gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Drilling Automation: An Automatic Trajectory Control System (2011)

Abstract In the last decade, the oil and gas industry has witnessed the emergence of rotary steerable systems (RSS) that led to certain achievements that were not possible with conventional mud motors. Rotary steerable systems enable faster drilling, smoother wellbores, and extended-reach drilling (ERD). Still, a drilling assembly built around an RSS tool is sensitive to factors such as bit type, operating parameters, type of drilling fluid, lithology, and borehole diameter. Therefore, it is not always optimal for a human operator (typically a directional driller) to select and issue the right commands to the drilling tool at the right time. This situation becomes even more challenging when those decisions have to be made in a matter of minutes. Steering the well accurately is paramount to geo-steering, optimal well placement in the reservoir, and anti-collision. This paper discusses a new system that monitors all real-time data that is available, "learns" the steering behavior of the drilling assembly, and uses the acquired information to create more accurate projections for the directional driller. The system recommends the optimal command to direct the drilling tool according to plan. This tool is currently being used by a number of field locations as an advisor. The next version of the system, being field tested, autonomously issues downlink commands directly to the RSS tool, making it an automatic trajectory controller. The concept is very similar to the autopilots used in commercial airplanes today. The anticipated value from this technology is better service quality and higher performance that can be delivered predictably and consistently. Preliminary results look very encouraging. During the evaluation period, the system has accumulated approximately 5,000 running hours, corresponding to approximately 72 runs. These tests are in various hole sizes and well profiles, using different RSS tools.
Fermi Statistics of Weakly Excited Granular Materials in a Vibrating Bed\n II: One Dimensional Experiment (1999)

A one dimensional experiment in granular dynamics is carried out to test the\nthermodynamic theory of weakly excited granular systems [Hayakawa and Hong,\nPhys. Rev. Lett. {\\bf 78}, 2764(1997)] where granular particles are treated as\nspinless Fermions. The density profile is measured and then fit to the Fermi\ndistribution function, from which the global temperature of the system, T, is\ndetermined. Then the center of mass, &lt;z(T)&gt;, and its fluctuations, &lt;(\\Delta\nz(T))^2&gt;, are measured and plotted as functions of T. The Fermi function fits\nthe density profile fairly well, with the value of T being fairly close to the\npredicted value. The scaling behavior of &lt;z(T)&gt; and &lt;(\\Delta z(T))^2&gt; is in\nexcellent agreement with the theory.\n
Development of a Haptic Device with Tactile and Proprioceptive Feedback for Spatial Design Tasks (2017)

We present a novel, low-cost haptic feedback device for spatial design tasks that provides proprioceptive and tactile feedback. It uses the Manus VR datagloves and a custom VR CAD environment. Here, tactile feedback is provided to the index finger through a vibrating motor, which helps users in identifying points on a grid. This grid allows for alignment during the creation and manipulation of geometric shapes. Models can be adjusted by pinching at a vertex of the shape with index finger and thumb, and moving this to a different point on the grid. Here, proprioceptive feedback is provided by a solenoid locking mechanism. The system was evaluated through preliminary user testing. Results indicate that the device leads to more natural and intuitive interactions for both the point grid and vertex adjustment, but that the ergonomics needs to be improved. Future challenges involve further integration of the physical device and datagloves and refined, multi-finger feedback.
Complete neurological recovery after delayed onset resuscitation in a normothermic witnessed arrest (2013)

Cardiac arrest following aortic dissection carries high morbidity and mortality, primarily due to poor neurological outcomes. Most efforts are directed towards perfusing vital organs and replenishing oxygen and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) stores during and immediately after arrest. Methods of reperfusion (including external cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), open CPR, extracorporeal life support and ventricular assist devices) and other ATP preservation methods, such as pharmaceutical agents and hypothermia, are maximally beneficial only if started early during cardiac arrest. We describe a case of aortic rupture with arrest on the table which was re-perfused after 20 minutes, using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), but still managed to recover without neurological sequelae.
In situ SHRIMP U-Pb geochronology of Barrovian facies-series metasedimentary rocks in the Happy lake and Josephine River supracustal belts: implications for the Paleoproterozoic architecture of the northern Hearne domain, Nunavut; Radiogenic Age and Isotopic Studies: Report15 (2002)

Sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) U-Pb dates on in situ monazite grains areinterpreted to yield an age of 1886 " 6 Ma for the approximately 6 kbar metamorphism and associated S2shortening within kyanite-bearing metapelitic rocks of the Josephine River supracrustal belt. These datademonstrate that mid-crustal shortening accompanied ca. 1.9 Ga, greater than 10 kbar metamorphism previously documented in the adjacent northwestern Hearne domain. In situ SHRIMP U-Pb monazite ages for kyanite-bearing metasedimentary rocks near Happy lake,metamorphosed at approximately 6 kbar, form a single 1835 " 11 Ma population. An apparent correlationbetween monazite ages and textural locations, however, is interpreted to yield 1850 " 18 Ma for the age ofBarrovian metamorphism and associated S1 or S2 fabric (textural ambiguity remains), and 1826 " 15 Ma for theage of S3 staurolite. It is suggested here that the greater than 1850 Ma, S1 fabric is associated with a regionallyimportant shear zone that carried the central Hearne domain northward over the northwestern Hearne domain.
Initial three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain phenomenology study of the transient response of a large vertically coupled photonic racetrack (2003)

We report the initial three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain modeling of a vertically coupled photonic racetrack. The modeling reveals details of the full suite of space-time behavior of electromagnetic-wave phenomena involved in guiding, coupling, multimoding, dispersion, and radiation. This behavior is not easily obtainable by analytical or full-vector frequency-domain methods, measurements of terminal properties, or near-field scanning optical microscopy.
AdaptCL: Efficient Collaborative Learning with Dynamic and Adaptive Pruning (2021)

In multi-party collaborative learning, the parameter server sends a global model to each data holder for local training and then aggregates committed models globally to achieve privacy protection. However, both the dragger issue of synchronous collaborative learning and the staleness issue of asynchronous collaborative learning make collaborative learning inefficient in real-world heterogeneous environments. We propose a novel and efficient collaborative learning framework named AdaptCL, which generates an adaptive sub-model dynamically from the global base model for each data holder, without any prior information about worker capability. All workers (data holders) achieve approximately identical update time as the fastest worker by equipping them with capability-adapted pruned models. Thus the training process can be dramatically accelerated. Besides, we tailor the efficient pruned rate learning algorithm and pruning approach for AdaptCL. Meanwhile, AdaptCL provides a mechanism for handling the trade-off between accuracy and time overhead and can be combined with other techniques to accelerate training further. Empirical results show that AdaptCL introduces little computing and communication overhead. AdaptCL achieves time savings of more than 41\% on average and improves accuracy in a low heterogeneous environment. In a highly heterogeneous environment, AdaptCL achieves a training speedup of 6.2x with a slight loss of accuracy.
Controlled release of polymer conjugated agrochemicals. System based on poly(methyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic anhydride) (2001)

Controlled release formulations were prepared by using commercially available poly(methyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic anhydride) (I) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid herbicide (2,4-D). The copolymer (I) was reacted with various diamines to produce amido-amine containing carboxylate copolymers. The produced copolymers were reacted with the acid chloride of herbicide 2,4-D as model herbicide for carboxylic group functionalized herbicides. The formulations produced were characterized by IR and elemental analyses. The release of the herbicide 2,4-D from the formulations was studied under different aqueous medium conditions and the effect of copolymer microstructure on release profiles was investigated. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 80: 415–421, 2001
[[4,4′4″,4‴‐Porphyrin‐5,10,15, 20‐Tetrayltetrakis(1‐Methylpyridiniumato](2‐)]‐ Indium(III) Pentaperchlorate (1985)

This chapter contains sections titled: 5,10,15,20-tetra(4-pyridinyl)porphyrin,H2-TPYP 4,4′,4″,4″′,-Porphyrin-5,10,15,20-tetrayltetrakis(1-methylpyridinium)Tetrakis(4-methylbenzenesulfonate),H2-TMPYP The Title Compond
Partitioning of persistent hydrophobic contaminants to different storage lipid classes (2020)

Lipids generally represent the major matrix contributing to the absorptive capacity for hydrophobic organic contaminants in aquatic ecosystems. The aim of the present study was to determine whether contaminants partition to a different degree to the different storage lipid classes: wax ester (WE) and triacylglycerol (TAG). This was undertaken by studying experimentally the partitioning of organochlorine compounds between lipids (WE or TAG) and silicone rubber phase. Our results indicate that hydrophobic compounds have a slightly higher affinity for WE than for TAG. The findings thus corroborate earlier suggestions that contaminants accumulate to a greater extent in food webs with a higher reliance of on WE, such as in the Arctic. This knowledge is of interest since it implies that possible changes in planktonic community species composition, and thereby possible changes in the lipid composition, may have consequences for accumulation of hydrophobic contaminants in apex predators. However, the magnitude of these consequences remains unknown, and there may well be other factors of importance for previously observed higher accumulation of contaminants in Arctic systems. Thus, we have here identified aspects regarding partitioning of contaminants to lipids that need further scrutiny, and there is a need for further quantitative estimates of the suggested difference in absorptive capacities for hydrophobic contaminants between WE and TAG.
TH‐C‐18A‐11: Investigating the Minimum Scan Parameters Required to Generate Free‐Breathing Fast‐Helical CT Scans Without Motion‐Artifacts (2014)

Purpose: A recently proposed 4D‐CT protocol uses deformable registration of free‐breathing fast‐helical CT scans to generate a breathing motion model. In order to allow accurate registration, free‐breathing images are required to be free of doubling‐artifacts, which arise when tissue motion is greater than scan speed. This work identifies the minimum scanner parameters required to successfully generate free‐breathing fast‐helical scans without doubling‐artifacts. Methods: 10 patients were imaged under free breathing conditions 25 times in alternating directions with a 64‐slice CT scanner using a low dose fast helical protocol. A high temporal resolution (0.1s) 4D‐CT was generated using a patient specific motion model and patient breathing waveforms, and used as the input for a scanner simulation. Forward projections were calculated using helical cone‐beam geometry (800 projections per rotation) and a GPU accelerated reconstruction algorithm was implemented. Various CT scanner detector widths and rotation times were simulated, and verified using a motion phantom. Doubling‐artifacts were quantified in patient images using structural similarity maps to determine the similarity between axial slices. Results: Increasing amounts of doubling‐artifacts were observed with increasing rotation times &gt; 0.2s for 16×1mm slice scan geometry. No significant increase in doubling artifacts was observed for 64×1mm slice scan geometry up to 1.0s rotation time although blurring artifacts were observed &gt;0.6s. Using a 16×1mm slice scan geometry, a rotation time of less than 0.3s (53mm/s scan speed) would be required to produce images of similar quality to a 64×1mm slice scan geometry. Conclusion: The current generation of 16 slice CT scanners, which are present in most Radiation Oncology departments, are not capable of generating free‐breathing sorting‐artifact‐free images in the majority of patients. The next generation of CT scanners should be capable of at least 53mm/s scan speed in order to use a fast‐helical 4D‐CT protocol to generate a motion‐artifact free 4D‐CT. NIH R01CA096679
Importance of Horticulture and Perception as a Career (2016)

The American Society for Horticultural Science (Alexandria, VA) and Longwood Gardens (Kennett Square, PA) engaged FleishmanHillard (FH, Washington, DC), a nationally recognized communications and marketing firm, to conduct research with internal and external audiences to determine the public perception of horticulture and careers in horticulture. Through stakeholder focus groups and general public online and phone surveys, the importance of horticulture, career perceptions, and the need for the promotion of horticulture were examined. Students, faculty, industry, and administrators in horticulture have a broad understanding of the field, much more than the public, especially young, ethnically diverse, and lower income participants. Although lack of public awareness is one of the biggest challenges in horticulture, it is also its greatest opportunity. Sixty-five percent of all phone survey participants as compared with 41% of 18–24 years old revealed a general awareness of the word horticulture. General public found agreement (48% to 59%) with four statements about the essential, universal, and invaluable worth of horticulture; however, strong agreement was less, ranging from 26% to 46%. Only 26% of respondents felt strong agreement with the statement, “Horticulture is a diverse area of study, and it offers viable, fulfilling, and respected career paths that I would recommend to others.” The research found strong stakeholder support for a national promotion of horticulture.
A potential nitrergic mechanism of action for indomethacin, but not of other COX inhibitors: relevance to indomethacin-sensitive headaches (2010)

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) that act as cyclo-oxygenase (COX) inhibitors are commonly used in the treatment of a range of headache disorders, although their mechanism of action is unclear. Indomethacin is of particular interest given its very special effect in some primary headaches. Here the in vivo technique of intravital microscopy in rats has been utilised as a model of trigeminovascular nociception to study the potential mechanism of action of indomethacin. Dural vascular changes were produced using electrical (neurogenic) dural vasodilation (NDV), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) induced dural vasodilation and nitric oxide (NO) induced dural vasodilation using NO donors. In each of these settings the effect of intravenously administered indomethacin (5 mg kg(-1)), naproxen (30 mg kg(-1)) and ibuprofen (30 mg kg(-1)) was tested. All of the tested drugs significantly inhibited NDV (between 30 and 52%). Whilst none of them was able to inhibit CGRP-induced dural vasodilation, only indomethacin reduced NO induced dural vasodilation (35 ± 7%, 10 min post administration). We conclude NSAIDs inhibit release of CGRP after NDV without an effect on CGRP directly. Further we describe a differentiating effect of indomethacin inhibiting nitric oxide induced dural vasodilation that is potentially relevant to understanding its unique action in disorders such as paroxysmal hemicrania and hemicrania continua.
Disease progression and viral genome variants in experimental feline leukemia virus-induced immunodeficiency syndrome. (1991)

A fatal immunodeficiency syndrome with clinical and pathologic features similar to human AIDS is inducible in cats by experimental inoculation with a specific strain of feline leukemia virus (FeLV) called FeLV-FAIDS. The course of the feline disease is characterized by an age-dependent prodromal period during which a non-disease-specific, common form of proviral DNA is detected in bone marrow. Preceding clinical onset of immunodeficiency is production of high levels of specific, pathogenic variant genomes, primarily as unintegrated viral DNA, in bone marrow. Acute immunodeficiency syndrome (survival period approximately 3 months) is associated with a short prodromal period and appearance of a characteristic variant genome (variant A) that persists at high copy number as integrated and full-length unintegrated viral DNA in bone marrow. Chronic immunodeficiency syndrome (survival greater than 1 year) is marked by a longer prodromal period, a more gradual onset of severe clinical immunosuppression, and a predominance of other variant genomes that often contain substantial internal deletions. In both forms of the disease, tissue-specific replication of certain variant viruses is noted in the bone marrow, intestine, and lymph nodes. Evidence from in vitro and in vivo virus transmission studies indicates that the appearance of FeLV-FAIDS variant viruses reflects differential replication of viral genomes pre-existing in the inoculum rather than rapid de novo evolution of new variants within each animal. These results demonstrate that retrovirus-induced immunodeficiency disease in cats can be associated with and prefigured by the amplified replication of specific viral variants in target tissues.
Influence of polycrystalline material on crater shape optimization and roughness using low-power/low-pressure direct-current glow discharge mass spectrometry (2020)

It is likely that observation of roughness at crater bottom upon GDMS sputtering is due to differential sputtering of grains.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON MHD FLOW BY TWO DIFFERENT TRANSFORM METHODS (2011)

This study is performed to provide a comparison for magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow in steady and transient solutions obtained by Laplace and Fourier sine transform methods. Oscillatory flow in a porous semi-infinite space is considered. Plots for the emerging parameters are presented and analyzed.
Etch analysis of patterns to comprehend manufacturability (2006)

Negative etch bias is often used to decrease the minimum linewidth beyond what is possible with lithography alone, for example 110 nm minimum CD in resist and 70 nm minimum CD after etch. If the minimum space that can be opened in resist is, for example, 30 nm a true 70 nm half-pitch can be achieved when an etch shrink is employed. Due to iso-dense bias and other proximity effects, however, positive etch bias can also occur. This leads to the unfavorable situation where litho must print lines in resist smaller than the lines in the final post-etch silicon. Due to positive etch bias, among other factors, it is possible to create a configuration that can be realized from the point of view of etch, but can not be created due to photolithography or mask constraints. Specific trouble spots include boundary regions which transition between one set of DRC rules and another. With a new highly accurate etch model, problematic configurations can be identified and used to modify the design to make the etch, photolithography, and mask construction processes realizable. This paper will demonstrate unrealizable pattern conditions that can be found using a non-linear etch model for OPC[R], leading to layout configuration changes which improve the mask construction and photolithography processes.
Nanostructuring carbon supports for optimal electrode performance in biofuel cells and hybrid fuel cells (2015)

The efficiencies of dioxygen reduction on common carbonaceous materials were compared using voltammetry and fuel cell measurements. Carbon paper (CP), carbon fibre (CF) or carbon cloth (CC) conducting supports were covered under water pump pressure with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) to increase the working surface of the electrode, improve connectivity with enzyme molecules and provide direct electron transfer. Laccase was the biocathode catalyst catalyzing 4-electron reduction of oxygen to water on the nanostructured electrode. CP carbon paper was selected as the favourable electrode substrate, since it provided best durability holding firmly the carbon nanotubes together with the enzyme at the electrode surface. Zinc disc or fructose dehydrogenase was used as anode in the hybrid fuel cell and biofuel cell, respectively. The characteristics under externally applied resistances and potential-time dependencies under flowing solution conditions were evaluated. The hybrid fuel cell based on Zn anode and CP supported laccase cathode gave the best results in terms of power and open circuit potential (OCP). The full biofuel cell based on laccase and fructose dehydrogenase shows lower OCP but the power–time dependencies were similar to those of the hybrid biofuel cell. The nanostructured surfaces show good supercapacitor properties due to the presence of carbon nanotubes at the electrode surface. The fuel cells undergo self-charging/discharging and, therefore, can be conveniently employed in pulsed-work regime to power external devices.
Visualizing the performance of higher-order programs (1998)

Profiling can provide the information needed to identify performance bottlenecks in a program, but the programmer must understand its relation to the program source in order to use this information. This is difficult due to the tremendous volume of data collected. Moreover, program transformations such as macro expansion and procedure inlining can obscure the relationship between the source and object code. Higher-order programs present additional challenges due to complex control flow and because they often consist of many small, often anonytnous, procedures whose individual performance properties may be less interesting than their characteristics as a group.To address these challenges we have implemented a profiler and interactive profile visualizer and integrated them into an optimizing Scheme compiler. The profiler instruments target code and maintains correlations with the original source despite compiler optimizations that can eliminate, duplicate, or move code. The visualizer operates as a source-code browser with features to examine execution counts and execution times from several perspectives. It supports the programmer in identifying program hot spots as well as code regions responsible for or affected by those hotspots. It also supports profile differencing which permits the programmer to study program behavior in different execution contexts.Our experience suggests that visualization tools can help to present raw profile data in a meaningful way. The tool can synthesize a high-level picture of program performance while still giving the programmer the ability to explore the details in interesting regions of code.
Inhibitors of endothelin (1997)

With the advent of the first generation of both selective and nonselective endothelin antagonists being a relatively recent event, the manifold therapeutic potentials of these compounds are only now being explored clinically. Undoubtedly, numerous clinical utilities for these compounds will soon be realized.