gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Poly-L-lactic acid and poly-ε-caprolactone as biomaterials for ex-situ bioengineering of the rat thyroid tissue (2013)

We are currently developing innovative methodologies for rapid prototyping of threedimensional (3D) replicas of the vascular matrix of soft and hard tissue organs, primarily the thyroid and bones, with the intent of obtaining organomorphic scaffolds for their ex situ reconstruction (1, 2). To identify biocompatible materials suitable for this application, we have studied the effect of poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) and poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) on survival, adhesion and hormonal secretory activity of primary rat thyroid cells. Sprague- Dawley male rats (225-250 g) were used as thyroid donors. After penthobarbital anesthesia rats were thyroidectomised, thyroids surgically excised, and primary cells prepared using enzymatic breaking. After 72 hs in standard monolayer culture, cells were trypsinized and seeded (20 x103 / cm2) onto microporous scaffold sheets. Biomaterial scaffolds were prepared using either 3.5-5% PLLA (Lacea H100E, Mistui Chemicals) in anydrous dichloromethane / amylene (Sigma) or 3% PCL (Aldrich) in anydrous tetrahydrofurane / BHT (Aldrich). Solutions were dropped onto a wet glass support, and let polymerize as a thin layer at 25°C in the absence of forced air flow. Pattern of polymerization was assessed with thermogravimetry. Cells were let grow on biomaterials up to 8 days. Single biomaterial sheets without cells, and standard multiwell cultures were used as controls. Every 2 days, percentage of viable cells was assessed using a count chamber and Trypan blue exclusion, whereas morphology of growing cells was analyzed using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique without critical point drying. Culture supernatants were collected every 48 hs, and free forms of thyroid hormone (FT3 and FT4) assessed with chemiluminescent immunoassays. PLLA and PCL scaffold sheets exhibited a quite homogeneous thickness (10-12 μm), a repetitive and regular pore geometry, and a crystalline pattern of polymerization. Both biomaterials promoted survival, adhesion and proliferation of primary thyroid elements. Secretion of FT3 and FT4 was variably maintained during the culture period, and resulted statistically higher with respect to monolayer cultures on standard multiwells. Our results indicate that PLLA and PCL are suitable for growth and differentiation of adult rat thyroid cells in culture, and suggests that they might be exploited as bioerodible materials for rapid prototyping of vascular-like, organomorphic scaffolds.
Pricing Derivatives on Financial Securities Subject to Credit Risk (1995)

ABSTRACT This article provides a new methodology for pricing and hedging derivative securities involving credit risk. Two types of credit risks are considered. The first is where the asset underlying the derivative security may default. The second is where the writer of the derivative security may default. We apply the foreign currency analogy of Jarrow and Turnbull (1991) to decompose the dollar payoff from a risky security into a certain payoff and a “spot exchange rate.” Arbitrage‐free valuation techniques are then employed. This methodology can be applied to corporate debt and over the counter derivatives, such as swaps and caps.
Abstract 16981: Proteomic Profiles of Diabetic Heart Failure Report on Myocardial Metabolism, Ventricular Hypertrophy, and Endothelial Dysfunction (2020)

Introduction: There is a complex epidemiologic relationship between type two diabetes mellitus (DM) and heart failure (HF), and it is unclear whether the biochemical basis of HF differs in patients with and without DM. Hypothesis: Proteomic profiling of myocardial tissue from patients with and without DM will identify unique signatures of diabetic HF. Methods: Using the Olink aptamer-based platform, we performed proteomic profiling of 552 proteins on 37 myocardial tissue samples: 9 controls, 10 with HF, 7 with DM, and 11 with HF+DM. One-way ANOVA was first used to identify proteins that differed across the four groups. Associated proteins were then tested for differences between HF+DM and each other group independently; we retained proteins with the same direction of effect for each comparison. Each analysis was controlled for false discovery rate (q&lt;0.1). Results: We identified 12 proteins that differed significantly between HF+DM and all three other groups. Among these, six proteins were significant after FDR adjusted ANOVA and had the same direction of effect. These included 5’-NT (q=5.35E-07), a regulator of intracellular energy utilization, and carboxypeptidase A2, a metalloprotease that cleaves peptides during digestion (q=0.0003). Expression of myocardial leptin receptors (q=0.001), complement factor H related protein (q=0.003), and carbonic anhydrase (q=0.006) were also upregulated in diabetic HF, and have previously been linked to myocyte hypertrophy. Markers of endothelial dysfunction - ESM-1 (q=5.62E-06) and VEGFR-3 (q=0.024) - were also increased in HF+DM myocardium as compared to other groups (Figure 1). Conclusions: Proteomic profiling of HF, DM, and HF+DM myocardial tissue suggest alterations in intracellular energy substrate utilization as well as increased expression of tissue biomarkers previously associated with ventricular hypertrophy and myocardial remodeling.
High-Speed Quantitative Karyotyping by Flow Microfluorometry (1975)

We describe a new flow-system technique for high-speed quantitative karyotyping. Metaphase chromosomes are isolated from cells, stained with a DNA-specific fluorochrome, and individually measured for stain content at rates up to 10(5)/min in a flow microfluorometer. The resulting distribution contains quantitative information about the relative frequency of occurrence and the chromosomal DNA content of the measured chromosomes. Such analyses of Chinese hamster chromosomes are in good agreement with independent results from scanning cytophotometry and with cytogenetic observations of the banded chromosomes. Analyses of two karyotypically different clones of Chinese hamseter M3-1 lines provide the quantitative characterization of two stable translocations. Initial data on human chromosomes are presented and agree well with results of scanning cytophotometry and suggest potential clinical applications as preparative and instrumental techniques improve.
Promoting Remyelination in Multiple Sclerosis—Recent Advances (2013)

We review the current state of knowledge of remyelination in multiple sclerosis (MS), concentrating on advances in the understanding of the pathology and the regenerative response, and we summarise progress on the development of new therapies to enhance remyelination aimed at reducing progressive accumulation of disability in MS. We discuss key target pathways identified in experimental models, as although most identified targets have not yet progressed to the stage of being tested in human clinical trials, they may provide treatment strategies for demyelinating diseases in the future. Finally, we discuss some of the problems associated with testing this class of drugs, where they might fit into the therapeutic arsenal and the gaps in our knowledge.
Crystal structure ofN-formimino-L-glutamate iminohydrolase (2010)

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Summary of results from the Tandem Mirror Experiment (TMX) (1981)

This report summarizes results from the successful experimental operation of the Tandem Mirror Experiment (TMX) over the period October 1978 through September 1980. The experimental program, summarized by the DOE milestones given in Table 1-1, had three basic phases: (1) an 8-month checkout period, October 1978 through May 1979; (2) a 6-month initial period of operation, June through November 1979, during which the basic principles of the tandem configuration were demonstrated (i.e., plasma confinement was improved over that of a single-cell mirror); and (3) a 10-month period, December 1979 through September 1980, during which the initial TMX results were corroborated by additional diagnostic measurements and many detailed physics investigations were carried out. This report summarizes the early results, presents results of recent data analysis, and outlines areas of ongoing research and data analysis which will be reported in future journal publications.
Serum tumor markers CEA, CA 50, TATI, and NSE in lung cancer screening (1993)

The markers do not seem to be useful tools for lung cancer screening. However, CEA and TATI levels seem to give information on cancer risk long before the clinical cancer stage, as the quintile-based analyses of marker levels indicate.
Interleukin 10 Overexpression Alters Survival in the Setting of Gram-Negative Pneumonia Following Lung Contusion (2014)

Lung-specific IL-10 overexpression induces alternative activation of alveolar macrophages. This shift in macrophage phenotype decreases intracellular bacterial killing, resulting in a more pronounced bacteremia and accelerated mortality in a model of LC and pneumonia.
Comparison of the orientation effect of SiO2- and Si3N4-encapsulated GaAs MESFET's (1985)

This letter compares the influence of stressed-SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> and Si <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> N <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</inf> films on threshold voltage of WSi <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</inf> -gate self-aligned GaAs MESFET's oriented along [011]- and [011]-directions. The experimental results showed that the orientation effect originates, mainly from piezoelectric effect due to strain in the n-layers, induced by the dielectric overlayer. Furthermore, the disagreement among workers regarding the preferable orientation turned out to be due to the difference of the stress-sign in dielectric overlayers employed; it was confirmed that SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> film is in compressive stress and Si <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> n <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</inf> film in tensile stress on GaAs.
Social isolation uncovers a circuit underlying context-dependent territory-covering micturition (2020)

The release of urine, or micturition, serves a fundamental physiological function and, in many species, is critical for social communication. In mice, the pattern of urine release is modulated by external and internal factors and transmitted to the spinal cord via the pontine micturition center (PMC). Here, we exploited a behavioral paradigm in which mice, depending on strain, social experience, and sensory context, either vigorously cover an arena with small urine spots or deposit urine in a few isolated large spots. We refer to these micturition modes as, respectively, high and low territory-covering micturition (TCM) and find that the presence of a urine stimulus robustly induces high TCM in socially isolated mice. Comparison of the brain networks activated by social isolation and by urine stimuli to those upstream of the PMC identified the lateral hypothalamic area as a potential modulator of micturition modes. Indeed, chemogenetic manipulations of the lateral hypothalamus can switch micturition behavior between high and low TCM, overriding the influence of social experience and sensory context. Our results suggest that both inhibitory and excitatory signals arising from a network upstream of the PMC are integrated to determine context- and social-experience-dependent micturition patterns.
Hypodermin A, a new inhibitor of human complement for the prevention of xenogeneic hyperacute rejection (2003)

International audience
Cover Feature: Functionalized Resins for the Synthesis of Peptide Alcohols (Chem. Eur. J. 2/2020) (2019)

The resin's beads (in the column) are a polymer, such as polystyrene (PS) or polyethylene glycol (PEG), that can be functionalized with several linkers (e.g., the phenylalaninol-Rink linker) to render beads that are ready for the synthesis of peptide alcohols. As an example, the functionalized resins can produce stapled peptide alcohols with a phenylalaninol at the C terminus. More information can be found in the Communication by F. J. Ferrer-Gago et al. on page 379.
Plasmonic enhancement of Förster energy transfer between two molecules in the vicinity of a metallic nanoparticle: Nonlocal optical effects (2009)

The problem of F\"orster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between two molecules in the vicinity of a metallic nanoparticle such as a nanoshell is studied within a phenomenological model which takes into account the nonlocal optical response of the metal. This model allows for arbitrary locations and orientations of the two molecular dipoles with respect to the metal particle which can be of ultrasmall sizes $(&lt;10\text{ }\text{nm})$ and for which nonlocal effects are of high significance. In particular, for the nanoshell case, the molecules can be located both outside, both inside, or one inside and one outside the shell. Also, the case with a metallic spherical particle studied mostly in the literature can be obtained in the limit of zero inner radius for the nanoshell. Particular focus will be on the enhancement of this FRET process due mainly to the surface plasmon excitation of the free metallic electrons, and the nonlocal effects on this will be studied with reference to a number of factors including the molecular locations and orientations, the transition frequency of the donor and acceptor;\dots{}etc. Numerical results show that the resonances in the enhanced FRET rate will be dominated by the multipolar bonding and antibonding cross-coupled plasmonic modes of the nanoshell; and that the nonlocal effects will generally lead to blueshifted resonances, as well as diminution of the enhancement for the low-frequency portions of both modes. Such information will be useful for future application of plasmonic enhanced FRET using metallic particles of ultrasmall sizes.
Σ5 (210)/[001] Symmetric Tilt Grain Boundary in Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (1996)

The Σ5 (210)/[001] symmetric tilt grain boundary in yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) was produced by diffusion bonding precisely oriented single crystals. The crystals were cleaned and bonded in an ultra‐high‐vacuum environment. The atomic structure of the boundary was characterized by high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy. Model atomic structures were created by geometric construction to form the coincident site lattice model boundary. Comparison of model structures with high‐resolution micrographs was performed by high‐resolution image simulation. Many aspects of the boundary structure were properly represented by the models, but some details of the high‐resolution images indicated that differences existed.
Teoría de la mente y flexibilidad cognitiva. un estudio con participantes con autismo (2018)

Treball Final de Master Universitari en Psicopedagogia. Codi: SAW021. Curs academic: 2017/2018
Dicarbon defects in as-grown and annealed carbon-doped InAs (2007)

Annealing measurements performed on heavily carbon-doped InAs samples grown by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy confirm that the n-type behavior observed in this material is due to the formation of dicarbon donor defects. The structural, electrical, and optical properties of n-type carbon-doped InAs annealed at temperatures of 400 °C and higher were studied. Raman and infrared spectroscopy showed a reduction in the intensity of carbon acceptor and carbon-hydrogen lines along with an increase in the strength of the dicarbon local vibrational mode after annealing. X-ray diffraction revealed that the lattice constant of annealed samples increased toward that of the undoped samples. These changes were accompanied by increases in the electron concentration and mobility. Based on the expected energy level of dicarbon donors in GaAs, we predict that the dicarbon defects in InAs should introduce a resonant level close to or slightly above the conduction band minimum.
Elementary Linear Algebra (1980)

Systems of linear equations and matrices. Determinants. Vectors in R2 and R3. Vector spaces. Linear transformations. Eigenvalues, eigenvectors and canonical forms. Numerical methods. Appendices: A: Mathematical induction. B: Complex numbers. Answers to odd-numbered problems. Index.
A New Hybrid Modular Multilevel Rectifier as MVac–LVdc Active Front-End Converter for Fast Charging Stations and Data Centers (2023)

As the power demands from dc energy-storage and loads continue to grow in electric vehicle fast charging stations and data centers, the power delivery infrastructure faces challenges with the installation of bulky, heavy, and slow responsive line-frequency power transformer (LFT). These transformers are required to step-down the feeder voltage from medium-voltage (MV) ac grid-service to low-voltage (LV) ac, followed by LVac–LVdc rectifiers. This approach results in a large equipment footprint, heavy conductor copper usage, and lower efficiency. Consequently, there is increasing interest in exploring direct interface from MVac to LVdc without the need for LFT. This article proposed a new solution called MVac–LVdc hybrid modular multilevel rectifier (HMMR). The HMMR serves as a centralized step-down active front-end converter, enabling power delivery to LVdc with a reduced number of dc/dc back-end isolated converters. Compared to the modular multilevel converter (MMC) used as the MVac interface solution, the proposed HMMR could save the submodule number by 40%, reduce losses by 22%, and significantly reduce the footprint area by 37%, effectively increasing the power density and reducing the construction cost. Moreover, the proposed HMMR has the potential to operate in both unity and nonunity power factor modes, allowing it to provide the grid-support functionality. The performance of HMMR is evaluated and compared with full-bridge MMC in the case of 13.8 kV ac to 6 kV dc. The feasibility of the proposed converter is verified by the simulation results with the same specifications. Finally, a scale-down 1.4 kV HMMR prototype is developed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed converter.
Cryopreservation of Complex Systems: The Missing Link in the Regenerative Medicine Supply Chain (2006)

Transplantation can be regarded as one form of "antiaging medicine" that is widely accepted as being effective in extending human life. The current number of organ transplants in the United States is on the order of 20,000 per year, but the need may be closer to 900,000 per year. Cadaveric and living-related donor sources are unlikely to be able to provide all of the transplants required, but the gap between supply and demand can be eliminated in principle by the field of regenerative medicine, including the present field of tissue engineering through which cell, tissue, and even organ replacements are being created in the laboratory. If so, it could allow over 30% of all deaths in the United States to be substantially postponed, raising the probability of living to the age of 80 by a factor of two and the odds of living to 90 by more than a factor of 10. This promise, however, depends on the ability to physically distribute the products of regenerative medicine to patients in need and to produce these products in a way that allows for adequate inventory control and quality assurance. For this purpose, the ability to cryogenically preserve (cryopreserve) cells, tissues, and even whole laboratory-produced organs may be indispensable. Until recently, the cryopreservation of organs has seemed a remote prospect to most observers, but developments over the past few years are rapidly changing the scientific basis for preserving even the most difficult and delicate organs for unlimited periods of time. Animal intestines and ovaries have been frozen, thawed, and shown to function after transplantation, but the preservation of vital organs will most likely require vitrification. With vitrification, all ice formation is prevented and the organ is preserved in the glassy state below the glass transition temperature (T(G)). Vitrification has been successful for many tissues such as veins, arteries, cartilage, and heart valves, and success has even been claimed for whole ovaries. For vital organs, a significant recent milestone for vitrification has been the ability to routinely recover rabbit kidneys after cooling to a mean intrarenal temperature of about -45 degrees C, as verified by life support function after transplantation. This temperature is not low enough for long-term banking, but research continues on preservation below -45 degrees C, and some encouraging preliminary evidence has been obtained indicating that kidneys can support life after vitrification. Full development of tissue engineering and organ generation from stem cells, when combined with the ability to bank these laboratory-produced products, in theory could dramatically increase median life expectancy even in the absence of any improvements in mitigating aging processes on a fundamental level.
Hydrogen annealed silicon-on-insulator (1994)

Hydrogen annealing effects on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) materials are reported. High boron concentration of ∼2×1018/cm3 in 0.1-μm-thick SOI layer produced by bond and etch-back SOI (BESOI) method is reduced to ∼ 5×1015/cm3 by annealing at 1150 °C for 1 h. The BESOI surface became very smooth comparable to commercially available polished wafer simultaneously. Separation-by-implantation-of-oxygen wafer was also smoothed by the hydrogen anneal. This is due to surface migration of Si atoms driven by surface energy minimization after removing native oxide.
New analogs of split algorithms for arbitrary Toeplitz-plus-Hankel matrices (1991)

Fast algorithms for solving arbitrary Toeplitz-plus-Hankel systems of equations are presented. The algorithms are analogs of the split Levinson and Schur algorithms, although the more general Toeplitz-plus-Hankel structure requires that the algorithms be based on a four-term recurrence. Relations with the previous split algorithms are considered. The algorithms require roughly half as many multiplications as previous fast algorithms for Toeplitz-plus-Hankel systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>