gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biosynthesis of asteltoxin by cultures of Emericella variecolor. The role of propionate in the biosynthesis and evidence for a 1,2-bond migration in the formation of the bistetrahydrofuran moiety (1984)

The incorporation of [1-13C]propionate, (2S)-[methyl-13C]methionine, and[1,2-13C2]acetate into asteltoxin by cultures of Emericella variecolor point to the operation of two biosybthetic pathways; the arrangement of intact acetate units in aseteltoxin derived from [1,2-13C2]acetate proves that a 1,2-bond migration during the biosynthesis.
SlotSwap: strong and affordable location privacy in intelligent transportation systems (2011)

Public acceptance, and thus the economic success, of an ITS is highly dependent on the quality of deployed privacy mechanisms. In general, neither users nor operators should be able to track a given individual. One approach to facilitate this is the usage of pseudonym pools, which allow vehicles to autonomously switch between different identities. We extend this scheme with that of a time-slotted pseudonym pool of static size, reducing the storage and computation needs of the envisioned ITS while further improving users' privacy. In addition, we allow the exchange of pseudonyms between vehicles, eliminating the mapping between vehicles and pseudonyms even for the ITS operator. We support the exchange of both current and future pseudonyms, further enhancing users' privacy. We evaluate the feasibility of our approach and back up privacy claims by performing a simulative study of the system using the entropy of nodes' anonymity sets as the primary metric.
Fused lactones as a route to functionalized 1‐substituted indoles (1994)

Abstract Indole lactones 8 and 14 were synthesized as a means of functionalizing the 1‐isopropyl substituent of the indole nucleus. Lactone 8 , upon reduction with diisobutylaluminum hydride, produces lactol 9 which behaves like a masked hydroxy aldehyde and undergoes a Horner‐Emmons reaction with triethyl phosphonoacteate to give α,β‐unsaturated ester 3 which possesses a hydroxyl group on the 1‐isopropyl moiety.
Anti-stress and Anti-fatigue Effects of Fermented Rice Bran (2001)

The anti-stress and anti-fatigue effects on rats and mice of a hot water extract of rice bran fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisae IFO 2346 were investigated. Oral administration (1 g/kg/day) of the hot water extract of fermented rice bran (FRB) inhibited major changes in the weight of the adrenal, thymus, spleen and thyroid, showing an anti-stress effect. The hot water extract of FRB also inhibited increases in the GPT and LDH activity, cholesterol and glucose in the serum. The administration (1 g/kg/day) for 2 weeks significantly prolonged the swimming time, resulting in an increase in the anti-fatigue effect. It is considered from these results that FRB had anti-stress and anti-fatigue effects.
Precise estimation of the geoposition and orientation of ground-level video cameras from multiple sensors (2007)

This dissertation addresses the problem of precisely determining the geodetic position (geoposition) and orientation of multiple ground-level video cameras. Each video camera is calibrated and equipped with a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver and compass- magnetometer. The GPS receiver measures the latitude, longitude, and height above mean sea level of the video camera and the orientation of the video camera is derived from data acquired by a compass-magnetometer, which measures the pitch, roll, and yaw of the camera. Additionally, features are tracked throughout the video acquired by the calibrated camera in order to measure the relative camera motion between successive video frames. Each of the measurements from this disparate set of sensors is first mapped such that they are all relative to a common Earth-centered, Earth-fixed Cartesian coordinate frame. The uncertainty of each measurement is also propagated through this mapping. The geoposition and orientation of each camera is independently estimated from all of its associated sensor measurements. The measurements and their associated uncertainties are input at different frequencies and are sometimes incomplete due to GPS dropouts, corrupt video frames, etc., yet the recursive estimation process uses these multiple measurements to reliably calculate the most probable geoposition and orientation with quantified uncertainty at each video frame. Further, if multiple cameras are imaging the same region of a scene, cross-camera feature correspondences are established using a combination of guided matching and robust feature comparison. The resulting independent observations of corresponding features contained in the scene are used to jointly estimate the maximum likelihood of the geoposition and orientation of all cameras imaging the same region of a scene for which feature correspondences have been established. This yields decreased relative errors between the cameras, resulting in more precise estimates of the geoposition and orientation of the cameras. This approach scales well and allows the video cameras to be located anywhere in the proximity of the Earth
Power dissipation in composite Ag/Bi-2223 tapes with twisted and untwisted filaments (2001)

Power dissipation in a set of multifilamentary Bi2223 silver sheathed composite tapes (with 61 filaments) was measured using AC magnetization and transport loss measurement techniques. In order to decrease the interfilamentary bridging and thus electromagnetic coupling, the space between filaments was considerably increased. The tape samples used in this study were with twisted (twist pitch 15 mm) and untwisted filaments. Critical currents were of the order of 55 Amps, as measured by a standard four-point technique, and corresponds to a critical current density of approximately 9 kA cm/sup -2/. The AC transport current losses were measured by a standard four-point lock-in method; in the range of-the transport current frequency of 40-160 Hz. The magnetization loss measurements were performed in a sinusoidally varying external magnetic field, at the frequency range of 11 to 155 Hz. The external magnetic field was oriented parallel to the plane of a tape. The obtained results are compared with theoretical predictions of the critical state model.
The significance of diagnosing associated clonal mast cell diseases in patients with venom‐induced anaphylaxis and the role of bone marrow investigation (2013)

Hymenoptera venom allergy (HVA) represents a particular risk for exceptionally severe anaphylactic sting reactions in patients with clonal mast cell disorders (CMD). Nevertheless, conventional investigations are not sufficient to do accurate risk assessments. Increased levels of baseline serum tryptase (sBT) (>11.4 μg/L) is highly associated with severe anaphylactic reactions and with a possible underlying CMD. The measurement of baseline serum tryptase, thus, has opened the possibility to screen for CMD. In the present study, we sought to investigate whether bone marrow evaluation provides more accurate diagnosis in patients with HVA.Three patients of the same sex and similar age with HVA were enrolled in this clinical study. The patients underwent comprehensive allergy work-up including skin prick testing, measurements of serum total IgE concentrations and baseline serum tryptase. Bone-marrow biopsies were also performed in all three patients to assess underlying CMD.We evaluated characteristics of the bone marrow mast cells by pathology, flow cytometry and detection of D816V mutation by using current WHO-criteria, which led to changes in the final diagnosis compared to the assessments done by classical allergy work-up and measurements of sBT. Three distinct diagnostic outcomes including systemic mastocytosis, monoclonal mast cell activation syndrome and non-clonal HVA were revealed.We conclude that a bone marrow investigation is required for the correct diagnosis of hymenoptera venom-induced anaphylactic reactions in patients with elevated baseline tryptase levels (>11.4 μg/L), and this has important implications for management strategies.
Lake hydrology, water quality and ecology impacts of altered river–lake interactions: advances in research on the middle Yangtze river (2016)

Water and mass exchange between rivers and lakes are key processes that maintain the health of the ecology of river–lake systems. Alteration to river–lake interactions have great impacts on water and mass balances. Naturally connected to the middle Yangtze River are the Poyang Lake and Dongting Lake, which are the largest and the second largest freshwater lakes in China. The operation of the Three Gorges Dam (TGD) in the upper Yangtze River was found to have substantial impacts on the middle Yangtze river–lake system. In the past decade, unusual seasonal dryness was evident in the two lakes. Considerable deviations in lake water quality and wetland ecosystem were also detected. In order to explore and distinguish the causal factors influencing the river–lake system, the Ministry of Sciences and Technology (China) launched a research project in 2012, the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (2012CB417000). This article provides an overview of advances in this research, including the evolution of the river–lake interactions, the impacts of the TGD, and the influences on lake hydrology, water quality, and ecosystem. The 20 papers in this issue deliver part of the research outcomes of this project.
Damarane-type Saponins from Gynostemma Longipes and their Cytotoxic Activity (2015)

Two new damarane-type saponins, named gylongiposides II-III (1 and 2), along with one known compound, (23S)-3β,20ξ,21ξ-trihydroxy-19-oxo-21,23-epoxydammar-24-ene 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-[-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->3)]-α-L-arabinopyranoside, were isolated from the leaves of Gynostemma longipes C.Y.Wu. Their structures were determined by 1D- and 2D-NMR and HR-ESI-MS spectra. Compounds 1-3 exhibited moderate activity against four human cancer cell lines, A-549, HT-29, OVCAR, and MCF-7, with IC50 values ranging from 9.8 +/- 2.1 to 49.6 +/- 2.6 μM.
Non-Contact NDT of Concrete Structures Using Air -Coupled Sensors (2006)

Elastic wave-based non-destructive test (NDT) methods are effective for detecting flaws&#13;\nin concrete structures. With the recent developments in computing hardware and software,&#13;\nimaging techniques have become very popular in NDT applications. However the&#13;\napplication of elastic wave-based imaging methods for concrete structures is severely limited&#13;\nby the physical coupling between sensors and concrete surface, which reduces testing&#13;\nefficiency. In this report, the air-coupled sensing technique is proposed as a solution to&#13;\nimprove the efficiency of elastic wave-based test methods for concrete structures.&#13;\nTheoretical analyses are first conducted to study the propagation of leaky Rayleigh&#13;\nwaves in fluid-solid half spaces. Closed-form solutions of the Green???s function are derived&#13;\nfor pressure and displacement in both the fluid and solid. This analysis provides theoretical&#13;\nbackground necessary for practical air-coupled sensing of leaky Rayleigh waves&#13;\nin concrete. The theory is also extended to underwater NDT applications.&#13;\nTwo applications of air-coupled sensing are considered. One is air-coupled leaky&#13;\nsurface wave sensing in concrete. A laboratory study and field tests demonstrate that&#13;\nair-coupled sensors are very effective for sensing leaky surface waves in concrete. The&#13;\nsensitivity and accuracy of air-coupled sensors are comparable to contact sensors. Aircoupled&#13;\nsensors are suitable replacement for contact sensors in SASW and MASW tests&#13;\nand moreover help improve test efficiency. In addition, the contact-less nature of aircoupled&#13;\nsensing enables the study of the effect of defects on wave attenuation. The experimental&#13;\nresults show leaky Rayleigh waves are sensitive to the existence of cracks in&#13;\nconcrete when waves propagate across cracks; the crack positions are clearly located in a&#13;\n2-D scanning test image.&#13;\nThe second application is air-coupled impact-echo. Two reinforced concrete slabs&#13;\ncontaining different types of defects were inspected using an air-coupled impact test testing&#13;\nscheme. 2-D scanning impact-echo tests were conducted over the slab containing&#13;\nvoids and delaminations. The 2-D scanning image clearly shows the location of embedded&#13;\ndefects, and their depths are also determined. Air-coupled impact-echo is also applied&#13;\nto examine the grouting condition of embedded ducts. The poorly-grouted and ungrouted&#13;\nsections are identified within the metal duct.
Large-Scale Plasmonic Pyramidal Supercrystals via Templated Self-Assembly of Monodisperse Gold Nanospheres (2017)

Three-dimensional supercrystals of plasmonic nanoparticles are a novel class of materials with exciting applications in technologies such as light harvesting or metamaterials. However, their realization relies on extraordinarily regular colloidal building blocks and accurate self-assembly methods. We present here a simple and up-scalable protocol for the synthesis of smooth gold nanospheres with high monodispersity in size and sphericity. The synthesis involves rapid growth up to the desired size and subsequent removal of surface roughness via an efficient etching step, so that nanospheres with diameters ranging between 10 and 110 nm can be obtained in large quantities. Upon functionalization with thiolated polyethylene glycol and low surfactant concentration, Au nanospheres were employed as building blocks to produce uniform arrays of micron-sized 3D pyramidal supercrystals over large areas, by means of a template-assisted approach. Focused ion beam cutting and SEM characterization revealed a face-centered cubic lattice within individual pyramidal supercrystals.
The Revision of Canon Law and the Third World Churches (1980)

Once again post-conciliar Synod of the Bishops of the Catholic Church has gathered in Rome. The subject matter of the synodal discussions is the Christian family in the modem world. But underlying that issue is much more serious problem that is finally surfacing more and more, namely - what is going to be the shape of the Church in the future. The rather meager reports filtering through to the press have already made this apparent. In major intervention, Archbishop John R. Quinn of San Francisco called for an honest re-examination of the birth control problem, stating very clearly that, a large number of men and women of good will do not accept the (Church) teaching on the intrinsic evil of each and every use of contraceptives; this problem is not going to be solved or reduced merely by simple reiteration of past formulations or by ignoring the fact of dissent. Thus, for the first time, member of the hierarchy, speaking on behalf of many of his fellow bishops, has dared to re-examine publicly an issue that was supposed to have been settled by the papal pronouncement in the Encyclical, Humanae Vitae. As could have been expected, this intervention met with sharp rejoinder the following day from Cardinal Pericle Felici, conservative curial cardinal, who, in characteristic Roman curial fashion, replied: I consider the document closed. There is no need of rediscussing it, no need to pay attention to statistics because statistics don't signify anything. But the sensitive topic of contraception which particularly occupies the American church was not the only surprising intervention.
The X-band klystron program at SLAC (1996)

The X-band rf source development at SLAC can be considered a qualified success. A total of twelve klystrons were built. Six of them are still in use. The latest tube, XL4, produced 75 MW at an efficiency of 47.5 percent. However, victory cannot be declared as yet, since an NLC prototype has not been fully designed and the decision between permanent magnet focusing and a super-conducting solenoid has not been formally made. Daryl Sprehn`s paper will present the status of the PPM klystron development. The authors believe that a PPM X-band source will work, at 50 as well as at 75 megawatts. But they are prepared to adapt the XL4 design to a super-conducting solenoid, should the PPM klystron develop unexpected problems. The SLAC program is now in its seventh year. It may well be the longest and most expensive microwave tube development on record, in a government laboratory or in industry. Direct and related costs for the total effort are probably of the order of $10 million. In these circumstances it is perhaps not surprising that it has been possible to produce a klystron with the performance of XL4. At the same time, it must be said that the necessary leap in technology from the SLAC 60-megawatt S-band production klystrons to a klystron of comparable performance at four times the frequency could not be realized without some very careful experimentation and, most importantly, without the infrastructure for tube fabrication and testing available at SLAC. The design of an 11.4 GHz 50--100 MW klystron, with microsecond pulses and a pulse repetition frequency of 180 Hz presents a number of technical challenges which are listed here.
Direct Evidence for Intermolecular Oxidative Addition of σ(SiSi) Bonds to Gold (2013)

Oxidative addition plays a major role in transition-metal catalysis, but this elementary step remains very elusive in gold chemistry. It is now revealed that in the presence of GaCl3, phosphine gold chlorides promote the oxidative addition of disilanes at low temperature. The ensuing bis(silyl) gold(III) complexes were characterized by quantitative (31)P and (29)Si NMR spectroscopy. Their structures (distorted Y shape) and the reaction profile of σ(Si-Si) bond activation were analyzed by DFT calculations. These results provide evidence for the intermolecular oxidative addition of σ(Si-Si) bonds to gold and open promising perspectives for the development of new gold-catalyzed redox transformations.
Microwave Absorption Properties of Mn–Co–Sn Doped Barium Ferrite Nanoparticles (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Substituted barium ferrite BaFe<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$_{9}$</tex> </formula>(Mn<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$_{0.5}$</tex> </formula>Co<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$_{0.5}$</tex> </formula>Sn)<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$_{3/2}$</tex> </formula>O<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$_{19}$</tex> </formula> was prepared by sol-gel method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), AC susceptometer, vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and vector network analyzer were used to analyze the structure, static and dynamic magnetic properties of the prepared samples. The prepared ferrite particles possess irregular non spherical shape with a broad size distribution. The substitution was very effective in reducing coercive field of the material. Based on microwave measurements of reflectivity, BaFe<formula formulatype="inline"> <tex Notation="TeX">$_{9}$</tex></formula>(Mn<formula formulatype="inline"> <tex Notation="TeX">$_{0.5}$</tex></formula>Co<formula formulatype="inline"> <tex Notation="TeX">$_{0.5}$</tex></formula>Sn)<formula formulatype="inline"> <tex Notation="TeX">$_{3/2}$</tex></formula>O<formula formulatype="inline"> <tex Notation="TeX">$_{19}$</tex></formula> is a good candidate for electromagnetic compatibility and other practical applications at high frequencies. </para>
Multicast Routing Protocols in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks: A Comparative Survey and Taxonomy (2009)

Multicasting plays a crucial role in many applications of mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). It can significantly improve the performance of these networks, the channel capacity (in mobile ad hoc networks, especially single-channel ones, capacity is a more appropriate term than bandwidth, capacity is measured in bits/s and bandwidth in Hz) and battery power of which are limited. In the past couple of years, a number of multicast routing protocols have been proposed. In spite of being designed for the same networks, these protocols are based on different design principles and have different functional features when they are applied to the multicast problem. This paper presents a coherent survey of existing multicasting solutions for MANETs. It presents various classifications of the current multicast routing protocols, discusses their operational features, along with their advantages and limitations, and provides a comparison of their characteristics according to several distinct features and performance parameters. Moreover, this paper proposes classifying the existing multicast protocols into three categories according to their layer of operation, namely, the network layer, the application layer, and the MAC layer. It also extends the existing classification system and presents a comparison between them.
Distinct evolution of type I glutamine synthetase in Plasmodium and its species-specific requirement (2023)

Malaria parasite lacks canonical pathways for amino acid biosynthesis and depends primarily on hemoglobin degradation and extracellular resources for amino acids. Interestingly, a putative gene for glutamine synthetase (GS) is retained despite glutamine being an abundant amino acid in human and mosquito hosts. Here we show Plasmodium GS has evolved as a unique type I enzyme with distinct structural and regulatory properties to adapt to the asexual niche. Methionine sulfoximine (MSO) and phosphinothricin (PPT) inhibit parasite GS activity. GS is localized to the parasite cytosol and abundantly expressed in all the life cycle stages. Parasite GS displays species-specific requirement in Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) having asparagine-rich proteome. Targeting PfGS affects asparagine levels and inhibits protein synthesis through eIF2α phosphorylation leading to parasite death. Exposure of artemisinin-resistant Pf parasites to MSO and PPT inhibits the emergence of viable parasites upon artemisinin treatment.
The role of stress-induced anisotropy in longitudinal thin film magnetic recording media (1996)

Measurements of stress and magnetostriction have been made in longitudinal CoCrTa magnetic recording media. The stress in Cr and CoCrTa/Cr films deposited onto grooved substrates is higher parallel to the grooves compared to perpendicular to the grooves by up to a few hundred MPa. Combined with a magnetostriction coefficient of −3×10−5 in CoCr10Ta6/Cr, magnetostriction makes a contribution to the in-plane anisotropy observed in such media.
ChemInform Abstract: Hole Delocalization in Oxidized Cerium(IV) Porphyrin Sandwich Complexes. (1988)

Abstract Optical absorption, ESR, and RR spectra for the one‐electron oxidation products of the sandwich compounds (I), in conjunction with electrochemical measurements, indicate that the holes of both oxidized species are delocalized on the vibrational and probably the electronic time scales.
Field demonstration of 100-Gb/s real-time coherent optical OFDM detection (2014)

The field demonstration of 100-Gb/s real-time CO-OFDM detection is reported for the first time. The paper includes the lowest BER of 5×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-9</sup> for the back-back transmission and the successful 496-km transmission over field installed fiber.