gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multidimensional Hybrid Modulations for Ultrahigh-Speed Optical Transport (2011)

From Shanon's theory, we know that information capacity is a logarithmic function of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) but a linear function of the number of dimensions. By increasing the number of dimensions <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$D$</tex></formula> , we can dramatically improve the spectral efficiency. At the same time, in <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$D$</tex></formula> -dimensional space <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">$(D\ &gt;\ 2)$</tex></formula> , for the same average symbol energy, we can increase the Euclidean distance between signal constellation points compared with the conventional in-phase (I)/quadrature (Q) 2-D signal space. The 4-D space, with two phase coordinates per polarization, has already been intensively studied. To satisfy the ever-increasing bandwidth demands, in this paper, we propose the <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$D$</tex> </formula> -dimensional signaling <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$(D\ &gt;\ 4)$</tex></formula> by employing all available degrees of freedom for transmission over a single carrier including amplitude, phase, polarization, and orbital angular momentum (OAM). The proposed modulation scheme can be called hybrid <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$D$</tex></formula> -dimensional modulation as it employs all available degrees of freedom. The proposed hybrid 8-D coded-modulation scheme outperforms its 4-D counterpart by 3.97 dB at a bit error rate (BER) of <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$10^{-8}$</tex></formula> while outperforming its corresponding polarization-division-multiplexed (PDM) iterative polar quantization (IPQ)-based counterpart by even a larger margin of 6.41 dB (at the same BER). The improvement of the proposed scheme for two amplitude levels per dimension and <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$D = 8$</tex></formula> over conventional PDM 64-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) is indeed a striking 8.28 dB at a BER of <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX"> $2 \times 10^{-8}$</tex></formula> .
Spectroscopic analysis of epoxidised jatropha oil (EJO) and acrylated epoxidised jatropha oil (AEJO) (2017)

The non-edible seed oil of the Jatropha plant is a renewable and sustainable material to produce vegetable oil-based epoxy and epoxy acrylate as raw polymeric material. The objective of this study is to synthesis Jatropha seed oil-based epoxy and acrylate epoxy resins through conventional methods. An epoxy ring of Epoxidised Jatropha Oil (EJO) was formed through an in-situ epoxidation process using hydrogen peroxide and formic acid as an oxygen donor and oxygen carrier respectively. Acrylated Epoxidised Jatropha Oil (AEJO) was produced by reacting EJO with acrylic acid with the existence of triethylamine and 4-methoxyphenol as a catalyst and inhibitor respectively. The measured oxirane-oxygen content (OOC) of EJO was 4.99%. The acid value of the AEJO was determined at 4.42 mg KOH/g. Both the EJO and AEJO were characterised by FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopies.
Optical patterning of multidomain LCDs (1997)

Abstract— Recent progress made in photo‐aligning liquid crystals in twisted‐nematic (TN) and supertwisted‐nematic (STN) displays by linear photopolymerization (LPP) technology are outlined. LPP alignment makes it possible to achieve high‐resolution azimuthal LC‐director patterns with defined bias‐tilt angles in LCDs and the generation of optically patterned retarders and polarization interference filters on single substrates. LPP alignment is shown to render stable multi‐domain field‐effect displays, such as TN‐ and STN‐LCDs, feasible with much broader fields of view than today's single‐domain displays.
The Estimation of the Molecular Weight of Polytetrafluoroethylene Based on the Heat of Crystallisation. A Comment on Suwa's Equation (2004)

Abstract Summary: The influence of number‐average molecular weight $\overline M _{\rm n}$ ranging from 1.4 · 10 4 to 1.2 · 10 6 g/mol on the thermal behaviour of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) has been studied. Samples have been prepared by radiation‐induced degradation of commercial PTFE. The molecular weight $\overline M _{\rm n}$ has been calculated using end‐group concentration determined by infrared (IR) spectroscopy and 19 F solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Melting and crystallisation heats were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results have been discussed with respect to quantitative relationships between number‐average molecular weight and heat of crystallisation of PTFE described in the literature. The molecular weight calculated from Suwa's equation, which is often used in the literature, has been found to be too low. Concentration of end‐groups and the molecular weight of PTFE versus the irradiation dose. image Concentration of end‐groups and the molecular weight of PTFE versus the irradiation dose.
Microbial Pentose Metabolism (2004)

Speakers were asked to provide quantitative data on the performance of different xylose- (or, in one instance, arabinose-) fermenting strains in laboratory media and, where possible, in “industrial” media prepared by hydrolysis of native lignocellulosic substrates. The data provided are presented in Table 1, which gives an indication of the performance of the various strains but should not be taken as a rigorous comparison. In particular, there is considerable variation in the extent of nutritional supplementation of the various media and the degree of detoxification of the hydrolysates. References provided by some of the speakers are also given (1–6).
Phylogenetic Analyses and Expression Studies Reveal Two Distinct Groups of Calreticulin Isoforms in Higher Plants (2003)

Calreticulin (CRT) is a multifunctional protein mainly localized to the endoplasmic reticulum in eukaryotic cells. Here, we present the first analysis, to our knowledge, of evolutionary diversity and expression profiling among different plant CRT isoforms. Phylogenetic studies and expression analysis show that higher plants contain two distinct groups of CRTs: a CRT1/CRT2 group and a CRT3 group. To corroborate the existence of these isoform groups, we cloned a putative CRT3 ortholog from Brassica rapa. The CRT3 gene appears to be most closely related to the ancestral CRT gene in higher plants. Distinct tissue-dependent expression patterns and stress-related regulation were observed for the isoform groups. Furthermore, analysis of posttranslational modifications revealed differences in the glycosylation status among members within the CRT1/CRT2 isoform group. Based on evolutionary relationship, a new nomenclature for plant CRTs is suggested. The presence of two distinct CRT isoform groups, with distinct expression patterns and posttranslational modifications, supports functional specificity among plant CRTs and could account for the multiple functional roles assigned to CRTs.
Development and Validation of an Instrument To Assess the Self-Confidence of Students Enrolled in the Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience. (2002)

The purpose of this study was to develop a reliable and valid instrument to measure pharmacy students’ selfconfidence and to determine the effect of selected student demographic variables as independent predictors of the students’ level of self-confidence. The instrument was developed with an underpinning in the self-efficacy theory. Generated instrument items were based on literature review and informal interviews with preceptors/faculty members. Following content validation by internal and national content review panels, the instrument was pilot tested with a sample of 260 students from six colleges of phar macy and revised based on the results of exploratory factor analysis. Subsequently, a revised instrument was administered to 837 students from 13 colleges of pharmacy and revised based on confirmatory factor analysis and replication of item analysis. The results indicated that the instrument had content validity, high internal consistency reliability, and convergent and discriminant validity. A three-factor structure was identified and interpreted as representing three subscales: knowledge base and pharmaceutical care, professionalism, and communication skills. Several demographic variables (e.g., age, GPA, community service/volunteerism along with level of involvement) were found to be significant predictors of students’ level of self -confidence (P<0.05). Further testing of the instrument would provide more comprehensive evidence for its construct validity when assessing students’ level of self -confidence. Ultimately, the instrument may allow pharmacy educators to assess student confidence and when necessary, develop methods to balance student confidence with knowledge/skills prior to entering practice
Conversion of 5-S-methyl-5-thio-D-ribose to methionine in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Stable isotope incorporation studies of the terminal enzymatic reactions in the pathway. (1990)

Extracts of Klebsiella pneumoniae convert 5-S-methyl-5-thio-D-ribose (methylthioribose) to methionine and formate. To probe the terminal steps of this biotransformation, [1-13C]methylthioribose has been synthesized and its metabolism examined. When supplemented with Mg2+, ATP, L-glutamine, and dioxygen, cell-free extracts of K. pneumoniae converted 50% of the [1-13C]methylthioribose to [13C]formate. The formation of [13C]formate was established by 13C and 1H NMR spectroscopy studies of the purified formate, and by 13C and 1H NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry studies of its p-phenylphenacyl derivative. By contrast, no incorporation of label from [1-13C]methylthioribose into the biosynthesized methionine was detected by either mass spectrometry or 13C and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The most reasonable interpretation of these results is that C-1 of methylthioribose is converted directly to formate concomitant with the conversion of carbon atoms 2-5 to methionine. The penultimate step in the conversion of methylthioribose to methionine and formate is an oxidative carbon-carbon bond cleavage reaction in which an equivalent of dioxygen is consumed. To investigate the fate of the dioxygen utilized in this reaction, the metabolism of [1-13C]methylthioribose in the presence of 18O2 was also examined. Mass spectrometry revealed the biosynthesis of substantial amounts of both [18O1]methionine and [13C, 18O1]formate under these conditions. These results suggest that the oxidative transformation in the conversion of methylthioribose to methionine and formate may be catalyzed by a novel intramolecular dioxygenase. A mechanism for this dioxygenase is proposed.
Quasicrystalline phase-change memory (2020)

Phase-change memory utilizing amorphous-to-crystalline phase-change processes for reset-to-set operation as a nonvolatile memory has been recently commercialized as a storage class memory. Unfortunately, designing new phase-change materials (PCMs) with low phase-change energy and sufficient thermal stability is difficult because phase-change energy and thermal stability decrease simultaneously as the amorphous phase destabilizes. This issue arising from the trade-off relationship between stability and energy consumption can be solved by reducing the entropic loss of phase-change energy as apparent in crystalline-to-crystalline phase-change process of a GeTe/Sb<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3</sub> superlattice structure. A paradigm shift in atomic crystallography has been recently produced using a quasi-crystal, which is a new type of atomic ordering symmetry without any linear translational symmetry. This paper introduces a novel class of PCMs based on a quasicrystalline-to-approximant crystalline phase-change process, whose phase-change energy and thermal stability are simultaneously enhanced compared to those of the GeTe/Sb<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3</sub> superlattice structure. This report includes a new concept that reduces entropic loss using a quasicrystalline state and takes the first step in the development of new PCMs with significantly low phase-change energy and considerably high thermal stability.
Electric arc plasma generator of alternating current on steam-air mixtures for plasmachemical applications (2008)

This paper is dedicated to characteristic features of operation of the high-voltage plasma generator of alternating current with rod electrodes working on a steam-air mixture. Current-voltage and volt-consumption characteristics, characteristic oscillograms of work, and results of research of influence of relationship of steam and air on electric arc parameters are represented. Researches were carried out by means of a specially developed hardware-software complex.
An analysis of surface and bottom effects on CALIOP-derived waveforms in shallow waters of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence (2016)

International audience
Enhanced Cross-Linked Density by Annealing on Fluorinated Polymers Synthesized via Initiated Chemical Vapor Deposition To Prevent Surface Reconstruction (2013)

Thin films of 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl acrylate copolymerized with the cross-linker divinylbenzene (p(PFDA-co-DVB)) were synthesized via initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD). The vapor deposited approach is significant as the fluorinated monomer and hydrocarbon cross-linker lack a common solvent. Changes in physical and chemical properties in the copolymers before and after an annealing treatment were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), atomic force microscopy (AFM), contact angle (CA) measurements with water and mineral oil, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and nanoindentation. Cross-linking results in lower CA hysteresis than measured for the iCVD p(PFDA) homopolymer. Furthermore, annealing improves the extent of reaction of the vinyl bonds on the DVB units incorporated into the film. This further enhancement in the cross-linking density is correlated with an additional reduction in the CA hysteresis observed after annealing of the p(PFDA-co-DVB) films. CA hysteresis values with water as low as 5° were achieved while maintaining advancing angles θ > 130°. For mineral oil, CA hysteresis was found to be lower than 1° with θ > 85°. The cross-linking is concluded to provide a steric barrier to the reconstruction of the surface fluorinated groups when switching between dry and wet conditions and is a primary factor in the observed reduction in CA hysteresis.
Drastic alteration of cycloheximide sensitivity by substitution of one amino acid in the L41 ribosomal protein of yeasts (1992)

Cycloheximide is one of the antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis in most eukaryotic cells. We have found that a yeast, Candida maltosa, is resistant to the drug because it possesses a cycloheximide-resistant ribosome, and we have isolated the gene responsible for this. In this study, we sequenced this gene and found that the gene encodes a protein homologous to the L41 ribosomal protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, whose amino acid sequence has already been reported. Two genes for L41 protein, named L41a and L41b, independently present in the genome of S. cerevisiae, were isolated. L41-related genes were also isolated from a few other yeast species. Each of these genes has an intron at the same site of the open reading frame. Comparison of their deduced amino acid sequences and their ability to confer cycloheximide resistance to S. cerevisiae, when introduced in a high-copy-number plasmid, suggested that the 56th amino acid residue of the L41 protein determines the sensitivity of the ribosome to cycloheximide; the amino acid is glutamine in the resistant ribosome, whereas that in the sensitive ribosome is proline. This was confirmed by constructing a cycloheximide-resistant strain of S. cerevisiae having a disrupted L41a gene and an L41b gene with a substitution of the glutamine codon for the proline codon.
Geo-targeted Emergency Alert Messaging to Direct-to-Home (DTH) subscribers (2022)

Providing effective and targeted emergency alert information to the vulnerable populations in a timely manner using reliable communication media having better outreach can be helpful in catalyzing the process of comprehensive emergency management. Last mile reachability to the masses can be ensured by emergency alert information dissemination through multiple media. Strong influence with a high degree of trust and coverage makes the dominance of television among different dissemination media with respect to alert message dissemination. The penetration of DTH services among the masses in the television sector can be further utilized for building resilience and improving risk management capabilities. Current systems lack effectiveness due to manual intervention and do not address geo-targeted alerting in vernacular languages. The proposed solution is aimed to provide location-specific emergency alerting to DTH subscribers without impacting the current architecture of DTH systems, affecting the commercials, and interrupting the running live content of broadcasters. The research also explores different emergency message display mechanisms available with the DTH operators and presents the complete workflow of the system.
Acoustic wave propagation along cladded fibers of cubic crystal symmetry (1995)

An approximate method is proposed to analyze the acoustic wave propagation characteristics in nonpiezoelectric cladded fibers of cubic crystal symmetry. The fiber axis coincides with the crystalline Z axis. This approximate method utilizes coupled mode equations and the exact solutions for the corresponding cladded isotropic fiber are used as the approximation base. We concentrate our analysis on cubic fibers with weak anisotropy where the first order approximation obtained from the coupled mode equations can provide accurate results. Dispersion curves of a few lower order flexural, torsional and radial-axial modes in such a fiber with infinite cladding are presented for the first time. Higher order approximations are also discussed. We show the accuracy of the perturbation formula, reveal that the torsional and radial-axial modes are not pure in cubic fibers, and inspect the modal birefringence phenomenon.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Novel Snakebite Therapeutics Must Be Tested in Appropriate Rescue Models to Robustly Assess Their Preclinical Efficacy (2020)

In the field of antivenom research, development, and manufacture, it is often advised to follow the World Health Organization's (WHO) guidelines for the production, control, and regulation of snake antivenom immunoglobulins, which recommend the use of preincubation assays to assess the efficacy of snakebite therapeutics. In these assays, venom and antivenom are mixed and incubated prior to in vivo administration to rodents, which allows for a standardizable comparison of antivenoms with similar characteristics. However, these assays are not necessarily sufficient for therapeutics with significantly different pharmacological properties than antibody-based antivenoms, such as small molecule inhibitors, nanoparticles, and other modalities. To ensure that the in vivo therapeutic utility of completely novel toxin-neutralizing molecules with no history of use in envenoming therapy and variable pharmacokinetics is properly evaluated, such molecules must also be tested in preclinical rescue assays, where rodents are first challenged with appropriate doses of venoms or toxins, followed by the administration of neutralizing modalities after an appropriate time delay to better mimic the real-life scenarios faced by human snakebite victims. Such an approach takes the venom (or toxin) toxicokinetics, the drug pharmacokinetics, and the drug pharmacodynamics into consideration. If new modalities are only assessed in preincubation assays and not subjected to evaluation in rescue assays, the publication of neutralization data may unintentionally misrepresent the actual therapeutic efficacy and suitability of the modality being tested, and thus potentially misguide strategic decision making in the research and development of novel therapies for snakebite envenoming.
The pharmacology of hSK1 Ca2+‐activated K+ channels expressed in mammalian cell lines (2000)

The pharmacology of hSK1, a small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel, was studied in mammalian cell lines (HEK293 and COS-7). In these cell types, hSK1 forms an apamin-sensitive channel with an IC(50) for apamin of 8 nM in HEK293 cells and 12 nM in COS-7 cells. The currents in HEK293 cells were also sensitive to tubocurarine (IC(50)=23 microM), dequalinium (IC(50)=0.4 microM), and the novel dequalinium analogue, UCL1848 (IC(50)=1 nM). These results are very different from the pharmacology of hSK1 channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes and suggest the properties of the channel may depend on the expression system. Our findings also raise questions about the role of SK1 channels in generating the apamin-insensitive slow afterhyperpolarization observed in central neurones.
ADENOVIRUS TYPE 4 IN MELBOURNE, 1969‐1971 (1974)

Over the two-year period November, 1969, to October, 1971, 71 strains of adenovirus type 4 were isolated from 66 patients investigated by the virus laboratory, Fairfield Hospital for Communicable Diseases, Melbourne. The diseases most commonly associated with these isolations were pharyngitis, conjunctivitis and pharyngoconjunctival fever.
Maximizing coverage in multi-transmitter digital simulcast (2002)

In this paper we address the problem of antenna placement in multi-transmitter digital simulcast, where a number of RF carriers in a common frequency allocation impinge upon a mobile unit from a number of different base-stations. Interference between the multiple carriers may be tolerated at the receiver provided that the differential delay is small relative to the symbol period. The relative placement of the basestations is critical therefore to assure maximum radio coverage. By assuming a simplistic propagation model we arrive at a mechanism for maximizing the coverage in multi-transmitter digital simulcast which utilizes system parameters such as baud rate, capture ratio and the maximum differential delay tolerable at the receiver; what is considered to be a "tolerable" delay can be determined by link-level simulations or measurements. Under such a scenario, we arrive at simple design rules specifying the maximum separation of antennas.