gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The effect of a beta‐alanine supplement on the muscle carnosine content during training (2006)

Carnosine (Carn) occurs in high concentrations in muscle where it contributes to H + buffering. The aim was to investigate the effect of a commercial supplement containing, per serving, 1.6g β‐alanine (β‐Ala), 5.25g creatine and 1g taurine (Tau), on muscle Carn synthesis during training. Trained cyclists (n=12, 20 ± (SD)1 yr, 78 ± 8 kg ) received either the β‐Ala (n=6) containing supplement or a placebo, 3xd (4.8 g.d −1 β‐Ala) during 12wk of combined endurance (5 h/d, 6 d/wk) and weight training (3 d/wk). Muscle biopsies of the v. lateralis were taken at 0 and 12 wks for fibre morphology and analysis of Carn and Tau. Subjects undertook a cycle test to determine VO 2 max, anaerobic threshold (AnT) and endurance, and an isokinetic test of the knee extensors at 240°/sec. Type II cross sectional was increased with training in both groups, P&lt;0.05. Carn was unchanged with training (23.9 vs 25.7 mmol.kg −1 dm) but increased with supplementation (20.5 vs 30.0 mmol.kg −1 dm), P&lt;0.01. Tau did not change. AnT and endurance increased with supplementation but not isokinetic power output. CONCLUSION Carn was unchanged by training alone but increased by β‐Ala supplementation. Whilst this will increase H + buffering capacity, gains in exercise capacity may equally have been mediated by other components present. Supported by Natural Alternatives Intl.
An Explicit Model Predictive Control Framework for Turbocharged Diesel Engines (2013)

The turbocharged diesel engine is a typical multi-input multioutput system with strong couplings, actuator constraints, and fast dynamics. This paper addresses the exhaust emission regulation in turbocharged diesel engines using an explicit model predictive control (EMPC) approach, which allows tracking of the time-varying setpoint values generated by the supervisory level controller while satisfying the actuator constraints. The proposed EMPC framework consists of calibration, engine model identification, controller formulation, and state observer design. The proposed EMPC approach has a low computation requirement and is suitable for implementation in the engine control unit on board. The experimental results on a turbocharged Cat C6.6 diesel engine demonstrate that the EMPC controller significantly improves the tracking performance of the exhaust emission variables in comparison with the decoupled single-input single-output control methods.
Next-generation sequencing to identify genetic causes of cardiomyopathies (2012)

NGS technologies are rapidly moving to identify novel rare variants in patients with cardiomyopathy, but assigning pathogenicity to these novel variants remains challenging.
Prevalence of Dental Anomalies in Saudi Orthodontic Patients (2013)

Although, orthodontic patients have been reported to have high rates of dental anomalies, orthodontists often fail to consider this. If not detected, dental anomalies can complicate dental and orthodontic treatment; therefore, their presence should be carefully investigated during orthodontic diagnosis and considered during treatment planning.
Formation of Short-Chain Fatty Acids from H 2 and CO 2 by a Mixed Culture of Bacteria (1981)

The biological utilization of CO(2) and H(2) for the formation of short-chain fatty acids was studied by using a mixed culture of bacteria. Optimization of a medium was carried out in continuous culture to identify limiting factors which controlled growth and production of organic acids. The optimal pH for growth and acid production was 7.0 at 37 degrees C; the maximal cell concentration obtained was 5.9 g of cells per liter (dry weight), and the maximal amount of volatile acids formed was 4.7 g/liter, with acetic acid as the predominant acid. With the optimized medium, it was found that the rate of transfer of hydrogen or carbon dioxide, or both, from gas to liquid was the limiting factor which controlled growth and production of acids.
The Cation Radicals of Free Base and Zinc Bacteriochlorin, Bacteriochlorophyll, and Bacteriopheophytin (1974)

One-electron oxidation of zinc tetraphenylbacteriochlorin and its metal-free base yielded stable cation radicals. Electron spin resonance hyperfine splittings were assigned by selective deuterations. These results indicate that the protons of the saturated rings of the bacteriochlorins carry large spin densities, in accord with molecular orbital calculations. Comparison in vitro of the optical spectra of bacteriochlorins and their cation radicals with those of bacteriochlorophyll show close correspondence and suggest that the electron spin resonance data from the former may also prove a guide to the biological molecule. The surprising similarity in properties between the radicals of free base and zinc bacteriochlorins is maintained in the chlorophylls: cation radicals of bacteriopheophytin and methyl pheophorbide (the free bases of bacteriochlorophyll and methyl chlorophyllide, respectively) exhibit electron spin resonance properties similar to those of their magnesium-containing derivatives. The possibility that metal-free chlorophylls participate in photosynthesis is discussed.
Wire packing (2000)

By focusing on chip-wide slices of the global routing grid, making a few mild geometric assumptions about layer use, and suitably abstracting pin details, we derive an extremely effcient integer linear programming (ILP)formulationfor track/layer assignment. They key technical insight is to model all constraints-both geometric and crosstalk--as cliques in an appropriate conflict graph; these cliques can be extracted quickly from the interval structure of wires in a slice. We develop a "strong" linear relanation of this problem that almost always yields the integral optimum; this solution gives us directly the maximum number of wires that can pack legally without crosstalk risk. Experiments on synthetic netlists that match statistics of wire layouts from industrial 0.25um designs demonstrate that we can pack 100 -1000 wires optimally, or with at worst a very few over$ows, in seconch.
New Generation Cardiac Troponin I Assay for the Access Immunoassay System (2001)

The measurement of troponins in blood has rapidly become an alternative to conventional methods of detecting myocardial damage (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8), particularly in unstable angina, and several studies have indicated the prognostic importance of increased troponins in various clinical settings (9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14). These studies, however, have also pointed out the need for more sensitive methods because patients with even small increases of troponin seem to be at increased risk of cardiac events. Currently, cardiac troponin I (cTnI) can be quantified by assays from several manufacturers (15)(16)(17)(18)(19), whereas only one company currently commercializes a cardiac troponin T assay (2)(20)(21). The aim of this work was to evaluate the analytical performance of a new generation of the Access cTnI assay. We also provide data on values in apparently healthy subjects.

Venous blood was drawn from 70 patients admitted to our Coronary Care Unit because of suspicion of an acute coronary syndrome. Only patients found to have increased myocardial markers such as creatine kinase-MB and troponin I were included. The study was approved by the ethics committee of the Medical Faculty of Uppsala University. Serum samples were also obtained from 122 apparently healthy subjects (70 women and 52 men; median age, 41 years; range, 26–73 years) as part of a health-screening program.

The new ACCESS cTnI assay (Beckman Coulter, Inc., Chaska, MN) is a two-site immunoenzymatic (sandwich) immunoassay. Paramagnetic particles coated with mouse monoclonal anti-cTnI, mouse monoclonal anti-cTnI-alkaline phosphatase conjugate, and sample are added to a reaction vessel to form a particle-cTnI-conjugate sandwich. The …
ON-LINE DETECTION OF AMINO ACID DERIVATIVES RELEASED BY AUTOMATIC EDMAN DEGRADATION OF POLYPEPTIDES (1985)

ON-LINE DETECTION OF AMINO ACID DERIVATIVES RELEASED BY AUTOMATIC EDMAN DEGRADATION OF POLYPEPTIDES was published in Volume 2 Review Articles, including those from an International Conference held in Bielefeld, F. R. of Germany, June 1–2, 1984 on page 303.
Observed and modeled seasonal variation of 13C, 18O, and 14C of atmospheric CO at Happo, a remote site in Japan, and a comparison with other records (2000)

Measurements of the 13 C/ 12 C and 18 O/ 16 O ratios and 14 C of atmospheric CO were carried out for 2 years (1997 and 1998) at Happo (36°41′N, 137°48′E, 1840 m above sea level) in Japan. This is the first measurement of time series for isotopic compositions of CO at a remote site in Asia. The seasonal cycle of the 18 O/ 16 O ratio shows a maximum of 10‰ (Vienna SMOW) in February and a minimum of 2‰ in July. This minimum value is heavier than the values reported for high latitude in the Northern Hemisphere, and this indicates that CO from fossil fuel combustion, which has a large 18 O/ 16 O ratio, affects midlatitude in the Northern Hemisphere considerably. On the contrary, the 13 C/ 12 C ratio shows a clear seasonal variation with little scatter; maximum −24.5‰ (Vienna Peedee belemnite) in April and minimum −28.5‰ in July‐August. The seasonal variation at Happo has different values and phases compared to those in the Southern Hemisphere and in the northern high latitude. 14 CO concentration at Happo is similar to that at high latitude in the Northern Hemisphere. A simple box model calculation is presented for these seasonal variations, and the model reproduces the observed seasonal cycles of CO concentration, 18 O/ 16 O ratio, and 14 CO concentration within the limitations of the simplified model, but not 13 C/ 12 C ratio. To reproduce the spring maximum of CO concentration, an enhanced CO production from biomass burning or other CO sources in spring are inferred in east Asia.
Simultaneous dual- and multiple-wavelength operation and laser performance of 1.3 μm transition in various Nd3+-doped glasses (1996)

Basic laser performance data for the <SUP>4</SUP>F<SUB>3/2</SUB> - <SUP>4</SUP>I<SUB>13/2</SUB> transition of Nd<SUP>3+</SUP> in phosphate, silicate, and germanate glasses with various doping concentrations are presented. A slope efficiency of 1.1% was achieved in Q-100 phosphate laser glass. The resonator loss analysis indicates that there is no significant excited state absorption at 1.355 micrometer for phosphate glasses. Simultaneous operation of both the <SUP>4</SUP>F<SUB>3/2</SUB> - <SUP>4</SUP>I<SUB>13/2</SUB> and the <SUP>4</SUP>F<SUB>3/2</SUB> - <SUP>4</SUP>I<SUB>11/2</SUB> transitions of Nd<SUP>3+</SUP> in phosphate, silicate, and germanate glasses have been achieved using two different methods. Laser output from these two transitions demonstrate good temporal and spatial overlap under the tested conditions.
Genotype-phenotype analysis in 2,405 patients with a dystrophinopathy using the UMD-DMD database: a model of nationwide knowledgebase (2009)

UMD-DMD France is a knowledgebase developed through a multicenter academic effort to provide an up-to-date resource of curated information covering all identified mutations in patients with a dystrophinopathy. The current release includes 2,411 entries consisting in 2,084 independent mutational events identified in 2,046 male patients and 38 expressing females, which corresponds to an estimated number of 39 people per million with a genetic diagnosis of dystrophinopathy in France. Mutations consist in 1,404 large deletions, 215 large duplications, and 465 small rearrangements, of which 39.8% are nonsense mutations. The reading frame rule holds true for 96% of the DMD patients and 93% of the BMD patients. Quality control relies on the curation by four experts for the DMD gene and related diseases. Data on dystrophin and RNA analysis, phenotypic groups, and transmission are also available. About 24% of the mutations are de novo events. This national centralized resource will contribute to a greater understanding of prevalence of dystrophinopathies in France, and in particular, of the true frequency of BMD, which was found to be almost half (43%) that of DMD. UMD-DMD is a searchable anonymous database that includes numerous newly developed tools, which can benefit to all the scientific community interested in dystrophinopathies. Dedicated functions for genotype-based therapies allowed the prediction of a new multiexon skipping (del 45-53) potentially applicable to 53% of the deleted DMD patients. Finally, such a national database will prove to be useful to implement the international global DMD patients' registries under development.
Biodegradable hollow fibres containing drug‐loaded nanoparticles as controlled release systems (2002)

Abstract A ‘multiple’ delivery system was studied, consisting of hollow microfibres containing drug‐loaded nanoparticles. Both fibres and nanoparticles are made of biodegradable polymers, so that the system does not need any surgical operation to be removed. The main advantage of the system is that it allows the contemporaneous release of different kinds of drugs. Copolymers of poly(lactic acid) and ϵ‐caprolactone were used for the preparation of the fibres through both wet and dry–wet spinning procedures. Two types of nanoparticles, gelatin and poly( DL ‐lactide‐ co ‐glycolide) nanoparticles, were prepared by simple water‐in‐oil and oil‐in‐water emulsions, respectively. Drugs such as dexamethasone and methotrexate were used to load the particles. The technique employed for the preparation of the nanoparticles filled fibres was described and the drug release characteristics of this system were investigated and compared with those of the free nanoparticles. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Autogenous Tooth Fragment Adhesive Reattachment for a Complicated Crown Root Fracture: Two Interdisciplinary Case Reports (2016)

Trauma of anterior teeth is quite a common occurrence in both children and adults. Various degrees of trauma leading to fracture may affect teeth in different ways depending on the age of the patient and extent of fracture and other factors that will be discussed. Guidelines have been given as to how each of these situations should be treated. In the past, often more aggressive restorations were performed to restore fractured teeth. However improved and more efficient adhesion may affect the type of treatment we decide to carry out, leading to more conservative therapies through an increased preservation of tooth structures.
Correlates of uric acid and its association with asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis: The ARIC study (1996)

The correlates of serum uric acid and the association of uric acid with carotid intimal-medial thickness (an early measure of atherosclerosis) were investigated in participants of the baseline examination of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. The study sample included 6522 women (74% white) and 4966 men (79% white) who were aged 45 to 64 years at baseline (1986-1989). Those with prevalent coronary heart disease or previous stroke and those taking uricosuric medication were excluded. The mean (SD) uric acid concentration was 5.9 (1.5) mg/dL. It was highest among black men 45-54 years old (6.9 [1.5] mg/dL), and lowest in white women aged 45-54 years old (5.0 [1.2] mg/dL). The uric acid level was positively correlated in both sexes with a variety of health-related factors, most notably body mass index, creatinine, triglycerides, diuretic use, alcohol intake, hypertension, diabetes, and insulin levels. In a linear regression model adjusting for age and ARIC center, the level of uric acid was directly and significantly associated with B-mode ultrasound carotid intimal-medial thickness in women and white men (but not in black men). However, when known risk factors for atherosclerotic disease and relevant behavioral and biological correlates of uric acid were controlled for in multivariate analysis, the association of uric acid with this early measure of atherosclerosis became negligible in white women and much weaker and not statistically significant in black women and white men. Thus, uric acid itself may not be a risk factor for atherosclerosis. Future analysis of cardiovascular events in the ARIC Study will further elucidate the role of uric acid in atherosclerotic disease.
Surface water clarification usingM. oleiferaseeds (2006)

Abstract Turbid surface water was treated using a pilot scale water treatment plant comprising coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation and rapid gravity filtration, using Moringa oleifera seeds/alum as coagulants. Turbidity removal of M. oleifera, alum, and the mixture of both M. oleifera/alum were compared, and results obtained were 7.2, 4.2 and 3.2 NTU, respectively. The turbidity achieved using M. oleifera/alum mixture and alum were less than the required standard of 5 NTU, while M. oleifera/alum mixture recorded the least turbidity value (3.2 NTU) with removal efficiency of 99%. The natural alkalinity of the water did not vary during the treatment processes. Therefore M. oleifera/alum mixture could be considered as a suitable alternative for partial replacement of alum as coagulant in surface water treatment, which is an added advantage since M. oleifera is a natural product with less or no side effects as compared to alum as a chemical agent. Keywords: Surface water Moringa oleifera TurbidityTreatmentProcess Acknowledgement The financial support provided by the Malaysian Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment under the EAR project No. 09‐02‐04‐0437‐EA001 at this point and the IWA conference at Cape Town is much appreciated.
Low Doses of Allyphenyline and Cyclomethyline, Effective against Morphine Dependence, Elicit an Antidepressant-like Effect (2012)

This study demonstrated that cyclomethyline (2) and the corresponding enantiomers (R)-(-)-2 and (S)-(+)-2, displaying α2C-adrenoreceptor (AR) agonism/α2A-AR antagonism, similarly to allyphenyline (1) and its enantiomers, significantly decreased the naloxone-precipitated withdrawal symptoms in mice at very low doses. It also highlighted that such positive effects on morphine dependence can even be improved by additional serotoninergic 5-HT1A receptor (5-HT1A-R) activation. Indeed, 1 or the single (S)-(+)-1, 2, or both its enantiomers, all behaving as α2C-AR agonists/α2A-AR antagonists/5-HT1A-R agonists, alone and at the same low dose, improved morphine withdrawal syndrome and exerted a potent antidepressant-like effect. Therefore, considering the elevated comorbidity between opiate abuse and depressed mood and the benefit of these multifunctional compounds to both disorders, it is possible that they prove more efficacious and less toxic than a cocktail of drugs in managing opioid addiction.
TGF-β-driven downregulation of the transcription factor TCF7L2 affects Wnt/β-catenin signaling in PDGFRα+ fibroblasts (2020)

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent progenitors essential for organogenesis, tissue homeostasis, regeneration and scar formation. Tissue injury upregulates transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling, which modulates myofibroblast fate, extracellular matrix remodeling and fibrosis. However, the molecular determinants of MSC differentiation and survival remain poorly understood. During canonical Wnt signaling, T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor (TCF/LEF) transcription factors regulate development and stemness, but the mechanisms by which injury-induced cues modulate their expression remain underexplored. Here, we studied the cell type-specific gene expression of TCF/LEF transcription factors and, more specifically, we investigated whether damage-induced TGF-β signaling impairs the expression and function of TCF7L2 (also known as TCF4), using several models of MSCs, including skeletal muscle fibro-adipogenic progenitors. We show that TCF/LEFs are differentially expressed and that TGF-β reduces the expression of TCF7L2 in MSCs but not in myoblasts. We also found that the ubiquitin-proteasome system regulates TCF7L2 proteostasis and participates in TGF-β-mediated TCF7L2 protein downregulation. Finally, we show that TGF-β requires histone deacetylase activity to repress the expression of TCF7L2. Thus, our work reports a novel interplay between TGF-β and canonical Wnt signaling cascades in PDGFRα<sup>+</sup> fibroblasts and suggests that this mechanism could be targeted in tissue repair and regeneration.
dc bias-induced dielectric anomalies in ⟨111⟩-oriented 0.9Pb(Mg1∕3Nb2∕3O3)–0.1PbTiO3 single crystals (2006)

dc bias dependence of small signal dielectric response was measured on ⟨111⟩-oriented 0.9Pb(Mg1∕3Nb2∕3O3)–0.1PbTiO3 single crystals at various temperatures. It was shown that at different temperature ranges, the dielectric responses were quite different, implying different natures of the polar nanodomains. It was found that the freezing occurred effectively below freezing temperature To. Between To and Tm, the dielectric constant peak temperature, the reversible dielectric peaks under bias were explained by the mechanism of polarization rotation, revealing a possible presence of multiple polar orders in nanodomains.
Early mathematics assessment: validation of the short form of a prekindergarten and kindergarten mathematics measure (2012)

In recent years, there has been increased interest in improving early mathematics curricula and instruction. Subsequently, there has also been a rise in demand for better early mathematics assessments, as most current measures are limited in their content and/or their sensitivity to detect differences in early mathematics development among young children. In this article, using data from two large samples of diverse populations of prekindergarten and kindergarten children, we provide evidence regarding the psychometric validity of a new theory-based early mathematics assessment. The new measure is the short form of a longer, validated measure. Our results suggest the short form assessment is valid for assessing prekindergarten and kindergarten children’s numeracy and geometry skills and is sensitive to differences in early mathematics development among young children.
Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Deficiency Presenting as Infantile Pustulosis Mimicking Infantile Pustular Psoriasis (2012)

Recent identification of DIRA as a disease entity, compounded by the limited number of reported cases, makes early identification difficult. It is critical to consider this entity in the differential diagnosis of infantile pustulosis. Targeted therapy with the recombinant human interleukin 1 receptor antagonist anakinra can be lifesaving if initiated early. A high carrier frequency of the 175-kb DIRA-associated genomic deletion in the Puerto Rican population strongly supports testing infants presenting with unexplained pustulosis in patients from this geographic region.
Kinetics and mechanisms of nucleophilic displacements with heterocycles as leaving groups. Part 19. Chemometric investigation of the simultaneous dependence of S N 2 rates on alkyl group structure and leaving group nucleofugacity (1985)

The preparation and kinetics of nucleophilic displacement are reported for four β-branched primary alkyl groups attached to neutral nucleofuges. Principal-component analysis on a set of 10 nucleophilic substitution reactions with neutral and anionic nucleofuges finds that the first principal component accounts for 70% of the variance and confirms that the tri- and penta-cyclic nucleofuges are similar to chloride ion in leaving-group activity. Partial least-squares analysis shows that the nucleophilic displacement rates for the tricyclic derivatives (2) depends on substituent shape (as measured by the Verloop parameter) rather than on size as measured by ES,. The σ* and polarizability terms are also important.