gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selective C–O Hydrogenolysis of Terminal C–OH Bond in 1,2-Diols over Rutile-Titania-Supported Iridium-Iron Catalysts (2022)

Catalysts with high selectivity to cleave terminal OH groups of 1,2-alkanediol are vital to extending the scope of value-added products from biomass instead of fossil fuels but have not yet been reported so far. In this study, 1,2-butanediol (1,2-BuD) hydrogenolysis was selected as a model reaction to develop such a regioselective catalyst. The selectivity to 2-butanol (2-BuOH) over Ir/rutile TiO2 (Ir = 5 wt %) was moderate (53%) initially but rapidly decreased (39%) at a longer reaction time (72 h). Addition of Fe to Ir/rutile enhanced both activity and selectivity. Ir-FeOx/rutile (Ir = 5 wt %, Fe/Ir = 0.25) was an effective catalyst, while other oxide supports including anatase TiO2 gave lower selectivity to 2-BuOH. A severe deactivation phenomenon was observed during the reuse experiment over the Ir-FeOx/rutile (Ir = 5 wt %, Fe/Ir = 0.25) catalyst. Interestingly, the reusability of the catalyst was reinforced by optimizing the preparation method (involving the calcination followed by reduction and subsequent loading of Fe; Irc-r-FeOx/rutile). Irc-r-FeOx/rutile (Ir = 5 wt %, Fe/Ir = 0.25) was reusable at least 4 times and gave a high 2-BuOH yield (64%) from 1,2-BuD. Such regioselectivity given by Irc-r-FeOx/rutile (Ir = 5 wt %, Fe/Ir = 0.25) was also demonstrated in the hydrogenolysis of related alcohols: 1,2-propanediol to 2-propanol (yield: 53%), glycerol to 1,2-propanediol (yield: 62%), glycerol to 2-propanol (yield: 30%), 1,3-butanediol to 2-BuOH (yield: 83%), and erythritol to 2,3-butanediol (yield: 30%). Characterization with X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature-programmed reduction with H2 (H2-TPR), transmission electron microscope-energy-dispersive X-ray (TEM-EDX), X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), CO adsorption, and DRIFT of adsorbed CO suggested that Ir particles with the Ir–Fe alloy on the surface (3 nm) modified with FeOx species were constructed on the active catalyst. The active sites should be the interface between the Ir–Fe surface alloy and the FeOx species.
Effectiveness of a Qualitative Approach Toward Evaluating OCT Imaging for Detecting Glaucomatous Damage (2018)

Clinical detection of glaucomatous damage with OCT imaging can be optimized through a qualitative evaluation of its results.
Lithium‐Ion Batteries: Excellent Compatibility of Solvate Ionic Liquids with Sulfide Solid Electrolytes: Toward Favorable Ionic Contacts in Bulk‐Type All‐Solid‐State Lithium‐Ion Batteries (Adv. Energy Mater. 22/2015) (2015)

Bulk-type all-solid-state lithium batteries are highly promising candidates for large scale energy storage applications because of their superior safety. In article 1500865, Yoon Seok Jung and co-workers demonstrate a strategy to obtain a dramatically improved performance by ensuring favorable ionic contacts. This is acheived via the addition of a small amount of solvate ionic liquids (Li(G3)TFSI), which demonstrate excellent compatibility with the sulfide solid electrolyte in composite electrodes.
Metal oxide coated cell culture arrays for rapid biological screening (2007)

The biointerface of metallic alloy implants is a spontaneously formed metal oxide layer. This study presents a novel method for creating titanium oxide xerogel coated microplates for high-throughput biological screening that overcomes several limitations of using bulk metal samples to study oxides. Metal-organic precursors were used to evaluate the influence of Al, V, Ca, and P doped smooth and textured titanium oxide xerogel coatings on the bioresponse of human fibroblasts to increase understanding of the soft tissue sealing around transepithelial devices. Coatings made of titanium n-butoxide were characteristically smooth, while those of titanium isopropoxide were micro- and nanofeatured. Screening consisted of WST-1 proliferation assay, calcein AM cell number and viability assay, and a modified cell seeding efficiency and centrifugation adhesion assay. Small variations in initial attachment and centrifugation adhesion of human fibroblasts were observed among the coatings and comparable to tissue-culture treated polystyrene. Proliferation and viability at 24 and 48 h were reduced by the 10 and 20% vanadium additions. Metal oxide coated microplates are adaptable to the investigation of a wide range of metal-organic derived chemistries and the influence of oxide texture, and level of oxide crystallinity and oxide grain size on the biological responses of cells.
Neurotoxicity of General Anesthetics: An Update (2012)

Though general anesthetics have now been used clinically for well over a century, both their mechanisms of action as well as the nature of any potentially neurotoxic side effects remain elusive. With roughly 234 million people undergoing surgery each year worldwide, it remains imperative that any potentially deleterious effects of anesthetics be investigated and addressed. The issue of anesthetic- induced neurotoxicity in certain subsets of patients has continued to garner attention over the past decade, as more pre-clinical and clinical studies released are suggesting that inhalational and intravenous anesthetics may both cause and mitigate existing significant neuropathology. Pre-clinically, both cell-culture and animal studies suggest that anesthetics may cause neuroapoptosis, caspase activation, neurodegeneration, β-amyloid protein (Aβ) accumulation and oligomerization, and ultimately, deficits in neurocognition. Interestingly, however, newer data suggest that certain volatile anesthetics, such as desflurane, may have a less harmful neurotoxic profile compared to others in the pre-clinical and clinical settings. Continued pre-clinical investigation may have significant impact on clinical practice in the near future. Clinically, recent studies have raised awareness that exposure to general anesthetics during childhood may be associated with an increased risk for subsequent deficits in learning, memory, and cognition. Furthermore, retrospective studies continue to allude to the potential effects of surgery and anesthesia on cognitive trajectory, and more specifically, post-operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in the elderly. Studies to date regarding both of these clinical topics, however, are fraught with confounders, and many are underpowered statistically. The aim of this review is to examine the current data (both pre-clinical and clinical) on anesthetic-induced neurotoxicity and argue that further data are needed to either support or refute the potential connection between anesthetics and neurotoxicity.
Detection of Salmonella in Fresh Cheese, Poultry Products, and Dried Egg Products by the ISO 6579 Salmonella Culture Procedure and the AOAC Official Method: Collaborative Study (2003)

Three food types were analyzed for the presence of Salmonella by the AOAC culture method and by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO 6579:2002) culture method. Paired test portions of each food type were simultaneously analyzed by both methods. A total of 21 laboratories representing federal government agencies and private industry, in the United States and Europe, participated in this interlaboratory study. Foods were artificially contaminated with Salmonella and competing microflora if naturally contaminated sources were not available. No statistical differences (p < 0.05) were observed between the AOAC and ISO culture methods for fresh cheese and dried egg products. A statistically significant difference was observed for one of the 2 lots of poultry from the first trial. The poultry meat used in this run was radiation sterilized, artificially contaminated with Salmonella and competitive flora, and then lyophilized. A second trial was conducted with 2 separate lots of raw ground chicken that were naturally contaminated. The results from the second trial showed no statistical difference between the 2 culture methods. A third trial involving 4 laboratories was conducted on 2 separate lots of naturally contaminated raw poultry. Again, no statistically significant differences occurred. It is recommended that ISO 6579:2002 culture method for Salmonella be adopted Official First Action for the analysis of fresh cheese, fresh chilled and frozen poultry, and dried egg products.
ChemInform Abstract: SUBSTANCES WITH ANTINEOPLASM ACTIVITY. LVIII. SOME AMIDES OF β‐4‐PENTOXYBENZOYL‐β‐BROMOACRYLIC ACID (1977)

Abstract Durch Kondensation des Lactons (I) mit Alkylaminen bzw. Aminosäuren wurden β‐4‐Pentoxybenzoyl‐β‐brom‐acrylsäureamide dargestellt, die in einigen Fällen als Hydroxylactame, wie (II), in anderen als Säureamide, wie (III), anfallen.
Sustained molecular remission by non-myeloablative stem cell transplantation after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in a patient with multiple myeloma (2005)

Multiple myeloma (MM) is refractory to conventional chemotherapy. To achieve a sustained complete remission, we performed planned non-myeloablative allogeneic stem cell transplantation (NST) after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in a patient with stage III MM. Autologous HSCT was performed using high-dose melphalan after conventional chemotherapy, followed by NST from an HLA-identical sibling using low-dose total body irradiation (200 cGy) for conditioning. Cyclosporine and mycophenolate mofetil were used for graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis. Acute GVHD was transiently seen in the skin and intestine, while, in addition, mild chronic GVHD was seen in the oral mucosa and skin. Complete donor chimerism was achieved and the disappearance of tumor-derived monoclonal B cells was confirmed based on an analysis of immunoglobulin light chain messenger signals on day 156 when chronic GVHD occurred. The clinical course in this case strongly suggested the existence of a graft-vs-myeloma effect.
Tibial Tunnel Positioning Technique Using Bony/Anatomical Landmarks in Anatomical Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction (2017)

Because various biomechanical studies and clinical results have shown the effectiveness of an anatomical approach for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, this approach has become gradually commonplace to improve postoperative performance. Standard tunnel positioning methods with accuracy, reproducibility, and adaptability to varied concepts are essential for the success of anatomical ACL reconstruction. However, there were no standard tibial tunnel positioning methods to satisfy these conditions. This technical note reports our tibial tunnel positioning technique using bony and/or anatomical landmarks for anatomical ACL reconstruction.
Biomimetic Synthesis of Hierarchically Porous Nanostructured Metal Oxide Microparticles—Potential Scaffolds for Drug Delivery and Catalysis (2010)

Hierarchically porous hybrid microparticles, strikingly reminiscent in their structure of the silica skeletons of single-cell algae, diatoms, but composed of titanium dioxide, and the chemically bound amphiphilic amino acids or small proteins can be prepared by a simple one-step biomimetic procedure, using hydrolysis of titanium alkoxides modified by these ligands. The growth of the hierarchical structure results from the conditions mimicking the growth of skeletons in real diatoms--the self-assembly of hydrolysis-generated titanium dioxide nanoparticles, templated by the microemulsion, originating from mixing the hydrocarbon solvent and water on action of amino acids as surfactants. The obtained microsize nanoparticle aggregates possess remarkable chemical and thermal stability and are promising substrates for applications in drug delivery and catalysis. They can be provided with pronounced surface chirality through application of chiral modifying ligands. They display also high selectivity in sorption of phosphorylated biomolecules or medicines as demonstrated by (1)H and (31)P NMR studies and by in vitro modeling using (32)P-marked ATP as a substrate. The release of the adsorbed model compounds in an inert medium is a very slow process directed by desorption kinetics. It is enhanced, however, noticeably in contact with biological fluids modeling those of the tissues suffering inflammation, which makes the produced material highly attractive for application in medical implants. The developed synthetic approach has been applied successfully also for the preparation of analogous hybrid microparticles based on zirconium dioxide or aluminum sesquioxide.
Defects in osteoblast function but no changes in long-term repopulating potential of hematopoietic stem cells in a mouse chronic inflammatory arthritis model (2009)

Recent studies support the notion that there is an intricate relationship between hematopoiesis and bone homeostasis in normal steady states. Using mice undergoing chronic inflammatory arthritis, we investigated the relationship between hematopoiesis and bone homeostasis in pathologic conditions. We demonstrate that mice undergoing chronic inflammatory arthritis displayed osteoporosis resulting from a severe defect in osteoblast function. Despite the defective osteoblast function, however, the hematopoietic stem cells from these mice exhibited normal properties in either long-term repopulation or cell cycling. Therefore, the bone-forming capacity of osteoblasts is distinct from their ability to maintain hematopoietic stem cells in chronic inflammatory conditions.
A capillary absorption spectrometer for stable carbon isotope ratio (13C/12C) analysis in very small samples (2012)

A capillary absorption spectrometer (CAS) suitable for IR laser isotope analysis of small CO(2) samples is presented. The system employs a continuous-wave (cw) quantum cascade laser to study nearly adjacent rovibrational transitions of different isotopologues of CO(2) near 2307 cm(-1) (4.34 μm). This initial CAS system can achieve relative isotopic precision of about 10 ppm (13)C, or ∼1 per thousand (per mil in delta notation relative to Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite) with 20-100 picomoles of entrained sample within the hollow waveguide for CO(2) concentrations ∼400-750 ppm. Isotopic analyses of such gas fills in a 1-mm ID hollow waveguide of 0.8 m overall physical path length can be carried out down to ∼2 Torr. Overall (13)C∕(12)C ratios can be calibrated to ∼2 per thousand accuracy with diluted CO(2) standards. A novel, low-cost method to reduce cw-fringing noise resulting from multipath distortions in the hollow waveguide is presented, which allows weak absorbance features to be studied at the few ppm level (peak-to-rms) after 1000 scans are co-added in ∼10 s. The CAS is meant to work directly with converted CO(2) samples from a laser ablation-catalytic combustion micro-sampler to provide (13)C∕(12)C ratios of small biological isolates currently operating with spatial resolutions ∼50 μm.
Synthetic mimics of antimicrobial peptides (2008)

Infectious diseases and antibiotic resistance are now considered the most imperative global healthcare problem. In the search for new treatments, host defense, or antimicrobial, peptides have attracted considerable attention due to their various unique properties; however, attempts to develop in vivo therapies have been severely limited. Efforts to develop synthetic mimics of antimicrobial peptides (SMAMPs) have increased significantly in the last decade, and this review will focus primarily on the structural evolution of SMAMPs and their membrane activity. This review will attempt to make a bridge between the design of SMAMPs and the fundamentals of SMAMP-membrane interactions. In discussions regarding the membrane interaction of SMAMPs, close attention will be paid to the lipid composition of the bilayer. Despite many years of study, the exact conformational aspects responsible for the high selectivity of these AMPs and SMAMPs toward bacterial cells over mammalian cells are still not fully understood. The ability to design SMAMPs that are potently antimicrobial, yet nontoxic to mammalian cells has been demonstrated with a variety of molecular scaffolds. Initial animal studies show very good tissue distribution along with more than a 4-log reduction in bacterial counts. The results on SMAMPs are not only extremely promising for novel antibiotics, but also provide an optimistic picture for the greater challenge of general proteomimetics.
Measurement and mitigation of electromagnetic emissions of propulsion inverters for electric vehicles (2020)

A key characteristic of today’s switched mode power converters are their conducted electromagnetic emissions (EMEs). To apply mitigation techniques with minimal weight, volume and costs, a converter’s EME should be identified by simulations and pre-compliance conducted emission measurements as early as possible within a converter's design process. This work investigates methodologies for EME simulations and measurements. A combined simulation of functional circuit behavior and parasitic elements are used to cover all relevant phenomena. A test bench, adapted from CISPR25 Ed.4 regulations, is built for conducted-emission measurements. On the test bench, the induction machine at the AC side of the inverter is replaced by a passive artificial machine load. A common- and differential-mode separator, which includes the VHF broadcast frequency band up to 108MHz, is developed. Investigating four propulsion inverter variants, the impact on the EME of different semiconductor technologies (silicon IGBTs or silicon carbide MOSFETs), converter topologies (two-level or three-level) and DC-link voltages (400V or 800V) is identified. DC filters to mitigate the EME are optimized for each inverter prototype with an automated design tool. To define metrics for the optimization, a detailed cost model for filters in an electric vehicle is developed. A filter demonstrator for the silicon carbide inverter is fabricated by using a flexible, rapid-design approach based on 3D-printed filter brackets, which is evaluated using the aforementioned test bench.
A novel real-time immunoassay approach utilizing an electro-immunosensing microchip (2005)

This study was focused on the development of an electro-immunosensing (EIS) microchip for real-time measurement of antibody-antigen recognition in immunoassay. Instead of the enzyme conjugated with secondary antibody for detection, the process of electro-immunoassay was relatively simpler in comparison to the conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Based on the impedance variety in the frequency domain, we could successfully identify 1 ng/mL protein A with nonspecific antigen as the negative control. The EIS chip had higher sensitivity and shorter assay time than the ELISA. Furthermore, the EIS chip could detect the kinematics of antibody-antigen binding.
Application of complex-valued convolutional neural network for next generation wireless networks (2017)

A novel Complex-Valued Convolutional Neural Network (CV-CNN) model is proposed for the detection process in Multiple Input Multiple Output next generation wireless networks. The proposed model is used a as an auto-encoder based CV-CNN which is based on using the absolute value as the activation function and the L1-Norm as the loss function instead of the Euclidean norm. The proposed model is used for the joint detection of the index of the transmitted symbols and the index of the spatial channel matrix of the active antennas that are used for the high spectrum efficient Multi-Symbol Generalized Spatial Modulation systems. Simulation results show that the performance of the proposed CNN measured in terms of the Bit Error Rate (BER) is at most 0.5dB less than the performance of the Maximum Likelihood (ML) detector with the advantage of reducing the computational complexity at the receiver. The computational complexity is reduced by 14.71% which is achieved by the reduction of the search space at the output of the maximum pooling layer.
Lost in translation: the influence of ribosomes on bacterial mRNA decay: Figure 1. (2005)

The lifetimes of bacterial mRNAs are strongly affected by their association with ribosomes. Events occurring at any stage during translation, including ribosome binding, polypeptide elongation, or translation termination, can influence the susceptibility of mRNA to ribonuclease attack. Ribosomes usually act as protective barriers that impede mRNA cleavage, but in some instances they can instead trigger the decay of the mRNA to which they are bound or send a signal that leads to widespread mRNA destabilization within a cell. The influence of translation on mRNA decay provides a quality-control mechanism for minimizing the use of poorly or improperly translated mRNAs as templates for the production of abnormal proteins that might be toxic to bacteria.
Impedance Measurements of a Platinum Cylindrical Porous Electrode Replicated from Anodic Porous Alumina (1997)

Impedance measurements were performed for a platinum cylindrical porous electrode which was fabricated from anodic porous alumina by the replication method. The well‐defined structure of the electrode made possible a direct comparison between experimental and theoretical impedance without assumptions in electrode structure. The experimental impedance was reproduced satisfactorily using the transmission line model with the cylindrical pore parameters (i.e., the diameter, depth, and density) in the electrode. The results suggest that the electrode engaged here could provide a simple, tractable model for studying electrochemical impedance behavior of porous electrodes.
Frakcionace forem jodu v jodem obohacených řasách Chlorella (2004)

Prace se zabýva frakcionaci forem jodu v jodem obohacovaných
řasach CHlorella. Jsou stanoveny frakce nepolarni, proteinova,
polarni vodorozpustna a polarni nerozpustný zbytek a jodidy.
Pro stanoveni jodu je použita metoda ICP-OES.
The effect of hepatic insulin influx on insulin retention: comparison of net flux and per cent extraction as indices of hepatic insulin retention. (1985)

We studied effects of changes in hepatic insulin influx on hepatic insulin retention. In order to compare insulin net flux (influx - efflux) with percentage (%) hepatic insulin extraction (net flux/influx X 100), as indices of hepatic insulin retention, we examined which index is better predicted by insulin influx to the liver. Electromagnetic hepatic blood flow measurements were made and blood was sampled from portal, hepatic and peripheral veins and femoral artery in anesthetized dogs. Insulin influx was perturbed by sequentially superimposed peripheral venous infusions of somatostatin, glucagon and insulin (which were subsequently discontinued one at a time). Although the somatostatin was biologically effective in inhibiting insulin and glucagon release we found no significant plasma flow changes on starting or stopping the infusion of somatostatin (800 ng X kg-1 X min-1). Net insulin flux was linearly related to influx (n = 56, r = 0.99, p less than 0.001). Hepatic glucose production was better correlated with net insulin flux (r = -0.66; p less than 0.01) than with % extraction (r = 0.08; N.S.), when mean glucagon influx was held constant (partial correlation). Although net insulin flux and % extraction are complementary indices, the former reflects influx changes more faithfully than the latter.