gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measurement of the anomalous phase velocity of ballistic light in a random medium by use of a novel interferometer (2001)

Ballistic light, i.e., radiation that propagates undeflected through a turbid medium, undergoes a small change in phase velocity and exhibits unusual dispersion because of its wave nature. We use a novel highly sensitive differential phase optical interferometer to study these previously unmeasurable phenomena. We find that ballistic propagation can be classified into three regimes based on the wavelength-to-size ratio. In the regime in which the scatterer size is comparable with the wavelength, there is an anomalous phase-velocity increase as a result of adding scatterers of higher refractive index. We also observe an anomaly in the relative phase velocity, where red light is slowed more than blue light even though the added scatterers are made of material with normal dispersion.
Ten complexes constructed by two reduced Schiff base tetraazamacrocycle ligands: syntheses, structures, magnetic and luminescent properties (2013)

Ten new complexes, [Cu2(L1)(NO3)2]·2H2O (1), [Cu4(L1)2]·4ClO4·H2O (2), [Cu2(L1)(H2O)2]·(adipate) (3), [Cu6(L1)2(m-bdc)4]·2DMF·5H2O (4), [Cu2(L1)(Hbtc)]·5H2O (5), [Cu2(L1)(H2O)2]·(ntc)·3H2O (6), [Co2(L2)]·[Co(MeOH)4(H2O)2] (7), [Co3(L2)(EtOH)(H2O)] (8), [Ni6(L2)2(H2O)4]·H2O (9) and [Zn4(L2)(OAc)2]·0.5H2O (10), have been synthesized. 1 displays a [Cu2(L1)(NO3)2] monomolecular structure. 2 shows a supramolecular chain including [Cu2L1]2+. In 3, two Cu(II) ions are connected by L1 to form a [Cu2(L1)(H2O)2]2+ cation. In 4, the m-bdc anions bridge Cu(II) ions and L1 anions to form a layer. Both 5 and 6 display 3-D supramolecular structures. 7 consists of both [Co2L2]2− and [Co(MeOH)4(H2O)2]2+ units. 8 and 9 show infinite chain structures. In 10, Zn(II) dimers are linked by L2 to generate a 3-D framework. The magnetic properties for 4 and 8 and the luminescent property for 10 have been studied.
Numerical Simulation of Shale Gas Reservoir Considering Startup Pressure Gradient (2012)

Shale gas is a very important unconventional energy and its seepage principle and development have obtained more and more attention.Established is a mathematical model for double porosity medium shale gas reservoir according to shale gas seepage mechanism,gas adsorption and desorption characteristics,seepage theory and principle of conservation of mass.Based on start-up pressure gradient and isothermal adsorption principles,finite difference method is applied to obtain a numerical model.Prepared is a corresponding program to solve the numerical model.Analyzed are effects of the start-up pressure gradient,geometrical factors,reserve/volume ratio,Langmuir pressure and Langmuir volume on bottom hole pressure changes.The results show that the dual medium model can accurately describe the desorption process of the adsorbed gas in reservoir stratum,fluid channeling process between matrix system and crack system.Formation parameters analysis and indoor experiments can be used to obtain indirectly Langmuir pressure and Langmuir volume in shale gas reservoir desorption process,which is very important to bottom hole pressure analysis and productivity prediction.
Techniques for Suppression of Raman and EDFA Gain Transients in Dynamically Switched Transparent Photonic Networks (2002)

We report on Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS) penalties in transparent optical networks limiting the dynamic system performance if conventional control schemes are applied. A new method for minimizing transient WDM system failures is proposed.
Real-time recognition device using spatial light modulators (2002)

The authors propose a real-time recognition device using a CGH (computer-generated hologram) and an LCD (liquid crystal display). It has high speed due to optical parallel processing, and has flexibility so that the contents of the recognition can be easily changed. It is shown experimentally that the optical correlator, i.e., the subsystem of the proposed device which has the CGH and LCD, can be realized. To use the optical correlator for machine vision, however, rotation and scale invariance of objects is needed. For this purpose the authors discuss the lnr- theta coordinate transformation which results in rotation and scale invariance. It is verified by computer simulation that the proposed device can recognize objects without regard to the scale and rotation variance of objects.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Development of Optically Pure Pyrethroid-Like Fluorescent Substrates for Carboxylesterases (2005)

Pyrethroids are now the world's most extensively used insecticides. One of the common metabolic routes of pyrethroid insecticides in living systems is hydrolysis by carboxylesterases, and this hydrolysis may be stereospecific since most pyrethroid insecticides have chiral centers. In previous studies, pyrethroid-like fluorescent substrates have been shown to be hydrolyzed in a fashion similar to actual pyrethroids. It is important to synthesize the stereoisomers of pyrethroid-like fluorescent substrates to study the stereointeraction between carboxylesterases and these substrates. In this study, an effective synthetic method for preparing optically enriched (R)- and (S)-alpha-2-hydroxy-2-(6-methoxy-2-naphthyl)acetonitrile was developed. With this alcohol, an efficient synthetic route for preparation of optically pure cypermethrin and fenvalerate analogues was provided. Identification of these stereoisomers was determined based on GC, HPLC, 1H NMR, and X-ray crystallography. In addition, stereointeraction between carboxylesterases and chiral fluorescent substrates indicated that (i) stereospecificity of recombinant mouse liver carboxylesterases (NCBI accession nos. BAC36707 and NM_133960) varied significantly (up to 300-fold difference) with different stereoisomers of cypermethrin and fenvalerate analogues; (ii) on the basis of Vmax, the sensitivity of this analytical method, using a single stereoisomer of cypermethrin analogues instead of a mixture of eight stereosiomers, could be enhanced by 4-6 times for detection of these carboxylesterases; and (iii) possible usage of these carboxylesterases for chiral synthesis is discussed.
Nanophotonic waveguides in silicon-on-insulator fabricated with CMOS technology (2005)

High-index-contrast, wavelength-scale structures are key to ultracompact integration of photonic integrated circuits. The fabrication of these nanophotonic structures in silicon-on-insulator using complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor processing techniques, including deep ultraviolet lithography, was studied. It is concluded that this technology is capable of commercially manufacturing nanophotonic integrated circuits. The possibilities of photonic wires and photonic-crystal waveguides for photonic integration are compared. It is shown that, with similar fabrication techniques, photonic wires perform at least an order of magnitude better than photonic-crystal waveguides with respect to propagation losses. Measurements indicate propagation losses as low as 0.24 dB/mm for photonic wires but 7.5 dB/mm for photonic-crystal waveguides.
Polarization-independent on-axis light coupler for surface plasmon resonance using a concentric chirped grating (2011)

A novel on-axis one-element polarization-independent light in- and out-coupling mechanism for surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is proposed. The system utilizes an integrated high-NA concentric chirped grating to both focus the incident light on the metallic film and collimate the reflected beam onto a CCD array to extract the SPR signal. With NA up to 1.47, a broad sensing dynamic range from n=1 to 1.35 can be achieved. An analytical model is implemented to demonstrate the dependency of the radial location of the resonances on the detecting substance and its sensitivity to the change of the refractive index. The model shows a trend similar to rigorous ray-tracing calculations.
Topical Minoxidil in the Treatment of Male Erectile Dysfunction (1994)

Topically applied 2% minoxidil solution has been reported to increase diameter, rigidity and arterial flow to the penis. As a result it has been suggested as a possible treatment for erectile dysfunction. A total of 21 patients received 2% minoxidil for treatment of erectile dysfunction with instructions to apply 1 cc of the solution slowly over the glans penis 20 minutes before intercourse. Average patient age was 52.5 years (range 29 to 65 years). The etiology of the impotence was neurogenic in 8 patients, vascular in 7, psychogenic in 4 and other causes in 2. Two patients also had clinical evidence of venous incompetence and 4 were diabetics. One patient with psychogenic impotence noticed improvement in the duration of erection but no increase in rigidity or size after minoxidil application. One patient with impotence after excision of a Peyronie's plaque reported a rigid erection adequate for intercourse after using minoxidil. This patient subsequently was able to achieve erections without using minoxidil. The remaining 19 patients had no improvement in erectile rigidity, or the ability to obtain or maintain an erection. One patient did notice some mild burning on the glans penis after applying the minoxidil. No other side effects were noted in any patient. These results indicate that 2% topical minoxidil solution is not effective when applied to the penis in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. It is possible that a higher concentration, a different delivery medium or a different chemical composition may yield better results.
Backward cortical projections to primary somatosensory cortex in rats extend long horizontal axons in layer I (1998)

We have studied the origin and extent of axons within layer I of the primary somatosensory cortex (SI) of rats by using retrograde and anterograde tracers with an emphasis on reciprocal connections to layer I of SI from ipsilateral cortical areas that are the target of SI projections. Small crystals of 1,1',dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethyl-indocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI) labeled horizontal axons projecting in all directions within layer I, which extended for up to 4 mm with numerous terminal branches. Applications of horseradish peroxidase, Diamidino yellow, or fast blue to the pial surface of SI labeled a characteristic pattern of neurons below the application site that excluded neurons in layer IV of the barrel fields, unless the dye penetrated deeper than layer II. This provided a control for the effective depth of the layer I dye applications. Retrograde transport from layer I of SI was traced to the primary motor area, the lateral parietal areas, including the secondary somatosensory (SII) and agranular insular cortex ipsilaterally, as well as the homotopic areas of SI contralaterally. Injections of the anterograde tracer dextran amine at the same site as the SI surface application labeled dense fiber terminations in middle layers of these same secondary areas in the primary motor cortex (MI) or SII in the midst of cells labeled by retrograde transport from layer I of SI. Injections of dextran amine into these secondary cortical areas labeled fibers that coursed through deep layers to SI, where they ascended to layer I. These reciprocal corticocortical inputs to SI were concentrated in layer I, where they branched and extended horizontally across several SI barrels.
Expert consensus document: The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of prebiotics (2017)

In December 2016, a panel of experts in microbiology, nutrition and clinical research was convened by the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics to review the definition and scope of prebiotics. Consistent with the original embodiment of prebiotics, but aware of the latest scientific and clinical developments, the panel updated the definition of a prebiotic: a substrate that is selectively utilized by host microorganisms conferring a health benefit. This definition expands the concept of prebiotics to possibly include non-carbohydrate substances, applications to body sites other than the gastrointestinal tract, and diverse categories other than food. The requirement for selective microbiota-mediated mechanisms was retained. Beneficial health effects must be documented for a substance to be considered a prebiotic. The consensus definition applies also to prebiotics for use by animals, in which microbiota-focused strategies to maintain health and prevent disease is as relevant as for humans. Ultimately, the goal of this Consensus Statement is to engender appropriate use of the term 'prebiotic' by relevant stakeholders so that consistency and clarity can be achieved in research reports, product marketing and regulatory oversight of the category. To this end, we have reviewed several aspects of prebiotic science including its development, health benefits and legislation.
Combination of omalizumab and specific immunotherapy is superior to immunotherapy in patients with seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and co‐morbid seasonal allergic asthma (2008)

Combination of omalizumab with SIT for treatment of patients with SAR and co-morbid SAA was safe and reduced the symptom load in a statistically significant and clinically meaningful manner.
Topical glaucoma medications – Clinical implications for the ocular surface (2022)

Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness. The use of topical eye drops to reduce intraocular pressure remains the mainstay treatment. These eye drops frequently contain preservatives designed to ensure sterility of the compound. A growing number of clinical and experimental studies report the detrimental effects of not only these preservatives but also the active pharmaceutical compounds on the ocular surface, with resultant tear film instability and dry eye disease. Herein, we critically appraise the published literature exploring the effects of preservatives and pharmaceutical compounds on the ocular surface.
Anti-Inflammatory Activity in the Low Molecular Weight Fraction of Commercial Human Serum Albumin (LMWF5A) (2015)

The innate immune system is increasingly being recognized as a critical component in osteoarthritis (OA) pathophysiology. An ex vivo immunoassay utilizing human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was developed in order to assess the OA anti-inflammatory properties of the low molecular weight fraction (<5 kDa) of commercial human serum albumin (LMWF5A). PBMC from various donors were pre-incubated with LMWF5A before LPS stimulation. TNFα release was measured by ELISA in supernatants after an overnight incubation. A ≥ 30% decrease in TNFα release was observed. This anti-inflammatory effect is potentially useful in assessing potency of LMWF5A for the treatment of OA.
Data from hTERT Promotes Imatinib Resistance in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cells: Therapeutic Implications (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Imatinib mesylate has shown remarkable efficacy in the treatment of patients in the chronic phase of chronic myeloid leukemia. However, despite an overall significant hematological and cytogenetic response, imatinib therapy may favor the emergence of drug-resistant clones, ultimately leading to relapse. Some imatinib resistance mechanisms had not been fully elucidated yet. In this study we used sensitive and resistant sublines from a Bcr-Abl positive cell line to investigate the putative involvement of telomerase in the promotion of imatinib resistance. We showed that sensitivity to imatinib can be partly restored in imatinib-resistant cells by targeting telomerase expression, either by the introduction of a dominant-negative form of the catalytic protein subunit of the telomerase (hTERT) or by the treatment with all-&lt;i&gt;trans&lt;/i&gt;-retinoic acid, a clinically used drug. Furthermore, we showed that hTERT overexpression favors the development of imatinib resistance through both its antiapoptotic and telomere maintenance functions. Therefore, combining antitelomerase strategies to imatinib treatment at the beginning of the treatment should be promoted to reduce the risk of imatinib resistance development and increase the probability of eradicating the disease. &lt;i&gt;Mol Cancer Ther; 10(5); 711–19. ©2011 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Dynamic response characteristics of a two-wheeled inverted-pendulum transporter (2013)

Two-wheeled inverted pendulums can be used as personal transporters. Their maneuverability and small footprint give them desirable properties for this application. However, they are intrinsically unstable and their dynamic response can be significantly different depending on what type of person is riding the transporter. Therefore, the feedback controller that stabilizes the machine must be robust to these dynamic variations. In this paper, dynamic characteristics of a Segway i2 are investigated. The variation in the dynamic properties as a function of the rider parameters of weight and center of mass height is reported. It is shown that the pitching frequency changes significantly as a function of rider weight and center of mass height.
Highly selective gas separation membrane using in situ amorphised metal–organic frameworks (2017)

Cross-linked amorphous mixed matrix membranes for selective separations of CO<sub>2</sub>/CH<sub>4</sub> mixed-gas feeds.
Multiple turbo codes (2002)

We introduce multiple turbo codes and a suitable decoder structure derived from an approximation to the maximum a posteriori probability (MAP) decision rule, which is substantially different from the decoder for two-code-based encoders. We developed new rate 1/3 and 2/3 constituent codes to be used in the turbo encoder structure. These codes, for 2 to 32 states, are designed by using primitive polynomials. The resulting turbo codes have rates b/n, b=1, 2 and n=3, 4, and include random interleavers for better asymptotic performance. A rate 2/4 code with 16QAM modulation was used to realize a turbo trellis coded modulation (TTCM) scheme at 2 bit/sec/Hz throughput, whose performance is within 1 dB from the Shannon limit at a BER=10/sup -5/.
Investigation on Genetic Representations for Vehicle Routing Problem (2006)

In recent decades, various metaheuristics, such as genetic algorithms (GA), have been proposed to solve the vehicle routing problem (VRP), a well-known class of combinatorial optimization problems. It is generally known that the scheme for genetic representation of the solution albeit the chromosome coding structure, can play a crucial role in GA. Consequently, this may have a profound impact on the algorithm's performance significantly. We propose and study three forms of genetic representations used in a hybrid genetic algorithm for solving the VRP and analyze their influence on the performance of the algorithm. Algorithms with the different solution coding schemes were applied to a test case scenario of supply chain distribution network.
Discussion on moxibustion in treating essential hypertension (2013)

Objective:To investigate the effect of moxibustion treatment of essential hypertension.Methods:160 cases of patients with essential hypertension in Hengyang city community,they were randomly divided into experimental group and control group with 80 cases in each group.The patients of the control group only accepted original antihypertensive drug treatment,moxibustion treatment in experimental group patients while received original antihypertensive drug treatment.Compared the two groups of patients with blood pressure.Results:The experimental group with the moxibustion treatment one month later,systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly lower than the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P0.05).Conclusion:Moxibustion can effective treatment the essential hypertension.
A family of objective function based multi-user detectors for DS/CDMA systems (2002)

The 3/sup rd/ generation cellular mobile and wireless personal communication systems are expected to accommodate not only high quality voice services, but also a broad range of other multi-rate services. Of the various access protocols, wideband code division multiple access (CDMA) has emerged as the key air interface because of its high frequency utilization and suitability for handling multimedia and multi-rate services. We propose a simple, robust and effective objective function based multi-user detection (MUD) receiver. Numerical results over the AWGN and fading channels will show that significant capacity and performance improvement can be achieved compared with the conventional DS/CDMA receiver.
Políticas sociais, "terceiro setor" e "compromisso social": perspectivas e limites do trabalho do psicólogo (2007)

O presente artigo tem por objetivo discutir as possibilidades e os limites do trabalho do psicólogo no campo do bem-estar social/público e no "terceiro setor". É apresentada uma remissão histórica sobre a inserção do psicólogo no campo social, uma revisão conceitual sobre o significado das políticas sociais no capitalismo monopolista como resposta à "questão social", uma discussão sobre o impacto da reforma neoliberal nas políticas sociais no Brasil hoje, incluindo a questão da emergência do "terceiro setor", como contexto para a discussão dos limites do compromisso social do psicólogo.
Multi-target range finder with optical continuous frequency modulation (2006)

This paper presents new results on a scanning wavelength interferometer for absolute distances measurements. We report its performances on one and two simultaneous targets with a Fourier Transform Technique (FTT) and a regular sampling. Then the limitations of the FTT are discussed, especially with regard to the tunable laser source performances. Finally it concludes on the new results acquired by the use of a non-uniform sampling technique which reduces the non-linearities of the sweeping speed and demonstrates a relative uncertainty of some 10<sup>-6</sup> for distances of 0.25 to 1 m.
Exploring Social Networks for Optimized User Association in Wireless Small Cell Networks with Device-to-Device Communications (2016)

In this paper, we propose a novel social network aware approach for user association in wireless small cell networks. The proposed approach exploits social relationships between user equipments (UEs) and their physical proximity to optimize the network throughput. We formulate the problem as a matching game between UEs and their serving nodes (SNs). In our proposed game, the serving node can be a small cell base station (SCBS) or an important node with device-to-device capabilities. In this game, the SCBSs and UEs maximize their respective utility functions capturing both the spatial and social structures of the network. We show that the proposed game belongs to the class of matching games with externalities. Subsequently, we propose a distributed algorithm using which the SCBSs and UEs interact and reach a stable matching. We show the convergence of the proposed algorithm and study the properties of the resulting matching. Simulation results show that the proposed socially-aware user association approach can efficiently offload traffic while yielding a significant gain reaching up to 63% in terms of data rates as compared to the classical (social-unaware) approach.