gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Medium Chain Fatty Acids Are Selective Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor (PPAR) γ Activators and Pan-PPAR Partial Agonists (2012)

Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) act through peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) γ to increase insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes (T2DM), but deleterious effects of these ligands mean that selective modulators with improved clinical profiles are needed. We obtained a crystal structure of PPARγ ligand binding domain (LBD) and found that the ligand binding pocket (LBP) is occupied by bacterial medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs). We verified that MCFAs (C8-C10) bind the PPARγ LBD in vitro and showed that they are low-potency partial agonists that display assay-specific actions relative to TZDs; they act as very weak partial agonists in transfections with PPARγ LBD, stronger partial agonists with full length PPARγ and exhibit full blockade of PPARγ phosphorylation by cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (cdk5), linked to reversal of adipose tissue insulin resistance. MCFAs that bind PPARγ also antagonize TZD-dependent adipogenesis in vitro. X-ray structure B-factor analysis and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations suggest that MCFAs weakly stabilize C-terminal activation helix (H) 12 relative to TZDs and this effect is highly dependent on chain length. By contrast, MCFAs preferentially stabilize the H2-H3/β-sheet region and the helix (H) 11-H12 loop relative to TZDs and we propose that MCFA assay-specific actions are linked to their unique binding mode and suggest that it may be possible to identify selective PPARγ modulators with useful clinical profiles among natural products.
Superconductivity and resputtering effects in rf sputtered YBa2Cu3O7−x thin films (1987)

Superconducting stoichiometric YBa2Cu3O7−x films have been grown by rf sputtering of a single bulk material target in an Ar+10% O2 sputtering atmosphere on a variety of substrates. Films on SrTiO3 substrates exhibited the best post-annealing superconducting properties with the critical onset temperature of 90 K and zero resistance at 67 K. The maximum current density for these samples was 1×105 A/cm2 at 4.2 K. An extensive loss of film underneath the target was observed during the growth of these films which can be attributed to resputtering due to oxygen anion or energetic neutral particle bombardment of the substrate.
Non-Foster circuit embedded within electrically small antenna (2014)

Electrically small antennas (ESAs) have high quality factor and low radiation resistance. This implies that ESAs are narrow band and have poor realized gain. In this paper, we present an efficient way to improve the performance of an electrically small antenna by embedding a non-Foster circuit (NFC) inside the antenna structure instead of using matching network at the antenna feed. The antenna with embedded Non-Foster circuit shows remarkable improvement in antenna gain compared to the antenna without the NFC.
HPLC-FID with Superheated Water as the Eluent: Improved Methods and Instrumentation (1998)

In the current study, an HPLC-FID system using superheated water as the eluent is constructed and further improved. Signal stability during temperature programmed operation was improved by using separate thermostatting of the 50 μm capillary restrictor. Operating the restrictor at 75°C prevented the superheated water from sputtering in the restrictor. Conventional octadecyl-modified silica, thermostable polymeric reversed phase and carbon type HPLC columns were used. The feasibility of the system is demonstrated by the analysis of a variety of compounds such as alcohols and aldehydes. It is shown that increased temperatures decrease elution times and, in addition to this, frequently improve peak shapes and column efficiencies. The separation of lower aldehydes is performed at 175°C with a detection limit in the low μg/ml range. The possibility of temperature programming is demonstrated for the separation of a range of alcohols. Furthermore, it is shown that temperature programming can be used for sample enrichment. Large volume injection with low temperature enrichment resulted in good peak shapes and a significant improvement of the detection limit. In this way, detection limits of 0.2 μg/ml (ppm) could be obtained for the aldehydes studied. Finally, the possibilities of using mobile phase additives as, e.g., buffers were briefly examined.
Effect of Illite Clay and Divalent Cations on Bitumen Recovery (2008)

The adverse effect of illite clay on bitumen recovery was found to be related to its acidity. The addition of calcium or magnesium ions to the flotation deionized water had a marginal effect on bitumen recovery when measured using a Denver flotation cell. However, the co-addition of illite clay and divalent cations caused a significant reduction in bitumen recovery. The effect was found to be compounded at a lower process temperature and low pH values. Zeta potential distributions of illite suspensions and bitumen emulsions were measured individually and as a mixture to investigate the effect of divalent cations on the interaction between bitumen and illite clay. The presence of 1 mM calcium or magnesium ions in deionized water had a significant effect on the interactions between bitumen and illite clay. Slime coating of illite onto bitumen was not observed in zeta potential distribution measurements performed in alkaline tailings water. On a trouvé que l'effet adverse de l'argile d'illite sur la récupération de bitume était relié à son acidité. L'ajout d'ions de calcium ou de magnésium à l'eau déionisée de flottation a un effet marginal sur la récupération de bitume lorsqu'on la mesure avec une cellule de flottation de Denver. Toutefois, l'ajout combiné d'argile d'illite et de cations divalents entraîne une réduction significative de la récupération de bitume. On a trouvé que les effets étaient combinés à une faible température de procédé et de faibles valeurs de pH. Les distributions de potentiel zéta des suspensions d'illite et des émulsions de bitume ont été mesurées individuellement et dans le mélange afin d'étudier les effets des cations divalents sur l'interaction entre le bitume et l'argile d'illite. La présence de 1 mM d'ions de calcium ou de magnésium dans l'eau déionisée a un effet significatif sur les interactions entre le bitume et l'argile d'illite. On n'a pas observé de couche de boues d'illite sur le bitume dans les mesures de distributions de potentiel zéta obtenues dans de l'eau de rejets alcaline.
A novel method for camera external parameters online calibration using dotted road line (2014)

AbstractOn board camera is the most important information source for driver assistant application which is based on computer vision. One problem for on board camera is that the external parameters are easy to be changed when moving on the road. Traditional method either calibrates external parameters offline or calibrates external parameters semi-online, which both need human intervention. By observation, it is found that corner connection of dotted road lane can form two groups of parallel lines. Using this geometric characteristics and through theoretical derivation, a novel online camera external parameter calibration method is proposed which focus on the situation when vehicle is moving. The pro of this method is that it maintains relatively high calculation accuracy and more important, it does not require any human intervention in whole calibration process. Experimental and comparison results show that this method is simple and have accurate results which fully meet the requirements of practical application.Keywords: online calibrationcamera external parameterdotted road lineadvanced driver assistant AcknowledgementsThis research was funded partly by the National Key Technology R&D Program of China during the 11th Five-Year Plan Period (2009BAG13A04), Jiangsu Province Colleges and Universities Natural Science Foundation (13KJD520003) and partly by Jiangsu University Scientific Research Foundation for Senior Professionals (12JDG10).
Vascularized periosteal bone graft from the supracondylar region of the femur (1994)

Free, vascularized thin corticoperiosteal grafts and small periosteal bone grafts harvested from the supracondylar region of the femur are described. These grafts are nourished from the articular branch of the descending genicular artery and vein. Thin corticoperiosteal grafts consist of periosteum with a thin layer of outer cortical bone and include the cambium layer, which has a better osteogenic capacity. This graft is elastic and readily conforms to the recipient bed configuration. Thin corticoperiosteal grafts were used to treat 11 patients with fracture non-union of an upper extremity that had no massive bone defects. Early, rapid union occurred in all patients except three: one in which the anastomosed vessel became obstructed and two in which the internal fixation of the fracture was unsecured. The small bone grafts consist of periosteum, full thickness cortex, and the underlying cancellous bone. This graft can be successfully harvested without disturbing the vascularity, unlike the currently used vascularized bone grafts. This graft was used to treat three patients with avascular necrosis of the body of the talus and could prevent the necrotic talus body from progressive collapse in patients in early stages of the disease. One patient with an infectious bone defect of the first metatarsal bone was successfully treated by vascularized bone graft with an accompanying skin flap.
Analysis of Amyloid Precursor Protein mRNAs in Skin Fibroblasts in Down's Syndrome (1996)

We examined amyloid precursor protein (APP) mRNAs expression in skin fibroblasts from Down's syndrome (DS) patients of different ages to determine the time of occurrence of abnormal splicing. The ratio of APP770 + 751 mRNA to APP695 mRNA (APP770 + 751/695) was significantly increased in the young DS group and adult DS group compared with the age-matched control groups (p < 0.01, p < 0.05), but no significant increase was observed in the aged DS group compared with the age-matched control group. These findings suggest that metabolic abnormalities of the APP gene occur at a very early stage of DS, at a mean age of about 5 years. Therefore, metabolic abnormalities of the APP gene are considered to appear at a very young age also Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we confirmed that examination of the APP gene in skin fibroblasts might be useful for early diagnosis of AD.
Autofocus technique for three-dimensional imaging, direct-detection laser radar using Geiger-mode avalanche photodiode focal-plane array (2010)

An autofocus technique is proposed for a three-dimensional imaging, direct-detection laser radar system that uses a Geiger-mode avalanche photodiode focal plane array (GmAPD-FPA). This technique is implemented by pointing laser pulses on a target of interest and observing its scattered photon distribution on a GmAPD-FPA. Measuring the standard deviation of the photon distribution on a GmAPD-FPA enables the best focus condition to be found. The feasibility of this technique is demonstrated experimentally by employing a 1 × 8 pixel GmAPD-FPA. It is shown that the spatial resolution improves when the GmAPD-FPA is located in the best focus position found by the autofocus technique.
Distributed Sensing in a Long-length FBG Based on Synthesis of Optical Coherence Function with 1-kHz Sampling Rate (2009)

Measurement of Bragg wavelength distribution inside a long-length fiber Bragg grating is demonstrated with a higher sampling speed based on synthesis of optical coherence function to realize a real time sensing. The local reflection spectrum is acquired with 1-kHz sampling rate and the total distribution is measured with 1-Hz measurement speed.
cMonkey2: Automated, systematic, integrated detection of co-regulated gene modules for any organism (2015)

The cMonkey integrated biclustering algorithm identifies conditionally co-regulated modules of genes (biclusters). cMonkey integrates various orthogonal pieces of information which support evidence of gene co-regulation, and optimizes biclusters to be supported simultaneously by one or more of these prior constraints. The algorithm served as the cornerstone for constructing the first global, predictive Environmental Gene Regulatory Influence Network (EGRIN) model for a free-living cell, and has now been applied to many more organisms. However, due to its computational inefficiencies, long run-time and complexity of various input data types, cMonkey was not readily usable by the wider community. To address these primary concerns, we have significantly updated the cMonkey algorithm and refactored its implementation, improving its usability and extendibility. These improvements provide a fully functioning and user-friendly platform for building co-regulated gene modules and the tools necessary for their exploration and interpretation. We show, via three separate analyses of data for E. coli, M. tuberculosis and H. sapiens, that the updated algorithm and inclusion of novel scoring functions for new data types (e.g. ChIP-seq and transcription factor over-expression [TFOE]) improve discovery of biologically informative co-regulated modules. The complete cMonkey2 software package, including source code, is available at https://github.com/baliga-lab/cmonkey2.
Vilém Flusser: una filosofia della società telematica tra antropologia dell’infondatezza e utopia del dialogo (2004)

Il saggio ricostruisce il profilo filosofico-biografico di Vilém Flusser e della sua opera, tra filosofia del linguaggio, traduttologia, teoria dei media, filosofia della cultura e filosofia esistenziale, tra Praga, il Brasile e la nascente cultura digitale del secondo Novecento.
Production Considerations For the High Speed Forging of Spur Gear Forms (1974)

SummaryThe contents of this paper contain some of the results from a wide investigation into the commercial production of spur gear forms on high speed hammers. The design of tooling for this process is discussed and the performances of die sets made to empirically derived principles are determined. Several component shapes which have been successfully formed are illustrated and an examination of their quality is made.
Effect of grain size on the competition between twinning and detwinning in nanocrystalline metals (2011)

Both twinning and detwinning have been reported to occur during the deformation of nanocrystalline (nc) face-centered-cubic metals. This raises the issue of how these two processes compete with each other. Here, we report that the twinning process dominates in a certain range of grain sizes, whereas, the detwinning process dominates outside of this range to annihilate all twins. These experimental observations establish a full spectrum of grain-size effects on deformation twinning and detwinning and are explained by the deformation physics. They also provide a fundamental basis for understanding and designing the mechanical behavior of nc metals and alloys.
Kaempferol modulates TCDD- and t-BHQ-induced drug-metabolizing enzymes and luteolin enhances this effect (2020)

The expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes is deeply involved in chemical-induced cancer progression and prevention. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) induces phase I, and certain phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes after the binding of ligands, such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). We have previously demonstrated that luteolin inhibited TCDD-induced AhR transformation, and modulated the expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes through not only the AhR, but also the nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). We have examined the effect of kaempferol on the expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes through modulation of the AhR- and Nrf2-pathways, and the effect of co-treatment with kaempferol and luteolin. Kaempferol dose-dependently inhibited not only the TCDD-induced expression of phase I and phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes, but also the tertiary butylhydroquinone (t-BHQ)-induced expression of phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes, by modulating the AhR- and Nrf2-pathways. Co-treatment with kaempferol and luteolin enhanced the inhibitory effect on the expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes, compared with either kaempferol or luteolin alone. Moreover, co-treatment with kaempferol and luteolin increased the cellular levels of kaempferol without affecting the levels of luteolin. An in vivo study was also performed and the results demonstrated that co-treatment with kaempferol and luteolin enhanced the inhibition of benzo[a]pyrene-induced drug-metabolizing enzymes compared with either kaempferol or luteolin alone, in the liver of ICR mice. These results suggest that luteolin promoted the incorporation of kaempferol into hepatocytes and enhanced the inhibitory effect of kaempferol on chemical-induced drug-metabolizing enzymes. Thus, luteolin enhances the kaempferol-inhibited expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes.
Dependence of the aggregation and conformation states of uridine 5'-phosphate synthase on pyrimidine nucleotides. Evidence for a regulatory site (1980)

Uridine 5'-phosphate (UMP) synthase is multifunctional protein that contains the last two enzyme activities of the de novo pathway for UMP biosynthesis, orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.10) and orotidine-5'-phosphate (OMP) decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.23). We have previously reported that UMP synthase from mouse Ehrlich ascites cells can exist in at least three distinct aggregation and/or conformation states, as measured by changes in sedimentation through sucrose gradients [Traut, T. W., & Jones, M. E. (1979) J. Biol. Chem, 254, 1143-1150]. The major sedimenting species were a 3.6S monomer, a 5.1S dimer, and a 5.6S species. The formation of the 5.1S dimer from the 3.6S monomer occurs in the presence of ligands that are competitive inhibitors at the OMP decarboxylase catalytic site. This paper presents evidence for a regulatory site, distinct from either of the two catalytic sites, which appears to mediate the conversion of the 5.1S dimer to the 5.6S form upon binding certain pyrimidine nucleotides (OMP, UMP, and 6-azaUMP). Since UMP synthase sediments predominantly as a dimer in the presence of substrates, regulation of the aggregation/conformation state of this multifunctional protein may be physiologically significant.
EFFECT OF SELECTIVE T CELL DEPLETIONS IN MIXED XENOGENEIC RECONSTITUTION ON SPECIFIC HYPOREACTIVITY TO TRANSPLANTATION ACROSS A SPECIES BARRIER (1986)

We have recently reported the induction of long-term specific hyporeactivity to transplantation across a species barrier (rat----mouse) through reconstitution of irradiated recipients with a mixture of T-cell-depleted host-type C57BL/10Sn (B10) bone marrow plus T-cell-depleted F344 rat bone marrow (B10+F344----B10) (1). We report here the influence of selective T cell depletions of host-type and/or donor-type bone marrow on induction of such hyporeactivity. Mice that received mixed bone marrow inocula in which the syngeneic marrow had been T-cell-depleted, whether or not the xenogeneic donor marrow had been treated, showed specific prolongation of F344 donor-type skin grafts. In contrast, F344 rat skin grafts were promptly rejected by animals that had received mixed bone marrow inocula in which the syngeneic component had not been T-cell-depleted. Serologic reactivity against F344 lymphocyte cell surface antigens also differed among the four groups; animals that had received untreated syngeneic bone marrow demonstrated high levels of reactivity to F344 target cells, while animals reconstituted with mixed inocula in which the syngeneic component had been T-cell-depleted exhibited low levels, if any, of serologic reactivity against F344 splenocytes. This model for mixed xenogeneic reconstitution may be helpful to define the conditions required for induction of transplantation tolerance across a species barrier.
High field properties of SnMo&lt;inf&gt;6&lt;/inf&gt;S&lt;inf&gt;8&lt;/inf&gt;and PbMo&lt;inf&gt;6&lt;/inf&gt;S&lt;inf&gt;8&lt;/inf&gt;ribbons prepared using a vapor transport technique (1987)

Superconducting ribbons of SnMo <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</inf> S <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</inf> and PbMo <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</inf> S <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</inf> have been produced using a one step vapor transport technique. In this process Sn or Pb vapor and H <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> S gas react at the surface of a Mo substrate at elevated temperatures to form a uniform coating of Chevrel phase. SEM micrographs show the film on the ribbons to be composed of small ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\lsim 0.5 \mu</tex> m) single-crystal rhombohedra of Chevrel phase. Critical currents for the SnMo <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</inf> S <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</inf> ribbons are similar to that achieved in PbMo <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</inf> S <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</inf> by other techniques ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\sim 1 \times 10^{4}</tex> A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> at 19 T and 4.2 K). The performance of our PbMo <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</inf> S <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</inf> is severely degraded. An explanation for this is based on larger intrinsic strain effects in the PbMo <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</inf> S <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</inf> .
HIGH RESOLUTION NEUTRON SPECTROSCOPY OF THE CROSSOVER IN THE VIBRATIONAL DENSITY OF STATES OF SILICA AEROGELS (1989)

Neutron backscattering has been applied for the determination of the crossover frequencies ωco and spectral exponent x of three base-catalyzed silica aerogels. The crossover frequencies and spectral exponent have been deduced from a vibrational density of states analysis of inelastically scattered neutrons. We have directly observed and thereby defined the crossover frequencies as the limiting values up to which a Debye law g(ω) ∝ ω2 holds. For frequencies ω < ωco we have found a different power law with an exponent x = 1 ± 0.5 for all specimens investigated. The crossover frequencies, on the other hand, have been found to depend on mass density ρ as expected. The values are ωco/2π = 0.8 ; 1.7 and 2.2 GHz for densities ρ = 0.12 ; 0.18 and 0.25 gcm-3, respectively. Moreover, the effective sound velocities of the samples have been calculated from the ratio of total elastic to total inelastic one-quantum scattering and found to be (with increasing density, resp.) ve = 92 ; 154 and 210 ms-1 in reasonable agreement with ultrasonic data.