gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An approach using a subamorphizing threshold dose silicon implant of optimal energy to achieve shallower junctions (1998)

Significant channeling during the B+/BF2+ implant and enhanced diffusion during the subsequent anneal step limit the ability of forming ultrashallow p+-type junctions. The problem is becoming even more serious as device dimensions are shrinking and shallower junctions are needed to prevent short channel effects. An approach using a subamorphous threshold dose Si+ preimplant of optimal energy is proposed and demonstrated, and it reduces both channeling during the subsequent dopant implant and enhanced B diffusion during the anneal step. In this approach, the Si+ implant is performed prior to the dopant implant (B+/BF2+); thus it is referred to as a Si+ preimplant. The energy of the Si+ preimplant determines the spatial distribution of the vacancies and interstitials formed by it. The vacancy excess created by the Si+ preimplant creates strain in the lattice by disrupting the periodic potential of the lattice, which in turn helps in reducing channeling during the subsequent dopant implant. The vacancy distribution created by the Si+ preimplant also recombines with the interstitials produced by the dopant implant resulting in fewer interstitials that can contribute to the enhanced diffusion of B, thereby reducing the enhanced B diffusion and thus resulting in shallower junctions. The energy of the Si+ preimplant is chosen such that the excess interstitials produced by it lie beyond the depth to which the dopants would diffuse in the absence of a Si+ preimplant, thus the interstitials produced by the Si+ preimplant do not contribute to enhanced B diffusion. Junction depth reduction was studied using unpatterned n-type wafers by secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis. A Si+ preimplant of the desired energy (ranging from 50 to 100 keV) was then performed through a thin screen oxide. The control samples were not implanted with Si+. Subsequent B+or BF2+ implants were carried out at 5 keV. The samples were annealed at 1000 °C. The junction depth was reduced by 200 Å for 5 keV, 6×1014 cm−2 BF2+ implants and 450 Å for 5 keV, 2×1014 cm−2 B+ implants using this approach of preimplanting with a neutral species (Si+ was used in this study) of optimal energy. Low leakage devices have been fabricated using this approach to demonstrate that the Si+ preimplant does not create any unwanted defects.
Formation of complexes with C ⋯ H ⋯ Mn interactions from reactions of dienes or acetylene with a µ-hydrido heterometallic dimer; X-ray crystal structures of [(η5-C5H5)MoMn(µ-H)(µ-PPh2)(CO)6], [(η5-C5H5)MoMn{µ–σ : η3-CH2C(Me)CHMe}(µ-PPh2)(CO)4], and [(η5-C5H5)MoMn{µ–σ : η4-CHCHCH2CHPPh2}(CO)4] (1985)

The heterodimetallic complex [(η5-C5H5)MoMn(µ-H)(µ-PPh2)(CO)6], the structure of which has been established by X-ray analysis, reacts with dienes and with acetylene under photolysis; two of the products, [(η5-C5H5(MoMn{µ–σ : η3-CH2C(Me)CHMe}(µ-PPh2)(CO)4] and [(η5-C5H5)MoMn{µ–σ : η4-CHCHCH2CHPPh2}(CO)4] have been characterised by X-ray analysis and show unusual bonding modes for the organic ligands.
Dinâmica folicular de vacas charolesas submetidas a diferentes métodos de desmame interrompido aplicado aos 35 e 70 dias pós-parto (1998)

Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito do desmame interrompido na dinâmica folicular aos 35 e 70 dias pós-parto, 15 vacas da raça Charolesa com parição na primavera, manejadas em campo nativo, foram distribuídas deforma aleatória em cinco diferentes tratamentos de desmame como segue: uso de tabuleta por dois dias (TAB 2), quatro dias (TAB 4), separação total por dois dias (TOT 2), quatro dias (TOT 4) e controle. A partir do início dos tratamentos, foi realizado monitoramento da atividade ovariana durante oito dias, e coletas diárias de sangue para dosagem de progesterona e identificação de cio com auxílio de rufião. Os ovários foram avaliados ecograficamente e os folículos foram classificados, conforme o diâmetro, em pequenos (&lt; 3mm), médios (4 a 9mm) e grandes (&gt; 10mm). A população de folículos pequenos e médios não variou entre os tratamentos e durante os oito dias, nos diferentes tratamentos aplicados aos 35 e 70 dias. Com relação aos folículos grandes, ocorreu diferença (p = 0,0001) nos tratamentos aplicados aos 35 dias pós-parto, em pelo menos um dos dias da avaliação, sendo que o grupo TOT 4 apresentou um aumento significativo da população de folículos grandes (p = 0,001), a partir do segundo dia de desmame, diminuindo após o quinto dia, devido à ovulação. Nos demais tratamentos, não houve diferença nos diferentes dias. Aos 70 dias, a população de folículos grandes variou no tratamento TAB 4 (p = 0,05) e TOT 4 (p = 0,013), que apresentaram uma distribuição quadrática. Os resultados demonstram também que houve efeito do indivíduo dentro dos tratamentos (p = 0,0001). Conclui-se que o desmame com tabuleta por dois dias, aplicado aos 35 e 70 dias pós-parto, não altera a dinâmica folicular. O desmame com tabuleta, aplicado por quatro dias, não altera a dinâmica folicular quando aplicado aos 35 dias pós-parto, mas ocasiona um aumento da população de folículos grandes e ovulação aos 70 dias. A separação total induz, um aumento dos folículos grandes quando aplicada por quatro dias, aos 35 e 70 dias pós-parto, mas não altera a dinâmica folicular quando aplicado por dois dias.
A Basis for Orbital Symmetry Rules (1979)

Abstract The influence of molecular symmetry on reaction rates is examined with an approach in which reactions are viewed as electronic transitions between states of reacants and products (described, in turn by quasiadiabatic potential surface). The moleculer Hamiltonian is used to derive selection rules for these transitions. The complete Hamilatonian has no useful symmetery. Neglect of non‐Born‐Oppenheimer and spin‐orbit terms (and of other angular momentum coupling terms) leads to an apporixmate Hamiltonian and to selection rules which from the basis of the Woodward‐Hoffmann rules. This apporch provides an alternative to the adiabatic potantial surfaces, reaction coordinates, and transition state theory used in more familiar discussions of the Woodward‐Hoffmann rules. Further, it provides a particulary clear method for discussing violations of these symmetry rules, and for differentiating concerted and nonconcerted reactions.
Static and dynamic analysis of the Internet's susceptibility to faults and attacks (2004)

The susceptibility of the Internet to random faults, malicious attacks, and mixtures of faults and attacks are analyzed. We analyze actual Internet data, as well as simulated data created with network models. The network models generalize previous research, and allow generation of graphs ranging from uniform to preferential, and from static to dynamic. We introduce new metrics for analyzing the connectivity and performance of networks which improve upon metrics used in earlier research. Previous research has shown that preferential networks like the Internet are more robust to random failures compared to uniform networks. We find that preferential networks, including the Internet, are more robust only when more than 95% of failures are random faults, and robustness is measured with average diameter. The advantage of preferential networks disappears with alternative metrics, and when a small fraction of faults are attacks. We also identify dynamic characteristics of the Internet which can be used to create improved network models. This model should allow more accurate analysis for the future Internet, for example facilitating the design of network protocols with optimal performance in the future, or predicting future attack and fault tolerance. We find that the Internet is becoming more preferential as it evolves. The average diameter has been stable or even decreasing as the number of nodes has been increasing. The Internet is becoming more robust to random failures over time, but has also become more vulnerable to attacks.
CLONING AND FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERIZATION OF AMMONIUM TRANSPORTERS FROM THE MARINE DIATOM CYLINDROTHECA FUSIFORMIS (BACILLARIOPHYCEAE)1 (2005)

The general preference of phytoplankton for ammonium over nitrate as a nitrogen source has long been established, but the underlying molecular mechanisms controlling the uptake and utilization of these nutrients, and the preference for one over the other, are poorly understood. Insights are to be gained by cloning genes involved in nitrogen uptake and metabolism and characterizing the expression of these genes and their encoded proteins. I report the first cloning and characterization of ammonium transporter genes ( AMT ) from a marine diatom, Cylindrotheca fusiformis Reimann and Lewin. Two distinct types of AMT were isolated, which differed in their encoded amino acid sequences by 5%. A cDNA and genomic copy of AMT1 and three genomic copies of AMT2 were isolated. Analysis of mRNA levels in C. fusiformis cultures grown with different nitrogen sources revealed that AMT1 levels were much higher than AMT2 under all conditions. Highest mRNA levels were detected in nitrogen‐starved cells, followed by nitrate‐grown and then ammonium‐grown cells. A substantial amount of mRNA degradation was observed, suggesting that transcripts for the AMT s are turned over rapidly, which may be a regulatory mechanism over their expression. Transporters AMT1 and 2 were cloned into a Saccharomyces cerevisiae expression vector, and each was able to complement a yeast mutant that lacked all three of its native ammonium transporters. In addition to showing that the AMTs were functional, the data indicated that AMT1 was a much more efficient transporter than AMT2 .
Investigation of a possible yellow fever epidemic and serosurvey for flavivirus infections in northern Cameroon, 1984. (1987)

A cluster of fatal hepatitis cases in northern Cameroon in 1984 stimulated a field investigation to rule out an epidemic of yellow fever. A serosurvey of villages in the extreme north of the country, in a Sudan savanna (SS) phytogeographical zone, disclosed no evidence of recent yellow fever infection. However, further south, in a Guinea savanna (GS) phytogeographical zone, serological evidence was found of endemic yellow fever virus transmission. The results indicate a potential for epidemic spread of yellow fever virus from the southern GS zone to the nothern SS zone of Cameroon, where immunity in the population was low.
Tabled evaluation with delaying for general logic programs (1996)

SLD resolution with negation as finite failure (SLDNF) reflects the procedural interpretation of predicate calculus as a programming language and forms the computational basis for Prolog systems. Despite its advantages for stack-based memory management, SLDNF is often not appropriate for query evaluation for three reasons: (a) it may not terminate due to infinite positive recursion; (b) it may be terminate due to infinite recursion through negation; and (c) it may repeatedly evaluate the same literal in a rule body, leading to unacceptable performance. We address all three problems for goal-oriented query evaluation of general logic programs by presenting tabled evaluation with delaying, called SLG resolution. It has three distinctive features: (i) SLG resolution is a partial deduction procedure, consisting of seven fundamental transformations. A query is transformed step by step into a set of answers. The use of transformations separates logical issues of query evaluation from procedural ones. SLG allows an arbitrary computation rule for selecting a literal from a rule body and an arbitrary control strategy for selecting transformations to apply. (ii) SLG resolution is sound and search space complete with respect to the well-founded partial model for all non-floundering queries, and preserves all three-valued stable models. To evaluate a query under differenc three-valued stable models, SLG resolution can be enhanced by further processing of the answers of subgoals relevant to a query. (iii) SLG resolution avoids both positive and negative loops and always terminates for programs with the bounded-term-size property. It has a polynomial time data complexity for well-founded negation of function-free programs. Through a delaying mechanism for handling ground negative literals involved in loops, SLG resolution avoids the repetition of any of its derivation steps. Restricted forms of SLG resolution are identified for definite, locally stratified, and modularly stratified programs, shedding light on the role each transformation plays.
Laminin α1 chain improves laminin α2 chain deficient peripheral neuropathy (2006)

Absence of laminin alpha2 chain leads to a severe form of congenital muscular dystrophy (MDC1A) associated with peripheral neuropathy. Hence, future therapies should be aimed at alleviating both muscle and neurological dysfunctions. Pre-clinical studies in animal models have mainly focused on ameliorating the muscle phenotype. Here we show that transgenic expression of laminin alpha1 chain in muscles and the peripheral nervous system of laminin alpha2 chain deficient mice reduced muscular dystrophy and largely corrected the peripheral nerve defects. The presence of laminin alpha1 chain in the peripheral nervous system resulted in near-normal myelination, restored Schwann cell basement membranes and improved rotarod performance. In summary, we postulate that laminin alpha1 chain is an excellent substitute for laminin alpha2 chain in multiple tissues and suggest that treatment with laminin alpha1 chain may be beneficial for MDC1A in humans.
THE STEREOCHEMISTRY OF ALLOGIBBERIC ACID AND OF GIBBERIC ACID (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE STEREOCHEMISTRY OF ALLOGIBBERIC ACID AND OF GIBBERIC ACIDGilbert Stork and Howard NewmanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1959, 81, 12, 3168Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01521a089https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01521a089research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views82Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Adaptive hybrid acquisition with antenna diversity in CDMA systems (2002)

Since existing acquisition systems have a fixed threshold value, they are unable to adapt to varying mobile communication environments. This results in a high false-alarm rate or low detection probability. In this paper, an adaptive hybrid acquisition system that adopts an antenna diversity technique and the cell-averaging constant false alarm rate (CA-CFAR) algorithm is presented to acquire a pseudo-noise (PN) signal for CDMA systems. The CA-CFAR algorithm and an antenna diversity technique are adopted to adjust the decision threshold according to environments and to improve detection performance, respectively. The detection probability, false alarm, rate, miss detection probability, and mean acquisition time in the Rayleigh fading channel are derived and compared to those of the conventional hybrid acquisition system with fixed threshold.
Fabrication of high-aspect-ratio microstructures on planar and nonplanar surfaces using a modified LIGA process (1997)

Large surface areas (tens of square centimeters to square meters) covered with high-aspect-ratio microstructures (HARMs) have potential applications in a wide range of fields including heat transfer, adaptive aerodynamics, acoustics, catalysts, seal and bearing design, and composite materials. HARMs are typically hundreds of micrometers in height, with widths ranging from a few micrometers to tens of micrometers, and they can be manufactured from a variety of materials such as metals, polymers, and ceramics. Three of the barriers to extensive use of large HARM-covered surfaces are cost, nonplanarity of typical surfaces, and adhesion of the microstructures to the surface. A starting point for inexpensive reproduction of large arrays of HARMs is the plastic molding step of the LIGA micromanufacturing process. In order to address the latter two problems, the standard LIGA process was modified/extended. Free-standing polymer sheets, perforated with a pattern of high-aspect-ratio throughholes, were clamped to conductive substrates. The sheets provide a template for electrodeposition of nickel microstructures onto the target surface. This process makes it economically feasible to electroform metal microstructures directly onto large planar and nonplanar metal surfaces (cylinders).
A Phase Noise Model Based on Multi-Loop Control System Theory Applied to Feed-Forward Ring Oscillators (2023)

The proliferation of multiple communication standards and the constant data-rate enhancement set feed-forward ring oscillators (FFRO) as prominent clock generation circuits due to their wide operating frequency range. However, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and phase noise masks appear as major concerns when clock sources intend large tuning ranges. In this work, we developed a phase noise model based on a multi-loop control system theory applied to FFROs. Besides showing a good match between the proposed model and Spice simulations, the model give qualitative insights to adjust the extended frequency range with awareness of the phase noise performance. For instance, we show that it is possible to achieve a 6dB phase noise performance improvement for a given feed-forward strength.
Faculty Liederabend 2017 (2017)

Kennesaw State University School of Music features Faculty Liederabend 2017 presenting "Developments in German Art Song, Beethoven to Strauss."
A study of thermal performance in novel radial pulsating heat-pipe systems (2017)

As technology becomes increasingly miniaturized, extremely localized heat dissipation (so called hot-spot) leads to the challenge of how to keep devices from overheating. Heat dissipation from advanced power and military electronics is expected to be on the order of 1 kW/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , while conventional cooling techniques can only cool up to <;10 W/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> with forced air convection cooling and <;500 W/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> with advanced microchannel liquid cooling. In the present study, we propose and investigate a novel radial pulsating heat-pipe (RPHP), which is tailored for effective "spreading of heat" from a local high heat-flux hot-spot. An experimental system for RPHP was constructed with a 110 mm diameter circular brass plate with 1 mm depth and 1 mm width primary channels. The primary channels are enclosed using a polycarbonate cover that is equipped with an internal working fluid charging port. The diameters of the boiling chamber (or evaporator section) and the condenser section were 10 mm and 60 mm, respectively. Thermocouples were installed to measure the temperatures of RPHP surface and the working fluid. The pressure of the fluid in the boiling chamber (evaporator section) was measured using an absolute pressure transducer. The measured data was used to evaluate the thermal performance of the RPHP in terms of thermal resistance with respect to working fluid fill ratio and power input.
Oxidative C–C Bond Cleavage for the Synthesis of Aryl Carboxylic Acids from Aryl Alkyl Ketones (2018)

A metal-free and one-pot two-step synthesis of aryl carboxylic acids from aryl alkyl ketones has been achieved. The reactions were performed with iodine as the catalyst, DMSO and TBHP as the oxidants. Under the optimal reaction conditions, a number of aryl alkyl ketones could be converted into their corresponding aryl carboxylic acids in good to excellent yields (up to 94%).
PSEUDOINTIMAL DEVELOPMENT ON MICROPOROUS POLYURETHANE LATTICES (1972)

A microporous polyurethane lattice has been used to line 8 and 11 mm. diameter knitfed Dacron grafts which were implanted into the canine infrarenal aorta and thoracic inferior vena cava. Similar grafts made from Dacron velour were used as control experiments. The surface of the lattice grafts were rapidly covered and healed into a stable collagen surface both in the aorta and vena cava. The majority of the velour grafts showed incomplete healing and significant thrombus deposition. Superior results obtained with the lattice grafts were thought to be related to the more complete incorporation of the pseudointimal layer into the lattice matrix. This produced a firm attachment of the initial fibrin layer which rapidly was transformed into collagen. The speed of coverage and the rapid transformation of the pseudointima into a stable collagen matrix probably accounts for the thrombus-resistant nature of this material and may explain its superiority to velour.
A Study of Mechanics in Brittle–Ductile Cutting Mode Transition (2018)

This paper presents an investigation of the mechanism of the brittle⁻ductile cutting mode transition from the perspective of the mechanics. A mechanistic model is proposed to analyze the relationship between undeformed chip thickness, deformation, and stress levels in the elastic stage of the periodic chip formation process, regarding whether brittle or ductile mode deformation is to follow the elastic stage. It is revealed that, the distance of tool advancement required to induce the same level of compressive stress decreases with undeformed chip thickness, and thereby the tensile stress below and behind the tool decreases with undeformed chip thickness. As a result, the tensile stress becomes lower than the critical tensile stress for brittle fracture when the undeformed chip thickness becomes sufficiently small, enabling the brittle⁻ductile cutting mode transition. The finite element method is employed to verify the analysis of the mechanics on a typical brittle material 6H silicon carbide, and confirmed that the distance of the tool advancement required to induce the same level of compressive stress becomes smaller when the undeformed chip thickness decreases, and consequently smaller tensile stress is induced below and behind the tool. The critical undeformed chip thicknesses for brittle⁻ductile cutting mode transition are estimated according to the proposed mechanics, and are verified by plunge cutting experiments in a few crystal directions. This study should contribute to better understanding of the mechanism of brittle⁻ductile cutting mode transition and the ultra-precision machining of brittle materials.
An implementation of VoIP cable modem (2003)

Cable telecommunication technology allows high-speed bi-directional transfer of Internet protocol (IP) traffic, between the CATV headend system and customer locations, over all-coaxial or hybrid fiber-coax (HFC) cable network. With the rapid progress of VoIP (voice over IP) technology, IP telephony service via cable networks has become a preferred strategy for cable data service providers. This paper presents an implementation of VoIP cable modem, which is named DCM-100. Design issues, hardware architecture, software architecture, and performance testing results are described.