gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A collection of zooplankton from Tuktoyaktuk Harbour, Northwest Territories (1982)

Forty-seven taxa of zooplankton were identified from collections taken during larval fish tows in the Tuktoyaktuk region. The zooplankton fauna consists of three components: a small number of common species characteristic of brackish water and a large number of rare species of either freshwater or marine affinities. Eurytemora gracilicauda Akatova l949, E. raboti Richard 1897, and E. richingsi Heron &amp;Damkaer 1976 are newly recorded from Canada.
Effective Collaborations: How to Protect Yourself, Your Collaborators, and Your Data (2011)

Scientific self-defense! Two long-time collaborators share their experiences and discuss the best and worst of scientific collaborations, how to protect you and your data.
Neurotransmitter transport: Models in flux (1998)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Comparison of electrical and optical detection of spin injection inL10-FePt/MgO/GaAs hybrid structures (2015)

We have investigated comparative experiments for spin injection into semiconductor in an ordered L10-FePt/MgO/n-GaAs hybrid structure using electrical and optical detection methods. Spatial-resolved Kerr rotation microscope image clearly demonstrates accumulation of perpendicularly oriented spins in an n-GaAs channel at zero magnetic field. On the other hand, electrical three-terminal Hanle measurement shows shorter spin lifetime than that of the optical measurement. It suggests that the spin lifetime obtained from three-terminal Hanle method originates from spins at the MgO/GaAs interface but not in the bulk GaAs channel.
Electrical and Mechanical Properties of Composite Materials Based on Carbon Nanotubes for Aerospace Applications (2004)

Nanostructured materials gained great importance in the past decade, owing to their wide range of potential applications in many areas, e.g. mechanical, structura l, sensor devices, biomedical, electronics. A large interest is involved with carbon nanotubes, which can be used as a main constituent of composite materials characterized by exceptional mechanical and electrical properties, very suitable for aerospace ap plications, due to their light weight, mechanical strength and flexibility. Recent results obtained in our laboratories are presented, concerning measurements of the electrical and mechanical properties (resilience and Young Modulus, conductivity) of a po lymer matrix, reinforced with carbon nanotubes synthesized by arc discharge and other techniques. Stress and numerical analysis of aerospace structures using carbon nanotubes reinforced composite materials are presented. The evaluation of the reduction wei ght of a typical aerospace structure is discussed.
Cleavage of Focal Adhesion Kinase by Caspases during Apoptosis (1997)

Apoptotic cells undergo characteristic morphological changes that include detachment of cell attachment from the substratum and loss of cell-cell interactions. Attachment of cells to the extracellular matrix and to other cells is mediated by integrins. The interactions of integrins with the extracellular matrix activates focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and suppresses apoptosis in diverse cell types. Members of the tumor necrosis family such as Fas and Apo-2L, also known as tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), induce apoptosis in both suspension and adherent cells through the activation of caspases. These caspases, when activated, cleave substrates that are important for the maintenance of nuclear and membrane integrity. In this study, we show that FAK is sequentially cleaved into two different fragments early in Apo-2L-induced apoptosis. We also demonstrate that FAK cleavage is mediated by caspases and that FAK shows unique sensitivity to different caspases. Our results suggest that disruption of FAK may contribute to the morphological changes observed in apoptotic suspension and adherent cells.
Impact ionization, recombination, and visible light emission in AlGaAs/GaAs high electron mobility transistorsa) (1991)

This communication describes a detailed experimental investigation of light emitted from AlGaAs/GaAs high electron mobility transistors biased at high drain voltages where impact ionization occurs. We present the electroluminescence spectra in 1.1–3.1 eV energy range. The strong correlation of the integrated intensity of photons with hν≳1.7 eV with the product of hole current generated by impact ionization and of electron current indicates that the recombination process is the main mechanism for visible light emission.
Role of Survivin and Akt in Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma. Pilot study. (2007)

Deregulation of apoptosis plays an important role in normal and
malignant lymphopoesis. Survivin is a member of the inhibitor
of apoptosis (IAP) family and Akt (protein kinase B) is a
serine/threonine kinase involved in the regulation of cell
survival signals. But their role in diffuse large B-cell
lymphoma (DLBCL) has not been fully elucidated. On the other
hand, both molecules and their signaling pathways are targeted
by new investigational antineoplastic agents. We studied 46
adult patients with de novo DLBCL.The patients consisted of 29
men and 27 women with a median age of 59 years (range, 24-79).
Advanced stage (III/IV) was observed in 24 cases (52%) and the
distribution according to the IPI was as follows: low risk, 20
cases (44%); low/intermediate risk, 12 (26%); high/intermediate
risk 9 (19%); and high risk, 5 (11%). All patients were treated
with curative intent and except one case, an initial treatment
started with a chemotherapy regimen CHOP (cyclophosphamide,
doxorubicine, vincristine and prednison) with a median of 6
administrated cycles of chemotherapy. Overall response rate was
69% with a complete response (CR) in 31 patients (67%).
Patients were also divided into two groups: those with cured
disease (31 cases, 54%) and those with fatal course of disease
(21 cases, 46%). The median follow-up of the surviving patients
was 4,3 years and patients who died from progression of DLBCL
was 9 months. Imunohistochemistry was performed on
paraffin-embdded tissue sections with a monoclonal antibodies
against: Survivin, Akt-1, Akt-2, phospho-Akt-Ser-473 and
phospho-Akt-Thr-307. Except survivin, the expression was
considered positive if 5% or more of the tumor cells were
stained with the antibody, in the case of survivin the cut-off
was 20% of positive tumor cells. The Kaplan-Meier method was
used to estimate overall (OS) and relaps-free survival (RFS).
P-value was based on Gehan-Wilcoxons test or chi-square test
and P-values < 0,05 were considered significant. Tumor
expression of Survivin and phosphorylated Akt-2 on Ser-473
correlated with an inferior OS and RFS and predicted outcome in
patients with DLBCL. Thus, patients with positive expression of
Akt-2 phosphorylated on Ser-473 had a median of OS and RFS
lower compared to those who were p-Akt-Ser-473 negative (OS: 42
months vs 14 months, p<0,008; RFS: 37 months vs 9 months,
p<0,004 ). Similar data were obtained for Survivin (OS: 40
months vs 29 months, p=0,1; RFS: 40 months vs 15 months,
p<0,035). All other results were not statistical significant.
The results support the proposed key role of Survivin and Akt-2
in regulation of apoptosis with direct impact on clinical
outcome of patients with DLBCL.Both molecules are potential
targets for therapeutic intervention in DLBCL. Acknowledgment:
This project was supported by Internal Grant Agency, Ministry
of Health, Czech Republic. No.: NR/8335-3.
Distributed estimation based on game theory in energy harvesting wireless sensor networks (2014)

For stochastic unstable problems of ambient energy harvesting in wireless sensor networks, a kind of distributed estimation algorithms based on perfect and complete information extensive game theory is proposed. A quantized distributed estimation problem is under investigation. Firstly, the ambient energy harvesting model and the energy consumption model of nodes are analyzed. Then, its extensive game theory model and game tree are both developed. Further, the existence and its solution of the refined Nash equilibrium of sub-game theory are discussed. Lastly, simulations show that the proposed algorithm can better deal with the random disturbance of ambient energy than the conventional distributed estimation scheme.
Host-Parasite Interactions in Staphylococcus aureus Keratitis (2002)

Ulcerative keratitis is among the leading ocular bacterial infections, and Streptococcus aureus accounts for approximately 25% of cases in some surveys. Although S. aureus expresses numerous virulence factors, many of which are under the control of staphylococcal global regulatory genes, their pathophysiologic roles in keratitis are largely unknown. Similarly, the nature of the host response during S. aureus keratitis is unclear. Following a review of previously published research on the pathophysiology of S. aureus ocular infection, we present the results of a study designed to assess the host-parasite relationship between S. aureus and human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) in vitro. In this model system, a wild-type S. aureus strain and its isogenic mutants harboring mutations in agr and sar global regulatory genes or fibronectin-binding proteins A and B (fnbAB) were tested for their ability to bind and invade confluent HCEC monolayers. The contribution of host cell factors was assessed by preincubating HCECs with various inhibitory agents. These studies demonstrated that S. aureus not only adhered to the surface of HCECs but was also internalized, as has been previously observed in other nonocular cell lines. Adherence and invasion of HCECs was saturable at 1 h of incubation in the presence of approximately 10(7) CFU per HCEC monolayer (multiplicity of infection approximately 10). A mutant defective in both agr and sar global regulators was not significantly different in invasive capacity compared to its isogenic wild-type parent strain. In contrast, mutations in fibronectin-binding proteins A and B (fnbAB) reduced the invasiveness of S. aureus by 99% compared to the wild-type strain. Pretreatment of HCECs with colchicine had little effect on S. aureus invasion. In sharp contrast, cytochalasin D and genistein were each capable of inhibiting invasion by >99%. In summary, the results of this study point to fibronectin-binding protein as a key S. aureus surface adhesin facilitating invasion of HCECs in vitro. Furthermore, these results suggest an active mechanism for S. aureus internalization by HCECs, likely involving actin polymerization and tyrosine kinase activity. Additional studies are warranted to determine the applicability of these findings in vivo, and to facilitate the rational design of therapeutic agents aimed at blocking the establishment and progression of S. aureus keratitis.
Binding of the von Willebrand Factor A Domain of Capillary Morphogenesis Protein 2 to Anthrax Protective Antigen Vaccine Reduces Immunogenicity in Mice (2020)

Protective antigen (PA) is a component of anthrax toxin that can elicit toxin-neutralizing antibody responses. PA is also the major antigen in the current vaccine to prevent anthrax, but stability problems with recombinant proteins have complicated the development of new vaccines containing recombinant PA. The relationship between antigen physical stability and immunogenicity is poorly understood, but there are theoretical reasons to think that this parameter can affect immune responses. We investigated the immunogenicity of anthrax PA, in the presence and absence of the soluble von Willebrand factor A domain of the human form of receptor capillary morphogenesis protein 2 (sCMG2), to elicit antibodies to PA in BALB/c mice. Prior studies showed that sCMG2 stabilizes the 83-kDa PA structure to pH, chemical denaturants, temperature, and proteolysis and slows the hydrogen-deuterium exchange rate of histidine residues far from the binding interface. In contrast to a vaccine containing PA without adjuvant, we found that mice immunized with PA in stable complex with sCMG2 showed markedly reduced antibody responses to PA, including toxin-neutralizing antibodies and antibodies to domain 4, which correlated with fewer toxin-neutralizing antibodies. In contrast, mice immunized with PA in concert with a nonbinding mutant of sCMG2 (D50A) showed anti-PA antibody responses similar to those observed with PA alone. Our results suggest that addition of sCMG2 to a PA vaccine formulation is likely to result in a significantly diminished immune response, but we discuss the multitude of factors that could contribute to reduced immunogenicity.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> The anthrax toxin PA is the major immunogen in the current anthrax vaccine (anthrax vaccine adsorbed). Improving the anthrax vaccine for avoidance of a cold chain necessitates improvements in the thermodynamic stability of PA. We address how stabilizing PA using sCMG2 affects PA immunogenicity in BALB/c mice. Although the stability of PA is increased by binding to sCMG2, PA immunogenicity is decreased. This study emphasizes that, while binding of a ligand retains or improves conformational stability without affecting the native sequence, epitope recognition or processing may be affected, abrogating an effective immune response.
Effects of additive manufacturing on capillary-driven fluid flow for provision of water and nutrients to free floating plants (2018)

Brett Shaffer, University of Colorado Boulder
Nuclear factor-kappa B localization and function within intrauterine tissues from term and preterm labor and cultured fetal membranes (2010)

These results suggest that the decidua is an important site of NF-kappaB regulation in fetal membranes, and that mechanisms other than cytoplasmic sequestration may limit NF-kappaB activation prior to term.
A generalized methodology for estimating minimum fluidization velocity at elevated pressure and temperature (1985)

Abstract A generalized methodology for estimating minimum fluidization velocity at elevated pressure and temperature was developed on the basis of a general correlation for pressure drop through fixed beds of spherical particles proposed by Barnea and Mizrahi (1973) and extended by Barnea and Mednick (1975). Comparison with experimental results shows good agreement.
On transferring spatial filters in a brain reading scenario (2011)

Machine learning approaches are increasingly used in brain-machine-interfaces to allow automatic adaptation to user-specific brain patterns. One of the most crucial factors for the practical success of these systems is that this adaptation can be achieved with a minimum amount of training data since training data needs to be recorded during a calibration procedure prior to the actual usage session. To this end, one promising approach is to reuse models based on data recorded in preceding sessions of the same or of other users. In this paper, we investigate under which conditions it is favorable to reuse models (more specifically spatial filters) trained on data from historic sessions compared to learning new spatial filters on the current session's calibration data. We present an empirical study in a scenario in which Brain Reading, a particular kind of brain-machine-interface, is used to support robotic telemanipulation.
LTE Self‐Organising Networks (SON) (2011)

Covering the key functional areas of LTE Self-Organising Networks (SON), this book introduces the topic at an advanced level before examining the state-of-the-art concepts. The required background on LTE network scenarios, technologies and general SON concepts is first given to allow readers with basic knowledge of mobile networks to understand the detailed discussion of key SON functional areas (self-configuration, -optimisation, -healing). Later, the book provides details and references for advanced readers familiar with LTE and SON, including the latest status of 3GPP standardisation.Based on the defined next generation mobile networks (NGMN) and 3GPP SON use cases, the book elaborates to give the full picture of a SON-enabled system including its enabling technologies, architecture and operation. Heterogeneous networks including different cell hierarchy levels and multiple radio access technologies as a new driver for SON are also discussed.Introduces the functional areas of LTE SON (self-optimisation, -configuration and healing) and its standardisation, also giving NGMN and 3GPP use casesExplains the drivers, requirements, challenges, enabling technologies and architectures for a SON-enabled systemCovers multi-technology (2G/3G) aspects as well as core network and end-to-end operational aspectsWritten by experts who have been contributing to the development and standardisation of the LTE self-organising networks concept since its inceptionExamines the impact of new network architectures (Heterogeneous Networks) to network operation, for example multiple cell layers and radio access technologies
Lack of Evidence for Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone Deamidation in Normal and Hyperthyroid Human Sera* (1979)

Two-hour incubations of human serum with 50 ng TRH or pyroglutamyl-histidyl-proline (TRH-OH) were performed under substrate conditions of 0.2 microgram substrate/ml serum. During incubations with normal serum, 46.3 +/- 1.3 (SEM) ng TRH were degraded while only 14.2 +/- 5.1 ng TRH-OH were degraded (P less than 0.001). During incubations with serum from patients with hyperthyroidism, 42.7 +/- 2.6 ng TRH were degraded compared to only 19.6 +/- 2.0 ng TRH-OH (P less than 0.001). Despite the fact that TRH degradation was significantly greater than TRH-OH degradation in both normal and hyperthyroid serum, no formation of TRH-OH (less than 3.1 ng/incubation tube) from TRH was detected. Formation of TRH-OH from TRH was also not noted when normal or hyperthyroid serum was incubated with TRH at substrate concentrations of 62.5 microgram/ml serum. These data confirm other reports that TRH deamidation does not occur in normal serum and extends this observation to hyperthyroid serum.
Constructing spanning trees for efficient multi-robot coverage (2006)

This paper discusses the problem of building efficient coverage paths for a team of robots. An efficient multirobot coverage algorithm should result in a coverage path for every robot, such that the union of all paths generates a full coverage of the terrain and the total coverage time is minimized. A method, underlying several coverage algorithms, suggests the use of spanning trees as base for creating coverage paths. Current studies assume that the spanning tree is given, and try to make the most out of the given configuration. However, overall performance of the coverage is heavily dependent on the given spanning tree. This paper tackles the open challenge of constructing a coverage spanning tree that minimizes the time to complete coverage. We argue that the choice of the initial spanning tree has far reaching consequences concerning the coverage time, and if the tree is constructed appropriately, it could considerably reduce the coverage time of the terrain. Therefore the problem studied here is finding spanning trees that would decrease the coverage time of the terrain when used as base for multi-robot coverage algorithms. The main contributions of this paper are twofold. First, it provides initial sound discussion and results concerning the construction of the tree as a crucial base for any efficient coverage algorithm. Second, it describes a polynomial-time tree construction algorithm that, as shown in extensive simulations, dramatically improves the coverage time even when used as a basis for a simple, inefficient, coverage algorithm
Engineering Calreticulin-Targeting Monobodies to Detect Immunogenic Cell Death in Cancer Chemotherapy (2021)

Surface-exposed calreticulin (ecto-CRT) plays a crucial role in the phagocytic removal of apoptotic cells during immunotherapy. Ecto-CRT is an immunogenic signal induced in response to treatment with chemotherapeutic agents such as doxorubicin (DOX) and mitoxantrone (MTX), and two peptides (KLGFFKR (Integrin-α) and GQPMYGQPMY (CRT binding peptide 1, Hep-I)) are known to specifically bind CRT. To engineer CRT-specific monobodies as agents to detect immunogenic cell death (ICD), we fused these peptide sequences at the binding loops (BC and FG) of human fibronectin domain III (FN3). CRT-specific monobodies were purified from <i>E. coli</i> by affinity chromatography. Using these monobodies, ecto-CRT was evaluated in vitro, in cultured cancer cell lines (CT-26, MC-38, HeLa, and MDA-MB-231), or in mice after anticancer drug treatment. Monobodies with both peptide sequences (CRT3 and CRT4) showed higher binding to ecto-CRT than those with a single peptide sequence. The binding affinity of the Rluc8 fusion protein-engineered monobodies (CRT3-Rluc8 and CRT4-Rluc8) to CRT was about 8 nM, and the half-life in serum and tumor tissue was about 12 h. By flow cytometry and confocal immunofluorescence of cancer cell lines, and by in vivo optical bioluminescence imaging of tumor-bearing mice, CRT3-Rluc8 and CRT4-Rluc8 bound specifically to ecto-CRT and effectively detected pre-apoptotic cells after treatment with ICD-inducing agents (DOX and MTX) but not a non-ICD-inducing agent (gemcitabine). Using CRT-specific monobodies, it is possible to detect ecto-CRT induction in cancer cells in response to drug exposure. This technique may be used to predict the therapeutic efficiency of chemo- and immuno-therapeutics early during anticancer treatment.
Conformation‐Tuning Effect of Asymmetric Small Molecule Acceptors on Molecular Packing, Interaction, and Photovoltaic Performance (2020)

Understanding the conformation effect on molecular packing, miscibility, and photovoltaic performance is important to open a new avenue for small-molecule acceptor (SMA) design. Herein, two novel acceptor-(donor-acceptor1-donor)-acceptor (A-DA1D-A)-type asymmetric SMAs are developed, namely C-shaped BDTP-4F and S-shaped BTDTP-4F. The BDTP-4F-based polymer solar cells (PSCs) with PM6 as donor, yields a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.24%, significantly higher than that of the BTDTP-4F-based device (13.12%). The better PCE for BDTP-4F-based device is mainly attributed to more balanced charge transport, weaker bimolecular recombination, and more favorable morphology. Additionally, two traditional A-D-A-type SMAs (IDTP-4F and IDTTP-4F) are also synthesized to investigate the conformation effect on morphology and device performance. Different from the device result above, here, IDTP-4F with S-shape conformation outperforms than IDTTP-4F with C-shape conformation. Importantly, it is found that for these two different types of SMA, the better performing binary blend has similar morphological characteristics. Specifically, both PM6:BDTP-4F and PM6:IDTP-4F blend exhibit perfect nanofibril network structure with proper domain size, obvious face-on orientation and enhance donor-acceptor interactions, thereby better device performance. This work indicates tuning molecular conformation plays pivotal role in morphology and device effciciency, shining a light on the molecular design of the SMAs.
ICDAR 2013 Robust Reading Competition (2013)

This report presents the final results of the ICDAR 2013 Robust Reading Competition. The competition is structured in three Challenges addressing text extraction in different application domains, namely born-digital images, real scene images and real-scene videos. The Challenges are organised around specific tasks covering text localisation, text segmentation and word recognition. The competition took place in the first quarter of 2013, and received a total of 42 submissions over the different tasks offered. This report describes the datasets and ground truth specification, details the performance evaluation protocols used and presents the final results along with a brief summary of the participating methods.