gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Low-Molecular-Weight Plasma and Urine Na-K-ATPase Inhibitors/Hypertensive Factors (1993)

Two highly purified low-molecular-weight (< 500 Da) Na-K-ATPase inhibitors, one originating from human plasma and the second from human urine, which both eluted in the identical locus from a C18 reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) column, were compared with respect to (a) K effect on Na-K-ATPase inhibition; (b) displacement of [3H]ouabain from binding sites on purified hog brain Na-K-ATPase; (c) cross-reactivity with digoxin antibodies; and (d) vasoconstrictor effects in isolated rabbit femoral arteries. Inhibition of Na-K-ATPase by the plasma factor correlated inversely with K concentration, whereas inhibition by the urine factor correlated directly with K concentration. In the absence of K, the plasma factor displaced [3H]ouabain from both high- and low-affinity binding sites, whereas the urine factor displaced [3H]ouabain only from the low-affinity binding site. Neither factor possessed digoxin-like immunoreactivity. Both factors acted as direct vasoconstrictors, and potentiated the vasoconstrictor action of norepinephrine. The degree of vasoconstriction caused by the plasma factor diminished progressively with added K, indicating that the vasoconstrictor effect of this factor was mediated by the Na-K-ATPase pump. Thus, although both the plasma and urine Na-K-ATPase inhibitors are vasoconstrictors, their mechanisms of action are different.
A Strategy for Vision-Based Controlled Pushing of Microparticles (2007)

In this paper, a strategy for controlled pushing is presented for microassembly of 4.5 mum polystyrene particles on a flat glass substrate using an atomic force microscope probe tip. Real-time vision based feedback from a CCD camera mounted to a high resolution optical microscope is used to track particle positions relative to the tip and target position. Tip-particle system is modeled in 2D as a nonholonomic differential drive robot. Effectiveness of the controller is demonstrated through experiments performed using a single goal position as well as linking a series of target positions to form a single complex trajectory. Cell decomposition and wavefront expansion algorithms are implemented to autonomously locate a navigable path to a specified target position. Control strategy alleviates problem of slipping and spinning during pushing.
Hot spot tests for crystalline silicon modules (2005)

Hot spot heating occurs when a module's operating current exceeds the reduced short circuit current of a shadowed or faulty cell or group of cells within the module. In order to determine whether a crystalline silicon module is adequately protected against hot spots, two hot spot test have been developed and utilized as a part of IEC 61215 "Crystalline silicon terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules - Design qualification and type approval" and as part of UL 1703 "UL Standard for Safety for Flat-Plate Photovoltaic Modules and Panels". Each of these tests has some problems. Working Group 2 of IEC Technical Committee 82 on photovoltaics is developing a revised hot spot test as a modification to IEC 61215. Major features of the revision include 1) a new way of identifying low and high shunt cells by measuring a set of IV curves for a module with each cell shadowed in turn, 2) selection and testing of 3 low shunt cells and one high shunt cell, 3) providing modified procedures to determine the worst case shadowing for the selected cells and 4) testing of the low shunt cells for 1 hour and of the high shunt cell for a longer time (still to be determined).
Town of Barnstable v. O’Connor (2015)

The United States Circuit Court of the First Circuit’s decision in Town of Barnstable v. O’Connor reignites a hotly debated offshore wind plant proposal. The First Circuit held that the Ex parte Young exception to the Eleventh Amendment applied because the complaint alleged an ongoing violation of federal law and the relief sought was prospective. The court did not discuss the merits of the claim, so the fight against the proposed wind plant powers on.
The stepwise acquisition of fluconazole resistance mutations causes a gradual loss of fitness in Candida albicans (2012)

The pathogenic yeast Candida albicans can develop resistance to the widely used antifungal agent fluconazole, which inhibits ergosterol biosynthesis. Resistance is often caused by gain-of-function mutations in the transcription factors Mrr1, Tac1 and Upc2, which result in constitutive overexpression of multidrug efflux pumps and ergosterol biosynthesis genes respectively. It is not known how the permanently changed gene expression program in resistant strains affects their fitness in the absence of drug selection pressure. We have systematically investigated the effects of activating mutations in Mrr1, Tac1 and Upc2, individually and in all possible combinations, on the degree of fluconazole resistance and on the fitness of C. albicans in an isogenic strain background. All combinations of different resistance mechanisms resulted in a stepwise increase in drug resistance, culminating in 500-fold increased fluconazole resistance in strains possessing mutations in the three transcription factors and an additional resistance mutation in the drug target enzyme Erg11. The acquisition of resistance mutations was associated with reduced fitness under non-selective conditions in vitro as well as in vivo during colonization of a mammalian host. Therefore, without compensatory mutations, the inability to appropriately regulate gene expression results in a loss of competitive fitness of drug-resistant C. albicans strains.
The Role of Microalgal Biorefineries for Future Biofuel Production (2019)

No abstract available.
Standoff detection using coherent backscattered spectroscopy (2007)

Intense laser pulses may be used for standoff detection of energetic materials. Coherent backscattered spectroscopy offers a tremendous advantage over other spectroscopic detection techniques in that it uses stimulated or amplified spontaneous emission from the sample to produce a minimally divergent, directional beam back to the detection platform. The characteristics of the backscattered beam depend largely on the intensity and pulse width of the laser source as well as the concentration and photo-physical characteristics of the target molecule. Different target molecules will exhibit different backscattered emission signals, allowing differential detection of energetic materials in the vapor phase. Because of the highly directional nature of the coherent backscattered beam, detection limits in the vapor of less than 1 ppm at ranges up to 100 meters can be anticipated.
Outer-sphere mechanisms in the reductions of polynuclear .mu.-terephthalato cobalt(III) complexes by chromium(II) and vanadium(II) (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOuter-sphere mechanisms in the reductions of polynuclear .mu.-terephthalato cobalt(III) complexes by chromium(II) and vanadium(II)Manfred. Hery and Karl. WieghardtCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1976, 15, 9, 2315–2317Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50163a073https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50163a073research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views73Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
The 'gold standard' for optimal fetal growth and development. (2001)

It is now becoming accepted that birth size per se is too crude an outcome measure to be used for the assessment of optimal intrauterine growth and development, and that a new vision of optimal fetal development is required for the 21st century. This will need to take account of both short- and long-term outcomes, to recognize that maternal body composition and diet can have long-term effects without necessarily affecting size at birth, and to take account of important interactions between the pre- and postnatal environments. At present, our understanding is limited and new definitions should only be considered as working hypotheses. Nonetheless, it is possible to begin to set out a framework for defining optimal fetal growth and development. This acknowledges the importance of developmental adaptations to alterations in the nutrient and hormonal milieu in utero and could have a major impact on human health in the century to come.
Latency Overhead of ROS2 for Modular Time-Critical Systems. (2021)

Robot Operating System 2 (ROS2) targets distributed real-time systems. Especially in tight real-time control loops, latency in data processing and communication can lead to instabilities. As ROS2 encourages splitting of the data-processing pipelines into several modules, it is important to understand the latency implications of such modularization. In this paper, we investigate the end-to-end latency of ROS2 data-processing pipeline with different Data Distribution Service (DDS) middlewares. In addition, we profile the ROS2 stack and point out latency bottlenecks. Our findings indicate that end-to-end latency strongly depends on the used DDS middleware. Moreover, we show that ROS2 can lead to 50 % latency overhead compared to using low-level DDS communications. Our results imply guidelines for designing modular ROS2 architectures and indicate possibilities for reducing the ROS2 overhead.
Gamma Peptide Nucleic Acids: As Orthogonal Nucleic Acid Recognition Codes for Organizing Molecular Self-Assembly (2015)

Nucleic acids are an attractive platform for organizing molecular self-assembly because of their specific nucleobase interactions and defined length scale. Routinely employed in the organization and assembly of materials in vitro, however, they have rarely been exploited in vivo, due to the concerns for enzymatic degradation and cross-hybridization with the host's genetic materials. Herein we report the development of a tight-binding, orthogonal, synthetically versatile, and informationally interfaced nucleic acid platform for programming molecular interactions, with implications for in vivo molecular assembly and computing. The system consists of three molecular entities: the right-handed and left-handed conformers and a nonhelical domain. The first two are orthogonal to each other in recognition, while the third is capable of binding to both, providing a means for interfacing the two conformers as well as the natural nucleic acid biopolymers (i.e., DNA and RNA). The three molecular entities are prepared from the same monomeric chemical scaffold, with the exception of the stereochemistry or lack thereof at the γ-backbone that determines if the corresponding oligo adopts a right-handed or left-handed helix, or a nonhelical motif. These conformers hybridize to each other with exquisite affinity, sequence selectivity, and level of orthogonality. Recognition modules as short as five nucleotides in length are capable of organizing molecular assembly.
Spiral-Like Path Planning Without Gap for Material Deposition Processes (2006)

Contour-parallel path, also called offset path, is a commonly used deposition strategy exploited by many deposition processes. This offset path has been studied vastly due to the potential of its applications. The majority of contour-parallel path research is found in robotics, CNC machining, and metal deposition. Even though curve offsetting has been extensively studied, there is virtually no algorithm that can produce a complete connected deposition path and can fill arbitrary shape cross sections entirely without gaps. This gap problem is similar to the uncut-region problem in CNC pocket machining. There are only few investigations on this uncut-region or gap problem even though the problem has long been recognized. A new strategy to divide regions and to plan the spiral-like deposition paths without gap based on contour-parallel paths is discussed in this paper. To prove the correctness and the usefulness of the proposed method, simulations and experiments are also discussed.
Waveguiding analysis of mushroom stripe laser diodes (1988)

The waveguide modes of ?=1.3 ?m InGaAsP-InP mushroom stripe laser diodes are analysed rigorously by means of the mode matching technique. The propagation constant and confinement factor of the fundamental TE- and TM-modes are calculated for wide ranges of the relevant laser parameters. Thereby, the cutoff condition for both modes is studied, revealing that for very narrow stripe devices (W>1 ?m) first the TE-mode becomes cutoff due to radiation losses into the transverse direction. The cutoff-condition for higher order lateral modes is discussed, showing that the maximum stripe width for single lateral mode guiding is higher than for comparable buried heterostructure lasers. Finally, approximate results, as obtained by using the effective refractive index approximation, are compared with the rigorous solutions, showing a satisfactory agreement only for rather large stripe widths far above cutoff.
Applications of the Cambridge Structural Database in organic chemistry and crystal chemistry (2002)

The Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) and its associated software systems have formed the basis for more than 800 research applications in structural chemistry, crystallography and the life sciences. Relevant references, dating from the mid-1970s, and brief synopses of these papers are collected in a database, DBUse, which is freely available via the CCDC website. This database has been used to review research applications of the CSD in organic chemistry, including supramolecular applications, and in organic crystal chemistry. The review concentrates on applications that have been published since 1990 and covers a wide range of topics, including structure correlation, conformational analysis, hydrogen bonding and other intermolecular interactions, studies of crystal packing, extended structural motifs, crystal engineering and polymorphism, and crystal structure prediction. Applications of CSD information in studies of crystal structure precision, the determination of crystal structures from powder diffraction data, together with applications in chemical informatics, are also discussed.
Amorolfine vs. ciclopirox – lacquers for the treatment of onychomycosis (2015)

Amorolfine 5% and ciclopirox 8% nail lacquers are commonly used in topical treatment of onychomycosis. These formulations may be used alone or in combination with oral antifungal agents. Amorolfine and ciclopirox are valuable therapeutic options, however, their usage in monotherapy should be limited. Proper amorolfine and ciclopirox penetration through the nail plate is provided by transungual drug delivery systems. Although amorolfine and ciclopirox have a different mode of action, they both exhibit a broad antifungal activity. The use of antifungal nail lacquers in combination with oral agents, such as terbinafine and itraconazole, improves efficacy of antifungal therapy.
Isolation of a Human Intestinal Bacterium That Transforms Mangiferin to Norathyriol and Inducibility of the Enzyme That Cleaves a C-Glucosyl Bond (2005)

The C-glucosyl bond of C-glucosides generally tolerates acid and enzymatic hydrolysis. Many C-glucosides are cleaved by human intestinal bacteria. We isolated the specific bacterium involved in the metabolism of mangiferin (2-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxyxanthone), C-glucosyl xanthone, from a mixture of human fecal bacteria. The anaerobic Bacteroides species named MANG, transformed mangiferin to the aglycone, norathyriol, suggesting cleavage of a C-glucosyl bond. However, B. sp. MANG cleaved C-glucosyl in a dose- and time-dependent manner only when cultivated in the presence of mangiferin. Cleavage was abolished by inhibitors of RNA and protein syntheses, such as rifampicin and chloramphenicol, respectively, indicating that the enzyme that cleaves C-glucosyl is induced by mangiferin. In contrast, mangiferin did not affect bacterial alpha- and beta-glucosidase activities under any conditions. The C-glucosyl-cleavage in cell-free extracts was not altered by potent glucosidase inhibitors such as 1-deoxynojirimycin and gluconolactone. Therefore, the C-glucosyl-cleaving enzyme substantially differs from known glucosidases that cleave O-glucosides. This is the first description of a specific intestinal bacterium that is involved in the metabolism of mangiferin and which produces a novel and inducible C-glucosyl-cleaving enzyme.
Counterstreaming Electron Beam Profile and Position Monitor (1977)

Individual profiles and positions of two counterstreaming 10 MeV electron beams have been measured using the strongly forward directed bremsstrahlung radiation produced when a small fraction of the beam impinges on a tantalum foil. The 0.02 mm wide foil is driven through the electron beams by an external motor connected to the foil by a linear vacuum feedthrough. Bremsstrahlung radiation is detected by a series of ordinary semiconductor diodes spaced around the circumference of the beam vacuum pipe in two planes. The planes are on opposite sides of the foil and are equidistant and parallel to the plane of motion of the foil. The diodes produce output currents proportional to the bremsstrahlung radiation intensity and require no biasing voltages. Design and operational features of the beam monitor for electron beams up to 100 MeV are described. Measurements on counterstreaming 10 MeV pulsed electron beams are presented. Spatial resolutions of 0.3 mm are easily discernable.
General Route to a New Class of Homochiral Azetidine‐Derived 1,2‐Diamines (2004)

Abstract A short access to novel azetidine‐derived anti ‐1,2‐diamines starting from easily accessible 2‐cyanoazetidines has been developed. A one‐pot sequence, including a nucleophilic addition and reduction of the resulting imine, allows for a diastereoselective synthesis of variously substituted diamines. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
DRoPS: kernel support for runtime adaptable protocols (2002)

Configurable protocols are tailored to operate efficiently within specific environments. Parameters such as application requirements, host capabilities and connection characteristics determine the appropriate internal mechanisms used by the protocol. Whilst such systems provide solutions tailored to specific environments, they are static and unable to adapt as this environment changes. Adaptable protocols extend the configurable approach, permitting the reconfiguration of arbitrary protocol functions at runtime in response to fluctuations in selected parameters. The Dynamically Reconfigurable Protocol Stacks project (DRoPS) provides operating system support for the efficient implementation, operation and reconfiguration of highly modular transport systems. This paper presents the motivations for adaptable protocols, a detailed review of the DRoPS architecture and experimental results derived from the implementation of a DRoPS based adaptable protocol.
Development and Experimental Evaluation of Cyclostationarity-Based Signal Identification Equipment for Cognitive Radios (2012)

An important and widely considered signal identification technique for cognitive radios is cyclostationarity-based feature detection because this method does not require time and frequency synchronization and prior information except for information concerning cyclic autocorrelation features of target signals. This paper presents the development and experimental evaluation of cyclostationarity-based signal identification equipment. A spatial channel emulator is used in conjunction with the equipment that provides an environment to evaluate realistic spectrum sharing scenarios. The results reveal the effectiveness of the cyclostationarity-based signal identification methodology in realistic spectrum sharing scenarios, especially in terms of the capability to identify weak signals.
A black box framework for an application protocol stack (2002)

The article proposes a framework based design for implementing application protocol stacks. According to protocol specifications, network applications are usually conceived through a layered software architecture centered around the concept of messages sent or received asynchronously. Of particular interest are application protocols residing on transport protocols. When implementing several application protocols, one should look for software reuse in order to promote modular design and limited development effort. Such a goal is reached through the use of a software framework, providing a clear separation between reusable protocol-generic parts and isolated protocol-specific parts. Such a framework has been used to implement a protocol stack prototype. This latter experiment showed the power of a componentized object oriented framework and of common object oriented design patterns.
XPEN: an XML based format for distributed online handwriting recognition (2005)

Architectures for integrated and distributed handwritingrecognition systems are discussed. An XML (eXtensibleMarkup Language) based representation for onlinehandwriting data, referred to as XPEN, is proposed.XPEN is based on the earlier UNIPEN format. Theflexibility of the new format is illustrated with an exampleof the use of XSLT (XSL-Transformations) to translateXPEN into the Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) formatfor visualisation and the processing of XPEN using aprogramming language via the Document Object Model(DOM) Application Programming Interface.
Mutants of Escherichia coli producing pyrroloquinoline quinone (1991)

In glucose minimal medium a PTS- strain of Escherichia coli [delta (ptsH ptsI crr)] could grow slowly (doubling time, d = 10 h). When the population reached 5 x 10(6) to 2 x 10(7) cells ml-1, mutants growing rapidly (d = 1.5 h) appeared and rapidly outgrew the initial population. These mutants (EF mutants) do not use a constitutive galactose permease for glucose translocation. They synthesize sufficient pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) to yield a specific activity of glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) equivalent to that found in the parent strain grown in glucose minimal medium supplemented with 1 nM-PQQ. Membrane preparations containing an active GDH oxidized glucose to gluconic acid, which was also present in the culture supernatant of EF strains in glucose minimal medium. Glucose utilization is the only phenotypic trait distinguishing EF mutants from the parent strain. Glucose utilization by EF mutants was strictly aerobic as expected from a PQQ-dependent catabolism. The regulation of PQQ production by E. coli is discussed.