gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extracellular Nucleotide Catabolism by the Group B Streptococcus Ectonucleotidase NudP Increases Bacterial Survival in Blood (2014)

Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus) is a commensal of the human intestine and vagina of adult women but is the leading cause of invasive infection in neonates. This Gram-positive bacterium displays a set of virulence-associated surface proteins involved in the interaction with the host, such as adhesion to host cells, invasion of tissues, or subversion of the immune system. In this study, we characterized a cell wall-localized protein as an ecto-5'-nucleoside diphosphate phosphohydrolase (NudP) involved in the degradation of extracellular nucleotides which are central mediators of the immune response. Biochemical characterization of recombinant NudP revealed a Mn(2+)-dependent ecto-5'-nucleotidase activity on ribo- and deoxyribonucleoside 5'-mono- and 5'-diphosphates with a substrate specificity different from that of known orthologous enzymes. Deletion of the gene coding the housekeeping enzyme sortase A led to the release of NudP into the culture supernatant, confirming that this enzyme is anchored to the cell wall by its non-canonical LPXTN motif. The NudP ecto-5'-nucleotidase activity is reminiscent of the reactions performed by the mammalian ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 involved in regulating the extracellular level of ATP and adenosine. We further demonstrated that the absence of NudP activity decreases bacterial survival in mouse blood, a process dependent on extracellular adenosine. In vivo assays in animal models of infection showed that NudP activity is critical for virulence. These results demonstrate that Group B Streptococcus expresses a specific ecto-5'-nucleotidase necessary for its pathogenicity and highlight the diversity of reactions performed by this enzyme family. These results suggest that bacterial pathogens have developed specialized strategies to subvert the mammalian immune response controlled by the extracellular nucleotide signaling pathways.
First Cell Magnet System Tests (1981)

The ISABELLE refrigeration system utilizes compressed liquid helium to supply refrigeration to nearly 1100 superconducting bending and focusing magnets. These magnets steer the proton orbits of the accelerator and are arranged into two interlocking rings. The total heat load that the refrigerator must provide is made up of the heat load of the magnets, magnet leads and vessels and the interconnecting piping to the refrigerator. The design and test results of the magnet system during various operating conditions in use on the ISABELLE prototype, the First Cell, are described.
Is heterozygous alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency type PiZ a risk factor for primary liver carcinoma? (2000)

Heterozygotes of type PiZ are associated with an increased risk of primary liver carcinoma. PiZ-associated carcinoma may develop in noncirrhotic liver tissue and without concurrent liver disease, and is frequently characterized by cholangiocellular differentiation. The site specific antibody ATZ11 is a reliable morphologic tool for detecting PiZ individuals.
Patient-Specific Simulation of Coronary Artery Pressure Measurements: An In Vivo Three-Dimensional Validation Study in Humans (2015)

Pressure measurements using finite element computations without the need of a wire could be valuable in clinical practice. Our aim was to compare the computed distal coronary pressure values with the measured values using a pressure wire, while testing the effect of different boundary conditions for the simulation. Eight coronary arteries (lumen and outer vessel wall) from six patients were reconstructed in three-dimensional (3D) space using intravascular ultrasound and biplane angiographic images. Pressure values at the distal and proximal end of the vessel and flow velocity values at the distal end were acquired with the use of a combo pressure-flow wire. The 3D lumen and wall models were discretized into finite elements; fluid structure interaction (FSI) and rigid wall simulations were performed for one cardiac cycle both with pulsatile and steady flow in separate simulations. The results showed a high correlation between the measured and the computed coronary pressure values (coefficient of determination [r[superscript 2]] ranging between 0.8902 and 0.9961), while the less demanding simulations using steady flow and rigid walls resulted in very small relative error. Our study demonstrates that computational assessment of coronary pressure is feasible and seems to be accurate compared to the wire-based measurements.
Casing Design for Trapped Annular Pressure Buildup (1994)

Summary Conventional single-string analysis for casing design with annular-fluid expansion can underpredict or overpredict pressures between strings because multistring effects are neglected. Multiple-string systems with multiple sealed annuii behave as composite interactive systems. This paper presents a constitutive-based multistring analysis method for composite string effects and complex fluid behavior. The composite stiffness of cemented casings is determined from elastic stress/strain relationships, and the nonlinear fluid behavior is modeled by direct use of fluid PVT relations in the formulation and solution. The method is incorporated in a computer model linking comprehensive stress calculations to accurate temperature and pressure predictions. Sensitivity studies of the system response to various key parameters and operating conditions are presented, and comparisons are made with single-string analyses to demonstrate the strong interaction between casing strings.
Halothane reduces force and intracellular Ca2+ in airway smooth muscle independently of cyclic nucleotides (1995)

Halothane relaxes airway smooth muscle in part by a direct effect on the smooth muscle cell. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible role of cyclic nucleotides in this direct effect. Strips of canine tracheal smooth muscle in vitro were contracted with acetylcholine (ACh) and then exposed to 0.7-2.6% halothane. Isometric force and the intracellular concentrations of adenosine cyclic 3',5'-monophosphate ([cAMP]i) guanosine cyclic 3',5'-monophosphate ([cGMP]i), and free calcium ([Ca2+]i, using the fluorescent Ca(2+)-sensitive dye fura 2) were measured. ACh caused significant increases in force, [cAMP]i, [cGMP]i, and [Ca2+]i. Subsequent exposure of the strips to halothane caused an additional increase in [cAMP]i, decreases in force and [Ca2+]i, and no effect on [cGMP]i. The additional increase in [cAMP]i was similar to that produced by a concentration of isoproterenol (0.03 microM) that caused equipotent relaxation. Indomethacin abolished the increase in [cAMP]i produced by ACh and abolished the additional increase in [cAMP]i produced by halothane. In contrast, indomethacin had no effect on the decreases in force and [Ca2+]i. These findings suggest that in canine tracheal smooth muscle contracted with ACh 1) halothane increases [cAMP]i by a cyclooxygenase-dependent mechanism and 2) the increase in [cAMP]i produced by halothane is not responsible for the relaxation or the decrease in [Ca2+]i.
Tumor necrosis factor decreases thrombin receptor expression in endothelial cells (1996)

We examined the effects of the proinflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), on the expression of proteolytically activated thrombin receptor (PATR) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). PATR mRNA and protein levels were measured in confluent HUVEC monolayers after challenge with TNFα. Northern analysis indicated that TNFα treatment resulted in 2- to 3-fold decrease in PATR mRNA in a time- and dose-dependent manner. PATR mRNA level returned to the control level within 6 hr. The nuclear run-on assay indicated that the decreased mRNA signal was due to reduction in the transcription rate. Immunoblotting experiments indicated that the decrease in expression of PATR protein followed in time the decrease in mRNA; the lowest level of protein expression was achieved at 22 hr after TNFα treatment. PATR protein returned to basal value within 40 hr after TNFα challenge. To assess alterations in endothelial cell function after TNFα treatment, we measured thrombin-induced increase in cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) and the cell shape change (measured by decrease in electrical impedance of endothelial cell monolayer). In HUVEC treated with TNFα (100 U/ml for 22 hr), the rise in [Ca2+]i after thrombin challenge was ∼2-fold less than in control thrombin-treated cells. The decrease in electrical impedance of HUVEC monolayers in response to thrombin after TNFα treatment was also significantly reduced. However, the rise in [Ca2+]i in response to histamine was not altered by TNFα pretreatment. In conclusion, TNFα exposure of endothelial cells decreased both mRNA and protein expression of PATR, which explain the decreased activation of thrombin generated signals after the TNFα exposure. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Data from ICOS Is an Indicator of T-cell–Mediated Response to Cancer Immunotherapy (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Immunotherapy is innovating clinical cancer management. Nevertheless, only a small fraction of patient's benefit from current immunotherapies. To improve clinical management of cancer immunotherapy, it is critical to develop strategies for response monitoring and prediction. In this study, we describe inducible T-cell costimulator (ICOS) as a conserved mediator of immune response across multiple therapy strategies. ICOS expression was evaluated by flow cytometry, &lt;sup&gt;89&lt;/sup&gt;Zr-DFO-ICOS mAb PET/CT imaging was performed on Lewis lung cancer models treated with different immunotherapy strategies, and the change in tumor volume was used as a read-out for therapeutic response. ImmunoPET imaging of ICOS enabled sensitive and specific detection of activated T cells and early benchmarking of immune response. A STING (stimulator of interferon genes) agonist was identified as a promising therapeutic approach in this manner. The STING agonist generated significantly stronger immune responses as measured by ICOS ImmunoPET and delayed tumor growth compared with programmed death-1 checkpoint blockade. More importantly, ICOS ImmunoPET enabled early and robust prediction of therapeutic response across multiple treatment regimens. These data show that ICOS is an indicator of T-cell–mediated immune response and suggests ICOS ImmunoPET as a promising strategy for monitoring, comparing, and predicting immunotherapy success in cancer.&lt;/p&gt;Significance:&lt;p&gt;ICOS ImmunoPET is a promising strategy to noninvasively predict and monitor immunotherapy response.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;See related commentary by Choyke, p. 2975&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Projections and the Potential Societal Impact of the Future of Neurotechnologies (2021)

Traditionally, recording from and stimulating the brain with high spatial and temporal resolution required invasive means. However, recently, the technical capabilities of less invasive and non-invasive neuro-interfacing technology have been dramatically improving, and laboratories and funders aim to further improve these capabilities. These technologies can facilitate functions such as multi-person communication, mood regulation and memory recall. We consider a potential future where the less invasive technology is in high demand. Will this demand match that the current-day demand for a smartphone? Here, we draw upon existing research to project which particular neuroethics issues may arise in this potential future and what preparatory steps may be taken to address these issues.
Antibody effector analysis of prime versus prime-boost immunizations with a recombinant measles-vectored chikungunya virus vaccine (2021)

Chikungunya is a mosquito-borne disease that causes periodic but explosive epidemics of acute disease throughout the tropical world. Vaccine development against chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has been hampered by an inability to conduct efficacy trials due to the unpredictability of CHIKV outbreaks. Therefore, immune correlates are being explored to gain inference into vaccine-induced protection. This study is an in-depth serological characterization of Fab- and Fc-mediated antibody responses in selected phase II clinical trial participants following immunization with the recombinant measles-vectored CHIKV vaccine, MV-CHIK. Antibody comparisons were conducted between participants who received prime and those who received prime-boost vaccine regimens. MV-CHIK vaccination elicited potent Fab-mediated antibody responses (such as CHIKV-specific IgG, neutralization, and avidity), including dominant IgG3 responses, which translated into strong antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis. At 1 month, prime-boost immunization led to significantly greater responses in every measured Fab and Fc antibody parameter. Interestingly, prime-boost-elicited antibodies decreased rapidly over time, until at 6 months both vaccine regimens displayed similar antibody profiles. Nonetheless, antibody avidity and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis remained significantly greater following boost immunization. Our observations suggest that a prime-boost administration of MV-CHIK will be more appropriate for CHIKV-endemic regions, while a prime-only regimen may be sufficient for travel purposes or outbreak situations.
Effect of Fat Source on Relative Activity of Pregastric Esterase and on Gleceride Composition of Intestinal Contents (1971)

Sham-fed nonfat milk was incubated with filled milks containing 8% of various fats and oils. When related to evaporated milk (7.9% fat, relative activity 100), activities for butteroil, colostrum fat, coconut fat, choice white pork grease, refined lard, tallow, soybean oil, and corn oil were 87.3, 87.2, 70.8, 28.5, 14.1, 14.2, 22.9 and 18.1.
Bias-dependence of luminescent coupling efficiency in multijunction solar cells (2015)

In this work, we demonstrate an improved method to simulate the characteristics of multijunction solar cell by introducing a bias-dependent luminescent coupling efficiency. The standard two-diode equivalent-circuit model with constant luminescent coupling efficiency has limited accuracy because it does not include the recombination current from photogenerated carriers. Therefore, we propose an alternative analytical method with bias-dependent luminescent coupling efficiency to model multijunction cell behavior. We show that there is a noticeable difference in the J-V characteristics and cell performance generated by simulations with a constant vs. bias-dependent coupling efficiency. The results indicate that introducing a bias-dependent coupling efficiency produces more accurate modeling of multijunction cell behavior under real operating conditions.
Increased muscle echointensity correlates with clinical disability and muscle strength in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (2021)

Increased muscle echointensity, reflecting fibrosis and fatty infiltration due to secondary axonal damage, correlated to muscular strength and disability in a large cohort of CIDP patients. Alterations of echointensity occur in both typical and atypical CIDP patients and are pronounced in the distal leg muscles.
Survey of rickettsial antibodies at two local sites and review of rickettsiosis in Papua New Guinea. (2006)

The status of rickettsial infection in Papua New Guinea (PNG) is unknown although several reports of typhus-like illnesses infecting predominantly white settlers and the Allied troops during World War 2 were published between 1930 and 1945. We performed a serological survey for evidence of rickettsial infection by measuring rickettsia-specific antibody levels in the blood of 191 non-randomly selected Papua New Guineans living in Port Moresby (n=93) and in the highland villages of Samberigi (n=98). Antibodies were measured by a microimmunofluorescence method using a panel of rickettsial antigens of a number of species and strains. In addition, we have reviewed the current status of rickettsiosis in PNG. Overall, we were able to demonstrate significant titres of antibodies to two groups of rickettsiae, the scrub typhus group (STG) and the spotted fever group (SFG). All positive individuals (7/191) were residents of Port Moresby. None from the highlands showed any significant levels of antibodies to rickettsiae. The strains detected within each group were Gilliam and Karp for STG and, for SFG, Rickettsia honei, R. conorii, R. sibirica, R. rickettsii, R. australis and R. akari. No significant antibody titres to typhus group infection were detected in either Port Moresby or highland volunteers. These findings were not surprising given previous reports of typhus-like illnesses and favourable environmental characteristics for rickettsiae in some parts of PNG. Until a definite status of this disease is known, we suggest that rickettsial infection be included as a differential diagnosis for patients presenting with acute febrile illness in Port Moresby and surrounding areas.
A case of suspected Escherichia coli-associated meningitis accompanied by human bocavirus detection in the cerebrospinal fluid of a 13-day-old newborn (2016)

Introduction: The human bocavirus (HBoV) type 1 is associated with respiratory infections and causes mild-to-severe disease in all age groups. The virus is also associated with infections in other sites, such as the nervous system, but little is known about the disease process. As an animal model is not available to study HBoV pathogenesis, clinical case reports, cohort studies, and cell culture data remain the major sources of information about the virus. Case presentation: This article reports a clinical case of suspected meningitis associated with HBoV-DNA detection in cerebrospinal fluid and nasopharyngeal wash, accompanied by Escherichia coli infection in a 13-day-old male patient. Conclusion: Although an etiological role of HBoV cannot be proven in this clinical case, the observations made confirm those from earlier studies. There appear to be a small number of cases in which HBoV – actively or passively – is able to pass the blood–brain barrier and contribute to clinical disease. Taking into account that there are a large number of neurological cases in which no pathogen can be detected, we suggest that detection of HBoV be included in routine cerebrospinal fluid screening protocols, particularly multiplex diagnostic assays.
Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction (1985)

List of Symbols.Introduction.Atomic Structure and Interatomic Bonding.The Structure of Crystalline Solids.Imperfections in Solids.Diffusion.Mechanical Properties of Metals.Dislocations and Strengthening Mechanisms.Failure.Phase Diagrams.Phase Transformations in Metals: Development of Microstructure and Alteration of Mechanical Properties.Thermal Processing of Metal Alloys.Metals Alloys.Structures and Properties of Ceramics.Applications and Processing of Ceramics.Polymer Structures.Characteristics, Applications, and Processing of Polymers.Composites.Corrosion and Degradation of Materials.Electrical Properties.Thermal Properties.Magnetic Properties.Optical Properties.Materials Selection and Design Considerations.Economic, Environmental, and Societal Issues in Materials Science and Engineering.Appendix A: The International System of Units (SI).Appendix B: Properties of Selected Engineering Materials.Appendix C: Costs and Relative Costs for Selected Engineering Materials.Appendix D: Mer Structures for Common Polymers.Appendix E: Glass Transition and Melting Temperatues for Common Polymeric Materials.Glossary.Answers to Selected Problems.Index.
Enhancing vascular visualization in laser speckle contrast imaging of blood flow using multi‐focus image fusion (2018)

Laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) is a full-field optical imaging method for monitoring blood flow and vascular morphology with high spatiotemporal resolution. However, due to the limited depth of field of optical system, it is difficult to capture a clear blood flow image with all blood vessels focused, especially for the non-planar biological tissues. In this study, a multi-focus image fusion method based on contourlet transform is introduced to reduce the misfocus effects in LSCI. The experimental results suggest that this method can provide an all-in-focus blood flow image, which is convenient to observe the blood vessels.
All systems go for HIV vaccine development (2015)

Systematically mapping diverse antibody effector functions induced by candidate HIV vaccines moves toward pinpointing a protective strategy.
Flexible Fibreoptic Bronchoscopy Without Fluoroscopic Guidance In The Diagnosis Of Peripheral Lung Tumours (1996)

Flexible fibreoptic bronchoscopy was performed without fluoroscopic guidance in 70 patients with endoscopically nonvisible lung tumours. A diagnosis was established by transbronchial biopsy in 24 (34.28%) cases, by bronchial aspirate in five (7.14%) and by postbronchoscopic sputum in three (4.28%). The overall positive yield when all three specimens combined was 26/70 (37.14%). An important characteristic associated with a positive cytological or histopathological diagnosis was the size of lesion: a diagnosis was possible in 24/26(52.17%) cases when the diameter was more than 2.0 cm as compared to 2/24 (8.03%) in lesions less than 2 cm in diameter. The diagnosis was maximum in 16/22 (61.53%) cases if the lesions were situated between 2.5 to 5.0 cm from the hilum. According to the final diagnosis, squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma were the common peripheral tumours. We conclude that flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy without fluoroscopic guidance is useful technique for diagnosis of endoscopically nonvisible lung tumours.
Analysis and design of quality link metrics for routing protocols in Wireless Networks (2010)

Les travaux de recherche menés dans le cadre de cette thèse concernent l'amélioration du débit et de la qualité de service dans les réseaux sans fil basés sur les standards de la famille 802.11. Des simulations exhaustives ont été menées pour l'analyse et l'évaluation des performances des protocoles de routages réactifs AODV, DSR et DYMO ainsi que des protocoles de routage proactifs DSDV, FSR et OLSR. Plusieurs paramètres ont été considérés comme la mobilité des noeuds la charge du réseau et la mise à l'échelle. Nous pouvons observer que la métrique de qualité de lien est un paramètre important dans toute stratégie de routage. L'objectif du présent travail est de proposer une analyse comparative des différents protocoles de routage, basée sur les métriques de qualité de lien et de proposer une nouvelle métrique permettant d'améliorer le routage en termes de routage et de délai bout-en-bout. Dans la disparité des métriques proposées dans la littéraire, la métrique ETX (Expected Transmission Count) a été largement utilisée. Aussi, nous focaliserons, principalement, sur les métriques basées sur ETX. Notre constatation est que les besoins en termes de qualité de service dans les réseaux sans fil multi-saut, sont affecté entre autre par le protocole de routage adopté et la métrique de lien utilisée. Cependant, ceci est aussi strictement lié à la qualité des canaux de communication au niveau physique et l'état des files d'attente au niveau MAC. Aussi, une nouvelle métrique de qualité de lien est proposée, basée sur ETX et appelée IBETX (Interference and Bandwidth Adjusted ETX). Cette nouvelle métrique prend en considération les effets de l'interférence et de l'impact de l'état de la couche MAC sur les performances des liens de communication. Des simulations ont été conduites sous NS-2 afin de montrer l'intérêt de la métrique utilisée. Ainsi IBETX améliore le débit efficace de 19% par rapport à ETX et de 10% par rapport à ETP (Expected Throughput). Par ailleurs, la métrique proposée réduit le délai bout en bout de 16% par rapport à ELP ( Expected Link Performance) et de 24% par à ETX