gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Developmental maturation of the hematopoietic system controlled by a Lin28b-let-7-Cbx2 axis (2022)

Hematopoiesis changes over life to meet the demands of maturation and aging. Here, we find that the definitive hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) compartment is remodeled from gestation into adulthood, a process regulated by the heterochronic Lin28b/let-7 axis. Native fetal and neonatal HSPCs distribute with a pro-lymphoid/erythroid bias with a shift toward myeloid output in adulthood. By mining transcriptomic data comparing juvenile and adult HSPCs and reconstructing coordinately activated gene regulatory networks, we uncover the Polycomb repressor complex 1 (PRC1) component Cbx2 as an effector of Lin28b/let-7's control of hematopoietic maturation. We find that juvenile Cbx2<sup>-/-</sup> hematopoietic tissues show impairment of B-lymphopoiesis, a precocious adult-like myeloid bias, and that Cbx2/PRC1 regulates developmental timing of expression of key hematopoietic transcription factors. These findings define a mechanism of regulation of HSPC output via chromatin modification as a function of age with potential impact on age-biased pediatric and adult blood disorders.
Krävs både dominans och konkurrensskada för att stoppa företagskoncentrationer (2003)

Abstract in Undetermined Continental Can-domen uppfattades som omvälvande, men när jag trettio år senare läser om domsskälen är det slående hur brett formulerade de är. I slutet av sitt principiella resonemang, som förklarar varför även strukturella förändringar kan bli föremål för ingrepp, uttalar EG-domstolen: (27) … for the strengthening of the position of an undertaking may be an abuse and prohibited under Article 82 EC, regardless of the means and the procedure by which it is achieved, if it has the effects mentioned above. Ska formuleringarna tolkas så företag kan brytas upp även när tillväxten är följden av företagets växtkraft och konkurrensförmåga? Resultatet blir då att systemet frammanar konkurrens mellan företag, men vänder sig mot vinnaren när denne agerat enligt kraven. Allt sedan 1973 har bedömningen av koncentrationsärenden varit en prioriterad angelägenhet i gemenskapen. Under hösten 2002 har utvecklingen varit särdeles intensiv och det finns idag anledning att fundera över hur systemet ska reformeras. Med detta inlägg granskar jag med den gamla domen som utgångspunkt den senaste utvecklingen på koncentrationsområdet. Vilka kriterier gäller för att myndigheterna ska kunna gripa in mot företagssammanslagningar. Kan dessa eller andra regler inte bara förhindra tillkomsten av dominerande företag, utan även utnyttjas för att bryta upp bestående enheter?
China’s strategic approach to elite sport development: Past, present and future (2017)

The Olympic Games are a dynamic competitive environment for nations to compete in. This dynamic is characterised by an increase of nations competing and winning medals, as well as nations increasing their investment in high performance sport. These dynamics are described in the literature as an ongoing global sporting arms race between nations.&#13;\n&#13;\nNations are challenged to adopt to this competitive environment and to manage their high performance sport system accordingly. Within the national system, the National Sports Agency (NSA) is the leading decision- making organisation on the national level of sports, or high performance sport in particular. Working together with other governmental, non-profit and for-profit organisations of a national elite sport system these hybrid or non-governmental organisations are responsible for, among other things, the allocation of (financial) resources to the different sports, which are supported on the national level. The NSAs generally aim at increasing (or at least stabilising) their medal success at the Olympic Games and possibly build a competitive advantage in the longer run.&#13;\n&#13;\nDr. Zheng (Hong Kong Baptist University) presents the strategic approach of China notably increasing its success at both, the Olympic Summer and Winter Games. China has shown an incredible increase of Olympic success since the Olympic Glory Plan has been introduced in the 1990s. The Chinese Ministry of Sports applies a strategy summed up by the ’Five-Word principle’, i.e. Small, Fast, Women, Water and Agile.
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution. 13.1 Kinetics and Spectroscopy of the Chloromethylation of Benzene and Toluene with Methoxyacetyl Chloride or Chloromethyl Methyl Ether and Aluminum Chloride in Nitromethane or Tin Tetrachloride in Dichloromethane. The Methoxymethyl Cation as a Remarkably Selective Common Electrophile (1997)

Vacuum line kinetics studies have been made of the reaction in nitromethane between benzene and/or toluene, methoxyacetyl chloride (MAC), and AlCl(3) to produce benzyl or xylyl chlorides, CO, and a CH(3)OH(-)AlCl(3) complex. For both arenes, the rate law appears to be R = (k(3)/[AlCl(3)](0)) [AlCl(3)](2)[MAC]. When chloromethyl methyl ether (CMME) is substituted for MAC, a similar rate law is obtained. Both chloromethylation reactions yielded similar, large k(T)()/k(B)() ratios (500-600) and similar product isomer distributions with low meta percentages ( approximately 0.4) which suggest CH(3)OCH(2)(+) or the CH(3)OCH(2)(+)Al(2)Cl(7)(-) ion pair as a common, remarkably selective, electrophile. The kinetics of MAC decomposition to CMME and CO in the presence of AlCl(3) yielded the rate law R = k(2)[AlCl(3)](0)[MAC]. Here AlCl(3) is a catalyst (no CH(3)OH is formed), and thus the rate law is equivalent to the chloromethylation rate law. All three reactions have comparable reactivities, which is consistent with rate-determining production of the electrophile. Kinetics studies of benzene or toluene with SnCl(4) and MAC or CMME in dichloromethane were also completed. With MAC and benzene the rate law is R = k(3)[SnCl(4)](0)[MAC][benzene] and with toluene R = k(2)[SnCl(4)](0)[MAC]. MAC decomposition, again followed by CO production, was unaffected by the presence of either aromatic and obeyed the rate law R = k(2)' [SnCl(4)](0)[MAC] where k(2) approximately k(2)'. Chloromethylation with CMME followed the rate law R = k(3)[SnCl(4)](0)[CMME][arene] for benzene and toluene and produced a k(T)()/k(B)() ratio and product isomer distributions very similar to those determined with AlCl(3) in nitromethane, further supporting a common electrophile. Low-temperature (13)C and (119)Sn FT-NMR and Raman spectroscopic studies suggest the existence of a weak 1:1 adduct between MAC and SnCl(4) of the type RCXO --> SnCl(4), with electron donation to the metal through carboxy oxygen. Finally, an explanation is provided for the range of chloromethylation k(T)()/k(B)() values and product isomer percentages published in the literature.
Trends in France for the use of the ELISA method in routine seed potato testing and problems of cross reactions between potato viruses A and Y1. (1985)

International audience
Helicobacter pylori Exhibits a Fur-Dependent Acid Tolerance Response (2011)

A subset of proteins is involved in the ATR and confer a negative ATR phenotype.
Carrier Injection Characteristics in Diamine/ZnSe Organic-Inorganic Thin-Film Heterostructures for Blue Electroluminescence (1993)

Blue electroluminescence, peaking at a wavelength nearly corresponding to the band gap of ZnSe, is observed in a Au/diamine(TAD)/ZnSe/GaAs/In structure, where TAD/ZnSe layers are successively grown on a GaAs substrate using molecular beam epitaxy/deposition. Investigations of carrier injection characteristics at the heterostructure revealed that (i) electrons and holes accumulate at the TAD/ZnSe interface under positive bias application to the Au electrode, (ii) a strong electric field formed by the accumulated electrons and holes, ∼10 7 V/cm 2 , lowers the potential barriers at the TAD/ZnSe interface for both electrons and holes, (iii) holes injected from TAD to ZnSe recombine with electrons, resulting in sharp blue electroluminescence in the ZnSe layer. The similarity of these processes to those at practical organic/organic interfaces suggests that these kinds of tunneling injections are commonly applicable for explanation of the operation of organic electroluminescent devices.
Efficient modulation techniques for satellite telemetry—receiver design and performance evaluation (1992)

Abstract In this paper we address the design of the data demodulator for high‐efficiency satellite communications suited for telemetry applications. We choose Gaussian minimum shift keying as the modulation format and analyse its relative merits with respect to the more traditional filtered offset quadrature phase‐shift keying scheme, when applied to medium‐to‐high data rate telemetry. Our study encompasses both geostationary orbits and the more challenging low earth orbit scenarios, and investigates the acquisition and tracking performance of the receiver with the aid of computer simulations. In particular, we present design criteria leading to the development of efficient, low‐complexity schemes for symbol timing and carrier phase/frequency recovery and we analyse the impact of these synchronization algorithms on the system performance. Next, we discuss the demodulator performance degradation when the transmitted signal is passed through on‐board solid‐state or travelling‐wave‐tube power amplifiers. The paper is concluded by a comparative analysis of the above modulation schemes, with special emphasis on their power and spectral efficiency.
Therapeutic targeting of the complement system in age‐related macular degeneration: a review (2012)

The last decade has produced pivotal change in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a leading cause of global blindness. In this time, the complement system has featured as a unifying theme for several elements of new evidence: initially, the discovery of complement proteins within drusen and subsequently, the association between AMD and mutations in various complement pathway genes, most notably complement factor H. Increasingly, a wealth of data are pointing towards a role for chronic local inflammation and complement activation in the patho-aetiology of AMD. These findings have paved the way for the exploration of a new paradigm of therapy in AMD management; targeting of specific molecular constituents in the complement pathway thus producing dampening or inhibition of the inflammatory response. Such an approach has the potential to intervene earlier in the disease process and ideally before vision is compromised. In this review we discuss the role of the complement system in AMD, novel therapies in preclinical evaluation and clinical trial, and whether these have a part to play in reducing the burden of disease.
Correlation of in vivo bioavailability of erythromycin stearate tablets with in vitro tests. (1980)

Correlations between the bioavailability parameters for erythromycin stearate tablets from five manufacturers and in vitro tests of these tablets were examined using forward (stepwise), multiple linear regression analysis. Bioavailability parameters were determined in clinical studies employing a balanced, incomplete block design. In vitro tests used disintegration, dissolution, and dissolution/dialysis as the independent variables in regression equations. Significant correlations were found between linear combinations of these parameters and the time of peak and the peak serum levels. The inclusion of an in vitro disintegration test to describe peak serum levels of erythromycin is noteworthy since it has been suggested that disintegration tests are of less value than dissolution techniques employed in the present investigation may be useful for selection of appropriate physicochemical tests for continued monitoring of the bioavailability of erythromycin stearate tablets.
Cadmium Regulates the Expression of the CFTR Chloride Channel in Human Airway Epithelial Cells (2010)

Cadmium is a toxic heavy metal ranked seventh on the Priority List of Hazardous Substances. As a byproduct of smelters, cadmium is a prevalent environmental contaminant. It is also a major component of cigarette smoke, and its inhalation is associated with decreased pulmonary function, lung cancer, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Ion channels, including the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), play a central role in maintaining fluid homeostasis and lung functions. CFTR is mostly expressed in epithelial cells, and little is known about the effect of cadmium exposure on lung epithelial cell function. We show that exposure to cadmium decreases the expression of the CFTR protein and subsequent chloride transport in human airway epithelial cells in vitro. Impairment of CFTR protein expression was also observed in vivo in the lung of mice after intranasal instillation of cadmium. We established that the inhibitory effect of cadmium was not a nonspecific effect of heavy metals, as nickel had no effect on CFTR protein levels. Finally, we show that selected antioxidants, including alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E), but not N-acetylcysteine, can prevent the cadmium-induced suppression of CFTR. In summary, we have identified cadmium as a regulator of the CFTR chloride channel present in lung epithelial cells. Future strategies to prevent the deleterious effect of cadmium on epithelial cells and lung functions may benefit from the finding that alpha-tocopherol protects CFTR expression and function.
[Use of the thermal laser effect of laser irradiation for cardiovascular applications exemplified by the Nd:YAG laser]. (1989)

Techniques of percutaneous transluminal application of laser energy for vessel recanalization have been used clinically since 1983. The commonly used Nd:YAG and argon lasers achieve ablation of atherosclerotic plaques by thermal action (vaporization). In order to reduce undesirable thermal damage in the neighborhood of the target tissue and to avoid vessel perforation, optimal irradiation parameters, modified (atraumatic) fiber tips (hot tips, sapphires), and steerable catheter systems needed to be implemented. Favorable results from peripheral application have encouraged use in the coronary circulation. More recently, coagulative tissue effects of circumferential irradiation of the vessel wall during balloon dilatation have been used for stabilization of acute and late results after mechanical balloon angioplasty. Enhancement of the differential light absorption of atherosclerotic plaque by use of biological dyes may further improve selective intravascular laser application. Intraoperative ECG-guided laser coagulation of arrhythmogenic areas of myocardium is a method for treatment of malignant arrhythmias. Transluminal non-operative application of myocardial laser photocoagulation has now been tested experimentally and shown to be safe and effective. There was no arrhythmogenicity or thermal damage of coronary arteries associated with this method. Innovative techniques such as nanosecond pulsed excimer lasers (athermal action) and development of "intelligent" lasers--which are equipped with spectroscopy-guided feedback systems for plaque recognition--have opened new perspectives and will further improve safety and efficacy of clinical laser application. However, according to current experience, the thermally acting Nd:YAG laser is an effective and versatile mode of laser therapy for selected cardiovascular indications.
A new two-dimensional subwavelength resonant grating filter fabricated by nanoimprint lithography (2002)

Subwavelength Resonant Grating (SRG) optical filter is a novel filter that can reflect a specific wavelength and transmit the others. They are easy to fabricate and can readily be integrated with other optical elements, such as laser cavity. Previously, SRG filters with 1D gratings, which are polarization dependent, and SRG filter with 2D holes, which is polarization independent, have been demonstrated. Here, we present the first fabrication by Nanoimprint Lithography (NIL) and characterization of a SRG filter with 2D pillars. SRG filters with 2D structure are generally required to obtain polarization independent operation. Furthermore, NIL is a low-cost, high-throughput, sub-10 nm resolution lithographic technique. Compared with previous 2D SRG filter, the pillar array structure reported here exhibits significantly higher peak efficiency, smaller FWHM, and same resonant wavelength for two orthogonal polarizations. In addition, high performance 1D SRG filter with 0.38 nm FWHM, 98% peak reflection efficiency is demonstrated by NIL here. Both the 2D and 1D SRG filters operate at 1.5 /spl mu/m spectral range.
Engineering Optical Activity of Semiconductor Nanocrystals via Ion Doping (2016)

Abstract Controlling the strength of enantioselective interaction of chiral inorganic nanoparticles with circularly polarized light is an intrinsically interesting subject of contemporary nanophotonics. This interaction is relatively weak, because the chirality scale of nanoparticles is much smaller than the optical wavelength. Here we theoretically demonstrate that ion doping provides a powerful tool of engineering and enhances optical activity of semiconductor nanocrystals. We show that by carefully positioning ionic impurities inside the nanocrystals, one can maximize the rotatory strengths of intraband optical transitions, and make them 100 times larger than the typical rotatory strengths of small chiral molecules.
Experimental and modeling study of diauxic lag of Pseudomonas denitrificans switching from oxic to anoxic conditions (1998)

We have shown that Pseudomonas denitrificans undergo a diauxie when switching from dissolved oxygen to nitrate as terminal electron acceptor. The length of time under aeration significantly affected the length of the diauxic lag, whereas the presence or absence of nitrate in the culture under aeration had a marginal effect. Nitrate consumption was very low during the lag period and then increased rapidly, coinciding with exponentially increasing biomass concentrations. Biochemical rate expressions that account for enzyme synthesis and activity in response to culture conditions and enzyme specific levels were developed. The new model successfully predicts the different lengths of diauxic lags observed in the experiments as well as the growth pattern and nitrate uptake. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 60: 649–655, 1998.
Advanced emitters for next generation rf amplifiers (1998)

Next generation rf amplifiers, in particular the inductive output amplifiers (IOAs), will require electron sources characterized by high current density, high brightness, low emittance, and the ability to be emission gated. The strong interaction between the beam and the resonant or synchronous electromagnetic field may enable compact, highly efficient, and moderate gain X-band power booster amplifiers. An analysis of amplifier demands on generic emitter candidates is provided. Of the emitter candidates available, two (namely, field emitter arrays and wide-band-gap semiconductors) are amenable to an analysis predicated on a simple model of field emission from hyperbolas and ellipsoids. The simple model is used to investigate two problems of critical concern: for field emitter arrays (FEAs), we will investigate the conditions under which important space charge effects exist, and from the model predict optimum FEA performance characteristics for rf IOAs; for wide-band-gap materials, the simple model identifies parameters which limit the maximum electron transport across a metal-semiconductor interface, thereby limiting current flow.
Saturation of Absorption for Silver Nanoparticles in Glass irradiated with Femtosecond Laser pulses at 400 nm (2015)

Saturation of absorption (SA) is an intensity dependent behavior occurs at high intensity regime due to depletion of the ground state population during the laser pulse irradiation. In this report the observation of SA for silver nanoparticles (NPs) embedded in glass prepared by ion exchange method is presented. The nonlinear transmission and the Z-scan methods both were employed to verify the SA as well as to determine the saturation intensity and linear absorption coefficient for silver NPs. The light source was the second harmonic of the Ti-sapphire laser corresponding to 400 nm wavelength which is close to the surface Plasmon resonance (SPR) of the silver NPs. The obtained results show that the saturation pulse energy for the examined sample is 330 nJ corresponding to the saturation intensity of 845 GW/cm 2 . Observation of strong SA at low saturation intensity (Is) for the prepared sample make it as a promising candidate for applications exploiting SA phenomenon such as producing short laser pulses and all optical switching devices.
A HETEROEPITAXIAL MULTI-ATOMIC-LAYER SYSTEM OF GRAPHENE AND h-BN (2000)

Multi-atomic-layer systems stacked with monolayer graphene/monolayer h-BN/Ni(111) have been grown in an epitaxial manner. The graphene overlayer formation changes drastically the interfacial interaction between the h-BN layer and Ni(111). As a result, a peculiar property of the monolayer h-BN on Ni(111) changes to a bulklike one. The π–d orbital hybridization at the interface disappears. Accordingly, a metallic character of monolayer h-BN disappears, the soft TO ⊥ phonon returns to the bulk one, and the reduced lattice constant of h-BN on Ni(111) also returns to the bulk one. In contrast, the h-BN overlayer formation does not change the interface between the monolayer graphene and Ni(111). From those data, the strength order of interfacial bonds changes as follows: graphene/Ni(111) &gt; graphene/h-BN &gt; h-BN/Ni(111).
Data associated with 'Nucleation of nitric acid hydrates in Polar Stratospheric Clouds by meteoric material' (2018)

Heterogeneous nucleation of crystalline nitric acid hydrates in Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCs) enhances ozone depletion. However, the identity and mode of action of the particles responsible for nucleation remains unknown. It has been suggested that meteoric material may trigger nucleation of nitric acid trihydrate (NAT; or other nitric acid phases), but this has never been directly demonstrated in the laboratory. Meteoric material is present in two forms in the stratosphere, smoke which results from the ablation and re-condensation of vapours, and fragments which result from the disruption of meteoroids entering the atmosphere. This data and accompanying study show that analogues of both materials have a capacity to nucleate nitric acid hydrates. In combination with estimates from a global model of the amount of meteoric smoke and fragments in the polar stratosphere the data shows that meteoric material probably accounts for NAT observations in early season polar stratospheric clouds in the absence of water ice.
Induction of chromosome decondensation, sister-chromatid exchanges and endoreduplications by 5-azacytidine, an inhibitor of DNA methylation (1983)

Copy number changes and DNA methylation alterations are crucial to gene regulation in mammals. Recently, a number of microarray studies have been based on copy number and DNA methylation alterations in order to find clinical biomarkers of carcinogenesis. In this study, we attempted to combine profiles of copy number and methylation patterns in four human cancer cell lines using BAC microarray-based approaches and we detected several clinically important genes which showed genetic and epigenetic relationships. Within the clones analyzed, many contained cancer-related genes involved in cell cycle regulation, cell division, signal transduction, tumor necrosis, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. One clone included the FHIT gene, a well-known tumor suppressor gene involved in various human cancers. Our combined profiling techniques may provide a method by which to find new clinicopathologic cancer biomarkers, and support the idea that systematic characterization of the genetic and epigenetic events in cancers may rapidly become a reality.