gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Future perspective in the use of disinfectants]. (1977)

The effects of different combinations of quaternary ammonium compounds (Sanitized, Sanigard) on faecal and soil organisms demonstrate the usefulness of these products (dilution 1/100,000). A contact time of 30 seconds to 4 minutes is sufficient for bacteriocidal activity. Materials treated with these compounds retain their bacteriocidal activity after 10 washes with boiling water and for over a month with normal usage. The disinfection of a door handle contaminated with Vibrio cholerae or Salmonella typhi destroys these bacteriae after 30 seconds and prevents re-contamination for a month. Therefore, they are very useful in the control of diseases caused by bad hygiene.
On solitary waves for nonlinear schrödinger equations in higher dimensions (1986)

We investigate the existence of solitary waves of the nonlinear singular Schrödinger equation in arbitrary dimensions and prove that the phase φ of any solitary wave type solution u(x,t)= r(x,t).exp(iφ(x,t) is a linear function and can be determined by the velocity of the amplitude r . Thus the problem of finding solitary waves of the Schrödinger equation is equivalent to the investigation of solitary waves of the corresponding nonlinear scalar field equation. Further we prove some necessary conditions in the case χ = 0.
3-Aryl-2,4-pentanediones from 3,5-Dimethyl-4-iodoisoxazoles: An Application of a Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reaction (1994)

Abstract 3,5-Dimethyl-4-iodoisoxazole readily undergoes palladium-catalyzed coupling with arylboronic acids and organostannanes to form 4-aryl-3,5-dimethylisoxazoles. The unique nature of the isoxazole-ring is exploited to convert 4-aryl-3,5-dimethylisoxazoles to 3-aryl-2,4-pentanediones.
Entanglements and compound states in quantum information theory (2000)

Quantum entanglements, describing truly quantum couplings, are stu died and classified from the point of view of quantum compound states. We show that c lassical-quantum correspondences such as quantum encodings can be treated as d-entanglements leading to a special class of the separable compound states. The mutual information of the d-compound and entangled states lead to two di fferent types of entropies for a given quantum state: the von Neumann entrop y, which is achieved as the supremum of the information over all d-entanglem ents, and the dimensional entropy, which is achieved at the standard entangl ement, the true quantum entanglement, coinciding with a d-entanglement only in the commutative case. The q-capacity of a quantum noiseless channel, defi ned as the supremum over all entanglements, is given as the logarithm of the dimensionality of the input von Neumann algebra. It can double the classical capacity, achieved as the supremum over all semi-quantum couplings (d-entang lements, or encodings), which is bounded by the logarithm of the dimensional ity of a maximal Abelian subalgebra.
Development of New Reactor Fuel Materials (1995)

KEYWORDS: alloy nuclear fuelshydrogen absorptionalloy U-Thalloy U-Th-Zralloy U-Th-Ti-Zrhydrogen concentrationmicrostructure
Proceedings of the Eighth Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (1992) (2013)

This is the Proceedings of the Eighth Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, which was held in Stanford, CA, July 17-19, 1992
Multifunctional Switchable Filter Using Shorted Coupled-Line Sections (2022)

This paper presents a novel multifunctional RF filter based on RF-switched parallel-coupled line sections. It demonstrates three different reconfigurable responses namely a bandpass filter (BPF) response, a bandstop filter (BSF) response and a dual-band (DBPF) response. Reconfigurability is realized by turning on and off four p-i-n diodes that are placed at specific locations and either connect or disconnect a uniform transmission line and shorted parallel coupled-line sections to the main RF signal path. To verify the validity of the proposed design, a switchable filter prototype is fabricated and measured. For the BPF response, the measured 3-dB fractional bandwidth (FBW) is 43.48 % (1.75-2.75 GHz) with a passband insertion loss of 0.8 dB. For the BSF response the measured 3-dB FBW is 36.52 % (1.90-2.74 GHz) with an in-band suppression level above 12 dB. Finally for the dual-band BPF response, the measured 3-dB FBWs of the two bands are 18.2% and 18.5% respectively.
Development and Testing of a New C-Based Algorithm to Control a 9-Degree-ofFreedom Wheelchair-Mounted-Robotic-Arm System (2010)

A Wheelchair-Mounted Robotic Arm (WMRA) was designed to aid people with limited or no upper-limb usage to accomplish activities of daily living (ADLs). The primary objective of this research was to enhance the performance of the WMRA by improving the communication protocols and functions between the hardware and software used for its control. Previously, the control algorithm of the robotic arm was tested in simulation and in the physical arm. These implementations required a combination of Matlab and C++ language and introduced some software instability under Windows operating system. To improve the performance of the WMRA, the programs for hardware control were separated from the ones intended for simulation. The control algorithm of the arm was rewritten using C++ language to facilitate the communication with the controller boards and to make the system more stable and reliable. As a result, the communication delays were decreased since the interfaces between different programs is no longer needed. Preliminary tests were performed to demonstrate the stability and reliability of the new control algorithm. The overall response of the control implementation was enhanced and
Ablation of Toll-like receptor 9 attenuates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice (2019)

In myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, the innate immune and subsequent inflammatory responses play a crucial role in the extension of myocardial damage. Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) is a critical receptor for recognizing unmethylated CpG motifs that mitochondria contain in their DNA, and induces inflammatory responses. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of TLR9 in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Isolated hearts from TLR9-deficient and control wild-type mice were subjected to 35 min of global ischemia, followed by 60 min of reperfusion with Langendorff apparatus. Furthermore, wild-type mouse hearts were infused with DNase I and subjected to ischemia/reperfusion. Ablation of TLR9-mediated signaling pathway attenuates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and inflammatory responses, and digestion of extracellular mitochondrial DNA released from the infarct heart partially improved myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury with no effect on inflammatory responses. TLR9 could be a therapeutic target to reduce myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.
EXPRESSION OF CONCERN: Characterization of a novel Gram‐stain‐positive anaerobic coccus isolated from the female genital tract: Genome sequence and description of Murdochiella vaginalis sp. nov. (2018)

Strain Marseille-P2341<sup>T</sup> , a nonmotile, nonspore-forming, Gram-stain-positive anaerobic coccus, was isolated in the vaginal specimen of a patient with bacterial vaginosis using culturomics. Its growth occurred at temperatures ranging from 25 to 42°C, with pH between 6.5 and 8.5, and at NaCl concentrations lower than 5%. The major fatty acids were C<sub>18:1n9</sub> (27.7%) and C<sub>16:0</sub> (24.4%). Its genome is 1,671,491 bp long with 49.48 mol% of G+C content. It is composed of 1,501 genes: 1,446 were protein-coding genes and 55 were RNAs. Strain Marseille-P2341<sup>T</sup> shared 97.3% of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Murdochiella asaccharolytica, the phylogenetically closest species. These results enabled the classification of strain Marseille-P2341<sup>T</sup> as a new species of the genus Murdochiella for which we proposed the name Murdochiella vaginalis sp. nov. The type strain is strain Marseille-P2341<sup>T</sup> (=DSM 102237, =CSUR P2341).
Toward Cooling Uniformity: Investigation of Spiral, Sweeping Holes, and Unconventional Cooling Paradigms (2018)

Surface infrared thermography, hotwire anemometry, and thermocouple surveys were performed on two new film cooling hole geometries: spiral/rifled holes and fluidic sweeping holes. Ways to quantify the efficacy of novel cooling holes that are asymmetric, not uniformly spaced or that show variation from hole to hole are presented. The spiral holes attempt to induce large-scale vorticity to the film cooling jet as it exits the hole to prevent the formation of the kidney shaped vortices commonly associated with film cooling jets. The fluidic sweeping hole uses a passive in-hole geometry to induce jet sweeping at frequencies that scale with blowing ratios. The spiral hole performance is compared to that of round holes with and without compound angles. The fluidic hole is of the diffusion class of holes and is therefore compared to a 777 hole and square holes. A patent-pending spiral hole design showed the highest potential of the nondiffusion type hole configurations. Velocity contours and flow temperature were acquired at discreet cross-sections of the downstream flow field. The passive fluidic sweeping hole shows the most uniform cooling distribution but suffers from low span-averaged effectiveness levels due to enhanced mixing. The data was taken at a Reynolds number of 11,000 based on hole diameter and freestream velocity. Infrared thermography was taken for blowing ratios of 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 at a density ratio of 1.05. The flow inside the fluidic sweeping hole was studied using 3D unsteady RANS. A section on ideas for future work is included that addresses issues of quantifying cooling uniformity and provides some ideas for changing the way we think about cooling such as changing the direction of cooling or coupling acoustic devices to cooling holes to regulate frequency.
Haptic Feedback for Microrobotics Applications: A Review (2016)

Microrobotics systems are showing promising results in several applications and scenarios, such as targeted drug delivery and screening, biopsy, environmental control, surgery, and assembly. While most of the systems presented in the literature consider autonomous techniques, there is a growing interest in human-in-the-loop approaches. For reasons of responsibility, safety, and public acceptance, it is in fact beneficial to provide a human with intuitive and effective means for directly controlling these microrobotic systems. In this respect, haptic feedback is widely believed to be a valuable tool in human-in-the-loop teleoperation systems. This article presents a review of the literature on haptic feedback systems for microrobotics, categorizing it according to the type of haptic technology employed. In particular, we considered both tethered and untethered systems, including applications of micropositioning, microassembly, minimally invasive surgery, delivery of objects, micromanipulation, and injection of cells. One of the main challenges for an effective implementation is stability control. In fact, the high scaling factors introduced to match variables in the macro and the micro worlds may introduce instabilities. Another challenge lies in the measurement of position and force signals in the remote environment. The integration of microsized sensors may significantly increase the complexity and cost of tools fabrication. To overcome the lack of force-sensing, vision seems a promising solution. Finally, although the literature on haptic feedback for untethered microrobotics is still quite small, we foreseen a great development of this field of research, thanks to its flexible applications in biomedical engineering scenarios.
Estimation of Component Failure Rates Based on Survival Data for Assemblies (2019)

Component failure rates are typically estimated from results of life testing on these components with subsequent statistical analysis, or from data of field returns of assemblies that contain these components. However, analysis of the root causes of assembly failures and subsequent classification of failures, i.e., identification of the component that has caused failure of the assembly, is expensive for assembly manufacturers or system integrators. Furthermore, components are integrated into more and more complex systems, which makes it difficult to perform detailed failure analyses. Finally, low component failure rates require analysis of a large amount of data to get reliable results. This paper presents an approach to estimate failure rates for components (or at least to derive bounds on these failure rates), based on failure data collected on assembly level (which are made up of these components) without the need to identify which component has caused failure of the assembly, provided that (i) large data sets of failure data on assembly level are available; (ii) these data sets contain data from a large variety of assemblies, and (iii) it is exactly known which components make up a given type of assembly. The latter information is usually already known to assembly manufacturers or system integrators, so the proposed approach allows gaining information on component failure rates with less effort and expenses. To this end, Aalen's additive hazard model is applied, which is frequently used in a biostatistical context, but less frequently in the context of reliability. The feasibility of the approach is demonstrated by means of simulated data. Finally, the paper concludes with a summary and a discussion of further extensions.
Recomendación acerca de la Lógica del Argumento (2013)

Since its modern inception in the early 1970s, informal logic has placed a special emphasis on the analysis of fallacies and argumentative dialogue schemes. Concurrent developments in speech communication circles exhibit a like concentration on the dialectical character of argument.
Moment method analysis of parallel plate slot antennas (2003)

The authors propose a moment method analysis for the analysis of a parallel plate slot array, excited by a feed waveguide, based on the Flocket's theorem. The beam tilt of the incident wave, due to the frequency dependence of the excitation wavelength, is considered by using a complex Hertzian potential and periodic boundary conditions. A phase shift, that depends on the frequency, is included in the periodic conditions. This analysis can also be used for beam scanning arrays.
An Objective Technique for Verifying Sea Breezes in High-Resolution Numerical Weather Prediction Models (2004)

An ongoing challenge in mesoscale numerical weather prediction (NWP) is to determine the ideal method for verifying the performance of high-resolution, detailed forecasts. Traditional objective techniques that evaluate NWP model performance based on point error statistics may not be positively correlated with the value of forecast information for certain applications of mesoscale NWP, and subjective evaluation techniques are often costly and time consuming. As a result, objective event-based verification methodologies are required in order to determine the added value of high-resolution NWP models.
Theory of time-crystalline behaviour mediated by phonon squeezing in Ta2NiSe5 (2022)

We theoretically investigate photonic time-crystalline behaviour initiated by optical excitation above the electronic gap of the excitonic insulator candidate $\rm{Ta_2 Ni Se_5}$. We show that after electron photoexcitation, electron-phonon coupling leads to an unconventional squeezed phonon state, characterised by periodic oscillations of phonon fluctuations. Squeezing oscillations lead to photonic time crystalline behaviour. The key signature of the photonic time crystalline behaviour is THz amplification of reflectivity in a narrow frequency band. The theory is supported by experimental results on $\rm{Ta_2 Ni Se_5}$ where photoexcitation with short pulses leads to enhanced terahertz reflectivity with the predicted features. We explain the key mechanism leading to THz amplification in terms of a simplified Hamiltonian whose validity is supported by ab-initio DFT calculations. Our theory suggests that the pumped $\rm{Ta_2 Ni Se_5}$ is a gain medium, demonstrating that squeezed phonon noise may be used to create THz amplifiers in THz communication applications.
Next-generation Sequencing of Advanced Prostate Cancer Treated with Androgen-deprivation Therapy (2013)

RNA-seq of paired PCa samples revealed ADT-regulated signalling pathways. Proof-of-principle inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway specifically delays androgen-independent PCa cell cycle progression and proliferation and warrants further investigation as a potential target for therapy for CRPC.
Custom macro design in VLSI bipolar technology (1982)

A custom bipolar VLSI microprocessor chip will be discussed. Chip contains 4208 logic circuits, including 14 PLAs and a 13Kb ROM. The loaded average propagation delay per logic stage is 2.0 ns.
Different Behavior of Forearm Blood Flow during Intermittent Isometric Handgrip in a Thermo-neutral and a Hot Environment. (1995)

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the different behavior of forearm blood flow (FBF) during intermittent isometric handgrip (IIHG, 6 seconds contraction +6 seconds relaxation) in a thermoneutral versus a hot environment. Six healthy men performed three times of 5-minute period IIHG at three different work loads (10%, 20% and 30% MVC). The IIHG was performed with the right hand. The experiments of IIHG were performed at two different air temperatures (25 degrees C and 40 degrees C, RH: 50%), and an experiment without work was also carried out at 40 degrees C (RH: 50%). The physiological responses measured involved heart rate (HR), cardiac output (CO), mean arterial blood pressure (MBP), FBF, and skin blood flow (SBF). HR, CO and SBF showed higher values during IIHG at 40 degrees C than at 25 degrees C. MBP had a tendency to increase with the intensity of work load at both 25 degrees C and 40 degrees C. Since intramuscular pressure might increase during contraction periods at 20% MVC and 30% MVC at 25 degrees C, FBF was significantly higher during relaxation periods than during contraction periods. FBF showed similar values between contraction and relaxation periods at 10% MVC at both temperatures. The present study suggested that FBF was sufficient for active muscles during IIHG at 10% MVC. FBF of contraction periods was close to that of relaxation periods at 40 degrees C due to the modulation of the sympathetic outflow to the muscles and/or the decreased efficiency of the muscle pump. It was suggested that FBF showed different behaviors during HHG at 25 degrees C versus at 40 degrees C.
Are All Readmissions Bad Readmissions? (2010)

Are All Readmissions Bad Readmissions?To The Editor: The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) view readmission for any reason after an index hospitalization for heart failure as a sign of poor quality of care."From the patient perspective, readmission from any cause is an adverse event." 1 Little consideration has been given, however, to a potential association between readmissions and mortality, an outcome that is of primary interest to medical professionals and the general public.We examined the association between riskadjusted readmission and risk-adjusted death within 30 days after hospitalization for heart failure among 3857 hospitals included in the CMS Hospital Compare public reporting database (www .hospitalcompare.hhs.gov) that had no missing data.We used linear regression analysis with restricted cubic splines 2 (piecewise smoothing polynomials) (Fig. 1).Analysis was performed with the use of R, version 2.10.1 (www.r-project.org), and Harrell's Hmisc library.A higher occurrence of readmissions after index admissions for heart failure was associated with lower risk-adjusted 30-day mortality.Our findings suggest that readmissions could be "adversely" affected by a competing risk 3 of death -a patient who dies during the index episode of care can never be readmitted.Hence, if a hospital has a lower mortality rate, then a greater proportion of its discharged patients are eligible for readmission.As such, to some extent, a higher readmission rate may be a consequence of successful care.Furthermore, planned readmissions for procedures or surgery may represent appropriate care that decreases the risk of death, but this is not accounted for in Hospital Compare.These observations are consistent with a recent study of 3999 Medicare beneficiaries in California who were hospitalized at various hospitals with a principal diagnosis of heart failure.Hospitals that used more resources had lower mortality rates. 4 It is unclear why the relation between 30-day readmissions and 30-day mortality was flat among hospitals with the lowest readmission rates (Fig. 1).We speculate that this has to do with variations in hospital characteristics between hospitals with low readmission rates versus those with high readmission rates or in hospitals' approaches to
LiDAR Ranging System Based on Automatic Gain Control and Timing Discriminators (2017)

A LiDAR ranging system has been developed based on automatic gain control and timing discriminators in this paper. Timing discriminators in the time-pickoff circuit, which employ constant fraction discriminator, were designed to reduce the walk error caused by the variation of pulse amplitude. Automatic gain control was used to concentrate the input pulse amplitude of timing discriminator in a limited range, which can meet the demand of timing discriminators and reduce the timing jitter error of timing discriminators. The time-pickoff circuit using automatic gain control (AGC) and the timing discriminators can improve the precision of LiDAR ranging system. The performance of the designed circuits of AGC and timing discriminators has been tested through simulations and experiments. The results of experiments showed that the timing discriminators were able to effectively improve the precision even if the detected distance changes.
Bandpass sampling in heterodyne receivers for coherent optical access networks (2012)

A novel digital receiver architecture for coherent heterodyne-detected optical signals is presented. It demonstrates the application of bandpass sampling in an optical communications context, to overcome the high sampling rate requirement of conventional receivers (more than twice the signal bandwidth). The concept is targeted for WDM coherent optical access networks, where applying heterodyne detection constitutes a promising approach to reducing optical hardware complexity. The validity of the concept is experimentally assessed in a 76 km WDM-PON scenario, where the developed DSP achieves a 50% ADC rate reduction with penalty-free operation.