gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In vitro studies and preclinical evaluation of benznidazole microparticles in the acute Trypanosoma cruzi murine model (2020)

Chagas disease is a serious parasitic infection caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. Unfortunately, the current chemotherapeutic tools are not enough to combat the infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the trypanocidal activity of benznidazole-loaded microparticles during the acute phase of Chagas infection in an experimental murine model. Microparticles were prepared by spray-drying using copolymers derived from esters of acrylic and methacrylic acids as carriers. Dissolution efficiency of the formulations was up to 3.80-fold greater than that of raw benznidazole. Stability assay showed no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the loading capacity of microparticles for 3 years. Cell cultures showed no visible morphological changes or destabilization of the cell membrane nor haemolysis was observed in defibrinated human blood after microparticles treatment. Mice with acute lethal infection survived 100% after 30 days of treatment with benznidazole microparticles (50 mg kg-1 day-1). Furthermore, no detectable parasite load measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and lower levels of T. cruzi-specific antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were found in those mice. A significant decrease in the inflammation of heart tissue after treatment with these microparticles was observed, in comparison with the inflammatory damage observed in both infected mice treated with raw benznidazole and untreated infected mice. Therefore, these polymeric formulations are an attractive approach to treat Chagas disease.
Bis{μ-4,4′-dibromo-2,2′-[o-phenylenebis(nitrilomethylidyne)]diphenolato}bis[chloridomanganese(III)]N,N-dimethylformamide disolvate (2010)

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, [Mn(2)(C(20)H(12)Br(2)N(2)O(2))(2)Cl(2)]·2C(3)H(7)NO, contains one half of a centrosymmetric dinuclear Mn(III) complex and an N,N-dimethyl-formamide solvent mol-ecule. In the complex, the two Mn(III) ions are bridged by two O atoms from two symmetry-related N,N'-bis-(5-bromo-salicyl-idene)-1,2-diimino-benzene dianionic ligands with the longer Mn-O distance of 2.703 (3) Å, thus each Mn ion is six-coordinated by two N and three O atoms from the two dianionic ligands and one capping Cl atom in a distorted octa-hedral environment. The crystal structure displays inter-molecular π-π inter-actions between adjacent benzene rings, with a shortest centroid-centroid distance of 3.673 (2) Å, and inter-molecular C-H⋯O, C-H⋯ Cl and C-H⋯ Br hydrogen bonds.
Digital Radiography:the State-of-the-Art (2006)

The essential features,key points and advantages of the three modes of digital radiography were outlined and analyzed briefly by comparison with traditional film radiography.Finally,the industrial application prospect of digital radiography was shown,attempting to spread the new technology in China soon.
Molecular paleontology of transposable elements in the Drosophila melanogaster genome (2003)

We report here a superfamily of "cut and paste" DNA transposons called Transib. These transposons populate the Drosophila melanogaster and Anopheles gambiae genomes, use a transposase that is not similar to any known proteins, and are characterized by 5-bp target site duplications. We found that the fly genome, which was thought to be colonized by the P element <100 years ago, harbors approximately 5 million year (Myr)-old fossils of ProtoP, an ancient ancestor of the P element. We also show that Hoppel, a previously reported transposable element (TE), is a nonautonomous derivate of ProtoP. We found that the "rolling-circle" Helitron transposons identified previously in plants and worms populate also insect genomes. Our results indicate that Helitrons were horizontally transferred into the fly or/and mosquito genomes. We have also identified a most abundant TE in the fly genome, DNAREP1_DM, which is an approximately 10-Myr-old footprint of a Penelope-like retrotransposon. We estimated that TEs are three times more abundant than reported previously, making up approximately 22% of the whole genome. The chromosomal and age distributions of TEs in D. melanogaster are very similar to those in Arabidopsis thaliana. Both genomes contain only relatively young TEs (<20 Myr old), constituting a main component of paracentromeric regions.
Phase Behavior, Crystallization Kinetics, and Morphology of Monotropic Liquid Crystalline Poly(ester−imide)s with a Decamethylene Spacer (2001)

The phase transition, crystallization kinetics, and morphology of monotropic liquid crystalline poly(ester−imide)s are investigated by synchrotron X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarized light microscopy (PLM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Synchrotron X-ray diffraction and DSC results show that the poly(ester−imide) with methyl side pendant group (10M) exhibits monotropic nematic and smectic A phases upon cooling from the isotropic melt, followed by a crystalline phase (crystal E structure). The results of isothermal crystallization kinetics show that the crystallization rate is faster in the smectic phase than in the nematic phase and the slowest in the isotropic phase. It is found that the crystallization in the nematic phase leads to lamellar decorated disclination structures upon TEM observation, indicating that the enhancement of nucleation dominates the acceleration of crystallization. Poly(ester−imide) without side pendant group (10H) forms only a crystalline phase upon cooling. However, the air-quenched sample shows a threadlike texture. TEM observation further reveals the trace of nematic disclination structures, confirming that the crystallization proceeds through nematic phase. In contrast, the sample, cooled with a slow cooling rate of 5 °C/min, exhibits the spherulite structure. The morphological variation of the poly(ester−imide) is discussed on the basis of competition between primary nucleation and crystal growth.
[Distribution of the enterochromaffin ("EC") cells and those of the "APUD" series in the gastrointestinal tract of ruminants]. (1976)

Based on morphological and histochemical data, the Authors describe the distribution of "EC" (5-HT-producing) and of the other endocrine cells of the "APUD" series (polypeptide hormone-producing) in the gastro intestinal tract of weaned and unweaned 3-4 month old calves. The results demonstrate that: -- no difference concerning the different diet can be correlated; -- no endocrine cell is present in the vorestomachs; -- the "EC" cells in the abomasum prevail in the fundus glands; they are demonstrable also in every tract of the intestine and are more numerous in the duodenum and in the rectum; -- within the "APUD" series four cellular types are demonstrable in the abomasum; two are in the cardias, one in the fundus and one in the pylorus glands; the last one probably corresponds to the gastrin-producing "G" cells. -- In the small intestine, particularly numerous in the duodenum, a probably heterogeneous family of endocrine cells is present, while in the coecum, in the colon and, above all, in the rectum, cells probably corresponding to "EG" cells are identifiable. These results are compared to those previously obtained in the adult Cattle: remarkable differences are demonstrable only within "APUD" cells of abomasum.
A versatile fiber coating process for efficient fabrication of multifunctional composites (2023)

The objective of this research is to demonstrate the versatility of a dip coating process for the efficient integration of piezoelectric barium titanate (BaTiO<sub>3</sub>) microparticles on a wide variety of fibers to design passive self-sensing composites. The microparticles were deposited on glass, aramid, and basalt fiber weaves through the proposed dip coating technique. A computational framework is established to predict the deposition thickness on the fiber surfaces from the given microparticle concentration, size, coating velocity, and coating fluid viscosity. The deposition quality assessment was performed through scanning electron microscope imaging and subsequent image analysis. BaTiO<sub>3</sub>-coated fibers were directly used in composite preparation. After fabrication, the BaTiO<sub>3</sub>-enhanced composites were subjected to high-voltage poling. Finally, their passive self-sensing properties were characterized through experimental studies. The results show the adaptability of the proposed coating process to integrate BaTiO<sub>3</sub> microparticles within different types of fiber-reinforced composites enabling passive self-sensing to attain subsurface damage characterization.
Harnessing surface plasmons (2004)

This proceeding is a summary of our progress in both fundamental studies of surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) active surfaces and the design and characterization of nanostructured SERS-active surfaces. Based on the prior demonstration of single molecule SERS (smSERS)-like behavior from vapor deposited thin silver films, we've focused on these substrates as model systems for fundamental studies of the "blinking" phenomenon. Preliminary studies suggest that Stokes-shifted emission "blinking" is more directly associated with metal nanofeatures and less dependent on the nature of the adsorbate. It is anticipated that the insight provided by these fundamental studies will eventually lead to the rational design of nanostructured surfaces capable of smSERS. Toward that goal, preliminary characterization of the optical properties of nanoaperture arrays in silver suggests that these surfaces may exhibit SERS enhancement greater than that of the overlaying thin silver film.
Towards a New Science of Disinformation (2022)

How can we best address the dangerous impact that deep learning-generated fake audios, photographs, and videos (a.k.a. deepfakes) may have in personal and societal life? We foresee that the availability of cheap deepfake technology will create a second wave of disinformation where people will receive specific, personalized disinformation through different channels, making the current approaches to fight disinformation obsolete. We argue that fake media has to be seen as an upcoming cybersecurity problem, and we have to shift from combating its spread to a prevention and cure framework where users have available ways to verify, challenge, and argue against the veracity of each piece of media they are exposed to. To create the technologies behind this framework, we propose that a new Science of Disinformation is needed, one which creates a theoretical framework both for the processes of communication and consumption of false content. Key scientific and technological challenges facing this research agenda are listed and discussed in the light of state-of-art technologies for fake media generation and detection, argument finding and construction, and how to effectively engage users in the prevention and cure processes.
Adjuvant oral 5-fluorouracil for cervical cancer: Japanese Gynecologic Oncology Group report (2004)

Japanese women with low-stage cervical cancer receiving radical hysterectomy and radiotherapy have a good 5-year survival rate. However, women with risk factors such as nodal metastasis may benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy, which was studied in women having surgery alone or surgery plus radiotherapy. Patients having surgery alone (S) (n=623) or surgery and radiotherapy (SR) (n=919) were randomly assigned to receive or not receive oral 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) for 1 year. The effect of various factors on survival was studied by multivariate analysis. Patients who received S obtained no benefit from 5-FU, whereas 5-FU-treated SR patients had significantly better 5-year survival than those not receiving chemotherapy (P=0.043). The SR patients without nodal metastases had a better survival rate if they received 5-FU (P<0.001), whereas those with nodal metastases did not. Oral 5-FU after radical hysterectomy with radiotherapy appears useful for patients with low-stage cervical cancer who have some risk factors but not for those with pelvic lymph node metastases.
A new cluster validity index for prototype based clustering algorithms based on inter- and intra-cluster density (2007)

One of the fundamental challenges of clustering is how to evaluate, without auxiliary information, to what extent the obtained clusters fit the natural partitions of the data s et. A common approach for evaluation of clustering results is to use validity indices. We propose a new validity index, Conn Index, for prototype based clustering. Conn Index is applicable to data sets with a wide variety of cluster characteristics (di fferent shapes, sizes, densities, overlaps). We construct Conn Index based on inter- and intra-cluster connectivities of prototypes, which are found through a weighted Delaunay triangulation called connectivity matrix (1), where the weights indicate the data distribution. We compare the performance of Conn Index to commonly used indices on synthetic and real data sets. I. I NTRODUCTION Clustering means splitting a data set into groups such that the data samples within a group are more similar to each other than to the data samples in other groups. Clustering is done with many methods which can be categorized in several ways where the two major ones are partitioning and hierarchical clustering. For any method, clustering the da ta directly becomes computationally heavy as the size of the data set increases. In order to significantly reduce the com- putational cost, two-step algorithms have been proposed (2), (3), (4), (5). Two-step algorithms (prototype based cluste ring) first find the quantization prototypes of data, and then clust er the prototypes. Using the prototypes instead of data can also reduce noise because the prototypes are the local averages of the data. A widely and successfully used neural paradigm for find- ing prototypes is the Self-Organizing Map (SOM). The SOM is a spatially ordered quantization of a data space where the quantization prototypes are adaptively determined for optimal approximation of the (unknown) distribution of the data. The SOM also facilitates visualization of the structu re of a higher-dimensional data space in one or two dimensions, which can guide semi-manual clustering. Thus, the SOM is a powerful aid in capturing clusters in high-dimensional intricate data sets (1), (2), (3), (6). With any clustering method, whether clustering the data itself or its prototypes, the main problems are to determine the number of clusters and to evaluate the validity of the clusters. A validity measure of the clustering ideally show s
CCD Charge Density Study on Crystals with Large Unit Cell Parameters: The Case of Hexagonall-Cystine (1999)

The electron density of l-cystine has been analyzed using 110 K single-crystal Mo Kα X-ray diffraction data to a resolution of (sin θ/λ)max = 1.123 Å-1 with a CCD area detector. Due to the large c-parameter (55.9 Å), a discussion is made for choosing the best experimental data collection strategy and data reduction. A multipolar pseudo-atom density model was fitted against the 2309 observed data with I > 3σ(I), [R(F) = 0.014, RW(F) = 0.019, S = 0.73]. The deformation density distribution and topological analysis of charge density clearly reveals disulfide bridge characteristic features and sulfur lone pair electron regions which validate high-level ab initio calculations. The valence shell charge concentration (VSCC) suggests sp3 hybridization of sulfur atoms.
An energy-efficient transmission scheme for monitoring of combat soldier health in tactical mobile ad hoc networks (2012)

In this paper, we propose an energy-efficient transmission scheme for monitoring soldier health in tactical mobile ad hoc networks (T-MANET). In the proposed scheme, a constrained route discovery algorithm is used to determine feasible routing paths between the source nodes and sink node. A cross-layer optimization approach is then used to determine the optimal routes and minimum power required to transmit data in the military UHF band such that the end-to-end packet delivery ratio (PDR) and end-to-end delay objectives are met. However, the optimal solution requires exponential complexity and is not suitable for implementation in resource constrained sensor motes. Therefore, we propose a heuristic algorithm called joint link node power allocation (JPA) that allocates power based on the presence of joint link nodes. From the analysis and numerical results, we find that JPA achieves energy consumption that is within 24% of the optimal value, but significantly reduces the solution complexity from exponential to polynomial by utilizing 6 times fewer iterations than the optimal solution to converge to a minimum energy solution.
Multi-component kinetics for the growth of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 (2015)

The growth kinetics of phototrophic microorganisms can be controlled by the light irradiance, the concentration of an inorganic nutrient, or both. A multi-component kinetic model is proposed and tested in novel batch experiments that allow the kinetic parameters for each factor to be estimated independently. For the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC6803, the estimated parameters are maximum specific growth rate (max) = 2.8/d, half-maximum-rate light irradiance (KL) = 11 W/m 2 , half-inhibition-rate light irradiance (KL,I) = 39 W/m 2 , and half-maximum-rate concentration for inorganic carbon (KS,Ci) = 0.5 mgC/L, half-maximum-rate concentration for inorganic nitrogen (KS,Ni) = 1.4 mgN/L, and half-maximum-rate concentration for inorganic phosphorus (KS,Pi) = 0.06 mgP/L. Compared to other phototrophs having max estimates, PCC6803 is a fast-growing r-strategist relying on reaction rate. Its half-maximum-rate and half-inhibition rate values identify the ranges of light irradiance and nutrient concentrations that PCC6803 needs to achieve a high specific growth rate to be a sustainable bioenergy source. To gain the advantages of its high maximum specific growth rate, PCC6803 needs to have moderate light illumination (7-62 W/m 2 for syn 1/d) and relatively high nutrient concentrations: Ni 2.3 mgN/L, Pi 0.1 mgP/L, and Ci 1.0 mgC/L.
Object-oriented modelling of general flexible multibody systems (2013)

This paper presents a general approach to object-oriented modelling of flexible multibody systems, based on the floating frame of reference (FFR) formulation. The data describing a flexible body can be computed analytically, having defined its shape functions matrices, or calculated by several finite element method (FEM) packages as a result of a modal analysis. By the proposed approach, a modular model is then obtained in an object-oriented language, namely Modelica. This allows to integrate very realistic descriptions of distributed flexibility in multidomain models, with significant advantages for a variety of simulation studies. After describing the general methodology, the paper presents some simulation results, to validate the approach with respect to benchmark cases considered in the literature.
Direct extrusion of hollow-core THz fiber using a 3D printer (2019)

We report a novel fabrication technique to achieve a hollow-core antiresonant polymer optical fiber for THz guidance. The fiber can be directly extruded from a 3D printer using a modified structured nozzle in a single step procedure. The possibility to use fibers made from acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) for guiding in the THz region is assessed through the profile of the confinement loss.
Copper(II) complexes of the antiulcer drug cimetidine (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCopper(II) complexes of the antiulcer drug cimetidineF. T. Greenaway, L. M. Brown, J. C. Dabrowiak, M. R. Thompson, and V. W. DayCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 26, 7782–7784Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00546a027https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00546a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views198Altmetric-Citations56LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Oxalyl Bromide (2012)

[15219-34-8] C2Br2O2 (MW 215.82) InChI = 1S/C2Br2O2/c3-1(5)2(4)6 InChIKey = JAZLVNXWYDFQFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N (reactive acid halide;1 heterocycle synthesis2) Physical Data: bp 16–17 °C/10 mmHg; d 2.30 g cm−3. Form Supplied in: liquid or solution in CH2Cl2; commercially available Preparative Methods: originally prepared by Staudinger in 1913 by treating Oxalyl Chloride with HBr;3 a more recent report describes a convenient alternative using Bromotrimethylsilane which provides the reagent in 85% yield.4 Handling, Storage, and Precautions: corrosive; lachrymator. Use in a fume hood.
Suppressing acoustic echo in a spectral envelope space (2005)

Full-duplex hands-free telecommunication systems employ an acoustic echo canceler (AEC) to remove the undesired echoes that result from the coupling between a loudspeaker and a microphone. Traditionally, the removal is achieved by modeling the echo path impulse response with an adaptive finite impulse response (FIR) filter and subtracting an echo estimate from the microphone signal. It is not uncommon that an adaptive filter with a length of 50-300 ms needs to be considered, which makes an AEC highly computationally expensive. In this paper, we propose an echo suppression algorithm to eliminate the echo effect. Instead of identifying the echo path impulse response, the proposed method estimates the spectral envelope of the echo signal. The suppression is done by spectral modification-a technique originally proposed for noise reduction. It is shown that this new approach has several advantages over the traditional AEC. Properties of human auditory perception are considered, by estimating spectral envelopes according to the frequency selectivity of the auditory system, resulting in improved perceptual quality. A conventional AEC is often combined with a post-processor to reduce the residual echoes due to minor echo path changes. It is shown that the proposed algorithm is insensitive to such changes. Therefore, no post-processor is necessary. Furthermore, the new scheme is computationally much more efficient than a conventional AEC.