gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Perspectives in Catalysis: Via Studies on Molecular Level to New Industrial Catalysts and Processes (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The Auditory Midbrain Implant (2006)

The auditory midbrain implant (AMI) is a new central auditory prosthesis designed for penetrating stimulation of the human inferior colliculus. The major group of candidates for the AMI consists of neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) patients who develop neural deafness because of growth and/or surgical removal of bilateral acoustic neuromas. Because of the absence of a viable auditory nerve, these patients cannot benefit from cochlear implants. An alternative solution has been the auditory brainstem implant (ABI), which stimulates the cochlear nucleus. However, speech perception performance in NF2 ABI patients has been limited. The fact that the ABI is able to produce high levels of speech perception in nontumor patients (with inaccessible cochleae or posttraumatic damage to the cochlear nerve) suggests that limitations in ABI performance in NF2 patients may be associated with cochlear nucleus damage caused by the tumors or the tumor removal process. Thus, stimulation of the auditory midbrain proximal to the damaged cochlear nucleus may be a better alternative for hearing restoration in NF2 patients. We propose the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICC) as the potential site. A penetrating electrode array aligned along the well-defined tonotopic gradient of the ICC should selectively activate different frequency regions, which is an important elementfor supporting good speech understanding. The goal of this article is to present the ICC as an alternative site for an auditory implant for NF2 patients and to describe the design of the first human prototype AMI. Practical considerations for implementation of the AMI will also be discussed.
Chemical Hydrogen Compression by MH-NH3 System (2010)

T. Ichikawa, H. Miyaoka, Y. KojimaThis document appeared inDetlef Stolten, Thomas Grube (Eds.):18th World Hydrogen Energy Conference 2010 - WHEC 2010Parallel Sessions Book 1: Fuel Cell Basics / Fuel InfrastructuresProceedings of the WHEC, May 16.-21. 2010, EssenSchriften des Forschungszentrums Julich / Energy & Environment, Vol. 78-1Institute of Energy Research - Fuel Cells (IEF-3)Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Zentralbibliothek, Verlag, 2010ISBN: 978-3-89336-651-4
Fluorosulphuric acid. Part IV. Preparation of fluorosulphates of the first transition series by displacement reactions (1967)

Anhydrous fluorosulphates of bivalent Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Cd have been prepared by displacement reactions in fluorosulphuric acid. They could not be made by neutralisations in acetic acid. The ease of displacement in these heterogeneous reactions is in the order CH3·CO2– > SO42– > Cl– > F–, and not the order of strength of the displaced acid. The stability of cations in fluorosulphuric acid resembles their stability in aqueous solutions. The choice of reactant for displacement reactions is discussed.
A Feedback Loop Involving the Phd3 Prolyl Hydroxylase Tunes the Mammalian Hypoxic Response In Vivo (2009)

Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), consisting of a labile alpha subunit and a stable beta subunit, is a master regulator of hypoxia-responsive mRNAs. HIF alpha undergoes oxygen-dependent prolyl hydroxylation, which marks it for polyubiquitination by a complex containing the von Hippel-Lindau protein (pVHL). Among the three Phd family members, Phd2 appears to be the primary HIF prolyl hydroxylase. Phd3 is induced by HIF and, based on findings from in vitro studies, may participate in a HIF-regulatory feedback loop. Here, we report that Phd3 loss exacerbates the HIF activation, hepatic steatosis, dilated cardiomyopathy, and premature mortality observed in mice lacking Phd2 alone and produces a closer phenocopy of the changes seen in mice lacking pVHL than the loss of Phd2 alone. Importantly, the degree to which Phd3 can compensate for Phd2 loss and the degree to which the combined loss of Phd2 and Phd3 resembles pVHL loss appear to differ for different HIF-responsive genes and in different tissues. These findings highlight that the responses of different HIF target genes to changes in prolyl hydroxylase activity differ, quantitatively and qualitatively, in vivo and have implications for the development of paralog-specific prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors as therapeutic agents.
Measurement of autophagy flux in the nervous system in vivo (2013)

Accurate methods to measure autophagic activity in vivo in neurons are not available, and most of the studies are based on correlative and static measurements of autophagy markers, leading to conflicting interpretations. Autophagy is an essential homeostatic process involved in the degradation of diverse cellular components including organelles and protein aggregates. Autophagy impairment is emerging as a relevant factor driving neurodegeneration in many diseases. Moreover, strategies to modulate autophagy have been shown to provide protection against neurodegeneration. Here we describe a novel and simple strategy to express an autophagy flux reporter in the nervous system of adult animals by the intraventricular delivery of adeno-associated viruses (AAV) into newborn mice. Using this approach we efficiently expressed a monomeric tandem mCherry-GFP-LC3 construct in neurons of the peripheral and central nervous system, allowing the measurement of autophagy activity in pharmacological and disease settings.
Influence of substrate stiffness on the phenotype of heart cells (2009)

Adult cardiomyocytes (CM) retain little capacity to regenerate, which motivates efforts to engineer heart tissues that can emulate the functional and mechanical properties of native myocardium. Although the effects of matrix stiffness on individual CM have been explored, less attention was devoted to studies at the monolayer and the tissue level. The purpose of this study was to characterize the influence of substrate mechanical stiffness on the heart cell phenotype and functional properties. Neonatal rat heart cells were seeded onto collagen-coated polyacrylamide (PA) substrates with Young's moduli of 3, 22, 50, and 144 kPa. Collagen-coated glass coverslips without PA represented surfaces with effectively "infinite" stiffness. The local elastic modulus of native neonatal rat heart tissue was measured to range from 4.0 to 11.4 kPa (mean value of 6.8 kPa) and for native adult rat heart tissue from 11.9 to 46.2 kPa (mean value of 25.6 kPa), motivating our choice of the above PA gel stiffness. Overall, by 120 h of cultivation, the lowest stiffness PA substrates (3 kPa) exhibited the lowest excitation threshold (ET; 3.5 +/- 0.3 V/cm), increased troponin I staining (52% positively stained area) but reduced cell density, force of contraction (0.18 +/- 0.1 mN/mm(2)), and cell elongation (aspect ratio = 1.3-1.4). Higher stiffness (144 kPa) PA substrates exhibited reduced troponin I staining (30% positively stained area), increased fibroblast density (70% positively stained area), and poor electrical excitability. Intermediate stiffness PA substrates of stiffness comparable to the native adult rat myocardium (22-50 kPa) were found to be optimal for heart cell morphology and function, with superior elongation (aspect ratio > 4.3), reasonable ET (ranging from 3.95 +/- 0.8 to 4.4 +/- 0.7 V/cm), high contractile force development (ranging from 0.52 +/- 0.2 to 1.60 +/- 0.6 mN/mm(2)), and well-developed striations, all consistent with a differentiated phenotype.
High power lasers for gamma source (2017)

A high intensity Gamma source is required for Nuclear Spectroscopy, it will be delivered by the interaction between accelerated electron and intense laser beams. Those two interactions lasers are based on a multi-stage amplification scheme that ended with a second harmonics generation to deliver 200 mJ, 3.5 ps pulses at 515 nm and 100 Hz. A t-Pulse oscillator with slow and fast feedback loop implemented inside the oscillator cavity allows the possibility of synchronization to an optical reference. A temporal jitter of 120 fs rms is achieved, integrated from 10 Hz to 10 MHz. Then a regenerative amplifier, based on Yb:YAG technology, pumped by fiber-coupled QCW laser diodes, delivers pulses up to 30 mJ. The 1 nm bandwidth was compressed to 1.5 ps with a good spatial quality: M<sup>2</sup> of 1.1. This amplifier is integrated in a compact sealed housing (750x500x150 cm), which allows a pulse-pulse stability of 0.1% rms, and a long-term stability of 1,9% over 100 hours (with +/-1°C environment). The main amplification stage uses a cryocooled Yb:YAG crystal in an active mirror configuration. The crystal is cooled at 130 K via a compact and low-vibration cryocooler, avoiding any additional phase noise contribution, 340 mJ in a six pass scheme was achieved, with 0.9 of Strehl ratio. The trade off to the gain of a cryogenic amplifier is the bandwidth reduction, however the 1030 nm pulse was compressed to 3.5 ps.
Sequences of three promoters for the bacteriophage SP6 RNA polymerase (1986)

Fragments of SP6 DNA generated by cleavage with Hpa II or Taq I were cloned into the Cla I site of pBR322 and the recombinant plasmids were screened for the presence of SP6 promoter activity by transcription in vitro with purified SP6 RNA polymerase. Three plasmids having promoter activity and small inserts of SP6 DNA were characterized. Hybridization studies showed that all three cloned promoters arose from different regions of the SP6 genome. Comparison of the consensus promoter sequence (5' ATTTAGGtgGACACTATAGAAGgaG 3') with the consensus sequences of promoters recognized by the T3 and T7 RNA polymerases reveals a common core sequence (5'-CACTA-3') extending from -7 to -3, as well as other features that may be important in selective promoter recognition by the phage RNA polymerases.
Exploring the Feasibility of Selective Hardening for Combinational Logic (2012)

International audience
Comparison of Striatal Dopamine D2 Receptors in Parkinson's Disease and Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Patients Using [123I] Iodobenzofuran Single‐Photon Emission Computed Tomography (2002)

The results predict that [123I] IBF SPECT, especially voxel-by-voxel BP parametric imaging, can discriminate among extrapyramidal diseases such as PD and PSP and may be applicable for clinical use.
CMOS image sensor and its development trend (2009)

Along with the development of VLSI, CMOS image sensor has displayed a strong development trend. The text simply introduces the development course and work principle of CMOS image sensor. It gives the comparison of CCD and CMOS image sensor .The main factors and key technology of CMOS image sensor have been analyzed, And the future of CMOS image sensors is foretold.
A Computational Study on the Ca2+ Solvation, Coordination Environment, and Mobility in Electrolytes for Calcium Ion Batteries (2021)

Calcium (ion) batteries are promising next-generation energy storage systems, owing to their numerous benefits in terms of performance metrics, low-cost, mineral abundance, and economic sustainability. A central and critical area to the advancement of the technology is the development of suitable eletrolytes that allow for good salt solubility, ion mobility, electrochemical stability, and reversible redox activity. At this time, the study of different solvent-salt combinations is very limited. Here, we present a computational study on the coordination environment, solvation energetics, and diffusivity of calcium ions over a range of pertinent ionic liquids, cyclic and acylic alkyl carbonates, and specific alkyl nitriles and alkyl formamides, using the salts calcium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (Ca(TFSI)2) and calcium perchlorate (Ca(ClO4)2). Key findings are that several solvents from different solvent classes present comparable solvation environments and mobilities. Ca(TFSI)2 is prefered over Ca(ClO4)2 owing to the former’s mix coordination of Ca2+ to O and N atoms. Ionic liquids with alkyl sulfonate anions provide better coordation over TFSI, which leads to greater diffusivity. Binary organic mixtures (carbonates) provide the best solvation of Ca2+, however, single organic solvents also provide good solvation, such as EC, THF and DMF, as well as some acyclic carbonates. Ion pairing with the salt anion is always present, but can be mitigated through solvent selection, which also correlates to greater mobility; however, there are examples in which strong ion pairing is not significantly adverse to diffusivity. The solvent incorporate into the solvation structure with binary organic mixtures correlates well with the solvation capabilities of the individual solvents. Finally, we show that ionic liquids (specifically alkyl imidazole (cation) alkyl sulfonate (anion) ionic liquids) do not decompose when coordinating at a Ca metal interface, which indicates its promising stability. Overall, this study contributes further generalized understanding of the correlation between solvent and salt and the resultant Ca2+ complexes and Ca2+ mobility in a range of electrolytes, and reveals a range of possible solvents suitable for exploration in calcium (ion) batteries.
IDLD: Instantaneous Detection of Leakage and Duplication of Identifiers used for Register Renaming (2022)

In this paper, we propose a cost-effective microarchitectural technique capable of Instantaneously Detecting the Leakage and Duplication (IDLD) of the physical register identifiers used for register renaming in modern out-of-order processor cores. Leakage occurs when a physical register identifier disappears, whereas duplication occurs when the physical register identifier appears twice throughout the renaming logic. IDLD checks each cycle that a code calculated by xoring the physical register identifiers read from and written to arrays, used for managing physical registers allocation, renaming and reclamation, is zero. This invariance is intrinsic to the register renaming subsystem functionality and allows detecting an identifier leakage and duplication instantaneously. Detection of bugs in the complex register renaming subsystem is challenging, since: (a) its operation is not directly observable in program or architectural visible locations, (b) it lies in time-critical paths in the heart of every modern out-of-order core, and (c) it is often the target for optimizations in new core designs, and thus, more susceptible to bugs than legacy subsystems. We demonstrate that bugs in the renaming logic can be very difficult to root cause because, for numerous cases, it takes excessive time, e.g., millions of cycles, for a duplication or leakage to become an architecturally observable error. Even worse, activations of such bugs, depending on microarchitectural state, are often masked by subsequent hardware operations. Hence, an activation of a rarely occurring leakage or duplication bug during post-silicon validation can go undetected and escape in the field. The difficulty of root-causing register identifier duplication and leakage without IDLD is demonstrated using detailed bug modeling at the microarchitecture level, whereas the low overhead of IDLD is confirmed using RTL design analysis.
Local Foods Marketing Channels Encompass a Wide Range of Producers (2011)

Farmers selling locally grown food through farmers’ markets, roadside stands, and other local food outlets account for a small, but growing, segment of U.S. agriculture. Consumer demand for locally produced food is driven by demand for freshness, support for the local economy, and personal communication with the producer (see “Varied Interests Drive Growing Popularity of Local Foods” in the December 2010 issue of Amber Waves).
Phosphorus Requirement of Finishing Yearlings (1998)

Sixty yearling crossbred steers (849 lb) were fed individually either 0.35 or 0.70 % of DM as Ca and 0.14, 0.19, 0.24, 0.29 or 0.34 % P. Ash content was determined on bones from the lower front legs and one rib from each carcass was used to determine breaking strength. Performance and bone characteristics were not affected by dietary P concentration or P intake. Steers fed the 0.70 % Ca diets had lower gains and poorer efficiencies when compared to those fed 0.35 % Ca. These results indicate the requirement for finishing yearlings is 0.14 % P or less and it is not necessary to supplement P in typical finishing diets fed to yearling steers, as corn is usually greater than 0.25 % P.
A dose-escalation study of oxaliplatin/capecitabine/irinotecan (XELOXIRI) and bevacizumab (bev) as a first-line therapy for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. (2014)

612 Background: In a recent study by Loupakis, F. et al. (ASCO-GI 2013), a FOLFOXIRI and bevacizumab regimen showed promising activity and conversion rate in patients (pts) with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). In order to evaluate a treatment regimen that was easier to administer, we conducted a dose-escalation study to determine the recommended dose (RD) of irinotecan (IRI) in combination with oxaliplatin and capecitabine and bevacizumab (XELOXIRI/bev) in pts with mCRC. Methods: Pts were eligible if they had mCRC (liver and/or other metastases), ECOG PS 0-1, were either negative or heterozygous for UGT1A1*6 or UGT1A1*28 and were not pretreated for metastatic disease. Treatment consisted of oxaliplatin (100 mg/m 2 day 1), capecitabine (1700 mg/m 2 /day from day 2 to 15), IRI (100,120,150 mg/m 2 for dose levels 1, 2, or 3, day 1) and bev (7.5 mg/kg, day 1), repeated every 3 weeks. The dose of IRI was escalated if dose limiting toxicities (DLT) were absent in the first three pts per cohort, or if &lt;2 DLTs were observed in six pts. If the MTD was not reached at the planned dose levels, the RD of IRI was defined as 150mg/m 2 , which is the maximum dosage approved for use in Japan. Results: 12 pts (F/M: 4/8, median age: 58 years, PS 0/1: 11/1) received a median of 6 cycles of therapy (range 2-12). The DLT was grade 4 neutropenia, which was observed in 1 of 6 pts at dose level 2. MTD was not reached at dose level 3. Therefore, the RD of IRI was defined as 150 mg/m 2 . Most common grade ≥ 3 toxicities were neutropenia (58.3%), anemia (16.6 %), diarrhea (8.3%), and febrile neutropenia (8.3 %). The response rate was 83.3%(95% CI 60-89), including 1 CR, 9 PRs. The disease control rate was 100%(95% CI 80-100). At a median follow-up of 8 months, median PFS was 15 months and median OS was not yet reached. Conclusions: XELOXIRI/bev is a feasible regimen; neutropenia was the DLT; recommended dose of IRI is 150 mg/m². The observed response rate of 83.3% is very promising and warrants further investigation. Clinical trial information: UMIN000005440.
The Art in Science of MicroTAS: the 2013 edition (2014)

The 6th annual μTAS Art in Science Award was presented to Ye Wang of Eindhoven University of Technology at the 17th International Conference of Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences held in Freiburg, Germany, on October 27-31, 2013. The winning image captivated the hearts and minds of the judges and is featured on the front cover of this issue. "Artificial Life", as the author of the work that produced this image named it, was taken with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and shows cilia-like structures (or "microhairs") generated from PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) and magnetic nanoparticles (Y. Wang, Y. Gao, H. M. Wyss, P. D. Anderson and J. M. J. den Toonder, "Out of Cleanroom, Self-assembled Magnetic Artificial Cilia", micro-TAS, 2013, 787-789). To produce the structure the author used a glass mold produced by femtolaser modification and hydrofluoric acid etching. As the title implies, the features produced by this procedure resemble cilia-like structures as seen in a number of eukaryotic cells.
Acute Hormonal and Neuromuscular Responses and Recovery to Forced vs. Maximum Repetitions Multiple Resistance Exercises (2003)

Acute hormonal and neuromuscular responses and recovery three days after the exercises were examined during the maximum repetitions (MR) and forced repetitions (FR) resistance exercise protocols in 16 male athletes. MR included 4 sets of leg presses, 2 sets of squats and 2 sets of knee extensions (with 12 RM) with a 2-min recovery between the sets and 4 min between the exercises. In FR the initial load was chosen to be higher than in MR so that the subject could not lift 12 repetitions per set by himself. After each set to failure the subject was assisted to perform the remaining repetitions to complete the 12 repetitions per set. Thus the exercise intensity was greater in FR than in MR. Both loading protocols led to the great acute increases (p < 0.05 - 0.001) in serum testosterone, free testosterone, cortisol and GH concentrations. However, the responses in cortisol (p < 0.05) and GH (p < 0.01) were larger in FR than in MR. The decrease of 56.5 % (p < 0.001) in maximal isometric force in FR was greater (p < 0.001) than that of 38.3 % in MR (p < 0.001) and force remained lower (p < 0.01) during the recovery in FR compared to MR. The larger decrease in isometric strength in FR than in MR was also associated with the decreased maximal voluntary EMG of the loaded muscles. The data indicate that the forced repetition exercise system induced greater acute hormonal and neuromuscular responses than a traditional maximum repetition exercise system and therefore it may be used to manipulate acute resistance exercise variables in athletes.
Borneo's Palm Oil Plantations - 'Development' or 'Destruction'? (2010)

The disastrous impact that Borneo's palm oil plantations are having on the forest, wildlife, and Indigenous people of Borneo is discussed. The resources that students can use for a case study of the same are highlighted.
RESPONSES OF SEVERAL SWEETPOTATO GENOTYPES TO SOLUTION REPLENISHMENT IN HYDROPONIC CULTURE (1996)

A study was initiated in an environmental growth room to examine the effects of container size on the growth of several sweetpotato genotypes grown under a nutrient replenishment protocol. Plants were grown from vine cuttings of 15 cm in length, planted in 0.15 × 0.15 × 1.2-m growth channels using a closed nutrient film technique system. Nutrient was supplied in a modified half-strength Hoagland's solution with a 1 N: 2.4 K ratio. Nutrient replenishment protocol consisted of daily water replenishment to a constant volume of 38.4 liters in the small reservoir and 345.6 liters in the large reservoir. Nutrients were replenished as needed when the EC of the nutrient solution fell below 1200 mhos/cm. The design used was a split-plot with the main plot being container size and genotypes the subplot. Nine genotypes were evaluated: J6/62, J6176, J8/1, PX/6, PX/10, PX/36, TU-82-155, TU-J1, NCC58. Results showed no effect of container size on storage root yield, foliage fresh and dry mass, leaf area, or vine length. However, plants grown in the large container accumulated more storage root dry mass than those in the small container. All genotypes evaluated showed variation in their responses for all parameters measured.
An Estimate of the Numbers and Density of Low-Energy Structures (or Decoys) in the Conformational Landscape of Proteins (2009)

We show that the number of native-like structures for a polypeptide is, in general, an exponential function of its sequence length. The density of these structures in conformational space remains more or less constant and all the increase appears to come from an expansion in the volume of the space. These results are consistent with earlier reports that were based on other models and techniques.