gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Crucial Role of Nucleic Acid Sensing via Endosomal Toll-Like Receptors for the Defense of Streptococcus pyogenes in vitro and in vivo (2019)

<i>Streptococcus pyogenes</i> is a major human pathogen causing a variety of diseases ranging from common pharyngitis to life-threatening soft tissue infections and sepsis. Microbial nucleic acids, especially bacterial RNA, have recently been recognized as a major group of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) involved in the detection of <i>Streptococcus pyogenes</i> via endosomal Toll-like receptors (TLRs) <i>in vitro</i>. However, the individual contribution and cooperation between TLRs as well as cell-type and strain specific differences in dependency on nucleic acid detection during <i>S. pyogenes</i> infection <i>in vitro</i> have not been clarified in detail. Moreover, the role of particularly bacterial RNA for the defense of <i>S. pyogenes</i> infection <i>in vivo</i> remains poorly defined. In this study, we report that in all investigated innate immune cells involved in the resolution of bacterial infections, including murine macrophages, dendritic cells and neutrophils, recognition of <i>S. pyogenes</i> strain ATCC12344 is almost completely dependent on nucleic acid sensing via endosomal TLRs at lower MOIs, whereas at higher MOIs, detection via TLR2 plays an additional, yet redundant role. We further demonstrate that different <i>S. pyogenes</i> strains display a considerable inter-strain variability with respect to their nucleic acid dependent recognition. Moreover, TLR13-dependent recognition of <i>S. pyogenes</i> RNA is largely non-redundant in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), but less relevant in neutrophils and bone marrow-derived myeloid dendritic cells (BMDCs) for the induction of an innate immune response <i>in vitro</i>. <i>In vivo</i>, we show that a loss of nucleic acid sensing blunts early recognition of <i>S. pyogenes</i>, leading to a reduced local containment of the bacterial infection with subsequent pronounced systemic inflammation at later time points. Thus, our results argue for a crucial role of nucleic acid sensing via endosomal TLRs in defense of <i>S. pyogenes</i> infection both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>.
Transforming growth factor-β1 stimulates degranulation and oxidant release by adherent human neutrophils (1996)

The signal transduction pathways that are activated by cytokines and growth factors binding to their receptors on human neutrophils (PMN) are poorly understood. When PMN in suspension encounter many of these agonists they are not activated, but rather are primed for subsequent activation. We and others reported that when PMN are plated onto fibrinogen and stimulated with cytokines or with the chemotactic peptide N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) they respond by releasing hydrogen peroxide (H202) and the specific granule component lactoferrin. Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) is released by many cells including PMN. It has been reported that TGF-beta1 stimulates chemotaxis but not exocytosis or superoxide production by cells in suspension. We hypothesized that TGF-beta1 would activate PMN to release H202 when they were adherent to fibrinogen, a response mediated by beta2++integrin receptors. In this study, we determined whether TGF-beta1 stimulated H202 and lactoferrin release by PMN adherent to fibrinogen. TGF-beta1 stimulated H202 and lactoferrin release from adherent PMN in a concentration-dependent manner, with effects seen in the range of 0.1 to 100 pg/mL. Both H202 and lactoferrin release were detected by 60 min and continued for at least 180 min. Adhesion and spreading of PMN paralleled H202 and lactoferrin release. Ethanol (200 mM) blocked both H202 and lactoferrin release, suggesting the involvement of the phospholipase D pathway. In PMN labeled with lyso-[3H]phosphatidylcholine, we observed that TGF-beta1 treatment caused an increase in [3H]phosphatidate. Propranolol (150 microM), an inhibitor of phosphatidate phosphohydrolase, blocked both H202 and lactoferrin release, suggesting that the conversion of phosphatidic acid to diradylglycerol is an important step in PMN activation by TGF-beta1. Overall, these results are similar to those reported for fMLP activation of adherent PMN and suggest that a common pathway is involved in both chemoattractant and cytokine activation.
ChemInform Abstract: AZOMETHINE DERIVATIVES OF GERMANIUM(IV) (1979)

Abstract Die Schiffschen Basen werden durch Kondensation der Aldehyde mit den entsprechenden Aminen in Benzol oder absolutem Alkohol dargestellt.
Sangamides, a new class of cyclophilin-inhibiting host-targeted antivirals for treatment of HCV infection (2011)

Sangamides are amide derivatives of sanglifehrin A, a cyclophilin-binding polyketide natural product which is structurally distinct from cyclosporine A. Cyclosporine A is the starting point for the synthesis of cyclophilin inhibitors such as alisporivir, currently in development for the treatment of HCV infection. We report here initial results of the optimisation program which led to identification of the sangamides, compounds that exhibit significantly improved potential for the treatment of chronic HCV infection.
The Determination of Electrochemical Active Surface Area and Specific Capacity Revisited for the System MnOx as an Oxygen Evolution Catalyst (2020)

Abstract In the last decades several different catalysts for the electrochemical water splitting reaction have been designed and tested. In so-called benchmark papers they are compared with respect to their efficiency and activity. In order to relate the different catalyst to each other the definition of well-defined procedures is required. Two different methods are mainly used: Either the normalization with respect to the geometric surface area or to the catalyst loading. Most often only one of these values is available for a sample and the other one cannot be estimated easily. One approach in electrocatalysis is to determine the Helmholtz double layer capacitance (DLC) and deduce the electrochemical active surface area (ECSA). The DLC can be obtained from two different methods, either using differential capacitance measurement (DCM) or impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The second value needed for the calculation of the ECSA is the specific capacitance, which is the capacitance for a perfectly flat surface of given catalyst material. Here, we present the determination of the different capacitance values using manganese oxide as the exemplary model for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). We determine the capacitance by DCM and EIS to calculate the ECSA using literature values for the specific capacitance. The obtained values are comparable from the two methods, but are much larger than the surface areas obtained by atomic force microscopy. Therefore, we consider the possibility of using the measured AFM area together with the Helmholtz capacitance to determine the specific capacitances for this material class. The comparison of these results with literature values illustrates the actual limits of the ECSA method, which will be discussed in this paper.
Parameterized architecture-level dynamic thermal models for multicore microprocessors (2010)

In this article, we propose a new architecture-level parameterized dynamic thermal behavioral modeling algorithm for emerging thermal-related design and optimization problems for high-performance multicore microprocessor design. We propose a new approach, called ParThermPOF , to build the parameterized thermal performance models from the given accurate architecture thermal and power information. The new method can include a number of variable parameters such as the locations of thermal sensors in a heat sink, different components (heat sink, heat spreader, core, cache, etc.), thermal conductivity of heat sink materials, etc. The method consists of two steps: first, a response surface method based on low-order polynomials is applied to build the parameterized models at each time point for all the given sampling nodes in the parameter space. Second, an improved Generalized Pencil-Of-Function (GPOF) method is employed to build the transfer-function-based behavioral models for each time-varying coefficient of the polynomials generated in the first step. Experimental results on a practical quad-core microprocessor show that the generated parameterized thermal model matches the given data very well. The compact models by ParThermPOF offer two order of magnitudes speedup over the commercial thermal analysis tool FloTHERM on the given examples. ParThermPOF is very suitable for design space exploration and optimization where both time and system parameters need to be considered.
Context tracker: Exploring supporters and distracters in unconstrained environments (2011)

Visual tracking in unconstrained environments is very challenging due to the existence of several sources of varieties such as changes in appearance, varying lighting conditions, cluttered background, and frame-cuts. A major factor causing tracking failure is the emergence of regions having similar appearance as the target. It is even more challenging when the target leaves the field of view (FoV) leading the tracker to follow another similar object, and not reacquire the right target when it reappears. This paper presents a method to address this problem by exploiting the context on-the-fly in two terms: Distracters and Supporters. Both of them are automatically explored using a sequential randomized forest, an online template-based appearance model, and local features. Distracters are regions which have similar appearance as the target and consistently co-occur with high confidence score. The tracker must keep tracking these distracters to avoid drifting. Supporters, on the other hand, are local key-points around the target with consistent co-occurrence and motion correlation in a short time span. They play an important role in verifying the genuine target. Extensive experiments on challenging real-world video sequences show the tracking improvement when using this context information. Comparisons with several state-of-the-art approaches are also provided.
In Situ Produced Bacterial Cellulose Nanofiber-Based Hybrids for Nanocomposites (2017)

Two high-performance bacterial cellulose (BC) nanofiber-based hybrid structures were produced using an in situ self-assembly approach, one with microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) and another with sisal fiber, by incorporating them in the fermentation media. The fabricated BC-MFC hybrid and BC-sisal hybrid fibers showed enhanced mechanical properties compared to pure BC and sisal fibers, respectively. Tensile tests indicated BC-MFC hybrid and their nanocomposites fabricated with soy protein isolate (SPI) resin had better tensile properties than corresponding BC and BC-SPI nanocomposites. This was because of the uniform distribution of MFC within the BC nanofiber network structure which reduced the defects such as pores and voids or intersections of the BC nanofibers. BC-sisal hybrid fibrous structures were obtained after BC nanofibers self-assembled on the surface of the sisal fibers during the fermentation. The results of the microbond tests indicated that the BC-sisal hybrid fiber/SPI resin bond strength was higher than the control sisal fiber/SPI resin bond with p value of 0.02 at the significance level of 0.05. Higher bond strength is preferred since it can potentially lead to better tensile properties of the composites. The presented work suggests a novel route to fabricate hybrid nanocomposites with higher functional properties.
<title>Performance improvements in depolarized fiber gyros</title> (1995)

We describe amplitude-type polarization errors in depolarized fiber gyros and show a management scheme for their suppression. Prototypes operating both at 0.8 micrometers and 1.3 micrometers wavelengths exhibiting navigation grade drift and noise performance have been realized.
In silico screening of archaeal tRNA-encoding genes having multiple introns with bulge-helix-bulge splicing motifs (2007)

In archaeal species, several transfer RNA genes have been reported to contain endogenous introns. Although most of the introns are located at anticodon loop regions between nucleotide positions 37 and 38, a number of introns at noncanonical sites and six cases of tRNA genes containing two introns have also been documented. However, these tRNA genes are often missed by tRNAscan-SE, the software most widely used for the annotation of tRNA genes. We previously developed SPLITS, a computational tool to identify tRNA genes containing one intron at a noncanonical position on the basis of its discriminative splicing motif, but the software was limited in the detection of tRNA genes with multiple introns at noncanonical sites. In this study, we initially updated the system as SPLITSX in order to correctly predict known tRNA genes as well as novel ones with multiple introns. By a comprehensive search for tRNA genes in 29 archaeal genomes using SPLITSX, we listed 43 novel candidates that contain introns at noncanonical sites. As a result, 15 contained two introns and three contained three introns within the respective putative tRNA genes. Moreover, the candidates completely complemented all the codons of two archaeal species of uncultured methanogenic archaeon, RC-I and Thermofilum pendens Hrk 5, with novel candidates that were not detectable by tRNAscan-SE alone.
Determination of Metal Ion Binding Sites within the Hairpin Ribozyme Domains by NMR (2000)

Cations play an important role in RNA folding and stabilization. The hairpin ribozyme is a small catalytic RNA consisting of two domains, A and B, which interact in the transition state in an ion-dependent fashion. Here we describe the interaction of mono-, di-, and trivalent cations with the domains of the ribozyme, as studied by homo- and heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy. Paramagnetic line broadening, chemical shift mapping, and intermolecular NOEs indicate that the B domain contains four to five metal binding sites, which bind Mn(2+), Mg(2+), and Co(NH(3))(6)(3+). There is no significant structural change in the B domain upon the addition of Co(NH(3))(6)(3+) or Mg(2+). No specific monovalent ion binding sites exist on the B domain, as determined by (15)NH(4)(+) binding studies. In contrast to the B domain, there are no observable metal ion interactions within the internal loop of the A domain. Model structure calculations of Mn(2+) interactions at two sites within the B domain indicate that the binding sites comprise major groove pockets lined with functional groups oriented so that multiple hydrogen bonds can be formed between the RNA and Mn(H(2)O)(6)(2+) or Co(NH(3))(6)(3+). Site 1 is very similar in geometry to a site within the P4-P6 domain of the Tetrahymena group I intron, while site 2 is unique among known ion binding sites. The site 2 ion interacts with a catalytically essential nucleotide and bridges two phosphates. Due to its location and geometry, this ion may play an important role in the docking of the A and B domains.
Grid power quality improvements using grid-coupled hybrid electric vehicles PEMD 2006 (2006)

The paper examines the interaction between grid-coupled full hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) and the grid. The interaction allows the hybrid vehicle to travel a significant part of the time in all-electric mode. On the other hand, the grid coupling allows the grid to use the hybrid car as a controllable load and energy storage facility, enabling a higher penetration of variable generation units, such as renewable sources based on wind and photovoltaic cells. Experiments with a battery, grid connection and induction machine prove the feasibility of these grid-coupled hybrid electric vehicles.
Transoesophageal cross-sectional echocardiography with a phased array transducer system. Technique and initial clinical results. (1982)

Cardiac imaging by transthoracic two dimensional echocardiography is impaired in patients with chronic lung disease, those with obesity, and those with abnormal chest wall configuration. In order to overcome these limitations, a miniature phased array ultrasound transducer fitted to the tip of a commercially available gastroscope was developed. Transducer position and orientation can be adjusted completely by external control of vertical displacement inside the oesophagus, rotation, and angulation. Introduction and operation of the transducer gastroscope system are usually well tolerated by the patients, since no mechanical vibrations are generated and there is no need for an oil bag to secure oesophageal wall contact. Cardiac images of high quality are obtained even from structures and regions that are poorly or not at all imaged from external transducer positions.
Influence of environmental factors and parity on milk yield dynamics in barn-housed dairy cattle (2021)

We investigated the effects of environmental factors on average daily milk yield and day-to-day variation in milk yield of barn-housed Scottish dairy cows milked with an automated milking system. An incomplete Wood gamma function was fitted to derive parameters describing the milk yield curve including initial milk yield, inclining slope, declining slope, peak milk yield, time of peak, persistency (time in which the cow maintains high yield beyond the peak), and predicted total lactation milk yield (PTLMY). Lactation curves were fitted using generalized linear mixed models incorporating the above parameters (initial milk yield, inclining and declining slopes) and both the indoor and outdoor weather variables (temperature, humidity, and temperature-humidity index) as fixed effects. There was a higher initial milk yield and PTLMY in multiparous cows, but the incline slope parameter and persistency were greatest in primiparous cows. Primiparous cows took 54 d longer to attain a peak yield (mean ± standard error) of 34.25 ± 0.58 kg than multiparous (47.3 ± 0.45 kg); however, multiparous cows yielded 2,209 kg more PTLMY. The best models incorporated 2-d lagged minimum temperature. However, effect of temperature was minimal (primiparous decreased milk yield by 0.006 kg/d and multiparous by 0.001 kg/d for each degree increase in temperature). Both primiparous and multiparous cows significantly decreased in day-to-day variation in milk yield as temperature increased (primiparous cows decreased 0.05 kg/d for every degree increase in 2-d lagged minimum temperature indoors, which was greater than the effect in multiparous cows of 0.008 kg/d). Though the model estimates for both indoor and outdoor were different, a similar pattern of the average daily milk yield and day-to-day variation in milk yield and milk yield's dependence on environmental factors was observed for both primiparous and multiparous cows. In Scotland, primiparous cows were more greatly affected by the 2-d lagged minimum temperature compared with multiparous cows. After peak lactation had been reached, primiparous and multiparous cows decreased milk yield as indoor and outdoor minimum temperature increased.
Feel free to cache: Towards an open CDN architecture for cloud-based content distribution (2014)

In this paper we propose an open CDN architecture, with the goal to foster an open and competitive content distribution ecosystem. The proposed architecture is built on the sights obtained from our recent work on understanding large scale content distribution systems. The key idea is to enable content creators or providers to allow any ISP or third-party content distributor to participate collaboratively in content distribution through software-defined content distribution framework with open APIs.
Methodology of the ZOC-BHVI High Myopia Cohort Study: The Onset and Progression of Myopic Pathologies and Associated Risk Factors in Highly Myopic Chinese (2017)

The study will provide new knowledge on the relationship between high myopia and pathological changes such as myopic macular degeneration and staphyloma.
Anomalous motoric lateralization and schizophrenia: clinical implications. (1988)

Sixty-five schizophrenic subjects (46 men and 19 women) were tested for motor preference and compared to age and sex-matched controls. There were significantly more nondextrals among the schizophrenic women. Both male and female nondextral schizophrenics were hospitalized more frequently and for longer periods than dextral schizophrenics.
Corrosion of aluminum in ascorbic, citric and tartaric acids with and without chloride ions (2008)

Purpose This paper seeks to study the corrosion rate (CR) of Al 6063 in aqueous solutions containing food additives, namely ascorbic, citric and tartaric acids with/without chloride ions. Design/methodology/approach Chemical and electrochemical measurements were used to study the CR of Al 6063 in aerated aqueous solutions. Chemical measurements include weight loss (WL) and atomic absorption (AA). The surface morphology of Al 6063 was studied using scanning electron microscope connected with energy dispersion X‐Ray (EDX). Electrochemical measurements were made using a potentiostat/galvanostat; the effect of pH, temperature and immersion time was studied. Findings AA gave comparable results to that of WL. EDX results showed the depletion of Mg and Fe from the Al 6063 to carboxylic acid solutions w/without NaCl. From electrochemical measurements, it was found that addition of chloride ions to carboxylic acids increased the CR of Al 6063 especially at low pH and high temperatures but it reduced the CR at long immersion times. Practical implications Aluminum (Al) is now known to be a neurotoxin agent yet Al cook wares are widely used in different countries. The acids used in this study are food additives which implies that the Al cook wares may corrode in food containing these acids and other carboxylic acids depending on pH, temperature and the presence of other additives. Originality/value AA gave comparable results to that of WL, which shows that it may be used to evaluate leaching metal ions in μ g levels or less in corrosion measurements.
Supplementary Data 7 from Blockade of a Laminin-411–Notch Axis with CRISPR/Cas9 or a Nanobioconjugate Inhibits Glioblastoma Growth through Tumor-Microenvironment Cross-talk (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figures S8 and S9. Quantification of expression of laminin-411 β1 chain, its binding β1 integrin, Notch family members and other stem cell markers after nanobioconjugate treatment. All markers were significantly suppressed in treated tumors.&lt;/p&gt;
Multi-camera and multi-projector based seamless live image display system (2004)

We have developed a multi-projector display environment called the projector array system. Tiled images are projected onto a large screen from the multiple projectors, and these images are connected seamlessly by an image transforming mechanism. This mechanism is executed in real-time by a special hardware called the PA board that modifies geometrical errors caused from each projector. In this paper, we apply this environment to a live image display system. In order to capture wide view-angle and high resolution images, we use a multi-camera system that has the same alignment as the multi-projector system. When we configure the total system, a method for modifying geometrical errors caused by the camera system, and another method for modifying errors caused from a parameter mismatch between the camera and the projector are required. In this system, therefore, we implement these methods so that three errors caused from: (1) projection environment; (2) camera system; and (3) parameter's mismatch are modified altogether by the PA board at the same time. A prototype experiment enables a naturalistic image display.