gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gene Therapy for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Using Stem Cell Transplantation (2000)

I. INTRODUCTION The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was first recognized in 1981 when unusual clusters of Pneumocystis carinii and Kaposi’s sarcoma were reported in homosexual men in New York City, Los Angeles, and San Francisco and was further identified in every part of the world. The causative agents of AIDS were isolated 2 years later in France and in the United States (1-3) from the blood of patients and were later shown to be an enveloped RNA virus belonging to the lentivirus subfamily of retroviruses (4). By consensus these agents were named human immunodeficiency viruses (HIVs). AIDS is considered one of the most challenging pandemics of the end of this century, and the World Health Organization estimates that between 40 and 100 million individuals may be infected with HIV by year 2000 (5). HIV infection induces a progressive and severe immunodeficiency resulting in multiple infections by opportunistic bacteria, viruses, and parasites (6). Despite the development of antiretroviral drugs that improve the quality of life and the survival time of infected individuals, eradication of all virus-infected cells and cure of infection is not currently feasible and calls for novel therapeutic approaches, such as gene therapy.
Learning capabilities for improving automatic transmission control (2005)

We analyzed the gear-box position selection (GPS) problem on automatic transmission (AT) and proposed an algorithm, based on learning control, to improve vehicle behavior and driver satisfaction. Our approach guarantees optimization of vehicle performance and adaptation to the driver's style with road condition sensitivity. This improvement has been achieved by combining three knowledge acquisition sources: embedded dynamic models of powertrain, inductive inspection of driver actions and AT designer expertise; and by adding learning capabilities in order to significantly increase the system autonomy. Technically, GPS raises the following four problems which this paper addresses: (1) To achieve vehicle performance optimization of multiple antagonistic criteria, locally and globally over time, we considered a parametric disciminant function depending on an evaluation of the driver satisfaction and so called driver-style-state functions, as a reward for the system, and applied a reinforcement learning algorithm, derived from Q-learning method and combined with a mechanism to escape local optima. (2) Learning directly from the driver is performed when he selects AT ratio in manual mode. (3) Each driver's personal style is represented by a Glass creation/selection mechanism. (4) GPS raises a few singularities which are addressed by a set of restriction rules derived from AT control expertise.
Bar-code recognition system using image processing (2002)

Information processing is fast developing in various sectors along with the spread of computer technology. The same goes for the commodity production and distribution industries where the bar-code system is increasingly utilized as one of the most useful tools for recognizing unique information related to each commodity. While handy type bar-code readers are normally used by retail shops where small amounts of diverse products are handled, a system to quickly and automatically read out bar-code data pasted on a continuous flow of products is required for use in production sites or distribution centers where large volumes of products are handled. Demands at site for the functionality and performance level of such systems are quite challenging. For instance, it is impossible to specify the location to paste a bar-code on a round container like a hat box. Cardboard cartons also come in variable sizes in very large quantities. In order to cope with such situations, the bar-code recognition devices have been developed using the most advanced image processing technology in both soft- and hardware. The notable features are as follows: 1) small bar-codes are read from a large sectional area using a multi-camera; 2) individual recognition is achieved without disturbing product flow by high speed parallel processing; 3) the camera is capable of reading objects (bar-codes) from a distance between one to two meters (to allow the facility more flexibility in design); 4) the mainstream bar-codes in the distribution industry such as Code 39 and ITF are supported; and 5) the high level of recognition efficiency and safety.
Pyrolytic Depolymerization Mechanisms for Post-Consumer Plastic Wastes (2022)

Fast pyrolysis of five post-consumer plastic waste materials was studied using pyrolysis coupled with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) technique. Prescription medicine bottles, landfill liners, and one type of industrial plastic waste represented polyolefin-based polymers, whereas packaging material represented polystyrene, and other industrial plastic waste represented polyurethane. The noncatalytic and catalytic degradation mechanisms of all five post-consumer plastic wastes were elucidated. The noncatalytic pyrolysis experiments were conducted at a temperature of 600 °C for a residence time of 5 min. For catalytic pyrolysis, a spent FCC catalyst was utilized for polystyrene, a sulfated zirconia-based catalyst was utilized for polyurethane, and a Y-zeolite catalyst was used for polyolefinic plastic waste. The results suggested that the thermal reaction has higher monomeric and oligomeric selectivity than the catalytic reaction. Results from the catalytic runs showed that the addition of catalysts greatly influences product compositions and has a significant effect on the selectivity of a specific compound. One of the plastic wastes, landfill liner, was selected for a batch scale pyrolysis at 420–440 °C using Y-zeolite as a catalyst to demonstrate the product properties and potential use of the liquid product formed. The complete product distribution of plastic crude oil was performed followed by distillation to produce aviation range fuel. The fuel properties of aviation range fuel were examined, and results suggested that the fuel fraction can be easily blended with commercially available fuels for direct applications.
Aggregates (2008)

Abstract In their bound form, aggregates are by far the most ubiquitous materials in architectural construction. However, there are few precedents for using loose aggregates in any significant way, despite their ability to swiftly interact with a given environment. Michael Hensel and Achim Menges argue for a better understanding of the behaviour of such materials in order that they can be used in their loose form. Aggregates are formed not through the connection of elements with joints or a binding matrix, but through the loose accumulation of separate elements. This approach therefore requires a radical departure from architectural design based on assemblies and assembly processes. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Alien species in Norway: Results from quantitative ecological impact assessments (2020)

Abstract 1 . Due to globalisation, trade and transport, the spread of alien species is increasing dramatically. Some alien species become ecologically harmful by threatening native biota. This can lead to irreversible changes in local biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, and, ultimately, to biotic homogenisation. 2 . We risk‐assessed all alien plants, animals, fungi and algae, within certain delimitations, that are known to reproduce in Norway. Mainland Norway and the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard plus Jan Mayen were treated as separate assessment areas. Assessments followed the Generic Ecological Impact Assessment of Alien Species (GEIAA) protocol, which uses a fully quantitative set of criteria. 3 . A total of 1,519 species were risk‐assessed, of which 1,183 were species reproducing in mainland Norway. Among these, 9% were assessed to have a severe impact, 7% high impact, 7% potentially high impact, and 49% low impact, whereas 29% had no known impact. In Svalbard, 16 alien species were reproducing, one of which with a severe impact. 4 . The impact assessments also covered 319 so‐called door‐knockers, that is, species that are likely to establish in Norway within 50 years, and 12 regionally alien species. Of the door‐knockers, 8% and 10% were assessed to have a severe and high impact, respectively. 5 . The impact category of most species was driven by negative interactions with native species, transformation of threatened ecosystems, or genetic contamination. The proportion of alien species with high or severe impact varied significantly across the different pathways of introduction, taxonomic groups, time of introduction and the environments colonised, but not across continents of origin. 6 . Given the large number of alien species reproducing in Norway and the preponderance of species with low impact, it is neither realistic nor necessary to eradicate all of them. Our results can guide management authorities in two ways. First, the use of quantitative assessment criteria facilitates the prioritisation of management resources across species. Second, the background information collected for each species, such as introduction pathways, area of occupancy and ecosystems affected, helps designing appropriate management measures.
Comparative evaluation of physical characteristics of different inflatable penile prostheses (2017)

The results suggest that these prostheses exhibit significant physical differences. The clinical impact of these differences is poorly elucidated. These variations in behavior of the prostheses could be considered by physicians and patients when objectively assessing the choice of prosthesis. These findings could aid in objective patient counseling.
Advanced Glycation End Products Are Direct Modulators of β-Cell Function (2011)

These findings demonstrate that AGEs directly cause insulin secretory defects, most likely by impairing mitochondrial function, which may contribute to the development of T1D.
Scope of the C-S Insertion Reaction of Thiazolium Salts with Platinum(0) Diphosphine Complexes (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTScope of the C-S Insertion Reaction of Thiazolium Salts with Platinum(0) Diphosphine ComplexesVirginia C. M. Smith, Robin T. Aplin, John M. Brown, Michael B. Hursthouse, Alexander I. Karalulov, K. M. A. Malik, and Neil A. CooleyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 12, 5180–5189Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00091a023Request reuse permissionsArticle Views219Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Design of the extraction system of the superconducting ECR ion source venus (2002)

A new, very high magnetic field superconducting ECR ion source, VENUS, is under construction at the LBNL 88-Inch Cyclotron. The paper describes the VENUS extraction system and discusses the ion beam formation in the strong axial magnetic field (3 T) of the ECR ion source. Emittance values as expected from theory, which assumes a uniform plasma density across the plasma outlet hole, are compared with actual measurements from the AECR-U ion source. Results indicate that highly charged heavier ions are concentrated on the source axis. They are extracted from an "effective" plasma outlet hole, whose smaller radius must be included in ion optics simulations.
Optimisation of a railway traction system drive control vs. slip perturbation (2002)

The purpose of this paper is to present a new drive control strategy for a railway traction system, robust vs. the loss of adherence perturbation. This new control strategy is based on an algorithm commutation. The specificity of the system drive is two induction motors with only one PWM inverter. For this study, the common mechanical load has been completely modelled, in particular the wheel/rail contact law, and represents a real railway traction system, coming from industry.
Sound transmission through normal and diseased human lungs (1996)

A system for monitoring sound transmission through the human lung is described and the possibility of using this information in order to construct a functional map of the lung is investigated. Lung morphology (structure) may be monitored by using X-rays or computerised axial tomography (CAT). However, the size, cost and the possible adverse effects of high doses of X-rays make these techniques unsuitable for routine use. The speed of sound transmission through parenchyma (lung tissue) is a function of the size of the alveoli (air sacs). Therefore, by measuring the speed of sound through the lungs it may be possible to detect areas of collapsed alveoli. This would provide a simple, cheap, and non-invasive technique for monitoring certain lung abnormalities.
Anti‐HIV, Anti‐Poxvirus, and Anti‐SARS Activity of a Nontoxic, Acidic Plant Extract from the Trifollium Species Secomet‐V/anti‐Vac Suggests That It Contains a Novel Broad‐Spectrum Antiviral (2005)

Enveloped animal viruses such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human papillomavirus, Marburg, and influenza are major public health concerns around the world. The prohibitive cost of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs for most HIV-infected patients in sub-Saharan Africa and the serious side effects in those who have access to ARV drugs make a compelling case for the study of complementary and alternative therapies. Such therapies should have scientifically proved antiviral activity and minimal toxic effects. A plant extract, Secomet-V, with an anecdotal indication in humans for promise as an anti-HIV treatment, was investigated. Using a previously described attenuated vaccinia virus vGK5, we established the antiviral activity of Secomet-V. Chemical analysis showed that it has an acidic pH, nontoxic traces of iron (<10 ppm), and almost undetectable levels of arsenic (<1.0 ppm). The color varies from colorless to pale yellow to dark brown. The active agent is heat stable at least up to sterilizing temperature of 121 degrees C. The crude plant extract is a mixture of several small molecules separable by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The HIV viral loads were significantly reduced over several months in a few patients monitored after treatment with Secomet-V. Secomet-V was also found to have antiviral activity against the SARS virus but not against the West Nile virus. Secomet-V, therefore, is a broad-spectrum antiviral, which possibly works by neutralizing viral infectivity, resulting in the prevention of viral attachment.
Vitamin D–Related Genetic Variation, Plasma Vitamin D, and Risk of Lethal Prostate Cancer: A Prospective Nested Case–Control Study (2012)

In this prospective study, plasma 25(OH)D levels and common variation among several vitamin D-related genes were associated with lethal prostate cancer risk, suggesting that vitamin D is relevant for lethal prostate cancer.
Altered lead(II)-cleavage pattern of free Phe-tRNAPhe and Phe-tRNAPhe in ternary complex with EF-Tu:GTP. (1993)

Pb2+ ions in sub-millimolar concentrations are known to cleave internucleotide bonds of phenylalanine-specific transfer RNA (tRNAPhe) from Saccharomyces. cerevisiae specifically between nucleotides D17 and G18 in the D-loop, with additional minor cleavages after D16 and G15. This makes lead(II) a sensitive structural probe for correct folding of tRNAPhe. In the present paper we use Pb2+ ions as a functional probe to determine whether this part of tRNA is protected by the Escherichia coli elongation factor EF-Tu in the ternary complex formed between Phe-tRNAPhe and EF-Tu.GTP. Our results show that for tRNA in complex with EF-Tu:GTP, the phosphodiester bond after D17 is cleaved, yet the phosphodiester bonds after D16 and G15 are not. To our knowledge, this is the first time that Pb2+ ions, bound at a specific site in tRNA, have been used both to investigate the correct folding of tRNA in complex, and to footprint a functional complex with components whose individual structures are known.
New near-infrared optical probes of cardiac electrical activity (2006)

Styryl voltage-sensitive dyes (e.g., di-4-ANEPPS) have been widely and successfully used as probes for mapping membrane potential changes in cardiac cells and tissues. However, their utility has been somewhat limited because their excitation wavelengths have been restricted to the 450- to 550-nm range. Longer excitation/emission wavelength probes can minimize interference from endogenous chromophores and, because of decreased light scattering and lower absorption by endogenous chromophores, improve recording from deeper tissue layers. In this article, we report efforts to develop new potentiometric styryl dyes that have excitation wavelengths ranging above 700 nm and emission spectra extending to 900 nm. Three dyes for cardiac optical mapping were investigated in depth from several hundred dyes containing 47 variants of the styryl chromophores. Absorbance and emission spectra in ethanol and multilamellar vesicles, as well as voltage-dependent spectral changes in a model lipid bilayer, have been recorded for these dyes. Optical action potentials were recorded in typical cardiac tissues (rat, guinea pig, pig) and compared with those of di-4-ANEPPS. The voltage sensitivities of the fluorescence of these new potentiometric indicators are as good as those of the widely used ANEP series of probes. In addition, because of molecular engineering of the chromophore, the new dyes provide a wide range of dye loading and washout time constants. These dyes will enable a series of new experiments requiring the optical probing of thick and/or blood-perfused cardiac tissues.
Cloning and characterization of the Schistosoma japonicum aspartic proteinase involved in hemoglobin degradation. (1997)

Page 24498, Fig. 2: Last line of the amino acid alignment should read atD{pSjpasp} KNRVGFAKAVKPDSSYHHTKVYSPMLRLFPAQSIPKVAPKSPNGVFAFSKLLHDAN The corrected, deduced amino acid sequence of the preproenzyme is 428 residues, not 380 as originally stated. The mature enzyme is comprised of 377 amino acid residues, the same number of residues as the homologous aspartic proteinase from Schistosoma mansoni (1Wong J.Y.M. Harrop S.A. Day S.R. Brindley P.J. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1997; 1338: 156-160Crossref PubMed Scopus (31) Google Scholar). The relevant GenBank™ data base entry, L41346, has been revised. (The error resulted from anincorrect reading of the automated sequencing tracing.)
Matching theory for priority-based cell association in the downlink of wireless small cell networks (2014)

The deployment of small cells, overlaid on existing cellular infrastructure, is seen as a key feature in next-generation cellular systems. In this paper, the problem of user association in the downlink of small cell networks (SCNs) is considered. The problem is formulated as a many-to-one matching game in which the users and SCBSs rank one another based on utility functions that account for both the achievable performance, in terms of rate and fairness to cell edge users, as captured by newly proposed priorities. To solve this game, a novel distributed algorithm that can reach a stable matching is proposed. Simulation results show that the proposed approach yields an average utility gain of up to 65% compared to a common association algorithm that is based on received signal strength. Compared to the classical deferred acceptance algorithm, the results also show a 40% utility gain and a more fair utility distribution among the users.
State Letters of Assyria. By Robert H. Pfeiffer. American Oriental Series, vol. vi. 10¼ × 7, pp. xii + 265. New Haven, Connecticut: American Oriental Society, 1935. (1936)

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Light absorption in hybrid silicon-on-insulator/quantum dot waveguides (2013)

We analyze the absorption coefficient of planarized silicon-on-insulator waveguides coated by close packed mono- and multilayers of colloidal PbS/CdS quantum dots (QDs). Experimental data clearly show the influence of the QDs on the waveguide absorbance around 1500 nm, where we find that QDs absorb stronger in thicker layers. To simulate the absorption coefficient of QD functionalized waveguides, the QD layer is replaced by an effective medium with a dielectric function determined by dipolar coupling between neighbouring QDs. Using the host dielectric constant εh as an adjustable parameter, excellent agreement with the experimental results is obtained. In this way, the increase in absorption cross section with layer thickness can be traced back to an increasing εh. We argue that this reflects the decreasing influence of the surroundings on the εh, which therefore evolves from an extrinsic property for monolayers to a more intrinsic film property for multilayers.
Corrosion at the Head-Neck Taper as a Cause for Adverse Local Tissue Reactions After Total Hip Arthroplasty (2012)

Adverse local tissue reactions can occur in patients with a metal-on-polyethylene bearing secondary to corrosion at the modular femoral head-neck taper, and their presentation is similar to the adverse local tissue reactions seen in patients with a metal-on-metal bearing. Elevated serum metal levels, particularly a differential elevation of serum cobalt levels with respect to chromium levels, can be helpful in establishing this diagnosis.
Preliminary Study on the Visualization and Quantification of Elemental Compositions in Individual Microdroplets using Solidification and Synchrotron Radiation Techniques (2011)

Quantifying the solute composition of a cloud droplet (or a whole droplet) is an important task for understanding formation processes and heating/cooling rates. In this study, a combination of droplet fixation and SR-XRF microprobe analysis was used to visualize and quantify elements in a micro-scale droplet. In this study, we report the preliminary outcome of this experiment. A spherical micro-scale droplet was successfully solidified through exposure to <TEX>${\alpha}$</TEX>-cyano-acrylate vapor without affecting its size or shape. An X-ray microprobe system equipped at the beam line 37XU of Super Photon ring 8 GeV (SPring-8) was applied to visualize and quantify the elemental composition in an individual micro-scale droplet. It was possible to reconstruct 2D elemental maps for the K and Cl contained in a microdroplet that was dispensed from the 10-ppm KCl standard solution. Multi-elemental peaks corresponding to X-ray energy were also successfully resolved. Further experiments to determine quantitative measures of elemental mass in individual droplets and high-resolution X-ray microtomography (i.e., 3D elemental distribution) are planned for the future.