gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Large‐scale phenotypic analysis reveals identical contributions to cell functions of known and unknown yeast genes (2001)

Sequencing of the yeast genome has shown that about one-third of the yeast ORFs code for unknown proteins. Many other have similarity to known genes, but still the cellular functions of the gene products are unknown. The aim of the B1 Consortium of the EUROFAN project was to perform a qualitative phenotypic analysis on yeast strains deleted for functionally orphan genes. To this end we set up a simple approach to detect growth defects of a relatively large number of strains in the presence of osmolytes, ethanol, high temperature, inhibitory compounds or drugs affecting protein biosynthesis, phosphorylation level or nucleic acids biosynthesis. We have now developed this procedure to a semi-quantitative level, we have included new inhibitors, such as hygromycin B, benomyl, metals and additional drugs interfering with synthesis of nucleic acids, and we have performed phenotypic analysis on the deleted strains of 564 genes poorly characterized in respect to their cellular functions. About 30% of the deleted strains showed at least one phenotype: many of them were pleiotropic. For many gene deletions, the linkage between the deletion marker and the observed phenotype(s) was studied by tetrad analysis and their co-segregation was demonstrated. Co-segregation was found in about two-thirds of the analysed strains showing phenotype(s).
Hydrothermal synthesis and catalysis of Nb2O5–WOxnanofiber crystal (2010)

Nb2O5–WOx synthesized by a hydrothermal method having a long nano-crystalline structure with ca. 10 nm diameter exhibited a high catalytic activity in the Friedel–Crafts alkylations and acylations when it was calcined in N2.
Tryptophan hydroxylase 1 gene polymorphisms alter prefrontal cortex activation during response inhibition. (2015)

Polymorphisms in the TPH1 gene may be represented by diminished activity in lateral areas of the PFC underlying response inhibition. Reduced activity in medial PFC might represent altered self-monitoring of performances on the response inhibition task.
Modern Surgery for Global Cataract Blindness (1998)

Unoperated cataract in the developing world remains ophthalmology's major unsolved problem. Recent developments have brought into question the assumptions of those who have thought that extracapsular surgery with implantation of a posterior chamber intraocular lens is an unrealistic approach to the treatment of global cataract blindness. High-quality 1-piece posterior chamber intraocular lenses are being manufactured locally for approximately $10 each. Most ophthalmologists can be trained to perform extracapsular surgery in a 1-month course. This process is particularly effective if outstanding local surgeons receive intensive training to become instructors. While the incidence and treatment of posterior capsule opacification requires further study, the development of a low-cost YAG laser may be a solution. Imaginative ways to recover costs will need to be developed if the staggering prevalence of cataract blindness is to be effectively addressed. The improved result of modern surgery may make patients more willing to pay for their operation.
Atomic spectrometry viewpoint (1988)

W. Yu, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1988, 3, 929 DOI: 10.1039/JA9880300929
Technical Variability Is Greater than Biological Variability in a Microarray Experiment but Both Are Outweighed by Changes Induced by Stimulation (2011)

Variability in gene expression was very low and likely to improve further as technical advances are made. The finding that stimulation with LPS has a markedly greater effect on gene expression than the degree of variability provides confidence that microarray-based studies can be used to detect changes in gene expression of biological interest in infectious diseases.
ATR-101, a selective ACAT1 inhibitor, decreases ACTH-stimulated cortisol concentrations in dogs with naturally occurring Cushing’s syndrome (2018)

This study highlights the potential utility of naturally occurring canine Cushing's syndrome as a model for human disease and provides proof of concept for ATR-101 as a novel agent for the treatment of endocrine disorders like Cushing's syndrome in humans.
Textile electrodes and integrated smart textile for reliable biomonitoring (2011)

Since birth the first and the most natural interface for the body is fabric, a soft, warm and reassuring material. Cloth is usually covering more than 80 % of the skin; which leads us to consider textile material as the most appropriate interface where new sensorial and interactive functions can be implemented. The new generation of personalised monitoring systems is based on this paradigm: functions like sensing, transmission and elaboration are implementable in the materials through the textile technology. Functional yarns and fibres are usable to realise garments where electrical and computing properties are combined with the traditional mechanical characteristics, giving rise to textile platforms that are comparable with the cloths that are normally used to produce our garments. The feel of the fabric is the same, but the functionality is augmented. Nowadays, consumers demand user-friendly connectivity and interactivity; sensing clothes are the most natural and ordinary interface able to follow us, everywhere in a non-intrusive way, in natural harmony with our body.
Co-Occurring Gland Angularity in Localized Subgraphs: Predicting Biochemical Recurrence in Intermediate-Risk Prostate Cancer Patients (2014)

Quantitative histomorphometry (QH) refers to the application of advanced computational image analysis to reproducibly describe disease appearance on digitized histopathology images. QH thus could serve as an important complementary tool for pathologists in interrogating and interpreting cancer morphology and malignancy. In the US, annually, over 60,000 prostate cancer patients undergo radical prostatectomy treatment. Around 10,000 of these men experience biochemical recurrence within 5 years of surgery, a marker for local or distant disease recurrence. The ability to predict the risk of biochemical recurrence soon after surgery could allow for adjuvant therapies to be prescribed as necessary to improve long term treatment outcomes. The underlying hypothesis with our approach, co-occurring gland angularity (CGA), is that in benign or less aggressive prostate cancer, gland orientations within local neighborhoods are similar to each other but are more chaotically arranged in aggressive disease. By modeling the extent of the disorder, we can differentiate surgically removed prostate tissue sections from (a) benign and malignant regions and (b) more and less aggressive prostate cancer. For a cohort of 40 intermediate-risk (mostly Gleason sum 7) surgically cured prostate cancer patients where half suffered biochemical recurrence, the CGA features were able to predict biochemical recurrence with 73% accuracy. Additionally, for 80 regions of interest chosen from the 40 studies, corresponding to both normal and cancerous cases, the CGA features yielded a 99% accuracy. CGAs were shown to be statistically signicantly ([Formula: see text]) better at predicting BCR compared to state-of-the-art QH methods and postoperative prostate cancer nomograms.
Wireless Intrusion Detection System Using a Lightweight Agent (2010)

The exponential growth in wireless network faults, vulnerabilities, and attacks make the Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) security management a challenging research area. Deficiencies of security methods like cryptography (e.g. WEP) and firewalls, causes the use of more complex security systems, such as Intrusion Detection Systems, to be crucial. In this paper, we present a hybrid wireless intrusion detection system (WIDS). To implement the WIDS, we designed a simple lightweight agent. The proposed agent detect the most destroying and serious attacks; Man-In-The-Middle and Denial-of-Service; with the minimum selected feature set. To evaluate our proposed WIDS and its agent, we collect a complete data-set using open source attack generator softwares. Experimental results show that in comparison with similar systems, in addition of more simplicity, our WIDS provides high performance and precision.
Internal gettering in epi-silicon prepared under different conditions (2002)

The efficiency of internal gettering in epi-silicon was studied in samples prepared under different conditions as compared to external gettering and p+ gettering. The parameters changed were substrate resistivity, oxygen content and presence/absence of poly-Si on the back-side. The efficiency of internal gettering was assessed by measurement of the electron-beam-induced-current contrast versus temperature and applying existing models for interpreting the results. Internal gettering is effective also in p+ substrates with poly-Si on the back-side when the density of oxygen precipitates is high and their size small. Internal gettering is not effective for low density of oxygen precipitates when either p+ substrates or poly-Si or both are used.
Synthesis of Tricyclic Phosphonopyrrolidines via IMDAF: Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of the Observed Stereoselectivity (2008)

During the synthesis of tricyclic phosphonopyrrolidines via intramolecular Diels-Alder reactions of 1-acylamino(furan-2-yl)methyl phosphonates, two isomers are formed in most cases. The presence of a short three-atom tether together with spectroscopic data, including difference NOE, revealed that the cycloaddition occurred exo, but the phosphonate substituent on the tether had an exo or endo orientation. This was confirmed via X-ray analysis. A thermodynamic preference for the product with the phosphonate function in the endo position was observed experimentally and was confirmed theoretically. Density functional theory methods and several high-level post Hartree-Fock procedures were used to rationalize the observed isomer ratio of the IMDAF-reactions. This was done for two different types of reagents: with the activating carbonyl group in the tether or as a substituent on the tether. For the first type of molecules there is a large steric hindrance of the bulky tether substituents that disfavors the exo-isomer. In the latter case, there was a very small energy difference between the transition states causing a mixture of epimers being formed.
Abstract TP418: Asymptomatic Hemorrhagic Infarction on 24-Hour CT Post Intravenous Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator for Acute Ischemic Stroke Predicts Symptomatic Intracerebral Hemorrhage After Initiation of Antiplatelet Therapy (2019)

Background and Purpose: Predictors of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) after intravenous alteplase in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) are well established however there is limited data on predictors of delayed sICH (d-sICH) (occurring &gt; 36 hours from alteplase) after initiation of antithrombotic therapy in these patients. We hypothesize that asymptomatic hemorrhagic infarction (HI) on 24-hour brain imaging predicts delayed sICH after initiation of antiplatelet therapy. Methods: We included consecutive patients who received intravenous alteplase for AIS over a 12-month period. All patients received brain imaging, either CT or MRI, approximately 24-hours post alteplase. Patients who were deceased or made comfort measures only or with lack of at least 48 hour follow-up, or those with parenchymal hematoma (PH) or sICH prior to antithrombotic therapy initiation were excluded. The primary outcome was delayed sICH defined using the modified SITS-MOST criteria. We compared demographic data, clinical risk factors, NIHSS score, pre-admission antithrombotic usage, and 24-hour imaging characteristics between the two groups (d-sICH vs. no d-sICH) using univariate and multivariable analyses (including variables with p&lt;0.1 on univariable models). Analysis was done using SPSS version 20.0 and p&lt;0.05 was considered significant. Results: We identified 263 patients who met the inclusion criteria; 51.3% were men and the mean age was70.9 years, 8 patients (3.0%) had d-sICH and 60 patients (22.8%) had asymptomatic HI on 24-hour brain imaging (CT or MRI). On univariate analyses, predictors of d-sICH were diabetes [50.0% (4/8) vs. 23.1% (59/255), p = 0.097} and asymptomatic HI on CT [50.0% (4/8) vs. 13.1 (31/236), p=0.016] and a trend for asymptomatic hemorrhage on MRI [60.0% (3/5) vs. 25.0% (42/168), p = 0.11]. In a multivariable model, both diabetes (OR 5.1 95% CI 1.1 - 23.3, p=0.037) and asymptomatic hemorrhage on CT (OR 8.9 95% CI 1.9 - 41.7 p = 0.005) predicted d-sICH. Conclusion: In AIS patient receiving alteplase, asymptomatic HI on 24-hour brain imaging predicts d-sICH after antithrombotic treatment. Future studies are needed to confirm our findings and investigate best timing of initiating antiplatelet therapy and other measures to reduce d-sICH risk.
Vertical distribution of aerosols in the vicinity of Mexico City during MILAGRO-2006 Campaign (2010)

Abstract. On 7 March 2006, a mobile, ground-based, vertical pointing, elastic lidar system made a North-South transect through the Mexico City basin. Column averaged, aerosol size distribution (ASD) measurements were made on the ground concurrently with the lidar measurements. The ASD ground measurements allowed calculation of the column averaged mass extinction efficiency (MEE) for the lidar system (1064 nm). The value of column averaged MEE was combined with spatially resolved lidar extinction coefficients to produce total aerosol mass concentration estimates with the resolution of the lidar (1.5 m vertical spatial and 1 s temporal). Airborne ASD measurements from DOE G-1 aircraft made later in the day on 7 March 2006, allowed the evaluation of the assumptions of constant ASD with height and time used for estimating the column averaged MEE. The results showed that the aerosol loading within the basin is about twice what is observed outside of the basin. The total aerosol base concentrations observed in the basin are of the order of 200 μg/m3 and the base levels outside are of the order of 100 μg/m3. The local heavy traffic events can introduce aerosol levels near the ground as high as 900 μg/m3. The article presents the methodology for estimating aerosol mass concentration from mobile, ground-based lidar measurements in combination with aerosol size distribution measurements. An uncertainty analysis of the methodology is also presented.
Antiseizure Medications Withdrawal Seizures in Patients with Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy. (2022)

Our findings suggest a higher sensitivity of JME patients to withdrawal of medications. It is important to educate JME patients about treatment adherence and to explain to their physicians how to carefully reduce or replace ASMs to mitigate the morbidity and mortality related to ASM withdrawal.
Potential reduced exposure products (PREPs) for smokeless tobacco users: Clinical evaluation methodology (2008)

Several potential reduced exposure products (PREPs) for smokeless tobacco (SLT) users are marketed in the United States, though their effects are largely unknown. These products include some that are low in tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNs), like Stonewall, a pressed tobacco tablet, and General snus, a moist snuff product produced in Sweden. Methodology assessing the toxicant exposure and effects of cigarette-like PREPs for smokers has been developed, and might be modified for use in evaluating PREPs for SLT users. This report describes two studies examining the toxicant exposure and effects of two PREPs for SLT users. Study 1 (n = 13) consisted of four 4.5-hr laboratory sessions where SLT products (own brand, Stonewall, General snus, and tobacco-free placebo) were used for four 30-min episodes and nicotine exposure and tobacco/nicotine abstinence symptoms were measured. Study 2 (n = 19) consisted of four 5-day ad libitum use periods when participants used own brand, Stonewall, General snus, or no SLT and urinary levels of metabolites of nicotine (cotinine) and the TSN 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNAL) and abstinence symptoms were measured. Compared with own brand, Stonewall was associated with lower levels of cotinine and NNAL, while General snus was associated with similar levels of cotinine and lower levels of NNAL. Abstinence symptoms generally did not differ across tobacco conditions. These results show that clinical laboratory methods can be used to evaluate the toxicant exposure and abstinence symptom suppression associated with PREPs for SLT users.
NANOPARTICLES: AN OVERVIEW OF THE PREPARATION METHODS FROM PREFORMED POLYMERS (2017)

Polymer nanoparticles have many potential applications in biomedical field, since they can be used as drug delivery systems and/or for diagnostic purposes. The encapsulation into polymer nanoparticles may prevent drug degradation, control the rate and extent of release, and deliver a higher concentration of the active molecule to a desired organ/tissue. Nevertheless, the physicochemical characteristics of nanoparticles may greatly influence the activity of the encapsulated molecule. To obtain a suitable drug delivery system the choice of the nanoparticle preparation method is a crucial key. The selection of a specific technique is generally determined by the physicochemical characteristics of both polymer and drug, the delivery route, regulatory restrictions, and the desired physicochemical and morphological parameters of the nanoparticles. Two main strategies are employed for the preparation of polymer nanoparticles: the dispersion of preformed polymers and the polymerization of monomers. This review focuses on most commonly used methods that start from preformed polymers, and, in particular, on five techniques: nanoprecipitation, salting- out, emulsification diffusion, emulsification evaporation, and double emulsion solvent evaporation.
Diagnostic Validity of Semiquantitative Swab Cultures. (2007)

Swab cultures of wounds are noninvasive and most laboratories are capable of semiquantitatively processing these specimens. This study examined the diagnostic validity of semiquantitative swab cultures obtained using Levine's technique and compared semiquantitative and quantitative swab cultures. Two swab specimens were obtained from a sample of 44 chronic wounds using Levine's technique. One was processed using quantitative laboratory procedures and the other using semiquantitative laboratory procedures. The diagnostic validity of the findings from each swab culture process was determined by associating the culture findings of each with quantitative tissue cultures (reference standard) using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and by evaluating concordance. The area under the curve (AUC) of the semiquantitative swab culture was 0.639, which was not significantly higher than the .50 diagonal chance (P = 0.0501), suggesting a non-informative test. The AUC for quantitative swab cultures was 0.821. The AUC of the quantitative swab culture was significantly higher than the diagonal chance line of 0.5 and was significantly higher than the AUC of the semiquantitative swab culture (P = 0.0128). The mean concordance of semiquantitative cultures in recovering all organisms was 57%. The mean concordance of quantitative swab cultures in recovering all organisms was 72%. The findings of this study suggest that swab specimens processed using semiquantitative processes do not provide culture findings that correlate well with culture findings from tissue specimens. More meaningful information can be obtained from swab specimens if they are quantitatively processed in the laboratory.
Optical control of exciton states and enhanced valley Zeeman splitting in WS2(Conference Presentation) (2016)

Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides, MX2 (M = Mo, W and X = S, Se), are direct-gap semiconductors with many interesting properties capable of producing an all-surface material applicable to sensing, single-atom storage and other quantum-based technologies. Here we report on the optical control of single layers of MX2 such that the photoluminescence (PL) is solely from the trion state. After trion isolation, changes in the Raman spectra were observed: there is a decrease in the intensity of the out of plane mode and an enhancement of the 2LA mode. The effect is reversible, and our results suggest that the changes of the strength of a particular excitonic state are due to surface interactions with ambient environment. In addition, spatial non-uniformity is probed by studying variations of strain and the PL emission as a function of position on our sample. The boundaries of mechanically exfoliated MX2 as well as boundaries intentionally created via fs laser ablation were investigated. The edges exhibit significant Raman shifts as well as remarkably enhanced PL emission compared to their respective central area. Finally, we probe the degree of circular polarization of the emitted PL as a function of the photo-excitation energy and temperature to elucidate spin-dependent inter- and intra-valley relaxation mechanisms. This work was supported by the FP7-REGPOT-2012-2013-1, under grant agreement 316165.
Electromembrane Processes in Environment Protection (2000)

The separation membrane techniques in which an external electric field is applied as a driving force (such as electrodialysis, electro-electrodialysis, and membrane electrolysis) are shortly described and their application in environment protection is presented. Attention was focused on recovery of valuable chemicals from effluents and waste gases. Examples of new production methods that eliminate environment polluting intermediate or by-products are presented. The possibility of the use of bipolar membrane is emphasized. The application of ion-exchange membranes in &amp;quot;green &amp;quot; power sources is also discussed.
Biosynthesis of 19‐Hydroxy‐Prostaglandin A1 (1969)

Prostaglandin A 1 , prostaglandin E 1 and 11α‐hydroxy‐9,15‐diketoprostanoic acid have been incubated with guinea pig liver microsomes plus boiled high speed supernatant supplemented with NADPH. Prostaglandin A 1 was converted in 10–18% yield into 19‐hydroxy‐prostaglandin A 1 (35%) and 20‐hydroxy‐prostaglandin A 1 (65%). Prostaglandin E 1 gave a very small yield (less than 3%) of a hydroxylated derivative, and 11α‐hydroxy‐9,15‐diketoprostanoic acid was not hydroxylated at all. In the latter case, however, a reduction of the side chain keto group took place, affording 11α,15‐dihydroxy‐9‐ketoprostanoic acid.
Immediate Bilateral Breast Reconstruction Using Abdominally Based Flaps: An Analysis of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample Database (2019)

Immediate complication rates were higher in bilateral free flaps compared with bilateral pedicled flaps. pTRAM and fTRAM flap reconstructions are still performed frequently with acceptable immediate results without considering long-term morbidity, aesthetics, and abdominal muscle function. Bilateral SIEA free flaps were associated with significantly higher total cost, LOS, and complication rates compared with other groups. Complications were similar between unilateral and bilateral reconstruction procedures. While cost is significantly greater for bilateral procedures compared with unilateral pTRAM, fTRAM, and DIEP flaps, it is not doubled.