gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of threonine residues in regulation of the epidermal growth factor receptor by protein kinase C and mitogen-activated protein kinase (1993)

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor tyrosine kinase activity is down-regulated by a number of growth-modulating agents that activate protein kinase C and/or mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases. Although the mechanism is unclear, it has been hypothesized that phosphorylation of specific threonine residues leads to inhibition of the EGF receptor tyrosine kinase. Two sites phosphorylated on the EGF receptor in response to phorbol esters are possible mediators of this effect: threonine 654, the target of protein kinase C, and threonine 669, the target of MAP kinase and the major site of phosphorylation on the EGF receptor. In order to investigate the role of these residues in receptor regulation, we substituted glutamic acid to mimic the negative charge introduced by phosphorylation at these sites. The wild-type and mutant receptor cDNAs were then transfected into CHO cells that lack endogenous EGF receptor. The EGF binding properties of the mutant receptors were similar to those of the wild-type EGF receptors. EGF stimulated tyrosine kinase activity and DNA synthesis in cells expressing both mutant receptors, indicating that the mutant EGF receptors are biologically active. Treatment of cells with phorbol esters inhibited the high affinity EGF binding and tyrosine kinase activities of both mutant and wild-type EGF receptors. These results indicate that acidic residues at either the Thr-654 or Thr-669 site modulate but do not block EGF receptor signalling. Furthermore, this data demonstrates that the mutant EGF receptors are still a target for inhibition by phorbol esters. Thus, events other than phosphorylation of Thr-654 or Thr-669 appear to be required for receptor down-regulation by protein kinase C or MAP kinase.
Detection of Opportunistic Viral Infections in Biopsy Specimens. (2000)

Abstract Opportunistic viral infections in immunosurpressed patients may morphologically involve only a few cells. Identifying an optimal area by LM is most important before an attempt at detection of viral particles by EM. The purpose of this communication is to emphasize unusual and important structural findings for some viruses. BKV - BK polyomavirus latently infects renal tubular epithelial cells. Immunosuppressed patients many develop reactivation with resultant tubular cell damage and acute interstitial nephritis. Ultrastructural examination shows spherical and tubular virus particles of typical polyomavirus. Cross sections of the tubular form of this virus may contain electron dense cores (fig.l). Cells may be coinfected with HIV on rare occasions (fig.2). JCV - JC polyomavirus is the major cause of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). JCV are rarely seen in reactive bizarre astrocytes. Biopsy of the tissue at the periphery of lesions of PML is likely to include JC-infected oligodendrocytes; it is important to appreciate that astrocytes, regardless of appearance, are unlikely to contain the virus.
1P139 A Molecular Simulation Study to Investigate Actin Filament Elongation Mechanism(10.Muscle,Poster,The 51st Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society of Japan) (2013)

Theoretical calculations have indicated protein low-frequency motions exist in a terahertz (THz; 1 THz ~ 33 cm -1 ) region. These motions are functionally-related movements such as open-close motions of active cites. Since protein structure is always thermally fluctuating surrounded by solvent, it is essential to study temperature and hydration dependence of protein low-frequency dynamics. We obtained THz spectra depending on these parameters by THz time-domain spectroscopy from 83 to 293 K. In a dehydrated state absorption spectra linearly increased with a rise in temperature. In contrast to this, at a hydrated state increasing rates of the spectra became more intense at around 190 K. We discuss spectral components in the hydrated state by fitting with model functions.
Development of the normal XY male and sex‐reversed XXSxr pseudomale mouse epididymis (1991)

XXSxr pseudomale mice (chromosomally XX animals "sex-reversed" by the Sxr factor) develop testes and produce sufficient androgens for masculinization as assessed at the macroscopic level. However, adult XXSxr pseudomales lack the epididymal initial segment (I.S.). In this study prenatal and postnatal epididymal development was examined histologically and biochemically, and it was found that XXSxr pseudomales are indistinguishable from normal XY males up to day 21 of postnatal life. By 25 days postnatally, before the onset of the pubertal androgen surge, the I.S. precursor is evident in normal animals but absent in XXSxr mutants. No major abnormalities were seen in other segments of the XXSxr epididymis. Our data suggest that androgen levels in testis and epididymis are not higher in normal XY males than in XXSxr pseudomale mice of the same age. Inadequate availability of androgens at the target site is unlikely to be the cause of the epididymal abnormality in XXSxr pseudomale mice.
THE EFFECT OF GRADE ON VERTICAL GROUND REACTION FORCE DURING TREADMILL WALKING (1998)

1640 Incline treadmill walking is used in rehabilitation because it increases muscle activity and cardiovascular response compared to walking on the level. Walking on an incline also reduces pain for many knee rehabilitation patients. The purpose of this study was to compare the peak vertical ground reaction forces (VGRF) from walking on a treadmill at six grades. Fourteen healthy subjects (Age = 28.4 ± 4.6 y, Ht = 1.738 ± 0.120 m, Mass = 75.7± 15.5 kg) walked at -5, 0, 5, 10 and 20% grades at a constant pace(1.21 ± 0.08 m·s-1) that was self-selected at 10% grade. VGRF data were collected (1200 Hz) from a Gaitway treadmill equipped with two Kistler force plates. The active vertical peak force at heel strike(Fhs) and push-off (Fpo) were the dependent measures. Repeated measures ANOVA with post hoc contrasts was used to determine differences in VGRF between grades. The Fhs ranged from a maximum of 117% body weight(BW) at -5% grade to a minimum of 104% BW at 5 and 10% grades, and displayed a significant cubic trend (p = 0.0004). The pattern for Fpo was just the opposite, ranging from a minimum of 105% BW at -5% grade to a maximum of 117% BW at 5% grade, and also displayed a significant cubic trend (p = 0.0000). The Fhs at 5 and 10% grades was significantly less than level walking and at all other grades. The Fpo at 5% grade was significantly greater than level and downhill walking, and similar to steeper grades. The Fhs is a major determinant of the repetitive force transmitted up the kinetic chain to the ankle, knee and hip joints during gait, and may explain why symptoms in some patients with lower extremity problems are reduced when walking at an incline.
The effect of nitrous oxide on the cuff pressure of the laryngeal tube (2002)

We read with great interest recent␣correspondence (Mandal. Anasthesia 2001, 56: 372, Asai & Kawachi. Anasthesia 2001, 56: 911–2) raising concern that the pressure exerted by the cuff of the laryngeal tube on the oropharynx might produce mucosal damage. The intracuff pressure may be additionally enhanced by the use of nitrous oxide, which diffuses more rapidly into the cuff than nitrogen diffuses out, thus creating excessive pressure, even when the initial sealing pressure is satisfactory [1]. In our study of 30 ASA I and II patients (after obtaining Human Ethics Committee approval and written consent from all patients) scheduled for elective arthroscopy, we assessed the diffusion of nitrous oxide into the cuffs of the laryngeal tube and its effect on cuff pressure. After induction of general anaesthesia and muscular relaxation, a size 4 laryngeal tube (the new version of the laryngeal tube with 0.3 mm cuff wall thickness) was used and cuffs were inflated with the aid of␣a manometer to a pressure of 60 cmH2O. All patients were mechanically ventilated and anaesthesia was maintained with isoflurane in 70% nitrous oxide and 30% oxygen. Oropharyngeal cuff pressures were measured at 10 min intervals for a period of 30 min. The concentration of nitrous oxide in the cuffs was measured after 3 min of anaesthesia by infrared spectrometry using an AS-3 monitor (Datex, Engstrom, Helsinki, Finland) calibrated with air and volumetrically prepared standards. A significant increase in intracuff pressure was noted at 10, 20 and 30 min of anaesthesia. At 30 min, the cuff pressure had progressively increased by a mean of 15 (SD 4) cm H2O. The mean nitrous oxide concentration in the cuff after 30 min of anaesthesia was 19% (SD 11%). We conclude that monitoring the oropharyngeal cuff pressure may be helpful in avoiding excessive pressure of the cuffs of the laryngeal tube. None of the supraglottic airway devices is ideal concerning intracuff pressure and the resultant oropharyngeal mucosal damage, but it is important to emphasise that in comparison with other supraglottic airway devices, the laryngeal tube has a relatively low intracuff pressure [2-4].
Combined experimental andab initiostudy of the electronic structure of narrow-diameter single-wall carbon nanotubes with predominant (6,4),(6,5) chirality (2010)

Narrow diameter tubes and especially (6,5) tubes with a diameter of 0.75 nm are currently one of the most studied carbon nanotubes because their unique optical and especially luminescence response makes them exceptionally suited for biomedical applications. Here we report on a detailed analysis of the electronic structure of nanotubes with (6,5) and (6,4) chiralities using a combined experimental and theoretical approach. From high-energy spectroscopy involving x-ray absorption and photoemission spectroscopy the detailed valence- and conduction-band response of these narrow diameter tubes is studied. The observed electronic structure is in sound agreement with state of the art ab initio calculations using density-functional theory.
k-Sparse Autoencoders (2013)

Recently, it has been observed that when representations are learnt in a way that encourages sparsity, improved performance is obtained on classification tasks. These methods involve combinations of activation functions, sampling steps and different kinds of penalties. To investigate the effectiveness of sparsity by itself, we propose the k-sparse autoencoder, which is an autoencoder with linear activation function, where in hidden layers only the k highest activities are kept. When applied to the MNIST and NORB datasets, we find that this method achieves better classification results than denoising autoencoders, networks trained with dropout, and RBMs. k-sparse autoencoders are simple to train and the encoding stage is very fast, making them well-suited to large problem sizes, where conventional sparse coding algorithms cannot be applied.
Localization of the amide function in the sequence of peptide antibiotic trichotoxin A 40 (1982)

By treatment with trifluoroacetic acid at 37°C the octadecapeptide antibiotic complex trichotoxin A 40 could be cleaved into three homologous N-acetylated dodecapeptides and two homologous pseudohexapeptides. After separation the peptides were converted to trimethylsilylated N-ethylpolyamino alcohols and investigated by capillary gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Mass spectrometric analysis demonstrated the presence of a glutamine residue at position 6 and of a glutamic acid residue at position 17.
[Multimodality therapy for high-risk prostate cancer]. (2016)

Multimodal approach should be provided for high-risk prostate cancer patients. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is a standard adjunct to radiotherapy for high-risk prostate cancer, but its role around prostatectomy has not been clearly defined. In a well-selected patient group, radical prostatectomy with adjuvant or salvage treatment when needed can yield very high long-term cancer control and survival rates. The role of pelvic lymph node dissection during radical prostatectomy is still controversial. Recent randomized controlled trials have demonstrated improved outcomes with the combination of radiotherapy in conjunction with ADT and docetaxel for high-risk prostate cancer. Innovations to detect oligometastasis, and systemic chemotherapies combined with local therapy will open up new landscape for further improved outcomes in patients with high-risk prostate cancer.
728. The ultra-violet absorption spectra of phenylpyrimidines (1951)

A. Maggiolo and P. B. Russell, J. Chem. Soc., 1951, 3297 DOI: 10.1039/JR9510003297
Comparison of laser ablation, electrothermal vaporization and solution nebulization for the determination of radionuclides in liquid samples by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (2006)

The performance of solution nebulization (SN), electrothermal vaporization (ETV) and laser ablation (LA) of dried micro-droplets as sample introduction systems for ICP-MS are compared for the determination of several radionuclides in digested biological tissue, nearshore sea-water and river water. Samples were subjected to a Ca3(PO4)2 co-precipitation preconcentration prior to analysis. Each introduction system possesses unique advantages and disadvantages. ETV accommodates samples having higher dissolved solids content; consequently, for SN and LA, sample concentrates require additional dilution by 50- and 10-fold, respectively. ETV and LA achieved similar sensitivities and limits of detection, the latter ranging from 0.017 to 0.029 pg ml−1. Although SN provides the best precision (2% RSD versus 7 and 8% for ETV and LA, respectively), formation of uranium hydride can be reduced at least 100-fold using LA of dried micro-droplets of samples. The accuracy of the method was validated by determination of U and Th in NIST SRM 1566b Oyster Tissue, NRC CRM CASS-4 Nearshore Seawater and SLRS-4 Riverine Water and via spike recoveries for Pu.
Fluffy: Simplified Key Exchange for Constrained Environments (2016)

This document proposes a simplified key exchange protocol for the
establishment of a symmetric key shared between two devices or
entities within a constrained environment. The pair-wise key
establishment is performed using the mediation of a trusted Simple Key
Distribution Center (SKDC) entity. The protocol also supports the
mediated distribution of a group-key among multiple devices or
entities for the purposes of protecting multicast messages.
Community-owned resource persons for malaria vector control: enabling factors and challenges in an operational programme in Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania (2011)

Improved employment conditions as well as involving the local health committees in recruiting individual program staff, communication and community engagement skills are required to optimize achieving effective community participation, particularly to improve access to fenced compounds. A simpler, more direct, less extensive community-based surveillance system in the hands of a few, less burdened, better paid and maintained program personnel may improve performance and data quality.
SELECTIVE INTRAPORTAL HEPATOCYTE TRANSPLANTATION IN ANALBUMINEMIC AND GUNN RATS (1993)

Although significant progress has been achieved in isolated hepatocyte transplantation, the optimal site of cell implantation has not yet been determined. We have developed a novel experimental method of intraportal hepatocyte transplantation that allows easy assessment of the morphology and function of transplanted hepatocytes. Donor hepatocytes were harvested from Sprague-Dawley rats by in situ EDTA/collagenase perfusion. Fifteen recipient Nagase analbuminemic rats (NAR) underwent cannulation of the gastroduodenal vein under ether anesthesia. Either the posterior or anterior liver lobes were selectively infused with cells by occluding the portal venous supply of the nontransplanted liver lobes. Normal donor hepatocytes (2 x 10(7)) suspended in normal saline were infused over 1 min (4 ml). Recipients were treated with cyclosporine for the duration of the experiment. Plasma albumin levels were determined by ELISA, before and at various intervals after transplantation. In NAR rats transplanted with normal hepatocytes, there was a significant (P < 0.003) and sustained (12 weeks) increase in plasma albumin levels. Control NAR rats transplanted with NAR hepatocytes (n = 8) showed no significant changes in plasma albumin levels. Similarly, normal Wistar hepatocytes were infused intraportally into the posterior lobes of Gunn rats (n = 4), which lack the ability to conjugate bilirubin. Pre- and posttransplantation bile was collected following bile duct cannulation. Bile analysis by HPLC, demonstrated a significant (P = 0.04) increase in the level of bilirubin conjugates following transplantation and a corresponding decrease in total serum bilirubin (P = 0.04). Our experimental data demonstrate that direct selective intraportal infusion of hepatocytes is an effective technique of hepatocyte transplantation in the rat.
Poly(pyridinium iodide ionic liquid)-based electron injection layers for solution-processed organic light-emitting devices (2016)

Solution-processable poly(pyridinium iodide ionic liquid)-based electron-injection materials achieved more effective electron injection than the conventional Li-complex in OLEDs.
The role of XTRAP-gamma in Xenopus pronephros development (2005)

We isolated and characterized the Xenopus translocon-associated protein XTRAP-gamma, one of four subunits of the translocon-associated protein complex. TRAP has been proposed to aid the translocation of nascent polypeptides into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum, but this has not been demonstrated until now. XTRAP-gamma was specifically expressed in the pronephros tubules of Xenopus laevis from stage 25 during kidney development. Antisense morpholino oligonucleotide-mediated knockdown of XTRAP-gamma suppressed tubulogenesis and decreased expression of the pronephros marker genes Pax-2 and Wnt-4. XTRAP-gamma morpholinos also inhibited differentiation of the pronephros in activin/retinoic acid-treated animal caps. We conclude that XTRAP-gamma plays an important role in the process of pronephros differentiation.
ChemInform Abstract: RK. MIT ELEKTRONENTRANSFER 2. MITT. RED. VON ENONEN MIT ALKALIMETALL‐LOESUNGEN (1970)

Abstract Mit Na oder Li in Hexamethylphosphoramid oder flüssigem Ammoniak werden die Enone (I) zu den Ketonen (II) und (III) reduziert.
Evaluation of Tibial Fixation Devices for Quadrupled Hamstring ACL Reconstruction (2022)

The study findings emphasize the importance of the tension at which fixation is performed.
Antibacterial, antifungal and antitubercular activity of (the roots of) Pelargonium reniforme (CURT) and Pelargonium sidoides (DC) (Geraniaceae) root extracts (2006)

Root extracts of Pelargonium reniforme CURT and Pelargonium sidoides DC were evaluated for antibacterial and antifungal assays using the agar dilution while antitubercular assays were done using the BACTEC method at concentrations ranging from 5 × 103 to 500.0 mg/L. The ethanol and acetone extracts of the roots of P. sidoides inhibited the growth of Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Streptococcus pneumoniae at a concentration of 5 × 103 mg/L. Both acetone and ethanol extracts of P. reniforme and only the ethanol extract of P. sidoides inhibited the growth of Aspergillus niger and Fusarium oxysporum significantly at a concentration of 5 × 103 mg/L. Growth of Rhizopus stolonifer was suppressed by the ethanol extract of P. reniforme and P. sidoides at 5 × 103 and 1 × 103 mg/L, respectively. Acetone, chloroform and ethanol extracts of P. reniforme showed activity against M. tuberculosis exhibiting a minimum inhibitory concentration of 5 × 103 mg/L.
Nonuniform sampling: Bandwidth and aliasing (2001)

For spectroscopic measurements there are good reasons why one might consider using nonuniformly nonsimultaneously sampled complex data. The primary one is that the effective bandwidth, the largest spectral window free of aliases, can be much wider than with uniformly sampled data. In this paper we discuss nonuniformly nonsimultaneously sampled data, describe how these data are traditionally analyzed, analyze them using probability theory and show how probability theory generalizes the discrete Fourier transform: first for uniformly sampled data, then for nonuniformly sampled data and finally for nonuniformly nonsimultaneously sampled data. These generalizations demonstrate that aliases are not so much removed by nonuniform nonsimultaneous sampling as they are moved to much higher frequencies.
Electroencephalographic imaging of higher brain function (1999)

High temporal resolution is necessary to resolve the rapidly changing patterns of brain activity that underlie mental function. Electroencephalography (EEG) provides temporal resolution in the millisecond range. However, traditional EEG technology and practice provide insufficient spatial detail to identify relationships between brain electrical events and structures and functions visualized by magnetic resonance imaging or positron emission tomography. Recent advances help to overcome this problem by recording EEGs from more electrodes, by registering EEG data with anatomical images, and by correcting the distortion caused by volume conduction of EEG signals through the skull and scalp. In addition, statistical measurements of sub-second interdependences between EEG time-series recorded from different locations can help to generate hypotheses about the instantaneous functional networks that form between different cortical regions during perception, thought and action. Example applications are presented from studies of language, attention and working memory. Along with its unique ability to monitor brain function as people perform everyday activities in the real world, these advances make modern EEG an invaluable complement to other functional neuroimaging modalities.
Sulfur as a Standard of Reflectance in the Infrared (1963)

The development of an instrumental setup for measuring reflectance of diffusing materials in the infrared region from 2 to 15 μ and a standard for reflectance measurements in that range are described. Magnesium oxide, which generally is used as a standard for reflectance measurements in the visible range, has a very low reflectance beyond 2.7 μ. Flowers of sulfur, containing an estimated amount of approximately 30% mu form of sulfur, or other sulfurs which contain more than 30% mu sulfur, such as vaporized and quenched high-polymer sulfur, have been studied as a reference material in the determination of the infrared reflectance of diffusely reflecting surfaces; and the calculations have been shown for its application in reflectance measurements. The selection of the mu sulfur compounds has been discussed, based on comparison with other sulfur forms which lack the required characteristics for a suitable reference standard in infrared reflectance work.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of A bacterial effector acts as a plant transcription factor and induces a cell size regulator. (2007)

Pathogenicity of many Gram-negative bacteria relies on the injection of effector proteins by type III secretion into eukaryotic cells, where they modulate host signaling pathways to the pathogen's benefit. One such effector protein injected by Xanthomonas into plants is AvrBs3, which localizes to the plant cell nucleus and causes hypertrophy of plant mesophyll cells. We show that AvrBs3 induces the expression of a master regulator of cell size, upa20, which encodes a transcription factor containing a basic helix-loop-helix domain. AvrBs3 binds to a conserved element in the upa20 promoter via its central repeat region and induces gene expression through its activation domain. Thus, AvrBs3 and likely other members of this family provoke developmental reprogramming of host cells by mimicking eukaryotic transcription factors. PMID: 17962565
Kinetics of Bromine−Magnesium Exchange Reactions in Heteroaryl Bromides (2009)

Competition experiments are reported which compare the relative reactivities of bromoheteroarenes toward i-PrMgCl x LiCl in THF at 0 degrees C.