gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Safe Intermittent Reinforcement Learning With Static and Dynamic Event Generators (2020)

In this article, we present an intermittent framework for safe reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms. First, we develop a barrier function-based system transformation to impose state constraints while converting the original problem to an unconstrained optimization problem. Second, based on optimal derived policies, two types of intermittent feedback RL algorithms are presented, namely, a static and a dynamic one. We finally leverage an actor/critic structure to solve the problem online while guaranteeing optimality, stability, and safety. Simulation results show the efficacy of the proposed approach.
Continued Fraction Representation Reilluminated in Formulation of Acoustic-Phonon-Induced Magneto-Optical Transition in Semiconductors (2001)

Continued fraction representation is reviewed in magneto-optical transition of electrons in semiconductors interacting with acoustic phonons in the quantum limit. The representation is obtained by utilizing Mori's projectors and is changed into the power series form in the lowest order approximation. The expansion parameter appearing in the transformation is examined with focus on the difference between the piezoelectric scattering and the deformation potential scattering. In the present choice of expansion, the parameter for CdS and GaAs decreases monotonously with temperature, unlike for Ge and Si, for which the parameter is a common constant.
Selection model based on multi-objective evolutionary algorithm for coordinated multi point schemes (2016)

The capacity, coverage and interference problems in the infrastructure deployed by mobile operators are increasing due to exponential growth of subscribers and traffic requirements of the new services. In order to solve these problems, 3GPP proposed the Coordinated Multi Point (CoMP) which is a set of cooperative communication techniques between base stations. In this paper we address the decision problem as a multi-objective optimization problem with the aim of improving the user's quality of experience and the load of all base stations involved. We propose an optimization model as well as an evolutionary algorithm based on the SPEA2 Algorithm, to select the best cooperation technique over the download channel. Through simulation over experimental scenarios, we demonstrate that our proposal provides optimal solutions, while being efficient and scalable.
3D vessel-wall virtual histology of whole-body perfused mice using a novel heavy element stain (2019)

Virtual histology - utilizing high-resolution three-dimensional imaging - is becoming readily available. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) is widely available and is often coupled with x-ray attenuating histological stains that mark specific tissue components for 3D virtual histology. In this study we describe a new tri-element x-ray attenuating stain and perfusion protocol that provides micro-CT contrast of the entire vasculature of an intact mouse. The stain - derived from an established histology stain (Verhoeff's) - is modified to enable perfusion through the vasculature; the attenuating elements of the stain are iodine, aluminum, and iron. After a 30-minute perfusion through the vasculature (10-minute flushing with detergent-containing saline followed by 15-minute perfusion with the stain and a final 5-minute saline flush), animals are scanned using micro-CT. We demonstrate that the new staining protocol enables sharp delineation of the vessel walls in three dimensions over the whole body; corresponding histological analysis verified that the CT stain is localized primarily in the endothelial cells and media of large arteries and the endothelium of smaller vessels, such as the coronaries. The rapid perfusion and scanning protocol ensured that all tissues are available for further analysis via higher resolution CT of smaller sections or traditional histological sectioning.
FLUID CRACKING CATALYST CONTAMINATION - Development of a Contaminant Test (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFLUID CRACKING CATALYST CONTAMINATION - Development of a Contaminant TestJ. J. Rothrock, E. R. Birkhimer, and L. N. LeumCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1957, 49, 2, 272–276Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50566a045https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50566a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views38Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
The Semantic challenges and opportunities in the Human Resources domain (2007)

In the present study, FGV did not explain the impact of birthweight upon the metabolic phenotype in adolescence. This suggests that fetal growth prior to the third trimester or postnatal catch-up growth plays a more important role.
A modulation-wave approach to the structural description of the Nb2Zr x –2O2x+1 (x = 7.1–10.3) solid-solution field (1991)

La decomposition de Fourier de l'affinement structural de Ealy & Bath pour l'une des compositions, Nb 2 Zr 6 O 17 , conduit aux sous-mailles metalliques (Amma, a M ≃5,1, b M ≃4,9, c M ≃5,2 A) et d'oxygene (Pmam, a 0 =[x/(2x+1)], b 0 =b M , c 0 =c M ), avec des expressions specifiques pour les fonctions de modulation decrivant la deviation des deux sous-reseaux par rapport aux sous-mailles parentes correspondantes. Les conditions d'extinction de la solution solide impliquent une symetrie de groupe de superespace de M: Amma: 1S1
Inflammatory stress signaling via NF-kB alters accessible cholesterol to upregulate SREBP2 transcriptional activity in endothelial cells (2022)

There is a growing appreciation that a tight relationship exists between cholesterol homeostasis and immunity in leukocytes; however, this relationship has not been deeply explored in the vascular endothelium. Endothelial cells (ECs) rapidly respond to extrinsic signals, such as tissue damage or microbial infection, by upregulating factors to activate and recruit circulating leukocytes to the site of injury and aberrant activation of ECs leads to inflammatory based diseases, such as multiple sclerosis and atherosclerosis. Here, we studied the role of cholesterol and a key transcription regulator of cholesterol homeostasis, SREBP2, in the EC responses to inflammatory stress. Treatment of primary human ECs with pro-inflammatory cytokines upregulated SREBP2 cleavage and cholesterol biosynthetic gene expression within the late phase of the acute inflammatory response. Furthermore, SREBP2 activation was dependent on NF-κB DNA binding and canonical SCAP-SREBP2 processing. Mechanistically, inflammatory activation of SREBP was mediated by a reduction in accessible cholesterol, leading to heightened sterol sensing and downstream SREBP2 cleavage. Detailed analysis of NF-κB inducible genes that may impact sterol sensing resulted in the identification of a novel <i>RELA</i>-inducible target, <i>STARD10</i>, that mediates accessible cholesterol homeostasis in ECs. Thus, this study provides an in-depth characterization of the relationship between cholesterol homeostasis and the acute inflammatory response in EC.
Effects of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids on proliferation and maturation of human peripheral blood stem cells (1999)

It has been shown that hematopoietic progenitors can be expanded ex vivo in the presence of various cytokine combinations. Glucocorticoids (GC) are involved in the self-renewal of erythroid progenitors in chicken. To see whether GC have a similar effect on hematopoiesis in humans, CD34(+) peripheral blood stem cells were cultured in serum free medium in the presence of a GC, triamcinolone acetonide. However, our results demonstrate an inhibition of both erythroid and granulocyte-macrophage (GM) proliferation and a modification of erythroid colony morphology. Furthermore, RU38486 (Mifepristone), a potent GC antagonist, was unable to reverse the inhibitory effect of triamcinolone acetonide. We also identified and characterized another steroid subfamily, the mineralocorticoid (MC) subfamily, in human PB CD34(+) cells. The MC, aldosterone, significantly enhanced GM colony formation and diminished the erythroid colony number. Neither of effects were inhibited by ZK91587, an antagonist specific to the MC receptor (MCR). In contrast, ZK91587 reversed the stimulatory effect of deoxycorticosterone on GM colony formation. Cytoplasmic staining for MCR was observed in CD34(+) cells incubated with a polyclonal antiserum raised against human MCR. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of the presence of MCR in human PB CD34(+) cells.
ChemInform Abstract: Construction of a Homooxacalix[3]arene‐Based Dimeric Capsule Cross‐Linked by a Pd(II)‐Pyridine Interaction. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Genetic Manipulation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Transfection (2006)

One of the great advantages of embryonic stem (ES) cells over other cell types is their accessibility to genetic manipulation. They can easily undergo genetic modifications while remaining pluripotent, and can be selectively propagated, allowing the clonal expansion of genetically altered cells in culture. Since the first isolation of ES cells in mice, many effective techniques have been developed for gene delivery and manipulation of ES cells. These include transfection, electroporation, and infection protocols, as well as different approaches for inserting, deleting, or changing the expression of genes. These methods proved to be extremely useful in mouse ES cells, for monitoring and directing differentiation, discovering unknown genes and studying their function, and are now being initiated in human ES (hES) cells. This chapter describes the different approaches and methodologies that have been applied for the genetic manipulation of hES cells and their applications. Specifically, two detailed protocols that can be used to generate clones of genetically modified hES cells by transfection will be described, with special emphasis on the important technical details that are required for this purpose.
N2A: a language and software tool for large-scale modeling. (2021)

Abstract not provided.
Influence of Doped Anions on Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) as Hole Conductors for Iodine-Free Solid-State Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (2008)

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) is an excellent hole-conducting polymer able to replace the liquid I(-)/I3(-) redox electrolyte in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). In this work we applied the in situ photoelectropolymerization technique to synthesize PEDOT and carried out a careful analysis of the effect of different doping anions on overall solar cell performance. The anions analyzed in this work are ClO4(-), CF3SO3(-), BF4(-), and TFSI(-). The best solar cell performance was observed when the TFSI(-) anion was used. Photoelectrochemical and impedance studies reveal that the doped anions in the PEDOT hole conductor system have great influences on I-V curves, conductivity, and impedance. The optimization of these parameters allowed us to obtain an iodine-free solid-state DSC with a maximum J(sc) of 5.3 mA/cm2, V(oc) of 750 mV, and a conversion efficiency of 2.85% which is the highest efficiency obtained so far for an iodine-free solid-state DSC using PEDOT as hole-transport material.
Convective and radiative heat transfer in MHD radiant boilers (1981)

A combined convection-gas radiation, two-zone flow model is formulated for study of the heat transfer characteristics of MHD radiant boilers. The radiative contributions of carbon dioxide, water vapor, potassium atoms, and slag particles are included in the formulation, and are determined by solving the radiation transport equation using the Pj approximation. The scattering and absorption cross section of slag particles are calculated from Mie theory. The model is used to analyze the scale-up of heat transfer in radiant boilers with refractory thickness, wall emissivity, and boiler size, under conditions of a gas composition and slag particle spectrum typical of coal-fired MHD combustion. A design procedure is suggested for sizing radiant boilers so as to achieve required heat extraction rate and to provide a flow residence time that is adequate for decomposition of NOX to acceptable levels.
Corrosion/migration study of flip chip underfill and ceramic overcoating (2002)

Temperature, humidity and voltage (bias) represent a well-known combination of stress parameters that activate failure mechanisms and decrease reliability of microelectronic packages. The following work focuses mainly on the impact of such mechanisms on a high volume flip chip package at IBM. This package consists of a silicon flip chip on alumina with C4 enhancement underfill and a package overcoat The test conditions for HAST were 130 C, 85%RH and 5 V, while 85 C, 85% RH and 5 V were used for THB. In order to have a sampling most representative of manufacturing conditions, two IBM manufacturing sites were selected to both build and stress parts. Parts were selected from respective sites at a rate of 6 parts per week over a 6-month period. Results showed that the underfill and overcoating environment postpones the metal migration mechanism far beyond the product life cycle. The study also revealed that the Cr/Cu/Cr conductor lines and the Pb/Sn C4 structures were the regions most susceptible to migration. The acceleration factor of copper conductor migration between HAST and THB was 86 based on a visual inspection at 100X, yielding an activation energy (Ea) of 1.23 eV using the Arrhenius model. It was not possible to calculate the acceleration factor involving Pb/Sn sites, but electrical failures were found in HAST. The failure mechanism was Pb migration between C4 balls and the nearest Cr/Cu/Cr conductor line. It has also been identified that a C4 having a large void will fail earlier due to the bigger diameter. Based on a recent study (S. Peck), the average Ea in the microelectronics packaging industry has evolved from 0.79 eV some 10 years ago to about 0.9 eV today. In light of this, an Ea of 1.23 ev (copper migration) for an application with 50 microns cathode-to-anode is deemed very acceptable.
The LFA‐1/ICAM cell adhesion pathway is involved in tumor‐cell lysis mediated by bispecific monoclonal‐antibody‐targeted T lymphocytes (1994)

We investigated the role of the LFA-1/ICAM, VLA-4/VCAM-1 and CD2/LFA-3 adhesion pathways in the cytolysis of tumor cells mediated by an anti-EGF-R/anti-CD3 bispecific monoclonal antibody (biMAb). The biMAb induced efficient lysis of EGF-R+ tumor cells (A431, HT-29, IGROV-1 and MDA-MB468) by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) cultured in IL-2. Pretreatment of effector cells by anti-LFA-1 alpha (CD11a) and anti-LFA-1 beta (CD18) MAbs significantly inhibited cytolysis of all types of EGF-R+ tumor cells, while anti-CD2 and anti-VLA-4 MAbs were virtually ineffective. We investigated the expression of adhesion-molecule counter-receptors on tumor target cells by indirect immunofluorescence. HT-29, A431 and MDA-MB 468 tumor cells expressed an ICAM-1+2-3- VCAM-1- LFA-3+ phenotype, while IGROV-1 was ICAM-1-2+3- VCAM-1- LFA-3+. Pre-treatment of A431, HT-29 and MDA-MB468 with anti-ICAM-1 MAb inhibited cytolysis, further supporting the functional involvement of the LFA-1/ICAM adhesion pathway in biMAb-targeted tumor-cell lysis. In addition, treatment of target cells with TNF alpha or IFN gamma for 24 hr increased the expression of ICAM-1 in HT-29, A431 and MDA-MB468 (ICAM-2 was induced on IGROV-1) and also enhanced the sensitivity of these target cells to biMAb-targeted cytotoxicity. These data suggest that up-regulation of ICAM-molecule expression by inflammatory cytokines may increase susceptibility of tumor cells to biMAb-targeted lysis. Anti-LFA-1 MAbs did not significantly inhibit the formation of conjugates between biMAb-coated T lymphocytes and tumor cells. Co-aggregation of LFA-1 molecules with biMAb-bound CD3 molecules resulted in a more sustained and prolonged increase in the intracellular concentration of free Ca++ in CD8+ cultured CTL lines. These findings indicate that in T cells targeted by anti-CD3/anti-TAA biMAb LFA-1 may act as a co-receptor molecule which enhances signal transduction through the CD3/TCR complex.
Irradiance analysis for indoor point‐to‐point and quasidiffuse infrared channels (1993)

Abstract This article deals with the calculation of the irradiance produced by an optical system made up of a lens and a nonpunctual optical source with generalized Lambertian profile (cos n ð). This calculus can be applied to predict the size and power distribution of the irradiated area in point‐to‐point and quasidiffuse channels. Theoretical results are in good agreement with experimental measurements. © 1993 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Persistence of the dominant soil phylum Acidobacteria by trace gas scavenging (2015)

The majority of microbial cells in global soils exist in a spectrum of dormant states. However, the metabolic processes that enable them to survive environmental challenges, such as nutrient-limitation, remain to be elucidated. In this work, we demonstrate that energy-starved cultures of Pyrinomonas methylaliphatogenes, an aerobic heterotrophic acidobacterium isolated from New Zealand volcanic soils, persist by scavenging the picomolar concentrations of H2 distributed throughout the atmosphere. Following the transition from exponential to stationary phase due to glucose limitation, the bacterium up-regulates by fourfold the expression of an eight-gene operon encoding an actinobacteria-type H2-uptake [NiFe]-hydrogenase. Whole-cells of the organism consume atmospheric H2 in a first-order kinetic process. Hydrogen oxidation occurred most rapidly under oxic conditions and was weakly associated with the cell membrane. We propose that atmospheric H2 scavenging serves as a mechanism to sustain the respiratory chain of P. methylaliphatogenes when organic electron donors are scarce. As the first observation of H2 oxidation to our knowledge in the Acidobacteria, the second most dominant soil phylum, this work identifies new sinks in the biogeochemical H2 cycle and suggests that trace gas oxidation may be a general mechanism for microbial persistence.
Oxidative stress, advanced glycation end products and residual renal function in the rat model of unilateral ureteral obstruction: effects of phlogenzym and losartan (2010)

Oxidative stress plays a role in the pathogenesis of ureteral obstruction. Methods. We studied parameters of oxidative status, levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and contralateral (CL) kidney function in the rat model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). The effect of Phlogenzym (12 mg/day orally); losartan (20 mg/l in drinking water), and their combination was studied. Results. In placebo-administered UUO rats AGEs and malondialdehyde levels were higher than in the sham operated controls. Function of the CL kidney was slightly impaired, its collagen content and protein/deoxyribonucleic acid ratio (P/DNA) in the glomeruli increased. All treatments prevented the rise in collagen content, P/DNA ratio, and improved CL kidney function. Phlogenzym ameliorated lipid peroxidation and AGE levels. Conclusions. In the model of UUO systemically increased oxidative stress may play a role in development of tubulointerstitial fibrosis and in the functional impairment of the CL kidney. Suppression of the oxidative stress and blockade of angiotensin-1 receptors might mitigate the progression of obstructive uropathy.
Upper crustal resistivity structure of the East Pacific Rise near 13°N (1991)

An active source electromagnetic (EM) sounding has been conducted on the axis of the East Pacific Rise (EPR) at 13° 10′N. 1D inversion and modelling techniques, seeking resistivity as a function of depth, have been applied to 8 Hz amplitude data collected along the ridge crest. Resistivity is seen to increase monotonically between 50 m and 1 km below the seafloor, increasing from ∼1Ωm to around 90Ωm. We observe no intrinsic difference in upper crustal resistivity structure between the rise axis and 100,000 year old crust. Inferred surface porosities of 20% are larger than those recorded in 5.9 my old crust in DSDP hole 504B. Our data do not require, and lack sufficient information for, the reliable inclusion of a conductive termination to the model below 1.2 km.
Synthesis of functionalized poly(1,3‐dioxolane) (1992)

Abstract Classical initiation induces polymerization through cyclic tertiary oxonium ions which are responsible for the formation of an important quantity of cyclic oligomers. The activated monomer mechanism, i.e. polymerization in the presence of a diol, has been successful in the case of some substituted oxiranes such as epichlorohydrine and propylene oxide. It has also been used in the case of cyclic acetals [1,3‐dioxolane (DXL) and 1,3‐dioxepane (DXP)] and allows the preparation of dihydroxylated homopolymers as well as that of triblock copolymers. It was nevertheless shown that transacetalization leads to complications at the onset of the reaction. In order to shed some light on the reactions involved, we used a monoalcohol ‐ methanol ‐ instead of a diol. The products were separated and characterized: a monoadduct (methanol‐DXL) was observed, confirming the occurence of the active monomer mechanism, but dimethoxymethane was also observed, evidence of transacetalization between methanol and DXL. It was shown that fast equilibration takes place between the following compounds: (methanol + DXL), (monoadduct of methanol and DXL), (dimethoxymethane + ethyleneglycol). When p‐isopropenylbenzyl alcohol was used, it was possible to prepare macromonomers, i.e. poly(DXL) chains carrying polymerizable double bonds at their ends. Nevertheless because of the transacetalization reaction described above, a mixture of products was obtained.