gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical and Dynamic k -Path Covers (2016)

A metric-independent data structure for spatial networks called k-all-path cover (k-APC) has recently been proposed. It involves a set of vertices that covers all paths of size k, and is a general indexing technique that can accelerate various path-related processes on spatial networks, such as route planning and path subsampling to name a few. Although it is a promising tool, it currently has drawbacks pertaining to its construction and maintenance. First, k-APCs, especially for large values of k, are computationally too expensive. Second, an important factor related to quality is ignored by a prevalent construction algorithm. Third, an existing algorithm only focuses on static networks.
PMHT: problems and some solutions (2002)

The probabilistic multihypothesis tracker (PMHT) is a target tracking algorithm of considerable theoretical elegance. In practice, its performance turns out to be at best similar to that of the probabilistic data association filter (PDAF); and since the implementation of the PDAF is less intense numerically the PMHT has been having a hard time finding acceptance. The PMHT's problems of nonadaptivity, narcissism, and over-hospitality to clutter are elicited in this work. The PMHT's main selling-point is its flexible and easily modifiable model, which we use to develop the "homothetic" PMHT; maneuver-based PMHTs, including those with separate and joint homothetic measurement models; a modified PMHT whose measurement/target association model is more similar to that of the PDAF; and PMHTs with eccentric and/or estimated measurement models. Ideally, "bottom line" would be a version of the PMHT with clear advantages over existing trackers. If the goal is of an accurate (in terms of mean square error (MSE)) track, then there are a number of versions for which this is available.
The First Synthesis of Glucosylgalactosyl Hydroxylysine (Glu‐Gal‐Hyl), an Important Biological Indicator of Collagen Turnover. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The multifaceted effects of granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor in immunomodulation and potential roles in intestinal immune homeostasis (2010)

The three colony-stimulating factors, granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), have been regarded as immunostimulators because of their role in granulocyte and myeloid hematopoiesis and immune function. However, unlike GM-CSF and M-CSF, G-CSF possesses immunosuppressive effects on other immune cells including monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells, and T lymphocytes when exogenously administered. Given the immunomodulatory effects of exogenous G-CSF, endogenous G-CSF may also play an important role in maintaining local immune homeostasis in tissue in which it is highly and constitutively produced. This review highlights the potential role of G-CSF in immunomodulation and intestinal immune homeostasis.
A Methodology for Measuring Size-Dependent Chemical Composition of Ultrafine Particles (2002)

Ultrafine particulate matter (PM) consists of particles mostly emitted by combustion sources but also formed during gas-to-particle formation processes in the atmosphere. Various studies have shown these particles to be toxic. The very small mass of these particles has posed a great challenge in determining their size-dependent chemical composition using conventional aerosol sampling technologies. Implementing 2 technologies in series has made it possible to overcome these 2 problems. The first technology is the USC Ultrafine Concentrator, which concentrates ultrafine particles (i.e., 10-180 nm) by a factor of 20-22. Ultrafine particles are subsequently size fractionated and collected on suitable substrates using the NanoMOUDI, a recently developed cascade impactor that classifies particles in 5 size ranges from 10 to 180 nm. The entire system (concentrator + NanoMOUDI) was employed in the field at 2 different locations in the Los Angeles Basin in order to collect ultrafine particles in 3 consecutive 3 h time intervals (i.e., morning, midday, and afternoon). The results indicate a distinct mode in the 32-56 nm size range that is most pronounced in the morning and decreases throughout the day at Downey, CA (a "source" site), affected primarily by vehicular PM emissions. While the mass concentrations at the source site decrease with time, the levels measured at Riverside, CA (a "receptor" site), are highest in the afternoon with a minimum at midday. In Riverside, ultrafine EC (elemental carbon) and OC (organic carbon) concentrations were highly correlated only during the morning period, whereas these correlations collapsed later in the day. These results indicate that in this area, ultrafine PM is generated by primary emissions during the morning hours, whereas secondary aerosol formation processes become more important as the day progresses.
Monitoring of open channel flow using Ultrasound (2005)

As for the flow rate measurement in a conventional open channel, there is a problem to change the instruction value of flow rate. Highly accurate flow rate was studied by measuring the instantaneous velocity distribution of the flow field with ultrasonic velocity profiler (UVP) and integrating the cross section. The velocity distribution was able to be obtained by measuring at the direction of the crossing and depth, to understand the flow field in three dimensions, and to have constructed the open channel monitor system that was able to make a change with the lapse of time of the flow field visible.
Figure S3 from BRG1 Loss Predisposes Lung Cancers to Replicative Stress and ATR Dependency (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S3 provides further detail about DNA fibers analysis and increased CDC6 and pre-replication signatures in BRG1-mutant lung cancers.&lt;/p&gt;
Sternal closure: wiring or not wiring? (2017)

Deep sternal wound infection, is one of the most dangerous and life-threatening complication in cardiac surgery. It is one of the most expensive complications with a 3-fold increase in overall costs (1). Despite advances in prevention and treatment strategies, incidence remains high ranging between 0.25% and 5% (2,3) Wound infections may result from contamination during surgery, both from the patient and the surgeon (4).
[Nonrecurrent recurrent nerve. Danger in thyroid and parathyroid surgery. Apropos of 9 cases]. (1997)

Main difficulties in thyroid surgery are represented by recurrent nerve anatomy and parathyroid glands. Nerve injury or accidental truncation cause definitive impairment. Risk of recurrent paralysis is 0.5 to 3% for advanced teams. Early investigation and dissection of this nerve are considered mandatory for preservation. This practice is also highly indicated due to anatomical variations, cause for accidental truncation. The most difficult case is encountered when there is nerve non recurrence, due to variations in origin and path of the nerve. Inferior laryngeal nerve non recurrence can be present on the right side, it is uncommon but possible on the left side. We have evaluated a series of 1165 cervicotomies undertaken for thyroidectomy or parathyroid gland approach. There were 9 cases of non recurrence. Literature review allowed us to study anatomical variations and nerve relationships.
The prospects for building truly intelligent machines (1989)

Can artificial intelligence be achieved? If so, how soon? By what methods? What ideas from current AI re search will in the long run be important contributions to a science of cognition? I believe that AI can be achieved, perhaps within our lifetimes, but that we have major scientific and engineering obstacles to hurdle if it is to come about. The methods and perspec tive of AI have been dramatically skewed by the existence of the common digital computer, sometimes called the von Neumann machine, and ultimately, AI will have to be based on ideas and hardware quite different from what is currently central to it. Mem ory, for instance, is much more important than its role in AI so far suggests, and search has far less importance than we have given it. Also, because computers lack bodies and life experiences comparable to humans', intelligent systems will probably be inherently different from humans; I speculate briefly on what such systems might be like.
Self-Assembled Monolayers of Perfluoroalkyl Amideethanethiols, Fluoroalkylthiols, and Alkylthiols for the Prevention of Silver Tarnish (2002)

Self-assembled monolayers (SAM) of perfluoroalkyl amideethanethiols, F(CF2)nCONH(CH2)2SH (n = 6, 7, or 8), inhibit the corrosion of silver by hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in air. Unlike conventional hydrocarbon thiols used to protect silver from corrosion, these fluorinated amidethiols have a very low mercaptan odor, impart fluorocarbon wettability properties to the silver surfaces, and exhibit intermolecular associations via hydrogen bonding of the amide functionality. These flu-orinated thiols were synthesized by reacting fluoroalkyl acid chloride with 2-aminoethanethiol, or by reacting methyl fluoroalkanoate with 2-aminoethanethiol. SAM were formed by immersing silver coupons in 0.01, 0.1, and 1 wt% solutions of the fluorinated amidethiol in propanol (CH3CH2CH2OH), or by applying a thin film of the thiol solution that rapidly evaporated. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to evaluate the thickness and integrity of the monolayers. The thin films of evaporating thiol solution yielded rapid monolayer formation as a result of the increasing concentration of the thiol in the solution on the silver during the evaporation of the propanol. Accelerated tarnish tests were performed in a chamber that exposed the silver to air, water vapor, and ~1 ppm H2S for 7 h to 24 h at 313 K. The tarnish resistances associated with a fluoroalkyl thiol (1≈ 1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl-1-thiol) and hexadecanethiol were also determined. The best tarnish resistance was attained with the hexadecanethiol, and the perfluoroalkylamide ethanethiol yielded better corrosion resistance results than the fluoroalkylthiol.
Randomized Clinical Trials (1991)

Randomized clinical trials , Randomized clinical trials , کتابخانه مرکزی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران
Novel Explosively Driven Flying Plate System (1998)

The authors describe a new technique for driving thick flying plates to high velocities without spall and with excellent flatness over a uniformly large area.
Erratum: Theoretical study of high-pressure phases of tin (1992)

For reasons of consistency with other equations, the definition of the functions P and P in (3.18}and (3.19) must be modified.
Research issues in developing compact pulsed power for high peak power applications on mobile platforms (2004)

Pulsed power is a technology that is suited to drive electrical loads requiring very large power pulses in short bursts (high-peak power). Certain applications require technology that can be deployed in small spaces under stressful environments, e.g., on a ship, vehicle, or aircraft. In 2001, the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) launched a long-range (five-year) Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative (MURI) to study fundamental issues for compact pulsed power. This research program is endeavoring to: 1) introduce new materials for use in pulsed power systems; 2) examine alternative topologies for compact pulse generation; 3) study pulsed power switches, including pseudospark switches; and 4) investigate the basic physics related to the generation of pulsed power, such as the behavior of liquid dielectrics under intense electric field conditions. Furthermore, the integration of all of these building blocks is impacted by system architecture (how things are put together). This paper reviews the advances put forth to date by the researchers in this program and will assess the potential impact for future development of compact pulsed power systems.
Aerogel as a Soft Acoustic Metamaterial for Airborne Sound (2016)

To realize useful, exotic properties, acoustic metamaterials for airborne sound traditionally have relied on materials that are much harder than the surrounding fluid. Soft acoustic metamaterials utilizing mesoporous silica aerogel structures offer an alternative means to tune the effective properties of the resulting metamaterial, while simultaneously providing better coupling to the acoustic environment. This study presents systems demonstrating negative density, density near zero, and nonresonant, broadband ``slow sound'' propagation.
The initial value problem for the Boussinesq equations in a time-dependent domain. (2000)

Existence of weak and strong solutions for the initial value problem for the Boussinesq equations in a time-dependent domain are studied in this paper. The physical situation behind this mathematical model is the dynamics of a viscous incompressible fluid subject to a convective heat transfer. The proof of the existence results are based on the Galerkin approximation method, and on a compactness argument which is known as Aubin-Lions’ Lemma. Resumen Este articulo estudia resultados de existencia de soluciones debiles y fuertes para el problema de Cauchy correspondiente a las ecuaciones de Boussinesq en un dominio dependiente del tiempo. La motivacion fisica subyacente al analisis matematico de este modelo son los efectos termodinamicos en un ĺiquido viscoso, incompresible, sometido a transferencia convectiva de calor. La justificacion matematica de los resultados de existencia se basa en el metodo de aproximacion de Galerkin, y en un argumento de compacidad, conocido como Lema de Aubin-Lions.
Assessment of topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in animal models. (1990)

Four commercial gel preparations of topical anti-inflammatory agents have been assessed in six animal models commonly used to determine the biological activity of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents for systemic administration. Only UV-induced erythema of the skin, adjuvant induced arthritis and the measurement of vascular permeability proved suitable for differentiation of the potency of the four topical agents. Carrageenin-induced paw oedema, the cotton pellet test and the assessment of the pain threshold according to Randall and Selitto were of little value. The effects of the gel preparation of diclofenac (CAS 15307-86-5) diethylammonium (Voltaren Emulgel) were comparable to two preparations containing 1% and 5% active ingredient, respectively. Gel 4 showed low overall activity. The experiments demonstrated that some of the models used for the assessment of anti-inflammatory agent for systemic administration proved suitable for the testing of topical preparations and that percutaneous absorption was insufficient to elicit anti-inflammatory effect in the animals at sites remote from the site of application.
Structure of Pseudo-Shock Waves Generating in Underexpanded Sonic Jet (1990)

The structure of, pseudo-shock waves generating in underexpanded sonic jet has been investigated. In order to elucidate the structure the flow visualization was conducted by both the schlieren and shadowgraph methods. Further, the pressure and velocity distributions etc. in the flow were measured. The experiments for the five kinds of test pipe of different inner diameter were carried out for mean Mach numbers, ranging from 0.8 to 2. As a result, the fundamental forms of flow, the length of pseudo-shock waves, and the correlation between the static pressure and velocity distributions were clarified.
Large photocurrent generation in dye-sensitized ZnO solar cells (2008)

ZnO photoanodes were fabricated using nanocrystalline pastes and their N719-sensitization led to a high short-circuit photocurrent density of 18.11 mA cm−2 and a solar energy conversion efficiency of 6.58% (AM 1.5, 100 mW cm−2).
Bispectral Estimation of Fluorescent Objects (2015)

A method is proposed for estimating the bispectral characteristics of fluorescent objects by using two illuminant projections. The Donaldson matrix represents the bispectral radiance factor consisting of two components: a reflected radiance factor and a luminescent radiance factor. We describe the spectral characteristics of the observed matrix and model the matrix. An algorithm is presented to estimate the entire elements of the Donaldson matrix based on only two sets of spectral sensor outputs under two different illuminants. The feasibility of the proposed method is confirmed in experiments using a variety of fluorescent samples.
RETRIEVAL OF LEAF AREA INDEX AND LEAF CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT FROM HYPERSPECTRAL DATA USING DEEP LEARNING NETWORKS (2022)

Abstract. This study aimed to exploit the use of deep learning networks in the retrieval of the biophysical and biochemical parameters of vegetation canopies. Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), network with only fully connected layers, referred as dense network (DNN), and Autoencoder (AE) were investigated to retrieve leaf area index (LAI) and leaf chlorophyll content. Hyperspectral data simulated by the coupled PROSPECT and SAIL model were used for training and validation. The real CASI hyperspectral data in 50 spectral channels ranging from 522.4 nm to 894.2 nm collected over three agricultural crop fields during the growing season of 2001 were used, together with the in-situ measured LAI and leaf chlorophyll content, as independent test set. Occlusion analysis was also employed to determine the important spectral bands at which reflectance made more contributions to the retrieval with a CNN and interpret the latent variables of the AE. Satisfactory results from these deep learning networks were obtained, compared with ground truth. The DNN with the input of the vegetation indices sensitive to LAI and leaf chlorophyll content (MTVI2 and TCARI/OSAVI) generated the best results with R2 of 0.86 for LAI and 0.55 for leaf chlorophyll content.
Proton decay constraints on low scale AdS/CFT unification (2007)

Dark matter candidates and proton decay in a class of models based on the AdS/CFT correspondence are discussed. We show that the present bound on the proton decay lifetime is inconsistent with $\mathcal{N}=1$ supersymmetry, and strongly constrains $\mathcal{N}=0$ nonsupersymmetry, low scale trinification-type unification of orbifolded $\mathrm{AdS}\ensuremath{\bigotimes}{S}^{5}$ models.
Secure Collaborative Outsourced Data Mining with Multi-owner in Cloud Computing (2012)

Data mining is an important technology for the information society. Due to the limited computation resources of data owners and the prevalence of cloud computing, outsourced data mining is becoming more and more attractive. The privacy and security issues are becoming outstanding recently. Though the existing model of cloud computing consists of multiple data owners, there is little consideration for the collaboration between them. But such collaboration is necessary with the trend of data partition among different entities nowadays. Besides, most of the existing work are based on the semi-honest cloud assumption and can not deal with the malicious cloud situation well. In this paper, we explore the secure and practical outsourced collaborative data mining scheme in cloud computing scenarios. We design a simple framework for it and propose several enhanced frameworks and detailed schemes in an incremental way with stronger security considerations. The final framework utilizes trusted computing technology to design the scheme under the malicious cloud assumption. Finally, we give a summary of security and efficiency analysis about them. As a case of study, we prove the correctness of the frameworks with three classical methods KNN, K-means and SVM respectively in such outsourced collaborative computing scenario.
Feline Niemann-Pick disease type C. (1994)

From the Departments of Pathology* and Clinical Sciences,t College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; the Department ofNeuroscience,* Rose F. Kennedy Centerfor Research in Mental Retardation and Human Development, Albert Einstein College ofMedicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York; and the Depatiments ofMedicine (Medical Genetics) and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Coupled Learning for Facial Deblur (2015)

Blur in facial images significantly impedes the efficiency of recognition approaches. However, most existing blind deconvolution methods cannot generate satisfactory results due to their dependence on strong edges, which are sufficient in natural images but not in facial images. In this paper, we represent point spread functions (PSFs) by the linear combination of a set of pre-defined orthogonal PSFs, and similarly, an estimated intrinsic (EI) sharp face image is represented by the linear combination of a set of pre-defined orthogonal face images. In doing so, PSF and EI estimation is simplified to discovering two sets of linear combination coefficients, which are simultaneously found by our proposed coupled learning algorithm. To make our method robust to different types of blurry face images, we generate several candidate PSFs and EIs for a test image, and then, a non-blind deconvolution method is adopted to generate more EIs by those candidate PSFs. Finally, we deploy a blind image quality assessment metric to automatically select the optimal EI. Thorough experiments on the facial recognition technology database, extended Yale face database B, CMU pose, illumination, and expression (PIE) database, and face recognition grand challenge database version 2.0 demonstrate that the proposed approach effectively restores intrinsic sharp face images and, consequently, improves the performance of face recognition.
Shaping Operations to Attack Robust Terror Networks (2012)

Security organizations often attempt to disrupt terror or insurgent networks by targeting "high value targets" (HVT's). However, there have been numerous examples that illustrate how such networks are able to quickly re-generate leadership after such an operation. Here, we introduce the notion of a "shaping" operation in which the terrorist network is first targeted for the purpose of reducing its leadership re-generation ability before targeting HVT's. We look to conduct shaping by maximizing the network-wide degree centrality through node removal. We formally define this problem and prove solving it is NP-Complete. We introduce a mixed integer-linear program that solves this problem exactly as well as a greedy heuristic for more practical use. We implement the greedy heuristic and found in examining five real-world terrorist networks that removing only 12% of nodes can increase the network-wide centrality between 17% and 45%. We also show our algorithm can scale to large social networks of 1,133 nodes and 5,541 edges on commodity hardware.
Supplementary Table from Phase Ib/II Trial of Ribociclib in Combination with Binimetinib in Patients with <i>NRAS</i>-mutant Melanoma (2023)

Supplementary Table from Phase Ib/II Trial of Ribociclib in Combination with Binimetinib in Patients with &lt;i&gt;NRAS&lt;/i&gt;-mutant Melanoma
AlGaN/GaN heterojunction field effect transistors grown by nitrogen plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy (2001)

In this work, we demonstrate state of the art performance of GaN HFETs grown on SiC by rf Nitrogen plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) at 10 and 20 GHz and good power scalability of these devices at 10 GHz. A single stage power amplifier built by power combining four of our 1 mm devices exhibits continuous wave output power of 22.9 W with associated power added efficiency (PAE) of 37% at 9 GHz. This is to the best of our knowledge the highest CW power and the best combination of power and PAE demonstrated to date for a GaN based microwave integrated circuit at this frequency.