gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Small feature accuracy challenge for CD-SEM metrology physical model solution (2006)

Downscaling of semiconductor fabrication technology requires continuous improvements in production process control. To ensure tool-to-tool matching and compatibility of critical dimension-scanning electron microscopy (CD-SEM) measurements to measurements from other technologies, such as optical CD, or from other fabrication entities, accuracy has become a much more important factor than in the past. CD-SEM measurements have always yielded a bias, which can be quite significant, but also typically neglected since it does not vary much over a process window. However, the standard CD-SEM metrology approach to algorithm accuracy (which can be formulated "Accuracy= Precision + Calibration") does not work for small features; i.e., the measurement bias is not constant for small features. Limitations of the standard measurement algorithm, based on the treatment of the singular point of the waveform for CDs smaller than 30 nm and the new model library-based approach, were considered. The implementation of reliable measurement algorithms for features at the 45 nm node and beyond requires development of more sophisticated approaches to SEM signal treatment. A three-dimensional (3-D) physical model that takes into account physical processes related to the beam interaction with material is considered. Reliability of the new approach is verified using Monte-Carlo SEM simulation and real SEM images as compared to reference measurements; total measurement uncertainty (TMU) is improved with the better models. The relation of the developed method to the standard SEM measurement algorithm and model-based approach is also considered.
Novel platinum(ii) ammine hydroxamate and hydroximate complexes and the platinum-assisted hydrolysis of hydroxamic acids (2005)

The 2-pyridinecarboxylate (2-pyca) platinum(IV) complex [2-pycaH2][PtCl4(2-pyca)].H2O, 1, has been synthesised from K2[PtCl4] following the hydrolysis of 2-pyridinehydroxamic acid (2-pyhaH) in the presence of H2O2, and directly from K2[PtCl6] and picolinic acid. Structural characterisation of 1 reveals octahedral geometry about platinum(IV) consisting of a (N,O)-bidentate pyridinecarboxylate ligand and four chloride ligands. A mechanism for the hydrolysis of 2-pyridinehydroxamic acid to 2-pyridinecarboxylic acid is proposed. Two novel coordination modes of hydroxamic acids to platinum(II) are also reported. The dinuclear platinum ammine hydroximato complex, [{cis-Pt(NH3)2}2(mu-2-pyhaH(-1))](ClO4)2.H2O, 3, has been synthesised where the two platinum(II) centres are bridged via(O,O) and (N,N) coordination. The latter coordination mode is via the hydroximate nitrogen and the pyridine nitrogen. The corresponding mononuclear platinum(II) pyridinehydroxamate complex, [cis-Pt(NH3)2(2-pyha)]ClO4, 4, has been synthesised. Spectroscopic studies indicate that the coordination mode is through the pyridine nitrogen and hydroxamate oxygen atoms (N,O).
Multivalent Molecular Recognition on the Surface of Bilayer Vesicles (2017)

Multivalency is a key principle in the properties and interactions of vesicles. On the basis of selected examples from the recent literature, we will show how multivalency can be used to induce selective interaction (“recognition”) between vesicles. Furthermore, we will discuss biomimetic vesicles that either act as a multivalent platform or serve as a versatile model system for biological membrane fusion. Finally, we will describe a number of examples of supramolecular materials based on multivalent interactions of vesicles.
Urban Street Cleanliness Assessment Using Mobile Edge Computing and Deep Learning (2019)

During the process of smart city construction, city managers always spend a lot of energy and money for cleaning street garbage due to the random appearances of street garbage. Consequently, visual street cleanliness assessment is particularly important. However, the existing assessment approaches have some clear disadvantages, such as the collection of street garbage information is not automated and street cleanliness information is not real-time. To address these disadvantages, this paper proposes a novel urban street cleanliness assessment approach using mobile edge computing and deep learning. First, the high-resolution cameras installed on vehicles collect the street images. Mobile edge servers are used to store and extract street image information temporarily. Second, these processed street data is transmitted to the cloud data center for analysis through city networks. At the same time, Faster Region-Convolutional Neural Network (Faster R-CNN) is used to identify the street garbage categories and count the number of garbage. Finally, the results are incorporated into the street cleanliness calculation framework to ultimately visualize the street cleanliness levels, which provides convenience for city managers to arrange clean-up personnel effectively. The overall approach is illustrated and visualized using the street images of Jiangning District in Nanjing, China. The practical application shows the feasibility and usability of the approach.
Table S2 from Phase II Single-arm Study of Durvalumab and Tremelimumab with Concurrent Radiotherapy in Patients with Mismatch Repair–proficient Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Treatment-related adverse events&lt;/p&gt;
The ageing bowel and intolerance to aspirin (2003)

Aspirin has a role in the prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, Alzheimer's dementia and several cancers. Encouraging all 50 year olds to take low-dose aspirin doubles their chances of living a healthy life into their nineties. The widespread use of aspirin, however, is limited as many older subjects are currently unable to take aspirin because of gastrointestinal side-effects. This review explores why gastrointestinal events occur with aspirin use and how a net benefit from prophylactic aspirin might be achieved in older subjects. It is suggested that, by understanding the age-related changes in upper gastrointestinal physiology and the mechanisms by which aspirin leads to the risk reductions associated with its use, it may be possible to direct interventions to improve tolerability in older subjects. This would allow greater numbers of older subjects to gain the benefits associated with aspirin use.
Characteristics of 5G wireless millimeter wave propagation: Transformation of rain attenuation applying different prediction models (2016)

The performance of rain rate and rain attenuation prediction models are vital for planning wireless networks consisting of millimeter wave links. As several different prediction models exist in literature we give a comparison of the performance of the most applied ones. Moreover, we introduce methods for transforming rain attenuation between different millimeter wave links based on the investigated prediction models. This transformation enables the exploitation of long-range link measurements to effectively plan networks comprised of short-range millimeter wave links (like 5G mesh networks). We identify the most suitable rain attenuation prediction model and verify the proposed transformation model with the ITU-P.530-15 model on long-term statistics. The purpose of this paper is to investigate different rain attenuation prediction models for terrestrial links and to find a suitable prediction method to perform a transformation of rain attenuation on millimeter wave links with different physical parameters (length, frequency, and polarization).
Fatigue Improvement by Sleeve Cold Working (1973)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The sleeve cold-working process for fastener holes is a process that uses a tapered mandrel in conjunction with a disposable, prelubricated split sleeve to compressively prestress a significant zone around a fastener hole. This compressive prestressing offsets the stress concentration of the hole itself to produce substantial improvements in structural fatigue performance of fastened joints. The sleeve method allows higher degrees of prestressing than are possible with other methods and does not require precision controls and skills germane to other fatigue-rated hole preparation/fastener systems.&lt;/div&gt;
Phantom: an interpreted language for distributed programming (1995)

The emerging trend in writing distributed applications is to use an object-based RPC system with a statically compiled, object-oriented language. While such a programming environment is adequate for many tasks, object-based RPC systems and statically compiled languages also have certain intrinsic limitations. These limitations become significant when writing applications which are both distributed and interactive (e.g. network information browsers, distributed conferencing systems and collaborative work tools). This paper discusses these limitations, and presents the design of Phantom, a new intepreted language for distributed programming. Phantom provides many features found in object-based RPC systems and statically compiled languages, including automatic marshalling, transparent remote procedure call, secure authentication and concurrency support. In addition to these traditional features, Phantom&amp;apos;s interpreted nature permits the use of certain programming techniques, such as true o...
Effect of myasthenia gravis on the surgical outcomes of patients with thymoma (2022)

The incidence of postoperative complications did not differ between patients with thymoma and without MG. In the MG group, age ≥60 years was a poor prognostic factor for OS. The postoperative follow-up of patients aged ≥60 years with thymoma with MG should focus on not only recurrence but also progression of diseases other than thymoma.
Metal-Free sp2 and sp3 C-H Functionalization/C-O Bond Forming Reaction (2013)

Hypervalent iodine (III) reagents have been employed as mild oxidants in a variety of C-X bondforming reactions. However, superstoichiometric amounts of iodine (III) reagents are typically employed, thus generating equimolar amounts of undesired aryl iodides. In 2005, the Ochiai and Kita groups independently reported a catalytic process involving in situ oxidation of iodoarenes by using meta-chloroperbenzoic acid (m-CPBA). Since then, this concept has been extensively used for the synthesis of a variety of organic molecules. We herein report our preliminary results on an economical approach to benzolactones from simple benzoic acids via metal-free, aryl iodide-catalized C-O bond formation initiated by Csp2-H and Csp3-H functionalization.
Simultaneous pharmacokinetics of benorylate in plasma and synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. (1975)

Twenty patients with definite or classical rheumatoid arthritis and chronic knee effusions were each given an oral dose of 4 g benorylate as the 40% suspension. Synovial fluid and plasma samples were obtained up to 9 hours after drug administration and assayed for their salicylate and benorylate content. A mean peak benorylate plasma level of 2.18 +/- 0.19 mug/ml occurred 30 min after drug administration but declined rapidly and benorylate was virtually undetectable in the plasma 90 min later. The mean peak benorylate synovial fluid level of 0.74 +/- 0.21 mug/ml occurred 3 hours after drug administration but the concentration remained steady for at least a further 9 hours. A mean peak plasma salicylate level of 119 +/- 14.2 mug/ml and mean peak synovial fluid salicylate level of 78 +/- 13.6 mug/ml occurred 3 hours after benorylate administration. Both levels declined slowly over some hours. This study shows that benorylate per se readily enters the synovial fluid in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and continues to accumulate there even when undetectable in the plasma. It is possible that the lipophilic nature of the benorylate molecule facilitates its uptake by the inflamed synovial tissue.
Handbook of Arabian Medicinal Plants (1994)

The Handbook of Arabian Medicinal Plants is the first illustrated reference on the uses of plants in the Arabian Peninsula. It documents and preserves the existing knowledge in a region where social patterns are rapidly changing. The book emphasizes the need for preserving social and cultural patterns.
Study on the usage feasibility of continuous-wave radar for emotion recognition (2020)

Non-contact vital signs monitoring has a wide range of applications, such as in safe drive and in health care. In mental health care, the use of non-invasive signs holds a great potential, as it would likely enhance the patient's adherence to the use of objective measures to assess their emotional experiences, hence allowing for more individualized and efficient diagnoses and treatment. In order to evaluate the possibility of emotion recognition using a non-contact system for vital signs monitoring, we herein present a continuous wave radar based on the respiratory signal acquisition. An experimental set up was designed to acquire the respiratory signal while participants were watching videos that elicited different emotions (fear, happiness and a neutral condition). Signal was registered using a radar-based system and a standard certified equipment. The experiment was conducted to validate the system at two levels: the signal acquisition and the emotion recognition levels. Vital sign was analysed and the three emotions were identified using different classification algorithms. Furthermore, the classifier performance was compared, having in mind the signal acquired by both systems. Three different classification algorithms were used: the support-vector machine, K-nearest neighbour and the Random Forest. The achieved accuracy rates, for the three-emotion classification, were within 60% and 70%, which indicates that it is indeed possible to evaluate the emotional state of an individual using vital signs detected remotely.
Isolation and characterization of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe rhp9 gene: a gene required for the DNA damage checkpoint but not the replication checkpoint (1997)

Checkpoint controls exist in eukaryotic cells to ensure that cells do not enter mitosis in the presence of DNA damage or unreplicated chromosomes. In Schizosaccharomyces pombe many of the checkpoint genes analysed to date are required for both the DNA damage and the replication checkpoints, an exception being chk1 . We report here on the characterization of nine new methylmethane sulphonate (MMS)-sensitive S.pombe mutants, one of which is defective in the DNA damage checkpoint but not the replication checkpoint. We have cloned and sequenced the corresponding gene. The predicted protein is most similar to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rad9 protein, having 46% similarity and 26% identity. The S.pombe protein, which we have named Rhp9 (Rad9 homologue in S. pombe) on the basis of structural and phenotypic similarity, also contains motifs present in BRCA1 and 53BP1. Deletion of the gene is not lethal and results in a DNA damage checkpoint defect. Epistasis analysis with other S.pombe checkpoint mutants indicates that rhp9 acts in a process involving the checkpoint rad genes and that the rhp9 mutant is phenotypically very similar to chk1.
Static compression and equation of state of CaO to 1.35 Mbar (1988)

The room temperature static compression of CaO has been measured in a diamond anvil cell to 1.35 Mbar. The compression of the Bl phase and the volume change at the Bl to B2 transition agree with previous diamond cell results. The B2 phase has been observed down to 527 kbar and seems slightly more compressible at room temperature than deduced from shock wave experiments. Eulerian as well as semiempirical equations of state account well for the data and yield similar bulk moduli for both phases as a function of pressure. Equation‐of‐state parameters are K o = 1.11 ± 0.01 and 1.3 ± 0.2 Mbar and K o ′ = 4.2 ± 0.2 and 3.5 ± 0.5 for the Bl and B2 phases, respectively, and V o = 14.8 ± 0.2 cm 3 /mol for the B2 phase. For a pressure of 550 kbar, at which no data extrapolations are required, one finds K = 3.04 and 2.96 Mbar with K ′ values of about 3.0 and 2.5 for the Bl and B2 phases, respectively. Recent theoretical structure calculations predict room temperature compressions in fair agreement with the static results.
The noise clinic: A universal blind denoising algorithm (2014)

Most papers on denoising methods assume a white Gaussian noise model. Yet in most images handled by the public or by scientific users, the noise model is unknown and is not white, because of the various processes applied to the image before it reaches the user: scanning, demosaicing, compression, de-convolution, etc. To cope with this wide ranging problem, we propose a blind multiscale denoising algorithm working for noise which is simultaneously signal and frequency dependent. On noisy images coming from diverse sources (JPEG, scans of old photographs, ...) we show perceptually convincing results. This algorithm is compared to the state-of-the-art and it is also validated on images with white noise.
APPLICATIONS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY TO CITRUS IMPROVEMENT IN SPAIN (2004)

Citrus are subject to many biotic and abiotic stresses and markets are continuously requiring fruits of higher quality. These pose important problems in most citrus growing areas that can only be solved with the establishment of citrus improvement programs to recover new and healthy genotypes to be used as rootstocks and varieties. Success of traditional citrus breeding strategies is limited by the peculiar genetic and reproductive characteristics of citrus. Biotechnology offers different approaches that can overcome many of these limitations. In this paper the following technologies used in Spain are reviewed: a) Shoot tip grafting in vitro. It is used worldwide to recover plants free of all known citrus pathogens, and already hundreds of millions of trees originated in this technique have been planted in the field; b) Embryo rescue. It is used in large programs to recover triploid seedless hybrid varieties from aborted seeds from 2n x 4n and 2n x 2n crosses; c) Protoplast fusion. It allows the production of allotetraploid hybrids among sexually compatible and incompatible parents to be used as rootstocks or as parentals for interploid breeding. Fusions between diploid and haploid cell lines are also used to produce triploid hybrids. d) Genetic transformation. Efficient protocols for transformation of several genotypes have been developed and introduction in citrus of genes of potential agronomical interest has been accomplished.
Dual relationships of xylitol and alcohol dehydrogenases in families of two protein types (1993)

Xylitol dehydrogenase encoded by gene XYL2 from Pichia stipitis is a member of the medium-chain alcohol dehydrogenase family, as evidenced by the domain organization and a distant homology (24% residue identity with the human class I gamma 1 alcohol dehydrogenase). Much of a loop structure is missing, like in mammalian sorbitol and prokaryotic threonine dehydrogenases, many additional differences occur, and relationships are closest with the sorbitol dehydrogenase, the equivalence of which in P. stipitis may actually be the xylitol dehydrogenase. A second P. stipitis gene, also cloned and corresponding to a xylitol dehydrogenase, is highly different from XYL2, but encodes an enzyme with structural properties typical of the short-chain dehydrogenase family, which also contains an alcohol dehydrogenase (from Drosophila). Thus, yeast xylitol dehydrogenases, like alcohol and polyol dehydrogenases from other sources, have dual derivations, combining similar enzyme activities in separate protein families. In contrast to the situation with the other enzymes, both forms of xylitol dehydrogenase are present in one organism.
A comparison of several strategies for iteratively decoding serially concatenated convolutional codes in multipath Rayleigh fading environment (2002)

We investigate two iterative methods for decoding serially concatenated convolutional codes (SCCC) on multipath Rayleigh fading channels. One method employs optimal maximum a posterior (MAP) decoders or sub-optimum versions. The second slightly differs and is based on a soft-in soft-out (SISO) parallel decision-feedback decoder (PDFD), used for iteratively performing joint equalization and inner decoding together with outer decoding. Simulation results show that the first iterative process is only 0.7 dB better than the second one, which is however far less complex.
Effect of nicotine on placental ischemia-induced complement activation and hypertension in the rat (2017)

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific condition manifested by new-onset maternal hypertension with systemic inflammation, including increased innate immune system complement activation. While exact pathophysiology is unknown, evidence suggests that inadequate spiral artery invasion and resulting utero-placental insufficiency is the initiating event. Cigarette smoking during pregnancy decreases the risk of preeclampsia. Nicotine, a major component of cigarettes, stimulates the efferent cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway through peripherally expressed nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) and is known to attenuate ischemia-reperfusion injury in kidney and liver. Prior studies indicated that complement activation was critical for placental ischemia-induced hypertension in a rat model. Thus, it was hypothesized here that nicotine was responsible for the protective effect of cigarette smoking in preeclampsia and would attenuate placental ischemia-induced systemic complement activation and hypertension. The Reduced Utero-placental Perfusion Pressure (RUPP) model in the pregnant rat was employed to induce placental ischemia, resulting in complement activation, fetal resorptions, and hypertension. On gestation day (GD)14, nicotine (1 mg/kg) or saline was administered via subcutaneous injection prior to RUPP surgery and daily through GD18. On GD19, placental ischemia significantly increased mean arterial pressure (MAP) in saline injected animals. However, the placental ischemia-induced increase in blood pressure was not evident in nicotine-treated animals and nicotine treatment significantly increased MAP variability. Circulating C3a was measured as an indicator of complement activation and increased C3a in RUPP compared to Sham persisted with nicotine treatment, as did fetal resorptions. These data suggested to us that nicotine may contribute to the decreased risk of preeclampsia with cigarette smoking, but this protective effect was confounded by additional effects of nicotine on the cardiovascular system.
Abstract 81 (2013)

AMERICAN SOCIETY OF PLASTIC SURGEONS PLASTIC & RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY PRS GLOBAL OPEN ASPS EDUCATION NETWORK AMERICAN SOCIETY OF PLASTIC SURGEONS PLASTIC & RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY PRS GLOBAL OPEN ASPS EDUCATION NETWORK
State of the Art on 3D Reconstruction with RGB‐D Cameras (2018)

Abstract The advent of affordable consumer grade RGB‐D cameras has brought about a profound advancement of visual scene reconstruction methods. Both computer graphics and computer vision researchers spend significant effort to develop entirely new algorithms to capture comprehensive shape models of static and dynamic scenes with RGB‐D cameras. This led to significant advances of the state of the art along several dimensions. Some methods achieve very high reconstruction detail, despite limited sensor resolution. Others even achieve real‐time performance, yet possibly at lower quality. New concepts were developed to capture scenes at larger spatial and temporal extent. Other recent algorithms flank shape reconstruction with concurrent material and lighting estimation, even in general scenes and unconstrained conditions. In this state‐of‐the‐art report, we analyze these recent developments in RGB‐D scene reconstruction in detail and review essential related work. We explain, compare, and critically analyze the common underlying algorithmic concepts that enabled these recent advancements. Furthermore, we show how algorithms are designed to best exploit the benefits of RGB‐D data while suppressing their often non‐trivial data distortions. In addition, this report identifies and discusses important open research questions and suggests relevant directions for future work.