gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Re-evaluation of endogenous development ofEimeria bareillyiGill, Chhabra and Lall, 1963 in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) (2018)

Water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) is important for the economy of Asia, South America and parts of Europe. Coccidiosis is an important cause of neonatal mortality in livestock, including buffalo. Of more than 12 species of Eimeria in buffalo, Eimeria bareillyi is the most pathogenic. There are uncertainties concerning its asexual and sexual development. During a previously reported outbreak of fatal enteritis associated with E. bareillyi in buffaloes in the Netherlands, sections of small intestine were re-evaluated histologically and by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to seek details of endogenous development. Profuse asexual multiplication occurred in the jejunum and ileum. Light microscopic examination revealed that parasites divided in two (probably endodyogeny) or more organisms. There were two or more generations of morphologically different merozoites; some of these observations were confirmed by TEM. Details of gametogonic development, including oocyst wall formation are provided. Schizogonic and gametogonic development described in the present study can serve as a guide for differential diagnosis of Eimeria species in histological sections of intestines of buffaloes.
Extracranial-intracranial bypass surgery (1986)

The ability of extracranial-intracranial bypass surgery to alter favorably the natural history of ischemic cerebrovascular disease remains in question. A recently completed prospective randomized multicenter cooperative trial failed to confirm the hypothesis that the procedure prevents further cerebral ischemia in patients with atherosclerotic internal carotid artery or middle cerebral artery disease. We analyze findings of the study in detail, including possible effects on the natural history of the disease beyond the immediate perioperative period. Potential sources of bias that may have unpredictably affected the study are discussed. These include observational bias (patient and therapist not blinded), “randomization-to-treatment” bias (high morbidity after randomization but before operation), and “prerandomization” or allocation bias (patients in the study representing a selected sample of the population with cerebrovascular disease). The extensive analysis of secondary subgroups with small numbers of patients is discussed in light of the statistical methods used. Two particular classes of patients not addressed in the study who might benefit from the procedure are defined. They are patients failing the best available medical therapy and patients with clearly documented hemodynamic compromise. Possible indications for bypass surgery are suggested for the various lesions in light of the trial and of recent reports on the natural history and pathophysiology of ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Selected cases illustrating these indications are presented. (Neurosurgery 19:655-664, 1986)
Local measurement of the pulse wave velocity using Doppler ultrasound (2002)

Thesis (M.Eng. and S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2002.
Toward Generation of Spatially-Entangled Photon Pairs in a Few-Mode Fiber (2020)

We describe a novel scheme for spatial-mode-entangled photon-pair generation in a few-mode fiber. We experimentally verify the underlying inter-modal parametric processes with two-mode classical signal input and demonstrate high mode purity of the generated idler.
Elevated TRAF4 expression impaired LPS-induced autophagy in mesenchymal stem cells from ankylosing spondylitis patients (2017)

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a type of autoimmune disease that predominantly affects the spine and sacroiliac joints. However, the pathogenesis of AS remains unclear. Some evidence indicates that infection with bacteria, especially Gram-negative bacteria, may have an important role in the onset and progression of AS. Recently, many studies have demonstrated that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) dysfunction may contribute to the pathogenesis of many rheumatic diseases. We previously demonstrated that MSCs from AS patients exhibited markedly enhanced osteogenic differentiation capacity in vitro under non-inflammatory conditions. However, the properties of MSCs from AS patients in an inflammatory environment have never been explored. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a proinflammatory substance derived from the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, can alter the status and function of MSCs. However, whether MSCs from AS patients exhibit abnormal responses to LPS stimulation has not been reported. Autophagy is a lysosome-mediated catabolic process that participates in many physiological and pathological processes. The link between autophagy and AS remains largely unknown. The level of autophagy in ASMSCs after LPS stimulation remains to be addressed. In this study, we demonstrated that although the basal level of autophagy did not differ between MSCs from healthy donors (HDMSCs) and ASMSCs, LPS-induced autophagy was weaker in ASMSCs than in HDMSCs. Specifically, increased TRAF4 expression in ASMSCs impaired LPS-induced autophagy, potentially by inhibiting the phosphorylation of Beclin-1. These data may provide further insight into ASMSC dysfunction and the precise mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of AS.
ChemInform Abstract: Matrix‐Isolation Studies of the Reactions of Iron Atoms and Iron Dimers with Acetylene in an Argon Matrix. (1986)

Abstract An investigation of reactions of acetylene with iron vapors in argon matrices at 15 Kindicates that at very low concentrations of acetylene and iron the monoiron‐acetylene adduct Fe(C 2 I‐I2) is formed.
Characterization of Polycrystalline Silicon Thin-Film Transistors with Nickel-Titanium Oxide Gate Dielectric Coating by Sol-Gel Method (2009)

2009 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials,Characterization of Polycrystalline Silicon Thin-Film Transistors with Nickel-Titanium Oxide Gate Dielectric Coating by Sol-Gel Method
Novel biologically-inspired rosette nanotube PLLA scaffolds for improving human mesenchymal stem cell chondrogenic differentiation (2013)

Cartilage defects are a persistent issue in orthopedic tissue engineering where acute and chronic tissue damage stemming from osteoarthritis, trauma, and sport injuries, present a common and serious clinical problem. Unlike bone, cartilage repair continues to be largely intractable due to the tissue's inherently poor regenerative capacity. Thus, the objective of this study is to design a novel tissue engineered nanostructured cartilage scaffold via biologically-inspired self-assembling rosette nanotubes (RNTs) and biocompatible non-woven poly (l-lactic acid) (PLLA) for enhanced human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) chondrogenic differentiation. Specifically, RNTs are a new class of biomimetic supramolecular nanomaterial obtained through the self-assembly of low-molecular-weight modified guanine/cytosine DNA base hybrids (the G∧C motif) in an aqueous environment. In this study, we synthesized a novel twin G∧C-based RNT (TB-RGDSK) functionalized with cell-favorable arginine-glycine-aspartic acid-serine-lysine (RGDSK) integrin binding peptide and a twin G∧C based RNT with an aminobutane linker molecule (TBL). hMSC adhesion, proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation were evaluated in vitro in scaffold groups consisting of biocompatible PLLA with TBL, 1:9 TB-RGDSK:TBL, and TB-RGDSK, respectively. Our results show that RNTs can remarkably increase total glycosaminoglycan, collagen, and protein production when compared to PLLA controls without nanotubes. Furthermore, the TB-RGDSK with 100% well-organized RGDSK peptides achieved the highest chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs. The current in vitro study illustrated that RNT nanotopography and surface chemistry played an important role in enhancing hMSC chondrogenic differentiation thus making them promising for cartilage regeneration.
Security Vulnerabilities of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and Countermeasures: An Experimental Study (2018)

Drones present a novel airborne platform for new commercial and consumer tasks. Due to their increasing use, security analysis has become necessary. In this paper, we present a collection of fatal attacks, minor observations and associated security vulnerabilities for DJI Phantom 4 Pro(P4P) and Parrot Bebop 2 drones. We also propose some countermeasures to bolster the security of the analyzed drones. In addition to this, we provided a brief overview of the system and embedded architecture of these vehicles. Although DJI has tried to improve security by introducing radio communication and partially encrypted firmware, the P4P still remains vulnerable to GPS spoofing, jamming and other vulnerabilities through DJI-SDK has been exposed in our experimental study. In contrast, Bebop drones are more vulnerable to wireless attacks and we have experimentally validated this for Bebop 2 drone.
Detection of cortical lesions in multiple sclerosis: A new imaging approach (2015)

Cortical lesions occur early in multiple sclerosis (MS) and are thought to have clinical implications. Conventional MRI is insensitive to cortical pathology. Investigational imaging modalities show improved but incomplete cortical lesion detection and are time and resource intensive. Gradient echo plural contrast imaging (GEPCI) is sensitive to MS white matter pathology and can be performed on standard MRI scanners. Here we used GEPCI to examine autopsied MS frontal brain tissues. Two cortical MS lesions were visually distinguished from surrounding tissue by GEPCI and immunohistochemical staining. Furthermore, these lesions were quantitatively differentiated from healthy tissue using GEPCI-derived metrics.
Assembly of Cell Mimicking Supported and Suspended Lipid Bilayer Models for the Study of Molecular Interactions (2021)

Model cell membranes are a useful screening tool with applications ranging from early drug discovery to toxicity studies. The cell membrane is a crucial protective barrier for all cell types, separating the internal cellular components from the extracellular environment. These membranes are composed largely of a lipid bilayer, which contains outer hydrophilic head groups and inner hydrophobic tail groups, along with various proteins and cholesterol. The composition and structure of the lipids themselves play a crucial role in regulating biological function, including interactions between cells and the cellular microenvironment, which may contain pharmaceuticals, biological toxins, and environmental toxicants. In this study, methods to formulate uni-lipid and multi-lipid supported and suspended cell mimicking lipid bilayers are described. Previously, uni-lipid phosphatidylcholine (PC) lipid bilayers as well as multi-lipid placental trophoblast-inspired lipid bilayers were developed for use in understanding molecular interactions. Here, methods for achieving both types of bilayer models will be presented. For cell mimicking multi-lipid bilayers, the desired lipid composition is first determined via lipid extraction from primary cells or cell lines followed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Using this composition, lipid vesicles are fabricated using a thin-film hydration and extrusion method and their hydrodynamic diameter and zeta potential are characterized. Supported and suspended lipid bilayers can then be formed using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) and on a porous membrane for use in a parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA), respectively. The representative results highlight the reproducibility and versatility of in vitro cell membrane lipid bilayer models. The methods presented can aid in rapid, facile assessment of the interaction mechanisms, such as permeation, adsorption, and embedment, of various molecules and macromolecules with a cell membrane, helping in the screening of drug candidates and prediction of potential cellular toxicity.
Resonant switched capacitor converter with high efficiency (2004)

Conventional switched capacitor converters have an inherent drawback that their efficiency is much decreased as the output current is increased. This inherent drawback is due to a periodical forced charging and discharging operation in the internal switched capacitors accompanied by a large capacitor current, so that their efficiency can not be increased by decreasing its internal resistance. As a result, conventional switched capacitor converters have been limited to be used with a very small output current. This paper presents some novel switched capacitor converter topologies that use a resonant operation instead of the forced charging and discharging operation. Their advantage over conventional switched capacitor converters is a high efficiency even in a high output current region. The operation analysis and steady-state characteristics are described in detail for a half-buck type switched capacitor converter, and they are confirmed by experiments.
Intelligent transportation in cities with CTS (2003)

A consortium of 15 European research institutes and private industrial companies, have grouped together to form the CyberCars/CyberMove programs. The programs objective, sponsored by the EC, is to create a new option of intelligent transport systems based on road vehicles with fully automated capabilities, or CTS (cybernetic transportation system). This article describes the CTS background and the main objectives of the program these being the improvement of the technologies and their experimentation in several European cities.
Targeting the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway in the Retina With a Gene-Delivered Secretable and Cell-Penetrating Peptide (2016)

The intravitreally delivered AAV-TatNrf2mer has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in widely-used models of ocular injury, suggesting it also could be useful in ocular diseases associated with oxidative stress and inflammasome activation.
Glutamine modulates phenotype and stimulates proliferation in human colon cancer cell lines. (1994)

Glutamine supplementation has been advocated for patients requiring parenteral nutritional support. However, the direct effect of glutamine on neoplastic cells is poorly understood. We therefore investigated the effects of glutamine on the proliferation, differentiation, and cell-matrix interactions of two human colon carcinoma cell lines (Caco-2 and SW620) adapted to glutamine-free media. Doubling times were calculated by logarithmic transformation of serial cell counts. Alkaline phosphatase, cathepsin C (dipeptidyl peptidase), lactase, and isomaltase expression (markers of differentiation) were assayed by digestion of synthetic substrates. Adhesion to matrix proteins was assessed by colorimetric quantitation of toluidine blue staining of adherent cells. Surface expression of Caco-2 receptors for matrix proteins (integrins) was studied by biotinylation and immunoprecipitation with specific antibodies. Glutamine (1-10 mM) dose-dependently stimulated Caco-2 proliferation on all matrices studied with maximal effect at 7 mM. For instance, Caco-2 doubling time on collagen IV decreased by 57 +/- 0.2% (SE) (P < 0.001). Glutamine inhibited the expression of all four digestive enzymes with maximal inhibition ranging from 10 to 40% (P < 0.05 for all). Adhesion to matrix proteins was markedly diminished (51 +/- 1%, P < 0.01) by glutamine (5 mM) treatment, correlating with decreased alpha 2 and beta 1 integrin subunit surface expression. Glutamine had similar effects on SW620 cells, stimulating proliferation, inhibiting digestive enzyme expression, and diminishing both adhesion and integrin surface expression. Glutamine supplementation modulates the phenotype of at least two human colon carcinoma cell lines, increasing proliferation, decreasing differentiation, and decreasing adhesion to matrix proteins in association with decreased integrin expression. Although the mechanisms of these effects await elucidation, such characteristics would appear to predict more aggressive tumor behavior and raise the possibility that nutritional supplementation with glutamine may be deleterious in patients with cancer.
Essential Guide to Object Monitors (1999)

THE OBJECT MONITOR WORLD The Great Middleware Convergence The Standards Divide: COBRA versus DCOM Introducing the Object Monitor Creating Your OM Product Shortlist OBJECT MONITOR PRODUCT COMPARISONS OrbixOTM from IONA Technologies M3 from BEA Systems Integrated Transaction Service from Inprise Corporation TPBroker from Hitachi MTS from Microsoft ComponentBroker from IBM THE BIG PICTURE The Merger Effect Updating Your Shortlist The Future of Object Monitors Glossary Index.
The Impact of Evaporative Ducting on Covert Communications (2007)

This paper provides a brief primer on tropospheric ducting and examines the potential impact that evaporative ducting has on the intercept vulnerability of covert communication systems. The study considers the intercept vulnerability of a generic ship-based satellite terminal in the presence of evaporative ducting when the threat consists of a total power radiometer. The terminal uplink power is computed to achieve a specified bit error rate at the satellite receiver, which is assumed to be at a geosynchronous altitude. The intercept receiver is assumed to operate by processing intercepted energy from the side lobes of the satellite terminal uplink signal. Both near-surface and airborne threat platforms are considered and a vulnerability analysis is performed for different RF frequencies and uplink data rates. The results demonstrate that evaporative ducting is capable of significantly increasing the intercept range of the satellite terminal when the threat is located near the Earth's surface. By comparison, however, the impact of evaporative ducting is shown to be comparatively minor when the threat receiver is on an airborne platform. This paper addresses an important aspect of ducting that is underrepresented in the literature - the linkage between ducting and communication covertness.
Multiplexing SERS nanotags for the imaging of differentiated mouse embryonic stem cells (mESC) and detection of teratoma in vivo. (2014)

Herein, we report fifty four membered, a new set of novel NIR Raman reporters and CyRLA-572 has been selected to be the best among them considering the signal intensity and stability. This new reporter molecule is an excellent partner with our in house Raman reporters (Cy7LA and Cy7.5LA). These three NIR Raman reporters are adsorbed on the gold nanoparticles to obtain their corresponding unique SERS fingerprints in which three individual characteristic peaks are capable to multiplex among them. These multiplexed Raman reporters are applied to develop biocompatible and specific targeting SERS nanotags after tagging with specific antibodies. These multiplex targeted SERS nanotags are applied to detect three targeting receptors in differentiated mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) consisting three germ layers such as ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. After successful recognition of cells by SERS techniques, we detect simultaneously three germ layers in teratoma which is a monster tumor formed from mESC cells in animal xenograft model.
Clustering Software Components for Component Reuse and Program Restructuring (2013)

Clustering Software Components for efficient component retrieval is gaining a significant practical importance in the field of software engineering from academic researchers and software industry. Clustering reduces the search space of components by grouping similar entities together thus ensuring reduced time complexity. Finding software components for efficient software reuse is one of the important problems gaining interest from researchers. In this Paper, we first define a similarity function and then give a generalized approach for clustering software components. A component may be a program module or any software document. The objective of component clustering is to form clusters containing high cohesive and low coupling components. Experiments were conducted with Reuters 21578 dataset by considering 70% of documents for training and 30% as test data.
Detection and characterization of cyclic hydroxylamine adducts by mass spectrometry (2008)

Two cyclic hydroxylamines (cHA) bearing pyrrolidine (CPH) and piperidine moieties (TMTH) were evaluated to trap hydroxyl, peptide and phospholipid free radicals using mass spectrometry for their detection. The cHA ionized as [M+H](+) ions, showing higher relative abundances when compared to the DMPO, probably due to higher ionization efficiency. In the presence of hydroxyl radicals, both cHA generated new ions that could be attributed to loss of (*)H and (*)CH(3), most likely deriving from decomposition reactions of the nitroxide spin adduct. Addition of cHA to Leucine-enkephalin and palmitoyl-lineloyl-glycerophosphatidylcholine free radicals promoted the formation of cHA biomolecule adducts, which were confirmed by MS/MS data. Results suggest that the cHA are not suitable for hydroxyl radical trapping but can be used for trapping biomolecule radicals, having the advantage, over the most used cyclic nitrones, of being water soluble. The biomolecule adducts identified by MS are ESR silent, evidencing the importance of MS detection.
Giant Cell Angiofibroma of the Nasolacrimal Duct (2001)

Originally described as an orbital tumor, giant cell angiofibroma also may occur in the nasolacrimal duct and lacrimal sac region. This mesenchymal neoplasm should be included in the differential diagnosis of lacrimal drainage system tumors.
Immune dysfunction in Niemann‐Pick disease type C (2015)

Lysosomal storage diseases are inherited monogenic disorders in which lysosome function is compromised. Although individually very rare, they occur at a collective frequency of approximately one in five thousand live births and usually have catastrophic consequences for health. The lysosomal storage diseases Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC) is caused by mutations predominantly in the lysosomal integral membrane protein NPC1 and clinically presents as a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. In this article we review data that demonstrate significant dysregulation of innate immunity in NPC, which occurs both in peripheral organs and the CNS. In particular pro-inflammatory responses promote disease progression and anti-inflammatory drugs provide benefit in animal models of the disease and are an attractive target for clinical intervention in this disorder. Niemann-Pick disease type C is a rare, devastating, inherited lysosomal storage disease with a unique cellular phenotype characterized by lysosomal accumulation of sphingosine, various glycosphingolipids and cholesterol and a reduction in lysosomal calcium. In this review we highlight the impact of the disease on innate immune activities in both the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral tissues and discuss their contributions to pathology and the underlying mechanisms.
Location choice in low-income countries: evidence from Japanese investments in East Asia (2011)

Unlike most existing studies, this paper examines the location choices of MNEs in developing countries. Specifically, we investigate the location choices of Japanese MNEs among East Asian developing countries by estimating a four-stage nested logit model at the province level. Noteworthy results of location elements are as follows. As is consistent with the mechanics of cheap labor-seeking FDI, Japanese MNEs are more likely to invest in locations with low income and low tariff rates on products from Japan. Also, accessibility to other locations and/or ports matters in attracting Japanese MNEs because it is crucial in importing materials and exporting their products. In addition, WTO membership and bilateral investment treaties are important because these contribute to the settlement of trade and investment disputes, which is more likely to be necessary in developing countries.