gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vernier perceptual learning transfers to completely untrained retinal locations after double training: A "piggybacking" effect (2014)

Perceptual learning, a process in which training improves visual discrimination, is often specific to the trained retinal location, and this location specificity is frequently regarded as an indication of neural plasticity in the retinotopic visual cortex. However, our previous studies have shown that "double training" enables location-specific perceptual learning, such as Vernier learning, to completely transfer to a new location where an irrelevant task is practiced. Here we show that Vernier learning can be actuated by less location-specific orientation or motion-direction learning to transfer to completely untrained retinal locations. This "piggybacking" effect occurs even if both tasks are trained at the same retinal location. However, piggybacking does not occur when the Vernier task is paired with a more location-specific contrast-discrimination task. This previously unknown complexity challenges the current understanding of perceptual learning and its specificity/transfer. Orientation and motion-direction learning, but not contrast and Vernier learning, appears to activate a global process that allows learning transfer to untrained locations. Moreover, when paired with orientation or motion-direction learning, Vernier learning may be "piggybacked" by the activated global process to transfer to other untrained retinal locations. How this task-specific global activation process is achieved is as yet unknown.
Stability analysis of discrete-time BAM neural networks based on standard neural network models (2005)

To facilitate stability analysis of discrete-time bidirectional associative memory (BAM) neural networks, they were converted into novel neural network models, termed standard neural network models (SNNMs), which interconnect linear dynamic systems and bounded static nonlinear operators. By combining a number of different Lyapunov functionals with S-procedure, some useful criteria of global asymptotic stability and global exponential stability of the equilibrium points of SNNMs were derived. These stability conditions were formulated as linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). So global stability of the discrete-time BAM neural networks could be analyzed by using the stability results of the SNNMs. Compared to the existing stability analysis methods, the proposed approach is easy to implement, less conservative, and is applicable to other recurrent neural networks.
A parallel tensor algorithm for nonlinear optimization (1994)

A new iterative algorithm for solving unconstrained optimization problems is introduced. It is based on the construction, at each iteration, of a curvilinear path to be searched for a local solution. Since the curvilinear path is denned by using a tensor of third order partial derivatives of the objective function, efficient and reliable implementations can benefit of powerful computational tools like parallel computing and automatic differentiation. Computational experiments were carried out with the aim to compare the proposed algorithm with well known Newton type algorithms. It turns out that the proposed algorithm is very efficient especially in the case of badly scaled and ill-conditioned problems.
Growth of Pseudomonas C on C 1 Compounds: Continuous Culture (1974)

Pseudomonas C was grown in continuous culture on methanol, formaldehyde, or formate as sole carbon source. On methanol mu(max) = 0.49/h and yield constant (Y) = 0.54; on formaldehyde and on unsupplemented media, mu(max) was about 0.2/h and Y was 0.15, whereas addition of p-aminobenzoic acid, folic acid, serine, or glycine to the medium raised Y to about 0.26 to 0.29, and addition of p-aminobenzoic acid, folic acid, serine, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, and Tween 80 raised the yield to 0.35. On formate and on unsupplemented media, mu(max) = 0.2/h and Y = 0.02, whereas addition of 0.1 mM p-aminobenzoic acid increased mu(max) to about 0.47 and Y to about 0.23. At low cell concentrations or growth rates a beneficial effect of CO(2) was observed. Formaldehyde or formate, when added together with methanol, were utilized simultaneously with the methanol.
Design of Circularly Polarized Waveguide Slot Linear Arrays (2006)

A design procedure for circularly polarized waveguide slot linear arrays is presented. The array element, a circularly polarized radiator, consists of two closely spaced inclined radiating slots. Both the characterization of the isolated element and the evaluation of the mutual coupling between the array elements are performed by using a method of moments procedure. A number of traveling wave arrays with equiphase excitations are designed and then analyzed using a finite element method commercial software. A good circular polarization is achieved, the design goals on the far field pattern are fulfilled and high antenna efficiency can be obtained
Polymorphism and Structural Filiations in Five New Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Salts of the Heteroleptic Cationic Iridium(III) Complex and Polyoxometalates (2018)

Five new hybrid compounds ionically associating the phosphorescent heteroleptic cationic iridium(III) complex [IrIII(ppy)2(bpy)]+ ([Ir]+) (ppy = 2-phenylpyridine, bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine) and anionic polyoxometalates (POMs) units have been successfully elaborated, namely, [Ir]2[W6O19]·H2O (m-Ir2W6), [Ir]2[W6O19] (t-Ir2W6-2), [Ir]2[Mo6O19] (t-Ir2Mo6-2), [Ir]4[α-Mo8O26]·4DMF·5H2O (Ir4αMo8DMF), and [Ir]2(HDMA)2[β-Mo8O26]·2DMF·H2O (HDMA+ = dimethylammonium) (Ir2βMo8HDMA). These systems differ by the composition and the topology of the POMs, the [Ir]+/POM ratio, the nature of the other counter-cations, and the presence or not of crystallized solvent molecules. Their crystal structures and their photoluminescent properties have been determined and compared with those of a previously reported series of [Ir]+/POM assemblies revealing polymorphism and structural filiations. The emission properties of the compounds are strongly modulated by the nature of the POM units and the crystal packing of the hybrid frameworks.
Blood RNA and protein biomarkers are associated with vaping and dual use, and prospective health outcomes (2023)

<ns3:p> <ns3:bold>Background:</ns3:bold> Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) are driving an epidemic of vaping. Identifying biomarkers of vaping and dual use (concurrent vaping and smoking) will facilitate studies of the health effects of vaping. To identify putative biomarkers of vaping and dual use, we performed association analysis in an observational cohort of 3,892 COPDGene study participants with blood transcriptomics and/or plasma proteomics data and self-reported current vaping and smoking behavior. </ns3:p> <ns3:p> <ns3:bold>Methods:</ns3:bold> Biomarkers of vaping and dual use were identified through differential expression analysis and related to prospective health events over six years of follow-up. To assess the predictive accuracy of multi-biomarker panels, we constructed predictive models for vaping and smoking categories and prospective health outcomes. </ns3:p> <ns3:p> <ns3:bold>Results:</ns3:bold> We identified three transcriptomic and three proteomic associations with vaping, and 90 transcriptomic and 100 proteomic associations to dual use. Many of these vaping or dual use biomarkers were significantly associated with prospective health outcomes, such as FEV1 decline (three transcripts and 62 proteins), overall mortality (18 transcripts and 73 proteins), respiratory mortality (two transcripts and 23 proteins), respiratory exacerbations (13 proteins) and incident cardiovascular disease (24 proteins). Multimarker models showed good performance discriminating between vaping and smoking behavior and produced informative, modestly powerful predictions of future FEV1 decline, mortality, and respiratory exacerbations. </ns3:p> <ns3:p> <ns3:bold>Conclusions:</ns3:bold> In summary, vaping and dual use are associated with RNA and protein blood-based biomarkers that are also associated with adverse health outcomes. </ns3:p>
VIBSYS: Integrated didactic and research platform for Vibration Analysis (2013)

The paper introduces a new system for vibration acquisition and analysis for rotating machinery - VIBSYS. It includes a mechanical structure, data acquisition subsystem and a software system developed as a virtual instrumentation project. The latter implements the configuration of the data acquisition, signal processing steps and provides the user with an intuitive and easy to operate user interface. The main goal of the proposed approach is to enable bearing defect detection as an initial step in a complete procedure of predictive maintenance. Experimental results, based on a comparative study on two bearing types using envelope analysis techniques are also discussed. The platform plays a dual role as a didactic and research stand through its modular and scalable structure as well as versatility.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Stereoconvergent, Intermolecular Enantioselective Hydroamination of Allenes. (2012)

Abstract The reaction of disubstituted chiral and racemic allenes with N‐unsubstituted carbamates provides N‐allylic carbamates in good yields and with high enantioselectivities.
Cloning in Escherichia coli and physical structure of hepatitis B virion DNA. (1979)

A restriction map of hepatitis B virion DNA was established after cloning of the whole viral genome in Escherichia coli. By use of EcoRI, Xho I, Bgl II, Xba I, BamHI, HincII, and Hae III endonucleases, a total of 28 restriction sites were mapped. The single-stranded region was localized on the restriction map and 5' end of the short strand was mapped at a fixed position.
Electrically switchable magnetic exchange in the vibronic model of linear mixed valence triferrocenium complex (2018)

In this article, we report our development of a vibronic model for the electric-field control of antiferromagnetic superexchange in the mixed-valence (MV) triferrocenium complex FeIII-FeII-FeIII proposed as a possible candidate for the molecular implementation of a quantum logic gate. Along with the electronic interactions, such as electron transfer between the iron ions in different oxidation degrees and Coulomb repulsion of the extra holes, the proposed model of the triferrocenium complex also takes into account the vibronic coupling as an inherent ingredient of the problem of mixed valency. The latter is described by the conventional Piepho-Krauzs-Shatz (PKS) model adapted to the linear disposition of the redox sites in the trimeric FeIII-FeII-FeIII complex, which gives a clear insight into the degree of delocalization in mixed-valence compounds. By introducing symmetry adapted molecular vibrations composed of the local "breathing" displacements, the three-mode vibronic problem is reduced to a two-mode problem involving interaction with the even and odd molecular vibrations of the linear centrosymmetric complex. The vibronic coupling was shown to play a key role in the degree of localization of the two holes among the three iron centers. This was shown to produce a pronounced influence on the electric-field dependences of the electronic-density distributions and electrically switchable magnetic exchange in the considered linear triferrocenium complex. In particular, it was shown that the vibronic coupling significantly influences the field-induced stepwise transformation FeIII-FeII-FeIII ↔ FeIII-FeIII-FeII, increasing the abruptness of the field dependencies of the singlet-triplet gap and the hole densities, which are of primary importance for the switching function.
The natural history of optic neuritis. (2006)

Optic neuritis is a common cause of visual loss in young patients, typically presenting with painful monocular visual loss and decreased color vision. Visual function generally spontaneously improves over weeks, and 95% of patients return to visual acuity of at least 20/40 within 12 months. The initial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) helps stratify the risk of multiple sclerosis (MS) in patients with acute isolated optic neuritis. In the Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial, the 10-year risk of MS in the group of patients with at least one MRI T2 lesion was 56%, whereas the 10-year risk with a normal baseline MRI was 22%. A normal MRI in concert with painless optic neuritis, severe optic nerve head edema, peripapillary hemorrhages, or a macular star defines a very low MS risk subgroup. High-dose steroids hasten the rate, but not the final extent, of visual recovery in optic neuritis, and the decision to use this therapy is individualized. Interferon beta-1a therapy should be considered in selected high-risk patients.
Exploiting Polarization Diversity to Improve Cyclostationary-Based LPD Properties of CDMA (2022)

This letter investigates reduction in the degree of cyclostationarity (DCS) of digital communication signals in the presence of polarization diversity. Reduction in DCS decreases the probability of detection of an intruder that searches for periodic patterns in the transmitted signal. We propose a DCS reducing scheme that exploits dual-polarization diversity when correlated wide sense stationary information streams with different rates and codes are transmitted over polarizations assuming a uni-polarized adversary. The effects of depolarization and data correlation across polarizations on both the DCS experienced by the adversary, and the resulting probability of detection are investigated.
Probabilistic one class learning for automatic detection of multiple sclerosis lesions (2015)

This paper presents an automatic algorithm for the detection of multiple sclerosis lesions (MSL) from multi-sequence magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We build a probabilistic classifier that can recognize MSL as a novel class, trained only on Normal Appearing Brain Tissues (NABT). Patch based intensity information of MRI images is used to train a classifier at the voxel level. The classifier is in turn used to compute a probability characterizing the likelihood of each voxel to be a lesion. This probability is then used to identify a lesion voxel based on simple Otsu thresholding. The proposed framework is evaluated on 16 patients and our analysis reveals that our approach is well suited for MSL detection and outperforms other benchmark approaches.
STEREOSCOPIC VISION IN DESKTOP AUGMENTED REALITY - User Performance in the Presence of Conflicting Depth Cues (2012)

The use of stereoscopy as a depth cue in current computer graphics technology is increasingly popular. On the other hand, in a Desktop Augmented Reality (AR) environment, a web cam and a set of printed markers allow the user to interact with an augmented view of the environment in the computer display. So, it seems a logical step for Desktop Augmented Reality systems to take advantage of the available stereoscopic hardware to improve the realism of the augmented scenes. The main problem of Desktop AR applications is that they will be used in different and unprepared environments (wide variety of hardware, inconsistent and unpredictable lighting conditions, etc.) Therefore, it is crucial to understand how adverse conditions affect user experience. Furthermore, Desktop AR applications usually present conflicts in the depth cues presented to the users: viewpoint offset and incorrect occlusions between real and virtual objects. We use the within subjects experimental approach to evaluate user performance in an Augmented Reality game. Our goal is to find if stereoscopic graphics help to reduce the impact of the other depth cues conflicts inherent to Desktop AR applications. Figure 1: Virtual objects are always drawn in front of real objects. This figure shows the path for the easiest level of the game.
Beam shaping unit for micromachining (2013)

Uniform irradiance distribution of laser spot is highly advisable in various micromachining techniques like scribing, PCB and Through-Silicon Via (TSV) drilling, repair techniques in display making technologies. Scanning over whole working field with using popular 2- and 3-axis galvo mirror scanners is another important part of microprocessing systems. Therefore, combining of beam shaping optics, converting Gaussian to flattop (uniform) laser beam profile, with scanning optical heads is an insistent technical task. To provide flattop irradiance profile it is suggested to apply field mapping refractive beam shaping optics &pi;Shaper being characterized by some important features: low output divergence, high transmittance, extended depth of field, capability to work with TEM00 and multimode lasers, as result providing a freedom in building various optical systems. De-magnifying of flattop laser beam can be realized with using imaging technique; the imaging optical system to be composed from F-theta lens of scanning head and additional collimating system to be used right after a &pi;Shaper. One of the problems in this approach is implementation of compact design of the collimating part. As a solution it is suggested to apply a specially designed Beam Shaping Unit (BSU) to be installed between a laser and a scanning head and providing: conversion from Gaussian to flattop laser beam irradiance profile, compact collimator design, and functions of laser beam adjustment and adaptation to a laser and a scanning head used in particular equipment. There will be considered design features of refractive beam shapers &pi;Shaper and BSU, examples of optical layouts to generate flattop laser spots, which sizes span from several tens of microns to millimetres. Examples of real implementations and results of material processing will be presented as well.
The role of heparan sulfates in protein aggregation and their potential impact on neurodegeneration (2018)

Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and prion diseases, are directly linked to the formation and accumulation of protein aggregates in the brain. These aggregates, principally made of proteins or peptides that clamp together after acquisition of β-folded structures, also contain heparan sulfates. Several lines of evidence suggest that heparan sulfates centrally participate in the protein aggregation process. In vitro, they trigger misfolding, oligomerization, and fibrillation of amyloidogenic proteins, such as Aβ, tau, α-synuclein, prion protein, etc. They participate in the stabilization of protein aggregates, protect them from proteolysis, and act as cell-surface receptors for the cellular uptake of proteopathic seeds during their spreading. This review focuses attention on the importance of heparan sulfates in protein aggregation in brain disorders including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and prion diseases. The presence of these sulfated polysaccharides in protein inclusions in vivo and their capacity to trigger protein aggregation in vitro strongly suggest that they might play critical roles in the neurodegenerative process. Further advances in glyco-neurobiology will improve our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms leading to protein aggregation and neurodegeneration.
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) detects collagen within the airway wall extracellular matrix (2019)

<b>Introduction:</b> Airway diseases are characterized by structural airway remodeling, including extracellular matrix (ECM) changes. Although a key feature, no diagnostic test currently assesses airway remodeling other than invasive airway biopsies. Real-time optical coherence tomography (OCT) generates infrared-based cross-sectional images of airway segments. Previously we reported that OCT identifies and quantifies airway wall layers. We hypothesized that OCT is able to detect collagen deposition areas within the airway wall ECM. <b>Methods:</b> In 5 lobectomy specimens 13 airways were dissected, marked with needles for matching histology and imaged by OCT. Sections were stained for total collagen (TC; pico sirius red) and collagen type I A1 (CA1; antibody). Color deconvolution was used to quantify TC or CA1 area (ImageJ). OCT images were segmented by light scattering intensity after thresholding, attenuation and roll-off correction. Areas were measured in mm<sup>2</sup> and defined as % of the airway wall. <b>Results:</b> 23 airway OCT images with matched histology sections stained for TC and CA1 were analyzed (Fig. 1A-F). OCT area showed a significant correlation with TC area (r=0.52, p=0.01) and a non-significant correlation with CA1 area (r=0.31; p=0.12). <b>Conclusion:</b> OCT scattering area appears to correspond to collagen within the airway wall. Therefore, OCT may represent an imaging technique of choice to assess airway remodeling.
Fairness-aware Federated Matrix Factorization (2022)

Achieving fairness over different user groups in recommender systems is an important problem. The majority of existing works achieve fairness through constrained optimization that combines the recommendation loss and the fairness constraint. To achieve fairness, the algorithm usually needs to know each user’s group affiliation feature such as gender or race. However, such involved user group feature is usually sensitive and requires protection. In this work, we seek a federated learning solution for the fair recommendation problem and identify the main challenge as an algorithmic conflict between the global fairness objective and the localized federated optimization process. On one hand, the fairness objective usually requires access to all users’ group information. On the other hand, the federated learning systems restrain the personal data in each user’s local space. As a resolution, we propose to communicate group statistics during federated optimization and use differential privacy techniques to avoid exposure of users’ group information when users require privacy protection. We illustrate the theoretical bounds of the noisy signal used in our method that aims to enforce privacy without overwhelming the aggregated statistics. Empirical results show that federated learning may naturally improve user group fairness and the proposed framework can effectively control this fairness with low communication overheads.
A 3&#x03BC;W wirelessly powered CMOS glucose sensor for an active contact lens (2011)

We present an integrated wirelessly powered glucose sensor allowing a functional active system on a contact lens. This sensor IC consists of power management, readout circuitry, wireless communication interface, and energy-storage capacitors in a standard CMOS process with no external components.
Supplementary Table S1 from Safety Run-in of Intramuscular pNGVL4a-Sig/E7(detox)/HSP70 DNA and TA-CIN Protein Vaccination as Treatment for HPV16+ ASC-US, ASC-H, or LSIL/CIN1 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table S1 shows Diastolic blood pressure of study participants at each study visit, including immediately pre- and 30 minutes post-vaccination&lt;/p&gt;
Neutral Point Voltage Control Method for Three-Level Diode-Clamped Converter Based on Fourth Harmonic Current Injection (2018)

DC-link neutral point voltage balancing for three level neutral point clamped converters has been extensively investigated. Many effective methods have been reported with desirable performances under high power factor conditions. However, most of the reported methods tend to be weakened when the converter operates at lower power factor, and very few methods can function under no-load or light-load condition. This paper proposes an alternative DC-link neutral point voltage control method based on injection of fourth order harmonic current. The proposed method works in full power factor range and no-load condition, where most other methods become less effective. A detailed description of the formulation, control of the method followed by simulation results are presented to confirm the performance of the method.