gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Resolution, Signal-to-Noise Ratio, and Measurement Precision (1985)

We have studied the problem of simultaneously determining the midpoint position, separation, and relative intensities of a pair of closely spaced point sources. Our objective has been to see how the signal-to-noise ratio affects the measurement precision and to determine the significance of the various optical-system design parameters, and from this to develop a concept of resolution relevant to the generalized resolution problem, as posed by Ronchi over a decade ago. General results have been obtained for a scanning sensor designed to produce a one-dimensional output signal, with additive Gaussian noise. The rms precision with which the position of a single target can be measured has been determined. From this, we have obtained a resolution scale that, when divided by the signal-to-noise (voltage) ratio, gives the noise-limited position-measurement precision. A generalized expression that allows calculations of the resolution scale from the optical-signal transfer function of the system is given. Results in generalized form are developed for the precision with which the separation, midpoint position, and relative intensity of a pair of point sources can be measured. These results are presented in terms of the modulation transfer function of the optics and of the detector, and of the noise power spectrum. Quantitative results have been calculated for a system that consists of diffraction-limited, unobscured-circular-aperture optics and a sharply delineated rectangular detector, with additive white Gaussian noise. The numerical results show that the resolution scale is apparently also a significant descriptor of the two-target measurement capabilities of the instrument. This suggests that the resolution scale ought to be considered the resolution of. an instrument—to the extent that any single number can be used to define the resolution of an instrument.
Ecuaciones de flujo para líquidos: desarrollo histórico y características fundamentales (2000)

El desarrollo de ecuaciones para el cálculo de las variables involucradas en el transporte de fluidos a través de tuberías, ha sido objeto de numerosas investigaciones, debido a la importancia de éstas en el diseño de líneas de flujo, oleoductos y gasoductos, sistemas de distribución de agua potable y gas domiciliario en las ciudades y de fluidos en las plantas de proceso. Este artículo presenta el desarrollo histórico y las características fundamentales de las ecuaciones de flujo para líquidos, con el fin de brindar al lector un documento informativo y de consulta que le permita seleccionar cuál de las alternativas disponibles es la mejor para el problema que se va a enfrentar.
Elaboration of a non intrusive diagnosis tool for the detection of water management defaults and CO poisoning in PEMFC stacks (2009)

International audience
Digital Attitude Reference System (DARS)* (1973)

A family of digital attitude reference systems (DARS) is developed for three-axis-stabilized, earth-oriented satellites. It includes the complete DARS configuration, which utilizes measurements from a sun sensor in addition to the horizon sensors and gyros in use on conventional analog gyrocompassing-type attitude reference systems (CARS). The complete configuration also utilizes statistically optimal (Kalman) filtering to process these measurements to estimate and compensate for important measurement errors as well as to estimate the spacecraft attitude. Various suboptimal configurations of DARS are also studied. Based on simulation results, the attitude accuracies of the two most promising DARS configurations are approximately 0.03 and 0.04 deg (1σ), respectively, and the convergence time of both systems is less than 20 sec. Thus, DARS is shown to fill the important gap between low-accuracy gyrocompassing systems (using horizon sensors and gyros) and high-accuracy systems (requiring star sensors or trackers) by achieving intermediate attitude accuracy at the expense of low-to-medium complexity.
Energy Conservation: Motor Efficiency, Efficiency Tolerances, and the Factors That Influence Them (2011)

High-efficiency motors play a key role in energy conservation around the world. Understanding the efficiency requirements of the international Electro technical Commission (IEC) and the National Electric Manufacturing Association (NEMA) is crucial in both producing and purchasing the right type of electric motors to meet various efficiency requirements. the speed of the motor and the type of the cooling fans used influence the windage and friction loss.
Alpha: a nonproprietary OS for large, complex, distributed real-time systems (2002)

Alpha is a novel nonproprietary operating system for large, complex, distributed real-time systems. Examples include combat platform and battle management, factory automation, and telecommunications. Such systems run distributed applications and need global (transnode) resource management. They are inherently asynchronous, dynamic, and stochastic, and yet must be highly dependable. Alpha includes support for maintaining application-specific correctness, of distributed execution and consistency of distributed data, and best-effort management of all resources directly with actual application time constraints. Certain features of Alpha are briefly described. First the distribution and real-time characteristics of Alpha's application context are summarized; some of Alpha's approaches to dealing with distribution are discussed. An overview of the project history and status is provided.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Spectroscopic and theoretical investigations of adenosine 5′-diphosphate and adenosine 5′-triphosphate dianions in the gas phase (2012)

Doubly deprotonated adenosine 5'-diphosphate ([ADP-2H](2-)) and adenosine 5'-triphosphate ([ATP-2H](2-)) dianions were investigated using infrared multiple photon dissociation (IR-MPD) and photoelectron spectroscopy. Vibrational spectra acquired in the X-H stretch region (X = C, N, O) and augmented by isotope-labelling were compared to density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the B3LYP/TZVPP level. This suggests that in [ATP-2H](2-) the two phosphate groups adjacent to the ribose ring are preferentially deprotonated. Photoelectron spectra recorded at 4.66 and 6.42 eV photon energies revealed adiabatic detachment energies of 1.35 eV for [ADP-2H](2-) and 3.35 eV for [ATP-2H](2-). Repulsive Coulomb barriers were estimated at ~2.2 eV for [ADP-2H](2-) and ~1.9 eV for [ATP-2H](2-). Time-dependent DFT calculations have been used to simulate the photoelectron spectra. Photodetachment occurs primarily from lone pair orbitals on oxygen atoms within the phosphate chain.
Edge Computing-Enabled Multi-Sensor Data Fusion for Intelligent Surveillance in Maritime Transportation Systems (2022)

With the rapid development of navigation technologies, maritime transportation has become one of the mainstream international trade channels. However, a large number of maritime traffic accidents still occur every year, which cause significant economic losses and environmental damage. Intelligent and efficient surveillance in maritime transportation systems is essential for avoiding accidents. This paper proposes an edge computing-enabled multi-sensor data fusion method for intelligent maritime surveillance, which achieves efficient perception of maritime traffic information by receiving and processing visual and Automatic Identification System (AIS) data simultaneously. We first propose an anti-occlusion algorithm for vessel tracking based on visual trajectory analysis to mitigate missing detection caused by overlapping vessels. We then leverage the Hungarian algorithm driven by multidimensional feature analysis to match data collected by different sensors. The matched AIS information is eventually fused into the visual target of interest. Extensive experiments illustrate that our method can achieve effective information perception in different maritime environments with 91.67% accuracy and superior robustness.
Combination trading with limit orders (1997)

We model the exchange of commodities that are contingent upon each other, when traders place mostly limit orders. Examples include: 1) a market of financial futures where future spreads are also traded, 2) a market of mutual funds and stocks, 3) a market of options and stocks, under the viewpoint that they are both combinations of Arrow-Debreu securities. We prove that consistent prices are optimal. We develop a fixed-point algorithm to compute an optimal price and allocation. The algorithm combines ideas from contraction mapping theory and from homotopy theory. It is much faster than a traditional linear programming approach.
Supplementary Figures 1-2 from The Prognostic Value of Circulating Tumor Cells in Patients with Melanoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (2023)

Supplementary Figures 1-2 from The Prognostic Value of Circulating Tumor Cells in Patients with Melanoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
ChemInform Abstract: Augmenting Connectivity Information by Compound Name Parsing: Automatic Assignment of Stereochemistry and Isotope Labeling. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Smartphone-Based Collaborative and Autonomous Radio Fingerprinting (2010)

Although active research has recently been conducted on received signal strength (RSS) fingerprint-based indoor localization, most of the current systems hardly overcome the costly and time-consuming offline training phase. In this paper, we propose an autonomous and collaborative RSS fingerprint collection and localization system. Mobile users track their position with inertial sensors and measure RSS from the surrounding access points. In this scenario, anonymous mobile users automatically collect data in daily life without purposefully surveying an entire building. The server progressively builds up a precise radio map as more users interact with their fingerprint data. The time drift error of inertial sensors is also compromised at run-time with the fingerprint-based localization, which runs with the collective fingerprints being currently built by the server. The proposed system has been implemented on a recent Android smartphone. The experiment results show that reasonable location accuracy is obtained with automatic fingerprinting in indoor environments.
An IoT-based Precision Agriculture Project for Education in Circuits and Systems (2022)

\nIn this paper, we present how education can be involved in innovative CAS-based solutions and precision agriculture. We focus on a student project dedicated to plant growth monitoring using the Internet of Things (IoT). The objective was to make the students aware of the need for electronic solutions to sustain food production. They were proposed to design and deploy a network of connected devices using LoRa technology to monitor plants in our engineering school, ENSEIRB-MATMECA. We choose a deployment in LoRa technology in order to master the deployment of the network from the beginning to the end. Their work was divided into 3 parts: sensors, radiofrequency circuitry and data management.\n
DPR Measurements of Hail Bearing Columns (2018)

By comparing the observations of heavy storms performed by the Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) and the corresponding hydrometeor classification based on ground-based polarimetric measurements of the Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) we showed that the DPR measurements are heavily affected by non-uniform beam filling (NUBF). The presence of heavily rimed particles within the instrument field of view generates significant signal enhancements at the Ka band caused by multiple scattering (MS). MS and NUBF introduce large ambiguities in the estimate of effective reflectivity below the freezing level (FL), especially at Ka band, which strongly reduces DPR capabilities for detecting hail at the ground.
Gradient-based aerodynamic shape optimization using ADI method for large-scale problems (1996)

A gradient-based shape optimization methodology, that is intended for practical three-dimensional aerodynamic applications, has been developed. It is based on the quasi-analytical sensitivities. The flow analysis is rendered by a fully implicit, finite volume formulation of the Euler equations.The aerodynamic sensitivity equation is solved using the alternating-direction-implicit (ADI) algorithm for memory efficiency. A flexible wing geometry model, that is based on surface parameterization and platform schedules, is utilized. The present methodology and its components have been tested via several comparisons. Initially, the flow analysis for for a wing is compared with those obtained using an unfactored, preconditioned conjugate gradient approach (PCG), and an extensively validated CFD code. Then, the sensitivities computed with the present method have been compared with those obtained using the finite-difference and the PCG approaches. Effects of grid refinement and convergence tolerance on the analysis and shape optimization have been explored. Finally the new procedure has been demonstrated in the design of a cranked arrow wing at Mach 2.4. Despite the expected increase in the computational time, the results indicate that shape optimization, which require large numbers of grid points can be resolved with a gradient-based approach.
Uncovering methods for the prevention of protein aggregation and improvement of product quality in a transient expression system (2014)

Mammalian expression systems are used routinely for the production of recombinant proteins as therapeutic molecules as well as research tools. Transient expression has become increasingly popular in recent years due to its rapid timeline and improvements in expression level. While improvements to transient expression systems have focused mainly on the level of protein expression, the aspect of protein quality has received little attention. The removal of undesirable products, such as aggregation, depends primarily on purification, requiring additional cumbersome steps, which can lead to a lower product yield and longer timelines. In this study, we show that reducing the level of transcription by transfecting at a lower gene dose improves the quality of secreted molecules prone to aggregation. For gene dosing to have this effect, it is critical for the carrier DNA to be an empty vector containing the same elements as the gene containing plasmid. This approach can be used in combination with a temperature shift to hypothermic conditions during production to enhance the effect. The observed improvements not only minimized aggregation levels, but also generated products with overall superior quality, including more homogeneous signal peptide cleavage and N-linked glycosylation profiles. These techniques have produced a similar improvement in product quality with a variety of other molecules, suggesting that this may be a general approach to enhance product quality from transient expression systems.
Emulsifier‐free emulsion copolymerization of styrene and sodium styrene sulfonate (1992)

Abstract The kinetics of the emulsifier‐free emulsion copolymerization of styrene and sodium styrene sulfonate have been examined over a range of comonomer compositions. The rate of polymerization was found to increase dramatically in the presence of small amounts of sodium styrene sulfonate. This increase is attributed to the increased number of particles formed when sodium styrene sulfonate was present and to a gel effect enhanced by ion association. At low concentrations of functional comonomer, where a monodisperse product was obtained, a homogeneous nucleation mechanism of particle generation is proposed. At higher concentrations, broader and then bimodal size distributions were obtained, and this is ascribed to significant aqueous phase polymerization of sodium styrene sulfonate. The water‐soluble homopolymer is supposed to act as a locus of polymerization. The occurrence of this aqueous phase side reaction and the generation of secondary particles makes impossible the preparation of highly sulfonated polystyrene latexes by batch or seeded batch emulsion copolymerization.
Biosynthesis of actinorhodin. Determination of the point of dimerization (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBiosynthesis of actinorhodin. Determination of the point of dimerizationCharles P. Gorst-Allman, Brian A. M. Rudd, Ching-Jer Chang, and Heinz G. FlossCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 2, 455–456Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00315a046https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00315a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views301Altmetric-Citations51LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Lagrangian approach to identifying vortex pinch-off (2009)

A criterion for identifying vortex ring pinch-off based on the Lagrangian coherent structures (LCSs) in the flow is proposed and demonstrated for a piston-cylinder arrangement with a piston stroke to diameter (L/D) ratio of ≈ 12. It is found that the appearance of a new disconnected LCS and the termination of the original LCS are indicative of the initiation of vortex pinch-off. The subsequent growth of new LCSs, which tend to roll into spirals, indicates the formation of new vortex cores in the trailing shear layer. Using this criterion, the formation number is found to be 4.1±0.1, which is consistent with the predicted formation number of ≈ 4 of Gharib et al. [ Gharib et al. J. Fluid Mech. 360, 121 (1998) ]. The results obtained using the proposed LCS criterion are compared with those obtained using the circulation criterion of Gharib et al. and are found to be in excellent agreement. The LCS approach is also compared against other metrics, both Lagrangian and Eulerian, and is found to yield insight into the pinch-off process that these do not. Furthermore, the LCS analysis reveals a consistent pattern of coalescing or “pairing” of adjacent vortices in the trailing shear layer, a process which has been extensively documented in circular jets. Given that LCSs are objective and insensitive to local errors in the velocity field, the proposed criterion has the potential to be a robust tool for pinch-off identification. In particular, it may prove useful in the study of unsteady and low Reynolds number flows, where conventional methods based on vorticity prove difficult to use
Rifabutin-based Triple Therapy After Failure of Helicobacter pylori Eradication Treatment (2000)

Despite continuous improvement of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) eradication therapy, new treatment regimens are necessary if established first-line treatments fail. In the present pilot study, a recently described rifabutin-based triple therapy was evaluated after preceding failure of triple therapy. Rifabutin (150 mg), amoxicillin (1 g), and lansoprazole (30 mg) were administered twice daily for 1 week to 25 patients infected with Hp who had previously failed to respond to eradication treatment and/or who had developed resistance to macrolides and nitroimidazoles. Four patients were lost to follow-up. Eradication rate of rifabutin-based triple therapy was 86% (18/21; per protocol) and 72% (18/25; intention-to-treat). Side effects were minimal. It is concluded that this new drug combination is an effective therapy for Hp strains resistant to clarithromycin or metronidazole; however, rifabutin-based treatment regimens for Hp eradication should be restricted to patients infected with resistant strains.
A Comparison of Air-Blast and Flow-Blurring Injectors Using Phase Doppler Particle Analyzer Technique (2009)

Recent research on biofuels for power generation has typically focused on biodiesel because the biodiesel feedstrock, e.g., vegetable oil, poses significant combustion problems related to poor atomization. Existing injectors cannot effectively atomize high viscosity fuels such as vegetable oil. However, a new, novel flow-blurring (FB) injector concept has shown promise in overcoming the atomization problems. In this study, a FB injector is compared to a commercial air-blast (AB) injector operated with water at ambient conditions of temperature and pressure. Laser sheet visualization and Phase Doppler Particle Analyzer (PDPA) systems are used to obtain the spray characteristics for a range of air to liquid (ALR) ratios. Results show significant difference in distributions of Sauter Mean Diameters (SMDs), and mean and root-mean square axial velocity for the two injectors operated at a fixed ALR. In comparison to the AB injector, the FB injector produced spray with smaller SMDs, a smaller SMD range over the spray volume, higher RMS and mean axial velocities in the center region, and a compact spray with spray angle nearly independent of ALR. Results show that the FB injector is an effective way of atomizing liquids at relatively low ALRs compared to a traditional AB injector, without the additional pressure drop penalty.
Structural equation modeling (SEM) of categorical and mixed-data using the Novel Gifi transformations and information complexity (ICOMP) criterion (2010)

This paper introduces and develops a novel and computationally feasible alternative approach to the analysis of categorical, dichotomous, and mixed data sets in structural equation models (SEMs) to overcome currently existing problems. Our approach is based on the Gifi system. The Gifi system uses the optimal scaling methodology to quantify the observed categorical variables. In the quantification process, information in the observed variable is retained in the quantified variable. That is, the Gifi system transforms categorical data to continuous data without destroying the scale properties of the categorical variables. The scaling is thus preserved in the transformed nonlinear continuous Gifi data space. Hence the transformation is invertible. This is one of the unique characteristics of the Gifi system which avoids the arbitrary thresholding specification that is currently practiced and used in the literature. After the Gifi transformation, we analyze the transformed data set using SEM based on the multinormal distributional assumption. Such an approach legitimizes the distributional assumption of multivariate normality in SEM.
Effectiveness and Tolerance of Piroxicam 0.5% and Diclofenac Sodium 0.1% in Controlling Inflammation after Cataract Surgery (2003)

These results suggest that piroxicam is as effective as diclofenac sodium in preventing inflammation after cataract surgery with IOL implantation, and its better tolerance and safety can provide higher patient compliance.