gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cardiac fibroblasts are the most sensitive cell population of the heart to hypothermic reperfusion injury (2012)

Introduction: Hypothermia is used to preserve donor organs for transplantation and to protect the human body during various complex surgeries. Hypothermic reperfusion injury with subsequent primary graft failure represents the leading cause of early mortality after heart transplantation. However, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are poorly understood. This study was designed to investigate the susceptibility of different cardiovascular cell populations to hypothermic reperfusion injury in vitro.
Clinical Characteristics of Subependymal Giant Cell Astrocytoma in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (2019)

<b>Background:</b> This study evaluated the characteristics of subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA) in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) entered into the TuberOus SClerosis registry to increase disease Awareness (TOSCA). <b>Methods:</b> The study was conducted at 170 sites across 31 countries. Data from patients of any age with a documented clinical visit for TSC in the 12 months preceding enrollment or those newly diagnosed with TSC were entered. <b>Results:</b> SEGA were reported in 554 of 2,216 patients (25%). Median age at diagnosis of SEGA was 8 years (range, <1-51), with 18.1% diagnosed after age 18 years. SEGA growth occurred in 22.7% of patients aged ≤ 18 years and in 11.6% of patients aged > 18 years. SEGA were symptomatic in 42.1% of patients. Symptoms included increased seizure frequency (15.8%), behavioural disturbance (11.9%), and regression/loss of cognitive skills (9.9%), in addition to those typically associated with increased intracranial pressure. SEGA were significantly more frequent in patients with <i>TSC2</i> compared to <i>TSC1</i> variants (33.7 vs. 13.2 %, <i>p</i> < 0.0001). Main treatment modalities included surgery (59.6%) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors (49%). <b>Conclusions:</b> Although SEGA diagnosis and growth typically occurs during childhood, SEGA can occur and grow in both infants and adults.
Synthesis of Homogalacturonan Fragments (2000)

ABSTRACT ABSTRACT Glycosylation of the D-galacturonic acid ester derivatives 15 and 17, which are prepared directly from D-galacturonic acid, with the thioglycosides 28 and 32, derived from the same sugar, provides α(1→4)-linked dimers. The formation of the glycosidic linkage between the galacturonic acid moieties is best achieved by iodonium di-sym-collidine perchlorate promotion. Thus, the 4'-O-p-methoxybenzyl dimer 38 can be obtained in 64% yield. Partial deprotection of the 4'-O-position provided the glycosyl acceptor 36, which was coupled with the donor 32 to yield the α(1"→4')-linked trimer 39 (48%). Approximately 8% of the β(1"→4')-coupled isomer was observed in the 13C NMR spectrum of the reaction mixture.
The State of the Region: Hampton Roads 2013 (2013)

This is Old Dominion University's 14th annual State of the Region report. While it represents the work of many people connected in various ways to the university, the report does not constitute an official viewpoint of Old Dominion or it's president, John R. Broderick. The report maintains the goal of stimulating thought and discussion that ultimately will make Hampton Roads an even better place to live. We are proud of our region's many successes, but realize that it is possible to improve our performance. In order to do so, we must have accurate information about "where we are" and a sound understanding of the policy options open to us.
Using automated serendipity to discover how trace water promotes and inhibits lead halide perovskite crystal formation (2021)

We use a data-driven approach to discover the influence of trace amounts of water on perovskite crystal formation. Statistical analysis of 8,470 inverse-temperature crystallization lead iodide perovskite synthesis reactions, performed over 20 months using a robotic system, revealed discrepancies between the empirical crystal formation rate in experiments conducted under different ambient relative humidity conditions. We used the robotic system to conduct 1,296 controlled interventional experiments in which small amounts of water were deliberately introduced to the reactions. Addition of trace amounts of water promotes crystal formation for 4-methoxyphenylammonium lead iodide and iso-propylammonium lead iodide and inhibits crystal formation for dimethylammonium lead iodide and acetamidinium lead iodide. We also performed thin-film syntheses of these four materials and determined the grain size distributions using scanning electron microscopy. Addition of water results in smaller grain sizes for dimethylammonium and larger grain sizes for isopropylammonium, consistent with earlier or delayed nucleation, respectively.
Testing for SoCs with Advanced Static and Dynamic Power-Management Capabilities (2013)

Many multicore chips today employ advanced power management techniques. Multi-threshold CMOS (MTCMOS) is very effective for reducing standby leakage power. Dynamic voltage scaling and voltage islands which operate at multiple power-supply voltage levels, minimize dynamic power consumption. Effective defect screening for such chips requires advanced test techniques that target defects in the embedded cores and the power management structures. We describe recent advances in test generation and test scheduling techniques for SoCs that support power switches, voltage islands, and dynamic voltage scaling schemes.
Calibration‐free quantitation in microchip zone electrophoresis with conductivity detection (2015)

The relationship between electrophoretic mobility and molar conductivity has previously led to speculation on achieving quantitation in zone electrophoresis without calibration curves when using conductivity detection. However, little work in this area has been pursued, possibly because of the breakdown of simple sensitivity-mobility relationships when working with partially protonated species. This topic is revisited with the aid of electrophoretic simulation software that produces facile predictions of analyte sensitivity relative to an internal standard. Calibration curve slopes for over 50 analyte/internal standard/BGE combinations were measured with both unbiased and electrokinetically biased injections using microchip electrophoresis with conductivity detection. The results were compared to theoretical expectations as computed with PeakMaster software. Good agreement was observed, with some systems being predicted with quantitative accuracy while others showed significant deviations. Some mechanisms that can lead to deviations from theory are demonstrated, but the causes for some discrepancies are still not understood. Overall, this work exhibits another useful application for simulation software, particularly for disposable devices where device-specific calibration curves cannot be collected. It also serves as quantitative validation for some outputs of PeakMaster simulation software.
Mutations in Mouse Myeloma Cells: Implications for Human Multiple Myeloma and the Production of Immunoglobulins (1976)

Multiple myeloma raises a number of puzzling questions about the production of immunoglobulins and the malignant transformation of lymphoid cells. Some of these questions can be approached by studying mouse plasmacytomas and by genetic and biochemical studies of mouse myeloma cells in culture. The synthesis, assembly, glycosylation, and secretion of immunoglobulin has been analyzed in detail using the mouse myeloma system. The development of a technique that detects variants in clones of cultured mouse myeloma cells has led to the demonstration of a unique genetic instability in these cells. Based on these results a model is presented to explain the high frequency of ligh-chain producing (Bence Jones) myelomas in patients. Finally, mutant cell lines have been recovered which produce defective immunoglobulins similar to those found in heavy-chain disease and some other lymphoproliferative disorders.
Enhanced tumor necrosis factor suppression and cyclic adenosine monophosphate accumulation by combination of phosphodiesterase inhibitors and prostanoids (1995)

We investigated cooperative effects of phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors and prostanoids on cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) accumulation and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha synthesis in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). PDE inhibitors alone induced only a small increase in cAMP levels in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated PBMC. Cicaprost (a stable analogue of prostacyclin) and pentoxifylline added simultaneously to LPS-stimulated PBMC (2.0 x 10(6)/ml) induced a rapid increase of cAMP to a level of 100 nM that peaked within 10 min and remained at a plateau for up to 4 h. Thus combined prostanoids and PDE inhibitors enhanced cAMP accumulation. TNF-alpha suppression in the presence of pentoxifylline and prostanoids exceeded that of either drug alone. The potency of different PDE inhibitors (theophylline, pentoxifylline, penthydroxifylline, albifylline, torbafylline, A 80 2715, amrinone and rolipram) to increase cAMP levels in combination with cicaprost was evaluated after 1 h of incubation. The dose-dependent increase of cAMP for all PDE inhibitors tested in this combined stimulation provided a useful tool for evaluating the potency of PDE inhibitors on cAMP accumulation. The effective concentration of PDE inhibitors, which raised cAMP levels to 300% of control, (EC300), correlated with the IC50 for TNF-alpha suppression (r = 0.930, p = 0.007, with theophylline excluded from the analysis). Interestingly, by contrast, the specific type IV PDE inhibitor rolipram caused only a moderate rise of accumulated cAMP in the same cells. Our data support cAMP as an essential mediator for TNF-alpha suppression by PDE inhibitors. Furthermore, an enhanced inhibiting effect on TNF-alpha production may prove therapeutically advantageous. It may occur in inflammatory and infectious diseases in vivo, since high levels of endogenous prostaglandins are liberated in these conditions.
The Detection Of IEDs Using Ground Based Multi-Static SAR (2019)

The detection and localization of thin wires is still a challenging task. Objects like improvised explosive devices (IEDs) consist of thin wires that can not be seen by optical systems. Multi-static synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is a suitable tool to detect these wires from a safe standoff distance.
Rouen, France Water Treatment Plant Using Biological Activated Carbon (1978)

The la Chapelle drinking water treatment plant in Rouen, France was designed specifically to incorporate biological activated carbon (BAC). With many U.S. cities faced with the prospect of installing granular activated carbon columns to remove synthetic organics, the 26 months of operating experience at the Rouen plant should be of keen interest to U.S. designers. Basically, the Rouen plant uses ozonization prior to and after the sand and granular activated carbon filters. Water is given a mild dose of chlorine before it enters the distribution system. Product water has excellent bacteriological qualities. And most of the synthetic organics have their concentrations sharply reduced by the process. A key advantage of the process is that the granular carbon needs to be regenerated only infrequently. To date, the plant has operated for 26 months — and the carbon, which has not had to be regenerated as yet, shows no reduction in the ability to remove organics.
Identification of novel germline hMLH1 mutations including a 22 kb Alu-mediated deletion in patients with familial colorectal cancer. (1996)

We analyzed the hMLH1 gene in 17 unrelated families with putative hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer. The complete hMLH1 cDNA was amplified in one step, and after a second amplification, four overlapping segments were directly sequenced. We detected, in five families that did not meet the complete Amsterdam criteria, five alterations, including a double-base change resulting in a missense mutation (Lys-618-Ala), a splicing mutation affecting the intron 4 splice acceptor site, a 2-bp deletion at codon 726, a 7-bp deletion at codon 626, and a deletion of exons 13-16. The latter alteration was shown to result from a 22-kb genomic deletion due to a homologous recombination between Alu repeats located in introns 12 and 16. The detection of five germline hMLH1 mutations in five families that only partially fulfilled the Amsterdam criteria shows that these criteria do not allow the identification of all familial colorectal cancers due to mutations of the mismatch repair genes. The numerous Alu repeats present within the hMLH1 gene and the observation of large genomic deletions suggest that (a) Alu-mediated deletions might frequently be involved in hMLH1 inactivation, and (b) reverse transcription-PCR analysis, which allows the amplification of the entire coding region of the hMLH1 gene in one step, might be the most appropriate method for the detection of hMLH1 alterations.
Induction of Cell Division of Isolated Pollen Grains by Sugar Starvation in Rice. (1994)

Cell division of isolated immature pollen grains was induced by sugar starvation in rice cv. Nipponbare. Irmuature pollen grains were isolated from a freshly harvested panicle without any pretreatuent. The pollen suspension was fractionated based on the size (37-50μm in diameter) and density (lighter than 35 % Percoll solution) of the grains. The fraction was incubated in a sugar-free medium consisting of R2 salts with various concentrations of KH2PO4 instead of NaH2PO4, B5 vitamins and 0.5 mg/l 2, 4-D (pH 5.8). After sugar starvation, a sucrose solution was added to a final concentration of 5 InM. Sugar starvation was essential to induce cell division of the pollen grains and the optimum period of sugar starvation was three days. The optimum concentration of KH2PO4 in the medium was 1 mM for induction of cell division. It was shown that sugar starvation for three days in the medium containing I mM KH2PO4 resulted in the highest frequency of colony fornration at 0.04%. Out of 200 calli, three produced green plants while 15 produced albino plants.
<title>Dimensional reference for robot calibration</title> (1994)

The paper outlines the application and development of LEICA's triangulation and tracking systems to generate the reference 3D data needed for the static calibration of industrial robots, such as those used in automobile manufacture. Improvements in static positional accuracy are, for example, critical to the success of off-line robot programming, and some successful test measurements have been achieved with the motorized theodolite system, SPACE. Knowledge of a robot's dynamic performance is also required before it can be improved. Since the theodolite system is not suited to dynamic measurement, use of the interferometric laser tracking system SMART has also been investigated. This can potentially solve both static and dynamic tasks and could offer a more universal solution. Developments are less advanced here, but initial results are encouraging.
Inflammation, Hyperglycemia, and Adverse Outcomes in Individuals With Diabetes Mellitus Hospitalized for COVID-19 (2022)

&lt;b&gt;Objective: &lt;/b&gt;Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major risk factor for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) for reasons that are unclear. &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Research Design and Methods: &lt;/b&gt;We leveraged The International Study of Inflammation in COVID-19, a multicenter observational study of 2,044 patients hospitalized with COVID-19, to characterize the impact of DM on in-hospital outcomes and assess the contribution of inflammation and hyperglycemia to the risk attributed to DM. We measured biomarkers of inflammation collected at hospital admission and collected glucose levels and insulin data throughout hospitalization. The primary outcome was the composite of in-hospital death, need for mechanical ventilation, and need for renal replacement therapy.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Among participants (mean age, 60 years; 58.2% males), those with DM (n=686, 33.5%) had a significantly higher cumulative incidence of the primary outcome (37.8% vs. 28.6%) and higher levels of inflammatory biomarkers compared to those without DM. Amongst biomarkers, DM was only associated with higher soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) levels in multivariable analysis. Adjusting for suPAR levels abrogated the association between DM and the primary outcome (adjusted odds ratio 1.23[95%CI:0.78,1.37]). In mediation analysis, we estimated the proportion of the effect of DM on the primary outcome mediated by suPAR at 84.2%. Hyperglycemia and higher insulin doses were independent predictors of the primary outcome, with effect sizes unaffected by adjusting for suPAR levels. &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Our findings suggest that the association between DM and outcomes in COVID-19 is largely mediated by hyper-inflammation as assessed by suPAR levels, while the impact of hyperglycemia is independent of inflammation.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;br&gt; &lt;/b&gt;
Nuclei Segmentation Using Mixed Points and Masks Selected From Uncertainty (2020)

Weakly supervised learning has drawn much attention to mitigate the manual effort of annotating pixel-level labels for segmentation tasks. In nuclei segmentation, point annotation has been successfully used for training. However, points lack the shape information. Thus the segmentation of nuclei with nonuniform color is unsatisfactory. In this paper, we propose a framework of weakly supervised nuclei segmentation using mixed points and masks annotation. To save the extra annotation effort, we select typical nuclei to annotate masks from uncertainty map. Using Bayesian deep learning tools, we first train a model with points annotation to predict the uncertainty. Then we utilize the uncertainty map to select the representative hard nuclei for mask annotation automatically. The selected nuclear masks are combined with points to train a better segmentation model. Experimental results on two nuclei segmentation datasets prove the effectiveness of our method. The code is publicly available <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sup> https://github.com/huiqu18/WeaklySegMixedAnno.
Competing Singlet Fission and Excimer Formation in Solid Fluorinated 1,3-Diphenylisobenzofurans (2021)

Singlet fission (kSF) and excimer formation (kEXC) rate constants along with other photophysical properties of thin solid layers of 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran and 11 of its fluorinated derivatives have been determined. The molecular properties of these compounds are similar, but their crystal packing varies widely. Most of them undergo singlet fission whereas excitation in others is trapped in excimers. The trend in rate constants kSF agrees qualitatively with results of calculations by a simplified version of the frontier orbital model for a molecular pair. The main shortcoming of the model is discussed.
A compact UWB band-pass filter using embedded circular slot structures for improved upper stop-band performance (2016)

This paper presents an ultra-wideband band-pass filter designed using a slot-line ring resonator and two pairs of embedded circular slot structures. The slot-line ring resonator is used to form the desired UWB passband, and the upper stop-band response is suppressed by embedding the circular slot structures into the ring resonator. This is different from conventional designs using cascaded bandstop/low-pass filters for stop-band response suppression, which usually leads to big circuit sizes. And hence the proposed approach can reduce the circuit size significantly. A prototype filter with a compact size (13.6 mm×6.75 mm) has been implemented for experimental validation. The measured results show a -3 dB frequency band from 3.4 GHz to 11.7 GHz and > 20 dB upper stop-band suppression from 12.5 GHz to 20GHz.
Rapid diagnosis of bacterial meningitis by an enzyme immunoassay of cerebrospinal fluid (1989)

A total of 250 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens were analyzed using a rapid enzyme immunoassay (Pharmacia Meningitis EIA-Test) (EIA) for the detection of antigens of Haemophilus influenzae type b, Neisseria meningitidis (serogroups A,B,C) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (25 selected types). The test is performed in less than 1 h and read by the naked eye. EIA and coagglutination (CoA) were compared with a constructed reference that comprised samples which were either positive by culture and/or on direct microscopy (DM), or in which there were positive results with both EIA and CoA for the bacteria covered by the assays. Using this reference for CSF samples assayed in a period between two meningococcal meningitis epidemics, the sensitivity was 0.86 for EIA and 0.69 for CoA, the specificity 0.95 (EIA) and 0.97 (CoA), the predictive value for a positive result 0.81 (EIA) and 0.87 (CoA) and, the predictive value for a negative result 0.96 (EIA) and 0.93 (CoA). Antibiotics had been given to 54% of the patients before admission. All of the 56 samples that were positive in any of the tests taken during an epidemic of group A meningococcal disease were detected by EIA; CoA was negative in 45% and culture/DM was negative in 32%. Sequential dilutions of two CSF samples from which H. influenzae type b had been isolated, showed the EIA to be 16-32 times more sensitive than CoA. With both technical feasibility and good sensitivity and specificity, the EIA seems to be useful and reliable for the rapid diagnosis of bacterial meningitis, especially in situations where pretreatment with antibiotics are likely.
Dual TORK/DNA-PK inhibition blocks critical signaling pathways in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (2016)

Inhibition of B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling pathways in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) provides significant clinical benefit to patients, mainly by blocking adhesion of CLL cells in the lymph node microenvironment. The currently applied inhibitors ibrutinib and idelalisib have limited capacity however to induce cell death as monotherapy and are unlikely to eradicate the disease. Acquired resistance to therapy in CLL is often caused by mutations in the response network being targeted, both for DNA damage or BCR signaling pathways. Thus, drugs with dual targeting capacity could offer improved therapeutic value. Here, the potency of CC-115, a novel inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin kinase (TORK) and DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), was evaluated in primary CLL cells in vitro and in CLL patients. Combined TORK and DNA-PK inhibition in vitro resulted in caspase-dependent cell killing irrespective of p53, ATM, NOTCH1, or SF3B1 status. Proliferation induced by CD40(+) interleukin-21 stimulation was completely blocked by CC-115, and CD40-mediated resistance to fludarabine and venetoclax could be reverted by CC-115. BCR-mediated signaling was inhibited by CC-115 and also in CLL samples obtained from patients with acquired resistance to idelalisib treatment. Clinical efficacy of CC-115 was demonstrated in 8 patients with relapsed/refractory CLL/small lymphocytic lymphoma harboring ATM deletions/mutations; all but 1 patient had a decrease in lymphadenopathy, resulting in 1 IWCLL partial response (PR) and 3 PRs with lymphocytosis. In conclusion, these preclinical results, along with early promising clinical activity, suggest that CC-115 may be developed further for treatment of CLL. The trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01353625.