gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Large eddy simulation of turbulent flow over transverse variations in aerodynamic roughness length. (2014)

Large Eddy Simulation of Turbulent Flow Over Transverse Variations in Aerodynamic Roughness Length David Willingham, M.S.M.E. Committee Chairperson: William C. Anderson, Ph.D. A great deal of literature has been published regarding the impact of complex roughness on turbulent flow. However, the topic of transverse variations in surface roughness, has received relatively little attention. In this thesis, large-eddy simulation is used to investigate the effects on turbulent, high Reynolds number flow, caused by periodic step-changes in aerodynamic roughness length, which persist in the streamwise direction. A parametric study is conducted with respect to the ratio of high to low roughness length and the transverse width of high roughness regions. Results show that lateral momentum flux across shear layers, generates secondary flows in the vicinity of transverse transitions in roughness. These secondary flows form boundary layer scale, counter-rotating vortices, which redistribute turbulence and momentum throughout the entire domain and create time-invariant regions of relatively low and high momentum, above low and high surface roughness, respectively. Large Eddy Simulation of Turbulent Flow Over Transverse Variations in Aerodynamic Roughness Length by David Willingham, B.S. A Thesis Approved by the Department of Mechanical Engineering William Jordan, Ph.D., Chairperson Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Baylor University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering Approved by the Thesis Committee William C. Anderson, Ph.D., Chairperson David A. Jack, Ph.D. John M. Davis, Ph.D. Accepted by the Graduate School August 2014 J. Larry Lyon, Ph.D., Dean Page bearing signatures is kept on file in the Graduate School. Copyright c © 2014 by David Willingham All rights reserved
Surface Modification for Promoting Durable, Efficient, and Selective Electrocatalysts (2020)

Abstract Intensive research into the design of catalysts involved in energy conversion and fuel cell technologies has allowed great progress in the field. However, durable, efficient and selective electrocatalytic systems for the activation of fuel molecules at the lowest cost are still needed. The most developed strategies consist of tailoring the shape, size and composition of metallic nanomaterials. Yet, deliberate surface modification of the catalysts should be considered as a promising alternative approach. The functionalization of metallic catalysts with organic ligands has been recently demonstrated to promote high catalytic activity. This Review focuses on the functionalization of metallic or alloy catalysts with organic ligands, showing the impact of the surface modification for different materials and different reactions. Hybrid systems based on this alternative strategy could contribute to the elaboration of cutting‐edge systems for electrocatalysis.
Structure, stability and electronic properties of composite Mo1–xNbxS2 nanotubes (2006)

Abstract The effect of Mo → Nb substitution on the electronic structure of MoS 2 nanotubes has been investigated using the density functional tight binding method (DFTB). It has been found that composite Mo 1– x Nb x S 2 nanotubes (with Nb contents of 5, 10 and 25 at%) are more stable than the corresponding pure tubes, especially for larger tube diameters. The defect‐formation energy indicates that the most stable dopant arrangement is a NbS 2 stripe along the tube direction. However, entropy effects may favor a random arrangement of Nb dopant atoms at high temperatures in the tubes with a larger diameter. All of the studied Mo 1– x Nb x S 2 nanotubes have metallic properties, independent of their chirality, diameters and ordering type of substitutional atoms. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Detection of koi herpesvirus in common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., by loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (2004)

Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a novel method that amplifies DNA with high specificity and rapidity under isothermal conditions. In this study, using the LAMP method, a protocol for koi herpes virus (KHV) detection in common carp was designed. A set of four primers, two inner and two outer, were designed based on the sequence of the thymidine kinase (tk) gene of KHV. Time and temperature conditions for detection of KHV were optimized for 60 min at 65 degrees C. The detection limit using LAMP was found to be similar to that by polymerase chain reaction. In this study, we have developed a highly sensitive and rapid diagnostic procedure for detection of KHV infection in common carp.
Simple approach to fabricate AgBr nanoparticles/polyvinylpyrrolidone microspheres (2010)

A general synthetic method for preparing AgBr nanoparticles/polyvinylpyrrolidone composite microspheres has been developed. The authors have successfully prepared composite microspheres containing AgBr nanoparticles by employing the sol–gel technique and electrospinning technique. The composite micro- and nanospheres have much enhanced properties than the polymer microspheres. The method is simple and effective. The structures and components of composites that the authors obtained are established by field-emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The composite microspheres have extensive foreground as catalyst materials, photochromic materials and antibacterial materials.
The diagnostic value and functional roles of phosphoglycerate mutase 1 in glioma (2016)

Previous studies indicated that phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (PGAM1) is involved in many cancer types and promotes breast cancer progression. However, the role of PGAM1 in glioma remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the association of PGAM1 expression with glioma grade and the role of PGAM1 in proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion of glioma cells. The mRNA and protein expression of PGAM1 was analysed in glioma tissues and normal brain tissues. The expression of PGAM1 was examined further by immunohistochemical analysis. In addition, we inhibited the expression of PGAM1 in glioma cell line by siRNA to evaluate its role in glioma proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion. The mRNA and protein expression of PGAM1 was significantly greater in glioma than normal brain tissues. PGAM1 expression was associated with the WHO grade of glioma. siRNA knockdown of PGAM1 significantly inhibited glioma cell proliferation, promoted glioma cell apoptosis, induced S phase cell cycle arrest and inhibited glioma cell migration and invasion in vitro. PGAM1 may be associated with the grade of glioma and be involved in the biological behavior of glioma cells. PGAM1 might be a novel therapeutic target in glioma.
Identification of a Collagen-Binding Protein fromNecator americanusby Using acDNA-Expression Phage Display Library (2001)

A phage display library was made starting from a cDNA library from the hematophagous human parasite Necator americanus. The cDNA library was transferred by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) cloning into phage display vectors (phagemids), using specially designed primers such that proteins would be expressed as fusions with the C-terminal part of the phage coat protein pVI. The vectors used are multicloning site variants of the original pDONG vectors described by Jespers et al. (1995). Electroporation of the ligation mixtures into electrocompetent Escherichia coli TGI cells yielded 3 x 10(8) pG6A, 1.9 x 10(8) pG6B, and 1 x 10(8) pG6C transfectants for N. americanus. The final libraries consisted of a mix of equal numbers of insert-containing phages from the A, B, and C libraries. Selection of phages for binding to human collagen was performed. Four rounds of panning on human collagens I and III resulted in a significant enrichment of collagen-binding phages from the N. americanus libraries. PCR analysis revealed various insert lengths; however, sequence determination indicated that all phages contained the same protein, albeit with different poly-A tail lengths. The encoded protein itself is a 135-amino acid protein (15 kDa), with no apparent homology to any other known protein. Next the protein was recloned into E. coli using the pET-15b-vector. Upon isopropyl-1-thio-beta-D-galactopyranoside induction, the recombinant protein, rNecH1, could be recovered by urea treatment from inclusion bodies. The rNecH1 protein binds to different collagens: human I > rat I > human III = calf skin I in a specific, dose-dependent, and saturable manner.
DEFINING “STRONG” VERSUS “WEAK” RESPONSE TO ANTIVASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR TREATMENT FOR CENTER-INVOLVED DIABETIC MACULAR EDEMA (2023)

These phenotypes are suitable for efforts to identify predictive biomarkers for response to anti-VEGF therapy for DME and might facilitate comparison of treatment response among diverse cohorts with DME.
Bit error rate is convex at high SNR (2010)

Motivated by a wide-spread use of convex optimization techniques, convexity properties of bit error rate of the maximum likelihood detector operating in the AWGN channel are studied for arbitrary constellations and bit mappings, which may also include coding under maximum-likelihood decoding.Under this generic setting, the pairwise probability of error and bit error rate are shown to be convex functions of the SNR in the high SNR regime with explicitly-determined boundary.The bit error rate is also shown to be a convex function of the noise power in the low noise/high SNR regime.
Evaluation of molecular brain changes associated with environmental stress in rodent models compared to human major depressive disorder: A proteomic systems approach (2016)

This is the first study to apply a method for directly evaluating the relevance of the molecular pathology of multiple animal models to human MDD on the functional level. The methodology and findings outlined here could help to overcome translational obstacles of preclinical psychiatric research.
Simple technique for two-photon absorption measurements in polymeric waveguide channels (2002)

A simple technique for two-photon absorption measurements by pulse shape deformation in channel optical waveguides is described. Measurements on a ps time scale are performed. Results are in good agreement with literature values.
Replica-immunogold technique applied to studies on measles virus morphogenesis. (1987)

The replica technique was applied to studies on the dynamic process of measles virus budding on infected HeLa cells. Virus structures were identified by labeling with anti-measles antibodies and protein A-gold. The combination of these two methods enabled us to characterize the sequence of virus budding at the plasma membrane, to localize virus structures on cytoskeletons of infected cells, and to study the influence of Ca2+ ions on virus structures at the plasma membrane. Studies on platinum carbon surface replicas suggest that the process of virus budding is similar to the genesis of cellular microvilli. Replicas prepared from cytoskeletons of infected cells reveal a close association of budding virus with actin filaments composing the outer parts of the networks. Replicas of apical plasma membranes isolated from infected cells show the attachment of viral nucleocapsids to the protoplasmic membrane face of infected cells. These nucleocapsids are not present on membranes prepared from cells treated with calcium and the ionophore A23187. In addition viral cell surface antigens become randomly distributed on these cells. The data suggest that measles virus morphogenesis at the plasma membrane of cultured cells is dependent on the function of the cytoskeleton and may be influenced by Ca2+ ions.
ChemInform Abstract: FERROCENYL‐STABILIZED TWO‐COORDINATE PHOSPHORUS CATIONS: SYNTHESIS, COORDINATION CHEMISTRY, AND MOESSBAUER SPECTROSCOPY (1981)

Abstract Die Behandlung des Chloro‐bis‐[ferrocenyl]‐phosphins (I) mit stöchiometrischen Mengen an Al 2 Cl 6 führt zur Bildung des in der Reaktionslösung mittels NMR‐ und Mößbauer‐spektroskopischen Untersuchungen neben AlCl 4 ‐Anionen bestätigten Phosphenium‐Ions (II).
Identification of Cobalt Oxides with Raman Scattering and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (2016)

Although Raman spectral fingerprints of Co3O4 have been well established, the infrared spectrum of Co3O4 is less understood due to its dependence on sample morphologies and experimental configurations. The same is true for both Raman and infrared spectra of CoO. In this study, we present a comprehensive optical characterization of Co3O4 and CoO with Raman scattering and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Two of the transverse optical (TO) phonons and their corresponding longitudinal optical (LO) phonons of Co3O4 above 500 cm–1 are observed in both transmission and diffuse reflectance with LO/TO intensity ratios depending on particle size and the incident angle of FTIR beam. CoO is featured by a broad infrared band around 510 cm–1. In contrast to many previous reports, no Raman-active phonon line is observed, which is in agreement with the selection rule for rock-salt CoO. Nevertheless, CoO can still be characterized by Raman scattering from magnetic excitations in its antiferromagnetic phase at low temperature and a two-phonon Raman band at ∼1060 cm–1.
Abstract 378: Global MicroRNA Evaluation of The Brains and Aortas of a Prenatal Stress Murine Model With Vulnerable Plaque Show Sexual Dimorphism (2013)

Introduction and Hypothesis Stress is a major cardiovascular risk factor. Preliminary studies in our lab demonstrated that prenatal stress in a murine model is associated with accelerated atherosclerosis and a vulnerable plaque phenotype at 20 weeks of age. Here, we hypothesized that prenatal stress is associated with global microRNA (miRNA) changes, possibly gender specific, and we sought to determine them by seeking such changes in two different tissues (brain and aorta) in both sexes. Methods Pregnant mixed background female mice were divided into stressed (chronic cold stress for the last 17 days of gestation) and non-stressed groups. Prenatally stressed and non-prenatally stressed offspring had urine corticosteroid levels measured at six weeks to see the effects of stress. At eight weeks the offspring were sacrificed and global miRNA levels were measured using the Affymetrix 2.0 miRNA chip on the brains and aorta. Results Urine corticosteroid levels were decreased in both genders at six weeks (p≤0.01), which has been shown in previous severe stress murine models. These were more significant in males (p=0.006) than in females (p=0.01). In eight-week-old males, there were 84 miRNAs in the brain that were dysregulated between prenatally stressed and non-stressed (p&lt;0.05). The top miRNAs in males by p-value were miR-26, miR-21, and miR-346. Females that were eight weeks old had 89 dysregulated miRNAs (p&lt;0.005) in the brain with miR-154 and miR-331 as the top miRNAs by p-value. Analysis of the aortas revealed 74 and 92 dysregulated miRNAs (p&lt;0.05) with miR-326 and miR-15 as the top hits in males and females by p-value, respectively. Of interest, these top miRNAs have, in prior published studies, been implicated in playing a role in ischemia, ischemic preconditioning, stress and endothelial degeneration. Conclusions Prenatal stress leads to variety of miRNA changes that persist into at least the eighth postnatal week of life. These alterations in miRNA levels may contribute to the development of a vulnerable plaque phenotype that we have shown to be present at 20 weeks of age in a previous study. Prenatal stress also appears to exert gender specific effects, a finding that may provide insight into gender differences in cardiovascular outcomes.
Fluoroalkylene ether silicate/Viton GLT blends: An approach toward improved low temperature flexibility (1981)

Abstract Low molecular weight fluoroalkylene ether silicate (FES) polymers demonstrating glass transition temperatures of −82°C to −91°C were obtained from the condensation polymerization of fluoroether bisdimethyl carbinols and bis(dimethylamino)methyl vinyl and dimethyl silane derivatives. Peroxide cure reactivity through the pendant vinyl moieties was demonstrated. In an effort to improve the low temperature flexibility of a peroxide curable fluorocarbon elastomer (Viton GLT from Du‐Pont), blends were prepared using the FES material as an additive cocuring plasticizer. Temperature retraction tests demonstrated an optimum 5°C (9°F) improvement in low temperature flexibility. The optimum blend formulation employed FES polymers with vinyl cure site concentrations ranging from 2.35 to 2.70 mol %. The optimum blend formulation maintained the strength and low compression set properties of the Viton GLT standard. These properties reflect sufficient cocuring between the FES and Viton GLT components to provide physical properties adequate for o ‐ring seal application. o ‐Ring seal evaluations in Freon E6.5 fluid (rod and piston seal tests) demonstrated some seal enhancement and comparable durability to standard Viton GLT o ‐rings.
Combining global and local virtual lights for detailed glossy illumination (2010)

Accurately rendering glossy materials in design applications, where previewing and interactivity are important, remains a major challenge. While many fast global illumination solutions have been proposed, all of them work under limiting assumptions on the materials and lighting in the scene. In the presence of many glossy (directionally scattering) materials, fast solutions either fail or degenerate to inefficient, brute-force simulations of the underlying light transport. In particular, many-light algorithms are able to provide fast approximations by clamping elements of the light transport matrix, but they eliminate the part of the transport that contributes to accurate glossy appearance. In this paper we introduce a solution that separately solves for the global (low-rank, dense) and local (highrank, sparse) illumination components. For the low-rank component we introduce visibility clustering and approximation, while for the high-rank component we introduce a local light technique to correct for the missing illumination. Compared to competing techniques we achieve superior gloss rendering in minutes, making our technique suitable for applications such as industrial design and architecture, where material appearance is critical.
Open-Waveguide dielectric measurements using complementary frequency selective surfaces (CFSS) (2015)

For the accurate characterization of the dielectric properties of substrates used in electromagnetic (EM) applications, robust techniques have been developed including plane-wave illumination, waveguides and resonators to meet this requirement. In previous work, the authors introduced a Waveguide-Resonator method; the resonator is the CFSS - complementary frequency selective surfaces, for dielectric constant measurements (C.C. Njoku et al., Proc. EuCAP, 2420–2422, 2013). Examining the resonant frequency, quality (Q) factor and insertion loss differences of the CFSS with and without the material under test (MUT), the permittivity and loss tangent of the MUT can be calculated. This method required the MUT cut to the WG aperture size and placed next to the CFSS within the WG in a closed environment. This paper examines the use of an open WG with one end covered by the CFSS and the sample placed over the WG flange to fully cover the aperture. Whilst the Q is low, this technique is versatile and low cost.
Java without the coffee breaks (2001)

The deployment of Java as a concurrent programming language has created a critical need for high-performance, concurrent, and incremental multiprocessor garbage collection. We present the Recycler, a fully concurrent pure reference counting garbage collector that we have implemented in the Jalapeno Java virtual machine running on shared memory multiprocessors.While a variety of multiprocessor collectors have been proposed and some have been implemented, experimental data is limited and there is little quantitative basis for comparison between different algorithms. We present measurements of the Recycler and compare it against a non-concurrent but parallel load-balancing mark-and-sweep collector (that we also implemented in Jalapeno), and evaluate the classical tradeoff between response time and throughput.When processor or memory resources are limited, the Recycler runs at about 90% of the speed of the mark-and-sweep collector. However, with an extra processor to run collection and with a moderate amount of memory headroom, the Recycler is able to operate without ever blocking the mutators and achieves a maximum measured mutator delay of only 2.6 milliseconds for our benchmarks. End-to-end execution time is usually within 5%.
Annulation via alkylation-Alder ene cyclizations. Palladium-catalyzed cycloisomerization of 1,6-enynes (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnnulation via alkylation-Alder ene cyclizations. Palladium-catalyzed cycloisomerization of 1,6-enynesBarry M. Trost, M. Lautens, C. Chan, D. J. Jebaratnam, and T. MuellerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 2, 636–644Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00002a036https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00002a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1664Altmetric-Citations120LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Prognostic significance of her‐2/neu expression in breast cancer and its relationship to other prognostic factors (1991)

Archival surgical specimens from 1,210 female breast cancer patients treated between 1968 and 1971 and with a 19-year follow-up were reanalyzed with special reference to several parameters, such as size of the primary tumor, axillary nodal involvement, histologic grade, degree of inflammatory infiltrate (LPI) of the tumor and expression of the neu oncoprotein (p185) as detected by immunohistochemistry. In a multifactorial analysis the 4 former factors were found to be independent prognostic parameters. Over-expression of p185 was found to be related to tumor size and grade and to LPI but not to pathologic nodal status. Over-expression of p185 showed a negative impact upon survival in node-positive but not in node-negative patients. However, in the subset of node-negative patients without LPI, p185 over-expression showed the same correlation with a poor prognosis as in node-positive patients. In contrast, in node-negative and LPI-positive patients, p185 over-expression correlated with a good prognosis. Also, the prognosis of patients with positive nodes, presence of LPI and no p185 over-expression was similar to that of patients with negative nodes, absence of LPI and p185 over-expression.