gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
505 Combustion Characteristics of Solid Waste Fuels in High Temperature Flowing Combustion Gas (2004)

Experiments have been performed to extract the fundamental combustion characteristics of solid waste fuels in flowing combustion gas produced from flat flame burner. The burning behavior are observed by taking the direct photographs with video camera. It is concluded that there are three combustion processes of solid waste fuels burning in high temperature environment such as gas phase ignition, luminous diffusion flame and surface combustion and flame behavior can be classified three types depending on gas flow velocity, temperature and oxygen concentration, that is, envelope flame, wake and lifted flame. The boundary gas flow velocity between stable and unstable combustion is determined by the variation of flame configuration from envelope to wake or lifted flame.
Cox‐2 gene expression in chemically induced skin papillomas cannot predict subsequent tumor fate (2010)

Elevated cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression is observed in a variety of premalignant neoplastic tissues, suggesting COX-2 expression might serve as a potential indicator of subsequent tumor development. However, it has not been possible to compare the relationship between Cox-2 gene expression in premalignant lesions and their subsequent fate, because conventional studies require tissue destruction for analysis of gene expression. To monitor COX-2 expression non-invasively during tumor development, we created a Cox-2 luciferase knock-in mouse, Cox-2(luc), in which the firefly luciferase coding region replaces the Cox-2 coding region. Luciferase activity was non-invasively, quantitatively and repeatedly monitored in Cox-2(luc/+) mice subjected to DMBA/TPA multistage skin tumor induction. Luciferase activity is significantly higher in all papillomas than in surrounding skin. However, the magnitude of Cox-2 promoter-driven luciferase activity in small papillomas cannot predict subsequent papilloma regression or growth. Elevated Cox-2 promoter-driven luciferase signal can be detected when papillomas first become visible, but not before this time.
Improved contrast in confocal microscopy by using a blue frequency doubled diode-pumped solid-state laser (2004)

The standard Ar ion laser in a confocal microscope was replaced with an intra-cavity frequency doubled Nd:YAG laser operating at 473 nm. The fluorescence image quality suggests that excitation at 473 nm could be preferable.
Parametric Analysis of a Lazy-Wave Steel Riser (2005)

Lazy-wave steel risers appear as a possible solution for ultra deepwater oil fields in Campos Basin. The design of such a solution, however, is a very time consuming task as several configurations must be studied, including static, dynamic and fatigue analysis. In the first cycle of design, simplified models can be used to speed up the selection process of feasible configurations. This paper presents a parametric analysis that was implemented on a computer tool, aiming to select the feasible geometric configurations for a lazy-wave steel riser in the first cycle of design.
Work in progress: A comparison of programming way: Illustration-based programming and text-based programming (2015)

Learning to programming language is difficult. One solution is to use a digital game, which increases motivation of first-time learners. In this paper, we were executing programming learning with MincraftEdu of sandbox game and ComputerCraftEdu of expansion function. In addition, learning method to programming has illustration-based programming and text-based programming in ComputerCraftEdu. We compare the programming way of illustration programming and text programming. In this result, there was a significant difference towards the illustration-based programming throughout the comparison. In this paper, we present the results.
VITAL: a new low-cost vibro-tactile display system (2004)

Tactile displays are deformable surfaces that simulate skin deformations that occur when interacting with real surfaces (relieves) by transmitting small-scale shape information and vibration to the fingertip. We present a new vibrotactile display system composed of a matrix of 8/spl times/8 tactile display, a control/power system (electrical hardware) and a software interface dedicated to translate and display a black and white picture on the 8/spl times/8 tactile display with different close-ups. The 8/spl times/8 tactile display is based on a new multi-layer concept. This concept allows developing a new generation of tactile matrices with a high density of micro actuators, a simple assembling process and at a quite competitive price.
Influence of carbon, manganese and nickel on microstructure and properties of strong steel weld metals: Part 3 – Increased strength resulting from carbon additions (2006)

Neural network predictions suggested that the strength of a high strength steel weld metal with 7 wt-% nickel and 0·5 wt-% manganese could be increased significantly at moderate expense to impact toughness by additions of carbon. Based on this, three experimental weld metals were produced with carbon contents between 0·03 and 0·11 wt-%. Mechanical test results were in agreement with predictions. At low carbon content the microstructure was largely bainitic in dendrite core regions whereas martensite was found at interdendritic regions. From microstructural studies and dilatometry experiments it was found that carbon stabilised austenite to lower transformation temperatures and that the microstructure became more martensitic in nature. Effects on strength and impact toughness were explainable in terms of a refinement of the microstructure and tempering behaviour.
Palladium-Catalyzed Direct Arylation of Polyfluoroarenes for Accessing Tetra-ortho-Substituted Biaryls: Buchwald-type Ligand Having Complementary −PPh2 Moiety Exhibits Better Efficiency (2018)

The first general examples of direct C-H arylation of electron-deficient polyfluoroarenes with challenging di- ortho-substituted aryl(heteroaryl) chlorides for tetra- ortho-substituted biaryl synthesis are reported. Key to success is the use of Buchwald-type biaryl phosphine ligand, notably with inexpensive -PPh<sub>2</sub> moiety (instead of -PCy<sub>2</sub> group). Pd(OAc)<sub>2</sub> associated with ligand L9 exhibits even higher efficiency than the corresponding SPhos toward this reaction. A wide range of sterically hindered di- ortho-substituted chloroarenes bearing electron-donating or -withdrawing groups are found applicable. Excellent product yields are obtained under mild reaction conditions, and the catalyst loading down to 0.25 mol % of Pd can also be achieved.
Centrifugal enhancement of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection and human cytomegalovirus gene expression in human primary monocyte/macrophages in vitro (1993)

In an effort to facilitate the efficiency of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and/or human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection in primary monocyte/macrophages in vitro, the effect of low-speed centrifugation was studied. The infectivity of three strains (Bal, Ada-M, and IIIB) of HIV-1 tested was significantly enhanced by centrifugal inoculation at a force of 1500g for 60 min. Reverse transcriptase activity and HIV-1 p24 antigen in primary monocyte/macrophages infected by a centrifugal inoculation technique were detectable 3-7 days earlier and were more than 10-fold greater in magnitude (at an early stage of the infection) than those of control cells infected by the conventional inoculation technique. Examination of the cells by indirect immunofluorescence revealed higher expression of HIV-1 p24 protein in the monocyte/macrophages infected by the centrifugal inoculation technique. These differences were directly related to centrifugal inoculation and were evident up to 3 weeks after infection. Enhancement was not observed when centrifugation was carried out before or after HIV-1 infection. Centrifugal inoculation of HCMV also enhanced its immediate-early and early gene expression up to 30- to 50-fold, although neither late nuclear antigens and glycoproteins of HCMV nor infectious virus was detected in HCMV-infected monocyte/macrophage cultures. These results show that centrifugal inoculation is a useful technique for improving the efficiency of HCMV and HIV-1 infection in vitro.
The Copper Radioisotopes: A Systematic Review with Special Interest to64Cu (2014)

Copper (Cu) is an important trace element in humans; it plays a role as a cofactor for numerous enzymes and other proteins crucial for respiration, iron transport, metabolism, cell growth, and hemostasis. Natural copper comprises two stable isotopes, (63)Cu and (65)Cu, and 5 principal radioisotopes for molecular imaging applications ((60)Cu, (61)Cu, (62)Cu, and (64)Cu) and in vivo targeted radiation therapy ((64)Cu and (67)Cu). The two potential ways to produce Cu radioisotopes concern the use of the cyclotron or the reactor. A noncopper target is used to produce noncarrier-added Cu thanks to a chemical separation from the target material using ion exchange chromatography achieving a high amount of radioactivity with the lowest possible amount of nonradioactive isotopes. In recent years, Cu isotopes have been linked to antibodies, proteins, peptides, and nanoparticles for preclinical and clinical research; pathological conditions that influence Cu metabolism such as Menkes syndrome, Wilson disease, inflammation, tumor growth, metastasis, angiogenesis, and drug resistance have been studied. We aim to discuss all Cu radioisotopes application focusing on (64)Cu and in particular its form (64)CuCl2 that seems to be the most promising for its half-life, radiation emissions, and stability with chelators, allowing several applications in oncological and nononcological fields.
Design and characterization of a compact dual channel virus counter (2005)

The dual channel virus counter yields a representative value for the concentration of active viruses in an unpurified sample when compared with plaque assay and a one-channel flow cytometer. The technique is rapid (within minutes), requires only minimal sample preparation and minimum sample size (approximately 100 microl).
Supplementary Figure 1 from Antitumor Activity of a Small-Molecule Inhibitor of Human Silent Information Regulator 2 Enzymes (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from Antitumor Activity of a Small-Molecule Inhibitor of Human Silent Information Regulator 2 Enzymes
Life-Threatening Complications of Extracorporeal Treatment in Patients with Severe Eosinophilia (2005)

We report three patients with massive eosinophilia of different etiology who developed bronchoconstriction, hypotension, and shock shortly after dialysis or leukapheresis had been begun. In two cases, ethylene oxide-free materials had been used ruling out an allergic reaction related to this compound. Degranulation of eosinophils with release of eosinophil peroxidase may have caused the observed adverse reactions, as suggested by in vitro experiments with blood from the three patients. Our observations draw attention to the fact that extracorporeal therapies may initiate life-threatening complications in patients with severe eosinophilia.
Andreev Reflection in Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy of Unconventional Superconductors (2023)

We evaluate the differential conductance measured in an STM setting at arbitrary electron transmission between STM tip and a 2D superconductor with arbitrary gap structure. Our analytical scattering theory accounts for Andreev reflections, which become prominent at larger transmissions. We show that this provides complementary information about the superconducting gap structure beyond the tunneling density of states, strongly facilitating the ability to extract the gap symmetry and its relation to the underlying crystalline lattice. We use the developed theory to discuss recent experimental results on superconductivity in twisted bilayer graphene.
Novel des‐γ‐carboxy prothrombin in serum for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (2013)

The DCP/NX-DCP ratio is very useful for diagnosing HCC. DCP in HCC patients is distinct from that in vitamin K-deficient patients.
Three-Dimensional Particle Transport Methods and Their Applications (2006)

This chapter establishes both the Monte Carlo and deterministic approaches applied to Boltzmann particle transport simulation problems; for the deterministic approach, discussion is limited to the widely used discrete ordinates (or "SN") method. The chapter also discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each approach, and provides real-world examples of hybrid techniques developed for solving complex problems accurately and efficiently. Moreover, the chapter briefly introduces advanced particle transport methodologies and codes developed by the University of Florida Transport Theory Group (UFTTG). In particular, it discusses the Parallel Environment Neutral-particle TRANsport (PENTRAN) code system, a three-dimensional (3-D) parallel SN transport code with pre- and post-processing software, and Automated Adjoint Accelerated MCNP (A3MCNP), a version of the widely used Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNP) transport code with automated variance reduction, and methodologies for multigroup cross-section generation. Finally, a comparison of the accuracy and efficiency of the Monte Carlo, SN, and the application of hybrid combinations of each for real-world simulations is presented, with applications in homeland security, medicine, and power.
[Au12(PPh2)2S4(L2)4]2+ (L2 = 3,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)-2,5-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)furan): an Au12 unit protected by modified maleic anhydride phosphine ligands (2017)

The reaction of the bis(dichlorogold) complex of 2,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)maleic anhydride (L1) with S(SiMe<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> in the presence of NaBPh<sub>4</sub> yields the ionic dodecanuclear cluster compound [Au<sub>12</sub>(PPh<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub>(L2)<sub>4</sub>](BPh<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> (1). During the formation of 1, the initial ligand L1 is transformed into the doubly sylilated derivative, 3,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)-2,5-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)-furan (L2). The presence of bridging PPh<sub>2</sub> groups is a result of the transformation of L1 in the coordination sphere of Au(i). Compound 1 was characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction and electrospray-ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry.
Pocket Hypervisors: Opportunities and Challenges (2007)

In this position paper, we explore the opportunities and challenges of running pocket hypervisors on commodity mobile devices through four proposed applications: secure operating systems, security services, mobile testbeds, and opportunistic sensor networks. We believe that pocket hypervisors can benefit mobile computing, but that mobility presents several important and unique challenges to virtualization.
Graphene-crosslinked polyurethane block copolymer nanocomposites with enhanced mechanical, electrical, and shape memory properties (2013)

Highly flexible, conductive, and shape memory polyurethane nanocomposites were prepared using a robust and fast process. Functionalized graphene sheets were incorporated as crosslinkers in the prepolymer, prepared from a reaction of 4,4′-methylene bis(phenyl isocyanate) and poly(ε-caprolactone)diol. The covalently bonded graphene sheets were homogeneously dispersed in the polymer matrix. In comparison to pristine polyurethane and carbon nanotube-crosslinked polyurethane, the graphene-crosslinked polyurethane composite exhibited higher modulus and breaking stress, and exceptional elongation-at-break. The resulting composite exhibited 97% shape recovery, 95% shape retention, enhanced shape recovery force, and fast electroactive shape recovery rate, thus it could be a promising material for the fabrication of graphene-based actuating devices.
Miscibility of Nifedipine and Hydrophilic Polymers as Measured by 1H-NMR Spin-Lattice Relaxation (2007)

The miscibility of a drug with excipients in solid dispersions is considered to be one of the most important factors for preparation of stable amorphous solid dispersions. The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the feasibility of (1)H-NMR spin-lattice relaxation measurements to assess the miscibility of a drug with excipients. Solid dispersions of nifedipine with the hydrophilic polymers poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP), hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) and alpha,beta-poly(N-5-hydroxypentyl)-L-aspartamide (PHPA) with various weight ratios were prepared by spray drying, and the spin-lattice relaxation decay of the solid dispersions in a laboratory frame (T(1) decay) and in a rotating frame (T(1rho) decay) were measured. T(1rho) decay of nifedipine-PVP solid dispersions (3 : 7, 5 : 5 and 7 : 3) was describable with a mono-exponential equation, whereas T(1rho) decay of nifedipine-PHPA solid dispersions (3 : 7, 4 : 6 and 5 : 5) was describable with a bi-exponential equation. Because a mono-exponential T(1rho) decay indicates that the domain sizes of nifedipine and polymer in solid dispersion are less than several nm, it is speculated that nifedipine is miscible with PVP but not miscible with PHPA. All the nifedipine-PVP solid dispersions studied showed a single glass transition temperature (T(g)), whereas two glass transitions were observed for the nifedipine-PHPA solid dispersion (3 : 7), thus supporting the above speculation. For nifedipine-HPMC solid dispersions (3 : 7 and 5 : 5), the miscibility of nifedipine and HPMC could not be determined by DSC measurements due to the lack of obviously evident T(g). In contrast, (1)H-NMR spin-lattice relaxation measurements showed that nifedipine and HPMC are miscible, since T(1rho) decay of the solid dispersions (3 : 7, 5 : 5 and 7 : 3) was describable with a mono-exponential equation. These results indicate that (1)H-NMR spin-lattice relaxation measurements are useful for assessing the miscibility of a drug and an excipient in solid dispersions.
Exaggerated emotional behavior in mice heterozygous null for the sodium channel Scn8a (Nav1.6) (2008)

The Scn8a gene encodes the alpha-subunit of Na(v)1.6, a neuronal voltage-gated sodium channel. Mice homozygous for mutations in the Scn8a gene exhibit motor impairments. Recently, we described a human family with a heterozygous protein truncation mutation in SCN8A. Rather than motor impairment, neuropsychological abnormalities were more common, suggesting a role for Scn8a in a more diverse range of behaviors. Here, we characterize mice heterozygous for a null mutation of Scn8a (Scn8a(+/-)mice) in a number of behavioral paradigms. We show that Scn8a(+/-)mice exhibit greater conditioned freezing in the Pavlovian fear conditioning paradigm but no apparent abnormalities in other learning and memory paradigms including the Morris water maze and conditioned taste avoidance paradigm. Furthermore, we find that Scn8a(+/-)mice exhibit more pronounced avoidance of well-lit, open environments as well as more stress-induced coping behavior. Together, these data suggest that Scn8a plays a critical role in emotional behavior in mice. Although the behavioral phenotype observed in the Scn8a(+/-)mice only partially models the abnormalities in the human family, we anticipate that the Scn8a(+/-)mice will serve as a valuable tool for understanding the biological basis of emotion and the human diseases in which abnormal emotional behavior is a primary component.
Complete cDNA sequences of the HLA‐DRB1*0402 and DRB1*11041 alleles1 (2002)

Since the development of the polymerase chain reaction, most HLA class II allele sequencing has been exclusively focused on the highly polymorphic exon 2. We present here the full cDNA sequences of two HLA-DRB1 alleles, DRB1*0402 and DRB1*11041, both of which were previously only available as partial sequences. HLA-DRB1*11041 was found to be completely homologous to DRB1*11011 in exons 1, 3, 4, 5 and 6 and HLA-DRB1*0402 was found to be identical to DRB1*04011 in exons 1, 3, 4, 5 and 6.
The chemical dehydrochlorination of poly(vinyl chloride), 2. Studies on N,N‐dimethylformamide solutions (1985)

Abstract The chemical dehydrochlorination of poly(vinyl chloride) was studied in solution in N , N ‐dimethylformamide. By comparison with solutions in tetrahydrofuran, examined previously, the reaction was found to occur at a significantly enhanced rate for the four systems studied, a mass polymer of 55% syndiotacticity and a low temperature polymer of 63% syndiotacticity, dehydrochlorinated with potassium hydroxide or with potassium tert ‐butoxide. Furthermore, at dehydrochlorination levels up to about 60%, markedly longer polyene sequences are formed, the more so in the case of potassium tert ‐butoxide., where they reach values of at least 65, as assessed by Raman spectroscopy. For levels of 80%, and greater, there is a significant decrease in the sequence lengths, the result of cross‐linking, which is facilitated by the substantial loss of the \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\rlap{--} ({\rm CHCl \hbox{---} CH}_{\rm 2} \rlap{--} )_n$\end{document} sequences that sterically protect the long polyenes in the les heavily dehydrochlorinated materials. Limited results are also presented for chemically dehydrochlorinated PVC prepared by the urea clathrate method; the insolubility of this polymer probably leads to degradation on the surface of the particles only.
Stable pair compactification of moduli of K3 surfaces of degree 2 (2023)

Abstract We prove that the universal family of polarized K3 surfaces of degree 2 can be extended to a flat family of stable KSBA pairs <m:math xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <m:mrow> <m:mo stretchy="false">(</m:mo> <m:mi>X</m:mi> <m:mo>,</m:mo> <m:mrow> <m:mi>ϵ</m:mi> <m:mo>⁢</m:mo> <m:mi>R</m:mi> </m:mrow> <m:mo stretchy="false">)</m:mo> </m:mrow> </m:math> (X,\epsilon R) over the toroidal compactification associated to the Coxeter fan. One-parameter degenerations of K3 surfaces in this family are described by integral-affine structures on a sphere with 24 singularities.
ASPB10 insulin induction of increased mitogenic responses and phenotypic changes in human breast epithelial cells: Evidence for enhanced interactions with the insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (1997)

The human insulin analogue ASPB10 has been reported to have increased affinity for the insulin receptor and to cause breast cancer in female rats. In the study reported here, we investigated whether ASPB10 has an increased mitogenic potency and induces a transformed phenotype in cultured human breast cells. In both MCF-10 cells (a non-malignant human breast line) and MCF-7 cells (a human breast cancer cell line), ASPB10 was approximately twofold more potent than insulin in competing for 125I-insulin binding but sevenfold to tenfold more potent than insulin in competing for 125I-insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I binding. In addition, ASPB10 was twofold more potent than insulin in stimulating insulin receptor autophosphorylation but significantly more potent in stimulating IGF-I receptor autophosphorylation in both cell lines. Moreover, ASPB10 was approximately sevenfold more potent than insulin in stimulating the growth of MCF-10 and MCF-7 cells. This increased mitogenic effect of ASPB10 was significantly inhibited (but not abolished) when cells were cultured in the presence of alpha-IR3, a monoclonal antibody to the IGF-I receptor. ASPB10, but not insulin, caused phenotypic changes (focus formation) in MCF-10 cells. Neither agent caused colony formation in soft agar in MCF-10 cells, but ASPB10 was more potent than insulin in stimulating colony formation in MCF-7 cells. These observations indicate that in human breast cells, ASPB10 has enhanced mitogenic effects and induces phenotypic changes as a consequence of its activation of both insulin and IGF-I receptors.