gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Activated c-SRC in ductal carcinoma in situ correlates with high tumour grade, high proliferation and HER2 positivity (2006)

Overexpression and/or activity of c-Src non-receptor tyrosine kinase is associated with progression of several human epithelial cancers including breast cancer. c-Src activity in 'pure' ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) was measured to assess whether this predicts recurrence and/or correlates with HER2 expression and other clinical parameters. Activated c-Src levels were evaluated in DCIS biopsies from 129 women, with median follow-up at 60 months. High levels of activated c-Src correlated with HER2 positivity, high tumour grade, comedo necrosis and elevated epithelial proliferation. In univariate analysis, high activated c-Src level associated with lower recurrence-free survival at 5 years (P=0.011). Thus, high c-Src activity may identify a subset of DCIS with high risk of recurrence or progression to invasive cancer where therapeutics targeting c-Src may benefit this patient subset.
Summarising Company Announcements (2006)

This paper describes work that attempts to use language technology as a solution to the problem of information overload. The specific domain of application is the database of company announcements accessible via the Web site of the Australian Stock Exchange to meet regulatory requirements, over 100,000 documents a year are made available via this site, with only limited search facilities. We use a variety of techniques from language technology to make it easier to explore and manage the information in this data set. In this paper, we focus on our use of information extraction, which identifies and extracts important elements of information from a document, and text compaction, which applies linguistically-motived substitutions to reduce potential summary sentences to more compact forms. Together, these techniques provide a way of producing summaries of a significant proportion of the document base.
Video Tracking Algorithm for UnmannedAerial Vehicle Surveillance (2012)

On behalf of Avia Satcom Co., Ltd. we have conducted research in the eld of Computer Vision. Avia Satcom Co., Ltd. is in the stage of developing an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle and is interested in developing an algorithm for video tracking of arbitrary ground objects. The key requirements imposed on the tracker are: (1) being able to track arbitrary targets, (2) track accurately through challenging conditions and (3) performing the tracking in real-time. With these requirements in mind, we have researched what has been done in the eld and proposed an algorithm for video tracking. Video tracking in general is the process of estimating, over time, the location of one or multiple objects in a video captured by an analogue camera. Video Tracking is often divided into Target Representation, Target Detection and Target Tracking. First you create a model of the target. Then you implement techniques for detecting the object using the target model. Lastly, you use dierent techniques to predict the new target location given the current location. After comparing some trackers we chose to implement the Particle Filter. The Particle Filter is a robust tracker which can handle partial occlusion and non-Gaussian distributions. To represent the target we used Haar-like rectangular features and Edge Orientation Histograms features. The features have been shown to be robust and simple to calculate. Moreover, in a combination they have shown to serve well as each other complements, addressing each others shortcomings. We tested our tracker on a set of videos with challenging scenarios. Although the tracker could handle some scenarios if the parameters were tuned correctly, it did not perform satisfactory when dealing with appearance changes. To address the issue we extended our approach and implemented a strong classifier to help aid our observation model. The strong classifier consists of several trained weak classi ers. The strong classifier can classify estimates as either foreground or background and output a value of how con dent it is. Along with the classifier we also de ned a completely new set of features. With the new approach our tracker is significantly more robust and can handle all scenarios well. However, due to some minor error in our adaptive procedure we were not able to learn appearance changes over time, only the initial appearance. Therefore, any larger appearance changes still remain a challenge for the tracker. We do believe this is just a coding error which can be easily fixed. Nevertheless, the tracker still performs satisfactory in tracking arbitrary objects. We did however find that the tracker had difficulties with small objects and was not as robust in maintaining track lock in that case. For future work we would like to investigate the error preventing us from adapting our weak classi ers over time. We would also like to look into a technique for locating extremely small moving objects using Background Subtraction which could act as a good complement to what has already been done.
Perspectives on designing design managers (2004)

Design management integrates two very different realities. To probe the background needed to embrace this duality, we invited six experts from the corporate, consultant, and academic worlds—Lee Green, Jeff Smith, Gary Bryant, Rachel Cooper, Kyung‐won Chung, and Maryann Finiw—to comment on the business knowledge and attitudes that distinguish designers from design managers .
Colocalization of Heparin and Receptor Binding Sites on Keratinocyte Growth Factor (1998)

Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) is a member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family. FGFs are also known as heparin-binding growth factors because they bind to heparin and their physical and biological properties are modulated by heparin. Consistent with a role as a paracrine effector, KGF is produced by cells of mesenchymal origin but is active primarily, if not exclusively, on epithelial cells. KGF is involved in a variety of physiological processes, including proliferation, differentiation, wound healing, and cytoprotection. To identify regions in KGF that contribute to heparin and tyrosine kinase receptor interactions, nine peptides spanning defined motifs in the predicted structure of KGF were synthesized, and their heparin and receptor binding properties were analyzed. Peptides at the amino and carboxyl termini bound heparin, and one peptide showed relative binding comparable to that of KGF. Competitive binding studies showed that this peptide along with two other overlapping peptides specifically displaced KGF bound to the KGF receptor. These three peptides were also selectively recognized by a neutralizing monoclonal antibody against KGF, though only in the presence of heparin. Together, these data suggest that the sites for heparin and receptor binding both reside in the amino and carboxyl termini of KGF, which are spatially juxtaposed in the predicted three-dimensional structure of this molecule.
Widely-Detuned All-Fiber Photon Pair Source in Standard Telecom Fiber (2014)

We demonstrate photon pair generation in the telecom O- and L-bands thru spontaneous four-wave mixing in fiber. These wavelengths have low loss in fiber and are widely detuned from the pump, which simplifies filtering and reduces Raman.
On Universal Equivariant Set Networks (2019)

Using deep neural networks that are either invariant or equivariant to permutations in order to learn functions on unordered sets has become prevalent. The most popular, basic models are DeepSets [Zaheer et al. 2017] and PointNet [Qi et al. 2017]. While known to be universal for approximating invariant functions, DeepSets and PointNet are not known to be universal when approximating \emph{equivariant} set functions. On the other hand, several recent equivariant set architectures have been proven equivariant universal [Sannai et al. 2019], [Keriven et al. 2019], however these models either use layers that are not permutation equivariant (in the standard sense) and/or use higher order tensor variables which are less practical. There is, therefore, a gap in understanding the universality of popular equivariant set models versus theoretical ones. In this paper we close this gap by proving that: (i) PointNet is not equivariant universal; and (ii) adding a single linear transmission layer makes PointNet universal. We call this architecture PointNetST and argue it is the simplest permutation equivariant universal model known to date. Another consequence is that DeepSets is universal, and also PointNetSeg, a popular point cloud segmentation network (used eg, in [Qi et al. 2017]) is universal. The key theoretical tool used to prove the above results is an explicit characterization of all permutation equivariant polynomial layers. Lastly, we provide numerical experiments validating the theoretical results and comparing different permutation equivariant models.
Low complexity precoding codebook design based on DFRST for limited feedback precoded OSTBC systems (2017)

Precoding techniques can be used in multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system to assign resources such as power and information optimally. This paper is concerned with limited feedback in precoded orthogonal space time block code (OSTBC) systems, which is a precoding technique for incomplete channel information response. The conventional approach to design the precoding codebook is based on the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) matrix, which has high computational complexity. In this paper, a new approach to design the precoding codebook for the limited feedback precoded OSTBC systems is proposed, which is based on the discrete fractional sine transform (DFRST) matrix. The proposed DFRST-based precoding codebook design approach has lower computational complexity comparing to that of the DFT-based design with very similar bit error rate (BER) performance.
Replication and Refinement of an Algorithm for Automated Drusen Segmentation on Optical Coherence Tomography (2020)

Here, we investigate the extent to which re-implementing a previously published algorithm for OCT-based drusen quantification permits replicating the reported accuracy on an independent dataset. We refined that algorithm so that its accuracy is increased. Following a systematic literature search, an algorithm was selected based on its reported excellent results. Several steps were added to improve its accuracy. The replicated and refined algorithms were evaluated on an independent dataset with the same metrics as in the original publication. Accuracy of the refined algorithm (overlap ratio 36-52%) was significantly greater than the replicated one (overlap ratio 25-39%). In particular, separation of the retinal pigment epithelium and the ellipsoid zone could be improved by the refinement. However, accuracy was still lower than reported previously on different data (overlap ratio 67-76%). This is the first replication study of an algorithm for OCT image analysis. Its results indicate that current standards for algorithm validation do not provide a reliable estimate of algorithm performance on images that differ with respect to patient selection and image quality. In order to contribute to an improved reproducibility in this field, we publish both our replication and the refinement, as well as an exemplary dataset.
Experimental Verification of Velocity Bunching via Shot-by-Shot Measurement at S-Band Photoinjector and Linac (2005)

We present an experimental verification of a bunch compression method named “velocity bunching”. Velocity bunching based on the rectilinear compression uses a traveling wave accelerating tube as a compressor. The experiment was performed using an S-band photoinjector and a linac at the Nuclear Engineering Research Laboratory, University of Tokyo. The shot-by-shot bunch length was measured to be 0.5±0.1 ps (rms) on average using a femtosecond streak camera at a bunch charge of 1 nC. The experimental result is in good agreement with the PARMELA simulation result.
States of excitability in ovulation hormone producing neuroendocrine cells of Lymnaea stagnalis (gastropoda) and their relation to the egg‐laying cycle (1980)

The electrotonically coupled network of about 100 neuroendocrine caudodorsal cells (CDC) of the freshwater snail Lymnaea stagnalis exhibits three states of excitability with distinct electrophysiological characteristics. Transitions between these states occur spontaneously or can be induced experimentally. The CDC produce an ovulation hormone, and the excitability states are clearly related to the egg-laying cycle of the snail. Two hours before egg laying, the cells enter an active state, which lasts one hour. This phase is characterized by a spontaneous firing pattern, which in preparations can be evoked as an afterdischarge, and during which the hormone is thought to be released. After this, the cells enter an inhibited state in which no other activity than directly stimulus-dependent ortho- and antidromic action potentials can be evoked. This phase lasts till about four hours after egg laying. The subsequent resting state is characterized by facilitation of the responses upon repetitive stimulation of the cells, leading to depolarization of the network and additional action potentials. In this phase, an afterdischarge can be evoked, which brings the cells into the active state again.
Estimating ranibizumab injection numbers and visual acuity at 12 months based on 2-month data on branch retinal vein occlusion treatment (2022)

Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment for macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion generally provides good visual acuity (VA) improvement but may require repeated injections for years. To reduce the number of patients who suffer from avoidable VA loss caused by treatment drop-out, providing prospects of the correlation between expected vision improvement and required number of injections at the early stages of treatment may be helpful. In this post hoc analysis of the phase IV, randomized, open-label ZIPANGU study, we investigated the correlation between the data from Month 2 and Month 12 in terms of VA and required ranibizumab injection numbers. Fifty-nine patients were evaluated (ranibizumab monotherapy, 29; combination therapy, 30). In the monotherapy group, patients who received 1 and 3 injections by Month 2 received a mean total of 2.8 and 8.3 injections during the year, respectively. Data from the combination group were similar. The correlation coefficients for VA scores at Months 2 and 12 were 0.60 and 0.51 for the monotherapy and combination groups, respectively (both p < 0.01). Based on VA and injection numbers at Month 2 of treatment, physicians could provide rough prospects on patients' expected final VA and required number of injections.
SOUTHWELL'S “BURNING BABE” AND WILLIAM ALABASTER (1961)

SOUTHWELL'S “BURNING BABE” AND WILLIAM ALABASTER Get access JOHN W. DICKINSON JOHN W. DICKINSON Marquette University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume 8, Issue 11, November 1961, Pages 425–426, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/8-11-425 Published: 01 November 1961
A Point Mutation in the 5' Splice Site of the Dystrophin Gene First Intron Responsible for X-Linked Dilated Cardiomyopathy (1996)

X-linked dilated cardiomyopathy (XLDC) is a familial heart disease presenting in young males as a rapidly progressive congestive heart failure, without clinical signs of skeletal myopathy. This condition has recently been linked to the dystrophin gene in some families and deletions encompassing the genomic region coding for the first muscle exon have been detected. In order to identify the defect responsible for this disease at the molecular level and to understand the reasons for the selective heart involvement, a family with a severe form of XLDC was studied. In the affected members, no deletions of the dystrophin gene were observed. Analysis of the muscle promoter, first exon and intron regions revealed the presence of a single point mutation at the first exon-intron boundary, inactivating the universally conserved 5' splice site consensus sequence of the first intron. This mutation introduced a new restriction site for MseI, which cosegregates with the disease in the analyzed family. Expression of the major dystrophin mRNA isoforms (from the muscle-, brain- and Purkinje cell-promoters) was completely abolished in the myocardium, while the brain- and Purkinje cell- (but not the muscle-) isoforms were detectable in the skeletal muscle. Immunocytochemical studies with anti-dystrophin antibodies showed that the protein was reduced in quantity but normally distributed in the skeletal muscle, while it was undetectable in the cardiac muscle. These findings indicate that expression of the muscle dystrophin isoform is critical for myocardial function and suggest that selective heart involvement in dystrophin-linked dilated cardiomyopathy is related to the absence, in the heart, of a compensatory expression of dystrophin from alternative promoters.
Limitations of Deterministic Optimization Applied to Reservoir Operations (1999)

Deterministic optimization can produce suboptimal reservoir-control policies by failing to incorporate adequately the impact of low-probability events. Resulting operating policies may not efficiently balance the costs of rationing, minor flooding, or other short-term impacts with the severe impacts of extreme flood or drought. This occurs when deterministic optimization is applied to systems that are not “certainty equivalent.” This paper demonstrates this by contrasting control policies developed using deterministic optimization of inflow forecasts with control policies using stochastic optimization of probabilistic inflows. For a range of hypothetical reservoir-control problems, it is observed that deterministic optimization results in costs that are greater on average and that are much greater for extreme events, particularly for reservoir systems with limited storage capacity and for objectives described by nonquadratic functions. This is true even when forecasts are relatively accurate, such as when streamflows are highly autocorrelated.
The TriGS active object-oriented database system— an overview (1998)

The active object-oriented database system TriGS has been developed as part of a larger EC ESPRIT project aiming at the development of next-generation production scheduling and control systems [Huem93]. The goal of this paper is to summarize the work on TriGS which comprises both aspects concerning the development of the active system itself, and guidelines concerning the design of active databases.
Microscopic mechanisms for creation and removal of metastable dangling bonds in hydrogenated amorphous silicon (2002)

We present a microscopic model for metastable Si dangling-bond defect creation in hydrogenated amorphous silicon, which is applicable to both light-induced defect creation in solar cells (Staebler-Wronski effect) and bias-stress-induced defect creation in thin-film transistors. Light or gate bias causes electron-hole pairs or electrons, respectively, to be localized on short, weak Si-Si bonds, which then break. A hydrogen atom, from a neighboring, doubly hydrogenated weak Si-Si bond (SiHHSi) moves to the ${T}_{d}$ site of the broken Si-Si bond. The other H atom from the SiHHSi is also located in the energetically favorable ${T}_{d}$ site. Overall, the reaction produces two SiHD defects. Each SiHD defect is an intimate Si dangling bond and Si-H bond, where the H atom is in the ${T}_{d}$ site, not the BC site. The distance between the dangling bond and the H atom in the ${T}_{d}$ site is in the range 4--5 \AA{}, in agreement with ESR data. The majority of silicon dangling bonds, both metastable and stable, exist as SiHD, with the H atom in the ${T}_{d}$ site. The microscopic process for defect creation is fairly well localized, requiring only short-range H motion, which proceeds via bond switching between neighboring ${T}_{d}$ sites. In contrast, the microscopic process for defect removal during thermal annealing involves reequilibration of H in the $a\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{i}:\mathrm{H}$ network and is a global process involving a large fraction of H atoms. The rate-limiting step for this process is Si-H bond breaking from SiHHSi sites, which accounts for the maximum activation energy of 1.5 eV. We present a revised hydrogen density of states diagram, in line with this process.
Early Abortion with a Single Dose of the Antiprogestin RU-486 (1989)

Abstract RU-486 is a synthetic progesterone antagonist that is abortifacient in early pregnancy. This trial evaluated the effectiveness and safety of a single 600 mg oral dose given to 50 healthy women ≤49 days from their last menstrual period. Efficacy was inversely related to the initial β-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin level; ranging from 100% at 20,000 mlU/ml (p
Directive Influences in the Preparation of Purine Nucleosides1 (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDirective Influences in the Preparation of Purine Nucleosides1John A. Montgomery and H. Jeanette ThomasCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1963, 28, 9, 2304–2310Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01044a036https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01044a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views114Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Production of carbon single wall nanotubes versus experimental parameters (1998)

Bundles of carbon single wall nanotubes (SWNTs) are produced by sublimating selected metal mixtures and carbon in an inert atmosphere during an electric arc [1]. Various experimental parameters such as the nature and relative proportions of metallic catalysts [1] or the kind and pressure of gas can influence the quantity and geometry of bundles produced by the arc process. In this paper, we particularly focus on the role of the nature and pressure of gas used. Systematic studies have been made and we present the results obtained by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and High Resolution Raman Spectroscopy (HRRS).