gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of a capillary electrophoresis‐mass spectrometry method for the determination of formaldehyde releasers as their hydrolysis products and amino alcohols from metal working fluids (2006)

Metal working fluids (MWFs) are widely used as lubricants and coolants for different industrial operations. Biocides are ingredients of MWFs to control the microbial growth; derivatives of hexahydrotriazines and oxazolidines are generally used. Because of the lack of appropriate characterization, an existing capillary electrophoretic method for their quantification was improved. During the process of optimization, it became clear that hydrolysis products, derivatives of amino alcohols, severely interfere with the separation procedure. Since indirect-UV detection lacked the required selectivity, mass-selective detection was employed. NMR and MS established the absence of amino alcohols in the original educts. The aqueous solutions of the biocides stored for extended time remained amino alcohol-free, suggesting that these amino alcohols are formed from the biocides during the capillary electrophoretic separation. The observation of narrow and symmetric peaks indicated hydrolysis, and the polarity of the products implied favorable conditions for capillary electrophoretic separation. Methods were optimized for the analysis of the amino alcohols, the hydrolytic products of the formaldehyde releasers, using indirect-UV and MS detection. This method was extended to other likely solutes used as alkaline-reserve ingredients. The analytes were separated within 9 min with a high precision of migration times (the RSDs were below 1.5%). When quantifying from mobility scale, the calibration curves produced linearity with regression coefficients in the range of 0.990-0.999. The detection limit was lower than 1 mg/L in the case of MS detection. The influence of water-based MWF was also investigated, and no matrix effect on the migration of the analytes and on the peak areas was observed.
Buccal mucosal urethroplasty for treatment of recurrent hemospermia in a stallion (2009)

Buccal mucosal urethroplasty resulted in a favorable outcome in a stallion with recurrent hemospermia. Buccal mucosal urethroplasty may be a useful surgical option in stallions that have hemospermia secondary to a urethral defect and do not heal with sexual rest alone.
Adhesion forces in interactive powder mixtures of a micronized drug and carrier particles of various particle size distributions (1998)

The adhesion force between micronized drug particles (Salmeterol Xinafoate) and lactose monohydrate carrier particles in interactive powder mixtures has been determined. Artificial particle size distributions of the carrier powder were produced from fine (< 20 μm), medium ( 20 μm to < 70 μm), and coarse ( 70 μm) carrier particle fractions. Using three different grades of lactose monohydrate, in total 60 different particle size distributions were prepared. These blends differed in their mean particle size and amount of fine particle fraction, and were either mono- or bi-modal. It was found that the adhesion force between drug and carrier particles depended on the mean particle size of the carrier material and that an increased amount of fines caused a large increase in the adhesion force. Preconditioning of the carrier powder by blending it alone by a set procedure was found to lead to autoadhesion contact between the fine and coarse carrier particles, which resulted in an alteration of the surface structure of the coarse carrier particles due to corrasion. However, the degree of change in surface structure depended on the initial surface roughness of the carrier particles. Corrasion as a means of improving the adhesion properties of interactive powder mixtures with respect to their function as dry powder inhalations was found to be useful only if the coarse carrier particles had a surface roughness above an apparent rugosity threshold level of 1.2-1.3 μm.
Efficient Regioselective Opening of Epoxides by Nucleophiles in Water under Simultaneous Ultrasound/Microwave Irradiation (2007)

Epoxide cleavage by nucleophiles in aqueous media may suffer from competition by water itself, yielding the diol as byproduct. However, when the reaction was carried out under high-intensity ultrasound or microwaves, attack by the nucleophile was strongly promoted and water no longer reacted. Best results were achieved under simultaneous ultrasound/microwave irradiation: a series of mono-, di- and trisubstituted oxiranes reacted rapidly with sodium azide or 1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine, usually leading to the corresponding more substituted alcohols in acceptable to high yields. This catalyst-free, greener protocol achieves a much faster cleavage of epoxides with a high regioselectivity.
Heterojunction Photovoltaics Using GaAs Nanowires and Conjugated Polymers (2010)

We demonstrate an organic/inorganic solar cell architecture based on a blend of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and narrow bandgap GaAs nanowires. The measured increase of device photocurrent with increased nanowire loading is correlated with structural ordering within the active layer that enhances charge transport. Coating the GaAs nanowires with TiO(x) shells passivates nanowire surface states and further improves the photovoltaic performance. We find that the P3HT/nanowire cells yield power conversion efficiencies of 2.36% under white LED illumination for devices containing 50 wt % of TiO(x)-coated GaAs nanowires. Our results constitute important progress for the use of nanowires in large area solution processed hybrid photovoltaic cells and provide insight into the role of structural ordering in the device performance.
Mean circulation of the upper layers of the western equatorial Pacific Ocean (1993)

Hydrographic (0–1000 dbar) and direct current measurements (0–600 dbar) along 165°E (20°S‐10°N) between January 1984 and July 1991 are used to investigate the mean circulation and its relationships with the distributions of salinity and potential vorticity on isopycnal surfaces. Less well documented mean sections along 142°E and 137°E are used to complement the 165°E analysis. The Equatorial Undercurrent is centered on the equator at 165°E and on 0.5°N at 142°E. No variation in its transport (15.0 × 10 6 m 3 s −1 ) is found between those longitudes. We find indication of the Equatorial Undercurrent at 137°E‐0.75°N in the geostrophic field. The northern and southern Subsurface Countercurrents are clearly identified by extrema of eastward velocity at 165°E around 3°N and 3°S (250 dbar). No evidence of a southern Subsurface Countercurrent is found at 142°E. At 137°E the northern Subsurface Countercurrent is not characterized by a local extrema of eastward velocity: the North Equatorial Countercurrent seems to extend from the surface to 400 dbar with a southward shift of its core. Analysis of the seasonal variability at 165°E indicates that the Equatorial Undercurrent transport increases by a factor 2 between January (10.7 × 10 6 m 3 s −1 ) and July (21.5 × 10 6 m 3 s −1 ) and the Equatorial Intermediate Current transport is halved (6.3 × 10 6 m 3 s −1 in January, 3.5 × 10 6 m 3 s −1 in July). In contrast, the transport of the Subsurface Countercurrents does not vary substantially between those two months. The meridional distributions of salinity and potential vorticity show that the axes of the main eastward currents are associated with strong meridional property gradients, not with property extrema. The eastward currents thus represent a barrier to the northward extension of the high salinity Tropical Water. Relatively weak meridional gradients of salinity and potential vorticity are observed in the westward directed South Equatorial Current and Equatorial Intermediate Current.
Alkyl Substituted 2′-Benzoylpyridine Thiosemicarbazone Chelators with Potent and Selective Anti-Neoplastic Activity: Novel Ligands that Limit Methemoglobin Formation (2012)

Thiosemicarbazone chelators, including the 2'-benzoylpyridine thiosemicarbazones (BpT) class, show marked potential as anticancer agents. Importantly, 3-aminopyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (3-AP) has been investigated in >20 phase I and II clinical trials. However, side effects associated with 3-AP administration include methemoglobinemia. Considering this problem, novel BpT analogues were designed bearing hydrophobic, electron-donating substituents at the para position of the phenyl group (RBpT). Their Fe(III/II) redox potentials were all within the range accessible to cellular oxidants and reductants, suggesting they can redox cycle. These RBpT ligands exhibited potent and selective antiproliferative activity, which was comparable or exceeded their BpT counterparts. Major findings include that methemoglobin formation mediated by the lipophilic t-BuBpT series was significantly (p < 0.05-0.001) decreased in comparison to 3-AP in intact red blood cells and were generally comparable to the control. These data indicate the t-BuBpT ligands may minimize methemoglobinemia, which is a marked advantage over 3-AP and other potent thiosemicarbazones.
Future vehicle society based on electric motor, capacitor and wireless power supply (2010)

Future electric vehicles (EVs) will be linked to the electric power system infrastructure; the vehicles will operate through frequent electric charging, as is the case with electric trains. Conventional batteries require a long recharging time; therefore, supercapacitors, rather than batteries, will play an important role in the future for charging of EVs. Recently, we manufactured small EVs powered only by supercapacitors. Supercapacitors have a long operating life, large current density, and environmentally friendly composition. Further, their energy level can be estimated from their terminal voltage. Because EVs powered by supercapacitors can operate for more than 20 min after being charged for only 30 s, the requirement for constant recharging of EVs is reduced substantially, thereby increasing the efficiency of these EVs. Wireless power transfer based on magnetic resonance is an extremely important technique that needs to be considered for enhancing the efficiency of EVs. In a laboratory experiment, this technique enabled approximately 50 W power transfer with more than 95% efficiency at a distance of more than 50 cm. In order to improve energy efficiency and safety of future EVs, the implementation of novel motion control techniques for EVs is required. Since EVs are powered by electric motors, they have three major advantages: motor torque generation is quick and accurate, a motor can be attached to each wheel, and motor torque can be estimated precisely. These advantages enable the realization of highperformance antilock braking and traction control systems, control of two-dimensional chassis motion, and estimation of road surface condition. In summary, we can achieve a large-scale development of future vehicles that employ three techniques: Electric Motors, Supercapacitors, and Wireless Power Transfer. This eliminates the requirement for engines, high performance Li-ion batteries, and large charging stations.
COMPETÊNCIAS TÉCNICO-ORGANIZACIONAIS E ESTRATÉGIA ORGANIZACIONAL: EVIDÊNCIAS DE ORGANIZAÇÕES NÃO GOVERNAMENTAIS (2005)

Although there is a vast literature about the implications of the technical-organizational capabilities for the organizations’ performance, several of these are concentrated in the industrial environment. At the same time, there aren’t many studies about these capabilities in nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). This article examines the implications of the technical-organizational capabilities for the improvement of NGOs’ performance under the perspective of strategy based in dynamic capabilities. The research does use firsthand empirical evidences collected on fieldwork and examined at the light of a framework that identifies nine dimensions of technical-organizational capabilities. The study found that the NGOs that do explicit efforts for the improvement of these dimensions, present better indicators of performance. Therefore the perspective of dynamic capabilities also showed itself strongly viable to explain differences of performance in these types of organizations.
Näherungsweise Berechnung des Alterungsbeiwerts für das Betonkriechen. (1986)

Abstract Für den eindimensionalen Spannungszustand lässt sich das allgemeine Spannungs‐Dehnungsgesetz für Beton unter Berücksichtigung seiner elastischen Verformung sowie des Kriechens und Schwindens unter Verwendung des Alterungskennwerts, auch Relaxationskennwerts formulieren. Der Alterungsbeiwert ist abhängig vom Betonalter und der Beobachtungszeit. Er lässt sich aber auch in Abhängigkeit von den Endkriechzahlen darstellen.Für diesen Fall wird für seine Berechnung ein Näherungsverfahren abgeleitet.
Model-based assessment of benefit-risk profile of nivolumab (NIVO) flat dosing schedules (Q2W and Q4W) across multiple tumor types (2018)

Background: Flat dosing regimens of NIVO 240 mg every 2 weeks (Q2W) and 480 mg every 4 weeks (Q4W) were approved in the US across indications (not including 480 Q4W in MSI-H or dMMR CRC) and the EU across indications (240 mg Q2W) and in melanoma and renal cell carcinoma (480 mg Q4W) to provide flexible and convenient treatment options than the initially approved 3 mg/kg Q2W weight-based regimen. These changes were supported by model-based bridging of available efficacy and safety data. Methods: NIVO exposures with flat dosing regimens were predicted and compared with 3 mg/kg Q2W dosing for 3817 patients with melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, renal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, urothelial carcinoma, classical Hodgkin’s lymphoma, small cell lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal carcinoma, and gastric carcinoma. The impact on differences in time-varying exposure on safety were assessed by time-to-event models of Grade (Gr)2+ immune-mediated adverse events (IMAEs) and treatment-related AEs (TRAEs). The impact of differences in early (month 1) exposure on efficacy was assessed by models of tumor growth dynamics and overall survival (OS). Additionally, the potential impact of time-varying exposure on efficacy was assessed by predicting intratumoral programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) receptor occupancy (RO). Results: The predicted time-averaged concentration at steady-state for 240 mg Q2W and 480 mg Q4W was similar to 3 mg/kg Q2W (<6% difference), whereas the peak and time-averaged concentration after the first dose were higher with 480 mg Q4W. The predicted cumulative probability of experiencing Gr2+ IMAEs or TRAEs with NIVO 240 mg Q2W and 480 mg Q4W were similar to 3 mg/kg Q2W (<1% difference at 2 years). The exposure–response relationship of tumor shrinkage and growth rates were flat. Hazard ratios of OS with NIVO 240 mg Q2W and 480 mg Q4W relative to standard-of-care were predicted to be similar to 3 mg/kg Q2W. The median trough intratumoral RO at steady state was predicted to be maintained above 90% for all 3 dosing regimens. Conclusions: The benefit-risk of NIVO 240 mg Q2W and 480 mg Q4W regimens are expected to be similar to 3 mg/kg Q2W, with the added convenience and flexibility for patients and providers. Editorial acknowledgement: Medical writing assistance was provided by Eric Rabinovsky, PhD, of Spark Medica Inc. (US), funded by Bristol-Myers Squibb. Legal entity responsible for the study: Bristol-Myers Squibb. Funding: Bristol-Myers Squibb. Disclosure: X. Zhao J. Shen, B.J. Schmidt, P. Statkevich, T. Kelleher: Employee: BMS. Y. Feng: Owned BMS stock. M. Rashford, S. Agrawal, A. Roy, A. Bello: Employee, Stockholder: BMS. All other authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
Variational Bayesian Compressive Blind Image Deconvolution (2013)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Marrakech, Morocco, 2013
Spontaneous remission of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor–associated leukemia in a child with severe congenital neutropenia (2000)

Leukemia is observed with increased frequency in patients with severe congenital neutropenia (SCN). In the past decade, recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rh G-CSF) has prolonged the survival of patients with SCN increasingly reported to have leukemias. In this communication acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) associated with a mutation of the G-CSF receptor (G-CSF-R) developed in a patient with SCN maintained on long-term G-CSF therapy. The blast count in the blood and bone marrow fell to undetectable levels twice on withholding G-CSF and without chemotherapy administration, but the mutant G-CSF-R was detectable during this period. The patient subsequently underwent successful allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. After transplantation, the patient's neutrophil elastase (ELA-2) mutation and G-CSF-R mutation became undetectable by polymerase chain reaction. This report provides novel insights on leukemia developing in congenital neutropenia.
Effect of Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 on Fracture Healing in a Goat Tibial Fracture Model (1998)

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are considered to have important regulatory roles in skeletal embryogenesis and bone healing. Recombinant human BMPs (rhBMPs) have been shown to heal critical size defects and promote spinal fusion. We studied the effects of rhBMP-2 in an absorbable collagen sponge (ACS) on bone healing in a large animal tibial fracture model. Bilateral closed tibial fractures were created in 16 skeletally mature goats and reduced and stabilized using external fixation. In each animal, one tibia received the study device (0.86 mg of rhBMP-2/ACS or buffer/ACS), and the contralateral fracture served as control. The device was implanted as a folded onlay or wrapped circumferentially around the fracture. Six weeks following fracture, the animals were sacrificed and the tibiae harvested for torsional testing and histomorphologic evaluation. Radiographs indicated increased callus at 3 weeks in the rhBMP-2/ACS treated tibiae. At 6 weeks, the rhBMP-2/ACS wrapped fractures had superior radiographic healing scores compared with buffer groups and controls. The rhBMP-2/ACS produced a significant increase in torsional toughness (p = 0.02), and trends of increased torsional strength and stiffness (p = 0.09) compared with fracture controls. The device placed in a wrapped fashion around the fracture produced significantly tougher callus (p = 0.02) compared with the onlay application. Total callus new bone volume was significantly increased (p = 0.02) in the rhBMP-2/ACS fractures compared with buffer groups and controls regardless of the method of device application. The rhBMP-2/ACS did not alter the timing of onset of periosteal/endosteal callus formation compared with controls. Neither the mineral apposition rates nor bone formation rates were affected by rhBMP-2/ACS treatment. The increased callus volume associated with rhBMP-2 treatment produced only moderate increases in strength and stiffness.
Extracellular water and body osmolarity (1964)

As knowledge of physiologic regulation of the composition and distribution of body fluids has grown, the importance of disorders of extracellular fluid volume and body osmolarity in fluid and electrolyte disturbances has emerged. Most problems of fluid and electrolytes present with one or both of these disorders. The following discussion attempts to outline the physiological and pathological considerations regarding extracellular fluid volume and body osmolarity, and to indicate a few diagnostic and therapeutic points of interest in this respect.
Integration of InP nanowire lasers on (001) silicon substrate by selective epitaxial growth (2014)

The co-integration of nanolasers with silicon photonic circuit could potentially solve the most challenging obstacle of silicon photonics, i.e., a lack of light sources due to the indirect bandgap of the silicon material. Although a wide range of IIIV-on-Si nanolasers demonstrations could be found in literature, in most of the cases, nanolasers are first processed on III-V substrates, and then removed to be placed on a silicon substrate. This complex and low-yield integration strategy makes these nanolasers practically infeasible. Selective epitaxial growth could be the optimal approach, which provides precise position control and very high yield. To implement such epitaxial integration method, a fundamental scientific problem has to be solved, that is the huge lattice constant mismatch between IIIVs and silicon (8.1% for InP on silicon) and also the polarity difference at the interface. Previously we reported a polytypic InP nano-cavity laser which is epitaxially grown on (001) Silicon by using step-surface-germanium seed layer [1]. However, the yield is lower than expected, mainly due to the incomplete annihilation of anti-phase-boundaries (APBs). In this work, we present the further improved of yielding and material quality by using ‘V-groove’ templates, in which APBs can only form at the trench corners which will be blocked by burring the corner before heteroepitaxy. Sub-pJ lasing threshold at room temperature has been achieved. Figure 1: A tilted SEM picture of an array of InP nanowires selectively grown on silicon. Good unifor- mity in terms of wire diameter and length could be easily identified. Figure 2: The light in-light out curve of two InP/Si nanolasers measured at room temperature. The cir- cles are measured points and the solid curves are the rate equation fittings, from which the threshold are derived as 0.26 pJ and 0.19 pJ, respectively. REFERENCES 1. Wang, Z., B. Tian, M. Paladugu, M. Pantouvaki, N. Le Thomas, C. Merckling, W. Guo, J. Dekoster, J. Van Campenhout, P. Absil, and D. Van Thourhout, “Polytypic InP nano-laser monolithically integrated on (001) silicon,” Nano Letters, Vol. 13, 5063–5069, 2013.
Energy efficient clustering protocol for early warning system for miner's safety in coal mines (2012)

Early detection of spontaneous explosions in coal mines can be made possible by monitoring the concentration of toxic gases such as Carbon monoxide (CO), Methane (CH <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> ) and Hydrogen sulfide (H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> S). Methane gas detection is very important for outburst prediction. In order to protect people and to avoid destructive sequence, it is necessary to design a system that can predict methane outburst in coal mines. In order to improve the reliability of gas monitoring in coal mine, we design a wireless sensor network (WSN) with gas sensors. The wireless sensor network is suitable for toxic gas monitoring in the severe environment of underground coal mines. Semiconductor type methane sensor having low power consumption and high sensitivity is used in the proposed system. The chain type clustering of low power sensor nodes along with data aggregation is devised to optimize the power consumption by the WSN. Additional feature of minimum data transmission and state transitions between listening, sleeping and transmitting modes in sensor nodes also guarantee power optimization.
Keratinocytes can modulate and directly initiate nociceptive responses (2015)

How thermal, mechanical and chemical stimuli applied to the skin are transduced into signals transmitted by peripheral neurons to the CNS is an area of intense study. Several studies indicate that transduction mechanisms are intrinsic to cutaneous neurons and that epidermal keratinocytes only modulate this transduction. Using mice expressing channelrhodopsin (ChR2) in keratinocytes we show that blue light activation of the epidermis alone can produce action potentials (APs) in multiple types of cutaneous sensory neurons including SA1, A-HTMR, CM, CH, CMC, CMH and CMHC fiber types. In loss of function studies, yellow light stimulation of keratinocytes that express halorhodopsin reduced AP generation in response to naturalistic stimuli. These findings support the idea that intrinsic sensory transduction mechanisms in epidermal keratinocytes can directly elicit AP firing in nociceptive as well as tactile sensory afferents and suggest a significantly expanded role for the epidermis in sensory processing.