gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Wave Scattering From Periodic Surfaces</title> (1982)

Wave scattering from a dielectric medium or a perfect conductor with a periodic rough surface is studied. Our theoretical method is based on the extended boundary condition which is derived from Green&apos;s theorem. In this formulation, the amplitudes of the diffracted Floquet waves can be related directly to the amplitudes of the incident plane waves by a transition matrix. This matrix has a simple form which is suitable for calculations, and it saves computational time over other numerical methods. The accuracy of the calculations can be checked by (1) power conservation, and (2) the reciprocity theorem. Numerical results are given, and the influence of the rough surface as compared with the flat interface case will be shown.
How are policy gradient methods affected by the limits of control? (2022)

We study stochastic policy gradient methods from the perspective of control-theoretic limitations. Our main result is that ill-conditioned linear systems in the sense of Doyle inevitably lead to noisy gradient estimates. We also give an example of a class of stable systems in which policy gradient methods suffer from the curse of dimensionality. Finally, we show how our results extend to partially observed systems.
TNF-α Signals Through PKCζ/NF-κB to Alter the Tight Junction Complex and Increase Retinal Endothelial Cell Permeability (2010)

These results suggest that PKCζ may provide a specific therapeutic target for the prevention of vascular permeability in retinal diseases characterized by elevated TNF-α, including diabetic retinopathy.
Structural characterization of the avian retrovirus reverse transcriptase and endonuclease domains. (1985)

The enzymatic domains of the avian retrovirus polymerase (pol) gene have been mapped by the use of peptide antibodies and COOH-terminal amino acid analysis. The processed pol beta polypeptide is cleaved in vivo to yield alpha and pp32. Rabbit antibodies were directed against synthetic peptides whose sequence was deduced from the known pol sequence of Rous sarcoma virus, Prague C (Schwartz, D.E., Tizard, R., and Gilbert, W. (1983) Cell 32, 853-869). The RNase H active site of pol was located in the NH2-terminal region of the alpha DNA polymerase subunit. The COOH terminus of the alpha subunit was found to be immediately adjacent to the NH2 terminus of the pp32 pol protein. COOH-terminal amino acid analysis of pp32 revealed that this protein is also processed. From the deduced amino acid sequence of pol, it appears likely that pol encodes an additional 4100-dalton polypeptide located at its extreme COOH terminus. The enzymatic domains on beta appear to map in the following order: RNase H-DNA polymerase-DNA endonuclease. Hydrophilicity analysis and secondary structure predictions of wild type Rous sarcoma virus pol products and mutated pp32 possessing single amino acid changes permit further structural evaluation of the multifunctional pol protein.
Vaccination for Patients with Inborn Errors of Immunity: A Nationwide Survey in Japan (2021)

Abstract We conducted a nationwide survey of inborn errors of immunity (IEI) in Japan for the second time in 10 years, focusing on protective measures for IEI patients against infectious diseases. Questionnaires were sent to various medical departments nationwide, and a total of 1,307 patients were reported. The prevalence of IEI was 2.2 patients per 100,000 population which was comparable with the previous nationwide study. The most common disease category was autoinflammatory disorders (25%), followed by antibody deficiencies (24%) and congenital defects of phagocyte number or function (16%). We found that a significant number of patients received contraindicated vaccines, principally because the patients were not diagnosed as IEI by the time of the vaccination. Regarding diseases for which BCG vaccination is contraindicated, 43% patients had actually received BCG, of which 14% developed BCG related infections. In order to prevent IEI patients from receiving inadequate vaccines, the continuous education to parents and physicians is needed, along with the expansion of newborn screening, but efforts to screen IEI at the site of vaccination also remains important.
Active Thermal Control for Power Converters in Modular Winding Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (2019)

To increase the reliability and reduce the torque ripple, modular winding structure has been employed in the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSMs). However, the reliability of the motor system depends on the lifetime of the power semiconductor devices. In this paper, an Active Thermal Control (ATC) for modular power converters in PMSM drive is proposed. The power routing method is employed to balance the power in a triple modular winding PMSM system. The Rainflow Counting Algorithm is used to calculate the lifetime of the power converters. To verify the proposed method, a simulation model is established and the simulation results are presented.
Reproductive Hormone Levels and Anthropometry in Postmenopausal Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): A 21-Year Follow-Up Study of Women Diagnosed with PCOS around 50 Years Ago and Their Age-Matched Controls (2011)

PCOS women differ from controls with regard to levels of certain reproductive hormones also after menopause, but the established premenopausal increase in waist to hip ratio in PCOS patients disappeared after menopause, mainly due to weight gain among controls. A novel finding was the lower prevalence of hypothyroidism in PCOS women.
Electrically-Injected VCSELs with a Composite Monolithic High Contrast Grating and Distributed Bragg Reflector Coupling Mirror (2018)

The first electrically-injected vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) with subwavelength monolithic high index contrast gratings (MHCGs) achieve continuous wave lasing up to 75°C. A 14 μm-diameter oxide-aperture 980 nm VCSEL with a composite distributed Bragg reflector-MHCG mirror exhibits two-peak modal emission from threshold to rollover.
Energy-efficient and reliable round-robin TDMA for wireless sensor networks (2012)

In this paper a fault-tolerant energy-efficient Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) based routing scheme is proposed for wireless sensor networks. The proposed system provides guaranteed delivery times and tolerates node and link failures. The software architecture and the performance properties of the system are described.
Nonlinear reconstruction of over-sampled coarsely quantized signals (2003)

In the course of collecting real signals, one occasionally is faced with a coarsely quantized signal. In this paper, the problem of reconstructing a coarsely quantized signal using a Savitsky-Golay filter coupled with a nonlinearity is discussed.
A Multi-Systems Approach to Human Movement after ACL Reconstruction: The Nervous System (2022)

5.
Sensitive Detection of Interferon-Gamma with Engineered Proteins and Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor (2011)

We present a novel surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor for detection of human interferon gamma (hIFNγ), an important diagnostic marker for several infectious diseases. The biosensor employs engineered proteins derived from albumin binding domain (ABD) and selected with ribosome display to provide high affinity towards hIFNγ. We demonstrate that the biosensor provides rapid, sensitive, and cost-effective platform for the detection of hIFNγ and allows its detection at nanomolar levels both in buffer and diluted human plasma.
Supplementary Figure from An Autologous Dendritic Cell Vaccine Promotes Anticancer Immunity in Patients with Ovarian Cancer with Low Mutational Burden and Cold Tumors (2023)

Supplementary Figure from An Autologous Dendritic Cell Vaccine Promotes Anticancer Immunity in Patients with Ovarian Cancer with Low Mutational Burden and Cold Tumors
Logic Synthesis for Concurrent Error Detection (1993)

The structure of a circuit determines how the effects of a fault can propagate and hence affects the cost of concurrent error detection. By considering circuit structure during logic optimization, the overall cost of a concurrently checked circuit can be minimized. This report presents a new technique called structure-constrained logic optimization (SCLO) that optimizes a circuit under the constraint that faults in the resulting circuit can produce only a prescribed set of errors. Using SCLO, circuits can be optimized for various concurrent error detection schemes allowing the overall cost for each scheme to be compared. A technique for quickly estimating the size of a circuit under different structural constraints is described. This technique enables rapid exploration of the design space for concurrently checked circuits. A new method for the automated synthesis of self-checking circuit implementations for arbitrary combinational circuits is also presented. It consists of an algorithm that determines the best parity-check code for encoding the output of a given circuit, and then uses SCLO to produce the functional circuit which is augmented with a checker to form a self-checking circuit. This synthesis method provides fully automated design, explores a larger design space than other methods, and uses simple checkers. It has been implemented by making modifications to SIS (an updated version of MIS [Brayton 87a]), and results for several MCNC combinational benchmark circuits are given. In most cases, a substantial reduction in overhead compared to a duplicate-and-compare implementation is achieved.
Exploration of on-chip switched-capacitor DC-DC converter for multicore processors using a distributed power delivery network (2011)

In this paper, we explore the design of on-chip switched-capacitor (SC) DC-DC converters in the context of multicore processors, using an accurate power grid simulator. Results show that distributed design of SC converters can reduce the IR drop by up to 74% compared to the lumped design, with improved supply voltage. We also demonstrate the usage of SC converters for multi-domain power supply.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF METAL PARTICLE VAPORIZATION IN PLASMA SPRAYING (2023)

The phenomenon of particle vaporization in a dc plasma jets is difficult to control. It depends on thermal properties of plasma-forming gas, the plasma jet's length and diameter, the size and trajectory of injected particles. The vaporization of particles is detrimental to the deposition efficiency and may affect the coating quality. in plasma spraying, however, it could be desired in other plasma processes (for example : selective evaporation for metals purification and plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition process).<br> To have a better understanding of particle vaporization under plasma spraying conditions, and especially the effect of vapor issuing from particles on. coating formation, the vaporization of metallic powders was investigated using an absorption spectroscopic technique which allows determination of metal vapor concentration within the plasma jet and its plume.<br> Several absorption lines have been utilized in real time mode in this technique to determine the metallic gas density surrounding a single evaporating in flight particle and the geometry of its vapor cloud. Results on iron powders injected in different plasma gas mixtures are reported.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Tocilizumab monotherapy versus adalimumab monotherapy for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (ADACTA): a randomised, double-blind, controlled phase 4 trial. (2020)

Read the full review for this Faculty Opinions recommended article: Tocilizumab monotherapy versus adalimumab monotherapy for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (ADACTA): a randomised, double-blind, controlled phase 4 trial.
A conformational switch driven by phosphorylation regulates Ykt6 activity in macroautophagy (2020)

ABSTRACT Membrane fusion, an essential process in all eukaryotes, is driven by SNARE proteins. Ykt6 is an essential SNARE that plays critical roles throughout the secretory, endocytic, and autophagy pathways. Ykt6 activity is thought to be regulated by a conformational change from a closed cytosolic form to an open membrane-bound form, yet the mechanism that regulates this transition is unknown. Through genetic, pharmacologic, and structural modeling approaches in mammalian cells, we found that phosphorylation regulates Ykt6 conversion from a closed to an open state. The phosphorylation site we identified is highly conserved in evolution and is regulated by the Ca 2+ -dependent phosphatase, calcineurin. We found that phosphorylation is a key determinant for intracellular localization of Ykt6 and its function in macroautophagy. Our studies reveal a novel mechanism by which Ykt6 conformation and activity is regulated by Ca 2+ signaling with implications in Parkinson’s Disease in which Ykt6 has been shown to play a role.
Genetic epidemiology of familial Mediterranean fever through integrative analysis of whole genome and exome sequences from Middle East and North Africa (2017)

Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), an autosomal recessive and rare autoinflammatory disease is caused by genetic mutations in the MEFV gene and is highly prevalent in the Mediterranean basin. Although the carrier frequency of specific disease variants in the MEFV gene has been reported from isolated studies, a comprehensive view of variants in the Mediterranean region has not been possible due to paucity of data. The recent availability of whole-genome and whole-exome datasets prompted us to study the genetic epidemiology of MEFV variants in the region. We assembled data from 5 datasets encompassing whole-genome and whole-exome datasets for 2115 individuals from multiple subpopulations in the region and also created a compendium for MEFV genetic variants, which were further systematically annotated as per the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) guidelines. Our analysis points to significant differences in allele frequencies in the subpopulations, and the carrier frequency for MEFV genetic variants in the population to be about 8%. The MEFV gene appears to be under natural selection from our analysis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the most comprehensive study and analysis of population epidemiology of MEFV gene variants in the Middle East and North African populations.
Intrusion Detection System Intended for Multigigabit Networks (2007)

Network intrusion detection systems (IDS) are becoming an important tool for securing critical information and infrastructure. Current software-based IDS often fails to keep up with high-speed network links so a hardware based IDS is requested. This paper deals with design and implementation of complete hardware accelerated IDS solution based on Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). Core generator for automatic mapping of IDS rules to FPGA logic was designed to assure fast packet classification and high speed pattern matching. Proposed architecture has been evaluated on a COMBO6X card with FPGA Virtex-II Pro. Using COMBO6X card theoretical throughput 6.4 Gbps was achieved for all Snort rules. The designed system can be configured by rules described in Snort format using web interface.
Exploiting Evidence in Probabilistic Inference (2012)

We define the notion of compiling a Bayesian network with evidence and provide a specific approach for evidence-based compilation, which makes use of logical processing. The approach is practical and advantageous in a number of application areas-including maximum likelihood estimation, sensitivity analysis, and MAP computations-and we provide specific empirical results in the domain of genetic linkage analysis. We also show that the approach is applicable for networks that do not contain determinism, and show that it empirically subsumes the performance of the quickscore algorithm when applied to noisy-or networks.
Real-Time 3D Tracking and Reconstruction on Mobile Phones (2014)

We present a novel framework for jointly tracking a camera in 3D and reconstructing the 3D model of an observed object. Due to the region based approach, our formulation can handle untextured objects, partial occlusions, motion blur, dynamic backgrounds and imperfect lighting. Our formulation also allows for a very efficient implementation which achieves real-time performance on a mobile phone, by running the pose estimation and the shape optimisation in parallel. We use a level set based pose estimation but completely avoid the, typically required, explicit computation of a global distance. This leads to tracking rates of more than 100 Hz on a desktop PC and 30 Hz on a mobile phone. Further, we incorporate additional orientation information from the phone's inertial sensor which helps us resolve the tracking ambiguities inherent to region based formulations. The reconstruction step first probabilistically integrates 2D image statistics from selected keyframes into a 3D volume, and then imposes coherency and compactness using a total variational regularisation term. The global optimum of the overall energy function is found using a continuous max-flow algorithm and we show that, similar to tracking, the integration of per voxel posteriors instead of likelihoods improves the precision and accuracy of the reconstruction.
Remote sensing of damage bridge structure of free vibration by using finite element method based on subspace fitting (2017)

A method was proposed to locate and identify the severities of structural damages based on the subspace minimization (SM). This method applied on the stayed girder Bridge, this work constitutes the reference in this field. Firstly, a reduced discretized analytical model is derived from active vibration. Then, this model is implemented based on output of sensors measurement data under random excitations are developed using pseudo excitation method. To verify the analytical model without feedback control are conducted based on sensors output in each iteration. Finally, the Finite Element Model (FEM) updating method is adopted to trace the dynamic properties of structure and localize the damage with minimizes the space by using the subspace minimization. Three degree of freedom (DOF) coupled model is investigated in this paper to analyze the vibration sensor outputs.
Endothermic Heat-Sink of Hydrocarbon Fuels for Scramjet Cooling AIAA 2002-3871 (2002)

Storable liquid hydrocarbon fuels, such as JP-7, JP-8+ 100, and JP-10, that can undergo endothermic reactions may provide sufficient heat sink to enable hypersonic flight without having to resort to cryogenic fuels. The objective of this research is to develop and demonstrate the endothermic potential of these fuels for hypersonic scramjet cooling. A high- pressure bench-scale reactor was used to determine the overall heat sinks (including endotherm), endothermic reforming products, and coking rates for the fuels. A baseline fuel, n-octane, was also investigated for comparison. Tests were conducted in catalyst-coated tubes that simulate a single passage in a practical catalytic heat exchanger/reactor under representative flow conditions.
Shadow Detection in Slope Monitoring Based on Digital Image Processing (2021)

At present, the traditional slope monitoring technology is relatively backward. Shadow detection has always been the difficulty and focus of this technology in slope monitoring. In recent years, digital image processing technology has been developed rapidly, which provides the possibility to solve this difficult problem. Therefore, this paper proposes the shadow detection research in slope monitoring based on digital image processing. In this paper, the slope monitoring and image digitization technology in our country are deeply studied. The results show that the digital image measurement method has obvious advantages over the traditional slope monitoring method, and has improved the monitoring accuracy, operation difficulty and staff safety. According to the actual needs of shadow detection in slope monitoring, combined with the characteristics of digital image measurement method, the corresponding optimization adjustment is made. A shadow detection algorithm based on saturation is proposed. Compared with the traditional algorithm, the algorithm simplifies the calculation steps and improves the accuracy of calculation. In addition, in order to ensure the detection effect, this paper also establishes the corresponding detection indicators, and evaluates the detection results from the accuracy rate, false alarm rate and missing detection rate. In order to further verify the actual effect of this method, the corresponding comparative experiments are carried out. The experimental results show that the slope shadow detection model based on digital image calculation has higher detection accuracy than the traditional DGM detection model, and is more suitable for the current land environment of slope monitoring in China.
ASCA Observations of the Spectrum of the X-Ray Background (1994)

We present initial results from ASCA on the spectrum of the Cosmic X-ray Background from 0.4 to 10 keV. About 250 ksec of deep survey data has been collected from the performance verification phase of ASCA. About 110 ksec of dark-earth data are used to assess the internal background. A single power-law describes the X-ray background very well in the 1 to 10 keV with no evidence for a steepening in the 1 to 3 keV range. At 1 keV, the intensity of the X-ray background is 9.6 keV s \\Gamma1 cm \\Gamma2 sr \\Gamma1 keV \\Gamma1 . Our data clearly show an excess above the extrapolation of the single power law model below 1 keV. At least part of this excess can be accounted for with a thermal component as there is evidence for O-VII and O-VIII emission. Key Words: X-Rays: General - Cosmology: Diffuse Radiation, Observations - ISM: Bubbles, Abundances - Galaxies: Active 1. INTRODUCTION The origin of the X-ray Background (XRB) remains an important astronomical puzzle (see Fabian &amp;amp; Barco...
XPAD3: A new photon counting chip for X-ray CT-scanner (2006)

The X-ray pixel chip with adaptable dynamics (XPAD3) circuit is the next generation of 2D X-ray photon counting imaging chip to be connected to a pixel sensor using the bump and flip-chip technologies. This circuit, designed in IBM 0.25 μm technology, contains 9600 pixels (130 μm×130 μm) distributed into 80 columns of 120 elements each. Its features have been improved to provide high-counting rate over 109 ph/pixel/mm2, high-dynamic range over 60 keV, very low-noise detection level of 100e− rms, energy window selection and fast image readout less than 2 ms/frame. An innovative architecture has been designed in order to prevent the digital circuits from bothering the very sensitive analogue parts placed in their neighbourhood. This allows to read the chip during acquisition while conserving the precise setting of the thresholds over the pixel array. Finally, the aim of this development is to combine several XPAD3 to form the PIXSCAN detector.
Deficient production of anti‐red cell autoantibodies by mice with an X‐linked B lymphocyte defect (1979)

The production of anti-self red cell antibodies has been studied in mice bearing the CBA/N X-linked B lymphocyte defect and their phenotypically normal littermates. Defective mice produced anti-self red blood cell (RBC) antibodies at markedly reduced levels after multiple injections of rat RBC. They also failed to show significant numbers of plaque-forming cells against enzyme-treated isologous RBC. These findings are discussed in terms of the nature of the CBA/N defect and the acquisition of a complete specificity repertoire.