gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effect of EGR on Diesel Engine Wear (1999)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;As part of an ongoing programme of Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) wear investigations, this paper reports a study into the effect of Exhaust Gas Recirculation, and a variety of interacting factors, on the wear rate of the top piston ring and the liner top ring reversal point on a 1.0 litre/cylinder medium duty four cylinder diesel engine. Thin Layer Activation (TLA - also known as Surface Layer Activation in the US) has been used to provide individual wear rates for these components when engine operating conditions have been varied.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The effects of oil condition, EGR level, fuel sulphur content and engine coolant temperature have been investigated at one engine speed at full load. The effects of engine load and uncooled EGR have also been assessed. The effects of these parameters on engine wear are presented and discussed.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;When EGR was applied a significant increase in wear was observed at EGR levels of between 10% and 15%. The wear increase was mirrored by an increase in the carbon content in the cylinder which had a fundamental effect on the piston ring and liner wear and on the oil quality. Therefore, wear occurring at any point in time was a function of the soot loading of the oil and soot loading of the combustion chamber, rather then simply the level of EGR. Corrosion induced wear with EGR did not appear to be significant with current fuel.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This has significant implications for Euro IV, or similar emission levels, which are achieved through the use of EGR. To meet these emissions, soot levels will be significantly lower than those of the test engine. This will substantially reduce the soot level in the cylinder and reduce the oil ageing effect. It is therefore possible that future low emission engines, using high levels of full load EGR, may not produce the levels of soot seen in this study and therefore may have no EGR wear problems for the piston ring and liner.&lt;/div&gt;
Plasma concentrations and ocular effects of cyclopentolate after ocular application of three formulations. (1993)

1. Eight volunteers received in randomized order two 30 microliters drops of either 1% w/v cyclopentolate hydrochloride or a corresponding amount of cyclopentolate polygalacturonate in saline or in acetate buffer in one eye. Cyclopentolate concentrations in plasma were measured by a radioreceptor assay. 2. Peak plasma drug concentrations of about 3 ng ml-1 occurred within 30 min after all formulations. Occasionally, a second concentration peak in plasma, probably reflecting drug absorption from the gastrointestinal tract, was seen after 2 h. The mean elimination half-life of cyclopentolate was 111 min when all subjects and formulations were considered together. There were no statistically significant differences between the formulations with respect to the time-course of plasma drug concentration. 3. The maximal mydriatic effect was reached within about 15 min and was maintained for several hours, often being 1/3 of its peak value after 30 h. Similarly, an intense cycloplegic response was achieved within a few minutes, the peak changes in the near-point of vision being 9 to 10 dioptres. The cycloplegic response was more intense after one of the polygalacturonate complexes, especially at later time points.
Solids from Wet Limestone Scrubbing of Power Plant Stack Gases (1973)

Optical and scanning electron microscopic examinations were made of the solids in aqueous suspensions of crushed limestone that had been used to scrub sulfur oxides from power plant stack gas. Most of the sulfur was recovered as CaSO3 0.5H2O which formed small thin plates that settled slowly; the relatively small amount of gypsum, CaSO4 · 2H2O, that was formed was present as massive crystals that settled rapidly. Scaling was encountered in significant amount only on the mist eliminator which had been washed periodically with the supernatant solution from which the solids had been settled. The scale was composed principally of massive gypsum crystals, but the plastic surfaces on which scale had formed were covered with a fine-grained mixture of fly ash and calcium sulfite that acted as the nucleating surface for the gypsum. The fly ash in the scrubber solids was present mostly as spheres, and these acted only as inert diluents of the solids.
Characterization of neuroepithelial progenitor cells in patients with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (2011)

Abstract Purpose Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is an important cause of retinal diseases such as retinal detachment (RD). In lower vertebrates, retinal damage is known to activate neuroepithelial stem cells (NSCs) in the ciliary margin in an attempt to regenerate the neuroretina. Cells expressing some markers of NSCs are also present in the retina and the ciliary body epithelium (CB) of the adult human eye. We hypothesized that if NSCs exist in the adult human eye, they should be activated by PVR formation. Methods Cells isolated from vitreous samples (n=25) obtained during vitrectomies for RD were directly fixed or cultured in a stem cell‐promoting medium, and compared to cells isolated from post mortem CB and peripheral retina (PR) using sphere‐forming assay, immunohistochemistry, molecular biology and electron microscopy. Markers of NSCs were also studied in whole retinal control/PVR sections obtained from enucleations. Results Spheres formed in 7/10 vitreous samples from patients with PVR compared to 2/15 samples from patients with no known PVR. These spheres stained for markers of NSCs both in vivo and after repetitive passages. Their mRNA and immunohistochemical profile resembled sphere‐forming cells from the PR with only a few characteristics of CB cells. In situ characterization of the CB revealed that although there were higher numbers of dividing cells in PVR eyes than in controls, we did not detect markers of NSCs. Interestingly, markers of NSCs were evident around PR cysts with some evidence of activation following PVR formation. Conclusion A population of NSC‐like cells are found in the vitreous of patients with PVR. These cells seem to be originated from the retina itself and not the CB.
FXPAL collaborative exploratory video search system (2008)

This paper describes FXPAL's collaborative, exploratory interactive video search application. We introduce a new approach to information retrieval: algorithmic mediation in support of intentional, synchronous collaborative exploratory search. Using our system, two or more users with a common information need search together, simultaneously. The collaborative system provides tools, user interfaces and, most importantly, algorithmically-mediated retrieval to focus, enhance and augment the team's search and communication activities.
Electrophoretic light scattering studies on the interaction of fibrinogen with resting and activated human platelets (1993)

The interaction of the platelet surface with agonist or adhesive molecules can modify the platelet surface charge and thus its electrophoretic mobility. Electrophoretic quasi elastic light scattering (ELS) is a technique that permits the rapid and accurate determination of electrophoretic mobility of platelets. ELS was used to study changes in the platelet electrophoretic mobility induced by platelet activation and by fibrinogen binding. The platelet electrophoretic mobility decreases from -2 (mu-cm)/(V-s) to -0.5 (mu-cm)/(V-s) when the platelet is activated with either 1 microM ADP, 10 microM epinephrine or 0.5 NIH U/ml alpha-thrombin. Aspirin inhibits the ADP induced platelet activation and surface charge reduction. Thrombin overcomes the aspirin inhibition indication that the platelet surface charge reduction is associated with platelet activation. The magnitude of the decrease in the platelet electrophoretic mobility varies with the platelet donor and the extent of platelet activation. Platelet activation enhances the fibrinogen induced surface charge reduction, which is consistent with fibrinogen binding. Thus, ELS is shown to be a sensitive means to directly assess platelet activation and ligand binding.
Knowledge Worker Productivity (2011)

Mobile wireless computing is changing the way in which people work, allowing work to occur in a broad range of environments on tasks that previously required fixed location-based, networked computing environments. Along with this greater work flexibility, it is also likely that these mobile work environments contain various types of distractions that could potentially affect the task performance of knowledge workers. Drawing on distraction-conflict theory, this research proposes a model of knowledge worker task performance within the context of a mobile wireless work environment. To test this model, a controlled laboratory experiment was conducted that contrasted task complexity and distraction levels on the task performance of individuals within a mobile wireless environment. Results indicate that regardless of task complexity, productivity losses will occur under both lower and higher levels of distraction. The implications of these results for future research and for the deployment of mobile technologies within organizations are discussed.
Event-Triggered Guarantee Cost Control for Partially Unknown Stochastic Systems via Explorized Integral Reinforcement Learning Strategy (2022)

In this article, an integral reinforcement learning (IRL)-based event-triggered guarantee cost control (GCC) approach is proposed for stochastic systems which are modulated by randomly time-varying parameters. First, with the aid of the RL algorithm, the optimal GCC (OGCC) problem is converted into an optimal zero-sum game by solving a modified Hamilton-Jacobin-Isaac (HJI) equation of the auxiliary system. Moreover, in order to address the stochastic zero-sum game, we propose an on-policy IRL-based control approach involved by the multivariate probabilistic collocation method (MPCM), which can accurately predict the mean value of uncertain functions with randomly time-varying parameters. Furthermore, a novel GCC method, which combines the explorized IRL algorithm and MPCM, is designed to relax the restriction of knowing the system dynamics for the class of stochastic systems. On this foundation, for the purpose of reducing computation cost and avoiding the waste of resources, we propose an event-triggered GCC approach involved with explorized IRL and MPCM by utilizing critic-actor-disturbance neural networks (NNs). Meanwhile, the weight vectors of three NNs are updated simultaneously and aperiodically according to the designed triggering condition. The ultimate boundedness (UB) properties of the controlled systems have been proved by means of the Lyapunov theorem. Finally, the effectiveness of the developed GCC algorithms is illustrated via two simulation examples.
GCN5 Protects Vertebrate Cells against UV-irradiation via Controlling Gene Expression of DNA Polymerase η (2012)

By UV-irradiation, cells are subjected to DNA damage followed by mutation, cell death and/or carcinogenesis. DNA repair systems such as nucleotide excision repair (NER) and translesion DNA synthesis (TLS) protect cells against UV-irradiation. To understand the role of histone acetyltransferase GCN5 in regulation of DNA repair, we studied the sensitivity of GCN5-deficient DT40, GCN5(-/-), to various DNA-damaging agents including UV-irradiation, and effects of GCN5-deficiency on the expression of NER- and TLS-related genes. After UV-irradiation, cell death and DNA fragmentation of GCN5(-/-) were appreciably accelerated as compared with those of DT40. Interestingly, GCN5(-/-) showed a remarkable sensitivity to only UV-irradiation but not to other DNA-damaging agents tested. Semiquantitative RT-PCR showed that transcription of DNA polymerase η (POLH) gene whose deficiency is responsible for a variant form of xeroderma pigmentosum was drastically down-regulated in GCN5(-/-) (to ∼25%). In addition, ectopic expression of human POLH in GCN5(-/-) dramatically reversed the sensitivity to UV-irradiation of GCN5(-/-) to almost the same level of wild type DT40. Moreover, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed that GCN5 binds to the chicken POLH gene 5'-flanking region that contains a typical CpG island and acetylates Lys-9 of histone H3, but not Lys-14 in vivo. These data suggest that GCN5 takes part in transcription regulation of POLH gene through alterations in the chromatin structure by direct interaction with its 5'-flanking region, and protects vertebrate cells against UV-induced DNA damage via controlling POLH gene expression.
Perturbation of cultured human vascular endothelial cells by phorbol ester or thrombin alters the cellular von Willebrand factor distribution (1987)

We have studied the influence of perturbation of cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells on the distribution of the von Willebrand factor. As shown previously, short-term (less than 1 hr) treatment of endothelial cells with the phorbol ester 4 beta-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) or thrombin resulted in the release of cellular stored von Willebrand factor. Long-term treatment with PMA or thrombin evoked a distinct change in the endothelial cell distribution of von Willebrand factor, evident 24 to 48 hrs after exposure. Whereas the contents of the von Willebrand factor storage sites in the cells were gradually restored within 48 hrs, enhanced amounts of von Willebrand factor were secreted into the medium. However, PMA did not increase the endothelial cell contents of mRNA encoding for von Willebrand factor. The number as well as the size of von Willebrand factor storage granules in the endothelial cells increased after exposure to the phorbol ester, as determined by immunofluorescence microscopy. A second treatment with PMA or thrombin, 48 hrs after cells had been stimulated with these agents, resulted again in the instantaneous release of von Willebrand factor. PMA and thrombin caused a decrease in the von Willebrand factor contents of the extracellular matrix. Pulse-chase experiments revealed that PMA blocked the deposition of von Willebrand factor in the subendothelium, whereas PMA did not affect the degradation of matrix von Willebrand factor. Thus, perturbation of endothelial cells changes the cellular distribution of von Willebrand factor.
Die Quantifizierung von Koronarkalk auf Grundlage virtuell nativer Rekonstruktionen aus koronaren CT-Angiographien an einem Photon-Counting Detektor CT (2022)

Zielsetzung Evaluation der Verwendung virtueller nativer (VNC) Rekonstruktionen aus koronaren CT-Angiographie-Datensätzen (CCTA) eines Photon-Counting-Detector-CT (PCD-CT) für die Quantifizierung von Koronarkalk.
Evaluation of HeadTurn (2016)

Smart glasses equipped with eye tracking technology could be utilized to develop natural interaction techniques. They could be used to conveniently interact with an electronic appliance in the environment from a distance. We describe a technique, HeadTurn, that allows a user to look at a device and then control it by turning the head to the left or right. We evaluated HeadTurn using an interface that linked head turning to increasing or decreasing of a number shown on a display. The task was to adjust then number to a given value. We studied the optimal rate at which number should change once the angle of head turn exceed a predefined threshold. We varied the rate of change of the number (217, 290, and 435ms per change) and the feedback (visual, haptic+visual). In the haptic condition, a 20 millisecond vibration was given through vibrating eye glass frame with each number change. Participants completed number selections faster with shorter intervals but also overshot the target more often. Seven out of 12 participants preferred the middle number changing speed (i.e., 290 ms). There were no statistically significant differences in task completion times. The optimal change rate of the numbers seems to be a compromise between faster selection and overshooting. Haptic feedback made the interaction slightly faster but the difference was not significant. The participants rated their experience with the technique as positive in general.
Work related stressful life events and the risk of myocardial infarction. Case-control and case-crossover analyses within the Stockholm heart epidemiology programme (SHEEP) (2005)

Study objectives: Recent changes in labour market conditions and in the organisation of work in developed societies have increased exposure to work related stress. The question is whether this also implies an increased risk of myocardial infarction, either through the triggering effect of …
Effects of lycorine on HL‐60 cells via arresting cell cycle and inducing apoptosis (2004)

As a natural anti-cancer alkaloid extracted from Amaryllidaceae, lycorine shows various biological effects on tumor cells. The survival rate of HL-60 cells exposed to lycorine was decreased in a dose-dependent manner with 1 microM as the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50), cell growth was slowed down by arresting cell cycle at G2/M phase, and cell regeneration potential was inhibited. HL-60 cells exhibited typical apoptotic morphological changes, apoptotic DNA "ladder" pattern, and sub-G1 peak in cell phase distribution, showing apoptosis of HL-60 cells. To further understand the apoptotic molecular mechanism of lycorine on HL-60 cells, caspase activity was tested by colorimetric assay, and the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins was examined by Western blotting. The increase of caspase-8, -9, -3 activities demonstrated that caspase was a key mediator of apoptotic pathways induced by lycorine. Under-expression of Bcl-2 and increase of Bax:Bcl-2 ratio showed that Bcl-2 family proteins were involved in apoptosis. Our finding suggests that lycorine can suppress leukemia growth and reduce cell survival via arresting cell cycle and inducing apoptosis of tumor cells.
Comparison of Histone H3K4me3 between IVF and ICSI Technologies and between Boy and Girl Offspring (2021)

Epigenetics play a vital role in early embryo development. Offspring conceived via assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) have a three times higher risk of epigenetic diseases than naturally conceived children. However, investigations into ART-associated placental histone modifications or sex-stratified analyses of ART-associated histone modifications remain limited. In the current study, we carried out immunohistochemistry, chip-sequence analysis, and a series of in vitro experiments. Our results demonstrated that placentas from intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), but not in vitro fertilization (IVF), showed global tri-methylated-histone-H3-lysine-4 (H3K4me3) alteration compared to those from natural conception. However, for acetylated-histone-H3-lysine-9 (H3K9ac) and acetylated-histone-H3-lysine-27 (H3K27ac), no significant differences between groups could be found. Further, sex -stratified analysis found that, compared with the same-gender newborn cord blood mononuclear cell (CBMC) from natural conceptions, CBMC from ICSI-boys presented more genes with differentially enriched H3K4me3 (<i>n</i> = 198) than those from ICSI-girls (<i>n</i> = 79), IVF-girls (<i>n</i> = 5), and IVF-boys (<i>n</i> = 2). We also found that varying oxygen conditions, RNA polymerase II subunit A (Polr2A), and lysine demethylase 5A (KDM5A) regulated H3K4me3. These findings revealed a difference between IVF and ICSI and a difference between boys and girls in H3K4me3 modification, providing greater insight into ART-associated epigenetic alteration.
Implantable defibrillator electrode comparison using a boundary element model (2002)

The efficacy of six implantable defibrillator electrode configurations was compared using a boundary element model that incorporated a realistic thorax with detailed internal structure. Configurations 1-3 consisted of an (inferior) endocardial electrode positioned in the right ventricle (RV) together with a (superior) endocardial electrode positioned high or low in the superior vena cava (SVC) or in the pulmonary artery (PA). Configurations 4-6 were the same as 1-3 but with the addition of a subcutaneous (SQ) patch electrode on the left chest wall. The energy used to achieve minimum voltage gradients of 5 V/cm was much lower for configurations 4-6 with the SQ patch (2.9-3.8 J). Without the SQ patch, the PA electrode used less energy (10.3 J) than low (12.4) and high SVC (15.1). The subcutaneous patch results in substantial reductions in required voltage and energy for implantable defibrillators.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Applications of Sequence to Sequence Models for Technical Support Automation (2018)

Juniper Networks, Inc. offers hardware products and software services to its enterprise customers. Due to the nature of it's business, Juniper Networks, Inc. is deeply invested in providing the best customer support and as part of the support automation team, our goal is to optimize the company's efforts towards it. For this purpose, alongside other initiatives, we leverage deep learning based sequence to sequence models wherever we see fit. In this paper, we discuss two such models: a conversational chatbot to help answer some technical questions for our customers, and a text summarizer to condense the large text in our support tickets and other articles. These two models are designed using bi-directional recurrent neural network (Bi-RNN) architectures for content understanding and were customized to fit the domain-specific nature of our data. First, we discuss our efforts towards data preparation. Then, we explain our model design, customization and evaluation mechanisms. Finally, we provide the preliminary results and share the potential impact our models will have on our business. Our initial results have BLEU score of 0.21 for text summarizer which is 16% better than our baseline model. Our chatbot passed the eye-tests of our subject matter experts.
Ontogenetic Changes in Visual Sensitivity of The Parasitic Salmon Louse Lepeophtheirus Salmonis (2000)

The salmon louse, Lepeophtheirus salmonis, is an ectoparasitic copepod of salmonid fishes whose life cycle involves two broadly defined, free-living larval stages, the nauplius and the copepodid. After settling on a host, the copepodid goes through various transformations to become a mobile adult. We recorded swimming responses of free-swimming salmon lice at the naupliar, copepodid and adult stages to the onset (ON) and offset (OFF) of lights of varying spectral irradiance and polarization. Nauplii showed a prominent swim-up OFF response across the spectrum 352-652 nm, but no ON response. Copepodids exhibited a swim-up ON response and a passive (sinking) OFF response across the same spectral range. Adults showed active swim-up responses to both ON and OFF stimuli, although the OFF response was proportionately stronger. The spectral range of the adult ON and OFF responses was the same as that of the copepodids and slightly greater than that of the nauplii, which did not exhibit responses at 652 nm. The absolute sensitivity of copepodids under white light (approx. 10(-13) photons m(2) s(1)) was higher than that of nauplii (approx. 10(-17) photons(-1) m(2 )s, OFF response) and that of adult female lice (approx. 10(-14) photons(-1)m(2)s). This suggests that the naupliar visual system is best suited for detection of shadows (e.g. the host) under a bright light field (daylight hours), while copepodids and adults may be more specialized for host detection at crepuscular periods and during the night, when light levels are low. None of the developmental stages responded to the rotation of the plane of polarized light or exhibited any difference in directed response when polarized light was used in place of diffuse light.