gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monolithic Nanosecond-Reconfigurable 4$\,\times\,$4 Space and Wavelength Selective Cross-Connect (2012)

A monolithic InGaAsP/InP 4 × 4 cross-connect is designed, fabricated and demonstrated. Each of the four inputs fan out to two stages of semiconductor optical amplifier-based gates to perform broadband-input-selection and wavelength-specific-selection. Stages of parallel cyclic arrayed waveguide grating routers and wavelength-agnostic fan-ins allow independent electronically controlled routing of four unique wavelength channels between the four inputs and outputs. The circuit is realized within a 15 mm area on a multi-project wafer. Circuit performance is evaluated by resolving optical power loss within the circuit to show component level performance at and close to design specification. Data routing experiments for wavelength multiplexed signals are performed and quantified in terms of optical power penalty. Multi-path routing is performed with both co- and counter-propagating data. Bi-directional and fast reconfigurable routing is similarly quantified. Low power penalty of less than 1 dB is measured for the simultaneous routing of data over multiple circuit paths.
Associations between Functional FCGR2A R131H and FCGR3A F158V Polymorphisms and Responsiveness to TNF Blockers in Spondyloarthropathy, Psoriasis and Crohn’s Disease: A Meta-Analysis (2016)

FCGR3A V and FCGR2A R allele carriers show better responsiveness to anti-TNF-α therapy in patients with follow-up times ≥6 months.
Humming feature extraction based on locality statistical analysis (2016)

This paper presents a novel humming feature extraction algorithm based on locality statistical analysis to tackle the problem of the instability of humming features in the query by humming (QBH) system. By carrying out statistics to humming notes sequences in both longitudinal vocal range distribution and horizontal temporal variation distribution, we can obtain the locality statistical humming features. And we concatenate several features using the idea of N-gram to improve feature discrimination. In the framework of QBH based on Locality Sensitive Hashing (LSH), the proposed method has achieves 86% top-1 rate and 92% top-5 rate in the experiment, indicating the effectiveness of the method.
Neuroprotective Effects of Virally Delivered HSPs in Experimental Stroke (2005)

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are molecular chaperones with essential roles in modulating the proteolytic machinery and accelerating cell repair. Heat shock protein overexpression has been observed in vivo and in vitro under stresses including heat, nutrient deprivation and ischemia. Experiments in in vivo models of stroke indicate that transgenically overexpressed or virally delivered HSPs can enhance cell survival, but cannot always reduce lesion size. This study aims to assess the effects of virally delivered HSPs in a rat middle cerebral artery occlusion model of reversible focal cerebral ischemia using noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging. Attenuated herpes simplex virus carrying HSP27, HSP70, or a LacZ control was microinjected into the striatum 3 days before ischemia. Multislice T(2)-weighted images at 24 h after ischemia indicated that lesion volume was reduced by 44% in HSP27-treated animals compared with controls (P = 0.019). No significant differences were found between HSP70-treated and control animals (P = 0.88). Immunohistochemistry and Western blots revealed that HSP27 and HSP70 expression levels were equally high in injected hemispheres, but only the former had an effect on lesion size. This is the first evidence of the efficacy of gene therapy with any viral vector expressing HSP27 in an experimental model of stroke.
Highly reinforced and degradable lignocellulose biocomposites by polymerization of new polyester oligomers (2022)

Unbleached wood fibers and nanofibers are environmentally friendly bio-based candidates for material production, in particular, as reinforcements in polymer matrix biocomposites due to their low density and potential as carbon sink during the materials production phase. However, producing high reinforcement content biocomposites with degradable or chemically recyclable matrices is troublesome. Here, we address this issue with a new concept for facile and scalable in-situ polymerization of polyester matrices based on functionally balanced oligomers in pre-formed lignocellulosic networks. The idea enabled us to create high reinforcement biocomposites with well-dispersed mechanically undamaged fibers or nanocellulose. These degradable biocomposites have much higher mechanical properties than analogs in the literature. Reinforcement geometry (fibers at 30 µm or fibrils at 10-1000 nm diameter) influenced the polymerization and degradation of the polyester matrix. Overall, this work opens up new pathways toward environmentally benign materials in the context of a circular bioeconomy.
Processability of rigid poly(vinyl chloride) compounds I. Evaluation of extrusiometer data (1984)

Abstract The results of the extrusiometer measurements made on a great number of different rigid poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) compositions are analyzed. The laboratory extruders used in the experiments can be considered to be isothermic. The output rate is proportional to the extrusion speed and almost independent of the composition. The other characteristics—torque, die and back pressure—significantly depend on the composition of the compounds. The back pressure proved to be proportional to the die pressure, and thus does not give additional information. Processability is well characterized by the dissipated energy which can be calculated from the difference of the total introduced mechanical energy and the energy required to transport the melt through the capillary. The dissipated energy is closely related to the fusion characteristics of the compounds.
Abstract 87: SULF2 methylation is a prognostic biomarker for lung cancer survival and increases sensitivity to camptothecin analogues via expression of ISG15 (2011)

Abstract Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) serve as co-receptors for numerous signaling molecules including growth factors and cytokines. The sulfation pattern on the heparan sulfate (HS) motif is central to the interaction between HSPGs and the myriads of molecules including interferon (INF). SULF2 encodes for HS 6-O-endosulfatase enzyme that removes the 6-O-sulfate moieties from HS and regulates the specificity of this interaction. Increased expression of SULF2 promotes angiogenic and oncogenic signaling. In hepatocellular carcinoma higher expression of SULF2 is associated with worse prognosis after resection. Conversely, we recently reported that methylation-mediated SULF2 silencing is associated better survival of resected lung cancer patients. Here we show that SULF2 methylation is also a favorable survival marker in unresectable lung cancer. Furthermore, epigenetic silencing of SULF2 suppresses cell migration and induces the expression of multiple INF-inducible genes. Knocking down 80% of SULF2 expression in Calu-3 cells using siRNA resulted in 7-fold increase in the expression of INF-inducible regulator of ubiquitination, ISG15. Similarly, lung cancer cell lines with methylated SULF2 (SULF2M) on average express 60-fold higher ISG15 than cell lines with unmethylated SULF2 (SULF2U). ISG15 is a key marker for increased sensitivity of cancer cells to topoisomerase-1 inhibitors such as camptothecin and topotecan. In vitro treatment of lung cancer cell lines with camptothecin revealed a 65-fold higher sensitivity in cell lines with SULF2M and ISG15 high (ISG15H) phenotype compared to SULF2U and ISG15 low (ISG15L) cell lines. In nude mice, 10mg/kg/week topotecan treatment dramatically arrested the growth of SULF2M and ISG15H lung cancer xenografts but had no effect on SULF2U and ISG15L xenografts. Heterogeneity for ISG15 expression was also seen in primary tumors. One third of primary lung tumors have ISG15H phenotype with an average of 5-fold higher expression than the remaining 2/3rd tumors in which the ISG15 level is comparable to normal lung. Taken together these results indicate SULF2 methylation is not only a favorable prognostic marker for lung cancer, but through its association with increased expression of ISG15 could indicate a higher sensitivity to topoisomerase-1 inhibitors. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 87. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-87
Novel flow cytometry compensation standards: Internally stained fluorescent microspheres with matched emission spectra and long-term stability (1998)

In flow cytometry, the emission spectral overlap of fluorescein and R-phycoerythrin is usually corrected by electronic color compensation using microspheres surface labeled with the same fluorochromes. However, the inherent chemical instability of these fluorochromes may cause inaccurate compensation. To overcome these problems, Compen-Flow beads, a new type of compensation standards were developed. The CompenFlow beads are a set of 6.0-microm-diameter polystyrene microspheres that are internally stained with selected BODIPY dye combinations. When excited by the 488-nm argon laser line, these beads show a nearly perfect emission spectral match to fluorescein-stained, R-phycoerythrin-stained and unstained lymphocytes, respectively. Moreover, since the dye molecules are oil soluble, they are contained inside the microsphere matrix instead of merely on the surface; thus, the molecules are shielded from environmental factors that could affect an exposed fluorochrome. Our results show a stable fluorescence spectral profile and constant intensity for at least 2 years stored either refrigerated or at room temperature.
10. Uterine Epithelial Estrogen Receptor Alpha Controls Stromal Differentiation via a Paracrine Mechanism Involving Leukemia Inhibitory Factor and Indian Hedgehog. (2012)

In mice and humans, embryo attachment to uterine epithelium is followed by differentiation of the underlying stromal cells into morphologically and functionally distinct decidual cells, which control embryonic growth and survival. Earlier studies showed that the steroid hormone 17 beta-estradiol (E), acting via estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1), controls implantation, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Recent development of a conditional Esr1-null mouse model in our laboratory showed that deletion of this gene in both epithelial and stromal compartments of the uterus leads to a complete blockade of decidualization, indicating a critical role of uterine ESR1 during this process. In the present study, in order to address the tissue compartment-specific function of ESR1 in the uterus during decidualization, we created a conditional knockout mouse WEd/d in which Esr1 is specifically ablated in the uterine luminal and glandular epithelia, but is retained in the stroma. Analysis of these mutant mice indicated that the uterine stroma failed to undergo experimentally induced decidualization. The stromal cells were able to complete mitotic expansion, but did not undergo differentiation. We postulated that the epithelia of WEd/d uteri lack a paracrine factor(s), which is critical for stromal differentiation. Indeed, we found that the production of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is markedly reduced in the glandular epithelium of WEd/d uteri. Strikingly, administration of exogenous LIF restored uterine decidualization in WEd/d mice. Our studies further revealed that LIF acts on the luminal epithelial cells to induce the expression of Indian hedgehog (IHH), which acts on the stromal cells in a paracrine manner to induce the expression of COUP-TFII, a transcription factor that promotes decidualization. Collectively, these results functionally link uterine epithelial ESR1 to stromal differentiation via a paracrine mechanism involving LIF and IHH. (Supported by U54 HD055787 as part of the NICHD/NIH Centers Program in Reproduction and Infertility Research).
Methylprednisolone or tirilazad mesylate administration after acute spinal cord injury: 1-year follow up (1998)

Object A randomized double-blind clinical trial was conducted to compare neurological and functional recovery and morbidity and mortality rates 1 year after acute spinal cord injury in patients who had received a standard 24-hour methylprednisolone regimen (24MP) with those in whom an identical MP regimen had been delivered for 48 hours (48MP) or those who had received a 48-hour tirilazad mesylate (48TM) regimen. Methods Patients for whom treatment was initiated within 3 hours of injury showed equal neurological and functional recovery in all three treatment groups. Patients for whom treatment was delayed more than 3 hours experienced diminished motor function recovery in the 24MP group, but those in the 48MP group showed greater 1-year motor recovery (recovery scores of 13.7 and 19, respectively, p = 0.053).A greater percentage of patients improving three or more neurological grades was also observed in the 48MP group (p = 0.073). In general, patients treated with 48TM recovered equally when compared with those who received 24MP treatments. A corresponding recovery in self care and sphincter control was seen but was not statistically significant. Mortality and morbidity rates at 1 year were similar in all groups. Conclusions For patients in whom MP therapy is initiated within 3 hours of injury, 24-hour maintenance is appropriate. Patients starting therapy 3 to 8 hours after injury should be maintained on the regimen for 48 hours unless there are complicating medical factors.
[Study on utero-placental circulation by pulsed-Doppler technique--blood flowmetric study in placental pores]. (1986)

The flow velocity waveform (FVW) was obtained by means of the pulsed-Doppler technique from the placental pores visualized as anechoic areas on the ultrasonic tomogram in 36 cases of singletons and 7 cases of multiple pregnancies. Utilised parameters for analysis of the sonogram were resistance index and systolic to diastolic ratio of flow velocity (S/D ratio) which were independent of the angle between the ultrasonic beam and the direction of blood flow. Diagnostic apparatus were composed of real-time sector scanner and Doppler unit with FFT analyser by which sampling points were selectable within 15 cm of depth. The FVW from the placental pores was recorded as the toward flow in the case of posteriorly attached placentas and was similar to the one from the arcuate arteries which has poor pulsatility and high diastolic flow in the normal pregnancies. There was a tendency for the increase in the gestosis index (GI) to be related to that of RI. Multiple pregnancies revealed lower RI than singletons in the same GI group. There was reverse correlation between mean birth weight and mean RI in the cases who received pulsed-Doppler examination within 2 weeks prior to delivery. The RI and S/D ratio showed a high correlation in the each cases (r = 0.99).
The Zero Resource Speech Challenge 2019: TTS without T (2019)

We present the Zero Resource Speech Challenge 2019, which proposes to build a speech synthesizer without any text or phonetic labels: hence, TTS without T (text-to-speech without text). We provide raw audio for a target voice in an unknown language (the Voice dataset), but no alignment, text or labels. Participants must discover subword units in an unsupervised way (using the Unit Discovery dataset) and align them to the voice recordings in a way that works best for the purpose of synthesizing novel utterances from novel speakers, similar to the target speaker's voice. We describe the metrics used for evaluation, a baseline system consisting of unsupervised subword unit discovery plus a standard TTS system, and a topline TTS using gold phoneme transcriptions. We present an overview of the 19 submitted systems from 10 teams and discuss the main results.
Desvendando a relação entre corrupção e participação política na América Latina: diagnóstico e impactos da exposição a atos corruptos sobre a participação política (2017)

Resumo Investigamos a relação entre corrupção e participação política na América Latina a partir da seleção de três blocos de países que se situam em baixa, intermediária e alta posições no ranking de experiência com corrupção: Chile e Uruguai, Costa Rica e Nicarágua e México e Peru. O nível de análise é individual e a fonte de dados são três rodadas de pesquisas do Barômetro das Américas: 2006 (2008) e 2010. Dentre os principais resultados, destacam-se: (1) a identificação de quatro modalidades de participação política; (2) a existência de um padrão de associação positivo entre a exposição à corrupção e engajamento em atividades participativas, sem distinção entre os três blocos de países; (3) a maior tolerância à corrupção dentre os indivíduos que possuem experiência com corrupção, independentemente dessa característica ser complementada por ativismo político.
Large-Scale Screening for Monogenic and Clinically Defined Familial Hypercholesterolemia in Iceland (2021)

Objective: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is traditionally defined as a monogenic disease characterized by severely elevated LDL-C (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) levels. In practice, FH is commonly a clinical diagnosis without confirmation of a causative mutation. In this study, we sought to characterize and compare monogenic and clinically defined FH in a large sample of Icelanders. Approach and Results: We whole-genome sequenced 49 962 Icelanders and imputed the identified variants into an overall sample of 166 281 chip-genotyped Icelanders. We identified 20 FH mutations in LDLR, APOB, and PCSK9 with combined prevalence of 1 in 836. Monogenic FH was associated with severely elevated LDL-C levels and increased risk of premature coronary disease, aortic valve stenosis, and high burden of coronary atherosclerosis. We used a modified version of the Dutch Lipid Clinic Network criteria to screen for the clinical FH phenotype among living adult participants (N=79 058). Clinical FH was found in 2.2% of participants, of whom only 5.2% had monogenic FH. Mutation-negative clinical FH has a strong polygenic basis. Both individuals with monogenic FH and individuals with mutation-negative clinical FH were markedly undertreated with cholesterol-lowering medications and only a minority attained an LDL-C target of <2.6 mmol/L (<100 mg/dL; 11.0% and 24.9%, respectively) or <1.8 mmol/L (<70 mg/dL; 0.0% and 5.2%, respectively), as recommended for primary prevention by European Society of Cardiology/European Atherosclerosis Society cholesterol guidelines. Conclusions: Clinically defined FH is a relatively common phenotype that is explained by monogenic FH in only a minority of cases. Both monogenic and clinical FH confer high cardiovascular risk but are markedly undertreated.
When is QR factorization naturally rank revealing? (1998)

Taking the QR factorization of the covariance matrix M equals X<SUP>H</SUP>X raised to increasing integer powers is shown to be equivalent to the process of Orthogonal Iteration and to converge upon a diagonal matrix with the eigenvalues of M raised to the corresponding power as its diagonal entries. This is a consequence of M being Hermitian. In addition, whereas the eigenvalues of a matrix are not in general rank-revealing, the eigenvalues of M ar as they are the squares of the singular values of X. In this way the Row-Zeroing approach to rank- revealing QR factorization is not longer defeated by the rank-deficient matrix due to Kahan. A connection is also noted with Chan's RRQR algorithm and a physical interpretation is developed for the function of Chan's permutation matrix. In practice, just a few steps of Orthogonal Iteration coupled with Row-Zeroing appears to be a very effective means of estimating the rank and signal subspace. The analytical error bounds upon the subspace estimate are much improved and as a consequence the diagonal value spectrum is sharpened, making thresholding easier and the R matrix much more naturally rank revealing. Hence it is sufficient to perform Row-Zeroing merely upon M or M<SUP>2</SUP>. As a result, insight is also provided into the LMI method favored by Nickel.
Standard potential of the mercury/mercurous acetate electrode at 25°C (1964)

A. K. Covington, P. K. Talukdar and H. R. Thirsk, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1964, 60, 412 DOI: 10.1039/TF9646000412
High‐Performance Dopamine Sensors Based on Whole‐Graphene Solution‐Gated Transistors (2013)

Solution‐gated graphene transistors with graphene as both channel and gate electrodes are fabricated for the first time and used as dopamine sensors with the detection limit down to 1 nM, which is three orders of magnitude better than that of conventional electrochemical measurements. The sensing mechanism is attributed to the change of effective gate voltage applied on the transistors induced by the electro‐oxidation of dopamine at the graphene gate electrodes. The interference from glucose, uric acid, and ascorbic acid on the dopamine sensor is characterized. The selectivity of the dopamine sensor is dramatically improved by modifying the gate electrode with a thin Nafion film by solution process. This work paves the way for developing many other biosensors based on the solution‐gated graphene transistors by specifically functionalizing the gate electrodes. Because the devices are mainly made of graphene, they are potentially low cost and ideal for high‐density integration as multifunctional sensor arrays.
Anti-apoptotic mechanisms of HIV: lessons and novel approaches to curing HIV (2012)

Past efforts at curing infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have been blocked by the resistance of some infected cells to viral cytopathic effects and the associated development of a latent viral reservoir. Furthermore, current efforts to clear the viral reservoir by means of reactivating latent virus are hampered by the lack of cell death in the newly productively infected cells. The purpose of this review is to describe the many anti-apoptotic mechanisms of HIV, as well as the current limitations in the field. Only by understanding how infected cells avoid HIV-induced cell death can an effective strategy to kill infected cells be developed.