gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Welding of Plastics: Fundamentals and New Developments (2007)

Abstract This paper provides a general introduction to welding fundamentals (section 2) followed by sections on a few selected welding processes that have had significant developments or improvements over the last few years. The processes that are discussed are friction welding (section 3), hot plate welding (section 4), ultrasonic welding (section 5), laser/IR welding (section 6), RF welding (section 7) and hot gas/extrusion welding (section 8).
Doping a Mixture of Two Smectogenic Liquid Crystals with Barium Titanate Nanoparticles (2012)

A mixture of two smectic liquid crystals was doped with harvested ferroelectric barium titanate nanoparticles and investigated with wide- and small-angle X-ray scattering during cooling from the isotropic phase. A decrease in the isotropic to nematic and in the nematic to partially bilayer smectic-A(d) (SmA(d)) phase transition temperatures was observed accompanied by an increase of the layer spacing in the SmA(d) phase.
Determination of Vanillin and Coumarin in Flavoring Extracts Ultraviolet Absorption Method (1944)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of Vanillin and Coumarin in Flavoring Extracts Ultraviolet Absorption MethodD T. Englis and Donald J. HanahanCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Anal. Ed. 1944, 16, 8, 505–507Publication Date (Print):August 19, 1944Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 19 August 1944https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i560132a008https://doi.org/10.1021/i560132a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views156Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Advanced Liver Fibrosis in Adults Undergoing Intestinal Transplantation (2017)

Introduction: Parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease (PNALD) occurs commonly in intestinal transplant (ITx) candidates receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN). The aim of this study was to establish the prevalence and risk factors for advanced liver fibrosis in adults at the time of ITx. Methods: Retrospective chart review of all ITx performed at a single center between 01/2000 and 05/2014. Children, patients not on TPN and those without a protocol liver biopsy at the time of ITx were excluded. All liver biopsies were reviewed by a single expert liver pathologist, blinded to identity and diagnosis. Brunt classification was used to grade and stage severity of steatohepatitis and fibrosis respectively. Advanced liver fibrosis was defined as stage 3 or 4 fibrosis. Baseline characteristics, laboratory values and liver pathology findings were analyzed. Statistical analysis was with SAS v 9.4. Variables with p value < 0.2 in univariate analysis were included in the final logistic regression model. Age, race and gender were included in the final regression model independent of p value. Results: Of 84 adult patients who underwent ITx in the study period, 53 patients met inclusion criteria. The majority received isolated ITx (47/53;88.7%). Five (9.4%) received combined liver-ITx, and there was one (1.9%) multi-visceral transplant. The mean age was 50.6 ± 10.9 years, majority were females (60.4%) and Caucasian (67.9%). The mean BMI was 21.7 ± 3.8 kg/m2 and the median duration of TPN was 402 (IQR: 529) days. Advanced liver fibrosis at the time of ITx was found in 13 patients (24.5%). After controlling for potential confounders, the multivariate analysis revealed that male gender and white race were significant predictors of advanced liver fibrosis. A total bilirubin over 3.0 for more than a month prior to ITx was associated with an OR of 8.9 for advanced fibrosis at the time of ITx but did not reach statistical significance (p=0.055).FigureFigureConclusion: One quarter of the ITx recipients had advanced liver fibrosis at the time of ITx. Finding of steatosis in close to 20% of this cohort may reflect consequences of a lipid-minimization strategy in managing PNALD. Despite the near-universal prevalence of histological hallmarks of PNALD, the majority of patients could be managed with an isolated ITx graft. This data suggests persistent elevation of total bilirubin should trigger a liver biopsy to assess degree of liver fibrosis prior to ITx.
The serotonin transporter tracer [C-11]AFM provides high specific binding signals in humans (2008)

314 Objectives: The serotonin transporter (SERT) ligand [C-11]AFM in baboons has produced better specific binding signals than [C-11]DASB (Huang: JCBFM 2002). We conducted first-in-human study to assess the imaging qualities of this new tracer. Methods: Radiosynthesis was performed with [C-11]methyl triflate on the FxC automated module. PET imaging was conducted on the HRRT scanner. Five healthy subjects were studied, each with two scans of 120 min duration: a test scan followed by a re-test scan on the same day. Imaging data were analyzed using the Simplified Reference Tissue Model (SRTM2) and binding potentials (BP) calculated. Results: [C-11]AFM was prepared in ≥95% radiochemical and chemical purities. Specific activity was 11 ± 4 Ci/μmol (EOS) and injected dose was 19 ± 1 mCi. [C-11]AFM displayed high uptake in the brain. In all regions equilibrium was reached between 40 and 80 min post-injection. Test retest reproducibility was good, with 5% average difference in regional BP between the two scans. Mean BPs for all subjects were 3.3, 2.3, 2.2, 1.9, 0.9 in the raphe, thalamus (THA), amygdala (AMG), striatum (STR), and hippocampus (HIP), respectively. These values compare favorably with [C-11]DASB, which provides BPs of 1.1 (AMG & THA), 1.0 (STR), and 0.4 (HIP) (Frankel: JNM 2006 and Biol Psychiat 2005). Furthermore, [C-11]AFM BPs in the cortical areas were 3 to 5 times higher than those afforded by [C-11]DASB: 0.83, 0.51, 0.50, and 0.48 vs 0.29, 0.17, 0.11 and 0.10 in the cingulate, temporal, frontal and occipital cortices. Conclusions: [C-11]AFM provides high specific binding signals in the human brain and is an excellent PET tracer to image the SERT, especially in low density areas such as the cortex. Research Support: NIMH (MH066624)
Machine listening intelligence (2017)

This manifesto paper will introduce machine listening intelligence, an integrated research framework for acoustic and musical signals modelling, based on signal processing, deep learning and computational musicology.
Detection of the inflammatory process in a Behçet's disease-like mouse model using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography. (2013)

Our data indicate that FDG PET can non-invasively and quantitatively detect the inflammatory process in an HSV-induced BD-like mouse model.
The effect of near-surface superparamagnetic material on electromagnetic measurements (1982)

Abstract The development of an instrument that enables transient electromagnetic (TEM) measurements to be made to voltage levels of 1 mu V/A and less has enabled the detection of an anomalous transient response in some areas with lateritic soil cover. This anomalous transient causes apparent resistivity values derived from the measured transient decay to decrease at late delay times in areas where the known geology indicates the values should increase with delay time toward the resistivity value of the basement. The main cause of the anomalous transient has been identified as the response of superparamagnetic material in the lateritic soil cover. Both field and laboratory measurements of the voltage M induced by this transient, show a t (super -1) time dependence. This is the same behavior reported previously for magnetic viscosity over a longer time scale. Measurements of magnetic susceptibility of material separated magnetically from soil samples taken at areas where a residual response is measured, show that over a wide temperature range (from -196 degrees C to 590 degrees C) the susceptibility increases with temperature, confirming the presence of superparamagnetic particles.The anomalous transient response is localized to within 3 m of the transmitter loop; it is consequently detected only by loop configurations where the receiver loop is in proximity to the transmitter loop. The effects caused by the presence of a superparamagnetic response within 3 m of the transmitter loop apply to all electromagnetic methods, whether the measurements are made in the time or frequency domain.
Separated Circular Capacitive Coupler for Reducing Cross-Coupling Capacitance in Drone Wireless Power Transfer System (2020)

Capacitive power transfer (CPT) system can be employed for wireless charging of drone applications. However, in the CPT system, cross-coupling capacitance caused by coupling of the two pairs of plates on different sides, which do not form the main capacitance must be considered. Designs that do not properly consider the cross-coupling capacitance can cause decrease in the efficiency of the system. In this article, we propose a separate circular capacitive coupler for the CPT system. To reduce the cross-coupling capacitance in drone applications, the plates on the same side are separated. The circuit model of the coupler is presented; it considers a total of six coupling capacitances. For maximum power transfer efficiency, impedance of the receiver is considered to determine the parameter value of the LC resonance. Through simulation and measurement, we verified that the proposed separated circular coupler can reduce the cross-coupling capacitance. The plate-to-plate power transfer efficiency is maintained at 89.4% with 100-W output power.
Cyclization of Nonterminal Alkynic β-Keto Esters Catalyzed by Gold(I) Complex with a Semihollow, End-Capped Triethynylphosphine Ligand (2008)

A cationic gold(I) complex with a semihollow-shaped trialkynylphosphine catalyzed 5-exo-dig and 6-endo-dig cyclizations of various internal alkynic beta-keto esters, showing a marked advantage over a gold(I)-PPh3 complex with respect to the rates of the reactions and the product yields. It is proposed that the gold-bound alkynic substrate in a catalytic pocket must be somewhat folded and that such a steric effect makes the carbon-carbon bond formation entropically more favorable.
DNA Microarrays: Implications for Clinical Medicine (2002)

DNA microarrays are capable of measuring the expression of thousands of genes in a single assay. This technology has led to an explosion in global gene expression profiling studies, allowing researchers to more fully explore a multitude of complex biological systems ranging from the yeast cell cycle to the progression of cancer. By analyzing collections of these global profiles, the molecular underpinnings of biological phenomena are being unraveled. It is the goal of this review to address the basic principles of the technology and methodology employed in gene expression profiling with DNA microarrays, and then to highlight recent studies with particular importance for clinical medicine, focusing on cancer.
Tracking a dynamic set of feature points (1995)

We address the problems of tracking a set of feature points over a long sequence of monocular images as well as how to include and track new feature points detected in successive frames. Due to the 3-D movement of the camera, different parts of the images exhibit different image motion. Tracking discrete features can therefore be decomposed into several independent and local problems. Accordingly, we propose a localized feature tracking algorithm. The trajectory of each feature point is described by a 2-D kinematic model. Then to track a feature point, an interframe motion estimation scheme is designed to obtain the estimates of interframe motion parameters. Subsequently, using the estimates of motion parameters, corresponding points are identified to subpixel accuracy. Afterwards, the temporal information is processed to facilitate the tracking scheme. Since different feature points are tracked independently, the algorithm is able to handle the image motion arising from general 3-D camera movements. On the other hand, in addition to tracking feature points detected at the beginning, an efficient way to dynamically include new points extracted in subsequent frames is devised so that the information in a sequence is preserved. Experimental results for several image sequences are also reported.
Capacity Estimation of Wireless Mesh Networks (2003)

The goal of this research is to estimate the capacity of wireless mesh networks (WMNs). WMNs have unique topology and traffic patterns when compared to conventional wireless Internet access networks. In WMNs, user nodes act as a host and a router simultaneously and form a meshed topology. Traffic is forwarded towards a gateway connected to the Internet by cooperating user nodes in a multihop fashion. Since the considered WMNs use IEEE 802.11 for medium access control and physical layer implementation, theoretical maximum throughput and fairness issues in IEEE 802.11 networks are investigated as a preliminary framework for the capacity estimation of WMN. Due to a centralized traffic pattern and meshed topology, forwarded traffic becomes heavier as it gets closer to the gateway. The characteristics of the traffic behavior in WMNs are thoroughly examined and an analytical solution for capacity estimation is presented. The analytical solution is derived for various topologies and validated using simulations.
Immobile Vocal Fold Secondary to Thyroid Abscess: A Case Report (2000)

Vocal fold paralysis as a result of a thyroid abscess is extremely rare. In this article, we report only the second documented case of such a finding. The paralysis was discovered after our patient, a 40-year-old woman, had come to the office with a complaint of discomfort in the right lower neck. Computed tomography confirmed the presence of an abscess in the posterior thyroid gland. Fine-needle aspiration did not identify any inflammatory or suspicious cells. The abscess was treated with hemithyroidectomy, and the paralysis resolved 3 weeks later. There has been no recurrence after 4 years.
On Defects Originated from the Center Porosity of the Continuously Cast Blooms (1977)

The defects originated from center porosity of the continuously cast blooms have been revealed by the study on the unusual tesile fractures of the PC steel wires which contain B and Ti. The cracks initiated at the tesile fractures are caused by the nonmetallic inclusions at the center porosity of blooms during the heating in the soaking pit for the billeting.The degree of the oxidation depends upon the center porosity and heating condition. The marked oxidation of blooms containing B and Ti is caused by the development of columnar dendrites and the increase of center porosities. The oxidation of the center porosity at the ends of bloom can be prevented by controlling the casting temperature and improving the solidification structure of the bloom.
Broadband Wireless Access (2008)

� Data rate vs Distance trade off using adaptive modulation. 64QAM to BPSK � Offers non-line of site (NLOS) operation � 1.5 to 28 MHz channels � Hundreds of simultaneous sessions per channel � Delivers&amp;gt;1 Mbps per user � Both Licensed and license-exempt spectrum � QoS for voice, video, and T1/E1, continuous and bursty traffic � Support Point-to-multipoint and Mesh network models
Towards reliable pitch assembly using Cu/Ni/SnAg based interconnects (2017)

In this paper, the interconnect for 10μm are evaluated. Two processes for obtaining interconnects for 10μm pitch are compared in terms of reliability. One process yields the interconnects with Ni <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> Sn <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> intermetallic (IMC) joint (interconnect A) while other yields the interconnects with solder joint (interconnect B). To select the best process for the assembly at 10μm pitch, high temperature storage tests are performed at 150°C, 175°C and 200°C for 500hrs. The evolution of the metallurgy for both the interconnects is evaluated. The failure mechanism is determined by measuring the change in resistance. On the basis of mechanism, failure statistic is made. Finally, the obtained results are discussed.
Inactivation of the Silver gene alters the shape of eumelanosomes but has only a subtle effect on pigmentation (2010)

Coat color and patterning phenotypes have been extensively studied as a model for advancing our understanding of the relationship between genetic and phenotypic variation. In this thesis, genes of relevance for pigment cell biology were investigated. The dissertation is divided in two parts. Forward genetics was used in the first part (Paper I and II) to identify the genes controlling the Silver and Sex-linked barring loci in chicken. In the second part, reverse genetics was employed to create a mouse line in which the PMEL17 protein is inactivated (Paper III). In Paper I, we report five mutations in SLC45A2 causing plumage color variants in both chicken and Japanese quail. Normal function of the SLC45A2 gene has previously been shown to be essential for the synthesis of both red/yellow pigment (pheomelanin) and brown/black pigment (eumelanin) in numerous species, including humans. The major discovery in this paper is the specific inhibition of pheomelanin in Silver chickens, whilst null mutations at this locus cause an almost complete absence of both pheomelanin and eumelanin. In Paper II, we report that Sex-linked barring in chickens is controlled by the CDKN2A/B tumor suppressor locus. The locus encodes two proteins, INK4B and ARF. The genetic analysis indicates that missense mutations in ARF or mutations in the promoter region of the ARF transcript are causing Sex-linked barring. In previous studies, mutations inactivating the CDKN2A/B tumor suppressor locus, have been shown to be responsible for familiar forms of human melanoma. Here we propose that these mutations in chicken CDKN2A/B cause the premature cell death of melanocytes as opposed to the cell proliferation and tumor growth associated with loss-of-function alleles in humans. In Paper III, we created a mouse line in which the PMEL17 protein is inactivated. Missense mutations in the gene encoding PMEL17 have previously been shown to be associated with reduced levels of eumelanin in epidermal tissues in several vertebrate species. The knockout mice are viable, fertile, and display no obvious developmental defects. The eumelanosomes within the melanocytes of these mice are spherical in contrast to the cigar-like shaped eumelanosomes present in wild-type animals. PMEL17 protein inactivation has only a subtle diluting effect on the coat color phenotype in four different genetic backgrounds. This suggests that other previously described alleles in vertebrates with more striking effects on pigmentation are dominant-negative mutations.
The hindlimb in walking horses: 2. Net joint moments and joint powers (2001)

Summary The objective of the study was to describe net joint moments and joint powers in the equine hindlimb during walking. The subjects were 5 sound horses. Kinematic and force data were collected synchronously and combined with morphometric information to determine net joint moments at each hindlimb joint throughout stance and swing. The results showed that the net joint moment was on the caudal/plantar side of all hindlimb joints at the start of stance when the limb was being actively retracted. It moved to the cranial/dorsal side around 24% stride at the hip and stifle and in terminal stance at the more distal joints. It remained on the cranial/dorsal side of all joints during the first half of swing to provide active limb protraction, then moved to the caudal/plantar aspect to reverse the direction of limb motion prior to ground contact. The hip joint was the main source of energy generation throughout the stride. It was assisted by the tarsal joint in both stance and swing phases and by the fetlock joint during the stance phase. The coffin joint acted as an energy damper during stance, whereas the stifle joint absorbed almost equal amounts of energy in the stance and swing phases. The coffin and fetlock joints absorbed energy as the limb was protracted and retracted during the swing phase, suggesting that their movements were driven by inertial forces. Future studies will apply these findings to detect changes in the energy profiles due to specific soft tissue injuries.
Calbindin D-28k and parvalbumin immunoreactivity in the frontal cortex in patients with frontal lobe dementia of non-Alzheimer type associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. (1993)

The morphology and distribution of local-circuit neurons (interneurons) were examined, by calbindin D-28k and parvalbumin immunocytochemistry, in the frontal cortex (area 8) in two patients with frontal lobe dementia of non-Alzheimer type associated with classical amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and in seven normal cases. The density of calbindin D-28k immunoreactive cells was dramatically reduced in ALS patients, but the density of parvalbumin-immunoreactive neurons was preserved. Decreased density of calbindin D-28k-immunoreactive neurons, which are mainly located in the upper cortical layers, may interfere with the normal processing of cortico-cortical connections, whereas integrity of parvalbumin-immunoreactive cells may be associated with the preservation of the major inhibitory intracortical circuits in patients with frontal lobe dementia.
Fabrication of poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel structures for pharmaceutical applications using electron beam and optical lithography (2010)

Soft-polymer based microparticles are currently being applied in many biomedical applications, ranging from bioimaging and bioassays to drug delivery carriers. As one class of soft-polymers, hydrogels are materials, which can be used for delivering drug cargoes and can be fabricated in controlled sizes. Among the various hydrogel-forming polymers, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) based hydrogel systems are widely used due to their negligible toxicity and limited immunogenic recognition. Physical and chemical properties of particles (i.e., particle size, shape, surface charge, and hydrophobicity) are known to play an important role in cell-particle recognition and response. To understand the role of physicochemical properties of PEG-based hydrogel structures on cells, it is important to have geometrically precise and uniform hydrogel structures. To fabricate geometrically uniform structures, we have employed electron beam lithography (EBL) and ultra-violet optical lithography (UVL) using PEG or PEG diacrylate polymers. These hydrogel structures have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), optical microscopy, and attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) confirming control of chemistry, size, and shape.