gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimized Superconducting Nanowire Single Photon Detectors to Maximize\n Absorptance (2015)

Dispersion characteristics of four types of superconducting nanowire single\nphoton detectors, nano-cavity-array- (NCA-), nano-cavity-deflector-array-\n(NCDA-), nano-cavity-double-deflector-array- (NCDDA-) and\nnano-cavity-trench-array- (NCTA-) integrated (I-A-SNSPDs) devices was optimized\nin three periodicity intervals commensurate with half-, three-quarter- and one\nSPP wavelength. The optimal configurations capable of maximizing NbN\nabsorptance correspond to periodicity dependent tilting in S-orientation\n(90{\\deg} azimuthal orientation). In NCAI-A-SNSPDs absorptance maxima are\nreached at the plasmonic Brewster angle (PBA) due to light tunneling. The\nabsorptance maximum is attained in a wide plasmonic-pass-band in\nNCDAI_1/2*lambda-A, inside a flat-plasmonic-pass-band in NCDAI_3/4*lambda-A and\ninside a narrow plasmonic-band in NCDAI_lambda-A. In NCDDAI_1/2*lambda-A bands\nof strongly-coupled cavity and plasmonic modes cross, in NCDDAI_3/4*lambda-A an\ninverted-plasmonic-band-gap develops, while in NCDDAI_lambda-A a narrow\nplasmonic-pass-band appears inside an inverted-minigap. The absorptance maximum\nis achieved in NCTAI_1/2*lambda-A inside a plasmonic-pass-band, in\nNCTAI_3/4*lambda-A at inverted-plasmonic-band-gap center, while in\nNCTAI_lambda-A inside an inverted-minigap. The highest 95.05% absorptance is\nattained at perpendicular incidence onto NCTAI_lambda-A. Quarter-wavelength\ntype cavity modes contribute to the near-field enhancement around NbN segments\nexcept in NCDAI_lambda-A and NCDDAI_3/4*lambda-A. The polarization contrast is\nmoderate in NCAI-A-SNSPDs (~10^2), NCDAI- and NCDDAI-A-SNSPDs make possible to\nattain considerably large polarization contrast (~10^2-10^3 and ~10^3-10^4),\nwhile NCTAI-A-SNSPDs exhibit a weak polarization selectivity (~10-10^2).\n
Programming with ANSI C (2007)

Designed to serve as a textbook for undergraduate engineering, BCA, and MCA students, Programing with ANSI C++ provides an in-depth coverage of elementary as well as advanced topics of the language. The book starts with a philosophical background and an overview of C++ followed by a systematic discussion of concepts such as classes, objects, functions, constructors, destructors, overloading, standard template library, and templates. An in-depth discussion of topics such as exception handling, in heritance, polymorphism, RTTI, file handling, and namespaces has been presented with suitable examples. To reinforce the understanding of concepts, diagrams and program listings have been included wherever appropriate. The theory is well supported with plenty of application-oriented programs, complete with their source codes and test cases, and exercises in each chapter.
Influence of the Surface Microstructure on the Coupling Between a Quartz Oscillator and a Liquid (1992)

A quartz oscillator, operated with one of its faces in contact with a liquid, can be used as a highly sensitive microbalance. When used together with an electronic driver circuit, frequency changes will not only reflect changes of vibrating rigid mass but also detect changes of the surface microstructure. Using impedance spectroscopy we have analyzed the influence of the surface microstructure on the frequency changes. A liquid that is rigidly coupled to the surface by inclusion into voids or narrow channels can be discerned from a liquid that is viscously coupled to the surface. This analysis is shown for silver surfaces, roughened by several oxidation and reduction cycles, in chloride ion containing solutions.
First-principles study of tunneling magnetoresistance in Fe/MgAl2O4/Fe(001) magnetic tunnel junctions (2012)

We investigated the spin-dependent transport properties of Fe/MgAl${}_{2}$O${}_{4}$/Fe(001) magnetic tunneling junctions (MTJs) on the basis of first-principles calculations of the electronic structures and the ballistic conductance. The calculated tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) ratio of a Fe/MgAl${}_{2}$O${}_{4}$/Fe(001) MTJ was about 160$%$, which was much smaller than that of a Fe/MgO/Fe(001) MTJ (1600$%$) for the same barrier thickness. However, there was an evanescent state with ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{1}$ symmetry in the energy gap around the Fermi level of normal spinel MgAl${}_{2}$O${}_{4}$, indicating the possibility of a large TMR in Fe/MgAl${}_{2}$O${}_{4}$/Fe(001) MTJs. The small TMR ratio of the Fe/MgAl${}_{2}$O${}_{4}$/Fe(001) MTJ was due to new conductive channels in the minority spin states resulting from a band-folding effect in the two-dimensional Brillouin zone of the in-plane wave vector (${k}_{\ensuremath{\parallel}}$) of the Fe electrode. Since the in-plane cell size of MgAl${}_{2}$O${}_{4}$ is twice that of the primitive in-plane cell size of bcc Fe, the bands in the boundary edges are folded, and minority-spin states coupled with the ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{1}$ evanescent state in the MgAl${}_{2}$O${}_{4}$ barrier appear at ${k}_{\ensuremath{\parallel}}=0$, which reduces the TMR ratio of the MTJs significantly.
Pseudospark electron beam as an excitation source for extreme ultraviolet generation (2005)

A xenon pseudospark device is used to generate energetic and intense electron beams (e-beams) that induce extreme ultraviolet (EUV) emission in the range of 11–17 nm. This e-beam-based EUV source is compact, and the device is of interest because it has potentially attractive EUV conversion efficiency and pulse energy requirement, with potential for long lifetime and high repetition-rate operation. The role of e-beam-induced inelastic electronic collisions is considered.
Boolean Biomaterials: Logic‐Based Delivery of Site‐Specifically Modified Proteins from Environmentally Responsive Hydrogel Biomaterials (Adv. Mater. 33/2019) (2019)

In article number 1902462, Cole DeForest and co-workers introduce a modular semisynthetic scheme to govern the release of site-specifically modified proteins from hydrogel biomaterials following Boolean YES/OR/AND logic. This strategy permits independent and sequential release of multiple species from a homogeneous material in response to user-specified combinations of environmental inputs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cp2TiCl‐Mediated Selective Reduction of α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Single amino acid substitutions affecting the substrate specificity of the Escherichia coli K-12 nucleoside-specific Tsx channel (1993)

The Tsx protein from the Escherichia coli outer membrane is a channel-forming protein containing a nucleoside-specific binding site. The antibiotic albicidin enters the cell via this substrate-specific channel. Because albicidin is toxic for E. coli at a very low external substrate concentration, the Tsx channel is likely to contain a binding site for this antibiotic. To identify residues involved in the Tsx substrate-specific channel activity, we devised a selection scheme to isolate albicidin-resistant tsx mutants synthesizing Tsx proteins with defects in their nucleoside uptake function. We recovered seven distinct albicidin-resistant tsx alleles, six point mutations and a 39-base pair duplication. The mutants with a duplication of residues 21-33 of Tsx or with single amino acid substitutions of residue Gly28 (to Arg) and Ser217 (to Arg) are completely deficient in nucleoside uptake at a low substrate concentration. Substitutions of Phe27 to Leu, Gly28 to Glu, Gly239 to Asp, and Gly240 to Asp result in a Tsx protein partially defective in nucleoside transport. These mutant proteins still permit nonspecific diffusion of serine indicating that the mutations do not result in a block of the Tsx channel. Our results are discussed in terms of a model for the topological organization of the Tsx protein within the outer membrane of E. coli.
Effects of Insulin on Porcine Neonatal Sertoli Cell Responsiveness to FSH In Vitro (2019)

There is ongoing debate as to whether the decline of sperm production in recent times may be related to a parallel increase in the rate of obesity and diabetes. Lower anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and inhibin B secretion have been observed in young hyperinsulinemic patients compared to healthy controls, suggesting a Sertoli cell (SC) dysfunction. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying SC dysfunction in these patients are poorly understood. To the best of our knowledge, no evidence is available on the effects of insulin on SC function. Therefore, this study was undertaken to assess the effects of insulin on basal and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)-stimulated SC function in vitro. To accomplish this, we evaluated the expression of <i>AMH</i>, <i>inhibin B</i> and <i>FSHR</i> genes, the secretion of AMH and inhibin B and the phosphorylation of AKT473 and SC proliferation on neonatal porcine SC after incubation with FSH and/or insulin. We found that similar to FSH, the expression and secretion of AMH is suppressed by insulin. Co-incubation with FSH and insulin decreased AMH secretion significantly more than with FSH alone. Insulin had no effect on the expression and secretion of the <i>inhibin B</i> gene, but co-incubation with FSH and insulin had a lower effect on inhibin B secretion than that found with FSH alone. FSH and/or insulin increased AKT473 phosphorylation and SC proliferation. In conclusion, the results of this study showed that insulin modulates SC function. We hypothesize that hyperinsulinemia may therefore influence testicular function even before puberty begins. Therefore, particular care should be taken to avoid the onset of hyperinsulinemia in children to prevent a future deleterious effect on fertility.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Racemic and Optically ActiveE-Vinyl andE-Dienyl Sulfoxides via Wittig Reaction of α-Sulfinyl Phosphonium Ylides (1998)

A series of α-sulfinyl phosphonium ylides have been obtained in the reaction of phosphonium mono- and diylides with sulfinic acid esters. The use of (−)-(S)-menthyl p-toluenesulfinate in this reaction afforded the corresponding (S)-((p-tolylsulfinyl)methyl)triphenylphosphonium ylide. The Wittig reaction of these ylides with saturated and unsaturated aldehydes resulted in the formation of racemic and optically active (+)-(R)-vinyl and dienyl sulfoxides with the E-geometry. The synthesis of (+)-(R)-((p-tolylsulfinyl)methyl)triphenylphosphonium iodide as a precursor of the optically active ylide has also been described.
The Multibus Design Frame (1985)

This document has been prepared to serve as an introduction to design frames, a new system integration methodology for custom VLSI circuits. Design frames give an applications designer the ability to rapidly embed a prototype custom chip into an actual computer system for debugging and evaluation. They are the hardware equivalent of an operating system, giving a custom chip access to the other components of a computer system. &lt;p&gt; The report is broken up into three principal sections. The first is a reprint of a paper presented at the 1985 Chapel Hill Conference on VLSI that describes the design frame concepts and the experiments conducted to validate the ideas. The second section of the report is a detailed user's guide to a specific instance of a design frame, the Multibus Design Frame. The last section contains some details of how a Multibus Design Frame chip can be placed in Multibus-based SUN workstation running UNIX 4.2BSD. A designer wishing to use the Multibus Design Frame should find all the information required in these last two sections. &lt;p&gt; While we have chosen the Multibus due to its versatility and wide availability, the design frame concept can be applied to any system architecture. Therefore, another function of this report is to serve as a description of what is required in generating such a system building infrastructure
Loss of FOXP3 Expression and Emergence of Cytokine-Producing Cells after In Vitro Expansion of Human CD4+CD25+CD127 - Regulatory T Cells. (2007)

Abstract We and others previously showed that the adoptive transfer of donor-type CD4+CD25+ regulatory T (Treg) cells protects from graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) in animal models. Exploring this strategy in human SCT, we currently perform a first Phase I clinical trial using freshly isolated Treg cells. For future trials requiring large Treg cell numbers for repetitive treatments, we described in vitro culture conditions that permit a more than 3-log expansion of polyclonal Treg cells (Blood 104:895; 2004). A highly enriched starting population proved to be crucial for the generation of pure Treg cell products and we could show that the naive, CD45RA+ subpopulation of CD4+CD25high T cells fulfills this criterion (Blood108:4260; 2006). A recently proposed alternative approach for the isolation of pure Treg cells relies on the exclusion of CD127+ cells, as activated (i.e. CD25+) conventional T cells express high levels of CD127 while CD4+CD25+ Treg cells show no or only weak expression levels (Seddiki et al. and Liu et al., JEM203:1693; 2006). To directly compare these two approaches, we isolated CD4+CD25+CD127low/neg T cells (CD127-Treg) and CD45RA+CD4+CD25high T cells (RA+ Treg) from the same leukapheresis products and analyzed the cells after 2 and 3 weeks of expansion. Whereas both populations were &gt; 94% FOXP3+ upon isolation, only RA+ Treg maintained this high level of FOXP3+ cells throughout the expansion period (93% (range: 78 to 97%; n=11) FOXP3+ after 2 and 87% (range: 71 to 97%; n=9) FOXP3+ after 3 weeks). In contrast, the proportion of FOXP3+ cells in CD127-Treg cultures was already reduced after 2 weeks (82% (range: 56 to 96%; n=11)) and highly variable and significantly lower than that of RA+ Treg cultures after 3 weeks (57% (range: 18 to 93%; n=9; p=0.006)). When further subdivided into CD45RA+ and CD45RA- subpopulations before expansion, cultures of CD45RA-CD127-Treg cells lost FOXP3 expression and comprised substantial numbers of FOXP3- cytokine producing cells (on average 54% and 38% IL-2 and IFN-γ producers, respectively) after 3 weeks, whereas CD45RA+ CD127- Treg behaved similar to RA+ Treg cells, as they maintained FOXP3 expression over time and contained only low numbers of cytokine producers. Furthermore, when we analyzed the DNA methylation status of Treg cells, we found the Treg-specific CpG demethylation pattern within the FOXP3 gene (EJI 37, 2007) in RA+ Treg cell lines, while CD127- Treg cell cultures showed increased methylation over time and even more so RA- Treg cell cultures. Based on these findings, we suggest that isolation and expansion of CD45RA+CD4+CD25high T cells at present represents the best strategy for adoptive cell therapies requiring in vitro expanded Treg cells.
Colorless Transparent Fluorescence Material at the VUV Excitation: The Leached Sintered Glass with Impregnation of Tb3+ Ions (2005)

Abstract First sample of VUV-excited intensely luminescent glass is successfully prepared using the leached sintered glass with impregnation of Tb3+ ions which is colorless, transparent and gives intense emission 5D4 → 7F5 at 543 nm under the 160 nm VUV excitation.
Editorial: Adverse Reactions to Biomaterials: State of the Art in Biomaterial Risk Assessment, Immunomodulation and in vitro Models for Biomaterial Testing (2019)

EDITORIAL article Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol., 11 February 2019Sec. Biomaterials Volume 7 - 2019 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2019.00015
Endogenous leukotriene D4 formation during anaphylactic shock in the guinea pig. (1987)

Experiments on the metabolism and excretion of i.v. administered selectively labeled [3H8]leukotriene C4 in bile duct-cannulated guinea pigs indicated predominantly biliary excretion of tritium. The major leukotriene metabolite in bile was identified as leukotriene D4. By monitoring leukotriene excretion radioimmunochromatographically, it was shown that guinea pigs suffering from anaphylactic shock produce leukotriene D4 endogenously. Immunological challenge of animals sensitized to ovalbumin was accompanied by an increase of biliary leukotriene D4 concentrations from 10 +/- 1 to 86 +/- 10 nM (mean +/- SEM, n = 5, P less than 0.001). When considering that bile flow was decreased to about half after challenge, the excretion rate of leukotriene D4 in bile increased from 0.88 +/- 0.16 before to 3.18 +/- 0.38 pmol X min-1 X kg-1 after challenge (mean +/- SEM, n = 5, P less than 0.002). It is concluded that systemic anaphylaxis in the guinea pig is associated with endogenous generation of leukotriene C4 (up to 1 nmol/kg during a 30-min period after the challenge.
Throughput, bit-cost, network state information: Tradeoffs in cooperative CSMA protocols (2010)

In wireless local area networks, spatially varying channel conditions result in a severe performance discrepancy between different nodes in the uplink, depending on their position. Both throughput and energy expense are affected. Cooperative protocols were proposed to mitigate these discrepancies. However, additional network state information (NSI) from other nodes is needed to enable cooperation. The aim of this work is to assess how NSI and the degree of cooperation affect throughput and energy expenses. To this end, a CSMA protocol called fairMAC is defined, which allows to adjust the amount of NSI at the nodes and the degree of cooperation among the nodes in a distributed manner. By analyzing the data obtained by Monte Carlo simulations with varying protocol parameters for fairMAC, two fundamental tradeoffs are identified: First, more cooperation leads to higher throughput, but also increases energy expenses. Second, using more than one helper increases throughput and decreases energy expenses, however, more NSI has to be acquired by the nodes in the network. The obtained insights are used to increase the lifetime of a network. While full cooperation shortens the lifetime compared to no cooperation at all, lifetime can be increased by over 25% with partial cooperation.
Simulation of cardiac motion on non-Newtonian, pulsating flow development in the human left anterior descending coronary artery (2008)

This study aimed at investigating the effect of myocardial motion on pulsating blood flow distribution of the left anterior descending coronary artery in the presence of atheromatous stenosis. The moving 3D arterial tree geometry has been obtained from conventional x-ray angiograms obtained during the heart cycle and includes a number of major branches. The geometry reconstruction model has been validated against projection data from a virtual phantom arterial tree as well as with CT-based reconstruction data for the same patient investigated. Reconstructions have been obtained for a number of temporal points while linear interpolation has been used for all intermediate instances. Blood has been considered as a non-Newtonian fluid. Results have been obtained using the same pulse for the inlet blood flow rate but with fixed arterial tree geometry as well as under steady-state conditions corresponding to the mean flow rate. Predictions indicate that myocardial motion has only a minor effect on flow distribution within the arterial tree relative to the effect of the blood pressure pulse.
Saprotrophic and Mycoparasitic Components of Aggressiveness of Trichoderma harzianum Groups toward the Commercial Mushroom Agaricus bisporus (2003)

We examined the mycoparasitic and saprotrophic behavior of isolates representing groups of Trichoderma harzianum to establish a mechanism for the aggressiveness towards Agaricus bisporus in infested commercial compost. Mycoparasitic structures were infrequently observed in interaction zones on various media, including compost, with cryoscanning electron microscopy. T. harzianum grows prolifically in compost in the absence or presence of A. bisporus, and the aggressive European (Th2) and North American (Th4) isolates produced significantly higher biomasses (6.8- and 7.5-fold, respectively) in compost than did nonaggressive, group 1 isolates. All groups secreted depolymerases that could attack the cell walls of A. bisporus and of wheat straw, and some were linked to aggressiveness. Growth on mushroom cell walls in vitro resulted in rapid production of chymoelastase and trypsin-like proteases by only the Th2 and Th4 isolates. These isolates also produced a dominant protease isoform (pI 6.22) and additional chitinase isoforms. On wheat straw, Th4 produced distinct isoforms of cellulase and laminarinase, but there was no consistent association between levels or isoforms of depolymerases and aggressiveness. Th3's distinctive profiles confirmed its reclassification as Trichoderma atroviride. Proteases and glycanases were detected for the first time in sterilized compost colonized by T. harzianum. Xylanase dominated, and some isoforms were unique to compost, as were some laminarinases. We hypothesize that aggressiveness results from competition, antagonism, or parasitism but only as a component of, or following, extensive saprotrophic growth involving degradation of wheat straw cell walls.
Control of Walnut Aphid in Walnuts, 2015: Table 1 (2016)

This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of reduced-risk insecticides for control of WA. This study was conducted in mature “Chandler” walnut orchard spaced with 4.9 m between trees and 6.7 m between rows near Tracy, CA. Thirteen treatments were replicated four times in an RCB design. Each replicate was a single tree with an untreated buffer tree in all directions from …
Unilateral Cholesteatoma in the First Millennium BC (2013)

The diagnosis suggests a probable cholesteatoma, being one of the oldest cases in Europe.
A Comparison of the Neuromuscular Blocking and Autonomic Effects of Two New Short-acting Muscle Relaxants with Those of Succinylcholine in the Anesthetized Cat and Pig (1989)

The actions of two new steroidal nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents, structurally related to vecuronium, have been compared with those of succinylcholine in anesthetized cats and pigs. Both new compounds (Org 7617 and Org 9616) exhibited properties typical of nondepolarizing relaxants in each species. Org 9616 was one-fifth (ED50 cat tibialis 154 micrograms.kg-1) and Org 7617 was one-tenth (ED50 cat tibialis 287 micrograms.kg-1) as potent as vecuronium as a neuromuscular blocking drug. Both compounds produced rapidly developing muscle relaxation in cats that, like that of succinylcholine, was transient in time course (onset/duration of action--tibialis anterior muscle: Org 7617 1.6/3.9 min; Org 9616 1.5/4.3 min; succinylcholine 1.7/5.7 min). In pigs that were used as a predictor of duration of action in humans, both Org 7617 and Org 9616 also produced short-lived neuromuscular blockade. The neuromuscular blocks produced by Org 7617 and Org 9616 were readily reversed by neostigmine. Both compounds blocked the heart rate responses to vagal stimulation at doses higher than those required to produce neuromuscular block. The vagal:neuromuscular blocking ratio for Org 7617 was 10, and for Org 9616 was 17. These compare to approximate published values for vecuronium, atracurium, and pancuronium of 60, 25, and 3, respectively. Ganglion block was only seen at 30-60 times the neuromuscular blocking doses. Both compounds produced a decrease in arterial blood pressure. This was more pronounced with Org 7617. In addition, Org 9616 produced a slight increase in heart rate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Immigration and American History: Essays in Honor of Theodore C. Blegen (1962)

Journal Article Immigration and American History: Essays in Honor of Theodore C. Blegen. Edited by Henry Steele Commager. (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1961. xii + 166 pp. Notes, bibliography, and index. $4.50.) Get access Robert Ernst Robert Ernst Adelphi College Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 48, Issue 4, March 1962, Pages 721–722, https://doi.org/10.2307/1893176 Published: 01 March 1962