gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PO 8397 VIRAL SUPPRESSION AMONG CAMEROONIAN ADULTS, ADOLESCENTS AND CHILDREN RECEIVING ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY IN THE ‘TEST & TREAT’ ERA (2019)

Background Global efforts in meeting the 90–90–90 targets reveal that 70% of infected people know their HIV status, 77% of these are receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) and 82% of treated patients have viral suppression. Since launching the ‘test and treat’ strategy and wider access to drugs that bring down the viral load (VL), evaluating viral suppression would help to identify those requiring interventions and to make progress towards meeting the targets in Cameroon. Methods A study was conducted from October 2015 to August 2017 amongst adults (≥20 years), adolescents (10–19) and children (0–9) at 12, 24, 36 and ≥48 months on ART, monitored at the Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre for research on HIV/AIDS prevention and management (CIRCB) in Yaoundé, Cameroon. VL was established using Abbott m2000RT-PCR. VS was defined as VL &lt;1000 copies/ml; with p&lt;0,05 considered significant. Results A total of 1979 patients (70% female) were enrolled (1825 adults, 112 adolescents, 42 children); 1865 were on first-line (NNRTI-based, duration: 48 [IQR 24–48] months) vs. 114 on second-line (PI/r-based, duration: 48 [IQR 36–48] months); with 19%(368) at Month2, 14%(274) at Month24, 10%(207) at Month36% and 54% (1130) at ≥Month48. Overall, viral suppression was 79.4%, and 64.3% had controlled viral replication (VL &lt;40). On first-line, viral suppression was 79.7% (1487) vs. 72.2%(83) on second-line (p=0,076). By ART duration, viral suppression was 83.4%(Month12), 85.8%(Month24), 74.9%(Month36) and 77.3% (≥Month48); p=0,0011. By age-range, viral suppression was 76.2% in children, 54.5% in adolescents, and 80.9% in adults (p&lt;0,0001). By age and ART-regimen, viral suppression on first vs. second line was: children 76.5% vs. 60%; adolescents 51.7% vs. 65.2%; and adults 81.2% vs. 74.7%. Conclusion About 80% of Cameroonian patients might be experiencing viral suppression, with a declining performance at adolescence and by 3 years of ART experience. Thus, meeting the viral suppression target by 2020 requires a closer VL monitoring strategy and an adapted adherence support mechanism for adolescents living with HIV in resource-limited settings sharing similar challenges.
Oxidant Addition Effect on Ge[sub 2]Sb[sub 2]Te[sub 5] Phase Change Film Chemical Mechanical Polishing (2008)

We studied the oxidant addition effect on chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) of (GST) phase change film. Atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize GST CMP performance. The surface roughness was reduced from by oxidant addition. The surface chemical state of GST after being dipped in static condition (absence of polishing) was measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and the surface top view conducted by SEM. The data showed that Ge, Sb, and Te had been oxidized by and the surface oxide layer was formed. The oxidation mechanisms of GST alloy are briefly discussed in terms of XPS spectra and oxide theory. Finally, the chemical effect on the GST CMP process is discussed and presented with previous results.
Novel Partial Agonists for the Histamine H3 Receptor with High in Vitro and in Vivo Activity (1999)

Novel branched N-alkylcarbamates and aliphatic ethers derived from 3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanol were prepared. The compounds were investigated on two functional histamine H(3)-receptor assays. Some compounds displayed partial agonist activity on synaptosomes of rat brain cortex but behaved as pure competitive antagonists on the guinea pig ileum. Under in vivo conditions after po application to mice, some of the compounds showed partial or full agonist activity. Highest in vivo potency was found for the 3,3-dimethylbutyl ether 10 (ED(50) = 0.29 mg/kg, full intrinsic activity). These novel agonists are structurally diverse from classical aminergic histamine H(3)-receptor agonists (e.g., (R)-alpha-methylhistamine, imetit) as they lack a basic moiety in the side chain, which is supposed to be important for the activation of the receptor protein. The selectivity for the histamine H(3) receptor was proven by determination of H(1)- and H(2)-receptor activity on functional assays of the guinea pig.
Temperature dependence of current-voltage characteristics of Ag–La0.7Ca0.3MnO3–Pt heterostructures (2006)

Temperature dependence of the current-voltage characteristics of Ag–La0.7Ca0.3MnO3–Pt heterostructures was investigated and the related current conduction mechanism was discussed. Poole-Frenkel emission and trap-controlled space charge limited current mechanisms are employed to explain the carrier transport at low and high temperature regions, respectively. Obvious hysteresis is observed only in the region dominated by space charge limited current with traps exponentially distributed in energy. This can be explained by the retention behavior of trapped carriers at the Ag∕La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 interface layer. It is proposed that the resistance switching can be optimized for device application by the electrode/film interface defect engineering.
Cobalt hydroxide/oxide hexagonal ring-graphene hybrids through chemical etching of metal hydroxide platelets by graphene oxide: energy storage applications (2014)

The reaction of β-Co(OH)&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; hexagonal platelets with graphite oxide in an aqueous colloidal dispersion results in the formation of β-Co(OH)&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; hexagonal rings anchored to graphene oxide layers. The interaction between the basic hydroxide layers and the acidic groups on graphene oxide induces chemical etching of the hexagonal platelets, forming β-Co(OH)&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; hexagonal rings. On heating in air or N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, the hydroxide hybrid is morphotactically converted to porous Co&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;/CoO hexagonal ring–graphene hybrids. Porous NiCo&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; hexagonal ring–graphene hybrid is also obtained through a similar process starting from β-Ni&lt;sub&gt;0.33&lt;/sub&gt;Co&lt;sub&gt;0.67&lt;/sub&gt;(OH)&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; platelets. As electrode materials for supercapacitors or lithium-ion batteries, these materials exhibit a large capacity, high rate capability, and excellent cycling stability.
Smooth-disorder effects in ballistic microstructures (1996)

We analyze the effect of weak residual disorder in microstructures defined on high-mobility heterojunctions, where the classical electron motion is ballistic. We parameterize the disorder by its correlation length $\ensuremath{\xi}$ and the elastic mean free path $l$, which can be estimated from microscopic models. For the experimentally relevant case in which $\ensuremath{\xi}$ is not negligible with respect to the size of the microstructure, we present a perturbative semiclassical approach demonstrating that the reduction due to disorder of a two-point Green-function observable, like the average magnetic susceptibility, is intrinsically different from the bulk (power law depending on $l$ and $\ensuremath{\xi}$ instead of an exponential damping governed uniquely by $l$). The very weak damping that we obtain supports the use of clean (no disorder) models for the ballistic regime. Our analytical findings are confirmed by exact numerical calculations.
Serum IgG2 antibody multi-composition in systemic lupus erythematosus and in lupus nephritis (Part 2): prospective study (2020)

The Zeus study was registered at https://clinicaltrials.gov (study number: NCT02403115).
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Chemical Synthesis of (R)‐ and (S)‐Citramalate in High Enantiomeric Purity. (1986)

Abstract Ausgehend von den optisch reinen 2‐Ketooxathianen (I), lassen sich die gewünschten Titelverbindungen (VI) mit hoher Enantiomerenreinheit darstellen.
Privacy-preserving reinforcement learning (2008)

We consider the problem of distributed reinforcement learning (DRL) from private perceptions. In our setting, agents' perceptions, such as states, rewards, and actions, are not only distributed but also should be kept private. Conventional DRL algorithms can handle multiple agents, but do not necessarily guarantee privacy preservation and may not guarantee optimality. In this work, we design cryptographic solutions that achieve optimal policies without requiring the agents to share their private information.
Methionine depletion enhances the antitumoral efficacy of cytotoxic agents in drug-resistant human tumor xenografts. (2000)

Efficacy of chemotherapy is limited in numerous tumors by specific cellular mechanisms that inactivate cytotoxic antitumoral drugs, such as ATP-dependent drug efflux and/or drug detoxification by glutathione. In reducing ATP pools and/or glutathione synthesis, it might be possible to enhance the efficacy of drugs affected by such resistance mechanisms. Reduction of the ATP pool and glutathione content is achievable in cancer cells by depleting the exogenous methionine (Met) supply and ethionine. Thus, the rationale for the present study was to use Met depletion to decrease the ATP and glutathione pools so as to sensitize tumors refractory to cytotoxic anticancer drugs. Met depletion was achieved by feeding mice a methionine-free diet supplemented with homocysteine. The effects of Met depletion combined with ethionine and/or chemotherapeutic agents were studied using human solid cancers xenografted into nude mice. TC71-MA (a colon cancer) SCLC6 (a small cell lung cancer), and SNB19 (a glioma) were found to be refractory to cisplatin, doxorubicin, and carmustine, respectively. These three drugs are used to treat such tumors and are dependent for their activity on the lack of cellular ATP- or glutathione-dependent mechanisms of resistance. TC71-MA, SCLC6, and SNB19 were Met dependent because their proliferation in vitro and growth in vivo were reduced by Met depletion. Cisplatin was inactive in the treatment of TC71-MA colon cancer, whereas a methionine-free diet, alone or in combination with ethionine, prolonged the survival of mice by 2-fold and 2.8-fold, respectively. When all three approaches were combined, survival was prolonged by 3.3-fold. Doxorubicin did not affect the growth of SCLC6, a MDR1-MRP-expressing tumor. A Met-deprived diet and ethionine slightly decreased SCLC6 growth and, in combination with doxorubicin, an inhibition of 51% was obtained, with survival prolonged by 1.7-fold. Combined treatment produced greater tumor growth inhibition (74%) in SCLC6-Dox, a SCLC6 tumor pretreated with doxorubicin. Growth of SNB19 glioma was not inhibited by carmustine, but when it was combined with Met depletion, survival duration was prolonged by 2-fold, with a growth inhibition of 80%. These results indicate the potential of Met depletion to enhance the antitumoral effects of chemotherapeutic agents on drug-refractory tumors.
An improved double sampling scheme for switched-capacitor delta-sigma modulators (2003)

A switching scheme for a delta-sigma modulator (DSM) is described that allows double-sampled integrators to be used without degrading the performance of the DSM. To implement double sampling, two capacitors are required and it is impossible to assure perfect matching of these capacitors. With previously described switching methods, this capacitor mismatch causes a degradation in baseband signal-to-noise ratio. The novel switching scheme converts the capacitive mismatch into an additive out-of-band tone that has no impact on the performance of the DSM. Simulations have verified that, for arbitrary capacitor mismatches with an ideal op-amp, the improved double sampling scheme provides nearly perfect performance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Integration into the Sandface Tool System for Gravel and Frack-Pack Installations with a Fiber Optics Wet-Mate Connector System (2014)

Abstract Operators have always sought the capability to monitor pressure, temperature, and flow across the sandface in gravel and frack-pack (and stand-alone screen) completions in real time in order to optimize production, and gain advanced notice of remedial needs. In most sandface completions, the lower completion contains the screens, and the completion is performed in two stages: the service tool string is run first to perform pack operations, and the second stage "mates" the upper completion string to the lower completion. The unique capabilities of fiber optics sensing techniques such as Distributed Temperature Sensing, Point Pressure and Temperature, Array Temperature Sensing, and Distributed Acoustic Sensing can provide the desired production and reservoir information across the sandface. However, accomplishing this requires a fiber optics wet-mate connector system to link the fibers in the lower and upper completions. Weatherford had run a fiber optics wet-mate connector system in Oman in April 2005, and a key driver for the new connector system was to use a lower profile connector to maximize the production flow area with Halliburton's gravel and frack-pack completion technology. The design essentials for the 9 5/8-in. × 4 ½-in. to 5-in. system, and required field operations for successful deployment are described in the paper along with the development and qualification process performed in laboratory, and test well conditions completed in May 2013. These were to ensure that the two key challenges of alignment and debris management had been successfully resolved. The final System Integration Test (SIT) for qualification was run at approximately 3,000 ft, and witnessed by a major operator. Subsequently, a demonstration SIT in the same well was witnessed by multiple operators in November 2013. The mechanical and optical measurements taken during the qualification process will be presented to demonstrate that the desired production/reservoir information can be provided.
Multiphoton Dissociation of Organic Molecules: Step by Step Investigation with Laser Tandem Mass Spectrometry (1990)

Abstract Multiphoton ionization of molecules is connected with strong multiphoton dissociation of the molecular ions for high enough laser intensities. By varying the laser intensity, the degree of dissociation can be tuned from very soft (no fragmentation) to extremely hard. In earlier work we proposed and proved the “ladder‐switching” model to explain this process for excitation with nanosecond laser pulses. Recently, we developed a new laser tandem mass spectrometric technique which allows to investigate the fragmentation paths due to the “ladder‐switching” mechanism step by step. We applied this method to benzene cations and could verify the proposed tree of fragmentation pathways. Also a wavelength dependence of the fragmentation pattern has been detected and explained. Our new technique includes (i) a two stage ion source with laser ionization and second order space focus, (ii) secondary laser excitation and dissociation in this space focus and (iii) a reflectron time‐of‐flight analyzer.
Neoadjuvant epirubicin, gemcitabine, and docetaxel for primary breast cancer: Survival and prognostic factors in two consecutive neoadjuvant phase I/II trials. (2012)

1096 Background: We previously reported primary end points of two consecutive phase I/II trials which evaluated two different schedules of neoadjuvant gemcitabine (G), epirubicin (E) and docetaxel (Doc) for primary breast cancer. Here we report mature survival data and evaluate prognostic factors for disease-free (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Methods: 151 patients were treated in two phase I/II trials of G, E and Doc as neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for T2-4 N0-2 M0 PBC between Feb. ’02 and Dec. ’04. Patients were treated with six cycles of GEDoc (G 800mg/m 2 day (d) 1+8, E 60-90mg/m 2 d 1, Doc 60-75mg/m 2 d 1 every three weeks) or five cycles of G 1250mg/m 2 plus E 90-100mg/m 2 every two weeks followed sequentially by four cycles of Doc 80-100mg/m 2 every two weeks (GEsDoc). Pathologic complete response (pCR), clinical/pathological factors were correlated with DFS and OS. Results: There was no significant difference in DFS or OS between patients in the GEDoc and GEsDoc trial (DFS: Hazard ratio (HR) 1.13, p=0.67; OS: HR 1.06, p=0.88) with a 5-year DFS and OS of 72 vs 74% and 85 vs 86%, respectively. In an univariate analysis pCR unexpectedly was associated with a worse OS (HR 3.11; p= 0.007). HR for DFS showed a similar but non-significant trend (HR 1.78; p=0.1). Molecular subtypes (OS: HR [lum B] 3.17; [triple negative] 5.81; [HER2] 11.5; p=0.002), negative estrogen receptor (ER) status (OS: HR 3.14; p=0.002) and Ki-67 &gt;20% (OS: HR 5.41; p=0.001) were all significantly associated with DFS and OS. The recently published CPS-EG score (Mittendorf 2011) was also significantly correlated with OS (p=0.006) and DFS (p=0.0006). In a multivariate analysis high Ki-67 was the only significant predictor of OS (HR 10.4; p=0.0026) whereas molecular subtype (p=0.05) and Ki-67 (p=0.04) were significantly associated with DFS. Conclusions: These results raise caution on the reliability of pCR as a single surrogate marker for survival in trials with small sample sizes. Our results emphazise the role of additional factors, esp. Ki-67 and subtypes. Integrative scores based on clinical and pathologic stage as well as tumor biology, might be more reliable predictors of survival.
Multi-objective optimization of complex systems defined by rules (2010)

The decision making processes in complex systems necessitate the involvement of multiple experts who have a proficiency in domain knowledge. In support of the decision making systems, optimization models require a mathematical abstraction of the domain knowledge. The natural language of the domain is usually different from its mathematical expression. The difference causes an inflexibility in adapting the decision making process to a dynamically changing complex system. Even in a single organization, multiple experts bring multiple perspectives and restrictions in the decision making process, thus, we require a multi-objective optimization approach. Moreover, it is not practical to prioritize or weight their multiple preferences. Instead, they need to be presented with the trade-offs among multiple objectives. This challenging optimization problem requires a stochastic optimization approach. 
We develop an interactive rule-based optimization methodology. We enable the decision makers to define their problem in their natural domain language by rules, and to express their constraints by hard rules and preferences by soft rules. Our multi-objective interacting particle algorithm iteratively produces solutions that approximate a subset of Pareto optimal solutions. The interactive system presents them to the users to discuss and update their rules and ask for a new set of solutions to consider, until they agree on a solution. 
Our interactive methodology consists of several components. We first convert the user- defined rules into a global optimization space with continuous and integer valued decision variables. Feasibility is evaluated by the hard rules and the multiple objective functions are defined by the soft rules. We use our multi-objective interacting particle algorithm to solve this global optimization problem. It combines a population-based algorithm with a simulated annealing type algorithm. Our algorithm consists of exploration and selection steps. For exploration, we develop a Markov chain Monte Carlo sampler, Pattern Hit-and-Run, for integer and mixed continuous/integer domains. For selection, we employ Pareto ordering rules. We analyze these rules with respect to their emphasis on the Pareto optimal set. The exploration and selection mechanisms satisfy regularity conditions sufficient for the algorithm to converge to a stationary distribution associated with the Pareto ordering rules. 
We apply our methodology to a hospital evacuation problem. We plan the assignment of patients from a hospital to the other hospitals in the region in an emergency using hard and soft rules. 
Our interactive rule-based optimization methodology employs our multi-objective interacting particle algorithm, which narrows the gap between the domain knowledge and optimization modeling.
Profiling Online Social Behaviors for Compromised Account Detection (2015)

Account compromization is a serious threat to users of online social networks (OSNs). While relentless spammers exploit the established trust relationships between account owners and their friends to efficiently spread malicious spam, timely detection of compromised accounts is quite challenging due to the well established trust relationship between the service providers, account owners, and their friends. In this paper, we study the social behaviors of OSN users, i.e., their usage of OSN services, and the application of which in detecting the compromised accounts. In particular, we propose a set of social behavioral features that can effectively characterize the user social activities on OSNs. We validate the efficacy of these behavioral features by collecting and analyzing real user clickstreams to an OSN website. Based on our measurement study, we devise individual user's social behavioral profile by combining its respective behavioral feature metrics. A social behavioral profile accurately reflects a user's OSN activity patterns. While an authentic owner conforms to its account's social behavioral profile involuntarily, it is hard and costly for impostors to feign. We evaluate the capability of the social behavioral profiles in distinguishing different OSN users, and our experimental results show the social behavioral profiles can accurately differentiate individual OSN users and detect compromised accounts.
A 0.13 μm CMOS technology with 193 nm lithography and Cu/low-k for high performance applications (2002)

A leading-edge 0.13 /spl mu/m CMOS technology using 193 nm lithography and Cu/low-k interconnect is described in this paper. High performance 80 nm core devices use 17 /spl Aring/ nitrided oxide for 1.0-1.2 V operation. These devices deliver unloaded 8.5 ps gate delay @1.2 V. This technology also supports general ASIC applications with 20 /spl Aring/ oxide for 1.2-1.5 V operation and low-standby power applications with 26 /spl Aring/ for 1.5 V operation, respectively. Dual gate oxides of 50 or 65 /spl Aring/ are also supported for 2.5 V or 3.3 V I/O circuits respectively. Cu with low-k dielectric is used for the 8-layer metal interconnect system with tight pitch. The aggressive design rules and border-less contacts/vias support a high density 1P3M 2.43 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ 6T-SRAM cell without local interconnect. A suite of embedded SRAM cells (6T, 8T) with competitive density and performance optimized for different applications are also supported with memory compilers and large block macros.
Biocatalytic Oxidation of Primary and Secondary Alcohols (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Establishing the Prevalence and Prevalence at Birth of Hemophilia in Males (2019)

None.