gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bezafibrate-Induced Changes over Time in the Expression of Uncoupling Protein (UCP) mRNA in the Tissues: A Study in Spontaneously Type 2 Diabetic Rats with Visceral Obesity (2004)

The effect of short-term bezafibrate (BF) administration over time on the expression of UCP mRNA in the tissues was examined in Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats. Eight-week-old rats were divided into a high-dose (100 mg/kg) BF group (n = 15), a low-dose (10 mg/kg) BF group (n = 15) and a control group (n = 15), and followed for 14 days. Feed intake by the high-dose BF group increased significantly between days 10 and 14 of administration. Triglyceride, free fatty acid, and T4 levels decreased significantly in a dose-dependent manner in the high-dose BF group. Leptin and insulin levels significantly decreased on days 3 and 7. Throughout the study period, liver UCP2 mRNA increased in the high-dose BF group. On day 3 of BF administration, the levels of UCP2 mRNA expression in the skeletal muscles as well as UCP3 mRNA expression in the WAT were significantly increased in the high-dose BF group. PPAR-α mRNA significantly increased in the liver on day 3 of BF administration. We thus conclude that the PPAR-α-mediated effects of BF on the expression of liver UCP2 may be one of the factors that helped to decrease insulin levels.
The nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein CIZ reduces adult bone mass by inhibiting bone morphogenetic protein–induced bone formation (2005)

Osteoporosis is a major health problem; however, the mechanisms regulating adult bone mass are poorly understood. Cas-interacting zinc finger protein (CIZ) is a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein that localizes at cell adhesion plaques that form where osteoblasts attach to substrate. To investigate the potential role of CIZ in regulating adult bone mass, we examined the bones in CIZ-deficient mice. Bone volume was increased and the rates of bone formation were increased in CIZ-deficient mice, whereas bone resorption was not altered. CIZ deficiency enhanced the levels of mRNA expression of genes encoding proteins related to osteoblastic phenotypes, such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP) as well as osterix mRNA expression in whole long bones. Bone marrow cells obtained from the femora of CIZ-deficient mice revealed higher ALP activity in culture and formed more mineralized nodules than wild-type cells. CIZ deficiency enhanced bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-induced osteoblastic differentiation in bone marrow cells in cultures, indicating that BMP is the target of CIZ action. CIZ deficiency increased newly formed bone mass after femoral bone marrow ablation in vivo. Finally, BMP-2-induced bone formation on adult mouse calvariae in vivo was enhanced by CIZ deficiency. These results establish that CIZ suppresses the levels of adult bone mass through inhibition of BMP-induced activation of osteoblasts.
Diskussion der Lösung (1963)

Wir haben die LII-Transformation dazu benutzt, um zu einer formalen Lösung zu gelangen. Formal ist die Lösung in dem Sinn, als wir uns über die durchgeführten Schritte keine Rechenschaft gegeben haben, sondern nach dem Fort-setzungsprinzip von G. Doetsch vorgegangen sind. Hieraus ergibt sich die Notwendigkeit einer strengen Lösungsdiskussion, d. h. wir müssen zeigen, daß die auf diesem Wege gewonnene Darstellung einen Sinn hat, die in (I), Abschnitt 2, gestellten Forderungen erfüllt und damit eindeutig ist.
Poly(4‐acryloylmorpholine) oligomers carrying a β‐cyclodextrin residue at one terminus (2008)

Abstract A straightforward synthesis of amphiphilic β‐cyclodextrin‐poly(4‐acryloylmorpholine) (β‐CD‐PACM) polymers of controlled molecular weight, consisting of the radical polymerization of 4‐acryloylmorpholine in the presence of 6‐deoxy‐6‐mercapto‐β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD‐SH) as chain‐transfer agent, has been established. These derivatives carry a single β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) moiety at one terminus and their average molecular weight is in the order of 10 4 . Thus, their β‐CD content is ∼ 10% by weight. No evidence of un‐functionalized PACM was found in the final products. The chain‐transfer constant ( C T ) of β‐CD‐SH was found to be 1.30 by independently determining the reaction constants of both chain‐transfer and propagation reactions. This ensures that the molecular weight, hence the β‐CD content of the polymers, does not significantly vary with conversion. These β‐CD‐PACM polymers are highly soluble in water as well as in several organic solvents such as chloroform and lower alcohols. They proved capable of solubilizing in water poorly soluble drugs such as 9‐[(2‐hydroxyethoxy)methyl]guanine (Acyclovir) and of gradually releasing them in aqueous systems. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 1607–1617, 2008
Combination of angiogenesis inhibitors increases the anti-tumor efficacy of photodynamic therapy in a human bladder tumor xenograft model (2009)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a standard treatment for various malignant and non-malignant conditions. Though therapeutic responses are encouraging, recurrences have been noted, as one of the limitations of PDT is treatment-induced hypoxia that triggers angiogenesis. The present study evaluates the use of angiogenic inhibitors Avastin, that targets vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Erbitux that targets epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) with PDT in an <i>in vivo</i> bladder carcinoma xenograft. Tumor bearing mice were assigned to 6 different categories: control, PDT only, Avastin + Erbitux, PDT + Avastin, PDT + Erbitux and PDT + Avastin and Erbitux. Treated and control tumors were monitored for recurrence for up to 90 days. VEGF and EGFR expression was detected in the tumor tissue. Migratory assay was performed to establish the inhibitory effect of the angiogenesis agents. Using confocal laser endomicroscopy, the tumor microvasculature was assessed. Tumors treated with the combination therapy of PDT + inhibitors showed significantly greater response compared to control and PDT only treated group. Combination therapy treated tumors also showed the most post-treatment damage with reduced tumor vasculature. These results demonstrate that the combination of PDT with inhibitors that target different angiogenesis pathways can improve tumor control.
Heterogeneity of Second Messenger Levels in Living Cells (2001)

Over the last years we have utilised chimeras from aequorin and green fluorescent protein (GFP) to monitor the dynamics of second messenger levels in living cells. In this contribution we address two problems, i.e. the complexity of Ca2+ handling by mitochondria and the localization of cAMP signalling. As to the first, we here demonstrate that physiological increases in mitochondrial Ca2+, monitored with selectively localized recombinant aequorin, concern a sub-population of organelles that is stably and selectively associated with the endoplasmic reticulum. As to cAMP, we describe the use of a novel probe to monitor its changes in living cells, that takes advantage of the phenomenon of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between suitable GFPs linked to the regulatory and catalytic subunits of protein kinase A (PKA). When cAMP is low the two fluorophores are in close proximity and generate FRET while increasing levels of cAMP determine progressive reduction of FRET as the two subunits (linked to the GFPs) diffuse apart. We also demonstrate that by using such cAMP sensor, localized increase of this second messenger can be observed upon selective stimulation of plasma membrane receptors.
Análise genética, citológica e molecular de mutantes que afetam a morfogênese em >i<Aspergillus nidulans>/i< (1998)

\n A pesquisa na área da morfogênese e ciclo celular do fungo filamentoso Aspergillus nidulans começou a 30 anos atrás, a partir do isolamento dos mutantes que afetam o desenvolvimento do conidióforo e a progressão do ciclo celular. A análise molecular dos mutantes para a diferenciação do aparato assexual possibilitou o estabelecimento de uma via regulória do desenvolvimento que controla a organização espacial e temporal da celular-pé, da hifa aérea, da vesícula, da métula e da fiálide. Neste trabalho foram estudados dois genes que afetam a morfogênese e o ciclo celular em A. nidulans. Os resultados mostraram que o mutante bnA1 tem fenótipo distinto em todas as fases de vida do fungo, sendo importante desde a germinação do conídio até a diferenciação das estruturas reprodutivas assexuais, causando a formação de métulas e fiálides alongadas e multinucleadas. Este gene também exerce funções relevantes para o ciclo celular, uma vez que a mutação causa elevado índice mitótico, desintegração nuclear, e sensibilidade aos compostos que desestabilizam os microtúbulos. A segunda parte deste trabalho, apresenta a clonagem e o sequenciamento do gene aco586. Este, codifica um possível fator de transcrição, o qual tem homologia com a família de ativadores da transcrição CAAT enhancer binding protein (E/CBP), a qual é conhecida por controlar a diferenciação celular em vertebrados. Mutações no gene aco586, causam a diminuição do desenvolvimento assexual e sexual. Além disso, os conidióforos possuem morfologia anormal, desenvolvimento lento e assincrônico.\n
Dielectric and Optical Properties of Stoichiometric Magnesium Aluminate Spinel Single Crystals (1971)

Stoichiometric magnesium aluminate spinel single crystals grown by the flux, Czochralski, and Verneuil methods have been characterized for their dielectric and optical properties. Dielectric properties were determined from capacitance measurements in the frequency range 102–105 Hz. The dielectric constant and loss tangent of spinel crystals grown by the various methods are comparable. At 1 kc the spinel has a dielectric constant of 8.4 and a loss tangent of 10−4. Optical transmission and reflection measurements were made in the wavelength range uv to IR (0.2–40 µm). Optical characteristics of the crystals are highly dependent on the method of growth. Chromium‐doped spinel single crystals have also been grown by a flux technique. Optical emission and absorption characteristics of Cr+3 in flux‐grown spinel have been studied. The results are compared with those of Cr+3 in natural spinel and synthetic spinel crystals prepared by the Czochralski and Verneuil methods.
Micro-environment changes inside impermeable protective clothing during a continuous work exposure (2001)

Protective clothing (PC) results in a micro-environment between itself and the body. Workers are then exposed to a heat stress greater than the ambient environment alone, which is a reflection of micro-environment, metabolic rate and time. Adjustments to the ambient environment to account for the micro-environment have been formulated as a means to predict heat strain for safety and productivity purposes. Measurement of the actual micro-environment was made for a mean of 63.1 +/- 7.9 min using a remote sensor at the shoulder, hip and thigh levels on 15 subjects during a continuous work protocol (300 kcal/h) in impermeable PC at an ambient temperature of 30.1 degrees C wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) (32 degrees C dry, 29 degrees C wet, 33 degrees C globe). Micro-environment temperature increased over the duration of the work period. There was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) between the measurements made at the three different body sites for temperature or humidity. The mean micro-environmental WBGT at the end of work was 34.6 degrees C WBGT. Micro-environment WBGT increased rapidly in the first 20 min of work then slowed, rising only 0.5 degrees C WBGT from 40 to 60 min. These results suggest that at this particular high ambient temperature (30.1 degrees C WBGT) an adjustment factor of 5 degrees C WBGT would give a more accurate indication of thermal stress for up to 1 h of continuous moderate work within PC. For shorter work durations, an even smaller adjustment would be appropriate.
Diabetes como factor de riesgo para infecciones en pacientes cirróticos (2010)

INTRODUCCIÓN: Las infecciones son causa común de morbi-mortalidad en pacientes cirróticos. La Diabetes Mellitus (DM) es un reconocido factor predisponente a infecciones y cuya coexistencia como causa o consecuencia se ha visto incrementada en la población cirrótica, de manera particular en población cirrótica de etiología viral de tipo C y cuya prevalencia ha sido reportada hasta en más del 50% de pacientes en algunas series. Partimos de la hipótesis que la DM constituye un factor de riesgo para infecciones en los pacientes con Cirrosis Hepática. Nos planteamos el siguiente objetivo general: Determinar si existe asociación entre DM e infecciones en pacientes con cirrosis hepática. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal, analítico, multicéntrico. Se dividió en 2 grupos, aquellos con DM (glicemia &gt; 126 mg/dl) y sin DM. Se realizó una comparación de frecuencia y el tipo de infecciones en cada grupo. El análisis se realizó mediante las pruebas t Student, Chi Cuadrado y Odds Ratio como medida de asociación. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 178 pacientes (60,1% varones) entre 25 y 88 años. El 25,8% tuvieron DM. No hubo diferencias demográficas entre los grupos DM y NDM. La frecuencia de infecciones en DM fue de 84,8% comparada con 48,5% en los no DM (p = 0,001 y OR = 5,90). Las infecciones más comunes fueron infecciones urinarias (ITU), neumonías y celulitis. Encontramos una mayor frecuencia de neumonías en el grupo DM, no así de ITU ni celulitis. CONCLUSIÓN: Existe una mayor frecuencia de infecciones en los pacientes cirróticos con DM. La frecuencia de Neumonías es mayor entre cirróticos infectados con DM, no así la de ITU o de celulitis.
Density functional theory of polymer‐polymer phase separation behavior (1995)

Abstract Polyatomic density functional theory is applied to a binary polymer blend. The polymer reference interaction site model (PRISM) liquid state theory provides the homogeneous state correlation functions necessary for the application of density functional theory. An effective chi parameter can be recognized from the density functional expression; however, the phase separation criteria does not depend solely upon the chi parameter, rather it depends upon various combinations of the species‐dependent direct correlation functions of the blend. The Flory‐Huggins chi parameter along with the associated phase diagram is obtained when the monomer volumes of the blend species are equal and for a range of monomer‐monomer attractive interactions. Calculations are performed both with and without the assumption of incompressibility. The density functional theory along with the PRISM determined “input” predict that an isotopic polymer blend shows an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) phenomena. © 1995 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Vertically stacked coupler and serially grafted waveguide: Hybrid waveguide structures formed using an electro-optic polymer (1998)

Two hybrid waveguide structures formed using an electro-optic polymer are described. They are a vertically stacked coupler and a serially grafted waveguide. These structures were fabricated by spin-coating, photolithographic, and reactive ion etching processes. Directional coupling was successfully demonstrated between the vertically stacked waveguides, and the crosstalk was −15 dB. This waveguide structure was applied to an optical intensity modulator. The serially grafted waveguide allows butt coupling between the functional waveguide and passive waveguides, and the connection loss at a grafting point was as low as 0.005 dB. This waveguide structure was applied to a Mach–Zehnder optical intensity modulator and a quasi-phase-matched second-harmonic generator.
Rate of intersystem crossing between 1A and 5Aa states of an iron(II) complex in solutions (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRate of intersystem crossing between 1A and 5Aa states of an iron(II) complex in solutionsJames K. Beattie, Norman. Sutin, Douglas H. Turner, and George W. FlynnCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1973, 95, 6, 2052–2054Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00787a078https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00787a078research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views165Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Schizosaccharomyces pombe Ddb1 Recruits Substrate-Specific Adaptor Proteins through a Novel Protein Motif, the DDB-Box (2008)

DDB1 was isolated as a UV-damaged DNA-binding protein, but recent studies established that it plays a role as a component of cullin 4A ubiquitin ligases. Cullin-RING complexes are the largest known ubiquitin ligase family, with hundreds of substrate-specific adaptor subunits and which are defined by characteristic motifs. A common motif for DDB1/cullin 4 ubiquitin ligases, a WDXR motif, was recently reported. Here, we show that Schizosaccharomyces pombe Ddb1 associates with several WD40 repeat proteins that share a novel protein motif designated the DDB-box, a motif essential for interaction with Ddb1 and independent of WD40 repeats, unlike the WDXR motif. We also show that ddb1(+) and the putative CSA homolog ckn1(+) are involved in transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair and that the DDB-box is essential for the ckn1(+) function in vivo. These data indicate that the DDB-box is another common motif which defines adaptor proteins for DDB1/cullin 4 ubiquitin ligases.
Precision Medicine for Alzheimer’s Disease Prevention (2018)

Precision medicine is an approach to medical treatment and prevention that takes into account individual variability in genes, environment, and lifestyle and allows for personalization that is based on factors that may affect the response to treatment. Several genetic and epigenetic risk factors have been shown to increase susceptibility to late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). As such, it may be beneficial to integrate genetic risk factors into the AD prevention approach, which in the past has primarily been focused on universal risk-reduction strategies for the general population rather than individualized interventions in a targeted fashion. This review discusses examples of a "one-size-fits-all" versus clinical precision medicine AD prevention strategy, in which the precision medicine approach considers two genes that can be commercially sequenced for polymorphisms associated with AD, apolipoprotein E (APOE), and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR). Comparing these two distinct approaches provides support for a clinical precision medicine prevention strategy, which may ultimately lead to more favorable patient outcomes as the interventions are targeted to address individualized risks.
Visualizing Scientific Data (2016)

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An extraordinary colocalization of alopecia areata and vitiligo (2010)

Although the association of alopecia areata (AA) and vitiligo occurring in the same patient has been frequently reported in the literature, the colocalization of AA and vitiligo is very rare. We report for the first time an adult patient with anatomic concurrence of AA and vitiligo on the scalp. Even though both AA and vitiligo are thought to have the same underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms, the striking rarity of their colocalization challenges this postulated common pathogenesis, and raises the question if autoimmunity is responsible for only a fraction of AA or vitiligo.
Frakturversorgung im Alter (2010)

Zusammenfassung Osteoporose verursacht nicht nur Frakturen – sie erschwert auch deren Behandlung. Die gleichen Faktoren, die die Frakturentstehung begünstigen (rarefizierte Knochenmikroarchitektur, ausgedünnte Kortikalis sowie weitere Osteoporoserisikofaktoren), erschweren auch deren traumatologische Behandlung. Allerdings wird davon ausgegangen, dass Frakturen von Osteoporosepatienten normal heilen können – wenn sie adäquat fixiert sind. In den vergangenen Jahren wurden eine Reihe neuer Lösungsansätze zu Diagnostik und Therapie von Frakturen im osteoporotischen Knochen entwickelt. Durch neue, adaptierte Diagnostik wird die Wahl des geeigneten Osteosyntheseverfahrens erleichtert. Angepasste Designs, Augmentation der Knochen/Implantat-Oberfläche und systemische Mitbehandlung können die Frakturversorgung im osteoporotischen Knochen verbessern. Die Behandlung sollte interdisziplinär im Team mit Geriatern und Internisten erfolgen, um eine niedrige Mortalität sowie eine schnelle Rehabilitation zu erreichen.
Facile Size-Selective Defect Sealing in Large-Area Atomically Thin Graphene Membranes for Sub-Nanometer Scale Separations (2020)

Atomically thin graphene with a high-density of precise subnanometer pores represents the ideal membrane for ionic and molecular separations. However, a single large-nanopore can severely compromise membrane performance and differential etching between pre-existing defects/grain boundaries in graphene and pristine regions presents fundamental limitations. Here, we show for the first time that size-selective interfacial polymerization after high-density nanopore formation in graphene not only seals larger defects (>0.5 nm) and macroscopic tears but also successfully preserves the smaller subnanometer pores. Low-temperature growth followed by mild UV/ozone oxidation allows for facile and scalable formation of high-density (4-5.5 × 10<sup>12</sup> cm<sup>-2</sup>) useful subnanometer pores in the graphene lattice. We demonstrate scalable synthesis of fully functional centimeter-scale nanoporous atomically thin membranes (NATMs) with water (∼0.28 nm) permeance ∼23× higher than commercially available membranes and excellent rejection to salt ions (∼0.66 nm, >97% rejection) as well as small organic molecules (∼0.7-1.5 nm, ∼100% rejection) under forward osmosis.
Object detection with vector quantized binary features (2002)

This paper presents a new algorithm for detecting objects in images, one of the fundamental tasks of computer vision. The algorithm extends the representational efficiency of eigenimage methods to binary features, which are less sensitive to illumination changes than gray-level values normally used with eigenimages. Binary features (square subtemplates) are automatically chosen on each training image. Using features rather than whole templates makes the algorithm more robust to background clutter and partial occlusions. Instead of representing the features with real-valued eigenvector principle components, we use binary vector quantization to avoid floating point computations. The object is detected in the image using a simple geometric hash table and Hough transform. On a test of 1000 images, the algorithm works on 99.3%. We present a theoretical analysis of the algorithm in terms of the receiver operating characteristic, which consists of the probabilities of detection and false alarm. We verify this analysis with the results of our 1000-image test and we use the analysis as a principled way to select some of the algorithm's important operating parameters.