gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CONCERTAÇÃO E PODER O agronegócio como fenômeno político no Brasil (2020)

Em função do acirramento de disputas fundiárias e conflitos socioambientais, em anos recentes, agentes do campo do agronegócio no Brasil impulsionaram, de modo organizado e sistemático, sua concertação política. Argumenta-se, no presente artigo, que esse processo de orquestração engendrou um novo padrão de representatividade nesse campo, mais apto a operar no âmbito de questões amplas, como a ambiental, a indígena e a trabalhista. Propondo um conceito para caracterizar esse padrão, o artigo historiciza o movimento de aproximação política entre tais agentes, aborda seu aparato de justificação, examina conflitos entre eles e investiga os dispositivos que empregam para racionalizar o tratamento das divergências e promover acordos. A pesquisa é fundamentada em oito meses de trabalho de campo, sobretudo no Instituto Pensar Agropecuária, no Congresso Nacional e na sede da Confederação da Agricultura e Pecuária do Brasil.
Optimering og udvikling af elovne Forskning og Udvikling indenfor effektiv elanvendelse (2004)

Denne rapport dokumenterer de resultater, der er opnået gennem forprojektet ?Optimering og udvikling af elovne?. Projektet er gennemført under Elfor PSO ordningen i 2003, hvor en stor del af projektfinansieringen er opnået. Den resterende andel er sket gennem egenfinansiering fra samtlige af de medvirkende projektparter. Rapporten henvender sig primært til bevillingsgiverne samt energirådgivere, herunder elselskabernes energirådgivere. Sekundært henvender rapporten sig til ovnbyggere. Rapporten omhandler opsamling og udvikling af viden omkring energioptimering af elovne imod mere direkte opvarmning, med det formål at minimere ovnenes tab, og dermed hæve virkningsgraden for selve energitjenesten. Projektet består dels af en teoretisk undersøgelsesdel, hvor der redegøres for de forskellige teknikker, virkningsgrader, mv. Efterfølgende indeholder rapporten en række cases, der dokumenterer muligheder for besparelser samt metodikker til realisering af disse besparelser.
Spatial resolution of the molecular alignment in electroclinic liquid crystals (1997)

Field induced deformations of the bookshelf geometry in electroclinic liquid crystals are investigated by means of spatially resolved phase retardation experiments. It is found that the triangular deformation model does not adequately describe the optical data, and underestimates the achievable device contrast ratios. To more correctly model the smectic layer deformation, it is necessary to consider a distribution of molecular directors within a stripe domain.
OPTiSPIM: integrating optical projection tomography in light sheet microscopy extends specimen characterization to nonfluorescent contrasts (2014)

Mesoscopic 3D imaging has become a widely used optical imaging technique to visualize intact biological specimens. Selective plane illumination microscopy (SPIM) visualizes samples up to a centimeter in size with micrometer resolution by 3D data stitching but is limited to fluorescent contrast. Optical projection tomography (OPT) works with fluorescent and nonfluorescent contrasts, but its resolution is limited in large samples. We present a hybrid setup (OPTiSPIM) combining the advantages of each technique. The combination of fluorescent and nonfluorescent high-resolution 3D data into integrated datasets enables a more extensive representation of mesoscopic biological samples. The modular concept of the OPTiSPIM facilitates incorporation of the transmission OPT modality into already established light sheet based imaging setups.
Activation of the Alternative Complement Pathway by Pneumococcal Cell Wall Teichoic Acid (1978)

Abstract Previous studies have shown that the cell wall plays a major role in the activation of the alternative pathway by the pneumococcus. The present studies were performed in order to identify the biochemical component of the pneumococcal cell wall responsible for activating the alternative pathway. Teichoic acids were extracted from purified pneumococcal cell walls by three different procedures, and in each case they were able to activate the alternative pathway at concentrations as low as 3 to 10 µg/ml. In contrast, the residual cell walls, which contained the peptidoglycan, lost their activity in proportion to the amount of teichoic acid that had been extracted. Notably, cell walls extracted with periodate lost over 98% of their teichoic acid and the residual peptidoglycan was unable to activate the alternative pathway at concentrations as high as 1 mg/ml. When an autolysin defective pneumococcal strain is grown in the presence of penicillin, cell wall polymers are secreted into the medium. Crude preparations of secreted cell wall polymers were found to be able to activate the alternative pathway. The activity was removed by absorption with TEPC-15 myeloma with anti-choline specificity. Since both cell wall teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid contain choline and are removed by TEPC-15 absorption, the activity in the crude preparations of cell wall polymers could have been due to one or both of these compounds. However, purified lipoteichoic acid was unable to activate the alternative pathway. Thus, the ability of crude preparations of cell wall polymers to activate the alternative pathway was due to the presence of cell wall teichoic acid. The results of these studies demonstrate that cell wall teichoic acid, rather than peptidoglycan, is responsible for pneumococcal activation of the alternative pathway.
Three-phase four-leg drive for DC-biased sinusoidal current vernier reluctance machine (2018)

This paper proposes a three-phase four-leg inverter for DC-biased sinusoidal current vernier reluctance machine (DC-VRM). By adding an auxiliary bridge arm to the conventional three-phase inverter, the dc field excitation current can be generated. Compared to three-phase H-bridge inverter, the three-phase four-leg inverter greatly reduces the number of power devices. The topology ensures that the stator current can flow in both directions and maximum torque per copper loss can be obtained in DC-VRM. 180° phase-shifted PWM strategy is proposed to produce the DC-biased sinusoidal current. For the validation of the proposed drive and control strategy, the control system of DC-VRM is modeled and emulated in MATLAB/Simulink. Finally, a prototype of the proposed drive is developed and verified in experiment. The experimental results verify that the proposed drive can effectively drive the DC-VRM.
Studies on nutrient elements cyling and density effect in slash pine plantations (1998)

The contents, accumulation and distribution as well as biological cycles of 9 nutrient elements (N,P,K,Ca,Mg,Cu,Fe,Zn,Mn) were studied in four 16-year-old experimental Slash Pine plantations with different density at Lufeng Mountain Forestry Farm in Guangxi Autonomous Region. The results indicated as follows: the total nutrient elements accumulation of various Slash Pine stands amounted to 1273.83-1615.88 kg/hm~(2), of which stem occupied about 60%. The nutrient retention accounted for 111.46-133.39 kg/hm~(2)·a. Nutrient elements^ turnover period is long while cycling rate is lower. The net production per ton needs 13.19-14.81kg nutrient.
Association Between Performance on Timed Up and Go Subtasks and Mild Cognitive Impairment: Further Insights into the Links Between Cognitive and Motor Function (2014)

Mild cognitive impairment is associated with impaired performance on iTUG subtasks that cannot be identified when simply measuring overall duration of performance. Distinctive iTUG tasks were related to particular cognitive domains, demonstrating the specificity of motor-cognitive interactions. Using a single sensor worn on the body for quantification of mobility may facilitate understanding of late-life gait impairments and their interrelationship with cognitive decline.
Tus datos lejos... y seguros: Copias de seguridad en red (2007)

Neuropeptides play vital roles in energy homeostasis in insects and other animals. Although the importance of the regulatory network of neuropeptides in feeding and metabolism has been illuminated, a complete understanding of the mechanisms has not been addressed as many factors are involved in the regulation. CCHamide-2 is a newly identified brain-gut neuropeptide that regulates feeding behavior in several insect species including <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>. However, little is known about the mechanisms controlling the feeding-related behavior and metabolic functions modulated by CCHamide-2 in other insects. In this study, we addressed the functions of CCHamide-2 in the two-spotted cricket, <i>Gryllus bimaculatus</i>, which was used as the experimental material to research the mechanisms of feeding and metabolism in this omnivorous insect species. Knockdown crickets by RNA interference against <i>GbCCHamide-2R</i> increased the amount of food intake, while injection of chemically synthetic GbCCHamide-2 peptide reduced the amount of food intake. Further, knockdown and peptide injection experiments revealed that GbCCHamide-2 signaling increased the concentrations of circulating lipids and carbohydrates, and the carbohydrate-rich diet increased the transcript levels of <i>GbCCHa-2R.</i> Moreover, GbCCHa-2 injection decreased the transcript level of <i>Gbilp</i>. By contrast, GbCCHamide-2 signaling did not affect nymphal growth or the transcript level of <i>GbAKH</i>, as well as feeding preferences. Taken together, CCHamide-2 signaling in <i>G. bimaculatus</i> regulates food intake associated with alterations in lipid and carbohydrate levels in hemolymph.
Efficient and effective retrieval using selective pruning (2013)

Retrieval can be made more efficient by deploying dynamic pruning strategies such as WAND, which do not degrade effectiveness up to a given rank. It is possible to increase the efficiency of such techniques by pruning more 'aggressively'. However, this may reduce effectiveness. In this work, we propose a novel selective framework that determines the appropriate amount of pruning aggressiveness on a per-query basis, thereby increasing overall efficiency without significantly reducing overall effectiveness. We postulate two hypotheses about the queries that should be pruned more aggressively, which generate two approaches within our framework, based on query performance predictors and query efficiency predictors, respectively. We thoroughly experiment to ascertain the efficiency and effectiveness impacts of the proposed approaches, as part of a search engine deploying state-of-the-art learning to rank techniques. Our results on 50 million documents of the TREC ClueWeb09 collection show that by using query efficiency predictors to target inefficient queries, we observe that a 36% reduction in mean response time and a 50% reduction of the response times experienced by the slowest 10% of queries can be achieved while still ensuring effectiveness.
Design and analysis of a metasurface for supporting spoof surface plasmon polaritons (2012)

A chain of complementary split ring resonators (CSRRs) operating at terahertz frequencies have the potential to sustain surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). As a first step, the transmission spectra of a 2D periodic array of scaled CSRRs operating at terahertz frequencies were obtained. A second investigation, explored the effect of a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate on the resonance of CSRRs. These simulations confirm the strong resonance of the CSRRs and their potential for supporting SPPs.
Hsp90α and Hsp90β Co-Operate a Stress-Response Mechanism to Cope With Hypoxia and Nutrient Paucity during Wound Healing (2015)

When tissues are injured and blood vessels clot, the local environment becomes ischemic, meaning that there is a lack of adequate supply of oxygen and glucose delivered to the surrounding cells. The heat shock protein-90 (Hsp90) family proteins protect tissues from various environmental insults and participate in the repair of damaged tissue. Here, we report discovery of a new ischemia-responsive mechanism in which the two Hsp90 isoforms Hsp90α and Hsp90β (also known as HSP90AA1 and HSP90AB1, respectively) work together to promote cell motility in wounded skin and accelerate wound closure. We demonstrate that Hsp90α and Hsp90β have distinct and non-exchangeable functions during wound healing. Under hypoxia and when there is a lack of serum factors, Hsp90β binds to the cytoplasmic tail of the LDL receptor-related protein-1 (LRP-1) and stabilizes the receptor at the cell surface. Hsp90α, however, is secreted by the cell into extracellular space where it binds and signals through the LRP-1 receptor to promote cell motility, leading to wound closure. In addition to skin injury, we suggest that this repair mechanism applies broadly to other non-cutaneous injured tissues.
Agent Oriented Design of a Soccer Robot Team (1996)

The multi-agent paradigm is widely used to provide solutions to a variety of organizational problems related to the collective achievement of one or more tasks. All these problems share a common difficulty of design: how to proceed from a global specification of the collective task to the specification of the local behaviors, which are to be provided to the agents? We have defined the Cassiopeia method whose specificity is to articulate the design of a multi-agent system around the notion of organization. This paper reports the use of this method for designing and implementing the organization of a soccer robot team. We show why we chose this application and how we designed it, we discuss its interest and inherent difficulties, in order to clearly express the needs for a design methodology dedicated to DAI.
Predicting sudden cardiac death in a general population using an electrocardiographic risk score (2020)

Objective We investigated whether combining several ECG abnormalities would identify general population subjects with a high sudden cardiac death (SCD) risk. Methods In a sample of 6830 participants (mean age 51.2±13.9 years; 45.5% male) in the Mini-Finland Health Survey, a general population cohort representative of the Finnish adults aged ≥30 years conducted in 1978–1980, we examined their ECGs, following subjects for 24.3±10.4 years. We analysed the association between individual ECG abnormalities and 10-year SCD risk and developed a risk score using five ECG abnormalities independently associated with SCD risk: heart rate >80 beats per minute, PR duration >220 ms, QRS duration >110 ms, left ventricular hypertrophy and T-wave inversion. We validated the score using an external general population cohort of 10 617 subjects (mean age 44.0±8.5 years; 52.7% male). Results No ECG abnormalities were present in 4563 subjects (66.8%), while 96 subjects (1.4%) had ≥3 ECG abnormalities. After adjusting for clinical factors, the SCD risk increased progressively with each additional ECG abnormality. Subjects with ≥3 ECG abnormalities had an HR of 10.23 (95% CI 5.29 to 19.80) for SCD compared with those without abnormalities. The risk score similarly predicted SCD risk in the validation cohort, in which subjects with ≥3 ECG abnormalities had HR 10.82 (95% CI 3.23 to 36.25) for SCD compared with those without abnormalities. Conclusion The ECG risk score successfully identified general population subjects with a high SCD risk. Combining ECG risk markers may improve the risk stratification for SCD.
Persistent Pain after Spinal Cord Injury Is Maintained by Primary Afferent Activity (2014)

Chronic pain caused by insults to the CNS (central neuropathic pain) is widely assumed to be maintained exclusively by central mechanisms. However, chronic hyperexcitablility occurs in primary nociceptors after spinal cord injury (SCI), suggesting that SCI pain also depends upon continuing activity of peripheral sensory neurons. The present study in rats (Rattus norvegicus) found persistent upregulation after SCI of protein, but not mRNA, for a voltage-gated Na(+) channel, Nav1.8, that is expressed almost exclusively in primary afferent neurons. Selectively knocking down Nav1.8 after SCI suppressed spontaneous activity in dissociated dorsal root ganglion neurons, reversed hypersensitivity of hindlimb withdrawal reflexes, and reduced ongoing pain assessed by a conditioned place preference test. These results show that activity in primary afferent neurons contributes to ongoing SCI pain.
Noninvasive computerized analysis of skin chromophores in vivo by reflectance spectroscopy. (1990)

Reflectance spectroscopy in an objective and accurate method for determining skin colour and has been widely used for measuring physiological variations in skin colour and for monitoring dermatological treatment modalities. Previous studies have used pigment indexes to describe changes in skin colour. Using a multiple regression method to calculate reflectance spectroscopic data, it has been possible to calculate the relative amounts of the different chromophores present in the skin. The technique was found reliable in in vitro tests and in experimentally induced variations in pigment content caused by venous congestion or ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation. In developing UV-induced erythema, the primary events seem to be venous dilatation followed by an increase in blood flow.
Effect of Centrifugal Force Effect on Magneto-Rheological Fluid Clutches (2002)

The property of magnetorheological fluids to change their yield stress depending on applied magnetic fields can be employed to develop many controllable devices one of them being MR fluid based clutches. One major problem however with MR fluid based clutches is that at high rotational speeds, the iron/ferrous particles in the MR fluid centrifuge due to very high centrifugal forces. Thus the particles move outward as the speed increases thereby making the fluid non-homogeneous. Many times however the initial analysis assumes fluid homogeneity, which is really not the case. In this paper this problem is addressed by assuming various volume fraction profiles describing the fluid particle orientation. Two cases, one with a linear profile and the other with an exponential profile are discussed. Expressions for the torque transmitted are derived at for both disc shaped and cylindrical shaped clutches. In addition, the use of a MR sponge based clutch that may indeed reduce the effect of centrifugal forces significantly is described. The design methodology and configuration for the sponge clutch are also discussed. An experimental set up used to test the clutch is also described.
Top‐down proteomic analysis by MALDI‐TOF profiling: Concentration‐independent biomarkers (2008)

Although numerous protein biomarkers have been correlated with advanced disease states, no new clinical assays have been developed. Goals often anticipate disease-specific protein changes that exceed values among healthy individuals, a property common to acute phase reactants. This review considers somewhat different approaches. It focuses on intact protein isoform ratios that present a biomarker without change in the total concentration of the protein. These will seldom be detected by peptide level analysis or by most antibody-based assays. For example, application of an inexpensive method to large sample groups resulted in observation of several polymorphisms, including the first structural polymorphism of apolipoprotein C1. Isoform distribution of this protein was altered and was eventually linked to increased obesity. Numerous other protein isoforms included C- and N-terminal proteolysis, changes of glycoisoform ratios and certain types of sulfhydryl oxidation. While many of these gave excellent statistical correlation with advanced disease, clinical utility was not apparent. More important may be that protein isoform ratios were very stable in each individual. Diagnosis by longitudinal analysis of the same individual might increase sensitivity of protein biomarkers by 20-fold or more. Protein changes that exceed the range of values found among healthy individuals may be uncommon.
AGE-RAGE signal generates a specific NF-κB RelA “barcode” that directs collagen I expression (2016)

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are sugar-modified biomolecules that accumulate in the body with advancing age, and are implicated in the development of multiple age-associated structural and functional abnormities and diseases. It has been well documented that AGEs signal via their receptor RAGE to activate several cellular programs including NF-κB, leading to inflammation. A large number of stimuli can activate NF-κB; yet different stimuli, or the same stimulus for NF-κB in different cellular settings, produce a very different transcriptional landscape and physiological outcome. The NF-κB barcode hypothesis posits that cellular network dynamics generate signal-specific post-translational modifications, or a "barcode" to NF-κB, and that a signature "barcode" mediates a specific gene expression pattern. In the current study, we established that AGE-RAGE signaling results in NF-κB activation that directs collagen Ia1 and Ia2 expression. We further demonstrated that AGE-RAGE signal induces phosphorylation of RelA at three specific residues, T254, S311, and S536. These modifications are required for transcription of collagen I genes and are a consequence of cellular network dynamics. The increase of collagen content is a hallmark of arterial aging, and our work provides a potential mechanistic link between RAGE signaling, NF-κB activation, and aging-associated arterial alterations in structure and function.
Influence of beclobrate on gallstone formation in hamsters. (1983)

Three groups of male Syrian hamsters were fed a lithogenic diet (L), L plus 0.04% ethyl-2-[4-(p-chlorophenyl) methylphenoxy]-2-methylbutyrate (beclobrate); or L plus 0.17% beclobrate. After 60 days, the percentage of hamsters with gallstones on the three diets was 28, 16 and 12, respectively. Biliary phospholipid was not affected, but biliary cholesterol and bile acid were reduced significantly in both test groups.
Integrable models: dynamical mass generation (2003)

In our discussion of one-dimensional physics, more than once we have encountered situations when some relevant interaction scales to strong coupling. In such a situation the original description becomes inapplicable at low energies and must be replaced by some other description. In all previous cases I have restricted the discussion by some qualitative analysis, promising to provide more details later. Now the time is ripe to fulfil the promise.
Stochastic Dominance Without Transitive Preferences (1978)

Traditional definitions of stochastic dominance assume that the decision agent's preference-or-indifference relation on outcomes of risky decisions is transitive. This paper proposes a stochastic dominance relation for the comparison of risky decisions that is applicable to any complete and reflexive preference-or-indifference relation, or to any asymmetric preference relation. The new dominance relation possesses a number of intuitively desirable properties and is equivalent to the usual stochastic dominance relation when preferences are transitive.
Top-k Training of GANs: Improving GAN Performance by Throwing Away Bad Samples (2020)

We introduce a simple (one line of code) modification to the Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) training algorithm that materially improves results with no increase in computational cost: When updating the generator parameters, we simply zero out the gradient contributions from the elements of the batch that the critic scores as `least realistic'. Through experiments on many different GAN variants, we show that this `top-k update' procedure is a generally applicable improvement. In order to understand the nature of the improvement, we conduct extensive analysis on a simple mixture-of-Gaussians dataset and discover several interesting phenomena. Among these is that, when gradient updates are computed using the worst-scoring batch elements, samples can actually be pushed further away from their nearest mode. We also apply our method to recent GAN variants and improve state-of-the-art FID for conditional generation from 9.21 to 8.57 on CIFAR-10.