gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stable Dispersions of Highly Anisotropic Nanoparticles Formed by Cocrystallization of Enantiomeric Diblock Copolymers (2007)

Stable dispersions of anisotropic particles with nanometer dimensions can be prepared in a selective solvent through cocrystallization (stereocomplexation) between two enantiomeric poly(lactide) block copolymers: poly(l-lactide)−poly(ε-caprolactone) and poly(d-lactide)−poly(ε-caprolactone). In the conditions of the experiment, no unspecific aggregation of the homochiral polylactide blocks occurs. The only driving force for self-assembly is between PLLA and PDLA. The good colloidal stability of the dispersion makes it possible to study the evolution of the particle shape and dimensions with time. The formation of these highly anisotropic particles was studied by a combination of techniques (infrared spectroscopy, light scattering, small angle neutron scattering, and atomic force microscopy).
Optimization for queries with holistic functions (2001)

The early grouping technique is a method for optimizing aggregate queries. It provides more opportunities for the query optimizers to find optimal plans because all possible placements of the GROUP-BY operators in the query trees are considered during the optimization process. However, to employ this technique, the aggregate function in the query must be distributive. Using this property, the evaluation of the GROUP-BY operator can be started without all the relations being joined (i.e. without the entire input being constructed). For queries with non-distributive (or holistic) aggregate functions, the evaluation of the GROUP-BY operators has to wait until the entire input is formed, since these aggregate functions cannot be decomposed into sub-aggregate functions and their computations depend on the entire set of the input. As a result, to evaluate queries with non-distributive aggregate functions, all the relations must be joined before the GROUP-BY operator can be evaluated. Although the decomposition of the holistic aggregate functions is not obvious, we compute auxiliary information (the count) on the subsets of the input data, which is later used by the consolidating function as an aid to compute the original holistic aggregate functions. Since the computation of the count [using the function COUNT ()] is distributive, this auxiliary information can be computed before all the relations are joined. By extending the ability of the early grouping technique to handle aggregate queries with holistic aggregate functions, we provide the optimizers with more opportunities to find optimal plans.
An Experimental Study Of The Performance Of An Optical Tomography System (1990)

An optical tomography system, combining multi-directional holographic interferometry and computed tomography, can be a powerful tool for the study of transparent media. With such a system, one can measure the three-dimensional distribution of index of refraction in a transparent medium at an instant in time. In many situations, the index of refraction can be uniquely related to other variables of interest, for example temperature or species concentration in a gas flow. This paper reports on the development of an optical tomography system for laboratory measurements, with emphasis on the accuracy attainable with such a system. The holograph is of the diffuse-illumination type, and provides a full 90 degree angle of view of the object. Data is extracted from holograms of transparent fluids using a high-resolution CCD video camera. The digitized images are treated semi-automatically to extract fringe number versus position information. This fringe number data is then treated by a computed tomography program to reconstruct the index of refraction distribution in the fluid under study. The CT program used is an iterative technique based on Gerchberg&apos;s spectral extrapolation algorithm. The purpose of this study was to measure experimentally the accuracy of such an optical tomography system. The temperature distribution in an asymmetric convective hot air flow was measured using the optical tomography system. An array of ten fast-response thermocouples was read simultaneously with the exposure of the hologram. The thermocouple readings for several configurations are compared to the reconstructed temperatures from the optical measurement.
Development and experimental verification of innovative corrosion protection epoxy coatings for steel (2023)

Purpose This study aims to report the development and experimental evaluation of three innovative corrosion-resistant modified epoxy coatings, namely, nanocomposite/toughened, self-healing and hybrid epoxy coatings, for application on steel substrates. Design/methodology/approach The corrosion resistance of these coatings was evaluated in a highly corrosive environment of salt fog spray for 2,500 h of exposure. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements in sustained exposure to NaCl in a saturated Ca(OH)2 solution, rust creepage measurements at the location of scribe formed in the coatings and adhesion strength test were used to assess the performance of the innovative coatings. Commercially available marine-grade protective epoxy coatings were used as the reference coatings. Findings The test results showed that the modified epoxy coatings exhibited excellent corrosion resistance when exposed to an aggressive environment for extended periods. The EIS measurements, rust creepage measurements, pull-off strength and visual appearance of the aged modified–epoxy–coated specimens confirmed the enhanced corrosion resistance of the modified epoxy coatings. Originality/value Among the three types of modified coatings, the hybrid epoxy coating stands out to be the best performer.
ChemInform Abstract: Theoretical Studies of Substituent Effects on the Additions of Amines to Carbonyl Compounds: A Relation Among Energetics, Structures, and Isotope Effects. (1986)

Abstract Addition reactions of amines NH 3 , MeNHz, and NHF; to Carbonyl compounds HCHO, MeCHO, and FCFO were investigated by ab initio M0 methods with 3‐2lG and 6‐3 lG basis sets.
Wavelength-dispersive x-ray microanalysis as a novel method for studying magnesium doping in gallium nitride epitaxial films (2006)

Magnesium doping is critically important in GaN device technology, since it provides the only viable method of producing layers with p-type conductivity. Electron probe microanalysis with wavelength dispersive x-ray spectrometry (WDX-EPMA) was used to measure magnesium atom concentrations in doped GaN films grown by metal organic vapour phase epitaxy (MOVPE). Our study compared the behaviour of a widely used magnesium source in MOVPE, bis(cyclopentadienyl) magnesium, when vaporized as a solid and as a proprietary two-phase source, Solution Cp2Mg™. The WDX-EPMA technique was capable of measuring [Mg] values in GaN layers at practically useful concentrations of 1019 cm−3 upwards. Excellent agreement in [Mg] values was obtained between [Mg] values measured by WDX-EPMA and the more widely used technique of secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). A set of 12 GaN:Mg samples was studied by WDX-EPMA to investigate the dependence of [Mg] on the flow rate of the magnesium source into the MOVPE reactor, with other conditions held constant, including a growth set-point temperature of 1130 °C. These measurements suggested a solid solubility limit at ~1020 cm−3, consistent with previous studies. Up to a value of about half the saturation limit, [Mg] values were proportional to the magnesium source flow, and indicated magnesium atom incorporation from the gas phase with ~11% of the efficiency of gallium atoms. No systematic differences were seen between the behaviour of solid magnesocene and Solution Cp2Mg™. A more limited study of the temperature dependence of magnesium incorporation showed a reduction in incorporation of ~40% as the growth temperature was reduced from 1130 to 1090 °C, consistent with kinetic control. Selected GaN:Mg samples were studied by Hall measurements and high-resolution x-ray diffraction. This work showed no systematic structural degradation of GaN:Mg close to the magnesium solubility limit. Our most conductive sample had a hole concentration of 4.4 × 1017 cm−3, consistent with the expected generation of acceptors from only a small fraction of the magnesium atoms. We also discuss the relative capabilities of SIMS and WDX-EPMA in the context of analysing GaN:Mg samples. SIMS offers superior depth profiling capability and detection limits, whilst WDX-EPMA offers superior spatial resolution, non-destructive analysis, plus simultaneous imaging and cathodoluminescence spectroscopy.
Dynamic contrast optical coherence tomography: quantitative measurement of microvascular transit-time distributions in vivo(Conference Presentation) (2016)

Transit time is a fundamental microcirculatory parameter that is critical in determining oxygen delivery from capillaries to surrounding tissue. Recently, it was demonstrated theoretically that capillary transit-time heterogeneity potentially leads to non-uniform oxygen extraction in micro-domains. However, in spite of its importance, capillary transit-time distribution has been challenging to quantify comprehensively and efficiently at the microscopic level. Here, we introduce a method, called Dynamic Contrast Optical Coherence Tomography (DyC-OCT), based on dynamic cross-sectional OCT imaging of the kinetics of an intravascular tracer during its passage through the field-of-view. DyC-OCT is used to quantitatively measure the transit-time distribution in microvascular networks in cross-section at the single-capillary level. Transit-time metrics are derived from analysis of the temporal characteristics of the dynamic scattering signal, related to tracer concentration, using indicator-dilution theory. Since DyC-OCT does not require calibration of the optical focus, quantitative accuracy is achieved even deep in highly scattering brain tissue where the focal spot degrades. After direct validation of DyC-OCT against the dilution curves measured using a fluorescent plasma label in the surface pial vessels of a mouse brain, imaged through a thinned-skull, glass coverslip-reinforced cranial window, the laminar transit-time distribution was investigated in microvasculature across the entire depth of the mouse somatosensory cortex. Laminar trends were identified, with the earliest transit times in the middle cortical layers, and the lowest heterogeneity in cortical layer 4. The new DyC-OCT technique affords a novel perspective of microvascular networks, with the unique capability of performing simultaneous measurements of transit-time distributions across cortical laminae.
EVALUATION OF SELF-BORING PRESSUREMETER TESTS IN BOSTON BLUE CLAY (1980)

The research performed self-boring pressuremeter tests (SBPT) at tow sites in a deep marine clay deposit of moderate sensitivity (Boston Blue clay) having a decreasing over consolidation ratio with depth. The program involved 2 tests with the French PAFSOR and 14 tests with the English CAMKOMETER devices. The initial pressure recorded after self-boring was generally much less than the in situ total horizontal stress, perhaps mainly due to improper installation techniques. However, the Marsland--Randolph graphical interation method yielded quite reasonable estimates of total horizontal stress, especially in the upper stiff clay, and this technique should be further evaluated via SBPT programs in other clay deposits. Values of undrained shear strength obtained from elastic-plastic and various derived methods of analysis were very sensitive to the input data, often showed considerable scatter and generally exceeded the in situ undrained shear strength appropriate for bearing capacity and stability analyses. In particular, derived peak strengths in the deep soft clay were too high by a factor of two or more. However, most of the tests did give reasonable estimates of undrained shear modulus. (FHWA)
Frequency-selective control of ferromagnetic resonance linewidth in magnetic multilayers (2012)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation S. Schäfer, N. Pachauri, C. K. A. Mewes, T. Mewes, C. Kaiser, Q. Leng, M. Pakala; Frequency-selective control of ferromagnetic resonance linewidth in magnetic multilayers. Appl. Phys. Lett. 16 January 2012; 100 (3): 032402. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3678025 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioApplied Physics Letters Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Diagnostic Performance of On-Site Coronary CT Angiography–derived Fractional Flow Reserve Based on Patient-specific Lumped Parameter Models (2019)

Diagnostic performance of on-site CT FFR was superior to stenosis evaluation at coronary CT angiography for identification of functionally significant coronary artery stenosis in patients suspected of having or known to have coronary artery disease.© RSNA, 2019See also commentary by Schoepf et al.
Sphingolipid metabolism: roles in signal transduction and disruption by fumonisins. (2001)

Sphingolipids have important roles in membrane and lipoprotein structure and in cell regulation as second messengers for growth factors, differentiation factors, cytokines, and a growing list of agonists. Bioactive sphingolipids are formed both by the turnover of complex sphingolipids and as intermediates of sphingolipid biosynthesis. Usually, the amounts are highly regulated; however, by inhibiting ceramide synthase, fumonisins block the biosynthesis of complex sphingolipids and cause sphinganine (and sometimes sphingosine) to accumulate. Where the mechanism has been studied most thoroughly, the accumulation of sphingoid bases is a primary cause of the toxicity of fumonisin B (FB). Nonetheless, the full effects of fumonisins probably involve many biochemical events. The elevations in sphingoid bases also affect the amounts of other lipids, including the 1-phosphates and N-acetyl derivatives of sphinganine. Furthermore, the aminopentol backbone of FB1 (AP1) is both an inhibitor and a substrate for ceramide synthase, and the resultant N-palmitoyl-AP1 (PAP1) is an even more potent inhibitor of ceramide synthase (presumably as a product analog). PAP1 is 10 times more toxic than FB1 or AP1 for HT-29 cells in culture, and hence may play a role in the toxicity of nixtamalized fumonisins. All these processes--the effects of fumonisins on sphingolipid metabolism, the pathways altered by perturbation of sphingolipid metabolism, and the complex cellular behaviors regulated by sphingolipids--must be borne in mind when evaluating the pathologic effects of fumonisins.
Human Cytomegalovirus Inhibits the PARsylation Activity of Tankyrase—A Potential Strategy for Suppression of the Wnt Pathway (2015)

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) was reported to downregulate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Induction of Axin1, the negative regulator of the Wnt pathway, has been reported as an important mechanism for inhibition of β-catenin. Since Tankyrase (TNKS) negatively regulates Axin1, we investigated the effect of HCMV on TNKS expression and poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARsylation) activity, during virus replication. Starting at 24 h post infection, HCMV stabilized the expression of TNKS and reduced its PARsylation activity, resulting in accumulation of Axin1 and reduction in its PARsylation as well. General PARsylation was not changed in HCMV-infected cells, suggesting specific inhibition of TNKS PARsylation. Similarly, treatment with XAV939, a chemical inhibitor of TNKS’ activity, resulted in the accumulation of TNKS in both non-infected and HCMV-infected cell lines. Reduction of TNKS activity or knockdown of TNKS was beneficial for HCMV, evidenced by its improved growth in fibroblasts. Our results suggest that HCMV modulates the activity of TNKS to induce Axin1, resulting in inhibition of the β-catenin pathway. Since HCMV replication is facilitated by TNKS knockdown or inhibition of its activity, TNKS may serve as an important virus target for control of a variety of cellular processes.
ANALYSIS OF C<sub>3</sub>A HYDRATION IN CONSIDERATION OF FORMATION OF AMORPHOUS COMPOUNDS (2012)

C3A-Gypsum系において、XRD・リートベルト解析および27Al MAS-NMR測定により水和解析を行った。その結果、非晶質量はAFtが消失するまでほぼ一定量で推移し、AFtの消失と同時に急激に増加することが示された。XRDより得られた結果から非晶質物質の組成を決定した。また、NMRスペクトルをAlの化学シフト値で分離することで、非晶質物質中の鉱物量を算出した。その結果、非晶質物質中にアルミナゲルが存在する可能性が示唆された。材齢初期における非晶質物質は硫酸イオンを含むC-A-Hであることが示唆された。材齢後期では、AFt様のゲル状水和物からAFm様のゲル状水和物を経てAFmを生成する可能性が示唆された。
Formation of ring-opened syndiotactic and atactic polynorbornenes using metathesis catalysts; evidence for retention and loss of configuration of the intermediate metallocarbene (1979)

All-cis ring-opened polymer made from (+)-exo-5-methylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene (1) has a totally syndiotactic ring sequence whereas 11/89 cis/trans polymer is essentially atactic and 74/26 cis/trans polymer has mainly syndiotactic cis junctions and isotactic trans junctions; these results give information concerning the configurations of the propagating metallocarbenes in different catalyst systems.
Extensive Screening of Solvent‐Linked Porous Polymers through Friedel–Crafts Reaction for Gas Adsorption (2021)

Carbon Capture In article number 2100064 by Cafer T. Yavuz and co-workers, alkyl-chlorinated solvents and aromatic monomers form highly porous network polymers through Friedel–Crafts’ alkylation in the presence of AlCl3. By screening 18 aromatic monomers with dichloromethane, chloroform, and 1,2-dichloromethane, 29 new structures are demonstrated. The method is easily scalable and yields stable C–C-bonded frameworks. Highly porous structures show exceptional adsorption performance for CO2, H2, and CH4 gases.
Ischemia‐induced ribosomal protein S3 expressional changes and the neuroprotective effect against experimental cerebral ischemic damage (2008)

Some ribosomal proteins are important regulators of development and DNA repair. However, few studies have been conducted on ribosomal protein S3 (rpS3) in the ischemic hippocampus. In the present study, we investigated ischemia-induced changes in rpS3 immunoreactivity, rpS3 mRNA, and protein levels in the hippocampal CA1 region of Mongolian gerbil after 5 min of transient forebrain ischemia. RpS3 immunoreactivity and its protein level were found to be significantly elevated at 6 hr after ischemia/reperfusion and then continuously decreased with time. RT-PCR analysis also showed that rpS3 mRNA levels were significantly elevated in CA1 at 6 hr after transient ischemia. In addition, during the course of this study, we developed a delivery vector (Pep-1) and its rpS3 fusion protein (Pep-1-rpS3) to elucidate the role of rpS3 in ischemia-induced damage. Pep-1-rpS3 administration to ischemic animals significantly and dose dependently increased neuronal survival in the stratum pyramidale of CA1. Moreover, Pep-1-rpS3 treatment reduced terminal deoxynucleotidyl dUTP nick-end labeling-positive CA1 pyramidal cell numbers in the stratum pyramidale. To elucidate how Pep-1-rpS3 ameliorates ischemic damage, changes in 4-hydroxy-2-nonnenal (HNE; an indicator of lipid peroxidation) immunoreactivity and protein levels were investigated. HNE levels and immunoreactivities in Pep-1-rpS3-treated ischemic animals were lower than in corresponding Pep-1-treated ischemic animals. These results indicate that rpS3 has a neuroprotective effect in the brain exposed to ischemia.
Large‐Scale Nanophotonic Structures for Long‐Term Monitoring of Cell Proliferation (2018)

Abstract Innovative sensing materials have enabled the discovery of cell biology principles at the nanoscale. In order to evaluate cell behavior and responses, it is necessary to accurately monitor cell proliferation. However, it remains challenging to develop nanomaterials possessing pertinent properties for sensing, while ensuring long‐term cell survival and unaltered cellular responses. This work develops highly sensitive, large‐scale, and biocompatible nanoplasmonic biosensors for long‐term monitoring of cell proliferation, reported for the first time. The nanoplasmonic sensor consists of mushroom‐like structures, with stems of silicon dioxide and caps of gold covering a total surface area of 18.75 cm 2 . The localized surface plasmons on the nanomushroom caps are exploited to monitor proliferating fibroblast cells. Changes in nanoplasmonic resonances of the nanomushrooms are directly proportional to the number of cells that bind to them. Fibroblast proliferation is successfully monitored for 7 d, demonstrating remarkable biocompatibility of the nanomushroom substrates. These nanomushroom substrates preserve cell viability and serve as a label‐free platform for long‐term monitoring of cell proliferation. These results also open new opportunities in developing standard cell assays without chemical labels to detect cellular responses at the nanoscale.
A Silencer Element from the α-Globin Gene Inhibits Expression of β-Like Genes (1988)

We have studied the cis and trans interactions of the alpha- and beta-globin genes in a transient expression system. We found that the alpha-globin gene inhibited beta-globin expression in cis but not in trans. The silencer element responsible for this inhibition was localized to a 259-base-pair fragment at the 5' end of the alpha-globin gene.
On the radio capacity of tdma and cdma for broadband wireless packet communications (2003)

Studies of the capacity of cellular systems, stated in terms of the admissible number of remote users, have generally been limited to voice telephony. We address the problem of comparing the interference-limited performance of code-division multiple-access (CDMA) and time-division multiple-access (TDMA) systems in a packet-switched environment. The objective is to determine whether the capacity advantages claimed for circuit-switched CDMA still apply in a packet-switched environment, where the natural time diversity of bursty transmission may be a significant factor. Under a set of specific assumptions about the wireless environment (including path loss, shadow fading, multipath delay spread, cochannel interference, power control, and coding), we evaluate the number of users that can be admitted to the system while maintaining some desired quality-of-service (QoS) level. Four different classes of users with different characteristics and requirements are considered. The system capacity is found to depend significantly on the QoS objectives, which might be stated in terms of availability of some specified signal-to-interference level, packet-loss rate, or mean tolerable delay. The main finding is that strict requirements imposed on the radio access level tend to favor CDMA, whereas if some form of packet recovery is allowed at the higher layers (implying a relaxed set of requirements on the radio interface), then a somewhat higher capacity may be achieved by TDMA.
Characteristics of 1×2 Silicon Wavelength Selective Switch Using Arrayed - Waveguide Gratings with Fold-Back Waveguides (2019)

We report characteristics of 200 GHz-spaced 20-channel 1 × 2 wavelength selective switch using single arrayed-waveguide grating with fold-back waveguides. The average insertion loss is 29.6 dB and the average extinction ratio is 10.9 dB.