gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two-Dimensional Simulations of Laser Shock Peening of Aluminum With Water Confinement (2022)

Nowadays, advanced surface improvement techniques are required, due to continuously rising demands in aerospace and automotive productions. Laser shock peening (LSP) is a widely known modern surface enhancement method. LSP usually deals with nanosecond laser pulses with high intensities exceeding 1 GW/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . Due to very short time scales, all the occurring physical phenomena and processing parameters are extremely difficult to measure and study just based on experimental investigations. Therefore, multidimensional computer simulations of the processes within LSP are required for further optimization. In this work, a 2-D hydrodynamic simulation of water-confined nanosecond laser shock peening of an aluminum target is performed applying the open-source code MULTI2D. Circular laser beam with a pulse energy of 1 J, 20-ns duration, a diameter of 1 mm, and a uniform spatial distribution is used. Spatial profiles of the laser-induced plasma pressure and temperature are determined together with the shock wave parameters. It is shown that the plasma is highly confined and a temperature-affected region is very thin. Radial expansion of the surface pressure profile and the shock wave propagation can be observed, indicating that radial effects have to be considered during the industrial application of LSP. The obtained results are in good agreement with available simulations and measurements, validating the proposed simulation approach. In addition, temporal and spatial distributions of the pressure at the surface of the target material can be applied in finite-element simulations to predict residual stresses distributions.
Hug Tightly and Say Goodbye: Role of Endothelial ICAM-1 in Leukocyte Transmigration (2008)

Stable adhesion of leukocytes to endothelium is crucial for transendothelial migration (TEM) of leukocytes evoked during inflammatory responses, immune surveillance, and homing and mobilization of hematopoietic progenitor cells. The basis of stable adhesion involves expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), an inducible endothelial adhesive protein that serves as a counter-receptor for beta(2)-integrins on leukocytes. Interaction of ICAM-1 with beta(2)-integrins enables leukocytes to adhere firmly to the vascular endothelium and subsequently, to migrate across the endothelial barrier. The emerging paradigm is that ICAM-1, in addition to firmly capturing leukocytes, triggers intracellular signaling events that may contribute to active participation of the endothelium in facilitating the TEM of adherent leukocytes. The nature, duration, and intensity of ICAM-1-dependent signaling events may contribute to the determination of the route (paracellular vs. transcellular) of leukocyte passage; these aspects of ICAM-1 signaling may in turn be influenced by density and distribution of ICAM-1 on the endothelial cell surface, the source of endothelial cells it is present on, and the type of leukocytes with which it is engaged. This review summarizes our current understanding of the "ICAM-1 paradigm" of TEM with an emphasis on the signaling events mediating ICAM-1 expression and activated by ICAM-1 engagement in endothelial cells.
Alternating wet and dry depositional environments recorded in the stratigraphy of Mount Sharp at Gale crater, Mars (2021)

Abstract The Curiosity rover is exploring Hesperian-aged stratigraphy in Gale crater, Mars, where a transition from clay-bearing units to a layered sulfate-bearing unit has been interpreted to represent a major environmental transition of unknown character. We present the first description of key facies in the sulfate-bearing unit, recently observed in the distance by the rover, and propose a model for changes in depositional environments. Our results indicate a transition from lacustrine mudstones into thick aeolian deposits, topped by a major deflation surface, above which strata show architectures likely diagnostic of a subaqueous environment. This model offers a reference example of a depositional sequence for layered sulfate-bearing strata, which have been identified from orbit in other locations globally. It differs from the idea of a monotonic Hesperian climate change into long-term aridity on Mars and instead implies a period characterized by multiple transitions between sustained drier and wetter climates.
Discrimination Techniques for a Highly Accurate Laser-Sheet Anemometer (1988)

This paper discusses a laser anemometer based on projected light sheets and using a sequence of non-linear discrimination stages in both optics and electronics. Innovative digital correlation techniques yield significantly more accurate transit time measurements than can be obtained from equivalent fringe or two-spot systems. Enhancements of signal processing based upon a priori knowledge of the optical sheet definition and the measurement environment result in up to an order of magnitude increase in accuracy.
Correlated multiwavelength emission from the X-ray-bright Seyfert galaxy III Zw 2 (2002)

The X-ray-bright Seyfert 1 galaxy III Zw 2 was observed with XMM-Newton in 2000 July. Its X-ray spectrum can be described by a power law of photon index = 1.7 and an extremely broad (FWHM 140 000 km s -1 ) Fe K line at 6.44 keV. The iron line has an equivalent width of 800 eV. To study the long-term X-ray behaviour of the source we have analysed 25 yr of data, from 1975 to 2000. There is no evidence of significant intrinsic absorption within the source or of a soft X-ray excess in the XMM or archival data. We do not detect rapid X-ray variability (a few 10 3 s) during any of the individual observations; however, on longer timescales (a few years) the X-ray light curve shows 10-fold flux variations. We infer a black hole mass of 10 9 M (from H FWHM) for III Zw 2 which is much higher than some previous estimates.
[Advances in m 6A modification and its regulation of viral replication]. (2019)

N <sup>6</sup>-methyladenosine (m <sup>6</sup>A) is a prevalent modification of RNA in eukaryotes and plays an important role in the process of mRNA translocation, stabilization and translation. m <sup>6</sup>A exerts different influences on the viral replication cycle, and both viral replication and host immune response to the virus are affected by m <sup>6</sup>A. In this review, we summarize recent studies on the mechanism of m <sup>6</sup>A modification and its effects on viral replication and host immune response, in order to provide a reference for epigenetic regulation in the viral life cycle.
Evidence for a Shared Nuclear Pore Complex Architecture That Is Conserved from the Last Common Eukaryotic Ancestor (2009)

The nuclear pore complex (NPC) is a macromolecular assembly embedded within the nuclear envelope that mediates bidirectional exchange of material between the nucleus and cytoplasm. Our recent work on the yeast NPC has revealed a simple modularity in its architecture and suggested a common evolutionary origin of the NPC and vesicle coating complexes in a progenitor protocoatomer. However, detailed compositional and structural information is currently only available for vertebrate and yeast NPCs, which are evolutionarily closely related. Hence our understanding of NPC composition in a full evolutionary context is sparse. Moreover despite the ubiquitous nature of the NPC, sequence searches in distant taxa have identified surprisingly few NPC components, suggesting that much of the NPC may not be conserved. Thus, to gain a broad perspective on the origins and evolution of the NPC, we performed proteomics analyses of NPC-containing fractions from a divergent eukaryote (Trypanosoma brucei) and obtained a comprehensive inventory of its nucleoporins. Strikingly trypanosome nucleoporins clearly share with metazoa and yeast their fold type, domain organization, composition, and modularity. Overall these data provide conclusive evidence that the majority of NPC architecture is indeed conserved throughout the Eukaryota and was already established in the last common eukaryotic ancestor. These findings strongly support the hypothesis that NPCs share a common ancestry with vesicle coating complexes and that both were established very early in eukaryotic evolution.
Glycation of Apoprotein A-I Is Associated With Coronary Artery Plaque Progression in Type 2 Diabetic Patients (2012)

ApoA-I glycation level is associated with the severity of CAD and coronary artery plaque progression in type 2 diabetic patients.
RHEED Patterns Calculated for Pt Nano Clusters on TiO<sub>2</sub>(110) Substrate (2015)

Platinum nano clusters, which are attractive material for highly activated catalysis, are usually evaluated by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Here we challenge to evaluate the structure of Pt nano clusters by reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) for the first time. The nano cluster models are made of n = 7 and n = 15 Pt atoms, which are deposited on TiO2(110) substrate. The former has two dimensional (planer) and the latter three dimensional (two layer's) shapes. They are rotated around their [111] axes of Pt crystal, whose axes are also inclined from the substrate surface normal because of the atomically rough substrate surface. The RHEED patterns have been calculated by kinematic diffraction theory. From the calculated patterns for the two types of the clusters (n = 7 and 15), it is found that there is characteristic difference in the radial intensity distributions. The difference is attributed to existence or absence of the higher order reflections which arise from two layers of Pt(111). [DOI: 10.1380/ejssnt.2015.125]
The effect of visual information on motor control in social interaction tasks (2011)

Seeing an object is important for motor control during object interaction. Which sources of visual information are important for motor control in social interaction? In a virtual environment participants hit table tennis balls served by a virtual player. We manipulated the visibility of visual information (ball, racket, body) about the virtual player and the presentation time of the animation (before, during, and after the virtual player’s stroke). We measured the shortest distance between the ball and the participants’ racket. Results: (1) The visibility of each source of information was associated with performance increases; (2) performance did not change when visual information was presented after the virtual player hit the ball; (3) the presentation of the virtual player's racket induced the largest performance improvement shortly before the virtual player hit the ball; (4) performance changes associated with seeing the virtual player’s body were independent of presentation time. In sum participants seem to use multiple sources of visual information about the interaction partner. Moreover visual information about the interaction partner is most useful when seen before the interaction partner's stroke. These results support the hypothesis that the perception of the virtual player affects the online control of own actions.
Systolic processor array for radar and communications (2003)

A systolic processor applicable to a general class of signal processing problems was built using commercially available VLSI floating-point processors. This processor performed over 1.25 BFLOPS (billion floating-point operations per second) in applications of solutions to a group of simultaneous equations with 12 unknowns. The solution was designed to work with the normal equations used in signal processing problems where all equations have noisy component values. The processor design was a direct implementation of algorithm mathematics in hardware and achieved a high processing rate through extensive concurrency. This program demonstrated how a custom, application-specific processor can be developed in less than two years to perform a computationally intensive function.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Sharing of Unlicensed Spectrum by Strategic Operators (2017)

Facing the challenge of meeting ever-increasing demand for wireless data, the industry is striving to exploit large swaths of unlicensed spectrum, which supports open access. Major standards bodies are currently considering a proposal to retool and deploy long term evolution (LTE) technologies in unlicensed bands. This paper studies the fundamental question of how the unlicensed spectrum can be shared by strategic operators to mitigate suffering from the tragedy of the commons. A class of general utility functions is considered. The spectrum sharing problem is formulated as a repeated game over a sequence of time slots. It is first shown that a simple static sharing scheme allows a given set of operators to reach a subgame perfect Nash equilibrium for mutually beneficial sharing. The question of how many operators will choose to enter the market is also addressed by studying an entry game. A sharing scheme, which allows dynamic spectrum borrowing and lending between operators, is then proposed to address time-varying traffic and proved to achieve perfect Bayesian equilibrium. Numerical results show that the proposed dynamic sharing scheme outperforms static sharing, which in turn achieves much higher revenue than uncoordinated full-spectrum sharing. Implications of the results for the standardization and deployment of LTE in unlicensed bands (LTE-U) are also discussed.
La maquette Désir (1984)

The core-model Désir, by Dominique Bureau, Didier Miqueu, Michel Norotte. The core-model described in this paper was made to demonstrate the static and dynamic functioning of a disequilibrium model with several regimes. Within the keynesian regime. Desir's structure and properties are found to be very similar to those of big macroeconometric models.
Effect of Antenna Locations on Indoor MIMO System (2007)

The effect of antenna locations on multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) communication system in the line of sight (LOS) and the nonline of sight (NLOS) indoor environments is investigated by a numerical hybrid method of the method of moments (MoM) and the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. The channel capacity, the received power and the effective degrees-of-freedom (EDOF) of multipaths of MIMO system are statistically analyzed. It is found that the channel capacity of indoor MIMO system is affected significantly by the antenna locations. However, in the case of ignoring of path loss, MIMO channel capacity in NLOS indoor environment is almost independent of antenna locations
An introduction to medical imaging with coherent terahertz frequency radiation (2002)

Methods have recently been developed that make use of electromagnetic radiation at terahertz (THz) frequencies, the region of the spectrum between millimetre wavelengths and the infrared, for imaging purposes. Radiation at these wavelengths is non-ionizing and subject to far less Rayleigh scatter than visible or infrared wavelengths, making it suitable for medical applications. This paper introduces THz pulsed imaging and discusses its potential for in vivo medical applications in comparison with existing modalities.
Role of oxygen in biodegradation of poly(etherurethane urea) elastomers (1997)

It is generally accepted that biodegradation of poly(etheruethane urea) (PEUU) involves oxidation of the polyether segments on the surface where leukocytes are adhered. The influence of dissolved oxygen, which is known to control oxidation of polymers in more traditional environments, was explored in this study. Specimens treated in vitro with hydrogen peroxide-cobalt chloride for 12 days exhibited a brittle, degraded surface layer about 10 microm thick. Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of the surface revealed that the ether absorbance at 1110 cm(-1) gradually decreased with in vitro treatment time to 30% of its initial value after 12 days. In contrast, 6 days in vitro followed by 6 days in air produced a decrease to 12% of the initial volume. Therefore, removing a specimen from the in vitro solution after 6 days and exposing it to air for the remainder of the 12 days actually resulted in more oxidation than leaving it in the in vitro solution for the entire 12 days. These results suggest that PEUU degrades by an autooxidation mechanism sustained by oxygen. By successfully modeling the depth of the surface degraded layer with a diffusion-reaction model, it was demonstrated that PEUU biodegradation is controlled by diffusion of oxygen into the polymer.
A crossflow model of dispersion in packed bed reactors (1980)

Abstract A three‐parameter model of axial and radial dispersion in a packed tubular reactor is proposed as an alternative to the Fickian dispersion model. Though it is formulated in terms of differential equations, it requires no exit boundary condition, so it is mathematically more convenient than the Fickian model. Examples of its application to chemical reactors are given.
Battery energy storage system modeling: Investigation of intrinsic cell-to-cell variations (2019)

Cell-to-cell variations can drastically affect the performance and the reliability of battery packs. This study provides a model-based systematic analysis of the impact of intrinsic cell-to-cell variations induced by differences in initial state of charge, state of health, capacity ration, resistance and rate capability. The impact of these cell-to-cell variations was evaluated on the performance of battery packs of different topologies, from series to parallel, and chemistries. For each chemistry and topology, simulations were performed with different levels for each type of intrinsic variation as well as all variations together in order to investigate the combined effects. The most salient changes were observed for cells connected in series. The calculated incremental capacity response for the pack and the single cells was used to select different features of interest that changed depending on the type of variation. From this methodology, the automatic quantification of the variations was attempted at the pack and single cell level. Cell-to-cell variations make each battery pack unique; their quantitation is essential for accurate monitoring.
Actuator fault sliding mode observer design with signal quantization (2017)

In this paper, the design problem of sliding mode observer is addressed for a class of linear continuous-time systems with actuator faults and limited data communication. A new descriptor sliding mode observer approach is developed to solve this design issue, where a discontinuous input is constructed to reject actuator faults. It is proved that the lower bound on the density of the quantizer is 1 /3, under which the quantization errors could be compensated completely by the switching term of the observer. Based on the proposed observer method, the system state vector can effectively track the state estimator and quantization errors simultaneously. Finally, a practical example is provided to show the effectiveness of the presented observer design method.
A study of the mixing state of black carbon in urban zone (2004)

The knowledge of the mixing state of black carbon particle with other aerosol species is critical for adequate simulations of the direct radiative effect of black carbon particles and its effect on climate. This paper reports the investigation of the mixing state of black carbon aerosol in the urban zone. The study uses a combination of in situ and ground‐based remote sensing observations conducted during the ESCOMPTE experiment, which took place in industrialized region in France in summer of 2001. The criteria we used for identifying mixing state relies on the known enhancement of absorption for aerosol composed by internal versus external mixtures of black carbon with weakly absorbing aerosol components. First, using in situ aerosol data, we performed Mie computations and reconstructed the single scattering albedo of aerosol for the two different mixing assumptions: black carbon mixed externally or internally with other aerosol species. Then, we compared the obtained values ω o,int and ω o,ext with the retrievals of ω o from independent AERONET Sun‐photometric measurements. The aerosol single scattering albedo (ω o,aer. ) derived from the AERONET photometer observations (with the mean value equal to 0.84 ± 0.04) was found to be close to ω o,ext reconstructed from in situ observation under assumptions of external mixture. This similarity between AERONET values and external mixture simulations was observed during all the days studied. Our conclusion on external mixture of black carbon aerosol with other particles in urban zone during ESCOMPTE (close to the pollution source) is coherent with observations made during other independent studies reported in a number of recent publications.
Ground-referenced single-ended signaling connected graphics processing unit multi-chip module (2023)

A system of interconnected chips comprising a multi-chip module (MCM) includes a processor chip, a system functions chip, and an MCM package configured to include the processor chip, the system functions chip, and an interconnect circuit. The processor chip is configured to include a first ground-referenced single-ended signaling interface circuit. A first set of electrical traces manufactured within the MCM package and configured to couple the first single-ended signaling interface circuit to the interconnect circuit. The system functions chip is configured to include a second single-ended signaling interface circuit and a host interface. A second set of electrical traces manufactured within the MCM package and configured to couple the host interface to at least one external pin of the MCM package. In one embodiment, each single-ended signaling interface advantageously implements ground-referenced single-ended signaling.
Indium Oxide Thin-Film Transistors Processed at Low Temperature via Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis (2014)

The use of ultrasonic spray pyrolysis is demonstrated for the growth of polycrystalline, highly uniform indium oxide films at temperatures in the range of 200-300 °C in air using an aqueous In(NO3)3 precursor solution. Electrical characterization of as-deposited films by field-effect measurements reveals a strong dependence of the electron mobility on deposition temperature. Transistors fabricated at ∼250 °C exhibit optimum performance with maximum electron mobility values in the range of 15-20 cm(2) V (-1) s(-1) and current on/off ratio in excess of 10(6). Structural and compositional analysis of as-grown films by means of X-ray diffraction, diffuse scattering, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveal that layers deposited at 250 °C are denser and contain a reduced amount of hydroxyl groups as compared to films grown at either lower or higher temperatures. Microstructural analysis of semiconducting films deposited at 250 °C by high resolution cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy reveals that as-grown layers are extremely thin (∼7 nm) and composed of laterally large (30-60 nm) highly crystalline In2O3 domains. These unique characteristics of the In2O3 films are believed to be responsible for the high electron mobilities obtained from transistors fabricated at 250 °C. Our work demonstrates the ability to grow high quality low-dimensional In2O3 films and devices via ultrasonic spray pyrolysis over large area substrates while at the same time it provides guidelines for further material and device improvements.