gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Determination of the Stereochemistry of 3-Hydroxymethyl-2,3-dihydro-[1,4]dioxino[2,3-b]- pyridine by Vibrational Circular Dichroism and the Effect of DFT Integration Grids (2003)

Vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectra are presented for 3-hydroxymethyl-2,3-dihydro-[1,4]dioxino[2,3-b]pyridine. The assignment of the stereochemistry has been done by comparison between the experimental spectra and theoretically calculated spectra for both enantiomers. The DFT calculations were found capable to correctly assign absolute configurations. The influence of the basis set used in the DFT calculations on the extent of the agreement between the theoretical and experimental findings was investigated by use of different Pople-style basis sets and correlation consistent basis sets, showing that 6-31G* is an acceptable basis set, and that cc-pVTZ yields the best agreement. Similarly, the effect of DFT integration grids was examined. A quantitative measure for the similarity between experimental and theoretical spectra is used.
Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of DSGb5 and Sialylated Globo‐series Glycans (2019)

Abstract Sialic‐acid‐binding, immunoglobulin‐type lectin‐7 (Siglec‐7) is present on the surface of natural killer cells. Siglec‐7 shows preference for disialylated glycans, including α(2,8)‐α(2,3)‐disialic acids or internally branched α(2,6)‐NeuAc, such as disialosylglobopentaose (DSGb5). Herein, DSGb5 was synthesized by a one‐pot multiple enzyme method from Gb5 by α2,3‐sialylation (with PmST1) followed by α2,6‐sialylation (with Psp2,6ST) in 23 % overall yield. DSGb5 was also chemoenzymatically synthesized. The protection of the nonreducing‐end galactose of Gb5 as 3,4‐ O ‐acetonide, 3,4‐ O ‐benzylidene, and 4,6‐ O ‐benzylidene derivatives provided DSGb5 in overall yields of 26 %, 12 %, and 19 %, respectively. Gb3, Gb4, and Gb5 were enzymatically sialylated to afford a range of globo‐glycans. Surprisingly, DSGb5 shows a low affinity for Siglec‐7 in a glycan microarray binding affinity assay. Among the synthesized globo‐series glycans, α6α3DSGb4 shows the highest binding affinity for Siglec‐7.
Achieving High Resolution Timer Events in Virtualized Environment (2015)

Virtual Machine Monitors (VMM) have become popular in different application areas. Some applications may require to generate the timer events with high resolution and precision. This however may be challenging due to the complexity of VMMs. In this paper we focus on the timer functionality provided by five different VMMs-Xen, KVM, Qemu, VirtualBox and VMWare. Firstly, we evaluate resolutions and precisions of their timer events. Apparently, provided resolutions and precisions are far too low for some applications (e.g. networking applications with the quality of service). Then, using Xen virtualization we demonstrate the improved timer design that greatly enhances both the resolution and precision of achieved timer events.
Combination of Differential Interference Contrast with Prism-Type Total Internal Fluorescence Microscope for Direct Observation of Polyamidoamine Dendrimer Nanoparticle as a Gene Delivery in Living Human Cells (2007)

A combined system of differential interference contrast (DIC) and total internal reflection fluorescence microscope (TIRFM) with a transmitted all-side polished dove prism was used for the direct monitoring of polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer nanoparticles as a gene delivery in living human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK 293) cells. The PAMAM dendrimer conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) was used to form a fluorescent nanoparticle with the plasmid DNA (complexes) in order to directly monitor the entry of the complexes inside living cells. The DIC image provided precise information of the living HEK 293 cellular structures. Without moving the cell, the TIRFM images of the PAMAM nanoparticle-DNA complexes on the all-side polished dove prism provided precise information on the distance between the cell membrane and the complexes (< 200 nm) as well as the real-time localization of the individual complexes in the cells. The complexes were observed in cytosol within 4 h after incubating the cells with the complexes in Dulbecco's modified eagle's medium. The localization data of the complexes inside the cell obtained by TIRFM were reconfirmed using 3D confocal microscopy images of the complexes at the subcellular localization. These results suggest that the combined system of DIC and all-side polished dove prism-type TIRFM is a powerful tool for the direct real-time monitoring of the internalization and subcellular localization of nanoparticles carrying genes through a nonviral approach for gene therapy.
Effects of the antihypertensive drug captopril on human salivary secretion rate and composition (1995)

The effects of the antihypertensive drug captopril on salivary secretion rate and composition was evaluated in 24 healthy adults (18-46 yr) according to a double-blind, cross-over design. Unstimulated and paraffin-chewing stimulated whole saliva and 3% citric acid stimulated parotid and submandibular-sublingual (SM-SL) secretion were collected at 10.30 a.m. (about 2h after intake of breakfast) on day 0 (baseline values), day 1 (experimental acute values) and day 7 (experimental chronic values) in each treatment period. In 8 of the subjects, also morning samples were collected at 7.30 a.m., with the test subjects in a fasting condition. Whole saliva was assessed for flow rate and for concentrations of sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium and phosphate. In addition, parotid and SM-SL secretion were assessed for concentrations of total protein, hexosamine, sialic acid, lactoferrin and salivary IgA and for activities of amylase, lysozyme and salivary peroxidase. During treatment with the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor captopril, the secretion rates tended to increase for unstimulated and paraffin-chewing stimulated whole saliva and for parotid secretion. For salivary composition, no alterations were observed in any of the collected secretions.
New Approaches to Washfast Dyes for Wool: (1975)

The possibility of using isothiuronium salts as ‘protected’ reactive dyes for wool has been examined. In principle, it should be possible to apply chromophores containing such salt groups as cationic dyes and to ensure levelness while they are still in the unreactive salt form. By raising the pH of the dyebath they could then be hydrolysed to insoluble thiol dyes, which could bind covalently to cystine residues in the wool by a thiol / disulphide interchange reaction. Various model isothiuronium salts have been synthesized and a study made on the effect of S‐ and N‐substituents on the ease of hydrolysis to thiol. The β‐isothioureidopropion‐anilide structure is proposed as a suitable group upon which a series of dyes could be based. Commercial Alcian (ICl) dyes, which contain isothiouronium salt groups, are shown to be unsuitable as ‘protected’ reactive dyes for wool because of their instability in hot solution. Mechanistic reasons are advanced to account for their sensitivity to hydrolysis.
Crystal Smectic‐B Phase from a Mesomorphic Ferrocene Derivative (1995)

Abstract The thermal properties of two ferrocene derivatives, substituted by either one or two cholesteryloxycarbonyl units, were investigated. While the monosubstituted ferrocene derivative 1 was found to be non‐mesomorphic, the disubstituted ferrocene derivative 2 exhibited a crystal smectic‐B phase. This result shows that ferrocene‐containing thermotropic liquid crystals, despite the bulkiness of the metallocene core, are not limited to disordered calamitic phases.
A Deep, Information-theoretic Framework for Robust Biometric Recognition (2019)

Deep neural networks (DNN) have been a de facto standard for nowadays biometric recognition solutions. A serious, but still overlooked problem in these DNN-based recognition systems is their vulnerability against adversarial attacks. Adversarial attacks can easily cause the output of a DNN system to greatly distort with only tiny changes in its input. Such distortions can potentially lead to an unexpected match between a valid biometric and a synthetic one constructed by a strategic attacker, raising security issue. In this work, we show how this issue can be resolved by learning robust biometric features through a deep, information-theoretic framework, which builds upon the recent deep variational information bottleneck method but is carefully adapted to biometric recognition tasks. Empirical evaluation demonstrates that our method not only offers stronger robustness against adversarial attacks but also provides better recognition performance over state-of-the-art approaches.
Real-time signal quality assessment for ECGs collected using mobile phones (2011)

Considering that the uncertainty noise produced the decline in the quality of ECGs, this paper proposed a real-time signal quality assessment method for ECGs collected using mobile phones. The method defines four “flags” to denote different type problems duo to the poor quality of ECGs: using flag1 to detect if there is a misplaced electrode; using flag2 to detect if there is a huge impulse; using flag3 to denote if there is a strong Gauss noise; and using flag4 to denote if there is a detector error of R-wave peaks by the template matching method. Then based on the values of four ”flags”, we calculate the single signal quality index (SSQI) for each ECG and the integrative signal quality index (ISQI) for twelve-lead ECGs. The range of ISQI is between 0 and 12 inclusively. High value of ISQI means good quality of the ECGs. Each ECG record would be assigned to two groups according to ISQI, acceptable and unacceptable group. We define two indices, Sensitivity and Specificity, to evaluate the validity of this paper's method and the results are 90.67% and 89.78% respectively.
Asymmetric Influence of Employees and Trading Partners on Company's Sales and its Dynamical Origin (2018)

Growth of business firms or companies has been a subject of intensive research over a century. However, there still remains controversy about the basic mechanisms of their growth. Inspired by previous work on scaling laws in other systems, here we extend the notion of size of firms from a scalar to a vector in order to characterize in more detail the mechanisms of growth and decay of firms. Based on a large scale dataset of Japanese firms covering over two million firms for two decades (1994-2015), we compile the dataset of vectors of three components, namely, annual sales, number of employee and number of trading partners. We find that the number of employees is more influential in determining firm sales compared to the number of trading partners. This asymmetry is validated by regressions of sales against these parameters and the analysis of growth rate correlations. We then explore multi-variate dynamics of firms by elaborating an evolutionary flow diagram of the averaged motion in the three-dimensional vector space. The flow diagram indicates that firms which deviate from the balanced scaling relation tend to return to this relation. We also find that firms with a chance of large sales growth suffer the risk of high disappearance rate. These results could serve for prediction and modeling of firms, and are relevant for theoretical understanding of the general principles governing complex systems.
HIV Infection of Chimpanzees as a Model for Testing Chemotherapeutics (1989)

Following inoculation of chimpanzees, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) establishes a long-term persistent infection characterized by seroconversion and the presence in peripheral blood cells of recoverable virus which can be quantitated. Because most HIV-infected chimpanzees have developed no signs of clinical diseases or hematologic abnormalities, their virologic, serologic and other immune responses can be compared with those of asymptomatic HIV-infected persons. This analysis might lead to the identification of factors important in preventing the development of disease. There are now approximately 100 HIV-infected chimpanzees in the United States, and many of these animals could be made available for testing chemotherapeutic agents for the ability to alter virus load or to enhance immune responses.
ChemInform Abstract: An Improved Preparation of 4‐Hydroxymethyl‐L‐phenylalanine. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Evidence for Negative Interference: Clustering of Crossovers Close to the am Locus in Neurospora crassa Among am Recombinants (1999)

In response to a conflict between two mapping studies in the predicted orientation of the allele map with respect to the centromere, Fincham proposed that recombination events at the Neurospora am locus rarely have an associated crossover. Fincham considered that the elevated levels of crossing over between flanking markers in am recombinants resulted from negative interference, an increased probability of a nearby second event, and on this basis predicted a clustering of crossing over near am in these recombinants. In this article we reevaluate the data from three mapping studies of the am locus and report molecular evidence that shows crossovers to be clustered immediately proximal to am in am recombinants.
320 × 256 solar-blind focal plane arrays based on AlxGa1−xN (2004)

We report AlGaN-based backilluminated solar-blind ultraviolet focal plane arrays operating at a wavelength of 280 nm. The electrical characteristics of the individual pixels are discussed, and the uniformity of the array is presented. The p–i–n photodiode array was hybridized to a 320×256 read-out integrated circuit entirely within our university research lab, and a working 320×256 camera was demonstrated. Several example solar-blind images from the camera are also provided.
The Early Protective Effect of Hydroxychloroquine on the Risk of Cumulative Damage in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (2013)

We demonstrated that HCQ use was associated with less damage at 3 years after diagnosis of SLE when attention was given and adjustment done for disease activity and steroid dose, duration of disease, and calendar year of diagnosis.
Global minimum-jerk trajectory planning of robot manipulators (2000)

A new approach based on interval analysis is developed to find the global minimum-jerk (MJ) trajectory of a robot manipulator within a joint space scheme using cubic splines. MJ trajectories are desirable for their similarity to human joint movements and for their amenability to path tracking and to limit robot vibrations. This makes them attractive choices for robotic applications, in spite of the fact that the manipulator dynamics are not taken into account. Cubic splines are used in a framework that assures overall continuity of velocities and accelerations in the robot movement. The resulting MJ trajectory planning is shown to be a global constrained minimax optimization problem. This is solved by a newly devised algorithm based on interval analysis and proof of convergence with certainty to an arbitrarily good global solution is provided. The proposed planning method is applied to an example regarding a six-joint manipulator and comparisons with an alternative MJ planner are exposed.
Impacts of climate change on water resources in the Mediterranean Basin: a case study in Catalonia, Spain (2014)

Most climate change projections show important decreases in water availability in the Mediterranean region by the end of this century. We assess those main climate change impacts on water resources in three medium-sized catchments with varying climatic conditions in north-eastern Spain. A combination of hydrological modelling and climate projections with B1 and A2 IPCC emission scenarios is performed to infer future stream flows. The largest reduction (22-48% for 2076-2100) of stream flows is expected in the headwaters of the two wettest catchments, while lower decreases (22-32% for 2076-2100) are expected in the drier one. In all three catchments, autumn and summer are the seasons with the most notable projected decreases in stream flow, 50% and 34%, respectively (2076-2100). Thus, ecological flows might be noticeably impacted by climate change in the catchments, especially in the headwaters of those wet catchments.
How Can Genomic Innovations in Pediatric Brain Tumors Transform Outcomes in Low- and Middle-Income Countries? (2022)

International audience
Lipid Oxidation in Low-moisture Food: A Review (2013)

Overly high intake of saturated fat is an international problem contributing to global health issues. Low-moisture snacks account for a nutritionally significant proportion of the saturated fat in the diet, making these foods a key target for improving consumers' health. However, it is not currently feasible to maintain the same oxidative shelf life when replacing saturated fats with unsaturated fats, which are generally perceived to be more heart-healthy. This article summarizes current theories and available research on lipid oxidation in low-moisture foods in order to lay the groundwork for new lipid oxidation rate-reduction strategies. Research deficits needing attention and new methods for assessing lipid oxidation in low-moisture foods are also discussed.
Molecular Responses to Water Deficit (1993)

Water deficit elicits a complex of responses beginning with stress perception, which initiates a signal transduction pathway(s) and is manifested in changes at the cellular, physiological, and developmental levels. The set of responses observed depends upon severity and duration of the stress, plant genotype, developmental stage, and environmental factors providing the stress. Cellular water deficit may result from stresses such as drought, salt, and low temperature. This complexity makes it difficult to uncover the responses to water deficit that enhance stress tolerance. In recent years efforts have tumed toward isolation of genes that are induced during water deficit in order to study the function of droughtinduced gene products and the pathways that lead to gene induction. Changes in gene expression are fundamental to the responses that occur during water deficit, and they control many of the short-and long-tem responses.
Structure of ethyl (2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)carbamate (1990)

C 9 H 8 N 4 O 8 cristallise dans P2 1 avec a=4,978, b=6,974, c=17,991 A, β=94,69 o , Z=2; affinement jusqu'a R=0,058. Les molecules liees par des liaisons hydrogene suivant l'axe a, forment une chaine
Urine biomarkers of schistosomiais and its associated bladder cancer (2015)

Schistosomiasis (SCH) is the second only to malaria among the parasitic diseases affecting humans regarding the prevalence of infection worldwide. In this nonsystematic review, we summarize the existing data on commercially available and promising investigational urine markers for the detection of SCH and its associated bladder cancer (BC). We searched PubMed, Scopus and Cochran without time limits. We reviewed the recent literatures on urine-based markers for SCH and its associated BC. Many studies identified several urine biomarkers of Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma mansoni worms and their associated BC using automated, inexpensive, quantitative assays in urine. These markers may aid in early detection of bladder carcinoma and have the potential to reduce the number of follow-up cystoscopy, thus reducing healthcare costs and patient discomfort, at the same time. Nevertheless, clinical evidence is insufficient to warrant the substitution of the cystoscopic follow-up scheme by any of the currently available urine marker tests.
Cellular Distribution of Napsin (Kidney-Derived Aspartic Protease-like Protein, KAP) mRNA in the Kidney, Lung and Lymphatic Organs of Adult and Developing Mice. (2001)

Kidney-derived aspartic protease-like protein (KAP), initially identified in the mouse kidney, is a novel aspartic protease exclusively expressed in the lung and spleen as well as the kidney. Its orthologues have been identified in the human and rat, and termed napsin. We performed in situ hybridization analysis to determine the cellular expression of napsin mRNA in the kidney, lung, and lymphatic organs of adult mice and to demonstrate, for the first time, its expression patterns in ontogeny. In the adult mouse kidney, extremely intense signals for napsin mRNA were observed in the proximal straight and convoluted tubules, in agreement with a previous study. The first signals for napsin mRNA during nephrogenesis occurred selectively in mesonephric tubules at embryonic day 13, and in metanephric tubules from embryonic day 14. In the lung, a distribution restricted to type II alveolar cells or their precursors was found from embryonic day 15, at the onset of type II cell differentiation, to the adult stage. In the spleen, the mRNA was expressed in lymph nodules of the white pulp and the marginal zone-namely, B-lymphocyte-rich regions from postnatal day 0 to adult. The lymph node and Peyer's patch displayed similar expression patterns, but T cell-dependent areas in these organs and the thymus lacked such signals. These findings suggest that mouse napsin possesses crucial functional roles not only in the kidney but also in the lung and lymphatic tissues, even during fetal stages.
The Effect of Subgingival Controlled‐Release Delivery of Chlorhexidine Chip onClinical Parameters and Matrix Metalloproteinase‐8 Levels in Gingival Crevicular Fluid (2002)

These data suggest that CHX chip application following SRP is beneficial in improving periodontal parameters and reducing GCF MMP-8 levels for 6 months' duration. The use of a chairside MMP-8 dipstick periodontitis test might be a useful adjunctive diagnostic tool when monitoring the course of CHX chip treatment.
Nonintrusive Finger-Vein Recognition System Using NIR Image Sensor and Accuracy Analyses According to Various Factors (2015)

Biometrics is a technology that enables an individual person to be identified based on human physiological and behavioral characteristics. Among biometrics technologies, face recognition has been widely used because of its advantages in terms of convenience and non-contact operation. However, its performance is affected by factors such as variation in the illumination, facial expression, and head pose. Therefore, fingerprint and iris recognitions are preferred alternatives. However, the performance of the former can be adversely affected by the skin condition, including scarring and dryness. In addition, the latter has the disadvantages of high cost, large system size, and inconvenience to the user, who has to align their eyes with the iris camera. In an attempt to overcome these problems, finger-vein recognition has been vigorously researched, but an analysis of its accuracies according to various factors has not received much attention. Therefore, we propose a nonintrusive finger-vein recognition system using a near infrared (NIR) image sensor and analyze its accuracies considering various factors. The experimental results obtained with three databases showed that our system can be operated in real applications with high accuracy; and the dissimilarity of the finger-veins of different people is larger than that of the finger types and hands.