gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparative efficacies of pivmecillinam and ampicillin in acute shigellosis (1984)

The clinical efficacies of pivmecillinam and ampicillin were compared in a randomized double-blind trial in the treatment of acute shigellosis. Of 44 adult male patients, all culture positive for Shigella strains, 22 patients received 400 mg of pivmecillinam and 22 patients received 500 mg of ampicillin every 6 h. Both drugs were administered orally for 5 days. Four patients receiving ampicillin were infected with Shigella strains that were resistant to ampicillin but susceptible to pivmecillinam, and two patients receiving pivmecillinam were infected with Shigella strains resistant to both ampicillin and pivmecillinam. The mean duration of diarrhea in all patients receiving pivmecillinam was 3.3 days compared with 4.5 days in patients receiving ampicillin (P less than 0.05). When patients infected with the resistant strains were excluded, the mean duration of diarrhea in patients receiving pivmecillinam was 3.2 days compared with 4.1 days in patients receiving ampicillin. The patients infected with strains susceptible to both antibiotics had mean durations of fecal excretion of Shigella strains of 1.2 days for those treated with pivmecillinam and 1.4 days for those treated with ampicillin. The patients infected with organisms resistant to both drugs had longer durations of diarrhea and fecal excretion of Shigella strains. The results suggest that pivmecillinam is as effective as ampicillin and can be a useful drug for the treatment of shigellosis.
Synthesis of 2-Aryl-5-alkyl-fulleropyrrolidines: Metal-Free-Mediated Reaction of [60]Fullerene with Aromatic Aldehydes and Inactive Primary Amines (2017)

The metal-free-mediated thermal reaction of [60]fullerene with aromatic aldehydes and inactive primary amines bearing electron-donating groups at the α-position afforded a series of 2-aryl-5-alkyl-fulleropyrrolidines, including the scarce 2-aryl-5-benzyl-fulleropyrrolidines as a mixture of cis and trans isomers. With rare exceptions, the mixture of cis and trans isomers could be easily isolated by column chromatography, with a preference of cis isomers as major products. A plausible mechanism for the formation of fulleropyrrolidines is also proposed.
Cover Image, Volume 36, Issue 12 (2016)

Prenatal ultrasonography of the third fetus at 16 gestational weeks showing multiple joint contractures (arthrogryposis). From Chen et al., Prenat Diagn 36: 1135-1138, DOI: 10.1002/pd.4949
Internal electron transfer in multi-site redox enzymes is accessed by laser excitation of thiouredopyrene-3,6,8-trisulfonate (TUPS) (2009)

We demonstrate that thiouredopyrene-3,6,8-trisulfonate (TUPS), a photoactivatable reagent, can rapidly inject electrons into complex redox enzymes, enabling studies of the kinetics of internal electron that are not accessible using conventional rapid mixing, stopped-flow methods.
Comparison of Methods for Tracking Control of Nonlinear Uncertain Multi-Body Mechanical Systems (2012)

This paper presents a comparison of several alternative approaches to obtaining tracking control of a nonlinear uncertain system. A real-life multi-body system is in general highly nonlinear and is intrinsically error-prone due to uncertainties in the modeling system. The uncertainty which is time-varying, unknown but bounded, is therefore assumed in this paper, whereby it may arise from two general sources: uncertainty in the knowledge of the physical system and/or uncertainty in the ‘given force’ applied to the system. In this paper, the use of a new, generalized nonlinear controller is illustrated incorporating two control laws—generalized sliding surface control and generalized damping control. The generalized damping control law also provides two control approaches, one with an uncertainty bound and one without the bound on uncertainty. This leads to three sets of closed-form controllers that can guarantee, regardless of the uncertainty, a tracking signal of a desired reference trajectory of the nominal system, which we refer to as our best assessment of the actual real-life situation. A comparison of the use of the proposed three control designs is demonstrated using an example of a control problem in multi-body dynamics. Both the generalized sliding surface controller and the generalized bound damping controller require knowledge of the bound on uncertainty in order to guarantee a tracking signal of a desired reference trajectory within a desired error bound. In contrast, when using the generalized no-bound damping controller, tracking of the nominal system trajectory can be obtained regardless of the knowledge of the uncertainty’s bound. However, the tracking results from the generalized no-bound damping controller are the least optimal when compared with those obtained from the other two controllers. With simplicity and accuracy obtained, all three control approaches can be implemented for a wide range of complex multi-body mechanical systems.
Terpenoid‐Biosynthese abseits bekannter Wege: unkonventionelle Cyclasen und ihre Bedeutung für die biomimetische Synthese (2014)

Abstract Cyclisierungsreaktionen von Terpenen und Terpenoiden zählen zu den komplexesten chemischen Reaktionen in der Natur und tragen maßgeblich zur enormen Strukturvielfalt dieser größten Naturstofffamilie bei. Zahlreiche Studien auf chemischer, genetischer und biochemischer Ebene wurden durchgeführt, um mechanistische Einblicke in diese faszinierenden Reaktionen zu erlangen, die von Terpen‐ und Terpenoid‐Cyclasen katalysiert werden. Eine Vielzahl dieser Enzyme konnte seither charakterisiert werden. Nach klassischer Lehrbuchmeinung werden Terpen‐/Terpenoid‐Cyclasen gemäß ihrer Struktur und ihrem Reaktionsmechanismus in zwei große Klassen eingeteilt. Jüngste Entdeckungen neuartiger Terpenoid‐Cyclasen zeigen jedoch, dass das natürliche enzymatische Repertoire deutlich vielseitiger ist, als zunächst gedacht. Dieser Aufsatz stellt eben diese Terpenoid‐Cyclasen in den Fokus, die aus dem Rahmen fallen.
Cost Effectiveness Analysis of Graft Options in Spinal Fusion Surgery Using a Markov Model (2012)

RhBMP is the most cost-effective graft option for L4-L5 fusion for degenerative spondylolisthesis largely due to the reduced rate of revision spine surgery. The increased upfront cost and list of complications associated with RhBMP is offset by the reduced rate of revision surgery.
Materials and applications of polymer films for power capacitors with special respect to nanocomposites (2018)

This review highlights the research conducted on polymers, especially on polymer nanocomposites for electrical energy storage applications in power capacitors. State-of-the-art neat polymers are addressed as well as blends of polymers. Special emphasis is given to polymers filled with ceramic nanoparticles - polymer nanocomposites. The aim of this contribution is to overview the different approaches being made to improve the properties of dielectric polymer films for power capacitors. It concludes with an outlook on the research topics that should be addressed in the future.
Process for structural geologic analysis of topography and point data (2023)

A quantitative method of geologic structural analysis of digital terrain data is described for implementation on a computer. Assuming selected valley segments are controlled by the underlying geologic structure, topographic lows in the terrain data, defining valley bottoms, are detected, filtered and accumulated into a series line segments defining contiguous valleys. The line segments are then vectorized to produce vector segments, defining valley segments, which may be indicative of the underlying geologic structure. Coplanar analysis is performed on vector segment pairs to determine which vectors produce planes which represent underlying geologic structure. Point data such as fracture phenomena which can be related to fracture planes in 3-dimensional space can be analyzed to define common plane orientation and locations. The vectors, points, and planes are displayed in various formats for interpretation.
Myogenin and oxidative enzyme gene expression levels are elevated in rat soleus muscles after endurance training (2004)

The intent of this study was to determine whether endurance exercise training regulates increases in metabolic enzymes, which parallel modulations of myogenin and MyoD in skeletal muscle of rats. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were endurance trained (TR) 5 days weekly for 8 wk on a motorized treadmill. They were killed 48 h after their last bout of exercise. Sedentary control (Con) rats were killed at the same time as TR animals. Myogenin, MyoD, citrate synthase (CS), cytochrome-c oxidase (COX) subunits II and VI, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and myosin light chain mRNA contents were determined in soleus muscles by using RT-PCR. Myogenin mRNA content was also estimated by using dot-blot hybridization. Protein expression levels of myogenin and MyoD were measured by Western blots. CS enzymatic activity was also measured. RT-PCR measurements showed that the mRNA contents of myogenin, CS, COX II, COX VI, and LDH were 25, 20, 17, 16, and 18% greater, respectively, in TR animals compared with Con animals (P < 0.05). The ratio of myogenin to MyoD mRNA content estimated by RT-PCR in TR animals was 28% higher than that in Con animals (P < 0.05). Myosin light chain expression was similar in Con and TR muscles. Results from dot-blot hybridization to a riboprobe further confirmed the increase in myogenin mRNA level in TR group. Western blot analysis indicated a 24% greater level of myogenin protein in TR animals compared with Con animals (P < 0.01). The soleus muscles from TR animals had a 25% greater CS enzymatic activity than the Con animals (P < 0.01). Moreover, myogenin mRNA and protein contents were positively correlated to CS activity and mRNA contents of CS, COX II, and COX VI (P < 0.05). These data are consistent with the hypothesis that myogenin is in the pathway for exercise-induced changes in mitochondrial enzymes.
Homo- and heterodehydrocoupling of phosphines mediated by alkali metal catalysts (2019)

Catalytic chemistry that involves the activation and transformation of main group substrates is relatively undeveloped and current examples are generally mediated by expensive transition metal species. Herein, we describe the use of inexpensive and readily available tBuOK as a catalyst for P-P and P-E (E = O, S, or N) bond formation. Catalytic quantities of tBuOK in the presence of imine, azobenzene hydrogen acceptors, or a stoichiometric amount of tBuOK with hydrazobenzene, allow efficient homodehydrocoupling of phosphines under mild conditions (e.g. 25 °C and < 5 min). Further studies demonstrate that the hydrogen acceptors play an intimate mechanistic role. We also show that our tBuOK catalysed methodology is general for the heterodehydrocoupling of phosphines with alcohols, thiols and amines to generate a range of potentially useful products containing P-O, P-S, or P-N bonds.
Magnetic Softening of Granular Films by Use of Obliquely Sputtered Under Layer Films. (2001)

Magnetic softening of the tunnel-type magnetoresistance (TMR) effect of Co-Sm-O granular magnetic films was attempted by employing FeNi under layer films that were sputtered under an oblique cathode arrangement. The obliquely sputtered FeNi films had a nano-scale corrugated structure whose height and spacing were approximately 10 nm. Because of the stray field acting between neighboring corrugations of the FeNi film, the resistivity change of the Co-Sm-O granular film formed on the obliquely sputtered FeNi film showed good low-field response, reaching about 240 times higher than that of the single-layer Co-Sm-O film.
SenseMyCity: Crowdsourcing an Urban Sensor (2014)

People treat smartphones as a second skin, having them around nearly 24/7 and constantly interacting with them. Although smartphones are used mainly for personal communication, social networking and web browsing, they have many connectivity capabilities, and are at the same time equipped with a wide range of embedded sensors. Additionally, bluetooth connectivity can be leveraged to collect data from external sensors, greatly extending the sensing capabilities. However, massive data-gathering using smartphones still poses many architectural challenges, such as limited battery and processing power, and possibly connectivity costs. This article describes SenseMyCity (SMC), an Internet of Things mobile urban sensor that is extensible and fully configurable. The platform consists of an app, a backoffice and a frontoffice. The SMC app can collect data from embedded sensors, like GPS, wifi, accelerometer, magnetometer, etc, as well as from external bluetooth sensors, ranging from On-Board Diagnostics gathering data from vehicles, to wearable cardiac sensors. Adding support for new internal or external sensors is straightforward due to the modular architecture. Data transmission to our servers can occur either on-demand or in real-time, while keeping costs down by only using the configured type of Internet connectivity. We discuss our experience implementing the platform and using it to make longitudinal studies with many users. Further, we present results on bandwidth utilization and energy consumption for different sensors and sampling rates. Finally, we show two use cases: mapping fuel consumption and user stress extracted from cardiac sensors.
Dynamically Translating x86 to LLVM using QEMU (2010)

DSLAB
Effects of prolonged surface pressure on the skin blood flowmotions in anaesthetized rats—an assessment by spectral analysis of laser Doppler flowmetry signals (2006)

The objective of this study is to assess the effect of prolonged surface compression on the skin blood flowmotion in rats using spectral analysis based on wavelets transform of the periodic oscillations of the cutaneous laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) signal. An external pressure of 13.3 kPa (100 mmHg) was applied to the trochanter area and the distal lateral tibia of Sprague-Dawley rats via two specifically designed pneumatic indentors. The loading duration was 6 hours/day for 4 consecutive days. Five frequency intervals were identified (0.01-0.04 Hz, 0.04-0.15 Hz, 0.15-0.4 Hz, 0.4-2 Hz and 2-5 Hz) corresponding to endothelial related metabolic, neurogenic, myogenic, respiratory and cardiac origins. The absolute amplitude of oscillations of each particular frequency interval and the normalized amplitude were calculated for quantitative assessments. The results showed that (1) tissue compression following the above schedule induced significant decrease in the normalized amplitude in the frequency interval of 0.01-0.04 Hz both in the trochanter area (p < 0.001) and tibialis area (p = 0.023), (2) prolonged compression induced significant increase in the absolute amplitude (p = 0.004 for the trochanter area and p = 0.017 for the tibialis area) but significant decrease in the normalized amplitude (p = 0.023 for the trochanter area and p = 0.026 for the tibialis area) in the frequency interval of 0.15-0.4 Hz, and (3) at the tibialis area, the flowmotion amplitude (frequency interval 0.15-0.4 Hz) measured prior to the daily tissue compression schedule was found to be significantly higher on day 4 than the measurements obtained on day 1. However, this finding was not observed at the trochanter area. Our results suggested that prolonged compression might induce endothelial damage and affect the endothelial related metabolic activities.
ARFTG June 2013 (2013)

The Automatic Radio Frequency Techniques Group (ARFTG) is a technical organization interested in all aspects of RF and microwave test and measurement. ARFTG is an integral part of MTT-S Microwave Week in Seattle, and it is scheduled for Friday, 7 June and will be held at the Grand Hyatt hotel. Oral technical sessions at ARFTG conferences are conducted in a single- track style, with papers on topical subjects that are both theoretical and practical, address the user and the manufacturer, and cover both modeling and measurement. In addition to presentations, authors may present their work in the open forum that runs jointly with the vendor exhibition. The theme of this year's conference is "Metrology for High-Speed Circuits and Systems." The ARFTG Web site (www.arftg.org) should have all you need to know about upcoming events. This includes our conference during Microwave Week 2013.
Spine Update (1995)

The finite element method has been used in spine biomechanics research for nearly a quarter of a century. Recent developments have made it possible to simulate a variety of clinical situations in an increasingly realistic manner, and have elevated the finite element method into a fully complementary partnership with experimental approaches for investigating clinical problems of the spine. The impact of several of these new developments on present and future spine biomechanics research is addressed in this update.
Improving Tensile Mechanical Properties of FDM-Manufactured Specimens via Modifying Build Parameters (2013)

In this paper, the focus was on improving tensile mechanical properties of FDMmanufactured parts by adjusting FDM processing parameters and analyzing stress concentration features between adjacent roads of material. FDM processing parameters are specified by the user via Insight – the file preparation software for most FDM machines. Even though Insight gives the impression that adjacent roads are to be deposited and connected throughout, an optical imaging observation of the deposited material revealed that adjacent roads are not consistently connected forming voids that reduce mechanical performance. Therefore, this work reports the tensile mechanical properties of specimens built using three sets of parameters: standard/default parameters, an Insight revision method, and a visual feedback method. When compared to the default build parameters, the experimentally determined, visual feedback approach produced specimens, in some cases, exhibiting as high as 19% improvement in ultimate tensile strength.
Electronic Implementation of Associative Memory Based on Neural Network Models (1987)

An electronic embodiment of a neural network based associative memory in the form of a binary connection matrix is described. The nature of false memory errors, their effect on the information storage capacity of binary connection matrix memories, and a novel technique to eliminate such errors with the help of asymmetrical extra connections are discussed. The stability of the matrix memory system incorporating a unique local inhibition scheme is analyzed in terms of local minimization of an energy function. The memory's stability, dynamic behavior, and recall capability are investigated using a 32-"neuron" electronic neural network memory with a 1024-programmable binary connection matrix.
Establishment of a preliminary baseline of Salmonella presence on pork and goat carcasses harvested in the Bahamas to address food and nutritional security interventions (2018)

© 2018 American Society of Animal Science. cc-by-nc
Cellular immunogenicity of an Ad35GGRIN+ENV and MVA-CMDR prime-boost vaccine regimen. (42.3) (2010)

Abstract Newer HIV-1 vaccine strategies use heterologous prime-boost regimens to stimulate broader immune responses. We tested 2 heterologous vectors with heterologous HIV-1 gene inserts: Ad35GRIN+Ad35ENV and MVA-CMDR. The Ad35GRIN+Ad35ENV vaccine is comprised of two vectors containing sequences from HIV-1 subtype A (GRIN=gag, rt, int and nef and ENV=env). MVA-CMDR contains genes from HIV-1 subtype CRF01_AE (gag, env and pol). Balb/c mice (5/group) were immunized according to the following schema: Group 1:MVA-CMDR-MVA-CMDR; Group 2:MVA-CMDR-Ad35GRIN+ENV; Group 3:Ad35GRIN+ENV-MVA-CMDR; Group 4:Ad35GRIN+ENV-Ad35GRIN+ENV. Immunogenicity testing was performed at 2 weeks post boost: ELISPOT, ICS (CD107a, IFNγ, TNFα and IL-2) and pentamer (H-2Kd) Gag epitope staining were used. A variety of stimuli were used to define responses to inserts and vectors. Insert-specific immune responses were detected in all groups. The best combination was Group 3. Notably, there was a shift from a focused vector response in Group 1 to an insert response in Group 3 (0.78% CD8+INFγ gag pool response and 4.24% CD8+INFγ MVA response in Group 1 vs 5.74% CD8+INFγ gag pool response and 0.61% CD8+INFγ MVA response in Group 3). The relative contributions of vector versus insert are not clear. It appears that the insert response is dominant in the heterologous vector format and that subtle differences in cross-reactive populations can be revealed using the pentamer (H-2Kd) Gag epitope staining.
Flagellar waveform dynamics of freely swimming algal cells (2013)

We present quantitative measurements of time-dependent flagellar waveforms for freely swimming biflagellated algal cells, for both synchronous and asynchronous beating. We use the waveforms in conjunction with resistive force theory as well as a singularity method to predict a cell's time-dependent velocity for comparison with experiments. While net propulsion is thought to arise from asymmetry between the power and recovery strokes, we show that hydrodynamic interactions between the flagella and cell body on the return stroke make an important contribution to enhance net forward motion.
Inhibitory effects of geranium essential oil and its major component, citronellol, on degranulation and cytokine production by mast cells (2016)

We investigated the effects of geranium essential oil (GEO) on anaphylaxis. GEO can exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, but its roles in allergic reactions are incompletely understood. Here, we used mouse cells to show that GEO inhibited the degranulation of cultured mast cells (CMCs). Citronellol is the major component of GEO and inhibited CMC degranulation. The l-enantiomer of citronellol more effectively suppressed CMC degranulation than did d-citronellol. We also examined whether citronellol could inhibit the immunoglobulin (Ig) E-induced production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Treatment with various concentrations of citronellol before CMC activation with IgE significantly inhibited the induction of TNF-α in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanistically, citronellol suppressed the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK), which is critical for ERK activation and the production of inflammatory cytokines in mast cells. These findings suggest that citronellol may represent a candidate compound for the effective treatment of allergic diseases.
Responses to thermal and salinity stress in wild and farmed Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas Part A Molecular & integrative physiology (2016)

The Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas was introduced from Japan to many countries in the world for oyster farming, resulting in the establishment of wild populations in intertidal zones and resource competition with local faunas. This study examined physiological responses of wild oysters and farmed oysters to thermal (15°C, 25°C, 37°C and 44°C) and salinity stress (39, 50 and 60ppt). The wild oysters produced more 72kDa heat shock proteins when the temperature increased from 15°C to 25°C and 37°C and the salinity increased from 39 to 50 and 60ppt. However, the amount of 69kDa heat shock protein was similar between farmed and wild oysters when the temperature increased from 15°C to the sublethal temperature 37°C, but it was lower in wild oysters than in farmed oysters when the temperature increased from 15°C to the lethal temperature 44°C. In the tissues, wild oysters used more glycogen to promote metabolic activities by increasing the level of AEC (adenylate energy charge). The results suggest that farmed oysters might have limited ability to cope with heat stress due to low energy reserve and glycolysis activity for HSP synthesis. This study provides experimental evidence on differential responses between wild and farmed oysters to temperature and salinity changes, leading to a better understanding on the pattern of distribution for invading oyster species in the marine environment and the adaptation of marine invertebrates to the threat of climate change.