gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Protective studies in sheep immunized with cuticular collagen proteins and peptides of Haemonchus contortus (1991)

Twenty-eight nonsibling sheep aged approximately 12 months and raised in a helminth-free environment were used in two protection studies. Immunizations were conducted by two intramuscular injections 30 days apart with a synthetic 18AA cuticle collagen peptide and native cuticle collagens derived from the third- and fourth-stage larvae of Haemonchus contortus. Ten days following the last immunization, the sheep were each given 500 infective H. contortus larvae per day for five consecutive days by intraruminal injection. Both collagen materials induced antibodies reactive with cuticle collagens; however, neither induced reproducible protection to H. contortus infections in vaccinated/infected sheep. In the most extensive test, there were no statistical differences in mean faecal worm egg count for 56 days post worm challenge, in mean numbers of H. contortus and female fecundity ratios at necropsy of immunized and unimmunized sheep. Failure to reproducibly immunize sheep with cuticle collagens may be due to the inability of antibodies or host immune cells to reach the collagen epitopes in the nematode cuticle without prior surface coat removal as postulated in human nematode studies.
Analysis of an active thermal protection system for high-altitude flight (1970)

Thermal protection system based on radiation cooling for high altitude cruising hypersonic flight, achieving zero net mass transfer
Cavity $Q$ Measurements of Silica Microspheres with Nanocluster Silicon Active Layer (2006)

In this paper, the effect of the nanocluster-silicon (nc-Si) active layer on the cavity Q of silica microspheres is investigated. The silicon-rich silicon oxide (SRSO) (140plusmn10 nm thick) films with excess Si content ranging from 5 to 14 at.% were deposited on the silica microspheres formed by the CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> laser melting of an optical fiber, and subsequently annealed at temperatures ranging from 650degC to 1100 degC. The cavity Q of the spheres with the active layer was measured at 1.56 mum using a tunable external cavity coupled laser diode and a tapered fiber coupling. We find that the presence of the nc-Si active layer reduces the Q value of the microsphere from ges 2times10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sup> to (2-5) times10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> . However, we found no correlation between the formation, size, and density of the nc-Si and the cavity Q-factor, indicating that the scattering by the nc-Si does not present the dominant optical loss mechanism in the SRSO film
[Present fertilization and the potential of high yield on watermelon in Jiangsu Province, China.] (2016)

Watermelon fertilization in main planting regions of Jiangsu Province was investigated in order to evaluate the characteristics of efficient fertilization and improve the yield and quality of watermelon. The investigation was performed in Dongtai, Dafeng, Sihong, Pizhou and Donghai. The results showed that the average yield of watermelon in Jiangsu Province was 48325 kg·hm<sup>-2</sup>, and the highest yield was 97500 kg·hm<sup>-2</sup>. The watermelon yield was improved by straw return of 14-15 t·hm<sup>-2</sup>. The watermelon yield was increased with the increase of organic manure application under the quantity of 30 t·hm<sup>-2</sup>, while it trended to decrease when the manure application exceeded 30 t·hm<sup>-2</sup>. The peasant households of efficient high yield and inefficient high yield on organic manure were 16.5% and 29.1%, respectively. The peasant households of efficient high yield and inefficient high yield on total nitrogen fertilizer were 14.9% and 26.3%, while those on chemical nitrogen fertilizer were 19.6% and 22.4%, respectively. The peasant households of efficient high yield and inefficient high yield on total phosphorus fertilizer were 20.9% and 21.8%, while those on chemical phosphorus fertilizer were 13.7% and 29.5%, respectively. The peasant households of efficient high yield and inefficient high yield on total potassium fertilizer were 14.9% and 26.3%, while those on chemical potassium fertilizer were 29.6% and 12.2%, respectively. Compared to basic application, basic and top application combination enhanced the watermelon yield, so did the foliar fertilization. It was suggested that the peasant households of inefficient high yield and inefficient low yield should decrease the fertilization quantity to improve fertilizer efficiency, while those of efficient low yield should regulate nutrient components and fertilization stage.
Attenuation Compensation Comparison for Human Carotid Plaque Characterization Using Spectral Analysis of Backscattered Ultrasound (2019)

Carotid atherosclerotic plaque composition is a valuable predictor of stroke risk. Ultrasound spectral analysis has been successfully implemented clinically for determining plaque composition in coronary arteries via intravascular ultrasound. Noninvasive implementation for carotid plaque requires compensation for the attenuating effects of overlying tissue. This study examines the effects of four attenuation compensation techniques on the accuracy of a carotid plaque classification system using spectral analysis and random forest machine learning classification. Radiofrequency (RF) data was acquired from 20 subjects prior to carotid endarterectomy (CEA). 41 fibrous (F), 60 hemorrhagic and/or necrotic core (H/NC), and 54 calcified (Ca) regions of interest (ROI) were selected from the RF data corresponding to homogenous zones within the histology of the excised plaque tissue. Additionally, 219 ROI's were obtained from the adventitia (Adv) of six normal subjects. Power spectra for the ROI's were computed and normalized to a uniform phantom. Four attenuation compensation methods were applied to the spectra: (1) 0.5 dB/cm-MHz; (2) optimum power spectral shift estimator (OPSSE); (3) 1-step and (4) 2-step normalized backscatter from adventitia. A linear fit of the resulting estimated backscatter transfer functions (eBTF) was performed over the fundamental bandwidth of 2.5 - 6.9 MHz. Eight spectral parameters were used to build the random forest classification models. While there were no statistically significant differences in the accuracy of the classification models based off each attenuation compensation approach, our work has shown that additional attenuation compensation may provide a benefit for characterizing carotid plaque.
Desensitization of Ras Activation by a Feedback Disassociation of the SOS-Grb2 Complex (1995)

Activation of Ras by the exchange of bound GDP for GTP is predominantly catalyzed by the guanylnucleotide exchange factor SOS. Receptor tyrosine kinases increase Ras-GTP loading by targeting SOS to the plasma membrane location of Ras through the small adaptor protein Grb2. However, despite the continuous stimulation of receptor tyrosine kinase activity, Ras activation is transient and, in the case of insulin, begins returning to the GDP-bound state within 5 min. We report here that the cascade of serine kinases activated directly by Ras results in a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)-dependent phosphorylation of SOS and subsequent disassociation of the Grb2-SOS complex, thereby interrupting the ability of SOS to catalyze nucleotide exchange on Ras. These data demonstrate a molecular feedback mechanism accounting for the desensitization of Ras-GTP loading following insulin stimulation.
A new carrier-based PWM strategy with minimum output current ripple for five-phase inverters (2011)

In this paper a new PWM strategy which minimizes the output current ripple for five-phase inverters is analytically determined. The optimization procedure is applied in each switching period, therefore its validity is not restricted to sinusoidal operations. The effectiveness of the proposed PWM strategy is proved by numerical simulations and experimental tests.
Zero-point fixture systems as a reconfiguration enabler in flexible manufacturing systems (2016)

Computer-Aided Design and Applications is an international journal on the applications of CAD and CAM. It publishes papers in the general domain of CAD plus in emerging fields like bio-CAD, nano-CAD, soft-CAD, garment-CAD, PLM, PDM, CAD data mining, CAD and the internet, CAD education, genetic algorithms and CAD engines. The journal is aimed at all developers and users of CAD technology to ptovide CAD solutions for various stages of design and manufacturing. The journal publishes all about Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided technologies.
Line voltage modulation-a new possibility of PWM for three phase inverters (2002)

A PWM (pulse width modulation) algorithm is proposed by which the switching commands of a PWM inverter can be generated from the space vector components of the reference voltage. In this method the line voltages are calculated directly. The corresponding duty cycle quantities indicate the switching sequence of the three phases as well as the distances of the switching instants. The method is discussed in comparison with space vector modulation and phase voltage modulation. Different possibilities of choosing the zero component which is necessary for full voltage utilization are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Learning to forget: continual prediction with LSTM (1999)

Long short-term memory (LSTM) can solve many tasks not solvable by previous learning algorithms for recurrent neural networks (RNNs). We identify a weakness of LSTM networks processing continual input streams without explicitly marked sequence ends. Without resets, the internal state values may grow indefinitely and eventually cause the network to break down. Our remedy is an adaptive gate that enables an LSTM cell to learn to reset itself at appropriate times, thus releasing internal resources. We review an illustrative benchmark problem on which standard LSTM outperforms other RNN algorithms. All algorithms (including LSTM) fail to solve a continual version of that problem. LSTM with forget gates, however, easily solves it in an elegant way.
Synthesis of WO₃·H₂O nanoparticles by pulsed plasma in liquid (2014)

Pure orthorhombic-phase WO₃·H₂O nanoparticles with sizes of about 5 nm were synthesized by pulsed plasma in deionized water, in which tungsten electrodes provide the source of tungsten and the water is the source of oxygen and hydrogen. The quenching effect and liquid environment inherent in this pulsed plasma in liquid method resulted in ultra-small particles with lattice lengths (a = 5.2516 A, b = 10.4345 A, c = 5.1380 A) larger than those of reference lattices. The emission lines of W I atoms, W II ions and H I atoms were observed by an optical emission spectrum in order to gather information on the synthetic mechanism. These nanoparticles showed higher absorption in the visible region than did ST-01 TiO₂ and Wako WO₃ nanoparticles. The WO₃·H₂O nanoparticles displayed more activity in the photocatalytic test than did the commercial TiO₂ sample (ST-01). Also, the absorption edge of WO₃·H₂O shifted to longer wavelengths in the UV-Vis absorption pattern relative to that of the anhydrous tungsten oxide.
More iteration space tiling (1989)

Subdividing the iteration space of a loop into blocks or tiles with a fixed maximum size has several advantages. Tiles become a natural candidate as the unit of work for parallel task scheduling. Synchronization between processors can be done between tiles, reducing synchronization frequency (at some loss of potential parallelism). The shape and size of a tile can be optimized to take advantage of memory locality for memory hierarchy utilization. Vectorization and register locality naturally fits into the optimization within a tile, while parallelization and cache locality fits into optimization between tiles.
Having your voxels and timing them too (2003)

The two major noninvasive functional human brain imaging modalities developed during the last part of the twentieth century, high-density scalp EEG (electroencephalogram) and fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging), appear from a logical viewpoint to be largely complementary. BOLD (blood oxygen level difference) signals can have a spatial resolution of less than 1 cm3, meaning time series of blood oxygenation level differences can be recorded from many more than 10,000 spatially and structurally identifiable brain regions (voxels). However, changes in blood oxygenation are inherently slow, much slower than the firing of individual neurons (circa 1 ms) or tile frequencies at which neural networks tend to synchronize (1-200 Hz or more). EEG signals, on the other hand, can be recorded at sampling rates of a kHz or more per channel, and can thus easily and accurately record cortical potentials throughout their frequency range, if they reflect a sufficient amount or density of synchronous activity within cortex that the summed local fields reach the scalp without canceling one another. It therefore seems easy to argue, as many researchers have, that by concurrently recording EEG and fMRI BOLD signals, researchers could acquire functional brain activity data with both high spatial and high temporal resolution.
The hexanoyl‐CoA precursor for cannabinoid biosynthesis is formed by an acyl‐activating enzyme in Cannabis sativa trichomes (2012)

The psychoactive and analgesic cannabinoids (e.g. Δ(9) -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)) in Cannabis sativa are formed from the short-chain fatty acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) precursor hexanoyl-CoA. Cannabinoids are synthesized in glandular trichomes present mainly on female flowers. We quantified hexanoyl-CoA using LC-MS/MS and found levels of 15.5 pmol g(-1) fresh weight in female hemp flowers with lower amounts in leaves, stems and roots. This pattern parallels the accumulation of the end-product cannabinoid, cannabidiolic acid (CBDA). To search for the acyl-activating enzyme (AAE) that synthesizes hexanoyl-CoA from hexanoate, we analyzed the transcriptome of isolated glandular trichomes. We identified 11 unigenes that encoded putative AAEs including CsAAE1, which shows high transcript abundance in glandular trichomes. In vitro assays showed that recombinant CsAAE1 activates hexanoate and other short- and medium-chained fatty acids. This activity and the trichome-specific expression of CsAAE1 suggest that it is the hexanoyl-CoA synthetase that supplies the cannabinoid pathway. CsAAE3 encodes a peroxisomal enzyme that activates a variety of fatty acid substrates including hexanoate. Although phylogenetic analysis showed that CsAAE1 groups with peroxisomal AAEs, it lacked a peroxisome targeting sequence 1 (PTS1) and localized to the cytoplasm. We suggest that CsAAE1 may have been recruited to the cannabinoid pathway through the loss of its PTS1, thereby redirecting it to the cytoplasm. To probe the origin of hexanoate, we analyzed the trichome expressed sequence tag (EST) dataset for enzymes of fatty acid metabolism. The high abundance of transcripts that encode desaturases and a lipoxygenase suggests that hexanoate may be formed through a pathway that involves the oxygenation and breakdown of unsaturated fatty acids.
RF-Enhanced Contacts to Wide-Bandgap Devices (2007)

This letter proposes a novel approach to fabricate high-performance heterostructure microwave devices with nonohmic contacts. The contact can be as-deposited or made by "shallow" low-temperature annealing to form a low-height Schottky barrier while preserving the two-dimensional electron-gas layer (2DEG) at the heterointerface. Coupling between the metal and the 2DEG occurs via two paths: dc current injects through the barrier leakage current and ac-current component injects through capacitive coupling. Contacts with resistive/capacitive coupling have low microwave impedance and enhance the heterostructure field-effect transistor's maximum oscillation frequency, output power, and power-added efficiency as compared to resistive ohmic contacts
A Power-Law Dependence of Bacterial Invasion on Mammalian Host Receptors (2015)

Pathogenic bacteria such as Listeria and Yersinia gain initial entry by binding to host target cells and stimulating their internalization. Bacterial uptake entails successive, increasingly strong associations between receptors on the surface of bacteria and hosts. Even with genetically identical cells grown in the same environment, there are vast differences in the number of bacteria entering any given cell. To gain insight into this variability, we examined uptake dynamics of Escherichia coli engineered to express the invasin surface receptor from Yersinia, which enables uptake via mammalian host β1-integrins. Surprisingly, we found that the uptake probability of a single bacterium follows a simple power-law dependence on the concentration of integrins. Furthermore, the value of a power-law parameter depends on the particular host-bacterium pair but not on bacterial concentration. This power-law captures the complex, variable processes underlying bacterial invasion while also enabling differentiation of cell lines.
Leukotriene signaling as molecular correlate for cognitive heterogeneity in aging: an exploratory study (2023)

We conclude that 5-Lox expressing microglia potentially contribute to the age-related cognitive decline in the brain, while low levels of the LT system might indicate and foster higher cognitive functions and eventually cognitive reserve and resilience in aging.
Phenothiazine Effect On Human Antibody Synthesis (1964)

characteristics of all other learning curves, then the conclusions of the rehabilitation studies are un r supported. This, I submit, ispoorlogic. Even ifthe limiting contentions were true"and Phillips has produced no good evidence that they are in relation to all the studies"this could only mean that alterna @ tive explanations might account for the direction of the findings if and when appropriately tested, because Phillips has not drawn on internally con 9 flicting or contradictory figures or test results.
Antiinflammatory effect of retrovirally transfected interleukin‐10 on monosodium urate monohydrate crystal–induced acute inflammation in murine air pouches (2002)

In this murine air pouch model of MSU crystal-induced inflammation, IL-10 seemed to inhibit the recruitment of neutrophils at least partly by suppressing KC production. These findings seem to suggest that IL-10 gene therapy may be useful for inflammatory diseases.
A Novel Synthetic Route to Chiral γ-Lactams from α-Amino Acids via Rh-Catalyzed Intramolecular C−H Insertion (2002)

Highly functionalized gamma-lactams are key intermediates for the synthesis of numerous biologically significant natural products. We herein described the synthesis of various chiral gamma-lactams via intramolecular C-H insertion of alpha-diazo-alpha-(phenylsulfonyl)acetamides derived from alpha-amino acids, which possess various functional groups. The cyclizations were highly regio- and stereoselective to afford chiral gamma-lactam motifs in high yields.
Preoperative analysis of the stability of fit of a patient-specific surgical guide (2013)

Although the use of patient-specific surgical guides has gained popularity over the past decade, little research has been done to examine in an objective and qualitative way the fit of such instruments. In this study, we have developed a model to predict the stability of a guide designed to fit on a supporting bone surface, thereby providing feedback on the translational and rotational stability of the device. The method was validated by comparing different guide designs with respect to their stability on the contact surface and comparing these results to those measured with a set of experiments. This validation experiment indicates that our stability model can be used to predict the stability of the fit of a surgical guide during the preoperative design process.
Initial clinical results with a fusion prototype for mammography and three-dimensional ultrasound with a standard mammography system and a standard ultrasound probe (2018)

In conclusion, we have shown initial clinical feasibility of an US/radiography fusion prototype with good localization and evaluation of the ROIs. The combined examination was well tolerated. The simultaneous evaluation with mammography and US imaging may be able to improve detection and reduce examiner-related variability.
Review Article Alzheimer's disease biomarkers in animal models: closing the translational gap (2013)

The rising prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is rapidly becoming one of the largest health and eco- nomic challenges in the world. There is a growing need for the development and implementation of reliable biomark- ers for AD that can be used to assist in diagnosis, inform disease progression, and monitor therapeutic efficacy. Preclinical models permit the evaluation of candidate biomarkers and assessment of pipeline agents before clinical trials are initiated and provide a translational opportunity to advance biomarker discovery. Fast and inexpensive data can be obtained from examination of peripheral markers, though they currently lack the sensitivity and consis- tency of imaging techniques such as MRI or PET. Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers in animal models can assist in development and implementation of similar approaches in clinical populations. These biomarkers may also be invaluable in decisions to advance a treatment to human testing. Longitudinal studies in AD models can determine initial presentation and progression of biomarkers that may also be used to evaluate disease-modifying efficacy of drugs. The refinement of biomarker approaches in preclinical systems will not only aid in drug develop - ment, but may facilitate diagnosis and disease monitoring in AD patients.
Supplementary Figure 6 from Ran Is a Potential Therapeutic Target for Cancer Cells with Molecular Changes Associated with Activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTORC1 and Ras/MEK/ERK Pathways (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 725K, Ran silencing-induced apoptosis depends on the growth stimulation in MDA MB231 and A549 cells using MTT assay.Percentage of cell survival in (A) MDA MB231 and (B) A549 cells expressing various levels of Ran grown in different conditions as determined by MTT assay. Results are plotted as histograms showing the mean � SD from three independent experiments. Key; *, ** and *** represent p &lt; 0.05, &lt;0.01 and &lt;0.001, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;
FROM AFMRD: THE PROGRAM DIRECTOR PATIENT SAFETY AND QUALITY (PDPQ) EDUCATORS NETWORK PILOT (2021)

In December of 2018, the AFMRD was invited by the ACGME to participate in an initiative called the Program Director Patient Safety and Quality (PDPQ) Educators Network. The PDPQ network was launched in collaboration with the Council of Medical Specialty Societies (CMSS), the Organization of Program