gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the application of the European guidelines for diagnosis and clinical care of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (P4.152) (2015)

Objective: To evaluate the degree of application of the recommendations edited by the European Academy of Neurology (EAN) on the management of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in clinical practice. Background: The management of ALS is based on a multidisciplinary approach led by guidelines published by scientific communities. The EAN published guidelines in 2005 and 2012. Methods: Multicenter cross-sectional observational study involving six French ALS-referral centers and including prevalent and incident cases. Good practice points were translated into ad-hoc questions referring to key steps in the management. The application was evaluated by an independent clinical research assistant who examined the medical charts (MCs). When needed, an independent board-certified neurologist was in charge of answering the questions based on the examination of MCs and interview of the caring neurologist. Questions regarding diagnosis and communication were asked to patients through a self-administered questionnaire. Results: We included 376 ALS patients (176 incident, 200 prevalent cases). Median age at diagnosis was 62.8 years (IQR 55.7-72.3) and the sex-ratio was 1.37. A bulbar onset was present in 27.3[percnt] of cases. We evaluated all the topics covered in the EAN guidelines: diagnosis delay (e.g.mean 13.6 months, associated with age and onset), breaking the news (e.g.in more than 90[percnt], satisfaction of criteria for communication quality), multidisciplinary and sustained support (e.g.in 90[percnt], clinic visits scheduled at every 2-3 months), riluzole (e.g.offered and safety monitored in all patients), symptom management, genetic testing, ventilation, troubles of communication, enteral nutrition, and palliative and end-of-care. We also identified characteristics associated with poor compliance to guidelines. Conclusion: This is the first time for ALS clinicians to evaluate the application of the EAN recommendations for the management of ALS. This work will also allow us to propose (i) eventual modifications of impractical recommendations and (ii) sources of improvement for caring neurologists.
A CMOS CCD video delay line (1984)

THE CCD is applicable to wide bandwidth systems and lownoise video signal delay lines. However, due to the heavy power consumption, the conventional CCD delay line cannot be used in consumer video equipment, except in limited service
On the Applicability of Static Modes Switching in Gear Contact Applications (2012)

status: Published
Matériaux à structure renforçante percolante : quel type d'approche ? (1998)

On presente une demarche qui a conduit, pour un composite a matrice polymere renforcee par des whiskers de cellulose, a mettre en evidence des proprietes mecaniques tres particulieres. Il s'avere que ces proprietes resultent de la formation d'un squelette percolant de whiskers avec de tres fortes liaisons mecaniques entre ces whiskers. Differentes approches de modelisation ont ete confrontees a ces resultats experimentaux. Les approches classiques d'homogeneisation de type champ moyen se revelent inadaptees a ce type de probleme. Une approche de type percolation semble plus pertinente mais reste tres phenomenologique. Il apparait que seule une approche discrete du probleme basee sur des calculs elements finis puisse rendre compte efficacement des effets de renforcement, Enfin, une mecanique generalisee comme celle des milieux dits de Cosserat semble etre une ouverture si l'on veut decrire ce type de structures renforcantes percolantes dans le cadre d'une mecanique des milieux continus. Des premieres identifications de notre materiau comme materiau de Cosserat sont proposees.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Exocyclic Allylsilanes by Intramolecular Reductive Heck Cyclisation of Propargylsilanes (1994)

Abstract The stereoselective palladium‐catalysed synthesis of the heterocycles 13‐15 with a ( Z )‐exocyclic allylsilane moiety is described. Alkylation of the secondary amides 5a, 5b, 9a , and 9b and the phenol 11 containing an iodoaryl moiety with the propargyl iodide 6 leads to the propargylsilanes 7a, 7b, 10a, 10b , and 12 , which are allowed to react with a catalyst system of Pd(OAc) 2 /PPh 3 /NPr 4 Br and sodium formate as a hydride source. The (Z) configuration of the cyclisation products is confirmed by NOESY spectra and a single‐crystal X‐ray structure of 13b .
Variations in the properties of rabbit antibodies during prolonged immunization by various routes with serum albumin in Freund's complete adjuvant. (1970)

Alterations in the functional properties of antibodies formed during prolonged immunization with bovine serum albumin and Freund's complete adjuvant were indicated by the synthesis of non-precipitating antibody and by the increased avidity of the antibody formed during the course of immunization. Prolonged antigenic stimulation often resulted in decrease in both the level and precipitating efficiency of antibody. The route of immunization did not affect the quality (i.e. avidity, precipitating efficiency) of the antibody produced but did affect the quantity of antibody formed, as indicated by assay of antigen binding or precipitation. Passive haemagglutination tests failed to disclose significant differences in the response of individual rabbits. Although repeated, multiple subcutaneous injections or several, single subcutaneous injections in the intranuchal area resulted in somewhat less antibody than footpad immunization, the greater ease of injection and the less severe granuloma formation indicated that the latter routes were preferable.
Readmission Following Surgical Resection for Intractable Epilepsy: Nationwide Rates, Causes, Predictors, and Outcomes (2018)

Following epilepsy surgery, most readmissions that occurred within 30 d can be attributed to management of persistent epilepsy and predicted by Medicare payer status, depression, and complications. These data can assist the clinician in preventing readmissions and assist policy makers determine which admissions are potentially avoidable.
Strong photoinduced infrared absorption in GaP (1983)

Photoinduced infrared absorption spectra, excited by an Argon laser, have been measured from 2.5 to 15 μm in high-quality bulk GaP at liquid helium and room temperatures. The broad spectra, together with photoluminescence and photoconductivity data, show how transitions from donor and acceptor levels to the adjacent bands by trapped nonequilibrium electrons and holes dominate the induced absorption at low temperature in the unintentionally doped material.
Combining motion planning and task assignment for a dual-arm system (2016)

This paper deals with the problem of combining motion and task assignment for a dual-arm robotic system. Each arm of the system performs independent tasks in a cluttered environment. Robot actions are determined to remove potential obstacles and obtain collision-free paths to grasp the target objects. The approach uses the information provided by the motion planner to build a graph structure in order to represent the obstacles to be removed. The graph is used, first, to decide which is the next motion path to be computed, and, second, to assign the tasks to each arm of the robotic system. The approach has been implemented for a dual-arm robotic system and real experiments are presented in the paper.
Fluorescence spectroscopy of the cervix: Influence of acetic acid, cervical mucus, and vaginal medications (1999)

Background and Objective Fluorescence spectroscopy has been shown to provide information useful in the detection of cervical dysplasia. The goal of this study was to determine if substances found on the cervix such as acetic acid, mucus, and vaginal medications can influence the fluorescence in the spectral region useful for discriminating normal cervical tissue from abnormal tissue. Study Design/Materials and Methods Fluorescence spectra were collected at 337 nm excitation from the cervix in vivo both before and after application of acetic acid; the data were analyzed to identify the effects of the acetic acid on the spectra. Cervical mucus was acquired from patients referred for colposcopy and frozen until measurements were taken. Fluorescence excitation-emission matrices (EEMs) were measured for the mucus samples. Additionally, the transmission spectra of mucus were measured to determine if its absorption could influence the fluorescence signal measured from the tissue. EEMs were measured for samples of commonly prescribed vaginal medications. All EEMs were compared to those of cervical biopsies. Results Acetic acid introduces changes in both the lineshape and intensity of the spectra. On average, the changes are more significant in spectra of abnormal tissue. Cervical mucus was found to have no significant absorption bands, but the measured fluorescence was approximately the same order of magnitude as that measured from the cervix in vitro. Most medications exhibited significant fluorescence in the spectral region of diagnostic interest for the cervix. Conclusions Acetic acid appears to increase the differences in fluorescence emission spectra of normal and pre-cancerous cervical tissues; thus, its use is beneficial. The presence of cervical mucus can possibly interfere with the collection of fluorescence spectra for tissue classification. Patients should not use vaginal preparations during the 48 hours prior to tissue fluorescence measurements. Lasers Surg. Med. 25:237–249, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Discrete Ginzburg-Landau solitons (2003)

We demonstrate that discrete solitons are possible in Ginzburg-Landau lattices. As a result of discreteness, we find that this system exhibits a host of features that have no counterpart whatsoever in either the continuous limit or in other conservative discrete models.
A new series of V IV based metal-organic frameworks having framework flexibility and high CO2 adsorption capacity (2012)

A new series of V IV based metal-organic frameworks having framework flexibility and high CO 2 adsorption capacity Ying-Ya Liu aFlexible metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) form an interesting category of porous materials.The unique structural flexibility, so called breathing effect, is the key factor in the selective uptake of target gas molecules.Such structural transformation behavior may be applied in several domains such as gas separation, sensors, molecular recognition and drug delivery.The objective of this work was to synthesize new flexible MOFs and study the structural transformations upon gas, vapor and solvent sorption.
The natural history of chronic airflow obstruction. (1977)

A prospective epidemiological study of the early stages of the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was performed on London working men. The findings showed that forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) falls gradually over a lifetime, but in most non-smokers and many smokers clinically significant airflow obstruction never develops. In susceptible people, however, smoking causes irreversible obstructive changes. If a susceptible smoker stops smoking he will not recover his lung function, but the average further rates of loss of FEV1 will revert to normal. Therefore, severe or fatal obstructive lung disease could be prevented by screening smokers' lung function in early middle age if those with reduced function could be induced to stop smoking. Infective processes and chronic mucus hypersecretion do not cause chronic airflow obstruction to progress more rapidly. There are thus two largely unrelated disease processes, chronic airflow obstruction and the hypersecretory disorder (including infective processes).
Adaptive horizon model predictive control based sensor management for multi-target tracking (2006)

The flexibility of modern multi-sensor data fusion systems can only be exploited through on-line sensor management. This paper discusses a sensor management architecture based on model predictive control theory which optimises the configuration of sensors tasked with tracking dynamic targets using predictions of future target states. Methods for defining the optimisation horizon are discussed and the relationship between the accuracy of the predictions and the quality of the resulting utility estimates is discussed. A novel adaptive horizon approach, which exploits knowledge of the current target state estimate uncertainty, target dynamics, target noise properties and filter performance is proposed. This increases estimation performance in scenarios with high levels of uncertainty
IPLEX and the Telephone Game: The difficulty in separating myth from reality on the internet (2009)

Many of us remember ‘the telephone game’. In this, a short story is started and then whispered to a second person, who then whispers it to a third and so on down the line. The fun comes in hearing ...
Effect of Diet and Population Density on Male Turkeys Under Various Environmental Conditions. (1991)

The performance of 1,312 male market turkeys (Large White, Nicholas strain) from 0 to 20 wk of age fed diets varying in feed form and energy level was measured under two stocking densities (.21 or .46 m2 per bird) and four lighting and temperature programs. The four diets were 1) corn and soybean meal with 1% supplemental fat, mash (CSM); 2) as 1, pelleted (CSP); 3) as Diet 1 but with 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8% supplemental fat during 0 to 4, 4 to 8, 8 to 12, 12 to 16, and 16 to 20 wk of age, respectively (CSF); and 4) as Diet 1 but with barely included at 0, 20, 35, 50, and 65% during the respective 4-wk age periods (CSB). The four light and temperature programs were 1) Environment A with intermittent light [4 [2 h light (L):4 h dark (D)]] in combination with cycling temperature at 7 and 21 C during light and dark photoperiod, respectively; Environment B with intermittent light, 21 C; Environment C with continuous light (18L:6D) and cycling temperature of 7 to 21 C; and Environment D with intermittent light, 7 C. Lighting and temperature programs started at 1 and 4 wk of age, respectively. Body weights at 20 wk of age decreased (P less than .05) with increasing temperature (13.86 versus 12.26 kg for Environments D and B, respectively) with cycling temperature intermediate (13.51 kg for Environment A). Intermittent light (P less than .05) improved BW and feed conversion by 3.4 and 2.0%, respectively, compared with continuous light. Rearing males at .21 m2 per bird versus .46 m2 per bird decreased weight (P less than .05) by 5.5%. Twenty-week BW of males fed the CSP (13.52 kg) and CSF (13.58 kg) diets were greater (P less than .05) than those fed CSM (12.90 kg) and CSB (12.69 kg) diets. Significant (P less than .05) interactions between diet, environment, and density were not detected for most performance characteristics. Environmental measurements indicated higher dust and ammonia levels in the warm environment (B). Isolates of aspergillus and incidence of airsacculitis at time of processing were greatest in Environment B.
A modified sequence capture approach allowing standard and methylation analyses of the same enriched genomic DNA sample (2017)

Abstract Background Bread wheat has a large complex genome that makes whole genome resequencing costly. Therefore, genome complexity reduction techniques such as sequence capture make re-sequencing cost effective. With a high-quality draft wheat genome now available it is possible to design capture probe sets and to use them to accurately genotype and anchor SNPs to the genome. Furthermore, in addition to genetic variation, epigenetic variation provides a source of natural variation contributing to changes in gene expression and phenotype that can be profiled at the base pair level using sequence capture coupled with bisulphite treatment. Here, we present a new 12 Mbp wheat capture probe set, that allows both the profiling of genotype and methylation from the same DNA sample. Furthermore, we present a method, based on Agilent SureSelect Methyl-Seq, that will use a single capture assay as a starting point to allow both DNA sequencing and methyl-seq. Results Our method uses a single capture assay that is sequentially split and used for both DNA sequencing and methyl-seq. The resultant genotype and epi-type data is highly comparable in terms of coverage and SNP/methylation site identification to that generated from separate captures for DNA sequencing and methyl-seq. Furthermore, by defining SNP frequencies in a diverse landrace from the Watkins collection we highlight the importance of having genotype data to prevent false positive methylation calls. Finally, we present the design of a new 12 Mbp wheat capture and demonstrate its successful application to re-sequence wheat. Conclusion We present a cost-effective method for performing both DNA sequencing and methyl-seq from a single capture reaction thus reducing reagent costs, sample preparation time and DNA requirements for these complementary analyses.
Sleep-wake disturbances 6 months after traumatic brain injury: a prospective study (2007)

Sleep-wake disturbances (SWD) are common after traumatic brain injury (TBI). In acute TBI, we recently found decreased CSF levels of hypocretin-1, a wake-promoting neurotransmitter. In the present study, we aimed to delineate the frequency and clinical characteristics of post-traumatic SWD, to assess CSF hypocretin-1 levels 6 months after TBI, and to identify risk factors for posttraumatic SWD. A total of 96 consecutive patients were enrolled within the first 4 days after TBI. Six months later, out of 76 TBI patients, who did not die and who did not move to foreign countries, we included 65 patients (86%, 53 males, mean age 39 years) in our study. Patients were examined using interviews, questionnaires, clinical examinations, computed tomography of the brain, laboratory tests (including CSF hypocretin-1 levels, and HLA typing), conventional polysomnography, maintenance of wakefulness and multiple sleep latency tests (MSLT) and actigraphy. Potential causes of post-traumatic SWD were assessed according to international criteria. New-onset sleep-wake disturbances following TBI were found in 47 patients (72%): subjective excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS; defined by the Epworth Sleepiness Scale > or = 10) was found in 18 (28%), objective EDS (as defined by mean sleep latency < 5 min on MSLT) in 16 (25%), fatigue (daytime tiredness without signs of subjective or objective EDS) in 11 (17%), post-traumatic hypersomnia 'sensu strictu' (increased sleep need of > or = 2 h per 24 h compared to pre-TBI) in 14 (22%) patients and insomnia in 3 patients (5%). In 28 patients (43% of the study population), we could not identify a specific cause of the post-traumatic SWD other than TBI. Low CSF hypocretin-1 levels were found in 4 of 21 patients 6 months after TBI, as compared to 25 of 27 patients in the first days after TBI. Hypocretin levels 6 months after TBI were significantly lower in patients with post-traumatic EDS. There were no associations between post-traumatic SWD and severity or localization of TBI, general clinical outcome, gender, pathological neurological findings and HLA typing. However, post-traumatic SWD correlated with impaired quality of life. These results suggest that sleep-wake disturbances, particularly EDS, fatigue and hypersomnia are common after TBI, and significantly impair quality of life. In almost one out of two patients, post-traumatic SWD appear to be directly related to the TBI. An involvement of the hypocretin system in the pathophysiology of post-traumatic SWD appears possible. Other risk factors predisposing towards the development of post-traumatic SWD were not identified.
Effects of changes in arterial pressure on organ perfusion during septic shock (2011)

In this series of patients with septic shock, increasing MAP above 65 mmHg with NE was associated with increased cardiac output, improved microvascular function, and decreased blood lactate concentrations. The microvascular response varied among patients suggesting that individualization of blood pressure targets may be warranted.
Detection of genes in Escherichia coli sequences determined by genome projects and prediction of protein production levels, based on multivariate diversity in codon usage (1996)

We used principal component analysis to develop measures (called Z-parameters in this study) which reflect the diversity of codon usage in Escherichia coli genes. Protein production levels for 1500 CDSs (protein-coding sequences) identified by E.coli genome projects in Japan and the US were estimated from a correlation equation between Z1 and cellular protein content obtained through analysis of the genes experimentally characterized. Through the profile analysis of Z1 for E.coli sequences obtained by the Japanese Project, we predicted an additional 36 CDSs that had not been annotated in the International DNA Database. Thirty-one out of the 36 CDSs could be assigned to presumptive protein genes through a BLASTX search for recent protein databases in the Genome Net in Japan. Detailed examination of the Z1-parameter profile led us to assess sequencing errors which cause frame-shift.
A New Family of DNA Viruses Causing Disease in Crustaceans from Diverse Aquatic Biomes (2020)

Panulirus argus virus 1 (PaV1) is the only known virus infecting the Caribbean spiny lobster (<i>Panulirus argus</i>) from the Caribbean Sea. Recently, related viruses, Dikerogammarus haemobaphes virus 1 (DhV1) and Carcinus maenas virus 1 (CmV1), have been detected in the demon shrimp (<i>Dikerogammarus haemobaphes</i>) and the European shore crab (<i>Carcinus maenas</i>), respectively, from sites in the United Kingdom. The virion morphology of these crustacean viruses is similar to that of iridoviruses. However, unlike iridoviruses and other nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses (NCLDVs), these viruses complete their morphogenesis in the host cell nucleus rather than in the cytoplasm. To date, these crustacean viruses have remained unclassified due to a lack of genomic data. Using an Illumina MiSeq sequencer, we sequenced the complete genomes of PaV1, CmV1, and DhV1. Comparative genome analysis shows that these crustacean virus genomes encode the 10 hallmark proteins previously described for the NCLDVs of eukaryotes, strongly suggesting that they are members of this group. With a size range of 70 to 74 kb, these are the smallest NCLDV genomes identified to date. Extensive gene loss, divergence of gene sequences, and the accumulation of low-complexity sequences reflect the extreme degradation of the genomes of these "minimal" NCLDVs rather than any direct relationship with the NCLDV ancestor. Phylogenomic analysis supports the classification of these crustacean viruses as a distinct family, "Mininucleoviridae," within the pitho-irido-Marseille branch of the NCLDVs.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Recent genomic and metagenomic studies have led to a dramatic expansion of the known diversity of nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses (NCLDVs) of eukaryotes, which include giant viruses of protists and important pathogens of vertebrates, such as poxviruses. However, the characterization of viruses from nonmodel hosts still lags behind. We sequenced the complete genomes of three viruses infecting crustaceans, the Caribbean spiny lobster, demon shrimp, and European shore crab. These viruses have the smallest genomes among the known NCLDVs, with losses of many core genes, some of which are shared with iridoviruses. The deterioration of the transcription apparatus is compatible with microscopic and ultrastructural observations indicating that these viruses replicate in the nucleus of infected cells rather than in the cytoplasm. Phylogenomic analysis indicates that these viruses are sufficiently distinct from all other NCLDVs to justify the creation of a separate family, for which we propose the name "Mininucleoviridae" (i.e., small viruses reproducing in the cell nucleus).
Proteomic Characterization of Breast Cancer Xenografts Identifies Early and Late Bevacizumab-Induced Responses and Predicts Effective Drug Combinations (2013)

Treatment with bevacizumab caused compensatory upregulation of several signaling pathways. Targeting such pathways increased the efficacy of antiangiogenic therapy.