gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development and psychometric evaluation of the Chinese version of the Participation and Environment Measure for Children and Youth (2019)

<b>Purpose:</b> To adapt the Participation and Environment Measure for Children and Youth for use with Chinese children and youths, and to investigate its psychometric properties.<b>Materials and methods:</b> The Participation and Environment Measure for Children and Youth was translated into Chinese using a cultural adaptation process. Parents of 69 children aged 5-12 years with disabilities and 319 children without disabilities completed the questionnaires. Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, factorial structure, and known-group validity were examined using Cronbach's alpha, intraclass correlation coefficient, confirmatory factor analysis and <i>t</i>-test, respectively.<b>Results:</b> We added and/or replaced activities with culturally-relevant activities in the Chinese version. Internal consistency was acceptable for most of the scales (0.55-0.86). Test-retest reliability of the summary scores was moderate to high (0.70-0.84). Data-model fit was confirmed in a one-factor structure for the participation scales and a two-factor structure for the environment scales. There were also significant differences in the summary scores between 65 gender- and age-matched pairs of children with and without disabilities on the school participation scales and all the environment scales.<b>Conclusion:</b> This study provides psychometric evidence supporting the use of the Participation and Environment Measure for Children and Youth to assess Chinese children's participation and environmental supports/barriers.Implications for rehabilitationThe Chinese version of the Participation and Environment Measure for Children and Youth was developed through a rigorous translation and cultural adaptation process.There is evidence for the reliability (internal consistency and test-retest reliability) and construct validity (factorial structure and known-group validity) of the Chinese version of the Participation and Environment Measure for Children and Youth.The Chinese version of the Participation and Environment Measure for Children and Youth can be used to assess children's participation in home, school and community settings and to identify environmental barriers that require further intervention.
A Modular Computer Vision System for Picture Segmentation and Interpretation (1981)

The objective of a computer vision system is to outline the objects in a picture and label them with an appropriate interpretation. This paper proposes a new paradigm for a modular computer vision system which is both data directed and knowledge based. The system consists of three different types of units, two of which are associative data memories implemented as relational databases. The short-term memory (STM) contains the raw color picture data and the most current interpretations and deductions about the original scene. The long-term memory (LTM) contains a detailed model of the scene under consideration. A collection of analysis processors, each of which is specialized for a particular task, can communicate with both of these memories. The information in the LTM remains unchanged during the analysis, while the STM is being continually updated and revised by the appropriate processors. The latter may be conceived of as being activated by certain data conditions in the STM, and using the information in both the LTM and STM to alter the status of the STM.
Viewpoint: Recent Advances in Intracoronary Imaging for Vasa Vasorum Visualisation (2017)

The coronary adventitia harbours the vasa vasorum (VV), which has a diameter of 50–300 μm and plays an important role as a network of nutrient blood vessels to the arterial wall. The VV is thought to be involved in the development of coronary atherosclerosis. Recent advances in the field of intracoronary imaging, including optical coherence tomography, have enabled us to visualise coronary VV in humans in vivo and increased the clinical relevance of the VV in patients with coronary artery disease.
The pulmonary circulation of homozygous or heterozygous eNOS-null mice is hyperresponsive to mild hypoxia (1999)

Acute hypoxic vasoconstriction and development of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) are unique properties of the pulmonary circulation. The pulmonary endothelium produces vasoactive factors, including nitric oxide (NO), that modify these phenomena. We tested the hypothesis that NO produced by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) modulates pulmonary vascular responses to hypoxia using mice with targeted disruption of the eNOS gene (eNOS(–/–)). Marked PHTN was found in eNOS(–/–) mice raised in mild hypoxia when compared with either controls or eNOS(–/–) mice raised in conditions simulating sea level. We found an approximate twofold increase in partially and fully muscularized distal pulmonary arteries in eNOS(–/–) mice compared with controls. Consistent with vasoconstriction being the primary mechanism of PHTN, however, acute inhalation of 25 ppm NO resulted in normalization of RV pressure in eNOS(–/–) mice. In addition to studies of eNOS(–/–) mice, the dose–effect of eNOS was tested using heterozygous eNOS(+/–) mice. Although the lungs of eNOS(+/–) mice had 50% of normal eNOS protein, the response to hypoxia was indistinguishable from that of eNOS(–/–) mice. We conclude that eNOS-derived NO is an important modulator of the pulmonary vascular response to chronic hypoxia and that more than 50% of eNOS expression is required to maintain normal pulmonary vascular tone.
LibGuides: Racial Equality Resources for Educators and Parents: Book Recommendations (2020)

This is a collection of resources curated with teachers and parents in mind to help educate children on racial equality and social justice issues. Books to initiate and facilitate discussions in classrooms and homes, broken down by appropriate age range.
Tangshen Formula Attenuates Diabetic Nephropathy by Promoting ABCA1-Mediated Renal Cholesterol Efflux in db/db Mice (2018)

The commonly prescribed Tangshen Formula (TSF) is a traditional Chinese formulation that has been shown to reduce plasma lipid metabolism and proteinuria and improve the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in patients with diabetic kidney disease. This study investigated the underlying mechanism whereby TSF regulates renal lipid accumulation and ameliorates diabetic renal injuries in spontaneous diabetic db/db mice and <i>in vitro</i> in sodium palmitate (PA)-stimulated and Abca1-SiRNA-transfected mouse tubular epithelial cells (mTECs). The results revealed that TSF treatment significantly ameliorated the renal injuries by lowering urinary albumin excretion and improving renal tissue injuries in diabetic (db/db) mice. Interestingly, the treatment with TSF also resulted in decreased cholesterol levels in the renal tissues of db/db mice, which was associated with increased expression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1-α (PGC-1α), the Liver X receptors (LXR), and ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1), suggesting that TSF might attenuate diabetic kidney injury via a mechanism associated with improving cholesterol efflux in the diabetic kidney. This was investigated <i>in vitro</i> in mTECs, and the results showed that TSF reduced the PA-stimulated cholesterol accumulation in mTECs. Mechanistically, the addition of TSF was capable of reversing PA-induced downregulation of PGC-1α, LXR, and ABCA1 expression and cholesterol accumulation in mTECs, suggesting that TSF might act the protection via the PGC-1α-LXR-ABCA1 pathway to improve the cholesterol efflux in the renal tissues of db/db mice. This was further confirmed by silencing ABCA1 to block the promotive effect of TSF on cholesterol efflux <i>in vitro</i>. In conclusion, TSF might ameliorate diabetic kidney injuries by promoting ABCA1-mediated renal cholesterol efflux.
Apicidin F: Characterization and Genetic Manipulation of a New Secondary Metabolite Gene Cluster in the Rice Pathogen Fusarium fujikuroi (2014)

The fungus F. fujikuroi is well known for its production of gibberellins causing the 'bakanae' disease of rice. Besides these plant hormones, it is able to produce other secondary metabolites (SMs), such as pigments and mycotoxins. Genome sequencing revealed altogether 45 potential SM gene clusters, most of which are cryptic and silent. In this study we characterize a new non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) gene cluster that is responsible for the production of the cyclic tetrapeptide apicidin F (APF). This new SM has structural similarities to the known histone deacetylase inhibitor apicidin. To gain insight into the biosynthetic pathway, most of the 11 cluster genes were deleted, and the mutants were analyzed by HPLC-DAD and HPLC-HRMS for their ability to produce APF or new derivatives. Structure elucidation was carried out be HPLC-HRMS and NMR analysis. We identified two new derivatives of APF named apicidin J and K. Furthermore, we studied the regulation of APF biosynthesis and showed that the cluster genes are expressed under conditions of high nitrogen and acidic pH in a manner dependent on the nitrogen regulator AreB, and the pH regulator PacC. In addition, over-expression of the atypical pathway-specific transcription factor (TF)-encoding gene APF2 led to elevated expression of the cluster genes under inducing and even repressing conditions and to significantly increased product yields. Bioinformatic analyses allowed the identification of a putative Apf2 DNA-binding ("Api-box") motif in the promoters of the APF genes. Point mutations in this sequence motif caused a drastic decrease of APF production indicating that this motif is essential for activating the cluster genes. Finally, we provide a model of the APF biosynthetic pathway based on chemical identification of derivatives in the cultures of deletion mutants.
Minimally Invasive and Robotic Mitral Valve Surgery: Methods and Outcomes in a 20-Year Review (2021)

In the mid- to late-1990s the cardiac surgery community began to apply limited incisions in mitral valve surgery. Ministernotomies and right-sided minithoracotomies were placed instead of the classic midline sternotomy. Adjunct technology such as videoscopy, advanced peripheral cannulation techniques, procedure specific long shafted surgical instruments, as well as surgical robots became available, and the procedures were refined in a stepwise fashion. In 2021, minimally invasive mitral valve repair is routine at many centers around the globe. We reviewed a total of 50 consecutive patient series published on the topic between 1999 and 2019. Three main versions of minimally invasive mitral valve surgery were applied in 20,539 patients. The surgical methods, their specific results, and the cumulative outcome of less invasive mitral valve surgery published over more than 20 years are reported and an integrated view on what less invasive mitral valve surgery can offer is presented.
Advances in radiation therapy for head and neck cancer (1995)

This review of 1994 reports regarding head and neck cancer radiotherapy emphasizes laboratory and clinical research concerning the subject of tumor proliferation kinetics and altered fractionation schedules. Current knowledge regarding the importance of overall treatment time in curative head and neck radiotherapy is reviewed, as are several of the active phase III fractionation trials worldwide. Selected studies regarding head and neck cancer brachytherapy, hypoxic radiosensitization, three-dimensional treatment planning, new diagnostic imaging applications, charged particle irradiation, late tissue effects, and the influence of smoking on radiotherapy treatment results are described. Recent reports that describe organ preservation with radiotherapy alone and that introduce quality of life and outcomes research pertaining to head and neck cancer are also identified.
The Vanadium Redox Reactions – Electrocatalysis versus Non‐Electrocatalysis (2019)

Catalytic effects of surface groups on porous carbon electrodes are claimed in literature for the redox reactions V(II)/V(III) and V(IV)/V(V). The literature is critically analysed also in relation to work of this group. A method how to overcome the problem of assessing the electrochemically active surface area on porous electrodes is presented. Applying this method, no catalytic effects for above reactions can be substantiated. It is further pointed out that the parameters electrochemical potential and temperature need to be used to assess electrocatalysis.
Palladium-Catalyzed Desulfitative Arylation by C–O Bond Cleavage of Aryl Triflates with Sodium Arylsulfinates (2012)

An efficient Pd-catalyzed desulfitative coupling reaction of sodium arylsulfinates as arylation reagents by C-O bond cleavage of aryl triflates was developed. With only 2 mol % of Pd(OAc)(2) as catalyst and XPhos as ligand, the reaction proceeded well for a range of substrates.
Notch elimination in polycide gate stack etching for advanced DRAM technology (2002)

The notch phenomenon in etching of complex TEOS/oxynitride/WSi/sub x//poly DRAM gate stacks is eliminated by adding N/sub 2/ gas in the poly over-etch (OE) step. The N/sub 2/ addition in poly OE can passivate poly surface against Cl-atom attack; however, it also results in increasing poly residues. Therefore, by increasing the over-etch time of WSi/sub x/ etching, these residues can be removed. The optimized recipe can achieve both residue-free and notch-free processing with no impact on the critical dimensions (CD) of the gate stack and remaining oxide after etching.
ChemInform Abstract: Silicon‐Functionalized Silyl Enol Ethers. Part 4. Effects of Variations of Alkoxy Substituents upon Cyclizations of Dialkoxy‐2‐ chloroethylsilyl Enol Ethers to Form 2,2‐Dialkoxy‐1‐oxa‐2‐ silacyclohexanes. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Causal Lifting and Link Prediction (2023)

Existing causal models for link prediction assume an underlying set of inherent node factors -- an innate characteristic defined at the node's birth -- that governs the causal evolution of links in the graph. In some causal tasks, however, link formation is path-dependent: The outcome of link interventions depends on existing links. Unfortunately, these existing causal methods are not designed for path-dependent link formation, as the cascading functional dependencies between links (arising from path dependence) are either unidentifiable or require an impractical number of control variables. To overcome this, we develop the first causal model capable of dealing with path dependencies in link prediction. In this work we introduce the concept of causal lifting, an invariance in causal models of independent interest that, on graphs, allows the identification of causal link prediction queries using limited interventional data. Further, we show how structural pairwise embeddings exhibit lower bias and correctly represent the task's causal structure, as opposed to existing node embeddings, e.g., graph neural network node embeddings and matrix factorization. Finally, we validate our theoretical findings on three scenarios for causal link prediction tasks: knowledge base completion, covariance matrix estimation and consumer-product recommendations.
Synthesis and Stereochemical Assignment of Angucycline Antibiotic, PD-116740 (2008)

Abstract The first total synthesis and absolute structure assignment of PD-116740 (2) was achieved by exploiting two key steps: 1) a thermal ring expansion of a benzocyclobutene derivative, and 2) pinacol cyclization of biaryl dialdehyde.
Bulk and Surface Conduction in CVD SiO2 and PSG Passivation Layers (1976)

Measurements of electrical conduction in the bulk of chemical vapor deposited (CVD) and phosphosilicate glass (PSG) passivation layers typically used for over‐metal IC protection are reported. Moisture uptake increases the bulk conductivity, and the moisture effects depend on phosphorus content. The bulk current thermal activation energy of CVD (0.6 eV) is constant with varying moisture exposure. Before moisture exposure, phosphorus‐containing glass has an activation energy of 0.8 eV, and it decreases with moisture exposure. Surface conductivity is also reported as a function of relative humidity. Conductivity values are related to IC leakage currents, and it is suggested that bulk currents in PSG should not contribute to aluminum corrosion in the absence of defects, such as cracks or pinholes.
NAD(P)H:Quinone Oxidoreductase 1 Expression in Kidney Podocytes (2003)

NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1; DT-diaphorase; DTD) is a cytosolic two-electron reductase, and compounds of the quinone family such as mitomycin C are efficiently bioactivated by this enzyme. The observation that DT-diaphorase is highly expressed in many cancerous tissues compared to normal tissues has provided us with a potentially selective target that can be exploited in the design of novel anticancer agents. Because of the relative lack of information about the cell-specific expression of DT-diaphorase, the purpose of this study was to map the distribution of this enzyme in normal human tissues. Fifteen tissue samples from normal human kidney were analyzed for expression of DT-diaphorase by immunohistochemistry (two-step indirect method). We found a specific high expression of DT-diaphorase in glomerular visceral epithelial cells (podocytes). These results suggest that a high expression of DT-diaphorase in podocytes could play a major role in the pathogenesis of renal toxicity and mitomycin C-induced hemolytic uremic syndrome, in which injury to the glomerular filtration mechanism is the primary damage, leading to a cascade of deleterious events including microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia. This observation has potential therapeutic implications because the DT-diaphorase metabolic pathway is influenced by many agents, including drugs, diet, and environmental cell factors such as pH and oxygen tension.
Searching the Web with SHOE (2000)

Abstract : Although search engine technology has improved in recent years, there are still many types of searches that return unsatisfactory results. This situation can be greatly improved if web pages use a semantic markup language to describe their content. We have developed SHOE, a language for this purpose, and in this paper describe a scenario for how the language could be used by search engines of the future. A major challenge to this system is designing a query tool that can exploit the power of a knowledge base while still being simple enough for the casual user. We present the SHOE Search tool, which allows the user to specify a context for his or her query, and then uses the context to help the user build a query by example.
Intraductal papillary neoplasms of bile duct. A distinct entity like its counterpart in pancreas. (2008)

To recognize the new entity-intraductal papillary neoplasia of bile duct in liver, the authors reviewed the clinical records of sixteen patients, analyzed the microscopic features, and selected immunohistochemical reactivity (cytokeratins and mucins) that might correlate with classification. Ten patients were male and six were female, with a mean age of 58 years (range, 21-73 years). According to their cell phenotypes, these papillary tumors were classified as intestinal type (6 cases), pancratobiliary type (4 cases), gastric type (5 cases) and oncocytic type (1 case). Most were located in the left hepatic duct and accompanied with bile duct dilatation (10 cases). Eight showed minimal expansile invasion into the ductal wall and eight were noninvasive. Five patients were treated with a hepatectomy, three underwent segmental resections, and one underwent a left hepatic lobectomy. One patient died of unrelated causes 6 years after operation, and another died of postoperative complications. The remaining 7 patients are alive and disease free 1-5 years after surgery. Because of its distinct clinical, pathological features and a favorable prognosis can be expected after complete surgical resection, we suggested that intraductal papillary neoplasia should be distinguished from other types of peripheral cholangiocarcinoma, as a distinct entity, like its counterparts in the pancreas. Neoexpressed and overexpressed mucins are of clinical value as a marker for supportive diagnosis, prognosis or monitoring therapy.
Interrelation between the orientation of the polymer chains and the mesogenic groups in crosslinked liquid crystalline polymers (2007)

In crosslinked liquid crystalline polymers, the polymer chains can be oriented by mechanical forces, and the mesogenic groups should orient independently in electric fields. Thus crosslinked liquid crystalline polymers should allow the investigation of the interrelation between the orientation of polymer chains and mesogenic groups. The possibility of orienting the mesogenic groups by mechanical forces (via the polymer chains) is of considerable interest, if liquid crystalline phases with special properties, e. g. ferroelectric properties, are considered. Synthetic routes to uncrosslinked and crosslinked polymers with these properties are discussed.