gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of high lateral resolution secondary-ion mass spectrometry to characterize self-assembled monolayers on microfabricated structures (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUse of high lateral resolution secondary-ion mass spectrometry to characterize self-assembled monolayers on microfabricated structuresC. Daniel Frisbie, John R. Martin, Ronald R. Duff Jr., and Mark S. WrightonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 18, 7142–7145Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00044a028https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00044a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views152Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
<title>Effect of temperature gradient on sintering kinetics of doped silica waveguides by flame hydrolysis deposition</title> (1993)

Sintering kinetics play an important role in determining the structural and optical properties of silica based planar waveguides fabricated by flame hydrolysis deposition. Despite the fabrication process being a modification of the vapor-phase axial deposition method for the fabrication of optical fiber preforms, the planar deposition suffers from critical restrictions in sintering temperature range and gradients imposed by the presence of the substrate. Moreover, the planar sintering process, evolving as it does on a substrate, behaves quite differently from the isotropic case of the fiber preform. This results in further problems such as the viscosity- slowed coalescence of the soot and the unreleased stress of the deposited layer after the consolidation process. These problems, which are absent in the fabrication of fiber preform, govern the reliability and repeatability of the planar fabrication process. Extensive literature exists dealing with the sintering of fiber preform fabricated by flame hydrolysis, but not with regard to the fabrication of planar waveguides. We report on the influence of the temperature range and gradient on the evolution of the sintering of P<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5</SUB>-doped silica planar films and its consequences on the dopant incorporation. An optimum sintering process has been determined which guarantees bubble free, low loss waveguides, prevents the warping of the substrate and yields the desired refractive index by inhibiting the volatilization of the silica dopant.
Gene Expression Profiling of Transporters in the Solute Carrier and ATP-Binding Cassette Superfamilies in Human Eye Substructures (2012)

The barrier epithelia of the cornea and retina control drug and nutrient access to various compartments of the human eye. While ocular transporters are likely to play a critical role in homeostasis and drug delivery, little is known about their expression, localization and function. In this study, the mRNA expression levels of 445 transporters, metabolic enzymes, transcription factors and nuclear receptors were profiled in five regions of the human eye: cornea, iris, ciliary body, choroid and retina. Through RNA expression profiling and immunohistochemistry, several transporters were identified as putative targets for drug transport in ocular tissues. Our analysis identified SLC22A7 (OAT2), a carrier for the antiviral drug acyclovir, in the corneal epithelium, in addition to ABCG2 (BCRP), an important xenobiotic efflux pump, in retinal nerve fibers and the retinal pigment epithelium. Collectively, our results provide an understanding of the transporters that serve to maintain ocular homeostasis and which may be potential targets for drug delivery to deep compartments of the eye.
Partial Order Reduction for Timed Circuit Verification Based on Level Oriented Model (2003)

SUMMARY Using a level oriented model for verification of asynchronous circuits helps users to easily construct formal models with high readability or to naturally model data-path circuits. On the other hand, in order to use such a model for larger circuit, some technique to avoid the state explosion problem is essential. This paper first defines a level oriented formal model based on time Petri nets, and then proposes a partial order reduction algorithm that prunes unnecessary state generation while guaranteeing the correctness of the verification.
Evaluation of Acellular Dermal Graft (AlloDerm) Sheet for Soft Tissue Augmentation (2001)

AlloDerm sheets seem to provide stable soft tissue augmentation after an early period of resorption and are clearly superior to Zyplast injections for long-term, large-volume, soft tissue correction. Recommendations for clinical use include routine overcorrection, with subsequent augmentation delayed by at least 6 months.
Echocardiography in the Emergency Room (1995)

Echocardiography in the emergency room presents exciting practice possibilities that can facilitate prompt and reliable diagnostic evaluations in patients with suspected cardiovascular emergencies. Echocardiography has the diagnostic potentials to evaluate the entire spectrum of cardiovascular abnormalities short of delineating coronary anatomy and evaluation of the conduction system. By reliably assessing the global and regional function, visualizing the cardiovascular structures from multiple tomographic planes, and quantitating hemodynamic abnormalities, echocardiography should be able to assist emergency room physician's evaluation and triage of the patients with chest pain syndrome, unexplained dyspnea, hypotension, shock, chest trauma, and cardiac arrest, whereby hopefully minimizing the unnecessary admission to the hospital and facilitating inhospital evaluation of the admitted patients with echocardiographic information. However, the optimal echocardiography practice in the emergency room requires well trained sonographers and echocardiographers who can respond to the clinical needs at anytime. Whether an emergency room physician can perform and interpret echocardiographic examinations satisfactorily will depend on his/her level of training and continuing education in this area. Currently, there is no established guideline for performing echocardiography in the emergency room. Further clinical investigations are necessary to define the most optimal and economical utilization of this versatile imaging and hemodynamic diagnostic modality in the emergency room.
In Vitro Model for Studying Malignancy Associated Changes (2002)

Malignancy associated changes (MAC) can be defined as subtle morphological and physiologic changes that are found in ostensibly normal cells of patients harboring malignant disease. It has been postulated that MAC have a potential to become a useful tool in detection, diagnosis and prognosis of malignant diseases. An in vitro cell culture model system was designed to study interactions between non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the normal bronchial epithelium of the human respiratory tract in vivo to see if the MAC-like phenomenon can be detected in such a system. In this study we examined changes in nuclear features of normal human bronchial epithelial cells (NHBE) when they were co-cultured with cells derived from a lung cancer cell line NCI-H460. Using discriminant function analysis, nuclear features were determined which allow maximal discrimination between normal cells incubated with or without cancerous cells. Our results demonstrate that MAC appear to be specific to changes induced by malignancy, and that these changes differ from those induced by growth factors in the serum. This study provides evidence in support to the hypothesis that MAC are induced by a soluble factor(s) released by malignant cells. Colour figure can be viewed on http://www.esacp.org/acp/2003/25-2/sun.htm
High-Resolution Homozygosity Mapping Is a Powerful Tool to Detect Novel Mutations Causative of Autosomal Recessive RP in the Dutch Population (2011)

This report demonstrates that homozygosity mapping is a powerful tool for identifying the genetic defect underlying genetically heterogeneous recessive disorders like RP, even in populations with little consanguinity.
Design and Evaluation of a CMOS Image Sensor with Dual-CDS and Column-parallel SS-ADCs (2017)

This paper describes a CMOS image sensor (CIS) with dual correlated double sampling (CDS) and column-parallel analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and its measurement method using a fieldprogrammable gate array (FPGA) integrated module. The CIS is composed of a 320 x 240 pixel array with 3.2 μm x 3.2 μm pixels and column-parallel 10-bit single-slope ADCs. It is fabricated in a 0.11-μm CIS process, and consumes 49.2 mW from 1.5 V and 3.3 V power supplies while operating at 6.25 MHz. The measured dynamic range is 53.72 dB, and the total and column fixed pattern noise in a dark condition are 0.10% and 0.029%. The maximum integral nonlinearity and the differential nonlinearity of the ADC are +1.15 / -1.74 LSB and +0.63 / -0.56 LSB, respectively.
VQA: Visual Question Answering (2015)

We propose the task of free-form and open-ended Visual Question Answering (VQA). Given an image and a natural language question about the image, the task is to provide an accurate natural language answer. Mirroring real-world scenarios, such as helping the visually impaired, both the questions and answers are open-ended. Visual questions selectively target different areas of an image, including background details and underlying context. As a result, a system that succeeds at VQA typically needs a more detailed understanding of the image and complex reasoning than a system producing generic image captions. Moreover, VQA is amenable to automatic evaluation, since many open-ended answers contain only a few words or a closed set of answers that can be provided in a multiple-choice format. We provide a dataset containing ~0.25M images, ~0.76M questions, and ~10M answers (www.visualqa.org), and discuss the information it provides. Numerous baselines for VQA are provided and compared with human performance.
A new kinematic criterion for vortex ring pinch-off (2021)

This study lays out a methodology whereby conditions necessary for a vortex ring to separate from the shear flow can be identified by a relationship between characteristic velocities of the jet and the vortex ring along the axis of symmetry. This criterion identifies pinch-off to take place when the velocity induced at the origin of the forming vortex ring surpasses the maximum feeding velocity along the centerline, defined to be twice the piston velocity. A strategy for determining these characteristic velocities purely from the jet driving programs (i.e., without direct knowledge of the state of the leading vortex ring) is presented. A variety of jet driving conditions, including different nozzle geometries (converging radial velocity) and different jet velocity programs, are examined to validate the relationship between pinch-off and the characteristic velocities. These parameters are examined and adjusted independently of each other so that the effect of each jetting parameter can be observed independently. Nozzles which induce a converging radial velocity decrease the jet formation number to approximately two (for nearly constant velocity programs), due to the large increase in vorticity flux without increasing volume flux. Accelerating the jet velocity to compensate for the growing vortex ring substantially increases the formation number of both parallel and converging jet flows. The new centerline velocity criterion coincided very closely with vortex ring pinch-off for all cases tested, validating this criterion as a predictive tool.
Examination of Supplemental Driver Training and Online Basic Driver Education (2012)

This report describes supplemental driver training programs and online basic driver education. It coves supplemental driver training that focused on knowledge and skills beyond those normally found in traditional driver education delivered in the United States and in other countries. It also reviewed online basic driver education programs that were approved or accepted in at least one U.S. State to replace the standard driver education classroom requirement in the driver licensing process. Fifty-six supplemental programs provided information for the United States study, and 59 provided information for the international study. There were many similarities among the supplemental programs with most programs covering the same topics using similar training techniques. Venues of the programs and intended target audience tended to be different. Case studies of representative programs provided in-depth information for all three studies. Program providers universally felt that their efforts were increasing driver safety, although no formal evaluations were identified to support their claims. There was virtually no oversight of the supplemental programs for a variety of reasons. Forty unique online basic driver education providers furnished information about their programs. State personnel in 14 of the 15 States that accepted online driver education provided information from their point of view. Most online programs covered the same topics, but the level of student engagement varied, ranging from none to active interaction with an instructor. Many of the 14 States were unable to provide significant oversight of the programs for various reasons, which may have contributed to the variations in program engagement levels. There is an absence of significant oversight and regulation of the training programs and a need for formal scientific evaluations of the effects of both supplemental and online driver education on young driver safety.
Coexpression of CD4 and CD8 on peripheral blood T cells and lamina propria T cells in inflammatory bowel disease by two colour immunofluorescence and flow cytometric analysis. (1991)

Using two colour immunofluorescence with fluorescein isothiocyanate and phycoerythrin labelled monoclonal antibodies and multiparameter flow cytometry, we investigated the coexpression of CD4 and CD8 antigens on peripheral blood lymphocytes and lamina propria lymphocytes of patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease and normal control subjects. Both the absolute number and the proportion of peripheral blood CD4+, CD8+ cells in inflammatory bowel disease were small but significantly increased compared with those in normal control subjects. Peripheral blood lymphocytes activated with phytohaemagglutinin showed appreciably increased coexpression of CD4+, CD8+. These CD4, CD8 positive cells were large and granular. Thus the increased number of peripheral blood CD4+, CD8+ cells in inflammatory bowel disease suggests that chronic immune activation occurs not only in the active state of the disease but also in remission. The proportion of CD4+, CD8+ cells in the lamina propria was greater than in peripheral blood in normal subjects, suggesting chronic immune stimulation of the local immune system. This was also seen in patients with Crohn's disease or inactive ulcerative colitis. The proportion of CD4+, CD8+ cells was, however, significantly less in the lamina propria of patients with active ulcerative colitis. Whether this implies a possible defect in mucosal immunoregulation in active ulcerative colitis cannot be determined from these results.
Parallel Electrophoretic Analysis of Segmented Samples On Chip for High-Throughput Determination of Enzyme Activities (2010)

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) on microfabricated structures has achieved impressive sample throughput by combining fast separation speed and parallel operations. One obstacle to further increasing throughput has been lack of methods for loading and injecting individual samples at a rate that matches analysis speed. To address this issue, we have developed a microfluidic device in which samples stored as nanoliter volume plugs segmented by a fluorocarbon oil are introduced sequentially to an array of three electrophoresis channels. A microfluidic interface consisting of patterned surface chemistry and geometric restriction was used to extract samples from each segmented flow channel and transfer to the respective electrophoresis channel for separation. Fluorescence detection was achieved by imaging the chip using a fluorescence microscope equipped with a charge-coupled device. Characterization of the system shows that injection volume is controlled by sample plug volume, flow rate during introduction, and voltage applied to the electrophoresis channel. The system was tested for a GTPase assay. Peak area ratios of enzyme product and internal standard had 6% relative standard deviations. Cross-contamination between peaks was 7%. Throughput of 120 samples in 10 min was achieved. Further development of the system may allow application to high-throughput applications such as drug screening.
Behavioral imaging technology for modeling, analyzing, and visualizing social and communicative behavior (2015)

Computational sensing and modeling can play a key role in the measurement, analysis, and understanding of human behavior. We refer to this research area as Behavioral Imaging, by analogy to the medical imaging technologies that revolutionized internal medicine in the 20th century. We believe that a similar opportunity exists to create new capabilities for the quantitative understanding of behavior.
Geotechnical aspects of the 2016 Kaikōura earthquake on the South Island of New Zealand (2017)

The magnitude Mw7.8 ‘Kaikōura’ earthquake occurred shortly after midnight on 14 November 2016. This paper presents an overview of the geotechnical impacts on the South Island of New Zealand recorded during the post-event reconnaissance. Despite the large moment magnitude of this earthquake, relatively little liquefaction was observed across the South Island, with the only severe manifestation occurring in the young, loose alluvial deposits in the floodplains of the Wairau and Opaoa Rivers near Blenheim. The spatial extent and volume of liquefaction ejecta across South Island is significantly less than that observed in Christchurch during the 2010-2011 Canterbury Earthquake Sequence, and the impact of its occurrence to the built environment was largely negligible on account of the severe manifestations occurring away from the areas of major development. Large localised lateral displacements occurred in Kaikōura around Lyell Creek. The soft fine-grained material in the upper portions of the soil profile and the free face at the creek channel were responsible for the accumulation of displacement during the ground shaking. These movements had severely impacted the houses which were built close (within the zone of large displacement) to Lyell Creek. The wastewater treatment facility located just north of Kaikōura also suffered tears in the liners of the oxidation ponds and distortions in the aeration system due to ground movements. Ground failures on the Amuri and Emu Plains (within the Waiau Valley) were small considering the large peak accelerations (in excess of 1g) experienced in the area. Minor to moderate lateral spreading and ejecta was observed at some bridge crossings in the area. However, most of the structural damage sustained by the bridges was a result of the inertial loading, and the damage resulting from geotechnical issues were secondary.
Conventional magnetic shielding (1987)

A general review of conventional magnetic shielding is presented. Several possible definitions of the term 'shielding factor' are given, taking into account the ferromagnetic nature of shielding materials. An alternative treatment of single-layer axial shielding for a cylindrical shield is presented and compared to a previous approximation. A new algorithm for calculating multi-layer axial shielding factors is derived and shown to be an improvement on existing methods when applied to some assemblies, including one reported for the first time.
Antimetastatic activity induced by Clostridium butyricum and characterization of effector cells. (1993)

The effects of a bacterial vaccine, heat-killed Clostridium butyricum MII 588 cells, on the metastasis of B16-F10 melanoma in BDF1 mice was investigated. The vaccine stimulated natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxic activity against YAC-1 target cells, which peaked at 72 hr after the pretreatment, whereas maximum macrophage cytotoxic activity was obtained on days 9 to 11. These stimulated cytotoxic activities were also observed in B16-F10 tumor-bearing BDF1 mice. The important role of stimulated NK cells and/or macrophage in the antimetastatic effect was confirmed using Anti-asialo GM1 antibody, whole body x-ray irradiation and carrageenan treatment. In addition, the vaccine could induce a high titer of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), an important lymphokine which may account for a significant portion of its antimetastatic activity.
A Lumped-Circuit Model for a Triband Trapped Dipole Array-Part II: Stacked Arrays (2008)

Demands on emergency rf links have shown how important HF (330 MHz) communications can be for medium to long range. Efficient triband antennas have been developed and are quite popular for HF communications. In part 1, we described a lumped circuit model of the KLM 4-element KT-34A antenna. Here we consider its larger companion the 6-element KT-34XA and describe retuning the model for operation in the 10-, 15- and 20-m U.S. Army Military Affiliate Radio System (MARS) bands. We retune the parallel LC-circuits acting as traps and adjust the element lengths to obtain a MARSarray. A numerical model of this type of antenna is of interest to study antenna placement and the use of stacked arrays. We compare the radiation pattern of the 6-element KLM and MARS arrays and show examples for a stacked configuration over an imperfect ground plane. The model results for the individual arrays have the expected front and rear main beam angles but when stacked these angles change in a nonintuitive manner.
Brain trace elements in Pick's disease (1984)

The trace element content of the brain of two patients with Pick's disease examined postmortem was studied using instrumental neutron activation analysis. Results showed significant increases in chlorine, iron, manganese, sodium, and phosphorus and significant decreases in chromium, cesium, rubidium, and selenium and in the mean freeze-dried to wet-weight ratio for patients with Pick's disease compared with control patients. Brain zinc content was not elevated in the two patients, a finding that fails to support the hypothesis that elevated zinc levels play a role in the pathogenesis of Pick's disease.
Agent Orange-Induced Primary Cutaneous Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (PC-ALCL) of the Hand (2020)

Primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma (PC‐ALCL) is a CD30+ lymphoproliferative disorder of the skin. There are currently no case reports involving the presentation of Agent Orange-induced PC-ALCL of the hand, surgical excision, and follow-up treatment. We present a case of Agent Orange-induced PC-ALCL and the subsequent surgical management.