gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modeling the effects of dissolved helium pressurant on a liquid hydrogen rocket propellant tank (2017)

A model was developed using NASA's Generalized Fluid System Simulation Program (GFSSP) for the self-pressurization of a liquid hydrogen propellant tank due to boil-off to determine the significance of mixture non-idealities. The GFSSP model compared the tank performance for the traditional model that assumes no helium pressurant dissolves into the liquid hydrogen propellant to an updated model that accounts for dissolved helium pressurant. Traditional NASA models have been unable to account for this dissolved helium due to a lack of fundamental property information. Recent measurements of parahydrogen-helium mixtures enabled the development of the first multi-phase Equation Of State (EOS) for parahydrogen-helium mixtures. The self-pressurization GFSSP model was run assuming that the liquid propellant was pure liquid hydrogen and assuming helium dissolved into the liquid utilizing the new helium-hydrogen EOS. The analysis shows that having dissolved helium in the propellant does not have a significant effect on the tank pressurization rate for typical tank conditions (-423 °F and 30 psia).
ChemInform Abstract: Michael Addition Reactions of Unsaturated Esters with Lithium Enolates Derived from Vinylogous Urethanes. (1987)

Abstract Reaction of the lithium enolate of (II) with dimethyl maleate (Ia) and dimethyl fumarate (Ib) yields the adducts (III) and (IV).
Endotoxin Preconditioning Protects against the Cytotoxic Effects of TNFα after Stroke: A Novel Role for TNFα in LPS-Ischemic Tolerance (2007)

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) preconditioning provides neuroprotection against subsequent cerebral ischemic injury. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) is protective in LPS-induced preconditioning yet exacerbates neuronal injury in ischemia. Here, we define dual roles of TNFalpha in LPS-induced ischemic tolerance in a murine model of stroke and in primary neuronal cultures in vitro, and show that the cytotoxic effects of TNFalpha are attenuated by LPS preconditioning. We show that LPS preconditioning significantly increases circulating levels of TNFalpha before middle cerebral artery occlusion in mice and show that TNFalpha is required to establish subsequent neuroprotection against ischemia, as mice lacking TNFalpha are not protected from ischemic injury by LPS preconditioning. After stroke, LPS preconditioned mice have a significant reduction in the levels of TNFalpha (approximately threefold) and the proximal TNFalpha signaling molecules, neuronal TNF-receptor 1 (TNFR1), and TNFR-associated death domain (TRADD). Soluble TNFR1 (s-TNFR1) levels were significantly increased after stroke in LPS-preconditioned mice (approximately 2.5-fold), which may neutralize the effect of TNFalpha and reduce TNFalpha-mediated injury in ischemia. Importantly, LPS-preconditioned mice show marked resistance to brain injury caused by intracerebral administration of exogenous TNFalpha after stroke. We establish an in vitro model of LPS preconditioning in primary cortical neuronal cultures and show that LPS preconditioning causes significant protection against injurious TNFalpha in the setting of ischemia. Our studies suggest that TNFalpha is a twin-edged sword in the setting of stroke: TNFalpha upregulation is needed to establish LPS-induced tolerance before ischemia, whereas suppression of TNFalpha signaling during ischemia confers neuroprotection after LPS preconditioning.
Polymorphisms in Catechol- O -Methyltransferase Modify Treatment Effects of Aspirin on Risk of Cardiovascular Disease (2014)

Common COMT polymorphisms were associated with incident CVD, and this association was modified by randomized allocation to aspirin or vitamin E. Replication of these findings is required.
Acid-base reactions between amines and carboxylic acids in hexane (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAcid-base reactions between amines and carboxylic acids in hexaneStanley Bruckenstein and D. F. UnterekerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1969, 91, 21, 5741–5745Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01049a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01049a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views912Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Hydrolyzable poly(ester‐urethane) networks from L‐lysine diisocyanate and D,L‐lactide/ϵ‐caprolactone homo‐ and copolyester triols (1994)

Abstract Bioabsorbable poly(ester‐urethane) networks were synthesized from ethyl 2,6‐diisocyanatohexanoate ( L ‐lysine diisocyanate) (LDI) and a series of polyester triols. LDI was synthesized by refluxing L‐lysine monohydrochloride with ethanol to form the ester, which was subsequently refluxed with 1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexamethyldisilazane to yield a silazane‐protected intermediate. This product was then phosgenated using triphosgene. Polyester triols were synthesized from D,L‐lactide, ϵ‐caprolactone, or comonomer mixtures thereof, using glycerol as initiator and stannous octoate as catalyst. Polyurethane networks were cured using [NCO]/[OH] = 1.05 and stannous octoate (0.05 wt %) for 24 h at room temperature and pressure and 24 h at 50°C and 0.1 mm Hg. LDI‐based polyurethane networks were totally amorphous and possessed very low sol contents. Networks based on poly (D,L‐lactide) triols were rigid ( T g ∽ 60°C) with ultimate tensile strengths of ∼ 40–70 MPa, tensile moduli of ∼ 1.2–2.0 GPa, and ultimate elongations of ∼ 4–10%. Networks based on ϵ‐caprolactone triols were low‐modulus elastomers with tensile strengths and moduli of ∼ 1–4 MPa and ∼ 3–6 GPa, respectively, and ultimate elongations of ∼ 50–300%. Networks based on copolymers displayed physical properties consistent with monomer composition and were tougher than the networks based on the homopolymers. Tensile strengths for the copolymers were ∼ 3–25 MPa with ultimate elongations up to 600%. Hydrolytic degradation under simulated physiological conditions showed that D , L ‐lactide homopolymer networks were the most resistant to degradation, undergoing virtually no change in mass or physical properties for 60 days. ϵ‐Caprolactone‐based networks were resistant to degradation for 40 days, and high‐lactide copolymer‐based networks suffered substantial losses in physical properties after only 3 days. © 1994 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Transcriptional and Functional Studies of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans Genes Related to Survival in the Presence of Copper (2009)

The acidophilic Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans can resist exceptionally high copper (Cu) concentrations. This property is important for its use in biomining processes, where Cu and other metal levels range usually between 15 and 100 mM. To learn about the mechanisms that allow A. ferrooxidans cells to survive in this environment, a bioinformatic search of its genome showed the presence of at least 10 genes that are possibly related to Cu homeostasis. Among them are three genes coding for putative ATPases related to the transport of Cu (A. ferrooxidans copA1 [copA1(Af)], copA2(Af), and copB(Af)), three genes related to a system of the resistance nodulation cell division family involved in the extraction of Cu from the cell (cusA(Af), cusB(Af), and cusC(Af)), and two genes coding for periplasmic chaperones for this metal (cusF(Af) and copC(Af)). The expression of most of these open reading frames was studied by real-time reverse transcriptase PCR using A. ferrooxidans cells adapted for growth in the presence of high concentrations of Cu. The putative A. ferrooxidans Cu resistance determinants were found to be upregulated when this bacterium was exposed to Cu in the range of 5 to 25 mM. These A. ferrooxidans genes conferred to Escherichia coli a greater Cu resistance than wild-type cells, supporting their functionality. The results reported here and previously published data strongly suggest that the high resistance of the extremophilic A. ferrooxidans to Cu may be due to part or all of the following key elements: (i) a wide repertoire of Cu resistance determinants, (ii) the duplication of some of these Cu resistance determinants, (iii) the existence of novel Cu chaperones, and (iv) a polyP-based Cu resistance system.
PREVAIL—Electron projection technology approach for next-generation lithography (2001)

This paper is an overview of work in the IBM Microelectronics Division to extend electron-beam lithography technology to the projection level for use in next-generation lithography. The approach being explored—Projection Reduction Exposure with Variable Axis Immersion Lenses (PREVAIL)—combines the high exposure efficiency of massively parallel pixel projection with scanning-probe-forming systems to dynamically correct for aberrations. In contrast to optical lithography systems, electron-beam lithography systems are not diffraction-limited, and their ultimate attainable resolution is, for practical purposes, unlimited. However, their throughput has been—and continues to be—the major challenge for electron-beam lithography. The work described here, currently continuing, has been undertaken to address that challenge. Novel electron optical methods have been used and their feasibility ascertained by means of a Proof-Of-Concept (POC) system containing a Curvilinear Variable Axis Lens (CVAL) for achieving large-distance (>20 mm at a reticle) beam scanning at a resolution of <100 nm, and a high-emittance electron source for achieving uniform illumination of a 1-mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> section of the reticle. A production-level prototype PREVAIL system, an “alpha” system, for the 100-nm node has been under development jointly with the Nikon Corporation. At the writing of this paper, its electron-optics subsystem had been brought up to basic operation and was being prepared for integration with its mechanical and vacuum subsystem, under development at Nikon facilities.
<title>Display technology at Rockwell</title> (1994)

The goal of avionics suppliers is to provide air crews timely and accurate information from various other aircraft systems in order to improve the likelihood of mission success and safety. This goal can be met by accurately defining the desires and requirements of the user. Rockwell uses a number of techniques to accomplish this goal. The final display system may well be defined by a number of these inputs combined through a series of trade-offs. Rockwell is a diversified company that addresses many different display markets. This provides a unique opportunity to compare various techniques for developing and meeting user requirements.
Cellular response to micropatterned growth promoting and inhibitory substrates (2013)

We conclude that microcontact printing is an efficient and reproducible method for patterning proteins and brain-derived myelin on glass surfaces in order to study the effects of the microenvironment on cell growth and morphogenesis.
Electron spin resonance study of defects in Si-SiO2 structures induced by As+ ion implantation (1984)

Results are presented of an electron spin resonance (ESR) study carried out at cryogenic temperatures (4.2 K≲T≲35 K) at X- and K-band frequencies of spin-active defect centers created by ion implantation of 1014 As+ cm−2 at 60 or 80 keV into the SiO2 layer of Si-SiO2 structures (dSiO2=104–130 nm). Observations were made on single-crystal boron doped (001) Si wafers of resistivities ρ300 K=0.23 and 22 Ω cm, which had been thermally oxidized. In general, three well-distinguished centers are observed; two signals, which originate from centers residing in the SiO2 layer, showed typical ‘‘glass’’ pattern line shapes. The first is definitely proven to be the E′ center, which constitutes the first clear experimental evidence of the E′ center in ion-implanted Si/SiO2 structures. The second signal is shown to correspond very nearly with the ‘‘wet’’ oxygen-related hole center (OHC) with zero crossing of the derivative spectrum dP/dB given by ga=2.0095. A third previously unreported anisotropic center located at the Si/SiO2 interface appeared after annealing, with g=1.9998±0.0001 (for magnetic field B∥ [001]) and linewidths ΔBptp=0.42±0.02 and 0.49±0.04 mT at 9.0 and 20.9 GHz, respectively. The influence of annealing in dry N2 at 1000 °C and the temperature dependence of the ESR signals are discussed.
Ionization-based spectral phase diagnostic for laser plasma accelerators (2016)

This paper presents a novel diagnostic of laser spectral phase, based on spectral blueshifting from ionization of a known gas target, which allows in-situ measurements of high-peak-power laser pulses. A simulation was created to deconvolve the effects of high-order dispersion, optical compression, and gas density profile on blueshifted spectra. This simulation demonstrates sensitivity to third and fourth order spectral phase as well as neutral density and coarse spatial profile. Experimental results from the Berkeley Lab Laser Accelerator (BELLA), a laser source rigorously characterized by numerous time-profile measurements, are presented and compared with simulations in order to constrain the target density profile and illustrate the utility of this diagnostic technique.
[68Ga]NeoBomb1, a new potent GRPR-antagonist for PET imaging - Preclinical and first clinical evaluation in prostate cancer (2016)

583 Objectives We have recently reported on [68Ga]SB3 ([68Ga-DOTA-p-aminomethylaniline-diglycolic acid-DPhe-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Leu-NHEt), a high affinity GRPR (gastrin releasing peptide receptor)-antagonist displaying high in vivo targeting of human PC-3 xenografts in mice and promising diagnostic profile in patients with prostate (PC) and breast cancer (BC). We herein present the potent GRPR-antagonist [68Ga]NeoBomb1 generated by proper modification of the C-terminal Leu-NHEt part and its preclinical profile in GRPR-expressing cells and mouse models. First evidence of its ability to localize PC-lesions in man is also presented. Methods The affinity of NeoBomb1 and [natGa]NeoBomb1 for the GRPR was determined against [125I-Tyr4]BBN in PC-3 cell membranes and the binding of [67Ga]NeoBomb1 to PC-3 cells was studied at 37oC. Blood collected 5 min post injection (pi) in mice was analyzed by HPLC for metabolites. Biodistribution was studied in SCID mice bearing PC-3 xenografts at 1 h and 4 h pi (±40 nmol [Tyr4]BBN). PET/CT images with [68Ga]NeoBomb1 were acquired in PC patients. Results NeoBomb1 and [natGa]NeoBomb1 showed high affinity for the GRPR (IC50 ≍ 1 nM), while [67Ga]NeoBomb1 bound strongly on the cell-surface of PC-3 cells via a GRPR-specific process, as consistent with a potent antagonist profile. [67Ga]NeoBomb1 showed excellent metabolic stability in peripheral mouse blood and very high and GRPR-specific uptake in PC-3 xenografts in mice (33.1±8.2%ID/g at 1 h pi and 30.6±3.9%ID/g at 4 h pi). Background activity cleared predominantly via the kidneys. In a first primary PC patient (PSA 10.6 ng/ml, accidental finding at screening and a 3-times false-negative biopsy), [68Ga]NeoBomb1 rapidly localized in the lesion achieving high contrast visualization. Conclusions [68Ga]NeoBomb1 displays high, specific and rapid localization in PC-3 xenografts in mice as well as in a first primary PC patient, revealing the potential of antagonist-based radiotracers to image GRPR-positive cancer with PET.
Reversibly Tunable Lower Critical Solution Temperature Behavior Induced by H-Bonded Aromatic Amide Macrocycle and Imidazolium Host–Guest Complexation (2016)

A new supramolecular host-guest motif comprising an H-bonded aromatic amide macrocycle and imidazolium cation based ionic liquids was developed, which allows tunable binding affinity via altering N-substitution or counterions. This host-guest system exhibits lower critical solution temperature behavior that can be precisely controlled by adjusting concentration, competitive guest, and acid/base. The demonstrated separation of two organic dyes with the supramolecular complex holds promising applications in separation science.
Bypassing P-Glycoprotein Drug Efflux Mechanisms: Possible Applications in Pharmacoresistant Schizophrenia Therapy (2015)

The efficient noninvasive treatment of neurodegenerative disorders is often constrained by reduced permeation of therapeutic agents into the central nervous system (CNS). A vast majority of bioactive agents do not readily permeate into the brain tissue due to the existence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the associated P-glycoprotein efflux transporter. The overexpression of the MDR1 P-glycoprotein has been related to the occurrence of multidrug resistance in CNS diseases. Various research outputs have focused on overcoming the P-glycoprotein drug efflux transporter, which mainly involve its inhibition or bypassing mechanisms. Studies into neurodegenerative disorders have shown that the P-glycoprotein efflux transporter plays a vital role in the progression of schizophrenia, with a noted increase in P-glycoprotein function among schizophrenic patients, thereby reducing therapeutic outcomes. In this review, we address the hypothesis that methods employed in overcoming P-glycoprotein in cancer and other disease states at the level of the BBB and intestine may be applied to schizophrenia drug delivery system design to improve clinical efficiency of drug therapies. In addition, the current review explores polymers and drug delivery systems capable of P-gp inhibition and modulation.
Association of Dapagliflozin Use With Clinical Outcomes and the Introduction of Uric Acid–Lowering Therapy and Colchicine in Patients With Heart Failure With and Without Gout (2023)

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifiers: NCT03036124 and NCT03619213.
Angiopoietins, growth factors, and vascular morphology in early arthritis. (2003)

This is the first report of angiopoietin expression in early inflammatory arthritis. There is a close relationship between angiopoietins, VEGF, TGF-beta, and vascular morphology. There is differential angiogenesis at an early stage of inflammation, with major pathogenic and therapeutic implications.
Characteristics of Patients With Small-Volume Residual Ovarian Cancer Unresponsive to Cisplatin-Based Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (1992)

MARKMAN, MAURIE; BEREK, JONATHAN S.; BLESSING, JOHN A.; McGUIRE, WILLIAM P.; BELL, JEFFREY; HOMESLEY, HOWARD Author Information
CharacterizationAdapted fromCharacterization, First Edition. (2012)

Abstract This article offers an overview of the characterization of composites, the techniques use, and their limitations. In particular, morphological and mechanical characterization are discussed. The first can be studied on three levels: macroscopic, microscopic, and atomic/molecular. These three levels of characterizations and the techniques used for their observations are discussed in the first part of the article. In the second part, experimental methods for characterizing the mechanical properties of engineering materials are discussed. These methods can be generally classified as those based on measuring the response to mechanical probing (traditional mechanical testing) and nonmechanical probing, which is also known as nondestructive evaluation . Various aspects of mechanical probing methods, such as the loading rate, the type of loading, and the stress state are presented. Moreover, relevant properties for composites such as thermal, electrical, and electromagnetic properties are presented.
The Francisella Pathogenicity Island (2007)

The Francisella pathogenicity island (FPI) is a cluster of 16-19 genes, which is found duplicated in most of the Francisella genomes that have been sequenced. Although 16 FPI genes are highly conserved there are 2-3 putative genes that are absent or interrupted by stop codons in some strains. Francisella strains with experimentally induced mutations in FPI genes are highly attenuated in virulence and show defects in intramacrophage growth. There is experimental evidence indicating that the regulation of most FPI genes is affected by the presence of the virulence regulator MglA and by the concentration of iron in the growth medium. Although studies of mRNA expression show that essentially all FPI genes are transcribed, only a handful of FPI-encoded proteins have been detected by biochemical methods. The cumulative biochemical and genetic data to date have not yet been able to ascribe a biochemical function to any of the FPI-encoded proteins. However, bioinformatics analysis suggests that some of the FPI-encoded proteins are part of a type VI secretion system.
A fully on-chip fast-transient NMOS low dropout voltage regulator with quasi floating gate pass element (2017)

This paper presents a fully on-chip NMOS low-dropout regulator (LDO) for portable applications with quasi floating gate pass element and fast transient response. The quasi floating gate structure makes the gate of the NMOS transistor only periodically charged or refreshed by the charge pump, which allows the charge pump to be a small economical circuit with small silicon area. In addition, a variable reference circuit is introduced enlarging the dynamic range of error amplifier during load transient. The proposed LDO has been implemented in a 0.35 μ m BCD process. From experimental results, the regulator can operate with a minimum dropout voltage of 250 mV at a maximum 1 A load and I Q of 395 μ A. Under full-range load current step, the voltage undershoot and overshoot of the proposed LDO are reduced to 50 and 26 mV, respectively.
Appropriate use of helicopters to transport trauma patients from incident scene to hospital in the United Kingdom: an algorithm (2004)

A simple algorithm has been produced to assist front line ground ambulance personnel, air ambulance crews, and immediate care doctors attending trauma patients in selecting the most appropriate mode of transport from the incident scene to hospital.