gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measurement of the branching fraction of and search for a CP-violating asymmetry in η′→π+π−e+e− at BESIII (2021)

The rare decay ${\ensuremath{\eta}}^{\ensuremath{'}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ is studied using a sample of $1.3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{9}\text{ }\text{ }J/\ensuremath{\psi}$ events collected with the BESIII detector at BEPCII in 2009 and 2012. The branching fraction is measured with improved precision to be $(2.42\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0{5}_{\mathrm{stat}}\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0{8}_{\mathrm{syst}})\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$. Due to the inclusion of new data, this result supersedes the last BESIII result on this branching fraction. In addition, the $CP$-violating asymmetry in the angle between the decay planes of the ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$-pair and the ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$-pair is investigated. A measurable value would indicate physics beyond the standard model; the result is ${\mathcal{A}}_{CP}=(2.9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3.{7}_{\mathrm{stat}}\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.{1}_{\mathrm{syst}})%$, which is consistent with the standard model expectation of no $CP$-violation. The precision is comparable to the asymmetry measurement in the ${K}_{L}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ decay where the observed $(14\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2)%$ effect is driven by a standard model mechanism.
A Supramolecular Bundling Approach toward the Alignment of Conjugated Polymers (2006)

In Reihe aufstellen! Ein neues Konzept für das Ausrichten und Organisieren konjugierter Polymere durch die Wirkung supramolekularer bündelnder Moleküle („Ausrichtermoleküle“) wird vorgestellt, das von Actinfilamente bündelnden Proteinen inspiriert ist. Der Ansatz bietet einen allgemeinen Zugang zum Aufbau komplexer, geordneter Ensembles konjugierter Polymere.
Upconversion Luminescence through Cooperative and Energy‐Transfer Mechanisms in Yb3+‐Metal‐Organic Frameworks (2022)

Lanthanide-doped metal-organic frameworks (Ln-MOFs) have versatile luminescence properties, however it is challenging to achieve lanthanide-based upconversion luminescence in these materials. Here, 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid (BTC) and trivalent Yb<sup>3+</sup> ions were used to generate crystalline Yb-BTC MOF 1D-microrods with upconversion luminescence under near infrared excitation via cooperative luminescence. Subsequently, the Yb-BTC MOFs were doped with a variety of different lanthanides to evaluate the potential for Yb<sup>3+</sup> -based upconversion and energy transfer. Yb-BTC MOFs doped with Er<sup>3+</sup> , Ho<sup>3+</sup> , Tb<sup>3+</sup> , and Eu<sup>3+</sup> ions exhibit both the cooperative luminescence from Yb<sup>3+</sup> and the characteristic emission bands of these ions under 980 nm irradiation. In contrast, only the 497 nm upconversion emission band from Yb<sup>3+</sup> is observed in the MOFs doped with Tm<sup>3+</sup> , Pr<sup>3+</sup> , Sm<sup>3+</sup> , and Dy<sup>3+</sup> . The effects of different dopants on the efficiency of cooperative luminescence were established and will provide guidance for the exploitation of Ln-MOFs exhibiting upconversion.
Degradation of maltose and starch by human saliva and by supernatants of dental plaque material. (1975)

The pH-decrease in dental plaque in vivo after mouth rinses with solutions of sucrose and maltose has been compared. No statistically significant differences were found between the results obtained with these two disaccharides. Pooled samples of parotid saliva, centrifuged whole saliva and dental plaque supernatants were separated with the isoelectric focusing technique. The results suggest that maltose is hydrolysed in parotid saliva by the salivary alpha-amylase and in dental plaque by enzymes from sources other than the salivary glands, probably microorganisms. No bacterial alpha-amylases, separated from salivary alpha-amylase, were found in whole saliva specimens or in dental plaque supernatants. Quantitative determinations of "maltase" and amylase activities in parotid saliva, centrifuged whole saliva and dental plaque supernatants from 10 subjects were carried out. The highest enzyme activity of "maltase" was found in the samples of dental plaque and the highest amylase activity in parotid saliva specimens.
Functional Near-Infrared Imaging for Cardiac Surgery and Targeted Gene Therapy (2002)

Cardiac revascularization is presently performed without real-time visual assessment of myocardial blood flow or perfusion. Moreover, gene therapy of the heart cannot, at present, be directed to specific territories at risk for myocardial infarction. We have developed a surgical imaging system that exploits the low autofluorescence, deep tissue penetration, low tissue scatter, and invisibility of near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent light. By completely isolating visible and NIR light paths, one is able to visualize, simultaneously, the anatomy and/or function of the heart, or any desired tissue. In rat model systems, we demonstrate that the heptamethine indocyanine-type NIR fluorophores IR-786 and the carboxylic acid form of IRDye78 can be injected intravenously in the living animal to provide real-time visual assessment of myocardial blood flow or perfusion intraoperatively. This imaging system may prove useful for the refinement of revascularization techniques, and for the administration of cardiac gene therapy.
Coumarin-Containing Pillar[5]arenes as Multifunctional Liquid Crystal Macrocycles (2020)

Liquid crystal macrocycles (LCMs) combine the unique properties of liquid crystals with those associated with macrocyclic compounds-shape persistence and the capability of hosting small molecules. Herein, we investigate the grafting of coumarin-containing promesogenic moieties to pillar[5]arene as a strategy to obtain multifunctional LCMs. Pillar[5]arenes containing 10 and 30 coumarin units are glassy materials with nematic mesomorphism. Moreover, the coumarin moieties afford the pillar[5]arene derivatives with enhanced film-forming and photoresponsive properties. Photodimerization of the coumarin moieties results in cross-linked polymer networks, which can be used as alignment layers. Therefore, liquid-crystal coumarin-containing pillar[5]arenes represent a significant addition to the family of LCMs and may become useful for the development of engineered, hierarchical structures and materials.
Spatial compartmentalization of signalling imparts source-specific functions on secreted factors (2022)

Summary Efficient regeneration requires multiple cell types acting in a coordination. To better understand the intercellular networks involved and how they change when regeneration fails, we profiled the transcriptome of hematopoietic, stromal, myogenic, and endothelial cells over 14 days following acute muscle damage. A time-resolved computational model of interactions was generated, and VEGFA-driven endothelial engagement was identified as a key differentiating feature in models of successful and failed regeneration. In addition, it revealed that the majority of secreted signals, including VEGFA, are simultaneously produced by multiple cell types. To test whether the cellular source of a factor determines its function, we deleted VEGFA from two cell types residing in close proximity, stromal and myogenic progenitors. By comparing responses to different types of damage, we found that myogenic and stromal VEGFA have distinct functions in regeneration. This suggests that spatial compartmentalization of signaling plays a key role in intercellular communication networks. Highlights Ligand-receptor signaling redundancy during skeletal muscle regeneration Inflammatory cells, and muscle and fibro/adipogenic progenitors produce VEGFA VEGFA from muscle progenitors control their proliferation after muscle damage VEGFA from FAP controls angiogenesis only after ischemic damage eTOC blurb Groppa et al . performed a novel time-resolved bioinformatics analysis that revealed extensive ligand-receptor redundancy among the cell types contributing to skeletal muscle regeneration. They focused on one of these pathways, and showed that VEGFA from different cell types has distinct roles in regeneration.
2D/3D Simulations of Black-Silicon Interdigitated Back-Contacted c-Si(n) Solar Cells (2017)

Black silicon (b-Si) reduces drastically light reflectance in the front side of c-Si solar cells to values near zero for the whole absorbed solar spectrum. In this work, we apply 2D and 3D simulations to explore the efficiency limits of interdigitated back-contacted c-Si(n) solar cells with line or point contacts respectively, using ALD Al2O3 passivated b-Si in the front surface. Realistic physical and technological parameters involved in a conventional oven-based fabrication process are considered in the simulations, especially those related to surface recombination on the b-Si as well as high doped p+/n+ strip regions. One important issue is the temporal stability of surface passivation on b-Si surfaces. In this work experimental long-term b-Si surface passivation data after two years and its impact on cell performance are studied. Simulations demonstrate initial and final photovoltaic efficiencies over 24.6% and 23.2% respectively for an emitter coverage of 80% independently of the cell contact strategy. A photocurrent loss about 1.3 mA/cm2 occurs when surface recombination velocity at the b-Si surfaces degrades from 6 cm/s to a final value of 28 cm/s.
Experimentation on human subjects: a search for Halakhic guidelines. (1979)

The unprecedented progress of bio-medical research, achieved during the last decades, has not only provided new exciting theoretic insights into the nature of life and some of its most intricate processes, but it has also been translated into revolu ionary changes in the practice of medicine, lending to prolonga tion and savings of lives on a global scale. As impressive and gratifying as these accomplishments are, they have also given rise to serious bio-ethical problems concerning specific applica tions and methods of scientific investigation. One of the most thorny issues is colloquially known as use of human guinea pigs. Its complexity and abrasiveness derive from the fact that it touches on a number of sensitive problems. It raises the age old conflict between the right and protection of the individual versus the needs and demands of the community. Human experi mentation, however, jeopardizes the patient-physician relation ship, which is built and dependent on trust, by pitting the seemingly overweaning authority of the physician-scientist against the presumably ignorant and incompetent layman. It places in question the motivation of the investigator who, instead of engaging in an altruistic quest for truth and search for relief of suffering, is suspected to be driven by personal ambition and even desire for material gain. Finally, any discussion of the problem is burdened by the heavy emotional charge evoked bv the memories of the unspeakable atrocities committed in Nazi Germany under the guise of scientific studies, as documented in the Nuremberg war crime trials.
Oxysterols as markers of neurological disease – a review (2009)

Cholesterol plays a crucial structural role in the brain and local synthesis covers almost all the requirements of the brain. To maintain homeostasis, the excess of cholesterol is converted into the more hydrophilic oxysterol 24S-hydroxycholesterol by the neuron-specific enzyme CYP46A1. About 99% of the total excretion of this oxysterol by the brain occurs across the blood-brain barrier directly into the bloodstream. Almost all the 24S-hydroxycholesterol present in human circulation has a cerebral origin and its concentrations depend on the number of metabolically active neurons located in the grey matter of the brain. Neurodegeneration, with loss of neurons, and the subsequent brain atrophy are associated with significantly reduced concentrations of oxysterols. 24S-Hydroxycholesterol can thus be used as a surrogate marker of brain atrophy in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer and multiple sclerosis. Less than 1 % of the total excretion of 24S-hydroxycholesterol is via the cerebrospinal fluid. This small fraction appears to reflect neuronal damage and rate of neuronal loss rather than the total number of metabolically active neuronal cells. Patients with neurodegenerative disorders have thus been found to have increased concentrations of 24S-hydroxycholesterol in cerebrospinal fluid, in parallel with decreased concentrations in the circulation. Compared with other available biomarkers in CSF, such as Total Tau, Phospo-Tau and beta(42) amyloid, the 24S-hydroxycholesterol appears to be the most sensitive biomarker in the evaluation of patients with cognitive impairment disease.
Whither triclosan? (2004)

Triclosan has activity against many, but not all, types of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It is bacteriostatic at low concentrations, but higher concentrations are bactericidal. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is highly resistant, whereas methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains are inhibited over a range of approximately 0.1-2 mg/L. Triclosan shows significant activity against some mycobacteria, but is not sporicidal. Its growth-inhibitory properties result from an inhibition of enoyl reductase, FabI. Membrane-destabilizing effects are likely to be responsible for bacterial inactivation by higher concentrations. Resistance can arise from mutations in, and/or overproduction of, FabI, impermeability or efflux. Whilst triclosan resistance in laboratory experiments may be associated with changes in antibiotic susceptibility, comprehensive environmental surveys have not demonstrated any association between triclosan usage and antibiotic resistance. Triclosan has several important uses, and the future aim must be to retain these applications whilst eliminating the more frivolous and unnecessary ones.
The Inflammatory Aspect of the Microcirculation in Hypertension: Oxidative Stress, Leukocytes/Endothelial Interaction, Apoptosis (2002)

Evidence is increasing in hypertensive models for an inflammatory reaction in the microcirculation with abnormal leukocyte counts and adhesion to the endothelium, enhanced arteriolar tone, and microvascular and tissue apoptosis. The spontaneous form of hypertension (SHR) is accompanied by a glucocorticoiddependent increase in circulating leukocyte count with elevated levels of activation and at the same time depressed leukocyte–endothelial interaction and endothelial P-selectin function. The SHR exhibits immune suppression with lymphocyte apoptosis in the thymus. Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in and around microvascular endothelial cells may regulate signal transduction pathways responsible for controlling gene expression and protein modification and thereby cause an elevation of vascular tone and, in excess, may form an injury mechanism for cells and tissue. A series of enzyme systems such as xanthine oxidase, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate/reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidase, and cytochrome P450 monooxygenases in conjunction with suppression of ROS scavengers seem to be involved in the oxidative stress responses in hypertension. The increase in ROS generation contributes to vascular remodeling, apoptosis, and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle, whereas gaseous monoxides such as nitric oxide and carbon monoxide have the ability to modulate elevated vascular tone and proliferative cell responses. Such biological actions of gases not only regulate activation of soluble guanylate cyclase but could also be attributable to inhibition of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases. We examine here the molecular basis of signal transduction by ROS, NO, and CO and functional alterations in their sensor molecules. An inflammatory reaction may underlie the pathogenesis of hypertension and its associated lesion formation and organ dysfunction.
The Optical Activity of Oriented Copper Helices. I. Experimental (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Optical Activity of Oriented Copper Helices. I. ExperimentalIgnacio Tinoco Jr. and Mark P. FreemanCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1957, 61, 9, 1196–1200Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j150555a015https://doi.org/10.1021/j150555a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views478Altmetric-Citations104LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Further refinement of the description of the ligand-binding characteristics for the galactoside-binding mistletoe lectin, a plant agglutinin with immunomodulatory potency (1997)

The galactoside-binding lectin from mistletoe (Viscum album L.) is a biological response modifier, eliciting e.g. enhanced secretion of cytokines. This immunological activity warrants the further analysis of its ligand-binding properties with special attention paid to blood group epitopes. To avoid the microheterogeneity and complexity of naturally occurring glycoproteins, chemically strictly defined neoglycoconjugates and a panel of synthetic oligosaccharides were employed in solid-phase assays for direct binding and assessment of the relative inhibitory capacity. Since label incorporation into the lectin, although performed under protective conditions, or surface immobilization by adsorption to plastic may affect its affinity characteristics, the extent of neoglycoconjugate binding in the absence of any interfering substance and in the presence of oligosaccharides was determined comparatively with labeled and with immobilized lectin. In principle, these two factors could be excluded to markedly alter binding features. In addition to lactose, the blood group determinants H and B were strongly reactive. A fucose residue can thus especially be accommodated to the binding site when linked to the non-reducing unit. N-Acetyllactosamine was nearly as potent as an inhibitor as lactose. Lec and the A determinant were notably inferior to the other ABH blood group epitopes. Le(a) and Le(x) and their sialylated derivatives displayed only very weak binding capacity. Among the two natural isomers of sialyllactose, the alpha 2,6-form displayed a higher level of inhibitory capacity than the alpha 2,3-derivative. Isomeric variants of the Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen, too, reduced lectin binding to the lactose-carrying polymer. Their capacities were surpassed by those of the H and the B determinants and a related form of the latter, the P1 epitope. An overlap of specificity with the immunomodulatory human galectin-3 is thus measurable for H/B-like structures. The documented differential reactivity of the mistletoe lectin to blood group oligosaccharides may have a bearing on the responsiveness of blood group-positive cell populations.
Data from Plasma 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels and Survival in Stage III Colon Cancer: Findings from CALGB/SWOG 80702 (Alliance) (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;To assess whether higher plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] is associated with improved outcomes in colon cancer and whether circulating inflammatory cytokines mediate such association.&lt;/p&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;p&gt;Plasma samples were collected from 1,437 patients with stage III colon cancer enrolled in a phase III randomized clinical trial (CALGB/SWOG 80702) from 2010 to 2015, who were followed until 2020. Cox regressions were used to examine associations between plasma 25(OH)D and disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), and time to recurrence (TTR). Mediation analysis was performed for circulating inflammatory biomarkers of C-reactive protein (CRP), IL6, and soluble TNF receptor 2 (sTNF-R2).&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;Vitamin D deficiency [25(OH)D &lt;12 ng/mL] was present in 13% of total patients at baseline and in 32% of Black patients. Compared with deficiency, nondeficient vitamin D status (≥12 ng/mL) was significantly associated with improved DFS, OS, and TTR (all &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;log-rank&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;0.05), with multivariable-adjusted HRs of 0.68 (95% confidence interval, 0.51–0.92) for DFS, 0.57 (0.40–0.80) for OS, and 0.71 (0.52–0.98) for TTR. A U-shaped dose–response pattern was observed for DFS and OS (both &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;nonlinearity&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;0.05). The proportion of the association with survival that was mediated by sTNF-R2 was 10.6% (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;mediation&lt;/sub&gt; = 0.04) for DFS and 11.8% (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;mediation&lt;/sub&gt; = 0.05) for OS, whereas CRP and IL6 were not shown to be mediators. Plasma 25(OH)D was not associated with the occurrence of ≥ grade 2 adverse events.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;Nondeficient vitamin D is associated with improved outcomes in patients with stage III colon cancer, largely independent of circulation inflammations. A randomized trial is warranted to elucidate whether adjuvant vitamin D supplementation improves patient outcomes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Supplementary Figure 1 from Hypoxia Predicts Aggressive Growth and Spontaneous Metastasis Formation from Orthotopically Grown Primary Xenografts of Human Pancreatic Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from Hypoxia Predicts Aggressive Growth and Spontaneous Metastasis Formation from Orthotopically Grown Primary Xenografts of Human Pancreatic Cancer
Probabilistic computation of Poiseuille flow velocity fields (1995)

Velocity fields for Poiseuille flow through tubes having general cross section are calculated using a path integral method involving the first-passage times of random walks in the interior of the cross sectional domain 𝒟 of the pipe. This method is applied to a number of examples where exact results are available and to more complicated geometries of practical interest. These examples include a tube with ‘‘fractal’’ cross section and open channel flows. The calculations demonstrate the feasibility of the probabilistic method for pipe flow and other applications having an equivalent mathematical description (e.g., torsional rigidity of rods, membrane deflection). The example of flow through a fractal pipe shows an extended region of diminished flow velocity near the rough boundary which is similar to the suppressed vibration observed near the boundaries of fractal drums.