gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electron-hole system revisited: A variational quantum Monte Carlo study (1996)

Properties of a model electron-hole system are studied with a variational Monte Carlo method. Energies of both the two-component plasma phase and the excitonic insulating phase are calculated. The excitonic insulating phase is stable for all densities studied, exhibiting a strong pairing state even near ${\mathit{r}}_{\mathit{s}}$=2.0, the density where the two-component plasma phase has its minimum energy. Analysis of the pair correlation functions reveals that the stabilization of the excitonic insulator traces to enhanced short range electron-hole correlations which are partially offset by reduced electron-electron correlations. In the two-component plasma phase, significant electron-hole correlation effects remain up to high density, e.g., ${\mathit{r}}_{\mathit{s}}$=0.5. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Sweeping Jet Optimization Studies (2016)

Progress on experimental efforts to optimize sweeping jet actuators for active flow control (AFC) applications with large adverse pressure gradients is reported. Three sweeping jet actuator configurations, with the same orifice size but di↵erent internal geometries, were installed on the flap shoulder of an unswept, NACA 0015 semi-span wing to investigate how the output produced by a sweeping jet interacts with the separated flow and the mechanisms by which the flow separation is controlled. For this experiment, the flow separation was generated by deflecting the wing's 30% chord trailing edge flap to produce an adverse pressure gradient. Steady and unsteady pressure data, Particle Image Velocimetry data, and force and moment data were acquired to assess the performance of the three actuator configurations. The actuator with the largest jet deflection angle, at the pressure ratios investigated, was the most efficient at controlling flow separation on the flap of the model. Oil flow visualization studies revealed that the flow field controlled by the sweeping jets was more three-dimensional than expected. The results presented also show that the actuator spacing was appropriate for the pressure ratios examined.
Effect of Fine Structures Formed by Nanoimprinting Using Anodic Porous Alumina Mold on Surface Hydrophobicity (2022)

A surface with a simple nanopillar array and hierarchical micro-/nano structures consisting of microconvexes and a surface with a nanopillar array were fabricated by nanoimprinting using two types of anodic porous alumina mold. On both surfaces, the height of polymer nanopillars could be controlled by adjusting the anodization time for the preparation of the anodic porous alumina mold. Regarding water-repellent properties, a higher contact angle was observed on the surface with a hierarchical structure than on the surface with a simple nanopillar array. In the measurement of the water droplet sliding angle, the surface with a hierarchical structure showed higher performance characteristics than the surface with a simple nanopillar array. This is because the surface with a hierarchical structure can more easily trap air between the substrate surface and the water droplet than the surface with a simple nanopillar array. The hierarchical micro-/nano structures could be prepared repeatedly by nanoimprinting using a single mold. The method developed here for preparing a superhydrophobic surface is used for various applications, such as those requiring superhydrophobic surfaces with sliding angles.
<title>High-aspect-ratio microdrilling in polymeric materials with intense KrF laser radiation</title> (1999)

UV laser microdrilling of high aspect ratio holes requires a low numerical aperture and intense beam. It does not produce any thermal or mechanical damage on the target. In some particular experimental conditions, it is shown that long deep holes are obtained with reproducible aspect ratio ((Phi) /d approximately equals 600) in a variety of materials. Generally speaking the more absorbing the polymer is, the better is the resolution. However highly absorbing materials exhibit a low ablation rate. These promising results on laser microdrilling can be extended to new applications when beam and target relative movement is computer driven. For instance this approach can applied to cutting micro-objects with complicated shape or machining of fragile or brittle materials.
Water vapor micropulse differential absorption lidar (1999)

By combining the capability of a differential absorption lidar (DIAL) and the excellent characteristics of a micro pulse lidar (MPL) we have designed and tested a micro pulse DIAL system, which could be operated from the ground or airborne platform, to monitor the atmospheric water vapor mixing ratio. To maintain the compact and rugged optical frame work of an MPL it employs a diode pumped tunable Cr:LiSAF laser operating at 825 - 840 nm range, a fiber optic beam delivery system, and an APD photon counting detector. The system parameters were optimized through extensive DIAL simulations, and the design concept was tested by building a breadboard lidar system. Based on the results of the simulations and the performance of the breadboard lidar the Micro Pulse DIAL system design has been refined to (1) minimize scattered laser light -- the major source of signal induced bias, (2) permit near field measurements from less than 400 m, (3) produce a compact, rugged, eye-safe instrument with a day and night operating capability. The lidar system is expected to provide 150 m vertical resolution, high accuracy (approximately 5%), and 3 km range looking up from the ground.
TLR7 and IL-6 differentially regulate the effects of rotarod exercise on the transcriptomic profile and neurogenesis to influence anxiety and memory (2021)

Voluntary exercise is well known to benefit brain performance. In contrast, forced exercise induces inflammation-related stress responses and may cause psychiatric disorders. Here, we unexpectedly found that rotarod testing, a frequently applied assay for evaluating rodent motor coordination, induces anxiety and alters spatial learning/memory performance of mice. Rotarod testing upregulated genes involved in the unfolded protein response and stress responses and downregulated genes associated with neurogenesis and neuronal differentiation. It impacts two downstream pathways. The first is the IL-6-dependent pathway, which mediates rotarod-induced anxiety. The second is the Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7)-dependent pathway, which is involved in the effect of rotarod exercise on gene expression and its impact on contextual learning and memory of mice. Thus, although rotarod exercise does not induce systemic inflammation, it influences innate immunity-related responses in the brain, controls gene expression and, consequently, regulates anxiety and contextual learning and memory.
Estrogen Receptor Translocation and Replenishment by the Antiestrogen Tamoxifen (1977)

The anti-estrogen tamoxifen binds cytoplasmic estrogen receptor and translocates it into the nucleus, provoking early estrogen responses; only later is normal estrogen action antagonized. We examined these effects in uteri of mature rats given 5 μg estradiol or 50 μg tamoxifen after ovariectomy- adrenalectomy, using ligand exchange assays developed in this laboratory for both cytoplasmic and nuclear estrogen receptors. We show that both estrogen receptor translocation and uterine weight gain are slower with tamoxifen than with estrogen. Twenty-four to 48 h after estradiol or tamoxifen injections cytoplasmic estrogen receptor is replenished, contrary to the hypothesis that anti-estrogens antagonize subsequent estrogen action by failing to replenish cytoplasmic receptor. This new receptor appearing by 48 h after tamoxifen treatment is capable of being translocated by estradiol. Six daily doses of estradiol continue to increase uterine weight and soluble cytosol proteins. The same regimen of daily tamoxifen injections results in an initial uterine weight stimulation, comparable to estradiol for the first two days, which is followed by a loss of uterine weight by day six. This failure to maintain stimulation is not due to a decline in either cytoplasmic or nuclear estrogen receptors; in fact, a single dose of tamoxifen causes receptor to be retained in the nucleus for several days even while additional receptor appears in the cytoplasm. It is possible that the “processing” step which removes receptor-estradiol complexes from the nucleus is somehow defective in the case of at least some anti-estrogens and that this step is required for continued estrogenic stimulation.
DNA Recognition: Design, Synthesis and Biophysical Characteristics of Pyrrole(H) Based Polyamides (2010)

N-Methyl imidazole (Im) and N-methyl pyrrole (Py)-containing polyamides that can form stacked dimers can be programmed to target specific DNA sequences in the minor groove of DNA and control gene expression. Polyamides are being investigated as potential medicinal agents for treating diseases including cancer. The naturally occurring polyamide distamycin binds as a dimer in the minor groove of DNA and recognizes sequences rich in A/T and T/A base pairs indiscriminately. Synthetic analogs of distamycin that incorporate N-methylimidazole into the heterocyclic core have been shown to bind to G/C rich sequences with a high degree of specificity. The purpose of this study is to investigate the behavior of polyamides containing the 2,5-linked N-methylpyrrole-2-carboxamide or pyrrole(H) [Py(H)] moiety upon binding to DNA. The synthesis and biophysical characteristics of two polyamides PyPyPyPy(H) 2 and ImPyPyPy(H) 3 designed to test the binding preference of a Py/Pyrrole(H) pairing [Py/Py(H)] and a [Im/Py(H)] is described. Studies utilizing circular dichroism, thermal denaturation (ΔT(M)), biosensor-surface plasmon resonance and DNase I footprinting show that an [Im/Py(H), 3] pairing prefers a G/C or C/G pairing whilst a [Py/Py(H), 2] pairing tolerates A/T or T/A base pairs and avoids a G/C base pair.
Approach to the Morbilliform Eruption in the Hematopoietic Transplant Patient (2007)

Morbilliform eruptions occur frequently in the hematopoietic transplant population. The differential diagnosis includes drug reaction, viral exanthem, and cutaneous graft versus host disease. Using a typical patient case, we discuss the diagnostic approach to this clinical problem.
The Role of a Prone Setup in Breast Radiation Therapy (2011)

Most patients undergoing breast conservation therapy receive radiotherapy in the supine position. Historically, prone breast irradiation has been advocated for women with large pendulous breasts in order to decrease acute and late toxicities. With the advent of CT planning, the prone technique has become both feasible and reproducible. It was shown to be advantageous not only for women with larger breasts but in most patients since it consistently reduces, if not eliminates, the inclusion of heart and lung within the field. The prone setup has been accepted as the best localizing position for both MRI and stereotactic biopsy, but its adoption has been delayed in radiotherapy. New technological advances including image-modulated radiation therapy and image-guided radiation therapy have made possible the exploration of accelerated fractionation schemes with a concomitant boost to the tumor bed in the prone position, along with better imaging and verification of reproducibility of patient setup. This review describes some of the available techniques for prone breast radiotherapy and the available experience in their application. The NYU prone breast radiotherapy approach is discussed, including a summary of the results from several prospective trials.
Signals of Opportunity as an Augmentation or Alternative to GNSS for Critical Timing Applications (2017)

Though GNSS signals provide very precise timing to UTC, they all have two major drawbacks – a very weak signal that is easily jammed and cannot be received well indoors, as well as no authentication mechanism, which allows it to be easily spoofed. In this paper we explore using alternative signals as either a standalone timing reference or as an augmentation to GNSS as a reference. Two possible alternative signals are the eLoran signal and the new Iridium STL signal. Though both provide a less accurate timing signal than GNSS, their higher power and diverse nature offer a robust alternative or supplement to GNSS. Depending on the signal availability, we will analyze and test them for use with a time and frequency server to provide timing signals such as 1PPS, NTP, and PTP. The GNSS and alternative references are monitored and compared to the holdover oscillator to perform real time analysis on both references, even if the primary reference is lost. Two configurations are tested; GNSS used as a primary reference and the alternative is used as a backup; and the alternative is used as the primary reference. Various effects that would degrade GNSS based timing such as GNSS L1 Band interference, GPS NAV data UTC timing errors, and GPS spoofing are applied to both setups (where applicable). Results on the 1PPS accuracy generated by the time and frequency server will be presented.
Efecto del tratamiento periodontal en pacientes con factores sistémicos de riesgo para parto pretérmino, en la disminución de su incidencia. (2016)

Introduccion: Aunque hay algunos resultados contradictorios y problemas potenciales en relacion a los riesgos incontrolados subyacentes, la mayoria de los estudios clinicos indican una correlacion positiva entre la enfermedad periodontal y posibles complicaciones en el embarazo. Estudios recientes tambien han demostrado que existen factores microbiologicos e inmunologicos que apoyan firmemente esta asociacion. Aunado a esto multiples enfermedades infecciosas y condiciones sistemicas ponen en riesgo el desarrollo del embarazo. 
Materiales y metodos:Se evaluaron pacientes embarazadas de la 6-20 semanas de gestacion con condiciones sistemicas de riesgo a parto pretermino ademas de ser pacientes periodontales. Se realizo el estudio en 2 grupos de pacientes embarazadas (control y experimental) 13 integran el grupo experimental y 11 el grupo control. Posteriormente se realizo una Historia Medica completa asi como un analisis periodontal, donde se determino si las pacientes presentan o no Enfermedad Periodontal y su severidad. En el grupo experimental se realizaron los tratamientos periodontales correspondientes a la fase inicial y el grupo control unicamente instruccion de higiene. De nuevo se tomaron los parametros periodontales y se tomaron resultados de la semana de nacimiento. 
Resultados:Un 29.1% presentaban enfermedades sistemicas, de las cuales un 20.8% tuvieron parto pretermino, distribuidas en 27.2% en el grupo control y 15.3% en el experimental. Hubo ausencia de relacion entre las visitas al dentista y el parto prematuro un 62.5% expreso no tener atencion dental en el utimo ano mientras un 37.5% indico haber acudido previamente a controles. De las que no asistian a citas dentales un 37.5% presentaron parto prematuro mientras las que si acudian a controles 16.6%. Dentro del grupo control la cifra subio al 27.2% y solo se presento en un 7.6% en pacientes del grupo experimental. El resultado fue significativo en el grupo contro en la relacion entre la molestia en boca y el parto prematuro. En el grupo control hubo una diferencia significativa entre las mujeres que presentaron molestia en boca siendo un 54.4% de estas las que tuvieron parto prematuro. 
Conclusion: En este estudio se ha demostrando que no existe relacion directa del tratamiento periodontal en la reduccion de partos pretermino, teniendo como resultado en las pacientes con y sin tratamiento una diferencia no significativa.
Biological hydropersulfides and related polysulfides – a new concept and perspective in redox biology (2018)

The chemical biology of thiols (RSH, e.g., cysteine and cysteine-containing proteins/peptides) has been a topic of extreme interest for many decades due to their reported roles in protein structure/folding, redox signaling, metal ligation, cellular protection, and enzymology. While many of the studies on thiol/sulfur biochemistry have focused on thiols, relatively ignored have been hydropersulfides (RSSH) and higher order polysulfur species (RSS<sub>n</sub> H, RSS<sub>n</sub> R, n > 1). Recent and provocative work has alluded to the prevalence and likely physiological importance of RSSH and related RSS<sub>n</sub> H. RSSH of cysteine (Cys-SSH) has been found to be prevalent in mammalian systems along with Cys-SSH-containing proteins. The RSSH functionality has not been examined to the extent of other biologically relevant sulfur derivatives (e.g., sulfenic acids, disulfides, etc.), whose roles in cell signaling are strongly indicated. The recent finding of Cys-SSH biosynthesis and translational incorporation into proteins is an unequivocal indication of its fundamental importance and necessitates a more profound look into the physiology of RSSH. In this Review, we discuss the currently reported chemical biology of RSSH (and related species) as a prelude to discussing their possible physiological roles.
Top-Ten Tips for Imaging the Triangular Fibrocartilaginous Complex (2019)

The triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) is a crucial structure for both maintaining the stability of the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) and acting as a cushion for axial loading of the ulnocarpal joint. Injury to the TFCC can lead to early degeneration of the DRUJ and ulnocarpal joint, with resultant chronic wrist pain and weakness. The TFCC is a moderately complex structure with several attachments to the adjacent bony and cartilaginous structures. Familiarity with the anatomy of the TFCC is a prerequisite for identification of TFCC tears. Several pitfalls can occur while assessing the TFCC on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) if one is not familiar with the MRI appearances. This article illustrates key tips for diagnosing TFCC tears on MRI.
Enhanced Activity of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbon Mixtures as aryl Hydrocarbon (Ah) Receptor Agonists (1994)

Abstract The relative potencies of benzo[a]pyrene and a complex mixture of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) produced as by-products of manufactured gas plant (MGP) residues as inducers of hepatic microsomal ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) were determined in the B6C3F1 mouse. The ED50 values for the induction response were 78 and 65 mg/kg for benzo[a]pyrene and the MGP-PAH mixture, respectively, although benzo[a]pyrene and other compounds containing four or more rings were only trace components of this mixture. A comparison of the EROD induction potencies of benzo[a]pyrene and the MGP-PAH mixture showed that the mixture was approximately 706 times more active than expected based on its benzo[a]pyrene content (0.17%). The enhanced activity of the MGP-PAH mixture was also observed for several other aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor-mediated responses, including inhibition of the splenic plaque-forming cell (PFC) response to both T-cell-dependent and independent antigens in B6C3F1 mice. The nature of these PAH interactions will be discussed.
Data from Li–Fraumeni Syndrome–Associated Dimer-Forming Mutant p53 Promotes Transactivation-Independent Mitochondrial Cell Death (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Cancer-relevant mutations in the oligomerization domain (OD) of the p53 tumor suppressor protein, unlike those in the DNA binding domain, have not been well elucidated. Here, we characterized the germline OD mutant p53(A347D), which occurs in cancer-prone Li–Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) patients. Unlike wild-type p53, mutant p53(A347D) cannot form tetramers and exists as a hyperstable dimeric protein. Further, p53(A347D) cannot bind or transactivate the majority of canonical p53 target genes. Isogenic cell lines harboring either p53(A347D) or no p53 yield comparable tumorigenic properties, yet p53(A347D) displays remarkable neomorphic activities. Cells bearing p53(A347D) possess a distinct transcriptional profile and undergo metabolic reprogramming. Further, p53(A347D) induces striking mitochondrial network aberration and associates with mitochondria to drive apoptotic cell death upon topoisomerase II inhibition in the absence of transcription. Thus, dimer-forming p53 demonstrates both loss-of-function (LOF) and gain-of-function (GOF) properties compared with the wild-type form of the protein.&lt;/p&gt;Significance:&lt;p&gt;A mutant p53 (A347D), which can only form dimers, is associated with increased cancer susceptibility in LFS individuals. We found that this mutant wields a double-edged sword, driving tumorigenesis through LOF while gaining enhanced apoptogenic activity as a new GOF, thereby yielding a potential vulnerability to select therapeutic approaches.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Quality of diet and food choices of Finnish young men: a sociodemographic and health behaviour approach (2010)

Objective: Eating habits of Finns have improved dramatically in 40 years. The proportion of fat in the diet has decreased and vegetable and fruit consumption increased. Knowledge of Finnish young men's dietary habits is limited. The aim was to assess food choices and quality of diet among young men and to analyse how background and health behaviour factors explain it. Design: In 2007, data on eating habits, sociodemographic background factors and health behaviours of 17-21-year-old men (n 2905) entering military service were collected by self-administrated questionnaire. Two indexes - core food index (CFI) and extra food index (EFI) - were formed to describe daily and redundant snacking-type eating, respectively. Associations of background factors and health behaviours on the indexes were analysed by general linear modelling. Results: In all, 13 % consumed fruits and berries daily and 8 % consumed vegetables, whereas 24 % consumed pizza and 19 % consumed hamburgers more than once a week. CFI increased with educational level (P< 0·001) and was explained by background and health behaviour (smoking, physical activity and eating breakfast). EFI was inversely associated with BMI (P< 0·001) and explained by health behaviour: (smoking, physical activity, drinking beer and eating breakfast). Conclusions: These results indicate that in early adulthood, eating habits cluster with other health behaviours among men. In this age group, education is associated with core food but not with extra food eating habits. Furthermore, seasonal variation is seen in both types of eating. When promoting healthy eating, a distinction between core foods and extra foods by using feasible indexes will be helpful in targeting the efforts.
Planet-scale human mobility measurement (2010)

Research into, and design and construction of mobile systems and algorithms requires access to large-scale mobility data. Unfortunately, the research community lacks such data. For instance, the largest available human contact traces contain only 100 nodes with very sparse connectivity, limited by experimental logistics. In this paper we pose a challenge to the community: how can we collect mobility data from billions of human participants? We re-assert the importance of large-scale datasets in communication network design, and claim that this could impact fundamental studies in other academic disciplines. In effect, we argue that planet-scale mobility measurements can help to save the world. For example, through understanding large-scale human mobility, we can track and model and contain the spread of epidemics of various kinds.
Packaging of Silicon Photonics Systems (2014)

We address the effects of packaging on performance, reliability and cost of photonic devices. For silicon photonics we address some specific packaging aspects. Finally we propose an approach for integration of photonics and ASICs.