gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
What can rodent models tell us about apathy and associated neuropsychiatric symptoms in Parkinson’s disease? (2016)

In addition to classical motor symptoms, Parkinson's disease (PD) patients display incapacitating neuropsychiatric manifestations, such as apathy, anhedonia, depression and anxiety. These hitherto generally neglected non-motor symptoms, have gained increasing interest in medical and scientific communities over the last decade because of the extent of their negative impact on PD patients' quality of life. Although recent clinical and functional imaging studies have provided useful information, the pathophysiology of apathy and associated affective impairments remains elusive. Our aim in this review is to summarize and discuss recent advances in the development of rodent models of PD-related neuropsychiatric symptoms using neurotoxin lesion-based approaches. The data collected suggest that bilateral and partial lesions of the nigrostriatal system aimed at inducing reliable neuropsychiatric-like deficits while avoiding severe motor impairments that may interfere with behavioral evaluation, is a more selective and efficient strategy than medial forebrain bundle lesions. Moreover, of all the different classes of pharmacological agents, D2/D3 receptor agonists such as pramipexole appear to be the most efficient treatment for the wide range of behavioral deficits induced by dopaminergic lesions. Lesion-based rodent models, therefore, appear to be relevant tools for studying the pathophysiology of the non-motor symptoms of PD. Data accumulated so far confirm the causative role of dopaminergic depletion, especially in the nigrostriatal system, in the development of behavioral impairments related to apathy, depression and anxiety. They also put forward D2/D3 receptors as potential targets for the treatment of such neuropsychiatric symptoms in PD.
Impaired osmotic sensation in mice lacking TRPV4 (2003)

The Ca2+-permeable cation channel TRPV4, which is part of the Trp family located in the circumventricular organs, is activated by cell swelling. To investigate the role of TRPV4 in osmotic sensation, we disrupted the TRPV4 gene in mice and examined the effect on osmotic metabolism. Disruption of the mouse TRPV4 gene did not influence either water intake behavior or serum osmolality. Short-term salt ingestion, however, seemed to impair the transient free water clearance. The level of serum arginine vasopressin (AVP) of TRPV4-/- mice was not significantly changed under normal conditions but was significantly increased under stimulated conditions. Incubation of brain slices with graded hyperosmolality suggested an exaggerated response of AVP secretion in TRPV4-/- mice. Thus TRPV4 in the brain may transmit a negative signal to AVP secretion similar to an inhibitory pass through the baroregulatory system. Thus, in the regulation of serum osmolality, TRPV4 is a swell-activated channel that appears to play a role in reversion toward hyposmolality.
Neuroprotection by A2A receptor antagonists (2001)

Abstract Activation of A 2A receptors has been shown to protect neurons in the hippocampus from damage caused by excitotoxins or from cerebral insults such as ischaemia. For example, the A 2A agonist 2‐p‐(2‐carboxyethyl)phenethylamino‐5′‐ N ‐ethylcarboxamidoadenosine hydrochloride (CGS 21680) protects the hippocampus at concentrations which are only partially blocked by the centrally acting adenosine A 1 receptor antagonist 8‐cyclopentyl‐1,3‐dipropylxanthine (CPX), suggesting that protection is mediated largely by the A 2A receptor. However, selective antagonists at the A 2A receptor, such as 4‐(2‐[7‐amino‐2‐{2‐furyl}{1,2,4}triazolo{2,3‐a}{1,3,5}triazin‐5‐yl‐amino]ethyl)phenol (ZM 241385), also show protection against neuronal death produced by ischaemia or excitotoxicity. In addition, A 2A receptor antagonists can reduce damage produced by combinations of subthreshold doses of the endogenous excitotoxin quinolinic acid and free radicals. The TdT‐mediated dUTP‐biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) method has revealed that, after systemic kainic acid administration, staining was apparent in the CA1 region of the hippocampus only, even though damage was present in both the CA1 and CA3a areas. In animals injected intrahippocampally, both apoptosis and damage were limited to the CA3 region. Intrahippocampal co‐injection of kainate together with ZM 241385 did not induce apoptosis even though damage was apparent. This suggests that the adenosine A 2A receptor may play a role in the route by which cells die during excitotoxicity. Overall, A 2A receptor antagonists appear to be promising candidates as new drugs for the prevention of neuronal damage and death in the central nervous system. Drug Dev. Res. 52:323–330, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Agència infantil i adolescent i activisme digital en l’educació per als drets de la infància i la ciutadania global (2020)

En aquest monogràfic, es presenten algunes recomanacions sobre com cal incorporar de manera estratègica i significativa les tecnologies digitals en l’ECG. L’Educació per a la Ciutadania Global (ECG) pretén empoderar als estudiants per a que s’involucrin i assumeixin un rol actiu tant local, nacional com globalment, per afrontar i resoldre reptes globals, i així, convertir-se en contribuïdors per un món més just, pacífic, tolerant, inclusiu, segur i sostenible (UNESCO, 2018, p. 6). • Hi ha principis claus de l’ECG que coincideixen amb el treball emergent sobre l’Educació per a la Ciutadania Digital (ECD), els quals estan identificats en el present estudi: drets, relacions, responsabilitats, identitat, agència i compromís. • S’identifiquen les pràctiques pedagògiques que donen suport a l’ús de tecnologies digitals per a l’ECG (creació, circulació, conexió i col·laboració), la qual cosa representa diferents oportunitats i nivells de participació dels estudiants. El seu compromís amb aquestes pràctiques en l’ECG fomenta l’agència entre els joves a través de polítiques participatives. • Plataformes digitals, com Twitter, creen espais en línia per al desenvolupament professional que són inclusius, flexibles y generatius, per poder compartir idees, intercanviar coneixement i reduir la sensació d’aïllament que alguns professors de l’ECG apunten. • Cal donar èmfasi als professors com a mediadors que faciliten l’aprenentatge a través de l’ús estratègic de tecnologies digitals per permetre connexions i relacions, mentre reconeixen que aquestes tecnologies són merament eines addicionals a l’ECG. • Les tecnologies digitals són clau per empoderar els nens i adolescents amb l’objectiu d’afirmar els seus drets de participació en assumptes cívics, socials i polítics que els afecten i evitar la marginació i la incomprensió amb què es troben en el seu dia a dia. • L’activisme digital dóna als nens, nenes i adolescents l’oportunitat de participar activament en debats públics; per expressar preocupacions polítiques i influenciar l’agenda dels polítics, de les organitzacions i dels ens públics; per connectar, així, dins i més enllà dels seus grups socials i comunitats, a fi de generar nous llocs de trobada com a ambients d’aprenentatge; i organitzar accions col·lectives per al seu propi benefici i per al de la seves comunitats. • Els mestres i els educadors han de ser conscients dels reptes que les tecnologies digitals generen amb l’objectiu d’ajudar els nens, nenes i adolescents a navegar per aquests desafiaments i vèncer-ne els riscos que suposen.
Changes in the degree of substitution of PAC from pyrolysis of a high volatile bituminous coal (1988)

When pyrolyzed, coal forms a complex mixture of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAC), many of which carry functional groups as substitutes for ring hydrogen. Further subjection of PAC to pyrolytic conditions causes changes in their composition -- manifested partly by changes in the degree of substitution. The presence or absence of substituent groups is of importance to environmental issues concerning both the sources of environmental PAC and their health effects. Researchers studying PAC in the air, water, and soil have tried to deduct information about the PAC source fuels and their process temperatures from relative abundances of certain alkylated and unalkylated PAC. Focusing particularly on alkyl and amino substituents, several researchers have attempted to establish a link between biological activity (i.e., carcinogenicity or mutagenicity) and the presence or absence of substituent groups. It is our objective to determine how the degree of substitution and the nature of the substituent groups influence the pyrolysis behavior of coal-derived PAC.
Heat and Flux. Increase of Wind Farm Production by Reduction of the Axial Induction (2003)

At the windward side of a wind farm, we propose to operate the wind turbines at an axial induction factor below the Lanchester-Betz optimum of 1/3. Our analysis shows that the power of the turbines under the lee will increase more than the decrease of the power of the turbines at the windward side, so that the power of the farm as a whole increases. Measurements with a 1:400 scaled model of a wind farm confirmed the hypothesis.
Transport of interleukin‐1 across cerebromicrovascular endothelial cells (2009)

These results are consistent with IL-1 and IL-1 receptor antagonist being transported across cultured cerebromicrovascular endothelial cells and suggest that IL-1beta transport may occur via a type II IL-1 receptor-dependent mechanism. Understanding IL-1 transport into the brain may have benefits, particularly in enhancing penetration of IL-1 receptor antagonist into the brain.
Investigating the Value of Using Emotionally Intelligent Artificial Conversational Agents to Carry out Assessments in Higher Education: Review (2023)

The Viva (Oral Examination) is a crucial assessment method in higher education field to evaluate students on their work. In the typical setting of Viva, the learner and the assessor benefit from carrying out extremely adapted assessment taking opportunity to have a unique and deep insight into learner's knowledge and understanding. As the interaction with human examiners in Viva assessment can cause a considerable level of anxiety to the students, usage of conversational agents is emerging in the education domain. Hence, intelligent conversational agents will be an innovative, practical, and interactive tool which may help to reduce the level of tension caused by the traditional Viva mechanism. In this paper, we review the usage of artificial intelligent conversational agents in different businesses, looking at interaction modality, uses and recommended design rules. Additionally, we study the aspects: usability, interactivity, learnability, and reliability of the agents used in different domains to investigate the value of using them to carry out assessments in higher education. Furthermore, we compare between related frameworks in terms of utilizing web-based implementation, source code availability and use of Wizard-of-Oz techniques.
Treatment of canine haemangiosarcoma with suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, a histone deacetylase inhibitor (2004)

A case report is presented by describing the treatment of a 12-year-old dog - diagnosed with haemangiosarcoma (HSA) - with suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. The drug was administered orally, on a daily basis, approximately 2 weeks post-splenectomy at a dose of 3 mg kg(-1). HSA is a lethal malignancy of the endothelium, which is usually disseminated by the time it is diagnosed. Median survival time, usually, is no longer than 80 days. Following treatment with SAHA, no sign of malignant growth could be discerned by means of diagnostic abdominal ultrasound, chest X-ray or with the help of clinical symptoms, over a period of >1000 days. The precise mechanism by which HDAC inhibitors exert their anti-cancer effects is uncertain, but evidence suggests that exposure to SAHA generates hyperacetylated chromosomal histones, which, in turn, facilitates the expression of tumour suppressor genes turned off by epigenetic mechanisms during neoplastic transformation of the endothelium.
Melt impregnation of woven glass fabric reinforced composites in situ modified with short glass fibers in the interlaminar free spacing: Morphology, microstructure and static mechanical properties (2020)

Abstract Woven fabric composites with thermoplastic matrices enable superior mechanical properties with low weight for applications in the field of sports, electronics, aviation, and automotive. In this study, the matrix rich areas of glass fabrics which provide an interlaminar free spacing were modified via in situ melt impregnation of Polyamide 6 (PA6) with varying contents of short glass fibers (sGF). The aim is to effectively use the interlaminar free spacing in a fabric to increase stiffness by filling the matrix rich free spacing with short glass fibers of tailored length distribution. It is shown that 2.6 vol% sGF located in the undulations of the fabric are able to increase the tensile modulus in orientation of the short fibers (sF) by 9% and create an even more pronounced anisotropic enhancement of 14% in compression modulus for both 4.1 and 5.7 vol% sGF and 40% in shear modulus for 2.6 vol% sGF.
A Concise and Convergent Total Synthesis of Two Novel Cytotoxic Hydroquinones, Lanneaquinol and (R)‐2′‐Hydroxylanneaquinol (2013)

Abstract A short and efficient approach for the total synthesis of two novel cytotoxic hydroquinones, lanneaquinol ( 1 ) and ( R )‐2′‐hydroxylanneaquinol ( 2 ) isolated from the organic extract of the plant Lannea welwitschii , has been developed. Enantioselective organocatalytic McMillan hydroxylation has been successfully utilized for the creation of the stereogenic center bearing the OH group of ( R )‐2′‐hydroxylanneaquinol ( 2 ). The hydroquinone core was constructed through the alkylation of cyclohexane‐1,4‐dione with a corresponding aldehyde. Both hydroquinone natural products can be synthesized by a mere change in the synthetic strategy.
The Handbook of Investment Technology: A State-of-the-Art Guide to Selection, Implementation, & Utilization (1996)

From the Publisher:
Every year,investment firms spend billions to exploit the latest development in information technologies. The Handbook of Investment Technology provides a practical blueprint for making the most of today's cutting-edge technologies. The book explains all of today's information technologies,including telecommunications; groupware; imaging and document processing; artificial intelligence; and object-oriented analysis and design.
Material property characterization and integration issues for mesoporous silica (2003)

SEMATECH is driving the development of new characterization methodologies that are applicable to mesoporous materials. The results from the characterization of AlliedSignal's first xerogel material (Nanoglass K2.2-A10B) illustrate the capabilities of these techniques. The characterization results, together with single-level metal Cu/damascene integration studies, demonstrate the issues involved with these potential ultra-low k materials.
Second moment resource allocation in multi-service networks (1997)

A crucial problem for the efficient design and management of integrated services networks is how to best allocate network resources for heterogeneous and bursty traffic streams in multiplexers that support prioritized service disciplines. In this paper, we introduce a new approach for determining per-connection performance parameters such as delay-bound violation probability and loss probability in multi-service networks. The approach utilizes a traffic characterization consisting of the variances of a stream's rate distribution over multiple interval lengths, which captures its burstiness properties and autocorrelation structure. From this traffic characterization, we provide a simple and efficient resource allocation algorithm by deriving stochastic delay-bounds for static priority schedulers and employing a Gaussian approximation over intervals. To evaluate the scheme, we perform trace-driven simulation experiments with long traces of MPEG-compressed video and show that our approach is accurate enough to capture most of the inherent statistical multiplexing gain, achieving average network utilizations of up to 90% for these traces and substantially outperforming previous "effective bandwidth" techniques.
Design and evaluation of proniosomes as a carrier for ocular delivery of lomefloxacin HCl (2016)

The current investigation aims to develop and evaluate novel ocular proniosomal gels of lomefloxacin HCl (LXN); in order to improve its ocular bioavailability for the management of bacterial conjunctivitis. Proniosomes were prepared using different types of nonionic surfactants solely and as mixtures with Span 60. The formed gels were characterized for entrapment efficiency, vesicle size, and in vitro drug release. Only Span 60 was able to form stable LXN-proniosomal gel when used individually while the other surfactants formed gels only in combination with Span 60 at different ratios. The optimum proniosomal gel; P-LXN 7 (Span 60:Tween 60, 9:1) appeared as spherical shaped vesicles having high entrapment efficiency (>80%), appropriate vesicle size (187 nm) as well as controlled drug release over 12 h. Differential scanning calorimetry confirmed the amorphous nature of LXN within the vesicles. Stability study did not show any significant changes in entrapment efficiency or vesicle size after storage for 3 months at 4 °C. P-LXN 7 was found to be safe and suitable for ocular delivery as proven by the irritancy test. The antibacterial activity of P-LXN 7 evaluated using the susceptibility test and topical therapy of induced ocular conjunctivitis confirmed the enhanced antibacterial therapeutic efficacy of the LXN-proniosomal gel compared to the commercially available LXN eye drops.
Symptom profiles and treatment status of older adults with chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder (2021)

Clinicians evaluating patients should be aware that different symptom profiles may be present between younger and older adults with PTSD. Despite their high risk for adverse neuropsychiatric and other health consequences, older adults with PTSD appear to infrequently receive first-line clinical treatment.
CSEM Exploration in the Barents Sea, Part I - Detecting Skrugard from CSEM (2013)

Before the Skrugard well was drilled in 2011, EM resistivity images of the subsurface across the Skrugard prospect were obtained along with estimates of the hydrocarbon saturation at the well position. The resistivity distribution was derived from extensive data analysis of multi-client CSEM data from 2008. The analysis was based on an integrated approach including interpretation of seismic structures and resistivity models from CSEM data. The seismic structure was furthermore used to constrain the resistivity anomaly to the Skrugard reservoir. Estimates of hydrocarbon saturation followed from using petrophysical parameters from nearby wells and knowledge of the area combined with the most likely resistivity model from CSEM. Our results from the pre-well study were compared to the post-well resistivity logs, both for horizontal and vertical resistivity. We found a very good match between the estimated CSEM resistivities at the well location and the corresponding well resistivities.
Bandwidth enhancement of single-shot data acquisition systems by deconvolution of system response (2002)

Procedures have been developed (Feb.1994) for enhancing the effective bandwidth of single-shot measurement systems. One procedure characterizes the transfer function of the measurement system hardware, and the other is a software compensation technique to deconvolve this transfer function from the acquired data. The example shown employs a Tektronix SCD-5000 Transient Digitizer, with a -3 dB bandwidth improvement of 4.5 times, to over 15 GHz.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Quantification of the methylation at the GNAS locus identifies subtypes of sporadic pseudohypoparathyroidism type Ib (2010)

Quantitative assessment of the methylation in blood lymphocyte DNA is of clinical relevance, allows the diagnosis of PHP-Ib, and identifies subtypes of PHP-Ib. These epigenetic findings suggest mosaicism at least in some patients.
Orthogonal Multiplexing in a Subspace of Frequency Well-Localized Signals (2010)

A multiplexing scheme onto K OFDM subcarriers arranges M ≤ K dimensions to shape the signal's transmit spectrum while the remaining K - M dimensions are used to orthogonally multiplex data symbols. This results in a new class of basis functions along with an equivalent precoder structure. In particular, N-continuous OFDM signals are realized as an orthogonal multiplex.
Supplementary Tables 1-2 from A Pooled Analysis of Continued Prophylactic Efficacy of Quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus (Types 6/11/16/18) Vaccine against High-grade Cervical and External Genital Lesions (2023)

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Structures and Electrical Conduction on Silicon Surfaces. (1998)

Based on the introductions on the surface superstructures and surface electrical conductions, described in the previous issue, the present paper shows our main results on the electrical conduction through surface-state bands that are inherent in the superstructures. The references and figures are cited with serial numbers followed from those in the previous article.
AIS: A Fast, Disk Space Efficient Adaptable Installation System Supporting Multitudes of Diverse Software Configurations (2004)

Efficiently installing and configuring large sets of computer systems is an important concern for system and cluster administrators. Current solutions usually follow one of the two approaches: an image-based install or a metadata-based custom install. Both approaches limit the opportunities for optimizing the installation time by coupling the system specification with the installation technique and ignoring the relationships between configurations over time (as they evolve with patches and new packages). The Adaptable Installation System (AIS) is a new model and implementation that attempts to address these shortcomings by taking a hybrid approach to client system installation. As in the metadata-based approach, it uses descriptors to express what the final system should look like in terms of composition and configuration. At the same time, it uses imaging for part of the client reinstallation to achieve speed. In this paper we present the design and implementation of AIS along with details on the algorithm that builds images and performance results of running the prototype system on a set of RedHat based machines.