gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Incidence and causes of in-hospital mortality in cardiac device-related infections (2020)

Abstract Introduction Cardiac device-related infections (CDRI) are associated with increased in-hospital mortality despite effective treatment by transvenous lead extraction (TLE) and antibiotic therapy. Data on mortality and causes of death are scarce and predictors of mortality are not well defined. Purpose To analyse the incidence and causes of mortality in CDRI and identify predictors of mortality in a large single centre experience. Methods All patients undergoing TLE for CDRI in our department between May 2012 and January 2020 were included in a prospective registry. Patient characteristics, procedural and follow-up data were collected and analysed. A Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to analyse the influence of different infection types on mortality. Univariate and multivariate cox regression analysis was applied to identify risk factors for mortality. Results Among 561 consecutive patients (72±12 years; 77% male) treated for CDRI (51.2% systemic and 48.8% localized infection), 61 patients (10.9%) died during the index hospitalization. The most frequent cause of death was severe systemic infection or sepsis in 38 patients (6.8%), followed by end-stage heart failure (9; 1.6%), respiratory insufficiency (3; 0.5%), ventricular arrhythmias (3; 0.5%), asystole (2; 0.4%), pulmonary embolism (2; 0.4%), acute enteric ischemia (2; 0.4%), mechanical ileus (1; 0.2%), and unwitnessed sudden death (1; 0.2%). Patients who died had significantly more often systemic infections (p&amp;lt;0.001), positive blood cultures (p&amp;lt;0.001), severe renal dysfunction (GFR &amp;lt;30ml/min; p&amp;lt;0.001), heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF; p=0.001), and diabetes (p=0.004). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed a significantly higher mortality in patients with systemic CDRI as compared to localized infection (log-rank p&amp;lt;0.001). Several factors were predictors of mortality in univariate analysis: systemic infection (HR 4.64, 95% CI 2.18–9.84; p&amp;lt;0.001), GFR &amp;lt;30 ml/min (HR 4.27, 95% CI 2.57–7.09; p&amp;lt;0.001), vegetation in TOE (HR 3.68, 95% CI 1.78–7.43; p&amp;lt;0.001), positive blood cultures (HR 2.52, 95% CI 1.46–4.37; p=0.001), diabetes (HR 1.89, 95% CI 1.12–3.18; p=0.018), HFrEF (HR 1.83, 95% CI 1.09–3.05; p=0.021), tricuspid regurgitation (HR 1.79, 95% CI 1.21–2.65, p=0.004), and days from hospital admission to explant (HR 1.04, 95% CI 1.02–1.06; p&amp;lt;0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed severe renal dysfunction (HR 2.71, 95% CI 1.47–5.00; p=0.001) and days from hospital admission to TLE (HR 1.029, 95% CI 1.004–1.055, p=0.021) as independent predictors of in-hospital mortality. Conclusion In-hospital mortality in CDRI is particularly high in patients with severe systemic infection and sepsis despite state-of the-art treatment. Delayed TLE is associated with an increased in-hospital mortality. Therefore, TLE should be performed early in the course of CDRI, particularly in patients with severe systemic infection. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None
Adhesion Energy of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube-Polyethylene Composite: Effect of Magnetic Field (2006)

In this paper, we investigate the adhesion energy at the interface between single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and polyethylene matrixwith and without an external magnetic field. The carbon nanotubes are of two different chiralities—armchair (10, 10), and zigzag (10, 0), and the external high magnetic field is of 25 Tesla intensity. The study employs molecular dynamics simulations and concludes that the magnetic field decreases the interfacial adhesion energy although it increases the individual potential energies of the nanotubes, polyethylene, and composite.
Kinetics and Comparative Reactivity of Human Class I and Class IIb Histone Deacetylases (2004)

Histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes modulate gene expression through the deacetylation of acetylated lysine residues on histone proteins. They operate in biological systems as part of multiprotein corepressor complexes. To understand the reactivity of isolated HDACs and the contribution of cofactor binding to reactivity, the reaction kinetics of isolated, recombinant human HDACs 1, 2, 3, 6, 8, and 10 were measured using a novel, continuous protease-coupled enzyme assay. Values of k(cat) and k(cat)/K(m) and the pH dependence of these values were determined for the reactions of each isozyme with acetyl-Gly-Ala-(N(epsilon)-acetyl-Lys)-AMC. Values of k(cat) spanned the range of 0.006-2.8 s(-1), and k(cat)/K(m) values ranged from 60 to 110000 M(-1) s(-1). The pH profiles for both k(cat) and k(cat)/K(m) were bell-shaped for all of the HDAC isozymes, with pH optima at approximately pH 8. Values of K(i) for the inhibitor trichostatin A were determined for each isozyme. The inhibition constants were generally similar for all HDAC isozymes, except that the value for HDAC8 was significantly higher than that for the other isozymes. The reaction of HDAC8 with an alternative substrate was performed to assess the steric requirements of the HDAC8 active site, and the effect of phosphorylation on HDAC1 activity was examined. The results are discussed in terms of the biological roles of the HDAC enzymes and the proposed reaction mechanism of acetyllysine hydrolysis by these enzymes.
Locoregional Therapies for Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases: Options Beyond Resection (2021)

Colorectal cancer was the third most common malignancy worldwide in 2018, and most patients present with or develop distant metastases. Colorectal liver metastases are most commonly observed because of the vascular drainage of the colon and superior rectum. Current guidelines recommend surgical resection as first-line treatment; however, 80% to 90% of patients with colorectal liver metastases are ineligible for primary resection. For patients with unresectable disease, a multidisciplinary treatment approach is favored, incorporating systemic therapy and a toolbox of local ablative therapies. These treatments either aim at cytoreduction to enable a conversion to surgical resectability or control of disease progression and spread. Each of these treatments carries unique outcomes and risk profiles, thereby contributing to an individualized treatment strategy for patients with colorectal liver metastases. This review summarizes evidence on hepatic artery infusion, stereotactic body radiation therapy, thermal ablation, transarterial chemoembolization with drug-eluding beads, and transarterial radioembolization for treatment of colorectal liver metastases. Results of large-scale prospective and retrospective studies and international guidelines are discussed to provide detailed background on the current and prospective use of local ablative techniques in management of colorectal liver metastases.
Towards Ubiquitous and Adaptive Web-Based Multimedia Communications via the Cloud (2015)

This chapter at first surveys the Web technologies that can enable ubiquitous and pervasive multimedia communications over the Web and then reviews the challenges that are raised by their combination. In this context, the relevant HTML5 APIs and technologies provided for service adaptation are introduced and the MPEG-DASH, X3Dom, and WebRTC frameworks are discussed. What is envisaged for the future of mobile multimedia is that with the integration of these technologies one can shape a diversity of future pervasive and personalized cloud-based Web applications, where the client-server operations are obsolete. In particular, it is believed that in the future Web cloud-based Web applications will be able to communicate, stream, and transfer adaptive events and content to their clients, creating a fully collaborative and pervasive Web 3D environment.
HVDC-AC Harmonic Interaction Part II -AC System Harmonic Model with Comparison of Calculated and Measured Data (1982)

This paper is Part II of a two part series. The two papers will report part of the research project RP-1138 sponsored by EPRI and BPA on HVDC-AC System Interaction from AC Harmonics. The two papers describe the harmonic impedance measurement of Bonneville Power Administration's (BPA) system as seen from the Celilo HVDC substation, the development of analytical techniques to calculate the harmonic impedance of the system, and comparison of the calculated and measured results.
Multi-beam ultrafast laser processing of free-standing nanofilms (2023)

Abstract In this study, femtosecond laser-based multi-beam interference laser processing on nanofilms with nanometer thicknesses was demonstrated. The resulting multi-hole, two-dimensional lattice pattern reflected a laser interference fringe formed on the surface of the nanofilm, with no breaks or cracks. In anticipation of the actual nanostructure fabrication, additional laser processing was performed to drill additional holes in the spaces between the existing holes, resulting in high-density multi-point hole drilling beyond the interference fringe pitch. Notably, processing materials with thicknesses close to 100 nm or less is difficult even with a state-of-the-art focused-ion-beam system. The presented method, in contrast, allows instantaneous, submicrometer-scale multi-point hole drilling of nanofilms over a large area, opening up a new frontier of nanoengineering. Future applications will include the fabrication of electron phase plates, membrane-based optomechanical devices, microelectromechanical systems, and engineering of atomic layer materials.
Longitudinal assessment of cardiac involvement in Erdheim-Chester disease using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. (2023)

7067 Background: Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is a rare multi-systemic non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis that affects the heart in nearly half of patients. Atrial infiltration and pericardial effusion are the hallmarks of cardiac involvement and can lead to clinical complications (conduction disorders, coronary artery stenosis, tamponade, constrictive pericarditis). Evolution under treatment is poorly studied. We aimed to investigate the evolution of cardiac involvement in ECD using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging. Methods: All ECD patients with a CMR imaging disclosing a cardiac involvement and who underwent at least one follow-up CMR imaging between 2005 and 2020 at a French tertiary center were retrospectively included. First and last CMR imaging were compared. Multivariable analysis was performed to search for independent predictors of cardiac involvement resolution. Variables were included in the model if their P-value was &lt; 0.1 on univariable analysis. Results: Overall, 46 patients were included. Median age at first imaging was 63 years [53-69]. Median delay between the first and the last imaging was 4 years [2-7]. BRAF V600E mutation was present in 43 patients (94%). Patients received a median of 2 [1-3] treatments. All patients (100%) had cardiac involvement at baseline. Right atrio-ventricular sulcus (RAVS) was infiltrated in 38 patients (83%) and was the main cardiac feature.Overall, complete regression was observed in 6 patients (13%), partial regression in 26 patients (56%), stable imaging in 12 patients (26%), and worsening in 2 patients (5%). In patients with RAVS infiltration, complete regression was observed in 5 patients (16%) and partial regression was seen 22 patients (58%) regression. On univariable analysis, patients with regression of their infiltration had a lower rate of death (16% versus 64%, P= 0.002), a higher rate of atrial infiltration late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) (97% versus 71%, P= 0.01), a higher rate of hydronephrosis (50% versus 14%, P= 0.03) and a lower rate of interferon prescription (69% versus 100%, P= 0.02). A similar rate of vemurafenib use was observed in both groups (69% versus 54%, P= 0.3). On multivariable analysis, death remained significantly associated with follow-up imaging status (ß = -2.3 P= 0.01), while atrial infiltration LGE (ß = 2.7, P= 0.06), hydronephrosis (ß = 1.6, P= 0.1) and treatment with interferon (ß = -16, P= 1) were no longer significantly associated with imaging status. Conclusions: Partial or complete resolution of cardiac involvement was observed in 69% of patients with ECD and was significantly associated with a lower rate of death on multivariable analysis.
Automated Computation of Materials Properties (2019)

Materials informatics offers a promising pathway toward rational materials design, replacing the current trial-and-error approach and accelerating the development of new functional materials. Through the use of sophisticated data analysis techniques, underlying property trends can be identified, facilitating the formulation of new design rules. Such methods require large sets of consistently generated, programmatically accessible materials data. Computational materials design frameworks using standardized parameter sets are the ideal tools for producing such data. This work reviews the state-of-the-art in computational materials design, with a focus on these automated ab initio frameworks. Features such as structural prototyping and automated error correction that enable rapid generation of large data sets are discussed, and the way in which integrated workflows can simplify the calculation of complex properties, such as thermal conductivity and mechanical stability, is demonstrated. The organization of large data sets composed of ab initio calculations, and the tools that render them programmatically accessible for use in statistical learning applications are also described. Finally, recent advances in leveraging existing data to predict novel functional materials, such as entropy-stabilized ceramics, bulk metallic glasses, thermoelectrics, superalloys, and magnets, are surveyed.
Photocrosslinking Probes Proximity of Thymine Modifiers Tethering Excitonically Coupled Dye Aggregates to DNA Holliday Junction (2022)

A DNA Holliday junction (HJ) has been used as a versatile scaffold to create a variety of covalently templated molecular dye aggregates exhibiting strong excitonic coupling. In these dye-DNA constructs, one way to attach dyes to DNA is to tether them via single long linkers to thymine modifiers incorporated in the core of the HJ. Here, using photoinduced [2 + 2] cycloaddition (photocrosslinking) between thymines, we investigated the relative positions of squaraine-labeled thymine modifiers in the core of the HJ, and whether the proximity of thymine modifiers correlated with the excitonic coupling strength in squaraine dimers. Photocrosslinking between squaraine-labeled thymine modifiers was carried out in two distinct types of configurations: adjacent dimer and transverse dimer. The outcomes of the reactions in terms of relative photocrosslinking yields were evaluated by denaturing polyacrylamide electrophoresis. We found that for photocrosslinking to occur at a high yield, a synergetic combination of three parameters was necessary: adjacent dimer configuration, strong attractive dye-dye interactions that led to excitonic coupling, and an A-T neighboring base pair. The insight into the proximity of dye-labeled thymines in adjacent and transverse configurations correlated with the strength of excitonic coupling in the corresponding dimers. To demonstrate a utility of photocrosslinking, we created a squaraine tetramer templated by a doubly crosslinked HJ with increased thermal stability. These findings provide guidance for the design of HJ-templated dye aggregates exhibiting strong excitonic coupling for exciton-based applications such as organic optoelectronics and quantum computing.
Enzymatically Polymerized Organic Conductors on Model Lipid Membranes (2023)

Seamless integration between biological systems and electrical components is essential for enabling a twinned biochemical-electrical recording and therapy approach to understand and combat neurological disorders. Employing bioelectronic systems made up of conjugated polymers, which have an innate ability to transport both electronic and ionic charges, provides the possibility of such integration. In particular, translating enzymatically polymerized conductive wires, recently demonstrated in plants and simple organism systems, into mammalian models, is of particular interest for the development of next-generation devices that can monitor and modulate neural signals. As a first step toward achieving this goal, enzyme-mediated polymerization of two thiophene-based monomers is demonstrated on a synthetic lipid bilayer supported on a Au surface. Microgravimetric studies of conducting films polymerized in situ provide insights into their interactions with a lipid bilayer model that mimics the cell membrane. Moreover, the resulting electrical and viscoelastic properties of these self-organizing conducting polymers suggest their potential as materials to form the basis for novel approaches to in vivo neural therapeutics.
The Maximum-Likelihood Property of Estimators of Wave Parameters from Heave, Pitch, and Roll Buoys (1992)

It is shown that ocean-wave spectrum parameters obtained from spectra of time series measured with heave, pitch, and roll data buoys are maximum-likelihood (ML) estimators under certain assumptions about the wave field. A modified set of ML estimators where the linear wave-theory dispersion relation is strictly enforced is shown to have only marginally better performance.
Entity-Enriched Neural Models for Clinical Question Answering (2020)

We explore state-of-the-art neural models for question answering on electronic medical records and improve their ability to generalize better on previously unseen (paraphrased) questions at test time. We enable this by learning to predict logical forms as an auxiliary task along with the main task of answer span detection. The predicted logical forms also serve as a rationale for the answer. Further, we also incorporate medical entity information in these models via the ERNIE (Zhang et al., 2019a) architecture. We train our models on the large-scale emrQA dataset and observe that our multi-task entity-enriched models generalize to paraphrased questions 5% better than the baseline BERT model.
MaVis: Machine Learning Aided Multi-Model Framework for Time Series Visual Analytics (2016)

The ultimate goal of any visual analytic task is to make sense of the data and gain insights. Unfortunately, the continuously growing scale of the data nowadays challenges the traditional data analytics in the &#x201C;big-data&#x201D; era. Particularly, the human cognitive capabilities are constant whereas the data scale is not. Furthermore, most existing work focus on how to extract interesting information and present that to the user while not emphasizing on how to provide options to the analysts if the extracted information is not interesting. In this paper, we propose a visual analytic tool called MaVis that integrates multiple machine learning models with a plug-and-play style to describe the input data. It allows the analysts to choose the way they prefer to summarize the data. The MaVis framework provides multiple linked analytic spaces for interpretation at different levels. The low level data space handles data binning strategy while the high level model space handles model summarizations (i.e. clusters or trends). MaVis also supports model analytics that visualize the summarized patterns and compare and contrast them. This framework is shown to provide several novel methods of investigating co-movement patterns of timeseries dataset which is a common interest of medical sciences, finance, business and engineering alike. Lastly we demonstrate the usefulness of our framework via case study and user study using a stock price dataset.
Hardware implementation of generalized profile search on the GENSTORM machine (2002)

We describe the hardware implementation of the ProfileScan algorithm, a very sensitive method to discover distant biomolecular sequence relationships. This is part of the GENSTORM project, aimed at providing a dedicated computer for biological sequence processing based on FPGAs.
Random all-dielectric anti-reflective metasurfaces on the waveguide facet (Conference Presentation) (2018)

Integrated photonics technology is set to revolutionize our access to powerful on-chip computing, nondestructive sensors and more. The major limitation of modern integrated photonics is losses that accompany the coupling of high index waveguides. For instance: Fresnel reflection on CMOS compatible Si waveguide interface is of 35% for the single facet and of 51% for both facets. These losses, of course, are minor in glass waveguides ( ~%4) [1, 2]. The light coupling from fiber into a planar waveguide with complicated shape is even lossier. The abrupt change in refractive index on the interface is in charge of disruptive reflection. To reduce the reflection, one can gradually change the refractive index at the interface. Here we propose to use metasurfaces which utilize the sub-diffraction properties of resonators [3, 4, 5]. First, we study the anti-reflection properties of the random structures on the facet of the waveguides [6]. In general, rough surfaces, as random process, can be defined mainly by two statistical functions: the height distribution and the autocorrelation function (ACF). Therefore, by tuning these two parameters we change the reflection properties of such a structure. Allowing an additional degree of freedom, anti-reflective random metasurfaces have numerous advantages. In addition, they can be easily manufactured on space compatible devices, high power lasers to list a few. References: [1] Alina Karabchevsky, James S Wilkinson, and Michalis N Zervas. Transmittance and surface intensity in 3d composite plasmonic waveguides. Optics express, 23(11):14407–14423, 2015. [2] A Karabchevsky and AV Kavokin. Giant absorption of light by molecular vibrations on a chip. Scientific reports, 6, 2016. [3] Shalin A. S. Optical Antireflection of a Medium by Nanostructural Layers // Progress in Electromagnetic Research B. 2011. V. 31. P. 45-66. [4] Shalin A. S., Nikitov S. A. Approximate Model for Universal Broadband Antireflection Nano-Structure // Progress in Electromagnetic Research B. 2013. V. 47. P. 127-144. [5] D. A. Baranov, P. A. Dmitriev, I. S. Mukhin, A. K. Samusev, P. A. Belov, C. R. Simovski and A. S. Shalin. Broadband antireflective coatings based on two-dimensional arrays of subwavelength nanopores // Appl. Phys. Lett. 106, 171913 (2015); [6] JA Ogilvy. Wave scattering from rough surfaces. Reports on Progress in Physics, 50(12):1553, 1987.
On the Implementation of Manipulator Control (1984)

The design and implementation of a controller for a six-degree-off-freedom robot manipulator is presented. Two IBM Personal Computers were used to implement the preliminary scheme reported here where execution of programmed motion can be carried out in either point-to-point or straight line mode.
Production of Injection Mold by Laser Sintering Technology (2004)

An innovative laser-beam forming technology and the steel-based-powder material have been developed by combining a conventional laser sintering and a high-speed milling method, for the purpose of the fabrication of low-cost injection molds with short lead-time. Mold fabrication, which substantially affects product development cost and lead-time, has been the subject of intense experimentation, centering around different approaches, such as rapid prototyping by solidifying liquid resin using laser light. However, none of these methods have been applicable to production processes due to insufficient accuracy and service life. The newly developed laser-beam forming technology enabled the one-process quick fabrication of low-cost injection molds.