gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Agricultural Drought Index for Assessing Droughts Using a Water Balance Method: A Case Study in Jilin Province, Northeast China (2019)

Drought, which causes the economic, social, and environmental losses, also threatens food security worldwide. In this study, we developed a vegetation-soil water deficit (VSWD) method to better assess agricultural droughts. The VSWD method considers precipitation, potential evapotranspiration (PET) and soil moisture. The soil moisture from different soil layers was compared with the in situ drought indices to select the appropriate depths for calculating soil moisture during growing seasons. The VSWD method and other indices for assessing the agricultural droughts, i.e., Scaled Drought Condition Index (SDCI), Vegetation Health Index (VHI) and Temperature Vegetation Dryness Index (TVDI), were compared with the in situ and multi-scales of Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEIs). The results show that the VSWD method has better performance than SDCI, VHI, and TVDI. Based on the drought events collected from field sampling, it is found that the VSWD method can better distinguish the severities of agricultural droughts than other indices mentioned here. Moreover, the performances of VSWD, SPEIs, SDCI and VHI in the major historical drought events recorded in the study area show that VSWD has generated the most sensible results than others. However, the limitation of the VSWD method is also discussed.
DNA replication origins in the Schizosaccharomyces pombe genome (2004)

Origins of DNA replication in Schizosaccharomyces pombe lack a specific consensus sequence analogous to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae autonomously replicating sequence (ARS) consensus, raising the question of how they are recognized by the replication machinery. Because all well characterized S. pombe origins are located in intergenic regions, we analyzed the sequence properties and biological activity of such regions. The AT content of intergenes is very high ( approximately 70%), and runs of A's or T's occur with a significantly greater frequency than expected. Additionally, the two DNA strands in intergenes display compositional asymmetry that strongly correlates with the direction of transcription of flanking genes. Importantly, the sequence properties of known S. pombe origins of DNA replication are similar to those of intergenes in general. In functional studies, we assayed the in vivo origin activity of 26 intergenes in a 68-kb region of S. pombe chromosome 2. We also assayed the origin activity of sets of randomly chosen intergenes with the same length or AT content. Our data demonstrate that at least half of intergenes have potential origin activity and that the relative ability of an intergene to function as an origin is governed primarily by AT content and length. We propose a stochastic model for initiation of DNA replication in the fission yeast. In this model, the number of AT tracts in a given sequence is the major determinant of its probability of binding SpORC and serving as a replication origin. A similar model may explain some features of origins of DNA replication in metazoans.
Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of lamotrigine and olanzapine coadministered to healthy subjects (2006)

Lamotrigine and olanzapine coadministration in patients who may benefit from the combination was supported by this study. Lamotrigine dosing schedules are recommended to remain unchanged when combined with olanzapine therapy. However, the possibility exists that the lamotrigine dose for some patients may need adjustment to optimize treatment when olanzapine is added to or withdrawn from a regimen including lamotrigine.
Engineering department physical plant staffing requirements. (1997)

There is a considerable effort in the health care arena to establish credible engineering manpower yardsticks that are universally applicable as a benchmark. This document was created by using one facility's own benchmark criteria that can be used to help develop either internal or competitive benchmarking comparisons.
Organocatalytic Coupling of CO2 with a Propargylic Alcohol: A Comprehensive Mechanistic Study (2016)

The metal-free coupling of a propargylic alcohol with CO<sub>2</sub> catalysed by guanidine derivatives was investigated in detail through the combination of online kinetic studies by in situ attenuated-total reflection IR (ATR-IR) spectroscopy and DFT calculations. Bicyclic guanidines, namely 1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene (TBD) and 7-methyl-1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene (MTBD) are effective catalysts for the conversion of 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol to α-methylene cyclic carbonate and oxoalkyl acyclic carbonate under mild reaction conditions. The lower selectivity of TBD in comparison with MTBD towards the formation of α-methylene cyclic carbonate was elucidated from DFT calculations and is related to the bifunctional activity (base/H-bond donor) of TBD decreasing the Gibbs free energy of the reaction path for the formation of the acyclic carbonate.
Bandwidth Enhancement by Corner Truncation in Rectangular Patch Antenna (2018)

A method of improving operating bandwidth of a microstrip patch antenna by simply improving the structural shape, without affecting the size of an antenna is proposed in this paper. Simple calculations proved that Rectangular Microstrip Patch antenna of bandwidth 845.1 MHz can be efficiently transformed into microstrip patch antenna having bandwidth 9147.4 MHz . Two different approaches have been proposed and compared for better results.&#x0D;
Simplifying Overviews of Temporal Event Sequences (2016)

Beginning the analysis of new data is often difficult as modern datasets can be overwhelmingly large. With visual analytics in particular, displays of large datasets quickly become crowded and unclear. Through observing the practices of analysts working with the event sequence visualization tool EventFlow, we identified three techniques to reduce initial visual complexity by reducing the number of event categories resulting in a simplified overview. For novice users, we suggest an initial pair of event categories to display. For advanced users, we provide six ranking metrics and display all pairs in a ranked list. Finally, we present the Event Category Matrix (ECM), which simultaneously displays overviews of every event category pair. In this work, we report on the development of these techniques through two formative usability studies and the improvements made as a result. The goal of our work is to investigate strategies that help users overcome the challenges associated with initial visual complexity and to motivate the use of simplified overviews in temporal event sequence analysis.
A Method for the Evaluation of the Lateral Stability of Vehicles and Tires (1974)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The report starts by outlining some concepts regarding the forces and the moments which act on a tire.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Some general characteristics of indoor cornering force machines, along with their limitations, are then examined.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This is followed by a detailed description of a method of measuring tire-vehicle curves on a steering pad. The method, based on experience obtained by the use of mathematical models, permits a quantitative evaluation of the stability and the steering of a vehicle under steady state working conditions, on both wet and dry tracks.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;It is also shown that certain aspects of the vehicles behavior in transient conditions may be deduced from the data obtained.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The method is valid for both cars and two-axle trucks and it is illustrated with some examples.&lt;/div&gt;
Comparative Study of CO2 Capture by Carbon Nanotubes, Activated Carbons, and Zeolites (2008)

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), granular activated carbon (GAC), and zeolites were modified by 3-aminopropyl-triethoxysilane (APTS) and were selected as adsorbents to study their physicochemical properties and adsorption behaviors of CO2 from gas streams. The surface nature of these adsorbents was changed after the modification, which make them adsorb more CO2 gases. Under the same conditions, the modified CNTs possess the greatest adsorption capacity of CO2, followed by the modified zeolites and then the modified GAC. The mechanism of CO2 adsorption on these adsorbents appears mainly attributable to physical force, which makes regeneration of spent adsorbents at a relatively low temperature become feasible. The APTS-modified CNTs show good performance of CO2 adsorption as compared to many types of modified carbon and silica adsorbents reported in the literature. This suggests that the APTS-modified CNTs are efficient CO2 adsorbents and that they possess potential applications for CO2 capture from gas streams.
Coupling feature selection and machine learning methods for navigational query identification (2006)

It is important yet hard to identify navigational queries in Web search due to a lack of sufficient information in Web queries, which are typically very short. In this paper we study several machine learning methods, including naive Bayes model, maximum entropy model, support vector machine (SVM), and stochastic gradient boosting tree (SGBT), for navigational query identification in Web search. To boost the performance of these machine techniques, we exploit several feature selection methods and propose coupling feature selection with classification approaches to achieve the best performance. Different from most prior work that uses a small number of features, in this paper, we study the problem of identifying navigational queries with thousands of available features, extracted from major commercial search engine results, Web search user click data, query log, and the whole Web's relational content. A multi-level feature extraction system is constructed.Our results on real search data show that 1) Among all the features we tested, user click distribution features are the most important set of features for identifying navigational queries. 2) In order to achieve good performance, machine learning approaches have to be coupled with good feature selection methods. We find that gradient boosting tree, coupled with linear SVM feature selection is most effective. 3) With carefully coupled feature selection and classification approaches, navigational queries can be accurately identified with 88.1% F1 score, which is 33% error rate reduction compared to the best uncoupled system, and 40% error rate reduction compared to a well tuned system without feature selection.
Peptide Model of the Mutant Proinsulin Syndrome. I. Design and Clinical Correlation (2022)

The mutant proinsulin syndrome is a monogenic cause of diabetes mellitus due to toxic misfolding of insulin's biosynthetic precursor. Also designated <i>mutant INS-gene induced diabetes of the young</i> (MIDY), this syndrome defines molecular determinants of foldability in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of β-cells. Here, we describe a peptide model of a key proinsulin folding intermediate and variants containing representative clinical mutations; the latter perturb invariant core sites in native proinsulin (Leu<sup>B15</sup>→Pro, Leu<sup>A16</sup>→Pro, and Phe<sup>B24</sup>→Ser). The studies exploited a 49-residue single-chain synthetic precursor (designated DesDi), previously shown to optimize <i>in vitro</i> efficiency of disulfide pairing. Parent and variant peptides contain a single disulfide bridge (cystine B19-A20) to provide a model of proinsulin's first oxidative folding intermediate. The peptides were characterized by circular dichroism and redox stability in relation to effects of the mutations on (a) <i>in vitro</i> foldability of the corresponding insulin analogs and (b) ER stress induced in cell culture on expression of the corresponding variant proinsulins. Striking correlations were observed between peptide biophysical properties, degree of ER stress and age of diabetes onset (neonatal or adolescent). Our findings suggest that age of onset reflects the extent to which nascent structure is destabilized in proinsulin's putative folding nucleus. We envisage that such peptide models will enable high-resolution structural studies of key folding determinants and in turn permit molecular dissection of phenotype-genotype relationships in this monogenic diabetes syndrome. Our companion study (next article in this issue) employs two-dimensional heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy to define site-specific perturbations in the variant peptides.
Formation of magnetosomes in magnetotactic bacteria. (1999)

The ability of magnetotactic bacteria to orient and migrate along geomagnetic field lines is based on intracellular magnetic structures, the magnetosomes, which comprise nano-sized, membrane bound crystals of magnetic iron minerals. The formation of magnetosomes is achieved by a biological mechanism that controls the accumulation of iron and the biomineralization of magnetic crystals with a characteristic size and morphology within membrane vesicles. This paper focuses on the current knowledge about magnetotactic bacteria and will outline aspects of the physiology and molecular biology of magnetosome formation. The biotechnological potential of the biomineralization process is discussed.
Purification and Characterisation of Cerebellins from Human and Porcine Cerebellum (1989)

The primary human and porcine structure of the novel neuropeptide cerebellin is unknown. These peptides were, therefore, isolated by a combination of ion-exchange and reverse-phase chromatography using a specific radioimmunoassay against rat cerebellin. The sequences of the peptides were deduced by mass spectrometry (for both human and porcine cerebellins) and gas-phase Edman degradation (for porcine cerebellin). In both species, two molecular forms were identified. In the human, the major form corresponded to the pentadecamer [des-Ser1]-cerebellin (approximately 95% of the total) and the minor form, to the hexadecamer peptide. In the pig, however, both molecular forms were present in approximately equal amounts. The finding that the sequences of human and porcine cerebellin are identical to that of the rat suggests that strong evolutionary pressure has acted to conserve this sequence.
Transverse magnetic anisotropy inMn12acetate: Direct determination by inelastic neutron scattering (2004)

A high-resolution inelastic neutron scattering (INS) study of fully deuterated ${\mathrm{Mn}}_{12}$ acetate provides accurate spin-Hamiltonian parameters for this prototype single-molecule magnet. The ${\mathrm{Mn}}_{12}$ clusters deviate from axial symmetry, a nonzero rhombic term in the model Hamiltonian leading to excellent agreement with observed positions and intensities of the INS peaks. The following parameter set provides the best agreement with the experimental data: $D=\ensuremath{-}0.0570(1)\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{meV}$, ${B}_{4}^{0}=\ensuremath{-}2.78(7)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{meV}$, ${B}_{4}^{4}=\ensuremath{-}3.2(6)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{meV}$, and $\ensuremath{\mid}E\ensuremath{\mid}=6.8(15)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{meV}$. Crystal dislocations are not the likely cause of the symmetry lowering. Rather, this study lends strong support to a recently proposed model, which is based on the presence of several molecular isomers with distinct spin-Hamiltonian parameters.
Feasibility and efficacy of gemcitabine and docetaxel combination chemotherapy for bone and soft tissue sarcomas: multi-institutional retrospective analysis of 134 patients (2016)

GD used as both first- and second/later line is effective chemotherapy for a proportion of patients with advanced BSTS. Higher response rate and better outcome was achieved in chemotherapy-naïve patients. This regimen is associated with high incidence of severe hematological toxicity, as well as the risk of severe pneumonitis, especially in pre-treated patients. GD is promising for further analysis by phase III study for the patients with BSTS.
Recent advances in spin-orbit torques: Moving towards device applications (2018)

The ability of spintronic devices to utilize an electric current for manipulating the magnetization has resulted in large-scale developments, such as, magnetic random access memories and boosted the spintronic research area. In this regard, over the last decade, magnetization manipulation using spin-orbit torque has been devoted a lot of research attention as it shows a great promise for future ultrafast and power efficient magnetic memories. In this review, we summarize the latest advancements in spin-orbit torque research and highlight some of the technical challenges for practical spin-orbit torque devices. We will first introduce the basic concepts and highlight the latest material choices for spin-orbit torque devices. Then, we will summarize the important advancements in the study of magnetization switching dynamics using spin-orbit torque, which are important from scientific as well as technological aspect. The final major section focuses on the concept of external assist field free spin-orbit torque switching which is a requirement for practical spin-orbit torque devices.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Chlorins with a δ‐Lactone Ring (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Wide bandwidth LFM transmission through a photonic true time delay device (2005)

We demonstrate for the first time high quality wide bandwidth (600 MHz) LFM transmission through a wavelength-controlled photonic true time delay device with bandwidth-limited resolution and peak sidelobe level below -37 dB at 5 GHz.
The possible role of brain rhythms in perceiving fast speech: Evidence from adult aging (2018)

The rhythms of speech and the time scales of linguistic units (e.g., syllables) correspond remarkably to cortical oscillations. Previous research has demonstrated that in young adults, the intelligibility of time-compressed speech can be rescued by "repackaging" the speech signal through the regular insertion of silent gaps to restore correspondence to the theta oscillator. This experiment tested whether this same phenomenon can be demonstrated in older adults, who show age-related changes in cortical oscillations. The results demonstrated a similar phenomenon for older adults, but that the "rescue point" of repackaging is shifted, consistent with a slowing of theta oscillations.
Effect of Pea Flours with Different Particle Sizes on Antioxidant Activity in Pan Breads (2017)

Pulses are good sources of vitamins and minerals as well as antioxidants. Current literature supports a role for antioxidants in reducing oxidative damage associated with many health disorders, including cardiovascular disease and cancer. The effects of substitution of 10% (w/w) yellow whole or split pea flour (various particle sizes) in white wheat flour (Canadian Wheat Red Spring) on the phenolic and antioxidant activity of the leavened bread were examined. Antioxidant activity was evaluated with four assays, which included 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), metal chelation (MC), and superoxide (SO) radical scavenging assays. The bread samples had reduced DPPH (5–11% scavenging activity) and MC (5–10% scavenging activity) values compared with their respective raw flours. Decreased activity in both the DPPH and MC assays can be attributed to a reduction in the antioxidant capacity in the bread samples owing to dilution with white wheat flour. The MC values for bread samples showed little variability between the yellow whole and split pea flours (8–10% scavenging activity for yellow whole and 9% for split pea flours), which suggests that the antioxidant activity of bread samples is not dramatically affected by the seed coats. Most pea fractions increased the FRAP scavenging activity and decreased the SO scavenging activity values for the bread samples compared with their respective raw flours. We conclude that thermal processing enhanced the antioxidant activity of the bread samples, limiting the dilution effect associated with flour addition during dough make‐up.
Magnesium regulates hypoxia-stimulated apoptosis in the human placenta (2000)

Apoptosis (programmed cell death) in the human placenta is likely to play a major role in determining the structure and function of that organ. Fetal growth restriction (FGR) has been shown to be associated with increased levels of placental apoptosis. Altered regulation of apoptosis may play an important pathophysiological role in FGR. As reduced placental perfusion and reduced oxygenation are features of FGR, one aim of this study was to determine the effects of hypoxia on apoptotic activity, as assessed by DNA laddering, of placental tissue in vitro. In addition, levels of placental apoptosis may be affected by pharmacological agents routinely used in obstetric patient management. Thus an additional aim of this study was to determine the effects of several relevant pharmacological agents on the levels of DNA laddering during in vitro incubation of human placentae under hypoxic conditions. Incubation of normal placental explant tissue at 37 degrees C for 1-2 h under hypoxic conditions significantly increased placental DNA laddering compared with that in non-incubated tissue, whereas levels of DNA laddering during incubation for up to 2 h under normoxic conditions were not significantly higher than those in non-incubated tissue. The DNA laddering activity of placental explants after 2 h of incubation under hypoxic conditions was significantly increased with increased concentrations of magnesium, but remained unchanged by the inclusion of pethidine, aspirin, nifedipine, dexamethasone, heparin or indomethacin in the incubation mixture. These results suggest that hypoxia may stimulate apoptotic activity in cultured human placental tissues, and that hypoxia-stimulated placental apoptosis may be further increased by increasing the extracellular magnesium concentration.
Renal Function, Neurohormonal Activation, and Survival in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure (2000)

Impaired renal function (GFR(c)) is a stronger predictor of mortality than impaired cardiac function (LVEF and New York Heart Association class) in advanced CHF, and it is associated with increased levels of N-terminal ANP. Moreover, impaired renal function was not related to LVEF, which suggests that factors other than reduced cardiac output are causally involved.
Theory, Simulation, and Hardware: Lab Design for an Integrated System Dynamics Education (2005)

This article describes a series of experimental and simulation laboratory sessions that are designed to support a system dynamics course. A novel hardware setup is used in different configurations throughout the eight-lab sequence. The labs incrementally build upon themselves and culminate in the final lab with the stabilization of a coupled dynamic system. The labs augment the fundamental theory taught in class with hands-on experience using hardware and software simulations. We find that the labs that most effectively create and resolve tension between the results of physical experiments, simulation, and theory yield the most satisfying and effective lab sessions. The absence of any one of these three elements diminishes the educational value of the course. End-of-quarter lab surveys are used to quantify our findings.