gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fiber-Based Papermaking Additives AKD Modified Micronized Cellulose (2007)

A new generation of fiber-based papermaking chemicals were presented for the first time at the PTS Pulp Technology Symposium 2005, and then several articles were published in various magazine in Asia (Paper Asia), the US (Pulp & Paper), and Europe (Wochenblatt fuer Papierfabrikation). The information generated quite an interest in the paper industry. Extensive studies of these papermaking additives have been made recently, new information obtained, and the compounds have gained more recognition in the industry. The company J. Rettenmaier und Soehne developed of a group of fiber-based papermaking additives. They includ combination of fibers with sizing agents, starch, fluorochemicals, minerals, biocides and some others. This article presents in-depth study of the AKD modified micronized cellulose as an example of the fiber-based papermaking chemicals cocept. The material of the present paper is based mostly on the results of the pilot paper machine study at the Paper Research Institute PTS (Heidenau, Germany), and includes case studies from the mills, which used ARBOCELPLU ® - AKD compounds. It should be noted that ARBOCELPLUS ® compounds were not designed to replace traditional additives paper industry. They should rather be used in those areas, where application of normal chemicals is especially problematic.
Concurrent Detection and Identification of Multiple Objects using YOLO Algorithm (2021)

The main purpose of this research paper is to study and report how the object detection and identification of multiple objects in an image or a video frameworks in real life. As part of this research, we have clearly presented about image classification, image localization, and image detection. The entire work is carried out with the aid of YOLOv3 (You Only Look Once, Version 3) is an object detection algorithm which helps to detect real-time objects. YOLOv3 gives accurate results. It helps in declaring the localizers, classifiers, and detection. It uses a single neural network to the full image to detect the objects using bounding boxes thereby resulting in accurate outputs. The experiments and results show that YOLOv3 is extremely accurate. This rapidness in detecting objects is helpful in situations where humans can't detect with their naked eye cannot track multiple items simultaneously in an image or video frame.
Bulk Enthalpy of Melting of Poly (l‐lactic acid) (PLLA) Determined by Fast Scanning Chip Calorimetry (2022)

The bulk enthalpy of melting of α-crystals of poly (L-lactic acid) (PLLA) is evaluated by fast scanning calorimetry (FSC), by correlating the melting enthalpy of samples of different crystallinity with the corresponding heat capacity at 90 °C, that is at a temperature higher than the glass transition temperature of the bulk amorphous phase and lower than the melting temperature. Extrapolation of this relationship for crystals formed at 140 °C towards the heat capacity of fully solid PLLA yields a value of 104.5±6 J g<sup>-1</sup> when melting occurs at 180-200 °C. The analysis relies on a two-phase structure, that is, absence of a vitrified rigid amorphous fraction (RAF) at the temperature of analysis the solid fraction (90 °C). Formation and vitrification of an RAF are suppressed by avoiding continuation of primary crystallization and secondary crystallization during cooling the system from the crystallization temperature of 140 °C to 90 °C, making use of the high cooling capacity of FSC. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) confirmed thickening of initially grown lamellae which only is possible if these lamellae are not surrounded by a glassy RAF. Linear crystallinity values obtained by SAXS and calorimetrically determined enthalpy-based crystallinities agree close to each other.
Initiation in Vitro of Growth of Bovine Primordial Follicles1 (1996)

Factors that control the onset of primordial follicle growth are unknown. We have tested the hypothesis that primordial follicles from fetal calves can survive and initiate growth in vitro in serum-free conditions. Superficial pieces of ovarian cortex, containing mostly primordial follicles, were isolated from bovine fetuses 6-8 mo old and cultured for 0, 2, 4, or 7 days in Waymouth MB 752/1 medium supplemented with insulin, transferrin, selenium, linoleic acid, and BSA (ITS+). Histological examination of cortical pieces after 2, 4, and 7 days in culture showed that the number of healthy primordial follicles had decreased by 88%, 90%, and 94%, respectively (p < 0.01), whereas the number of healthy primary follicles had increased to 260%, 209%, and 197%, respectively, of the number present on Day 0 (p < 0.05). The percentage of follicles that showed signs of atresia did not change with time in culture and was about 28% and 50% for primordial and primary follicles, respectively. After 7 days in culture, the mean diameter of the few remaining healthy primordial follicles was 1.2 times the average diameter of primordial follicles present on Day 0 (p < 0.01). In contrast, after 2, 4, and 7 days in culture, primary follicles were 1.2, 1.3, and 1.4 times larger in diameter, respectively, relative to Day 0 (p < 0.01). There was little change in the diameter of oocytes in primordial follicles during culture, whereas in primary follicles an increase in oocyte diameter became apparent after 4 and 7 days (1.1 and 1.2 times, respectively, p < 0.01). That follicle growth was initiated in vitro was further confirmed by immunolocalization of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), a marker for cell growth and proliferation, in cultured and freshly isolated pieces of ovarian cortex. In freshly isolated tissue, PCNA staining was absent from pre-granulosa cells and oocytes of the quiescent primordial follicles but was intense in granulosa cells and oocytes of the few growing primary follicles. After 2, 4, and 7 days in culture, PCNA was expressed intensely in the oocyte and many granulosa cells of newly activated primary follicles. These results demonstrate that bovine primordial follicles can enter the growth phase in vitro and that PCNA expression by granulosa cells and oocytes is closely associated with the onset of primordial follicle growth. The fact that a high percentage of primordial follicles initiated growth in vitro suggests that the ovarian stroma exerts inhibitory control over the initiation of primordial follicle growth in vivo. The culture system we describe may provide the means to test this hypothesis and others.
Time series analyses of breathing patterns of lung cancer patients using nonlinear dynamical system theory (2011)

The underlying requirements for successful implementation of any efficient tumour motion management strategy are regularity and reproducibility of a patient's breathing pattern. The physiological act of breathing is controlled by multiple nonlinear feedback and feed-forward couplings. It would therefore be appropriate to analyse the breathing pattern of lung cancer patients in the light of nonlinear dynamical system theory. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the one-dimensional respiratory time series of lung cancer patients based on nonlinear dynamics and delay coordinate state space embedding. It is very important to select a suitable pair of embedding dimension 'm' and time delay 'τ' when performing a state space reconstruction. Appropriate time delay and embedding dimension were obtained using well-established methods, namely mutual information and the false nearest neighbour method, respectively. Establishing stationarity and determinism in a given scalar time series is a prerequisite to demonstrating that the nonlinear dynamical system that gave rise to the scalar time series exhibits a sensitive dependence on initial conditions, i.e. is chaotic. Hence, once an appropriate state space embedding of the dynamical system has been reconstructed, we show that the time series of the nonlinear dynamical systems under study are both stationary and deterministic in nature. Once both criteria are established, we proceed to calculate the largest Lyapunov exponent (LLE), which is an invariant quantity under time delay embedding. The LLE for all 16 patients is positive, which along with stationarity and determinism establishes the fact that the time series of a lung cancer patient's breathing pattern is not random or irregular, but rather it is deterministic in nature albeit chaotic. These results indicate that chaotic characteristics exist in the respiratory waveform and techniques based on state space dynamics should be employed for tumour motion management.
Bone Augmentation Techniques (2007)

Many different techniques exist for effective bone augmentation. The approach is largely dependent on the extent of the defect and specific procedures to be performed for the implant reconstruction. It is most appropriate to use an evidenced-based approach when a treatment plan is being developed for bone augmentation cases.
Temporal-contrast imperfections as drivers for ultrafast laser modifications in bulk silicon (2020)

This paper uncovers the role of the temporal contrast in achieving internal modifications in semiconductors with ultrafast lasers and explores how it may influence three dimensional fabrication of monolithic silicon microsystems.
A MOS approach to CMOS DET flip-flop design (2002)

A novel approach to double-edge-triggered (DET) flip-flop design is presented along with a new static flip-flop and a new dynamic flipflop. The approach builds CMOS circuits using pass transistors and MOS-style clocked inverters and addresses issues of threshold voltage drop (V/sub T/ drop) and circuit complexity. Among DET designs, the number of switched and total transistors used by our flip-flops is less than or equal to any in related work. Our circuits beat all others in speed (maximum frequency response) by significant margins at medium to high supply voltages. The speed outperformance range for our static flip-flop is 1.5 to 5 V and for our dynamic flip-flop is <2.5 to 5 V.
Data from Fecal Microbiota Transplantation from Overweight or Obese Donors in Cachectic Patients with Advanced Gastroesophageal Cancer: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase II Study (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;Cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome, associated with poor survival in patients with cancer, and is influenced by the gut microbiota. We investigated the effects of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) on cachexia and treatment response in patients with advanced gastroesophageal cancer.&lt;/p&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;p&gt;In a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial performed in the Amsterdam University Medical Center, we assigned 24 cachectic patients with metastatic HER2-negative gastroesophageal cancer to either allogenic FMT (healthy obese donor) or autologous FMT, prior to palliative chemotherapy (capecitabine and oxaliplatin). Primary objective was to assess the effect of allogenic FMT on satiety. Secondary outcomes were other features of cachexia, along with disease control rate (DCR), overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and toxicity. Finally, exploratory analyses were performed on the effect of FMT on gut microbiota composition (metagenomic sequencing) and metabolites (untargeted metabolomics).&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;Allogenic FMT did not improve any of the cachexia outcomes. Patients in the allogenic group (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 12) had a higher DCR at 12 weeks (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.035) compared with the autologous group (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 12), longer median OS of 365 versus 227 days [HR = 0.38; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.14–1.05; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.057] and PFS of 204 versus 93 days (HR = 0.50; 95% CI, 0.21–1.20; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.092). Patients in the allogenic group showed a significant shift in fecal microbiota composition after FMT (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.010) indicating proper engraftment of the donor microbiota.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;FMT from a healthy obese donor prior to first-line chemotherapy did not affect cachexia, but may have improved response and survival in patients with metastatic gastroesophageal cancer. These results provide a rational for larger FMT trials.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Thermodynamic Modeling of Al-Cr-N Thin Film Systems Grown by PVD (1999)

Metastable, nanocrystalline, ternary chromium aluminium nitride thin films were produced by reactive and non-reactive magnetron sputtering of a chromium aluminium nitride target in a pure nitrogen and a pure argon atmosphere, respectively. The chemical composition of the layers was determined by means of microprobe analysis. The metastable layered structure was characterized experimentally by means of X-ray diffraction and electron diffraction, and modeled theoretically by means of thermodynamic calculations and estimations.
A Science gateway for biodiversity and climate change research (2017)

Climate and biodiversity systems are closely interlaced across a wide range of scales. To better understand the mutual interaction between climate change and biodiversity there is a strong need for multidisciplinary skills, tools and a large variety of heterogeneous, distributed data sources. In this regard, the EUBrazilCloudConnect project provides a user-centric research environment built on top of a federated cloud infrastructure across Europe and Brazil to serve scientific needs. One of the test cases implemented in this project focuses on climate change and biodiversity research. The BioClimate is the Science Gateway of the use case. It aims at providing end-users with a highly integrated environment, addressing mainly data analytics requirements. This paper presents a complete overview about BioClimate and the scientific environment delivered to the user community at the end of the project.
Gα12 Requires Acylation for Its Transforming Activity (1998)

The alpha subunit of the heterotrimeric G protein G12, harboring a mutation in the GTP binding domain (Q229L), behaves as a potent oncogene in NIH 3T3 cells. This alpha subunit, like most other G protein alpha subunits, undergoes palmitoylation, the reversible posttranslational addition of palmitate to cysteine residues. We investigated the role of palmitoylation of alpha12 in membrane localization and transformation efficiency and whether another lipid modification, myristoylation, could substitute for palmitoylation. NIH 3T3 cells were stably transfected with plasmids that expressed the wild-type alpha12, the constitutively active Q229L (QL) mutant, and mutants in which C11 was changed to S (C11S) and S2 and R6 were changed to G and S, respectively (S2G). Incorporation of [3H]palmitate was found in the endogenous and expressed alpha12 but not in the C11S mutants. Incorporation of [3H]myristate was found only in the S2G mutants. The wild type, QL mutant, and all the acylation mutants were found in the particulate fraction. Cells expressing the nonpalmitoylated C11S,QL mutant did not undergo transformation. The S2G mutation in the nonpalmitoylated C11S,QL mutant restored the transformation efficiency to a greater level than that of the palmitoylated QL mutant as measured by foci formation, growth in soft agar, and growth rate. Palmitoylation was critical for the transformation efficiency of alpha12 but not specifically required because myristoylation could substitute for these functions.
A new marker of epidermal differentiation associated with the membrane coating granules: characterization and applications to pathology. (1992)

A murine monoclonal antibody, BC12, was obtained after immunization against suprabasal human keratinocytes. In the epidermis of normal human skin, the antigen recognized by BC12 (BC12 antigen) is located at the apex of keratinocytes in the upper stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum but is absent in other layers. The BC12 antigen is also present in hair follicles. Immunoblotting performed on keratinocyte subpopulations confirmed the presence of the BC12 antigen in differentiated keratinocytes only. Two-dimensional immunoblotting showed that the BC12 antigen corresponds to a set of polypeptides with an apparent molecular weight of approximately 33kD. In keratinocyte cultures, the antigen is present only in stratified areas. The distribution of the BC12 antigen, as studied by indirect immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy, and its presence in certain subcellular fractions of epidermal cells suggest that it is a component of membrane coating granules (MCGs) or that it is associated with these structures. Strikingly, in psoriasis, eczema and many other diseases, the BC12 antibody does not label the epidermis, but vessels in dermal papillae. The BC12 antibody may thus be a useful tool in the study of keratinocyte differentiation and MCG physiology, and, also, in pathology.
Data mining and personalization technologies (2003)

Data mining has become increasingly popular and is widely used in various application areas. In this paper, we examine new developments in data mining and its application to personalization in E-commerce. Personalization is what merchants and publishers want to do to tailor the Web site or advertisement and product promotion to a customer based on his past behavior and inference from other like-minded people. E-commerce offers the opportunity to deploy this type of one-to-one marketing instead of the traditional mass marketing. The technology challenges to support personalization are discussed. These include the need to perform clustering and searching in very high dimensional data space with huge amount of data. We examine some of the new data mining technologies developed that can support personalization.
Studies into the action of the diphenyl ether herbicides acifluorfen and oxyfluorfen. Part II: The interaction with photosynthetic electron transport reactions (1987)

Abstract The effects of acifluorfen and oxyfluorfen on photosynthetic electron transport reactions of pea chloroplasts were compared with those induced by paraquat and monuron. Monuron inhibited electron flow between photosystems I and II, and paraquat acted as an electron acceptor for photosystem I, promoting superoxide formation by illuminated chloroplasts. Neither acifluorfen nor oxyfluorfen at concentrations up to 50 μM affected non‐cyclic electron flow or promoted superoxide formation. Both herbicides were shown to repress ferredoxin‐dependent NADP + reduction by illuminated chloroplasts. Further experiments showed that, in the presence of ferredoxin‐NADP + reductase and chloroplast membranes maintained in the dark, p‐nitro diphenyl ether (DPE) herbicides promoted the rate of ferredoxin‐dependent oxidation of NADPH, implying that these herbicides can accept electrons from reduced ferredoxin. The interaction between acifluorfen, ferredoxin and chloroplast membranes was examined further by following the effect of this herbicide on the peroxidation of illuminated thylakoids. Lipid peroxidation was promoted by acifluorfen, although this effect was abolished if thylakoids were washed prior to use. The effect of washing could be reversed by adding exogenous ferredoxin. These data demonstrate that interaction of DPE herbicides with photosynthetic electron transport in the vicinity of ferredoxin is necessary for light‐dependent herbicide activation.
Experimental data on the interaction of colliding beams (1966)

Results are presented of an experimental study of the interaction between colliding beams in storage rings.
Macrocyclic Side-Chain Monomers for Photoinduced ATRP: Synthesis and Properties versus Long-Chain Linear Isomers (2018)

The photoinduced atom transfer radical polymerization of traditionally challenging hydrophobic monomers (lauryl C12, stearyl C18, and docosyl C22-acrylate) and novel cyclic isomers (C12, C16, and C17) is reported. By the judicious selection of commercially available solvents and catalytic systems, polymers with a high degree of control over dispersity (Đ ≈ 1.1) and end-group fidelity were obtained over a wide range of molecular weights. This level of control provides access to unique hydrophobic materials (random, block, and homopolymers) with significant differences in properties observed due to the isomeric form of the hydrocarbon side chain (macrocyclic versus linear).
Leak Detection, Size Estimation and Localization in Pipe Flows (2015)

We design a leak detection system consisting of an adaptive observer based on a set of two coupled one dimensional first order hyperbolic partial differential equations governing the flow dynamics. It is assumed that measurements are only available at the inlet and outlet of the pipe. Convergence properties are provided showing that the leak size estimation problem can be tackled independently from how the leak is distributed along the pipe. This is key to obtaining a simple estimation scheme for the leak location. Simulations are provided to demonstrate the ability of the system to detect, quantify and locate leaks.
The Spectroscopy of Low-Ligand-Field Cr3+ in Germanium Garnets (1984)

The search for tunable solid state lasers has lead to a resurgence of interest in Cr 3+ -doped materials. Crystals with an intermediate or low ligand field environment for the Cr 3+ ion are of particular interest because of their potential as broadly tunable, 4-level, red and near-infrared lasers. These hosts are qualitatively different from high field materials such as ruby and luminesce in a broad band because the 4 T 2 state is comparable or lower in energy than the 2 E state. We present the results of optical and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopic investigations of a family of Cr 3+ -doped germanium garnets with the formula Ca 3 M 2 (GeO 4 ) 3 , where M = Al, Ga, or Sc. The Cr 3+ ion substitutes for the M 3+ and occupies a site of distorted octahedral symmetry. We have found significant variation among these three germanates with regard to ligand field strength and concentration quenching for Cr 3+ . Moreover, the small ionic radii of Al 3+ and Ga 3+ enable these analogs to form high concentrations of a native defect believed to be a complex of the F + center. The presence of this color center makes it difficult to control the oxidation state of the Cr dopant. This defect does not form in the Sc germanate and Cr remains in the 3 + oxidation state.
BclAF1 restriction factor is neutralized by proteasomal degradation and microRNA repression during human cytomegalovirus infection (2012)

Cell proteins can restrict the replication of viruses. Here, we identify the cellular BclAF1 protein as a human cytomegalovirus restriction factor and describe two independent mechanisms the virus uses to decrease its steady-state levels. Immediately following infection, the viral pp71 and UL35 proteins, which are delivered to cells within virions, direct the proteasomal degradation of BclAF1. Although BclAF1 reaccumulates through the middle stages of infection, it is subsequently down-regulated at late times by miR-UL112-1, a virus-encoded microRNA. In the absence of BclAF1 neutralization, viral gene expression and replication are inhibited. These data identify two temporally and mechanistically distinct functions used by human cytomegalovirus to down-regulate a cellular antiviral protein.
The Age of Fighting Sail: The Story of the Naval War of 1812 (1957)

Find information about UTP Journals. University of Toronto Press is Canada’s leading academic publisher and one of the largest university presses in North America, with particular strengths in the social sciences, humanities, and business. The Book Publishing Division is widely recognized in Canada for its strength in history, political science, sociology, Indigenous studies, and cultural studies. Internationally, UTP is a leading publisher of medieval, Renaissance, Italian, Iberian, Slavic, and urban studies, as well as studies in book and print culture.