gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen Removal in a Staged Anaerobic‐Aerobic Sludge Digestion System (2017)

A mixture of primary and secondary municipal sludge was treated in the digestion system consisting of a first-stage mesophilic anaerobic and a second-stage aerobic digester. The study was to monitor solids and nitrogen removal efficiencies under different operational conditions in the aerobic digester.In the first phase, the aerobic digester was batch fed under continuous aeration. More solids and ammonia were removed as the aerobic retention time increased. About 90% or greater ammonia was removed at 3 days or longer aerobic retention times. However, higher oxidized nitrogen was measured at the longer aeration times.In the second phase, the aerobic digestion system was operated for 3 to 5 days while continuously fed with anaerobically digested sludge under different intermittent aeration times. About 90% ammonia removal and low effluent oxidized nitrogen were achieved at 40 minutes of aeration over a 60-minute cycle at a 4-day retention time.
Aclarubicin treatment restores SMN levels to cells derived from type I spinal muscular atrophy patients (2001)

Proximal spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a common motor neuron disorder caused by mutation of the telomeric survival of motor neuron gene SMN1. The centromeric survival of motor neuron SMN2 gene is retained in all SMA patients but does not produce sufficient SMN protein to prevent the development of clinical symptoms. The SMN1 and SMN2 genes differ functionally by a single nucleotide change. This change affects the efficiency with which exon 7 is incorporated into the mRNA transcript. Thus, SMN2 produces less full-length mRNA and protein than SMN1. We have screened a library of compounds in order to identify ones that can alter the splicing pattern of the SMN2 gene. Here, we report that the compound aclarubicin increases the retention of exon 7 into the SMN2 transcript. We show that aclarubicin effectively induces incorporation of exon 7 into SMN2 transcripts from the endogenous gene in type I SMA fibroblasts as well as into transcripts from a SMN2 minigene in the motor neuron cell line NSC34. In type I fibroblasts, treatment resulted in an increase in SMN protein and gems to normal levels. Our results suggest that alteration of splicing pattern represents a new approach to modification of gene expression in disease treatment and demonstrate the feasibility of high throughput screens to detect compounds that affect the splicing pattern of a gene.
Process monitoring of micro-milling using vibro-acoustic measurements (2006)

status: Published
Analysis of the linear methods of determining copolymerization reactivity ratios, 11. Copolymerization of styrene with methyl α‐cyanocinnamate and fumaroyldipyrrolidone (1992)

Abstract The composition of copolymers was determined as a function of the monomer feed for two systems: styrene/methyl a ‐cyanocinnamate in toluene and styrene/fumaroyldipyrrolidone in dimethyl sulfoxide both at 60°C with 2,2′‐azoisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as initiator. To ascertain the accuracy of reaction modelling in terms of the classical and the penultimate model, the extended linearized forms of both models were applied. The styrene/methyl a ‐cyanocinnamate system was found to copolymerize non‐classically; the two‐parameter penultimate model described properly the experimental data yielding r ' 1 / r 1 ≈ 3–6. The styrene/fumaroyldipyrrolidone system showed only a slight penultimate effect. However, in this case, the terminal model gave a better fit of experimental data.
High availability using virtualization (2009)

High availability has always been one of the main problems for a data center. Till now high availability was achieved by host per host redundancy, a highly expensive method in terms of hardware and human costs. A new approach to the problem can be offered by virtualization. Using virtualization, it is possible to achieve a redundancy system for all the services running on a data center. This new approach to high availability allows to share the running virtual machines over the servers up and running, by exploiting the features of the virtualization layer: start, stop and move virtual machines between physical hosts. The system (3RC) is based on a finite state machine with hysteresis, providing the possibility to restart each virtual machine over any physical host, or reinstall it from scratch. A complete infrastructure has been developed to install operating system and middleware in a few minutes. To virtualize the main servers of a data center, a new procedure has been developed to migrate physical to virtual hosts. The whole Grid data center SNS-PISA is running at the moment in virtual environment under the high availability system. As extension of the 3RC architecture, several storage solutions have been tested to store and centralize all the virtual disks, from NAS to SAN, to grant data safety and access from everywhere. Exploiting virtualization and ability to automatically reinstall a host, we provide a sort of host on-demand, where the action on a virtual machine is performed only when a disaster occurs.
Marking synaptic activity in dendritic spines with a calpain substrate exhibiting fluorescence resonance energy transfer (2000)

Excitatory synaptic activity can evoke transient and substantial elevations of postsynaptic calcium. Downstream effects of elevated calcium include the activation of the calcium-dependent protease calpain. We have developed a reagent that identifies dendritic spines in which calpain has been activated. A fusion protein was expressed that contained enhanced yellow and enhanced cyan fluorescent protein (EYFP and ECFP, respectively) linked by a peptide that included the micro-calpain cleavage site from alpha-spectrin. A PDZ-binding site fused to ECFP anchored this protein to postsynaptic densities. The fusion protein exhibited fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), and diminution of FRET by proteolysis was used to localize calpain activity in situ by fluorescence microscopy. Incubation of the fusion protein with calpain in the presence of calcium resulted in the separation of EYFP and ECFP into monomeric fluorophores. In transiently transfected cell lines and dissociated hippocampal neurons, FRET was diminished by raising intracellular calcium levels with an ionophore or with glutamatergic agonists. Calpain inhibitors blocked these changes. Under control conditions, FRET levels in different dendritic spines of cultured neurons and in hippocampal slices were heterogeneous but showed robust decreases upon treatment with glutamatergic agonists. Immunostaining of cultured neurons with antibodies to a spectrin epitope produced by calpain-mediated digestion revealed an inverse correlation between the amount of FRET present at postsynaptic elements and the concentration of spectrin breakdown products. These results suggest that the FRET methodology identifies sites of synaptically induced calpain activity and that it may be useful in analyzing synapses undergoing changes in efficacy.
Influence of the Surface Properties of SiC Particles on Their Codeposition with Nickel (2003)

The electrolytic codeposition of SiC with nickel from a nickel Watts bath was investigated by codeposition experiments of SiC particles on a rotating disk electrode and by thin-film rupture experiments. From the rotating disk experiments it was found that the codeposition of SiC depends strongly on the presence of a surface oxide. A few monolayers of oxide impede the codeposition. Removing the surface oxide by HF or NaOH greatly increases the codeposition of SiC particles with nickel. The influence of surface oxidation on the codeposition of SiC particles with Ni was correlated with thin-film rupture results. Thin liquid films of nickel Watts solutions on SiC were investigated by microinterferometry. The effect of surface pretreatment on the stability and rupture of the thin films was studied. It was found that the stability of thin films on SiC is strongly influenced by the solvation force. A strong correlation was established between the stability of the thin films and the codeposition results. Our results demonstrate that thin-film rupture experiments can be used to analyze and even predict the codeposition behavior of a material. © 2003 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Pharmacokinetics of 5-Azacitidine Administered With Phenylbutyrate in Patients With Refractory Solid Tumors or Hematologic Malignancies (2005)

5-AC is rapidly absorbed and eliminated when administered subcutaneously. Sufficient 5-AC exposure is achieved to produce pharmacodynamic effects in tumors.
Animal Models for Meningococcal Disease (2003)

There are many in vitro systems for the study of meningococcal pathogenesis, but it is only in animal models of infection that the interactions of the bacteria with whole tissues and the humoral and cellular immune systems can be assessed. Animal-infection models are also of great importance for the assessment of the protective efficacy of existing and candidate vaccines. However, the relevance of these animal models to human disease and how well protection assessed in them corresponds to protection against human disease, must always be considered. Animal models for pathogenic Neisseria have been previously reviewed (1).
Reprogramming miRNAs global expression orchestrates development of drug resistance in BRAF mutated melanoma (2018)

Drug resistance imposes severe limitations to the efficacy of targeted therapy in BRAF-mutated metastatic melanoma. Although this issue has been mitigated by the development of combination therapies with BRAF plus MEK inhibitors, drug resistance inevitably occurs with time and results in clinical recurrences and untreatable disease. Hence, there is strong need of developing new combination therapies and non-invasive diagnostics for the early identification of drug-resistant patients. We report here that the development of drug resistance to BRAFi is dominated by a dynamic deregulation of a large population of miRNAs, leading to the alteration of cell intrinsic proliferation and survival pathways, as well as of proinflammatory and proangiogenic cues, where a prominent role is played by the miR-199b-5p/VEGF axis. Significant alterations of miRNA expression levels are detectable in tumor biopsies and plasma from patients after disease recurrence. Targeting these alterations blunts the development of drug resistance.
Ultracompact explosive-driven high-current source of primary power based on shock wave demagnetization of Nd2Fe14B hard ferromagnetics (2002)

A new type of explosive driven high-current pulsed source utilizing a shock wave demagnetization of a Nd2Fe14B hard ferromagnetic energy carrier was developed. The design of the ferromagnetic energy carrier, which was made a hollow cylinder, has made it possible to reduce dramatically to 1 g the amount of the explosive providing a complete demagnetization of Nd2Fe14B energy carrier of weight 64 g. The developed generator is capable of producing high-current [up to 1.9 kA, 100 μs full width at half maximum (FWHM)] and high-power pulses (up to 42 kW, 2.8 μs FWHM).
Modular prostheses in the treatment of proximal humerus metastases: review of 40 cases (2008)

It is important to follow rational guidelines, like those of Capanna and Mirels, in order to prevent pathological fractures and to give the patient a definitive treatment, as the advances in the management of cancer prolong the survival of these patients. In this series, satisfactory results were obtained, giving the patients an acceptable quality of life.
Maintaining transaction consistency in multidatabases using quasi serializable executions (2002)

The problem of maintaining transaction consistency in MDBSs (multidatabase systems) using quasi-realizable executions is addressed. The aspects of transaction consistency that can be effectively maintained by quasi-serializable executions are identified. A technique for preventing possible violation of those aspects of transaction consistency that are not ensured by quasi-serializable executions is proposed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Assessment of Human Respiration Patterns via Noncontact Sensing Using Doppler Multi-Radar System (2015)

Human respiratory patterns at chest and abdomen are associated with both physical and emotional states. Accurate measurement of the respiratory patterns provides an approach to assess and analyze the physical and emotional states of the subject persons. Not many research efforts have been made to wirelessly assess different respiration patterns, largely due to the inaccuracy of the conventional continuous-wave radar sensor to track the original signal pattern of slow respiratory movements. This paper presents the accurate assessment of different respiratory patterns based on noncontact Doppler radar sensing. This paper evaluates the feasibility of accurately monitoring different human respiration patterns via noncontact radar sensing. A 2.4 GHz DC coupled multi-radar system was used for accurate measurement of the complete respiration patterns without any signal distortion. Experiments were carried out in the lab environment to measure the different respiration patterns when the subject person performed natural breathing, chest breathing and diaphragmatic breathing. The experimental results showed that accurate assessment of different respiration patterns is feasible using the proposed noncontact radar sensing technique.
A Design Method of Generalized Predictive Control System Based on Parametrization of Two-degree-of-freedom Integral Controllers (1998)

A new design method for a generalized predictive control (GPC) based on a parametrization of two-degree-of-freedom integral controllers has been proposed. The objective is to guarantee the stability of the control system without the dependence on the design parameters and to achieve the low sensitivity against the perturbation of the plant and the disturbance. The design procedure consists of two steps. First, we design a basic integral controller for a nominal plant using the LQG (Linear Quadratic Gaussian) method and parametrize a class of two-degree-of-freedom stabilizing controllers. Next, we tune the feedforward controller to incorporate the GPC method into our control structure. A numerical example is presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed method by comparing with the conventional GPC.
Small RNA profiles from Panax notoginseng roots differing in sizes reveal correlation between miR156 abundances and root biomass levels (2017)

Plant genomes encode several classes of small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) that play critical roles in both development and stress responses. Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen (P. notoginseng) is an important traditional Chinese herbal medicinal plant species for its haemostatic effects. Therefore, the root yield of P. notoginseng is a major economically important trait since the roots of P. notoginseng are the parts used to produce medicine. To identify sRNAs that are critical for the root biomass of P. notoginseng, we performed a comprehensive study of miRNA transcriptomes from P. notoginseng roots of different biomasses. We identified 675 conserved miRNAs, of which 180 pre-miRNAs are also identified, and three TAS3 loci in P. notoginseng. By using degradome sequencing, we identified 79 conserved miRNA:target or tasiRNA:target interactions, of which eight were further confirmed with the RLM 5'-RACE experiments. More importantly, our results revealed that a member of miR156 family and one of its SPL target genes have inverse expression levels, which is tightly correlated with greater root biomass contents. These results not only contributes to overall understanding of post-transcriptional gene regulation in roots of P. notoginseng but also could serve as markers for breeding P. notoginseng with greater root yield.
Acidi grassi omega-3 nell'alimentazione del coniglio. (2005)

L'integrazione dei mangimi per conigli in accrescimento-ingrasso con acidi grassi polinsaturi della serie omega-3 favorisce un aumento della loro presenza nelle carni rendendole più rispondenti alle esigenze della nutrizione umana (alimenti funzionali). Ciò, in condizioni normali, avviene tanto se si usano EPA e DHA di origine ittica o da alghe marine, quanto con l'impiego dei precursori, acido alfa-linolenico in particolare. Ricerche effettuate su 240 coniglie fattrici, con l'intento di studiare gli effetti sull'efficienza riproduttiva, fanno ritenere che l'aggiunta alla dieta di microalghe coltivate, ricche di DHA (Schizochytrium spp.): 1) tenda a deprimere i consumi alimentari; 2) non influenzi in modo statisticamente significativo le performance riproduttive delle coniglie di primo parto; 3) favorisca il numero dei coniglietti nati e svezzati nel secondo parto; 4) riduca la mortalità neonatale dei coniglietti se utilizzate durante la prima gestazione e la successiva lattazione.
Characterizations and optimization of electrical contact between nanocomposite elastomer and metal (2009)

Nanocomposite elastomer is an exciting, emerging class of materials for polymer MEMS sensors and actuators . It is made by mixing electrically conducting particles (e.g., carbon nanotubes) in regular, nonconducting elastomer (e.g., PDMS) beyond percolation limit. The bulk resistance of the polymer is a function of particle doping concentration and other parameters (e.g., applied stress). The electrical contact between this material and patterned electrodes is crucial for future device performance but has not been systematically investigated in the past. In this work, we present comprehensive characterization of contact resistance between the nanocomposite elastomer and metal electrodes. We report the I-V and drift properties under different applied pressure. We discovered that liquid metal alloy (Galinstan: 68.5% Ga, 21.5% In, 10% Sn) could be used to drastically reduce the contact resistance and eliminate long term drift from 20% to below 2%.
Distribution of NO-Induced cGMP-Like Immunoreactive Neurones in the Abdominal Nervous System of the Crayfish, Procambarus clarkii (2002)

Nitric oxide (NO) acts as a signalling molecule by activating soluble guanylate cyclase and causing accumulation of the second messenger cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) in target cells. In order to detect the presence of NO-cGMP signalling pathway in the crayfish abdominal nervous system, accumulation of NO-induced cGMP was investigated by anti-cGMP immunochemistry. Some preparations were incubated in a high-K(+) saline containing an inhibitor of cGMP-degrading phosphodiesterase, 3-isobutyl-1-methyxanthine (IBMX), to activate NO generating neurones, which could release NO in the ganglion, and then immunohistochemistry using an anti-cGMP antibody was performed. The other preparations were incubated in NO donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) saline containing IBMX before anti-cGMP immunohistochemistry was performed. The distribution of cGMP-like immunoreactive neurones in high-K(+) treated preparations was similar to that of cGMP-like immunoreactive neurones in NO donor treated preparations. About 70-80 cell bodies and many neuronal branches in the neuropilar area of the ganglion were stained, although no neurones showed immunoreactivity unless preparations were activated by either high-K(+) or the NO donor. Some of them were identical neurones, and they were intersegmental ascending interneurones and motor neurones. Sensory afferents that innervates hind gut showed strong cGMP-like immunoreactivity, although no mechanosensory afferents showed any immunoreactivity. These results strongly suggest the presence of an NO-cGMP signalling pathway that regulates neuronal events in the abdominal nervous system of the crayfish.
Secure Lossless Aggregation Over Fading and Shadowing Channels for Smart Grid M2M Networks (2011)

While security is generally perceived as an important constituent of communication systems, this paper offers a viable security-communication trade-off particularly tailored to smart grids. These systems, often composed of embedded nodes with highly constrained resources, require, e.g., metering data to be delivered efficiently while neither jeopardizing communication nor security. Data aggregation is a natural choice in such settings, where an additional challenge is to facilitate per-hop and end-to-end security as well as a mechanism to protect the valid nodes from exhaustion threats. The prime contribution of this paper is to include into the security design framework issues related to aggregation, wireless fading and shadowing channels, physical layer parameters (such as choice of modulation, packet length, channel coder), medium access control parameters (such as average number of transmissions), routing parameters (such as choice of route). Relying on analysis and corroborating simulations, unprecedented design guidelines are derived which determine the operational point beyond which aggregation is useful as well quantifying the superiority of our protocol enriched with a protection mechanism against nonintended packets (malicious or nonmalicious) w.r.t. nonaggregated and/or unsecured solutions.
How reproducible are measures of the anal sphincter muscle diameter by endoanal ultrasound? (1997)

At present, therefore, endoanal ultrasound does not provide reliable morphometric data on anal sphincter muscle diameter. This could explain previously conflicting observations of associations between anal sphincter morphometry and function.
Impact of a long-lived anticyclonic mesoscale eddy on seawater anomalies in the northeastern tropical Pacific Ocean: A composite analysis from hydrographic measurements, sea level altimetry data and reanalysis model products (2022)

Abstract. Using observational data, satellite altimeters, and reanalysis model products, we have investigated eddy-induced seawater anomalies and heat/salt transport in the northeastern tropical Pacific Ocean. An eddy detection algorithm (EDA) was used to identify eddy formation at the Mexican Tehuantepec Gulf (TT) in July 2018 during an unusually strong summer wind event. The eddy separated from the coast with a mean translation velocity of 11 cm s-1 and a mean radius of 115 km and travelled 2050–2400 km westwards off the Central American coast, where it was followed at approx -114° W and 11° N for oceanographic observation between April and May 2019. The in-situ observations show that the major eddy impacts are restricted to the upper 300 m of the water column and are traceable down to 1500 m water depth. In the eddy core at 80 m water depth an extreme positive temperature anomaly of +8 °C, a negative salinity anomaly of -0.75 psu, a positive fluorescence anomaly of +0.8 mg m-3 and a positive dissolved oxygen concentration anomaly of 160 µmol kg-1 are observed. Considering the water volume trapped within the eddy, an average positive westward zonal heat transport anomaly of 85 × 1012 W and an average westward negative zonal salt transport of -2.2 × 106 kg s-1 are estimated. The heat transport is the equivalent of 1 % of the total annual zonal eddy-induced heat transport at this latitude in the Pacific Ocean. Understanding the dynamics of mesoscale eddies in this region of the Pacific Ocean is especially important in the light of potential deep-sea mining activities that are being targeted on this area.