gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Computational multicopter design (2016)

We present an interactive system for computational design, optimization, and fabrication of multicopters. Our computational approach allows non-experts to design, explore, and evaluate a wide range of different multicopters. We provide users with an intuitive interface for assembling a multicopter from a collection of components (e.g., propellers, motors, and carbon fiber rods). Our algorithm interactively optimizes shape and controller parameters of the current design to ensure its proper operation. In addition, we allow incorporating a variety of other metrics (such as payload, battery usage, size, and cost) into the design process and exploring tradeoffs between them. We show the efficacy of our method and system by designing, optimizing, fabricating, and operating multicopters with complex geometries and propeller configurations. We also demonstrate the ability of our optimization algorithm to improve the multicopter performance under different metrics.
In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestibility of Soybean Oil-in-Water Emulsion Droplets Stabilized by Polyglycerol Esters of Fatty Acid (2012)

The objective of this work was to investigate the influence of polyglycerol esters of monolaurate on the properties of soybean oil-in-water submicron emulsions, with dispersed phase of 1 wt% to 10 wt% soybean oil, passing through an in vitro digestion model. The addition of pancreatic lipase to the emulsions, either alone or in combination with bile extract, led to increases in mean droplet diameter and ζ-potential absolute values. The stability of the submicron emulsions against droplet flocculation and coalescence during gastrointestinal passage was strongly dependent on emulsifier type. The total amount of free fatty acids by the end of the digestion period was fairly similar, regardless of the type emulsifier used. When the dispersed phase concentrations decreased from 10 wt% to 1 wt%, the conversion to free fatty acids ranged from 36.2% to 91.5%.
Cellulose Conversion to Isosorbide in Molten Salt hydrate Media (2010)

An efficient process concept for the production of isosorbide is reported. Lignocellulose (after hemicellulose removal) is treated with a molten salt hydrate ZnCl2 medium in which cellulose is dissolved and reactions proceed: hydrolysis of cellulose to glucose, hydrogenation of glucose to glucitol (sorbitol), and further dehydration of glucitol to isosorbide. The ZnCl2 hydrate medium intensifies hydrolysis and catalyzes dehydration. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as "Supporting Information". Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Plug and Produce for Industry 4.0 using Software-defined Networking and OPC UA (2019)

The manufacturers are in quest for flexible and agile production facilities capable of accommodating changes to product specification. The need for flexible production facilities is stemming from the desire for customized products and fluctuating market trends. Industry 4.0 impels for adaptable manufacturing plants by employing intelligent devices and advanced communication technologies. The complexity of the configuration process determines the adaptability of production facilities to accommodate changes to the production process.We propose a systematic integration process and multi-level production system using Software-defined Networking (SDN) and OPC Unified Architecture (OPC UA) to reduce the configuration complexity to a Plug and Produce level. OPC UA, as a service-oriented middleware, provides the tool-set for semantic modeling and automatic device discovery. However, due to the multicast nature of the OPC UA discovery mechanism, the existing approaches require intelligence at the device level to select the desired device to connect to. In contrast, our proposed solution shifts the intelligence to a centralized SDN controller to route multicast traffic to facilitate device discovery. The combination of an SDN controller and OPC UA discovery enables the integration of new devices by adding more intelligence to the device discovery.
Method of R-functions in the hartmann flow problem (1982)

Calculations are made for the steady laminar plane-parallel flow of a viscous incompressible conducting fluid. (AIP)
Continuous wave intracavity dye laser absorption with an inductively coupled plasma (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTContinuous wave intracavity dye laser absorption with an inductively coupled plasmaS. W. Downey and N. S. NogarCite this: Anal. Chem. 1985, 57, 1, 13–16Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00279a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00279a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views33Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A two-stage deep learning algorithm for talker-independent speaker separation in reverberant conditions (2020)

Speaker separation is a special case of speech separation, in which the mixture signal comprises two or more speakers. Many talker-independent speaker separation methods have been introduced in recent years to address this problem in anechoic conditions. To consider more realistic environments, this paper investigates talker-independent speaker separation in reverberant conditions. To effectively deal with speaker separation and speech dereverberation, extending the deep computational auditory scene analysis (CASA) approach to a two-stage system is proposed. In this method, reverberant utterances are first separated and separated utterances are then dereverberated. The proposed two-stage deep CASA system significantly outperforms a baseline one-stage deep CASA method in real reverberant conditions. The proposed system has superior separation performance at the frame level and higher accuracy in assigning separated frames to individual speakers. The proposed system successfully generalizes to an unseen speech corpus and exhibits similar performance to a talker-dependent system.
Disordered matter studied by x-ray Raman scattering (2011)

Spectroscopy can provide valuable information on the structure of disordered matter beyond that which is available through e.g. x-ray and neutron diffraction. X-ray Raman scattering is a non-resonant element-sensitive process which allows bulk-sensitive measurements of core-excited spectra from light-element samples. In this thesis, x-ray Raman scattering is used to study the local structure of hydrogen-bonded liquids and solids, including liquid water, a series of linear and branched alcohols, and high-pressure ice phases. \n\nConnecting the spectral features to the local atomic-scale structure involves theoretical references, and in the case of hydrogen-bonded systems the interpretation of the spectra is currently actively debated. The systematic studies of the intra- and intermolecular effects in alcohols, non-hydrogen-bonded neighbors in high-pressure ices, and the effect of temperature in liquid water are used to demonstrate different aspects of the local structure that can influence the near-edge spectra. Additionally, the determination of the extended x-ray absorption fine structure is addressed in a momentum-transfer dependent study. This work demonstrates the potential of x-ray Raman scattering for unique studies of the local structure of a variety of disordered light-element systems.
Improved Outcome of African American Multiple Myeloma Patients with Novel Agents and Autologous Stem Cell Transplant (2012)

African Americans (AA) have twice the risk of developing multiple myeloma (MM) and, in prior studies, a higher mortality rate when compared to non-African Americans (non-AA). Novel agents, such as thalidomide, lenalidomide and bortezomib have improved the outcome of MM patients but the impact of these new therapies in AA patients has not been evaluated. In this study, 53 consecutive patients (23 AA, 30 non-AA) with newly diagnosed MM were retrospectively analyzed after induction treatment incorporating a novel agent. AA and non-AA patients were comparable for age, immunoglobulin isotype, stage of disease, serum albumin level, and cytogenetic abnormalities including del13 (27% vs. 38%, respectively, p = NS). Median serum level of â2 microglobulin at diagnosis was higher in AA than non-AA (5.9 mg/L vs. 3.5 mg/L, p = 0.024). Using the international uniform criteria, response rates to induction therapy were not statistically different between AA and non-AA: overall response rate (ORR, 91% vs. 77%), complete remission (CR, 22% vs. 27%), very good partial remission (VGPR, 26% vs. 20%), or partial remission (PR, 43% vs. 30%). However, rate of progressive disease was significantly higher in non-AA patients (p = 0.03). Of 53 patients, 46 (20 AA, 26 non-AA) received standard high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT). With a median follow-up of 47 months, the ORR to ASCT was 89% in AA and 85% in non-AA, CR+VGPR rates were 61% in AA and 45% in non-AA (p = NS). Disease-free survival (DFS) was 28 months in AA and 17 months in non-AA (p = NS). Five patients (all non-AA) died, 4 of 5 due to progression of disease. Response rates of AA patients treated with novel agents followed by ASCT were then compared to 38 consecutive historical AA patients receiving conventional induction chemotherapy followed by ASCT at our center. After utilizing novel agents the ORR in AA patients increased from 56% to 89% (p = 0.02). Median DFS also improved from 21 to 28 months (p = 0.43). Our findings demonstrate that despite the AA population having double the incidence of multiple myeloma, AA patients respond well to novel agents followed by ASCT. These results also suggest that differences in long term survival between AA and non-AA MM patients observed in previous studies could be due to limited access to care rather than biologic causes.
Bio-based Self-healing Mortar: An Experimental and Numerical Study (2017)

Self-healing concrete can repair itself by closing micro-cracks and thus protect itself from ingress of deleterious gasses and liquids that can affect its durability. Many self-healing concepts have been developed in the recent years which target on the recovery of water tightness after cracking. Among those systems, the bio-based healing agents have shown promising results regarding the crack sealing performance. This paper studies the crack sealing efficiency of bio-based healing mortar with expanded clay particles. The investigation of sealing performance is conducted through experimental and computational approaches. Image processing and crack permeability test results are compared with results obtained by computer simulations. The study reveals that the experimental approaches might overestimate the crack closure percentage, while the computer simulation mostly underestimates the crack sealing. Finally, recommendations are given to improve the results obtained by both methodologies.
Fast vessel segmentation in retinal images using multiscale enhancement and second-order local entropy (2012)

Retinal vasculature is one of the most important anatomical structures in digital retinal photographs. Accurate segmentation of retinal blood vessels is an essential task in automated analysis of retinopathy. This paper presents a new and effective vessel segmentation algorithm that features computational simplicity and fast implementation. This method uses morphological pre-processing to decrease the disturbance of bright structures and lesions before vessel extraction. Next, a vessel probability map is generated by computing the eigenvalues of the second derivatives of Gaussian filtered image at multiple scales. Then, the second order local entropy thresholding is applied to segment the vessel map. Lastly, a rule-based decision step, which measures the geometric shape difference between vessels and lesions is applied to reduce false positives. The algorithm is evaluated on the low-resolution DRIVE and STARE databases and the publicly available high-resolution image database from Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (Germany). The proposed method achieved comparable performance to state of the art unsupervised vessel segmentation methods with a competitive faster speed on the DRIVE and STARE databases. For the high resolution fundus image database, the proposed algorithm outperforms an existing approach both on performance and speed. The efficiency and robustness make the blood vessel segmentation method described here suitable for broad application in automated analysis of retinal images.
Selective Vulnerability of Mouse CNS Neurons to Latent Infection with a Neuroattenuated Herpes Simplex Virus-1 (1996)

Herpes simplex viruses that lack ICP34.5 are neuroattenuated and are presently being considered for cancer and gene therapy in the nervous system. Previously, we documented the focal presence of the latency-associated transcripts (LATs) in the hippocampi of immunocompromised mice after intracranial (IC) inoculation of an ICP34.5-deficient virus called strain 1716. To characterize further the biological properties of strain 1716 in the CNS of immunocompetent mice, we determined the extent of viral gene expression in different cell types and regions of the CNS after stereotactic IC inoculation of this virus. At survival times of > 30 d after inoculation, we found that (1) infectious virus was not detectable by titration and immunohistochemical studies; (2) neurons harbored virus as demonstrated by the detection of the LATs by in situ hybridization (ISH); (3) transcripts expressed during the lytic cycle of infection were not detected by ISH; and (4) subsets of neurons were selectively vulnerable to latent infection, depending on the site of inoculation. These results suggest that the absence of ICP34.5 does not abrogate latent infection of the CNS by strain 1716. Additional studies of strain 1716 in the model system described here will facilitate the elucidation of the mechanisms that regulate the selective vulnerability of CNS cells to latent viral infection and lead to the development of ICP34.5 mutant viruses as therapeutic vectors for CNS diseases.
Byron and Russia (1981)

Among the numerous paradoxes characteristic of Byron’s personality, of his work and posthumous reputation, scholars have long pointed out the conspicuous difference between his significance in England and his stature in other European countries as well as in America. Britain’s attitude was, after a few years of extravagant admiration, generally hostile, to be succeeded only at the close of the century by serious study which, however, resulted in only a very moderate appreciation of his poetic gift. Continental Europe and America were far more constant in their high regard for the poet.
Retrotransposons and siRNA have a role in the evolution of desiccation tolerance leading to resurrection of the plant Craterostigma plantagineum (2008)

* Craterostigma plantagineum can lose up to 96% of its water content but fully recover within hours after rehydration. The callus tissue of the plant becomes desiccation tolerant upon pre-incubation with abscisic acid (ABA). In callus and vegetative organs, ABA addition and water depletion induce a set of dehydration-responsive genes. * Previously, activation tagging led to the isolation of Craterostigma desiccation tolerant (CDT-1), a dehydration-related ABA-inducible gene which renders callus desiccation tolerant without ABA pre-treatment. This gene belongs to a family of retroelements, members of which are inducible by dehydration. * Craterostigma plantagineum transformation with mutated versions of CDT-1 indicated that protein is not required for the induction of callus desiccation tolerance. Northern analysis and protoplast transfection indicated that CDT-1 directs the synthesis of a double-stranded 21-bp short interfering RNA (siRNA), which opens the metabolic pathway for desiccation tolerance. * Via transposition, these retroelements have progressively increased the capacity of the species to synthesize siRNA and thus recover after dehydration. This may be a case of evolution towards the acquisition of a new trait, stimulated by the environment acting directly on intra-genomic DNA replication.
New rate-2 STBC design for 2 TX with reduced-complexity maximum likelihood decoding (2009)

We propose a new full-rate space-time block code (STBC) for two transmit antennas which can be designed to achieve maximum diversity or maximum capacity while enjoying optimized coding gain and reduced-complexity maximum-likelihood (ML) decoding. The maximum transmit diversity (MTD) construction provides a diversity order of 2N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</sub> for any number of receive antennas N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</sub> at the cost of channel capacity loss. The maximum channel capacity (MCC) construction preserves the mutual information between the transmit and the received vectors while sacrificing diversity. The system designer can switch between the two constructions through a simple parameter change based on the operating signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), signal constellation size and number of receive antennas. Thanks to their special algebraic structure, both constructions enjoy low-complexity ML decoding proportional to the square of the signal constellation size making them attractive alternatives to existing full-diversity full-rate STBCs in [6], [3] which have high ML decoding complexity proportional to the fourth order of the signal constellation size. Furthermore, we design a differential transmission scheme for our proposed STBC, derive the exact ML differential decoding rule, and compare its performance with competitive schemes. Finally, we investigate transceiver design and performance of our proposed STBC in spatial multiple-access scenarios and over frequency-selective channels.
Structural Basis for Broad Detection of Genogroup II Noroviruses by a Monoclonal Antibody That Binds to a Site Occluded in the Viral Particle (2012)

Human noroviruses are genetically and antigenically highly divergent. Monoclonal antibodies raised in mice against one kind of norovirus virus-like particle (VLP), however, were found to have broad recognition. In this study, we present the crystal structure of the antigen-binding fragment (Fab) for one of these broadly reactive monoclonal antibodies, 5B18, in complex with the capsid-protruding domain from a genogroup II genotype 10 (GII.10) norovirus at 3.3-Å resolution and, also, the cryo-electron microscopy structure of the GII.10 VLP at ∼10-Å resolution. The GII.10 VLP structure was more similar in overall architecture to the GV.1 murine norovirus virion than to the prototype GI.1 human norovirus VLP, with the GII.10 protruding domain raised ∼15 Å off the shell domain and rotated ∼40° relative to the GI.1 protruding domain. In the crystal structure, the 5B18 Fab bound to a highly conserved region of the protruding domain. Based on the VLP structure, this region is involved in interactions with other regions of the capsid and is buried in the virus particle. Despite the occluded nature of the recognized epitope in the VLP structure, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) binding suggested that the 5B18 antibody was able to capture intact VLPs. Together, the results provide evidence that the norovirus particle is capable of extreme conformational flexibility, which may allow for antibody recognition of conserved surfaces that would otherwise be buried on intact particles.
A method for defining targets in contemporary incisor inclination correction (2008)

Different craniofacial properties require individual targets in incisor inclination. These requirements are mostly scheduled on the basis of cephalometric diagnosis, but, however, performed using straightwire appliances, which refer to third-order angles and not to cephalometric data. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between incisor third-order angles, incisor inclination, and skeletal craniofacial findings in untreated ideal occlusion subjects with natural dentoalveolar compensation of skeletal variation, in order to link the field of cephalometric assessment of incisor inclination with that of contemporary orthodontic incisor inclination correction. This study utilized lateral cephalograms and corresponding dental casts of 69 untreated Caucasians (21 males and 48 females between 12 and 35 years of age) with neutral (Angle Class I) molar and canine relationships and an incisor relationship that was sagittaly and vertically considered as ideal by three orthodontists (i.e. well supported by the antagonistic teeth and without the need for either deep or open bite correction). Upper (U1) and lower (L1) axial incisor inclinations were assessed with reference to the cephalometric lines NA and NL, and NB and ML, respectively. Sagittal and vertical skeletal relationships were classified using SNA (SNB) and NSL-ML (NSL-NL) angles. Third-order angles (U1TA and L1TA) were derived from direct dental cast measurements using an incisor inclination-recording appliance. The relationships between cephalometric and third-order measurements evaluated by calculating Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients (a = 0.05) showed strong correlations between cephalometric axial inclination data (U1NA/deg, L1NB/deg, U1NA/mm, L1NB/mm, U1NL, and L1ML) and sagittal-skeletal data, but no significant relationship between skeletal-vertical findings and incisor inclination. The mean U1TA was 4.9 (standard deviation [SD] 5.85) and the mean L1TA -3.0 (SD 6.9) degrees. Regression analyses were used for axial inclination (ANB angle designated as the independent variable) and for third-order data (U1NA, L1NB, U1NL, and L1ML designated as independent variables). Based on the correlations found in this study, a novel method for defining targets in upper and lower incisor third-order correction according to natural standards is presented. As a consequence, third-order movements can be adapted to cephalometric diagnosis with enhanced accuracy.