gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Between Three Worlds (2011)

This study investigated various roles played by host, homeland, and global media in the lives of immigrant families from the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS, former USSR) to Israel and Germany, as well as the place of different media in family conflicts, consolidation, and parenting strategies. The study was based on focus group interviews with 60 families of Russian-speaking immigrants in Israel and Germany and 73 semistructured, in-depth interviews with immigrant youngsters. The findings of this study demonstrate that the mass media fulfill diverse roles for immigrant families, assisting them face two main relocation challenges: integration “inward” (i.e., cultural transmission and family consolidation) and “outward” integration into their new surroundings.
Infant growth restriction is associated with distinct patterns of DNA methylation in human placentas (2011)

The placenta acts not only as a conduit of nutrient and waste exchange between mother and developing fetus, but also functions as a regulator of the intrauterine environment. Recent work has identified changes in the expression of candidate genes, often through epigenetic alteration, which alter the placenta's function and impact fetal growth. In this study, we used the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation27 BeadChip array to examine genome-wide DNA methylation patterns in 206 term human placentas. Semi-supervised recursively partitioned mixture modeling was implemented to identify specific patterns of placental DNA methylation that could differentially classify intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and small for gestational age (SGA) placentas from appropriate for gestational age (AGA) placentas, and these associations were validated in a masked testing series of samples. Our work demonstrates that patterns of DNA methylation in human placenta are reliably and significantly associated with infant growth and serve as a proof of principle that methylation status in the human term placenta can function as a marker for the intrauterine environment, and could potentially play a critical functional role in fetal development.
Computational Framework to Predict Failure and Performance of Bone-Inspired Materials (2017)

Bone and its substructures have recently been a source of inspiration for the design of novel composites, offering optimal strength-toughness and stiffness-density combinations, traits endowed by the abundance of complex biointerfaces. Bone-inspired design combined with engineering principles may offer a path toward reaching an optimal strength-toughness balance in new materials. On the one hand, with the advent of micro- and nanoreinforcements and novel manufacturing techniques, new possibilities for advanced materials have opened. On the other hand, the endeavor for novel materials with radically improved properties is spurring the research toward accurate and versatile numerical models to be used in the design phase. In this work, we present a 2D lattice spring model to predict the performance of previously tested 3D-printed bone-inspired composites, and their failure modes. The model has the capacity to correctly estimate the material performance and to reproduce the bonelike toughening mechanisms, occurring at different length scales in our composites. The numerical results show how the material properties, the interfaces, the reinforcement geometry, and the topological pattern affect the stress distribution and the propagation of defects, significantly decreasing the flaw sensitivity of the material. Our framework could be used for the design of new materials with improved fracture resistance and balance with stiffness and strength.
Participatory Design and Evaluation of a Real-World Virtual Environment for Architecture and Urban Planning (2006)

In this report we present a participatory design approach to the development of a VE, with an iterative, user-informed process throughout the entire design and development cycle. A preliminary survey was first undertaken with end-users, i.e., architects, chief engineers and decision makers of a real-world urban planning project, followed by a study of the traditional workflow employed. We then determined the elements required to make the VE useful in the real-world setting, choosing appropriate elements (image-based textures for facades, realistic vegetation, shadows, 3D sound and crowds) to develop a rich and audiovisually realistic VE. Our participatory design approach guided the development of an appropriate interface and an evaluation methodology to test the overall usability of the system. The VE was evaluated both in the laboratory and in the users' natural work environments. The results suggest that participatory design can help ensure that the VE will meet the practical needs of its end-users; that appropriately chosen multiple views of the scene are useful in urban planning, and that the realism enhancements introduced increase the effectiveness of VEs for the chosen context.
Maximum Values in Queueing Processes (1995)

Motivated by extreme-value engineering in service systems, we develop and evaluate simple approximations for the distributions of maximum values of queueing processes over large time intervals. We provide approximations for several different processes, such as the waiting times of successive customers, the remaining workload at an arbitrary time, and the queue length at an arbitrary time, in a variety of models. All our approximations are based on extreme-value limit theorems. Our first approach is to approximate the queueing process by one-dimensional reflected Brownian motion (RBM). We then apply the extremevalue limit for RBM, which we derive here. Our second approach starts from exponential asymptotics for the tail of the steady-state distribution. We obtain an approximation by relating the given process to an associated sequence of i.i.d. random variables with the same asymptotic exponential tail. We use estimates of the asymptotic variance of the queueing process to determine an approximate number of variables in this associated i.i.d. sequence. Our third approach is to simplify GI/G/1 extreme-value limiting formulas in Iglehart [25] by approximating the distribution of an idle period by the stationary-excess distribution of an interarrival time. We use simulation to evaluate the quality of these approximations for the maximum workload. From the simulations we obtain a rough estimate of the time when the extreme-value limit theorems begin to yield good approximations.
Near-diffraction-limited tunable liquid crystal lens with simplified design (2013)

A high-efficiency tunable refractive lens based on liquid crystals with concentric electrode rings and a simple unique design of a resistor network is reported, and used to assess the performance of an optimized electrically tunable lens. It has a large number of phase control points to be able to accurately control the phase profile and produce high efficiency. The lens design uses resistors between neighboring electrodes to minimize external connections. The lens optical path difference is measured as a near perfect parabolic shape and the Strehl ratio of about 80% is obtained (comparing to a high-quality glass lens). Image evaluations show a good image quality with diffraction limited resolution, but the contrast is lowered by a large-area haze. The lens design also shows a good switching speed, and adjustable power, allowing it to be used in many applications. An example lens with a diameter of 2.4 mm and a 5 diopter tunable range is used in the evaluations.
Central and haematopoietic interleukin-1 both contribute to ischaemic brain injury in mice (2013)

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a key regulator of inflammation and ischaemic brain injury, but the contribution of central and peripheral sources of IL-1 to brain injury is not well understood. Here we show that haematopoietic-derived IL-1 is a key driver of ischaemic brain injury. Wild type (WT) mice transplanted with IL-1αβ-deficient bone marrow displayed a significant (40%) reduction in brain injury induced by focal cerebral ischaemia compared with WT mice transplanted with WT bone marrow. This was paralleled by improved neurological outcome and the almost complete absence of splenic-derived, but not liver-derived, IL-1α after stroke in WT mice lacking haematopoietic-derived IL-1. IL-1αβ knockout (KO) mice transplanted with IL-1αβ-deficient bone marrow showed a 60% reduction in brain injury compared with WT mice receiving WT bone marrow. Transplantation of WT bone marrow in IL-1αβ KO mice resulted in a similar level of blood-brain-barrier injury to that observed in WT mice receiving IL-1αβ-deficient bone marrow. Cerebral oedema after brain injury was reduced in IL-1αβ KO recipients irrespective of donor-derived IL-1, but a lack of haematopoetic IL-1 has also been associated with smaller brain oedema independently of recipient status. Thus, both central and haematopoietic-derived IL-1 are important contributors to brain injury after cerebral ischaemia. Identification of the cellular sources of IL-1 in the periphery could allow targeted interventions at these sites.
Importance of Parametric Mapping and Deconvolution in Analyzing Magnetic Resonance Myocardial Perfusion Images (2006)

: Interobserver agreement was 57% and 81% and accuracy 53% and 81%, for visual and for parametric map analysis, respectively. For deconvolution parameters, a linear relationship y = 371 + 1.27x, r = 0.78 was obtained between rMBF calculated by ARMA and the radioactive microsphere blood flow. Moreover, the fast and robust parametric mapping of rMBF by the discrete ARMA method allows MR evaluation of myocardial perfusion independently of hemodynamic conditions.
Association of ataxin-7 with the proteasome subunit S4 of the 19S regulatory complex (2001)

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 7 (SCA7) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by ataxia and selective neuronal cell loss caused by the expansion of a translated CAG repeat encoding a polyglutamine tract in ataxin-7, the SCA7 gene product. To gain insight into ataxin-7 function and to decipher the molecular mechanisms of neurodegeneration in SCA7, a two-hybrid assay was performed to identify ataxin-7 interacting proteins. Herein, we show that ataxin-7 interacts with the ATPase subunit S4 of the proteasomal 19S regulatory complex. The ataxin-7/S4 association is modulated by the length of the polyglutamine tract whereby S4 shows a stronger association with the wild-type allele of ataxin-7. We demonstrate that endogenous ataxin-7 localizes to discrete nuclear foci that also contain additional components of the proteasomal complex. Immunohistochemical analyses suggest alterations either of the distribution or the levels of S4 immunoreactivity in neurons that degenerate in SCA7 brains. Immunoblot analyses demonstrate reduced levels of S4 in SCA7 cerebella without evident alterations in the levels of other proteasome subunits. These results suggest a role for S4 and ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal proteolysis in the molecular pathogenesis of SCA7.
Coronary Artery Imaging with Multidetector CT: Visualization Issues (2003)

Noninvasive imaging of the coronary arteries has attracted growing interest in the past few years. One of the possible acquisition techniques is multidetector computed tomography (CT) that produces large three-dimensional (3D) data sets that require visualization techniques for data evaluation. The objective of this article is to increase knowledge of possible 3D visualization techniques together with their advantages and disadvantages for the routine evaluation of cardiac data sets. Common imaging techniques available to the radiologist at standard workstations are multiplanar reformation (MPR), oblique MPR, curved MPR, maximum-intensity projection (MIP), shaded-surface display, and direct volume rendering. Each of these techniques has its advantages and disadvantages for the visualization of the coronary artery tree. Several additions to the basic techniques have been developed to overcome some of their shortcomings. Different clinical examinations, such as stent evaluation, stenosis evaluation, and bypass evaluation, require different visualization techniques. The choice of preferred technique for each clinical study depends on the advantages and disadvantages of the various techniques as described in the literature. Because of the large number of possible settings and projection angles, it is important for users to interactively manipulate the images and review the whole vessel volume rather than just looking at static reformatted images. Errors such as findings of false stenoses can be avoided by means of accurate and appropriate use of software features. This requires training of users both with regard to the capabilities of the software and the background of the different techniques and their possible pitfalls. The authors believe that volume rendering of the whole heart is useful for anatomic evaluation of the coronary arteries. For more detailed observation of specific lesions, slab imaging with volume rendering or MIP is required.
Effect of bariatric surgery on plasma GDF15 in humans (2019)

Bariatric surgery results in marked body weight loss and improves type 2 diabetes in most patients with obesity. The growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) has recently emerged as a novel satiety factor. To begin to understand whether GDF15 is involved in mediating the effects of bariatric surgery on body weight and glycemia in humans, we measured plasma GDF15 in patients with obesity ( n = 25) and in patients with obesity and diabetes ( n = 22) before and after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery. GDF15 was increased 1 wk after RYGB compared with before surgery (689 ± 45 vs. 487 ± 28 pg/ml, P < 0.001) and GDF15 remained elevated at 3 mo (554 ± 37 pg/ml, P < 0.05), at 1 yr (566 ± 37 pg/ml, P < 0.05), and at 2.5-4 yr (630 ± 50 pg/ml, P < 0.001) after RYGB surgery. Both age and insulin sensitivity correlated with GDF15 before the surgery ( r = 0.46, P < 0.0001 and r = 0.34, P < 0.001, respectively). These correlations disappeared at 2.5-4 yr following the surgery. Conversely, weight loss magnitude correlated with GDF15, measured 2.5-4 yr postsurgery ( r = 0.21, P < 0.0055). In summary, circulating GDF15 increases and correlates with body weight loss following RYGB surgery.
The Effects of Gender Role Orientation on Team Schema: A Multivariate Analysis of Indicators in a U.S. Federal Health Care Organization (2001)

In this empirical study of 649 employees at a federally supported health care facility in the United States, the authors investigated the effects of individual gender role orientation on team schema. The results indicated (a) that nontraditional male and female employees perceived the greatest amount of group cohesion in their team schemas and (b) that both traditional and nontraditional male employees perceived greater problem-solving potential in their team schemas. Meaningful implications for team composition are discussed.
Decreased expression of EZH2 is associated with ESR1 upregulation and response to anti-estrogens. (2009)

Abstract Abstract #6127 Background: In prostate and breast cancer high levels of Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2) are associated with tumor progression. EZH2, a histone H3 methyl transferase, is part of the polycomb complex. Together with histone deacetylases (HDACs) EZH2 regulates “genome wide” gene transcription silencing. The aims of this study are a) to correlate EZH2 expression with endocrine therapy response in patients with recurrent disease treated with first-line tamoxifen monotherapy and b) to determine the role of EZH2 in endocrine therapy response using in vitro cell line models.&amp;#x2028; Material and Methods: EZH2 mRNA levels were measured with quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) in 297 retrospectively collected hormone receptor positive (HR+) primary breast tumor specimens of patients with recurrent disease who did respond (N=110) or were resistant (N=187) to first-line tamoxifen monotherapy. In vitro, EZH2 and estrogen receptor (ESR1) expression was downregulated with siRNAs in the human breast cancer cell line MCF7 and assessed for their sensitivity to the selective estrogen receptor degrader ICI164.384 after 96hrs treatment (N=3). To establish therapy response in vitro, cell number counts were determined. All p-values are two-sided and significant if P&amp;lt;0.05.&amp;#x2028; Results: In 297 HR+ breast tumors, EZH2 as continuous variable, associated significantly with poor response (OR= 0.67 [0.49-0.91]; P=0.001) and a shorter progression-free survival (PFS) (HR=1.28 [1.11-1.47], P&amp;lt;0.001). In the multivariate model with traditional predictive factors, the tertile with highest EZH2 levels was independently related with response (OR= 0.50 [0.26-0.98]; P=0.045) and PFS (HR=1.82 [1.33-2.49], P&amp;lt;0.001).&amp;#x2028; In vitro, EZH2 downregulation in MCF7 with siRNAs showed a significant decrease in cell number compared to the mock silenced cell line (40%). Moreover, ICI treatment of EZH2 silenced MCF7 cells resulted in a 70% cell number decrease versus 23% decrease in the controls (P&amp;lt;0.001). In addition, EZH2 downregulation is associated with a twofold upregulation with ESR1 (P&amp;lt;0.001). Conversely, silencing of ESR1 in MCF7 resulted did not alter EZH2 levels but, as expected, increases HER2 protein levels.&amp;#x2028; Conclusion: In primary breast tumors, high EZH2 mRNA levels are associated with poor outcomes after tamoxifen therapy. These results suggest that EZH2 may identify patients at risk for tamoxifen therapy failure. In vitro studies show that downregulation of EZH2 inhibits cell proliferation and on the other hand results in upregulation of ESR1 levels. The latter may explain the increased sensitivity to ICI164.384 of EZH2 silenced cells. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 6127.
Interleukin-33 as a Potential Therapeutic Target for Interstitial Cystitis: New Perspectives on Mast Cell Regulation (2015)

There are many problems still unresolved by modern medicine. In the field of voiding disorders, interstitial cystitis (IC) remains a representative disease yet to be conquered. The exact pathophysiologic mechanism of IC is not understood. Although several hypotheses have been proposed, including leaky epithelium, mast cell activation, and neurogenic inflammation, no theory has been clearly established yet [1]. IC may have multiple causes and may represent a final common reaction of the bladder to multifactorial etiology. Most researchers believe that the mast cell plays a key role in the common pathophysiology of IC.

Despite many efforts to clarify the etiology of IC, our knowledge is insufficient for useful insights into effective treatments [2]. The current therapeutic goal is the improvement of quality of life, and not curative treatment. It is believed that histamine, which is secreted from mast cells, causes specific symptoms of IC such as pain, hyperemia, and fibrosis. Therefore, antihistamine treatment to adjust mast cell activation is considered a scientifically robust and rational therapy for IC. However, results using antihistamines in clinical practice were disappointing. Sufficient evidence does not exist to conclusively state that antihistamines effectively regulate the activation of mast cells in the bladder [3].

In this issue of the International Neurourology Journal, we have published an article reviewing new perspectives on mast cell regulation [4]. It was confirmed in other organs that interleukin (IL) 33 can modulate allergic inflammation. IL-33 is closely related to mast cell activation, which is considered the core of IC pathogenesis. Therefore, it may be possible to regulate mast cell activation by inhibiting IL-33. Promising results have been reported in a number of studies. However, because the reaction of the anti–IL-33 could vary in different organs, we have many challenges to overcome before systemic administration of anti–IL-33 as a therapeutic agent can be implemented. Nevertheless, this is valuable work as it presents a potential therapeutic target for an incurable disease yet unconquered by modern medicine.

The most important message of this review for urologists is included in the last sentence of conclusion: “co-operative research among allergologists and urologists could yield more meaningful conclusions about the pathophysiologic mechanism and treatment strategies for interstitial cystitis” [4].
How to kickstart a national biobanking infrastructure – experiences and prospects of BBMRI-NL (2012)

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Sparse Information Extraction: Unsupervised Language Models to the Rescue (2007)

Even in a massive corpus such as the Web, a substantial fraction of extractions appear infrequently.This paper shows how to assess the correctness of sparse extractions by utilizing unsupervised language models.The REALM system, which combines HMMbased and n-gram-based language models, ranks candidate extractions by the likelihood that they are correct.Our experiments show that REALM reduces extraction error by 39%, on average, when compared with previous work.Because REALM pre-computes language models based on its corpus and does not require any hand-tagged seeds, it is far more scalable than approaches that learn models for each individual relation from handtagged data.Thus, REALM is ideally suited for open information extraction where the relations of interest are not specified in advance and their number is potentially vast.
A Study on Flicker Evaluation Considering Power Quality Disturbance of Power System (2007)

This paper studies flicker evaluation considering power quality disturbance. A flicker problem with light device irritates human's eyes. Also, the flicker problem has an influence on adverse effect such as rolling device and rotating device. However, a study of flicker evaluation is not complete. A flicker is measured and evaluated at monitoring point. We consider power quality disturbances such as voltage sag and transient that cause fault and inverter/breaker switching. Power quality disturbances affect flicker evaluation. In other words, a flicker evaluation index increases. Therefore, we consider power quality disturbances. We detect voltage sag and transient using wavelet and evaluate flicker without flicker index including power quality disturbances.
Analysis of physiological signals for recognition of boredom, pain, and surprise emotions (2015)

This study demonstrates the differences of boredom, pain, and surprise and the best emotion recognizer for the classification of the three emotions by using physiological signals.