gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and Fabrication of a Real-Time Measurement System for the Capsaicinoid Content of Korean Red Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Powder by Visible and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (2015)

This research aims to design and fabricate a system to measure the capsaicinoid content of red pepper powder in a non-destructive and rapid method using visible and near infrared spectroscopy (VNIR). The developed system scans a well-leveled powder surface continuously to minimize the influence of the placenta distribution, thus acquiring stable and representative reflectance spectra. The system incorporates flat belts driven by a sample input hopper and stepping motor, a powder surface leveler, charge-coupled device (CCD) image sensor-embedded VNIR spectrometer, fiber optic probe, and tungsten halogen lamp, and an automated reference measuring unit with a reference panel to measure the standard spectrum. The operation program includes device interface, standard reflectivity measurement, and a graphical user interface to measure the capsaicinoid content. A partial least square regression (PLSR) model was developed to predict the capsaicinoid content; 44 red pepper powder samples whose measured capsaicinoid content ranged 13.45-159.48 mg/100 g by per high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and 1242 VNIR absorbance spectra acquired by the pungency measurement system were used. The determination coefficient of validation (RV2) and standard error of prediction (SEP) for the model with the first-order derivative pretreatment method for Korean red pepper powder were 0.8484 and ±13.6388 mg/100 g, respectively.
Optical transfection using an endoscope-like system (2011)

Optical transfection is a powerful method for targeted delivery of therapeutic agents to biological cells. A tightly focused pulsed laser beam may transiently change the permeability of a cell membrane to facilitate the delivery of foreign genetic material into cells. We report the first realization of an endoscope-like integrated system for optical transfection. An imaging fiber (coherent optical fiber bundle) with ∼ 6000 cores (pixels) embedded in a fiber cladding of ∼ 300 μm in diameter, produces an image circle (area) of ∼ 270 μm diam. This imaging fiber, with an ordered axicon lens array chemically etched at its exit face, is used for the delivery of a femtosecond laser to the cell membrane for optical transfection along with subcellular resolution imaging. A microcapillary-based microfluidic system for localized drug delivery was also combined in this miniature, flexible system. Using this novel system, a plasmid transfection efficiency up to ∼ 72% was obtained for CHO-K1 cells. This endoscope-like system opens a range of exciting applications, in particular, in the targeted in vivo optical microsurgery area.
The MeDoc Distributed Electronic Library: Accounting and Security Aspects. (1997)

The MeDoc service provides access to a distributed full-text library for computer scientists over the Internet. Since the library provides commercial information products, accounting and security aspectsare of considerable importance in this electronic-publishing project.MeDoc has developed business, cost, and payment models suitable for electronic library services. The partners co-operating in the MeDoc service are users, providers and producers of information products.Their business interaction is based on trade as opposed to systems financed by advertising. The cost models offered to the users are various forms of subscription and &amp;amp;quot;pay per view&amp;amp;quot;-purchase. As paymentmodels both credit and debit models are considered suitable for the MeDoc service. Initially only registered users are admitted to the MeDoc library, so the users can be charged via accounts. Currently a clearing agency handles the actual invoice process for the MeDoc service. To secure the communication over the Internet within the MeDoc library, several existingimplementations of cryptographic algorithms have been evaluated against the MeDoc requirements analysis. Communication channels MeDoc are now secured by transparent encryption mechanisms based on SSL.
What Is a Clinically Meaningful Survival Benefit in Refractory Metastatic Colorectal Cancer? (2019)

Assessment of the clinical benefit of cancer treatments can be highly subjective, influenced by both perspective and context. Such assessments are required in regulatory and policy decision-making, but consistency between jurisdictions is often lacking. Clear and consistent standards for determining when a treatment offers a meaningful benefit, relative to the current standard of care, can help to address issues of equity and transparency in health technology assessment. For metastatic colorectal cancer (mcrc), no standardized Canadian definition of clinically meaningful benefit has yet been proposed. Colorectal Cancer Canada therefore convened a group of medical oncologists expert in colorectal cancer to review the literature about clinical significance. The resulting consensus is intended to apply to any therapeutic agent being considered in the setting of chemotherapy-refractory mcrc. It was agreed that overall survival is the appropriate measure of clinical efficacy in chemorefractory mcrc. As quantitative targets for efficacy, an improvement of 2 months or more in median overall survival or a hazard ratio for survival of 0.75 or lower (or both) are proposed as the threshold for clinically meaningful benefit. That threshold could be influenced by a treatment's effect on quality of life. Treatment toxicity is also relevant to the assessment of clinical benefit in this setting, specifically when significant differences in treatment tolerability are evident.
Peak Power Control in Multicarrier Communications (2007)

Peak signal power is an important factor in the implementation of multicarrier (MC) modulation schemes, like OFDM, in wireless and wireline communication systems. This 2007 book describes tools necessary for analyzing and controlling the peak-to-average power ratio in MC systems, and how these techniques are applied in practical designs. The author starts with an overview of multicarrier signals and basic tools and algorithms, before discussing properties of MC signals in detail: discrete and continuous maxima; statistical distribution of peak power; codes with constant peak-to-average power ratio are all covered, concluding with methods to decrease peak power in MC systems. Current knowledge, problems, methods and definitions are summarized using rigorous mathematics, with an overview of the tools for the engineer. The book is aimed at graduate students and researchers in electrical engineering, computer science and applied mathematics, and practitioners in the telecommunications industry.
Online structure-based screening of purchasable approved drugs and natural compounds: retrospective examples of drug repositioning on cancer targets (2018)

Drug discovery is a long and difficult process that benefits from the integration of virtual screening methods in experimental screening campaigns such as to generate testable hypotheses, accelerate and/or reduce the cost of drug development. Current drug attrition rate is still a major issue in all therapeutic areas and especially in the field of cancer. Drug repositioning as well as the screening of natural compounds constitute promising approaches to accelerate and improve the success rate of drug discovery. We developed three compounds libraries of purchasable compounds: Drugs-lib, FOOD-lib and NP-lib that contain approved drugs, food constituents and natural products, respectively, that are optimized for structure-based virtual screening studies. The three compounds libraries are implemented in the MTiOpenScreen web server that allows users to perform structure-based virtual screening computations on their selected protein targets. The server outputs a list of 1,500 molecules with predicted binding scores that can then be processed further by the users and purchased for experimental validation. To illustrate the potential of our service for drug repositioning endeavours, we selected five recently published drugs that have been repositioned <i>in vitro</i> and/or <i>in vivo</i> on cancer targets. For each drug, we used the MTiOpenScreen service to screen the Drugs-lib collection against the corresponding anti-cancer target and we show that our protocol is able to rank these drugs within the top ranked compounds. This web server should assist the discovery of promising molecules that could benefit patients, with faster development times, and reduced costs and risk.
Publisher's Note: Reentrant superspin glass state and magnetization steps in the oxyborate Co2AlBO5 [Phys. Rev. B 95, 144409 (2017)] (2019)

Received 28 February 2019DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.99.099904©2019 American Physical SocietyPhysics Subject Headings (PhySH)Research AreasAntiferromagnetismDielectric propertiesFerrimagnetismFrustrated magnetismMagnetic phase transitionsMagnetic susceptibilityCondensed Matter, Materials & Applied Physics
A Cepstrum-based technique for disparity detection in a stereo vision system (2002)

Recovery of depth information for 3-D modeling of surfaces and objects is a central problem in low-level computer vision. A number of applications related to reconstruction, representation, and recognition of scenes and objects in the three-dimensional geometry of the real world rely on the correct estimation of range data. In stereo vision, depth information is obtained from triangulation of corresponding points in a pair of stereo images. The automatic determination of local similarity between two data sets or collections of pixels is fundamental in a depth-algorithm from stereo algorithm for numerical evaluation of disparities. In this paper, the use of the Cepstrum transformation as a disparity measurement technique between corresponding windows of different block sizes is described. This measurement process is embedded within a coarse to fine stereopsis algorithm, providing an initial depth map with the depth information encoded as gray levels. In real stereo imagery the features to be used as information in the matching procedure are usually sparsely and irregularly distributed over the images. For that reason, obtention of a dense array of depth data is a difficult task in passive methods. This paper makes emphasis in surface recovery of smooth curved surfaces with application to depth estimation of medical images. Examples and experimental results using random dot stereograms and real imagery are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Effect of silicon coupling agent treatment of glass fiber on mechanical properties of GFRMCN (2006)

Different silicon coupling agents(SCA) cause a large difference in mechanical properties of the glass(fiber) reinforced MC nylon(GFRMCN).The KH-570 SCA makes them decrease while the KH-550 makes them(improve.) There is a rational formula between the mass fractions of KH-550 and glass fiber.When the mass fraction of KH-550 is 0.2%,the bend strength,bend modulus,tensile strength,tensile stress and impact strength of GFRMCN are increased by 35%,72%,46%,88% and 41%,compared with those of MC nylon.Glass fibers after surface treatment with KH-550 SCA increase the properties of GFRMCN because of a good interface between GF and nylon.However,most glass fibers are drawn out from nylon basement if they are not treated with SCA.The interfaces of GF/nylon become fatal weakness and reduce the properties of GFRMCN.
Unscented-Transformation-Based Distributed Nonlinear State Estimation: Algorithm, Analysis, and Experiments (2018)

The problem of fully distributed state estimation using networked local sensors is studied in this paper. Specifically, the scenario with general nonlinear process model and local sensing models is considered by extending the distributed hybrid information fusion (DHIF) algorithm proposed by Wang and Ren. Different from the extended Kalman filter-based approaches which require the computation of the Jacobian matrix at every time instant, the unscented transformation (UT) approach is adopted for such an extension to better characterize the statistics after nonlinear transformations. The extended algorithm inherits the advantages of the original DHIF algorithm for requiring only one communication iteration between every two consecutive time instants and for requiring no global information. As well recognized that the stability analysis in the distributed UT-based framework is challenging, in the special case where the sensing models are linear, it is also analytically shown that the local estimate errors are bounded in the mean square sense. Simulations are extensively studied to show the performance of the extended algorithm. More importantly, the effectiveness of the algorithm is also verified using real data collected in a robot tracking task with networked Vicon cameras.
Phosphorus NMR spectroscopy study of muscular enzyme deficiencies involving glycogenolysis and glycolysis (1987)

We used phosphorus NMR spectroscopy to study 16 patients with muscular enzyme deficiencies affecting glycogenolysis and glycolysis. Study of phosphomonoester (Pm) kinetics and intracellular pH during exercise and recovery provided criteria for the distinction of these metabolic myopathies by NMR spectroscopy. The Pm peak was undetectable in patients lacking debrancher enzyme or phosphorylase. By contrast, in phosphofructokinase (PFK) or phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) deficiency, the Pm peak was larger than that of inorganic phosphate in exercise, whereas it was always smaller in normal subjects. During recovery, the disappearance of Pm was slower in PGK than in PFK deficiency.
Lenvatinib Administered via Nasogastric Tube in Poorly Differentiated Thyroid Cancer (2019)

Lenvatinib therapy is effective also when administered via SNG. Our result is of particular relevance in the management of thyroid cancer patients, especially in the presence of subjects unable to swallow. Further studies are needed to validate the administration of lenvatinib by SNG, in order to extend the indications to this alternative administration way, beside the oral one.
Head motion classification using thread-based sensor and machine learning algorithm (2021)

Abstract Human machine interfaces that can track head motion will result in advances in physical rehabilitation, improved augmented reality/virtual reality systems, and aid in the study of human behavior. This paper presents a head position monitoring and classification system using thin flexible strain sensing threads placed on the neck of an individual. A wireless circuit module consisting of impedance readout circuitry and a Bluetooth module records and transmits strain information to a computer. A data processing algorithm for motion recognition provides near real-time quantification of head position. Incoming data is filtered, normalized and divided into data segments. A set of features is extracted from each data segment and employed as input to nine classifiers including Support Vector Machine, Naive Bayes and KNN for position prediction. A testing accuracy of around 92% was achieved for a set of nine head orientations. Results indicate that this human machine interface platform is accurate, flexible, easy to use, and cost effective.
Direct Measurements of Fermi Level Pinning at the Surface of Intrinsically n-Type InGaAs Nanowires (2016)

Surface effects strongly dominate the intrinsic properties of semiconductor nanowires (NWs), an observation that is commonly attributed to the presence of surface states and their modification of the electronic band structure. Although the effects of the exposed, bare NW surface have been widely studied with respect to charge carrier transport and optical properties, the underlying electronic band structure, Fermi level pinning, and surface band bending profiles are not well explored. Here, we directly and quantitatively assess the Fermi level pinning at the surfaces of composition-tunable, intrinsically n-type InGaAs NWs, as one of the prominent, technologically most relevant NW systems, by using correlated photoluminescence (PL) and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS). From the PL spectral response, we reveal two dominant radiative recombination pathways, that is, direct near-band edge transitions and red-shifted, spatially indirect transitions induced by surface band bending. The separation of their relative transition energies changes with alloy composition by up to more than ∼40 meV and represent a direct measure for the amount of surface band bending. We further extract quantitatively the Fermi level to surface valence band maximum separation using XPS, and directly verify a composition-dependent transition from downward to upward band bending (surface electron accumulation to depletion) with increasing Ga-content x(Ga) at a crossover near x(Ga) ∼ 0.2. Core level spectra further demonstrate the nature of extrinsic surface states being caused by In-rich suboxides arising from the native oxide layer at the InGaAs NW surface.
Evaluation of Lifetime of FGMs Disilicide Coatings for γ-TiAl Intermetallic Compound (2009)

The NbSi2/Nb/-TiAl and NbSi2/Nb functionally graded materials (FGMs) were prepared and their tolerances tested by exposing them to temperatures from 1050 °C to 1250 °C under vacuum and in air. Oxygen resistivity was estimated from metallographic investigations. The FGM lifetime was estimated by using a diffusion equation that considers the disappearance of the NbSi2 and Nb interlayer. These occurred during NbSi2 oxidation and Si diffusion from NbSi2 to Nb and interdiffusion between Nb and -TiAl. The results were validated by diffusion equations.
Low-Power AES Design Using Parallel Architecture (2008)

This paper presents a design of AES (advanced encryption standard) with parallel architecture. The proposed architecture maintains throughput as it is but consumes lower power than the original architecture by using 1/2 clock-rate and reducing supply voltage. Models were designed using VHDL and verified by both functional and gate-level simulation. They were logically synthesized using 0.25 um, 90 nm cell library by Synopsys Design compiler. Power consumption was computed by Synopsys PrimePower.
Mineralization of mono- and dichlorobenzenes and simultaneous degradation of chloro- and methyl-substituted benzenes by the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium (1995)

Phanerochaete chrysosporium extensively degraded and mineralized chlorobenzene and o-, m-, and p-dichlorobenzenes. The rate of degradation was in the following order: monochlorobenzene > m-dichlorobenzene > o-dichlorobenzene > p-dichlorobenzene. Net level of degradation was generally higher than mineralization. Maximal degradation and mineralization of chlorobenzenes were observed in malt extract cultures in which the lignin peroxidases and manganese peroxidases are not known to be produced. The fungus degraded both chlorobenzene and toluene when presented as a mixture, indicating its ability to simultaneously degrade chloro-substituted and methyl-substituted benzenes.
Multiserver support for large-scale distributed virtual environments (2005)

CyberWalk is a distributed virtual walkthrough system that we have developed. It allows users at different geographical locations to share information and interact within a shared virtual environment (VE) via a local network or through the Internet. In this paper, we illustrate that as the number of users exploring the VE increases, the server will quickly become the bottleneck. To enable good performance, CyberWalk utilizes multiple servers and employs an adaptive region partitioning technique to dynamically partition the whole VE into regions. All objects within each region will be managed by one server. Under normal circumstances, when a viewer is exploring a region, the server of that region will be responsible for serving all requests from the viewer. When a viewer is crossing the boundary of two or more regions, the servers of all the regions involved will be serving requests from the viewer since the viewer might be able to view objects within all these regions. This is analogous to evaluating a database query using a parallel database server, which could improve the performance of serving a viewer's request tremendously. We evaluate the performance of this multiserver architecture of CyberWalk via a detail simulation model.
Proteome Serological Determination of Tumor-Associated Antigens in Melanoma (2009)

Proteome serology may complement expression library-based approaches as strategy utilizing the patients' immune responses for the identification pathogenesis factors and potential targets for therapy and markers for diagnosis. Melanoma is a relatively immunogenic tumor and antigens recognized by melanoma-specific T cells have been extensively studied. The specificities of antibody responses to this malignancy have been analyzed to some extent by molecular genetic but not proteomics approaches. We screened sera of 94 melanoma patients for anti-melanoma reactivity and detected seropositivity in two-thirds of the patients with 2-6 antigens per case detected by 1D and an average of 2.3 per case by 2D Western blot analysis. For identification, antigen spots in Western blots were aligned with proteins in 2-DE and analyzed by mass spectrometry. 18 antigens were identified, 17 of which for the first time for melanoma. One of these antigens, galectin-3, has been related to various oncogenic processes including metastasis formation and invasiveness. Similarly, enolase has been found deregulated in different cancers. With at least 2 of 18 identified proteins implicated in oncogenic processes, the work confirms the potential of proteome-based antigen discovery to identify pathologically relevant proteins.
An electron-optical investigation of soil clay minerals and soil stabilizing agent reactions (1975)

Characterization of reference clay mineral standards was accomplished by use of the scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction, and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. Experiments were conducted to determine the reactions between these clay minerals and lime which was used as a soil stabilizing agent. Examination of clay minerals visually by use of the SEM offers a partial examination of the irreactivity with soil stabilizing agents. Both surface area and surface roughness increase while there is an apparent decrease in the crystallinity of the clay minerals examined in the following order; Kaolinite group, Illite group, and Montmorillonite group. Reactions were studied of several soil clay minerals with various proportions of Ca(OH)2 and both with and without contact with the air. The major product of the reactions is calcite with smaller amounts of the material 3CaO . Al2O3 . CaCO3 . LlH2O. Scanning electron microscopy of the reacted materials shows a rough, 'corroded' surface on the clays as well as the formation of small single crystals of calcite and Ca(OH)2. Experimental studies showed that the problems of swelling soils can be alleviated by a double application Ca(OH)2 under proper moisture conditions. (Author)
The Impacts of Microporous Layer Degradation on Liquid Water Distributions in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells Using Synchrotron Imaging (2017)

In this work, commercial gas diffusion layers (GDLs) both with and without microporous layers (MPLs) were degraded through an accelerated degradation process. Pristine and degraded GDLs were each assembled in a customized fuel cell to investigate MPL degradation impacts on the distribution of liquid water via synchrotron X-ray radiography. The presence of an MPL reduced the liquid water accumulation within the GDL, which provided benefits for the performance of the fuel cell. However, the MPL was more strongly affected by the degradation process compared to the carbon fiber substrate, leading to an increased mass transport resistance and a notable performance degradation. In the degraded GDL with an MPL, higher quantities of liquid water accumulated within the GDL, as well as at the catalyst layer/MPL, MPL/carbon fiber substrate, and GDL/flow field interfaces.