gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The TravTek Traffic Management Center and Traffic Information Network (1991)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The three major elements of TravTek are the TravTek Information and Services Center (TISC), the TravTek vehicles and the Traffic Management Center (TMC). The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) has issued a contract to design and implement the TMC and a network of agencies and companies that will supply traffic information and data. These sources of information and the TravTek vehicles are known as the Traffic Information Network (TIN). The TIN sends this information to the TMC which combines and processes it to generate reports in a process known as data fusion. Historical data and operator-entered information are also included in the data fusion process to generate the various status, incident, and link data reports. The TMC facilitates and pursues incident and congestion confirmation and clearance information from the TIN sources, fuses the information and provides it in the form of a computerized report to various users. Only data pertaining to link travel times and confirmed incidents or congestion are provided to the TravTek vehicles and to other end users.&lt;/div&gt;
Targeting of the Yeast Ty5 Retrotransposon to Silent Chromatin Is Mediated by Interactions between Integrase and Sir4p (2001)

The Ty5 retrotransposons of Saccharomyces cerevisiaeintegrate preferentially into regions of silent chromatin at the telomeres and silent mating loci (HMR andHML). We define a Ty5-encoded targeting domain that spans 6 amino acid residues near the C terminus of integrase (LXSSXP). The targeting domain establishes silent chromatin when it is tethered to a weakened HMR-E silencer, and it disrupts telomeric silencing when it is overexpressed. As determined by both yeast two-hybrid and in vitro binding assays, the targeting domain interacts with the C terminus of Sir4p, a structural component of silent chromatin. This interaction is abrogated by mutations in the targeting domain that disrupt integration into silent chromatin, suggesting that recognition of Sir4p by the targeting domain is the primary determinant in Ty5 target specificity.
Studies on Antibacterial Factors in Mammalian Tissues and Fluids (1958)

Summary The rabbit serum and human serum bactericidin systems for Bacillus subtilis were studied for participating cofactors. Both calcium ions and bicarbonate ions are required for activity of the human bactericidin, whereas only bicarbonate ions are required for the rabbit system. Bicarbonate ions must be present in the reaction mixture since cells grown on bicarbonate and then washed free of bicarbonate are not sensitive to the rabbit serum bactericidin. B. subtilis in the presence of sodium bicarbonate is not sensitive to egg white lysozyme which tends to rule out lysozyme as a major component of the serum systems. Antisera prepared against B. subtilis in rabbits neither influences the serum bactericidin levels nor alters the sensitivity of B. subtilis to the rabbit bactericidin.
Total Hip Arthroplasty for Adult Hip Dysplasia (2012)

Preoperative planning is essential to define anatomy, clarify the operative approach and exposure, and ensure that suitable implants are available.Concerns exist regarding the long-term effectiveness and safety of hip resurfacing arthroplasty for the young dysplastic hip.In light of current evidence, concerns exist regarding the use of metal-on-metal articulations for hip arthroplasty in the young dysplastic hip.The ideal bearing surface is not known, although the longest data available support the use of metal-on-polyethylene.
Combined Design of Disturbance Model and Observer for Offset-Free Model Predictive Control (2007)

This note presents a method for the combined design of an integrating disturbance model and of the observer (for the augmented system) to be used in offset-free model predictive controllers. A dynamic observer is designed for the original (nonaugmented) system by solving an H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">prop</sub> control problem aimed at minimizing the effect of unmeasured disturbances and plant/model mismatch on the output prediction error. It is shown that, when offset-free control is sought, the dynamic observer is equivalent to choosing an integrating disturbance model and an observer for the augmented system. An example of a chemical reactor shows the main features and benefits of the proposed method.
Optically induced light deflection (1984)

Refractive index changes are induced in real time in photosensitive materials through light beam interference (control beam). Deflection of a laser beam interacting with this phase grating is achieved when the grating parameters are modified. This is obtained by shifting the wavelength of the control beam. Consequently an optical switching element which could be well adapted for fiber network connections is realized. A tracking method for maintaining that the Bragg condition is satisfied is developed. That permits large deflections to be obtained thus allowing the connection of many channels to be obtained.
Preimplantation Embryos Cooperate with Oviductal Cells to Produce Embryotrophic Inactivated Complement-3b (2007)

Human oviductal epithelial (OE) cells produce complement protein 3 (C3) and its derivatives, C3b and inactivated complement-3b (iC3b). Among them, iC3b is the most potent embryotrophic molecule. We studied the production of iC3b in the oviductal cell/embryo culture system. In the immune system, C3 convertase converts C3 into C3b, and the conversion of C3b to iC3b requires factor I (fI) and its cofactors, such as factor H or membrane cofactor protein. Human oviductal epithelium and OE cells expressed mRNA and protein of the components of C3 convertase, including C2, C4, factor B, and factor D. The OE cell-conditioned medium contained active C3 convertase activity that was suppressed by C3 convertase inhibitor, H17 in a dose and time-dependent manner. Although the oviductal epithelium and OE cells produced fI, the production of its cofactor, factor H required for the conversion of C3b to iC3b, was weak. Thus, OE cell-conditioned medium was inefficient in producing iC3b from exogenous C3b. On the contrary, mouse embryos facilitated such conversion to iC3b, which was taken up by the embryos, resulting in the formation of more blastocysts of larger size. The facilitatory activity was mediated by complement receptor 1-related gene/protein Y (Crry) with known membrane cofactor protein activity on the trophectoderm of the embryos as anti-Crry antibody inhibited the conversion and embryotrophic activity of C3b in the presence of fI. In conclusion, human oviduct possesses C3 convertase activity converting C3 to C3b, and Crry of the preimplantation embryos may be involved in the production of embryotrophic iC3b on the surface of the embryos.
Frequency dependence of the magnetic response of split-ring resonators (2007)

The design principle of split-ring resonators (SRRs) for realizing negative magnetic metamaterial is proposed through theoretical investigation of magnetic properties of SRRs from terahertz (THz) to the visible light region. To describe the frequency dispersion of metal throughout the frequency range, we consider the exact expression of the internal impedance formula. Our results indicate that the design principle should be changed completely at the transition frequency of 100 THz. Below 100 THz, since the resistance of the SRRs determines the magnetic responses, low-resistance structures are essential. On the other hand, we should design the SRRs' structures maintaining large geometrical inductance above the 100 THz region, because the decrease of the geometrical inductance dominantly reduces the magnetic responses.
Antibiotics Produced at the G. F. Gauze Scientific‐Research Institute of New Antibiotics, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences (Marking the 50th Anniversary of the Institute) (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A survey and analysis of commercially available hydrogen sensors (1992)

The performance requirements for hydrogen detection in aerospace applications often exceed those of more traditional applications. In order to ascertain the applicability of existing hydrogen sensors to aerospace applications, a survey was conducted of commercially available point-contact hydrogen sensors, and their operation was analyzed. The operation of the majority of commercial hydrogen sensors falls into four main categories: catalytic combustion, electrochemical, semiconducting oxide sensors, and thermal conductivity detectors. The physical mechanism involved in hydrogen detection for each main category is discussed in detail. From an understanding of the detection mechanism, each category of sensor is evaluated for use in a variety of space and propulsion environments. In order to meet the needs of aerospace applications, the development of point-contact hydrogen sensors that are based on concepts beyond those used in commercial sensors is necessary.
Insertion and promotion for tree-based PseudoLRU last-level caches (2013)

Last-level caches mitigate the high latency of main memory. A good cache replacement policy enables high performance for memory intensive programs. To be useful to industry, a cache replacement policy must deliver high performance without high complexity or cost. For instance, the costly least-recently-used (LRU) replacement policy is not used in highly associative caches; rather, inexpensive policies with similar performance such as PseudoLRU are used.
Comprehensive microRNA and transcriptomic profiling of rheumatoid arthritis monocytes: role of microRNA-146b in pro-inflammatory progression (2021)

Overall, in this study we have identified a new miRNA-146b candidate that is predicted to negatively regulate the anti-inflammatory RARA transcript, whereas circulating miRNA-146b level can be used as a biomarker predicting pro-inflammatory RA progression and disease activity.
Impact of Energy Management Strategies on Hydrogen Consumption and Start-Up/Shut-Down Cycles in Fuel Cell-Ultracapacitor-Battery Vehicles (2021)

The use of ultracapacitors in fuel cell electric vehicles holds the potential to promote their advancement by significantly extending the fuel cell lifetime. However, the design of suitable control strategies is critical to take full advantage of the additional degree of freedom and limit the principal causes of fuel cell degradation, such as transient operation and start-up/shut-down cycles. This paper studies the energy management of fuel cell-ultracapacitor-battery hybrid vehicles, investigating different criteria for fuel cell operation to find the best trade-off between hydrogen consumption and the number of start-up/shut-down cycles. In particular, the investigated control criteria are fixed-setpoint and charge-balancing operation. A third strategy is considered as a reference for potential performance improvements of predictive energy management. The study reveals that, in fuel cell-ultracapacitor-battery vehicles, the only significant source of fuel cell degradation are start-up/shut-down cycles. Here, harmful transients are limited because ultracapacitors enable stationary fuel cell operation without compromising battery life. Moreover, the investigation shows that the ultracapacitor and battery systems can sustain short driving cycles alone, avoiding fuel cell starts to preserve its life. The simulation results indicate that the fixed-setpoint strategy yields a better trade-off between hydrogen consumption and start-up/shut-down cycles than the charge-balancing one. Additionally, the study demonstrates that a predictive energy management strategy can significantly reduce degradation without hindering system efficiency.
Structural Basis for Variations in Polo-like Kinase 1 Conformation and Intracellular Stability Induced by ATP-Competitive and Novel Noncompetitive Abbapolin Inhibitors (2023)

Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) is an essential protein kinase with multiple roles in mitotic progression. PLK1 consists of a kinase domain (KD) and a phosphopeptide-binding polobox domain (PBD), which is responsible for substrate recognition and subcellular localization. The regulation of PLK1 involves an autoinhibitory conformation in which KD and PBD interact. Our previous work identified PBD-binding molecules termed abbapolins that inhibit the cellular phosphorylation of a PLK1 substrate and induce the loss of intracellular PLK1. Here, we describe a comparison of the abbapolin activity with that of KD inhibitors to gain insight into conformational features of PLK1. As measured by a cellular thermal shift assay, abbapolins produce ligand-induced thermal stabilization of PLK1. In contrast, KD inhibitors decreased the soluble PLK1, suggesting that catalytic-site binding causes a less thermally stable PLK1 conformation. Binding measurements with full-length PLK1 and a KD inhibitor also demonstrated a conformational change. Interestingly, the cellular consequences of KD versus PBD engagement contrast as KD binding causes the accumulation of intracellular PLK1, whereas PBD binding produces a striking loss of nuclear PLK1. These data are consistent with the relief of autoinhibited PLK1 by KD binders; an explanation for these observations is presented using structures for the catalytic domain and full-length PLK1 predicted by AlphaFold. Collectively, the results highlight an underappreciated aspect of targeting PLK1, namely, conformational perturbations induced by KD versus PBD binding. In addition to their significance for PBD-binding ligands, these observations have implications for the development of ATP-competitive PLK1 inhibitors because catalytic inhibitors may conversely promote PLK1 noncatalytic functions, which may explain their lack of clinical efficacy to date.
H223 A Study on a Cooling Hole Model for LES of Film Cooling with Multiple Holes (2010)

For the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) of film cooling flows with multiple coolant jets, a film-hole model based on a RFG (Random Flow Generation) technique was proposed to simulate turbulent fluctuating flows at the exit plane of film cooling hole as a boundary model. The proposed film-hole model for LES was validated by the comparison of predicted center-line film effectiveness with a known experimental result. In addition, the present LES was confirmed to predict correctly the effect of a swirling motion in a coolant jet on the film cooling effectiveness, by comparing it with experimental results. The spatial structure of the film cooling effectiveness at a cross section was also predicted well.
Microhardness of styrene/butadiene block copolymer systems: Influence of molecular architecture (2003)

Abstract The influence of molecular architecture on the mechanical properties of styrene/butadiene block copolymers was investigated by means of the microhardness technique. It was found that the microhardness of the styrene/butadiene block copolymers is dictated by the nature of microphase separated morphology. In contrast to polymer blends and random copolymers, in which the microhardness generally follows the additivity rule, the behavior of the investigated block copolymers was found to significantly deviate depending on their molecular architecture. The glass‐transition temperature of the polystyrene phase ( T g ‐PS ), which practically remained constant and that of the polybutadiene phase ( T g ‐PB ), which varied with the change in the block copolymer architecture, apparently do not influence the microhardness values of the block copolymers. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 1670–1677, 2003
Ion concentration polarization-based continuous separation device using electrical repulsion in the depletion region (2013)

We proposed a novel separation method, which is the first report using ion concentration polarization (ICP) to separate particles continuously. We analyzed the electrical forces that cause the repulsion of particles in the depletion region formed by ICP. Using the electrical repulsion, micro- and nano-sized particles were separated based on their electrophoretic mobilities. Because the separation of particles was performed using a strong electric field in the depletion region without the use of internal electrodes, it offers the advantages of simple, low-cost device fabrication and bubble-free operation compared with conventional continuous electrophoretic separation methods, such as miniaturizing free-flow electrophoresis (μ-FFE). This separation device is expected to be a useful tool for separating various biochemical samples, including cells, proteins, DNAs and even ions.
Defining the common subtypes of HLA A9, A10, A28 and A19 by use of ARMS/PCR (1993)

Abstract: We describe sequence‐specific primer (SSP) combinations for use in a one‐step polymerase chain reaction (PCR) typing system to determine HLA‐A locus subtypes of A9 (A23, A24), A10 (A25, A26, A43), A28 (A*6801, A*6802, A*6901) and A19 (A*2901, A*2902, A*3001, A*3002, A31, A32, A33) from genomic DNA. SSP's were designed on the basis of the amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) in which a mismatch at the 3’residue inhibits non‐specific amplification. The SSP combinations described extend our low‐resolution typing system, to provide a high‐definition typing of the HLA‐A locus.
Structural Role of Gly193 in Serine Proteases (2004)

In serine proteases, Gly(193) is highly conserved with few exceptions. A patient with inherited deficiency of the coagulation serine protease factor XI (FXI) was reported to be homozygous for a Gly(555) --> Glu substitution. Gly(555) in FXI corresponds to Gly(193) in chymotrypsin, which is the numbering system used subsequently. To investigate the abnormality in FXI(G193E), we expressed and purified recombinant FXIa(G193E), activated it to FXIa(G193E), and compared its activity to wild type-activated FXI (FXIa(WT)). FXIa(G193E) activated FIX with approximately 300-fold reduced k(cat) and similar K(m), and hydrolyzed synthetic substrate with approximately 10-fold reduced K(m) and modestly reduced k(cat). Binding of antithrombin and the amyloid beta-precursor protein Kunitz domain inhibitor (APPI) to FXIa(G193E) was impaired approximately 8000- and approximately 100000-fold, respectively. FXIa(G193E) inhibition by diisopropyl fluoro-phosphate was approximately 30-fold slower and affinity for p-aminobenzamidine (S1 site probe) was 6-fold weaker than for FXIa(WT). The rate of carbamylation of NH(2)-Ile(16), which forms a salt bridge with Asp(194) in active serine proteases, was 4-fold faster for FXIa(G193E). These data indicate that the unoccupied active site of FXIa(G193E) is incompletely formed, and the amide N of Glu(193) may not point toward the oxyanion hole. Inclusion of saturating amounts of p-aminobenzamidine resulted in comparable rates of carbamylation for FXIa(WT) and FXIa(G193E), suggesting that the occupied active site has near normal conformation. Thus, binding of small synthetic substrates or inhibitors provides sufficient energy to allow the amide N of Glu(193) to point correctly toward the oxyanion hole. Homology modeling also indicates that the inability of FXIa(G193E) to bind antithrombin/APPI or activate FIX is caused, in part, by impaired accessibility of the S2' site because of a steric clash with Glu(193). Such arguments will apply to other serine proteases with substitutions of Gly(193) with a non-glycine residue.
Triplet Excimer Emission in a Series of 4,4′-Bis(N-carbazolyl)-2,2′-biphenyl Derivatives (2010)

Carbazole-based materials such as 4,4′-bis(N-carbazolyl)-2,2′-biphenyl (CBP) and its derivatives are frequently used as matrix materials for phosphorescent emitters in organic light emitting diodes (OLED)s. An essential requirement for such matrix materials is a high energy of their first triplet excited state. Here we present a detailed spectroscopic investigation supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations on two series of CBP derivatives, where CH3 and CF3 substituents on the 2- and 2′-position of the biphenyl introduce strong torsion into the molecular structure. We find that the resulting poor coupling between the two halves of the molecules leads to an electronic structure similar to that of N-phenyl-3,6-dimethylcarbazole, with a high triplet-state energy of 2.95 eV. However, we also observe a triplet excimer emission centered at about 2.5−2.6 eV in all compounds. We associate this triplet excimer with a sandwich geometry of neighboring carbazole moieties. For compounds with the more polar CF3 substituents, the lifetime of the intermolecular triplet excited state extends into the millisecond range for neat films at room temperature. We attribute this to an increased charge-transfer character of the intermolecular excited state for the more polar substituents.
Grouped Orthogonal Matching Pursuit for Variable Selection and Prediction (2009)

We consider the problem of variable group selection for least squares regression, namely, that of selecting groups of variables for best regression performance, leveraging and adhering to a natural grouping structure within the explanatory variables. We show that this problem can be efficiently addressed by using a certain greedy style algorithm. More precisely, we propose the Group Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (Group-OMP), which extends the standard OMP procedure (also referred to as forward greedy feature selection algorithm for least squares regression) to perform stage-wise group variable selection. We prove that under certain conditions Group-OMP can identify the correct (groups of) variables. We also provide an upperbound on the l∞ norm of the difference between the estimated regression coefficients and the true coefficients. Experimental results on simulated and real world datasets indicate that Group-OMP compares favorably to Group Lasso, OMP and Lasso, both in terms of variable selection and prediction accuracy.
ChemInform Abstract: A Transition Metal‐Free Minisci Reaction: Acylation of Isoquinolines, Quinolines, and Quinoxaline. (2014)

Abstract A novel acylation method for heterocyclic compounds is developed.
Data from Cutaneous Human Papillomaviruses and the Risk of Keratinocyte Carcinomas (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Cutaneous human papillomavirus (cuHPV) infections may be novel targets for skin cancer prevention and treatment, but critical information regarding the development of virus-positive skin cancers following cuHPV infection has been lacking. In this study, baseline cuHPV infection was measured by serology and viral DNA detection in eyebrow hairs (EBH) and forearm skin swabs (SSW) among 1,008 individuals undergoing routine skin cancer screening exams and followed for incidence of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cuSCC). Baseline β-HPV detection, particularly in SSW, significantly predicted cuSCC (HR = 4.32; 95% confidence interval, 1.00–18.66), whereas serologic evidence of past β-HPV infection was not associated with cuSCC. Less than 5% of baseline β-HPV types detected in SSW were present in subsequent cuSCC tumors, and cuHPV detected in SSW with higher mean fluorescence intensity values were more likely to be present in cuSCC compared with those with lower levels (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001). β-HPV-positive cuSCC occurred more often in areas of highly sun-damaged skin than did β-HPV-negative cuSCC. Overall, no clear patterns were observed between baseline β-HPV detection and subsequent development of BCC, or between baseline γ-HPV detection and either cuSCC or BCC. Collectively, these results demonstrate that β-HPV detection in SSW is a significant predictor of cuSCC risk, although evidence suggests only a small subset of cuSCC is etiologically linked to β-HPV infection.&lt;/p&gt;Significance:&lt;p&gt;β-HPV positivity may be a useful biomarker for identifying individuals who could benefit from increased screening or novel cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma prevention strategies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;