gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phraseologie im Zeitalter der Informatik und des Internets (2001)

Der Einsatz des Computers in der Linguistik und auch im Fremdsprachenunterricht ist nichts Neues. Besonders im Bereich der Lexikographie und der Ubersetzung hat der Computer schon vor langer Zeit eine wichtige Rolle ubernommen. Auf dem Gebiet der Ubersetzung setzen sich die maschinelle und computergestutzte Ubersetzung immer mehr durch und auch in der Phraseologie bote sich der Computereinsatz, wie die Beispiele im Laufe dieses Kapitels zeigen, geradezu an. Man konnte eine Phraseologiedatenbank erstellen, die sich aus Eintragen mit verschiedenartigen Informationen zu bestimmten Phraseologismen zusammensetzt. Des Weiteren mussten sich die Informationen der Datenbank leicht erweitern und modifizieren lassen. Datenbanken verfugen auserdem uber ein groseres Volumen als traditionelle Worterbucher. Es konnen somit mehr Varianten und zahlreichere Beispiele aufgenommen werden. Erste Versuche mochte ich mit Hilfe des SZ-Archivs, eine Datenbank der Suddeutschen Zeitung, des Eurodicautom und der Textkorpora des IDS veranschaulichen. Ziel kann aber nur sein, mit Hilfe dieser Informationen, eine eigene Phraseologiedatenbank zu erstellen. Die Datenbank musste aus mehreren Masken bestehen, die u.a. Angaben uber Herkunft, Gebrauch, Stilmerkmale und Ubersetzungsmoglichkeiten in zahlreiche europaische Sprachen enthielten. Auserdem musste sie standig aktualisiert werden und nur authentische Beispiele aus verschiedenen Textsorten enthalten, die sowohl den Bereich der schriftlichen als auch der mundlichen Sprache abdecken. Solch eine Datenbank ware mit einem enormen Arbeitsaufwand verbunden und ware nur innerhalb eines mehrjahrigen Forschungsprojekts zu realisieren. Diesen enormen Arbeitsaufwand belegt auch das folgende Zitat von Dobrovol’skij (1989: 527):
Public Health Preparedness & Response: An Exercise in Administrative Law (2018)

Responses to epidemics, pandemics, and other biological disasters require multiple coordinated initiatives that combine sophisticated planning, sound emergency management, effective stockpiles, solid geographic information systems, well-developed laboratory surveillance and response, and effective management capabilities. Critical to the noted elements of planning and response is the existence of a legal structure, which underpins the operations of necessary programs. While the law may not be the first public health tool considered in a disaster, it is fundamental to the effective functioning of multiple actors and must be harmonized across jurisdictional lines. This article explores the role of law in pandemics and other biological catastrophes, highlighting broad developments in public health law that have been sparked by recent events. The piece will consider general responses and trends in health disaster management in the context of administrative law with a particular focus on agency responses. Background discussion will also offer a broad overview of the evolution of federal and state laws, highlighting core areas where parallel legal frameworks have developed. The second half of this essay will paint a more detailed portrait of administrative law responses to public health disasters focusing on the Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”), exploring medical countermeasures pursued by this agency to enhance preparedness and response. Key FDA legislation and recent guidance, as well as emergency use authorization (“EUA”) policies, will be analyzed, as a case study of how a pivotal agency has been shaped through law to deal with public health crises.
Lloyd's Introduction to Jurisprudence (1985)

The nature of jurisprudence. Meaning of the law. Natural law. Bentham, Austin and classical positivism. Pure theory of law. Modern trends in analytical jurisprudence. Theories of Justice. Sociological jurisprudence and the sociology of law. American realism. The Scandinavian realists. Historical and anthropological jurisprudence. Marxist theories of law and state. Critical legal studies. Feminist jurisprudence. Postmodernist jurisprudence. Critical Race Theory.Theories of adjudication.
Frost accumulation control on an upward-facing horizontal flat plate using electric field (2009)

The paper discusses the results of an experimental study carried out to investigate the influence of a DC electric field on frost formation and accumulation on an upward-facing flat plate. An experimental setup was built to investigate the influence of the electric field intensity and uniformity on frost mass accumulated on the flat surface and to analyse its dependence on cold surface temperature, air velocity and test duration under an electric field. In the experimental campaign different electrode geometries were adopted allowing to compare uniform electric field with non-uniform ones. Every experiment was conducted under constant environmental conditions (air dry bulb temperature and air relative humidity) which were appropriate for heat pump applications and not well investigated in open literature. The results show that the electric field allows reducing the frost mass accumulated on flat plate surface up to a value of 26 % while the power required to maintain the electric field is quite low. They also suggest that uniform electric field could achieve better results even if its applicability has to be deeply considered.
Viral vectors in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (2000)

Parkinson's disease is an obvious target for the development of gene therapy procedures which could involve both the delivery of the gene encoding tyrosine hydroxylase to boost dopamine production or the delivery of genes encoding neurotrophic factors such as GDNF to promote the survival of dopaminergic neurons. A variety of different viral and nonviral methods for achieving such gene delivery are described together with the particular advantages of herpes simplex virus-based vectors which have the potential to deliver multiple therapeutic genes in a single virus vector.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New Heterocyclic System of 4,5,7,8‐Tetrahydroimidazo[1,2‐c][1,3]thiazolo[4,5‐e] [1,3,2]diazaphosphinine Starting from 2‐Aroylamino‐3,3‐dichloroacrylonitrile. (2011)

Abstract A synthetic pathway to novel title compounds (V) is elaborated.
Comparison of Acetaminophen Degradation by Laccases Immobilized by Two Different Methods via a Continuous Flow Microreactor Process Scheme (2022)

The presence of micropollutants in wastewater is one of the most significant environmental challenges. Particularly, pollutants such as pharmaceutical residues present high stability and resistance to conventional physicochemical and biological degradation processes. Thus, we aimed at immobilizing a laccase enzyme by two different methods: the first one was based on producing alginate-laccase microcapsules through a droplet-based microfluidic system; the second one was based on covalent binding of the laccase molecules on aluminum oxide (Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) pellets. Immobilization efficiencies approached 92.18% and 98.22%, respectively. Laccase immobilized by the two different methods were packed into continuous flow microreactors to evaluate the degradation efficiency of acetaminophen present in artificial wastewater. After cyclic operation, enzyme losses were found to be up to 75 µg/mL and 66 µg/mL per operation cycle, with a maximum acetaminophen removal of 72% and 15% and a retention time of 30 min, for the laccase-alginate microcapsules and laccase-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> pellets, respectively. The superior catalytic performance of laccase-alginate microcapsules was attributed to their higher porosity, which enhances retention and, consequently, increased the chances for more substrate-enzyme interactions. Finally, phytotoxicity of the treated water was lower than that of the untreated wastewater, especially when using laccase immobilized in alginate microcapsules. Future work will be dedicated to elucidating the routes for scaling-up and optimizing the process to assure profitability.
AlGaAs/InGaAs Pseudomorphic Doped Channel Field Effect Transistor with A P-AlAs Buffer Layer Grown by Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition (2000)

An AlAs buffer layer was successfully utilized in a 0.25-µm-gate pseudomorphic doped channel field effect transistor for the first time by growing a high quality p-AlAs layer by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition that attenuated the commonly observed roughness-induced degradation. Compared with a device containing a thick GaAs buffer layer alone, the RF g m / g DS ratio and f max in this device were increased by 42% to 39 and by 19% to 160 GHz, respectively, at the expense of a slight decrease in g m and f T . As a result of the reduced leakage conduction through the buffer layer at high temperatures, the fabricated doped channel FET with the p-AlAs buffer layer was completely pinched off and it exhibited excellent DC current–voltage characteristics even at elevated temperatures up to 200°C.
Ultrafast Coherent Control of Excitons Using Pulse-Shaping Technique (2000)

In this paper, we report on the ultrafast coherent control of excitons in quantum wells using a phase-locked pulse sequence generated by pulse-shaping techniques. The pulse-shaping system with a double liquid-crystal spatial light modulator (SLM), and a Ti 3+ -sapphire laser is used to generate phase-locked pulses. The ultrafast coherent control of the exciton population and polarization is demonstrated by the observation of the reflectivity change in the pump-probe and the diffracted power in the degenerate-four-wave-mixing (DFWM) measurements. In single quantum wells, good coherent control characteristics with 87% coherent carrier destruction are demonstrated at the low excitation power of 0.15 mW (∼1.1×10 10 photons/cm 2 ). In addition, the preliminary manipulation of the exciton population is demonstrated by the phase-locked triple pulses. In the case of coupled quantum wells, the modulation of the SLM is carefully controlled and the coherent control of both the exciton population and the polarization is demonstrated in the two different coupled quantum-well samples.
An Improved Design of an Adaptive Sliding Mode Controller for Chattering Attenuation and Trajectory Tracking of the Quadcopter UAV (2020)

Quadcopter unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) systems are receiving remarkable attention from researchers due to their daily use in numerous applications, particularly at the current time where UAVs are playing a significant role in combating the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper is concerned with the problem of UAV navigation and control in the presence of uncertainty and external disturbances. It addresses this issue by proposing an improved adaptive sliding mode control (IASMC). Improved control law generates an adaptive switching gain achieving fast adaptation and robustness against both parameter uncertainties and external disturbances. Simultaneously, the control law allows for maintaining robust trajectory tracking with chattering attenuation. The performance of the proposed IASMC controller has been evaluated using a Matlab/Simulink platform. The obtained simulation results showed that the proposed IASMC control scheme as an inner loop controller is robust when dealing with uncertainties and can effectively track the desired trajectories while significantly attenuating the well-known chattering introduced by the SMC controller.
Thermodynamics of black holes from equipartition of energy and holography (2010)

A gravitational potential in the relativistic case is introduced as an alternative to Wald's potential used by Verlinde, which reproduces the familiar entropy/area relation $S=A/4$ (in the natural units) when Verlinde's idea is applied to the black hole case. Upon using the equipartition rule, the correct form of the Komar mass (energy) can also be obtained, which leads to the Einstein equations. It is explicitly shown that our entropy formula agrees with Verlinde's entropy variation formula in spherical cases. The stationary space-times, especially the Kerr-Newman black hole, are then discussed, where it is shown that the equipartition rule involves the reduced mass, instead of the Arnowitt-Deser-Misner mass, on the horizon of the black hole.
Productivity improvement and charge variant modulation for intensified cell culture processes by adding a carboxypeptidase B (CpB) treatment step (2021)

The goal of cell culture process intensification is to improve productivity while maintaining acceptable quality attributes. In this report, four processes, namely a conventional manufacturing Process A, and processes intensified by enriched N-1 seed (Process B), by perfusion N-1 seed (Process C), and by perfusion production (Process D) were developed for the production of a monoclonal antibody. The three intensified processes substantially improved productivity, however, the product either failed to meet the specification for charge variant species (main peak) for Process D or the production process required early harvest to meet the specification for charge variant species, Day 10 or Day 6 for Processes B and C, respectively. The lower main peak for the intensified processes was due to higher basic species resulting from higher C-terminal lysine. To resolve this product quality issue, we developed an enzyme treatment method by introducing carboxypeptidase B (CpB) to clip the C-terminal lysine, leading to significantly increased main peak and an acceptable and more homogenous product quality for all the intensified processes. Additionally, Processes B and C with CpB treatment extended bioreactor durations to Day 14 increasing titer by 38% and 108%, respectively. This simple yet effective enzyme treatment strategy could be applicable to other processes that have similar product quality issues.
Sub-ppm electrical detection of hydrogen sulfide gas at room temperature based on printed copper acetate–gold nanoparticle composite films (2015)

This paper presents the sub-ppm level electrical detection of H<sub>2</sub>S gas at room temperature using printed copper acetate–gold nanoparticle composite films either on (A) silver or (B) gold/AuNP electrodes.
Wi-Fi Sensing for Joint Gesture Recognition and Human Identification From Few Samples in Human-Computer Interaction (2022)

Gesture recognition is the central enabler of human-computer interaction (HCI). In addition to the semantic information contained in gestures, gesture-based user identification can effortlessly enhance HCI system security. Recently, the Wi-Fi-integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) technology has shown great potential in a field hitherto occupied by computer vision and radar sensing. In this work, leveraging Wi-Fi sensing, we propose a system called WiGesID that achieves joint gesture recognition and human identification (JGRHI). The basic idea behind WiGesID is to identify personalized spatiotemporal dynamic patterns from the gestures of different users. Moreover, we develop an effective approach to recognize new categories of gestures and users by computing relation scores between the features of the new category samples and the support samples. To evaluate the performance, we implemented WiGesID and conducted extensive experiments. The results demonstrate that our system outperforms the state-of-the-art method for cross-domain sensing and accurately recognizes new categories, which promotes the use of this application of Wi-Fi sensing in HCI.
Red mud soil contamination near an urban settlement analyzed by airborne hyperspectral remote sensing (2009)

The red mud dust risk involves the accumulative contamination of land and dwellings in the community with highly alkaline fine particulate containing heavy metals and other pollutants. This paper demonstrates that hyperspectral airborne remote sensing data can provide an effective, rapid and repeatable tool for mapping and monitoring the spread of red dust providing the location of the polluted areas to be checked. We perform field and laboratory analyses of red mud and soil samples collected in the study area and identify the optical characteristics of the samples to characterize the red mud spectral features. Next, we use hyperspectral airborne data covering an aluminium processing plant in Montenegro (EU). The joint use of MIVIS reflectance and emissivities data allowed us to individuate and map those sites on which the red dust is spread by the dominant winds, where a check for reclamation or a neutralization intervention is required.
Shape Preserving Surfaces for the Visualization of Positive and Convex Data using Rational Biquadratic Splines (2011)

A smooth surface interpolation scheme for positive and convex data has been developed. This scheme has been extended from the rational quadratic spline function of Sarfraz [11] to a rational bi-quadratic spline function. Simple data dependent constraints are derived on the free parameters in the description of rational bi-quadratic spline function to preserve the shape of 3D positive and convex data. The rational spline scheme has a unique representation.
Effect of UV Filters during the Application of Pulsed Light to Reduce Lactobacillus brevis Contamination and 3-Methylbut-2-ene-1-thiol Formation While Preserving the Physicochemical Attributes of Blonde Ale and Centennial Red Ale Beers (2023)

Pulsed light (PL) is a novel, non-thermal technology being used to control the microbial spoilage of foods and beverages. Adverse sensory changes, commonly characterized as "lightstruck", can occur in beers when exposed to the UV portion of PL due to the formation of 3-methylbut-2-ene-1-thiol (3-MBT) upon the photodegradation of iso-α-acids. This study is the first to investigate the effect of different portions of the PL spectrum on UV-sensitive beers (light-colored blonde ale and dark-colored centennial red ale) using clear and bronze-tinted UV filters. PL treatments with its entire spectrum, including the ultraviolet portion of the spectrum, resulted in up to 4.2 and 2.4 log reductions of <i>L. brevis</i> in the blonde ale and centennial red ale beers, respectively, but also resulted in the formation of 3-MBT and small but significant changes in physicochemical properties including color, bitterness, pH, and total soluble solids. The application of UV filters effectively maintained 3-MBT below the limit of quantification but significantly reduced microbial deactivation to 1.2 and 1.0 log reductions of <i>L. brevis</i> at 8.9 J/cm<sup>2</sup> fluence with a clear filter. Further optimization of the filter wavelengths is considered necessary to fully apply PL for beer processing and possibly other light-sensitive foods and beverages.
Introducing eservices in business process models (2002)

The need for automatic support of business processes that extend over the boundaries of an enterprise is a recognized need of emerging virtual organizations. To make workflow technologies useful during the enactment of business processes involving many partners that reciprocally provide and consume services, it is important to provide a model, and supporting technologies, to manage the introduction of services in workflow models.This paper introduces a framework for the introduction of eServices in business process models. The framework comprises RDF based languages to model processes, services, and service composition, and supporting technologies to generate executable workflow models, including interfaces to the actual services, from the models.
ChemInform Abstract: Kinetics of Anation of Cr(III) Hydrolytic Oligomers: Reaction of Dimer with Sulfate. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Tissue and Substrate Specific Esterase Isozyme Banding Pattern in Macrobrachium rosenbergii (2013)

Tissue and substrate specificity of esterase isozymes was studied from five different tissues of Macrobrachium rosenbergii on polyacrylamide gels (7.5 %) stained with α or β or both α and β naphthyl acetates together. Altogether, five esterase bands (Est-1, Est-2, Est-3, Est-4 and Est-5) were observed that showed both tissue and substrate specific expression. Maximum, four esterase bands were found in eye (Est1, Est-3, Est-4 and Est-5) and tail muscle (Est-1, Est-2, Est-4 and Est-5) while other tissues showed three bands stained with both α and β naphthyl acetates together. Est-5 was highly expressed (100%) in all the tissues as well as in all three substrates (α or β or α-β naphthyl acetates together). Most of the bands were found to be α-β specific (68 %) while few bands were α (28 %) or β (36%) specific. Both Est-1 and Est-4 were completely absent in α as well as in β stained gels.
Synthesis of P-Fluorodithioacids of Phosphorus and Their Synthetic Application (2002)

Oligonucleotides containing 3'- S -P(S) and 5'- S -P(S) fragments in the deoxy-series are available only by tedious multistep procedures. We have developed a novel and efficient methodology based on ring opening of anhydronucleosides by phosphorus dithioacids. This approach allows efficient synthesis of modified dinucleotides of the ribo-series.
The Last Generation or the First Enhanced-Potency Broad Spectrum Cephalosporin? (1995)

Summary Cefepime and 8 other ~-lactam antibiotics were compared with regard to in vitro activity against 134 clinical isolates of Gram-negative bacteria resistant to ~-lactam antibiotics by a variety of mechanisms. Overall, cefepime was the most active cephalosporin tested, inhibiting 104 of 112 (93%) strains of Enterobacteriaceae and 12 of 22 (55%) strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa at concentrations of 8 mg/L or less. In contrast, ceftazidime inhibited only 64 (57%) of the Enterobacteriaceae and 11 (50%) of the P. aeruginosa strains . Imipenem was the most active ~-Iactam agent tested, although some strains resistant to the carbapenem were susceptible to cefepime. Cefepime was less likely than ceftazidime to select mutants from organisms possessing inducible Bush Group I ~-lactamases. Of 19 mutants selected by various cephalosporins, 18 (95%) re­ mained susceptible to cefepime, whereas only 6 (32%) were susceptible to ceftazidime. These findings suggest that cefepime possesses enhanced activity compared with other cephalosporins, and this may result from its improved penetration into the Gram-negative cell and the lower affinity of ~-lactamases for the drug.
[MALT-type non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: advances in biopsy diagnosis and pathogenesis]. (1999)

Malignant Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue display unique morphological and biological features. Unlike the situation in nodal lymphomas, they almost invariably arise from defined and recognisable precursor lesions, such as chronic infections or autoimmune diseases. From the diagnostic point of view, efforts have been undertaken to define (1) the minimal requirements for the unequivocal diagnosis of MALT-type lymphoma, (2) the regression stages after Helicobacter pylori eradication, and (3) to establish a grading system for the respective lesions. Of importance, it must be emphasized that in most cases the biopsy received in first-line is not enough in establishing a correct diagnosis with regard to biological and therapeutic implications. In particular, the accurate estimation of the biological aggressiveness of the tumour will in most cases require extensive rebiopsies. As in nodal tumours, the genetic constitution of low grade MALT-type lymphomas is more and more revealed. While data on the importance of numerical aberrations are conflicting, certain structural aberrations, such as the t(1;14) and the t(11;18), have been unequivocally linked to MALT-type lymphomas. Preliminary data suggest that these aberrations may target the apoptotic pathway. Their recognition may herald the evolution of new tumour features, such as independence from outer regulatory influences, obviously in early stages determined by the microenvironment and might be closely related to the site of tumour development and hence be a feature of the primary inflammatory disorder.