gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recurrence in early gastric cancer. A pathologic evaluation (1980)

The cause of death in 26 of 220 cases of early gastric carcinoma was studied, particularly in relation to the mode of recurrence. Of the 26, 7 patients died of disease related causes and gross appearance revealed that 4 cases were IIa predominant, 2 were IIc (or +I), and 1 was IIc predominant. Histologic examination indicated that all 7 cases were differentiated-type adenocarcinomas. Two of 7 recurring carcinomas were due to residual carcinoma in the resected stumps and 5 patients had hematogenous metastases, particularly in the liver. Eighteen of the 26 patients died of other causes, in 1 case of unknown causes, and it is interesting that in 5 of the 18 cases, simultaneous or nonsimultaneous double carcinomas at sites other than the stomach were noted. In order to prevent recurrence in early gastric carcinoma, it is important that no carcinoma be left in the resected stump or remnant, and that the prophylaxis be achieved through the administration of adequate amounts of anticancer chemotherapy, in order to prevent hematogenous metastasis, particularly to the liver.
Modelling Heterogeneous DSP-FPGA Based System Partitioning with Extensions to the Spinach Simulation Environment (2006)

In this paper we present system-on-a-chip extensions to the Spinach simulation environment for rapidly prototyping heterogeneous DSP/FPGA based architectures, specifically in the embedded domain. This infrastructure has been successfully&#13;\nused to model systems varying from multiprocessor gigabit ethernet controllers to Texas Instruments C6x series DSP based systems with tightly coupled FPGA based coprocessors for computational offloading. As an illustrative example of this toolsets functionality, we investigate workload partitioning in heterogeneous&#13;\nDSP/FPGA based embedded environments. Specifically, we focus on computational offloading of matrix multiplication kernels across DSP/FPGA based embedded architectures.
Interferon Induced Inhibition of Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus Production (1980)

Treatment of murine cells chronically infected with mouse mammary tumor virus with interferon resulted in a marked inhibition of extracellular virus production. This inhibition occurred despite the lack of effect on the transcription or translation of viral RNA. Interferon treatment did not alter the steady-state level of intracellular viral RNA as determined by hybridization of total cellular and polysomal poly(A) containing RNA with mouse mammary tumor virus complementary DNA. Additionally, analyses by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed no differences in the molecular weights of the major viral proteins in extracts from control and interferon treated cultures. These results are consistent with suggestions that the interferon inhibits production of mouse mammary tumor virus at a late stage of replication.
Low-Cost and High-Q Millimeter-Wave Resonator Using Substrate Integrated Waveguide Technique (2002)

A substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity directly coupled to a planar circuit, i.e. microstrip line or coplanar waveguide, is presented. Different coupling topologies and coupling probes are discussed. Empirical equations to predict the resonance frequencies of the cavity are provided. A temperature stability coupling topology were fabricated and measured. Finally, as an example of potential applications, a filter using two SIW cavities was designed and measured.
Comparison of Pathway Analysis Approaches Using Lung Cancer GWAS Data Sets (2012)

Pathway analysis has been proposed as a complement to single SNP analyses in GWAS. This study compared pathway analysis methods using two lung cancer GWAS data sets based on four studies: one a combined data set from Central Europe and Toronto (CETO); the other a combined data set from Germany and MD Anderson (GRMD). We searched the literature for pathway analysis methods that were widely used, representative of other methods, and had available software for performing analysis. We selected the programs EASE, which uses a modified Fishers Exact calculation to test for pathway associations, GenGen (a version of Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA)), which uses a Kolmogorov-Smirnov-like running sum statistic as the test statistic, and SLAT, which uses a p-value combination approach. We also included a modified version of the SUMSTAT method (mSUMSTAT), which tests for association by averaging χ(2) statistics from genotype association tests. There were nearly 18000 genes available for analysis, following mapping of more than 300,000 SNPs from each data set. These were mapped to 421 GO level 4 gene sets for pathway analysis. Among the methods designed to be robust to biases related to gene size and pathway SNP correlation (GenGen, mSUMSTAT and SLAT), the mSUMSTAT approach identified the most significant pathways (8 in CETO and 1 in GRMD). This included a highly plausible association for the acetylcholine receptor activity pathway in both CETO (FDR≤0.001) and GRMD (FDR = 0.009), although two strong association signals at a single gene cluster (CHRNA3-CHRNA5-CHRNB4) drive this result, complicating its interpretation. Few other replicated associations were found using any of these methods. Difficulty in replicating associations hindered our comparison, but results suggest mSUMSTAT has advantages over the other approaches, and may be a useful pathway analysis tool to use alongside other methods such as the commonly used GSEA (GenGen) approach.
Role of retinal vascular endothelial cells in development of CMV retinitis. (1998)

The present results indicate that retinal vascular endothelial cells could be the initial target in the development of viral retinitis, with subsequent spread of the infection to perivascular glia, Müller cells, and other retinal cells, including the retinal pigment epithelium.
Microwave preparation and copper ions adsorption properties of crosslinked chitosan/ZSM molecular sieve composites (2012)

Abstract A novel chitosan‐based composite (CTS/ZSM) made of chitosan and ZSM molecular sieve was prepared under microwave irradiation and was used for the removal of Cu (II) ions from aqueous solution. The composites were characterized by FTIR spectra, XRD spectra, and thermogravimetric analysis. The effects of the ZSM content, amount of glutaraldehyde and pH value on adsorption properties of Cu (II) ions by CTS/ZSM were discussed in detail. Contrast with crosslinked chitosan (CCTS), the CTS/ZSM had higher adsorption capacity for Cu (II). Kinetic studies showed that the adsorption of Cu (II) onto CTS/ZSM composite had low correlation coefficients for the pseudo‐first and ‐second order model and intraparticle diffusion model. The equilibrium process was better described by the Langmuir than Freundlich isotherm model. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
On the design of high-performance wide-band continuous-time sigma-delta converters using numerical optimization (2006)

Continuous-time (CT) sigma-delta (/spl Sigma//spl Delta/) modulators are growing increasingly popular in wide-band analog-digital conversion. High orders of quantization noise shaping, and multibit quantizers, are used to compensate for the low oversampling ratios in wide-band applications. These, however, add circuit complexities and excess loop delay that are detrimental to the /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ control loop. This paper presents an exact mathematical analysis technique, based on the CT-discrete time equivalence, that can take these effects into account. A design-by-optimization approach based on that analysis is used to compensate for these effects, avoid intractability issues and to gain flexibility in the design. It is also shown that it is advantageous not to fix the position of the quantization noise-shaping zeros in the signal band.
Killing of Escherichia coli using the gas diffusion electrode system (2010)

To be best of our knowledge, this study is one of the first investigations to be performed into the potential benefits of gas diffusion electrode (GDE) system in controlling inactivation of E. coli. This study mainly focused on the dual electrodes disinfection with gas diffusion cathode, using Escherichia coli as the indicator microorganisms. The effects of Pt load W(Pt) and the pore-forming agent content W(NH(4)HCO(3)) in GDE, operating conditions such as pH value, oxygen flow rate Q(O(2)), salt content and current density on the disinfection were investigated, respectively. The experimental results showed that the disinfection improved with increasing Pt load W(Pt), but its efficiency at Pt load of 3 per thousand was equivalent to that at Pt load of 4 per thousand. Addition of the pore-forming agent in the appropriate amount improved the disinfection while drop of pH value resulted in the rapid rise of the germicidal efficacy and the disinfection shortened with increasing oxygen flow rate Q(O(2)). The system is more suitable for highly salt water. The germicidal efficacy increased with current density. However, the accelerating rate was different: it first increased with the current density, then decreased, and reached a maximum at current density of 6.7-8.3 mA/cm(2). The germicidal efficacy in the cathode compartment was about the same as in the anode compartment indicating the contribution of direct oxidation and indirect treatment of E. coli by the hydroxyl radical was similar to the oxidative indirect effect of the generated H(2)O(2). This technology is expensive in operating cost, further research is required to advance the understanding and reduce the operating cost of this technology.
Empirical force‐field assessment: The interplay between backbone torsions and noncovalent term scaling (2005)

The kinetic and thermodynamic aspects of the helix-coil transition in polyalanine-based peptides have been studied at the ensemble level using a distributed computing network. This study builds on a previous report, which critically assessed the performance of several contemporary force fields in reproducing experimental measurements and elucidated the complex nature of helix-coil systems. Here we consider the effects of modifying backbone torsions and the scaling of noncovalent interactions. Although these elements determine the potential of mean force between atoms separated by three covalent bonds (and thus largely determine the local conformational distributions observed in simulation), we demonstrate that the interplay between these factors is both complex and force field dependent. We quantitatively assess the heliophilicity of several helix-stabilizing potentials as well as the changes in heliophilicity resulting from such modifications, which can "make or break" the accuracy of a given force field, and our findings suggests that future force field development may need to better consider effect that vary with peptide length. This report also serves as an example of the utility of distributed computing in analyzing and improving upon contemporary force fields at the level of absolute ensemble equilibrium, the next step in force field development.
A Novel Synthesis of 3-Substituted Furans: Synthesis of Perillen and Dendrolasin (1974)

A novel synthetic method of 3-substituted furans was developed and syntheses of perillen and dendrolasin are described.
The wrist is a reliable body site for personal dosimetry of ultraviolet radiation (2000)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the reliability of measuring solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) doses with personal UV dosimeters worn on the wrist. Individual solar UVR exposure was measured over one day under standardised conditions (One-day Beach Study), and over an extended period of time with varying UV exposure and activities (Holiday Study). Dosimeters of a UV-sensitive spore-film filter type (VioSpor) were placed on the right wrist and on the top of head of the test subjects. The wrist was chosen as being a practical position for personal dosimetry and the head position as an internal control for maximal personal UV doses. The One-day Beach Study took place in the vicinity of Copenhagen in June 1998 over 5 h and included 11 subjects. The Holiday Study included 9 subjects during a period with a mean of 14 days in Scandinavia and Europe from June to September 1998. The head position received the highest UV dose in all subjects in both studies. In both studies, despite considerable individual variation, the mean wrist dose was the same (50%) of that received on the head, although the wrist dose correlated significantly with head dose (P<0.01) only in the Holiday Study. We conclude that the wrist position is a practical and convenient body site for personal dosimetry, yielding reliable results in group exposure studies.
A bit of "Persona", a bit of "Goal", a bit of "Process" ... a recipe for Analyzing User Intensive Software Systems. (2010)

The centrality of users in the design and development of complex systems, such as service-based applications, calls for new methodologies and techniques to extract and represent user needs and to translate them into real processes. In this short paper, we describe the integration of concepts and analysis techniques of different approaches, namely Goal-Oriented Requirements Engineering, User-Centred Design and Process-Oriented Modeling, that are being developed in the context of two projects related to Ambient Assisted Living and Internet of Services.
Comparison of Two Types of Blanket Concepts for a Fast Ignition ICF Reactor FALCON-D (2009)

A Fast ignition Advanced Laser fusion reactor CONcept with a Dry first-wall and a high repetition laser (FALCON-D) has been proposed to investigate the potential of the fast ignitionin the reactor concepts. For the blanket system, two types of blanket concepts, i.e.asolid and a liquid metal breeder types using the reduced activation ferritic steel (F82H) were proposed. In this study, two types of blankets were designed, where the thickness of the blankets was minimized while keeping the net TBR larger than 1.07. One of the blanket concepts for FALCON-D is based on the solid breeder (Li2TiO3) with beryllium (Be) neutron multiplier and water cooling. The second blanket concept is based on liquid metal breeder (Li17Pb83) with water cooling. The maintenance method for FALCON-D is applicable to both blanket types. The net electric power of the solid breeder blanket is 110 MW larger than that of the liquid metal breeder blanket. This is mainly caused by the differences in the neutron energy multiplication. In the case of the liquid metal breeder blanket with water cooling, the net TBR 1.09 is achieved without Be as the neutron multiplier. Such design without Be can remove a risk of accident due to the chemical reaction between beryllium and water. From the economical point of view, the solid breeder blanket with water cooling, which generates a larger electric power, is desirable. On the other hand, if the combination of beryllium and water cooling was not acceptable from a viewpoint of safety, the blanket system with the liquid metal would be another possible option.
Abstract P392: Early Brain Injury and Soluble ST2 After Non-Traumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (2021)

Intro: Early Brain Injury (EBI) after non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a significant mediator of neurological injury, but the injury pathways and markers are not well understood. We hypothesized that the inflammatory mediator soluble ST2 (sST2) is associated with markers of EBI. Methods: We studied two independent cohorts, including 190 SAH patients in a discovery cohort and 50 patients in a replication cohort. Clinical markers of EBI included early loss of consciousness, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score at 24 hours, and neurological deterioration within the first 72 hours (defined as a decrease in GCS ≥ 2 points). Radiographic markers included bicaudate index, clinically significant hydrocephalus requiring external ventricular drainage (EVD), and global cerebral edema. Serial plasma sST2 level was measured at early (3.5 ± 1.2 days post-hemorrhage), intermediate (7.8 ± 1.3 days post-hemorrhage), and late (13 ± 2.3 days post-hemorrhage) time points in the discovery cohort and daily during post-hemorrhage days 1-9 in the replication cohort. In the discovery cohort, the relationship between EBI markers and poor functional outcome (90-day modified Rankin Scale; mRS ≥ 3) was assessed using multivariable logistic regression. The association between sST2 level and EBI markers was evaluated using repeated measures analysis. In the replication cohort, associations were examined using an analysis of response profiles. Results: Clinical and radiographic markers of EBI, except for global edema, were each associated with functional outcome in univariate analysis. Of these EBI markers, independent predictors of poor outcome included 24-hour GCS (OR=5.76, 95% CI 2.31-14.4, p&lt;0.001) and clinically significant hydrocephalus (OR=8.74, 95% CI 2.44-31.3, p=0.001). Elevated sST2 was associated with all markers of EBI except for global edema, and independently predicted poor outcome in a multivariate model that included EBI markers. These findings were further replicated in an independent cohort. Conc: Of the potential clinical and radiographic contributors to EBI, poor 24-hour GCS and clinically significant hydrocephalus remain independent predictors of poor outcome. Furthermore, soluble sST2 level is associated with EBI and poor outcome.
Role of the interferons in CD64 and CD169 expressions in whole blood: Relevance in the balance between viral‐ or bacterial‐oriented immune responses (2020)

The induction of CD169 on monocytes and CD164 on neutrophils by type I and type II IFNs confirms the relevance of these markers for assessing between a viral- vs bacterial-oriented immune response.
In vivo7Li NMR imaging and localized spectroscopy of rat brain (1992)

Lithium-7 in vivo NMR spectroscopy and imaging techniques have been developed at 4.7 T for rat head. The pharmacokinetics of lithium (Li) uptake in rat head has been measured using STEAM localized spectroscopy for the whole brain, which showed relatively rapid uptake of Li and a steady level of Li from about 5 to 20 h. Localized spectroscopy on brain sections revealed no differences in Li concentration among the front, middle, and rear of the brain. The spin-lattice relaxation time showed a single exponential decay for the head. The spin-spin relaxation time for head showed a biexponential behavior. Using a 1H-7Li double coil assembly, 7Li images were generated for rat head, as was the corresponding 1H image for anatomic localization. The 7Li image (7-mm slice thickness, 4-mm in-plane resolution) recorded after the last dose in a multiple ip dose protocol shows the Li distribution in the head and neck. Based on 7Li images, the Li level in muscle was about twice that in the brain. Variations of 7Li intensity level across the brain were typically small.
Enantioselective Synthesis of 1-Aryltetrahydroisoquinolines (2010)

1-Aryltetrahydroisoquinolines (1-arylTHIQs) are important structural motifs in many alkaloids and biologically active compounds. Ligand 2a promotes the enantioselective addition of arylzinc reagents to 3,4-dihydroisoquinoline N-oxide to yield (S)-1-arylTHIQs in 97-99% ee. Pinacol arylboronic esters are the optimal precursors for the arylzinc reagents. This method is applied to the enantioselective synthesis of Solifenacin.
Ultraviolet-induced carcinogenesis in mice treated with silica, trypan blue or pyran copolymer. (1979)

Frank Harper writes to Duse Mohamed about the Progressive Party's position on the negro question. Harper sends a pamphlet that includes a letter written to Julian Harris, Harris's response, Theodore Roosevelt's statement about the negro during his speech at the Progressive Party Convention, and the response of the colored delegates.
Role of Catalyst on Refractive Index Tunability of Porous Silica Antireflective Coatings by Sol−Gel Technique (2007)

Porous silica coatings were prepared by acid- and base-catalyzed sol−gel method. Surface morphology studies by atomic force microscopy showed smooth surface for acid-catalyzed coatings while base catalysis resulted in coarse particle morphology. On increasing the tetraethyl orthosilicate to base molar ratio from 1:1 to 1:3, the mean particle size of the coating shifted from 30 to 100 nm while the pore size varied from 4.7 to 14 nm. Infrared spectral analysis exhibited a change in the ratio of integrated peak intensities of Si−O−Si to Si−OH in acid-and base-catalyzed silica coatings. Textural studies showed an increase in particle size and porosity with base concentration. Optical transmission and surface roughness of base-catalyzed samples were found to be higher than that of acid-catalyzed silica coatings.
De-interlacing of video data (1997)

A new de-interlacing algorithm is proposed, suitable for high-quality flicker-free display of television images, for matrix type of displays, and as a basis for scan-rate conversions. The algorithm applies motion estimation and compensation techniques to achieve a high performance for moving and stationary image parts. This paper provides details of the new algorithm and an evaluation showing the relative performance of the proposal and a set of newly proposed and/or commercially available methods.
Branching Gaussian Processes with Applications to Spatiotemporal\n Reconstruction of 3D Trees (2016)

We propose a robust method for estimating dynamic 3D curvilinear branching\nstructure from monocular images. While 3D reconstruction from images has been\nwidely studied, estimating thin structure has received less attention. This\nproblem becomes more challenging in the presence of camera error, scene motion,\nand a constraint that curves are attached in a branching structure. We propose\na new general-purpose prior, a branching Gaussian processes (BGP), that models\nspatial smoothness and temporal dynamics of curves while enforcing attachment\nbetween them. We apply this prior to fit 3D trees directly to image data, using\nan efficient scheme for approximate inference based on expectation propagation.\nThe BGP prior's Gaussian form allows us to approximately marginalize over 3D\ntrees with a given model structure, enabling principled comparison between tree\nmodels with varying complexity. We test our approach on a novel multi-view\ndataset depicting plants with known 3D structures and topologies undergoing\nsmall nonrigid motion. Our method outperforms a state-of-the-art 3D\nreconstruction method designed for non-moving thin structure. We evaluate under\nseveral common measures, and we propose a new measure for reconstructions of\nbranching multi-part 3D scenes under motion.\n
Empirical Bayes Linear Regression with Unknown Model Order (2007)

We study the maximum a posteriori probability model order selection algorithm for linear regression models, assuming Gaussian distributed noise and coefficient vectors. For the same data model, we also derive the minimum mean-square error coefficient vector estimate. The approaches are denoted BOSS (Bayesian order selection strategy) and BPM (Bayesian parameter estimation method), respectively. Both BOSS and BPM require a priori knowledge on the distribution of the coefficients. However, under the assumption that the coefficient variance profile is smooth, we derive "empirical Bayesian" versions of our algorithms, which require little or no information from the user. We show in numerical examples that the estimators can outperform several classical methods, including the well-known AIC and BIC for order selection.
The Effect of Hypotensive Anesthesia on Hemoglobin Levels during Total Knee Arthroplasty (2020)

Hypotensive epidural anesthesia and the resulting fluid substitution resulted in an average hemoglobin drop of 2.1 g/dL within the first 60 min. This needs to be taken into account when evaluating the need for blood transfusions after primary joint replacement surgery under HEA.
Supplementary Data from Identification of Differentially Methylated Genes in Normal Prostate Tissues from African American and Caucasian Men (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S1 and Supplementary Table S1.&lt;/p&gt;