gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spectral Tailoring Using Solid-State Lighting Phosphors (2022)

Various phosphor systems are demonstrated to provide unique and un-matched spectral tailoring for human-centric lighting and for a wide range of spectroscopy and instrumentation across the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared parts of the spectrum.
Sports and fitness nutrition (2003)

Unit I: NUTRITION, EXERCISE, HEALTH AND FITNESS. 1. Nutrition, Exercise and Health. 2. Anatomy and Physiology of Exercise. 3. Basic Concepts in Exercise and Fitness. Unit II: ENERGY, BODY WEIGHT/COMPOSITION AND EXERCISE. 4. Carbohydrate and Exercise. 5. Amino Acids, Protein and Exercise. 6. Fat and Exercise. 7. Energy Balance, Body Weight and Composition. Unit III: VITAMINS, MINERALS, WATER AND EXERCISE. 8. Water, Hydration and Exercise. 9. Vitamins and Exercise. 10. Minerals and Exercise. Unit IV: APPLIED SPORT AND FITNESS NUTRITION CONCEPTS. 11. Sport Food, Drinks and Supplements and Ergogenic Aids. 12. Strength and Resistance Exercise and Training. 13. Endurance Exercise and Training. 14. Training and Nutrition for Specific Sports. 15. Nutrition, Exercise and Special Populations. Appendix A: The RDAs and DRIs. Appendix B: Diet Assessment and Nutrition Screening Tools. Appendix C: List of Web Sites. Appendix D: Energy Expenditure of Different Activities. Appendix E: Molecular Structures of Key Nutrients. Appendix F: Answers to Study Questions. Appendix G: Glossary.
Adenovirus vector vaccines (2022)

非増殖型アデノウイルスベクターは、in vivoへの直接投与において優れた遺伝子導入活性を示すことから、病原体由来の抗原タンパク質を発現させることにより、新興・再興感染症に対するワクチンベクターとして積極的な開発が進められてきた。最近では、新型コロナウイルス感染症（COVID-19）に対するワクチンとして、欧米中露において迅速な実用化がなされた。本稿では、アデノウイルスベクターの特性、COVID-19に対するアデノウイルスベクターワクチンの特徴、およびアデノウイルスベクターワクチンの可能性について解説する。
Local determination of the constitutive law of a dense suspension of noncolloidal particles through magnetic resonance imaging (2006)

We investigate the flowing behavior of dense suspensions of noncolloidal particles, by coupling macroscopic rheometric experiments and local velocity and concentration measurements through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques. We find that the flow is localized at low velocities, and that the material is inhomogeneous; the local laws inferred from macroscopic rheometric observations must then be reinterpreted in light of these local observations. We show that the short time response to a velocity step allows dense suspensions to be characterized locally: they have a purely viscous behavior, without any observable influence of granular friction. In the “jammed” zone, there may be a contact network, whereas in the sheared zone there are only hydrodynamic interactions: localization consists of a change in configuration at the grain scale. From the concentration and velocity profiles, we provide for the first time local measurements of the concentration dependence of viscosity, and find a Krieger-Dougherty law η(ϕ)=η0(1−ϕ∕0.605)−2 to apply. Shear-induced migration is almost instantaneous, in contrast to most other observations, and implies that the diffusion coefficients depend strongly on the concentration. We finally propose a simple constitutive law for dense suspensions, based on a purely viscous behavior, that accounts for all the macroscopic and local observations.
Stężenie 25-hydroksywitaminy D (25-OH-D) u otyłych nastolatków (2011)

Background: There is increasing evidence that vitamin D deficiency is common and has been associated with several non-bone related outcomes, including insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The influences of gender, puberty, and adiposity on serum hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D) levels and the relationship between 25-OH-D and insulin resistance in obese children were studied. Material and methods: Age, gender, pubertal stage, weight status (standard deviation score of body mass index: BMI-SDS, percentage body fat, waist circumference), 25-OH-D levels, and insulin resistance index calculated by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) were evaluated in 64 obese adolescents. Multivariable linear regression was used to determine factors associated with decreased serum 25-OH-D levels and to study the relationship between 25-OH-D and HOMA-IR. Results: Median serum 25-OH-D level was 10.1 ng/mL (25.2 nmol/L). 14% of patients were vitamin D-sufficient (25-OH-D ≥ 20 ng/mL), 36% had intermediate values (11–19 ng/mL), and 50% were deficient (25-OH-D ≤ 10 ng/mL). In the multivariable model, older age, puberty, higher value of percentage of body fat, and the presence of acanthosis nigricans (AN) were all negatively associated with 25-OH-D. Lower 25-OH-D levels were also associated with higher blood glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR after adjustment for puberty and SDS-BMI. Summer positively correlated with 25-OH-D level. Conclusion: Our study confirms that obesity is a risk factor for vitamin D deficiency. Hypovitaminosis D, common in obese adolescents at risk for type 2 diabetes (older age, puberty, acanthosis nigricans) is associated with worse insulin resistance. (Pol J Endocrinol 2011; 62 (6): 506–511)
Wheel design and tension analysis for the tethered axel rover on extreme terrain (2009)

As the Mars Exploration rovers have reaffirmed, some of the most interesting sites for scientists to explore on planetary surfaces lie in terrains that are currently inaccessible to state-of-the art rovers. We have been developing the Axel rover as a robotic platform to access steep and challenging terrain. We will summarize the recent mechanical upgrades since we introduced the tethered Axel concept last year. In this paper, we will also investigate how different wheel parameters affect Axel's performance on various terrain types. We will begin with a theoretical analysis and then present our experimental results from testing with different wheel designs on flat, sloped, and rocky terrain. Tether tension management is essential for reliable and safe operation of the Axel rover. We will demonstrate a design that uses Axel's three actuators and its body for reeling and unreeling the tether. We will then present theoretical tension calculations and compare them to experimental results in which we implemented a tension sensor to directly measure the forces on the tether.
Field trap test for bioassay of synthetic (1S,4R)-4-isopropyl-1-methyl-2-cyclohexen-1-ol as an aggregation pheromone of Platypus quercivorus (Coleoptera: Platipodidae) (2007)

An ambrosia beetle, Platypus quercivorus, is a vector of Japanese oak wilt, which causes massive mortality of oak trees in Japan. Previous studies have identified (1S,4R)-4-isopropyl-1-methyl-2-cyclohexen-1-ol ((−)-IMCH) as the major component of the aggregation pheromone of P. quercivorus. We tested the ability of synthetic (−)-IMCH to attract P. quercivorus adults. The synthetic compound attracted 14.4 times as many P. quercivorus, of both sexes, as control traps. Control and (−)-IMCH-baited traps both captured 3.32 times as many males as females, probably because of the nature of Lindgren funnel traps and of male-biased emergence sex ratio early in the season of adult flights. (−)-IMCH was proved to be a major component of the aggregation pheromone of P. quercivorus.
Isoflurane Has a Greater Margin of Safety than Halothane in Swine with and Without Major Surgery or Critical Coronary Stenosis (1987)

The fatal/anesthetic ratio (FAR) in 44 swine weighing 32.6 +/- 0.7 kg (SEM) was determined. Fatal anesthetic concentration (the numerator for FAR) was defined as the end-tidal concentration at which the pig lived at least 10 min, during experiments that involved step increments in anesthetic concentrations. Previously reported MAC was used as the "anesthetic" concentration (denominator) to determine FAR. Halothane was compared to isoflurane and the question of whether major surgery might reduce FAR was investigated. The major surgery groups included one open chest group with each volatile anesthetic studied during coronary reserve measurements, and two groups that had LAD critical coronary stenoses. Thus volatile agents were compared with vs without major surgery, and with vs without a critical coronary stenosis. The FAR for isoflurane was approximately double that of halothane. Further, addition of major surgery did not produce significant deterioration in FAR with isoflurane. In contrast, with halothane there was a significant (approximately 20%) decrease in FAR, despite values already only half that seen with isoflurane, when major surgery was added. Presence of a critical coronary stenosis was not associated with a worsened FAR for isoflurane or halothane. It was concluded that the fatal/anesthetic ratio for isoflurane in pigs is 1.9 times greater than that for halothane. Addition of major surgery did not affect FAR when isoflurane was the anesthetic but did when halothane was used. Critical coronary stenosis did not worsen FAR. Because these results are nearly identical with those reported previously in small mammals, the doubled safety margin seen with isoflurane may have clinical relevance.
Performance analysis of re-entrant manufacturing networks under surplus-based production control (2012)

Motivated by the problem of scheduling in large semiconductor manufacturing facilities we study the performance of multi re-entrant production networks. In this paper we present the results of the study on the influence of perturbations, buffer inventory levels and the number of manufacturing stages on the production tracking error of each machine in the network operated under a surplus-based production control policy. First the performance of a single machine with multiple production stages is analyzed. As a result we provide bounds on the steady state production demand tracking accuracy of each stage as well as bounds on the content of each intermediate buffer. Furthermore a detailed dependency relation between the efficiency of the production tracking and the intermediate inventory levels of a re-entrant machine is obtained. Then our analysis is extended to a line of multi re-entrant machines. For this network structure accuracy bounds on production tracking error of each stage as well as intermediate inventory levels are obtained. Finally by means of simulation examples we show that the obtained results have an important meaning and can be used as a reference tool in practice.
Optimum data rate in cellular systems (2003)

The spectrum efficiency in a cellular radio system is affected by the data rates used in the system. High data rates may result in low spectrum efficiency if the frequency reuse is low. The spectrum efficiency may be enhanced by using adaptive modulation with carefully chosen data rates. We present an analytical method, based on a lower bound on the BER, for finding the best data rates. The method results in the best code rates to be used with QPSK, 8-PSK, and 16-QAM in an adaptive fashion. The general conclusion is that a large number of carefully chosen data rates enhances the spectrum efficiency.
Future Treatment Options in PBC (2005)

Because the etiopathogenesis of PBC is incompletely defined, curative therapies have not been identified, and the focus has been on prevention of disease progression. Ursodeoxycholic acid retards progression and is likely to be combined with newer therapies in future trials. Advances in our understanding of the roles of retroviral infection and autoimmune responses of T and B cells to PBC-specific autoantigens provides rationales for studies of the safety and efficacy of antiretroviral, immunosuppressive, and immunomodulatory agents in PBC. Promising options include inhibition of (1) T-cell activation and proliferation; (2) transendothelial migration and activation of effector cells; (4) cytokine and immunoglobulin effector mechanisms; and (5) inflammation and oxidation. Depletion and immunomodulation of T and B cells may provide opportunities to thwart re-emergence of effector mechanisms. Induction of tolerance in susceptible people before onset of disease or of hyporesponsiveness in established disease is increasingly feasible, as is prevention of biliary fibrosis.
Increased Extracellular Nucleosome Levels and Microparticles in Atrial Fibrillation Patients Compared to the Age-Matched Normal Population (2016)

Abstract Introduction : Atrial fibrillation (AF) is currently the most common cardiac arrhythmia encountered in clinical practice and a major cause of morbidity and mortality among adults. It is estimated that atrial fibrillation affects approximately 2.7 million people in the United States. Extracellular plasma nucleosomes (PNs) are complexes of DNA and histones that are released during cell death. Histones have been shown to function as DAMPs when they are translocated from the nucleus to the extracellular space. It is hypothesized that these extracellular nucleosomes contribute to the observed hypercoagulable state and embolic complications in AF. Methods : The concentration of PNs in 48 plasma samples of atrial fibrillation patients and 38 aged-matched controls were measured using the Cell Death Detection ELISA PLUS assay (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany) and functional microparticle levels were measured using an annexin binding method (Hyphen Biomedical, Paris, France). Results : When comparing the concentration of nucleosomes in plasma, the atrial fibrillation patients (306.1 ± 328.86 μg/mL) had much higher levels than the aged-matched controls (177.9 ± 146.7 μg/mL), (p = 0.0015). Functional microparticles were also markedly elevated in the AF patients (18.6 ± 4.1 nM) in comparison to the aged-matched controls (4.6 ± 3.1 nM), (p=0.001). A significant correlation was observed between the PN's and microparticles, (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusion : Both the microparticles and PNs were elevated in atrial fibrillation when compared to aged-matched controls, suggesting increased cell death resulting in the generation of these biomarkers. Extracellular nucleosomes function as DAMPs by binding to receptors and triggering the activation of multiple signal pathways which may contribute to the elevation of microparticles. Due to the involvement of inflammation and thrombosis in the pathology of atrial fibrillation, the simultaneously increased circulating nucleosome and microparticle levels in patients with AF implies their role in the pathogenesis of this syndrome. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Co-transfection with protein kinase D confers phorbol-ester-mediated inhibition on glucagon-stimulated cAMP accumulation in COS cells transfected to overexpress glucagon receptors (1997)

Glucagon elicited a profound increase in the intracellular cAMP concentration of COS-7 cells which had been transiently transfected with a cDNA encoding the rat glucagon receptor and under conditions where cAMP phosphodiesterase activity was fully inhibited. This was achieved in a dose-dependent fashion with an EC50 of 1.8+/-0.4 nM glucagon. In contrast with previous observations made using hepatocytes [Heyworth, Whetton, Kinsella and Houslay (1984) FEBS Lett. 170, 38-42], treatment of transfected COS-7 cells with PMA did not inhibit the ability of glucagon to increase intracellular cAMP levels. PMA-mediated inhibition was not conferred by treatment with okadaic acid, nor by co-transfecting cells with cDNAs encoding various protein kinase C isoforms (PKC-alpha, PKC-betaII and PKC-epsilon) or with the PMA-activated G-protein-receptor kinases GRK2 and GRK3. In contrast, PMA induced the marked inhibition of glucagon-stimulated cAMP production in COS-7 cells that had been co-transfected with a cDNA encoding protein kinase D (PKD). Such inhibition was not due to an action on the catalytic unit of adenylate cyclase, as forskolin-stimulated cAMP production was unchanged by PMA treatment of COS cells that had been co-transfected with both the glucagon receptor and PKD. PKD transcripts were detected in RNA isolated from hepatocytes but not from COS-7 cells. Transcripts for GRK2 were present in hepatocytes but not in COS cells, whereas transcripts for GRK3 were not found in either cell type. It is suggested that PKD may play a role in the regulation of glucagon-stimulated adenylate cyclase.
Role of interleukin 10 in specific immunotherapy. (1998)

The induction of allergen-specific anergy in peripheral T cells represents a key step in specific immunotherapy (SIT). Here we demonstrate that the anergic state results from increased IL-10 production. In bee venom (BV)-SIT the specific proliferative and cytokine responses against the main allergen, the phospholipase A2 (PLA), and T cell epitope-containing PLA peptides were significantly suppressed after 7 d of treatment. Simultaneously, the production of IL-10 increased during BV-SIT. After 28 d of BV-SIT the anergic state was established. Intracytoplasmic cytokine staining of PBMC combined with surface marker detection revealed that IL-10 was produced initially by activated CD4(+)CD25(+), allergen-specific T cells, and followed by B cells and monocytes. Neutralization of IL-10 in PBMC fully reconstituted the specific proliferative and cytokine responses. A similar state of IL-10-associated T cell anergy, as induced in BV-SIT, was found in hyperimmune individuals who recently had received multiple bee stings. The addition of IL-10 to soluble CD40 ligand IL-4-stimulated PBMC or purified B cells inhibited the PLA-specific and total IgE and enhanced the IgG4 formation. Accordingly, increased IL-10 production by SIT causes specific anergy in peripheral T cells, and regulates specific IgE and IgG4 production toward normal IgG4-related immunity.
Sox3 Affects Kit Expression in a Differentiated Germ Cell Line. (2010)

The Sry high mobility group box containing protein, Sox3, is a transcription factor that is involved in spermatogenesis in mice. Male mice that lack Sox3 have fewer germ cells within the seminiferous tubules by two weeks after birth. This spermatogenic block occurs during spermatogonial differentiation in prepubertal animals. The targets of Sox3 during spermatogenesis have not been discovered. The receptor tyrosine kinase, Kit, is expressed in differentiated spermatogonia and has been used as a marker for this germ cell population. Through fluorescent-activated cell sorting, we determined Sox3 knockout male testes contain fewer Kit-expressing cells than their wildtype littermates. Kit signaling is important for proliferation and differentiation in many cell types, including differentiated spermatogonia. Bioinformatic analysis of the Kit promoter revealed five putative SOX binding sites. Addition of Sox3 to a differentiated spermatogonia cell line induces Kit expression and activation. These results led to the hypothesis that Sox3 may directly regulate Kit expression. Here we determine if Sox3 directly affects Kit expression by binding to its promoter. We also investigate how Sox3 and Kit affect germ cell proliferation and differentiation in vitro. This research is supported by NIH grant U01HD043425. (platform)
ChemInform Abstract: Structure and Magnetic Properties of R(FeVB)12 Compounds. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Effects of amino acids substitution of hydrophobic residues on haem-binding properties of designed two-α-helix peptides (1999)

We have designed and synthesized a series of amphiphilic two-α-helix peptides, which bound FeIII-mesoporphyrin (haem) through a ligation of two His residues. In the designed structure, amino acid residues arranged around the axial ligands were systematically substituted by hydrophobic Phe, Ile, Leu, Val and Ala residues, in order to know how their hydrophobic and/or steric differences influenced the interaction between the peptides and haem. The binding constants of the peptides with haem, which were estimated from UV–VIS measurements, were significantly correlated with the hydrophobicity at the haem-binding site. Size-exclusion chromatography demonstrated that a tetrameric assembly of peptides was induced cooperatively by the haem-binding. Furthermore, computer-modeling studies suggested that van der Waals contacts between the haem and the side-chains of amino acids around His were important for effective haem-binding. Especially, a Phe residue introduced at an appropriate position contributed to effective haem-binding via the edge-to-face interaction between the aromatic Phe side-chain and the porphyrin ring. In addition to the haem-binding properties of the peptides, the catalytic activity of the haem bound to peptides, which was similar to that of peroxidase, varied significantly depending on the amino acid composition at the haem-binding site. The results obtained in this study demonstrated that the amino acid composition and arrangement at the haem-binding site affected the haem-binding properties of the artificially designed two-α-helix peptides and the catalytic activity of the haem bound to the peptides.
Evaluation of Methods Used in Meat Iron Analysis and Iron Content of Raw and Cooked Meats (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEvaluation of Methods Used in Meat Iron Analysis and Iron Content of Raw and Cooked MeatsCharles E. Carpenter and Eli ClarkCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1995, 43, 7, 1824–1827Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00055a014https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00055a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1234Altmetric-Citations67LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fast ray tracing of sequences by ray history evaluation (2002)

Presents a method to reduce the time needed to render a sequence of ray traced images. We exploit the temporal and spatial coherence between consecutive frames. The algorithm does not only inspect the image plane in order to find regions with minor changes; the object space is analyzed by evaluating the so called ray history. With this method we obtain a speedup in the range of 1.2 to 2.8 almost without visible loss of quality. The method is more or less independent of the used ray trace algorithm and can be implemented in many ray trace programs without too much effort.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>