gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Received signal strength based location estimation of a wireless LAN client (2005)

We consider the problem of identifying the location of a mobile client in an IEEE 802.11b wireless LAN. We propose an estimation algorithm that utilizes received signal strength (RSS) measurements provided by most 802.11b physical layer implementations. In contrast to traditional radio map-based methods that require a burdensome map building phase, the proposed algorithm requires no prior training by employing a probabilistic RSS model that is derived from indoor signal propagation models and the blueprint of the building in which the location estimation system is being deployed. Experimental studies demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed method.
Resistless Microfabrication Of Cu Thin Films On N-Type GaAs By Projection Patterned Excimer Laser Doping (1990)

Resistless microfabrication of Cu thin films on n-type GaAs by projection patterned laser doping using a KrF excimer laser and a SiH4 gas is described. Copper thin films with a linewidth as narrow as 2.35gm are deposited selectively on the doped region by electroplating in a CuSO4 aqueou solution. The resistivity of the deposited Cu films is evaluated to be 2.45x 10° S2cm, which is compared to that of bulk Cu. Using this technique, nonallpyed ohmic contacts can be formed with a specific contact resistance of 2.32x 10a S2 cm 4, which is one-thirtieth of that of the conventional alloyed contacts. The mechanism of Cu film deposition by electroplating is discussed.
Incomplete Wetting of Nanoscale Thin-Film Structures (2003)

With each new generation of integrated circuits and other nanostructured devices produced at ever-decreasing length scales, the extension of liquid-phase processes for the manufacturing of these devices is uncertain. The current work investigates the ability of liquids to wet nanoscale features. A model for wetting time is derived that may be used to identify those geometries for which wetting is critical. Conditions under which wetting time is significant may result in low yield and poor uniformity and may require alternate-phase processing. Furthermore, the dependence of wetting time on the properties of the fluid are quantified so that fluids may be designed to have optimal properties and thus optimal performance. The resulting model can be used as a tool to predict future processing requirements, and when necessary, to design novel processes implementing alternative phase fluids (e.g., vapor, subcritical, and supercritical fluids). © 2003 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Trafficking of the Plasma Membrane γ-Aminobutyric Acid Transporter GAT1 (2005)

Plasma membrane neurotransmitter transporters rapidly traffic to and from the cell surface in neurons. This trafficking may be important in regulating neuronal signaling. Such regulation will be subject to the number of trafficking transporters and their trafficking rates. In the present study, we define an acutely recycling pool of endogenous gamma-aminobutyric acid transporters (GAT1) in cortical neurons that comprises approximately one-third of total cellular GAT1. Kinetic analysis of this pool estimates exocytosis and endocytosis time constants of 1.6 and 0.9 min, respectively, and thus approximately one-third of the recycling pool is plasma membrane resident in the basal state. Recent evidence shows that GAT1 substrates, second messengers, and interacting proteins regulate GAT1 trafficking. These triggers could act by altering trafficking rates or by changing the recycling pool size. In the present study we examine three GAT1 modulators. Calcium depletion decreases GAT1 surface expression by diminishing the recycling pool size. Sucrose increases GAT1 surface expression by blocking clathrin- and dynamin-dependent endocytosis, but it does not change the recycling pool size. Protein kinase C decreases surface GAT1 expression by increasing the endocytosis rate, but it does not change the exocytosis rate or the recycling pool size. Based upon estimates of GAT1 molecules in cortical boutons, the present data suggest that approximately 1000 transporters comprise the acutely recycling pool, of which 300 are on the surface in the basal state, and five transporters insert into the plasma membrane every second. This insertion could represent the fusion of one transporter-containing vesicle.
Thapsigargin inhibits angiogenesis in the rat isolated aorta: studies on the role of intracellular calcium pools (2001)

Since low concentrations of TG deplete intracellular Ca2+ stores, it is concluded that these pools play a central role in mediating angiogenesis.
Apport de l'étude des inclusions fluides intracristallines à la diagénèse, l'anchizone et les minéralisations associées (1989)

Etudes methodologiques concernant l'analyse non destructive des fractions volatiles et des hydrocarbures liquides pieges dans les inclusions fluides par des methodes ponctuelles et non destructives comme la microspectrometrie infra-rouge et raman et la microfluorometrie, et d'autre part la mesure des changements de volume et de composition lors de surchauffes sous pression de confinement dans les inclusions de la fluorine. Les apports originaux des etudes d'inclusions fluides a la connaissance des circulations de fluides dans les bassins sedimentaires et pour la definition des conditions de depot des gites mineraux dans des contextes geologiques differents sont montres. Trois principaux types de solutions peuvent etre definis: les eaux connees de la diagenese faible a moyennement salines; les saumures d'origine diapirique; les solutions qui resultent d'un melange entre eaux connees et solutions hydrothermales
ChemInform Abstract: NUCLEOPHILIC ATTACK BY AMINE NITROGEN ON THE IONIZED CARBOXY GROUP (1979)

Abstract Bei hohem pH cyclisiert das Carboxylat (I) zum Lactam (II).
A Detection Method of Weed in Wheat Field on Machine Vision (2011)

Abstract A method of weed detection based on position and edge feature was studied. Firstly, the plant pixels are separated from soil background using the color difference of green plant and soil. Secondly, according to drilling crops are arranged in rows, this paper use pixel histogram method to select centerline of crop rows and set the centerline as starting point and crop rows edge as ending point, then fill crop area and eliminate crop pixels. Finally, weed detection is completed via the feature that weeds tend to grow in small associations and distribute closely. Experiments show that the algorithm obtains good weed recognition rate.
Hydrogen-based hollow-fiber membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR) for removing oxidized contaminants (2004)

Research with a laboratory prototype and at the pilot scale documents that the hydrogen-based hollow-fiber Membrane-Biofilm Reactor (MBfR) is technically and economically feasible for reduction of nitrate and perchlorate. In the MBfR, H2 gas diffuses through the wall of a composite membrane, and an autotrophic biofilm naturally develops on the outside of the membrane, where the bacteria's electron acceptor is an oxidized contaminant (e.g., NO3− or ClO4−) supplied from the water. The hydrogen pressure to the hollow fibers is a key control parameter that can be adjusted rapidly and easily. For denitrification, partial nitrate removal often is acceptable, and the hydrogen pressure can be low to minimize the costs of H2 supply and the concentration of H2 in the effluent. When perchlorate must be reduced, full nitrate removal is essential, since NO3−-N above about 0.2 mg/L slows perchlorate reduction. Perchlorate reduction is sensitive to the hydrogen pressure, which underscores the critical role of H2 pressure for controlling process performance. Given that H2-oxidizing microorganisms have the potential to reduce many oxidized contaminants, we hypothesize that and are beginning to test how well the MBfR reduces bromate, selenate, chlorinated solvents, and other oxidized contaminants.
Activation-dependent changes in receptor distribution and dendritic morphology in hippocampal neurons expressing P2X 2 -green fluorescent protein receptors (2001)

ATP-gated P2X(2) receptors are widely expressed in neurons, but the cellular effects of receptor activation are unclear. We engineered functional green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged P2X(2) receptors and expressed them in embryonic hippocampal neurons, and report an approach to determining functional and total receptor pool sizes in living cells. ATP application to dendrites caused receptor redistribution and the formation of varicose hot spots of higher P2X(2)-GFP receptor density. Redistribution in dendrites was accompanied by an activation-dependent enhancement of the ATP-evoked current. Substate-specific mutant T18A P2X(2)-GFP receptors showed no redistribution or activation-dependent enhancement of the ATP-evoked current. Thus fluorescent P2X(2)-GFP receptors function normally, can be quantified, and reveal the dynamics of P2X(2) receptor distribution on the seconds time scale.
Synthesis of Block Copolymers of Silicon-Containing Norbornene Derivatives via Living Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization Catalyzed by a Ruthenium Carbene Complex (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of Block Copolymers of Silicon-Containing Norbornene Derivatives via Living Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization Catalyzed by a Ruthenium Carbene ComplexShokyoku Kanaoka and Robert H. GrubbsCite this: Macromolecules 1995, 28, 13, 4707–4713Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00117a050https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00117a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1236Altmetric-Citations116LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Inverse Design of Photonic Topological Insulators with Extra‐Wide Bandgaps (2019)

An intelligent approach for inversely designing topological photonic crystals (PCs) with time‐reversal symmetry (TRS) at any desired frequency is presented. By accurately controlling the frequencies of dipolar and quadrupolar modes, PCs with double Dirac cones and their band inversion are successfully realized through topology optimization. Novel patterns for topological trivial and nontrivial PCs with extra‐wide bandgaps are created for the realization of spin‐locked unidirectional propagation and robust transport of topological edge states. The systematic design reveals the evolution of the geometry of dielectric materials within unit cells of topological trivial and nontrivial PCs from low to high frequencies. Finally, the geometric rules of topological trivial and nontrivial PCs are extracted and analyzed for the ease of design and fabrication.
Magnetic properties of ordered bi-layer nanowire arrays with different Co crystallographic structures (2013)

Cobalt nanowire arrays with varying length were grown by pulse electrochemical route into the pores of alumina template. The structural investigation reveals that at the bottom of the nanowire, it grows with hcp (002) structure up to few hundred nanometer in length and then changes its crystal orientation to hcp (100) phase as it further grows along the wire axis. The variation of measured coercivity and the remanent ratio as a function of nanowire length indicate that each nanowire in array grows with three different segments. The micromagnetic simulations carried out on these structures are then correlated with experimental observations.
Vehicle type detection and passenger satisfaction analysis using smartphone sensors and digital surveys (2019)

Detailed knowledge of passenger context is essential for developing intelligent transportation systems. For example, automated ticket sales and personal routing require more information about used means of transportation than traditional time tables can offer. Here, the authors contribute to this topic by using measurements from smartphone sensors to predict (i) whether a person is inside a bus, (ii) if the person is travelling in a diesel or an electric bus, and (iii) how the person is rating the quality of the bus ride. All three tasks are worked out by using a selection of machine learning (ML) algorithms. In tandem with sensor data, collecting a digital passenger survey was conducted to add passengers' own evaluation of the quality of their bus ride. The tests showed that the context of a passenger can be predicted relatively well. However, the prediction of passenger satisfaction is a complex task that requires further research. This research aims to give a good premise for such efforts.
Rare Variant Pathway Analysis Highlights the Importance of Lysosomal Pathways in Parkinson Disease (P1.049) (2014)

OBJECTIVE:To determine whether the combination of exome variants in pre-defined functional pathways provides evidence for association with Parkinson disease (PD) risk BACKGROUND:Previously, we reported association of several biological pathways (KEGG) with PD risk using GWAS data (based on common, often intergenic or intronic, genomic variants with low risk effects). In contrast, exome variants are enriched for ‘rare risk variants’; these are variants with a low frequency but possible higher risk effect on disease. On average, ~85% of exome variants have a frequency <5%, while ~73% are very rare DESIGN/METHODS:We performed whole exome sequencing in 315 PD patients and 252 controls. Association of sets of variants in pathways/gene groups with PD risk was assessed using the Cochran-Armitage sum/max tests implemented in the RVASSOC program and the Sequence Kernel Association test. Analyzed pathways included 13 top KEGG pathways identified in the previously reported pathway study as well as candidate gene groups ‘mitochondrial’ (MitoCarta) and ‘lysosomal’ genes (Human Lysosome Gene Database), bases on known PD genes functionality. Permutation tests (N=500) on random sets of same-size gene or variant groups were performed to address multiple testing. RESULTS:When including all identified exome variants, we observed no evidence for association for any of the two gene groups or the 13 tested KEGG pathways after permutation tests. However, in the analyses filtered on freuency we observed significant association in the ‘lysosomal’ gene group for both rare variant analyses (<5% and <1%; p<0.001) CONCLUSIONS:Our results indicate that common GWAS variants and rare exome variants tend to aggregate in different functional pathways. In addition, rare variants possibly obstructing normal lysosomal function are significantly contributing to PD. Additional analyses are ongoing to elucidate the observed lysosomal signal in this analysis. Study Supported by:NIND>
Lipid Annotation by Combination of UHPLC-HRMS (MS), Molecular Networking, and Retention Time Prediction: Application to a Lipidomic Study of In Vitro Models of Dry Eye Disease (2020)

Annotation of lipids in untargeted lipidomic analysis remains challenging and a systematic approach needs to be developed to organize important datasets with the help of bioinformatic tools. For this purpose, we combined tandem mass spectrometry-based molecular networking with retention time (t<sub>R</sub>) prediction to annotate phospholipid and sphingolipid species. Sixty-five standard compounds were used to establish the fragmentation rules of each lipid class studied and to define the parameters governing their chromatographic behavior. Molecular networks (MNs) were generated through the GNPS platform using a lipid standards mixture and applied to lipidomic study of an <i>in vitro</i> model of dry eye disease, <i>i.e.</i>, human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells exposed to hyperosmolarity (HO). These MNs led to the annotation of more than 150 unique phospholipid and sphingolipid species in the HCE cells. This annotation was reinforced by comparing theoretical to experimental t<sub>R</sub> values. This lipidomic study highlighted changes in 54 lipids following HO exposure of corneal cells, some of them being involved in inflammatory responses. The MN approach coupled to t<sub>R</sub> prediction thus appears as a suitable and robust tool for the discovery of lipids involved in relevant biological processes.
Characterization of products from the conversion of furanic compounds to hydrocarbons on zeolite using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and gas chromatography/Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (1985)

Products from the conversion of model furanic compounds to hydrocarbons on zeolite ZSM-5 were analyzed using gas chromatography /mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and gas chromatography/Fourier transform infrared (GC/FIIR) spectrometry. The conditions used cover temperatures from 350 to 450 °C and space velocities from 0.5 to 2 LHSV. Major individual compounds were positively identified with both techniques while some minor compounds could be partially identified from the complementary information given by both GC/MS and GC/FfIR.
Overcoming BET Inhibitor Resistance in Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors (2019)

Collectively, MPNST sensitivity to combination genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of BRD4 revealed the presence of a unique addiction to BRD4 in MPNST. Our discovery that a synthetic lethality exists between BET inhibition and reduced BRD4 protein levels nominates MPNST for the investigation of emerging therapeutic interventions such as proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) that simultaneously target bromodomain activity and BET protein abundance.
Effective document clustering for large heterogeneous law firm collections (2005)

Computational resources for research in legal environments have historically implied remote access to large databases of legal documents such as case law, statutes, law reviews and administrative materials. Today, by contrast, there exists enormous growth in lawyers' electronic work product within these environments, specifically within law firms. Along with this growth has come the need for accelerated knowledge management---automated assistance in organizing, analyzing, retrieving and presenting this content in a useful and distributed manner.In cases where a relevant legal taxonomy is available, together with representative labeled data, automated text classification tools can be applied. In the absence of these resources, document clustering offers an alternative approach to organizing collections, and an adjunct to search.To explore this approach further, we have conducted sets of successively more complex clustering experiments using primary and secondary law documents as well as actual law firm data. Tests were run to determine the efficiency and effectiveness of a number of essential clustering functions. After examining the performance of traditional or hard clustering applications, we investigate soft clustering (multiple cluster assignments) as well as hierarchical clustering. We show how these latter clustering approaches are effective, in terms of both internal and external quality measures, and useful to legal researchers. Moreover, such techniques can ultimately assist in the automatic or semi-automatic generation of taxonomies for subsequent use by classification programs.
Modeling human walking as an inverted pendulum of varying length (2004)

Dh the total horizontal distance traveled by the mass during one swing of the inverted pendulum, i.e., the step length
MEIS and ToF‐SIMS analyses of organic ultrathin films for absolute quantification of functional groups (2010)

Abstract Complementary use of medium‐energy ion‐scattering spectroscopy (MEIS) and time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS) analyses was proposed as a new methodology for absolute quantification of functional groups in organic ultrathin films. First, MEIS analysis was used to determine the absolute areal densities of Ru dye molecules in organic ultrathin films, which were made by spin coating Ru 535‐bis TBA (C 58 H 86 O 8 N 8 S 2 Ru) solutions with varying concentrations. The thicknesses of the films were less than 2 nm each and the densities of these ultrathin layers were linearly correlated with the solution concentrations. The determined absolute areal densities of the Ru organic molecules were then used to calculate the areal densities of the stoichiometric functional groups. Secondly, the ToF‐SIMS intensities of the characteristic peaks such as Ru + , C 16 H 35 N + , CO 2 − , CSN − , CSNRu − , etc, associated with the functional groups of a Ru 535‐bis TBA molecule were correlated by the densities of the Ru organic molecules. Our results show that the correlation curves obtained through the complementary use of MEIS and ToF‐SIMS techniques could be useful to quantify functional groups on organic ultrathin films. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Stahlguss im Bauwesen (2015)

Abstract Beim Einsatz von Stahlguss muss der Tragwerksplaner schon in der Entwurfs‐ und Planungsphase die innere Beschaffenheit eines Bauteils festlegen, da diese den rechnerisch ansetzbaren Bauteilwiderstand direkt beeinflusst. Aufgrund unzureichender normativer Regelung fehlt jedoch eine Entscheidungsgrundlage, sodass aus technischen Gesichtspunkten oftmals eine zu hohe Gütestufe verlangt wird, die die Herstellungskosten erhöht. Im Rahmen eines aktuellen Forschungsprojekts an der Versuchsanstalt für Stahl, Holz und Steine des Karlsruher Instituts für Technologie soll die Grundlage für die Erweiterung der bestehenden Regelwerke auf Basis experimenteller und numerischer Untersuchungen geschaffen werden. Ziel ist die Erarbeitung einer Bemessungsgrundlage, die den direkten Zusammenhang zwischen Ausnutzungsgrad, Bauteildicke und benötigter Gütestufe herstellt. Dieser Beitrag rezensiert den aktuellen Stand der technischen Baubestimmungen und gibt einen Überblick über den Stand der bisherigen Arbeiten im Forschungsprojekt. Cast steel in civil engineering. The structural engineer already has to determine during the design and planning phase the internal condition of a component by using cast steel, because it directly influences the mathematically calculated component resistance. However, due to insufficiently normative regulations a basis for decisions lacks, so that from technical aspects a too high quality grade is often demanded that increases manufacturing costs. Within the scope of a current research project at the Research Center for Steel, Timber and Masonry at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany, a foundation for an expansion of the existing regulations based on experimental and numerical investigations is to be provided. The aim is the development of an assessment base that establishes the direct relation between stress ratio, thickness of component and required quality grade. This contribution reviews the current status of the technical building regulations and gives an overview of the status of the work in the research project carried out so far.