gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Remediation of wastewater using various nano-materials (2016)

In the present era of scarcity of water resources, effective treatment of wastewater is a major prerequisite for growing economy. It is critical to develop and implement advanced wastewater treatment technologies with high efficiency and low capital requirement. Among various treatments, recent advanced processes in nano-material sciences have been attracting the attention of scientists. However, limited collective knowledge is available in this context. The present manuscript reviews the potential developments in nanotechnology with respect to wastewater treatment. The article reviewed and discussed utilization of various classes of nano-materials for wastewater treatment processes. This includes four main classes; First, nano-adsorbents such as activated carbon, carbon nanotubes, grapheme, manganese oxide, zinc oxide, titanium oxide, magnesium oxide and ferric oxides that are usually applied for removal of heavy metals from the wastewater. Second, nano-catalysts such as photocatalyst, electrocatalyst, Fenton based catalyst, and chemical oxidant have been shown the potential for removing both organic and inorganic contaminants. Third, nano-membranes have been used for effective removal of dyes, heavy metals and foulants using carbon nanotube membranes, electrospun nanofibers and hybrid nano-membranes. Finally, the integration of nanotechnology with biological processes such as algal membrane bioreactor, anaerobic digestion and microbial fuel cell is discussed with respect to its potential for wastewater purification. Keywords: Nano-adsorbents, Nano-catalysts, Nano-membranes, Biomaterials, Wastewater, Treatment
Preparation of human serum albumin nanoparticles using a chemometric technique (2017)

Human serum albumin (HSA), a versatile protein carrier for drug delivery, is an ideal material to fabricate nanoparticles for drug delivery systems. These nanoparticles can accumulate in tumor interstitium due to the enhanced permeability and retention effect. The most important characteristics of HSA nanoparticles are particle size, shape, and zeta potential. A chemometric approach was applied for HSA nanoparticles’ size optimization in this study. The effects of three experimental parameters; pressure (P) or power, organic solvent volume (V), and time (T), were investigated under sonication and high-pressure homogenization, using multivariate analysis. The trials were performed based on the Box–Behnken experimental design. The criteria for the appraisal of the descriptive ability of a multinomial were R 2 = 0.819, standard error = 20.420, and F-ratio = 19.550. The method was optimized with respect to the nanoparticles’ size as a response. The Box–Behnken experimental design was applied to optimize and trial the robustness of the HSA nanoparticle preparation method.
Incentives conditioned on tenofovir levels to support PrEP adherence among young South African women: a randomized trial (2020)

Among South African AGYW initiating PrEP, drug levels indicated high PrEP adherence in almost half of women at Month 3, with a non-statistically significant higher proportion with high adherence among those in the incentive group. Over half persisted with the 12-month PrEP programme although high adherence declined after Month 3. Strategies to support PrEP adherence and persistence and longer-acting PrEP formulations are needed.
Direct Observation of Antifreeze Glycoprotein-Fraction 8 on Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interfaces Using Atomic Force Microscopy (2003)

The adsorption of antifreeze glycoprotein-fraction 8 (AFGP 8) was studied via a drop deposition method onto hydrophobic (HOPG) and hydrophilic (mica) surfaces. On HOPG, preferential adsorption occurred at the hydrophilic step edges with homogeneous nucleation on hydrophobic planes. Individual particle sizes are consistent with aggregates, and the uniform size of these particles suggests aggregation is a preadsorption event. The adsorption of AFGP 8 onto hydrophilic mica was also consistent with aggregates of individual molecules. Adsorption studies of other glycosylated and nonglycosylated proteins suggest that not only is the adsorption event onto different surfaces influenced by glycosylation but also secondary and tertiary protein structure may play a critical role.
A combined finite element-state space modeling environment for induction motors in the ABC frame of reference: the blocked-rotor and sinusoidally energized load conditions (1992)

The combined finite element-state space (CFE-SS) modeling environment was used to predict the performance of a 1.2 hp, three-phase case-study squirrel cage induction motor under blocked rotor and typical load operating conditions. The nature of this CFE-SS environment allows one to rigorously account for the impact of space harmonics generated by the magnetic circuit, winding, and cage geometric, as well as layout peculiarities and magnetic saturation, on the current and torque profiles, and ohmic losses in the stator armature and cage. This includes the ability to predict the profiles of connector and bar currents. The results of the CFE-SS simulations compare favorably with blocked rotor and load experimental test data. Potential capabilities of this CFE-SS modeling environment, and its use in impacting motor design decisions, are discussed in the light of reported findings.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Direct regulation of GnRH transcription by CRF-like peptides in an immortalized neuronal cell line (1998)

The existence of a CRF-dependent inhibition of GnRH transcription was investigated using a neuronal GnRH-expressing cell line (Gn11) stably transfected with mouse (-611 bp) or chicken (-3000 bp) GnRH promoter/luciferase reporter constructs. The presence of the CRF-R1 receptor was established using a specific CRF-R1 antiserum. After 7 h of incubation, urotensin-I and sauvagine increased the mouse GnRH-reporter bioluminescence by 1.3- and 1.2-fold, respectively, compared with control cells. Subsequently, CRF, urotensin-I and sauvagine decreased luciferase reporter activity to about 60% of the control values after 14 h. Similar trends occurred with the chicken GnRH promoter with UI increasing reporter gene activity 2.4-fold over the controls after 14 h incubation. These data provide additional evidence for the direct regulation of GnRH transcription by CRF-like peptides.
Plasticization of Pea Starch Films with Monosaccharides and Polyols (2006)

ABSTRACT: Monosaccharides have several hydroxyl groups and a compatible structure with starch polymers resulting in effective plasticization in starch films. Two groups of plasticizers (polyols and monosaccharides) were used to compare their plasticizing efficiency. Fructose, glucose, mannose, galactose, glycerol, sorbitol, ethylene glycol, and maltitol were selected at 13.031 mmol per 100 g of pea starch. Edible starch films were produced after heat gelatinization and dehydration of the 3% starch dispersion. The microstructure, attenuated total reflection foorier transform infrared (ATR‐FTIR) characteristics, thickness, moisture content, tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, elongation‐at‐break, water vapor permeability, and transparency of films were determined. Microstructure of the film solutions showed that some swollen starch granules and their remnants existed in the film. Compared to the FTIR spectra of pure starch films, the spectra of plasticized films showed that more hydrogens bound hydroxyl groups and more water molecules were attracted around starch polymer chains. Ethers were produced in glycerol‐plasticized films. Monosaccharide‐plasticized films were comparable to the polyol‐plasticized films in tensile test, but more resistant in moisture permeation than the polyol‐plasticized films. It was assumed that the structural compatibility of monosaccharides with starch might result in denser polymer‐plasticizer complex, smaller size of free volume, and less segmental motions of starch chains. In conclusion, monosaccharides were identified as effective plasticizers for starch film.
The Prediction of Protein-Protein Interacting Sites in Genome-Wide Protein Interaction Networks: The Test Case of the Human Cell Cycle (2010)

In this paper we aim at investigating possible correlations between the number of putative interaction patches of a given protein, as inferred by an algorithm that we have developed, and its degree (number of edges of the protein node in a protein interaction network). We focus on the human cell cycle that, as compared with other biological processes, comprises the largest number of proteins whose structure is known at atomic resolution both as monomers and as interacting complexes. For predicting interaction patches we specifically develop a HM-SVM based method reaching 71% overall accuracy with a correlation coefficient value equal to 0.43 on a non redundant set of protein complexes. To test the biological meaning of our predictions, we also explore whether interacting patches contain energetically important residues and/or disease related mutations and find that predicted patches are endowed with both features. Based on this, we propose that mapping the protein with all the predicted interaction patches bridges the molecule to the interactome at the cell level. To test our hypothesis we downloaded interaction data from interaction data bases and find that the number of predicted interaction patches significantly correlates (Pearson correlation value >0.3) with the number of the known interactions (edges) per protein in the human interactome, as contained in MINT and IntAct. We also show that the correlation increases (Pearson correlation value >0.5) when the subcellular co-localization and the co-expression levels of the interacting partners are taken into account.
Viral Metagenomics: Analysis of Begomoviruses by Illumina High-Throughput Sequencing (2014)

Traditional DNA sequencing methods are inefficient, lack the ability to discern the least abundant viral sequences, and ineffective for determining the extent of variability in viral populations. Here, populations of single-stranded DNA plant begomoviral genomes and their associated beta- and alpha-satellite molecules (virus-satellite complexes) (genus, Begomovirus; family, Geminiviridae) were enriched from total nucleic acids isolated from symptomatic, field-infected plants, using rolling circle amplification (RCA). Enriched virus-satellite complexes were subjected to Illumina-Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). CASAVA and SeqMan NGen programs were implemented, respectively, for quality control and for de novo and reference-guided contig assembly of viral-satellite sequences. The authenticity of the begomoviral sequences, and the reproducibility of the Illumina-NGS approach for begomoviral deep sequencing projects, were validated by comparing NGS results with those obtained using traditional molecular cloning and Sanger sequencing of viral components and satellite DNAs, also enriched by RCA or amplified by polymerase chain reaction. As the use of NGS approaches, together with advances in software development, make possible deep sequence coverage at a lower cost; the approach described herein will streamline the exploration of begomovirus diversity and population structure from naturally infected plants, irrespective of viral abundance. This is the first report of the implementation of Illumina-NGS to explore the diversity and identify begomoviral-satellite SNPs directly from plants naturally-infected with begomoviruses under field conditions.
Systematic wireless network coding (2009)

We present a systematic network coding strategy for cooperative communication, in which some nodes may replicate-and-forward packets in addition to sending random linear combinations of the packets. We argue that if this strategy is used only at certain nodes in the network, the throughput will not be reduced relative to random linear network coding. Furthermore, if packets can traverse the entire network in their systematic (uncoded) form, per-packet delay can be reduced, decoding complexity can be reduced, and the potential to recover packets from incomplete coded blocks will be improved. We describe this approach and provide an analysis of the packet loss rate for fixed-rate coding on a multihop path.
4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde Restricts the Intracellular Growth of Toxoplasma gondii by Inducing SIRT1-Mediated Autophagy in Macrophages (2020)

Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular protozoan parasite that infects approximately one third of the human popu- lation worldwide. Considering the toxicity and side effects of anti-toxoplasma medications, it is important to develop effec- tive drug alternatives with fewer and less severe off-target effects. In this study, we found that 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (4- HBA) induced autophagy and the expression of NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) in primary murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). Interestingly, treatment of BMDMs with 4-HBA significantly reduced the number of macrophages infected with T. gondii and the proliferation of T. gondii in infected cells. This effect was impaired by pretreating the macrophages with 3-methyladenine or wortmannin (selective autophagy inhibitors) or with sirtinol or EX527 (SIRT1 inhibitors). Moreover, we found that pharmacological inhibition of SIRT1 prevented 4-HBA-mediated expres- sion of LC3-phosphatidylethanolamine conjugate (LC3-II) and the colocalization of T. gondii parasitophorous vacuoles with autophagosomes in BMDMs. These data suggest that 4-HBA promotes antiparasitic host responses by activating SIRT1- mediated autophagy, and 4-HBA might be a promising therapeutic alternative for the treatment of toxoplasmosis.
Natural product syntheses based on asymmetric Diels-Alder reactions (1989)

Abstract
Development of diltiazem deacetylase and demethylase activities during ontogeny in rabbit (2001)

1. Diltiazem (DTZ) undergoes extensive metabolism in hepatic and extrahepatic tissues. Deacetyldiltiazem (M1) and N-desmethyldiltiazem (MA) are two of the main basic metabolites of DTZ that retain pharmacological activity. The development of DTZ deacetylase and demethylase activities through ontogeny has not been addressed. In order to address this issue, in vitro studies have been carried out using the blood and several tissues of rabbit as enzyme sources. In addition, in vivo studies using a pharmacokinetic approach were carried out to support the in vitro findings. 2. DTZ was incubated with homogenates of selected tissues and in whole blood and DTZ, and its metabolites were assayed by HPLC. In addition, a pharmacokinetic study after intraperitoneal administration of DTZ in the 1-, 8-, 16-, 30-day-old and adult rabbit were also carried out. 3. DTZ deactylase activity was detected whatever the age and tissue examined (including blood). Except in gut homogenates, this activity was shown to be higher at earlier postnatal ages. DTZ demethylase activity was only detected in the liver and gut homogenates and in whole blood. This activity increases from the 1- to 30-day-old rabbit (except for blood), after which it decreases slightly to reach the adult level. 4. In vivo experiments showed a close pharmacokinetic profile throughout ontogeny (except for the 30-day-old rabbit) after DTZ intraperitoneal administration. 5. Extrahepatic metabolism may play a more significant role in the overall metabolism and pharmacokinetics of DTZ at earlier stages of development. 6. Finally, in vivo studies Suggest that age does not seem to modify DTZ disposition and, for this reason, dosage may not have to be taken into account as a function of age.
Liposomal Dexamethasone Reduces A/H1N1 Influenza-Associated Morbidity in Mice (2022)

Re-emerging viral threats have continued to challenge the medical and public health systems. It has become clear that a significant number of severe viral infection cases are due to an overreaction of the immune system, which leads to hyperinflammation. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate the therapeutic efficacy of the dexamethasone nanomedicine in controlling the symptoms of influenza virus infection. We found that the A/Wisconsin/WSLH34939/2009 (H1N1) infection induced severe pneumonia in mice with a death rate of 80%, accompanied by significant epithelial cell damage, infiltration of immune cells, and accumulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the airway space. Moreover, the intranasal delivery of liposomal dexamethasone during disease progression reduced the death rate by 20%. It also significantly reduced the protein level of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and the C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CXCL2) as well as the number of infiltrated immune cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluids as compared to the control and free dexamethasone. The liposomal dexamethasone was mainly distributed into the monocyte/macrophages as a major cell population for inducing the cytokine storm in the lungs. Taken together, the intranasal delivery of liposomal dexamethasone may serve as a novel promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of influenza A-induced pneumonia.
Verifying Online User Identity using Stylometric Analysis for Short Messages (2014)

Stylometry consists of the analysis of linguistic styles and writing characteristics of the authors for identification, characterization, or verification purposes. In this paper, we investigate authorship verification for the purpose of user authentication process. In this setting, authentication consists of comparing sample writing of an individual against the model or profile associated with the identity claimed by that individual at login time (i.e. 1-to-1 identity matching). In addition, the authentication process must be done in a short period of time, which means analyzing short messages. Although a significant amount of literature has been produced showing high accuracy rates for long documents, it is still challenging to identify accurately authors of short unstructured documents, in particular when dealing with large authors populations. In this paper, we pose some steps toward achieving that goal by proposing a supervised learning technique combined with n-grams analysis for authorship verification for short texts. We introduce a new n-gram metric and study several sizes of n-grams using a relatively large dataset. The experimental evaluation shows increased effectiveness of our approach compared to the existing approaches published in the literature.
Genre Differences on Visual Perception of Color Range and Depth of Field (2003)

Visual perception is the result of the integration of various related factors of the observed object and its environment. In this study we evaluated the impact of tridimensional form on color perception and the angle from the horizontal plane of a set of similar objets on the depth of field perception between young men and women. A panel half magenta and half white placed at the end of a black box, folded either concaved or convexed to alter the chromatic effect perceived were used to determine tridimensional form on color perception. Four sets of identical sticks where the angle from the horizontal plane varied for each, were used to determine the effect of spatial distribution of depth of field perception. The parameters taking into account were age, genre, associated visual defects for each individual evaluated. Our results show that the tridimensional form alters color perception but the range of color perceived was larger for women whereas depending on the angle from the horizontal plane we found genre differences on the depth of field perception.
Local Vasodilator Response to Mobile Phones (2001)

Exposure to EMF produced by a mobile phone produces biological effects that can be easily measured. Microwaves may increase skin temperature and therefore cause vasodilation and reduce MCA. Further studies are needed to study the long-term effects of mobile phone use and the relation among NO production, vasodilation, and temperature.
A Novel Dewar-Like Reactor for Maintaining Constant Heat and Enhancing Product Yields during Microwave-Assisted Organic Syntheses (2010)

A novel microwave reaction vessel is herein proposed for maintaining constant heat during microwave-assisted organic syntheses. The structure of the vessel is Dewar-like in that it prevents conduction of microwave-generated heat in dielectric substrates into the surroundings. The potential of the double-walled vacuum-filled vessel has been examined for the absence of thermal gradients in aqueous media (homogeneous media) and in the synthesis of biphenyl in a nonpolar solvent (heterogeneous media) involving the Suzuki−Miyaura coupling reaction. The efficiency of the microwave-assisted organic synthesis was enhanced significantly (6- to 7-fold) with this double-walled vessel relative to the conventional single-walled reactor vessel currently used in commercial microwave chemical devices.
A double-blind, randomized study comparing the effects of amlodipine/benazepril HCL vs amlodipine on blood pressure and endothelial function (2005)

This 12-week, randomized, multicenter, double-blind trial examined the effect of amlodipine besylate/benazepril HCL (A/B) versus amlodipine (A) on blood pressure (BP) and endothelium-dependent flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) via brachial artery reactivity testing (BART). After a 3-week placebo run-in, 70 subjects with systolic BP [SBP] 140–180 mm Hg and at least 1 other endothelial dysfunction risk factor were randomized to A/B [5/20 mg o.d., force-titrated to 5/40 mg o.d.] or A [5 mg o.d., force-titrated to 10 mg o.d.]; forced-titration occurred at Week 6. FMD was assessed at baseline, Week 6 and Week 12. The population was 54% male, mean age 60.5 years, and 63% Caucasian. Median baseline %FMD was 8.10% for A/B (n=29) and 7.10% for A (n=31). Increases in median change from baseline to Week 12 in %FMD (2.0% and 1.2%, respectively) and in median percent change in %FMD (25% and 16%, respectively) were larger in magnitude with A/B vs A; the differences were not statistically significant in this small study. A/B lowered BP faster and to a significantly greater extent (Table).
KINETIC STUDIES OF THE INTERACTION BETWEEN SILVER ION AND DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID (1980)

Abstract The interactions between silver ion and DNA were studied kinetically by the stopped flow method. The experimental results show that the reaction between silver ion and GC base pair of DNA proceeds by two steps and that between silver ion and AT base pair of DNA with one step.
2-Sulfonylpyrimidines: Mild alkylating agents with anticancer activity toward p53-compromised cells (2016)

The tumor suppressor p53 has the most frequently mutated gene in human cancers. Many of p53's oncogenic mutants are just destabilized and rapidly aggregate, and are targets for stabilization by drugs. We found certain 2-sulfonylpyrimidines, including one named PK11007, to be mild thiol alkylators with anticancer activity in several cell lines, especially those with mutationally compromised p53. PK11007 acted by two routes: p53 dependent and p53 independent. PK11007 stabilized p53 in vitro via selective alkylation of two surface-exposed cysteines without compromising its DNA binding activity. Unstable p53 was reactivated by PK11007 in some cancer cell lines, leading to up-regulation of p53 target genes such as p21 and PUMA. More generally, there was cell death that was independent of p53 but dependent on glutathione depletion and associated with highly elevated levels of reactive oxygen species and induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, as also found for the anticancer agent PRIMA-1(MET)(APR-246). PK11007 may be a lead for anticancer drugs that target cells with nonfunctional p53 or impaired reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification in a wide variety of mutant p53 cells.