted power. Indirect-conversion receiver architecture is chosen to reduce the DC offset and 1/f noise that can degrade signal-to-noise ratio and detection accuracy. In addition, the radar has also demonstrated the capability of detecting acoustic signals.
Biodegradable Fumarate-Based PolyHIPEs as Tissue Engineering Scaffolds (2007)

PolyHIPEs show great promise as tissue engineering scaffolds due to the tremendous control of pore size and interconnectivity afforded by this technique. Highly porous, fully biodegradable scaffolds were prepared by polymerization of the continuous phase of high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) containing the macromer poly(propylene fumarate) (PPF) and the cross-linker propylene fumarate diacrylate (PFDA). Toluene was used as a diluent to reduce the viscosity of the organic phase to enable HIPE formation. A range of polyHIPE scaffolds of different pore sizes and morphologies were generated by varying the diluent concentration (40-60 wt %), cross-linker concentration (25-75 wt %), and macromer molecular weight ( M n = 800-1000 g/mol). Although some formulations resulted in macroporous monoliths (pore diameter >500 microm), the majority of the polyHIPEs studied were rigid, microporous monoliths with average pore diameters in the range 10-300 microm. Gravimetric analysis confirmed the porosity of the microporous monoliths as 80-89% with most scaffolds above 84%. These studies demonstrate that emulsion templating can be used to generate rigid, biodegradable scaffolds with highly interconnected pores suitable for tissue engineering scaffolds.
Heater Size and Gravity Effects on Pool Boiling Heat Transfer (2003)

Pool boiling heat transfer measurements from heaters of various sizes were obtained in low gravity aboard the KC‐135. Visual observations indicate boiling in earth and high gravity can be dominated by surface tension effects exhibiting behavior similar to microgravity boiling. Surface tension dominated boiling occurred in earth and high gravity when the bubble departure diameter was greater than the heater length. The Bond number at bubble departure was not constant across gravity levels and heater length scales, and was found to depend additionally on the wall superheat and the bulk fluid subcooling.
The Effect of Melatonin on Mitochondrial Function and Autophagy in In Vitro Matured Oocytes of Aged Mice. (2020)

According to the data, melatonin increased mitochondrial function and autophagy via an increase in the expression of SIRT1 and LC3, as well as the ATP contents while it decreased the levels of ROS and increased TAC in oocytes derived from aged mice.
Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor mediates the responses of endothelial cells to fluid shear stress (2019)

Endothelial mechanotransduction by fluid shear stress (FSS) modulates endothelial function and vascular pathophysiology through mechanosensors on the cell membrane. The coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) is not only a viral receptor but also a component of tight junctions and plays an important role in tissue homeostasis. Here, we demonstrate the expression, regulatory mechanism, and role of CAR in vascular endothelial cells (ECs) under FSS conditions. Disturbed flow increased, whereas unidirectional laminar shear stress (LSS) decreased, CAR expression in ECs through the Krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2)/activator protein 1 (AP-1) axis. Deletion of CAR reduced the expression of proinflammatory genes and endothelial inflammation induced by disturbed flow via the suppression of NF-κB activation. Consistently, disturbed flow-induced atherosclerosis was reduced in EC-specific CAR KO mice. CAR was found to be involved in endothelial mechanotransduction through the regulation of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (PECAM-1) phosphorylation. Our results demonstrate that endothelial CAR is regulated by FSS and that this regulated CAR acts as an important modulator of endothelial mechanotransduction by FSS.
Semisynthesis of a Homogeneous Glycoprotein Using Chemical Transformation of Peptides to Thioester Surrogates (2021)

Semisynthesis using recombinant polypeptides as building blocks is a powerful approach for the preparation of proteins with a variety of modifications such as glycosylation. The activation of the C terminus of recombinant peptides is a key step for coupling peptide building blocks and preparing a full-length polypeptide of a target protein. This article reports two chemical approaches for transformation of the C terminus of recombinant polypeptides to thioester surrogates. The first approach relies on efficient substitution of the C-terminal Cys residue with bis(2-sulfanylethyl)amine (SEA) to yield peptide-thioester surrogates. The second approach employs a native tripeptide, cysteinyl-glycyl-cysteine (CGC), to yield peptide-thioesters via a process mediated by a thioester surrogate. Both chemical transformation methods employ native peptide sequences and were thereby successfully applied to recombinant polypeptides. As a consequence, we succeeded in the semisynthesis of a glycosylated form of inducible T cell costimulator (ICOS) for the first time.
Aerosols containing Legionella pneumophila generated by shower heads and hot-water faucets (1985)

Shower heads and hot-water faucets containing Legionella pneumophila were evaluated for aerosolization of the organism with a multistage cascade impaction air sampler. Air was collected above two shower doors and from the same rooms approximately 3 ft (91 cm) from the shower doors while the hot water was running. Low numbers (3 to 5 CFU/15 ft3 [0.43 m3] of air) of L. pneumophila were recovered above both shower doors, but none was recovered from the air in either room outside the shower door. Approximately 90% (7 of 8 CFU) of the L. pneumophila recovered were trapped in aerosol particles between 1 and 5 micron in diameter. Air was collected 1 to 3 ft (30 to 91 cm) from 14 sinks while the hot water was running. Low numbers (1 to 5 CFU/15 ft3 of air) were recovered from 6 of 19 air samples obtained. Approximately 50% (6 of 13 CFU) of the organisms recovered were trapped in aerosol particles between 1 and 8 microns in diameter. Shower heads and hot-water taps containing L. pneumophila can aerosolize low numbers of the organism during routine use. The aerosol particle size is small enough to penetrate to the lower human respiratory system. Thus, these sites may be implicated as a means of transmission of L. pneumophila from potable water to the patient.
Susceptibility assessment of gas hydrate dissociation occurrence along European continental margins and adjacent areas. GARAH project (GeoERA) (2021)

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The Pan-European gas-hydrate relate GIS database of GARAH project has allowed assessing the susceptibility of seafloor areas affected by hydrate dissociation. This study has been applied as a first step for the hydrate related risk assessment along the European continental margins. Several factors and variables have been taken into account. They have been defined by their relationship with the presence of hydrates below seafloor and weighted depending on the confidence of finding hydrates in this site. The maximum weight (or confidence) has been given to the recovered samples of gas hydrates or hydrate-dissociation evidences such as degassing or liquation structures observed in gravity cores. Seismic indicators of the presence of gas hydrate or hydrocarbon seabed fluid flow such as BSR, blanking acoustic, amplitude anomalies or the presence of geological structures of seabed fluid flow in the neighbouring of the GHSZ have been weighted with a lower value. The theoretical gas hydrate stability zone (GHSZ) for a standard composition for biogenic gas has been taken into account as another control factor and constrain feature. Seafloor areas out of the theoretical GSHZ have been excluded as potential likelihood to be affected by hydrate dissociation processes. The base of GHSZ has been classified as a critical area for these dissociation processes.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The proposed methodology analyses the geological hazard by means of the susceptibility assessment, defined by the likelihood of occurrence of hydrate dissociation, collapses, crater-like depressions or submarine landslides over seafloor. The baseline scenario is that gas hydrate occurrence is only possible in seafloor areas where pressure (bathymetry) and seafloor temperature conditions are inside the theoretical GHSZ. Inside GHSZ, the occurrence of gas hydrate is directly related to the presence of its evidences (direct samples of hydrates) or indicators (eg. pore water and velocity anomalies, BSR, gas chimneys, among others), as well as the occurrence of hydrocarbon fluid flow structures inside GHSZ. Finally, the likelihood of the seafloor to be affect gas hydrate dissociation processes will be major at the base of the GHSZ and in the neighbouring of the gas hydrate evidences and indicators. In order to proof this initial hypothesis, a susceptibility assessment has been carried out throughout map algebra in a GIS environment from a density map of evidences and indicators and the Pan-European map of the GHSZ over seafloor. Specifically, it has been conceived as a segmentation in three levels by quantiles resulting of the addition of the density map of evidences and indicators and the weighted map of the GHSZ over seafloor.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;amp;#160;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Acknowledgment&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;GARAH project. GeoERA - GeoE.171.002&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
Influence of Fusarium and Wheat Stem Sawfly Infestation on Volatile Compounds Production by Wheat Plants (2009)

Influence of Fusarium and Wheat Stem Sawfly Infestation on Volatile Compounds Production by Wheat Plants Plants that were infested by the wheat stem sawfly emitted significantly increased amounts of the secondary metabolites linalool, linalool oxide, ß-farnesene, ß-caryophyllene, and 4-heptanone in comparison to uninfested plants. Wheat plants parasitized by Fusarium species also have emitted volatiles. The amount of volatiles released varied by infective species of Fusarium and volatile patterns varied over time for both sawfly infestation and pathogen infection. Plants that were stressed by both herbivory and pathogens emitted even greater amounts of certain volatiles. Surprisingly, larval sawfly mortality was much greater in plants infected by Fusarium species, and both mortality and the rate of volatile release varied by Fusarium . The role of these plant volatiles are further discussed in the context of defensive plant responses to Fusarium and sawfly infestation.
Antibodies to Kv1 potassium channel-complex proteins leucine-rich, glioma inactivated 1 protein and contactin-associated protein-2 in limbic encephalitis, Morvan’s syndrome and acquired neuromyotonia (2010)

Antibodies that immunoprecipitate (125)I-alpha-dendrotoxin-labelled voltage-gated potassium channels extracted from mammalian brain tissue have been identified in patients with neuromyotonia, Morvan's syndrome, limbic encephalitis and a few cases of adult-onset epilepsy. These conditions often improve following immunomodulatory therapies. However, the proportions of the different syndromes, the numbers with associated tumours and the relationships with potassium channel subunit antibody specificities have been unclear. We documented the clinical phenotype and tumour associations in 96 potassium channel antibody positive patients (titres >400 pM). Five had thymomas and one had an endometrial adenocarcinoma. To define the antibody specificities, we looked for binding of serum antibodies and their effects on potassium channel currents using human embryonic kidney cells expressing the potassium channel subunits. Surprisingly, only three of the patients had antibodies directed against the potassium channel subunits. By contrast, we found antibodies to three proteins that are complexed with (125)I-alpha-dendrotoxin-labelled potassium channels in brain extracts: (i) contactin-associated protein-2 that is localized at the juxtaparanodes in myelinated axons; (ii) leucine-rich, glioma inactivated 1 protein that is most strongly expressed in the hippocampus; and (iii) Tag-1/contactin-2 that associates with contactin-associated protein-2. Antibodies to Kv1 subunits were found in three sera, to contactin-associated protein-2 in 19 sera, to leucine-rich, glioma inactivated 1 protein in 55 sera and to contactin-2 in five sera, four of which were also positive for the other antibodies. The remaining 18 sera were negative for potassium channel subunits and associated proteins by the methods employed. Of the 19 patients with contactin-associated protein-antibody-2, 10 had neuromyotonia or Morvan's syndrome, compared with only 3 of the 55 leucine-rich, glioma inactivated 1 protein-antibody positive patients (P < 0.0001), who predominantly had limbic encephalitis. The responses to immunomodulatory therapies, defined by changes in modified Rankin scores, were good except in the patients with tumours, who all had contactin-associated-2 protein antibodies. This study confirms that the majority of patients with high potassium channel antibodies have limbic encephalitis without tumours. The identification of leucine-rich, glioma inactivated 1 protein and contactin-associated protein-2 as the major targets of potassium channel antibodies, and their associations with different clinical features, begins to explain the diversity of these syndromes; furthermore, detection of contactin-associated protein-2 antibodies should help identify the risk of an underlying tumour and a poor prognosis in future patients.
Estimation and Tracking: Principles, Techniques, and Software (1993)

Brief review of linear algebra and linear systems brief review of probability theory brief review of statistics some basic concepts in estimation linear estimation in static systems linear dynamic systems with random inputs state estimation in discrete-time linear dynamic systems estimation for Kinematic models computational aspects of estimation extensions of discrete-time estimation continuous-time linear state estimation state estimation for nonlinear dynamic systems adaptive estimation and manoeuvering targets problem solutions.