gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rat Model of the Associating Liver Partition and Portal Vein Ligation for Staged Hepatectomy (ALPPS) Procedure (2017)

Recent clinical data support an aggressive surgical approach to both primary and metastatic liver tumors. For some indications, like colorectal liver metastases, the amount of liver tissue left behind after liver resection has become the main limiting factor of resectability of large or multiple liver tumors. A minimal amount of functional tissue is required to avoid the severe complication of post-hepatectomy liver failure, which has high morbidity and mortality. Inducing liver growth of the prospective remnant prior to resection has become more established in liver surgery, either in the form of portal vein embolization by interventional radiologists or in the form of portal vein ligation several weeks prior to resection. Recently, it was shown that liver regeneration is more extensive and rapid, when the parenchymal transection is added to portal vein ligation in a first stage and then, after only one week of waiting, resection performed in a second stage (Associating Liver Partition and Portal vein ligation for Staged hepatectomy = ALPPS). ALPPS has rapidly become popular across the world, but has been criticized for its high perioperative mortality. The mechanism of accelerated and extensive growth induced by this procedure has not been well understood. Animal models have been developed to explore both the physiological and molecular mechanisms of accelerated liver regeneration in ALPPS. This protocol presents a rat model that allows mechanistic exploration of accelerated regeneration.
The Professional Responsibility of Professional Schools To Study and Teach about the Profession. (1999)

It is now fashionable to bemoan the increasing separation or disjunction, in the words of one influential account between the legal academy and the profession that it is supposed to serve.1 This criticism typically takes one of two forms. The first, represented by the ABA's influential MacCrate Report, argues that law schools are not teaching law students the skills they need to be competent and ethical practitioners.2 The second, eloquently argued by Harry Edwards and by my copanelist Anthony Kronman, complains about the increasingly theoretical character of law teaching and legal scholarship.3 The law school of today, these critics contend, pays insufficient attention to the doctrinal questions real and judges face, and to the style of practical and analogic reasoning needed to resolve these problems. In this essay I want to highlight a different failing, one that I submit is much deeper and longer-standing than either of the two standard critiques of legal education that have come to dominate the debate: the law school's systematic and pervasive failure to study and to teach about the profession. This persistent failure, I submit, is more than just a pedagogical oversight or a scholarly shortcoming. Instead, it is nothing less than an ethical failure by the legal academy to meet the legitimate needs of its three principal constituencies students, the bar, and society. At a time when the American legal profession is being radically transformed on almost every dimension, law schools can no longer credibly assert that by simply teaching students to think like lawyers they have given their graduates all the tools or even the most important tools that they will need to become successful and satisfied practitioners. If individual lawyers, the bar, and the public we serve are to emerge from this
Stereoselectivity of the hydrogenation of galactofuranosyl exoglycals (2007)

This work describes a study of the α/β-diastereoselectivity of the hydrogenation of phosphonylated exoglycals in the galactofuranose series.Nine exoglycals displaying sterically hindering groups on the α or the β face have been synthesized and hydrogenated using Pearlman's catalyst.These reactions gave the expected C-glycoside with good to excellent αselectivities.
Reconstructing binary matrices under window constraints from their row and column sums (2017)

The present paper deals with the discrete inverse problem of reconstructing binary matrices from their row and column sums under additional constraints on the number and pattern of entries in specified minors. While the classical consistency and reconstruction problems for two directions in discrete tomography can be solved in polynomial time, it turns out that these window constraints cause various unexpected complexity jumps back and forth from polynomial-time solvability to $\mathbb{N}\mathbb{P}$-hardness.
Coherent population transfer among quantum states of atoms and molecules (1998)

The authors discuss the technique of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP), a method of using partially overlapping pulses (from pump and Stokes lasers) to produce complete population transfer between two quantum states of an atom or molecule. The procedure relies on the initial creation of a coherence (a population-trapping state) with subsequent adiabatic evolution. The authors present the basic theory, with some extensions, and then describe examples of experimental utilization. They note some applications of the technique not only to preparation of selected states for reaction studies, but also to quantum optics and atom optics.
CW THz spectroscopy of polymers using plasmonic surface-wave sensors (2008)

Lamellar metal gratings with sub-wavelength slits have been fabricated and characterized. They feature a transmission resonance which is highly sensitive to material layers attached to the grating surface. At first, gratings with resonant features at 85GHz are investigated. The transmission spectrum recorded with a commercial Vector Network Analyzer is in good agreement with the data obtained from a photoconductive continuous-wave THz system. Further, the grating dimensions are scaled down for an operation frequency of 430GHz. Sandwiched between polymer foils, the transmission resonance of the grating is shifted in frequency and the permittivity of the layers is extracted from the induced shift with an analytical model. The received results coincide with literature data very well.
Cannabinoid CB1 receptor knockout mice exhibit markedly reduced voluntary alcohol consumption and lack alcohol‐induced dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens (2003)

Abstract The mechanisms underlying predisposition to alcohol abuse and alcoholism are poorly understood. In this study, we evaluated the role of cannabinoid (CB1) receptors in (i) voluntary alcohol consumption, and (ii) acute alcohol‐induced dopamine (DA) release in the nucleus accumbens, using mice that lack the CB1 receptor gene (CB1 –/– ). CB1 –/– mice exhibited dramatically reduced voluntary alcohol consumption, and completely lacked alcohol‐induced DA release in the nucleus accumbens, as compared to wild‐type mice. The gender difference, with female mice consuming significantly more alcohol than wild‐type male mice, was observed in wild‐type mice, whereas this gender difference was nonexistent in CB1 mutant male and female mice. There was also a significant gender difference, with the wild‐type, heterozygous, and mutant females consuming significantly more liquid and food than wild‐type, heterozygous and mutant males. However, the total volume of fluid consumption and food intake did not differ between wild‐type, heterozygous, and mutant mice. These results strongly suggest that the CB1 receptor system plays an important role in regulating the positive reinforcing properties of alcohol.
Alpha-synuclein immunoisolation of glial inclusions from multiple system atrophy brain tissue reveals multiprotein components. (1999)

Immunohistochemical studies have shown that oligodendroglial inclusions in multiple system atrophy contain alpha-synuclein, a synaptic protein also found in Lewy bodies in Parkinson's disease. We have now used density gradient enrichment and an anti-alpha-synuclein immunomagnetic technique to isolate pure and morphologically intact oligodendroglial inclusions from brain white matter of patients dying with multiple system atrophy. Filamentous inclusion structures were obtained only from multiple system atrophy tissue, but not from normal brain tissues, or from multiple system atrophy tissue processed without anti-alpha-synuclein antibody. We confirmed the purity and morphology of isolated inclusions by electron microscopy. The inclusions comprised multiple protein bands after separation by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Immunoblotting demonstrated that these proteins included alpha-synuclein, alphaB-crystallin, tubulins, ubiquitin, and prominent, possibly truncated alpha-synuclein species as high-molecular-weight aggregates. Our study provides the first biochemical evidence that oligodendroglial inclusion filaments consist of multiple protein components, suggesting that these inclusions may form as a result of multiprotein interactions with alpha-synuclein.
Identification of Nonlinear Corrections to Multicopter Flight Simulation Model Using Machine Learning (2023)

This study presents a novel methodology for identifying nonlinear corrections to improve the accuracy of a physics-based simulation model of a hexacopter using flight test data. Two distinct models are employed to capture the dynamics of the hexacopter in hover: one model is identified from flight data, and the other utilizes a physics-based blade element model with a 10-state Peter-He inflow. An input filter is extracted based on the difference between the flight test data and frequency response from the physics-based model to make corrections. This improves the predictions over the entire frequency range. For time domain analysis, the nonlinear corrections are identified by analyzing correlations between different flight variables and utilizing a filtered dataset with high normalized correlation. Regularized version of partial least squares is applied for identifying the correction terms. The performance of the updated linearized model is compared with the physics-based model and system ID model in the time domain for all four axes. It was observed that for low amplitude maneuvers, the corrected model is comparable to the model identified from flight test data and sometimes slightly better (2-5%). Predictions obtained using the corrected model exhibit superior performance to those generated by the physics-based model, particularly in the vicinity of peak values (8%-14%). For large amplitude maneuvers, the distinction is even more pronounced, with the model with nonlinear corrections surpassing all other models in terms of accuracy. Notably, while the physics-based model predictions exhibit an average error of 32% when compared to the flight test data, and the model identified using flight test data generated predictions with an average error of 22%, the model with nonlinear corrections yielded predictions with an average error of less than 10%.
Metallogels: a novel approach for the nanostructuration of single-chain magnets (2022)

In this study we demonstrate that single-chain magnets (SCMs) can be assembled in gel phase and transferred intact on surface. We take advantage of a family of SCMs based on Tb<sup>III</sup> ions and nitronyl-nitroxides radicals functionalized with short alkyl chains known to form crystalline supramolecular nanotubes interacting with heptane acting as crystallizing solvent. When the radicals are functionalized with long aliphatic chains a robust gel is formed with similar structural and functional properties respect to its crystalline parent. Indeed, a small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) study unambiguously demonstrates that the gel is made of supramolecular nanotubes: the high stability of the gel allows the determination from SAXS data of precise nanotube metrics such as diameter, helical pitch and monoclinic cell of the folded 2D crystal lattice along the tube direction. Additionally, static and dynamic magnetic investigations show the persistence of the SCM behavior in the metallogel. Last, on-surface gelation provides thick films as well as sub-monolayer deposits of supramolecular nanotubes on surface as evidenced by atomic force microscopy (AFM) observations. This paves the road toward magnetic materials and devices made of SCMs profiting of their isolation on surface as individual chains.
Carvedilol for prevention of heart failure in anthracycline-exposed survivors of childhood cancer: Results from COG ALTE1621. (2023)

10013 Background: Carvedilol improves cardiac function in patients with heart failure (HF), but remains untested as cardioprotective therapy in long-term childhood cancer survivors at risk for HF due to high-dose anthracycline exposure. We hypothesized that low-dose carvedilol would be safe and efficacious in reducing anthracycline-related heart failure risk in long-term survivors without evidence of HF. Methods: This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2B trial (NCT02717507) conducted at 28 sites. Eligibility included ≥250 mg/m 2 cumulative anthracycline exposure by age 21 years (y), ≥2y from completion of cancer treatment, and preserved systolic function (ejection fraction [EF] ≥55% and/or fractional shortening [FS] ≥28%) at enrollment. Patients were randomized 1:1 to take low-dose carvedilol (12.5 mg/day) or placebo for 2y; dose up-titration started at 3.125 mg/day. The primary objective was to determine the impact of carvedilol on echocardiographic indices of HF risk: standardized left ventricular (LV) wall thickness/dimension ratio (LVWT/Dz; primary endpoint), LV end-systolic wall stress (ESWS), LV chamber diameters, systolic and diastolic function. These indices were obtained every 6 months and measured centrally in a blinded fashion. Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE v4.0) was used to assess toxicity. Cardiac event was defined as relative EF/FS decline &lt; 20% from baseline or both &lt; 55% [EF] and &lt; 28% [FS]. Treatment effects were analyzed using the Generalized Estimating Equation for normally distributed data, assuming linear time-trend. Group differences were evaluated by treatment*time interaction. Results: Of 196 participants enrolled, 182 were eligible and randomized. Characteristics (median, range): age at enrollment, 24.7y (10.4-53.9); time from cancer diagnosis, 13.4y (2.9-43.6); anthracycline dose, 374 mg/m 2 (250-1760); 19% had received chest-directed radiotherapy. There were no group differences in baseline participant demographics, cardiotoxic treatment exposure, or cardiac endpoints. LVWT/Dz was similar (+0.053, p = 0.15) between arms at 2y. However, treatment effects varied by time since diagnosis (p = 0.008) suggesting greater efficacy among longer-term survivors. Compared to placebo, carvedilol arm participants had significantly better LV end-diastolic diameter (-0.16 cm, p = 0.005) and LVESWS (-7.53, p = 0.027) at 2y. There were no CTCAE grade ≥3 events; all except 2 participants tolerated full dose escalation. Six out of eight cardiac events occurred on the placebo arm; longer-term follow-up of study participants is ongoing. Conclusions: In this randomized trial of long-term survivors of childhood cancer treated with high-dose anthracyclines, low-dose carvedilol was safe and effective in reducing established biomarkers of HF risk and could serve as a risk reduction strategy. Clinical trial information: NCT02717507 .
004 Increased injury risk in youth athletics when growth rates are high and skeletal maturation is low (2021)

<h3>Background</h3> Studies addressing risk factors for injuries in youth athletics are scarce and although growth and maturation represent potential risk factors for adolescent athletes, the available literature is inconclusive. <h3>Objective</h3> The aim of this study was to examine if growth rate, maturity status and maturity tempo are associated with injury risk in adolescent athletics. <h3>Design</h3> Anthropometric, skeletal maturity and injury data collected prospectively over four seasons were included. <h3>Setting</h3> The data collection was part of the ongoing monitoring of athletes at the Aspire Academy in Qatar. <h3>Patients (or Participants)</h3> Participants were student-athletes, not yet specialized to event groups. Of the 129 athlete-seasons eligible for inclusion, 117 athlete-seasons (74 athletes) were included in the final sample. <h3>Interventions (or Assessment of Risk Factors)</h3> Anthropometric measures were taken at the start and end of each season, while skeletal maturity was assessed at the start of each season using hand radiographs. <h3>Main Outcome Measurements</h3> Time-loss injuries were recorded by medical staff and associations were assessed using generalized estimating equations. <h3>Results</h3> Growth rate for stature was associated with greater risk of bone (Incidence rate ratio (IRR): 1.5 per SD above the mean, 95% CI: 1.1 to 1.9) and growth plate injuries (2.1, 1.5 to 3.1). Growth rate for leg length was associated with greater risk of overall (1.3, 1.0 to 1.7), bone (1.4, 1.0 to 1.9) and growth plate injuries (2.1, 1.4 to 3.0). Athletes with greater maturity status (0.6 per skeletal age year, 0.5 to 0.9; 0.8 per percent of mature height; 0.7 to 1.0) were less prone to growth plate injuries. Annual change in skeletal age was associated with an increased risk of bone injuries (1.5 per SD above the mean; 1.0 to 2.3). <h3>Conclusions</h3> The results of this study suggest that rapid growth in stature and leg length, skeletal maturity status and maturity tempo represent risk factors for certain injury types in adolescent athletics. Regular monitoring therefore seems warranted.
Shaping Nanometer‐Scale Architecture Through Surface Chemistry (2005)

Scrolled nanotubes of TiO2 are found to contain a large fraction of undercoordinated surface sites that scroll layers of anatase titania in proton-deficient aqueous systems. Reversible tube-to-sheet and sheet-to-tube transitions, and associated reversible lattice transformations between quasianatase and quasirutile, are obtained, respectively, by protonation and deprotonation of undercoordinated surface sites (see Figure).
Wannier-Stark effect in superlattices (1994)

Electroreflectance measurements have been carried out in order to investigate Stark-ladder transitions in a GaAs (40 AA)/AlGaAs (20 AA) superlattice under various uniform electric fields, and compared with the transition energies calculated on the basis of a microscopic tight-binding theory. The observed electroreflectance spectra over a wide range of photon energies (1.5-2.2 eV) shift in proportion to an applied electric field. The signals in a higher photon energy region (1.4-2.2 eV) indicate the existence of a transition from the spin-orbit split-off band in the valence band to the Wannier-Stark localization states in the conduction band. The assignment is supported by the tight-binding calculation. Resonant coupling between the localized states is also observed.
Ferroverdins, Inhibitors of Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein Produced by Streptomyces sp. WK-5344. II. Structure Elucidation. (1999)

The structures of ferroverdins B and C, novel inhibitors of cholesteryl ester transfer protein, were elucidated by spectroscopic studies including various NMR measurements. They are the complex between one Fe2+ and three ligands, that is, two common p-vinylphenyl-3-nitroso-4-hydroxybenzoates and one hydroxy p-vinylphenyl-3-nitroso-4-hydroxybenzoate for ferroverdin B and one carboxylic acid p-vinylphenyl-3-nitroso-4-hydroxybenzoate for ferroverdin C.
An update on inert anodes for aluminium electrolysis (2020)

This update includes the literature related to the inert anodes which were published in the past decade. The metallic anodes are widely regarded as promising candidates to replace the carbon anodes due to its attractive properties like good electrical conductivity, easy to manufacture and high resistance to high thermal shocks. The metals have been tested in pure state and alloy (binary, ternary) form. The oxide scale formed on the anode surface acts as a barrier between the electrolyte and the anode, which protects the anode from being dissolved. The layer of molten fluorides is formed between the scale and the metal anode after a certain time of polarization, and the oxide scale acts as a bipolar electrode. Metal like Cu is reduced at the internal side of the scale. This paper elaborates the effects of various parameters on the performance of the anode. Cu-based alloys (Cu &ndash; Ni &ndash; Fe and Cu &ndash; Al) have shown promising results and could perform well in low-temperature electrolytes. It has been well established that the Cu content in Cu &ndash; Ni &ndash; Fe and Cu &ndash; Al alloys plays a major role in the metal dissolution as the CuO/Cu2O scales formed on the outer layer act as a sacrificial one. The corrosion rate of an anode can be reduced by decreasing the operating temperature, which is possible by using the KF &ndash; AlF3 melts. The use of suspensions can increase the purity of the produced metal by stopping the anode products to come in contact with cathode metal. Many industries including RUSAL and ELYSIS are still conducting a considerable amount of research to develop an inert anode and are expecting to have a carbon-free cell in the nearest future. The work is performed as a part of the state assignment for the science of Siberian Federal University, project number FSRZ-2020-0013. Use of equipment of Krasnoyarsk Regional Center of Research Equipment of Federal Research Center &ldquo;Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS&rdquo; is acknowledged.
Fuzzy logic based soft-start for induction motor drives (2002)

Fuzzy logic has received greater emphasis in the field of power electronics and motion control by virtue of its adaptive capability. A novel fuzzy logic based soft-start scheme for induction motor drives close to optimal performance has been discussed using a microprocessor based thyristorised voltage controller. The rule-based soft-start algorithm is fully realised through a software approach only. The soft-start strategy is based on the rise in the power drawn during starting period and the sudden fall in its magnitude at the end of soft-start has been used conceptually in closed-loop. The prototype has been tested under various loading conditions and found to be reliable and near optimal.