gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanical Strength of Microstructured Optical Fiber (2006)

We have investigated the strength and fatigue of Micro-structured Optical Fiber (MOF). Fracture of the MOF is observed to originate from the inner surfaces of the air holes, leading to some different characteristics.
Generating alpha: can we prevent a back pain bubble? (2020)

t's been a rough time." We sat in shared silence. The young man before me was one of my new patients; I will call him Mr. Lee. He had come to hear those magic words: "Your pain is treatable." Mr. Lee was like many people I had met that day-his back was killing him. He told me about his accident. He told me the pain pulsed and throbbed and shot down his leg. He told me how the leg grew weaker and weaker; how it affected his work. He told me why
Adaptive Feature Selection-Based AdaBoost-KNN With Direct Optimization for Dynamic Emotion Recognition in Human–Robot Interaction (2019)

AdaBoost-KNN using adaptive feature selection with direct optimization is proposed for dynamic emotion recognition in human-robot interaction, where the real-time dynamic emotion is recognized based on facial expression. It can make robots capable of understanding human dynamic emotions, in such a way that human-robot interaction is realized in a smooth manner. Based on the facial key points extracted by Candide-3 model, adaptive feature selection is adopted, namely Plus-L Minus-R Selection is completed. It can determine the features that contribute the most to emotion recognition, thereby forming the basis of emotion classification. Emotion classification is based on AdaBoost-KNN, which builds a series of KNN classifiers. AdaBoost-KNN adjusts the weights of the data in an iterative manner. Moreover, global optimal parameters are approximated with direct optimization until the recognition rate reaches its maximal value. The experimental performance of the proposal is verified by a k-fold cross-validation. Results show that the recognition rate of the proposed approach is higher than that of the AdaBoost-KNN, adaptive feature selection-based AdaBoost-KNN, and AdaBoost-KNN with direct optimization. It is also higher than the rate achieved by other traditional recognition methods, such as AdaBoost, KNN, and SVM. In addition, preliminary application experiments are developed in our emotional social robot system, composed of two mobile robots. The experiments demonstrate the dynamic emotion understanding ability of robots in human-robot interaction.
Cognitive Systems Engineering Approach to Shared Situation Awareness for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (2005)

Integration of UAVs with Air Traffic Control (ATC) is a world wide problem. ATC is already troubled by capacity problems due to a vast amount of air traffic. In the future when large numbers of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) will participate in the same airspace, the situation cannot afford to have UAVs that need special attention. Regulations for UAV flights in civil airspace are still being developed but it is expected that authorities will require UAVs to operate “like manned aircraft”. The implication is that UAVs need to become full participants of a complex socio-technical environment and need to generate ‘man like’ decisions and behavior. In order to deal with the complexity a novel approach to developing UAV autonomy is needed, aimed to create an environment that fosters shared situation awareness between the UAVs, pilots and controllers. The underlying principle is to develop an understanding of the work domain that can be shared between people and UAVs. A powerful framework to represent the meaningful structure of the environment is Rasmussen’s abstraction hierarchy. This paper proposes that autonomous UAVs can base their reasoning, decisions and actions on the abstraction hierarchy framework and communicate about their goals and intentions with human operators. It is hypothesized that the properties of the framework can create ‘shared situation awareness’ between the artificial and human operators despite the differences in their internal workings.
Intensity Modulation Effects in Multiparameter Displays (1967)

A number of photographs of simulated multiparameter displays are presented, showing the visual effects of several different matrix spot intensity modulation techniques. It is seen that brightening the matrix spots in direct proportion to contents, or height contributes to the 3-dimensional illusion of isometric displays. It is also seen that brightening the matrix spots in approximate logarithmic, rather than linear proportion to contents provides improved highlighting of small picture detail, and prevents "washout" of picture under high ambient light viewing conditions. Conclusions are also drawn concerning the necessary CRT spot resolution for acceptable data picture quality, and minimum frame rate for flicker-free viewing.
2C1424 Photochemical reaction dynamics of blue light sensor protein YtvA from Bacillus subtilis(Protein: Function 1,The 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society of Japan) (2011)

TheBiophysicalSociety of Japan General IncorporatedAssociation significantly slow.There is also a criticul hydration ]cycl below which proteins do not function.Those facts indicatc that the dynamics of water play an impertant rote for proteins to function.However its underlyillg molecular mechanism has not been clarified yet.To understand it, it is vital to understand the role ofwater molecule for protcins to change their conformations, since the function of the proteins can be understood as the consecutive collfoirnation changes ofthe proteins triggered by the external stimuli.In order to understand the mechanism, we do molecu]ar dynamics simu]ation ofa peptide.Met-Enkephalin, -'hich consists of 5 am{no acids, in explicit -,ater solvent.The conformation changes of the peptide can be classificd into thc foTlewing two cases.One is water assisting.that is, the surrounding water performs ma.ior mechanical work for the peptide to change its conformation.The other is water hindering, that is, the water prevents peptide from changing its conformation, The di fference between the two can be understood in tenns or thc cooperative behavior of the vL'ater.We extract the cooperative bchafoior from density, moinentum and encrgy density of the water by us{ng ouT coarse-grained mcthod, GAIO extended to non-stationary
The effects of delta‐opioid receptor ligands on the primary and conditioned reinforcing effects of cocaine in rats (2013)

Pharmacological and genetic studies suggest that the delta opioid receptor (DOR) system modifies addiction‐related behaviors and neurocircuitry. Therefore, the present study investigated the effects of DOR ligands on the primary and conditioned reinforcing effects of cocaine in rats. DOR agonists and antagonists were administered s.c. immediately before cocaine or food self‐administration sessions or before cue reactivity sessions. The delta opioid agonist SNC80 failed to maintain responding in naïve rats. In rats with a history of cocaine self‐administration, non‐contingent SNC80 administration failed to alter responding for cocaine injections but enhanced responding maintained by stimuli previously associated with cocaine. The delta opioid antagonist naltrindole decreased responding for cocaine‐paired stimuli in the absence of cocaine. Overall, these data suggest that the DOR system may modulate the reinforcing effectiveness of conditioned stimuli associated with drugs of abuse. These studies were supported by the Small Grants Program from the University of Michigan Substance Abuse Research Center.
Effects of exogenous salicylic acid on polysaccharides production of Dendrobium officinale (2014)

Polysaccharides from Dendrobium officinale possess unparalleled medicinal value. In order to produce the active polysaccharides from D. officinale through tissue culture, the effects of salicylic acid on the accumulation of polysaccharides were investigated. Salicylic acid (SA) was beneficial to increasing the contents of polysaccharides. The highest polysaccharide production occurred on the medium supplied with 100 μmol·L− 1 salicylic acid. After 30 days of culture the production of polysaccharides reached 10.09% and 15.81% by phenol-sulfuric acid method and 3, 5-dinitrosalicylic (DNS) colorimetric method respectively. The major constituent of polysaccharides, glucose and mannose, was determined by pre-column derivatization-HPLC. The results showed that the glucose contents were reduced and mannose contents were increased with different salicylic acid concentration. The ANOVA of the mannose contents demonstrated that among the different SAs concentration was significantly different. The SA application influenced polysaccharide production rather than degradation because the sucrose metabolic enzyme activities were modified by SA. The experiments suggest that salicylic acid could be an effective compound to enhance the production of active polysaccharides from D. officinale.
Asynchrony-aware static analysis of Android applications (2016)

Software applications developed for the Android platform are very popular. Due to this, static analysis of these applications has received a lot of attention recently. An Android application is essentially an asynchronous, event-driven program. The Android framework manages the state of the application by invoking callbacks, called lifecycle callbacks, in pre-defined orders. Unfortunately, the existing static analysis techniques treat the callbacks synchronously. Additionally, they do not model all possible orderings of lifecycle callbacks. These may result in unsound analysis results. In this work, we present a precise representation of control flow of Android applications called Android inter-component control flow graph (AICCFG). In this representation, the asynchronous nature of the callbacks is modeled accurately. Further, all interleavings of callbacks of different components of an Android application are modeled in AICCFG. We use this representation to design a typestate analysis of Android applications. Android applications use a rich set of resources such as camera and media player whose safe usage is governed by some state machines. Using the typestate analysis, we can verify whether an application uses a resource safely or not. We have implemented the construction of AICCFG and the typestate analysis in the Soot framework. We have also implemented a variant of typestate analysis which uses the unsound control flow model used commonly in the literature. To compare our AICCFG based analysis with this, we present a benchmark of Android applications called AsyncBench. It comprises applications that use various resources in both safe and unsafe manner. The experiments over this benchmark demonstrate the benefits of our more precise control flow model and the typestate analysis.
Superior Capacity Retention Sn–Ni–Fe–C Composite Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries (2009)

Sn–Ni–Fe–C composite anodes have been synthesized by a mechanochemical reaction of Sn with Ni–C and Fe–C composites and characterized. The Sn–Ni–Fe–C composite consisting of nanostructured , , and SnFe along with carbon exhibits excellent capacity retention with a capacity of over . X-ray diffraction characterization of the electrodes reveals that while decomposes completely during the lithiation process, both and SnFe decompose only partially. The enhanced capacity retention of Sn–Ni–Fe–C compared to that of Sn is attributed to the buffering effect provided by and SnFe and their effectiveness in suppressing the Sn grain growth during cycling.
Isolated pulmonary regurgitation causes decreased right ventricular longitudinal function and compensatory increased septal pumping in a porcine model (2017)

These findings suggest that PR contributes to decreased RV longitudinal function in the absence of scarring from cardiac surgery. Measurement of longitudinal RVSV may aid risk stratification and timing for interventional correction of PR in TOF patients.
OC14.05: Feasibility of fetal gender assignment by ultrasound evaluation of the pelvic organs in the second and third trimesters (2005)

To determine the feasibility and reliability of fetal gender assignment (FGA) by prenatal ultrasound (US) assessment of the pelvic organs in 2nd and 3rd trimester. We performed a prospective double blinded study. FGA was either by US visualization of fetal external genitalia or postnatal follow-up. On a transverse image of the fetal pelvis, at the level where the umbilical arteries are at the midpoint of the bladder sidewalls, the distance between the posterior wall of the fetal bladder and anterior wall of the rectum was measured. A video loop of the pelvis was obtained. A second reader, blinded to external FGA, rated the pelvic video loop subjectively as female, male or uncertain and repeated the axial measurement. Of 109 patients, 62.4% were in 2nd trimester, and 37.6% were in 3rd trimester. The additional time to determine internal FGA was less than 5 minutes in 85.3%. The intraclass correlation coefficient between the readers was 0.97. 45 patients were assigned external female gender, with 100% concordance with internal FGA. The endometrium was visualized in 75.6%. 90% females demonstrated a convex interface of the uterus and bladder. 64 patients were assigned external male gender of which 2 were uncertain on internal FGA by the double reader only. 94% males demonstrated a flat interface of the rectum and bladder. In 2nd trimester, 97.0% of males were below discriminatory value of 3.3 mm, and 96.8% of females were above this value. In 3rd trimester, 96.3% of males were below a discriminatory value of 4.2 mm, and 100% of females were above this value. US assessment of the fetal pelvis for FGA can be performed rapidly, with a high degree of sensitivity and specificity by both subjective and objective analysis. A numerical discriminatory level can be utilized to aid discrimination of male versus female gender assignment. Larger numbers will be required to further refine these values.
WEB Device for Endovascular Treatment of Wide-Neck Bifurcation Aneurysms (2013)

In this initial series of patients, EVT of wide-neck bifurcation IAa with the WEB was feasible. Further studies are needed to evaluate the indications, safety, and efficacy of this new technique.
Prediction of Premature Cracking in Jointed Plain Concrete Pavements (2021)

This paper presents a mechanistic analysis of the occurrence and extent of premature cracking in jointed plain concrete pavements (JPCPs) by modeling (1) vehicle–pavement interaction, (2) foundation voiding, and (3) environmental conditions affecting pavement cracking. A finite-element (FE) pavement response model was developed to calculate the responses (stress and curling profile) of JPCPs. To characterize the loss of foundation support due to voids below concrete slabs, the nonlinear foundation model was linearized by spatially mapping the nonuniform modulus of subgrade reaction under the slabs. The linearized foundation model was incorporated into the pavement response model to evaluate the total flexural stress history in the slabs. A so-called quarter-vehicle model was used to calculate the dynamic tire force variation in response to a periodic surface profile caused by slab curl. Influence functions were used to combine the static elastic response of concrete slabs with the dynamic tire forces to determine the dynamic variations of surface stress and to predict fatigue cracking at various positions along the road. The initiation and propagation of premature longitudinal, transverse, and corner cracks was predicted using linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM). The study showed that dynamic tire forces have a significant effect on the location and magnitude of fatigue cracking in jointed concrete slabs. Cracking rates and the locations of peak stresses are affected by the combination of temperature gradient, vehicle characteristics and speed, slab properties, and foundation support. In addition, the occurrence of voids along the outer edge of pavements can lead to premature top-down longitudinal cracking and bottom-up transverse cracking.
Effect of Aging on the Nature of the Wichterle-Marek-Trekoval Catalyst (1967)

Abstract The effect of aging on the Wichterle-Marek-Trekoval (WMT) solid cationic catalyst for isobutene polymerization has been investigated. It was confirmed that this complex catalyst gives high molecular weight polyisobutenes at high rates at relatively high temperatures. Aging for various times and temperatures the Al(O-s-C4H9)3/BF3 component and the Al(O-s-C4H9)3/BF3/TiCl4 final catalyst strongly depresses rates of polymerization but only slightly affects the molecular weights produced. Fastest rates and molecular weights are obtained with freshly prepared catalyst whose Ti/Al ratio is ∼ 0.3 at about 30% conversions. Rates and polyisobutene molecular weights obtained by the present authors were higher than those reported by the Czechoslovakian workers. These results are discussed in terms of cationic polymerization mechanism, and an explanation for the reduced rates and molecular weights produced with aged WMT catalysts is proposed.
Regulation of desmocollin gene expression in the epidermis: CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins modulate early and late events in keratinocyte differentiation (2004)

Desmocollins (Dscs) are desmosomal cadherins that exhibit differentiation-specific patterns of expression in the epidermis. Dsc3 expression is strongest in basal cell layers, whereas Dsc1 is largely confined to upper, terminally differentiating strata. To understand better the processes by which Dsc expression is regulated in the epidermis, we have isolated Dsc3 and Dsc1 5'-flanking DNAs and analysed their activity in primary keratinocytes. In the present study, we found that transcription factors of the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein family play a role in the regulation of expression of both Dscs and, in so doing, implicate this class of transcription factors in both early and late events in keratinocyte differentiation. We show that Dscs are differentially regulated by C/EBP (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein) family members, with Dsc3 expression being activated by C/EBPbeta but not C/EBPalpha, and the reverse being the case for Dsc1. Expression of both Dscs is activated by another family member, C/EBPdelta. These results show for the first time how desmosomal cadherin gene expression is regulated and provide a mechanism for the control of other differentiation-specific genes in the epidermis.
연속확률분포의 정의와 도입 방법에 대한 2009개정 교육과정과 2015개정 교육과정의 비교 분석 연구 (2019)

본 연구는 2009개정 교육과정과 2015개정 교육과정을 반영한 교과서에서 연속확률분포를 정의하고 도입하는 방법에 대해 비교 분석하였다. 2015개정 교육과정을 반영한 확률과 통계 교과서는 연속확률변수를 가부번집합인 확률변수로 정의하기보다는 특정 범위의 모든 실숫값을 가지는 확률변수로 정의하였다. 또한 연속확률분포를 도입함에 있어 균등분포를 이용한 방법과 상대도수밀도를 이용한 방법을 사용하였다.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of Some Novel Schiff Bases Containing 2,4‐Disubstituted Thiazole Ring. (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A New Micro-Emulsion Polymer Gelling Agent with an External Surfactant Gellant Activator Improves Acid Fracturing (1999)

Abstract Typically, the gelling agents used in crosslinked hydrochloric acid are available as polymer dispersions with a pre-blended inverting agent or gellant activator. An inverting agent increases the polymer dispersion' s viscosity initially and will further increase the polymer dispersion' s viscosity over the shelf life of the product. As a result, the polymer dispersion' s pour point and stability are adversely affected, thereby reducing the polymer dispersion' s shelf life. Additionally, the use of a nonylphenol ethoxylate, the inverting agent commonly pre-blended in polymer dispersions has been banned in the North Sea due to environmental concerns. A new gelling system for crosslinked acid fracturing treatment has been developed. The system includes a microemulsion polymer gelling agent and a highly specific surfactant that is used as an external activator. The microemulsion polymer possesses very unique and more desirable properties such as a lower pour point and viscosity profile, a greatly enhanced dispersability, and a microscopic emulsion polymer particle. With a lower pour point and innate viscosity profile, the gelling agent is readily pumped directly from the shipping vessels to the blending unit even in cold weather. With such a greatly enhanced dispersability, the gelling agent is readily dispersed in the hydrochloric acid without the risk of forming unhydrated masses or " fish eyes". Additionally, the microscopic emulsion particle greatly prolongs the shelf life of the gelling agent by virtually eliminating polymer settling. With the use of the special external gellant activator, the emulsion polymer could achieve 70% or more hydration within one minute. The characteristics of the gelling agent and the use of the external activator enable the gelling system capable of "continuous mix" or " on the fly" operations. In addition, this external activator is biodegradable making it more conducive to the environment. This paper describes the chemistry of the new gelling system, its enhanced gelling capabilities, discusses the results of lab testing leading to its development, and finally, the results of extensive field-testing.
Uncomplicated Plasmodium vivax malaria: mapping the proteome from circulating platelets (2022)

The PLT proteome analyzed in this study suggests that PLTs actively respond to P. vivax infection. Altogether, our findings suggest important roles of PF4/CXCL4 during uncomplicated P. vivax infection through a possible intracellular localization. Our study shows that platelets are active responders to P. vivax infection, inhibiting intraerythrocytic parasite development. Future studies are needed to further investigate the molecular pathways of interaction between platelet proteins found in this study and host response, which could affect parasite control as well as disease progression.
The Active Site of an Enzyme Can Host Both Enantiomers of a Racemic Ligand Simultaneously (2009)

Two in one: Proteins usually bind only one enantiomer of a racemic ligand. Now a new binding mode for chiral drugs has been identified by protein crystallography. The homodimeric enzyme PhzA/B (in the picture the monomers are yellow and magenta) can host both enantiomers of a racemic ligand (light and dark gray) in its active site at the same time (dark red Br, blue N, light red O).
DETERMINATION OF LEAD IN WATER SAMPLES USING ION CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH A XYLENOL ORANGE CONTAINING ELUENT (2001)

A simple ion chromatographic method has been developed for the determination of Pb(II) in polluted water samples, based upon the use of a colour-forming eluent and visible detection. Using the combination of a strong cation exchange column (HiChrom P10SCX) and an eluent consisting of 20mM sodium acetate-acetic acid buffer (∼pH = 4.2) and 0.2mM xylenol orange, Pb(II) eluted as a reasonably sharp peak between 5 and 6.5 min (depending upon exact pH). Retention was due to a combination of cation exchange and surface adsorption, with sufficient eluent complexation with xylenol orange to allow sensitive visible detection at 572 nm, thus removing the need for complicated post-column reaction systems. The method showed a linear response over the range 0.05 to 20 mg/L Pb(II) with a detection limit (100 μL inj.) of 30 ± 5 μg/L. The method was highly selective, with only Fe(III) causing a significant interference when present at similar concentrations due to a tailed peak eluting at the eluent dip. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of a spiked river water sample and a polluted drainage sample.