gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Caplan's Syndrome Presenting as Multiple Pulmonary Nodules (2011)

We report a case of Caplan's Syndrome, which presented as multiple pulmonary nodules. A 58-year-old male was admitted to hospital due to multiple pulmonary nodules. In addition, the patient presented with multiple arthritis, and dyspnea on exertion. Rheumatoid arthritis had been diagnosed 35 years ago. The patient had worked as a stonemason for 20 years. Computed Tomography (CT) revealed numerous well-defined tiny nodules scattered in both lungs, which was suspicious of miliary tuberculosis or malignancy. The patient was started on antituberculous medications and referred to our hospital. First, a transbronchial lung biopsy was performed, which showed no evidence of granuloma. It was our opinion that the biopsy was insufficient, and a follow-up video-associated thoracoscopy was performed. The pathological report determined necrotizing granulomatous inflammation and silicosis on background. According to imaging studies, pathologic reports, and clinical symptoms, we concluded that the patient had Caplan's syndrome. We controlled his rheumatic medications, and instructed him to avoid exposure to hazardous dust
Effects of NALR on consonant-vowel perception (2013)

Consonant vowel (CV) identification experiments in masking noise with 16 hearing-impaired (HI) ears at two different gain conditions, i.e., flat- gain (FG) and spectral correction (National Acoustic Laboratory Revised prescriptive procedure, NALR), were administered (Han, 2011). In both gain conditions, listeners were directed to adjust the presentation level to their most comfortable loudness (MCL). MCL testing runs contrary to the common approach of adjusting the presentation level, depending on the pure tone thresholds (PTTs) and the long term average speech spectrum (LTASS) (Posner and Ventry, 1977; Zurek and Delhorne, 1987). The results, however, prove that for speech testing MCL is justified. A more rigorous definition for audibility based on entropy in recognition experiments is provided. Furthermore, the effectiveness of NALR for CV perception is investigated. The average error went down from 20.1% (σ = 3.7) to 16.3% (σ = 2.8). For 50.5% of the token1-ear pairs (TEPs) the error and entropy both went down, while for 15.1% of the TEPs the entropy and error went up with NALR. In order to evaluate statistically siginificant effects of NALR, the confusion matrix data were clustered, and the number of ears which switched clusters when NALR was applied were investigated. In addition, the subjects’ confusions under both conditions were studied and compared to the confusions of other HI and normal-hearing (NH) subjects.
Corrosion Resistance of Al-Mg-Si Aluminum Alloy Coated in Magnesium Sulfide Solution. (1996)

Corrosion resistance of Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloy with conversion coating treated in magnesium sulfide solution has been investigated electrochemically. Polarization measurements in 0.01M-NaCl solution showed that the coatings had two corrosion prevention effects; Both decreased corrosion potential (Ecorr.) and increased breakdown potential (Ebreak), with temperature and time. Analysis of the coatings revealed that film thickness and Mg composition (Mg/Al) in the film also varied depending on treatment conditions. Thus, corrosion resistance was discussed in terms of the variation of Ecorr. and Ebreak with respect to film characteristics.
Psychometric Evaluation of a 13‐Point Measure of Students’ Overall Competence in Community‐Based Dental Education Programs (2016)

Since 2006, the University of Michigan School of Dentistry has used a 13-point measure of overall competence instrument to assess fourth-year dental students' end-rotation performance at community clinics. The aim of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of this instrument used by preceptors to rate students' overall competence during community-based dental education experiences. The measure was analyzed using performance ratings for all fourth-year DDS students in the graduating classes of 2012 and 2013 (combined n=201). The results were that interrater agreement was satisfactory and the measure scored high for internal consistency; also, the measure loaded highly on a single overall competence factor. Ratings on this measure did not correlate with students' final cumulative dental school GPA, but showed a significant positive correlation with their fourth-year fall patient management grades (which signify students' conscientiousness in managing patients and their families in a professional and ethical manner). There were differences in grading systems between the 2012 cohort (which used a pass/fail system) and the 2013 cohort (which used a letter grade system) and the mean ratings they received (higher for the 2013 cohort). Overall, the study found that the 13-point measure demonstrated excellent reliability and validity, suggesting it is useful in determining a student's clinical competence in these settings.
Potential Roles of BMP9 in Liver Fibrosis (2014)

Liver fibrosis is a common phenomenon that is associated with several pathologies and is characterized by excessive extracellular matrix deposition that leads to progressive liver dysfunction. Bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) is the most recently discovered member of the BMP family. BMP9 bound with high affinity to activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK1) and endoglin in non-parenchymal liver cells. In addition, BMP9 activated Smad1/Smad5/Smad8 and induced the expression of the target genes inhibitor of differentiation 1 (Id1), hepcidin, Snail and the co-receptor endoglin in liver cells. Although the role of BMP9 in liver fibrosis is currently poorly understood, the presence of BMP9-activated proteins and its target genes have been reported to be associated with liver fibrosis development. This review summarizes the indirect connection between BMP9 and liver fibrosis, with a focus on the BMP9 signaling pathway members ALK1, endoglin, Id1, hepcidin and Snail. The observations on the role of BMP9 in regulating liver fibrosis may help in understanding the pathology mechanisms of liver disease. Furthermore, BMP9 could be served as a potent biomarker and the target of potential therapeutic drugs to treat hepatocytes fibrosis.
Phosphathiahelicenes: Synthesis and Uses in Enantioselective Gold Catalysis (2014)

Enantiomerically pure thiahelicenes displaying a terminal phosphole unit and a stereogenic phosphorus center have been prepared by oxidative photocyclization of a diaryl-olefin precursor. Starting from one of these phosphathiahelicene oxides, the corresponding trivalent phosphine-Au(I) complex is obtained with complete diastereoselectivity. It affords a new, excellent precatalyst for the enantioselective cycloisomerization of N-tethered enynes (up to 96 % ee).
Improvement of the light output of InGaN-based light-emitting diodes using Cu-doped indium oxide/indium tin oxide p-type electrodes (2005)

We report on the formation of highly transparent and low-resistance Cu-doped indium oxide(CIO)(3 nm)/indium tin oxide (ITO) (400 nm) ohmic contact to p-type GaN for high-brightness light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for solid-state lighting. The CIO/ITO contacts become ohmic with specific contact resistances of ∼10−4Ωcm2 and give transmittance higher than 98.7% at a wavelength of 405 nm when annealed at 630 °C for 1 min in air. Near UV LEDs fabricated with the annealed CIO/ITO p-type contact layers give a forward-bias voltage of 3.25 V at injection current of 20 mA. It is further shown that the output power of the LEDs with the CIO/ITO contacts is enhanced 78% at 20 mA as compared with that of LEDs with the conventional Ni∕Au contacts.
The Theory and Application of Frequency Domain Deconvolution Using Optimum Compensation in Time Domain Measurement (1979)

This thesis describes a method of transforming a deconvolution problem into an equivalent convolution problem. A short discussion of the theory behind convolution and deconvolution is included, along with a survey of techniques now being used. A new method using a synthesized compensator is proposed and mathematically developed. Finally, the results of applying this method to several real and analytical signals are given.
Arrhythmias and sudden death after dynamic cardiomyoplasty. (1994)

Despite NYHA functional class and left ventricular function improvements observed after cardiomyoplasty, the incidence of arrhythmias did not change, and sudden death was an important finding mainly in late follow-up. The problem of sudden death after cardiomyoplasty, the mechanism that produces it, and the means to prevent it remain critical areas for future research.
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Can Save Lives in Children With Heart or Lung Failure After Liver Transplantation (2017)

The risk of cardiac or lung failure after liver transplantation (LT) is significant. In rare cases, the usual intensive care techniques fail to maintain organ oxygenation with a risk of multiorgan dysfunction. Although extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a difficult and risky procedure, it can be proposed as life-saving. Four children with either acute pulmonary (three) or cardiac (one) failure after LT, and the criteria that decided the use of ECMO (level of ventilation and results, dosage of inotropic drugs, cardiac ultrasound, blood lactate) were retrospectively reported. These patients, 1-11 years old, were treated with either veno-arterial (three) or veno-venous (one) ECMO. Two experienced a full recovery, with 3 and 6 years of follow-up. Two died of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) due to ECMO, and relapse of heart failure due to the underlying disease. Although our patients' survival was only 50%, we showed that ECMO can be useful in children after LT. It should be considered before the development of irreversible multiorgan failure.
Transfer of Maternal Immune Cells by Breastfeeding: Maternal Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Present in Breast Milk Localize in the Peyer’s Patches of the Nursed Infant (2016)

Despite our knowledge of the protective role of antibodies passed to infants through breast milk, our understanding of immunity transfer via maternal leukocytes is still limited. To emulate the immunological interface between the mother and her infant while breast-feeding, we used murine pups fostered after birth onto MHC-matched and MHC-mismatched dams. Overall, data revealed that: 1) Survival of breast milk leukocytes in suckling infants is possible, but not significant after the foster-nursing ceases; 2) Most breast milk lymphocytes establish themselves in specific areas of the intestine termed Peyer's patches (PPs); 3) While most leukocytes in the milk bolus were myeloid cells, the majority of breast milk leukocytes localized to PPs were T lymphocytes, and cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) in particular; 4) These CTLs exhibit high levels of the gut-homing molecules α4β7 and CCR9, but a reduced expression of the systemic homing marker CD62L; 5) Under the same activation conditions, transferred CD8 T cells through breast milk have a superior capacity to produce potent cytolytic and inflammatory mediators when compared to those generated by the breastfed infant. It is therefore possible that maternal CTLs found in breast milk are directed to the PPs to compensate for the immature adaptive immune system of the infant in order to protect it against constant oral infectious risks during the postnatal phase.
Hg(II)-, Hg(I)-, AND Ag(I)-INDUCED 1,8-DIALKOXYLATION, -DIAMINATION, AND -DIACYLOXYLATION OF 2,7-DI-TERT-BUTYL-4,5,9,10-TETRAPHENYLTRICYCLO [6.2.0.03,6]DECA-1,3(6),4,7,9-PENTAENE (1976)

Abstract The treatment of the title compound (1) with Hg(II), Hg(I), or Ag(I) salt in the presence of ROH, RNH2, and RCO2H afforded 5,10-dialkoxy- (2a–c), 5,10-diamino- (2d–e), and 5,10-diacyloxy-2,7-di-tert-butyl-4,5,9,10-tetraphenyltricyclo [6.2.0.03,6]deca-1,3,6,8-tetraene (2f–g), respectively.
Fourier Transforms in Radar and Signal Processing (2003)

Fourier transforms are used widely, and are of particular value in the analysis of single functions and combinations of functions found in radar and signal processing. Still, many problems that could have been tackled by using Fourier transforms may have gone unsolved because they require integration that is difficult and tedious. This newly revised and expanded edition of a classic Artech House book provides you with an up-to-date, coordinated system for performing Fourier transforms on a wide variety of functions. Along numerous updates throughout the book, the Second Edition includes a crit
Multi-Slice 2D pTx Readout-Segmented Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Using Slice-by-Slice B1+ Shimming (2021)

No abstract available.
Reduced-Complexity Decimeter-Level Bluetooth Ranging in Multipath Environments (2022)

In this paper, we investigate enhanced super-resolution range estimators with decimeter-level accuracy for multi-antenna and multipath Bluetooth systems. To enhance the traditional MUSIC range estimator for a two-way frequency-hopping Bluetooth channel model, we apply forward-backward averaging and bandwidth extrapolation using Burg’s algorithm to improve ranging accuracy, which is limited by the used Bluetooth bandwidth and the quality of the estimated sample covariance matrix. For the multi-antenna case, we compare the Summed Antenna Processing and Individual Antenna Processing methods to process multiple-antenna Bluetooth channel measurements and enhance the range estimation accuracy compared to the single-antenna case. In addition, we investigate a sparsity-aware range estimator which exploits the sparsity of Bluetooth channel impulse response and achieves comparable ranging accuracy to the enhanced MUSIC estimator but at a much lower computational complexity. We apply the greedy Orthogonal Matching Pursuit algorithm to heuristically solve the sparsity-constrained optimization problem for Bluetooth ranging. Furthermore, we evaluate the computational complexity of our investigated Bluetooth range estimators with two complexity-reduction techniques to further reduce the complexity of MUSIC range estimator. Moreover, we analyze the Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) on unbiased range estimation using the frequency-hopping Bluetooth channel model and derive a new insightful CRLB expression for a two-path channel model. Finally, we evaluate the Root-Mean-Square Error and Empirical Cumulative Distribution Function performance of our investigated range estimators both on simulated and real-world Bluetooth data that we collected in line-of-sight (LOS) and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) multipath scenarios. Our proposed enhancements on the range estimators improved the ranging accuracy by 58% for our collected Bluetooth data.
Adaptive Output-Feedback Control of a Class of Discrete-Time Nonlinear Systems (1993)

Adaptive control via output-feedback is considered for SISO, feedback linearizable, minimum-phase, discrete-time nonlinear systems. The class of systems consists of linear systems followed by a nonlinear element with further nonlinearities depending on the (delayed) outputs. The coefficients of the transfer function of the linear part are assumed unknown, and either the nonlinear element acting on the output or the nonlinearities acting on the (delayed) outputs are not limited to sector-type conditions.
Use of CO2 in Heavy-Oil Waterflooding (2010)

Abstract Waterflooding has been used in oil recovery for many years and is an important technique in conventional oil recovery. In the case of viscous heavy oils, due to the low mobility of heavy oil and high mobility ratio between the displacing fluid (water) and the displaced fluid (heavy oil), reported recoveries have been very low and have been associated with very high volumes of produced water. Use of CO2 in heavy oil waterflooding, as a solvent that might effectively reduce the viscosity of heavy oil and causes it to swell, is the focus of this study. This paper presents the results of eleven core-flooding experiments designed to study the effect of CO2 utilization in waterflooding of heavy oils. Injection strategies used in these experiments involved different combinations of CO2 and brine, including intermittent injection of separate slugs as well as injecting carbonated water. In reported experiments, following the completion of waterflooding tests, CO2 slugs of 10% and 25% pore volumes, or carbonated water was injected into the cores followed by a shut-in period. Water injection was resumed at the end of shut-in period, and any additional oil produced was collected. Heavy oil samples with viscosities of 1000 to 2000 cp were used and experiments were carried out at pressures of 500 and 1000 psi (3.45 and 6.9 MPa), temperature of 30°C, and water injection rates between 1 and 50 feet per day. Carbonated water used in these experiments was prepared by dissolving CO2 in brine (1% wt. NaCl) at 820 psi over 4 days. Results of this study indicate that the use of CO2 significantly improves recovery of heavy oil by waterflooding. Incremental recoveries in the range of 5 to 27.5% OOIP were achieved by CO2 in combination with waterflooding. It was also found that the increase in the operating pressure results in increased oil recovery. Furthermore, the injection of larger CO2 volume increased the oil recovery. It was also found that during the post CO2 waterflooding, greater recovery improvements are achieved from lower permeability systems. Comparison between the lower and the higher viscosity oils also showed that the use of CO2 results in greater recovery improvements for the higher viscosity oil system.
Different water relations between flowering and leaf periods: a case study in flower-before-leaf-emergence Magnolia species (2017)

The differing water relations between flowers and leaves on a plant reflect the lack of co-ordination between reproductive and vegetative organs during the evolution of angiosperm species. The amount of water that flowers consume has been reported to vary across species, and compared with studies of leaves, accurate measurements of flower water relations at the branch level are lacking. Further, the mechanisms by which flowers regulate their hydraulic function and structure to maintain water balance remain unclear. To explore the ecophysiological basis underpinning the differences between flowers and leaves, we measured hydraulic and morphological traits and monitored sap flow in flowers and leaves from the same branches of two Magnoliaceae species that flower before leaf emergence (Magnolia denudata Desr. and Magnolia soulangeana Soul.-Bod.). Sap flux density (JS) of flowers was 22% and 55% of that predicted for leaves in M. denudata and M. soulangeana respectively. JS of flowers commenced before predawn and ceased early in the afternoon, reflecting their night-time flowering pattern and a dramatic decrease of JS with increasing vapour pressure deficit (D) under the high light of midday. Relative to leaves, tepals were thicker and more hydrated, and had bigger but scarcer stomata, leading to lower stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration rate (E), less negative water potential (Ψtepal) and lower hydraulic conductance. This study revealed different hydraulic patterns in the flowers and leaves of the two Magnolia species. Although flowers consumed less than half the water that leaves did, they used different strategies to maintain sufficiently high Ψ to sustain hydraulic safety. Magnolia flowers retained more hydrated tepals by exhibiting less water loss than leaves via lower hydraulic conductance. In contrast, Magnolia leaves maintained high transpiration rates through efficient stomatal responses to environmental changes compared with flowers.
Effect of Mechanical Pre-Lithiation on Electrochemical Performance of Silicon Negative Electrode for Lithium-Ion Batteries (2017)

The effect of pre-lithiation on the electrochemical performance of Si negative electrodes for lithium-ion batteries was studied. A pre-volume-expansion of Si induced by the pre-lithiation is expected to decrease the relative change in volume of Si during charge-discharge reactions. Suppression of change in volume of Si should improve the cycle performance, the Coulombic efficiency, and so on. When the mechanically pre-doped Li was extracted from Li-Si alloy during the first cycle, an alloy electrode exhibited the poor cycle performance just like a Si-alone electrode. On the other hand, the Li1.00Si electrode exhibited the improved cycle performance and higher Coulombic efficiency under the discharge cut-off potential of 0.7 and 0.5 V, respectively. The electrode also showed 1.5 times longer cycle life compared to the Si-alone electrode when the charge capacity and the cut-off potential were limited. These results demonstrated that the appropriate mechanical pre-lithiation helps to improve the poor electrochemical performance of the Si negative electrodes.
An Improved AAM Method for Extracting Human Facial Features (2012)

Active appearance model is a statistically parametrical model, which is widely used to extract human facial features and recognition. However, intensity values used in original AAM cannot provide enough information for image texture, which will lead to a larger error or a failure fitting of AAM. In order to overcome these defects and improve the fitting performance of AAM model, an improved texture representation is proposed in this paper. Firstly, translation invariant wavelet transform is performed on face images and then image structure is represented using the measure which is obtained by fusing the low‐frequency coefficients with edge intensity. Experimental results show that the improved algorithm can increase the accuracy of the AAM fitting and express more information for structures of edge and texture.
Fluorinated Poly(arylene ether sulfide) for Polymeric Optical Waveguide Devices (2001)

Fluorinated poly(arylene ether sulfide)s containing an ethynyl group (E-FPAESI) were synthesized by nucleophilic aromatic substitution from 4,4‘-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphenol (6FBPA) and an excess of pentafluorophenyl sulfide, followed by reaction with 3-ethynylphenol. The molecular weights (Mn's) and polydispersities (Mw/Mn's) of the E-FPAESI determined by GPC with polystyrene standard were in the range 14 200−25 200 and 2.23−2.47, respectively. The polymer films were fabricated by spin-coating and cross-linked by thermal curing. The cured films had good chemical resistance for common solvents such as acetone, tetrahydrofuran (THF), methylene chloride, chloroform, N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The glass transition temperature of E-FPAESI was changed from 120 to 160 °C after curing and showed high thermal stability up to 489 °C. At 1.55 μm wavelength, the refractive indices and birefringences of the films were in the range 1.5200−1.5515 and 0.0034−0.0044, respectively, depending on feed ratio of 6FBPA and 4,4‘-(trifluoromethylphenylisopropylidene)diphenol (3FBPA). The optical loss for E-FPAESI was measured to be less than 0.40 dB/cm.
[Safety and efficacy of an antirabies vaccine consisting of recombinant vaccinia-rabies virus administered orally to the fox, dog and cat]. (1989)

One of the most promising ways to control rabies in wildlife seems to be the distribution of bait containing an anti-rabies vaccine. So far, the most widely used vaccines were modified live viruses (SAD strain or derivatives). Nevertheless, these strains retain some pathogenicity for non-target species. A novel vaccine was proposed consisting of genetically modified vaccinia virus (strain Copenhagen, thermosensitive ts 26) expressing the foreign glycoprotein G for the rabies virus (strain ERA). Different doses of this recombinant virus were administered orally to 59 foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and their antibodies were titrated before challenge. Foxes (8/8) resisted 1 month after vaccination with 10(7) plaque forming units (PFU), or 4/4 after 18 months. Seroconversion among dogs was 4/4 after vaccination with 10(9,6) PFU and 4/4 among cats after vaccination with 10(8) PFU. These dogs (4/4) and cats (3/4) resisted the challenge 2-3 months after vaccination. This vaccine thus appears to be potent and safe in these species. Its properties are discussed.