gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
IVIg decrease antigen-dependent T cell activation by reducing the FcγR-dependent antigen presentation ability of APC (78.36) (2009)

Abstract Intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg) have been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects in a variety of autoimmune diseases, but their mechanisms of action remain unclear. In autoimmune diseases, activated self-reactive T cells invade specific tissues and activate local APC which in turn present autoantigens on their surface, leading to T cell restimulation in a positive feedback loop. Although it was shown that IVIg could reduce T cell activation and modify their cytokine secretion pattern, it is still not clear whether this effect occurs following a direct interaction of IVIg with T cells or through an interference of IVIg with the ability of APC to present autoantigens. To address this question, we used an in vitro antigen presentation system using ovalbumin as model antigen, to study the effects of IVIg on antigen-mediated T cell activation. The results obtained showed that IVIg inhibited T cell activation but that this effect was the indirect consequence of a reduction in the antigen presentation ability of APC. We further showed that this inhibitory effect was not due to modulation of expression of MHC II or CD80/86 costimulatory molecules on the surface of APC and was independent of inhibitory FcγRIIb. Finally, we showed that F(ab’)2 fragments of IVIg had no effect on antigen-mediated T cell activation, suggesting that IVIg must interact with activating FcγRs to mediate their inhibitory effect.
The Small‐Signal Model at RF (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: The Equivalent Small-Signal Circuit at RF Y-Parameters Analysis The Large-Signal Model at RF
An experiment in spoken language acquisition (1994)

The paper continues the authors' investigation of machines that adaptively acquire language through interaction with a complex environment. In particular, the present work focuses on the problem of spoken word acquisition, using the authors' proposed principles to motivate a method to govern the emergence of word symbols from the speech signal. The mechanism involves a connectionist network embedded in a feedback control system. The resulting system has two unique characteristics. First, no text is utilized by the device, in contrast to all other speech understanding systems. Second, the vocabulary and grammar is unconstrained, being acquired by the device during the course of performing its task. This is also in contrast to all other systems, in which the salient vocabulary and grammar are preprogrammed. A rudimentary baseline experiment is described, involving 1105 natural language utterances in an automated call routing application scenario.
Nerve growth factor: a chemotactic factor for polymorphonuclear leukocytes in vivo. (1985)

Previous studies have shown that mouse submandibular gland nerve growth factor (NGF) stimulates chemotactic migration of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes in vitro. The results of the present study demonstrate that subdermal injection of NGF in mice also stimulates rapid and marked chemotactic recruitment of leukocytes. This property of NGF is manifest in the nanomolar range of concentrations, it requires the known serine class protease activity of the growth factor, and it does not require participation of the fifth component of complement. Another, as yet unrecognized, C5-independent pathway must be involved. Chemotactic stimulation of cells involved in the early inflammatory response to injury may help to explain earlier observations that NGF can accelerate the rate of contraction of experimentally induced wounds in mice.
Improve the Anaerobic Biodegradability by Copretreatment of Thermal Alkali and Steam Explosion of Lignocellulosic Waste (2016)

Effective alteration of the recalcitrance properties like crystallization of cellulose, lignin shield, and interlinking of lignocellulosic biomass is an ideal way to utilize the full-scale potential for biofuel production. This study exhibited three different pretreatment effects to enhance the digestibility of corn stover (CS) for methane production. In this context, steam explosion (SE) and thermal potassium hydroxide (KOH-60°C) treated CS produced the maximal methane yield of 217.5 and 243.1 mL/gvs, which were 40.0% and 56.4% more than untreated CS (155.4 mL/gvs), respectively. Copretreatment of thermal potassium hydroxide and steam explosion (CPTPS) treated CS was highly significant among all treatments and improved 88.46% (292.9 mL/gvs) methane yield compared with untreated CS. Besides, CPTPS also achieved the highest biodegradability up to 68.90%. Three kinetic models very well simulated dynamics of methane production yield. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses declared the most effective changes in physicochemical properties after CPTPS pretreatment. Thus, CPTPS might be a promising approach to deconstructing the recalcitrance of lignocellulosic structure to improve the biodegradability for AD.
Design Considerations for Very High Frequency Resonant Mode DC/DC Converters (1987)

The demand for higher switching frequencies in power converters has rekindled interest in resonant mode topologies. Conventional resonant converter circuits, however, are not optimized for high-frequency operation. A new resonant mode dc/dc converter topology exhibits desirable characteristics including zero switching losses, elimination of snubbers, simple control strategy, and circuit operation that is insensitive to parasitics such as diode reverse recovery. Analysis and design techniques are discussed in detail and are experimentally verified with a 150-W prototype converter operating in the frequency range 500 kHz-1 MHz.
Navigated Control Functional: Combining surgical navigation and real-time nerve activity measurement for a drill's motor control (2011)

This paper presents a new method Navigated Control Functional for protecting a nerve from damage during surgery. This method combines surgical navigation and realtime nerve activity measurement for power control of a surgical drill's motor. The power of a drill's motor is automatically reduced when the nerve activity is identified as critical or the drill reaches a predefined prohibited area. The purpose of this method is to increase the safety of patients (especially nerves) and the ergonomics of surgeons and also to shorten the operation time. Furthermore, a laboratory experiment shows the feasibility of this method in principle.
Stable polyp‐scene classification via subsampling and residual learning from an imbalanced large dataset (2019)

This Letter presents a stable polyp-scene classification method with low false positive (FP) detection. Precise automated polyp detection during colonoscopies is essential for preventing colon-cancer deaths. There is, therefore, a demand for a computer-assisted diagnosis (CAD) system for colonoscopies to assist colonoscopists. A high-performance CAD system with spatiotemporal feature extraction via a three-dimensional convolutional neural network (3D CNN) with a limited dataset achieved about 80% detection accuracy in actual colonoscopic videos. Consequently, further improvement of a 3D CNN with larger training data is feasible. However, the ratio between polyp and non-polyp scenes is quite imbalanced in a large colonoscopic video dataset. This imbalance leads to unstable polyp detection. To circumvent this, the authors propose an efficient and balanced learning technique for deep residual learning. The authors' method randomly selects a subset of non-polyp scenes whose number is the same number of still images of polyp scenes at the beginning of each epoch of learning. Furthermore, they introduce post-processing for stable polyp-scene classification. This post-processing reduces the FPs that occur in the practical application of polyp-scene classification. They evaluate several residual networks with a large polyp-detection dataset consisting of 1027 colonoscopic videos. In the scene-level evaluation, their proposed method achieves stable polyp-scene classification with 0.86 sensitivity and 0.97 specificity.
Copolymerization of styrene and ethylene in the presence of different syndiospecific catalysts (1990)

Abstract Some catalytic systems based on Ti or Zr compounds and methylalumoxane have been investigated with regard to their ability to promote styrene‐ethylene copolymerization. 13 C NMR analysis shows that the structure and the composition of the copolymerization products are dependent on the catalytic system and on the transition metal/methylalumoxane mole ratio. Polymers containing phenylethylene units bridging polyethylene sequences are generally obtained in the presence of Ti‐based catalysts. In the presence of cyclopentadienyltitanium trichloride/methylalumoxane with high A1/Ti mole ratio one can obtain copolymers of ethylene and syndiotactic polystyrene. Zr‐based catalyst don't promote copolymerization at all.
Ruthenium(II) Polyimine Complexes with a Long‐Lived 3IL Excited State or a 3MLCT/3IL Equilibrium: Efficient Triplet Sensitizers for Low‐Power Upconversion (2011)

Up, up, and away! The long-lived 3IL excited states of RuII polyimine complexes were found to be more efficient in sensitizing upconversion based on triplet–triplet annihilation (TTA) and energy transfer (TTET) than the shorter-lived 3MLCT excited states (see picture). Upconversion occurs with an anti-Stokes shift of up to 0.77 eV. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Tumor-associated gene expression in disseminated tumor cells correlates with disease progression and tumor stage in colorectal cancer. (2007)

EGFR and CEA gene expression correlated with disease progression and tumor stage. Detection of CEA expression in DTC might have a predictive value in colorectal cancer and may help to identify patients at a greater risk of relapse. DTC in peripheral blood collected prior to surgery as well as in follow-up samples have a prognostic clinical value.
Electrolytic electrospray ionization mass spectrometry of C 60 ‐TTF‐C 60 derivatives: high‐resolution mass measurement and molecular ion gas‐phase reactivity (2001)

The electrochemical process involved in electrospray ionization is used to obtain odd-electron molecular ions from C(60)-TTF-C(60) and its methano derivatives. Exact mass measurements obtained using high-resolution mass spectrometry are reported, and the gas-phase behavior of the radical cation (retro-Diels-Alder reaction and [M/2 + H](+) ion formation) is described.
Water soluble SERS labels comprising a SAM with dual spacers for controlled bioconjugation (2009)

Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of Raman reporter molecules adsorbed to the surface of metal nanoparticles are labelling agents for the selective detection of biomolecules by surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Advantages of SAM-based SERS labels include maximum coverage with Raman reporter molecules combined with their uniform molecular orientation within the SAM as well as minimal co-adsorption of other molecules from the surrounding. Water solubility and stability together with the option for controlled bioconjugation are desired properties of SERS labels. We present an approach to synthesize hydrophilic SERS labels in which the colloidal particle is stabilized by two different ethylene glycols attached to the SAM. This guarantees water solubility, independent of the type of a particular Raman reporter molecule and its properties at the SAM/solvent interface. Our dual SAM design is based on two different ethylene glycol spacers covalently bound to the same type of reporter molecule: a short monoethylene glycol (MEG-OH) and a longer triethylene glycol (TEG-COOH) moiety. The terminal carboxy group of the TEG spacer allows subsequent conjugation to biomolecules such as antibodies. Controlled bioconjugation is possible by varying the stoichiometric ratio of both spacers. Finally, dual SAM SERS labels are used in immuno-SERS microscopy for selective imaging of prostate-specific antigen in the epithelium of biopsies from patients with prostate cancer.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Cyclization of Aziridines and Sulfur Diimides. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The Molecular Basis of JAZ-MYC Coupling, a Protein-Protein Interface Essential for Plant Response to Stressors (2020)

The jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway is one of the primary mechanisms that allow plants to respond to a variety of biotic and abiotic stressors. Within this pathway, the JAZ repressor proteins and the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor MYC3 play a critical role. JA is a volatile organic compound with an essential role in plant immunity. The increase in the concentration of JA leads to the decoupling of the JAZ repressor proteins and the bHLH transcription factor MYC3 causing the induction of genes of interest. The primary goal of this study was to identify the molecular basis of JAZ-MYC coupling. For this purpose, we modeled and validated 12 JAZ-MYC3 3D <i>in silico</i> structures and developed a molecular dynamics/machine learning pipeline to obtain two outcomes. First, we calculated the average free binding energy of JAZ-MYC3 complexes, which was predicted to be -10.94 +/-2.67 kJ/mol. Second, we predicted which ones should be the interface residues that make the predominant contribution to the free energy of binding (molecular hotspots). The predicted protein hotspots matched a conserved linear motif SL••FL•••R, which may have a crucial role during MYC3 recognition of JAZ proteins. As a proof of concept, we tested, both <i>in silico</i> and <i>in vitro</i>, the importance of this motif on PEAPOD (PPD) proteins, which also belong to the TIFY protein family, like the JAZ proteins, but cannot bind to MYC3. By mutating these proteins to match the SL••FL•••R motif, we could force PPDs to bind the MYC3 transcription factor. Taken together, modeling protein-protein interactions and using machine learning will help to find essential motifs and molecular mechanisms in the JA pathway.
A highly sensitive oxygen sensor operating at room temperature based on platinum-doped In2O3 nanocrystals (2005)

Semiconducting In2O3 nanocrystals, synthesised via a nonaqueous sol-gel method and doped with 1 wt% of platinum, have shown to possess a unique high sensitivity to oxygen at room temperature (RT). Consequently, a Pt/In2O3-based oxygen sensor for room temperature operation has been developed showing higher performance compared to the state-of-the-art devices.
Human factors of personal Web information spaces (1997)

How do people use World Wide Web bookmarks? This in-depth empirical study of WWW human factors describes a user&amp;apos;s personal Web information space. It is based on interviews of 12 users, a survey of 322 people, a mental maps survey of 27 users, and an analysis of the bookmark files of 56 users and the usage data of 23 users over 6 weeks. The WWW is a complex information space with five defining properties: (1) users are overload with information, (2) the Web is polluted with redundant, erroneous and low quality information, (3) it progresses toward disorder according to the principle of entropy, (4) it has no aggregate structure which organizes distinct Web localities, and (5) users have no global view of the entire WWW from which to forage for relevant Web pages. In dealing with this complex information space, users find localities of interest, create bookmarks to return to them, conceptualize WWW access through metaphors, and create a personal information space with the bookmarks they collect. Users employ this personal information space to counteract five problems of a complex information space in the following ways. (1) They prevent information overload by incrementally building a small archive. (2) They avoid pollution by selecting only useful items and creating a known source of high value. (3) They reduce entropy through maintenance, although they organize only when necessary. (4) compensate for the lack of a global view by creating their own personal As a user&amp;apos;s bookmark archive grows, it can begin to exhibit the properties of a complex information space. Thus, users are continually challenged with maintaining an effective personal Web information space.
Combined in silico modeling and metabolomics analysis to characterize fed‐batch CHO cell culture (2012)

The increasing demand for recombinant therapeutic proteins highlights the need to constantly improve the efficiency and yield of these biopharmaceutical products from mammalian cells, which is fully achievable only through proper understanding of cellular functioning. Towards this end, the current study exploited a combined metabolomics and in silico modeling approach to gain a deeper insight into the cellular mechanisms of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) fed-batch cultures. Initially, extracellular and intracellular metabolite profiling analysis shortlisted key metabolites associated with cell growth limitation within the energy, glutathione, and glycerophospholipid pathways that have distinct changes at the exponential-stationary transition phase of the cultures. In addition, biomass compositional analysis newly revealed different amino acid content in the CHO cells from other mammalian cells, indicating the significance of accurate protein composition data in metabolite balancing across required nutrient assimilation, metabolic utilization, and cell growth. Subsequent in silico modeling of CHO cells characterized internal metabolic behaviors attaining physiological changes during growth and non-growth phases, thereby allowing us to explore relevant pathways to growth limitation and identify major growth-limiting factors including the oxidative stress and depletion of lipid metabolites. Such key information on growth-related mechanisms derived from the current approach can potentially guide the development of new strategies to enhance CHO culture performance.
Suitable Controlled Scan of Laser Stylus for Point Measuring of Free Surface (2002)

The present report describes the suitable in-situ scan of a laser stylus for point measuring of free surface with a machining center. The attempts were made to improve the measuring accuracy using numerical control function of G02 and G03. That is, we proposed a new measuring method that the laser stylus was scanned around a measuring point on the free surface, The experiments were done to measure the ground surfaces and the end-milled ones by this scanning method. As a result, it is clear that there is proper radius to scan a laser stylus according to surface roughness
A Closed-Handed Affair: Positive-Strand RNA Virus Polymerases (2014)

RNA viruses are important emerging pathogens that cause human and animal infectious diseases. Antiviral therapies have to deal with the high mutational capacity of RNA viruses, which quickly adapt to new environments. A primary target for antiviral drug development is the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), which is the central enzyme of the viral RNA replication/transcription machinery. Here, we review the current mechanistic and structural knowledge on RdRps of positive-strand RNA viruses gained through crystallography and biochemistry. In addition, we review the growing body of information on RdRp-mediated strategies, such as proofreading and genome end repair, used by positive-strand RNA viruses to maintain their genome integrity.
Resolution of infantile intestinal pseudo-obstruction in a boy (2017)

A term boy with spontaneous passage of meconium exhibited episodes of abdominal distension and diarrhea. Due to failure to thrive and suspicion of Hischsprung's disease he was referred to our university hospital at five months of age. Rectal biopsies were normal. Laparotomy revealed dilation of the small bowel and colon without any mechanical obstruction. Full thickness bowel biopsies were taken and a loop ileostomy was constructed. Histopathology revealed fibrosing myopathy, Cajal cell hypertrophy, and neuronal degeneration in both the large and small bowel. The small bowel showed mastocytosis without inflammation. A central venous catheter was placed for vascular access, replaced three times and later switched to a subcutaneous venous port. Catheters were locked after use with vancomycin-heparin and later taurolidine. The individually tailored home parenteral nutrition contained unsaturated fatty acid lipids to reduce cholestasis. Initial insufficient growth was improved after correction of partial parenteral nutrition based on a metabolic balance study. The ileostomy was revised once and finally taken down at 11 years of age following one year without parenteral support. At follow-up at 13 years of age he has episodes of moderate abdominal pain and has entered puberty and reports a high quality of life.
THE ACCOUNTANT'S RESPONSIBILITY FOR DISCLOSING BRIBERY: AN HISTORICAL NOTE (1977)

In the late nineteenth century The Accountant reported on a case where the auditors looked at the mattery of bribery “straight in the face” and disclosed the illegal payments in the audit certificate. However, subsequent discussion of the accountant's responsibility for disclosing bribery in an 1899 lecture, “Secret Profits,” showed that there was no unanimity of opinion on the accountant's responsibility in this area. The problem is obviously a continuing one.
Intracellular calcium dynamics at the core of endocardial stationary spiral waves in Langendorff-perfused rabbit hearts (2008)

In vitro models of sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (MVT) are rare and do not usually show spiral reentry on the epicardium. We hypothesized that MVT is associated with the spiral wave in the endocardium and that this stable reentrant propagation is supported by a persistently elevated intracellular calcium (Ca(i)) transient at the core of the spiral wave. We performed dual optical mapping of transmembrane potential (V(m)) and Ca(i) dynamics of the right ventricular (RV) endocardium in Langendorff-perfused rabbit hearts (n = 12). Among 64 induced arrhythmias, 55% were sustained MVT (>10 min). Eighty percent of MVT showed stationary spiral waves (>10 cycles, cycle length: 128 +/- 14.6 ms) in the endocardial mapped region, anchoring to the anatomic discontinuities. No reentry activity was observed in the epicardium. During reentry, the amplitudes of V(m) and Ca(i) signals were higher in the periphery and gradually decreased toward the core. At the core, maximal V(m) and Ca(i) amplitudes were 42.95 +/- 5.89% and 43.95 +/- 9.46%, respectively, of the control (P < 0.001). However, the trough of the V(m) and Ca(i) signals at the core were higher than those in the periphery, indicating persistent V(m) and Ca(i) elevations during reentry. BAPTA-AM, a calcium chelator, significantly reduced the maximal Ca(i) transient amplitude and prevented sustained MVT and spiral wave formation in the mapped region. These findings indicate that endocardial spiral waves often anchor to anatomic discontinuities causing stable MVT in normal rabbit ventricles. The spiral core is characterized by diminished V(m) and Ca(i) amplitudes and persistent V(m) and Ca(i) elevations during reentry.