gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microseismic Monitoring and Analysis Using Cutting-Edge Technology: A Key Enabler for Reservoir Characterization (2022)

Microseismic monitoring is a useful enabler for reservoir characterization without which the information on the effects of reservoir operations such as hydraulic fracturing, enhanced oil recovery, carbon dioxide, or natural gas geological storage would be obscured. This research provides a new breakthrough in the tracking of the reservoir fracture network and characterization by detecting the microseismic events and locating their sources in real-time during reservoir operations. The monitoring was conducted using fiber optic distributed acoustic sensors (DAS) and the data were analyzed by deep learning. The use of DAS for microseismic monitoring is a game changer due to its excellent temporal and spatial resolution as well as cost-effectiveness. The deep learning approach is well-suited to dealing in real-time with the large amounts of data recorded by DAS equipment due to its computational speed. Two convolutional neural network based models were evaluated and the best one was used to detect and locate microseismic events from the DAS recorded field microseismic data from the FORGE project in Milford, United States. The results indicate the capability of deep neural networks to simultaneously detect and locate microseismic events from the raw DAS measurements. The results showed a small percentage error. In addition to the high spatial and temporal resolution, fiber optic cables are durable and can be installed permanently in the field and be used for decades. They are also resistant to high pressure, can withstand considerably high temperature, and therefore can be used even during field operations such as a flooding or hydraulic fracture stimulation. Deep neural networks are very robust; need minimum data pre-processing, can handle large volumes of data, and are able to perform multiple computations in a time- and cost-effective way. Once trained, the network can be easily adopted to new conditions through transfer learning.
Quantitative Analysis of Adipose Depots by Using Chest CT and Associations with All-Cause Mortality in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Longitudinal Analysis from MESArthritis Ancillary Study (2021)

Background Obesity and sarcopenia are associated with mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Routine chest CT examinations may allow assessment of obesity and sarcopenia by soft-tissue markers for predicting risks of mortality. Purpose To investigate associations between soft-tissue markers subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT), and pectoralis muscle (PM) index from chest CT with mortality in participants with COPD. Materials and Methods In this secondary analysis of a prospectively enrolled cohort from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, participants with available chest CT in 2010-2012 were included. CT examinations were analyzed to determine SAT, IMAT (within PM), and PM areas. The spirometry evaluations were used to establish COPD diagnosis. Mortality data were extracted from the National Death Index (April 2010 to December 2017). The correlations of the soft-tissue markers with fat mass index were studied. The associations of these markers and risks of mortality in participants with COPD were assessed by using Cox proportional-hazard models adjusted for confounders. Results Among 2994 participants who were included (mean age, 69 years ± 9 [standard deviation]; 1551 women), 265 had COPD (9%; mean age, 72 years ± 9; 162 men) and 49 participants with COPD (18%) died during follow-up. The SAT, IMAT, and PM areas had moderate-to-excellent reliabilities (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.88-0.99). In the 2994 participants, the SAT (ρ = 0.80; 95% CI: 0.78, 0.81; <i>P</i> < .001) and IMAT indexes (ρ = 0.37; 95% CI: 0.34, 0.41; <i>P</i> < .001) were correlated with fat mass index. Those with COPD and higher SAT index had lower risks of mortality (hazard ratio, 0.2; 95% CI: 0.1, 0.4; <i>P</i> < .001, per doubling), whereas a higher IMAT index was associated with a higher risk of mortality (hazard ratio, 1.4; 95% CI: 1.0, 1.9; <i>P</i> = .04, per doubling). Conclusion Soft-tissue markers were reliably obtained by using chest CT performed for lung assessment. In participants with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, a high intermuscular adipose tissue index was associated with a higher risk of mortality than was a high subcutaneous adipose tissue index. © RSNA, 2021 <i>Online supplemental material is available for this article.</i> See also the editorial by Sverzellati and Cademartiri in this issue.
Formulating Midsurface using Shape Transformations of Form Features (2014)

Shapes modelled using Computer Aided Design (CAD) applications are used in downstream applications like, manufacturing (Computer Aided Manufacturing, CAM), Analysis (Computer AidedEngineering, CAE) etc. Use of form features is prevalent in the CAD applications, but their leveraging in the downstream applications is not very common, especially in the CAE applications. The initial phase of design demands for quick analysis of the model. Here, CAD models are oftensimplified by removing the irrelevant features (de-featuring) and by idealizing solids to surfaces or curves(dimension reduction), so that the CAE analysis gets performed with lesser resources and time. MidsurfaceExtraction is one of the ways of dimension reduction where thin-walled portions of a solid areidealized to surfaces lying midway. This paper presents a novel representation scheme (called ABLE) for CAD entities and operators including formfeatures which is then leveraged to define the algorithm for extracting Midsurface.
Correlation of Extended Defects with Electrical Yield of SiC MOSFET Devices (2023)

The quality of the silicon carbide (SiC) epitaxial layer, i.e., layer homogeneities and extended defect densities, is of highest importance for high power 4H-SiC trench metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors (Trench-MOSFET) devices. Especially, yield for devices with a large chip area is severely impacted by extended defects. Previously, devices had to be fully manufactured to effectively gauge the impact of a reduction in extended defect densities in the epitaxial layers on device yield. The production of devices such as Trench-MOSFETs is an extensive procedure. Therefore, a correlation between extended defects in the epitaxial layer and electrical device failure would allow to reliably estimate the impact of process changes during epitaxial layer deposition on electrical device yield.For this reason, n-type epitaxial layers were grown on around 1,000 commercially available 150 mm 4H-SiC Si-face substrates, which received a chemical wet cleaning prior to the epitaxy deposition. Substrates with lowest micro-pipe density from two different suppliers were used. The wafers were characterized with the corresponding device layout for defects utilizing surface microscopy as well as ultraviolet photoluminescence techniques. Subsequently, these wafers were used to produce more than 500,000 Trench-MOSFET devices. All devices have been tested on wafer level for their initial electrical integrity.With these methods a precise correlation between extended defects in the epitaxial layer and electrical failures on wafer level could be found. The influence of different substrates on the defect-based yield prediction regarding the electrical yield on wafer level is discussed. Additionally, a calculated kill-ratio is presented and the severity of defect classes on initial device failure, e.g., stacking faults, and their key failures modes are discussed.
3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylbutyrate and 2‐oxoisocaproate affect body composition and cholesterol concentration in rabbits (1998)

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von 3‐Hydroxy‐3‐Methylbutyrat und 2‐Oxoisocaproat auf die Körperzusammensetzung und die Cholesterin‐Konzentrationen beim Kaninchen Es wurde der Effekt von steigenden 3‐Hydroxy‐3‐Methylbutyrat (HMB)‐ und steigenden 2‐Oxoisocaproat (Kic)‐Gaben auf das Wachstum und die Körperzusammensetzung wachsender Kaninchen untersucht. Zusätzlich wurden die Cholesterin‐Konzentrationen im Plasma, Muskel, Duodenum und in der Leber ermittelt. Männliche, weiße Termonde‐Kaninchen erhielten entweder Versuchsdiäten mit ansteigenden Anteilen an HMB (0,005–0,1% i. der TS) oder ansteigenden Anteilen an KIC (0,02–0,1% i. der TS) bzw. Kontrolldiäten (mit CaCO 3 ) für 9 Wochen. Die Verabreichung von HMB und KIC hatte keinen Einfluß auf das Wachstum und den Proteingehalt der gesamten Schlachtkörper. Dagegen fiel der Fettgehalt des gesamten Schlachtkörpers bis auf 30% proportional mit steigenden Mengen an HMB und KIC (P &lt; 0,05). Das Protein: Fettverhältnis stieg von 12% auf 42% bei der Diät mit 0,1% HMB. Die Plasma‐Cholesterin‐Konzentration fiel während der ersten 3 Versuchswochen ab und blieb dann auf dem niedrigen Gehalt für den Rest des Versuches (P &lt; 0,05). Die Cholesterin‐Konzentration beim Duodenum fiel um 15% (0,1% KIC; P &lt; 0,01). Daraus läßt sich schließen, daß HMB/KIC, mit dem Futter verabreicht, den Schlachtkörper der Kaninchen positiv beeinflußt, vor allem hinsichtlich der Protein: Fett‐Verhältnisse, und die Cholesterin‐Konzentration im Plasma und Duodenum absenkt.
Abstract 13400: Patients Less Than or Equal to 2.5kg Have Higher Morbidity and Mortality After Norwood-sano Palliation (2020)

Introduction: In patients with single ventricle heart disease, prematurity and low weight at the Norwood operation are risk factors for mortality. Reports assessing peri-operative and long-term outcomes of Norwood palliation in patients ≤ 2.5kg are limited. Methods: All patients who underwent Norwood-Sano procedure between 2005-2020 were identified. Patients ≤ 2.5kg at the time of the Norwood operation (cases) were matched 1:3 with patients ≥ 3.0 kg (comparisons) for year of surgery and cardiac diagnosis. Demographic and peri-operative characteristics, survival to hospital discharge and 2-year neurodevelopmental outcomes were compared. Results: Twenty-seven cases (mean±SD weight 2.2±0.3 kg, mean age 15.6±14.1 days at surgery) and 81 comparisons (mean weight 3.5±0.4 kg, mean age 10.9±7.9 days at surgery) were identified. There was no statistically significant difference in the presence of chromosomal abnormalities (7.4% vs. 12.3%, p=0.485), prenatal diagnosis made (88.9% vs. 75.3%, p=0.141), or duration of cardiopulmonary bypass (140.7±65.6 vs. 121.3±42.3 min, p=0.068) between cases and comparisons, respectively. Cases had a longer time to post-operative lactate &lt; 2 mmol/L (33.1±27.5 vs. 17.9±12.2 hours, p&lt;0.001), longer duration of ventilation (30.5±24.5 vs. 18.6±17.5 days, p=0.005), higher need for dialysis (48.1% vs. 19.8%, p=0.007) and greater need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support (29.6% vs. 12.3%, p=0.004). Cases also had significantly higher in-hospital (25.9% vs. 1.2%, p&lt;0.001) and 2-year (59.2% vs. 11.1%, p&lt;0.001) mortality. The 2-year Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, III, was completed on all living cases (n=11) and most comparisons (n=63; 1 refusal and 8 too young); delay, a score of &lt; 70, showed the following differences between cases vs. comparisons for cognitive (86.9 vs. 91, p=0.363), language (84.9 vs. 88.2, p=0.494) and motor (73.6 vs. 87.3, p=0.013). Conclusions: Patients ≤ 2.5kg at the time of Norwood-Sano have significantly higher post-operative morbidity and mortality up to 2-year follow-up, and worse 2-year neurodevelopmental motor outcomes. Additional studies are warranted to assess the outcome of alternative therapeutic options in this patient population.
Analysis of mutations in the BCR-ABL1 kinase domain, using direct sequencing: detection of the T315I mutation in bone marrow CD34+ cells of a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia 6 months prior to its emergence in peripheral blood. (2012)

Our finding reflects the natural development of a T315I mutation within the hematopoietic system of the reported patient and indicates the importance of BCR-ABL1 mutation monitoring in more primitive cell populations. Considering the natural history of T315I development in this reported CML case, we hypothesize that BCR-ABL1 KD mutations may be pre-concentrated in more primitive CML cells, which subsequently expand into the PB. These findings may have future implications for the strategy used for detecting BCR-ABL1 mutations.
SELF-DIFFUSION COEFFICIENTS OF Tl AND Br IN TIBr SINGLE CRYSTAL (1972)

Abstract Self-diffusion coefficients of Tl and Br in TIBr single crystal were determined by the radioactive tracers and the serial sectioning technique. The results are as follows, DTl*=(1.316±0.013)exp[−(27.44±0.55)⁄RT]cm2⁄sec (420–300°C) DBr*=(1.227±0.013)×10−2exp[−(17.75±0.22)⁄RT]cm2⁄sec (420–250°C) where the activation energy is expressed in unit of kcal/mol.
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Pressure Synthesis and Characterization of the Rare‐Earth Borate La4B10O21. (2012)

Abstract The title compound is synthesized by reaction of La 2 O 3 , LaF 3 , and B 2 O 3 in a molar ratio of 2:1:6 (Walker‐type multianvil apparatus, 2.6 GPa, 750 °C).
The ultrastructure of the flagellar root system ofImantonia rotunda(Prymnesiophyceae) (1986)

A detailed study of the fine structure of the flagellar root system in Imantonia rotunda Reynolds (Prymnesiophyceae) has been made and a reconstruction is presented. There are two divergent basal bodies connected by a striated distal fibrous connecting band, a pair of median connecting bands and a small proximal connecting band. Associated with the connecting bands and the basal-bodies are a number of microtubular roots, none of which is composed of more than three microtubules, at least in the region of the flagellar apparatus. A haptonema trace was not observed. The root system in I. rotunda is compared with those (often more complex) observed in other members of the class and possible homologies are proposed.
AC voltage hybrid filter (1999)

The terminal voltage series type active power filter is developed. The filter reduces output voltage harmonics in a wide range of load. It is effective for liner and nonlinear load from no load to full load operation. The filter consists of passive LC component and H-transistor bridge as active part. The DC link of the bridge is supplied from the AC supply system. The control concept is based on constant average DC link voltage. Theory of the filter operation and results of simulation study are presented for cases of linear and nonlinear loads.
Bayesian multipoint velocity encoding for concurrent flow and turbulence mapping (2012)

An approach to efficiently measure three-dimensional velocity vector fields and turbulent kinetic energy of blood flow is presented. Multipoint phase-contrast imaging is used in combination with Bayesian analysis to map both mean and fluctuating velocities over a large dynamic range and for practically relevant signal-to-noise ratios. It is demonstrated that the approach permits significant spatiotemporal undersampling to allow for clinically acceptable scan times. Using numerical simulations and in vitro measurements in aortic valve phantoms, it is shown that for given scan time, Bayesian multipoint velocity encoding provides consistently lower errors of velocity and turbulent kinetic energy over a larger dynamic range relative to previous methods. In vitro, significant differences in both peak velocity and turbulent kinetic energy between the aortic CoreValve (150 cm/s, 293 J/m3) and the St. Jude Medical mechanical valve (120 cm/s, 149 J/m3) were found. Comparison of peak turbulent kinetic energy measured in a patient with aortic stenosis (950 J/m3) and in a patient with an implanted aortic CoreValve (540 J/m3) revealed considerable differences relative to the values detected in healthy subjects (149±12 J/m3) indicating the potential of the method to provide a comprehensive hemodynamic assessment of valve performance in vivo.
Initiation of a comparative metagenomic study of the Red Sea and Pacific Ocean marine microbiomes (2014)

The marine microbiome is a fundamental component of the biosphere. Its bacteria are abundant and play critical roles within the ocean environment. The majority of this important group of bacteria are genetically uncharacterized. Relatively few species have been studied in the laboratory. However, by applying metagenomic analyses to marine microbial populations, genomic ‘snapshots’ may be taken and from appropriate time series experiments their dynamics established. As a key component of the CBRC Centre Research Program (2014-2020), we are initiating a comparative study of the Red Sea and North Eastern Japanese coast and bay complexes. These environments differ in physical characteristics significantly. The Red Sea exhibits consistently high salinity, temperature and insolation characteristics, whereas the Japanese waters are less saline, cooler and receive lower insolation. Here, we present initial data and analytical pipelines for Phase 1 of our collaborative research program.
Health monitoring and diagnostics of ground combat vehicles (2003)

The proposed technology is the Dependable Automated Reconfigurable Software (DARTS). The DARTS health and situation control continually tests the processing elements with Probe/Agent technology. Algorithms within the Health &amp; Situation Control assess the health of the processors based on a criticality scoring system that considers mission requirements. Probes launched by the DARTS Controller query processing elements. The probed data is sent to a gauge that has a variable sensitivity or gain. Statistical Usage models and criticality scoring control the sensitivity of the gauge. In response to the gauge, the replicating process launches agents that can insert anomalous events for diagnoistic pruposes. In this context, a probe is a subset of an agent having only the abilty to query without affecting framework, I/O protocol or Quality of Service. Each weapon system fitted with a DARTS Controller will control self-repair and reconfiguration of on-board processors utilizing a statistical based intelligent scoring system. It considers criticality of the function in the current battlefield situation. DARTS is a software system that enhances the performance of a weapon system by providing on-the-fly reconfiguration to accomodate the loss or malfunction of processing elements or to optimize onboard performance capability.
Social Media as ad hoc Design Collaboration Tools (2015)

This paper explores the extent to which existing online collaboration tools support the demands encountered during the early stages of the creative design process. Results from a web survey among design communities and the interviews with 9 designers suggest that Facebook is the most used platform to collaborate with other designers. A qualitative analysis of the data collected reveals that existing tools do not properly support the social processes that define the design process. Furthermore, the design process is affected by the huge amount of information and the inability to filter out and connect the different information provided by the collection of tools. We conclude with a discussion of the results and challenges for future collaboration tools.
Distribution of the superconducting critical current density within a Gd–Ba–Cu–O single grain (2020)

Abstract The magnitude of the maximum trapped magnetic field in a bulk, single-grain superconductor is a key performance figure of merit. This is determined, generally, by the magnitude of the critical current density, J c , and the length scale over which it flows. As with all type-II superconductors, J c is related closely to the microstructure of the superconducting material and, in the case of RE–Ba–Cu–O [(RE)BCO, where RE is a rare-earth element or yttrium] single grains, RE 2 BaCuO 5 (RE-211) inclusions in the superconducting REBa 2 Cu 3 O 7− δ (RE-123) phase matrix are key microstructural features that act effectively as flux pinning centres. Although the distribution of RE-211 in single-grain bulk superconductors has been studied extensively, the variation of J c within a given sample has been much investigated much less thoroughly. A detailed experimental understanding of the variation of J c in these technologically important materials, therefore, is required given the growing popularity and significance of numerical techniques for modelling the behaviour of type-II bulk superconductors. Here we report a systematic investigation of the correlation between Gd-211 particle density and sample porosity, which are microstructural features, and T c and J c in a Gd–Ba–Cu–O bulk, single grain fabricated using a buffer layer and a supply of additional liquid phase. This was performed by cutting the sample into numerous sub-specimens of approximate dimensions 1.8 × 2.8 × 1.5 mm 3 . We observe that J c decreases with distance from the seed, although more strongly with distance along the c -axis than along the a–b plane. In contrast to what might be expected given the assumed contribution of RE-211 inclusions to flux pinning, we find no evidence of a clear correlation between the local RE-211 precipitate density and local critical current on a length scale of mm. We observe that the porosity of the sample is a more dominant factor in determining the distribution of J c within a single grain.
Fluxless and virtually voidless soldering for semiconductor chips (1988)

A novel soldering technique using a solder washer preform has been developed. A conventional vacuum-release process is used in the soldering procedure. That is, after curing of the assembly in vacuum ( approximately 1 torr) the fused washer preform wets the specimens (e.g. chip and heat sink) to seal up the through-hole area of the washer preform with approximately 1 torr. Subsequently, the vacuum is released to make the fluid pure solder flow into the through-hole area in such a manner that most of the oxide film of the washer preform is destroyed. It is demonstrated that the procedure results in an ideal bond with pure solder in a vacuum, without using flux. It also demonstrated that the above technique can be used to reduce voids to less than 5% on average in solder bonds with 1-cm/sup 2/ chips or 3-in wafers. Improved solder bond strength due to the new technique is also confirmed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Evidence of a Negative Resistance Characteristic in Circuits Consisting of Thin Mylar Films Connected in Series with High Resistances (1971)

Evidence of a negative-resistance characteristic in a circuit consisting of a thin film of Mylar, in series with a high resistance, at high dc fields is reported. This characteristic is a result of a reversible electrical breakdown of Mylar films at a temperature-dependent high dc field, which precedes an irreversible thermal breakdown. Without an adequate series resistance these two types of breakdown occur essentially simultaneously and in this event the negative-resistance characteristic cannot be observed.