gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Noninvasive SpO2/FiO2 ratio as surrogate for PaO2/FiO2 ratio during simulated prolonged field care and ground and high-altitude evacuation (2020)

SpO2/FiO2 ratio is a useful surrogate for PFR when arterial blood gas testing is not available during dynamically changing physiologic conditions, for example, during austere conditions, PFC, or aeromedical evacuation, and may permit early detection of casualties in need of lung-specific life-saving interventions. Studies in critically ill humans are warranted.
Acute Effects of Amiodarone Administration on Thyroid Function in Patients with Cardiac Arrhythmia (1997)

Because little has been published on early effects of treatment with amiodarone on thyroid function, we studied serum total and free thyroid hormone, reverse T3, and TSH levels in patients with cardiac arrhythmias during the first 10 days of treatment with a loading dose of amiodarone by iv infusion. Twenty-four patients were enrolled in the study. A standardized loading regimen for the i.v. infusion of amiodarone was used. The protocol provided the i.v. infusion of 20 mg/kg per day on day 1, the i.v. infusion of 10 mg/kg per day on day 2, then 600 mg/day per os for 7-10 days, and finally, in patients chronically treated with the drug, the dose was gradually reduced to 400-200 mg/day per os. Total and free concentrations of T4 tended to progressively and significantly increase (P < 0.0001 repeated measures ANOVA) starting from the fourth day of therapy, whereas total T3 decreased from the second day progressively (P < 0.0001) throughout the study; free T3 did not significantly change. TSH levels early and significantly (P < 0.001, by ANOVA) increased throughout the study, starting from the first day of therapy and reaching at 10 days a value 2.7 times higher than the basal value. Reverse T3 levels progressively and significantly (after 2 days of treatment) increased and paralleled the TSH values, reaching at the 10th day a value about 2 times higher than basal value. In conclusion, our data suggest that after i.v. treatment with amiodarone: 1) TSH is the first hormone to change significantly followed by reverse T3, T4, and T3; 2) the progressive fall of T3 levels reflects an inhibition of the peripheral conversion of T4 to T3; 3) the observed later increase of total and free T4 levels may be explained by a contribution of direct thyroidal stimulation by TSH and/or by a reduction in T4 clearance.
High-power continuous-wave upconversion fiber laser at room temperature (1997)

We report cw laser emission of a Pr, Yb-doped ZrF(4)-BaF(2)-LaF(3)-AlF(3)-NaF fiber in the red spectral region. Laser emission was achieved on the transition P(0)(3)?F(2)(3)(lambda(L)=635 nm) with a Ti:sapphire pump laser tuned to lambda(p)=850 nm . A maximum output power of P(out)=675 mW was obtained at an incident pump power of P(in)=3.37 W . The output power was increased to P(out)=1020 mW when pumping with P(in)=5.51 W was provided by two Ti:sapphire lasers. A photon avalanche process was found to contribute strongly to the population of the upper laser level.
Delayed fractional dose regimen of the RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine candidate enhances an IgG4 response that inhibits serum opsonophagocytosis (2017)

A recent study of the RTS,S malaria vaccine, which is based on the circumsporozoite protein (CSP), demonstrated an increase in efficacy from 50-60% to 80% when using a delayed fractional dose regimen, in which the standard 0-1-2 month immunization schedule was modified to a 0-1-7 month schedule and the third immunization was delivered at 20% of the full dose. Given the role that antibodies can play in RTS,S-induced protection, we sought to determine how the modified regimen alters IgG subclasses and serum opsonophagocytic activity (OPA). Previously, we showed that lower CSP-mediated OPA was associated with protection in an RTS,S study. Here we report that the delayed fractional dose regimen resulted in decreased CSP-mediated OPA and an enhanced CSP-specific IgG4 response. Linear regression modeling predicted that CSP-specific IgG1 promote OPA, and that CSP-specific IgG4 interferes with OPA, which we subsequently confirmed by IgG subclass depletion. Although the role of IgG4 antibodies and OPA in protection is still unclear, our findings, combined with previous results that the delayed fractional dose increases CSP-specific antibody avidity and somatic hypermutation frequency in CSP-specific B cells, demonstrate how changes in vaccine regimen alone can significantly alter the quality of antibody responses to improve vaccine efficacy.
The Effective Multicistronic Expression System by a Single Vector Cassette Using the Viral 2A Segment (2012)

Introduction: The multiple protein expression using a single vector cassette is a very useful technique for generation of geneticallymodified pigs for xenotransplantation. The internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) element has a pitfall that the second gene at downstream is not expressed well relative to the first gene in mammalian cells. Although the second gene is well expressed in mammalian cells by the viral 2A vector system, the different destination of target proteins may affect the mutual expression level. Here, we investigated whether the upstream and downstream gene of the viral 2A segment is well expressed regardless of their final destination. Materials and methods: We cloned various cassettes including two genes into mammalian expression vector, pcDNA3.1 and transfected each of them into pig embryonic fibroblasts by electroporation. The protein expression levels were checked by western blotting or flow cytometry using extra- or intra-staining protocol. Results: In cassette # 1 and 2, the protein of EGFP and HA-HO1 at upstream of IRES element was expressed well. But, the protein expression of HA-HO1 and EGFP at downstream of IRES element was very low or not detected. In cassette # 3, 4, 5 and 6 the protein of EGFP, HA-HO1, EPCR and TM was expressed well regardless of their location in the vector. In cassette # 7 and 8, the protein of TM was expressed well regardless of the location. But, the protein expression of EGFP at the downstream of T2A segment was lower than the upstream EGFP. In cassette # 9, the protein expression level of the upstream gene, CD46, was extremely low and the the downstream gene, TM, was not expressed. In cassette # 10, the both of genes were expressed well. Overall, these data demonstrated that the multicistronic expression system using the viral 2A segment works better than the system using IRES element in mammalian cells, and that the protein expression level of target genes in the viral 2A system, was almost same regardless of their location in the vector even if they go toward different destination in cells. However, the protein expression level of the first gene determines the expression level of the second gene.Table: [Vector cassettes using in this study]Conclusion: The multicistronic expression system using the viral 2A segment is a useful system for making good expression of multiple genes, if protein expression level of the first gene is adequate. Therefore, a 2A vector system is promising for making genetically-modified pigs for multiple target genes for xenotransplantation. (Abbreviations: HA-HO1: Heme oxygenase 1 tagged with HA; TM: Thrombomodulin; EPCR: Endothelial protein C receptor; T2A: 2A segment from Thosea asigna virus; CP: Cytosolic protein; MP: Membrane protein)
Bacterial membrane activity of α-peptide/β-peptoid chimeras: Influence of amino acid composition and chain length on the activity against different bacterial strains (2011)

We found that chain length but not type of cationic amino acid influenced the antibacterial activity of a series of synthetic α-peptide/β-peptoid chimeras. The synthetic chimeras exert their killing effect by permeabilization of the bacterial cell envelope, and the outer membrane may act as a barrier in Gram-negative bacteria. The tolerance of S. marcescens to chimeras may be due to differences in the composition of the lipopolysaccharide layer also responsible for its resistance to polymyxin B.
Depletion of cellular glutathione by exogenous spermine in V79 cells: implications for spermine-induced hyperthermic sensitization. (1985)

The relationship between spermine-induced thermosensitization and modulation in the cellular redox state as measured by glutathione levels was studied using Chinese hamster V79 cells. Marked cellular glutathione depletion was observed for cells treated with exogenous 1 mM spermine at 37 degrees C or 43 degrees C. Glutathione depletion and thermal sensitization by spermine were found to be cell density dependent with maximum depletion and sensitization observed at low cell densities. These findings are discussed in the context that treatment of cells with exogenous polyamines such as spermine can result in cellular oxidative stress which may in part contribute to spermine-induced thermal sensitization.
The Effect of Cell Growth Phase on the Regulatory Cross-Talk between Flagellar and Spi1 Virulence Gene Expression (2014)

The flagellar regulon controls Salmonella biofilm formation, virulence gene expression and the production of the major surface antigen present on the cell surface: flagellin. At the top of a flagellar regulatory hierarchy is the master operon, flhDC, which encodes the FlhD₄C₂ transcriptional complex required for the expression of flagellar, chemotaxis and Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (Spi1) genes. Of six potential transcriptional start-sites within the flhDC promoter region, only two, P1(flhDC) and P5(flhDC), were functional in a wild-type background, while P6(flhDC) was functional in the absence of CRP. These promoters are transcribed differentially to control either flagellar or Spi1 virulent gene expression at different stages of cell growth. Transcription from P1(flhDC) initiates flagellar assembly and a negative autoregulatory loop through FlhD₄C₂-dependent transcription of the rflM gene, which encodes a repressor of flhDC transcription. Transcription from P1(flhDC) also initiates transcription of the Spi1 regulatory gene, hilD, whose product, in addition to activating Spi1 genes, also activates transcription of the flhDC P5 promoter later in the cell growth phase. The regulators of flhDC transcription (RcsB, LrhA, RflM, HilD, SlyA and RtsB) also exert their control at different stages of the cell growth phase and are also subjected to cell growth phase control. This dynamic of flhDC transcription separates the roles of FlhD₄C₂ transcriptional activation into an early cell growth phase role for flagellar production from a late cell growth phase role in virulence gene expression.
A Minimalist Approach to Parasitic Gap constructions (1998)

The purpose of this paper is to reconsider parasitic gap constructions from a different perspective and analyze these constructions in the framework of the Minimalist Program. The paper presents optional parasitic gaps as the crucial data after taking into account the cross-linguistic types of parasitic gap constructions. Reviewing the movement analysis and the non-movement analysis, I propose that it is most promising to explain parasitic gap constructions through the cyclic notion of Numeration under the Minimalist framework. 1.
Thermodynamic modelling of spodumene decrepitation (2020)

Recently, the demand for lithium metal and its associated compounds has been growing exponentially, mainly due to the increased consumption of lithium ion batteries. Consequently, to meet this demand, minerals such as spodumene have become the most important lithium-bearing resources. Although numerous methods have been studied for the extraction of lithium from spodumene, the conventional process of spodumene decrepitation followed by leaching in sulfuric acid, remains the proven commercial process. In the high temperature decrepitation process, α-spodumene is converted into β-spodumene and also some intermediate γ-spodumene can form. In the current research, a comprehensive thermodynamic analysis of the decrepitation of spodumene has been performed using HSC Chemistry® 7.1. Firstly, the thermodynamic data available in the literature for the various relevant lithium aluminosilicates was evaluated and then this data was incorporated into the HSC data base. Secondly, using the experimental data available in the literature, the non-ideal behaviour of spodumene was accounted for by the incorporation of activity coefficients. Finally, the model was applied to the decrepitation of both pure spodumene and also a spodumene concentrate. The modelled conversion results were in good agreement with the process data available in the literature.
Microfabrication of poly(acrylamide) hydrogels with independently controlled topography and stiffness (2020)

The stiffness and topography of a cell's extracellular matrix (ECM) are physical cues that play a key role in regulating processes that determine cellular fate and function. While substrate stiffness can dictate cell differentiation lineage, migration, and self-organization, topographical features can change the cell's differentiation profile or migration ability. Although both physical cues are present and intrinsic to the native tissues in vivo, in vitro studies have been hampered by the lack of technological set-ups that would be compatible with cell culture and characterization. In vitro studies therefore either focused on screening stiffness effects in cells cultured on flat substrates or on determining topography effects in cells cultured onto hard materials. Here, we present a reliable, microfabrication method to obtain well defined topographical structures of micrometer size (5-10 μm) on soft polyacrylamide hydrogels with tunable mechanical stiffness (3-145 kPa) that closely mimic the in vivo situation. Topographically microstructured polyacrylamide hydrogels are polymerized by capillary force lithography using flexible materials as molds. The topographical microstructures are resistant to swelling, can be conformally functionalized by ECM proteins and sustain the growth of cell lines (fibroblasts and myoblasts) and primary cells (mouse intestinal epithelial cells). Our method can independently control stiffness and topography, which allows to individually assess the contribution of each physical cue to cell response or to explore potential synergistic effects. We anticipate that our fabrication method will be of great utility in tissue engineering and biophysics, especially for applications where the use of complex in vivo-like environments is of paramount importance.
Human Papovavirus (JC): Induction of Brain Tumors in Hamsters (1973)

Eighty-three percent of hamsters inoculated at birth with JC virus, a human papovavirus isolated from brain tissue of a case of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, developed malignant gliomas within 6 months. Three brain tumors have been serially transplanted as subcutaneous tumors. JC virus was isolated from five of seven tumors tested. Cells from four tumors were cultivated in vitro. These cells contained an intranuclear antigen with the characteristics of a T antigen, and this antigen was antigenically related to SV40 T antigen. Although virus was not recovered from extracts of serially cultured tumor cells, JC virus was rescued when one tumor cell line was fused with permissive cells.
Interactions of spironolactone with (+)‐[3H]‐isradipine and (−)‐[3H]‐desmethoxyverapamil binding sites in vascular smooth muscle (1990)

Spironolactone partially inhibited the specific binding of (+)-[3H]-isradipine and (-)-[3H]-desmethoxyverapamil to vascular smooth muscle membranes. It is suggested that spironolactone interacts at a binding site of the calcium channel complex and allosterically modulates ligand binding at receptor sites in the channel.
Carnitine palmitoyltransferase in cardiac ischemia. A potential site for altered fatty acid metabolism. (1991)

The sensitivity of carnitine palmitoyl coenzyme A (CoA) transferase I to inhibition of its activity by malonyl-CoA is progressively reduced in mitochondria isolated from ischemic cardiac cells as blood flow decreases to 30% or less of the preocclusion flow. The activity of carnitine palmitoyl-CoA transferase I in mitochondria isolated from nonischemic cardiac cells demonstrates incomplete inhibition, even at high concentrations of malonyl-CoA. Kinetic analyses of these data gave results most consistent with the expression of two overt enzyme activities: one activity that is sensitive to inhibition by malonyl-CoA and one activity that demonstrates little or no sensitivity to such inhibition. The decrease in malonyl-CoA-sensitive activity associated with ischemia results from a 13% decrease in the activity of the sensitive component and a corresponding 13% increase in the activity of the insensitive component. Decreased sensitivity of ischemic carnitine palmitoyl-CoA transferase I to inhibition by malonyl-CoA, together with potential fluctuations in the content of malonyl-CoA in tissue, would increase the synthesis of palmitoylcarnitine during ischemia and facilitate return to the use of fatty acid as a preferred metabolic fuel on reperfusion. This apparent conversion occurs concomitantly with a decrease in the free protein thiol content of the mitochondrial membranes isolated from ischemic cardiac cells. Treatment of the mitochondria from ischemic cardiac cells with dithiothreitol in vitro partially reverses the loss in sensitivity to malonyl-CoA, suggesting the possible role of thiol oxidation in the altered metabolism of ischemic mitochondria. Western blot analysis of these mitochondria using an antibody against carnitine palmitoyltransferase II purified from beef heart demonstrates a 68-kDa protein, which under ischemic conditions apparently is decreased by 2 kDa. These results are more indicative of a modification in protein folding of carnitine palmitoyltransferase than proteolytic changes during ischemia.
Differential effects of two fluorouracil administration regimens for colorectal cancer (2003)

Mechanisms of anti-tumor action of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) are presumed to inhibit DNA synthesis and RNA function, and the balance of these mechanisms is presumed to depend on the modalities of administration. On the other hand, variability of 5-FU sensitivity of the tumors is also presumed to depend on the enzymes of 5-FU metabolism (e.g. dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase; DPD, rate limiting enzyme of catabolism) and action target (e.g. thymidylate synthase; TS). We studied the effects of modalities of administration and enzyme activities related to metabolism and target of 5-FU on the mechanism of anti-tumor action in patients with colorectal cancer. Thirty-eight patients who were diagnosed at stage II to IV preoperatively were enrolled. Patients were randomly assigned to receive 24-h protracted IV infusion of 5-FU at 320 mg/m(2)/day for 5 days (CIV group: 18 patients) or 10-min bolus IV infusion of 5-FU at the same dosage for 5 days (BIV group: 20 patients) administered from the 5th preoperative day. Specimens from the tumor and non-tumor regions were obtained by operation. F-RNA (fraudulent-RNA, or 5-FU in RNA) concentration, an indicator for action of 5-FU to RNA, and the enzyme activities of DPD and TS, an indicator for action of 5-FU to DNA, in the collected specimens were measured by GC-MS or RI-HPLC. F-RNA concentration (ng/mg-RNA) in the tumor and non-tumor region in the CIV group was 100.58+/-16.88 and 50.11+/-6.03, respectively, with a significant difference between them (P<0.05), and in the tumor and non-tumor region in the BIV group was 195.32+/-16.26 and 121.05+/-10.62, respectively, with a significant difference between them (P<0.01). F-RNA concentration in the tumor and non-tumor regions in the BIV group was significantly higher than those in the CIV group (P<0.05). DPD activity and TS activity were not significantly different between the CIV and the BIV groups in the tumor and non-tumor region, respectively. F-RNA concentration was negatively correlated to DPD activity (r=-0.540, P<0.05) in the tumor region in the CIV group. F-RNA was not correlated to DPD activity in the non-tumor region in the CIV group or in the tumor and non-tumor region in the BIV group. F-RNA was not correlated to TS activity in the tumor or non-tumor region of the two groups. DPD activity was not correlated to TS activity in the tumor or non-tumor region of the two groups. BIV inhibited RNA function more potently than CIV and this was not dependent on TS or DPD activity. As for the inhibition of DNA synthesis, other indicators should be considered further.
Evaluation selection of encapsulating plastics for ordnance electronic assemblies (1981)

Abstract : A program was conducted to evaluate new plastics for encapsulating ordnance electronic circuits. Various candidate plastics including foams, syntactic resins, filled systems, semirigids, elastomers and molded thermoplastics and thermosets were evaluated through extensive mechanical and environmental tests followed by encapsulation of test circuits. Additionally, a relative cost comparison of the various material categories was conducted to identify and quantify cost drivers.
Structured-illumination photoacoustic Doppler flowmetry of axial flow in homogeneous scattering media (2013)

We propose a method for photoacoustic flow measurement based on the Doppler effect from a flowing homogeneous medium. Excited by spatially modulated laser pulses, the flowing medium induces a Doppler frequency shift in the received photoacoustic signals. The frequency shift is proportional to the component of the flow speed projected onto the acoustic beam axis, and the sign of the shift reflects the flow direction. Unlike conventional flowmetry, this method does not rely on particle heterogeneity in the medium; thus, it can tolerate extremely high particle density. A red-ink phantom flowing in a tube immersed in water was used to validate the method in both the frequency and time domains. The phantom flow immersed in an intralipid solution was also measured.
Molecular biomarkers in cervical cancer diagnosis: a critical appraisal (2013)

The most promising cytological biomarkers for cervical cancer screening are p16(INK4a)/Ki-67 dual immunostaining, methylation of CADM1 and MAL and viral integration. Although some of the biomarkers are very promising for this purpose, no studies have evaluated how accurately these biomarkers classify or predict the outcome. Additional clinical trials are needed to determine the true clinical value of these promising cytological biomarkers.
Outgassing behavior of A6063-EX aluminum alloy and SUS 304 stainless steel (1987)

The outgassing behavior of A6063-EX aluminum alloy and SUS 304 stainless steel has been studied by means of analyzing the outgassing rate curves and the residual gases in the vacuum system. The results indicate, when the chamber has been filled with moist gas, the major outgassing process is diffusion for the aluminum alloy, but is desorption for the stainless steel. When the filling gas is extremely dry, the outgassing stimulated by the filament of the ionization gauge may become dominant for both the aluminum alloy and the stainless-steel vacuum chambers.
Dielektrische Messungen an Cyclanonen IV. Cyclobutanon (1958)

Abstract The dielectric behavior of solid and liquid cyclobutanone in the frequency range from 40 kcps to 250 Mcps at temperatures between − 75° and + 55° C has been investigated. The substance melts at −52° C and shows no indication of free orientation in the solid state. The dipole moment, calculated from the liquid phase dielectric constant by Onsager's theory agrees reasonably with the Debye theory value determined form benzene solutions. The relaxation time at 25° in the liquid state is approximately the same as for the next higher homologues.