gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reconstructed Human Epidermis: An Alternative Approach for In Vitro Bioequivalence Testing of Topical Products (2022)

The use of in vitro human skin permeation tests is of value when addressing the quality and equivalence of topical drug products in Europe and the US. Human skin is the membrane of choice for these studies. The use of human skin as a membrane is hindered by limited access, high variability of results, and limited applicability for drugs with low skin permeability. Reconstructed human epidermis (RhE) models are validated as skin surrogates for safety tests and have been explored for percutaneous absorption testing. Clotrimazole poorly permeates human skin and is widely available for topical treatments. In this study, clotrimazole creams were used to test the ability of RhE to be used as biological membrane for bioequivalence testing, based on the Draft Guideline on Quality and Equivalence of Topical Products (CHMP/QWP/708282/2018) using a discriminative and modified in vitro permeation test (IVPT). To fulfill the validation of a discriminatory method, Canesten<sup>®</sup> 10 mg/g cream was compared with a test product with the same drug strength, along with two "negative controls" dosed at a 50% and 200% drug strength. Products were compared in finite dose conditions, regarding maximal flux (J<sub>max</sub>) and the total amount of drug permeated (<i>A</i><sub><i>total</i></sub>). The results showed the discriminatory power of the method among the three drug strengths with no interference of the placebo formulation. The study design and validation complied with the requirements established in the guideline for a valid IVPT. This new test system allowed for the equivalence comparison between test and comparator product. Higher permeability of the RhE compared to human skin could be observed. This arose as a strength of the model for this modified IVPT bioequivalence testing, since comparing permeation profiles among products is envisaged instead of drawing absolute conclusions on skin permeation extent. These results may support the acceptance of RhE as biological membranes for modified IVPT in bioequivalence testing of topical products.
Phase Behavior and Proton Conduction in Poly(vinylphosphonic acid)/Poly(ethylene oxide) Blends (2010)

The miscibility of poly(vinylphosphonic acid) (PVPA) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) is studied for the first time in this work, and a miscibility diagram is obtained based on thermoanalytical (DSC) and optical microscopy data. On the basis of this knowledge, homogeneous PVPA/PEO blends are prepared as proton-conducting polymer films. The mobility of phosphonic acid groups and PEO in the blends is determined by 1H-MAS NMR in temperature-dependent measurements. The effect of composition and the role of PEO on proton conduction are discussed.
Malicious takeover of voting systems (2013)

This work focuses on the AccuVote Optical Scan voting terminal (AV-OS) that is widely used in US elections. We present a new attack that can be delivered without opening the system enclosure, and without changing a single bit of the system's firmware. The attack is launched by inserting a maliciously programmed AV-OS memory card into the terminal. The card contains binary code that exploits careless runtime memory management in the system's firmware to transfer control to alternate routines stored in the memory card. Once the control is taken by the injected code, the voting system is forced to operate according to the wishes of the attacker. In particular, given that the attack results in the execution of the arbitrary code, an attacker can completely take over AV-OS operation and compromise the results of an election. It is also noteworthy that once a memory card is compromised it can be duplicated using the native function of the voting terminal. In some past elections it was observed that up to 6% of all memory cards were involved in card duplication. There exists a non-trivial possibility that the infection on one memory card can propagate virally to other cards in a given election. This development was performed without access to the source code of the AV-OS system and without access to any internal vendor documentation. We note that this work is performed solely with the purpose of security analysis of AV-OS.
Measurement and Instrumentation Principles (2001)

Measurement activities in advanced industrial countries are estimated to account for somewhere between 3% and 6% of a country's Gross National Product. A well-founded National Measurement System is crucial to economic well-being and the quality of life for all citizens. It is like the oxygen we breathe - unseen and taken for granted - but it is absolutely essential for life as we experience and know it. That all students of science and technology should understand the fundamental nature of measurement and something about its implementation using instrumentation should be self-evident to even the dullest Head of Department, Dean of Faculty or Vice Chancellor of our colleges and universities.
CXCR4‐Transgene Expression Significantly Improves Marrow Engraftment of Cultured Hematopoietic Stem Cells (2004)

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) lose marrow reconstitution potential during ex vivo culture. HSC migration to stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1 (CXCL12) correlates with CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) expression and marrow engraftment. We demonstrate that mobilized human CD34+ peripheral blood stem cells (CD34+ PBSCs) lose CXCR4 expression during prolonged culture. We transduced CD34+ PBSCs with retrovirus vector encoding human CXCR4 and achieved 18-fold more CXCR4 expression in over 87% of CD34+ cells. CXCR4-transduced cells yielded increased calcium flux and up to a 10-fold increase in migration to SDF-1. Six-day cultured CXCR4-transduced cells demonstrated significant engraftment in nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient mice under conditions in which control transduced cells resulted in low or no engraftment. We conclude that transduction-mediated overexpression of CXCR4 significantly improves marrow engraftment of cultured PBSCs.
Compression-locked nailing of the humerus: A mechanical analysis (2007)

Both nails are capable of resisting physiological forces acting on the humerus. The constructs with the TLN under compression are more stable in bending. Compression with an axial set screw is the more stable option.
Cholinergic circuitry of the human nucleus basalis and its fate in Alzheimer's disease (2013)

The nucleus basalis is located at the confluence of the limbic and reticular activating systems. It receives dopaminergic input from the ventral tegmental area/substantia nigra, serotonergic input from the raphe nuclei, and noradrenergic input from the nucleus locus coeruleus. Its cholinergic contingent, known as Ch4, provides the principal source of acetylcholine for the cerebral cortex and amygdala. More than half of presynaptic varicosities along its cholinergic axons make traditional synaptic contacts with cortical neurons. Limbic and paralimbic cortices of the brain receive the heaviest cholinergic input from Ch4 and are also the principal sources of reciprocal cortical projections back to the nucleus basalis. This limbic affiliation explains the role of the nucleus basalis in modulating the impact and memorability of incoming sensory information. The anatomical continuity of the nucleus basalis with other basomedial limbic structures may underlie its early and high vulnerability to the tauopathy and neurofibrillary degeneration of Alzheimer's disease. The tauopathy in Ch4 eventually leads to the degeneration of the cholinergic axons that it sends to the cerebral cortex. The early involvement of Ch4 has a magnifying effect on Alzheimer's pathology, because neurofibrillary degeneration in a small number of neurons can perturb neurotransmission in all cortical areas. Although the exact contribution of the Ch4 lesion to the cognitive changes of Alzheimer's disease remains poorly understood, the cholinergic circuitry of the nucleus basalis is emerging as one of the most strategically positioned and behaviorally consequential modulatory systems of the human cerebral cortex. J. Comp. Neurol. 521:4124-4144, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Modeling of multiwavelength laser with saturable homogeneous gain and nonlinear loss (2009)

We theoretically studied the operation of a laser with homogeneous gain and nonlinear loss. Multi-wavelength operation is possible because the nonlinear loss provides an adaptive balance to the different gain values at different wavelengths.
Synthesis and Properties of a Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane-Based New Light-Emitting Nanoparticle (2009)

A polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)-based electroluminescent nanoparticle, POSS-NPA, which contains anthracenenaphthyl chromophores on each of its eight arms, was easily prepared via the hydrosilylation reaction between octakis(dimethylsiloxy)silsesquioxane and allyl-functionalized 9-naphthalene-2-yl-10-phenyl anthracene chromophores. POSS-NPA was completely soluble in common organic solvents such as chloroform, THF, toluene, p-xylene, and chlorobenzene, and showed good film-forming properties on a quartz plate or an indium tin oxide (ITO) plate, i.e., it has good solution processing properties. The UV-visible absorption and the photoluminescence (PL) emission maxima of POSS-NPA in chlorobenzene solution were found to be 378 nm and 433 nm while those of POSS-NPA in the solid state were 379 and 464 nm, respectively. An electroluminescent (EL) device with the configuration of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/POSS-NPA (50 nm)/BAIq (40 nm)/LiF (1 nm)/Al (120 nm) was also fabricated and the blue light emission was successfully obtained.
Insecticidal activity of 2-tridecanone against the cowpea weevil Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) (2007)

The effect of 2-tridecanone vapor on the cowpea weevil (Callosobruchus maculatus) development was determined. Seeds of cowpea were infested with adults and exposed to different doses of 2-tridecanone isolated from Pilocarpus microphyllus Stapf ex Holm, a plant species native from northeastern Brazil. The pure monoterpene was evaluated both undiluted as well as in the dilutions 1:10, 1:100 and 1:1,000 (v/v). The following parameters of the cowpea weevil life cycle were analyzed in response to decreasing doses of 2-tridecanone: number of eggs laid, percentage of egg hatching on seeds, percentage of adult emergence, adult weight at emergence, mean developmental time and number of adults emerged. Vapor of 2-tridecanone caused a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in the number of eggs laid, in the percentage of eggs hatched and in the number of emerged adults in infested seeds. The fumigant insecticidal effect of 2-tridecanone was mainly due to its ovicidal activity.
Functional analysis of putative beta-ketoacyl:acyl carrier protein synthase and acyltransferase active site motifs in a type II polyketide synthase of Streptomyces glaucescens (1995)

The significance of potential active site motifs for acyltransferase and beta-ketoacyl:acyl carrier protein synthase regions within the TcmK protein was investigated by determining the effects of mutations in the proposed active sites on the production of tetracenomycins F2 and C. In a Streptomyces glaucescens tcmGHI JKLMNO null mutant, plasmids carrying the S351A mutation produced high amounts of tetracenomycin F2 but plasmids carrying the C173A or C173S mutation or the H350L-S351A double mutation produced no detectable amount of any known intermediate. In a tcmK mutant, plasmids with the S351A mutation restored high production of tetracenomycin C and plasmids carrying the other mutations were able to complement the chromosomal defect to some extent. None of the mutations affected the amount of TcmK produced.
Novel 3-Aminomethyl- and 4-Aminopiperidine Analogues of 1-[2-(Diphenylmethoxy)ethyl]-4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazines:  Synthesis and Evaluation as Dopamine Transporter Ligands (1999)

We have undertaken a program to develop cocaine antagonists based on the premise that such compounds should block cocaine binding but permit reuptake of dopamine at the dopamine transporter (DAT). To evaluate the structural features of potential cocaine antagonists, 3-aminomethylpiperidine and 4-aminopiperidine moieties were incorporated at the central bridge region (piperazine ring) of GBR 12935. The compounds were assayed as inhibitors of [(125)I]RTI-55 binding at the DAT and monoamine transport. The results indicated that most of the new compounds preferentially inhibited norepinephrine reuptake by its transporter (NET) but in some cases retained binding selectivity for the DAT. In general, the binding selectivity and potency of [(3)H]NE reuptake inhibition were very sensitive to modifications of the central bridge diamine moiety (position of two basic nitrogen atoms). Compound 6 exhibited the highest ratio (14-fold) of DA reuptake inhibition to RTI-55 binding inhibition at the DAT; however, in an in vitro assay of cocaine antagonism, this compound failed to reduce inhibition of [(3)H]DA uptake by cocaine. These results demonstrated that separation of biological activities into the binding and reuptake inhibition can be achieved by alterations in the internal diamine component of GBR 12935, but additional modifications are necessary before these agents constitute lead compounds for development as cocaine antagonists.
GENESIS AND STRUCTURAL PROPERTIESOF (Ce1–xMx0.8Ni0.2Oy (M = La, Mg) OXIDES (2020)

The genesis and structural properties of (Ce1–xMx)0.8Ni0.2Oy (M = La, Mg; x = 0, 0.2, 0.5, 0.8, 1; 1.0 ≤ y ≤ 1.8) oxides that are promising catalyst precursors are studied. A complex of physicochemical methods (low-temperature nitrogen adsorption, ex situ and in situ powder X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and EDX analysis) is used to show that after the calcination at 500 °C in the oxidizing medium, (Ce1–xMx)0.8Ni0.2Oy become mesoporous materials representing substitutional solid solutions with a cubic fluorite-type structure with supported particles of the Ni-containing phase. When M = La, Ni cations are mainly stabilized in the composition of the Ce–La–Ni–O solid solution, and when M = Mg, they are stabilized in the Mg–Ni–O composition. It is found that La- or Mg-containing samples, as compared to Ce0.8Ni0.2Oy, have highly defective structures and smaller sizes of crystallites (≤ 4 nm, x ≥ 0.5). After thermal treatment of the samples in H2/Не at 800 °C, highly dispersed Ni° particles with a size of 5-10 nm are formed. Metal particles have defects and a polycrystal structure, and they are readily reoxidized in air with the formation of “core@shell” Ni@NiO structures.
What was behind the first recognition and characterization of autochthonous SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission in Italy: The impact on European scenario (2021)

An Italian male with no link to China Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic presented at Emergency Room (ER) with severe respiratory impairment. The RT-PCR on 20 February 2020, nasopharyngeal swab revealed SARS-CoV-2 infection, confirmed with viral culture and sequencing. This was the first identified autochthonous SARS-CoV-2 transmission in Italy, that unveiled global pathogen diffusion. This clinical case highlights an underestimation of SARS-CoV-2 circulation, making initial containment measures unfit to face the real situation and delaying the management of potentially affected SARS-CoV-2 patients.
Usefulness of Multidetector-row CT in the Evaluation of Reperfused Myocardial Infarction in a Rabbit Model (2004)

Multidetector-row CT may be useful in the detection and sizing of reperfused myocardial infarction.
IFIP (1997)

article IFIP Share on Author: Gordon B. Davis Carlson School of Management, University of Minnesota Carlson School of Management, University of MinnesotaView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGMIS Database: the DATABASE for Advances in Information SystemsVolume 28Issue 3Summer 1997 pp 9–11https://doi.org/10.1145/272657.565540Published:01 June 1997 0citation234DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations0Total Downloads234Last 12 Months0Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Aeration of anaerobically digested sewage sludge for COD and nitrogen removal: optimization at large-scale (2008)

The paper will report about the experiences at an Austrian large wastewater treatment plant of 720,000 population equivalents, where anaerobically digested sewage sludge is further stabilised under aerobic conditions. Enhanced stabilisation of the anaerobically digested sludge was required at the plant in order to get a permit for landfill disposal of the dewatered stabilized sludge. By implementing a post-aeration treatment (SRT approximately 6d; 36 degrees C) after anaerobic digestion the organic content of the anaerobically well digested sludge can be decreased by 16%. Investigations on site showed that during digested sludge post-aeration anoxic phases for denitrification are needed to provide stable process conditions. In this way the pH value can be kept in a more favourable range for micro-organisms and concrete structures. Additionally, inhibition of the biological process due to nitrite accumulation can be avoided. By optimising the aeration/pause ratio approximately 45% of total nitrogen in digested sludge can be removed. This significantly improves nitrogen removal efficiency at the wastewater treatment plant. NH(4)-removal occurs mainly through nitritation and denitritation with an efficiency of 98%. The costs/benefit analysis shows that post-aeration of digested sludge results in an increase of total annual costs for wastewater treatment of only 0.84%, corresponding to 0.19 Euro/pe/a. Result of molecular biological analyses (DGGE) indicate that all four ammonium-oxidizing bacteria species present in activated sludge can survive anaerobic digestion, but only two of them can adapt in the digested sludge post-aeration tanks. Additionally, in the post-aerated digested sludge a further ammonium-oxidizing bacteria species was identified.
Alterations of Central Vasopressinergic System in Transgenic Rats with Low Brain Angiotensinogen (2000)

P188 The consequence of a permanent alteration of the brain renin-angiotensin system (RAS) on central vasopressinergic system was studied at the level of the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) of transgenic rats with a deficit in brain angiotensinogen, TGR(ASrAOGEN). Vasopressin (AVP) (100 pmol/ 50nl) or desmopressin (DDAVP, V2 receptor agonist) (100pmol/ 50nl) were microinjected into the NTS of urethane-anesthetized TGR(ASrAOGEN) and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Blood pressure and heart rate were measured via a femoral artery catheter and the baroreflex induced by phenylephrine (baroreflex bradycardia) evaluated. Hypothalamic levels of AVP mRNA were measured by ribonuclease protection assay (RPA). AVP microinjections induced a greater decrease of the MAP in TGR(ASrAOGEN) in comparison with SD rats (-19.9 ± 5.2 vs. -7.5 ± 0.7 mmHg, p
New and simple template synthesis of uninegative, macrocyclic, corrin-type ligands (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew and simple template synthesis of uninegative, macrocyclic, corrin-type ligandsSue C. Cummings and Robert E. SieversCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 1, 215–217Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00704a045https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00704a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views181Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium Held in Austin, Texas on August 8-10, 1994. (1994)

Abstract : Solid Freeform Fabrication as an important and totally integrated approach to design, materials processing and manufacturing research results related to it is contained in this proceedings of the SFF Symposium held in Austin, Texas on August 8-10, 1994. SFF Topics covered in the Symposium include: Machine Design, Computer Sectioning, Reverse Engineering, Materials Processing: Metals, Ceramics, Polymers, Waxes, Composites, Applications. (jg) p.2(tp)
Advances in multiparametric molecular diagnostics technologies for respiratory tract infections (2013)

We describe the recent advances in commercial multiparametric molecular diagnostics technologies for the diagnosis of RTIs. Combining the specific and sensitive molecular detection of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and drug resistances is key if molecular methods are to replace traditional culture. The reliability of the molecular drug-resistance markers chosen, the need for the quantitative detection of some organisms, and throughput are also important considerations for new technology developers.
Development of graphic skills: Research perspectives and educational implications. (1991)

Part 1 Development of written language: where writing starts - the analysis of action applied to the historical development of writing. Part 2 Dynamics of development - writing: a new method for the evaluation of handwritten material characteristics of the developing handwriting skill in elementary education a developmental study of the relation between movement patterns in letter combinations (words) and writings. Part 3 dynamics of development - drawing: the development of drawing principles in Chinese isochrony and accuracy of drawing movements in children - effects of age and context. Part 4 Individual differences - the development of style: is the inverted handwriting posture really so bad for left-handers? the effect of teachers' personal handwriting on their reproduction of school handwriting models developmental dynamics of handwriting - appraising the relation between handwriting and personality. Part 5 Dysfunction: development of reading, spelling and writing skills from third to sixth grade in normal and dysgraphic school children the identification of dyslexic handwriting through graphoanalysis estimating a child's learning potential from form errors in a child's printing variability in children's handwriting - computer diagnosis of writing difficulties. Part 6 Remedial issues: dysfluency in children's handwriting handwriting training - computer aided tools for remedial drawing and handwriting difficulties - reasons for and remediation of dysfunction.