gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of MR images and histochemical localization of intra-arterially administered microglia surrounding beta-amyloid deposits in the rat brain. (2006)

The therapeutic use of microglial cells has recently received some attention for the treatment of Alzheimer disease (AD), but few non-invasive techniques exist for monitoring the cells after administration. Here we present a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique for tracking microglia injected intra-arterially in vivo. We micro-injected Abeta42 into the left hippocampus and saline into the right hippocampus of rats. We then administered microglia, which were labeled with enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene and Resovist, into the carotid artery. After monitoring exogenously administered microglia using MRI, we compared the MR images and the histochemical localization of administered microglia. MRI revealed clear signal changes attributable to Resovist-containing microglia in Abeta-injected areas. Histochemistry demonstrated that EGFP-positive microglia accumulated around Abeta deposits and internalized the peptide. This study demonstrates the usefulness of MRI for non-invasive monitoring of exogenous microglia, and suggests a promising future for microglia/macrophages as therapeutic tools for AD.
The intrinsic resistome ofPseudomonas aeruginosato β-lactams (2011)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a relevant opportunistic pathogen particularly problematic due to its low intrinsic susceptibility to antibiotics. Intrinsic resistance has been traditionally attributed to the low permeability of cellular envelopes together with the presence of chromosomally-encoded detoxification systems such as multidrug efflux pumps or antibiotic inactivating enzymes. However, some recently published articles indicate that several other elements can contribute to the phenotype of intrinsic resistance of bacterial pathogens. In a recently published article, we explored the chromosomally-encoded determinants that contribute to the phenotype of susceptibility of P. aeruginosa to ceftazidime, imipenem and carbapenem. Using a comprehensive library of transposon-tagged insertion mutants, we found 37 loci in the chromosome of P. aeruginosa that contributed to its intrinsic resistance, because mutants in these loci were more susceptible to antibiotics than their parental strain. 41 further loci could potentially be involved in the acquisition of resistance, because mutants in these loci were less susceptible than their wild-type counterpart. These results indicate that the intrinsic resistome of P. aeruginosa involves several elements, belonging to different functional families and cannot be considered as a specific mechanism of adaptation to the recent usage of antibiotics as therapeutic agents. In the current article, we summarize the findings of the paper and discuss their implications for understanding the evolution of antibiotic resistance and for defining novel targets for the search of new antimicrobials. Finally, the validity of recent theories on the mechanisms of action of antibiotics is discussed taken into consideration the results of our paper and other recently published works on the mechanisms of intrinsic resistance to antibiotics of P. aeruginosa.
Enhanced Surface Wetting of Pigment Coated Paper by UVC Irradiation (2010)

The effect of UVC (λmax = 254 nm) treatment on wettability of pigment-coated papers was examined. The paper samples were coated with conventional pigments including ground calcium carbonate (GCC), precipitated calcium carbonate aragonite (PCC), and Kaolin. The coating formulation also included poly(styrene-butadiene) (SB) latex binder and a dispersing agent, sodium polyacrylate (NaPA), for formation of a colloidally stable pigment slurry at a relatively high solids content. A significant decrease of contact angle of water on the studied pigment-coated papers was observed as a result of UVC treatment. The effect was most pronounced for carbonate-based coatings. In addition, the UVC treatment showed long-term stability. A detailed analysis of the surface chemical composition of the PCC-based coatings indicated that the UVC treatment leads to photooxidation and photodegradation, and eventual desorption of a thin NaPA overlayer from the pigment surface. This in turn increases the polarity of the surface and enhances its wettability.
New Monomeric Stilbenoids from Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) Seeds Challenged by an Aspergillus flavus Strain (2015)

Two new stilbene derivatives have been isolated from peanut seeds challenged by an Aspergillus flavus strain, along with chiricanine B, which has not been previously reported from peanuts, as well as a stilbenoid reported previously only as a synthetic product. The structures of these new putative phytoalexins were determined by analysis of (1)H and (13)C NMR, HRESIMS, MS(n), and UV data. The new stilbenoids were named arahypin-13 (21), arahypin-14 (22), and arahypin-15 (23). Together with other known bioactive peanut stilbenoids that were also produced in the challenged seeds, these new compounds may play a defensive role against invasive fungi.
Structure, Activity, Synthesis and Biosynthesis of Aryl‐C‐glycosides (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The prevalence and risk factors of adolescent acne among schoolchildren in Lithuania: a cross‐sectional study (2013)

Abstract Background Acne is one of the most common chronic inflammatory dermatological diseases among adolescents. Objectives We sought to estimate the prevalence of acne among schoolchildren and its association with puberty, body mass index ( BMI ), acne history of parents, nutritional habits, smoking and alcohol consumption. Methods A cross‐sectional study was conducted on 1277 pupils aged 7–19 years. Children were interviewed with self‐administered questionnaires, and were subsequently examined by one specially trained dermatologist. To evaluate the onset of puberty, girls provided details about their menarche and boys – about their facial hair growth. Results The overall response rate of the study was 51.4%. The prevalence of acne among respondents was 82.9%, and was strongly age‐dependent with highest rates in the age groups of 13–15 and 16–19 years. The prevalence of pre‐pubertal acne among participating girls and boys was 69.9% and 73.6% respectively. The main risk factors of acne were facial hair growth in boys ( OR = 4.9), menarche in girls ( OR = 3.1), overweight/obesity ( BMI ≥ 25 kg/m 2 at 18 years of age) ( OR = 2.6), acne history from both parents ( OR = 2.6) and from mother alone ( OR = 2.1). We did not find any associations between acne and nutritional habits, smoking or alcohol consumption. The self‐reported prevalence of acne among children who refused to take part in the study was lower than that among participants of the study. Conclusions The overall prevalence of acne among schoolchildren is high and age‐dependent. The onset of puberty, overweight/obesity and history of acne from both parents are the top risk factors for acne.
Hepatitis C virus coinfection independently increases the risk of cardiovascular disease in HIV‐positive patients (2015)

Patients infected with HIV are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease despite successful antiretroviral therapy. Likewise, chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with extrahepatic complications, including cardiovascular disease. However the risk of cardiovascular disease has not been formally examined in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients. A retrospective study was carried out to assess the influence of HCV coinfection on the risk of cardiovascular events in a large cohort of HIV-infected patients recruited since year 2004. A composite event of cardiovascular disease was used as an endpoint, including myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, stroke or death due to any of them. A total of 1136 patients (567 HIV-monoinfected, 70 HCV-monoinfected and 499 HIV/HCV-coinfected) were analysed. Mean age was 42.7 years, 79% were males, and 46% were former injection drug users. Over a mean follow-up of 79.4 ± 21 months, 3 patients died due to cardiovascular disease, whereas 29 suffered a first episode of coronary ischaemia or stroke. HIV/HCV-coinfected patients had a greater incidence of cardiovascular disease events and/or death than HIV-monoinfected individuals (4% vs 1.2%, P = 0.004) and HCV-monoinfected persons (4% vs 1.4%, P = 0.5). After adjusting for demographics, virological parameters and classical cardiovascular disease risk factors (smoking, hypertension, diabetes, high LDL cholesterol), both HIV/HCV coinfection (HR 2.91; CI 95%: 1.19-7.12; P = 0.02) and hypertension (HR 3.65; CI 95%: 1.34-9.94; P = 0.01) were independently associated with cardiovascular disease events and/or death in HIV-infected patients. Chronic hepatitis C and hypertension are independently associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk in HIV-infected patients. Therefore, treatment of chronic hepatitis C should be prioritized in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients regardless of any liver fibrosis staging.
Análise de desempenho para o armazenamento versionado de conteúdos binários com acesso eficiente via Web (2011)

A livre disponibilização de conteúdos didáticos digitais (CDDs) vem crescendo de maneira expressiva na Web. A boa conduta ética requer que versões modificadas sejam disponibilizadas juntamente com a original, guardando os devidos créditos de autoria. Não se percebe, entretanto, repositórios que forneçam instrumentos apropriados para o controle de versões. Visando especificar um repositório que permita não só o reuso, mas também o acesso eficiente a CDDs, são avaliados os aspectos positivos e negativos de técnicas distintas para versionamento na Web, apresentando-se uma análise comparativa de desempenho entre o Subversion (SVN), MySQL e PostgreSQL. Os melhores resultados são obtidos em soluções híbridas, com a disponibilização da última versão em BDs e as versões anteriores no SVN.
Emergence of Digital Twins (2016)

Multiple forms of digital transformation are imminent. Digital Twins represent one concept. It is gaining momentum because it may offer real-time transparency. Rapid diffusion of digital duplicates faces hurdles due to lack of semantic interoperability between architectures, standards and ontologies. The technologies necessary for automated discovery are in short supply. Progression of the field depends on convergence of information technology, operational technology and protocol-agnostic telecommunications. Making sense of the data, ability to curate data and perform data analytics at the edge (or mist rather than in the fog or cloud) is key to value. Delivering engines to the edge are crucial for analytics at the edge when latency is critical. The confluence of these and other factors may chart the future path for Digital Twins. The number of unknown unknowns and the known unknowns in this process makes it imperative to create global infrastructures and organize groups to pursue the development of fundamental building blocks and new ideas through research.
Photoaffinity-labeling and fluorescence-distribution studies of gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptors in ovarian granulosa cells. (1982)

Photoaffinity labeling of rat ovarian granulosa cells and membrane preparations with a bioactive photoaffinity derivative of gonadotropin-releasing hormone resulted in identification of two specific components with apparent molecular weights of 60,000 and 54,000. Fluorescent visualization of gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptors in these cells, by using a bioactive rhodamine derivative of the hormone, indicated that the fluorescently labeled receptors were initially distributed uniformly on the cell surface and then formed patches that subsequently internalized (at 37 degrees C) into endocytic vesicles. These processes were dependent on specific binding sites for the rhodamine-labeled peptide on the granulosa cells. These studies may provide an experimental basis for understanding the molecular events involved in the action of the hormone in the ovary.
Comparison of visual and optical quality of monofocal versus multifocal intraocular lenses (2019)

Patients implanted with multifocal ZMB00 achieved a distance visual acuity similar to those implanted with monofocal ZCB00, but showed significantly better intermediate and near visual acuity. A correlation was found between intraocular lenses' optical quality and patients' visual acuity. Contrast sensitivity was very similar between the multifocal and monofocal groups.
On the sphere-decoding algorithm I. Expected complexity (2005)

The problem of finding the least-squares solution to a system of linear equations where the unknown vector is comprised of integers, but the matrix coefficient and given vector are comprised of real numbers, arises in many applications: communications, cryptography, GPS, to name a few. The problem is equivalent to finding the closest lattice point to a given point and is known to be NP-hard. In communications applications, however, the given vector is not arbitrary but rather is an unknown lattice point that has been perturbed by an additive noise vector whose statistical properties are known. Therefore, in this paper, rather than dwell on the worst-case complexity of the integer least-squares problem, we study its expected complexity, averaged over the noise and over the lattice. For the "sphere decoding" algorithm of Fincke and Pohst, we find a closed-form expression for the expected complexity, both for the infinite and finite lattice. It is demonstrated in the second part of this paper that, for a wide range of signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) and numbers of antennas, the expected complexity is polynomial, in fact, often roughly cubic. Since many communications systems operate at noise levels for which the expected complexity turns out to be polynomial, this suggests that maximum-likelihood decoding, which was hitherto thought to be computationally intractable, can, in fact, be implemented in real time-a result with many practical implications.
Fast segment-wise DC coding for 3D video compression (2015)

A Fast Segment-wise DC Coding (SDC) algorithm is proposed for 3D-HEVC depth intra coding. Since SDC is a supplementary option for intra prediction modes, it is not necessary to check SDC option for all intra candidate modes during full Rate-Distortion (RD) cost calculation. Based on the observation that most Prediction Units (PUs) choose the same intra coding mode with and without SDC option, we propose a fast SDC coding algorithm to avoid unnecessary full-RD cost calculation. The performance evaluation is based on HTM-11.0 and the experimental result for the proposed fast algorithm shows up to 25% encoding time saving with only 0.19% BD-bitrate increase in coded and synthesized view for All-Intra test case.
Data from Prostate Cancer Progression Correlates with Increased Humoral Immune Response to a Human Endogenous Retrovirus GAG Protein (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Human endogenous retroviruses (HERV) encode 8% of the human genome. While HERVs may play a role in autoimmune and neoplastic disease, no mechanistic association has yet been established. We studied the expression and immunogenicity of a HERV-K GAG protein encoded on chromosome 22q11.23 in relation to the clinical course of prostate cancer.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;In vitro&lt;/i&gt; expression of GAG-HERV-K was analyzed in panels of normal and malignant tissues, microarrays, and cell lines, and effects of demethylation and androgen stimulation were evaluated. Patient sera were analyzed for seroreactivity to GAG-HERV-K and other self-antigens by ELISA and seromics (protein array profiling).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; GAG-HERV-K expression was most frequent in prostate tissues and regulated both by demethylation of the promoter region and by androgen stimulation. Serum screening revealed that antibodies to GAG-HERV-K are found in a subset of patients with prostate cancer (33 of 483, 6.8%) but rarely in male healthy donors (1 of 55, 1.8%). Autoantibodies to GAG-HERV-K occurred more frequently in patients with advanced prostate cancer (29 of 191 in stage III–IV, 21.0%) than in early prostate cancer (4 of 292 in stages I–II, 1.4%). Presence of GAG-HERV-K serum antibody was correlated with worse survival of patients with prostate cancer, with a trend for faster biochemical recurrence in patients with antibodies to GAG-HERV-K.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Preferential expression of GAG-HERV-K ch22q11.23 in prostate cancer tissue and increased frequency of autoantibodies observed in patients with advanced prostate cancer make this protein one of the first &lt;i&gt;bona fide&lt;/i&gt; retroviral cancer antigens in humans, with potential as a biomarker for progression and biochemical recurrence rate of prostate cancer. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 19(22); 6112–25. ©2013 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Evaluation of the Potential Cancer Chemotherapeutic Efficacy of Natural Product Isolates Employing in Vivo Hollow Fiber Tests (2002)

The hollow fiber test has been developed for the preliminary in vivo assessment of cancer chemotherapeutic efficacy of selected natural products. Using this model, we have established growth conditions for HL-60, HUVEC, Ishikawa, KB, KB-V1, LNCaP, Lu1, MCF-7, Mel2, P-388, and SW626 cells implanted at the intraperitoneal (i.p.) and subcutaneous (s.c.) compartments of athymic mice. Five cytotoxic natural product isolates (2-6) were tested in this model, along with paclitaxel (taxol) (1). Among the compounds tested, dioscin (2) and 13-methoxy-15-oxozoapatlin (3) were found to be active, indicating their potential to function as cancer chemotherapeutic agents. On the other hand, ochraceolide A (4), alpha-lapachone (5), and 2-(1-hydroxyethyl)naphtha[2,3-b]furan-4,9-quinone (6), all of which were significantly cytotoxic to cultured mammalian cells, did not mediate significant responses with the hollow fiber model. In further xenograft studies using KB cells implanted at the subcutaneous site, compound 3 mediated a statistically significant response which was consistent with the response observed at the subcutaneous compartment in the hollow fiber tests. In sum, these studies illustrate the usefulness of the hollow fiber model in natural product drug discovery programs. Preliminary indications of potential therapeutic efficacy can be provided quickly at relatively low expense. Agents capable of mediating a response at the subcutaneous site would appear to warrant greatest attention.
Essential role of the CCL2-CCR2 axis in Mayaro virus-induced disease (2023)

Abstract Mayaro virus (MAYV) is an emerging arbovirus member of the Togaviridae family and Alphavirus genus. MAYV infection causes an acute febrile illness accompanied by persistent polyarthralgia and myalgia. Understanding the mechanisms involved in arthritis caused by alphaviruses is necessary to develop specific therapies. In this work, we investigated the role of the CCL2/CCR2 axis in the pathogenesis of MAYV-induced disease. For this, WT C57BL/6J and CCR2 -/- mice were infected with MAYV subcutaneously and evaluated for disease development. MAYV infection induced an acute inflammatory disease in WT mice. The immune response profile was characterized by an increase in the production of inflammatory mediators, such as IL-6, TNF and CCL2. Higher levels of CCL2 at the local and systemic levels, was followed by significant recruitment of CCR2 + macrophages and a cellular response orchestrated by these cells. CCR2 -/- mice showed an increase in CXCL-1 levels, followed by a replacement of the macrophage inflammatory infiltrate by neutrophils. Additionally, absence of the CCR2 receptor protected mice from bone loss induced by MAYV. Accordingly, the silencing of CCL2 chemokine expression in vivo and the pharmacological blockade of CCR2 promoted a partial improvement in disease. Cell culture data support the mechanism underlying MAYV’s bone pathology in which: i) MAYV infection promoted a pro-osteoclastogenic microenvironment mediated by IL-6, TNF and CCL2 and ii) migration of osteoclast precursors was dependent on the CCR2/CCL2 axis. Overall, these data contribute to the understanding of the pathophysiology of MAYV infection and to the identification future of specific therapeutic targets in MAYV-induced disease. Importance This work demonstrates the role of the CCL2/CCR2 axis in MAYV-induced disease. Infection of WT C57BL/6J and CCR2 -/- mice was associated with high levels of CCL2, an important chemoattractant involved in the recruitment of macrophages, the main precursor of osteoclasts. In the absence of the CCR2 receptor there is a mitigation of macrophage migration to the target organs of infection and protection of these mice against bone loss induced by MAYV infection. Much evidence has shown that host immune response factors contribute significantly to the tissue damage associated to alfavirus infections. Thus, this work highlights molecular and cellular targets involved in the pathogenesis of arthritis triggered by MAYV, and identifies novel therapeutic possibilities directed to the host inflammatory response unleashed by MAYV.
Data from Validation of Anticorrelated TGFβ Signaling and Alternative End-Joining DNA Repair Signatures that Predict Response to Genotoxic Cancer Therapy (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;Loss of TGFβ signaling increases error-prone alternative end-joining (alt-EJ) DNA repair. We previously translated this mechanistic relationship as TGFβ and alt-EJ gene expression signatures, which we showed are anticorrelated across cancer types. A score representing anticorrelation, βAlt, predicts patient outcome in response to genotoxic therapy. Here we sought to verify this biology in live specimens and additional datasets.&lt;/p&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;p&gt;Human head and neck squamous carcinoma (HNSC) explants were treated &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; to test whether the signatures report TGFβ signaling, indicated by SMAD2 phosphorylation, and unrepaired DNA damage, indicated by persistent 53BP1 foci after irradiation or olaparib. A custom NanoString assay was implemented to analyze the signatures’ expression in explants. Each signature gene was then weighted by its association with functional responses to define a modified score, βAlt&lt;sub&gt;w&lt;/sub&gt;, that was retested for association with response to genotoxic therapies in independent datasets.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;Most genes in each signature were positively correlated with the expected biological response in tumor explants. Anticorrelation of TGFβ and alt-EJ signatures measured by NanoString was confirmed in explants. βAlt&lt;sub&gt;w&lt;/sub&gt; was significantly (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001) better than βAlt in predicting overall survival in response to genotoxic therapy in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) pancancer patients and in independent HNSC and ovarian cancer patient datasets.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;Association of the TGFβ and alt-EJ signatures with their biological response validates TGFβ competency as a key mediator of DNA repair that can be readily assayed by gene expression. The predictive value of βAlt&lt;sub&gt;w&lt;/sub&gt; supports its development to assist in clinical decision making.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;