gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dentin Hypersensitivity and Oxalates (2010)

Treatment of dentin hypersensitivity with oxalates is common, but oxalate efficacy remains unclear. Our objective was to systematically review clinical trials reporting an oxalate treatment compared with no treatment or placebo with a dentin hypersensitivity outcome. Risk-of-bias assessment and data extraction were performed independently by two reviewers. Standardized mean differences (SMD) were estimated by random-effects meta-analysis. Of 677 unique citations, 12 studies with high risk-of-bias were included. The summary SMD for 3% monohydrogen-monopotassium oxalate (n = 8 studies) was -0.71 [95% Confidence Interval: -1.48, 0.06]. Other treatments, including 30% dipotassium oxalate (n = 1), 30% dipotassium oxalate plus 3% monohydrogen monopotassium oxalate (n = 3), 6% monohydrogen monopotassium oxalate (n = 1), 6.8% ferric oxalate (n = 1), and oxalate-containing resin (n = 1), also were not statistically significantly different from placebo treatments. With the possible exception of 3% monohydrogen monopotassium oxalate, available evidence currently does not support the recommendation of dentin hypersensitivity treatment with oxalates.
THE EFFECT OF INTRAVENOUSLY INJECTED CITRATE ON THE SERUM IONIZED CALCIUM IN THE RABBIT (1951)

The effect of intravenously injected citrate solution, in various amounts and at different rates of administration, on the calcium ion concentration of the plasma was studied in the rabbit. The concentration of calcium ions was measured by means of the frog heart preparation. The rabbit is capable of rapidly clearing and disposing of large amounts of citrate. No effect on the calcium ion concentration of the blood could be demonstrated except when a concentrated solution of citrate was injected sufficiently rapidly to produce convulsions. Even under these conditions the calcium ion concentration in the blood was rapidly restored and usually a complete recovery was made within five minutes. Citrate is readily utilizable in the body.
Evaluación de residuos de la industria forestal por un sistema de FSS de presacarificación con fines a la producción de alcohol (2011)

This work intends to collaborate in the development of the technology needed to transform lignocellulosic materials into bioethanol through a process that is both eficient and profitable so it can be deployed in the industry. In a system of solid fermentation, waste from the forestry industry was treated in a two stage process. At first, the material was inoculated with microorganisms that present ligninolytic activity (Tramentes versicolor y Pleurotus ostreatus) and then with microorganisms with cellulolytic activity (Trichoderma reesei). To assess the results, the fermentable sugars content was determined, and the samples treated with fungi showed a higher content than the untreated ones. Other parameters took into consideration where the ADF and the NDF, which were lower in the treated material, showing a plausible predigestion. Some measures of absorbance at wavelengths in between 200nm and 400nm were made to assess the products from the lignine degradation and it showed an increase in the treated samples. To assess the effectiveness of the treatment, enzymatic sacarifications were done on both treated and untreated material and the reductor sugars were later measured through DNS. As a result, an increase of 45 % was found in the treated samples. The high performances obtained allows us to consider it as a low cost presacarification methodology. The applicability of the process appears to be promising and because of the high variability of the results there will be further work done in its optimization.
Predicting the Significance of Injuries Potentially Caused by Non-Lethal Weapons: Tympanic Membrane Rupture (TMR), Permanent Threshold Shift (PTS), and Photothermal Retinal Lesions (2016)

Abstract : On June 21, 2016, the Institute for Defense Analyses (IDA) presented the results of three of its recent analyses to the Health Effects Review Board (HERB).Members of the multi-service HERB include health care professionals and safety officers. The purpose of IDAs analyses was to predict the significance of injuries potentially caused by Non-Lethal Weapons.
Dapagliflozin in Patients Recently Hospitalized With Heart Failure and Mildly Reduced or Preserved Ejection Fraction (2022)

Dapagliflozin safely reduced risk of worsening HF or cardiovascular death similarly in patients with and without history of recent HF hospitalization. Starting dapagliflozin during or shortly after HF hospitalization in patients with mildly reduced or preserved LVEF appears safe and effective. (Dapagliflozin Evaluation to Improve the LIVEs of Patients With PReserved Ejection Fraction Heart Failure [DELIVER]; NCT03619213).
On the Early History of the Singular Value Decomposition (1993)

This paper surveys the contributions of five mathematicians—Eugenio Beltrami (1835–1899), Camille Jordan (1838–1921), James Joseph Sylvester (1814–1897), Erhard Schmidt (1876–1959), and Hermann Weyl (1885–1955)—who were responsible for establishing the existence of the singular value decomposition and developing its theory.
Monitoring and testing corrosion and responsive behaviour in galvanic systems. (2019)

Testing methods for corrosion prevention in structures have, historically, been based on the steel polarising from the protective current. Modern galvanic systems aim to protect the steel by restoring the protective alkaline environment, rather than through polarisation. Since 2012 standard guidelines allow for alternative testing to be used [1]. Scientific testing of galvanic systems will be discussed looking at the nature of constant potential galvanic systems and comparing them to the traditional constant current impressed systems, looking in particular at unique anode behaviours such as low median current during times of low corrosion risk and responsive behaviour during corrosion hazards. This work lays out a protocol for the evaluation and testing of existing galvanic corrosion protection (CP) systems in reinforced concrete through the lens of various real-world studies. Data taken from over a decade of monitored systems are used to support the protocol. Modern testing strategies such as 2-dimensional relative potential mapping and corrosion rate monitoring will measure the steel's corrosion. Galvanic currents rise and fall with corrosion risk providing protection while ensuring a long life to the design.
The Electrical Conductivity of Solutions of Metals in Their Molten Halides. VIII. Alkaline Earth Metal Systems1 (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Electrical Conductivity of Solutions of Metals in Their Molten Halides. VIII. Alkaline Earth Metal Systems1A. S. Dworkin, H. R. Bronstein, and M. A. BredigCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1966, 70, 7, 2384–2388Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100879a048https://doi.org/10.1021/j100879a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views270Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Reduction Behavior of CeO2−ZrO2Solid Solution Prepared from Cerium Zirconyl Oxalate (1998)

CeO2−ZrO2 solid solutions were prepared by means of thermal decomposition of cerium zirconyl oxalate in an argon flow at 1273 K followed by oxidation at 673−873 K in air. The reduction behavior of the obtained CeO2−ZrO2 powders was investigated and compared with the samples prepared by the other methods already reported to yield CeO2−ZrO2 powders with high redox activity. The CeO2−ZrO2 samples prepared from the oxalate showed excellent reduction behavior, despite their very low surface areas. The reason for the excellent oxygen evolution behavior of the powders was discussed, from the viewpoints of the structure and the preparation process, and was attributed to both the appearance of a cubic phase with a different oxygen arrangement and the reduction by carbon formed in the sample preparation process.
Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 5a Subgenomic Replicons for Evaluation of Direct-Acting Antiviral Agents (2014)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) exists as six major genotypes that differ in geographical distribution, pathogenesis, and response to antiviral therapy. In vitro replication systems for all HCV genotypes except genotype 5 have been reported. In this study, we recovered genotype 5a full-length genomes from four infected voluntary blood donors in South Africa and established a G418-selectable subgenomic replicon system using one of these strains. The replicon derived from the wild-type sequence failed to replicate in Huh-7.5 cells. However, the inclusion of the S2205I amino acid substitution, a cell culture-adaptive change originally described for a genotype 1b replicon, resulted in a small number of G418-resistant cell colonies. HCV RNA replication in these cells was confirmed by quantification of viral RNA and detection of the nonstructural protein NS5A. Sequence analysis of the viral RNAs isolated from multiple independent cell clones revealed the presence of several nonsynonymous mutations, which were localized mainly in the NS3 protein. These mutations, when introduced back into the parental backbone, significantly increased colony formation. To facilitate convenient monitoring of HCV RNA replication levels, the mutant with the highest replication level was further modified to express a fusion protein of firefly luciferase and neomycin phosphotransferase. Using such replicons from genotypes 1a, 1b, 2a, 3a, 4a, and 5a, we compared the effects of various HCV inhibitors on their replication. In conclusion, we have established an in vitro replication system for HCV genotype 5a, which will be useful for the development of pan-genotype anti-HCV compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: IMPROVED PREPARATION OF (+)‐(R)‐METHYLOXIRANE (1981)

Abstract Aus dem (+)‐(S)‐Ethy]1actat (Ia) erhält man nach Umwandlung in das Mesylat (Ib) mit Lithiumalanat die Hydroxy‐ Verbindung (II), die durch Behandlung mit KOH zum (+)‐(R)‐Methyl‐oxiran (III) cyclisiert wird.
EigenGame Unloaded: When playing games is better than optimizing (2021)

We build on the recently proposed EigenGame that views eigendecomposition as a competitive game. EigenGame's updates are biased if computed using minibatches of data, which hinders convergence and more sophisticated parallelism in the stochastic setting. In this work, we propose an unbiased stochastic update that is asymptotically equivalent to EigenGame, enjoys greater parallelism allowing computation on datasets of larger sample sizes, and outperforms EigenGame in experiments. We present applications to finding the principal components of massive datasets and performing spectral clustering of graphs. We analyze and discuss our proposed update in the context of EigenGame and the shift in perspective from optimization to games.
An open-label, single-dose study to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of cinacalcet in pediatric subjects aged 28 days to < 6 years with chronic kidney disease receiving dialysis (2018)

Abstract Background Calcimimetics, shown to control biochemical parameters of secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT), have well-established safety and pharmacokinetic profiles in adult end-stage renal disease subjects treated with dialysis; however, such studies are limited in pediatric subjects. Methods In this study, the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharmacodynamics (PD) of cinacalcet were evaluated in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and SHPT receiving dialysis. Twelve subjects received a single dose of cinacalcet (0.25 mg/kg) orally or by nasogastric or gastric tube. Subjects were randomized to one of two parathyroid hormone (PTH) and serum calcium sampling sequences: [(1) 2, 8, 48 h; or (2) 2, 12, 48 h] and assessed for 72 h after dosing. Results Median plasma cinacalcet t max was 1 h (range 0.5–4.0 h); mean (SD) C max and AUC last were 2.83 (1.98) ng/mL and 11.8 (8.74) h*ng/mL, respectively; mean (SD) half-life ( t 1/2 ) was 3.70 (2.57) h. Dose adjustments, based upon body weight (mg/kg), minimized the effects of age, body weight, body surface area, and body mass index on cinacalcet PK. Reductions in serum PTH levels from baseline were observed at 2 to 8 h post-dose (median 10.8 and 29.6%, respectively), returned towards baseline by 12–72 h and were inversely related to changes in the plasma cinacalcet PK profile. Single-dose cinacalcet was well-tolerated with no unexpected safety findings and a PK/PD, safety profile similar to adults. Conclusions In conclusion, a single 0.25 mg/kg dose of cinacalcet was evaluated to be a safe starting dose in these children aged &lt; 6 years.
A Photonic Microwave Filter Based on an Asymmetric Silicon Mach-Zehnder Modulator (2013)

A new approach for implementing an integrable photonic microwave filter based on exploiting the asymmetry of a CMOS-compatible silicon Mach-Zehnder modulator is demonstrated. The strong dependence of the modulator response with wavelength is exploited for achieving positive and negative taps and, therefore, a fully reconfigurable filter, without the complexity of previous approaches. Two filter responses with two and three taps are experimentally demonstrated, showing the proof-of-principle for frequencies up to 10 GHz and thus going one step further toward a full integration of the complete filter device in the CMOS-compatible silicon photonics platform.
Pharmaceutical-Oriented Selective Synthesis of Mononitriles and Dinitriles Directly from Methyl(hetero)arenes: Access to Chiral Nitriles and Citalopram (2016)

A pharmaceutical-oriented, transition-metal-free, cyanide-free one-step direct transformation of methylarenes to aryl nitriles is described. For the dimethylarenes, the selectivity can be well-controlled to form mononitriles or dinitriles. Enantioenriched nitriles can also be synthesized by this method. As a pharmaceutically practical method, the antidepressant drug citalopram was synthesized from cheap and commercially abundant m-xylene on a gram scale in high yield, avoiding transition-metal residues and toxic cyanides.
Effect of starvation on brain glucose metabolism and 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose uptake: an experimental in-vivo and ex-vivo study (2018)

STS markedly decreases brain glucose consumption without altering measured FDG SUV in mouse experimental models. This apparent paradox does not reflect any change in lumped constant. Rather, it might be explained by the metabolic response of the whole body: the decrease in FDG sequestration by the skeletal muscle is as profound as to prolong tracer persistence in the bloodstream and thus its availability for brain uptake.
The shared microbiota of humans and companion animals as evaluated from Staphylococcus carriage sites (2015)

Staphylococcus aureus and other coagulase-positive staphylococci (CPS) colonize skin and mucous membrane sites and can cause skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) in humans and animals. Factors modulating methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) colonization and infection in humans remain unclear, including the role of the greater microbial community and environmental factors such as contact with companion animals. In the context of a parent study evaluating the households of outpatients with community MRSA SSTI, the objectives of this study were 1) to characterize the microbiota that colonizes typical coagulase-positive Staphylococcus spp. carriage sites in humans and their companion pets, 2) to analyze associations between Staphylococcus infection and carriage and the composition and diversity of microbial communities, and 3) to analyze factors that influence sharing of microbiota between pets and humans. We enrolled 25 households containing 56 pets and 30 humans. Sampling locations were matched to anatomical sites cultured by the parent study for MRSA and other CPS. Bacterial microbiota were characterized by sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA genes. Household membership was strongly associated with microbial communities, in both humans and pets. Pets were colonized with a greater relative abundance of Proteobacteria, whereas people were colonized with greater relative abundances of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria. We did not detect differences in microbiota associated with MRSA SSTI, or carriage of MRSA, S. aureus or CPS. Humans in households without pets were more similar to each other than humans in pet-owning households, suggesting that companion animals may play a role in microbial transfer. We examined changes in microbiota over a 3-month time period and found that pet staphylococcal carriage sites were more stable than human carriage sites. We characterized and identified patterns of microbiota sharing and stability between humans and companion animals. While we did not detect associations with MRSA SSTI, or carriage of MRSA, S. aureus or CPS in this small sample size, larger studies are warranted to fully explore how microbial communities may be associated with and contribute to MRSA and/or CPS colonization, infection, and recurrence.
Malware detection using statistical analysis of byte-level file content (2009)

Commercial anti-virus software are unable to provide protection against newly launched (a.k.a zero-day) malware. In this paper, we propose a novel malware detection technique which is based on the analysis of byte-level file content. The novelty of our approach, compared with existing content based mining schemes, is that it does not memorize specific byte-sequences or strings appearing in the actual file content. Our technique is non-signature based and therefore has the potential to detect previously unknown and zero-day malware. We compute a wide range of statistical and information-theoretic features in a block-wise manner to quantify the byte-level file content. We leverage standard data mining algorithms to classify the file content of every block as normal or potentially malicious. Finally, we correlate the block-wise classification results of a given file to categorize it as benign or malware. Since the proposed scheme operates at the byte-level file content; therefore, it does not require any a priori information about the filetype. We have tested our proposed technique using a benign dataset comprising of six different filetypes --- DOC, EXE, JPG, MP3, PDF and ZIP and a malware dataset comprising of six different malware types --- backdoor, trojan, virus, worm, constructor and miscellaneous. We also perform a comparison with existing data mining based malware detection techniques. The results of our experiments show that the proposed nonsignature based technique surpasses the existing techniques and achieves more than 90% detection accuracy.
MobiToss (2008)

This paper presents MobiToss, a novel application for creating and sharing mobile multimedia art with an off-the-shelf mobile phone equipped with built-in accelerometer sensors allowing gesture control. The user first takes a photo or captures a video with the phone and then using a 'throwing' gesture transfers the clip onto a large public display for instant viewing and manipulation by tilting the phone in different directions. The system augments the user-created clip with other items such as music or brand labels and the encoded clip is automatically sent back to the phone as a personal artefact of the event. The clip is also uploaded to a dedicated community website for sharing the created multimedia art with others. MobiToss could be deployed e.g. in clubs, pubs and concerts as a participatory VJ-tool. In addition to the design the paper presents the results of a preliminary user evaluation, which highlight the novel art experience provided by MobiToss.
A comparative geochemical study of bituminous boat remains from H3, As‐Sabiyah (Kuwait), and RJ‐2, Ra's al‐Jinz (Oman) (2005)

This paper presents a geochemical analysis of fragments of bituminous amalgam from H3, As‐Sabiyah (Kuwait), and RJ‐2, Ra's al‐Jinz (Oman). The fragments bear barnacles on one side and reed impressions on the other, and are thought to have been part of the coating of reed‐bundle boats. The material from H3 dates to between 5300–4900 BC, while that of RJ‐2 dates to 2500–2100 BC. Samples from both sites were geochemically compared to archaeological and ethnographic material from Kosak Shamali (northern Syria, c. 5000–4400 BC), RH‐5 (Oman, 4400–3500 BC) and Baghdad (central Iraq, 1900 AD). The composition of the bituminous amalgams was studied in detail. Rock‐Eval Pyrolysis gave a measure of Total Organic Carbon in the samples, and allowed an initial comparison of the data sets using various parameters. Examination of the proportions of soluble and insoluble organic matter allowed an assessment of the quantity of vegetal matter added to the bitumen to make the bituminous amalgam. The composition of the Ra's al‐Jinz material was studied using X‐Ray Diffraction analysis and thin‐section petrography, in order to assess the proportions of various minerals in the bituminous amalgams. It was concluded that the recipe for the bituminous mixture used to coat reed‐bundle and wooden boats did not differ significantly from that commonly used to make ‘mortar’ for architectural purposes in Mesopotamia. Traces of animal fats or fish oils were not found in the analysed Ra's al‐Jinz material, in contrast to previous hypotheses regarding the composition of the mixture. Comparison of the gross composition of extractable organic matter (the constituents of pure bitumen, soluble in chloroform or dichloromethane) showed the progressive effects of weathering on the samples. The isotopic composition of the bituminous material from H3 and the other sites was then compared to that of bitumen seeps and crude oils from Mesopotamia, Iran and Oman. The most significant result is that the material from As‐Sabiyah originated in Kuwait, at a surface seep at Burgan, while the material from Ra's al‐Jinz had a source in northern Mesopotamia.
Solving difficult SAT instances in the presence of symmetry (2002)

Research in algorithms for Boolean satisfiability and their implementations [23, 6] has recently outpaced benchmarking efforts. Most of the classic DIMACS benchmarks [10] can be solved in seconds on commodity PCs. More recent benchmarks take longer to solve because of their large size, but are still solved in minutes [25]. Yet, small and difficult SAT instances must exist because Boolean satisfiability is NP-complete.We propose an improved construction of symmetry-breaking clauses [9] and apply it to achieve significant speed-ups over current state-of-the-art in Boolean satisfiability. Our techniques are formulated as pre-processing and can be applied to any SAT solver without changing its source code. We also show that considerations of symmetry may lead to more efficient reductions to SAT in the routing domain.Our work articulates SAT instances that are unusually difficult for their size, including satisfiable instances derived from routing problems. Using an efficient implementation to solve the graph automorphism problem [18, 20, 22], we show that in structured SAT instances difficulty may be associated with large numbers of symmetries.