gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient Implementation of the MQTT Protocol for Embedded Systems (2017)

The need for embedded devices to be able to exchange information with each other and with data centers is essential for the advent of the Internet of Things (IoT). Several existing communication protocols are designed for small devices including the message-queue telemetry transport (MQTT) protocol or the constrained application protocol (CoAP). However, most of the existing implementations are convenient for computers or smart phones but do not consider the strict constraints and limitations with regard resource usage, portability and configuration. In this paper, we report on an industrial research and development project which focuses on the design, implementation, testing and deployment of a MQTT module. The goal of this project is to develop this module for platforms having minimal RAM, flash code memory and processing power. This software module should be fully compliant with the MQTT protocol specification, portable, and inter-operable with other software stacks. In this paper, we present our approach based on abstraction layers to the design of the MQTT module and we discuss the compliance of the implementation with the requirements set including the MISRA static analysis requirements.
Space-time constellations for unknown frequency-selective channels (2004)

We consider the design of space-time constellations for communication over frequency-selective fading channels where neither the transmitter nor the receiver has any channel state information. The design is based on the asymptotic union bound on error probability as design criterion and the optimization is carried out using a gradient search algorithm. Full multi-antenna multipath diversity gains are demonstrated to be achieved by the designed codes. Compared to other constellations proposed by Hochwald et al., power savings of up to 2 dB are shown to be possible.
[Value of photon-absorption densitometry for the assessment of bone density]. (1977)

Senile osteroporosis itself is asymptomatic unless pain is induced by the static insufficiency of the skeleton, in long lasting disease. Conventional procedures for early diagnosis and control of patients are invasive and therefore not suitable for routine purposes. The efficiency of sodium fluoride for the treatment of senile osteoporosis after a minimum of 12 months has been established by invasive methods. It is the purpose of this study, to examine the value of photoabsorption-densitometry with double-isotope-method (125-J, 241-Am) for the evaluation of a therapeutic effect in this disorder. 7 patients with clinical and radiological evidence of senile osteoporosis (6 female, 1 male patient with ages of 56 to 87 years) underwent regular follow-up examinations for one year while on a regimen of 25mg. sodium fluoride, as retard, twice daily. The bone mineral content registered 1 cm. proximal of the proc. styloideus ulnaris (representative for the trabecular bone) and 8 cm proximal from the proc. styloideus ulnaris of the right forearm (representative for cortical bone) was not statistically different from the measurements registered prior to the study. However, the bone mineral content registered in both regions increased significantly, after 12 months treatment (p less than 0.05). This indicates that the assessment of bone mineral content by photonabsorptiondensitometry is a valuable method for therapeutic control of this disorder. The method is recommended as a routine procedure for the early diagnosis and for follow up of sodium fluoride therapy geriatric patients.
All‐Amorphous Junction Field‐Effect Transistors Based on High‐Mobility Zinc Oxynitride (2021)

Abstract This report is on the electrical properties of all‐amorphous junction field‐effect transistors (JFETs) based on n ‐type zinc oxynitride (ZnON) as a channel material and room‐temperature deposited p ‐type ZnCo 2 O 4 (ZCO) as a heterojunction gate. Devices with different channel thicknesses are thereby compared. Best devices with 48 nm channel layer thickness achieve drain current on/off –ratios of 10 5 and low subthreshold swing of 134 mV dec −1 within a gate voltage sweep of less than 2 V. The channel mobility extraction is reliable for 90 nm‐thick channels yielding saturation mobility values over 50 cm 2 V −1 s −1 . For JFETs with 48 nm‐thick channels an overestimation of the saturation mobility due to deviations from the ideal transistor characteristics is determined.
Effects of Single Intratracheal Exposure to Chlorhexidine Gluconate on the Rat Lung (2006)

Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) is an antiseptic that has been widely used for disinfection of cutaneous wound and gingivae. Recently, a patient who inhaled CHX solution died from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Although it is highly possible that direct pulmonary damage might be the cause of ARDS, there is no preclinical information about the pulmonary toxicity of CHX. In the current study, the acute direct action of CHX to the lung was evaluated in rats. We successfully exposed the left but not the right lung either to CHX at concentrations of 1%, 0.1%, and 0.01% or to saline using a curved-tip administration tube. At the higher concentrations of CHX (0.1% and 1%), severe congestion to the alveoli and capillaries and perivascular and intra-alveolar hemorrhages were observed 1 day after exposure. Aniline blue-stained collagen fibers with an infiltration of inflammatory cells were present 7 days after exposure. The fibrotic changes and intra-alveolar inflammatory cells had decreased but were still observed sporadically 28 and 84 days after exposure. These detrimental effects were more severe at 1% than at 0.1% CHX. No remarkable effect was observed after exposures to 0.01% CHX and saline. We were able to evaluate the time-course changes in the pulmonary toxicity of CHX by exposures limited to the left lung. It is highly possible that CHX at a concentration of more than 0.1% might directly induce ARDS when aspirated and reaching to the alveoli.
Synthesis of [phenyl‐2‐3H]‐travoprost: isopropyl ester prodrug of a selective prostaglandin FP receptor agonist (2001)

Abstract A method for the preparation of tritium labeled travoprost, a new ocular hypotensive prostaglandin, is described. A highly selective catalytic deiodination has been identified which provides [phenyl‐2‐ 3 H]‐travoprost in a single synthetic step from 2′‐iodo‐travoprost. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Testing of local gamma-ray scatter fractions determined by spectral fitting (1991)

The spectral-fitting method of correction for gamma-ray Compton scattering within objects separates the unscattered and scattered components of locally measured energy spectra. Here, we employ a third-order polynomial for the scattering and an approximately constant fitting window. A scatter fraction, defined as total scattered over total unscattered counts within a 20% window, is calculated for each point in our Anger camera images. These scatter fractions are tested against those from Monte-Carlo simulation for 99mTc and against results from semiconductor detector measurements for 131I. A radioactive sphere at several locations within a non-radioactive cylinder and the inverse are imaged for the testing. For one case, reproducibility of the spectral-fitting scatter fraction as a function of the number of unscattered counts within the 20% acceptance window was also determined. With 99mTc, for all cases, the agreement between spectral fitting and the standard estimation method is within 16%. With 131I, for the 'hot' sphere at two locations, the agreement is within 21%. For the 'hot' sphere at the third location (off the cylinder axis towards the camera), the dependence of scatter fraction on transverse distance is good although the absolute values are too large. Scatter fraction reproducibility is within 10% for 1000 or more counts. Therefore, further testing of spectral fitting and initial application to realistic clinical images seem to be in order.
Cooperative Collision Warning Based Highway Vehicle Accident Reconstruction (2008)

Highway safety is always an important issue for automobile industry, so many researches have been conducted to prevent from or reduce the accidents. Cooperative Collision Warning (CCW), which provides an active safety mechanism for vehicles on highways, is implemented by exchanging static and dynamic vehicle parameters with neighboring vehicles through inter-vehicle wireless communications. Received information is not only used for calculating the relative safety distance between neighboring vehicles, but also stored in a Motor Vehicle Event Data Recorder (MVEDR) for future accident investigation. A CCW-based MVEDR can easily rebuild the trajectory and interaction between the host and neighboring vehicles after an accident. This device saves time, labor and cost required for accident analysis and reconstruction.
Apolipoprotein polymorphisms (1990)

Lipid Metabolism Laboratory, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Multi-functional smart aggregate-based structural health monitoring of circular reinforced concrete columns subjected to seismic excitations (2010)

In this paper, a recently developed multi-functional piezoceramic-based device, named the smart aggregate, is used for the health monitoring of concrete columns subjected to shake table excitations. Two circular reinforced concrete columns instrumented with smart aggregates were fabricated and tested with a recorded seismic excitation at the structural laboratory at the University of Nevada—Reno. In the tests, the smart aggregates were used to perform multiple monitoring functions that included dynamic seismic response detection, structural health monitoring and white noise response detection. In the proposed health monitoring approach, a damage index was developed on the basis of the comparison of the transfer function with the baseline function obtained in the healthy state. A sensor-history damage index matrix is developed to monitor the damage evolution process. Experimental results showed that the acceleration level can be evaluated from the amplitude of the dynamic seismic response; the damage statuses at different locations were evaluated using a damage index matrix; the first modal frequency obtained from the white noise response decreased with increase of the damage severity. The proposed multi-functional smart aggregates have great potential for use in the structural health monitoring of large-scale concrete structures.
Characterization of photopolymerization of dentin adhesives as a function of light source and irradiance (2006)

Manufacturers have attempted to address the limitations associated with dentin bonding by eliminating as many steps as possible in the bonding protocol. Theoretically, this approach increases the efficiency of the procedure and reduces technique sensitivity. These trends are reflected in the introduction of all-in one, single-step adhesive systems; the increased concentration of acidic resin monomers in these systems allows for simultaneous etching and priming of the prepared dentin surface. Ideally, the degree of monomer conversion would be high enough that the acidic reaction would be self-limiting. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of light irradiance and source on the photopolymerization of three commercial dental adhesives by monitoring the double bond conversion as a function of time during and after irradiation. The photopolymerization curing efficiency of the commercial adhesives investigated in this study varied as a function of light source and distance. The use of LED performed better than the halogen light in terms of polymerization rate and degree of conversion for the commercial single-step, sixth generation adhesive, Adper Prompt. In contrast, polymerization of commercial single-bottle, fifth generation adhesive, Single Bond and One-Up Bond F, was mainly a function of exposure time, irrespective of the two light units or intensities.
Robot motion planning: the case of nonholonomic mobiles in a dynamic world (2002)

The authors present a trajectory planner whose purpose is to determine a smooth trajectory C which is maneuver free and collision free with respect to the static obstacles of the world. C is made up of straight segments and of circular arcs connected so that C is of class C/sup 1/ and the circular transitions are determined by building and searching a particular domain called the 'space of curvature centers'. They describe a motion controller which is concerned with the online execution of a motion plan made up of the trajectory C and of time constraints of the type 'reach location l at time t'. The motion controller operates on a discretized model of the local environment of the vehicle. This model is used to adapt the behaviour of the vehicle to the characteristics of its actual environment (to avoid the other vehicles in particular). This is achieved using a potential fields approach allowing the vehicle to follow as closely as possible the given nominal trajectory and to satisfy as much as possible the associated time constraints.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Metabolic reprogramming by HIF-1 promotes the survival of bone marrow–derived angiogenic cells in ischemic tissue (2011)

A major obstacle to using bone marrow cell-based therapies for ischemic cardiovascular disease is that transplanted cells must survive in an ischemic microenvironment characterized by low oxygen, glucose, and pH. We demonstrate that treatment of bone marrow-derived angiogenic cells (BMDACs) with dimethyloxalylglycine, an α-ketoglutarate antagonist that induces hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) activity, results in metabolic reprogramming of these cells, with increased glucose uptake, decreased O(2) consumption, increased lactate production, decreased reactive oxygen species, and increased intracellular pH. These effects are dependent on HIF-1, which transactivates target genes encoding metabolic enzymes and membrane transporters. Dimethyloxalylglycine-treated BMDACs have a significant survival advantage under conditions of low O(2) and low pH ex vivo and in ischemic tissue. Combined HIF-1α-based gene and cell therapy reduced tissue necrosis even when BMDAC donors and ischemic recipient mice were 17 months old, suggesting that this approach may have therapeutic utility in elderly patients with critical limb ischemia.
A multicolored set of in vivo organelle markers for co‐localization studies in Arabidopsis and other plants (2007)

Genome sequencing has resulted in the identification of a large number of uncharacterized genes with unknown functions. It is widely recognized that determination of the intracellular localization of the encoded proteins may aid in identifying their functions. To facilitate these localization experiments, we have generated a series of fluorescent organelle markers based on well-established targeting sequences that can be used for co-localization studies. In particular, this organelle marker set contains indicators for the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, the tonoplast, peroxisomes, mitochondria, plastids and the plasma membrane. All markers were generated with four different fluorescent proteins (FP) (green, cyan, yellow or red FPs) in two different binary plasmids for kanamycin or glufosinate selection, respectively, to allow for flexible combinations. The labeled organelles displayed characteristic morphologies consistent with previous descriptions that could be used for their positive identification. Determination of the intracellular distribution of three previously uncharacterized proteins demonstrated the usefulness of the markers in testing predicted subcellular localizations. This organelle marker set should be a valuable resource for the plant community for such co-localization studies. In addition, the Arabidopsis organelle marker lines can also be employed in plant cell biology teaching labs to demonstrate the distribution and dynamics of these organelles.
1D and 2D scanning mirrors using thermal buckle-beam actuation (2001)

Micromirrors with linear deflection behaviors have been found useful for systems requiring 1D and 2D optical scanning patterns and are solutions for low-cost vector or video raster image generators. The advantages of thermal buckle-beam and bimorph actuators are high resulting force, low MEMS area and low voltage requirements. The devices presented in this paper can achieve modest deflection angles at relatively high frequencies. The mirror actuators consists of a doubly clamped array of polysilicon beams that are Joule heated and allowed to buckle out-of-plane. Instead of utilizing the usual linear displacement, a torque is derived from a coupling beam attached across the buckling beams at the point of the maximum derivative of buckle. As the beams buckle, the torque causes the mirror to be rotated away from the substrate. Non-resonant, near-linear mirror deflection response has been achieved with a maximum deflection of six mechanical degrees at a frequency of a few KHz. Employing a high Q resonant structure, a frequency of 16 KHz has been attained with a 1D mirror scanner at a maximum mechanical deflection of around 20 degrees. 1D and 2D scanning mirror devices have been built and will be reviewed in this paper.
Studies of lithium argyrodite solid electrolytes for all‐solid‐state batteries (2011)

Abstract Rechargeable all‐solid‐state lithium Li‐ion batteries (AS‐LIBs) are attractive power sources for electrochemical applications; due to their potentiality in improving safety and stability over conventional batteries with liquid electrolytes. AS‐LIBs require a Li‐fast ion conductor (FIC) as the solid electrolyte. Finding a solid electrolyte with high ionic conductivity and compatibility with other battery components is a key factor in building high performance AS‐LIBs. There have been numerous studies, e.g., on lithium rich sulfide glasses as solid electrolytes. However, the limited current density remains a major obstacle in developing competitive batteries based on the known solid electrolytes. Here we prepare argyrodite‐type Li 6 PS 5 X (X = Cl, Br, I) using mechanical milling followed by annealing. XRD characterization reveals the formation and growth of Li 6 PS 5 X crystals in samples under varying annealing conditions. For Li 6 PS 5 Cl an ionic conductivity of the order of 10 −4 S/cm is reached at room temperature, which is close to the Li mobility in conventional liquid electrolytes (LiPF 6 in various carbonates) and well suitable for AS‐LIBs.
Welfare Effects of Market Making in Continuous Double Auctions (2015)

We investigate the effects of market making on market performance, focusing on allocative efficiency as well as gains from trade accrued by background traders. We employ empirical simulation-based methods to evaluate heuristic strategies for market makers as well as background investors in a variety of complex trading environments. Our market model incorporates private and common valuation elements, with dynamic fundamental value and asymmetric information. In this context, we compare the surplus achieved by background traders in strategic equilibrium, with and without a market maker. Our findings indicate that the presence of the market maker strongly tends to increase not only total surplus across a variety of environments, but also background-trader surplus in thin markets with impatient investors, with urgency captured by a limited trading horizon. Comparison across environments reveals factors that influence the existence and magnitude of benefits provided by the market maker function.
Movie review of: Departures (2010)

In this essay, I review the movie Good. Good tells the story of the moral corruption of its protagonist, a writer, who is seduced by blandishments and material rewards given to him by the Nazi regime. It is a nice illustration of corruption—the degradation of character wrought by the desire for wealth and fame—what Aristotle would call “pleonexia.”
Recruitment of Activation Receptors at Inhibitory NK Cell Immune Synapses (2008)

Natural killer (NK) cell activation receptors accumulate by an actin-dependent process at cytotoxic immune synapses where they provide synergistic signals that trigger NK cell effector functions. In contrast, NK cell inhibitory receptors, including members of the MHC class I-specific killer cell Ig-like receptor (KIR) family, accumulate at inhibitory immune synapses, block actin dynamics, and prevent actin-dependent phosphorylation of activation receptors. Therefore, one would predict inhibition of actin-dependent accumulation of activation receptors when inhibitory receptors are engaged. By confocal imaging of primary human NK cells in contact with target cells expressing physiological ligands of NK cell receptors, we show here that this prediction is incorrect. Target cells included a human cell line and transfected Drosophila insect cells that expressed ligands of NK cell activation receptors in combination with an MHC class I ligand of inhibitory KIR. The two NK cell activation receptors CD2 and 2B4 accumulated and co-localized with KIR at inhibitory immune synapses. In fact, KIR promoted CD2 and 2B4 clustering, as CD2 and 2B4 accumulated more efficiently at inhibitory synapses. In contrast, accumulation of KIR and of activation receptors at inhibitory synapses correlated with reduced density of the integrin LFA-1. These results imply that inhibitory KIR does not prevent CD2 and 2B4 signaling by blocking their accumulation at NK cell immune synapses, but by blocking their ability to signal within inhibitory synapses.
Practice effects with the NIMH AIDS abbreviated neuropsychological battery (1995)

The degree of practice effects with the Brief NIMH Neuropsychological Battery for HIV Infection and AIDS is reported using a 7–10 day test-retest interval. The patient groups were asymptomatic and symptomatic of HIV while the control group was made up of “at risk” volunteers. Statistically significant practice effects were obtained on the California Verbal Learning Test, the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task and the Visual Search Test among the infected individuals. The controls subjects demonstrated statistically significant practice effects on all of the neuropsychological tasts. The implications of these findings in prospective studies are discussed.
A 4&#x00D7;40 Gb/s quad-lane CDR with shared frequency tracking and data dependent jitter filtering (2014)

A 4×40 Gb/s collaborative digital CDR is implemented in 28nm CMOS. The CDR is capable of recovering a low jitter clock from a partially-equalized or un-equalized eye by using a phase detection scheme that inherently filters out ISI edges. The CDR uses split feedback that simultaneously allows wider bandwidth and lower recovered clock jitter. A shared frequency tracking is also introduced that results in lower periodic jitter. Combining these techniques the CDR recovers a 10GHz clock from an eye containing 0.8UIpp DDJ and still achieves 1-10 MHz of tracking bandwidth while adding <; 300fs of jitter. Per lane CDR occupies only .06 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and consumes 175 mW.
Hyperbranched polymers 10 years after (1998)

It has been about 10 years since the first intentional preparation of hyperbranched polymer was disclosed. Hyperbranched polymers, as well as dendrimers, may find utilities in the areas where the structural uniqueness of these polymers gives merit. There has been much progress in the structural understanding and the methods of synthesis of these polymers. However, functional understanding and utility of these polymers are still in infancy. Better understanding on physical properties of these polymers, such as solubility and miscibility of these polymers in solvents or with polymers, and functional group dependency to the thermal relaxation process are needed for further development of the subject. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J. Polym. Sci. A: Polym. Chem. 36: 1685–1698, 1998