gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Treatment of the adult retina with microglia-suppressing factors retards axotomy-induced neuronal degradation and enhances axonal regeneration in vivo and in vitro (1993)

To monitor the cascade of events initiated by injury of adult neurons, and to explore whether and how neighboring microglial cells contribute to the degradation of lesioned neurons, axotomy-induced ganglion cell degeneration was investigated in adult rats. Suppression of macrophage and microglia activity during the weeks following transection of the optic nerve was performed with the immunoglobulin-derived tripeptide Thr-Lys-Pro, which is a macrophage inhibitory factor (MIF) and retards the activity of cells of monocytic origin. Single or repeated injection of MIF into the vitreous body during and after transection of the optic nerve resulted in significant retardation of axotomy-induced ganglion cell degradation in the retina as detected by specific labeling with the retrogradely transported fluorescent dye 4Di-10ASP. MIF specifically altered the morphology of labeled microglial cells from a ramified to an oval, less ramified shape, indicating that these cells were targets of its activity. Injection of the tetrapeptide macrophage stimulating factor, also known as tuftsin (Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg), revealed effects opposite to those described for the MIF: it increased the number of labeled microglial cells and enhanced the devastating effects of axotomy on ganglion cells. The viability of rescued ganglion cells in retinas treated with the various drugs was assessed both in vivo and in vitro. (1) Intravitreal injection of MIF to prevent degradation of neurons combined with transplantation of autologous peripheral nerve grafts, which facilitate regrowth of the transected neurites, revealed that significantly more ganglion cells contributed to axonal regeneration (17.1%) than in untreated controls (9.5%). (2) Explantation of retinas that were pretreated with MIF in situ revealed higher incidence of axonal outgrowth in organ cultures than untreated control explants or retinas treated with either the basic fibroblast growth factor or brain-derived neurotrophic factor. The present results demonstrate that axotomy initializes a cascade of microglia-mediated autodestructive retinal responses, which culminate in degradation of "sick," but obviously viable neurons. We postulate that the retinal microglial system has a key role in recognizing and eliminating severed neurons.
Acquisition of spread spectrum signals in Rayleigh fading (2003)

We analyze the acquisition of direct-sequence-spread-spectrum signals by an antenna array of M elements in a flat Rayleigh fading environment subject to additive stationary temporally-uncorrelated zero-mean Gaussian interference. The observations are complex baseband sampled signal vectors received at the array elements at discrete time instants. The pseudorandom code is periodic with period K and orthogonal to all its shifted versions. The acquisition process requires estimation of the received code lag from K consecutive M /spl times/ 1 received signal vectors. We find the maximum likelihood estimate of the code lag when the data, which is binary, is constant during the acquisition process. Using the sufficient statistic of the estimate, we analyze the performance of the acquisition system. In the case of independent and identically distributed Rayleigh fading and spatially-white Gaussian interference, we derive a closed-form expression for the probability of correct decision. The bias of the code lag estimate and the mean-square estimation error are also presented.
122-LB: The Simplici-T1 Trial: Glucokinase Activator TTP399 Improves Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes (2020)

Identification of adjunctive, oral pharmacotherapies to treat type 1 diabetes (T1D) has been limited by hypoglycemia and ketoacidosis. TTP399 is a liver-selective oral glucokinase activator. In type 2 diabetes (n=190), TTP399 was shown to reduce A1C vs. placebo (PL) -0.9% (p&amp;lt;0.01) without hypoglycemia or ketosis. The Simplici-T1 trial (NCT03335371) is an adaptive three-part Phase 1b/2 Proof of Concept study of TTP399 as adjunctive therapy for T1D treatment. Safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics were established in a sentinel phase (n=5). In Part 1 (n=19), TTP399 reduced A1C (-0.7%, p=0.03), improved time in range 70-180 mg/dl (TIR; 12%, p=0.04), and reduced bolus insulin vs. PL in patients on insulin pump therapy and continuous glucose monitoring. In Part 2 (n=85), these data were examined in a broader T1D population. Insulin dose was optimized prior to randomization and throughout the 12 wk double-blind treatment period with specified pre- and post-meal targets. Participants received TTP399 800 mg or matched PL. A1C at randomization was 7.6% (SD 0.6). TTP399 significantly reduced A1C (trial product estimand: -0.32%, 95%CI -0.50, -0.13, p&amp;lt;0.01; ITT: -0.20, 95%CI -0.38, -0.02, p=0.03). A responder analysis (improved A1C; without severe hypoglycemia or increase in insulin dose; nor abnormal beta-hydroxybutyrate or lactic acid) revealed 42% TTP399 responders vs. 12% PL (ITT: p&amp;lt;0.01, hierarchically controlled [HC]). Daytime TIR improved (ITT: 7.81%, 95%CI 0.93, 14.68, p&amp;lt;0.05, HC). Treatment-emergent adverse events were numerically lower with TTP399. No safety signals were identified. These data suggest that further development of TTP399 as adjunctive therapy in T1D is warranted. Disclosure J.B. Buse: Consultant; Self; Cirius Therapeutics, CSL Behring, Neurimmune. Research Support; Self; American Diabetes Association, National Institutes of Health, Novo Nordisk A/S, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute, Sanofi, Tolerion, Inc., vTv Therapeutics. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Mellitus Health, Pendulum Therapeutics, PhaseBio Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Stability Health. Other Relationship; Self; ADOCIA, AstraZeneca, Dance Biopharm Holdings, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, MannKind Corporation, NovaTarg Therapeutics, Novo Nordisk A/S, Senseonics, Inc, vTv Therapeutics, Zafgen, Inc. K. Klein: None. J.L. Freeman: Employee; Self; vTv Therapeutics. Stock/Shareholder; Self; vTv Therapeutics. Stock/Shareholder; Spouse/Partner; vTv Therapeutics. I. Dunn: None. C. Valcarce: Employee; Self; vTv Therapeutics. Funding JDRF; vTv Therapeutics; National Institutes of Health (UL1TR002489)
Development of polycystic ovary syndrome: involvement of genetic and environmental factors (2005)

We have recently proposed that polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has its origin in fetal life. This hypothesis is based on data from animal models (rhesus monkey or sheep that have been exposed prenatally to high doses of androgen) and is supported by clinical studies. It is suggested that, in human females, exposure to excess androgen, at any stage from fetal development of the ovary to the onset of puberty, leads to many of the characteristic features of PCOS, including abnormalities of luteinizing hormone secretion and insulin resistance. It is likely that, in humans with PCOS, the development of the PCOS phenotype results primarily from a genetic predisposition for the fetal ovary to hypersecrete androgen. At present, it is unclear whether the maternal environment directly influences the development of PCOS in the offspring. Maternal androgen excess is unlikely to affect the fetus, because the placenta presents an effective barrier, but metabolic disturbances during pregnancy could affect development of the syndrome in the fetus. In postnatal life, the natural history of PCOS can be further modified by factors affecting insulin secretion and/or action, most importantly, nutrition. We now have evidence for a disorder of early follicular development in the polycystic ovary that is consistent with an increased population of primordial follicles in the fetal ovary. It remains to be determined whether this phenomenon is the cause or the effect of increased exposure to androgen within the ovary. PCOS is the commonest endocrine disorder in women. It is not only a very prevalent cause of anovulatory infertility, menstrual disturbances and hirsutism, but it is also a major risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus in later life. The aetiology of the syndrome remains uncertain but there is increasing evidence for a genetic basis. PCOS very often becomes clinically manifest during adolescence with maturation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis but the genesis of the syndrome may be during very early development - perhaps even in utero. In this review, this hypothesis is explored in the light of clinical, biochemical and genetic research.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐ALKYL‐5,5‐DIORGANODIPTYCHOXAZSTANOLIDONES, INTRAMOLECULAR PENTACOORDINATED STANNYL ESTER OF N‐METHYLIMINODIACETIC ACID (1980)

Abstract Die intramolekular pentakoordinierten Stannylester der Methyliminodiessigsäure (IV) werden durch Reaktion von Methyliminodiessigsäure (III) mit Dialkylzinnoxiden (I) bzw. Dialkylzinndimethoxiden (II) erhalten.
Primary localized breast cancer (1989)

As understanding of the natural history of breast cancer has increased, radical mastectomy has given way to a preference for breast-sparing surgery and greater reliance on radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Probably the most important factor for selection of treatment is consultation with a multidisciplinary team skilled in the various procedures and techniques that might be efficacious. The key to successful management is selection of an appropriate course of treatment with which the patient feels comfortable.
Development of in‐wheel receiver coil for dynamic wireless power transfer (2021)

Abstract Short cruise range is one of the major limitations of electric vehicles. To address this problem, dynamic wireless power transfer has been proposed. However, the eddy current loss in foreign matter is one of the greatest disadvantages of dynamic wireless power transfer. Eddy current loss decreases efficiency of wireless power transfer and increases temperature of the foreign matter, which causes burning of the combustible materials around the foreign matter in the worst case. Herein, we propose a wireless power transfer system named in‐wheel coil wherein the magnetic flus in concentrated in the tires and wheels. In addition, we propose suitable materials for the tires and the wheels of the system, to reduce the eddy current loss, are proposed using actual measurement data.
Identification of synchronous machine models using power spectral analysis (1991)

The authors implement the spectral analysis approach on digital computers for the identification of two generator models; namely, the on-line and off-line models, and describe the conditions of the various tests to be performed for the identification purpose. Furthermore, the authors present an experimental set-up to perform the identification of the off-line model. >
Low-dose thalidomide combined vindesine, pirarubicin and dexamethasone in the treatment of elderly multiple myeloma (2010)

Objective To analyze the low-dose thalidomide combined vindesine,pirarubicin and dexamethasone programs programs,treatment of elderly patients with multiple myeloma clinical efficacy and adverse reactions.Methods 12 cases of elderly hospital patients with multiple myeloma,small-dose thalidomide combined vindesine,pirarubicin and dexamethasone in the treatment was conducted after the evaluation of clinical efficacy and adverse drug analysis.Results 12 patients with different types of elderly patients with multiple myeloma after treatment:complete remission,4 cases accounted for 33.3%,partial remission in 5 cases accounted for 41.7%,3 cases accounted for 25.0%,with a total effective rate of 9 cases accounted for 75.0% All patientsexcept a few slight dizziness,fatigue,edema,the liver and kidney function than patients with none of the damage occurred,obviously bone marrow suppression,neuropathy,venous thrombosis and other adverse reactions.Conclusion Low-dose thalidomide combined vindesine,pirarubicin and dexamethasone treatment of multiple myeloma aged better,adverse reactions are mild and easy to tolerate.

Key words: 
Thalidomide;  Vindesine;  pirarubicin;  Dexamethasone;  Elderly multiple myeloma
Electrochemical behavior of β2-agonists at graphite nanosheet modified electrodes (2010)

In this paper, the voltammetric characteristics of several β2-agonists including salbutamol, ractopamine, bamethane, isoxsuprine, ritodrine, fenoterol, terbutaline, metaproterenol, clenbuterol, clenproperol, mabuterol, cimaterol, cimbuterol and brombuterol were comparatively evaluated using graphite nanosheet (GN) modified glassy carbon (GC) electrodes. All the compounds can be oxidized at GN modified electrodes with enhanced peak current and reduced peak potential compared with naked GC electrodes. The electrochemical behaviors of the compounds are different due to different substituent groups on the aromatic rings. For the first time, an ECE process was observed for salbutamol and its analogues. The capability of determining β2-agonists individually or simultaneously from aqueous solution using differential pulse voltammetry and amperometry with the developed electrode was also investigated.
Protection against neonatal respiratory viral infection via maternal treatment during pregnancy with the benign immune training agent OM‐85 (2021)

These results demonstrate that maternal OM-85 treatment protects offspring against lethal neonatal respiratory viral infection by accelerating development of innate immune mechanisms crucial for maintenance of local immune homeostasis in the face of pathogen challenge.
Water‐soluble aldehyde‐bearing polymers of 2‐deoxy‐2‐methacrylamido‐D‐glucose for bone tissue engineering (2008)

Abstract In this study the methods of synthesis of hydrophilic aldehyde‐bearing polymers and copolymers based on 2‐deoxy‐2‐methacrylamido‐ D ‐glucose have been developed. Polymers with controllable aldehyde group content were synthesized via free‐radical polymerization and subsequent polymeranalogous modification. The water‐soluble polymers obtained were investigated in view of their capacity to be adsorbed on two commercial mineral supports used in bone tissue engineering. Besides, cytotoxicity of synthesized polymers was tested. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Discovery and saturation analysis of cancer genes across 21 tumour types (2014)

Abstract Although a few cancer genes are mutated in a high proportion of tumours of a given type (>20%), most are mutated at intermediate frequencies (2–20%). To explore the feasibility of creating a comprehensive catalogue of cancer genes, we analysed somatic point mutations in exome sequences from 4, 742 human cancers and their matched normal-tissue samples across 21 cancer types. We found that large-scale genomic analysis can identify nearly all known cancer genes in these tumour types. Our analysis also identified 33 genes that were not previously known to be significantly mutated in cancer, including genes related to proliferation, apoptosis, genome stability, chromatin regulation, immune evasion, RNA processing and protein homeostasis. Down-sampling analysis indicates that larger sample sizes will reveal many more genes mutated at clinically important frequencies. We estimate that near-saturation may be achieved with 600–5, 000 samples per tumour type, depending on background mutation frequency. The results may help to guide the next stage of cancer genomics.
High Frequencies of Anti-Host Reactive CD8+ T Cells Ignore Non-Hematopoietic Antigen after Bone Marrow Transplantation in a Murine Model (2016)

We found that after BMT anti-host reactive CD8+ T cells ignored host antigen in recipients and that they were only deleted when host antigen was present in hematopoietic cells. Moreover, LPS-induced immune activation contributed to induction of alloreactivity of anti-host reactive CD8+ T cells after BMT.
Massive MIMO with Non-Ideal Arbitrary Arrays: Hardware Scaling Laws and Circuit-Aware Design (2015)

Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems are cellular networks where the base stations (BSs) are equipped with unconventionally many antennas, deployed on co-located or distributed arrays. Huge spatial degrees-of-freedom are achieved by coherent processing over these massive arrays, which provide strong signal gains, resilience to imperfect channel knowledge, and low interference. This comes at the price of more infrastructure; the hardware cost and circuit power consumption scale linearly/affinely with the number of BS antennas N. Hence, the key to cost-efficient deployment of large arrays is low-cost antenna branches with low circuit power, in contrast to today's conventional expensive and power-hungry BS antenna branches. Such low-cost transceivers are prone to hardware imperfections, but it has been conjectured that the huge degrees-of-freedom would bring robustness to such imperfections. We prove this claim for a generalized uplink system with multiplicative phase-drifts, additive distortion noise, and noise amplification. Specifically, we derive closed-form expressions for the user rates and a scaling law that shows how fast the hardware imperfections can increase with N while maintaining high rates. The connection between this scaling law and the power consumption of different transceiver circuits is rigorously exemplified. This reveals that one can make √N the circuit power increase as N, instead of linearly, by careful circuit-aware system design.
Types and Thermal Maturity of Organic Matter Accumulated During Early Cretaceous Subsidence of the Exmouth Plateau, Northwest Australian Margin (1993)

Coring done on the Exmouth Plateau of the northwest Australian margin during Ocean Drilling Program Leg 122 encountered a sequence of organic-carbon-rich Lower Cretaceous siltstones and shales. The types of organic matter contained in these stratigraphic units have been assessed by Rock-Eval pyrolysis, extractable saturated hydrocarbon and biomarker analyses, pyrolysis GC/MS, and carbon isotope analysis. Rock-Eval, pyrolysis GC/MS, and carbon isotope results indicate predominance of continental plant organic matter throughout the sequence. Distributions of the saturated hydrocarbons and the biomarkers, however, reveal a progressively decreasing dominance of land-plant contribution in younger strata. Comparison of stratigraphic sequences, sediment provenances, and organic matter types shows that these undersea strata are thermally immature equivalents of the onshore Neocomian Barrow Formation and Aptian Muderong Shale and represent the distal portions of a subsiding wedge of fluviodeltaic sediments which accumulated on this passive margin during the Early Cretaceous.
Introducing the Child Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 6 (Child SCAT6) (2023)

RATIONALEThe requirement for a child-specific tool that can be used by health care professionals (HCPs) in the management of sport-related concussion (SRC) was recognised by the Concussion in Sport Group (CISG) in 2012 with the introduction of the Child Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 3 (Child SCAT3) for use with children ages 5-12 years. 1 This tool paralleled and complemented the SCAT3, which was developed for use in athletes, ages 13 years and over. 1 The CISG revised the Child SCAT3 following the fifth International Consensus Conference on Concussion in Sport (Berlin 2016), with the release of the Child SCAT5. 2 At that time, the version number (5) was chosen to align the version number with the consensus meeting number, and therefore, there is no Child SCAT4.During 6th International Conference on Concussion in Sport held in Amsterdam in 2022, the CISG reviewed the evidence to implement improvements to the Child SCAT5 and develop the Child SCAT6.
Changes of a2-macroglobulin activity and endothelin-1 concentration in tears of rabbits after transplantation of retinal pigment epithelium cells derived from the induced pluripotent stem cells (2022)

Retinal diseases accompanied with the dysfunction or death of the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells are widespread, hard to treat, and appear to be a leading case of visual loss and blindness among the persons older than 55 years. Transplantation of RPE cells derived from the induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSC-RPE) is a promising method of therapy for these diseases. To ensure the transplant survival instant follow-up is required. It can be based on biochemical analyses of tear fluid that can be easily non-invasively collected. For the post-transplantation process monitoring we have choosen such polyfunctional bioregulators as α2-macroglobulin (α2-MG) and endothelin-1 (ET-1). RPE atrophy in New Zealand Albino rabbits was modeled via the subretinal injection of bevacizumab. IPSC-RPE in suspension or as a monolayer on the scaffold were transplanted subretinally 1 month after the injection. α2-MG activity and ET-1 concentration in tears were estimated during the first month and after 2, 3 and 7 months after transplantation. On the 7-14 days after transplantation α2-MG activity increased in tears of the both operated and controlateral eye probably as a reaction on the corticosteroid therapy. In 50% rabbits there was one more increase after 2-3 months that could be due to the immune inflammation. Concentration of ET-1 in tears decreased dramatically on the 7-14 days and 7 months after transplantation, and it could have an influence upon the retinal vassal tone. The data obtained show that estimation of bioregulators in tears can help monitoring local metabolic processes after RPE transplantation that is necessary for the opportune, reasonable and focused medicamental correction of post-transplantation process.
Proximate parameter tuning for biochemical networks with uncertain kinetic parameters (2007)

It is commonly the case in biochemical modelling that we have knowledge of the qualitative 'structure' of a model and some measurements of the time series of the variables of interest (concentrations and fluxes), but little or no knowledge of the model's parameters. This is, then, a system identification problem, that is commonly addressed by running a model with estimated parameters and assessing how far the model's behaviour is from the 'target' behaviour of the variables, and adjusting parameters iteratively until a good fit is achieved. The issue is that most of these problems are grossly underdetermined, such that many combinations of parameters can be used to fit a given set of variables. We introduce the constraint that the estimated parameters should be within given bounds and as close as possible to stated nominal values. This deterministic 'proximate parameter tuning' algorithm turns out to be exceptionally effective, and we illustrate its utility for models of p38 signalling, of yeast glycolysis and for a benchmark dataset describing the thermal isomerisation of alpha-pinene.
Denial of Service Resistant Intrusion Detection Architecture (2000)

As the capabilities of intrusion detection systems (IDSs) advance, attackers may disable organizations&amp;apos; IDSs before attempting to penetrate more valuable targets. To counter this threat, we present an IDS architecture that is resistant to denial-of-service (DOS) attacks. The architecture frustrates attackers by making IDS components invisible to attackers&amp;apos; normal means of &amp;quot;seeing&amp;quot; in a network. Upon a successful attack, the architecture allows IDS components to relocate from attacked hosts to operational hosts thereby mitigating the attack. These capabilities are obtained by using mobile agent technology, utilizing network topology features, and by restricting the communication allowed between different types of IDS components.