gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chromophore Structure, Second Harmonic Generation, and Orientational Order in Zirconium Phosphonate/Phosphate Self-Assembled Multilayers (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChromophore Structure, Second Harmonic Generation, and Orientational Order in Zirconium Phosphonate/Phosphate Self-Assembled MultilayersH. E. Katz, W. L. Wilson, and G. SchellerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 15, 6636–6640Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00094a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00094a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views530Altmetric-Citations123LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Immunotoxicology: Opportunities for Non-animal Test Development (2009)

At present, several animal-based assays are used to assess immunotoxic effects such as immunosuppression and sensitisation. The use of whole animals, however, presents several secondary issues, including expense, ethical concerns and relevance to human risk assessment. There is a growing belief that non-animal approaches can eliminate these issues without impairing human safety, provided that biological markers are available to identify the immunotoxic potentials of new chemicals to which humans may be exposed. Driven by the 7th Amendment to the EU Cosmetics Directive, the new EU policy on chemicals (the REACH system), proposals to update the European legislation on the protection of animals used in research, and emerging visions and strategies for predicting toxicity, such in vitro methods are likely to play a major role in the near future. The realisation that the immune system can be the target of many chemicals, resulting in a range of adverse effects on the host's health, has raised serious concerns from the public and within the regulatory agencies. Hypersensitivity and immunosuppression are considered the primary focus for developing in vitro methods in immunotoxicology. However, in vitro assays to detect immunostimulation and autoimmunity are also needed. This review of the state-of-the-art in the field of in vitro immunotoxicity, reveals a lack of cell-based immunotoxicity assays for predicting the toxicity of xenobiotics toward the immune system in a simple, fast, economical and reliable way.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis. Part 37. Synthesis of 2,6‐Disubstituted Piperazines from Chiral Non‐Racemic Lactams (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Structural Requirements for the Activity of the MirB Ferrisiderophore Transporter of Aspergillus fumigatus (2012)

Siderophores have been identified as virulence factors in the opportunistic fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. The 14-pass transmembrane protein MirB is postulated to function as a siderophore transporter, responsible for uptake of the hydroxamate siderophore N,N',N″-triacetylfusarinine C (TAFC). Our aim was to identify amino acids of A. fumigatus MirB that are crucial for uptake of TAFC. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to create MirB mutants. Expression of wild-type and mutant proteins in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain PHY14, which lacks endogenous siderophore transporters, was confirmed by Western blotting. TAFC transport assays using (55)Fe-labeled TAFC and growth assays with Fe-TAFC as the sole iron source identified alanine 125, tyrosine 577, loop 3, and the second half of loop 7 (Loop7Del2) as crucial for function, since their substitution or deletion abrogated uptake completely. Wild-type MirB transported ferricrocin and coprogen as well as TAFC but not ferrichrysin. MirB was localized by fluorescence microscopy using antisera raised against a MirB extracellular loop peptide. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed that in yeast, wild-type MirB had a punctate distribution under the plasma membrane, as did the A125D and Y577A strains, indicating that the defect in transport of these mutants was unlikely to be due to mislocalization or degradation. MirB immunolocalization in A. fumigatus showed that the transporter was found in vesicles which cycled between the cytoplasm and the plasma membrane and was concentrated at the hyphal tips. The location of MirB was not influenced by the presence of the siderophore TAFC but was sensitive to internal iron stores.
IC‐P‐118: Altered connectome mapping in mild cognitive impairment and older adults with cognitive complaints (2013)

There is increasing evidence showing that cognitive decline is associated with aberrant topological organization of the brain network in AD (Lo 2010); however, the alteration of large-scale brain networks in the preclinical stages of AD remains largely unknown. Our previous studies have suggested the feasibility of earlier detection in euthymic older adults with marked cognitive complaints (CC) but normal neuropsychological test performance (Saykin 2006, Wang 2012). This study was aimed to evaluate connectome patterns in CC, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or healthy controls (HC) based on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). DTI was conducted in 69 participants (19 HC, 22 CC and 28 MCI) at 3T (Siemens Trio) using the following protocol: 48 non-collinear diffusion directions with b=1000 s/mm 2, echo time/repetition time=77/8300ms; 68 slices, 2x2x2 voxel size; plus 8 images with b=0s/mm 2. T1-weighted MPRAGE was acquired using the ADNI protocol. Anatomical images for each subject were segmented into different cortical regions using FreeSurfer 5.1, then parcellated into 463 regions of interest (ROIs) using the Connectome Mapping Toolkit (Cammoun 2012). Whole brain white matter (WM) fiber tracking was generated using the Diffusion Toolkit (Wang 2007). Weighted WM networks were constructed with fiber tracking between each corresponding pair of ROIs (Cheng 2012). Graph theory analysis was applied to compute connectome indices based on network metrics using the BCT package (Rubinov 2010). Using age and sex as covariates, significant differences were found for the values of degree, strength and nodal efficiency (HC > CC > MCI, p<0.05), as well as shortest path length (HC < CC < MCI, p<0.05) in precuneus, orbitofrontal and middle frontal regions. Moreover, the CC group demonstrated significantly higher nodal efficiency than the HC and MCI groups in the parahippocampal region. Early structural network degeneration was revealed with graph theoretic methods in participants at-risk for AD. The findings are largely consistent with previous reports of the connectome in AD (Lo 2010) or individuals at-risk for AD (Brown 2011). Our results suggest alterations in the specific sub-networks may indicate interconnection changes for local brain regions in prodromal AD. Regionally increased parahippocampal nodal efficiency may imply a compensatory mechanism.
Self-association of block copoly(oxyalkylene)s in aqueous solution. Effects of composition, block length and block architecture (2006)

The article deals with the association behaviour in dilute aqueous solution of block copoly(oxyalkylene)s in which hydrophilic poly(ethylene oxide) is combined with hydrophobic poly(propylene oxide), poly(1,2-butylene oxide) or poly(styrene oxide). Polymers with three simple architectures are considered, i.e. copolymers of type EmAn, EmAnEm and AnEmAn, where E denotes an oxyethylene unit, A denotes a hydrophobic oxyalkylene unit, and the subscripts m and n denote number-average block lengths in repeat units. The aim is to examine how composition, block length and block architecture govern two fundamental properties, critical micelle concentration (cmc) and micelle association number (N), for systems which are in dynamic equilibrium. Copolymers with properties known to be greatly affected by heterogeneity in composition are excluded from consideration. A uniform pattern of behaviour emerges when log(cmc) is plotted against reduced hydrophobic block length (x), consistent with the micellisation equilibrium changing from one between unimers and multimolecular micelles at low values of x, to one between unimolecular micelles and multimolecular micelles at high values of x. Support for this model is provided by the enthalpy of micellisation, values of which fall effectively to zero as x is increased. Values of the micelle association number are used to define a critical hydrophobic block length for micellisation (n(cr)) for each class of diblock copolymers, values of which apply equally well to the half-length of the central block of corresponding EmAnEm triblock copolymers. Given these values, and irrespective of block architecture, the overall scaling law for the weight-average association number of the micelles is shown to be Nw = n'(1.07)m(-0.63) where m is the length (or half-length) of the hydrophilic block, and n' is the effective length of the hydrophobic block, equal to its length (or half-length) minus the critical length, i.e. n' = n-n(cr).
Microwave-Assisted Extraction and Quantitative LC/ID-MS Measurement of Total Choline and Free Carnitine in Food Standard Reference Materials (2012)

Abstract The Stakeholder Panel on Infant Formula and Adult Nutritionals of AOAC INTERNATIONAL has declared both choline and carnitine to be priority nutrients in infant formulas, and ongoing efforts exist to develop or improve Official Methods of AnalysisSM for these nutrients. As a result, matrix-based certified reference materials are needed with assigned values for these compounds. In this work, traditional acid and enzymatic hydrolysis procedures were compared to microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis, and conditions optimized to provide complete sample hydrolysis and recovery of total choline from four food standard reference materials (SRMs): whole milk powder, whole egg powder, infant formula, and soy flour. The extracts were analyzed using LC on a mixed-mode column (simultaneous RP and ion exchange) with isotope dilution-MS detection to achieve simultaneous quantification of total choline and free carnitine. Total choline has been determined in these four food matrixes with excellent precision (0.65 to 2.60%) and accuracy, as confirmed by use of SRM 1849 Infant/Adult Nutritional Formula as a control material. Free carnitine has been determined in two of these food matrixes with excellent precision (0.69 to 2.19%) and accuracy, as confirmed by use of SRM 1849 Infant/Adult Nutritional Formula as a control material. Limitations in simultaneous determination of total choline and free carnitine resulted from extreme differences in concentration of the two components in egg powder and soy flour (at least three orders of magnitude). Samples required dilution to prevent poor LC peak shape, which caused decreased precision in the determination of low concentrations of free carnitine. Despite this limitation, the described method yields results comparable to current AOAC Official Method 999.14 Choline in Infant Formula, with a decrease of more than 2 h in sample preparation time.
Slag and Deposit Monitoring at TVA Cumberland (2004)

Tennessee Valley Authority’s Cumberland Fossil Plant, EPRI and Clyde Bergemann Inc. are collaborating on a test and demonstrate project a novel technology for measuring upper furnace slag deposition. The project team has installed a system of 18 strain gages on the superheater pendant section of the 1300 Mw unit 1 boiler to provide information on the slag and ash deposit accumulation on the pendants. The system is designed identify “clinkers” that form in the pendant section and further to enable further assessment for determining the ability of intelligent soot blowing to remove the slag. This paper will discuss the project objectives, system configuration, expected results and benefits and plans for further deployment of the technology.
Matrix Probing and its Conditioning (2012)

When a matrix A with n columns is known to be well-approximated by a linear combination of basis matrices $B_1,\ldots,B_p$, we can apply A to a random vector and solve a linear system to recover this linear combination. The same technique can be used to obtain an approximation to $A^{-1}$. A basic question is whether this linear system is well-conditioned. This is important for two reasons: a well-conditioned system means (1) we can invert it and (2) the error in the reconstruction can be controlled. In this paper, we show that if the Gram matrix of the $B_j$'s is sufficiently well-conditioned and each $B_j$ has a high numerical rank, then $n\propto p \log^2 n$ will ensure that the linear system is well-conditioned with high probability. Our main application is probing linear operators with smooth pseudodifferential symbols such as the wave equation Hessian in seismic imaging [L. Demanet et al., Appl. Comput. Harmonic Anal., 32 (2012), pp. 155–168]. We also demonstrate numerically that matrix probing can produce good preconditioners for inverting elliptic operators in variable media.
Analog Duty Cycle Controller Using Backgate Body Biasing For 5G Millimeter Wave Applications (2021)

This work presents the first 21 – 43 GHz CMOS analog Duty Cycle Controller (DCC) implemented in 28 nm FDSOI. The main application is millimeter wave mixers with CMOS digital signals. The proposed circuit corrects the input duty cycle with a negative feedback analog loop. Observability of the duty cycle is made through a passive low pass filter and the control is achieved by modifying the rise and fall time of the input clock signal, via backgate biasing of an inverter chain. The circuit has been validated by post layout, Monte-Carlo and corner simulations. At 28 GHz, the duty cycle correction range varies from 40 % to 55 %, and the additional power consumption introduced by the correction loop is frequency independent and is equal to 0.6mW.
Spectrum of Comorbid Conditions and Their Relationship to CD4 T-lymphocyte Counts in HIV-Infected Patients in Mbour, Senegal (2020)

Background: Individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) present with a broad spectrum of clinical conditions as a result of compromised immune systems. There is little data reflecting the clinical spectrum and prevalence of comorbid conditions among HIV/AIDS patients in Mbour, Senegal. Objective: This study aims to describe the incidence of comorbidities affecting HIV/AIDS patients in Mbour and to examine the relationship between comorbidities and CD4 T-lymphocyte counts in this population. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients seeking care for HIV/AIDS at the Hospital of Mbour (n=426) between March 2005 and May 2014. CD4 counts at presentation and comorbid conditions were documented and analyzed to determine frequency of each condition in the population and the relationship between CD4 counts and clinical presentation of disease. Results: The most common condition in patients with HIV/AIDS at presentation in Mbour is chronic diarrhea (30.7% of patients), followed by dermatitis (29.5%) and oral candidiasis (25.4%). Patients presenting with candida infection, dermatitis and diarrheal illness have significantly lower CD4 counts than those presenting without these conditions. Patients with CD4 counts below 200 cells/μL have a greater number of comorbidities than patients with higher CD4 values. Conclusion: This study outlines the clinical profiles of patients presenting with HIV/AIDS at the Hospital of Mbour and correlates symptoms with CD4 counts. This data could be utilized clinically to promote community educational outreach for early detection of disease based on the most common presentation of HIV/AIDS in this patient population.
Development of dispersion compensation cable using reverse dispersion fiber (1999)

We developed a novel dispersion compensation cable using reverse dispersion fiber (RDF) which can compensate not only the wavelength dispersion but also the dispersion slope. The developed cable had good optical and mechanical properties and the feasibility of this cable for practical use was confirmed.
Modelling stars using XML (2001)

We suppose collections of XML data described by Document Type Definitions (DTDs). This data has been generated by applications and plays a role of OLTP database(s). A star schema, a well-known technique used in data warehousing, can be applied. Then dimension information is supposed to be contained in XML data. We will use the notions of subDTD and view, and formulate referential integrity constraints in XML environment. We use simple pattern matching capabilities of current XML query languages for XML view specification and tree embedding algorithms for these purposes. A dimension hierarchy is defined as a set of logically connected collections of XML data. Facts may be also conceived as elements of an XML document. Due to the structural complexity of XML data the approach requires subtler formal model than it is done with conventional dimension and fact tables described by classical star schemes. In consequence, our approach captures more from heterogeneity of source databases than it is done in classical relational approaches to data warehousing.
Fast, cheap, and creative (2009)

Manual evaluation of translation quality is generally thought to be excessively time consuming and expensive. We explore a fast and inexpensive way of doing it using Amazon's Mechanical Turk to pay small sums to a large number of non-expert annotators. For $10 we redundantly recreate judgments from a WMT08 translation task. We find that when combined non-expert judgments have a high-level of agreement with the existing gold-standard judgments of machine translation quality, and correlate more strongly with expert judgments than Bleu does. We go on to show that Mechanical Turk can be used to calculate human-mediated translation edit rate (HTER), to conduct reading comprehension experiments with machine translation, and to create high quality reference translations.
Novel thermoplastic yarn for the through-thickness reinforcement of fibre-reinforced polymer composites (2017)

Sewing has attracted a great deal of attention as a method to improve the delamination performance of carbon fibre laminate composites. A critical factor in the commercial exploitation of the technology is the development of a suitable sewing yarn, with other researchers looking at a variety of commercial fibres such as Kevlar. It would appear from the literature that fundamental research into what properties a suitable yarn should have has not been carried out. In this work, a commercial fibre designed for sewing applications was sourced from Toho Tenax (Germany) and used as a control. Unlike in published works, rather than relying on yarns which could be purchased commercially, selection criteria were drawn up and promising polymers identified and then extruded as a yarn. Based on the selection criteria, thermoplastic yarns were extruded using polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyphenylsulfone and polyetheretherketone. It was found that despite the fact that the commercial fibre had much better mechanical properties as a straight fibre, when it was knotted or looped (to try and simulate the effects of sewing), there was a dramatic decrease in the mechanical properties (the ultimate tensile strength dropped by 88% due to a single knot). There was no significant change in the mechanical properties of the thermoplastic yarns. As a result, it is concluded the thermoplastic fibres created could potentially be better suited for sewing applications compared to commercial fibres such as Kevlar and further work is planned to sew the yarns and test the delamination performance.
Escherichia coli translation initiation factor 3 discriminates the initiation codon in vivo (1996)

In a genetic selection designed to isolate Escherichia coli mutations that increase expression of the IS 10 transposase gene (tnp), we unexpectedly obtained viable mutants defective in translation initiation factor 3 (IF3). Several lines of evidence led us to conclude that transposase expression, per se, was not increased. Rather, these mutations appear to increase expression of the tnp'-'lacZ gene fusions used in this screen, by increasing translation initiation at downstream, atypical initiation codons. To test this hypothesis we undertook a systematic analysis of start codon requirements and measured the effects of IF3 mutations on initiation from various start codons. Beginning with an efficient translation initiation site, we varied the AUG start codon to all possible codons that differed from AUG by one nucleotide. These potential start codons fall into distinct classes with regard to translation efficiency in vivo: Class I codons (AUG, GUG, and UUG) support efficient translation; Class IIA codons (CUG, AUU, AUC, AUA, and ACG) support translation at levels only 1-3% that of AUG; and Class IIB codons (AGG and AAG) permit levels of translation too low for reliable quantification, importantly, the IF3 mutations had no effect on translation from Class I codons, but they increased translation from Class II codons 3-5-fold, and this same effect was seen in other gene contexts. Therefore, IF3 is generally able to discriminate between efficient and inefficient codons in vivo, consistent with earlier in vitro observations. We discuss these observations as they relate to IF3 autoregulation and the mechanism of IF3 function.
Characterization of photochromic computer-generated holograms for optical testing (2012)

We investigate the possibility to produce photochromic CGHs with maskless lithography methods. For this purpose, optical properties and requirements of photochromic materials will be shown. A diarylethene-based polyurethane is developed and characterized. The resolution limit and the in uence of the writing parameters on the produced patterns, namely speed rate and light power, have been determined. After the optimization of the writing process, gratings and Fresnel Zone Plates are produced on the photochromic layer and diraction eciencies are measured. Improvements and perspectives will be discussed.