gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract 1420: RRx-001 inhibits glucose erythrocyte and tumor glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (2014)

Abstract Cancer cells are characterized by an excess of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, which are balanced by high levels of glutathione (GSH) to protect against ROS-induced cytotoxicity. Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), the first key enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), ensures NADPH supply for reduced glutathione regeneration. RRx-001, a novel redox active anticancer agent, derived from the aerospace industry, which has successfully completed a Phase 1 clinical trial and is scheduled to begin multiple Phase 2 studies, induces cell cycle-specific apoptosis through increase in intracellular ROS leading to free thiol depletion. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate whether the mechanism by which RRx-001 targets the antioxidant capacity of tumor cells is related to G6PD inhibition. Since red blood cells (RBC) are particularly dependent on G6PD synthesis, we initially explored the effects of RRx-001 on the erythrocytic PPP. Glucose consumption was higher for human RBC (hRBC) treated with RRx-001 (10 μM) compared to untreated cells. PPP was inhibited in RRx-001 treated hRBC. Methylene blue, which normally stimulates PPP flux, did not increase glucose utilization of treated cells. Analysis of PPP flux revealed that RRx-001 inhibits G6PD preventing conversion of glucose-6-phosphate to 6-phosphogluconolactone and reduction of NADP(+). Compared to G6PD inhibitors dehydroepiandrosterone and aminonicotinamide, RRx-001 was 10 fold more potent. Given the critical importance of G6PD and NADPH to fuel both the proliferation of tumor cells and to detoxify ROS, we secondarily investigated whether RRx-001 has anti-proliferative and viability effects on hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep G2) and colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2 and HT-29) cell lines. Through tetrazolium and bromodeoxyuridine incorporation assays, performed as indicators of cellular proliferation, RRx-001 inhibited cell growth in a dose dependent (1 - 20 μM) manner. The suppression of growth of the RRx-001 incubated cells was correlated with inhibition of G6PD (r=0.81, n=9, P&amp;lt;0.05). RRx-001 also reduced viability of all carcinoma cell lines. Given the key roles of the PPP in GSH metabolism, and the observation that cell lines overexpressing G6PD are associated with the formation of tumors in mice, inhibition of G6PD by RRx-001 is an attractive target, particularly in combination with standard of care radiotherapy or cytotoxic drugs that also generate ROS or free radical intermediates either directly or indirectly. Citation Format: Pedro Cabrales, Bryan Oronsky, Jan Scicinski. RRx-001 inhibits glucose erythrocyte and tumor glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1420. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1420
Lupus-specific kidney deposits of HSP90 are associated with altered IgG idiotypic interactions of anti-HSP90 autoantibodies (2002)

Previous studies have shown that autoantibodies to heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) are elevated in a significant proportion of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who are more likely to have renal disease and a low C3 level. Using samples from 24 patients, we searched for glomerular deposits of HSP90 in renal biopsy specimens from seven patients with lupus nephritis and 17 cases of glomerulonephritis from patients without SLE. Positive glomerular immunofluorescent staining for HSP90 was observed in six of seven cases of SLE and positive tubular staining in two of seven SLE patients. The staining for HSP90 was granular in nature and was located in subepithelial, subendothelial and mesangial areas. None of the non-SLE renal biopsies revealed positive staining for HSP90 deposition. Further we showed the presence of anti-HSP90 IgG autoantibodies in IgG from sera of patients with SLE as well as in normal human IgG (IVIg). In normal IgG this autoreactivity could be adsorbed almost completely on F(ab')2 fragments from the same IgG preparation, coupled to Sepharose and could be inhibited by the effluent obtained after subjecting normal IgG to HSP90 affinity column. These findings indicate that anti-HSP90 natural autoantibodies are blocked by idiotypic interactions within the IgG repertoire. Unlike natural autoantibodies, anti-HSP90 IgG from SLE patients' sera were only moderately adsorbed on F(ab')2 fragments of normal IgG. These results demonstrate that immunopathogenesis of lupus nephritis is associated with HSP90 (as an autoantigen) and that the pathology is associated with altered idiotypic regulation of the anti-HSP90 IgG autoantibodies.
Introducing PALLA, a novel input device for leisure activities (2012)

In this paper we introduce PALLA, a spherical wireless input device with simple feedback capabilities to be used in video games and leisure activities. PALLA allows users to exploit their perceptual-motor skills and primarily targets people who may not be used to technologies, such as seniors.
Machine learning algorithms to classify spinal muscular atrophy subtypes (2012)

Combining EIM and QMU data categorizes individual SMA-affected muscles with very high accuracy. Further investigation of this approach for classifying and for following the progression of neuromuscular illness is warranted.
[Syndrome of giant deratoma of the feet (syndroma cornuum giganteum dedum)]. (1990)

The syndrome of giant keratoma of the feet with disseminated keratotic papules on the thighs and legs, lack of fusion of the posterior arch of the L5, S1 vertebrae, varus deformity of feet and (congenital?) deformity of metatarsal bones and skeletal atrophy of feet, supernumerary 6th fingers and toes, extreme gothic palate, scanned speech, and low oscillometric values on the legs was described in a 28-year-old man. Good results were achieved after electrocoagulative removal of the keratomas and systemic treatment with Tigason and high doses of vitamin E.
Optoelectronic Switches: An Optoelectronic Switch Based on Intrinsic Dual Schottky Diodes in Ambipolar MoSe2 Field‐Effect Transistors (Adv. Electron. Mater. 11/2015) (2015)

In article number 1500215, Nihar R. Pradhan, Luis Balicas, and co-workers demonstrate that the Schottky barriers between metallic interconnects and a van der Waals coupled semiconductor can lead to a light-induced, diode-like response with a sense of current rectification that can be controlled via a back gate voltage. This effect corresponds to a novel type of optoelectronic switch, with potential for technological applications. The image depicts the underlying process, including electron-hole pair generation, the modulation of the Schottky barrier, and control of the electrical current.
Lightweight Hardware Design of the Inverse Transform Module for 4K ASIC VVC Decoders (2021)

Versatile Video Coding (VVC) is the next generation video coding standard finalized in July 2020. VVC introduces new coding tools enhancing the coding efficiency compared to its predecessor High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC). These new tools have a significant impact on the VVC software decoder complexity estimated to 2 times HEVC decoder complexity. In particular, the transform module includes in VVC separable and non-separable transforms named Multiple Transform Selection (MTS) and Low Frequency Non-Separable Transform (LFNST) tools, respectively. In this paper, we present an area-efficient hardware architecture of the inverse transform module for a VVC decoder. The proposed design uses a total of 64 regular multipliers in a pipelined architecture targeting ASIC platforms. It consists in a multi-standard architecture that supports the transform modules of recent MPEG standards including AVC, HEVC and VVC. The architecture leverages all primary and secondary transforms optimisations including butterfly decomposition, coefficients zeroing and the inherent linear relationship between the transforms. The synthesized results show that the proposed method sustains a constant throughput of 1 sample per cycle and a constant latency for all block sizes. The proposed hardware inverse transform module operates at 600 MHz frequency enabling to decode in real-time 4K video at 30 frames per second in 4:2:2 chroma sub-sampling format. The proposed module is integrated in an ASIC UHD decoder targeting energy-aware decoding of VVC videos on consumer devices.
Cellular Inhibition of Microtubule Assembly by Photoactivated Sulphonated Meso-tetraphenylporphines (1990)

This work relates to studies on modes of phototoxicity by sulphonated mesotetraphenylporphines on cultured cells. Toxicity appears to be related to inhibition of microtubule function. Treatment of human cervix carcinoma cells of the line NHIK 3025 incubated for 18 h with meso-tetraphenylporphine sulphonates (TPPSn where n = 2a, 2o or 4) and exposed to light, inhibits multiplication for the first hours after light exposure, a significant fraction of the cells accumulating in mitosis. The maximal number of cells in mitosis after treatment (approximately 20%) is dependent on the fluence but is similar for all three photosensitizers. For the first hours after treatment the mitotic cells were always mainly in metaphase; mainly seen as c-metaphases and three-group metaphases. During this time anaphase and telophase cells were absent or greatly reduced in number. Indirect immunofluorescence staining of beta-tubulin showed that the spindle apparatus of mitotic cells was perturbed in all cases. Results are presented which indicate that photoactivation of TPPSn located on the plasma membrane destroys microtubules in interphase cells and leads to arrest of the cells in mitosis. The localization of the dye which sensitizes the photoinduced perturbation of microtubules is further discussed.
Enzymatic Assay for Methotrexate in Erythrocytes (1985)

Methotrexate (MTX) accumulates in erythrocytes in MTX-treated patients. We present a modified enzymatic assay measuring MTX concentrations between 10 and 60 nmol/l in erythrocytes, adapted for a centrifugal analyser (Cobas Bio). About 40 patient's samples could be analysed within 1 h. The detection limit was 3 nmol/l. Within run and between-run precision was 7.4% and 13.5% for control 10 nmol/l and 1.2% and 3.2% for control 50 nmol/l. Recovery was 85-115% of MTX added to haemolysed erythrocytes. We found the method useful for pharmacokinetic studies of MTX in erythrocytes in MTX-treated patients.
Increasing trap stiffness with position clamping in holographic optical tweezers (2009)

We present a holographic optical tweezers system capable of position clamping multiple particles. Moving an optical trap in response to the trapped object's motion is a powerful technique for optical control and force measurement. We have now realised this experimentally using a Boulder Nonlinear Systems Spatial Light Modulator (SLM) with a refresh rate of 203Hz. We obtain a reduction of 44% in the variance of the bead's position, corresponding to an increase in effective trap stiffness of 77%. This reduction relies on the generation of holograms at high speed. We present software capable of calculating holograms in under 1ms using a graphics processor unit.
Simulated Bilinear-Elastic Behavior in a SDOF Elastic Structure Using Negative Stiffness Device: Experimental and Analytical Study (2013)

The acceleration and base shear of structures during strong ground motion can be attenuated by achieving bilinear-elastic behavior without any permanent displacement—also referred to as “apparent weakening.” The negative stiffness device (NSD), used in this study, exhibits nonlinear-elastic negative stiffness behavior; by adding NSD to the elastic structure, the resulting structure-device assembly behaves like a bilinear-elastic structure. Peak acceleration and base shear experienced by the structures can be reduced by adding the negative stiffness device, and the additional deformations caused by the reduced stiffness can be contained by adding a viscous damper. This paper presents the experimental study on a three-story fixed-base structure (3SFS), acting as a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system (because of bracing in the top two stories), that demonstrates the concept of apparent weakening in elastic structural systems. Two NSDs and a viscous damper are installed in the first story of 3SFS. To accentuate the advantages of incorporating NSD in structures, responses of four different systems—3SFS, 3SFS with damper, 3SFS with NSD, and 3SFS with NSD and damper—are compared for a suite of ground motions. The behavior of all the three systems is also predicted analytically, and the predicted results are in excellent agreement with the experiments. Shake-table tests on 3SFS have confirmed that by adding the NSD and damper, acceleration and base shear of the structure are reduced by more than 30% and the displacement of the structure is reduced by more than 20%.
Grating interferometry with a semiconductor light source (1997)

The properties of a fiber-optic-based grating interferometer with a laser diode as the light source are described. The influence of effects such as wavelength shift, line broadening, and mode hopping on the quality of an interference pattern is investigated both theoretically and experimentally. Introduction of carrier fringes in the interference pattern through the injection-current-induced modulation of a laser diode is shown. The requirements for temporal coherence properties of a light source in grating interferometry are given.
Effects of dietary protein level and zinc oxide supplementation on performance responses and gastrointestinal tract characteristics in weaner pigs challenged with an enterotoxigenic strain of Escherichia coli (2010)

The interactive effects of dietary protein level, zinc oxide (ZnO) supplementation and infection with an enterotoxigenic strain of Escherichia coli (ETEC) on performance responses and gastrointestinal tract characteristics were examined. Ninety-six individually housed, 21-day-old pigs (1 : 1 gender ratio) with initial bodyweight (BW) of 7.2 ± 0.69 kg, were used in a split plot experiment, with the whole plot being challenge or no challenge with ETEC and the dietary treatments used as subplots and arranged in a completely randomised 2 × 2 factorial design, with the factors being (i) two dietary protein levels (251 versus 192 g/kg crude protein) and (ii) addition or no addition of 2.5 g/kg ZnO. No antibiotic was added to the diet. The ETEC infection decreased average daily gain (P &amp;lt; 0.001) and increased feed conversion ratio (P &amp;lt; 0.01). Protein level had no effect on performance of pigs while ZnO supplementation increased (P &amp;lt; 0.001) average daily gain and average daily feed intake and hence decreased feed conversion ratio (P &amp;lt; 0.001). There were no 2- or 3-way interactions for growth performance indices (P &amp;gt; 0.05). Feeding a lower protein diet did not influence (P &amp;gt; 0.05) faecal volatile fatty acid concentrations. In non-infected pigs, feeding a lower protein diet caused a lower pH in the jejunum and ileum compared with pigs fed a higher protein diet (P &amp;lt; 0.05 and P &amp;lt; 0.01, respectively). However, feeding ZnO-supplemented diets increased (P &amp;lt; 0.05) the pH in the stomach and caecum compared with feeding diets without ZnO supplementation. Protein level did not alter (P &amp;gt; 0.05) empty BW but dietary supplementation with ZnO increased empty BW (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Neither protein level nor ZnO supplementation modified small intestinal morphology, although a tendency for an interaction (P &amp;lt; 0.1) was detected for jejunal villous height between protein level and ZnO supplementation. The results indicate that feeding ZnO-supplemented diets improved pig performance, and feeding a lower protein diet without ZnO supplementation did not compromise performance nor modify measures of gastrointestinal tract structure and function compared with pigs fed a diet higher in protein after weaning.
MORPHOLOGICAL FINDINGS IN RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA WITH EARLY DIFFUSE ROD DYSFUNCTION (1988)

The retina from the postmortem donor eye of a 64-year-old man with advanced autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (RP) was studied with light and electron microscopy. Two children of the donor were tested with two-color, dark-adapted static perimetry and found to have Type 1 or D-type RP, the psychophysical subtype with early onset of severe rod dysfunction diffusely affecting the entire retina. In the macula of the donor retina, rods and cones were clustered in irregularly shaped patches, in association with pigmented retinal pigmented epithelial cells. Only cones in the middle of these patches possessed outer segments, and these were poorly organized. Of the few photoreceptors remaining outside of the macula, those in the superior retina had well-formed terminals and appeared to be rods. Rods were also observed superior to the disk and in the temporal mid-periphery. The few photoreceptors remaining in the inferior retina were also rod-like, but had less well-formed terminals. The retinal pigmented epithelium was relatively normal near surviving photoreceptors, but was depigmented, had thinned, or was absent in regions of photoreceptor dropout. These findings represent the first reported morphology of the retina from an eye donor with known psychophysical subtype of RP.
Rapid generation of potent and tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes by interleukin 18 using dendritic cells and natural killer cells. (2000)

We hypothesized that antitumor-specific immunity, which is induced by interleukin (IL) 18 treatment in murine tumor models, is promoted by enhancing natural killer (NK)-mediated destruction of tumor and delivery to dendritic cells (DCs). These activated and antigen-pulsed DCs then critically and optimally induce an adoptive immune response, positioning IL-18 as an important bridge between the innate and adoptive immune response. The effect of IL-18 added to cultures of live tumor cells (MCA205, a mouse sarcoma cell line), NK cells, DCs, and T cells was assessed. When recombinant (r) mIL-18 protein was added to this culture, potent NK cytolytic activity with subsequent generation of CTLs was observed in a dose-dependent manner. Without introduction of either rmIL-18 or NK cells into this culture, systemic cytolytic activity was significantly decreased. Following the absence of direct contact of either NK cells or DCs with other cells in this cooperative coculture system using transwell, the systemic cytolytic activity of both NK cells and CTLs was greatly suppressed. The cytolysis mediated by effector cells harvested after completion of the culture was primarily restricted to MHC class I and highly specific for the tumor cells used in the coculture. Furthermore, we examined the efficiency in the induction of cytolytic T cells of other established IFN-gamma inducing T-cell growth factors, IL-2, and IL-12 in this culture system and compared them with that mediated by IL-18. Neither IL-2 nor IL-12 induced tumor-specific cytolytic T cells to the same degree as that mediated by IL-18. Efficacy of this system in induction of tumor-specific CTLs was also observed in the system using MC38 adenocarcinoma cells. These results are consistent with the notion that IL-18 induces tumor-specific immunity through enhancing NK activity, which in turn mediates tumor cell death and activates and primes DCs.
Second hit hypothesis in dystonia: Dysfunctional cross talk between neuroplasticity and environment? (2021)

One of the great mysteries in dystonia pathophysiology is the role of environmental factors in disease onset and development. Progress has been made in defining the genetic components of dystonic syndromes, still the mechanisms behind the discrepant relationship between dystonic genotype and phenotype remain largely unclear. Within this review, the preclinical and clinical evidence for environmental stressors as disease modifiers in dystonia pathogenesis are summarized and critically evaluated. The potential role of extragenetic factors is discussed in monogenic as well as adult-onset isolated dystonia. The available clinical evidence for a "second hit" is analyzed in light of the reduced penetrance of monogenic dystonic syndromes and put into context with evidence from animal and cellular models. The contradictory studies on adult-onset dystonia are discussed in detail and backed up by evidence from animal models. Taken together, there is clear evidence of a gene-environment interaction in dystonia, which should be considered in the continued quest to unravel dystonia pathophysiology.
Common systematic errors in sampling applications and their compensation (2005)

A sampling method for measurement of all relevant systematic sampling errors (parameters) of a device is presented. One can determine error of sampling frequency, integration interval inaccuracy and latency time. All sampling parameters can be determined with relative error less than 10/spl middot/10/sup -6/, except latency time whose absolute accuracy is about 50 ns. Also, the reader is directed how to neutralize effects caused by these sampling imperfections.
ChemInform Abstract: Common Building Motifs in Ba2Fe3 (PO4)4·2H2O, BaFe3(PO4)3 and Na3Fe3(PO4)4: Labile Fe2+/Fe3+ Ordering and Charge‐Dependent Magnetism. (2016)

Abstract The new mixed‐valent compounds Ba 2 Fe 3 (PO 4 ) 4 ·2H 2 O ((I), Fe 3+ /Fe 2+ = 2:1) and BaFe 3 (PO 4 ) 3 ((II), Fe 3+ /Fe 2+ = 1:2) are isolated from samples prepared by hydrothermal reaction of a 1:4 molar mixture of BaCO 3 and FeCl 2 in H 2 O, H 3 PO 4 (65%), and N 2 H 4 as reductant (autoclave, 493 K, 72 h).
Evaluation of the role of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 as a host factor in murine coronavirus discontinuous transcription and genome replication (2001)

Viruses with RNA genomes often capture and redirect host cell components to assist in mechanisms particular to RNA-dependent RNA synthesis. The nidoviruses are an order of positive-stranded RNA viruses, comprising coronaviruses and arteriviruses, that employ a unique strategy of discontinuous transcription, producing a series of subgenomic mRNAs linking a 5' leader to distal portions of the genome. For the prototype coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) A1 has been shown to be able to bind in vitro to the negative strand of the intergenic sequence, a cis-acting element found in the leader RNA and preceding each downstream ORF in the genome. hnRNP A1 thus has been proposed as a host factor in MHV transcription. To test this hypothesis genetically, we initially constructed MHV mutants with a very high-affinity hnRNP A1 binding site inserted in place of, or adjacent to, an intergenic sequence in the MHV genome. This inserted hnRNP A1 binding site was not able to functionally replace, or enhance transcription from, the intergenic sequence. This finding led us to test more directly the role of hnRNP A1 by analysis of MHV replication and RNA synthesis in a murine cell line that does not express this protein. The cellular absence of hnRNP A1 had no detectable effect on the production of infectious virus, the synthesis of genomic RNA, or the quantity or quality of subgenomic mRNAs. These results strongly suggest that hnRNP A1 is not a required host factor for MHV discontinuous transcription or genome replication.