gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Non-Darcy Natural Convection in a Saturated Horizontal Porous Annulus (1988)

A computational study of free convective flow and heat transfer in a saturated porous horizontal annulus is reported. Both isothermal and constant heat flux boundary conditions have been considered on the inner walls while the outer wall is held at a constant temperature. The calculation of the flow field involves consideration of non-Darcy effects, such as inertial and viscous forces, and also the variation of porosity near the walls. While the literature shows that Darcy flow model is inadequate in predicting average Nusselt numbers, the present study examines whether non-Darcy effects, and in particular the presence of the boundary, could play a significant role in explaining this discrepancy. Average Nusselt numbers have been obtained for Rayleigh–Darcy numbers from 20 to 4000 for the case of isothermal boundaries, and 20 to 20,000 for the case of constant heat flux on the inner wall. Radius ratio has been varied from 1.1 to 3. Over this range of parameters, inertia and viscous friction in the fluid phase have been found to produce a small effect on the Darcy flow. The effect of including variable porosity near a boundary is seen to produce channeling near the wall which in turn substantially increases the heat transfer coefficient.
Coupled Vibration Analysis of CFRP Cable-tube System under Parametric Excitation in Submerged Floating Tunnel (2016)

Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) has advantages of light weight, great strength, considerable flexibility and resistance to corrosion and fatigue. In this paper, the submerged floating tunnel (SFT) with CFRP cable is proposed. The coupled vibration model of CFRP cable-tube system is established and the dynamic response is comprehensively analyzed under parametric excitation. The numerical examples are given to solve motion differential equation by using the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. The results show that SFT with CFRP cable is more easily oscillation at free vibration, but the amplitude of displacement response for cable is decreased sharply when considering the water and materials damping of the system. Besides, SFT with CFRP cables has much smaller range of resonance frequency ratio than that with steel cables.
Residual Stress Prediction in Dissimilar Metal Weld Pipe Joints Using the Finite Element Method (2005)

Dissimilar metal welds are commonly found in the primary piping of pressurized water nuclear reactor power plants. The safety assessment practice for such welds requires residual stresses to be taken into consideration. In the present paper the finite element method is utilized for the simulation of the welding process and prediction of the residual stress field in a dissimilar metal weld pipe joint. Although it is common practice to develop in-house finite element codes for weld simulation, the ANSYS commercial finite element code is selected. This is mainly due to the fact that industry focuses on commercial software, since residual stress analysis procedures based on them can be readily transferred to industrial applications. A simplified 2-D axi-symmetric model, in which residual stresses are produced due to the thermo-mechanical properties mismatch during cooling of the weld, is compared with a detailed model in which the complete multi-pass welding procedure is simulated. The latter incorporates the “birth &amp; death of elements” technique, temperature dependant material properties and kinematic hardening material behavior. The aim of this comparison is to establish the degree of model detail and complexity, necessary to obtain satisfactory results and consequently to define a golden rule between computational cost and practically accurate predictions. Identifying the specific simulation parameters and variables, that have the highest impact on the accuracy of the computed results, is also important. It is concluded that, a bead-by-bead or lump-by-lump detailed simulation is necessary in order to obtain reasonably accurate residual stresses that cannot be predicted by a simplified model. A general conclusion is that the proposed method, being simple in implementation and cost effective concerning model complexity and analysis time, is a potential weld residual stress prediction tool.
Temperature effects in mass spectrometry. Estimation of thermal energies of organic molecules (1991)

Abstract Thermal energies of gaseous organic molecules, relevant to unimolecular dissociations of odd‐ and even‐electron ions, are estimated by ab initio /RRHO and empirical calculations. Thermal energies can be estimated with good accuracy by integration of molar heat capacities obtained from quadratic least‐squares fits. Thermal energies in gaseous n ‐alkanes, alkanols, cholesterol, polyethylene glycols and oligopeptides are calculated and compared with estimates based on the equipartition principle.
Expression of extracellular superoxide dismutase by human cell lines (1990)

Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) is the major SOD isoenzyme in extracellular fluids, but occurs also in tissues. The sites and characteristics of the synthesis of the enzyme are unknown. The occurrence of EC-SOD in cultures of a large panel of human cell lines was assayed by means of an e.l.i.s.a. Unlike the situation for the intracellular isoenzymes CuZn-SOD and Mn-SOD, expression of EC-SOD occurs in only a few cell types. None of the ten investigated suspension-growing cell lines produced EC-SOD. Among normal diploid anchorage-dependent cell lines, expression was found in all 25 investigated fibroblast cell lines, in the two glia-cell lines, but not in six endothelial-cell lines, two epithelial-cell lines or in two amnion-derived lines. Among neoplastic anchorage-dependent cell lines expression was found in 13 out of 29. EC-SOD was secreted into the culture medium by cell lines expressing the enzyme. The rate of EC-SOD synthesis varied by nearly 100-fold among the fibroblast lines and remained essentially constant in the individual lines during long-term culture. In the nine investigated cases, the secreted EC-SOD was of the high-heparin-affinity C type. It is suggested that tissue EC-SOD is secreted by a few well-dispersed cell types, such as fibroblasts and glia cells, to diffuse subsequently around and reversibly bind to heparan sulphate proteoglycan ligands in the glycocalyx of the surface of most tissue cell types and in the interstitial matrix.
Ge Related-Defect Energy and Microcavity Effect in GaN Epitaxial Layer (1998)

Using solid-phase regrowth technique, Pd/Ge contact has been made on the GaN layer, and very good ohmic behavior was observed for the contact. The Photoluminescence (PL) spectra for different structures formed by the Pd/Ge contact, GaN layer, sapphire substrate, and mirror were studied, and a defect-assisted transition was found at 450 nm related to Ge impurity. The results show that the microcavity effect strongly influences the PL spectra of the band-gap and defect-assisted transitions.
Hands-Free System for Bronchoscopy Planning and Guidance (2015)

Bronchoscopy is a commonly used minimally invasive procedure for lung-cancer staging. In standard practice, however, physicians differ greatly in their levels of performance. To address this concern, image-guided intervention (IGI) systems have been devised to improve procedure success. Current IGI bronchoscopy systems based on virtual bronchoscopic navigation (VBN), however, require involvement from the attending technician. This lessens physician control and hinders the overall acceptance of such systems. We propose a hands-free VBN system for planning and guiding bronchoscopy. The system introduces two major contributions. First, it incorporates a new procedure-planning method that automatically computes airway navigation plans conforming to the physician's bronchoscopy training and manual dexterity. Second, it incorporates a guidance strategy for bronchoscope navigation that enables user-friendly system control via a foot switch, coupled with a novel position-verification mechanism. Phantom studies verified that the system enables smooth operation under physician control, while also enabling faster navigation than an existing technician-assisted VBN system. In a clinical human study, we noted a 97% bronchoscopy navigation success rate, in line with existing VBN systems, and a mean guidance time per diagnostic site = 52 s. This represents a guidance time often nearly 3 min faster per diagnostic site than guidance times reported for other technician-assisted VBN systems. Finally, an ergonomic study further asserts the system's acceptability to the physician and long-term potential.
FAM83A is a potential biomarker for breast cancer initiation (2022)

This study shows that FAM83A promotes metabolic activation in primary breast epithelial cells and cell proliferation in both primary and immortalized cells. These findings support its role in early breast oncogenesis.
Neuroimaging technologies (2020)

Abstract The brain is a highly complex system that is inaccessible to biopsy, which puts human brain imaging at the heart of our attempts to understand psychiatric disorders. Imaging has the potential to uncover the pathophysiology, provide biomarkers for use in the development and monitoring of treatments, and stratify patients for studies and trials. This chapter introduces the three main brain imaging technologies that are used to assay brain structure and function: magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), molecular imaging positron emission tomography (PET), and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT); electrophysiology [electroencephoaography (EEG)]; and magnetoencephalograpy (MEG). The chapter outlines the principles behind their use and the nature of the information that can be extracted. Together, these brain imaging methods can provide complementary windows into the living brain as an increasingly essential suite of tools for experimental medicine in psychiatry.
Diamond growth rates and physical properties of laboratory-made diamond (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDiamond growth rates and physical properties of laboratory-made diamondH. M. Strong and R. M. ChrenkoCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1971, 75, 12, 1838–1843Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100681a014https://doi.org/10.1021/j100681a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1352Altmetric-Citations239LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Synergistic Effect in Green Extraction of Noble Metals and Its Consequences (2017)

Extraction of silver into water occurs from its apparently inert metal surface by the simple carbohydrate glucose. Here we show that there are large synergistic effects in the extraction process, which results in ca. 45 times larger leaching with specific molecules, when used along with glucose. While glucose (1 g) alone can extract ca. 650 ppb of silver from the metal, 60 mg of it extracts ca. 30000 ppb in a combination with 200 mg of glutathione (GSH) under similar experimental conditions of 70 °C and an extraction time of 7 d, in deionized (DI) water (200 mL). This enhancement is similar when glucose is replaced with cyclodextrin (CD). This enhanced concentration of silver in solution enables the formation of the silver clusters protected with glutathione and cyclodextrin, Ag 20 (SG) 15 CD 3– , in the presence of a reducing agent. A similar extraction for copper leads to excessive leaching, and typical concentrations are even higher than the solubility limit of the copper–glutathione complex. As a result, these complexes are precipitated. This synergistic extraction is observed for zinc and stainless steel as well. Enhanced extraction is a result of the formation of complexes of metals with glutathione and the consequent leaching of the complex into solution as well as the stabilization of the complex by inclusion complexation with cyclodextrin. Enhanced leaching in the presence of glucose is mostly due to simultaneous complexation with glucose as well as glutathione. The science presented may be used for the green extraction of different metals and could be a new potential top‐down approach for metal cluster synthesis. This may also be useful for green and sustained leaching of minerals into water to regulate its quality.
Minerals and Energy: Diverse Outlook for Prices (2003)

World consumption of all the major minerals and energy commodities is forecast to increase in 2004, supported by higher growth in global industrial activity. Despite this, price prospects across the range of minerals and energy commodities are significantly divergent because of markedly different outlooks for supply. The value of Australian exports of minerals and energy commodities is forecast to fall in 2003-04, with the positive impact on export earnings of increases in volumes shipped and higher world prices for most products being more than offset by the negative effect of a stronger Australian dollar.
Being Oneself and Being There (1990)

The premise of this article is that the inability to be emotionally present in the psychotherapeutic interview is a problem for both therapist and client. The disruptive effects of anxiety as it influences levels of communication are illustrated. The path to mutual intimacy and trust is hindered bv therapists' objectification. The unification of opposites (i.e., togetherness and apartness) via access to the conscious and unconscious is the challenge faced by the artist and the therapist.
Non-toxic liquid metal microstrip resonators (2009)

In this paper, we report for the first time the design and fabrication of non-toxic liquid metal (Galinstan) half-wavelength (¿ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g</sub> /2) microstrip resonator. Patterning techniques of Galinstan microstrip resonators are presented. Resonators of different lengths are measured to cover a frequency range of 3-20 GHz. We have characterized the conductivity of Galinstan by matching the measured quality factor with finite element model of the resonators. The conductivity of Galinstan is found to be 3.83 ± 0.16 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> S/m. The liquid metal holds great promises as a low contact resistance, highly reliable, high temperature tolerant material. This work will benefit future implementations of Galinstan based RF/Microwave reconfigurable devices and systems with high reliability.
Analysis of an Ultrasonic Piezoelectric Motor Using Numerical Modeling (1993)

Ultrasonic motors use a frictional force, produced by high frequency vibrations created by the piezoelectric effect of the stator, to drive the rotor. These devices have been widely stud ied, especially in Japan. A stator of a piezoelectric ultrasonic rotating motor, which uses Lamb waves vibrations, has been modeled using the finite element code ATILA. It takes into account three-dimensional piezoelectric effects and electrical excitations. ATILA permits the computation of the resonance frequency and the effective coupling coefficient of each vibrational mode, the electrical impedance and the elliptical displacement field. The governing electromechanical coupling has been determined. Con sequently, the selection of active material and stator geometry may be optimized to provide an improved transduction efficiency.
A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial Evaluating the Effect of Nystatin on the Development of Oral Irritation in Patients Receiving High-Dose Intravenous Interleukin-2 (2001)

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) has been used to treat patients with metastatic melanoma and renal cell cancer for nearly two decades, and much progress has been made in ameliorating its adverse effects. One bothersome adverse effect, oral pain or oral irritation, is usually treated with an oral antifungal antibiotic, nystatin. The authors performed a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving 64 patients to evaluate the effect of prophylactic administration of nystatin or placebo on the development of oral irritation in patients receiving high-dose intravenous IL-2. No difference was found between patients randomized to receive nystatin or placebo in their rates of development of oral irritation, the severity of IL-2 adverse effects, the duration of their treatment, the rate of development of positive studies for oral yeast, or their pattern of experiencing other adverse effects. Thus, patients who receive high-dose intravenous IL-2 should not be treated prophylactically with nystatin to prevent oral irritation, and clinicians should seek evidence of the presence of oral thrush before using antifungal agents to treat oral pain in these patients.
Solidification of mol ten liquids in laminar flow in a tube (1989)

The literature on the solidification of molten liquids in tubes with laminar fluid flow has been reviewed. Finite element computations of the crust profile and pressure drop for a steady state solidification problem in tubular geometry with laminar flow and constant tube wall temperature have been carried out. Results are compared with existing analytical solutions .. The important industrial conditions for the onset of flow blockage have been obtained from the shape of the pressure versus flowrate curves.
The Design of High Speed Soft Handoff on the CDMA Mobile Communication System (2008)

In this paper, a brief introduction to SCH of CDMA system is provided.Then the paper account for Soft Handoff of High Speed Packet Data and the method.On the base of above account, this paper give the flow of High Speed Packet Data's Soft Handoff.
Mechanisms of Glomerular Albumin Filtration and Tubular Reabsorption (2012)

Albumin is filtered through the glomerulus with a sieving coefficient of 0.00062, which results in approximately 3.3 g of albumin filtered daily in human kidneys. The proximal convoluted tubule reabsorbs 71%, the loop of Henle and distal tubule 23%, and collecting duct 3% of the glomerular filtered albumin, thus indicating that the kidney plays an important role in protein metabolism. Dysfunction of albumin reabsorption in the proximal tubules, due to reduced megalin expression, may explain the microalbuminuria in early-stage diabetes. Meanwhile, massive nonselective proteinuria is ascribed to various disorders of the glomerular filtration barrier, including podocyte detachment, glomerular basement membrane rupture, and slit diaphragm dysfunction in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, membranous nephropathy, and other glomerulonephritis. Selective albuminuria associated with foot process effacement and tight junction-like slit alteration is observed in the patients with minimal-change nephrotic syndrome, and the albumin uptake is enhanced in the podocyte cell body, possibly mediated by albumin receptors in the low-dose puromycin model. The role of enhanced podocyte albumin transport needs to be investigated to elucidate the mechanism of the selective albuminuria in minimal-change disease.
Scan to Nonscan Conversion via Test Cube Analysis (2013)

Increasing complexity of integrated circuits has forced the industry to abandon partial scan, which necessitates a computationally demanding and unaffordable sequential automatic test pattern generation (ATPG), and to instead adopt full scan, despite its costs. In this paper, we propose a partial scan scheme driven by a computationally efficient test cube analysis. We tackle the challenges associated with the identification of the conditions to restore the controllability and observability compromised due to partial scan, and with the formulation of these conditions in terms of test cube operations. Upon the identification of a maximal-sized set of scan flip-flops that are converted to nonscan, a simple postprocessing of the test cubes helps compute the values to be loaded into the scan flip-flops, eliminating the need to rerun ATPG, while at the same time ensuring the quality of full scan. We further enhance this framework through techniques that process the test data before and after the application of the proposed test cube analysis-driven partial scan technique, in order to enlarge the size of the nonscan flip-flop set. The proposed scheme combines the simplicity of the conventional ATPG flow with the area, performance, test time, and test power reduction benefits of partial scan. The proposed test cube analysis-driven partial scan scheme is orthogonal and thus fully compatible with other test cost-reduction techniques, such as test data compression and test power reduction, which can be applied in conjunction.
Circulating Interleukin-6 Level, Dietary Antioxidant Capacity, and Risk of Colorectal Cancer (2019)

Chronic inflammation is one of the causes of colorectal cancer (CRC), and circulating levels of inflammatory biomarkers have been linked to tumor promotion and progression. We aimed to evaluate the interleukin-6 (IL-6) level in CRC patients and determine whether a diet rich in antioxidants was associated with CRC. This study included 654 cases and 1312 controls matched for age and sex. We measured the plasma IL-6 concentration and estimated dietary antioxidant capacity based on oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) combined with a 106-item semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. The IL-6 concentration was significantly increased in individuals with CRC (OR <sub>Q4 vs. Q1</sub>, 95% CI = 6.23, 4.10-9.45, <i>p</i> < 0.001). High dietary ORAC showed an inverse association with CRC (total ORAC OR <sub>Q4 vs. Q1</sub>, 95% CI = 0.26, 0.16-0.40, <i>p</i> < 0.001; total phenolics = 0.32, 0.21-0.50, <i>p</i> < 0.001). We found that low dietary ORAC was associated with a significant increase in CRC in the group with elevated IL-6 levels (total ORAC OR <sub>Q4 vs. Q1</sub>, 95% CI = 4.34, 3.12-6.02, <i>p</i> < 0.001; total phenolics = 4.61, 3.33-6.39, <i>p</i> < 0.001). This study suggested an inverse association between dietary antioxidant capacity and IL-6 level among patients with CRC.