gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metabolic Induction and Early Responses of Mouse Blastocyst Developmental Programming following Maternal Low Protein Diet Affecting Life-Long Health (2012)

Previously, we have shown that a maternal low protein diet, fed exclusively during the preimplantation period of mouse development (Emb-LPD), is sufficient to induce by the blastocyst stage a compensatory growth phenotype in late gestation and postnatally, correlating with increased risk of adult onset cardiovascular disease and behavioural dysfunction. Here, we examine mechanisms of induction of maternal Emb-LPD programming and early compensatory responses by the embryo. Emb-LPD induced changes in maternal serum metabolites at the time of blastocyst formation (E3.5), notably reduced insulin and increased glucose, together with reduced levels of free amino acids (AAs) including branched chain AAs leucine, isoleucine and valine. Emb-LPD also caused reduction in the branched chain AAs within uterine fluid at the blastocyst stage. These maternal changes coincided with an altered content of blastocyst AAs and reduced mTORC1 signalling within blastocysts evident in reduced phosphorylation of effector S6 ribosomal protein and its ratio to total S6 protein but no change in effector 4E-BP1 phosphorylated and total pools. These changes were accompanied by increased proliferation of blastocyst trophectoderm and total cells and subsequent increased spreading of trophoblast cells in blastocyst outgrowths. We propose that induction of metabolic programming following Emb-LPD is achieved through mTORC1signalling which acts as a sensor for preimplantation embryos to detect maternal nutrient levels via branched chain AAs and/or insulin availability. Moreover, this induction step associates with changes in extra-embryonic trophectoderm behaviour occurring as early compensatory responses leading to later nutrient recovery.
Development of a BR–UASB–DHS system for natural rubber processing wastewater treatment (2015)

Natural rubber processing wastewater contains high concentrations of organic compounds, nitrogen, and other contaminants. In this study, a treatment system composed of a baffled reactor (BR), an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor, and a downflow hanging sponge (DHS) reactor was used to treat natural rubber processing wastewater in Vietnam. The BR showed good total suspended solids (TSS) removal of 47.6%, as well as acidification of wastewater. The UASB reactor achieved a high chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency of 92.7 ± 2.3% and energy recovery in the form of methane with an organic loading rate of 12.2 ± 6.6 kg-COD m<sup>-3</sup> day<sup>-1</sup>. The DHS reactor showed high performance in residual organic matter removal from UASB effluent. In total, the system achieved high-level total COD removal of 98.6% ± 1.2% and TSS removal of 98.0% ± 1.4%. Massive parallel 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the retained sludge in the UASB reactor showed the predominant microbial phyla to be Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, WWE1, and Euryarchaeota. Uncultured bacteria belonging to the phylum Bacteroidetes and Phylum WWE1 were predominant in the UASB reactor. This microbial assemblage utilizes the organic compounds contained in natural rubber processing wastewater. In addition, the methane-producing archaea Methanosaeta sp. and Methanolinea sp. were detected.
Conversion of Polyolefin Waste to Liquid Alkanes with Ru-Based Catalysts under Mild Conditions (2020)

&lt;p&gt;Chemical upcycling of waste polyolefins via hydrogenolysis offers unique opportunities for selective depolymerization compared to high temperature thermal deconstruction. Here, we demonstrate the hydrogenolysis of polyethylene into liquid alkanes under mild conditions using ruthenium nanoparticles sup-ported on carbon (Ru/C). Reactivity studies on a model &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt;-octadecane substrate showed that Ru/C catalysts are highly active and se-lective for the hydrogenolysis of C(sp&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;)-C(sp&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;) bonds at temperatures ranging from 200-250°C. Under optimal conditions of 200°C in 20 bar H2, polyethylene (average Mw ~4,000) was converted into liquid &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt;-alkanes with yields of up to 45% by mass after 16 h using a 5 wt% Ru/C catalyst, with the remaining products comprising light alkane gases (C1-C6). At 250°C, nearly stoichiometric yields of CH4 were obtained from polyethylene over the catalyst. The hy-drogenolysis of long chain, low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and a post-consumer LDPE plastic bottle to produce C7-C45 alkanes was also achieved over Ru/C, demonstrating the feasibility of this reac-tion for the valorization of realistic post-consumer plastic waste. By identifying Ru-based catalysts as a class of active materials for the hydrogenolysis of polyethene, this study opens new avenues for the valorization of plastic waste under mild conditions.&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
Efficacy of a standardized echinacea preparation (EchinilinTM) for the treatment of the common cold: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (2004)

Early intervention with a standardized formulation of echinacea resulted in reduced symptom severity in subjects with naturally acquired upper respiratory tract infection. Further studies with larger patient populations appear to be warranted.
Total Synthesis and Antibacterial Testing of the A54556 Cyclic Acyldepsipeptides Isolated from Streptomyces hawaiiensis (2014)

The first total synthesis of all six known A54556 acyldepsipeptide (ADEP) antibiotics from Streptomyces hawaiiensis is reported. This family of compounds has a unique mechanism of antibacterial action, acting as activators of caseinolytic protease (ClpP). Assembly of the 16-membered depsipeptide core was accomplished via a pentafluorophenyl ester-based macrolactamization strategy. Late stage amine deprotection was carried out under neutral conditions by employing a mild hydrogenolysis strategy, which avoids the formation of undesired ring-opened depsipeptide side products encountered during deprotection of acid-labile protecting groups. The free amines were found to be significantly more reactive toward late stage amide bond formation as compared to the corresponding ammonium salts, giving final products in excellent yields. A thorough NMR spectroscopic analysis of these compounds was carried out to formally assign the structures and to aid with the spectroscopic assignment of ADEP analogues. The identity of two of the structures was confirmed by comparison with biologically produced samples from S. hawaiiensis. An X-ray crystallographic analysis of an ADEP analogue reveals a conformation similar to that found in cocrystal structures of ADEPs with ClpP protease. The degree of antibacterial activity of the different compounds was evaluated in vitro using MIC assays employing both Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains and a fluorescence-based biochemical assay.
CLEX: Yet Another Supercomputer Architecture? (2016)

We propose the CLEX supercomputer topology and routing scheme. We prove that CLEX can utilize a constant fraction of the total bandwidth for point-to-point communication, at delays proportional to the sum of the number of intermediate hops and the maximum physical distance between any two nodes. Moreover, % applying an asymmetric bandwidth assignment to the links, all-to-all communication can be realized $(1+o(1))$-optimally both with regard to bandwidth and delays. This is achieved at node degrees of $n^{\varepsilon}$, for an arbitrary small constant $\varepsilon\in (0,1]$. In contrast, these results are impossible in any network featuring constant or polylogarithmic node degrees. Through simulation, we assess the benefits of an implementation of the proposed communication strategy. Our results indicate that, for a million processors, CLEX can increase bandwidth utilization and reduce average routing path length by at least factors $10$ respectively $5$ in comparison to a torus network. Furthermore, the CLEX communication scheme features several other properties, such as deadlock-freedom, inherent fault-tolerance, and canonical partition into smaller subsystems.
The role of CXCL10 in the pathogenesis of experimental septic shock (2014)

CXCL10 plays a role in the pathogenesis of CLP-induced septic shock and could serve as a therapeutic target during the acute phase of septic shock.
Indications, Efficacy, Safety and Complications of Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery (2022)

Kidney stones are one of the most prevalent disorders associated with significant morbidity. Initially the renal stones were treated with open surgery but with the advancements in technology shift towards the minimally invasive therapeutic procedures is observed. Recent technological advances in the field of urology have led to more prevalent use of retrograde intrarenal surgery for the treatment of urolithiasis. The introduction of new laser systems and advanced flexible ureteroscopy with a small ureteroscope have contributed to increase in indications for intrarenal surgery to include not only larger kidney stones &gt; 2 cm, but also urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract, urethra, and idiopathic renal haematuria. Retrograde intrarenal surgery is one of the most safe and effective minimally invasive technique which due to its positive outcomes and less rate of complications has gained much popularity in the field of urology with the passage of time. The purpose of this research is to review the available information about the indications, efficacy, safety and complications of retrograde intrarenal surgery. Retrograde intrarenal renal surgery is indicated in various cases including lower calyx stones and stones greater than 2 cm among many others. Evidence from the literature suggests retrograde intrarenal surgery as quite a safe and effective method with high success rate and minimum and minor complications being reported. In future more randomized trial studies on retrograde intrarenal surgery can however significantly contribute to literature and benefit clinical practice also
Analyzing and enhancing direct NDP designs using a control-theoretic approach (2003)

Direct NDP is in the family of approximate dynamic programming designs aiming at using learning and approximation methods to solve dynamic optimization problems formulated in dynamic programming, and to overcome the curse of dimensionality. Due to the statistical learning nature of the approaches, researchers usually make use of statistical measures to evaluate the design performance of the learning system such as the learning speed and the variation from one learning experience to the other. However, there are no systematic studies to date that address closed loop system performance from an input-output functional perspective. This paper analyzes direct NDP designs using classic control-theoretic sensitivity arguments. By using the benchmark cart-pole problem, it is shown that direct NDP uses an LQR with desired closed-loop properties as a learning guide, it is more likely for direct NDP to generate better designs than a direct NDP learning from scratch. Although the approach and results are illustrated using a simple nonlinear cart-pole system, it is clear that they are readily extended to more complex dynamical systems.
Molecular and cellular targets of anti‐IgE antibodies (2005)

Immunoglobulin E (IgE) was the last of the immunoglobulins discovered. It is present in very low amounts (nano- to micro-gram per ml range) in the serum of normal healthy individuals and normal laboratory mouse strains and has a very short half-life. This contrasts with the other immunoglobulin classes, which are present in much higher concentrations (micro- to milligram per ml range) and form a substantial component of serum proteins. Immunoglobulins play a role in homeostatic mechanisms and they represent the humoral arm of defence against pathogenic organisms. Since IgE antibodies play a key role in allergic disorders, a number of approaches to inhibit IgE antibody production are currently being explored. In the recent past the use of nonanaphylactic, humanized anti-IgE antibodies became a new therapeutic strategy for allergic diseases. The therapeutic rational beyond the idea derives from the ability of the anti-IgE antibodies to bind to the same domains on the IgE molecule that interact with the high-affinity IgE receptor, thereby interfering with the binding of IgE to this receptor without cross-linking the IgE on the receptor (nonanaphylactic anti-IgE antibodies). Treatment with anti-IgE antibodies leads primarily to a decrease in serum IgE levels. As a consequence thereof, the number of high-affinity IgE receptors on mast cells and basophils decreases, leading to a lower excitability of the effector cells reducing the release of inflammatory mediator such as histamine, prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Experimental studies in mice indicate that injection of some monoclonal anti-IgE antibodies also inhibited IgE production in vivo. The biological mechanism behind this reduction remains speculative. A possible explanation may be that these antibodies can also interact with membrane bound IgE on B cells, which could interfere the IgE production.
Designing and Engineering a Sustainable Polymer Material by Blending Poly(lactic acid) and Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (2017)

Polymer blends containing poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) were made by extrusion and injection molding. Due to the immiscible nature of the two, coupling was required. Additives were found that increased adhesion between the two, leading to increased performance. This work outlines the development and detailed characterization of the blends. There are several areas of focus in this work. The processing of each polymer was assessed and the effects of particular process conditions were studied. Notably, ABS had a propensity to thermo-oxidative degradation, which is outline in the first original research chapter. The effects of the additives on the blend properties were investigated on the blends, showing the development of high performance blends. The effect of increasing the range of PLA contents was also studied. Statistical optimization was done to find the best blend formulation. Finally, the structure development of the blends was studied.
Multiobjective Optimization and Hybrid Evolutionary Algorithm to Solve Constrained Optimization Problems (2007)

This paper presents a novel evolutionary algorithm (EA) for constrained optimization problems, i.e., the hybrid constrained optimization EA (HCOEA). This algorithm effectively combines multiobjective optimization with global and local search models. In performing the global search, a niching genetic algorithm based on tournament selection is proposed. Also, HCOEA has adopted a parallel local search operator that implements a clustering partition of the population and multiparent crossover to generate the offspring population. Then, nondominated individuals in the offspring population are used to replace the dominated individuals in the parent population. Meanwhile, the best infeasible individual replacement scheme is devised for the purpose of rapidly guiding the population toward the feasible region of the search space. During the evolutionary process, the global search model effectively promotes high population diversity, and the local search model remarkably accelerates the convergence speed. HCOEA is tested on 13 well-known benchmark functions, and the experimental results suggest that it is more robust and efficient than other state-of-the-art algorithms from the literature in terms of the selected performance metrics, such as the best, median, mean, and worst objective function values and the standard deviations.
Attractive interactions between negatively charged dust particles in a plasma (2004)

Summary form only given. Plasma dust particle interactions, charges, and screening lengths are derived from measurements of time-dependent particle positions in a simplified geometry. The magnitude and structure of the ion wake-field potential below a negatively-charged dust particle levitated in the plasma sheath region were measured as functions of the pressure and interparticle spacing. Attractive and repulsive components of the interaction force were extracted from a trajectory analysis of low-energy dust collisions between different mass particles in a well-defined electrostatic potential that constrained the dynamics of the collisions to be one dimensional. Typical peak attractions varied between 60 and 230 fN while the peak particle-particle repulsion was on the order of 60 fN. Random thermal motion of the particles contributed to observable rates for transitions between different equilibrium configurations of vertically separated particles. We also observed a slight potential barrier that impeded the formation of vertically aligned pairs. The influence of nearest- and non-nearest-neighbor interactions on calculated particle parameters are examined using several methods. Implications for plasma/surface interactions and plasma dielectric charging will be discussed.
Time domain analysis of modulated carriers in (non)-linear systems (2002)

A technique will be proposed to separate carrier and modulated signals from modulated carriers in linear or nonlinear systems. The method gives insight in amplitude and phase behaviour of the modulated signal in the time domain and allows faster computation.
Frame Structure Design for IEEE 802.16j Mobile Multihop Relay (MMR) Networks (2007)

Frame structure is critical to an IEEE 802.16e OFDMA network, as it governs the fundamental channel access in both time and frequency domain. The frame structure design is even more complicated in the new mobile multi-hop relay-based (MMR) network architecture, as numerous dimensions of design constraints and challenges have been introduced therein. In this paper, we propose a simple yet flexible framework based upon the current 802.16e OFDMA frame structure design, which enables multihop operation while still maintaining the backward compatibility with the legacy mobile stations. Further performance evaluation not only demonstrates the capacity improvement an MMR network can achieve based upon the proposed frame structure, but also establishes a more profound understanding on the range extension aspect of a relay network.
Textile Resonators With Thin Copper Wire for Wearable MR-WPT System (2016)

This letter presents the comparison of performance of planar textile resonators (PTRs) with various forms of conductive patterns. The conductive materials of the conductive pattern included copper sheet and copper wires of three different thicknesses. The PTRs with thin copper wires were found to be flexible and stable for wearable applications. To verify the performance of PTRs in MR-WPT, a symmetrical four-coil system was measured. This study considered the normal and standard condition of PTRs without any forms of modification in physical. The results showed that thin copper wires, especially of 1.0 mm thickness, had the highest transfer efficiency of 75.66% because the thickness of copper sheet is not sufficient for skin depth and the current was over ampacity of copper sheet.
Distinct localization of the complement C5b-9 complex on Gram-positive bacteria (2013)

The plasma proteins of the complement system fulfil important immune defence functions, including opsonization of bacteria for phagocytosis, generation of chemo-attractants and direct bacterial killing via the Membrane Attack Complex (MAC or C5b-9). The MAC is comprised of C5b, C6, C7, C8, and multiple copies of C9 that generate lytic pores in cellular membranes. Gram-positive bacteria are protected from MAC-dependent lysis by their thick peptidoglycan layer. Paradoxically, several Gram-positive pathogens secrete small proteins that inhibit C5b-9 formation. In this study, we found that complement activation on Gram-positive bacteria in serum results in specific surface deposition of C5b-9 complexes. Immunoblotting revealed that C9 occurs in both monomeric and polymeric (SDS-stable) forms, indicating the presence of ring-structured C5b-9. Surprisingly, confocal microscopy demonstrated that C5b-9 deposition occurs at specialized regions on the bacterial cell. On Streptococcus pyogenes, C5b-9 deposits near the division septum whereas on Bacillus subtilis the complex is located at the poles. This is in contrast to C3b deposition, which occurs randomly on the bacterial surface. Altogether, these results show a previously unrecognized interaction between the C5b-9 complex and Gram-positive bacteria, which might ultimately lead to a new model of MAC assembly and functioning.
Evaluation of Economical and Environmental Performance of an Internally Heat-Integrated Distillation Column (HIDiC) (2008)

ナフサ分解プロセスから流出するガソリン留分を原料とする設計処理量1650 kg/hのシクロペンタン精製用内部熱交換型蒸留塔（HIDiC）のパイロットプラントを用いて，その省エネルギー性能，二酸化炭素排出量，運転コスト，償却年数について検討した．その結果，リボイラ負荷をゼロとしてHIDiCを操作した場合には，二酸化炭素排出削減量は56.6 kg/h（453 t/y）であり，従来型の蒸留塔と比較して63.5%の削減率が得られることが明らかになった．また，原油価格がUS$90/bbl（約68円/dm3）での省エネルギー効果のみによる償却年数は8年と試算された．本研究から，HIDiCは従来型の蒸留塔よりも温室効果ガスの排出量が少なく，それと同程度の償却年数を有することから地球温暖化防止に寄与する高効率な分離プロセスであることが明らかになった．
<title>Building hierarchical vision model of objects with multiple representations</title> (1992)

Building a hierarchical vision model of an object with multiple representations requires two steps: (1) decomposing the object into parts/subparts and obtaining appropriate representations, and (2) constructing relational links between decomposed parts/subparts obtained in step 1. In this paper, we describe volume-based decomposition and surface-based decomposition of 3-D objects into parts, where the objects are designed by a B-spline based geometric modeler called Alpha-1. Multiple-representation descriptions can be derived for each of these subparts using various techniques such as polygonal approximation, concave/convex edge detection, curvature extrema, and surface normals. For example, subparts of a hammer can be described by two generalized cylinders or one generalized cylinder and one polyhedron. Several examples are presented.
Surface oxide growth on platinum electrode in aqueous trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (2014)

Platinum in the form of nanoparticles is the key and most expensive component of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells, while trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (CF3SO3H) is the smallest fluorinated sulfonic acid. Nafion, which acts as both electrolyte and separator in fuel cells, contains -CF2SO3H groups. Consequently, research on the electrochemical behaviour of Pt in aqueous CF3SO3H solutions creates important background knowledge that can benefit fuel cell development. In this contribution, Pt electro-oxidation is studied in 0.1 M aqueous CF3SO3H as a function of the polarization potential (E(p), 1.10 ≤ E(p) ≤ 1.50 V), polarization time (t(p), 10(0) ≤ t(p) ≤ 10(4) s), and temperature (T, 278 ≤ T ≤ 333 K). The critical thicknesses (X1), which determines the applicability of oxide growth theories, is determined and related to the oxide thickness (d(ox)). Because X1 > d(ox) for the entire range of E(p), t(p), and T values, the formation of Pt surface oxide follows the interfacial place-exchange or the metal cation escape mechanism. The mechanism of Pt electro-oxidation is revised and expanded by taking into account possible interactions of cations, anions, and water molecules with Pt. A modified kinetic equation for the interfacial place exchange is proposed. The application of the interfacial place-exchange and metal cation escape mechanisms leads to an estimation of the Pt(δ+)-O(δ-) surface dipole (μ(PtO)), and the potential drop (V(ox)) and electric field (E(ox)) within the oxide. The Pt-anion interactions affect the oxidation kinetics by indirectly influencing the electric field within the double layer and the surface oxide.