gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A122 THE INFLUENCE OF SEX AND THE GUT MICROBIOTA ON VISCERAL PAIN SENSITIVITY IN MICE (2020)

Abstract Background Abdominal pain is a common complaint in patients with chronic gastrointestinal disorders. Its treatment is of limited efficacy as the pathophysiology is largely unknown. Accumulating evidence suggests that gut microbiota is an important determinant of gut function, including visceral sensitivity. Germ-free (GF) mice have been shown to have altered pain signaling, which normalizes after colonization. Sex also appears to play a key role in visceral sensitivity, as abdominal pain is diagnosed predominantly in female patients. Thus, both gut bacteria and sex are important in the regulation of gut nociception, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Aims To investigate the role of gut microbiota and sex in abdominal pain. Methods We used primary cultures of sensory neurons from dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of female and male conventional mice (SPF) or germ-free (GF) mice, age 7–18 weeks. To study the visceral afferent activity in vitro, calcium mobilization in DRG sensory neurons was measured by inverted fluorescence microscope using a fluorescent calcium probe Fluo-4 (1mM). Two parameters were considered: i) percentage of responding neurons and ii) intensity of neuronal response. First, DRG sensory neurons were stimulated by a TRPV1 agonist capsaicin (12.5nM, 125nM and 1.25µM) or by an agonist mix of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR: bradykinin, histamine and serotonin; 1µM, 10µM and 100µM). We next cultured Escherichia coli JM83 (E. coli) and Enterobacter aerogenes (E. aer) overnight in LB and LDMIIG medium, respectively. Bacterial supernatant of 1010 CFU/mL was diluted to 1% in Krebs Ringer solution to treat DRG neurons from GF/SPF mice and calcium mobilization was measured. Results The percentage of neurons responding to capsaicin and GPCR agonist was similar in SPF male and SPF female. In contrast, the intensity of the neuronal response was higher in SPF male compared to SPF female mice in response to capsaicin (125nM p&amp;lt;0.035 and 1.25µM p&amp;lt;0.038) but not in response to GPCR. The same trend was observed in GF mice. Neuronal activation induced by capsaicin or GPCR agonist was similar in SPF and GF mice. While bacterial supernatant from E. coli did not affect the activity of sensory neurons, the bacterial supernatant from E. aer induced changes in calcium mobilization in DRG neurons. Conclusions Our data suggest that at the level of DRG neurons from healthy mice, female sex and the absence of gut microbiota do not predispose to visceral hypersensitivity. In fact, the intensity of neuronal responses to capsaicin appear to be higher in DRGs from male mice. Furthermore, we show that metabolites from certain bacteria can activate sensory neurons. Thus, further studies are needed to investigate the role of gut microbiota and sex in visceral sensitivity Funding Agencies CIHR
Channel as seen by an Argo float: Study from Arabian Sea (2013)

The salinity-temperature profile data from one of the Argos float (ID: 2901374) in the Arabian Sea has been analyzed from June 2010 to March 2012 in this study. A major part of this study is to investigate the variable characteristics of underwater acoustic communication channel for long periods in the area where this float has gathered the data. We have many measured salinity, temperature, and depth profiles along the trajectory of the float. From this measured data, sound speed profiles at different locations, months, and seasons can be calculated using sound speed equations. The latitude span starts from 19.7° and goes to 24.3° whereas longitude span starts from 58.7° to goes to 64.8° approximately. A ray theory based modeling tool has been used to predict the parameters like multipath extent and delay spread which are useful for channel characterization of the acoustic wireless communication. In this way, use of actual and recent ocean data can be used in performance prediction of acoustic communication system.
Measurement of optical fiber diameter using the fast Fourier transform (1980)

The variation of the fringe spacing of the far zone scattered intensity of an illuminated optical fiber has been plotted vs the scattering angle, theoretically and experimentally. A method for measuring fiber diameters by taking the Fourier transform of the scattering intensity is described. Theoretical and experimental resultshave been compared at various angles for different fiber diameters.
Evaluation of Transformer Insulation by Frequency Domain Technique (2007)

Measurements of Dielectric Response in Frequency domain is being employed for assessing the condition of the paper-oil insulation system in Transformers. The laboratory measurements were carried out on Models based on simple Transformer insulation system. The dependence of frequency, temperature, voltage and ageing of the insulation system on the spectral behaviour of dielectric responses are discussed. The paper also presents correlation and comparison of the laboratory results, to the measurements performed on in-service Power Transformers. The healthiness of the insulation system of the in-service Transformers were evaluated and recommendations were made to improve the condition of the insulation system to extend the service life of the Transformers.
Telemetry as a Method for Measuring the Impact of Housing Conditions on Rats' Welfare (2003)

Abstract Various tools have been developed over previous years to study the welfare of laboratory animals. These include preference tests, which are commonly used to evaluate housing environments. Preference tests, however, have some pitfalls: they supply information only on the animals’ present preferences, and they allow the animal the choice only between the options offered. Other methods based upon the collection of clinico-chemical data require handling of the animals, which can be stressful in itself. An alternative may be to use telemetry to measure the changes in physiological parameters caused by different environmental conditions. The aim of this study was to use telemetry to evaluate the short-term impact of housing conditions on rodents. We monitored heart rate, blood pressure and body temperature in rats kept on three different types of flooring — bedding, grid floors and plastic floors. The study revealed significant differences in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate and body temperature between rats housed in the three conditions, indicating that both grid floors and plastic floors are more stressful for the animals than bedding. The observed differences did not diminish over the two-week observation period. The grid-floor housing induced elevations in blood pressure and heart rate. Blood pressure remained elevated even when the animals were returned to standard bedding, whereas the heart rate declined back to its original value immediately in response to this shift. This study shows that telemetry is a very effective tool but that it needs integrating with other methods: in addition, a greater understanding of the biological significance of the changes in cardiovascular parameters is required before the hypothesis that these changes represent an indication of distress can be accepted.
Biomarkers in acute kidney injury – pathophysiological basis and clinical performance (2016)

Various biomarkers of acute kidney injury (AKI) have been discovered and characterized in the recent past. These molecules can be detected in urine or blood and signify structural damage to the kidney. Clinically, they are proposed as adjunct diagnostics to serum creatinine and urinary output to improve the early detection, differential diagnosis and prognostic assessment of AKI. The most obvious requirements for a biomarker include its reflection of the underlying pathophysiology of the disease. Hence, a biomarker of AKI should derive from the injured kidney and reflect a molecular process intimately connected with tissue injury. Here, we provide an overview of the basic pathophysiology, the cellular sources and the clinical performance of the most important currently proposed biomarkers of AKI: neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP), interleukin-18 (IL-18), insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 (IGFBP7), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP-2) and calprotectin (S100A8/9). We also acknowledge each biomarker's advantages and disadvantages as well as important knowledge gaps and perspectives for future studies.
Reagentless Determination of Human Serum Components Using Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy (2003)

Simultaneous determination of concentrations for four major components in human blood serum was investigated using a Fourier-transform mid-infrared spectroscopy. Infrared spectra of human blood serum were measured in 8.404 ∼ 10.25 <TEX>${\mu}m$</TEX> range where the highest absorption peaks of glucose are located. A partial least square (PLS) algorithm was utilized to establish a calibration model for determining total protein, albumin, globulin and glucose levels which are commonly measured metabolites. The standard error of cross validation obtained from our multivariate calibration model was 0.24 g/dL for total protein, 0.15 g/dL for albumin, 0.17 g/dL for globulin, and 6.68 mg/dL for glucose, which are comparable with or meet the criteria for clinical use. The results indicate that the infrared absorption spectroscopy can be used to predict the concentrations of clinically important metabolites without going through a chemical process with a reagent.
ChemInform Abstract: Water‐Soluble Calixarene Salts. A Class of Compounds with Solid‐State Structures Resembling Those of Clays (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Scottish Politics 1567–1625 (1973)

in 1599 seven copies of Basilikon Doron, James VI’s account of kingship, were privately printed and given to his wife and son and to ‘some of my trustiest servants’, who included, at first sight surprisingly, the earls of Huntly, Erroll and Angus, those earls who had had a long run of defiance of the Crown in the late 1580s and early 1590s. What they thought, if they read it, of James’s condemnation of the Scottish nobility’s ‘natural sickness, that I have perceived … a feckless arrogant conceit of their greatness and power’1 can only be guessed at. What is certain is that this judgement of them has been subsequently endorsed by historians of James’s reign. James himself has been given credit for bringing to an end, before he left Scotland in 1603, the long struggle for control by the monarchy over a nobility which had for at least two centuries enjoyed too much power. He had, it is claimed, succeeded in curbing their political dominance, thereby ensuring the authority of the Crown; and apparently to give theoretical justification for his position, he had introduced, when he wrote the Trew Law of Free Monarchies and Basilikon Dor on in the late 1590s, a concept of monarchy which was totally new to Scotland, based on the theory that kings were answerable to God alone and not to their people. In terms of secular politics therefore the major issue of the reign is the place of the magnates in Scottish political life and their relationship with the Crown.
Food Interaction of Oral Uptake of Iron (2011)

In both subjects with and without iron deficiency treated with IPC the relative iron incorporation in erythrocytes increased in case of a concomitant administration of an enhancer. Furthermore, the 59Fe uptake in erythrocytes was higher in subjects with iron deficiency compared to normal subjects, except when IPC was administered during fasting conditions.
Smart Micromachined Ultrasonic Probe with advanced imaging performances (2008)

Generation of acoustic waves though capacitive effect is known for a long time. In the mid 90s, the very first demonstrators of electrostatic ultrasonic transducers were disclosed by B. Khuri-Yakub (Stanford University) and Siemens, and have been called CMUT standing for “Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers”. This was followed during the last ten years by a ramp-up of scientific and research and development activities through large increase of scientific articles and patents. Since CMUT devices are based on independently functional small membranes (few hundred of micrometer(exp 2)), flexibility of topology and surface design are provided accordingly. Other advantage relating to these characteristics is that membrane surface and thickness govern directly the command voltage necessary for the vibration of membrane. Such high dielectric field combined with highly damped membrane in immersion operation, induced high electromechanical coupling coefficient and broad bandwidth response compatible with high resolution ultrasound imaging. The basic building block for a CMUT elementary cell is basically a capacitor with a free metallized membrane suspended over a fix bottom electrode. When a DC voltage (VDC) is applied to the parallel gap capacitor (membrane/cavity cell), an electrostatic force occurs between the opposite electrodes and causes deflection of the membrane – which presents a limit known as collapse. At this stage, if an alternative impulse (VAC) is added, the membrane will vibrate accordingly and then, generation of acoustic pressure is possible. Reversely, when a DC biased membrane is facing acoustic pressure impact, the output current due to capacitance variations is measured and the membrane is then operated as acoustic receptor. According to the above principle, the combination of a large number of elementary membranes connected together will form a transducing surface. There are typically hundreds of membranes on the surface of Megahertz range transducer element.
Static terahertz imaging at a distance for concealed weapon detection (2007)

Using a high-powered pulsed terahertz source and electro-optic detection, a method for and examples of static THz imaging of targets at a distance of greater than 3 meters (no THz component is closer than 3 m from the target) are presented. The THz signal in all 200 times 200 pixels of an image are collected simultaneously to generate THz imagery of targets over the 0.3 THz to 2.0 THz frequency range. The field of view, restricted by a simple single lens optical system, is approximately 10 cm across with sub-millimeter spatial resolution. This capability demonstrates the viability of static electro-optic THz imaging without the need to raster-scan a scene to generate an image.
Finding latent performance bugs in systems implementations (2010)

Robust distributed systems commonly employ high-level recovery mechanisms enabling the system to recover from a wide variety of problematic environmental conditions such as node failures, packet drops and link disconnections. Unfortunately, these recovery mechanisms also effectively mask additional serious design and implementation errors, disguising them as latent performance bugs that severely degrade end-to-end system performance. These bugs typically go unnoticed due to the challenge of distinguishing between a bug and an intermittent environmental condition that must be tolerated by the system. We present techniques that can automatically pinpoint latent performance bugs in systems implementations, in the spirit of recent advances in model checking by systematic state space exploration. The techniques proceed by automating the process of conducting random simulations, identifying performance anomalies, and analyzing anomalous executions to pinpoint the circumstances leading to performance degradation.
Improvement of Clinical Algorithms for the Diagnosis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis by the Use of Gram-Stained Smears Among Female Sex Workers in Accra, Ghana (2000)

In the algorithms, examination of Gram-stained genital smears in female sex workers without clinical signs of cervicitis improved sensitivity without altering specificity for the diagnosis of cervical infection.
<title>Pixons and Bayesian image reconstruction</title> (1994)

Due to noise processes and resolution limitations, the act of measurement of a particular physical quantity or quantities, Q, leads to a data set which only crudely describes the quantities of interest. Quite naturally, scientists have developed a number of methods which attempt to optimally extract the values, H (or hypothesis), of these underlying quantities from these flawed data sets. This paper describes the theory of the pixon, the fundamental unit of information in a recorded data set. Describing the data in this representation (co-ordinate system of basis) provides an efficient means of extracting the underlying properties. The advantages provided by the pixon description can be understood in terms of Bayesian methods where the pixon basis forms a model with a highly optimized prior. We also show the connection between the pixon concept and Algorithmic Information Content and how pixons can be thought of as a generalization of the Akaike Information Criterion. In addition, the relationship between pixons and 'coarse graining' and the consequences of measurement uncertainty are related to the role of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle in introducing degeneracy in the phase space description of statistical mechanics. Finally, we describe our most current formulation of the Fractal Pixon Basis (FPB) and supply examples of image restoration and reconstruction drawn from the field of astronomical imaging.
Securing Untrusted Full-Duplex Relay Channels in the Presence of Multiple External Cluster-Based Eavesdroppers (2018)

This letter investigates the physical layer security in a wireless cooperative network where communication is assisted by a full-duplex (FD) untrusted relay in the presence of multiple external eavesdroppers. A cluster-based colluding eavesdropping setting is considered, where illegitimate nodes with common interests are grouped in a cluster. In order to confuse the different eavesdropping clusters, we consider artificial-noise-aided beamforming at the source node. Moreover, FD relay jamming is adopted to improve the system's security. To maintain secure communications against the untrusted relay node, a FD destination jamming scheme is adopted. Our proposed scheme is designed based on the channel state information of the legitimate nodes only. Numerical results show that the optimal power allocation factor between data and artificial noise depends on the total number of antennas of the different colluding eavesdropping clusters.
Detection of Robocall and Spam Calls using Acoustic Features of Incoming Voicemails (2021)

Spam communications are organized attempts mainly aimed at marketing, at spreading false information or deceiving the end recipient. Prerecorded messages called Robocalls are increasing every year, striking US residents with 46 billion calls in 2020. Carrier and telecommunication regulators have automated systems in place, that identify unwanted calls using Call Detail Records, which include call origin or call duration information, but the actual audio content is often overlooked. We propose an audio-based spam call detection method that uses acoustic features of recorded voicemails to identify Human calls from Robocalls, and to identify Spam calls from Non-Spam calls for human callers. Results show that voiced and unvoiced audio content carry sufficient discriminatory information to distinguish between Human and Robocall, but also between Spam and Non-Spam calls. Distinguishing between Human calls and Robocalls achieved 93% accuracy, compared to Spam vs Non-Spam achieving 83% accuracy. We expect that our automated approach can serve as an auxiliary tool, in combination with other call behavior statistics, to reduce the frequency of unwanted calls or fraudulent incidents.
Subunit organization in the Dam1 kinetochore complex and its ring around microtubules (2011)

All eukaryotic cells must segregate their chromosomes equally between two daughter cells at each division. This process needs to be robust, as errors in the form of loss or gain of genetic material have catastrophic effects on viability. Chromosomes are captured, aligned, and segregated to daughter cells via interaction with spindle microtubules mediated by the kinetochore. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae one microtubule attaches to each kinetochore, requiring extreme processivity from this single connection. The yeast Dam1 complex, an essential component of the outer kinetochore, forms rings around microtubules and in vitro recapitulates much of the functionality of a kinetochore-microtubule attachment. To understand the mechanism of the Dam1 complex at the kinetochore, we must know how it binds to microtubules, how it assembles into rings, and how assembly is regulated. We used electron microscopy to map several subunits within the structure of the Dam1 complex and identify the organization of Dam1 complexes within the ring. Of importance, new data strongly support a more passive role for the microtubule in Dam1 ring formation. Integrating this information with previously published data, we generated a structural model for the Dam1 complex assembly that advances our understanding of its function and will direct future experiments.
HMM-fuzzy model for breast cancer diagnosis (2006)

This paper presents a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) based fuzzy model for breast cancer recognition and classification. The feasibility of using HMM for generating a minimum number of fuzzy rules for a given problem has been introduced in a recent study. In this study, we apply this new approach to investigate whether or not it can differentiate effectively the two important breast cancer types: benign and malignant. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have been proposed to improve the diagnosis of breast cancers. Fuzzy logics have the advantage compared to the ANNs in that it (Fuzzy model) is interpretable and can represent the solution of a problem with reduced computational complexity. In this paper, we demonstrate the suitability on the use of fuzzy model over ANNs for breast cancer diagnosis, as the model was able to provide a comparable classification performance (accuracy) with reduced complexity.