gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fluorescence Kinetics of Protoporphyrin‐IX Induced from 5‐ALA Compounds in Rabbit Postballoon Injury Model for ALA‐Photoangioplasty (2008)

Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) is one of the photodynamically active substances that are endogenously synthesized in the metabolic pathway for heme as a precursor. Aminolevulinic acid-esters are more lipophilic than conventional 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and some of them are currently being approved as new drugs for photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) and photodynamic therapy (PDT). In order to investigate the pharmacokinetics of ALA and ALA-ethyl ester (ALA-ethyl) in the atheromatous plaque and normal aortic wall of rabbit postballoon injured artery, each 60 mg kg(-1) of ALA or ALA-ethyl was injected intravenously followed by serial detection of PpIX fluorescence of harvested arteries at 0-48 h post-injection. Maximum PpIX build-up in the atheromatous plaque was seen at 2 h after injecting ALA. In contrast, it occurred at 9 h after injecting ALA-ethyl. In addition, the selective build-up of ALA in the atheromatous plaque compared to normal vessel wall was much higher (10 times) than that of ALA-ethyl. The time of maximum fluorescence intensity of PpIX was employed as drug-light-interval for subsequent PDT treatment of the atheromatous plaque with 50-150 J cm(-1) of light dose. Significant reduction in plaque was observed without damage of the medial wall at both groups, but smooth muscle cell (SMC) was still present in the media region below the PDT-treated atheromatous plaque. In conclusion, ALA may be a more effective compound for endovascular PDT treatment of the atheromatous plaque compared with ALA-ethyl based on their pharmacokinetics, but further optimization of PDT methodology remains to remove completely residual SMC in the media for preventing potential restenosis.
High-density linkage map construction and QTL analysis for earliness-related traits in Gossypium hirsutum L (2016)

We developed an SNP-based genetic map, and this map is the first high-density genetic map for short-season cotton and has the potential to provide deeper insights into earliness. Cotton earliness-related QTLs and QTL coincidence regions will provide useful materials for QTL fine mapping, gene positional cloning and MAS. And the gene, EMF2, is promising for further study.
Small polarons in V2O5single crystal doped with WO3 (1985)

Electron spin resonance (ESR) and DC conductivity measurements show that the free and bound polarons model can be applied to WO3-doped V2O5. At low temperature, small polarons are trapped in the electrostatic field due to the W6+ impurity and conductivity only arises from the long-range hopping of bound polarons between localised defects. At high temperature, the small polaron is freed from its trap and a thermally activated hopping along vanadium ions is observed. ESR experiments show, however, that two bound polaron states occur: the first one, at very low temperature, when the electron is trapped on a single vanadium site adjacent to the W6+ ion; the second one, at higher temperature, when the unpaired electron still remains in the electrostatic field of the W6+ ion, but is allowed to jump among several non-equivalent sites surrounding the impurity.
"NeuroStem Chip": a novel highly specialized tool to study neural differentiation pathways in human stem cells (2007)

We characterized the gene expression profiles of undifferentiated and dopaminergic lineage-committed hESC-derived cells using a highly focused custom microarray platform (NeuroStem Chip) that can become an important research tool in human stem cell biology. We propose that the areas of application for NeuroStem microarray platform could be the following: (i) characterization of the expression of established, pre-selected gene targets in hSC lines, including newly derived ones, (ii) longitudinal quality control for maintained hSC populations, (iii) following gene expression changes during differentiation under defined cell culture conditions, and (iv) confirming the success of differentiation into specific neuronal subtypes.
Model for scattered field from a vertically extended target in a range-dependent ocean waveguide. (2008)

A model for the scattered field from a vertically extended target in a range-dependent ocean waveguide is developed by application of Green’s theorem. The model is implemented with the parabolic equation (PE) method for a vertically extended pressure-release cylinder, such as the BBN target. The local scattered field at the surface of the target is approximated by the sum of Hankel functions. The total scattered field is calculated using Kirchhoff’s integral approximation to Green’s theorem. Results of calculations for a Pekeris waveguide show good agreement with the Ingenito normal-mode-based model for target scattering in a waveguide. A limitation with the Ingenito scattering model is that the target has to be located within an isospeed layer. The PE-based scattering model developed here, on the other hand, is able to take into account sound speed variations along the vertical extent of the target. We show that using the Ingenito model in a layered waveguide with the vertically extended target can lead to inaccuracies in estimating the scattered field. Illustrative examples are also provided for range-dependent environments.
EFFECT OF PLANTING DATE, NITROGEN RATE, AND HYBRID ON SUNFLOWER (2012)

Sunflower is a potential crop for the southeastern United States for production of cooking oil or biodiesel. In 2007, we evaluated the effect of planting date (PD, 20 April, 20 May, and 20 June), nitrogen (N) application rate (0, 67, 134, and 202 kg ha−1), and hybrid (‘DKF3875’, ‘DKF2990’, ‘DKF3510’, and ‘DKF3901’) on sunflower productivity and oil profile in four Mississippi locations, Newton, Starkville, and two sites in Verona. There was a trend of increased oleic acid concentration with earlier planting dates, especially in hybrids with lower oleic acid concentration. Earlier planting dates of ‘DKF3901’ and ‘DKF2990’ (the hybrid with the lowest oleic acid) actually had 200 to 300 g kg−1 higher concentration of oleic acid when grown in Mississippi vs. the original seed of the same hybrids used for planting and produced at a more northern latitude. This and a recent study in Mississippi suggest that modern hybrids could provide ample yields even when the N fertilization is relatively low.
Gold‐Catalyzed Reactions of Cyclopropenes (2015)

Abstract Cyclopropenes have often been used as substrates in transition metal‐promoted or catalyzed reactions. Since the first reports in 2008, gold‐catalyzed reactions of cyclopropenes have rapidly evolved to an active research field. The observed reactivity is essentially related to the ability of cyclopropenes to undergo ring‐opening in the presence of gold(I) complexes and hence generate alkenyl gold carbenoids. These latter organogold species act as key reactive catalytic entities in a wide range of transformations including inter‐ or intramolecular nucleophilic additions of heteroatom or carbon nucleophiles, carbene‐type coupling reactions and olefin cyclopropanations. Additionally, cyclopropenes can also behave as π nucleophiles in gold‐catalyzed enyne cycloisomerizations wherein alkynes are preferentially activated by gold(I) complexes. A wide variety of acyclic and cyclic products can be produced by these gold‐catalyzed reactions of cyclopropenes and the different contributions as well as the theoretical studies in this field have been summarized in this chapter.
Bayesian inference and the world mind (2012)

Knowledge is a central concept within both Bayesian inference and the mathematical and philosophical program of logic and semiotics initiated by Charles Sanders Peirce and further developed by George Spencer-Brown and Louis Kauffman. The latter school is more philosophical than is usual with the practitioners of Bayesian inference and claims the existence of a world mind. When these two disciplines inform each other semiotics is provided with mathematical mechanism and Bayesian inference is seen to be closely related to the act of distinction, the fundamental basis of logic in the work of Spencer-Brown. This hybridization also suggests a definition for knowledge within Bayesian inference; a definition that has been curiously lacking. Given that Darwinian processes are physical implementations of Bayesian inference and are utilized within numerous scientific theories across a wide range of disciplines as mechanisms for the creation and evolution of knowledge we may view the conjunction of these theories, within universal Darwinism, as descriptive of a world mind. Placing the world mind in this context provides detailed support from the scientific literature and goes some way to refute the charges of mysticism which have been leveled at the semiotic approach.
Phenotyping Circadian Rhythms in Mice (2015)

Abstract Circadian rhythms take place with a periodicity of 24 hr, temporally following the rotation of the earth around its axis. Examples of circadian rhythms are the sleep/wake cycle, feeding, and hormone secretion. Light powerfully entrains the mammalian clock and assists in keeping animals synchronized to the 24‐hour cycle of the earth by activating specific neurons in the “central pacemaker” of the brain, the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Absolute periodicity of an animal can deviate slightly from 24 hr as manifest when an animal is placed into constant dark or “free‐running” conditions. Simple measurements of an organism's activity in free‐running conditions reveal its intrinsic circadian period. Mice are a particularly useful model for studying circadian rhythmicity due to the ease of genetic manipulation, thus identifying molecular contributors to rhythmicity. Furthermore, their small size allows for monitoring locomotion or activity in their homecage environment with relative ease. Several tasks commonly used to analyze circadian periodicity and plasticity in mice are presented here including the process of entrainment, determination of tau (period length) in free‐running conditions, determination of circadian periodicity in response to light disruption (e.g., jet lag studies), and evaluation of clock plasticity in non‐24‐hour conditions (T‐cycles). Studying the properties of circadian periods such as their phase, amplitude, and length in response to photic perturbation, can be particularly useful in understanding how humans respond to jet lag, night shifts, rotating shifts, or other transient or chronic disruption of environmental surroundings. © 2015 by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
MOBIS-COVID19/04: Results as of 27/04/2020 (2020)

On March 16, 2020, 3700 participants who completed the MOBIS study between September 2019 and January 2020 were invited to reinstall the GPS Logger and Travel Diary App ‘Catch-My-Day’, developed by MotionTag, to record their mobility behaviour during the period of special measures implemented to control the spread of the Corona Virus. The first 4 weeks of mobility data from the original MOBIS Study is taken for each participant as a baseline against which to compare current mobility patterns. These 4 weeks start place anywhere between 1st September and 15th November, depending on the participant. Only trips in Switzerland are currently considered, although data on cross border travel is available.
Principles of Structural Control on Permeability and Fluid Flow in Hydrothermal Systems (2001)

Fluid pathways between metal sources and sites of ore deposition in hydrothermal systems are governed by fluid pressure gradients, buoyancy effects, and the permeability distribution. Structural controls on ore formation in many epigenetic systems derive largely from the role that deformation processes and fluid pressures play in generating and maintaining permeability within active faults, shear zones, associated fracture networks, and various other structures at all crustal levels.In hydrothermal systems with low intergranular porosity, pore connectivity is low, and fluid flow is typically controlled by fracture permeability. Deformation-induced fractures develop on scales from microns to greater than hundreds of meters. Because mineral sealing of fractures can be rapid relative to the lifetimes of hydrothermal systems, sustained fluid flow occurs only in active structures where permeability is repeatedly renewed.In the brittle upper crust, deformation-induced permeability is associated with macroscopic fracture arrays and damage products produced in episodically slipping (seismogenic) and aseismically creeping faults, growing folds, and related structures. In the more ductile mid- to lower crust, permeability enhancement is associated with grain-scale dilatancy (especially in active shear zones), as well as with macroscopic hydraulic fracture arrays. Below the seismic–aseismic transition, steady state creep leads to steady state permeability and continuous fluid flow in actively deforming structures. In contrast, in the seismogenic regime, large cyclic changes in permeability lead to episodic fluid flow in faults and associated fractures.The geometry and distribution of fracture permeability is controlled fundamentally by stress and fluid pressure states, but may also be influenced by preexisting mechanical anisotropies in the rock mass. Fracture growth is favored in high pore fluid factor regimes, which develop especially where fluids discharge from faults or shear zones beneath low-permeability flow barriers. Flow localization within faults and shear zones occurs in areas of highest fracture aperture and fracture density, such as damage zones associated with fault jogs, bends, and splays. Positive feedback between deformation, fluid flow, and fluid pressure promotes fluid-driven growth of hydraulically linked networks of faults, fractures, and shear zones.Evolution of fluid pathways on scales linking fluid reservoirs and ore deposits is influenced by the relative proportions of backbone, dangling, and isolated structures in the network. Modeling of the growth of networks indicates that fracture systems reach the percolation threshold at low bulk strains. Just above the percolation threshold, flow is concentrated along a small proportion of the total fracture population, and favors localized ore deposition. At higher strains, flow is distributed more widely throughout the fracture population and, accordingly, the potential for localized, high-grade ore deposition may be reduced.
Modulation of the BRCA1 Protein and Induction of Apoptosis in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cell Lines by the Polyphenolic Compound Curcumin (2009)

In the current study, we sought to examine the effects of curcumin in a specific type of breast cancer called triple negative breast cancer. These cancers lack expression of the estrogen and progesterone receptors and do not over-express HER2. Current treatment for triple negative breast cancers is limited to cytotoxic chemotherapy, and upon relapse, there are not any therapies currently available. We demonstrate here that the bioactive food compound curcumin induces DNA damage in triple negative breast cancer cells in association with phosphorylation, increased expression, and cytoplasmic retention of the BRCA1 protein. In addition, curcumin promotes apoptosis and prevents anchorage-independent growth and migration of triple negative breast cancer cells. Apoptosis and BRCA1 modulation were not observed in non-transformed mammary epithelial cells, suggesting curcumin may have limited non-specific toxicity. This study suggests that curcumin and potentially curcumin analogues should be tested further in the context of triple negative breast cancer. These results are novel, having never been previously reported, and suggest that curcumin could provide a novel, non-toxic therapy, which could lead to improved survival for patients with triple negative breast cancer. Curcumin should be studied further in this subset of breast cancer patients, for whom treatment options are severely limited.
Carbon nanotube composites with high dielectric constant at low percolation threshold (2005)

In this letter, the dielectric properties of the untreated multiwall carbon-nanotubes∕poly(vinylidene fluoride) (MWNT∕PVDF) composites are studied. Towards low frequencies, the dielectric constant of a composite with about 2.0vol% of MWNT increases rapidly and the value of the dielectric constant is as high as 300. However, by a calculation, the percolation threshold of the MWNT∕PVDF composites is only 1.61vol% (0.0161 volume fraction) of MWNT. Both the large aspect ratio and the high conductivity of the MWNT may lead to the low percolation threshold of the MWNT∕PVDF composites. For the percolation composite, the dielectric loss value is always less than 0.4, irrespective of the frequency. Therefore, the experimental results suggest that the dielectric properties of MWNT∕PVDF composites may be improved significantly without the chemical functionalization to carbon nanotubes.
Handling identifies as internal symbols in language processors (1959)

Substitution of computer-oriented symbols for programmer-oriented symbols in language processors is examined and a feasible method for doing so is presented.
Familial IgA Nephropathy (1985)

The evaluation of familial glomerulonephritis in patients with IgA nephropathy who were from central and eastern Kentucky resulted in the discovery of potentially related pedigrees containing 14 patients. An additional 17 members of the pedigrees had clinical glomerulonephritis, and 6 had "chronic nephritis" noted on their death certificates. Six patients with IgA nephropathy had a common ancestor. In addition, both parents of six patients with the disease came from families with other cases of IgA nephropathy. No single HLA haplotype or antigen was found in all the patients with IgA nephropathy. Our data on these pedigrees strongly support an inherited mechanism in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy in some patients.
High-Throughput Heterogeneous Integration of Diverse Nanomaterials on a Single Chip for Sensing Applications (2014)

There is a large variety of nanomaterials each with unique electronic, optical and sensing properties. However, there is currently no paradigm for integration of different nanomaterials on a single chip in a low-cost high-throughput manner. We present a high throughput integration approach based on spatially controlled dielectrophoresis executed sequentially for each nanomaterial type to realize a scalable array of individually addressable assemblies of graphene, carbon nanotubes, metal oxide nanowires and conductive polymers on a single chip. This is a first time where such a diversity of nanomaterials has been assembled on the same layer in a single chip. The resolution of assembly can range from mesoscale to microscale and is limited only by the size and spacing of the underlying electrodes on chip used for assembly. While many applications are possible, the utility of such an array is demonstrated with an example application of a chemical sensor array for detection of volatile organic compounds below parts-per-million sensitivity.
High Resolution Electron Beam Fabrication Using STEM (1978)

Recent work on electron beam lithography has centered on improving overlay precision, reducing cost per exposure and perfecting electron resists and processes for the fabrication of silicon integrated circuits. These efforts have produced experimental integrated circuits with higher density than had previously been possible, and have led to cost reductions in manufacturing environments where quick turn-around is essential. High resolution (linewidths &lt; 0.25 /jm) has not been of direct interest although its pursuit has given information about electron scattering effects which influence resist profiles and give rise to proximity effects. Both of these effects can still be important at larger dimensions particularly when linewidth control is of primary importance. In the last two years, new interest in high resolution has arisen because it has become possible to make useful structures with dimensions of a few tens of nanometers. These nanostructures can be handled readily and it is possible to make electrical contact to them. They are of interest in exploring the physical nature of electrical conductivity especially in superconducting structures exhibiting Josephson effects. It should also be possible to use similar techniques to make optical elements for soft x-rays such as zone plates and pinholes.
Fully Automatic Needle Calibration for Robotic-Assisted Puncture on Small Animals (2007)

In vision-based medical applications involving tools attached to a robotic arm, it is essential to be able to accurately localize these tools in the robot end-effector frame. Indeed, inaccurate tool-calibration has a direct impact on the accuracy of the task. In this paper, we introduce a versatile and robust calibration technique to estimate the relative position between the robot end-effector and a needle, independently of the needle length and thickness. Firstly, we propose a new method to calibrate the needle pose using a virtual frame created from pre-defined needle motions. Secondly, we compare the obtained results to a gold standard and show that the proposed calibration method provides an error within 0.35 mm.
Safety of Ozanimod Versus Interferon β-1a in Two Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel-Group, Active-Controlled, Double-Dummy Phase 3 Studies in Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis (SUNBEAM and RADIANCE Part B) (S36.006) (2018)

Compare safety of ozanimod versus once-weekly, intramuscular interferon (IFN) β-1a in relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS) patients by reporting safety results from two similarly designed phase 3 RMS studies, SUNBEAM (NCT02294058) and RADIANCE Part B (NCT02047734).
On Mean Estimation for General Norms with Statistical Queries. (2019)

We study the problem of mean estimation for high-dimensional distributions, assuming access to a statistical query oracle for the distribution. For a normed space $X = (\mathbb{R}^d, \|\cdot\|_X)$ and a distribution supported on vectors $x \in \mathbb{R}^d$ with $\|x\|_{X} \leq 1$, the task is to output an estimate $\hat{\mu} \in \mathbb{R}^d$ which is $\epsilon$-close in the distance induced by $\|\cdot\|_X$ to the true mean of the distribution. We obtain sharp upper and lower bounds for the statistical query complexity of this problem when the the underlying norm is symmetric as well as for Schatten-$p$ norms, answering two questions raised by Feldman, Guzman, and Vempala (SODA 2017).
Efficient Computation of Relative Pose for Multi-camera Systems (2014)

We present a novel solution to compute the relative pose of a generalized camera. Existing solutions are either not general, have too high computational complexity, or require too many correspondences, which impedes an efficient or accurate usage within Ransac schemes. We factorize the problem as a low-dimensional, iterative optimization over relative rotation only, directly derived from well-known epipolar constraints. Common generalized cameras often consist of camera clusters, and give rise to omni-directional landmark observations. We prove that our iterative scheme performs well in such practically relevant situations, eventually resulting in computational efficiency similar to linear solvers, and accuracy close to bundle adjustment, while using less correspondences. Experiments on both virtual and real multi-camera systems prove superior overall performance for robust, real-time multi-camera motion-estimation.
Time-resolved experiments in the frequency domain using synchrotron radiation (invited) (1992)

PLASTIQUE is the only synchrotron radiation beam line in the world that performs time-resolved fluorescence experiments in frequency domain. These experiments are extremely valuable sources of information on the structure and the dynamics of molecules. This technique measures fluorescence lifetimes with picosecond resolution in the near UV spectral range. Such accurate measurements are rendered possible by taking phase and modulation data, and by the advantages of the cross-correlation technique. A successful experiment demonstrated the radiation damage induced by low doses of radiation on rabbit blood cell membranes.