gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fundamental Study for the Solution of Thermoacoustic Phenomenon Using Numerical Calculation: Relationship between the Stack Installation Position and Heat Flow (2012)

Thermoacoustic systems have several advantages owing to their simple structure driven by heat energy such as waste heat and solar heat. However, because their energy conversion efficiency is low, they have not been developed for practical use. Therefore, to improve energy conversion efficiency, a method of system design development is examined in this report using numerical calculations. First, calculation results obtained using the transfer-matrix methods are compared with experimentally obtained results, which confirms their good agreement. Secondly, calculated results of each heat flow element in the stack show that heat flow proportional to the temperature gradient Q D , which decreases the performance of the system, is dominant. Finally, the installation position of the stack is changed to reduce the ratio that Q D occupies in the heat flow. Results show a decrease in the ratio obtained by moving the stack installation position closer to the center of the tube. Energy conversion efficiency was increased eight times.
Upgrading Fischer-Tropsch LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) with the Cyclar process (1989)

The use of the UOP/BP Cyclar{reg sign} process for upgrading Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) was studied at UOP{reg sign}. The Cyclar process converts LPG into aromatics. The LPG derived from F-T is highly olefinic. Two routes for upgrading F-T LPG were investigated. In one route, olefinic LPG was fed directly to a Cyclar unit (Direct Cyclar). The alternative flow scheme used the Huels CSP process to saturate LPG olefins upstream of the Cyclar unit (Indirect Cyclar). An 18-run pilot plant study verified that each route is technically feasible. An economic evaluation procedure was designed to choose between the Direct and Indirect Cyclar options for upgrading LPG. Four situations involving three different F-T reactor technologies were defined. The main distinction between the cases was the degree of olefinicity, which ranged between 32 and 84 wt % of the fresh feed. 8 refs., 80 figs., 44 tabs.
Identifying the Onset of Increased Cognitive Load using Event-Related Potentials in Electroencephalography (2021)

Assessing cognitive load may be useful in a variety of applications, especially in identifying the onset of high cognitive load. However, current methods do not exist that can pinpoint such an event. We recorded EEG from participants while they completed auditory oddball paradigm and Stroop tasks. To determine the time at which a change in cognitive load could be detected, we applied auditory tones at four time points before and after the onset of an incongruent Stroop trial: (1) 100 ms prior to the Stroop onset, (2) 100 ms post Stroop onset, (3) 300 ms post Stroop onset, and (4) 450 ms post Stroop onset. Event-related potential results suggest that cognitive load was highest at time points after 100 ms post Stroop onset. This work provides a method for identifying an increase in cognitive load, which could be an important diagnostic tool for device development and tuning.
The use of interaural temporal disparities in lateralization tasks employing narrow bands of noise and sinusoidally amplitude-modulated tones: Effects of spectral locus (1985)

We wished to assess the relative potency of interaural temporal disparities in the fine structure and in the envelope of stimuli having continuous spectra. In order to do so, we employed an acoustic pointing task in which listeners varied the interaural intensitive difference of a 500-Hz narrow-band noise (the pointer) so that it matched the intracranial position of a second, experimenter-controlled, stimulus (the target). Targets were narrow bands of noise centered at octave intervals between 500 and 4 kHz. The bandwidths of the noises ranged from 50 to 400 Hz. These data will be compared to those obtained previously utilizing sinusoidally amplitude-modulated tones as targets. Both sets of data will be discussed in terms of modern theories of binaural hearing which presume that interaural temporal disparities within the envelope of high-frequency stimuli are processed similarly to interaural temporal disparities within the fine structure of low-frequency stimuli.
Topologically protected spin diffusion and spin generator using chalcogenide superlattices (2020)

Abstract Spintronics is expected to be the basis for future ultra-low-energy nanoelectronic devices. To operate such devices at room temperature, amplifiers, batteries, capacitors, as well as spin current sources are required. Here we report a chalcogenide superlattice composed of GeTe and Sb 2 Te 3 layers that have a topologically protected spin diffusion length exceeding 100 μm at room temperature. A spin generator is demonstrated by combining magnetic injectors (TbFeCo) with this superlattice. The spin current was found to increase exponentially with the number of superlattice periods. We used this effect to demonstrate a 15-fold increase in the spin current. In addition, spin rectification is possible by growing the superlattice layers with atomic-level thickness accuracy. The reported chalcogenide superlattice spin generators and rectifiers open new opportunities to design low-energy spintronic integrated circuits and quantum computers.
Improvement in bronchial squamous metaplasia in smokers treated with folate and vitamin B12. Report of a preliminary randomized, double-blind intervention trial. (1988)

To test whether changes in folate and vitamin B12 nutrition modify the severity of potentially premalignant lesions identified by cytology in sputum samples of smokers, we conducted a randomized, controlled prospective intervention trial in smokers with bronchial squamous metaplasia. Seventy-three men with a history of 20 or more pack-years of cigarette smoking who had metaplasia on one or more sputum samples were stratified according to smoking level and randomly assigned to four months' treatment with either placebo or 10 mg of folate plus 500 micrograms of hydroxocobalamin. Direct cytological comparison of the two groups after four months showed significantly greater reduction of atypia in the supplemented group. This provides preliminary evidence that atypical bronchial squamous metaplasia may be reduced by supplementation with folate and vitamin B12. However, the significance of these findings is tempered by substantial spontaneous variation in sputum cytologies, the small study population, the short duration of the trial, and the supraphysiological doses of folate and B12 used. The results should not be construed as pointing to a potential way of preventing lung cancer in individuals who continue to smoke or as supporting self-medication with large doses of folate or B12 by smokers.
Novel Tridentate Aminophenol Ligand for Alkylzinc Additions (2008)

The authors have developed a new tridentate aminophenol ligand for use in enantio­selective addition of diethylzinc to both aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes in consistently high yields and enantioselectivities. Conveniently, this ligand can be synthesized from readily available starting material in only three steps. Unfortunately, diphenylzinc and phenylacetylene addition reactions to aldehydes using this tridentate ligand provide only low levels of asymmetric induction.
Cationic Cyclizations Involving Olefnic Bonds. III.1 On the Mechanism of Formation of trans-Fused Rings (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCationic Cyclizations Involving Olefnic Bonds. III.1 On the Mechanism of Formation of trans-Fused RingsWilliam S. Johnson, Sharon L. Gray, Jack K. Crandall, and Denis M. BaileyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1964, 86, 10, 1966–1972Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01064a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01064a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views154Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Growth and device processing of hexagonal boron nitride epilayers for thermal neutron and deep ultraviolet detectors (2016)

Solid-state neutron detectors with high performance are highly sought after for the detection of fissile materials. However, direct-conversion neutron detectors based on semiconductors with a measureable efficiency have not been realized. We report here the first successful demonstration of a direct-conversion semiconductor neutron detector with an overall detection efficiency for thermal neutrons of 4% and a charge collection efficiency as high as 83%. The detector is based on a 2.7 μm thick 10B-enriched hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) epitaxial layer. The results represent a significant step towards the realization of practical neutron detectors based on h-BN epilayers. Neutron detectors based on h-BN are expected to possess all the advantages of semiconductor devices including wafer-scale processing, compact size, light weight, and ability to integrate with other functional devices.
Exploring T cell - B cell collaboration in multiple sclerosis through B cell differentiation analysis (2019)

International audience
Metallfreie formale oxidative C‐C‐Kupplung durch In‐situ‐Erzeugung einer elektrophilen Enoloniumspezies (2017)

Abstract Viele moderne organische Synthesen nutzen die intrinsische, natürliche Polarität der chemischen Bindungen und reaktiven Zentren der Substrate. Die Entwicklung unkonventionell polarisierter Synthone ist daher eine wünschenswerte Strategie, weil somit neuartige retrosynthetische Schritte in der Synthese komplexer Strukturen zugänglich gemacht werden können. Während die Umpolung von Carbonylzentren eine gängige Strategie ist, finden sich in der Literatur nur wenige Berichte über die Polaritätsumkehr der α‐Position von Carbonylen. Wir stellen hier die Entwicklung einer neuen elektrophilen Enoloniumspezies und ihre Anwendung in der chemoselektiven, metallfreien oxidativen C‐C‐Kupplung vor.
Identification and Characterization of a Novel Multidrug Resistance Operon,mdtRP(yusOP), ofBacillus subtilis (2009)

Using comparative genome sequencing analysis, we identified a novel mutation in Bacillus subtilis that confers a low level of resistance to fusidic acid. This mutation was located in the mdtR (formerly yusO) gene, which encodes a MarR-type transcriptional regulator, and conferred a low level of resistance to several antibiotics, including novobiocin, streptomycin, and actinomycin D. Transformation experiments showed that this mdtR mutation was responsible for multidrug resistance. Northern blot analysis revealed that the downstream gene mdtP (formerly yusP), which encodes a multidrug efflux transporter, is cotranscribed with mdtR as an operon. Disruption of the mdtP gene completely abolished the multidrug resistance phenotype observed in the mdtR mutant. DNase I footprinting and primer extension analyses demonstrated that the MdtR protein binds directly to the mdtRP promoter, thus leading to repression of its transcription. Moreover, gel mobility shift analysis indicated that an Arg83 --> Lys or Ala67 --> Thr substitution in MdtR significantly reduces binding affinity to DNA, resulting in derepression of mdtRP transcription. Low concentrations of fusidic acid induced the expression of mdtP, although the level of mdtP expression was much lower than that in the mdtR disruptant. These findings indicate that the MdtR protein is a repressor of the mdtRP operon and that the MdtP protein functions as a multidrug efflux transporter in B. subtilis.
Pharmacokinetics of a losartan potassium released from a transdermal therapeutic system for the treatment of hypertension. (2010)

Monolithic transdermal therapeutic systems (TTS) were developed for sustained antihypertensive effect of losartan potassium using the polymers Eudragit E 100 and polyvinyl pyrrolidone VA 64. The developed formulations (polymeric films) were evaluated for physical characteristics, ex vivo (histopathology) and in vivo (pharmacokinetic studies). Pharmacokinetic parameters, such as C(max), t(max), and AUC were estimated. The transdermal formulation in the present study was found to enhance the relative bioavailability of losartan potassium by 2.2 times with reference to an oral delivery. The increased bioavailability might be due to elimination of hepatic first pass metabolism. Thus, the transdermal formulation F3E with polymeric composition of Eudragit E 100 and polyvinyl pyrrolidone VA 64 (5:3) was found to provide prolonged steady state concentrations of losartan potassium with minimal fluctuations and improved bioavailability.
An electrostatic analysis of subthreshold behavior in FINFET (2005)

This paper investigates the subthreshold behavior of Fin Field Effect Transistor (FINFET) by solving 3D Laplace, and Poisson equations. Based on the potential distribution inside the fin, the appropriate band bending and the change in the band bending (&part;&psi;<sub>s</sub>) were calculated. Three-dimensional analysis of (&part;&psi;<sub>s</sub>) the change in the band bending indicates that (&part;&psi;<sub>s</sub>)is less (by ~ 20% for a channel width (T<sub>fin</sub>) of 20 <i>nm</i>) in the middle of the channel compared to that at the Si-Si<sub>O2</sub> interface. The decrease in (&part;&psi;<sub>s</sub>) towards the middle of the channel indicates that the control of the gate decreases towards the middle of the channel. Simulation results show that the S-factor of the device increases as T<sub>fin</sub> increases. It is observed that the S-factors calculated from the Laplace and the Poisson equations differ by ~7% for a device with a T<sub>fin</sub> = 50 <i>nm</i>. However this difference in S-factor gradually decreases and for smaller channel width devices, the S-factors calculated using Laplace and Poisson equations are the same. A comparison of S-factors obtained from Laplace and Poisson equation shows that the S-factor obtained from Poisson equation agrees very well with the reported experimental results. Thus, the systemic study of subthreshold behavior of FinFET shows that it is most appropriate to determine the S-factor of wider channel devices by solving 3D Poisson equation with appropriate doping concentration.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Push—Pull Type Chromophores via Nitrothiophene Induced Michael Type Reaction of Alkynes. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Research and development on personal satellite communications in Japan (1994)

This paper describes the research and development on the personal satell i te communications system using the millimeter-wave and Ka-band in Japan, focusing on the Communications Research Laboratory(CRL)'s projects through the Engineering Test Satellite VI (ETS-VI) and Communications and Broadcasting Engineering Test Satellite (COMETS) projects. Both satellites have been mainly developed by National Space Development Agency (NASDA), and CRL has developed experimental communication payloads to carry out the personal satellite communications experiment. Those payloads employ millimeter-wave band and Ka-band to provide large capacity to networks. In the ETS-VI projects, the basic technologies to utilize millimeter-wave and Ka-band such as devices and satellite access protocols will be developed. Subsequently, active phased array antenna, onboard switching technology and network management technologies will be developed through COMETS project. The ETS-VI and the COMETS will be launched in mid 1994 and early 1997, respectively.
Quality Assurance Tool for PVT Simulator Predictions (2002)

Summary The currently available pressure/volume/temperature (PVT) simulators predict the physical properties of reservoir fluids with varying degrees of accuracy depending on the type of model used, the nature of the fluid, and the prevailing conditions. Nevertheless, they all exhibit the significant drawback of lacking the ability to estimate the quality of their answers. Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) trained by large PVT databases are increasingly used to provide accurate predictions of physical properties mainly because of their ability to learn from experience. The use of such models offers the unique capability of estimating the quality of their predictions, as the degree of competence can be evaluated for each unknown test case. The accuracy of the ANN-based PVT simulators depends heavily on the density of the database compositional mapping around the coordinates of the unknown reservoir fluid. Unknown test cases found outside the available training space may lead to poor predictions. In this work, a quality assurance tool is presented that is integrated to the PVT Expert,* which is an ANN-based PVT properties prediction model. In the case of an unknown fluid, this tool qualifies the predictions of the PVT simulator based on the evaluation of the affinity of the test case with the training data sets contained in the database used. Subsequently, the competence with which the ANN model has learned the general trend in the area around any new test case is assessed numerically through the development of one ANN sextuple model per property. Finally, the use of the average predicted value eliminates the risk of considerable deviations. This innovative approach was tested successfully against a large set of studies unseen by the ANN model. The ability to provide confidence for the accuracy of the PVT predictions and to assess their quality significantly upgrades the applicability of the PVT simulator as a valuable reservoir management tool.
Water‐Soluble Magnetic‐Functionalized Reduced Graphene Oxide Sheets: In situ Synthesis and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Applications (2009)

Water-soluble magnetic-functionalized reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites can be easily prepared by an in situ high-temperature decomposition of iron precursor in liquid polyols (see image). This new class of graphene sheets decorated with magnetic nanoparticles verifies the feasibility to use graphene as supports to drive the development of carbon-based composite nanomaterials.
PARACHUTE STRESS ANALYSIS DURING INFLATION AND AT STEADY STATE (1964)

Abstract : The stresses occurring in the cloth of a parachute during the period of inflation and under steady state are calculated for a number of instantaneous shapes which are characteristic of the opening process and the steady state. The method is general and may be applied to any type of parachute built out of solid cloth, concentric rings or ribbons. The presented analysis is related to canopies consisting of triangular gores but can be extended to other gore patterns. A numerical calculation is made for a solid flat circular parachute during the period of opening and at steady state. (Author)
Human PBMCs Form Lipid Droplets in Response to Spike Proteins (2023)

Intracellular lipid droplets (LDs) can occur in response to inflammation, metabolic stresses, and other physiological/pathological processes. Herein, we investigated whether spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2 induce LDs in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMEC). PBMCs or HPMEC were incubated alone or with endotoxin-free recombinant variants of trimeric spike glycoproteins (Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron, 12 µg/ml). Afterwards, cells were stained with Oil Red O for LDs, cytokine release was determined by ELISA, and the gene expression was analyzed by real-time PCR using TaqMan assays. Our data show that spikes induce LDs in PBMCs but not in HPMEC. In line, in PBMCs spike proteins lower expression of genes involving lipid metabolism and LDs formation, such as SREBF1, HMGCS1, LDLR, and CD36. On the other hand, PBMCs exposed to spikes for 6 or 18 h did not increase in IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, and TNFα release or expression as compared to non-treated controls. Thus, spike-induced LDs formation in PBMCs seems to be not related to cell inflammatory activation. Further detailed studies are warranted to investigate in which specific immune cells spikes induce LDs, and what are pathophysiological mechanisms and consequences of this induction in vivo.
Larger tonic pupil size in young children with autism spectrum disorder (2008)

The symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have been suggested to manifest from atypical functioning of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), leading to altered arousal and atypical processing of salient stimuli. Coherent with this, persons with ASD show heightened autonomic activity, sleep difficulties, and structural and neurochemical alterations within the ANS. Recently, we observed decreased pupil responses to human faces in children with ASD. In the current study, we found differences in baseline (tonic) pupil size, with the ASD group exhibiting a larger pupil size than age-matched controls. Pupil responses are sensitive and reliable measures of ANS functioning, thus, this finding highlights the role of the ANS, and may provide clues about underlying neuropathology.
Contributions of Creatine Kinase to Mucosal Immune Responses in Colitis (2020)

Intestinal epithelial cells facilitate nutrient transport as well as protect against invasion of luminal bacteria and microbial products. Disruption of the intestinal epithelial barrier is a hallmark of IBD. The regulation of intestinal epithelial barrier is made possible by junctional complexes including tight junctions and adherens junctions that are supported by the actin cytoskeleton. Maintenance of the actin cytoskeleton is an energy demanding process and intestinal epithelial cells shuttle energy to the locations of the cellular junctions through the creatine‐ATP energy circuit. Within the cell, creatine and its associated enzyme(s) creatine kinase(s) (CK) facilitate the shuttling of high energy phosphates in the form of phosphocreatine between sites of ATP generation. Work in our lab has shown that CK contributes to apical junction assembly in vitro and that supplementation with creatine in murine colitis models is protective. Further studies have shown that mice lacking the brain and mitochondrial isoforms of CK (CK dKO) are significantly more susceptible to DSS‐induced colitis as measured by multiple disease parameters, including disease activity, weight loss, intestinal permeability and by histological assessment. In addition to impaired barrier function, mice lacking CK showed defective inflammatory responses underscored by nearly non‐existent levels of colonic IFNγ. Flow cytometry from splenocytes and MLNs of CK dKO mice showed that T cells produced less IFNγ upon stimulation in vitro, and this finding was confirmed in human PBMC treated with the CK inhibitor cyclocreatine. These results implicate a CK‐dependent regulation of IFNγ in protective innate immune responses during mucosal inflammation, and ongoing studies are focused on elucidating the mechanism of CK activity on T cell signaling. Support or Funding Information Crohn's and Colitis Foundation RFA #546183