gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Non-invasive stratification of hepatocellular carcinoma risk in non-alcoholic fatty liver using polygenic risk scores (2020)

By analyzing variations in genes that contribute to fatty liver disease, we developed two risk scores to help predict liver cancer in individuals with obesity-related metabolic complications. These risk scores can be easily tested in the clinic. We showed that the risk scores helped to identify the risk of liver cancer both in high-risk individuals and in the general population.
The Marr conjecture and uniqueness of wavelet transforms (2018)

The inverse question of identifying a function from the nodes (zeroes) of its wavelet transform arises in a number of fields. These include whether the nodes of a heat or hypoelliptic equation solution determine its initial conditions, and in mathematical vision theory the Marr conjecture, on whether an image is mathematically determined by its edge information. We prove a general version of this conjecture by reducing it to the moment problem, using a basis dual to the Taylor monomial basis $x^\alpha$ on $\mathbb {R}^n$.
An Experimental Study of the Nonlinear Dynamics of Floating Cranes (1999)

This paper gives a comparative overview of the operation capabilities of different crane vessel types. It demonstrates that the dynamic behaviour of moored floating cranes can be treated as being linear over a wide range of applications. Under certain conditions, however, the coupled system of floating structure and swinging load shows distinctly nonlinear phenomena and parametric oscillations can occur. In such cases a safe heavy lift operation cannot be guaranteed since the linear methods underestimate the occurring loads and motions. Nonlinear mooring line forces are a major cause of nonlinear crane vessel and load motions. Seakeeping tests have been carried out using a MAGNUS crane barge model at a scale of 1 : 25 in regular head seas. Time series show a coexistence of 2- and 3-periodic motions with significantly increased amplitudes compared to the 1-periodic linear mode. Surge and pitch motion of the floating body as well as the coupled motion of the swinging load are substantially influenced by the nonlinear restoring forces. High peaks in the mooring line forces occur due to increased surge amplitudes.
Targeting the ERK signaling pathway in cancer therapy (2006)

The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway is a major determinant in the control of diverse cellular processes such as proliferation, survival, differentiation and motility. This pathway is often up-regulated in human tumors and as such represents an attractive target for the development of anticancer drugs. Because of its multiple roles in the acquisition of a complex malignant phenotype, specific blockade of the ERK pathway is expected to result in not only an anti-proliferative effect but also in anti-metastatic and anti-angiogenic effects in tumor cells. Recently potent small-molecule inhibitors targeting the components of the ERK pathway have been developed. Among them, BAY 43-9006 (Raf inhibitor), and PD184352, PD0325901 and ARRY-142886 (MEK1/2 inhibitors) have reached the clinical trial stage. We briefly discuss the possibility that combination of ERK pathway inhibitors (cytostatic agents) and conventional anticancer drugs (cytotoxic agents) provides an excellent basis for the development of new chemotherapeutic strategies against cancer.
The Role of the Microbiome in Cancer and Therapy Efficacy: Focus on Lung Cancer (2020)

The microbiome is extremely important for human health; more recently its role in the context of cancer became clear. Microbial effects range from enhancing cancer immunity and cancer therapy efficacy, to promoting cancer progression and inhibiting treatment efficacy. These broad implications led researchers to investigate these specific interactions, as well as how modification of the microbiome can improve cancer survival and treatment efficacy. While these interactions are better established for cancers such as gastric cancer, they are far less understood in others. As non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) makes up the majority of lung cancer cases, and is among the top causes of cancer deaths worldwide, understanding the mechanisms by which the microbiome may impact progression and treatment is crucial to improve patient survival and treatment response. A literature review was conducted to reveal the crosslink between human microbiome and lung cancer. This includes immune priming, induction of pro- or anti-tumor response, and the local effects of intra-tumoral microbiota. Overall, this is a complex multifactorial relationship, and there are broad implications as to how this knowledge can improve cancer treatment. Solutions include manipulation of the microbiome using probiotics, bacterial vaccines and antibiotics. Bacteria biomarkers may also be used as a diagnostic tool.
Effects of perchlorate on excitation‐contraction coupling in frog and crayfish skeletal muscle. (1992)

1. The effects of perchlorate on various aspects of excitation-contraction coupling in frog and crayfish skeletal muscle have been examined in optical and electrophysiological experiments on voltage-clamped cut muscle fibres. 2. In the frog, perchlorate shifted the voltage dependence of charge movement and consequent sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ release, but it had little effect on the slow inward calcium current. 3. In the crayfish, perchlorate had little effect on either calcium currents or the SR Ca2+ release that contributes to myoplasmic Ca2+ elevations. 4. Two alternative explanations for these results are discussed. There may be two functional types of dihydropyridine receptors, those (perchlorate sensitive) that communicate with the ryanodine receptor via charge movement and those (perchlorate insensitive) that function solely as Ca2+ entry points. Alternatively, the results would be consistent with two separate voltage sensors on each dihydropyridine receptor, only one of which is perchlorate sensitive.
COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY OF THE SOFT TISSUES IN THE WRIST (1983)

Cone, R. O. M.D.; Resnick, D. M.D.; Szabo, R. M.D.; Gelberman, R. M.D.; Taleisnik, J. M.D. Author Information
Minocycline Enhances the Antimicrobial Capacity of Unpolarized Macrophages Against Acinetobacter baumannii While Inducing an Anti-inflammatory Profile (2017)

Acinetobacter baumannii (AB) is a Gram-negative pathogen associated with high patient morbidity and mortality in nosocomial infections. Limited treatment options are available or in development for multidrug-resistant (MDR) AB, and therefore new approaches using older antibiotics are necessary. Minocycline (MIN) may hold potential in the treatment of complicated infections, as it has demonstrated a very high clinical success rate with MDR-AB microbiological eradication. MIN is known to affect the host immune response, and it may also have additional immunomodulatory effects as an antibiotic against MDR-AB. This study evaluates MIN effects on macrophage eradication of AB 5075, a well-characterized, virulent, MDR strain. We differentiated a human monocyctic cell line (THP-1) into unpolarized macrophages and subsequently treated the cells with different MIN doses or other antibiotic comparisons for 24 hours, including therapeutic concentrations found in serum and alveolar fluid during treatment. We then removed MIN and cultured AB at the exponential growth phase with the treated cells for 6 hours, and plated supernatant samples to determine bacterial growth potential followed by analysis of the co-culture supernatants for inflammatory cytokine production via ELISAs. MIN pretreatment enhanced the antibacterial activity of unpolarized macrophages against AB with up to a 3-log reduction in bacterial load (Figure 1A), which was not observed when macrophages were pretreated with six different antibiotics (Figure 1B). MIN pretreatment correlated with an anti-inflammatory macrophage profile during AB co-culture (Figure 2), reducing production of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, and MCP-1 in a dose-dependent manner. The enhanced antimicrobial activity of minocycline-treated macrophages was due to increased phagocytosis and the increased production of antimicrobial peptides. We demonstrate that minocycline can positively modulate the antibacterial and inflammatory profiles of macrophages against AB. This immunomodulation effect may partially explain the positive clinical success of MIN in complex patients with MDR-AB. Additional PK/PD studies will be important to optimize this effect. W. Rose, Theravance: Consultant, Grant Investigator and Speaker’s Bureau, Consulting fee, Research grant and Speaker honorarium. Merck: Grant Investigator, Research grant. The Medicines Company: Speaker’s Bureau, Speaker honorarium. Visante, Inc.: Consultant, Consulting fee. D. R. Andes, Paratek: Grant Investigator, Research support.
Motorcycle tire rolling radius estimation for TPMS applications via GPS sensing (2017)

An accurate knowledge of the tire effective rolling radius is fundamental for many vehicle dynamics applications relying on an estimate of the vehicle speed, like ABS, stability and traction control. It may also serve as a tool to detect tire deflation and improve the safety on-board. Many algorithms for rolling radius estimation have been presented in the literature, but most of them cannot be applied on production vehicles, as they require too accurate measurements or a too high sampling rate. In this work, a signal processing procedure for on-line estimation of the rolling radius is presented, with a focus on motorcycles and pressure monitoring applications. The procedure assumes that a standard production Gps sensor is available and it is tested on a real production motorcycle.
Therapeutic contact lenses for ophthalmic drug delivery: major challenges (2020)

Eye drop solutions are widely used by the ophthalmologist to treat the anterior segment eye diseases. However, eye drop solutions have many limitations including low bioavailability, high dose requirements, and poor patient compliance. Contact lenses are used to deliver the ocular drugs with high ocular bioavailability due to its immediate location to cornea. To attend controlled and prolonged drug release from the contact lenses, scientists are working on various systems including polymeric nanoparticles, molecular imprinting, microemulsion, micelles, liposomes, implantation, supercritical fluids, and use of vitamin E. However, the changes in the critical lens properties like swelling, optical transparency, ion permeability, tensile strength, oxygen permeability, high burst release, issues during monomer extraction, sterilization and storage are yet to address. The review is focused on the commercial challenges with different methodologies to develop therapeutic contact lenses for commercial market. Many animal and clinical studies are under pipeline and it is likely that the therapeutic contact lenses will be commercialized in next few years.
Embedded-mirror semiconductor laser (1984)

Data are presented demonstrating the operation of a current-injection laser diode with embedded reflectors instead of etched or cleaved facets. The laser structure, grown by molecular beam epitaxy, uses AlAs-GaAs superlattices SL’s in place of conventional AlxGa1−xAs cladding layers. The sample is patterned, etched, and Zn diffused to selectively disorder the SL cladding layers producing a ∼200×∼100 μm rectangular laser cavity embedded in the surrounding AlxGa1−xAs. Following Si3N4 deposition and metallization, the diodes are cut (not cleaved) with intentionally damaged edges. These devices operate as lasers (77 K, pulsed operation) with a mode spacing corresponding to either the ∼100-μm or the ∼200-μm cavity length formed by the selective interdiffusion of the SL cladding layer. This embedded-mirror laser structure may be useful in the development of optical integrated circuits by allowing semiconductor lasers to be monolithically integrated with other optical devices.
The Analysis and Modeling of Phase Stability and Multiphase Designs in High Temperature Refractory Metal-Silicon-Boron Alloys (2006)

Abstract : In order to satisfy the challenging materials requirements for operation in a high temperature (T greater than 1400 degrees C) environment, multiphase alloy microstructures in the Mo-Si-B system involving the Mo5SiB2 (T2) intermetallic phase have been identified that offer high melting temperature, oxidation resistance and attractive high temperature mechanical properties. With the T2 phase as the focal point of the microstructure designs, the fundamental basis of the alloying behavior in T2 has been established in terms of the governing geometric and electronic factors. For non-stoichiometric compositions, it has been determined that constitutional defects such as vacancies for Mo-rich compositions and anti-site defects for Mo-lean compositions control the homogeneity range. Moreover, the aggregation of constitutional vacancies has been discovered to play a key role in the development of dislocation and precipitation reactions in the T2 phase that directly impact high temperature structural performance. To establish the essential database for computational modeling, an experimental campaign has been pursued in the current work to measure high temperature solubility up to 1950 degrees C, to quantify sluggish diffusion and to characterize the defect structure in the T2 phase.
Duration of Menopausal Hot Flushes and Associated Risk Factors (2011)

The median duration of hot flushes considerably exceeded the timeframe that is generally accepted in clinical practice. The identified risk factors, particularly menopausal stage, race, and BMI, are important to consider in individualizing treatment and evaluating the risk-to-benefit ratio of hormones and other therapies.
Self-Assessed Severity as a Determinant of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Symptom Specificity: A Longitudinal Cohort Study (2022)

Coronavirus disease 2019 symptom definitions rarely include symptom severity. We collected daily nasal swab samples and symptom diaries from contacts of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) case patients. Requiring ≥1 moderate or severe symptom reduced sensitivity to predict SARS-CoV-2 shedding from 60.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 52.9%-66.7%) to 31.5% (95% CI, 25.7%- 38.0%) but increased specificity from 77.5% (95% CI, 75.3%-79.5%) to 93.8% (95% CI, 92.7%-94.8%).
9 T high magnetic field annealing effects on FeN bulk sample (2014)

α″-Fe16N2 has been suggested as a promising candidate for future rare-earth-free magnets. In this paper, we report to use high magnetic field (9 T) assisted post-annealing process to enhance the Fe16N2 phase formation in FeN bulk rod samples during the α′ → α″ phase transformation and thus improve its magnetic properties. It was found by X-ray Diffraction measurement that the volume ratio of Fe16N2 phase was increased up to 22%, which corresponds to an increase in the amount of transformation from α′ → α″ up to 78%. Also, the saturation magnetization (Ms) of the prepared FeN rod sample was increased to 227 emu/g with its coercivity up to 376 Oe at room temperature. A working mechanism for the high field assisted post-annealing process was presented.
Effect of serotonin on phosphorylation of ribosomal p70 S6 kinase in primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes (2019)

Previously, we reported that serotonin (5-hydoxytryptamine; 5-HT) induced DNA synthesis and proliferation in primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes. The 5-HT effect was due to transforming growth factor (TGF)-α secreted by activation of 5-HT2B receptor/phospholipase C (PLC)/Ca2+ pathway. In this study, we investigated whether 5-HT would stimulate phosphorylation of ribosomal p70 S6 kinase (p70S6K) in the cultured cells. Phosphorylated p70S6K was identified by Western blotting analysis using anti-phospho-p70S6K monoclonal antibody. The phosphorylated p70S6K was increased at 5 min, and reached a peak at 30 min after 5-HT addition. On the other hand, the phosphorylation of p70S6K induced by 5-HT was completely abolished the 5-HT2B receptor antagonist, LY272015, U-73122, a PLC inhibitor, BAPTA/AM, a membrane-permeable Ca2+ chelator, verapamil, L-type Ca2+ channel blocker, and somatostatin. Moreover, specific inhibitors of growth-related signal transducers (e.g., LY294002, PD98059, and rapamycin) blocked phosphorylation of p70S6K induced by 5-HT. These results suggest that secretion of TGF-α accelerates hepatocyte proliferation through the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/p70S6K pathway.
Measurement of Temperature in GaN HEMTs by Gate End-to-End Resistance (2016)

We have used the gate end-to-end (GEE) resistance method to measure channel temperatures in GaN HEMTs. This method is appealing for its simplicity and sensitivity to temperature immediately adjacent to the base of the gate, where several important degradation mechanisms occur. This region is not normally accessible with optical measurement techniques, due to shadowing by the gate and field plate overhangs; yet, it is considerably hotter than the regions that can be reached with optics. We found agreement with a finite-difference model, with reasonable inputs for the thermal barrier resistance at the SiC-GaN interface and temperature coefficients. We repeated this successfully for a second GaN HEMT technology with a very different gate geometry. Finally, we conducted micro-Raman measurements on FETs from the first technology and found excellent agreement with the GEE measurement, once it had been adapted to the more-distant location of the micro-Raman laser spot, by means of our finite-difference model. We conclude that GEE is a valuable tool, complementary to micro-Raman, for calibrating thermal models.
Final cut pro (2002)

Final cut pro is the darling of many video editors, especially those who have had to pay for their own editing system. When it first hit the market it was a fraction of the cost of its cheapest competitor. As FCP has gone through its revisions to version 2, which ironed out a few bugs and added plenty of new features, and is n ow onto version 3 which fixes more limitations, adds even more features and runs on Macintosh OSX, it has really become an incredibly powerful tool. Coming from a television background, I was not overly impressed with version 1, when version 2 came along I started to warm to the programme, and now, with version 3, I'm something of a convert.
Two Separate NCoR (Nuclear Receptor Corepressor) Interaction Domains Mediate Corepressor Action on Thyroid Hormone Response Elements (1998)

The nuclear corepressor (NCoR) binds to the thyroid hormone receptor (TR) in the absence of ligand. NCoR-TR interactions are mediated by two interaction domains in the C-terminal portion of NCoR. Binding of NCoR to TR results in ligand-independent repression on positive thyroid hormone response elements. The interactions between NCoR interaction domains and TR on DNA response elements, however, have not been well characterized. We have found that both interaction domains are capable of binding TR on thyroid hormone response elements. In addition, the NCoR interaction domains interact much more strongly with the TR than those present in the silencing mediator of retinoic acid and TRs (SMRT). Furthermore, deletion of either NCoR interaction domain does not significantly impair ligand-independent effects on positive or negative thyroid hormone response elements. Finally, both NCoR interaction domains appear to preferentially bind TR homodimer over TR-retinoid X receptor heterodimer in electrophoretic mobility shift assays. These data suggest that either NCoR interaction domain is capable of mediating the ligand-independent effects of TR on positive and negative thyroid hormone response elements.
On cooling/heating mechanisms in a self-cooled light-emitting diode with type-II band offset (2019)

A p+-i-n+ self-cooled light-emitting diode with type-II band offset is numerically simulated in one-dimension to examine the underlying cooling/heating mechanisms. The Peltier effect is confirmed to be the dominant cooling mechanism under forward bias, even when the carriers are injected without an energy barrier. Meanwhile, Joule heating in the active layer is identified as the main heating mechanism for bandgaps below 0.52 eV under an ultra-low forward bias. In contrast to non-radiative recombination, electroluminescence itself is found to be a cooling mechanism, producing most photons above the bandgap of the active layer. However, this effect only becomes noticeable under an ultra-low bias in very small bandgap materials. While it is desirable to inject more carriers to leverage larger band offsets for a higher cooling power, Joule heating limits the maximum cooling power achievable. With small band offsets (&amp;lt;0.21 eV), a reverse bias instead of a forward bias may become the best cooling condition, where non-radiative generation processes are discovered to be the dominant cooling mechanisms.
Vismodegib, an antagonist of hedgehog signaling, directly alters taste molecular signaling in taste buds (2014)

Vismodegib, a highly selective inhibitor of hedgehog (Hh) pathway, is an approved treatment for basal-cell carcinoma. Patients on treatment with vismodegib often report profound alterations in taste sensation. The cellular mechanisms underlying the alterations have not been studied. Sonic Hh (Shh) signaling is required for cell growth and differentiation. In taste buds, Shh is exclusively expressed in type IV taste cells, which are undifferentiated basal cells and the precursors of the three types of taste sensing cells. Thus, we investigated if vismodegib has an inhibitory effect on taste cell turnover because of its known effects on Hh signaling. We gavaged C57BL/6J male mice daily with either vehicle or 30 mg/kg vismodegib for 15 weeks. The gustatory behavior and immunohistochemical profile of taste cells were examined. Vismodegib-treated mice showed decreased growth rate and behavioral responsivity to sweet and bitter stimuli, compared to vehicle-treated mice. We found that vismodegib-treated mice had significant reductions in taste bud size and numbers of taste cells per taste bud. Additionally, vismodegib treatment resulted in decreased numbers of Ki67- and Shh-expressing cells in taste buds. The numbers of phospholipase Cβ2- and α-gustducin-expressing cells, which contain biochemical machinery for sweet and bitter sensing, were reduced in vismodegib-treated mice. Furthermore, vismodegib treatment resulted in reduction in numbers of T1R3, glucagon-like peptide-1, and glucagon-expressing cells, which are known to modulate sweet taste sensitivity. These results suggest that inhibition of Shh signaling by vismodegib treatment directly results in alteration of taste due to local effects in taste buds.
Pulmonary Artery Aneurysm: A Case Report and Management of this Uncommon Pathology (2014)

Pulmonary artery aneurysm is a rare pathology and the optimal treatment approach remains unclear in the absence of clear guidelines. We report a case of pulmonary aneurysm and discuss the treatment options.