gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surgical Treatment of Knee Dislocations: 5 to 22 Year Results (2014)

The purpose of this paper is to present the results of surgical treatment of knee dislocations with 5 to 22 year follow up in 44 patients in this retrospective case series. Inclusion criteria are a combined PCL ACL plus medial and or lateral side reconstruction in patients with 5 to 22 year follow up. The surgery was performed by one surgeon for all patients. The mean follow up was 9.8 years with a range of 5 to 22 years. The patient age at the time of surgery was 30.9 years, with an age range of 13 to 65 years. The diagnosis were 9 ACL PCL medial (20.5%), 22 ACL PCL lateral (50.0%), and 13 ACL PCL medial lateral (29.5%). Mechanisms of injury included 26 motor vehicle related (59.1%), 9 sports injuries (20.5%), 6 industrial/farming (13.6%), and 3 pedestrian automobile encounters (6.8%). Evaluation methods included KT 1000 arthrometer measurements, stress radiography, knee ligament rating scales, physical examination, and plain radiographs. The KT 1000 arthrometer mean side to side difference measured in millimeters are: PCL screen 1.9 mm, corrected posterior 2.4 mm, corrected anterior 0.8 mm, and the anterior displacement at 30 degrees of knee flexion 1.7 mm. The combined mean side to side difference measurement for all parameters was 1.7 mm. Stress radiographic measurements at 90 degrees of knee flexion to evaluate the PCL reconstruction revealed a mean 1.9 mm side to side difference. Mean Lysholm knee ligament score was 84.4/100. Mean Hospital for Special Surgery score was 82.8/100. Mean Tegner score was 4.1/9. 65.1% of patients returned to their pre-injury level of activity, and 92.8% of postoperative patients returned to their pre-injury level of activity or one Tegner grade lower level of function. Post reconstruction physical examination for the PCL revealed 97.8% of knees had symmetrical or less than grade one posterior drawer (43 of 44 knees). Post ACL reconstruction 39 knees had symmetrical Lachman test (86.6%) and 40 knees had symmetrical (negative) pivot shift (90.9%). Symmetrical varus was present in 41 knees (93.2%), and symmetrical valgus was present in 43 knees (97.7%). Axial rotation was symmetrical to the normal knee in 38 knees (86.4%) and tighter than the normal knee in 6 (13.6%). There were 10 of the 44 knees developed degenerative joint disease (22.7%), and 3 of the 44 knees required total knee replacement (6.8%). There was no loss of terminal extension in any of the knees, but the mean flexion loss was 12.5 degrees compared to the normal knee. Static stability is achieved and documented with KT 1000 arthrometer measurements (mean 1.7 mm side to side difference), and stress radiography (1.9 mm side to side difference), and these results do not deteriorate with time. Functional stability is achieved with 92.8% of patients returning to physically demanding work and/or recreational activities. Post traumatic degenerative joint disease occurs in 22.7% of the knees in this series, and the incidence increases as the time from injury increases.
“MR-Conditional” Pacemakers: The Radiologist's Role in Multidisciplinary Management (2011)

Radiologists should be knowledgeable of the specific limitations with regard to patient isocenter and coil positioning within the required 1.5-T MR system and the importance that the pacer be programmed before and after scanning.
Antibody Response toPneumocystis jiroveciiMajor Surface Glycoprotein (2006)

We conducted a prospective pilot study of the serologic responses to overlapping recombinant fragments of the Pneumocystis jirovecii major surface glycoprotein (Msg) in HIV-infected patients with pneumonia due to P. jirovecii and other causes. Similar baseline geometric mean antibody levels to the fragments measured by an ELISA were found in both groups. Serum antibodies to MsgC in P. jirovecii patients rose to a peak level 3-4 weeks (p<0.001) after recovery from pneumocystosis; baseline CD4+ count > or =50 cells/microL and first episode of pneumocystosis were the principal host factors associated with this rise (both p<0.001). Thus, MsgC shows promise as a serologic reagent and should be tested further in clinical and epidemiologic studies.
Dispersive and classical shock waves in Bose-Einstein condensates and gas dynamics (2006)

A Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) is a quantum fluid that gives rise to interesting shock-wave nonlinear dynamics. Experiments depict a BEC that exhibits behavior similar to that of a shock wave in a compressible gas, e.g., traveling fronts with steep gradients. However, the governing Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) equation that describes the mean field of a BEC admits no dissipation, hence classical dissipative shock solutions do not explain the phenomena. Instead, wave dynamics with small dispersion is considered and it is shown that this provides a mechanism for the generation of a dispersive shock wave (DSW). Computations with the GP equation are compared to experiment with excellent agreement. A comparison between a canonical one-dimensional (1D) dissipative and dispersive shock problem shows significant differences in shock structure and shock-front speed. Numerical results associated with the three-dimensional experiment show that three- and two-dimensional approximations are in excellent agreement and 1D approximations are in good qualitative agreement. Using 1D DSW theory, it is argued that the experimentally observed blast waves may be viewed as dispersive shock waves.
Fission product transport analysis: task 2. Quarterly progress report, April--June 1976. [PWR; spent fuel casks] (1976)

Analysis methods and computer models for predicting fission product transport and deposition under postulated loss of coolant accident conditions within water-cooled reactor primary systems and shipping casks are being developed. Existing thermal-hydraulic analyses (RELAP-EM) form the basis for defining the conditions within the primary systems and the transport flow from which fission products deposit. The analyses to be developed in this study will provide methods for more realistically calculating the rate and magnitude of fission product release to the containment. Efforts during the reporting period were directed toward postulating the types of conditions to be assumed in developing the model for failed shipping casks, completing the PWR transport model format design, beginning the PWR transport model assembly and checkout, and performing various tasks related to fission product deposition rates, fission product chemistry, and thermal-hydraulic condition specification in support of the PWR model development.
Contractile properties of the developing diaphragm correlate with myosin heavy chain phenotype (1994)

The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between developmental transitions in myosin heavy chain (MHC) composition and changes in maximum unloaded shortening velocity (Vo) and maximum specific force (Po) of the rat diaphragm muscle. The diaphragm was excised at postnatal days 0, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 and in adults. MHC isoform expression was determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and laser densitometry. In muscle fiber bundles, Vo was determined at 15 degrees C by use of the "slack" test. Isometric Po was determined at 15 and 26 degrees C. Simple and stepwise regressions were used to evaluate the correlations between Vo, Po, and MHC phenotype transitions and the various developmental ages. The progressive increases in Vo and Po with age were found to be inversely correlated to MHC-neonatal isoform expression (r2 = -0.84 and -0.63, respectively) and positively correlated to MHC-2X (r2 = 0.78 and 0.57) and MHC-2B (r2 = 0.51 and 0.40) isoform expression (P < 0.001). Changes in MHC-neonatal isoform expression contributed to most of the developmental variance in Vo and Po, with changes in MHC-2X and MHC-2B expression also contributing significant increments to total variance. The postnatal increase in Vo most likely relates to differences in the actomyosin adenosinetriphosphatase activity between neonatal and adult fast MHC phenotypes. The increase in Po may reflect inherent differences in myofibrillar density, cross-bridge cycling kinetics, and/or the force produced per cross bridge among fibers composed of the different MHC isoforms.
Robot-assisted Tactile Sensing for Minimally Invasive Tumor Localization (2009)

The 10 mm incisions used in minimally invasive cancer surgery prevent the direct palpation of internal organs, making intraoperative tumor localization difficult. A tactile sensing instrument (TSI), which uses a commercially available sensor to measure distributed pressure profiles along the contacting surface, has been developed to facilitate remote tissue palpation. The objective of this research is to assess the feasibility of using the TSI under robotic control to reliably locate underlying tumors while reducing collateral tissue trauma. The performance of humans and a robot using the TSI to locate tumor phantoms embedded into ex vivo bovine livers is compared. An augmented hybrid impedance control scheme has been implemented on a Mitsubishi PA10-7C to perform the force/position control used in the trials. The results show that using the TSI under robotic control realizes an average 35% decrease in the maximum forces applied and a 50% increase in tumor detection accuracy when compared to manual manipulation of the same instrument. This demonstrates that the detection of tumors using tactile sensing is highly dependent on how consistently the forces on the tactile sensing area are applied, and that robotic assistance can be of great benefit when trying to localize tumors in minimally invasive surgery.
Passive Covert Radars using CP-OFDM signals. A new efficient method to extract targets echoes (2014)

Passive Coherent Location (PCL) systems use the signal transmitted by so called illuminators-of-opportunity in the environment to illuminates the targets. With CP-OFDM transmissions, it is quite easy to recover the original data and then to reconstruct the original transmission. The main difficulty is to extract, from the mixture received on the sensors, only the targets echoes. A new efficient and low complexity method is exposed here. Results on both simulated and real data are presented.
Direct phase determination in protein electron crystallography: The pseudo-atom approximation (1997)

The crystal structure of halorhodopsin is determined directly in its centrosymmetric projection using 6.0-A-resolution electron diffraction intensities, without including any previous phase information from the Fourier transform of electron micrographs. The potential distribution in the projection is assumed a priori to be an assembly of globular densities. By an appropriate dimensional re-scaling, these "globs" are then assumed to be pseudo-atoms for normalization of the observed structure factors. After this treatment, the structure is determined directly by conventional direct methods, followed by Fourier refinement, leading to a mean phase deviation of only 20 degrees (from the values originally found from the image transform) for the 45 most intense reflections.
Variable ordering for taylor expansion diagrams (2004)

This paper presents an algorithm for variable ordering for Taylor Expansion Diagrams (TEDs). First we prove that the function implemented by the TED is independent of the order of its variables, and then that swapping of two adjacent variables in a TED is a local permutation similar to that in BDD. These two properties allow us to construct an algorithm to swap variables locally without affecting the entire TED. The proposed algorithm can be used to perform dynamic reordering, such as sifting or window permutation. We also propose a static ordering that can help reduce the permutation space and speed up the search of an optimal variable order for TEDs.
Platelet Factor-4 Variant Chemokine CXCL4L1 Inhibits Melanoma and Lung Carcinoma Growth and Metastasis by Preventing Angiogenesis (2007)

The platelet factor-4 variant, designated PF-4var/CXCL4L1, is a recently described natural non-allelic gene variant of the CXC chemokine platelet factor-4/CXCL4. PF-4var/CXCL4L1 was cloned, and the purified recombinant protein strongly inhibited angiogenesis. Recombinant PF-4var/CXCL4L1 was angiostatically more active (at nanomolar concentration) than PF-4/CXCL4 in various test systems, including wound-healing and migration assays for microvascular endothelial cells and the rat cornea micropocket assay for angiogenesis. Furthermore, PF-4var/CXCL4L1 more efficiently inhibited tumor growth in animal models of melanoma and lung carcinoma than PF-4/CXCL4 at an equimolar concentration. For B16 melanoma in nude mice, a significant reduction in tumor size and the number of small i.t. blood vessels was obtained with i.t. applied PF-4var/CXCL4L1. For A549 adenocarcinoma in severe combined immunodeficient mice, i.t. PF-4var/CXCL4L1 reduced tumor growth and microvasculature more efficiently than PF-4/CXCL4 and prevented metastasis to various organs better than the angiostatic IFN-inducible protein 10/CXCL10. Finally, in the syngeneic model of Lewis lung carcinoma, PF-4var/CXCL4L1 inhibited tumor growth equally well as monokine induced by IFN-gamma (Mig)/CXCL9, also known to attract effector T lymphocytes. Taken together, PF-4var/CXCL4L1 is a highly potent antitumoral chemokine preventing development and metastasis of various tumors by inhibition of angiogenesis. These data confirm the clinical potential of locally released chemokines in cancer therapy.
Inhibition of Akt Kinase Activity by a Peptide Spanning the βA Strand of the Proto-oncogene TCL1 (2004)

Akt plays a central role in the regulation of cellular anti-apoptosis underlying various human neoplastic diseases. We have demonstrated previously that TCL1 (a proto-oncogene underlying human T cell prolymphocytic leukemia) interacts with Akt and functions as an Akt kinase co-activator. With the aim to develop an Akt kinase inhibitor, we hypothesized that a peptide, which spans the Akt-binding site, binds to Akt and modulates Akt kinase activity and its downstream biological responses. Indeed, we demonstrated that a peptide, named "Akt-in" (Akt inhibitor, NH(2)-AVTDHPDRLWAWEKF-COOH, encompassing the betaA strand of human TCL1), interacted with Akt and specifically inhibited its kinase activity. Nuclear magnetic resonance studies suggested that interaction of Akt-in with the pleckstrin homology domain (PH) of Akt caused conformational changes on the variable loop 1 of Akt, the locus mediating phosphoinositide binding. Consistently, interaction of Akt-in with the Akt PH domain prevented phosphoinositide binding and hence inhibited membrane translocation and activation of Akt. Moreover, Akt-in inhibited not only cellular proliferation and anti-apoptosis in vitro but also in vivo tumor growth without any adverse effect. The roles of Akt, which possesses a PH domain, in intracellular signaling were well established. Hence, Akt inhibitors create an attractive target for anticancer therapy. However, no effective inhibitors specific for Akt have been developed. Akt-in, which inhibits association of phosphatidylinositol with Akt, is the first molecule to demonstrate specific Akt kinase inhibition potency. This observation will facilitate the design of specific inhibitors for Akt, a core intracellular survival factor underlying various human neoplastic diseases.
Continuous local antibiotic perfusion: A treatment strategy that allows implant retention in fracture-related infections (2022)

Continuous local antibiotic perfusion is a novel local drug delivery system that has the potential of delivering sufficient concentrations of antibiotics with few systemic side effects; it is a useful option for the treatment of fracture-related infections.
<title>Direct feature extraction from compressed images</title> (1996)

This paper examines the issue of direct extraction of low level features from compressed images. Specifically, we consider the detection of areas of interest and edges in images compressed using the discrete cosine transform (DCT). For interest areas, we show how a measure based on certain DCT coefficients of a block can provide an indication of underlying activity. For edges, we show using an ideal edge model how the relative values of different DCT coefficients of a block can be used to estimate the strength and orientation of an edge. Our experimental results indicate that coarse edge information from compressed images can be extracted up to 20 times faster than conventional edge detectors.
Knowledge Extraction Based on Sentence Matching and Analyzing (2008)

Knowledge extraction extracts knowledge from documents by analyzing document contents, then markups knowledge attribute and stores them into knowledge base. This paper discusses definition of knowledge extraction at first, then presents goal, key technique, application and system architecture of knowledge extraction based on sentence matching and analyzing. The system identifies new sentences in a paper, and makes an analysis of the sentences from internal structure and subject semantics. Then justify knowledge metadata by analyzing association among sentences and pragmatic of the whole paper. At last, allocates knowledge attribute tag for extracted knowledge, such as definition, historic development, characteristics, key technique, classification, application and development trend in the future. Knowledge extraction based on sentence matching and analyzing can not only justify the academic copying or scientific citation automatically, as well as make a document reviewed automatically, but also achieve a conversion on analysis from paper and chapter to sentence and paragraph, which can induce a revolution in knowledge organization and management. Therefore, the study has far-reaching theoretical significance and wide application.
Comparison of acoustic wave pressure sensors for TPMS applications (2015)

We study and compare the pressure sensitivities of different area Rayleigh Lamb wave (RL) mode (S1 mode) and FBAR resonators. The studied RL-mode and FBAR resonators operate at 785MHz and 628MHz respectively. The resonators are fabricated on a released membrane with AlN as the piezoelectric layer. The resonators are hermetically sealed and the manufacturing process uses standard micromachining techniques throughout. The devices exhibit a pressure sensitivity over a range of 15 - 80psi, suitable for Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems (TPMS). The sensitivities of different area resonators are compared.
Study on Measurement of Carrier Effective Lifetime in Furnace and Laser Annealed Diodes (1981)

A new and simple method by which it is possible to separate the bulk generation-recombination current from the externally flowing edge leakage current of ion implanted p-n mesa diodes is introduced. Using this method, the value of the carrier lifetime as well as its profile along the depth is determined. Having demonstrated the effectiveness of this new method for furnace annealed samples, investigations were then carried out for laser annealed ones. It was observed from the results obtained from laser annealed ( Q -switched, Ruby) diodes that the lifetime does not vary with depth at energies greater than 1.6 J/cm 2 . In this energy region, the lifetime becomes longer as the energy is increased reaching an optimum at 2.05 J/cm 2 , after which a further increase in energy causes a sudden shortening of the lifetime.
Application of the cghRA framework to the genomic characterization of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (2017)

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Response to – Blood Pressure Monitoring 2011; 16 (2012)

Gallick, David; Friedman, Bruce A.; Alpert, Bruce S.; Seller, John D.; Quinn, David E.; Osborn, David Members of the AAMI Sphygmomanometer Committee Author Information
Filamentary Tracks Formed in Transparent Optical Glass by Laser Beam Self-Focusing. II. Theoretical Analysis (1971)

An electrostriction mechanism for laser-beam self-focusing and track formation in transparent optical glass is analyzed theoretically. Electrostrictive self-focusing occurs when a laser pulse of sufficiently high power and rapid rise time passes through a transparent medium. For a pulse duration of 50 nsec, trapping thresholds vary from 20 kW to 2 MW. During self-focusing, the beam collapses to a small radius. In solid dielectrics, self-focusing causes permanent damage in the form of isolated regions of gross fracture, termed "damage stars" and long straight tracks of very fine fractures. Typical tracks have a diameter of a few wave-lengths of light and extend up to several centimeters. Self-focusing occurs because of an interaction between light and sound. The laser beam electrostrictively excites an ultrasonic cylindrical disturbance or sound wave. The sound wave initially increases the refractive index along the beam axis. This focuses the beam into a waveguide channel called a filament. In the filament, the intensity is so high that many nonlinear mechanisms may occur, leading to damage and track formation. This paper analyzes only the self-focusing mechanism, not the various damage mechanisms. We assume the beam always remains Gaussian. The propagation of the beam is described by the quasioptics beam-tracing equation, which includes the effects of diffraction. The sound wave and beam-tracing equations are solved in several approximate models. A trapping threshold is derived for three pulse shapes, covering the steady-state, transitional, and transient regimes of pulse duration and beam size. There is a trapping-power coefficient $K$ for each material, calculable from the density, speed of sound for a compression wave or elastic moduli, and refractive index at the laser wavelength. A formula for computing the power to achieve a given constant maximum intensity $I$ as a function of beam size, and pulse duration, and trapping-power coefficient is derived. Values of this given constant intensity have been selected so the constant-intensity curve closely matches experimental track-formation thresholds for three optical glasses. The results are $K=221$ kW and $I=2.5$ ${\mathrm{G}\mathrm{W}/\mathrm{c}\mathrm{m}}^{2}$ for dense flint glass, $K=937$ kW and $I=60$ ${\mathrm{G}\mathrm{W}/\mathrm{c}\mathrm{m}}^{2}$ for borosilicate crown glass, and $K=1119$ kW and $I=180$ ${\mathrm{G}\mathrm{W}/\mathrm{c}\mathrm{m}}^{2}$ for fused silica, at a fixed pulse duration of 55 nsec and a laser wavelength of 694.3 nm. A computer movie of beam trapping shows the collapse of the beam to a relatively constant small radius, which causes track formation. It also shows the extremely rapid upstream motion of the focal points at speeds greater than 100 times the speed of sound. The long period of time they dwell at the upstream end of their motion explains the appearance of damage stars at the upstream ends of the tracks.
Performance evaluation of autonomous decentralized vehicle-grouping protocol for vehicle-to-vehicle communications (2002)

In previous years, intelligent transport systems (ITS) have been investigated intensively. In particular, vehicle-to-vehicle communication is expected to be a key technology to enhance flexible networking to exchange various information among vehicles. In vehicle-to-vehicle communications, autonomous decentralized control is required to coordinate the channel use by multiple users because of constant change of vehicle positions. When time division access scheme is employed for vehicle-to-vehicle communications, transmission power control is basically not necessary owing to the high orthogonality among communication channels. In time division transmission, the resource assignment technique is one of the most important issues, and should be realized in an autonomous decentralized manner for ITS scenario. In this paper, two autonomous decentralized resource assignment protocols are proposed and evaluated in terms of the link outage probability. These protocols can assign the same carrier frequency to a group of neighboring vehicles and give an available free time slot to each vehicle without collision.