gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of L-Band Digital Aeronautical Communication Systems: L-DACS1 and L-DACS2 (2011)

New air-to-ground wireless datalinks are needed to supplement existing civil aviation technologies. The 960 – 1164 MHz part of the IEEE L band has been identified as a candidate spectrum. EUROCONTROL — the European organization for the Safety of Air Navigation, has funded two parallel projects and developed two proposals called L-DACS1 and L-DACS2. Although, there is a significant amount of literature available on each of the two technologies from the two teams that designed the respective proposals, there is very little independent comparison of the two proposals. The goal of this paper is to provide this comparison. We compare the two proposals in terms of their scalability, spectral efficiency, and interference resistance. Both the technologies have to co-exist with several other aeronautical technologies that use the same L-band. <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sup>
Expanding xylose metabolism in yeast for plant cell wall conversion to biofuels (2015)

Sustainable biofuel production from renewable biomass will require the efficient and complete use of all abundant sugars in the plant cell wall. Using the cellulolytic fungus Neurospora crassa as a model, we identified a xylodextrin transport and consumption pathway required for its growth on hemicellulose. Reconstitution of this xylodextrin utilization pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae revealed that fungal xylose reductases act as xylodextrin reductases, producing xylosyl-xylitol oligomers as metabolic intermediates. These xylosyl-xylitol intermediates are generated by diverse fungi and bacteria, indicating that xylodextrin reduction is widespread in nature. Xylodextrins and xylosyl-xylitol oligomers are then hydrolyzed by two hydrolases to generate intracellular xylose and xylitol. Xylodextrin consumption using a xylodextrin transporter, xylodextrin reductases and tandem intracellular hydrolases in cofermentations with sucrose and glucose greatly expands the capacity of yeast to use plant cell wall-derived sugars and has the potential to increase the efficiency of both first-generation and next-generation biofuel production.
Rotation-covariant visual concept detection using steerable Riesz wavelets and bags of visual words (2013)

Distinct texture classes are often sharing several visual concepts. Texture instances from different classes are sharing regions in the feature hyperspace, which results in ill-defined classification configurations. In this work, we detect rotation-covariant visual concepts using steerable Riesz wavelets and bags of visual words. In a first step, K-means clustering is used to detect visual concepts in the hyperspace of the energies of steerable Riesz wavelets. The coordinates of the clusters are used to construct templates from linear combinations of the Riesz components that are corresponding to visual concepts. The visualization of these templates allows verifying the relevance of the concepts modeled. Then, the local orientations of each template are optimized to maximize their response, which is carried out analytically and can still be expressed as a linear combination of the initial steerable Riesz templates. The texture classes are learned in the feature space composed of the concatenation of the maximum responses of each visual concept using support vector machines. An experimental evaluation using the Outex TC 00010 test suite allowed a classification accuracy of 97.5%, which demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed approach. An optimal number K = 20 of clusters is required to model the visual concepts, which was found to be fewer than the number of classes. This shows that higher-level classes are sharing low-level visual concepts. The importance of rotation-covariant visual concept modeling is highlighted by allowing an absolute gain of more than 30% in accuracy. The visual concepts are modeling the local organization of directions at various scales, which is in accordance with the bottom{up visual information processing sequence of the primal sketch in Marr's theory on vision.
An assessment of finger doses received by staff while preparing and injecting radiopharmaceuticals (1997)

Good working practice and legal obligation impose a duty on nuclear medicine departments to check syringe activities before administration to a patient. If syringe guards are used to reduce staff exposure while drawing up injections, the guard has to be removed to measure the activity in a conventional reentrant ionization chamber type calibrator. Alternatively, the activity may be checked in a purpose-built syringe calibrator which allows the assay of the activity in the syringe without the need to remove the syringe guard. Finger doses received during the dose preparation and injection are a cause for concern. This study investigated the finger and whole-body doses received when using each of these calibrators, and compared the results with those obtained by an operator who did not measure the dose at all. The results demonstrated that although the finger doses are small, measurement of the syringe activities in a conventional ionization chamber increases the dose by a factor of 2 above that which would occur if no activity measurements were made, whereas the use of the specialized syringe calibrator gave finger doses only marginally above those obtained with no activity measurement.
Thermoelectric properties of Bi2Te3 atomic quintuple thin films (2010)

Motivated by recent experimental realizations of quintuple atomic layer films of Bi2Te3, the thermoelectric figure of merit ZT of the quintuple layer is calculated and found to increase by a factor of 10 (ZT=7.15) compared to that of the bulk at room-temperature. The large enhancement in ZT results from the change in the distribution of the valence band density of modes brought about by the quantum confinement in the thin film. The theoretical model uses ab initio electronic structure calculations (VASP) with full quantum-mechanical structure relaxation combined with a Landauer formalism for the linear-response transport coefficients.
Einfuehrung (1985)

Die Ursprünge der Invariantentheorie reichen bis ins 18. Jahrhundert zurück. J. Lagrange (1736–1813) stellte bei seinen Untersuchungen über die Darstellung ganzer Zahlen durch quadratische Formen f = aX2+2bXY+cY2 fest, dass sich die Diskriminante D = ac-b2 der Form bei der Variablensubstitution von X durch X+λY nicht ändert (1773). K.-F. Gauss (1777–1855) betrachtete bereits allgemeine lineare Substitutionen für die Variablen der binären und ternären quadratischen Formen und zeigte, dass sich dabei die Diskriminante mit dem Quadrat der Substitutionsdeterminante ändert (Disquis. arithmeticae 1801). Das allgemeine Resultat für quadratische Formen ergibt sich aus dem Determinanten-Produktsatz von A. Cauchy und J. Binet (1815). Andere Keime der Theorie finden wir in den Untersuchungen über orthogonale Transformationen von quadratischen Formen in eine Summe von Quadraten und vor allem in der damals unter V. Poncelet (1788–1867), F. Möbius (1790–1868), M. Chasles (1793–1880), J. Steiner (1796–1863) und J. Plücker (1801–1868) entstandenen projektiven Geometrie. Als Beispiele seien der Trägheitssatz von Sylvester (1852; ist schon Jacobi um 1847 und Schläfli um 1851 bekannt gewesen) und das Doppelverhältnis von 4 Punkten genannt.
Investigation of the Transient Response of a Dual-Rotor System With Intershaft Squeeze Film Damper (1985)

A method is presented for calculating the dynamics of a dual-rotor gas turbine engine equipped with a flexible intershaft squeeze-film damper. The method is based on the functional expansion component synthesis method. The transient response of the rotor due to a suddenly applied unbalance in the high-pressure turbine under different steady-speed operations is calculated. The damping effects of the intershaft damper and stability of the rotor system are investigated.
Abstract 13705: Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Heart Failure: An Update Meta-Analysis (2022)

Introduction: Increasing evidence has suggested improved outcomes in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients with heart failure (HF) undergoing catheter ablation (CA) as compared to medical therapy. We sought to investigate the benefit of CA on outcomes of patients with AF and HF as compared to medical therapy. Methods: A systematic review of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Clinical Trials was performed for clinical studies evaluating the benefit of CA for patients with AF and HF. Primary endpoint was all-cause mortality. Secondary endpoints included atrial-arrhythmia recurrence and improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Results: Eight randomized controlled trials were included with a total of 2121 patients (mean age: 65 ± 5 years; 72% male). Mean follow-up duration was 32.9 ± 14.5 months. All-cause mortality in patients who underwent CA was significantly lower than in the medical treatment group (8.8% vs. 13.5%, RR 0.65, 95% CI 0.51-0.83, P=0.0005). A 35% relative risk reduction and 4.7% absolute risk reduction in all-cause mortality was observed with CA. Rates of atrial-arrhythmia recurrence were significantly lower in the CA group (39.9% vs 69.6%, RR 0.55, 95% CI 0.40-0.76, P=0.0003). Improvement in LVEF was significantly higher in patients undergoing CA (+9.4 ±7.6%) as compared to conventional treatment (+3.3±8%) (Mean difference 6.2, 95% CI 3.6-8.8, P&lt;0.00001). Conclusion: CA for AF in patients with HF decreases all-cause mortality, improves atrial-arrhythmia recurrence rate and LVEF when compared to medical management. CA should be considered the treatment of choice to improve survival in this select group of patients. Central Illustration summarizing study outcomes. A) All-cause mortality; B) Change in left ventricular ejection fraction; C) Atrial-arrhythmia recurrence 1
Understanding PubMed(R) user search behavior through log analysis (2009)

This article reports on a detailed investigation of PubMed users' needs and behavior as a step toward improving biomedical information retrieval. PubMed is providing free service to researchers with access to more than 19 million citations for biomedical articles from MEDLINE and life science journals. It is accessed by millions of users each day. Efficient search tools are crucial for biomedical researchers to keep abreast of the biomedical literature relating to their own research. This study provides insight into PubMed users' needs and their behavior. This investigation was conducted through the analysis of one month of log data, consisting of more than 23 million user sessions and more than 58 million user queries. Multiple aspects of users' interactions with PubMed are characterized in detail with evidence from these logs. Despite having many features in common with general Web searches, biomedical information searches have unique characteristics that are made evident in this study. PubMed users are more persistent in seeking information and they reformulate queries often. The three most frequent types of search are search by author name, search by gene/protein, and search by disease. Use of abbreviation in queries is very frequent. Factors such as result set size influence users' decisions. Analysis of characteristics such as these plays a critical role in identifying users' information needs and their search habits. In turn, such an analysis also provides useful insight for improving biomedical information retrieval.Database URL:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed.
Phosphotungstic Acid Supported on Mesoporous Graphitic Carbon Nitride as Catalyst for Oxidative Desulfurization of Fuel (2015)

The phosphotungstic acid/mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride catalyst was successfully prepared by immobilizing phosphotungstic acid (H3PW12O40, HPW) on mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride (mpg-C3N4). The prepared series of HPW/mpg-C3N4 catalysts was characterized via X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherm, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Results showed that the Keggin structure of HPW active species is still kept after being immobilized on the mpg-C3N4 surface. The HPW/mpg-C3N4 catalyst showed a high catalytic activity in the oxidative desulfurization process. Dibenzothiophene can be removed completely under optimal reaction conditions, and no significant decrease in the catalytic activity of the catalyst was observed after 15 recycles.
Evaluation of the antibody response to Anopheles salivary antigens as a potential marker of risk of malaria (2005)

The evaluation of human immune responses to arthropod bites may be a useful marker of exposure to vector-borne diseases, with applications to malaria, the most serious parasitic infection in humans. The specific antibody (Ab) IgG response to saliva obtained from Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes was evaluated in young children from an area of seasonal malaria transmission in Senegal. Specific IgG was higher in children who developed clinical Plasmodium falciparum malaria within the 3 months that followed than in those who did not (P<0.05), and it increased significantly (P<0.0001) with the level of Anopheles exposure, as evaluated by conventional entomological methods. These results suggest that evaluation of antisalivary Ab responses could be a useful approach for identifying a marker for the risk of malaria transmission.
Search for the Higgs Boson Produced in Association withZ→ℓ+ℓ−inpp¯Collisions ats=1.96  TeV (2008)

We present a search for the Higgs boson in the process qq-->ZH-->l;{+}l;{-}bb[over ]. The analysis uses an integrated luminosity of 1 fb;{-1} of pp[over ] collisions produced at sqrt[s]=1.96 TeV and accumulated by the upgraded Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF II). We employ artificial neural networks both to correct jets mismeasured in the calorimeter and to distinguish the signal kinematic distributions from those of the background. We see no evidence for Higgs boson production, and set 95% C.L. upper limits on sigma{ZH}B(H-->bb[over ]), ranging from 1.5 to 1.2 pb for a Higgs boson mass (m{H}) of 110 to 150 GeV/c(2).
Image Contrast in the SEM from 1 to 30 keV (1988)

The image produced by the SEM is not an intrinsic property of the object viewed but is also a function of the electron-optical conditions used to generate the image as well as of the chemical and geometric characteristics of the specimen itself. The image is therefore not a simple representation of the specimen, but must be interpreted to yield the desired information. A general purpose method for image interpretation is to perform a detailed contrast simulation for the specified object and to then examine the influence of various factors such the beam energy or signal mode on the form of the image so as to deduce the rules which relate the form of the image to the form of the specimen. In the computations shown here a Monte Carlo simulation is used to model the interaction of the incident beam. The generation of the secondary electron signal is incorporated using the method proposed by Salow, and the escape probability of these secondary electrons is computed using a simple exponential approximation.
Phospholipid Polymer Hydrogel Matrices with Dually Immobilized Cytokines for Accelerating Secretion of the Extracellular Matrix by Encapsulated Cells (2020)

Construction of 3D tissues by various types of cells with specific characteristics is an important and fundamental technology in tissue reconstruction medicine and animal-free diagnosis system. To do so, an excellent extracellular matrix (ECM) is needed for encapsulation of cells and maintaining cell activity. Spontaneously forming hydrogel matrix is used by complexation between two water-soluble polymers, 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine polymer bearing phenylboronic acid groups and poly(vinyl alcohol). Two cytokines for cell proliferation are immobilized in the hydrogel matrix to control the activities of the encapsulated cells. The cytokine-immobilized hydrogel matrix can encapsulate both L929 fibroblasts and normal human dermal fibroblasts under mild condition. The physical properties of the hydrogel matrix can follow the proliferation process of the encapsulated cells. The encapsulated cells secrete ECM in the polymer hydrogel networks upon 3D culturing for 7 days. Consequently, the tissue-mimicking ECM hybrid hydrogels are fabricated successfully.
Effects of packaging on mechanical stress in 3D-ICs (2015)

In this work the mechanical stress induced in 3D stacks by different packaging process steps is studied. The 3D stacks used in this work are assembled using two identical dies containing a number of stress sensors which are designed and manufactured in 65nm technology. It is observed that the contribution of the package substrate and the die-attach process to the redistribution of mechanical stress inside the 3D stacked IC is more significant than the one of the EMC and that the influence of packaging on the shape and amplitude of local stress around the inter-die interconnects (micro-bumps) is not significant. These observations are supported by the measurements of stress done using micro-Raman spectroscopy and are correlated with the results of finite element modeling and with optical warpage measurements of different packaging configurations.
SU-FF-J-33: Using CT Cine Data as An Alternative Method for Respiratory Phase Analysis and a Potential Method for Tumor Motion Study (2005)

Purpose: To demonstrate the use of cine images from 4D-CT imaging as an alternative method to obtain respiratory signal for sorting of the 4D-CT data, and as a tool to understand the relationship between the externally measured respiratory signal and the internal tumor motion. Method and Materials: Six lung patients were scanned in the tumor region with coverage of approximately 8 cm. The respiratory trace for each patient was clinically acquired using the RPM system placing the RPM block near the diaphragm. The cine images were used as an alternative method to obtain respiratory signal by measuring CT density variation versus time in a region of interest chosen at the boundary of tissues with high CT density contrast. We also placed a region of interest to measure the CT number changes as a way to describe the tumor motion in either superior-inferior or anterior-posterior direction. We compared the respiratory signal from RPM and the respiratory signal from cine images and correlated the two respiratory signals with the internal tumor motion (also from cine images). Results: Images can be sorted to become 4D-CT data using the respiratory signal measured from cine images. When compared to the RPM signal, the respiratory traces measured using the cine images, showed phase differences ranging from 2% to 25%. Tumor motions observed using the cine data for three patients showed 50% phase difference in S-I direction and 0% and 25% phase differences in A-P direction from the respiratory signal of the RPM block. Conclusion: We have demonstrated that cine data can be used as an alternative way of acquiring respiratory waveform for 4DCT images registration. The tumor motion can also be studied using the cine data. The 4D-CT data can also help us understand the relationship between internal tumor motion and the externally measured respiratory signal.
Preliminary study on the effect of stiffness on lamb wave propagation in bovine corneas (2013)

The viscoelastic properties of human cornea could provide valuable information for various clinical applications. Particularly, it will be helpful to achieve a patient-specific biomechanical optimization in LASIK refractive surgery, early detection of corneal ecstatic disease or improved accuracy of intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement. However, there are few techniques that are capable of accurately assessing the corneal elasticity in situ in a nondestructive fashion. In order to develop a quantitative method for assessing both elasticity and viscosity of the cornea, we use ultrasound radiation force to excite Lamb waves in cornea, and a pulse echo transducer to track the tissue vibration. The fresh postmortem bovine eyes were treated via collagen cross-linking to make the cornea stiff. The effect of stiffness was studied by comparing the propagation of Lamb waves in normal and treated corneas. It was found that the waveform of generated Lamb waves changed significantly due to the increase in higher modes in treated corneas. This result indicated that the generated waveform was a complex of multiple harmonics and the varied stiffness will affect the energy distribution over different components. Therefore, it is important for assessing the viscoelastic properties of the cornea to know the components of Lamb wave and calculate the phase velocity appropriately.
Differentiation of desquamative interstitial pneumonia (DIP) from pulmonary adenocarcinoma by immunocytochemistry (1998)

Before a diagnosis of DIP is made, cytokeratin markers should be used.
Study of hydrocarbon-shale interaction. Progress report No. 4, April 1--June 30, 1977 (1977)

Eighty-four measurements (diffusion constants, BET's, or ice temperature isotherm) were performed on 17 core samples of the Lincoln County number 20403 well. Outgassing analyses were made on 129 samples for CH/sub 4/, C/sub 2/H/sub 6/, C/sub 3/H/sub 8/, O/sub 2/, N/sub 2/, and CO/sub 2/. The first step toward the construction of an automated diffusion constant/isotherm system was completed.
Theorie der Gleichstromnetzwerke (1998)

Mit Hilfe von Spannungsquellen, Stromquellen,Widerständen oder Leitwerten lassen sich, wie im vorangegangenen Abschnitt bereits angedeutet wurde, beliebig komplizierte, vermaschte Anordnungen aufbauen. Die Untersuchung derartiger Gebilde ist Aufgabe der Netzwerktheorie. Die Elemente sind in den linearen Gleichstromnetzwerken die folgenden Zweipole: Unter der Einschränkung, dass Spannungsquellen nicht unmittelbar parallel und Stromquellen nicht in Serie geschaltet werden dürfen, ist grundsätzlich eine freizügige Vermaschung der Bauelemente zulässig. Die gesamte Anordnung bildet das Netzwerk; ein solches ist beispielhaft in Bild 5.1 dargestellt.
The IACUC Handbook (2006)

Since its establishment by USDA regulation in the mid-1980s, the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) has evolved as the premier instrument of animal welfare oversight within research institutions in the United States. By addressing questions and problems that often confront institutions, The IACUC Handbook, Second Edition