gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Design of Intelligent Sensor Interface Circuit based on 1451.2 (2019)

At present, there are many complex and diverse bus interface standards in the field of sensor measurement and control, which leads that different sensors unable to be compatible with different field networks, thus increasing the difficulty of data acquisition and processing. In order to improve the compatibility and the intelligent level of sensors, in this work, a novel intelligent sensor interface model defined by IEEE1451.2 standard is proposed. Finally, the self-recognition, plug and play (PNP) functions are verified on FPGA platform.
A capacitive MEMS accelerometer readout with concurrent detection and feedback using discrete components (2014)

This paper presents an analog readout method for capacitive MEMS accelerometers in which the feedback actuation and capacitive detection are achieved simultaneously on the same electrode set. The presented circuit operates in closed-loop for improved linearity, and it is constructed in a hybrid platform package in which off-the-shelf discrete components are used together with the silicon-on-glass micro-accelerometer. The system is developed as a practical solution to reduce the complexity of the readout circuit and the accelerometer without degrading the overall system performance. Experimental results demonstrate 17.5 micro-g per square-root hertz velocity random walk, and 28 micro-g bias instability. Considering the estimated full scale range of 20 g, the dynamic range of the sensor is calculated to be close to 124 dB.
Dynamics of Oxidation of Well-Defined Adsorbed CO Phases on Pt(111) in Aqueous Acidic Electrolytes: Simultaneous in Situ Second Harmonic Generation and Differential Reflectance Spectroscopy (2014)

The oxidation dynamics of the well-defined (2 × 2)-3CO (θCO = 0.75) and √19 × √19R23.4°-13CO (θCO = 0.68) CO adlayer phases on quasi-perfect Pt(111) facets have been examined in CO-saturated 0.1 M H2SO4 aqueous solutions via a combination of simultaneous, in situ, time-resolved, second harmonic generation (SHG, λinc = 590 nm), normalized differential reflectance spectroscopy (ΔR/R, λinc = 633 nm), and potential step techniques. For both of these phases, the onset of oxidation of COads was found to be delayed with respect to the time at which the potential was stepped to values positive enough, Eox, to promote oxidation of the entire CO adlayers. This induction time, τind, was much longer for the (2 × 2)-3CO (few tens of milliseconds) compared to the √19 × √19R23.4°-13CO phase (few milliseconds) and decreased monotonically for both of the phases as Eox was increased. Furthermore, for a fixed Eox, the oxidation rates, as measured by the optical techniques, were higher for the √19 × √19R23.4°-13CO compared to the (2 × 2)-3CO phase. In the case of the (2 × 2)-3CO phase, the transient in situ optical data collected for Eox = 0.98 V vs RHE could be quantitatively accounted for by a model that assumes all sites on the surface are occupied either by CO or bisulfate. In fact, excellent statistical fits to the θCO transients for this latter phase derived from the SHG data could be obtained using Avrami’s nucleation and growth model. On this basis, the oxidation of the fully assembled (2 × 2)-3CO phase occurs at the edge of the domain and propagates through the entire island until the entire process is completed. Similar experiments involving CO adlayers on Pt(111) facets below saturation coverages (i.e., θCO < 0.75) formed by oxidative stripping of the fully assembled (2 × 2)-3CO phase yielded much longer τind values than surfaces with similar θCO prepared by dosing the otherwise bare Pt(111) surfaces. These findings strongly suggest that the rates of oxidation of COads increase with the number of non-CO-covered neighboring sites on the surface.
Porcine Circovirus Diseases: A review of PMWS (2012)

This article is a review on post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), the first described disease among the porcine circovirus diseases (PCVD). Post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome has, since its appearance in Canada in 1991, been seen in all major pig producing countries. To diagnose PMWS at herd level typical clinical appearance consisting of wasting and increased mortality must be combined with finding at autopsy of diseased pigs, where typical microscopic findings in the lymphatic tissue must be present. Post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome significantly increases the mortality and reduces the daily weight gain in weaner pig and/or in finishing pigs. Post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome can be transmitted by pig-to-pig contact and some studies point at airborne transmission as a possibility. Studies in Europe have shown several risk factors that either increase or decrease the risk for a pig herd to be affected by PMWS. At the pig level, studies have shown the importance of maternal immunity as protection for subsequent development of PMWS. To control PMWS, good production management and control of other diseases are crucial. Since 2004, commercial vaccines against Porcine Circo Virus type 2 have been coming on the market and many studies have shown great benefits of these to control PMWS. Today, sow vaccines as well as piglet vaccines are available in most countries. An extensive meta-analysis of many of the vaccines has shown a comparable good efficacy of the vaccines in significantly reducing mortality and increasing weight gain of the pigs.
The presence of Lewis a epitopes in Arabidopsis thaliana glycoconjugates depends on an active 4-fucosyltransferase gene (2002)

The presence of an alpha4-fucosyltransferase in plants was first deduced from the characterization of Lewis-a glycoepitopes in some N-glycans. The first plant gene encoding an alpha4-fucosyltransferase was recently cloned in Beta vulgaris. In the present paper we provide evidence for the presence of an alpha4-fucosyltransferase in A. thaliana by measurement of this glycosyltransferase activity from a purified microsomal preparation and by immunolocalization of Le(a) epitopes on glycans N-linked to glycoproteins located to the Golgi apparatus and on the cell surface. The corresponding gene AtFT4 (AY026941) was characterized. A unique copy of this gene was found in A. thaliana genome, and a single AtFT4 transcript was revealed in leaves, in roots, and at a lower extent in flowers. The coding sequence of AtFT4 gene is interrupted by two introns spanning 465 bp and 84 bp, respectively. The putative 393-amino-acid protein (44 kDa, pI: 6.59) contains an N-terminal hydrophobic region and one potential N-glycosylation site, but AtFT4 has poor homology (less than 30%) to the other alpha3/4-fucosyltransferases except for motif II. When expressed in COS 7 cells the protein is able to transfer Fuc from GDP-Fuc to a type 1 acceptor substrate, but this transferase activity is detected only in the culture medium of transfected cells
A class of modular aerial robots (2011)

In this work we consider the modelling of a modular aerial robot obtained by rigidly interconnecting a certain number of ducted-fan aircraft. It is shown how different geometric configurations lead to different dynamical properties of the overall system which can be exploited to improve the achievable closed-loop performances in certain scenarios. Suitable constrained control allocation problems are formulated to show how the modular system performs in presence of possible extra payload and of force and torque disturbances that may derive from the physical interaction with the surrounding environment.
Genetic diversity of hepatitis D virus genotype‐1 in Europe allows classification into subtypes (2019)

Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is an RNA virus which leads to both acute and chronic forms of hepatitis. At present, HDV isolates have been classified into eight major genotypes distributed over different geographical regions. Recent increase in HDV sequences in Europe and worldwide has enabled us to revisit the taxonomic classification of HDV. A total of 116 large hepatitis delta antigen (L-HDAg) nucleotide sequences and 13 full-length HDV genome sequences belonging to genotype-1 from our European cohort, as well as 621 L-HDAg nucleotide sequences belonging to genotype-1 to genotype-8 retrieved from the GenBank NCBI were included in this study. All 116 isolates of our cohort and 341 of 621 isolates (60%) account for genotype-1, while the remaining 40% of isolates were unevenly distributed across genotype-2 to genotype-8. Phylogenetic analysis of 98 L-HDAg sequences selected after elimination of redundant sequences of all 737 isolates was performed to identify plausible subtypes within HDV genotype-1. Pairwise genetic distances for L-HDAg sequences were calculated to estimate the inter-genotype and inter-subtype differences. The HDV genotype-1 isolates phylogenetically formed five distinct clusters (genotype 1a-1e), each of them corresponding to a distinct geographic region. Two distinct subtypes for HDV genotype-2 and -4 (ie -2a and -2b; -4a and -4b, respectively) could be identified based on isolate sequences from GenBank. The previously defined genotype-1 to genotype-8 have an inter-genotypic difference of ≥10%, while the newly defined subtypes of genotype-1, -2 and -4 show an inter-subtype difference of ≥3% to <10% from the average diversity. In addition, we identified unique amino acid residues, known as specificity-determining positions, amongst the proposed subtypes.
An implantable bioimpedance monitor using 2.45 GHz band for telemetry (2012)

This paper describes a multi-frequency single-channel electrical implantable bioimpedance monitor (35 mm × 35 mm × 10 mm, weight 52 g) powered by a NiMH battery. By using the tetrapolar method and injecting 10 µA(peak), the monitor is capable of measuring at 14 different frequencies, from 100 Hz to 200 kHz. It contains a ZigBee transceiver to monitor the measurements performed, and has an embedded memory for backing up the data. RC networks and in-situ heart excised tissues were used to test the system. When measuring a full spectrum every 5 min, 35 days of autonomy are possible due to the low power consumption of the monitor. Temperature drift was estimated by short-term and long-term measurements. Temperature cycling was used to measure modulus and phase angle stability. The result was a very low effect on a modulus decrease of 2.34 Ω, with respect to an impedance of 322 Ω, at 100 Hz and a phase angle increase of 1.1°, at 200 kHz. In addition, measurement errors were bigger at low frequencies because of the high impedance of the electrodes used, which was higher than 10 kΩ at frequencies below 1 kHz.
Thermoelectric transport properties of diamond-like Cu1−xFe1+xS2 tetrahedral compounds (2014)

Polycrystalline samples with the composition of Cu1−xFe1+xS2 (x = 0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, 0.1) were synthesized by a melting-annealing-sintering process. X-ray powder diffraction reveals all the samples are phase pure. The backscattered electron image and X-ray map indicate that all elements are distributed homogeneously in the matrix. The measurements of Hall coefficient, electrical conductivity, and Seebeck coefficient show that Fe is an effective n-type dopant in CuFeS2. The electron carrier concentration of Cu1−xFe1+xS2 is tuned within a wide range leading to optimized power factors. The lattice phonons are also strongly scattered by the substitution of Fe for Cu, leading to reduced thermal conductivity. We use Debye approximation to model the low temperature lattice thermal conductivity. It is found that the large strain field fluctuation introduced by the disordered Fe ions generates extra strong phonon scatterings for lowered lattice thermal conductivity.
The Pseudo Dynamic Test of RC Bridge Columns Analyzed Through the Hilbert-Huang Transform (2003)

Abstract In this paper, the analysis of the responses of the pseudo dynamic test of two rectangular reinforced concrete (RC) bridge columns using the Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) is introduced. Firstly, two 40%-scaled rectangular RC bridge columns are subjected to the pseudo dynamic test. The input of the pseudo dynamic test is set as the near-fault ground accelerations of the Chi-Chi Earthquake, which happened in 1999 in central Taiwan. After damage occurs to the bridge columns, we use non-shrinkage mortar to repair the columns, and then use 3 layers of CFRP to rehabilitate their plastic zone. The repaired bridge columns are again tested. Then we use the HHT to analyze the responses of the as-built and repaired bridge columns. The merit of applying the HHT to the responses of bridge columns is that it can transfer the displacement-time responses into instantaneous frequency responses, while the spectra are a function of both frequency and time. We can observe from the Hilbert spectra of the bridge columns that, at the instant when the frequency changes, the structural behavior changes from elastic to inelastic. The HHT can therefore be used to obtain the instantaneous natural frequencies of the bridge columns and to understand the relationship between the frequency changes and stiffness condition of the bridge columns.
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles forin vivomolecular and cellular imaging (2015)

In the last decade, the biomedical applications of nanoparticles (NPs) (e.g. cell tracking, biosensing, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), targeted drug delivery, and tissue engineering) have been increasingly developed. Among the various NP types, superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs (SPIONs) have attracted considerable attention for early detection of diseases due to their specific physicochemical properties and their molecular imaging capabilities. A comprehensive review is presented on the recent advances in the development of in vitro and in vivo SPION applications for molecular imaging, along with opportunities and challenges.
Current-induced spin torque resonance of a magnetic insulator (2015)

We report the observation of current-induced spin torque resonance in yttrium iron garnet/platinum bilayers. An alternating charge current at $\mathrm{GHz}$ frequencies in the platinum gives rise to dc spin pumping and spin Hall magnetoresistance rectification voltages, induced by the Oersted fields of the ac current and the spin Hall effect-mediated spin transfer torque. In ultrathin yttrium iron garnet films, we observe spin transfer torque actuated magnetization dynamics which are significantly larger than those generated by the ac Oersted field. Spin transfer torques thus efficiently couple charge currents and magnetization dynamics also in magnetic insulators, enabling charge current-based interfacing of magnetic insulators with microwave devices.
The Influence of Silicone Softeners on Fabric Stain Removal and Whiteness Maintenance During Home Laundry (2013)

Abstract The influence of silicone softeners applied in textile mills on fabric stain removal and whiteness maintenance during home laundry are investigated using amino and polyether silicones. It is observed that fabrics treated with amino silicones have reduced stain removal performance. On the other hand, fabrics treated with polyether silicones have improved performance over both amino silicones treated and untreated fabrics. In general, amino silicones reduce the fabric whiteness because they influence the intensity of textile brightener and its maximum emission wavelength. With analysis of fabric surface energy, Si content, wash fastness and silicone–stain interaction, the influence of the silicone on the performance of fabric stain removal can be concluded as follows: (1) the higher the surface energy of fabric treated with silicone, the better is the fabric stain removal; (2) cationic charges of amino silicones create a strong interaction between silicones and stains, leading to poor stain removal index; (3) due to silicone–stain interaction, stains may be washed away with silicone on the fabric surface. Therefore, poor silicone wash fastness may lead to better fabric stain removal.
Transient Response of an Interface-Crack in a Layered Plate (1986)

In this paper, the transient response of an interface crack, in a two layered plate subjected to an antiplane stress field, is analytically computed. The problem is formulated in terms of semi-infinite integrals following the technique developed by Neerhoff (1979). It has been shown that the major steps of Neerhoff’s technique, which was originally developed for layered half-spaces, can also be applied to layered plate problems. An improved method for manipulation of semi-infinite singular integrals is also presented here. Finally, the new method is coded in FORTRAN program and numerical results for a sample problem are presented.
Symmetrieerhaltende Datenfusion für optisch-inertiales Tracking / Symmetry-Preserving Data Fusion for Optical-Inertial Tracking (2013)

Zusammenfassung Der Beitrag beschreibt die effiziente Fusion von optischen und Inertialdaten in einem Trackingsystem zur Verfolgung schneller Bewegungen. Das Hauptziel ist dabei, die Datenfusion so zu entwerfen, dass die Trackingergebnisse mit hoher Abtastrate und niedriger Latenz vorliegen. Dafür wird ein invarianter Datenfusionsansatz gewählt, der die Symmetrien des Systems erhält. Durch diese Berücksichtigung der Geometrie des Systems wird u. a. die Rechenzeit verkürzt. Das optisch-inertiale Trackingsystem ist kostengünstig und für verschiedene Anwendungen geeignet, z. B. in der computergestützten Chirurgie
Identifying network properties that influence the vulnerability of power systems to extreme contingencies (2019)

Research into transmission system vulnerability has shown that different power networks respond differently to large multiple contingencies, in terms of how much load shedding is required to restore a power system to within its operating limits after the contingency. Specifically, the mean and variance in blackout sizes differ substantially among different cases. This paper aims to understand why these differences exist by studying relationships between the properties of several test cases and the vulnerability of those networks to severe multiple contingencies. The results suggest that the graph density (the relative number of transmission lines) and the geographic dispersion of loads significantly influence the vulnerability of networks to multiple contingencies.
Social Feedback System for Promoting General Citizens to Change Their Travel Behavior using the CO₂ Information System (2013)

For reducing carbon dioxide (CO₂) emission from road traffics, the authors are constructing a system to prompt general citizens to perform eco-friendly travel behavior by distributing and showing the Regional Transport Information, taking advantage of information and communication technologies. The traffic situations are observed by using existing monitoring cameras etc., and the whole situation is estimated by interpolation. From this, CO₂ emission is calculated, visualized with VR/MR technology, and displayed to the citizens through information devices. In Dec. 2012, the field operation test started in Kashiwa City to explore how their travel behavior changes from usual by this system.
Nanoscale Observation of the Electronic and Local Structures of LiCoO2 Thin Film Electrode by Depth-Resolved X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (2011)

The electronic and local structural changes during electrochemical delithiation processes occurring at the electrode/electrolyte interface of LiCoO2 thin film electrode prepared by pulsed laser deposition were clarified by using depth-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy technique. We successfully obtained detailed microstructural information around the Li1–xCoO2 electrode surface with a depth resolution of ca. 3 nm using a spectro-electrochemical cell. Our results revealed a remarkable increase in the local distortions at the Li1–xCoO2 surface after charging, and the distortions extended to the bulk of Li1–xCoO2. Such unprecedented local distortions might be attributable to the marked deterioration of the electrodes.
IMPAIRMENT OF RAPID MOVEMENT IN HUNTINGTON'S DISEASE (1987)

Patients with Huntington's disease (HD) and relatives at risk were examined with respect to their capacity to produce rapid voluntary motor activity. For this purpose, the fastest possible self-paced single isometric forefinger extensions and the fastest alternating forefinger movements were tested. In addition to these fastest voluntary performances, the time course of spontaneous hyperkinetic finger movements and the peak frequency of finger and hand tremor were analysed as a measure of the temporal characteristics of involuntary movements. Comparison of these parameters in HD patients and individuals at risk with age and sex-matched normal controls revealed a significant slowing of all types of contractions or movements in the majority (up to 95%) of the patients and in up to 40% of the relatives at risk. Reaction times were only slightly prolonged, and the abnormalities of the movement parameters showed no correlation with detailed psychometric data. Hence it is unlikely that the disturbance in the execution of rapid motor acts is due to dementia. Tremor was also slower than normal and the hyperkinesias were still slower than the fastest voluntary contractions. It appears from this study that slowness of motor performance is not only evident in Parkinson's disease but may represent a more general dysfunction in basal ganglia disease.
Impact of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I on Type IIb Myosin Heavy Chain Promoter Activity (2006)

Myosin heavy chain (MyHC) is an important skeletal muscle contractile protein that undergoes a fast-to-slow fiber type shift as a result of aging. Also, a decrease in IGF-I plasma level is a risk factor for mortality in old humans. Interestingly, over-expression of IGF-I in vivo restores MyHC phenotype to youthful levels in mice, i.e., normal levels of type II MyHC. The mechanism(s) by which IGF-I restores the MyHC phenotype remain unclear. PURPOSE: We tested the hypothesis that IGF-I stimulates type IIb MyHC promoter activity and increases IIb MyHC mRNA levels. METHODS: 3,000 base pairs of the 5' flanking region (3-kb promoter) of the mouse IIb MyHC gene were cloned from a bacterial artificial chromosome using primers with engineered restriction enzyme sites. The promoter clone was then ligated into a reporter vector driving firefly luciferase expression. 5' deletion constructs were made from the 3-kb construct and annealed to the reporter vector. PCR fidelity and promoter orientation were confirmed by automated DNA sequencing. C2C12 mouse myoblasts were transiently transfected with the promoter constructs. The following day, differentiation was initiated by replacing the growth media with low-serum differentiation media (DM) or DM + IGF-I (250ng/mL). All media was replaced daily. Total mRNA was reverse transcribed and IIb MyHC levels were then determined by real-time PCR. Firefly luciferase activity was assayed using a commercial reagent system. RESULTS: IIb MyHC mRNA was detectable after 2 days of differentiation, with no difference between IGF-I treated cells and control cells. After 3 and 4 days of differentiation IIb MyHC mRNA was 12 and 7 fold greater, respectively, in IGF-I-treated cells compared to control cells, p<0.05. During 4 days of differentiation the activity of the 3-kb IIb MyHC promoter was significantly greater in the IGF-I treated cells compared to the control cells, i.e., IIb MyHC promoter activity was 3–6 fold greater in IGF-I-treated cells, p<0.05. 5' deletions made to the 3-kb construct demonstrated that the minimal length of the IIb MyHC promoter is ∼2-kb with variable activities between 2-kb and 1-kb. The stimulatory effect of IGF-I on IIb MyHC promoter activity was lost on constructs less than 1.1-kb in length. CONCLUSION: These data indicate that IIb MyHC mRNA levels are significantly increased in IGF-I-treated muscle cells. The IIb MyHC promoter reporter data suggest that increased MyHC IIb promoter activity contributes to the increase in IIb MyHC mRNA. Sponsored by the National Institutes of Health: 5F32AR051640-02 (RAS).