gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of a radiometric sensor for the hazard assessment of scattered high-power laser radiation (2021)

The operation of lasers in free space involves the potential risk of unintentionally exposing the human eye and skin to radiation. In addition to direct exposure, indirect scattered radiation of high-power lasers may pose a threat to operators, working personnel, and third parties. Hazard assessments are usually performed based on laser safety standards. However, these standards would have to be extended for outdoor environments and therefore it is advisable to substantiate models and safety calculations with measurements of the absolute scattered radiant flux under realistic conditions. For the quantification of scattered radiation, a radiometric sensor has been developed. The sensor consists of an optical, electronic, and mechanical unit. Two realizations of the optical detection unit with a side-on photomultiplier (PMT) and a photodiode amplifier (PDA) have been built according to German safety policies. The different detector types facilitate the detection of scattered radiation over a wide power range. The electronic unit includes the data acquisition and processing of the optical detection unit and peripheral devices (i.e. environmental sensors and GPS module). A lock-in amplifier is used to reduce the contribution of background radiation. The optical and electronic units are housed separately in a weather-resistant case on a tripod and a mobile container, respectively. Radiometric calibration is performed for each optical detection unit. The calibration involves a two-step procedure allowing for a direct conversion of the output voltage of the lock-in amplifier into an absolute scattered power considering the detector area and collection solid angle of the optical detection unit. Goniometer-based reflection measurements of solid surface samples are used for the characterization of the performance of the optical detection unit in terms of dynamic range, the influence of background noise, accuracy, and repeatability and contribute to a better understanding of the sensor in future field deployment.
De Familie Swelinck. a. De voorouders van Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck (1935)

B. v. d. Sigtenhorst Meyer, De Familie Swelinck. a. De voorouders van Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck, Tijdschrift der Vereeniging voor Noord-Nederlands Muziekgeschiedenis, Deel 14, 2de Stuk (1935), pp. 111-125
Developing a theory of value-based software engineering (2005)

This paper presents an initial "4+1" theory of value-based software engineering (VBSE) that builds around the stakeholder win-win Theory W, and addresses the questions of "which values are important?" and "how is success assured?" for a given software engineering enterprise. The central Theory W then draws upon four additional theories - utility theory (how important are the values?), decision theory (how do stakeholders' values determine decisions?), dependency theory (how do dependencies affect value realization?), and control theory (how to adapt to change and control value realization?).
Diffusion anisotropy and diffusivity of white matter tracts within the temporal stem in Alzheimer disease: evaluation of the "tract of interest" by diffusion tensor tractography. (2006)

White matter tracts of the temporal stem can be evaluated independently by using diffusion tensor tractography, which appears to be a promising technique for determining changes in white matter in degenerative diseases.
Fast and robust mapping with low-cost Kinect V2 for photovoltaic panel cleaning robot (2016)

Solar photovoltaic system maybe underperformanned because of too much dust, dirt and bird droppings, etc. 3D mapping for the cleaning robot still remains challenging in this large scale scenario. This paper presents a robust mapping system with Kinect V2 for automated photovoltaic cleaning system. Firstly, Kinect V2 is well-calibrated for a remedy to the production variety and the approach is fast and accurate. Secondly, robust mapping algorithm is proposed with the consideration of vibration, occlusion and loop closure. Globally consistent 3D map will be built after online loop detection. And lastly, 3D pointcloud will be transformed into octree-based data structure. The data is easy to save, reload and more suitable for motion planning problem. Extensive experimental results show that the system is robust with enough accuracy for automated motion planning and navigation.
Enhanced Luminescent Quantitation of Horseradish Peroxidase Conjugates: Application in an Enzyme Immunoassay for Digoxin (1986)

A p-iodophenol-enhanced luminescent end-point has been incorporated into a commercially available heterogeneous competitive enzyme immunoassay for digoxin based on a horseradish peroxidase-digoxin conjugate. The luminescent end-point could be completed in less than 1 min and significantly reduced overall assay time. Results for the assay obtained using enhanced luminescence showed good agreement with those obtained using a colorimetric end-point (correlation coefficient 0.98). Both assays gave acceptable precision within the therapeutic range. The incubation time for the luminescent immunoassay was reduced to 15 min and still gave differentiation between sub-therapeutic, therapeutic and toxic levels of digoxin.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Alzheimer disease. Lessons from model systems. (1997)

The human neurodegenerative diseases, including motor neuron disease and Alzheimer's disease (AD), are characterized by a selective involvement of certain regions of the brain/spinal cord and selected populations of neurons. Sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an age-associated disease with cytoskeletal abnormalities and death of motor neurons; familial ALS (FALS), an autosomal dominant disease linked to mutations in superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), is manifested by inclusions and degeneration of motor neurons. Autosomal dominant familial AD (FAD), linked to mutations in presenilin (PS1 and PS2) genes or the amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene, shows brain abnormalities (e.g., neurofibrillary tangles, deposits of .-amyloid A., and death of subsets of neurons) similar to those that occur in sporadic AD, the risk of which is enhanced by the presence of one or two copies of apolipoprotein E4 (apoE4) alleles. To examine the mechanisms of these diseases, investigators have used a variety of animal models, including experimentally produced, spontaneously occurring, or genetically engineered models of disease. Studies of models of degeneration of motor neurons (axotomy) and cytoskeletal abnormalities seen in motor neuron disease (i.e., axonopathy induced by .,.'-iminodipropionitrile (IDPN), hereditary canine spinal muscular atrophy (HCSMA), and neurofilament NF transgenic Tg mice) have demonstrated that NF-filled swellings of axons are related to alterations in the biology of NF transport. Tg mice with SOD1 mutations, which develop the clinical features of FALS, show selective degeneration of motor neurons, which is attributed to the acquisition of toxic properties by mutant SOD1. Models of AD include: aged monkeys that show both cognitive/memory deficits and cellular abnormalities (amyloid deposition/cytoskeletal abnormalities of neurons) in cortex and hippocampus; and Tg mice that express mutant human FAD-linked genes (i.e., APP and PS1) and show increased levels of A.42, amyloid deposits, dystrophic neurites, and local responses of astrocytes and microglia. This review discusses the behavioral/neuropathological features of AD, the results of investigations of mechanisms of disease in model systems, and potential utility of some of these models for testing new therapies.
Reflection measurements at the interface between disk laser glass and edge cladding glass (1979)

Glass laser disks are usually coated with solder glass to decrease the reflectivity of spontaneous emission at the edge and to suppress parasitic oscillations. Reflections at the disk edge have been experimentally studied as a function of refractive index matching between disk laser glass and edge cladding glass, absorption by edge cladding glass, and scattering by bubbles in edge cladding glass. To reduce reflection, the number of bubbles must be decreased at the interface between disk and cladding and the absorption coefficient of cladding glass must be as high as possible.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells from the Retropatellar Fat Pad and Peripheral Blood Stimulate ACL Fibroblast Migration, Proliferation, and Collagen Gene Expression (2012)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been of recent interest as adjuncts for ligament repair. However, the effect of these cells on the resident ligament fibroblasts has not yet been defined. In this study, we hypothesized that co-culture of MSCs and ligament fibroblasts would result in increases in the proliferative rate of the ligament fibroblasts and their expression of collagen-related genes, as well as differentiation of the MSCs down a fibroblastic pathway. In addition, we hypothesized that these effects would be dependent on the source of the MSCs. Porcine MSCs were isolated from both the retro-patellar fat pad (ADSCs) and the peripheral blood (PBMCs) and co-cultured with porcine anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) fibroblasts. Fibroblast migration, proliferation, and collagen gene expression were evaluated at time points up to 14 days. ADSCs had a greater effect on stimulating ACL-fibroblast proliferation and procollagen production, while PBMCs were more effective in stimulating ligament fibroblast migration. In addition, co-culture with the ACL fibroblasts led to significant increases in collagen gene expression for ADSCs, suggesting a differentiation of these cells down a fibroblastic pathway during the co-culture period. This was not seen for the PBMCs. Thus, the effects of MSCs on in situ ACL fibroblasts were found to be source dependent, and the choice of MSC source should take into account the different performance characteristic of each type of MSC.
Effects of low-temperature water vapor annealing of strained SiGe surface-channel pMOSFETs with high-κ dielectric (2004)

A significant reduction of negative oxide charges is observed in strained SiGe channel pMOSFETs, utilizing ALD high-k-gate dielectrics, after low temperature water vapor annealing. The negative charges may originate from non-bridging oxygen bonds in the dielectrics, which are passivated after the water vapor annealing. However, the subthreshold slope is not changed with the 300/spl deg/C annealing, which indicates that interface states are not affected.
Lifetime of excitons in GaAs quantum wells (1993)

Time resolved luminescence measurements under resonant excitation were performed at 10 K on the free exciton in very high quality GaAs-AlAs quantum wells. At resonance, the luminescence intensity is increased by two orders of magnitude, and the decay is short. The radiative lifetime of the excitons in the radiant states is about 18 ps in agreement with the theory of Hanamura and Andréani.
Abstract 2970: Gr-1 Positive Cells-secreted Growth Hormone is the Major Paracrine Factor for the Improved Cardiac Function of Dilated Cardiomyopathy Models in Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cell Transplantation (2009)

Bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (BMMNC) are thought to be the promising source of paracrine factors, but the precise mechanisms remains unknown. Recently we observed that intravenous transpla...
Microwave Spectrum of Chlorine Dioxide. II. Analysis of Hyperfine Structure and the Spectrum ofCl35O16O18 (1962)

The hyperfine structure of the microwave spectra of ${\mathrm{Cl}}^{35}$${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ and ${\mathrm{Cl}}^{37}$${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ has been analyzed. It was found possible to fit the hyperfine splitting within experimental error with the Hamiltonian: $H=A{{N}_{a}}^{2}+B{{N}_{b}}^{2}+C{{N}_{c}}^{2}+{(0)}_{S}(\mathrm{N}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}\mathrm{S})+\ensuremath{\Sigma}\stackrel{\mathrm{abc}}{i}{(\mathrm{ii})}_{S}{N}_{i}{S}_{i}+{(0)}_{I}(\mathrm{S}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}\mathrm{I})+\ensuremath{\Sigma}\stackrel{\mathrm{abc}}{i}{(\mathrm{ii})}_{I}{S}_{i}{I}_{i}+\ensuremath{\Sigma}\stackrel{\mathrm{abc}}{i}{(\mathrm{ii})}_{Q}{{I}_{i}}^{2}.$ Also, several rotational transitions of ${\mathrm{Cl}}^{35}$${\mathrm{O}}^{16}$${\mathrm{O}}^{18}$ have been observed and assigned.
Metal‐Free Hydrogen Atom Transfer from Water: Expeditious Hydrogenation of N‐Heterocycles Mediated by Diboronic Acid (2016)

A hydrogenation of N-heterocycles mediated by diboronic acid with water as the hydrogen atom source is reported. A variety of N-heterocycles can be hydrogenated with medium to excellent yields within 10 min. Complete deuterium incorporation from stoichiometric D<sub>2</sub> O onto substrates further exemplifies the H/D atom sources. Mechanism studies reveal that the reduction proceeds with initial 1,2-addition, in which diboronic acid synergistically activates substrates and water via a six-membered ring transition state.
Partial evaluation and automatic program generation (1993)

Functions, types and expressions programming languages and their operational semantics compilation partial evaluation of a flow chart languages partial evaluation of a first-order functional languages the view from Olympus partial evaluation of the Lambda calculus partial evaluation of prolog aspects of Similix - a partial evaluator for a subset of scheme partial evaluation of C applications of partial evaluation termination of partial evaluation program analysis more general program transformation guide to the literature the self-applicable scheme specializer.
Proton exchange and internal motions in two chromomycin dimer-DNA oligomer complexes (1991)

Previous structural studies on the complexes of the chromomycin (CHR) dimer with duplexes of d(A1-A2-G3-G4-C5-C6-T7-T8) and of d(A1-G2-G3-A4-T5-C6-C7-T8) in solution [one Mg(II) and two drugs per duplex] are extended to hydrogen exchange measurements. Exchange of the OH8 proton of chromomycin, measured by real time proton-deuterium exchange, is very slow and requires dissociation of the complex, whose lifetime is thus determined. The lifetimes and apparent dissociation constants of base pairs are deduced from the catalysis of imino proton exchange by ammonia. The four central base pairs, which interact with the CHR chromophores in the minor groove (Gao & Patel, 1990), may open within the complex, but the opening rate is less than in the free duplex by one to two orders of magnitude. The activation energy for base-pair opening and the differences between the lifetimes of adjacent pairs suggest that single base-pair opening is the predominant imino proton exchange pathway in all cases. In the symmetrical complex of chromomycin with the first duplex, the lifetimes of the central base pairs (G3.C6 and G4.C5) are in the same range (52 and 29 ms, respectively, at 38 degrees C). In the asymmetrical complex formed with the second duplex, the base-pair lifetimes in the G2-G3-A4-T5 segment that interacts with the chromophore moiety are strongly increased. That of G3.C6 is particularly long. Above 50 degrees C, exchange of the G3 imino proton is opening limited.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Genetic basis of autoimmunity (2015)

Autoimmune diseases affect up to approximately 10% of the population. While rare Mendelian autoimmunity syndromes can result from monogenic mutations disrupting essential mechanisms of central and peripheral tolerance, more common human autoimmune diseases are complex disorders that arise from the interaction between polygenic risk factors and environmental factors. Although the risk attributable to most individual nucleotide variants is modest, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have the potential to provide an unbiased view of biological pathways that drive human autoimmune diseases. Interpretation of GWAS requires integration of multiple genomic datasets including dense genotyping, cis-regulatory maps of primary immune cells, and genotyped studies of gene expression in relevant cell types and cellular conditions. Improved understanding of the genetic basis of autoimmunity may lead to a more sophisticated understanding of underlying cellular phenotypes and, eventually, novel diagnostics and targeted therapies.
<title>Liquid crystal alignment on the polymer substrates irradiated by plasma beam</title> (2001)

The curing of polymer substrates with collimated beam of accelerated plasma is considered as a new method of LC alignment. As an aligning polymer we used polyninylcinnamate (PVCN), well known photoaligning material. Pretilt angle and anchoring energy of LC on PVCN substrates is investigated as a function of the incidence angle, beam energy and current density, and the time of irradiation. The parameters of LC alignment on the substrates treated with plasma beam are compared with the corresponding parameters of the UV cured PVCN substrates. It is shown that azimuth anchoring energy on the plasma treated substrates is close to that one obtained with UV curing. At the same time, generated pretilt angle is higher and much more thermally stable on the plasma treated PVCN layers. It is also considered possibility of the combined curing with plasma dn UV light.
Enhanced indistinguishability of in-plane single photons by resonance fluorescence on an integrated quantum dot (2016)

Integrated quantum light sources in photonic circuits are envisaged as the building blocks of future on-chip architectures for quantum logic operations. While semiconductor quantum dots have been proven to be the highly efficient emitters of quantum light, their interaction with the host material induces spectral decoherence, which decreases the indistinguishability of the emitted photons and limits their functionality. Here, we show that the indistinguishability of in-plane photons can be greatly enhanced by performing resonance fluorescence on a quantum dot coupled to a photonic crystal waveguide. We find that the resonant optical excitation of an exciton state induces an increase in the emitted single-photon coherence by a factor of 15. Two-photon interference experiments reveal a visibility of 0.80 ± 0.03, which is in good agreement with our theoretical model. Combined with the high in-plane light-injection efficiency of photonic crystal waveguides, our results pave the way for the use of this system for the on-chip generation and transmission of highly indistinguishable photons.
Mutual Information Analysis : A Universal Differential Side-Channel Attack (2007)

1 Introduction Currently, embedded devices form the major part of the CPU market [16]. It seems that the vision of Pervasive Computing or Ambient Intelligence is being realised since we are more and more surrounded by devices such as smart cards, mobile phones, PDAs and more recently RFIDs and sensor nodes. These devices typically operate in hostile environments under control of a potential attacker and hence the data contained in them might be relatively easy compromised. Due to the tight constraints on their resources such as memory, number of gates, power etc., it is a very challenging task to protect the information they carry in an adequate way.
Highly Fluorescent Chameleon Nanoparticles and Polymer Films: Multicomponent Organic Systems that Combine FRET and Photochromic Switching (2012)

We describe the preparation of highly efficient stimulus-responsive fluorescence color-tuning in self-assembled supramolecular scaffold systems. The systems consisted of a photochromic compound (BP-BTE) in combination with unique luminescent organic materials (CN-MBE, TPS-CNMBE, TPA-2CNMBE) that exhibited intense fluorescence in the solid state. The emission spectrum was tuned by introducing fluorescence resonance energy transfer and photochromic switching capabilities into the system. The materials were used to successfully demonstrate novel fluorescence patterns that were responsive to multiple stimuli, displayed reversible fluorescence switching, and provided a nondestructive readout of the fluorescence signal.
Focal-plane-invariant algorithm for digital reconstruction of holograms recorded in the near diffraction zone (2003)

For digital reconstruction of holograms recorded in near diffraction zone, Discrete Fresnel is used as a discrete model of wave propagation. In applications where reconstruction of holograms in many observation planes is required, conventional implementation of Discrete Fresnel Transform reconstructs images of the object plane sections that are shifted with respect to each other depending on plane distance from the hologram plane. In the paper, a novel representation of Discrete Fresnel Transform, Focal Plane Invariant Discrete Fresnel Transform is suggested and illustrated which secures reconstruction of images automatically aligned with respect to the same optical axis. The transform invariance allows to substantially reduce computation burden whenever only a relatively small portion of the reconstructed wave front has to be analyzed and to ease analysis of the reconstructed wave front as a function of distance to the object.
Calculation of hyperfine splitting constants with Slater-type cusp basis by the symmetry adapted cluster-configuration interaction theory (1989)

A method of calculating hyperfine splitting constants (hfsc) of open-shell radicals is reported. Since the hfsc reflects a very local property of the wave function at the position of the nuclei, we use Slater-type orbitals (STOs) which have cusps at the centers. Spin correlation (spin polarization) and electron correlation are taken into account with the use of the SAC-CI (symmetry adapted cluster-configuration interaction) theory. Configuration selection is not done since energy and spin density are very different properties. The dimensions of the matrices involved in the SAC-CI method are small enough to permit such a procedure. The integrals necessary for the SCF and SAC-CI methods are calculated by the STO-6G method with the use of the available Gaussian program, and the hfsc’s and the cusp values are calculated from the original STOs. Several STOs are examined for H+2 and H2O+. The resultant standard method is applied to the organic π and σ radicals CH3, CH3CH2, CH3NH, CH3O, CH3OCH+3, H2CO+, CH2CH, and HCO. The present results of hfsc’s show generally better agreement with experiment than the previous calculations based on the Gaussian-type orbitals (GTOs). In particular, the present results are free from the theoretical dilemma seen for the GTO calculations that a variationally better wave function does not necessarily give a better hfsc. This is important in developing a reliable theory for calculating hfsc’s.
Electrochemical storage behavior of NiCo 2 O 4 nanoparticles anode with structural and morphological evolution in lithium‐ion and sodium‐ion batteries (2021)

NiCo2O4 nanoparticles (5-10 nm) were prepared by a simple sol-gel method and evaluated in the Li/Na-cell as an anode. The anode exhibited excellent lithium storage capacity (1050 and 860 mAh g−1 at specific currents of 0.1 and 0.5 A g−1, respectively) and outstanding cycling performance of over 200 cycles. However, it showed a moderate sodium storage capacity with poor cycle retention. A clear comparison of the structural stability of the electrode determined via the cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs indicates swelling and extensive volume expansion in the Na cell. The investigations conducted using in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) and ex situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) reveal the limited reduction of Co and Ni oxidation states and a minimal degree of conversion during Na uptake. This study highlights the ability of NiCo2O4 nanoparticles to withstand high mechanical stress during the conversion reaction with Li, thus providing excellent performance. Conversely, the NiCo2O4 anode with Na could not be overcome massive volume expansion and irreversibility by reducing the size of particles in nano-dimension.