gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of active structural acoustic control systems by eigenproperty assignment (1994)

The traditional design approach of feedforward control systems involves the selection of number and location of the actuators and sensors based on some physical understanding of the system. This empirical methodology yields satisfactory results for simple structures and sinusoidal inputs. However, such a heuristic approach can easily result in an inefficient control system with an unnecessarily large number of control channels for complex structures and more realistic disturbances. In this work an efficient formulation is presented for the design of actuators and sensors for structurally radiated sound reduction. The technique is based on the modification of the eigenstructure such that the system responds with the weakest set of modal radiators. The technique is applicable to both narrow-band and broadband excitations. The formulation is demonstrated for controlling the odd–odd modes of a simply supported plate driven by a point force located at the center of the plate. The radiation due to the first three odd–odd modes is reduced with a single-input, single-output (SISO) controller. The control actuator and error sensor are implemented with piezoelectric (PZT) ceramics and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) films, respectively. It is shown that the design approach yields excellent global sound reduction.
Long-lived submicrometric bubbles in very diluted alkali halide water solutions (2012)

Solutions of LiCl and of NaCl in ultrapure water were studied through Rayleigh/Brillouin scattering as a function of the concentration (molarity, M) of dissolved salt from 0.2 M to extremely low concentration (2 × 10(-17) M). The Landau-Placzek ratio, R/B, of the Rayleigh scattering intensity over the total Brillouin was measured thanks to the dynamically controlled stability of the used Fabry-Perot interferometer. It was observed that the R/B ratio follows two stages as a function of increasing dilution rate: after a strong decrease between 0.2 M and 2 × 10(-5) M, it increases to reach a maximum between 10(-9) M and 10(-16) M. The first stage corresponds to the decrease of the Rayleigh scattering by the ion concentration fluctuations with the decrease of salt concentration. The second stage, at lower concentrations, is consistent with the increase of the Rayleigh scattering by long-lived sub-microscopic bubbles with the decrease of ion concentration. The origin of these sub-microscopic bubbles is the shaking of the solutions, which was carried out after each centesimal dilution. The very long lifetime of the sub-microscopic bubbles and the effects of aging originate in the electric charge of bubbles. The increase of R/B with the decrease of the low salt concentration corresponds to the increase of the sub-microscopic bubble size with the decrease of concentration, which is imposed by the bubble stability due to the covering of the surface bubble by negative ions.
The transmission spectrum switching speed of electromagnetic band gap plasma structure (2019)

Abstract The transmission spectrum switching speed of electromagnetic band gap (EBG) plasma structure formed by pulse discharges at atmospheric pressure was under investigation. The ability to obtain a nanosecond transmission spectrum switching time of plasma EBG structures was demonstrated. The time resolved H α and H β lines profiles were registered. Time behaviour of electron density during the discharge and time evolution of electron concentration were determined. The dependence of current growth rate and fall rate of transmitted microwave power on the applied voltage pulses were determined.
Lift-off Behavior and Flame Structure of Interacting Edge Flames (2004)

Laminar lifted edge flames stabilized above a five-exit slot burner are examined experimentally and numerically. In the present study, partially-premixed methane and air are used in the three-central slots to produce two neighboring edge flames. By controlling the equivalence ratios in the slots, the separation distance between the interacting edge flames is altered. The interaction between the flames is strong enough to prevent the two edges from stabilizing at the same lift-off height, and the separation distance between the edges is found to depend on the total flow rate. In each case studied, multiple stable flame configurations are observed. Particle imaging velocimetry measurements indicate that the divergence around the lower flame edge causes the upper flame to stabilize at an angle and at a velocity larger than the laminar flame speed, presumably due to heat interaction. For very large separation distances, the divergence around the lower flame engulfs the upper flame. Simulations of the same conditions show that the trailing diffusion flame is quenched in the latter case.
1-Phenyl-3-(aminomethyl)pyrroles as Potential Antipsychotic Agents. Synthesis and Dopamine Receptor Binding (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticle1-Phenyl-3-(aminomethyl)pyrroles as Potential Antipsychotic Agents. Synthesis and Dopamine Receptor BindingAndrew Thurkauf, Jun Yuan, Nathan Chen, Jan W. F. Wasley, Robin Meade, Kristine Harris Woodruff, Kevin Huston, and Philip C. RossCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1995, 38, 25, 4950–4952Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00025a013https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00025a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views197Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
SU‐D‐BRB‐01: 4D‐CT Lung Ventilation Images Vary with 4D‐CT Sorting Techniques (2012)

4D-CT ventilation images vary markedly with 4D-CT sorting techniques. 4D-CT artifacts should be considered as a significant source of variation in 4D-CT ventilation imaging during its validation. This study wassupported in part by NIH/NCI R01 93626. SK and CL are employees ofPhilips Research.
Optimization of Indium Bump Morphology for Improved Flip Chip Devices (2011)

Flip-chip hybridization, also known as bump bonding, is a packaging technique for microelectronic devices that directly connects an active element or detector to a substrate readout face-to-face, eliminating the need for wire bonding. In order to make conductive links between the two parts, a solder material is used between the bond pads on each side. Solder bumps, composed of indium metal, are typically deposited by thermal evaporation onto the active regions of the device and substrate. While indium bump technology has been a part of the electronic interconnect process field for many years and has been extensively employed in the infrared imager industry, obtaining a reliable, high-yield process for high-density patterns of bumps can be quite difficult. Under the right conditions, a moderate hydrogen plasma exposure can raise the temperature of the indium bump to the point where it can flow. This flow can result in a desirable shape where indium will efficiently wet the metal contact pad to provide good electrical contact to the underlying readout or imager circuit. However, it is extremely important to carefully control this process as the intensity of the hydrogen plasma treatment dramatically affects the indium bump morphology. To ensure the fine-tuning of this reflow process, it is necessary to have realtime feedback on the status of the bumps. With an appropriately placed viewport in a plasma chamber, one can image a small field (a square of approximately 5 millimeters on each side) of the bumps (10-20 microns in size) during the hydrogen plasma reflow process. By monitoring the shape of the bumps in real time using a video camera mounted to a telescoping 12 magnifying zoom lens and associated optical elements, an engineer can precisely determine when the reflow of the bumps has occurred, and can shut off the plasma before evaporation or de-wetting takes place.
Ringer: A Global-Scale Lightweight P2P File Service (2006)

Whenever there is a need to coordinate on a global scale, solutions which work perfectly on a LAN tend to fall apart. Different ideas are needed. We present Ringer as a solution to the problem of keeping a secure, reliable, simple (and cheap) distributed filesystem working at a global scale along unreliable network connections. Furthermore, Ringer is specifically designed to facilitate distributed document management. This sounds an awful lot like a problem which the Internet and Google (or your search engine of choice) solves admirably already, at least in the case of HTML documents. Now, consider the case of information stored in general format documents – and especially for documents which exist only internally in a company. The PageRank algorithm works by exploiting the rich interconnectedness of hypertext. However, this highly connected graph structure doesn’t exist for most sets of arbitrary documents. Additionally, most information is stored in only a few documents, not 100s! In this context, internet-based search is not successful because the ordering of results returned from a search query is both more important and more difficult to compute. Suppose we have the following situation: There is a global organization (e.g., the UN) which generates a large amount of information, but this information is not stored in hypertext. Furthermore, this information is rarely duplicated across documents. Our goal is to easily structure these documents in such a way as to make adding AND finding information easy. There is currently no good solution to the problem outlined above in the literature. To solve this problem, Ringer has three features as goals:
Terrestrial exo-planet science by nulling interferometry: instrument design and scientific performance (2008)

The detection of terrestrial exo-planets in the habitable zone of Sun-like stars as well as the proof of biomarkers is one of the most exciting goals in Astrophysics today. A nulling interferometer operated in the mid-infrared wavelength regime allows for overcoming the obstacles of huge contrast ratio and small angular separation between star and planet. Dedicated missions, as ESA's DARWIN or NASA's TPF-I, are implemented as a closely controlled formation of free-flying spacecraft which carry the distributed payload. We discuss various implementation alternatives and present an optimized design of the DARWIN instrument including the science payload and the formation-flying subsystem. We analyze the achievable scientific performance of the DARWIN instrument by taking into account the target properties and the instrument performance. We show that the DARWIN mission is feasible and that the mission goals can be fulfilled.
36 DEVELOPMENTAL COMPETENCE OF HUMAN AGED OOCYTES AS HOST CELLS FOR NUCLEAR TRANSFER (2005)

The use of aged metaphase II oocytes (cultured in vitro for more than 14 h) for somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) in varying species has resulted in lower developmental outcomes compared with non-aged in vitro - or in vivo -matured oocytes. However, due to limited resources of fresh oocytes for the derivation of nuclear transfer stem cell lines, further investigation in using spare oocytes is required. Aged spare oocytes (48 h post oocyte retrieval) were consigned for research (under HFEA and local ethics approval) by couples undergoing either in vitro fertilization (failed IVF oocytes, f-IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (failed-ICSI oocytes, f-ICSI) treatments. Aged oocytes were randomly assigned for double-labeling immunocytochemical analysis (f-IVF, n = 10; f-ICSI, n = 7) for the microtubule markers, NuMA and ±-tubulin, or parthenogenetic activation. Immunocytochemical analysis was performed as previously described (Chatzimeletiou et al . 2005 Hum. Reprod. 20, 672-682) using primary anti-rabbit NuMA (gift from D. Compton, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH, USA) and anti-mouse DM1-±. Secondary antibodies were donkey anti-rabbit and anti-mouse immunoglobulins. Oocytes were counterstained with Hoechst 33342. Negative controls were performed as above with blocking solution substituting for primary antibodies. Parthenogenetic activation was performed for 4 h using 10 µM calcium ionophore (5 min) and 2 mM 6-dimethylaminopurine (Ca-I/DMAP) for f-IVF ( n = 10) and f-ICSI oocytes ( n = 11) or 10 µg/mL puromycin (Ca-I/Pur) for f-IVF ( n = 12) and f-ICSI oocytes ( n = 10) (4 h). Activated oocytes were cultured in a biphasic system, G1.3" and G2.3" (Vitrolife UK, Ltd., Ediburgh, Lothian, UK) for 5 days at 37 °C in 5% CO2 in humidified air. NuMA was localized to the metaphase spindle in 6/10 (60%) and 7/7 (100%) oocytes for f-IVF and f-ICSI, respectively, and/or in cytoplasmic cytasters. One f-IVF oocyte and four f-ICSI oocytes had visible tetrapolar spindles. Unusual patterns of diffuse NuMA staining containing dense foci within these regions, but not associated with the cytasters or metaphase spindle, were also observed in two f-IVF oocytes. The majority of oocytes displayed ring-like staining of DM1-±, which was aberrant in two f-ICSI oocytes. Parthenogenetic development was poor for both treatments. Cleavage rates were 17% and 20% for f-IVF using Ca-I/PUR and Ca-I/DMAP, respectively, and 40% and 45% for f-ICSI using Ca-I/PUR and Ca-I/DMAP, respectively. Fragmentation rates were high across all treatments. No parthenogenetic embryos developed beyond the 6-cell stage. Thus, the use of aged human oocytes for SCNT may be difficult due to their incapacity to artificially activate using current activation protocols and, in addition, due to the microtubule abnormalities observed in many of these aged oocytes.
Supplemental Figure 2 from Genomic Integration of High-Risk HPV Alters Gene Expression in Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Differential mRNA expression of genes with copy number alterations. The relative mRNA expression of amplified genes was assessed across the all publically available next generation sequencing data where matched genome or exome-sequencing and transcriptome sequencing were available using the Oncomine database. Three plots were generated for each gene with copy number alterations, the respective gene is indicated on top of the plot. RNA expression was not evaluable for TCGA-CN-A49A, which harbored a SMOC1 amplification. DNA copy number calculated from exome or whole genome sequencing data is shown along the x-axis and absolute fragments per kilobase million are shown along the y-axis (Values are presented as Log base 2). Samples within the plots have either do not have genomic alterations or have mutations, gene fusions or copy number alterations as indicated in the inset legend. Blue dashed line indicates the limit for calling genomic deletions and the pink line for genomic amplifications. The black line indicates best fit for correlation between DNA copy number and gene expression.&lt;/p&gt;
Ablation of USP21 in skeletal muscle promotes oxidative fibre phenotype, inhibiting obesity and type 2 diabetes (2021)

The outcomes of this research provide novel information as to how USP21 in skeletal muscle contributes to systemic energy homeostasis, demonstrating USP21 as a key molecule in the regulation of myofibre type switch, muscle mass control, mitochondrial function, and heat generation and, thus, implicating the potential of this molecule and its downstream substrates network as targets for the treatment and/or prevention of muscle dysfunction and the associated metabolic diseases.
Surface modification of polymers. IV. UV initiated degradation of polymers with stabilizers grafted onto the surface (1989)

Abstract Polypropylene (PP), Polyethylene (PE), and polystyrene (PS) films were grafted with glycidylmethacrylate in thin surface layers. To the oxiran groups thus grafted onto the surface three UV stabilizers were attached, 4‐amino‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine (AP), 2,4‐dihydroxybenzophenone (DHBP), and phenyl 4‐aminosalicylate (PAS). The amount of stabilizer grafted onto the surface varied between 25 and 40 nmol/cm 2 depending on the polymer substrate. The samples were exposed to UV radiation in air, and the degradation and oxidation of the polymers were studied with IR, UV, and ESCA spectroscopy and by stress–strain measurements. PP grafted with AP exhibited a near 20‐fold increase in lifetime compared with the unprotected PP, AP did not stabilize the PE or PS samples. DHBP was an efficient stabilizer of PE, the oxidation rate of the grafted sample being 1/2 to 1/3 of the ungrafted. A similar effect was observed when DHBP was grafted onto PP and PS. PAS underwent a rearrangement reaction when irradiated with UV light, and had only a slight stabilizing effect.
Revascularization of Human Acellular Dermis in Full-Thickness Abdominal Wall Reconstruction in the Rabbit Model (2003)

This study investigates whether human acellular dermis (Alloderm; LifeCell, Branchburg, NJ) revascularizes when used to reconstruct abdominal wall defects in rabbits. This could prove useful in infected situations in which prosthetic mesh is suboptimal. Twenty-five rabbits were randomly assigned to one of three groups: primary closure (n = 5), expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (GoreTex; W.L. Gore, Flagstaff, AZ) repair (n = 10), or AlloDerm (LifeCell) repair (n = 10). The rabbits in the primary closure group received a 7 cm x 0.5 cm full-thickness abdominal wall defect that was closed primarily. A 7 cm x 3 cm full-thickness abdominal wall defect was created in the other two groups. The defects were repaired with a GoreTex Mycromesh (W.L. Gore), or AlloDerm (LifeCell) patch. At 30 days, the following endpoints were evaluated: (1) incidence of herniation; (2) presence of intra-abdominal adhesions; (3) the breaking strength of the patch-fascial interface; and (4) evaluation of graft vascularization by fluorescein dye infusion and histological analysis. There was no incidence of herniation in any of the rabbits. Visceral adhesions to the patch were found in all animals in the Gore-Tex (W.L. Gore) group but in none in the AlloDerm (LifeCell) group. The size of the patch was unchanged in all the rabbits except for two rabbits in the AlloDerm (LifeCell) group that stretched 1 cm in the transverse dimension. The change in size was not statistically significant (p = 0.17) when compared with the change in size in the Gore-Tex (W.L. Gore) group. The mean breaking strength of the primary closure group was significantly higher (521.2 N/mm2 +/- 223.0) than that of the two patch-repair groups (p < 0.05). But there was no significant difference between the mean breaking strength of the AlloDerm (LifeCell) fascial interface (288.6 N/mm2 +/- 97.1 SD) and that of the Gore-Tex (W.L. Gore) fascial interface (337.0 N/mm2 +/- 141.2). Fluorescein dye infusion and histological analysis confirmed vascularization of the AlloDerm (LifeCell) graft. This study demonstrates that AlloDerm (LifeCell) does become vascularized when used as a fascial interposition graft for abdominal wall reconstruction. AlloDerm (LifeCell) also performs mechanically as effectively as Gore-Tex (W.L. Gore) in ventral hernia repair at 1 month after operation in the rabbit model.
High Pressure Study of Structural Phase Transitions and Superconductivity in La1.48Nd0.4Sr0.12CuO4 (2004)

We have determined the crystal structures and superconducting transition temperatures of La1.48Nd0.4Sr0.12CuO4 under nearly hydrostatic pressures in diamond anvil cells to 5.0 GPa and 19.0 GPa, respectively. Synchrotron x-ray powder diffraction measurements were used to establish the pressure-temperature structural phase diagram. Under pressure the superconducting transition temperature increases rapidly from Tc = 3 K to a maximum value of 22 K at 5 GPa, a pressure slightly greater than that required to stabilize the undistorted I4/mmm structure in the superconducting state. Increasing the pressure further to 19 GPa leads to a decrease in Tc to ~12 K. These results are discussed in relation to earlier high pressure measurements for similar materials.
Flip and flop isoforms of chick brain AMPA receptor subunits (1996)

Using oligonucleotide primers, we have amplified and sequenced the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) receptors from the brain of 17-day-old chick embryos. Both flip and flop isoforms of each of these glutamate receptors (GluR) were identified and cloned. Nucleotide comparisons showed that the two isoforms for each chick receptor subtype were 71-78% identical, whereas homologous chick and rat isoforms were 94-98% identical. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzyme analysis were employed to identify regional variation in flip and flop levels of each AMPA receptor. Flip isoforms of GluR 1-3 predominated in forebrain, while flop variants of GluR 1-4 were more prevalent in the cerebellum. This differential regional expression suggests that alternative splicing of AMPA receptor subunits contributes importantly to synaptic diversity in chick central nervous systems.
Diffusion of Redox Probes in Hydrated Sol−Gel-Derived Glasses (2000)

Cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry have been used to characterize the translational mobility of eight different redox probes trapped in hydrated silica gel monoliths and evaluate the extent of surface interactions. The redox probes, selected for their size and charge, were introduced into a silica sol prepared by the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of tetramethoxysilane along with an ultramicroelectrode (r = 13 microns) and a Ag/AgCl reference/counter electrode. Relative changes in the magnitude of the Faradaic current, the half-wave potential, E1/2, and the apparent diffusion coefficient (D) were evaluated for each redox probe as the sol gelled, aged, and dried. Significant variations were observed in the diffusion rates between molecules of similar size and structure but varying ionic charge. Large shifts in the redox potential were also observed, with the direction of shift dependent on the entrapped reagent. These results demonstrate the importance of internal surface interactions versus surface confinement in wet and partially dried sol-gel glasses.