gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Arsenic uptake in bean and cabbage grown in silty and sandy soil and irrigated with arsenic containing water (2022)

The uptake of arsenic was studied in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L.) in an open greenhouse pot culture with sand and silt soil as substrate. The plants were irrigated with water containing sodium arsenate at concentrations 0.05 and 0.2 mg As L-1. The total arsenic concentration of the different plants parts was determined by ICP-MS, following microwave-assisted acid digestion. The As concentration in the bean was in the order: root&gt;shoot&gt;bean pod and in cabbage: root&gt;leaves. Increasing As concentration in the irrigation water resulted in decreased edible biomass production in bean, while in cabbage the edible biomass production increased. At the highest dose (0.2 mg As L-1) if a person consumes about 450g of bean then their As intake will be: 0.9 µg from bean grown in sand and 0.72 µg from bean grown in silt. If 450g of cabbage is consumed then the As intake would be: 22.5 µg from cabbage grown in sand and 12.15 µg from cabbage grown in silt. Considering the WHO recommended MTDI limit of 2 µg kg-1 body weight, both bean and cabbage can be consumed at the highest As treatment level of 0.2 mg L-1.
Local active gingival immunization by a 3,800-molecular-weight streptococcal antigen in protection against dental caries (1986)

Local gingival immunization was attempted in an effort to confine the immune response to the oral cavity and bypass the systemic immune response. A low-molecular-weight (3.8K) streptococcal antigen (SA) I/II was applied 10 times over a period of 1 year to the gingival crevices of rhesus monkeys. The antigen was maintained in situ by means of silicone rubber appliances. Serial examinations over a period of 1 year showed that topical gingival immunization with the 3.8K SA results in a significantly lower incidence of dental caries and colonization of Streptococcus mutans compared with that of the sham-immunized controls. This was associated with an increase in gingival crevicular immunoglobulin G and salivary immunoglobulin A anti-SA I/II antibodies, whereas no change occurred in serum antibodies to SA I/II. The immune mechanism which prevents the colonization of S. mutans and the development of caries may involve antibodies that prevent the adherence of S. mutans to the teeth and facilitate phagocytosis and killing by the local neutrophils. This novel route of local immunization is noninvasive, does not cause side effects, and bypasses systemic immunization.
Beneficial Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Sirolimus- or Everolimus-Induced Hypertriglyceridemia in Heart Transplant Recipients (2008)

Treatment with mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors after HTx induces marked increase in serum levels of triglycerides. Omega-3 FAs significantly lower triglyceride levels and seem to be effective, safe, and well-tolerated in sirolimus- or everolimus-treated heart transplant recipients.
Ophthalmic lenses testing by moire deflectometry (1991)

The Moir&eacute; Deflectometry has been used with success for determination of refractive index, temperature gradients analysis, topography and parallelism control of surfaces and others, Nowadays it’s been applied this method to oftalmic lenses testing. However the Moir&eacute; Deflectometry applied to oftalmic industry need an automatization of the tests, which present some advantages in the quality control process made in industries working with its. In this work we present results of the spherical aberration and astigmatism coefficients, curvature radii and power measures, of different oftalmic lenses. This results are compared with other ones obtained by means of other techniques, in general, more expensive and tedious that Moir&eacute; Deflectometry.
Variation of the Transmembrane Potential Level as a Basic Mechanism of Mitosis Control (1970)

A range of experimental observations suggests that a significant correlation exists between the level of the electrical transmembrane potential difference in somatic cells and the degree of their mitotic activity. The present paper, after review of pertinent experimental background data, assumes that a functional relationship between potential level and mitotic activity does exist and, invoking the precepts of classical membrane potential theory, proceeds with the formulation of a basic theory of mitosis control wherein the intracellular ionic conditions associated with various levels of the potential difference act to regulate DNA synthesis and other essential preparations for mitosis. The theory links the activity of the potential-generation mechanisms of the cell surface complex, and hence mitogenic activity, with cellular metabolism and with external environmental influences through an explicit system of interacting feedback circuits. Inherent in the overall theoretical development is the formulation of a unified theory of the cytogenetic etiology and maintenance of the malignant state. Additional specific experimental evidence is cited in support of the theoretical concepts developed.
Micromachine-based multi-channel flow cytometers for cell/particle counting and sorting (2004)

This paper reports a new micromachine-based flow cytometer capable of parallel processing of cell/particle counting and sorting using microfluidic technologies. Hydrodynamic focusing of multiple sample streams is first achieved by using a new layout of sheath flow channels coming from one single inlet port. Thus only one syringe pump is required during the operation. The flow rate of each sheath flow could be much more stable and uniform with this approach. The images of the focused multiple samples are then recorded downstream utilizing a high-speed digital CCD camera. The digital image processing technique is then used to count the number of the cells/particles. Theoretical models based on a 'flow-rate-ratio' method are used to predict the width of the multiple focused streams, which could be incorporated with a digital image processing system for cell/particle counting. Experimental data are found to be highly consistent with the theoretical results. Experimental data show that the developed device can successfully detect the number of cells/particles in two parallel sample streams and the velocities of the cells/particles in each cell line as well. Low counting error and high counting reliability are also verified by counting a mixture of polystyrene beads with different sizes. In addition, human red blood cells are used for the cell-counting test. Subsequently, cell/particle sorting could be achieved using dielectrophoretic (DEP) forces generated by built-in micro-electrodes downstream. Cell/particle sorting has been performed successfully using the DEP electrodes. The development of the multi-channel micro-flow cytometer could be crucial for the advancement of the cell-counting device.
Automatic Enlarge and Deployment of Computer Cluster Using Dual-Boot Approach (2013)

The paper presents an innovative and simple way of creating computer clustering and obtaining HPC clusters using computers in the classroom, Ethernet facilities and open source software. Automatic enlarge of a computer cluster is a cost-effective way to increase available computing power. This is achieved by forming a computer cluster from the computers in the classroom. The main aim of this paper is to present a solution that will use existing resources in the computer classroom, for applying complex computer services/jobs under the Linux operating system. The execution of these services/jobs programs is performed at the time when the computing resources are not in used in learning under the Windows operating system. A real-life example of applying computers in dual-boot Windows/Linux work mode along with the developed software application support is presented in a teaching environment. The implementation also includes logistics and support for automatic computer clustering and for service/ job programs execution. The primary goal is to use existing resources for useful applications in education in the image programming, simulations and volume rendering.
In vivo and in vitro evidence for pleiotropic effects of levosimendan in the intensive care setting (2011)

Levosimendan, in addition to its inotropic properties, could have anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties, and can potentially decrease the deleterious effects of reactive oxygen species on the tissues. In their study, Hasslacher and colleagues provided not only in vitro but also in vivo evidence that levosimendan could preserve organ function in acute heart failure and septic-shock-induced myocardial depression via cooling down the oxidative burst of circulating cells.
Effectiveness of neomycin and polymyxin ointments: prevention of Staphylococcus Aureus keratitis in rabbits. (1975)

Combinations of neomycin sulfate and polymyxin B sulfate are commonly used in ophthalmic ointments for the treatment or the prevention of bacterial keratoconjunctivitis. In this study we evaluated the effectiveness of various ointments containing these two antibiotics, alone and in combination, in preventing Staphylococcus aureus keratitis in rabbits. Rabbit eyes were infected by intracorneal inoculation, treated topically with ointment and graded by gross observation 24 hours after inoculation. Treatment with ointments containing neomycin alone offered significant protection against these corneal infections. The polymyxin B ointments, as well as the vehicle controls, were ineffective in preventing S aureus infections in the rabbit eyes. However, by far, the most effective ointment formulations tested were the combination ointments and specifically those containing 1.75-3.50 mg neomycin and 3,000-6,000 units polymycin B per gram of ointment.
Wide-Area Protection and Emergency Control (2005)

System-wide disturbances in power systems are a challenging problem for the utility industry because of the large scale and the complexity of the power system. When a major power system disturbance occurs, protection and control actions are required to stop the power system degradation, restore the system to a normal state, and minimize the impact of the disturbance. In some cases, the present control actions are not designed for a fast-developing disturbance and may be too slow. The report explores special protection schemes and new technologies for advanced, wide-area protection. There seems to be a great potential for advanced wide-area protection and control systems, based on powerful, flexible and reliable system protection terminals, high speed, communication, and GPS synchronization in conjunction with careful and skilled engineering by power system analysts and protection engineers in cooperation.
Markers of treatment failure in hospitalised community acquired pneumonia (2008)

Serum levels of CRP, IL6 and PCT on days 1 and 3 were independently associated with a higher risk of any treatment failure. Low levels of PCT and CRP on day 1 had a high negative predictive value for early failure.
Defensive Production Of Quinoline By A Phasmid Insect (Oreophoetes Peruana) (1997)

Adults and nymphs of the Peruvian stick insect Oreophoetes peruana (order Phasmatodea) have a pair of thoracic glands from which they discharge a malodorous fluid when disturbed. The secretion contains a single volatile component, quinoline. Quinoline has not been reported previously from an animal source. The compound proved repellent or topically irritant in assays with ants, spiders, cockroaches and frogs. O. peruana nymphs, at molting, do not extricate the shed cuticular lining of the glands, thereby managing not to lose their secretory supply when they cast their skin. They are able, as a consequence, to discharge secretion even while still teneral after molting.
Investigation into Relation of Aspect Ratio in Liquid Rocket Engine Cooling Channels using Conjugate Heat Transfer Analysis (2020)

A Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis is done for an 89 kN hydrogen-cooled, thrust chamber (cooling channel with simplified geometry various aspect ratios (height/ width) in order to determine enhancement effects and feasibility of using a straight channel approximation. An existing smooth walled regeneratively cooled chamber scenario is used as a baseline case in order to be compared with generated result. With varying aspect ratios, the adjacent sidewalls may behave as heat transfer fins, thus participating in the overall heat transfer process in the channel, increasing the Nusselt number. The contour channel from a previous study is transformed into a straight channel, with the wall temperature boundary condition being defined. The performance characteristics of the channels in a CFD study are then monitored in order to determine the relation between straight channel approximation and contour channel simulation and whether they correspond.
High speed microrobot actuation in a microfluidic chip by levitated structure with riblet surface (2012)

This paper presents the high speed microrobot actuation driven by permanent magnets in a microfluidic chip. The riblet surface, which is regularly arrayed V groove reduces the fluid friction and enables stable actuation in high speed. The comprehensive analysis of fluid force, the optimum design and its fabrication were conducted and proved the friction reduction by riblet. The Ni and Si composite fabrication was employed to form the optimum riblet shape on the microrobot surface by wet and dry etching. The evaluation experiments show the microrobot can actuate up to 90 Hs, which is 10 times higher than the original microrobot. In addition, it can be applied to cell manipulation without harm since the microrobot is covered by Si, which is bio-compatible. One of the applications of developed microrobot was demonstrated by assembling cell aggregation in high speed.
Long-range alpha detector (1991)

Historically, alpha-particle and alpha-contamination detectors have been limited by the very short range of alpha particles in air and by relatively poor sensitivity even if the particles are intercepted. Alpha detectors have had to be operated in a vacuum or in close proximity to the source if reasonable efficiency is desired. Alpha particles interact with the ambient air, producing ionization in the air at the rate of {approximately}30,000 ion pairs per mega-electron-volt of alpha energy. These charges can be transported over significant distances (several meters) in a moving current of air generated by a small fan. An ion chamber located in front of the fan measures the current carried by the moving ions. The long-range alpha detector (LRAD) offers several advantages over more traditional alpha detectors. First and foremost, it can operate efficiently even if the contamination is not easily accessible. Second, ions generated by contamination in crevices and other unmonitorable locations can be detected if the airflow penetrates those areas. Third, all of the contamination on a large surface will generate ions that can be detected in a single detector; hence, the detector's sensitivity to distributed sources is not limited by the size of the probe. Finally, a simplemore » ion chamber can detect very small electric currents, making this technique potentially quite sensitive.« less
Increased Maximum Count Rates in Single-photon Avalanche Diodes with Ultrafast Active Quenching (2012)

We demonstrate ultrafast active-quenching techniques in a silicon single-photon avalanche diode, and observe an order of magnitude reduction in afterpulsing, a factor of 1.8 reduction in diode recovery time, and increased maximum count rates.
Substitute for agar in solid media for common usages in microbiology (1976)

The potassium salt of carrageenan was found to be an adequate replacement for agar in solid bacteriological media. The common microbial genetic techniques, such as purifying colonies by streaking, replication tests, and titration of cultures, were carried out sucessfully with a number of mutant strains of Escherichia coli.
Meta-Learning Online Adaptation of Language Models (2023)

Large language models encode impressively broad world knowledge in their parameters. However, the knowledge in static language models falls out of date, limiting the model's effective "shelf life." While online fine-tuning can reduce this degradation, we find that naively fine-tuning on a stream of documents leads to a low level of information uptake. We hypothesize that online fine-tuning does not sufficiently attend to important information. That is, the gradient signal from important tokens representing factual information is drowned out by the gradient from inherently noisy tokens, suggesting that a dynamic, context-aware learning rate may be beneficial. We therefore propose learning which tokens to upweight. We meta-train a small, autoregressive model to reweight the language modeling loss for each token during online fine-tuning, with the objective of maximizing the out-of-date base question-answering model's ability to answer questions about a document after a single weighted gradient step. We call this approach Context-aware Meta-learned Loss Scaling (CaMeLS). Across three different distributions of documents, our experiments find that CaMeLS provides substantially improved information uptake on streams of thousands of documents compared with standard fine-tuning and baseline heuristics for reweighting token losses.
Unusual Nanoparticle Structures from the Silica Sol–Gel‐Mediated Self‐Assembly of a Prussian‐Blue Analogue and the Formation of Templated Graphite Regions (2007)

A carbon copy that's in a glass of its own: Nanoparticle structures are formed from the gelation of a silica sol–gel solution and the precipitation of a KIXNiIIY[FeIII(CN)6] Prussian-blue analogue in the sol–gel solution. Calcination of the resulting nanoparticle glass destroys the complex, leaves imprints in the silica, and deposits graphite crystals oriented along the long dimension of the void.
Cover Image, Volume 29, Issue 6 (2017)

The cover image, by Yoshiyuki Ogino et al., is based on the Regular Article LC–MS/MS and chiroptical spectroscopic analyses of multidimensional metabolic systems of chiral thalidomide and its derivatives, DOI: 10.1002/chir.22683.
Light field compression using disparity-compensated lifting (2003)

We propose a novel approach for light field compression that incorporates disparity compensation into 4-D wavelet coding using disparity-compensated lifting. With this approach, we obtain the benefits of wavelet coding, including compression efficiency and scalability in all dimensions. Additionally, our proposed approach solves the irreversibility limitations of previous wavelet coding approaches. Experimental results show that the compression efficiency of the proposed technique outperforms current state-of-the-art wavelet coding techniques by a wide margin.
Memory Representation in Transformer (2021)

Transformer-based models have achieved state-of-the-art results in many natural language processing tasks. The self-attention architecture allows transformer to combine information from all elements of a sequence into context-aware representations. However, information about the context is stored mostly in the same element-wise representations. This might limit the processing of properties related to the sequence as a whole more difficult. Adding trainable memory to selectively store local as well as global representations of a sequence is a promising direction to improve the Transformer model. Memory-augmented neural networks (MANNs) extend traditional neural architectures with general-purpose memory for representations. MANNs have demonstrated the capability to learn simple algorithms like Copy or Reverse and can be successfully trained via backpropagation on diverse tasks from question answering to language modeling outperforming RNNs and LSTMs of comparable complexity. In this work, we propose and study few extensions of the Transformer baseline (1) by adding memory tokens to store non-local representations, (2) creating memory bottleneck for the global information, (3) controlling memory update with dedicated layer. We evaluate these memory augmented Transformers and demonstrate that presence of memory positively correlates with the model performance for machine translation and language modelling tasks. Augmentation of pre-trained masked language model with memory tokens shows mixed results for tasks from GLUE benchmark. Visualization of attention patterns over the memory suggest that it improves the model's ability to process a global context.
OP-5. Imaging focal infection in granulocytopaenic rats (1997)

Dams, E. T.M.; Oyen, W. J.G.; Boerman, O. C.; Storm, G.; Laverman, P.; van der Meer, J. W.M.; Corstens, F. H.M. Author Information
Modal Analysis of the Tubular Space Frame of a Formula Student Race Car (2020)

This document presents the characterization of the dynamic mechanical properties of a racecar's frame. First, it introduces the applicability of modal analysis, then the modal analysis of a lightweight vehicle chassis will be detailed, which is the focal point of this paper. This analysis was performed to determine some of the modal parameters, in order to reduce the noise of the vehicle, the probability of a component failure and to improve the comfort. The simulation part of the applied analysis was based on dynamic FEM (Finite Element Method). The measurement part of it was based on measuring the FRFs (Frequency Response Functions), with the help of accelerometers fixed at the nodes of the frame. The excitation signals were provided by a shaker connected to the chassis. In order to provide good quality results, the processing and evaluation of the simulated and measured data has to be done properly, which is discussed in detail. However, one dominant factor of a modal analysis is to find the optimal measurement setup. For this reason, the details of the measurement setup will be included. Hence one of the goals was to improve the coherence curves of the FRFs. Thanks to the presented techniques, the coherence curves managed to be improved and the results of the simulation and the measurement were found to be in good agreement.
RNA Required for Import of Precursor Proteins into Mitochondria (1984)

A cytoplasmic RNA moiety is necessary for posttranslational uptake of nuclear-encoded mammalian proteins destined for the mitochondrial matrix. Post-translational addition of ribonuclease to a reticulocyte lysate-programmed cell-free translation mixture inhibited subsequent import of six different mitochondrial matrix enzyme precursors into rat liver mitochondria. The required RNA is highly protected, as indicated by the high concentrations of ribonuclease necessary to produce this inhibition. The dependence of the inhibitory effect on temperature, duration of exposure to ribonuclease, and availability of divalent cations is characteristic of the nuclease susceptibility of ribonucleoproteins. The ribonuclease-sensitive component was found in a 400-kilodalton fraction which contains the mitochondrial protein precursors.
Operant conditioning automata model and a bionic autonomous learning process (2009)

This paper presents an operant conditioning automata model (hereinafter referred to ¿OCM¿), and designs a bionic autonomous learning method which can be used to describe and simulate a bionic autonomous learning process. The model can be considered as an active learning permitting to select a better action according to psychology behavior propensity, and the aim is to learn to find the optimal action finally. During the learning process, the system selects an action randomly according to the probability distribution of action selection, which is updated by the behavior propensity from the environment. We apply our model on skinner-pigeon experiment. In simulation, we confirmed that this model could successfully simulate operant conditioning.