gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chirp characteristics of 40-gb/s directly Modulated distributed-feedback laser diodes (2005)

For short-reach applications, 40-Gb/s directly modulated semiconductor lasers enable high-capacity transmission with a simple and low-cost configuration. We investigated the chirp characteristics of 40-Gb/s directly modulated 1.55-/spl mu/m distributed-feedback laser diodes (DFB-LDs) and measured the linewidth enhancement factor and dynamic chirp. We then evaluated the fiber-dispersion dependence of the bit error rates (BERs) and dispersion tolerance for 40-Gb/s transmissions.
Interdigitated array microelectrode capacitive sensor for detection of paraffinophilic mycobacteria (2008)

Mycobacterium Avium Complex (MAC) is an opportunistic pathogen that threatens public health and has high clinical relevance. While culture-based and molecular biology techniques for identification are available, these methods are prone to error and require weeks to perform. There is a critical need for improved portable lab-on-a-chip sensor technology which will enable accurate and rapid point-of-care detection of these microorganisms. In this work, a new capacitive sensing strategy is explored utilizing interdigitated array (IDA) microelectrodes and exploiting the paraffinophilic nature of MAC. In this approach, paraffin wax is deposited over IDA microelectrodes to selectively extract these microorganisms from samples. As bacteria consume the dielectric paraffin layer, the charging current of the IDA capacitor changes to facilitate detection. Several IDA geometries were designed and simulated using CFD-ACE+ modeling software and compared with mathematical models. Capacitance of fabricated devices was determined using a charge-based capacitance measurement (CBCM) technique. Modeling and experimental results were in good agreement. Detection of femto-Farad changes in capacitance is possible, making this a feasible technique for sensing small changes in the paraffin for detection of paraffinophilic MAC.
Short term frequency stability measurement for narrow linewidth laser by time domain self-heterodyne method (2016)

Based on the time delay self-heterodyne method to measure the laser linewidth, the short-term linewidth variation of a narrow linewidth laser is experimentally studied and analyzed, and then a time domain self-heterodyne method is proposed to measure the short-term frequency stability of narrow linewidth laser. The Rayleigh backscattering frequency of a pulsed light propagating in an optical fiber with length of 100km is used as the local oscillation frequency with relatively long time duration to measure the frequency variation of the narrow linewidth laser. By heterodyne between the laser frequency and the local oscillation frequency, the variation of the laser frequency is presented in the heterodyne radio frequency (IF). Then the time domain data of the heterodyne IF are extracted by an oscilloscope and through short time Fourier transform the frequency from the laser in different time segments is obtained. Experimental results demonstrate that for narrow linewidth laser its frequency in short-term is randomly fluctuating with a range less than triple of the laser linewidth. The measurement and evaluation of laser short-term frequency stability benefits the application of narrow linewidth lasers in distributed optical fiber sensing area.
Protective effects of basic fibroblast growth factor in the development of emphysema induced by interferon-γ (2011)

Recent clinical evidence indicates that the non-eosinophilic subtype of severe asthma is characterized by fixed airway obstruction, which may be related to emphysema. Transgenic studies have demonstrated that high levels of IFN-γ in the airways induce emphysema. Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), which is the downstream mediator of TGF-β, is important in wound healing. We investigated the role of FGF2 in IFN-γ-induced emphysema and the therapeutic effects of recombinant FGF2 in the prevention of emphysema in a severe non-eosinophilic asthma model. To evaluate the role of FGF2 in IFN-γ-induced emphysema, lung targeted IFN-γ transgenic mice were cross-bred with FGF2-deficient mice. A severe non-eosinophilic asthma model was generated by airway application of LPS-containing allergens twice a week for 4 weeks. To evaluate protective effects of FGF2, recombinant FGF2 (10 μg) was injected subcutaneously during allergen challenge in the severe asthma model. We found that non-eosinophilic inflammation and emphysema induced by transgenic overexpression of IFN-γ in the airways were aggravated by the absence of FGF2. Airway challenge with LPS-containing allergens induced more inflammation in mice sensitized with LPS-containing allergens compared to challenge with allergens alone. In addition, LPS-induced lung inflammation and emphysema depended on IFN-γ but not on IL-13. Interestingly, emphysema in the severe asthma model was significantly inhibited by treatment with recombinant FGF2 during allergen challenge, whereas lung inflammation was unaffected. Therefore, our present data suggest that FGF2 may help protect against IFN-γ-induced emphysema, and that recombinant FGF2 may help lessen the severity of emphysema.
Effects of hydrogen ion implantation dose on electrical and physical properties of (100) and (111) Ge-on-insulator substrates fabricated by Smart-cut process (2019)

2019 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials ,Effects of hydrogen ion implantation dose on electrical and physical properties of (100) and (111) Ge-on-insulator substrates fabricated by Smart-cut process
Effect of metal particles oxidation during the APS on the wettability. (1999)

ABSTRACT: Investigations have been carried out to study the in flight oxidation of iron particles during Atmospheric Plasma Spray (APS) process. The molten particles are quenched by an inert gas (argon) and collected in a experimental set‐up especially developed for this purpose. With this set‐up, more than 90 wt% of the particles are collected. Investigation methods such as XRD, Mössbauer spectroscopy and SEM‐EDX are used to determine the amount and the distribution of oxide formed. The results indicate that wüstite (FeO) is present at the surface and also in the core of the particles. This oxide phase represents about 12 wt% of the collected particles and is stable over time. Sessile drop studies of molten iron on alumina and zirconia substrates are carried out to simulate the wetting of oxidized iron particles during coating formation. It is found that the oxidation state of iron particles during APS has a significant effect on the observed contact angles. A decrease of the contact angle is observed in the case of oxidized iron particles.
Pilot study of new focus-shift accommodating intraocular lens (2010)

Objective accommodation and forward axial shift were clinically insignificant with the accommodating IOL. The near visual performance was attributed to depth of focus rather than to true pseudophakic accommodation.
IT Infrastructure Components to Support Clinical Care and Translational Research Projects in a Comprehensive Cancer Center (2011)

This paper presents the concept of an integrated IT infrastructure framework established at the comprehensive cancer center at the University Hospital Erlangen. The framework is based on the single source concept where data from the electronic medical record are reused for clinical and translational research projects. The applicability of the approach is illustrated by two case studies from colon cancer and prostate cancer research projects.
Arthrodesis After Failed Knee Arthroplasty A Nationwide Multicenter Investigation of 91 Cases (1984)

Ninety-one patients with attempted arthrodesis after failed knee arthroplasty were identified in a prospective nationwide study of knee arthroplasties performed from October 1975 through January 1982 in Sweden. The study included 43 hinged or stabilized, 34 bi- or tricompartment, and 14 unicompartment endoprostheses. Three-fourths of the failures were caused by infections. At follow-up evaluation, two patients had expired from infection and four patients had amputations. Fusion was achieved in only 50% of 108 attempts in 91 knees. Patients with unstable joints had limited function. The fusion rate was relatively high after unicompartment endoprostheses, in cases with sustained rigid fixation, or in cases where infection was brought under control at arthrodesis. Rigid fixation was best achieved with an external double frame or an intramedullary nail. Repeated attempts were worthwhile. Removal of all foreign material, eradication of the infectious lesion, and an arthrodesis performed in a one- or two-stage procedure with insertion of gentamicin beads seemed to be the best way to combat infection. The treatment of prosthetic failures should be referred to centers with special interest in knee arthroplasty.
MRI Before Reexcision Surgery in Patients with Breast Cancer (2004)

Overlap in the appearances of benign and malignant lesions limits MRI evaluation for residual disease. MRI can show additional suspicious lesions that are likely to be multicentric or multifocal disease. These findings changed the original treatment plan for approximately 30% of breasts.
On Regrouping Convergent Series into Absolutely Convergent Series (2021)

We demonstrate how any conditionally convergent series of real numbers can be regrouped as an absolutely convergent series. The regrouping can be expressed using a monotone subsequence of partial sums. The result can be extended to series of real-valued functions under specific conditions; these cases, as well as a constructive counterexample, are presented in detail.
Resimmune, an anti-CD3 recombinant immunotoxin, induces durable remissions in patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (2015)

Resimmune is a second-generation recombinant immunotoxin composed of the catalytic and translocation domains of diphtheria toxin fused to two single chain antibody fragments reactive with the extracellular domain of CD3ε. We gave intravenous infusions of Resimmune 2.5 - 11.25 μg/kg over 15 minutes to 30 patients (25 with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, 3 with peripheral T-cell lymphoma, 1 with T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia and 1 with T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia) in an inter-patient dose escalation trial. The most common adverse events were fever, chills, hypotension, edema, hypoalbuminemia, hypophosphatemia, and transaminasemia. Among the 25 patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, there were nine responses for a response rate of 36% (95% CI, 18%-57%) including four complete remissions (16%, 95% CI, 5%-36%). The durations of the complete remissions were 72+, 72+, 60+ and 38+ months. There were five partial remissions lasting 3, 3, 3+, 6+ and 14 months. Of 17 patients with a modified skin weighted assessment tool score <50, 17 patients with stage IB/IIB, and 11 patients with both a score <50 and stage IB/IIB, nine (53%), eight (47%), and eight (73%) had responses, respectively. Further studies of Resimmune in patients with low tumor burden, stage IB-IIB cutaneous T-cell lymphoma are warranted. This trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT00611208.
Stimulated Brillouin Scattering Enhancement Factor Improvement in a 11.6-GHz-Linewidth 1.5-kW Yb-Doped Fiber Amplifier (2016)

The stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) threshold enhancement factor in a pure white noise linewidth broadening Yb-doped fiber amplifier (YDFA) with a short large mode area fiber is theoretically and experimentally studied. We demonstrate a 1064.08 nm, 11.6 GHz linewidth, 1.5 kW output power YDFA with an SBS threshold enhancement of similar to 57 (26W SBS threshold with single frequency seed). The output beam is near-diffraction limited with a beam quality factor of M-2 = 1.15 and a slope efficiency of up to 87%. No SBS or stimulated Raman scattering effects are observed in the whole power range. Further power scaling is limited by the available pump power in our system.
Limits to the accuracy of vessel diameter measurement in MR angiography (1998)

This work addresses the fundamental limits imposed by the MRI process on the accuracy with which vessel diameters and cross-sectional areas can be derived from time-of-flight (TOF) and phase-contrast (PC) MR source images. By means of simulations and in vitro experiments, it is demonstrated that, even in the absence of flow-related artifacts, severe inaccuracies in the determination of diameters or cross-sectional areas may occur solely because of the physical process of the MR image acquisition. Resolution and intraluminal saturation have strong effects on the vessel appearance and thus on the diameter estimation error. It is shown that low resolution leads to diameter overestimation or even underestimation and that intraluminal saturation causes severe underestimation, even for relatively low flip angles. Velocity and velocity encoding do not have a major influence on lumen appearance in PC images. Accurate diameter estimations can be attained only if lumen diameters constitute at least three pixels for both TOF and PC acquisitions, provided that intraluminal saturation is suppressed or avoided. Additionally, since the constitution of TOF and PC images is dissimilar, lumina should be analyzed differently to obtain accurate diameters and cross-sectional areas.
Nitrogen-rich 4,4′-azo bis(1,2,4-triazolone) salts—the synthesis and promising properties of a new family of high-density insensitive materials (2016)

4,4'-Azo-bis(1,2,4-triazolone) (ZTO) based salts from alkaline (Li(+), K(+), Na(+), and Cs(+)), alkaline earth metal salts (Mg(2+), Ca(2+), Sr(2+), and Ba(2+)) and hydrazinium salt were synthesized in a simple, straightforward manner and were characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction of seven salts (Na(+), K(+), Cs(+), Mg(2+), Ca(2+), Sr(2+), Ba(2+), and N2H5(+)) are also reported. The X-ray structures show that in the title compounds, the metal atoms are bonded to the nitrogen and oxygen atoms in the bistetrazole ring to form a sandwich structure. In addition, the thermal stabilities of all the title compounds were determined using thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA). All these new materials exhibit excellent thermal stability, high density, acceptable detonation properties, and excellent insensitivity to impact (h50 > 60 cm). In particular, the barium, caesium and strontium salts are of great interest as potential high-density insensitive materials.
Divergent Stereochemical Outcomes in the Insertion of Donor/Donor Carbenes into the C–H Bonds of Stereogenic Centers (2021)

Intramolecular C–H insertions with donor/donor dirhodium carbenes provide a concise and highly stereoselective method to set two contiguous stereocenters in a single step. Herein, we report the insertion of donor/donor carbenes into stereogenic carbon centers allowing access to trisubstituted benzodihydrofurans in a single step. This study illuminates, for the first time, the stereochemical impact on the carbene center and delineates the structural factors that enable control over both stereogenic centers. Sterically bulky, highly activated C–H insertion centers exhibit high substrate control yielding a single diastereomer and a single enantiomer of product regardless of the catalyst used. Less bulky, less activated C–H insertion centers exhibit catalyst control over the diastereomeric ratio (dr) wherein a single enantiomer of each diastereomer is observed. A combination of experimental studies and DFT calculations elucidates the origin of these results. First, hydride transfer from the stereogenic insertion site proceeds with high stereoselectivity to the carbene center, thus determining the absolute configuration of the product. Second, the short lived zwitterionic intermediate can undergo diastereoselective ring-closure by an SE2 mechanism that is either controlled by the substrate or the catalyst. These results demonstrate that donor/donor carbenes exhibit uniquely stereoselective reactions that originate from a stepwise reaction mechanism, in contrast to the analogous concerted reactions of carbenes with one or more electron-withdrawing groups attached.
ββ homodimers exist in native rabbit skeletal muscle tropomyosin and increase after denaturation–renaturation (1992)

Native tropomyosin from rabbit skeletal muscle (RSTm) consists mainly of alpha alpha and alpha beta coiled coils (alpha/beta approximately 3-4/1). In some extant studies, no beta beta molecules have been found. In this study, RSTm from several different preparations was disulfide cross-linked, both preparation and cross-linking being done under nondenaturing conditions. The cross-linked product was assayed for the presence of beta beta molecules cross-linked at both C36 and C190 (beta = beta). In such cross-linked RSTm, 3-8% beta = beta is detected by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, C4 reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, and a free-solution capillary electrophoresis experiment. This percentage becomes approximately 4-10% beta beta when corrected for incomplete double cross-linking and is independent of protein concentration (0.1-10.0 mg/mL), indicating that the observed beta beta species are not artifacts due to intermolecular cross-linking. Upon denaturation and subsequent renaturation either by heating to 55 degrees C or by incubating at 45 degrees C followed by quenching to room temperature, or by guanidine hydrochloride exposure followed by phased renaturation by dialysis, the fraction of beta beta increases, indicating that the reassociation favors homodimer formation somewhat over random association. This result differs from the random association observed when the sulfhydryl on one of the chains is carboxyamidomethylated (Holtzer, M.E., Breiner, T., & Holtzer, A., 1984, Biopolymers 23, 1811-1833), and from the overwhelming heterodimer preferences reported for tropomyosins from other organisms (Lehrer, S.S., Qian, Y., & Hvidt, S., 1989, Science 246, 926-928; Lehrer, S.S. & Qian, Y., 1990, J. Biol. Chem. 265, 1134-1138).
Human gingival crevicular fluid keratin at healthy, chronic gingivitis and chronic adult periodontitis sites (1996)

The present study was designed to determine, in a cross-sectional study, whether there was any relationship between the keratin-positive material in gingival crevicular fluid and the clinical periodontal status. Keratins were selected as putative indicators of degradation of epithelial cells cytoskeletal proteins. Keratin positive material was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 42 subjects exhibiting clinical sites of health, chronic gingivitis and chronic periodontitis. The concentration of keratin in parotid saliva was also measured for each subject. Keratin concentration in gingival crevicular fluid samples was significantly greater at sites exhibiting signs of gingivitis and periodontitis compared with healthy sites. No differences were detected between sites exhibiting gingivitis and periodontitis. No differences were found between the 3 groups for the saliva keratin-positive material which was significantly less than that detected in gingival crevicular fluid. These results suggest that gingival crevicular fluid keratin concentration may serve as a marker of gingival damage.
Director orientation of a ferroelectric liquid crystal on substrates with rubbing treatment: The effect of surface anchoring strength (1989)

Abstract One of the most important problems with ferroelectric liquid crystals is obtaining homogeneous as well as bistable alignment, not only to study their physical characteristics but also for their application to optical devices. In this connection it was predicted that the formation of homogeneous alignment requires strong surface anchoring, whereas bistability requires weak anchoring. We have therefore developed a method to determine the surface anchoring strength, and have tried to clarify whether there is a suitable anchoring range. It was found that A/K 22 (A is the surface anchoring and K 22 is the twist elastic constant of liquid crystal) of 4 × 10−2 to 2 μm−1 satisfies the contradictory requirements for homogeneous as well as bistable alignments for the material studied, and the bookshelf structure is successfully formed with this condition.
Antenna Selection on Spatial Modulation: A Machine Learning Approach (2019)

In 5G and beyond wireless communication systems, energy and spectral efficiency requirements should be satisfied while improving the error performance. Massive multiple input multiple output spatial modulation (MIMO-SM) systems are considered to be one of the candidate technologies for next-generation communication systems in terms of providing energy and spectral efficiency requirements. Error performance of massive MIMOSM systems can be improved with Euclidean distance based antenna selection (EDAS), which strengthens this idea. In this paper, massive MIMO-SM systems are implemented for the first time in a real-time environment. In order to improve the error performance of the system, a machine learning based approach for transmitter antenna selection that has lower complexity than the optimal method. The designed system was on simulation and real-time environments. As a result of the study, in real-time systems nearest neighborhood (k-NN) algorithm's practicality has been demonstrated.
Nuclear Receptor 4A2 (NR4A2/NURR1) Regulates Autophagy and Chemoresistance in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (2021)

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive cancer with poor prognosis and chemotherapy with gemcitabine has limited effects and is associated with development of drug resistance. Treatment of Panc1 and MiaPaca2 pancreatic cancer cells with gemcitabine induced expression of the orphan nuclear receptor 4A2 (NURR1) and analysis of the cancer genome atlas indicated the NURR1 is overexpressed in pancreatic tumors and is a negative prognostic factor for patient survival. Results of NURR1 knockdown or treatment with the NURR1 antagonist 1,1-bis(3΄-indolyl)-1-(p-chlorophenyl)methane (C-DIM 12) demonstrated that NURR1 was pro-oncogenic in pancreatic cancer cells and regulated cancer cell and tumor growth and survival. NURR1 is induced by gemcitabine and serves as a key drug-resistance factor and is also required for gemcitabine-induced cytoprotective autophagy. NURR1 regulated genes were determined by RNA sequencing of mRNAs expressed in MiaPaCa2 cells expressing NURR1 and in CRISPR/Cas9 gene edited cells for NURR1 knockdown and KEGG enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed genes showed that autophagy was the major pathway regulated by NURR1. Moreover, NURR1 regulated expression of two major autophagic genes ATG7 and ATG12 which are also overexpressed in pancreatic tumors and like NURR1 are negative prognostic factors for patient survival. Thus, gemcitabine-induced cytoprotective autophagy is due to the NURR1 - ATG7/ATG12 axis and this can be targeted and disrupted by NURR1 antagonist C-DIM12 demonstrating the potential clinical applications for combination therapies with gemcitabine and NURR1 antagonists.