gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of spontaneous ordering and alloy statistical fluctuations on exciton linewidth inGaxIn1−xPalloys (2000)

We experimentally demonstrate an intrinsic statistical effect of the phenomenon of spontaneous ordering in semiconductor alloys: the reduction of alloy fluctuations as a function of the order parameter, as reflected in the exciton linewidth. A theoretical model is presented to qualitatively describe the dependence of the exciton linewidth on the order parameter.
Environmental influences on the sensitization by drugs measured in peripheral blood lymphocyte chromatin. (1990)

An "allergo-kinetic" method was introduced, which measures early changes of nuclear chromatin structure of lymphocyte subpopulations. The method is used as an in vitro test for drug allergy. The comparison of data from two sampling places (Budapest-Esztergom) shows the following results: The drug allergy scores (obtained from T-cells) may reflect environmental influences on the population under study. During the 13 months period after Atomic Reactor accident in Chernobyl, both the frequency of severe skin manifestations and that of organ manifestations (without skin lesions) increased. The ratio of negative test results decreased in both of drug allergic patient groups (small town = Esztergom, large city = Budapest)--tendency to polysensibilization. The scores obtained in drug related groups of generalized urticaria and Quincke's oedema increased significantly within 13 months after accident followed by a normalization in the subsequent year.
Energy consumption management in Smart Homes: An M-Bus communication system (2014)

Energy consumption management in Smart Home environments relies on the implementation of systems of cooperative intelligent objects named Smart Meters. In order for devices to cooperate to smart metering applications' execution, they need to make their information available. In this paper we propose a framework that aims at managing energy consumption of controllable appliances in groups of Smart Homes belonging to the same neighbourhood or condominium. We consider not only electric power distribution, but also alternative energy sources such as solar panels. We define a communication paradigm based on M-Bus for the acquisition of relevant data by managing nodes. We also provide a lightweight algorithm for the distribution of the available alternative power among houses. Performance evaluation of experiments in simulation mode prove that the proposed framework does not jeopardise the lifetime of Smart Meters, particularly in typical situations where managed devices do not continuously turn on and off.
Expression and imprinting of the insulin‐like growth factor II gene in neonatal mouse cerebellum (1997)

Insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) plays significant roles in the growth and development of mammals through the regulation of mitogenesis and cell survival. Previously, IGF-II mRNA transcripts within the CNS were detected in the choroid plexus and leptomeninges (DeChiara et al., 1991). The objective of this study was to determine the expression pattern of IGF-II mRNA in different cell types of the cerebellum during development. We report here that the IGF-II gene is transcribed in granule and glial cells within the cerebellar parenchyma at various times during the early postnatal period in mice. IGF-II gene expression is further regulated by parent-specific imprinting such that only the paternal IGF-II allele is expressed in granule cells. In contrast, choroid plexus and leptomeninges express IGF-II mRNAs biallelically, indicating that cell type-specific regulation of genomic imprinting occurs within the mammalian CNS. J. Neurosci. Res. 50:958–966, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Transdermal drug delivery with photomechanical waves (2003)

Photomechanical waves (PWs) have been shown to permeabilize the stratum corneum (SC) in vivo and facilitate the transport of macromolecules into the viable epidermis and dermis. Furthermore, the barrier function of the stratum corneum recovers. Application of these waves to human volunteers has established that they do not cause any pain or discomfort and do not damage or change the appearance of the skin. These attributes of PWs make them potentially useful for transdermal drug delivery. The advantage of topical drug delivery is that it enhances the therapeutic effect of the drug while minimizing systemic side effects as well as reducing systemic deactivation or degradation of the drug. There are four important issues that need to be studied in order to determine the efficacy of photomechanical waves as a method for transdermal drug delivery. They are: 1. Penetration depth of the drug; 2. Molecular size that can be delivered through the SC; 3. Dosimetry, the amount of the drug that can be delivered into the epidermis and dermis; and 4. The mechanism(s) of the SC permeabilization. We have some partial answers to these questions.
Reform or renaissance? France's 1966 Companies Act and the problem of the ‘professionalisation’ of the auditing profession in France (2009)

This paper revisits an episode in the history of the auditing profession in France: the period that saw the ‘professionalisation’ of auditing in the late 1960s, almost 100 years after enactment of the law that had officially created the activity. Despite the existence of practitioners with a reputation for competency and despite the more stringent conditions imposed on the recruitment of these practitioners during the 1930s, certification of accounts had remained a ‘function’ rather than a profession. The reform of France's commercial code in 1966 thus gave auditors a second chance, making them a key component in an ambitious plan to modernise French financial markets. The paper considers this reform from the angle of the problem facing the reformers, that of ‘professionalising the profession’ of auditor. Two aspects of the problems are discussed. The first concerns the need to take into consideration the existence of another profession, the profession of the French chartered accountant (expert-comptable), which in the opinion of its leaders had a legitimate claim to a monopoly on auditing. The second concerns the fate reserved for pre-reform audit practitioners (comissaires de sociétés), not all of whom would be admitted as members of the new auditing profession.
Synthesis, biological studies of linear and branched arabinofuranoside-containing glycolipids and their interaction with surfactant protein A (2011)

Oligoarabinofuranoside-containing glycolipids relevant to mycobacterial cell wall components were synthesized in order to understand the functional roles of such glycolipids. A series of linear tetra-, hexa-, octa- and a branched heptasaccharide oligoarabinofuranosides, with 1 → 2 and 1 → 5 α-linkages between the furanoside residues, were synthesized by chemical methods from readily available monomer building blocks. Upon the synthesis of glycolipids, constituted with a double alkyl chain-substituted sn-glycerol core and oligosaccharide fragments, biological studies were performed to identify the effect of synthetic glycolipids on the biofilm formation and sliding motilities of Mycobacterium smegmatis. Synthetic glycolipids and arabinofuranosides displayed an inhibitory effect on the growth profile, but mostly on the biofilm formation and maturation. Similarly, synthetic compounds also influenced the sliding motility of the bacteria. Further, biophysical studies were undertaken, so as to identify the interactions of the glycolipids with a pulmonary surfactant protein, namely surfactant protein A (SP-A), with the aid of the surface plasmon resonance technique. Specificities of each glycolipid interacting with SP-A were thus evaluated. From this study, glycolipids were found to exhibit higher apparent association constants than the corresponding oligosaccharide portion alone, without the double alkyl group-substituted glycerol core.
A dynamic load balanced scheme for two stage switches (2010)

Due to its outstanding extensible performance, the load balanced two stage switches have received much attention recently in the switching technology academia. However, the problem that it may disturb the sequences of packets makes it not so applicable in practice. To solve this problem, we first discuss the fundamentals required for guaranteeing packets in order switching in this paper. Then, based on these fundamentals, it focuses on research on the transmission characteristics of internet traffic, and comes up with an interesting dynamic flowlet switching (DFS) algorithm. Different from earlier proposed schemes, which try to ensure that packets belonging to the same input and output pair are switched in order, DFS guarantees that packets belonging to the same flow, which are defined by TCP/IP protocol, are kept in order. The main idea behind DFS is that the flows arriving at the switches are first divided into flowlets according to their destined output port and transport layer parameters (such as packets delay intervals), then switches them at a flowlet level. We evaluate DFS by theoretical analysis and simulations. The theoretical results show that DFS can guarantee packet in order delivering, while the simulation results show that DFS can achieve a good delay and throughput performance compared to existing typical schemes.
NEW ADVANCES REVIVE INTEREST IN CEMENT-BASED MATERIALS (1992)

This article looks at new advances being made in cement and related materials that will result in more durable structures in the future. Researchers at the Center for Science and Technology of Advanced Cement-Based Materials (ACBM), which won renewed funding through 1996, are looking at three areas of cement-based materials: microstructures, additives (admixtures), and reinforcements, in addition to new processing methods. Also, various analytical and computer modeling techniques are being developed to support this research.
Mediation of the proinflammatory cytokine response in rheumatoid arthritis and spondylarthritis by interactions between fibroblast‐like synoviocytes and natural killer cells (2008)

FLS promote the migration, activation, and survival of NK cells. The interaction of NK cells with FLS results in increased IL-15 expression by FLS and the production of proinflammatory chemokines, cytokines, and MMPs, which may contribute to joint inflammation. This response was much more marked in SpA and RA patients as compared with OA patients.
Full Time-Domain DORT for Ultrawideband Electromagnetic Fields in Dispersive, Random Inhomogeneous Media (2006)

We investigate the decomposition of the time-reversal operator (DORT under its French language acronym) method applied to ultrawideband electromagnetic pulses propagating in dispersive and (continuous) inhomogeneous random media where volumetric scattering effects are important. We analyze the effects of random medium statistics on the time-reversal operator (TRO) eigenvalues and eigenvectors, and on subsequent selective focusing performance. We develop and employ a full time-domain DORT by tracking the excitation eigenvectors from a singular value decomposition of the TRO over the entire bandwidth of operation. We also study effects of frequency dispersion and conduction losses on the TRO and consider dispersion/loss compensation techniques to improve DORT operation in those cases
A closer look at the representation of interaural differences in a binaural model (2007)

In this contribution, we investigate the internal representations given by the binaural model proposed by Breebaart et al. [1]. We focus on the cues used by an arti??cial observer when determining just noticeable differences in interaural time differences (ITDs) or interaural level differences (ILDs). The binaural processor consists of an array of excitation-inhibition (EI) cells, each characterized by its internal interaural delay and internal interaural attenuation. This model is conceptually similar to a cross-correlation model and the relevant properties for ITD and ILD discrimination tasks are changes in the binaural pattern along the internal delay and the internal attenuation axis. For ITD discrimination of two coherent signals, the traditional approaches consist of searching for a displacement of the peak of the normalized cross-correlation function or measuring the difference in the cross-correlation function at lag zero. These approaches will be compared to our strategy which maximizes the differences between the two normalized cross-correlation functions. Threshold predictions depend on which position along the internal delay line is analyzed. The characteristics of the binaural pattern with regard to ILD discrimination tasks will also be investigated and compared to those that are relevant for ITD discrimination.
PROBLEMS OF MATERIALS IN BONE REPLACEMENT (1953)

The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British volumeVol. 35-B, No. 1 Editorials and AnnotationsFree AccessPROBLEMS OF MATERIALS IN BONE REPLACEMENTJohn T. ScalesJohn T. ScalesSearch for more papers by this authorPublished Online:1 Feb 1953https://doi.org/10.1302/0301-620X.35B1.6AboutSectionsPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to FavouritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byPost-stapedectomy granuloma of the oval window29 June 2007 | The Journal of Laryngology & Otology, Vol. 87, No. 4Spannungsveränderungen im proximalen Femurende bei einzementierten EndoprothesenArchiv für orthopädische und Unfall-Chirurgie, Vol. 71, No. 4Some Hazards in the Manufacture and Use of PlasticsOccupational and Environmental Medicine, Vol. 16, No. 3Arthroplasty of the Knee Using an Endoprosthesis4 November 2014 | Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica, Vol. 28, No. sup24 Vol. 35-B, No. 1 Metrics History Published online 1 February 1953 Published in print 1 February 1953 InformationCopyright © 1953, The British Editorial Society of Bone and Joint Surgery: All rights reservedPDF download
Caring for Children with HIV and AIDS Claxton R Harrison T Caring for Children with HIV and AIDS et al Edward Arnold £12.95 206pp 0-340-55256-5 (1992)

Caring for Children withHIV andAIDS is timely in addressing some of the issues faced by paediatric health care professionals challenged by the need to provide care in the face of such an epidemic. Such care needs a multidisciplinary approach spanning a range of services, and I was delighted to see that although the book arose from the nursing context, its philosophy reflects this shared approach.
Über Aminosäuren und Peptide, VII1) Syntheseversuche in der Reihe der 3,6‐Epidithio‐2,5‐dioxopiperazin‐Antibiotika Gliotoxin, Sporidesmin, Aranotin, Chaetocin und Verticillin, VII1) Über die Einführung von Sauerstoffunktionen in Prolyl‐prolinanhydrid mit Bleitetraacetat: Ein neuer Weg zum Epidisulfid des Prolyl‐prolinanhydrids (1973)

Abstract L ‐Prolyl‐ L ‐prolinanhydrid ( 1a ) wird mit Bleitetraacetat zum 3,6‐Diacetoxy‐ L ‐prolyl‐ D ‐prolinanhydrid ( 2b ) oxidiert. 2b bildet mit Äthylmercaptan cis ‐3, h‐Bis(äthylmercapto)prolyl‐prolinanhydrid ( 3a ) und mit Thioessigsäure trans ‐3,6‐Bis(acetylmercapto)prolyl‐prolin‐anhydrid ( 4b ). Durch Solvolyse mit verdünnter wäßriger Säure erhält man cis ‐3,6‐Dihydroxy‐prolyl‐prolinanhydrid ( 5a ). Durch dic Reaktionsfolge 1a → 2b → 5a ist ein neuer Weg zum Epidithioprolyl‐prolinanhydrid 6 gegeben.
Process Research and Development and Scale-up of a 4,4-Difluoro-3,3-dimethylproline Derivative (2008)

The multikilogram production of the proline derivative 1, a key intermediate of a HIV protease inhibitor, required the design of a synthetic route able to be safely, effectively, and easily scaled up. Synthesis of the proline skeleton began with construction of racemic glycine derivative 4, via an ester enolate Claisen rearrangement of Boc-glycine 3-methyl-but-2-enyl ester (3) in the absence of a Lewis acid. After a classical resolution of 4 with (S)-phenylglycinol, (S)-4 was transformed into bromo-lactone 6b with NBS. The bromo-lactone was transformed to proline alcohol 8 via a base-promoted rearrangement involving lactone solvolysis. An NMR study suggested that a bicyclic lactone was initially formed, which subsequently opened by the methanol solvent to form 8. The requisite ketone for fluorination was prepared via oxidation of the enantiomerically pure 8, using NaClO and catalytic TEMPO. gem-Difluoro proline 1 was then prepared from the ketone via fluorination with Deoxo-Fluor. During this study it was discovered that SiO2 promoted fluorination by Deoxo-Fluor. This study allowed the production of 7.5 kg of 1 after 10 steps, in 4.5% molar yield and high purity (94–99% HPLC assay).
Hairpin Folding Dynamics:  The Cold-Denatured State Is Predisposed for Rapid Refolding (2005)

Cold denaturation is a general phenomenon in globular proteins, and the associated cold-denatured states of proteins have important fundamental and practical significance. Here, we have characterized the cold-denatured state of a beta-hairpin forming peptide, MrH3a, in 8% hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP) and the dynamics of its refolding following a laser-induced T-jump. Beta-hairpins constitute an important class of protein structural elements, yet their folding mechanisms are not fully understood. Characterization of MrH3a using NMR, CD, and IR spectroscopies reveals residual structure in the cold-denatured state, in contrast with the highly disordered heat-denatured state. The residual structure in the cold-denatured state comprises relatively compact and solvent protected conformations. Furthermore, we find a substantial acceleration in the rate of folding from the cold-denatured state compared to that of the heat-denatured state. In addition, the cold-denatured state is not populated in 20% HFIP; folding occurs only from the fully unfolded state and is significantly slower. We interpret the acceleration of the folding rate of MrH3a in 8% HFIP as a direct consequence of the collapsed conformations of the cold-denatured state. Finally, there may be some reduction of the loop search cost when starting from the cold-denatured state, since this state may have some of the stabilizing cross-strand interactions already formed.
Inhibition of Restenosis in Femoropopliteal Arteries (2008)

In this pilot trial, paclitaxel balloon coating caused no obvious adverse events and reduced restenosis in patients undergoing angioplasty of femoropopliteal arteries.
A Novel Method for the Preparation of Retinoic Acid-Loaded Nanoparticles (2009)

The goal of present work was to investigate the use of bioerodible polymeric nanoparticles as carriers of retinoic acid (RA), which is known to induce differentiation of several cell lines into neurons. A novel method, named "Colloidal-Coating", has been developed for the preparation of nanoparticles based on a copolymer of maleic anhydride and butyl vinyl ether (VAM41) loaded with RA. Nanoparticles with an average diameter size of 70 nm and good morphology were prepared. The activity of the encapsulated RA was evaluated on SK-N-SH human neuroblastoma cells, which are known to undergo inhibition of proliferation and neuronal differentiation upon treatment with RA. The activity of RA was not affected by the encapsulation and purification processes.
A 43% PAE inverse Class-F power amplifier at 39–42 GHz with a λ/4-transformer based harmonic filter in 0.13-µm SiGe BiCMOS (2016)

This paper presents a 2-stage Class-F <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> power amplifier in 0.13 μm SiGe BiCMOS process, achieving 43% peak PAE and 18 dBm Psat at 40.5 GHz. The PA utilizes simple but effective λ/4-transformer based 2nd harmonic-tuning load and relies on a native low capacitive reactance to short all other higher-order harmonics. This reduces the harmonic load complexity significantly and loss thereof, exceeding PAE over 40% at 39.5-42 GHz. The PA achieves >17 dB small signal gain, >15 dB power gain, and 16 dBm OP <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1dB</sub> at 39-43 GHz. The P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">out</sub> for <;5% EVM is 15.5 dBm with QPSK/8PSK modulation signals, and 13.5 dBm with 16/64/128 QAM modulation signals. The PA occupies 0.95×0.6 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> including pads.
The mission planning model and improved Ant Colony solving algorithm for networking SAR satellites (2013)

As another important method to obtain geo-space information, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has irreplaceable role in contrast to the visible light satellite, which plays an important part in economic construction, national defense and other fields. However, the research about networking SAR faces the problems of more user tasks, more complicated scheduling and wider solution space. This paper mainly expounds two respects of work: firstly, constructing multi-objective optimization model to complete the collaborative planning of networking SAR; secondly, combing the Ant Colony and Simulated Annealing to solve the model above which belongs to high dimensional discrete combinatorial optimization problems, so as to improve the convergence rate and robustness of the algorithm, the distributed simulation experiments show that it can increase 1.043% compared with Generic Algorithm, and 0.212% compared with Ant Colony in terms of synthesize factor.
PTEN (MMAC1) Mutations Are Frequent in Primary Glioblastomas (de novo) but not in Secondary Glioblastomas (1998)

Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosome 10 is the most frequent genetic alteration associated with the evolution of malignant astrocytic tumors and it may involve several loci. The tumor suppressor gene PTEN (MMAC1) on chromosome 10q23 is mutated in approximately 30% of glioblastomas (WHO Grade IV). In this study, we assessed the frequency of PTEN mutations in primary glioblastomas, which developed clinically de novo, and in secondary glioblastomas, which evolved from low-grade (WHO Grade II) or anaplastic astrocytomas (WHO Grade III). Nine of 28 (32%) primary glioblastomas contained a PTEN mutation and an additional case showed a homozygous PTEN deletion. This indicates that after overexpression/amplification of the EGF receptor, loss of PTEN function is the most common alteration in primary glioblastomas. In this series, 5 of 28 (18%) primary glioblastomas showed both a PTEN mutation and EGFR amplification. In contrast, only 1 of 25 (4%) secondary glioblastomas contained a PTEN mutation, and none of them showed a homozygous PTEN deletion. The secondary glioblastoma with a PTEN mutation developed from an anaplastic astrocytoma that already carried the mutation. The observation that secondary glioblastomas have a p53 mutation as a genetic hallmark but rarely contain a PTEN mutation supports the concept that primary and secondary glioblastomas develop differently on a genetic level.