gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Protection of oxidative hair color fading from shampoo washing by hydrophobically modified cationic polymers (2010)

The fading of oxidative color in hair as a result of daily shampoo washing activities has become a common problem and a source of frequent complaints by consumers. The fading occurs primarily through hair dye solubility in water. One aspect of the current study investigates the physical and chemical factors that influence hair color fading during the washing process. This is accomplished by testing hair dye dissolution in water from dyed hair samples with variation of surfactant type, pH, and hair type. Furthermore, a new approach to preventing color fading is developed aiming to provide an effective barrier function for hair dye from dissolving into water. The preliminary investigation of a series of polymers with various functional groups indicates that polymers with hydrophobically modified and cationic functionalities are most effective in preventing hair dye dissolution in water. It is also evident that a synergistic effect of the polymer's hydrophobic moieties and cationic charges are important on hair color protection during shampoo washing processes. A primary example of a polymer within this category is a cationic terpolymer of vinylpyrrolidone, dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide, and methacryloylaminopropyl lauryldimonium chloride (INCI: Polyquaternium-55). The color protection benefit of this polymer is evaluated using newly developed methodologies for evaluating hair color changes, such as hair color fading tests through multiple shampoo washes with mannequin heads and hair tresses, both derived from human hair, colorimetry, and quantitative digital image analysis. In addition, new infrared spectroscopic imaging techniques are used to detect the hair dye deposition behavior inside hair fibers both with and without the color protection treatment. Both visual and instrumental measurement results indicate that Polyquaternium-55 provides a high level of color protection when formulated in a hair color protection regimen with up to 50% color protection. This regimen significantly outperforms commercial products that were tested containing a color protection claim. The proposed mechanism for the anti-fading action of hydrophobically modified polymers includes a cationic charge-reinforced hydrophobic barrier. This model is supported by evaluating the color fastness effect of several different polymer chemistries and by measuring hair surface hydrophobicity changes.
Abstract relational categories, graded persistence, and prefrontal cortical representation (2010)

Human behavior is characterized by creativity, flexibility, and adaptability. Psychologists have argued that this is a result of analogical reasoning processes. Neuroimaging studies point to PFC as a critical component of a larger network; however, it remains unclear how the brain accomplishes analogical reasoning. This paper presents a theory of prefrontal cortical function that attempts to explain the neural mechanisms of analogical processing in the context of the broader theoretical and empirical work on PFC. Specifically, the current paper proposes that neurons in PFC are particularly sensitive to relationship information, and that they develop response preferences for relationship information that increases in abstractness and complexity along the posterior-anterior axis. Further, this theory posits that representation formation in PFC is driven by fronto-striatal circuits and that the persistence of these representations is determined by environmental consequences such that the longer the representation predicts reward or punishment, the longer the representation lasts. Finally, it is suggested that because analogy has been proposed as a core cognitive process, underlying many other interesting cognitive phenomena such as learning, creativity, and decision-making, it could serve as a useful tool for studying PFC function in general.
Portfolio and Short-term Capital Inflows to the New and Potential EU Countries: Patterns and Determinants (2011)

This unique and fascinating book illustrates that the ‘credit crunch’ and the ensuing financial and economic crisis of 2007–2009 did not only strike hard at the economy in the Western world, but also at its policymakers, at economics as a scientific discipline and, more specifically, at the process of European integration itself.
Association of dementia in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (2016)

Patients with BPPV exhibited a higher risk of dementia than those without BPPV.
Optimised Neat Ethanol Engine with Stratified Combustion at Part-load; Particle Emissions, Efficiency and Performance (2013)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A regular flex-fuel engine can operate on any blend of fuel between pure gasoline and E85. Flex-fuel engines have relatively low efficiency on E85 because the hardware is optimized for gasoline. If instead the engine is optimized for neat ethanol, the efficiency may be much higher, as demonstrated in this paper.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The studied two-liter engine was modified with a much higher compression ratio than suitable for gasoline, two-stage turbocharging and direct injection with piezo-actuated outwards-opening injectors, a stratified combustion system and custom in-house control system. The research engine exhibited a wide-open throttle performance similar to that of a naturally aspirated v8, while offering a part-load efficiency comparable to a state-of-the-art two-liter naturally aspirated engine. NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; will be handled by a lean NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; trap.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Combustion characteristics were compared between gasoline and neat ethanol. Particles numbers were about 15% from ethanol in comparison to those from gasoline at 2000 rpm, 2 bar BMEP and fuel consumption ~300 g/kWh (with numbers for ethanol converted to gasoline's heating value). The highest load was limited to 12 bar for gasoline due to knocking, but ethanol could be run at optimum ignition and with λ=1, up to at least 16 bar BMEP, where fuel consumption was 215 g/kW h, corresponding to 37% efficiency.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
The Chinese Mysticism (2011)

The Chinese mind, generally speaking, has no mystic bent. The Confucian positivism is its best expression and the greater bulk of the people have been ardent followers of the Confucian ethics. The abolition of imperialism, round which this Confucianism centered in ancient times, has made no difference in the country and the Confucian attitude of mind has not been disturbed in the least. The Confucian ethics is mainly based on conservative social dogmas. There is no place of divine revelation in it, and it insists on the reciprocal duties of the Emperor and his subjects, father and children, and the fellowcitizens. The respect of the subjects for the Emperor, and the respect of the children for their ancestors, constitute the real foundation of the Government and family. This is why it has been given the place of a national religion in Confucian ethics. In Confucian philosophy there is no place for a Creator God, and in fact Confucius himself refused more than once to be dragged into the speculation on the existence of a Godhead. He explains the mystery of the Universe by the formulation of two principles which he calls Yin and Yang. Yin is the female principle which is passive and Yang is the male principle which is active. These two in conjunction create the beings which populate the earth.
Towards the Wide Spread Use of Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Systems in Real World Applications (2012)

Real world applications are characterized by high levels of linguistic and numerical uncertainties. Since the inception of Fuzzy Logic Systems (FLSs), they have been applied with great success to numerous real world applications. The vast majority of FLSs so far have been traditional type-1 FLSs. However, type-1 FLSs cannot fully handle the high levels of uncertainties available in the vast majority of real world applications. This is because type-1 FLSs employ crisp and precise type-1 fuzzy sets. A type-2 FLS can handle higher uncertainty levels to produce improved performance. This paper follows on [1] to show how type-2 FLSs are starting to find their way into a variety of real world applications, promising a continuous growth both in number and variety of type-2 FLS applications in the next decade.
Review of the effects of incising on treatability and strength of wood (2022)

In wood, longitudinal fluid flow is several orders of magnitude greater than in radial or tangential directions. Incising of difficult-to-treat (i.e. refractory) wood species is a critical step in achieving adequate preservative penetration. Incising, as broadly defined, involves creating holes, incisions or fluid pathways to varying depths into the timber to increase longitudinal fluid flow and penetration into the wood. Incising has been used globally with early development occurring in the U.S., Canada, U.K. and Germany. It has been most heavily adopted in North America where it is required for treatment of thin sapwood lumber species in both the Canadian and U.S. treatment and engineering design standards. Incising can be either physical or biological. Physical incising uses teeth, knives, drills, needles, lasers, or high-pressure water jets to create pathways in the wood to the depth of the desired preservative treatment in a pattern that ensures uniform treatment. Biological incising uses bacteria or fungi to increase permeability. This review outlines the development, processes, applications and effects of incising technology. It specifically discusses their effects on treatability and strength properties, and reviews recent developments for modeling incising-related strength effects.
Dispersion State and Fiber Toughness: Antibacterial Lysozyme‐Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2013)

Abstract Novel multicomponent fibers that include single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) and lysozyme (LSZ) are reported. These fibers exhibit antibacterial and mechanical properties suitable for fabrics, clothing and technical textiles in medical environments. The challenging combination of several components in a single fiber material is achieved via fundamental studies on the phase behavior of aqueous LSZ–SWNT dispersions. The addition of molecular cationic surfactants proved to be critical to achieving stable liquid mixtures that can be spun into fibers. In the absence of the cationic surfactant tetradecyl trimethylammonium bromide (TTAB), depletion effects result in large aggregates at relatively low SWNT concentration. However, the addition of TTAB increases the concentration at which demixing occurrs by approximately one order of magnitude. Dry‐spun fibers with significant antibacterial activity and toughness are obtained from LSZ–TTAB–SWNT dispersions combined with a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution. Toughness is strongly affected by the initial dispersion state. The most remarkable fibers are produced from concentrated LSZ–TTAB–SWNT supernatants; they both have four times the toughness of spider silk and 70% of the native LSZ activity.
[DNA diagnosis: its induction, problem and future--with special reference to congenital goiter]. (1994)

PCR technique is a powerful tool for genetic analysis of various diseases including infectious diseases, inherited diseases and malignant tumors. Some of our experiences and problems in gene level diagnosis using mainly the PCR technique newly introduced to our clinical laboratory were discussed. A case of congenital goiter in which the analysis at the gene level was the first demonstration of a mutation associated with the abnormal expression of the thyroglobulin gene in man, is also presented. The direct demonstration from the sputum of the presence of M. tuberculosis DNA by PCR will be a great benefit to the clinician in the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculous infection. At present, it is possible to report the results within 2 days from the submission of samples, but further considerations on the sensitivity and specificity are required. The clinical laboratory will be required to accumulate sufficient knowledge of gene level analysis of various disease conditions and master the techniques.
Evaluation of disparate laser beam deflection technologies by means of number and rate of resolvable spots (2013)

We introduce a method to objectively evaluate systems of differing beam deflection technologies that commonly are described by disparate technical specifications. Using our new approach based on resolvable spots we will compare commercially available random-access beam deflection technologies, namely galvanometer scanners, piezo scanners, MEMS scanners, acousto-optic deflectors, and electro-optic deflectors.
Consequences of a Linear Two-Coordinate Geometry for the Orbital Magnetism and Jahn−Teller Distortion Behavior of the High Spin Iron(II) Complex Fe[N(t-Bu)2]2 (2008)

Mossbauer, EPR, magnetic susceptibility, and DFT studies of the unusual two-coordinate iron(II) amide Fe[N(t-Bu)(2)](2) show that it retains a linear N-Fe-N framework due to the nonbonding delta nature of the (xy, x(2)-y(2)) orbitals. The resulting near-degenerate ground state gives rise to a large magnetic moment and a remarkably large internal hyperfine field. The results confirm that extraordinary orbital magnetic effects can arise in linear transition metal complexes in which orbital degeneracies are not broken by Jahn-Teller or Renner-Teller distortions.
Effect of Amiodarone on Release of Cytokines from Mouse Alveolar Macrophages Pretreated with Eicosapentaenoic Acid (1995)

I studied the effect of amiodarone, a cationic amphiphilic drug, on the cytokine release and protein kinase C (PKC) activity of mouse alveolar macrophages. In addition, I examined the relationship between amiodarone and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) with respect to the cytokine release. The decrease in cell number caused by amiodarone was depressed by pretreatment of the macrophages with EPA for 2 days and co-treatment for 1 day. These changes reflected the potency of EPA to protect against the cell injury elicited by amiodarone. As regards to the cytokine release, amiodarone caused an increase in interleukin (IL)-1 alpha, IL-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha release from macrophages. As EPA suppressed this increase in cytokine levels, I considered that the protective effect of EPA may be extended to the acute release of cytokines. PKC activity was increased by amiodarone, and this increase was depressed by EPA. These changes were well-related to the results on cytokine levels in this study, indicating that amiodarone firstly activated PKC, leading to the stimulation of release of cytokines and that pretreatment with EPA prevented these effects. I conclude that mouse alveolar macrophages treated with amiodarone show activated release of cytokines and that EPA depresses these increases, thereby demonstrating EPA's anti-inflammatory effect and protective action against injury of alveolar macrophages.
Subcritical Water Extraction of Chestnut Bark and Optimization of Process Parameters (2020)

The aim of the work was the optimization of the subcritical water extraction process of chestnut bark using Box-Behnken response surface methodology. The influence of process parameters, such as temperature, extraction time and solvent-solid ratio, on extraction yield, yield of the main compounds, total phenol content, total tannin content and antioxidant activity has been investigated. The identified compounds were ellagic and gallic acids, ellagitannins (vescalagin, castalagin, 1-<i>o</i>-galloyl castalagin, vescalin and castalin), sugars (maltose, glucose, fructose and arabinose) and sugar derivatives (5-HMF, furfural and levulinic acid). Finally, the optimal process conditions for obtaining the bark extract highly rich in ellagic acid and with satisfactory levels of total phenols and total tannins have been determined.
A mobile agent-based system for dynamic task allocation in clusters of embedded smart cameras (2005)

This paper presents a dynamic task allocation method for smart cameras targeting traffic surveillance. Since our target platforms are distributed embedded systems with limited resources, the task allocation has to be light-weight, flexible as well as scalable and has to support real-time requirements. Therefore, surveillance tasks are not allocated to smart cameras directly, but to groups of smart cameras, so called surveillance clusters. We formulate the allocation problem as a distributed constraint satisfaction problem (DCSP) and present a distributed method for finding feasible allocations. Finally, a cost function is used to determine the optimal allocation of tasks. We have realized this dynamic task allocation using heterogeneous, mobile agents, which utilize their agencies and our embedded software framework to find the most appropriate mapping of tasks in a distributed manner. The dynamic task allocation has been implemented on our smart cameras (SmartCam), which are comprised of a network processor and several digital signal processors (DSPs) and provide a complex software framework.
Morphometric Studies on the Rat Renal Papilla of Resistant and Sensitive Strains in Partial Nephrectomy Salt Hypertension (1984)

The renomedullary interstitial cell (RIC) was studied morphometrically in the partial nephrectomy-salt (Chanutin-Ferris) model of hypertension. The RIC were compared in four strains of rat, two of them being resistant to the induction of this form of hypertension and two of them being sensitive. The Dahl salt-resistant (R/JR) rat was compared to a commercial Sprague-Dawley (SD) strain, and a Wistar derived strain discovered in Belgrade by Susic and Kentera (WB) was compared to a commercial Wistar strain (W). In both studies, resistance and sensitivity correlated well with the state of the RIC before the experimental procedure, the resistant strain having more numerous and better granulated RIC than the sensitive strain. It may therefore be possible to predict salt-resistance or sensitivity in rats by morphological examination of the RIC. Journal of Hypertension 2:419-425, 1984
Analysis of Online Secondary-Path Modeling With Auxiliary Noise Scaled by Residual Noise Signal (2010)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Online secondary-path modeling of active noise control (ANC) systems may be effectively implemented by injecting an auxiliary white noise whose magnitude is scaled by a function of residual noise signal. In this paper, a filtered-X LMS (FXLMS) based narrowband ANC system is analyzed, whose online secondary-path modeling is based on the use of an auxiliary white noise scaled by one-sample-delayed residual noise signal. Difference equations governing the dynamics of the entire system and closed-form expressions for steady-state mean-square errors (MSE) as well as the residual noise power are derived and discussed in detail. Extensive simulations are conducted to confirm the validity of the analytical findings. </para>
SEMANTIC INTERPRETATION OF THE CIE 2017 COLOUR FIDELITY INDEX (2019)

The CIE 2017 Colour Fidelity Index (Rf) was defined as a scientifically accurate measure of colour fidelity with respect to a reference illuminant. The present paper deals with the interpretation of the different Rf values on its numeric scale in terms of categories based on a psychophysical experiment. The question is which specific Rf value corresponds to a "very good" or a "good" visual colour fidelity impression. The "good" Rf level represents a psychophysically relevant user acceptance criterion to design a spectrum for e.g. a working environment in which colour fidelity is still an important colour rendition aspect.
Теоретические и экспериментальные исследования вольт-амперных и вольт-фарадных характеристик HEMT структур и полевых транзисторов (2016)

Проведены исследования чувствительности параметров классических n + /n - GaAs и AlGaN/GaN структур с двумерным электронным газом (НЕМТ) и полевых транзисторов на их основе к gamma-нейтронному воздействию. Определены уровни их радиационной стойкости. Развит метод экспериментального исследования структур на основе дифференциального анализа вольт-фарадных характеристик, позволяющий определять слои структуры, в которых накапливаются радиационные дефекты. Впервые предложена методика, позволяющая учесть изменение площади обкладок измеряемой емкости барьерного контакта, связанной с возникновением кластеров радиационных дефектов, формирующих диэлектрические включения в слое двумерного электронного газа.
Decentration, Tilt and Anterior Chamber Depth: Aspheric vs Spheric Acrylic Intraocular Lens (2009)

, 1 1 2 1 , 2 : AcrySof IQ IOL (SN60WF) AcrySof Natural IOL (SN60AT) , . : AcrySof IQ IOL 22(26) AcrySof Natural IOL 26(31) . 5 mm . 1, 30, 60 (EAS-1000, Nidek, Japan) , . : 1(p=0.05), 30(p=0.09), 60(p=0.06) . 1(p=0.000053), 30(p=0.018) , 60 (p=0.05). AcrySof IQ IOL AcrySof Natural IOL , 1(p=0.10), 30(p=0.07), 60(p=0.06)
Optimizations of Spray Drying Process Parameters for Liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn.) Extract (2018)

The objective of this work was to study the effect of spray drying process parameters on the physicochemical properties of liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) extract. The stickiness and hygroscopicity are problems associated with spray drying process. To overcome these problems drying agents are used. Dextrose equivalent (DE12 and DE19) and maltodextrin are reported as drying agents in preparation of liquorice extract by spray drying method1. In present work, aerosil was used as spray drying agents. The inlet air temperatures, Feed flow rate and aerosil concentrations were considered as independent variables. Moisture content, % yield, bulk density, acidity and pH, hygroscopicity, time required for solubilization were analyzed to determine the effects of spray drying processing parameters. Increases in inlet air temperature were caused an increase in yield, solubility and a decrease in moisture content, bulk density, hygroscopicity. Increases in aerosil concentration caused an increase in yield and a decrease in moisture content, bulk density, hygroscopicity, time required for solubilization.
Beneficial effects of combinatorial micronutrition on body fat and atherosclerosis in mice (2011)

Our data indicate beneficial effects of a combination of micronutritients on body weight gain, hypertriglyceridaemia, liver steatosis, and atherosclerosis in mice, and thus our findings suggest a novel cost-effective combinatorial micronutrient-based strategy worthy of being tested in humans.
High Magnetic Field Observation of the Resonance Donor States of S in InSb (1981)

Abstract Electrical transport measurements in InSb heavily doped with sulfur ( n ≈ 5 × 10 18 cm −3 ) are performed. At T = 4.2 K the Hall coefficient and transverse magnetoresistivity are measured as a function of pressure up to 2100 MPa and magnetic field up to 18 T. At the highest pressure, a decrease of the frequency and a decrease of the damping of Shubnikov‐de Haas oscillations are observed. These effects are explained as a result of the transfer of electrons from the conduction band to the resonance states of sulfur. At atmospheric pressure these states are 0.55 eV above the bottom of conduction band. In the lower pressure range, the experimental dependence of the effective Dingle temperature T D* = T D + T i can be explained by the model in which the scattering by ionized impurities and short‐range potentials are taken into account. At the highest pressures a change of inhomogeneity of carrier concentration due to the transfer of electrons to the resonance states has to be considered.