gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ideal current patterns yielding optimal signal‐to‐noise ratio and specific absorption rate in magnetic resonance imaging: Computational methods and physical insights (2011)

At high and ultra-high magnetic field strengths, understanding interactions between tissues and the electromagnetic fields generated by radiofrequency coils becomes crucial for safe and effective coil design as well as for insight into limits of performance. In this work, we present a rigorous electrodynamic modeling framework, using dyadic Green's functions, to derive the electromagnetic field in homogeneous spherical and cylindrical samples resulting from arbitrary surface currents in the presence or absence of a surrounding radiofrequency shield. We show how to calculate ideal current patterns that result in the highest possible signal-to-noise ratio (ultimate intrinsic signal-to-noise ratio) or the lowest possible radiofrequency power deposition (ultimate intrinsic specific absorption rate) compatible with electrodynamic principles. We identify familiar coil designs within optimal current patterns at low to moderate field strength, thereby establishing and explaining graphically the near-optimality of traditional surface and volume quadrature designs. We also document the emergence of less familiar patterns, e.g., involving substantial electric--as well as magnetic-dipole contributions, at high field strength. Performance comparisons with particular coil array configurations demonstrate that optimal performance may be approached with finite arrays if ideal current patterns are used as a guide for coil design.
ChemInform Abstract: STRUCTURE OF CARZINOPHILIN. 3. STRUCTURE ELUCIDATION BY NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY. 1 (1984)

Abstract Die Struktur von Carzinophilin wird zu (Ia) umerkannt durch Abbaureaktionen und NMR.
Small Ca2<sup>+</sup>-Activated Potassium Channels in Human Leukemic T Cells and Activated Human Peripheral Blood T Lymphocytes (1997)

In human T lymphocytes patch-clamp experiments have revealed the expression of two major subtypes of SK channels. In excitable cells these channel types play significant roles in shaping excitablility as well as firing patterns especially since their open probability is regulated by the intracellular second messenger Ca2+. In nonexcitable T cells, SK channels could hyperpolarize the membrane during the rise in [Ca2+]i elicited via T-cell receptor stimulation. This hyperpolarization in turn could contribute to enhanced Ca2+ entry by increasing the driving force for Ca2+ to enter the cell [see also Verheugen, this issue] via Icrac· This scenario plays an increasingly significant role in already activated T cells due to the up-regulated number of SK channels in activated human peripheral T lymphocytes. We have used whole-cell recording to determine the electrophysiological properties of current through SKAPA channels in Jurkat T cells and through SKctx channels in activated HPB T lymphocytes. The main similarities between the two channel types are their Ca2+ sensitivity and voltage dependence. The SK channel activity depends steeply on [Ca2+]i, suggesting that multiple Ca2+ must bind to the channel or an associated molecule in order to open the pore. The Ca2+ concentration at which half the channels are activated is Ì° 400-450 nM and the activity of both channel types is voltage-independent. The major difference between the two channel types is their pharmacology regarding peptide toxins like apamin, scyllatoxin, charybdotoxin, as well as other blockers like TEA+. SKcTX and SKapa channels show minor differences in Ba2+ sensitivity, induction time course, selectivity, and single-channel conductance. All these properties together should allow a better distinction between these two different types of SK channels in lymphocytes with the ultimate goal to identify the genes encoding these channels.
Effect of Care Guided by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, Myocardial Perfusion Scintigraphy, or NICE Guidelines on Subsequent Unnecessary Angiography Rates (2016)

Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01664858.
Drug delivery goes supercritical (2005)

In the field of drug delivery, the ability to control the size, morphology, and release of drug particles is fundamental to good targeting, but is often hampered by harsh processing conditions or inadequate methods; likewise for the processing of polymeric controlled-release systems. However, the use of supercritical fluids such as supercritical CO2 (scCO2) has provided a ‘clean’ and effective alternative to traditional methods of drug and polymer processing. In particular, scCO2 has a number of unique properties that make it possible to process both bioactive molecules and amorphous polymers without using toxic organic solvents or elevated temperatures. Here, we review the positive impact that supercritical fluids have had on the micronization, encapsulation, and impregnation of molecules of interest to both the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries.
Decentralized Resource Allocation-Based Multiagent Deep Learning in Vehicular Network (2022)

Resource allocation (RA) has a significant impact on vehicular network performance. With high mobility, RA is more challenging, as the number of vehicles in close proximity changes dynamically in the nonstationary environment. In this article, we propose a multiagent double deep Q-networks scheme to stabilize the system and maximize the sum-capacity of the vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) links, while satisfying the reliability and delay constraints for vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) links. To avoid interference caused by unstable V2V links, a transmission mode selection is considered in the scheme design. In addition, we introduce a binarized weight algorithm to accelerate the deep neural network learning process and, therefore, improve the computational complexity of our scheme. Through extensive simulations and complexity analysis, we demonstrate that the proposed scheme yields excellent performance in terms of the sum-rate and probability rate of V2I and V2V communication modes. We also compare the proposed scheme with binarized weights with other algorithms in terms of accuracy evaluation.
Parallelizing Optimal Multiple Sequence Alignment by Dynamic Programming (2008)

Optimal multiple sequence alignment by dynamic programming, like many highly dimensional scientific computing problems, has failed to benefit from the improvements in computing performance brought about by multi-processor systems, due to the lack of suitable scheme to manage partitioning and dependencies. A scheme for parallel implementation of the dynamic programming multiple sequence alignment is presented, based on a peer to peer design and a multidimensional array indexing method. This design results in up to 5-fold improvement compared to a previously described master/slave design, and scales favourably with the number of processors used. This study demonstrates an approach for parallelising multi-dimensional dynamic programming and similar algorithms utilizing multi-processor architectures.
Improved Phos‐tag SDS‐PAGE under neutral pH conditions for advanced protein phosphorylation profiling (2010)

We describe an improved Phos-tag SDS-PAGE (Zn(2+)-Phos-tag SDS-PAGE) using a dizinc(II) complex of Phos-tag acrylamide in conjunction with a Bis-tris-buffered neutral-pH gel system to detect shifts in the mobility of phosphoproteins. An existing technique (Mn(2+)-Phos-tag SDS-PAGE) using a polyacrylamide-bound Mn(2+)-Phos-tag and a conventional Laemmli's buffer system under alkaline pH conditions has limitations for separating certain phosphoproteins. The major improvements were demonstrated by visualizing novel up-shifted bands of commercially available pepsin, recombinant Tau treated in vitro with tyrosine kinases, and endogeneous β-catenin in whole-cell lysates. Additionally, the Zn(2+)-Phos-tag SDS-PAGE gels showed better long-term stability than the Mn(2+)-Phos-tag SDS-PAGE gels. We can therefore provide a simple, convenient, and more reliable homemade gel system for phosphate-affinity SDS-PAGE.
Impact of morphology on high-speed humidity sensor performance (2006)

Capacitive-based humidity sensors were fabricated using unique nanostructured aluminum-oxide thin films. These sensors exhibited extremely fast desorption response times as short as 42 ms. In this paper, we present the effects of varying the thin-film porosity on sensor performance. Specifically, we look at the capacitive response and the desorption response time of the sensors. It was found that increased porosity tends to decrease the desorption response time and increase the relative humidity where the devices become sensitive.
Gamma-Knife-Based Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Uveal Melanoma (2007)

Nineteen patients with uveal melanoma were treated with Gamma-Knife-based stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). The radiation dose was 40 Gy prescribed to the 50% isodose line for all patients. The median follow-up was 40 months. The 3- and 5-year overall survival rates were 86 and 55%, respectively. The 3- and 5-year tumor control rates were both 94%. Six of the 19 treated patients (32%) developed distant metastasis 31-75 months after SRS. Out of the 19 patients treated with SRS, 2 had improved, 4 had stable and 13 had worse vision in the treated eye. Gamma-Knife-based SRS appears to provide excellent local control of uveal melanoma. The risk of distant metastasis is significant. Effective systemic therapy is to be explored to improve the treatment outcome of uveal melanoma.
Huntingtin Overexpression Does Not Alter Overall Survival in Murine Cancer Models (2022)

A reduced incidence of various forms of cancer has been reported in Huntington's disease patients and may be due to pro-apoptotic effects of mutant huntingtin. We tested this hypothesis by assessing the effects of huntingtin protein overexpression on survival in two murine cancer models. We generated YAC HD mice containing human huntingtin transgenes with various CAG tract lengths (YAC18, YAC72, YAC128) on either an Msh2 or p53 null background which have increased cancer incidence. In both mouse models of cancer, the overexpression of either mutant or wild-type huntingtin had no significant effect on overall survival. These results do not support the hypothesis that mutant huntingtin expression is protective against cancer.
Wisdom About Tomorrow (1960)

That a new richesse of comparative material is offered by Walter Bauer's fifth edition of his celebrated Wörterbuch (Berlin, 1958) is exemplified by his article on αὔριον. He notes that Epictetus too rejects care περὶ τῆς αὔριον. Indeed a sentence in Epictetus I.9.8 (καὶ πόθεν ϕάγω, ϕησίν, μηδὲν ἔχων) is in one respect an obvious parallel to Matthew vi.25 (μὴ μεριμνᾶτε τῇ ψυχῇ ὑμῶν, τί ϕάγητε ἢ τί πίητε.). Bauer cites an interesting instance of a Pythagorean exhortation which, in a manner exactly opposite to the injunction of Matthew vi.34, advises one to be constantly thinking of the morrow: διδάσκει ἀεί τι τοῦ παρόντος εἰς τὸ μέλλον καταλιπεῖν, καὶ τῆς αὔριον ἐν τῇ σήμερον μνημονεύειν.
Characterizing an S-band marine radar receiver in the presence of interference (2012)

Characterizing the effects that out-of-band interference has on the performance of an S-band marine radar receiver's IF output normally requires non-linear network analysis. We have developed a non-linear network analyzer from commonly available laboratory instruments. Our automated system operates over a broad range of interferer frequencies and power levels. It enables the collection of the data required for an extensive analysis of a radar receiver's AM-AM and AM-PM performance in the presence of interference. With this data, engineers can begin to make recommendations on protecting these radars from potential interference.
ARMADA: Autorotation, Feasible Alternative to Traditional Martian Entry, Descent and Landing (2009)

The Entry, Descent and Landing System (EDLS) is one of the main system drivers for an interplanetary mission aiming at landing a payload on a planetary surface. The ultimate goal is to land safely the payload into the planet surface. Towards that end, different constraints must be fulfilled in order to achieve a successful landing. In the frame of an ESA's GSP study, GMV, in collaboration with the University of Bologna and EADS-Astrium, is carrying out a 18 months project whose main objective is to assess the feasibility of using an autorotation system, named ARMADA, as a component of the entry, descent and landing system. Even though Mars is assumed as the main planetary target, a preliminary assessment for landing on Venus or Titan is also made. ARMADA replaces all deceleration systems for the DM (parachutes, airbags, and retrorockets) except for the heat shield. In consequence, the Entry, Descent and Landing scenarios used for past missions cannot be applied to ARMADA directly, but have to serve as a starting point for deriving a mission scenario suitable for an autorotation landing. For the scope of this project the ARMADA reference scenario is primarily based on an Exomars scenario. Eventually, the study aims at assessing the performance of the ARMADA concept with respect to flight proven, traditional EDL systems. To that end, a set of criteria relevant to the EDLS performance has been derived. A systematic survey/identification of potential ARMADA concepts has been carried out. This identification has been followed by an assessment of the suitability of each concept for the reference scenario and a trade-off analysis that concluded with a proposal on the best-estimated concept and a backup option. A performance database (EDLPD) and an integrated parametric design tool (IPDT) for the main concept, including all the required models, have been developed. Both provide the theoretical justification and simulation of the selected autorotation concept, as well as help in the identification of the optimum configuration. This paper intends to offer an overview of the project, starting by the system concepts trade-off, followed by the description of the EDLPD&IDPT, and summarizing the optimum configurations according to the Technology Readiness Level (TRL) timeline, together with the steps that led to them.
Towards Supporting Psychologically Plausible Variability in Agent-Based Human Modelling (2004)

We describe the initial steps in developing an agent-based cognitive architecture designed to support psychologically plausible human variability. The new architecture, COJACK, is based on JACK, a BDI-based agent language. It will constrain the agents to reason and act in a psychologically plausible manner. Their information processing will be adjusted by a set of parameters that moderate the agentýs reasoning and actions, combined with a set of guidelines for developing plans and beliefs for the agents. This set of parameters will also support varying the agentsý performance, both in terms of differences across agents as well as differences that arise within an individual due to internal and external factors. We conclude that other architectures will want to include a similar set, including representing a body, its interaction with the environment, and the passage of time.
Antithymocyte globulin treatment for patients with recent-onset type 1 diabetes: 12-month results of a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial. (2013)

BackgroundType 1 diabetes results from T-cell-mediated destruction of β cells. Findings from preclinical studies and pilot clinical trials suggest that antithymocyte globulin (ATG) might be effective for reducing this autoimmune response. We assessed the safety and efficacy of rabbit ATG in preserving islet function in participants with recent-onset type 1 diabetes, and report here our 12-month results.MethodsFor this phase 2, randomised, placebo-controlled, clinical trial, we enrolled patients with recent-onset type 1 diabetes, aged 12-35 years, and with a peak C-peptide of 0.4 nM or greater on mixed meal tolerance test from 11 sites in the USA. We used a computer generated randomisation sequence to randomly assign patients (2:1, with permuted-blocks of size three or six and stratified by study site) to receive either 6.5 mg/kg ATG or placebo over a course of four days. All participants were masked and initially managed by an unmasked drug management team, which managed all aspects of the study until month 3. Thereafter, to maintain masking for diabetes management throughout the remainder of the study, participants received diabetes management from an independent, masked study physician and nurse educator. The primary endpoint was the baseline-adjusted change in 2-h area under the curve C-peptide response to mixed meal tolerance test from baseline to 12 months. Analyses were by intention to treat. This is a planned interim analysis of an on-going trial that will run for 24 months of follow-up. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00515099.FindingsBetween Sept 10, 2007, and June 1, 2011, we screened 154 individuals, randomly allocating 38 to ATG and 20 to placebo. We recorded no between-group difference in the primary endpoint: participants in the ATG group had a mean change in C-peptide area under the curve of -0.195 pmol/mL (95% CI -0.292 to -0.098) and those in the placebo group had a mean change of -0.239 pmol/mL (-0.361 to -0.118) in the placebo group (p=0.591). All except one participant in the ATG group had both cytokine release syndrome and serum sickness, which was associated with a transient rise in interleukin-6 and acute-phase proteins. Acute T cell depletion occurred in the ATG group, with slow reconstitution over 12 months. However, effector memory T cells were not depleted, and the ratio of regulatory to effector memory T cells declined in the first 6 months and stabilised thereafter. ATG-treated patients had 159 grade 3-4 adverse events, many associated with T-cell depletion, compared with 13 in the placebo group, but we detected no between-group difference in incidence of infectious diseases.InterpretationOur findings suggest that a brief course of ATG does not result in preservation of β-cell function 12 months later in patients with new-onset type 1 diabetes. Generalised T-cell depletion in the absence of specific depletion of effector memory T cells and preservation of regulatory T cells seems to be an ineffective treatment for type 1 diabetes.
[The treatment of headache]. (1984)

In symptomatic headache treatment is directed against the underlying disease. If this is impossible, its pathogenesis may still respond to treatment such as dexamethasone in inoperable brain tumor, simple psychotherapy in reactive emotional disorder due to intractability of the underlying disease, or migraine management where symptomatic headache is succeeded by migraine, as in posttraumatic headache. Primary headache-migraine, cluster headache, and cephalaea vasomotoria ("tension headache") require positive identification of the syndrome but this does not lead directly to proper treatment; assessment of severity and, where feasible, of the psychological situation is needed. The means are available to influence some of the mechanisms apparent in primary headache both by non-drug and by drug treatment, but the choice must allow for the fact that these methods are not specific but only a little more effective than placebo. Drug abuse is the principal danger in headache problems. It can be treated by tracking down the offending drug under cover of interval medication or, failing this, by abrupt withdrawal in a neurology ward followed by a period of several weeks' exile from the usual daily demands. A short description of drugs used in primary headache is given.
Tuning of Graphene Properties via Controlled Exposure to Electron Beams (2010)

The controlled modification of graphene properties is essential for its proposed electronic applications. Here, we describe a possibility of tuning electrical properties of graphene via electron-beam (e-beam) irradiation. We show that by controlling the irradiation dose one can change the carrier mobility and increase the resistance at the minimum conduction point in the single layer graphene. The bilayer graphene is less susceptible to the e-beam irradiation. The modification of graphene properties via irradiation can be monitored and quantified by the changes in the disorder D peak in Raman spectrum of graphene. The obtained results may lead to a new method of defect engineering of graphene physical properties. They are also important implications for fabrication of graphene nanodevices, which involve scanning electron microscopy and e-beam lithography.
Raman Imaging of Lignocellulosic Feedstock (2013)

The main structural plant cell wall polymers cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin rank amongst the most abundant biopolymers in Earth’s carbon cycle. These three polymers form the lignocellulose complex and constitute the bulk of the cell wall with 40-50%, 10-40% and 5-30% of biomass by weight, respectively [1, 2]. Its highly ordered structure of cellulose microfibril aggregates, embedded in a matrix of hemicelluloses and lignin, provides the basis for its mechanical strength [3] and for the resistance to microbial attack [4], to which also low molecular mass extractives contribute [5]. Lignified cell walls are therefore a remarkably durable material. In nature, only higher fungi have developed biochemical systems to degrade the lignocellulose complex and perform the conversion and mineralisation of wood to carbon dioxide and water. Extensive reviews on decay pattern, chemistry and biochemistry of microbial wood degradation are available [4, 6, 7]. The natural processes occurring during fungal wood degradation may be utilised for industrial purposes and have a great potential for cellulose-producing and wood-processing industries as well as for high value-added conversion of lignocellulosic waste materials in Biorefineries. Particularly the molecular mechanisms of selective white-rot fungi offer a series of applications in the field of biotechnology of renewable resources [8].
Novel, gain-flattenedL-band EDFA with ASE utilization with >40 nm 3 dB bandwidth (2001)

A simple gain-flattened L-band erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) is demonstrated, utilizing unwanted C-band amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) to enhance L-band gain performance. An L-band flat gain range of 50 nm (1560–1610 nm) is achieved for use in wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) transmission systems. Gain flatness with a 3 dB gain discrepancy is obtained through manipulation of the pump power. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 28: 399–402, 2001.
A Novel Approach for Active Adhesion Control of High-Speed Trains Under Antiskid Constraints (2015)

Wheel skid is highly undesirable because it could endanger the safe operation of high-speed trains. How to avoid excessive wheel skid via an active adhesion control method represents an interesting and challenging topic of research. In this work, we first introduce the conditions of antiskid operation and formulate it as a constrained tracking control problem, based on which two model-based antiskid slip velocity control laws are developed. Then, by applying two adaptive force observers to estimate the unknown and varying adhesion force and resistance, we develop an adaptive antiskid adhesion control scheme. The novelty of the proposed method is that control errors of the closed-loop system are used to online update the observer parameters, such that the predefined control precision can be ensured with the proposed observer-based adhesion control. To deal with the constrained antiskid control, a barrier Lyapunov function is constructed, and the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is theoretically authenticated with confirmation by numerical simulation.