gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electric Polarizability for Two Circular Apertures in Parallel Conducting Planes (2002)

A problem of electrostatic potential penetration into two circular apertures in parallel conducting planes is solved. The Hankeltransform and superposition principle is utilized to represent the scattered potentials in discrete and continuous modes. The boundary conditions are enforced to obtain a set of simultaneous equations for the discrete modal coefficients. The electric polarizability is derived in terms of the discrete modal coefficients. The numerical computation is performed to illustrate the behavior of the polarizability for various aperture geometries.
Sclerosing Hemangiomas of the Lung and Interlobar Fissures (1994)

A well defined juxtapleural mass with marked contrast enhancement coupled in select cases with foci of sharply marginated areas of low attenuation and calcification are characteristic CT findings of sclerosing hemangioma and should suggest this diagnosis especially in women with these findings.
BioThings SDK: a toolkit for building high-performance data APIs in biomedical research (2022)

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Wake Analysis and Drag Reduction for a Square Back Ahmed Body Using LES Computations (2014)

The trend of automotive design induces vertical shape in the region of the rear tailgate, which leads to important aerodynamic losses in the rear back of vehicles. Experimental wake analysis performed behind a square back bluff body shows influence of the vortex transport in the mixing layers backward the detachment region. It is therefore important to carry on studies on turbulent wake understanding in order to find solutions for drag reduction with the current vehicle design. This paper presents LES simulation results computed in order to describe transport of large vortices produced in the 3D wake structure behind a square back bluff body. Prior to this result analysis, we will show comparison with experimental results, helpful to validate these transient computations, performed with different pulsed jets implemented at the top end of the square back, close to the separation zone. Analysis of these computations results will also focus on the relation between amplitude of the flow structure and Cd results.
Fabrication of PVDF- and NMP-Free Lithium Ion Electrodes By Electrophoretic Deposition (2016)

Lithium-Ion batteries electrodes are fabricated by mixing the active (Li-ion host) and conductive material along with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) which are the binder and solvent respectively. The paste created is then doctor-bladed onto the current collector, convectively heated, and pressed. The problem with this method is that NMP is toxic and expensive and the binder has a limited solubility meaning replacing the solvent has proven difficult. Current attempts to eliminate the solvent have included finding a water soluble binder (such as Styrene Butadiene Rubber, SBR) or developing a new fabrication method. Among the new methods suggested is Electrophoretic Deposition (EPD). EPD is well suited to provide a low cost and green manufacturing technology for LIB battery electrodes thus contributing towards wider acceptance of electric vehicle transportation and renewable energy adoption. Thus EPD research can be very fertile ground in this domain. In particular, EPD systems that can produce thick electrode films using less hazardous solvents can be a major advancement. With this in mind our McGill HydroMET group has successfully used EPD recently to fabricate binder-free nanotitania/carbon anodes ( Journal of The Electrochemical Society , 162, D3013-D3018 (2015)). The performance of the EPD-deposited electrodes was further improved via sintering, this was then compared to standard PVDF-based electrodes and shown to have higher capacity retention characteristics. These encouraging results prompted research into carbon-coated lithium titanate spinel (Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 , LTO) electrodes. After screening different solvents (e.g. water, isopropanol, and several aqueous/organic hybrids) an acetonitrile and water (90/10 vol% respectively) medium was selected which made a stable suspension for both the carbon coated LTO and the conductive carbon. To improve adhesion, SBR binder was added. EPD conditions were 60V for three 15-second stages which yielded a deposit thickness of ~20 μm. In this paper an overview of this work will be presented by emphasizing the selection of EPD medium, characterization of the film, and battery performance (evaluated via galvanostatic charging/discharging cycling tests). In addition post-EPD film processing (compression or sintering) are to be discussed as a means to improve the mechanical integrity of the film.
Radioluminescent polymers: Preparation of deutero‐ and tritopolystyrene (1991)

Abstract Deuterium and tritium exchanges were performed on the aromatic groups of polystyrene using DCl or TCl and TiCl 4 . Up to 5 deuterium atoms per monomer unit could be placed on the aromatic groups depending upon time, DCI pressure, and TiCl 4 concentration. Tritiated polystyrene mixed with zinc sulfide phosphor produced 1.06 Cd/m 2 of luminance.
NISIN SYNERGY WITH NATURAL ANTIOXIDANT EXTRACTS OF THE HERB ROSEMARY (2006)

The bacteriocin nisin is active against both food spoilage and foodborne pathogenic Gram-positive bacteria. Previous studies have demonstrated that nisin activity can be enhanced in combination with chelating agents, certain emulsifiers and essential oils of herbs. Such combined food protection solutions offer the benefits of a multiple hurdle system, which gives better prevention of the emergence of less sensitive organisms and which may also reduce the required dosage of a single preservative. The present investigation examined the combination of nisin with natural extracts of the herb rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) containing high levels of antioxidant phenolic diterpenes and low levels of flavour compounds such as essential oils. In vitro testing demonstrated such a combination to be synergistic. The rosemary extracts enhanced both the cidal and static antibacterial activities of nisin against Gram-positive bacteria. Comparative testing with differently processed extracts identified the phenolic diterpenes carnosol and carnosic acid as the primary synergists. The synergism was demonstrated against Listeria monocytogenes and Bacillus cereus in vitro and in chilled, pasteurised food models (chicken soup, meat and cheese pasta sauces). The effect was increased by low temperature and acid conditions.
Context-aware grading of quality evidences for evidence-based decision-making (2017)

Processing huge repository of medical literature for extracting relevant and high-quality evidences demands efficient evidence support methods. We aim at developing methods to automate the process of finding quality evidences from a plethora of literature documents and grade them according to the context (local condition). We propose a two-level methodology for quality recognition and grading of evidences. First, quality is recognized using quality recognition model; second, context-aware grading of evidences is accomplished. Using 10-fold cross-validation, the proposed quality recognition model achieved an accuracy of 92.14 percent and improved the baseline system accuracy by about 24 percent. The proposed context-aware grading method graded 808 out of 1354 test evidences as highly beneficial for treatment purpose. This infers that around 60 percent evidences shall be given more importance as compared to the other 40 percent evidences. The inclusion of context in recommendation of evidence makes the process of evidence-based decision-making "situation-aware."
Tentacle: user agent of the public information system mediator (2004)

In the contemporary society, there is a strong need for the use and development of various Internet accessible services. In developing a faster and simpler model, the mobile access is introduced to the global network. However, development of new services and the run-time support for service providers and users is not satisfactory. A possible approach to the problem is the introduction of the application level middleware as the mediator between the client based access application and server based service logic. The mediator's deployment spans from different network nodes, including the users' access devices and services' hosts in the form of user and service agents. In this paper, we present the user agent of the MidArc public information system mediator. User agent resides on the access device and acts as the users' personal proxy bridging the gap between client applications and mediator's core functionalities. The role of the user agent in the two mediator-sited functionalities is considered as well as security policies enforcement and content adaptation mechanism.
Self‐Assembled Nanoreactors (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Photomechanical mechanism and structure-property considerations in the generation of photomechanical work in glassy, azobenzene liquid crystal polymer networks (2012)

Azobenzene-functionalized polymeric materials have proven capable of shape adaptive responses when irradiated with light. This work focuses on isolating the fundamental differences between the photogenerated mechanical output of glassy, polydomain azobenzene liquid crystal polymer networks (azo-LCN) upon exposure to either UV and blue-green irradiation. Profound differences in the fundamental photochemical mechanism are identified through spectroscopic examination of representative materials before and after irradiation with UV or blue-green light. The photomechanical response is further elucidated in structure-property examination to ascertain the role of crosslink density, azobenzene concentration, and azobenzene connectivity (crosslinked or pendant) on the photomechanical output.
10 Regulation of Protein Synthesis by Calcium (1996)

Eukaryotic protein synthesis is highly regulated by a variety of acute and chronic processes. Paramount among these processes is the reversible phosphorylation of protein synthetic components. Many of the factors involved in translation are phosphoproteins, and a certain amount is known about the kinases and phosphatases responsible for the phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of these factors. Considerably less is known about the overall physiological role of phosphorylation of translational components. In particular, two aspects remain to be fully understood, namely, the general involvement of Ca ++ in the regulation of protein synthesis and specifically, the role of Ca ++ -dependent phosphorylation of elongation factor-2 (eEF2). This chapter reviews these two topics. For more detailed reviews of the mechanistic details of protein synthesis and the role of protein phosphorylation in protein synthesis, see Merrick and Hershey, Trachsel, Clemens, and Hinnebusch (all this volume). REGULATION OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS ELONGATION BY CA ++ Identification of eEF2 Phosphorylation It has generally been assumed that initiation is the key regulatory step in protein synthesis and that changes in elongation rate could only affect global rates of translation without any type of specificity. However, increasing evidence suggests that elongation rates are subject to several forms of control and that this may result in selective effects on the translation of certain messenger RNAs (for further discussion, see below). An important factor in this renewed interest in the regulation of elongation is the discovery that both of the factors involved in polypeptide elongation, namely, eEF1 and eEF2 (see Merrick and Hershey, this volume),...
Hemodynamic and Oxygen Transport Effects of Pentastarch in Burn Resuscitation (1989)

If nonprotein colloid plasma expanders could be demonstrated to be safe and efficacious in burn resuscitation, a significant cost benefit would result. This study was a randomized cross-over comparison of 500 ml of 5% albumin and 500 ml of 10% pentastarch, a new hydroxyethyl starch, in acute burn resuscitation. Pentastarch was an effective plasma expander, resulting in increases of preload, cardiac output, oxygen delivery, and oxygen consumption; the hemodynamic effects of pentastarch infusion were equal or superior to those of albumin. Both albumin and pentastarch infusions resulted in increased bleeding and clotting times; these effects were most likely dilutional. Pentastarch is a promising plasma substitute for burn resuscitation; the effects of a 500 ml infusion are equal or superior to those of albumin. Further study is necessary to assess the safety of larger infusion volumes.
The WFC3 Exposure Time Calculators:Functionality and Operations (2000)

We describe the current version of the WFC3 Exposure Time Calculators (ETCs) from an operations and user support point of view. The WFC3 ETCs consist of two independent engines, one for the ultraviolet/visible (UVIS) channel and one for the infrared (IR) channel. The ETCs rely upon the IRAF STSDAS SYNPHOT task COUNTRATE as the basis for their signal-to-noise and exposure time calculations.
Permeability of liposomal membranes to water: Results from the magnetic field dependence of T1 of solvent protons in suspensions of vesicles with entrapped paramagnetic ions (1992)

The diffusive permeability to water molecules, Pd, of lipid vesicles with entrapped paramagnetic solute ions can be determined rapidly from analysis of the magnetic field dependence (nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion, or NMRD profile) of T1 of exterior solvent water protons. Such data yield tau, the mean lifetime of solvent molecules inside the vesicles, from tau = (fT1Para) - T1Ves, where f is the volume fraction of entrapped water, T1Para is the observed T1 corrected for buffer background, and T1Ves is the relaxation time of water protons in the entrapped solution. For small spherical unilamellar vesicles of inner radius R, Pd = R/3 tau, f can be obtained accurately from knowledge of both the concentration of Gd(DTPA)2- in the solution in which the vesicles were formed and the average concentration of ions in the final sample. At low temperatures, in the limit of slow exchange, T1Para becomes independent of field and tau = fT1Para; the observation of a field-independent profile is a control that confirms that no paramagnetic material is external to the vesicles. We have measured T1Para, using a field-cycling relaxometer, for suspensions of POPC (1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-lecithin) vesicles with 100-500 mM entrapped Gd(DTPA)2- and membrane concentrations of cholesterol ranging from 0 to 40 mol %. These profiles, which span the field range 0.01-50 MHz proton Larmor frequency, were taken at 5, 15, 25, and 35 degrees C. Concentrations of Gd(DTPA)2- were determined independently by both ICP analyses and NMRD methods. Values for Pd for vesicles with 100 mM Gd(DTPA)2- and outer diameters 100 nm +/- 20%, as determined by quasielastic light scattering, are 63, 47, 24, 16, and 8.7 x 10(-4) cm s-1, at 25 degrees C, for cholesterol concentrations of 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40%, respectively. The corresponding activation enthalpies are 14, 14, 14, 17, and 17 kcal/M. Comparison with 2H NMR studies of deuterated POPC vesicles with no cholesterol at 20 degrees C, and with 10% at 40 degrees C, which yielded the same order parameter for the palmitoyl acyl chains, gives no indication of a correlation between order parameter and permeability.
Effects of Midgut-Protein-Preparative and Ligand Binding Procedures on the Toxin Binding Characteristics of BT-R 1 , a Common High-Affinity Receptor in Manduca sexta for Cry1A Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins (1998)

The identity of the physiologically important Cry1A receptor protein(s) in the lepidopteran Manduca sexta has been a matter of dispute due to the multiple proteins which bind the Cry1Ac toxin. Cry1Aa, Cry1Ab, and Cry1Ac exhibit essentially identical toxicities toward M. sexta larvae and show a high degree of sequence and presumed structural identities. These similarities make it likely that there is a common mechanism of toxicity in these lepidopteran-specific toxins in terms of both mode of action and the receptor proteins through which these toxins exert their lepidopteran-specific toxicity. Investigators in our laboratory previously demonstrated that the cloned 210-kDa glycoprotein BT-R1 binds all three Cry1A toxins (T. P. Keeton and L. A. Bulla, Jr., Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 63:3419-3425, 1997). This protein remains a common binding protein even after being subjected to various midgut membrane preparation and processing protocols. The method used to isolate proteins from the M. sexta larval midgut in no significant way affects the results of ligand binding and vacuum blotting experiments, and we have been unable to detect specific, high-affinity binding of any Cry1A toxin to Cry1Ac binding proteins other than BT-R1. Alterations in blot substrate and blocking, hybridization, and washing buffers support these conclusions. Collectively, these results indicate that in M. sexta the cadherin-like BT-R1 protein is a common high-affinity receptor protein for the Cry1A family of toxins.
Montage: An Astronomical Image Mosaic Service for the NVO (2005)

Montage is a software system for generating astronomical image mosaics according to user-specified size, rotation, WCS-compliant projection and coordinate system, with background modeling and rectification capabilities. Its architecture has been described in the proceedings of ADASS XII and XIII (Berriman et al. 2003, 2004). It has been designed as a toolkit, with independent modules for image reprojection, background rectification and co-addition, and will run on workstations, clusters and grids. The primary limitation of Montage thus far has been in the projection algorithm. It uses a spherical trigonometry approach that is general at the expense of speed. The reprojection algorithm has now been made 30 times faster for commonly used tangent plane to tangent plane reprojections that cover up to several square degrees, through modification of a custom algorithm first derived for the Spitzer Space Telescope. This focus session will describe this algorithm, demonstrate the generation of mosaics in real time, and describe applications of the software. In particular, we will highlight one case study which shows how Montage is supporting the generation of science-grade mosaics of images measured with the Infrared Array Camera aboard the Spitzer Space Telescope.
A wideband frequency-shift keying demodulator for wireless neural stimulation microsystems (2006)

This paper presents a wideband frequency-shift keying (FSK) demodulator which is suitable for a digital data transmission chain of wireless neural stimulation microsystems such as cochlear implants and retinal prostheses. The demodulator circuit derives a constant frequency clock directly from a FSK carrier, and uses this clock to sample the data bits. The circuit occupies 0.03 mm/sup 2/ in a 0.6 /spl mu/m, 2M/2P, standard CMOS process, and consumes 0.25mW at 5V. This demodulator circuit is experimentally tested at the transmission speed up to 2.5Mbps while receiving a 5/10 MHz FSK carrier signal in a cochlear implant system.
Network File System (NFS) Direct Data Placement (2010)

This document defines the bindings of the various Network File System (NFS) versions to the Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA) operations supported by the RPC/RDMA transport protocol.It describes the use of direct data placement by means of server-initiated RDMA operations into client-supplied buffers for implementations of NFS versions 2, 3, 4, and 4.1 over such an RDMA transport.
Identification of IGF2 signaling through phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 3 as a growth-promoting axis in glioblastoma (2007)

Amplification or overexpression of growth factor receptors is a frequent occurrence in malignant gliomas. Using both expression profiling and in situ hybridization, we identified insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) as a marker for a subset of glioblastomas (GBMs) that lack amplification or overexpression of EGF receptor. Among 165 primary high-grade astrocytomas, 13% of grade IV tumors and 2% of grade III tumors expressed IGF2 mRNA levels &gt;50-fold the sample population median. IGF2-overexpressing tumors frequently displayed PTEN loss, were highly proliferative, exhibited strong staining for phospho-Akt, and belonged to a subclass of GBMs characterized by poor survival. Using a serum-free culture system, we discovered that IGF2 can substitute for EGF to support the growth of GBM-derived neurospheres. The growth-promoting effects of IGF2 were mediated by the insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 and phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 3 (PIK3R3), a regulatory subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase that shows genomic gains in some highly proliferative GBM cases. PIK3R3 knockdown inhibited IGF2-induced growth of GBM-derived neurospheres. The current results provide evidence that the IGF2–PIK3R3 signaling axis is involved in promoting the growth of a subclass of highly aggressive human GBMs that lack EGF receptor amplification. Our data underscore the importance of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt pathway for growth of high-grade gliomas and suggest that multiple molecular alterations that activate this signaling cascade may promote tumorigenesis. Further, these findings highlight the parallels between growth factors or receptors that are overexpressed in GBMs and those that support in vitro growth of tumor-derived stem-like cells.
Serialized Output Training for End-to-End Overlapped Speech Recognition (2020)

This paper proposes serialized output training (SOT), a novel framework for multi-speaker overlapped speech recognition based on an attention-based encoder-decoder approach.Instead of having multiple output layers as with the permutation invariant training (PIT), SOT uses a model with only one output layer that generates the transcriptions of multiple speakers one after another.The attention and decoder modules take care of producing multiple transcriptions from overlapped speech.SOT has two advantages over PIT: (1) no limitation in the maximum number of speakers, and (2) an ability to model the dependencies among outputs for different speakers.We also propose a simple trick that allows SOT to be executed in O(S), where S is the number of the speakers in the training sample, by using the start times of the constituent source utterances.Experimental results on LibriSpeech corpus show that the SOT models can transcribe overlapped speech with variable numbers of speakers significantly better than PIT-based models.We also show that the SOT models can accurately count the number of speakers in the input audio.
Wnt Signaling, Ca 2 + , and Cyclic GMP: Visualizing Frizzled Functions (2003)

Wnts control the specification of cell fate, cell adhesion, migration, polarity, and proliferation. Their roles in development have been probed in fruit flies, nematodes, zebrafish, frogs, and mice. Some Wnts inhibit the degradation of beta-catenin, which can regulate transcription of specific genes. Other Wnts exert their influences in other ways, such as increasing intracellular concentrations of Ca2+ and decreasing intracellular concentrations of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and RGS proteins have been implicated in Wnt signaling. Wnt regulation of intracellular Ca2+ and cGMP levels requires the G protein transducin and a cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase, which are major elements in signaling of the visual pathway.