gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Antihistamine Deptropine Induces Hepatoma Cell Death through Blocking Autophagosome-Lysosome Fusion (2020)

Some antihistamines have exhibited significant antitumor activity alone or in combination with other therapies in in vitro and clinical studies. However, the underlying mechanisms of how antihistamines inhibit hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation are still unknown. We first screened the antiproliferation activity of 12 benzocycloheptene structural-analogue drugs, and results showed that deptropine was the most potent inhibitor of both Hep3B and HepG2 human hepatoma cells. Deptropine significantly increased light chain 3B-II (LC3B-II) expression but did not induce sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1/p62) degradation in either cell line. Interestingly, other autophagy-related proteins, such as autophagy-related 7 (ATG7), vacuolar protein sorting 34 (VPS34), phosphorylated adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and phosphorylated protein kinase B (PKB, also known as Akt), exhibited no significant change in either deptropine-treated cell line. Deptropine also inhibited the processing of cathepsin L from its precursor form to its mature form. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed an increase of autophagosomes in deptropine-treated cells, but deptropine blocked the fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes. In a xenograft nude mice model, 2.5 mg/kg deptropine showed a great inhibitory effect on Hep3B tumor growth. These results suggest that deptropine can induce in vitro and in vivo hepatoma cell death, and the underlying mechanisms might be mediated through inhibiting autophagy by blocking autophagosome-lysosome fusion.
miR-34a-5p as molecular hub of pathomechanisms in Huntington’s disease (2023)

Our study demonstrates multiple interactions between miR-34a-5p and HD associated target genes and thereby lays the ground for future therapeutic interventions using this miRNA.
Design of Compact Stacked-Patch Antennas in LTCC Multilayer Packaging Modules for Wireless Applications (2004)

A simple procedure for the design of compact stacked-patch antennas is presented based on LTCC multilayer packaging technology. The advantage of this topology is that only one parameter, i.e., the substrate thickness (or equivalently the number of LTCC layers), needs to be adjusted in order to achieve an optimized bandwidth performance. The validity of the new design strategy is verified through applying it to practical compact antenna design for several wireless communication bands, including ISM 2.4-GHz band, IEEE 802.11a 5.8-GHz, and LMDS 28-GHz band. It is shown that a 10-dB return-loss bandwidth of 7% can be achieved for the LTCC (/spl epsiv//sub r/=5.6) multilayer structure with a thickness of less than 0.03 wavelengths, which can be realized using a different number of laminated layers for different frequencies (e.g., three layers for the 28-GHz band).
Lateral Drillstring Vibrations in Extended-Reach Wells (2000)

Abstract Drillstring dynamics and hole cleaning problems are some of the most important limiting factors in extended reach applications. Here, long sections of the drillstring lie on the low side of the wellbore while rotating. When the rotary speed exceeds a critical threshold the drillstring starts to "snake", sliding up and down the borehole wall. If rotated well beyond the threshold speed, the drillstring will eventually start to "whirl" which can cause severe damage to string components after only a short period of time. In this paper an analytical solution for the threshold rotary speed is derived and presented. It is shown to be in the range of the rotary speeds used in modern extended reach applications. The analytical results are verified using a versatile finite element formulation to model the drillstring in greater detail. Animated time domain simulations with this model provide deeper insight into the dynamic behavior of the drillstring. Conclusions on improved drilling practices in extended reach applications - especially with respect to hole cleaning problems - are drawn from the theoretical results.
Image/video spatial scalability in compressed domain (1998)

Image/video compression is widely used in various applications with the advent of the Joint Photographic Expert Group (JPEG), Motion Picture Expert Group (MPEG), and H.261 standards. Hence, most visual data are stored in the compressed format. Spatial scalable encoding of visual data has several applications, including browsing visual databases, querying multimedia databases, interactive multimedia communications, etc. We propose two novel techniques, namely, format compatible (FC) discrete cosine transform (DCT) and format modified (FM) DCT to implement image/video spatial scalability directly in the DCT compressed domain. The FC-DCT technique can be used to manipulate the standard bit streams, such as JPEG, MPEG, etc., while the FM-DCT technique can be employed in a variety of applications which require fast processing. In contrast to the traditional spatial-domain techniques, the compressed-domain techniques remove the unnecessary decompression and recompression procedures, thus, they have the advantages of reduced computational complexity and storage requirements. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed DCT-domain techniques can achieve a comparable performance at a much lower computational complexity compared to the spatial-domain techniques.
Resting membrane potential and action potential of Nitella expansa protoplasts (1980)

Inside negative membrane potentials were observed for protoplasts obtained from Nitella expansa leaf internodal cells in media containing 1 to 100 mM CaCl2 using the microelectrode technique. The potential values were less negative than the membrane potential of intact N. expansa leaf internodal cells. In addition, an action potential consisting of two components—a fast component and a slow component—was induced by electrical stimulation for the protoplasts as well as the intact cells.
Phase tracking with a cognitive Antijam Receiver System (CARS) (2010)

Existing antijam (AJ) and interference mitigation techniques are based on the assumption that the nature of interference is known a-priori. Generally, one or more fixed antijam techniques (FATs) are applied to reduce the impact of the jammer or interferer to a receiver. A more general approach is to apply cognitive radio technology, whereby the receiver's AJ processing and receiver processing adapt to the incoming interference, in an approach known as a Cognitive Antijam Receiver System (CARS). Code and carrier tracking can be quite challenging when the presence of interference is significant. On this paper we will study the problem of carrier and code tracking under these conditions and show how a CARS mitigation approach can benefit overall performance. Tracking jitter will be the primary metric used in this optimization. By analyzing tracking and data demodulation performance in response to an interference signal, we propose an algorithm to select and adapt the receiver parameters as a function of the interferer signal properties. Simulation results show that the CARS approach allows data demodulation and tracking even under severe interference conditions, whereas FATs approaches fail to achieve such performance levels.
MGMT promoter methylation in gliomas-assessment by pyrosequencing and quantitative methylation-specific PCR (2012)

In our opinion, MGMT promoter methylation analysis gives sufficient prognostic information to merit its inclusion in the standard management of patients with high-grade gliomas, and in this study pyrosequencing came across as the better analytical method.
Embedded Power GaN Components inside a PCB for space applications (2022)

This paper presents the embedding of prepackaged GaN-components for an application of power propulsion unit (PPU) for satellite applications. First embedding trials of the packages with only minor preconditioning resulted in massive failure of the modules in reflow-tests. These failures have been analyzed and understood thanks to finite elements simulations.
Confinement of fractional quantum Hall states in narrow conducting channels (2007)

Confinement of small gapped fractional quantum Hall states facilitates quasiparticle manipulation and is an important step toward quasiparticle interference measurements. Demonstrated here is conduction through top gate defined, narrow channels in high density, ultrahigh mobility heterostructures. Transport evidence for the persistence of a correlated state at a filling fraction of 5∕3 is shown in channels of 2μm length but is gated to near 0.3μm in width. The methods employed to achieve this confinement hold promise for interference devices proposed for studying potential non-Abelian statistics at a filling fraction of 5∕2.
Representing and integrating multiple calendars (1997)

Whenever humans refer to time, they do so with respect to a specific underlying calendar. So do most software applications. However, most theoretical models of time refer to time with respect to the integers (or reals). Thus, there is a mismatch between the theory and the application of temporal reasoning. To lessen this gap, we propose a formal, theoretical definition of a calendar and show how one may specify dates, time points, time intervals, as well as sets of time points, in terms of constraints with respect to a given calendar. Furthermore, when multiple applications using different calendars wish to work together, there is a need to integrate those calendars together into a single, unified calendar. We show how this can be done. This work was supported by the Army Research Office under Grants DAAH-04-95-10174 and DAAH-04-96-10297, by ARPA/Rome Labs contract F30602-93-C-0241 (ARPA Order Nr. A716), by an NSF Young Investigator award IRI-93-57756, NSF Grant No. IRI-9423967 and b...
The role of dislocations as nonradiative recombination centers in InGaN quantum wells (2008)

InGaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) were grown on atomically smooth c-GaN templates and identical c-GaN templates etched to reveal hexagonal pits associated with screw dislocations. We found that the room temperature internal quantum efficiency of the MQWs grown on the etched c-GaN templates is a factor of 2 higher than that of the smooth QWs. This finding is accounted for by the fact that the QWs on the nonplanar surfaces are thinner than the c-plane QWs, and thus the carriers are prevented from reaching the dislocations due to the energy barrier around each defect.
Phenols and Polyphenols as Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (2022)

Thousands of phenolic derivatives have been identified in the plant kingdom, which exert crucial roles in plant physiology. Many such derivatives were shown to produce pharmacological effects in humans which address their use in medicine as antiaging, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antiproliferative agents among others. Numerous such pharmacological activities are likely to derive from the inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) isoforms. Phenols, in fact, are able to anchor to the zinc-bound nucleophile present in the enzyme active site, blocking the catalytic action of CAs in humans and/or encoded in various microorganisms. This chapter discusses natural, semisynthetic and synthetic phenol derivatives that exhibited a CA inhibitory action. The discussion over the CA inhibition profiles is categorized as the inhibition of human CAs and inhibition of CAs from microorganisms. Multiple types of inhibition mechanisms by phenolic derivatives are discussed according to X-ray crystallographic resolutions and in silico studies.
Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) variability in asymptomatic never‐smoking men (1998)

We examined the effects from subjects, technicians and spirometers on within-session variability in successful recordings of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) in 4989 asymptomatic never-smoking men. All eligible men aged 30-46 years living in western Norway (n = 45,380) were invited to a cross-sectional community survey. Information on respiratory symptoms, smoking habits and occupational exposures was obtained from a self-administered questionnaire. Three successful FEV1 and FVC recordings were obtained in 26,368 attendants using three dry-wedge bellow spirometers operated by 10 different technicians. Within-subject standard deviation (SD) from three recordings of FEV1 and FVC was on average 102 and 106 ml, respectively, and increased with height (14 and 17 ml, respectively, per 10 cm) and body mass index (BMI) (11 and 14 ml, respectively, per 5 kg m-2). Between-subject SD of the mean of three FEV1 and FVC recordings was 591 and 754 ml, respectively, and increased in groups of increasing height (43 and 40 ml, respectively, per 10 cm). Small, but significant, differences were observed between technicians in within-subject SD and in levels of FEV1 and FVC. Homogeneity of between-subject variability, necessary for linear regression analysis, was obtained using FEV1 and FVC divided by height squared. In conclusion, within-subject variability in three successful spirometric recordings was small, but dependent on height and BMI of the subjects as well as technician performance. The observed heterogeneity in between-subject variation in FEV1 and FVC levels disappeared when each variable was divided by height squared. Novel multiple linear regression equations for FEV1/height2 and FVC/height2 were developed to be used in evaluating the effects from occupational airborne exposures in Nordic men aged 30-46 years.
The DNA unwinding element in a yeast replication origin functions independently of easily unwound sequences present elsewhere on a plasmid (1990)

We have previously identified a DNA unwinding element (DUE) in autonomously replicating sequences (ARSs) and demonstrated a correlation between single-strand-specific nuclease hypersensitivity of the DUE and ARS-mediated plasmid replication in yeast. The DUE in the H4 ARS is the most easily unwound sequence in a supercoiled DNA molecule, in the context of the Ylp5 plasmid. To determine whether sequences which are more readily unwound than the ARS can influence replication activity, we have inserted such sequences, called 'torsional sinks', into the plasmids at a site distal to the ARS. We show that the torsional sink sequences effect reduction or elimination of the nuclease hypersensitivity of a variety of H4 ARS derivatives. However, we detect no difference in the in vivo replication activity of an individual ARS plasmid with or without a torsional sink. Thus, the function of the DUE in a yeast replication origin is unaffected by easily unwound sequences present elsewhere on the same plasmid.
Stimuli-Responsive Water Soluble and Amphiphilic Polymers (2000)

In recent years much interest has been focused on (co)polymer systems that undergo a conformational change or phase transition in response to an external stimulus. The external stimulus can include, but is not limited to, temperature, added electrolyte, changes in pH, light, other molecules or a combination of these. Such (co)polymers are of great scientific and technological importance. They serve as important additives in fields as diverse as water treatment, enhanced oil recovery, controlled drug release, the formulation of water-borne coatings and personal care products. In this chapter we will examine specific examples of water-soluble stimuli-responsive (co)polymer systems.
Ion and Radical Pair Generation in Tribromoacetophenone (1997)

Abstract Investigation of the excited state processes in a bromo acetophenone has been carried out by using time resolved laser spectroscopy techniques. The generation of Br2•− is reported for the first time and supports the primary formation of an ionic and a radical pair.
[P3–051]: COULD COMPLEMENT INHIBITION BE A GOOD THERAPEUTIC TARGET IN ALZHEIMER's DISEASE? (2017)

The complement pathway (CP) is a component of the innate immune system with three key interlocking components – the classical, lectin and alternative pathways. Most elements of the complement system are found in normal brain and many are expressed not only by glial cells but also by neurons. Classical pathway proteins are elevated in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) brain and have been associated with early pathological changes. Biomarker studies in humans point towards perturbation of complement pathways as a correlate of disease. Transgenic mice with Aβ deposits show induction of the complement pathway. However, when crossed with complement deficient models the results are contradictory, with some reports finding beneficial effects for complement components while others find that complement enhances amyloid brain pathology. Hence, understanding whether there is a predominantly protective or pathological role is critical if complement or other immune based therapeutics are to be developed. 14 month old Tg2576 mice were intravenously injected with Mirococept (APT070), an analogue of the human complement regulator CR1. Cryy-Ig, a mouse specific complement receptor related protein-ɤ, was intravenously administered to Tg2576 followed by unilateral intrahippocampal injection since it is non brain penetrant. After the injections mice were perfused, brains collected, sectioned and stained for Aβ, astrocytes and microglia. Our results show that broad complement inhibition is able to reduce amyloid deposition in the brain of aged Tg2576 mice, ameliorating brain amyloid pathology. Similar effects were obtained with both compounds although a greater reduction was found with Crry-Ig. In order to explore the mechanism behind it, we quantified the number of GFAP positive cells. There are no differences in astrocytosis between treatments groups. Currently, we are in the process of quantifying microgliosis in these brains. This pilot project sets up the basis for a rationale towards exploring complement inhibition as a good candidate for therapeutic intervention in the context of neurodegeneration.
Morphologic Aspects of Airways of Patients With Pulmonary Emphysema Followed by Bronchial Asthma-Like Attack (1996)

Morphometric analysis of airways was performed in autopsied lungs from four patients with pulmonary emphysema (PE) followed by bronchial-asthma (BA)-like attacks (Group PE+BA) (four males, 72 +/- 9 yr). The results were compared with those from five pulmonary emphysema patients (Group PE) (five males, age 71 +/- 4 hr), three patients with bronchial asthma (Group BA) (one female and two males, age 65 +/- 7 yr), and four control subjects with no pulmonary diseases (Group Cont) (one female, three males, age 64 +/- 4 yr). The proportion of gland area to bronchial wall (gland%), ratio of goblet-cell occupancy to the total epithelial layer (goblet%), thickness of the basement membrane, amount of intraluminal mucus (mucus occupying ratio; MOR%), and number of various cell types per square millimeter in airway walls in a section 4 microns thick were measured in central (3 to 8 mm diameter) and peripheral airways (2 mm or less diameter). Gland% for the PE+BA group was significantly greater than that for the Cont group, whereas it did not differ significantly from that of the PE or BA groups. Goblet% and thickness of the basement membrane in central and/or peripheral airways in Group PE+BA were significantly greater than those in Group Cont, whereas those in Group PE were similar to those in Group Cont. Although not statistically significant, MOR% in central and peripheral airways from Group PE+BA showed a similar value to that in Group BA, whereas MOR% in Group PE was the same as that in Group Cont. The eosinophil number in peripheral airways walls in Group PE+BA showed a similar value to that in Group BA, which was significantly greater than in Group Cont. Other cells (macrophages, lymphocytes, and neutrophils) showed similar values among Groups PE+BA, PE, and BA. The number of eosinophils in central and/or peripheral airways correlated significantly with both goblet% and BMT, whereas other cells did not. These findings indicate that the airways of Group PE+BA are morphologically similar to those of Group BA, suggesting a combination of pulmonary emphysema with bronchial asthma.
Towards Enabling a Robot to Effectively Assist People in Human-Occupied Environments (2012)

A modification of the method of Carr et al. [1976] for the ultrasonic assessment of liver volume was devised for use with a UI Octoson water delay B mode echoscope, and 32 subjects without clinical history or signs of liver disease were examined. In 9 subjects the measurements were repeated by a separate observer. Comparison of the variance between observers and that between subjects showed that the precision of the method is within acceptable limits, the variance ratio (F) being 13.7 (p less than 0.001). The mean liver volume was 1,545.4 +/- (SD) 255 ml. This finding is in close agreement with previously published data. The liver volume was correlated with body weight, height, body surface area, and body mass index. The liver volume was found to correlate best with body weight using partial correlation analysis. This was in accordance with previously published data, with the exception of that of Koischwitz [1979]. However, variations in weight could only account for 0.43 of the variation in liver volume.
Reporting bias and knowledge acquisition (2013)

Much work in knowledge extraction from text tacitly assumes that the frequency with which people write about actions, outcomes, or properties is a reflection of real-world frequencies or the degree to which a property is characteristic of a class of individuals. In this paper, we question this idea, examining the phenomenon of reporting bias and the challenge it poses for knowledge extraction. We conclude with discussion of approaches to learning commonsense knowledge from text despite this distortion.
Trace Organic Analysis by Gas Chromatography with Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry (2000)

Abstract Gas chromatography (GC) with quadrupole mass spectrometry (MS) is one of the most powerful and widely used analytical techniques. This technology combines the high resolving power of GC with the excellent sensitivity and chemical‐structure‐informing power of quadrupole MS. The combination of these two techniques provides both the selectivity and sensitivity needed for qualitative and quantitative analysis of organic analytes at trace levels in a wide variety of matrices. This article provides an overview of the development and combination of these two technologies. Types of quadrupole mass spectrometers that are commonly coupled to gas chromatographs are discussed. Both electron ionization (EI) and chemical ionization (CI) are reviewed. Sample preparation methods are discussed for air, water, and solids. The different approaches employed for highly volatile and semi‐volatile substances are presented. The use of chemical derivatives to improve sample response and various instrumental analysis considerations are also covered.
Inertial confinement fusion quarterly report, July--September 1994. Volume 4, Number 4 (1994)

The ICF Quarterly continues with six articles in this issue describing recent developments in the Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) Program at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The topics include plasma characterization, production of millimeter scale-length plasmas for studying laser-plasma instabilities, hohlraum physics, three-dimensional hydrodynamic modeling, crystal growth, and laser-beam smoothing.
A novel bocavirus in canine liver (2013)

We genetically characterized a bocavirus in a dog liver that is highly distinct from prior canine bocaviruses found in respiratory and fecal samples. Its role in this animal's complex disease remains to be determined.