gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Significantly enhanced energy storage density for poly(vinylidene fluoride) composites by induced PDA-coated 0.5Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3–0.5(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 nanofibers (2017)

The significantly enhanced energy storage characteristics of 0.5Ba(Zr<sub>0.2</sub>Ti<sub>0.8</sub>)O<sub>3</sub>–0.5(Ba<sub>0.7</sub>Ca<sub>0.3</sub>)TiO<sub>3</sub> nanofibers/PVDF dielectric composites with low doping ratios and large aspect ratio nanofillers.
DEFAULT RISK AND DIVERSIFICATION: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS (2001)

Applying approximate and exact notions of conditional diversification to default risk in a reduced-form model for corporate bonds, we show that the intensity function is the same under the empirical and martingale measure. Despite this invariance, default probabilities are not invariant to the change of measure due to a risk premium adjustment on the state variables underlying the intensity process. Nonetheless, default intensities can be implied from traded bond prices and empirical default probabilities can be computed using these estimated intensities. Surprisingly, we show that this notion of conditional diversification already implicitly appears in empirical work, including the modeling of prepayment risk of mortgage-backed securities. Furthermore, conditional diversification can be seen as a reason for the existence of credit derivatives. Credit risk models are becoming a vital part of the risk management operation of financial institutions. The most direct use of these models is in the quantification of default risk for loan portfolios and other positions with credit risk. Credit risk models are used to estimate default probabilities and recovery rates for individual positions using relevant explanatory variables. For
POST-MITIGATION RADON CONCENTRATIONS IN MINNESOTA HOMES (2008)

Real radon risk reduction requires that mitigation systems maintain low radon concentrations for years. In most states, the actual radon reductions are not known since systematic or representative sampling of post mitigation radon is not routinely done or archived. Uncertainty about the accuracy of post-mitigation screening tests, aging effects on system performance and follow-up testing maintenance plague calculations of the long-term effectiveness of current mitigation techniques. Effectiveness calculations usually assume an average post-mitigation concentration of 2 pCi/L; an assumption that is unconvincing to some public policy makers. To investigate mitigation system performance in Minnesota, 150 homeowners, selected from the clients of six professional mitigators, were sent detectors for one screening test and two long-term tests. These homeowners reported an average pre-mitigation radon concentration of 10.3 pCi/L (380 Bq m-3). Long-term radon concentrations measured during the winter and spring of 2008, six months to 7 years post-mitigation, averaged 0.8 pCi/L. A model calculation suggests that if this kind of effective mitigation were applied across the state, tens of thousands of Minnesotans could be spared lung cancer mortality. The cost per life saved by mitigation would be less than the comparable cost of medical treatment alone.
Automotive Wastes (2010)

A review of the literature published in 2009 on topics relating to automotive wastes is presented. This includes wastes from automotive bodies, tires, and emissions from both the vehicles themselves as well as from the manufacturing industry. Literature published related to potential toxicological and health effects of automotive wastes are also reviewed.
FS02.4 Differential gene expression in allergen‐activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from allergic patients (2004)

Allergic contact dermatitis is a delayed type hypersensitivity reaction mediated by allergen specific T‐lymphocytes. Allergen exposure leads to the activation of specific T‐lymphocytes, which subsequently start to produce and release a vast array of cytokines and chemokines. However, the list of relevant genes taking part in the elicitation phase of contact dermatitis is not complete. In this study, we evaluate the use of the high‐density microarray technology, which enable us to assess the global gene expression in allergen‐stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). We included 3 chromium‐allergic patients and 3 non‐allergic controls in the study. Cultures of PBMC were established from each participant and stimulated with 100 ug/ul CrCl3 or media alone. The cell cultures were grown for 24 hours and the gene expression was analysed using an Affymetrix GeneChip(R) Array. Of the genes that exhibited differences of expression (p &lt; 0.01) in allergen‐activated PBMC from patients compared to controls, 54%(159/294) displayed increased activity and 46%(136/294) displayed decreased activity. Of the 159 up‐regulated genes, 41 genes had a fold change above 1.50 and 30 genes among the 136 down‐regulated genes had a fold change below ‐1.5. A significant number of the genes that showed differential expression in the cell cultures established from the allergic patients are known to be involved in immune responses and inflammation. The data indicates that the method of microarrays is a valuable tool for investigating the gene expression profile in our model system for allergic contact dermatitis.
Simulations de Boltzmann sur réseau dans une configuration de cascade rectiligne pour l'évaluation et la réduction du bruit d'interaction turbulences-profil par des ondulations de bord d'attaque (2021)

International audience
Characterization of tar products from rapid pyrolysis of bituminous coals. Sixth quarterly progress report, January-March 1983 (1983)

Differences between the molecular weight distributions of tars and coal extracts leads to the conclusion that mass transfer limitations exist under all pyrolysis conditions studied. Only at the limit of vacuum and high temperature does the tar which is evolved begin to be representative of the extractable material left behind. This is evidence of an evaporation rate controlled escape of tar. Tar-precursor formation apparently continues until late during the pyrolysis process. The role of mass transfer limitations becomes more pronounced at higher temperatures, where rates of tar escape most likely become comparable to rates of tar precursor repolymerization. The implication in terms of modeling pyrolysis is that at least three rate processes are important in tar evolution-metaplast formation, metaplast repolymerization and tar evaporation. These conclusions are consistent with an earlier model of softening coal pyrolysis. What remains poorly understood is the possible role of internal mass transfer limitations. It has been previously shown that there is remarkably little temperature dependence exhibited by the molecular weight distributions of the evolved tars, and it was noted that such behavior is similar to that exhibited by evaporating, non-reacting multicomponent liquid droplets, in situations where liquid phase diffusion controls. This analogy is based onmore » the fact that a softened coal particle is physically quite similar to a very low volatility liquid droplet. Simple order of magnitude analyses also suggest that internal transport limitations should be significant under vacuum pyrolysis conditions.« less
Surface plasmon-induced absorption enhancement of silicon nanowire array (2012)

We have investigated optical characteristics of silicon nanowire (Si NW) on Al disk arrays using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations. Without the Al disk, the Si NW arrays alone exhibit strong absorption peaks, originated from guided mode resonance. The arrays of SiNW with Al disk possess additional broad peaks, at slightly larger wavelengths than those of the resonant guided mode peaks. The FDTD simulations show formation of concentrated electromagnetic field at the Si NW/Al interface, indicating excitation of localized surface plasmons. These results suggest that bottom-contact electrodes can work as means to enhance the optical absorption of the Si NWs as well as to collect carriers in Si NW-based optoelectronic devices.
Dynamics of the Content of Lactobacilli, Microbial Metabolites and Antimicrobial Activity of Growing Culture of Lactobacillus Plantarum 8P-A3 (2014)

The dynamics of the content of lactobacilli, microbial metabolites and antimicrobial activity of growing cultures of Lactobacillus plantarum 8Р-А3 was studied. Lactobacilli L. plantarum 8Р-А3 and test microorganisms isolated from the intestinal contents of patients with dysbacteriosis were used in experiments. Study of the component composition of growing culture supernatant of lactobacilli was carried out by gas liquid chromatography with mass selective detection. By 54 h of cultivation the content of viable microbial cells in the native culture of Lactobacillus achieves 3,0·109 in 1 mL without further increase during the cultivation. The principal component of lactobacilli culture medium possessing antibacterial activity is lactic acid. In addition to lactic acid, which accounts for 70% of the total metabolites, the culture medium and the supernatant contain salts of phosphoric acid (14%) as well as amino acids, carboxylic acids, fatty acids, sugars and polyhydric alcohol constituting of up to 16% of the total metabolites. It is found that during the cultivation in liquid medium lactobacilli produce metabolites which possess antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria that cause intestinal infections.
Light Minireview Series (2001)

Light as an energy source in photosynthesis was recognized by the end of the 18th century with observations reported by Joseph Priestly that plants exhibit light-dependent evolution of oxygen. Theodore de Saussure, in a remarkably insightful use of Lavoisier's law of conservation of mass, argued that the sum of the mass produced by plants as organic matter, including the oxygen evolved, was more than the weight of the CO2 consumed. He concluded that water too must be included in the equation of photosynthetic carbon fixation.
Corrosion Behavior of Waste Package and Drip Shield Materials (2004)

The susceptibility to various forms of corrosion that could be experienced by the alloys considered by the U.S. Department of Energy for the waste package and drip shield, the principal components of the engineered barrier system for the proposed repository at Yucca Mountain, is evaluated on the basis of experimental studies conducted at the Center for Nuclear Waste Regulatory Analyses. Environmental, metallurgical, and mechanical conditions for the occurrence of uniform corrosion, localized corrosion, and environmentally assisted cracking of Alloy 22 (58Ni–22Cr–13Mo–3W–4Fe), the preferred material for the outer container, and Titanium-Grade 7 (Ti–0.15 Pd), the alloy proposed for the drip shield, are reported.
Butyrate production in phylogenetically diverse Firmicutes isolated from the chicken caecum (2011)

Sixteen butyrate-producing bacteria were isolated from the caecal content of chickens and analysed phylogenetically. They did not represent a coherent phylogenetic group, but were allied to four different lineages in the Firmicutes phylum. Fourteen strains appeared to represent novel species, based on a level of ≤ 98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity towards their nearest validly named neighbours. The highest butyrate concentrations were produced by the strains belonging to clostridial clusters IV and XIVa, clusters which are predominant in the chicken caecal microbiota. In only one of the 16 strains tested, the butyrate kinase operon could be amplified, while the butyryl-CoA:acetate CoA-transferase gene was detected in eight strains belonging to clostridial clusters IV, XIVa and XIVb. None of the clostridial cluster XVI isolates carried this gene based on degenerate PCR analyses. However, another CoA-transferase gene more similar to propionate CoA-transferase was detected in the majority of the clostridial cluster XVI isolates. Since this gene is located directly downstream of the remaining butyrate pathway genes in several human cluster XVI bacteria, it may be involved in butyrate formation in these bacteria. The present study indicates that butyrate producers related to cluster XVI may play a more important role in the chicken gut than in the human gut.
Online Privacy and Price Discrimination (2010)

When a firm is able to recognize its previous customers, it may use information about their purchase histories to price discriminate. We analyze a model with a monopolist and a continuum of heterogeneous consumers, where consumers are able to maintain their anonymity and avoid being identified as past customers, possibly at an (exogenous) cost. When consumers can costlessly maintain their anonymity, they all individually choose to do so, which paradoxically results in the highest profit for the firm. Increasing the cost of anonymity can benefit consumers, but only up to a point, after which the effect is reversed.
A monoclonal antibody which discriminates between sub-types of astrocytoma. (1992)

A monoclonal antibody, M2, was produced by somatic cell hybridisation of splenocytes, from mice immunised with human fetal brain, with the murine myeloma cell line NS-1. Indirect immuno-peroxidase staining of formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded tissue sections showed that, whilst the monoclonal antibody gave a positive reaction with 32/39 astrocytomas from adult patients and 33/36 of children's astrocytomas of the adult histological type, only 17/39 of juvenile astrocytomas were stained. A Chi-squared test showed that the difference in staining between the two groups (adult versus juvenile) was highly significant (p less than 0.0001). In contrast, using a polyclonal antiserum to GFAP, a significantly larger proportion of juvenile astrocytomas than adult astrocytomas stained positively (p less than 0.05). Thus, whereas the distribution of GFAP accorded with the general finding that the degree of malignancy of a tumour correlates with the loss of cell type specific markers, the distribution of M2 reactivity was similar to that of some oncogene products which increase with malignancy. From the flow cytometry data it is apparent that the antigen recognised by M2 is not cell cycle dependent.
MLS Spectroscopy for broadband high speed single cell analysis (2006)

This injury constellation is rare. Open reduction and internal fixation of the displaced femoral neck fracture should be the primary focus of orthopedic management, followed by stable reduction and fixation of displaced distal femoral articular injuries. The diaphyseal fracture should be treated with a technique that does not jeopardize either the proximal or the distal fractures. Patients who are critically ill can be managed in a similar sequence over the course of several days, depending on their overall condition.
Novel perspectives on diagnosis and clinical significance of the post-thrombotic syndrome in children (2016)

This paper reviews the current evidence to elucidate the risk factors for PTS in children, methods for diagnosis and management of PTS in children (aged less than 18 years). Medline, Cinahl and PsycINFO database searches were undertaken using key search terms. Priority areas in need of further research are highlighted. Expert commentary: The two paediatric PTS assessment tools currently in use have been acknowledged to overcall the incidence of mild PTS in children. A PTS tool's ability to distinguish between clinically significant PTS and mild PTS is crucial. Variation in how PTS has been reported in children across the literature suggests that the real incidence of moderate and /or clinically significant PTS in children is unknown. Furthermore, evidence is lacking about the functional impairment experienced by children with clinically significant PTS and what this means for their long-term health.
Impaired wound healing after radiation therapy: A systematic review of pathogenesis and treatment (2017)

Radiotherapy is a common cancer treatment, but often results in unintended injury to overlying skin and contributes to poor wound healing. The mechanisms underlying these changes are complex, and existing treatment is limited. We aimed to systematically review the literature on the pathogenesis, management, and experimental treatment of delayed wound healing following radiation therapy. A literature search was performed following PRISMA-P guidelines. PubMed and the Cochrane Library were queried for full-text English articles published up to 2016 by using key search terms including “radiotherapy” and “wound healing.” Additional resources were retrieved from reference lists. The selected articles discussed mechanisms of pathogenesis, current management, and experimental treatment of radiation-induced skin injury. These are reported as a qualitative synthesis of the literature from the authors' perspective. The literature search yielded 442 articles, of which 93 were included in this review. Ionizing radiation causes DNA damage by direct strand breaks and oxygen-derived free radicals. This insult results in cellular alterations that underlie mechanisms of delayed wound healing. Prominent theories underlying pathogenesis include cellular depletion, stromal cell dysfunction, aberrant collagen deposition, and microvascular damage. Pro-inflammatory cytokines and free radical cascades contribute to chronic radiation damage, with transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) implicated as a key player in the process of fibrosis. At present, radiation injury is managed medically with conventional wound care with minimal success and limited evidence-based data. Surgical management with local or free flap transfer is often compromised by poor surrounding tissue and recipient vasculature. Experimental treatment models are emerging that target mechanisms of pathogenesis. These modalities include stem cell repletion, antioxidant therapy, TGF-β1 modulation, and implantable biomaterials. Pathogenesis of delayed wound healing and fibrosis following radiotherapy is a complex, interdependent process involving cellular depletion, extracellular matrix changes, microvascular damage, and altered pro-inflammatory mediators. Current treatment is limited, and more Level I studies are needed to develop best-practice recommendations. Investigatory treatment options targeting specific mechanisms of injury may offer potential solutions to this significant clinical and surgical problem.
Molecular Determinants ofNef Function (1997)

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the causative agent of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), in addition to encoding for the gag, pot and env structural genes common to all retroviruses also encodes six accessory genes: tat, rev, nef rpr, vpu and vif These accessory genes are responsible for the regulation of HIV replication. Recent advances in our understanding of the function(s) of these genes have illustrated the complex interplay between HIV, the infected cell and the host. In addition, identification of cellular proteins interacting with accessory gene products have provided new tools to study cellular processes. The topic of this review, nef, has been shown in vitro to induce the cell surface downregulation of CD4, the receptor for HIV. to enhance the infectivity of HIV particles and to associate with at least one cellular serine/threonine kinase. In vivo, Nef is essential for the efficient virus replication responsible for disease progression. In this review, several prominent aspects of Nef function are discussed including its effect on CD4 trafficking, on signaling pathways and on virus infectivity enhancement.
HrpZPsph from the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola binds to lipid bilayers and forms an ion-conducting pore invitro (2000)

The hrp gene clusters of plant pathogenic bacteria control pathogenicity on their host plants and ability to elicit the hypersensitive reaction in resistant plants. Some hrp gene products constitute elements of the type III secretion system, by which effector proteins are exported and delivered into plant cells. Here, we show that the hrpZ gene product from the bean halo-blight pathogen, Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola (HrpZ(Psph)), is secreted in an hrp-dependent manner in P. syringae pv. phaseolicola and exported by the type III secretion system in the mammalian pathogen Yersinia enterocolitica. HrpZ(Psph) was found to associate stably with liposomes and synthetic bilayer membranes. Under symmetric ionic conditions, addition of 2 nM of purified recombinant HrpZ(Psph) to the cis compartment of planar lipid bilayers provoked an ion current with a large unitary conductivity of 207 pS. HrpZ(Psph)-related proteins from P. syringae pv. tomato or syringae triggered ion currents similar to those stimulated by HrpZ(Psph). The HrpZ(Psph)-mediated ion-conducting pore was permeable for cations but did not mediate fluxes of Cl-. Such pore-forming activity may allow nutrient release and/or delivery of virulence factors during bacterial colonization of host plants.
Nonradioactive Labeling of Polymerase Chain Reaction Products (2003)

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was originally introduced to amplify in vitro particular DNA sequences by the application of temperature cycles (1). In a modification, RNA molecules also may serve as templates by an additional reverse transcription step converting RNA in complementary DNA sequences (2).
Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms and HLA DRB1*04 Cosegregation in Saudi Type 2 Diabetes Patients (2012)

The vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene has been involved in the modulation of susceptibility to inflammatory and autoimmune conditions, and could play a role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Susceptibility to T2DM was recently also suggested to associate with HLA alleles. We evaluated possible correlations between VDR polymorphisms, HLA alleles, and risk for development of T2DM by analyzing 627 individuals (368 T2DM patients and 259 healthy control subjects) part of a well-characterized cohort followed in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Genomic DNA was genotyped for the VDR gene single nucleotide polymorphisms of Fok-1, Taq-1, ApaI, and Bsm-I. Analyses were run by allelic discrimination real-time PCR. HLA genotyping was performed as well by PCR using sequence-specific primers, whereas cytokine production was evaluated by FACS. Results showed T2DM to be significantly associated with the VDR Taq1 (rs731236-AG) and Bsm-I (rs1544410-CT) genotypes, and the VDR rs1544410-T allele. Cosegregations resulting in significant increases of T2DM odds ratio were detected between Taq1 and Bsm-I VDR polymorphisms and HLA DRB1*04. Notably, the VDR polymorphisms observed to be more frequent in T2DM patients correlated with increased VDR expression and IL-12 production, as well as with metabolic parameters of susceptibility to T2DM, including serum cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein levels. VDR polymorphisms are present in T2DM, and correlate with HLA DRB1*04 and with immunologic and metabolic parameters; results from this study add T2DM to the list of diseases that are likely modulated by an HLA/VDR interaction.