gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microphysics-Based Bulk Parameterizations of Enthalpy and Momentum Fluxes for Tropical Cyclones (2020)

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Despite the powerful influence that sea spray has on air-sea enthalpy and momentum fluxes, most state-of-the-art tropical cyclone forecast models do not incorporate the microphysics of sea spray evaporation into their boundary layer flux schemes. Since the air-sea enthalpy and momentum fluxes control a tropical cyclone&amp;amp;#8217;s intensification rate, increasing the accuracy of the associated bulk parameterizations is crucially important for improving forecast skill. New microphysics-based bulk parameterizations for enthalpy and momentum flux through the tropical cyclone boundary layer are developed from a set of prognostic evaporation equations and numerical simulations of evaporating, multiphase flow subject to extreme wind speeds. The microphysics-based parameterizations are computationally inexpensive and are functions of the local environmental conditions; these features allow forecast models to efficiently vary the air-sea enthalpy and momentum fluxes in space and time. By developing microphysics-based bulk parameterizations, the influence that sea spray exerts on tropical cyclone intensification can be more accurately simulated and intensity forecasts could be improved.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
Photochemical Generation of Nitric Oxide from 6-Nitrobenzo[a]pyrene (2001)

Photolabile 6-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene (6-nitroBaP) released nitric oxide (NO) under visible-light irradiation. The generation of NO and the concomitant formation of the 6-oxyBaP radical were confirmed by ESR. BaP quinones were also detected as further oxidized products of the 6-oxyBaP radical. No such photodegradation was observed with other nitrated BaPs, such as 1-nitroBaP and 3-nitroBaP. DNA-strand breakage, caused by photoexcited 6-nitroBaP, was closely related to its NO-releasing activity. MO calculations of nitrated BaP suggest that the perpendicular conformation of the nitro substituent to the aromatic ring is important for the release of NO with light. These findings may be useful for the development of a new type of NO donor.
Peripheral Vision : Adaptive Optics and Psychophysics (2013)

This thesis is about our peripheral vision. Peripheral vision is poor compared to central vision, due to both neural and optical factors. The optical factors include astigmatism, defocus and higher order aberrations consisting mainly of coma. Neurally, the density of ganglion cells decreases towards the periphery, which limits the sampling density. The questions that this thesis attempts to answer are how much and under which circumstances correction of optical errors can improve peripheral vision. For this, an adaptive optics system has been constructed with a wavefront sensor and a deformable mirror working in closed loop to perform real-time correction of optical errors. To investigate vision, psychophysical routines utilizing Bayesian methods have been evaluated and modified for peripheral vision to handle the presence of aliasing, fixation instability and rapid fatigue. We found that correcting both refractive errors and higher order aberrations improved peripheral low-contrast resolution acuity. \\\\ We looked at two specific topics in peripheral vision research in particular: Central visual field loss and myopia development. Persons with central visual field loss have to rely on their remaining peripheral vision, and it is of great interest to understand whether optical correction can offer them any benefits. In a case study on a single subject, we found meaningful improvements in vision with both optimized refractive correction as well as additional benefits with aberration correction. These improvements were larger than for comparable healthy subjects with a similar magnitude of aberrations. When it comes to myopia development, an interesting hypothesis is that peripheral optics affect and guide the emmetropization process. We have found an asymmetric depth of field in the periphery for myopic subjects, caused by their higher order aberrations, and presented a model on how this asymmetry may influence the emmetropization process.
Negative Modulation of RXRα Transcriptional Activity by Small Ubiquitin-related Modifier (SUMO) Modification and Its Reversal by SUMO-specific Protease SUSP1 (2006)

Retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRalpha) belongs to a family of ligand-activated transcription factors that regulate many aspects of metazoan life. Here we demonstrate that RXRalpha is a target substrate of a small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO)-specific protease, SUSP1, which is capable of controlling the transcriptional activity of RXRalpha. RXRalpha was modified by SUMO-1 in vivo as well as in vitro, and the Lys-108 residue within the IKPP sequence of RXRalpha AF-1 domain was identified as the major SUMO-1 acceptor site. Prevention of SUMO modification by Lys-to-Arg mutation led to an increase not only in the transcriptional activity of RXRalpha but also in the activity of its heterodimeric complex with retinoic acid receptor-alpha or peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma). SUSP1 co-localized with RXRalpha in the nucleus and removed SUMO-1 from RXRalpha but not from androgen receptor or PPARgamma. Moreover, overexpression of SUSP1 caused an increase in the transcriptional activity of RXRalpha, whereas small hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown of endogenous SUSP1 led to a decrease in RXRalpha activity. These results suggest that SUSP1 plays an important role in the control of the transcriptional activity of RXRalpha and thus in the RXRalpha-mediated cellular processes.
Molecular orientation of a collagen hydrogel with high mechanical strength (2008)

Among various methods for structural studies of biological macromolecules, neutron scattering and diffraction have a unique feature that the contrast between the scattering length density of the molecules and that of the solvent can be varied easily by changing D2O content in the solvent. This "contrast variation" technique enables it to obtain information on internal fluctuations or a variation of scattering length density of the molecules of interest. Here, in order to explore the possibilities of neutron fiber diffraction, the contrast variation technique was applied to measurements of neutron fiber diffraction of muscles. The neutron fiber diffraction patterns of frog sartorius muscles were measured under the relaxed state where no tension of the muscle is produced, and under the rigor state where the myosin heads of the thick filaments bind tightly to actin in the thin filaments, in various D2O concentrations. It was shown that under both states, there were reflections having distinct contrast matching points, indicating a variation in the scattering length density distribution in the unit cell of the muscle structure. Analysis of the equatorial reflections showed that the phase information of these reflections is obtained, that the density projected to a plane perpendicular to the axis of the muscle is different between the thick filament region and the thin filament region, and that the projected density of the thick filament changes as the state of the muscle changes from the relaxed state to the rigor state. Analysis of the meridional reflections of the thick filament suggested that in addition to contributions from the myosin head regions, the backbone region of the thick filaments contributes to the intensity of the meridional reflections as well.
Lidar–radar velocimetry using a pulse-to-pulse coherent rf-modulated Q-switched laser (2013)

An rf-modulated pulse train from a passively Q-switched Nd:YAG laser has been generated using an extra-cavity acousto-optic modulator. The rf modulation reproduces the spectral quality of the local oscillator. It leads to a high pulse-to-pulse phase coherence, i.e., phase memory, over thousands of pulses. The potentialities of this transmitter for lidar&#x2013;radar are demonstrated by performing Doppler velocimetry on indoor moving targets. The experimental results are in good agreement with a model based on elementary signal processing theory. In particular, we show experimentally and theoretically that lidar&#x2013;radar is a promising technique that allows discrimination between translation and rotation movements. Being independent of the laser internal dynamics, this scheme can be applied to any Q-switched laser.
Development of a highly effective African swine fever virus vaccine by deletion of the I177L gene results in sterile immunity against the current epidemic Eurasia strain (2019)

Abstract African swine fever virus (ASFV) is the etiological agent of a contagious and often lethal disease of domestic pigs that has significant economic consequences for the swine industry. The disease is devastating the swine industry in Central Europe and East Asia, with current outbreaks caused by circulating strains of ASFV derived from the 2007 Georgia isolate (ASFV-G), a genotype II ASFV. In the absence of any available vaccines, African Swine Fever (ASF) outbreak containment relies on control and culling of infected animals. Limited cross protection studies suggest that in order to ensure a vaccine is effective it must be derived from the current outbreak strain or at the very least from an isolate with the same genotype. Here we report the discovery that deletion of a previously uncharacterized gene, I177L, from the highly virulent ASFV-G produces complete virus attenuation in swine. Animals inoculated intramuscularly with the virus lacking the I177L gene, ASFV-G-ΔI177L, in a dose range of 10 2 to 10 6 HAD 50 remained clinically normal during the 28 day observational period. All ASFV-G-ΔI177L-infected animals had low viremia titers, showed no virus shedding, developed a strong virus-specific antibody response and, importantly, they were protected when challenged with the virulent parental strain ASFV-G. ASFV-G-ΔI177L is one of the few experimental vaccine candidate virus strains reported to be able to induce protection against the ASFV Georgia isolate, and the first vaccine capable of inducing sterile immunity against the current ASFV strain responsible for recent outbreaks. Importance Currently there is no commercially available vaccine against African swine fever. Outbreaks of this disease are devastating the swine industry from Central Europe to East Asia, and they are being caused by circulating strains of African swine fever virus derived from the Georgia2007 isolate. Here we report the discovery of a previously uncharacterized virus gene, which when deleted completely attenuates the Georgia isolate. Importantly, animals infected with this genetically modified virus were protected from developing ASF after challenge with the virulent parental virus. Interestingly, ASFV-G-ΔI177L confers protection even at low doses (10 2 HAD 50 ) and remains completely attenuated when inoculated at high doses (10 6 HAD 50 ), demonstrating its potential as a safe vaccine candidate. At medium doses (10 4 HAD 50 ) sterile immunity is achieved. Therefore, ASFV-G-ΔI177L is a novel efficacious experimental ASF vaccine protecting pigs from the epidemiologically relevant ASFV Georgia isolate.
Familial abnormality of erythrocyte cation transport in essential hypertension. (1981)

We would certainly support your view, and so would our patients, that adrenaline is the most effective drug to use and ought to be given first. It is surprising, therefore, to see no mention of adrenaline in the sections of the new British National Formulary on the treatment of severe allergic reactions to insect venom and of anaphylaxis from other causes. While the alternative advice to give intravenous hydrocortisone may be life saving in status asthmaticus-and we are in no way arguing against its use we believe that the failure to administer adrenaline in anaphylactic shock is dangerous.
Direct evidence from multiple carbon-13-labeling and homonuclear decoupling for the labeling pattern by glucose of the m-aminobenzoyl (C7N) unit of pactamycin (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDirect evidence from multiple carbon-13-labeling and homonuclear decoupling for the labeling pattern by glucose of the m-aminobenzoyl (C7N) unit of pactamycinKenneth L. Rinehart Jr., Maria Potgieter, Dana L. Delaware, and Haruo SetoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 8, 2099–2101Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1981https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00398a042RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views103Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (375 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Speckle Tracking for Assessment of Cardiac Motion and Dyssynchrony (2008)

Dyssynchrony estimation using echocardiography is increasingly used as a quantitative tool to qualify candidates for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) and evaluate its effect post procedure. Conventionally, tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) has been used for this application, but its utility and accuracy are limited by the angle of incidence-dependent nature of Doppler velocity measurement. Recently, speckle tracking technology applied to B-mode images has been developed for wall motion analysis including dyssynchrony estimation. Regional motion is tracked by observing the movement of two-dimensional (2D) speckle patterns in ultrasound images. Three-dimensional (3D) speckle tracking is also possible and can be used to evaluate 3D cardiac motion of the entire left ventricle. Speckle tracking can provide assessment of regional strain and dyssynchrony in cardiac motion for more objective diagnosis.
Adenosine regulates the production of interleukin‐6 by human gingival fibroblasts via cyclic AMP/protein kinase A pathway (2000)

Adenosine has been reported to alter a variety functions of the cells that participate in inflammatory responses. However, the effect(s) of adenosine on human gingival fibroblasts (HGF), one of the immunomodulator cells in inflamed periodontal lesions, remains to be established. In this study, we examined the influence of adenosine on the production of interleukin (IL)-6 by HGF. Ligation of adenosine receptors with adenosine or its related analogue, 2-chloroadenosine (2-CADO), increased IL-6 production by HGF without any other stimuli. In addition, adenosine and 2-CADO enhanced the cyclic AMP (cAMP) level in HGF as did prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) and forskolin. Interestingly, these cAMP-arising reagents and the permeable cAMP analogue, dibutyryl cAMP (dbtcAMP), also increased IL-6 production by HGF. These results suggest that cAMP is involved in adenosine-induced IL-6 production by HGF. Adenosine-induced IL-6 production was suppressed by protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor, H89, indicating that cAMP/PKA pathway is involved in the induction. Moreover, the experiments using antagonists specific for adenosine receptor subtypes revealed that the adenosine-induced IL-6 production by HGF was, at least in part, mediated by the adenosine A2b receptor. These results provide new evidence for the possible effects of adenosine or its related analogue as an immunomodulator in inflammatory periodontal lesions.
Epidemiological profiles of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus infections in Malian women: Risk factors and relevance of disparities (2013)

Risk factors and epidemiologic data of HIV and HCV as well as the absence of co-infection strongly suggest epidemiological disparities between these diseases.
A case of nasal T cell lymphoma with lethal midline granuloma which is clinically indistinguishable from Wegener’s granulomatosis (1997)

We describe a patient who developed fever, bilateral otitis media, destructive necrosis of the nasal cavity and multiple lung nodules. The patient fulfilled the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) classification criteria for Wegener’s granulomatosis (WG) and was also diagnosed as having WG by using the ACR classification tree. However, the diagnosis of T cell lymphoma was finally made by cervical lymph node biopsy, 2 years after disease onset. Rheumatologists should therefore aware of the pitfall of using diagnostic criteria and repetitive biopsy is strongly recommended for accurate diagnosis of WG.
Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Delivery of Peptides to the Brain: Reversal of Anxiety during Drug Withdrawal (2017)

Targeting neuropeptide systems is important for future advancements in treatment of neurological and psychiatric illnesses. However, many of the peptides and their analogs do not cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) efficiently. Nanoparticles such as iron oxide can cross the BBB, and here we describe a novel method for the conjugation of a peptide antisauvagine-30 (ASV-30) to iron oxide nanoparticles. Previous research has shown that direct infusion of ASV-30 into the brain reduces anxiety-like behavior in animal models via actions on corticotropin releasing factor type 2 (CRF<sub>2</sub>) receptors. Therefore, we tested whether iron oxide+ASV-30 complexes cross the BBB of rats and then determined whether iron oxide+ASV-30 nanoparticles are localized with CRF<sub>2</sub>-expressing neurons. Finally we tested the hypothesis that systemic infusion of iron oxide+ASV-30 can reduce anxiety-like behavior. First we describe the synthesis and demonstrate the stability of iron oxide-peptide nanoparticle complexes. Next, nanoparticles (87.7 μg/kg Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) with or without ASV-30 (200 μg/kg, ip) were injected into male rats 30 min prior to transcardial perfusion and brain fixation for immunohistochemical analysis, or before testing on the elevated plus maze (EPM) in an amphetamine withdrawal model of anxiety. Systemically administered iron oxide+ASV-30 particles were present in the brain and associated with neurons, including those that express CRF<sub>2</sub> receptors, but did not localize with the iron storage protein ferritin. Furthermore, systemic administration of ironoxide+ASV-30 reduced amphetamine withdrawal-induced anxiety without affecting locomotion, suggesting that the anxiolytic effects of ASV-30 were preserved and the bioavailability of ASV-30 was sufficient. The findings demonstrate a novel approach to peptide delivery across the BBB and provide insight as to the neural distribution and efficacy of this nanotechnology.
Laboratory-Scale Demonstration Using Dilute Ammonia Gas-Induced Alkaline Hydrolysis of Soil Contaminants (Chlorinated Propanes and Explosives) (2016)

Many environmental contaminants are amenable to degradation by alkaline hydrolysis.This project explored the use of ammonia gas to raise soil pH in order to stimulate alkaline hydrolysis.When ammonia gas dissolves in water, it forms ammonium ion, which consumes hydrogen ions (H + ), thereby increasing pH.This study established that 5% ammonia in air can increase soil pH from 7.5 to 10.3.Batch studies indicate that this pH increase can stimulate alkaline hydrolysis reactions, resulting in the degradation of chlorinated propanes (trichloropropane, dichloropropane) and explosives (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, nitrobenzene, and RDX).A column study was conducted focusing on evaluating the penetration of ammonia and subsequent pH change.The study showed pH penetration of 20 cm in a 2.5 cm diameter column over 7 days, with a flow of 5% ammonia gas at 1 sccm.Chlorinated propane concentrations were reduced from levels of as high as 2400 ug/kg to as low as non-detect.A small amount of these were captured in the column off gas.The team also explored whether ammonia gas exposure could stimulate metabolic activity of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms.A 283-day experiment did not result in any measureable increase in ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms, but the team found significant increases in soil nitrogen concentrations.
Laboratory Evaluation of Pupal Parasitoids for Control of the Cornsilk Fly Species, Chaetopsis massyla and Euxesta eluta (2022)

Cornsilk flies are serious pests of sweet corn through damage to cobs and secondary fungal establishment. As pupae are generally outside the infested cob on the ground, there can be potential for use of pupal parasitoids for control. Two species of gregarious parasitoids, <i>Muscidifurax raptorellus</i> and <i>Nasonia vitripennis</i>, and three species of solitary parasitoids, <i>Spalangia endius</i>, <i>Spalangia cameroni</i> and <i>Muscidifurax raptor</i>, were evaluated against pupae of the two cornsilk fly species, <i>Euxesta eluta</i> and <i>Chaetopsis massyla.</i> House fly pupae, the most common host for most of the parasitoids, were included for comparison. All of the parasitoids killed and successfully parasitized pupae of the two cornsilk fly species at rates that were similar to house fly pupae. Adult parasitoids that emerged from cornsilk fly hosts were somewhat smaller than parasitoids reared from house flies and had proportionally fewer females. These parasitoids, which are widely and commercially available for filth fly control, warrant further consideration for their potential against cornsilk flies in the field.
Long‐Distance Triplet Diffusion and Well‐Packing Hosts with Ultralow Dopant Concentration for Achieving High‐Efficiency TADF OLED (2021)

Abstract High‐efficiency organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) are fabricated using a group of benzimidazole‐carbazole derivatives with good molecular packing as hosts. The hosts are separately doped with a green thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitter, 1,2,3,5‐tetrakis(carbazol‐9‐yl)‐4,6‐dicyanobenzene (4CzIPN). An ultralow concentration (0.5% volume ratio) of 4CzIPN is required in the emitting layer (EML) to achieve a record‐high external quantum efficiency of 31.8% by comparison with reported 4CzIPN‐relative devices. This result is attributed to efficient energy transfer, alleviation of concentration quench of 4CzIPN, long‐distance triplet exciton diffusion ability of host materials, and excellent horizontal molecular packing. With an increase in dopant concentration from 0.5% to 15%, the diodes exhibit a tiny variation in power efficiencies (82.9−78.7 lm W −1 ) and current efficiencies (92.2−87.5 cd A −1 ). In particular, the long‐distance triplet exciton diffusion ability of hosts exceeds the typical distance limitation (less than 10 Å) of Dexter energy transfer. Thus, high‐efficiency OLEDs are obtained with the scarce dopants . The aforementioned long‐distance triplet diffusion results are verified by the almost‐identical high‐efficiency device performances and the longer delayed emission lifetime in transient electroluminescence signals of a series of partially doped devices, conducting by separately doping low‐concentration TADF emitters in different EML regions.