gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Advanced Technology for Source Drain Resistance Reduction in Nanoscale FinFETs (2008)

Dual gate MOSFET structures such as FinFETs are widely regarded as the most promising option for continued scaling of silicon based transistors after 2010. This work examines key process modules that enable reduction of both device area and fin width beyond requirements for the 16nm node. Because aggressively scaled FinFET structures suffer significantly degraded device performance due to large source/drain series resistance (RS/D), several methods to mitigate RS/D such as maximizing contact area, silicide engineering, and epitaxially raised S/D have been evaluated.
Anti-inflammatory Response Induced by Exopolysaccharide of the Probiotic Bacillus subtilis (2022)

Abstract Probiotics can lessen the severity of intestinal inflammatory diseases, although the mechanisms by which this occur are poorly understood. We showed that exopolysaccharide (EPS) from the probiotic Bacillus subtilis induces anti-inflammatory macrophages and protects mice from enteric infection and sepsis. Here, we examined the molecular mechanisms by which EPS induces an anti-inflammatory response. In co-cultures of OVA-loaded bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDC) and OT-II T cells, EPS inhibits T cell activation in a TLR4-dependent manner. We hypothesize that EPS engages TLR4 and activates the noncanonical NF-kB signaling pathway, which up-regulates the expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). IDO degrades the essential amino acid tryptophan into kynurenine, which leads to suppression of T-cell activation and induction of tolerance. Western blot analysis of BMDCs treated with EPS showed nuclear translocation of the transcription factor RelB, which is central to the noncanonical pathway and upregulation of IDO. Inhibition of IDO using the inhibitor 1-methyl tryptophan, and ido1−/− BMDCs reverse the effect of EPS. We conclude that EPS inhibition of T cell activation and proliferation is mediated by IDO. We have identified a novel mechanism for immune protection by a probiotic molecule.
On Multipath Link Characterization and Adaptation for Device-Free Human Detection (2015)

Wireless-based device-free human sensing has raised increasing research interest and stimulated a range of novel location-based services and human-computer interaction applications for recreation, asset security and elderly care. A primary functionality of these applications is to first detect the presence of humans before extracting higher-level contexts such as physical coordinates, body gestures, or even daily activities. In the presence of dense multipath propagation, however, it is non-trivial to even reliably identify the presence of humans. The multipath effect can invalidate simplified propagation models and distort received signal signatures, thus deteriorating detection rates and shrinking detection range. In this paper, we characterize the impact of human presence on wireless signals via ray-bouncing models, and propose a measurable metric on commodity WiFi infrastructure as a proxy for detection sensitivity. To achieve higher detection rate and wider sensing coverage in multipath-dense indoor scenarios, we design a lightweight sub carrier and path configuration scheme harnessing frequency diversity and spatial diversity. We prototype our scheme with standard WiFi devices. Evaluations conducted in two typical office environments demonstrate a detection rate of 92.0% with a false positive of 4.5%, and almost 1x gain in detection range given a minimal detection rate of 90%.
Cell therapies for the central nervous system (2011)

We propose that the challenge of reproducibility provides a critical opportunity for refining cell-based therapies. If the utility of a particular approach is so restricted that even small changes in lesions or treatment protocols eliminate benefit, then the variability inherent in clinical injuries will frustrate translation. In contrast, rising to this challenge may enable discovery of refinements needed to confer the robustness needed for successful clinical trials.
Long-Range Persistence of Femtosecond Modulations on Laser-Plasma-Accelerated Electron Beams (2012)

Laser plasma accelerators have produced femtosecond electron bunches with a relative energy spread ranging from 100% to a few percent. Simulations indicate that the measured energy spread can be dominated by a correlated spread, with the slice spread significantly lower. Measurements of coherent optical transition radiation are presented for broad-energy-spread beams with laser-induced density and momentum modulations. The long-range (meter-scale) observation of coherent optical transition radiation indicates that the slice energy spread is below the percent level to preserve the modulations.
Local deposition of high-purity Pt nanostructures by combining electron beam induced deposition and atomic layer deposition (2010)

An approach for direct-write fabrication of high-purity platinum nanostructures has been developed by combining nanoscale lateral patterning by electron beam induced deposition (EBID) with area-selective deposition of high quality material by atomic layer deposition (ALD). Because virtually pure, polycrystalline Pt nanostructures are obtained, the method extends the application possibilities of EBID, whereas compared to other area-selective ALD approaches, a much higher resolution is attainable; potentially down to sub-10 nm lateral dimensions.
All‐organic optocouplers based on polymer light‐emitting diodes and photodetectors (2008)

Abstract In this work, we demonstrate all organic flexible polymeric optocouplers by utilizing a donor‐acceptor bulk heterojunction polymer photodetector (PD) as the output unit and a polymer light‐emitting diode (PLED) as the input unit. The input unit is a single‐layer PLED on a glass or a plastic (PET) substrate utilizing a green emitting polyfluorene‐benzothiadiazole copolymer in the active layer. The output unit is a single‐layer PD on a glass substrate utilizing a P3HT:PCBM(1:1 by weight) blend, where P3HT is regioregular poly(3‐hexylthiophene) and PCBM is (6,6)‐phenyl‐C 61 ‐butyric acid methyl ester. The electroluminescence spectrum of the PLED peaks at 530 nm and covers a spectral range that coincides quite well with the PD absorption spectrum (between 450 and 650 nm). The current density transfer ratio reaches 0.012% for an optocoupler that operates at 0 V and 15 V for the PD and PLED, respectively. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Light trapping and electrical transport in thin-film solar cells with randomly rough textures (2014)

Using rigorous electro-optical calculations, we predict a significant efficiency enhancement in thin-film crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cells with rough interfaces. We show that an optimized rough texture allows one to reach the Lambertian limit of absorption in a wide absorber thickness range from 1 to 100 μm. The improvement of efficiency due to the roughness is particularly substantial for thin cells, for which light trapping is crucial. We consider Auger, Shockley-Read-Hall (SRH), and surface recombination, quantifying the importance of specific loss mechanisms. When the cell performance is limited by intrinsic Auger recombination, the efficiency of 24.4% corresponding to the wafer-based PERL cell can be achieved even if the absorber thickness is reduced from 260 to 10 μm. For cells with material imperfections, defect-based SRH recombination contributes to the opposite trends of short-circuit current and open-circuit voltage as a function of the absorber thickness. By investigating a wide range of SRH parameters, we determine an optimal absorber thickness as a function of material quality. Finally, we show that the efficiency enhancement in textured cells persists also in the presence of surface recombination. Indeed, in our design the efficiency is limited by recombination at the rear (silicon absorber/back reflector) interface, and therefore it is possible to engineer the front surface to a large extent without compromising on efficiency.
Light‐Directed Writing of Chemically Tunable Narrow‐Band Holographic Sensors (2014)

This tunable holographic sensor offers interrogation and a reporting transducer as well as an analyte-responsive hydrogel, rendering it label-free and reusable. A single 6 ns laser pulse is used to fabricate holographic sensors consisting of silver nanoparticles arranged periodically within a polymer film. The tunability of the sensor is demonstrated through pH sensing of artificial urine and validated through computational modeling. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Comparison of photodiode nonlinearity measurement systems (2011)

Photodiode nonlinearity measurements using one-, two- and three-tone measurement systems are compared with each other, to investigate the comparison accuracy between setups. The mathematical relationship between each setup is analyzed, and data on multiple devices are compared to find under which conditions the measurements are comparable. It is shown that the three measurement systems can be used interchangeably only when the distortion adheres to the expected mathematical slopes.
Transbuccal Delivery of CNS Therapeutic Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, and In Vitro Permeation Studies (2011)

This work utilized polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer G4.5 as the underlying carrier to construct CNS therapeutic nanoparticles and explored the buccal mucosa as an alternative absorption site for administration of the dendritic nanoparticles. Opioid peptide DPDPE was chosen as a model CNS drug. It was coupled to PAMAM dendrimer G4.5 with polyethylene glycol (PEG) or with PEG and transferrin receptor monoclonal antibody OX26 (i.e., PEG-G4.5-DPDPE and OX26-PEG-G4.5-DPDPE). The therapeutic dendritic nanoparticles labeled with 5-(aminoacetamido) fluorescein (AAF) were studied for transbuccal transport using a vertical Franz diffusion cell system mounted with porcine buccal mucosa. For comparison, AAF-labeled PAMAM dendrimers G3.5 and G4.5, and fluorescein isothiocynate (FITC)-labeled G3.0 and G4.0 were also tested for transbuccal delivery. The permeability of PEG-G4.5 (AAF)-DPDPE and OX26-PEG-G4.5(AAF)-DPDPE were on the order of 10(-7) - 10(-6) cm/s. Coadministration of bile salt sodium glycodeoxycholate (NaGDC) enhanced the permeability of dendritic nanoparticles by multiple folds. Similarly, a multifold increase of permeability of dendritic nanoparticles across the porcine buccal mucosal resulted from the application of mucoadhesive gelatin/PEG semi-interpenetrating network (sIPN). These results indicate that transbuccal delivery is a possible route for administration of CNS therapeutic nanoparticles.
Synthesis and characterization of water‐soluble polymeric adhesion promoter for epoxy resin/copper joints (2002)

Abstract Nobel polymeric adhesion promoter soluble in water was synthesized to improve the adhesion strength of copper lead frame/epoxy molding compound (EMC) joints. N‐(4‐phenolyl)‐(benzotriazole‐5‐carboxylic)amide (PBCA) was synthesized by reacting benzotriazole‐5‐carboxylic acid (CBTA) with 4‐aminophenol. Poly[acrylic‐co‐4‐(5‐benzotriazole)amido phenyl acrylate] (PAB) was synthesized by reacting poly acryloyl chloride with PBCA. The adhesion strength of PAB‐treated copper lead frame/epoxy resin joints increased with the increase of PBCA content in PAB by forming more Cu‐triazole complex. The adhesion strength of PAB‐treated copper lead frame/epoxy resin joints having high PBCA content in PAB (more than 0.3 of mole ratio) is comparable to that of polybenzimidazole (PBI)‐treated copper lead frame/epoxy resin joints. However, the adhesion strength of PAB‐treated copper/epoxy resin joints decreased with the increase of PAB treatment time since Cu‐triazole complex particles were formed on PAB‐treated copper surface and acted as defects. The initial adhesion strength was maintained by suppressing the formation of Cu‐triazole complex particles using PAB having low PBCA contents (0.003 mole ratio of PBCA). The solubility of PAB in water was dependent on the mole ratio of carboxylic acid to PBCA in PAB. The increase of carboxylic acid content in PAB improved the solubility of PAB in water but decreased the adhesion strength with copper. PAB containing 0.03 mole ratio of PBCA was soluble in water. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 2202–2210, 2002
Unsupervised Knowledge-Transfer for Learned Image Reconstruction (2021)

Deep learning-based image reconstruction approaches have demonstrated impressive empirical performance in many imaging modalities. These approaches usually require a large amount of high-quality paired training data, which is often not available in medical imaging. To circumvent this issue we develop a novel unsupervised knowledge-transfer paradigm for learned reconstruction within a Bayesian framework. The proposed approach learns a reconstruction network in two phases. The first phase trains a reconstruction network with a set of ordered pairs comprising of ground truth images of ellipses and the corresponding simulated measurement data. The second phase fine-tunes the pretrained network to more realistic measurement data without supervision. By construction, the framework is capable of delivering predictive uncertainty information over the reconstructed image. We present extensive experimental results on low-dose and sparse-view computed tomography showing that the approach is competitive with several state-of-the-art supervised and unsupervised reconstruction techniques. Moreover, for test data distributed differently from the training data, the proposed framework can significantly improve reconstruction quality not only visually, but also quantitatively in terms of PSNR and SSIM, when compared with learned methods trained on the synthetic dataset only.
MPV17 mutation causes neuropathy and leukoencephalopathy with multiple mtDNA deletions in muscle (2012)

Disorders of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) maintenance are clinically and genetically heterogeneous, embracing recessive mtDNA depletion syndromes affecting children and adult-onset multiple mtDNA deletion disorders. Here we show that mutation of MPV17 - a gene implicated in severe, infantile hepatocerebral mtDNA depletion disorders characterised by a loss of mtDNA copies - can also cause clonally-expanded mtDNA deletion and focal cytochrome c oxidase (COX) deficiency in skeletal muscle associated with an adult presentation of neuropathy and leukoencephalopathy. The mpv17 protein is therefore intimately involved in both the mtDNA replication and repair processes and associated with both quantitative and qualitative mtDNA abnormalities.
Chloride Dysregulation through Downregulation of KCC2 Mediates Neuropathic Pain in Both Sexes (2019)

The behavioral features of neuropathic pain are not sexually dimorphic despite sex differences in the underlying neuroimmune signaling. This raises questions about whether neural processing is comparably altered. Here, we test whether the K<sup>+</sup>-Cl<sup>-</sup> co-transporter KCC2, which regulates synaptic inhibition, plays an equally important role in development of neuropathic pain in male and female rodents. Past studies on KCC2 tested only males. We find that inhibiting KCC2 in uninjured animals reproduces behavioral and electrophysiological features of neuropathic pain in both sexes and, consistent with equivalent injury-induced downregulation of KCC2, that counteracting chloride dysregulation reverses injury-induced behavioral and electrophysiological changes in both sexes. These findings demonstrate that KCC2 downregulation contributes equally to pain hypersensitivity in males and females. Whereas diverse (and sexually dimorphic) mechanisms regulate KCC2, regulation of intracellular chloride relies almost exclusively on KCC2. Directly targeting KCC2 thus remains a promising strategy for treatment of neuropathic pain in both sexes.
Ultra-dense space division multiplexing technologies towards multi-Peta bit/s optical transmission (2016)

In this paper, recent progress on ultra-dense, space division multiplexed (SDM) optical transmission towards multi-Peta bit/s are reviewed. By using 6-mode 19-core fiber, we have demonstrated 2.05 Pbit/s transmission over 9.8 km just using C-band. High spatial multiplicity of 114 and ultra-high aggregate spectral efficiency of 456 bit/s/Hz/fiber have been achieved.
Signal processing for ICDs; recognition of normal and abnormal rhythms (1993)

A problem that has emerged with the wider use of an implantable defibrillator is that the device may deliver an inappropriate discharge because it has failed to discriminate between ventricular and nonventricular arrhythmics at a heart rate that is deemed to be dangerous. Automatic rhythm diagnosis by implantable devices is not a simple problem. The development of an automatic method of tachycardia diagnosis and its potential success are discussed. >
Application of Solid Polymer Electrolyte to Lithium/Polypyrrole Secondary Battery System (1994)

An all solid‐state lithium/polypyrrole (PPy) battery using polyethylene oxide as a solid polymer electrolyte was assembled, and the effects of the morphology of the PPy film and the concentration of on battery performance were investigated. Optimum conditions for the redox properties of PPy films in at 80°C were obtained with an concentration of when using rough PPy film. A Li/PPy battery using with optimized conditions exhibited high coulombic efficiency, above 90% at 0.1 mA cm−2 at 80°C. Cyclability of 1400 cycles with high coulombic efficiency was attained.
Current-Density Dependence on Ag eFUSEs With TiN Underlayers (2009)

Silver-based metallization has been studied for a potential application as an electrically programmable fuse (eFUSE) device by local Joule heating induced at high current densities. Three different line widths (3.8, 6.3, and 10 mum) are investigated by subjecting them to extremely high current-density conditions. Based on short median lifetime and the topography of the failure sites, the dominant failure mechanism in Ag eFUSEs with TiN barrier layer under these current densities is examined. Evaporation times have also been calculated to correlate the Ag properties with the median failure time. The barrier layer has an important role to play in determining the failure time in these types of eFUSEs.
Primary results from EMILIA, a phase III study of trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) versus capecitabine (X) and lapatinib (L) in HER2-positive locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer (MBC) previously treated with trastuzumab (T) and a taxane. (2012)

LBA1 The full, final text of this abstract will be available at abstract.asco.org at 12:01 AM (EDT) on Sunday, June 3, 2012, and in the Annual Meeting Proceedings online supplement to the June 20, 2012, issue of Journal of Clinical Oncology. Onsite at the Meeting, this abstract will be printed in the Sunday edition of ASCO Daily News.
Applications of microwave energy in extractive metallurgy, a review (1997)

In the last few decades, microwave energy has been widely employed in food processing, rubber and plastics curing, and in ceramic sintering. Recently, the application of microwaves as an energy source in extractive metallurgy has received considerable attention from a number of researchers. During the period from the mid-1960s to about 1988, the majority of the research was focussed on the behaviour of materials in microwave radiation. These research activities will continue to be important, since fundamental data on the interaction of microwaves with materials are vital for the successful application of the technology. Since 1990, a number of potential applications of microwave processing have been investigated. These include: pretreatment of ores and concentrates, leaching, reduction, preheating of refractories, heating of slags and waste treatment. In this paper, the interaction of microwaves with materials of interest in extractive metallurgy are reviewed and potential applications are discussed.
Robust 3D scan point classification using associative Markov networks (2006)

In this paper we present an efficient technique to learn associative Markov networks (AMNs) for the segmentation of 3D scan data. Our technique is an extension of the work recently presented by Anguelov et al. (2005), in which AMNs are applied and the learning is done using max-margin optimization. In this paper we show that by adaptively reducing the training data, the training process can be performed much more efficiently while still achieving good classification results. The reduction is obtained by utilizing kd-trees and pruning them appropriately. Our algorithm does not require any additional parameters and yields an abstraction of the training data. In experiments with real data collected from a mobile outdoor robot we demonstrate that our approach yields accurate segmentations
Chemical mechanical planarization for Ta-based superconducting quantum devices (2023)

We report on the development of a chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) process for thick damascene Ta structures with pattern feature sizes down to 100 nm. This CMP process is the core of the fabrication sequence for scalable superconducting integrated circuits at a 300 mm wafer scale. This work has established the elements of various CMP-related design rules that can be followed by a designer for the layout of circuits that include Ta-based coplanar waveguide resonators, capacitors, and interconnects for tantalum-based qubits and single flux quantum circuits. The fabrication of these structures utilizes a 193 nm optical lithography along with 300 mm process tools for dielectric deposition, reactive ion etch, wet-clean, CMP, and in-line metrology—all tools typical for a 300 mm wafer CMOS foundry. Theprocess development was guided by measurements of the physical and electrical characteristics of the planarized structures. Physical characterization such as atomic force microscopy across the 300 mm wafer surface showed that local topography was less than 5 nm. Electrical characterization confirmed low leakage at room temperature, and less than 12% within wafer sheet resistance variation for damascene Ta line widths ranging from 100 nm to 3 μm. Run-to-run reproducibility was also evaluated. Effects of process integration choices including the deposited thickness of Ta are discussed.
Impact of induction immunosuppression on patient survival in heart transplant recipients treated with tacrolimus and mycophenolic acid in the current allocation era (2019)

In this contemporary cohort of heart transplant recipients receiving TAC/MPA, neither r-ATG nor IL2-RA were associated with a survival benefit. On the contrary, adjusted analyses showed a significantly higher mortality in the r-ATG group and a trend toward higher mortality in the IL2-RA group. While caution is needed in interpreting treatment effects in an observational cohort, these data call into question the benefit of induction therapy as a common practice and highlight the need for more studies.