gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A short linear sequence in the pre-S domain of the large hepatitis B virus envelope protein required for virion formation (1997)

Envelopment of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) nucleocapsid depends on the large envelope protein L, which is expressed as a transmembrane polypeptide at the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Previous studies demonstrated that the cytosolic exposure of the N-terminal pre-S domain (174 amino acids) of L was required for virion formation. N-terminal truncations of L up to Arg 103 were tolerated. To map sites in the remaining C-terminal part of pre-S important for virion morphogenesis, a series of 11 L mutants with linker substitutions between Asn 98 and Pro 171 was generated. The mutants formed stable proteins and were secreted in transfected cell cultures, probably as components of subviral hepatitis B surface antigen particles. All four constructs with mutations between Asn 98 and Thr 125 were unable to complement in trans the block in virion formation of an L-negative HBV genome in cotransfected HuH7 cells. These mutants had a transdominant negative effect on virus yield in cotransfections with the wild-type HBV genome. In contrast, all seven mutants with substitutions downstream of Ser 124 were able to envelop the nucleocapsid and to secrete HBV. The sequence between Arg 103 and Ser 124 is highly conserved among different HBV isolates and also between HBV and the woodchuck hepatitis virus. Point mutations in this region introducing alanine residues at conserved positions blocked virion formation, in contrast to mutations at nonconserved residues. These results demonstrate that the pre-S sequence between Arg 103 and Ser 124 has an important function in HBV morphogenesis.
HLA Class I nucleotide sequences, 1992 (1992)

The HLA Class I sequences included in this compilation are taken from publications listed in the papers: Nomenclature for factors of the HLA system, 1991 (1), Nomenclature for factors of the HLA system, 1990 (2), and Nomenclature for factors of the HLA system, 1989 (3). Due to the increased number of sequences, we have only included sequences for exons 2, 3 and 4 in this compilation. Where discrepancies have arisen between reported sequences, the original authors have been contacted where possible, and necessary amendments to published sequences have been incorporated into this alignment. Future sequencing may identify errors in this list and we would welcome any evidence that helps to maintain the accuracy of this compilation. In the sequence alignments, identity between nucleotides is indicated by a hyphen (-). An unavailable sequence is indicated by a period (.). Gaps in the sequence are inserted to maintain the alignment between different alleles showing variation in amino acid number.
Protein-Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B (PTP1B): A Novel Therapeutic Target for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Obesity and Related States of Insulin Resistance (2001)

Resistance to the cellular action of insulin, a fundamental pathophysiological defect accompanying the worldwide epidemic of obesity, is closely associated with the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and the set of cardiovascular risk factors that constitute the "metabolic" syndrome. The development of novel pharmaceutical agents that help ameliorate insulin resistance will be potentially important not only for the prevention and treatment of diabetes, but also in reducing its associated cardiovascular risk profile. Studies on the cellular role of the protein-tyrosine phosphatase PTP1B have now clearly shown that it serves as a key negative regulator of the tyrosine phosphorylation cascade integral to the insulin signaling pathway. Genetically-modified mice that lack PTP1B protein expression and animals treated with a specific PTP1B antisense oligonucleotide have provided crucial "proof-of-concept" data to show that eradicating or reducing PTP1B enhances insulin signaling and glucose tolerance. PTP1B inhibition also reduces adipose tissue storage of triglyceride under conditions of over-nutrition and was not associated with any obvious toxicity. The effects of the loss of PTP1B in vivo were also remarkably specific for components of the insulin action cascade, in spite of cellular studies suggesting that PTPIB may exert a regulatory influence on a variety of other signaling pathways. Overall, these studies have paved the way for the commercial development of PTP1B inhibitors that may serve as a novel type of "insulin sensitizer" in the management of type 2 diabetes and the cardiovascular / metabolic syndrome.
Exceeding the Classical Time-bandwidth Product in Nonlinear Time-invariant Systems (2021)

The classical 'time-bandwidth' limit for linear time-invariant (LTI) devices asserts that it is impossible to store broadband waves (large Δω's) for long times (large Δt's). For standing waves, i.e., vibrations, in particular, this limit takes on a simple form, Δt Δω = 1, where Δω is the bandwidth over which localization occurs, and Δt is the storage time. It remains a fundamental challenge in classical wave physics and vibration engineering to try to find ways to overcome this limit, not least because that would allow for storing broadband waves for long times, or achieve broadband resonance for low damping. Recent theoretical studies have suggested that such a feat might be possible in LTI terminated unidirectional waveguides or LTI topological 'rainbow trapping' devices, although an experimental confirmation of either concept is still lacking. In this work, we consider a nonlinear but time-invariant mechanical system and demonstrate experimentally that its time-bandwidth product can exceed the classical time-bandwidth limit, thus achieving values, both, above and below unity, in an energy-tunable way. Our proposed structure consists of a single degree-of-freedom nonlinear oscillator, rigidly coupled to a nondispersive waveguide. Upon developing the full theoretical framework for this class of nonlinear systems, we show how one may control the nonlinear flow of energy in the frequency domain, thereby managing to disproportionally decrease (increase) Δt, the storage time in the resonator, as compared with an increase (decrease) of the system's bandwidth Δω. Our results pave the way to conceiving and harnessing hitherto unattainable broadband and simultaneously low-loss wave-storage devices, both linear and nonlinear, for a host of key applications in wave physics and engineering.
Supplementary Table 1 from <i>Cyp24a1</i> Attenuation Limits Progression of <i>Braf<sup>V600E</sup></i>-Induced Papillary Thyroid Cancer Cells and Sensitizes Them to BRAF<sup>V600E</sup> Inhibitor PLX4720 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table 1. Primer sequences for qPCR&lt;/p&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: The Ruthenium Acetylide Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reaction of Terminal and Internal Alkynes: Isolation of a Catalytically Active β‐Agostic Intermediate Species. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A Novel Robot with Rolling and Climbing Modes for Power Transmission Line Inspection (2022)

As a hard high-altitude work, power transmission line inspection increasingly demands robots to conduct in place of the human being. A variety of robots have been developed to this end, with basic locomotion and inspection implemented on the lines. However, most current line inspection robots (LIRs) are only mobile platforms with complex structures and large weights, lacking sufficiently dexterous locomotion on lines, especially for obstacle overcoming and line transition. Also with sensors fixed on the platform, the inspection range is largely limited. For higher mobility and a larger inspection range, a novel biped robot that can roll and climb on a power transmission line for inspection, called Climbot-L, is proposed in this paper. While the rolling mode has the advantage of high locomotion efficiency, the biped climbing mode makes it possible to easily overcome obstacles on the line, transition to adjacent cables, and have multi-view detection. In this paper, the design of this novel robot is first introduced, the working principle of the wheel-gripper modules is then analyzed, and obstacle overcoming gaits are stated. The effectiveness and high maneuverability of the presented robot are verified by a series of experiments.
Resource Description Framework (2004)

This chapter contains sections titled: Motivation for RDF RDF Basics Key Primitives XML Syntax The N-triples Notation Storing RDF RDF Schema Vocabularies in RDF Schema Notes Exercises
Joint User Selection and Transceiver Design for Cell-Free With Network-Assisted Full Duplexing (2021)

In this paper, we investigate the problem of sum rate maximization by guaranteeing the quality of service (QoS) of both uplink and downlink in cell-free with network-assisted full Duplexing (NAFD), where the users operate in half-duplex mode and access points (APs) operate in either full-duplex mode or half-duplex mode. In the considered network, the central processor unit (CPU) sends the compressed beamformed signals to the transmit-APs (T-APs) over the downlink fronthaul, and the T-APs forward the signals to downlink users. At the same time, the receive-APs (R-APs) compress the signals transmitted by uplink users and forward them to the CPU via uplink fronthaul. We aim to maximize the spectral efficiency and the number of users that should be admitted by the network, where users’ requirements of both downlink and uplink signal-to-interference-plus-noise (SINR) constraints, fronthaul capacity constraints, energy harvesting constraints and simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) ratio design are considered. A successive convex approximation-based algorithm is proposed to solve the highly coupled problem, which is guaranteed to converge to the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions. We conduct a comprehensive comparison between the NAFD scheme and the traditional co-frequency co-time full duplex (CCFD) scheme and time division duplex (TDD) scheme and offer some valuable opinions about the system design.
Hydrocracking of LVGO Using Dispersed Catalysts Derived from Soluble Precursors: Performance Evaluation and Kinetics (2019)

The promotional effects of dual water-soluble and bimetallic oil-soluble precursors for LVGO hydrocracking were investigated. The water-soluble Fe-Mo precursor caused a reduction in naphtha and coke yields, while the bimetallic oil-soluble layered ammonium nickel molybdate (Ni-LTM) catalyst precursor reduced the coke deposition without affecting the naphtha yield. The synergistic effects of Ni-LTM were investigated by employing it as a cocatalyst with a Ni-W/Al2O3-SiO2 catalyst. Ni-LTM significantly decreased the coke deposition on the supported catalyst as noticed by the SEM images. A five-lump discrete reaction scheme was found suitable for the kinetic modeling of LVGO hydrocracking over the cocatalytic system. The estimated kinetic parameters show that LVGO has a higher probability of being converted to naphtha than distillate, which explains the high selectivity of naphtha compared to the other pseudoproducts. The catalyst decay constant decreased with the process severity indicating an enhancement of hydrogenation by the dispersed catalysts.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convergent Carbohydrate Approach to the Synthesis of Taxol. Part 1. Ring A Subunit. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
From Tunneling to Hopping: A Comprehensive Investigation of Charge Transport Mechanism in Molecular Junctions Based on Oligo(p-phenylene ethynylene)s (2009)

The charge transport mechanism of oligo(p-phenylene ethynylene)s with lengths ranging from 0.98 to 5.11 nm was investigated using modified scanning tunneling microscopy break junction and conducting probe atomic force microscopy methods. The methods were based on observing the length dependence of molecular resistance at single molecule level and the current-voltage characteristics in a wide length distribution. An intrinsic transition from tunneling to hopping charge transport mechanism was observed near 2.75 nm. A new transitional zone was observed in the long length molecular wires compared to short ones. This was not a simple transition between direct tunneling and field emission, which may provide new insights into transport mechanism investigations. Theoretical calculations provided an essential explanation for these phenomena in terms of molecular electronic structures.
National census of UK endoscopy services 2021 (2022)

Services are adapting to continued pressure and there are signs of a focused response to demand at a time of ongoing uncertainty. This census' findings will inform ongoing guidance from JAG and relevant stakeholders.
On Register Linearizability and Termination (2021)

It is well-known that, for deterministic algorithms, linearizable objects can be used as if they were atomic objects. As pointed out by Golab, Higham, and Woelfel, however, a randomized algorithm that works with atomic objects may lose some of its properties if we replace the atomic objects that it uses with objects that are only linearizable. It was not known whether the properties that can be lost include the all-important property of termination (with probability 1). In this paper, we first show that a randomized algorithm can indeed lose its termination property if we replace the atomic registers that it uses with linearizable ones.
Impact of Moving Scatterers on Vehicle-to-Vehicle Narrow-Band Channel Characteristics (2014)

A 3-D geometrical propagation model that includes both stationary and moving scatterers around the transmitter and the receiver for narrow-band multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) vehicle-to-vehicle (V-to-V) communications is proposed. Based on the geometrical model, a 3-D parametric reference model for narrow-band MIMO V-to-V multipath fading channels is developed. From the reference model, the corresponding space-time correlation function (ST-CF) and space-Doppler power spectral density (SD-PSD) are derived for a 3-D nonisotropic scattering environment. Finally, the theoretical results are compared with measured data in an urban surface street and Interstate highway road surfaces. The close agreement between the analytically and empirically obtained channel statistics confirms the utility of the proposed model and shows the importance of including moving scatterers in propagation models.
Leptin receptor Gln223Arg polymorphism and breast cancer risk in Nigerian women: A case control study (2008)

Our results suggest that the LEPR Gln223Arg polymorphism in the extracellular domain of the LEPR receptor gene is associated with a modestly increased risk of premenopausal breast cancer in Nigerian women.
Structure of the Extracellular Portion of CD46 Provides Insights into Its Interactions with Complement Proteins and Pathogens (2010)

The human membrane cofactor protein (MCP, CD46) is a central component of the innate immune system. CD46 protects autologous cells from complement attack by binding to complement proteins C3b and C4b and serving as a cofactor for their cleavage. Recent data show that CD46 also plays a role in mediating acquired immune responses, and in triggering autophagy. In addition to these physiologic functions, a significant number of pathogens, including select adenoviruses, measles virus, human herpes virus 6 (HHV-6), Streptococci, and Neisseria, use CD46 as a cell attachment receptor. We have determined the crystal structure of the extracellular region of CD46 in complex with the human adenovirus type 11 fiber knob. Extracellular CD46 comprises four short consensus repeats (SCR1-SCR4) that form an elongated structure resembling a hockey stick, with a long shaft and a short blade. Domains SCR1, SCR2 and SCR3 are arranged in a nearly linear fashion. Unexpectedly, however, the structure reveals a profound bend between domains SCR3 and SCR4, which has implications for the interactions with ligands as well as the orientation of the protein at the cell surface. This bend can be attributed to an insertion of five hydrophobic residues in a SCR3 surface loop. Residues in this loop have been implicated in interactions with complement, indicating that the bend participates in binding to C3b and C4b. The structure provides an accurate framework for mapping all known ligand binding sites onto the surface of CD46, thereby advancing an understanding of how CD46 acts as a receptor for pathogens and physiologic ligands of the immune system.
The cortical response to the oral perception of fat emulsions and the effect of taster status (2011)

The rewarding attributes of foods containing fat are associated with the increase in fat consumption, but little is known of how the complex physical and chemical properties of orally ingested fats are represented and decoded in the brain nor how this impacts feeding behavior within the population. Here, functional MRI (fMRI) is used to assess the brain response to isoviscous, isosweet fat emulsions of increasing fat concentration and to investigate the correlation of behavioral and neuroimaging responses with taster status (TS). Cortical areas activated in response to fat, and those areas positively correlated with fat concentration, were identified. Significant responses that positively correlated with increasing fat concentration were found in the anterior insula, frontal operculum and secondary somatosensory cortex (SII), anterior cingulate cortex, and amygdala. Assessing the effect of TS revealed a strong correlation with self-reported preference of the samples and with cortical response in somatosensory areas [primary somatosensory cortex (SI), SII, and midinsula] and the primary taste area (anterior insula) and a trend in reward areas (amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex). This finding of a strong correlation with TS in somatosensory areas supports the theory of increased mechanosensory trigeminal innervation in high 6-n-propyl-2-thiouracil (PROP) tasters and has been linked to a higher risk of obesity. The interindividual differences in blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) amplitude with TS indicates that segmenting populations by TS will reduce the heterogeneity of BOLD responses, improving signal detection power.
Synthetic and Mechanistic Investigations on the Rearrangement of 2,3‐Unsaturated 1,4‐Bis(alkylidene)carbenes to Enediynes (2007)

Abstract The synthesis of 3,4‐ene‐1,5‐diynes, the key structural moiety present in several naturally occurring antitumor antibiotics, from 1,2‐enedialdehydes under two different experimental conditions is reported. One method involves the dibromomethylenation of dialdehydes under Corey–Fuchs conditions (CBr 4 , Ph 3 P, and Zn) and treatment of the resulting tetrabromides with n BuLi or LDA to afford enediynes. The second method involves a base‐mediated reaction of enedialdehydes with diethyl (1‐diazo‐2‐oxopropyl)phosphonate (Bestmann–Ohira reagent) and subsequent transformation of the bis(diazo) compounds generated in situ to enediynes. While the transformation of bis(diazo) compounds to enediynes could take place exclusively through alkylidenecarbenes, generated in situ by geminal elimination of N 2 , an alternative pathway, involving the vicinal elimination of HBr to afford an intermediate bromoalkyne and its subsequent metal‐halogen exchange and protonation during workup, exists for the bis(dibromoalkylidenes). However, our deuterium‐labeling experiments with a model substrate, deuterated p ‐methoxybenzylidene dibromide, established the predominance of the alkylidenecarbenes, generated in situ by metal‐halogen exchange and elimination, for this substrate and, by analogy, for the tetrabromides as well. The scope of this novel methodology was extended to the synthesis of various heteroatom‐based (S, Se, and P) enediynes by quenching the acetylides with suitable electrophiles. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Fundamental SNR Limits Imposed by ASE in Frequency-Shifting Loops (2022)

Recirculating frequency-shifting loops (FSLs) are a simple source of optical frequency combs with bandwidth compatible with microwave technologies. As such, they have demonstrated promising capabilities for telecommunications, remote sensing, and microwave photonics. In these systems, the coherent frequency comb is produced by recirculation of a single frequency laser in a fiber loop containing a frequency shifter. Due to the insertion of an optical amplifier in the loop to compensate for the losses, amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) is inevitably emitted and superimposes to the coherent output. In this paper, we quantify theoretically the contribution of the ASE background to the FSL output for different types of receivers used in FSL-based techniques: direct, self-heterodyne, and dual-comb detection. In particular, we focus on two important practical applications of FSL: coherent optical reflectometry and real-time Fourier transforms of radio-frequency signals. We provide for each of them numerical estimations of the signal-to-noise ratio and dynamic range. This work constitutes a compact framework for the general evaluation of techniques based on FSLs.
Multiple open-circuit fault diagnosis in voltage-fed PWM motor drives using the current Park's Vector phase and the currents polarity (2011)

Presently, condition monitoring and fault diagnostics in electric drives are already considered essential to optimize maintenance operations and increase reliability levels. Regarding fault-tolerant inverters, it is well known that reliable fault diagnostic methods are mandatory to trigger remedial actions. This paper presents a diagnostic method for multiple open-circuit faults in pulse-width-modulation (PWM) voltage source inverters (VSI) feeding ac motors, with a special focus on the issue of false alarms during transients, such as load or speed changes. The diagnostic method combines a detection method based on derivative of the current Park's Vector phase, which guarantees robustness to transients, with a localization method based on the currents polarity, which allows for multiple faults diagnosis. In order to prove the reliability and effectiveness of the proposed fault diagnostic method, several simulation and experimental results are presented, using a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive.
A family of linear complexity likelihood ascent search multiuser detectors for CDMA communications (2002)

We propose a family of likelihood ascent search (LAS) detectors that achieve maximum likelihood detection in a subset of hypotheses whereas their expected per-bit computational complexity is linear in the number of users. The LAS detectors monotonically increase likelihood at every search step, and thus monotonically decrease the error probability and converge to a fixed point in a finite number of steps with probability one. It is proved that the thresholds set up in the LAS detectors are necessary and sufficient for monotonic likelihood ascent for an arbitrary signature crosscorrelation matrix with probability one. Among the LAS detectors, the set of wide-sense sequential LAS (WSLAS) detectors is shown to be a set of local maximum likelihood (LML) detectors defined with neighborhood size one. The properties of the fixed points and their observation regions are studied. Simulations are carried out and verify analytical results.