gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular Characterization of Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Clinical Isolates in the United States, 2004 to 2010 (2013)

While much is known about the geographic distribution of different clonal types of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), few studies have assessed the molecular epidemiology of methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA), despite its continued clinical importance. In each U.S. Census region, reference laboratories collected successive MSSA isolates from patients with invasive or superficial staphylococcal infections for use in the Tigecycline Evaluation and Surveillance Trial. All isolates from the periods of 2004 to 2005 and 2009 to 2010 underwent antimicrobial susceptibility testing and characterization of their staphylococcal protein A (spa) type. Of the 708 isolates analyzed, 274 spa types were identified and divided into 15 genetic clusters. The most common clones were spa t002 (n = 63, 8.9%) and t008 (n = 56, 7.9%). While the distribution of the predominant spa types did not differ by U.S. Census region or time period, spa t008 was nearly twice as common in community skin and soft tissue infections than in nosocomial bloodstream infections (11.1% versus 5.6%, respectively; P = 0.008). Despite such differences, both community and nosocomial settings had diverse staphylococcal clonal types representing all major spa clusters. In contrast to those of MRSA, MSSA infectious isolates show wide genetic diversity without clear geographical or temporal clustering. Notably, the prevalent MSSA strains (spa t002 and spa t008) are analogous to the predominant MRSA clones, further demonstrating the importance of both lineages.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Following Spine Trauma (2015)

Kurd, Mark F. MD1; Alijanipour, Pouya MD1,a; Schroeder, Gregory D. MD1; Millhouse, Paul W. MD1; Vaccaro, Alexander MD, PhD1 Author Information
Kv3.3b: a novel Shaw type potassium channel expressed in terminally differentiated cerebellar Purkinje cells and deep cerebellar nuclei (1994)

A two-step hybridization/subtraction procedure was employed to isolate markers for the later stages of Purkinje cell differentiation. From this screen, a novel Shaw potassium channel cDNA (Kv3.3b) was identified that is developmentally regulated. Expression of this channel is highly enriched in the brain, particularly in the cerebellum, where its expression is confined to Purkinje cells and deep cerebellar nuclei. Sequence analysis revealed that it is an alternatively spliced form of the mouse Kv3.3 gene, and that the previously reported Kv3.3 mRNA (Ghanshani et al., 1992) is not expressed in cerebellum. Expression of the Kv3.3b mRNA begins in cerebellar Purkinje cells between postnatal day 8 (P8) and P10 and continues through adulthood, coinciding with elaboration of the mature Purkinje cell dendritic arbor. The timing of expression of Kv3.3b mRNA is maintained in mixed, dissociated primary cerebellar cell culture. These results suggest that the Kv3.3b K+ channel function is restricted to terminally differentiated Purkinje cells, and that analysis of the mechanisms governing its expression in vivo and in vitro can reveal molecular mechanisms governing Purkinje cell differentiation.
5G-ENSURE - D2.1 Use Cases (2016)

This document describes a number of use cases illustrating security and privacy aspects of 5G networks. Based on similarities in technical, service and/or business-model related aspects, the use cases are grouped into use case clusters covering a wide variety of deployments including, for example, the Internet of Things, Software Defined Networks and virtualization, ultra-reliable and standalone operations. The use cases address security and privacy enhancements of current networks as well as security and privacy functionality needed by new 5G features. Each use case is described in a common format where actors, assumptions and a sequence of steps characterising the use case are presented together with a short analysis of the security challenges and the properties of a security solution. Each use case cluster description is concluded with a “5G Vision” outlining the associated enhancements in security and privacy anticipated in 5G networks and systems. A summary of the 5G visions and conclusions are provided at the end of the document.
An investigation on the enhancement of the critical current densities in bronze-processed Nb/sub 3/Sn (1982)

This study addressed the problem of enhancing the critical current characteristic of a commercial bronze-processed multifilamentary strand of nb/sub 3/Sn by varying its heat treatment. The work proceeds from the premise that the critical current characteristic is controlled by the metallurgical state of the reacted layer, which is, in turn, fixed by the processing which the wire has undergone. The wire used here was manufactured by Airco; a list of its specifications is given. The experimental procedure is provided, and the results discussed include the relationship between aging temperature, microstructure, and J /SUB c/ s(H), and the development of an improved aging treatment. It is concluded that J /SUB c/ (H) is largely controlled by 3 metallurgical parameters: 1) the volume of the fine-grained central shell within the reacted A15 layer; 2) the A15 grain size within the fine-grained shell; and 3) the composition profile through the reacted layer. Plots and tables are provied.
The Fluorination of Boron‐Doped Graphene for CFx Cathode with Ultrahigh Energy Density (2022)

The enhancement of the fluorination degree of carbon fluorides (CF x ) compounds is the most effective method to improve the energy densities of Li/CF x batteries because the specific capacity of CF x is proportional to the molar ratio of F to C atoms (F/C). In this study, B‐doped graphene (BG) is prepared by using boric acid as the doping source and then the prepared BG is utilized as the starting material for the preparation of CF x . The B‐doping enhances the F/C ratio of CF x without hindering the electrochemical activity of the C–F bond. During the fluorination process, B‐containing functional groups are removed from the graphene lattice. This facilitates the formation of a defect‐rich graphene matrix, which not only enhances the F/C ratio due to abundant perfluorinated groups at the defective edges but also serves as the active site for extra Li + storage. The prepared CF x exhibits the maximum specific capacity of 1204 mAh g −1 , which is 39.2% higher than that of CF x obtained directly from graphene oxide (without B‐doping). An unprecedented energy density of 2974 Wh kg −1 is achieved for the as‐prepared CF x samples, which is significantly higher than the theoretically calculated energy density of commercially available fluorinated graphite (2180 Wh kg −1 ). Therefore, this study demonstrates a great potential of B‐doping to realize the ultrahigh energy density of CF x cathodes for practical applications.
Switching MPEG 2 (1995)

This paper is about MPEG2 programme switching. It does not consider multiplexing of components to make a programme, but multiplexing programmes to make bouquets of programmes. Another word for switching may be remultiplexing which includes demultiplexing and multiplexing of MPEG2 programmes. An MPEG2 switch may therefore be called a remultiplexer. A remultiplexer may be considered as a second stage multiplexer with a single output (multiplexing programmes after multiplexing components); it may also be a complete MPEG2 switch with several inputs and several outputs. Why is it necessary to switch MPEG2 programmes, in which applications, what are the functions ensured by a remultiplexer, and what are the problems to be solved ? These are the questions we try to answer in this paper.
Experimental Research of Batch Co-Anaerobic Fermentation under Constant Temperature of Mixed Biomass (2014)

To study the influence of batch anaerobic fermentation under constant temperature of mixed biomass (cow dung and wheat straw) and make sure the optimum mixing ratio, the experiment which mixed cow dung and wheat straw in batch anaerobic fermentation was under CO2. Contrastive analysis the experimental results which shows that the single material of cow dung was superior to the other three groups in the incipient stage, however, co-digestion was just a way which have a cost effective and environmental protection, and needed a reasonable co-digestion ratio of cow dung and wheat straw could increase the biogas production rate and utilization of crop straw. These experimental results were great of instruction for mixed materials anaerobic fermentation under the thermostatic condition.
Optical Control of Ferroelectric Domains: Nanoscale Insight into Macroscopic Observations (2019)

Abstract Domain wall nanoelectronics constitutes a potential paradigm shift for next‐generation energy conversion and von‐Neumann devices. In this context, attempts have been made to achieve energy‐efficient control over ferromagnetic, ferroelectric, and ferroelastic domain walls through electric and magnetic fields or applied stress. However, optical control of ferroic domains offers an additional degree of freedom and significant advantages of reduced hysteresis and Joule heating losses, creating novel opportunities in the regime of nanoelectronics and photonics. Herein, the reversible optical control of ferroelectric domains and domain walls in a novel band‐gap‐engineered lead‐free ferroelectric ceramic ((K 0.5 Na 0.5 )NbO 3 –2 mol% Ba(Ni 0.5 Nb 0.5 )O 3− δ ) is demonstrated. The optical poling behaves similar to electrical poling and is governed by the bulk ferroelectric photovoltaic effect. The light‐generated charge carriers are transported toward domain walls or electrodes due to a nonzero field in the samples. This causes a change in internal electric field influencing the nanoscale state of polarization, which could also be interesting for other ferroelectrics if the voltage generated by light is in the range of the switching voltages. This work establishes a relationship between light‐induced macroscopic observations and nanoscale changes in the ferroelectric response, providing fundamental insight and facilitating research into ferroelectric photovoltaics and optoelectronics.
Epidermal culture and grafting. A brief review (1993)

In summary, technological advances in culturing epidermis for the purpose of grafting allow this approach in the treatment of cutaneous wounds. Certainly, full- and split-thickness autografts offer immediate availability and permanent wound coverage, but they also involve a large, painful donor site. Cultured epidermal autografts can provide permanent wound coverage, but the delay required for cultivation of confluent sheets of keratinocytes makes them somewhat less desirable. Both allografts and cultured allografts, on the other hand, are available for immediate use, but the possibility of infectious disease transmission may be a concern. In any case, all types of skin grafts function as biological dressings that promote the proliferation of the host's epidermis and, thus, facilitate the ability of the patient's skin to repair itself.
Growth Hormone Binding Protein 2001 (2001)

The present state of knowledge about growth hormone binding proteins (GHBP) is reviewed, with particular emphasis on the high affinity GHBP, which represents the circulating ectodomain of the growth hormone receptor (GHR). GHBP is conserved through vertebrate evolution, is produced in many tissues (especially liver) by either alternative GHR mRNA splicing (rodents) or by proteolytic cleavage from the GHR (humans, rabbits and several other species). The metalloprotease TACE (tumor necrosis factor-alpha converting enzyme) is the likely enzyme responsible for cleavage, but the structural requirements for TACE recognition or catalysis, and hence the precise cleavage point in the GHR, are unknown. GHBP is widely distributed in biological fluids, with marked concentration differences amongst them. GHBP binds about half of the circulating GH under basal conditions but is easily saturated at high GH levels; it subserves complex functions, including a circulating buffer/reservoir function for GH, prolongation of plasma GH half-life, competition with GHRs for GH, and probably unproductive heterodimer formation with the GHR. The net effect of these partly enhancing and partly inhibitory functions on GH action in vivo is complex and difficult to ascertain. Serum GHBP levels roughly parallel GHR expression (particularly in liver) through the life span, with very low levels in fetal life, upregulation to adult levels during childhood, and decline in senescence. Rodent pregnancy is associated with a massive increase in GHBP expression. Although the regulation of GHBP expression/production is not necessarily tightly linked to GHR expression, in general, low GHBP levels occur in conditions associated with GH resistance (e.g., malnutrition, uncontrolled diabetes, catabolic states, renal failure, hypothyroidism). Conversely, obesity, a condition with enhanced GH responsivity, is associated with elevated GHBP levels. This suggests that in many (but not all) instances of abnormal GH action, the GHBP level reflects GHR status. Laron syndrome (genetic GHR deficiency/dysfunction due to mutations in the GHR gene) is associated with low or undetectable GHBP in 75-80% of patients; GHBP measurement can therefore be used diagnostically. Depending on the design of assays for serum GH, endogenous GHBP may interfere to varying degrees, and GH assays should be individually validated and optimized in this regard. The ultimate biological role and physiological significance of the GHBP remain to be established.
Automated Optimal Design of Switched-Capacitor Filters (2002)

We present a method for automated design of CMOS switched-capacitor filters (SCFs) from user defined top-level specifications to component sizes and physical layout. In other words, we present a complete top-down design flow for SCFs. The method is based on careful analysis and modeling of the SCF using analog circuit design and system engineering expertise, formulating design constraints in a special convex form, and numerical optimization (geometric programming).
Weighted Neighbor Joining: A Likelihood-Based Approach to Distance-Based Phylogeny Reconstruction (2000)

We introduce a distance-based phylogeny reconstruction method called "weighted neighbor joining," or "Weighbor" for short. As in neighbor joining, two taxa are joined in each iteration; however, the Weighbor criterion for choosing a pair of taxa to join takes into account that errors in distance estimates are exponentially larger for longer distances. The criterion embodies a likelihood function on the distances, which are modeled as correlated Gaussian random variables with different means and variances, computed under a probabilistic model for sequence evolution. The Weighbor criterion consists of two terms, an additivity term and a positivity term, that quantify the implications of joining the pair. The first term evaluates deviations from additivity of the implied external branches, while the second term evaluates confidence that the implied internal branch has a positive branch length. Compared with maximum-likelihood phylogeny reconstruction, Weighbor is much faster, while building trees that are qualitatively and quantitatively similar. Weighbor appears to be relatively immune to the "long branches attract" and "long branch distracts" drawbacks observed with neighbor joining, BIONJ, and parsimony.
Magnetization-DependentTcShift in Ferromagnet/Superconductor/Ferromagnet Trilayers with a Strong Ferromagnet (2006)

We have measured the superconducting transition temperature Tc of Ni/Nb/Ni trilayers when the magnetizations of the two outer Ni layers are parallel (P) and antiparallel (AP). The largest difference in occurs when the Nb thickness is just above the critical thickness at which superconductivity disappears completely. We have observed a difference in Tc between the P and AP states as large as 41 mK--a significant increase over earlier results in samples with higher Tc and with a CuNi alloy in place of the Ni. Our result also demonstrates that strong elemental ferromagnets are promising candidates for future investigations of ferromagnet/superconductor heterostructures.
Application of a TTI‐based Distribution Management System for Quality Optimization of Frozen Vegetables at the Consumer End (2003)

ABSTRACT The applicability of Time Temperature Integrators (TTI) for frozen chain management was assessed. Shelf life kinetics indices of frozen green peas and white mushrooms and response kinetics of suitable enzymatic TTI were used to confirm the monitoring effectiveness of TTI, in a controlled field test with 200 products. Comparison to actual measurements of quality indices showed that TTI response provides a reliable indication of the relative quality status of the products. The potential of Least Shelf‐Life First Out (LSFO) system, a TTI based management system for frozen product distribution and stock rotation, was demonstrated by Monte Carlo technique that showed consistent, acceptable quality and minimization of rejected products at the consumer end.
Student Goals and the Undergraduate Curriculum (1979)

A large group of psychology majors (especially the very able ones) express a discrepancy between student goals and curriculum offerings.
Dual task effect on postural control in patients with degenerative cerebellar disorders (2015)

Dual task conditions had a larger impact on sway parameters in patients with chronic cerebellar disorders than in healthy controls and lead to an increased risk of falls. As performing two tasks simultaneously is common and therefore important in daily life dual task exercises should be part of physical therapy programs for cerebellar patients.
Association of UBE3C Variants with Reduced Kidney Function in Patients with Diabetic Kidney Disease (2020)

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and the most common variant of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) globally. The economic burden of ESRD treatment with dialysis is substantial. The incidence and prevalence of ESRD in Taiwan remain the highest worldwide. Therefore, identifying genetic factors affecting kidney function would have valuable clinical implications. We performed microarray experiments and identified that ubiquitin protein ligase E3C (<i>UBE3C</i>) is differentially expressed in two DKD patient groups with extreme (low and high) urine protein-to-creatinine ratios. A follow-up genotyping study was performed in a larger group to investigate any specific variants of <i>UBE3C</i> associated with DKD. A total of 263 patients were included in the study, comprising 172 patients with DKD and 91 control subjects (patients with DM without chronic kidney disease (CKD)). Two <i>UBE3C</i> variants (rs3802129(AA) and rs7807(CC)) were determined to be associated with reduced kidney function. The haplotype analysis revealed that rs3802129/rs3815217 (block 1) with A/G haplotype and rs8101/rs7807 (block 2) with T/C haplotype were associated with higher risks of CKD phenotypes. These findings suggest a clinical role of <i>UBE3C</i> variants in DKD risk.
The Interaction of Amides with Amines: A General Method of Acylation1 (1943)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Interaction of Amides with Amines: A General Method of Acylation1Alexander Galat and Gertrude ElionCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1943, 65, 8, 1566–1567Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1943Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1943https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01248a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01248a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views615Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Cascade of Unsupervised and Supervised Neural Networks for Natural Image Classification (2006)

This paper presents an architecture well suited for natural image classification or visual object recognition applications. The image content is described by a distribution of local prototype features obtained by projecting local signatures on a self-organizing map. The local signatures describe singularities around interest points detected by a wavelet-based salient points detector. Finally, images are classified by using a multilayer perceptron receiving local prototypes distribution as input. This architecture obtains good results both in terms of global classification rates and computing times on different well known datasets.
<title>Roughness and scattering measurements on thin films for UV/VIS applications</title> (1994)

An attempt is presented of a systematic experimental approach to the problem of scattering and roughness modification after deposition of an optical thin film. BK 7 substrates with different surface qualities have been coated with evaporated MgF<SUB>2</SUB>, LaF<SUB>3</SUB> and magnetron sputtered SiO<SUB>2</SUB> and Nb<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5</SUB> films as representatives of low index/high index columnar structured and structureless films, respectively. Investigations by total integrated scattering (TIS) and angle resolved scattering (ARS) at 633 nm and 325 nm as well as atomic forced microscopy (AFM) demonstrate the possibility of quite different effects of scattering and roughness modification to occur.
Renin-Angiotensin System Genetic Polymorphisms and Cerebral White Matter Lesions in Essential Hypertension (2002)

It has been reported that both the DD genotype of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene and the presence of cerebral white matter lesions (WML) may represent risk factors for the development of stroke. The present study investigates a possible association between 3 different genetic polymorphisms of the renin-angiotensin system and the presence of WML in 60 never-treated essential hypertensive patients (36 men, 24 women), aged 50 to 60 years, without clinical evidence of target organ damage. All patients underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging to establish the presence or absence of WML. The insertion/deletion (I/D) ACE gene, the M235T angiotensinogen (AGT) gene, and the A1166C angiotensin II type 1 receptor gene polymorphisms were determined by standard polymerase chain reaction. Twenty-five hypertensive patients (41.6%) were found to have WML on brain magnetic resonance imaging. No significant association between the M235T angiotensinogen or A1166C angiotensin II type 1 receptor genotypes and the presence of WML was found. However, the frequency of the DD genotype in patients with WML (64%) was significantly higher than that observed in patients without WML (28.6%; P=0.022). The DD genotype odds ratio for the presence of WML was 4.44 (95% confidence interval: 1.48 to 13.3). Likewise, the proportion of the D allele in patients with WML (74%) was significantly higher (P=0.014) than that observed in patients without WML (51.4%). We conclude that the presence of the DD genotype and/or the D allele of the ACE gene may be a predisposing factor for developing WML in essential hypertensive patients. However, because of the small sample size, these results require confirmation in a larger study.