gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rapid lateral flow tests for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies (2021)

<b>Background:</b> Rapid Lateral Flow Test (LFT) has been broadly utilized in detection or diagnosis of numerous disease-related antigens and antibodies. It is the most popular format of point-of-care test (POCT) and quickest and easiest way to detect a targeted molecule. In the combat against COVID-19 pandemic, hundreds of POCTs have been developed and are commercially available now. They are designed to detect either a SARS-CoV-2 viral antigen or IgG and IgM antibodies binding to it. Among the binding antibodies, a special type of functional antibodies that block the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 virus and its human receptor, neutralizing antibodies (NAbs), are of particular interest to public as well as in vaccination management. However as of today, POCTs for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 NAbs remain under late stage of development.<b>Scope and method:</b>In this review, we first summarize the importance of awareness and monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 NAbs in the combat against COVID-19 pandemic. Secondly, we compare the available methods for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 NAbs. Next, we describe challenges in the development of a rapid lateral flow test for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 NAbs. Finally, we outline its product formats and applications in research and in disease management. <b>Conclusion:</b>Vaccine effectiveness is unknown for an individual unless measured. NAb level is the most viable measurement for vaccine effectiveness or immunity. A broadly accessible NAb POCT is urgently needed.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Point-of-care Tests Used to Detect Arterial Disease in Diabetes (2020)

PAD-scan has superior diagnostic utility and is a valid first line investigation.
Group-6 Imido Activation by a Ring-Strained Alkyne (2004)

Treatment of M(NAr)2(Cl)2(DME), where Ar = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl, with cyclooctyne results in the formation of M(C8H12C8H12NAr)(Cl)2(NAr), where M = Mo (1) and W (2). The complexes have metrical and spectroscopic parameters that are most consistent with an alkylidene-imine formulation with some participation by the alkyl-amido resonance form. Thermolysis of metallacycles 1 and 2 generates a pyrrole elimination product, with the tungsten derivative being more thermally stable. In addition, the metallacycle is quite hydrolytically stable. Addition of 50% H2SO4 to a toluene solution of 2 protolytically cleaves all the ligands on the metal except those associated with the metallacycle, which are retained in the oxo product [W(O)(μ-O)(C8H12C8H12NAr)]2 (3). The metallacycles 1−3 will polymerize norbornene in the presence of AlCl3. Compounds 1−3 and the pyrrole were characterized by X-ray diffraction.
Low-Stress CMOS-Compatible Silicon Carbide Surface-Micromachining Technology—Part I: Process Development and Characterization (2011)

A low-temperature (<; 300 °C) low-stress microelectromechanical systems fabrication process based on a silicon carbide structural layer is presented. A partially conductive sintered target enables low-temperature dc sputtering of amorphous silicon carbide (SiC) at high deposition rates (75 nm/min). The low stress of the structural film allows for mechanically reliable structures to be fabricated, while the low-temperature deposition allows for pre-SiC metallization. The process is designed for low-cost film deposition and for complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor postintegration, stemming from chemical and thermal compatibility. Process flow, deposition, etching, and stress control are discussed, and a detailed process characterization is reported.
Dehydroleucodin: a guaiane-type sesquiterpene lactone (2011)

Dehydro-leucodin [systematic name: (1S,6S,2R)-9,13-dimeth-yl-5-methyl-ene-3-oxatricyclo-[8.3.0.0(2,6)]trideca-9,12-diene-4,11-dione], C(15)H(16)O(3), is a guanolide isolated from Artemisia douglasiana. The fused-ring system contains a seven-membered ring that adopts a chair conformation, a fused planar cyclo-pentenone ring and a five-membered lactone ring fused in envelope conformation. The absolute structure determined by X-ray analysis agrees with that previously assigned to this compound by NMR studies [Bohlmann & Zdero (1972 ▶). Tetra-hedron Lett.13, 621-624] and also with that of leucodine, a closely related guaianolide [Martinez et al. (1988 ▶). J. Nat. Prod.51, 221-228].
Bildanalytische Formanalyse und Klassifizierung der irregulären Graphitmorphologie in Gusseisen (2006)

Kurzfassung Die Unterscheidung der verschiedenen Graphitmorphologien in Gusseisen erfolgte bisher im Wesentlichen qualitativ durch subjektiven Vergleich mit Richtreihenbildern. In Hochleistungsanwendungen im Motorenbau werden nunmehr objektive quantitative Messungen der jeweiligen Graphitanteile benötigt, damit die mechanischen Eigenschaften reproduzierbar erreicht werden können. Vorgestellt werden bildanalytische Untersuchungen zur automatischen Klassifizierung von Lamellen-, Vermikular- und Kugelgraphitformen, sowie Graphitformen in Temperguss. Dabei wurden insbesondere teilchenbasierte Messmethoden angewendet. Unterschiedliche Formparameter wurden in dieser Arbeit zusammengefasst, und ihre Relevanz für die Charakterisierung und Klassifizierung irregulärer, komplexer Graphitteilchen in Gusseisen wurde bestimmt. Es zeigte sich, dass die Kombination der Formparameter Rundheit und Kompaktheit die präziseste Klassifizierung liefert. Ein Klassifizierungsalgorithmus wurde mit Berücksichtigung der Abhängigkeit der Formparameter von der Teilchengröße entwickelt. Die traditionelle subjektive Analyse der Gusseisengefüge anhand EN ISO 945 kann durch die Anwendung der neu vorgeschlagenen Methode mit einer automatischen reproduzierbaren Graphitformcharakterisierung und Klassifizierung deutlich verbessert werden.
Crystalline state of cellulose in fresh and dried mature cotton fiber from unopened bolls as studied by x‐ray diffraction (1965)

Abstract The crystallinity of cellulose in the undried cotton fiber, fresh from the unopened but mature boll, was studied by x‐ray diffractometer methods and compared with the crystallinity of portions of fibers from the same samples either dried directly or from which the water has been removed in various “indirect” ways calculated to better preserve the original structure including: (a) Solvent exchange, (b) freeze‐drying, (c) drying above the critical temperature of liquids and (d) drying after the cellulose of the wet fiber has been crosslinked. The difference in crystallinity observed between directly and indirectly dried fibers indicates that a crystallization process must take place during the direct drying of the water‐wet fiber. This crystallization process is promoted by the presence of water and inhibited or prevented when the fiber is dried indirectly. An increase of the degree of crystallinity due to wetting can be explained by assuming that the crystallization, which had been suppressed in the indirectly dried fiber takes place subsequently upon drying of the rewetted fiber. That the indirect methods preserve entirely or partially, such amorphous structure as is originally present is confirmed by the lower density and higher dyestuff accessibility of such fibers.
High Content Analysis of Macrophage-Targeting EhPIb-Compounds against Cutaneous and Visceral Leishmania Species (2021)

An immunostimulatory glycolipid molecule from the intestinal protozoan parasite <i>Entamoeba histolytica</i> (<i>Eh</i>) and its synthetic analogs derived from its phosphatidylinositol-b-anchor (<i>Eh</i>PIb) previously showed considerable immunotherapeutic effects against <i>Leishmania major</i> infection in vitro and in vivo. Here, we describe a high content screening assay, based on primary murine macrophages. Parasites detection is based on a 90 kDA heat shock protein-specific staining, enabling the detection of several <i>Leishmania</i> species. We validated the assay using <i>L. major</i>, <i>L. braziliensis</i>, <i>L. donovani,</i> and <i>L. infantum</i> as well as investigated the anti-leishmanial activity of six immunostimulatory <i>Eh</i>PIb-compounds (Eh-1 to Eh-6). Macrophages infected with dermotropic species were more sensitive towards treatment with the compounds as their viability showed a stronger reduction compared to macrophages infected with viscerotropic species. Most compounds caused a significant reduction of the infection rates and the parasite burdens depending on the infecting species. Only compound Eh-6 was found to have activity against all <i>Leishmania</i> species. Considering the challenges in anti-leishmanial drug discovery, we developed a multi-species screening assay capable of utilizing non-recombinant parasite strains, and demonstrated its usefulness by screening macrophage-targeting <i>Eh</i>PIb-compounds showing their potential for the treatment of cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis.
<title>Operational performance of the EVLA digital transmission system</title> (2002)

The Expanded Very Large Array (ELVA) uses fiber optic technologies for the Digital Data Transmission, the Local Oscillator and Reference distribution, and all Monitor/Control functions. These signals are sent on separate fibers to each of the twenty-seven EVLA antennas. The Data Transmission System (DTS) is used to transmit the four digitized IF signals from the antennas to the Central Electronics Building. A sustained data rate of 10.24 Gbits/s per channel and 122.88 Gbits formatted per antenna is supported. Each IF signal uses a parallel interface of three synchronized single bit high-speed serial optical fiber transmission channels. Each set of three channels, twelve channels in total, is wavelength division multiplexed onto a single fiber. The formatted data are received and de-formatted before the data are sent to the correlator. The system configuration includes a CW laser, an Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier, passive optical multiplexers, up to 22 km of standard single mode fiber and an APD optical receiver. This paper presents a complete description of the EVLA fiber system including specific component specifications. The calculated performance of the IF system is compared to the actual performance and resulting "Lesson Learned" are presented.
The gene for ornithine decarboxylase is co-amplified in hydroxyurea-resistant hamster cells. (1987)

We have constructed a cDNA library from the highly hydroxyurea-resistant hamster cell line 600H in which the activity of ribonucleotide reductase is elevated more than 80-fold. Using the technique of differential hybridization, we have isolated a number of cDNA clones from this library which are homologous to genomic DNA sequences amplified in the 600H cell line compared to the V79 parental line. One of these cDNA clones by sequence analysis was found to code for ornithine decarboxylase. This was confirmed by in vitro translation of poly(A+) RNA isolated by hybridization-selection followed by immunoprecipitation with antiserum specific for mouse ornithine decarboxylase. Genomic sequences homologous to the cDNA clone were shown to be sequentially amplified 6-20-fold in hamster cell lines selected stepwise for resistance to increasing concentrations of hydroxyurea. Genomic sequences homologous to a cDNA for the M2 subunit of ribonucleotide reductase were also amplified in these cell lines, and the degree of M2 sequence amplification corresponded to the degree of amplification of ornithine decarboxylase sequences, suggesting that the two genes had been co-amplified during the selection of the hydroxyurea-resistant phenotype.
c‐FLIP expression in colorectal carcinomas: association with Fas/FasL expression and prognostic implications (2007)

The frequent expression and coexpression of Fas, FasL and c-FLIP in colorectal carcinoma implicates c-FLIP as an inhibitor of the Fas-FasL-induced death pathway in these tumours. Moreover, c-FLIP conveys independent prognostic information in the presence of classical prognosticators.
Optimization Design of an Blended Wing Body Underwater Glider's Configuration (2018)

For the blended-wing-body underwater gliders, lift-to-drag ratio which is mainly determined by the profile foils is one of the most important performance parameters. In this paper, GUI functions based on MATLAB code are applied to form an optimization system. Parametric model of the foil are described by Class function/shape function transformation (CST) method. XFOIL, an open-source code is employed to compute the hydrodynamic performance of the profile foils. Genetic algorithm is used to finish the optimization of the foils which derived from the profiles of one original blended-wing-body underwater gliders. The optimization result showed that the lift-to-drag ratio of the profile foils rises up to 36%. By using the optimized foils, the new blended-wing-body underwater glider gets its improvements in maximum lift-to-drag ratio, range of attack angle with high lift-to-drag ratio and payload capacity.
Control of multi-soliton generation in fiber 8-figure laser by tunable spectral filtering (2021)

Generation of bounded solitons in the fiber mode-locked lasers attracted great deal of attention in recently [1] , [2] . The advances in the field may provide new optical sources for material processing and telecommunication. However, robust control of the number of bounded solitons and their temporal separation is still a major challenge.
The co-stimulatory activity of Tim-3 requires Akt and MAPK signaling and immune synapse recruitment (2019)

Abstract Expression of the transmembrane protein Tim-3 is increased on dysregulated T cells undergoing chronic T cell activation, including in chronic infection and solid tumors. We and others previously reported that Tim-3 exerts apparently paradoxical co-stimulatory activity in T cells (and other cells), including enhancement of ribosomal S6 protein phosphorylation (pS6). Here we examined the upstream signaling pathways that control Tim3-mediated increases in pS6 in T cells. We have also defined the localization of Tim-3 relative to the T cell immune synapse and impacts on downstream signaling. Recruitment of Tim-3 to the immune synapse was mediated exclusively by the transmembrane domain, replacement of which impaired Tim-3 co-stimulation of pS6. Strikingly, enforced localization of the Tim-3 cytoplasmic domain to the immune synapse in the context of a chimeric antigen receptor still allowed for robust T cell activation. Our findings are consistent with a model whereby Tim-3 enhances TCR-proximal signaling under acute conditions. One Sentence Summary Here we define elements of signaling and localization associated with Tim-3 co-stimulatory function in T cells.
Současný svět v úvahách W. W. Rostowa (1967)

W. W. Rostow, The Stages of Economic Growth, A Non-Communist Manifesto, The University Press, Cambridge 1960, 178 s.W. W. Rostow, View from the Seventh Floor, Harper & Row, New York 1964, 178 s.W. W. Rostow, The Great Transition: Tasks of the First and Second Postwar Generations, Lecture at the University of Leeds, the Department of State Bulletin, Vol. LVI, No. 1448, 1967 (27. březen), str. 491-504.
RF design of acoustic-wave-lumped-element-resonator-(AWLR)-based bandpass filters with constant in-band group delay (2017)

This papers reports on the design of a new class of acoustic-wave-resonator-(AWR)-based bandpass filters (BPFs). Unlike conventional ladder- and lattice-type AWR architectures, it allows the realization of passbands with constant group delay (T <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g</inf> ) and larger bandwidth (BW). The devised configuration makes use of N identical hybrid acoustic-wave lumped-element resonators (AWLRs) — each of them contributing to one pole and two transmission zeros (TZs) — and N+1 lumped-element impedance inverters. As an added benefit, it exhibits power transmission response whose maximum realizable BW and T <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g</inf> flatness does not depend on the electromechanical coupling coefficient (kt <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) of its constituent AWRs. For experimental-demonstration purposes, a UHF-band three-pole/six-TZ BPF prototype with in-band linear phase was designed, manufactured, and measured using commercially-available surface-acoustic-wave (SAW) resonators. Its measured characteristics are summarized as: BW of 0.3 MHz, insertion- and return-loss of 2.1 dB and 32 dB, respectively, effective quality factor Qeff of 9,000, and in-band T <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g</inf> between 1.78 ± 0.02 ps.
Resonance Raman spectroscopy(n,m)-dependent effects in small-diameter single-wall carbon nanotubes (2005)

This paper presents an accurate analysis of (i) the electronic transition energies ${E}_{22}^{S}$ and ${E}_{11}^{M}$, (ii) the radial breathing mode (RBM) frequencies ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{\mathrm{RBM}}$, and (iii) the corresponding RBM intensities from 40 small-diameter single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in the diameter range $0.7&lt;{d}_{t}&lt;1.3\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$. The electronic transition energies $({E}_{ii})$ are initially considered from nonorthogonal tight-binding total-energy calculations. To account for ${d}_{t}$-dependent many-body effects, a logarithmic correction, as proposed by Kane and Mele, is applied to both ${E}_{22}^{S}$ and ${E}_{11}^{M}$. The remaining discrepancies between the experimental and theoretical ${E}_{ii}$ values are shown to be proportional to the chirality-dependent effective masses of electrons and holes, as obtained from the electron energy dispersion relations. Chirality dependent screening effects are also identified in metallic SWNTs. For the RBM frequencies, a small deviation from the linear $1∕{d}_{t}$ behavior is observed, and this deviation is analyzed based on a chirality-dependent mode softening effect due to nanotube curvature. For those interested in sample characterization, the $(n,m)$ dependence of the resonance intensities is also addressed, the experimental results being compared with theoretical predictions based on matrix elements calculations. This analysis suggests that the (7,5), (7,6), and (6,5) SWNTs are more abundant in sodium dodecyl sulfate wrapped HiPco SWNTs in aqueous solution, in agreement with results previously reported for SWNTs grown by the CoMoCAT or alcohol methods.
Abstract 5020: Therapeutic potential of an immune modulatory CCL22-based vaccine (2019)

Abstract CCL22 is a macrophage-derived chemokine that exerts immunosuppressive functions by the recruitment of regulatory T cells (Tregs) through the CCL22/CCR4 axis. It is expressed by cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) in many different cancer tissues including breast, lung, and pancreatic cancer and is thought to promote the suppression of anti-cancer immunity. Recently, we described that CCL22-specific T-cells from cancer patients can kill CCL22-expressing tumor cells, and activation of CCL22-specific T cells may directly influence the CCL22 concentration in the TME, suggesting that CCL22 may be an interesting target for an immune modulatory vaccine. Thus, in the present study we have targeted CCL22-expressing cells by activation of CCL22-specific effector T cells by peptide vaccination in tumor models. We present here that CCL22-targeting peptide vaccination leads to expansion of predominantly CD8+, IFNγ-secreting CCL22-specific T cells in both BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. Furthermore, CCL22 vaccination results in delayed tumor growth and enhanced survival in tumor harboring hosts in CT26 and Pan02 models. Preliminary assessment of gene expression in the tumors reveals that CCL22 vaccination leads to a reduction of CCL22 expression, alongside other immune suppressive molecules, such as IDO1 in the TME. Characterization of vaccine-mediated changes of cellular composition of the TME is currently ongoing. In conclusion, our findings provide a rationale for a novel cancer immunotherapy to target the immune suppressive TME. Citation Format: Inés Lecoq, Katharina L. Kopp, Rikke Christensen, Ayako W. Pedersen, Evelina Martinenaite, Mai-Britt Zocca, Mads H. Andersen. Therapeutic potential of an immune modulatory CCL22-based vaccine [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5020.
OPTIMAL DESIGN OF GUIDANCE ALGORITHM FOR THE RECONFIGURATION PHASE OF THE SATELLITE CONSTELLATION (2016)

ARTICLE INFORMATION ABSTRACT Original Research Paper Received 02 November 2015 Accepted 22 December 2015 Available Online 26 January 2016 A novel approach is presented for the reconfiguration of satellite constellations based on Lambert’s theorem. The reconfiguration problem in this article, is considered with the constraint of overall fuel cost minimization. Hence, orbital maneuvers required for the operation of reconfiguration are designed in such a way that, transferring globally the satellites to the desired configuration of constellation will be possible at minimal cost. Also, the introduced method of orbital transfer for implementing the reconfiguration phase of satellite constellation has no limitation on the shape and orientation of initial and target orbits such as: co-planarity, coaxiality, circularity and/or the existence of a common point. Moreover, a method is offered for modeling the cost function of reconfiguration problem in which the two important tasks of optimal orbital transfer of satellites to the target configuration of constellation and optimal assignment of each satellite to a specific terminal position or final orbit will be done in one single step. For this purpose and in order to achieve globally optimal solution of the reconfiguration problem of constellation the hybrid PSO/GA is used. Finally, two different scenarios of reconfiguration of satellite constellation will be modeled once by the presented approach and once by considering determined positions of flight and deployment for the satellites. The obtained results indicate the superiority of the idea presented in this article.
Functional characterization of a heavy metal binding protein CdI19 from Arabidopsis (2002)

Heavy metals are potentially highly toxic for organisms. Plants possess the ability to minimize damage but the underlying molecular mechanisms have yet to be detailed. Screening Cd-responsive genes in Arabidopsis, we previously identified a gene encoding a putative metal binding protein CdI19, which, upon introduction into yeast cells, conferred marked toleration of Cd exposure. Here we describe that bacterially expressed CdI19 directly interacts with Cd at its CXXC motif, as revealed by circular dichroism analysis, and that it is exclusively localized at plasma membranes, as revealed by heterologous expression of fusion product with a green fluorescent protein in BY2 cells. Northern blot analyses indicated that CdI19 transcripts were induced not only by Cd, but also by dicationic forms of Hg, Fe and Cu. Histochemical assays using transgenic Arabidopsis expressing the CdI19 promoter::GUS showed CdI19 to be expressed in petiole, hypocotyl, peduncle and vascular bundles in root tissues. Overexpression of the CdI19 cDNA conferred Cd tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis. These results suggest that CdI19 plays an important role in the maintenance of heavy metal homeostasis and/or in detoxification by endowing plasma membranes with the capacity to serve as an initial barrier against inflow of free heavy metal ions into cells.