gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Performance of TDR and Capacitance Techniques for Soil Moisture Measurement (2018)

Abstract Though researchers have employed various techniques (gravimetric, electromagnetic, neutron scattering, heat pulse, microwave, and optical remote sensing techniques) for soil moisture measurement, dielectric-based techniques (Time Domain Reflectometry [TDR] and capacitance technique [CT]) have gained much more popularity, mainly due to revolutionary developments in the fields of electronics and data communication systems. However, the suitability and relative performance of these techniques for moisture measurement of soils is a point of debate. Hence, in order to address this issue, extensive studies were conducted on soils of entirely different characteristics, compacted at various compaction states (dry densities and water contents) by employing TDR and capacitance probes. Subsequently, the dielectric constant of the soil and its bulk electrical conductivity were obtained using these probes and compared against each other and those computed from Topp’s equation, which is a well-established relationship between the dielectric constant of the soil and its volumetric moisture content. An attempt was also made to correlate Ka values obtained from the dielectric techniques and Topp’s equation with those of the Time Propagation (TP) Mixing model, which incorporates the properties of the soil matrix as well. It has been observed that the Ka-TDR matches well with the Ka-Topp and Ka-TP, while the best match has been observed between Ka-TDR and Ka-Topp as compared to the Ka-CT. As such, the study demonstrates clearly that Topp’s equation, which ignores the soil-specific parameters, is capable of determining the soil moisture content appropriately. This study proposes an empirical equation that relates dielectric constants obtained from Topp’s equation to those obtained from TDR, CT, and the TP Mixing model. Such a relationship can be further utilized for estimating the volumetric soil moisture content.
Development of novel pesticides in the 21st century (2020)

General trends and strategies for novel pesticides are summarized. Global pesticide sales and pesticide discovery research are also briefly reviewed. At least 105 chemical pesticides have been launched during the past decade or are under development: 43 fungicides, 34 insecticides/acaricides, 6 nematicides, 21 herbicides, and 1 herbicide safener. Most of them are safe to humans and environmentally friendly. The most developed fungicides are SDHI (succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors), DMI (demethylation inhibitors), QoI (quinone outside inhibitors), and QiI (quinone inside inhibitors). Due to the development of resistance to fungicides with existing modes of action, many fungicides possessing various novel modes of action have been launched or are under development. The trend of insecticide development is changing from organophosphorus, carbamate, and synthetic pyrethroids to nicotinic and diamide insecticides. During the past decade, compounds possessing a variety of novel modes of action have also been launched or are under development. Flupyradifurone and flupyrimin, exhibiting extremely low honeybee toxicity, have been developed and subjected to practical use. Herbicides possessing varied modes of action, such as acetolactate synthase, <i>p</i>-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase, protoporphyrinogen oxidase, and very-long-chain fatty acid elongase inhibition, have been developed, but no herbicides possessing a novel mode action have commercialized in nearly 30 years. It is of interest that cyclopyrimorate, which was recently launched, and tetflupyrolimet, which is under development, have novel modes action: homogentisate solanesyltransferase (HST) and dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) inhibition, respectively. The development of useful acaricides and nematicides is also progressing. Some natural product origin pesticides are getting attention.
Gas chromatographic quantification of phloridzin in apple seed coats (1990)

Abstract A new, quick and accurate method is reported for the quantification of phloridzin in apple seed coats by gas chromatography through the formation of the trimethylsilyl derivative.
The physics and radiobiology of fast neutron beams (1989)

Part 1 Production of neutron beams: basic properties of the neutron neutron sources comparison of generators for neutron therapy comparison of generators for nuclear methods of analysis (activation). Part 2 Neutron interactions and kerma: cross sections kerma neutron spectra in terms of soft-tissue kerma. Part 3 Dosimetry: methods of dosimetry principles of mixed-field dosimetry absolute instruments relative instruments - ionisation chambers separation of neutron and x-ray components miscellaneous dosimetric method neutron dosimetry intercomparisons. Part 4 Penetration in tissue: phantom tissue measurement of dose distributions examples of dose distributions back scatter gamma radiation target thickness and filtration transition zone imhomogeneities. Part 5 Sheilding, collimation and radiation protection: shielding collimation doses outside the beam induced radioactivity doses received by staff due to activation room shielding protection measurements. Part 6 Radiation quality: neutron spectra quality from secondary charged-particles. Part 7 Radiobiology: general concepts RBE and neutron energy chemical modifiers of radiation response RBE and position in the cell cycle repair of damage after photons and neutrons RBE and dose level RBE in relation to tissue and end-point tumours RBE and secondary charged-particle equilibrium the gamma-ray component. Part 8 Neutron therapy: effects of hypoxia radioresistant tumours growth rate other trials in neutron therapy selection of cases treatment schedules other forms of high-LET radiation. Part 9 The radiation hazard of neutrons: quality factor use of chromosome abberations to assess dose-equivalent RBE values for life-shortening and carcinogenesis doses and risks to patients investigated by nuclear methods of analysis (activation).
Pattern replication in blends of semiconducting and insulating polymers casted by horizontal dipping (2013)

ABSTRACT Pattern replication in solution‐deposited thin films of insulating and conjugated polymer mixtures might provide an alternative to spatially resolved printing techniques for the fabrication of polymer‐based circuitries. Though it has been previously shown that phase separation in the course of spin‐casting leads to the formation of domain structures resembling the chemical patterns pre‐set on the film substrate, finding optimal casting conditions is a tedious process, which requires multiple sample preparations. Here, we have demonstrated pattern replication in a mixture of poly(3,3′′′‐didodecyl quarter thiophene) (PQT‐12) and deuterated poly(styrene‐ co −4‐bromostyrene) (dPBrS) deposited by horizontal‐dipping on substrates, patterned with self‐assembling molecules by micro‐contact printing. Moreover, we show that casting conditions for accomplishing pattern replication can be efficiently screened by preparing thickness gradient samples. We have optimized the reconstruction of the substrate pattern in the PQT‐12:dPBrS film. Our results prove that desired structures of semiconducting and insulating polymers can be produced in a simple, high‐throughput technological process. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2013, 51, 1419–1426
Botulinum Toxin for Benign Essential Blepharospasm, Hemifacial Spasm and Age-Related Lower Eyelid Entropion (1987)

Purified botulinum A exotoxin was used in the treatment of forty seven patients with benign essential blepharospasm, 11 patients with hemifacial spasm and 2 patients with age-related entropion. The treatment was effective in all three groups for an average of 3-4 months when symptoms recurred and repeated chemodenervation with toxin was needed. The commonest complication was transient ptosis with an overall frequency of 7.8%. This incidence increased to 11.1% with toxin doses higher than 25 units per orbicularis. The treatment was well accepted by the patients, who were subsequently able to return to pre-blepharospasm lifestyles.
Editorial: The VALUE and remaining NEED of bond-strength testing. (2020)

status: Accepted
Alternative activation of macrophages in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) with endometriosis. (2012)

Endometriosis is one of the most frequently encountered gynecologic diseases and a common cause of chronic pelvic pain and infertility. The pathophysiology of this syndrome can best be described as the presence of ectopic endometrium and a pelvic inflammatory process with associated immune dysfunction and alteration in the peritoneal environment. Macrophages play an important role in the progression and propagation of endometriosis. Alternative macrophage activation occurs in rodents and women with endometriosis but had not been examined previously in nonhuman primates. This case-control study aimed to characterize macrophage polarization in the ectopic and eutopic endometrial tissue of nonhuman primates with and without endometriosis. In addition, circulating cytokines in endometriosis cases and normal controls were investigated in an effort to identify serum factors that contribute to or result from macrophage polarization. Endometriosis lesions demonstrated increased infiltration by macrophages polarized toward the M2 phenotype when compared with healthy control endometrium. No serum cytokine trends consistent with alternative macrophage activation were identified. However, serum transforming growth factor α was elevated in macaques with endometriosis compared with healthy controls. Findings indicated that the activation state of macrophages in endometriosis tissue in nonhuman primates is weighted toward the M2 phenotype. This important finding enables rhesus macaques to serve as an animal model to investigate the contribution of macrophage polarization to the pathophysiology of endometriosis.
On-chip Droplet Sorting for Droplet-based μTAS using Electro-conjugate Fluid Flow (2022)

A droplet-based micro total analysis system (μTAS), which handles sample/reagent in the state of droplets, is expected to be practical in biochemical analysis in recent years. The typical components essential for droplet-based μTAS include a pump, a mixer, a sorter etc., and they are ideally embedded on a chip. Hence, this study aims to realize an on-chip droplet sorting system mediated with an electro-conjugate fluid (ECF) flow contributing to droplet-based μTAS. The ECF is a kind of dielectric liquid generating a strong flow when subjected to high DC voltage, making it possible to integrate a fluid power source on a chip. The experimental result revealed that a droplet generated on a chip by T-junction was successfully sorted by the developed droplet sorting device driven by the ECF flow.
El costo del crédito en el Perú, revisión de la evolución reciente (2006)

This paper evaluates from a microeconomic perspective the lending cost determinants in the Peruvian banking system in the June 2004-December 2005 period. The evaluation considers the credit market segments identified in a prior study (published in 2002). Furthermore, it reviews the progress occurred in the financial system infrastructure –asymmetric information, credit risk assessing technologies, competitive structure, and credit guarantees performance– in the aforementioned period. The paper also contains a set of “study cases” that contributes to a better understanding of the credit market dynamics. We found evidence that supports the presence of a higher level of competition in every market segment, especially for that of corporate borrowers. Finally, the paper suggests a set of policies to further reduce the cost of credit.
Impact of frequency drift on gamma-aminobutyric acid-edited MR spectroscopy (2013)

Imaging acquisitions with high gradient duty cycles can impact subsequent GABA+ measurements. Postprocessing can address subtraction artifacts, but not changes in editing efficiency or GABA:MM signal ratios; therefore, protocol design should avoid intensive gradient sequences before edited MRS Magn Reson Med 72:941-948, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Remodeling the neck and the lower jaw with dehoxycholate injections. (2019)

Nonsurgical cosmetic facial procedures have gained popularity in recent decades. These procedures are commonly referred to as facial rejuvenation, and only a few are performed in the neck region. Herein, the authors describe their experience with off-label use of deoxycholic acid (DC) injections on 18 patients for remodeling of the neck and lower jaw. The injection protocol was personalized for each patient, and lidocaine was always premixed with the DC. After the initial injection visit, at least 3 months passed before further injections were considered. All documented side effects, including swelling and dysesthesia, resolved spontaneously. All patients received follow-up for at least 3 months, and only 2 patients required a second session of injections. By personalizing the injection protocol for each patient, good outcomes were achieved, including aesthetic enhancement of the shape and contour of the jaw and neck. Although the study is limited by the relatively small sample size, the results are promising and warrant additional investigations.
Memory Phenotype CD8+T Cells Are Superior to Naive CD8+T Cells in Separating Graft Anti-Tumor Activity From Gvhd After Bone Marrow Transplantation; Application to DLI. (2009)

Abstract Abstract 2452 Poster Board II-429 We compared the graft anti-tumor effect and GVHD activities of naturally occurring naive and memory phenotype subsets of C57BL/6 (H-2b) CD8+ T cells after bone marrow transplantation into BALB/c (H-2d) mice. The tumor used for the study was the BCL1 lymphoma, a spontaneously arising non-transfected cell line. We found that naive CD8+ T cells (CD62LhiCD44lo) express higher levels of gut homing molecules a4b7, CCR9 and CD103 compared to memory subsets comprised of both effector (CD62LloCD44hi) and central memory cells (CD62LhiCD44hi). The proliferation of the naive cells was ten-fold higher than memory phenotype cells against BALB/c stimulators and memory cells secreted significantly more IFNg in the MLR. All BALB/c hosts without tumor cells that were given donor memory CD8+T cells along with T cell depleted bone marrow cells (TCD BM) survived over 100 days of transplantation without significant weight loss compared to TCDBM controls. However, 25% of the mice given naive CD8+ T cells and TCD BM died due to GVHD and had significantly greater weight loss compared to TCD BM controls or to hosts given memory CD8+ T cells and TCD BM. BALB/c hosts given 500 BCL1 and TCD BM all died of lymphoma within 28 days of transplantation. Hosts given BCL1 cells, TCD BM and either memory or naive cells cleared the tumor by day 28 but weight loss and survival was significantly improved in the memory versus naive cell groups despite non significant differences in the GVHD scores in the liver and gut at day 100. Ex vivo imaging of mice receiving BCL1 tumor cells, TCD BM, and CD8+T cells from luciferase transgenic donors showed increased accumulation of naive phenotype CD8+T cells in the liver and the gut compared to memory phenotype cells after 6 days of transplantation. We compared the memory and naive CD8+ T cells in a model of donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) in which BALB/c mice with progressive growth of BCL1 tumor after TCD BM transplantation were given infusion of the CD8+ T cells. Both naive and memory cells are effective in clearing the tumor, and converting the hosts from mixed to complete chimeras. Differences in GVHD are observed. In conclusion, CD8+ memory phenotype T cells are a desirable subset that mediates potent anti-tumor activity without severe GVHD, and can be used in a DLI model. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Epidemiology of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Population-Based Study in Israel (2016)

Results suggest that there is a relatively high prevalence of ALS in Israel. Further research is needed to investigate factors that may contribute to the survival of patients with ALS in Israel.
Third COVID-19 Vaccine Dose Boosts Neutralising Antibodies in Poor Responders (2021)

ABSTRACT Objective To determine if poor responders to COVID-19 RNA vaccines (&lt;50% neutralisation) after two doses would remain poor responders, or if a third dose could elicit high levels of NAbs. Design Clinical follow-up study Setting Academic and medical institutions in USA Participants 269 healthy individuals ranging in age from 19 to 80 (Average age = 51; 165 females and 104 males) who received either BNT162b2 (Pfizer) or mRNA1273 (Moderna) vaccines. Main Outcome Measures NAb levels were measured: i) 2-4 weeks after a second vaccine dose, ii) 2-4 months after the second dose, iii) within 1-2 weeks prior to a third dose and iv) 2-4 weeks after a third RNA vaccine dose. Results In 269 study participants, percent neutralisation ranged from 0% to 99% 2-4 weeks after a second vaccine dose. The majority of vaccine recipients (154/269, 57%) demonstrated NAb levels at ≥75% 2-4 weeks after their second dose. Our study also revealed that 25% of vaccine recipients did not neutralise above 50% (Median neutralisation = 21%, titers &lt;1:80) within a month after their second dose. We called these individuals “vaccine poor responders” (VPRs). Twenty-three VPRs ranging in age from 31 to 79 (10 males, 13 females, average age = 62.5) independently obtained a third dose of either BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 vaccine 1-8 months (average = 5 months) after their second dose. Within a month after their third dose, poor responders showed an average 20-fold increase in NAb levels (range 46%-99%). Conclusions The results suggest that poor responders are not permanently poor responders; they can generate high NAb levels with an additional vaccine dose–independent of mRNA vaccine manufacturer. Previous reports indicate that NAb levels decline much more rapidly than clinical protection from hospitalisation and disease, but that does not account for vaccine recipients who never generated high levels of NAbs after two doses. It is possible that poor responders are a source of breakthrough infections. Although it is not known what levels of NAbs protect from infection or disease, many vaccine recipients in high-risk professions may wish to keep peripheral NAb levels high, limiting infection, asymptomatic viral replication, and potential transmission.
Microcup® displays: Electronic paper by roll‐to‐roll manufacturing processes (2003)

Abstract— Rolls of flexible displays or electronic paper have recently been prepared by a high‐speed roll‐to‐roll manufacturing process based on SiPix's novel Microcup® and top‐sealing technologies. Both Microcup® electrophoretic displays (EPDs) and LCDs have been demonstrated. The display rolls are format flexible and may be cut into desirable size and shape for a variety of applications. High‐performance flexible passive‐matrix Microcup® EPDs having a wide range of threshold voltages have also been demonstrated.
Power Control Unit for High Power Hybrid System (2007)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The hybrid vehicle market is growing rapidly recently, while carmakers are planning to expand their lineup of hybrid vehicles from the compact to the full-size. To make this rapid development possible, the Power Control Unit (PCU) that controls traction motors of hybrid vehicles is required both to be smaller in size for the ease of packaging, and higher in output power to fulfill the need for full-size vehicles.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;To achieve both of these targets, we have developed a PCU for the Lexus LS600h with higher output power per volume through significantly improved cooling design for power semiconductor chips by dissipating heat from both sides of them. The following is an overview of the developed technology.&lt;/div&gt;
Airframe noise predictions using the Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings equation (2022)

This paper considers potential sources of error when using the Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings equation to make predictions of airframe noise, which entails a relatively low-speed, uniform incoming flow encountering geometry of varying complexity. Numerical simulations are used to investigate several model problems where Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings integration surfaces are placed on solid surfaces as well as in the flow. Comparisons with the pressure obtained directly from the simulations reveal that when solid surfaces are used, the acoustic calculations can produce erroneous results in upstream directions and when scattering bodies block the line of sight from observers to the source. Using solid surface input data implies ignoring all volumetric source effects, which include noise generation as well as flow effects. Nonuniform flow alone, such as is found in a steady boundary layer, was not found to be a significant source of error, so the amplitude and phase changes induced by turbulent eddies in massively separated flow regions is speculated to be the primary cause of the error.
Caractérisations spatiale et spectrale d'un imageur à résonance de plasmon (2004)

La technologie des biocapteurs utilisant la Resonance des Plasmons de Surface (RPS) necessite une optimisation du rapport signal sur bruit. Dans le cas de notre systeme a imagerie en lumiere blanche, cela implique de caracteriser spatialement et spectralement la RPS afin d'apprehender les limites en sensibilite. Pour cela, en utilisant une source ajustable spectralement, nous avons traite des images obtenues sur des lames d'or nu au contact de differents milieux (eau pure, eau salee, PBS, resine...), et compare les resultats a ceux obtenus par modelisation numerique.
Pertactin-deficient Bordetella pertussis isolates: evidence of increased circulation in Europe, 1998 to 2015 (2019)

IntroductionPertussis outbreaks have occurred in several industrialised countries using acellular pertussis vaccines (ACVs) since the 1990s. High prevalence of pertactin (PRN)-deficient <i>Bordetella pertussis</i> isolates has been found in these countries.AimsTo evaluate in Europe: (i) whether proportions of PRN-deficient strains increased in consecutive collections of <i>B. pertussis</i> clinical isolates; (ii) if the frequency of PRN-deficient strains in countries correlated with the time since ACV introduction; (iii) the presence of pertussis toxin (PT)-, filamentous haemagglutinin (FHA)- or fimbriae (Fim)-deficient isolates.Methods<i>B. pertussis</i> clinical isolates were obtained from different European countries during four periods (EUpert I-IV studies): 1998 to 2001 (n = 102), 2004 to 2005 (n = 154), 2007 to 2009 (n = 140) and 2012 to 2015 (n = 265). The isolates' selection criteria remained unchanged in all periods. PRN, PT, FHA and Fim2 and Fim3 expression were assessed by ELISA.ResultsIn each period 1.0% (1/102), 1.9% (3/154), 6.4% (9/140) and 24.9% (66/265) of isolates were PRN-deficient. In EUpert IV, PRN-deficient isolates occurred in all countries sampled and in six countries their frequency was higher than in EUpert III (for Sweden and the United Kingdom, p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0155, respectively). Sweden and Italy which used ACVs since the mid 1990s had the highest frequencies (69%; 20/29 and 55%; 11/20, respectively) while Finland, where primary immunisations with ACV containing PRN dated from 2009 had the lowest (3.6%). Throughout the study, no PT- or FHA-deficient isolate and one Fim2/3-deficient was detected.ConclusionResults suggest that the longer the period since the introduction of ACVs containing PRN, the higher the frequency of circulating PRN-deficient isolates.