gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sequentially Shifted Excitation Raman Spectroscopy: Novel Algorithm and Instrumentation for Fluorescence-Free Raman Spectroscopy in Spectral Space (2013)

A novel Raman spectrometer is presented in a handheld format. The spectrometer utilizes a temperature-controlled, distributed Bragg reflector diode laser, which allows the instrument to operate in a sequentially shifted excitation mode to eliminate fluorescence backgrounds, fixed pattern noise, and room lights, while keeping the Raman data in true spectral space. The cost-efficient design of the instrument allows rapid acquisition of shifted excitation data with a shift time penalty of less than 2 s. The Raman data are extracted from the shifted excitation spectra using a novel algorithm that is typically three orders of magnitude faster than conventional shifted-excitation algorithms operating in spectral space. The superiority of the instrument and algorithm in terms of background removal and signal-to-noise ratio is demonstrated by comparison to FT-Raman, standard deviation spectra, shifted excitation Raman difference spectroscopy (SERDS), and conventional multiple-shift excitation methods.
Structural and Biochemical Insights into Bis(2-hydroxyethyl) Terephthalate Degrading Carboxylesterase Isolated from Psychrotrophic Bacterium Exiguobacterium antarcticum (2023)

This study aimed to elucidate the crystal structure and biochemically characterize the carboxylesterase <i>Ea</i>Est2, a thermotolerant biocatalyst derived from <i>Exiguobacterium antarcticum</i>, a psychrotrophic bacterium. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses showed that <i>Ea</i>Est2 belongs to the Family XIII group of carboxylesterases. <i>Ea</i>Est2 has a broad range of substrate specificities for short-chain <i>p</i>-nitrophenyl (<i>p</i>NP) esters, 1-naphthyl acetate (1-NA), and 1-naphthyl butyrate (1-NB). Its optimal pH is 7.0, losing its enzymatic activity at temperatures above 50 °C. <i>Ea</i>Est2 showed degradation activity toward bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET), a polyethylene terephthalate degradation intermediate. We determined the crystal structure of <i>Ea</i>Est2 at a 1.74 Å resolution in the ligand-free form to investigate BHET degradation at a molecular level. Finally, the biochemical stability and immobilization of a crosslinked enzyme aggregate (CLEA) were assessed to examine its potential for industrial application. Overall, the structural and biochemical characterization of <i>Ea</i>Est2 demonstrates its industrial potency as a biocatalyst.
Exposures during the prepuberty period and future offspring’s health: evidence from human cohort studies† (2021)

Emerging evidence suggests that exposures in prepuberty, particularly in fathers-to-be, may impact the phenotype of future offspring. Analyses of the RHINESSA cohort find that offspring of father's exposed to tobacco smoking or overweight that started in prepuberty demonstrate poorer respiratory health in terms of more asthma and lower lung function. A role of prepuberty onset smoking for offspring fat mass is suggested in the RHINESSA and ALSPAC cohorts, and historic studies suggest that ancestral nutrition during prepuberty plays a role for grand-offspring's health and morbidity. Support for causal relationships between ancestral exposures and (grand-)offspring's health in humans has been enhanced by advancements in statistical analyses that optimize the gain while accounting for the many complexities and deficiencies in human multigeneration data. The biological mechanisms underlying such observations have been explored in experimental models. A role of sperm small RNA in the transmission of paternal exposures to offspring phenotypes has been established, and chemical exposures and overweight have been shown to influence epigenetic programming in germ cells. For example, exposure of adolescent male mice to smoking led to differences in offspring weight and alterations in small RNAs in the spermatozoa of the exposed fathers. It is plausible that male prepuberty may be a time window of particular susceptibility, given the extensive epigenetic reprogramming taking place in the spermatocyte precursors at this age. In conclusion, epidemiological studies in humans, mechanistic research, and biological plausibility, all support the notion that exposures in the prepuberty of males may influence the phenotype of future offspring.
Has the road to global accounting convergence come to an end (2020)

This paper provides a critical review of the convergence of global accounting standards by the FASB and IASB with a focus on the influence that standard setters and regulators have had on its progress. The two boards have sustained a long history of cooperative development and committed, in 2002, to give their best efforts to make their existing financial reporting standards fully compatible. In recent years, the movement has lost momentum with many projects discontinued and no new items added to the agenda. The goal of a single set of accounting standards seems less realistic as regulators and standard setters come to fully comprehend the challenges and extent of required training, varying national characteristics, and shared decision making which prevent full agreement. Recent changes in leadership have shifted the focus away from international standards further indicating that the road to global accounting convergence may, indeed, have come to an end.
Quinone photochemistry. A general synthesis of acylhydroquinones (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTQuinone photochemistry. A general synthesis of acylhydroquinonesGeorge A. Kraus and Masayuki KiriharaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 11, 3256–3257Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00037a058https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00037a058research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views578Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Selection-free endogenous tagging of cell lines by bicistronic co-expression of the surface antigen NGFR (2022)

Endogenous protein tagging, in contrast to exogenous overexpression of tagged proteins, allows to characterize specific protein functions under defined physiological or pathophysiological conditions without the influence of non-physiological protein levels. The development of generic and homology-independent tagging strategies, exploiting the CRISPR/spCas9 gene editing system in combination with generic tag donor plasmids, allows targeted and precise gene modification in mammalian cells for almost any desirable gene. So far, fluorescent tags or antibiotic resistance cassettes coupled to the endogenous fusion protein expression have been applied to isolate correctly modified clones. However, both can be challenging, especially when endogenously controlled expression of the tagged protein is weak or regulated by cellular signals. Here, we expand the strategy to selection-free endogenous tagging by exploiting exogenous co-expression of surface antigens. These endogenously regulated, but still easily accessible surface antigens allow simple identification and isolation of clones harboring correctly tagged alleles via common sorting procedures (e.g. FACS/MACS). Using metabolically controlled interaction studies of the endogenously tagged mTORC1-regulating GATOR2 complex protein WDR59, we show that endogenous GFP-labeling does not affect complex association of fusion proteins and downstream signaling via mTORC1. In addition, exogenous co-expression of the NGFR surface antigen does not influence conditional protein-protein interactions.•A method for selection-free, site-specific, homology-independent endogenous genetic tagging.•Production of fusion genes for protein visualization in living cells or determination of protein-protein-interactions.•Expression of a fusion protein mirroring physiological expression in its natural genetic context.
Long-wave instabilities and saturation in thin film equations (1998)

Hocherman and Rosenau conjectured that long-wave unstable Cahn-Hilliard-type interface models develop finite-time singularities when the nonlinearity in the destabilizing term grows faster at large amplitudes than the nonlinearity in the stabilizing term (Phys.˜ D 67, 1993, pp. 113–125). We consider this conjecture for a class of equations, often used to model thin films in a lubrication context, by showing that if the solutions are uniformly bounded above or below (e.g., are nonnegative), then the destabilizing term can be stronger than previously conjectured yet the solution still remains globally bounded. For example, they conjecture that for the long-wave unstable equation m > n leads to blowup. Using a conservation-of-volume constraint for the case m > n > 0, we conjecture a different critical exponent for possible singularities of nonnegative solutions. We prove that nonlinearities with exponents below the conjectured critical exponent yield globally bounded solutions. Specifically, for the above equation, solutions are bounded if m < n + 2. The bound is proved using energy methods and is then used to prove the existence of nonnegative weak solutions in the sense of distributions. We present preliminary numerical evidence suggesting that m ≥ n + 2 can allow blowup. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Las transformaciones del sector ganadero en España: (1940-1985) (2001)

This article contains a critical survey on the transformation of cattle production in Spain along of three periods: the missing years of autarchy (1940-1959); the crisis of traditional cattle based on indigenous races, and the consolidation the new model of industrial cattle induced by demand from alien races and rising quantities of feeds imported (1960-1975); and the years of profitability crisis characterized by progressive exhaustion of productivistic model of industrial cattle (1975-1985). The conclusion is a defense of extensification of cattle production to adapt it to new market segments and stop territorial depopulation processes.
Nitrogen rate and landscape impacts on life cycle energy use and emissions from switchgrass‐derived ethanol (2015)

Abstract Switchgrass‐derived ethanol has been proposed as an alternative to fossil fuels to improve sustainability of the US energy sector. In this study, life cycle analysis ( LCA ) was used to estimate the environmental benefits of this fuel. To better define the LCA environmental impacts associated with fertilization rates and farm‐landscape topography, results from a controlled experiment were analyzed. Data from switchgrass plots planted in 2008, consistently managed with three nitrogen rates (0, 56, and 112 kg N ha −1 ), two landscape positions (shoulder and footslope), and harvested annually (starting in 2009, the year after planting) through 2014 were used as input into the Greenhouse gases, Regulated Emissions and Energy use in transportation ( GREET ) model. Simulations determined nitrogen (N) rate and landscape impacts on the life cycle energy and emissions from switchgrass ethanol used in a passenger car as ethanol–gasoline blends (10% ethanol:E10, 85% ethanol:E85s). Results indicated that E85s may lead to lower fossil fuels use (58 to 77%), greenhouse gas ( GHG ) emissions (33 to 82%), and particulate matter ( PM 2.5) emissions (15 to 54%) in comparison with gasoline. However, volatile organic compounds ( VOC s) and other criteria pollutants such as nitrogen oxides ( NO x), particulate matter ( PM 10), and sulfur dioxides ( SO x ) were higher for E85s than those from gasoline. Nitrogen rate above 56 kg N ha −1 yielded no increased biomass production benefits; but did increase (up to twofold) GHG , VOC s, and criteria pollutants. Lower blend (E10) results were closely similar to those from gasoline. The landscape topography also influenced life cycle impacts. Biomass grown at the footslope of fertilized plots led to higher switchgrass biomass yield, lower GHG , VOC s, and criteria pollutants in comparison with those at the shoulder position. Results also showed that replacing switchgrass before maximum stand life (10–20 years.) can further reduce the energy and emissions reduction benefits.
GPU-Accelerated Minimum Distance and Clearance Queries (2011)

We present practical algorithms for accelerating distance queries on models made of trimmed NURBS surfaces using programmable Graphics Processing Units (GPUs). We provide a generalized framework for using GPUs as coprocessors in accelerating CAD operations. By supplementing surface data with a surface bounding-box hierarchy on the GPU, we answer distance queries such as finding the closest point on a curved NURBS surface given any point in space and evaluating the clearance between two solid models constructed using multiple NURBS surfaces. We simultaneously output the parameter values corresponding to the solution of these queries along with the model space values. Though our algorithms make use of the programmable fragment processor, the accuracy is based on the model space precision, unlike earlier graphics algorithms that were based only on image space precision. In addition, we provide theoretical bounds for both the computed minimum distance values as well as the location of the closest point. Our algorithms are at least an order of magnitude faster and about two orders of magnitude more accurate than the commercial solid modeling kernel ACIS.
Preparation and microstructural analysis of poly(lactic‐alt‐glycolic acid) (2008)

Abstract Alternating copolymers of glycolic (G) and lactic (L) acid were prepared by the condensation of the preformed dimers: L L G and L rac G. By size exclusion chromatography (THF, PS standards), poly(L L G) exhibited a molecular weight ( M n ) of 15.6 kg mol −1 , with a weight average molecular weight ( M w ) of 26.9 kg mol −1 and a PDI of 1.72. The M n for poly(L rac G) was 9.2 kg mol −1 , with a M w of 12.9 kg mol −1 and a PDI of 1.40. The NMR spectra of poly(L L G) were consistent with an isotactic microstructure. NMR spectra of the racemic poly(L rac G) were consistent with an atactic structure. The methylene region of the 1 H NMR spectrum showed a tetrad level of resolution of the nearby stereochemical relationships, for example, iii . Resonances for other groups in both the 1 H and 13 C NMR spectra gave only a triad level of resolution. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 4704–4711, 2008
Sympathetic Nervous System and Lymphocyte Proliferation in the Fischer 344 Rat Spleen: A Longitudinal Study (2008)

Aging alters sympathetic nervous system metabolism in the spleen to affect beta-AR signaling to splenocytes, suggesting that altered sympathetic-immune modulation changes are evident by early middle age.
Multiband transmissions for underwater acoustic communication (2013)

Underwater acoustic communication is important to a variety of scientific and commercial missions in the ocean, for example ocean exploration and monitoring. Due to hardware limitations, often limited bandwidth, for example 6-7 kHz, has been used in underwater communication systems. In addition to high spectral efficiency, large bandwidth can also lead to increased data rates. When utilizing a large frequency band, frequency-division multiplexing, which refers to dividing an available frequency band into smaller sub-bands, is the common practice. We propose to use multiband transmissions for the underwater acoustic channel, where the wide frequency band is divided into multiple separated sub-bands. The sub-band is much wider than the sub-carrier in the orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM). The former is several kilohertz in width while the latter is often only tens of hertz. During our experiment in Hawaii, Hi, in 2011, high data rates were achieved through the use of multiband transmissions, combined with time reversal demodulation. In the meeting, we will present the receiver algorithms for single- and multi-source acoustic communication systems in the multiband transmission framework. Comparison between the multiband transmissions and OFDM schemes will be also discussed. (Work supported by ONR Code 322OA)
Hemilability of ether-phosphine in ruthenium(II) complexes: 31P{1H}-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), fast atom bombardment-mass spectroscopy (FAB-MS) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (EXAF) to confirm the open-closed behavior (2011)

The hemilability of the ether-phosphine ligand [Ph2PCH2CH2OMe] was recorded during complexes 1 and 2 synthesis. The structures of both 1 and 2 have been deduced from elemental analysis, IR, EXAF, FAB-mass spectrometry, 1H, 13C{1H} and 31P{1H} NMR spectroscopy. One of the chloride atoms in 1 was abstracted using AgOTf reagent to prepare the mono-cationic O-Ru-P closed 2. By treatment complex 2 with excess amount of NH4Cl in 2-propanol complex 1 was re-prepared. FAB-MS, EXAF and 31P{1H}-NMR served to monitor the hemilability of the ether-phosphine in 1 and 2 at RT.

	 

	Key words: Ru(II) complexes, ether-phosphine, single crystal, hemilability.
The Clinical Value of Procalcitonin and Neopterin in Predicting Sepsis and Organ Failure After Major Trauma (2003)

We examined whether procalcitonin (PCT) or neopterin (NT) are useful in predicting sepsis, multiple organ failure (MOF), or death after multiple trauma (MT). In a prospective clinical study, a total of 137 consecutive trauma patients (mean age 39 years, median injury severity score [ISS] 27 points) and 34 healthy volunteers were enrolled. Blood samples were collected on arrival in the emergency room until day 28 after trauma. Plasma NT was detected by enzyme-linked immunoassay and PCT plasma levels were determined using an immunoluminometric assay. The incidence of sepsis was 65%, MOF 48%, and death in hospital within 28 days 11%. After adjustment for age, gender, and ISS, PCT and NT levels during the first 2 days after injury were unable to differentiate between patients who developed sepsis or not. On the contrary, patients who developed MOF had higher PCT plasma levels on day 0 (0.60 vs. 0.15 ng/mL), and on days 1 and 2 combined (1.95 vs. 0.32 ng/mL). This difference remained significant in multivariate logistic regression (P = 0.01) and additional subgroup analyses for early and late MOF (P = 0.048 and 0.002). For NT, smaller differences were observed (4.39 vs. 3.68 nmol/L, and 7.20 vs. 5.79 nmol/L), which lost significance in multivariate analysis. On the basis of PCT, ISS, and age, a MOF prediction rule was developed and had a good predictive power (area under the curve: 0.77; P < 0.001). These findings demonstrate that high plasma concentrations of PCT in the early posttraumatic phase are an independent predictor of MOF but not of sepsis.
DNase trials in cystic fibrosis (1995)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a disease with a high morbidity and mortality from pulmonary disease. Sputum from CF patients contains high levels of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), which contribute to its viscoelasticity. Recombinant deoxyribonuclease (rhDNase) has been developed and in vitro studies have showed reduction in the viscoelasticity of CF sputum. This article reviews the in vivo clinical trials conducted to determine the safety and efficacy of this treatment. Phase 1 studies showed preliminary safety data and some evidence of clinical benefit. The two Phase 2 short-term studies showed improvement in pulmonary function and important safety data. The Phase 3 study, which included 968 patients, showed improvement in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) of 5.8% and 5.6% in patients treated once and twice daily, respectively. The risk of developing an exacerbation of infection was reduced by 28% with once daily and 37% with twice daily treatment, compared to placebo. The drug was safe and there was some improvement in quality of life data. Longer-term open labelled studies, the results of intermittent administration, administration to severely ill patients, and the use of different delivery systems are reviewed. In conclusion, recombinant deoxyribonuclease is a new treatment which has been shown to benefit patients with cystic fibrosis when used in conjunction with conventional treatment.
Background and Preview (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Supervised, Sequential, and Active Learning Linear Adaptive Filters Nonlinear Adaptive Filters Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Spaces Kernel Adaptive Filters Summarizing Remarks Endnotes
Q fever epidemic in Hungary, April to July 2013 (2014)

We investigated a Q fever outbreak with human patients showing high fever, respiratory tract symptoms, headache and retrosternal pain in southern Hungary in the spring and summer of 2013. Seventy human cases were confirmed by analysing their serum and blood samples with micro-immunofluorescence test and real-time PCR. The source of infection was a merino sheep flock of 450 ewes, in which 44.6% (25/56) seropositivity was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Coxiella burnetii DNA was detected by real-time PCR in the milk of four of 20 individuals and in two thirds (41/65) of the manure samples. The multispacer sequence typing examination of C. burnetii DNA revealed sequence type 18 in one human sample and two manure samples from the sheep flock. The multilocus variable-number tandem repeat analysis pattern of the sheep and human strains were also almost identical, 4/5-9-3-3-0-5 (Ms23-Ms24-Ms27-Ms28-Ms33-Ms34). It is hypothesised that dried manure and maternal fluid contaminated with C. burnetii was dispersed by the wind from the sheep farm towards the local inhabitants. The manure was eliminated in June and the farm was disinfected in July. The outbreak ended at the end of July 2013.
Locating Contagion Sources in Networks with Partial Timestamps (2014)

This paper studies the problem of identifying the contagion source when partial timestamps of a contagion process are available. We formulate the source localization problem as a ranking problem on graphs, where infected nodes are ranked according to their likelihood of being the source. Two ranking algorithms, cost-based ranking (CR) and tree-based ranking (TR), are proposed in this paper. Experimental evaluations with synthetic and real-world data show that our algorithms significantly improve the ranking accuracy compared with four existing algorithms.