gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Implant Surfaces and Interface Processes (1999)

The past decades and current R&D of biomaterials and medical implants show some general trends. One major trend is an increased degree of functionalization of the material surface, better to meet the demands of the biological host system. While the biomaterials of the past and those in current use are essentially bulk materials (metals, ceramics, polymers) or special compounds (bioglasses), possibly with some additional coating (e.g., hydroxyapatite), the current R&D on surface modifications points toward much more complex and multifunctional surfaces for the future. Such surface modifications can be divided into three classes, one aiming toward an optimized three-dimensional physical microarchitecture of the surface (pore size distributions, "roughness", etc.), the second one focusing on the (bio) chemical properties of surface coatings and impregnations (ion release, multi-layer coatings, coatings with biomolecules, controlled drug release, etc.), and the third one dealing with the viscoelastic properties (or more generally the micromechanical properties) of material surfaces. These properties are expected to affect the interfacial processes cooperatively, i.e., there are likely synergistic effects between and among them: The surface is "recognized" by the biological system through the combined chemical and topographic pattern of the surface, and the viscoelastic properties. In this presentation, the development indicated above is discussed briefly, and current R&D in this area is illustrated with a number of examples from our own research. The latter include micro- and nanofabrication of surface patterns and topographies by the use of laser machining, photolithographic techniques, and electron beam and colloidal lithographies to produce controlled structures on implant surfaces in the size range 10 nm to 100 microns. Examples of biochemical modifications include mono- or lipid membranes and protein coatings on different surfaces. A new method to evaluate, e.g., biomaterial-protein and biomaterial-cell interactions--the Quartz Crystal Microbalance--is described briefly.
Optimal partitioning for classification and regression trees (1991)

An iterative algorithm that finds a locally optimal partition for an arbitrary loss function, in time linear in N for each iteration is presented. The algorithm is a K-means-like clustering algorithm that uses as its distance measure a generalization of Kullback's information divergence. Moreover, it is proven that the globally optimal partition must satisfy a nearest neighbour condition using divergence as the distance measure. These results generalize similar results of L. Breiman et al. (1984) to an arbitrary number of classes or regression variables and to an arbitrary number of bills. Experimental results on a text-to-speech example are provided and additional applications of the algorithm, including the design of variable combinations, surrogate splits, composite nodes, and decision graphs, are suggested.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and GC‐EIMS Analyses of Optically Pure 3‐Hydroxy‐2‐azetidinones Having N‐Sulfonamide Drugs Side Chain. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Surgical Management of Rectourinary Fistulae (2000)

aDepartment of Urology (Shin, Steers), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA bDepartment of General Surgery (Foley), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA FACS *Correspondence address: William D Steers, MD, Department of Urology, University of Virginia Health System, PO Box 800422, Charlottesville, VA 22908 No competing interests declared.
INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS (1993)

As the New York-New Jersey Metropolitan area enters the twenty-first century it needs to find ways to get more from its existing transportation infrastructure if it is to remain a leading metropolitan center of the world. This research focuses on this region's needs and opportunities for Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). The objective of the research is to enable the New York-New Jersey Metropolitan region to make intelligent use of its vast multi-modal infrastructure. It assembles the current knowledge on ITS for each of the region's modes of transportation and prepares a qualitative regional plan for ITS. Finally, it quantifies the macro-scale opportunities for ITS and develops methodologies for quantifying the measures of effectiveness for ITS projects. While other ITS efforts have been largely oriented toward automobiles, the transportation system in the New York-New Jersey region is truly multi-modal and inter-modal in nature. Each transportation mode provides significant contributions to this region's transportation infrastructure by itself and in combination with other modes. Therefore, within the context of this region, it is important that this distinctive multi-modal characteristic be exploited.
Redução da dose e do volume de calda nas aplicações noturnas de herbicidas em pós-emergência na cultura de soja (1998)

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de reduções da dose e do volume de calda nas aplicações noturnas de herbicidas em pós-emergência sobre o controle de plantas daninhas e a seletividade para a cultura da soja. Dois experimentos foram conduzidos na Fazenda de Ensino e Pesquisa da FCAV/UNESP - Campus de Jaboticabal, durante os anos agrícolas de 94/95 e 95/96. As aplicações foram realizadas às 5, 9, 14, 17 e 22h e o volume de calda de 300 l/ha foi reduzido para 75 e 150l/ha. No primeiro experimento foram aplicadas as doses de 432 g de bentazon/ha e 90 g de lactofen/ha, correspondentes a 60% das recomendações de rótulo desses herbicidas, e no segundo, 60 g lactofen/ha e 157,5 g de fomesafen/ha + 2 % de adjuvante (v/v), correspondentes a 40% e 70% das recomendações. Também foram incluídos nos experimentos tratamentos com as recomendações dos rótulos e testemunhas com e sem capina das plantas daninhas durante todo o ciclo da cultura. As aplicações noturnas, realizadas às 5 e 22h, favoreceram significativamente a ação do lactofen com 60% da dose recomendada e desfavoreceram a do fomesafen no controle das plantas daninhas. Não ocorreram diferenças significativas entre os volumes de aplicação estudados, possibilitando o uso de 75 ou 150 l de calda/ha aplicados nos horários mais favoráveis a cada um dos herbicidas. A maior eficiência das aplicações dos herbicidas bentazon, lactofen e fomesafen depende, além das condições ambientais favoráveis no período noturno, das interações específicas entre os herbicidas e as plantas daninhas.
Ultrasonic Imaging in Solids Using Wave Mode Beamforming (2016)

This paper discusses some improvements to ultrasonic synthetic imaging in solids with primary applications to nondestructive testing of materials and structures. Specifically, the study proposes new adaptive weights applied to the beamforming array that are based on the physics of the propagating waves, specifically the displacement structure of the propagating longitudinal (L) mode and shear (S) mode that are naturally coexisting in a solid. The wave mode structures can be combined with the wave geometrical spreading to better filter the array (in a matched filter approach) and improve its focusing ability compared to static array weights. This paper also proposes compounding, or summing, images obtained from the different wave modes to further improve the array gain without increasing its physical aperture. The wave mode compounding can be performed either incoherently or coherently, in analogy with compounding multiple frequencies or multiple excitations. Numerical simulations and experimental testing demonstrate the potential improvements obtainable by the wave structure adaptive weights compared to either static weights in conventional delay-and-sum focusing, or adaptive weights based on geometrical spreading alone in minimum-variance distortionless response focusing.
Child Maltreatment and Clinical Outcome in Individuals at Ultra-High Risk for Psychosis in the EU-GEI High Risk Study (2016)

Our findings suggest that in the UHR stage child maltreatment is a pluripotent risk factor for developing psychosis, depressive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), panic disorder, and social phobia in adulthood.
Scaling Solution and $n$ Dependence of the Eddy-Current Distribution in a Flat Superconductor (2010)

In this paper, we propose an approximate analytical solution of the problem of nonlinear diffusion of the current density in a high-temperature superconducting plate with current transport. It is obtained by the technique of self-similar solution. The construction of this solution highlights a characteristic time of penetration <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Tp</i> whose limit for large <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</i> is the model of Bean. We compare our solution to the ones obtained using COMSOL multiphysics. We study the influence of variation of the magnetic induction on time penetration and the influence of the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</i> factor on time penetration.
Projectile Monte-Carlo Trajectory Analysis Using a Graphics Processing Unit (2011)

Monte Carlo trajectory simulation is a key element in the design and evaluation process for smart weapons development. Graphics processing units (GPU’s) are powerful massively parallel computing devices that are increasingly being used for general purpose computing. This paper explores the use of graphics processing units for Monte Carlo trajectory prediction with the goal of accelerating ballistic dispersion analysis. First, an overview of general purpose GPU computing is briefly presented. The six-degree-of-freedom projectile dynamic model is then described, and GPU implementation details are outlined. Runtime performance comparisons are performed between serial Monte Carlo simulations performed on a CPU and parallel simulations performed on a GPU. Results show that for large numbers of trajectories, significant runtime reductions are possible for Monte Carlo simulations performed on the GPU in comparison to simulations performed serially.
Stereocilia displacement induced somatic motility of cochlear outer hair cells. (1993)

Outer hair cells, isolated from mammalian cochleas, are known to respond to electrical stimulation with elongation or contraction of the cell's cylindrical soma. It is assumed that such shape changes, when driven by the cell's receptor potential in vivo, are a part of the feedback process that underlies cochlear amplification. To date it has not been possible to demonstrate somatic shape changes upon normal mechanical stimulation of the cell--i.e., the deflection of its hair bundle. We show here that mechanically induced hair-bundle deflection produces somatic motility of the cell. Such motility is dependent upon a functioning forward transducer process and disappears upon interference with transduction. The motile response also reflects the hair bundle's known directional sensitivity. This demonstration of mechanically driven motility indicates that the cell may possess capabilities to affect its mechanical environment under control of its own receptor potential and, thereby, participate in a local cochlear feedback process.
Carbohydrates, polyphenols, and lignin in seed hulls of different colors from turnip rapeseed (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCarbohydrates, polyphenols, and lignin in seed hulls of different colors from turnip rapeseedOlof Theander, Per Aman, Gerhard E. Miksche, and Seiichi YasudaCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1977, 25, 2, 270–273Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60210a042https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60210a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views316Altmetric-Citations64LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Lung nodule segmentation using deep learned prior based graph cut (2017)

We propose an automated framework for lung nodule segmentation from pulmonary CT scan using graph cut with a deep learned prior. The segmentation problem is formulated as a hybrid cost function minimization task, which combines a domain specific data term with a deep learned probability map. The proposed segmentation framework embodies the robustness of deep learning in object localization, while retaining the hallmark of traditional segmentation models in addressing the morphological intricacies of elaborate objects. The proposed solution offers more than 20% performance improvement over a contemporary data driven model, and also outperforms traditional graph cuts especially in situations where model initialization is slightly inaccurate.
Thermally Induced Bi(III) Lone Pair Stereoactivity: Ferroelectric Phase Transition and Semiconducting Properties of (MV)BiBr5 (MV= methylviologen) (2009)

International audience
On the effect of paper plasticity in calenders (2014)

Abstract The manufacturing process of paper machines consists of several steps to produce high quality papers. This is done by sequentially lined‐up machines including the head box, the drying sections, the finishing part and the wrapping systems. In the finishing part, the rollers of the paper calender compress the fibrous material involving viscoelastic and plastic deformations. Modern calenders are composed of several roller pairs, each consisting of a soft and a hard roller. The homogenization of the paper density and the refinement of the paper surface is achieved by the compression in the roller pairs. While very high values for the plastic strain occur in the first roller pair, the plastification decreases for the subsequent pairs. Therefore, the force distribution and the occurring vibrations can deviate significantly between the roller pairs. Two main vibration problems are observed in paper calenders caused by the contact and the orthotropic behavior of the paper: wear‐induced corrugation on the surface of the soft rollers and sudden instabilities going along with high vibration amplitudes. In this paper the main focus is placed on a simplified modeling of the paper plastification during the calendering process. The restoring forces are non‐smooth due to the plasticity and additional considerations have to be included for the derivation of the stability problem.
POPULATION DISTRIBUTION OF FRANK-VECTORCARDIOGRAPHIC MEASUREMENTS OF HEALTHY JAPANESE MEN (1975)

For elucidation of the type of population distribution of Frank-vectorcardiographic items of normal Japanese population, forty-eight measurements were obtained from 364 healthy Japanese men in the fourth decade. These measurements were studied with Fisher's g test of normality of population distribution, which showed that normal population distribution could be assumed in only six items (12.5%)-the maximal QRS vector angle and the directional QRS-T angle in the frontal plane, RX and TZ height, OZ duration, and anteorior accession time. The frontal maximal T vector angle was regarded to have an approximately normal population distribution. In the remaining forty-one items logarithmic normalization of distribution was attempted with a transformation formula, Y=Log10 (kX+c). Being applied to Y's, the variate logarithm-transformed with an appropriate value of c, Fisher's g test accepted the null hypothesis of normality of population distribution in 27 items (56.3%); in other words, the population distribution of 27 items was lognormal. These included the magnitudes of maximal QRS and T vectors and T/QRS ratios in the three projection planes, and some of vector angles. The population distribution was usually lognormal in scalar amplitudes and ratios except for items related to Q and S waves in leads X and Y. Bimodality of distribution was seen in six items (12.5%), which consisted of the maximal QRS vector angle and the QRS-T angles in the horizontal and left sagittal planes. In these planes the maximal QRS vector and the directional QRS-T angles showed biomodality attributed to combination of two normal distributions. Three of the four QRS-T angles in these planes and also the horizontal maximal QRS vector angle were lognormalized, although a lesser degree of bimodality still remained after seemingly successful logarithmic transformation in respect to the tg statistics. Chi-square test accepted the null hypothesis of exponential population distribution in four items (8.4%), which included the depth of QX, SX, and SY, and S/(S+R) ratio in lead Y. Exponential approximation appeared much better than normal one in the rest of measurements related to Q and S waves in leads X and Y. The following conclusions were drawn from the present study: i) statistical tests based on normal population distribution should be carefully applied to Frank-vectorcardiographic measurements of healthy Japanese men in the fourth decade and, presumably, of healthy Japanese adults regardless of age and sex; and ii) logarithmic transformation is an efficient means to normalize a skewed distribution in the majority of measurements.
Power Generation From Four Skeletal Muscle Configurations (1997)

The development of long term cardiac assist devices is currently limited by the lack of an appropriate totally implantable power source. Transformed fatigue resistant skeletal muscle has been proposed as such a power source. The goal of this study was to determine the optimal latissimus dorsi muscle (LDM) configuration capable of obtaining maximum power output. Four separate in situ configurations were prepared: a latex compliance chamber placed between the LDM and chest wall (Sub-Dorsi), a chamber wrapped in a skeletal muscle ventricle (Circular), linear measurements from the thora-columbar origin (Linear Origin), and linear measurements from the humeral insertion (Linear Insertion). A device was designed to measure the power output from each configuration in watts per kilogram of muscle. Eight LDMs were acutely studied at varying levels of pre-load. Performance characteristics were measured in each configuration. Peak power outputs were as follows: Sub-Dorsi: 8.3 ± 1.6 W/kg at 50 cc or 11.6 N pre-load; Circular: 16.4 ± 6.2 W/kg at 50 cc or 16.9 N; Linear Origin: 47.1 ± 4.4 W/kg at 23.4 N; and Linear Insertion generated 59.9 ± 12.1 W/kg at 26 N. Analysis of variance comparison revealed a significance of p < 0.0001. A linear oriented LDM is capable of generating maximal power output. Confirmation of these findings in transformed, conformed, fatigue resistant muscle will provide important performance information essential for the optimal design of implantable muscle powered ventricular assist systems.
Probing the Effect of Binding Site and Metal Centre Variation in Pentadentate Oligopyridylimine‐Bearing Bimetallic (Fe2, Co2, Ni2) Ethylene Oligomerisation Catalysts (2008)

Abstract The symmetrical and unsymmetrical pentaaza 2,6‐oligopyridylimines, 6,6″‐[(2,6‐ i Pr 2 C 6 H 3 )N=CMe] 2 ‐2,2′:6′,2″‐C 15 H 9 N 3 (L1) and 6‐[(2,6‐ i Pr 2 C 6 H 3 )N=CMe]‐2,2′:6′,2″:6″,2″′‐C 20 H 13 N 4 (L2), have been prepared in good yield using a combination of palladium(0)‐mediated cross‐coupling and condensation strategies. Treatment of L1 or L2 with two equivalents of MX 2 in n BuOH at elevated temperatures affords the paramagnetic bimetallic complexes [(L1)M 2 X 4 ] [M = Fe, X = Cl ( 1 ); M = Co, X = Cl ( 2a ); M = Co, X = Br ( 2b ); M = Ni, X = Br ( 3 )] and [(L2)M 2 X 4 ] [M = Fe, X = Cl ( 4 ); M = Co, X = Cl ( 5a ); M = Co, X = Br ( 5b ); M = Ni, X = Br ( 6 )] in high yield, respectively. The molecular structures of 2a along with the acetonitrile adduct of 5b , [ 5b (NCMe)], have been determined and reveal that L1 and L2 compartmentalise the MX 2 units into mixed pyridylimine/dipyridylimine ( 2a ) and pyridylimine/terpyridine [ 5b (NCMe)] binding sites. Unexpectedly during crystallisation of 6 from acetonitrile, the salt [(L2)Ni 2 Br 2 (μ‐Br)(NCMe) 2 ] 2 [NiBr 4 ] ( 7 ) was obtained as the only crystalline product. On activation with MAO (methylaluminoxane), 4 – 6 show only low activities for ethylene oligomerisation ( 6 /MAO &gt; 5 /MAO) or are inactive ( 4 /MAO). On the other hand, 1 – 3 are considerably more active ( 3 /MAO &gt; 2 /MAO &gt; 1 /MAO) with the most productive system, dinickel‐based 3 /MAO (450 g mmol –1 h –1 bar –1 ), yielding methyl‐branched waxes composed of mostly internal unsaturation along with lower levels of α‐olefins; conversely the diiron ( 1 /MAO) and dicobalt ( 2 /MAO) systems give uniquely linear α‐olefins. For purposes of comparison the synthesis, structure and catalytic activity of mono‐nickel [(6‐{(2,6‐ i Pr 2 C 6 H 3 )N=CMe}‐2,2′‐C 10 H 7 N 2 )NiBr 2 ] ( 8 ) are also reported. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Hybrid CNN-LSTM Network for Real-Time Apnea-Hypopnea Event Detection Based on IR-UWB Radar (2021)

Polysomnography (PSG) is the gold-standard for sleep apnea and hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) diagnosis. Because the PSG system is not suitable for long-term continuous use owing to the high cost and discomfort caused by attached multi-channel sensors, alternative methods using a non-contact sensor have been investigated. However, the existing methods have limitations in that the radar-person distance is fixed, and the detected apnea hypopnea (AH) event cannot be provided in real-time. In this paper, therefore, we propose a novel approach for real-time AH event detection with impulse-radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) radar using a deep learning model. 36 PSG recordings and simultaneously measured IR-UWB radar data were used in the experiments. After the clutter was removed, IR-UWB radar images were segmented by sliding a 20-s window at 1-s shift, and categorized into two classes: AH and N. A hybrid model combining the convolutional neural networks and long short-term memory networks was trained with the data, which consisted of class-balanced segments. Time sequenced classified outputs were then fed to an event detector to identify valid AH events. Therefore, the proposed method showed a Cohen’s kappa coefficient of 0.728, sensitivity of 0.781, specificity of 0.956, and an accuracy of 0.930. According to the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) estimation analysis, the Pearson’s correlation coefficient between the estimated AHI and reference AHI was 0.97. In addition, the average accuracy and kappa of SAHS diagnosis was 0.98 and 0.96, respectively, for AHI cutoffs of ≥ 5, 15, and 30 events/h. The proposed method achieved the state-of-the-art performance for classifying SAHS severity without any hand-engineered feature regardless of the user’s location. Our approach can be utilized for a cost-effective and reliable SAHS monitoring system in a home environment.