gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Boron and Nitrogen co-doped Reduced Graphene Oxide for the Protection of Electromagnetic Radiation in Ku-Band (2015)

The electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding of reduced graphene oxide (MRG), B-doped MRG (B-MRG), N-doped MRG (N-MRG), and B-N co-doped MRG (B-N-MRG) have been studied in the Ku-band frequency range (12.8-18 GHz). We have developed a green, fast, and cost-effective microwave assisted route for synthesis of doped MRG. B-N-MRG shows high electrical conductivity in comparison to MRG, B-MRG and N-MRG, which results better electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding ability. The co-doping of B and N significantly enhances the electrical conductivity of MRG from 21.4 to 124.4 Sm(-1) because N introduces electrons and B provides holes in the system and may form a nanojunction inside the material. Their temperature-dependent electrical conductivity follows 2D-variable range hopping (2D-VRH) and Efros-Shklovskii-VRH (ES-VRH) conduction model in a low temperature range (T<50 K). The spatial configuration of MRG after doping of B and N enhances the space charge polarization, natural resonance, dielectric polarization, and trapping of EM waves by internal reflection leading to a high EMI shielding of -42 dB (∼99.99% attenuation) compared to undoped MRG (-28 dB) at a critical thickness of 1.2 mm. Results suggest that the B-N-MRG has great potential as a candidate for a new type of EMI shielding material useful in aircraft, defense industries, communication systems, and stealth technology.
Research program on fractured petroleum reservoirs. Final report, January 1, 1996--December 31, 1996 (1997)

Multiphase flow in fractured porous media is a complex problem. While the study of single phase flow in a fractured or a layered medium can be pursued by some kind of averaging process, there is no meaning to averaging two-phase flow when capillarity is an active force. For a two-layer system comprised of high and low permeable layers, the performance of gas-oil gravity can be less efficient than the homogeneous low permeable medium. On the other hand, heterogeneity may enhance water imbibition due to capillarity. Due to the above and various other complexities, current tools for predicting the performance of fractured hydrocarbon reservoirs are not reliable. Based on the research work carried out at the Reservoir Engineering Research Institute, and some other Institutions, a good deal of progress has been made in recent years. But still we are a long way from good predictive reservoir models. In this final report, we summarize some of our achievements in the understanding of multiphase flow in fractured media. Since some of the features of two-phase flow in fractured and layered many are similar due to the capillary forces, the work includes progress in both types of media. There are some basic issues of flow in both fractured and unfractured media that are currently unresolved. These issues include: (1) new phase formation such as the formation of liquid phase in gas condensate reservoirs, and gas phase formation in solution gas drive process and (2) composition variation due to thermal convection and diffusion processes. In the following, a brief summary of our findings in the last three years during the course of the project is presented.
SOS and UVM Pathways Have Lesion-Specific Additive and Competing Effects on Mutation Fixation at Replication-Blocking DNA Lesions (1999)

Escherichia coli cells have multiple mutagenic pathways that are induced in response to environmental and physiological stimuli. Unlike the well-investigated classical SOS response, little is known about newly recognized pathways such as the UVM (UV modulation of mutagenesis) response. In this study, we compared the contributions of the SOS and UVM pathways on mutation fixation at two representative noninstructive DNA lesions: 3,N4-ethenocytosine (epsilonC) and abasic (AP) sites. Because both SOS and UVM responses are induced by DNA damage, and defined UVM-defective E. coli strains are not yet available, we first constructed strains in which expression of the SOS mutagenesis proteins UmuD' and UmuC (and also RecA in some cases) is uncoupled from DNA damage by being placed under the control of a heterologous lac-derived promoter. M13 single-stranded viral DNA bearing site-specific lesions was transfected into cells induced for the SOS or UVM pathway. Survival effects were determined from transfection efficiency, and mutation fixation at the lesion was analyzed by a quantitative multiplex sequence analysis procedure. Our results suggest that induction of the SOS pathway can independently elevate mutagenesis at both lesions, whereas the UVM pathway significantly elevates mutagenesis at epsilonC in an SOS-independent fashion and at AP sites in an SOS-dependent fashion. Although mutagenesis at epsilonC appears to be elevated by the induction of either the SOS or the UVM pathway, the mutational specificity profiles for epsilonC under SOS and UVM pathways are distinct. Interestingly, when both pathways are active, the UVM effect appears to predominate over the SOS effect on mutagenesis at epsilonC, but the total mutation frequency is significantly increased over that observed when each pathway is individually induced. These observations suggest that the UVM response affects mutagenesis not only at class 2 noninstructive lesions (epsilonC) but also at classical SOS-dependent (class 1) lesions such as AP sites. Our results add new layers of complexity to inducible mutagenic phenomena: DNA damage activates multiple pathways that have lesion-specific additive as well as suppressive effects on mutation fixation, and some of these pathways are not directly regulated by the SOS genetic network.
Production of unmarked mutations in mycobacteria using site-specific recombination (2003)

Gene disruption experiments play an important role in the functional characterization of genes in mycobacteria and rely mostly on the use of one or two antibiotic resistance markers. We have developed a system for mycobacteria which features both the advantages of the use of antibiotic resistance markers for gene disruption experiments and the ability to efficiently rescue the marker leaving an unmarked mutation on the chromosome. This new genetic tool relies on the transposon gammadelta site-specific recombination system. A res-OmegaKm-res cassette was used to generate an insertional mutation by allelic exchange both in Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium bovis BCG. Upon expression in the mutated strains of tnpR, the transposon gammadelta resolvase gene, res-OmegaKm-res, was excised efficiently leaving behind a single res sequence at the mutated locus. A plasmid was engineered allowing expression of tnpR from an easily curable mycobacterial vector. This system will be useful for simple construction of unmarked mutations or repeated use of the same antibiotic marker to generate multiple mutants.
Experimental and Numerical Investigations of the Base Wake on an SUV (2013)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;With the increase in fuel prices and the increasingly strict environmental legislations regarding CO₂ emissions, reduction of the total energy consumption of our society becomes more important. Passenger vehicles are partly responsible for this consumption due to their strong presence in the daily life of most people. Therefore reducing the impact of cars on the environment can assist in decreasing the overall energy consumption. Even though several fields have an impact on a passenger car's performance, this paper will focus on the aerodynamic part and more specifically, the wake behind a vehicle.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;By definition a car is a bluff body on which the air resistance is for the most part driven by pressure drag. This is caused by the wake these bodies create. Therefore analyzing the wake characteristics behind a vehicle is crucial if one would like to reduce drag. With the recent upgrade of wind tunnels with a moving belt system, the opportunity has emerged to investigate the flow field in the wake behind vehicles, matching closer the real on-road driving conditions.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This study investigates experimentally and numerically the wake behind a passenger car of an SUV type. Three configurations with a significant change in C&lt;sub&gt;D&lt;/sub&gt; have been chosen for the analysis. Their wake shape together with their respective closure points have been analyzed using three planes, namely one x-plane, one y-plane and one z-plane.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Results have shown that the numerical simulations correlate well with the experiments in wake shape and wake behavior. However in the chosen configurations they underestimate the wake length. A distinct interference of the traversing unit presence can be noted in the experimental results.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Fine-mapping identifies two additional breast cancer susceptibility loci at 9q31.2 (2015)

We recently identified a novel susceptibility variant, rs865686, for estrogen-receptor positive breast cancer at 9q31.2. Here, we report a fine-mapping analysis of the 9q31.2 susceptibility locus using 43 160 cases and 42 600 controls of European ancestry ascertained from 52 studies and a further 5795 cases and 6624 controls of Asian ancestry from nine studies. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs676256 was most strongly associated with risk in Europeans (odds ratios [OR] = 0.90 [0.88-0.92]; P-value = 1.58 × 10(-25)). This SNP is one of a cluster of highly correlated variants, including rs865686, that spans ∼14.5 kb. We identified two additional independent association signals demarcated by SNPs rs10816625 (OR = 1.12 [1.08-1.17]; P-value = 7.89 × 10(-09)) and rs13294895 (OR = 1.09 [1.06-1.12]; P-value = 2.97 × 10(-11)). SNP rs10816625, but not rs13294895, was also associated with risk of breast cancer in Asian individuals (OR = 1.12 [1.06-1.18]; P-value = 2.77 × 10(-05)). Functional genomic annotation using data derived from breast cancer cell-line models indicates that these SNPs localise to putative enhancer elements that bind known drivers of hormone-dependent breast cancer, including ER-α, FOXA1 and GATA-3. In vitro analyses indicate that rs10816625 and rs13294895 have allele-specific effects on enhancer activity and suggest chromatin interactions with the KLF4 gene locus. These results demonstrate the power of dense genotyping in large studies to identify independent susceptibility variants. Analysis of associations using subjects with different ancestry, combined with bioinformatic and genomic characterisation, can provide strong evidence for the likely causative alleles and their functional basis.
On Localizing Schizophrenic Neuropathology (1997)

Many brain regions and circuits have been implicated in the neuropathology of schizophrenia. Drs. Bogerts and Jones have reviewed the evidence that links the disorder to temporal limbic structures and to frontal-thalamic circuits, respectively. Each article is an important update on what we know about the relevance of these brain regions to schizophrenia. In addition, each article, in summarizing the accumulation of relevant research data, is a testament to the likelihood that these structures play a role in the disease. In light of their compelling arguments, this commentary emphasizes incompleteness in the data and inconsistencies in published findings. The principal weaknesses of the temporal limbic findings are that most have been reported in chronically ill patients and that the only qualitative finding of cytoarchitectural disorganization has not been replicated convincingly. Problems of replication also compromise the interpretation of neuropathological findings in prefrontal cortex and thalamus. Despite the loose ends, I agree with the conclusions of Drs. Bogerts and Jones that brain circuits involving thalamus, prefrontal, and temporolimbic cortices are involved in the basic biology of schizophrenia.
Importance of vial shape and type on the reproducibility of size exclusion chromatography measurement of monoclonal antibodies B Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences (2016)

The goal of this work is to understand the phenomenon behind the poor injection repeatability often observed with protein biopharmaceuticals. All the measurements were carried out in size exclusion chromatography (SEC) mode, using fifteen commercially available therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). First of all, we proved that the variation of peak areas between consecutive injections was much more critical with highly concentrated mAb samples (up to 80mg/mL), while the SEC measurements of commercial mAbs having concentrations below 5mg/mL were reliable. Second, we emphasized that the shapes, volumes and materials of the sample vial insert also contribute to the change of peak areas observed during consecutive injections. In this study, six different insert models were studied and the most critical were the ones possessing the narrowest conical shape at the bottom. Furthermore, the homogenization of samples (with pipette mixing rather than vortex) prior to analysis was of great interest and allows a significant improvement in injection repeatability. Finally, because the on-wall (on-insert) adsorption of mAbs reaches its equilibrium in around 50min, it is advised to add a specified residence time prior to injection to achieve repeatable injection.
Otopathology in Osteogenesis Imperfecta (2012)

Hearing loss in OI may be the result of clinical or cochlear otosclerosis. Fracture or atrophy of the ossicles may also be present in OI. A third unidentified mechanism of hearing loss may lead to cochlear degeneration. The described findings of otosclerotic lesions have implications for the observed heterogeneity of hearing loss patterns and for the surgical management of hearing loss in OI.
Primary care management of Long-Term opioid therapy (2022)

The United States underwent massive expansion in opioid prescribing from 1990-2010, followed by opioid stewardship initiatives and reduced prescribing. Opioids are no longer considered first-line therapy for most chronic pain conditions and clinicians should first seek alternatives in most circumstances. Patients who have been treated with opioids long-term should be managed differently, sometimes even continued on opioids due to physiologic changes wrought by long-term opioid therapy and documented risks of discontinuation. When providing long-term opioid therapy, clinicians should document opioid stewardship measures, including assessments, consents, medication reconciliation, and offering naloxone, along with the rationale to continue opioid therapy. Clinicians should screen regularly for opioid use disorder and arrange for or directly provide treatment. In particular, buprenorphine can be highly useful for co-morbid pain and opioid use disorder. Addressing other substance use disorders, as well as preventive health related to substance use, should be a priority in patients with opioid use disorder. Patient-centered practices, such as shared decision-making and attending to related facets of a patient's life that influence health outcomes, should be implemented at all points of care.Key messagesAlthough opioids are no longer considered first-line therapy for most chronic pain, management of patients already taking long-term opioid therapy must be individualised.Documentation of opioid stewardship measures can help to organise opioid prescribing and protect clinicians from regulatory scrutiny.Management of resultant opioid use disorder should include provision of medications, most often buprenorphine, and several additional screening and preventive measures.
EpiContactTrace: an R-package for contact tracing during livestock disease outbreaks and for risk-based surveillance (2014)

We believe this tool can help in disease control since it rapidly can structure essential contact information from large datasets. The reproducible reports make this tool robust and independent of manual compilation of data. The open source makes it accessible and easily adaptable for different needs.
Virtual Network Performance Evaluation for Future Internet Architectures (2012)

Internet Service Providers resist innovating in the network core, fearing that deploying a new protocol or service compromises the network operation and their profit, as a consequence. Therefore, a new Internet model, called Future Internet, which enables core innovation, must accommodate new protocols and services with the current scenario, isolating each protocol stack from others. Vir- tualization is the key technique that provides concurrent protocol stack capability to the Future Internet elements. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of three widespread virtualization tools, Xen, VMware, and OpenVZ, considering their use for router virtualization. We conduct experiments with benchmarking tools to measure the overhead intro- duced by virtualization in terms of memory, processor, network, and disk performance of virtual routers running on commodity hardware. We also evaluate the effects of the increasing number of virtual machines on Xen network virtualization mechanism. Our results show that Xen best fits virtual router requirements. Moreover, Xen fairly shares the network access among virtual routers, but needs further en- hancement when multiple virtual machines simultaneously forward traffic.
Lattice QCD Equation of State at Finite Chemical Potential from an Alternative Expansion Scheme (2021)

In this Letter, we introduce a novel scheme for extrapolating the equation of state of QCD to finite chemical potential that features considerably improved convergence properties and allows us to extend its reach to unprecedentedly high baryonic chemical potentials. We present continuum extrapolated lattice results for the new expansion coefficients and show the thermodynamic observables up to μ_{B}/T≤3.5. This novel expansion does not suffer from the shortcomings that characterize the traditional Taylor expansion method, such as difficulties inherent in performing such an expansion with a limited number of coefficients and the poor signal-to-noise ratio that affects Taylor coefficients determined from lattice calculations.
5G trial system coverage evaluation utilizing multi-point transmission in 15 GHz frequency band (2017)

The downlink coverage of a 5G trial system operating within the 15 GHz frequency band is evaluated in this paper with the help of drive test measurements. Key 5G features, such as beamforming, beam tracking and multi-point transmission have been utilized during the measurements. The results indicate that multi-point transmission provides a clear improvement to the downlink coverage. Received signal strength is improved due to the macro diversity offered by the utilization of multiple transmission points. Furthermore, distributed MIMO, i.e. the possibility for the user equipment (UE) to simultaneously receive independent data streams from multiple transmission points, results in large improvements in the average rank values. This is the case in particular for the locations in between the transmission points, where the UE has sufficiently good links towards the serving nodes. Finally, as a result of both the improved signal strength and higher rank values, the average downlink throughput is improved by 33–46% (whole area) or 39–42% (busy square). All in all, the trial system is able to maintain a very high downlink throughput, varying from 4 to 13 Gbps, towards a UE moving within the busy square, which demonstrates the benefit of seamless mobility between the different beams and transmission points.
ChemInform Abstract: Main Group Organo‐Metallics in Synthesis (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Approaches for in vitro culture of granulosa cells and ovarian follicles (2022)

Abstract The in vitro culture of ovarian follicles or cumulus-oocyte complexes (COC) is used to study the factors that regulate follicular development and may have potential use in artificial reproductive technology (ART). Before ovulation, the follicle is formed by oocyte and cell populations known as granulosa cells (GCs). These cells build the internal and external mass of the follicular wall. Oocyte growth and proliferation of the surrounding cells depend on the gap junctions between the oocyte and the GCs. Maintenance of the optimal in vitro culture system allowing for preservation of follicle architecture and granulosa-oocyte interaction may be critical for success in vitro maturation of follicles. Recently many studies have focused on a culture of GCs, which have important functions related to steroidogenesis. Granulosa cells maintained in in vitro conditions exhibit stem cell properties making it important to consider in vitro culture (IVC) methods of the GC population.
Optimization for RGB-D SLAM Based on Plane Geometrical Constraint (2019)

We present an indoor RGB-D SLAM optimization algorithm capable of reducing poses drift based on plane geometrical constraints and reconstructing plane structural model incrementally. Our approach extracts planes from keyframes in backend, merges over-segmented planes, establishes observation constraints between keyframes and global landmark planes, and optimizes poses of keyframes and global landmark planes in a general framework for graph optimization (g2o). Moreover, in order to prevent structural constraints between global landmark planes from being destroyed in optimization process, plane angle structural constraints between global landmark planes observed by the same keyframe are added into optimization graph. We test our optimization algorithm on standard RGB-D benchmarks containing rich plane features, demonstrating that our approach can reduce poses drift and the reconstructed plane structural model covers the most part of planar regions of environment. Furthermore, the application feasibility of augmented reality (AR) is tested using reconstructed plane structural model, demonstrating that plane structural model reconstructed by our approach is suitable for AR application.
Importin-β and CRM1 control a RANBP2 spatiotemporal switch essential for mitotic kinetochore function (2017)

Protein conjugation with small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) is a post-translational modification that modulates protein interactions and localisation. RANBP2 is a large nucleoporin endowed with SUMO E3 ligase and SUMO-stabilising activity, and is implicated in some cancer types. RANBP2 is part of a larger complex, consisting of SUMO-modified RANGAP1, the GTP-hydrolysis activating factor for the GTPase RAN. During mitosis, the RANBP2-SUMO-RANGAP1 complex localises to the mitotic spindle and to kinetochores after microtubule attachment. Here, we address the mechanisms that regulate this localisation and how they affect kinetochore functions. Using proximity ligation assays, we find that nuclear transport receptors importin-β and CRM1 play essential roles in localising the RANBP2-SUMO-RANGAP1 complex away from, or at kinetochores, respectively. Using newly generated inducible cell lines, we show that overexpression of nuclear transport receptors affects the timing of RANBP2 localisation in opposite ways. Concomitantly, kinetochore functions are also affected, including the accumulation of SUMO-conjugated topoisomerase-IIα and stability of kinetochore fibres. These results delineate a novel mechanism through which nuclear transport receptors govern the functional state of kinetochores by regulating the timely deposition of RANBP2.