gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Activation of cardiac ATP-sensitive K+ current during hypoxia: correlation with tissue ATP levels (1991)

Although previous work has implicated activation of ATP-sensitive K+ currents (IK,ATP) in action potential duration (APD) shortening and increased cellular K+ efflux during hypoxia, ischemia, and metabolic inhibition, no prior study has directly assessed the tissue levels of ATP at which IK,ATP activates in intact cardiac muscle. Accordingly, we correlated changes in tissue high-energy phosphate levels during substrate-free hypoxia with activation of IK,ATP in intact voltage-clamped rabbit papillary muscles. During 10 min of hypoxia, the outward K+ current measured in response to a voltage-clamp pulse step from -50 to 0 mV increased from 8.57 +/- 0.27 to 15.67 +/- 1.41 microA (P less than 0.05, n = 6), and APD decreased from 452 +/- 54 to 292 +/- 56 ms (P less than 0.05, n = 6). Glibenclamide (10 microM), a specific IK,ATP blocker, prevented both of these changes. In a parallel set of experiments, papillary muscles were freeze-clamped and assayed for tissue ATP. In these muscles, 10 min of hypoxia resulted in a comparable degree of APD shortening (441 +/- 24 to 297 +/- 18 ms, P less than 0.05, n = 12), and tissue ATP levels fell from 13.2 +/- 1.3 to 9.7 +/- 0.7 mumol/g dry wt (P less than 0.05, n = 12). These results directly demonstrate that IK,ATP is activated and causes APD shortening during hypoxia in intact cardiac muscle despite only a modest (approximately 25%) decline in tissue ATP content.
Abatement of microfibre pollution and detoxification of textile dye – Indigo by engineered plant enzymes (2022)

Microfibres (diameter <5 mm) and textile dyes released from textile industries are ubiquitous, cause environmental pollution, and harm aquatic flora, fauna, animals and human life. Therefore, enzymatic abatement of microfibre pollution and textile dye detoxification is essential. Microbial enzymes for such application present major challenges of scale and affordability to clean up large scale pollution. Therefore, enzymes required for the biodegradation of microfibres and indigo dye were expressed in transplastomic tobacco plants through chloroplast genetic engineering. Integration of laccase and lignin peroxidase genes into the tobacco chloroplast genomes and homoplasmy was confirmed by Southern blots. Decolorization (up to 86%) of samples containing indigo dye (100 mg/L) was obtained using cp-laccase (0.5% plant enzyme powder). Significant (8-fold) reduction in commercial microbial cellulase cocktail was achieved in pretreated cotton fibre hydrolysis by supplementing cost effective cellulases (endoglucanases, ß-glucosidases) and accessory enzymes (swollenin, xylanase, lipase) and ligninases (laccase lignin peroxidase) expressed in chloroplasts. Microfibre hydrolysis using cocktail of Cp-cellulases and Cp-accessory enzymes along with minimal dose (0.25% and 0.5%) of commercial cellulase blend (Ctec2) showed 88%-89% of sugar release from pretreated cotton and microfibres. Cp-ligninases, Cp-cellulases and Cp-accessory enzymes were stable in freeze dried leaves up to 15 and 36 months respectively at room temperature, when protected from light. Use of plant powder for decolorization or hydrolysis eliminated the need for preservatives, purification or concentration or cold chain. Evidently, abatement of microfibre pollution and textile dye detoxification using Cp-enzymes is a novel and cost-effective approach to prevent their environmental pollution.
EFAB: rapid, low-cost desktop micromachining of high aspect ratio true 3-D MEMS (1999)

EFAB (Electrochemical FABrication) is a new micromachining technology targeted at the rapid automated batch fabrication of an unlimited variety of high-aspect-ratio metallic microstructures. By applying the principles of solid freeform fabrication to the manufacturing of microstructures, EFAB provides nearly arbitrary, truly 3-D geometry. EFAB exploits "Instant Masking"-a new high-speed in-situ selective plating technique-to quickly, repeatably, and precisely deposit an unlimited number of layers of material. EFAB makes possible economical prototype and short run production of microstructures using inexpensive desktop equipment, yet is scalable to mass production. By generating layers using electrodeposition at low temperature, EFAB makes feasible the manufacture of extremely complex microstructures that are deposited over and electrically integrated with standard foundry-processed ICs.
Evaporation of Phosphorus in Molten Silicon by an Electron Beam Irradiation Method (2004)

The evaporation behavior of phosphorus in molten silicon during electron beam irradiation was investigated with the aim of producing solar grade silicon (SOG-Si) from metallurgical grade silicon (MG-Si) by a sequential metallurgical process. Batch experiments showed that the evaporation rate of phosphorus increased in proportion to the power of the electron beam and phosphorus content. The phosphorus removal rate was controlled by free evaporation from the molten silicon surface. Electron beam irradiation makes it possible to secure a higher temperature at the free liquid surface, which results in more efficient dephosphorization. A continuous flow experiment indicated that the phosphorus concentration at the outlet increased when the silicon feed rate was raised, which was attributed to the fact that the hearth residence time of the molten silicon was proportionally shorter. Thus, the flow of molten silicon in the hearth did not behave as a complete mixed reactor flow type reaction, but was close to a plug flow type reaction. With a 150 kg scale pilot manufacturing plant, MG-Si containing about 25 mass ppm of phosphorus was successfully purified to P < 0.1 mass ppm.
Review of 'Environmental factors and malaria transmission risk: Modelling the risk in a holoendemic area of Burkina Faso' by Yazoume Yé, Osman Sankoh, Bocar Kouyaté and Rainer Sauerborn (2009)

Book review of 'Environmental factors and malaria transmission risk: Modelling the risk in a holoendemic area of Burkina Faso' by Yazoume Ye, Osman Sankoh, Bocar Kouyate and Rainer Sauerborn
Bioelectric modulation of macrophage polarization (2016)

Macrophages play a critical role in regulating wound healing and tissue regeneration by changing their polarization state in response to local microenvironmental stimuli. The native roles of polarized macrophages encompass biomaterials and tissue remodeling needs, yet harnessing or directing the polarization response has been largely absent as a potential strategy to exploit in regenerative medicine to date. Recent data have revealed that specific alteration of cells' resting potential (Vmem) is a powerful tool to direct proliferation and differentiation in a number of complex tissues, such as limb regeneration, craniofacial patterning and tumorigenesis. In this study, we explored the bioelectric modulation of macrophage polarization by targeting ATP sensitive potassium channels (KATP). Glibenclamide (KATP blocker) and pinacidil (KATP opener) treatment not only affect macrophage polarization, but also influence the phenotype of prepolarized macrophages. Furthermore, modulation of cell membrane electrical properties can fine-tune macrophage plasticity. Glibenclamide decreased the secretion and gene expression of selected M1 markers, while pinacidil augmented M1 markers. More interestingly, glibencalmide promoted macrophage alternative activation by enhancing certain M2 markers during M2 polarization. These findings suggest that control of bioelectric properties of macrophages could offer a promising approach to regulate macrophage phenotype as a useful tool in regenerative medicine.
Choline Fails to Prevent Liver Fibrosis in Ethanol–Fed Baboons But Causes Toxicity (1985)

To determine how choline supplementation affects the liver and whether it can protect against ethanol-induced liver injury, baboons were fed either normal or choline-supplemented diets, each with or without ethanol. Eighteen baboons were pair-fed for 3 to 4 years liquid diets with 50% of total energy as ethanol or isocaloric carbohydrate; ten animals were given our regular diets, whereas in eight the choline content was increased 5-fold. Six additional animals were fed individually with the control diets (with or without additional choline). With both ethanol-containing diets, ethanol intake was comparable and resulted in hepatic steatosis and striking mitochondrial lesions, with increases in serum bilirubin and SGOT, SGPT and glutamate dehydrogenase activities. In addition, of the five animals fed alcohol with the regular diet, one progressed to incomplete cirrhosis and two others developed perivenular and associated perisinusoidal fibrosis. Similarly, in the four baboons fed alcohol with choline supplementation, incomplete cirrhosis developed in one and perivenular fibrosis in two. Collagen deposition was demonstrated by immunoperoxidase with a specific antibody against procollagen Type III. These animals also displayed proliferation of myofibroblasts in the perivenular area and transformation of fat-storing cells to transitional cells in the perisinusoidal space, with associated enhanced collagen fiber deposition. Thus, in baboons, choline supplementation failed to prevent alcohol-induced steatosis and fibrosis. All parameters remained normal in the eight baboons fed the regular control diet. However, in the choline-supplemented controls, serum bilirubin, SGOT and glutamate dehydrogenase activities increased moderately and serum albumin decreased. Occasional fat droplets appeared in hepatocytes with mitochondrial changes (enlargement and alterations of the cristae) and an abundance of "myelin" figures in the cytoplasm, indicating that choline supplementation exerts moderate hepatotoxicity.
A 45-mhz continuum survey of the northern hemisphere (1999)

Americanae nace como un proyecto conjunto que surge dentro de la Red Europea de Información y Documentación sobre América Latina (REDIAL), y que ha afrontado la Biblioteca de la Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (AECID). Esta nueva biblioteca virtual hace más accesibles los libros digitales de tema americanista a los investigadores y usuarios interesados de cualquier parte del mundo.
Comparative Study of Professional vs Mass Market Topical Products for Treatment of Facial Photodamage. (2016)

This study demonstrates that a mass marketed skin care system can give similar clinical improvements in photo-aged skin as a professionally dispensed prescription system and the majority of participants preferred the mass-marketed system.
IIB-2 Effects of Single Impurity Scattering on One- Dimensional Quantum-Effect Devices-C. C. Eugster, (1992)

a poten- tial bamer in the 1D channel. At certain gate voltages, a single electron can be “stopped” inside the 1D channel by the potential bamer, and due to Coulomb repulsion this electron “blocks” the current flow from the source of the FET to the drain (Coulomb Blockade). Therefore, the drain current
Reflectivity level of anechoic chambers at 183 GHz (1990)

The reflectivity levels of the anechoic chamber of the Helsinki University of Technology and the two chambers of the Technical Research Centre of Finland were measured at 183 GHz. Typical values of the reflectivity level of the tested chambers at 183 GHz are below -50 dB at moderate azimuth angles (<50 degrees ) and -45 dB at large angles ( equivalent to 90 degrees ) measured with 20 dB standard gain pyramidal horns. A reflectivity level of -50 dB corresponds to a measurement accuracy of +or-0.25 dB at a radiation pattern level of -19 dB. The maximum backwall reflection in the three chambers is about -28 dB. The size of the pyramids does not have a significant effect on reflectivity. A more important factor is the geometry of the chamber. The quality of absorbers degrades significantly as frequency increases.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A novel analytical design method for discharge laser electrode profiles (1982)

An exact solution of the two-dimensional free-space Poisson equation for a discharge geometry is derived. It allows the calculation of electrode profiles starting from any assumed field distribution in the discharge midplane. Analytic expressions are obtained for a new class of profiles, and their properties are illustrated with the example of an XeCl laser discharge. The new profiles provide excellent field uniformity, and they are much more compact than other analytical profiles such as those of Rogowski and Chang.
Towards Dependability-Aware Design of Hardware Systems Using Extended Program State Machines (2011)

Due to the continuous shrinking of the transistor sizes which is strongly driven by Moore's law, reliability becomes a dominant design challenge for embedded systems. Reliability problems arise from permanent errors due to manufacturing, process variations, aging as well as soft errors. As a result, the hardware will consist of unreliable components and hence, the development of embedded systems has to change fundamentally. Therefore, we propose a dependability-aware design approach for hardware systems through integrating dependability into a state-of-the-art system-level design language. Our approach is based on SystemC and extends the Program State Machine model to explicitly observe, diagnose, and compensate faulty behavior. Different compensation mechanisms like run-time reconfiguration or mechanisms for error propagation can be used by the designer during refinement. They are controlled by a new exception-like mechanism. Furthermore, our approach aims to integrate functional verification as well as dependability verification with respect to given fault models.
Static Shape and Modal Testing of a Deployable Tensioned Phased Array Antenna (2012)

Tensioned structures use tension mechanics to provide static and dynamic structural stiffness and dimensional stability, transferring the challenge of precision from a material driven problem to that of a load management problem. This yields a potential to offer greater passive stability and more deterministic dynamics, enabling larger, higher performance apertures. A design for a deployable tensioned phased array antenna was presented as the test article for this study. The antenna consists of a series of linked semi-rigid panels that mount the RF electronics connected to catenary cable network. The system is pretensioned at four discrete corner locations. A finite element model of the test article was constructed to observe the effect of the design parameters on the system’s fundamental vibration frequency and to predict the static and dynamic response to various exogenous disturbances. The design details of an experimental test bed were presented to compare with the model predictions. The measured vibration frequencies were consistently higher than predicted using the initial and simplified finite element model. This suggests minor updates in the simplified panel properties will yield increased agreement accuracy. The highly flexible and low damping nature of this tensioned structure suggests an active control strategy will be required to meet the performance requirements. Actuators at the test article boundary are proposed to first induce a disturbance to the structure, then act as control actuators to suppress the resulting vibrations.
Block Simplex Signal Recovery: Methods, Trade-Offs, and an Application to Routing (2019)

This paper presents the problem of block simplex constrained signal recovery, which has been demonstrated to be a suitable formulation for estimation problems in networks such as route flow estimation in traffic. There are several natural approaches to this problem: compressed sensing, Bayesian inference, and convex optimization. This paper presents new methods within each framework and assesses their respective abilities to reconstruct signals, with the particular emphasis on sparse recovery, ability to incorporate prior information, and scalability. We then apply these methods to route flow estimation in traffic networks of various sizes and network topologies. We find that both compressed sensing and Bayesian inference approaches are appropriate for structured recovery but have scalability limitations. The convex optimization approach does not directly incorporate prior information, but scales well and has been shown to achieve 90% route flow accuracy on a full-scale network of over 10 000 links and 280 000 routes on a synthetic benchmark based on the I-210 corridor near Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Occurrence of vector mosquitoes at Tsunami disaster areas of the Great East Japan Earthquake (2012)

To evaluate vector situations in the disaster areas of the Great East Japan Earthquake we conducted field studies on the occurrence of mosquitoes in Rikuzentakata City, Iwate Prefecture and Kesennuma City, Miyagi Prefecture almost every three weeks from June to October and in Minamisoma City, Fukushima Pefecture in September 2011.For adult collections we placed dry-ice baited CDC-light traps at selected sites and captured totals of 3,088 Culex pipiens, 1,430 Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, 62 Aedes albopictus, 58 Cx. inatomii, 13 Anopheles sinensis, and 8 Ae. togoi. The first two species were captured in large quantities. Mean adult density of Cx. pipiens pallens, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus and Cx. inatomii at Tsunami sub-area was significantly higher than No Tsunami and boundary sub-area. In each study area, many larval habitats such as unmanaged paddy fields, destroyed houses, and ground pools were found with brackish water. We collected immature of An. sinensis, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus and Cx. inatomii from those larval habitats. Larvae of Cx. pipiens pallens were abundant in wells, fish tanks, irrigation channels and roadside gutters remained in the area. Also, many larvae of Ae.togoi were collected at a high rate from exposed septic tanks at the basement of destroyed houses and broken fishing boats.
Development of an Improved Agricultural-Based Deicing Product (2010)

Snow and ice removal on public streets is a critical part of the work of departments of transportation in northern U.S. states, including Iowa. Iowa is also a state rich in agricultural resources, some of which undergo industrial processes that generate a number of by-products, e.g., in converting corn to ethanol or soy to biodiesel. It would be desirable to find those that, with a minimum of additional processing, can be used as a deicing compound, either alone or in combination with products currently in use. The focus of this work is therefore to investigate by-products from agricultural processes that may be suitable for use as deicing applications. This topic has been investigated in the past by others, with many patented products described in the literature. An initial screening was carried out to assess the potential acceptability of selected commercial products, as well as a glycerol developed for this project. Based on the variety of parameters tested, the product combination that shows the greatest promise for future application consists of 80% glycerol with 20% NaCl.
Automated high-throughput micro-injection system for floating cells (2005)

We have developed an automated microinjection system that captures many floating cells and controls capillary positions precisely. To capture many cells simultaneously, we constructed an array of holes on a 10 x 10 mm silicon-based substrate. The hole diameter is 3 &#956;m because our target cells are 10 - 20 &#956;m in diameter. A suction pump connected to the bottom of the multi-hole silicon chip draws the medium into the holes using a slight vacuum, so cells are caught there. Using an initial prototype chip having 121 holes, we captured over 90 cells in a single sweep. Automated microinjection requires precise control of the capillary positions, so images of the capillary and holes on the chip are observed using a microscope with a CCD camera located above the biological medium. The 3D positions of these elements are accurately measured by processing these images. The capillary and the chip are mounted on automatic stages individually controlled with this position data. Using these techniques, this system can microinject about one cell per second. Its success rate for microinjection is 61% for PC12 cells.
Collection of oral fluid from individually housed sows (2015)

Oral-fluid sampling was attempted on 513 individually housed, mixed-parity sows. Younger sows (P &lt; .01) and re-sampling (P &lt; .001) were associated with successful collection. Diagnostic results on samples collected on 2 successive days were correlated. Oral-fluid sampling in breeding herds would facilitate surveillance and animal welfare.
Operando spectroscopy: fundamental and technical aspects of spectroscopy of catalysts under working conditions (2003)

The first page of this article is displayed as the abstract.
Nonlinear interferometric vibrational imaging of biological tissue (2008)

We demonstrate imaging with the technique of nonlinear interferometric vibrational imaging (NIVI). Experimental images using this instrumentation and method have been acquired from both phantom and biological tissues. In our system, coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) signals are detected by spectral interferometry, which is able to fully restore high resolution Raman spectrum on each focal spot of a sample covering multiple Raman bands using broadband pump and Stokes laser beams. Spectral-domain detection has been demonstrated and allows for a significant increase in image acquiring speed, in signal-to-noise, and in interferometric signal stability.
A New Approach for the Construction of Powerful LDPC Convolutional Codes (2008)

A novel approach for the algebraic construction of low-density parity-check (LDPC) convolutional codes is presented. It is based on the orthogonality structures of the codes. The proposed code construction leads to a girth of at least 10 in the Tanner graph. The error performance of these codes compares favorably with the usual LDPC convolutional codes, especially at low signal-to-noise ratio range.
The Characteristics of Glaucoma in Japanese Americans (2009)

In this large Japanese American clinic population, the proportion of patients with glaucoma who had NTG was 4-fold higher than those with HTG. A prospective population-based study may be warranted to further define the spectrum of glaucoma and the reason for the high proportion of NTG in this population.
Pregnancy-associated plasma protein A. A clinically significant predictor of early recurrence in stage I breast carcinoma is independent of estrogen receptor status. (1985)

Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) immunopositivity and extensive tumor necrosis have been shown to correlate significantly with early (less than 24 months) recurrence in patients with Stage I breast carcinoma negative for estrogen receptor (ER). In this study we have extended our analysis of Stage I disease to include 30 ER-positive cases. Twenty-five traditional clinical and pathologic features were reviewed in addition to the immunoperoxidase staining characteristics of PAPP-A for examination of the independent relationship of immunopositivity both to early recurrence and to ER and progesterone receptor (PR) status. Clinical recurrence developed in 6 of 30 (20%) patients, 4 of the 30 (13%) patients experiencing early recurrence. Pearson chi-square tests revealed significant correlations between early recurrence and PAPP-A tumor positivity (P less than 0.002), younger age (P less than 0.009), and premenopausal status (P less than 0.03). Stepwise regression analysis showed that PAPP-A-positive staining correlated independently with early recurrence. Of the 10 PAPP-A-positive tumors, 4 (40%) recurred within 2 years, compared with no early recurrences in the 20 PAPP-A-negative cases. With a comparison of frequency of PAPP-A positivity of ER-positive (30%) tumors and ER-negative tumors (40%), there was no correlation with ER or PR status. PAPP-A tumor positivity is independent of ER status and is a clinically significant independent predictor of early recurrence in both ER-positive and ER-negative Stage I patients.