gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Langmuir–Schaefer films of fibronectin as designed biointerfaces for culturing stem cells (2016)

Glycoproteins adsorbing on an implant upon contact with body fluids can affect the biological response in vitro and in vivo , depending on the type and conformation of the adsorbed biomacromolecules. However, this process is poorly characterized and so far not controllable. Here, protein monolayers of high molecular cohesion with defined density are transferred onto polymeric substrates by the Langmuir–Schaefer (LS) technique and were compared with solution deposition (SO) method. It is hypothesized that on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), a substrate with poor cell adhesion capacity, the fibronectin (FN) layers generated by the LS and SO methods will differ in their organization, subsequently facilitating differential stem cell adhesion behavior. Indeed, atomic force microscopy visualization and immunofluorescence images indicated that organization of the FN layer immobilized on PDMS was uniform and homogeneous. In contrast, FN deposited by SO method was rather heterogeneous with appearance of structures resembling protein aggregates. Human mesenchymal stem cells showed reduced absolute numbers of adherent cells, and the vinculin expression seemed to be higher and more homogenously distributed after seeding on PDMS equipped with FN by LS in comparison with PDMS equipped with FN by SO. These divergent responses could be attributed to differences in the availability of adhesion molecule ligands such as the Arg‐Gly‐Asp (RGD) peptide sequence presented at the interface. The LS method allows to control the protein layer characteristics, including the thickness and the protein orientation or conformation, which can be harnessed to direct stem cell responses to defined outcomes, including migration and differentiation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Molecular Characterization of a Novel Type of Prostamide/Prostaglandin F Synthase, Belonging to the Thioredoxin-like Superfamily (2007)

Prostaglandin F (PGF) ethanolamide (prostamide F) synthase, which catalyzed the reduction of prostamide H(2) to prostamide F(2alpha), was found in mouse and swine brain. The enzyme was purified from swine brain, and its amino acid sequence was defined. The mouse enzyme consisted of a 603-bp open reading frame coding for a 201-amino acid polypeptide with a molecular weight of 21,669. The amino acid sequence placed the enzyme in the thioredoxin-like superfamily with Cys(44) being the active site. The enzyme expressed in Escherichia coli as well as the native enzyme catalyzed not only the reduction of prostamide H(2) to prostamide F(2alpha) but also that of PGH(2) to PGF(2alpha). The V(max) and K(m) values for prostamide H(2) were about 0.25 micromol/min.mg of protein and 7.6 microm, respectively, and those for PGH(2) were about 0.69 micromol/min.mg of protein and 6.9 microm, respectively. Neither PGE(2) nor PGD(2) served as a substrate for this synthase. Based on these data, we named the enzyme prostamide/PGF synthase. Although the enzyme showed a broad specificity for reductants, reduced thioredoxin preferentially served as a reducing equivalent donor for this enzyme. Moreover, Northern and Western blot analyses in addition to the prostamide F synthase activity showed that the enzyme was mainly distributed in the brain and spinal cord, and the immunohistochemical study in the spinal cord showed that the enzyme was found mainly in the cytosol. These results suggest that prostamide/PGF synthase may play an important functional role in the central nervous system.
Unsupervised Emotional Scene Detection for Lifelog Video Retrieval based on Gaussian Mixture Model (2013)

Abstract For the purpose of an efficient retrieval of impressive scenes from lifelog videos, we propose an emotional scene detection method based on facial expression recognition. Most of conventional facial expression recognition methods focus on dis- criminating typical facial expressions such as happiness, sadness and surprise, while lifelog videos contain various facial expressions. In addition, many training examples, which are quite troublesome to prepare, are required to construct the facial expression recognition models. The proposed method tries to solve these problems by constructing a facial expression recogni- tion model using an unsupervised learning based on Gaussian mixture model. Since our model is unsupervised, there is no need for preparing learning examples and predefining the types of facial expressions. The detection performance of the proposed method is evaluated in terms of detection accuracy and efficiency through several emotional scene detection experiments.
Flexible Memristor Constructed by 2D Cadmium Phosphorus Trichalcogenide for Artificial Synapse and Logic Operation (2022)

Abstract The development of advanced microelectronics requires new device architecture and multi‐functionality. Low‐dimensional material is considered as a powerful candidate to construct new devices. In this work, a flexible memristor is fabricated utilizing 2D cadmium phosphorus trichalcogenide nanosheets as the functional layer. The memristor exhibits excellent resistive switching performance under different radius and over 10 3 bending times. The device mechanism is systematically investigated, and the synaptic plasticity including paired‐pulse facilitation and spiking timing‐dependent plasticity are further observed. Furthermore, based on the linearly conductance modulation capacity of the flexible memristor, the applications on decimal operation are explored, that the addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of decimal calculation are successfully achieved. These results demonstrate the potential of metal phosphorus trichalcogenide in novel flexible neuromorphic devices, which accelerate the application process of neuromorphic computing.
Editorial on the Opening of the New Editorial Year—The State of the IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems (2019)

It is a pleasure to write this editorial celebrating the start of the editorial year of 2020, which marks the beginning of my second year as the Editor-in-Chief of the IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems (TVLSI). In the past year, our Editorial Board has enabled several new initiatives and has achieved several accomplishments, solidly supporting the trajectory that we had envisioned for our journal a year ago [item 1) of the Appendix].
Encapsidation of RNA–Polyelectrolyte Complexes with Amphiphilic Block Copolymers: Toward a New Self-Assembly Route (2012)

Amphiphilic block copolymers are molecules composed of hydrophilic and hydrophobic segments having the capacity to spontaneously self-assemble into a variety of supramolecular structures like micelles and vesicles. Here, we propose an original way to self-assemble amphiphilic block copolymers into a supported bilayer membrane for defined coating of nanoparticles. The heart of the method rests on a change of the amphiphilicity of the copolymer that can be turned off and on by varying the polarity of the solvent. In this condition, the assembly process can take advantage of specific molecular interactions in both organic solvent and water. While the concept potentially could be applied to any type of charged substrates, we focus our interest on the design of a new type of polymer assembly mimicking the virus morphology. A capsid-like shell of glycoprotein-mimic amphiphilic block copolymer was self-assembled around a positively charged complex of siRNA and polyethyleneimine. The process requires two steps. Block copolymers first interact with the complexes dispersed in DMSO through electrostatic interactions. Next, the increase of the water content in the medium triggers the hydrophobic effect and the concomitant self-assembly of free block copolymer molecules into a bilayer membrane at the complex surface. The higher gene silencing activity of the copolymer-modified complexes over the complexes alone shows the potential of this new type of nanoconstructs for biological applications, especially for the delivery of therapeutic biomolecules.
Review of Central Venous Catheter-Related Infections and UV-C as a Potential Solution (2017)

Central venous catheters (CVCs) are indispensable medical devices that are utilized in clinical settings globally. Though CVCs provide life-saving functions, they are highly susceptible to bacterial colonization that eventually leads to catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI). Existing strategies in hospitals such as standard sterilization protocols have not been effective in significantly lowering the rate of CRBSIs in the past decade. The use of ultraviolet (UV) light as a source of microbial disinfectant is historically known. In particular, UV-C light has been shown to effectively eradicate bacteria, including strains that are difficult to kill with antibiotics. Many studies show that multiple logs-reduction in bacterial colonization after UV-C exposure can be achieved. With the emergence of light emitting diodes (LEDs) that deliver UV-C, the idea of applying UV-C energy to sterilize catheters has become more practical to implement due to their small size and low power consumption implement. In addition to its efficacy against bacteria, UV-C has also been shown to have little to no negative health effect on human tissues and minimal photochemical effect on infusates commonly delivered through CVCs. Central venous catheters (CVCs) are indispensable medical devices that are utilized in clinical settings globally. Though CVCs provide life-saving functions, they are highly susceptible to bacterial colonization that eventually leads to catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI). Existing strategies in hospitals such as standard sterilization protocols have not been effective in significantly lowering the rate of CRBSIs in the past decade. The use of ultraviolet (UV) light as a source of microbial disinfectant is historically known. In particular, UV-C light has been shown to effectively eradicate bacteria, including strains that are difficult to kill with antibiotics. Many studies show that multiple logs-reduction in bacterial colonization after UV-C exposure can be achieved. With the emergence of light emitting diodes (LEDs) that deliver UV-C, the idea of applying UV-C energy to sterilize catheters has become more practical to implement due to their small size and low power consumption implement. In addition to its efficacy against bacteria, UV-C has also been shown to have little to no negative health effect on human tissues and minimal photochemical effect on infusates commonly delivered through CVCs. Altogether, UV-C light has a promising application in the prevention of CRBSIs that is not only effective but safe., UV-C light has a promising application in the prevention of CRBSIs that is not only effective but safe.
Therapeutic approaches to the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (2002)

Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of progressive decline of cognitive function in aged humans and is characterized by the presence of numerous senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles accompanied by neuronal loss. The only treatment currently available for the disease is pharmacotherapy with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, a palliative strategy aimed at the temporary improvement of cognitive function. Other strategies with disease-modifying potential may include the use of antiinflammatory drugs, estrogen replacement therapy and antioxidants. Recent progress in understanding the molecular and cellular pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease has suggested possible pharmacological interventions that could modify the development and progress of the disease (disease-modifying therapy), such as treatment with secretase inhibitors, transition metal chelators, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors and amyloid-b immunization. Inhibitors of tau hyperphosphorylation may also modulate the development and progress of the disease.
Fabrication of DNA Microarrays on Polydopamine-Modified Gold Thin Films for SPR Imaging Measurements (2013)

Polydopamine (PDA) films were fabricated on thin film gold substrates in a single-step polymerization-deposition process from dopamine solutions and then employed in the construction of robust DNA microarrays for the ultrasensitive detection of biomolecules with nanoparticle-enhanced surface plasmon resonance (SPR) imaging. PDA multilayers with thicknesses varying from 1 to 5 nm were characterized with a combination of scanning angle SPR and AFM experiments, and 1.3 ± 0.2 nm PDA multilayers were chosen as an optimal thickness for the SPR imaging measurements. DNA microarrays were then fabricated by the reaction of amine-functionalized single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) oligonucleotides with PDA-modified gold thin film microarray elements, and were subsequently employed in SPR imaging measurements of DNA hybridization adsorption and protein-DNA binding. Concurrent control experiments with non-complementary ssDNA sequences demonstrated that the adhesive PDA multilayer was also able to provide good resistance to the nonspecific binding of biomolecules. Finally, a series of SPR imaging measurements of the hybridization adsorption of DNA-modified gold nanoparticles onto mixed sequence DNA microarrays were used to confirm that the use of PDA multilayer films is a simple, rapid, and versatile method for fabricating DNA microarrays for ultrasensitive nanoparticle-enhanced SPR imaging biosensing.
Urocortin 1 Inhibits Rat Leydig Cell Function (2008)

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) has previously been reported in rat testes in which it inhibits Leydig cells activity. However, recent studies in our laboratory have suggested that some of the effects originally attributed to CRF were instead due to the related peptide Urocortin 1 (Ucn 1) and that this latter hormone, not CRF, was detectable in Leydig cells. We show here that Ucn 1 [a mixed CRF receptor (CRFR) type 1 and CRFR2 agonist] and the CRFR1-selective peptide Stressin 1, but not Ucn 2 or Ucn 3 (both considered selective CRFR2 ligands), significantly blunt the testosterone response to human chorionic gonadotropin. The effect of Ucn 1 is observed regardless of whether this peptide is injected iv or directly into the testes, and it is reversed by the mixed CRFR1/R2 antagonist Astressin B. Blockade of GnRH receptors with the antagonist Azalin B does not interfere with the influence of Ucn 1, thereby demonstrating that pituitary luteinizing hormone does not appear to be involved in this model. Collectively these results suggest that Ucn 1, not CRF, is present in the rat testes and interferes with Leydig cell activity. However, whereas we previously reported that alcohol up-regulated gonadal Ucn 1 gene expression, CRF receptor antagonists were unable to reverse the inhibitory effect exerted by alcohol on human chorionic gonadotropin-induced testosterone release. The functional role played by testicular Ucn 1 in stress models characterized by blunted androgen levels therefore needs to be further investigated.
The Effect of Pressure on the Electronic Absorpion Spectra of TCNQ Ion Radical Salts (1970)

Abstract The effect of pressure up to 7 kbar on the electronic absorption spectra of the crystalline TCNQ anion radical salts and Li(TCNQ) in PVA has been studied. For simple TCNQ salts such as Li(TCNQ), a blue shift with an increase in the pressure has been observed in the absorption band associated with the intramolecular transition. The magnitude of the blue shift is between 45 and 86 cm−1/kbar. The observed shift has been discussed in terms of the crystal-field effect of the cations. For N-MePhe(TCNQ) and M(TCNQ)2, composed of the formally-neutral TCNQ and its anion radical such as TEA(TCNQ)2, a pressure-induced absorption band has been observed at around 20 kK; it may be assigned to the charge-transfer band between the anion radicals.
Trends in antimicrobial sales for livestock and fisheries in Korea during 2003-2012 (2014)

In this study, trends in the sales of antimicrobials for use in livestock facilities and fisheries from 2003 to 2012 were investigated with regard to antimicrobial group, antimicrobial usage, and animal species. The overall amount of antimicrobials sold each year from 2003 to 2007 was 1,500 tons, after which they decreased, with the lowest sales being 936 tons in 2012. The total volume of antimicrobials used for feed additives decreased markedly by 94% from 2003 to 2012, which was mainly attributed to banning of feed additives. However, antimicrobial consumption through self prescription by farmers for disease prevention and treatment increased by 25% from 2003 to 2012. The largest volume of antimicrobials sold was for use in pigs (48~57%), followed by poultry (18~24%), fisheries (11~25%), and cattle (5~8%). Tetracycline was the highest selling antimicrobial, followed by penicillins and sulfonamides, although the overall sale of all three antimicrobials gradually decreased over the study period. This study demonstrated that the total consumption of antimicrobials has gradually decreased since 2008. Nevertheless, usage by nonprofessionals increased, which can ultimately cause emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance. Thus, early establishment of veterinary prescription guidelines for prudent use of antimicrobials is urgently needed in Korea.
Application of MPEG2 in the receiver (1995)

Digital broadcasting of video requires an order of magnitude increase in the complexity of the domestic receiver. Conventional analogue receivers incorporate some rudimentary digital control and on-screen display functions, but are otherwise a simple analogue signal chain. The packet-based protocol layers of MPEG2 wrapped around the compressed video data must be successively stripped away by the receiver using dedicated LSI devices or high-speed embedded RISC processors. In addition to the processing involved; compressed data must be buffered within the receiver to meet the MPEG2 specification and to account for the limitations of a real decoder. Domestic receivers for digital TV reception form two distinct groups: (i) PC-architecture based; (ii) dedicated receiver. The first group has been popular for video on demand (VOD) and other interactive service trials. The second group, dedicated domestic digital receivers, are entering volume production to meet the introduction of satellite services based on MPEG2 coding. The paper concentrates on some of the design issues for the dedicated receiver as the first large-scale use of MPEG2. (5 pages)
Inactivation of Legionella pneumophila by copper-silver ions and free chlorine (1989)

Water disinfection systems utilizing electrolytically generated copper:silver ions (200:20 to 400:40 ug/L) and low levels of free chlorine (0.1 to 0.4 mg/L) were evaluated at room (21-23°C) and elevated (39-40°C) temperatures in filtered well water (pH 7.3) for their efficacy in inactivating Legionella pneumophila (ATCC 33155). A contact time of 24 hr was necessary for copper:silver (400:40 ug/L) to achieve a 3 log₁₀ reduction in bacterial numbers at room temperature. As the copper:silver concentration increased to 800:80 ug/L (K = 7.50 x 10⁻³ log₁₀ reduction/min), the inactivation rate significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased. In water systems at room temperature with and without copper:silver (400:40 ug/L), the inactivation rates significantly increased as the free chlorine concentration increased from 0.1 mg/L (K = 0.397 log₁₀ reduction/min) to 0.4 mg/L (K = 1.047 log₁₀ reduction/min). All disinfection systems, regardless of temperature or free chlorine concentration, showed increased inactivation rates when 400:40 ug/L copper:silver was added; however, this trend was significant only at 0.4 mg/L free chlorine.
Divisibilité des codes cycliques : applications et prolongements (1994)

Nous utilisons des outils recents de type combinatoire et algebrique pour etudier: la divisibilite des codes cycliques et affine-invariants, la distance minimale des duaux des codes bch etendus sur fp, les codes auto duaux affine-invariants. En adaptant aux codes affine-invariants un resultat du a mceliece sur la divisibilite des codes cycliques, nous construisons de tels codes 4-divisibles sur f2. Nous obtenons egalement une formule pour la divisibilite de tout code irreductible sur fp. Nous donnons en outre des elements pour l'etude de la divisibilite de l'image binaire de codes cycliques sur f4. Nous isolons une classe de duaux de codes bch etendus sur fp, presentant des proprietes combinatoires particulieres. C'est cette structure qui nous permettra de deduire des bornes sur leur distance minimale, et par suite sur la distance minimale de tous les duaux des codes bch etendus sur fp. Les resultats que nous obtenons sur les codes auto duaux affine-invariants constituent peut-etre l'exemple le plus probant de l'interet qu'il y a a considerer les codes affine-invariants du point de vue combinatoire. En effet, la caracterisation de l'auto dualite faible en termes de relation d'ordre nous permet non seulement de donner une liste exhaustive des auto duaux affine-invariants en petites longueurs, mais induit egalement une methode de construction de tels codes sur f2, en toutes longueurs de la forme 2m, m impair
Prostate cancer organoids: a potential new tool for testing drug sensitivity (2015)

Recent technical advances have enabled for the first time, reliable in vitro culture of prostate cancer samples as prostate cancer organoids. This breakthrough provides the significant possibility of high throughput drug screening covering the spectrum of prostate cancer phenotypes seen clinically. These advances will enable precision medicine to become a reality, allowing patient samples to be screened for effective therapeutics ex vivo, with tailoring of treatments specific to that individual. This will hopefully lead to enhanced clinical outcomes, avoid morbidity due to ineffective therapies and improve the quality of life in men with advanced prostate cancer.
ChemInform Abstract: Creating Molecular Macrocycles for Anion Recognition (2016)

Abstract Review: [49 refs.
Three-Dimensional Ultrasound for Image-Guided Mapping and Intervention (2008)

These data demonstrate that 3D ultrasound images seamlessly yield anatomically accurate chamber geometries. Image volumes from the ultrasound system are more accurate than possible with CartoMerge computed tomographic imaging. This clinical study also demonstrates the initial feasibility of this guidance system for ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation.
Optically powered optoelectronic integrated circuits for optical interconnects (1991)

We demonstrate an InP-based optoelectronic integrated logic circuit for use in optical interconnection networks. The electrical power and control of the circuit are provided by optical sources. The logic circuit can be dynamically tuned to operate as an amplifier, a bistable switch and a latch/reset.
Mastocytosis in mice expressing human Kit receptor with the activating Asp816Val mutation (2005)

Mastocytosis is a rare neoplastic disease characterized by a pathologic accumulation of tissue mast cells (MCs). Mastocytosis is often associated with a somatic point mutation in the Kit protooncogene leading to an Asp/Val substitution at position 816 in the kinase domain of this receptor. The contribution of this mutation to mastocytosis development remains unclear. In addition, the clinical heterogeneity presented by mastocytosis patients carrying the same mutation is unexplained. We report that a disease with striking similarities to human mastocytosis develops spontaneously in transgenic mice expressing the human Asp816Val mutant Kit protooncogene specifically in MCs. This disease is characterized by clinical signs ranging from a localized and indolent MC hyperplasia to an invasive MC tumor. In addition, bone marrow-derived MCs from transgenic animals can be maintained in culture for >24 mo and acquire growth factor independency for proliferation. These results demonstrate a causal link in vivo between the Asp816Val Kit mutation and MC neoplasia and suggest a basis for the clinical heterogeneity of human mastocytosis.