gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Association of free radicals and the tissue renin-angiotensin system: prospective effects of Rhodiola, a genus of Chinese herb, on hypoxia-induced pancreatic injury. (2001)

The renin-angiotensin system has long been recognized as crucial factor in the regulation of the systemic blood pressure and renal electrolyte homeostasis. Numerous studies have demonstrated the presence of a local renin-angiotensin system in a variety of organs. A recent study of the pancreatic renin-angiotensin system showed that chronic hypoxia significantly increased the mRNA expression for angiotensinogen II receptor subtypes AT1b and AT2. The activation of the renin-angiotensin system may play an important role in cellular pathophysiological processes. Angiotensin II enhances the formation of reactive oxygen species via the activation of xanthine oxidase or NAD(P)H oxidase. The reactive oxygen species can cause oxidative damage in the pancreas and other tissues either directly or indirectly via the formation of other radicals such as reactive nitrogen species. Rhodiola therapy may protect hypoxia-induced pancreatic injury in two ways. It prevents hypoxia-induced biological changes by increasing intracellular oxygen diffusion and efficiency of oxygen utilization. Alternatively, it reduces hypoxia-induced oxidative damage by its antioxidant activities. Additional experimental data are required to fully elucidate the mode of action of this herbal drug.
Collaborating over Physical and Electronic Tables (2002)

Electronic tables running single display groupware have good potential for enhancing face-to-face collaborations. Our goal is to understand how people collaborate over physical and electronic tables. We articulate the unique collaborative characteristics of tables, and describe our initial observations of people collaborating on a regular table, a table display, and a vertical display.
21st Century Locomotive Technology: 2003 Annual Technical Status Report DOE/AL68284-TSR03 (2004)

The 21st Century Locomotive program objective is to develop 25% more efficient freight locomotives by 2010. Diesel engine-related research addresses advanced fuel injection, electric turbocharger and abradable seals. Assembly of a common rail fuel injection test system is underway, and a CFD combustion model has been validated. An electrically assisted turbocharger has been constructed and operated, meeting the generator mode design rating. System characterization and optimization is ongoing. Candidate abradable seal materials have been identified and test coupons prepared. Locomotive system-related research addresses capturing, storing and utilizing regenerative braking energy in a hybrid locomotive, and fuel optimization control. Hybrid locomotive energy storage requirements have been identified and studies on specific energy storage solutions are in progress. Energy management controls have been defined and testing initiated. Train and track parameter identification necessary for fuel optimization has been demonstrated.
Bactericidal Efficacy of a Personal Water Purification Straw (2000)

Abstract : The straw was designed to provide easy to carry, portable water purification to soldiers in the field. The purification process takes place in a single pass while drinking water through the straw. The purification system incorporates a multistage process consisting of a iodinated (I-5) resin, a one-micron filter and an absorption system used for pH corrections and removal of iodine residual that could affect taste. The straws were evaluated for the removal of Klebsiella terragena bacteria in general non-challenging and challenging test waters at pH 5, 7 and 9 and at 5 degrees centigrade and 25 degrees centigrade, according to EPA guidelines.
Evaluation of Prognostic Factors and Sequential Combination Chemotherapy With Doxorubicin for Canine Lymphoma (1993)

Fifty-five dogs with lymphoma were treated using a doxorubicin-based sequential combination chemotherapy protocol. Complete response, partial response, and no response were seen in 46, 4, and 5 dogs, respectively. The overall median remission duration and survival times were 36 and 51 weeks, respectively. Age, sex, weight, World Health Organization stage, World Health Organization substage (i.e., a = not ill, b = ill), serum calcium concentration, blood urea nitrogen concentration, breed and protocol alteration secondary to toxicity were evaluated for prognostic significance. Univariate analysis of prognostic factors identified sex, World Health Organization substage, and serum calcium as statistically significant (P < or = .05) variables for both survival and remission duration. Upon multivariate analysis, only substage (P = .036) was a significant prognostic factor for remission duration, whereas, both substage (P = .006) and sex (P = .005) were significant prognostic factors for survival.
Protein A-antibody mediated hemagglutination assay for serodiagnosis of amebic liver abscess. (1991)

A successful modification of the indirect hemagglutination test to demonstrate antibodies for serodiagnosis of amebic liver abscess has been described in the present study. In the modified test, the protein A-IMA, Staphylococcus aureus (Cowan's strain I) bearing protein A (SAPA) cells were used to enhance hemagglutination of sensitized red cells. Use of SAPA cells markedly enhanced sensitivity of the test and greatly increased the titers obtained with most of the sera. At a diagnostic antibody titer of 1:128 and above, the protein A-IHA could detect 72 (100%) of amebic liver abscess (ALA) cases. Amongst the controls, no false positive reaction was observed in non-amebic liver disease controls. However 1(2%) of sera demonstrated false positive reactions from healthy controls. The protein A-IHA was highly sensitive when compared with that of the indirect hemagglutination (IHA) for serodiagnosis of amebic liver abscess. The novel immunoassay is simple, inexpensive and requires little technical skill. It has the potential for wide application in serodiagnosis of amebic liver abscess.
Sources of color in soybean “lecithin” (1954)

Summary The color of soybean lecithin is due to carotenoids, brown pigments, and occasionally porphyrins. In the water‐washing of crude oil xanthophylls are preferentially removed with the gums, and carotene is practically absent in lecithin. Lutein is the principal carotenoid, comprising about three‐quarters of the carotenoids in lecithin. Hydrogen peroxide bleaching destroys all the color to some extent, but by far the greater effect is on the carotenoids. The brown color is very likely an aldehyde amine reaction product. It is largely formed by heating of the oil during the solvent‐stripping operation. It is not increased by drying the gums under vacuum for 3 hours at 80°C. but it is increased on heating at 100° C. under the same conditions. The formation of the brown color is not prevented by removal of free sugars or by hydrogenation of the lecithin.
Highly Confined Tunable Mid-Infrared Plasmonics in Graphene Nanoresonators (2013)

Single-layer graphene has been shown to have intriguing prospects as a plasmonic material, as modes having plasmon wavelengths ~20 times smaller than free space (λp ~ λ0/20) have been observed in the 2-6 THz range, and active graphene plasmonic devices operating in that regime have been explored. However there is great interest in understanding the properties of graphene plasmons across the infrared spectrum, especially at energies exceeding the graphene optical phonon energy. We use infrared microscopy to observe the modes of tunable plasmonic graphene nanoresonator arrays as small as 15 nm. We map the wavevector-dependent dispersion relations for graphene plasmons at mid-infrared energies from measurements of resonant frequency changes with nanoresonator width. By tuning resonator width and charge density, we probe graphene plasmons with λp ≤ λ0/100 and plasmon resonances as high as 310 meV (2500 cm(-1)) for 15 nm nanoresonators. Electromagnetic calculations suggest that the confined plasmonic modes have a local density of optical states more than 10(6) larger than free space and thus could strongly increase light-matter interactions at infrared energies.
Supplementary Figures 1-4 from Role of LIM and SH3 Protein 1 (LASP1) in the Metastatic Dissemination of Medulloblastoma (2023)

Supplementary Figures 1-4 from Role of LIM and SH3 Protein 1 (LASP1) in the Metastatic Dissemination of Medulloblastoma
Cell Cycle Modulation in the Response of the Primary Root of Arabidopsis to Salt Stress (2004)

Salt stress inhibits plant growth and development. We investigated the importance of cell cycle regulation in mediating the primary root growth response of Arabidopsis to salt stress. When seedlings were transferred to media with increasing concentrations of NaCl, root growth rate was progressively reduced. At day 3 after transfer of seedlings to growth medium containing 0.5% NaCl the primary roots grew at a constant rate well below that prior to the transfer, whereas those transferred to control medium kept accelerating. Kinematic analysis revealed that the growth reduction of the stressed roots was due to a decrease in cell production and a smaller mature cell length. Surprisingly, average cell cycle duration was not affected. Hence, the reduced cell production was due to a smaller number of dividing cells, i.e. a meristem size reduction. To analyze the mechanism of meristem size adaptation prior to day 3, we investigated the short-term cell cycle events following transfer to saline medium. Directly after transfer cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) activity and CYCB1;2 promoter activity were transiently reduced. Because protein levels of both CDKA;1 and CDKB1;1 were not affected, the temporary inhibition of mitotic activity that allows adaptation to the stress condition is most likely mediated by posttranslational control of CDK activity. Thus, the adaptation to salt stress involves two phases: first, a rapid transient inhibition of the cell cycle that results in fewer cells remaining in the meristem. When the meristem reaches the appropriate size for the given conditions, cell cycle duration returns to its default.
A Portable and Programmable Iontophoresis Device for Transdermal Drug Delivery and Transdermal Extraction (2006)

Iontophoresis for transdermal drug delivery or for non-invasive monitoring of patients could allow a new generation of medical devices to be developed for low-cost healthcare. The existing iontophoresis systems today are bulky, expensive or non-programmable. Therefore, a miniature, low-cost and programmable device was developed and evaluated. A circuit is described herein which provides a variety of waveforms (DC, pulsed DC, bipolar DC and pulsed bipolar DC) of current for iontophoresis. Evaluation showed that this device provides for precise regulation of the magnitude and waveform of a current over a wide range of impedance, important for in vivo use. A digital meter is included which allows continuous monitoring of current
ChemInform Abstract: Effect of an Electric Field on the Growth and Optoelectronic Properties of Quasi‐One‐Dimensional Organic Single Crystals of 1‐( Phenylazo)‐2‐naphthol. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Experimental Investigation of Rotor-Stator Interaction in a Centrifugal Pump With Several Vaned Diffusers (1989)

This paper describes an experimental investigation of rotor–stator interaction in a centrifugal pump with several vaned diffusers. Steady and unsteady diffuser vane pressure measurements were made for a two–dimensional test impeller. Unsteady impeller blade pressure measurements were made for a second two–dimensional impeller with blade number and blade geometry identical to the two–dimensional impeller used for the diffuser vane pressure measurements. The experiments were conducted for different flow coefficients and different radial gaps between the impeller blade trailing edge and the diffuser vane leading edge (5% and 8% of the impeller discharge radius). The largest pressure fluctuations on the diffuser vanes and the impeller blades were found to be of the same order of magnitude as the total pressure rise across the pump. The largest pressure fluctuations on the diffuser vanes were observed to occur on the suction side of the vane near the vane leading edge, whereas on the impeller blades the largest fluctuations were observed to occur at the blade trailing edge. However, the dependence of the fluctuations on the flow coefficient was found to be different for the diffuser vanes and the impeller blades; on the vane suction side, the fluctuations were largest for the maximum flow coefficient and decreased with decreasing flow coefficient, whereas at the blade trailing edge, the fluctuations were smallest for the maximum flow coefficient and increased with decreasing flow coefficient. Increasing the number of the diffuser vanes resulted in a significant decrease of the impeller blade pressure fluctuations. The resulting lift on the diffuser vanes was computed from the vane pressure measurements; the magnitude of the fluctuating lift was found to be larger than the steady lift.
A Fast Convergent Algorithm for Semi-Blind Equalization (2010)

To overcome the disadvantages that the Constant Modulus Algorithm (CMA) and Modified Constant Modulus Algorithm (MCMA) is of low convergence rate, a fast convergent algorithm for semi-blind equalization is presented. We use the CMA and MCMA to perform channel equalization, and adopt LMS algorithm with decision to compensate CMA and MCMA respectively. Simulations, which are done under linear channel and nonlinear channel respectively, indicate that convergence rate of the new algorithm is four times faster than that of Constant Modulus Algorithm and Modified Constant Modulus Algorithm under linear channel. In case of nonlinear channel, the convergence speed of this new semi-blind equalization algorithm is also four times faster than that of Modified Constant Modulus Algorithm.
The effects of a lengthy period of environmental diversity on well‐fed and previously undernourished rats. II. Synapse‐to‐neuron ratios (1984)

Rats were undernourished from the 16th day of gestation until 25 postnatal days of age and then weaned on to an ad libitum diet. Around 35 days of age, 12 previously undernourished male rats were assigned to an enriched environmental condition (EC) and their littermates to an isolated environmental condition (IC). A parallel set of well-fed rats was similarly assigned. After 80 days in these environmental conditions, all rats were killed by perfusion with 2% phosphate buffered glutaraldehyde. Small pieces of tissue containing the entire depth of the right visual cortex were embedded in Spurr's resin. Semithin (0.5 micron) sections were cut from these blocks and stained with toluidine blue. Photomicrographs of these sections were used to estimate the numerical density of neurons in cortical layers II to III. Ultrathin sections (approximately 70 nm) of the same region of cortex were then prepared for electron microscopy. These were used to estimate the mean synaptic disc diameter and synaptic numerical density. From these estimates of neuronal and synaptic numerical density, synapse-to-neuron ratios were calculated. The results of a two-way analysis of variance test revealed that environment had significant effects on neuronal numerical density, mean synaptic disc diameter, and synapse-to-neuron ratios. Neither nutrition nor its interaction with environment had significant effects on any of the parameters analyzed. These results suggest that environmental diversity can produce alterations in certain neuronal and synaptic characteristics in the visual cortex of both well-fed and previously undernourished rats.
Study of optical clearing of blood by immersion method (2011)

Light scattering in blood caused by refractive index mismatch between erythrocyte cytoplasm and blood plasma leads to a reduction in imaging spatial resolution, imaging depth and contrast of optical imaging techniques. A possible solution to this problem is of the addition of biocompatible clearing agents, such as glucose, fructose, glycerol, dextrans etc. The basic principle of the optical clearing technique is refractive index matching between erythrocyte cytoplasm and blood plasma. Optical clearing, a technique that has been successfully demonstrated with biologic tissue, represents a promising approach to increasing the imaging depth for various techniques, for example optical coherence tomography (OCT). OCT is based on low-coherence interferometry to produce cross-sectional tomographic imaging of the internal microstructure in materials and biological tissues by measuring the echo time delay and magnitude of backscattered light. One of the main advantages of this technique is the ability to investigate turbid and highly scattering media, such as whole blood. To determine the optimal concentration of clearing agents required for blood optical clearing in order to improve light penetration depth for optical coherence tomography, clearing agents such as glucose and fructose, with various concentrations were added to blood and investigated by OCT. Changes in light attenuation and sedimentation and aggregation properties of blood depending on particular agent and its concentration were studied.
On-Line Mapping of In-Field Defects in Image Sensor Arrays (2006)

Continued increase in complexity of digital image sensors means that defects are more likely to develop in the field, but little concrete information is available on in-field defect growth. This paper presents an algorithm to help quantify the problem by identifying defects and potentially tracking defect growth. Building on previous research, this technique is extended to utilize a more realistic defect model suitable for analyzing real-world camera systems. Monte Carlo simulations show that abnormal sensitivity defects are successfully detected by analyzing only 40 typical photographs. Experimentation also indicates that this technique can be applied to imagers with up to 4% defect density, and that noisy images can be diagnosed successfully with only a small reduction in accuracy. Extension to colour imagers has been accomplished through independent analysis of image colour planes
Inheritance of Tomato Late Blight Resistance from 'Richter's Wild Tomato' and Evaluation of Late Blight Resistance Gene Combinations in Adapted Fresh Market Tomato Backgrounds (2003)

Late blight, caused by the oomycete Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, is a destructive disease of tomato worldwide. Originating in the highlands of central Mexico, through migration, mutation, and sexual recombination, this pathogen has proven mobile and highly variable. Three monogenic R genes (Ph-1, Ph-2, and Ph-3) for resistance to late blight have been identified in tomato. However, P. infestans isolates which overcome each of these individual R genes have been documented. The objectives of this research were to characterize the inheritance of late blight resistance in the home garden tomato 'Richter's Wild Tomato', to determine if this resistance is allelic to any of the three previously identified resistance sources, and to evaluate late blight resistance of R gene F1 hybrid combinations relative to individual R genes. 'Richter's Wild Tomato' was crossed with NC215E-1, a late blight susceptible fresh market breeding line, and evaluation of derived BC1F2, BC2F2, and BC3F1 populations indicated single gene inheritance of late blight resistance. Evaluation of an F2 population derived from the cross 'Richter's Wild Tomato' x 'Legend' (Ph-2) indicated that the monogenic resistance conferred by 'Richter's Wild Tomato' was allelic to Ph-2. Combinations of Ph-2, either from 'Richter's Wild Tomato' or 'Legend', and a fresh market line possessing Ph-3 displayed superior resistance versus individual R genes and other R gene combinations in North Carolina field trials under natural inoculation. Combined resistance has the potential to not only provide a superior level of resistance, but to also be more stable over time.
Carbon Quantum Dots (CQDs) Decorated Bi2O3-x Hybrid Photocatalysts with Promising NIR-Light-Driven Photodegradation Activity for AO7 (2019)

In this work, Bi2O3-x with surface oxygen vacancies was prepared through the NaBH4 reduction of Bi2O3. After that, carbon quantum dots (CQDs) were deposited onto the surface of the Bi2O3-x to obtain a series of the CQDs/Bi2O3-x composites. The HRTEM and XPS characterizations of the CQDs/Bi2O3-x composites suggest that the thickness of surface oxygen vacancies could be adjusted by changing the concentration of NaBH4 solution, and the intimate contact between CQDs and the Bi2O3-x is achieved. Acid orange 7 (AO7) was adopted as the target reactant for investigating the photocatalytic degradation activities of the CQDs/Bi2O3-x composites under simulated sunlight and NIR light irradiation. It is found that the photocatalytic activities of the samples are closely related to the concentration of NaBH4 and content of CQDs. The Bi2O3-x samples exhibit enhanced simulated-sunlight-driven photocatalytic activity compared with Bi2O3. Specifically, the optimal degradation efficiency of AO7 is achieved over the 3R-Bi2O3-x (concentration of NaBH4: 3 mmol/L), which is 1.38 times higher than the degradation AO7 efficiency over Bi2O3. After the decoration of the 3R-Bi2O3-x surface with CQDs, the simulated-sunlight-driven photocatalytic activity of the CQDs/Bi2O3-x composite could be further enhanced. Among the samples, the 15C/3R-Bi2O3-x sample reveals the highest photocatalytic activity, leading to an AO7 degradation percentage of ~97% after 60 min irradiation. Different from Bi2O3 and the 3R-Bi2O3-x, the 15C/3R-Bi2O3-x sample also exhibits near-infrared (NIR)-light-driven photocatalytic degradation activity. In addition, the intrinsic photocatalytic activity of CQDs/Bi2O3-x composite was further confirmed by the degradation of phenol under simulated sunlight and NIR light irradiation. The photocurrent response and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements confirm the efficient migration and separation of photogenerated charges in the CQDs/Bi2O3-x samples. The •OH and h+ are proved to be the main reactive species in the simulated sunlight and NIR light photocatalytic processes over the CQDs/Bi2O3-x composites. According to the above experiments, the photocatalytic degradation mechanisms of the CQDs/Bi2O3-x composites under simulated sunlight and NIR light illumination were proposed.
Effect of the Cl/Br Molar Ratio of a CaCl2−CaBr2 Mixture Used as an Ammonia Storage Material (2004)

The behavior of ammonia absorption and desorption was studied for CaCl2−CaBr2 halide mixtures with various molar ratios prepared via the aqueous solution method. The CaCl2−CaBr2 halide mixture was revealed to form solid solutions in any molar contents. Ammonia absorption abruptly increased at some pressure, forming the ammine complex, and the (step) pressures were different for the samples with different molar contents. The step pressure decreased when the Cl/Br ratio was decreased for both absorption and desorption cycles. All samples absorbed ammonia irreversibly, up to two molecules of ammonia coordination. Three samplesCaCl1.33Br0.67, CaClBr, and CaCl0.67Br1.33proved to separate a great deal of ammonia at pressures of 60−10 kPa at 298 K. These samples are promising candidates for ammonia storage material to be used for pressure swing separation in a new ammonia synthesis process. Especially, CaCl1.33Br0.67 treated at 523 K showed the best separation capacity (27.1 mmol/g).