gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Usefulness of ultrasound contrast media for cardiac output measurement with echocardiography (2015)

Abstract : The purpose of this study was to determine if contrast media would enhance visualization of the endocardiumfor assessment of left ventricle (LV) function. In addition, differences between pre- and post-contrast evaluation forthe cardiac output measurements including the modified Simpson’s method and automated contour tracking (ACT)method were examined. Ten clinically healthy adult beagle dogs (three males and seven females) between 2~3 yearsold and weighing 6.6~10.8 kg were used. Echocardiographic examinations were performed to compare pre- and post-contrast LV endocardium visualization using a segmental scoring method. Two different methods for measuring cardiacoutput were also compared. LV visualization was significantly enhanced in post-contrast echocardiography (p < 0.01).Significant differences between pre- and post-contrast measurements for the modified Simpson’s method (p < 0.05)were also observed. No significant difference was found for the ACT method. Contrast echocardiography provides betterLV chamber opacification and significantly improves wall segment visualization. Furthermore, contrast echocardiographyfor measuring cardiac output is helpful for the modified Simpson’s method.Keywords : cardiac output, contrast echocardiography, dog, segmental scoring,
Discovery of the novel HLA‐DRB1*09:01:08 allele in a Taiwanese volunteer bone marrow donor and identification of the probable HLA‐A, HLA‐B and HLA‐DRB1 haplotype in association with DRB1*09:01:08 (2012)

We report here the novel variant of HLA-DRB1*09:01, DRB1*09:01:08, discovered in a Taiwanese volunteer bone marrow donor by a sequence-based typing (SBT) method. The DNA sequence of DRB1*09:01:08 is identical to the sequence of DRB1*09:01:02 in exon 2 except a silent mutation at nucleotide position 261(C→T) (GCC→GCT at codon 58). We hypothesize DRB1*09:01:08 was probably derived from DRB1*09:01:02 via a nucleotide point mutation event. The plausible HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-DRB1 haplotype in association with DRB1*09:01:08 was deduced as A*02:07-B*46:01-DRB1*09:01:08.
Mining Redundant Industrial Alarm Occurrences with Association Rules Extraction and Complex Networks Modeling. (2010)

Alarm management is a research area that is growing rapidly on industrial automation. One of the major difficulties in alarm rationalization, in which the volume of generated alarms is reduced to an appropriate number so that a human being can handle them, is to identify patterns that might indicate unnecessary alarms in the middle of files and databases containing tens of thousands of daily records. This work presents a new approach to analyze alarm occurrences, combining several techniques, such as: sequence mining, association rules extraction with MNR (Minimum Non Redundant Association Rules), cross-correlation analysis, and complex network modeling for visualization. The combination of different techniques creates a more comprehensive alternative to the detection process. The solution's performance, in terms of accuracy, shows improvements over the current approaches, resulting in a more reliable and predictable alternative for identification of meaningful patterns.
Isolation and characterization of an N-methylcarbamate insecticide-degrading methylotrophic bacterium (1993)

A gram-negative bacterium which hydrolyzed aryl N-methylcarbamate insecticides was isolated from an agricultural soil which quickly degraded these pesticides. This organism, designated strain ER2, grew on carbofuran as a sole source of carbon and nitrogen with a doubling time of 3 h in a mineral salts medium. The aromatic nucleus of the molecule was not metabolized, and carbofuran 7-phenol accumulated as the end product of metabolism. The insecticides carbaryl, bendiocarb, and propoxur were similarly hydrolyzed, with each yielding the corresponding phenol. Strain ER2 contained two plasmids (120 and 130 kb). A probe cloned from the pDL11 plasmid of Achromobacter sp. strain WM111, which encodes the carbofuran hydrolase (mcd) gene (P. H. Tomasek and J. S. Karns, J. Bacteriol. 171:4038-4044, 1989), hybridized to the 120-kb plasmid. Restriction fragment profiles of pDL11 and strain ER2 plasmid DNAs suggested that the 120-kb plasmid of strain ER2 is very similar to pDL11. On the basis of the results of biochemical tests, 16S rRNA sequence analysis, and membrane lipid analyses, strain ER2 was found to be a phylogenetically unique type II methylotroph. The constitutive carbofuran hydrolase activity in glucose-grown cells increased sevenfold when strain ER2 was grown in the presence of 100 mg of carbofuran per liter as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen or as the sole nitrogen source in the presence of glucose. Growth on carbofuran resulted in the induction of enzymes required for methylamine-dependent respiration and the serine pathway of formaldehyde assimilation. These results indicate that the carbofuran hydrolase mcd gene is conserved on a plasmid found in organisms from different geographic areas and that the specific activity of carbofuran degradation may increase in response to carbofuran treatment.
On the design of multifunctional microwave (sub)systems for signal and noise performance (1995)

Abstract The conventional approach to microwave system design based on the separate optimization of individual nonlinear functional blocks may result in a strongly suboptimal electrical and noise performance of the assembled system. This is due to nonlinear interactions among the interconnected subsystems, which are unpredictable by conventional means. The state equations of the individual building blocks change after the connection, and this may strongly modify the system electrical and noise performance with respect to the predictions. In order to meet the design goals it may thus be necessary to carry out a simultaneous numerical optimization of the entire assembly for electrical and noise performance, which is currently made possible by state‐of‐the‐art harmonic‐balance‐based numerical techniques. The optimized system performance may exceed the predictions based on the interconnection of noninteracting individually optimized subsystems, thanks to a better exploitation of the available degrees of freedom. © 1995 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Seabed AUV offers new platform for high‐resolution imaging (2004)

A number of marine biological, geological, and archaeological applications share the need for high‐resolution optical and acoustic imaging of the sea floor [Ballard et al., 2002; Greene et al., 2000; Shank et al., 2002]. In particular,there is a compelling need to conduct studies in depths beyond those considered reasonable for divers (∼50 m) down to depths at the shelf edge and continental slope (∼1000–2000 m). Some of the constraints associated with such work include the requirement to work off of small coastal vessels or fishing boats of opportunity,and the requirement for the vehicle components to be air‐shippable to enable inexpensive deployments at far‐flung oceanographic sites of interest.
Cochlear implant for combined analog and pulsatile electrostimulation of the acoustic nerve (1992)

This paper presents a cochlear implant suitable for monopolar stimulation with eight intra-cochlear electrodes. Two independent current sources are implemented, one for stimulation with a broadband analog signal and one for pulsatile stimulation with biphasic current pulses. Possible stimulation modes include purley analog or purley pulsatile stimulation, combined analog and pulsatile stimulation, and up to a maximum pulse repetition rate of 5000 pulses/second continuously interleaved sampling (CIS) stimulation strategies. The implant contains two CMOS-ASICs, one for digital signal processing and one for the implementation of the two current sources. The stimulation current range of the analog channel is 1 μ.A 1 mA, the amplitude of the biphasic pulses can be chosen between 2 μA and 1 mA, pulse duration lies between 50 μs and 400 μs per phase.
Fragment (2016)

The evolution that has taken place in medicinal chemistry practice as a result of major advances in genomics and molecular biology arising from the Human Genome Project has carried with it an extensive additional working vocabulary that has become both integrated and essential terminology for the medicinal chemist. Some of this augmented terminology has been adopted from the many related and interlocked scientific disciplines with which the modern medicinal chemist must be conversant, but many other terms have been introduced to define new concepts and ideas as they have arisen. In this supplementary Glossary, we have attempted to collate and define many of the additional terms that are now considered to be essential components of the medicinal chemist’s expanded repertoire.
Life expectancy of adult liver allograft recipients in the UK (2006)

Overall, female recipients have a longer life expectancy and lose fewer life years than male recipients. While younger recipients have a longer life expectancy, they also lose more life years. Those transplanted for cancer, hepatitis C virus infection, and alcoholic liver disease had the greatest loss of life years.
Protective Role of Ecto-5′-Nucleotidase (CD73) in Renal Ischemia (2007)

Acute renal failure from ischemia significantly contributes to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Extracellular adenosine has been implicated as an anti-inflammatory metabolite particularly during conditions of limited oxygen availability (e.g., ischemia). Because ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73) is rate limiting for extracellular adenosine generation, this study examined the contribution of CD73-dependent adenosine production to ischemic preconditioning (IP) of the kidneys. After the initial observation that murine CD73 transcript, protein, and function are induced by renal IP, its role in IP-mediated kidney protection was studied. In fact, increases in renal adenosine concentration with IP are attenuated in cd73(-/-) mice. Moreover, pharmacologic inhibition of CD73 or its targeted gene deletion abolished renal protection by IP as measured by clearance studies, plasma electrolytes, and renal tubular destruction, and reconstitution of cd73(-/-) mice with soluble 5'-nucleotidase resulted in complete restoration of renal protection by IP. Finally, renal injury after ischemia was attenuated by intraperitoneal treatment of wild-type mice with soluble 5'-nucleotidase to a similar degree as by IP. Taken together, these data reveal what is believed to be a previously unrecognized role of CD73 in renal protection from ischemia and suggest treatment with soluble 5'-nucleotidase as a novel therapeutic approach in the treatment of renal diseases that are precipitated by limited oxygen availability.
Abstract Morphosyntax in Two- and Three-Year-Old Children: Evidence from Priming (2013)

Young English-speaking children often omit auxiliary verbs from their speech, producing utterances such as baby crying alongside the more adult-like baby is crying. Studies have found that children's proficiency with auxiliary BE is correlated with frequency statistics in the input, leading some researchers to argue that children's auxiliary knowledge is item-specific and slow to develop. In a priming experiment, we investigated whether 2- and 3-year-old children represent auxiliary is and are as part of an abstract syntactic frame. We tested whether children could be primed to increase their auxiliary production when the prime and target differed by subject, verb and auxiliary type (is or are). We found these patterns of priming, indicating children represent auxiliary BE as part of an abstract syntactic frame that minimally contains is and are, despite the frequency-based effects reported in the literature.
CLARISSE: A Middleware for Data-Staging Coordination and Control on Large-Scale HPC Platforms (2016)

On current large-scale HPC platforms the data path from compute nodes to final storage passes through several networks interconnecting a distributed hierarchy of nodes serving as compute nodes, I/O nodes, and file system servers. Although applications compete for resources at various system levels, the current system software offers no mechanisms for globally coordinating the data flow for attaining optimal resource usage and for reacting to overload or interference. In this paper we describe CLARISSE, a middleware designed to enhance data-staging coordination and control in the HPC software storage I/O stack. CLARISSE exposes the parallel data flows to a higher-level hierarchy of controllers, thereby opening up the possibility of developing novel cross-layer optimizations, based on the run-time information. To the best of our knowledge, CLARISSE is the first middleware that decouples the policy, control, and data layers of the software I/O stack in order to simplify the task of globally coordinating the data staging on large-scale HPC platforms. To demonstrate how CLARISSE can be used for performance enhancement, we present two case studies: an elastic load-aware collective I/O and a cross-application parallel I/O scheduling policy. The evaluation illustrates how coordination can bring a significant performance benefit with low overheads by adapting to load conditions and interference.
Evaluating the role of RNA binding protein CELF2 in modulating immune cells in colitis (2021)

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a diverse set of inflammatory disorders that are primarily mediated by the immune system and affect the gastrointestinal tract. IBD is characterized by activated T cells and cytokine storm. In addition, there is activation of the innate immune system with significant infiltration of neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells to the intestinal mucosa. Alternate splicing is induced by inflammation in macrophages and is important event for T cells activation. RNA binding proteins bind and form ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes and regulate mRNA stability, translation and alternate splicing. One such RNA binding protein involved in stability and alternate splicing is the CUG binding protein CELF2 or CUGBP2. CELF2 is a member of a family of proteins, termed CELF(CUG‐BP and ETR‐3‐like factors), that interacts with CUG triplet repeats. Previously we have demonstrated that CELF2 binds to AU‐rich sequences in the 3′untranslated region (3′UTR) of cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) mRNA with high affinity, and upon binding stabilizes the mRNA. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) analysis demonstrates that CELF2 expression is reduced in colon cancers in a stage specific manner. However, when we analyzed the expression of CELF2 in DSS colitis by GEO database we found increased expression of CELF2. We teased out the expression of CELF2 in the DSS colitis model by isolating the crypt epithelial and immune cell component of the colon. We used magnetic beads to isolate macrophages (F480+), neutrophils (LY6C +), dendritic cells (CD11c +), along with T cells like CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells and Tregs (CD4+, CD25+). We found that after DSS treatment the expression of CELF2 was reduced in the colon epithelial crypt cells but was significantly increased in the immune compartment. CELF2 was increased especially in macrophages and Tregs. This shows that CELF2 plays a role in inflammation by acting in the immune cell compartment. An important role of CELF2 is in alternate splicing of mRNA transcripts to give rise to various isoforms. As such we determined alternate splicing in Treg and macrophages. For this we choose FOXP3 mRNA alternate splicing. Two different alternative splicing events take place in Foxp3 transcript resulting in exclusion of exon 2 (FOXP3Δ2) and exon 7(FOXP3Δ7). FOXP3Δ2 lacks a NES in exon 2 and supports Treg cell‐mediated suppression. FOXP3 exon 7 is part of the leucine zipper domain and is required for proper Treg cell function. We found increased splicing of both exon 2 and exon 7 in the Tregs isolated after DSS colitis. Based on these results, we conclude that RNA binding protein CELF2 plays an important role for alternative splicing in immune cell response in colitis.
Information Acquisition from Audio-Video-Data Sources: An Experimental Study on Remote Diagnosis (1999)

When the remote events and activities are multidisciplinary and rapidly changing, experts linked with audio-video-data connections may encounter difficulties in comprehending remote activities, and their information usage may be biased. Special training is needed for the remote decision-maker to appreciate tasks outside his or her speciality and beyond the boundaries of traditional divisions of labor.
Efficient fiber-optic structure with applications to sensor arrays (1989)

A fiber-optic structure which performs the functions of sensing and telemetry with a minimum of components and with efficient utilization of optical power is described. This structure, referred to as a recursive lattice array, requires N+1 couplers and N fiber sensing loops to realise N sensors. It is shown that for pulsed operation, the duty cycle approaches 100% and the maximum sampling rate is 1/(N+1)T, with T denoting the transit time of a single sensing loop. In the ideal (lossless) case, the power returned to the receiver from any sensor is -10 log 2N referred to the input, compared with previously reported, nonrecursive structures for which this figure-of-merit is -20 log N. Expressions for the optimum coupler tap ratios for two different cases of interest are derived: first, for the case in which all the coupler tap ratios are equal, and second, for the case where they may assume different values. The magnitudes of decaying recirculating terms which add noise to the desired primary returns from each sensor are estimated. Methods for reducing the magnitudes of the undesired terms are outlined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Specific association of Mil/Raf proteins with a 34 kDa phosphoprotein. (1996)

Mil/Raf protein kinases are intermediates in signaling pathways leading to differentiation, mitogenesis and cellular transformation. To gain insight into the activity of Mil/Raf kinases at the molecular level we aimed to identify proteins specifically interacting with Mil/Raf proteins. A phosphoprotein of 34 kDa (pp34) was found to be associated with c-Raf as well as with viral and activated forms of Mil/Raf proteins in exponentially growing interphase cells. pp34 association was not detectable in mitotic cells. Serum stimulation or coexpression of activated Ras led to decreased electrophoretic mobility of pp34 complexed to Mil/Raf proteins while serum starvation rendered pp34 undetectable. Moreover, the association with pp34 became undetectable in parallel with the onset of morphological cellular transformation caused by overexpression of a constitutively activated mutant of c-Raf in an inducible expression system. Thus, the association of Mil/Raf proteins with pp34 is altered in the course of cell cycle progression, serum stimulation and cellular transformation. These events represent hallmarks of cellular Mil/Raf functions, rendering pp34 a candidate protein involved in Mil/Raf function
The Role of Implantable Cardiac Monitors in Atrial Fibrillation Management (2017)

Continuous heart rhythm monitoring using implantable cardiac monitors (ICMs) for atrial fibrillation (AF) management is steadily increasing in current clinical practice, even in the absence of an established indication provided by international guidelines. The increasing use of such devices is mainly associated with recent technological improvements including miniaturization, easier implant procedures, and remote monitoring, all of which make this strategy continuously more appealing and promising. For these and other reasons, ICMs have been proven to be a safe and highly effective tool for detecting AF episodes. However, ICMs are not the best option for every patient, as limitations exist. Therefore, it is imperative to weigh the possible benefits against the potential limitations of using these devices when deciding individualized patient care.
Developing nonuniform sampling strategies to improve sensitivity and resolution in 1,1‐ADEQUATE experiments (2020)

Nonuniform sampling (NUS) strategies are developed for acquiring highly resolved 1,1-ADEQUATE spectra, in both conventional and homodecoupled (HD) variants with improved sensitivity. Specifically, the quantile-directed and Poisson gap methods were critically compared for distributing the samples nonuniformly, and the quantile schedules were further optimized for weighting. Both maximum entropy and iterative soft thresholding spectral estimation algorithms were evaluated. All NUS approaches were robust when the degree of data reduction is moderate, on the order of a 50% reduction of sampling points. Further sampling reduction by NUS is facilitated by using weighted schedules designed by the quantile method, which also suppresses sampling noise well. Seed independence and the ability to specify the sample weighting in quantile scheduling are important in optimizing NUS for 1,1-ADEQUATE data acquisition. Using NUS yields an improvement in sensitivity, while also making longer evolution times accessible that would be difficult or impractical to attain by uniform sampling. Theoretical predictions for the sensitivity enhancements in these experiments are in the range of 5-20%; NUS is shown to disambiguate weak signals, reveal some <sup>n</sup> J<sub>CC</sub> correlations obscured by noise, and improve signal strength relative to uniform sampling in the same experimental time. This work presents sample schedule development for applying NUS to challenging experiments. The schedules developed here are made available for general use and should facilitate the broader utilization of ADEQUATE experiments (including 1,1-, 1,n-, and HD- variants) for challenging structure elucidation problems.
Proteins as Agricultural Polymers for Packaging Production (1998)

ABSTRACT Advantages, types, formation, and properties of agricultural packaging materials based on proteins, with examples, are reviewed in detail. Proteins have long and empirically been used to make biodegradable, renewable, and edible packaging materials. Numerous cereal and vegetable proteins (such as corn zein, wheat gluten, and soy proteins) and animal proteins (such as milk proteins, collagen, gelatin, keratin, and myofibrillar proteins) are commonly used to form agricultural packaging materials. Two technological processes have been investigated to make materials based on proteins: the “wet (or solvent) process” based on dispersion or solubilization of proteins in a solvent medium, and the “dry process” based on the thermoplastic properties of proteins under low water content conditions. The macroscopic properties (including solubility in water, mechanical properties, and barrier properties) of agricultural packaging materials based on proteins are dependent mainly on the structure of the macromolecular three‐dimensional network and on interactions between proteins, plasticizers, and cross‐linking agents.