gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Label-Free Nanoplasmonic-Based Short Noncoding RNA Sensing at Attomolar Concentrations Allows for Quantitative and Highly Specific Assay of MicroRNA-10b in Biological Fluids and Circulating Exosomes (2015)

MicroRNAs are short noncoding RNAs consisting of 18-25 nucleotides that target specific mRNA moieties for translational repression or degradation, thereby modulating numerous biological processes. Although microRNAs have the ability to behave like oncogenes or tumor suppressors in a cell-autonomous manner, their exact roles following release into the circulation are only now being unraveled and it is important to establish sensitive assays to measure their levels in different compartments in the circulation. Here, an ultrasensitive localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR)-based microRNA sensor with single nucleotide specificity was developed using chemically synthesized gold nanoprisms attached onto a solid substrate with unprecedented long-term stability and reversibility. The sensor was used to specifically detect microRNA-10b at the attomolar (10(-18) M) concentration in pancreatic cancer cell lines, derived tissue culture media, human plasma, and media and plasma exosomes. In addition, for the first time, our label-free and nondestructive sensing technique was used to quantify microRNA-10b in highly purified exosomes isolated from patients with pancreatic cancer or chronic pancreatitis, and from normal controls. We show that microRNA-10b levels were significantly higher in plasma-derived exosomes from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients when compared with patients with chronic pancreatitis or normal controls. Our findings suggest that this unique technique can be used to design novel diagnostic strategies for pancreatic and other cancers based on the direct quantitative measurement of plasma and exosome microRNAs, and can be readily extended to other diseases with identifiable microRNA signatures.
Everglades Peats: Using Historical and Recent Data to Estimate Predrainage and Current Volumes, Masses and Carbon Contents (2015)

The Florida Everglades is a patterned peatland formed from sawgrass and other aquatic plant material that has accumulated over millennia. This peatland was initially drained in the late 1800s for agricultural and urban development and has been highly modified by the construction of canals and levées. Restoration plans include providing additional surface water flow which should help to prevent further peat loss by oxidation and encourage the accretion of peat that has been lost through drainage and peat fires. But how much peat has been lost? We know that about 50 % of the original surface area is gone; but what about the driver of ecological processes, the soil? Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology, we compared predrainage and current peat volumes using historical and recent datasets, spatially-referenced soil bulk density values and carbon content to determine peat mass and carbon mass for each Everglades region. Given the uncertainties in the datasets, this analysis should be viewed as providing rough order-of-magnitude values. Our calculations indicate that the current Everglades contains less than 24 % of the original peat volume, 17 % of its mass and 19 % of its carbon.
A combined scintimammography/stereotactic core biopsy digital X-ray system (2002)

Jefferson Lab, Hampton University and the Riverside Regional Medical Center are collaborating in a clinical study employing a dual modality imaging system utilizing scintimammography and digital radiography. The purpose of the study is to obtain clinical data on the reliability of scintimammography in predicting the malignancy of suspected breast lesions with the ultimate goal to reduce the number of false positives associated with conventional X-ray mammography. The scintimammography gamma camera is a custom built mini gamma camera with an active area of 5.3 cm/spl times/5.3 cm based on a 2/spl times/2 array of Hamamatsu R7600-C8 position sensitive photomultiplier tubes. The spatial resolution of the gamma camera at the collimator surface is <4 mm FWHM and the sensitivity is 4000 cps/mCi. Preliminary results are that of the six cases that indicated a lesion with high uptake of the MiraLuma (/sup 99m/Tc-sestamibi) five were positive for cancer. Out of a total of 25 patients in the study, all cases negative for MiraLuma uptake were confirmed negative via the biopsy pathology. The scintimammography results indicate that the lesions become visible with the mini gamma camera within 3 minutes post injection of MiraLuma.
cAMP-activated maxi-Cl− channels in native bovine pigmented ciliary epithelial cells (2004)

The eye's aqueous humor is secreted by a bilayered ciliary epithelium comprising pigmented (PE) and nonpigmented (NPE) epithelial cell layers. Stromal Cl(-) enters the PE cells and crosses gap junctions to the NPE cells for release into the aqueous humor. Maxi-Cl(-) channels are expressed in PE cells, but their physiological significance is unclear. To address this question, excised patches and whole native bovine PE cells were patch clamped, and volume was monitored by calcein fluorescence. In symmetrical 130 mM NaCl, cAMP at the cytoplasmic surface of inside-out patches produced concentration-dependent activation of maxi-Cl(-) channels with a unitary conductance of 272 +/- 2 pS (n = 80). Voltage steps from 0 to +/-80 mV, but not to +/-40 mV, produced rapid channel inactivation consistent with the typical characteristics of maxi-Cl(-) channels. cAMP also activated the maxi-Cl(-) channels in outside-out patches. In both cases, maxi-Cl(-) channels were reversibly inhibited by SITS and 5-nitro-2-(phenylpropylamino)benzoate (NPPB). Decreasing cytoplasmic Cl(-) concentration reduced both open-channel probability and unitary conductance. Similarly, the membrane-permeant 8-bromo-cAMP stimulated outward and inward whole cell currents; the stimulation was larger at higher intracellular Cl(-) concentration. As with unitary currents, cAMP-triggered whole cell currents displayed inactivation at +/-80 but not at +/-40 mV. Moreover, cAMP triggered NPPB-sensitive shrinkage of PE cells. The results suggest that cAMP directly activates maxi-Cl(-) channels of native PE cells that contribute to Cl(-) release particularly from Cl(-)-loaded cells. These cAMP-activated channels provide a potential mechanism for reducing and modulating net aqueous humor secretion by facilitating Cl(-) reabsorption into the ciliary stroma.
Deep Sub-wavelength Beam Propagation, Beam Manipulation and Imaging with Extreme Anisotropic Meta-materials (2012)

We demonstrate that meta-materials with extreme anisotropy allow for diffraction-free, deep sub-wavelength beam propagation and manipulation, as well as deep sub-wavelength imaging. We show a meta-material design using existing materials.
THE OPEN‐TO‐BUY SYSTEM AND ACCURATE PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT (1992)

The objective of this research was to assess whether the open‐to‐buy (OTB) system allows retail buyers to attain sales and profit objectives and thus obtain the bonuses available for budget attainment. The research used data from both Australia and New Zealand together with specific information from a major department store. Concludes with a recommendation that the traditional OTB system is in need of a major review and outlines specific recommendations.
Early life: gut microbiota and immune development in infancy (2010)

The immune system of infants is actively downregulated during pregnancy and therefore the first months of life represent a period of heightened susceptibility to infection. After birth, there is an age-dependent maturation of the immune system. Exposure to environmental microbial components is suggested to play an important role in the maturation process. The gastrointestinal tract is the major site of interaction between the host immune system and microorganisms, both commensal as well as potentially pathogenic. It is well established that the mammalian immune system is designed to help protect the host from invading microorganisms and other danger signals. However, recent research is emerging in the field of host-microbe interactions showing that commensal microorganisms (microbiota) are most likely one of the drivers of immune development and, in turn the immune system shapes the composition of the microbiota. Specific early microbial exposure of the gut is thought to dramatically reduce the incidence of inflammatory, autoimmune and atopic diseases further fuelling the scientific view that microbial colonisation plays an important role in regulating and fine-tuning the immune system throughout life. Therefore, the use of pre-, pro- and synbiotics may result in a beneficial microbiota composition that might have a pivotal role on the prevention of several important diseases that develop in early life such as necrotizing enterocolitis and atopic eczema.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of 2,6‐cis‐Substituted Tetrahydropyrans: Broensted Acid‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Oxa‐Conjugate Cyclization of α,β‐Unsaturated Ester Surrogates. (2012)

Abstract Treatment of α,β‐unsaturated thioesters, oxazolidinone imides, and pyrrole amides with CSA allows a mild, effective, and stereoselective access to biologically important 2,6‐cis‐substituted tetrahydropyrans.
Direct electromagnetic source tomographic imaging neurotechnology (DESTIN) (2017)

One of the techniques that have the greatest chance of being both high impact and disruptive is electroencephalography (EEG) because of the low cost of the device, installation, operation, and ease of use. EEG is universally used in neuroscience research. Despite its great success and demonstrated the potential for brain imaging, significant limitations exist with EEG, most important of which is the accuracy of the localization of the brain sources from the recorded EEG due to the ill-posed nature of the localization procedures which lead multiple solutions. fMRI solves this, or blood oxygen level dependent, is a well-established method for cognitive and clinical neuroscience as hemodynamic data are the epiphenomena of underlying neuronal activity developed at the Martinos Center Center. Brain mapping is one of the major endeavors that has been recently undertaken in neuroscience using fMRI to noninvasively localize the various brain functions. However, fMRI still has time resolution limitations, and subjects can only be studied in the confines of an MRI scanner. Direct Electromagnetic Source Tomographic Imaging Neurotechnology (DESTIN), may allow us to study subjects outside a scanner room and with ms second resolution needed to study neuronal activity. DESTIN is uniquely based on an entirely new physical principle which does not rely on EEG signals alone for electrical source localization rather than time of flight localization as it is similarly done in PET.
Measurement-Based Modeling of Interarrivals for the Simulation of Highway Vehicular Networks (2014)

Simulation is the standard approach to the performance evaluation of vehicular network solutions. However, the relevance of its results is often questioned by the adoption of unrealistic vehicular mobility representations. In this letter, we propose a measurement-based hidden Markov model that generates realistic synthetic interarrivals. The proposed methodology accurately captures important traffic dynamics and provides a reliable input for the simulation of highway vehicular networks.
Coupling-controlled Dual ITO Layer Electro-Optic Modulator in Silicon\n Photonics (2018)

Electro-optic signal modulation provides a key functionality in modern\ntechnology and information networks. Photonic integration has enabled not only\nminiaturizing photonic components, but also provided performance improvements\ndue to co-design addressing both electrical and optical device rules. However\nthe millimeter-to-centimeter large footprint of many foundry-ready photonic\nelectro-optic modulators significantly limits scaling density. Furthermore,\nmodulators bear a fundamental a frequency-response to energy-sensitive\ntrade-off, a limitation that can be overcome with coupling-based modulators\nwhere the temporal response speed is decoupled from the optical cavity photo\nlifetime. Thus, the coupling effect to the resonator is modulated rather then\ntuning the index of the resonator itself. However, the weak electro-optic\nresponse of silicon limits such coupling modulator performance, since the\nmicrometer-short overlap region of the waveguide-bus and a microring resonator\nis insufficient to induce signal modulation. To address these limitations, here\nwe demonstrate a coupling-controlled electro-optic modulator by heterogeneously\nintegrating a dual-gated indium-tin-oxide (ITO) phase shifter placed at the\nsilicon microring-bus coupler region. Our experimental modulator shows about 4\ndB extinction ratio on resonance, and a about 1.5 dB off resonance with a low\ninsertion loss of 0.15 dB for a just 4 {\\mu}m short device demonstrating a\ncompact high 10:1 modulation-to-loss ratio. In conclusion we demonstrate a\ncoupling modulator using strongly index-changeable materials enabling compact\nand high-performing modulators using semiconductor foundry-near materials.\n
Stable Control of Multi-link Manipulator Using Collision Phenomena. (1991)

In this paper, a methodology using the Lyapunov direct method is proposed to analyze the stability of a multi-link manipulator system which is positioned on a flexible wall with collision phenomenon.
Infection Breeds Reticence (2010)

Social living brings humans great rewards, but also associated dangers, such as increased risk of infection from others. Although the body's immune system is integral to combating disease, it is physiologically costly. Less costly are evolved mechanisms for promoting avoidance of people who are potentially infectious, such as perceiving oneself as less social and increasing the tendency to make avoidant movements. In Experiment 1, exposure to a disease prime led participants to rate themselves as less extraverted than did exposure to a control prime, and led participants high in perceived vulnerability to disease (PVD) to rate themselves as less agreeable and less open to experience than did exposure to a control prime. In Experiment 2, a disease prime facilitated avoidant tendencies in arm movements when participants viewed photographs of faces, especially for participants high in PVD. Together, these findings reveal functional changes in perception and behavior that would serve to promote avoidance of potentially infectious individuals.
Dielectric and Structural Characteristics in Barium Lanthanum Magnesium Niobate (2000)

The dielectric properties and their related microstructural characteristics in solid solutions of (1 — x )Ba(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 (BMN)— x La(Mg 2/3 Nb 1/3 )O 3 (LMN) (BLMN) were investigated by measuring the relative permittivity (ɛ r ), Q value, and temperature coefficient of resonator frequency (τ f ), and by observing the microstructure using transmission electron microscopy. The trend of variation of the temperature coefficient of the dielectric permittivity (τ ɛ ) was the same for our solid solutions as that reported by Reaney et al . When the tolerance factor ( t ) was &gt;1.01 in BLMN with composition x = 0 to 1.0, where the tilting of oxygen octahedra was not involved, the components of the microstructure included a disordered and transition phase as well 1:1 and 1:2 ordered phases. In the region where 1.01 &lt; t &lt; 0.96 with x = 0.2 to 0.7, the 1:1 order, the disorder, and the phase due to the antiphase tilting of oxygen octahedra were present. Finally, in the region where t &lt; 0.96 with x = 0.7 to 1.0, the microstructure of BLMN was the same as that of the pure LMN, including the 1:1 order and the antiphase, inphase tilting of oxygen octahedra, and the antiparallel shift of A‐site cations.
Extended filamentation with temporally chirped femtosecond Bessel-Gauss beams in air (2009)

We report experimental results on ultrafast filamentation with temporally chirped femtosecond Bessel-Gauss beams. We find that by chirping the pulses, the longitudinal range of the generated plasma channels can be extended relative to filaments generated by fully compressed, transform-limited femtosecond pulses. We find a clear correlation between the extent of filamentation and the intensity of the on-axis emission by the femtosecond Bessel-Gauss beam. The on-axis emission is negligible for fully compressed pulses, but it can become quite substantial (up to 10% of the input pulse energy) when chirped pulses are used. Under certain conditions, the on-axis emission becomes sufficient for generating its own plasma channel thus resulting in extended filamentation. This effect may offer means of remote control over filament formation with femtosecond Bessel-Gauss beams.We identify a four-wave mixing process, enhancement of which is likely to result in a maximum of the on-axis emission, and derive a simple expression for estimating the duration of the chirped pulse that is required for such enhancement. Our estimations are in good agreement with the experiment.
SYNTHETIC MODELS RELATED TO DNA‐INTERCALATING MOLECULES. INTERACTIONS BETWEEN 8‐ALKOXYPSORALEN AND ADENINE* (1983)

Abstract To investigate the interactions and the photoreactions between furocoumarins and adenine, we have synthesised compounds in which a psoralen molecule is linked by different polymethylene bridges to adenine. Ring‐ring intramolecular interactions are observed by UV spectroscopy. Thermodynamic parameters of these hydrophobic interactions are determined by the study of the variation of the hypochromic effect with temperature.
Development of T-Lymphocytes in Mouse Fetal Thymus Organ Culture (2004)

Fetal thymus organ culture (FTOC) is a unique and powerful culture system that allows intrathymic T-lymphocyte development in vitro. T-cell development in FTOC well represents fetal thymocyte development in vivo. Here, we describe the basic method for FTOC as well as several related techniques, including the reconstitution of thymus lobes with T-lymphoid progenitor cells, high-oxygen submersion culture, time-lapse visualization of thymic emigration, reaggregation culture, and retrovirus-mediated gene transfer to developing thymocytes in FTOC.
Formation of SiO2/Si3N4/SiO2Positive and Negative Electrets on a Silicon Substrate (2016)

A new technique is presented for creating an electret from a plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) multilayer film of SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> /SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> . The technique uses a direct contact silicon electrode during poling. This thin-film electret formation process capitalized on deep traps in the silicon nitride, which is known to develop from hydrogen interactions with silicon dangling bonds and, in some stoichiometries, nitrogen dangling bonds. The materials used are compatible with standard microfabrication processes, and the electret activation process is accomplished with a commercial anodic bonding system, traditionally used for bonding borosilicate glass to silicon wafers. Negative electrets with an effective surface voltage (ESV) up to -236 V and positive electrets with an ESV up to 195 V are produced. The lifetime of the electrets are evaluated by performing accelerated aging at elevated temperatures. Results indicate that the electrets are expected to provide a mean lifetime effective charge for decades at a temperature of 125 °C. A thin-film multilayer electret fabrication process is shown to yield electrets with a half-life 5 times greater than those values reported for other PECVD fabricated multilayer electrets.
Effect of electrical charges and fields on injury and viability of airborne bacteria (2002)

In this study, the effects of the electric charges and fields on the viability of airborne microorganisms were investigated. The electric charges of different magnitude and polarity were imparted on airborne microbial cells by a means of induction charging. The airborne microorganisms carrying different electric charge levels were then extracted by an electric mobility analyzer and collected using a microbial sampler. It was found that the viability of Pseudomonas fluorescens bacteria, used as a model for sensitive bacteria, carrying a net charge from 4100 negative to 30 positive elementary charges ranged between 40% and 60%; the viability of the cells carrying >2700 positive charges was below 1.5%. In contrast, the viability of the stress-resistant spores of Bacillus subtilis var. niger (used as simulant of anthrax-causing Bacillus anthracis spores when testing bioaerosol sensors in various studies), was not affected by the amount of electric charges on the spores. Because bacterial cells depend on their membrane potential for basic metabolic activities, drastic changes occurring in the membrane potential during aerosolization and the local electric fields induced by the imposed charges appeared to affect the sensitive cells' viability. These findings facilitate applications of electric charging for environmental control purposes involving sterilization of bacterial cells by imposing high electric charges on them. The findings from this study can also be used in the development of new bioaerosol sampling methods based on electrostatic principles.
A Legionella pneumophila -translocated substrate that is required for growth within macrophages and protection from host cell death (2006)

Legionella pneumophila requires the Dot/Icm protein translocation system to replicate within host cells as a critical component of Legionnaire's pneumonia. None of the known individual substrates of the translocator have been shown to be essential for intracellular replication. We demonstrate here that mutants lacking the Dot/Icm substrate SdhA were severely impaired for intracellular growth within mouse bone marrow macrophages, with the defect absolute in triple mutants lacking sdhA and its two paralogs. The defect caused by the absence of the sdhA family was less severe during growth within Dictyostelium discoideum amoebae, indicating that the requirement for SdhA shows cell-type specificity. Macrophages harboring the L. pneumophila sdhA mutant showed increased nuclear degradation, mitochondrial disruption, membrane permeability, and caspase activation, indicating a role for SdhA in preventing host cell death. Defective intracellular growth of the sdhA(-) mutant could be partially suppressed by the action of caspase inhibitors, but caspase-independent cell death pathways eventually aborted replication of the mutant.