gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pustulosis palmoplantaris is a disease distinct from psoriasis (2010)

Pustulosis palmoplantaris (PPP) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with a considerable impairment of quality of life and is characterized by sterile pustules and red, scaly skin on the palms and soles. The position of PPP in relation to psoriasis is unclear. Some authors regard PPP as a distinct disease entity, whereas others categorize PPP as a manifestation of psoriasis. Related to this discussion is the question on the treatment of PPP. Should the treatment of PPP follow the guidelines for psoriasis or is it a disease that has to be treated in a different way? The purpose of this editorial is to review the differences between PPP and psoriasis and to understand these differences with respect to the pathogenesis and treatment.
Digital communications using self-phased arrays (2002)

A new technique for full duplex digital communications using adaptive phase conjugation is presented. The technique is based on mixing the RF signal to an intermediate frequency where it can be easily processed, and filtering the phase of the IF signal to separate the geometry phase and the message phase. A 6 GHz microstrip retrodirective antenna array was built, together with the signal IF processing needed for full duplex operation. The measured RCS values of a circular array are much flatter and are 0 to -5 dB up to /spl plusmn/80/spl deg/. Two way digital communications at a baud rate of 78 kbits/sec was also demonstrated with BER <10/sup -6/ for SNRs around 10 dB. The application areas are in high-performance digital mobile telecommunications for commercial and military applications.
Smoke and flame detection in video sequences based on static and dynamic features (2013)

In this paper we propose efficient smoke and flame detection algorithms for intelligent video surveillance systems. Our algorithms consider dynamic and static features of smoke and flame: contrast, color, texture features and motion. For smoke detection the approach uses motion and contrast as the two key features of smoke. Motion is a primary sign and is used at the beginning for extraction from a current frame of candidate areas. In addition to consider a direction of smoke distribution the movement estimation based on the optical flow is applied. For flame detection we use color image segmentation, temporal and spatial wavelet analyses on the first step. After that color and texture features for candidate flame regions are extracted. Texture features are defined based on normalized gray level co-occurrence matrix after computation of local binary pattern. Experimental results are presented in the paper.
Caracterización de las enzimas digestivas de la langosta Panulirus argus (Latreille, 1804): factores intrínsecos y extrínsecos que intervienen en su regulación (2012)

Dado el desconocimiento sobre las bases bioquimicas de la digestion en la langosta P. argus, en esta Tesis Doctoral se estudia desde la descripcion general de las principales enzimas de P. argus, hasta el efecto del alimento sobre las principales proteasas digestivas y su regulacion a nivel de secrecion y expresion genica. El objetivo general fue estudiar las enzimas digestivas de la langosta P. argus con enfasis en las enzimas tipo tripsina, asi como analizar el valor adaptativo de la presencia de multiples tripsinas y sus mecanismos de regulacion. Para ello, se caracterizaron las principales enzimas digestivas de la langosta usando una combinacion de ensayos enzimaticos y electroforeticos, se describieron los diferentes fenotipos presentes en la especie en dependencia de las isoformas presentes de tripsina, se estudiaron las variaciones de las principales enzimas digestivas con los estadios de la muda y de desarrollo, se estudio la digestibilidad in vitro de proteinas en individuos con diferente fenotipo, asi como se purificaron las diferentes isoformas y se caracterizaron cineticamente. Ademas, se estudio la diversidad de tripsinas en la glandula digestiva de la langosta a nivel molecular, clonandose varias enzimas tipo tripsinas pertenecientes a, al menos, tres familias genicas diferentes. Las enzimas se caracterizaron estructuralmente y se estudio la relacion de su expresion genica y su secrecion al tracto digestivo en relacion con el alimento ingerido. Finalmente, se propone un mecanismo de regulacion para las enzimas tipo tripsina en la langosta y se proponen estudios futuros para una mejor comprension de la digestion en langostas, asi como se hacen recomendaciones para la elaboracion de piensos para estos crustaceos.
Functional Status of Older Nursing Home Residents Can Affect the Efficacy of Influenza Vaccination (2012)

Influenza vaccination was associated with reduced all-cause mortality in older nursing home residents with different functional statuses. Vaccine efficacy in reducing mortality declined with increasingly impaired functional status.
Population-Based Studies of Varicella Complications (1986)

Population-based data on vanicella complications are presented using information both from national sample surveys of hospitalizations and physician office visits and from reviews of medical records for all cases occurring within one community (Olmsted County, Minnesota) during a specified period. Acute cerebellar ataxia is the most common neurologic complication of varicella and occurs about once in 4,000 vanicella cases among children younger than 15 years of age. Among adults, varicella pneumonia is the most common complication and results in hospitalization about once in every 400 varicella cases. Overall, varicella accounts for approximately 4,000 hospitalizations and 364,000 physician office visits annually in the United States and represents an important continuing source of childhood and adult morbidity.
Intraluminal polypoid metastasis of renal cell carcinoma in gallbladder mimicking gallbladder polyp. (2010)

Metastatic clear cell RCC should be considered in the differential diagnosis of polypoid lesion of the gallbladder with clear cell morphology. Solitary metastasis of RCC in gallbladder correlated with better survival, and simple cholecystectomy for solitary metastatic RCC may provide patients with favorable long-term survival.
Multiparameter flow cytometry of bacteria: Implications for diagnostics and therapeutics (2001)

Variations in metabolic patterns between species and within organisms under suboptimal culture conditions or following antibiotic exposure may make it difficult to develop flow cytometric clinical assays for antibiotic susceptibility. However, transient permeabilization of otherwise resistant organisms by sublethal doses of antibiotics may make it possible to treat infections by such organisms with suitably derivatized, otherwise toxic molecules; multiparameter cytometry should be useful in pursuing this approach to therapy.
Long Period Oscillations in Basins of Arbitrary Shapes (1965)

The equation of continuity and the equation of motion for two-dimensional shallow-water waves are transformed into a set of difference equations which can be solved numerically to obtain the fundamental period and the periods of the higher modes of oscillation of a closed basin of arbitrary shape. From these periods and the difference equations the corresponding amplitude variations are obtained. By modifying the boundary conditions used, with certain restrictions, the modes of oscillation of a fully open harbor can be determined. The data necessary for the solution of both cases are the distribution of the cross section areas and the surface widths along the talweg of the basin (the line of maximum depth). The exact solutions which describe the lowest mode of oscillation of basins of simple geometry, e. g., circular and eliptical, are compared to the results of this approach. In addition the fundamental and the higher modes of oscillation of three actual harbors are discussed. The agreement obtained by this method compared to others is considered to be reasonably good. Some considerations of the case of three-dimensional forced oscillations are presented.
Total Synthesis of Altenuene and Isoaltenuene (2006)

Abstract Total synthesis of altenuene and isoaltenuene, toxins produced by various alternaria fungi, were achieved for the first time in ten steps, starting with quinic acid and commercially available acetal‐protected phloroglucinic acid, with the longest linear sequence consisting of seven steps. The key reactions are palladium‐catalyzed Suzuki‐type couplings between an arene boronate and iodinated cyclohexenes. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
ChemInform Abstract: Transformations of Dimethyl (2E,3E)‐2‐ [(Dimethylamino)methylene] ‐3‐(1‐methyl‐2,5‐dioxoimidazolidin‐4‐ylidene)succinate with C‐Nucleophiles. (2011)

Abstract The transformations of imidazolidinedione derivatives (I) and (VIII) with dicarbonyl compounds like (II) and (IX) into pyrano[2,3‐d]pyrimidine (V) and chromene (X) derivatives are described.
Glycolipid-dependent and lectin-driven transcytosis in mouse enterocytes (2021)

Glycoproteins and glycolipids at the plasma membrane contribute to a range of functions from growth factor signaling to cell adhesion and migration. Glycoconjugates undergo endocytic trafficking. According to the glycolipid-lectin (GL-Lect) hypothesis, the construction of tubular endocytic pits is driven in a glycosphingolipid-dependent manner by sugar-binding proteins of the galectin family. Here, we provide evidence for a function of the GL-Lect mechanism in transcytosis across enterocytes in the mouse intestine. We show that galectin-3 (Gal3) and its newly identified binding partner lactotransferrin are transported in a glycosphingolipid-dependent manner from the apical to the basolateral membrane. Transcytosis of lactotransferrin is perturbed in Gal3 knockout mice and can be rescued by exogenous Gal3. Inside enterocytes, Gal3 is localized to hallmark structures of the GL-Lect mechanism, termed clathrin-independent carriers. These data pioneer the existence of GL-Lect endocytosis in vivo and strongly suggest that polarized trafficking across the intestinal barrier relies on this mechanism.
Predictive features associated with chronic spontaneous urticaria recurrence (2021)

When chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is resolved, patients are often apprehensive about the likelihood of recurrence, and want to know if we can predict this using clinical or laboratory markers. This question is crucial because CSU is frequently accompanied by a high incidence of stressful comorbidities, and the fear of experiencing this again can be devastating to the patient. This study was designed with the aim of focusing on the prevalence and characteristics of the recurrence of CSU. We used our CSU patient registry that includes data on 180 patients who are followed periodically. In 23 (13%) patients, CSU was resolved during the first year. In 47 (26%) patients, CSU lasted more than 5 years. The recurrence of CSU was recorded in 21% of our patients after having experienced a full remission anywhere between 1 to 10 years (mean ± 2.9 years). While investigating predictive clinical or laboratory markers, we noticed that bronchial asthma existed in 10/25 (40%) of patients in whom CSU recurred as compared with 45/180 (25%) in the general CSU population (p = 0.049). In addition, increased levels of total immunoglobulin (Ig)E were found in 10/25 (40%) of the recurrence group as compared with 34/150 (23%) of the general CSU group (p = 0.04). Anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies were also found in 11/25 (44%) of the recurrence group as compared with 32/160 (20%) of the general group (p = 0.003). The prevalence of CSU recurrence after a full remission is significantly higher among patients with existing bronchial asthma, increased levels of total IgE, and autoimmunity. Further studies are required in order to substantiate this important issue.
Airway extraction from 3D chest CT volumes based on iterative extension of VOI enhanced by cavity enhancement filter (2017)

Airway segmentation is an important step in analyzing chest CT volumes for computerized lung cancer detection, emphysema diagnosis, asthma diagnosis, and pre- and intra-operative bronchoscope navigation. However, obtaining an integrated 3-D airway tree structure from a CT volume is a quite challenging task. This paper presents a novel airway segmentation method based on intensity structure analysis and bronchi shape structure analysis in volume of interest (VOI). This method segments the bronchial regions by applying the cavity enhancement filter (CEF) to trace the bronchial tree structure from the trachea. It uses the CEF in each VOI to segment each branch and to predict the positions of VOIs which envelope the bronchial regions in next level. At the same time, a leakage detection is performed to avoid the leakage by analysing the pixel information and the shape information of airway candidate regions extracted in the VOI. Bronchial regions are finally obtained by unifying the extracted airway regions. The experiments results showed that the proposed method can extract most of the bronchial region in each VOI and led good results of the airway segmentation.
Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of sodium alginate for all animal species (ALGAIA) (2022)

Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of sodium alginate for all animal species. The additive is intended to be used as a technological additive (functional groups: thickeners and gelling agents). Sodium alginate is intended to be used in feedingstuffs for all animal species at a proposed minimum concentration of 2,000 mg/kg feed and a maximum concentration of to 30,000 mg/kg feed. The data provided for the composition of the additive does not allow a proper assessment of the product consistency, purity and physico-chemical properties. Sodium alginate is not irritant to skin but should be considered irritant to eyes, a skin and respiratory sensitiser and hazardous by inhalation. Sodium alginate is a high-molecular-weight polymer naturally occurring in brown algae. The use of sodium alginate in animal nutrition is considered safe for the consumers and the environment. No conclusion could be drawn on the safety of sodium alginate for the target species or on its efficacy as a thickener or gelling agent in feed.
Natural Frequencies and Vibrating Modes for a Magnetic Planetary Gear Drive (2012)

In this paper, a dynamic model for a magnetic planetary gear drive is proposed. Based on the model, the dynamic equations for the magnetic planetary gear drive are given. From the magnetic meshing forces and torques between the elements for the drive system, the tangent and radial magnetic meshing stiffness is obtained. Using these equations, the natural frequencies and the modes of the magnetic planetary gear drive are investigated. The sensitivity of the natural frequencies to the system parameters is discussed. Results show that the pole pair number and the air gap have obvious effects on the natural frequencies. For the planetary gear number larger than two, the vibrations of the drive system include the torsion mode of the center elements, the translation mode of the center elements, and the planet modes. For the planetary gear number equal to two, the planet mode does not occur, the crown mode and the sun gear mode occur.
Time Varying Doppler-Shift Compensation for OFDM-Based Shallow Underwater Acoustic Communication Systems (2011)

In this paper, a time varying Doppler-shift compensation scheme for wideband orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) suitable for shallow water communications is proposed. This scheme accommodates a channel model having velocity that accelerate and de-accelerate during a packet of multiple OFDM frames. Furthermore, it assumes that the Doppler-shift varies linearly during the symbol time. To deal with this variation, the time expansion/compression is measured within a fraction of the sample period and then compensated using sample-by-sample interpolation. The Doppler-shift and its residual are frequently estimated during the symbol time to mitigate the inter-carrier interference (ICI) by estimating the first order moment of the cyclic prefix correlation. Additionally, in this technique, the fractional deviation of the sub-carrier spacing, which is considered to be the source of ICI, is estimated by exploiting the fractional part of the normalized sampling frequency offset. The proposed algorithm performance is investigated with real data obtained from an experiment that took place in the North Sea in 2009. In addition, results show that the technique is robust and more pragmatic than existing cyclic prefix (CP)-based algorithms.
Duplication and Suppression of Chloroplast Protein Translocation Genes in Maize (2001)

The HCF106 (high chlorophyll fluorescence) gene of maize encodes a chloroplast membrane protein required for translocation of a subset of proteins across the thylakoid membrane. Mutations in HCF106 caused by the insertion of Robertson's Mutator transposable elements have been mapped to chromosome 2S. Here we show that there is a closely related homolog of HCF106 encoded elsewhere in the maize genome (HCF106c) that can partially compensate for these mutations. This homolog maps on chromosome 10L and is part of the most recent set of segmental duplications in the maize genome. Triple mutants that are disrupted in both the HCF106 and Sec-dependent protein translocation pathways provide evidence that they act independently. The HCF106c gene accounts for a previously reported exception to the correlation between epigenetic suppression of hcf106 and methylation of Mutator transposons. We also demonstrate that insertions of Robertson's Mutator elements into either introns or promoters can lead to mutations whose phenotypes are suppressed in the absence of Mu activity, while alleles with insertions in both positions are not suppressed. The implications of these observations are discussed.
On the Nonlinear Relationship between kobs and Reductant Mass Loading in Iron Batch Systems (2005)

A first-order relationship between reaction rate and reductant loading is commonly invoked (but rarely verified) for granular iron batch systems. In this study, a linear relationship between the pseudo-first-order rate constant (k(obs)) for polyhalogenated alkane reduction and iron mass loading (rhom) was only obtained when reduction appeared to be mass-transport-limited. For most alkyl polyhalides, a nonlinear relationship was observed under various experimental conditions, causing surface-area-normalized rate constants (k(SA)) to decrease by as much as an order of magnitude with increasing rhom. While a detailed explanation for this nonlinearity remains unclear, the reaction order in rhom (from plots of log(k(obs)) versus log(rhom)) approached unity as the system pH decreased, suggesting that the behavior may be linked to changes in the thickness of a passive oxide overlayer. We obtained strong linear correlations between k(obs) values and the concentration of aqueous iron(ll) generated over a 24 h period in batch systems with that same rhom. Equally strong correlations were obtained when k(obs) was related to the summed concentration of protons and water reduced over an equivalent time interval at that same rhom. Such correlations suggest a possible link between those sites responsible for proton/water reduction and the surface species participating in alkyl polyhalide reduction by granular iron.
Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of Low-Spin Manganese(III)−Poly(pyrazolyl)borate Complexes (2007)

The manganese(III)-bis[poly(pyrazolyl)borate] complexes, Mn(pzb)2SbF6, where pzb- = tetrakis(pyrazolyl)borate (pzTp) (1), hydrotris(pyrazolyl)borate (Tp) (2), or hydrotris(3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl)borate (Tp*) (3), have been synthesized by oxidation of the corresponding Mn(pzb)2 compounds with NOSbF6. The Mn(III) complexes are low-spin in solution and the solid state (microeff = 2.9-3.8 microB). X-ray crystallography confirms their uncommon low-spin character. The close conformity of mean Mn-N distances of 1.974(4), 1.984(5), and 1.996(4) A in 1, 2, and 3, respectively, indicates absence of the characteristic Jahn-Teller distortion of a high-spin d4 center. N-Mn-N bite angles of slightly less than 90 degrees within the facially coordinated pzb- ligands produce a small trigonal distortion and effective D3d symmetry in 1 and 2. These angles increase to 90.0(4)degrees in 3, yielding an almost perfectly octahedral disposition of N donors in Mn(Tp*)2+. Examination of structural data from 23 metal-bis(pzb) complexes reveals systematic changes within the metal-(pyrazolyl)borate framework as the ligand is changed from pzTp to Tp to Tp*. These deformations consist of significant increases in M-N-N, N-B-N, and N-N-B angles and a minimal increase in Mn-N distance as a consequence of the steric demands of the 3-methyl groups. Less effective overlap of pyrazole lone pairs with metal atom orbitals resulting from the M-N-N angular displacement is suggested to contribute to the lower ligand field strength of Tp* complexes. Mn(pzb)2+ complexes undergo electrochemical reduction and oxidation in CH3CN. The electrochemical rate constant (ks,h) for reduction of t2g4 Mn(pzb)2+ to t2g3eg2 Mn(pzb)2 (a coupled electron-transfer and spin-crossover reaction) is 1-2 orders of magnitude smaller than that for oxidation of t2g4 Mn(pzb)2+ to t2g3 Mn(pzb)22+. ks,h values decrease as Tp* > pzTp > Tp for the Mn(pzb)2+/0 electrode reactions, which contrasts with the behavior of the comparable Fe(pzb)2+/0 and Co(pzb)2+/0 couples.
Fault diagnosis and logic debugging using Boolean satisfiability (2004)

Recent advances in Boolean satisfiability have made it attractive to solve many digital VLSI design problems such as verification and test generation. Fault diagnosis and logic debugging have not been addressed by existing satisfiability-based solutions. We attempt to bridge this gap by proposing a model-free satisfiability-based solution to these problems. The proposed formulation is intuitive and easy to implement. It shows that satisfiability captures significant problem characteristics and it offers different trade-offs. It also provides new opportunities for satisfiability-based diagnosis tools and diagnosis-specific satisfiability algorithms. Theory and experiments validate the claims and demonstrate its potential.
ChemInform Abstract: Organopalladium Approaches to Prostaglandins. Part 8. Ethyl (Acetoxymercurio)acetate Approach to Prostaglandin Endoperoxide Analogues. (1987)

Abstract Norbornene (I) is coupled with the octenone (II) and the acetoxymercurioacetate (III) in the presence of a Pd(II) catalyst to yield the oxoalkenylnorbornylacetate (IV) as the main product, together with the bis(norbornanyl) derivative (V).
Synthesis of microporous hydrogen-bonded supramolecular organic frameworks through guanosine self-assembly (2021)

Extending the structural hierarchy and complexity through small-molecular self-assembly is a powerful way to obtain large discrete, functional molecular architecture. A hydrogen-bonded supramolecular organic framework (H<sub>S</sub>OF) with nanometer-size pores is constructed in a solid state with simple guanosine-monomer self-assembly. To extend the hierarchy of the G-quartet self-assembly to a higher order thanthatofthetraditionalG-quadruplex,H-bondacceptorsontheC-8 position of guanosine are introduced to establish inter-quadruplex linkage via H bonding to N(2)-H<sub>B</sub> from the neighboring G-quartet. After screening different C-8 substitution groups and various synthesis conditions, H<sub>S</sub>OF-G1a' is obtained by solvent evaporation under diluted condition. Single-crystal X-ray structure reveals that cubic repeating units formed by G<sub>8</sub> are the supermolecule secondary building block (SBU) with large pores (d=34A). To our knowledge, this is the first G-quartet self-assembly with an organized structure beyond cylindrical G-quadruplexes.