gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Combination of Oxo-M and 4-PPBP as a potential regenerative therapeutics for tendon injury (2019)

Tendons injuries frequently result in scar-like tissue with poor biochemical structure and mechanical properties. We have recently reported that CD146<sup>+</sup> perivascular originated tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSCs), playing critical roles in tendon healing. Here, we identified highly efficient small molecules that selectively activate endogenous TSCs for tendon regeneration. <b>Methods</b>: From a pool of ERK1/2 and FAK agonists, Oxo-M and 4-PPBP were identified, and their roles in tenogenic differentiation of TSCs and <i>in vivo</i> tendon healing were investigated. Controlled delivery of Oxo-M and 4-PPBP was applied via PLGA µS. Signaling studies were conducted to determine the mechanism for specificity of Oxo-M and 4-PPBP to CD146<sup>+</sup> TSCs. <b>Results</b>: A combination of Oxo-M and 4-PPBP synergistically increased the expressions of tendon-related gene markers in TSCs. <i>In vivo</i>, delivery of Oxo-M and 4-PPBP significantly enhanced healing of fully transected rat patellar tendons (PT), with functional restoration and reorganization of collagen fibrous structure. Our signaling study suggested that Oxo-M and 4-PPBP specifically targets CD146<sup>+</sup> TSCs via non-neuronal muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (AChR) and σ1 receptor (σ1) signaling. <b>Principal conclusions</b>: Our findings demonstrate a significant potential of Oxo-M and 4-PPBP as a regenerative therapeutics for tendon injuries.
Biologically active compounds from Ozothamnus leptophyllus (1999)

Abstract A crude extract from a New Zealand native plant, Ozothamnus leptophyllus , was shown to possess antifungal activity. Flavonoids, mainly chalcones in the leaf exudate, were isolated, some of which possessed antiviral as well as antifungal activity. These flavanoids are excreted by glandular trichomes and form quasi‐crystalline deposits on the abaxial side of the leaves. 2’,4’,6'‐Trihydroxy‐chalcone was found to be active against both Polio virus (Pfizer vaccine strain) and Herpes simplex type 1 (ATCC VR 733); it was also responsible for anti‐dermatophytic activity against Trichophyton mentagrophytes . 2’,4'‐Dihydroxy‐4'‐methoxy‐dihydrochalcone was also active against both viruses.
Data-efficient Deep Reinforcement Learning for Dexterous Manipulation (2017)

Deep learning and reinforcement learning methods have recently been used to solve a variety of problems in continuous control domains. An obvious application of these techniques is dexterous manipulation tasks in robotics which are difficult to solve using traditional control theory or hand-engineered approaches. One example of such a task is to grasp an object and precisely stack it on another. Solving this difficult and practically relevant problem in the real world is an important long-term goal for the field of robotics. Here we take a step towards this goal by examining the problem in simulation and providing models and techniques aimed at solving it. We introduce two extensions to the Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient algorithm (DDPG), a model-free Q-learning based method, which make it significantly more data-efficient and scalable. Our results show that by making extensive use of off-policy data and replay, it is possible to find control policies that robustly grasp objects and stack them. Further, our results hint that it may soon be feasible to train successful stacking policies by collecting interactions on real robots.
<title>Automated detection of spiculated lesions and architectural distortions in digitized mammograms</title> (1995)

Mammographic stellate lesions and architectural distortions are usually associated with malignancy, which makes them important signs in the screening for breast cancer. This paper proposes a novel method for the automatic detection of these lesions with the use of a Hough spectrum based geometric texture analysis. The Hough spectrum technique is developed from the traditional Hough transform, which is effective in the description of geometric structures. The Hough spectrum inherits such an ability and extends it into texture analysis for the description of those texture features geometric in nature, such as the spicula of a stellate lesion. When applied in mammographic image processing, an ROI is first transformed into its Hough spectrum, and then thresholding is conducted with its threshold level based on the statistical properties of the spectrum. Those ROIs with strong signals of spiculation are then identified as regions of potential lesions. Our preliminary studies, using only the Hough spectrum based technique without further feature analyses to reduce false positive detection, have yielded sensitivities of 81% for spiculated masses and 67% for architectural distortions at false positive rates of 0.97 and 2.2 per image, respectively. This manifests clearly the potential of the developed technique in the detection of such types of mammographic lesions.
Nanoparticles with Dual Responses to Oxidative Stress and Reduced pH for Drug Release and Anti-inflammatory Applications (2014)

Oxidative stress and reduced pH are involved in many inflammatory diseases. This study describes a nanoparticle-based system that is responsive to both oxidative stress and reduced pH in an inflammatory environment to effectively release its encapsulated curcumin, an immune-modulatory agent with potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capabilities. Because of the presence of Förster resonance energy transfer between curcumin and the carrier, this system also allowed us to monitor the intracellular release behavior. The curcumin released upon triggering could efficiently reduce the excess oxidants produced by the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages. The feasibility of using the curcumin-loaded nanoparticles for anti-inflammatory applications was further validated in a mouse model with ankle inflammation induced by LPS. The results of these studies demonstrate that the proposed nanoparticle system is promising for treating oxidative stress-related diseases.
Dissemination of the Phage-Associated Novel Superantigen Gene speL in Recent Invasive and Noninvasive Streptococcus pyogenes M3/T3 Isolates in Japan (2002)

In Japan, more than 10% of streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome (TSLS) cases have been caused by Streptococcus pyogenes M3/T3 isolates since the first reported TSLS case in 1992. Most M3/T3 isolates from TSLS or severe invasive infection cases during 1992 to 2001 and those from noninvasive cases during this period are indistinguishable in pulsed-field gel electropherograms. The longest fragments of these recent isolates were 300 kb in size, whereas those of isolates recovered during or before 1973 were 260 kb in size. These 260- and 300-kb fragments hybridized to each other, suggesting the acquisition of an about 40-kb fragment by the recent isolates. The whole part of the acquired fragment was cloned from the first Japanese TSLS isolate, NIH1, and its nucleotide sequence was determined. The 41,796-bp fragment is temperate phage phiNIH1.1, containing a new superantigen gene speL near its right attachment site. The C-terminal part of the deduced amino acid sequence of speL has 48 and 46% similarity with well-characterized erythrogenic toxin SpeC and the most potent superantigen, SmeZ-2, respectively. None of 10 T3 isolates recovered during or before 1973 has speL, whereas all of 18 M3/T3 isolates recovered during or after 1992 and, surprisingly, Streptococcus equi subsp. equi ATCC 9527 do have this gene. Though plaques could not be obtained from phiNIH1.1, its DNA became detectable from the phage particle fraction upon mitomycin C induction, showing that this phage is not defective. A horizontal transfer of the phage carrying speL may explain the observed change in M3/T3 S. pyogenes isolates in Japan.
The implementation of cognitive wireless sensor network using rule-based and supervised approaches (2014)

This work proposes an adaptive learning based wireless sensor network which relies on cognitive computational process to provide a dynamic capability in configuring the network, which is called Cognitive Wireless Sensor Network (CogWSN). The network is formed by sensor nodes that equipped with cognitive modules allowing them to aware of their operating environment. The concept of CogWSN and its framework are defined. The decision process consists of Observe, Plan, Implement, and Evaluate phases. The architecture introduces Transceiver, Transducer, and Power Supply virtual modules and the modules are coordinated by CogWSN's decision process together with the required operation by user. Three types of CogWSNs are designed for the implementation: Rule-based CogWSN, Supervised CogWSN, and other combination work. Comparison for these modules is carried out through some case studies on power transmission and communication slots allocation.
Malaysia Industry Masterplans (IMPs) and the Focus on the Nation Technology and Innovation Development (2018)

The global and domestic challenges that confront the Malaysia industrial sector nowadays, had made Malaysia learnt that the past industrial approaches based on heavy dependence of large-scale injection of foreign capital to boost labor productivity are no longer viable. The Malaysia’s industrial plan on heavy reliance to foreign direct investments (FDIs) for the industrial and technological development faced major threat. Prior to 1986 and the three decades onward, the three Malaysia Industrial Master Plans (IMP1, IMP2 and IMP3) policies were adjusted to focus on total productivity growth, which requires strong synergy among all factors of technology and innovation system. This study highlighted on the specific focus of each of the three Malaysia’s Industrial Master Plans (IMPs) and to relate these focus on the technology and innovation used to increase productivity at the time. The essence of the new growth strategy was a shift from assembly-intensive manufacturing technology to an integrated and innovative value-added, industry-wide approach encompassing both manufacturing and related services. The purpose of this study is to establish the importance of technology and innovation in Malaysia Industry and relate to the vital need of STI Policy to align back with Malaysia’s Industrial Master Plan, to drive export competitiveness for realization of the nation’s industrial development agenda. In conclusion, the two vital policies, which are the Industrial Master Plan Polices and Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Policy need to move forward together, aligned and support each other, in order to ensure effective and strategic development of Malaysia industry.
Form, Representation, Presence (1988)

Young argues that in the evolution of human consciousness ‘the critical stage was the acquisition of the power to make symbolic representations by language of concepts indicating the distinction between self and other’. That this distinction, in man—machine terms, may be confused by metaphors that extend self into other (‘face of a clock’) is fairly obvious, but that it also may be confused less comfortably by metaphors that extend other into self is less recognized though commonly observable. Technological man must be very canny about how he conceives himself, by this second kind of metaphor, as an extension of the environment of his artefacts, mind as an imitation of machine (an inversion that has engaged Derrida); for, as Young notes, ‘as man devises tools to substitute for the functions of his body he also creates new language to describe these very functions…’, a language almost invariably derived, by a perverse McLuhanism, from the terminology of the substitute. So a more specific caveat emerges: ‘We cannot hope to describe in detail how the brain works by looking at the bits of metal and minerals inside a computer.’ (The physical machine is not the simulation: the simulation is the computation of the consequences of a theory expressed as a program that more or less approximates what it models.) Rather, ‘What we have to use is the understanding of the principles….’1
Scale-Up of Microchannel Reactors For Fischer−Tropsch Synthesis (2010)

The scale-up of a microchannel reactor for Fischer−Tropsch (FT) synthesis has been demonstrated at multiple scales using four reactors with different lengths and number of channels. An FT catalyst provided by Oxford Catalysts, Ltd. was tested in single channel microreactors with catalyst bed length ranging from ∼4 to ∼62 cm. The same catalyst was also tested in a pilot reactor with 276 parallel process channels (∼17 cm in length). Equivalent process performance was observed across each scale as determined by the metrics of CO conversion, selectivity to byproduct, and the chain growth probability (α). The overall C5+ productivity for these reactors of disparate scales spanned several orders of magnitude ranging from ∼0.004 gallons per day (GPD) to ∼1.5 GPD. The operational flexibility of these microreactors was illustrated by varying syngas feed composition and flow sheet conditions (pressure, temperature, dilution, etc.). The elusive premise of numbering up microchannels has been demonstrated, enabling the scale-up of reactor capacity.
Liquid film dryout model for predicting critical heat flux in annular two-phase flow (2009)

Gas-liquid two-phase flow and heat transfer can be encountered in numerous fields, such as chemical engineering, refrigeration, nuclear power reactor, metallurgical industry, spaceflight. Its critical heat flux (CHF) is one of the most important factors for the system security of engineering applications. Since annular flow is the most common flow pattern in gas-liquid two-phase flow, predicting CHF of annular two-phase flow is more significant. Many studies have shown that the liquid film dryout model is successful for that prediction, and determining the following parameters will exert predominant effects on the accuracy of this model: onset of annular flow, inception criterion for droplets entrainment, entrainment fraction, droplets deposition and entrainment rates. The main theoretical results achieved on the above five parameters are reviewed; also, limitations in the existing studies and problems for further research are discussed.
Portal hypertension induces sodium channel expression in colonocytes from the distal colon of the rat (2000)

Cellular mechanisms for Na(+) retention in portal hypertension are undefined, but epithelial Na(+) channels (ENaC) may be involved. Under high-salt diet, ENaC are absent from distal colon of rat but can be induced by mineralocorticoids such as aldosterone. Presence of rat ENaC was determined by amiloride inhibition of (22)Na(+) uptake in surface colonocytes 7 and 14 days after partial portal vein ligation (PVL) or sham surgery. At both times, uptake inhibition was significantly increased in PVL rats. Presence of mRNA transcripts, determined by RT-PCR, demonstrated that channel alpha- and gamma-subunits were similarly expressed in both groups but that beta-subunit mRNA was increased in PVL rats. This confirms that there was induction of rat ENaC and indicates that beta-subunit has a regulatory role. Urinary Na(+) was decreased for 3 days after PVL but was not different at other times, and serum aldosterone levels were elevated at 7 days, at a time when urinary Na(+) output was similar to that of sham-operated rats. We conclude that PVL leads to induction of ENaC in rat distal colon. An increase in aldosterone levels may prevent natiuresis and is probably one of several control mechanisms involved in Na(+) retention in portal hypertension.
Quantitative evaluation of ASiR image quality: an adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction technique (2012)

Adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASiR) is a new reconstruction algorithm used in the field of medical X-ray imaging. This new reconstruction method combines the idealized system representation, as we know it from the standard Filtered Back Projection (FBP) algorithm, and the strength of iterative reconstruction by including a noise model in the reconstruction scheme. It studies how noise propagates through the reconstruction steps, feeds this model back into the loop and iteratively reduces noise in the reconstructed image without affecting spatial resolution. In this paper the effect of ASiR on the contrast to noise ratio is studied using the low contrast module of the Catphan phantom. The experiments were done on a GE LightSpeed VCT system at different voltages and currents. The results show reduced noise and increased contrast for the ASiR reconstructions compared to the standard FBP method. For the same contrast to noise ratio the images from ASiR can be obtained using 60% less current, leading to a reduction in dose of the same amount.
Sorption of water from alcohol-water mixtures by cation-exchange resins (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSorption of water from alcohol-water mixtures by cation-exchange resinsJoseph A. Sinegra and Giorgio CartaCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1987, 26, 12, 2437–2441Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00072a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00072a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views126Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Entangled palladium nanoparticles in resin plugs (2007)

Palladium nanoparticles were entrapped within resin plugs and used in a range of ligand-free cross-coupling reactions; the convenient modular format of the resin plug enhanced resin handling and allowed the catalysts to be easily recovered and multiply reused.
PEG mediated synthesis of amino-functionalised 2,4,6-triarylpyridines (2007)

The reaction of p-aminoacetophenone with aryl aldehydes in polyethylene glycol (PEG) in the presence of base, followed by treatment with ammonium acetate, affords 2,4,6-triarylpyridines in good yield as a ‘one pot’ procedure. The intermediate Claisen–Schmidt chalcone condensation products or the Michael addition 1,5-diketone products can be prepared in high yield, depending on the ratio of ketone to aldehyde, prior to treatment with ammonium acetate.
Rational expectations and the structure of interest rates. (1972)

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Economics. Thesis. 1972. Ph.D.
Next generation DC-DC converters for Auxiliary Power Supplies with SiC MOSFETs (2018)

DC-DC converters are essential and mandatory components for Auxiliary Power Supplies in rail vehicles. Their further development show huge challenges in terms of weight, volume, noise, isolation, EMC, safety and controllability. This article presents motivation for SiC, comparison of different topologies and results of a new innovative DC-DC converter prototype based on these terms by use of SiC-MOSFETs. The main development goals therefore were switching frequencies above audible level, downsized passive components, high integration, reduced mechanics and cabling, soft switching and reduced interlock times to ensure high power density. At the end the prototype is compared to IGBT solutions.
Curvature of saccades to moving targets corrects for initial directional errors (2018)

Analyzing and predicting visual object motion is important for action and interactions. To successfully track a moving target, the oculomotor system has to take into account internal processing delays of 100 ms: the target will be already at a different location when the eyes start to move. To investigate predictive mechanisms of the oculomotor system under different conditions we measured tracking responses to vertical 10 deg target steps to the center, followed by linear ramp movements into one of the four cardinal directions (speed 10, 15, 20 deg/s). A single blob target appeared on a neutral gray background; it was white, gray or isoluminant red for testing under high and low luminance or color contrast conditions. We compared the dynamics of initial directions and curvatures of saccades for the different conditions and found that for high and low luminance targets initial saccade directions changed with their latencies, suggesting a continuous access to updated target movement predictions. For isoluminant targets, this directional updating was much weaker presumable due to poor motion signals. The comparison of the initial directions of saccades with the optimal direction based on the target position at saccade offset revealed that saccades to high and low luminance targets tended to initially overestimate target speeds. However, saccadic end points were quite accurate because saccadic curvatures scaled with initial directional errors for correction. These dynamic adjustments of saccadic movements suggest that the oculomotor system continuously updates predictions about target movements. In contrast to the classical view of saccade programming with a saccadic deadtime with limited correction possibilities from 80 ms before saccade onset, we found that corrections for the initial direction are still possible at least until saccade onset. Based on refined target movement predictions initial direction errors of saccades can still be corrected by adjusting their movement curvatures. Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2018
End-to-End Deep Kronecker-Product Matching for Person Re-identification (2018)

Person re-identification aims to robustly measure similarities between person images. The significant variation of person poses and viewing angles challenges for accurate person re-identification. The spatial layout and correspondences between query person images are vital information for tackling this problem but are ignored by most state-of-the-art methods. In this paper, we propose a novel Kronecker Product Matching module to match feature maps of different persons in an end-to-end trainable deep neural network. A novel feature soft warping scheme is designed for aligning the feature maps based on matching results, which is shown to be crucial for achieving superior accuracy. The multi-scale features based on hourglass-like networks and self residual attention are also exploited to further boost the re-identification performance. The proposed approach outperforms state-of-the-art methods on the Market-1501, CUHK03, and DukeMTMC datasets, which demonstrates the effectiveness and generalization ability of our proposed approach.
Partitioning Complexity in Air Traffic Management Tasks (2006)

Cognitive complexity is a term that appears frequently in air traffic control research literature, yet there is little principled investigation of the potential sources of cognitive complexity. Three distinctly different sources of cognitive complexity are proposed: environmental, organizational, and display. Two experiments were conducted to explore whether these proposed components of complexity could be effectively partitioned, measured, and compared. The findings demonstrate that sources of complexity can be decomposed and measured and furthermore, the use of color in displays, a display design intervention meant to reduce environmental complexity, can actually contribute to it.