gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ABC transporters in antibiotic-producing actinomycetes (1998)

Many antibiotic-producing actinomycetes possess at least one ABC (ATP-binding cassette) transporter which forms part of the antibiotic biosynthetic pathway and in most cases confers resistance to the drug in an heterologous host. Three types of antibiotic ABC transporters have been so far described in producer organisms. In Type I two genes are involved, one encoding a hydrophilic ATP-binding protein with one nucleotide-binding domain and the other encoding a hydrophobic membrane protein. In Type II transporters only a gene encoding the hydrophilic ATP-binding protein with two nucleotide-binding domains is present and no gene encoding a hydrophobic membrane protein has been found. In Type III only one gene is involved which encodes both the hydrophilic and hydrophobic components. Possibly these ABC transporters are responsible for secretion of the antibiotics outside the cells. A comparative analysis of the ATP-binding components of the different antibiotic ABC transporters and analysis of the amino acid distances between the so-called Walker motifs suggests that the three types of transporters have probably evolved from a common ancestor containing a single nucleotide-binding domain.
Combustion Ionization for Resonance Detection and Mitigation Using Pilot Injection in a Diesel Engine (2014)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Advanced injection systems play a major role in reducing engine out emission in modern diesel engines. One interesting technology is the common rail injection system which is becoming more vital in controlling emission due to its flexibility in injection pressure, timing and number of injection events. Many studies have showed the advantages of using such injection parameters to meet the strict emission and improve engine performance. A glow plug/ ion current sensor was used to measure ionization produced during the combustion process. The ion current signal contains many valuable information including combustion phasing, duration and combustion resonance. In prior publications, it was demonstrated the capability of the ion current to control the combustion phasing and the ability to detect combustion resonance. Therefore, the experimental testing was conducted under controlled combustion phasing using the feedback from the ion current sensor. Since the combustion noise is mainly produced by combustion resonance, the ion current sensor was used to detect combustion resonance in this work.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper presents a detailed study to characterize the effect of pilot injection quantity and timing on combustion noise at different engine operating conditions, where a development of a control strategy is proposed to mitigate combustion resonance via controlling pilot injection. Also, improvement in engine performance, fuel consumption and emission is concurrently targeted. The experimental investigation is conducted on a 4.5L four cylinder, turbo-charged, diesel engine equipped with common rail injection system. The results of this study provide a better understanding for the effect of pilot injection parameters that influence combustion noise, engine performance, fuel consumption and engine-out emission.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Multilayer microwave integrated quantum circuits for scalable quantum computing (2015)

As experimental quantum information processing (QIP) rapidly advances, an emerging challenge is to design a scalable architecture that combines various quantum elements into a complex device without compromising their performance. In particular, superconducting quantum circuits have successfully demonstrated many of the requirements for quantum computing, including coherence levels that approach the thresholds for scaling. However, it remains challenging to couple a large number of circuit components through controllable channels while suppressing any other interactions. We propose a hardware platform intended to address these challenges, which combines the advantages of integrated circuit fabrication and long coherence times achievable in three-dimensional circuit quantum electrodynamics (3D cQED). This multilayer microwave integrated quantum circuit (MMIQC) platform provides a path toward the realization of increasingly complex superconducting devices in pursuit of a scalable quantum computer.
Synthesis of Fused Pyran Derivatives via Visible-Light-Induced Cascade Cyclization of 1,7-Enynes with Acyl Chlorides (2017)

A photocatalytic cascade cyclization of 1,7-enynes with acyl chlorides has been established. This method offers an operationally simple access to diverse fused pyran derivatives with a broad substrate scope in high yields from simple acyl chlorides via an acyl radical intermediate.
Sensing characteristics of tin-doped ZnO thin films as NO2 gas sensor (2004)

NO 2 gas sensor was fabricated by successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) technique and rapid photothermal processing (RPP) of the Sn-doped ZnO film. The experimental results shows that tin doping of zinc oxide thin films improve the sensor element sensitivity to 1.5 ppm NO 2 in air and downshift the operating temperature. The influence of variation of Sn concentration in the chemical bath and the RPP temperature on NO 2 sensitivity of thin film sensor elements was investigated in this work. Higher sensitivity was obtained at 5–10 at.% tin concentration in the solution of ions and RPP temperature of 550–650 °C. Increasing the Sn concentration in doped ZnO samples more than 10 at.% as well as decreasing the oxygen partial pressure leads to the NO 2 gas sensitivity decrease. It looks promising to use the inexpensive tin-doped zinc oxide thin films obtained by SILAR method and RPP in smart gas sensing devices that are able to recognize gas species in low concentrations and are demanded for continuous environmental monitoring.
Algorithm for Controlling Multi-Car Elevator Systems Based on Procedures Estimating Efficiency of Passenger Transport and Call Assignability (2009)

Recently multi-car elevator (MCE) consisting of several elevator cars in a single elevator shaft received great interest as transportation systems for high-rise buildings. Algorithms for efficiently controlling elevator cars are necessary to put MCEs to practical use. We propose an algorithm for controlling MCEs to reduce passenger-waiting time. A feature of our algorithm is the introduction of a simple function estimating efficiency of passenger transport and a procedure checking assignability of a car. We evaluate the performance of our algorithm using a simulation and show that it performs better compared with a previous algorithm.
Effect of Microencapsulation on Photo-Stability of Nifedipine (2006)

Nifedipine (NIF), a 1,4-dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist, undergoes photodegradation to dehydro-nifedipine (DNIF) upon exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light and to the nitroso analogue of dehydro-nifedipine (NDNIF) when exposed to sunlight or some kinds of artificial lights. NIF photo-degradation products do not contribute to clinical activity, thus prevention of photo-degradation of NIF formulations is very important. Large differences in photo-stability between bioequivalent NIF products could potentially result in the therapeutic failure of unstable preparations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of microencapsulation on nifedipine photo-stability. Four different microspheres of nifedipine were prepared using ethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose plus titanium oxide, pectin and gelatin. Microspheres were exposed to fluorescent light and the content of NIF, DNIF and NDNIF for each product was measured using a specific and sensitive reversed phase high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) method to determine the extent of photo-decomposition. In addition, photo-degradation of pure NIF powder was compared with acidic and buffer solution of NIF. Solution of NIF degraded in one day, while microencapsulation of NIF prevented the photodegradation for up to six days against light exposure. Therefore, it may be concluded that present microencapsulation method without using other compounds such as opaque materials do not provide enough protection.
2-D harmonic modeling techniques : extension with mode-matching vs. combining with magnetic equivalent circuits (2015)

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CGIN1: A Retroviral Contribution to Mammalian Genomes (2009)

This study describes the origin and structural features of a mammalian gene, CGIN1 (Cousin of GIN1). CGIN1 proteins contain an NYN domain, retroviral RNase H and integrase domains, and a domain of unknown function (CGIN1 domain) that is also present in two other genes (N4BP1 and KIAA0323). We suggest that CGIN1 derives from the fusion of a KIAA0323-like gene with retroviral sequences, which occurred prior to the marsupial-eutherian split. Sequence and structural analyses indicate that the CGIN1 integrase domain is inactive but still retains the 3D folding observed in retroviral integrases. We hypothesize that CGIN1 may contribute to retroviral resistance in mammals by regulating the ubiquitination of viral proteins.
Hexosaminidase‐altered Aberrant Crypts, Carrying Decreased Hexosaminidase α and β Subunit mRNAs, in Colon of 1,2‐Dimethylhydrazine‐treated Rats (2001)

Aberrant crypt foci (ACF), consisting of morphologically irregular crypts, are thought to be precancerous lesions for colon cancers. For their molecular analysis, it is necessary to avoid contamination with adjacent normal crypts and stromal cells. Decreased hexosaminidase activity in ACF, which has been histochemically demonstrated, was used in the present study to classify isolated crypts in combination with morphological changes. The length, rim diameter, and width (average SD, microm) of hexosaminidase-positive (Hex + ) crypts were 238.6 +/- 40.4, 89.5 +/- 22.9, and 57.6 +/- 14.0, respectively. For hexosaminidase-negative (Hex - ) crypts, the values were 314.4 +/- 77.8, 140.3 +/- 45.7, and 97.3 +/- 34.7, the width being 1.69 times greater (P < 0.0001). Crypts wider than 115 microm (approximately 2 times the average size of Hex + crypts) were all from ACF, judging from hexosaminidase staining. To analyze transcription levels of Hex alpha and beta subunits (Hexa and Hexb, respectively), real-time relative quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis was performed using the LightCycler system. In aberrant crypts, both Hexa and Hexb were significantly down-regulated to 0.266 (P < 0.002) and 0.131 (P < 0.001) units, respectively, compared with those in morphologically normal crypts, with beta-actin as the internal standard. This decrease could be a molecular marker for precancerous enzyme-altered ACF.
Calcium Channel Blockers in Experimental Acute Pancreatitis (1996)

The effect of verapamil administration on the changes of prostanoid synthesis, and on free radical production associated with acute pancreatitis, has been evaluated. A necrohemorrhagic model of pancreatitis was induced in Wistar rats by intraductal administration of sodium taurocholate (3.5%). This model is associated with initial increases in prostanoid synthesis and peroxidative damage. Verapamil, administered before pancreatitis induction, prevented initial increases in 6-keto prostaglandin F1alpha (PGF1alpha) and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) but had no effect on PGF2alpha or PGE2 or on lipoperoxidative damage. These results indicate that verapamil administration prevents the increases in pancreatic vasoactive prostanoids (TXB2 and 6-keto PGF1alpha) without affecting the increased levels of PGE2 and PGF2alpha and has no effect on oxygen free radical production in the initial stages of experimental acute pancreatitis.
COMMERCIAL GAME UTILIZATION ON SOUTH AFRICAN FARMS (1990)

ABSTRACT A mail survey was conducted to examine game utilization. Forty nine per cent of respondents derive income from game, but this income tends to be small relative to total farm income. Concerns involved with trophy hunting obtain more revenue than other categories, they keep more spies and devote more time to game farming. Almost 50 per cent plan to expand game farm activities. Stock farming represents the main activity on farms of most respondents.
Adaptive control of robot manipulators in task space (1993)

Adaptive control of robotic manipulators in task space or Cartesian space is considered. A general Lyapunov-like concept is used to design an adaptive control law. It is shown that the global stability and convergence can be achieved for the adaptive control algorithm. The algorithm has the advantage that the inverse of Jacobian matrix is not required. The algorithm is further modified so that the requirement for the bounded inverse of estimated inertia matrix is also eliminated. In addition, two approaches are presented to achieve robustness to bounded disturbances.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Mood, cognition and in vivo protein imaging: the emerging nexus in clinical neuroscience (2007)

Modern neuroimaging approaches such as positron emission tomography (PET) based in vivo protein binding may help further elucidate common pathophysiological mechanisms and assist in the early identification of patients at risk for developing dementia over time. These developments have important mechanistic and public health significance in the elderly.
A diaphragm-gate transistor for MEMS microphones (2003)

We present a process that can be manipulated to build pressure transducers very simply, using standard post fabrication procedure. This process is cost efficient, requiring but one extra step subsequent to standard MOSIS fabrication. Strategically placing hollowed insertions, and filling with hydrofluoric acid, allows for the etching of an underlying gate oxide. The resulting cavity turns the layer above it into a diaphragm that produces an output voltage in commensurate with air pressure impingent on the surface. We present an analog circuit used to handle the output signal, and discuss future possibilities for using this device as a microphone.
Characterisation of the phenolic profile of Boerhaavia diffusa L. by HPLC‐PAD‐MS/MS as a tool for quality control (2005)

Phenolic acids and flavonols of nine leaf and three root samples of Boerhaavia diffusa L., collected at different locations and subjected to several drying procedures, were characterised by reversed-phase HPLC-PAD-ESI/MS for the first time. Ten phenolic compounds were identified: 3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxycinnamoyl-rhamnoside, quercetin 3-O-rhamnosyl(1-->6)galactoside (quercetin 3-O-robinobioside), quercetin 3-O-(2"-rhamnosyl)-robinobioside, kaempferol 3-O-(2"-rhamnosyl)-robinobioside, 3,5,4'-trihydroxy-6,7-dimethoxyflavone 3-O-galactosyl(1-->2)glucoside [eupalitin 3-O-galactosyl(1-->2)glucoside], caffeoyltartaric acid, kaempferol 3-O-robinobioside, eupalitin 3-O-galactoside, quercetin and kaempferol. Quantification was achieved by HPLC-PAD and two phenolic patterns were found for the leaves, in which quercetin 3-O-robinobioside or quercetin 3-O-(2"-rhamnosyl)-robinobioside was the major compound. Caffeoyltartaric acid was only present in the root material where it represented the main phenolic constituent. The results obtained demonstrated that the geographical origin (particularly the nature of the soil), but not the drying process, influences the phenolic composition.
Robot Motion Planning (2008)

Abstract Robot motion planning is the problem of automatically generating robot trajectories and control laws from high‐level specifications. This article covers the main ideas and concepts and reviews some of the results and approaches. Configuration and work spaces, potential‐based approaches, road maps, sampling‐based algorithms, and cell decompositions are among the included topics. This article also provides an introduction to the emerging area of symbolic motion planning and control.
Machining Property in Smoothing of Steeply Curved Surfaces by Elastic Emission Machining (2014)

In optics fields, an extremely smooth surface with a complex form is necessary for the lens and mirror used in advanced optical systems, although their surfaces are still difficult to polish. Here, we describe the machining of steeply curved surfaces by rotating-sphere EEM (elastic emission machining). Thus far, the use of rotating-sphere EEM has been limited to flat and gradually curved surfaces in spite of its high performance. We demonstrated the successful application of rotating-sphere EEM to a glass cylinder, resulting in a decrease in RMS (root mean square) surface roughness from 0.30 to 0.16 nm.
The influence of the capping ligands on the optoelectronic performance, morphology, and ion liberation of CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dots (2023)

Abstract Perovskite quantum dots (PeQDs) endowed with capping ligands exhibit impressive optoelectronic properties and enable for cost-efficient solution processing and exciting application opportunities. We synthesize and characterize three different PeQDs with the same cubic CsPbBr 3 core, but which are distinguished by the ligand composition and density. PeQD-1 features a binary didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB) and octanoic acid capping ligand system, with a high surface density of 1.53 nm −2 , whereas PeQD-2 and PeQD-3 are coated by solely DDAB at a gradually lower surface density. We show that PeQD-1 endowed with highest ligand density features the highest dispersibility in toluene of 150 g/L, the highest photoluminescence quantum yield of 95% in dilute solution and 59% in a neat film, and the largest core-to-core spacing in neat thin films. We further establish that ions are released from the core of PeQD-1 when it is exposed to an electric field, although it comprises a dense coating of one capping ligand per four surface core atoms. We finally exploit these combined findings to the development of a light-emitting electrochemical cell (LEC), where the active layer is composed solely of solution-processed pure PeQDs, without additional electrolytes. In this device, the ion release is utilized as an advantage for the electrochemical doping process and efficient emissive operation of the LEC.
Analysis of the Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4 (MAP2K4) tumor suppressor gene in ovarian cancer (2011)

MAP2K4 is targeted by genetic inactivation in ovarian cancer and restricted to high grade serous and endometrioid carcinomas in our cohort.
Epitaxial Growth and Photoresponse Properties of BaSi2 Layers toward Si-Based High-Efficiency Solar Cells (2010)

We have grown BaSi 2 epitaxial films and polycrystalline films by molecular-beam epitaxy on Si(111) and on (111)-oriented 100-nm-thick polycrystalline Si layers fabricated by an aluminum-induced crystallization method on SiO 2 , respectively. Electron backscatter diffraction analysis was performed on the 200-nm-thick BaSi 2 epitaxial film and the grain size of the film was found to be approximately 3–10 µm. Photocurrents were clearly observed for the BaSi 2 (900 nm)/Si and BaSi 2 (300 nm)/SiO 2 samples for photons with energies greater than 1.25 eV at room temperature when bias voltage was applied between the 1.5-mm-spacing striped electrodes formed on the surface. The photoresponsivity of the samples increased sharply with increasing photon energy and attained its maximum at approximately 1.60 eV. From the temperature dependence of the photoresponsivity, the activation energies of the BaSi 2 epitaxial films and polycrystalline films were estimated to be approximately 6 and 52 meV, respectively.
Bolus Injection v Drip Infusion Contrast Administration for Ureteral Stone Targeting During Shockwave Lithotripsy (1998)

No AccessJournal of UrologyUrological Survey: Abstracts: Urolithiasis, Endourology and Laparoscopic Surgery1 Nov 1998Bolus Injection v Drip Infusion Contrast Administration for Ureteral Stone Targeting During Shockwave Lithotripsy M.S. Pearle, B.L. McClennan, C.G. Roehrborn, and R.V. Clayman M.S. PearleM.S. Pearle More articles by this author , B.L. McClennanB.L. McClennan More articles by this author , C.G. RoehrbornC.G. Roehrborn More articles by this author , and R.V. ClaymanR.V. Clayman More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(01)62480-7AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Bolus Injection v Drip Infusion Contrast Administration for Ureteral Stone Targeting During Shockwave Lithotripsy." The Journal of Urology, 160(5), p. 1948 Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University Medical School, New Haven, Connecticut, and Departments of Surgery (Division of Urology) and Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri© 1998 by American Urological Association, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 160Issue 5November 1998Page: 1948 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1998 by American Urological Association, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information M.S. Pearle More articles by this author B.L. McClennan More articles by this author C.G. Roehrborn More articles by this author R.V. Clayman More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Loading ...
Performance Evaluation Methods of Computer Vision Systems for Meal Assessment (2016)

Several systems have been proposed for the automatic food intake assessment and dietary support by analyzing meal images captured by smartphones. A typical system consists of computational stages that detect/segment the existing foods, recognize each of them, compute their volume, and finally estimate the corresponding nutritional information. Although this newborn field has made remarkable progress over the last years, the lack of standardized datasets and established evaluation frameworks has made difficult the comparison between methods and eventually prevented the formal definition of the problem. In this paper, we present an overview of the datasets and protocols used for evaluating the computer vision stages of the proposed automatic meal assessment systems.
Kinetics of reactions in heterocycles. Part XIV. Reactions of 2- and 4-amino-, -methylamino-, and -dimethylamino-pyridine methiodides and 2-methylthiopyrimidine methiodide with hydroxide ions in water (1975)

The kinetics of the reactions of 2- and 4-amino-, -methylamino-, and -dimethylamino-pyridine methiodides with hydroxide ions in water have been studied. At 20 °C, 2-dimethylaminopyridine methiodide was 8.5 × 103 times more reactive than its 4-isomer, owing mainly to a lower energy of activation (by 6.4 kcal mol–1). The 2- and 4-dimethylaminopyridine methiodides were 2.3 × 10–4 and 3.1 × 10–6 times less reactive than their chloroanalogues. The reaction of 2-methylthiopyridine methiodide with hydroxide ions was found to proceed via a two-step process.
SINE insertions: powerful tools for molecular systematics (2000)

Short interspersed repetitive elements, or SINEs, are tRNA-derived retroposons that are dispersed throughout eukaryotic genomes and can be present in well over 10(4) total copies. The enormous volume of SINE amplifications per organism makes them important evolutionary agents for shaping the diversity of genomes, and the irreversible, independent nature of their insertion allows them to be used for diagnosing common ancestry among host taxa with extreme confidence. As such, they represent a powerful new tool for systematic biology that can be strategically integrated with other conventional phylogenetic characters, most notably morphology and DNA sequences. This review covers the basic aspects of SINE evolution that are especially relevant to their use as systematic characters and describes the practical methods of characterizing SINEs for cladogram construction. It also discusses the limits of their systematic utility, clarifies some recently published misunderstandings, and illustrates the effective application of SINEs for vertebrate phylogenetics with results from selected case studies. BioEssays 22:148-160, 2000.