gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of the plasma-wall sheath on transport (1987)

The 1 (1)/(2) -dimensional plasma transport code baldur, along with the neutral transport code degas are used to study the effects of secondary and photoelectron emission from the wall and limiters of a tokamak on the plasma transport. Since different electron emission mechanisms appear to be dominant in different parts of the scrapeoff, the two-region scrapeoff model included in baldur is particularly useful. The effect that secondary and photoelectron emission have on recycling through the reduction of the sheath potential is taken into account in degas by prescribing appropriate values of the sheath potential on each recycling surface, according to the dominant electron emission mechanism present. Results indicate that when photoelectron emission from the first wall increases, the ion and electron temperatures increase in the scrapeoff, while they remain unaffected near the center. When the secondary electron coefficient of the limiters is increased, the ion and electron temperatures drop in the scrapeoff while they increase near the center. In both cases the neutral density decreases slightly throughout the device.
Metabolism and electrophysiology in subendocardial Purkinje fibers after infarction (1987)

Subendocardial Purkinje fibers (SEPF) have been implicated in the genesis of fatal arrhythmias that occur 24-48 h after infarction but little is known about the metabolic processes involved. Quantitative microchemical and electrophysiological studies were performed on normal and infarcted hearts removed 24 h after coronary artery occlusion. ATP, ADP, AMP, total adenine nucleotide content, phosphocreatine (PCr), and inorganic phosphate in superficial subendocardial Purkinje fibers from infarct preparations decreased approximately 30% compared with normal preparations. The phosphate potential decreased 45% in the infarct group. Similar changes were observed in adjacent contractile muscle between normals and infarcts. Action potentials of SEPF from infarct hearts had increased automaticity, markedly prolonged action potential durations at 50 and 90% repolarization (APD50 or APD90), but unchanged resting membrane potentials. The decrease in ATP, total adenine nucleotides, and the phosphate potential correlated linearly with APD50 and APD90. No correlation was found between PCr and APD90. This combined biochemical and electrophysiological approach provides a promising new way to further probe the biochemical basis of the abnormal electrical properties of subendocardial Purkinje fibers after myocardial infarction.
Strong charge trapping and bistable electrowetting on nanocomposite fluoropolymer:BaTiO3 dielectrics (2007)

Strong charge trapping and bistable electrowetting on nanocomposite fluoropolymer:BaTiO3 dielectrics are reported. Thin nanocomposite dielectrics were spin casted from BaTiO3 nanopowder dispersed in a fluoropolymer/fluorosolvent solution. Electrowetting contact angle versus voltage and capacitance measurements confirm a severalfold increase in film dielectric constant with increasing BaTiO3 content. Bistable electrowetting was observed as droplets retained a decreased contact angle at 0V but would dewet the surface by briefly applying a reverse polarity voltage. Strong charge trapping in the nanocomposite was confirmed by charge-voltage hysteresis. These results could prove important for low-power applications such as bistable displays and electronic paper.
Laconic Private Set-Intersection From Pairings (2022)

Private set-intersection (PSI) is one of the most practically relevant special-purpose secure multiparty computation tasks, as it is motivated by many real-world applications. In this paper we present a new private set-intersection protocol which is laconic, meaning that the protocol only has two rounds and that the first message is independent of the set sizes. Laconic PSI can be useful in applications, where servers with large sets would like to learn the intersection of their set with smaller sets owned by resource-constrained clients and where multiple rounds of interactions are not possible.
Crystals: animal, vegetable or mineral? (2015)

Abstract The morphologies of biological materials, from body shapes to membranes within cells, are typically curvaceous and flexible, in contrast to the angular, facetted shapes of inorganic matter. An alternative dichotomy has it that biomolecules typically assemble into aperiodic structures in vivo, in contrast to inorganic crystals. This paper explores the evolution of our understanding of structures across the spectrum of materials, from living to inanimate, driven by those naive beliefs, with particular focus on the development of crystallography in materials science and biology. The idea that there is a clear distinction between these two classes of matter has waxed and waned in popularity through past centuries. Our current understanding, driven largely by detailed exploration of biomolecular structures at the sub-cellular level initiated by Bernal and Astbury in the 1930s, and more recent explorations of sterile soft matter, makes it clear that this is a false dichotomy. For example, liquid crystals and other soft materials are common to both living and inanimate materials. The older picture of disjoint universes of forms is better understood as a continuum of forms, with significant overlap and common features unifying biological and inorganic matter. In addition to the philosophical relevance of this perspective, there are important ramifications for science. For example, the debates surrounding extra-terrestrial life, the oldest terrestrial fossils and consequent dating of the emergence of life on the Earth rests to some degree on prejudices inferred from the supposed dichotomy between life-forms and the rest.
Building protein lattice models using self-consistent mean field theory (1998)

An optimization protocol for modeling protein structures on lattice is proposed which is based on self-consistent mean field (SCMF) theory. In this procedure, the protein residues are supposed to be independent, and their possible positions are given by a list of lattice sites. To do this, an effective larger system is considered, in which each residue i is supposed to occupy all possible sites j, each with a weight V(i,j) stored in the so-called lattice probability matrix V. The effective energy of the system is computed, and iteratively minimized with respect to the weights V, the lattice sites being fixed in space. The final self-consistent V matrix describes the conformational space available to the protein, based on the energy function implemented. This energy function contains two types of terms, namely simple geometric terms which ensure bond connectivity and prevent chain intersection, and energy terms specific to the problem of interest. The application of the above protocol to building a lattice model of a protein, given its three dimensional structure, is discussed and compared with other lattice fitting procedures.
Differentially Expressed Gene Patterns in Ascarid-Infected Chickens of Higher- or Lower-Performing Genotypes (2021)

Here, we describe the first transcriptomic investigation of the peripheral blood of chickens exposed to <i>Ascaridia galli</i> and <i>Heterakis gallinarum</i> infections. We investigated differentially expressed gene (DEG) patterns in two chicken genotypes with either a higher (Lohmann Brown Plus, LB) or lower (Lohmann Dual, LD) laying performance level. The hens were experimentally coinfected with <i>A. galli</i> and <i>H. gallinarum</i>, and their worm burdens and infection parameters were determined six weeks post infection. Based on most representative infection parameters, the hens were clustered into lower- and higher-infection intensity classes. We identified a total of 78 DEGs contributing to infection-related phenotypic variation in the two genotypes. Our data showed significant upregulation of <i>Guanylate Binding Protein 7</i> (<i>GBP7</i>) in LD hens, making it a promising candidate for tolerance to ascarid infections in chickens. Gene ontology analysis revealed higher transcriptome activity related to biological processes such as "response to external stimulus" in LB hens, implying a higher stress response in this genotype. In contrast, LD hens showed higher transcriptomic expression of genes related to ontology classes that are possibly associated with a higher tolerance to infections. These findings may help explain why lower-performing genotypes (i.e., LD) are less sensitive to infections in terms of maintaining their performance.
Consequences of aquaporin 2 tetramerization for genetics and routing (2000)

in 90% of cases caused by mutations in the gene on the X chromosome coding for the V 2 receptor. In 10% blotting analysis showed that AQP2-E258K was of afflicted families, mutations in the AQP2 water retained in the Golgi compartment and not retarded channel gene have been shown to be the cause of the in the endoplasmic reticulum as are AQP2 mutants in autosomal recessive form of NDI. Mutations in both recessive NDI. Immunogold electron microscopy of genes renders the kidney insensitive to the action of expressed AQP2 proteins in oocytes confirmed the arginine vasopressin (AVP), and leads to the inability predominant Golgi localization of AQP2-E258K [1]. of the kidney to concentrate urine. A dominant inheritance of a ‘loss-of-function’ disRecently, NDI families have been identified with an ease can only be explained when the mutant protein autosomal dominant form of inheritance. Since muta- associates with the wild-type protein and inhibits the tions in autosomal dominant NDI occurred in the function or correct routing of this complex. Since it C-terminal tail of the AQP2 molecule, it has been a has been shown that AQP1 forms homotetramers while real puzzle to explain this rare phenotype. In this the monomer is the functional unit, we postulated that contribution, we summarize our research on one AQP2 also forms homotetramers. If AQP2-E258K is autosomal dominant mutation in AQP2 which can able to tetramerize with wild-type AQP2 and the mixed explain the phenotype. tetramers are also misrouted, then the dominant inheritance can be explained. Patients Using density gradient centrifugation and immunoblotting, we could demonstrate that AQP2 in kidney membranes from rat and human occurs as tetramers,
Postoperative Ana- tomic and Pathologic Findings at CT Follow- (2002)

Helical computed tomography (CT) is useful in identifying postoperative anatomic changes, complications, and tumor recurrence in gastric cancer patients who have undergone gastrectomy. Postoperative anatomic changes can usually be identified on consecutive CT scans. Complications include anastomotic leakage, duodenal stump leakage, intraabdominal bleeding, wound complications, and other less common complications (postoperative pancreatitis, retention of surgical foreign bodies, diffuse peritonitis). The degree and extent of bowel wall thickening is important in diagnosing tumor recurrence; however, CT lacks specificity. Large or conglomerated lymph node metastases can be easily diagnosed at CT; however, small solitary or focal metastases may not be detected or differentiated from nonmetastatic nodes. Ascites, a common finding with peritoneal seeding in gastrointestinal tumors, is well depicted at CT. Hematogenous metastases from gastric carcinoma are most frequently seen in the liver and are best demonstrated with helical CT performed during the portal venous phase of enhancement (sensitivity 90% for the detection of lesions 1 cm). The sophisticated surgical procedures used in gastrectomy can alter normal anatomy and make image interpretation difficult; thus, familiarity with the appearance of postoperative anatomic changes, complications, and tumor recurrence is essential for accurate CT evaluation of affected patients. © RSNA, 2002
Thermoneutrality modifies the impact of hypoxia on lipid metabolism (2012)

Hypoxia has been shown to rapidly increase triglycerides in mice by decreasing plasma lipoprotein clearance. However, the usual temperature of hypoxic exposure is below thermoneutrality for mice, which may increase thermogenesis and energy requirements, resulting in higher tissue lipid uptake. We hypothesize that decreased lipid clearance and ensuing hyperlipidemia are caused by hypoxic suppression of metabolism at cold temperatures and, therefore, would not occur at thermoneutrality. Twelve-week-old, male C57BL6/J mice were exposed to 6 h of 10% O₂ at the usual temperature (22°C) or thermoneutrality (30°C). Acclimation to 22°C increased lipid uptake in the heart, lungs, and brown adipose tissue, resulting in lower plasma triglyceride and cholesterol levels. At this temperature, hypoxia attenuated lipid uptake in most tissues, thereby raising plasma triglycerides and LDL cholesterol. Thermoneutrality decreased tissue lipid uptake, and hypoxia did not cause a further reduction in lipid uptake in any organs. Consequently, hypoxia at thermoneutrality did not affect plasma triglyceride levels. Unexpectedly, plasma HDL cholesterol increased. The effect of hypoxia on white adipose tissue lipolysis was also modified by temperature. Independent of temperature, hypoxia increased heart rate and glucose and decreased activity, body temperature, and glucose sensitivity. Our study underscores the importance of ambient temperature for hypoxia research, especially in studies of lipid metabolism.
Probability of detection calculations using MATLAB (1993)

A set of highly efficient computer programs based on the Marcum and Swerling's analysis on radar detection has been written in MATLAB to evaluate the probability of detection. The programs are based on accurate methods unlike the detectability method which is based on approximation. This thesis also outlines radar detection theory and target models as a background. The goal of this effort is to provide a set of efficient computer programs for student usage and teacher's aid. Programs are designed to be user friendly and run on personal computers
Anomalous Surface Fatigue in a Nano‐Layered Material (2014)

Nanoscale materials fatigue within a single 7 Å layer of a 2D nano-layered material, muscovite mica, resembles fatigue in macroscopic systems except for two remarkable properties: first, there is an Å-scale precision in the depth of the damage and second, there are sharply defined "magical" stresses, beyond yield, at which the surface remains intact regardless of the number of applications of stress.
Clinical-cytogenetic associations in 306 patients with therapy-related myelodysplasia and myeloid leukemia: the University of Chicago series (2003)

Therapy-related myelodysplasia and myeloid leukemia (t-MDS/t-AML) is a distinctive clinical syndrome occurring after exposure to chemotherapy (CT) or radiotherapy (RT). We report findings on 306 consecutive patients referred to our institution with morphologic review and cytogenetic analyses. Since 1972, 141 males and 165 females with a median age of 51 years (range, 3-83 years) at primary diagnosis and 58 years (range, 6-86 years) at secondary diagnosis were analyzed. Patients had been administered various cytotoxic agents, including alkylating agents (240 patients, 78%) and topoisomerase 2 inhibitors (115 patients, 39%). One hundred twenty-one (40%) had undergone CT alone, 43 (14%) had undergone RT alone, and 139 (45%) had undergone both modalities. At diagnosis of t-MDS/t-AML, 282 (92%) had clonal abnormalities involving chromosome 5 (n = 63), chromosome 7 (n = 85), chromosomes 5 and 7 (n = 66), recurring balanced rearrangements (n = 31), other clonal abnormalities (n = 39), or normal karyotype (n = 24). Abnormalities of chromosome 5, 7, or both accounted for 76% of all cases with an abnormal karyotype. Seventeen patients acquired t-MDS/t-AML after autologous stem cell transplantation, but no unique pattern of cytogenetic abnormalities was observed. Shorter latency was observed for patients with balanced rearrangements (median, 28 vs 67 months; P <.0001). Patients with acute leukemia were more likely to have balanced rearrangement than those with myelodysplasia (28% vs 4%; P <.0001). Median survival time after diagnosis of t-MDS/t-AML was 8 months; survival at 5 years was less than 10%. These data confirm and extend previous associations between clinical, morphologic, and cytogenetic findings in t-MDS/t-AML.
RXP-E (2008)

Gap junctions provide a low-resistance pathway for cardiac electric propagation. The role of GJ regulation in arrhythmia is unclear, partly because of limited availability of pharmacological tools. Recently, we showed that a peptide called "RXP-E" binds to the carboxyl terminal of connexin43 and prevents chemically induced uncoupling in connexin43-expressing N2a cells. Here, pull-down experiments show RXP-E binding to adult cardiac connexin43. Patch-clamp studies revealed that RXP-E prevented heptanol-induced and acidification-induced uncoupling in pairs of neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. Separately, RXP-E was concatenated to a cytoplasmic transduction peptide (CTP) for cytoplasmic translocation (CTP-RXP-E). The effect of RXP-E on action potential propagation was assessed by high-resolution optical mapping in monolayers of neonatal rat ventricular myocytes, containing approximately 20% of randomly distributed myofibroblasts. In contrast to control experiments, when heptanol (2 mmol/L) was added to the superfusate of monolayers loaded with CTP-RXP-E, action potential propagation was maintained, albeit at a slower velocity. Similarly, intracellular acidification (pH(i) 6.2) caused a loss of action potential propagation in control monolayers; however, propagation was maintained in CTP-RXP-E-treated cells, although at a slower rate. Patch-clamp experiments revealed that RXP-E did not prevent heptanol-induced block of sodium currents, nor did it alter voltage dependence or amplitude of Kir2.1/Kir2.3 currents. RXP-E is the first synthetic molecule known to: (1) bind cardiac connexin43; (2) prevent heptanol and acidification-induced uncoupling of cardiac gap junctions; and (3) preserve action potential propagation among cardiac myocytes. RXP-E can be used to characterize the role of gap junctions in the function of multicellular systems, including the heart.
A Hands-On Cybersecurity Curriculum Using a Robotics Platform (2020)

This paper presents a study using a robotics platform for teaching computing and cybersecurity concepts to high school students. 38 students attended a week-long camp, starting with projects such as a simulation-only game and a simple autonomous driving program for the robots in order to learn and apply computational thinking (CT) and networking skills. They were then assigned a series of challenges that required developing progressively more advanced cybersecurity measures to protect their robots. This culminated in a final challenge that required implementing defensive measures such as encryption, secure key exchange and sequence numbers. We used an evidence-centered design framework to construct rubrics for grading student work. The pre- and post-test results show that the interventions helped students learn cybersecurity and CT concepts, but they had difficulties with networking concepts. These results correlate with scores from the game and the final challenge. Overall, surveys show that the competition-based robotics learning framework engaged students and supported their overall learning, but our intervention needs to be modified to help students learn networking concepts
ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLDER FILLED ANISOTROPICALLY CONDUCTIVE ADHESIVES (1995)

Electrical properties of four anisotropically conductive adhesives were characterised. The effect of bonding temperature as well as 60°C/95% RH-test on contact resistance values of the adhesive joints was studied. The resistivities of the adhesive joints were measured as a function of temperature. In addition, the joint microstructures were examined with optical and the scanning electron microscopy and wetting properties of the solder alloys were measured with the wetting balance method. Regardless of the adhesive, the average contact resistance values were on the same level but the standard deviation was considerably higher with Au/Ni-coated conductors than with bare copper conductors. In the hot and humid environment test the best results were achieved with tin-bismuth and tin-bismuth-zinc-filled adhesives on bare copper conductors. On the contrary, joints produced with Au/Ni-coated conductors failed in this test. It is likely that the poor performance of the Au/Ni-coated circuits results from the strong oxidation of nickel in the presence of moisture. The small exposed area and anodic electrochemical potential of nickel compared with the large area of noble gold accelerates this reaction.
Expression of the multidrug transporter, P-glycoprotein, in renal and transitional cell carcinomas (1993)

These data show that P-glycoprotein was expressed in many RCC, and its expression level, glycosylation, and distribution were altered. These data also suggest that the P-glycoprotein in RCC had similar drug binding site(s) to that in multidrug-resistant cells.
Bitumen Recovery by the Steam-Over-Solvent Injection in Fractured Reservoirs (SOS-FR) Method: An Experimental Study on Grosmont Carbonates (2013)

We adapted the previously introduced SOS-FR (Steam-Over-Solvent Injection in Fractured Reservoirs) method and conducted 12 experiments using preserved core samples from the Grosmont formation. The method applied in this study is based on soaking rather than continuous injection. The samples were immersed in hot water (90 °C), first to mimic low-temperature presteaming to condition the reservoir for solvent injection. This was followed by a solvent soaking period under varying conditions (duration, solvent type, etc.). Heptane and the distillate obtained from a heavy oil upgrading facility were used as solvents. Finally, the core samples were soaked in hot water again. Oil recoveries varied between 40% and 90% OOIP, with a mean value of 68%. Asphaltene precipitation, as a percentage of original oil in place (OOIP), was measured between 6.5 wt % and 33 wt %. The oil recovery and asphaltene precipitation depended on the solvent type, the solvent exposure duration, the position of matrix rock (horizontal or vertical), and the duration and number of solvent/hot water cycles. Most importantly, the last phase (hot water immersion) yielded substantial recovery of solvent diffused into matrix oil by applying a temperature value close to the boiling point of the solvent. The solvent retrieval was extremely fast and varied between 62% and 82% of the solvent diffused into the core during solvent exposure. Experimental observations look promising for further applications, as indicated by the high recovery values. The important aspects are that the solvent from readily available distillates used for transportation of heavy oil are very responsive and the temperature requirement for final hot water injection applied to retrieve solvent was <100 °C. Solvent retrieval was extremely quick and reasonably high, which is more likely to make the process economical.
ChemInform Abstract: CONFORMATIONAL BEHAVIOR OF MEDIUM‐SIZED RINGS. PART III. HETEROCYCLIC ANALOGS S OF 12,13‐DIHYDRO‐11H‐DIBENZO(A,E)CYCLONONENE, 6,11,12,13‐TETRAHYDRO‐5H‐DIBENZO(A,E)CYCLONONENE, AND 5,6,7,12,13,14‐HEXAHYDRODIBENZO(A,F)CYCLODECENE (1976)

Abstract Conformational Behaviour of Medium‐sized Rings.