gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A New Contact Probe for Intraoperative Laser Ablation (1996)

Several clinical factors decrease the accuracy of intraoperative laser ablation. The distance to the target, the irradiation angle, and the media are reported among these factors. We developed a new laser probe to resolve these problems. This probe has a hollow conical tube with a tip covered by a thin film. Zero-degree centigrade saline was fed into this probe. Results from using the new probe were compared with those from the conventional noncontact irradiation method with cooling by sprinkled cooling water. In beating canine hearts, ventricles were irradiated with neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) lasers at 50-200 J/mm2. There was no difference in the mean volume of irradiated tissue between the new and the noncontact method. However, the distribution of volume values in the new method was smaller than that in the noncontact method (P < 0.05). In conclusion, results obtained indicate that this new probe could perform more accurate intraoperative ablation than the conventional method. Problems of stabilizing the distance to the target, the irradiation angle, and the media were resolved.
Rapid, cost-effective DNA quantification via a visually-detectable aggregation of superparamagnetic silica-magnetite nanoparticles (2014)

DNA and silica-coated magnetic particles entangle and form visible aggregates under chaotropic conditions with a rotating magnetic field, in a manner that enables quantification of DNA by image analysis. As a means of exploring the mechanism of this DNA quantitation assay, nanoscale SiO2-coated Fe3O4 (Fe3O4@SiO2) particles are synthesized via a solvothermal method. Characterization of the particles defines them to be ∼200 nm in diameter with a large surface area (141.89 m2/g), possessing superparamagnetic properties and exhibiting high saturation magnetization (38 emu/g). The synthesized Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles are exploited in the DNA quantification assay and, as predicted, the nanoparticles provide better sensitivity than commercial microscale Dynabeads® for quantifying DNA, with a detection limit of 4 kilobase-pair fragments of human DNA. Their utility is proven using nanoparticle DNA quantification to guide efficient polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of short tandem repeat loci for human identification.
Drusen Ooze: A Novel Hypothesis in Geographic Atrophy (2017)

In soft drusen progressing to subsequent atrophy, approximately 33% were associated with isoreflective dots and RPE defects. In addition, overlying hyperreflectivity of the RPE and HRDs were noted with high frequency. Presence of isoreflective dots, with or without HRDs, was associated with a strong risk of developing atrophy compared with drusen without these findings. We hypothesize that these isoreflective dots associated with RPE defects may be debris extruded from the soft drusen into the subretinal space, which we have termed "drusen ooze". Drusen ooze may activate the RPE apical surfaces, leading to a marked increase in phagocytosis/endocytosis of extracellular debris that eventually overwhelms the RPE capacity, and leads to RPE death, subsequent release of intracellular RPE material and thereby propagate a cycle of cellular death resulting in GA development and progression. Therapeutic targeting of drusen material, prior to its extrusion into the subretinal space and prior to irreversible damage to the RPE, might prevent or delay onset and progression of GA.
Morphological variability of the potentially toxic dinoflagellate Dinophysis sacculus (Dinophyceae) and its taxonomic relationships with D. pavillardii and D. acuminata (1998)

The identity of Dinophysis sacculus Stein has proved to be problematic in recent years, during which this species has been associated with diarrhoetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) events along European coasts. To complement the scarce and at times contradictory existing information, we provide details of morphological variation in D. sacculus throughout its geographical range, which includes the Mediterranean Sea and European Atlantic coasts. Our data clarify its relationship with D. pavillardii Schröder. This species differs from D. sacculus only by the presence of a concavity along the dorsal margin, but transitional morphotypes are frequent in almost all the samples examined. We therefore propose merging the two species and classifying morphotypes with a dorsal concavity as D. sacculus f. reniformis (Pavillard) comb. nov. Despite the high variability of Dinophysis sacculus, it was generally possible to separate it from D. acuminata Claparède & Lachmann. The only character distinguishing the two species is the shape of the large hypothecal plates, which in D. sacculus are elongate, almost rectangular or sac-like, whereas in D. acuminata they are shorter, more convex dorsally and often more slender towards the antapex. Thecal areolation and sulcal list ornamentation are more pronounced in D. acuminata, although these characters are somewhat variable. Other thecal details, such as the shape of sulcal platelets and the structure of the apical pore area, were not useful for circumscription of the two taxa. In a few samples from the Galician Rias and from the Spanish Mediterranean coast, we observed morphotypes intermediate between D. sacculus and D. acuminata, which indicates that the two species can have slightly overlapping ranges of variability.
Monitoring of tricyclic antidepressant plasma levels and clinical response: a review of the literature. Part II (1989)

Summary Part II of this paper contains some general considerations on tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) monitoring. Long-term assessment of TCA plasma levels is advised by the few existent studies, although each of these focusses on different aspects. Cardiovascular and central nervous system toxicity is reviewed as well as pharmacokinetics and the importance of protein binding. Some consideration is also given to their use in elderly patients. The authors conclude that although available data support its usefulness in many situations, routine measurement of TCA levels is not warranted.
How misleading can sample ACFs of stable MAs be? (Very!) (1999)

For the stable moving average process $$X^t = \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} f(t + x)M(dx), t = 1, 2,\dots,$$ we find the weak limit of its sample autocorrelation function as the sample size n increases to $\infty$. It turns out that, as a rule, this limit is random! This shows how dangerous it is to rely on sample correlation as a model fitting tool in the heavy tailed case. We discuss for what functions f this limit is nonrandom for all (or only some--this can be the case, too!) lags.
Estimating ignition timing from engine cylinder pressure with neural networks (2003)

A study was conducted to determine the ability of neural networks to extract high level control information from cylinder pressure data. Various experiments were performed using neural networks for pattern recognition on a series of data files consisting of cylinder pressure versus crank angle. The goal of these experiments was to estimate spark timing based on the cylinder pressure signature-all other engine parameters were held constant during the data collection process. Test results indicate that an approximate spark time value can be obtained using cylinder pressure data as the inputs to a neural network and spark timing as the output.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
RHEOLOGICAL AND HYDRATION PROPERTIES OF POPPED RICE (1989)

The cold‐slurry viscosity, sediment volume and hydration power of popped rice, along with those of dry‐heat parboiled rice and expanded rice for comparison, were determined. Values of all these properties increased with increasing severity of processing treatment but decreased with starch reassociation. The cold slurries of these products showed time‐dependent thinning, indicating thixotropic nature. A yield value appeared beyond a certain minimum concentration. The viscosities of the products, their hydration power and sediment volume were all interrelated. The popped rice was well gelatinized with little or no starch reassociation.
Múltipla positividade do teste UniCAP ® - relato de caso Multiple positive UniCAP ® test - case report (2004)

Purpose: To report a female patient, 36 years old, presenting with chronic urticaria for two years. At the time of her first visit she presented with specific IgE (UniCAP ® ) positive for more than thirty allergens, some tested together, others not. Her total IgE was 117 kU/L. Methods: The patient was submitted to clinical evaluation and, after that, a prick test was performed with a panel of suspected allergens, including three inhalants, five foods and two insects. The authors present a literature review about causes for false-positive specific IgE tests, with special emphasis to cross-reactive car-bohydrate determinants ‐ CCDs. Results: Results from the prick test revealed only one positive reaction from the ten allergens tested, in contrast with the specific IgE “in vitro” test (UniCAP ® ). Conclusions: The discrepancies between the prick test and the “in vitro” test suggest the importance of antibodies against CCDs as a cause for false positive “in vitro” detection of specific IgE.
Glucose Concentration can be Predicted Ahead in Time From Continuous Glucose Monitoring Sensor Time-Series (2007)

A clinically important task in diabetes management is the prevention of hypo/hyperglycemic events. In this proof-of-concept paper, we assess the feasibility of approaching the problem with continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices. In particular, we study the possibility to predict ahead in time glucose levels by exploiting their recent history monitored every 3 min by a minimally invasive CGM system, the Glucoday, in 28 type 1 diabetic volunteers for 48 h. Simple prediction strategies, based on the description of past glucose data by either a first-order polynomial or a first-order autoregressive (AR) model, both with time-varying parameters determined by weighted least squares, are considered. Results demonstrate that, even by using these simple methods, glucose can be predicted ahead in time, e.g., with a prediction horizon of 30 min crossing of the hypoglycemic threshold can be predicted 20-25 min ahead in time, a sufficient margin to mitigate the event by sugar ingestion.
Active voltage balancing of DC-link electrolytic capacitors (2008)

DC voltage links of three-phase power converters are frequently equipped with a series connection of two electrolytic capacitors because of high voltage level. For such a configuration, usually resistors have to be arranged in parallel to each capacitor in order to balance the partial voltages. These balancing resistors, however, have to be dimensioned regarding the worst-case scenario of capacitor&apos;s leakage currents; such leakage can lead to high permanent dissipative losses that also appear in case of low actual leakage currents. To avoid these losses to a very large extent, a novel low-cost and robust active unit for replacing the passive balancing resistors is introduced. The paper describes the operating principle of the circuit, analyses the fundamental relationships relevant for the balancing characteristic and gives guidelines concerning component selection. Furthermore, simulation results as well as measurements taken from a laboratory prototype are presented.
Phase Ia study of the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) inhibitor navoximod (GDC-0919) in patients with recurrent advanced solid tumors (2018)

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02048709 .
Experimental Analysis and Analytical Modeling of Bridges With and Without Diaphragms (1998)

Two prestressed concrete (P/C) I-girder bridges along the coal haul route system of Southeastern Kentucky were constructed with a 50 degree skew angle. One of the bridges has concrete intermediate diaphragms, while the other bridge has no intermediate diaphragms. Bridges of similar design along coal haul routes have experienced unusual concrete spalling at the interface of the diaphragms and the bottom flange of the girders. The purpose of this report is to identify the cause of the damage, and to evaluate the effectiveness of intermediate diaphragms. Experimental static and dynamic field testing was conducted on both bridges. All field tests were completed prior to the opening of the bridges. Once the calibration of the finite element models was completed using the test data, analyses were conducted with actual coal haul truck traffic to investigate load distribution and the cause of the spalling at the diaphragm-girder interface. Based on the results obtained in this research study, a significant advantage in structural response is generally not noted due to the presence of intermediate diaphragms. Although large differences were noted percentage wise between the responses of the two bridges, analyses suggested the bridge without intermediate diaphragms will experience displacements and stresses well within AASHTO and ACI design requirements. Finite element analyses also revealed the cause of concrete spalling witnessed in the diaphragm-girder interface region. The tendency of the girders to separate as the bridge was loaded played a large role in generating high stress concentrations in the interface region. Other mitigating factors were the presence of the diaphragm anchor bars and the fact the bridge is subjected to the overloads of coal trucks. Resolving this problem would in some measure require the removal of the concrete intermediate diaphragm. However, the total elimination of intermediate diaphragms is not recommended since they are required during construction and in the event the deck is to be replaced. The use of temporary steel diaphragms, therefore, is recommended as substitutes for the concrete intermediate diaphragms.
Use of image depth profiling SIMS for the study of tinplate corrosion (1994)

Abstract Four tinplate specimens with different corrosion properties were studied using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) image analysis. The continuity of the structure of the interfacial iron‐tin alloy was able to be examined using a volume rendition computer program, which generates a three‐dimensional representation of the stack of ion images. The surface coverage of tinplate was found to vary widely on some specimens; those exhibiting poor corrosion characteristics were found to have little or no elemental tin covering the raised regions between the rolling grooves.
Development of Scallop Cut Type Damper Seal for Centrifugal Compressors (2014)

This paper deals with a new type of damper seal developed for a high-pressure centrifugal compressor. Honeycomb seals and hole-pattern seals are popularly used as damper seals and provide superior rotordynamic damping characteristics. Honeycomb seals are expensive because the manufacturing process is complex. Hole-pattern seals are easier to manufacture, but they are still expensive. Use of a scallop pattern is one way to reduce manufacturing cost and time. A new seal that has a scallop pattern and small teeth on the stator surface is proposed. This pattern is cut on the stator surface using a disc type tool. To estimate the rotordynamic coefficients of this new seal, a bulk flow model code that is based on a two-control-volume model developed by Matsuda for labyrinth seals was newly developed. This model uses the Hirs model for the viscous shear stresses. The friction factor coefficients for the rotor surface, the stator surface and the surface between the two control volumes were determined by CFD steady analysis. The rotordynamic coefficients can also be obtained by using CFD perturbation analysis. The high accuracy of the bulk flow model was demonstrated by comparing its results with CFD perturbation analysis results. In the perturbation analysis, the whirling motion was treated as a steady state problem by using a rotating frame of reference. For the damper seal, the rotor surface and its neighboring region were treated with a rotating frame of reference and the neighboring region of the stator was treated with a stationary frame of reference. The damping property of the new seal was evaluated by conducting rotor stability tests using a high-pressure compressor with an electromagnetic exciter. The new seal equipped with swirl brakes was used for the balance piston of the compressor. Stability was evaluated by exciting the rotor during operation and identifying the eigenvalues of the rotor. The experimental results showed that the new seal increases damping. Comparison of the damping effect with calculations based on the bulk flow analysis showed good agreement.
Behavior modeling of RF systems with VHDL (1991)

Behavioral modeling of RF systems with VHDL is considered and a modeling methodology is developed for modeling the I/O response of these systems. A Pulsed Doppler radar system is chosen as a representative system, and a VHDL model for this system is presented. The modeling approach and the working of the model are explained, and some example runs are provided. Some problems that are posed by VHDL in attempting to model the behavior of RF systems are discussed, along with the solutions that we adopted. A fault diagnosis methodology for systems of this type that uses information about the behavior of the system (extracted from a VHDL model of the system) is discussed, and an example is presented.
Adaptive multithreaded H.264/AVC decoding (2009)

The current trend towards multi-core processors imposes the necessity of finding viable strategies to exploit the additional computational resources in media processing. Among the challenges for video decoding are the appropriate partitioning of decoder steps, efficient tracking of dependencies and resource allocation/synchronization for multiple threads with respect to the resulting overhead. In this paper, we propose two variants of multithreading with distributed synchronization. The first method is optimized for minimum latency decoding, necessary for conversational applications. The second method aims to maximize the total throughput at the cost of a higher latency. In addition, we propose a method of dynamic core usage in order to reduce the total allocated processing resources due to inter-process communication overhead. This method is based on a coarse grained complexity estimation. To implicitly adapt to different combinations of processor architectures, associated memory interfaces and power-saving states, the scheme is feedback assisted. By correlating the initial estimate with the actual required processing time, a sufficiently accurate prediction of the required number of cores for the image processing part can be obtained. Experimental results demonstrate the scaling abilities of up to factor 3.5 on a quad-core machine, as well as the limits of the proposed approach regarding the complexity of sequential bitstream processing. We demonstrate that real-time 4k resolution decoding is feasible on current mid-range PC hardware. For less demanding streams, the adaptive mode reduces the total required CPU resources by up to 10% compared to the greedy approach.
Production datawarehouse and software toolset to support productivity improvement activities (2003)

This paper describes an effective way to support productivity improvement activities by shared databases and customer and problem oriented software applications. The new software tooling and the supporting database allow management, engineers and operators easy and efficient access to all relevant production data and focus all parties to identical productivity goals. For a fast and common solution for several different frontend sites two competence teams were founded to design and implement tooling and data warehouse. Consisting of users, IT-specialists and productivity consultants they achieved accelerated design and implementation cycles and reduced cost.
Design and fabrication of a novel bimorph microoptomechanical sensor (2005)

We have designed a so-called flip-over bimaterial (FOB) beam to increase the sensitivity of micromechanical structures for sensing temperature and surface stress changes. The FOB beam has a configuration such that a material layer coats the top and bottom of the second material at different regions along the beam length. By multiple interconnections of FOB beams, the deflection or sensitivity can be amplified, and the out-of-plane motion of a sensing structure can be achieved. The FOB beam has 53% higher thermomechanical sensitivity than a conventional one. Using the FOB beam design, we have developed a microoptomechanical sensor having a symmetric structure such that beam deflection is converted into a linear displacement of a reflecting surface, which is used for optical interferometry. The designed sensor has been fabricated by surface micromachining techniques using a transparent quartz substrate for optical measurement. Within a sensor area of 100 /spl mu/m/spl times/100 /spl mu/m, the thermomechanical sensitivity S/sub T/=180 nm/K was experimentally obtained.
In-Use Passenger Vessel Emission Rates of Black Carbon and Nitrogen Oxides (2022)

This study quantified emission factors of black carbon (BC) and nitrogen oxides (NO<sub><i>x</i></sub>) from 21 engines on in-use excursion vessels and ferries operating in California's San Francisco Bay, including EPA uncertified and Tier 1-4 engines and across engine operating modes. On average, ∼60 fuel-based emission factors per engine were measured using a novel combination of exhaust plume capture combined with GPS location and speed data that can be more readily deployed than common portable emissions measurement systems. BC and NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> emission factors (g kg<sup>-1</sup>) were lowest and least variable during fast cruising and highest during maneuvering and docked operation. Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) reduced NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> emissions by ∼80% when functional. However, elevated NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> emissions that exceeded corresponding exhaust standards were measured on most Tier 3 and Tier 4 engines sampled, which can be attributed to inactive SCR during frequent low engine load operation. In contrast, BC emissions exceeded the PM emission standard for only one engine, and SCR systems employed as a NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> reduction technology also reduced emitted BC. Using these measured emission factors to compare commuting options, we show that the CO<sub>2</sub>-equivalent emissions per passenger-kilometer are comparable when commuting by car and ferry, but BC and NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> emissions can be several to more than ten times larger when commuting by ferry.