gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of Vitamin Deficiency in Chronic Alcohol Misusers and the Development of the Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome (2000)

The classic signs of vitamin deficiency only occur in states of extreme depletion and are unreliable indicators for early treatment or prophylaxis of alcoholic patients at risk. Post-mortem findings demonstrate that thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency sufficient to cause irreversible brain damage is not diagnosed ante mortem in 80–90% of these patients. The causes of vitamin deficiency are reviewed with special attention to the inhibition of oral thiamine hydrochloride absorption in man caused by malnutrition present in alcoholic patients or by the direct effects of ethanol on intestinal transport. As the condition of the patient misusing alcohol progresses, damage to brain, liver, gastrointestinal tract, and pancreas continue (with other factors discussed) to further compromise the patient. Decreased intake, malabsorption, reduced storage, and impaired utilization further reduce the chances of unaided recovery. Failure of large oral doses of thiamine hydrochloride to provide an effective treatment for Wernicke's encephalopathy emphasizes the need for adequate and rapid replacement of depleted brain thiamine levels by repeated parenteral therapy in adequate doses.
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for metachromatic leukodystrophy (2015)

Introduction: Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is a rare, fatal, inherited lysosomal storage disorder caused by the deficiency of arylsulfatase A (ARSA). The enzymatic defect results in the accumulation of the ARSA substrate, mainly in myelin forming cells, leading to progressive demyelination and dysfunction in the CNS and peripheral nervous system. The severity of the disease and the absence of approved treatments stimulate testing innovative therapeutic strategies.Areas covered: Among diverse experimental approaches, hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation (HSCT) from healthy compatible donors, and very recently, gene therapy based on transplantation of autologous HSCs transduced with a lentiviral vector encoding for the ARSA cDNA have been applied to MLD patients. State of the development of these HSC-based strategies is here analyzed, based on a review of the scientific literature, focusing on the outcomes of allogeneic HSCT, and on its potential clinical benefit and limitations.Expert opinion: HSC-based approaches would require the evaluation of long-term follow-up on neurological and transplant-related outcomes of larger cohorts of patients, in order to rationally define indication to treatment for MLD patients.
3D Object Detection and Viewpoint Estimation with a Deformable 3D Cuboid Model (2012)

This paper addresses the problem of category-level 3D object detection. Given a monocular image, our aim is to localize the objects in 3D by enclosing them with tight oriented 3D bounding boxes. We propose a novel approach that extends the well-acclaimed deformable part-based model [1] to reason in 3D. Our model represents an object class as a deformable 3D cuboid composed of faces and parts, which are both allowed to deform with respect to their anchors on the 3D box. We model the appearance of each face in fronto-parallel coordinates, thus effectively factoring out the appearance variation induced by viewpoint. Our model reasons about face visibility patters called aspects. We train the cuboid model jointly and discriminatively and share weights across all aspects to attain efficiency. Inference then entails sliding and rotating the box in 3D and scoring object hypotheses. While for inference we discretize the search space, the variables are continuous in our model. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in indoor and outdoor scenarios, and show that our approach significantly outperforms the stateof-the-art in both 2D [1] and 3D object detection [2]. 1
A phase I study of idarubicin dose escalation with amisfostine and high-dose cytarabine in patients with relapsed acute myelogenous leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes. (2002)

The addition of amifostine does not allow dose escalation of idarubicin when combined with high-dose ara-C.
Abstract 4494: A clinical candidate anti-mesothelin-MMAE antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) for therapy of mesothelin-expressing cancers (2014)

Abstract Mesothelin (MSLN) is a cell surface glycoprotein widely expressed in a variety of cancers, with prevalence levels by IHC of 85% in ovarian, 75% in pancreatic and 45% in mesothelioma, and normal expression limited to the mesothelia, suggesting it could be an ideal target for antibody-drug conjugate therapy of these cancers. We have generated a high affinity (subnanomolar), humanized antibody to MSLN and conjugated it to auristatin anti-mitotic drugs (monomethylauristatin E and F, Seattle Genetics) via an uncleavable linker (anti-MSLN-mc-MMAF) or a cathepsin-cleavable valine-citrulline linker (anti-MSLN-mc-vc-PAB-MMAE/F) for comparison. The in vivo efficacy obtained in an ovarian transplant model was superior with the anti-MSLN-MMAE ADC. Anti-MSLN-MMAE was specifically internalized by MSLN-expressing cells in vitro, resulting in cell death compared to control ADCs. Pancreatic, ovarian and mesothelioma tumor cell lines endogenously expressing physiological levels of MSLN were identified and established as xenografts in mice. A single dose of anti-MSLN ADC was sufficient to inhibit or shrink tumor growth in models of each of the three indications in vivo, as well as inducing complete regressions in primary human pancreatic models, even those expressing low levels of MSLN typical of most human pancreatic tumors. Additionally, anti-MSLN-MMAE (at suboptimal doses) appeared to synergize with gemcitabine at clinically relevant doses in an HPAC xenograft model. Furthermore, anti-MSLN-MMAE was well tolerated in non-clinical toxicity studies (see accompanying abstract by Gupta et al.). Our data suggest that anti-MSLN-vc-MMAE is a promising clinical candidate for the treatment of several types of mesothelin-positive cancers. Citation Format: Suzie J. Scales, Nidhi Gupta, Glenn Pacheco, Ron Firestein, Dorothy M. French, Josefa Chuh, Yin Zhang, Leanne Berry, Jenny Bostrom, Elizabeth Luis, Aimee Fourie O'Donohue, Katherine R. Kozak, Sarajane Ross, Mark S. Dennis, Jay Tibbitts, Susan D. Spencer. A clinical candidate anti-mesothelin-MMAE antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) for therapy of mesothelin-expressing cancers. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4494. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4494
Amorphous Calcium Phosphate Based Composites: Effect of Surfactants and Poly(ethylene oxide) on Filler and Composite Properties (2007)

The uncontrolled aggregation of amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) particulate fillers and their uneven distribution within polymer matrices can have adverse effects on the properties of ACP composites. In this paper we assessed the influence of non-ionic and anionic surfactants and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) introduced during the preparation of ACP on the particle size distribution and compositional properties of ACP. In addition, the mechanical strength of polymeric composites utilizing such fillers with a photo-activated binary methacrylate resin was evaluated. Zirconia-hybridized ACP (Zr-ACP) filler and its corresponding composite served as controls for this study. Surfactant- and PEO-ACPs had an average water content of 16.8 % by mass. Introduction of the anionic surfactant reduced the median particle diameter about 45 % (4.1 μm vs. 7.4 μm for the Zr-ACP control). In the presence of PEO, however, the d(m) increased to 14.1 μm. There was no improvement in the biaxial flexure strength (BFS) in any of the dry composite specimens prepared with the surfactant- and/or PEO-ACPs compared to those formulated with Zr-ACP. The BFS of wet composite specimens decreased by 50 % or more after a month-long exposure to saline solutions. Other types of surfactants and/or polymers as well as alternative surface modification protocols need to be explored for their potential to provide better dispersion of ACP into the matrix resin and better mechanical performance ACP composites.
Z-axis conductive adhesive for TAB and fine pitch interconnects (2002)

Solder are used extensively in both die-attach and component attach in the first and second levels of electronic packaging. With the commercialization of VLSI and ULSI devices, both levels of fabrication have encountered difficulties in both manufacturability and reliability. These problems are analyzed and a novel solution of Z-axis, 'stress-free', and thermally conductive adhesives are introduced. The adhesive system has been engineered to simulate all the desirable characteristics of soldering such as fast 'curing' speed (milliseconds), ambient storage, low thermal and low electrical contact resistances, and reworkability. The drawbacks of solders, such as fatigue failures, stress-induced failures, and bridging, are avoided. All of these basic properties and some of the applications are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Characteristics of field confined holey fiber analyzed by boundary element method (2003)

We have proposed the field confined holey fiber which simply consists of air holes constructed in a step index core region. As far as we know, the fiber provides the first structure to realize both large anomalous dispersions and low bend losses. The structure is useful for a practical fiber to take full advantage of the dispersion of holey fibers. The boundary element method based on a formulation in terms of transverse magnetic fields has been used to verify the characteristics of the fiber. It is shown that the proposed fiber exhibits large anomalous dispersion over +150 ps/nm/km at 1.55 /spl mu/m. Compared with conventional all-silica holey fibers, the proposed fiber should have better bend losses because the fields are more concentrative in the core.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Chemopreventive and Chemotherapeutic Actions of mTOR Inhibitor in Genetically Defined Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Mouse Model (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 114K, Increase survivin levels in HNSCC cell lines treated with siRNA for TGFbr1 and Pten, and activation of PI3K, Akt, mTOR and survivin in Tgfbr1/Pten 2cKO mouse HNSCC&lt;/p&gt;
The larvicidal activity of solvent extracts of three medicinal plants against third instar larvae of Chrysomyia albiceps. (1998)

Four solvent extracts of each of Lemongrass (Symbopogon citratus), Santonica (Artemisia cinae) and Pomegranate (Punica granatum) were tested against the 3rd instar larvae of Chrysomyia albiceps. The pomegranate extracts showed the larvicidal activity with LC50 ranging between 25 ppm (acetone extract) and 280 ppm (chloroform extract). The Santonica showed larvicidal activity with LC50 ranging between 48 ppm (ethanol extract) and 380 ppm (acetone extract). The Lemongrass showed activity with LC50 ranging between 135 ppm (ethanol extract) and 570 ppm (chloroform extract). So, the most effective action in accordance to LC50 were the acetone extract of pomegranate, followed by ethanol extract of Santonica and lastly ethanol extract of Lemongrass. The slope functions of these three extracts were 4.6, 2.8 and 8.22 respectively. The shift to insect control by plant extracts pave the way to a somewhat healthy environment.
APHA book details need, approaches to research in US Native communities (2014)

It has been nearly two decades since Leslie Randall, RN, MPH, participated in a research project measuring the infant mortality rate among American Indian tribes in South Dakota. Yet she said residents still remember her and her fellow researchers.
Draft Genome Sequences of Streptococcus agalactiae Strains Isolated from Nile Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) Farms in Thailand (2014)

During 2009-2011, two clinical and one environmental strains of Streptococcus agalactiae were isolated from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) farms in Thailand. Draft genome sequences of two clinical isolates comprise 2,048,343 and 2,105,006 bp, while environmental isolates comprise 2,097,115 bp, having 1,573 to 1,578 coding sequences, respectively.
Einfluss der Oxidqualität auf die Stabilität von Halbleiterdetektoren bei Röntgenbestrahlung (2004)

Untersucht wurden Strahlenschäden, die bei der Bestrahlung von Halbleiterbauelementen mit Röntgenlicht in Siliziumdioxid und an der Grenzfläche Oxid  Silizium entstehen. Die Generation von positiven Oxidladungen und Grenzflächenzuständen kann mit Hilfe eines neuen in der Arbeit vorgestellten kombinierten Modells beschrieben werden. Das Modell lehnt sich an den Ansatz von DiMaria und das Wasserstoffmodell von McLean an. Relevante Größe für die Strahlenhärte eines Oxids ist die Dichte an eingebautem Wasserstoff im Oxid. Zur Vermeidung von Wasserstoff im Oxid wurde ein evakuierter Oxidationsprozess entwickelt. Wichtig ist die Strahlenhärte der Oxide bei der Herstellung von Halbleiterdetektoren für Röntgenstrahlung, die hohen Photonendosen ausgesetzt sind und eine große Langzeitstabilität aufweisen müssen. Beispielhaft wird die Strahlenhärte an Siliziumdriftdetektoren untersucht. Detektoren, die mit Hilfe des evakuierten Oxidationsprozesses hergestellt wurden, erweisen sich als sehr strahlenhart und können mit bis zu 10e14 1/cm² einfallenden Photonen von 17 keV Energie ohne Verschlechterung der Energieauflösung bestrahlt werden.
Early diagnosis of ATTR amyloidosis through targeted follow-up of identified carriers ofTTRgene mutations* (2019)

Diagnosis in the early stages of hereditary transthyretin (ATTR) amyloidosis is imperative to support timely treatment to prevent or delay disease progression. Genetic testing in the setting of genetic counselling enables identification of carriers of a TTR gene mutation who are therefore at risk of developing TTR-associated disease. Knowledge of different genotypes and how they manifest in symptomatic disease should facilitate development of a structured and targeted approach to enable diagnosis of symptomatic disease in ATTR amyloidosis mutation carriers on the first manifestation of the earliest detectable sign or symptom. A group of experts from across Europe, Israel and Japan met to reach a consensus on such an approach. The proposed approach involves establishing a baseline for key clinical parameters, determination of the timing and frequency of follow-up in TTR mutation carriers based on a predicted age of disease onset, and recognition of the likely initial clinical signs and symptoms aligned with the phenotype of the specific TTR gene mutation and family history. Minimum criteria for diagnosis of symptomatic disease have been agreed, which it is hoped will ensure diagnosis of ATTR amyloidosis at the earliest possible stage in people with a known TTR mutation.
(Invited) A Rational Design for Batteries at Nanoscale by Atomic Layer Deposition (2015)

A self-aligned nanostructured battery fully confined within a single nanopore presents a powerful platform to determine the rate performance and cyclability limits of nanostructured storage devices. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) has enabled us to create and evaluate such structures, comprised of nanotubular electrodes and electrolyte confined within anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) nanopores. This nanopore battery displays exceptional power-energy performance and cyclability when tested as a massively parallel device (~2billion/cm 2 ), each with ~1mm 3 volume (~1fL). (1) Cycled between 0.2V and 1.8V, this full cell has capacity retention of 95% at 5C rate and 46% at 150C, with more than 1000 charge/discharge cycles. Further increase of full cell output potential is also demonstrated. These results demonstrate the promise of ultrasmall, self-aligned/regular, densely packed nanobattery structures as a testbed to study ionics and electrodics at the nanoscale with various geometrical modifications and as a building block for high performance energy storage systems.
Frontispiece: In Vivo Applications of Bioorthogonal Reactions: Chemistry and Targeting Mechanisms (2023)

Bioorthogonal reactions are biocompatible reactions that enable the study of biomolecules in living organisms. In this review, we summarise and critically appraise recent developments in bioorthogonal reactions for in vivo applications. Areas of focus are the chemical reactions, and the targeting mechanisms used to deliver the bioorthogonal reactions’ components. For more details, see the Review by M. M. A. Mitry, F. Greco and H. M. I. Osborn (DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203942).
Automated Needle-free Injection Method for Delivery of Bacterial Suspensions into Citrus Leaf Tissues (2010)

A prototype needle-free device was evaluated for delivery of Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri bacteria into the leaves of cultivars susceptible and resistant to citrus canker. The device delivered a precisely controlled volume of bacterial suspension through infiltration of stomata by injection with pressurized gas. The device produced a uniform inoculation of bacteria into the leaves as measured by the volume of infiltration and diameter of the infiltrated area. No damage to the leaves was observed after inoculation with the automated device, even though a higher number of canker lesions developed compared to a hand-held needleless syringe injection method. The level of practice needed for operation of the automated device was minimal compared to considerable skill required to perform the hand-held injection. Results from inoculations with the automated device are in accord with the results with the hand-held syringe method that demonstrated kumquats are highly resistant to citrus canker while rough lemon and ‘Hamlin’ sweet orange are susceptible.
Joint location and source mechanism inversion of microseismic events: benchmarking on seismicity induced by hydraulic fracturing (2014)

Seismic monitoring can greatly benefit from imaging events with a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) as the number of the events with a low signal grows exponentially. One way to detect weaker events is improvement of a SNR by migration-type stacking of waveforms from multiple stations. We have developed a new method of location of seismic events that involves stacking of seismic phases and amplitudes along diffraction traveltime curves to suppress noise and detect seismic events with a SNR lower than that on individual receivers. The stacking includes polarity correction based on a simultaneous seismic moment tensor inversion and detection algorithm on the stack function. We applied this method to locate microseismicity induced by hydraulic fracturing. First we calibrated the velocity model by locating perforation shots at known locations. Then we processed 3 d of data from microseismic monitoring of shale stimulation and benchmarked migration-type locations of the largest events that were manually located. The detected and located events induced by hydraulic fracturing in this case study are mostly shear events forming narrow bands along the maximum horizontal stress direction approximately 100 m above the injection intervals. The proposed technique is fully automated and feasible for real-time seismic monitoring.
Accelerated multiple‐pass moving average: A novel algorithm for baseline estimation in CE and its application to baseline correction on real‐time bases (2007)

We present a novel algorithm for baseline estimation in CE. The new algorithm which we have named as accelerated multiple-pass moving average (AMPMA) is combined to three preexisting low-pass filters, spike-removal, moving average, and multi-pass moving average filter, to achieve real-time baseline correction with commercial instrumentation. The successful performance of AMPMA is demonstrated with simulated and experimental data. Straightforward comparison of experimental data clearly shows the improvement AMPMA provides to the linear fitting, LOD, and accuracy (absolute error) of CE analysis.
Association of Progressive Cerebellar Atrophy With Long-term Outcome in Patients With Anti-N-Methyl-d-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis (2016)

In anti-NMDAR encephalitis, DCA can be reversible and does not imply a poor clinical outcome. In contrast, cerebellar atrophy was irreversible and associated with a poor outcome. This observation deserves further study to confirm progressive cerebellar atrophy as a prognostic marker of poor outcome.
The origins and evolution of the bra (2009)

This thesis marks the first biography of the evolution of the bra from a designer and patternmaker’s perspective. Although the bra has a very long history, it only became a truly iconic garment in the latter half of the Twentieth Century. To some extent this transformation was driven by rapid social and economic changes, but the evolution of this highly technical garment is also inextricably linked to developments in technology which have led to improvements in materials, design and manufacture. Initially these developments were related to designing a three-dimensional product from a two-dimensional flat patternmaking process, but more recently the advent of the moulded bra has offered opportunities to create a seamless three-dimensional garment without the need to construct a flat pattern, and this has enabled both increased design possibilities and raised the prospect of a better fitting product. Through an investigation of the origins of underwear in general, and the bra in particular, this thesis reviews secondary source historical data to chart major changes in design, patternmaking, and technology from the first recorded uses of underwear to the current challenges facing bra designers and patternmakers in an increasingly globalised industry. This historical review culminates in the identification of two distinctly diverging trends in current bra design and manufacture, both of which face significant challenges in terms of training new designers and producing better sizing and fitting protocols. The two primary source studies which emanate from this historical review contribute new knowledge to each of these diverging directions in bra design. The first study provides an entirely new approach to the teaching, and subsequent current commercial practice of flat patternmaking for what many regard as the ‘traditional’ cut-and-sewn variety of bra. This study culminates in a new way of producing, learning and teaching the art of flat patternmaking, enabling underwear design graduates to leave university with the core skills they need to survive in a fast moving global industry. The second major study investigates the salient challenge of providing an excellent fit for both major types of bra across globally diverse and perhaps ethnically different body types. Consequently, it employs cutting-edge threedimensional body scanning technology to demonstrate how the design, sizing, and 2 fitting of both cut-and-sewn and moulded varieties of garment might be significantly improved in the future. Both primary source data studies therefore stand at the beginning of the future evolution of the most technically complex garment in human history, the not so humble bra.