gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Bioevaluation of Diphyllin Glycosides as Novel Anticancer Agents (2012)

A series of diphyllin glycosides were synthesized from diphyllin by phase transfer catalysis glycosylation, deprotection, and etherification, and the structures were established by (1) H NMR, (13) C NMR, and HRMS. These glycosides were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxicity against HCT-116, A549, and A549T cancer cell lines by MTT assay, and most of them were cytotoxic at submicromolar concentrations. They were also effective against the paclitaxel-resistant cell line A549T. The kDNA decatenation assay indicated that most of these compounds inhibited topoisomerase IIα-mediated kDNA decatenation. In addition, the in vitro tubulin polymerization study showed that compounds 5 and 6 had antimicrotubule activity with a paclitaxel-like mode of action. Taken together, these results suggest that these diphyllin glycosides act on both TopoII and tubulin.
MEGATRON-CNTRL: Controllable Story Generation with External Knowledge Using Large-Scale Language Models (2020)

Existing pre-trained large language models have shown unparalleled generative capabilities. However, they are not controllable. In this paper, we propose MEGATRON-CNTRL, a novel framework that uses large-scale language models and adds control to text generation by incorporating an external knowledge base. Our framework consists of a keyword predictor, a knowledge retriever, a contextual knowledge ranker, and a conditional text generator. As we do not have access to ground-truth supervision for the knowledge ranker, we make use of weak supervision from sentence embedding. The empirical results show that our model generates more fluent, consistent, and coherent stories with less repetition and higher diversity compared to prior work on the ROC story dataset. We showcase the controllability of our model by replacing the keywords used to generate stories and re-running the generation process. Human evaluation results show that 77.5% of these stories are successfully controlled by the new keywords. Furthermore, by scaling our model from 124 million to 8.3 billion parameters we demonstrate that larger models improve both the quality of generation (from 74.5% to 93.0% for consistency) and controllability (from 77.5% to 91.5%).
Electrochemotherapy in head and neck cancer: A review of an emerging cancer treatment (Review) (2018)

Patients affected by aggressive neoplasms with a high propensity to metastasize to the skin, including some types of head and neck cancer, may benefit from electrochemotherapy, a modality that combines the electroporation of cell membranes and chemotherapy to facilitate the transport of non-permeant molecules into cells; the host immune response consequently participates in achieving the abolition of tumors. Electrochemotherapy can be successfully used for skin metastases of head and neck tumors and, with some limitations, for primary and relapsing neoplasms; it can also be applied on an outpatient basis with a favorable cost-benefit ratio and it is a repeatable treatment that, if necessary, can be followed by traditional antineoplastic therapies. Although still a palliative treatment, the good level of tolerability and the high success rates of electrochemotherapy make it worth consideration among treatment options in selected patients.
Velocimetry in laminar and turbulent flows using the photothermal deflection effect with a transient grating (1986)

An enhanced-precision, high-signal method for velocity measurements with photothermal deflection spectroscopy is presented. A transient refractive-index grating is formed by the interference of two pulsed, pump-laser beams in an absorbing gas. The motion of the grating is detected by the oscillatory deflection of a probe beam, which has a diameter smaller than the fringe spacing. This two-beam pump improves on single-beam pumps because there are more markers for the velocity determination, and the larger thermal gradients increase the probe deflection. The method is illustrated by velocity maps in a laminar ethylene/nitrogen jet using a CO(2) pump laser. Velocity distributions and noise levels were also measured with grid-induced turbulence above the jet.
Center of circle after perspective transformation (2019)

Video-based glint-free eye tracking commonly estimates gaze direction based on the pupil center. The boundary of the pupil is fitted with an ellipse and the euclidean center of the ellipse in the image is taken as the center of the pupil. However, the center of the pupil is generally not mapped to the center of the ellipse by the projective camera transformation. This error resulting from using a point that is not the true center of the pupil directly affects eye tracking accuracy. We investigate the underlying geometric problem of determining the center of a circular object based on its projective image. The main idea is to exploit two concentric circles -- in the application scenario these are the pupil and the iris. We show that it is possible to computed the center and the ratio of the radii from the mapped concentric circles with a direct method that is fast and robust in practice. We evaluate our method on synthetically generated data and find that it improves systematically over using the center of the fitted ellipse. Apart from applications of eye tracking we estimate that our approach will be useful in other tracking applications.
Gerhard Buess, a Great Maverick Passes Away at 62 (2011)

Professor Dr. Gerhard Fritz Buess, the Editor in Chief of Minimally Invasive Therapy and Allied Technologies (MITAT), passed away on 30th October 2010 at a hospital in Herrsching, a small town near...
An analytical study of single particle char gasification (1978)

Abstract The gasification of a single particle of porous char surrounded by a boundary layer with oxygen and water vapor in its environment, taking into consideration the six main reactions along with the appropriate heat and mass transport effects, is considered using a shell‐progressive model. Much can be done analytically, and the numerical treatment of the model equations for a variety of parameters elucidates the structure of the problem which is much more complicated than anticipated, in spite of the fact that the model is a relatively simple one. The flame front of burning hydrogen and carbon monoxide can be at the core surface, in the ash layer, or in the boundary layer depending upon the ambient conditions of temperature and oxygen concentration.
ChemInform Abstract: Near‐Room Temperature Thermal CVD of SiO2 Films. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
PR-CCA MAC: A Prioritized Random CCA MAC Protocol for Mission-Critical IoT Applications (2018)

A fundamental challenge in Mission-Critical Internet of Things (MC-IoT) is to provide reliable and timely delivery of the unpredictable critical traffic. In this paper, we propose an efficient prioritized Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) in MC-IoT control applications. The proposed protocol utilizes a random Clear Channel Assessment (CCA)-based channel access mechanism to handle the simultaneous transmissions of critical data and to reduce the collision probability between the contending nodes, which in turn decreases the transmission latency. We develop a Discrete-Time Markov Chain (DTMC) model to evaluate the performance of the proposed protocol analytically in terms of the expected delay and throughput. The obtained results show that the proposed protocol can enhance the performance of the WirelessHART standard by 80% and 190% in terms of latency and throughput, respectively along with better transmission reliability.
Performance assessment in solving the correspondence problem in underwater stereo imagery (2010)

Binocular stereo vision is a common technique for the recovery of three-dimensional shape. Underwater, backscatter degrades the image quality and consequently the performance of stereo vision-based 3-D reconstruction techniques. Recently, we proposed a method that exploits the depth cue in the backscatter components of stereo pairs, as an additional constraint for recovering the 3-D scene structure. In this paper, we compare the performance of this method with the application of classic normalized SSD-based minimization to raw underwater data, as well as to de-scattered images. Results of experiments with synthetic and real data are presented to assess the performance of our method with these other techniques.
JSON Web Encryption (JWE) (2015)

JSON Web Encryption (JWE) represents encrypted content using JSON-based data structures. Cryptographic algorithms and identifiers for use with this specification are described in the separate JSON Web Algorithms (JWA) specification and IANA registries defined by that specification. Related digital signature and Message Authentication Code (MAC) capabilities are described in the separate JSON Web Signature (JWS) specification.
Supplementary Figure S4 from A Four-gene Decision Tree Signature Classification of Triple-negative Breast Cancer: Implications for Targeted Therapeutics (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S4: Barplot representing sensitivity to CCT007093, a small molecule PPM1D inhibitor in TNBC cell line models.&lt;/p&gt;
Analytical derivation of a conformal perfectly matched absorber for electromagnetic waves (1998)

We present an analytical derivation of a 3-D conformal perfectly matched layer (PML) for mesh termination in general orthogonal curvilinear coordinates. The derivation is based on the analytic continuation to complex space of the normal coordinate to the mesh termination. The resultant fields in the complex space do not obey Maxwell's equations. However, it is demonstrated that, through simple field transformations, a new set of fields can be introduced so that they obey Maxwell's equations for an anisotropic medium with properly chosen constitutive parameters depending on the local radii of curvature. The formulation presented here recovers, as particular cases, the previously proposed Cartesian, cylindrical, and spherical PMLs. A previously employed anisotropic (quasi-) PML for conformal terminations is shown to be the large radius of curvature approximation of the anisotropic conformal PML derived herein. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 17: 231–236, 1998.
A Model for Computer Profiling (2010)

This paper discusses the use of models in automatic computer forensic analysis, and proposes and elaborates on a novel model for use in computer profiling, the computer profiling object model. The computer profiling object model is an information model which models a computer as objects with various attributes and inter-relationships. These together provide the information necessary for a human investigator or an automated reasoning engine to make judgments as to the probable usage and evidentiary value of a computer system. The computer profiling object model can be implemented so as to support automated analysis to provide an investigator with the information needed to decide whether manual analysis is required.
Elucidation of Macromolecular Assemblies (1992)

The molecular structure and cell adhesion properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, laminin and fibronectin, were investigated using optical and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) to assess their potential to construct cellular self-assembly systems useful in molecular device design. Optical micrographs show that both laminin and fibronectin were able to bind cells effectively but only fibronectin was able to effectively interface cells with synthetic microstructures used in the fabrication of a whole cell biosensor. STM was used to gain insight into the molecular structure of these two key ECM proteins as a means to further assess their role in biological cellular assembly. High resolution STM images of these structures were obtained and correlated well with reported molecular structure and dimensions based upon transmission electron microscopy studies. Further, their molecular features were much more evident using STM. Thus, STM can provide the highest resolution yet possible of biological structures in a totally hydrated molecular state. STM offers the potential to study macromolecular self-assembly processes, and possibly their associated universal molecular recognition binding sequences, responsible for cellular self-assembly.
Effect of orifice shape on air atomized water spray characteristics (1977)

Abstract A study has been made of the dispersion characteristics of air atomized water sprays from injection orifices oriented normally to the air flow in a duct. Circular sectioned and rectangular sectioned orifices were employed, for both parallel and perpendicular orientation of the longest dimension of the rectangular orifices, with respect to the air flow direction. Rectangular orifices were found to produce more widely dispersed sprays than circular arifices of approximately equal cross‐sectional area, under otherwise identical conditions. The reasons for these observations are not understood; further studies on droplet size distributions and other factors are indicated.
Chemical and Electrochemical Parameters for Oxygen Reduction on Pt ‐  H 2 WO 4 / Carbon Electrodes in 99 %  H 3 PO 4 (1995)

The electrocatalytic parameters of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and the reaction mechanisms for the 10% Pt and the 2% Pt‐1% electrodes were determined experimentally. The 2% Pt‐1% electrode was found to perform better than the 10% Pt‐based electrode, and it was shown that the higher performance of the 2% Pt‐1% electrode is not related to its electrochemically active surface area or to the lowering of the activation energy of the ORR. The reaction order, the Tafel slope, the number of electrons involved in the reaction, and its rate‐determining step are the same for both electrodes. Also, the mechanism of the ORR was found to be the same for the 10% Pt, the 2% Pt‐1% , and the platinum plate electrodes, indicating that the performance of the ORR on 2% Pt‐1% is not related to a change in the reaction mechanism.
Investigating extreme ultraviolet radiation chemistry with first-principles quantum chemistry calculations (2020)

In extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography, chemistry is driven by secondary electrons. A deeper understanding of these processes is needed. However, electron-driven processes are inherently difficult to experimentally characterize for EUV materials, impeding targeted material engineering. A computational framework is needed to provide information for rational material engineering and identification at a molecular level. We demonstrate that density functional theory calculations can fulfill this purpose. We first demonstrate that primary electron energy spectrum can be predicted accurately. Second, the dynamics of a photoacid generator upon excitation or electron attachment are studied with ab-initio molecular dynamics calculations. Third, we demonstrate that electron attachment affinity is a good predictor of reduction potential and dose to clear. The correlation between such calculations and experiments suggests that these methods can be applied to computationally screen and design molecular components of EUV material and speed up the development process.
DAVID BURNS’ TEAM CBT THERAPY AS A TOOL FOR EDUCATIONAL COUNSELORS (2021)

In this short article, the authors present their views on the effectiveness of Dr. David Burns’ TEAM therapy as an effective tool for educational counsellors in school settings. The authors are Yehuda Bar Shalom, who is both an academic who works in training counsellors and an educational counsellor in the field, draws from his experience as a TEAM therapist and trainer, and Amy Specter, who is a licensed marriage and family therapist who works at a high school for at-risk youth and also has a private practice working with teens and adults online in California. This paper should be seen as a practice-oriented account of two reflective practitioners.
Vaccine for contraception targeting sperm (1999)

Development of a vaccine(s) based on sperm antigens represents a promising approach to contraception. The utility of a sperm antigen in immunocontraception is contingent upon its tissue specificity, involvement in fertility and on raising high antibody titer, especially locally in the genital tract, that is capable of inducing reversible infertility. Several sperm antigens, such as lactate dehydrogenase C4, PH-20, sperm protein (SP)-10, fertilization antigen (FA)-1, FA-2, cleavage signal (CS)-1, NZ-1, and NZ-2 have been proposed as potential candidates for the vaccine development. Spermzona pellucida (ZP) binding is a pivotal tissue- and mostly species-specific event in the fertilization process, and the molecules involved in this site constitute the most exciting candidates for immuno-contraception. FA-1 is a sperm-specific glycoprotein having receptor activity for ZP recognition and binding. Complementary DNA encoding for FA-1 antigen has been cloned and sequenced. Active immunization of animals with recombinant FA-1 antigen causes a long-lasting reversible inhibition in fertility by raising a sperm-specific immune response. This antigen is also involved in human immunoinfertility. The exciting findings from the recent trial in immunoinfertile couples indicate that the FA-1 antigen may have clinical application in the treatment of male infertility. A vaccine having most appropriate tissue-specific and effective recombinant and/or synthetic epitopes of various sperm antigens, such as the FA-1 antigen, in a single formulation may provide a highly immunogenic and efficacious antisperm vaccine for contraception. The advances made during the last 5 years suggest that it may be a realistic proposition.
Appropriate and inappropriate uses of classroom amplification (2005)

Currently, classroom amplifiers are being aggressively advocated as substitutes for good acoustics in small mainstream classrooms. Amplifiers are routinely installed without regard to unoccupied classroom noise levels and reverberation times. Amplifiers are being specified by some school districts as a money-saving alternative to mandating compliance with the ANSI standard on classroom acoustics, S12.60-2002. Manufacturers of portable classrooms and noisy wall mounted HVAC systems have joined in supporting the use of classroom amplifiers, claiming that low (35 dBA) classroom noise levels specified by the ANSI standard are unaffordable and unnecessary given amplifiers. The authors believe that the routine use of classroom amplification is appropriate in very large lecture rooms, in special education classrooms for hearing impaired students, for voice-impaired occupants, and perhaps in certain other limited circumstances. The authors explain why they believe the routine use of amplifiers in small mainstream classrooms is an inappropriate substitute for the good classroom acoustics specified in the ANSI standard.
Total and exchangeable calcium in lymphocytes: Effects of PHA and A23187 (1980)

Calcium has been suggested as an internal second messenger when lymphocytes are stimulated by mitogens to enter the cell cycle. We have assessed the effect of 2 lymphocyte stimulants, the plant lectin phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and the calcium ionophore A23187, on human lymphocyte nucleic acid synthesis, total cell calcium content, and 45Ca labeling. We have used an ultrasensitive method for the measurement of total cell calcium in the same samples used for radiolabeling. Mitogenic concentrations of A23187 (approximately .25 mumole/liter) caused an increase in both total cell calcium and 45Ca labeling. These increases were almost completely blocked by inhibitors of mitochondrial respiration, suggesting that the calcium increment after ionophore treatment was located in the mitochondria. In contrast, total cell calcium was not altered at optimal mitogenic PHA concentrations (0.1 microgram/ml and above). However, at the minimum PHA concentrations that caused stimulation (0.025 to 0.1 microgram/ml), the dose response of 45Ca uptake was very similar to that of DNA synthesis. Importantly, we could not stimulate DNA synthesis with PHA without increasing lymphocyte 45Ca labeling. Thus, an increase in total cell calcium is not essential for mitogenesis; however, an increase in 45Ca exchange is closely associated with the mitogenic effects of A23187 and PHA.
Iron Quantum Dots Electro-Assembling on Vulcan XC-72R: Hydrogen Peroxide Generation for Space Applications (2021)

Highly dispersed iron-based quantum dots (QDs) onto powdered Vulcan XC-72R substrate were successfully electrodeposited by the rotating disk slurry electrodeposition (RoDSE) technique. Our findings through chemical physics characterization revealed that the continuous electron pathway interaction between the interface metal-carbon is controlled. The rotating ring-disk electrode (RRDE) and the prototype generation unit (PGU) of <i>in-situ</i> H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> generation in fuel cell experiments revealed a high activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) via two-electron pathway. These results establish the Fe/Vulcan catalyst at a competitive level for space and terrestrial new materials carriers, specifically for the <i>in-situ</i> H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> production. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis reveals the well-dispersed Fe-based quantum dots with a particle size of 4 nm. The structural and chemical-physical characterization through induced coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), transmission scanning electron microscopy (STEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS); reveals that, under atmospheric conditions, our quantum dots system is a Fe<sup>2+/3+</sup>/Fe<sup>3+</sup> combination. The QDs oxidation state tunability was showed by the applied potential. The obtention of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> under the compatibility conditions of the drinking water resources available in the International Space Station (ISS) enhances the applicability of this iron- and carbon-based materials for <i>in-situ</i> H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> production in future space scenarios. Terrestrial and space abundance of iron and carbon, combined with its low toxicity and high stability, consolidates this present work to be further extended for the large-scale production of Fe-based nanoparticles for several applications.
39.3: A Color High Brightness Passive Matrix Display (2001)

Abstract A color passive matrix display has been designed that has a high light transmission (85% that of parallel polarizers) and well saturated colors. The new design incorporates three STN devices with a Solc 3 filter to form an electrically switchable color switch that is multiplexable. In this paper the design of such a display is considered in detail.
The Design of High-Level Features for Photo Quality Assessment (2006)

We propose a principled method for designing high level features forphoto quality assessment. Our resulting system can classify between high quality professional photos and low quality snapshots. Instead of using the bag of low-level features approach, we first determine the perceptual factors that distinguish between professional photos and snapshots. Then, we design high level semantic features to measure the perceptual differences. We test our features on a large and diverse dataset and our system is able to achieve a classification rate of 72% on this difficult task. Since our system is able to achieve a precision of over 90% in low recall scenarios, we show excellent results in a web image search application.