gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recombinant AAV Delivery to the Central Nervous System (2011)

Recombinant AAV-mediated gene delivery to the CNS can be performed either by direct delivery at the target site or from the periphery, using intramuscular injections and retrograde transport along motor neuron projections or intravenous injections and blood-brain barrier crossing.In this chapter, we describe: 1. Methods for recombinant virus administration, including stereotactic surgery, intramuscular, and intravenous administration. 2. Methods to evaluate the number and biodistribution of brain and spinal cord cells expressing the transgene by immunohistochemisty as well as the amount of transgene product by ELISA in the target region. 3. Methods to characterize the cellular specificity of transgene expression by double immunofluorescence. 4. Methods to quantify the amounts of viral DNA as well as of transgene mRNA by quantitative PCR and RT-PCR, respectively.
Briki: A Flexible Java Compiler (1996)

We present a Java compiler architecture which uses a unique combination of front- and back-ends to deliver great flexibility. Our compiler is designed to use the same optimization passes no matter which pair of front- and back-end is used. The compiler can be configured as a traditional stand-alone compiler (which compiles Java source into Java bytecodes). Another configuration can be used as an on-the-fly optimizer (which optimizes applets as they are loaded from the network). We can also compile Java directly to native code, thus using Java as a replacement for one of the traditional programming languages. Other interesting setups are also possible. This flexibility is achieved by using a common intermediate representation, JavaIR (Java Intermediate Representation). Multiple front-ends convert various input formats (Java source, bytecode) into JavaIR. Once represented as JavaIR an application can be transformed with any of the existing passes. The modified JavaIR form of an application can be written out in one of the supported output formats. Althoughcompilers with multiple front- and back-ends have already existed, our approach is unique in supporting high-level code transformations even on applications which are distributed without the source program. Since Briki is written in Java it can be easily integrated into any Java application (e.g. a WWW browser) which dynamically loads applets from the network to provide capabilities of on-the-fly optimization.
Protein Splicing of Inteins with Atypical Glutamine and Aspartate C-terminal Residues (2004)

Inteins are protein-splicing domains present in many proteins. They self-catalyze their excision from the host protein, ligating their former flanks by a peptide bond. The C-terminal residue of inteins is typically an asparagine (Asn). Cyclization of this residue to succinimide causes the final detachment of inteins from their hosts. We studied protein-splicing activity of two inteins with atypical C-terminal residues. One having a C-terminal glutamine (Gln), isolated from Chilo iridescent virus (CIV), and another unique intein, first reported here, with a C-terminal aspartate, isolated from Carboxydothermus hydrogenoformans (Chy). Protein-splicing activity was examined in the wild-type inteins and in several mutants with N- and C-terminal amino acid substitutions. We demonstrate that both wild-type inteins can protein splice, probably by new variations of the typical protein-splicing mechanism. Substituting the atypical C-terminal residue to the typical Asn retained protein-splicing only in the CIV intein. All diverse C-terminal substitutions in the Chy intein (Asp(345) to Asn, Gln, Glu, and Ala) abolished protein-splicing and generated N- and C-terminal cleavage. The observed C-terminal cleavage in the Chy intein ending with Ala cannot be explained by cyclization of this residue. We present and discuss several new models for reactions in the protein-splicing pathway.
Seismological Stress Drops for Confined Ruptures Are Invariant to Normal Stress (2023)

Abstract Seismic moment and rupture length can be combined to infer stress drop, a key parameter for assessing earthquakes. In natural earthquakes, stress drops are largely depth‐independent, which is surprising given the expected dependence of frictional stress on normal stresses and hence overburden. We have developed a transparent experimental fault that allows direct observation of thousands of slip events, with ruptures that are fully contained within the fault. Surprisingly, the observed stress drops are largely independent of both the magnitude of normal stress and its heterogeneity, capturing the independence seen in nature. However, we observe larger, normal stress‐dependent stress drops when the fault area is reduced, which allows slip events to frequently reach the edge of the interface. We conclude that confined ruptures have normal stress independent stress drops, and thus the depth‐independent stress drops of tectonic earthquakes may be a consequence of their confined nature.
Impact of Rare Earth Additions on Transition Metal Oxides as Negative Electrodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries (2008)

Transition metal oxides have been proposed as negative electrode material candidates for lithium-ion batteries because they can reversibly react with lithium via a displacement reaction to deliver two to three times the specific capacity of graphite. However, the practical application of transition metal oxides has been frustrated by their inconvenient working potential. Here, the impact of the addition of rare earth (RE) elements to transition metal (TM) oxides as negative electrodes was studied. Thin films of pseudobinary misch-metal–Fe–O libraries (misch metal is a mixture of common RE elements) were prepared by combinatorial sputtering methods. Powdered perovskite-structured RE–TM– samples, including , , and , were synthesized by solid-state methods. The structural and electrochemical characterizations of these samples are presented here. It was found that the addition of RE elements decreases the working potential of TM oxides. However, the specific capacity is undesirably lowered.
The impact of patient-centered medical homes on safety net clinics. (2016)

Adopting a PCMH model in safety net practices can effectively reduce ED use and increase the use of office visits among Medicaid patients. However, the beneficial effects of the PCMH model can be muted by a sudden influx of high-need users.
Comparison of nonequilibrium flows past a simplified Space-Shuttle configuration (1997)

A numerical method is described for the integration of the time- dependent Navier-Stokes equations including the conservation of partical densities and vibration energies of an air mixture. Thermochemical nonequilibrium solutions are performed for flows past a simplified Space-Shuttle configuration known as HALIS. The investigations focus on ground-to-flight extrapolation with respect to chemical reactions and aerodynamic properties. The accuracy of the numerical method is addressed by grid- and time-convergence studies and by comparison with experimental data obtained in ONERA's tunnel F4.
Boresight errors induced by missile radomes (1979)

Radome induced boresight errors are defined in terms of antenna difference port to sum port voltage ratios. The antenna port voltages are derived using the reaction integral for the case of a planar waveguide slot array in the presence of a dielectric radome. Radome transmission uses planar slab results. Both the antenna reflection and the radome shadow contribution are taken into account. Although only linear copolarized comparisons are presented here, the analysis is kept arbitrary with respect to incident and seeker antenna polarizations. Measurements include a line source experiment that tests the antenna model sensitivity to geometry. A simple distributed source experiment, in the form of a planar slab radome with thickness corrugation, tests the influence of transmission through varying wall thickness. Effects of curvature are assessed with an offset hemisphere radome and finally a series of tangent ogive radome comparisons verify the limits of the analysis. A trend for the yaw errors to be less accurate than the pitch errors is consistently noted for the tangent ogive radomes, and this behavior is discussed.
Characterization of High Frequency Arcs under Atmospheric Pressure for Different Electrode Gaps (2021)

There is a drive in the aviation industry towards more-electric aircraft (MEA) to replace fuel-driven airplane engines with more-electric power systems and improved efficiency. This requires a higher on-board electric power generation and a higher operating frequency to maintain a compact power system architecture. However, higher operating voltages in aeronautical environment, coupled with the need to maintain compact design, increase the risk of arcing. Arc faults are characterized by their high current magnitude which could lead to a significant release of energy that may damage the equipment as well as the adjacent components. The length of the electrode gap across which the arc ignites is one factor that determines the arc severity. This paper investigates the arc over a range of electrode gaps from 2.5 to 100 mm under atmospheric pressure and within a high-frequency circuit. For gaps &#x2264; 40 mm, the arc voltage increases as the arc cools down, whilst for gaps &#x2265; 50 mm the arc voltage decreases. The results conclude that longer gaps in this underdamped circuit setup exhibit a lower arc voltage with lower arc current, which is different to the arc behavior observed in shorter electrode gaps.
A Brief Review of Polymer Blend Technology (1979)

Thermodynamically miscible, single amorphous-phase multi-component polymer blends with good physical properties are rapidly being discovered as researchers become aware that miscible polymer pairs require chemical structures which form strong specific interactions. Thermodynamically immiscible, multiphase blends continue to be developed as a variety of methods, including use of interfacial agents, morphology control, and interpenetrating network formation, are used to improve physical properties by enhancing interphase stress transfer. Recent commercial applications of both types of blends are given and their economic and property advantages are discussed.
[Effect of curcumine on the nuclear pathway of JNK during hippocampal ischemia/reperfusion injury in SHR]. (2010)

Neuronal apoptosis and the expressions of c-jun and c-fos are more in SHR hippocampal. Global brain ischemia/reperfusion injury induces more expressions of apoptosis in hippocampal neuron in SHR, and the more expressions of c-jun and c-fos may participate in that process. The neuroprotection of curcumine in SHR is related to c-jun and c-fos.
α-Cyclodextrins reversibly capped with disulfide bonds (2010)

Per-O-methyl-6I,6IV-disulfanyl-6I,6IV-dideoxy-α-cyclodextrin undergoes air oxidation at pH 9 to exclusively form a monomeric species having an intramolecular disulfide linkage capping the C6I and C6IV positions. In contrast, its non-methylated analogue, 6I,6IV-disulfanyl-6I,6IV-dideoxy-α-cyclodextrin, gives a mixture of monomeric and dimeric species under the same conditions. Molecular models show that in both cases of the monomeric species, the disulfide bonds effectively close the primary rims of the cyclodextrin cavities. The disulfide bonds of the capped cyclodextrins could be cleaved by reduction with dithiothreitol. Thus, the macrocyclic system can interchange the open-ended and cup-like forms by the application of external stimuli.
[New research techniques in human nutrition]. (1992)

Accurate determination of energy requirement and nutrients metabolism is essential to improve physiological knowledge and for physiopathological purpose in human nutrition. This evaluation is an absolute necessity for food industry. Energy expenditure could be precisely determined by indirect calorimetry or doubly labeled water technic. Nutrients metabolism and substrates turn-over studies are now accessible without health hazard using tracers labelled with stable isotopes. These three methods are the basic tools for the new Research Nutrition Center which are now in progress.
Inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis by coumarin, 4-hydroxycoumarin, and 7-hydroxycoumarin. (1981)

Coumarin, 4-hydroxycoumarin and 7-hydroxycoumarin were found to inhibit the biosynthetic conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandin products by a synthetase complex from guinea pig lung. It was shown that there was only limited biotransformation of the parent coumarin molecule to hydroxylated metabolites in the test system and the inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis by coumarin was therefore a result of the intact molecule. The extent of inhibition produced by coumarin was equipotent to that of 4-hydroxycoumarin, 7-hydroxycoumarin, and acetylsalicylic acid in a particulate enzyme preparation. Interruption of the synthesis occurred during the initial cyclooxygenation reaction.
The Recursive Multi-Frame Planar Parallax Algorithm (2006)

This paper presents a method for obtaining accurate dense elevation and appearance models of terrain using a single camera on-board an aerial platform. Applications of this method include geographical information systems, robot path planning, immersion and visualization, and surveying for scientific purposes such as watershed analysis. When given geo-registered images, the method can compute terrain maps on-line in real time. This algorithm, called the Recursive Multi-frame Planar Parallax algorithm, is a recursive extension of Irani et al.'s multi-frame planar parallax framework and in theory, with perfectly registered imagery, it will produce range data with error expected to increase between linearly and with the square root of the range, depending on image properties and whether other constants such as framerate and vehicle velocity are held constant. This is an improvement over stereo systems whose expected errors are proportional to the square of the range. We show experimental evidence on synthetic imagery and on a real video sequence taken in an experiment for autonomous helicopter landing.
Carbon Black-Modified Electrodes Screen-Printed onto Paper Towel, Waxed Paper and Parafilm M® (2017)

Herein, we evaluated the use of paper towel, waxed paper, and Parafilm M<sup>®</sup> (Heathrow Scientific, Vernon Hills, IL, USA) as alternative substrates for screen-printed sensor manufacturing. Morphological study was performed to evaluate the adhesion of the ink on these uncommon substrates, as well as the morphology of the working electrode. The electrochemical characterization was carried out using ferricyanide/ferrocyanide as redox couple. To enhance the electrochemical properties of the developed sensors, the nanomaterial carbon black was used as nanomodifier. The modification by drop casting of the working electrode surface, using a stable dispersion of carbon black, allows to obtain a sensor with improved electrochemical behavior in terms of peak-to-peak separation, current intensity, and the resistance of charge transfer. The results achieved confirm the possibility of printing the electrode on several cost-effective paper-based materials and the improvement of the electrochemical behavior by using carbon black as sustainable nanomaterial.
Performance of curvelets, dual-tree complex wavelet and discrete wavelet transform in handwritten word classification (2014)

Handwritten words classification is a difficult task due to the high variability and uncertainty of human writing styles. The aim of this work is to Performance of curvelets, dual-tree complex wavelet and discrete wavelet transform in handwritten words classification. Curvelet transform, Dual-Tree complex wavelet transform (DTCWT), Haar, Daubechies, Coiflets, Symlet, Discrete Meyr, Biothogonal and reverse Biothogonal are used in this investigation. Three to four wavelets are chosen randomly from each wavelet family. A dataset of 534 handwritten Latin (HL) and Arabic (HA) word images out of 1068 (267 of each script) are used for training and the remaining is for testing. Energy and entropy are computed at different decomposition sub-bands. Support vector machines (SVM) and 1-NN are used for classification. An exhaustive experimentation is carried out on word images downloaded from IAM Handwriting Database for Latin words and from IFN/ENIT-database for Arabic handwritten words. The experiments showed that the best identification results are achieved using Curvelet transform followed by DTCWT.
α-gallium: A metallic molecular crystal (1991)

We present a first-principles theoretical study of the atomic and electronic structures, and of the zero-temperature phases of gallium. The picture of \ensuremath{\alpha}-Ga that emerges is of a metallic molecular crystal with a strong ${\mathrm{Ga}}_{2}$ covalent bond and weaker intermolecular forces. This picture is supported in detail by the charge density, the electronic structure, and differential bond stretching under pressure. Anomalous features of \ensuremath{\alpha}-Ga, such as the Knight shift, anisotropic Fermi-surface effects, and optical absorption find a consistent explanation. Accurate x-ray measurements should reveal the ${\mathrm{Ga}}_{2}$ covalent bonds.
Biodegradation of the Copolymeric Polylactide Stent (2001)

The behavior of biodegradable polylactide as a stent material has not yet been fully established in small vessels such as arteries with a diameter <3 mm. The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term effect of a copolymeric polylactide (PLA96) stent. Appropriately sized spiral PLA96 stents were implanted into the infrarenal aortas of 20 rabbits. Intraoperative systemic heparinization (150 IU/kg), perioperative subcutaneous enoxaheparin sodium (10 mg), ticlopidine (250 mg/day) for 1 month, and acetosalicylic acid (12.5 mg/day) were continuously administered. Animals were euthanized according to a fixed timetable for up to 34 months for histologic and scanning-electron-microscopic assessment. Endothelialization was complete within 1 month. In 2 of the 3 aortas sampled 3 months after implantation, a mild inflammatory reaction was visible, with no sign of granulomatous or foreign-body reaction in the vessel wall. Instead, in 1 sample examined at the same time point, neointimal chondroid metaplasia was detected. After 6 months, inflammatory reaction declined in the vessel wall. Hydrolyzation of the stent was histologically evident at 12 months, with mild foreign-body reaction detectable in 2 of 5 aortas sampled at this time point. The stent disintegrated without fragmentation by 24 months, as it was gradually replaced by fibrosis. The vessel lumen remained patent at all time points. We conclude that the PLA96 stent degraded with minimal tissue response within 24 months. PLA96 may thus be a promising stent core material for small vessels in the future, although further investigation is needed to establish its final biocompatibility.
Late Medieval Stamford: A Study of the Town Council 1465–1492 (1973)

The study of town government is an immensely significant one especially for the Middle Ages. Throughout the centuries which succeeded the Danish invasions, townsmen sought anxiously for the powers to govern themselves. One by one they acquired by charter from king or private lord the various privileges they believed to be essential to their well-being. The highest of these, granted to very few towns before the fifteenth century, was the right of incorporation, whereby the burgesses of a town formed themselves into an undying institution, able to own property, to sue and to be sued. Here was finally achieved the complete exclusion (at least in theory) of all other authorities, especially that of the royal sheriff. This growth of self-government, however, must not be seen as an 'opting out' of the government of the realm. Rather it was an 'opting in', for the king and his administration now dealt directly with the town itself instead of going through some external official. The central government retained all its powers; it was the local community which increased its powers and with them its duties.KeywordsFifteenth CenturyTown CouncilTown GovernmentGreat CorpusRival AuthorityThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
CHAPTER IX (2015)

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Sucrose Phosphate Synthetase from Various Plant Origins (1972)

Journal Article Sucrose Phosphate Synthetase from Various Plant Origins Get access Takao Murata Takao Murata Department of Physiology and Genetics, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Kitamoto, Saitama Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 36, Issue 11, 1 November 1972, Pages 1877–1884, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1972.10860493 Published: 01 November 1972 Article history Received: 02 March 1972 Published: 01 November 1972
RNA imaging in living mice enabled by anin vivohybridization chain reaction circuit with a tripartite DNA probe (2019)

RNA imaging in living animals helps decipher biology and creates new theranostics for disease treatment. Due to their low delivery efficiency and high background, however, fluorescence probes for <i>in situ</i> RNA imaging in living mice have not been reported. We develop a new cell-targeting fluorescent probe that enables RNA imaging in living mice <i>via</i> an <i>in vivo</i> hybridization chain reaction (HCR). The minimalistic Y-shaped design of the tripartite DNA probe improves its performance in live animal studies and serves as a modular scaffold for three DNA motifs for cell-targeting and the HCR circuit. The tripartite DNA probe allows facile synthesis with a high yield and demonstrates ultrasensitive RNA detection <i>in vitro</i>. The probe also exhibits selective and efficient internalization into folate (FA) receptor-overexpressed cells <i>via</i> a caveolar-mediated endocytosis mechanism and produces fluorescence signals dynamically correlated with intracellular target expressions. Furthermore, the probe exhibits specific delivery into tumor cells and allows high-contrast imaging of miR-21 in living mice. The tripartite DNA design may open the door for intracellular RNA imaging in living animals using DNA-minimal structures and its design strategy can help future development of DNA-based multi-functional molecular probes.