gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Video-speed detection of the absolute position of a light point on a large-area photodetector based on luminescent waveguides (2010)

A large-area photosensor is presented that uses the coupling of light into the planar waveguide mode of a polycarbonate foil by luminescent dyes to extend the active area of silicon photodiodes attached to the surface of the foil in a regular pattern. The photodiode signal is directly related to the distance between the point where light is coupled into the foil and the photodiode, thus enabling a precise recovery of the position of a localized light signal hitting the foil. We present a large-area device that can trace the movement of a light point generated by a laser pointer hitting its surface.
Abstract 790: Are laboratory mice too cold to mount effective anti-tumor immune responses (2011)

Abstract During the course of experiments to determine the effects of elevated body temperature on anti-tumor immune responses, we unexpectedly observed that in control animals bearing tumors and maintained under standard room temperatures (IACUC-compliant, 21-23°C), the core temperature actually began to fall significantly as the tumors grew larger. Moreover, using thermal preference analyses, we found that animals bearing tumors exhibit considerable heat-seeking behavior. In an attempt to keep body temperature within the normal range (∼37°C), we began to house tumor bearing mice in a warmer environment (i.e., 28-30°C) considered to be the thermoneutral temperature for mice, as apposed to IACUC compliant temperatures which are considered mildly hypothermic for mice. Decisions that have resulted in the mildly cooler environmental temperature required in animal colonies have been generally based upon optimizing air-handling capacity of fumes and the thermal comfort of personnel rather than the optimal thermal comfort of animals (hence the requirements for multiple mice per cage to allow for huddling). When we analyzed tumor growth under thermoneutral conditions, syngeneic tumor growth was significantly delayed in animals maintained at 28-30°C compared to tumor growth in animals maintained at 21-23 oC. If the same comparison is made using SCID mice, no difference in tumor growth rate is observed. More specifically, BALB/c, C57BL/6 and SCID mice were housed in either standard room temperature (RT = 21-23°C) or in a warmer ambient temperature (WR = 28-30°C). Mice were then implanted with a syngeneic tumor (CT26 for BALB/c and SCID; B16.F10 for C57BL/6) subcutaneously and tumor growth was monitored. Tumor growth in C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice was inhibited when mice were housed in the warmer ambient temperature compared to animals maintained in standard room temperature. There was no difference in CT26 tumor growth in SCID mice. This finding suggested that the T cell-dependent anti-tumor immune response may be at least partly responsible for enhanced tumor growth control under conditions of warmer ambient temperature. Results of depletion studies in C57BL/6 mice bearing B16.F10 tumors, showed that both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were required for inhibition of tumor growth in the warmer ambient temperature. In BALB/c mice bearing CT26 tumors, only CD8+ T cells were required to inhibit tumor growth. These findings suggest that the natural anti-tumor immune response exhibited by mice housed in standard colony conditions is sub-optimal and can be improved simply by housing mice under thermoneutral conditions. T cell dependent anti-tumor immunity appears to be at least one immune mechanism which is improved when animals are not cold stressed. Supported by NIH R01 CA 135368. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 790. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-790
Ballistic versus diffusive base transport in the high-frequency characteristics of bipolar transistors (1992)

The time-dependent Boltzmann equation is used to calculate the small-signal complex base transport factor α(ω) for different ratios between the base width W and the scattering mean-free path lsc. It is shown that the phase trajectory (Re α, Im α) has a universal character both in the diffusion limit (W≫lsc) and the ballistic limit (lsc≫W). In the latter limit, the trajectory is completely determined by the distribution function of minority carriers injected into the base. The complex trajectories are plotted for several model distributions, including the usual thermal distribution and taking into account the injection energy appropriate for a heterojunction bipolar transistor with a wide-gap emitter.
Efficient clock-cycle precise simulation at architecture level in C++ (2002)

Typically the design of hardware and software for embedded systems is tightly coupled. In combination, hardware and software have to fulfil the specific requirements of a particular application. This represents a challenge and opportunity in order to look for a balanced solution between both parts. A fast simulator with adequate interfaces is able to support this desire based on experiments starting early during the design process. This paper presents SEARS, a high level simulation written in C++ which is fast enough to run real-world programs on simulated hardware and, nevertheless, generates sufficient time information to measure program execution time precisely. The simulator provides configuration layers for increased flexibility and an interface with familiar parts for both the hardware and the software engineer.
Amplified Electrochemical Detection Based on Redox Cycle at a Liquid/Liquid Interface Formed in a Microchannel (2004)

Abstract An electrochemical detector chip with a Y-shaped microchannel was fabricated, and an amplification of the detection current based on the redox cycle at the liquid/liquid interface formed in the microchannel was demonstrated. The dependence of the amplification factor on the flow rate of the solutions was studied.
Abstract 5593: A cancer-associated hyperphosphorylation site on topoisomerase I serine 506 as a biomarker for camptothecin sensitivity. (2013)

Abstract Topoisomerase I (topo I) plays a central role in cancer as the target of a potent class of chemotherapeutic drugs derived from the plant alkaloid camptothecin that includes irinotecan and topotecan. We have identified a novel cancer-specific phosphorylation site at serine 506 in topo I (PS506), targeted by protein kinase CK2, that identifies cancer cells with elevated CK2, hyperphosphorylated topo I, increased topo I activity, and increased sensitivity to camptothecin. CK2 treatment of recombinant topo I in vitro also induces topo I hyperphosphorylation and expression of the PS506 epitope, and results in increased binding of topo I to supercoiled plasmid DNA. The hyperphosphorylated, PS506-form of topo I is more effective than the basal phosphorylated enzyme at relaxing plasmid supercoils but has a similar catalytic rate as the basal phosphorylated enzyme once bound to DNA. The PS506 epitope is not detected in normal cells or cancer cell lines with lower levels of CK2 activity. By experimentally manipulating CK2 activity in cancer cell lines, we have demonstrated a cause and effect relationship between CK2 activity, PS506 expression, camptothecin-induced cellular DNA damage, and cellular camptothecin sensitivity. The PS506 epitope is therefore an indicator of dysregulated, hyperphosphorylated topo I in cancer cells, and holds promise as a novel diagnostic biomarker that predicts tumor responsiveness to widely used topo I-targeted therapies. Citation Format: Keya Bandyopadhyay, Pingchuan Li, Ruth A. Gjerset. A cancer-associated hyperphosphorylation site on topoisomerase I serine 506 as a biomarker for camptothecin sensitivity. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5593. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5593
Pancreatic enzyme supplementation in pancreatic cancer. (2009)

Patencies of the pancreatic duct system in conjunction with normal exocrine function of pancreatic tissue are a prerequisite for adequate digestion and assimilation of nutrients. The key enzymes are amylase, lipase, trypsin, and chymotrypsin. Physiologic exocrine secretion is a cyclic phenomenon that is intimately linked to gastrointestinal (GI) motility. Sequential to gastric emptying, the exocrine secretion rate rises by three to six times within an hour and is back to the basal rate about 3 to 4 hours after ingestion.4 The quantity and duration of secretion positively correlate with the caloric value of food ingested, the free fatty acid content, the presence of certain amino acids (phenylalanine, valine, methionine, and tryptophan), the solidity of a meal, and osmolality. After a standard meal, the output of lipase rises by 3 to 6 times, and the output of amylase and trypsin rises by 10 to 20 times. To prevent rapid degradation of lipase, a duodenal pH of 6–7 is needed, and the amount of bicarbonate secreted into the duodenum is critical for fat digestion, as demonstrated by DiMagno and associates.5 There are two ways by which malignant tumors compromise intraluminal secretion of pancreatic enzymes. Apart from obstruction of the pancreatic duct, loss of functioning pancreatic parenchyma by progressive destruction by tumor is an important mechanism. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) studies6 indicate that the severity of obstruction is directly proportional to the length of the opacified pancreatic duct and the proximity to the duodenum. Most exocrine tissue is contained at the head of the pancreas; tumor of this region constitutes 85% of all cases, and carries a dismal prognosis.5 The secretion does not decrease until 60% of the total length of the duct is involved. Perez et al found fat malabsorption rates in the range of 80%–90% in patients with PC before pancreaticoduodenectomy and in those who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy 5 years Correspondence to: Muhammad Wasif Saif, MD, Division of Medical Oncology, 333 Cedar Street, FMP 116, New Haven, CT 06520; telephone: (203) 737-1569; fax: (203) 785-3788; e-mail: wasif.saif@yale.edu Dr. Damerla is a medical oncologist, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana.
Stroke Essentials for Primary Care (2009)

Stroke Essentials for Primary Care: A Practical Guide is a must-have resource, offering the essential, practical knowledge required to evaluate and treat stroke patients. While an indispensable guide
A New Ultralightweight RFID Authentication Protocol with Permutation (2012)

One of the key problems in RFID is security and privacy. The implementation of authentication protocols is a flexible and effective way to solve this problem. This letter proposes a new ultralightweight RFID authentication protocol with permutation (RAPP). RAPP avoids using unbalanced OR and AND operations and introduces a new operation named permutation. The tags only involve three operations: bitwise XOR, left rotation and permutation. In addition, unlike other existing ultralightweight protocols, the last messages exchanged in RAPP are sent by the reader so as to resist de-synchronization attacks. Security analysis shows that RAPP achieves the functionalities of the authentication protocol and is resistant to various attacks. Performance evaluation illustrates that RAPP uses fewer resources on tags in terms of computation operation, storage requirement and communication cost.
On the performance issues of object-based buffering (2002)

Due to the nature of supported applications, object-oriented DBMSs need efficient mechanisms for the retrieval of complex objects and the navigation along semantic links among objects. Object clustering is effective when the primary access pattern follows the primary relationship used for clustering, but not so effective when multiple relationships are involved. Object buffering provides a possible solution to compensate the limitation of clustering schemes. The paper investigates the advantages of using an additional layer of object-based buffer pools on top of a traditional page-based buffer pool, and proposes a profile-based buffering scheme to optimize the efficiency of object buffer pools. The performance evaluation based on the semantic implementation of profiles was conducted.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Production of Defluorinated Phosphate Rock. Calcining without Fusion in Rotary Kilns (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProduction of Defluorinated Phosphate Rock. Calcining without Fusion in Rotary KilnsW. T. Whitney and C. A. HollingsworthCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1949, 41, 7, 1325–1327Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50475a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50475a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views102Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Dimethyl L‐Tartrate 2,3‐Cyclic Sulfate with Dimethyl Sulfide and with Pyridine. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Polyurethane foam recycling. Superheated steam hydrolysis (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolyurethane foam recycling. Superheated steam hydrolysisGregory A. Campbell and William C. MeluchCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1976, 10, 2, 182–185Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es60113a008https://doi.org/10.1021/es60113a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views795Altmetric-Citations46LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fetal Weight at Term Influenced by H-2-Associated Loci (1994)

Pregnant mice which in theory differ only in the region of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on chromosome 17 (C57BL/10, the inbred partner [host strain], and B10.D2, B10.BR, B10.A, B10.A[2R], B10.A[5R], B10.A[15R] and B10.A[18R]) were sacrificed on the 11th and 18th days of gestation, and the fetuses were sexed and weighed. Fetuses from reciprocal crosses between B10.A and B10.BR, B10.D2 and C57BL/10 were weighed and sexed on the 18th day of gestation. It was found that (i) fetal weights were not significantly different among the strains examined on day 11 (B10.BR, B10.A[15R] and B10.A[18R]), (ii) B10.BR fetuses of both sexes weighed significantly less than fetuses from the other strains on day 18, (iii) B10.D2 18-day-old male but not female fetuses were heavier than the males from the other strains (this difference was not present when corrections for litter size were made), (iv) the fetuses from the B10.A x B10.BR cross were the smallest, those from the B10.D2 x B10.A cross the largest, and those from the B10.A x C57BL/10 crosses intermediate, and (v) maternal effects were noted in the B10.A x B10.BR and B10.A x B10.D2 but not the B10.A x C57BL/10 crosses. The results suggest that there are two or more MHC associated loci that influence growth rate in late gestation. Among the candidate genes are Ped and Igfr II.
Thermophysical properties correlations and pseudocomponent characterization parameter estimation for fossil fluids. Second quarterly report (III year) (1986)

This report summarizes work performed during the period December 1, 1985 through February 28, 1986. During this period, a data bank for the viscosity of coal derived liquids was treated. The Gulf Research and Development Company has conducted measurements for various thermophysical properties of narrow boiling range coal liquids from the SRC-II process. Data for 17 undefined fractions include measurements of viscosity, thermal conductivity, density, vapor pressure, specific heat, surface tension, and heat of vaporization. Molecular weight, boiling point, and specific gravity for each distillation cut are also reported. Data on various properties of coal liquids produced from the Exxon Doner Solvent coal liquefaction process are also reported in literature. 3 tabs.
On the synthesis of pure (meth) acrylate esters and their corresponding homopolymers (1990)

Abstract We have observed that homopolymers of certain (meth)acrylate esters, prepared by the Schotten–Baumann method of (meth)acryloyl chloride and desired alcohol, in the presence of triethylamine or pyridine, formed gels. The mechanism of gelation was investigated and found to be due to a diene impurity, (meth)acrylic anhydride, which cannot be easily separated from many (meth)acrylate esters. For preparation of pure (meth)acrylate esters, the S N 2 displacement reaction of (meth)acrylate anion with the desired chloro compound is recommended. The yields of the two reactions are comparable, and even t ‐butoxycarbonylmethyl methacrylate is produced in 73% yield by the recommended method.
Film Grain Noise In Partially Coherent Imaging (1980)

Optical image formation (and processing) is strongly affected by film grain noise. The noise effects depend on the spatial coherence of the illumination. In this paper we shall analyze these phenomena in the case of Kohler illumination. The effective transmittance of any photographic image is instrument dependent due to diffusion by the grain (Callier effect). Thus the question arises: what is the meaningful physical quantity in image formation? The Callier effect directly influences the contrast of weak modulations, which happens to be maximum in symmetric partially coherent illumination. Ultimately, the detection of weak modulations is not limited by the contrast but by the signal-to-noise ratio. Using reasonable statistical assumptions for the noise behavior, the optimal conditions for weak modula-tion detection will be discussed. This study is primarily devoted to imaging problems, but its results may be partly extended to double-slit microdensitometry. In that case, however, the illumination setup makes the complete study more difficult than in the Kohler illumination case.
Screening for New Secondary Metabolites from Microorganisms (2001)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Screening methods and novel compounds Increasing structural diversity by directed fermentations Acknowledgments References
Ultrasound-Guided Closed Reduction of Nasal Bone Fracture. (2007)

Purpose: Nasal bone fracture may be the most common fracture among facial trauma. However, diagnosis and treatment tend to be overlooked while the reduction and maintenance of fragments remain complicated. Thus, the results are plagued with high rate of nasal deformity which leads cosmetic and functional discomfort. We took advantage of the fact that the nasal bone is one of the thinnest facial bone while at the same time being located close to the skin and utilized ultrasound in performing reduction of nasal bone.Methods:This method was performed on 25 patients with nasal bone fracture. The CL 15-7 linear array transducer (10-15MHz) ultrasound which provides a total of 7 views (3 axial views and 4 transverse views) of the elevator under the bony fragments was enough for the surgeon to accurately perform the reduction.Results: In our class, an accurate and precise reduction has been made possible by real time images before, during, and after the procedure with the help of ultrasound while reducing the exposure to radiation.Conclusion: Compared to previous methods, satisfaction of patients has increased in the nasal tip, minimal fracture of the side wall and secondary reduction cases. Therefore, the incorporation of ultrasound in the closed reduction of nasal bone may prove to be a useful method.
Synthesis of Boronated Alkoxyphenylalanines (2004)

Synthesis of (2-methoxy-5-dihydroxyborylphenyl)alanine, (2-butoxy-5-dihydroxyborylphenyl) alanine, and (2-methoxy-4-dihydroxyborylphenyl)alanine for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy is described. In the key step, the amino acid functionality was introduced by the Wittig reaction. The approach provides a general access to alkoxy substituted boronated phenylalanines. Keywords: boronated amino acids, boron neutron capture therapy, boronates, boronic acids, wittig reaction