gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[P‐108]: Successful AD and MCI differentiation from normal aging via automated analysis of MR image features (2005)

Neuropathological studies in Alzheimer's dementia (AD) have shown that brain degeneration in the medial temporal lobes (MTL) occurs early in the course of the disease. Our hypothesis is that microscopic changes will impact the T1-weighted (T1w) MR signal intensity, while macroscopic alterations in structure shape can be detected via image registration. We aimed at differentiating AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) from normal aging (NA) with> 95% sensitivity and specificity using a recently developed automated classification technique. Subjects- 15 clinical AD [age 70(8), MMSE 22.45(5.5)], 7 MCI [age 74(8), MMSE 25.1(1.7)] and 22 NA [age 62(9), MMSE 26.6(5.5)]. T1w MRI were acquired after informed consent on a 1.5T Siemens Magnetom Vision scanner (3D sequence, TR=11.6ms, TE=4.9ms, FA= sagittal, 256 (SI) x 204 (AP) mm pixels, 1mm slices). Pre-processing - All scans were corrected for intensity inhomogeneity, linearly registered in stereotaxic space and intensity normalized. Rectangular volumes of interest (VOI) were defined on the left and right MTL (80x52x60 voxels). Each VOI was further linearly and nonlinearly registered to a reference target image. Two features were defined for classification: the linear registered, normalized intensity and the trace of the Jacobian of the nonlinear deformation fields, providing a measure of local volume change. Analysis - Normative spaces were created from 152 normal young subjects using principal components analysis of the intensity and trace VOIs. Pre-processed scans from the cohort subjects were projected in the normative spaces. Logistic regression (χ2< 4.04 , P< 0.045) was used to identify significant eigenvectors that were then retained for forward stepwise linear discriminant analyses. With 12 eigenvectors (P-to-enter< 0.2) the classifier sensitivity to AD was 93% and to MCI 100%, while it achieved 100% specificity. Our results indicate that MR data projected in multidimensional feature domains can adequately discriminate NA, AD and MCI populations. This single-scan, practical and objective method holds promise for AD or MCI detection from normal aging.
Th17 Cells in Autoimmune and Infectious Diseases (2014)

The view of CD4 T-cell-mediated immunity as a balance between distinct lineages of Th1 and Th2 cells has changed dramatically. Identification of the IL-17 family of cytokines and of the fact that IL-23 mediates the expansion of IL-17-producing T cells uncovered a new subset of Th cells designated Th17 cells, which have emerged as a third independent T-cell subset that may play an essential role in protection against certain extracellular pathogens. Moreover, Th17 cells have been extensively analyzed because of their strong association with inflammatory disorders and autoimmune diseases. Also, they appear to be critical for controlling these disorders. Similar to Th1 and Th2 cells, Th17 cells require specific cytokines and transcription factors for their differentiation. Th17 cells have been characterized as one of the major pathogenic Th cell populations underlying the development of many autoimmune diseases, and they are enhanced and stabilized by IL-23. The characteristics of Th17 cells, cytokines, and their sources, as well as their role in infectious and autoimmune diseases, are discussed in this review.
Coal blending optimization of coal preparation production process based on improved GA (2009)

Coal blending optimization of coal preparation production process is one of the most important segments in the schedule of coal preparation production, and the last link of product quality control in coal preparation plant. It can increase the diversity of prepared coal, quality stability and flexibility of production. In the work, a model of coal blending schedule was given with the objective of economic benefits. Relations of optimization parameters were obtained by process analysis, and their model are non-linear. Using adaptive simulated annealing genetic algorithm (ASAGA), coal blending parameters were optimized. Simulation shows that GSAA can obtain better optimization effects and the optimal parameters have instructive significance on production schedule.
Fast atom bombardment and collisional activation mass spectrometry as probes for the identification of positional isomers in a series of benzylated guanosines (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFast atom bombardment and collisional activation mass spectrometry as probes for the identification of positional isomers in a series of benzylated guanosinesYves. Tondeur, Robert C. Moschel, Anthony. Dipple, and Steven R. KoepkeCite this: Anal. Chem. 1986, 58, 7, 1316–1324Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00298a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00298a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views49Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Caffeine, alcohol and overall nutrient adequacy are associated with longitudinal cognitive performance among US adults (2013)

The relationships of caffeine, alcohol and nutrient adequacy with cognitive performance were examined using data from a prospective cohort study, the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (n=628–1,305;~2 visits/person). Outcomes included ten cognitive test scores, spanning various domains. Caffeine and alcohol intakes and a nutrient adequacy score(NAS) were estimated from 7‐d food diaries. Multiple linear mixed models (Time=years since baseline assessment), indicated that caffeine was associated with better baseline global cognition, overall and for subjects with baseline age(Agebase)≥70y. Caffeine was also related to better baseline performance on visual memory overall, but with a faster decline on that domain over time. Higher NAS was linked to slower decline on verbal memory, immediate recall(overall,men, Agebase&lt;70y) and attention(women, Agebase&lt;70y), better baseline performance on immediate and delayed recall(Agebase≥70y), but with faster decline on global cognition and visual memory(Agebase&lt;70y). For Agebase&lt;70y, alcohol was linked to faster decline on letter fluency and global cognition. Conversely, for Agebase≥70y, alcohol was related to better baseline attention and working memory. Models with Time=Age centered at 50y were consistent. In sum, mixed patterns of association indicate modification by baseline age and sex, requiring more longitudinal studies.
Genetic Algorithm-Guided, Adaptive Model Order Reduction of Flexible Aircrafts (2017)

This paper presents a methodology for automated model order reduction (MOR) of flexible aircrafts to construct linear parameter-varying (LPV) reduced order models (ROM) for aeroservoelasticity (ASE) analysis and control synthesis in broad flight parameter space. The novelty includes utilization of genetic algorithms (GAs) to automatically determine the states for reduction while minimizing the trial-and-error process and heuristics requirement to perform MOR; balanced truncation for unstable systems to achieve locally optimal realization of the full model; congruence transformation for "weak" fulfillment of state consistency across the entire flight parameter space; and ROM interpolation based on adaptive grid refinement to generate a globally functional LPV ASE ROM. The methodology is applied to the X-56A MUTT model currently being tested at NASA/AFRC for flutter suppression and gust load alleviation. Our studies indicate that X-56A ROM with less than one-seventh the number of states relative to the original model is able to accurately predict system response among all input-output channels for pitch, roll, and ASE control at various flight conditions. The GA-guided approach exceeds manual and empirical state selection in terms of efficiency and accuracy. The adaptive refinement allows selective addition of the grid points in the parameter space where flight dynamics varies dramatically to enhance interpolation accuracy without over-burdening controller synthesis and onboard memory efforts downstream. The present MOR framework can be used by control engineers for robust ASE controller synthesis and novel vehicle design.
Continuous flow synthesis of β-amino acids from α-amino acids via Arndt–Eistert homologation (2014)

A fully continuous four step process for the preparation of β-amino acids from their corresponding α-amino acids utilizing the Arndt–Eistert homologation approach is described.
Burden of celiac disease in the Mediterranean area (2011)

In the near future, the burden of CD will increase tremendously. Few Mediterranean countries are able to face this expanding epidemic alone.
Grid integration of wind generation considering remote wind farms: hybrid markovian and interval unit commitment (2017)

Grid integration of wind power is essential to reduce fossil fuel usage but challenging in view of the intermittent nature of wind. Recently, we developed a hybrid Markovian and interval approach for the unit commitment and economic dispatch problem where power generation of conventional units is linked to local wind states to dampen the effects of wind uncertainties. Also, to reduce complexity, extreme and expected states are considered as interval modeling. Although this approach is effective, the fact that major wind farms are often located in remote locations and not accompanied by conventional units leads to conservative results. Furthermore, weights of extreme and expected states in the objective function are difficult to tune, resulting in significant differences between optimization and simulation costs. In this paper, each remote wind farm is paired with a conventional unit to dampen the effects of wind uncertainties without using expensive utility-scaled battery storage, and extra constraints are innovatively established to model pairing. Additionally, proper weights are derived through a novel quadratic fit of cost functions. The problem is solved by using a creative integration of our recent surrogate Lagrangian relaxation and branch-and-cut. Results demonstrate modeling accuracy, computational efficiency, and significant reduction of conservativeness of the previous approach.
Oxidation Behavior of Glassy Carbon in Acidic Electrolyte (2022)

Abstract Glassy carbon is frequently used in electrochemical research due to its presumed robust electrochemical performance. Although it is widely utilized as a rotating disc electrode material, the modification of glassy carbon during electro‐catalytic process is rarely emphasized or characterized. In this report, we investigated the structural modification of glassy carbon imparted by electrochemical oxidation in acidic media and compared the behavior with graphite. The functional groups generated from electrochemical oxidation in both electrodes possess similar electrochemical properties. However, above an oxidation potential of 1.8 V (vs. reversibly hydrogen electrode), glassy carbon exhibits a lower electrochemical capacitance compared to graphite. We propose that the existence of electrochemically inactive species, originating from the non‐graphitic portion of glassy carbon is attributed to such deterioration. Additionally, high resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR‐SEM) and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR‐TEM) images corroborate how electrochemical oxidation prevails for glassy carbon electrodes at oxidative potentials. The overall analysis leads us to propose a corrosion mechanism for glassy carbon in acidic solution.
Discrete Particle Models of Tissue (2015)

In this chapter, discrete particle models of tissues are presented. Optical models of biotissue with basic single and low-order scattering are analyzed, in which both orderly and randomly distributed scatterers are considered. As examples, three types of eye tissues are shown with different structure and turbidity, such as cornea, healthy or cataract lens, and sclera. Basic principles of transmission, reflection, and scattering spectra formation are discussed. The Mueller matrix element measurements applied for diagnostics and monitoring of biological tissue and cell pathology are presented.
Data-Intensive Workload Consolidation for the Hadoop Distributed File System (2012)

Workload consolidation, sharing physicalresources among multiple workloads, is a promisingtechnique to save cost and energy in cluster computingsystems. This paper highlights a number of challengesassociated with workload consolidation for Hadoop, as oneof the current state-of-the-art data-intensive clustercomputing systems. Through a systematic step-by-stepprocedure, we investigate challenges for efficient serverconsolidation in Hadoop environments. To this end, we firstinvestigate the inter-relationship between last level cache(LLC) contention and throughput degradation forconsolidated workloads on a single physical serveremploying Hadoop distributed file system (HDFS). We theninvestigate the general case of consolidation on multiplephysical servers so that their throughput never falls below adesired/predefined utilization level. We use our empiricalresults to model consolidation as a classic two-dimensionalbin packing problem and then design a computationallyefficient greedy algorithm to achieve minimum throughputdegradation on multiple servers. Results are very promisingand show that our greedy approach is able to achieve nearoptimal solutions in all experimented cases.
Activation of p53-p21 Pathway in Response to Disruption of Cell-Matrix Interactions (1997)

The proliferation of most cells is strictly dependent on cell-matrix interactions, a phenomenon called anchorage dependence. Because tumor cells often are independent of this regulation, it is important to characterize the molecular pathways that control cellular proliferation after detachment of cells from their matrix. In this report, we investigated a possible role of p53 and one of its target genes, p21(waf1/cip1), as components of anchorage-dependent cell growth control. We found that p53 protein is rapidly activated upon the disruption of cellular attachment. This led to p21 transcriptional activation via two p53-binding sites in its promoter. Elevated p21 protein levels blocked transcription and activity of the cell cycle-regulator cyclin A, and cells became arrested in G1 of the cell cycle. Under the same conditions, fibroblasts from p53 knock-out mice did not activate p21 and did not down-regulate cyclin A expression but rather induced another cell cycle inhibitor, p27. Thus, our results characterize a chain of events, starting from the activation of p53 and proceeding via p21 to cyclin A, that is activated in response to the loss of cellular adherence. This p53-regulated pathway may constitute one of a few redundant systems to ensure proper cell control in multicellular organisms.
Polymorphisms of GSTT1 and related genes in head and neck cancer risk (2003)

In this population, the presence of GSTT1 gene was associated with a significant increase in the risk of HNSCC. This association was particularly robust in women.
Efficient synthesis of N-substituted 1,3-thiazin-2-ones containing sulfonamide (2021)

Thiazinones containing sulfonamides are experiencing increased interest due to their importance in the design and development of new molecules of potential pharmaceutical interest. The synthesis of a series of new Nsubstituted 2H-1,3-thiazin-2-ones containing sulfonamide is described. The compounds were synthesized in good yields in a one-pot reaction starting from commercially available chlorosulfonyl isocyanate (CSI), 3chloro-1-propanethiol, and various primary and secondary aliphatic, aromatic or heteroaromatic amines. The structure of one of these compounds was established by X-ray crystallography. The compounds are being evaluated for their biological activity.
New insights about immune populations in gastrointestinal GvHD (2023)

Jarosch et al.<sup>1</sup> have deeply characterized immune cell infiltrates in gastrointestinal (GI) biopsies from individuals with GI graft-versus-host disease (GI-GvHD) using single-cell RNA sequencing and ChipCytometry. Individuals with severe GI-GvHD demonstrated increased clonally expanded cytotoxic CD8 T cells in GI biopsies.
Universal Coupling Agent for Carbon Black and Silica (2019)

A pyrrole compound such as 2-(2,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)-1,3-propanediol (serinol pyrrole,&#13;\nSP) forms stable adducts with carbon black and with silica. Hence, a pyrrole compound such as&#13;\nserinol pyrrole is able to functionalize both carbon black and silica. Preparation of the adducts was&#13;\nperformed through a simple and sustainable method: SP and the filler were mixed and heated. A&#13;\nsolvent (acetone) was used only to allow an easy mixing at the lab scale. Catalysts were not&#13;\ninvolved. The synthesis of SP and the functionalization reactions are characterized by high yield&#13;\nand high atom efficiency.&#13;\nThe CB-SP adduct was used in a composite based on IR/BR and CB/Silica, in place of a minor&#13;\namount of CB. It did not have effect on the vulcanization behavior and promoted lower Payne&#13;\neffect, with the crossover of the G’ vs strain curves.&#13;\nThe silica-SP adduct was used in a composite based on S-SBR and NR and silica as the only filler:&#13;\nsilica, silica-TESPT and silica-SP systems were compared. The silica-SP system gave faster&#13;\nvulcanization and lower hysteresis. The silica-TESPT system gave the best tensile properties.&#13;\nResults here reported, though preliminary, indicate that a pyrrole compound such as serinol&#13;\npyrrole is able to promote a strong interaction and a chemical linkage between the filler, either&#13;\ncarbon black or silica, and the rubber compound. To our knowledge, it is for the first time reported&#13;\nthe ability of the same chemical (family of chemicals) to behave as coupling agent with the rubber&#13;\nmatrix for both carbon black and silica.
Mini-Review: Nod Factor Regulation of Phytohormone Signaling and Homeostasis During Rhizobia-Legume Symbiosis (2018)

The rhizobia-legume symbiosis is a mutualistic association in which bacteria provide plants with nitrogen compounds and the plant provides bacteria with carbon sources. A successful symbiotic interaction relies on a molecular dialog between the plant and the bacteria, and generally involves rhizobial lipo-chitooligosaccharide signals called Nod factors (NFs). In most cases, specific NF perception is required for rhizobia to enter root cells through newly formed intracellular structures called infection threads (ITs). Concomitantly to IT formation in root hairs, root cortical cells start to divide to create a new root organ called the nodule, which will provide the bacteria with a specific micro-environment required for symbiotic nitrogen fixation. During all these steps of plant-bacteria interaction, new plant cellular compartments and developmental programs are activated. This interaction is costly for the plant that tightly controls symbiosis establishment and functioning. Phytohormones are key regulators of cellular and developmental plasticity in plants, and they are influential endogenous signals that rapidly control plant responses. Although early symbiotic responses were known for decades to be linked to phytohormone-related responses, new data reveal the molecular mechanisms involved and links between phytohormones and the control of early symbiotic events. Reciprocally, NF signaling also targets phytohormone signaling pathways. In this review, we will focus on the emerging notion of NF and phytohormone signaling crosstalk, and how it could contribute to the tight control of symbiosis establishment in legume host plants.
Sensory Reactions of Nasal Pungency and Odor to Volatile Organic Compounds: The Alkylbenzenes (1994)

Research assessed the independent contribution of the trigeminal and olfactory nerves to the detection of airborne chemicals by measuring nasal detection thresholds in subjects clinically diagnosed as lacking a functional sense of smell (anosmics) and in matched normal controls (normosmics). Anosmics can provide only odor-unbiased pungency thresholds. Normosmics provided odor thresholds. Stimuli included homologous alkylbenzenes (from toluene to octylbenzene), chlorobenzene, 1-octene, and 1-octyne. As seen before with homologous alcohols, acetates, and ketones, both types of threshold declined with increasing carbon chain length. Anosmics failed to detect alkylbenzenes above propylbenzene. The strong linear correlation between pungency thresholds and saturated vapor concentration for all tested compounds, as a whole, and the constancy of pungency thresholds expressed as percent of vapor saturation, suggests that nasal pungency from these substances relies heavily on a broadly tuned physicochemical interaction with a susceptible biophase within the cell membrane. Through such a nonspecific mechanism, low, subthreshold levels of a wide variety of volatile organic compounds of low reactivity-as found in many polluted indoor spaces-could add their sensory impact to precipitate noticeable sensory irritation.
“Discreet Masc”: Non-Heterosexual Male Identities in Urban and Rural New Hampshire (2019)

Many subcultural identities exist within male culture. Identities may vary by geographical location, and further intersectional research is needed in the fields of gender and sexuality as they relate to location. By examining a sample of 600 social networking app profiles, the present study establishes that experiences of masculinity vary significantly for non-heterosexual men based on their urban or rural setting. Men in rural locations are more inclined to assume traditionally masculine identities, and as such, a claim to an inconspicuous and heteronormative position in the masculinity hierarchy. Even so, “discreet and masculine” men must find ways to connect to others within the non-heterosexual male community for friendship, sexual companionship, romantic relationships, and mentorship. Regional social expectations play a major role in shaping and perpetuating varying masculinities, and non-heterosexual men in rural New Hampshire utilize social networking apps to project their own versions of masculinity while searching for others with whom to connect.