gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of Tekscan pressure sensors for measuring contact pressures in the human knee joint (2015)

The Tekscan pressure sensor is a common instrument to quantify in vitro tibiofemoral and patellofemoral contact pressures, which helps to understand the impact of surgical intervention such as total knee arthroplasty (TKA). As a result of the non-linear behavior of the sensor, the conditioning, normalization and calibration of the sensor are critical to achieve correct measurements. In this paper, a literature review is presented that provides insight in the correct use of these sensors, resulting in optimal accuracy. To guarantee the repeatability of the measurements, a secure and correct fixation of the sensor in the joint is required. Using the sensor for intra-articular measurements induces several unintended effects, which potentially lower the accuracy of the measurement. First, the uneven surface can result in wrinkling and destruction of the sensor, in turn leading to measurement results that can be corrupted. Second, the presence of shear forces on the sensor can lead to wear of the sensor and reduction in sensitivity with loss of accuracy as a result. Also the fixation method can worsen the accuracy. In literature, a deterioration of the accuracy from 3% under optimal conditions to errors of more than 50% are reported as a result of the aforementioned effects.
Safeguarding and charging for information on the Internet (2002)

With the growing acceptance of the Internet as a new dissemination medium, several new and interesting challenges arise in building a digital commerce infrastructure. We discuss some of the issues that arise in building such an infrastructure. In particular, we study how one can find and pay for digital information, and how one can safeguard the information from invalid access and duplication. We use examples from our Stanford Digital Library Project to illustrate some of these problems and their potential solutions.
Contraction velocity of viscoelastic filaments (2022)

Filaments or elongated drops are common in daily life, nature, and technological applications. They contract due to surface tension. It is known from experiments that the velocity at which their tips retract can be increased in viscoelastic filaments that contain polymer additives. Here, it is shown from simulations that the velocity with which the tips of prestressed filaments retract is greatly increased compared to filaments in which the polymer molecules are relaxed. The enhancement can be understood in terms of a quantity that is positive when the flow does work on the polymer molecules but negative when the molecules do work on the flow, i.e. when elastic recoiling or unloading takes place.
RECOMMENDED SYNTHESES FOR 7–METHYLBENZ[a]ANTHRACENE, 12–METHYLBENZ[a]ANTHRACENE AND 7,12–DIMETHYLBENZ[a]ANTHRACENE (1979)

(1979). RECOMMENDED SYNTHESES FOR 7–METHYLBENZ[a]ANTHRACENE, 12–METHYLBENZ[a]ANTHRACENE AND 7,12–DIMETHYLBENZ[a]ANTHRACENE. Organic Preparations and Procedures International: Vol. 11, No. 6, pp. 271-274.
Design concepts and early utilization of a new femoral interlocking nail. (2003)

Interlocking nails provide excellent stability and control of femoral fractures from the hip to the supracondylar regions, yielding excellent clinical results. Advances in femoral nail design have provided for increased variability in their applications, allowing surgeons to stabilize a wide variety of fractures through either antegrade or retrograde nail insertion methods. In the past, nails were manufactured to be implanted with a specified insertion technique, requiring the surgeon to become facile with multiple nail systems to care for the entire spectrum of femoral injuries. A new femoral intramedullary nail system is being introduced with the capability of stabilizing both right- and left-sided femoral fractures in all 3 modes of interlocking--that is, first-generation antegrade nailing, second-generation reconstruction nailing, and retrograde nailing. The design and rationale of this system are discussed, and clinical examples of use of this new device are provided.
Correction: de Salazar et al. Oxidative Stress in Endurance Cycling Is Reduced Dose-Dependently after One Month of Re-Esterified DHA Supplementation. Antioxidants 2020, 9, 1145 (2022)

<b>Carlos Contreras</b> was not included as an author in the published article [...].
Active Steering - The BMW Approach Towards Modern Steering Technology (2004)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;For the first time, the BMW Active Steering system allows driver-independent steering intervention at the front axle with the mechanical link between the steering wheel and the front axle still in place.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The system is primarily comprised of a rack-and-pinion steering system, a double planetary gear and an electric actuator motor.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This new level of freedom enables continuous and situation-dependent variation of the steering ratio and therefore adaptation of the transmission behaviour between the steering wheel and the vehicle's reaction to the relevant driving situation. Comfort, steering effort, handling and directional stability have been extensively optimised as a result of this.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In addition, driver-independent steering intervention also guarantees vehicle stabilisation in critical driving situations.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;As a world exclusive, the new Active Steering system will be available for the first time as an option in the new BMW 5 Series.&lt;/div&gt;
A plant in vitro system for the nuclear import of proteins (1996)

This paper reports the development of an in vitro system that allows the direct assay of protein import into plant nuclei. In this assay the import of fluorescently labelled karyophilic protein substrates into nuclei isolated from evacuolated tobacco BY-2 suspension cells is monitored. It is demonstrated that import of the fluorescently labelled peptide conjugates is rapid, saturable and nuclear localization signal (NLS)-dependent. Exclusion of high molecular weight (70 kDa) dextran and substrates carrying mutated NLS sequences further underline the specificity of this system. Nuclear translocation of karyophilic import substrates in tobacco, similar to mammalian systems, is inhibited by the non-hydrolysable GTP analogue GTP-gamma-S. In contrast, protein uptake is not blocked by wheat germ agglutinin, N-ethyl-maleinimide and iodoacetic acid. Furthermore, it is shown that nuclear import of proteins is only partially inhibited by low temperature (0-4 degrees C). The in vitro nuclear import assay does not depend on exogenously added ATP or cytosolic factors. However, a block of nuclear import with GTP-gamma-S could be overcome by the addition of cytosolic extract, suggesting the dependence on cytosolic factors or proteins. These data indicate that the characteristics of nuclear protein import in plant and mammalian cells are similar, but may be, at least in some respects, also different from each other.
L'identité politique et culturelle des Allemands de Namibie face à l'Indépendance (1991)

Le 21 mars 1990 -jour anniversaire du massacre de Sharpeville, banlieue noire du TransvaaI en Afrique du Sud- la Namibie, derniere colonie en Afrique, si l'on excepte Melilla et Ceuta, accede a l’independance. Cette independance intervient apres la liberation, au debut de l'annee 1990, de Nelson Mandela, leader de l'A.N.C. et dans un contexte de detente internationale lie l’ebranlement des pays de l'Est. La transformation des rapports entre les deux blocs ayant des consequences directes sur la situation de l'Afrique australe, elle contribue a mettre un terme a trente ans de controverses et d'affrontements entre la Republique Sud-Africaine, ses voisins socialistes, l'O.N.U. et l'organisation de liberation du peuple namibien, la S.W.A.P.O. Le Sud-Ouest Africain, colonie allemande jusqu'en 1915, est administre apres la premiere guerre mondiale par l'Union sud-africaine a laquelle le Royaume-Uni a delegue le mandat C qu'elle a obtenu pour le S.O.A. et qui lui permet de l'administrer comme son propre territoire. Les Allemands qui y demeurent apres la perte des colonies allemandes en 1919 constituent un cas unique puisque les Allemands de toutes les autres colonies sont expulses ou choisissent volontairement de rentrer en Allemagne.
Supplementary Data from Biomarker Associations with Efficacy of Abiraterone Acetate and Exemestane in Postmenopausal Patients with Estrogen Receptor–Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table S1. Biomarkers evaluated Supplementary Table S2. Additional biomarker associations with PFS by treatment&lt;/p&gt;
Inhibition of 5′-UTR RNA Conformational Switching in HIV-1 Using Antisense PNAs (2012)

Our results demonstrate that PNA can be used successfully as an antisense to inhibit dimerization and template switching process in HIV -1 and both of the processes are closely linked to each other. Different PNA oligomers have ability of switching between two thermodynamically stable forms. PNA targeted against DIS and SL1 switch, LDI conformer to more dimerization friendly BMH form. PNAs targeted against PolyA haipin configuration did not show a significant change in dimerization and template switching process. The PNA oligomer directed against the AUG strand of U5-AUG duplex structure also showed a significant reduction in RNA dimerization as well as template- switching efficiency.The antisense PNA oligomers can be used to regulate the shift in the LDI/BMH equilibrium.
Toward Accurate Modeling of the Effect of Ion-Pair Formation on Solute Redox Potential (2016)

A scheme to model the dependence of a solute redox potential on the supporting electrolyte is proposed, and the results are compared to experimental observations and other reported theoretical models. An improved agreement with experiment is exhibited if the effect of the supporting electrolyte on the redox potential is modeled through a concentration change induced via ion pair formation with the salt, rather than by only considering the direct impact on the redox potential of the solute itself. To exemplify the approach, the scheme is applied to the concentration-dependent redox potential of select molecules proposed for nonaqueous flow batteries. However, the methodology is general and enables rational computational electrolyte design through tuning of the operating window of electrochemical systems by shifting the redox potential of its solutes; including potentially both salts as well as redox active molecules.
Author response: Proteotoxicity from aberrant ribosome biogenesis compromises cell fitness (2019)

Cells are made up of thousands of different proteins that perform unique roles required for life. To create all of these proteins, cells use machines called ribosomes that are partly formed of elements known as r-proteins. When cells grow and divide, the ribosomes have to make copies of themselves through a process called ribosome biogenesis. Although all cells need ribosomes, certain types of cells are especially sensitive to events that interfere with ribosome biogenesis. For example, patients that have mutations in genes needed for ribosome biogenesis produce fewer red blood cells, but their other cells and tissues are mostly healthy. It is not clear why some cells are more sensitive than others. Ribosome biogenesis is very similar between different organisms, so researchers often use budding yeast as a model to study the process. Here, Tye et al. used genetic and chemical tools to interfere with ribosome biogenesis on short time scales, which made it possible to detect early on what was going wrong in the cells. The experiments found that when ribosome biogenesis was disrupted, r-proteins that were waiting to be assembled into ribosomes quickly stuck to one another and formed clumps that reduced the ability of the yeast cells to grow. The cells responded by switching on a protein called Hsf1, which restored their ability to grow. Yeast cells that were growing quickly, and therefore making more ribosomes, were more sensitive to abnormal ribosome biogenesis than slow-growing cells. These results indicate that how actively a cell is growing, and its ability to cope with r-proteins sticking together, may in part explain why certain cells are more vulnerable to events that interfere with ribosome biogenesis. Since human cells also have Hsf1, future experiments could investigate whether turning it on might also protect fast-growing human cells from such events.
A study on fine granular fault tolerance methodologies for FPGAs (2011)

Single Event Upsets will gain more importance for future nanoscale architectures, which will be more sensitive to such effects. Especially for domains like space applications robust redundany methodologies are needed to make use of these new architectures. In this paper we study fine grain redundancy methodologies which can be used to construct high robust designs. Our basic approach is to localize the fault tolerance structure to a fine grain view. We then show two methodologies which are suitable for FPGAs. The methodologies are similar to Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR) which is a widely used approach for mitigating upsets and failures. However for new device generations simply replicating complete systems in TMR manner may not be sufficient anymore especially in harsh environments, such as space applications. We integrate both approaches into standard FPGA tool flows thereby introducing redundancy automatically without user interaction.
Data from DNA Damage Recognition via Activated ATM and p53 Pathway in Nonproliferating Human Prostate Tissue (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;DNA damage response (DDR) pathways have been extensively studied in cancer cell lines and mouse models, but little is known about how DNA damage is recognized by different cell types in nonmalignant, slowly replicating human tissues. Here, we assess, using &lt;i&gt;ex vivo&lt;/i&gt; cultures of human prostate tissue, DDR caused by cytotoxic drugs (camptothecin, doxorubicin, etoposide, and cisplatin) and ionizing radiation (IR) in the context of normal tissue architecture. Using specific markers for basal and luminal epithelial cells, we determine and quantify cell compartment–specific damage recognition. IR, doxorubicin, and etoposide induced the phosphorylation of H2A.X on Ser&lt;sup&gt;139&lt;/sup&gt; (γH2AX) and DNA damage foci formation. Surprisingly, luminal epithelial cells lack the prominent γH2AX response after IR when compared with basal cells, although ATM phosphorylation on Ser&lt;sup&gt;1981&lt;/sup&gt; and 53BP1 foci were clearly detectable in both cell types. The attenuated γH2AX response seems to result from low levels of total H2A.X in the luminal cells. Marked increase in p53, a downstream target of the activated ATM pathway, was detected only in response to camptothecin and doxorubicin. These findings emphasize the diversity of pathways activated by DNA damage in slowly replicating tissues and reveal an unexpected deviation in the prostate luminal compartment that may be relevant in prostate tumorigenesis. Detailed mapping of tissue and cell type differences in DDR will provide an outlook of relevant responses to therapeutic strategies. Cancer Res; 70(21); 8630–41. ©2010 AACR.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
The effects of overdrive pacing and lidocaine on atrioventricular junctional rhythm in man: the role of abnormal automaticity. (1985)

The effects of overdrive pacing and lidocaine were studied in 22 patients with atrioventricular (AV) junctional rhythms. Based on the responses to cardiac pacing and lidocaine, patients were divided into two groups. AV junctional rhythms in group I (17 patients) were suppressed by overdrive pacing, and their rates were decreased by lidocaine. Lidocaine also prolonged the junctional recovery time in these patients. AV junctional rhythms in group II (five patients) were not suppressed by overdrive pacing. In contrast, the rate increased after overdrive pacing. Lidocaine did not alter the basic cycle lengths or the recovery times of the AV junctional rhythms in this group of patients. The data suggest that AV junctional rhythms in group I were caused by normal automaticity, while those in group II were probably due to abnormal automaticity.
Sustained Nitric Oxide-Providing Small Molecule and Precise Release Behavior Study for Glaucoma Treatment (2020)

Incidence ofglaucoma, a severe disease leading to irreversible loss of vision, is increasing with global aging populations. Lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) is the only proven treatment method for glaucoma. Nitric oxide (NO) is an emerging material targeting the conventional outflow pathway by relaxing the trabecular meshwork (TM). However, there is little understanding on the NO level effective in IOP lowering without toxicity. Here, we report a novel long-term NO-releasing polydiazeniumdiolate (NOP) that enables lowering IOP via the conventional outflow pathway. NOP is composed of carbon-bound polydiazeniumdiolate, a stable NO donor moiety. NO release was monitored with accurate parameters by real-time detection of gas and analysis of the accumulated release profile. Based on the NO release information, the selected safe level of NOP exhibited effective TM relaxation and a potential IOP lowering effect in vivo without side effects. This work provides new insights into nitric oxide release behavior that should be considered for glaucoma treatment.
O5‐05‐05: MASS SPECTROMETRIC PROFILING OF ENDOGENOUS PEPTIDES DERIVED FROM THE POST‐SYNAPTIC PROTEIN NEUROGRANIN IN CEREBROSPINAL FLUID (2014)

Neurogranin is a 78 aa 7618 Da soluble post-synaptic protein with high expression in particular brain regions, including the cortex and hippocampus. Research targeting the pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for the cognitive deterioration, which is a hallmark in Alzheimer's disease (AD), indicates that synaptic degradation is a major contributor to neuronal loss. Neuronal loss is in turn thought to be one of the underlying causes in AD development and progression. Synaptic degeneration is believed to occur early in the course of the disease, probably long before the onset of the first symptoms. Thus, the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of neurogranin may enable earlier diagnosis CSF from healthy controls and AD patients was analysed by immunoprecipitation (IP) followed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. The IP was performed using in-house-generated mouse anti-human neurogranin antibodies targeting the C-terminal region of the protein. Quantification of endogenous neurogranin peptides was performed by adding an isotopic labelled neurogranin peptide to the CSF prior any sample preparation. A variety of endogenous neurogranin peptides including Ng48-75 and Ng48-76 were reproducible identified in CSF while full length neurogranin could not be detected. A pilot study on CSF from AD patients (n=16) and age matched healthy controls (n=10) showed significantly increased levels of Ng48-75 and Ng48-76 (p=0.01 and 0.002, respectively) in AD as compared to controls. In addition, the mass spectrometric results correlated with the two established AD biomarkers total Tau and phosphorylated Tau protein. Neurogranin is metabolised into several short endogenous peptides which can be detected and quantified in CSF. Results from a small pilot study including AD patients and healthy controls showed significantly increased levels of the two endogenous peptides, Ng48-75 and Ng48-76, suggesting that neurogranin can be used as a novel biomarker marker for AD.
Data from Lenalidomide, Thalidomide, and Pomalidomide Reactivate the Epstein–Barr Virus Lytic Cycle through Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Signaling and Ikaros Expression (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Lenalidomide, thalidomide, and pomalidomide (LTP) are immunomodulatory agents approved for use in multiple myeloma, but in some settings, especially with alkylating agents, an increase in Hodgkin lymphoma and other secondary primary malignancies (SPM) has been noted. Some of these malignancies have been linked to Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), raising the possibility that immunomodulatory drugs disrupt latent EBV infection.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; We studied the ability of LTP to reactivate latently infected EBV-positive cell lines &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;, and evaluated the EBV viral load in archived serum samples from patients who received a lenalidomide, thalidomide, and dexamethasone (LTD) combination.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Treatment of EBV-infected B-cell lines with LTP at physiologically relevant concentrations induced the immediate early gene &lt;i&gt;BZLF1&lt;/i&gt;, the early gene &lt;i&gt;BMRF1&lt;/i&gt;, and the late proteins VCA and BCFR1. This occurred in the potency order pomalidomide &gt; lenalidomide &gt; thalidomide, and the nucleoside analogue ganciclovir enhanced the cytotoxic effects of lenalidomide and pomalidomide in Burkitt lymphoma cells &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;. EBV reactivation was related to PI3K stimulation and Ikaros suppression, and blocked by the PI3Kδ inhibitor idelalisib. Combinations of lenalidomide with dexamethasone or rituximab increased EBV reactivation compared with lenalidomide alone and, importantly, lenalidomide with melphalan produced even greater reactivation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; We conclude LTP may reactivate EBV-positive resting memory B cells thereby enhancing EBV lytic cycle and host immune suppression. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 22(19); 4901–12. ©2016 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Automatic Calibration of Multiple Stationary Laser Range Finders Using Trajectories (2012)

Laser based detection and tracking of persons can be used for numerous tasks, like statistical measurements for determining bottlenecks in public buildings, optimizing passenger flow, or planning camera placement. Only a network of multiple LRF is sufficient to fulfill these tasks in larger spaces. Calibrating multiple LRF into a global coordinate system is usually done by hand in a time consuming procedure. In this paper, we address the problem of automatically calibrating such a sensor network. We introduce an automatic calibration mechanism, which is able to obtain the positions and orientations of all LRF in a global coordinate system, without any prior knowledge of the scene. Our approach is based on comparing person tracks, determined by each individual LRF unit and matching them in order to obtain constraints between the LRF units. By resolving these constraints, we are able to estimate the poses of all LRF. We evaluate and compare our method to the current state of the art approach methodically and experimentally. Experiments show that our calibration approach outperforms this approach.
Independent and simultaneous three-dimensional optical trapping and imaging (2013)

Combining imaging and control of multiple micron-scaled objects in three dimensions opens up new experimental possibilities such as the fabrication of colloidal-based photonic devices, as well as high-throughput studies of single cell dynamics. Here we utilize the dual-objectives approach to combine 3D holographic optical tweezers with a spinning-disk confocal microscope. Our setup is capable of trapping multiple different objects in three dimensions with lateral and axial accuracy of 8 nm and 20 nm, and precision of 20 nm and 200 nm respectively, while imaging them in four different fluorescence channels. We demonstrate fabrication of ordered two-component and three dimensional colloidal arrays, as well as trapping of yeast cell arrays. We study the kinetics of the division of yeast cells within optical traps, and find that the timescale for division is not affected by trapping.