gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Solution-Processable BODIPY-Based Small Molecules for Semiconducting Microfibers in Organic Thin-Film Transistors (2016)

Electron-deficient π-conjugated small molecules can function as electron-transporting semiconductors in various optoelectronic applications. Despite their unique structural, optical, and electronic properties, the development of BODIPY-based organic semiconductors has lagged behind that of other π-deficient units. Here, we report the design and synthesis of two novel solution-proccessable BODIPY-based small molecules (BDY-3T-BDY and BDY-4T-BDY) for organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs). The new semiconductors were fully characterized by (1)H/(13)C NMR, mass spectrometry, cyclic voltammetry, UV-vis spectroscopy, photoluminescence, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterization of a key intermediate reveals crucial structural properties. Solution-sheared top-contact/bottom-gate OTFTs exhibited electron mobilities up to 0.01 cm(2)/V·s and current on/off ratios of >10(8). Film microstructural and morphological characterizations indicate the formation of relatively long (∼0.1 mm) and micrometer-sized (1-2 μm) crystalline fibers for BDY-4T-BDY-based films along the shearing direction. Fiber-alignment-induced charge-transport anisotropy (μ∥/μ⊥ ≈ 10) was observed, and higher mobilities were achieved when the microfibers were aligned along the conduction channel, which allows for efficient long-range charge-transport between source and drain electrodes. These OTFT performances are the highest reported to date for a BODIPY-based molecular semiconductor, and demonstrate that BODIPY is a promising building block for enabling solution-processed, electron-transporting semiconductor films.
Genome-Based Identification of Active Prophage Regions by Next Generation Sequencing in Bacillus licheniformis DSM13 (2015)

Prophages are viruses, which have integrated their genomes into the genome of a bacterial host. The status of the prophage genome can vary from fully intact with the potential to form infective particles to a remnant state where only a few phage genes persist. Prophages have impact on the properties of their host and are therefore of great interest for genomic research and strain design. Here we present a genome- and next generation sequencing (NGS)-based approach for identification and activity evaluation of prophage regions. Seven prophage or prophage-like regions were identified in the genome of Bacillus licheniformis DSM13. Six of these regions show similarity to members of the Siphoviridae phage family. The remaining region encodes the B. licheniformis orthologue of the PBSX prophage from Bacillus subtilis. Analysis of isolated phage particles (induced by mitomycin C) from the wild-type strain and prophage deletion mutant strains revealed activity of the prophage regions BLi_Pp2 (PBSX-like), BLi_Pp3 and BLi_Pp6. In contrast to BLi_Pp2 and BLi_Pp3, neither phage DNA nor phage particles of BLi_Pp6 could be visualized. However, the ability of prophage BLi_Pp6 to generate particles could be confirmed by sequencing of particle-protected DNA mapping to prophage locus BLi_Pp6. The introduced NGS-based approach allows the investigation of prophage regions and their ability to form particles. Our results show that this approach increases the sensitivity of prophage activity analysis and can complement more conventional approaches such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
Detection of peripherally inserted central catheter occlusion by in‐line pressure monitoring (2002)

In critically ill infants, in-line pressure monitoring of the PICC is helpful in detecting the occlusion of the catheter.
Detection and quantification of diameter reduction due to corrosion in reinforcing steel bars (2015)

Guided wave–based techniques are becoming popular for damage detection in pipes, rods, and plates. For monitoring reinforced concrete beams, the longitudinal guided wave is excited and recorded after its transmission through the reinforcing steel bar for estimating its corrosion level. Recorded signal amplitude is affected by the corrosion level. Thus, the corrosion level is estimated from the transmitted wave amplitude. Instead of investigating the amplitude of the transmitted guided waves, the differential time-of-flight of the propagating wave modes is recorded in this article. The differential time-of-flight is obtained from the time–frequency representations of the recorded transient signals and from the high temporal resolution using the cross-correlation technique. It is observed that the corrosion level can be quantified from the change in time-of-flight of the L(0,1) mode. The guided wave modes are experimentally generated, recorded, and compared with the theoretical dispersion curves to identify different modes and select the most efficient mode for quantifying the corrosion level. Unlike the recorded signal strength, the time-of-flight is not influenced by the bonding condition between the sensors and the specimen; therefore, the time-of-flight-based corrosion-monitoring technique is less influenced by the sensor bonding condition. This investigation is necessary because most investigators have studied the effect of corrosion on the recorded signal strength instead of its time-of-flight.
Towards Arithmetic-Centered Filter Design (2021)

A hardware implementation can be defined to be faithful to the frequency specification of a linear time-invariant digital filter. Filter design and implementation then become a single global optimisation problem. To solve this problem, existing tools are reviewed, and the missing ones are framed.
Expression of Caveolin-1 in tongue squamous cell carcinoma by quantum dots (2010)

Quantum dots (QDs) are a new class of fluorescent probes to detect biomarker expression. The role of caveolin-1 (Cav-1) in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) is still unknown. This study aimed to investigate the expression profile of Cav-1 in carcinogenesis and development of TSCC by QDs immunofluorescence histochemistry (QDs-IHC) and discuss the relationship between the Cav-1 expression and the clinicopathological outcomes. QDs-IHC was used to detect Cav-1 expression in tissue microarrays including normal tongue mucosa (NTM; n=10), hyperplastic tongue mucosa (HTM; n=10), tongue pre-cancer lesions (TPL; n=15) and primary tongue squamous cell carcinoma (PTSCC; n=61). Correlations between the Cav-1 expression and clinicopathologic variables were evaluated statistically. Cells positive for Cav-1 were clearly detected and bright images were obtained in a fine, granular pattern at the cell membrane and cytoplasm using QDs-IHC. The rate of Cav-1 immunoreactivity increased progressively from NTM (0%), HTM (0%), TPL (36%) to PTSCC (74%). When compared with each other, there was statistical significance among PTSCC, TPL and NTM as well as among PTSCC, TPL and HTM. Moreover, Cav-1 expression level in PTSCC was correlated positively with clinical stage and histologic grade. QDs-IHC could accurately detect protein location in tongue mucosa. An increased expression of Cav-1 in the stepwise carcinogenesis from NTM, HTM, TPL to PTSCC suggested that Cav-1 might be an oncogene in the development of tongue squamous cell carcinoma.
Determination of Plasma Glucose During Rapid Glucose Excursions with a Subcutaneous Glucose Sensor (2003)

Continuous glucose monitoring has the potential to improve glucose management and reduce the risk of hypoglycemia in individuals with diabetes. Accurate sensors may also allow the development of a closed-loop insulin delivery system. The purpose of this work was to determine the delay time associated with a subcutaneous glucose sensor during rapidly changing glucose excursions. Subcutaneous glucose sensors (Medtronic MiniMed, Inc., Northridge, CA) were inserted in five healthy men. After a 2-h stabilization period, a 3-h hyperglycemic (approximately 11 mM) clamp was performed followed by a 90-min period in which plasma glucose was allowed to decline to as low as 2.8 mM. Sensors were calibrated using two points (basal and hyperglycemia), and the calibrated sensor glucose measurements were compared with those from a reference analyzer (Beckman Instruments, Fullerton, CA). Response time was estimated from a first-order kinetic model. Plasma glucose levels, determined with the subcutaneous sensor, were highly correlated with those obtained with the reference glucose analyzer (r(2) = 0.91, p < 0.001; mean absolute difference of approximately 8%). The half-time for the sensor response was estimated to be 4.0 +/- 1.0 min. The subcutaneous glucose sensor has the potential to facilitate the detection of hypoglycemia and improve overall glycemic control when used in a real-time monitor. The rapid response should be sufficient to allow a fully automated closed-loop insulin delivery system to be developed based on the subcutaneous sensing site.
A DIRECT ALGORITHM FOR SOLVING ILL-CONDITIONED LINEAR ALGEBRAIC SYSTEMS (2000)

In this paper, a new algorithm is presented to directly solve the linear algebraic system Ax=b, where A is an y1 x it coefficient matrix which may be singular or ill-conditioned. By writing the system as an expanded matrix A’= [ ~ibi E], where E is an n x y1 unitary matrix, one can transform A into a unitary matrix through the row-transformations with complete pivoting and proper zeroing, It is shown that the algorithm can provide a solution in the non-null subspace of the solution space, if matrix A is singular. The criteria for curing ill-conditions are related to the numerical precision of computers. Numerical examples demonstrate the power of the new algorithm.
Rational Design and X-ray Molecular Structure of the First Irido-Cryptand and Encapsulation of a Tetrafluoroborate Anion The CNRS and UPMC are gratefully acknowledged for supporting this work. We thank Prof. D. Davoust and Dr. E. Condamine (IRCOF-Université de Rouen, France) for carrying out the special 13C{19F} NMR experiments on a 600 MHz Bruker instrument equipped with a TXO probe 13C/19F,1H. (2001)

Iridium and rhodium coordination chemistry has been used to self-assemble metallocryptands: Treatment of two equivalents of [Cp*M(solv)3][BF4]2 (Cp*=C5(CH3)5; M=Rh, Ir; solv=acetone) with three equivalents of the bidentate ligand 1,3-bis(aminomethyl)-2,5-dimethoxy-4,6-dimethylbenzene (L) afforded the first irido- and rhodio-cryptands [(Cp*M)2L3][BF4]4 in high yields (70–85 %). The use of less congested ligands increased the accessibility of the cavity of the metallocryptands and enabled the encapsulation of tetrafluoroborate ions (see scheme).
CD and FTIR spectroscopic studies of carbohydrate-modified opioid peptides (2008)

The variety of vital functions played by glycoproteins in many physiological and pathological processes inspired the design of glycopeptides and the study of the effect of glycosylation on conformation. This work reports comparative circular dichroism (CD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic studies on linear and cyclic Amadori and imidazolidinone-type glycopeptides 3-8 in comparison with spectroscopic data of the non-modified flexible parent peptides, Leu-enkephalin (H-Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu-OH. 1) and its amide (H-Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu-NH, 2). The CD and FTIR measurements were performed in different solvents in order to expose the structural and conformational differences caused by a keto-sugar. a rigid 5-membered imidazolidinone ring and/or cyclization. The combined application of CD and MR spectroscopy allowed to evaluate the relative amount of the extended and folded conformers of Amadori as well as imidazolidinone compounds and proved to be an effective tool for characterization of their structural features leading to a deeper understanding of their conformational behaviour.
Multiplexed holographic aperture masking with liquid-crystal geometric phase masks (2018)

Sparse Aperture Masking (SAM) allows for high-contrast imaging at small inner working angles, however the performance is limited by the small throughput and the number of baselines. We present the concept and first lab results of Holographic Aperture Masking (HAM) with extreme liquid-crystal geometric phase patterns. We multiplex subapertures using holographic techniques to combine the same subaperture in multiple non-redundant PSFs in combination with a non-interferometric reference spot. This way arbitrary subaperture combinations and PSF configurations can be realized, giving HAM more uv-coverage, better throughput and improved calibration as compared to SAM, at the cost of detector space.
Low-frequency modulation-assisted drilling using linear drives (2002)

A new machine tool based on linear drive technology has been developed for low-frequency modulation-assisted drilling. The linear drive utilizes a novel design for generating continuous drill feed motion with a superimposed low-frequency modulation of up to 400 Hz without the use of secondary actuators. The frequency characteristics of the drive are such that a wide variety of drilling conditions can be systematically explored. Results pertaining to torque, thrust and controlled chip breakage when drilling ductile aluminium alloys are presented to demonstrate the attractive features of modulation-assisted drilling using linear drives. It has been shown that the application of a superimposed modulation of the appropriate frequency and amplitude produces consistent chip breakage, thereby facilitating the drilling process. Furthermore, under these conditions, the mean torque and mean thrust are decreased in comparison with conventional drilling. The frequency and amplitude conditions for which such beneficial effects are observed can be predicted using a simple model for chip formation and forces in modulation-assisted drilling.
Novel, Potent, and Selective Phosphodiesterase-4 Inhibitors as Antiasthmatic Agents:  Synthesis and Biological Activities of a Series of 1-Pyridylnaphthalene Derivatives (1999)

The structural requirements for potent and selective PDE4 inhibition were revealed in a 1-pyridylnaphthalene series, and the best compound (3kg, T-2585.HCl) was chosen for further biological evaluation (PDE4 inhibition IC50 = 0.13 nM, selectivity PDE3/4 ratio = 14 000). Compound 3kg showed potent antispasmogenic activities (ED50 = 0.063 mg/kg for reduction of antigen-induced bronchoconstriction, intravenously; ED50 = 0.033 mg/kg for reduction of histamine-induced bronchoconstriction, intraduodenally) in guinea pigs with little cardiovascular effects. Furthermore, 3kg induced significantly weaker emetic effects than RP73401 after oral administration in ferrets and intravenous administration in dogs (3kg, none of 4 ferrets vomited at a dose of 10 mg/kg, po and none of 8 dogs vomited at a dose of 0.3 mg/kg, iv; RP73401, 4 of 8 ferrets vomited at a dose of 3 mg/kg, po and 6 of 8 dogs vomited at a dose of 0.3 mg/kg, iv); that is compatible with the lower affinity for the high-affinity rolipram binding site (3kg, 2.6 nM; RP73401, 0. 85 nM). This may imply that 3kg has an improved therapeutic ratio because of a broad margin between the Ki value of binding affinity and the IC50 value of PDE4 inhibition (ratio = 0.050).
Flavopiridol: pleiotropic biological effects enhance its anti-cancer activity (2004)

Flavopiridol has potent anti-proliferative properties due to its direct action of binding to the ATP-binding pocket of cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks), and due to its indirect action reducing levels of other cyclins and cdk inhibitors, contributing to its pleiotropic effects. Flavopiridol is a potent apoptotic agent due to its ability to cause cell death in cycling as well as non-cycling tumor cells; to down-regulate important cell survival proteins, such as survivin, through inhibition of the phosphorylation of Thr34; to increase sensitivity for S phase cells to drug treatment by modulating E2F-1 transcription factor activity in tumor cells; to induce both caspase-dependent and -independent mitochondrial cell death pathways; and to inhibit the activation of p-Akt which in turn inhibits activation of NF-kappaB. Flavopiridol possesses several important anti-angiogenic activities including induction of apoptosis of endothelial cells; inhibition of the hypoxic induction of vascular endothelial growth factor and/or its production under hypoxic conditions through inhibition of HIF-1alpha transcription; and decreased secretion of matrix metalloproteinases that is linked with significant inhibition of invasive potential in Matrigel assays. Taken together, the anti-proliferative and anti-angiogenic properties of flavopiridol may contribute to its anti-tumor activities observed in several preclinical animal models of human cancers including prostate, lymphoid, head and neck, colon, and glioma. These promising preclinical observations opened the way for phase I and II clinical trials. Given the low toxicity profile of flavopiridol used as a single agent in patients, combination therapy now offers numerous opportunities in the near future to improve the efficacy of flavopiridol in the treatment of refractory cancers.
INTRACELLULAR STORAGE OF SURFACTANT AND PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES IN CO-CULTURED ALVEOLAR EPITHELIUM AND MACROPHAGES IN RESPONSE TO INCREASING CO2AND CYCLIC CELL STRETCH (2008)

Cell stretch stimulates both surfactant and cytokine production. The authors proposed that stretch, through these effects, modifies the pathogenesis of lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury (ALI), and that this is CO(2) dependent. Rat alveolar type II cells and macrophages were co-cultured with lipopolysaccharide in 5%, 10%, or 20% CO(2) +/- stretch (30%, 60 cycles/min) for 6 hours. Intracellular TNF-alpha and IL-6 increased whereas secreted cytokine and surfactant decreased with increasing CO(2). Stretch independently increased intracellular TNF-alpha and decreased IL-6 secretion. Elevated CO(2) may therefore diminish secretion of proinflammatory cytokines by alveolar cells, contributing to an explanation for protective hypercapnia in ALI.
Expression of differentiation and progression antigens by naevus cells (1995)

Meije, C. B.; Le Poole, I. C.; Westerhof, W.; van Muijen, G. N. P.; Ruiter, D. J.; Das, P. K. Author Information
Iterative receivers with joint channel and frequency offset estimation in time-variant fading channels (2010)

We develop iterative turbo receivers for time-variant fading channels which jointly perform channel and frequency offset estimation together with data detection and decoding. Three versions of the joint estimator, the Bayesian, the maximum likelihood and the regularised-maximum likelihood are presented depending on how much knowledge of channel statistics is available. The estimation and detection are based on the basis expansion model of the fading time variations and use the di-chotomous search frequency estimation technique. Soft information generated in the turbo decoder is used to improve the quality of detection in the subsequent iterations. Simulation results show that the proposed receivers provide as good performance as the corresponding ones operating with perfect knowledge of the frequency offset.
Short cigarette smoke exposure facilitates sensitisation and asthma development in mice (2012)

Epidemiological studies indicate that cigarette smoke exposure is a risk factor for increased sensitisation and asthma development. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of cigarette smoke on sensitisation and allergic airway inflammation in response to a low dose of house dust mite (HDM), and to obtain potential mechanistic insights. Mice were exposed to low doses of HDM extract combined with air or cigarette smoke exposure, either during allergen sensitisation or during the development of allergic airway disease. Mice concomitantly exposed to low-dose HDM, combined with cigarette smoke for 3 weeks, demonstrated an asthmatic phenotype with significantly increased airway eosinophilia, goblet cell metaplasia, airway hyperresponsiveness and a rise in HDM-specific serum immunoglobulin G1, compared to sole HDM or cigarette smoke exposure. In addition, short cigarette smoke inhalation, during the initial contact with HDM allergens, was sufficient to facilitate sensitisation and development of a complete asthmatic phenotype after rechallenge with HDM. Mechanistically, short cigarette smoke exposure amplified dendritic cell-mediated transport of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labelled HDM allergens to the intrathoracic lymph nodes and generated a local T-helper cell type 2 response. Short cigarette smoke exposure is sufficient to facilitate allergic sensitisation and the development of low-dose HDM-induced allergic asthma, possibly by affecting dendritic cell function.
Toxicological evaluation on human colon carcinoma cell line (CaCo-2) of ionic liquids based on imidazolium, guanidinium, ammonium, phosphonium, pyridinium and pyrrolidinium cations (2009)

Toxicological evaluation of a new group of ionic liquids was performed on human colon cancerous cells—CaCo-2. They belong to different classes of cations: imidazolium (IM), dimethyl-guanidinium (dmg) and tetramethyl-guanidinium (tmg), methyl-pyrrolidinium (MPyr), 2-methyl-1-ethyl-pyridinium (2-MEPy), quaternary ammonium (benzyltriethyl-ammonium–BzTEA; phenyltrimethyl-ammonium–PhTMA; tri-n-octyl-methylammonium-Aliquat) and tri-n-hexyl-tetra-n-decylphosphonium (P6,6,6,14). The new results were compared with data obtained in previous reported studies performed in our lab, and we clearly saw that toxicity can vary significantly with the type of anion. Dicyanoamide-[DCA] and bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide-[NTf2] were seen to visibly change the impact of some cations. Some were considerably less harmful for CaCo-2 monolayer when the anion was [DCA] or [NTf2], while others induced an abnormal increase of cellular metabolism when [NTf2] was present and therefore, they were considered toxic. However, some cations induced similar responses in the presence of a broad number of anions as (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium)-[C4MIM] (with the exception of [FeCl4]), (1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylimidazolium)-[C2OHMIM] and [C4MPyr] and did not cause toxicity. Consequently, they are considered promising cations for building human friendlier solvents. But, a reasonable number of other combinations involving different classes of cations were also seen to not significantly affect viability of the CaCo-2 monolayer.
Coexpression of Cytidine Deaminase and Mutant Dihydrofolate Reductase by a Bicistronic Retroviral Vector Confers Resistance to Cytosine Arabinoside and Methotrexate (1998)

The transfer of a drug resistance gene into hematopoietic cells is an approach being investigated to overcome the problem of myelosuppression produced by anticancer drugs. Chemotherapeutic agents are often given in combination in order to increase their effectiveness. Consequently, there is an advantage in designing vectors for gene transfer that are capable of expressing two drug resistance genes. We have constructed a bicistronic retroviral vector, MFG-DHFR-IRES/CD, which contains the mutated human dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) cDNA with a phenylalanine-to-serine substitution at codon 31 (F31S) and the human cytidine deaminase (CD) cDNA. Murine fibroblast and hematopoietic cells were transduced with this vector and evaluated for their resistance to methotrexate (MTX) and cytosine arabinoside (ARA-C). The transduced fibroblast cells showed high levels of resistance to MTX and to ARA-C as determined by a clonogenic assay. Using enzymatic assays, we observed a coordinate increase in resistance to MTX and DHFR enzyme activity following an ARA-C selection. In addition, MTX selection produced an increase in CD enzyme activity and ARA-C resistance. Murine hematopoietic cells transduced with the bicistronic vector also showed drug resistance to both MTX and ARAC. Interestingly, the double-gene construct conferred an equivalent level of drug resistance compared with single-gene vectors bearing only CD or DHFR genes in the hematopoietic cells. These results demonstrate the potential of the MFG-DHFR-IRES/CD vector to confer drug resistance to both MTX and ARA-C and may have future application in chemoprotection of normal hematopoietic cells in patients with cancer.