gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DC electrical conductivity and rate of ammonia vapour-sensing performance of synthetic polypyrrole–zirconium(IV) phosphate cation exchange nanocomposite (2017)

Electrically conductive polypyrrole–zirconium(IV) phosphate (PPy–ZrP) cation exchange nanocomposites have been synthesized for the first time by in situ chemical oxidative polymerization of pyrrole in the presence of zirconium(IV) phosphate (ZrP). Fourier Transform Infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X–ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, differential thermal analysis, derivative thermogravimetry and elemental analysis were used to characterize PPy–ZrP cation exchange nanocomposite. The composite showed good ion-exchange capacity (1.60 meq g−1), DC electrical conductivity (0.33 S cm−1) and isothermal stability in terms of DC electrical conductivity retention under ambient condition up to 100 °C. PPy–ZrP cation exchangenanocomposite-based sensor was fabricated for the detection of ammonia vapours of aqueous ammonia. The resistivity of the nanocomposites increases on exposure to high-concentration ammonia vapours at room temperature (25 °C). The rate of reaction for ammonia vapour-sensing on PPy–ZrP was observed as second order.
Effect of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Infection on the Histocompatibility Antigen of L Cells (1972)

When mouse L cells are infected for 22 hr with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), a ribonucleic acid-containing enveloped virus, greater than 70% of the major histocompatibility antigen (H-2), is no longer detectable by the method of inhibition of immune cytolysis. Infected cells prelabeled with (14)C-glucosamine also show a correspondingly greater loss of trichloroacetic acid-insoluble radioactivity than uninfected cells. The loss of H-2 antigenic activity is not due to the viral inhibition of host cell protein synthesis since cells cultured for 18 hr in the presence of cycloheximide have the same amount of H-2 activity as untreated controls. Also, cells infected with encephalomyocarditis virus, a picornavirus, show no loss of H-2 activity at a time when host cell protein synthesis is completely inhibited. VSV structural proteins associated in vitro with uninfected L-cell plasma membranes do not render H-2 sites inaccessible to the assay. Although antibodies may not combine with all the H-2 antigenic sites on the plasma membrane, anti-H-2 serum reacted with L cells before infection does not prevent a normal infection with VSV. H-2 activity can be detected in virus samples purified from the medium of infected L cells; this virus purified after being mixed with L-cell homogenates shows greater H-2 activity than virus purified after being mixed with HeLa cell homogenates. However, VSV made in HeLa cells shows no H-2 activity when mixed with L-cell homogenates.
Efficient flooding with passive clustering - An overhead-free selective forward mechanism for ad hoc/sensor networks (2003)

High capacity real-time data communications in sensor networks usually require multihop routing and ad hoc routing protocols. Unfortunately, ad hoc routing protocols usually do not scale well and cannot handle dense situations efficiently. These two issues-scalability and density-are the major limitations when we apply ad hoc routing schemes to sensor networks. Passive clustering (PC) classifies ad hoc/sensor nodes into critical and noncritical nodes without any extra transmission. By 2-b piggybacking and monitoring user traffic (e.g., data polling requests from a sink), PC deploys the clustering structure "for free". Moreover, PC makes even the first flooding as efficient as all subsequent floodings (i.e., no initialization overhead). PC introduces many benefits, including efficient flooding and density adaptation. As a result, PC reduces control overhead of ad hoc routing protocols significantly and, as a consequence, enables ad hoc routing in large, dense sensor networks. The resulting structure can be utilized in cluster-based ad hoc network/sensor networking as well as for active node selection.
STAT3 as a Therapeutic Target for the Treatment of Glioblastoma Multiforme (2014)

The STAT3 transcription factor is a central mediator of tumor growth and immune suppression. As a transcription factor, STAT3 promotes the expression of genes that allow tumor cells to proliferate, migrate and evade apoptosis. Activation of STAT3 in tumor infiltrating immune cells has also been demonstrated to be responsible for their immune-suppressive phenotype. As such, STAT3 is an attractive target for cancer therapy. In these set of studies, we evaluated the inhibition of STAT3 as a means of inducing tumor regression in mouse models of brain cancer. Inhibition of STAT3 was achieved using shRNA-mediated knockdown or small molecules (CPA-7, WP1066, or ML116) and was associated with an induction of growth arrest in glioma cells with a concomitant induction of apoptosis. Moreover, the targeting specificity of the small molecules appeared to be highly dependent on the cell line and drug concentration utilized in the assay. In addition to the in vitro studies, we evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of these compounds using peripheral and intracranial mouse glioma and melanoma models. Of these compounds CPA-7 appeared to be the most effective at inducing the regression of peripheral tumors. Furthermore, therapeutic efficacy of CPA-7 was not evident in intracranial tumors, as our data indicated limited diffusion into the CNS as a consequence of the blood-brain barrier.In addition, we evaluated whether DC-based immunotherapies would benefit from STAT3 suppression. Using a conditional hematopoietic knockout mouse model, we assessed the impact of STAT3 deletion on the differentiation and function of dendritic cells from bone marrow precursors. Our results indicated the following pleiotropic functions of STAT3: hematopoietic cells that lacked STAT3 were unresponsive to Flt3L and failed to differentiate as DCs. In contrast, STAT3 was not required for GM-CSF induced DC differentiation. However, STAT3 null GM-CSF derived DCs did express higher levels of MHC-II, IL-12p70, IL-10, and TNFα upon TLR stimulation. STAT3 deficient DCs were also better at presenting antigen to naïve T cells. While STAT3 deficient DCs displayed an enhanced activation phenotype in culture, they elicited an equivalent therapeutic response in vivo compared to their wild type counterparts when utilized as vaccines for mice bearing intracranial gliomas.
Phenothiazine Inhibitors of Trypanothione Reductase as Potential Antitrypanosomal and Antileishmanial Drugs (1998)

Given the role of trypanothione in the redox defenses of pathogenic trypanosomal and leishmanial parasites, in contrast to glutathione for their mammalian hosts, selective inhibitors of trypanothione reductase are potential drug leads against trypanosomiasis and leishmaniasis. In the present study, the rational drug design approach was used to discover tricyclic neuroleptic molecular frameworks as lead structures for the development of inhibitors, selective for trypanothione reductase over host glutathione reductase. From a homology-modeled structure for trypanothione reductase, replaced in the later stages of the study by the X-ray coordinates for the enzyme from Crithidia fasciculata, a series of inhibitors based on phenothiazine was designed. These were shown to be reversible inhibitors of trypanothione reductase from Trypanosoma cruzi, linearly competitive with trypanothione as substrate and noncompetitive with NADPH, consistent with ping-pong bi bi kinetics. Analogues, synthesized to define structure-activity relationships for the active site, included N-acylpromazines, 2-substituted phenothiazines, and trisubstituted promazines. Analysis of Ki and I50 data, on the basis of calculated log P and molar refractivity values, provided evidence of a specially favored fit of small 2-substituents (especially 2-chloro and 2-trifluoromethyl), with a remote hydrophobic patch on the enzyme accessible for larger, hydrophobic 2-substituents. There was also evidence of an additional hydrophobic enzymic region available to suitable N-substituents of the promazine nucleus. Ki data also indicated that the phenothiazine nucleus can adopt more than one inhibitory orientation in its binding site. Selected compounds were tested for in vitro activity against Trypanosoma brucei, T. cruzi, and Leishmania donovani, with selective activities in the micromolar range being determined for a number of them.
Characterization of Pantothenate Kinase (panK) from Streptomyces peucetius ATCC 27952 (2009)

Pantothenate kinase (PanK) catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of the essential and ubiquitous cofactor coenzyme A (CoA) in all organisms. Here, we report the cloning and characterization of panK from Streptomyces peucetius ATCC 27952. The gene encoded aprotein of 332 amino acid with a calculated molecular size of 33.2 kDa, which share high homology with panK from S. coelicolor A3(2). To elucidate the putative function of panK, it was cloned into pET- 32a(+) to construct pPKSP32a expression recombinant plasmids. Expression was carried out using E. coli BL21 (DE3) expression host with His-tag fusion protein and enzyme assay was carried out based on coupling assay. Assay was performed with different concentration of pantothenate to assess the phosphorylating activity of panK with varying substrate concentration at different time
Interplay of electron and phonon channels in the refrigeration through molecular junctions (2022)

Due to their structured density of states, molecular junctions provide rich resources to filter and control the flow of electrons and phonons. Here we compute the out of equilibrium current-voltage characteristics and dissipated heat of some recently synthesized oligophenylenes (OPE3) using the Density Functional based Tight-Binding (DFTB) method within Non-Equilibrium Green's Function Theory (NEGF). We analyze the Peltier cooling power for these molecular junctions as function of a bias voltage and investigate the parameters that lead to optimal cooling performance. In order to quantify the attainable temperature reduction, an electro-thermal circuit model is presented, in which the key electronic and thermal transport parameters enter. Overall, our results demonstrate that the studied OPE3 devices are compatible with temperature reductions of several K. Based on the results, some strategies to enable high performance devices for cooling applications are briefly discussed.
Wireless Sensor Network Localization Problem by Hybridized Moth Search Algorithm (2018)

Wireless sensor networks are widely used and consequently represent an important research field. The objective of the node localization problem, that belongs to the group of NP-hard tasks, is to find geographical coordinates of each sensor node with unknown position that are randomly deployed in the monitoring area. Such hard optimization problems are successfully solved by the swarm intelligence algorithms. This paper presents hybridized recent swarm intelligence moth search algorithm adapted for solving localization problem in wireless sensor networks. The application of the moth search algorithm for node localization problem was not found in the literature survey. In the experimental section of this paper we show comparative analysis between the original and hybridized moth search algorithm, as well as with other state-of-the-art algorithms that were tested on the same problem instances of node localization problem. According to experimental results, both, basic moth search and hybridized moth search algorithms are promising approaches for dealing with this kind of problem.
Growth Factor Responses and Protooncogene Expression of Murine Mesothelial Cell Lines Derived from Asbestos-Induced Mesotheliomas (1997)

Repeated intraperitoneal injections of crocidolite asbestos fibers induced diffuse malignant mesotheliomas in mice. A series of mesothelial cell lines was isolated from mice at different stages in the development of these tumors. The cell lines isolated from mice with mesotheliomas recapitulated their growth pattern in vivo and were tumorigenic when reinjected into syngeneic mice. Similar to human mesothelial cells, growth of the murine cell lines was stimulated by epidermal growth factor. Reactive mesothelial cells and mesotheliomas expressed the receptor for this growth factor. Crocidolite asbestos fibers have been reported to induce sustained expression of the c-fos and c-jun protooncogenes in rat pleural mesothelial cells in vitro (Heintz et al, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90: 3299-303, 1993). Human malignant mesotheliomas have been shown to express c-fos in situ (Ramael et al, Histol. Histopathol. 10: 639-643, 1995). Two of the cell lines derived from highly invasive murine mesotheliomas overexpressed c-fos and c-jun. This murine model recapitulates the histopathology, growth factor responses, and protooncogene expression of human malignant mesotheliomas.
Reducing feature models to improve runtime adaptivity on resource limited devices (2012)

Mobile devices like smartphones are getting increasingly important in our daily lifes. They are used in various environments and have to dynamically adapt themselves accordingly in order to provide an optimal runtime behavior. Naturally, adapting to continuously changing environmental conditions is a challenging task because mobile devices are always limited in their resources and have to adapt in real-time. In this paper, we introduce an approach that enables resource limited devices to adapt to changing conditions using dynamic software product lines techniques. Therefore, feature models are reduced to a specific hardware context before installing the adaptive mobile application on the device. This reduces the amount of possible configurations that are compatible with the device and, thereby, minimizes the costs and the duration of an adaptation during runtime.
Synthesis and characterization of bioactive conjugated near-infrared fluorescent proteinoid-poly(L-lactic acid) hollow nanoparticles for optical detection of colon cancer (2014)

Colon cancer is one of the major causes of death in the Western world. Early detection significantly improves long-term survival for patients with colon cancer. Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent nanoparticles are promising candidates for use as contrast agents for tumor detection. Using NIR offers several advantages for bioimaging compared with fluorescence in the visible spectrum: lower autofluorescence of biological tissues and lower absorbance and, consequently, deeper penetration into biomatrices. The present study describes the preparation of new NIR fluorescent proteinoid-poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) nanoparticles. For this purpose, a P(EF-PLLA) random copolymer was prepared by thermal copolymerization of L-glutamic acid (E) with L-phenylalanine (F) and PLLA. Under suitable conditions, this proteinoid-PLLA copolymer can self-assemble to nanosized hollow particles of relatively narrow size distribution. This self-assembly process was used for encapsulation of the NIR dye indocyanine green. The encapsulation process increases significantly the photostability of the dye. These NIR fluorescent nanoparticles were found to be stable and nontoxic. Leakage of the NIR dye from these nanoparticles into phosphate-buffered saline containing 4% human serum albumin was not detected. Tumor-targeting ligands such as peanut agglutinin and anticarcinoembryonic antigen antibodies were covalently conjugated to the surface of the NIR fluorescent P(EF-PLLA) nanoparticles, thereby increasing the fluorescent signal of tumors with upregulated corresponding receptors. Specific colon tumor detection by the NIR fluorescent P(EF-PLLA) nanoparticles was demonstrated in a chicken embryo model. In future work, we plan to extend this study to a mouse model, as well as to encapsulate a cancer drug such as doxorubicin within these nanoparticles for therapeutic applications.
The Growth Hormone Cascade and Its Role in Mammalian Growth (2009)

The myriad actions of growth hormone (GH) are still incompletely understood, despite decades of research. Although it is a major regulator of post-natal growth in mammals, much of its effects on skeletal growth are recognized to be mediated indirectly, through the stimulation of production of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, as well as some of the major serum carrier proteins for IGF-I and -II, such as IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) and the acid-labile subunit (ALS). The regulation of IGF-I production by GH appears to be mediated entirely by signalling through the Janus kinase (JAK) 2 pathway, via the phosphorylation of the transcription factor, signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 5b. GH also signals, however, through additional pathways that are likely to be critical to the metabolic actions of GH.
A computer vision system for the characterization and classification of flames in glass furnaces (1993)

A computer vision system for dealing with both flame analysis and classification problems is described. The vision system performs classification tasks, assigning each visualized flame to a previously established class of flames. Each flame class corresponds to a specific operating point of the furnace, and this information can be useful not only for monitoring purposes but also for purposes controlling the whole furnace. Two different classifiers were designed and compared. One exploits a Bayesian formulation, and the other is based on neural networks. They system was first tested in a laboratory environment, where different operating conditions were created through the variation of the burners geometry, the number of active burners, and the rate of fuel used. In a second stage, the vision system was tested in an industrial environment. The results obtained are presented and discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Propulsion powered electric guns-a comparison of power system architectures (1993)

Alternative power system architectures and interface technologies for driving high-energy pulsed loads from the propulsion equipment of naval surface combatants are compared. Gas turbine mechanical and gas turbine integrated electric drive propulsion trains are considered as prime power sources. Focus is on the energy path between the ship's prime power and the pulsed load, comparing system candidates on a size, weight, and component cost basis. A capacitor-based pulse forming network (PFN) supplying an electrothermal chemical gun is utilized as the common load for all configurations. Results indicate that dedicated auxiliary generators driven from propulsion gas turbine engines are the preferred method of powering electric gun PFNs from ship drive-train equipment. Auxiliary generator-based systems are compact and lightweight over a wide power range, are equally attractive with both electric and mechanical drive trains, and demonstrate retrofit potential to the current fleet.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Time-Dependent Fluorescence Depolarization Analysis in Three-Dimensional Microspectroscopy (1995)

Three-dimensional space- and time-resolved fluorescence depolarization spectroscopy has been developed for elucidating picosecond rotational relaxation processes occurring in micrometer-sized volumes. Anisotropy decays are obtained by a new analytical method which is adapted to the large-solid-angle characteristic of the microscope optics. System parameters introduced in this method were determined by measuring a reference sample. The fluorescence dynamics of p-terphenyl in a thin liquid layer was analyzed as a demonstration experiment.
Materiomics (2013)

This complete, yet concise, guide introduces you to the rapidly developing field of high throughput screening of biomaterials: materiomics. Bringing together the key concepts and methodologies used to determine biomaterial properties, you will understand the adaptation and application of materomics in areas such as rapid prototyping, lithography and combinatorial chemistry. Each chapter is written by internationally renowned experts, and includes tutorial paragraphs on topics such as biomaterial-banking, imaging, assay development, translational aspects, and informatics. Case studies of state-of-the-art experiments provide illustrative examples, whilst lists of key publications allow you to easily read up on the most relevant background material. Whether you are a professional scientist in industry, a student or a researcher, this book is not to be missed if you are interested in the latest developments in biomaterials research.
Segmental and Local Chain Mobilities in Elastomers by 13C−H Residual Heteronuclear Dipolar Couplings (2004)

Site-selective information about local segmental motions of individual CHn fragments can be obtained by the determination of 13C−1H heteronuclear dipolar couplings. A systematical study was performed by measuring heteronuclear residual dipolar couplings of natural rubber samples with different cross-link densities using static and MAS solid-state NMR techniques such as SEDOR (spin-echo double resonance), REDOR (rotational-echo double resonance) and heteronuclear double-quantum (HeDQ) buildup curves. Even under static conditions, all five CHn fragments of the monomer unit can be separated. 13C−1H residual dipolar couplings and scaled average order parameters extracted from the different experiments show a linear correlation with the cross-link density. However, the residual dipolar couplings are also dependent on the individual functional group. In other words, the local rotational motions of the functional groups are superimposed on the segmental motions of the chain segment and have to be taken into account in the prediction of the dynamic order parameter. From our analysis, the REDOR experiment gives the most reliable results and shows the largest dependence on the cross-link density. Because of the small residual dipolar couplings, the heteronuclear J-coupling cannot be neglected in the analysis of the experimental data. The described methods can also offer site-selective information for soft solids with even larger values of the cross-link density than those investigated in this study.
Scope of Practice Comparison: A Tool for Curriculum Decision Making (2006)

The proportion of claims filed for specific dental procedures (ADA codes # 05110, 05120, 03320, 03330, 04260, 02150) between January 1, 2000 and June 30, 2004 by Texas general practitioners participating in a preferred provider network was compared to the proportion of these procedures performed by students graduating from the three Texas dental schools during the same period. Analysis of the data revealed that Texas dental students provide class two amalgam restorations in permanent teeth (02150) at approximately the same frequency as Texas general practitioners. Both groups provide periodontal osseous surgery (04260) at an extremely low frequency (<0.02% of total procedures). Bicuspid endodontic procedures (03320) were performed at a slightly higher frequency by students (0.43% of all procedures) than by general practitioners (0.36% of all procedures), and molar endodontic procedures (03330) were performed at a slightly higher frequency by general practitioners (0.65%) than by students (0.36%). Significant discrepancies between the groups were noted for the two complete denture procedures (05110, 05120). Students provided these procedures at frequencies fifteen times (05110) and twenty-five times (05120) greater than general practitioners. Dental schools should use data provided by scope of practice analyses to help determine an appropriate breadth and depth for their educational programs.