gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Study on mechanism of immunoregulatory role in the pathogenesis of pregnancy induced missed abortion (2008)

Objective:To investigate the mechanism of immunoreguatory role of T cell phenotypic subpopulation and Th1/Th2 functional subset in the pathogenesis of pregnancy induced missed abortion.Methods:Early missed abortion(8～10 weeks of gestation)of 14 and early pregnancy of 18(control)were used in this present study.The lymphocyte and granulocyte of percentage in leucocytes of peripheral blood were detected by an automatic blood corpuscle counter.The flow cytometry was employed to measured T lymphocytes and their subpopulation in the peripheral blood.The levels of interleukin-4(IL-4)and interforn-γ(IFN-γ)in the serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay(ELISA).Results:①Compared with control group,the lymphocyte percentage in leucocytes of peripheral blood was notably increased(29.77±4.37 VS 23.4±5.96 P=0.020),and the rate of granulocyte was remarkably decreased in the patients with missed abortion(60.09±4.58 VS 67.76±7.31 P=0.011).②The percentage of CD3+ T cells and CD4+ T cells and the value CD4+/CD8+ in the peripheral blood were remarkably increased in patients with missed abortion compared with those in early normal pregnant women(66.76±8.76 VS 56.72±10.86 and 41.01±8.47 VS 31.22±7.70 and 1.83±0.50 VS 1.20±0.42,respectively).There was no marked difference of CD8+cells between them(25.05±5.87 VS 27.35±6.28).③The concentration of IFN-γ in serum from the early missed abortion was remarkably increased when compared with that from the early pregnant women(28.96±10.76ng/L VS 18.11±7.08 ng/L P=0.005 2),In addition,there was dramatic lower the level of IL-4 in the early missed pregnancy than in the control(13.16±8.37ng/L VS 25.91±15.96ng/L P=0.031 7).Conclusion:The occurrence of missed abortion may be associated with disorder of CD4+/CD8+ ratio,as well as of shift Th1/Th2 functional subset toward Th1.
In vitro activity of cefotiam against oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis strains--reevaluation of beta-lactam antibiotics efficiency on MRSE. (2007)

We evaluated the efficacy of cefotiam (CTM) against Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) isolated from blood culture and central venous catheters. Of the S. epidermidis strains tested, 82.3% were methicillin (MPIPC)-resistant (MPIPC MIC > or = 0.5 microg/ml) and expressed the mecA gene, and 89.2% of these MPIPC-resistant S. epidermidis (MRSE) showed less than 8.0 microg/ml CTM MIC. In vitro killing kinetics of CTM against MRSE demonstrated that strains with high CTM MIC (> or = 4.0 microg/ml) showed high MPIPC MIC (> or = 4.0 microg/ml). All strains with low CTM MIC (< or = 2.0 microg/ml) showed MPIPC MIC lower than 2.0 microg/ml. In time-kill studies, CTM had high bactericidal activity against strains with low CTM MIC (< or = 2.0 microg/ml), regardless of whether they were mecA positive. These results demonstrated that MRSE isolates with low CTM MIC (< or = 2.0 microg/ml) are not easily induced CTM resistance by CTM treatment in vitro, and indicated the possibility that beta-lactams such as CTM could be an effective antibiotic agents against beta-lactam-sensitive MRSE infections.
A hypothesis to explain ganglion cell death caused by vascular insults at the optic nerve head: possible implication for the treatment of glaucoma (2001)

Glaucoma is a progressive optic neuropathy with characteristic optic disc changes and associated visual field defects. 1 2 The pattern and progression of visual field loss due to ganglion cell death varies between glaucoma patients suggesting that there is some variability in the magnitude of the insult responsible for the cell loss. 4]
Environmental and occupational factors affecting fertility and IVF success (2004)

Reproductive function has been shown to be sensitive to changes in the physical, psychosocial and chemical environments. Although reproductive effects of occupational exposure to hazardous chemicals have been well documented in the literature, the potential effects of chemical contaminants at levels representative of contemporary exposures in the general population are much less certain. Evidence for adverse effects of exposure to environmental contaminants is more conclusive among the lower animals than for humans where considerable controversy remains. In addition to potential reproductive hazards of exposure to environmental contaminants, there is also evidence for adverse reproductive effects of the physical and psychosocial environments. In this review we focus on the difficulties involved in linking exposure to putative hazardous substances in environmental and occupational settings to adverse reproductive outcomes, especially success of IVF procedures. We highlight the plausibility of adverse events through animal and cell studies and the application of these results to the interpretation of human data. We consider both the male and female partners since it is essentially their combined contributions of gametes which may be affected by chemicals, which lead to successful outcomes.
Model for hydrogen isotope backscattering, trapping and depth profiles in C and a-Si (1979)

A model of low energy hydrogen trapping and backscattering in carbon and a-silicon is described. Depth profiles are calculated and numerical results presented for various incident angular and energy distributions. The calculations yield a relation between depth profiles and the incident ion energy distribution. The use of this model for tokamak plasma diagnosis is discussed.
Potential carcinostatics. Synthesis and biological properties of d- and l-.beta.,.beta.-difluoroaspartic acid and .beta.,.beta.-difluoroasparagine (1977)

Di-tert-butyl beta,beta-difluorooxaloacetate, prepared by fluorination of di-tert-butyl oxaloacetate with perchloryl fluoride, was converted to di-tert-butyl beta,beta-difluoroaspartate via its O-methyl oxime, followed by reduction. The tert-butyl ester was hydrolyzed to give a mixture of dl-beta,beta-difluoroaspartic acid, which was resolved via its brucine salts. dl-Difluoroaspartic acid was converted into beta,beta-difluoroasparagine by monoesterification and subsequent ammonolysis. Racemic beta,beta-difluoroaspartic acid inhibits aspartate aminotransferase. Cell growth of 3T3-F cells was slightly inhibited by l-beta,beta-difluoraspartic acid while the d enantiomer was without effect in this test system.
Discovery of a New Potent Oxindole Multi-kinase Inhibitor Among a Series of Designed 3-Alkenyl-oxindoles with ancillary Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitory activity as antiproliferative agents (2023)

Abstract An optimization strategy was adopted for designing and synthesizing new series of 2-oxindole conjugates. Selected compounds were evaluated for their antiproliferative effect in vitro against NCI-60 cell lines panel, inhibitory effect on carbonic anhydrase (CA) isoforms (hCAI, II, IX and XII), and protein kinases. Compounds 5 and 7 showed promising inhibitory effects on hCA XII, whereas compound 4d was the most potent inhibitor with low nanomolar CA inhibition against all tested isoforms. These results were rationalized by using molecular docking. Despite its lack of CA inhibitory activity, compound 15c was the most active antiproliferative candidate against most of the 60 cell lines with mean growth inhibition 61.83%. To uncover the mechanism of action behind its antiproliferative activity, compound 15c was assessed against a panel of protein kinases (RET, KIT, cMet, VEGFR1,2, FGFR1, PDFGR and BRAF) showing % inhibition of 74%, 31%, 62%, 40%, 73%, 74%, 59% and 69%, respectively, and IC 50 of 1.287, 0.117 and 1.185, respectively, against FGFR1, VEGFR and RET kinases. These results were also explained through molecular docking.
[P4–046]: PARTIAL VOLUME SUSCEPTIBILITY OF TAU PET: REGIONWISE ASSESSMENT AND COMPARISON WITH AMYLOID PET (2017)

Although Tau PET became an emerging imaging modality for investigating Alzheimer's disease (AD), the impact of partial volume effect (PVE) and its correction (PVC) has not been sufficiently addressed thus far. We evaluated the partial volume susceptibility (PVS) of many cortical and subcortical regions on Tau PET comparing with amyloid PET. We recruited total 116 subjects including normal/subjective memory impairment (SMI), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and AD. All subjects underwent Tau PET with F-18 THK5351 and amyloid PET with F-18 Florbetaben. 3D volumetric T1 images were also acquired for creating cortical volume of interests (VOIs) for both quantification and PVC. To this end, we used Freesurfer-based cortical gray/white matter parcellation, i.e., a gyral parcellation based on Desikan atlas. Using geometric transfer matrix approach, we conducted region-based PVC, and using the ratio of it and its smoothed version, further conducted voxel-based PVC. We defined PVS as the ratio of VOI mean values of PV-corrected PET over that of original (PV-uncorrected) PET. We also conducted subgroup analysis: 1) amyloid positive and negative groups, and 2) AD/ MCI and normal/SMI groups. In general, PVSs of Tau PET in cortical gray matter were significantly higher (1.6–1.7) than those of FBB PET (1.3–1.5). In particular, hippocampus and caudate in Tau PET exhibited high (1.5–1.6) PVS, whereas those in FBB PET exhibited no PVS (=1.0) or mild overestimation (PVS<1.0). FBB PET shows significantly higher PVS in amyloid positive group than negative group and also AD/MCI groups than normal SMI groups, but there was no significant difference of PVS of Tau PET among subgroups. Tau PET exhibited much extensive and severe partial volume susceptibility than amyloid PET. Therefore, we suggest appropriate PVC is needed for the accurate quantification of Tau PET.
The sugar code : fundamentals of glycosciences (2009)

CHEMICAL BASIS The Biochemical Basis and Coding Capacity of the Sugar Code (Rudiger, Gabius) Three-dimensional Aspects of the Sugar Code (Kozar, Andre, Ulicny, Gabius) The Chemist's Way to Synthesize Glycosides (Oscarson) The Chemist's Way to Prepare Multivalency (Chabre, Roy) Analytical Aspects: The Analysis of Protein-Bound Glycans (Nakagawa) NATURAL GLYCOSYLATION - GLYCOPROTEINS N-Glycosylation (Zuber, Roth) O-Glycosylation: Structural Diversity and Functions (Patsos, Corfield) Glycosylation of Model and Lower Organisms (Wilson, Paschinger, Rendic) Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Anchors: Structure, Biosynthesis and Functions (Shams-Eldin, Debierre-Grockiego, Schwarz) NATURAL GLYCOSYLATION - GLYCOLIPIDS, PROTEOGLYCANS, CHITIN Glycolipids (Kopitz) Proteoglycans (Buddecke) Chitin (Merzendorfer) PROTEIN-CARBOHYDRATE INTERACTIONS Protein-Carbohydrate Interactions: Basic Concepts and Methods for Analysis (Solis, Romero, Menendez, Jimenez-Barbero) How to Determine Specificity: From Lectin Profiling to Glycan Mapping and Arrays (Tateno, Kuno, Hirabayashi) The History of Lectinology (Rudiger, Gabius) Ca2+: Mastermind and Active Player for Lectin Activity (Including a Gallery of Lectin Folds) (Gabius) Bacterial and Viral Lectins (Holgersson, Gustafsson, Gaunitz) Plant Lectins (Rudiger, Gabius) Animal and Human Lectins (Gabius) Routes in Lectin Evolution: Case Study on the C-Type Lectin-Like Domains (Gready, Zelensky) Carbohydrate-Carbohydrate Interactions (Bucior, Burger, Fernandez-Busquets) BIOMEDICAL ASPECTS AND CASE STUDIES Diseases of Glycosylation (Hennet) Animal Models to Delineate Glycan Functionality (Honke, Taniguchi) Glycobiology of Fertilization and Early Embryonic Development (Habermann, Sinowatz) Glycans as Functional Markers in Malignancy? (Andre, Kopitz, Kaltner, Villalobo, Gabius) Small is Beautiful: Mini-Lectins in Host Defense (Lehrer) Inflammation and Glycosciences (Schwartz-Albiez) Sugars as Pharmaceuticals (Osborn, Turkson) Platelet Glycoproteins as Lectins in Hematology (Hoffmeister, Falet) Neurobiology meets Glycosciences (Ledeen, Wu) COMPANION WEB-SITE: www.wiley-vch.de/home/thesugarcode
2.2 W/mm at 94 GHz in AlN/GaN/AlN High‐Electron‐Mobility Transistors on SiC (2023)

Aluminum nitride (AlN) offers novel potential for electronic integration and performance benefits for high‐power, millimeter‐wave amplification. Herein, load‐pull power performance at 30 and 94 GHz for AlN/GaN/AlN high‐electron‐mobility transistors (HEMTs) on silicon carbide (SiC) is reported. When tuned for peak power‐added efficiency (PAE), the reported AlN/GaN/AlN HEMT shows PAE of 25% and 15%, with associated output power () of 2.5 and 1.7 W mm −1 , at 30 and 94 GHz, respectively. At 94 GHz, the maximum generated is 2.2 W mm −1 , with associated PAE of 13%.
Oxidative Enzymes from the Lignin-Degrading Fungus Pleurotus sajor-caju (1989)

Two extracellular oxidase enzymes proposed to play a role in lignin depolymerisation, laccase (polyphenol oxidase) and veratryl alcohol oxidase (VAO), were isolated from ligninolytic cultures of Pleurotus sajor-caju. The enzymes were produced in agitated, mycological broth cultures and were isolated after 12 days from supernatants by precipitation and chromatography. Two purified VAO enzymes had very similar physical and biochemical properties. They oxidised a variety of aromatic primary alcohols to aldehydes with reduction of oxygen to hydrogen peroxide. Sequential treatment of the laccase substrate ABTS with laccase and then VAO and veratryl alcohol produced first appearance and then disappearance of characteristic colors. A reduction-oxidation cycle is proposed for the two enzymes in depolymerisation of phenolic substructures of lignin.
Comparative Genomic Analyses of Seventeen Streptococcus pneumoniae Strains: Insights into the Pneumococcal Supragenome (2007)

The distributed-genome hypothesis (DGH) states that pathogenic bacteria possess a supragenome that is much larger than the genome of any single bacterium and that these pathogens utilize genetic recombination and a large, noncore set of genes as a means of diversity generation. We sequenced the genomes of eight nasopharyngeal strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from pediatric patients with upper respiratory symptoms and performed quantitative genomic analyses among these and nine publicly available pneumococcal strains. Coding sequences from all strains were grouped into 3,170 orthologous gene clusters, of which 1,454 (46%) were conserved among all 17 strains. The majority of the gene clusters, 1,716 (54%), were not found in all strains. Genic differences per strain pair ranged from 35 to 629 orthologous clusters, with each strain's genome containing between 21 and 32% noncore genes. The distribution of the orthologous clusters per genome for the 17 strains was entered into the finite-supragenome model, which predicted that (i) the S. pneumoniae supragenome contains more than 5,000 orthologous clusters and (ii) 99% of the orthologous clusters ( approximately 3,000) that are represented in the S. pneumoniae population at frequencies of >or=0.1 can be identified if 33 representative genomes are sequenced. These extensive genic diversity data support the DGH and provide a basis for understanding the great differences in clinical phenotype associated with various pneumococcal strains. When these findings are taken together with previous studies that demonstrated the presence of a supragenome for Streptococcus agalactiae and Haemophilus influenzae, it appears that the possession of a distributed genome is a common host interaction strategy.
9 Rational engineering of specialized metabolites in bacteria and fungi (2021)

Bacteria and fungi have a high potential to produce compounds that display large structural change and diversity, thus displaying an extensive range of biological activities. Secondary metabolism or specialized metabolism is a term for pathways and small molecule products of metabolism that are not mandatory for the subsistence of the organism but improve and control their phenotype. Their interesting biological activities have occasioned their application in the fields of agriculture, food, and pharmaceuticals. Metabolic engineering is a powerful approach to improve access to these treasured molecules or to rationally engineer new ones. A thorough overview of engineering methods in secondary metabolism is presented, both in heterologous and epigenetic modification. Engineering methods to modify the structure of some secondary metabolite classes in their host are also intensively assessed.
Influence of vacuum gauges on outgassing rate measurements (1993)

When the outgassing rates from eighteen chamber samples with different surface treatments for ultrahigh vacuum were measured by the throughput method, the minimum specific outgassing rate measured was limited to about 10−13 Torr ℓ/s/cm2 due to the outgassing of a Bayard–Alpert gauge (BAG), about 10−9 Torr ℓ/s. A measurement of outgassing rates with a BAG and an extractor gauge (EG) showed that the outgassing rate of the EG is lower than that of the BAG and that outgassing due to thermal desorption from the wall surrounding of the gauges cannot be neglected in seeking to obtain correct outgassing rates for the gauges, especially for the case after baking. A new type of quadrupole mass spectrometer (QMS) and an extractor gauge (EG) showed an outgassing rate of 6–7×10−11 Torr ℓ/s. Using the QMS and EG, a minimum specific outgassing rate from the sample chambers was measured on the order of 10−14 Torr ℓ/s/cm2 from the total pressure. The measurement showed that the main residual gas species are H2O, before baking, and H2, after baking. Therefore, the outgassing rate (q) must be described using the partial pressures of the residual gases and was 2.0×10−10 Torr ℓ/s/cm2 for water (qH2O) and 1.4×10−13 Torr ℓ/s/cm2 for hydrogen (qH2) from an A6063 EX mirror-finished sample.
Study of Hydrothermal Stability and Water Sorption Characteristics of 3-Dimensional Zn-Based Trimesate (2013)

Zinc trimesate material with high hydrothermal stability was studied for water adsorption/desorption dynamics, and we explained the reason for material’s stability in water. A zinc trimesate Zn2(BTC)(OH)(H2O)·1.67H2O with the three-dimensional framework contains [Zn2O6(OH)(H2O)] chains with ZnO2(OH)2 tetrahedra and ZnO4(OH)(H2O) octahedra corner-shared through μ3-OH group. Inorganic chains are linked with 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylates forming two types of parallel channels (open and closed) containing adsorbed water in different environments. Closed channels are occupied by free water molecules connected through strong hydrogen-bonds with coordinated water, whereas open-type channels contain water molecules with partially occupied oxygen atom sites. The dynamics of water adsorption/desorption was evaluated by complementary techniques of thermogravimetric (TG), infrared (IR), water sorption, and different magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR) techniques. The removal of water from open channels occurs below 100 °C, whereas hydrogen-bonded water molecules and coordinated water are expelled at higher temperatures. 2H MAS NMR was employed to prove that the removal of water from closed channels is not entirely simultaneous and that adsorbed water begins to diffuse at slightly lower temperatures than the coordinated one. The investigated material shows high hydrothermal stability and withstands 40-cycle hydrothermal-stability test without any significant loss of the structure integrity. It also shows complete structural reversibility upon dehydration/rehydration process at 200 °C. The reason for high stability in water mainly lies in the stabilization of the inorganic chains established by the interaction between the adsorbed water molecules and coordinated ones (framework water) via hydrogen bonds. The material also exhibits notable sorption capacity for water (208 mg·g–1) adsorbed in a stepwise process.
Environmental Agents, Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and Rat Thyroid Carcinogenesis (2001)

Thyroid cell proliferation caused by environmental compounds is well known to be associated promotion of carcinogenesis. For example, kojic acid, a secondary fungal metabolite, induces cell proliferation in rat thyroid follicular epithelium, and promotes thyroid carcinogenesis after initiation with N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine (DHPN). This was due to negative feedback through the pituitary-thyroid axis caused by inhibition of iodide uptake and iodine organification. Subcutaneous cholesterol pellets containing 17β-estradiol 3-benzoate also enhance rat thyroid carcinogenesis in ovariectomized female rats initiated with DHPN, although this was not the case with weak endocrine disrupting chemicals such as methoxychlor, atrazine and bisphenol A, which rather caused inhibition, possibly due to decrease in body weight gain. A high soybean diet enhances thyroid cell proliferation with increase in serum TSH level in synergism with a low iodine diet, presumably soybean diet primarily stimulate serum TSH release from the pituitary specifically under iodine deficiency conditions.
Differential regulation of phosphoinositide and phosphatidylcholine hydrolysis by protein kinase C-beta 1 overexpression. Effects on stimulation by alpha-thrombin, guanosine 5'-O-(thiotriphosphate), and calcium. (1992)

Rat 6 fibroblasts that stably overexpress cDNA for the beta 1 isozyme of protein kinase C (PKC3 cells) were used to determine the effect of protein kinase C (PKC) overexpression on hormonal stimulation of phospholipid hydrolysis. In control Rat 6 cells, inositol trisphosphate levels (InsP3) were increased 9-fold in 15 s in response to 10 nM alpha-thrombin, compared with only a 2-fold increase in PKC3 cells. PKC overexpression also inhibited thrombin-stimulated production of 1,2-diacylglycerol, the other product of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate hydrolysis, by 73% at 15 s. In permeabilized cells, PKC overexpression greatly reduced guanosine thiotriphosphate-stimulated InsP3 accumulation, but did not affect InsP3 stimulation by increased free calcium concentration. These data suggest that desensitization of thrombin-stimulated phosphoinositide-phospholipase C is enhanced by PKC-beta 1 overexpression and may involve modulation of G-protein/phospholipase C coupling. In contrast, thrombin was 4.5-fold more effective in stimulation of phosphatidylcholine-phospholipase D activity in PKC3 cells than in control cells, as determined by phosphatidylethanol formation. In permeabilized cells, guanosine thiotriphosphate also stimulated phospholipase D activity more effectively in PKC3 cells than in control cells, suggesting that upregulation of phospholipase D activity by PKC overexpression occurs distal to the thrombin receptor. These results suggest that PKC may act as a switch to up-regulate phosphatidylcholine-phospholipase D and down-regulate phosphoinositide-phospholipase C stimulations.
A fading-insensitive performance metric for a unified link quality model (2006)

Link quality model is widely used in system evaluations to simplify the simulation complexity. It is also important in practical systems for improving the accuracy of the link adaptation and the efficiency of radio-resource-management. Conventional linear average SNR characterization of fading channel performance lacks generality, since the same linear SNR value may lead to drastic block error rate differences in various fading channels. A unified metric is proposed in this paper for link performance characterization and quality modeling. This paper proposes a mutual-information-based (Mi-based) link quality model, which contains separate modulation and coding models. The modulation model maps the received SNR to the mutual information symbol by symbol. The coding model maps the sum or average of the mutual information to decoding performance for each coding block. The existing methods based on the effective signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) of a multi-state channel have limited accuracy in the mixed modulation cases. Compared with the existing models, the Mi-model is simpler and easier to apply to mixed-modulation cases and different H-ARQ schemes. The simulation results verify the accuracy in different multi-state channels and give the comparison with the exponential effective-SNR-mapping (EESM) model