gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity analysis in stochastic flow networks using the Monte Carlo method (1993)

Abstract Consider a flow network whose nodes do not restrict flow transmission and arcs have random, discrete, and independent capacities. Let s and t be a pair of selected nodes, let δ denote the value of a maximum s — t flow, and let Γ denote a set of s – t cuts. Also, let ℱ denote a set of independent joint capacity distributions with common state space. For fixed l &lt; u , this paper develops methods for approximating the probability that l ≤ Δ &lt; u and the probability that a cut in Γ is minimum given that l ≤ δ &lt; u for each distribution in ℱ. Since these evaluations are NP‐hard problems, it shows how information obtained during an iterative procedure for computing the probability that l ≤ δ &lt; u can be used for designing an efficient Monte Carlo sampling plan that performs sampling at few capacity distributions and uses sampling data to estimate the probabilities of interest at each distribution in ℱ. The set of sampling distributions is chosen by solving an uncapacitated facility location problem. The paper also describes techniques for computing confidence intervals and includes an algorithm for implementing the sampling experiment. An example illustrates the efficiency of the proposed method. This method is applicable to the computation of performance measures for networks whose elements have discrete random weights (lengths, gains, etc.) for a set of joint weight distributions with common state space. © 1993 by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
The Use of Antibodies Targeted Against the Neurofilament Subunits for the Detection of Diffuse Axonal Injury in Humans (1993)

Axonal injury is a common feature of human traumatic brain injury. Typically, damaged axons cannot be recognized unless a patient survives the injury by at least 10-12 hours (h). Limitations associated with the use of the traditional silver methods have been linked with this inability to recognize early posttraumatic reactive axonal change. Recently, we reported that antibodies targeting the neurofilament subunits proved useful in recognizing early traumatically induced axonal change in traumatically brain-injured animals. Accordingly, in the present communication, we employed antibodies to detect at the light microscopic level the 68 kD Nf-L and 170-200 kD Nf-H neurofilament subunits in head-injured patients who survived the traumatic event for periods ranging from 6 h to 59 days. Antibodies targeting all of the above-described subunits revealed a progression of reactive axonal change. Antibodies to the 68 kD subunit proved most useful, as they were not complicated by concomitant immunoreactivity in surrounding nuclei and/or dendritic and somatic elements. These immunocytochemical strategies revealed, at 6 h postinjury, focally swollen axons which appeared intact. By 12 h, this focal swelling had progressed to disconnection, with the immunoreactive swelling undergoing further expansion over 1 week postinjury. These findings demonstrate the utility of the previously described immunocytochemical strategies for detecting reactive axonal change in brain-injured humans, particularly in the early posttraumatic course. More importantly, these methods also demonstrate in humans that reactive axonal change is not necessarily caused by traumatically induced tearing.
Geometric measurement of preform rods and starting tubes (1982)

A computerized, noncontacting optical technique for measuring the outside diameters of preform rods and starting tubes and the wall thicknesses of the tubes is presented. The method utilizes the fluorescence of an index-matching liquid in which the nonfluorescing silica rod or tube is immersed to define the boundaries. The liquid is excited by a thin helium-cadmium laser beam (lambda = 325 nm) at right angles to the axis of the object. The fluorescent light intensity is detected by a video camera and digitized for computer processing. The computer makes use of the sharp light-to-dark transitions to calculate the overall diameter and wall thickness. The measurements are precise to better than 1% and agree to within this amount with independent measurements made on the rods and tubes with an electronic digital caliper.
Characterization and Performance Relationships for a Commercial Thin Film Composite Membrane in Forward Osmosis Desalination and Pressure Retarded Osmosis (2015)

This paper presents performance data for an early generation thin film composite membrane from Oasys Water. These tests sought to measure the membrane’s basic chemical and morphological characteristics with additional testing to measure benchmark performance in both seawater-riverwater pressure retarded osmosis and forward osmosis desalination using the ammonia-carbon dioxide draw solution. In pressure retarded osmosis the membrane exhibited compaction which increased structural parameter. While in forward osmosis desalination, substantial cation flux was observed using the ammonia-carbon dioxide draw solution.
PRR: A low-overhead cache replacement algorithm for embedded processors (2012)

In embedded systems power consumption and area tightly constrain the cache capacity and management logic. Many good cache replacement policies have been proposed in the past, but none approach the performance of the least recently used (LRU) algorithm without incurring high overheads. In fact, many embedded designers consider even pseudo-LRU too complex for their embedded systems processors. In this paper, we propose a new level 1 (L1) data cache replacement algorithm, Protected Round-Robin (PRR) that is simple enough to be incorporated into embedded processors while providing miss rates that are very similar to the miss rates of LRU. Our experiments showed that on average the miss rates of PRR are only 0.22% higher than the miss rates of LRU on a 32KB, 4-way L1 data cache with 32 byte long cache lines. PRR has miss rates that are on average 4.72% and 4.66% lower than random and round-robin replacement algorithms, respectively.
Fracture Detection Using the Conductivity Triaxiality Index (2015)

Abstract Over the years, triaxial induction tools have found applications in not only determining formation resistivity, anisotropy, and dip, but also in detecting fractures. Fracture detection techniques provide useful information in identifying fractured reservoirs because fractures provide both space for hydrocarbon storage and also the channel for fluid flow. When fractures are developed in a formation, the formation can exhibit triaxially anisotropic conductivity if the fractures are filled with a fluid with a significantly different conductivity than that of the formation. This is particularly true for transversely isotropic formations. In an isotropic sedimentary formation, fractures can also cause the formation to be triaxially anisotropic if the geometric properties, orientation and porosity of fractures are varied from place to place in the fractured zone. In this paper, we present a new method that uses the information of the conductivity tensor to detect fractures. The new method indicates the presence of contrasting fluid-filled fractures by the difference in three conductivity components of the tensor. This difference is called triaxiality in the paper. The conductivity tensor is found using an inversion approach. In addition to three conductivity components σx, σy, and σz, the inversion also provides three Euler angles γ, α, and β. Multiple initials for Euler angles are used to ensure that a global minimum is obtained. The inversion is followed by a rotation operation on the inverted conductivity tensor to eliminate the ambiguity effect of the principal coordinate system. The new Euler angles are found by solving a minimization problem. We have applied the new method to both synthetic and field examples. Synthetic examples show that the rotation operation is indispensable to remove the ambiguity effect of the principal coordinate system. Furthermore, it is shown that the triaxiality is indeed responsive to the presence of fracture. Previous processing of the field example has showed that fractures exist in many zones. The triaxiality index derived from the new method is found in a fairly good agreement with the fracture index from a previous method.
KIAA1199 is induced by inflammation and enhances malignant phenotype in pancreatic cancer (2017)

These findings suggest that increased KIAA1199 expression may contribute to the aggressive phenotype partly through increasing the LMW-HA concentration. Our present results also suggest a possible link between inflammation, induced KIAA1199 expression, and enhanced migration during PDAC progression.
MultiStage: A MINMAX Bit Allocation Algorithm for Video Coders (2007)

Most bit allocation algorithms for video are geared toward optimizing the average frame distortion. However, video sequences optimized this way may exhibit sudden changes in distortion, or "flicker," which can significantly affect the perceived quality of the sequence. An alternative approach is to minimize the maximum frame distortion, which aims to produce a constant-quality sequence, thus avoiding the flicker problem. In this work, we present a new algorithm for constant-quality video, called MultiStage. We first show how MultiStage works for an embedded bit plane coder, and we then demonstrate that it can be applied to traditional quantization-based coders, such as H.263 and H.264, in conjunction with a novel single-frame block-level rate-distortion optimization algorithm based on multiple-choice knapsack. We show that MultiStage achieves very good results, both in terms of maximum distortion and average distortion
Induction of sensitivity to ganciclovir in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells by adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (1995)

We have analyzed the ability of a recombinant replication-defective adenovirus to transfer the thymidine kinase gene of herpes simplex virus (HSV-tk) into hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells to confer sensitivity to ganciclovir. Three HCC cell lines (Hep3B, PLC/PRF/5, and HepG2) were efficiently infected in vitro by a recombinant adenovirus carrying lacZ reporter gene (AdCMVlacZ). Expression of HSV-tk in HCC cells infected with a recombinant adenovirus carrying HSV-tk gene (AdCMVtk) induced sensitivity to ganciclovir in a dose-dependent manner. A bystander killing effect was observed when 90% of uninfected tumor cells were mixed with only 10% of AdCMVtk-infected cells. These data show that recombinant adenoviruses are efficient vectors for transduction of drug-sensitizing genes to HCC cells in vitro. We suggest that a gene therapy approach to hepatocellular carcinoma can be established using adenoviral transfer of HSV-tk to tumor cells and subsequent administration of ganciclovir.
ChemInform Abstract: DIHYDROCHALCONES FROM 3‐BENZYLIDENECHROMAN‐4‐ONES (1981)

Abstract Der Dimethylether von Eucomin (Id), ein aus Eucomis bicolor Bak isoliertes 3‐Benzylidenchromanon‐(4), sowie die Analogen (Ia‐c) lagern sich in DMF in Gegenwart von K‐carbonat zu den Dihydrochalkonen (II) um (keine Ausb.‐Angabe).
X-ray and NMR Crystallography in an Enzyme Active Site: The Indoline Quinonoid Intermediate in Tryptophan Synthase (2010)

Chemical-level details such as protonation and hybridization state are critical for understanding enzyme mechanism and function. Even at high resolution, these details are difficult to determine by X-ray crystallography alone. The chemical shift in NMR spectroscopy, however, is an extremely sensitive probe of the chemical environment, making solid-state NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography a powerful combination for defining chemically detailed three-dimensional structures. Here we adopted this combined approach to determine the chemically rich crystal structure of the indoline quinonoid intermediate in the pyridoxal-5'-phosphate-dependent enzyme tryptophan synthase under conditions of active catalysis. Models of the active site were developed using a synergistic approach in which the structure of this reactive substrate analogue was optimized using ab initio computational chemistry in the presence of side-chain residues fixed at their crystallographically determined coordinates. Various models of charge and protonation state for the substrate and nearby catalytic residues could be uniquely distinguished by their calculated effects on the chemical shifts measured at specifically (13)C- and (15)N-labeled positions on the substrate. Our model suggests the importance of an equilibrium between tautomeric forms of the substrate, with the protonation state of the major isomer directing the next catalytic step.
Six output wavelength Raman fibre laser for Raman amplification (2002)

A Raman fibre laser emitting six output wavelengths ranging from 1415 to 1480 nm has been implemented. Because of its adaptability, it allows the management of Raman gain and is an alternative to complex semiconductor pump modules.
Optimization of microwave-assisted biodiesel production from waste catfish using response surface methodology (2022)

In the present study, response surface methodology involving central composite design was applied to optimize reaction parameters of biodiesel production from Tra (Pangasius hypophthalmus) and Basa (Pangasius bocourti) catfish oil during the microwave-assisted single-step transesterification process. Second-order polynomial models of the microwave-assisted method with acetone (MW-A) and isopropanol (MW-I) co-solvent were used to predict the biodiesel yield and the coefficient of determination (R2) was found to be at 0.9926, and 0.9891, respectively. Research results demonstrated that isopropanol had similar effects to acetone on transesterification yields. The optimum biodiesel yield was calculated as 99.05% (MW-A) and 98.96% (MW-I) from the models with the following reaction conditions: methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 5.60 (MW-A) and 5.66 (MW-I), KOH concentration of 1.04 wt% (MW-A) and 1.00 wt% (MW-I), the reaction temperature of 53.20 °C (MW-A) and 53.59 °C (MW-I), the reaction time of 94.43 s (MW-A) and 93.27 s (MW-I), and co-solvent of 24.20 wt% (MW-A) and 22.73 wt% (MW-I). The results of biodiesel yield under optimal conditions have proved that the regression models agreed with the experimental data. Furthermore, the properties of catfish oil biodiesel produced under the optimum conditions were characterized and found to agree with the EN 14214 standard specifications.
Isostructural Cd3E2 (E = P, As) Microcrystals Prepared via a Hydrothermal Route (2006)

Cd3P2 and α‘ ‘-Cd3As2 microcrystals were hydrothermally synthesized at 180 °C in aqueous ammonia. Their powder X-ray diffraction patterns were indexed to an isostructural tetragonal lattice with a = 8.7360 Å, b = 12.2953 Å for Cd3P2 and a = 8.9843 Å, b = 12.6550 Å for Cd3As2 (α‘ ‘-, metastable phase) with good reliability (instead of the stable phase α-Cd3As2). Transmission and scanning electron microscopy (TEM, SEM) images showed that Cd3P2 crystallized as octahedral microcrystals of 100−500 nm with {101} cleavage planes, and α‘ ‘-Cd3As2 crystallized as fine nanocrystals (20 nm), which assembled into secondary spherical particles of 100 nm. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that the as-prepared hydrothermal products were pure Cd3E2 (E = P, As) without obvious surface oxidation or hydrolysis. Cd3P2 octahedral microcrystals showed three Raman peaks at 250.7, 300.8, and 599.1 cm-1, and α‘ ‘-Cd3As2 nanocrystals showed two broad and red-shifted peaks at 189 and 244.5 cm-1, both of which were different from their bulk counterparts. Their optical absorption spectra were characterized, and α‘ ‘-Cd3As2 nanocrystals showed an obvious blue-shift of the absorption onset.
New Efficient and Flexible Synthetic Route to Emivirine and Its Analogs (2013)

A revised synthetic route to Emivirine (MKC‐442) via properly substituted β‐keto ester converted from Meldrum's Acid was developed. This method could be applied to the synthesis of a variety of MKC‐442 analogues and open the way for their systematic biological evaluation.
Modeling of the Temperature Dependence of Soft Magnetic Materials (2020)

This paper focuses on the modeling of the temperature dependence of soft magnetic materials. In order to describe the influence of the temperature on the magnetic and energetic properties and deriving consequences for electrical machine application, a simplified but effective model is presented. In this research activity, the influence of a changing material temperature is quantified by measurements that are performed on ring samples. For this, different material grades are investigated. The proposed approach to model the temperature behavior of soft magnetic materials is presented and validated by measurement results. This simplified approach to account for changes in magnetic permeability and iron losses due to changing material temperature is particularly relevant when the model is implemented in a numerical simulation tool. A comparison between model and measurement results of the investigated ring samples is presented and discussed.
Molecular characterization of paediatric idiopathic hypereosinophilia (2010)

The hypereosinophilic syndromes (HES) include a group of heterogeneous diseases characterized by the persistent increase of the number of eosinophils in blood and bone marrow. Few cases of paediatric hypereosinophilia (pHES) have been described in the literature. Early identification of pHES that may evolve towards a lymphomyeloproliferative disease is relevant in light of prognostic and therapeutic implications. Molecular features of 10 pHES patients were analysed at presentation and during their clinical course, including analysis of BCR-ABL1 and FIP1L1/PDGFRA fusion genes, quantitation of WT1 gene copy number and clonality of T-cell receptor (TCR) and immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH). All patients had normal karyotype and germline TCR configuration. Five children showed IGH clonality at presentation: of these, two developed a B non-Hodgkin lymphoma and a B-lineage acute lymphocytic leukaemia at six and 12 months respectively, two spontaneously reverted to a polyclonal IGH profile during the follow-up, and the last one persisted with pHES without B-clonal evolution after 19 months. One patient had a PDGFRA/FIP1L1 fusion and achieved hematologic and molecular remission after imatinib therapy. IGH rearrangement was observed to be a frequent molecular feature of pHES and may precede B-cell clonal expansion and evolution into B-cell malignancies in children.
Modeling of respiratory system impedances in dogs (1987)

Mechanical impedances between 4 and 64 Hz of the respiratory system in dogs have been reported (A.C. Jackson et al. J. Appl. Physiol. 57: 34-39, 1984) previously by this laboratory. It was observed that resistance (the real part of impedance) decreased slightly with frequency between 4 and 22 Hz then increased considerably with frequency above 22 Hz. In the current study, these impedance data were analyzed using nonlinear regression analysis incorporating several different lumped linear element models. The five-element model of Eyles and Pimmel (IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 28: 313-317, 1981) could only fit data where resistance decreased with frequency. However, when the model was applied to these data the returned parameter estimates were not physiologically realistic. Over the entire frequency range, a significantly improved fit was obtained with the six-element model of DuBois et al. (J. Appl. Physiol. 8: 587-594, 1956), since it could follow the predominate frequency-dependent characteristic that was the increase in resistance. The resulting parameter estimates suggested that the shunt compliance represents alveolar gas compressibility, the central branch represents airways, and the peripheral branch represents lung and chest wall tissues. This six-element model could not fit, with the same set of parameter values, both the frequency-dependent decrease in Rrs and the frequency-dependent increase in resistance. A nine-element model recently proposed by Peslin et al. (J. Appl. Physiol. 39: 523-534, 1975) was capable of fitting both the frequency-dependent decrease and the frequency-dependent increase in resistance. However, the data only between 4 and 64 Hz was not sufficient to consistently determine unique values for all nine parameters.
Modulated in Vitro Biocompatibility of a Unique Cross-Linked Salicylic Acid–Poly(ε-caprolactone)-Based Biodegradable Polymer (2016)

Herein, we report the development of a unique architecture by chemically cross-linking salicylic acid (SA)-based poly(anhydride ester) onto a biodegradable amine-functionalized poly(caprolactone) (PCL), using lactic acid as a spacer. The ester and amide linkages in the SA-PCL polymer, synthesized through melt condensation, were confirmed by NMR and FT-IR spectroscopic techniques. The enzymatic and nonenzymatic hydrolytic degradation profile exhibited linear degradation kinetics over an extended time period (>5 weeks). The compatibility and growth of C2C12 myoblast cells were found to be significantly improved on the fast-degrading SA-PCL substrates compared to those over neat PCL and amine-functionalized PCL. Further, the decreased red blood cell damage, illustrated by 0.39% hemolysis activity and a minimal number of platelet adhesion on a SA-PCL polymeric surface confirmed good hemocompatibility of the as-synthesized polymer. Together with a moderate bactericidal property, the spectrum of properties of this novel polymer can be attributed to the synergistic effect of the presence of chemical moieties of SA and amine groups in PCL. In summary, it is considered that a SA-PCL-based cross-linked composite can be utilized as a new biodegradable polymer.
Comment on Flagel et al.: Sign-tracking as a predictor of addiction vulnerability (2021)

Computed tomography (CT) imaging in acute stroke is an established and fairly widespread approach, but there is no data on applicability of intraosseous (IO) contrast administration in the case of failed intravenous (IV) cannula placement. Here, we present the first case of IO contrast administration for CT imaging in suspected acute stroke providing a dedicated CT examination protocol and analysis of achieved image quality as well as a review of available literature.
Initial performance of Los Alamos advanced free electron laser (1993)

The Los Alamos compact Advanced FEL has lased at 4.7 and 5.2 {mu}m with a 1-cm period wiggler and a high-brightness electron beam at 16.8 and 15.8 MeV, respectively. The measured electron beam normalized emittance is 1.7 {pi}{center_dot}mm{center_dot}mrad at a peak current of 100 A, corresponding to a beam brightness greater than 2 {times} 10{sup 12} A/m{sup 2}rad{sup 2}. Initial results indicate that the AFEL small signal gain is {approximately}8% at 0.3 nC (30 A peak). The maximum output energy is 7 mJ over a 2-{mu}s macropulse. The AFEL performance can be significantly enhanced by improvements in the rf and drive laser stability.