gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Perceptual attributes of natural dynamic audiovisual scenes (2014)

This work analyzed the perceptual attributes of natural dynamic audiovisual scenes in two consecutive experiments. First, we presented 30 naive participants with 19 natural scenes depicting urban environments reproduced with an immersive audiovisual display utilizing surrounding visual projections and spatial audio reproduction. The aim was to assess the perceptual dimensionality of natural scenes, and to identify significant perceptual attributes by means of a similarity categorization task and an interview. A two-dimensional perceptual map of the stimulus scenes and perceptual attributes was formed, and the exploratory results show the amount of movement and perceived noisiness of the scene to be the most important perceptual attributes in naturalistically reproduced real-world urban environments. We found the scene gist properties openness and expansion to remain as important factors in scenes with no salient auditory or visual events. Our second experiment was organized with 23 naive participants to assess the modality contributions in three salient perceptual attributes through pairwise unimodal and bimodal scene discrimination tasks with short (< 500 ms) natural scene exposures. The chosen attributes were movement, noisiness and openness. Both visual and auditory information were found to affect scene discrimination in all the attributes, and bimodal discrimination was found superior to either of the unimodal accuracies in most cases. We propose that the study of natural scene perception should move forward to understand better the processes behind multimodal scene processing in real-world environments. The stimulus scenes are available as a public database of spherical video recordings and A-format audio recordings.
Coal desulfurization by a microwave process (1981)

A laboratory size flow reactor was developed and tested on coal samples up to 100 g/batch. A modified version of the applicator will increase sample size to 1000 g; when run continuously it can handle 500 g to 1000 g/minute. Recent measurements on typical 1/4 in. size (particle size) coal has validated previous results which show up to 50% sulfur removal mainly by converting pyrite to FeS which is shown to have strong magnetic properties and the spectral characteristics of pyrrhotite. Subsequent crushing and physical separation steps such as float sink or magnetic separation further reduces the sulfur level (and more effectively than conventional separation). Crushing of coal (to 30 to 100 mesh) and further exposure to the microwave field can further reduce the total sulfur level. An 80% to 90% removal is possible with the proper concentration of NaOH and/or multiple exposures. Results are presented for several important Pennsylvania and Kentucky coals. The results evaluated in terms of pounds of sulfur per 10/sup 6/ Btu suggest that this method had the potential of meeting environmental requirements.
Method to separate and determine the amount of ejecta produced in a second-shock material-fragmentation event (2007)

The authors consider a mathematical method to separate and determine the amount of ejecta produced in a second-shock material-fragmentation process. The technique is theoretical and assumes that a material undergoing a shock release at a vacuum interface ejects particulate material or fragments as the initial shock unloads and reflects at the vacuum-surface interface. In this case it is thought that the reflected shock may reflect again at the source of the shock and return to the vacuum-surface interface and eject another amount of fragments or particulate material.
Defining user-generated services in a semantically-enabled mobile platform (2010)

Mobile computing enables end-users not only to access and consume information on-the-go but also to act as service and content providers. With the right tools, end-users can create small services on their mobiles and share valuable and context-aware information with others.
Changes in the three-dimensional microstructure of human tibial cancellous bone in early osteoarthritis (2003)

We obtained medial and lateral subchondral cancellous bone specimens from ten human post-mortem proximal tibiae with early osteoarthritis (OA) and ten normal age- and gender-matched proximal tibiae. The specimens were scanned by micro-CT and the three-dimensional microstructural properties were quantified. Medial OA cancellous bone was significantly thicker and markedly plate-like, but lower in mechanical properties than normal bone. Similar microstructural changes were also observed for the lateral specimens from OA bone, although there had been no sign of cartilage damage. The increased trabecular thickness and density, but relatively decreased connectivity suggest a mechanism of bone remodelling in early OA as a process of filling trabecular cavities. This process leads to a progressive change of trabeculae from rod-like to plate-like, the opposite to that of normal ageing. The decreased mechanical properties of subchondral cancellous bone in OA, which are due to deterioration in architecture and density, indicate poor bone quality.
Device-dependent activity estimation and decay correction of radionuclide mixtures with application to Tc-94m PET studies (2001)

Multi-instrument activity estimation and decay correction techniques were developed for radionuclide mixtures, motivated by the desire for accurate quantitation of Tc-94m positron emission tomography (PET) studies. Tc-94m and byproduct Tc isotopes were produced by proton irradiation of enriched Mo-94 and natural Mo targets. Mixture activities at the end of bombardment were determined with a calibrated high purity germanium detector. The activity fractions of the greatest mixture impurities relative to 100% for Tc-94m averaged 10.0% (Tc-94g) and 3.3% (Tc-93) for enriched targets and 10.1% (Tc-94g), 11.0% (Tc-95), 255.8% (Tc-96m), and 7.2% (Tc-99m) for natural targets. These radioisotopes have different half-lives (e.g., 52.5 min for Tc-94m, 293 min for Tc-94g), positron branching ratios (e.g., 0.72 for Tc-94m, 0.11 for Tc-94g) and gamma ray emissions for themselves and their short-lived, excited Mo daughters. This complicates estimation of injected activity with a dose calibrator, in vivo activity with PET and blood sample activity with a gamma counter. Decay correction using only the Tc-94m half-life overestimates activity and is inadequate. For this reason analytic formulas for activity estimation and decay correction of radionuclide mixtures were developed. Isotope-dependent sensitivity factors for a PET scanner, dose calibrator, and gamma counter were determined using theoretical sensitivity models and fits of experimental decay curves to sums of exponentials with fixed decay rates. For up to 8 h after the end of bombardment with activity from enriched and natural Mo targets, decay-corrected activities were within 3% of the mean for three PET studies of a uniform cylinder, within 3% of the mean for six dose calibrator decay studies, and within 6% of the mean for four gamma counter decay studies. Activity estimation and decay correction for Tc-94m mixtures enable routine use of Tc-94m in quantitative PET, as illustrated by application to a canine Tc-94m sestamibi study.
Scattering of helium and deuterium from single−crystal Pt(111) compared from two different laboratories (1975)

The angular distrubutions of scattered beams of helium and deuterium from platinum (111) surfaces which are obtained by two different laboratories using different techniques are compared. A basis for quantitative comparison of such inter−laboratory results is proposed.(AIP)
Ras-responsiveness of the HIV-1 LTR requires RBF-1 and RBF-2 binding sites. (1996)

Lentiviruses characteristically form latent integrated proviruses whose transcription can be induced by cell regulatory signals. The HIV-1 LTR responds to multiple signals, including the Ras pathway. We report here that Ras-responsive HIV-1 transcription requires two previously undescribed factors, RBF-1 and RBF-2 in Jurkat T cells. RBF-1 binds to Ets-like motifs located between nucleotides -151 and -142, and within the NF-kappaB binding sites, but is distinct from Ets-1 or Elf-1. RBF-2 binds the HIV-1 LTR at nucleotides -131 and -121 and immediately 3' of the TATA box. Both RBF-1 and RBF-2 contain DNA binding subunits of relative molecular weight 100 kilodaltons. Mutation of the RBF-1 and RBF-2 binding elements (RBEs) prevents Ras stimulation of HIV-1 LTR-directed transcription. These data define a mechanism for Ras responsiveness of HIV-1 transcription that involves the previously uncharacterized factors RBF-1 and RBF-2.
Quilmesaurus curriei Coria, 2001 (Dinosauria, Theropoda). Its taxonomic validity and phylogenetic relationships (2007)

Quilmesaurus curriei Coria, 2001 (Dinosauria, Theropoda). Its taxonomic validity and phylogenetic relationships. A comparative analysis of the Cretaceous theropod Quilmesaurus curriei from the Río Negro province, Patagonia, Argentina was performed in order to elucidate its phylogenetic relationships. Quilmesaurus was considered as basal Tetanurae by Coria (2001), however, Kellner &amp; Campos (2002) suggested that this theropod could be a possible Abelisauria. In our analysis, we observed that the lack of fusion of the tibia with the astragalus- calcaneum is not an exclusive character for Ceratosauria; moreover, the mediodistal crest of femur is commonly well developed in Abelisauroidea. The great development of the distally expanded cnemial crest and the asymmetrical distal end of the tibia are characteristics of Abelisauridae. Finally, other characters like a distally directed process at the end of the cnemial crest and the asymmetry in the origin of the expansion of the malleolii in distal tibia are regarded as synapomorphies of Carnotaurinae. Therefore, Quilmesaurus curriei is considered to belong to Abelisauridae, and it is possibly a member of Carnotaurinae. On the basis of the available evidence, it is not possible to identify autapomorphic characters that allow validating Quilmesaurus curriei, and for this reason we consider it as a nomen vanum.
Sagittal Spinal Balance After Lumbar Spinal Fusion (2010)

Udgivelsesdato: 2010-Aug-5
AN EFFICIENCY FUNCTION FOR RATING MECHANICAL SCAN-TRACK RADARS (1965)

Abstract : A function, (P sub d), introduced in ESD-TDR-63-292, is derived as a measure of effectiveness in rating certain mechanical scan-track radar configurations in the joint performance two operational requirements. These are: (1) confirmation, i.e., acquisition and tracking of objects (missiles and/ or satellites) detected by collocated surveillance radars, and (2) scanning, i. e., providing additional surveillance coverage for a missile threat in a sector not searched by the collocated surveillance radars. We are mainly interested in the application of the P sub d function to the problems of selecting a radar for BMEWS Site II service. It is thought, however, that the function would be of general interest to others with similar problems of selection under joint operating constraints.
Laser capture microscopy (2000)

Human tissues are composed of complex admixtures of different cell types and their biologically meaningful analysis necessitates the procurement of pure samples of the cells of interest. Many approaches have been used in attempts to overcome this difficulty, including a variety of microdissection methods. This review concerns a recent advance in microdissection techniques, namely laser capture microdissection (LCM). The principle underlying this technique is outlined, and practical issues pertaining to LCM are considered. In addition, the literature relating to LCM is reviewed, with examples of research applications of this technique being outlined.
Polymeric Nanocomposites—Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes (POSS) as Hybrid Nanofiller (2004)

Abstract Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS), a hybrid nanostructured macromer has been used in the last decade for preparation of polymeric nanocomposites. Its versatile chemistry, which lends it for almost infinite chemical modification, sets it apart from other nanostructured fillers like nanoclays, carbon nanotubes, and carbon nanofibers. Depending on its functionality, 3‐D network, bead or pendant type‐POSS based polymeric nanocomposites can be synthesized. These have the potential to be designed for products with specific nanostructures for specific end‐use applications. This article discusses the trends in current research involving use of POSS macromers for modification of mainly thermal and viscoelastic properties of various polymers.
CSTP1, a Novel Protein Phosphatase, Blocks Cell Cycle, Promotes Cell Apoptosis, and Suppresses Tumor Growth of Bladder Cancer by Directly Dephosphorylating Akt at Ser473 Site (2013)

Akt/protein kinase B is a pivotal component downstream of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway, whose activity regulates the balance between cell survival and apoptosis. Phosphorylation of Akt occurs at two key sites either at Thr308 site in the activation loop or at Ser473 site in the hydrophobic motif. The phosphorylated form of Akt (pAkt) is activated to promote cell survival. The mechanisms of pAkt dephosphorylation and how the signal transduction of Akt pathway is terminated are still largely unknown. In this study, we identified a novel protein phosphatase CSTP1(complete s transactivated protein 1), which interacts and dephosphorylates Akt specifically at Ser473 site in vivo and in vitro, blocks cell cycle progression and promotes cell apoptosis. The effects of CSTP1 on cell survival and cell cycle were abrogated by depletion of phosphatase domain of CSTP1 or by expression of a constitutively active form of Akt (S473D), suggesting Ser473 site of Akt as a primary cellular target of CSTP1. Expression profile analysis showed that CSTP1 expression is selectively down-regulated in non-invasive bladder cancer tissues and over-expression of CSTP1 suppressed the size of tumors in nude mice. Kaplan-Meier curves revealed that decreased expression of CSTP1 implicated significantly reduced recurrence-free survival in patients suffered from non-invasive bladder cancers.
Internal Organizational Measurement for Control of Magnetorheological Fluid Properties (2006)

Magnetorheological (MR) fluids change their physical properties when subjected to a magnetic field. As this change occurs, the specific values of the physical properties are a function of the fluid’s time-varying organization state. This results in a nonlinear, hysteretic, time-varying fluid property response to direct magnetic field excitation. Permeability, resistivity and permittivity changes of MR fluid were investigated and their suitability to indicate the organizational state of the fluid, and thus other transport properties, was determined. High sensitivity of permittivity and resistivity to particle organization and applied field was studied experimentally. The measurable effect of these material properties can be used to implement an MR fluid state sensor.
Inhibition of the Oxygen-Sensing Asparaginyl Hydroxylase Factor Inhibiting Hypoxia-Inducible Factor: A Potential Hypoxia Response Modulating Strategy (2021)

Factor inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor (FIH) is a JmjC domain 2-oxogluarate and Fe(II)-dependent oxygenase that catalyzes hydroxylation of specific asparagines in the C-terminal transcriptional activation domain of hypoxia-inducible factor alpha (HIF-α) isoforms. This modification suppresses the transcriptional activity of HIF by reducing its interaction with the transcriptional coactivators p300/CBP. By contrast with inhibition of the HIF prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs), inhibitors of FIH, which accepts multiple non-HIF substrates, are less studied; they are of interest due to their potential ability to alter metabolism (either in a HIF-dependent and/or -independent manner) and, provided HIF is upregulated, to modulate the course of the HIF-mediated hypoxic response. Here we review studies on the mechanism and inhibition of FIH. We discuss proposed biological roles of FIH including its regulation of HIF activity and potential roles of FIH-catalyzed oxidation of non-HIF substrates. We highlight potential therapeutic applications of FIH inhibitors.
Impact of Donor, Technical, and Recipient Risk Factors on Survival and Quality of Life After Liver Transplantation (2005)

Combining advanced donor age, urgent status, and prolonged CIT adversely affects graft and patient survival, and the cumulative effects of these risk factors can be modeled to predict posttransplant survival.
DNA copy number changes associated with characteristic LOH in islet cell carcinomas of transgenic mice (1997)

Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) provides a method of surveying the entire tumor genome for regional variations in DNA sequence copy number. Such variations, if found recurrently, may indicate the locations of genes that contribute to tumor development through upregulation of oncogenes (copy number increase), inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes (copy number decrease), or changes in the level of expression through gene dosage effects. Thus, CGH is a powerful tool for screening for new cancer genes. Although CGH is widely applied to human genome analysis, application to the mouse is only beginning. The present study is designed to compare results obtained by CGH with those obtained by other techniques used for analysis of the murine genome. We report CGH analysis of several control cell lines with cytogenetically established regional copy number changes, as well as analysis of 16 primary insulinomas, four tumor-derived cell lines, and three hyperplasia-derived cell lines from transgenic mice expressing the SV40 large T antigen under control of the rat insulin promoter. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosomes 9 and 16 had previously been found to be frequent in primary insulinomas, and specimens were selected for the present study based on the LOH status of these chromosomes. We found complete concordance of the CGH results with the cytogenetically described copy number changes in the control cell lines and with the LOH on chromosomes 9 and 16 in the tumors. Thus, CGH can provide accurate data in murine systems, and it reveals that the LOH in these islet cell tumors most frequently results from deletion of one of the alleles. Genes Chromosom. Cancer 19:104–111, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Ptychography & lensless X-ray imaging (2008)

If an object is illuminated with coherent electromagnetic radiation, e.g., by visible laser light or highly brilliant x-rays, a diffraction pattern is formed in the Fraunhofer far field that is related via a Fourier transform to the optical transmission function of the object.The aim of coherent diffractive imaging (CDI), or so-called lensless imaging, is to directly reconstruct the original optical transmission function of the specimen from its measured diffraction pattern. In principle, CDI allows one to obtain a resolution that is ultimately limited only by the wavelength of the radiation used and not by the quality of optical lenses. In xray microscopy, for instance, the resolution is presently limited to several tens of nanometres because of difficulties in manufacturing efficient high-quality nano-structured x-ray optical elements. Since CDI schemes allow the resolution to be increased beyond these limits they are among the most promising techniques for x-ray imaging applications in life and materials sciences on the nanometre scale.
Antireflective moth-eye structures on curved surfaces fabricated by nanoimprint lithography (2019)

In this work, we describe an effective and simple method for surface patterning of 3D objects with antireflective moth-eye structures via UV based nanoimprint lithography using soft stamps. So-called anti-reflective moth-eye structures are subwavelength nanostructures that can reduce the reflection of surfaces over the entire visible spectrum of light. Such broadband antireflective coatings are especially interesting for optical elements like lenses.
Hahellaceae fam. nov. (2015)

Ha. hel.la' ce.ae. M.L. fem. n. Hahella type genus of the family; -aceae ending to denote family; M.L. fem. pl. n. Hahellaceae the Hahella family. Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Oceanospirillales / Hahellaceae
Expression and cellular localization of tissue kallikrein-kinin system in human adrenal gland (1996)

The tissue kallikrein-kinin system has been implicated in regulating blood pressure and electrolyte homeostasis. To understand the function of this system, we identified the expression and cellular localization of its components including tissue kallikrein, kallistatin, kininogen, and bradykinin B1 and B2 receptors in human adrenal gland. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction followed by Southern blot analysis showed that these five components of this system were all expressed in human adrenal gland. In situ hybridization histochemistry with respective digoxigenin-labeled antisense riboprobes revealed localization of kallikrein transcript throughout the adrenal cortex and medulla except the zona glomerulosa, whereas kallistatin mRNA was only localized in the zona fasciculata. Low-molecular-weight kininogen and B2 receptor mRNAs were colocalized in the zona glomerulosa and zona fasciculata and also in the zona reticularis and chromaffin cells but to a lesser degree. The B1 receptor mRNA was stained in the zona fasciculata and medulla. These results show the expression and differential colocalization of the components of the tissue kallikrein-kinin system and reveal the potential action sites of this system in the adrenal gland.
Influence of Aging Products on Tensile Deformation Behavior of Al-0.62 mass%Mg-0.32 mass%Si Alloy (2015)

Tensile tests and microstructural observations were carried out to investigate the influence of aging products on tensile deformation behavior of Al-0.62 mass%Mg-0.32 mass%Si alloy. Solution-treated alloys were aged to form needle-like β″ precipitates or Mg-Si clusters. The aged alloy with β″ precipitates showed higher yield stress than that with Mg-Si clusters. Transmission electron microscopy observations revealed that the β″ precipitates pinned dislocations. It was suggested that the strengthening types of the alloy with β″ precipitates were both Orowan and cutting mechanism, by estimating the Orowan stress and considering crystal structure of β″ precipitates. In contrast, the aged alloys with Mg-Si clusters showed excellent performance of uniform elongation due to large work hardening compared to those of the alloy with β″ precipitates. Dislocations in the alloy with Mg-Si clusters were wavy in morphology. The yield stress of the alloy with Mg-Si clusters was higher than that of the solution-treated alloy and much lower than the estimated Orowan stress. This result indicated that the cutting mechanism was the main strengthening type of the aged alloy with Mg-Si clusters, and this strengthening mechanism gave a good balance of strength and elongation.
Alemtuzumab (2005)

Alemtuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody against CD52, a small glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored glycoprotein that is highly expressed on normal T- and B-lymphocytes, and on a large proportion of malignant lymphoid cells, but not on hematopoietic progenitor cells. Over the past several years, a number of clinical trials have demonstrated the clinical activity of alemtuzumab in treating patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, T-cell malignancies such as T-prolymphocytic leukemia and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, as well as in the prevention and therapy of graft-versus-host disease in the setting of allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Its application in a number of autoimmune disorders is currently under investigation. The most significant side effect of alemtuzumab is predisposition to infections related to the associated profound lymphopenia. Despite this, and with appropriate and more effective antibiotic prophylaxis, it is likely that we will witness an expansion of the role of alemtuzumab in the future.