gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ion beam sputter deposition of low-defect EUV mask blanks on 6-in. LTEM substrates in a real production environment (2002)

EUV mask blanks consist of two thin film systems deposited on low thermal expansion 6 inch substrates (LTEM). First there is the multilayer stack with around 100 alternating layers of elements with different optical properties which are topped by a capping layer. Beside optimal optical properties it is also necessary to improve the heat stability of the layer system. The absorber stack which consists of a buffer and an absorber layer is next. Here a minimum absorption of EUV light of 99 percent is required. The stress in both layer systems should be as low as possible. The reduction of defects to an absolute minimum is one of the main challenges. The high-reflective Mo/Si multilayer coatings were designed for normal incidence reflectivity and successfully deposited on 6-inch LTEM substrates by ion-beam sputtering. X-ray scattering, transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy were used for characterization of the multilayer interfaces and the surface morphology. The results are correlated to the measured normal incidence reflectivity using synchrotron radiation at the PTB reflectometer at BESSY II, Berlin, Germany.
The modulation of motor cortex excitability during motor imagery depends on imagery quality (2011)

Motor imagery (MI) increases corticomotor excitability and modulates intracortical inhibition. This study aimed to relate these neurophysiological mechanisms to imagery quality. Twenty-three healthy adults participated. First, the ability to vividly and accurately imagine performing a finger-to-thumb opposition task was evaluated by calculating a MI index (MII) based on psychological, behavioural and psychophysiological measurements. These scores were used to distinguish good from poor imagers. Transcranial magnetic stimulation was then used to assess modulation of corticomotor excitability, short-interval intracortical inhibition (sICI) and short-interval intracortical facilitation (sICF). Participants imagined abduction of their right thumb paced by a 1-Hz metronome. Single and paired magnetic stimuli were delivered at rest, while listening to the metronome, and during or between imagined movements. Corticomotor excitability was facilitated in the right opponens pollicis for good and poor imagers during MI, and this was positively correlated to the MII score. Poor imagers also facilitated corticomotor excitability of the right abductor digiti minimi, which was not involved in the movement. No interactions were found with sICI and sICF for good imagers, whereas poor imagers recruited intracortical facilitation while imagining. Accurate MI performance was characterised by muscle-specific temporal modulation of corticomotor excitability.
PERFLUOROCARBON ASSOCIATED GAS EXCHANGE (PAGE) IN GASTRIC ASPIRATION (1993)

Nesti, Frances D; Fuhrman, Bradley P; Papo, Michele C; Steinhorn, David M; Hernan, Lynn J; Leach, Corinne L; Holm, Bruce; Paczan, Pamela; Burak, Beverly Author Information
Anisotropic Ultrahigh Gain Emission Observed in Rotational Transitions in Optically Pumped HF Gas (1972)

Gain and laser oscillations are obtained on rotational transitions of the first excited vibrational state of HF gas at room temperature, resonantly pumped by the 2.7-μ lines of a pulsed HF laser. Pumping the P-branch transitions connecting the ground and first excited vibrational states produces gain at the coupled rotational transitions at 36, 42, 51, 63, 84, and 126 μ. The gain exhibits directional properties characteristic of a unidirectional amplifier predicted by a recent theory. The incremental gains of these lines are very large, in excess of 1/cm, and the lines oscillate easily without mirrors (``superradiance'').
Modeling spiking neural terminals in DEVS (2008)

We introduce the simulation of a spiking neural terminal using the CD++ toolkit. Operation of the neuron spike sequences are split between two channels -- one for initiating and another one for terminating spikes. The firing condition for the spiking neuron is reached when two rectangular responses, one for the initiating spike and another one for terminating spike, overlap in time domain. A Coupled model of the spiking neuron consists of two atomic models, the timer and the controller, which ensure detection of the spikes in time domain and reaction of the neuron.
Diagnostische Schwierigkeiten bei gutartigen Hypopharynxgeschwülsten (2008)

Benign intraluminar tumours of the hypopharynx or upper esophagus are often pedunculate. In cases of very soft tumours such as the present case (angiolipoma), the patient's symptoms may be so uncharacteristic that one might think of a "globus nervosus". If the peduncle is very thin, X-ray esophagograms or even endoscopic examinations may be negative. Those tumours may become very dangerous if, as a result of a vomiting reflex, they obstruct the upper airways. The present paper points out diagnostic problems. Diagnosis may be facilitated if anamnesis is considered carefully.
Real-Time Specific Surface Area Measurement via Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (2016)

From healthcare to cosmetics to environmental science, the specific surface area (SSA) of micro- and mesoporous materials or products can greatly affect their chemical and physical properties. SSA results are also widely used to examine source rocks in conventional and unconventional petroleum resource plays. Despite its importance, current methods to measure SSA are often cumbersome, time-consuming, or require cryogenic consumables (e.g., liquid nitrogen). These methods are not amenable to high-throughput environments, have stringent sample preparation requirements, and are not practical for use in the field. We present a new application of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for rapid measurement of SSA. This study evaluates geological samples, specifically organic-rich oil shales, but the approach is expected to be applicable to many other types of materials. The method uses optical emission spectroscopy to examine laser-generated plasma and quantify the amount of argon adsorbed to a sample during an inert gas purge. The technique can accommodate a wide range of sample sizes and geometries and has the potential for field use. These advantages for SSA measurement combined with the simultaneous acquisition of composition information make this a promising new approach for characterizing geologic samples and other materials.
Effect of Polymer-Filler and Filler-Filler Interactions on Dynamic Properties of Filled Vulcanizates (1998)

Abstract In the past few years, an enormous amount of work has been reported on the progress in the application of conventional fillers and the development of new products to improve the reinforcement of rubber, dynamic properties in particular. While all agree that the filler as one of the main components of the filled-rubber composite, has a very important role in improving the dynamic performances of the rubber products; many new ideas, theories, practices, phenomena, and observations about how and especially why the filler alters the dynamic stress-strain response have been presented. This, of course, suggests that not only is the real world of the filled rubber complex and sophisticated but also multiple mechanisms may be involved. However, it must be admitted that the possibility exists for explaining the effect of all fillers on rubber properties ultimately in similar and relatively nonspecific terms, i.e. , the phenomenon related to all filler parameters should follow a general rule or principle. It is the author's belief that, with regard to the effect of filler on the dynamic properties of a given polymer and cure system, filler networking, both its architecture and strength, is the main (although not only) parameter to govern the behavior of the filled rubber. From the thermodynamic and kinetic points of view, filler network formation is especially related to filler-filler, polymer-filler, as well as polymer-polymer interactions. As mentioned in the introduction, this paper is an attempt to review the effect of filler characteristics on dynamic properties in connection with processing conditions and additives. Since the polymer-filler interaction is not only affected by filler, what is also important are the characteristics of polymers such as chemical composition, chain microstructure including molecular weight and molecular weight distribution, configuration, stereoregularity, monomer unit distribution and sequence, and their functionality. All of these have a substantial influence on the physical and/or chemical interactions with other additives and filler surfaces, as well as on the interaction between polymer molecules themselves, which would impact not only the filler network formation but also the viscoelastic response of the polymer matrix. In addition, the polymer network structure which was formed during vulcanization and characterized by crosslink density, crosslink structure, and chain modification, is equally important in contributing to the overall dynamic properties of the filled rubber. In this paper, only some of these aspects have been discussed relative to their effect on filler network formation. Further discussion of these parameters is beyond the subject of the present paper. However, some guidance to these important topics is given in a handbook that was recently published.
A Sustained Reduction in IκB-β May Contribute to Persistent NF-κB Activation in Human Endothelial Cells (1996)

The responses of vascular endothelial cells (EC) to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF), interleukin-1alpha (IL-1), and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) were compared with respect to the kinetics of (i) NF-kappaB activation, (ii) IkappaB-alpha and IkappaB-beta degradation, and (iii) NF-kappaB-dependent cell surface molecule expression. TNF rapidly (</=20 min) and persistently (>20 h) activates NF-kappaB; IL-1 rapidly activates NF-kappaB, but activity declines by 3 h and further by 20 h; PMA slowly and transiently activates NF-kappaB. Untreated EC contain the inhibitory proteins IkappaB-alpha and IkappaB-beta. The onset of NF-kappaB activation correlates with degradation of IkappaB-alpha, but IkappaB-alpha reappears by 4 h without resequestration of NF-kappaB. TNF causes a rapid but partial (50%) reduction in IkappaB-beta, which does not recover by 22 h; IL-1 and PMA cause slower and less sustained reductions in IkappaB-beta. All three agonists induce de novo expression of E-selectin (CD62E) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (CD106) and increase expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (CD54) at 4 h. TNF induces sustained increases in vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and increases human leukocyte antigen class I molecules at 24 h. We conclude that TNF causes persistent activation of NF-kappaB in human EC and that this may result from sustained reductions in IkappaB-beta levels.
Leukotriene antagonists: patent highlights 1996 - 1998 (1999)

Antagonists of leukotriene D4 (LTD4) have shown clinical efficacy in the treatment of asthma while efficacy with antagonists of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) has yet to be demonstrated. The development of dual mediators possessing either histamine (H1), thromboxane (TXA2), or serine protease activity coupled with leukotriene antagonist activity offers a new direction of research, one which offers the greatest potential in discovering a superior agent for the treatment of allergic and inflammatory diseases.
Immune Mechanisms for Destruction of Erythrocytes in Vivo (1967)

Transfused Cr 51 ‐labeled rat erythrocytes, sensitized in advance with IgG rabbit lysins, were protected from rapid early destruction in vivo by heparinizing the isologous recipient. The protective action of a single heparin dose lasted for less than four hours and only delayed cell destruction in vivo, indicating that sensitizing lysins remained firmly attached to transfused erythrocytes during the period of heparin's protection. The mechanism of protection appeared to be heparin's anticompli‐mentary action, because the effect could be bypassed by sensitizing erythrocytes with lysins in the presence of fresh serum.
Nanotechnology for Molecular Imaging and Image-Guided Surgery (2010)

The development of biocompatible nanoparticles for in-vivo molecular imaging and targeted therapy is an area of considerable current interest. The basic rationale is that nanometer-sized particles have functional and structural properties that are not available from either discrete molecules or bulk materials. When conjugated with biomolecular targeting ligands such as monoclonal antibodies, peptides or small molecules, these nanoparticles can be used to target malignant tumors with high specificity and affinity. In the “mesoscopic” size range of 10-100 nm diameter, nanoparticles also have large surface areas for conjugating to multiple diagnostic (e.g., optical, radioisotopic, or magnetic) and therapeutic (e.g., anticancer) agents. Recent advances have led to the development of biodegradable nanostructures for drug delivery, iron oxide nanocrystals for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), quantum dots (QDs) for multiplexed molecular diagnosis and in-vivo imaging, and nanoscale carriers for short-interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery. We have developed a new class of biocompatible and nontoxic nanoparticles for in-vivo tumor targeting and detection based on self-assembled nanostrucrures and pegylated colloidal gold. These pegylated gold nanoparticles are considerably brighter than semiconductor quantum dots with light emission in the near-infrared window. When conjugated to tumor targeting ligands such as single chain variable fragment (ScFv) antibodies, the conjugated nanoparticles are able to target tumor biomarkers such as epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) on human cancer cells and in xenograft tumor models.
Incidence, Clinical Characteristics, and Long-term Outcome of the Dilated Phase of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (2018)

Some patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) develop systolic dysfunction, called the dilated phase of HCM (d-HCM), which is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. We conducted a retrospective study using an HCM database to clarify the incidence, clinical characteristics, and long-term outcomes of d-HCM. We analyzed an HCM cohort consisting of 434 patients (273 with apical HCM and 161 with non-apical HCM; 18 had obstructive HCM, 16 had dilated HCM, and 127 had other HCM) diagnosed by echocardiography in our hospital between 1991 and 2010. The follow-up period was 8.4 ± 6.7 years. The mean age at final follow-up was 67 ± 14 years, and 304 patients (70%) were men. The mean age of the 16 d-HCM patients at the initial visit was 45 ± 17 years, the age at final follow-up was 59 ± 18 years, and 13 were men. Thirteen d-HCM patients developed atrial fibrillation and six patients developed ischemic stroke. Twelve d-HCM patients were implanted with cardiac devices: one pacemaker, nine implantable cardioverter-defibrillators, and two cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator. Five patients died of progressive heart failure at the age of 61 ± 23 years. The age at the initial visit and final follow-up were lower and the NYHA class, brain natriuretic peptide levels, and left ventricular function at initial evaluation were worse in the d-HCM group. Univariate analysis demonstrated that a lower age at the initial visit was associated with d-HCM (hazard ratio 0.955/1 year increase; 95% CI 0.920-0.991, P = 0.015). In our HCM cohort, the incidence of d-HCM was 4%. A high prevalence of atrial fibrillation and cerebral infarction and poor prognosis were noted in this group, despite patients undergoing medication and device implantation.
Adaptive electronic linearization of fiber optic links (2003)

Nonlinearity in electrical-to-optical conversion limits dynamic range for transmitting analog and multilevel signals over fiber optic channel. We describe CMOS predistortion linearizer which extends dynamic range of direct and externally modulated links by suppressing both 2nd and 3rd order distortions.
From Angstroms to Micrometers: Self‐Organized Hierarchical Structure within a Polymer Film (2003)

Self-organization on three length scales is exhibited by a block copolymer of styrene and an oligothiophene-bearing isoprene in cast films. For example, a phase-separated nanostructure consisting of π-conjugated oligothiophene molecules is self-aligned perpendicular to the substrate, as revealed in a TEM image of a section through the film (see picture). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2003/z19877_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
A Study of Interspeaker Variability in Speaker Verification (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> We propose a new approach to the problem of estimating the hyperparameters which define the interspeaker variability model in joint factor analysis. We tested the proposed estimation technique on the NIST 2006 speaker recognition evaluation data and obtained 10%–15% reductions in error rates on the core condition and the extended data condition (as measured both by equal error rates and the NIST detection cost function). We show that when a large joint factor analysis model is trained in this way and tested on the core condition, the extended data condition and the cross-channel condition, it is capable of performing at least as well as fusions of multiple systems of other types. (The comparisons are based on the best results on these tasks that have been reported in the literature.) In the case of the cross-channel condition, a factor analysis model with 300 speaker factors and 200 channel factors can achieve equal error rates of less than 3.0%. This is a substantial improvement over the best results that have previously been reported on this task. </para>
Helium in polygonal nanopores at zero temperature: Density functional theory calculations (2008)

We investigate adsorption of helium in nanoscopic polygonal pores at zero temperature using a finite-range density functional theory. The adsorption potential is computed by means of a technique denoted as the elementary source method. We analyze a rhombic pore with Cs walls, where we show the existence of multiple interfacial configurations at some linear densities, which correspond to metastable states. Shape transitions and hysterectic loops appear in patterns which are richer and more complex than in a cylindrical tube with the same transverse area.
Mining on-line newspaper web access logs (2001)

With the explosive growth of data available on the Intemet, discovery and analysis of useful information from web log data becomes a practical necessity. However, analysis of large web log files is a complex task not fully addressed by existing web access analyzers. Using commercial software, we applied data mining technology to analyze access log records collected on a web newspaper. We have identified several reading patterns and we discuss approaches for mining this data.
Melanoma Cell Invasive and Metastatic Potential Correlates with Endothelial Cell Reorganization and Tenascin Expression (1996)

A direct correlation was observed between the invasive and metastatic potential of A375 melanoma cells and their expression of tenascin and ability to support endothelial cell adhesion and reorganization. Since the ability to metastasize and establish a neovasculature requires interaction of tumor cells with extracellular matrix and endothelial cells, we examined the potential of matrix proteins synthesized by three melanoma cell lines with low-A375P, medium-A375M and high-A375SM invasive and metastatic properties to induce adhesion and rearrangement of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro. HUVECs adhered to and reorganized into a network of connecting and aligned cells on wells conditioned by A375SM and A375M but not A375P cells. These changes in morphology suggested differences in matrix composition among the three melanoma cell lines. In comparison to low levels of substrate-bound fibronectin and laminin, increasingly higher levels of substrate-bound tenascin were synthesized by the A375P, A375M, A375SM cell lines. HUVEC adhesion and reorganization on A375-conditioned matrix was tenascin-dependent and could be inhibited with antibodies against human tenascin. HUVEC adhesion to A375SM-conditioned matrix and tenascin require α(v)β(3) while reorganization may require α2β1 as well. Our results suggest that tenascin plays a role in integrin-dependent adhesion and reorganization of HUVECs in response to the extracellular matrix of metastatic melanoma cells.
Loss ofFHITexpression in gastric mucosa of patients with family histories of gastric cancer andHelicobacter pyloriinfection (2005)

Loss of FHIT expression was observed in patients with dyspepsia and family histories of gastric carcinoma, especially those infected with H pylori. Such results may constitute an early indication of the development of gastric carcinoma, which is associated with family factors including heredity and H pylori infection. The loss of the FHIT gene may serve as a marker for early diagnosis and prevention of gastric carcinoma, especially in context of early monitoring of H pylori infection in individuals with a record of familial stomach cancer.
Molecular Pathogenesis of Focal Cortical Dysplasia and Hemimegalencephaly (2005)

My laboratory recently demonstrated that there is selective expression of phosphoribosomal S6 protein in balloon cells in focal cortical dysplasia and hemimegalencephaly but no expression of the upstream kinase, phospho-p70S6 kinase. Two proteins activated by phospho-p70S6 kinase, phospho-STAT3 and phospho-4EBP1, were not detected in balloon cells. Using complementary DNA arrays in hemimegalencephaly specimens, we found increased expression of cyclin D1 and c-myc messenger ribonucleic acids (RNAs). Expression of cyclin D1 and c-myc genes is transcriptionally activated by beta-catenin. Western analysis demonstrated increased levels of nonphosphorylated beta-catenin in hemimegalencephalic cortex. Reduced levels of Ser33, Ser37, and Thr41 phospho-beta-catenin, sites known to be phosphorylated by glycogen synthase kinase 3 and to be essential for beta-catenin inactivation, were detected in hemimegalencephaly. Enhanced transcription of cyclin D1 and c-myc messenger RNAs, increased transcriptionally active beta-catenin, and decreased Ser33/Ser37/Thr41 phospho-beta-catenin suggest activation of the Wnt-1/beta-catenin cascade in hemimegalencephaly, which can lead to aberrant cell proliferation and hemispheric enlargement during brain development. Enhanced activation of phospho-S6 and beta-catenin suggests two converging cell pathways that can be pivotal in the pathogenesis of focal cortical dysplasia and hemimegalencephaly.