gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Technological Anarchism (2009)

In the following essay I examine the intersection between process theory, anarchism, and technology. The focus of this discussion will be on the arguments presented by Theodore Kaczynski, otherwise known as the Unabomber. On Kaczynski’s view, the technological system is profoundly destructive, irredeemably corrupt, and thus must be eliminated. I will look at the merits of this argument. Process philosophy and social theory meet in interesting and sometimes volatile ways. One of these ways is anarchism—herein defined as the systematic attempt to undermine the presiding social or political order, with no preestablished plan for a substitute. Strictly speaking, of course, true anarchy (an-arche) is impossible, as humans could not exist without any social order at all. But more broadly conceived, anarchy is clearly a possible, perhaps even essential, socio-political alternative. In what follows, I will present an analysis of a very specific kind of anarchism—call it technological anarchism—that derives from the work of one Theodore Kaczynski, also known as the Unabomber. Anarchism is consistent with a process metaphysic, even if it is not a central theme. If the world is essentially dynamic, existing in a condition of continual becoming, then any attempts at sustaining a ‘stable’ social order are counterproductive, and ultimately futile. We see this idea emerging as far back as the Tao Te Ching, which emphasizes the dynamism inherent in the universe, the virtue of acting in accord with nature, and the futility of rigid government. Much later, Whitehead wrote about the contrast between the use of social force (an evil) and the power of persuasion. Civilization, he said, thrives “by its own inherent persuasiveness as embodying the nobler alternative. The recourse to force [...] is a disclosure of the failure of civilization [...]. Thus in a live civilization there is always an element of unrest” (AI: 83). Among the signs of a “reign of force” are “war, slavery, and governmental compulsion.” Society, rightly understood, is in a constant state of dynamism, of striving toward a creative advance: “The foundation of all understanding of sociological theory...is that no static maintenance of perfection is possible” (p. 274). This fact is rooted in basic metaphysical principles, most centrally that “the very essence of real actuality—this is, of the completely real—is process. Thus each actual thing is only to be understood in terms of its becoming and perishing.” Twentieth century western society is clearly in decay, Whitehead thought. We therefore face either a time of long, slow, and painful decline, or, if
Molecular Epidemiology of HIV-1 Subtypes in India: Origin and Evolutionary History of the Predominant Subtype C (2012)

The Indian HIV-1C epidemic originated around 40 years ago from a single or few genetically related African lineages, and since then largely evolved independently. The effective population size in the country has been broadly stable since the 1990s. The evolving viral epidemic, as indicated by the increase of recombinant strains, warrants a need for continued molecular surveillance to guide efficient disease intervention strategies.
Effects of Secretagogues and Bile Acids on Mitochondrial Membrane Potential of Pancreatic Acinar Cells (2004)

In this study, we investigated the effects of secretagogues and bile acids on the mitochondrial membrane potential of pancreatic acinar cells. We measured the mitochondrial membrane potential using the tetramethylrhodamine-based probes tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester and tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester. At low levels of loading, these indicators appeared to have a low sensitivity to the uncoupler carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone, and no response was observed to even high doses of cholecystokinin. When loaded at high concentrations, tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester and tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester undergo quenching and can be dequenched by mitochondrial depolarization. We found the dequench mode to be 2 orders of magnitude more sensitive than the low concentration mode. Using the dequench mode, we resolved mitochondrial depolarizations produced by supramaximal and by physiological concentrations of cholecystokinin. Other calcium-releasing agonists, acetylcholine, JMV-180, and bombesin, also produced mitochondrial depolarization. Secretin, which employs the cAMP pathway, had no effect on the mitochondrial potential; dibutyryl cAMP was also ineffective. The cholecystokinin-induced mitochondrial depolarizations were abolished by buffering cytosolic calcium. A non-agonist-dependent calcium elevation induced by thapsigargin depolarized the mitochondria. These experiments suggest that a cytosolic calcium concentration rise is sufficient for mitochondrial depolarization and that the depolarizing effect of cholecystokinin is mediated by a cytosolic calcium rise. Bile acids are considered possible triggers of acute pancreatitis. The bile acids taurolithocholic acid 3-sulfate, taurodeoxycholic acid, and taurochenodeoxycholic acid, at low submillimolar concentrations, induced mitochondrial depolarization, resolved by the dequench mode. Our experiments demonstrate that physiological concentrations of secretagogues and pathologically relevant concentrations of bile acids trigger mitochondrial depolarization in pancreatic acinar cells.
Geostatistical Depth Conversion from Well and Seismic Data - a Case Study in a North Sea Field (1995)

One of the problems with the production of velocity maps for the purpose of depth conversion is that of data integration. Checkshot-derived well velocities, NMO-derived seismic velocities and seismic travel time information must be combined to produce consistent velocity estimates away from the wells.
Graphical representation of prism coupling into thin films (1983)

A natural framework for evaluating prism-coupler performance is provided by a recently developed geometrical construction in which refraction through a prism for an arbitrary angle of incidence is represented by an ellipse. The useful operating range of a prism coupler is represented by the portion of the representational ellipse that appears within a window determined by the mode propagation conditions of a thin-film-substrate system.
Opportunistic Routing (2013)

Opportunistic or delay-tolerant networks (DTNs) may be used to enable communication in case of failure or lack of infrastructure and to complement existing wireless technologies (cellular, WiFi). This chapter identifies and discusses the three main characteristics of opportunistic networks, around which all forwarding schemes are designed and optimized. It focuses on the first aspect and shows how replication and coding techniques are used to improve delivery performance, without explicit knowledge about past or future contacts. Then, the chapter discusses how contact patterns can be inferred by observing and maintaining some statistics about past contacts, and how simple or more sophisticated techniques can be used to predict future ones, based on collected knowledge. It presents some examples of opportunistic routing scheme, which are considered to be state of the art, that exploit both replication and prediction techniques. The chapter concludes with a discussion of open issues in opportunistic forwarding research. Controlled Vocabulary Terms delay tolerant networks; wireless LAN
Microprocessors present and future (1974)

Microprocessors are very quickly reaching the stage of maturity as a design component in the field of digital systems even though they are relatively new. They are the one component with the most far reaching implications for future developments in the digital systems area since the transistor.
Implant-based immediate reconstruction in prophylactic mastectomy: is the caudal dermis flap a reliable alternative to synthetic mesh or acellular dermal matrix? (2021)

For patients with excess skin or macromastia, the caudal dermis flap is a reliable and less expensive option for complete coverage of an implant after prophylactic mastectomy. In particular, the vascularized dermis flap can protect the implant from the consequences of skin necrosis after prophylactic mastectomy.
Fiber Nonlinearity Tolerance of APSK Modulated DFT-S OFDM Systems (2013)

Discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-S OFDM) was proposed in coherent optical OFDM (CO-OFDM) to improve the fiber nonlinearity tolerance in CO-OFDM transmission systems. In this letter, we propose to apply amplitude phase shift keying (APSK) modulation in DFT-S OFDM to further improve the fiber nonlinearity tolerance. We investigate the effects of several parameters on the transmission performance to determine the optimal values of these parameters. Compared with 16 quadrature amplitude modulation modulated DFT-S OFDM and 16-APSK (4 and 12 constellation points in the respective first and second rings) modulated CO-OFDM, the optimized 16-APSK (6 and 10 constellation points in the respective first and second rings) modulated DFT-S OFDM extends the maximum transmission reach by <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">${\sim}{12\%}$</tex></formula> and <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">${\sim}{19\%}$</tex></formula> for both nondispersion managed and dispersion managed links, respectively.
Characterization of a New Anticancer Agent, EAPB0203, and Its Main Metabolites: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Studies (2012)

The present study was conducted to assess the structures of the main unknown oxygenated metabolites of EAPB0203. The first step was to assign all the (1)H and (13)C NMR of both EAPB0203 and its demethylated metabolite (EAPB0202) to the corresponding atoms in their molecular structures and to elucidate the fragmentation pathways for the [M + H](+) ions of these compounds using high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS). MS/MS spectra showed that both protonated molecules possessing an even number of electrons were unexpectedly losing radicals such as H(•), CH(3)(•), or even C(7)H(7)(•) giving stable radical cations. In vitro metabolism studies were investigated in rat and dog liver microsomes and in the filamentous fungus Cunninghamella elegans. Structural elucidation of six oxygenated metabolites was performed based on the following: (i) their fragmentation pathways in liquid chromatography-MS/MS (LC-MS/MS) analyses; (ii) comparison of their changes in their molecular masses and fragment ions with those of the parent drugs; and (iii) the results of online H/D exchange experiments that provided additional evidence in differentiating hydoxylated metabolites from N-oxides. Structures of the metabolites were elucidated by LC-MS/MS and comparison with synthetic standards; structures of these standards were confirmed using one- and two-dimensional (1)H NMR spectroscopies.
Hurdle Technology Approach to Control Listeria monocytogenes Using Rhamnolipid Biosurfactant (2023)

This study evaluates the combination of mild heat with a natural surfactant for the inactivation of <i>L. monocytogenes</i> Scott A in low-water-activity (a<sub>w</sub>) model systems. Glycerol or NaCl was used to reduce the a<sub>w</sub> to 0.92, and different concentrations of rhamnolipid (RL) biosurfactant were added before heat treatment (60 °C, 5 min). Using glycerol, RL treatment (50-250 µg/mL) reduced bacterial population by less than 0.2 log and heat treatment up to 1.5 log, while the combination of both hurdles reached around 5.0 log reduction. In the NaCl medium, RL treatment displayed higher inactivation than in the glycerol medium at the same a<sub>w</sub> level and a larger synergistic lethal effect when combined with heat, achieving ≥ 6.0 log reduction at 10-250 µg/mL RL concentrations. The growth inhibition activity of RL was enhanced by the presence of the monovalent salts NaCl and KCl, reducing MIC values from >2500 µg/mL (without salt) to 39 µg/mL (with 7.5% salt). The enhanced antimicrobial activity of RL promoted by the presence of salts was shown to be pH-dependent and more effective under neutral conditions. Overall, results demonstrate that RL can be exploited to design novel strategies based on hurdle approaches aiming to control <i>L. monocytogenes</i>.
REDUCING THE PARETO OPTIMAL SET IN MULTICRITERIA OPTIMIZATION(With Applications to Pareto Optimal Dynamic Programming) (1985)

Abstract This paper describes the rationale for using clustering methods to reduce the size of the Pareto optimal set whilst retaining its shape. It proceeds lo describe an implementation of the complete-linkage clustering method and demonstrates its application. Finally, the method is incorporated into a Pareto optimal serial dynamic programming process to reduce the size of the Pareto optimal set generated at each stage of the optimization.
Acoustic interference in random superlattices (1990)

We study theoretically the interference effects and the resulting transmission of acoustic phonons in random superlattices, i.e., multilayered systems in which two kinds of building blocks A and B are stacked at random. We derive (i) the recursion relations satisfied by the superlattice structure factors, and (ii) an analytic expression for the ensemble-averaged intensity of phonons reflected from layer interfaces of an infinite system. We predict a number of sharp features in the intensity versus frequency, which appear rather regularly. Furthermore, numerical calculations for both the double- and single-layer random superlattices indeed exhibit distinctive dip structures in phonon transmission spectra which are in good agreement with the analytical results. We also find that the single-layer random superlattices show an effective phonon-filtering action as the system size is increased, i.e., they prevent the transmission of phonons except for those satisfying resonance conditions.
Parameters of rank modulation codes: Examples (2011)

Rank modulation is a way of encoding information to correct errors in flash memory devices as well as impulse noise in transmission lines. Modeling rank modulation involves construction of packings of the space of permutations equipped with the Kendall tau distance. In a recent work we suggested several general constructions of codes in permutations that cover a broad range of code parameters. Here we compute examples of codes that can be obtained from these constructions.
Elevated activity of myeloid growth factor in bone marrow adjacent to joints affected by rheumatoid arthritis. (1989)

Myeloid growth activity of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and normal serum was measured with a newly developed simple method. Abnormally high titers of this activity were found in the bone marrow blood serum adjacent to joints with RA where abnormal myelopoiesis had been found. Maximal activity for myeloid growth was found at a molecular weight of 70 kDa in gel filtration of serum, different from the size of any known factors involved with myelopoiesis.
Interaction of LDS-751 and Rhodamine 123 with P-Glycoprotein:  Evidence for Simultaneous Binding of Both Drugs (2005)

The P-glycoprotein efflux pump, an ABC superfamily member, can export a wide variety of hydrophobic drugs, natural products, and peptides from cells, powered by the energy of ATP hydrolysis. Transport substrates appear to first partition into the membrane and then interact with the protein within the cytoplasmic leaflet. Two drug binding sites within P-glycoprotein have been described which interact allosterically, the H-site (binds Hoechst 33342) and the R-site (binds rhodamine 123); however, the structural and functional relationship between the various binding sites appears complex. In this work, we have used fluorescence spectroscopic approaches to characterize the interaction of the transporter with LDS-751 and rhodamine 123, both of which are believed to bind to the putative R-site based on functional transport studies. By carrying out single and sequential dual fluorescence titrations of purified P-glycoprotein with the two substrates, we observed that bound LDS-751 interacted with bound rhodamine 123. Rhodamine 123 and LDS-751 showed a reciprocal negative interaction, each reducing the binding affinity of the other by 5-fold, indicating that the two compounds were simultaneously bound to the protein to form a ternary complex. Fitting of the dependence of the apparent Kd for LDS-751 binding on rhodamine 123 concentration suggested that the two compounds interacted noncompetitively. We conclude that the two-site drug binding model for P-glycoprotein requires modification. The putative R-site appears large enough to accommodate two compounds simultaneously. The locations where LDS-751 and rhodamine 123 bind are likely adjacent to each other, possibly overlapping, and may be within a hydrophobic pocket.
A study on membrane dynamics and deformation of solar power sail demonstrator "IKAROS" (2012)

Meeting Information: The 21th Workshop on JAXA Astrodynamics and Flight Mechanics 2011 (July 25-26, 2011. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)(ISAS)), Sagamihara, Kanagawa Japan
Weak nuclear spin singlet relaxation mechanisms revealed by experiment and computation (2022)

Nuclear spin singlet states are often found to allow long-lived storage of nuclear magnetization, which can form the basis of novel applications in spectroscopy, imaging, and in studies of dynamic processes. Precisely how long such polarization remains intact, and which factors affect its lifetime is often difficult to determine and predict. We present a combined experimental/computational study to demonstrate that molecular dynamics simulations and <i>ab initio</i> calculations can be used to fully account for the experimentally observed proton singlet lifetimes in ethyl-d<sub>5</sub>-propyl-d<sub>7</sub>-maleate in deuterated chloroform as solvent. The correspondence between experiment and simulations is achieved without adjustable parameters. These studies highlight the importance of considering unusual and difficult-to-control mechanisms, such as dipolar couplings to low-gamma solvent nuclei, and to residual paramagnetic species, which often can represent lifetime limiting factors. These results also point to the power of molecular dynamics simulations to provide insights into little-known NMR relaxation mechanisms.
High-Dose Cytarabine in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2014)

The optimal dose, scheme, and clinical setting for Ara-C in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treatment remain uncertain. In this study, we performed a meta-analysis to systematically assess the impact of high-dose cytarabine (HDAC) on AML therapy during the induction and consolidation stages. Twenty-two trials with a total of 5,945 de novo AML patients were included in the meta-analysis. Only patients less than 60 year-old were included in the study. Using HDAC in induction therapy was beneficial for RFS (HR = 0.57; 95% CI, 0.35-0.93; P = 0.02) but not so for CR rate (HR = 1.01; 95% CI, 0.93-1.09; P = 0.88) and OS (HR = 0.83; 95% CI, 0.66-1.03; P = 0.1). In consolidation therapy, HDAC showed significant RFS benefits (HR = 0.67; 95% CI, 0.49-0.9; P = 0.008) especially for the favorable-risk group (HR = 0.38; 95% CI, 0.21-0.69; P = 0.001) compared with SDAC (standard dose cytarabine), although no OS advantage was observed (HR = 0.84; 95% CI, 0.55-1.27; P = 0.41). HDAC treatment seemed less effective than auto-BMT/allo-BMT treatment (HR = 1.66, 95% CI, 1.3-2.14; P<0.0001) with similar OS. HDAC treatment led to lower relapse rate in induction and consolidation therapy than SDAC treatment, especially for the favorable-risk group. Auto-BMT/allo-BMT was more beneficial in prolonging RFS than HDAC.
Supramolecular polymer hydrogels induced by host–guest interactions with di-[cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene)] cross-linkers: from molecular complexation to viscoelastic properties (2017)

Supramolecular polymer networks have been designed on the basis of a π-electron donor/acceptor complex: naphthalene (N)/cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) (CBPQT<sup>4+</sup> = B). For this purpose, a copolymer of N,N-dimethylacrylamide P(DMA-N1), lightly decorated with 1 mol% of naphthalene pendant groups, has been studied in semi-dilute un-entangled solution in the presence of di-CBPQT<sup>4+</sup> (BB) crosslinker type molecules. While calorimetric experiments demonstrate the quantitative binding between N and B groups up to 60 °C, the introduction of BB crosslinkers into the polymer solution gives rise to gel formation above the overlap concentration. From a comprehensive investigation of viscoelastic properties, performed at different concentrations, host/guest stoichiometric ratios and temperatures, the supramolecular hydrogels are shown to follow a Maxwellian behavior with a strong correlation of the plateau modulus and the relaxation time with the effective amount of interchain cross-linkers and their dissociation dynamics, respectively. The calculation of the dissociation rate constant of the supramolecular complex, by extrapolation of the relaxation time of the network back to the beginning of the gel regime, is discussed in the framework of theoretical and experimental works on associating polymers.
Global stability analysis - a key enabler in reduced order models and flow control (2012)

In the current study, Reduced Order Models (ROMs) targeting strategies for experimental feedback flow control are discussed. For practical reasons, such models should incorporate a range of flow operating conditions with a small number of degrees of freedom. Standard POD Galerkin models are challenged by overoptimization at one operating condition [1]. The extension of dynamic range with additional global flow stability modes is the first applied technique. Further side constraints for control-oriented ROMs are taken into account by a “least-dimensional” Galerkin approximation based on a novel technique for continuous mode interpolation [2]. This interpolation preserves the model dimension of a single state while covering several states by adjusting (interpolated) modes. The resulting three-dimensional (3D) Galerkin model is presented for the transient flow around NACA-0012 airfoil and shown to be in a good agreement with the corresponding direct numerical simulation (DNS).
Acoustic Fields and Waves in Solids (1973)

This work, part of a two-volume set, applies the material developed in the Volume One to various boundary value problems (reflection and refraction at plane surfaces, composite media, waveguides and resonators). The text also covers topics such as perturbation and variational methods.
Particle-confinement criteria for axisymmetric field-reversed magnetic configurations (1984)

Based on two constants of motion, H and Pθ, where H is the total energy of a particle and Pθ is its canonical angular momentum, particle confinement criteria are derived which impose constraints on H and Pθ. With no electric field at the ends of field-reversed magnetic configurations, confinement criteria for closed-field and absolute confinements are obtained explicitly, including both lower and upper bounds of Pθ/q, where q is the charge of the species considered, for a class of Hill's vortex field-reversed magnetic configurations. The commonly used criterion for the Hamiltonian, H < −ω0Pθ, where ω0 ≡ qB0/mc, is deduced from a more general form as a special case. In this special case, it is found necessary to impose a new criterion, , where Rw is the wall radius and B0 is the vacuum field, which reduces the confinement region in (H, Pθ) space. With the presence of electric fields at the ends of field-reversed magnetic configurations, confinement criteria are obtained for two interesting cases. In addition to lower and upper bounds of H, both lower and upper bounds of Pθ/q are found. For axially confined particles, the lower bound of Pθ/q reduces the confinement region in (H, Pθ) space and represents a new criterion. These results can be applied to calculations for field-reversed mirrors and field-reversed theta pinches.