gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
IFN-γ induces a p91/Stat1 α-related transcription factor with distinct activation and binding properties (1995)

The 5' flanking region of the mig gene, a member of the chemokine family of small m.w. chemoattractant and growth regulatory factors, contains an IFN-gamma-responsive enhancer, gamma RE-1, consisting of an extended imperfect palindrome. In this report we show that a novel factor, gamma RF-1, which binds to the gamma RE-1 element, is rapidly activated in a variety of primary cell types and tumor cell lines treated with IFN-gamma. Our data indicate that gamma RF-1 is present in a latent form in unstimulated cells and its DNA-binding activity is dependent upon tyrosine phosphorylation. UV cross-linking studies revealed that gamma RF-1 consists of at least two proteins of approximately 95 and 130 kDa, which interact with the gamma RE-1 element. A comparison of gamma RF-1 and GAF, an IFN-gamma-activated transcription factor containing the p91/Stat1 alpha protein (Stat, signal transducer and activator of transcription), showed that these two factors exhibited differences in electrophoretic mobility, responsiveness to IFN-alpha, and kinetics of activation. Using anti-Stat Ab, however, we found that one or more subunits of gamma RF-1 are antigenically related to p91/Stat1 alpha. Our results indicate, therefore, that gamma RF-1 and GAF are distinct IFN-gamma-responsive transcription factors and probably contain closely related members of the Stat protein family.
Antianxiety and antidepressant‐like effects of AC‐5216, a novel mitochondrial benzodiazepine receptor ligand (2004)

We investigated the ability of N-benzyl-N-ethyl-2-(7,8-dihydro-7-methyl-8-oxo-2-phenyl-9H-purin-9-yl)acetamide (AC-5216), a novel mitochondrial benzodiazepine receptor (MBR) ligand, to produce anti-anxiety and antidepressant-like effects in various animal models. AC-5216 showed high affinity for MBRs prepared from rat whole brain (Ki 0.297 nm), rat glioma cells (IC50 3.04 nm) and human glioma cells (IC50 2.73 nm), but only negligible affinity for the other main receptors including central benzodiazepine receptors. AC-5216 produced anti-anxiety effects in the Vogel-type conflict test in rats, and in the light/dark box and social interaction tests in mice at 0.1-3, 0.003-0.01 and 0.01-0.3 mg kg(-1), p.o., respectively. These effects of AC-5216 were antagonized by PK11195, an MBR antagonist. In the forced swimming test in rats, AC-5216 (3-30 mg kg(-1), p.o.) reduced the immobility time, and this effect was blocked by PK11195. AC-5216 had no myorelaxant effects, did not affect the memory or prolong hexobarbitone-induced sleep in mice, even at doses as high as 1000 mg kg(-1), p.o. Although it did slightly prolong the ethanol-induced sleep time at 1000 mg kg(-1), AC-5216 (1-100 mg kg(-1), p.o.) produced no distinct change in the rat electroencephalogram. These results indicate that AC-5216 produces anti-anxiety and antidepressant-like effects that are mediated by MBR, but does not cause the side effects normally associated with conventional benzodiazepines. Hence, AC-5216 shows potential for the treatment of stress-related disorders including anxiety and depression.
Evaluating high‐performance computers (2005)

Abstract Comparisons of high‐performance computers based on their peak floating point performance are common but seldom useful when comparing performance on real workloads. Factors that influence sustained performance extend beyond a system's floating‐point units, and real applications exercise machines in complex and diverse ways. Even when it is possible to compare systems based on their performance, other considerations affect which machine is best for a given organization. These include the cost, the facilities requirements (power, floorspace, etc.), the programming model, the existing code base, and so on. This paper describes some of the important measures for evaluating high‐performance computers. We present data for many of these metrics based on our experience at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), and we compare them with published information on the Earth Simulator. We argue that evaluating systems involves far more than comparing benchmarks and acquisition costs. We show that evaluating systems often involves complex choices among a variety of factors that influence the value of a supercomputer to an organization, and that the high‐end computing community should view cost/performance comparisons of different architectures with skepticism. Published in 2005 by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Stimulated Emission at Blue-Green (480 nm) and Green (514 nm) Wavelengths from Nonpolar (m-plane) and Semipolar (11\bar22) InGaN Multiple Quantum Well Laser Diode Structures (2008)

Stimulated emission (SE) in the blue-green (480 nm) and green (514 nm) regime has been observed, at room temperature (RT) under optical pumping, from nonpolar m-plane (1010) and semipolar (1122) InGaN multi-quantum well (MQW) laser diode (LD) structures, respectively, grown on bulk GaN substrates. The emission intensity exhibited a clear threshold behavior with respect to the pump power. Optical anisotropy was also observed between the two perpendicular in-plane directions [1123] and [1010] for semipolar LD structures, with significantly lower pump thresholds for emission along [1123]. The SE wavelength, measured just above threshold, was blue-shifted with respect to the spontaneous emission wavelength measured just below threshold. These initial results indicate that semipolar (1122) GaN is a promising orientation for the realization of blue-green and green LDs.
Network constrained clustering for gene microarray data (2006)

Many bioinformatics problems can be tackled from a fresh angle offered by the network perspective. Directly inspired by metabolic network structural studies, we propose an improved gene clustering approach for inferring gene signaling pathways. Based on the construction of co-expression networks that consists of both significantly linear and nonlinear gene associations together with controlled biological and statistical significance, we can make accurate discovery of many transitively coexpressed genes and similarly coexpressed genes. Our approach tends to group functionally related genes into a tight cluster. We illustrate our approach and compare it to the traditional clustering approaches on a retinal gene expression dataset. The clustering method has been implemented in an R package "GeneNT" that is freely available from: http://www-personal.umich.edu//sup /spl sim//zhud/gene nt.htm/.
Systematic Bias in Genomic Classification Due to Contaminating Non-neoplastic Tissue in Breast Tumor Samples (2019)

Abstract Background Genomic tests are available to predict breast cancer recurrence and to guide clinical decision making. These predictors provide recurrence risk scores along with a measure of uncertainty, usually a confidence interval. The confidence interval conveys random error and not systematic bias. Standard tumor sampling methods make this problematic, as it is common to have a substantial proportion (typically 30-50%) of a tumor sample comprised of histologically benign tissue. This "normal" tissue could represent a source of non-random error or systematic bias in genomic classification. Methods To assess the performance characteristics of genomic classification to systematic error from normal contamination, we collected 55 tumor samples and paired tumor-adjacent normal tissue. Using genomic signatures from the tumor and paired normal, we evaluated how increasing normal contamination altered recurrence risk scores for various genomic predictors. Results Simulations of normal tissue contamination caused misclassification of tumors in all predictors evaluated, but different breast cancer predictors showed different types of vulnerability to normal tissue bias. While two predictors had unpredictable direction of bias (either higher or lower risk of relapse resulted from normal contamination), one signature showed predictable direction of normal tissue effects. Due to this predictable direction of effect, this signature (the PAM50) was adjusted for normal tissue contamination and these corrections improved sensitivity and negative predictive value. For all three assays quality control standards and/or appropriate bias adjustment strategies can be used to improve assay reliability. Conclusions Normal tissue sampled concurrently with tumor is an important source of bias in breast genomic predictors. All genomic predictors show some sensitivity to normal tissue contamination and ideal strategies for mitigating this bias vary depending upon the particular genes and computational methods used in the predictor.
Study on Interconnecting Operation Control of Electronic Frequency Converters for Shinkansen Realizing the Replacement of Rotary Frequency Changers (2022)

Since the 1960's, rotary frequency changers (RFCs) have been used as frequency converters applied to AC power supplies of high-speed railways, and they still play a major role today. On the other hand, electronic frequency converters (EFCs), which have advantages compared to RFCs in terms of maintenance cost and energy saving, have been introduced, and we have been working toward increasing the installation ratio of EFCs. As a result of the progress, we have reached a stage where we need to reduce the number of frequency conversion substations (FC-SSs) that require RFCs in order to further increase the installation ratio of EFCs. Under this situation, we studied a new interconnection control technology to realize the interconnection operation with the existing remote power supply systems to replace all RFCs with EFCs at the Nishisagami FC-SS of the Tokaido Shinkansen. In this paper, we present a new control block diagram for the fixed power factor output method voltage control with reference voltage command value adjustment for EFCs, which can prevent overload of a power supply system placed apart while maintaining stable voltage when EFCs are interconnected to distant power supplies.
Critical Congenital Heart Disease-Utility of Routine Screening for Chromosomal and Other Extracardiac Malformations (2011)

Objective. Infants with critical congenital heart disease (CHD) can have genetic and other extracardiac malformations, which add to the short- and long-term risk of morbidity and perhaps mortality. We sought to examine our center's practice of screening for extracardiac anomalies and to determine the yield of these tests among specific cardiac diagnostic categories. Design. Retrospective review of infants admitted to the cardiac intensive care unit with a new diagnosis of CHD. Subjects were categorized into six groups: septal defects (SD), conotruncal defects (CTD), single-ventricle physiology (SV), left-sided obstructive lesions (LSO), right-sided obstructive lesions (RSO), and "other" (anomalous pulmonary venous return, Ebstein's anomaly). Screening modalities included genetic testing (karyotype and fluorescent in situ hybridization for 22q11.2 deletion), renal ultrasound (RUS), and head ultrasound (HUS). Results. One hundred forty-one patients were identified. The incidence of cardiac anomalies was: CTD (36%), SD (18%), SV (18%), LSO (14%), RSO (3%), and "other" (8%). Overall 14% had an abnormal karyotype, 5% had a deletion for 22q11.2, 28% had an abnormal RUS and 22% had abnormal HUS. Patients in SD and SV had the highest incidence of abnormal karyotype (36% and 17%); 22q11.2 deletion was present only in CTD and LSO groups (9% and 7%, respectively); abnormal RUS and HUS were seen relatively uniformly in all categories. Premature infants had significantly higher incidence of renal 43% vs. 24%, and intracranial abnormalities 46% vs. 16%. Conclusion. Infants with critical CHD and particularly premature infants have high incidence of genetic and other extracardiac anomalies. Universal screening for these abnormalities with ultrasonographic and genetic testing maybe warranted because early detection could impact short and long-term outcomes.
Design and study of enhanced wideband transition between coplanar waveguide and broadside coupled stripline (2013)

Enhanced wideband transition between coplanar waveguide (CPW) and broadside coupled stripline (BCS) with arbitrary characteristic impedance ratio is developed on a basis of an improved tightly coupling, via‐hole‐free structure. The E ‐field of CPW gradually changes to that of BCS within a wide bandwidth with ratio up to 10.4:1. Parametric studies of the transition are carried out and four different back‐to‐back prototypes are simulated, fabricated and measured. It is shown that maximum operation bandwidth from 1.16 to 12.01 GHz for return loss higher than 10 dB and average insertion loss of 1.41 dB can be obtained.
Multi-pass-narrow-gap-laser-beam-welding of hot crack sensitive thick aluminum plates (2013)

Heat treatable aluminium alloys are one of the most important materials for light weight constructions of the modern economy. They combine very high specific strength and excellent corrosion resistance. Furthermore, they are perfectly suitable for forging, extrusion and rolling. That provides a wide range of applications in the field for high-loaded light-weight constructions. However, a large variety of semi-finished products have to be welded in the final construction. Here an important current process limit for laser beam welding is the thickness of the aluminium sheets. Such limitations have been reduced by the availability of multi-kilowatt lasers; however, they could not be fully eradiated. Physical properties of aluminum that cause this are the high heat conductivity, the large heat capacity and the high thermal expansion coefficient. Especially for deep penetration welding the insufficient dilution of filler wire into the root of the weld seam becomes more prevalent with the material thickness. This point causes an increasing risk of hot cracks and weld seam strength under matching. This paper presents the new multi-pass-narrow-gap-laser beam welding technology (MPNG-LBW) for welding sheet metal of substantial wall thicknesses to overcome the mentioned problems. It uses high brightness laser beam sources with multimode or single mode propagation mode (beam parameter product of 0.4 to 2.2 mm mrad). The advantage of these excellent beam qualities is that the laser beam can be perfectly inserted into a weld groove with a high aspect ratio of an average gap size of 2-3 mm, see Figure 1. In this way a multi-pass-welding for sheet thicknesses up to 50 mm can be realized by using low laser power of less than 5 kW. An improved melting of the wire and a good gap bridging capability could be achieved by a beam scanning technique. This provides high process reliability and ensures the homogeneous mixture of the alloying elements with the base material to obtain multi layer weld seams with high strength and without welding defects.
Series-, Parallel-, and Inter-Connection of Solid-State Arbitrary Fractional-Order Capacitors: Theoretical Study and Experimental Verification (2018)

In this paper, general analytical formulas are introduced for the determination of equivalent impedance, magnitude, and phase, i.e., order, for n arbitrary fractional-order capacitors (FoCs) connected in series, parallel, and their interconnection. The approach presented helps to evaluate these relevant quantities in the fractional domain, since the order of each element has a significant effect on the impedance of each FoC and their equivalent capacitance cannot be considered. Three types of solid-state fractional-order passive capacitors of different orders, using ferroelectric polymer and reduced graphene oxide-percolated P(VDF-TrFE-CFE) composite structures, are fabricated and characterized. Using an impedance analyzer, the behavior of the devices was found to be stable in the frequency range 0.2 - 20 MHz, with a phase angle deviation of ±4°. Multiple numerical and experimental case studies are given, in particular for two and three connected FoCs. The fundamental issues of the measurement units of the FoCs connected in series and parallel are derived. A MATLAB open-access source code is given in the Appendix for easy calculation of the equivalent FoC magnitude and phase. The experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical assumptions.
Dynamics of three-axle-one-unit vehicles with self-steering single axle (2008)

This paper proposes a new rail vehicle concept: a ‘three-axles-one-unit’ vehicle, with a self-steering single axle. Usually, a single-axle vehicle requires a short and wide car body, which is a system design of the next generation of railway vehicles. The authors propose a new ‘three-axle-one-unit’ vehicle steering a single-axle truck for the railways. This proposed vehicle uses three trucks and has the standard body length of a conventional train. It has the merit of decreasing elastic-body vibration by using a lightweight car body and by setting a truck in the middle of the car body. This system design can provide high performance with respect to stability, curving performance, and axle load limitation. Analyses were made with multi-body dynamic simulations and the basic characteristics were cleared. Finally, 1/10-scale model was made and tested. The proposed vehicle's potential for high performance was proved from running experiments, including curving.
Upgrading of raw natural gas using high-performance polymer membranes (1993)

The separation of CO{sub 2} and H{sub 2}S from raw natural gas is essential for enhancing the heating value of the gas and for providing environmental safety during nation and use. Membrane separation processes are particularly useful for this application because they are inherently energy-efficient. Membrane processes also offer other important advantages, such as ease of scale-up due to module design, good space and weight efficiency and great flexibility in handling variations in the flow rate, pressure and composition of the raw natural gas streams. In a coordinated effort, the Gas Research Institute and the Department of Energy, Morgantown Energy Technology Center are funding an extensive study at Syracuse University on the relationships between the chemical structure of various polymers and their permeability to different gases. Based on criteria derived from this study, novel fluorine-containing polyimides that exhibit very high C0{sub 2}/CH{sub 4}, selectivities as well as significant H{sub 2}S/CH{sub 4}, selectivities were synthesized. These ``dense`` (homogeneous) membranes separated various mixtures of C0{sub 2}/CH{sub 4}, and H{sub 2}S/CH{sub 4}/CO{sub 2} at 35{degree}C (95{degree}F) and at pressures up to 10 atm (147 psi). The results of these measurements agree well with computer simulations. The C0{sub 2} content of CH{sub 4}/CO{sub 2} mixtures containing as much as 40 mole percent C0{sub 2} can be reduced with the polyamide membranes to pipeline specifications ({le} 2 mole percent C0{sub 2}). To reduce the H{sub 2}S content of H{sub 2}S/CH{sub 4}/CO{sub 2} mixtures to pipeline specifications ({le} 4 ppM H{sub 2}S), the membranes are best combined with conventional gas-absorption processes, such as a selective amine. Such ``hybrid`` processes for the upgrading of natural gas can be more economical than conventional gas-absorption processes alone.
Treatment of cytomegalovirus infections beyond acute disease to improve human health (2014)

Human cytomegalovirus is a common virus that establishes latency and persistence after a primary infection in 50-90% of populations worldwide. In otherwise healthy persons, the infection is generally mild or asymptomatic, although it may cause mononucleosis, prolonged episodes of fever, and hepatitis. However, in AIDS patients and transplant recipients who are immunosuppressed, severe, life-threatening infections may develop. CMV is also the most common congenital infection and may cause birth defects and deafness. Emerging evidence shows a high prevalence of this virus in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases or tumours of different origin, such as breast, colon, and prostate cancer, neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, and glioblastoma. Several drugs are available to treat CMV infections. This review will highlight the possibility of using anti-CMV therapy to improve outcome not only in patients with acute CMV infections but also in patients with inflammatory diseases and cancer.
Flexible Synthesis of Phosphoryl-Substituted Imidazolines, Tetrahydropyrimidines, and Thioamides by Sulfur-Mediated Processes (2019)

The solvent-free sulfur-mediated reactions of phosphinic chlorides with alkyl diamines were developed for the practical synthesis of unknown phosphoryl-substituted 4,5-dihydro-1<i>H</i>-imidazoles, 1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidines, and thioamides. Their good tolerance to functional groups, broad substrate scope, and easy scalability were shown. The chemoselective preparation of a variety of phosphoryl-substituted bis(thioamides) was accomplished via the adjustment of a solvent.
Evidence of magnetization switching by anomalous spin Hall torque in NiFe (2020)

Recently the anomalous Hall effect was predicted as a possible mechanism to produce magnetization-dependent spin current. Here we have applied NiFe/Ru/perpendicular magnetic multilayers and a specific geometry to demonstrate magnetization switching driven by anomalous spin-orbit torque resulting from the bulk anomalous Hall effect. The anomalous spin Hall torque of NiFe is strong enough not only to switch the magnetization of perpendicular Co but also leads to opposite switching chirality compared with the ordinary spin Hall torque. This work confirmed the existence of a strong anomalous spin Hall torque due to anomalous Hall effect, which may lay a foundation to develop spin-orbit torque devices free of heavy metals.
Reaction of azapeptides with chymotrypsin-like enzymes. New inhibitors and active site titrants for chymotrypsin A alpha, subtilisin BPN', subtilisin Carlsberg, and human leukocyte cathepsin G. (1984)

A series of new azapeptide p-nitrophenyl esters containing a variety of P1 aza-amino acid residues have been synthesized, and the reaction of these azapeptides with chymotrypsin A alpha, subtilisin BPN', subtilisin Carlsberg, and human leukocyte cathepsin G at pH 4-7 has been studied. These azapeptides were found to be very useful as active site titrants and inhibitors of serine proteases with chymotrypsin-like specificity. Stable acyl derivatives of serine proteases are formed in the reaction with azapeptides and can be used for future crystallographic investigations. The effects of changing the nature of the P1' leaving group (-ONp, -OPh, -OCH2CF3, -OEt) for these azapeptides was also investigated. N-Acetyl-L-alanyl-L-alanyl-alpha-azanorleucine p-nitrophenyl ester can be used as an active site titrant for human leukocyte cathepsin G and N-acetyl-L-alanyl-alpha-azaphenylalanine p-nitrophenyl ester is a suitable titrant for chymotrypsin A alpha, subtilisins, or cathepsin G.
An innovative two-channel rate and morphology method for complex arrhythmia diagnosis in impiantatile devices (1992)

Impiantatile cardioverter-defìbrillators (ICDs) are highly effective in preventing sudden cardiac death. However, false-positive diagnoses cause inappropriate device shocks estimated to be as high as 40%. To address this problem, the Augmented Two-Channel Arrhythmia Detection [A2CAD] algorithm, a real-time scheme utilizing information from both the atrial and ventricular channels, is introduced. The algorithm uses rate detection as a first stage and augments this with morphological signal analysis in rhythms that confound the rate-only diagnoses. Results from 40 patient cases indicate 100% success rate for A2CAD, validating its potential for implementation in future implantable devices.