gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermal Challenges in 3D Stacks (2012)

Thermal Management of high performance 3D SiP Modules is gaining momentum in telecommunication and networking applications. With increasing need for bandwidth and reduced real estate on boards, there is an acute need for 3D SiP modules. At the same time, the stacked modules come with a host of new challenges in terms of thermal management, packaging, thermo-mechanical stresses etc. This study looks at one such module with stacked dies for memories along with another high performance silicon all under a single lid. The study focuses on the effect of underfill materials on thermal performance, effect of through silicon vias, effect of non-uniform heat source on hot spots on the die etc. It will also focus on thermal management of a single module as well as a series of modules in a networking application. The effect of thermo-mechanical stresses will also be investigated and conclusions drawn on the effect of each of these parameters.
Communication:A bitoric rigid contact lens with base down prism to eliminate binocular vertical diplopia (2005)

Prism base down can be incorporated into a rigid gas permeable contact lens to align the diplopic images in a patient who has a significant vertical phoria. A rigid lens may also incorporate both vertical base down prism and a toroidal back surface - the vertical prism to correct the heterophoria and the toric back surface to improve the physical fit of the lens on a highly toric cornea. This paper presents a case where vertical diplopia due to a post-surgical left hyperphoria of about four prism dioptres was eliminated by the incorporation of the appropriate amount of base down vertical prism into a bitoric rigid gas permeable contact lens.
Mechanism of Formation of Human Calcium Oxalate Renal Stones on Randall's Plaque (2007)

Although calcium oxalate (CaOx) renal stones are known to grow attached to renal papillae, and specifically to regions of papillae that contain Randall's plaque (interstitial apatite deposits), the mechanisms of stone overgrowth on plaque are not known. To investigate the problem, we have obtained biopsy specimens from two stone patients that included an attached stone along with its tissue base and have studied the ultrastructural features of the attachment point using light and transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (mu-FTIR), and immunohistochemical analysis. The epithelium is disrupted at the attachment site. The denuded plaque that borders on the urinary space attracts an envelope of ribbon-like laminates of crystal and organic matrix arising from urine ions and molecules. Into the matrix of this ribbon grow amorphous apatite crystals that merge with and give way to the usual small apatite crystals imbedded in stone matrix; eventually CaOx crystals admix with apatite and become the predominant solid phase. Over time, urine calcium and oxalate ions gradually overgrow on the large crystals forming the attached stone.
Synthetic approach to (-)-quassimarin based on intramolecular Diels-Alder strategy (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthetic approach to (-)-quassimarin based on intramolecular Diels-Alder strategyKozo Shishido, Kazuyuki Takahashi, Keiichiro Fukumoto, Tetsuji Kametani, and Toshio HondaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 26, 5704–5714Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00235a011https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00235a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views860Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Predicting pharmaceutical inkjet printing outcomes using machine learning (2023)

Inkjet printing has been extensively explored in recent years to produce personalised medicines due to its low cost and versatility. Pharmaceutical applications have ranged from orodispersible films to complex polydrug implants. However, the multi-factorial nature of the inkjet printing process makes formulation (e.g., composition, surface tension, and viscosity) and printing parameter optimization (e.g., nozzle diameter, peak voltage, and drop spacing) an empirical and time-consuming endeavour. Instead, given the wealth of publicly available data on pharmaceutical inkjet printing, there is potential for a predictive model for inkjet printing outcomes to be developed. In this study, machine learning (ML) models (random forest, multilayer perceptron, and support vector machine) to predict printability and drug dose were developed using a dataset of 687 formulations, consolidated from in-house and literature-mined data on inkjet-printed formulations. The optimized ML models predicted the printability of formulations with an accuracy of 97.22%, and predicted the quality of the prints with an accuracy of 97.14%. This study demonstrates that ML models can feasibly provide predictive insights to inkjet printing outcomes prior to formulation preparation, affording resource- and time-savings.
Spin‐Dependent Processes Measured without a Permanent Magnet (2018)

Abstract A novel Hall circuit design that can be incorporated into a working electrode, which is used to probe spin‐selective charge transfer and charge displacement processes, is reviewed herein. The general design of a Hall circuit based on a semiconductor heterostructure, which forms a shallow 2D electron gas and is used as an electrode, is described. Three different types of spin‐selective processes have been studied with this device in the past: i) photoinduced charge exchange between quantum dots and the working electrode through chiral molecules is associated with spin polarization that creates a local magnetization and generates a Hall voltage; ii) charge polarization of chiral molecules by an applied voltage is accompanied by a spin polarization that generates a Hall voltage; and iii) cyclic voltammetry (current–voltage) measurements of electrochemical redox reactions that can be spin‐analyzed by the Hall circuit to provide a third dimension (spin) in addition to the well‐known current and voltage dimensions. The three studies reviewed open new doors into understanding both the spin current and the charge current in electronic materials and electrochemical processes.
OXA-18, a class D clavulanic acid-inhibited extended-spectrum beta-lactamase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1997)

Clinical isolate Pseudomonas aeruginosa Mus showed resistance both to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and to aztreonam. We detected a typical double-disk synergy image when ceftazidime or aztreonam was placed next to a clavulanic acid disk on an agar plate. This resistance phenotype suggested the presence of an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase. Isoelectric focusing revealed that this strain produced three beta-lactamases, of pI 5.5, 7.4, and 8.2. A 2.6-kb Sau3A fragment encoding the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase of pI 5.5 was cloned from P. aeruginosa Mus genomic DNA. This enzyme, named OXA-18, had a relative molecular mass of 30.6 kDa. OXA-18 has a broad substrate profile, hydrolyzing amoxicillin, ticarcillin, cephalothin, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, and aztreonam, but not imipenem or cephamycins. Its activity was totally inhibited by clavulanic acid at 2 microg/ml. Hydrolysis constants of OXA-18 (Vmax, Km) confirmed the MIC results. Cloxacillin and oxacillin hydrolysis was noticeable with the partially purified OXA-18. The blaOXA-18 gene encodes a 275-amino-acid protein which has weak identity with all class D beta-lactamases except OXA-9 and OXA-12 (45 and 42% amino acid identity, respectively). OXA-18 is likely to be chromosomally encoded since no plasmid was found in the strain and because attempts to transfer the resistance marker failed. OXA-18 is peculiar since it is a class D beta-lactamase which confers high resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and seems to have unique hydrolytic properties among non-class A enzymes.
HYDRAULIC PERFORMANCE OF STRUCTURES FOR BRIDGE DRAINAGE (1997)

An experimental investigation of the hydraulic characteristics of temporary concrete barriers employed as inertial attenuators is reported here. Small cutouts are incorporated in the bottoms of the barriers so that a rectangular drainage inlet is formed when the barrier is placed on the pavement. While runoff flow to the channel created by the barrier wall is usually a continuous distribution, the inlets are located at regular, closely spaced intervals, forming discrete drains. Experimental measurements of the discharge characteristics of various aperture configurations were measured both under sump and transverse flow conditions. Full scale configurations for drainage apertures were tested in an experimental flume with variable cross and longitudinal slope. The results obtained from these measurements were compared wherever possible to existing information. Finally, the information gathered was combined into a predictive model and test cases are presented.
Polymer micelles decorated by gadolinium complexes as MRI blood contrast agents: design, synthesis and properties (2010)

New micellar macrocontrast agents with improved contrast at high frequencies were designed by grafting a gadolinium based contrast agent onto functional stealth micelles formed by poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(ε-caprolactone) (PEO-b-PCL) in water. As evidenced by relaxometry measurements and the hemolytic CH50 test, the new contrast agents are of interest as MRI blood pool agents.
An Automated Electrochemical Probe for Evaluation of Thin Films (2012)

An electrochemical probe station (EPS) for automated electrochemical testing of electronic-grade thin films is presented. Similar in design to a scanning droplet cell, this modular system features a flexible probe tip capable of contacting both metallic and oxide surfaces. Using the highly sensitive Pt-H2SO4 system, it is demonstrated that the EPS obtains results equivalent to those of a traditional electrochemical cell. Further, electrical testing of thin film PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 shows that this system may be used to ascertain fundamental electrical properties of dielectric films.
Neph1 Cooperates with Nephrin To Transduce a Signal That Induces Actin Polymerization (2007)

While the mechanisms that regulate actin dynamics in cellular motility are intensively studied, relatively little is known about signaling events that transmit outside-in signals and direct assembly and regulation of actin polymerization complexes at the cell membrane. The kidney podocyte provides a unique model for investigating these mechanisms since deletion of Nephrin or Neph1, two interacting components of the specialized podocyte intercellular junction, results in abnormal podocyte morphogenesis and junction formation. We provide evidence that extends the existing model by which the Nephrin-Neph1 complex transduces phosphorylation-mediated signals that assemble an actin polymerization complex at the podocyte intercellular junction. Upon engagement, Neph1 is phosphorylated on specific tyrosine residues by Fyn, which results in the recruitment of Grb2, an event that is necessary for Neph1-induced actin polymerization at the plasma membrane. Importantly, Neph1 and Nephrin directly interact and, by juxtaposing Grb2 and Nck1/2 at the membrane following complex activation, cooperate to augment the efficiency of actin polymerization. These data provide evidence for a mechanism reminiscent of that employed by vaccinia virus and other pathogens, by which a signaling complex transduces an outside-in signal that results in actin filament polymerization at the plasma membrane.
Resazurin assay of radiation response in cultured cells (2005)

We describe use of resazurin reduction for measurement of cell response to irradiation as a simple and non-destructive assay that complements the conventional colony forming assay and can readily be applied to both adherent and non-adherent cell cultures. The resazurin method yields data comparable with the colony forming assay as well as to assay of DNA synthesis (BrdU incorporation), giving an OER (oxygen enhancement ratio) of 2.5 at 60% isoeffect level versus 3.1 for the colony forming assay. Intraday and interday precisions for the resazurin assay were 4.1% and 5.2%, respectively.
A rare case of verrucous carcinoma of the uterine cervix. (1985)

初診時, コルポ診にて疣贅状に発育した子宮頸部扁平上皮癌浸潤型と診断されたが, 同時に採取された細胞診では, 悪性細胞は認められなかった.初回の病理組織検査においては円形細胞の浸出を著明に認める慢性頸管炎と診断され, 第2回目の深く切除された組織の病理組織検査で, 高分化型扁平上皮癌と診断された極めてまれなverrucous carcinomaの1例を報告する.さらにverrucous carcinomaの細胞診所見の特徴について文献的考察を加え, 検討した.
Biphasic Self-Assembly Pathways and Size-Dependent Photophysical Properties of Perylene Bisimide Dye Aggregates (2013)

The concentration-dependent absorption and temperature-dependent fluorescence of the perylene bisimide dye PBI 1 in methylcyclohexane point to a biphasic aggregation behavior. At intermediate concentrations and temperatures, respectively, a dimer with low fluorescence yield dominates, which cannot be extended to longer aggregates. Those are formed at high concentrations and low temperatures, respectively, via a second, energetically unfavorable dimer species that acts as a nucleus. A corresponding aggregation model reproduces accurately the concentration dependence and allows extracting the equilibrium constants and spectra of the distinct species. The differences in the photophysical properties indicate H-type excitonic coupling for the favored dimer and J-type characteristics for the extended aggregates which could be related to structural models based on DFT calculations. The energetics can be understood by considering hydrogen-bonding and π-π-stacking interactions.
Immune responses following McKenzie lumbar spine exercise in individuals with acute low back pain: A preliminary study (2014)

McKenzie exercise sessions induced an immune activation state and simultaneously up regulated anti-inflammatory IL-4 cytokines that boost pain relief.
A Kvaerner Pulping Way to Improve the Environmental Operation of a Fiberline by Small Means (2005)

クラフトパルプ工場において環境保全に対応した操業を考慮した場合, 最も注目すべきところは漂白工程であることは周知の事実である。過去25年間の漂白技術に関して振り返ってみると, その技術開発には目覚しいものがあり, また, 今後も更なる進歩が実現されるものと考えられる。2003年春, クヴァナパルピングが開発した最新のファイバーラインが, 南米ブラジルRIPASA工場で操業を開始した。このファイバーラインには, 今日の最新技術すなわち高温二酸化塩素漂白 (DUALD™, D*), 加圧過酸化水素漂白 (OP), コンパクトプレス洗浄機―COMPACT PRESS™などが含まれており, 言わば今日の代表的な最新ファイバーラインであると言うことができる。一方, その基準で25年前の代表的な古いファイバーラインを評価すると, 環境保全及び操業効率の面で遅れているところがあると認めざるをえない。しかし, 継続的な投資を通じて, 最新技術に向かって一歩ずつ小刻みながらも改善のステップを積み重ねれば, Aracruz fiberlineAのように既存のファイバーラインを最新技術の特徴を有するものに改善することができる。本稿では, まず最新のファイバーライン技術を簡単に紹介し, 次にこの技術を参照しながら, 制限された予算内での小規模なプロセス改造の実施により, いかに既存のファイバーラインを環境に優しいプロセスへ改良させるか, その方法について考察する。
Stochastic bounds on execution times of parallel computations (2002)

We obtain stochastic bounds on execution times of parallel computations assuming ideal conditions for shared resources. A parallel computation is modelled as a task system with precedence constraints expressed as a directed acyclic graph (DAG). The task execution times are assumed independent random variables. The performance measure considered is the overall execution time of the computation. To obtain upper bounds on this measure, we apply stochastic ordering and stochastic comparison techniques.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Fixed-Lag Smoothing for Bayes Optimal Knowledge Exploitation in Target Tracking (2014)

In this work, we are interested in the improvements attainable when multiscan processing of external knowledge is performed over a moving time window. We propose a novel algorithm that enforces the state constraints by using a Fixed-Lag Smoothing procedure within the prediction step of the Bayesian recursion. For proving the improvements, we utilize differential entropy as a measure of uncertainty and show that the approach guarantees a lower or equal posterior differential entropy than classical single-step constrained filtering. Simulation results using examples for single-target tracking are presented to verify that a Sequential Monte Carlo implementation of the proposed algorithm guarantees an improved tracking accuracy.
Treatment of Cerebellar Ataxia (2014)

Symptoms of cerebellar degeneration include ataxia or wide-based gait, visual and speech dysfunction, dysmetria, and dyscoordination. The etiology of cerebellar degeneration is vast and often complex, and requires neuroimaging, lab assessments, and a thorough family history to delineate its cause. There is currently no accepted treatment of hereditary cerebellar degeneration, although several pharmaceutical agents have shown potential promise.
Electrical-thermal characterization of carbon nanotube based through glass vias for 3-D integration (2016)

Through glass vias (TGVs) is the core technology of three dimensional (3-D) integration. This paper extracts the equivalent electrical parameters of carbon nanotube (CNT) based TGVs and establishes the distributed transmission line model of ground-signal-signal-ground (GSSG) type TGV interconnects. Based on the proposed equivalent circuit model, the effect of various design parameters, such as via pitch, via radius and material properties on the electrical performance of TGV interconnects is evaluated. Due to the domination of conductor loss, it is seen that the electrical characterization of TGV interconnects is totally different from that of conventional through silicon vias (TSVs). Comparison in peak temperature using COMSOL shows that the thermal performance of 3-D integration with glass interposer is significantly improved by replacing copper with CNT in via application.
An isotope approach to characterization of microwave water plasma modified polyimide surfaces (1992)

Water vapor plasma treatment of polymer surfaces has recently gained renewed interest for its potential applications in biomedical science and microelectronics. We have used an isotope technique to characterize the modified polyimide (PI) films by exposing them to microwave H2O and D2O plasmas. Data were obtained showing unambiguously that during treatment the PI surfaces were oxidized and hydroxylated. In situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurement indicated increased oxygen coverage and formation of carboxylic and possibly hydroxyl bonds on the treated surfaces. Multiple internal reflection Fourier transform infrared spectra confirmed the presence of oxalic acidlike OD stretching band, and demonstrated the propensity of the modified surfaces toward water adsorption. A resonance forward recoil technique was used to monitor the deuterium incorporation in the surfaces after treatment, and the degree of hydroxylation, measured in terms of D uptake, was found to increase monotonically and reach a plateau with prolonged exposure time when the absorbed microwave power and operating pressure were kept constant. A correlation appears to exist between the surface concentration of hydroxyl functionalities and the development of surface morphology during the plasma treatment.
Análisis de estrategias de comunicación, diseminación y explotación en Horizonte 2020: claves para multiplicar el impacto de proyectos europeos (2021)

Este estudio presenta un trabajo de revisión sobre comunicación, diseminación y explotación de resultados del programa marco de investigación e innovación de la Unión Europea Horizonte 2020, un programa de casi 80.000 millones de euros para 2014-2020. El objetivo es clarificar los términos comunicación, diseminación y explotación de resultados, actividades multiplicadoras del impacto de la inversión pública y dar claves sobre sus planes estratégicos. Como resultado, se ha podido establecer la narrativa de lo que la UE espera de los proyectos europeos respecto a la comunicación de la ciencia y la diseminación y explotación de sus resultados. Esta clarificación ayudará a equipos de investigación a generar propuestas más asertivas. Se ha aplicado la metodología de las síntesis narrativas y se ha utilizado la documentación de referencia del portal del participante Horizonte 2020 como base de la evidencia. Como método de análisis, se han realizado resúmenes estructurados para confeccionar la síntesis narrativa, núcleo del trabajo. Como conclusión, la planificación estratégica de las multiplicadoras del impacto es fundamental. El diseño de la comunicación comienza en la propuesta; los planes de diseminación y explotación, una vez obtenidos los resultados. Medir sus efectos para ajustar planes estratégicos, potenciará el impacto global del proyecto.
Computer visualization of pressure distribution and substance flow in diamond anvil cells (2003)

A computer-based experimental technique for visualization of pressure distribution and substance flow in diamond anvil cells is presented. It is applied in the investigation of nonlinear elastic properties of ZnSe sample under conditions of the structural phase transition, caused by high pressure and great shear deformations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Use of a next generation maleimide in combination with THIOMAB™ antibody technology delivers a highly stable, potent and near homogeneous THIOMAB™ antibody-drug conjugate (TDC) (2017)

Conjugation of next generation maleimides to engineered cysteines in a THIOMAB™ antibody delivers a highly stable and potent THIOMAB™ antibody-drug conjugate.
Cigarette Smoking, Stages of Change, and Major Depression in the Canadian Population (2009)

The strikingly high prevalence of major depression among current smokers who are young, trying to quit, and with high nicotine dependence levels in the general population indicates that further longitudinal exploration of this topic is urgently needed.
Stereo-electron microscopy of nuclear structure and replication in ciliated protozoa (Hypotricha). (1981)

Employing stereo-electron microscopy on sections (ca. 0.1 micrometer thick) of the ciliated protozoa Stylonychia, Oxytricha and Euplotes, we have examined the ultrastructure of macronuclear replication bands (RB) and micronuclei. The macronuclear RB is composed of two zones: a "forward zone" showing a special chromatin organization consisting of regular 40 to 50 nm diameter fibers with an indication of nucleosomal substructure; and a "rear zone", the site of DNA replication, consisting of a mesh of 10 nm chromatin fibers. Micronuclei exhibit chromatin strands of 60 to 70 nm diameter. Employing the Bernhard staining procedure, we have observed that the chromatin fibers of the RB and of the micronuclei remain unbleached, whereas macronuclear condensed chromatin is bleached of stain, indicating that the replication band and the micronuclei contain chromatin in a configuration different from that of other forms of densely packed chromatin. The regularity of the chromatin fibers within the forward zone is of particular interest since it is comparable to the regularity of chromatin seen in the transcriptionally-inactive chromatin of other nuclei such as avain erythrocytes and sea urchin spermatozoa. It is likely that the forward zone chromatin fibers consist of highly ordered arrangements of nucleosomes, associated with additional nonhistone proteins.