gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Current drive from RF-induced modulation of plasma magnetization (1985)

Spatial modulation of the average magnetic moment 〈μ〉 of the electrons or ions in a tokamak can be used to impose a net toroidal force on that species due to the interaction of each particle’s magnetic moment with the magnetic variations which the particle experiences as it moves along a flux tube. Both sign and magnitude of the net toroidal force depend on the spatial relationship between the variation of average magnetic moment and the variation of magnetic field strength. The average parallel energy change is calculated as a function of the variation of average magnetic moment, the variation in B along the flux tube, and the phase between the variations of 〈μ〉 and of B. Spatial modulation of the average magnetic moment can result from asymmetric cyclotron heating of a species, provided that distribution function relaxation mechanisms are strong enough to maintain steady‐state. We have developed an experimental method of directly investigating the changes in distribution function which result from the application of RF power to a plasma, and results of these measurements will be presented, as will computational simulations which pertain to the use of the above as a steady‐state current drive mechanism.
Room-Temperature Molten Salts Based on the Quaternary Ammonium Ion (1998)

The properties of a family of novel quaternary ammonium salts based on the bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide and triflate anions are reported. Binary phase diagrams for some of their mixtures and their electrochemical windows of stability are also reported. The highest conductivity observed in the pure salt systems at 25 °C was 7 × 10-4 S cm-1. An electrochemical window of stability of up to 5 V was measured on graphite electrodes. The effect of salt structure and solvent on conductivity of the salts is also discussed.
Stereoselectivity of the reduction of naltrexone oxime with borane (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereoselectivity of the reduction of naltrexone oxime with boraneMosad S. Mohamed and Philip S. PortogheseCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 1, 105–106Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00351a025https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00351a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views335Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Bi-Photon Correlation Time Measurements with a Two-Colour Broadband SU(1,1) Interferometer (2022)

We demonstrate spectral and temporal interferometry using a SU(1,1) interferometer based on ultra-broadband, non-degenerate dispersion-engineered parametric down-conversion in nonlinear waveguides. We extract the ultra-short biphoton correlation time and realise dispersion sensitive spectroscopy.
Pour une descente en Hell (1978)

Donne 1 est la geste eprouvante de la formation de son heros-narrateur : Hell. Cette epopee du dedans emprunte au genre traditionnel l'usage de la formule, mais pousse a l'extreme, en ce qu'il prend en charge la semiotique meme du texte, et plus particulierement son niveau actantiel. Les personnages incarnent physiquement les roles qui leurs sont revolus en des formules mythologiques dont les principales sont des arcanes majeurs du Tarot. A Epinal, Hell est le page d'une grande dame, Donne, qui lui accorde la faveur manducatoire de son pied gauche. Il incarne alors le diable du tarot dont l'impulsivite va le perdre : exigeant le cou et le nez, puis le pied droit, il defie la loi que promulgue le puissant Hans, l'amant en titre de Donne. Mais sa faute reside surtout dans l'indiscretion suscitee par Herr, l'illicite pretendant de Donne qui le pousse a livrer au commerage mondain le secret d'une imperfection du corps de Donne : deux taches au visage. Celles-ci, reprises en echo par le cortege burlesque des cinq scoliastes : Harnach, Hansenius, Heinsus, Hesius et Hesne ou Henne, lui reviennent toujours amplifiees. Elle l'ameneront a se figurer Donne rongee par la lepre. La reponse de Donne est une serie de represailles dont la gravite va croissant. Elle lui ote d'abord le Pied, qu'elle remplace par les cinq doigts de la main droite, puis, successivement, les sept lettres : 1, n, k, s, iou, qui semblent recouvrir d'importantes significations. Hell, linguistiquement mutile, sera ensuite destitue et chasse sur l'intervention decisive de Hans. Entre-temps, les pouvoirs de Hans et de Donne ont cru sous les figures tarotiques de l'Empereur puis du Pape, de la Papesse puis de l'Imperatrice, cependant
Role of early insulin secretion in postglucose‐loading hyperglycaemia and postfat‐loading hyperlipidaemia: comparing nateglinide and glibenclamide for acute effects on insulin secretion in OLETF rats (2004)

Abnormalities in early insulin secretion are closely associated with the pathogenesis of various disease conditions that combine to characterize type 2 diabetes, suggesting that normalizing early insulin response in portal blood represents an important treatment not only for postprandial hyperglycaemia but also for postprandial hyperlipidaemia.
SMYD5 Controls Heterochromatin and Chromosome Integrity during Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation (2017)

Epigenetic regulation of chromatin states is thought to control gene expression programs during lineage specification. However, the roles of repressive histone modifications, such as trimethylated histone lysine 20 (H4K20me3), in development and genome stability are largely unknown. Here, we show that depletion of SET and MYND domain-containing protein 5 (SMYD5), which mediates H4K20me3, leads to genome-wide decreases in H4K20me3 and H3K9me3 levels and derepression of endogenous LTR- and LINE-repetitive DNA elements during differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells. SMYD5 depletion resulted in chromosomal aberrations and the formation of transformed cells that exhibited decreased H4K20me3 and H3K9me3 levels and an expression signature consistent with multiple human cancers. Moreover, dysregulated gene expression in SMYD5 cancer cells was associated with LTR and endogenous retrovirus elements and decreased H4K20me3. In addition, depletion of SMYD5 in human colon and lung cancer cells results in increased tumor growth and upregulation of genes overexpressed in colon and lung cancers, respectively. These findings implicate an important role for SMYD5 in maintaining chromosome integrity by regulating heterochromatin and repressing endogenous repetitive DNA elements during differentiation. <i>Cancer Res; 77(23); 6729-45. ©2017 AACR</i>.
Molecular Synchronization Enhances Molecular Interactions: An Explanatory Note of Pressure Effects (2018)

In this study, we investigated a unique aspect of the supramolecular polymerization of tetrakis (4-sulfonatophenyl) porphyrin (TPPS), a self-assembling porphyrin, under non-equilibrium conditions by subtracting the effects of back-pressure on its polymerization. We focused on the enhanced self-assembly abilities of TPPS under a process of rapid proton diffusion in a microflow channel. Rapid protonation caused synchronization of many sets of protonation/deprotonation equilibria on the molecular scale, leading to the production of many sets of growing suparmolecular spices. Pressure effects in the microflow channel, which could potentially promote self-assembly of TPPS, were negligible, becoming predominant only when the system was in the synchronized state.
논문 : 신무용(新舞踊) 계열의 남북한 검무 비교 (2002)

본 연구는 신무용(新舞踊) 계열에 속하는 남한과 북한의 검무를 비교하여 공통점과 상이점을 살펴보고자 하였다. 시청각 자료의 분석은 남한의 ‘김백봉’이 안무해서 1999년 11월 13일 공연한 작품《섬광》과 북한의 ‘평양예술단’이 1985년 9월 22일 ‘남북고향방문예술공연’에서 발표한《칼춤》을 대상으로 하였으며, 두 작품을 비교 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 본 연구자는 남한과 북한의 검무는 각각에 내포되어 있는 긍정적인 면과 부정적인 면의 상호 교접(交接)과 상호 해소를 통한 재창조의 가능성이 남아 있다고 본다. 현행 남·북한의 검무는 긍정적인 면과 부정적인 면이 교차대응(交叉對應)하는 양상을 보여준다. 남한의 검무는 약한 의식미(성)와 강한 형식미(성)를 보여주며, 반대로 북한의 검무는 강한 의식미(성)와 약한 형식미(성)를 보여준다.
Steroid Sulfatase and Estrogen Sulfotransferase in Colon Carcinoma: Regulators of Intratumoral Estrogen Concentrations and Potent Prognostic Factors (2009)

Previous epidemiologic and in vitro studies have indicated a potential involvement of estrogens in the pathogenesis of human colon carcinoma, but the precise roles of estrogens have remained largely unknown. Therefore, in this study, we first measured intratumoral concentrations of estrogens in 53 colon carcinomas using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS). Tissue concentrations of total estrogen [estrone (E(1)) + estradiol] and E(1) were significantly (2.0- and 2.4-fold, respectively) higher in colon carcinoma tissues than in nonneoplastic colonic mucosa (n = 31), and higher intratumoral concentrations of total estrogen and E(1) were significantly associated with adverse clinical outcome. Intratumoral concentration of total estrogen was significantly associated with the combined status of steroid sulfatase (STS) and estrogen sulfotransferase (EST), but not with that of aromatase. Thus, we subsequently examined the STS/EST status in 328 colon carcinomas using immunohistochemistry. Immunoreactivities for STS and EST were detected in 61% and 44% of the cases, respectively. The -/+ group of the STS/EST status was inversely associated with Dukes' stage, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis and positively correlated with Ki-67 labeling index of the carcinomas. In addition, this -/+ group had significantly longer survival, and a multivariate analysis revealed the STS/EST status as an independent prognostic factor. Results from our present study showed that the STS/EST status of carcinoma tissue determined intratumoral estrogen levels and could be a significant prognostic factor in colon carcinoma, suggesting that estrogens are locally produced mainly through the sulfatase pathway and play important roles in the progression of the disease.
Is the Gram Stain Useful in the Microbiologic Diagnosis of VAP? A Meta-analysis (2012)

In a meta-analysis examining respiratory specimen Gram stain for diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia, absence of bacteria on Gram stain had a high negative predictive value, but a positive Gram stain correlated poorly with organisms recovered in culture. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a major challenge and no generally accepted gold standard exists for VAP diagnosis. We conducted a meta-analysis to examine the role of respiratory specimen Gram stain to diagnose VAP, and the correlation with final culture results. In 21 studies, pooled sensitivity of Gram stain for VAP was 0.79 (95% confidence interval [CI], .77-0.81; P < .0001) and specificity was 0.75 (95% CI, .73-.78; P < .0001). Negative predictive value of Gram stain for a VAP prevalence of 20%-30% was 91%, suggesting that VAP is unlikely with a negative Gram stain but the positive predictive value of Gram stain was only 40%. Pooled kappa was 0.42 for gram-positive organisms and 0.34 for gram-negative organisms, suggesting fair concordance between organisms on Gram stain and recovery by culture. Therefore, a positive Gram stain should not be used to narrow anti-infective therapy until culture results become available.
Recovery torque modeling of carbon fiber reinforced shape memory polymer nanocomposites (2013)

Carbon fiber and carbon nanofiber paper (CF&amp;CNFP) can be incorporated into shape memory polymers (SMPs) to increase electrical conductivity and allow high speed electrical actuation with a low power. This paper studies the interactions among the recovery torques of CF&amp;CNFP and SMP and the gravity torque during the shape recovery process. The proposed recovery torque model in a SMP CF&amp;CNFP based structure is validated by experimental data obtained using a recently developed low cost, non-contact measurement testbed.
Exploring the Border between Concerted and Two‐Step Pathways of 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloadditions of Organic Azides to Cyclic Ketene N,X‐Acetals. – Synthesis and 15N‐NMR Spectra of Zwitterions and Spirocyclic Cycloadducts (2005)

Abstract Cyclic ketene N,X‐acetals 1 are electron‐rich dipolarophiles that undergo 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reactions with organic azides 2 ranging from alkyl to strongly electron‐deficient azides, e.g. , picryl azide ( 2L ; R 1 =2,4,6‐(NO 2 ) 3 C 6 H 2 ) and sulfonyl azides 2M – O (R 1 =XSO 2 ; cf. Scheme 1 ). Reactions of the latter with the most‐nucleophilic ketene N,N‐acetals 1A provided the first examples for two‐step HOMO(dipolarophile)–LUMO(1,3‐dipole)‐controlled 1,3‐dipolar cycloadditions via intermediate zwitterions 3 . To set the stage for an exploration of the frontier between concerted and two‐step 1,3‐dipolar cycloadditions of this type, we first describe the scope and limitations of concerted cycloadditions of 2 to 1 and delineate a number of zwitterions 3 . Alkyl azides 2A – C add exclusively to ketene N,N‐acetals that are derived from 1 H ‐tetrazole (see 1A ) and 1 H ‐imidazole (see 1B , C ), while almost all aryl azides yield cycloadducts 4 with the ketene N,X‐acetals (X=NR, O, S) employed, except for the case of extreme steric hindrance of the 1,3‐dipole (see 2E ; R 1 =2,4,6‐( t Bu) 3 C 6 H 2 ). The most electron‐deficient paradigm, 2L , affords zwitterions 16D , E in the reactions with 1A , while ketene N,O‐ and N,S‐acetals furnish products of unstable intermediate cycloadducts. By tuning the electronic and steric demands of aryl azides to those of ketene N,N‐acetals 1A , we discovered new borderlines between concerted and two‐step 1,3‐dipolar cycloadditions that involve similar pairs of dipoles and dipolarophiles: 4‐Nitrophenyl azide ( 2G ) and the 2,2‐dimethylpropylidene dipolarophile 1A (R, R=H, t Bu) gave a cycloadduct 13 H , while 2‐nitrophenyl azide ( 2 H ) and the same dipolarophile afforded a zwitterion 16A . Isopropylidene dipolarophile 1A (R=Me) reacted with both 2G and 2 H to afford cycloadducts 13G , J ) but furnished a zwitterion 16B with 2,4‐dinitrophenyl azide ( 2I) . Likewise, 1A (R=Me) reacted with the isomeric encumbered nitrophenyl azides 2J and 2K to yield a cycloadduct 13L and a zwitterion 16C , respectively. These examples suggest that, in principle, a host of such borderlines exist which can be crossed by means of small structural variations of the reactants. Eventually, we use 15 N‐NMR spectroscopy for the first time to characterize spirocyclic cycloadducts 10 – 14 and 17 ( Table 6 ), and zwitterions 16 ( Table 7 ).
Effect of Butyrate on Adenovirus-Mediated Herpes Simplex Virus Thymidine Kinase Gene Therapy (1998)

Background: Recombinant adenovirus hold promise as vectors to carry therapeutic genes for several reasons : 1) they can infect both dividing and non-dividing cells ; 2) they have the ability to directly transduce tissues in vivo ; 3) they can easily be produced in high titer ; and 4) they have an established record of safety as vaccination material. However, one of the major limitation in the use of adenoviruses is that transgene expression is quite short because adenovirusees insert their DNA genome episomally rather than by chromosomal integration, and an immune response against the virus destroys cells expressing the therapeutic gene. Since sodium butyrate has been reported to induce adenovirus-mediated gene expression, we hypothesized that treatment of tumor cells, transduced with herpes simples virus thymidine kinase(HSVtk) gene using adenoviral vector, with butyrate could augment the effect of gene therapy.\n\nMethods : We transduced HSVtk gene, driven by the cytomegalovirus promoter, into REN cell line(human mesothelioma cell line). Before proceeding with the comparison of HSVtk/ganciclovir mediated bystander killing, we evaluated the effect of butyrate on the growth of tumor cells in order to rule out a potential antitumor effect of butyrate alone, and also on expression of HSVtk gene by Western blot analysis. Then we determined the effects of butyrate on bystander-mediated cell killing in vitro.\n\nResults : There was no inhibition of growth of cells exposed to butyrate for 24 hours at a concentration of 1. 5mM/L. Toxic effects were seen when the concentration of butyrate was greater than 2.0mM/L Gene expression was more stable and bystander effect was augmented by butyrate treatment of a concentration of 1.5mM Conclusion: These results provide evidence that butyrate can augment the efficiency of cell killing with HSVtk/GCV system by inducing transgene expression and may thus by a promising new approach to improve responses in gene therapy using adenoviral vectors.(Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases 1998,46 7587-595)\nKey words : Butyrate, Adenovirus, Gene therapy
Cerebral Necrosis After Radiotherapy and/or Intraarterial Chemotherapy for Brain Tumors: PET and Neuropathologic Studies (1987)

Cerebral necrosis after radiotherapy for brain tumors is being recognized as a problem more common than previously estimated. Distinction between this iatrogenic complication and tumor recurrence cannot be made by either CT or MR imaging. By using positron emission tomography (PET) with (18)F-deoxyglucose (FOG) we were able to reach a diagnosis of radiation necrosis, later verified, in 10 of 95 patients referred for the purpose of differentiating tumor recurrence from necrosis. The critical PET-FOG feature was focal hypometabolism in the area of necrosis, which contrasted with the hypermetabolism associated with the residual/recurrent tumor. In addition, four cases of cerebral necrosis after supraophthalmic, intraarterial chemotherapy (BCNU) were studied with the PET-FOG method. The area of chemotherapy damage was also characterized by marked hypometabolism. Histology revealed both similarities and differences between radio- and chemonecrosis.
Electron-impact fragmentation ofCl2− (2005)

A merged beam technique has been used to investigate the fragmentation of the ${\mathrm{Cl}}_{2}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ ion in collisions with electrons over an energy range of $0--200\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$. We have measured absolute cross sections for detachment, detachment plus dissociation and dissociation processes. Over the energy range studied, the dominant breakup mechanism is dissociation. Dissociation is relatively enhanced in the ${e}^{\ensuremath{-}}+{\mathrm{Cl}}_{2}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ collision system due to the suppression of the normally dominant detachment process, as a result of the large difference between the equilibrium internuclear distances of the ${\mathrm{Cl}}_{2}$ and ${\mathrm{Cl}}_{2}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ ground state potential curves. A prominent structure is observed just above the threshold in the ${\mathrm{Cl}}^{\ensuremath{-}}+\mathrm{Cl}+{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ dissociation channel. It is proposed that the structure is a resonance associated with production and rapid decay of an excited state of the doubly charged ${\mathrm{Cl}}_{2}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ ion. A plausible mechanism for production of the di-anionic state based on an excitation plus capture process is suggested.
Improved successive cancellation flip decoding of polar codes based on error distribution (2018)

Polar codes are a class of linear block codes that provably achieves channel capacity, and have been selected as a coding scheme for 5 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> generation wireless communication standards. Successive-cancellation (SC) decoding of polar codes has mediocre error-correction performance on short to moderate codeword lengths: the SC-Flip decoding algorithm is one of the solutions that have been proposed to overcome this issue. On the other hand, SC-Flip has a higher implementation complexity compared to SC due to the required log-likelihood ratio (LLR) selection and sorting process. Moreover, it requires a high number of iterations to reach good error-correction performance. In this work, we propose two techniques to improve the SC-Flip decoding algorithm for low-rate codes, based on the observation of channel-induced error distributions. The first one is a fixed index selection (FIS) scheme to avoid the substantial implementation cost of LLR selection and sorting with no cost on error-correction performance. The second is an enhanced index selection (EIS) criterion to improve the error-correction performance of SC-Flip decoding. A reduction of 24.6% in the implementation cost of logic elements is estimated with the FIS approach, while simulation results show that EIS leads to an improvement on error-correction performance improvement up to 0.34 dB at a target FER of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-4</sup> .
Characterization of a reduced peptide bond analogue of a promiscuous CD4 T cell epitope derived from the Plasmodium falciparum malaria vaccine candidate merozoite surface protein 1 (2004)

Use of synthetic peptides as vaccine components is hampered by their susceptibility to enzymatic degradation and rapid clearance from biological fluids. Introduction of non-natural structural modifications can render peptides more resistant to enzymatic degradation, encouraging attempts to profile such non-natural ligands as components of synthetic sub-unit vaccines. We have compared the antigenic and immunogenic properties of a series of non-natural peptide analogues derived from a promiscuous T cell epitope of the major Plasmodium falciparum malaria vaccine candidate merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP-1). A series of HLA class II restricted MSP-1(38-58)-specific TCC established from three volunteers were characterized for their minimal epitope and fine specificity. T cell stimulatory activities of a series of pseudo-peptide analogues with single reduced peptide bond Psi-[CH2-NH] modifications were compared with those of single d-amino acid replacement analogues. Compared to reduced peptide bond analogues the single d-amino acid replacement analogues turned out to be less suitable for stimulation of TCC. In particular, the reduced peptide analogue carrying a Psi-[CH2-NH] backbone modification between positions V52 and L53 of MSP-1(38-58) demonstrated properties that would make it a more suitable vaccine component than the unmodified parent peptide. First, the pseudo-peptide stimulated a number of TCC restricted by a range of HLA class II alleles. Second, trypsin treatment in combination with T cell stimulation assays provided evidence for increased resistance to proteolytic digestion. Third, the parasite-binding anti-MSP-1 mAb 7.27 recognized best this particular pseudo-peptide in competition ELISA experiments and its immunogenicity in out-bred Aotus monkeys was superior to that of the parent peptide eliciting antibodies cross-reactive with native MSP-1.
Clear box evaluation of vision algorithms application to the design of a new color region growing segmentation for robotics (2006)

International audience
Electronic structure of novel low band gap conjugated polymers (2013)

The electronic structures of two novel low band gap conjugated polymers have been studied. Both materials are conjugated alternating copolymers based on fluorene units and low band gap donor-accept ...