gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sequential Forearm Intravenous Regional and Infiltration Anaesthesia: Value for Haemostasis (1990)

Intravenous regional anaesthesia using 0.5% lignocaine with a forearm tourniquet is a satisfactory technique for operations on the distal forearm, wrist and hand. Since recovery of pain sensation is rapid, haemostasis after release of tourniquet becomes difficult and sometimes impossible. Local wound infiltration or metacarpal block with 1% lignocaine just before release of the tourniquet can allow subsequent haemostasis and wound closure to be carried out without causing pain. 55 patients received this sequential forearm intravenous regional and infiltrative anaesthesia. Subsequent haemostasis and wound closure could be carried out without pain in 51 patients (92.7%); three patients (5.5%) noticed mild discomfort but the operations could be finished without any additional anaesthetic agent. No complications were encountered with this modified technique.
Trust-Based Cluster Head Selection Algorithm for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (2011)

Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) consist of a large number of relatively low-powered mobile nodes communicating in a network using radio signals. Clustering is one of the techniques used to manage data exchange amongst interacting nodes. Each group of nodes has one or more elected Cluster head(s), where all Cluster heads are interconnected for forming a communication backbone to transmit data. Moreover, Cluster heads should be capable of sustaining communication with limited energy sources for longer period of time. Misbehaving nodes and cluster heads can drain energy rapidly and reduce the total life span of the network. In this context, selection of best cluster heads with trusted information becomes critical for the overall performance. In this paper, we propose Cluster head(s) selection algorithm based on an efficient trust model. This algorithm aims to elect trustworthy stable cluster head(s) that can provide secure communication via cooperative nodes. Simulations were conducted to evaluate trusted Cluster head(s) in terms of clusters stability, longevity and throughput.
Quantitative Evaluation of Crystallographic Texture in Aluminum Alloy Builds Fabricated by Very High Power Ultrasonic Additive Manufacturing (2012)

Very high power ultrasonic additive manufacturing (VHPUAM) has shown good bond quality over traditional ultrasonic consolidation processes. However, the stability of microstructure in bulk and interface regions is unknown. Our earlier research showed a large difference in grain growth kinetics between bulk and interface regions. Therefore, we have performed in-situ studies of crystallographic texture evolution using a neutron beam line, before, during, and after heat treatment at 343oC for 2 hours. Shear texture in the as-received condition was found to be stronger with higher vibration amplitudes. We also observed rapid reduction of rolling textures in the initial material and presence of shear textures even after heat treatment.
The Chemically Inducible Plant Cytochrome P450 CYP76B1 Actively Metabolizes Phenylureas and Other Xenobiotics (1998)

Cytochrome P450s (P450s) constitute one of the major classes of enzymes that are responsible for detoxification of exogenous molecules both in animals and plants. On the basis of its inducibility by exogenous chemicals, we recently isolated a new plant P450, CYP76B1, from Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) and showed that it was capable of dealkylating a model xenobiotic compound, 7-ethoxycoumarin. In the present paper we show that CYP76B1 is more strongly induced by foreign compounds than other P450s isolated from the same plant, and metabolizes with high efficiency a wide range of xenobiotics, including alkoxycoumarins, alkoxyresorufins, and several herbicides of the class of phenylureas. CYP76B1 catalyzes the double N-dealkylation of phenylureas with turnover rates comparable to those reported for physiological substrates and produces nonphytotoxic compounds. Potential uses for CYP76B1 thus include control of herbicide tolerance and selectivity, as well as soil and groundwater bioremediation.
Characterization of technetium-99m-L,L-ECD for brain perfusion imaging, Part 2: Biodistribution and brain imaging in humans. (1989)

The safety, biodistribution and kinetics of a new perfusion imaging agent [99mTc-L,L]-ethyl cysteinate dimer (ECD) was evaluated in normal volunteers. Technetium-99m-L,L-ECD is a neutral, lipophilic complex, which is radiochemically pure and stable. Twelve healthy adults were injected with 25-30 mCi of 99mTc-L,L-ECD and imaged periodically for up to 24 hr. Planar imaging showed rapid brain uptake with a peak concentration of 4.9% injected dose and very slow brain washout (approximately 6% per hour during the first 6 hr). Repeat or dynamic tomographic imaging of the brain using either a rotating gamma camera or a multidetector system was performed up to 6 hr postinjection. The distribution of 99mTc-L,L-ECD in the brain did not change and was similar to the pattern seen with other perfusion agents. Background facial areas and lungs cleared rapidly. Peak blood activity was below 10% injected dose at all times and 99mTc-L,L-ECD cleared rapidly through the kidneys. Vital signs, blood and urine chemistries were normal in all volunteers and no adverse reactions were noted. These results suggest that 99mTc-L,L-ECD should be useful for routine assessment of cerebral perfusion in humans.
Respiratory and Limb Muscle Weakness Induced by Tumor Necrosis Factor- α : Involvement of Muscle Myofilaments (2002)

The respiratory and limb skeletal muscles become weakened in sepsis, congestive heart failure, and other inflammatory diseases. A potential mediator of muscle weakness is tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, a cytokine that can stimulate muscle wasting and also can induce contractile dysfunction without overt catabolism. This study addressed the latter process. Murine diaphragm and limb muscle (flexor digitorum brevis [FDB]) preparations were used to determine the relative sensitivities of these muscles to TNF-alpha. Intact muscle fibers were isolated from FDB and microinjected with indo-1 to measure changes in sarcoplasmic calcium regulation. We found that TNF-alpha depressed tetanic force of the diaphragm and FDB to comparable degrees across a range of stimulus frequencies. In isolated muscle fibers, TNF-alpha decreased tetanic force without altering tetanic calcium transients or resting calcium levels. We conclude that (1) TNF-alpha compromises contractile function of diaphragm and limb muscle similarly, and (2) TNF-alpha decreases force by blunting the response of muscle myofilaments to calcium activation.
Mechanistic Basis for Effects of High-Pressure H2 Cofeeds on Methanol-to-Hydrocarbons Catalysis over Zeolites (2019)

Cofeeding high-pressure (16 bar) H2 with methanol (0.005 bar) during methanol-to-hydrocarbons conversion over acidic zeolites with varying topologies (CHA, AEI, FER, and BEA) results in a ∼2× to >15× enhancement in catalyst lifetime compared to He cofeeds, as determined by the cumulative turnovers attained per proton before the final methanol conversion level drops below 15%C. These beneficial effects of prolonged catalyst lifetime are observed without any impact on the carbon backbone of effluent hydrocarbon products characteristic of the particular zeolite topology. The olefins-to-paraffins ratio of C2+ hydrocarbons, however, decreases due to enhanced paraffins production, and the magnitude of this decrement depends on the specific zeolite topology. The observations of marked lifetime improvements and topology-dictated variations in the paraffin make of MTH effluent with H2 cofeeds can be interpreted based on the different proclivities of zeolitic protons confined in varying topological environments for catalyzing hydrogenation of hydrocarbons that are predominantly formed via formaldehyde-based alkylation routes (e.g., 1,3-butadiene) or methanol-based alkylation routes (e.g., ethene and propene). Independent kinetic studies reveal that measured hydrogenation rates per H+ of 1,3-butadiene are at least 1 order of magnitude (∼7× to ∼320×) higher than that of ethene or propene, which provides an explanation for the observed lifetime improvements in MTH with H2 cofeeds. Further, trends in the reactivities of ethene and propene with H2 over the different zeolites help explicate the topology-dependent variations in the paraffin content of the effluent hydrocarbons during MTH with H2 cofeeds.
Measurements of the laboratory air temperature and relative humidity 1 m above the soil surface (2018)

RFT-2 sensor (Meter Group, Munich, Germany; precision of relative humidity and temperature measurements: 2 % and 0.1°C).\nSample ID: name of the sample(atm = atmosphere, STD = standard) which was initially measured according to the sampling protocol (detailed overview in dataset "Timefile used for the calculation of the isotopic compositions for the different samples" in this collection)
Natural Gas Hydrate as a Storage Mechanism for Safe, Sustainable and Economical Production from Offshore Petroleum Reserves (2017)

Century Fathom presents an innovative process to utilize clathrate hydrates for the production, storage and transportation of natural gas from off-shore energy reserves in deep ocean environments. The production scheme was developed by considering the preferred state of natural gas in the deep ocean and addressing the hazards associated with conventional techniques to transport natural gas. It also is designed to mitigate the significant shipping cost inherent with all methods. The resulting proposed scheme restrains transport in the hydrate form to the ocean and does not attempt to supply energy to the residential consumer. Instead; the target recipients are industrial operations. The resulting operational concept is intrinsically safer by design; environmentally sustainable and significantly cost-effective compared with currently proposed schemes for the use of natural gas hydrates and has the potential to be the optimal solution for new production of reserves; depending on the distance to shore and capacity of the petroleum reserve. A potential additional benefit is the byproduct of desalinated water.
Free-fall dilute-phase hydrogasification of coal. [900/sup 0/C and 1000 psiq] (1976)

Cholesterol in crystalline form cannot be readily cleared from tissue and in this form it is sclerogenic. Phospholipids can solubilise cholesterol, promote its clearance and reduce the sclerosis. The phospholipids accompanying cholesterol deposited in atherogenesis are not adequate to solubilise all the cholesterol. It has been found that some oxidation products of cholesterol act synergistically with phosphatidylcholine to enhance the solubility of cholesterol in vitro. The effect of these oxysterols on solubilisation and clearance of cholesterol in vivo was examined in rats by implanting subcutaneously tablets made of cholesterol, cholesterol plus oxysterols and both with phosphatidylcholine. Tablets containing oxysterols went into solution rapidly, were cleared completely and allowed regression of the initial fibrosis promoted by the sterol without needing exogenous phospholipid. Solubilisation and clearance seem to have been affected by endogenous phospholipid, possibly high density lipoproteins, and by macrophages. Tablets without oxysterols showed no clearance at all but were cleared in part when phosphatidylcholine was added. Oxidation products of cholesterol form readily in foods of animal origin when suitably exposed to light and air. It is suggested that technology designed to prevent spoilage of foods has inadvertently resulted in the elimination from the Western diet of compounds which prevent the accumulation of cholesterol in the arterial wall.
Plastic axial gradient-index lens (1985)

An axial gradient-index (GRIN) lens, where the refractive index varies along the optical axis of a convex lens, can reduce the spherical aberration compared with the conventional homogeneous lens. The transparent plastic axial GRIN material was successfully fabricated by chemical copolymerization and diffusion techniques. The depth of the gradient index was ~20 mm with the refractive-index change Δn = 0.07. By carrying out the ray tracing of the axial gradient index, the optimum refractive-index distribution reducing the spherical aberration was determined. If we assume that the axial GRIN lens was constructed from the sample experimentally obtained, it was theoretically confirmed that the spherical aberration of this lens would be remarkably improved.
Feasibility study on the control of the eutrophication by flowing the industrial wastewater effluents to the lake (2010)

본 논문은 A 시의 산업단지 종말처리장의 방류수 유입에 따른 K 소류지의 녹조 제어 가능성을 평가하고자 하였다. 완전혼합연속반응기로 모형화한 호소를 총인과 엽록소-a의 농도를 예측하였다. 정상상태일 때 총인과 엽록소-a 농도는 각각 <TEX>$0.29\;/m^3$</TEX>과 <TEX>$4.0\;g/m^3$</TEX>를 나타났고 실측치와 유사한 결과를 보였다. 비정상상태에서 종말폐수방류수가 최소유량 또는 최대유량으로 소류지로 유입될 때 시간경과에 따른 총인과 엽록소-a 농도 변화를 예측하였다. 또한, 현재 심각한 부영양화 단계에 있는 소류지를 중영양 또는 빈영양 단계로 전환하기 위해 소류지로 유입되는 총인부하량 (<TEX>$L_p$</TEX>)과 호소깊이/체류시간 (<TEX>$H/{\tau}w$</TEX>)값의 변화를 통해 현실적으로 적용 가능한 제어방법을 제안하였다. 이와 같은 분석기법이 소류지내 총인농도의 제어전략을 수립하기에 적합한 도구로 사용될 수 있음을 확인하였다. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of flowing the industrial wastewater effluents into the K lake which is located in the A city on the eutrophication. The lake was modelled as a continuous stirred-tank reactor. Phosphorus and Chl-a concentration in the lake were calculated to <TEX>$0.29\;/m^3$</TEX>과 <TEX>$4.0\;g/m^3$</TEX> at steady state, respectively. Those simulated concentrations were very close to the monitored mean concentration of the lake, indicating that the simulation could be used a tool for characterizing the lake. The non-steady state concentrations of the phosphorus and Chl-a were proposed as a function of time as well. Phosphorus loading (<TEX>$L_p$</TEX>) and depth to retention time ratio (<TEX>$H/{\tau}w$</TEX>) was calculated in order to analyze the current state of eutrophication. We proposed a strategy to change the lake from eutrophic to permissible oligotrophic state using a graph consisting of two variables, <TEX>$L_p$</TEX> and <TEX>$H/{\tau}w$</TEX>.
Clinical and Genetic Analysis of Psychosis in Parkinson’s Disease (2021)

Besides previous exposure to dopaminergic drugs, impairment of motor status, depression and anxiety, as well-established clinical risk factors for the development of PDP, GG rs2734849 ANKK1 could also be a contributing factor, which requires addressing by future longitudinal studies.
Ecologically Inspired Water Network Optimization of Steel Manufacture Using Constructed Wetlands as a Wastewater Treatment Process (2018)

Traditional optimization models often lack a systems-level perspective at conception, which limits their effectiveness. Expanding system boundaries allow scientists and engineers to model complex interactions more accurately, leading to higher efficiency and profitability in industrial systems. Ecological systems have evolved for billions of years under conditions of material and energy shortage, and ecologists have defined analysis tools and metrics for identifying important principles. These principles may provide the framework to circumvent the limitations of traditional optimization techniques. More specifically, by recruiting functional roles that are often found in ecological systems, but are absent in industrial systems, industries can better mimic how natural systems organize themselves. The objective of this analysis is to traditionally optimize a manufacturing process by comparing the model with ecological and resource-based performance metrics in order to redesign the model with the addition of important functional roles that are found throughout nature. Industry partners provided data for this analysis, which involved building a water network for an existing steel manufacturing facility in China. The results of the traditional optimization model indicate a 23%, 29%, and 20% decline in freshwater consumption, wastewater discharge, and total annual cost, respectively. However, our ecologically inspired optimization model provides an additional 21% and 25% decline in freshwater consumption and total annual cost, respectively. Furthermore, no water is discharged. These results suggest that this unconventional approach to optimization could provide an effective technique not used by existing algorithms to solve the challenging problem of pursuing more sustainable industrial systems.
NK Cells Negatively Regulate Antigen Presentation and Tumor-Specific CTLs in a Syngeneic Lymphoma Model (2007)

NK cells are known to kill tumor cells and produce proinflammatory cytokines that lead to the generation of tumor-specific CTLs. Many studies have used MHC class I-deficient tumor cells and/or adjuvants that induce NK cell responses. In this study, the focus was on less-immunogenic lymphoma cells that express MHC class I as a model to study NK cell responses to tumors that do not directly stimulate NK cell activation. When RMA tumor cells that expressed a truncated version of OVA, or RMA cells alone, were injected into mice that were depleted of NK cells, the mice developed an increased number of tumor-specific CTLs, increased IFN-gamma responses, and a higher amount of Ag presentation in draining LNs compared with mice with intact NK cells. These data suggest that NK cells can inhibit the development of effective adaptive immunity in the absence of signals that trigger NK cell activation.
Gingival fibroblasts degrade type I collagen films when stimulated with tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 1: Evidence that breakdown is mediated by metal loproteinases (1989)

We previously suggested that periodontal pathogens might mediate connective tissue degradation in periodontal diseases through the ability of antigens from their cell walls to stimulate cytokine production by circulating mononuclear cells. Such cytokines would then induce metalloproteinase (MP) synthesis by resident gingival cells and thus initiate matrix degradation. In the present investigation human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) were grown on [14C]-labelled type I collagen films and stimulated with either tumor necrosis factor (TNF) or interleukin-1 (IL-1) for 48 h. Collagenolysis occurred in a dose-dependent manner; the optimal dose for human rTNF alpha was 100 ng/ml and for rIL-1 alpha and rIL-1 beta, 1 ng/ml. Collagen degradation was accompanied by increased synthesis and release of the MPs collagenase, gelatinase and stromelysin, and there was a reduction in free TIMP (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases): collagenase and stromelysin were detected in both active and latent forms. Cytokine-stimulated collagenolysis was abolished by the addition of exogenous human rTIMP (5 units/ml). We also measured collagenase and TIMP by ELISAs which recognize all forms of collagenase (latent, active or complexed) and TIMP (free or complexed). These showed that while collagenase activity (0.6-1.2 microgram/ml) correlated with lysis, total TIMP levels remained unchanged at approximately 0.2 microgram/ml. These results demonstrate important roles for MPs and TIMP in regulating type I collagen degradation by HGFs, and support the hypothesis that connective tissue destruction during inflammatory diseases may be initiated, at least in part, by TNF and IL-1.
Time-Resolved PLIF Imaging of OH Radicals in the Afterglow of Nanosecond Pulsed Discharge in Combustible Mixtures (2011)

A time-resolved planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) imaging technique has been used to investigate the spatial distribution of OH radical dynamics in the afterglow of a pulsed nanosecond discharge. Experiments were carried out using a lean methane/air mixture, at temperatures of 300 K and 500 K and at atmospheric pressure. The nanosecond pulsed discharge was formed in a pin-to-pin electrode system. Time-resolved PLIF imaging indicated uniform OH radical dynamics along the discharge channel. Comparison of OH radical emission dynamics with discharge emission dynamics from excited nitrogen revealed a close similarity in spatial distribution and allowed to clarify the mechanisms of atomic oxygen formation.
Effects of propafenone on pacing-induced ventricular fibrillation and intracellular calcium in rat hearts (1992)

Propafenone is an antiarrhythmic agent with fast sodium channel, calcium channel, and beta-adrenergic receptor blocking properties. The effects of propafenone on arrhythmias, free intracellular calcium and left ventricular performance were studied using perfused rat hearts during (i) pacing-induced ventricular fibrillation and (ii) infusion with 2.65 x 10(-6) M, 5.3 x 10(-6) M and 7.9 x 10(-6) M propafenone hydrochloride (corresponding to approximately 1, 2 and 3 mg kg-1 body weight). A bolus of 1 mg kg-1 propafenone during ventricular fibrillation resulted in a decrease in intracellular calcium, with subsequent conversion to sinus rhythm. In perfused hearts with sinus rhythm propafenone produced a dose-dependent decrease in heart rate and myocardial oxygen consumption together with a rise in left ventricular diastolic pressure, and diastolic [Ca2+]i, indicative of depression of left ventricular function. We conclude that a bolus of propafenone during ventricular fibrillation leads to a decrease in [Ca2+]i preceding conversion to sinus rhythm. In rat hearts with sinus rhythm the depressive effects of propafenone on [Ca2+]i are dose dependent.
Genetic Risk Score and Acute Skin Toxicity After Breast Radiation Therapy (2014)

Genetic predisposition has been shown to affect the severity of skin complications in breast cancer patients after radiotherapy. Limited data exist regarding the use of a genetic risk score (GRS) for predicting risk of tissue radiosensitivity. We evaluated the impact of different single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes related to DNA repair mechanisms and oxidative stress response combined in a GRS on acute adverse effects induced by breast radiation therapy (RT). Skin toxicity was scored according to the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) criteria in 59 breast cancer patients who received RT. After genotyping, a multilocus GRS was constructed by summing the number of risk alleles. The hazard ratio (HR) for GSTM1 was 2.4 (95% confidence intervals [CI]=1.1-5.3, p=0.04). The other polymorphisms were associated to an increased adverse radiosensitivity, although they did not reach statistical significance. GRS predicted roughly 40% risk for acute skin toxicity per risk allele (HR 1.37, 95% CI=1.1-1.76, p<0.01). Patients in the top tertile had a fivefold higher risk of skin reaction (HR 5.1, 95% CI=1.2-22.8, p=0.03). Our findings demonstrate that the joint effect of SNPs from oxidative stress and DNA damage repair genes may be a promising approach to identify patients with a high risk of skin reaction after breast RT.