gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intercalation stage dependence of core electronic excitations in Li-intercalated graphite from inelastic X-ray scattering (2017)

Li and C 1s core-electron excitation spectra of electrochemically prepared stage-II and stage-I lithiated graphite were investigated by means of inelastic X-ray scattering spectroscopy. The near-edge structure is discussed, and the spectral features are interpreted using ab initio calculations. Our results confirm the invariance of the excitation threshold for transitions from C 1s core-states to empty π* states upon Li intercalation for stage-I and show this invariance also occurs for the second stage of intercalation. A systematic shift of the σ* excitation threshold to lower energies with the Li content was observed. The Li core spectra reveal an ionic character of the intercalated Li in stage-I and in stage-II. The present results provide further valuable information for forthcoming in situ studies of lithiation/delithiation processes in graphite anodes by inelastic X-ray scattering spectroscopy.
Onycholysis: an overview. (1991)

Onycholysis is commonly seen in dermatological practice. To treat this disorder properly, it must be approached in an orderly manner. The cause must be ascertained and eliminated, if possible. General treatment principles and specific recommendations for diagnosis and therapy have been made.
Transformation of structured documents (1996)

Structure de nitions of documents have been used successfully for inputting and formatting in text processing systems. This report considers transformations between different representations of structured documents and studies possibilities to extend the use of structure de nitions to document transformations and to discover algorithmic methods for carrying out transformations. Documents are presented as parse trees for context-free grammars and transformations are made from parse tree to parse tree. First, the report describes di erences of manuscript styles required by various scienti c journals and presents a declarative classi cation for structure di erences between two parse trees. Second, a set of tree transformation methods are described and their suitability for transformations between documents having a structure di erence in each de ned class is analyzed. For each class several methods may ormust be used and only certain kinds of di erences can be managed automatically. Finally, instead of designing a system where a method accommodates for all kinds of di erences or where di erent methods are used in various transformations, the report presents a model for a document transformation system that presents a possibilityof using various methods according to di erences in document representations. The system is divided two modules. In the rst one transformations are made automatically and they do not change the hierarchical structure of a document. In the second one transformations are made semiautomatically or nonautomatically and the hierarchical structure changes. Differences between the existing and the required representation of a document are analyzed and methods selected according to the classi ed di erences.
Body Size and Prostate Cancer: A 20-Year Follow-up Study Among 135006 Swedish Construction Workers (1997)

Our large cohort study indicates that various aspects of body size are related to the risk of prostate cancer and that future studies are needed to study the role of body size and prostate cancer.
The Current Legislation of Collective Bargaining Dispute Resolution: An Analysis Based on the Regulations in Germany (2015)

As an important labor market institution, collective bargaining plays an important role in resolving labor conflicts, regulating parties’ interests and adjusting working conditions. But current Labor Law only provide limited regulations on how to resolve the dispute during bargaining, namely, there are merely two paths of mutual consultation and coordination with the Government. The limitation of current resolution regulation lies mainly in three aspects: invalidation of construction between party autonomy and national compulsory intervention, no regulation of the relationship among government coordination, arbitration, and litigation, no explicit provisions of the relationship between collective bargaining and industrial conflict. Germany stresses three principles of autonomy of collective-agreement, national neutrality, and last resort in dealing with collective bargaining disputes, which is enlightening reference on China’s collective bargaining dispute settlement resolution.
Two-photon-excited fluorescence enhanced by a surface plasmon (1996)

We demonstrate a technique that utilizes surface-plasmon resonance to intensify the fluorescence produced by multiphoton excitation. By enhancing the electric field initially generated by the excitation laser light, the presence of plasmon resonance introduces a gain 90 times higher in the experimentally observed fluorescence intensity than that produced from total internal reflection fluorescence. We also analyze the enhancement efficacy of surface-plasmon resonance as a function of the excitation wavelength.
High-Sensitivity Electron Capture Dissociation Tandem FTICR Mass Spectrometry of Microelectrosprayed Peptides (2001)

Electron capture dissociation (ECD) has previously been shown by other research groups to result in greater peptide sequence coverage than other ion dissociation techniques and to localize labile posttranslational modifications. Here, ECD has been achieved for 10-13-mer peptides microelectrosprayed from 10 nM (10 fmol/microL) solutions and for tryptic peptides from a 50 nM unfractionated digest of a 28-kDa protein. Tandem Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectra contain fragment ions corresponding to cleavages at all possible peptide backbone amine bonds, except on the N-terminal side of proline, for substance P and neurotensin. For luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone, all but two expected backbone amine bond cleavages are observed. The tandem FTICR mass spectra of the tryptic peptides contain fragment ions corresponding to cleavages at 6 of 12 (1545.7-Da peptide) and 8 of 21 (2944.5-Da peptide) expected backbone amine bonds. The present sensitivity is 200-2000 times higher than previously reported. These results show promise for ECD as a tool to produce sequence tags for identification of peptides in complex mixtures available only in limited amounts, as in proteomics.
Bayesian Estimation of the True Score Multitrait–Multimethod Model With a Split-Ballot Design (2017)

This article examines whether Bayesian estimation with minimally informed prior distributions can alleviate the estimation problems often encountered with fitting the true score multitrait–multimethod structural equation model with split-ballot data. In particular, the true score multitrait–multimethod structural equation model encounters an empirical underidentification when (a) latent variable correlations are homogenous, and (b) fitted to data from a 2-group split-ballot design; an understudied case of empirical underidentification due to a planned missingness (i.e., split-ballot) design. A Monte Carlo simulation and 3 empirical examples showed that Bayesian estimation performs better than maximum likelihood (ML) estimation. Therefore, we suggest using Bayesian estimation with minimally informative prior distributions when estimating the true score multitrait–multimethod structural equation model with split-ballot data. Furthermore, given the increase in planned missingness designs in psychological research, we also suggest using Bayesian estimation as a potential alternative to ML estimation for analyses using data from planned missingness designs.
Alkenylation of 1- and 2-Naphthols by Using Magnesium Alkylidene Carbenoids as Electrophilic Alkenylating Agents (2013)

1- and 2-Naphthols were successfully alkenylated in a regioselective manner by treating the corresponding lithium 1- and 2-naphtholates with magnesium alkylidene carbenoids. The magnesium alkylidene carbenoids were generated <i>in situ</i> by a sulfoxide–magnesium exchange reaction of 1-chlorovinyl 4-tolyl sulfoxides with isopropylmagnesium chloride. The reaction of magnesium alkylidene carbenoids with lithium 2-naphtholates took place at the 1-position of the naphthyl ring to give 1-(alk-1-enyl)-2-naphthols in respectable yields. The alkenylation of 1-naphthols proceeded at the 2-position of the naphthol ring to give 2-(alk-1-enyl)-1-naphthols in yields of 56–67%. In contrast to the reaction of lithium naphtholates with magnesium alkylidene carbenoids, the reaction of lithium phenolates gave low yields of the corresponding alk-1-enyl aryl ethers.
Ginsenoside-Rg5 Inhibits Retinoblastoma Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis through Suppressing BCL2 Expression (2018)

Ginsenoside-Rg5 inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in retinoblastoma cells by inactivating the AKT signaling pathway, thereby downregulating BCL2 expression.
Nonstationarity in human perceptual ultradian rhythms. (1977)

Thirty subjects tests on the SAE for 8 hrs during morning and evening periods demonstrated significant ultradian rhythms in perception. The perceptual rhythms were nonstationary with respect to 1) the frequency of the rhythms reflected in some slowing of the rhythms during the course of the testing period, and in frequency differences between the morning and afternoon rhythms, and 2) the level of the illusion reflected in abrupt shifts in the magnitude of the SAE during the course of the testing period without subsequent recovery.
Stanford University Unstructured (SU2): Analysis and Design Technology for Turbulent Flows (2014)

This paper presents a comprehensive set of test cases for the verification and validation (V & V) of the Stanford University Unstructured (SU) software suite within the context of compressible, turbulent flows described by the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations. SU is an open-source (Lesser General Public License, version 2.1), integrated analysis and design tool for solving multi-disciplinary problems governed by partial differential equations (PDEs) on general, unstructured meshes. As such, SU is able to handle arbitrarily complex geometries, mesh adaptation, and a variety of physical problems. At its core, the software suite is a collection of C++ modules embedded within a Python framework that are built specifically for both PDE analysis and PDE-constrained optimization, including surface gradient computations using the continuous adjoint technique. V & V studies of twoand three-dimensional problems are presented for turbulent flows across a wide range of Mach numbers (from subsonic flat plate studies to a complex, transonic aircraft configuration). The presentation of this comprehensive V & V of SU is intended to be the main contribution of this paper: the results generated with SU in a variety of standard test cases compare well with experimental data and established flow solvers that have undergone similar V & V efforts. For completeness, the adjoint-based shape design capability within SU is also illustrated.
Absolute Instability Conditions for Lur'e Systems (2013)

This paper is concerned with instability analysis of Lur'e systems. First, a definition of absolute instability is introduced. Then, linear matrix inequalities and equivalent frequency domain inequalities are derived for absolute instability. They are analogous to well-known circle criteria for absolute stability.
A STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF RADIO SYSTEM COVERAGE ACCEPTANCE TESTING (1994)

Coverage acceptance testing of radio system coverage must be performed in a statistical manner in order to be valid. The Coverage Acceptance Test Plan (CATP), though independent statistically, must match the coverage prediction parameters in order to provide proof of performance. Coverage prediction parameters are discussed and statistical methods of proving that reliable radio system coverage exists over the coverage area presented. A hardware/software package called FACTWARE is introduced which, in combination with a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver, automatically collects data for the proof of these methods.
'AVIATION ENGLISH' SEEN AS SAFETY BOOST. (1996)

ENGLISH-LANGUAGE TRAINING ENABLING PERSONNEL TO UNDERSTAND AND COMMUNICATE IN NONSTANDARD SITUATIONS.
Conditional densities for continuous-time nonlinear hybrid systems with applications to fault detection (2002)

Continuous-time nonlinear stochastic differential state and measurement equations, all of which have coefficients capable of abrupt changes at a random time, are considered; finite-state jump Markov chains are used to model the changes. Conditional probability densities which are essential in obtaining filtered estimates for these hybrid systems are then derived. They are governed by a coupled system of stochastic partial differential equations. When the Q-matrix of the Markov chain is either lower or upper diagonal, it is shown that the system of conditional density equations is finite-dimensional computable. These findings are then applied to a fault detection problem to compute state estimates that include the failure time.
Influence of Channel Mismatch on Interferometric SAR Performance and Experiment Validation (2010)

The mismatch between synthetic aperture radar (SAR) central electronic equipment (CEE) is one of the futures of distributed interferometric SAR (InSAR) system compared with the traditional single-satellite double pass interferometric SAR system, which has to be considered in the SAR system design, error index allocation, realization and calibration. A channel amplitude and phase mismatch (APM) model is introduced to analyze its impact on SAR image phase and InSAR interferometric phase. Then we obtain the channel APM influence on interferometric SAR thought an interferometric SAR hardware-in-loop validation experiment using the main and redundancy channel of one CEE payload, a target echo signal simulator (TESS) and other auxiliary equipments. It is showed that the validation experiment results are highly consistent with the results of theoretical analysis, which verifies the influence analysis of channel APM and facilitates the radar equipment design and implementation.
Fractional E1 transport in Gigabit Passive Optical Network (2011)

Legacy telephone services are transmitted in Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON) by non fractionated E1 data streams, known as native Time Division Multiplexing (TDM), or by circuit emulation service (CES). We propose a new technique for transmitting those E1 streams in a more efficient bandwidth allocation scheme, by fragmenting E1 signals without using circuit emulation techniques. The proposal, based on the combination of spatial and temporal switching, has been simulated in a hardware description language (HDL) platform and the results demonstrate the potential use of the technique in GPON equipment.
Deconvoluting hepatic processing of carbon nanotubes (2016)

Single-wall carbon nanotubes present unique opportunities for drug delivery, but have not advanced into the clinic. Differential nanotube accretion and clearance from critical organs have been observed, but the mechanism not fully elucidated. The liver has a complex cellular composition that regulates a range of metabolic functions and coincidently accumulates most particulate drugs. Here we provide the unexpected details of hepatic processing of covalently functionalized nanotubes including receptor-mediated endocytosis, cellular trafficking and biliary elimination. Ammonium-functionalized fibrillar nanocarbon is found to preferentially localize in the fenestrated sinusoidal endothelium of the liver but not resident macrophages. Stabilin receptors mediate the endocytic clearance of nanotubes. Biocompatibility is evidenced by the absence of cell death and no immune cell infiltration. Towards clinical application of this platform, nanotubes were evaluated for the first time in non-human primates. The pharmacologic profile in cynomolgus monkeys is equivalent to what was reported in mice and suggests that nanotubes should behave similarly in humans.
STARS AND STRIPES (2010)

Stars and Stripes is a unique newspaper with a distinctive mission, ownership and journalistic staff unlike any in the USA. Despite its parentage in the US Department of Defense, directives give the newspaper editorial independence. Still, military commanders and Pentagon overseers have challenged and interfered with those rights since the newspaper's First World War beginnings in Europe. This study examines the published accounts of that struggle, finding that despite the newspaper's journalistic successes, the military has periodically engaged in control and interference, particularly because of the newspaper's logistical dependence upon the Department of Defense. Stars and Stripes' achievements have largely been dependent upon having the support of various military commanders in charge of US overseas military forces, having military editors or publishers who were resolute against military intrusion, or having the involvement of Congressional oversight committees and other news media willing to expose military news management at the newspaper.
Grain refinement of electron-beam-melted crystal bar zirconium by equal channel angular extrusion (2003)

Electrowbeam (EB) melted crystal bar zirconium has a very low oxygen content (approximately 100 ppm by weight), but a coarse grain structure that needs to be refined to allow successfbl part fabrication by conventional methods. Cylindrical rods were sectioned fiom an EB-melted billet by electrodischarge machining, and enclosed in seamless nickel tubing by electron beam welding plugs ia each end to make a final billet 9.5 mm in diameter by 50 mm in length. The billet was deformcd by equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) at room temperature in 120{sup o} tooling. Mer extrusion for 4 passes via route B{sub e} the material was annealed in vacuum for 1 h at 550 C. Because of the low oxygen content, the Zr could be successfully deformed by ECAE to high strains at room temperature. The as-cast grains were extensively subdivided by the processing. A fine uniform grain size of approximately 10 microns was achieved after the anneal, with a weak texture of only 2-3 times random.
Nanotoxicologie et réglementation des nanomédicaments (2020)

La question de la toxicité des nanomédicaments vis-à-vis des organes et des cellules-cibles est devenue essentielle, nécessitant l’étude de leur pharmacocinétique, de leur biodistribution et de leur élimination. À ce jour, seules des recommandations ont été produites par les agences du médicament.
An adaptive organizational policy for multi agent systems-AASMAN (2002)

Several formalisms for implementing organizational policies that assign specific roles to agents in a MAS have been proposed like the contract net protocol (CNP), the social reasoning mechanism (SRM), and the distributed computational economy (DCE). Organization self design (OSD) had been proposed to achieve load balancing in a distributed environment. In this paper we propose an adaptive organizational framework that exploits the essential features of CNP, SRM and DCE and integrates these with OSD. The resulting framework not only meets the needs of time constrained non critical applications where computational load on the organization cannot be predicted ahead of time but also utilises the available system resources efficiently.
Heparin-Protein-Wechselwirkungen (2002)

Heparin, ein zu den Glycosaminoglycanen gehörendes sulfatiertes Polysaccharid, zeigt eine Reihe wichtiger biologischer Wirkungen, die aus der Wechselwirkung mit Proteinen resultieren. Da Heparin die Geschwindigkeit erhöht, mit der Antithrombin die Serinproteasen in der Blutgerinnungskaskade inhibiert, findet es breite Anwendung als Antikoagulans (Antiblutgerinnungsmittel). Heparin und das strukturverwandte Heparansulfat sind komplizierte lineare Polymere, die aus Ketten unterschiedlicher Länge und Sequenz bestehen. Heparansulfat, das an den Oberflächen tierischer Zellen und in der extrazellulären Matrix ubiquitär ist, vermittelt ebenfalls eine Reihe physiologischer und pathophysiologischer Prozesse. Die Schwierigkeiten bei der Beurteilung der Rolle von Heparin und Heparansulfat in vivo können zum Teil auf die Unkenntnis der genauen Struktur und Sequenz dieser Polysaccharide zurückgeführt werden. Abgesehen davon weiß man über Kohlenhydrat-Protein-Wechselwirkungen viel weniger als über die eingehend untersuchten Protein-Protein- und Protein-Nucleinsäure-Wechselwirkungen. Die neuere umfangreiche Forschung über strukturelle, kinetische und thermodynamische Aspekte der Proteinbindung von Heparin und Heparansulfat führte zu neuen Erkenntnissen über die Heparin-Protein-Wechselwirkungen. Viele dieser Wechselwirkungen sind hochspezifisch, deshalb ist es für die Entwicklung neuer Therapeutika von grundlegender Bedeutung, sie auf molekularer Ebene zu verstehen. Dieser Aufsatz konzentriert sich auf die strukturellen und konformativen Eigenschaften von Heparin, die für die Wechselwirkungen mit Proteinen wichtig sind, außerdem wird die Wechselwirkung von Heparin und Heparansulfat mit ausgewählten Heparin-bindenden Proteingruppen behandelt.
Effects of supplementation with vitamin C or E on albuminuria, glomerular TGF-beta, and glomerular size in diabetes. (1997)

Oxidant stress and a reduction in antioxidant status, including reduced plasma and tissue ascorbic acid content, occur in diabetic patients and experimental models of diabetes. In this study, the effects of treatment of streptozotocin diabetic rats for 2 mo with vitamin C (10 g/kg body wt/d) or dietary vitamin E (200 mg/kg body wt/d) in the drinking water on urinary albumin excretion, glomerular transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta content, and glomerular size were examined. Treatment of diabetic rats with vitamin C or E had no effect on blood glucose levels compared with that in untreated diabetics (453 +/- 28 g/dl +/- SEM). Body weight, BP, and creatinine clearance rates were not significantly different among the study groups. Kidney weight was significantly higher in all of the diabetic groups compared with age-matched control rats. Treatment with vitamin C, but not vitamin E, significantly reduced kidney weight compared with that in untreated diabetic rats. Immunohistochemical staining for TGF-beta was 2.5-fold higher in glomeruli of cortical sections from untreated diabetic rats versus control rats. Treatment with vitamin C or E prevented the increase in glomerular TGF-beta immunoreactivity. Glomerular volume was also significantly increased (twofold) in kidneys of untreated diabetic rats compared with control rats, as assessed by light microscopy. Treatment with vitamin C prevented and treatment with vitamin E reduced the increase in glomerular volume. Treatment with vitamin C also prevented the sevenfold increase in albumin clearance otherwise seen in untreated diabetic rats. By contrast, treatment with vitamin E had no effect on albumin clearance despite reductions in glomerular size and TGF-beta. Renal cortical vitamin E and plasma, but not renal cortical vitamin C, were reduced in diabetic rats versus control rats. Supplementation of diabetic rats with vitamin C markedly increased plasma and renal cortical vitamin C content to values greater than those in control rats. Supplementation with vitamin E increased renal cortical vitamin E content by 50% compared with values in control rats and also increased plasma and renal cortical vitamin C. These results support the potential utility of antioxidant treatment for the prevention of renal injury in diabetes.