gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Palladium-Catalyzed Desulfitative Mizoroki-Heck Coupling Reactions of Sulfonyl Chlorides with Olefins in a Nitrile-Functionalized Ionic Liquid (2006)

Aryl and alkenyl sulfonyl chlorides can be used in Heck-Mizoroki-type couplings with mono- and disubstituted olefins in a nitrile-functionalized ionic liquid, viz. [C3CNpy][Tf2N]. AdvanÂ­tages over previously reported methods include: (1) use of a cheap catalyst source, PdCl2, (2) ability to handle the catalyst in air, (3) Â­reduced reaction times, (4) elimination of phase-transfer catalysts due to the high solubility of the inorganic base in the ionic liquid, and (5) facile recycling of the ionic liquid-palladium catalyst. The yields of coupling products remain in the same range as the reactions conducted in organic solvents. Palladium nanoparticles, characterized using transmission electron microscopy, have been identified in the ionic liquid following the Heck-Mizoroki type Â­coupling reactions.
Controlled Release for Hormone Therapies by LHRH Analogue Containing Polymer Needles and Testosterone Containing Artificial Testis (1988)

(1988). Controlled Release for Hormone Therapies by LHRH Analogue Containing Polymer Needles and Testosterone Containing Artificial Testis. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy: Vol. 14, No. 15-17, pp. 2519-2533.
Tissue Ablation in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia with High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (1994)

In a phase I clinical trial the morphological impact and safety of high intensity focused ultrasound administered transrectally for tissue ablation in prostates from 22 patients undergoing subsequent prostatectomy were evaluated. Location and size of the tissue lesions correlated well with the predefined target area and revealed sharply delineated coagulative necrosis in all cases. Intervening tissues, such as the rectal wall and posterior prostate capsule, were invariably intact. In a subsequent phase II clinical trial the effectiveness of transrectal high intensity focused ultrasound as a novel minimally invasive treatment modality for 50 patients with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia was determined. The maximum urinary flow rate (ml. per second) increased from 8.9 +/- 4.1 to 12.7 +/- 6.4 at 3 months in 44 patients, 12.4 +/- 5.6 at 6 months in 33 and 13.1 +/- 6.5 at 12 months in 20. During the same period the post-void residual volume (ml) decreased from 131 +/- 120 to 48 +/- 41, 59 +/- 42 and 35 +/- 30, respectively, and the American Urological Association symptom score (points) decreased from 24.5 +/- 4.7 to 13.3 +/- 4.4, 13.4 +/- 4.7 and 10.8 +/- 2.5, respectively. These data demonstrate that transrectal high intensity focused ultrasound is capable of inducing coagulative necrosis in the human prostate via a transrectal approach while preserving intervening and adjacent tissue. A 47% (+4.2 ml. per second) improvement in uroflowmetry and a 53% (-13.7 points) decrease in the American Urological Association symptom score 1 year after treatment clearly prove that transrectal high intensity focused ultrasound is a novel and safe minimally invasive treatment option for benign prostatic hyperplasia.
The Shape Effect of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles on Biodistribution, Clearance, and Biocompatibility in Vivo (2011)

In our previous study we reported that the interaction of nanoparticles with cells can be influenced by particle shape, but until now the effect of particle shape on in vivo behavior remained poorly understood. In the present study, we control the fabrication of fluorescent mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) by varying the concentration of reaction reagents especially to design a series of shapes. Two different shaped fluorescent MSNs (aspect ratios, 1.5, 5) were specially designed, and the effects of particle shape on biodistribution, clearance and biocompatibility in vivo were investigated. Organ distributions show that intravenously administrated MSNs are mainly present in the liver, spleen and lung (>80%) and there is obvious particle shape effects on in vivo behaviors. Short-rod MSNs are easily trapped in the liver, while long-rod MSNs distribute in the spleen. MSNs with both aspect ratios have a higher content in the lung after PEG modification. We also found MSNs are mainly excreted by urine and feces, and the clearance rate of MSNs is primarily dependent on the particle shape, where short-rod MSNs have a more rapid clearance rate than long-rod MSNs in both excretion routes. Hematology, serum biochemistry, and histopathology results indicate that MSNs would not cause significant toxicity in vivo, but there is potential induction of biliary excretion and glomerular filtration dysfunction. These findings may provide useful information for the design of nanoscale delivery systems and the environmental fate of nanoparticles.
Azithromycin analogue CSY0073 attenuates lung inflammation induced by LPS challenge (2014)

Unlike azithromycin, CSY0073 had no antibacterial effects but it did have a similar anti-inflammatory profile to that of azithromycin. Hence, CSY0073 may have potential as a long-term treatment for patients with chronic lung diseases.
Fibrous Capsule Formation and Fibroblast Interactions at Charged Hydrogel Interfaces (1976)

Precise measurement of the biological response to specific properties of an implanted material requires a well defined materials system and a method for accurately evaluating variations in the response. Ionogenic hydrogels have been used as a materials system in this study to evaluate the effect of charge on the early phases of fibrous capsule formation. Image analysis techniques were used to quantitatively measure the response. Specific aspects of fibroblast interactions with these materials were also investigated using cell culture techniques. The fibrous capsule is a layer of connective tissue formed as part of the biological response to an implanted foreign material. It consists primarily of collagen fibers, but may also contain a variety of inflammatory cell types and new capillaries, depending on the degree of the response(1). It has been previously demonstrated in vivo, that the addition of charged functional groups to a hydrogel network can significantly alter the early
Innate Immunity and Vaccine Adjuvants: From Concepts to the Development of a Unique Adjuvant System AS04 Used for the Formulation of a Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccine (2010)

New vaccine technology has led to vaccines containing highly purified antigens with improved safety profiles, but increased antigen purity often results in weakened immunogenicity. A better understanding of innate and adaptive immunity and their interaction at the molecular level has led to the use of innovative adjuvants combined with careful antigen selection. Adjuvants can be used to amplify the immune response, and the combination of antigens with more than one adjuvant, the Adjuvant System approach, allows the development of vaccines which generate specific and effective immune responses adapted to both the pathogen and the target population. One of those Adjuvant Systems is AS04, a combination of the TLR4 agonist MPL (3-O-desacyl-4-monophosphoryl lipid A) and aluminum salt. The added value of MPL in AS04-based formulation above Aluminium was evidenced for a prophylactic human papillomavirus (HPV)-16/18 vaccine by higher vaccine-elicited antibody responses, as well as the induction of higher levels of memory B-cells. This review focuses on the role of AS04 for development of Cervarix™, a vaccine for the prevention of cervical cancer. Keywords: Adjuvant system, HPV vaccine, MPL, improved vaccines
Compact circularly polarised waveguide element (1991)

Describes the design and measured performances of an extremely compact circularly polarised waveguide element/OMT which has an in-line configuration compatible with the typical requirements of feed array geometry. An example is presented which utilises this waveguide element in a circularly polarised flat plate array antenna for TVRO applications. A radiating element that utilises a septum polariser has been successfully implemented in a circularly polarised flat plate array antenna for DBS applications. >
Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Molecular Modeling Investigation of New Chiral Fibrates with PPARα and PPARγ Agonist Activity (2005)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors that govern lipid and glucose homeostasis playing a central role in cardiovascular diseases, obesity, and diabetes. Medications targeted to PPARs have been established to treat hyperlipidemia (fibrates) and insulin resistance (glitazones). Thus, there is significant interest in developing new and specific ligands for these receptors. Here, we present the results of the screening of new ligands of PPARalpha and PPARgamma. Optical isomers of new chiral fibrates were synthesized and tested in cell-based assays. Compound (S)-7 showed a dual PPARalpha/gamma activity, and its stereochemistry was crucial in receptor activation. Protease protection experiments suggested that this compound binds directly to PPAR. Moreover, computational studies showed that it properly docks to PPARalpha and gamma ligand binding pockets. Interestingly, (S)-7 exhibited only a modest capacity to induce the differentiation of murine fibroblasts 3T3-L1 into adipocytes compared to rosiglitazone, a well-known PPARgamma agonist.
GNSS Spoofing Jamming Detection Based on Generative Adversarial Network (2021)

The GNSS spoofing jamming is generated by transmitting spoofing signals that are identical or similar to the authentic satellite signals but have a stronger power in order to guide a receiver to acquire and track them instead of real signals. The main aim of spoofing is to make the receiver obtain wrong timing and positioning information. In this paper, the characteristics of spoofing signals in the acquisition phase are analyzed and studied. Based on the idea of confrontation evolution of a general adverse network (GAN), this study proposes a GNSS anti-spoofing method. The performance of the proposed method is verified by simulations experiments. The experimental results show that when the pseudo-code phase difference between the spoofing signal and the authentic signal exceeds 0.5 chip, the detection probability of the GAN can reach more than 98%. The proposed method can also be applied to situations where the spoofing signal is highly synchronized with the real signal.
Joint and implicit registration for face recognition (2009)

Contemporary face recognition algorithms rely on precise localization of keypoints (corner of eye, nose etc.). Unfortunately, finding keypoints reliably and accurately remains a hard problem. In this paper we pose two questions. First, is it possible to exploit the gallery image in order to find keypoints in the probe image? For instance, consider finding the left eye in the probe image. Rather than using a generic eye model, we use a model that is informed by the appearance of the eye in the gallery image. To this end we develop a probabilistic model which combines recognition and keypoint localization. Second, is it necessary to localize keypoints? Alternatively we can consider keypoint position as a hidden variable which we marginalize over in a Bayesian manner. We demonstrate that both of these innovations improve performance relative to conventional methods in both frontal and cross-pose face recognition.
Trifluoromethyldiazirinylphenyldiazenes:  New Hemoprotein Active-Site Probes (1999)

The photoactivatable trifluoromethyldiazirinylphenyldiazene probes 1a and 2a have been synthesized, and their utility in the mapping of hemoprotein active sites has been validated with myoglobin (Mb). Reaction of the probes with Mb yields Fe-aryl adducts. Photolysis of these adducts unmasks a carbene that cross-links to active-site protein residues. Migration of the aryl group from the iron to a porphyrin nitrogen then attaches the porphyrin chromophore to the labeled amino acid residue. Tryptic digestion of the labeled proteins followed by mass spectrometric analysis of the peptides has identified Leu-29, His-64, Ile-107, and Val-68 as active-site residues. Previous studies with an arylnitrene probe, which appears to only react with nucleophilic groups, identified His-64 as an active-site residue [Tschirret-Guth, R. A.; Medzihradszky, K. F.; Ortiz de Montellano, P. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 7404−7410]. These studies have identified all but one of the active-site amino acids in contact with the probe. The present strategy not only labels active-site amino acids but also, because the probe is rigidly held in the active site, provides approximate locations for the labeled residues with respect to the heme iron atom. Validation of the strategy with myoglobin opens the way to use of the approach with hemoproteins of unknown active-site structure.
Robust Motor Imagery Classification Using Sparse Representations and Grouping Structures (2020)

The classification of Motor Imagery (MI) tasks constitutes one of the most challenging problems in Brain Computer Interfaces (BCI) mostly due to the varying conditions of its operation. These conditions may vary with respect to the number of electrodes, the time and effort that can be invested by the user for training/calibrating the system prior to its use, as well as the duration or even the type of the imaginary task that is most convenient for the user. Hence, it is desirable to design classification schemes that are not only accurate in terms of the classification output but also robust to changes in the operational conditions. Towards this goal, we propose a new sparse representation classification scheme that extends current sparse representation schemes by exploiting the group sparsity of relevant features. Based on this scheme each test signal is represented as a linear combination of train trials that are further constrained to belong in the same MI class. Our expectation is that this constrained linear combination exploiting the grouping structure of the training data will lead to representations that are more robust to varying operational conditions. Moreover, in order to avoid overfitting and provide a model with good generalization abilities we adopt the bayesian framework and, in particular, the Variational Bayesian Framework since we use a specific approximate posterior to exploit the grouping structure of the data. We have evaluated the proposed algorithm on two MI datasets using electroencephalograms (EEG) that allowed us to simulate different operational conditions like the number of available channels, the number of training trials, the type of MI tasks, as well as the duration of each trial. Results have shown that the proposed method presents state-of-the-art performance against well known classification methods in MI BCI literature.
Total internal reflection at conductive interfaces: Monolayer graphene for terahertz modulation (2015)

We have derived the Fresnel reflection coefficients incorporating both total internal reflection (TIR) and a conductive interface. Using this result we show that the reflectance in the TIR regime has a larger dependency on the optical conductivity of the conductive layer than the transmittance in the normal incidence regime. This suggests that a TIR prism with a controllable conductive layer such as back-gated graphene could be used to create an efficient terahertz modulator.
Efficient Aerial–Aquatic Locomotion With a Single Propulsion System (2017)

Aerial-aquatic locomotion would allow a broad array of tasks in robot-enabled environmental monitoring or disaster management. One of the most significant challenges of aerial-aquatic locomotion in mobile robots is finding a propulsion system that is capable of working effectively in both fluids and transitioning between them. The large differences in the density and viscosity of air compared to water means that a single direct propulsion system without adaptability will be inefficient in at least one medium. This paper examines multimodal propeller propulsion using computational tools validated against experimental data. Based on this analysis, we present a novel gearbox enabling an aerial propulsion system to operate efficiently underwater. This is achieved with minimal complexity using a single fixed pitch propeller system, which can change gear underwater by reversing the drive motor, but with the gearing arranged to leave the propeller direction unchanged. This system is then integrated into a small robot, and flights in air and locomotion underwater are demonstrated.
Inside Front Cover: Anti‐Lotus Effect for Nanostructuring at the Leidenfrost Temperature (Adv. Mater. 9/2007) (2007)

Abstract The scanning electron microscopy image (tilted, colored) shown on the inside cover depicts a ring of zinc oxide particles. This ring was obtained from a droplet of a highly diluted solution of zinc acetate by overheating on a 250°C hot silicon substrate, a method reported by Rainer Adelung and co‐workers on p. 1262. The overheating creates an explosion, which results in a spray of microscale droplets that form many rings similar to the one shown over a macroscopic substrate surface.
Characterisation of human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes in the Azorean population, Terceira island (2008)

Unlike other epidemiological studies, HPV31 was the most frequent type (26.67%) in Terceira Island, followed by HPV16 (10.00%), HPV51, HPV53, HPV70 and HPV82 (6.67%). Further studies are needed to investigate if the HPV types found in our population are associated with the risk of progression to high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions or cervical cancer.
Sensitivity of Piecewise Control Laws with Respect to Perturbation of the State-Space Partition (2017)

The control design techniques for linear or hybrid systems (e.g. anti-wind up, MPC) lead often to off-line state-space partitions with non-overlapping convex polyhedral regions. This corresponds to a piecewise state feedback control laws associated to polyhedral partition of the state-space. In this work, we consider the perturbation in the representation of the vertices of the polyhedral regions. For such control laws, this problem is of particular interest with respect to the reduced precision representation of the state-space partition. The perturbed state-space partitions might lose one of the important property of the explicit controllers: the "non-overlapping" characterization. We derive a set called vertex sensitivity region to determine the admissible perturbation independently for each vertex of the polyhedral partition. A perturbation is deemed admissible if the non-overlapping property of the polyhedral regions is preserved. In the present work, the analysis of the sensitivity of each vertex is done under the assumption that the rest of the partition remains on the nominal configuration.
Molecular basis of von Willebrand disease type IIB. Candidate mutations cluster in one disulfide loop between proposed platelet glycoprotein Ib binding sequences. (1991)

Many variants of von Willebrand disease (vWD) with qualitatively abnormal von Willebrand factor (vWF) are recognized. In vWD type IIB, the abnormal protein displays enhanced affinity for a platelet vWF receptor, the glycoprotein Ib-IX complex. 14 patients from 7 unrelated families with vWD type IIB were studied to determine the molecular basis for this phenotype. Specific oligonucleotide primers were used to amplify portions of vWF exon 28 encoding a domain that interacts with the platelet glycoprotein Ib-IX complex. Candidate missense mutations were identified for all 14 patients by DNA sequencing, allele specific oligonucleotide hybridization, and restriction endonuclease digestion. These sequence changes occur in an 11 amino acid segment within a single disulfide loop bounded by Cys(509) and Cys(695). All of these sequence changes are C----T transitions within CG dinucleotides. Six patients from two unrelated families were heterozygous for the encoded sequence Arg(543)----Trp. Seven patients from four unrelated families were heterozygous for the encoded sequence Arg(545)----Cys; this sequence change appears to have occurred independently three times, once as a new spontaneous mutation. One patient with apparently sporadic vWD type IIB was heterozygous for the encoded sequence Val(553)----Met, and this appears to be a new mutation. None of these sequence changes was found in 100 normal alleles. These findings suggest that vWD type IIB may be caused by relatively few distinct mutations, that these mutations may cluster within a specific region of one disulfide loop in vWF domain A1, and that this region can modulate the affinity of vWF for the platelet glycoprotein Ib-IX complex.
Supplementary Data 3 from Prostate Cancer in World Trade Center Responders Demonstrates Evidence of an Inflammatory Cascade (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Differentially expressed genes in rat prostates exposed to WTC dusts&lt;/p&gt;
A Four-Resonant-Tunneling-Diode (4RTD) NAND/NOR Logic Gate (2007)

A NAND/NOR logic gate using four resonant-tunneling diodes (RTD's), which is introduced by the analogy of RTD current-voltage characteristics to those of superconducting Josephson junctions (JJ's), has been investigated. The NAND/NOR function is obtained by a simple configuration consisting of four RTD's without using any conventional transistors, such as HEMT's or HBT's. The operation principle is analyzed by a graphical method, and a condition required for a normal logic operation is clarified. A NAND/NOR circuit was fabricated by using an InP technology. The experimental result agrees well with our circuit simulation
Two-Dimensional Comparison of Information Systems in Principal-Agent Models ⁄ (2009)

This paper extends the comparison of information systems in contract theory to a general context with an unobservable outcome and a risk-averse principal. The model examines information systems on two dimensions: (1) incentive-providing and (2) risk-sharing. We first identify the most efficient information systems. Then we develop an extended informativeness criterion for comparison of inclusive information systems, and a MPS-SOSD criterion and a MPS-FOSD criterion for comparison of scalar information systems.
Characterization and quantification of the skin radiance through new digital image analysis (2006)

The questionnaire constructed from this brainstorming session allowed volunteers and experts to judge their perception of skin radiance more precisely. Video imaging appears as an interesting method to quantify visual properties of the skin and to visualize what the consumer perceives of skin radiance. However, the mathematical model proposed from the skin surface parameters analysis does not totally explain the global perception of skin radiance. In the future, it will be necessary to develop new data-processing programs to quantify subjective parameters in order to validate our mathematical model.