gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cleavage of unreactive bonds with pincer metal complexes (2011)

Since the first reports some three decades ago, the chemistry of pincer metal complexes has seen a tremendous development with impact on materials chemistry, supramolecular chemistry, bioorganometallics, and, presumably most significantly, on (catalytic) bond making and breaking processes. The remarkable progress is due to a large extent to the well-defined nature and tunability of the pincer ligand which allows the reactivity of the metal center to be modified and eventually tailored to specific needs. This Perspective summarizes the achievements in employing pincer complexes for mediating and catalyzing the cleavage of typically unreactive bonds such as C-H, C-C, C-E, and E-H bonds, arguably one of the most spectacular applications of pincer chemistry.
Iliac Branch Devices With Standard vs Fenestrated/Branched Stent-Grafts: Does Aneurysm Complexity Produce Worse Outcomes? Insights From the pELVIS Registry (2020)

<b>Purpose:</b> To compare the outcomes of iliac branch devices (IBD) used in combination with standard endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) vs with fenestrated/branched EVAR (f/bEVAR) to treat complex aortoiliac aneurysms. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> The pELVIS Registry database containing the outcomes of IBD use at 8 European centers was interrogated to identify all IBD procedures that were combined with either standard EVAR or f/bEVAR. Among 669 patients extracted from the database, 629 (mean age 72.1±8.8 years; 597 men) had received an IBD combined with standard EVAR vs 40 (mean age 71.1±8.0 years; 40 men) who underwent f/bEVAR with an IBD. The mean aortic aneurysm diameters were 46.4±13.3 mm in the f/bEVAR patients vs 45.0±15.5 mm in the standard EVAR cases. The groups were similar in terms of baseline clinical characteristics and aneurysm morphology. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to compare patient survival, IBD occlusion, type III endoleak, and aneurysm-related reinterventions in follow-up. The estimates are presented with the 95% confidence interval (CI). <b>Results:</b> Technical success was 100% in the f/bEVAR+IBD group and 99% in the EVAR+IBD group (p=0.85). The 30-day mortality was 0% vs 0.5%, respectively (p=0.66), while the 30-day reintervention rates were 7.5% vs 4.1% (p=0.31). The mean follow-up was 32.1±21.3 months for f/bEVAR+IBD patients (n=30) and 35.5±26.8 months for EVAR+IBD patients (n=571; p=0.41). The 12-month survival estimates were 93.4% (95% CI 93.2% to 93.6%) in the EVAR+IBD group vs 93.6% (95% CI 93.3% to 93.9%) for the f/bEVAR+IBD group (p=0.93). There were no occlusions or type III endoleaks in the f/bEVAR+IBD group at 12 months, while the estimates for freedom from occlusion and from type III endoleak in the EVAR+IBD group were 97% (95% CI 96.8% to 97.2%) and 98.5% (95% CI 98.4% to 98.6%), respectively. The 12-month estimates for freedom for aneurysm-related reintervention were 93% (95% CI 92.7% to 93.3%) in the EVAR+IBD group vs 86.4% (95% CI 85.9% to 86.9%) in the f/bEVAR+IBD patients (p=0.046). <b>Conclusion:</b> Treatment of complex aortoiliac disease with f/bEVAR+IBD can achieve equally good early and 1-year outcomes compared to treatment with IBDs and standard bifurcated stent-grafts, except for a somewhat higher reintervention rate in f/bEVAR patients.
Exploring rheological responses to uniaxial stretching of various entangled polyisoprene melts (2019)

The present study is carried out to determine whether marginally entangled melts behave differently in both startup uniaxial extension and stepwise extension and how entangled solutions and melts with a comparable number of entanglements per chain behave similarly or differently. It is found that there is still a yield-to-rupture transition in the weakly entangled polyisoprene (PI) melts. Specifically, even a PI melt with fewer than five entanglements per chain was found to undergo melt rupture as if there was chain crosslinking. On the other hand, such weakly entangled melts were unable to show a type of strain localization called tensile decohesion. Moreover, the PI melts with the relatively low molecular weights were observed to remain essentially intact after stepwise extension of a magnitude for which well-entangled PI melts of high molecular weight undergo elastic breakup. Finally, it was demonstrated that an entangled solution shows a stronger elastic response than entangled melt of comparable degree of entanglement.
Hyperspectral biomedical image formation (2003)

This paper describes the development of a signal and image processing system for the hyperspectral biomedical imager (HBI). The HBI forms hyperspectral images of human tissue with high spatial and spectral resolution. The final goal of the research project is to develop a fully functional HBI image formation/processing system based on Texas Instrument's TMS320C6X floating-point digital signal processing (DSP) chip. This would permit fast and efficient data processing, enhancing the utility of the HBI.
Nachhaltige Strategien gegen die COVID-19-Pandemie in Deutschland im Winter 2021/2022 (2021)

In this position paper, a large group of interdisciplinary experts outlines response strategies against the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the winter of 2021/2022 in Germany. We review the current state of the COVID-19 pandemic, from incidence and vaccination efficacy to hospital capacity. Building on this situation assessment, we illustrate various possible scenarios for the winter, and detail the mechanisms and effectiveness of the non-pharmaceutical interventions, vaccination, and booster. With this assessment, we want to provide orientation for decision makers about the progress and mitigation of COVID-19.
Compact dictionaries for fault diagnosis in BIST (2004)

We present a new technique for generating compact dictionaries for cause-effect diagnosis in BIST. This approach relies on the use of three compact dictionaries: (i) D/sub 1/, containing compacted LFSR signatures for a small number of patterns and faults with high detection probability, (ii) an interval-based pass/fail dictionary D/sub 2/ for the BIST patterns and for faults with relatively lower detection probability, and (iii) D/sub 3/, containing compacted LFSR signatures for clean-up ATPG vectors and random-resistant faults. We show that D/sub 2/, which is two orders of magnitude smaller than a maximal-resolution pass/fail dictionary, provides nearly the same diagnostic resolution as an uncompacted dictionary. We also show that by using a 16-bit LFSR signature for D/sub 1/ and D/sub 2/, we obtain three orders of magnitude reduction in dictionary size, yet nearly no loss in diagnostic resolution.
Superhydrophobic−Superhydrophilic Micropatterning on Flowerlike Alumina Coating Film by the Sol−Gel Method (2000)

A novel route to form superhydrophobic−superhydrophilic micropatterned coating film has been developed. UV light was irradiated on the superhydrophobic coating film which consists of three layers, a flowerlike Al2O3 gel film, a very thin TiO2 gel layer, and a FAS layer, to cleave the fluoroalkyl chain in FAS selectively, and well-defined superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic regions were formed.
Dollar-based Medicine: Funding Bias, Conflict of Interest and EBM (2004)

Health Librarians take pride in the information and education services they provide, believing that the end result will be improved care and treatment of patients, and increased knowledge in the medical sciences. However it's easy to toil away in the library while being almost oblivious to some of the storms raging outside the library doors in the wider medical community. The gale force of the evidence-based medicine (EBM) movement, with its emphasis on the accuracy of information resources, has however made a noticeable impact on health libraries. In this article I will discuss some challenges to EBM, and question the assumption that more research, and more information always leads to improved patient care and increased scientific knowledge.
Rheological Characteristics for Thin Film Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication (2005)

ABSTRACT This paper uses three lubrication models to explore the differential phenomenon in the status of thin film lubrication (TFL). According to the viscous adsorption theory, the modified Reynolds equation for thin film elastohydrodynamic lubrication (TFEHL) is derived. In this theory, the film thickness between lubricated surfaces is simplified as three fixed layers across the film, and the viscosity and density of the lubricant vary with pressure in each layer. Under certain conditions, such as a rough or concentrated contact of a nominally flat surface, films may be of nanometer scale. The thin film elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) analysis is performed on a surface forces (SF) model which includes van der waals and solvation forces. The results show that the proposed TFEHL model can reasonably calculate the film thickness and the average relative viscosity under thin film EHL. The adsorption layer thickness and the viscosity influence significantly the lubrication characteristics of the contact conjunction. The differences in pressure distribution and film shape between surface forces model and classical EHL model were obvious, especially in the Hertzian contact area. The solvation force has the greatest influence on pressure distribution.
Magnetron sputtering and laser patterning of high transition temperature Cu oxide films (1987)

High Tc Y-Ba-Cu-O films have been prepared by dc magnetron sputtering of metal alloy targets. To circumvent the negative ion effect, two alloy targets, YCu and BaCu, are sputtered in an argon atmosphere with an oxygen spray near the substrate. Films deposited on sapphire with onsets at 92 K and a 6° transition width (10–90%) have been achieved using this technique. These films have been successfully patterned with the technique of laser ablation.
Spectral Analysis for Physical Applications (1993)

This book is an up-to-date introduction to univariate spectral analysis at the graduate level, which reflects a new scientific awareness of spectral complexity, as well as the widespread use of spectral analysis on digital computers with considerable computational power. The text provides theoretical and computational guidance on the available techniques, emphasizing those that work in practice. Spectral analysis finds extensive application in the analysis of data arising in many of the physical sciences, ranging from electrical engineering and physics to geophysics and oceanography. A valuable feature of the text is that many examples are given showing the application of spectral analysis to real data sets. Special emphasis is placed on the multitaper technique, because of its practical success in handling spectra with intricate structure, and its power to handle data with or without spectral lines. The text contains a large number of exercises, together with an extensive bibliography.
A Differentially Pumped Particle Inlet for Sampling of Atmospheric Aerosols into a Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer: Optical Characterization of the Particle Beam (2000)

Two methods of characterizing the particle beam generated with a differentially pumped particle inlet are presented. Both methods are based on optical scattering of a laser beam by the particle beam. The first method images a time integrated scatter signal from the entire particle beam onto a charge coupled device (CCD), and an Abel inversion is performed on the image data to arrive at the radial particle density distribution in the beam. The second method, based on counting individual (particle) scatter pulses, yields the radial particle density directly. Initial results of the performance of the particle inlet are reported for particles with diameters between 40 and 800 nm. Under optimal working conditions, particle beams were generated with a full angle divergence on the order of 1-2 mrad. The width, measured 285 mm downstream from the exit of the particle inlet, was 250mu m, half width at half maximum (HWHM).
PET Image Reconstruction Using Information Theoretic Anatomical Priors (2010)

We describe a nonparametric framework for incorporating information from co-registered anatomical images into positron emission tomographic (PET) image reconstruction through priors based on information theoretic similarity measures. We compare and evaluate the use of mutual information (MI) and joint entropy (JE) between feature vectors extracted from the anatomical and PET images as priors in PET reconstruction. Scale-space theory provides a framework for the analysis of images at different levels of detail, and we use this approach to define feature vectors that emphasize prominent boundaries in the anatomical and functional images, and attach less importance to detail and noise that is less likely to be correlated in the two images. Through simulations that model the best case scenario of perfect agreement between the anatomical and functional images, and a more realistic situation with a real magnetic resonance image and a PET phantom that has partial volumes and a smooth variation of intensities, we evaluate the performance of MI and JE based priors in comparison to a Gaussian quadratic prior, which does not use any anatomical information. We also apply this method to clinical brain scan data using F(18) Fallypride, a tracer that binds to dopamine receptors and therefore localizes mainly in the striatum. We present an efficient method of computing these priors and their derivatives based on fast Fourier transforms that reduce the complexity of their convolution-like expressions. Our results indicate that while sensitive to initialization and choice of hyperparameters, information theoretic priors can reconstruct images with higher contrast and superior quantitation than quadratic priors.
Combined Experimental/Numerical Development of Propulsor Evaluation Capability (2010)

Propulsor design methods utilize Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to develop initial propulsor configurations and predict the full-scale in-water performance of these optimal designs. However, like all numerical models, these CFD models need experimental validation to provide a sufficient level of confidence in the design. The actual data needed to validate CFD models include propulsor inflow velocities and thrust and are impractical to collect for full-scale vehicles. As a result, the in-water propulsor performance can be significantly different than CFD predictions. Another approach in the propulsor design process is to experimentally test a subscale version of the vehicle and appropriately scale results. This scaling is often unreliable due to differences between open water conditions and the flow in the laboratory facility. This paper presents a method to combine CFD modeling with subscale experiments to improve full-scale propulsor performance prediction. Laboratory experiments were conducted on subscale generic torpedo models in the 12″ × 12″ water tunnel located at the Naval Undersea Warfare Center in Newport, Rhode Island. This model included an operational ducted post-swirl propulsor. Laser Doppler Velocimetry was used to measure several velocity profiles along the torpedo hull. The experimental data were used in this project to validate the CFD models constructed using the commercial CFD software, Fluent®. Initially, axisymmetric two-dimensional simulations investigated the bare body, hull only case, and a shrouded body without the propulsor. These models were selected to understand the axisymmetric flow development and investigate methods to best match the propulsor inflow. A variety of turbulence models including the realizable k-epsilon model and the Spallart-Almaras model were investigated and ultimately the numerical and experimental velocity profiles were found to match within 3%. Based on these water tunnel simulations, differences between the flow in the facility and open water could then be characterized. These differences quantified both the effect of Reynolds number as well as local flow acceleration due to tunnel blockage effects. Full 3-D flow simulations were then conducted with an operating propulsor and compared with the corresponding subscale experimental data. Finally, simulations were conducted for full-scale tests and compared with actual in-water data. While the in-water data was limited to propulsor rpm and vehicle velocity, the operating advance ratio could be determined as well as the estimated vehicle thrust. This provided a method to utilize CFD/experiments to bridge the gap between subscale and full-scale tests. The predicted in-water advance ratio of 1.87 was very close to the measured value of 1.75.
KnowNER: Incremental Multilingual Knowledge in Named Entity Recognition (2017)

KnowNER is a multilingual Named Entity Recognition (NER) system that leverages different degrees of external knowledge. A novel modular framework divides the knowledge into four categories according to the depth of knowledge they convey. Each category consists of a set of features automatically generated from different information sources (such as a knowledge-base, a list of names or document-specific semantic annotations) and is used to train a conditional random field (CRF). Since those information sources are usually multilingual, KnowNER can be easily trained for a wide range of languages. In this paper, we show that the incorporation of deeper knowledge systematically boosts accuracy and compare KnowNER with state-of-the-art NER approaches across three languages (i.e., English, German and Spanish) performing amongst state-of-the art systems in all of them.
Audibility of Changes in Geometric Shape, Source Directivity, and Absorptive Treatment-Experiments in Auralization (1993)

Some demonstrations of realistic room acoustic situations are presented which use computer models based on actual acoustic spaces as well as on idealized rooms. The object has been to document the responses to the technique from acousticians as well as from those who would benefit most from auralization in the long run: musicians and concertgoers
Lower-complexity direct symbol detector for multiuser MC-CDMA system using antenna array without vector channel estimation (2003)

This paper investigates the multicarrier code-division multiple access (MC-CDMA) system with the uniform linear array (ULA) at the base station, and a lower-complexity direct symbol detector is derived for multiple users within one macrocell without uplink space-frequency vector channel estimation. Being the byproduct, direction-of-arrivals (DOAs) of multiple users are also estimated. By segmenting the ULA into two overlapping subarrays, we construct an auxiliary matrix, which includes both symbol sequences and DOAs information of multiple users. Performing the eigen decomposition on the auxiliary matrix, we can obtain the closed-form solution of symbols and DOAs for multiple users. In comparison with schemes based on channel estimation, our algorithm need not explicitly estimate uplink space-frequency vector channels for multiple users, so it has a lower computation complexity. Simulations demonstrate the performance of our proposed algorithm.
Frequent detection of infectious xenotropic murine leukemia virus (XMLV) in human cultures established from mouse xenografts (2011)

Human cultures derived after mouse xenografting frequently contain and release highly infectious xenotropic MLV viruses. Laboratories working with xenograft-derived human cultures should be aware of the risk of contamination with potentially biohazardous human-tropic mouse viruses and their horizontal spread to other cultures.
Admission control and resource allocation for LTE uplink systems (2010)

Long Term Evolution (LTE) radio technologies aim not only to increase the capacity of mobile telephone networks, but also to provide high throughput, low latency, an improved end-to-end Quality of Service (QoS) and a simple architecture. The Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has defined Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA) as the access technique for the uplink and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) for the downlink. It is well known that scheduling and admission control play an important role for QoS provisioning, and that they are strongly related. Knowing that we can take full advantage of this property we can design an admission control mechanism that uses the design criterion of the scheduling scheme. In this thesis, we developed two new algorithms for handling single-class resource allocation and two algorithms for handling multi-class resource allocation, as well as a new admission control scheme for handling multi-class Grade of Service (GoS) and QoS in uplink LTE systems. We also present a combined solution that uses the resource allocation and the admission control properties to satisfy the GoS and QoS requirements. System performance is evaluated using simulations. Numerical results show that the proposed scheduling algorithms can handle multi-class QoS in LTE uplink systems with a little increase in complexity, and can be used in conjunction with admission control to meet the LTE requirements. In addition, the proposed admission control algorithm gain for the most sensitive traffic can be increased without sacrificing the overall system capacity. At the same time, guaranteeing GoS and maintaining the basic QoS requirements for all the admitted requests.
Heterogeneous Microring and Mach-Zehnder Lithium Niobate Electro-Optical Modulators on Silicon (2015)

Heterogeneous integration of submicron films of lithium niobate on silicon substrates, rib-loaded with chalcogenide glass, is used to demonstrate lithium niobate microring modulators with Q of 1.2×105 and Mach-Zehnder modulators with Vπ.L of 3.8 V.cm.
Error Analysis of the Square Root Operation for the Purpose of Precision Tuning: a Case Study on K-means (2019)

International audience
Hiding an Image inside another Image using Variable-Rate Steganography (2013)

A new algorithm is presented for hiding a secret image in the least significant bits of a cover image. The images used may be color or grayscale images. The number of bits used for hiding changes according to pixel neighborhood information of the cover image. The exclusive-or (XOR) of a pixel’s neighbors is used to determine the smoothness of the neighborhood. A higher XOR value indicates less smoothness and leads to using more bits for hiding without causing noticeable degradation to the cover image. Experimental results are presented to show that the algorithm generally hides images without significant changes to the cover image, where the results are sensitive to the smoothness of the cover image.
Dynamics of acoustic droplet vaporization in gas embolotherapy (2010)

Acoustic droplet vaporization is investigated in a theoretical model. This work is motivated by gas embolotherapy, a developmental cancer treatment involving tumor infarction with gas microbubbles that are selectively formed from liquid droplets. The results indicate that there exists a threshold value for initial droplet size below which the bubble evolution is oscillatory and above which it is smooth and asymptotic, and show that the vaporization process affects the subsequent microbubble expansion. Dampening of the bubble expansion is observed for higher viscosity and surface tension, with effects more pronounced for droplet size less than 6 mum in radius.