gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hiding in Plain Sight: The Anatomy of Malicious Facebook Pages (2015)

Facebook is the world's largest Online Social Network, having more than 1 billion users. Like most other social networks, Facebook is home to various categories of hostile entities who abuse the platform by posting malicious content. In this paper, we identify and characterize Facebook pages that engage in spreading URLs pointing to malicious domains. We used the Web of Trust API to determine domain reputations of URLs published by pages, and identified 627 pages publishing untrustworthy information, misleading content, adult and child unsafe content, scams, etc. which are deemed as "Page Spam" by Facebook, and do not comply with Facebook's community standards. Our findings revealed dominant presence of politically polarized entities engaging in spreading content from untrustworthy web domains. Anger and religion were the most prominent topics in the textual content published by these pages. We found that at least 8% of all malicious pages were dedicated to promote a single malicious domain. Studying the temporal posting activity of pages revealed that malicious pages were more active than benign pages. We further identified collusive behavior within a set of malicious pages spreading adult and pornographic content. We believe our findings will enable technologists to devise efficient automated solutions to identify and curb the spread of malicious content through such pages. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt in literature, focused exclusively on characterizing malicious Facebook pages.
Patient-specific modelling of whole heart anatomy, dynamics and haemodynamics from four-dimensional cardiac CT images (2011)

There is a growing need for patient-specific and holistic modelling of the heart to support comprehensive disease assessment and intervention planning as well as prediction of therapeutic outcomes. We propose a patient-specific model of the whole human heart, which integrates morphology, dynamics and haemodynamic parameters at the organ level. The modelled cardiac structures are robustly estimated from four-dimensional cardiac computed tomography (CT), including all four chambers and valves as well as the ascending aorta and pulmonary artery. The patient-specific geometry serves as an input to a three-dimensional Navier-Stokes solver that derives realistic haemodynamics, constrained by the local anatomy, along the entire heart cycle. We evaluated our framework with various heart pathologies and the results correlate with relevant literature reports.
Research of Wartime Equipment Maintenance Intelligent Decision-making Based on Case-Based Reasoning (2011)

Command Forces with intelligent decision-making model is necessary to the simulation system with man-not-in the loop in order to evaluate of equipment maintenance support effectiveness, repair order need use it to generate. By analyzing the features of equipment maintenance in wartime, command forces of equipment maintenance support is researched by the method of case-based reasoning. The framework for command forces system of equipment maintenance support based on case-based reasoning is presented. The work process of the inference machine is described. The method of representation and storage of equipment maintenance case is analyzed, and the algorithm of retrieval and match case is analyzed too. The research is of benefit to improving the fidelity of the simulation system with man-not-in the loop in order to evaluate of equipment maintenance support effectiveness.
1053 (2012)

Introduction: Plasma diafiltration (PDF) is blood purification therapy in which simple plasma exchange is performed using a selective membrane plasma separator while the dialysate flows outside the hollow fibers. Several studies demonstrated that PDF therapy is one of the most useful blood purification therapies for use in cases of acute liver failure. However, PDF therapy is very difficult to undergo in critical patients with acute liver failure who combined multiple organ failure and unstable hemodynamics. Moreover, it is likely to deteriorate in acute liver failure immediately after PDF therapy. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of continuous PDF therapy in critical patients with acute liver failure. Hypothesis: We hypothesis that continuous PDF therapy has beneficial effects for critical patients with acute liver failure who combined multiple organ failure and unstable hemodynamics. Methods: Six patients (M/F 3/3, mean age 42 years) with acute liver failure,who combined multiple organ failure and unstable hemodynamics, underwent continuous PDF therapy. The continuous PDF therapy was undergone for 5 days. Primary outcome was change in liver function (MELD scores, total bilirubin, and INR) after continuous PDF therapy, and secondary outcomes were SOFA scores at 5 days after therapy and survival rate at 14days after therapy. Results: MELD score improved (26 to 16; p<0.05), total bilirubin decreased (17.0 to 8.7 mg/dL; p<0.05), and INR decreased (1.91 to 1.21; p<0.05) at 5days after continuous PDF therapy. SOFA scores decreased (13.0 to 7.0; p<0.05) at 5 days after continuous PDF therapy. All patients recovered and discharged in ICU. Conclusions: In the present study, continuous PDF therapy significant improved liver function and severity in critical patients with acute liver failure who combined multiple organ failure and unstable hemodynamics.
Virtual Assembly Method Based on Cad Model Reuse (2011)

Assembly model of WTGS Virtual assembly of transmission system Assembly model of WTGS's wind turbine Virtual explosion view of transmissions system Assembly model of WTGS Virtual assembly of transmission system
EARS Auralization Software (1993)

A new auralization software called EARS, for electronically auralized room simulation, is discussed in conjunction with the EASE (electro acoustic simulator for engineers) acoustic simulation software previously introduced by the authors. Starting from a room simulation in EASE 2.0, the resultant simulated monaural room impulse response, complete with directivity information (angles of incidence), and stored in EASE postprocessing files, is convolved with outer ear transfer functions to derive a binaural signal. This binaural signal is then convolved with dry music. The resultant binaural auralization is a function of the selected listening position in the room and the head orientation of the simulated listener
Alinidine pharmacokinetics following acute and chronic dosing. (1982)

1 Alinidine (N-allyl clonidine) pharmacokinetics were investigated in healthy volunteers following acute administration of 40 mg orally and intravenously (i.v.) and chronic administration of 40 mg daily and twice daily for 8 days. 2 After acute oral administration the following values were obtained; Cmax -- 166.5 +/- 18.5 ng/ml at 1.8 +/- 0.7 h (mean +/- s.d., n = 5); AUC -- 1122.9 ng ml-1 h; VdSS -- 190.71 and T1/2 -- 4.2 h, and after i.v. administration: AUC -- 1046.7 ng ml-1 h; VdSS -- 190.71 and T1/2 4.2 h. 3 Clonidine was identified in plasma and urine samples following oral and i.v. administration; clonidine Cmax was 0.26 +/- 0.06 ng/ml at 8.4 +/- 2.2 h and 0.5 +/- 0.2 ng/ml at 4.8 +/- 2.5 following oral and i.v. alinidine respectively. Urinary excretion of clonidine represented 0.1% of the administered dose of alinidine. 4 During administration of alinidine 40 mg daily for 8 days, peak and trough plasma levels reached steady state after day 2 (223.1 +/- 123.9 and 9.03 +/- 6.7 ng/ml respectively). During alinidine 40 mg twice daily for 8 days peak and trough plasma levels on day 2 were 356.2 +/- 92.0 and 80.0 +/- 35.8 ng/ml respectively, these levels did not change (P greater than 0.05) between days 2 and 8. Urine elimination of alinidine did not change (P greater than 0.05) between days 5, 6, 7 and 8. 5 Clonidine plasma concentration following alinidine 40 mg daily and twice daily were 0.47 +/- 0.18 and 0.84 +/- 0.21 ng/ml respectively 2 h after administration on day 2 and did not change (P less than 0.05) between days 2-8. 6 It is unlikely that clonidine formed from alinidine contributes to the pharmacological action of alinidine.
Über den sterischen Verlauf der säurekatalysierten Cyclisation in der Terpenreihe. Cyclisation der cis‐7‐Methyl‐octadien‐(2,6)‐säure‐(1) (1954)

Abstract Die säurekatalysierte Cyclisation der cis‐Apogeraniumsäure liefert in einheitlicher Reaktion eine 1,1‐Dimethyl‐cyclohexanol‐(3)‐carbonsäure‐(2) vom Smp. 118°. Helg &amp; Schinz hatten andererseits aus der trans‐Apogeraniumsäure ausschliesslich die andere der beiden möglichen steroisomeren 1,1‐Dimethyl‐cyclohexanol‐(3)‐carbonsäuren‐(2) vom Smp. 161° erhalten. Damit ist der stereospezifische Verlauf dieser Reaktion aufgezeigt.
On the Use of the Metacognitive Strategy of Self-questioning while Studying Music of a Culture (2006)

A pilot study investigating the use of the metacognitive strategy of self- questioning while studying music of a culture was conducted in four high schools in New South Wales. Contemporary Chinese rock and film music was chosen as an intentionally different stimulus, since many high school students in New South Wales would have little access to this music. Researcher-devised activities in the project required students to engage with higher order thinking processes such as decision-making and synthesising of information. The findings show that students participating in the project observed the differences in the music studied and were able to critically evaluate how those differences were created. There are suggestions in this study that indicate students' openness to developing predispositions to interpret unfamiliar melodic contours and rhythms. There is also evidence that the strategy of self-questioning, especially the questions targeting the recall of feelings, thoughts and actions, helped students identify and acknowledge their own progress.
Christian Bougeard (dir.), Un siècle de socialismes en Bretagne, de la SFIO au PS (1905-2005). Rennes/Brest, PUR/CRBC, 2008, 328 p. (2009)

L’ouvrage dirige par Christian Bougeard sur les socialismes en Bretagne est la publication des actes du colloque tenu a Brest en 2005 a l’occasion du centenaire du Parti Socialiste. Deux grandes phases chronologiques sont distinguees, le « temps de la SFIO » (1905-1969), puis celui du PS (essentiellement autour des annees 1970, avec des retours sur les annees 1960), une troisieme partie etant consacree a des comparaisons nationales ou internationales. Les premieres annees du socialisme breton...
Signals of monocyte activation in patients with SLE. (1983)

The Fc receptor mediated reaction, the beta-glucuronidase and the lactic dehydrogenase activities of monocytes and the serum lysozyme level were tested together with the circulating immune complex content of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Simultaneously with the increasing FC receptor-mediated reaction and the elevated enzyme activities of patient monocytes, the secretion of lysozyme and the immune complex content of the sera were higher than those of the controls. A positive correlation was demonstrated between the Fc receptor-mediated reaction, the beta-glucuronidase activity, the lysozyme secretion and the immune complex content of the sera. Thus, the monocytes of patients appeared to be activated by the circulating immune complexes.
Preparation of some unsaturated side chain derivatives of cholesterol (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of some unsaturated side chain derivatives of cholesterolHenry W. Kircher and Fumiko U. RosensteinCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 9, 1722–1724Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1982https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00348a023RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views115Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (465 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Scalable algorithms for Boolean satisfiability enabled by problem structure. (2003)

The last few years have seen an increasing interest in Boolean Satisfiability (SAT), spurred in part by the recent availability of powerful SAT solvers that are sufficiently efficient and robust to deal with large-scale SAT problem instances. This has led to the successful deployment of SAT technology into diverse electronic design automation applications. Nevertheless, a number of practical SAT instances remain difficult to solve and continue to defy even the best available SAT solvers. While the general SAT problem is intractable, our premise in this thesis is that SAT instances arising from real-world applications possess an innate structure that, once uncovered, can drastically simplify the instance. Motivated by this observation, we develop robust methods for detecting various structural properties of hard SAT instances and show how to utilize these properties to produce SAT algorithms that can scale with the increasing complexity of today's SAT instances. First, we show how to identify and break syntactic symmetries in SAT instances expressed in conjunctive normal form (CNF). The symmetries are broken by adding symmetry-breaking predicates to the SAT instance that significantly prune the search space. Second, we expose sparsity in SAT instances and show how to utilize that knowledge to efficiently identify orderings of variables that intelligently guide the decision engines in SAT solvers. Third, we observe that CNF constraints in a SAT instance exhibit self-similarity. In general, such constraints are explicitly represented which may exhaust available computer memory resulting in aborted runs. We address this problem by developing a backtrack search algorithm that implicitly represents the constraints using zero-suppressed binary decision diagrams. This allows the processing of sets of, rather than single, constraints. Finally, we observe that real-world SAT instances typically consist of specific structured CNF constraints, such as counting constraints, that can be efficiently encoded using pseudo-Boolean (PB) constraints. The use of PB constraints extends the application of SAT solvers to handle Boolean decision and optimization problems. We develop effective techniques for handling PB constraints. We have validated these claims and showed that utilizing structure can substantially speed up the search process and reduce the memory requirements for many SAT instances.
THE EFFECT OF ASPHALT PROPERTIES ON THE FATIGUE CRACKING OF ASPHALT CONCRETE ON THE ZACA-WIGMORE TEST PROJECT (1969)

AGENCIES RESPONSIBLE FOR PUBLIC HIGHWAYS ARE CONCERNED WITH THE POSSIBLE INCREASE IN LIFE OF ASPHALT CONCRETE PAVEMENTS OBTAINED BY SELECTING THE MOST DURABLE ASPHALTS. NEW ASPHALT TEST METHODS ARE BEING SOUGHT TO IMPLEMENT THIS SELECTION OF BETTER QUALITY ASPHALTS. TWO NEW DURABILITY TEST METHODS ARE PRESENTED AND THEIR FUNCTIONALITY AND PRECISION COMPARED WITH TWO TEST METHODS IN COMMON USE. THE TESTS IN COMMON USE ARE THE THIN FILM OVEN (TFO) TEST, AND THE ROLLING THIN FILM (RTF) TEST, WHICH PREDICT THE HARDENING OF THE ASPHALT DURING MIXING WITH HOT AGGREGATE. THESE TWO TESTS PREDICT LONG-TERM PAVEMENT LIFE WITH A REASONABLE DEGREE OF CONFIDENCE. A SLIGHTLY BETTER CORRELATION IS OBTAINED BETWEEN RECENTLY DEVELOPED MICROFILM DURABILITY TESTS AND THE LIFE OF THE VARIOUS EXPERIMENTAL TEST SECTIONS IN THE ZACA-WIGMORE (Z-W) TEST PROJECT. THE THREE ALTERNATIVE MICROFILM DURABILITY TESTS, THE THIN FILM PLATE DURABILITY TEST (TFP), THE ROLLING MICROFILM (RMF), AND THE ROLLING MICROFILM ON ORIGINAL ASPHALT (RMFO) APPEAR TO CORRELATE EQUALLY WELL WITH THE PAVEMENT LIFE OBTAINED ON THE Z-W TEST PROJECT. THESE CORRELATIONS ARE SHOWN TO BE SLIGHTLY ALTHOUGH SATATISTICALLY NOT SIGNIFICANTLY BETTER THAN ARE OBTAINED FROM PROJECTIONS OF THE TFO OR THE RTF OVEN EXPOSURES. THE THREE MICROFILM DURABILITY TESTS ARE QUITE DIFFERENT IN THEIR EASE OF DETERMINATION AND PRECISION. AN APPENDIX PRESENTS THE ROLLING MICROFILM (RMF AND RMFO) TEST PROCEDURES. THE TFP TEST HAS GIVEN AN ASTM REPEATABILITY OF 138%; THE RMF, 65%, AND THE RMFO, 43% ON A SINGLE OVEN EXPOSURE AND A SINGLE MICROVISCOSITY TEST. THE RMF AND RMFO EXPOSURES GIVE ENOUGH RESIDUE SO THAT DUPLICATE VISCOSITIES CAN BE MADE. CONSEQUENTLY, THEIR PRECISION IMPROVES TO 54% AND 34%, RESPECTIVELY. WHEN DUPLICATE EXPOSURES AND DUPLICATE VISCOSITIES ARE AVERAGED, THE PRECISION IMPROVES TO 35% AND 23%, RESPECTIVELY. THIS LEVEL OF PRECISION APPEARS TO BE APPROACHING THE LEVEL REQUIRED FOR ROUTINE TESTING. THE RMFO TEST WAS FOUND TO BE THE MOST CONVENIENT, ECONOMICAL, AND AT THE SAME TIME THE MOST RELIABLE OF THESE MICROFILM TESTS. THE ENGINEERING SIGNIFICANCE OF THE ABILITY OF THESE TESTS TO DEFINE FOR SPECIFICATION PURPOSES ASPHALTS WHICH RESIST FIELD HARDENING APPEARS TO VARY DEPENDING ON THE PAVEMENT STRUCTURE.
Neutral Organic Mixed-Valence Compounds:  Synthesis and All-Optical Evaluation of Electron-Transfer Parameters (2007)

In this paper we present the synthesis as well as a detailed study of the electrochemical and photophysical properties of a series of neutral organic mixed-valence (MV) compounds, 1-7, in which different amine donor centers are connected to perchlorinated triarylmethyl radical units by various spacers. We show that this new class of compounds are excellent model systems for the investigation of electron transfer due to their uncharged character and, consequently, their excellent solubility, particularly in nonpolar solvents. A detailed band shape analysis of the intervalence charge-transfer (IV-CT) bands in the context of Jortner's theory allowed the electron-transfer parameters (inner vibrational reorganization energy lambdav, outer solvent reorganization energy lambdao, and the difference in the free energy between the diabatic ground and excited states, DeltaG degrees degrees , as well as the averaged molecular vibrational mode v) to be extracted independently. In this way we were able to analyze the solvatochromic behavior of the IV-CT bands by evaluating the contribution of each parameter. By comparison of different compounds, we were also able to assign specific molecular moieties to changes in vv. For this class of molecules, we also demonstrate that the adiabatic dipole moment difference Deltamicroab and, consequently, the electronic coupling V12 can be evaluated directly from the absorption spectra by a new variant of the solvatochromic method. Furthermore, an investigation of the electrochemistry of compounds 1-7 by cyclic voltammetry as well as spectroelectrochemistry shows that, not only in the neutral MV compounds but also in their oxidized forms, a charge transfer can be optically induced but with exchanged donor-acceptor functionalities of the redox centers.
Neuropsychiatric Burden Is a Predictor of Early Freezing and Motor Progression in Drug-Naïve Parkinson’s Disease (2021)

The present study demonstrated that the severity of NPS is a predictor of early freezing and motor progression in patients with PD.
Computer hardware description languages—A tutorial (1979)

Just as software designers use high level languages (HLL) to express the algorithms in terms of language statements, digital hard-ware designers use hardware description languages (HDL) to describe the system they are designing. Although HDL's were originated as a medium of precise yet concise description of digital hardware, they have found a variety of applications such as generating user manuals, teaching logic design, acting as an input medium for an automatic design system, etc. This tutorial paper introduces HDL's as useful tools for hardware design and documentation. The capabilities and limitations of HDL's are discussed, along with the guidelines to select an HDL. The directions for future work and an extensive bibliography are provided.
Induction of zinc deficiency in sheep and its correction with a soluble glass bolus containing zinc (2000)

Balance studies were carried out on four Suffolk-cross lambs which were fed a diet containing only 1.2 mg zinc/kg dry matter; zinc deficiency was induced within three weeks. After a period during which the deficiency was relieved by a pica, the zinc deficient state was re-established. Each sheep was then treated with a soluble glass bolus containing zinc, cobalt and selenium. The plasma zinc concentration of the sheep rapidly increased and was maintained for between six and 10 weeks. The bolus was able to supply the daily requirement of the sheep for zinc, with no detrimental effect on their copper status.
X-ray powder diffraction data of A-formula lanthanum and titanium substituted lead zirconate (2003)

PLZT of the compositions 0≤L≤12, and 0≤T≤10 was studied in order to describe the structure of the phases as a function of composition. This range contains a mixed region with PLZT+La 2 Zr 2 O 7 , an orthorhombic, a rhombohedral (hexagonal) phase, a tetragonal phase, and a mixture of different PLZT phases. Each phase pure composition is described by X-ray diffraction.
Analysis of Time-Related Metabolic Fluctuations Induced by Ethionine in the Rat (2007)

The time-course of metabolic events following response to a model hepatotoxin ethionine (800 mg/kg) was investigated over a 7 day period in rats using high-resolution (1)H NMR spectroscopic analysis of urine and multivariate statistics. Complementary information was obtained by multivariate analysis of (1)H MAS NMR spectra of intact liver and by conventional histopathology and clinical chemistry of blood plasma. (1)H MAS NMR spectra of liver showed toxin-induced lipidosis 24 h postdose consistent with the steatosis observed by histopathology, while hypertaurinuria was suggestive of liver injury. Early biochemical changes in urine included elevation of guanidinoacetate, suggesting impaired methylation reactions. Urinary increases in 5-oxoproline and glycine suggested disruption of the gamma-glutamyl cycle. Signs of ATP depletion together with impairment of the energy metabolism were given from the decreased levels in tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, the appearance of ketone bodies in urine, the depletion of hepatic glucose and glycogen, and also hypoglycemia. The observed increase in nicotinuric acid in urine could be an indication of an increase in NAD catabolism, a possible consequence of ATP depletion. Effects on the gut microbiota were suggested by the observed urinary reductions in the microbial metabolites 3-/4-hydroxyphenyl propionic acid, dimethylamine, and tryptamine. At later stages of toxicity, there was evidence of kidney damage, as indicated by the tubular damage observed by histopathology, supported by increased urinary excretion of lactic acid, amino acids, and glucose. These studies have given new insights into mechanisms of ethionine-induced toxicity and show the value of multisystem level data integration in the understanding of experimental models of toxicity or disease.