gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Machine learning–enabled identification of material phase transitions based on experimental data: Exploring collective dynamics in ferroelectric relaxors (2018)

Exploration of phase transitions and construction of associated phase diagrams are of fundamental importance for condensed matter physics and materials science alike, and remain the focus of extensive research for both theoretical and experimental studies. For the latter, comprehensive studies involving scattering, thermodynamics, and modeling are typically required. We present a new approach to data mining multiple realizations of collective dynamics, measured through piezoelectric relaxation studies, to identify the onset of a structural phase transition in nanometer-scale volumes, that is, the probed volume of an atomic force microscope tip. Machine learning is used to analyze the multidimensional data sets describing relaxation to voltage and thermal stimuli, producing the temperature-bias phase diagram for a relaxor crystal without the need to measure (or know) the order parameter. The suitability of the approach to determine the phase diagram is shown with simulations based on a two-dimensional Ising model. These results indicate that machine learning approaches can be used to determine phase transitions in ferroelectrics, providing a general, statistically significant, and robust approach toward determining the presence of critical regimes and phase boundaries.
Self-localization for mobile robots by matching of two consecutive environmental range data (2002)

While navigating, most autonomous mobile robots view things only in front of them and, as a result, they may collide with objects moving from the side or behind. To overcome this problem, an active omni-directional range sensor system is presented, that is capable of obtaining the omni-directional range data on a navigation environment through the use of a laser conic plane and a conic mirror. Based on this system configuration, we propose a self-localization algorithm. The proposed algorithm to estimate the current position and heading angle of mobile robots utilizes the registered range data obtained at two positions; current and previous and matches the two range informations. To show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, a series of simulations was conducted under various navigation conditions. The results show that the proposed algorithm is very efficient in processing, and can be effectively utilized for self-localization of mobile robots in unknown environments.
High-Frequency Electric Field Measurement Using a Toroidal Antenna (1997)

A simple and compact method and apparatus for detecting high frequency electric fields, particularly in the frequency range of 1 MHz to 100 MHz, uses a compact toroidal antenna. For typical geophysical applications the sensor will be used to detect electric fields for a wide range of spectrum starting from about 1 MHz, in particular in the frequency range between 1 to 100 MHz, to detect small objects in the upper few meters of the ground. Time-varying magnetic fields associated with time-varying electric fields induce an emf (voltage) in a toroidal coil. The electric field at the center of (and perpendicular to the plane of) the toroid is shown to be linearly related to this induced voltage. By measuring the voltage across a toroidal coil one can easily and accurately determine the electric field.
A current-feedback instrumentation amplifier with a gain error reduction loop and 0.06% untrimmed gain error (2011)

Current-feedback instrumentation amplifiers (CFIAs) have significant advantages over the classic three-opamp topology: better power efficiency higher CMRR and rail-sensing capability. Their main disadvantage, however, is their limited gain accuracy, which is determined by the mismatch of two transconduc tors. Using resistor-degenerated differential pairs, 0.1% gain error and improved linearity have been achieved. However, this incurs either increased noise or increased power. This paper describes a chopper CFIA that employs a contin uous-time (CT) gain error reduction loop (GERL) without incurring a noise penalty. Without trimming, it achieves a gain error of less than 0.06% and a max imum gain drift of 6ppm/°C in a power efficient manner (NEF=11.2).
Optical antennas: A boost for infrared detection (2008)

Optical antennas that operate at infrared wavelengths are studied for their potential application in enhancing the sensitivity of infrared detectors. Huge enhancement of infrared intensity can be achieved at the gap region of dipole and bowtie aperture antennas. The intensity enhancement is found to increase monotonically with a narrower gap size. The infrared radiation is also found to be concentrated above and below the antenna plane at the gap region, which allows for easy integration of the optical antennas with infrared detectors. The advantages of the infrared antennas, such as strong field enhancement and easy fabrication, may present a viable solution toward achieving highly sensitive and highly compact uncooled infrared detectors to impact numerous infrared technologies.
An accurate automatic tuning scheme for high-Q continuous-time bandpass filters based on amplitude comparison. (2003)

A new automatic tuning scheme for continuous-time high-Q bandpass filters is presented. It is conducted by amplitude comparison at three frequencies generated by an on-chip frequency synthesizer. Theoretical analysis and experimental results are provided. Analysis shows the tuning method is suitable for bandpass filters with Q>10. A g/sub m/-C second-order filter is designed to demonstrate the proposed tuning scheme. The test chip is fabricated in AMI 0.5 /spl mu/m process. The measured frequency tuning error is 0.25%, and Q-tuning error is 3% for a 200 MHz filter with a desired Q of 28.6.
Minimum Number of Squares in a Group When Not All of Them Are Relatively Commutative (1934)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
AMINOLEVULINIC ACID PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY FOR FACIAL REJUVENATION AND ACNE (2010)

Light therapy is widely used in dermatology. The addition of a photosensitizing medication to the light, collectively known as photodynamic therapy (PDT), can enhance laser and light treatment. PDT has become an increasingly popular therapy for practitioners treating a variety of cosmetic and medical dermatologic conditions. The two commonly used photosensitizers are 20% 5-aminolevuline acid (ALA; Levulan, DUSA Pharmaceuticals) and the methyl ester of 20% 5-ALA (MAL; Metvixia, Galderma). Once ALA or MAL has been applied, it is metabolized into the photosensitizer protoporphyrin PpIX, which is preferentially taken up by rapidly proliferating cells such as tumor cells and sebaceous glands. Irradiation of photosensitized skin with various light and laser sources results in a photooxidation of the target molecules.
Identification of two mutations increasing the methanol tolerance of Corynebacterium glutamicum (2015)

The methanol tolerance of C. glutamicum can be increased by two point mutations leading to amino acid exchange of O-acetylhomoserine sulfhydrolase MetY and shortened CoA transferase Cat. Introduction of these mutations into producer strains may be helpful when using carbon sources containing methanol as component or impurity.
Magnetic and structural properties of nickel zinc ferrite nanoparticles synthesized at room temperature (2004)

Nickel zinc ferrite nanoparticles (Ni0.20Zn0.44Fe2.36O4) have been produced at room temperature, without calcination, using a reverse micelle process. Particle size is approximately 7 nm as determined by x-ray powder diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Saturation magnetization values are lower than anticipated, but are explained by elemental analysis, particle size, and cation occupancy within the spinel lattice. Extended x-ray absorption fine structure analysis suggests that a significant amount of Zn2+, which normally occupies tetrahedral sites, actually resides in octahedral coordination in a zinc-enriched outer layer of the particles. This “excess” of diamagnetic Zn can thus contribute to the overall decrease in magnetism. Further, this model can also be used to suggest a formation mechanism in which Zn2+ is incorporated at a later stage in the particle growth process.
17β-Estradiol 2- and 4-Hydroxylation Catalyzed by Rat Hepatic Cytochrome P-450: Roles of Individual Forms, Inductive Effects, Developmental Patterns, and Alterations by Gonadectomy and Hormone Replacement* (1986)

The participation of rat hepatic P-450 in the conversion of 17 beta-estradiol to catechol estrogens was examined by means of enzyme reconstitution and immunoinhibition studies. It was thus demonstrated that three rat liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 forms, designated P-450UT-A, P-450PCN-E, and P-450ISF-G, each contribute to the 2- and 4-hydroxylation of 17 beta-estradiol catalyzed by hepatic microsomal preparations. Two of these enzymes, P-450UT-A and P-450PCN-E, are expressed constitutively, are male-specific, and are regulated by testosterone as well as influenced by the administration of various chemicals. Consistent with these observations, 17 beta-estradiol 2- and 4-hydroxylation activities both increased rapidly during puberty in male rats and were induced by treatment of rats with phenobarbital or pregnenolone 16 alpha-carbonitrile. Castration of male rats at birth or at 5 weeks of age suppressed the levels of 17 beta-estradiol 2- and 4-hydroxylase activities measured at 10 weeks of age. This suppression of activity was reversed upon administration of testosterone during the neonatal period (days 1 and 3 of life) or by capsule implantation at 5 weeks of age. These patterns of 17 beta-estradiol 2- and 4-hydroxylation are discussed in terms of the previously characterized response of the multiple rat hepatic P-450 forms to ontogenic, hormonal, and xenobiotic factors.
Steroids. LXI.1 Synthesis of 19-Nor-desoxycorticosterone, a Potent Mineralocorticoid Hormone2 (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSteroids. LXI.1 Synthesis of 19-Nor-desoxycorticosterone, a Potent Mineralocorticoid Hormone2A. Sandoval, G. H. Thomas, Carl Djerassi, G. Rosenkranz, and Franz SondheimerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 1, 148–151Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01606a045https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01606a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views115Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Inhibition by dietary curcumin of azoxymethane-induced ornithine decarboxylase, tyrosine protein kinase, arachidonic acid metabolism and aberrant crypt foci formation in the rat colon (1993)

The present study was designed to investigate the modulatory role of dietary curcumin on (i) azoxymethane (AOM)-induced ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), tyrosine protein kinase (TPK) and arachidonic acid metabolism in liver and colonic mucosa of male F344 rats, (ii) in vitro arachidonic acid metabolism in the liver and colonic mucosa and (iii) AOM-induced aberrant crypt foci (ACF) formation in the colon of F344 rats. At 5 weeks of age groups of animals were fed one of the experimental diets containing 0 or 2000 p.p.m. curcumin. Two weeks later all the animals except the vehicle-treated groups were given s.c. injections of AOM, 15 mg/kg body wt, once weekly for 2 weeks. The animals intended for biochemical study were killed 5 days later and the colonic mucosa and liver were analyzed for ODC, TPK, lipoxygenase and cyclo-oxygenase metabolites. The animals intended for ACF study were killed 9 weeks later and analyzed for ACF in the colon. The results indicated that in saline-treated animals dietary curcumin significantly inhibited the ODC (P < 0.001) and TPK (P < 0.05) activities in the liver and colonic mucosa. Dietary curcumin significantly decreased the levels of AOM-induced ODC activity in the liver and colon (P < 0.0001) and TPK activity in the liver and colon (P < 0.01-0.0001) and the formation of 5(S)-, 8(S)-, 12(S)- and 15(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs) in the liver and colon (P < 0.0001). Also, curcumin suppressed AOM-induced prostaglandin (PG) and thromboxane (Tx) formation in the liver (PGE2, PGF2 alpha, PGD2, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and TxB2 to 40, 59, 55, 53 and 39% respectively) and in the colon (PGE2 and PGF2 alpha to 39 and 41% respectively). Further, dietary curcumin reduced the in vitro formation of HETEs, PGs and Tx in a dose-dependent manner. AOM-induced colonic ACF were significantly (P < 0.001) inhibited in the animals fed the curcumin diet. The results of the present study indicate that curcumin, present in turmeric, inhibits AOM-induced colonic preneoplastic lesions and other cellular events relevant to colon carcinogenesis.
FEM Analysis of Heat Deformation of Plastic Bumper (1998)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In the evaluation of plastic components during vehicle development, a relatively large number of items are evaluated as rejectable due to heat deformation. To reduce the vehicle development lead time, it would be desirable to establish an analytical technology using CAE to forecast vehicle performance with high order prediction. In the current study, the authors used “ABAQUS”, a superior tool for non-linear structural analysis, to conduct an FEM analysis considering thermal dependency, creep characteristics, and oval(escape heat stress) hole structure for mounting components. The analytical results confirmed the usefulness of the resin bumper numerical solution of thermal displacement. This report describes these results.&lt;/div&gt;
Intraocular tumor suppression of retinoblastoma gene-reconstituted retinoblastoma cells. (1991)

Human retinoblastoma is caused by mutational inactivation of the retinoblastoma suppressor gene (RB). We have examined intraocular tumorigenicity of retinoblastoma cells in which RB expression was achieved by retroviral transduction. Retinoblastoma cells were injected into the anterior chambers of severe combined immunodeficient mouse eyes, and tumorigenicity was assessed. RB-expressing retinoblastoma cells usually failed to form progressive tumors in the anterior chamber, whereas the parental, RB-negative line, WERI-Rb27, was rapidly tumorigenic. These results support the hypothesis that inactivation of the RB gene is critical for the growth of retinoblastoma tumors. The potential use of RB reconstitution for treating human retinoblastoma is suggested by our finding that intraocular tumor growth can be suppressed by RB expression.
A Guide to Dynamic Load Balancing in Distributed Computer Systems (2010)

Load balancing is the process of redistributing the work load among nodes of the distributed system to improve both resource utilization and job response time while also avoiding a situation where some nodes are heavily loaded while others are idle or doing little work. A dynamic load balancing algorithm assumes no a priori knowledge about job behavior or the global state of the system, i.e., load balancing decisions are solely based on the current status of the system. The development of an effective dynamic load balancing algorithm involves many important issues: load estimation, load levels comparison, performance indices, system stability, amount of information exchanged among nodes, job resource requirements estimation, job’s selection for transfer, remote nodes selection, and more. This paper presents and analyses the aforementioned issues that need to be considered in the development or study of a dynamic load balancing algorithm. Keywords: Distributed computer systems; communication networks; load balancing; load sharing; performance evaluation; stability. 1.
Operating mechanism for device cooperative content on ubiquitous networks (2004)

We propose an operating mechanism for device cooperative content, which is a concept to provide new content on ubiquitous networks. There are two types of device cooperative content. The first is temporal synchronizing content and the second is semantical synchronizing content. Therefore, the content operation mechanism consists of two types of cooperative operation. Device cooperative playing plays various content synchronously after distributing user profile information to other accessible devices in setting up a cooperative playing environment. Device cooperative browsing is an interactive method, which can be used to browse related content for being content watched. Both operation mechanisms are based on multi-device operation, which are connected to a peer-to-peer network; the former operates cooperatively to find its own interests and maintains these around itself, the latter is a synchronous multi-device player. Multi-devices sharing common information might have common interest topics on various user devices. When new devices are connected to the environment, they detect suitable information through filtering, and obtain this from other devices on a local ubiquitous network. We describe this concept and discuss the device cooperative SMIL player and WebBoard, which are implementations of our concept.
ChemInform Abstract: Conformational Analysis of Asn‐Linked Oligosaccharides: Implications in Biological Processes (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Preparation of Useful Synthetic Intermediates of Taxol Analogs, Cyclooctenone Derivatives. (1997)

Stereoselective syntheses of omega-(alpha-bromoketo) octanals and nonanal with oxygenated functions and formation of the corresponding eight-membered carbocyclic aldols by subsequent samarium(II)-mediated cyclization are demonstrated. Cyclooctenones deoxygenated at the C2 or C10 position in the taxane framework are prepared by dehydration of the above aldols.
Drought response and minimal water requirements of diploid and interploid St. Augustinegrass under progressive drought stress (2020)

Abstract St. Augustinegrass [ Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze] is a popular shade‐tolerant turfgrass but has a higher water use rate compared with other warm‐season turfgrasses. In an effort to improve drought resistance in St. Augustinegrass, the Texas A&amp;M turfgrass breeding program has used embryo rescue technology and developed interploid (polyploid × diploid) hybrids to facilitate the combination of desirable traits from across ploidy levels. In this study, we determined the drought response and minimal water requirements of eight diploid and 18 interploid hybrids compared with ‘Floratam’, ‘Palmetto’, ‘Raleigh’, and ‘TamStar’ during ∼90 d of dry‐down under a rainout shelter in 2015 and 2016. Digital images of percentage green cover were taken weekly and entries with green cover ≤50 ± 1% were supplied with 2.54 cm of water. Genotypic differences were observed, but overall, interploids demonstrated better drought response than diploids, as indicated by longer days to reach 50% green cover and a turfgrass quality of 5.0. Nine interploid hybrids, including TamStar, did not require any water to maintain above 50% green cover in both years as compared with Floratam, Raleigh, and Palmetto. Our results also show that minimum turfgrass quality of 5.0 was not maintained at the 50% green cover threshold and that 75–80% green cover more accurately represents the minimum quality for future drought evaluations in our geographic conditions.
Inhibition of the Cyclin-Dependent Kinases at the Beginning of Human Cytomegalovirus Infection Specifically Alters the Levels and Localization of the RNA Polymerase II Carboxyl-Terminal Domain Kinases cdk9 and cdk7 at the Viral Transcriptosome (2007)

We previously reported that defined components of the host transcription machinery are recruited to human cytomegalovirus immediate-early (IE) transcription sites, including cdk9 and cdk7 (S. Tamrakar, A. J. Kapasi, and D. H. Spector, J. Virol. 79:15477-15493, 2005). In this report, we further document the complexity of this site, referred to as the transcriptosome, through identification of additional resident proteins, including viral UL69 and cellular cyclin T1, Brd4, histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1), and HDAC2. To examine the role of cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks) in the establishment of this site, we used roscovitine, a specific inhibitor of cdk1, cdk2, cdk7, and cdk9, that alters processing of viral IE transcripts and inhibits expression of viral early genes. In the presence of roscovitine, IE2, cyclin T1, Brd4, HDAC1, and HDAC2 accumulate at the transcriptosome. However, accumulation of cdk9 and cdk7 was specifically inhibited. Roscovitine treatment also resulted in decreased levels of cdk9 and cdk7 RNA. There was a corresponding reduction in cdk9 protein but only a modest decrease in cdk7 protein. However, overexpression of cdk9 does not compensate for the effects of roscovitine on cdk9 localization or viral gene expression. Delaying the addition of roscovitine until 8 h postinfection prevented all of the observed effects of the cdk inhibitor. These data suggest that IE2 and multiple cellular factors needed for viral RNA synthesis accumulate within the first 8 h at the viral transcriptosome and that functional cdk activity is required for the specific recruitment of cdk7 and cdk9 during this time interval.
Alterations in Blood Electrolyte of Rabbits with Experimental Injection of Escherichia coli Endotoxin (2000)

We studied the effects of Escherichia coli (E. coli) endotoxin on blood electrolytes levels in rabbits. Endotoxin (E. coli serotype O55 : B5) was injected via rabbits' ear vein : 0.10 ㎎/㎏ (Group A) or 0.50 ㎎/㎏ (Group B). Blood samples were taken at postendotoxemic 3, 6, 12 and 24 hrs and were analyzed for detections of the levels of blood electrolytes such as Ca??, Mg??, Na?, K? and Cl?. As compared to control group, in endotoxin-treated rabbits Ca?? levels elevated at 6 hrs but decreased at 24 hrs, Mg?? levels were high at 3, 6 and 12 hrs, Na? and K? levels increased at all sampling times and Cl? levels rose at 3, 12 and 24 hrs (p＜0.05). Interestingly, endotoxic rabbits having hypermagnesemia (about 4.0 ㎎/dL) showed severe syndromes such as increased secretion, shock, tachypnea, seizure and/or diarrhea, suggesting that these may be clinical signs of imminent death in rabbits. These observations testify that bacterial endotoxin leads to dyshomeostasis of blood electrolytes and the physiological imbalances may cause fatal disorders and subsequent death.