gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Frequency and Response to Vaginal Symptoms among White and African American Women: Results of a Random Digit Dialing Survey (1998)

The prevalence of vaginal symptoms and response to those symptoms in a nonclinic setting has not been previously described. Two thousand women living throughout the United States identified by random digit dialing completed a computer-assisted telephone interview about history of vaginal symptoms and use of healthcare services in response to these symptoms. The analysis was limited to 1698 white (WA) and 144 African American (AA) women (n = 1842). An episode of vaginal symptoms of any severity during 1995 was reported by 7.5% of WA women and 18.1% of AA women. Fifty-five percent of WA women and 83% of AA women with symptoms consulted a healthcare professional about their most recent episode. The racial difference in prevalence and consultation was not explained by marital status, education, employment, or lifetime number of sex partners. Most women purchased an over-the-counter antifungal preparation to treat their symptoms, whether or not a physician was consulted. The racial differences in prevalence and use of health services in response to vaginal symptoms observed here should be confirmed, and the potential causes should be explored.
Multilinear decomposition application into students' evaluation of teaching effectiveness (2013)

This paper presents a comparative analysis between a bilinear decomposition (Principal Component Analysis - PCA) and a multilinear decomposition (Parallel Factor - PARAFAC) on the data obtained by the students' evaluation of teaching effectiveness in an engineering course. It is known that the teaching and learning relationship is a nonlinear process related to many fundamental subjects, which are highlighted into students' evaluation of the teaching effectiveness methodology. The comparison was made in order to know which additional knowledge is obtained when the analysis takes into account the multilinear process model of this. The results shown the importance of the latent characteristics in a students' professional formation in accordance with the results presented in the application of PARAFAC decomposition, that has been reveled as a powerful tool for data analysis in the assessment area.
CRECIMIENTO MIXOTRÓFICO DE LA MICROALGA NANNOCHLOROPSIS OCULATA (EUSTIGMATALES: MONODOPSIDACEAE) EN ENSILADO BIOLÓGICO DE PESCADO (2008)

Se cultivo a Nannochloropsis oculata en lote durante 12 dias hasta alcanzar la fase estacionaria, con temperatura e iluminacion constante las 24 h del dia utilizando tres diferentes medios de cultivo (T1 – Guillard F/2, T2 – Yashima y T3 –ensilado de pescado). Se encontro que N. oculata alcanzo altas concentraciones celulares en el tratamiento T3, aunque presento bajas concentraciones de clorofila por unidad de biomasa, lo que es inconsistente con un crecimiento autotrofico. Esto sugiere que N. oculata es capaz de crecer mixotroficamente sobre el ensilado biologico de pescado.
[Effectiveness of cefpirome on Klebsiella pneumoniae producing beta-lactamases with an extended spectrum of activity]. (1998)

In the submitted paper the author investigated the effectiveness of cefpirome on Klebsiella pneumoniae strains producing beta-lactamases with an extended spectrum (ESBL). From a total of 1348 examined strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae ESBL production was confirmed in 59 strains (4.4%). Resistance of ESBL-positive strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae to ceftazidime was 83.1%, to cefotaxime 93.2%, while resistance to cefpirome was recorded only in 45.8%.
Coating of Cemented Carbide Cutting Tools with Alumina by Chemical Vapor Deposition (1976)

has been chosen as the coating material for cemented carbide cutting tool inserts. The coatings have been prepared by chemical vapor deposition via hydrolysis of . The hard, dense and adherent alumina layers consisted of when deposited at temperatures above 850°C. Depending on the choice of the deposition parameters, the layer growth rate varied between a few tenths to 20 μm/hr. Machining tests carried out with cast iron and steel have shown that the presence of the alumina coating considerably increases the lifetime of the tool insert, reduces the number and the size of "cutting microholes" on the work piece, and decreases the amount of heat generated.
Solute diffusion and interactions in cross-linked poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels studied by Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy (2010)

Controlled diffusion and release of soluble molecules is one of the key challenges in developing three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds for tissue engineering and drug delivery applications in part because current methods to measure dynamic transport properties are difficult to perform directly, are strongly affected by the experimental setup, and therefore can be a subject to various artifacts. In this work we present a method for direct measurement of translational diffusion of solutes, namely Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy (FCS), by characterizing the diffusion of model proteins through a 3D cross-linked poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogel scaffold. We examined both the dynamics of hydrogel structure (<i>e.g.</i>, cross-linking and swelling) as well as protein size and their effect on protein diffusivity. For example, we demonstrated that protein diffusivity was closely related to protein size as smaller proteins (<i>e.g.</i>, lysozyme) diffused faster than larger proteins (<i>e.g.</i>, γ-globulin or Ig). We validated the FCS protein diffusivity results by comparison to standard bulk diffusion assays. Additionally, due to the nature of FCS measurements, we were able to probe for hydrogel-protein interactions during cross-linking that may contribute to the obstructed protein diffusion in the 3D scaffold. We determined that such interactions in this system were not covalent (<i>i.e.</i>, were independent of the cross-linking chemistry) but may be due to weaker hydrogen bonding or ionic interactions. Also, these interactions were protein specific and contributed up to 25% of the total decrease in protein diffusivity in the hydrogel as compared to diffusivity in water. Though interactions between various proteins and PEG have been reported, this is the first study that has explored these effects in detail in cross-linked PEG hydrogels using FCS; our findings question the assumption that PEG hydrogels are completely inert to protein interactions when applied as drug delivery matrices and tissue engineering scaffolds.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Antigen 85A and 85C Structures Confirm Binding Orientation and Conserved Substrate Specificity (2004)

The maintenance of the highly hydrophobic cell wall is central to the survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis within its host environment. The antigen 85 proteins (85A, 85B, and 85C) of M. tuberculosis help maintain the integrity of the cell wall 1) by catalyzing the transfer of mycolic acids to the cell wall arabinogalactan and 2) through the synthesis of trehalose dimycolate (cord factor). Additionally, these secreted proteins allow for rapid invasion of alveolar macrophages via direct interactions between the host immune system and the invading bacillus. Here we describe two crystal structures: the structure of antigen 85C co-crystallized with octylthioglucoside as substrate, resolved to 2.0 A, and the crystal structure of antigen 85A, which was solved at a resolution of 2.7 A. The structure of 85C with the substrate analog identifies residues directly involved in substrate binding. Elucidation of the antigen 85A structure, the last of the three antigen 85 homologs to be solved, shows that the active sites of the three antigen 85 proteins are virtually identical, indicating that these share the same substrate. However, in contrast to the high level of conservation within the substrate-binding site and the active site, surface residues disparate from the active site are quite variable, indicating that three antigen 85 enzymes are needed to evade the host immune system.
Onset of Osmotic Swelling in Highly Charged Clay Minerals (2018)

Delamination by osmotic swelling of layered materials is generally thought to become increasingly difficult, if not impossible, with increasing layer charge density because of strong Coulomb interactions. Nevertheless, for the class of 2:1 layered silicates, very few examples of delaminating organo-vermiculites were reported in literature. We propose a mechanism for this repulsive osmotic swelling of highly charged vermiculites based on repulsive counterion translational entropy that dominates the interaction of adjacent layers above a certain threshold separation. Based on this mechanistic insight, we were able to identify several organic interlayer cations appropriate to delaminate highly charged, vermiculite-type clay minerals. These findings suggest that the osmotic swelling of highly charged organoclays is a generally applicable phenomenon rather than the odd exemption.
The SAGE graphics architecture (2002)

The Scalable, Advanced Graphics Environment (SAGE) is a new high-end, multi-chip rendering architecture. Each single SAGE board can render in excess of 80 million fully lit, textured, anti-aliased triangles per second. SAGE brings high quality antialiasing filters to video rate hardware for the first time. To achieve this, the concept of a frame buffer is replaced by a fully double-buffered sample buffer of between 1 and 16 non-uniformly placed samples per final output pixel. The video output raster of samples is subject to convolution by a 5x5 programmable reconstruction and bandpass filter that replaces the traditional RAMDAC. The reconstruction filter processes up to 400 samples per output pixel, and supports any radially symmetric filter, including those with negative lobes (full Mitchell-Netravali filter). Each SAGE board comprises four parallel rendering sub-units, and supports up to two video output channels. Multiple SAGE systems can be tiled together to support even higher fill rates, resolutions, and performance.
Rodrigues formula and linear independence for values of hypergeometric functions with parameters vary (2023)

In this article, we prove a generalized Rodrigues formula for a wide class of holonomic Laurent series, which yields a new linear independence criterion concerning their values at algebraic points. This generalization yields a new construction of Padé approximations including those for Gauss hypergeometric functions. In particular, we obtain a linear independence criterion over a number field concerning values of Gauss hypergeometric functions, allowing the parameters of Gauss hypergeometric functions to vary.
New phasing scheme of N -multiple carriersfor reducing peak-to-average power ratio (1994)

The authors propose a new phasing scheme to reduce the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) for N-multiple carriers. Numerical results indicate that the proposed scheme yields a PAPR within 3.01 dB for up to 300 carriers and that the PAPR approaches 2.65 dB as the carrier number increases. Experiments using CW and DSB-AM signals confirm the validity of the proposed scheme.
Data from Activity of a Py–Im Polyamide Targeted to the Estrogen Response Element (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Pyrrole-imidazole (Py–Im) polyamides are a class of programmable DNA minor groove binders capable of modulating the activity of DNA-binding proteins and affecting changes in gene expression. Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) is a ligand-activated hormone receptor that binds as a homodimer to estrogen response elements (ERE) and is a driving oncogene in a majority of breast cancers. We tested a selection of structurally similar Py–Im polyamides with differing DNA sequence specificity for activity against 17β-estadiol (E2)–induced transcription and cytotoxicity in ERα positive, E2-stimulated T47DKBluc cells, which express luciferase under ERα control. The most active polyamide targeted the sequence 5′-WGGWCW-3′ (W = A or T), which is the canonical ERE half site. Whole transcriptome analysis using RNA-Seq revealed that treatment of E2-stimulated breast cancer cells with this polyamide reduced the effects of E2 on the majority of those most strongly affected by E2 but had much less effect on the majority of E2-induced transcripts. &lt;i&gt;In vivo&lt;/i&gt;, this polyamide circulated at detectable levels following subcutaneous injection and reduced levels of ER-driven luciferase expression in xenografted tumors in mice after subcutaneous compound administration without significant host toxicity. &lt;i&gt;Mol Cancer Ther; 12(5); 675–84. ©2013 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Transscleral diode laser therapy for cyclodialysis cleft induced hypotony (2005)

In order to evaluate the efficacy of transscleral diode laser therapy for treatment of cyclodialysis cleft associated with ocular hypotony, transscleral diode laser therapy was used in two patients with cyclodialysis cleft. It was applied over the cleft area in two rows of 14 applications in a post-traumatic patient and of 8 applications in a post-trabeculectomy patient at a power setting of 2500 mW and duration of 2000 msec. The clefts were closed with restoration of normal intraocular pressure and recovery of visual function in both patients. Transscleral diode laser therapy seems to be a safe, simple and non-invasive method for closure of the cyclodialysis clefts, especially in patients inappropriate for argon laser photocoagulation and those with opaque cornea.
Interaction of Polymer and Surfactant at the Air−Water Interface: Poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) and Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (2008)

The interactions between the weak polyelectrolyte, poly(2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate) or PDMAEMA, and the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) at the air-water interface have been investigated at pH = 3 and 9 using a combination of neutron reflectivity and surface tension measurements. By using deuterated PDMAEMA in combination with h-SDS and d-SDS, we have been able to directly determine the distribution of both the polymer and the surfactant at the air-water interface. At pH = 3, the polyelectrolyte is positively charged while at pH = 9 it is essentially uncharged. The enhancement in the adsorption of SDS at low coverage suggests that surface active polymer surfactant complexes are forming and adsorbing at the interface. This leads to close to monolayer adsorption of SDS, suggesting that it is surfactant monomers that are complexing with polymers that are in extended conformations parallel to the surface. As the concentration of SDS in the mixtures changes so does the surfactant content of the complexes, which affects the surface activity and hence the coverage of the complexes. Multilayer structures are formed at SDS concentrations of 0.1 and 1 mM, for pH = 3 and 9, respectively.
Characterisation and online monitoring of wear behaviour of on-machine fabricated PCD micro-tool while vertical micro-grinding of BK7 glass (2011)

This paper deals with the wear behaviour of polycrystalline diamond tool of 0.5 μm grain size during micro-grinding of BK7 glass. It was found that tool wear caused both diameter and length reduction and G ratio was found to be 940. Observation of tool surface gave clear indication of edge chipping and abrasion type of tool wear where grain was pulled out and micro-cracks and built up edge mechanism are responsible for wear mode. Tool wear progress can be divided into three stages. In the initial stage, tool suffers insignificant wear, then intermediate wear, and finally, severe worn out tool. Huge pitting on bottom surface, chipped side wall, longer centre line and double side wall lining are the major phenomena of severe tool wear. Moreover, the increasing tendency of normal cutting force is found to support the evidence of tool blunting but cannot clearly indicate the severity of wear. Monitoring of root mean square acoustic emission signal is found to give an indication of tool topographic condition, i.e., sharpness and bluntness of cutting edge. Moreover, this signal can also envisage minor and major tool chipping condition. Hence, monitoring the AE signal can be a plausible way of monitoring PCD tool condition.
Structure and inhibition mechanism of the catalytic domain of human squalene epoxidase. (2019)

Squalene epoxidase (SQLE), also known as squalene monooxygenase, catalyzes the stereospecific conversion of squalene to 2,3(S)-oxidosqualene, a key step in cholesterol biosynthesis. SQLE inhibition is targeted for the treatment of hypercholesteremia, cancer, and fungal infections. However, lack of structure-function understanding has hindered further progression of its inhibitors. We have determined the first three-dimensional high-resolution crystal structures of human SQLE catalytic domain with small molecule inhibitors (2.3 Å and 2.5 Å). Comparison with its unliganded state (3.0 Å) reveals conformational rearrangements upon inhibitor binding, thus allowing deeper interpretation of known structure-activity relationships. We use the human SQLE structure to further understand the specificity of terbinafine, an approved agent targeting fungal SQLE, and to provide the structural insights into terbinafine-resistant mutants encountered in the clinic. Collectively, these findings elucidate the structural basis for the specificity of the epoxidation reaction catalyzed by SQLE and enable further rational development of next-generation inhibitors.
Defective Hfp-dependent transcriptional repression of dMYC is fundamental to tissue overgrowth in Drosophila XPB models (2015)

Nucleotide excision DNA repair (NER) pathway mutations cause neurodegenerative and progeroid disorders (xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), Cockayne syndrome (CS) and trichothiodystrophy (TTD)), which are inexplicably associated with (XP) or without (CS/TTD) cancer. Moreover, cancer progression occurs in certain patients, but not others, with similar C-terminal mutations in the XPB helicase subunit of transcription and NER factor TFIIH. Mechanisms driving overproliferation and, therefore, cancer associated with XPB mutations are currently unknown. Here using Drosophila models, we provide evidence that C-terminally truncated Hay/XPB alleles enhance overgrowth dependent on reduced abundance of RNA recognition motif protein Hfp/FIR, which transcriptionally represses the MYC oncogene homologue, dMYC. The data demonstrate that dMYC repression and dMYC-dependent overgrowth in the Hfp hypomorph is further impaired in the C-terminal Hay/XPB mutant background. Thus, we predict defective transcriptional repression of MYC by the Hfp orthologue, FIR, might provide one mechanism for cancer progression in XP/CS.
Image lightness rescaling using sigmoidal contrast enhancement functions (1999)

The <i>Journal of Electronic Imaging</i> (JEI), copublished bimonthly with the Society for Imaging Science and Technology, publishes peer-reviewed papers that cover research and applications in all areas of electronic imaging science and technology.
Structural variability of EspG chaperones from mycobacterial ESX-1, ESX-3 and ESX-5 type VII secretion systems (2018)

Abstract Type VII secretion systems (ESX) are responsible for transport of multiple proteins in mycobacteria. How different ESX systems achieve specific secretion of cognate substrates remains elusive. In the ESX systems, the cytoplasmic chaperone EspG forms complexes with heterodimeric PE-PPE substrates that are secreted from the cells or remain associated with the cell surface. Here we report the crystal structure of the EspG 1 chaperone from the ESX-1 system determined using a fusion strategy with T4 lysozyme. EspG 1 adopts a quasi 2-fold symmetric structure that consists of a central β-sheet and two α-helical bundles. Additionally, we describe the structures of EspG 3 chaperones from four different crystal forms. Alternate conformations of the putative PE-PPE binding site are revealed by comparison of the available EspG 3 structures. Analysis of EspG 1 , EspG 3 and EspG 5 chaperones using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) reveals that EspG 1 and EspG 3 chaperones form dimers in solution, which we observed in several of our crystal forms. Finally, we propose a model of the ESX-3 specific EspG 3- PE5-PPE4 complex based on the SAXS analysis. Highlights The crystal structure of EspG 1 reveals the common architecture of the type VII secretion system chaperones Structures of EspG 3 chaperones display a number of conformations that could reflect alternative substrate binding modes EspG 3 chaperones dimerize in solution A model of EspG 3 in complex with its substrate PE-PPE dimer is proposed based on SAXS data
Synthesis and Design of Wide-Band Equal-Ripple TEM Directional Couplers and Fixed Phase Shifters (1966)

An approximate synthesis technique is described for TEM directional couplers and fixed phase shifters consisting of multiple parallel-coupled quarter-wave sections. Synthesis is accomplished without the use of polynomials by a first-order relationship between the components and Chebyshev antenna arrays. The design procedure has the important advantage of allowing the maximum coupling coefficient between transmission lines to be an independent parameter. An iterative correction procedure for bringing the performance arbitrarily close to equal-ripple is described. The process has been programmed for electronic computation, and the results have been tabulated for directional couplers of 3, 6, 10, and 20 dB overall coupling and for phase shifters of 90, 45, and 22.5 degrees differential phase shifts. Bandwidth ratios range between 2 and 25, and the number of coupled sections ranges from 3 to 21 for couplers and from 2 to 9 sections for phase shifters. Maximum normalized even-mode impedance ranges from 1.83434 to 4.5.
Bovine articular chondroprogenitors: tools for cartilage tissue engineering [Abstract] (2009)

Introduction The use of stem/progenitor cells whose progeny&#13;\nhave the capacity to form good quality cartilage matrix has&#13;\nbeen targeted as a therapeutic goal for the treatment of large&#13;\ndefects of articular cartilage. Previously we reported the&#13;\nisolation and characterisation of a progenitor cell population&#13;\nthat resides in the surface layer of neonatal bovine articular&#13;\ncartilage. Here we show that chondroprogenitors maintain&#13;\nsox9 expression, telomere length and telomerase activity&#13;\nfollowing clonal expansion.&#13;\nMaterials and Methods Telomere length and telomerase activity&#13;\nof samples was assayed using Southern blotting and&#13;\nTRAP assay, respectively. Pellet culture utilised 1 · 106 cells&#13;\ngrown in high-density culture in chondrogenic medium for&#13;\n4 weeks.&#13;\nResults Cloned chondroprogenitors exhibited exponential&#13;\ngrowth for the first 20 population doublings (PD), then&#13;\nslower linear growth with evidence of replicative senescence&#13;\nat later passages. Mean telomere lengths of exponentially&#13;\ngrowing chondroprogenitors were significantly longer than&#13;\ndedifferentiated chondrocytes that had undergone a similar&#13;\nnumber of PD (P &lt; 0.05). Chondroprogenitors also had&#13;\n2.6-fold greater telomerase activity and had similar sox9&#13;\nand had reduced Notch-1 gene expression levels when&#13;\ncompared to dedifferentiated chondrocytes. Chondroprogenitors&#13;\nwere induced to differentiate into cartilage in 3D pellet cultures, immunological investigation of sox9, Notch-&#13;\n1, aggrecan and PCNA expression showed evidence of coordinated&#13;\ngrowth and differentiation within the cartilage&#13;\npellet.&#13;\nDiscussion Clonal chondroprogenitors are a useful tool to&#13;\nanalyse progenitor cell growth and differentiation chracteristics.&#13;\nWhether chondroprogenitor cells from immature articular&#13;\ncartilage differ from those derived from more mature&#13;\ntissue may shed light on the variable nature of cell-based&#13;\ncartilage repair therapies.
Controlled synthesis of Fe3O4@ZIF-8 nanoparticles for drug delivery (2018)

A novel one-pot synthetic method is introduced to produce Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@ZIF-8 NPs, which are proven to have potential applications as drug delivery models.