gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Variation in the Use of Open Pyeloplasty, Minimally Invasive Pyeloplasty, and Endopyelotomy for the Treatment of Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction in Adults (2016)

Over this 9-year period, the landscape of ureteropelvic junction obstruction treatment has changed dramatically. Further research is needed to understand why geographic factors were associated with receiving a minimally invasive pyeloplasty or an endopyelotomy.
One hundred years of helicene chemistry. Part 2: stereoselective syntheses and chiral separations of carbohelicenes (2012)

Carbohelicenes generally incorporate a helical, distorted, conjugated, polyaromatic system with ortho-fused benzenoid rings, which is a fundamental molecular characteristic of this class of compounds. They have been described as "molecules in distress" due to their distortion. The generation of a chiral helicity in helicenes was observed because of a severe intramolecular steric strain. Helicity is a molecular necessity in the higher series of carbohelicenes, when at some point, a helical pitch occurs when a second coil is formed. The most interesting properties resulting from such molecular distortion are the very high chiroptical and circular dichroism values. For instance, the resolution of some helicene racemates by "hand picking" of a few homochiral single enantiomeric crystals allowed for a measurement of their optical rotation. Due to that intrinsic chirality spanned over a large polyaromatic template, preliminary results clearly established the efficiency of carbohelicenes to induce asymmetry and chirality in organic synthesis and in supramolecular chemistry. Additionally, they have some potential uses in several fields: materials science, nanoscience, chemical biology and supramolecular chemistry. It has encouraged many attempts to develop new asymmetric syntheses of carbohelicenes, as well as some chiral separations of enantiomers and diastereoisomers. This review is thus dedicated to carbohelicene chirality. It gathered a substantial collection of data, and a comprehensive review on the preparations of enantioenriched helicenes, either from an asymmetric synthesis or from a chiral separation. Utilizations of non-racemic helicenes and their applications will be treated in the following review (Part 3), and will not be the subject of this manuscript.
Promotion of Oxidation and Reduction of Rh Species by Interaction of Rh and CeO2 over Rh/CeO2/SiO2 (2008)

Oxidation and reduction of Rh species on Rh/CeO2/SiO2 catalyst were promoted by the presence of CeO2 as indicated from the comparison of the profiles of the temperature-programmed oxidation (TPO) and reduction (TPR) of Rh/CeO2/SiO2 and Rh/SiO2. In situ quick scanning X-ray absorption fine structure (QXAFS) during the TPO and TPR indicates that the formation of the Rh−O−Ce bond was followed by that of Rh−O−Rh during the TPO, and that the Rh−O−Ce bond dissociated more easily than the Rh−O−Rh bond during the TPR. These behaviors can explain the promoting effect of CeO2 on the oxidation and reduction of Rh species on Rh/CeO2/SiO2. In addition, it is found that the addition of CeO2 to Rh/SiO2 enhanced the catalytic activity in the partial oxidation of tar from cellulose pyrolysis in the fluidized bed reactor and in the combustion of the methane. The promoting effect of CeO2 on the catalytic performance is related to the interaction between Rh species and CeO2.
Adult Thymic Epithelium Contains Nonsenescent Label-Retaining Cells (2014)

Progress in our understanding of thymic epithelial cell (TEC) renewal and homeostasis is hindered by the lack of markers for TEC progenitors. Stem and progenitor cell populations display remarkable diversity in their proliferative behavior. In some but not all tissues, stemness is associated with quiescence. The primary goal of our study was to discover whether quiescent cells were present in neonatal and adult TECs. To this end, we used a transgenic label-retaining cell (LRC) assay in which a histone H2B-GFP fusion protein is expressed under the control of the reverse tetracycline-controlled transactivator and the tetracycline operator minimal promoter. In adult mice, we found that both cortical and medullary TECs (cTECs and mTECs) proliferated more actively in females than males. Moreover, we observed three main differences between neonatal and adult TECs: 1) neonatal TECs proliferated more actively than adult TECs; 2) whereas cTECs and mTECs had similar turnover rates in young mice, the turnover of mTECs was more rapid than that of cTECs in adults; and 3) although no LRCs could be detected in young mice, LRCs were detectable after a 16-wk chase in adults. In female mice, LRCs were found almost exclusively among cTECs and expressed relatively low levels of p16INK4a, p19ARF, and Serpine1, and high levels of Bmi1, Foxn1, Trp63, and Wnt4. We conclude that LRCs in adult TECs are not senescent postmitotic cells and may represent the elusive progenitors responsible for TEC maintenance in the adult thymus.
Effects of Adrenergic Stimulation on Postnatal Development and Calcium Current in Newborn Rat Cardiomyocytes in Primary Culture (1998)

With a primary culture of ventricular cardiomyocytes from newborn rats as an in vitro model, the long-term effects of norepinephrine (NE) on hypertrophic postnatal development and the I/V properties of L-type calcium currents were investigated with the whole-cell configuration of patch-clamp technique. These effects of NE also were tested in the presence of propranolol (P). Compared with mean values obtained in control conditions, the measurement of cell membrane capacitance (Cm) as an index of cell growth demonstrated that Cm was increased by 12, 35, and 42% after 1, 3, and 6 days, respectively, of treatment with 2 microM NE. Similar increases were observed when propranolol (2 microM) was added to the NE treatment, suggesting that growth potentiation could be attributed to the alpha-adrenergic effect of NE. Under control conditions, the L-type calcium current (ICa-L) density did not alter with the age of the culture. However, in the presence of NE, ICa-L density increased significantly compared with control conditions at the same stage of culture and was also significantly increased after 3 and 6 days of NE treatment when compared with ICa-L density after 1 day of NE treatment. Similar results were obtained in the presence of propranolol. These results show that the growth and functional properties of neonatal cardiomyocytes in primary culture can be regulated by catecholamines and demonstrate that these regulatory effects were achieved through activation of alpha-adrenoceptors.
Co-Occurrence of L. monocytogenes with Other Bacterial Genera and Bacterial Diversity on Cleaned Conveyor Surfaces in a Swine Slaughterhouse (2022)

Bacterial pathogens, such as <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i>, can show resistance to disinfection and persistence on working surfaces, permitting them to survive and contaminate food products. Persistence-a complex phenomenon involving interactions between many bacteria within a biofilm-is modulated by in situ characteristics. This study aimed to describe, in silico, the microbiota identified in a swine slaughterhouse after sanitation procedures to better understand the presence of <i>L. monocytogenes</i> on these surfaces. Molecular tools for characterization of microbial communities were used to assess the relative contribution of different bacteria resulting from this phenomenon, and the 16S rRNA sequencing method was used on samples from meat conveyor belt surfaces collected on four sampling visits to study the co-occurrence between <i>L. monocytogenes</i> and other bacteria. From the background microbiota, a total of six genera were found to be negatively correlated with <i>Listeria</i> spp., suggesting <i>Listeria</i> growth inhibition, competition, or at least an absence of shared habitats. Based on these results, a complete scenario of interactions of <i>Listeria</i> with components of background microbiota was established. This work contributes to identifying avenues that could prevent the growth and persistence of <i>L. monocytogenes</i> on food-processing surfaces.
C-band 20 watt internally matched GaAs based pseudomorphic HEMT power amplifiers (2002)

The authors present preliminary results of the effort to develop C-band high power internally-matched GaAs-based pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistors (PHEMTs) power amplifiers. Previously developed 0.25 /spl mu/m/spl times/8 mm PHEMT chips had been selected as the building block of the power amplifiers. The single chip units are comprised of one 8 mm PHEMT chip and its input and output matching circuits. These parts are integrated into a small copper carrier. By combining four 8 mm chips with lumped elements and a distributed Wilkinson power divider/combiner, the units were assembled within the same type of carrier and delivered 20 W output power.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Electromanipulation of mammalian cells: fundamentals and application (2000)

Electroinjection of membrane-impermeable xenomolecules into freely suspended mammalian cells (so-called electroporation) and cell-to-cell electrofusion are powerful tools for manipulation of the genom and the cytosol of cells. Both field pulse techniques are based on the temporary increase of the membrane permeability due to reversible electrical breakdown of the plasma membrane upon application of external high-intensity field pulses of very short duration. Membrane charging and permabilization caused by high-intensity field pulses are preceded and accompanied by transient electrodeformation forces, which lead to an elongation of the cells in low-conductivity media, thus affecting the membrane area of electropermabilization in response to a breakdown pulse. Transient stretching force assumes a maximum value in low-conductivities pulse media. This facilitates incorporation of membrane-impermeable xenomolecules and field-mediated hybridization as well. Therefore, high and reproducible fields of (genetically) manipulated cells can be expected provided that: 1) the duration of the high-intensity field pulses does not exceed shout 100 /spl mu/s and 2) that the (pulse or fusion) media are hypo-osmolar and exhibit a relatively low conductivities. Such media are also beneficial because field-inducted apoptosis does not occur under these conditions (in contrast to highly conductive media). Indeed, electroporation and electrofusion protocols that fulfill these requirements lead: 1) to high incorporation rates of plasmids (DNA) or artificial chromesomes into living cells without deterioration and 2) to the production of hybridoma cells (by fusion of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes with heteromyeloma cells), which secrete functional human monoclonal antibodies. Human monoclonal antibodies that bind to and induce apoptosis in autologous tumor cells are promising gents for cancer treatment, as shown by first clinical trials.
Design of electromagnetic field of permanent magnet generator for VTOL series-hybrid UAV (2015)

Series hybrid Unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) that is proposed in this paper performs Vertical take-off and landing(VTOL) using the battery and generator, and it applies the series hybrid system with combination of the small engine and generator when cruising flight. This system can be described as the next-generation system that can dramatically increase the UAV flight times. Also, UAV systems require a large energy at the time of VTOL to be conducted for a short time. Therefore, this paper designs Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) having a high specific power considering VTOL through the FEA.
Sensitivity of Emissions Estimation to Generation Dispatch Ordering in GridPIQ (2018)

The variable operating cost of electric generators and operational constraints determine the generator dispatch order, i.e. the order in which generator units are operated (or "dispatched") to meet electrical demand. Due to decreases in the cost of natural gas and increases in the penetration of non-dispatchable generation, some of the traditional paradigms regarding dispatch order are changing. Although it is a fair assumption that emissions consequences will be changed by the order in which power plants are dispatched, there has been little research to find out the extent of this change. In this paper, the Grid Project Impact Quantification tool (GridPIQ) has been used to investigate the sensitivity of emissions estimates to the dispatch order of the generating units based on their operational characteristics and fuel types. By making different underlying assumptions about generation dispatch across different regions in the United States and then calculating the impacts of the same grid projects, this analysis provides insight into how dispatch ordering drives regional CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , SO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> and NO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> emissions.
Physicochemical stability of irinotecan injection concentrate and diluted infusion solutions in PVC bags (2000)

Purpose. To determine the physicochemical stability of irinotecan injection concentrate and irinotecan infusion solutions after dilution in two commonly used infusion fluids (0.9% sodium chloride, 5% dextrose) in PVC bags, stored under refrigeration (2-8°C) or at room temperature either light protected or exposed to light. Methods. Stability of irinotecan injection concentrate was determined in the original amber glass vials. Diluted irinotecan infusion solutions were aseptically prepared by further dilution of irinotecan stock solution with either 0.9% sodium chloride or 5% dextrose in PVC bags, in amounts yielding irinotecan concentrations of 0.4, 1.0, or 2.8 mg/ml. Test solutions were stored under refrigeration (2-8°C) or at room temperature either light protected or exposed to light (mixed daylight and normal laboratory fluorescent light) in parallel. Irinotecan concentrations were determined periodically throughout a 4-week storage period via a stability-indicating HPLC assay with ultraviolet detection. In addition, measurements of pH values were performed regularly and test solutions were visually examined for colour change and precipitation. Results. Irinotecan injection concentrate and infusion solutions are shown to be physicochemically stable (at a level of &gt;90% irinotecan) for 4 weeks when stored under refrigeration or light protected at room temperature, independent of the vehicle (0.9% sodium chloride, 5% dextrose) or the concentration (0.4, 1.0, or 2.8 mg/ml). Irinotecan infusion solutions exposed to daylight exhibited concentration-dependent instability, solutions were stable for only 7 to 14 days. Conclusions. Irinotecan injection concentrate and diluted infusion solutions are shown to have adequate physicochemical stability for convenient pharmacy-based centralized preparation.
Tris(dibenzoylmethane)(monophenanthroline)europium(III) based red emitting organic light emitting diodes (2001)

The concept of a blue light emitting diode containing a hole blocking layer (HBL) is generalized to efficiently excite dye molecules introduced in the form of an emission layer on the hole transporting side. The concept allows the excitation of an emitting molecule even if the molecule does not act primarily as a recombination center. On the basis of this concept pure red emitting organic light emitting diodes were produced utilizing tris(dibenzoylmethane)(monophenanthroline)europium(III) [Eu(dbm)3phen] as the emitting layer in an Al/LiF/Aluminum tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) (Alq3)/HBL/Eu(dbm)3phen/N,N′-di(1-naphthyl)-N,N′-diphenylbenzidine (α-NPD)/copper-phthalo- cyanine (CuPc)/indium tin oxide structure. Additionally, the luminance output of such a device was improved by partially adding a hole transport material to the emitting layer in order to increase the penetration of holes into the emission region. A maximum luminance output of 200 cd/m2 at 15 V was achieved without optimizing the layer thickness. Furthermore, the effect of saturation of the Eu3+ emission is studied and discussed. The basic device architecture presented here is expected to work with other transport and emitting materials also.
A Base-Station Cooperation Model for Broadcasting. (2014)

We propose a base-station (BS) cooperation model for broadcasting a message in a cellular or heterogeneous network. The model allows the receivers to use helper BSs to improve network performance, and it permits the receivers to have prior side information about the message. We fully characterise the model's information-theoretic limits and provide architectural insights for optimal codes. The limits are established by way of a list-decoding extension to the joint source-channel coding theorem, Slepian-Wolf Coding over Broadcast Channels. Optimal code architectures employ hash-and-forward coding for the relay channel and source coding for Wyner's side information problem.
Occupational Status Moderates the Association Between Current Perceived Stress and High Blood Pressure (2013)

Although lay beliefs commonly relate high blood pressure (BP) to psychological stress exposure, research findings are conflicting. This study examined the association between current perceived stress and high BP, and explored the potential impact of occupational status on this association. Resting BP was measured in 122 816 adults (84 994 men), aged ≥30 years (mean age±standard deviation: 46.8±9.9 years), without history of cardiovascular and renal disease and not on either psychotropic or antihypertensive drugs. High BP was defined as systolic BP ≥140 mm Hg or diastolic BP ≥90 mm Hg. Perceived stress in the past month was measured with the 4-item perceived stress scale. A total of 33 154 participants (27.0%) had high BP (151±14/90±9 mm Hg). After adjustment for all variables except occupational status, perceived stress was associated with high BP (odds ratio [OR] for a 5-point increase: 1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03-1.09). This association was no longer significant after additional adjustment for occupational status (OR: 1.01; 95% CI: 0.99-1.04). There was a significant interaction (P<0.001) between perceived stress and occupational status in relation to BP: perceived stress was negatively associated with high BP among individuals of high occupational status (OR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.87-0.96), but positively associated among those of low status (OR: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.03-1.17) or unemployed (OR: 1.13; 95% CI: 1.03-1.24). Sensitivity analyses yielded similar results. The association between current perceived stress and BP depends on occupational status. This interaction may account for previous conflicting results and warrants further studies to explore its underlying mechanisms.
Betaine analogues and related compounds for biomedical applications (2006)

Living cells accumulate compensatory solutes for protection against the harmful effects of extreme environmental conditions such as high salinity, temperature and desiccation. Even at high concentrations these solutes do not disrupt the normal cellular functions and at times counteract by stabilizing the cellular components. These properties of compensatory solutes have been exploited for stabilizing proteins and cells in vitro. Betaines are widespread natural compensatory solutes that have also been used in other applications such as therapeutic agents and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) enhancers. Some biomedical applications of novel synthetic analogues of natural betaines were investigated. Natural compensatory solutes are either dipolar zwitterionic compounds or polyhydroxyl compounds, and the physical basis of compensation may differ between these, so one focus was on synthetic betaines with hydroxyl substituents. The majority of the synthetic solutes stabilized different model proteins against stress factors such as high and low temperatures. The presence of hydroxyl groups improved protection against desiccation. The observed stabilization effect is not just on the catalytic activity of the enzyme, but also on its structural conformation. Synthetic compensatory solutes have a potential application as protein stabilizers. Dimethylthetin was evaluated as a therapeutic agent and found to be harmful in a sheep model. However, from the study we were able to generate a large-animal continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) model and showed that glycine betaine could be added to the dialysis fluid in chronic renal failure. Some synthetic compensatory solutes reduce the melting temperatures of DNA better than most natural solutes. Synthetic solutes were identified that have potential to enhance PCR and could replace some reagents marketed by commercial suppliers. Density, viscosity and molecular model data on the solutes showed correlations with the biochemical effects of the solutes, but no physical measurements were found that reliably predicted their potential for biotechnological applications.
Spotsize converter with improved design for InP-based deep-ridge waveguide structure (2005)

An efficient spotsize converter (SSC) is necessary for directly coupling an InP-based deep-ridge waveguide structure to a fiber. We have already proposed an SSC that uses a laterally buried taper, selectively grown over a thick cladding layer and an optimized deep-ridge-buried waveguide junction. The experimentally obtained converter loss was less than 2 dB, which is still large. Further optimization is possible by introducing a short taper waveguide for the deep-ridge-buried waveguide junctions and improving the taper shape by using a two-step linear taper with a short narrow waveguide. A simulation result shows that we can achieve a converter loss of less than 1 dB with a converter length of only 200 /spl mu/m.
Inflammasome-Independent Regulation of IL-1-Family Cytokines (2014)

Induction, production, and release of proinflammatory cytokines are essential steps to establish an effective host defense. Cytokines of the interleukin-1 (IL-1) family induce inflammation and regulate T lymphocyte responses while also displaying homeostatic and metabolic activities. With the exception of the IL-1 receptor antagonist, all IL-1 family cytokines lack a signal peptide and require proteolytic processing into an active molecule. One such unique protease is caspase-1, which is activated by protein platforms called the inflammasomes. However, increasing evidence suggests that inflammasomes and caspase-1 are not the only mechanism for processing IL-1 cytokines. IL-1 cytokines are often released as precursors and require extracellular processing for activity. Here we review the inflammasome-independent enzymatic processes that are able to activate IL-1 cytokines, paying special attention to neutrophil-derived serine proteases, which subsequently induce inflammation and modulate host defense. The inflammasome-independent processing of IL-1 cytokines has important consequences for understanding inflammatory diseases, and it impacts the design of IL-1-based modulatory therapies.
The Cemented Femoral Stem: Selecting the Ideal Patient (2005)

A woman who is elderly, lightweight, and low demand has traditionally been considered an ideal candidate for a cemented femoral stem. Patients who are young, heavy, and high demand have been considered higher risk for failure and, therefore, better suited for cementless femoral stems. However, modern cement techniques and implants have improved outcomes in high-risk cohorts, and stress shielding, thigh pain, and osteolysis have emerged as long-term challenges for cementless femoral stems. Recently reported positive bone remodeling around a cemented, triple-tapered, polished, collarless stem behaving according to the taper-slip philosophy of femoral stem fixation may widen the traditional indications for cemented femoral stems. Paradoxically, patients initially thought to be poor candidates for cemented fixation may benefit most from the long-term bone preservation and positive loading characteristics of this new generation of cemented stem technology.