gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Use in Transtibial Amputations (2018)

Individuals with amputations experience an invasive surgery compromising the residual limb resulting in detriments such as a decrease in muscle strength, muscle atrophy, pain and gait impairments. Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES) has been shown to improve the strength and volume of the quadriceps muscles in individuals who have experienced a total knee arthroplasty, osteoarthritis of the knee, anterior cruciate ligament repair and in individuals who suffer from a chronic illness. NMES has also been shown to decrease pain in conditions such as knee osteoarthritis, chronic back pain, and total knee arthroplasty. We proposed a novel idea to apply NMES to individuals with amputation to see if we can achieve the same results. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the efficacy of NMES for individuals with a transtibial amputation. We aimed to demonstrate that when compared to a control group, individuals who received three months of NMES intervention will show greater knee extension strength, increased volume of the residual limb, decreased chronic and phantom pain and improved gait relative to the baseline measures. We also evaluated the feasibility of this intervention and determined effect sizes to power a larger study. Twenty unilateral transtibial participants who were greater than one-year post amputation were recruited and randomized into two groups. The study consisted of a baseline visit and four follow up visits. Changes in outcomes were examined between baseline and 12 weeks using a Mann-Whitney U test and box and scatterplots. Fifteen subjects completed the study. The data showed no statistical significant changes in all the outcomes except for a significant decrease in residual limb pain at 12 weeks (p=0.03). Clinically significant changes in various outcome measures were found for some individual participants. Although the study findings were inconclusive participants felt that their strength and residual limb shape improved with the NMES intervention and that the NMES was very easy to use. This pilot study demonstrated feasibility and excellent compliance with an at-home NMES intervention. A future study involving refined measurement techniques and testing with a larger cohort of transtibial amputees is warranted.
A new methodological approach of sizing and operation optimization for cogeneration by internal combustion engines (2000)

International Conference on Efficiency, Cost Optimisation, Simulation and Environmental Aspects of Energy and Process Systems, UNIV TWENTE ENSCHEDE, TWENTE ENSCHEDE, NETHERLANDS, JUL 05-07, 2000
Electrically Triggered Release of a Small Molecule Drug from a Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Coating (2010)

Electrically triggered drug delivery represents an attractive option for actively and remotely controlling the release of a therapeutic from an implantable device (e.g., a "pharmacy-on-a-chip"). Here we report the fabrication of nanoscale thin films that can release precise quantities of a small molecule drug in response to application of a small, anodic electric potential of at least +0.5 V versus Ag/AgCl. Films containing negatively charged Prussian Blue (PB) nanoparticles and positively charged gentamicin, a small hydrophilic antibiotic, were fabricated using layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly. When oxidized, the PB nanoparticles shift from negatively charged to neutral, inducing dissolution of the film. Films with thicknesses in the range 100-500 nm corresponding to drug loadings of 1-4 μg/cm(2) were characterized. We demonstrate control over the drug dosage by tuning the film thickness as well as the magnitude of the applied voltage. Drug release kinetics ranging from triggered burst release to on/off, or pulsatile release, were achieved by applying different electric potential profiles. Finally, the in vitro efficacy of the released drug was confirmed against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Given the versatility of an external electrical stimulus and the ability of LbL assembly to conformally coat a variety of substrates regardless of size, shape, or chemical composition, we maintain that electrically controlled release of a drug from an LbL-coated surface could have applications in both implantable medical devices and transdermal drug delivery systems.
Implications of Total Dose on Single-Event Transient (SET) Pulse Width Measurement Techniques (2008)

Most pulse width characterization circuits measure single-event transients (SETs) using a target circuit consisting of long inverter chains or temporal latches exposed to heavy-ions over extended periods of time. For these approaches, circuit-level effects eliminate shorter pulses due to prolonged heavy-ion exposure providing the worst case estimate of measurable transients. Simulation results in the IBM 180 nm and 90 nm technologies corroborate this effect and discuss the resulting factors affecting single event (SE) error cross-sections. Experimental evaluation of such a SET pulse width characterization circuit under heavy-ion exposure showed reduced number of events measured due to total dose effects as expected. Additional experimental and simulation results show that the length of the propagation chains in the target circuit (for capturing SETs), the exposed flux and time (total dose) affect the resulting number of SEs measured.
Pharmacokinetic, biodistribution and therapeutic efficacy of 5-fluorouracil-loaded pH-sensitive PEGylated liposomal nanoparticles in HCT-116 tumor bearing mouse. (2016)

The objective of the study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of 5-FU entrapped pH-sensitive liposomal nanoparticles with surface-modified anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibody (pHLNps-5-FU) delivery system. Cytotoxicity of 5-FU and pHLNps-5-FU was determined in vitro against HCT-116 cells. The biodistribution and pharmacokinetic parameters of the administered 5-FU and pHLNps-5-FU as well as efficacy of 5-FU and pHLNps-5-FU were determined in HCT-116 subcutaneous mouse model. Mean size of pHLNp-5-FU was 164.3 ± 8.4 nm with entrapment efficiency (E.E) of 54.17%. While cytotoxicity of 5-FU and pHLNps-5-FU showed a strong dose-dependent, pHLNps-5-FU proved to be more effective (2-3 fold high) than that of 5-FU against HCT-116 cells. Pharmacokinetic study showed a prolonged plasma circulation of pHLNps-5-FU and a more significant body exposure while accumulation of pHLNps-5-FU in tumor was significantly higher than that of free 5-FU. Further, the efficacy of pHLNps-5-FU, was greater than free 5-FU at equivalent 5-FU dose. The study suggests that pHLNps may be an effective drug delivery system to enhance the anticancer activity of 5-FU against colorectal tumor growth.
Nonlinear filtering with signal dependent observation noise (2009)

The paper studies the filtering problem for a non-classical frame- work: we assume that the observation equation is driven by a signal dependent noise. We show that the support of the conditional distri- bution of the signal is on the corresponding level set of the derivative of the quadratic variation process. Depending on the intrinsic dimension of the noise, we distinguish two cases: In the first case, the conditional distribution has discrete support and we deduce an explicit represen- tation for the conditional distribution. In the second case, the filtering problem is equivalent to a classical one defined on a manifold and we deduce the evolution equation of the conditional distribution. The re- sults are applied to the filtering problem where the observation noise is an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process.
Studies on Substrate Recognition by the Budding Yeast Separase (2004)

Sister chromatid cohesion is resolved at anaphase onset when separase, a site-specific protease, cleaves the Scc1 subunit of the chromosomal cohesin complex that is responsible for holding sister chromatids together. This mechanism to initiate anaphase is conserved in eukaryotes from budding yeast to man. Budding yeast separase recognizes and cleaves two conserved peptide motifs within Scc1. In addition, separase cleaves a similar motif in the kinetochore and spindle protein Slk19. Separase may cleave further substrate proteins to orchestrate multiple cellular events that take place during anaphase. To investigate substrate recognition by budding yeast separase we analyzed the sequence requirements at one of the Scc1 cleavage site motifs by systematic mutagenesis. We derived a cleavage site consensus motif (not(FKRWY))(ACFHILMPVWY)(DE)X(AGSV)R/X. This motif is found in 1,139 of 5,889 predicted yeast proteins. We analyzed 28 candidate proteins containing this motif as well as 35 proteins that contain a core (DE)XXR motif. We could so far not confirm new separase substrates, but we have uncovered other forms of mitotic regulation of some of the proteins. We studied whether determinants other than the cleavage site motif mediate separase-substrate interaction. When the separase active site was occupied with a peptide inhibitor covering the cleavage site motif, separase still efficiently interacted with its substrate Scc1. This suggests that separase recognizes both a cleavage site consensus sequence as well as features outside the cleavage site.
Very Recent Advances in Vinylogous Mukaiyama Aldol Reactions and Their Applications to Synthesis (2019)

It is a challenging objective in synthetic organic chemistry to create efficient access to biologically active compounds. In particular, one structural element which is frequently incorporated into the framework of complex natural products is a β-hydroxy ketone. In this context, the aldol reaction is the most important transformation to generate this structural element as it not only creates new C-C bonds but also establishes stereogenic centers. In recent years, a large variety of highly selective methodologies of aldol and aldol-type reactions have been put forward. In this regard, the vinylogous Mukaiyama aldol reaction (VMAR) became a pivotal transformation as it allows the synthesis of larger fragments while incorporating 1,5-relationships and generating two new stereocenters and one double bond simultaneously. This review summarizes and updates methodology-oriented and target-oriented research focused on the various aspects of the vinylogous Mukaiyama aldol (VMA) reaction. This manuscript comprehensively condenses the last four years of research, covering the period 2016-2019.
New Melanocortin 1 Receptor Binding Motif Based on the C‐Terminal Sequence of α‐Melanocyte‐Stimulating Hormone (2006)

The C-terminal tripeptide of the alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH11-13) possesses strong antiinflammatory activity without known cellular target. In order to better understand the structural requirements for function of such motif, we designed, synthesized and tested out Trp- and Tyr-containing analogues of the alpha-MSH11-13. Seven alpha-MSH11-13 analogues were synthesized and characterized for their binding to the melanocortin receptors recombinantly expressed in insect (Sf9) cells, infected with baculovirus carrying corresponding MC receptor DNA. We also tested these analogues on B16-F1 mouse melanoma cells endogenously expressing the MC1 receptor for binding and for ability to increase cAMP levels as well as on COS-7 cells transfected with the human MC receptors. The data indicate that HS401 (Ac-Tyr-Lys-Pro-Val-NH2) and HS402 (Ac-Lys-Pro-Val-Tyr-NH2) selectively bound to the MC1 receptor and stimulated cAMP generation in a concentration dependent way while the other Tyr- and Trp-containing alpha-MSH11-13 analogues neither bound to MC receptors nor stimulated cAMP. We have thus identified new MC receptor binding motif derived from the C-terminal sequence of alpha-MSH. The tetrapeptides have novel properties as the both act via MC-ergic pathways and also carry the anti-inflammatory alpha-MSH11-13 message sequence.
Archaeological Bolivian maize genomes suggest diversity is associated with Inca cultural expansion and environmental variation in South America (2023)

Abstract Previous archaeological and anthropological studies have demonstrated the myriad ways that cultural and political systems shape access to and preferences for food. However, few studies have carried out biocultural analysis linking specific genotypic/phenotypic traits as evidence of cultural selection in ancient contexts. Here, we address this issue by comparing genomes of maize samples from Bolivia dating to ~500 BP included as an offering with the mummified remains of a young girl to 13 archaeological maize samples spanning at least 5,000 years of evolution, and 87 modern western hemisphere maize samples. Our phylogenetic analysis showed that the archaeological Bolivian maize (aBM) has the closest genetic distance to archaeological maize from ancient Peru, which in turn was derived from central Mexican domesticated varieties. The comparative genomic analysis identified specific modifications in the aBM genome representing traits that were selected by ancient farmers, including shorter growing season, greater drought28 istant, and sweeter taste. The genome of the aBM appears to reflect gene flow from Chile coinciding with the arrival of the Inca empire in the altiplano region surrounding modern-day La Paz, as well as selection for specific traits related to growth in this marginal environment and taste preference. Our study provides insights into the complex biocultural role that Inca culture had in determining the direction of maize diversity in South America.
Human peripheral nerve‐derived scaffold for tissue‐engineered nerve grafts: Histology and biocompatibility analysis (2010)

Human acellular nerve grafts (ANGs) have been rarely used to construct tissue-engineered nerves compared to the animal-derived ANGs, and their potential clinical applications were relatively unknown. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the structure and components of a scaffold derived from human peripheral nerve and evaluate its biocompatibility. The human peripheral nerves were processed to prepare the scaffolds by chemical extraction. Light and electron microscopy were carried out to analyze scaffold structure and components. The analysis of cytotoxicity, hemolysis, and skin sensitization were performed to evaluate their biocompatibility. It was shown that Schwann cells and axons, identified by S-100 and neurofilament (NF) expression, were absent, and the scaffolds were cell-free and rich in collagen-I and laminin whose microarchitecture was similar to the fibrous framework of human peripheral nerves. It was revealed from biocompatibility tests that the scaffolds had very mild cytotoxicity and hemolysis, whereas skin sensitization was not observed. The constructed human peripheral nerve-derived scaffolds with well biocompatibility for clinical practice, which were cell-free and possess the microstructure and extracellular matrix (ECM) of a human nerve, might be an optimal scaffold for tissue-engineered nerve grafts in human.
Collecting program execution statistics with Qemu processor emulator (2009)

This paper addresses the problem of improving efficiency of software implemented fault injection experiments. It is especially focused on the problem of collecting program execution statistics. The classical SWIFI depends on operating system's debugging API. We introduce a new method which is based on Qemu—a versatile processor emulator. By altering Qemu's dynamic code translation procedure we are able to collect execution statistics significantly faster than in the classical solutions. The achieved performance gain is illustrated with experimental results.
Accuracy of a Commercial UWB 3D Location/Tracking System and its Impact on LT Application Scenarios (2006)

A newly available commercial ultra-wideband 3D location and tracking system has been characterized in terms of measurement accuracy and disturbance of the line-of-sight path between the located tag and the receiving sensors. While the standard deviation of a large number of position readings is 15 cm or better, bias on the order of meters often occurs that we address to reflections at metal walls. A human torso or hand blocking the line of sight prevents location. The results measured in our class room environment indicate that the majority of presumed applications for UWB location and tracking are not yet feasible with available LT technology.
Benzylation of Aromatic Compounds with Different Crystallites of MgO (2003)

Magnesium oxide nanocrystals are shown to be selective catalysts for the benzylation of aromatics with benzyl chloride, in the order xylene > toluene >> benzene. Normal polycrystalline MgO is not as effective as the nanomaterials. However, at the highest surface area, normally most reactive MgO samples (aerogel prepared AP-MgO) were poorer catalysts than a hexagonal platelet form (CP-MgO) of lower surface area. During the catalysis, the MgO is partially converted to MgCl(2), but crystal shape differences are not washed out. Rate data, differential thermal analysis, and consideration of crystal shapes and faces suggest that the CP-MgO form is most catalytically active because of optimal adsorption, molecular trafficking, and desorption energies. The AP-MgO apparently adsorbs the reactants too strongly, and thereby this hinders the catalytic process. These results serve as another example of where nanocrystalline shape plays an important role.
PURE Technology (2009)

The Escherichia coli-based reconstituted cell-free protein synthesis system, which we named the PURE (Protein synthesis Using Recombinant Elements) system, provides several advantages compared with the conventional cell-extract-based system. Stability of RNA or protein is highly improved because of the lack of harmful degradation enzymes. The system can be easily engineered according to purposes or the proteins to be synthesized, by manipulating the components in the system. In this chapter, we describe the construction and exploitation of the PURE system. Methods for preparing and assembling the components composing the PURE system for the protein synthesis reaction are shown.
A New Preclinical In-Vivo System for Studying and Testing Chemotherapy on Human Hematological Malignancies. (2006)

Abstract Transplantation of cells and tissues to the embryonic chick, especially to its chorioallantoic membrane (CAM), has been used for many years to study the vascularization and growth of solid mammalian tumors. However, it has not previously been used to study mammalian hematological malignancies. We have now examined the potential of the pre-immunocompetent chick embryo as a host for human leukemias. Two human myeloid leukemia lines, K562 and DAMI, and the T-cell ALL line Jurkatt were engineered to stably express eGFP. K562 erythroleukemia cells introduced either by injection into the yolk sac or by layering onto the CAM, showed inconsistent engraftment. By contrast, K562 and DAMI cells engrafted in 100% of embryos following intravascular (iv) or intra-amniotic injection. The engraftment of these human leukemia cell lines following iv injection was rapid, appearing as soon as 7 days after injection into the embryos. This novel methodology is quite rapid compared to the standard xenografting model of SCID mice, which requires 6–8 weeks for engraftment of human leukemia after intravenous injection. Engraftment was visualized in-vivo as whitish tumor nodules in the avian chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). eGFP expression enhanced the detection of the tumors in terms of both speed and sensitivity. Leukemia cells were consistently detected by PCR amplification of human-specific α-satellite DNA sequences in the hematopoietic organs: bone marrow (BM), liver and spleen, as well as in the brain. DAMI cells also consistently engrafted in the embryos’ hematopoietic organs, but at lower levels than K562. In contrast, Jurkatt cells did not show consistent engraftment. K562 cells were immunopositive for human CD45 and human mitochondrial and lysosomal antigens in histological sections of tumors in the CAM. K562 cells were also detected by immunostaining of peripheral blood smears from engrafted embryos. In one case, human cells were detected by PCR in the BM of the embryos one week after injection of a patient sample of fresh lymphoma cells. Engraftment levels of iv-injected K562 and DAMI were increased more than 100-fold (real-time qPCR) by using avian eggs with longer incubation periods than the chick to extend the graft period to 14 days. The potential use of this system for testing cytotoxic therapy was also investigated. Dramatic and consistent regression of tumors in the CAM was induced by a single dose of doxorubicin administered to K562-engrafted embryos. These results demonstrate for the first time that the chick embryo can be used for study of human hematological malignancies. This new platform has the advantages of significantly lower cost and the lack of requirement of sentient animals when compared to the other in-vivo models of transplantation to SCID mice and large mammalian embryos. In addition, grafting human blood malignancies into the chick embryo has the potential to provide a rapid assay for testing chemotherapies, which could significantly reduce drug development time and expense.
Overview of the regional collaborative medical information platform (2014)

The development of the medical information platform of Henan province is cited as an example,to probe into the organization model of the platform,and the operating and organization model of third-party medical information providers,based on a description of the connotation and development status of the platform,and in consideration of the basic features,technology architecture and key technology requirements of such a platform.

Key words: 
Regional collaborative medical care;  Information platform;  Henan province; Development
Las21 participates in extracellular/cell surface phenomena in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1999)

Las21 (Yj1062W) is a member of the major facilitator super family, possessing multimembrane spanning domains. The LAS21 gene was identified as a responsible gene for a Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutan which shows sensitivity to a local anestheticum, tetracaine. The null las21 mutant (las21 delta) is viable but shows temperature sensitive growth. We found, in addition to this phenotype, that the las21 delta strain shows a number of defects; mating deficiency, calcofluor resistance, and formation of Zymolyase sensitive spores. Temperature sensitive growth of the las21 delta mutant was found to be suppressed by 0.1 M MgSO4. Two multicopy suppressors were obtained. They are ECM33 (YBR078W) and PIR2/HSP150 (YJR159W) both have some roles in an extracellular function. The common features of the suppressors, genetic and physiological, of the las21 delta mutation suggest that Las21 participates in a global activity of extracellular phenomena. The las 21 phenotypes are consistent with the idea that Las21/Gpi7 acts in metabolism of glycosylphosphatidylinositol.
Effective IS Security: An Empirical Study (1990)

Information security has not been a high priority for most managers. Many permit their installations to be either lightly protected or wholly unprotected, apparently willing to risk major losses from computer abuse. This study, based on the criminological theory of general deterrence, investigates whether a management decision to invest in IS security results in more effective control of computer abuse. Data gathered through a survey of 1,211 randomly selected organizations indicates that security countermeasures that include deterrent administrative procedures and preventive security software will result in significantly lower computer abuse. Knowledge about these relationships is useful for making key decisions about the security function.