gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Common Mode Voltage Elimination in Industrial AC-AC Converters Based on Model Predictive Control (2018)

Common-mode-voltage (CMV) is known for creating bearing currents and electromagnetic interference in industrial drive applications. Additionally, as explained in this paper, in underground earthing environment, CMV has safety implications. To address these problems, the paper performs a comparative evaluation of the two converter options: Matrix Converter (MC) and two-level voltage source inverter (VSI) with Active Front End (AFE). While both topologies transform constant AC input into variable AC output, MC has a weight and size benefit, due to the capacitor downsizing. The paper presents a detailed modelling showing the possibility to completely eliminate CMV in both options. Under the imposed condition of zero CMV, the paper compares performance of the two topologies, with respect to the input and output harmonic distortion and robustness under variable frequency operation. As a control strategy, it implements a Modified Model Predictive Control (MMPC), which allows to significantly reduce the computation time. Based on extensive simulations performed in MATLAB-Simulink environment, the paper makes a recommendation about the most suitable topology for an AC drive in CMV-sensitive underground mining applications. Experimental validation of the paper findings is underway.
Embryonic Stem Cell-Like Features of Testicular Carcinoma in Situ Revealed by Genome-Wide Gene Expression Profiling (2004)

Carcinoma in situ (CIS) is the common precursor of histologically heterogeneous testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs), which in recent decades have markedly increased and now are the most common malignancy of young men. Using genome-wide gene expression profiling, we identified >200 genes highly expressed in testicular CIS, including many never reported in testicular neoplasms. Expression was further verified by semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR and in situ hybridization. Among the highest expressed genes were NANOG and POU5F1, and reverse transcription-PCR revealed possible changes in their stoichiometry on progression into embryonic carcinoma. We compared the CIS expression profile with patterns reported in embryonic stem cells (ESCs), which revealed a substantial overlap that may be as high as 50%. We also demonstrated an over-representation of expressed genes in regions of 17q and 12, reported as unstable in cultured ESCs. The close similarity between CIS and ESCs explains the pluripotency of CIS. Moreover, the findings are consistent with an early prenatal origin of TGCTs and thus suggest that etiologic factors operating in utero are of primary importance for the incidence trends of TGCTs. Finally, some of the highly expressed genes identified in this study are promising candidates for new diagnostic markers for CIS and/or TGCTs.
Differences in durability of PARP inhibition by clinically approved PARP inhibitors: implications for combinations and scheduling (2022)

Abstract Five PARP inhibitors (PARPi) are approved for cancer treatment, they exploit cancer-specific defects in homologous recombination repair (HRR) to selectively kill tumour cells. Continuous PARP inhibition is required for single-agent anticancer activity. PARPi are also being investigated with ATR inhibitors clinically. We previously showed rucaparib caused prolonged PARP inhibition. Here we aimed to determine if this property was unique to rucaparib or common to other PARPis and the implications for scheduling with an ATR inhibitor (VE-821). Durability of PARP inhibition was determined at 0, 1, 24, 48 and 72 h after a 1 h pulse of 1μM of rucaparib, olaparib, niraparib, talazoparib or pamiparib in IGROV-1 (human ovarian cancer) cells. Inhibition of PARP was sustained to a variable degree with all inhibitors, but reduced with time. Rucaparib caused the most persistent inhibition of PARP activity, which was maintained at ≥75% for 72 h after drug withdrawal. In contrast, only 12% inhibition remained at this time with talazoparib and pamiparib and no detectable inhibition with olaparib and niraparib. Rucaparib enhanced VE-821 cytotoxicity to a similar extent in a sequential schedule as in co-exposure studies (PF 50 : 2.6 vs. 2.7) and there was even an approx. 2-fold enhancement after a 24 h delay between rucaparib and VE-821. Olaparib and niraparib produced similar enhancement of VE-821 cytotoxicity if co-exposed but were ineffective in sequential exposures. These data have clinical implications for both schedules of current PARPi monotherapy and the scheduling of PARPi in combination with ATRi and other cytotoxic drugs. Novelty and Impact PARPi are a new class of anticancer agent. We demonstrate for the first time that 5 PARPi continue to suppress cellular PARP activity after drug removal to a variable extent. Rucaparib caused the most durable PARP inhibition, olaparib and niraparib the least. Rucaparib enhanced ATR inhibitor cytotoxicity in sequential and co-exposures, olaparib and niraparib were only active in co-exposure settings. These data have implications for the clinical use of PARPi, particularly in combination with other drugs.
Stellate Clothing Defects with Different Firearms, Projectiles, Ranges, and Fabrics (1998)

Abstract “Stellate” or “cruciform” tears of clothing are conventionally believed due to contact or close-range firearm entrance wounds. However, there are no published studies that actually document and confirm this observation. A Remington Nylon 11 .22-caliber rimfire bolt-action rifle, a Colt Woodsman .22-caliber rim-fire auto-loading pistol, a Winchester Model 94 .30–30 Winchester lever-action rifle, and a Remington Model 870 12-gauge pump-action shotgun were test-fired at tight contact, loose contact, 2 cm, 4 cm, 8 cm, 15 cm, 30 cm, and 6 m ranges, using cotton denim, cotton broadcloth, and cotton jersey as targets. The .22-caliber rifle did not produce stellate tearing in these fabrics at any range. The .22-caliber pistol always produced stellate tears at tight contact and loose contact ranges: non-stellate defects were produced by this pistol at ranges of 2 cm or greater. The .30–30 Winchester rifle produced stellate tears at all contact and close ranges up to and including 8 cm. The 12-gauge shotgun only produced stellate tears at loose contact, but was not tested at all ranges. Stellate defects were not produced by any firearm, in any fabric, at ranges greater than 8 cm. These results are specific to the firearms, ammunition, fabric, and conditions selected, and may not reflect findings in situations involving other firearms, projectiles, ranges, or fabrics.
Hybrid PET/MR Imaging: An Algorithm to Reduce Metal Artifacts from Dental Implants in Dixon-Based Attenuation Map Generation Using a Multiacquisition Variable-Resonance Image Combination Sequence (2014)

The proposed algorithm could improve MR imaging-based attenuation correction in critical areas, when standard attenuation correction is hampered by metal artifacts, using a MAVRIC.
Early-Maturing and Chilling-Tolerant Soybean Lines Derived from Crosses between Japanese and Polish Cultivars (2015)

Early maturity is an important trait for soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] growing in Hokkaido where the growing period is restricted because of the short fall season and early snowfall. Development of an early-maturing line without decreased seed yield is difficult because of the positive correlation between days to maturity and seed yield. In this study, we developed two breeding lines, Tokei 1067 (T1067) and Toiku 251 (T251), that were derived from crosses between Japanese and Polish cultivars. T1067 and T251 had a significantly earlier maturing time than Yukihomare (YH), the standard cultivar in Hokkaido. The seed yield of T251 was similar to that of YH. Moreover, the chilling tolerance levels of the T1067 and T251 lines at the flowering stage were greater than the tolerance level of YH.
Fault and horizon automatic interpretation by CNN: a case study of coalfield (2020)

Abstract A convolutional neural network (CNN) is a powerful tool used for seismic interpretation. It does not require manual intervention and can automatically detect geological structures using the pattern features of the original seismic data. In this study, we presented the development history of seismic interpretation and the application of CNN in seismic exploration. We proposed a set of CNN prediction methods and processes for coalfield seismic interpretation and realised automatic interpretation of faults and horizons based on the relationship between faults and horizons. We defined a CNN model training method based on structural geological modelling, which allowed rapid and accurate establishment of fault and horizon labels by using structural modelling. We used two examples to verify the accuracy of the algorithm, one to test for synthetic 3D seismic data and one to test for real coalfield seismic data. The results showed that CNNs can effectively predict both faults and horizons at the same time and has high accuracy. Thus, CNNs are potentially novel interpretation tools for coalfield seismic interpretation.
ChemInform Abstract: trans‐Vinylboranes from 9‐Borabicyclo(3.3.1)nonane Through Dehydroborylation. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Aging mechanisms of X2 metallized film capacitors in a high temperature and humidity environment (2016)

Safety capacitors (usually denoted as X1, X2 or Y) are metallized film capacitors (MFC). Two kinds of capacitance loss mechanism typically occur in this metallized film structure: (1) caused by self-healing resulting in a very small electrode area loss; (2) caused by electrode oxidation by electrochemical corrosion under ac stress in a humid environment. This study focuses on the aging mechanism of X2 film capacitors working in high temperature and high humidity environments. Two types of X2 film capacitors have been stressed under an applied voltage of 270Vac at 85 ¼C, 78.68%RH. Capacitance and equivalent series resistance (ESR) were monitored during the experiment as parametric parameters that reflect the aging process. The aging mechanism including moisture ingress time were calculated and comprehensively analyzed with the capacitance change characteristics. It was found that capacitors with lower aluminum metallization has a better capacitance stability, the mean corrosion rate of Type2 (9.7% aluminum metallization) is more than 3 times of the Type1(6.9% aluminum metallization).The ingress time calculated by capacitance change and normalized ESR show reasonable agreement.
Adaptable Robot Formation Control: Adaptive and Predictive Formation Control of Autonomous Vehicles (2014)

The ability to use cooperative small vehicles is of interest in many applications. From material transportation to farming operations, the use of small machines achieving small tasks, but able to work together to complete larger tasks, permits us to rely on a unique kind of vehicle. To be efficient, such a point of view requires the vehicles to be, at least partially, autonomous and their motion must be accurately coordinated for the tasks to be properly achieved. This article proposes a control framework dedicated to the accurate control of a fleet of mobile robots operating in formation. Decentralized control relying on interrobot communication has been favored. To ensure a high relative positioning, adaptive and predictive control techniques are considered, allowing us to account for the influence of several phenomena (such as dynamic perturbations or bad grip conditions) depreciating the relevance of classical approaches based on ideal robots and ideal contact conditions assumptions.
Spectroscopic Effects of Polarity and Hydration in the Distal Heme Pocket of Deoxymyoglobin (1997)

Distal pocket mutations at the E7 position (His64) of sperm whale deoxymyoglobin (deoxyMb) are used as a probe of distal pocket polarity and hydration. Changes of two key spectroscopic markers, the Fe-His(F8) stretch in the resonance Raman spectrum and the position of band III in the absorption spectrum, are monitored as the His64Tyr, His64Phe, His64Leu, and His64Gly mutations alter the distal heme pocket environment. The Fe-His vibration for the Phe, Leu, and Gly mutants is shifted to a lower frequency by 1-2 cm-1 relative to the Tyr mutant, wild type (WT), and native deoxyMb. Band III shifts to the red by approximately 4 nm ( approximately 70 cm-1) relative to WT and native deoxyMb for all the His64 mutants examined in this work. We correlate the small shift in the Fe-His frequency to the local electrostatic environment directly above the heme iron, affected by the presence of a localized water molecule in the heme pocket that is hydrogen-bonded to the E7 residue. The position of band III is roughly correlated to the displacement of the iron from the heme plane; however, the relatively large scatter in this correlation, as well as its dependence on distal pocket mutations, suggests that the heme pocket environment, particularly the E7 residue, also affects the energy of this transition.
The Mechanism of the Zinc(ll)-Zinc Amalgam Electrode Reaction in Alkaline Media As Studied by Chronocoulometric (2009)

The reduction of zinc (II) and the oxidation of zinc amalgam was studied in 0.18-4.0M KOH solutions. The primary electrochemical technique employed was potential step chronocoulometry with data acquisition on a small digital computer. The kinetic parameters were obtained by fitting the experimental charge-time curves to the complete theoretical equation for a stepwise electron transfer mechanism. The sytem was also studied by d-c and a-c polarography and linear scan voltammetry. The results of this study were compared to those of previous workers and shown to be consistent with a mechanism based on stepwise electron transfer Zn(OH)42- ~ Zn(OH)~ + 2 OHZn (OH) 2 + e ~--- Zn (OH)=Zn(OH)2- ~- Zn(OH) + OHZn(OH) ~u Hg -t- e ~=~Zn(Hg) -b OHOne of the most significant features of the study of electrochemical kinetics during the last 20 years has been the evolution of theoretical and experimental procedures which are useful in uncovering the different stages in the complex series of processes which comprise an electrode reaction. An investigation of the kinetics of an electrochemical reaction would ideally lead to the elucidation of the nature of the various steps and a determination of their rate constants, the identification of the intermediates and products, and the determination of the adsorption isotherm for all adsorbed species. Usually, because of experimental and theoretical limitations, only part of the information is accessible for a given system. Although characterization of intermediates is of prime importance, direct observation of these may not be possible if their concentrations are too low or their lifetimes are too short. However, analysis of the current-potentia l relationship obtained by several nonsteady-state methods can yield further information on complex mechanisms
A novel treatment for metastatic melanoma with intralesional rose bengal and radiotherapy: a case series (2010)

Three patients with metastatic melanoma were treated with intralesional rose bengal followed by external beam radiotherapy. In all cases patients had an impressive response without significant increase in acute radiation reaction.
Applications of Near-Field Meta-Steering Antenna Systems (2021)

The near-field meta-steering (NFMS) method, a beam-steering technique using pair of near-field metasurfaces, has several unique attributes, including planar profile, lack of active components, and high efficiency. The NFMS uses a thin planar high-gain antenna and stacked pair of near-field metasurfaces that are rotated around the antenna aperture with a pair of stepping motors to steer the beam in a large conical region. The NFMS systems are suitable for a broad spectrum of applications, including communication-on-the-move in providing data connectivity in remote places and moving platforms such as trains, buses, ambulances, and fire trucks. Some specialized all-metal metasurfaces are designed to make the NFMS system suitable for high-power microwave applications. Stepped dielectric metasurfaces are used to realize wideband beam-steering antenna systems used in sensing applications.
Investigating the mode of action of sulfoxaflor: a fourth‐generation neonicotinoid (2012)

The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor pharmacological profile of sulfoxaflor in aphids is consistent with that of imidacloprid. Additionally, the insecticidal activity of sulfoxaflor and the current commercialised neonicotinoids is affected by the point mutation in FRC Myzus persicae. Therefore, it is suggested that sulfoxalfor be considered a neonicotinoid, and that this be taken into account when recommending insecticide rotation partnering for effective resistance management programmes.
Finger Vein Image Inpainting With Gabor Texture Constraints (2020)

The texture edge continuity of a finger vein image is very important for the accuracy of feature extraction. However, the traditional inpainting methods which, without accurate texture constraints, are easy to cause the vein texture of the inpainted image to be blurred and break. A finger vein image inpainting method with Gabor texture constraints is proposed. The proposed method effectively protects the texture edge continuity of the inpainted image. Firstly, using the proposed vertical phase difference coding method, the Gabor texture feature matrix of the finger vein image, which can accurately describe the texture information, can be extracted from the Gabor filtering responses. Then, according to the local texture continuity of the finger vein image, the known pixels, which have different texture orientations with the center pixel in the patch, are filtered out using the Gabor texture constraining mechanism during the inpainting process. The proposed method eliminates irrelevant information interference in the inpainting process and has a more precise texture propagation. Simulation experiments of artificially synthetic images and acquired images show that the finger vein images inpainted by the proposed method have better texture continuity and higher image quality than the traditional methods which do not have accurate texture constraints. The proposed method improves the recognition performance of the finger vein identification system with the acquired damaged images.
Establishment and characterization of human neuroblastoma cell lines. (1976)

Three new tissue culture cell lines, CHP-100, CHP-126, and CHP-134, have been established from explant cultures of human neuroblastoma. The cell lines have been characterized with respect to morphology, chromosomes constitution, growth, neural enzyme content, and their ability to grow in nude mice. The cells grow as dense masses comprised of fibroblast-or neuroblast-like cells with small processes. The cell lines differ in their neural enzyme acitivity. The chromosomal content of the 3 cell lines is near diploid, and all are capable of forming tumors in nude mice. The morphological findings indicate that the cells in culture resemble those found in the tumor, and the enzyme activities are consistent with those of nervous tissue. This the morphological, biochemical, and tumorigenic properties confirm that the 3 cell lines are neoplastic cells of neural origin.
Prevention of non-microbial sapstains in water-stored oak logs (1992)

Lumber sawn from water-stored red oak logs develops non-microbial sapstain sooner and at a more rapid rate than lumber sawn from freshly cut logs. Non-microbial sapstain can be prevented in lumber from freshly cut logs with a 5-minute dip in 5 percent sodium bisulfite, whereas 10 percent sodium bisulfite is needed for lumber cut from water-stored logs. Sodium bisulfite is not effective in completely preventing sapstain in lumber sawn from logs that have been water-stored for more than 3 to 4 weeks.
Poly(Anhydride) Nanoparticles Act as Active Th1 Adjuvants through Toll-Like Receptor Exploitation (2010)

The mechanisms that underlie the potent Th1-adjuvant capacity of poly(methyl vinyl ether-co-maleic anhydride) nanoparticles (NPs) were investigated. Traditionally, polymer NPs have been considered delivery systems that promote a closer interaction between antigen and antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Our results revealed that poly(anhydride) NPs also act as agonists of various Toll-like receptors (TLRs) (TLR2, -4, and -5), triggering a Th1-profile cytokine release (gamma interferon [IFN-gamma], 478 pg/ml versus 39.6 pg/ml from negative control; interleukin-12 [IL-12], 40 pg/ml versus 7.2 pg/ml from negative control) and, after incubation with dendritic cells, inducing a 2.5- to 3.5-fold increase of CD54 and CD86 costimulatory molecule expression. Furthermore, in vivo studies suggest that NPs actively elicit a CD8(+) T-cell response. Immunization with empty NPs resulted in a significant delay in the mean survival date (from day 7 until day 23 postchallenge) and a protection level of 30% after challenge against a lethal dose of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis. Taken together, our results provide a better understanding of how NPs act as active Th1 adjuvants in immunoprophylaxis and immunotherapy through TLR exploitation.
Enzyme-activation by antibody. 3. The effect of antibody on activity-restoration in mixtures of S-peptide and S-protein. (1971)

Conformational alteration of antigen by antibody has been deduced from antibody-induced enhancement of the catalytic activity of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease. Further support for this conclusion is adduced from the effect of ribonuclease A antibody on the activity of ribonuclease S9, which consists of two enzyme fragments. These fragments, S-peptide and S-protein, are enzymically inactive when separated and active when mixed. The molar ratio (S-peptide:S-protein) at which maximum restoration of activity occurs is reduced when S-protein is allowed to combine with ribonuclease A antiserum or with activating-antibody fractions. Antibody also changes the relative effect of ribonuclease S9 on different substrates.
Tunable diode laser spectroscopy over optical fibres for gas measurements in harsh industrial environments (2005)

Near infra-red tuneable diode laser spectroscopy (TDLS) with wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) is a powerful technique for the measurements of gas compositions, and its ability to address multiple sensing points over optical fibre networks is proving to be particularly useful. However, the complexity involved in compensating for errors arising from pressure fluctuations is a weakness. Indeed, it is desirable to develop the technique to be capable of measuring pressure. This requires the extraction of accurate linewidth information from the recovered signals, so far made difficult by the presence of a systematic distortion arising from the laser amplitude modulation. Here we report a simple detection technique to null the effects of laser amplitude modulation and recover undistorted signals from which the gas linewidth can be accurately measured. Firstly we demonstrate that the measurements of accurate gas linewidths and pressure can be made from direct detection TDLS, addressing an atmospheric water absorption line. Finally, we report the accurate and simple measurement of acetylene pressure from TDLS / WMS measurements.
Biomimetic One-Step Access to Nitraramine from Simple C5 Units. Revision of the Previously Reported Structure of Epinitraramine to Nitraramine (2005)

[reaction: see text] A single biomimetic cascade sequence featuring intermolecular followed by intramolecular cyclizations allowed the biomimetic synthesis of nitraramine from simple C5-lysine-derived metabolites. In the course of the study, the structure of epinitraramine was also revisited.