gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Analgesia following a Single Application of Fentanyl Transdermal Solution in Pigs (2021)

This study confirms the pharmacological and clinical efficacy of FTS at 1.3 mg/kg in pigs throughout at least 7 postoperative days following laparotomy. The clinical analgesic effect of FTS appears more efficient and well-tolerated than the one observed with repeated injections of buprenorphine. This analgesic drug formulation could be universally used in animal research to provide optimal perioperative pain management and long-term analgesia.
Lifetime and Spin Relaxation Time Measurements of Micro-Fabricated GaAs Tips (2000)

The lifetime and the spin relaxation time of excited electrons in GaAs microtips tailored for scanning tunneling microscope (STM) with spin polarization detection were measured by time-resolved polarized photoluminescence at room temperature. The electron lifetime obtained from the tip-fabricated p-type GaAs substrate was about 20 ps shorter than that obtained from the GaAs substrate without microtips. This is attributed to the enhanced surface recombination in the microtip. The spin relaxation time was comparable to the electron lifetime for the tip-fabricated GaAs substrate. From electron lifetime and spin relaxation time, a respectable spin polarization of about 20% was evaluated in the tip-fabricated GaAs substrate, which was about 1.2 times larger than that in the GaAs substrate without microtips, under the 0° incident angle of the excitation light. The influence of oblique incidence of the excitation light is also discussed.
Generalized test tables: A powerful and intuitive specification language for reactive systems (2017)

With recent trends in manufacturing automation, such as Industry 4.0, control software in automated production systems becomes more and more complex and volatile, complicating and increasing importance of quality assurance. Test tables are a widely used and generally accepted means to intuitively specify test cases for automation software. However, each table only specifies a single software trace, whereas the actual software behavior may cover multiple similar traces not covered by the table. Within this work, we present a generalization concept for test tables allowing for bounded and unbounded repetition of steps, “don't-care” values, as well as calculations with earlier observed values. We provide a verification mechanism for checking conformance of an IEC 61131-3 PLC software with a generalized test table, making use of a state-of-the-art model checker. Our notation is inspired by widely-used paradigms found in spreadsheet applications. By an empirical study with mechanical engineering students, we show that the notation matches user expectations. A real-world example extracted from an industrial automation plant illustrates our approach.
Free fatty acid receptors, FFAR1 and FFAR4, are novel bronchodilator targets in mouse and human precision-cut lung slices (2018)

<b>Background:</b> Alternative dilator targets need to be identified for severe asthma, as excessive use of β<sub>2</sub>-adrenoceptor agonists causes desensitization and loss of efficacy. Free fatty acid receptors, FFAR1 and FFAR4, are highly expressed in mouse and human airways but their role in the regulation of contraction is unclear. <b>Aims:</b> To assess FFAR1/FFAR4 agonists as bronchodilators. <b>Methods:</b> Precision cut lung slices (PCLS) containing small airways (100-300 μm diam) were prepared to visualise changes in area in response to the dual FFAR1/FFAR4 agonists TUG891 (FFAR4-biased), GW9508 (FFAR1-biased) or salbutamol. Immunohistochemistry for FFARs was performed in airways from saline- and ovalbumin-challenged mice and from non-asthmatic and asthmatic subjects. <b>Results:</b> TUG891 and GW8508 caused slower relaxation than salbutamol but with greater efficacy in both mouse and human PCLS. β<sub>2</sub>-mediated relaxation was abolished with increasing pre-contraction with MCh or by overnight incubation with salbutamol. In contrast, responses to TUG891 and GW8508 were maintained in maximally contracted airways or after incubation with the same FFAR agonist or salbutamol. Expression of FFAR1 and FFAR4 was evident in airway epithelium and smooth muscle and unchanged after allergen challenge. <b>Conclusions:</b> FFAR1/FFAR4 agonists elicit airway relaxation under conditions that mimic severe asthma. Their activity profile relative to β<sub>2</sub>-agonists is favourable, showing resistance to homologous or heterologous desensitization and maintained efficacy in maximally contracted airways. Expression of FFAR1 and FFAR4 in asthmatic airways supports further investigation of these novel dilator targets.
A combined rheometry and imaging study of viscosity reduction in bacterial suspensions (2020)

Suspending self-propelled "pushers" in a liquid lowers its viscosity. We study how this phenomenon depends on system size in bacterial suspensions using bulk rheometry and particle-tracking rheoimaging. Above the critical bacterial volume fraction needed to decrease the viscosity to zero, [Formula: see text], large-scale collective motion emerges in the quiescent state, and the flow becomes nonlinear. We confirm a theoretical prediction that such instability should be suppressed by confinement. Our results also show that a recent application of active liquid-crystal theory to such systems is untenable.
An Overview of Corrosion Issues for the Design and Operation of High-Temperature Lead- and Lead-Bismuth-Cooled Reactor Systems (2004)

The viability of advanced Pb- or Pb-Bi–cooled fast reactor systems will depend on the development of classes of materials that can operate over the temperature range 650–1200°C. We briefly review the current state of the technology concerning the interaction of Pb and Pb-Bi alloys with structural materials. We then identify the key challenges to successful use of materials in these systems and suggest a path forward to the development of new materials and operating methods to allow higher-temperature operation. Our focus is on the necessary trade-offs that must be considered and how these trade-offs influence R&D choices. Our analysis suggests that three classes of materials will be needed for successful deployment of a lead-alloy–cooled reactor system. A lower-temperature qualified material will be necessary for the pressure boundary. The structural and cladding materials will require 1000°C- and 1200°C-class materials. The 1000°C-class material will be exposed to the 1000°C coolant. The 1200°C-class material will be required for the cladding and structural materials in the core region. The higher-temperature material will be required to accommodate anticipated temperature transients from potential accident scenarios, such as a loss of flow.
Frequency-selective MEMS for miniaturized low-power communication devices (1999)

With Q's in the tens to hundreds of thousands, micromachined vibrating resonators are proposed as integrated circuit-compatible tanks for use in the low phase-noise oscillators and highly selective filters of communications subsystems. To date, LF oscillators have been fully integrated using merged CMOS/microstructure technologies, and bandpass filters consisting of spring-coupled micromechanical resonators have been demonstrated in a frequency range from HF to VHF. In particular, two-resonator micromechanical bandpass filters have been demonstrated with frequencies up to 35 MHz, percent bandwidths on the order of 0.2%, and insertion losses less than 2 dB. Higher order three-resonator filters with frequencies near 455 kHz have also been achieved, with equally impressive insertion losses for 0.09% bandwidths, and with more than 64 dB of passband rejection. Additionally, free-beam single-pole resonators have recently been realized with frequencies up to 92 MHz and Q's around 8000. Evidence suggests that the ultimate frequency range of this high-Q tank technology depends upon material limitations, as well as design constraints, in particular, to the degree of electromechanical coupling achievable in microscale resonators.
The Many Roads to Cell Death: Gaining a Practical Understanding of Apoptosis, Necrosis, and Autophagy (2014)

Cell death is, ironically, an essential part of life. In recent years, the study and understanding of cell death pathways has been dramatically transformed by the insights gained into non-apoptotic pathways, including necro-apoptosis and autophagy, together with a deeper understanding of the mechanism of the apoptotic cascade. New discoveries have been enabled by cutting-edge technologies, particularly in the realm of cytometry and cell-death–specific markers. In this webinar, the latest insights into cell death pathways will be discussed, including the molecular markers and cellular changes that characterize each pathway. Viewers will also learn practical cytometry-based strategies for dissecting cell death pathways, and how to use the data to better understand the pathophysiology of diseases such as cancer as well as to uncover new targets for drug discovery and development.
ChemInform Abstract: 3,4.5,6.9,10‐TRIBENZOBICYCLO(6,2,0)DECAPENTAEN‐DIID (1970)

Abstract Aus dem Tribenzobicyclodecapentaen (I) entsteht durch Behandlung mit Kalium in THF im Vakuum über mehrere Zwischenstufen das planare, aromatische Dianion (II), das mit Wasser in 88%iger Ausbeute zur Dihydroverbindung (IIIa) bzw. mit Deuteriumoxid zur Dideuterioverbindung (IIIb) (93%Ausbeute) reagiert.
Unusual Oxaphosphoranes by Acyl Transfer from o-Acetoxy-o′-diphenylphosphanyltolane (1999)

A striking red color appears upon heating the colorless title compound 1 due to rearrangement to the oxaphosphorane 3. The initiating event in this transformation may involve intramolecular O-to-P acyl transfer to give 2, followed by P-to-C acyl transfer, or an unprecedented concerted addition of acetyl and phosphanyl groups to the triple bond.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Hydroamidation Reaction of Enones. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Pseudo-Random Code Phase Modulation and LFM Combined Pulse Trains Ranging System (2006)

A new combined signal-pseudo-random binary-phase code phase modulation and LFM combined pulse trains signal is proposed, and the frequency spectrum function, the ambiguity function and the range correlation function are deduced. The working principle of combined ranging system is illustrated in detail and the formula of signals in each stage is deduced and the Doppler signal and it's effect on the correlation output of combined ranging system is analyzed. Finally, the resolution, ambiguity characteristics and the range cut-off characteristic are studied. Research shows that the new combined ranging system is feasible and has advantageous performance
Relationship of Cardiac Chamber Volume to Baroreflex Activity in Normal Humans (1987)

The objectives of this study were to examine the effect of incremental lower body negative pressure (LBNP) on cardiac chamber volume and assess the relationship between cardiac chamber volume and baroreflex activation of the neurohormonal axis. Accordingly, echocardiographic determination of cardiac chamber volume and neurohormonal responses were studied in 14 normal subjects during incremental LBNP. LBNP -10 mm Hg decreased left atrial diameter and left ventricular systolic volume index, but did not alter heart rate, systolic or pulse pressure, or stroke volume. During LBNP -10 mm Hg, plasma norepinephrine levels increased, suggesting activation of the sympathetic nervous system. LBNP -40 mm Hg caused a significant decrease in left atrial diameter and left ventricular systolic, diastolic, and stroke volume indices. During LBNP -40 mm Hg, heart rate increased, and systolic and pulse pressure fell. With this more negative level of LBNP, norepinephrine, angiotensin II, aldosterone, and arginine vasopressin concentrations and PRA all increased. The findings that left atrial diameter decreased and plasma norepinephrine concentration increased during LBNP -10 mm Hg suggest that the sympathetic nervous system is sensitive to changes in atrial receptor activity. At higher levels of LBNP (-40 mm Hg), activation of the renin-angiotensin system and release of vasopressin were associated with a fall in left ventricular diastolic volume as well as a decrease in the pressure input to the arterial baroreceptors. Under this condition, the differential contribution of the cardiopulmonary and arterial baroreceptors to the regulation of the renin-angiotensin system and vasopressin release cannot be distinguished.
Robust Stability and Performance via Fixed-Order Dynamic Compensation (1989)

Two robust control-design problems are considered. The Robust Stabilization Problem involves deterministically modeled, bounded but unknown, time-varying parameter variations, while the Robust Performance Problem includes, in addition, a quadratic performance criterion averaged over stochastic disturbances and maximized over the admissible parameter variations. For both problems the design goal is a fixed-order (i.e., reduced- or full-order) dynamic (strictly proper) feedback compensator. A sufficient condition for solving the Robust Stabilization Problem is given by means of a quadratic Lyapunov function parameterized by the compensator gains. For the Robust Performance Problem the Lyapunov function provides an upper bound for the closed-loop performance. This leads to consideration of the Auxiliary Minimization Problem: Minimize the performance bound over the class of fixed-order controllers subject to the Lyapunov-function constraint. Necessary conditions for optimality in the auxiliary problem thus serve as sufficient conditions for robust stability and performance in the original problem. Two particular bounds are considered for constructing the quadratic Lyapunov function. The first corresponds to a right shift/ multiplicative white noise model, while the second was suggested by recent work of Petersen and Hollot. The main result is an extended version of the optimal projection equations for fixed-order dynamic compensation whose solutions are guaranteed to provide both robust stability and robust performance.
The Blunted Insulin Release After Exercise and the Relationship with Incretins (2011)

PURPOSE: During exercise training, an increase in insulin sensitivity is accompanied by a decrease in plasma insulin concentrations during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The purpose of this study was to investigate the role incretin hormones play in the blunted insulin release after exercise. Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) is an incretin hormone that causes insulin release after glucose ingestion. We hypothesized that both insulin and GIP concentrations during an OGTT would be lower after exercise compared to after 7 days of inactivity. METHODS: Nine healthy men (n = 5) and women (n = 4) currently engaged in endurance exercise (23 ± 2 y) underwent 5 d of exercise at ∼75% VO2peak for 60 min. An OGTT was performed immediately post-exercise (IPE), one day after exercise (Day 1) and one week later (Day 7). Subjects were inactive between Day 1 and Day 7 (no exercise exceeding normal activities of daily living). RESULTS: No change in body mass or body composition occurred during the study period. Glucose area under the curve (mmol/L × min) was significantly lower (P < 0.05) on Day 1 (160 ± 65) compared with IPE (233 ± 65) and was similar on Day 7 (186 ± 94). Although insulin sensitivity, as calculated by insulin-glucose index (pmol/L · min × mmol/L · min × 104), did not reach significance between Day 1 (569 ± 328) and Day 7 (1,023 ± 810), the plasma insulin response curve was significantly higher during the Day 7 OGTT compared with IPE (P < 0.05). Similarly, plasma GIP concentrations during the Day 7 OGTT were significantly higher than Day 1 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that GIP may play a role in the blunted insulin release after exercise. The role other incretins, such as Glucagon-like peptide-1, play in the reduced insulin response observed after exercise remains to be determined.
Protein losing enteropathy due to systemic lupus erythematosus. (1984)

We report the case of a 29 year old woman with a protein losing enteropathy caused by systemic lupus erythematosus presenting with periorbital oedema. Only three other cases of protein losing enteropathy due to systemic lupus erythematosus have been described, two of which were thought to be because of a primary enteropathy, although the exact pathogenesis was unknown. We suggest that both the protein losing enteropathy and periorbital oedema in this patient were because of increased capillary permeability to serum albumin, as a result of products of plasma C3 conversion which were present in large amounts. It is also of interest that the antigen/antibody system in this patient was RNP/anti-RNP and that DNA antibodies were not detected. This patient falls into a subset of systemic lupus erythematosus in which anti-DNA antibodies are not present, some of which appear to have a more favourable prognosis.
Notes: Chemistry of Lactones. IV. Conversion of α-Benzylidene-Υ-phenyl-Δ-butenolide into 4-Phenyl-2-naphthoic Acid by Intramolecular Alkylation (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNotes: Chemistry of Lactones. IV. Conversion of α-Benzylidene-Υ-phenyl-Δ-butenolide into 4-Phenyl-2-naphthoic Acid by Intramolecular AlkylationRobert Filler, Lourdes Mark, and Edmund PiasekCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1959, 24, 11, 1780–1781Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01093a044https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01093a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views58Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Localized Co-delivery of Doxorubicin, Cisplatin, and Methotrexate by Thermosensitive Hydrogels for Enhanced Osteosarcoma Treatment (2015)

Localized cancer treatments with combination drugs have recently emerged as crucial approaches for effective inhibition of tumor growth and reoccurrence. In this study, we present a new strategy for the osteosarcoma treatment by localized co-delivery of multiple drugs, including doxorubicin (DOX), cisplatin (CDDP) and methotraxate (MTX), using thermosensitive PLGA-PEG-PLGA hydrogels. The release profiles of the drugs from the hydrogels were investigated in vitro. It was found that the multidrug coloaded hydrogels exhibited synergistic effects on cytotoxicity against osteosarcoma Saos-2 and MG-63 cells in vitro. After a single peritumoral injection of the drug-loaded hydrogels into nude mice bearing human osteosarcoma Saos-2 xenografts, the hydrogels coloaded with DOX, CDDP, and MTX displayed the highest tumor suppression efficacy in vivo for up to 16 days, as well as led to enhanced tumor apoptosis and increased regulation of the expressions of apoptosis-related genes. Moreover, the monitoring on the mice body change and the ex vivo histological analysis of the key organs indicated that the localized treatments caused less systemic toxicity and no obvious damage to the normal organs. Therefore, the approach of localized co-delivery of DOX, CDDP, and MTX by the thermosensitive hydrogels may be a promising approach for enhanced osteosarcoma treatment.
Self-floating ability and initiating gradient photopolymerization of acrylamide aqueous solution of a water-soluble polysiloxane benzophenone photoinitiator (2013)

Three water-soluble polysiloxane benzophenone photoinitiators (W-Si-HBP2-A/B/C) with various silicon content used for preparing a gradient polymer were synthesized based on the traditional photoinitiator 4-hydroxybenzophenone (HBP) and aminopolysiloxane. The structures were confirmed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The water solubility of the photoinitiators, the effect of the silicon content on their triplet state lifetimes and photopolymerization property and the self-floating ability in the water system, and the internal connection between the surface morphology and property of the gradient polymer and film initiated by the photoinitiators were investigated. All three photoinitiators showed relatively good solubility in water, and longer triplet lifetimes and a smaller rate constant than HBP. It is found that the photoinitiator with the highest silicon content had the best floating capability due to lower surface tension and energy of polysiloxane. By using this photoinitiator, the gradient polymer with a significant molecular weight gradient was obtained. In addition, the polysiloxane-based photoinitiators can decrease the dispersion surface energy of the gradient polymer, and the increase of photoinitiator content can change the microstructure of the gradient polymer film. The new green method for preparing gradient polymeric material by using the polymerization technology and the water-soluble polysiloxane-based photoinitiators may have potential applications in the green chemical industry.
COMBINATORIAL P53 AND PTEN INACTIVATION PROMOTES INVASIVE BLADDER CANCER (2009)

You have accessJournal of Urology1 Apr 2009COMBINATORIAL P53 AND PTEN INACTIVATION PROMOTES INVASIVE BLADDER CANCER Catherine M. Seager, Anna M. Puzio-Kuter, Mireia Castillo-Martin, Lara R. Harik, James M. McKiernan, Carlos Cordon-Cardo, and Cory T. Abate-Shen Catherine M. SeagerCatherine M. Seager , Anna M. Puzio-KuterAnna M. Puzio-Kuter , Mireia Castillo-MartinMireia Castillo-Martin , Lara R. HarikLara R. Harik , James M. McKiernanJames M. McKiernan , Carlos Cordon-CardoCarlos Cordon-Cardo , and Cory T. Abate-ShenCory T. Abate-Shen View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(09)60976-9AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "COMBINATORIAL P53 AND PTEN INACTIVATION PROMOTES INVASIVE BLADDER CANCER." The Journal of Urology, 181(4S), p. 343 © 2009 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 181Issue 4SApril 2009Page: 343 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2009 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Catherine M. Seager More articles by this author Anna M. Puzio-Kuter More articles by this author Mireia Castillo-Martin More articles by this author Lara R. Harik More articles by this author James M. McKiernan More articles by this author Carlos Cordon-Cardo More articles by this author Cory T. Abate-Shen More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...