gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultra-Stable RF-Over-Fiber Transport in NASA Antennas, Phased Arrays and Radars (2014)

Research and development in ultra-stable RF transport in optical fibers in the late-1970s/early-1980s at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory led to successful field deployments in the three global sites of the NASA Deep Space Network which have been in continuous operation for the past three decades. This RF-over-fiber system underpinned critical tracking, navigation and communications functions for every deep space mission during this period and into the future. Successful operation of this system led to adoption of RF photonics as a fundamental infrastructure technology incorporated today in every deep space tracking antenna network and radio telescope worldwide. This RF-over-fiber system is also deployed in NASA's ground-based and space-borne planetary imaging and mapping radars. These systems were a predecessor to commercial RF-over-fiber networks which are key infrastructure components of today's cable and wireless industries. This paper provides an exposition of a number of NASA antennas, arrays and radar systems in which RF-over-fiber transport has played an enabling role.
Production of muons from heavy-flavour hadron decays at high transverse momentum in Pb–Pb collisions at sNN=5.02 and 2.76 TeV (2021)

Measurements of the production of muons from heavy-flavour hadron decays in Pb–Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 5.02 and 2.76 TeV using the ALICE detector at the LHC are reported. The nuclear modification factor $R_{AA}$ at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV is measured at forward rapidity (2.5 &lt; y &lt; 4) as a function of transverse momentum $p_T$ in central, semi-central, and peripheral collisions over a wide $p_T$ interval, 3 &lt; $p_T$ &lt;20 GeV/c, in which muons from beauty-hadron decays are expected to take over from charm as the dominant source at high $p_T$ ($p_T$ &gt; 7 GeV/c). The $R_{AA}$ shows an increase of the suppression of the yields of muons from heavy-flavour hadron decays with increasing centrality. A suppression by a factor of about three is observed in the 10% most central collisions. The $R_{AA}$ at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV is similar to that at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 2.76 TeV. The precise $R_{AA}$ measurements have the potential to distinguish between model predictions implementing different mechanisms of parton energy loss in the high-density medium formed in heavy-ion collisions. They place important constraints for the understanding of the heavy-quark interaction with the hot and dense QCD medium.
High‐affinity interleukin‐2 receptors on blood lymphocytes are decreased during active rheumatoid arthritis (1988)

The expression of receptors for interleukin-2 (IL-2R) was examined in patients with active or inactive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and in control subjects. Unstimulated blood lymphocytes from patients with active RA had increased levels of total IL-2R, as measured by Tac-positive cells, compared with the levels found in the other 2 groups. Mitogen-stimulated cells from patients with active RA expressed less IL-2R per cell, but the most striking feature was the failure to express high-affinity IL-2R. These changes could reflect persistent antigenic stimulation and explain the defective cell-mediated immunity in RA patients.
Defect detection and localization in orthotropic wood slabs by inversion of dynamic surface displacements (2008)

The nondestructive evaluation inversion and generalized force-mapping techniques developed and demonstrated for isotropic thin plates by Bucaro et al. [(2004). "Detection and localization of inclusions in plates using inversion of point actuated surface displacements," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 115, 201-206] are extended to the case of orthotropic plates. The extended techniques are applied to a finite-element generated numerical database for point excited wooden slabs with and without an internal defect at 5 and 10 kHz. Operation of the original isotropic algorithms on the wood surface displacements is shown to fail in recovering the uniform elastic parameters or in detecting and locating the defect. The new algorithms based on the wave equation for a thin, orthotropic plate successfully convert the surface displacements on the uniform wooden slab to elastic parameter maps which serve to detect and localize the defect in the flawed plate. The results, particularly at the higher frequency, indicate that the onset of failure in the thin plate approximation impacts both the inversion and the generalized force-mapping accuracy. However, in this case use of the inversion algorithm to obtain modified wave equation coefficients followed by operation of the force-mapping algorithm with these new parameters inserted is shown to successfully mitigate this effect.
Room-Temperature Photon-Number-Resolved Detection Using A Two-Mode Squeezer (2017)

We study the average coincidence-count signal at the output of a two-mode squeezing device with $|N\rangle\otimes|α\rangle$ as the two input modes. We show that the input photon-number can be resolved from the average coincidence counts. In particular, we show jumps in the average coincidence-count signal as a function of input photon-number $N$. Therefore, we propose that such a device may be deployed as photon-number-resolving detector at room temperature with high efficiency.
Solid State Bioconversion of Domestic Wastewater Treatment Plant Sludge into Compost by Screened Filamentous Fungi (2002)

Similar to other countries, Malaysia is facing problems of safe and environmental friendly disposal of domestic wastewater treatment plant (DWTP) sludge. None of the conventional disposal techniques is recognized as safe and environmental friendly. Solid state bioconversion (SSB) is emerging as a natural promising environmental friendly process. This microbial-based technique of organic wastes bioremediation is gaining greater public acceptance. This study has exploited the SSB technique to rejuvenate the compo sting process as a remedy for safe disposal and reuse of the Indah Water Konsortium (lWK) DWPT sludge. In this study isolation, screening and selection of compatible mixed fungal culture from relevant sources were followed by optimization of the SSB process. The SSB of IWK DWTP sludge into compost was examined and the compost was tested for crop growth. Six fungal strains Phanerochaete chrysosporium 2094, RW-PI 512, Trichoderma harzianums, T. harzianumc, Aspergillus versicolor and Mucor hiemalis were identified as sludge acclimatized and non-phytopathogenic among 33 members. The T. harzianums with P. chrysosporium 2094 (TIP), and T. harzianums with M. hiemalis (TIM) were selected as the best compatible mixed fungal cultures. Four factors were optimized based on superior production of biomass, total organic carbon (TOC) and soluble protein (SP) for both mixed cultures of SSB of the IWK DWTP sludge. These were CIN ratio 30:1, wheat flour (WF) as a cheap carbon source, pH 4.5 to 5 . 5 and rice straw (RS) as a bulking material. Higher microbial growth was obtained in RS compared to sawdust (SD) in SSB of the IWK DWTP sludge based on measurement of optical density, soluble protein and glucosamine. Significantly the lowest CIN ratio of 12.14 for TIP and 12.58 for TIM were achieved using RS in composting bin at 75 days. The lowest germination index of 33.43% for TIP and 39.4% for TIM were attained at 30 days. Then it rose to around 90% at 60 days using RS in compo sting bin. The suitable electrical conductivity (EC dS/m) values of 0.33 for TIP and 0.35 for TIM in SD, 1.41 for TIP and 1.49 for TIM were attained in RS at 75 days. The above facts support the production of stabilized composts. Comparatively, superior composts were produced by TIP around 50-60 days of SSB. Compost could provide 50% N requirement of optimal dose of com production. Around 65 to 100% higher dry matter production was attained by 50% compost plus 50% N treatment compared to control. Heavy metals uptake were low; whereby the composts of the IWK DWTP sludge contained average 30 times lower than the USA standard limit. The SSB is potentially capable of natural friendly biodegradation of the IWK DWTP sludge into compost with significant reduction of moisture and volume, which have an excellent use for organic farming. It will open a new route of final safe disposal of the IWK DWTP sludge.
Independent power supply for commercial vehicle trailers (2013)

This work was motivated by the need to provide electric power to commercial trailers during phases when they are disconnected from their tractor vehicles. The obvious approach to use batteries is not recommended owing to their unsatisfactory energy density, service life and charging cycles. As an alternative, in this paper a pneumaticelectrical approach is proposed and analysed. The main points discussed are the system design and the control strategies required for an optimal energy conversion. The ideas proposed are applied to an electronically controlled air suspension system. Using a laboratory test bench, the main results are verified experimentally. Additional benefits, such as energy recuperation, are discussed. The theoretical considerations and the experimental results confirm that a pneumatic-electrical system is a promising option. Simple integration into the existing pneumatic system and, therefore, minimum weight and installation space, simple scalability to changing power demands, high quality of dynamic response and the ability to conform with the regulations for the transport of hazardous goods are some of the main advantages.
Empirical Analyses of Effects of the Heat Affected Zone and Post Weld Heat Treatment on Irradiation Embrittlement of Reactor Pressure Vessel Steel (2014)

An empirical data mining approach was employed to separate the effects of weld thermal cycles in the Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) and Post Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT) on Transition Temperature Shift (TTS) from other variables, using unirradiated and irradiated Charpy test data obtained from US RPV surveillance program results. HAZ data, which tend to have greater scatter due to microstructural variation in the HAZ, are separated into “high scatter” and “low scatter” categories to assess the effect of scatter on TTS trends. In general, the TTS behavior of the HAZ is comparable to the non-HAZ. However, the forging HAZ TTS diverges from the non-HAZ TTS as a function of copper content. This trend is also observed in the plate HAZ when looking at plate HAZ datasets with copper content and PWHT times less than forging copper content (≤0.16 wt. %) and PWHT time (≤20 h). Additionally, TTS of weld and HAZ materials increases with increased PWHT time. These trends are not well captured by modern embrittlement trend curves. For all but one heat evaluated herein, the irradiated transition temperatures of the HAZ are lower than those of the non-HAZ from the same heat in the same irradiated condition.
A Knock-In Mouse Model of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Harboring Kit K641E (2005)

A mouse model of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) has been developed by a knock-in gene targeting strategy, which introduced a Kit gene K641E mutation, originally identified in sporadic human GISTs and in the germ line of familial GIST syndrome patients. Homozygous and heterozygous Kit K641E mice develop gastrointestinal pathology with complete penetrance and all Kit K641E homozygotes die by age 30 weeks due to gastrointestinal obstruction by hyperplastic interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) or GISTs. Heterozygous mice have less extensive ICC hyperplasia and smaller GISTs, suggesting a dose-response relationship between oncogenically activated Kit and ICC proliferation. Immunoprecipitation and Western blotting reveal GISTs to contain abundant phosphorylated/activated Kit. In addition to ICC hyperplasia and GISTs, homozygous Kit K641E mice exhibit loss-of-function Kit phenotypes, including white coat color, decreased numbers of dermal mast cells, and sterility, indicating that despite its oncogenic activity the mutant form cannot accomplish many activities of the wild-type gene. Kit K641E reproduces the pathology associated with the familial GIST syndrome and thus is an excellent model to study Kit pathway activation, ICC biology, GIST pathogenesis, and preclinical validations of GIST therapies and mechanisms of drug resistance.
Artificially Edited Alleles of the Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 4E1 Gene Differentially Reduce Susceptibility to Cucumber Mosaic Virus and Potato Virus Y in Tomato (2020)

Eukaryotic translation initiation factors, including eIF4E, are susceptibility factors for viral infection in host plants. Mutation and double-stranded RNA-mediated silencing of tomato <i>eIF4E</i> genes can confer resistance to viruses, particularly members of the <i>Potyvirus</i> genus. Here, we artificially mutated the <i>eIF4E1</i> gene on chromosome 3 of a commercial cultivar of tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> L.) by using CRISPR/Cas9. We obtained three alleles, comprising two deletions of three and nine nucleotides (3DEL and 9DEL) and a single nucleotide insertion (1INS), near regions that encode amino acid residues important for binding to the mRNA 5' cap structure and to eIF4G. Plants homozygous for these alleles were termed 3DEL, 9DEL, and 1INS plants, respectively. In accordance with previous studies, inoculation tests with potato virus Y (PVY; type member of the genus <i>Potyvirus</i>) yielded a significant reduction in susceptibility to the N strain (PVY<sup>N</sup>), but not to the ordinary strain (PVY<sup>O</sup>), in 1INS plants. 9DEL among three artificial alleles had a deleterious effect on infection by cucumber mosaic virus (CMV, type member of the genus <i>Cucumovirus</i>). When CMV was mechanically inoculated into tomato plants and viral coat accumulation was measured in the non-inoculated upper leaves, the level of viral coat protein was significantly lower in the 9DEL plants than in the parental cultivar. Tissue blotting of microperforated inoculated leaves of the 9DEL plants revealed significantly fewer infection foci compared with those of the parental cultivar, suggesting that 9DEL negatively affects the initial steps of infection with CMV in a mechanically inoculated leaf. In laboratory tests, viral aphid transmission from an infected susceptible plant to 9DEL plants was reduced compared with the parental control. Although many pathogen resistance genes have been discovered in tomato and its wild relatives, no CMV resistance genes have been used in practice. RNA silencing of <i>eIF4E</i> expression has previously been reported to not affect susceptibility to CMV in tomato. Our findings suggest that artificial gene editing can introduce additional resistance to that achieved with mutagenesis breeding, and that edited <i>eIF4E</i> alleles confer an alternative way to manage CMV in tomato fields.
DocumentNet: Bridging the Data Gap in Document Pre-Training (2023)

Document understanding tasks, in particular, Visually-rich Document Entity Retrieval (VDER), have gained significant attention in recent years thanks to their broad applications in enterprise AI. However, publicly available data have been scarce for these tasks due to strict privacy constraints and high annotation costs. To make things worse, the non-overlapping entity spaces from different datasets hinder the knowledge transfer between document types. In this paper, we propose a method to collect massive-scale and weakly labeled data from the web to benefit the training of VDER models. The collected dataset, named DocumentNet, does not depend on specific document types or entity sets, making it universally applicable to all VDER tasks. The current DocumentNet consists of 30M documents spanning nearly 400 document types organized in a four-level ontology. Experiments on a set of broadly adopted VDER tasks show significant improvements when DocumentNet is incorporated into the pre-training for both classic and few-shot learning settings. With the recent emergence of large language models (LLMs), DocumentNet provides a large data source to extend their multi-modal capabilities for VDER.
Headway of Transformer Models in EMTDC/EMTP (2007)

The developments of transformer models in electromagnetic transients programs of EMTP/EMTDC are introduced in details. We show that different transformer models can result in different transients' phenomena. It is seen that UMEC model is more accurate for simulation on non-linear analysis than classical transformer models.
Exploring the effect of forest spatial heterogeneity using coherent three-dimensional radar backscattering model (2016)

Modeling natural forest is challenging since the vertical and horizontal structural heterogeneity of variations of tree height, scatter shape, and pattern resulted from different tree species, growth stage, and environmental variables. The heterogeneous effect of mix-scene is not well understood quantitative so far, which might cause substantial uncertainty in the soil moisture and biomass estimations. We investigated effects of trunk tilt, trunk tapering, existence of understory and mix-scenes of forest combined with grass by using a coherence 3D vegetation radar model, which is firstly parametrized and validated using the ground measurements and airborne P band SAR data at pine forest of Metolius, Oregon, USA, 2013-2014. The airborne SAR data and simulated data are in good agreement with mean difference less than 1dB and correlation coefficient above 0.96. The tilt angle from 0 to 10 degree can reduce the backscatter coefficient of 1.55dB and 1.03dB for HH and VV, respectively. Tapering of trunk causes the decrease of 2.54dB and 6.35dB for HH and VV polarizations. Simulations of several mix-scenes of the same tree and ground parameters but difference tree clumping patterns indicate the largest difference can up to 3dB of extreme tree clumping patterns.
A Practical Guide for Gas Turbine Performance Field and Test Data Analysis (1992)

This paper provides a simple method for correcting and analyzing the performance data from a simple cycle, two shaft gas turbine. This data may have been collected in a test cell, in the field or by a user who desires to closely monitor the performance of an engine.
Controlled Light Environment and Elevator Wagon for a Machine-Vision Sugarcane Sorting System : Hardware for Machine-Vision (2018)

This is a paper explaining the use, design, and implementation of two pieces of hardware being utilized in a sugarcane sorting system. One is a wagon in which the base can move up and down, thereby creating a constant height for the top piece of a pile. The second is a controlled light environment in which a color camera can take consistent detail-rich pictures.
Wound Bacteriology in the Philippines (1947)

Wound Bacteriology in the Philippines Robert E. Feeney Robert E. Feeney Formerly Captain, Sn.C., A.U.S. Now With the Western Regional Research Laboratory (Bureau of Agricultural and Industrial Chemistry, Agricultural Research Administration, U. S. Department of Agriculture), Albany, California Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Military Surgeon, Volume 100, Issue 6, June 1947, Pages 514–518, https://doi.org/10.1093/milmed/100.6.514 Published: 01 June 1947
Ultra-narrowband nonlinear wavelength conversion using coupled photonic crystal nanocavities (2013)

Narrowband optical parametric processes are important for applications such as optical parametric oscillators [1] and sources of single photons suitable for the storage in quantum memories [2]. For the strong nonlinear interaction, it is desirable to have nanostructures that support multiple resonances. Recently, a photonic crystal (PhC) cavity was specially designed to have multiple resonant frequencies with a good spatial mode overlap [3]. Meanwhile, by arraying PhC cavities under the nearest-neighbour coupling condition we can obtain split resonant frequencies whose Q values are as high as that of the single cavity [4]. The energy conservation law for the nonlinear interaction can be fulfilled comparatively easily between resonances at around the centre frequency of the split modes, where the resonant frequencies have regular intervals. Using this structure, we demonstrate a nonlinear wavelength conversion via stimulated four-wave mixing (FWM) with a bandwidth of 500 MHz.
ChemInform Abstract: Donor‐Acceptor‐Acceptor Purine Analogue: Transformation of 5‐Aza‐7‐ deaza‐1H‐isoguanine (= 4‐Aminoimidazo(1,2‐a)‐1,3,5‐triazin‐2(1H)‐one) to 2′‐Deoxy‐5‐aza‐7‐deaza‐isoguanosine Using Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Particle water and pH in the Eastern Mediterranean: sources variability and implications for nutrients availability (2015)

Abstract. Particle water (LWC) and aerosol pH drive the aerosol phase, heterogeneous chemistry and bioavailability of nutrients that profoundly impact cloud formation, atmospheric composition and atmospheric fluxes of nutrients to ecosystems. Few measurements of in-situ LWC and pH however exist in the published literature. Using concurrent measurements of aerosol chemical composition, cloud condensation nuclei activity and tandem light scattering coefficients, the particle water mass concentrations associated with the aerosol inorganic (Winorg) and organic (Worg) components are determined for measurements conducted at the Finokalia atmospheric observation station in the eastern Mediterranean between August and November 2012. These data are interpreted using the ISORROPIA-II thermodynamic model to predict pH of aerosols originating from the various sources that influence air quality in the region. On average, closure between predicted aerosol water and that determined by comparison of ambient with dry light scattering coefficients was achieved to within 8 % (slope = 0.92, R2 = 0.8, n = 5201 points). Based on the scattering measurements a parameterization is also derived, capable of reproducing the hygroscopic growth factor (f(RH)) within 15 % of the measured values. The highest aerosol water concentrations are observed during nighttime, when relative humidity is highest and the collapse of the boundary layer increases the aerosol concentration. A significant diurnal variability is found for Worg with morning and afternoon average mass concentrations being 10–15 times lower than nighttime concentrations, thus rendering Winorg the main form of particle water during daytime. The average value of total aerosol water was 2.19 ± 1.75 μg m−3, contributing on average up to 33 % of the total submicron mass concentration. Average aerosol water associated with organics, Worg, was equal to 0.56 ± 0.37 μg m−3, thus organics contributed about 27.5 % to the total aerosol water, mostly during early morning, late evening and nighttime hours. The aerosol was found to be highly acidic with calculated aerosol pH varying from 0.5 to 2.8 throughout the study period. Biomass burning aerosol presented the highest values of pH in the submicron fraction and the lowest values in total water mass concentration. The low pH values observed in the submicron mode and independently of air masses origin could increase nutrient availability and especially P solubility, which is the nutrient limiting sea water productivity of the eastern Mediterranean.