gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Suppression of Drug‐Resistant Staphylococcal Infections by the Quorum‐Sensing Inhibitor RNAIII‐Inhibiting Peptide (2004)

Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis are major causes of infection related to biofilm formed on indwelling medical devices. Such infections are common causes of morbidity and mortality and, because of biofilm resistance to antibiotics, are difficult to treat. The RNAIII-inhibiting peptide (RIP) (YSPWTNF-NH2) inhibits the pathogenesis of staphylococci by disrupting bacterial cell-cell communication (known as "quorum sensing"). Using a vascular-graft rat model, we show that RIP, applied locally and systemically, can completely inhibit drug-resistant S. aureus and S. epidermidis biofilms. The present study provides the first direct demonstration that interfering with cell-cell communication by use of a quorum-sensing inhibitor can eliminate medical device-associated staphylococcal infections. We suggest that medical devices could be coated with RIP to prevent infections, including those by antibiotic-resistant staphylococcal strains.
Video synchronization using bit rate profiles (2010)

We present a novel approach for the temporal synchronization of multiple videos which is based on cross-correlating bit rate profiles. The proposed scheme determines the temporal offset without major restrictions on viewing angles, camera properties and camera motion. We propose two extensions of the basic algorithm which reduce the influence of camera motion and distracting background objects. Additionally, we describe how to optimally combine different bit rate components in order to further improve the reliability of the synchronization scheme. The proposed approach, when combined with the three extensions, leads to a reliable, robust, and frame accurate temporal alignment of videos at remarkably low complexity.
A Line-Based Parallel Memory for QCA Implementation (2005)

Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) has been widely advocated as a new device architecture for nanotechnology. Using QCA, the innovative design of digital systems can be achieved by exploiting the so-called capability of processing-in-wire, i.e., signal manipulation proceeds at the same time as propagation. QCA systems require low power together with the potential for high density and regularity. These features make QCA an attractive technology for manufacturing memories in which the in-wire paradigm can be exploited for storage purposes. This paper proposes a novel parallel memory architecture for QCA implementation. This architecture is based on storing information on a QCA line by changing the direction of signal flow among three clocking zones. Timing of these zones requires two additional clocks to implement a four-step process for reading/writing data to the memory. Its operation has been verified by simulation. It is shown that the requirements for clocking, number of zones, as well as the underlying CMOS circuitry are significantly reduced compared with previous QCA parallel architectures.
Effect of Graphite Nanoparticles on Promoting CO2 Hydrate Formation (2014)

The effects of the graphite nanoparticles on the CO2 hydrate formation process were experimentally studied by measuring the induction time and amount of gas consumed. A suspension of 0.4% graphite nanoparticles was injected into the hydrate formation reactor, while pressure and temperature were maintained at 3.5 MPa and 277.15 K, and the magnetic stirrer speed was set at 300 rpm. The reaction lasted 800 min. The CO2 hydrate formation process and the amount of gas consumed were studied in both pure water and water containing a 0.4% graphite nanoparticle suspension. The induction time of hydrate formation was measured under various pressures. The results show that the nanographite particles had a positive effect on hydrate formation. In comparison to pure water, the induction time of CO2 hydrate formed in the presence of the graphite nanoparticles decreased by 80.8%, while the maximum CO2 consumption increased by 12.8%. In addition, the hydrate reaction was 98.8% complete within 400 min in the presence of nanographite particles. Graphite nanoparticles played a vital role in promoting CO2 hydrate formation.
ChemInform Abstract: FRIEDEL‐CRAFTS‐CHEMIE 6. MITT. ALKYLIERUNG VON HETEROORGANISCHEN VERBINDUNGEN MIT DIALKYLHALONIUMFLUOROANTIMONATEN, DARST. VON ONIUMIONEN‐SALZEN (1970)

Abstract Durch Umsetzung der Haloniumionen (I) (als Fluoroantimonate) mit den Äthern (II), den Carbonylverbindungen (IV) bzw. den Nitroverbindungen (VI) in Schwefeldioxid bei ‐78°C erhält man die alkylierten Oniumkationen (III), (V) bzw. (VII), die als Fluoroborate isoliert werden können.
Scalability of Real-Time IoT-based Applications for Smart Cities (2018)

The Internet of Things (IoT) is getting momentum, which drives us to design solutions able to deal with huge amounts of data coming from different sorts of sensors in order to make decisions to adapt system behavior automatically. While in recent years many IoT-based reasoning systems have already been proposed, there are no comprehensive results reporting their performance, particularly in complex environments. As an answer to that challenge, developers often choose an architecture design based on previous experience that have an impact on the system performance and scalability. This paper shows experimental results of a performance analysis study of different implementations of context-aware management architectures for IoT-based smart cities. Results show that different architectural choices affect system scalability and that automatic real time decision-making is feasible in an environment composed of dozens of thousands of sensors continuously transmitting data.
Net-Zero Settlement in Distribution Markets (2017)

Introduction of market mechanisms in distribution systems is currently subject to extensive studies. One of the challenges facing Distribution Market Operators (DMOs) is to implement a fair and economically efficient pricing mechanism that can incentivize consumers to positively contribute to grid operations and to improve economic performance of the distribution system. This paper studies a penalty-based pricing mechanism in distribution markets and further investigates the interrelationship between the locational marginal prices (LMPs) at transmission and distribution levels. As a result, a closed-form relationship between these LMPs is derived. The possibility of zeroing out the settlement profit is further investigated under the proposed pricing mechanism.
Effects of pulse shaping on Nd:YAG spot welds in austenitic stainless steel (1994)

The effects of temporal pulse shape on weld dimensions and weld quality of Nd:YAG laser spot welds produced in AISI 304 stainless steel have been examined over a range of power densities and pulse times. Four different temporal pulse types were used: normal rectangular'' pulses with a characteristic leading-edge power spike, rectangular pulses with no spike, ramped-up pulses and ramped-down pulses. Pulse shaping had no significant effect on the weld dimensions or weld quality of the conduction-mode welds. Removal of the leading-edge power spike from rectangular'' pulse shapes tended to reduce the weld diameter and crater area of keyhole-mode welds, but had little effect on other measures of size or quality. However, the diameter, penetration and melt area of keyhole-mode welds made with ramped-up or ramped-down pulse shapes were consistently greater than those made with the rectangular pulse shape. Also, the penetration and melt area of keyhole-mode welds made with the ramped-up pulse shape were greater than those made with the ramped-down pulse shape. Keyhole-mode welds made with ramped-up pulse shapes had the greatest occluded gas porosity, but the smallest crater areas. Alternatively, welds made with the ramped-down pulse shape exhibited the least porosity, but the greatest crater areas.
Classical and Quantum Properties of Magnetic Nanostructures (1998)

Abstract : The reversal mechanisms in arrays of STM-fabricated nanometer-scale iron particles were studied by low temperature integrated 2DEG Hall magnetometry and room temperature magnetic force microscopy. Initially, the magnetic properties of the STM particles were studied in ensembles at low temperature.
Anti‐inflammatory and anti‐bacterial properties of tetramethylhexadecenyl succinyl cysteine (TSC): a skin‐protecting cosmetic functional ingredient (2014)

Tetramethylhexadecenyl succinyl cysteine represents a novel cosmetic functional ingredient that provides a dual modulating benefit of skin protection to individuals by reducing inflammation in keratinocytes, endothelial and mononuclear cell types and S. pyogenes counts.
Combining Endothall with Other Herbicides for Improved Control of Hydrilla - A Field Demonstration (2004)

This technical note describes the results of a field demonstration to examine the effectiveness of combining endothall applied as Aquathol(registered) K with other aquatic herbicides for control of hydrilla. Concentrations and combinations were based on previous greenhouse trials conducted at the Lewisville Aquatic Ecosystem Research Facility (LAERF) in Lewisville, Texas, using Aquathol(registered) K, Reward(registered) (diquat), Hydrothol(registered) 191 (endothall) and Cutrine(registered)-Plus (chelated copper). The use of herbicide combinations is a widespread and documented practice in the agricultural community but is a less defined practice in aquatic vegetation management. Herbicide combinations may offer significant advantages over the use of a single material, including: improved and extended weed control, reduced herbicide rates and application costs, shorter contact times for improved results in flowing water, less stringent use restrictions, improved selectivity.
Imaging room acoustics with the audio camera. (2009)

Using a spherical microphone array and real time signal processing using a graphical processing unit (GPU), an audio camera has been developed. This device provides images of the intensity of the sound field arriving at a point from a specified direction to the spherical array. Real-time performance is achieved via use of GPUs. The intensity can be displayed integrated over the whole frequency band of the array, or in false color, with different frequency bands mapped to different color bands. The resulting audio camera may be combined with video cameras to achieve multimodal scene capture and analysis. A theory of registration of audio camera images with video camera images is developed, and joint analysis of audio and video images performed. An interesting application of the audio camera is the imaging of concert hall acoustics. The individual reflections that constitute the impulse response measured at a particular seat may be imaged, and their spatial origin determined. Other applications of the audio camera to people tracking, noise suppression, and camera pointing are also presented. [Work partially supported by NVIDIA and the VA.]
Lucy-Richardson-Rosen Algorithm Assisted Classification of Blurred Images with Deep Learning Networks (2023)

Pattern recognition techniques form the heart of most, if not all, incoherent linear shift-invariant systems. When an object is recorded using a camera, the object information gets sampled by the point spread function (PSF) of the system, replacing every object point with the PSF in the sensor. The PSF is a sharp Kronecker Delta-like function when the numerical aperture (NA) is large with no aberrations. When the NA is small, and the system has aberrations, the PSF appears blurred. In the above case, if the PSF is known, then the object information can be obtained by scanning the PSF over the recorded object intensity pattern and looking for pattern matching conditions through a mathematical process called correlation. In this study, a recently developed deconvolution method, the Lucy-Richardson-Rosen algorithm (LR2A), has been implemented to computationally refocus images recorded in the presence of spatio-spectral aberrations. The performance of LR2A was compared against the Lucy-Richardson algorithm and non-linear reconstruction. LR2A exhibits a superior deconvolution capability even in extreme cases of spatio-spectral aberrations and blur. Experimental results of deblurring a picture captured using high-resolution smartphone cameras are presented. LR2A was implemented to significantly improve the performances of the widely used deep convolutional neural networks for image classification.
Revision of the 1990 working formulation for the classification of pulmonary allograft rejection: Lung Rejection Study Group. (1996)

In 1990, an international grading scheme for the grading of pulmonary allograft rejection was instituted. The use of this classification has resulted in a uniformity of grading which has allowed inter-institutional collaborations and communication unique in allograft monitoring. In 1995 an expanded group of international pathologists convened and revised the original proposal. This article summarizes the updated classification for pulmonary allograft rejection. In brief, acute rejection is based on perivascular and interstitial mononuclear infiltrates. Each grade of acute rejection should mention the presence of coexistent airway inflammation, the intensity of which may also be graded. Chronic rejection is divided into bronchiolitis obliterans--active or inactive--and vascular atherosclerosis--accelerated arterial or venous sclerosis.
AI-Based Software Defect Predictors: Applications and Benefits in a Case Study (2010)

Software defect prediction aims to reduce software testing efforts by guiding testers through the defect-prone sections of software systems. Defect predictors are widely used in organizations to predict defects in order to save time and effort as an alternative to other techniques such as manual code reviews. The application of a defect prediction model in a real-life setting is difficult because it requires software metrics and defect data from past projects to predict the defect-proneness of new projects. It is, on the other hand, very practical because it is easy to apply, can detect defects using less time and reduces the testing effort. We have built a learning-based defect prediction model for a telecommunication company during a period of one year. In this study, we have briefly explained our model, presented its pay-off and described how we have implemented the model in the company. Furthermore, we have compared the performance of our model with that of another testing strategy applied in a pilot project that implemented a new process called Team Software Process (TSP). Our results show that defect predictors can be used as supportive tools during a new process implementation, predict 75% of code defects, and decrease the testing time compared with 25% of the code defects detected through more labor-intensive strategies such as code reviews and formal checklists.
“Bottom-Up” Meets “Top-Down” Assembly in Nanoscale Polyoxometalate Clusters: Self-Assembly of [P4W52O178]24−and Disassembly to [P3W39O134]19− (2008)

The pH-controlled assembly/disassembly of a nanoscale {P4W52O178}24- cluster at pH 2 to a {P4W44O152}20- cluster at pH 3-5 via a {P3W39O134}19- cluster species at pH 2-3 to finally give {P2W19O69(OH2)}14- at pH 6 is reported. This process can be traced in the solid state crystallographically and in solution using dynamic light scattering studies.
High efficiency a-Si/a-Si tandem solar cells (2002)

The authors report results on a-Si/a-Si tandem solar cells fabricated using niobium oxide (NbO/sub x/) as the recombination layer in the tunneling junction and an advanced doping gas, trimethylboron (B(CH/sub 3/)/sub 3/), in the p/sup +/ layer. The tunneling junction has a low series resistance and minimizes optical loss. The advantage of the NbO/sub x/ layer is its high transparency; hence, a relatively thick ( approximately 10-nm) layer can be used. The ability to use a thick oxide layer is important for the implementation of the tunneling junction in the production of large-area panels. The best 1 cm/sup 2/ area a-Si/a-Si tandem cell reached 10.4% conversion efficiency, as confirmed by SERI. Comparison of the effects of extended light soaking on the performance of single junction and tandem devices indicates that the tandem cells are more stable. B(CH/sub 3/)/sub 3/ appears to be a better doping gas than B/sub 2/H/sub 6/ for the p layers in the tandem cells.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
I19, the small-molecule single-crystal diffraction beamline at Diamond Light Source (2012)

The dedicated small-molecule single-crystal X-ray diffraction beamline (I19) at Diamond Light Source has been operational and supporting users for over three years. I19 is a high-flux tunable-wavelength beamline and its key details are described in this article. Much of the work performed on the beamline involves structure determination from small and weakly diffracting crystals. Other experiments that have been supported to date include structural studies at high pressure, studies of metastable species, variable-temperature crystallography, studies involving gas exchange in porous materials and structural characterizations that require analysis of the diffuse scattering between Bragg reflections. A range of sample environments to facilitate crystallographic studies under non-ambient conditions are available as well as a number of options for automation. An indication of the scope of the science carried out on the beamline is provided by the range of highlights selected for this paper.
Multi Topology Routing based IP Fast Re-Route for Software Defined Networks (2016)

The strict Quality of Service requirements of real-time services in communication networks necessitate the fast recovery from link/node failures by activating alternate paths which avoid the failed component. Multi Topology Routing (MTR) based IP Fast Re-Route (IPFRR) technologies rely on virtual topologies (VTs) to seamlessly forward the IP packets during network failures. In this paper, we implement a new MTR based IPFRR technique for Software Defined Networks (SDN) which uses the Multiple Routing Configurations method to construct VTs. Our approach leads to self-recovering SDN against failures. Out preliminary results show that our approach considerably reduces the failure recovery time compared to the reactive recovery process in SDN.
Growth of long and aligned multi-walled carbon nanotubes on carbon and metal substrates (2012)

Well aligned, long and dense multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNT) can be grown on both carbon fibres and any metal substrates compatible with the CNT synthesis temperature. The injection-CVD process developed involves two stages, including fibre pretreatment by depositing a SiO(2)-based sub-layer from an organometallic precursor followed by CNT growth from toluene/ferrocene precursor mixture. Carbon substrates, as well as metals, can easily be treated with this process, which takes place in the same reactor and does not need any handling in between the two stages. The aligned CNT carpets obtained are similar to the ones grown on reference quartz substrates. The CNT growth rate is fairly high (ca. 30 μm min(-1)) and it is possible to control CNT length by varying the CNT synthesis duration. The thickness of the SiO(2)-based sub-layer can be varied and is shown to have an influence on the CNT growth. This layer is assumed to play a diffusion barrier layer role between the substrate and the iron based catalyst nanoparticles producing CNT. The CNT anchorage to the carbon fibres has been checked and good overall adhesion proved, which is in favour of a good transfer of electrical charge and heat between the nanotubes and fibre.
Neuronal degeneration and neurofilament accumulation in the trigeminal ganglia in creutzfeldt‐jakob disease (1989)

We report the pathological and immunohistochemical changes in the first-order neurons in the trigeminal ganglia in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). Degenerative changes consisted of cytoplasmic vacuolation and fenestration, abundant satellite cells, neurofilament accumulation in neurons, and axonal dystrophy with spheroid formation and torpedolike structures arising from the neuronal cytoplasm. Dystrophic axons, axonal spheroids, and some ganglion cells were labeled with monoclonal antibodies to a phosphorylated epitope of neurofilaments (200 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies to purified scrapie-associated fibril/prion protein (molecular weight 27-30 kDa) extracted from scrapie-infected hamster brains, as well as polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to a synthetic 15-amino acid polypeptide of the 27- to 30-kDa protein, demonstrated variable immunoreactivity with degenerating neurons in the CJD cases, but not in the controls. Furthermore, some of the satellite cells and dystrophic axons were stained by the antibodies to the synthetic peptide. These data indicate that the first-order neurons of the trigeminal ganglia may form a route by which the CJD agent may travel from the brain to the periphery or vice versa. As in other chronic neurodegenerative diseases, disturbances of neuroaxonal transport seem to occur in CJD.
ABCC1: a gateway for pharmacological compounds to the ischaemic brain (2008)

By preventing access of drugs to the CNS, the blood-brain barrier hampers developments in brain pharmacotherapy. Strong efforts are currently being made to identify drugs that accumulate more efficaciously in ischaemic brain tissue. We identified an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter, ABCC1, which is expressed on the abluminal surface of the brain capillary endothelium and mildly downregulated in response to focal cerebral ischaemia, induced by intraluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion. In biodistribution studies we show that ABCC1 promotes the accumulation of known neuroprotective and neurotoxic compounds in the ischaemic and non-ischaemic brain, ABCC1 deactivation reducing tissue concentrations by up to two orders of magnitude. As such, ABCC1's expression and functionality in the brain differs from the liver, spleen and testis, where ABCC1 is strongly expressed on parenchymal cells, resulting -- in case of liver and testis -- in directed transport from the tissue into the blood. After focal cerebral ischaemia, ABCC1 deactivation abolished the efficacy of both neuroprotective and neurotoxic compounds. Our data indicate that ABCC1 acts as gateway for pharmacological compounds to the stroke brain. We suggest that the tailoring of compounds binding to abluminal but not luminal ABC transporters may facilitate stroke pharmacotherapy.
On process variation tolerant low cost thermal sensor design in 32nm CMOS technology (2009)

Thermal management has emerged as an important design issue in a range of designs from portable devices to server systems. Internal thermal sensors are an integral part of such a management system. Process variations in CMOS circuits cause accuracy problems for thermal sensors which can be fixed by calibration tables. Stand-alone thermal sensors are calibrated to fix such problems. However, calibration requires going through temperature steps in a tester, increasing test application time and cost. Consequently, calibrating thermal sensors in typical digital designs including mainstream desktop and notebook processors increases the cost of the processor. This creates a need for design of thermal sensors whose accuracy does not vary significantly with process variations. Other qualities desired from thermal sensors include low area requirement so that many of them maybe integrated in a design as well as low power dissipation, such that the sensor itself does not become a significant source of heat. In this paper, we present a process variation tolerant thermal sensor design with (i) active compensation circuitry and (ii) signal dithering based self calibration technique to meet the above requirements in 32nm technology. Results show that we achieve ±3ºC temperature accuracy, with a relatively small design. This compares well with designs that are currently used.