gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Production of Polyethylene Wax via Metallocene Catalysts [(TMDS)$Cp_2$]$ZrCl_2$ and [$(n-Bu)_2Cp_2$]$ZrCl_2$ in the Presence of Hydrogen Gas as a Chain Transfer Reagent (2008)

Polyethylene has been prepared via metallocene catalysts [(TMDS)], 1, and [], 2, in the presence of hydrogen as a chain transfer reagent. Increase of hydrogen flow to the polymerization reactor resulted in the drop of catalytic activity, reduction of molecular weight of polyethylene, getting narrow of molecular weight distribution of polyethylene, and melting point of the polyethylene wax. It should be noticed that it was possible to control molecular weight down to 1500 and melting temperature to 60 C of polyethylene wax using the catalyst 1 that has been developed by authors as well as the catalyst 2 from Exxon.
Characterization and verification of Gigabit ethernet-based bus systems in vehicles (2018)

In this article, the complete analog front-end (AFE) of the high-speed Ethernet transmission systems (100BASE-T1 and 1000BASE-T1) are characterized. These bus systems consist of transceiver chip, low pass filter (LPF), common mode choke (CMC), DC block capacitor, common mode termination (CMT) and the transmission channel (unshielded-or shielded twisted pair, UTP/STP). The high-frequency models of the mentioned components are essential for design and simulation of high-speed bus systems. For this purpose, new simulation models are proposed in this article. In order to measure the appropriate CMC for 100BASE-T1 FR4 substrate was used as test-fixture. Due to the frequency range of 1000BASE-T1, high-frequency substrate, i.e. RO4350B was selected. The common-mode (CM) and differential-mode (DM) impedance of the choke are measured. Furthermore, to describe the general characteristics of the choke, the measurements of mixed mode S-parameters are made. The LPFs are fabricated using mentioned substrates. The filter attenuation is measured considering the signal frequency. In the next step, the impedance and mixed-mode S parameters of CMC and LPF were simulated using the suggested equivalent circuit models. The agreement between measurement and simulation results confirmed the validity of the proposed models. On this basis, the suggested models could be adapted and used for further research in the field of Multi-Gig data transmission. As the last step, a comparison between UTP and STP cable based on laboratory-level measurements is performed in two steps. First, the mixed-mode S-parameters of the mentioned cables are determined. Second, the shielding attenuation is examined according to the wire injection method. From the author's' point of view, this paper is the first detailed investigation of the analog front-end of the automotive Ethernet communication system.
Chemicals for enhanced oil recovery. Annual report, October 1, 1980-September 30, 1981 (1983)

The main objective has been to reduce barriers to implementation of micellar flooding arising from the cost and/or supply of chemicals. The effort has been comprised of search for suitable raw materials in waste streams or in low-cost byproducts, evaluation of these components, research supporting field production of biopolymers, microbiological production of cosurfactants, and search for competitive adsorbates or sacrifical agents. Emphasis has been on substances from other than petroleum sources. Because of the large volume of organic chemicals having low value produced in the pulping of wood, considerable attention has been given to the paper industry. Surfactant evaluation has centered on the fatty-acid fraction of tall oils, in which sodium oleate seems to dominate the interfacial properties. Phase and interfacial behavior of natural mixtures and chemical modifications of components have been investigated. Biopolymer research was centered on scleroglucans because of their superior potential for field production. Fermentation, evaluation of feeds alternative to glucose, wet separation of polymer from fermentation broth, reduction of difficulties in plugging formations, and beneficial disposal of biomass were all investigated. Several organic chemicals from pulping were found to have potential as sacrificial agents. Sodium saccarinates, weak black liquor, and caustic extract from the bleaching ofmore » pulp were the most promising from the kraft process. By selection, Clostridia strains capable of producing higher alcohols from various wood-pulping wastes were isolated. Analysis of separation processes indicated that, in spite of the lower alcohol content of the mash in comparison with yeast fermentation to ethanol, free energies of the neutral-solvent solutions made the costs of concentration in money and heat comparable.« less
Leukotrienes stimulate neutrophil adhesion to mesangial cells: modulation with lipoxins (1990)

We have examined polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) adhesion to mesangial cells (MC) in vitro and have assessed the actions of lipoxygenase (LO) products in this process. On exposure to either leukotriene B4 (LTB4), or leukotriene D4 (LTD4), 111In-labeled PMNs adhere to monolayers of cultured MC. These actions were rapid in onset (less than 5 min) and dependent upon leukotriene concentration (10(-9) to 10(-6) M) and the presence of divalent cations. Adhesion was sustained (0-30 min), and neither LTB4 nor LTD4 was metabolized to inactive products during PMN-MC interaction, as determined by their recovery after reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. LTB4 was a PMN-directed stimulus, whereas LTD4 appeared to act on MC. A monoclonal antibody (TS 1/18) against the CD18 component of the PMN CD18/CD11 adhesion complex inhibited the LTB4-induced response, indicating involvement of this PMN glycoprotein in the adhesion process. In contrast, this antibody did not affect LTD4-induced adhesion, suggesting that this response was mediated by other adhesion epitopes. When added alone, neither lipoxin A4 (LXA4) nor lipoxin B4 (LXB4) provoked PMN adhesion to MC. In contrast, LXA4 and LXB4 at equimolar concentrations attenuated the LTD4- but not LTB4-induced response. Together, these results provide further evidence that LO-derived eicosanoids may constitute important early signals that regulate PMN-MC interaction in glomerular inflammation.
A Performance Test Harness For Publish/Subscribe Middleware (2009)

Publish/subscribe is becoming increasingly popular as communication paradigm for loosely-coupled message exchange. It is used as a building block in major new software architectures and technology domains such as Enterprise Service Bus, Enterprise Application Integration, Service-Oriented Architecture and Event-Driven Architecture. The growing adoption of these technologies leads to a strong need for benchmarks and performance evaluation tools in this area. In this demonstration, we present jms2009-PS, a benchmark for publish/subscribe middleware based on the Java Message Service standard interface.
Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of 3‐(4‐Pyrazolyl)propenoic Acids. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Low Cost Vector Scoring System for Airborne Targets (1994)

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 17-20, 1994 / Town & Country Hotel and Conference Center, San Diego, California
Weighted-MSE based on saliency map for assessing video quality of H.264 video streams (2010)

Human vision system is very complex and has been studied for many years specifically for purposes of efficient encoding of visual, e.g. video content from digital TV. There have been physiological and psychological evidences which indicate that viewers do not pay equal attention to all exposed visual information, but only focus on certain areas known as focus of attention (FOA) or saliency regions. In this work, we propose a novel based objective quality assessment metric, for assessing the perceptual quality of decoded video sequences affected by transmission errors and packed loses. The proposed method weights the Mean Square Error (MSE), Weighted-MSE (WMSE), according to the calculated saliency map at each pixel. Our method was validated trough subjective quality experiments.
Scoliosis in Duchenne muscular dystrophy children is fully reducible in the initial stage, and becomes structural over time (2019)

There is a period of fully reducible curve in DMD patients at the initial stage of scoliosis. Afterward, as spinal curve progresses, flexibility decreases over time. To detect the scoliosis when the curve is fully reducible, scoliosis curve in DMD patients should be evaluated dynamically, including radiographs of at least in two different positions.
Epipolar Plane Image Refocusing for Improved Depth Estimation and Occlusion Handling (2013)

In contrast to traditional imaging, the higher dimensionality of a light field offers directional information about the captured intensity. This information can be leveraged to estimate the disparity of 3D points in the captured scene. A recent approach to estimate disparities analyzes the structure tensor and evaluates the orientation on epipolar plane images (EPIs). While the resulting disparity maps are generally satisfying, the allowed disparity range is small and occlusion boundaries can become smeared and noisy. In this paper, we first introduce an approach to extend the total allowed disparity range. This allows for example the investigation of camera setups with a larger baseline, like in the Middlebury 3D light fields. Second, we introduce a method to handle the difficulties arising at boundaries between fore- and background objects to achieve sharper edge transitions.
Rat Epididymal Sperm Quantity, Quality, and Transit Time after Guanethidine-Induced Sympathectomy1 (1998)

Guanethidine, a chemical that selectively abolishes peripheral noradrenergic nerves, was used to investigate the role of sympathetic innervation in the maintenance of epididymal sperm quantity and quality. Four groups of 10 adult male rats each were treated daily for 21 days, by i.p. injections, with either 0 (saline vehicle), 6.25, 12.5, or 25 mg/kg guanethidine. Norepinephrine content was reduced to undetectable levels in the cauda epididymidis in all guanethidine groups after 3 wk of treatment and was reduced to 7.4% of the control values after 1 wk of 6.25 mg/kg treatment. While body weight gain was significantly decreased at 12.5 and 25 mg/kg compared to that in controls, there was a significant increase in the weights of the seminal vesicles/coagulating glands in all treated groups. The number of homogenization-resistant spermatids per testis and the daily sperm production per testis remained unchanged. The weight of the epididymis was significantly increased at 6.25 and 12.5 mg/kg. Moreover, the number of cauda epididymal sperm and the transit time were increased significantly at 6.25 mg/kg (10.2 days) compared to values in the control cauda (6.3 days). Neither serum testosterone levels nor LH was affected in a dosage-related manner. There were no effects of guanethidine treatment on cauda epididymal sperm motility or morphology. A quantitative analysis of detergent-extracted cauda epididymal sperm proteins by SDS-PAGE revealed no differences, but there were diminutions in seven proteins in homogenates of caput/corpus tissue. Histologic analysis of testis and epididymis sections revealed no differences between control and denervated animals. In a subsequent experiment the lowest effective dosage (6.25 mg/kg) was given to rats for 1 wk, and an increased number of cauda epididymal sperm and a delay in sperm transit were observed. Our results indicate that low-dosage guanethidine exposure denervates the epididymis within 1 wk, thereby delaying epididymal transit; however, neither 1- nor 3-wk exposure produces qualitative changes in the sperm.
Progenitors for the Corneal Endothelium and Trabecular Meshwork: A Potential Source for Personalized Stem Cell Therapy in Corneal Endothelial Diseases and Glaucoma (2011)

Several adult stem cell types have been found in different parts of the eye, including the corneal epithelium, conjunctiva, and retina. In addition to these, there have been accumulating evidence that some stem-like cells reside in the transition area between the peripheral corneal endothelium (CE) and the anterior nonfiltering portion of the trabecular meshwork (TM), which is known as the Schwalbe's Ring region. These stem/progenitor cells may supply new cells for the CE and TM. In fact, the CE and TM share certain similarities in terms of their embryonic origin and proliferative capacity in vivo. In this paper, we discuss the putative stem cell source which has the potential for replacement of lost and nonfunctional cells in CE diseases and glaucoma. The future development of personalized stem cell therapies for the CE and TM may reduce the requirement of corneal grafts and surgical treatments in glaucoma.
Identification of phosphorylation sites for adenosine 3',5'-cyclic phosphate dependent protein kinase on the voltage-sensitive sodium channel from Electrophorus electricus (1989)

The voltage-sensitive sodium channel from the electroplax of Electrophorus electricus is selectively phosphorylated by the catalytic subunit of cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase A) but not by protein kinase C. Under identical limiting conditions, the protein was phosphorylated 20% as rapidly as the synthetic model substrate kemptamide. A maximum of 1.7 +/- 0.6 equiv of phosphate is incorporated per mole. Phosphoamino acid analysis revealed labeled phosphoserine and phosphothreonine at a constant ratio of 3.3:1. Seven distinct phosphopeptides were identified among tryptic fragments prepared from radiolabeled, affinity-purified protein and resolved by HPLC. The three most rapidly labeled fragments were further purified and sequenced. Four phosphorylated amino acids were identified deriving from three consensus phosphorylation sites. These were serine 6, serine 7, and threonine 17 from the amino terminus and a residue within 47 amino acids of the carboxyl terminus, apparently serine 1776. The alpha-subunits of brain sodium channels, like the electroplax protein, are readily phosphorylated by protein kinase A. However, these are also phosphorylated by protein kinase C and exhibit a markedly different pattern of incorporation. Each of three brain alpha-subunits displays an approximately 200 amino acid segment between homologous repeat domains I and II, which is missing from the electroplax and skeletal muscle proteins [Noda et al. (1986) Nature (London) 320, 188; Kayano et al. (1988) FEBS Lett. 228, 1878; Trimmer et al. (1989) Neuron 3, 33]. Most of the phosphorylation of the brain proteins occurs on a cluster of consensus phosphorylation sites located in this segment. This contrasts with the pattern of highly active sites on the amino and carboxyl termini of the electroplax protein. The detection of seven labeled tryptic phosphopeptides compared to the maximal labeling stoichiometry of approximately 2 suggests that many of the acceptor sites on the protein may be blocked by endogenous phosphorylation.
Designer lipid-like peptides (2011)

A crucial bottleneck in membrane protein studies, particularly G-protein coupled receptors, is the notorious difficulty of finding an optimal detergent that can solubilize them and maintain their stability and function. Here we report rapid production of 12 unique mammalian olfactory receptors using short designer lipid-like peptides as detergents. The peptides were able to solubilize and stabilize each receptor. Circular dichroism showed that the purified olfactory receptors had alpha-helical secondary structures. Microscale thermophoresis suggested that the receptors were functional and bound their odorants. Blot intensity measurements indicated that milligram quantities of each olfactory receptor could be produced with at least one peptide detergent. The peptide detergents' capability was comparable to that of the detergent Brij-35. The ability of 10 peptide detergents to functionally solubilize 12 olfactory receptors demonstrates their usefulness as a new class of detergents for olfactory receptors, and possibly other G-protein coupled receptors and membrane proteins.
Physiology of the Splanchnic Circulation. (1966)

In the past the physician's library was marked by a relatively small number of ponderous texts which covered all medical knowledge. The information explosion has undermined the substantial ($25.00) textbook and brought to the fore the thin, somewhat less expensive book which covers a restricted area in greater depth. The advantages of the light weights is the focusing of more expertise on less subject. The expert is usually a renowned investigator and lucid writer whose insights illuminate the twilight zones of medical science. Among the most successful of these little books has been the monographs of the Physiological Society of England. Perhaps the clarity of expression in these volumes stems from the country of their origin, which also originated the language we use. At any rate they are lucid, concise, and convey the basic principles of their subject without being superficial. In the gastrointestinal field we have been fortunate in
2022 Global patient survey: Reported experience of diagnosis, management, and burden of renal cell carcinomas. (2023)

653 Background: Kidney cancer (renal cell carcinoma, RCC) has shown a sustained increase in its global prevalence thereby presenting increasing burden to health systems, and most of all, to individual patients and their families. Little is known about the variations in the patient experience and best practices among countries. Although individual national surveys have been held, no conclusions could be drawn about country-level variation in patient experience or best practice. Here, we report on the 3rd biennial Global Patient Survey on the diagnosis, management, and burden of Renal Cell Carcinomas conducted by the International Kidney Coalition (IKCC) and involving its Affiliate Organisations worldwide in 15 languages. The aim of the survey was to improve collective understanding and to contribute toward the reduction of the burden of kidney cancer around the world. Methods: A 35-question survey on the diagnosis, management, and burden of RCC was designed by a multi-country steering committee of patient leaders to identify geographic variations in 6 key dimensions: patient education, experience and awareness, access to care and clinical trials, best practices, quality of life, and unmet psychosocial needs. EAU, ESMO, ASCO and NCCN Guidelines committees provided topics of interest to support evidence-based medicine (eg patient perspective on active surveillance, biopsies, etc) . The survey was distributed to patients with kidney cancer and their caregivers in 15 languages, through social media and IKCC’s 49 Affiliate Organizations and/or allied organizations who are not formal affiliates. It was completed online or in paper form between 26 September 2022 and 31 October 2022. At the time of this abstract submission, the survey was still open for completion. Results: We will present the top-line results of the 2022 survey for the very first time. Survey results will be analyzed using cross-tabulations by an independent third-party organization, and multi-variate analysis of predetermined variable will be performed. The full global report will be presented, as well as individual country reports where at least 100 responses were received. Conclusions: The IKCC and its global affiliates will be using the results to ensure that patients’ voices are heard. Actionable points will suggest future projects. Furthermore, individual countries can use their reports to advance their understanding of patient experiences and to drive improvements in care provision locally.
mRNA Therapeutics and mRNA Vaccines (2021)

人工的に合成したメッセンジャーRNA（mRNA）をクスリとして体内に投与し、治療薬やワクチンとして用いるmRNA医薬・ワクチンが注目されている。核酸配列を変えるだけでどのようなタンパク質でも産生させることが可能で、ゲノム挿入変異リスクが無いなど、多くの疾患に対する治療薬・ワクチンとしての開発が期待される新規医薬品モダリティである。新型コロナウイルスに対して迅速なワクチン開発が行われたが、そこにはmRNA作成技術、mRNAの免疫原性を制御する技術、体内の目的とする組織・細胞にmRNAを安全に送り届ける送達システム（ドラッグデリバリーシステム：DDS）など多くの技術の寄与がある。本稿ではmRNA医薬・ワクチンの開発経緯、用いられる技術、適応や今後の課題について概説する。
An Evaluation of the Iosipescu Specimen for Composite Materials Shear Property Measurement (1992)

A detailed evaluation of the suitability of the Iosipescu specimen tested in the modified Wyoming fixture is presented. A linear finite element model of the specimen is used to assess the uniformity of the shear stress field in the vicinity of the notch, and demonstrate the effect of the nonuniform stress field upon strain gage measurements used for the determination of composite shear moduli. Based upon test results from graphite epoxy laminates, the proximity of the load introduction point to the test section and the material orthotropy greatly influence the individual gage readings, however, shear modu lus determination is not significantly affected by the lack of pure shear. Correction factors are needed to allow for the nonuniformity of the strain field and the use of the average shear stress in the shear modulus evaluation. The correction factors are determined for the region occupied by the strain gage rosette. A comparison of the strain gage readings from one surface of a specimen with corresponding data from moire interferometry on the opposite face documented an extreme sensitivity of some fiber orientations to eccentric loading which induced twisting and spurious shear stress-strain curves. The discovery of specimen twisting explains the apparently inconsistent shear property data found in the literature. Recommendations for improving the reliability and accuracy of the shear modu lus values are made, and the implications for shear strength measurement discussed.
Preparation of Nanometer-Sized Manganese Oxides by Intercalation of Organic Ammonium Ions in Synthetic Birnessite OL-1 (2001)

Potassium manganese oxide materials having the synthetic birnessite structure K-OL-1 were synthesized by reduction methods. K-OL-1 has been ion-exchanged with H+ to produce H-OL-1, which was utilized in further intercalating reactions. The tetraalkylammonium hydroxides including tetramethylammonium hydroxide, tetraethylammonium hydroxide, tetrapropylammonium hydroxide, and tetrabutylammonium hydroxide and diamines such as ethylenediamine, 1,6-diaminohexane, and 1,10-diaminooctane were used to intercalate H-OL-1. Elemental analyses, X-ray diffraction, FT-IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, UV−vis spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy have been used to characterize the samples. Structural models of both wet and dry samples are given. The intercalation and deaquation processes of TAA and DA-OL-1 were studied. Their particle sizes were determined and nanometer-sized TAA-OL-1 samples were prepared in TAA systems.
High-Availability Clusters A Taxonomy, Review, and Future Directions (2021)

The delivery of key services in domains ranging from finance and manufacturing to healthcare and transportation is underpinned by a rapidly growing number of mission-critical enterprise applications. Ensuring the continuity of these complex applications requires the use of software-managed infrastructures called high-availability clusters (HACs). HACs employ sophisticated techniques to monitor the health of key enterprise application layers and of the resources they use, and to seamlessly restart or relocate application components after failures. In this paper, we first describe the manifold uses of HACs to protect essential layers of a critical application and present the architecture of high availability clusters. We then propose a taxonomy that covers all key aspects of HACs -- deployment patterns, application areas, types of cluster, topology, cluster management, failure detection and recovery, consistency and integrity, and data synchronisation; and we use this taxonomy to provide a comprehensive survey of the end-to-end software solutions available for the HAC deployment of enterprise applications. Finally, we discuss the limitations and challenges of existing HAC solutions, and we identify opportunities for future research in the area.