gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Carrier transport in HfO/sub 2//metal gate MOSFETs: physical insight into critical parameters (2006)

Electron and hole mobility in HfO/sub 2//metal gate MOSFETs is deeply studied through low-temperature measurements down to 4.2 K. Original technological splits allow the decorrelation of the different scattering mechanisms. It is found that even when charge trapping is negligible, strong remote coulomb scattering (RCS) due to fixed charges or dipoles causes most of the mobility degradation. The effective charges are found to be located in the HfO/sub 2/ near the SiO/sub 2/ interface within 2 nm. Experimental results are well reproduced by RCS calculation using 7/spl times/10/sup 13/ cm/sup -2/ fixed charges at the HfO/sub 2//SiO/sub 2/ interface. We also discuss the role of remote phonon scattering in such gate stacks. Interactions with surface soft-optical phonon of HfO/sub 2/ are clearly evidenced for a metal gate but remain of second order. All these remote interactions are significant for an interfacial oxide thickness up to 2 nm, over which, these are negligible. Finally, the metal gate (TiN) itself induces a modified surface-roughness term that impacts the low to high effective field mobility even for the SiO/sub 2/ gate dielectric references.
Prediction of hydrodynamic characteristics of a venturi scrubber by using CFD simulation (2017)

The filtered containment venting system (FCVS) is a safety relevant system, which consists of venturi scrubber and a mesh filter. FCVS needs to be further assessed to improve the existing performance of the venturi scrubber. Therefore, hydrodynamics is an important counter-component needs to be investigated to improve the design of the venturi scrubber. In the present research, Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) has been used to predict the hydrodynamic behaviour of a newly designed venturi scrubber. Mesh was developed by gambit 2.4.6 and ansys fluent 15 has been used to predict the pressure drop profile inside the venturi scrubber under various flow conditions. The Reynolds Renormalization Group (RNG) k-ε turbulence model and the volume of the fluid (VOF) were employed for this simulation. The effect of throat gas velocity, liquid mass flow rate, and liquid loading on pressure drop was studied. Maximum pressure drop 2064.34 pa was achieved at the throat gas velocity of 60 m/s and liquid flow rate of 0.033 kg/s and minimum pressure drop 373.51 pa was achieved at the throat gas velocity of 24 m/s and liquid flow rate of 0.016 kg/s. The results of the present study will assist for proper functioning of venturi scrubber.
Unexpected Sensitivity of Nitrogen Ions Superradiant Emission on Pump Laser Wavelength and Duration (2017)

Nitrogen molecules in ambient air exposed to an intense near-infrared femtosecond laser pulse give rise to cavity-free superradiant emission at 391.4 and 427.8 nm. An unexpected pulse duration-dependent cyclic variation of the superradiance intensity is observed when the central wavelength of the femtosecond pump laser pulse is finely tuned between 780 and 820 nm, and no signal occurs at the resonant wavelength of 782.8 nm (2ω_{782.8 nm}=ω_{391.4 nm}). On the basis of a semiclassical recollision model, we show that an interference of dipolar moments of excited ions created by electron recollisions explains this behavior.
Pituitary stem cells produce paracrine WNT signals to control the expansion of their descendant progenitor cells (2020)

ABSTRACT In response to physiological demand, the pituitary gland generates new hormone-secreting cells from committed progenitor cells throughout life. It remains unclear to what extent pituitary stem cells (PSCs), which uniquely express SOX2, contribute to pituitary growth and renewal. Moreover, neither the signals that drive proliferation nor their sources have been elucidated. We have used genetic approaches in the mouse, showing that the WNT pathway is essential for proliferation of all lineages in the gland. We reveal that SOX2 + stem cells are a key source of WNT ligands. By blocking secretion of WNTs from SOX2 + PSCs in vivo , we demonstrate that proliferation of neighbouring committed progenitor cells declines, demonstrating that progenitor multiplication depends on the paracrine WNT secretion from SOX2 + PSCs. Our results indicate that stem cells can hold additional roles in tissue expansion and homeostasis, acting as paracrine signalling centres to coordinate the proliferation of neighbouring cells.
Processing Requirements for Mass Production of Microwave Hybrid Integrated Circuits (1978)

The works undertaken by L.T.T. to master the different operations for low cost and mass production of MIC (in TO 8 package) components are described. A certain number of devices representative of the whole of microwave components one can realize in MIC technology were selected. They were used both for a comparative study of the explored technologies (from both technical and economical points of view) and for systematic reliability and reproductibility tests. The most performing technologies will be described in detail.
Synthesis of Donor−Acceptor Multiblock Copolymers Incorporating Fullerene Backbone Repeat Units (2010)

The synthesis of the first example of a block copolymer based on a polymer using fullerene as a backbone repeat subunit is demonstrated. A facile route incorporating the electron acceptor and high fullerene content polymer, poly{(1,4-fullerene)-alt-[1,4-dimethylene-2,5-bis(cyclohexylmethyl ether)phenylene]} (PFDP), with the archetypal electron donor, poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), into a multiblock copolymer (MBC) structure is presented. α,ω-Bromomethyl-PFDP was prepared by atom-transfer radical addition polymerization (ATRAP) and then reacted with α,ω-phenol-P3HT via a Williamson condensation to yield the MBCs. The lengths of the electron-acceptor and donor polymer blocks could be selected so that the resulting solid state domains were of a size appropriate to organic solar cells. Also it was found that the MBCs gave a wide range of macro-structures, from micelles to well-defined wires, depending on the preparation conditions.
PhiNets: A Scalable Backbone for Low-power AI at the Edge (2022)

In the Internet of Things era, where we see many interconnected and heterogeneous mobile and fixed smart devices, distributing the intelligence from the cloud to the edge has become a necessity. Due to limited computational and communication capabilities, low memory and limited energy budget, bringing artificial intelligence algorithms to peripheral devices, such as end-nodes of a sensor network, is a challenging task and requires the design of innovative solutions. In this work, we present PhiNets , a new scalable backbone optimized for deep-learning-based image processing on resource-constrained platforms. PhiNets are based on inverted residual blocks specifically designed to decouple the computational cost, working memory, and parameter memory, thus exploiting all available resources for a given platform. With a YoloV2 detection head and Simple Online and Realtime Tracking (SORT), the proposed architecture achieves state-of-the-art results in (i) detection on the COCO and VOC2012 benchmarks, and (ii) tracking on the MOT15 benchmark. PhiNets obtain a reduction in parameter count of around 90% with respect to previous state-of-the-art models (EfficientNetv1, MobileNetv2) and achieve better performance with lower computational cost. Moreover, we demonstrate our approach on a prototype node based on an STM32H743 microcontroller (MCU) with 2 MB of internal Flash and 1MB of RAM and achieve power requirements in the order of 10 mW. The code for the PhiNets is publicly available on GitHub. 1
Analysis of a gas cooling system for an infrared sensor window (2012)

In this paper, a cooling system for an infrared sensor window was analyzed. We applied the same conditions used in an experiment to a numerical analysis. For the heat-fluid-structure interaction analysis, we used a commercial professional heat-fluid-structure analysis program. The results of the analysis were found to be in good agreement with those of the experiment. Under steady-state conditions, the temperature distribution on the top surface of the window from the simulation results was a little higher than that from the experimental results. The rates of temperature increase in the transient simulation and the experiment were almost identical.
Construction of a Double Beam Recording Infra-Red Spectrophotometer (1950)

A new double beam infra-red spectrometer recording directly in percent transmission vs. wave-length has been built on the principles described by Wright. The spectrometer and recorder are a single unit (40″ long, 22″ high, 20″ wide) with external amplifier and power supplies. The instrument makes direct reading transmission records on 34″×11″ charts; employs a 60° Littrow mounted rock salt prism with 60×75-mm faces; has 5″ of length available for sample cells in each beam. Wave-lengths and slit widths are read directly on Veeder counters. Wave-length scanning speed varies from about five minutes to 200 hours for the rock salt region; speed of response from about 4 seconds to over a minute for full scale, with the possibility of a further increase to five minutes if needed; resolution from close to the theoretical limit of the prism to about a tenth as much; paper drive speeds to give uniform scales from 1 to 50 inches per micron by integral factors. By changing cams, spectra can be recorded on constant wave number of other scales. Changes may be made to accommodate prisms of LiF, KBr and other materials. The general features and arrangement of the new instrument are described in this paper. Its detection, amplification and electrical control systems will be described in detail in a second paper. A third paper will give its performance in various types of operation.
Microstructural evolutions induced by an electrical breakdown in a binary Cu-25Cr alloy (2022)

Abstract Cu-Cr based alloys with a high Cr content are widely used as electrical contact materials in vacuum interrupters due to their good combination of electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties. During a current interruption process in a vacuum, the establishment of an electrical arc results in a severe local thermal input onto the contact material surface. Few studies have closely investigated the microstructural evolution during this phenomenon as well as the Cu-Cr alloy properties evolution. This study reports the microstructural, electrical conductivity, and hardness evolution of a Cu-25Cr (25 wt%Cr) solid state sintered alloy as electrical contact before and after successive current interruptions. Electron scanning and optical microscopy show that this microstructural evolution is a result of a complex phenomenon. Local and heterogeneous thermal conditions take place resulting in significant microstructural evolution. The resulting microstructure is related to out-of-equilibrium solidification conditions. Electrical conductivity is decreased by half in the whole thermally affected zone by the electrical arc and hardness is multiplied by three to four times.
Ammonia in the Human Airways: Neutralization of Inspired Acid Sulfate Aerosols (1977)

In the human being, expired ammonia concentrations from 7 to 520 micrograms per cubic meter are controlled by the last airway segment traversed by the air, and such concentrations are higher in the mouth than nose. Inspired submicrometric sulfuric acid aerosol at a mass concentration of 600 ± 100 micrograms per cubic meter was found to be an ammonium salt with an average ammonium to sulfate molar ratio of ≥1, when sampled within 0.5 second after exhalation.
Flexible Bioprosthetic Pericardial Heart Valve (1980)

A flexible bioprosthetic pericardial heart valve has been produced as a consequence of adverse long-term clinical information about tissue heart valves on rigid frames. The concept of flexibility has been supported by a comparison between homograft valves on rigid and flexible supports used in the mitral position. Principles and methods of construction of this flexible valve are described and it is intended that this inexpensive plastic frame will provide support for a bioprosthesis which will be a useful addition to choices for cardiac valve replacements.
Report on a Position Sensitive Parallel Plate Avalanche Counter with a Distributed Constants Delay-Line-Cathode (1986)

A position sensitive parallel plate (PSPP) stop detector for heavy ions with an active area of 70×76 mm2 has been developed. The cathode is a printed circuit board with parallel strips which form a distri buted constant delay-line. The position resolution is better than 1 mm in the x direction (orthogonal to the strips) and 2 cm in the y direction (along the strips). The anode time resolution is about 300 psec fwhm.
Multiple-frequency thickness-mode thin-film piezoelectric-on-substrate filter array (2008)

An approach to build thin-film piezoelectric-on-substrate (TPoS) filters working at different frequencies on the same wafer is proposed. In this approach, filters with different substrate layer thicknesses working at different orders of resonance are used. The insertion loss for each thickness and mode is predicted by introducing damping elements in the material constants used in Mason’s model simulations. In a first demonstration, ZnO-on-Si filters with different Si layer thicknesses are fabricated and tested. Measurement results are in good agreement with simulations. Several filters with low insertion loss at different frequencies are fabricated on the same wafer.
Towards a Global AAA Framework for Internet (2009)

A common authentication, authorization and accounting (AAA) framework enables communication between control structures across several interconnected organizations. It is a requirement to allow users mobility or emergence of new distributed services. The path leading to a global framework contains many obstacles, technical and political, that must be overcome to achieve new generation network features such as pervasive computing. While creating a new framework implementation focused on extensibility, we have found some issues in diameter, the state-of-the-art AAA framework in Internet. This paper summarizes the fundamentals of a AAA architecture, then presents our implementation waaad and our findings on diameter limitations. It shows that diameter is suitable for AAA in the future, but some problems must be addressed first. The next phase-in our evaluation of the diameter framework is the deployment of our implementation in a multi-realm environment, one step closer to a global AAA framework.
Correlation between Changes in Plasma HIV RNA Levels and in Plasma Infectivity in Response to Antiretroviral Therapy (1997)

We evaluated the degree of correlation between the variation of different HIV-1 viral load measures in response to antiretroviral therapy. A quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for plasma HIV-RNA, and HIV plasma infectivity titration, were performed on prospective samples obtained from 86 antiretroviral-naive patients with symptomatic infection and CD4+ < 300/mm3, enrolled in a randomized double-blind trial of the HIV protease inhibitor saquinavir (SQV) in combination with zidovudine (ZDV). Subjects were stratified according to plasma virus infectivity and examined for correlations between distinct response categories with respect to CD4 count and HIV RNA copy number changes. Infectious virus could be titrated in 72% of patients at baseline. A significant reduction (< 1 log10) in HIV plasma infectivity titer was observed during the study in 69% of these patients. The reduction in plasma infectivity was a good predictor of sustained CD4+ cell increases and of sustained decrease in HIV RNA plasma copies. A decrease of at least 0.5 log10 in HIV RNA copy number was observed in 82% of the treated patients. A good correlation was found between HIV plasma infectivity titer and plasma HIV RNA copy number variations (p < 0.001). However, 10 of 17 patients with unchanged plasma infectivity titer showed a significant reduction in HIV RNA copies. While a good correlation was found between plasma infectivity and RNA plasma copies variations, only a minor correlation was found between CD4+ cell count variation and plasma infectivity titer variation. However, reduction in plasma infectivity was a very good predictor of high CD4 changes.
Stimulated light scatterings in submicron single crystal diamond films implanted with light ions (2018)

Stimulated low frequency Raman scattering (SLFRS) in submicron single-crystal diamond films (SCD) with a graphitized layer built-in is investigated. The value of SLFRS frequency shift lies in gigahertz range (8.4-9.3 GHz) and shows the morphological dependence (inverse dependence on the thicknesses of SCD layers). Experimentally estimated SLFRS conversion efficiency and threshold evidence about the coherent phonon mode excitation in submicron SCDs as a result of nonlinear interaction of high-power laser wave with an eigen vibration of nanosized graphitized layer built-in.
Production of Eicosapentaenoic Acid by Marine Bacteria (1988)

About 5,000 strains of marine microorganisms were screened for eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)-producing ability, which was detected in 88 of them. All of the latter were found to be obligate aerobic, Gram-negative, motile, short rod-shaped bacteria. One strain, designated as SCRC-8132, showed a doubling time of 30 min at 25 degrees C and produced 20 mg/liter (4 mg/g dry cells) when cultured in a P-Y-M-Glucose medium for 18 h. The EPA to total fatty acids ratio was 24%. The strain produced 26 mg EPA/liter (15 mg/g dry cells) when cultured at 4 degrees C for 5 days, the EPA ratio being increased to 40%.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY OF SUBSTITUTED 5‐UREIDO‐ AND 5‐THIOUREIDOBENZIMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVES (1978)

Abstract Aus dem Dinitrochlorbenzol (I) werden über die Dinitraniline (III) die Nitro‐ und Aminobenzimidazole (VII) und (VIII) hergestellt und mit Isocyanaten, Isothiocyanaten und Aldehyden umgesetzt.
Automatic application update with user customisation integration and collision detection for model driven applications (2011)

Enterprise Information Systems (EIS) applications are complex and incur significant costs and effort during version upgrades, which are further exacerbated by any customizations. Our temporal meta-data framework for EIS applications avoids or minimizes these upgrade issues by standardizing all update procedures as an updated set or stream of individual meta-data changes. Each change is applied sequentially for all changes between the previous and current meta-data models. Meta-data changes include the core application functionality plus meta-data changes for any local or unique customizations. The automated update process removes the need from developers to produce version specific update programs, and simplifies the end user’s meta-data EIS application update processes. Collision detection with third party customizations, known as Variant Logic, can precisely identify any potential conflict in advance, avoiding or reducing compatibility rework effort for customizations.
Orchestrating cytoskeleton and intracellular vesicle traffic to build functional immunological synapses (2013)

Immunological synapses are specialized cell-cell contacts formed between T lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells. They are induced upon antigen recognition and are crucial for T-cell activation and effector functions. The generation and function of immunological synapses depend on an active T-cell polarization process, which results from a finely orchestrated crosstalk between the antigen receptor signal transduction machinery, the actin and microtubule cytoskeletons, and controlled vesicle traffic. Although we understand how some of these particular events are regulated, we still lack knowledge on how these multiple cellular elements are harmonized to ensure appropriate T-cell responses. We discuss here our view on how T-cell receptor signal transduction initially commands cytoskeletal and vesicle traffic polarization, which in turn sets the immunological synapse molecular design that regulates T-cell activation. We also discuss how the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) hijacks some of these processes impairing immunological synapse generation and function.
Type IV pili‐mediated secretion modulates Francisella virulence (2006)

Francisella tularensis are the causative agent of the zoonotic disease, tularaemia. Among four F. tularensis subspecies, ssp. novicida (F. novicida) is pathogenic only for immunocompromised individuals, while all four subspecies are pathogenic for mice. This study utilized proteomic and bioinformatic approaches to identify seven F. novicida secreted proteins and the corresponding Type IV pilus (T4P) secretion system. The secreted proteins were predicted to encode two chitinases, a chitin binding protein, a protease (PepO), and a beta-glucosidase (BglX). The transcription of F. novicida pepO and bglX was regulated by the virulence regulator MglA. Intradermal infection of mice with F. novicida mutants defective in T4P secretion system or PepO resulted in enhanced F. novicida spread to systemic sites. Infection with F. novicida pepO mutants also resulted in increased neutrophil infiltration into the mouse airways. PepO is a zinc protease that is homologous to mammalian endothelin-converting enzyme ECE-1. Therefore, secretion of PepO likely results in increased production of endothelin and increased vasoconstriction at the infection site in skin that limits the F. novicida spread. Francisella human pathogenic strains contain a mutation in pepO predicted to abolish its secretion. Loss of PepO function may have contributed to evolution of highly virulent Francisellae.
Template‐Directed Synthesis of an Inverted Spiro Architecture (2018)

The regular bicyclic spiro motif is highly abundant given its synthetic accessibility while the diastereomer-virtually obtained through inversion at the central atom-is almost unknown. We have developed methodology to access the elusive inverted spiro architecture by employing a covalent template-directed approach. Comparison with the regular spiro bicycle analog unequivocally established the diastereomeric relationship, providing insight into the fascinating stereochemical and structural properties.
Luminescent Probes for Ultrasensitive Detection of Nucleic Acids (2010)

Novel amino-reactive derivatives of lanthanide-based luminescent labels of enhanced brightness and metal retention were synthesized and used for the detection of cDNA oligonucleotides by molecular beacons. Time-resolved acquisition of the luminescent signal that occurs upon hybridization of the probe to the target enabled the avoidance of short-lived background fluorescence, markedly enhancing the sensitivity of detection, which was less than 1 pM. This value is about 50 to 100 times more sensitive than the level achieved with conventional fluorescence-based molecular beacons, and is 10 to 60 times more sensitive than previously reported for other lanthanide-based hybridization probes. These novel luminescent labels should significantly enhance the sensitivity of all type of nucleic acid hybridization probes, and could dramatically improve the detection limit of other biopolymers and small compounds that are used in a variety of biological applications.