gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the cooperative grain boundary sliding in terms of cellular dislocations (1993)

Abstract Cooperative grain boundary sliding (CGBS) (sliding of grain groups along surfaces formed by sliding grain boundaries), has been considered as a result of rigid shear of grain rows or as sequential shear of grains. The sequential shear of grains has been analysed in terms of movement of cellular dislocations (imperfections in regular grain structure). Localized and extended cellular dislocations are examined. Coupling of CGBS and cooperative grain boundary migration might take place as the result of movement of grain boundary dislocations associated with ledges.
Ab initio shallow impurity level calculations in semiconductors (2011)

In this case, we present an innovative approach for hepatolithiasis when combined with dilated common bile duct.
An open-source standard T-Wave alternans detector for benchmarking (2008)

We describe an open source algorithm suite for T-Wave Alternans (TWA) detection and quantification. The software consists of Matlab implementations of the widely used Spectral Method and Modified Moving Average with libraries to read both WFDB and ASCII data under windows and Linux. The software suite can run in both batch mode and with a provided graphical user interface to aid waveform exploration. Our software suite was calibrated using an open source TWA model, described in a partner paper [1] by Clifford and Sameni. For the PhysioNet/CinC Challenge 2008 we obtained a score of 0.881 for the Spectral Method and 0.400 for the MMA method. However, our objective was not to provide the best TWA detector, but rather a basis for detailed discussion of algorithms.
Analysis and comparison of Fractional Frequency Reuse schemes based on worst case Signal to Interference power Ratio in OFDMA uplink (2014)

Fractional Frequency Reuse (FFR) is an efficient interference mitigation technique for modern cellular networks due to its low complexity, low coordination requirements and resource allocation flexibility. This work considers the use of FFR in the cellular uplink (UL). We analyze the uplink worst case Signal to Interference power Ratio (SIR) for sectored FFR and compare its results with those of strict FFR and Soft FFR. A closed form expression is derived analytically for worst SIR and best inner radius. This analytical technique is utilized to configure a FFR solution for the TIL of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) cellular systems. The analysis is performed using two-tiers cellular network with uniform user density and for three different cases of FFR, sectored FFR, Soft Frequency Reuse (SFR), and strict FFR with Frequency Reuse Factor (FRF)= 3 and FRF= 4. Also the effect of power control exponent on those FFR schemes is studied. The inner radius configuration depends on equalizing the worst SIR for both inner and outer edges of the cell. Numerical results show that sectored FFR without power control yields the highest SIR followed by strict FFR with FRF= 4. Power control exponent does not affect FFR with reuse three but strongly affects SFR and FRF= 4 as its increase reduces its SIR and inner radius. Sectored FFR without power control have the highest SE, hence sectored FFR highly balances the needs of interference reduction and resource efficiency but at the expense of increased system complexity.
Effect of region of cultivation, tree age, and harvest time on the quality of Lebanese virgin olive oil (2023)

In Lebanon, olive oil plays an essential role at both economic and social levels. However, factors influencing its quality are rarely addressed. This preliminary study is the first analysis to show a comparison between ancient and adult virgin olive oil trees in Lebanon. Analysis of pedo-climatic conditions and physicochemical parameters of virgin oil samples taken from ancient and adult trees from three Lebanese regions (Bechmizine, Kfaraaka, and Kawkaba) and at two different harvest periods showed that these parameters differed significantly among cultivation regions, while the tree age and harvest time had a lower effect. We observed that the oil obtained from adult trees of Kawkaba region during the first harvest period (green to reddish stage of fruit maturity) had the best quality, compared to all other samples. Oil produced from these trees showed the highest polyphenol content, a relatively higher composition of tocopherols, oleic acid, monounsaturated fatty acids, and trans fatty acids C18: 1–C18: 2, with relatively low acidity and peroxide values. It was concluded that the quality of virgin olive oil was associated with its chemical composition, and was the result of a complex interaction between several environmental factors associated with the area of cultivation, tree age, and harvest time.
Random Heterogeneous Media: Microstructure and Improved Bounds on Effective Properties (1991)

The purpose of the present article is to review recent advances made in the determination and calculation of improved bounds on the effective properties of random heterogeneous media that depend upon the microstructure via n-point correlation functions. New breakthroughs made in the quantitative characterization of the microstructure of heterogeneous materials are also reviewed. The following four different effective properties shall be studied: (i) effective conductivity tensor (which includes, by mathematical analogy, the dielectric constant, magnetic permeability, and diffusion coefficient); (ii) effective stiffness tensor; (iii) diffusion-controlled trapping constant; and (iv) fluid permeability tensor. It shall be demonstrated that improved upper and lower bounds can provide a relatively sharp estimate of the effective property even when the bounds diverge from one another. Although this article reviews state-of-the-art advances in the field, an attempt will be made to elucidate methods and principles for the nonexpert.
Monitoring of hot pipes at the power plant Neurath using guided waves (2013)

In order to reduce the CO2-emissions and to increase the energy efficiency, the operating temperatures of power plants will be increased up to 720&deg;C. This demands for novel high-performance steels in the piping systems. Higher temperatures lead to a higher risk of damage and have a direct impact on the structure stability and the deposition structure. Adequately trusted results for the prediction of the residual service life of those high strength steels are not available so far. To overcome these problems the implementation of an online monitoring system in addition to periodic testing is needed. RWE operates the lignite power plant Neurath. All test and research activities have to be checked regarding their safety and have to be coordinated with the business operation of the plant. An extra bypass was established for this research and made the investigations independent from the power plant operating. In order to protect the actuators and sensors from the heat radiated from the pipe, waveguides were welded to the bypass. The data was evaluated regarding their dependencies on the environmental influences like temperature and correction algorithms were developed. Furthermore, damages were introduced into the pipe with diameters of 8 mm to 10 mm and successfully detected by the acoustic method.
Hydrogen Fuel for Surface Transportation (1996)

This book provides background information on the advantages and disadvantages of hydrogen as a fuel for surface transportation, it describes the current state of technology of hydrogen-fueled vehicles, and discusses the future requirements of the so-called 'hydrogen economy'. The reprints and introductory material of each chapter should be invaluable to new and experienced researchers in the field. Contents: Hydrogen Engines and Vehicles: Characteristics and Development - General Properties of Hydrogen as a Fuel Special Characteristics of a Hydrogen Engine On-Board Storage Systems. Fuel Cells - What is a Fuel Cell? Theoretical Background for Fuel Cells Types of Fuel Cells Principles of Low Temperature Alkaline Fuel Cells The Solid Polymer Fuel Cell or Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell High Temperature Fuel Cells Developing Fuel Cells for Vehicular Applications System Engineering Aspects Recent Developments with Fuel Cells. Hydrogen Production - Hydrogen Production from Fossil Fuels Water Electrolysis Thermochemical Water Decomposition Photo Conversion Hydrogen Production from Biomass. Hydrogen Safety - Accidents and Safety Studies Hazards Preventive and Safety Measures. The Hydrogen Economy - Production Storage Transportation and Distribution of Hydrogen. Hydrogen Vehicles: From Earliest Conception to the Present - Hydrogen Vehicle Projects.
Spectrum of neurodevelopmental disease associated with the GNAO1 guanosine triphosphate–binding region (2019)

GNAO1 encephalopathy most frequently presents with seizures beginning in the first 3 months of life. Concurrent movement disorders are also a prominent feature in the spectrum of GNAO1 encephalopathy. All variants affected the GTP-binding domain of GNAO1, highlighting the importance of this region for G-protein signaling and neurodevelopment.
Supervisor and Student Expectations of Level II Fieldwork (2004)

SUMMARYObjective: The purpose was to learn if fieldwork supervisors have greater expectations of students beginning Level II fieldwork compared to five years ago and how these compared to student expectations. Supervision was examined.Methods: Data were obtained through questionnaires from 81 fieldwork supervisors and 29 students doing second fieldwork rotations.Results: Supervisors have higher expectations of students. Supervisor and student expectations agreed. Demands of health care environments and new educational requirements influenced these changes. Supervisors still use traditional supervisory techniques.Conclusion: Findings give insight into expectations of current students and help universities develop programs that better prepare students for fieldwork.
Analysis of Asymmetric Dual-Hop Energy Harvesting-Based Wireless\n Communication Systems in Mixed Fading Environments (2020)

In this paper, the performance of a dual-hop energy harvesting-based\nfixed-gain amplify-and-forward (AF) relaying communication system, subject to\nfading impairments, is investigated. We consider a source node ($S$)\ncommunicating with a destination node ($D$) through a fixed distant relay\n($R$), which harvests energy from its received signals and uses it to amplify\nand forward the received signals to $D$. Power-splitting (PS) and\ntime-switching (TS) schemes are considered in the analysis for energy\nharvesting. The $S$-$R$ and $R$-$D$ hops are modeled by the Nakagami-$m$ and\n$\\alpha $-$\\mu $ fading models, respectively. Closed-form expressions for the\nstatistical properties of the end-to-end signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) are\nderived, based on which novel closed-form expressions for the average symbol\nerror rate (ASER) as well as average channel capacity (ACC) considering four\nadaptive transmission policies are derived. The derived expressions are\nvalidated through Monte-Carlo simulations.\n
Synthesis of Gold(I) and Gold(II) Complexes with Diphenyl(trimethylsilylmethyl)phosphane (1998)

The reaction of diphenyl(trimethylsilylmethyl)phosphane with [AuCl(tht)] affords the gold(I) complexes [AuCl(PPh2-CH2SiMe3)] (1) or [Au(PPh2CH2SiMe3)2]Cl (2). An X-ray study of 1 does not reveal any Au···Au interaction. Treatment of [Au(tht)2](CF3SO3) or [Au(tht)(PPh3)](CF3SO3) with diphenyl(trimethylsilylmethyl)phosphane results in the displacement of the thioether ligands to give the ionic complexes [Au(PPh2CH2SiMe3)2](CF3SO3) (3) or [Au(PPh2-CH2SiMe3)(PPh3)](CF3SO3) (4), the latter mixed with the symmetrical derivatives [Au(PPh2R)2](CF3SO3) (R = Ph, CH2-SiMe3). The molecular structure of complex 3 has been established by X-ray diffraction and shows an antiperiplanar arrangement of the two PR2R rotors in the solid state. The reaction of the phosphane ligand with [Au2{μ-(CH2)2-PPh2}2(tht)2](ClO4)2affords the dinuclear gold(II) complex [Au2{μ-(CH2)2PPh2}2(PPh2CH2SiMe3)2](ClO4)2 (5).
Synthesis of 3‘-3‘-Linked Oligonucleotides Branched by a Pentaerythritol Linker and the Thermal Stabilities of the Triplexes with Single-Stranded DNA or RNA (2003)

Synthesis of 3'-3'-linked oligonucleotides branched by a pentaerythritol linker is described. The branched oligonucleotides were synthesized on a DNA/RNA synthesizer using a controlled pore glass (CPG) with a pentaerythritol linker carrying 4,4'-dimethoxytrityl (DMTr) and levulinyl (Lev) groups. The stability of the triplexes between the branched oligonucleotides and the target single-stranded DNA or RNA was studied by thermal denaturation. The oligonucleotides with the pentaerythritol linker formed thermally stable triplexes with the single-stranded DNA and RNA. Furthermore, the branched oligonucleotides containing 2'-O-methylribonucleosides, especially the oligonucleotide composed of 2'-deoxyribonucleosides and 2'-O-methylribonucleosides, stabilized the triplexes with the single-stranded DNA or RNA. Thus, the branched oligonucleotide containing 2'-O-methylribonucleosides may be a candidate for a novel antisense molecule by the triplex formation.
SlabWaveguides Made from Isotropic Dielectric Materials. Example of Subwavelength Planar Waveguides (2012)

This chapter explains the application of transfer matrix theory to find and characterise various properties of the guided modes of planar slab waveguides. The author pays particular attention to the case of subwavelength waveguides and demonstrates how such waveguides can be used for low-loss, low-dispersion guidance of THz waves. The chapter explains analytical expressions for the losses of a fundamental mode of a single mode slab waveguide caused by absorption of the waveguide materials. Various definitions of the modal size are possible; therefore, choosing a particular one is usually motivated by certain physical considerations. Controlled Vocabulary Terms dielectric materials; dielectric-loaded waveguides; S-matrix theory
Engineering Assessment of UO<sub>2</sub> and Cladding Behavior under High Burnup LOCA Conditions (2021)

To maximize the data extracted from a limited number of high-burnup fuel rod samples, several modeling efforts were performed to elucidate the fuel and the cladding responses of these fuels under transient conditions. These objectives were (1) to determine the role of the fuel stress state in fuel pulverization, (2) to ascertain the differences between conditions of cladding burst during experiments and those expected during a commercial reactor transient, and (3) to develop a method to conservatively calculate the geometry of the cladding rupture’s opening to inform fuel dispersal susceptibility.
Identification of Chromosomal Errors in Human Preimplantation Embryos with Oligonucleotide DNA Microarray (2013)

A previous study comparing the performance of different platforms for DNA microarray found that the oligonucleotide (oligo) microarray platform containing 385K isothermal probes had the best performance when evaluating dosage sensitivity, precision, specificity, sensitivity and copy number variations border definition. Although oligo microarray platform has been used in some research fields and clinics, it has not been used for aneuploidy screening in human embryos. The present study was designed to use this new microarray platform for preimplantation genetic screening in the human. A total of 383 blastocysts from 72 infertility patients with either advanced maternal age or with previous miscarriage were analyzed after biopsy and microarray. Euploid blastocysts were transferred to patients and clinical pregnancy and implantation rates were measured. Chromosomes in some aneuploid blastocysts were further analyzed by fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) to evaluate accuracy of the results. We found that most (58.1%) of the blastocysts had chromosomal abnormalities that included single or multiple gains and/or losses of chromosome(s), partial chromosome deletions and/or duplications in both euploid and aneuploid embryos. Transfer of normal euploid blastocysts in 34 cycles resulted in 58.8% clinical pregnancy and 54.4% implantation rates. Examination of abnormal blastocysts by FISH showed that all embryos had matching results comparing microarray and FISH analysis. The present study indicates that oligo microarray conducted with a higher resolution and a greater number of probes is able to detect not only aneuploidy, but also minor chromosomal abnormalities, such as partial chromosome deletion and/or duplication in human embryos. Preimplantation genetic screening of the aneuploidy by DNA microarray is an advanced technology used to select embryos for transfer and improved embryo implantation can be obtained after transfer of the screened normal embryos.
Target-or-Clear Zirconium-89 Labeled Silica Nanoparticles for Enhanced Cancer-Directed Uptake in Melanoma: A Comparison of Radiolabeling Strategies (2017)

Designing a nanomaterials platform with high target-to-background ratios has long been one of the major challenges in the field of nanomedicine. Here, we introduce a "target-or-clear" multifunctional nanoparticle platform that demonstrates high tumor-targeting efficiency and retention while minimizing off-target effects. Encouraged by the favorable preclinical and clinical pharmacokinetic profiles derived after fine-tuning surface chemical properties of radioiodinated (<sup>124</sup>I, <i>t</i><sub>1/2</sub> = 100.2 h) ultrasmall cRGDY-conjugated fluorescent silica nanoparticles (C dots), we sought to investigate how the biological properties of these radioconjugates could be influenced by the conjugation of radiometals such as zirconium-89 (<sup>89</sup>Zr, <i>t</i><sub>1/2</sub> = 78.4 h) using two different strategies: chelator-free and chelator-based radiolabeling. The attachment of <sup>89</sup>Zr to newer, surface-aminated, integrin-targeting C' dots using a two-pot synthesis approach led to favorable pharmacokinetics and clearance profiles as well as high tumor uptake and target-to-background ratios in human melanoma models relative to biological controls while maintaining particle sizes below the effective renal glomerular filtration size cutoff <10 nm. Nanoconjugates were also characterized in terms of their radiostability and plasma residence half-lives. Our <sup>89</sup>Zr-labeled ultrasmall hybrid organic-inorganic particle is a clinically promising positron emission tomography tracer offering radiobiological properties suitable for enhanced molecularly targeted cancer imaging applications.
Left main coronary artery dissection during cardiac catheterization. (1992)

A 70-year-old man with a downward sloping origin of the left main coronary artery developed left main dissection at coronary angiography and died despite emergency coronary by-pass surgery. Autopsy showed that the left main coronary artery had an acute angle take off and dissection had originated at the junction of the superior wall of the left main and the aorta. The combination of left main stenosis secondary to dissection and severe right coronary atherosclerosis had caused circumferential subendocardial left ventricular infarction. The left main coronary artery had mild atherosclerosis and lacked cystic medial necrosis. An angulated left main coronary artery may be a risk factor for dissection at angiography.
GATE-CONTROLLED DIODE - A NEW WAY FOR ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS (2009)

The paper presents new applications for the gate-controlled diode working in the breakdown regime. The proposed circuits are based on the special transfer characteristic having linear portions and switching with hysteresis features. Two examples are given, namely the follower amplifier and the relaxation oscillator. 1.
Texture analysis of TEM micrographs of alginate gels for cell microencapsulation (2010)

In this work, the morphological characteristics of a calcium alginate gel and a binary (gel) mixture composed of (calcium) alginate and lactose-modified chitosan (chitlac) are evaluated and compared to quantify the differences between the two three-dimensional (3D) structures. A set of textural descriptors based on histogram analysis as well as on gray level co-occurrence matrix and on fractal dimension is extracted from transmission electron microscopy micrographs to describe the morphological differences that the images present. The obtained results reveal significant quantitative morphological differences between the calcium alginate gel and the binary gel mixture that were already inferred from rheological experiments, so as to provide a structural basis for developing new encapsulation systems based on such mixed polymer gels.
Activation of Stress-activated Protein Kinases/c-Jun N-terminal Protein Kinases (SAPKs/JNKs) by a Novel Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Kinase (MKK7) (1997)

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinases (MKKs) are dual-specificity protein kinases that phosphorylate and activate MAPK. We have isolated a cDNA encoding a novel protein kinase that has significant homology to MKKs. The novel kinase MKK7 has a nucleotide sequence that encodes an open reading frame of 347 amino acids with 11 kinase subdomains. MKK7 is ubiquitously expressed in all adult and embryonic organs but displays high expression in epithelial tissues at later stages of fetal development. When transiently expressed in 293 cells, MKK7 specifically activated stress-activated protein kinases (SAPKs)/c-Jun N-terminal protein kinases (JNKs) but not extracellular-regulated kinase or p38 kinase. A kinase-negative mutant of MKK7 inhibits interleukin-1beta, lipopolysaccharide, and MEKK1-induced SAPK/JNK activation. Thus, MKK7 is a new member of the MAPK kinase family that functions upstream of SAPK/JNK in the SAPK/JNK signaling pathway.
Capsaicin Sensitive-Sensory Nerves and Blood Pressure Regulation (2003)

Capsaicin (8-methyl-N-vannillyl-6-nonenamide), via binding to the vanilloid receptor subtype 1 (VR1), stimulates a subpopulation of primary afferent neurons that project to cardiovascular and renal tissues. These capsaicin-sensitive primary afferent neurons are not only involved in the perception of somatic and visceral pain, but also have a "sensory-effector" function. Regarding the latter, these neurons release stored neuropeptides through a calcium-dependent mechanism via the binding of capsaicin to the VR1. A subset of capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerves contains calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P (SP). These sensory neuropeptides are potent vasodilators and natriuretic/diuretic factors. Neonatal degeneration of capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerves has revealed novel mechanisms that underlie increased salt sensitivity and several experimental models of hypertension. These mechanisms are reviewed, which include insufficient suppression of plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone levels subsequent to salt loading, enhancement of sympathoexcitatory response in the face of a salt challenge, activation of the endothelin-1 receptor, and impaired natriuretic response to salt loading in capsaicin-pretreated rats. These data indicate that sensory nerves counterbalance the prohypertensive effects of several neuro-hormonal systems to maintain normal blood pressure when challenged with salt loading. Mechanisms underlying pneumotoxicity and pulmonary hypertension as revealed by degeneration of capsaicin-sensitive nerves are also discussed. Finally, the therapeutic utilities of capsaicin, endogenous anandamide, and CGRP agonists are assessed.