gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ORCmKit: an open-source library for organic Rankine cycle modelling and analysis (2016)

As for many other technologies, modelling and simulation of organic Rankine cycles (ORCs) are crucial for design, optimization and control purposes. However, model development is often time consuming and the scientific community lacks of open-access tools to study ORC systems. For these reasons, researchers from the universities of Liège and Ghent in Belgium gathered their knowledge and created “ORC modelling Kit” (ORCmKit), an open-source library dedicated to the steady-state simulation and analysis of organic Rankine cycles. Both component-level and cycle-level models are provided and different ORC architectures can be simulated. For each of the main component of ORC systems, different models are available with increasing complexity which allows a wide range of modelling possibilities. In order to remain general and accessible to as many people as possible, three widely used programming languages are covered within ORCmKit, i.e. Matlab, Python and EES (Engineering Equation Solver). Besides source codes, ORCmKit also includes calibration tools for empirical and semi-empirical models as well as a complete documentation for ease of use.
Current advances in research and clinical applications of PLGA-based nanotechnology (2009)

Co-polymer poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanotechnology has been developed for many years and has been approved by the US FDA for the use of drug delivery, diagnostics and other applications of clinical and basic science research, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, vaccine and tissue engineering. This article presents the more recent successes of applying PLGA-based nanotechnologies and tools in these medicine-related applications. It focuses on the possible mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment effects of PLGA preparations and devices. This updated information will benefit to both new and established research scientists and clinical physicians who are interested in the development and application of PLGA nanotechnology as new therapeutic and diagnostic strategies for many diseases.
Synthesis of linear actuators (2001)

The synthesis of electro‐mechanic actuators is formulated as a constrained optimization problem where some performance function of the device is to be met, subject to the satisfaction of some constraints about its dimensions and supply conditions. The optimization problem is tackled by means of a genetic algorithm coupled to a multi‐objective definition of the objective function that merge together objectives and constraints in one single scalar objective function. A fast magnetic analysis tool has been developed so that the computational cost of the genetic optimization run is acceptable. Some results about the synthesis of a tubular linear motor in two sizes are presented and discussed.
Transmitter Laser Frequency Offset Estimation Based on Artificial Neural Network for Coherent Optical Systems (2021)

We propose a machine learning based scheme to estimate transmitter laser frequency offset, which is a nonnegligible factor affecting the performance of transceiver-joint equalization. The estimation error is less than 0.05 GHz.
Active control of shallow cavity acoustic resonance (1996)

Shallow cavity (weapons bay) resonance can be characterized by a standing waveshear layer feedback loop, with sound pressure levels of up to 160 dB occurring in the cavity. Resonance of this magnitude can cause destruction of internal bay instrumentation and degrade weapon performance. Previous cavity resonance control techniques have focused on static methods for specific flight conditions. The current study investigates active cavity resonance suppression techniques, based on manipulation of the cavity shear layer and disruption of the resonance feedback loop. An active leading edge oscillating flap and High Frequency Tone Generator (HFTG) are tested for a range of subsonic to supersonic Mach numbers for various shallow cavity configurations. Parametric changes for the active flap, such as oscillation amplitude and frequency, are studied. Maximum control across a range of Mach numbers occurs for various oscillating flap configurations and oscillation frequencies, indicating the necessity for active control. Reductions in sound pressure levels of up to 30 dB were obtained using the High Frequency Tone Generator (non-optimized).
Unequal burden of head and neck cancer in the United States (2007)

Black Americans clearly bear a greater burden from head and neck cancer. The underlying causes are largely unknown, but are most likely due to a complex interplay of differences in access to health care, quality of medical care, biologic/genetic factors, incidence of comorbid conditions, exposure to carcinogens, diet, and cultural beliefs. Prospective studies are needed to define the relative importance of these factors and to inform intervention strategies.
T lymphocytes in systemic lupus erythematosus: an update (2004)

New findings in the pathophysiology of T cells in lupus and especially the application of novel techniques to correct immune cell aberrations on the transcriptional and translational levels give hope for the development of rational treatments in systemic lupus erythematosus.
Abstract LB003: Combined BRAF, MEK, and PD-1 inhibition in BRAFV600E colorectal cancer patients: Correlative studies from a phase 2 trial (2022)

Abstract Background: Although BRAF inhibitors combined with EGFR and/or MEK inhibitors have improved efficacy in BRAFV600E colorectal cancer (CRC), response rates remain low and clinical benefit is not durable. Preclinical studies suggest that BRAF-targeted therapy in combination with immune checkpoint blockade could enhance anti-tumor activity. We have previously reported on the efficacy from an ongoing phase 2 clinical trial of anti-PD-1 antibody spartalizumab in combination with BRAF inhibitor dabrafenib and MEK inhibitor trametinib in BRAFV600E CRC patients. Of 26 patients, overall response rate (ORR) was 38% (10/26) and compares favorably to the historical controls in BRAFV600E CRC, yet the mechanisms of patient response in this trial need further investigation. Methods: Single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) was performed on 23 paired baseline and day 15 tumor biopsies. Patient-derived organoids (PDOs) were generated from baseline tumor biopsies. Results: scRNA-seq of paired biopsies revealed increased CD8+ T cell infiltration after treatment in patients with better clinical outcome (PFS &amp;gt; 6 months, n=11). From the on- versus pre-treatment differentially expression analysis and gene set enrichment analysis in the tumor epithelial compartment, we observed greater induction and enrichment of immune gene signatures such as antigen processing and presentation, type I and II interferon response, chemokine activity, as well as superior MAPK pathway inhibition with therapy in patients with PFS &amp;gt; 6 months. In comparison, patients with PFS &amp;lt; 6 months (n=12) showed less immune gene upregulation and MAPK pathway inhibition in tumor cells. PDOs treated with dabrafenib and trametinib exhibited gene expression changes that mirrored the changes observed in scRNA-seq of tumor cells in the same patients from which they were derived. BRAF/ERKi treatment in PDOs produced greater MAPK pathway inhibition and immune genes induction than BRAF/MEKi. Conclusion: Correlative studies of combined anti-PD-1 and BRAF/MEK inhibition suggest that the tumor-intrinsic immune response induced by MAPK pathway inhibition might underlie cooperativity between BRAF-targeted therapy and immune checkpoint blockade. A greater degree of immune gene induction in tumor cells could be enhanced by superior MAPK pathway inhibition, which provides rationale for further clinical studies. Citation Format: Jun Tian, Jonathan H. Chen, Sherry X. Chao, Karin Pelka, Vjola Jorgji, Islam Baiev, William B. Bradford, Edmond Wong, Princy Sindurakar, Tomonori Oka, Shadmehr Demehri, Nir Hacohen, Ryan B. Corcoran. Combined BRAF, MEK, and PD-1 inhibition in BRAFV600E colorectal cancer patients: Correlative studies from a phase 2 trial [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr LB003.
Comparisons of the antibody repertoires of a humanized rodent and humans by high throughput sequencing (2019)

ABSTRACT The humanization of animal model immune systems by genetic engineering has shown great promise for antibody discovery, tolerance studies and for the evaluation of vaccines. Assessment of the baseline antibody repertoire of unimmunized model animals will be useful as a benchmark for future immunization experiments. We characterized the heavy chain and kappa chain antibody repertoires of a model animal, the OmniRat, by high throughput antibody sequencing and made use of two novel datasets for comparison to human repertoires. Intra-animal and inter-animal repertoire comparisons reveal a high level of conservation in antibody diversity between the lymph node and spleen and between members of the species. Multiple differences were found in both the heavy and kappa chain repertoires between OmniRats and humans including gene segment usage, CDR3 length distributions, class switch recombination, somatic hypermutation levels and in features of V(D)J recombination. The Inference and Generation of Repertoires (IGoR) software tool was used to model recombination in VH regions which allowed for the quantification of some of these differences. Diversity estimates of the OmniRat heavy chain repertoires almost reached that of humans, around two orders of magnitude less. Despite variation between the species repertoires, a high frequency of OmniRat clonotypes were also found in the human repertoire. These data give insights into the development and selection of humanized animal antibodies and provide actionable information for use in vaccine studies.
The eIF2 kinase PERK and the integrated stress response facilitate activation of ATF6 during endoplasmic reticulum stress (2011)

Disruptions of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that perturb protein folding cause ER stress and elicit an unfolded protein response (UPR) that involves translational and transcriptional changes in gene expression aimed at expanding the ER processing capacity and alleviating cellular injury. Three ER stress sensors (PERK, ATF6, and IRE1) implement the UPR. PERK phosphorylation of the α subunit of eIF2 during ER stress represses protein synthesis, which prevents further influx of ER client proteins. Phosphorylation of eIF2α (eIF2α~P) also induces preferential translation of ATF4, a transcription activator of the integrated stress response. In this study we show that the PERK/eIF2α~P/ATF4 pathway is required not only for translational control, but also for activation of ATF6 and its target genes. The PERK pathway facilitates both the synthesis of ATF6 and trafficking of ATF6 from the ER to the Golgi for intramembrane proteolysis and activation of ATF6. As a consequence, liver-specific depletion of PERK significantly reduces both the translational and transcriptional phases of the UPR, leading to reduced protein chaperone expression, disruptions of lipid metabolism, and enhanced apoptosis. These findings show that the regulatory networks of the UPR are fully integrated and help explain the diverse biological defects associated with loss of PERK.
New plusfactors in an LCD-projector: homogeneous illumination, quick lamp (re-)start, reliable construction, full resolution NTSC (2002)

A novel full-resolution NTSC LCD (liquid crystal display) front-projector has been developed. A novel light collection system leads to a uniformly illuminated and bright picture. A newly developed lamp supply enables quick lamp run-up and restart. High-quality flicker-free images are obtained by introducing gamma-correction and line-doubled scanning. The mechanical system assures an accurate and stable position of the optical components, keeping them dust-free and protecting them against damage by vibration or shocks.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The fish fauna of Brokopondo Reservoir, Suriname, during 40 years of impoundment (2007)

We investigated long-term changes in the fish fauna of Brokopondo Reservoir, Suriname, the first large reservoir (1560 km²) that was created in tropical rainforest. Before closure of the dam in 1964, the fish fauna of Suriname River had 172 species, high diversity and high evenness. The riverine fauna was dominated by small-sized species, but no single species was dominant in numbers. Large catfishes were dominant in biomass. Species were evenly distributed over riverine habitats: rapids, tributaries and main channel. Four years after closure of the dam, only 62 fish species were collected from Brokopondo Reservoir, but the composition of the fish fauna was still changing. The reservoir fauna in 1978 was very similar to the reservoir fauna in 2005, indicating that a stable equilibrium had been reached 14 years after closure of the dam. The reservoir fauna had 41 species, low diversity and low evenness. Most species of Suriname River and its tributaries with strict habitat requirements did not survive in Brokopondo Reservoir. Fish community structure was different among four habitats of Brokopondo Reservoir. The open-water habitat (10 species) was dominated by the piscivores Serrasalmus rhombeus, Acestrorhynchus microlepis and Cichla ocellaris and their prey Bryconops melanurus and two Hemiodus species. B. melanurus fed on zooplankton, Culicinae pupae and terrestrial invertebrates. Hemiodus fed on fine flocculent detritus, demonstrating that the detritus-based food chain was still important in late stages of reservoir development. Serrasalmus rhombeus also fed on peccaries that drowned when swimming across the large reservoir in rough weather. The shore community (27 species) was dominated by seven cichlids, but early stages and juveniles of the open-water species S. rhombeus and B. melanurus also occurred in the shore habitat. Fish biomass in the shore habitat was 66.5±59.9 kg ha-1. The cichlid Geophagus surinamensis and the characid B. melanurus had a lower biomass in Brokopondo Reservoir than in Suriname River. Serrasalmus rhombeus showed reduced body length in Brokopondo Reservoir as compared to riverine populations.
Additive Behavioral Improvement after Combined Cell Therapy and Rehabilitation Despite Long-Term Microglia Presence in Stroke Rats (2021)

Combined cell therapy and rehabilitation additively improved behavioral outcome despite long-term perilesional microglia presence in stroke rats.
Composition of water-soluble organic carbon in non-urban atmospheric aerosol collected at the Storm Peak Laboratory (2013)

Environmental context The organic fraction of atmospheric aerosols is a complex mixture of thousands of species, which play an important role in many atmospheric processes, such as absorbing and scattering solar radiation. We analysed the water-soluble organic fraction of ambient aerosol samples, and quantified over 45 carboxylic acids, sugars, sugar anhydrides and sugar alcohols. The presence of fairly high concentrations of sugars and sugar-alcohols suggests a significant biological input (e.g. pollen, fungi and bacteria) to the water-soluble organic fraction of non-urban aerosols. Abstract Water-soluble organic constituents of PM2.5 aerosol (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter =2.5 µm) have not been well characterised so far. The goal of this work was to perform quantitative analysis of individual water-soluble organic species in aerosol samples collected in July of 2010 at the Storm Peak Laboratory (3210 m above sea level) located in the Colorado Park Range (Steamboat Springs, CO, USA). Aqueous extracts were combined into six composites and analysed for organic carbon (OC), water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), water-insoluble OC, inorganic ions, organic acids, lignin derivatives, sugar-alcohols, sugars and sugar-anhydrates. Analysis of higher molecular weight water-soluble organics was done using ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry. Approximately 2400 positive and 4000 negative ions were detected and assigned to monoisotopic molecular formulae in the mass range of 100–800 Da. The higher number of negative ions reflects a predominant presence of highly oxidised organic compounds. Individual identified organic species represented up to 30 % of the water-soluble organic mass (WSOM). The WSOM fractions of the low molecular weight organic acids, sugars and sugar alcohols were 3–12 %, 1.0–16 % and 0.4–1.9 %. Significant amounts of arabitol, mannitol and oxalic acid are most likely associated with airborne fungal spores and conidia that were observed on the filters using high resolution electron microscopy. Overall, higher concentrations of sugars (glucose, sucrose, fructose etc.) in comparison with biomass burning tracer levoglucosan indicate that a significant mass fraction of WSOC is related to airborne biological species.
Composition and antioxidant activities of Iranian Pulicaria gnaphalodes essential oil in Soybean oil. (2014)

The essential oil from aerial parts of Pulicaria gnaphalodes was studied in soybean oil. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activitiey of Iranian Pulicaria gnaphalodes essential oil in soybean oil during the storage period. The essential oil obtained from Pulicaria gnaphalodes by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC/Mass. Fifty-eight compounds representing 90.7% of total was identified. Main ingredient in the oil were involved α -Pinene (30.2%), 1,8-Cineole (12.1%), Beta-Citronellol (9.6%), Mertenol (6.6%), α-Terpineol (6.1%), 4-Terpineol (5.9%) and Chrysanthenone (2.9%). Different concentrations (0.200, 400 and 800 ppm) of essential oil and β hydroxyl toluene (BHT; 100 and 200 ppm) was added to soybean oil and incubated for 35 days at 65°C. Peroxide values (PVs) and thiobarbitoric acid-reactive substances (TBARs) levels were measured every week during the time period of the study. Moreover, antioxidant capacity of the essential oil was determined using 1,1 diphenyl-2- picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) and β-carotene-linoleic acid methods. Values were compared among groups in each incubation time using ANOVA test. Results revealed that DPPH β-carotene-linolic acid assay findings on the P. gnaphalodes essential oil were lower than these of synthetic antioxidant, BHT. Moreover, during the incubation time, P. gnaphalodes essential oil lowered PVs and TBARs levels when compared to the control (p<0.001). According to our results essential oil was less effective than synthetic antioxidant. Therefore it may be used as a food flavor, natural antioxidant and a preventive agent for many diseases caused by free radicals.
Association of a TLR7 variant with spontaneous clearance of hepatitis B virus infection in Caucasians (2023)

Background Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) is a major part of the innate immune system generating immune responses against hepatitis B virus (HBV). Recently, TLR7 activation has been shown a promising target for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. However, polymorphisms within the TLR7 gene might alter immune responses and therapy efficiency. Therefore, we investigated the impact of the TLR7 polymorphisms rs179008, rs864058 and rs2302267 on the course of HBV infection.
Pre-treating water with non-thermal plasma (2023)

The present invention consists of a method of pre-treatment of adulterated water for distillation, including adulterated water produced during hydraulic fracturing ("fracking") of shale rock during natural gas drilling. In particular, the invention is directed to a method of treating adulterated water, said adulterated water having an initial level of bicarbonate ion in a range of about 250 ppm to about 5000 ppm and an initial level of calcium ion in a range of about 500 ppm to about 50,000 ppm, said method comprising contacting the adulterated water with a non-thermal arc discharge plasma to produce plasma treated water having a level of bicarbonate ion of less than about 100 ppm. Optionally, the plasma treated water may be further distilled.
Construction of 3D volumetric shape model from 2D US images (2011)

The current medical and engineering technologies help us in various fields of surgeries such as surgical simulations, preoperative plannings, intraoperative supports, and diagnostic explanations. In preoperative plannings, the simulation model of the target organ is necessary, and it is usually made from fine images that are obtained by some imaging devices such as CT (Computed Tomography) or MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging). However, these devices are too big to use during the surgery although there is a MRI device that can be used during the operation. On the other hand, the device of Ultrasonography (US Echo) is so handy that it can be easily used during the operation without radiation or magnetic effect; however, US images are not usually used for the construction of 3D model because they have so many noises and are not as clear as CT or MRI. Therefore, we have tried to construct 3D volumetric shape model from 2D US images by using image processing technique. Our concrete target organ and surgery are the aorta and Annuloaortic Ectasia (AAE), respectively.
The Job Controversy (1995)

The brief foregoing account of the overlapping characteristics of a rhetoric of interruption, embracing personal integrity, historiography, and political eloquence within an unfolding of tautologies that is common both to 18th-century narratives and to the book of Job, will help explain some of the passion invested in the conflicts over the interpretation of Job between the mid-1740s and the mid-1760s. At the centre of this conflict stands William Warburton, who is the focus of this chapter — an ambitious divine with strong political affiliations, both theoretical and practical, who wished to rescue Job for orthodoxy and systematic narrative.
Testing and Analysis of a Fast Discharge Homopolar Machine (FDX) (2016)

The Fast Discharge Experiment (FDX) is a 0.36 MJ, 200 V homopolar machine designed to discharge in one millisecond. This experiment is intended to establish the fundamental limitations involved in extracting energy in the shortest time from a flywheel using homopolar conversion. FDX features a room temperature 1.6 x 10 A-t copper coil pulsed by a 5 MJ slow discharge homopolar machine, two 30.5 cm diameter counterrotating aluminum rotors with flame sprayed copper slip rings, low inductance return conductors, coaxial transmission line, four fast closing (30 μsec) 1/2 MA making switches, hydrostatic journal bearings, squeeze film thrust bearings and dual brush activation systems. After initial testing of FDX was completed and data was analyzed, problems limiting performance were identified. Various components of the machine were redesigned and modified to correct these problems. A second set of tests, including short circuit discharges from various speeds, has recently been conducted. Results and analysis of these tests will be presented. New problems encountered as well as recommendations for additional work will also be given.
NADH‐mediated DNA damage induced by a new coenzyme, pyrroloquinoline quinone, in the presence of copper(II) ion (1996)

Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) plays a role as a vitamin or growth factor. Low concentrations of PQQ induced DNA cleavage sites frequently at thymine and cytosine residues in the presence of NADH and Cu(II). Catalase and bathocuproine inhibited DNA damage, whereas free hydroxyl radical scavengers did not. Electron spin resonance and UV-visible spectrometries showed generation of semiquinone radical and superoxide during the reaction of PQQ with NADH. These results suggest that NADH-dependent PQQ redox cycle generated superoxide and hydrogen peroxide to mediate copper-dependent DNA damage. The present study has proposed a requirement to investigate the potentiality of PQQ carcinogenicity.