gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental economics methods in the large undergraduate classroom: Practical considerations (2004)

Since its emergence around mid-century, laboratory experimental economics has been widely recognized for introducing a new empirical research methodology rooted in the direct observation of human behavior. It is less well known that research in experimental economics has always gone hand in hand with its use as a pedagogical tool. A notable very early example is Harvard University professor E. H. Chamberlin’s classroom experiments with an “imperfect market” (1948). In the mid-1950s, Vernon Smith (1962) began conducting the first double-auction market experiments in his classes at Purdue University. Over the years, it has been increasingly common to find experimental researchers investigating alternative methods for integrating simple decision-making exercises into their classrooms, based on their experience with research experiments. The objective was to create vehicles for “hands on” experiential learning and thus make economic theory more
Toward Approximate Computing for Coarse-Grained Reconfigurable Architectures (2018)

This paper presents a methodology for designing an approximate coarse-grained reconfigurable architecture (X-CGRA), and its use for accelerating both error-resilient and error-sensitive applications. The output quality of the X-CGRA is manageable at the run-time for better performance and power/energy consumption tradeoffs. Results show up to 1.9× speedup and 2.3× lower energy consumption at the cost of 9.7% accuracy loss for the studied applications.
On-Chip Cell Sorting System Using Thermoreversible Gelation Polymer (2007)

We have developed a microfabricated fluorescence-activated cell sorter system using laminar flow of thermoreversible gelation polymer (TGP). The glass sorter chip consists of microchannels with two inlets for sample and buffer solutions, and two outlets for collection and waste of the specimen. A biological specimen containing fluorescently labeled cells, is mixed with a solution containing a TGP. The laminar flow of the mixed solution and buffer solution are then introduced into the sorter chip. The fluorescently labeled target cells were detected with sensitive fluorescence microscopy. In the absence of a fluorescence signal, the laminar flow of the specimen is directed into the waste channel. Upon detection of a fluorescence signal from the target cells, the sol-gel transformation was locally induced by site-directed infrared laser irradiation for the flow switching and for allowing the fluorescent cells to be channeled into the collection reservoir. The flow switching time of 100 ms was achieved. Using this system, we have demonstrated the sorting of Escherichia coli cells expressing fluorescent proteins. These cells were found to be viable after extraction from the sorting system, indicating no damage to the cells
Endovascular Approaches to Acute Stroke, Part 1: Drugs, Devices, and Data (2009)

Despite years of research and pioneering clinical work, stroke remains a massive public health concern. Since 1996, we have lived in the era of US Food and Drug Administration-approved intravenous (i.v.) recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA). This treatment, despite its promise, continues to exhibit its limitations. Endovascular therapy has several theoretic advantages over i.v. rtPA, including site specificity, longer treatment windows, and higher recanalization rates. In this article, we will review the various pharmacologic strategies for acute stroke treatment, providing both a historic context and the state of the art. The drugs will be classified on the basis of their theoretic rationale for therapy. Next, we will review the various devices and strategies for mechanical revascularization with an aim toward comprehensiveness. These range from wire disruption of thrombus to preclinical trials for novel mechanical solutions. This first installment of this 2-part series will end with an analysis of retrograde reperfusion techniques.
Therapeutic embolization for severe epistaxis. (1982)

Severe intractable epistaxis remains a therapeutic challenge for the otolaryngologist. Embolization would appear to add a valuable treatment modality in dealing with particular cases refractory to conventional management. In selective cases it may prove superior to surgical intervention because of repeated accessibility and circumvention of the problem of collateral internal maxillary artery flow. This paper presents three cases of epistaxis of unusual causes which were initially uncontrolled by conventional management. Each patient received preliminary selective carotid angiography followed by one of two different intra-arterial embolization methods. The results were effective and illustrate the potential adjunctive or primary role embolizing procedures have in dealing with uncontrolled epistaxis.
Machine Learning-Based Noninvasive Quantification of Single-Imaging Session Dual-Tracer 18F-FDG and 68Ga-DOTATATE Dynamic PET-CT in Oncology (2021)

<sup>68</sup>Ga-DOTATATE PET-CT is routinely used for imaging neuroendocrine tumor (NET) somatostatin receptor subtype 2 (SSTR2) density in patients, and is complementary to FDG PET-CT for improving the accuracy of NET detection, characterization, grading, staging, and predicting/monitoring NET responses to treatment. Performing sequential <sup>18</sup>F-FDG and <sup>68</sup>Ga-DOTATATE PET scans would require 2 or more days and can delay patient care. To align temporal and spatial measurements of <sup>18</sup>F-FDG and <sup>68</sup>Ga-DOTATATE PET, and to reduce scan time and CT radiation exposure to patients, we propose a single-imaging session dual-tracer dynamic PET acquisition protocol in the study. A recurrent extreme gradient boosting (rXGBoost) machine learning algorithm was proposed to separate the mixed <sup>18</sup>F-FDG and <sup>68</sup>Ga-DOTATATE time activity curves (TACs) for the region of interest (ROI) based quantification with tracer kinetic modeling. A conventional parallel multi-tracer compartment modeling method was also implemented for reference. Single-scan dual-tracer dynamic PET was simulated from 12 NET patient studies with <sup>18</sup>F-FDG and <sup>68</sup>Ga-DOTATATE 45-min dynamic PET scans separately obtained within 2 days. Our experimental results suggested an <sup>18</sup>F-FDG injection first followed by <sup>68</sup>Ga-DOTATATE with a minimum 5 min delayed injection protocol for the separation of mixed <sup>18</sup>F-FDG and <sup>68</sup>Ga-DOTATATE TACs using rXGBoost algorithm followed by tracer kinetic modeling is highly feasible.
Analysis of Genetic Diversity and Phylogeny of the Mitochondrial Cytochrome b Gene of Mongolian Horses and Mongolian Wild Horse (2014)

Genetic relationship and genetic diversity among Mongolian horses,Mongolian wild horse and donkeys were investigated by genetic variation analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome b(Cytb)gene sequence.mtDNACytb gene of all samples were detected by PCR amplification and then sequenced.The date was analyzed by modern molecular biology software and the analysis showed that 90polymorphic loci formed 15haplotypes and the haplotype diversity(Hd),nucleotide diversity(Pi)and average number of nucleotide differences(K)were 0.9356,0.01022and 8.966,respectively.Genetic differences between the groups were not obvious.By construction of phylogenetic tree and NETwork,the results indicated that genetic diversity of4kinds of Mongolia horse were higher,Mongolian horse and Mongolian wild horse had close relationship and appeared several branches,which explained that Mongolian horses originated multiply or had been domesticated many times.
Lymphocyte supernatant-induced human monocyte tumoricidal activity: dependence on the presence of gamma-interferon. (1985)

Recently, gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma) has been shown to be have the capacity to activate macrophages in several murine and human systems. The studies reported here were undertaken to determine the identity of the lymphokine responsible for activation of human monocytes to a tumoricidal state. Macrophage-activating factor (MAF) activity was assessed using a 24-h 51Cr release assay with human monocytes as effector cells and K-562 targets. Stimulated lymphocyte supernatants were produced by stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with concanavalin A in serum-free media. Interferon was detected in an antiviral assay. Four lines of evidence lead to the conclusion that MAF and IFN-gamma are identical in this system: (a) fractionation of stimulated lymphocyte supernatants by adsorption chromatography, followed by anion or cation exchange chromatography (Mono-S, Mono-Q columns), resulted in nearly identical elution profiles of MAF and IFN activities. All of the individual fractions containing MAF activity were found to contain IFN in amounts corresponding to MAF activity. (b) Monoclonal antibody specific for IFN-gamma neutralized the ability of stimulated lymphocyte supernatants to induce human monocyte tumoricidal activity. This antibody also neutralized the MAF activity of purified IFN-gamma but not alpha-interferon. (c) The biological MAF activity of activated lymphocyte supernatants and IFN-gamma were similar. Dilution versus MAF activity for IFN-gamma and stimulated lymphocyte supernatants exhibited identical slopes. Lymphocyte supernatants and IFN-gamma demonstrated similar MAF activity on three effector cells: monocytes, in vitro-differentiated macrophages, and dexamethasone-differentiated macrophages. (d) Analysis of supernatants produced by five antigen-stimulated human T-cell clones demonstrated coordinate production of MAF and IFN. These results provide compelling evidence for support of the concept that IFN-gamma is the major human lymphokine capable of inducing monocyte-macrophage tumoricidal activity.
Meta-Analysis for Explanation (1994)

The two introductory and two concluding chapters that enclose the four cases are well written and insightful. Chapter 1 presents a convincing case for the singular value of integrative reviews to produce more general knowledge of a phenomenon, including some knowledge of cause and effect. In doso, Cook et al. downplay the value of single studies, including true experiments, in yielding useful, full explanation. Chapter 2 presents epistemological views of the nature of explanation including types and important tasks of explanation. Chapter 7 provides an excellent summary of generic issues and problems for meta-analysis in general. Chapter 8 summarizes what has been learned about explanatory metaanalysis from the four cases and how meta-analysis might be improved. These four chapters are only loosely associated with the four meta-analyses presented and are sometimes brief in their treatment of methodological and analytical issues. In order to appreciate this approach, we suggest that the reader already possess a working knowledge of meta-analysis and be prepared to make active use of citations.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of A light-switchable gene promoter system. (2002)

Regulatable transgene systems providing easily controlled, conditional induction or repression of expression are indispensable tools in biomedical and agricultural research and biotechnology. Several such systems have been developed for eukaryotes. Most of these rely on the administration of either exogenous chemicals or heat shock. Despite the general success of many of these systems, the potential for problems, such as toxic, unintended, or pleiotropic effects of the inducing chemical or treatment, can impose limitations on their use. We have developed a promoter system that can be induced, rapidly and reversibly, by short pulses of light. This system is based on the known red light-induced binding of the plant photoreceptor phytochrome to the protein PIF3 and the reversal of this binding by far-red light. We show here that yeast cells expressing two chimeric proteins, a phytochrome-GAL4-DNA-binding-domain fusion and a PIF3-GAL4-activation-domain fusion, are induced by red light to express selectable or "scorable" marker genes containing promoters with a GAL4 DNA-binding site, and that this induction is rapidly abrogated by subsequent far-red light. We further show that the extent of induction can be controlled precisely by titration of the number of photons delivered to the cells by the light pulse. Thus, this system has the potential to provide rapid, noninvasive, switchable control of the expression of a desired gene to a preselected level in any suitable cell by simple exposure to a light signal. PMID: 12219076 Funding information This work was supported by: NIGMS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: GM47475
Selections for constituting new RNA-protein interactions in catalytic RNP (2003)

In vitro and in vivo selection techniques are developed to constitute new RNA-peptide interactions. The selection strategy is designed by employing a catalytic RNP consisting of a derivative of the Tetrahymena ribozyme and an artificial RNA-binding protein. An arginine-rich RNA-binding motif and its target RNA motif in the RNP are substituted with randomized sequences and used for the selection experiments. Previously unknown binding motifs are obtained and the newly established interactions have been indispensable for assembling a catalytically active RNP. The method employed in this study is useful for making customized self-splicing intron RNAs whose activity is regulated by protein cofactors.
Abscisic Acid Stimulates a Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinase in Grape Berry (2006)

It has been demonstrated that calcium plays a central role in mediating abscisic acid (ABA) signaling, but many of the Ca2+-binding sensory proteins as the components of the ABA-signaling pathway remain to be elucidated. Here we identified, characterized, and purified a 58-kD ABA-stimulated calcium-dependent protein kinase from the mesocarp of grape berries (Vitis vinifera x Vitis labrusca), designated ACPK1 (for ABA-stimulated calcium-dependent protein kinase1). ABA stimulates ACPK1 in a dose-dependent manner, and the ACPK1 expression and enzyme activities alter accordantly with the endogenous ABA concentrations during fruit development. The ABA-induced ACPK1 stimulation appears to be transient with a rapid effect in 15 min but also with a slow and steady state of induction after 60 min. ABA acts on ACPK1 indirectly and dependently on in vivo state of the tissues. Two inactive ABA isomers, (-)-2-cis, 4-trans-ABA and 2-trans, 4-trans-(+/-)-ABA, are ineffective for inducing ACPK1 stimulation, revealing that the ABA-induced effect is stereo specific to physiological active (+)-2-cis, 4-trans-ABA. The other phytohormones such as auxin indoleacetic acid, gibberellic acid, synthetic cytokinin N-benzyl-6-aminopurine, and brassinolide are also ineffective in this ACPK1 stimulation. Based on sequencing of the two-dimensional electrophoresis-purified ACPK1, we cloned the ACPK1 gene. The ACPK1 is expressed specifically in grape berry covering a fleshy portion and seeds, and in a developmental stage-dependent manner. We further showed that ACPK1 is localized in both plasma membranes and chloroplasts/plastids and positively regulates plasma membrane H+-ATPase in vitro, suggesting that ACPK1 may be involved in the ABA-signaling pathway.
Detection of drug effects on gastric emptying and contractility using a wireless motility capsule (2014)

A wireless motility capsule successfully detected acceleration of gastric emptying induced by erythromycin, and retardation of gastric motility caused by morphine. These results indicate that a wireless motility capsule is a promising technique to assess pharmacologic effects on gastric transit and contractility and aid in development of drugs for gastric motor disorders.
De novo gene and transcript models created for a gene expression atlas of the domestic water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) (2019)

The domestic water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) makes a major contribution to the global agricultural economy in the form of milk, meat, hides and draught power. The global water buffalo population is predominantly found in Asia, and per head of population more people depend upon the buffalo than on any other livestock species. Despite its agricultural importance, there are comparatively fewer genomic and transcriptomic resources available for buffalo than for other livestock species. We have generated a large-scale gene expression atlas covering multiple tissue and cell types from all major organ systems collected from three breeds of riverine water buffalo (Mediterranean, Pandharpuri and Bhadawari), and used the network analysis tool Graphia Professional to identify clusters of genes with similar expression profiles. Alongside similar data we and others have generated for ruminants as part of the Functional Annotation of Animal Genomes Consortium, this comprehensive transcriptome supports functional annotation and comparative analysis of the water buffalo genome. This dataset contains, in GTF format, the full set of gene and transcript models assembled across all tissues and cell types comprising the water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) expression atlas.
Detection of Light (2002)

Detection of Light provides a comprehensive overview of the important approaches to photon detection from the ultraviolet to the submillimeter spectral regions. This expanded and fully updated second edition discusses recently introduced types of detector such as superconducting tunnel junctions, hot electron bolometer mixers, and fully depleted CCDs, and also includes historically important devices such as photographic plates. Material from many disciplines is combined into a comprehensive and unified treatment of the detection of light, with emphasis on the underlying physical principles. Chapters have been thoroughly reorganised to make the book easier to use, and each includes problems with solutions as appropriate. This self-contained text assumes only an undergraduate level of physics, and develops understanding as it is needed. It is suitable for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, and will provide a valuable reference for professionals in astronomy, engineering and physics.
Lipid Mediators in Life Science (2011)

"Lipid mediators" represent a class of bioactive lipids that are produced locally through specific biosynthetic pathways in response to extracellular stimuli. They are exported extracellularly, bind to their cognate G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to transmit signals to target cells, and are then sequestered rapidly through specific enzymatic or non-enzymatic processes. Because of these properties, lipid mediators can be regarded as local hormones or autacoids. Unlike proteins, whose information can be readily obtained from the genome, we cannot directly read out the information of lipids from the genome since they are not genome-encoded. However, we can indirectly follow up the dynamics and functions of lipid mediators by manipulating the genes encoding a particular set of proteins that are essential for their biosynthesis (enzymes), transport (transporters), and signal transduction (receptors). Lipid mediators are involved in many physiological processes, and their dysregulations have been often linked to various diseases such as inflammation, infertility, atherosclerosis, ischemia, metabolic syndrome, and cancer. In this article, I will give an overview of the basic knowledge of various lipid mediators, and then provide an example of how research using mice, gene-manipulated for a lipid mediator-biosynthetic enzyme, contributes to life science and clinical applications.
Synthesis and swelling characteristics of pH and thermoresponsive interpenetrating polymer network hydrogel composed of poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(acrylic acid) (1996)

The swelling behavior of novel pH- and temperature-sensitive interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) composed of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAAc) in water was investigated. The PVA/PAAc IPN hydrogels were synthesized by UV irradiation, followed by a repetitive freezing and thawing process by which PVA hydrogel networks were formed inside of cross-linked PAAc chains. The swelling behaviors of these IPNs were analyzed in buffer solution at various pH and temperature ranges. Swelling ratios of all IPNs were relatively high, and they showed reasonable sensitivity to both pH and temperature. Hydrogels showed both the positive and negative swelling behaviors depending on PAAc content. IPN46 showed the positive temperature-sensitive swelling behaviors and its stepwise changes in swelling ratio was about 1.8 and 2.0 obtained between 25 and 45°C at pH 7, and between pH 4 and 7 at 35°C, respectively. The positive temperature dependence is attributed to the formation and dissociation of hydrogen bonding complexes between PVA and PAAc. These IPNs are expected to show a pH- and temperature-sensitive drug release according to the stepwise behavior at this temperature region. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Complex and Connected Lives: Voices of “English Language Learners” in Middle School (2021)

In addition to the typical ups and downs of middle school (MS), English language learners (ELLs) in the middle grades also grapple with learning English, straddling multiple cultures, and adapting to the realities of immigration. While school systems tend to focus on linguistic and academic development, MS ELLs exercise agency, creativity, judgment, and resilience as they navigate hybrid identities, complex and context-specific social and cultural expectations, and home/school connections and disconnections. This article reports on an interview study of middle school ELLs from a variety of backgrounds. Using self-selected artifacts representing their in-school and out-of-school lives, participants discussed their in- and out-of-school lives, social networks, impressions of school, and goals for the future. Themes of navigating complexity and forging connection point to a portrait of middle school ELLs with initiative, purpose, and dimensionality that challenges the narrow focus on language often prominent in the professional discourse about ELLs.
A Targetron System for Gene Targeting in Thermophiles and Its Application in Clostridium thermocellum (2013)

Thermotargetron provides a new, rapid method for gene targeting and genetic engineering of C. thermocellum, an industrially important microbe, and should be readily adaptable for gene targeting in other thermophiles.
On-the-fly attestation of reconfigurable hardware (2008)

This paper presents a novel method to perform on-the-fly attestation of hardware structures loaded to reconfigurable devices. Given that a loadable hardware structure to a reconfigurable device is described by a binary bitstream, the hash value of this bitstream can be calculated to validate the hardware structure. To optimize this attestation, the hash value computation is implemented in hardware on the FPGA itself. To guarantee the integrity of the existing computation architecture, the proposed hardware module also enforces region delimitation. With the region delimitation, only the regions intended to be reconfigured can be modified. Implementation results suggest that this bitstream attestation can be performed without imposing an extra delay to the reconfigurable process and at an area cost of less that 10% of a Virtex II Pro 30 FPGA device.
300 GHz Wireless Communication Systems Exploiting the Benefits of Combining Photonic and Electronic Transceiver Components (2019)

The contribution presents a wireless data transmission experiment combining photonic and electronic technologies. The photonic transmitter is based on the use of uni-traveling-carrier (UTC) photodiodes. The electronic receiver is based on multi-functional monolithic integrated circuits realized in high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) technology for low-noise pre-amplification as well as integrated I/Q detection. The combination of both is interesting towards the achievement of larger distances and high data-rates for future THz links. In this paper we present an initial experiment where 80 Gbit/s were achieved, carried out in the context of a join French-German research initiative.