gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hemolysis correction factor in the measurement of serum neuron-specific enolase (2010)

Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) is comprised of two isoforms, ag and gg, of the glycolytic enzyme enolase. It is present almost exclusively in neurons and neuroendocrine tissues (1–3). The protein is a valuable tumor marker for monitoring the outcome and disease course in patients with cancer of the neuroendocrine type, in particular small cell lung cancer and neuroblastoma (4, 5). In addition, the concentration of NSE in biological fluids might be a useful parameter for the assessment of neural brain damage as NSE was shown to be released into cerebrospinal fluid and blood following cerebral injury (5, 6). However, the ag-isoform was also reported to be present in circulating blood cells, especially in erythrocytes and platelets (3, 7). As a consequence, slight hemolysis – even undetectable to the naked eye (3) – can produce falsely increased degrees of immunoreactivity (1). Considering the role of NSE as an important biomarker, interpretation of NSE results is unreliable unless accompanied by an estimate of red cell disruption (3). In the case of hemolysis, it is common practice to include a comment on the laboratory report and not give the NSE value itself. We examined the possibility of using data correction to report a clinically more reliable result when measuring NSE in hemolysed serum, instead of reporting a comment that the assay could not be performed. NSE was measured using a sandwich immunoassay with the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) technology installed on a Modular E170 (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany). Evaluation of the magnitude of hemolysis was achieved using the hemolytic index (H). The serum index was routinely measured with a Cobas 6000 analyzer (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany) using absorbance values of two bichromatic readings (570 and 600 nm, and 660 and 700 nm). The absorbance values are converted into semi-
Induction of PDGF-B expression in HUVECs by growth factors and conditioned medium derived from lung cancer cells. (2004)

3595 Introduction: PDGF-B (platelet derived growth factor) affects tumor angiogenesis in multiple ways, e.g. by migration of perivascular cells, and is secreted by numerous cells including endothelial cells. In contrast to its known biological functions, the induction of PDGF-B expression is only poorly understood. Methods: Human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured in standard medium up to 80% confluence. After incubation of the cells in 10%MEM over night, the medium was changed to 0.5% MEM, and the cells were stimulated by 20 ng/ml VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) and/or 20 ng/ml bFGF (basic fibroblastic growth factor). The small molecule BIBF1000 (1 μM) was used as a tyrosine kinase inhibitor for the VEGF and bFGF receptors. PDGF-B RNA and protein expression levels were analysed using real-time PCR and ELISA assays, respectively. For RNA analyses, 18S was used as a reference gene. Results: Under serum-free conditions, VEGF and bFGF induced a significant increase in PDGF-B RNA expression up to 4-times which was time- and dose-dependent (p
Evidence for substitutional boron in doped single-walled carbon nanotubes (2010)

Precise determination of acceptors in the laser ablation grown B doped single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) has been elusive. Photoemission spectroscopy finds evidence for subpercent substitutional B in this material, which leads to superconductivity in thin film SWNT samples.
Wafer-scale integration of semiconductor memory. (1979)

This work is directed towards a study of full-slice or "wafer-scale integrated" - semiconductor memory. Previous approaches to full slice technology are studied and critically compared. It is shown that a fault-tolerant, fixed-interconnection approach offers many advantages; such a technique forms the basis of the experimental work. The &#13;\ndisadvantages of the conventional technology are reviewed to illustrate the potential improvements in cost, packing density and reliability obtainable with wafer-scale &#13;\nintegration (W.S.l). &#13;\n&#13;\nIterative chip arrays are modelled by a pseudorandom fault distribution; algorithms to control the linking of adjacent good - chips into linear chains are proposed and &#13;\ninvestigated by computer simulation. It is demonstrated that long chains may be produced at practicable yield levels. The on-chip control circuitry and the external control electronics required to implement one particular algorithm are described in relation to a TTL simulation of an array of 4 X 4 integrated circuit chips. A layout of the on-chip control logic is shown to require (in 40 dynamic MOS circuitry) an area equivalent to ~250 shift register stages -a reasonable overhead on large memories. &#13;\n&#13;\nStructures are proposed to extend the fixed-interconnection, fault-tolerant concept to parallel/serial organised memory - covering RAM, ROM and Associative Memory &#13;\napplications requiring up to~ 2M bits of storage. Potential problem areas in implementing W.S.I are discussed and it is concluded that current technology is capable of manufacturing such devices. A detailed cost comparison of the conventional and W.S.I approaches to large serial memories illustrates the potential savings available with wafer-scale integration. &#13;\n&#13;\nThe problem of gaining industrial acceptance for W.S.I is discussed in relation to known and anticipated views- of new technology. The thesis concludes with suggestions for &#13;\nfurther work in the general field of wafer-scale integration.
Promoting Users’ Participation in Mobile Crowdsourcing: A Distributed Truthful Incentive Mechanism (DTIM) Approach (2020)

With the advancement of smartphones, mobile crowdsourcing has become a new computing paradigm to efficiently support novel mobile applications. Achieving good service quality of these applications, however, necessitates the participation of large number of smartphones, which can be obtained via providing suitable incentives to smartphone users. Nonetheless, most existing incentive mechanisms assume a centralized platform for recruiting smartphones, which is prone to expose the privacy of both smartphones and task requesters. In this context, this article studies a distributed truthful incentive mechanism (DTIM) for mobile crowdsourcing, where multiple auction rounds can be conducted locally in each smartphone and task requester. Specifically, in each auction round, the participating smartphones act as the sellers and submit bids to compete for their intended crowdsourcing tasks. The task requesters, on the other hand, act as the buyers that decide on the sellers and corresponding payments, depending on their submitted bids. Finally, based on the offered payment, each smartphone selects a buyer for trading to optimize its utility. It is shown that the proposed incentive mechanism is strategy-proof, budget balanced, individually rational, and computationally efficient. Numerical results provided corroborate the beneficial properties of the scheme.
Hepatic recognition and catabolism of serum glycoproteins (1981)

WITH THE exception of albumin, essentially all serum proteins are glycoproteins, that is, proteins to which one or more carbohydrate chains are bound in covalent linkage. The sugars most commonly found in association with proteins are galactose, mannose,<i>N</i>-acetylhexosamine, sialic acid, and fucose. Glucose occurs rarely, if at all, as a normal constituent of circulating proteins. In general, the carbohydrate moiety may be envisaged as consisting of two domains. The outer, nonreducing terminus is composed of the trisaccharide, sialic acid-galactose-<i>N</i>-acetylglucosamine. Usually, between two and four such terminal triads may be linked glycosidically to the second domain, which is composed of three mannose and two<i>N</i>-acetylglucosamine residues. The structure of a typical, complex carbohydrate chain is illustrated in the Figure. On treatment with neuraminidase, the sialic acid moiety is cleaved to reveal the penultimate galactose moiety as the new, nonreducing termini of the resulting asialoglycoprotein. Fucose, which
A numerical strategy to account for the effect of self-induced geometry changes in wear estimation (2016)

The erosion of a surface impinged by solid particles dragged by a liquid is a serious concern in the oil&amp;gas industry. Recent experiments&#13;\nindicate that the changes in the geometry produced by the erosion may significantly alter the evolution of the erosion process itself.&#13;\nThis typically happens when a surface is exposed to aggressive flow condition for a prolonged period, and it becomes a significant&#13;\nissue for complex devices such as valves. However, none of the predictive techniques available at present, which mainly involve the&#13;\nuse of algebraic erosion correlations in conjunction with an Eulerian-Lagrangian model, appears capable in handling this phenomenon.&#13;\nIn this study, we propose a numerical strategy that allows accounting for the effect of the self-induced geometry changes on the wear&#13;\nestimates. The evolution of the erosion process is estimated by an effective post-processing technique applied to the solution of a&#13;\nsteady-state Eulerian-Lagrangian simulation. The good agreement between our predictions and experimental data available in the&#13;\nliterature regarding an abrasive jet impingement test makes the application of this strategy to more complex flows very promising.
Structured and Nanoparticle Assembled Co−B Thin Films Prepared by Pulsed Laser Deposition:  A Very Efficient Catalyst for Hydrogen Production (2008)

Amorphous Co−B-based catalyst powder, produced by chemical reduction of cobalt salts, was used as the target material for Co−B thin film catalyst preparation through pulsed laser deposition (PLD). A comparative kinetic analysis of the sodium borohydride (NaBH4) hydrolysis by using Co−B catalyst added to the hydride solution as powder or as thin film was carried out. Both forms of catalyst (powder and film) were heat-treated at 623 K for 2 h under various atmospheric conditions (in vacuum or by using Ar, H2, and O2 gases) in order to study their effects on H2 generation rate. Surface morphology of the catalyst was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), while compositional and bond formation analysis were carried out using X-photoelectron (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), respectively. Structural characterization of catalysts was performed using the X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. It was observed that nanoparticles produced during laser ablation process act as active centers in the catalyst films, producing significantly higher rate (about 6 times) of H2 generation than the corresponding Co−B powder. No significant changes were observed for Co−B powder treated in an inert atmosphere (vacuum and Ar) while it caused structural changes in Co−B films. Co2B phase formation in films makes them more efficient catalysts with 28% increase in rate of H2 generation as compared to untreated film. Heat treatment in an oxygen atmosphere causes complete inactivation of powder catalyst, while film still showed excellent catalytic activity with just a longer induction time. The AFM and SEM analysis of the heat-treated films did not show drastic change in surface morphology, indicating that changes in catalytic activity of the films were possibly connected to structural modification and formation of boron oxide on the catalyst surface. We report that by using suitable thin film Co−B catalyst the maximum H2 generation rate of about 5000 mL/(min g of catalyst) can be achieved. This can generate about 0.9 kW (0.7 V) for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC), a critical requirement for portable devices.
Distribution Energy Control Center Experiment (1983)

The ultimate goal of integrating the generic functions presently described as supervisory control and data acquisition, load management, and distribution feeder automation into a single system has led to the proposed concept of a distribution energy control center (DECC). An experiment is being conducted on the Athens Utilities Board's (AUB) distribution network in the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) service area. When successfully implemented, the installed hardware/software could become a test bed for future end use and distribution automation experiments. The DECC system will feature distribution automation and control concepts, develop closed loop control of feeder and substation functions, and extend and examine various load management concepts. DECC will be linked to TVA's bulk power control system.
A New Tool for Validating Theoretically Derived Anisotropic Displacement Parameters with Experiment: Directionality of Prolate Displacement Ellipsoids (2019)

X-ray diffraction on crystalline solids provides the electron density in the unit cell, typically interpreted as atom types, fractional coordinates, and anisotropic displacement parameters (ADPs). Given the chemical composition, not only coordinates but also ADPs can be obtained from first-principles calculations. In order to validate the latter, we suggest comparing the direction of the maximum main axes for sufficiently anisotropic theoretical and experimental ellipsoids, in addition to their scalar properties. This new criterion provides additional insight: while the amplitude of motion is generally underestimated by the computationally inexpensive harmonic approximation, the relative orientation may still be in good agreement with the experimental findings. This approach can complement the already established scatter plot of main-axes components and the similarity index, and it is also chemically intuitive by giving a direct picture of the relative orientation of the ellipsoids.
An Inter-Access Point Coordination Protocol for Dynamic Channel Selection in IEEE802.11 Wireless LANs (2007)

This paper presents and evaluates an Inter-Access Point Coordination protocol for dynamic channel selection in IEEE 802.11 WLANs. It addresses an open issue for the implementation of many distributed and centralized dynamic channel selection policies proposed to mitigate interference problems in Wireless LANs (WLANs). The presented protocol provides services to a wide range of policies that require different levels of coordination among APs by enabling them to actively communicate and exchange information. An Intra-Cell protocol that enables interaction between the AP and its accommodated stations to handle channel switching within the same cell is also presented.
The last word: Hedge your bets (2011)

When it comes to predicting the future in education, it’s worth going with the foxes rather than the hedgehogs, As Catherine Scott explains.
Comparison between &lt;i&gt;E. coli&lt;/i&gt; O157:H7 and &lt;i&gt;Bifidobacterium&lt;/i&gt; spp. Activity in Almond Pudding Infant Supplemental Food (2011)

Almond pudding is a common traditional Iranian complementary food for infants after starting solid foods. Escherichia coli O157:H7 is one of the leading pathogenic microorganisms that cause serious foodborne disease in different populations including infants. The large intestine of breast-fed infants is colonized predominantly by bifidobacteria, which have a protective effect against acute diarrhea. The study objective of this research was to screen the survival characteristics of E. coli O157:H7 as well as four strains of Bifidobacterium subspecies (spp.) in almond pudding. The bacterial strains were studied after three and six hours of incubation at 37℃ in-vitro. Luria-Bertani (LB) broth was used as a basic medium for both Bifidobacterium spp. and E. coli experiments in anaerobic and aerobic conditions, respectively. The viability of Bifidobacterium spp. increased from 2.46 ± 0.2 to 6.57 ±1.3 log10 CFU/ml in low inoculum and from 4.53 ± 0.7 to 7.2 ± 0.4 in high inoculum experiments in 6 hours. However, the growth of E. coli O157:H7 from 3.12 ± 0.2 to 4.99 ± 0.1 log10 CFU/ml was significantly (P < 0.05) lower compared to Bifidobacterium spp. The results illus- trate impaired growth of E. coli O157:H7 and enhanced growth of Bifidobacterium spp. in almond pudding. The finding demonstrated that almond pudding in infant’s diet may indirectly enhance the protection against survival and growth of E. coli O157:H7 by increasing the Bifidobacterium spp. populations in infant’s gastrointestinal system.
Pulmonary function testing after operative stabilisation of the chest wall for flail chest (2001)

Antero-lateral flail chest injuries accompanied by respiratory insufficiency can be effectively stabilised using reconstruction plates. Early restoration of the chest wall integrity and respiratory pump function may be cost effective through the prevention of prolonged mechanical ventilation and restriction-related working incapacity.
Allosteric activation of sodium–calcium exchange by picomolar concentrations of cadmium (2004)

Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing the bovine cardiac Na+-Ca2+ exchanger (NCX1.1) accumulated Cd2+ after a lag period of several tens of seconds. The lag period reflects the progressive allosteric activation of exchange activity by Cd2+ as it accumulates within the cytosol. The lag period was greatly reduced in cells expressing a mutant exchanger, Delta(241-680), that does not require allosteric activation by Ca2+ for activity. Non-transfected cells did not show Cd2+ uptake under the same conditions. In cells expressing NCX1.1, the lag period was nearly abolished following an elevation of the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration. Cytosolic Cd2+ concentrations estimated at 0.5-2 pm markedly stimulated the subsequent uptake of Ca2+ by Na+-Ca2+ exchange. Outward exchange currents in membrane patches from Xenopus oocytes expressing the canine NCX1.1 were rapidly and reversibly stimulated by 3 pm Cd2+ applied at the cytosolic membrane surface. Exchange currents activated by 3 pm Cd2+ were 40% smaller than currents activated by 1 mum cytosolic Ca2+. Current amplitudes declined by 30% and the rate of current development fell sharply upon repetitive applications of Na+ in the presence of 3 pm Cd2+. Cd2+ mimicked the anomalous inhibitory effects of Ca2+ on outward exchange currents generated by the Drosophila exchanger CALX1.1. We conclude that the regulatory sites responsible for allosteric Ca2+ activation bind Cd2+ with high affinity and that Cd2+ mimics the regulatory effects of Ca2+ at concentrations 5 orders of magnitude lower than Ca2+.
Synthesis of robust beamforming weights in linear antenna arrays (2014)

An innovative method for the synthesis of robust beam-forming weights of linear antenna arrays is presented in this work. Starting from user-defined mask power constraints, the configuration of the amplitude weights is optimized by means of a hybrid tool integrating the Interval Analysis (IA) and the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) in order to maximize the resilience of the weight coefficients with respect to possible tolerances while guaranteeing the satisfaction of the given constraints on the arising power pattern. A representative result is reported and discussed to show the behavior of the proposed approach and its specificity in comparison with other techniques already presented in the state-of-the-art literature.
Exemestane Versus Anastrozole in Postmenopausal Women With Early Breast Cancer: NCIC CTG MA.27—A Randomized Controlled Phase III Trial (2013)

This first comparison of steroidal and nonsteroidal classes of aromatase inhibitors showed neither to be superior in terms of breast cancer outcomes as 5-year initial adjuvant therapy for postmenopausal breast cancer by two-way test. Less toxicity on bone is compatible with one hypothesis behind MA.27 but requires confirmation. Exemestane should be considered another option as up-front adjuvant therapy for postmenopausal hormone receptor-positive breast cancer.
Genomic arrangement of an adenovirus-simian virus 40 hybrid virus, Ad2+ND4del (1981)

Ad2+ND4del is an adenovirus type 2-simian virus 40 hybrid virus nondefective for growth in human cells. The virus was first observed when stocks of Ad2+ND4, a hybrid isolated from primary monkey kidney cells, were propagated in human cells. This paper describes the DNA sequence at two sites of DNA recombination, the site of the left adenovirus type 2-simian virus 40 junction and the site of a deletion of internal simian virus 40 sequences. Since the deletion was observed when the virus was switched from monkey to human cells, an analysis of gene expression in the region of DNA rearrangement may prove useful for the elucidation of molecular events that accompany virus growth in different hosts.
The transcription factor EPAS1 links DOCK8 deficiency to atopic skin inflammation via IL-31 induction (2017)

Mutations of DOCK8 in humans cause a combined immunodeficiency characterized by atopic dermatitis with high serum IgE levels. However, the molecular link between DOCK8 deficiency and atopic skin inflammation is unknown. Here we show that CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells from DOCK8-deficient mice produce large amounts of IL-31, a major pruritogen associated with atopic dermatitis. IL-31 induction critically depends on the transcription factor EPAS1, and its conditional deletion in CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells abrogates skin disease development in DOCK8-deficient mice. Although EPAS1 is known to form a complex with aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT) and control hypoxic responses, EPAS1-mediated Il31 promoter activation is independent of ARNT, but in collaboration with SP1. On the other hand, we find that DOCK8 is an adaptor and negative regulator of nuclear translocation of EPAS1. Thus, EPAS1 links DOCK8 deficiency to atopic skin inflammation via IL-31 induction in CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells.
Affinity Labelling of Yeast Phenylalanyl‐tRNA Synthetase with a 37′‐Oxidised tRNAPhe (1982)

Yeast phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase was specifically labelled with a 3'-oxidised tRNAPhe. Stoichiometric inactivation was achieved with the incorporation of 2 mol oxidised tRNA Phe/mol enzyme which corresponds exactly to the stoichiometry of tRNA binding. The labelled peptide has been isolated using a quick chromatographic procedure which can be applied to any covalent complex formed between a tRNA and an aminoacyl tRNA synthetase. The isolated peptide (18 amino acids) was found to encompass the unique cysteine sequence of the smaller beta subunit of the enzyme.
Fabrication of Unique Chemical Patterns and Concentration Gradients with Visible Light (2013)

A modular and general method based on a photomediated ATRA reaction for the spatially controlled functionalization of surfaces with visible light is reported. The ability to control reactivity with light intensity combined with the orthogonality of ATRA chemistry allows well-defined chemically differentiated monolayers and complex nonlinear chemical concentration gradients to be easily prepared. Use of light to mediate these reactions permits spatial regulation and the generation of unique, multifunctional chemical gradients.