gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acidification in the rat proximal jejunum. (1975)

1. Production of hydrogen ions by the rat proximal jejunum was investigated using the everted sac technique. 2. Acidification occurred in the absence of glucose, increasing on addition of glucose to reach a maximal value. An apparent Km of 1-78 mM was derived for the glucose-dependent process. 3. Acidification in the presence of glucose was inhibited by 10 mM-2:4-dinitrophenol, 10 mM phlorrhizin, 10 mM aminophylline and anaerobiosis. 4. Histamine, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), ouabain and acetazolamide, compounds known to alter acid production in gastric mucosa had no effect on jejunal acidification. 5. Galactose and 3-O-methylglucose failed to increase acidification; in contrast, mannose and fructose did lead to increases, indicating metabolic origin of the hydrogen ions. 6. Serosal and mucosal lactate production were measured and the calculated percentage of hydrogen ions possibly derived from this source was shown to account for only a small proportion of acidification. 7. The greatest increase in acidification with minimal simultaneous production of lactate occurred with ATP which was shown not to enter intestinal tissues. 8. A hypothesis for acidification, that of the break-down at the mucosal surface of ATP from intracellular metabolic sources, is proposed and its relevance to the postulated microclimate is discussed.
Activation of PI3K-d signaling pathway contributes to the generation of mitochondrial ROS and NLRP3 inflammasome in HDM-inhaled mice (2014)

House dust mites (HDM) are one of the commonest aeroallergens worldwide. NLRP3 is one of pattern recognition receptor (PRR) systems activated by HDM extract in airway epithelial cells. However, there is little available information on the molecular mechanisms related to the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in this situation. In this study, we have investigated the effects of IC87114, a representative inhibitor of PI3K-δ isoform, on the HDM-induced airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness. In addition, we tried to define the role of PI3K-δ in the HDM-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in airways using primary cultured tracheal epithelial cells.HDM-sensitized and -challenged mice showed the typical allergic airway inflammation and hyperresponsivenss, and the increased levels of Th2 cytokines, IL-17, IL-1β, and TNF-α in lungs. Moreover, we found the increases of mitochondrial ROS and the NLRP3 inflammasome activation in HDM-exposed lung. Very interestingly, the administration of IC87114 decreased the asthmatic features in HDM-sensitized and -challenged mice. Primary cultured tracheal epithelial cells from HDM-inhaled mice showed the increased expression of NLRP3 compared to the levels in cells from control mice. Pretreatment with IC87114 or transfection of siRNA for PI3K-δ dramatically reduced the expression of NLRP3 protein in primary cultured tracheal epithelial cells from HDM-inhaled mice. These findings suggest that PI3K-δ plays an important role in HDM-induced bronchial asthma through the regulation of NLRP3 activation mediated by mitochondrial ROS.
Silicon Embedded Nanoporous Carbon Composite for the Anode of Li Ion Batteries (2012)

Silicon-embedded nanoporous carbon composites were designed and fabricated for application as an active anode material in lithium ion batteries. The nanoporous carbon matrix with pore sizes of 80–100 nm was prepared using silica nanoparticle templates, and the pores of the carbon matrix were partially filled with silicon nanostructures using metal-catalyzed vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) growth of silicon. The porous carbon matrix surrounding the silicon nanomaterials acts as an effective buffer material, which decreases pulverization of the silicon. In addition, the interconnected porous structure and tight contact between the Si nanostructure and the surrounding carbon enable facile electron and ion transport to generate an efficient charge/discharge pathway. The composite materials used as the anode in lithium ion batteries demonstrated a high charge storage capacity of ∼1,600 mAh g−1, which is ∼96% of the calculated maximum capacity at the composition, and good capacity retention characteristics.
Structural analysis of chat messages for topic detection (2006)

Purpose The purpose of this research is to study the characteristics of chat messages from analysing a collection of 33,121 sample messages gathered from 1,700 sessions of conversations of 72 pairs of MSN Messenger users over a four month duration from June to September of 2005. The primary objective of chat message characterization is to understand the properties of chat messages for effective message analysis, such as message topic detection. Design/methodology/approach From the study on chat message characteristics, an indicative term‐based categorization approach for chat topic detection is proposed. In the proposed approach, different techniques such as sessionalisation of chat messages and extraction of features from icon texts and URLs are incorporated for message pre‐processing. Naïve Bayes, Associative Classification, and Support Vector Machine are employed as classifiers for categorizing topics from chat sessions. Findings Indicative term‐based approach is superior to the traditional document frequency based approach, for feature selection in chat topic categorization. Originality/value This paper studies the characteristics of chat messages and proposes an indicative term‐based categorization approach for chat topic detection.
Timing of Peak Bone Mass: Discrepancies between CT and DXA (2006)

Bone acquisition in the lumbar spine as measured by CT reaches its peak by sexual and skeletal maturity. In contrast, bone values by DXA continue to increase after puberty and cessation of longitudinal growth. Increases in DXA measures are likely a reflection of inhomogeneous changes in soft tissues around the spine or of disproportionate increases in the posterior elements of the vertebrae rather than of changes within the vertebral body.
Excited state absorption spectrum of Zn2 in the visible and ultraviolet (1986)

Although the group IIB metal dimers (Zn 2 , Cd 2 , Hg 2 ) have received considerable attention as potential bound → free (excimer) lasers, little is known of the electron ic excited states above the lowest-lying level ( 3 Π g ). This paper describes experiments in which the absorption spectrum of Zn 2 (4 p 3 Π g ) in the visible and ultraviolet has been observed. A quartz cell containing several milligrams of zinc was evacuated to &lt; 10 -7 Torr, sealed and heated to ~800°C. Excited Zn atoms were produced by pumping the atomic 4 p 3 P 1 ← 4 s 21 S 0 transition at 307.6 nm with an untuned XeCI laser. Diatomic molecules are subsequently formed in three-body collisions of a 4 p 3 P 1 atom with two background 1 S 0 species. A pulsed Xe lamp (~300-nm FWHM) provided the probe continuum. Collimated and spatially filtered, the beam from the lamp propagated through the XeCI laser-produced excited region and was detected by a 0.25-m spectrograph/diode array combination. The UV and visible are dominated by absorption bands centered at 290,390, and 420 nm. Weaker but significant bands in the 450-460-nm region are also observed. Spectroscopic identification of these bands is discussed.
Search for supersymmetry in events with a photon, a lepton, and missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at $$ \sqrt{s} = 13 $$ TeV (2019)

A bstract Results of a search for supersymmetry are presented using events with a photon, an electron or muon, and large missing transverse momentum. The analysis is based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb −1 of proton-proton collisions at $$ \sqrt{s} = 13 $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msqrt> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> </mml:msqrt> <mml:mspace/> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mspace/> <mml:mn>13</mml:mn> </mml:math> TeV, produced by the LHC and collected with the CMS detector in 2016. Theoretical models with gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking predict events with photons in the final state, as well as electroweak gauge bosons decaying to leptons. Searches for events with a photon, a lepton, and missing transverse momentum are sensitive probes of these models. No excess of events is observed beyond expectations from standard model processes. The results of the search are interpreted in the context of simplified models inspired by gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking. These models are used to derive upper limits on the production cross sections and set lower bounds on masses of supersymmetric particles. Gaugino masses below 930 GeV are excluded at the 95% confidence level in a simplified model with electroweak production of a neutralino and chargino. For simplified models of gluino and squark pair production, gluino masses up to 1.75 TeV and squark masses up to 1.43 TeV are excluded at the 95% confidence level.
Sample Reuse with Adaptive Multiple Importance Sampling for Policy Search (2018)

In policy search methods, importance sampling is widely used to reutilize samples drawn from previous sampling distributions that are usually different from the current one. Previous studies create uniform mixtures of previous sampling distributions as proposal distribution. To further improve sample efficiency, we introduce adaptive multiple importance sampling that optimizes the mixing coefficients to minimize the variance of the importance sampling estimator. We apply the proposed method to several policy search methods and experimental results on some benchmark control tasks show that all the methods improve sample efficiency.
Impact of Depression, Fatigue, and Global Measure of Cortical Volume on Cognitive Impairment in Multiple Sclerosis (2015)

Our findings suggest that the presence of depressive symptoms is an important determinant of cognitive performance in MS patients.
Finite Element Modeling of Burr Formation in Drilling of a Multi-Layered Material (2004)

For an optimization of a drilling process to minimize burr formation, control chart or empirical model from design of experiment can be used. However, direct measurement of inter-layer burr is limited experimentally in the case of drilling through a multi-layered material, which is a common process in aerospace industry. A finite element model that can quantitatively predict the inter-layer burr formation from workpiece material properties and process conditions would significantly reduce the cost and time for building an empirical model. In this study, a finite element model using material properties of stainless steel 304L from previous work was applied to simulated burr formation process during drilling of a multi-layered material. Simulation showed inter-layer burr formation along with entrance burr formation. A quantitative prediction scheme of burr size using node displacement tracking for burr thickness and height was presented.
Thromboembolism prophylaxis during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (1997)

The rate of thromboembolism after laparoscopic cholecystectomy is unknown but most surgeons believe the risk is very low. Surgeons' attitudes towards thromboembolism prophylaxis are variable, but most experienced surgeons use low-dose heparin.
Lightweight and Adaptive Service API Performance Monitoring in Highly Dynamic Cloud Environment (2017)

Cloud platforms and services usually provide an APIlayer as decoupled, language agnostic interface for both front-end client integration and back-end data and/or function access. The availability and performance of the APIs have significant impact on the quality of end user or client experiences due to its nature of interaction endpoints. However, the extreme dynamics, complexity and scale of the current cloud platforms challenge the applicability of the existing performance monitoring and anomaly detection approaches from timeliness, accuracy, and scalability perspectives. This paper presents a novel approach to API performance monitoring,which recognizes performance problems by response time deviation from a baseline response time / throughput model that are created and continuously updated through online learning. In the postdetection phase, an MIC (Maximal Information Criteria) based correlation algorithm is used to group alerts into a higher leveland more informative hyper-alerts for end user notification. We prototyped our solution for a large-scale commercial cloud platform,evaluated it using three months' API performance metrics data,and compared with a couple of existing representative algorithms and tools. The results show our approach is able to detect API performance anomalies with a high F1-score. Compared to existing Granger based approach, our approach has achieved nearly onetime increase in F1-score. Moreover, the alert reduction ratio of our approach outperforms several state-of-the-art approaches.
Two-dimensional modeling of pulsed inductively coupled plasmas with and without a substrate bias (2002)

Summary form only given. Pulsed electronegative plasmas are promising candidates for improving etch selectivity and anisotropy during microelectronics fabrication. With pulsed sources, plasma induced damage can be suppressed by equilibrating the flux of positive and negative charge carriers to all surfaces of a feature. We have developed a two dimensional hybrid model using moderate computational parallelism to investigate pulsed inductively coupled plasmas (ICPs) with and without RF substrate biases. Using this computational technique we simultaneously resolve kinetic electron energy transport, fluid equations for continuity, momentum and energy, and electromagnetic wave propagation on separate processors. This methodology enables the hybrid approach to model long term transients. In this paper we report on investigations of pulsed ICPs in electronegative gas mixtures, including Ar/Cl/sub 2/, at pressures of 10s mTorr. Results of a comparison of plasma properties with and without substrate biases will be discussed. We found that the transition from an electron-ion to a negative ion-positive-ion plasma typically occurs late in the afterglow. Negative ions are not extracted until electron densities decay to below the ambipolar limit. We found that with a substrate bias, significant electron heating can occur in the late afterglow as a result of the thickening of the sheath with the decrease in electron density. Consequences of varying pulse repetition frequency and duty cycle will also be discussed.
Identity of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain-binding protein with the 78,000-dalton glucose-regulated protein and the role of posttranslational modifications in its binding function. (1988)

The 78,000-dalton glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) and the immunoglobulin heavy-chain-binding protein (BiP) were shown to be the same protein by NH2-terminal sequence comparison. Immunoprecipitation of GRP78-BiP induced by glucose starvation and a temperature-sensitive mutation in a hamster fibroblast cell line demonstrated the association of GRP78-BiP with other cellular proteins. In both fibroblasts and lymphoid cells, GRP78-BiP was found to label with 32Pi and [3H]adenosine. Phosphoamino acid analysis demonstrated that GRP78-BiP is phosphorylated on serine and threonine residues. Conditions which induce increased production of GRP78-BiP resulted in decreased incorporation of 32Pi and [3H]adenosine into GRP78-BiP. Furthermore, we report here that the phosphorylated form of BiP resides in the endoplasmic reticulum and that BiP which is associated with heavy chains is not phosphorylated or labeled with [3H]adenosine, whereas free BiP is. This suggests that posttranslational modifications may be important in regulating the synthesis and binding of BiP.
Computational RAM: implementing processors in memory (1999)

Computational RAM is a processor-in-memory architecture that makes highly effective use of internal memory bandwidth by pitch-matching simple processing elements to memory columns. Computational RAM can function either as a conventional memory chip or as a SIMD (single-instruction stream, multiple-data stream) computer. When used as a memory, computational RAM is competitive with conventional DRAM in terms of access time, packaging and cost. Adding logic to memory is not a simple question of bolting together two existing designs. The paper considers how computational RAM integrates processing power with memory by using an architecture that preserves and exploits the features of memory.
Teaching the Proof Process (1996)

A large gap usually exists between the type of thinking expected of students in the upper level undergraduate mathematics courses and that expected in the calculus sequence. Sometimes this gap is bridged with an Introduction to Proof course using a text such as Smith, Eggen, and St. Andre (1990) or Barnier and Feldman (1990). However, when no bridging course is available, we teachers of upper level courses must teach not only content but also how to do proofs. Over the years, one of my teaching responsibilities has been to introduce proof techniques to junior/senior mathe matics majors (including students seek ing secondary certification in mathemat ics) as they learn the content of the courses. Although students have had a casual acquaintance with proving theo rems, most have had nothing as all encompassing as what happens when they take a junior/senior level number theory, abstract algebra, geometry, or real analysis course. It is extremely difficult for undergradu ate students to acquire the ability of prov ing something to be true. Too often they examine the textbooks, read the proofs, and try to emulate them. But they are looking at the finished product and trying to create from scratch something that is
Non-oxidative ethane dehydrogenation in a packed-bed DBD plasma reactor (2023)

Abstract Plasma-assisted conversion of ethane (C 2 H 6 ) can produce value-added chemical building blocks using green electricity. Here we employ a simple packed-bed coaxial dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor to convert C 2 H 6 at mild operating conditions unattainable by conventional thermocatalysis. Ethylene (C 2 H 4 ), acetylene (C 2 H 2 ), and methane (CH 4 ) are the main products along with small fractions of C 3 and C 4 hydrocarbons. Interestingly, the C 2 H 4 selectivity is primarily correlated to C 2 H 6 conversion dominated by electron dissociation and recombination reactions irrespective of the dielectric properties of the packed bed material (SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 , TiO 2 , and BaTiO 3 ), packing material size, supplied power, and C 2 H 6 concentration. While a distortion of the electric field and discharge propagation results in varying dissipated power as materials change, the C 2 H 4 energy yield remains constant. The particle size appears to affect conversion mainly due to pressure alterations. Pd/SiO 2 catalyst can change the selectivity, favoring saturated species by expending hydrogen.
Tailor‐Made Photochromic Systems: First Bichromophoric Spiro‐1,8a‐dihydroindolizines (1984)

Two different chromophoric molecular units are contained in the novel compounds 1. Each of the two molecular units can be selectively excited (in each case leading to opening of a five-membered ring) by irradiation using light of different wavelengths. For example: 1. R1 = CH3CO, R1′ = CO2CH3, R2 = R3 = H, X = zero.
Efficient, green laser based on a blue-diode pumped rare-earth-doped fluoride crystal in an extremely short resonator (2010)

The green cw laser presented in this work is realized by means of a Pr:YLF crystal emitting at 523 nm that is pumped by a blue GaN laser diode in an extremely short resonator. With a 500 mW-diode a laser has been achieved with M<sup>2</sup> = 1, a slope of 40 % and an output power of 140mW with an absorbed pump power of 410 mW which results in an electrooptical efficiency of 6.5 %. Despite the reduced overlap with a 1 W-diode the output power rises to 290 mW with an absorbed pump power of 850 mW and the M<sup>2</sup> increases only slightly. Based on these results a compact laser package has been accomplished using a monolithic micro optics for the beam shaping of the diode light and joining all components with a low-shrinkage adhesive on a common base plate. In a first test of the alignment strategy a laser with an output power of 92 mW has been achieved by means of the 500 mW pump power.
Away From Her (2008)

It was opening night for the critically acclaimed Canadian independent film Away From Her. Based on a short story by Alice Munro, the film is about a retired literature professor, Grant (played by Gordon Pinsent), and his wife, Fiona (played by Julie Christie), whose idyllic golden years together end when she succumbs to the ravages of Alzheimer dementia.
The Role and Regulation of the NKG2D/NKG2D Ligand System in Cancer (2023)

The family of human NKG2D ligands (NKG2DL) consists of eight stress-induced molecules. Over 80% of human cancers express these ligands on the surface of tumour cells and/or associated stromal elements. In mice, NKG2D deficiency increases susceptibility to some types of cancer, implicating this system in immune surveillance for malignancy. However, NKG2DL can also be shed, released via exosomes and trapped intracellularly, leading to immunosuppressive effects. Moreover, NKG2D can enhance chronic inflammatory processes which themselves can increase cancer risk and progression. Indeed, tumours commonly deploy a range of countermeasures that can neutralise or even corrupt this surveillance system, tipping the balance away from immune control towards tumour progression. Consequently, the prognostic impact of NKG2DL expression in human cancer is variable. In this review, we consider the underlying biology and regulation of the NKG2D/NKG2DL system and its expression and role in a range of cancer types. We also consider the opportunities for pharmacological modulation of NKG2DL expression while cautioning that such interventions need to be carefully calibrated according to the biology of the specific cancer type.
Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Nitrogen‐doped Carbon Nanofibers as Efficient Poisoning Catalysts for the Hydrogenation of Nitroarenes (2011)

Platinum nanoparticles supported on nitrogen-doped carbon nanofibers (N-CNF-H) are synthesized by thermally decomposing [Pt(dba)2] (dba=dibenzylideneacetone) in the presence of N-CNF-H and act as reusable poisoning catalysts for the nitro-selective hydrogenation of functionalized nitroarenes to the corresponding anilines and N-aryl hydroxylamines.
A novel light source for SICM–SNOM of living cells (2003)

We have developed a novel light source for use in a scanning near-field optical microscope (SNOM or NSOM) based on a nanopipette whose distance from the sample surface is controlled using scanning ion conductance microscopy. The light source is based on the general principle of the chemical reaction between a fluorophore in the pipette and ligand in the bath, to produce a highly fluorescent complex that is continually renewed at the pipette tip. In these experiments we used fluo-3 and calcium, respectively. This complex is then excited with an Ar+ laser, focused on the pipette tip, to produce the light source. This method overcomes the transmission problem of more traditional SNOM probes and has been used to acquire simultaneous high-resolution topographic and optical images of biological samples in physiological buffer. A resolution of approximately 220 nm topographic and approximately 190 nm optical was determined through imaging fixed sea-urchin sperm flagella. Live A6 cells were also imaged, demonstrating the potential of this system for SNOM imaging of living cells.