gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanical properties and heat resistance of stereocomplex polylactide/copolyester blend films prepared by in situ melt blending followed with compression molding (2018)

This work focuses on the process to obtain high heat-resistant stereocomplex polylactide (scPLA)/copolyester blend films by <i>in situ</i> melt blending of high molecular-weight poly(L-lactide) (PLLA), low molecular-weight poly(D-lactide) (PDLA) and copolyester followed with compression molding. A copolyester of poly(ε-caprolactone-<i>co</i>-L-lactide) was used as a film former. Stereocomplexation, mechanical properties and heat resistance of the scPLA/copolyester blend films were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), tensile testing and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), respectively. The PDLA fractions enhanced stereocomplexation and heat resistance of the blend films while the copolyester fraction reduced film brittleness. Dimensional stability to heat of blend films was also determined and was accorded to their DMA results. It was concluded that the high heat-resistant and less brittle scPLA films could be prepared using 70/30 (w/w) PLLA/PDLA with 20 wt% copolyester through melt blending before compression molding. This film showed similar stress at break and heat resistance to those of polypropylene film but with lower strain at break.
Long term corrosion of aluminium materials of heritage: analysis and diagnosis of aeronautic collection (2010)

The large use of aluminium alloys for the twentieth century induces that numerous components and objects in aluminium are registered in many collections in museums or are classified as historic buildings. In collaboration with the Air and Space Museum at Le Bourget (France), the objective of the authors' work was to identify and study the different processes of corrosion of Al alloys occurring in the aircrafts collection from 1930 to now. Chemical and metallographic analyses allowed the identification of various alloys used in different aircrafts. The long-term corrosion products are mainly constituted by amorphous Al(OH)3. The corrosion behaviour of the complex systems 'alloys/corrosion layer' was evaluated by electrochemical measurements. The results show that thick corrosion layers have a poor influence on the corrosion rate of the metallic substrate. On the other hand, the presence of painting residues with corrosion products is beneficial for the conservation because of the presence of mineral inhibiting compounds.
Thyroid fine needle aspiration cytology: a review of the National Cancer Institute state of the science symposium (2010)

In October 2007, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) of the United States sponsored a conference reviewing the state of the science of thyroid fine needle aspiration (FNA). Multiple issues were reviewed including pre-FNA requirements, training specifications, criteria for the selection of patients to undergo FNA, diagnostic categories and criteria, ancillary testing and post-FNA follow-up and treatment options. A summation of conclusions covering three of these topics, followed by a question and answer session, was subsequently presented at the 35th European Congress of Cytology (ECC) in Lisbon, Portugal in September of 2009. At the ECC, the findings of the NCI committee proposals regarding the indications for FNA of thyroid nodules, diagnostic categories and criteria, and post-FNA options for follow-up and treatment were discussed. Herein we review the presentations given at that conference.
Abstract 10265: Association of Myocardial Mechanical Markers of Extracellular Volume Expansion With Heart Failure and All-Cause Mortality: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (2022)

Introduction: Characteristic myocardial deformation indices have been proposed to be associated with extracellular volume (ECV) expansion and differentiate cardiac pathologies that induce cardiac remodeling. Hypothesis: Our hypothesis was that such mechanical markers are associated with (1) pathologic ECV expansion and cardiac remodeling and (2) clinical outcomes of heart failure and mortality. Methods: Our analysis included 2778 participants who underwent cardiac MRI at the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis Exam 5 (2010-2012). The following deformation indices were calculated: relative apical strain ratio (RAS), septal apical basal ratio (SAB) and ejection fraction circumferential strain ratios (EFSR). We used linear regression to analyze the associations of these deformation indices with cardiac remodeling and ECV expansion. We used Cox proportional models to investigate the associations of mechanical deformation indices with incident HF and all-cause mortality. Results: The mean (SD) age of the cohort at Exam 5 was 69.1 (9.3) years; 53% were female. MRI tagging and T1 mapping analyses showed that higher levels of EFSR were associated with 0.2% greater ECV and 4.4ms higher native T1. In addition, EFSR was associated with 3.59ml lower LV end-diastolic volume, 1.98g higher LV mass and 0.13 ⃘ higher torsion. EFSR was associated with greater LA volume, decreased total emptying fraction and reduced maximal strain (Table 1). During a follow-up period of 7.5 years (Figure 1), there were 101 incident heart failure events, and 228 all-cause deaths. In the multivariable cox regression analysis, hazard ratios (95% CI) of incident HF and all-cause mortality for each unit increase of EFSR were 1.36 (1.04,1.78) and 1.31 (1.05,1.64) (Table 2), respectively. Conclusion: Mechanical markers of extracellular expansion are associated with adverse cardiac remodeling, incident HF and all-cause mortality.
Measurement of Dynamic Crack Tip Displacement Field by Speckle Photography and Interferometry (1992)

Measurement of Dynamic Crack Tip Displacement Field by Speckle Photography and Interferometry
Synthesis of biocompatible BSA-GMA and two-photon polymerization of 3D hydrogels with free radical type I photoinitiator (2023)

Although the development of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology is growing rapidly in the biomedical field, it remains a challenge to achieve arbitrary 3D structures with high resolution and high efficiency. Protein hydrogels fabricated by two- photon polymerization (TPP) have excellent mechanical properties, high precision, and 3D architecture. However, a large number of the amino acid group in bovine serum albumin (BSA) would be consumed when the protein-based hydrogels use dyes of free radical type II photoinitiators. In this study, we use glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) to modify BSA molecules to obtain a series of BSA-GMA materials, allowing the protein material to be two-photon polymerized with a water-soluble free radical type I photoinitiator. The precisely controllable 3D structure of the BSA-GMA hydrogel was fabricated by adjusting the concentration of the precursor solution, the degree of methacrylation, and the processing parameters of the TPP technique. Importantly, BSA-GMA materials are free of acidic hazardous substances. Meanwhile, the water-soluble initiator lithium phenyl (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) phosphite (LAP) allows TPP on the vinyl group of the GMA chain and thus without consuming its amino acid group. The as-prepared BSA-GMA hydrogel structure exhibits excellent autofluorescence imaging, pH responsiveness, and biocompatibility, which would provide new avenues for potential applications in tissue engineering and biomedical fields to meet specific biological requirements.
Heparin‐Derived Theranostic Nanoprobes Overcome the Blood–Brain Barrier and Target Glioma in Murine Model (2022)

Abstract The poor permeability of theranostic agents across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) significantly hampers the development of new treatment modalities for neurological diseases. A new biomimetic nanocarrier is discovered using heparin (HP) that effectively passes the BBB and targets glioblastoma. Specifically, HP‐coated gold nanoparticles (HP‐AuNPs) are designed that are labeled with three different imaging modalities namely, fluorescein (FITC‐HP‐AuNP), radioisotope 68 Gallium ( 68 Ga‐HP‐AuNPs), and MRI active gadolinium (Gd‐HP‐AuNPs). The systemic infusion of FITC‐HP‐AuNPs in three different mouse strains (C57BL/6JRj, FVB, and NMRI‐nude) displays excellent penetration and reveals uniform distribution of fluorescent particles in the brain parenchyma (69–86%) with some accumulation in neurons (8–18%) and microglia (4–10%). Tail‐vein administration of radiolabeled 68 Ga‐HP‐AuNPs in healthy rats also show 68 Ga‐HP‐AuNP inside the brain parenchyma and in areas containing cerebrospinal fluid, such as the lateral ventricles, the cerebellum, and brain stem. Finally, tail‐vein administration of Gd‐HP‐AuNPs (that displays ≈threefold higher relaxivity than that of commercial Gd‐DTPA) in an orthotopic glioblastoma (U87MG xenograft) model in nude mice demonstrates enrichment of T1‐contrast at the intracranial tumor with a gradual increase in the contrast in the tumor region between 1 and 3 h. It is believed, the finding offers the untapped potential of HP‐derived‐NPs to deliver cargo molecules for treating neurological disorders.
Mechanics of particle adhesion (1994)

The adhesion of particles to surfaces is accompanied by deformations of the materials arising from adhesion force-induced stresses. These deformations, which can be the result of an elastic, a nonlinear elastic, a viscoelastic, or a plastic response of the materials to the stresses, can significantly affect the forces needed to remove the particles from the substrate. The mechanics of adhesion-induced deformations between micrometer-size particles and various substrates are discussed in this paper. Examples of elastic and plastic deformations resulting from the adhesion forces are presented. The experimental results are analyzed in terms of various adhesion theories, which, under certain circumstances, permit the calculation of the thermodynamic work of adhesion for contacting solids. The ranges of validity of these theories and their predictions are discussed. Finally, adhesion-induced deformations which are not currently explicable in terms of these theories are presented.
Hollow Au–Cu2O Core–Shell Nanoparticles with Geometry-Dependent Optical Properties as Efficient Plasmonic Photocatalysts under Visible Light (2016)

Hollow Au-Cu2O core-shell nanoparticles were synthesized by using hollow gold nanoparticles (HGNs) as the plasmon-tailorable cores to direct epitaxial growth of Cu2O nanoshells. The effective geometry control of hollow Au-Cu2O core-shell nanoparticles was achieved through adjusting the HGN core sizes, Cu2O shell thicknesses, and morphologies related to structure-directing agents. The morphology-dependent plasmonic band red-shifts across the visible and near-infrared spectral regions were observed from experimental extinction spectra and theoretical simulation based on the finite-difference time-domain method. Moreover, the hollow Au-Cu2O core-shell nanoparticles with synergistic optical properties exhibited higher photocatalytic performance in the photodegradation of methyl orange when compared to pristine Cu2O and solid Au-Cu2O core-shell nanoparticles under visible-light irradiation due to the efficient photoinduced charge separation, which could mainly be attributed to the Schottky barrier and plasmon-induced resonant energy transfer. Such optical tunability achieved through the hollow cores and structure-directed shells is of benefit to the performance optimization of metal-semiconductor nanoparticles for photonic, electronic, and photocatalytic applications.
Is the Clock Face an Accurate, Precise, and Reliable Measuring Tool for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction? (2014)

Considering the borderline performance of the clock face in accuracy and poor precision, we recommend against using the clock face in ACL reconstruction.
Adaptation from fixed weight dynamic networks (2002)

A characteristic often attributed to intelligent systems is adaptive behavior. For the purposes of this paper, we define adaptation as a system's ability to recognize change through its sensed inputs and to appropriately adjust its behavior in response to the perceived change. This paper explores the notion that a time-lagged recurrent network architecture can be made to exhibit adaptive behavior after network training has been completed, i.e., to exhibit adaptation after its weights have been fixed and without any external mechanism to control its behavior.
Unconventional Completions: Which one is Right for Your Application? (2013)

Abstract In the last five years North America has changed the oil and gas markets by using horizontal drilling and multistage hydraulic fracturing to unlock the hydrocarbons in low-permeability reservoirs. This unexpected increase in natural gas production over a short period of time in the US has led to extremely low prices due to over-supplying the market. There are indications that the US will become an exporter of natural gas, rather than an importer, as originally planned. These plays require new technologies that enable reservoir characterization, horizontal drilling, multistage completions, and multistage hydraulic fracturing. All these technologies have evolved at a very rapid pace and continue to do so. This paper will focus on the completion technologies. Three completion techniques have emerged as the most effective and efficient in these types of formations; plug-and-perf, ball-activated completions, and coiled tubing-activated completions. The plug-and-perf technique is cemented in place and uses composite bridge plugs and perforations to isolate and divert the fracture to the correct stage. Ball-activated completions use openhole packers to isolate the annulus and ball-activated fracture (frac) sleeves to divert the fracture to the intended stage. Coiled tubing-activated completions use cement to isolate the annulus, and coiled tubing-activated sleeves or perforations to divert the frac fluid. Each completion technique has benefits and considerations. The primary purpose of this paper is to give an overview of these completion types, discuss the benefits and considerations, and how they compare in different applications from an operations point of view. The secondary purpose of this paper is to discuss how drilling, completion, and fracturing can greatly affect each other and create limitations if these processes do not collaborate.
The ConSurf-DB: pre-calculated evolutionary conservation profiles of protein structures (2008)

ConSurf-DB is a repository for evolutionary conservation analysis of the proteins of known structures in the Protein Data Bank (PDB). Sequence homologues of each of the PDB entries were collected and aligned using standard methods. The evolutionary conservation of each amino acid position in the alignment was calculated using the Rate4Site algorithm, implemented in the ConSurf web server. The algorithm takes into account the phylogenetic relations between the aligned proteins and the stochastic nature of the evolutionary process explicitly. Rate4Site assigns a conservation level for each position in the multiple sequence alignment using an empirical Bayesian inference. Visual inspection of the conservation patterns on the 3D structure often enables the identification of key residues that comprise the functionally important regions of the protein. The repository is updated with the latest PDB entries on a monthly basis and will be rebuilt annually. ConSurf-DB is available online at http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/
Thyroid Hormone Status and Health-Related Quality of Life in the LifeLines Cohort Study (2013)

In this population-based study, HR-QOL scores of subjects with suppressed TSH values or markedly elevated TSH values were generally not significantly lower than those of subjects with normal or mildly elevated TSH values.
Connecting water correlations, fluctuations, and wetting phenomena at\n hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces (2014)

We use molecular simulations to demonstrate the connection between transverse\nwater-water correlations and wetting phenomena for a range of hydrophobic to\nhydrophilic solid surfaces.Near superhydrophobic surfaces, the correlations are\nlong ranged, system spanning, and are well described by the capillary wave\ntheory. With increasing surface-water attractions, the correlations are\nquenched. At the critical attraction at which long range correlations\ndisappear, the density profile normal to the surface changes from sigmoidal to\nlayered, and the fluid begins to wet the surface. This behavior is displayed by\nboth water and a Lennard-Jones fluid, highlighting the universality of the\nunderlying physics.\n
Identification of Molecules Involved in the Vulture Immune Sensing of Pathogens by Molecular Cloning (2011)

Identification of Molecules Involved in the Vulture Immune Sensing of Pathogens by Molecular Cloning
New Methods for the Synthesis of 3-Substituted 1-Indanones : A Palladium-Catalyzed Approach (2005)

In medicinal chemistry, there is a constant need for new preparative methods, both to make the synthesis process more effective, and to increase the accessibility to a wide variety of compounds. A number of different approaches can be used to attain these goals. Transition metal catalysis is generally performed under mild conditions, providing both regio- and chemoselective reactions. Thus, it offers an attractive means of preparation of complex drug candidates. Two additional methodologies used to increase the preparative efficiency are one-pot protocols and controlled microwave heating. One-pot and multi-component reactions are less time consuming than step-by-step reactions, and microwave heating has been used to considerably shorten the reaction times. This thesis describes a new palladium-catalyzed, one-pot reaction producing racemic acetal-protected 3-hydroxy-1-indanones from ethylene glycol vinyl ether and triflates of salicylic aldehydes. The triflates were prepared using controlled microwave heating. The reaction sequence starts with a regioselective internal Heck coupling, followed by an annulation cascade. By including secondary amines in the reaction mixture, the reaction was further developed into a three-component reaction delivering racemic acetal-protected 3-amino-1-indanones. This new method was utilized for the synthesis of primary, secondary and tertiary aminoindanones. Finally, by using enantiopure t-butyl sulfinyl imines, derived from salicylic aldehyde triflates and ethylene glycol vinyl ether as starting materials in a closely related type of palladium coupling–annulation sequence, a stereoselective protocol providing enantiomerically pure 3-amino-1-indanones was developed. To demonstrate an application in medicinal chemistry, the enantiopure 3-amino-1-indanones were incorporated as P2 and/or P2´ substituents into active HIV-1 protease inhibitors.
Acylated Ascorbate Stimulates Collagen Synthesis in Cultured Human Foreskin Fibroblasts at Lower Doses than does Ascorbic Acid (1998)

Acylated derivatives of ascorbic acid were found to be active in a number of biochemical and physiological processes. In the present study we investigated the effects of 6-O-palmitoyl ascorbate on collagen synthesis by cultured foreskin human fibroblasts. Our observations indicate a marked stimulatory effect on collagen synthesis by 6-O-palmitoyl ascorbate in the concentration range of 5-20 microM, while the synthesis stimulated by ascorbic acid was maximal at concentrations of 20-100 microM. Cells treated with 10 microM palmitoyl ascorbate for 36 h exhibited a production of collagen threefold greater than those in the presence of 10 microM ascorbic acid, and it was about the same as in cells treated with 100 microM ascorbic acid. By 48 h differences were not significant. Acylated ascorbate impaired vitality of the treated fibroblasts at concentrations exceeding 20 microM in media supplemented with 0.5% FCS. However, most of the cytotoxic effect was neutralized by FCS at a concentration of 10%. The resistance of acylated ascorbate against oxidative degradation as well as the role of free radicals in the modulation of collagen synthesis by ascorbic acid and by its derivatives is discussed.
High-Energy-Low-Temperature Technologies for the Synthesis of Nanoparticles: Microwaves and High Pressure (2014)

Microwave Solvothermal Synthesis (MSS) is a chemical technology, where apart from possible effects of microwaves on the chemical reaction paths, microwave heating allows the precise planning of a time-temperature schedule, as well as to achieve high super-saturation of the reagents uniformly in the reactor vessel. Thus, MSS is suitable for production of nanoparticles with small grain size distribution and a high degree of crystallinity. A further advantage of the technology is a much lower synthesis temperature than for gas phase, plasma or sol-gel technologies. New reactors have been developed to exploit these advantages of the MSS technology of nanoparticles synthesis and to scale up the production rate. Reactor design and realization has been shown to be decisive and critical for the control of the MSS technology. Examples of oxidic and phosphatic nanoparticles synthesis have been reported.
A generalisation of Miller's algorithm and applications to pairing computations on abelian varieties. (2013)

In this paper, we use the theory of theta functions to generalize to all abelian varieties the usual Miller’s algorithm to compute a function associated to a principal divisor. We also explain how to use the Frobenius morphism on abelian varieties defined over a finite field in order to shorten the loop of the Weil and Tate pairings algorithms. This extend preceding results about ate and twisted ate pairings to all abelian varieties. Then building upon the two preceding ingredients, we obtain a variant of optimal pairings on abelian varieties. Finally, by introducing new addition formulas, we explain how to compute optimal pairings on Kummer varieties. We compare in term of performance the resulting algorithms to the algorithms already known in the genus one and two case.
A highly sensitive bioassay for PTH using ROS 17/2.8 subclonal cells (1987)

Abstract. A highly sensitive bioassay for PTH was developed by using rat osteosarcoma cells (ROS 17/2.8). By limiting dilution, ROS cells were subcloned and the subclonal cell line (ROS 17/2.8–5) most responsive to PTH was selected. When subconfluent ROS 17/2.8–5 cells were treated with hydrocortisone for 3 days and then incubated with PTH, the cAMP response was significant at 10–40 ng/l hPTH (1–34) (4 ∼ 16 × 10 −12 mol/l). Osteoclast activating factors such as human interleukin I alpha and beta, and tumour necrosis factor alpha did not stimulate cAMP production, whereas a conditioned medium of oesophageal carcinoma cells established from a patient with humoral hypercalcaemia stimulated cAMP production. By selecting PTH-responsive subclonal cells and treating them with hydrocortisone, the sensitivity for detecting PTH was improved approximately 15 times. This method will be useful in the characterization and purification of PTH-like factors produced by malignant tumours from hypercalcaemic patients.
Limits to the mechanization of the detailing step paradigm (1988)

In this paper it is argued that complete formalization of design processes is impossible under the assumption of fully deterministic models of such design processes. It is argued that non-determinism is needed to allow the designer to come up with solutions for problems which could not have been derived from the initial assumptions using a deterministic problem solving method. Hence, views on the design process should be based on two principles: (1) the use of a formalism to enable a systematic capture and usage of design knowledge, and (2) the assumption of an underlying `noisy` mechanism.