gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Edge Spreading Lithography and Its Application to the Fabrication of Mesoscopic Gold and Silver Rings (2004)

A new form of edge lithography, edge spreading lithography (ESL), has been demonstrated and applied to the formation of coinage metal rings. In this process, alkanethiols are delivered from a flat PDMS stamp to the surface of a metal film through a two-dimensional array of spherical silica colloids. The thiols further spread on the metal surface, forming highly ordered SAMs in the form of a ring pattern. Following lift-off of beads, the pattern in the SAMs can be transferred into the metal film through wet chemical etching, with SAMs serving as the resist. The dimensions of the rings can be readily controlled by several parameters such as the beads diameter, the concentration of the thiol solution, and the contact time between the stamp and the silica beads.
Syntheses of Anthraquinone Derivatives Containing Cyclohexylamino Group (1966)

1-Cyclohexylamino-, 1-bromo-4-cyclohexylamino-, 1-amino-4-cyclohexylamino-and 1, 4-his (cyclohexylamino)-anthraquinones were synthesized from 1-chloroanthraquinone. Their visible absorption spectra in solution were measured and their dyeing properties on synthetic fibers evaluated. When compared with the corresponding amino-, methylamino-, isopropylamino-, and anilin oanalogs, etc., cyclohexylaminoanthraquinones showed the absorption peaks at longer wavelength. It thus seems that cyclohexylamino group is most effective in shifting the absorption maximum. In general, those visible absorption peaks appeared at longer wavelengths in nonpolar solvent such as benzene than in polar solvent such as ethanol. Their dyeing properties on synthetic fibers were of 2-3 grade, except that of 1, 4-his (cyclohexylamino) anthraquinone which is of 1 grade.
Using a Stochastic Complexity Measure to Check the Efficient Market Hypothesis (2002)

market efficiency, stochastic complexity, context tree, data compression, compression thresholds, TA25
First-Line Gefitinib in Patients With Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Harboring SomaticEGFRMutations (2008)

First-line therapy with gefitinib administered in a genotype-directed fashion to patients with advanced NSCLC harboring EGFR mutations results in very favorable clinical outcomes with good tolerance. This strategy should be compared with combination chemotherapy, the current standard of care.
Modeling of Biaxial Deformation of Airbag Fabrics Using Artificial Neural Nets (1995)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Supplemental airbag safety restraint systems are an integral part of today's vehicle package. This inflatable restraint technology relies heavily on woven fabrics and particularly on knowledge pertaining to a fabric's permeability as a function of pressure drop, inflation temperature of the gas and fabric weave. While fabric permeability can be quantified by actual experimental measurements, the number and non-linearity of the variables involved make the experiments time and cost intensive. Moreover, interpolations within a given data set yield questionable results.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;For these reasons a feed-forward artificial neural network (ANN) technique was utilized to predict fabric permeability. This is an interpretive procedure. An ANN routine must first be trained. During this training the ANN is introduced to actual cause and effect patterns with adjustments being made by changes in weighting factors until the errors in the output variables are minimized. Once trained, ANN can ascertain the essentials of the relationships and do so automatically.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In this study, a set of the input patterns on the fabric permeability was introduced during the ANN training phase. Then the individual weights for the interconnections between nodes were adjusted until the inputs of temperature, pressure drop and fabric type yielded the required permeability output. In this way the ANN learned the desired input-output response behavior. After the initial training, the ANN was tested on additional data that were not part of the training processes. The predictions of the trained network agreed very well with these new experimental data.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This study indicates that ANN can be an effective tool in modeling airbag fabric behavior. This processes requires time and experimental data for training. However, once trained, only fractions of a second are needed for information assimilation and output generation. This coupled with simplicity of use and accuracy of predictions make ANN attractive for on-line applications.&lt;/div&gt;
Dalla stratificazione manuale alla tecnologia ad infusione (2012)

In the present paper, five different resin systems (epoxy, vinylester, ortophtalic, isoneophentilic and polyester) were evaluated in order to assess their proprieties in the manufacturing of a rib hull by means of infusion process. Their performances were also compared to the current system (polyester for hand lay-up). Laminates were produced under monitored conditions (vapor emissions, polymerization periods and polymerization temperatures) and then characterized by means of flexural and interlaminar shear tests.\n\nCinque sistemi di resina (epossidico, vinilestere, poliestere, poliestere ortoftalico e poliestere isoneopentilico) sono stati utilizzati nella produzione tramite la tecnologia ad infusione di un laminato rinforzato con fibre di vetro rappresentativo dello scafo di un gommone. I laminati così ottenuti sono stati caratterizzati meccanicamente tramite prove di flessione e taglio interlaminare e i relativi risultati confrontati con quelli ottenuti da un laminato di riferimento ottenuto per stratificazione manuale di resina poliestere e identico tessuto di rinforzo. Tutti i laminati sono stati prodotti in condizioni monitorate registrando l’emissione dei gas volatili e i tempi richiesti dal processo.
Characterization of the molecular mechanisms underlying increased ischemic damage in the aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 genetic polymorphism using a human induced pluripotent stem cell model system (2014)

Nearly 8% of the human population carries an inactivating point mutation in the gene that encodes the cardioprotective enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2). This genetic polymorphism (ALDH2*2) is linked to more severe outcomes from ischemic heart damage and an increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), but the underlying molecular bases are unknown. We investigated the ALDH2*2 mechanisms in a human model system of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) generated from individuals carrying the most common heterozygous form of the ALDH2*2 genotype. We showed that the ALDH2*2 mutation gave rise to elevated amounts of reactive oxygen species and toxic aldehydes, thereby inducing cell cycle arrest and activation of apoptotic signaling pathways, especially during ischemic injury. We established that ALDH2 controls cell survival decisions by modulating oxidative stress levels and that this regulatory circuitry was dysfunctional in the loss-of-function ALDH2*2 genotype, causing up-regulation of apoptosis in cardiomyocytes after ischemic insult. These results reveal a new function for the metabolic enzyme ALDH2 in modulation of cell survival decisions. Insight into the molecular mechanisms that mediate ALDH2*2-related increased ischemic damage is important for the development of specific diagnostic methods and improved risk management of CAD and may lead to patient-specific cardiac therapies.
A novel synthesis of an ochotensine-type isoquinoline by thermolysis (1973)

T. Kametani, T. Takahashi and K. Ogasawara, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1973, 1464 DOI: 10.1039/P19730001464
XPS, AES and Raman Studies of an Antitarnish Film on Tin (1991)

For protecting tin from tarnishing, ethylenediamine-tetramethyli-dene-phosphonic acid (EDTMP) was found to be more effective than chromate, molybdate, and other agents. A 10-minute treatment in 5 to 10 g/L of EDTMP with a pH of 1 to 4 at 25 to 80°C formed a corrosion-resistant complex film, which was composed of 48.0% 0, 10.7% Sn, 7.7% N, 23.1% C, and 10.5% P, based on x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) determinations. From differences in the binding energies of Sn, N and O before and after film formation, and from the R−PO32− - and Sn-N vibrations in the Raman spectra for the film it was deduced that N and O in EDTMP were coordinated with Sn in the film.
Energy-Aware, Collision-Free Information Gathering for Heterogeneous Robot Teams (2022)

This paper considers the problem of safely coordinating a team of sensor-equipped robots to reduce uncertainty about a dynamical process, where the objective trades off information gain and energy cost. Optimizing this trade-off is desirable, but leads to a non-monotone objective function in the set of robot trajectories. Therefore, common multi-robot planners based on coordinate descent lose their performance guarantees. Furthermore, methods that handle non-monotonicity lose their performance guarantees when subject to inter-robot collision avoidance constraints. As it is desirable to retain both the performance guarantee and safety guarantee, this work proposes a hierarchical approach with a distributed planner that uses local search with a worst-case performance guarantees and a decentralized controller based on control barrier functions that ensures safety and encourages timely arrival at sensing locations. Via extensive simulations, hardware-in-the-loop tests and hardware experiments, we demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves a better trade-off between sensing and energy cost than coordinate-descent-based algorithms.
Impedance-based retinal contact imaging as an aid for the placement of high resolution epiretinal prostheses (2007)

An important factor in effective stimulation of the retina is close contact with the retina. The design of the electrode surface and the placement of the electrode against the retina both affect the degree of contact with the retina. We have addressed the design factor by creating a curved surface 3200-electrode array. The placement factor we have addressed by use of an impedance sensitive feedback from the array. The feedback is in the form of an image showing contact with the retina, where greater pixel intensity indicates greater impedance and thus closer contact with the retina. In this paper, we present qualitative and quantitative assessments of the relationship between impedance and the device output as well as an in vivo demonstration of contact imaging. In addition, we evaluated the three-dimensional profile of the stimulation voltage distribution to assess the importance of close retinal contact for high resolution stimulation.
Retrospective Comparative Study of the Influence on Quality of Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty by the EndoCert-Certification System in a Communal Hospital (2020)

The EndoCert<sup>®</sup>-Initiative system sets specific requirements for the structural, process and result quality in certified Arthroplasty Centers in Germany. However, it remains unclear to what extent the certification process can increase the quality in total hip and knee arthroplasty. Aim of the comparative retrospective study is to analyse the change in quality of total hip arthroplasty in a communal hospital before and after the certification process. All primary total hip arthroplasties (n = 366) between 2013 and 2016 were included in the study retrospectively and grouped by treatment period. Treatment was performed in group 1 without clinical pathways, in group 2 pathway-controlled without a valid certificate and in group 3 pathway-controlled after final completion of the certification process. Outcome quality was analysed using quality indicators defined by the EndoCert-Initiative and further predefined indicators. Results show quality improvement under certified pathway-controlled treatment, e.g. time of surgery, cup and stem positioning, blood transfusion rate, periprosthetic fractures. However, improvements were not significantly in all cases and limitations must be recognized. Positive effects of the certification process legitimate capital investment and efforts. Further quality indicators may be implemented in the certification process to improve quality of treatment in arthroplasty.
Using a Recently Approved Tumor Mutational Burden Biomarker to Stratify Patients for Immunotherapy May Introduce a Sex Bias (2021)

Abstract The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently approved the treatment with pembrolizumab, an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) targeting PD1 (anti-PD1), for patients with advanced solid tumors with a high tumor mutational burden (TMB) (defined as TMB ≥10 mutations/Mb). However, following recent studies suggest that TMB levels and response to ICI treatment may differ between male and female melanoma patients, we investigated whether using this high-TMB threshold for selecting patients for anti-PD1 treatment may induce a sex-dependent bias. We analyzed a large ICI cohort of 1,286 patients across nine cancer types treated with anti-PD1/PDL1. We find that using this threshold would indeed result in an unwarranted sex bias in melanoma, successfully stratifying female but not male patients. While this threshold is currently not a regulatory prerequisite for ICI treatment in melanoma, it is important to raise awareness to this bias. Notably, no sex-dependent significant differences were observed in the response of melanoma patients to anti-CTLA4 therapies, different chemotherapies or combination therapies. Beyond melanoma, the high-TMB threshold additionally introduces a sex bias of considerable magnitude in glioblastoma and in patients with cancers of unknown origin, however, these results are not statistically significant. A power analysis shows that these biases may become significant with larger sample size, warranting further careful testing in larger cohorts.
Subcutaneous implants for long-acting drug therapy in laboratory animals may generate unintended drug reservoirs (2014)

Drug implants can retain significant and unintended reservoirs of drugs.
Multifaceted peptide assisted one-pot synthesis of gold nanoparticles for plectin-1 targeted gemcitabine delivery in pancreatic cancer (2017)

An astute modification of the plectin-1-targeting peptide KTLLPTP by introducing a C-terminal cysteine preceded by a tyrosine residue imparted a reducing property to the peptide. This novel property is then exploited to fabricate gold nanoparticles (GNP) via an in situ reduction of gold(iii) chloride in a one-pot, green synthesis. The modified peptide KTLLPTPYC also acts as a template to generate highly monodispersed, spherical GNPs with a narrow size distribution and improved stability. Plectin-1 is known to be aberrantly expressed in the surface of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells while showing cytoplasmic expression in normal cells. The synthesized GNPs are thus in situ surface modified with the peptides via the cysteine residue leaving the N-terminal KTLLPTP sequence free for targeting plectin-1. The visual molecular dynamics based simulations support the experimental observations like particle size, gemcitabine conjugation and architecture of the peptide-grafted nanoassembly. Additionally, GNPs conjugated to gemcitabine demonstrate significantly higher cytotoxicity in vitro in two established PDAC cell lines (AsPC-1 and PANC-1) and an admirable in vivo antitumor efficacy in a PANC-1 orthotopic xenograft model through selective uptake in PDAC tumor tissues. Altogether, this strategy represents a unique method for the fabrication of a GNP based targeted drug delivery platform using a multifaceted peptide that acts as reducing agent, template for GNP synthesis and targeting agent to display remarkable selectivity towards PDAC.
Transillumination spatially modulated illumination microscopy for human chromosome imaging (2005)

Human chromosome analysis is an essential task in cytogenetics, especially in prenatal screening, genetic syndrome diagnosis, cancer pathology research and mutagen dosimetry. Chromosomal analysis begins with the creation of a karyotype, which is a layout of chromosome images organized by decreasing size in pairs. Both manual and automatic classification of chromosomes are limited by the resolution of the microscope and imaging system used. One way to improve the results of classification and even detect subtleties now remaining undetected, is to enhance the resolution of the images. It is possible to achieve lateral resolution beyond the classical limit, by using spatially modulated illumination (SMI) in a wide-field, non-confocal microscope. In this case, the sample is illuminated with spatially modulated light, which makes normally inaccessible high-resolution information visible in the observed image by shifting higher frequencies within the OTF limits of the microscope. Although, SMI microscopes have been reported in the past, this manuscript reports the development of a transillumination microscope for opaque, non-fluorescent samples. The illumination path consisted of a light source illuminating a ruled grating which was subsequently imaged on the sample. The grating was mounted on a rotating and translating stage so that the magnification and rotation of the pattern could be adjusted. The imaging lens was a 1.25 NA oil immersion objective. Test samples showed resolution improvement, as judged from a comparison of the experimentally obtained FWHM. Further studies using smaller fringe distance or laser interference pattern illumination will be evaluated to further optimize the SMI results.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND CARBON‐13 NMR SPECTROSCOPY OF 2‐O‐ AND 6‐O‐ACETYL‐3‐O‐α‐L‐RHAMNOPYRANOSYL‐D‐GALACTOSE, CONSTITUENTS OF BACTERIAL CELL‐WALL POLYSACCHARIDES (1983)

Abstract Das Benzylgalactosid (Ia) wird durch selektive Acetylierung mit Acetylimidazol (II) in das Diacetat (Ib) und die Monoacetate (Ic) und (Id) übergeführt.
Abstract 14676: Landmark-based Functional Computed Tomography Reveals Diminished Left Atrial Appendage Contraction During Atrial Fibrillation (2020)

Introduction: The formation of thrombus in the left atrial appendage (LAA) and risk for systemic embolization may result in part from stasis and poor blood volume emptying during atrial fibrillation (AF). Functional 4-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) is a promising technique to measure LAA ejection fraction and blood volume emptying. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that the LAA ejection fraction measured by 4DCT is decreased during AF compared to sinus rhythm. Methods: 256-slice 4DCT scans obtained in patients for coronary artery imaging or pre-procedurally for AF, VT or SVT ablation procedures were analyzed retrospectively. In each patient, LAA volumes were measured at multiple phases during one cardiac cycle using segmentation software (ITK-SNAP and Osirix MD). LAA ejection fraction was calculated as the difference between minimum and maximum volumes and was analyzed using Wilcoxon rank sum. Results: Out of 54 patients, 37 patients were in sinus rhythm and 17 patients were in AF. Between NSR vs. AF, mean age was 69.1±12.8 vs 73.2±11.5 years (p=0.13), 28% vs 36% female (p=0.54), LVEF was 58±11% vs 60±9% (p=0.95), and echo-derived left atrial volume index was 29.5±6.1 ml/m2 vs 41.7±12.8 ml/m2 (p=0.06). Patients who were in sinus rhythm during their CT scan had a higher LAA ejection fraction than those who were in AF (58±13% vs. 29±9%, p&lt;0.0001). For patients who were in AF during their CT scan, there was no difference in LAA ejection fraction between patients with a history of paroxysmal AF compared to patients with a history of persistent AF (30±10% vs. 28±10%, p=0.75). Conclusions: Analysis of the LAA volumes using functional cardiac CT is a feasible method to quantify blood volume emptying from the LAA. Patients in AF were observed to have significantly decreased LAA ejection fraction and blood volume emptying compared to patients in sinus rhythm. Further studies are needed to determine whether this technique may improve personalized risk stratification for stroke.
Octreotide in malignant intestinal obstruction (1996)

Octreotide has proved an effective agent in the palliation of refractory malignant intestinal obstruction. This may be achieved through a pro-absorptive effect on the small bowel mucosa, an effect on improving gastrointestinal motility, by a reduction in gastrointestinal hormone levels and by a direct anti-neoplastic effect on the obstructing tumour. The simple route of administration of octreotide and the paucity of side effects reported in two recent studies should make the physician consider its use in this particularly distressing complication of advanced cancer.
Correlation Between Carotid Intimal/Medial Thickness and Atherosclerosis (2009)

A widely adopted surrogate for predicting rates of cardiovascular events involves measure of carotid intimal-medial thickness (CIMT) by B mode ultrasound, a technique available since the mid 1980s. The value of this modality remains in its ability to noninvasively assess cardiovascular risk beyond traditional factors identified by the Framingham risk score, and it is among the few available techniques for monitoring the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy on plaques. There are, however, existing limitations to this methodology. Perhaps the most important distinction is that IM thickness measurements are generally acquired in the common carotid artery, whereas advanced atherosclerotic disease occurs predominantly downstream in the internal carotid. Moreover, primary contributors to IM thickening are age and hypertension, which do not necessarily reflect the atherosclerotic process. Initiation of disease-related plaques begins as what is referred to as pathological intimal thickening; lesions characterized by the formation of lipid pools in the absence of a necrotic core. The eventual development of a necrotic core, however, is considered a key indicator of significant plaque advancement and recognized feature of lesion vulnerability. Necrotic cores are thought to arise from macrophage infiltration of lipid pools followed by secondary necrosis where defective clearance of debris, tissue disruption proteases, and intraplaque hemorrhage, likely contribute to its enlargement. Therefore, one of the primary limitations to CIMT is its inability to distinguish lesions with a necrotic core. Moreover, in most cases measures of plaque area or volume are generally considered better predictors of an inflammatory process consistent with atherosclerotic disease rather than intimal medial thickness.
ChemInform Abstract: Multiphase Membrane Reactors for Separating Stereoisomers (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.