gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of Lead-Free Piezoelectric Particle/Polymer Composites and Voltage Output due to Air-Flow/Temperature Change (2018)

With the appearance of the wearable devices and Internet of Things (IoT) sensors, energy harvesting devices are becoming more and more important. Energy harvesting is a process that captures unused ambient energy. We present the results of output voltage measurements in lead-free piezoelectric particle/polymer composites due to air-flow or temperature change. Barium titanate (BTO)/epoxy composite and potassium sodium niobate (KNN)/epoxy composite sheets were prepared. The composite specimens were polarized using either a parallel plate contact or contactless (corona) polarization technique. The output voltage was then measured for the composites due to air-flow and temperature changes. As the same time, the effect of polarization condition on the performance was discussed.
Restoration of Joint Inclination in Total Knee Arthroplasty Offers Little Improvement in Joint Kinematics in Neutrally Aligned Extremities (2021)

Kinematically aligned total knee replacements have been shown to better restore physiological kinematics than mechanical alignment and also offer good postoperative satisfaction. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the extent to which an inclined joint line in a kinematically aligned knee can alter the postoperative kinematics. A multi-body dynamic simulation was used to identify kinematic changes in the joint. To accurately compare mechanical alignment, kinematic alignment and a natural knee, a "standard" patient with neutral alignment of the lower extremities was selected for modeling from a joint database. The arthroplasty models in this study were implanted with a single conventional cruciate-retaining prosthesis. Each model was subjected to a flexion movement and the anteroposterior translation of the femoral condyles was collected for kinematic analysis. The results showed that the mechanical alignment model underwent typical paradoxical anterior translation of the femoral condyles. Incorporating an inclined joint line in the model did not prevent the paradoxical anterior translation, but a 3° varus joint line in the kinematic alignment model could reduce the peak value of this motion by about 1 mm. Moreover, the inclined joint line did not restore the motion curve back to within the range of the kinematic curve of the natural knee. The results of this study suggest that an inclined joint line, as in the kinematic alignment model, can slightly suppress paradoxical anterior translation of the femoral condyles, but cannot restore kinematic motions similar to the physiological knee. This finding implies that prostheses intended to be used for kinematic alignment should be designed to optimize knee kinematics with the intention of restoring a physiological motion curve.
Edge-preserving decompositions for multi-scale tone and detail manipulation (2008)

Many recent computational photography techniques decompose an image into a piecewise smooth base layer, containing large scale variations in intensity, and a residual detail layer capturing the smaller scale details in the image. In many of these applications, it is important to control the spatial scale of the extracted details, and it is often desirable to manipulate details at multiple scales, while avoiding visual artifacts. In this paper we introduce a new way to construct edge-preserving multi-scale image decompositions. We show that current basedetail decomposition techniques, based on the bilateral filter, are limited in their ability to extract detail at arbitrary scales. Instead, we advocate the use of an alternative edge-preserving smoothing operator, based on the weighted least squares optimization framework, which is particularly well suited for progressive coarsening of images and for multi-scale detail extraction. After describing this operator, we show how to use it to construct edge-preserving multi-scale decompositions, and compare it to the bilateral filter, as well as to other schemes. Finally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our edge-preserving decompositions in the context of LDR and HDR tone mapping, detail enhancement, and other applications.
A Phase II Study of Docetaxel in Patients with Relapsed and Refractory Ewing′s Tumours (2003)

Purpose. The prognosis for patients with Ewing's tumours who have metastases at presentation or who are refractory to standard chemotherapy regimens remains poor. There is therefore a need to evaluate the role of new agents. This report describes the initial results of a prospective phase II trial of docetaxel in patients with progressive or refractory Ewing's tumours.Patients and methods. Fourteen patients with Ewing's tumours who had all relapsed or progressed after treatment with multi-drug cytotoxic therapy were treated with docetaxel 100 mg/m(2) infused over 1 h, three weekly for a maximum of six cycles. Nine patients received granulocyte colony-stimulating factor with all cycles.Results. A partial response was observed in one patient and stable disease in two. The remaining patients progressed on treatment. The major toxicity was myelosuppression and infection with 36% patients experiencing grade 3 or 4 neutropenia and/or infection.Conclusion. Docetaxel appears to have some activity in Ewing's tumours even in heavily pre-treated patients. Further evaluation of its efficacy at an earlier stage of the disease is warranted.
ScientIST: Biomedical Engineering Experiments Supported by Mobile Devices, Cloud and IoT (2020)

Currently, mobile devices such as smartphones or tablets are widespread within the student community. However, their potential to be used in classrooms is yet to be fully explored. Our work proposes an approach that benefits from the ease of access to mobile devices, and combines it with state-of-the-art software and hardware. This approach builds upon previous developments from our team on biosignal acquisition and analysis, and is designed towards the enrichment of the teaching experience for students, namely in what concerns laboratory activities in the field of biomedical engineering. The implementation of such methodology aims at involving students more actively in the learning process, using case studies and emerging educational approaches such as project-based, active and research-based learning. It also provides an effective option for remote teaching, as recently required by the COVID-19 outbreak. In our approach (ScientIST) we explore the use of the Arduino MKR WIFI 1010, a variant of the popular electronic platform, recently launched for prototyping Internet of Things (IoT) applications, and the Google Science Journal (GSJ), a digital notebook created by Google, to support laboratory activities using mobile devices. This approach has shown promising results in two case studies, namely, documenting a Histology laboratory class and a Photoplethysmography (PPG) data acquisition and processing experiment. The System Usability Scale (SUS) was used in the evaluation of the students’ experience, revealing an overall score of 78.68%.
The Water Activities of MgCl2, Mg(NO3)2, MgSO4, and Their Mixtures (1999)

The water activities of aqueous MgCl 2, Mg(NO3)2, and MgSO solutions and their mixtures - MgCl 2-Mg(NO3)2 (mole ratio 3:1, 1:1, 1:3), MgCl 2-MgSO4 (1:1), Mg(NO3)2-MgSO4 (1:1), and MgCl 2-Mg(NO3)2-MgSO4 (1:1:1 and 1:1:5) - were measured at room temperature from dilute solution to high supersaturation using an electrodynamic balance. The experimental results are compared with the predictions of the Zdanovskii-Stokes-Robinson (ZSR) and the Kusik and Meissner (KM) equations. Both the ZSR and the KM equations can predict the water activities of these mixtures well with an acceptable error of less than +/- 0.02. The ZSR equation is superior to the KM equation as it can give predictions for a larger range of aw where single component bulk data are available. It is also slightly more accurate than the KM equation for this system. The average standard deviations of the difference between the data measured and the predictions of the ZSR and KM equations are 0.004 and 0.01, respectively. The ZSR equation is recommended for estimating the water activities of Mg salt solutions.
Synergistic Combinations of Penetration Enhancers and Their Discovery by High-Throughput Screening (2006)

Interaction of exogenous molecules with human skin has evoked continuous interest in the scientiﬁc community. The concept of topical drug administration on human skin has been prevalent since the rise of early human civilization. In the recent past, however, this concept has been extended beyond delivery of medicaments to localized skin areas. Human skin is now viewed as an interface for systemic delivery of therapeutic molecules. This route, the transdermal drug delivery route, offers several advantages compared to conventional modes of drug delivery such as needles and oral drug delivery. Transdermal delivery offers painless and sustained administration of systemic therapeutics while eliminating ﬁrst-pass hepatic metabolism and gastrointestinal degradation commonly associated with oral administration. The skin, which has evolved as a natural protective barrier of an organism, strictly regulates the transport of molecules in and out of the body. It is not surprising that most candidate therapeutics ﬁnd it difﬁcult to overcome this natural barrier to transport. Several physical and chemical methods have been studied to perturb or compromise the skin barrier to promote the ﬂux of therapeutics into or across the skin (1-5). The prime requirements of any such technique should be: sufﬁcient barrier disruption for optimal ﬂux and quick reversibility of physiological functions at the site of disruption after termination of the treatment. Iontophoresis (6-15), sonophoresis (16-24), electroporation (25-31), and microneedles (32-37) are some of the physical techniques used to compromise the barrier function of skin. Chemical penetration enhancers (CPEs) (38-47), liposomes (48-52), ethosomes (53-55), transferosomes (56,57), niosomes (58,59), and emulsions (60-63) are some of the chemical methods used for enhancing transdermal drug delivery.
Plasma etching for the compatibility of thin film metallic coatings and direct bonding of silicon pore optics (2020)

Silicon pore optics are a new type of high-performance x-ray optics designed to enable future space-borne x-ray observatories such as European Space Agency’s Athena. These optics will make it possible to build telescopes with effective areas of the order of a few square meters and angular resolutions better than 5 s of arc. During manufacturing of the optics, thin film metallic coatings are sputtered onto mirror plates to help achieve this large effective area. Then, these plates are stacked on top of each other using direct silicon bonding to achieve the shape of an approximate Wolter type-I telescope design. It is, therefore, necessary to verify the compatibility of the coating and bonding processes. We observe the unintentional removal of coatings on silicon pore optics plates after their wet chemical activation, a step required to make direct bonding possible. In this paper, we investigate plasma etching prior to thin film deposition as a solution to this problem. First, we ensure that plasma etching does not impact the low surface roughness required to achieve high imaging performance. Then, we demonstrate that plasma etching before thin film deposition prevents unintentional removal of the metallic coatings during the activation step, making coating deposition compatible with direct bonding of silicon pore optics plates.
Low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein‐1: a serial clearance homeostatic mechanism controlling Alzheimer’s amyloid β‐peptide elimination from the brain (2010)

Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1), a member of the low-density lipoprotein receptor family, has major roles in the cellular transport of cholesterol, endocytosis of 40 structurally diverse ligands, transcytosis of ligands across the blood-brain barrier, and transmembrane and nuclear signaling. Recent evidence indicates that LRP1 regulates brain and systemic clearance of Alzheimer's disease (AD) amyloid β-peptide (Aβ). According to the two-hit vascular hypothesis for AD, vascular damage precedes cerebrovascular and brain Aβ accumulation (hit 1) which then further amplifies neurovascular dysfunction (hit 2) preceding neurodegeneration. In this study, we discuss the roles of LRP1 during the hit 1 and hit 2 stage of AD pathogenesis and describe a three-level serial LRP1-dependent homeostatic control of Aβ clearance including (i) cell-surface LRP1 at the blood-brain barrier and cerebrovascular cells mediating brain-to-blood Aβ clearance (ii) circulating LRP1 providing a key endogenous peripheral 'sink' activity for plasma Aβ which prevents free Aβ access to the brain, and (iii) LRP1 in the liver mediating systemic Aβ clearance. Pitfalls in experimental Aβ brain clearance measurements with the concurrent use of peptides/proteins such as receptor-associated protein and aprotinin are also discussed. We suggest that LRP1 has a critical role in AD pathogenesis and is an important therapeutic target in AD.
ChemInform Abstract: Lariat Ethers: From Simple Sidearms to Supramolecular Systems (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Further advances in the design of 3-phase squirrel cage induction motors using an expert system (1989)

The authors describe a new approach to the design of squirrel cage induction motors using an expert system. A diagnostic process is proposed where the expert system is fed with a set of performance characteristics, and it diagnoses any faults within this. >
Near-Term Feasibility of Alternative Jet Fuels (2009)

Sponsored by the Federal Aviation Administration The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit research organization providing objective analysis and effective solutions that address the challenges facing the public and private sectors around the world. RAND’s publications do not necessarily ref lect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. R ® is a registered trademark. © Copyright 2009 RAND Corporation and Massachusetts Institute of Technology Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Copies may not be duplicated for commercial purposes. Both RAND and PARTNER documents are protected under copyright law. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit the R AND permissions page
Spectrum Sharing in Vehicular Networks Based on Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (2019)

This paper investigates the spectrum sharing problem in vehicular networks based on multi-agent reinforcement learning, where multiple vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) links reuse the frequency spectrum preoccupied by vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) links. Fast channel variations in high mobility vehicular environments preclude the possibility of collecting accurate instantaneous channel state information at the base station for centralized resource management. In response, we model the resource sharing as a multi-agent reinforcement learning problem, which is then solved using a fingerprint-based deep Q-network method that is amenable to a distributed implementation. The V2V links, each acting as an agent, collectively interact with the communication environment, receive distinctive observations yet a common reward, and learn to improve spectrum and power allocation through updating Q-networks using the gained experiences. We demonstrate that with a proper reward design and training mechanism, the multiple V2V agents successfully learn to cooperate in a distributed way to simultaneously improve the sum capacity of V2I links and payload delivery rate of V2V links.
THE EFFECTS OF HIGH INTENSITY EXERCISE ON MUSCLE AND PLASMA ALPHA-KETOISOCAPROIC ACID LEVELS (1983)

FIELDING, R. A.; EVANS, W. J.; MOLDAWER, L. L.; HUGHES, V. A.; BISTRIAN, B. R.; BLACKBURN, G. L. Author Information
Novel Mechanistic PBPK Model to Predict Renal Clearance in Varying Stages of CKD by Incorporating Tubular Adaptation and Dynamic Passive Reabsorption (2020)

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has significant effects on renal clearance (CL<sub>r</sub> ) of drugs. Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models have been used to predict CKD effects on transporter-mediated renal active secretion and CL<sub>r</sub> for hydrophilic nonpermeable compounds. However, no studies have shown systematic PBPK modeling of renal passive reabsorption or CL<sub>r</sub> for hydrophobic permeable drugs in CKD. The goal of this study was to expand our previously developed and verified mechanistic kidney model to develop a universal model to predict changes in CL<sub>r</sub> in CKD for permeable and nonpermeable drugs that accounts for the dramatic nonlinear effect of CKD on renal passive reabsorption of permeable drugs. The developed model incorporates physiologically-based tubular changes of reduced water reabsorption/increased tubular flow rate per remaining functional nephron in CKD. The final adaptive kidney model successfully (absolute fold error (AFE) all < 2) predicted renal passive reabsorption and CL<sub>r</sub> for 20 permeable and nonpermeable test compounds across the stages of CKD. In contrast, use of proportional glomerular filtration rate reduction approach without addressing tubular adaptation processes in CKD to predict CL<sub>r</sub> generated unacceptable CL<sub>r</sub> predictions (AFE = 2.61-7.35) for permeable compounds in severe CKD. Finally, the adaptive kidney model accurately predicted CL<sub>r</sub> of para-amino-hippuric acid and memantine, two secreted compounds, in CKD, suggesting successful integration of active secretion into the model, along with passive reabsorption. In conclusion, the developed adaptive kidney model enables mechanistic predictions of in vivo CL<sub>r</sub> through CKD progression without any empirical scaling factors and can be used for CL<sub>r</sub> predictions prior to assessment of drug disposition in renal impairment.
Supplementary Table 1 from Prospective Study of the Association of Serum γ-Glutamyltransferase with Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia III and Invasive Cervical Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Table 1 from Prospective Study of the Association of Serum γ-Glutamyltransferase with Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia III and Invasive Cervical Cancer
Comparison of an Inside Stent and a Fully Covered Self-Expandable Metallic Stent as Preoperative Biliary Drainage for Patients with Resectable Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma Retrospectively. (2021)

Abstract Background There is a need for a more tolerable preoperative biliary drainage (PBD) method for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (PHCC). In recent years, inside stents (ISs) have attracted attention as a less suffering PBD method. Few studies have compared IS with a fully covered self-expandable metallic stent (FCSEMS) as PBD for resectable PHCC. The aim of this study is to compare them. Methods This study involved 87 consecutive patients (IS: 51, FCSEMS: 36). The recurrent biliary obstruction (RBO) rate until undergoing surgery or being diagnosed as unresectable, time to RBO, factors related to RBO, incidence of adverse events related to endoscopic retrograde cholangiography and postoperative complications associated with each stent were evaluated retrospectively. Results There was no significant difference between the two groups in the incidence of adverse events after stent insertion. The mean (s.d.) time to RBO was 40.0 (28.1) days in the IS group and 52.0 (45.5) days in the FCSEMS group, with no significant difference ( P =0.384). A total of 7/51 patients in the IS group and 3/36 patients in the FCSEMS group developed RBO. The only risk factor for RBO was bile duct obstruction of the future excisional liver lobe(s) due to stenting (HR 0.033, P =0.006) in the FCSEMS group, but risk factors could not be indicated in the IS group. Regarding postoperative complications, there was no significant difference in the incidence of bile leakage or liver failure. In contrast, pancreatic fistula was significantly more common in the FCSEMS group (13/24 patients) than in the IS group (3/28 patients) ( P =0.001), especially in patients who did not undergo pancreatectomy ( P =0.001). Conclusions As PBD for PHCC, both IS and FCSEMS achieved low RBO rates. In contrast, the incidence of postoperative pancreatic fistula was higher with FCSEMS. Thus, IS, which can be inserted easily, is considered an optimal approach as PBD for resectable PHCC.clinical trial registration number: UMIN000025631
Translational Control in Cancer Etiology (2012)

The link between perturbations in translational control and cancer etiology is becoming a primary focus in cancer research. It has now been established that genetic alterations in several components of the translational apparatus underlie spontaneous cancers as well as an entire class of inherited syndromes known as "ribosomopathies" associated with increased cancer susceptibility. These discoveries have illuminated the importance of deregulations in translational control to very specific cellular processes that contribute to cancer etiology. In addition, a growing body of evidence supports the view that deregulation of translational control is a common mechanism by which diverse oncogenic pathways promote cellular transformation and tumor development. Indeed, activation of these key oncogenic pathways induces rapid and dramatic translational reprogramming both by increasing overall protein synthesis and by modulating specific mRNA networks. These translational changes promote cellular transformation, impacting almost every phase of tumor development. This paradigm represents a new frontier in the multihit model of cancer formation and offers significant promise for innovative cancer therapies. Current research, in conjunction with cutting edge technologies, will further enable us to explore novel mechanisms of translational control, functionally identify translationally controlled mRNA groups, and unravel their impact on cellular transformation and tumorigenesis.
Influences of atmospheric conditions and air mass on the ratio of ultraviolet to total solar radiation (1990)

The technology to detoxify hazardous wastes using ultraviolet (UV) solar radiation is being investigated by the DOE/SERI Solar Thermal Technology Program. One of the elements of the technology evaluation is the assessment and characterization of UV solar radiation resources available for detoxification processes. This report describes the major atmospheric variables that determine the amount of UV solar radiation at the earth's surface, and how the ratio of UV-to-total solar radiation varies with atmospheric conditions. These ratios are calculated from broadband and spectral solar radiation measurements acquired at SERI, and obtained from the literature on modeled and measured UV solar radiation. The following sections discuss the atmospheric effects on UV solar radiation and provide UV-to-total solar radiation ratios from published studies, as well as measured values from SERI's data. A summary and conclusions are also given.