gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mitotic Catastrophe in Cancer Therapy (2008)

During the past 20 years, experimental strategies addressing tumor cell responsesto-by and large empirically developed-anticancer drugs mostly aimed tomeasure short-term viability in vitro. However, cancer cell lines used in thesestudies were typically expanded for many passages after their establishment fromprimary tumor material under non-physiological culture conditions, therebybeing prone to select for genetic defects that may contribute to a drug-resistantphenotype. For example, mutations at the INK4a/ARF locus that encodes the cellcycle regulators p16INK4a and ARF have been found in culture-established celllines at a much higher frequency when compared with primary tumors (1), andhave been linked to chemoresistance in various clinical scenarios (2,3). Indeed,primary tumor cells propagated in culture for several weeks were shown to bemuch less susceptible to anticancer agents than their matched primary, untreatedcounterparts, suggesting that genetic components of treatment responsesacquired inactivating mutations (4). Even when performed with primary tumorcells freshly isolated from a cancer patient and thus possibly reflecting a betterapproximation of the patient response to therapy, in vitro cytotoxicity assaysoften failed to anticipate drug action in vivo possibly because of the fact thatlocal drug concentrations, exposure times, and kinetics of the biological effectsexperienced in vivo were insufficiently recapitulated in vitro. Importantly, cellculture systems cannot even come close to model non-cell autonomous factors ofthe tumor microenvironment, whose importance is increasingly acknowledged.Accordingly, it is not too much of a surprise that many studies failed to identify adirect correlation between in vitro chemosensitivity and long-term patient out-come (5,6).
Abstract B30: ARID1A is a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor for N-Myc transformation of neural crest cells (2020)

Abstract Large segmental chromosomal alterations are common to cancer and a feature of high-risk neuroblastoma (NBL). Though they are early or initiating events in cancer, including often being found in precancerous lesions, their contribution to tumorigenesis is poorly understood. An unproven model is that these changes promote cancer through the cumulative effect of multiple dosage-sensitive genes. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at 1p36 is a frequent structural rearrangement in a broad range of human cancers including NBL. Approximately 70% of MYCN amplified NBL have 1p36 LOH with both mutations independently contributing to tumor aggressiveness in NBL. Two tumor suppressor regions have been proposed to exist in 1p36, a distal and proximal region, which have MYCN-independent and dependent roles. Through CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing of primary mouse neural crest cells (NCCs), a source for NBL, we found that loss of the chromatin remodeling factor Chd5 conferred most of the tumor-suppressor effects of 1p36 LOH in in vitro cell transformation assays in cells with endogenous levels of N-Myc. In contrast, when N-Myc was overexpressed, tumor evolution of NCCs genome edited to have randomly sized 1p36 deletions showed a reduction in tumor latency that significantly correlated with deletion of Arid1a. The Arid1a deletions that were selected for ranged from small indels up to large 1p36 deletions, indicating that large deletions are tolerated to achieve loss of a single critical tumor suppressor. Further, using lentiviral Cre-induced deletion of floxed Arid1a in isolated NCCs, we found that Arid1a is a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor in MYCN-driven transformation of NCCs. As Arid1a is a subunit of the chromatin remodeling complex SWI/SNF, which is mutated in 20% of cancers, Arid1a synthetic lethal therapies are being developed for adult malignancies. We are currently verifying those proposed therapies in NBL and are using small-molecule screening of cells lines derived from Arid1a wild-type, het, or null tumors to identify additional synthetic lethalities. Our findings indicate that context, such as the status of MYCN as an oncogene, dictates which 1p36 gene is the critical tumor suppressor, establishing 1p36 LOH as multifaceted not cumulative, as was previously believed. Citation Format: Kirby Wallace, Jesus Garcia-Lopez, Joel Otero, Rachelle Olsen, Chelsea DeVaux, Ashton King, Andrew Davidoff, Kevin Freeman. ARID1A is a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor for N-Myc transformation of neural crest cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Advances in Pediatric Cancer Research; 2019 Sep 17-20; Montreal, QC, Canada. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(14 Suppl):Abstract nr B30.
Sparse recovery with quantized multiple measurement vectors (2017)

We address the quantized sparse recovery problem with multiple measurement vectors, where each measurement is represented using a finite number of bits. The source signals are sparse and share the same sparse support, and the goal is to recover that support. A general framework based on sparse Bayesian learning is developed, which is applicable to both 1-bit and multi-bit scalar quantization. We show through numerical simulations that as the number of the measurements increases, the proposed algorithm can provide support recovery performance similar to that when the measurements are unquantized.
A k-partition, graph theoretic approach to perceptual organization (2004)

We present an k-partition, graph theoretic approach to perceptual organization. Principal results include a generalization of the bipartition normalized cut to a k-partition measure, and a derivation of a suboptimal, polynomial time solution to the NP-hard k-partition problem. The solution is obtained by first relaxing to an eigenvalue problem, followed by a heuristic procedure to enforce feasible solutions. This approach is a departure from the standard k-partitioning graph literature in that the partition measure used is nonquadratic, and is a departure from image segmentation literature in that k-partitioning is used in place of a recursive bipartition. We apply this approach to image segmentation of infrared (IR) images, and show representative segmentation results. Initial results show promise for further investigation.
THE MANAGEMENT OF THE SEVERELY ILL PATIENT AFTER OPEN-HEART SURGERY (1963)

DAMMANN, J. F. JR.; THUNG, N.; CHRISTLIEB, I. I.; LITTLEFIELD, J. B.; MULLER, W. H. JR. Author Information
Azithromycin--review of key chemical, pharmacokinetic and microbiological features (1996)

One of the chemical features that distinguishes the 15-membered ring azalide azithromycin from the 14-membered ring macrolide compound erythromycin is the former's increased stability at acid pH. Azithromycin also differs pharmacokinetically from erythromycin, an important feature being azithromycin's ability to achieve high tissue concentrations, with the agent being delivered to the sites of infection by direct uptake and by targeted delivery via phagocytes. High tissue concentrations are maintained for prolonged periods because of azithromycin's long half-life, leading to once-daily dosing for 3 or 5 days. Notable microbiological features of azithromycin are in-vitro activity against many pyogenic bacteria (e.g. Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Moraxella catarrhalis), as well as organisms against which /?-lactam antibiotics are usually ineffective (e.g. Legionella and Chlamydia spp.), organisms that are resistant to benzylpenicillin and erythromycin (e.g. Haemophilus influenzae) and organisms for which satisfactory therapy is limited (e.g. Toxoplasma gondii and the Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex). These properties of azithromycin suggest that it might be a useful agent for the treatment of a wide range of bacterial infections.
Stereospecific synthesis of codeine 7,8-oxide and codeinone 7,8-oxide. (1979)

Condeinone (1) was oxidized to codeinone 7, 8-oxide (2) by hydrogen peroxide. Stereospecific reduction of 2 by sodium borohydride afforded codeine 7, 8-oxide (3). The configuration of 3 was confirmed by X-ray analysis.
DNA Microarray Analysis Identifies CKS2 and LEPR as Potential Markers of Meningioma Recurrence (2011)

Meningiomas are the most frequent intracranial tumors. Surgery can be curative, but recurrences are possible. We performed gene expression analyses and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) studies looking for new markers predicting the recurrence risk. We analyzed expression profiles of 23 meningiomas (10 grade I, 10 grade II, and 3 grade III) and validated the data using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). We performed LOH analysis on 40 meningiomas, investigating chromosomal regions on 1p, 9p, 10q, 14q, and 22q. We found 233 and 268 probe sets to be significantly down- and upregulated, respectively, in grade II or III meningiomas. Genes downregulated in high-grade meningiomas were overrepresented on chromosomes 1, 6, 9, 10, and 14. Based on functional enrichment analysis, we selected LIM domain and actin binding 1 (LIMA1), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 3 (TIMP3), cyclin-dependent kinases regulatory subunit 2 (CKS2), leptin receptor (LEPR), and baculoviral inhibitor of apoptosis repeat-containing 5 (BIRC5) for validation using qPCR and confirmed their differential expression in the two groups of tumors. We calculated ΔCt values of CKS2 and LEPR and found that their differential expression (C-L index) was significantly higher in grade I than in grade II or III meningiomas (p < .0001). Interestingly, the C-L index of nine grade I meningiomas from patients who relapsed in <5 years was significantly lower than in grade I meningiomas from patients who did not relapse. These findings indicate that the C-L index may be relevant to define the progression risk in meningioma patients, helping guide their clinical management. A prospective analysis on a larger number of cases is warranted.
Antenna system optimisation of UAS datalinks (2015)

Research being undertaken by the Defence Science and Technology Organisation requires the capability to perform long-distance navigation trials of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS). For operational and range-safety reasons, it is required that both reliable and frequent command and control interactions between the air-vehicle and ground-based operators be made during these flights, making reliable datalink communications paramount to the success of current and future extended-range flight trials. During trials, the aircraft is required to operate at both relatively low and constant altitude, resulting in sub-optimal communication conditions. For these operations, a simple link budget analysis incorporating antenna gain and free-space path loss is insufficient to model the performance of the datalink, as multi-path effects cause significant destructive interference in otherwise clear line-of-sight conditions. Through modelling it is possible to exploit the multi-path effect in order to minimise the impact on UAS datalink operations. An experimentally demonstrated solution for datalink multi-path mitigation is presented for UAS with similar flight profiles.
Propagation and focusing dependency of a laser beam with its aberration distribution: understanding of the halo induced disturbance. (2023)

In various applications, it is necessary to understand laser field dynamics during its propagation, especially at the focal position including the dispersed energy surrounding the main pulse, that is called the halo effect. For instance, the properties of electron beams produced by Laser Wake Field Acceleration (LWFA) strongly depend on the laser energy distribution and its halo in the vicinity of the focus. Indeed, under certain condition this halo, or even its internal structures, can propagate and be self-focused independently of the main pulse in the plasma. This paper aims at providing sufficient tools to properly describe the behavior of a focused laser beam, including the halo. Consequently, an optical description regarding the source of this halo is provided. Therefore, a more accurate estimation of the input laser beam that should be used in simulations of high-power laser applications, may now be obtained. Finally, one may also find ways to positively manipulate the laser beam. Using Fresnel diffraction theory, the propagation and focusing of an experimental high-power (sub-petawatt) aberrated beam is numerically calculated. The shape of the focused beam pattern within a few Rayleigh lengths is analysed as a function of main aberrations (up to the 14th term of Zernike Polynomials). Furthermore, at the focus position, spreading of the energy is compared to both the case of a perfect diffraction-limited Gaussian and a super-Gaussian beam.
[Possibilities of correction of coronary and myocardial reserves in patients with ischemic heart disease by Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor perindopril]. (2008)

Perindopril in the dose of 8 mg/day in patients with IHD with stable effort angina FC I - III in combination antiischemic therapy exerts positive influence on the state of coronary and myocardial reserves of the heart and decreases degree of dysfunction of endothelium what denotes antianginal and vasoprotective effects of the drug. Enhancement of coronary blood flow leads to betterment of diastolic function of the myocardium in patients with disturbances of relaxation and to improvement of local contractility of the myocardium appearing as decrease of quantity of hypokinetic segments.
A Computational Approach to Understand Arabidopsis thaliana and Soybean Resistance to Fusarium solani (Fsg) (2007)

In this study, we reported the analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana microarray gene expression profile of root tissues after the plant was challenged with fungal pathogen Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines (Fsg). Our microarray analysis showed that the infection caused 130 transcript abundances (TAs) to increase by more than 2 fold and 32 out of 130 TAs were increased by more than 3 fold in the root tissues. However, only nineteen ESTs were observed with a decrease in TAs by more than 2 fold and 13 of them went down more than 3 fold due to the pathogen infection. In addition, the number of the up-regulated genes was nearly seven times more than that of downregulated genes. The coordinate regulation of adjacent genes was detected and the distance distribution of the nearest neighbor genes was less likely to be randomly scattered in genome. The results of this study enabled us to decipher the resistance mechanism to Fsg through an integrated computational approach.
Geometrically Exact Beam-based Aeroelastic Modeling and Solution Of Composite Rotor Blades in Forward Flight (2022)

In this paper, the geometrically exact beam model and aeroelastic solution methods for composite rotor blades in forward flight by the latest variational asymptotic beam sectional analysis (VABS) have been employed. The geometrically exact beam equations of motion in the mixed variational form and the latest VABS are used to deal with one-dimensional blade analysis and the structural property of blade cross section, respectively. The methods can be used for the aeroelastic solution of composite rotor blades with arbitrary cross-sectional shape and material distribution, large deflections and significant nonclassical effects such as cross-sectional warping, transverse shear deformation, and elastic couplings caused by anisotropic material properties. The Peters–He finite state dynamic inflow model and the Peters finite state airloads theory are used to calculate the induced velocity and blade airloads, respectively. An auto-pilot trim scheme is used for calculating the blade pitch controls to meet the trim requirements. The convergence issue encountered when solving the geometrically exact, mixed variational aeroelastic equations in time domain has been successfully addressed. The values of the empirical parameters in the auto-pilot trim scheme for the presented aeroelastic model have been properly selected. The accuracy of the presented aeroelastic modeling and solution methods has been verified against the SA349/2 flight-test data. The influence of transverse shear deformation on the aeroelastic response of composite rotor blades was also investigated, indicating that this effect has a nonnegligible influence on the aeroelastic response of the five different kinds of elastically coupled hingeless composite rotors investigated in this paper.
Chemical capacitance of nanostructured semiconductors: its origin and significance for nanocomposite solar cells (2003)

The capacitance measured in dye-sensitised nanocrystalline TiO2 solar cells (DSSC) is interpreted in terms of a chemical capacitance, which is found to be a crucial feature for describing the dynamic operation of solar cells based on nanoscaled materials.
Rapid Identification of Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureus and Simultaneous Species Confirmation Using Real-Time Fluorescence PCR (2000)

A duplex LightCycler PCR assay targeting the mecA gene and a Staphylococcus aureus-specific marker was used to test 165 S. aureus strains and 80 strains of other bacterial species. Within an assay time of 60 min plus 10 min for sample preparation, S. aureus as well as the presence or absence of the mecA gene was correctly identified.
Theoretical Framework for Analysing Statistical Properties of Partially Coherent V-point Beams (2021)

A generalized theoretical model for investigating the statistical properties of the family of partially coherent V-point polarization singular beams is discussed here. Coherence-induced changes in the intensity, degree-of-polarization, degree-of-coherence, and state-of-polarization are studied theoretically and verified experimentally.
Mitral valve leaflet response to ischemic mitral regurgitation: From gene expression to tissue remodeling (2019)

Abstract Aims Ischemic mitral regurgitation is frequently observed following myocardial infarction and is associated with higher mortality and poor clinical prognosis if left untreated. Accumulating evidence suggests that mitral valve leaflets actively remodel post–myocardial infarction, yet the cellular mechanisms underlying these responses and how this affects tissue function remain largely unknown. We sought to elucidate mitral valve remodeling post myocardial infarction at the tissue, cellular, and transcriptomic levels. Methods and Results The mechanical behavior of ovine mitral valve leaflets pre– and 8 weeks post– myocardial infarction reveal a significant decrease in radial direction extensibility, which essentially eliminated the mechanical anisotropy typically observed in healthy mitral valves. Quantitative histology and ultrastructural assessment by transmission electron microscopy revealed altered leaflet composition and architecture at 8 weeks post–myocardial infarction. Assessment of the mitral valve interstitial cell nuclear aspect ratio, a metric of cellular deformation, revealed that they were on average rounder following myocardial infarction. RNA sequencing indicated that YAP-induced genes were elevated at 4 weeks post–myocardial infarction and genes related to extracellular matrix organization were some of the most downregulated in sheep with IMR compared to sheep without ischemic mitral regurgitation at 4 weeks post–myocardial infarction. Additionally, RNA sequencing revealed the possible recruitment of immune cells in this remodeling process due to the drastic elevation of CXCL9 and CLEC10A. Conclusions Our multiscale assessment revealed significant mechanical and microstructural changes due to myocardial infarction. RNA sequencing provided a baseline for global gene expression changes in response to myocardial infarction with and without ischemic mitral regurgitation and suggests YAP-induced mechanotransduction, altered expression of extracellular matrix–related genes, and recruitment of immune cells as mechanisms contributing to altered mitral valve biomechanics post–myocardial infarction.
“S”대학교 신입생 대학생활 적응 및 재학만족도 지원 교과과정 연구 (2021)

이 연구는 신입생 대학 적응과 진로 탐색에 도움을 주기 위해 개설한 대학 1학년 교과목이 실제 얼마나 긍정적 효과를 거두었는지, 2019년과 2020년 신입생을 대상으로 수업 전, 후 설문조사를 통해 나타난 결과를 비교 분석한 것이다. 대면 강의가 당연했던 2019년, ‘S’대 디자인전공 신입생들은 ‘CHARM 커뮤니케이션’이라는 과목을 수강하며 대학을 이해하고, 적응하며, 동기들과 빠른 친밀관계를 형성하거나 전공진로 지원을 받았으며, 대학만족도에 긍정적 영향을 받은 것으로 드러났다. 2020년 COVID 19으로 인해 전 세계가 위기 상황을 맞이하고 대학도 급작스레 비대면 강의를 실시하는 등 교육환경에 일대 변화가 시작되었다. 이에 따라 2020년 신입생 대상 설문조사는 온라인으로 진행되었다. 2020년 입학 신입생들은 대학 강의실과 캠퍼스, 기숙사, 대학가 주변환경을 경험하지 못했을 뿐만 아니라 입학 동기, 학과 선배들과 만남 기회를 갖지 못해 연구자가 비교, 조사하려던 환경적응 효과는 비교가 불가능하였다. 다양하고 실험적인 방식의 비대면 강의였으나, 신입생 적응과 진로지도를 목료로 했던 CHARM 커뮤니케이션 강의는 여전히 의미있는 효과를 거둔 것으로 파악되었다. 디자인 전공생을 대상으로 비교 분석하려 시작했던 연구는, 변화한 교육환경속에서 전공이 다른 신입생들간 비교 연구가 추가되었으며, 2019년과 2020년 해당과목을 수강했던 학생들과의 심층 면담을 통해 교육효과를 세밀하게 확인할 수 있었다.
A dynamic Web service based data mining process system (2005)

This research introduces a dynamic data mining process (DDMP) system based on service-oriented architecture (SOA). Each activity in data mining process is viewed as a Web service operated on Internet. The Web services provide functions of data preprocessing, data mining algorithms, and visualization analysis. Depending on user's requirement, the Web services are dynamically linked using Business Process Execution Language for Web service (BPEL4WS) to construct a desired data mining process. Finally, the result model described by Predictive Model Markup Language (PMML) is returned for further analysis. A practical credit card data set provided by a commercial bank is implemented using the proposed system. It is found that the DDMP system can provide dynamical and satisfied analysis result to the enterprise.
Robustly optimal rate one-half binary convolutional codes (Corresp.) (1975)

Three optimality criteria for convolutional codes are considered in this correspondence: namely, free distance, minimum distance, and distance profile. Here we report the results of computer searches for rate one-half binary convolutional codes that are "robustly optimal" in the sense of being optimal for one criterion and optimal or near-optimal for the other two criteria. Comparisons with previously known codes are made. The results of a computer simulation are reported to show the importance of the distance profile to computational performance with sequential decoding.
Estimation of the Number of Cross-Links of Multi-walled Carbon Nanotube Films Formed by a Dehydration Condensation Reaction (2007)

Preparation procedure of multi‐walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) films shows as follows. First, as‐grown MWCNTs heated in the air and treated with hydrochloric acid to remove amorphous carbon and catalytic metal particles respectively. Then, the o1btained MWCNT samples were treated with nitric acid at 373K to add carboxylic acid and hydroxyl groups on their surface. Finally, MWCNT films were prepared by employing a condensation reaction utilizing 1,3‐dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) to cross‐link each MWCNT with chemical bonds. Morphological changes in the resultant MWCNT films were monitored using scanning electron microscopy, and showed that the MWCNTs were randomly intertwined in the films. The prepared MWCNT films were 17mm in diameter and 20μm in thickness, and the apparent density was 0.59 g/cm3. Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy confirmed that each MWCNT modified with carboxylic acid and hydroxyl groups was cross‐linked through the ester bond. It was found that the ratio of the number of ester cross‐links and carbon atoms of the nanotubes per unit apparent volume (cm3) of condensed‐MWCNT films was 5.23×10−3 using TGA. The tensile strength and Vickers hardness of condensed‐MWCNT films achieved an average of 15MPa and 9.2MPa, respectively, and was greater than those of free‐standing MWCNT films without ester bond.
Recent Progress in Positive Electrode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries (2019)

リチウムイオン電池は，携帯型電子機器用の電源として実用化されてから約30年が経過した。かつては新型電池として登場した蓄電池であるが，今日では，車載用途での普及・展開が期待され，低炭素社会実現においては必須の電源技術となっている。電池技術を支えてきた重要な部材が正極であり，最初に使用されていたリチウムコバルト酸化物は，今日でも重要な正極活物質である。一方，コバルト代替，あるいは高容量化のために次々と新規正極材料が開発され，今日では，多くのバリエーションがラインアップされている。正極材料の基礎物性から，歴史的な材料開発の経緯について紹介する。