gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Third International Symposium on Atomic Technology (2009)

The International Symposium on Atomic Technology (ISAT) is held every year. The Third Symposium (ISAT-3) was held on 5–6 March 2009 at the Tokyo International Exchange Center, Tokyo, Japan jointed with the Third Polyscale Technology Workshop (PTW-3). The ISAT-3 symposium was intended to offer a forum for the discussion of the latest progress in atomic technologies, which was successively held after ISAT-1 at Tsukuba and ISAT-2 at Awaji in 2007. The symposium was attended by 136 participants. There were 12 invited and 4 oral presentations. The number of poster presentations was 101. From all the contributions, 32 papers selected through review process are contained in this volume. The 'Atomic Technology Project' and the 'Polyscale Technology Project' were started in 2006 as the joint project of three institutions; (1) Center for Atomic and Molecular Technologies, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University (CAMT), (2) Tsukuba Research Center for Interdisciplinary Materials Science, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba (TIMS) and (3) Polyscale Technology Research Center, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science (PTRC), each of which were independently pursuing atomic and polyscale technologies. The project is funded by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan. The goal of these projects is to contribute to the development of atomic and polyscale science and technologies. In this symposium, four research fields were focused on: Biomedical Applications, Fabrication for Advanced Materials and Devices, Magnetic Applications, and Quantum and Molecular Engineering for Advanced Technologies. Atsuo Yasumori Conference Chair Polyscale Technology Research Center, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.
Effect of combining rosiglitazone with either metformin or insulin on β-cell mass and function in an animal model of Type 2 diabetes characterized by reduced β-cell mass at birth (2010)

The results of the present study suggest that the addition of metformin to rosiglitazone improves the metabolic profile through an effect on insulin resistance and not β-cell mass.
Impact of the Dual Deletion of the Mitochondrial Sirtuins SIRT3 and SIRT5 on Anti-microbial Host Defenses (2019)

The sirtuins SIRT3 and SIRT5 are the main mitochondrial lysine deacetylase and desuccinylase, respectively. SIRT3 and SIRT5 regulate metabolism and redox homeostasis and have been involved in age-associated metabolic, neurologic and oncologic diseases. We have previously shown that single deficiency in either SIRT3 or SIRT5 had no impact on host defenses in a large panel of preclinical models of sepsis. However, SIRT3 and SIRT5 may compensate each other considering that they share subcellular location and targets. Here, we generated a SIRT3/5 double knockout mouse line. SIRT3/5 deficient mice multiplied and developed without abnormalities. Hematopoiesis and immune cell development were largely unaffected in SIRT3/5 deficient mice. Whole blood, macrophages and neutrophils from SIRT3/5 deficient mice displayed enhanced inflammatory and bactericidal responses. In agreement, SIRT3/5 deficient mice showed somewhat improved resistance to <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> infection. Overall, the double deficiency in SIRT3 and SIRT5 has rather subtle impacts on immune cell development and anti-microbial host defenses unseen in single deficient mice, indicating a certain degree of overlap between SIRT3 and SIRT5. These data support the assumption that therapies directed against mitochondrial sirtuins, at least SIRT3 and SIRT5, should not impair antibacterial host defenses.
Plasma membrane-associated proteins are clustered into islands attached to the cytoskeleton (2006)

Although much evidence suggests that the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells is not homogenous, the precise architecture of this important structure has not been clear. Here we use transmission electron microscopy of plasma membrane sheets and specific probes to show that most or all plasma membrane-associated proteins are clustered in cholesterol-enriched domains ("islands") that are separated by "protein-free" and cholesterol-low membrane. These islands are further divided into subregions, as shown by the localization of "raft" and "non-raft" markers to specific areas. Abundant actin staining and inhibitor studies show that these structures are connected to the cytoskeleton and at least partially depend on it for their formation and/or maintenance.
Damage evolution assessment and modeling for CBN grinding wheel wear (2014)

The wear rate of a grinding wheel directly affects the workpiece surface integrity and tolerances. This paper summarizes a combined experimental-modeling framework for life expectancy of an electroplated Cubic Boron Nitride (CBN) grinding wheel, typically utilized in nickel-based superalloy grinding. The article presents an experimental framework to facilitate the formulation of a micromechanics based modeling framework. The presented study investigates the topological evolution of the grinding wheel surface and mechanisms of grit failure via depth profiling, digital microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The results are used to elucidate the statistical evolution of the grinding wheel surface. Different modes of grit failure, including grit attritious wear, fracture, and pull out haven been identified. The analysis of the surface topological features indicates a unique grit activation process, leading to a nonuniform spatial distribution of the grit wear. In addition, single grit pull out experiment has been conducted to assess the residual strength of the grit–wheel interface and the associated state of damage percolation. The experimental results are utilized in developing a life expectancy model for the CBN grinding wheel to assess the grit mean time to failure as well as grit surface topological evolution as a function of the process parameters.
Role of bathocuproine as hole‐blocking and electron‐transporting layer in organic light emitting devices (2010)

Abstract In this paper we present our results concerning the role of 2,9‐Dimethyl‐4,7‐diphenyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline (bathocuproine, BCP) in OLED structures with emissive layer of Tris‐(8‐hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq 3 ). It is established that instead of the higher working voltage of devices with bathocuproine their current efficiency significantly increased. This higher efficiency indicates strong hole‐blocking nature of bathocuproine (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
(Invited) Key Contributions by Dr. H. Russel Kunz in the Fundamental Understanding of Carbonate Fuel Cells (2017)

Carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) has progressed since 1960s and matured to a single full-size commercial stack capable of producing 350kW net AC power and 5-year service life. Several research teams worldwide have advanced on the MCFC technology over the past five decades. Among those efforts, contributions by Dr. H. Russell Kunz clearly stand out both in terms of the breadth of areas addressed and the simplicity of the mathematical treatment. Dr. Kunz, at UTC/IFC until his retirement in 1992, made significant contributions on both fundamental understandings and practical solutions in terms of electrochemical performance, cathode stability and electrolyte management, all essential to MCFC stack performance and endurance. This review paper will summarize the fundamental challenges and current state of the MCFC technology and the important contributions by Dr. Kunz.
Evolution of a New Adjustable Motorcycle Test Rig for Measuring Motorcyclist Fatigue during Prolonged Riding (2021)

Studies concerning motorcycle have been an overwhelming area of research interest since the past few years. This trend of studies focuses on many issues relating to motorcycle including design, safety, accident preventions, fatalities statistics, ergonomics and many more. In performing these studies, researchers have used many methodologies, tools and also equipment in acquiring their data. In this study, the evolution of a new adjustable motorcycle test rig is introduced. Combination of computer aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis (FEA) software made it possible to design and simulates the test rig’s conceptual design before being fabricated. The test rig was designed to provide full adjustability for researchers to replicate established motorcyclist riding postures based on the Riding Posture Classification (RIPOC) system. The test rig setup also provides elements of environmental effects to give a more real riding experience and better fidelity to motorcyclist respondents during experiments. By having such test rig that is coupled with electronic data logger and telemetry devices, studies concerning riding postures and fatigue can be done in a much proper method and controlled experimental setup with better safety for both the respondents and researchers. Adjustable attributes provided on the test rig makes it a unique design of its own and is being patented to protect the author’s Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) on the test rig design.
6‐Hydroxy‐benzofuran‐3‐(2H)‐ones as Potential Anti‐Inflammatory Agents: Synthesis and Inhibitory Activity of LPS‐Stimulated ROS Production in RAW 264.7 Macrophage (2021)

6-Hydroxy-benzofuran-3-(2H)-ones exhibiting LPS stimulated ROS inhibition in RAW 264.7 macrophage Appendix S1: Supporting information Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
In Vitro Phase I Cytochrome P450 Metabolism, Permeability and Pharmacokinetics of SB639, a Novel Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor in Preclinical Species (2007)

In vitro liver microsomal stability, permeability, pharmacokinetics (PK) and oral bioavailability of SB639, a novel HDACi (Histone Deacetylase inhibitor), were determined. The in vitro metabolism was examined in mouse, rat, dog and human liver microsomes. The permeability and efflux potential of SB639 were determined using Caco-2 cell monolayers. To determine pharmacokinetics and oral bioavailability, blood samples were drawn at pre-determined intervals up to 24 h post-dose after single intravenous (i.v.) or oral (p.o.) administration of SB639 to mouse or rat. The concentrations of SB639 in plasma samples were determined by a validated LC-MS/MS method. In vitro liver microsomal stability data revealed that SB639 was stable in human and dog liver microsomes, unstable in mouse and rat liver microsomes. The Caco-2 data has shown that SB639 is highly permeable with an apparent permeability of 3.01.10(-6) cm/s at 10 microM. After oral administration, maximum concentrations of SB639 were achieved within 0.5 h of post dose. Following i.v. administration, the concentration of SB639 declined in a bi-exponential fashion with terminal elimination half-life of 1.67 h for mice and 1.12 h for rats. The systemic clearance and volume of distribution of SB639 in mice were 15.8 l/h/kg and 38 l/kg, respectively, while the respective values in rats were 3.84 l/h/kg and 3.67 l/kg. Elimination half-life in rats ranged between 1.12-2.26 h. Absolute oral bioavailability of SB639 in mouse and rat was 13% and 10%, respectively. In conclusion, the superior potency, physicochemical and PK properties of SB639 compared to the recently FDA approved drug Zolinza (Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid or Vorinostat) in the preclinical setting makes it a potential clinical candidate.
A Sparse Object Category Model for Efficient Learning and Exhaustive Recognition (2005)

We present a "parts and structure" model for object category recognition that can be learnt efficiently and in a semi-supervised manner: the model is learnt from example images containing category instances, without requiring segmentation from background clutter. The model is a sparse representation of the object, and consists of a star topology configuration of parts modeling the output of a variety of feature detectors. The optimal choice of feature types (whose repertoire includes interest points, curves and regions) is made automatically. In recognition, the model may be applied efficiently in an exhaustive manner, bypassing the need for feature detectors, to give the globally optimal match within a query image. The approach is demonstrated on a wide variety of categories, and delivers both successful classification and localization of the object within the image.
Abstract 1511: mda-7/IL-24 potently induces apoptosis in human leukemia cells through a process involving induction of ER stress (2010)

Abstract mda-7/IL-24, a member of the IL-10 cytokine gene family, has been shown to induce cell death in various epithelial cancer cell types while exhibiting relatively little toxicity toward normal cells. Currently, the effects of mda7/IL-24 on myeloid leukemia cells (AML) have not been extensively characterized. In the present study, we report that treatment with recombinant GST-mda7/IL24 strikingly induces apoptosis in diverse myeloid leukemia cell lines including U937, MV4-11, EOL-1 (both FLT3 mutant), and MLL/ENL cells, which display certain leukemia stem cell-like properties. In addition, mda7/IL24 potently induces apoptosis in and suppresses the colony formation capacity (L-CFU) of primary blasts isolated from multiple patients with AML. In contrast, mda-7/IL-24 exerted only minimal effects on normal CD34+ progenitor cells. These effects were associated with profound mitochondrial injury manifested by cytochrome c and AIF release into the cytosol, caspase-3 activation, and PARP cleavage. The apoptotic effects of mda7/IL24 were associated with a potent induction of ER stress in leukemia cell lines as well as in primary AML blasts, manifested by accumulation of GADD153/CHOP, GADD34, GRP78, and IRE1α. Notably molecular studies with shRNA directed against IRE1α revealed that knockdown of IRE1α significantly enhanced mda7/IL24-mediated apoptosis in U937 cells, suggesting that induction of IRE1α plays a protective role against mda7/IL24 lethality. In addition treatment with mda7/IL24 resulted in down-regulation of the anti-apoptotic protein Mcl-1, and marked accumulation of the pro-apoptotic proteins Bim and Noxa. Notably, ectopic expression of Mcl-1 or knock-down of Bim or Noxa with shRNA markedly decreased mda7/IL24-mediated cell death in leukemia cells. Collectively, these findings indicate that mda7/IL24 strikingly induces apoptosis in human myeloid leukemia through a process that involves ER stress induction, Mcl-1 downregulation, and Bim and Noxa upregulation. They also suggest that mda7/IL24 warrants attention as a potential addition to the therapeutic armamentarium in leukemia and possibly other hematologic malignancies. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1511.
New Trends in Development of Antimycobacterial Compounds (2006)

The resurgence of tuberculosis and the surge of multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis have reaffirmed tuberculosis as a primary public health concern. In this review we describe some new findings on the pharmacological status of fluoroquinolones derivatives (Gatifloxacin, Moxifloxacin and Sitafloxacin), new macrolides (Clarithromycin, Azithromycin and Roxithromycin), new rifamycin derivatives (Rifapentin, Rifabutin and Rifalazil) and new oxazolidinones (Linezolid and PNU 100480). We describe also other type of agents that are being developed as antimycobacterial drugs. Some of these are under clinical investigation, while others are considered to be promising candidates for future development. Among them, nitroimidazopyrans, new ketolides, Isoxyl (ISO), pyrroles derived from BM 212, Mefloquine and Diarylquinoline R207910 are discussed. We also describe the mechanism of drug resistance in mycobacteria, as well as new potential targets.
Transport properties of Bi-doped FeSe superconductor up to 700 K (2014)

Polycrystalline samples of Fe1-xBixSe with x = 0.00, 0.02, 0.05, and 0.08 are prepared by conventional solid state reaction. The resistivity and thermopower are measured up to 700 K. The onset superconducting transition temperature decreases slightly with increasing Bi content. Transport behavior of electrical resistivity in the normal state is quite complex. A linear temperature dependence is found between 20 and 100 K. Above 150 K, the electrical resistivity behavior resembles misfit-layered cobalt oxides Ca3Co4O9+δ; a Fermi-liquid behavior of T2 dependence is observed between 150 and 210 K with the Fermi-liquid transport coefficient A having the size between 4.3 × 10−6 and 10 × 10−6 mΩ-cm/K2, followed by an incoherent metal and a high-temperature nonmetal-like behavior. Thermopower behavior is nonconventional. Sign crossover of thermopower occurs both below and above room temperature. According to the dynamical mean field calculations, the negative dip feature of thermopower between 110 and 130 K seems to be associated with excitations of a pseudogap ground state.
A phase I study of neoadjuvant paclitaxel/radiation in patients with potentially resectable adenocarcinoma of the pancreas (2007)

15067 Background: To determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) of weekly paclitaxel when given with concurrent radiation in the neoadjuvant setting to patients with potentially resectable adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. A secondary goal was to assess the value of 18-fluoro-deoxy-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) as an early marker of therapeutic response. Methods: Patients received weekly paclitaxel, given as a 3-hour infusion, during the course of radiation. The starting dose of paclitaxel was 30 mg/m 2 /week. Doses were escalated in increments of 15 mg/m 2 in successive cohorts of 3–6 patients. Radiation therapy consisted of 45Gy in 25 fractions over 5 weeks. CT and PET scans were obtained prior to initiating treatment and one month following completion of chemoradiation. Results: Nine patients with resectable pancreatic cancer were enrolled through two dose levels. DLT was defined as grade 3 or greater. There were no DLTs at the first dose level of 30 mg/m 2 / week. DLTs consisted of nausea, neutropenia and hepatic toxicity developed at the second dose level of 45 mg/m 2 / week. Pre-treatment PET scans revealed uptake in all nine of the patients whereas pre-treatment CT scans detected disease in only 5 of 9 patients. Post-treatment PET scans correlated with pathologic findings in all 9 patients. Conclusions: The MTD for concurrent paclitaxel/radiation in the neoadjuvant setting was determined to be 30 mg/m 2 /week. DLTs were nausea, neutropenia and hepatic toxicity. FDG-PET may be superior to CT scans as a radiographic marker of treatment response. [Table: see text]
APL-1, a Caenorhabditis elegans protein related to the human β-amyloid precursor protein, is essential for viability (2007)

Dominant mutations in the amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene are associated with rare cases of familial Alzheimer's disease; however, the normal functions of APP and related proteins remain unclear. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has a single APP-related gene, apl-1, that is expressed in multiple tissues. Loss of apl-1 disrupts several developmental processes, including molting and morphogenesis, and results in larval lethality. The apl-1 lethality can be rescued by neuronal expression of the extracellular domain of APL-1. These data highlight the importance of the extracellular domain of an APP family member and suggest that APL-1 acts noncell-autonomously during development. Overexpression of APL-1 also causes several defects, including a high level of larval lethality. Decreased activity of sel-12, a C. elegans homologue of the human gamma-secretase component presenilin 1, partially rescues the lethality associated with APL-1 overexpression, suggesting that SEL-12 activity regulates APL-1 activity either directly or indirectly.
Probing Biological Samples with Near-Field Optics (2000)

Abstract Near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) is an emerging optical technique capable of probing samples at the nanometric level. With the NSOM technique, high spatial resolution is achieved by scanning a small light source (or collector) close to a sample surface. The light source is usually formed with special fiber optic probes that funnel light down to an aperture that is smaller than the optical wavelength. By positioning the aperture close to a sample, the emerging radiation is forced to interact with the sample before diffracting out. Therefore, the spatial resolution in NSOM is only limited by the size of the aperture and its proximity to the sample, and not the wavelength of the light as in conventional optical microscopy. Recently, we have been using the single molecule detection limits combined with the unique nature of the electric fields present near the NSOM tip aperture to probe molecular level structure in model lipid membranes.
Role of Autocatalytic Transformation in Zone Shape and Toughening of Ceria–Tetragonal‐Zirconia–Alumina (Ce‐TZP/Al 2 O 3 ) Composites (1991)

Stress–strain behaviors in three‐point bending, transformation zones in single‐edge‐notch‐bend specimens, and transformation toughening were studied in two types of Ce‐TZP/Al 2 O 3 composites. A commercial grade exhibited yield‐point behavior triggered by autocatalytic transformation and elongated zones. A new grade of Ce‐TZP/Al 2 O 3 composite showed monotonic stress–strain behavior and a zone shape close to theoretical prediction based on a shear–dilatation yield criterion. The effects of zone sizes and shapes on fracture toughness of the two ceramic composites are shown to be qualitatively consistent with the predictions of transformation‐zone shielding theories.
Engagement of complement receptor 2 on the surface of B cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus contributes to the increased responsiveness to antigen stimulation (2002)

B cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) display increased responses following cross-linking of the surface antigen receptor. We explored the possibility that the increased responses are at least partially due to simultaneous cross-linking of the complement receptor 2 (CR2). To this end, we stimulated fresh B cells from SLE patients with an anti-IgD antibody conjugated to the Epstein-Barr virus gp350 protein, which binds to CR2, and recorded the free intracytoplasmic calcium response during the first 10 min. Despite the fact that SLE B cells were found to express half as many surface CR2 as normal B cells, both peak responses and the percentage of responding cells were significantly increased in the former. These observations suggest that regulatory molecules such as CR2 are involved in the increased B cell responses in SLE patients. We propose that certain immune complexes that circulate in the sera of SLE patients that have anti-surface immunoglobulin specificities and are decorated with natural ligands of CR2, such as C3d, elicit and promote B cell overactivity.