gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Why does necking ignore notches in dynamic tension? (2015)

Recent experimental work has revealed that necking of tensile specimens, subjected to dynamic loading, is a deterministic phenomenon, governed by the applied boundary conditions. Furthermore it was shown that the potential sited, dictated by the boundary conditions, may prevail even in the presence of a notch, thus necking may occur away of the notched region. The present paper combines experimental and numerical work to address this issue. Specifically, it is shown that the dynamic tensile failure locus is dictated by both the applied velocity boundary condition and the material mechanical properties, specifically strain-rate sensitivity and strain-rate hardening. It is shown that at sufficiently high impact velocities, the flows stress in the notch vicinity becomes quite higher than in the rest of the specimen, so that while the former resists deformation, it transfers the load to the latter, resulting in the formation of a local neck and failure away from the notch. Small local perturbations in the material properties are shown to be sufficient to stabilize the structure under local failure until a neck forms elsewhere. While the physical observations are quite counterintuitive with respect to the engineering views of stress concentrator's effect, the present work rationalizes those observations and also provides information for the designers of dynamically tensioned structures that may contain notches or similar flaws.
Experimental Biliary Cryptosporidiosis in Broiler Chickens (1990)

Biliary cryptosporidiosis was studied by inoculation of 2 x 10(5) Cryptosporidium baileyi oocysts (AU-B1 isolate) into the gall bladders of ten 6-day-old broiler chickens. Clinical signs of disease were not seen. Three of the 10 chickens developed biliary tract infections, based on histologic examination of tissue sections. Lesions seen in the gall bladders of these birds included epithelial hyperplasia and infiltration of the underlying connective tissue with mononuclear leukocytes. One of these birds also had involvement of the hepatic bile ducts. The bile ducts were mildly dilated and contained lesions similar to those seen in the gall bladder. Few to many cryptosporidia were present in the gall bladders and bile ducts of infected birds. Chickens may be of use in the study of biliary cryptosporidiosis, a common sequel to enteric infection in humans with human immunodeficiency virus infection.
Arbitrary Power Splitting Couplers Based on 3x3 Multimode Interference Structures for All-optical Computing (2011)

Chip level optical links based on VLSI photonic integrated circuits have been proposed to replace metal electrical data paths in cases where high frequencies make electrical traces impractical. This is especially relevant to highspeed clock signals as silicon CMOS circuit technology is scaled higher in speed to the GHz range and beyond. In this paper, the realization of optical couplers and power taps based on 3x3 multimode interference structures using CMOS technology is presented. The proposed devices can be useful for all-optical interconnects, clock distribution and many other all-optical processing applications. The transfer matrix method and the 3D Beam Propagation Method (3D BPM) are used to optimize the proposed devices.
First-in-human, phase I, dose-escalation study of selective PI3Kα isoform inhibitor MLN1117 in patients (pts) with advanced solid malignancies. (2015)

2501 Background: PI3K signaling is aberrantly activated in many solid tumors; isoform-selective targeting may enable robust inhibition of this pathway in PIK3CA mutant tumors while sparing signaling in normal tissues. This study (NCT01449370) evaluated the safety, MTD, preliminary antitumor activity and pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) of an investigational PI3Kα isoform-selective inhibitor, MLN1117. Methods: Pts age ≥ 18 with advanced solid tumors (except primary brain tumors) and known PIK3CA mutation status received oral MLN1117 once daily (QD, 100–300 mg) or 3 days per wk (MWF, 200–1200 mg, or MTuW, 200–900 mg) in 21-d cycles. Dose escalation proceeded via a 3+3 design based on cycle 1 (C1) DLTs. Plasma concentrations of MLN1117 for PK analyses were evaluated in C1. PI3K pathway biomarkers were assessed in skin biopsies via immunohistochemistry. Results: At data cut-off, 76 pts had enrolled; 24/29/23 pts to QD/MWF/MTuW schedules; median of 3 cycles per group. C1 DLTs occurred in: 2 QD pts (ALT/AST elevation), 4 MWF pts (ALT/AST elevation, hyperosmolar state, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration, hyperglycemia and anorexia), and 1 MTuW pt (nausea). MLN1117 MTDs were 150 mg QD and 900 mg for MWF/MTuW. Grade ≥ 3 AEs occurred in 54/41/57% of QD/MWF/MTuW pts; 17/14/13% discontinued due to AEs and 13/10/0% died on study. MLN1117 (100–900 mg) exhibited a median Tmax of ~4 h and a dose-dependent increase in exposure with moderate-high PK variability (mean %CV on AUC0-24h ~50–70%); wkly exposures in MWF/MTuW pts were ~4 times higher than QD dosing. Mean plasma t1/2 was ~11 h with no appreciable accumulation in plasma. MLN1117 200–900 mg suppressed p4EBP1 and pS6 in skin by up to ~100% and 70–90%, respectively, at ~3 h post-single dose. Per RECIST, there were 3/1/0 PRs (QD/MWF/MTuW) in breast and gastric cancers; 4/7/5 pts had stable disease lasting 105–466 d. Conclusions: In this first-in-human study (n = 76), the safety profile of MLN1117 was acceptable for MWF/MTuW dosing ≤ 900 mg. MWF/MTuW schedules enabled higher doses and weekly exposures vs QD dosing. PD data indicate PI3K pathway inhibition. Objective responses show antitumor activity in advanced solid tumors (n = 4). Clinical trial information: NCT01449370.
Ecogenomics/mingle: Australian Centre for Ecogenomics' genome tree database: Taxonomically annotated trees from HMMs and BLAST (2015)

Australian Centre for Ecogenomics' genome tree database: Taxonomically annotated trees from HMMs and BLAST
A Study of Compensation for Temporal and Spatial Physical Temperature Variation in Total Power Radiometers (2012)

This paper describes a study of compensation for the physical temperature variation in microwave radiometers. The compensation method is derived by using a multivariable least squares estimation with a radiometer model with temperature-dependent parameters for three system blocks. The feasibility of the method is demonstrated with several experiments with a Ka-band total power radiometer and a temperature control system developed to test the method in various thermal conditions. The results show that the compensation method can be applied to calibrate microwave radiometers without switching systems and is expected to compensate internal temperature gradients and temporal variation of physical temperature.
A new system for quantitative evaluation of infant gaze capabilities in a wide visual field (2015)

The proposed system is suitable for measuring and evaluating infant's gaze capabilities in a wide visual field, in order to provide quantitative data that can enrich the clinical assessment.
Development of N,O-(Carboxymethyl)chitosan/Collagen Matrixes as a Wound Dressing (2006)

In an attempt to accelerate wound healing by stimulating the recruitment of fibroblasts and improve the mechanical properties of collagen matrixes, N,O-(carboxymethyl)chitosan (NOCC) was incorporated into the backbone of a collagen (COL) matrix without or with chondroitin sulfate (CS) or an acellular dermal matrix (ADM). The result of a cell migration study demonstrated that the migration of fibroblasts was significantly enhanced by NOCC in a concentration-dependent manner. In the analysis with a dynamic mechanical analyzer, NOCC/CS/COL matrixes presented higher tensile strengths than did NOCC/ADM/COL matrixes. Skin fibroblasts cultured on the matrixes containing NOCC showed increased proliferation and secretion of three kinds of cytokines compared with the control. Results of the in vivo wound healing study showed that matrixes incorporating NOCC showed markedly enhanced wound healing compared with the control. Therefore, the above results clearly suggest that NOCC/COL matrixes containing CS or ADM can be potential wound dressings for clinical applications.
Les defis de la croissance des institutions de microfinancement : l'experience de BancoSol (1997)

The rapid growth of BancoSol in Bolivia and its transfromation from an non-governmental organization to a licensed commercial bank illustrates important lessons for other micro-finance institutions (MFIs). This note focuses on the financial and management challenges MFIs face as they grow and formalize.
Combined heart and kidney transplantation using the same donor (1989)

A 45-year-old man received a combined heart and kidney transplant provided by the same donor. The patient was in the terminal stage of renal failure and was submitted to 3 sessions of haemodialysis per week for 2 years before transplantation. A dilated cardiomyopathy with severe impairment of left ventricular (LV) function was discovered, precluding renal transplantation alone. In the postoperative course, a cardiac rejection episode was detected by echocardiography and documented by endomyocardial biopsy; no simultaneous rejection of the kidney could be detected. The patient was discharged after 2 months, and he resumed a normal and active life. The specific problems raised by the management of such multi-organ transplantation are briefly reviewed.
Recombinant expression and biological characterization of the antimicrobial peptide fowlicidin-2 in Pichia pastoris (2016)

Fowlicidins are a group of cathelicidin antimicrobial peptides that were initially identified in chickens. Fowlicidin-2, which is composed of 31 amino acids, is widely expressed in the majority of tissues in chickens and has an important role in innate immunity. In the present study, a recombinant expression system for fowlicidin-2 was successfully constructed using <i>Pichia pastoris</i> X-33 and the expression vector pPICZα-A. Under the optimized fermentation conditions, 85.6 mg fowlicidin-2 with >95% purity was obtained from 1 liter culture medium following purification by ion exchange chromatography and reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography. The recombinant fowlicidin-2 exhibited broad spectrum antimicrobial activity and had a minimum inhibitory concentration ranging from 1 to 4 µM. Furthermore, recombinant fowlicidin-2 exhibited hemolytic activity, promoting 50% human erythrocyte hemolysis in the concentration range of 128-256 µM, and anticancer activity, resulting in the death of 50% of A375 human malignant melanoma cells in the concentration range of 2-4 µM. The results of the present study suggest that recombinant fowlicidin-2 may be a promising candidate for therapeutic applications.
Perioperative Approach to Reducing Hematoma during Rhytidectomy: What Does the Evidence Show? (2021)

Adjunctive interventions have been borne out of necessity in efforts to reduce postoperative hematoma after rhytidectomy. Although many of these interventions have promising results, the current literature supports the senior author's (R.J.R.) experience that an evidence-based, multimodal approach is ideal to minimize the rates of hematoma after rhytidectomy.
Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Activates ERK and Induces c-Fos in Human Embryonic Stem Cell Line MizhES1 (2005)

Human embryonic stem (hES) cells can be maintained in a proliferative undifferentiated state in vitro by growing them on feeder layers of mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells along with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF/FGF-2). To understand the molecular mechanisms involved in the requirement of bFGF in human ES cells, we investigated expression of FGF receptors and intracellular signaling events in response to bFGF in human ES cell line MizhES1. On the basis of the results of RT-PCR, clear expression of FGF receptors FGFR1, FGR2, and FGFR3 was noticed. Because MAPK, PI3K, and PKC pathways are well-known pathways triggered by bFGF in other cells, these pathways were investigated after stimulation with bFGF. bFGF did not induce activation of PI3K or PKC, but induced activation of ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase). To monitor the consequences of ERK activation, we examined expression of the immediate early gene c-fos, one downstream target of the MEK1/ERK pathway. mRNA and protein levels of the c-fos gene were increased by bFGF. Induction of c-Fos was dependent on MEKl. Therefore, it is likely that bFGF contributes to maintenance of human ES cells, at least in part, through the MEK1/ERK pathway.
Fuzzy queries in multimedia database systems (1998)

There are essential differences between multimedia databases (which may contain complicated objects, such as images), and traditional databases. These differences lead to interesting new issues, and in particular cause us to consider new typos of queries. Wr example, in a multimedia database it is reasonable and natural to ask for images that are somehow "similar to" some fixed image. Furthermore, there are different ways of obtaining and accessing information in a multimedia database than information in a traditional database. For example, in a multimedia database, it might be reasonable to have a query that asks for, say, the top 10 images that are similar to a fixed image. This is in contrast to a rolationnl database, where the answer to a query is simply a set, In this paper, we survey some new issues that arise for multimedia queries, with a particular focus on recent research by the author, developed in the context of the Garlic system at the IBM Almaden Research Center.
Discriminative probabilistic models for relational data (2002)

In many supervised learning tasks, the entities to be labeled are related to each other in complex ways and their labels are not independent. For example, in hypertext classification, the labels of linked pages are highly correlated. A standard approach is to classify each entity independently, ignoring the correlations between them. Recently, Probabilistic Relational Models, a relational version of Bayesian networks, were used to define a joint probabilistic model for a collection of related entities. In this paper, we present an alternative framework that builds on (conditional) Markov networks and addresses two limitations of the previous approach. First, undirected models do not impose the acyclicity constraint that hinders representation of many important relational dependencies in directed models. Second, undirected models are well suited for discriminative training, where we optimize the conditional likelihood of the labels given the features, which generally improves classification accuracy. We show how to train these models effectively, and how to use approximate probabilistic inference over the learned model for collective classification of multiple related entities. We provide experimental results on a webpage classification task, showing that accuracy can be significantly improved by modeling relational dependencies. 1
Frequency and Timing Synchronization for In-Band Full-Duplex OFDM System (2017)

This paper presents frequency and timing synchronization error compensation techniques for In-Band Full- Duplex (IBFD) communication systems that employ Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). First, we describe a system model of a full-duplex base station receiving from a remote node, while transmitting to another node on the same frequency, and in same time slot. Synchronization issues between base station and remote node are analyzed. Impairments such as carrier frequency offset, sampling time offset, symbol timing offset are addressed considering both signal-of-interest and self-interferer components of the received composite signal. We then present the receive chain of the full-duplex OFDM system, and propose compensation techniques. The proposed receiver is simulated and overall performance degradation is measured to be within 0.3 to 0.7 dB of the ideal receiver, in various channel conditions. The proposed techniques are implemented and tested experimentally on a real time IBFD-OFDM system, using software defined radios. Overall performance degradation is measured to be within 0-1.5 dB as compared to a wired synchronized system, in indoor channel conditions.
Effects of Age on the P300 Component of the Event-related Potential From Auditory Stimuli: Peak Definition, Variation, and Measurement (1985)

An auditory "oddball" paradigm was used to elicit the P300 component of the event-related brain potential (ERP) from a large sample of young (5 to 15 years) and older (20 to 86 years) persons. Distinct P3a and P3b subcomponents of the P300 were observed within individuals and across trial blocks. Age affected P300 latency in a similar fashion for both subcomponents with latency increasing about 65 msec between 20 and 70 years. P300 latency variability also was found to increase somewhat with advanced age. These results confirmed previous age-related ERP changes and extended them to the P3a and P3b subcomponents.
MOZART: a concurrent multilevel simulator (1988)

MOZART, a concurrent fault simulator for large circuits described at the register-transfer, functional, gate, and switch levels, is described. The requirements of multilevel simulation have guided the definition of MOZART's syntax, value set, delay model, and algorithms. Performance is improved by reducing unnecessary activity. Two such techniques are levelized: two-pass simulation, which minimizes the number of events and evaluations, and list event scheduling, which allows optimized processing of simultaneous (fraternal) events for concurrent machines. Moreover, efficient handling of abnormally large or active fault machines can improve fault-simulator performance by several orders of magnitude. These and related issues are discussed; both analytical and experimental evidence is provided for the effectiveness of the solutions adopted in MOZART. A performance metric is introduced for fault simulation, based on comparison with the serial algorithm, and is more accurate than those used in the past.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Influence of Ge and Si on Reactive Ion Etching of GaN in Cl2 Plasma (2002)

We investigated the influence of Ge and Si in Cl2 plasma on reactive ion etching (RIE) of GaN. The etched surfaces of GaN were smooth, and high etch rates of 0.63 µm/min and 0.41 µm/min were obtained using a Ge plate and a Si plate, respectively. A rough surface was formed for the quartz plate without the Ge plate or Si plate. Optical emission spectroscopy revealed optical emissions related to GeClx+ ions in Cl2 plasma with the Ge plate, to SiClx+ ions with the Si plate and to Cl+ ions without the Ge or Si plate. It is considered that the GeClx+ ions and SiClx+ ions for RIE of GaN play an important role in obtaining a smooth etched surface of GaN, and that the high-energy Cl+ ion severely damages the GaN surface.
Extracting Single Trial Visual Evoked Potentials Using Iterative Generalized Eigen Value Decomposition (2008)

The activity generated in the brain in response to external stimulations which is named the evoked potential (EP) is typically buried in the background EEG. Because of the low signal to noise ratio of EPs, it is difficult to record single trial evoked potentials. The traditional technique which is based on ensemble averaging destroys the dynamic information of single trials. In this paper, a new method has been proposed based on generalized eigen value decomposition to extract single trial EPs from single channel EEG recordings. The extraction of the N75-P100-N135 complex in simulated and actual visual evoked potentials is mainly taken under consideration. To illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, it is compared with the iterative ICA method.
Channel assignment problem in cellular systems: a new model and a tabu search algorithm (1999)

The channel assignment in cellular systems has the task of planning the reuse of available frequencies in a spectrum efficient way. A classical approach to frequency assignment problems, when applied to the frequency planning of cellular networks, does not enable this task to be performed in an efficient way, since it does not consider the cumulative effect of interferers. We propose a new model for the channel assignment problem in narrow-band cellular networks, which accounts for the cumulative effect of interferers. In this model, the service area is partitioned into regions and the propagation characteristics are assigned by means of the levels received in each region by the considered base stations (BSs). The objective is to maximize the sum of traffic loads offered by regions in which the ratio between the received power and the sum of powers received from interfering transmissions is above a threshold value. We also present an algorithm, based on tabu search (TS) techniques, to solve this problem. This algorithm has been tested on some instances obtained by using a simple radio channel model and on a real world instance.
The Mitochondrial Apoptotic Effectors BAX/BAK Activate Caspase-3 and -7 to Trigger NLRP3 Inflammasome and Caspase-8 Driven IL-1β Activation (2018)

Intrinsic apoptosis resulting from BAX/BAK-mediated mitochondrial membrane damage is regarded as immunologically silent. We show here that in macrophages, BAX/BAK activation results in inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) protein degradation to promote caspase-8-mediated activation of IL-1β. Furthermore, BAX/BAK signaling induces a parallel pathway to NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated caspase-1-dependent IL-1β maturation that requires potassium efflux. Remarkably, following BAX/BAK activation, the apoptotic executioner caspases, caspase-3 and -7, act upstream of both caspase-8 and NLRP3-induced IL-1β maturation and secretion. Conversely, the pyroptotic cell death effectors gasdermin D and gasdermin E are not essential for BAX/BAK-induced IL-1β release. These findings highlight that innate immune cells undergoing BAX/BAK-mediated apoptosis have the capacity to generate pro-inflammatory signals and provide an explanation as to why IL-1β activation is often associated with cellular stress, such as during chemotherapy.
Integrated laser/phototransistor optoelectronic switching device by organometallic vapour phase epitaxy (1986)

Computer-controlled organometallic vapour phase epitaxy has been used to optimise AlGaAs/GaAs quantum well lasers and bipolar phototransistors separately. Here the two structures are combined In a single growth to realise a high-performance two-terminal optoelectronic switch. DC I/V characteristics are typical of an npnp structure; however, the feedback mechanism is optical rather than electronic. Threshold switching voltage is determined by the optical input in the range 1.3–23 V and sensitivity is 2.5 V/μW. Output is both optical (laser) and electrical current. Gain is provided by the phototransistor and optical feedback and exceeds 104. Switching speed is determined to be less than 1 ns.
Survivable physical topology design for all-optical metro core networks (2013)

Along with the development of bandwidth consuming services, fiber optic is being widely used, especially in the metro core networks. Many solutions have been proposed for designing optical network topology. However these solutions neither focus on all-optical network nor fault tolerance issue. This paper proposes a solution for designing physical topology of optical metro core networks with the objective of (i) ensuring traffic requirements between the network nodes, (ii) minimizing fiber cost, and (iii) assuring the network survivability. The numerical results show that the proposed solution satisfies those objectives and save more fiber than existing solutions.
Zibethacarus, N. Gen., and Three New Species of Dermacarus (Acari: Labidophoridae) (1971)

Zibethacarus, n, gen., is proposed for Dermacarus ondatrae Rupeš & Whitaker on the basis of adult morphology. Described as new from hypopi are Dermacarus anisomysi off Anisomys imitator and D. lorentzimysi off Lorentzimys nouhuysi, from East New Guinea, and D. tamiasciuri off Tamiasciurus hudsonicus, from Michigan, U.S.A.