gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer for ultra-low pressure measurement: Theoretical study (2015)

Ultra-low pressure measurement is necessary in many areas, such as high-vacuum environment monitoring, process control and biomedical applications. This paper presents a novel approach for ultra-low pressure measurement where capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs) are used as the sensing elements. The working principle is based on the resonant frequency shift of the membrane under the applied pressure. The membranes of the biased CMUTs can produce a larger resonant frequency shift than the diaphragms with no DC bias in the state-of-the-art resonant pressure sensors, which contributes to pressure sensitivity improvement. The theoretical analysis and finite element method (FEM) simulation were employed to study the relationship between the resonant frequency and the pressure. The results demonstrated excellent capability of the CMUTs for ultra-low pressure measurement. It is shown that the resonant frequency of the CMUT varies linearly with the applied pressure. A sensitivity of more than 6.33 ppm/Pa (68 kHz/kPa) was obtained within a pressure range of 0 to 100 Pa when the CMUTs were biased at a DC voltage of 90% of the collapse voltage. It was also demonstrated that the pressure sensitivity can be adjusted by the DC bias voltage. In addition, the effects of air damping and ambient temperature on the resonant frequency were also studied. The effect of air damping is negligible for the pressures below 1000 Pa. To eliminate the temperature effect on the resonant frequency, a temperature compensating method was proposed.
Microwave induced synthesis of 6-substituted-aryl-3-( 4' -methylquinolinyl-2-oxymethyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-b ]-1,3,4-thiadiazoles (1999)

Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi- 11 0 007, India <em>Manuscript received 2 June 1997, revised 22 December 1997, accepted 13 May 1998</em> Considerable increase in the reaction rate has been observed with improved yields in the synthesis of 6-substitutcd-aryl-3-(4<em>'</em>-methylquinolinyl-2-oxymethyl)-1 ,2,4-triazolo[3,4.<em>b</em> ]-1,3,4-thiadiazolcs (2a-j) by the condensation of 1-amino-2-mercapto-5-( 4<em>'</em> -methyl-quinolinyl-2-oxymethyl)-1,3,4-triazolc (1) with various aromatic acid chlorides under microwave irradiation in a Maxidigest in unaltered domestic microwave oven.
The conundrum of making biomass-to-biofuels economic (2012)

Keywords: : algal biomassbiofuel economicscarbon nanotubesconsolidated bioprocessinggraphenelignocellulosic biomass
Effect of pulsing in low‐level light therapy (2010)

There is some evidence that pulsed light does have effects that are different from those of continuous wave light. However further work is needed to define these effects for different disease conditions and pulse structures.
Generation of Customized Accelerators for Loop Pipelining of Binary Instruction Traces (2016)

Many embedded applications process large amounts of data using regular computational kernels, amenable to acceleration by specialized hardware coprocessors. To reduce the significant design effort, the dedicated hardware may be automatically generated, usually starting from the application’s source or binary code. This paper presents a moduloscheduled loop accelerator capable of executing multiple loops and a supporting toolchain. A generation/scheduling procedure, which fully relies on MicroBlaze instruction traces, produces accelerator instances, customized in terms of functional units and interconnections. The accelerators support integer and single-precision floating-point arithmetic, and exploit instruction-level parallelism, loop pipelining, and memory access parallelism via two read/write ports. A complete implementation of the proposed architecture is evaluated in a Virtex-7 device. Augmenting a MicroBlaze processor with a tailored accelerator achieves a geometric mean speedup, over software-only execution, of 6.61 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> for 13 floating-point kernels from the Livermore Loops set, and of 4.08 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> for 11 integer kernels from Texas Instruments’ IMGLIB. The proposed customized accelerators are compared with ALU-based ones. The average specialized accelerator requires only 0.47 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> the number of field-programmable gate array slices of an accelerator with four ALUs. A geometric mean speedup of 1.78 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> over a four-issue very long instruction word (without floating-point support) was obtained for the integer kernels.
[Identification of Mycobacterium spp. isolates using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS)]. (2014)

MALDI-TOF MS is a suitable tool for the routine identification of Mycobacterium spp. in laboratories using this method for the conventional identification of microbes.
Analytical model for dual-interfering sources diffuse optical tomography (2002)

An analytical model to perform tomographic reconstructions for absorptive inclusions in highly scattering media using dual interfering sources was derived. A perturbation approach within the first order Rytov expansion was used to solve the heterogeneous diffusion equation. Analytical weight functions necessary to solve the inverse problem were obtained. The reconstructions performance was assessed using simulated data of breast-like media after contrast agent enhancement. We further investigated the reconstruction quality as a function of object depth location, modulation frequency and source separation. The ability of the algorithm to resolve multi-objects was also demonstrated.
Chronic myeloid leukemia stem cells in the era of targeted therapies: resistance, persistence and long-term dormancy (2011)

Targeted therapies of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) using tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) have profoundly changed the natural history of the disease with a major impact on survival. Molecular monitoring with BCR-ABL quantification shows that a status of undetectable molecular residual disease (UMRD) is obtained in a significant minority of patients. However, it remains unclear whether these patients are definitively cured of their leukemia. Imatinib mesylate withdrawal trials have demonstrated the rapid appearance of the malignant clone in the majority of the patients whereas some patients remain in a state of UMRD. It has clearly been demonstrated that the most primitive stem cells are refractory to all TKIs used in clinical practice. In addition, long-term dormancy is one of the most fundamental characteristics of hematopoietic stem cells. In this context, we have recently undertaken a systematic analysis of the bone marrow stem cell compartment in several patients in durable UMRD. We have demonstrated the long-term persistence of a considerable amount of BCR-ABL-expressing stem cells, even in the absence of relapse. The phenomenon of long-term leukemic stem cell dormancy is of major importance in CML and one of the key questions in cancer biology in general. We discuss, here, the potential mechanisms, including intrinsic and microenvironmental factors, that control the response of leukemic stem cells (LSCs) to targeted therapies and potential novel strategies currently in progress with a curative intent. Moreover, we propose a molecular evaluation of the residual LSC compartment in selected patients in order to develop rational TKI-cessation strategies in CML.
Risk score to predict event-free survival after hematopoietic cell transplant for sickle cell disease (2020)

We developed a risk score to predict event-free survival (EFS) after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for sickle cell disease. The study population (n = 1425) was randomly split into training (n = 1070) and validation (n = 355) cohorts. Risk factors were identified and validated via Cox regression models. Two risk factors of 9 evaluated were predictive for EFS: age at transplantation and donor type. On the basis of the training cohort, patients age 12 years or younger with an HLA-matched sibling donor were at the lowest risk with a 3-year EFS of 92% (score, 0). Patients age 13 years or older with an HLA-matched sibling donor or age 12 years or younger with an HLA-matched unrelated donor were at intermediate risk (3-year EFS, 87%; score, 1). All other groups, including patients of any age with a haploidentical relative or HLA-mismatched unrelated donor and patients age 13 years or older with an HLA-matched unrelated donor were high risk (3-year EFS, 57%; score, 2 or 3). These findings were confirmed in the validation cohort. This simple risk score may guide patients with sickle cell disease and hematologists who are considering allogeneic transplantation as a curative treatment relative to other available contemporary treatments.
Microwave tomographic image improvement by fitting to a Cole-Cole relaxation model (2017)

We have reconstructed microwave tomographic images of the Supelec breast phantom using our imaging fixture in combination with a multi-channel vector network analyzer. During this study we were able to recover images without the support of a priori information over a broad frequency range - 1100-1900 MHz. We then fitted the spectral values at each pixel within the field of view to a Cole-Cole curve and extracted the coefficients at each location. While the individual images at each frequency provided reasonably representations of the target permittivity and conductivity distributions, the fibroglandular features were generally quite blurred with the surrounding adipose region. However, several of the Cole-Cole coefficient plots provided a higher level of resolution for the inclusions. While there was a noticeably high level of artifacts outside of the breast phantom perimeter, the internal structures are quite representative of the target. This is one of the first Cole-Cole image fittings using broadband measurement data on an actual phantom and sets the stage for higher specificity imaging.
Asymmetric Epoxidation of Alkenes Catalyzed by a Porphyrin-Inspired Manganese Complex (2013)

A novel strategy for catalytic asymmetric epoxidation of a wide variety of olefins by a porphyrin-inspired chiral manganese complex using H2O2 as a terminal oxidant in excellent yield with up to greater than 99% ee has been successfully developed.
Modeling and Simulation of pH Dependent Isotachophoresis (2009)

This paper presents a mathematical model for pH gradient ITP in a microfluidic system. The mathematical model is based on mass conservation, charge conservation and electroneutrality condition in the system. A finite volume based numerical model is developed to simulate pH dependent isotachophoresis (ITP) in microfluidic devices. Numerical results of pH dependent ITP are obtained for straight and dog-leg microchannels. For both channels, five ionic components are used to simulate the model ITP system. The ITP results obtained from dog-leg microchannel capture the band broadening and band dispersion observed in T-channel junction. However, no such dispersion is noticed for ITP in the straight microchannel.
Spectral Graph Transformer Networks for Brain Surface Parcellation (2019)

The analysis of the brain surface modeled as a graph mesh is a challenging task. Conventional deep learning approaches often rely on data lying in the Euclidean space. As an extension to irregular graphs, convolution operations are defined in the Fourier or spectral domain. This spectral domain is obtained by decomposing the graph Laplacian, which captures relevant shape information. However, the spectral decomposition across different brain graphs causes inconsistencies between the eigenvectors of individual spectral domains, causing the graph learning algorithm to fail. Current spectral graph convolution methods handle this variance by separately aligning the eigenvectors to a reference brain in a slow iterative step. This paper presents a novel approach for learning the transformation matrix required for aligning brain meshes using a direct data-driven approach. Our alignment and graph processing method provides a fast analysis of brain surfaces. The novel Spectral Graph Transformer (SGT) network proposed in this paper uses very few randomly sub-sampled nodes in the spectral domain to learn the alignment matrix for multiple brain surfaces. We validate the use of this SGT network along with a graph convolution network to perform cortical parcellation. Our method on 101 manually-labeled brain surfaces shows improved parcellation performance over a no-alignment strategy, gaining a significant speed (1400 fold) over traditional iterative alignment approaches.
Properties and Functional Role of Voltage-Dependent Potassium Channels in Dendrites of Rat Cerebellar Purkinje Neurons (2003)

We characterized the properties and functional roles of voltage-dependent potassium channels in the dendrites of Purkinje neurons studied in rat cerebellar slices. Using outside-out patches formed <or=250 microm away from the soma, we found that depolarization-activated potassium channels were present at high density throughout the dendritic tree. Currents required relatively large depolarizations for activation (midpoint, approximately -10 mV), had rapid activation and deactivation kinetics, and inactivated partially (20-70% over 200 msec) with both fast (time constant, 15-20 msec) and slow (300-400 msec) components. Inactivating and noninactivating components were both blocked potently by external tetraethylammonium (half-block by 150 microm) and 4-aminopyridine (half-block by 110 microm). The voltage dependence, kinetics, and pharmacology suggest a predominant contribution by Kv3 family subunits, and immunocytochemical experiments showed staining for both Kv3.3 and Kv3.4 subunits in the dendritic tree. In the proximal dendrite, potassium channels were activated by passively spread sodium spikes recorded at the same position, and experiments using dual recordings showed that the channels serve to actively dampen back-propagation of somatic sodium spikes. In more distal dendrites, potassium currents were activated by voltage waveforms taken from climbing fiber responses, suggesting that they help shape these responses as well. The requirement for large depolarizations allows dendritic Kv3 channels to shape large depolarizing events while not disrupting spatial and temporal summation of smaller excitatory postsynaptic potentials.
Stability of lutetium microclusters: Molecular-dynamics simulations (1999)

Structural stability and energetics of lutetium microclusters ${\mathrm{Lu}}_{n}(n=3\ensuremath{-}147)$ have been investigated by molecular-dynamics simulations. An empirical model potential energy function has been parametrized for the lutetium element by using the dimer interaction potential energy profile of ${\mathrm{Lu}}_{2}$, which is calculated by the relativistic density functional method. Stable structures of the microclusters for $n=3\ensuremath{-}13$ have been determined by a molecular-dynamics simulation. It has been found that lutetium microclusters prefer to form three-dimensional compact structures. Molecular-dynamics simulations have also been performed for spherical lutetium clusters generated from hcp crystal structure with sizes $n=33\ensuremath{-}147$.
Differences in the immunogenicity of leukemia L1210 sublines in DBA-2 mice. (1971)

Summary After the i.p. inoculation of 103, 104, or 105 leukemia L1210 cells, the survival of DBA/2Ha-DD mice was longer than that of DBA/2J or DBA/2Cr mice. This difference was greatly reduced in mice that received total body X-radiation (250 R) the day prior to cell inoculation and in nonirradiated mice after the inoculation of 106 or 107 L1210 cells. DBA/2Ha-DD, DBA/2J, and DBA/2Cr mice survived longer after the inoculation of cells from an L1210 line resistant to methylglyoxal-bis(guanylhydrazone) than after inoculation of cells from the parent L1210 line. These differences were also reduced in preirradiated mice. Treatments with low doses of arabinosylcytosine were more effective against the L1210 cells resistant to methylglyoxal-bis(guanylhydrazone) than against the parent line in both DBA/2Ha-DD and DBA/2J mice; similar differences in therapeutic response were seen in DBA/2Ha-DD mice treated with 4,4′-diacetyldiphenylurea-bis(guanylhydrazone), 2-chloro-4′,4″-di-2-imidazolin-2-ylterephthalanilide, or carzinostatin but were not seen in those treated with methotrexate. In DBA/2Ha-DD mice, arabinosylcytosine was also more effective against an L1210 line resistant to 4,4′-diacetyldiphenylurea-bis(guanylhydrazone) than against the parent line. All of these therapeutic differences were greatly reduced or abolished in preirradiated mice. On the basis of transplantation tests in DBA/2Ha-DD and DBA/2J mice, a line of L1210 grown in culture for several months appeared to be more immunogenic than were any of the in vivo lines of L1210 examined.
Chronic peripheral nerve hyperalgesia in the thoracolumbar region (2019)

Chronic neuropathic pain presents a significant burden to health care worldwide. Its complexity and variation in presentation make therapeutic targeting a challenge in clinical practice. We present a case of chronic idiopathic peripheral neuropathy localized to a specific region in the back to highlight current understandings and available treatment options for neuropathic pain.
Modeling of the Fading Statistics of Wireless Sensor Network Channels in Industrial Environments (2016)

This paper presents an investigation of how to model the statistical properties of radio channels arising in industrial environments over long time horizons, e.g., hours and days. Based on extensive measurement campaigns, conducted at three different factory buildings, it is shown that for mobile transceivers the fading characteristics are Rayleigh or close to Rayleigh. However, for transceivers mounted at fixed locations, the use of conventional single fading distributions is not sufficient. It is shown that a suitable model structure for describing the fading properties of the radio channels, as measured by power, is a mixture of gamma and compound gamma-lognormal distributions. Furthermore, the complexity of the model generally increases with the observation interval. A model selection approach based on a connection between Kullback's mean discrimination information and the log-likelihood provides a robust choice of model structure. We show that while a (semi)-Markov chain constitute a suitable model for the channel dynamics the time dependence of the data can be neglected in the estimation of the parameters of the mixture distributions. Neglecting the time dependence in the data leads to a more efficient parametrization. Moreover, it is shown that the considered class of mixture distributions is identifiable for both continuous and quantized data under certain conditions and under those conditions a maximum likelihood under independence assumption estimator is shown to give consistent parameters also for data which are not independent. The parameter estimates are obtained by maximizing the log likelihood using a genetic and a local interior point algorithm.
Konventionelle Auslegung Eines Schabrades (1974)

Zu einem vorgegebenen Werkrad soll ein Schabrad berechnet werden. Hierbei sind bei der Bearbeitung der Verzahnung bestimmte Forderungen zu erfüllen. Um diese schon bei der Schabradauslegung berücksichtigen zu können, muß der Eingriff von Schabrad und Werkrad berechnet werden.
Effects of Working Pressure on the Physical Properties of a-InGaZnO<italic>x</italic>Films Formed Using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Enhanced Reactive Sputtering Deposition (2016)

The effects of working pressure on the physical properties of amorphous InGaZnOx (a-IGZO) films fabricated using inductively coupled plasma-enhanced reactive sputtering deposition were studied, while also assessing the plasma employed during film deposition. With decreasing working pressure, the ion saturation current corresponding to the plasma density increased along with the film deposition rate, because of the greater number of ions incident on the IGZO target. The physical properties of the resulting a-IGZO films were examined to determine the effect of ion energy while varying the working pressure. With decreasing working pressure, the film densities estimated from X-ray reflection data were found to increase. In addition, the concentrations of excess oxygen and hydrogen species incorporated into the a-IGZO films, which can potentially lead to structural and electrical instability, decreased. These results indicate the feasibility of enhancing the electrical properties of a-IGZO films.
Использование импульсного лазерного отжига для формирования омических контактов Mo/Ti к алмазу (2020)

The effect of pulsed laser annealing on the formation of ohmic Mo/Ti contacts to diamond is studied. Using the method of secondary-ion mass spectrometry, it was shown that laser annealing of the contacts leads to effective diffusion of carbon atoms into the titanium layer and the formation of titanium carbide in the transition region with a diamond with a thickness of 15-20 nm. Rapid thermal annealing of the same contact system is accompanied by a sharp increase in the oxygen content in the titanium layer and in the transition layer with diamond and the formation of titanium oxide. In this case, the titanium carbide phase is not formed in the Ti-C transition layer. It was also shown that, in the used laser annealing mode, graphitization of the contact layer of diamond does not occur, which could drastically reduce the mechanical strength and adhesion of the contacts.
Notes from the field: a cluster of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infections transmitted through organ transplantation - Iowa, 2013. (2014)

On April 26, 2013, the United Network for Organ Sharing reported to CDC a cluster of ill organ transplant recipients in Iowa with a common organ donor. Infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) was suspected. LCMV is a rodent-borne virus that most commonly causes nonfatal, influenza-like illness and occasional aseptic meningitis, but when transmitted through organ transplantation or in utero can cause severe, life-threatening disease.