gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ON DIVISION AND RECIPROCAL CACHES (1995)

Floating-point division is generally regarded as a high latency operation in typical floating-point applications. Many techniques exist for increasing division performance, often at the cost of increasing either chip area, cycle time, or both. This paper presents two methods for decreasing the latency of division. Using applications from the SPECfp92 and NAS benchmark suites, these methods are evaluated to determine their effects on overall system performance. The notion of recurring computation is presented, and it is shown how recurring division can be exploited using an additional, dedicated division cache. Additionally, for multiplication-based division algorithms, reciprocal caches can be utilized to store recurring reciprocals. Due to the similarity between the algorithms typically used to compute division and square root, the performance of square root caches is also investigated. Results show that reciprocal caches can achieve nearly a 2X reduction in effective division latency...
A fast and robust vision based road following algorithm (2002)

This article presents a fast and robust method designed to detect and track a road lane from images provided by an on-board monocular monochromatic camera. The detection method is based upon a model driven algorithms. It uses a statistical model of the lane which permits to manage the occlusions or imperfections of road marking. This model is obtained by an off-line training phase. The detections are made in optimal interest zones deduced from the model. The tracking process permits to locate the vehicle on its lane and gives the confidence interval of the roadside for the next image. The method has been applied both on marked and unmarked roads images. The results obtained on image sequences of real road scenes show the robustness and precision of the proposed approach.
Carbon Nanotube Interconnects for End-of-Roadmap Semiconductor Technology Nodes (2016)

Advances in semiconductor technology due to aggressive downward scaling of on-chip feature sizes have led to rapid rises in resistivity and current density of interconnect conductors. As a result, current interconnect materials, Cu and W, are subject to performance and reliability constraints approaching or exceeding their physical limits. Therefore, alternative materials such as nanocarbons, metal silicides, and Ag nanowires are actively considered as potential replacements to meet such constraints. Among nanocarbons, carbon nanotube (CNT) is among the leading replacement candidate for on-chip interconnect vias due to its high aspect-ratio nanostructure and superior currentcarrying capacity to those of Cu, W, and other potential candidates. However, contact resistance of CNT with metal is a major bottleneck in device functionalization. To meet the challenge posed by contact resistance, several techniques are designed and implemented. First, the via fabrication and CNT growth processes are developed to increase the CNT packing density inside via and to ensure no CNT growth on via sidewalls. CNT vias with cross-sections down to 40 nm  40 nm are fabricated, which have linewidths similar to those used for on-chip interconnects in current integrated circuit manufacturing technology nodes. Then the via top contact is metallized to increase the total CNT area interfacing with the contact metal and to improve the contact quality and reproducibility. Current-voltage characteristics of individual fabricated CNT vias are measured using a nanoprober and contact resistance is extracted with a first-reported contact resistance extraction scheme for 40 nm linewidth. Based on results for 40 nm and 60 nm top-contact metallized CNT vias, we demonstrate that not only are their current-carrying capacities two orders of magnitude higher than their Cu and W counterparts, they are enhanced by reduced via resistance due to contact engineering. While the current-carrying capacities well exceed those projected for end-of-roadmap technology nodes, the via resistances remain a challenge to replace Cu and W, though our results suggest that further innovations in contact engineering could begin to overcome such challenge.
Commercial Law Infrastructure for the Age of Information, 16 J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. L. 255 (1998) (1998)

The Uniform Commercial Code is a product of business practices and social change. During the last two decades, the United States has transformed from an agrarian economy into an industrial power. Recently, the United States has transformed again into a post-industrial society predicated upon the copyright industries. Article 2 of the U.C.C. was drafted more than fifty years ago before the rise of the software industry and the Internet. The proposed Article 2B of the U.C.C. will recognize the new copyright industries and provide a commercial law tailored for the transfer of data, text and other forms of information. The United States economy now centers on information content and services, which will be affected by the proposed Article 2B. Article 2B may emerge as the most significant law reform of this century by providing a legal infrastructure for the age of information. If enacted, Article 2B will provide uniform legal rules for the core of our information economy. Article 2B will cover films, entertainment and software which are "either the largest sector of the modern economy or the second largest." Article 2B is a significant reform of the law that will encourage further expansion of online licenses, access-contracts and other innovative commercial practices in the age of information. The adoption of the proposed Article 2B will modernize and bring greater certainty to the information law that governs the transfer of rights in information.
Chlorin e6 131:152‐Anhydride: A Key Intermediate in Conjugation Reactions of Chlorin e6 (2015)

Since the patent for the photodynamic therapy agent Talaporfin (mono-<i>L</i>-aspartylchlorin e<sub>6</sub>) was issued in 1987, confusion has existed regarding which of the three carboxylic acid groups in the chlorophyll degradation product, chlorin e<sub>6</sub> (<b>1</b>), is modified in standard amino acid type conjugations (using DCC or EDC and an organic base) with amino acids and other biomolecules. Here it is shown that the site of conjugation is the central 15<sup>2</sup>-carboxylic acid, such reactions proceeding in numerous examples via a 13<sup>1</sup>,15<sup>2</sup>-anhydride for which a high resolution X-ray structure is reported. Conjugation with eight oxygen and nitrogen nucleophiles, in every case, afforded the 15<sup>2</sup>-conjugate, reinforcing the earlier conclusion that Talaporfin is the 15<sup>2</sup>-aspartyl conjugate of chlorin e<sub>6</sub> and suggesting that reports of 17<sup>3</sup>-conjugation of chlorin e<sub>6</sub> using stoichiometric peptide coupling procedures should be subjected to further scrutiny.
Experimental study of leakage-delay trade-off in Germanium pMOSFETs for logic circuits (2010)

In this work we explore the potential of the emerging Germanium technology for logic circuits. We introduce an innovative methodology that extracts the main circuit parameters of interest from experimental measurements on 125 nm high k metal gate Ge pMOSFETs in a Si compatible process flow. Appropriate figures of merit are adopted to highlight the potential of Germanium MOSFETs under realistic VLSI designs that fully exploit system level schemes to minimize leakage (e.g., body biasing, stack forcing). On the one hand, Ge devices outperform Si devices in terms of speed due to the higher hole mobility. On the other hand, the higher off state drain current, evaluated ignoring the junction leakage, in Ge pMOSFETs causes an higher standby power dissipation. We show how this drawback can be alleviated by the application of back biasing and stack effect techniques which are intrinsically more effective in Ge devices. In addition, analysis shows that Ge circuits can actually exhibit a 6.4X lower leakage than Si devices, if the threshold voltage is tuned to match the speed of Si devices.
Strigolactone Hormones and Their Stereoisomers Signal through Two Related Receptor Proteins to Induce Different Physiological Responses in Arabidopsis (2014)

Two α/β-fold hydrolases, KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE2 (KAI2) and Arabidopsis thaliana DWARF14 (AtD14), are necessary for responses to karrikins (KARs) and strigolactones (SLs) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Although KAI2 mediates responses to KARs and some SL analogs, AtD14 mediates SL but not KAR responses. To further determine the specificity of these proteins, we assessed the ability of naturally occurring deoxystrigolactones to inhibit Arabidopsis hypocotyl elongation, regulate seedling gene expression, suppress outgrowth of secondary inflorescences, and promote seed germination. Neither 5-deoxystrigol nor 4-deoxyorobanchol was active in KAI2-dependent seed germination or hypocotyl elongation, but both were active in AtD14-dependent hypocotyl elongation and secondary shoot growth. However, the nonnatural enantiomer of 5-deoxystrigol was active through KAI2 in growth and gene expression assays. We found that the four stereoisomers of the SL analog GR24 had similar activities to their deoxystrigolactone counterparts. The results suggest that AtD14 and KAI2 exhibit selectivity to the butenolide D ring in the 2'R and 2'S configurations, respectively. However, we found, for nitrile-debranone (CN-debranone, a simple SL analog), that the 2'R configuration is inactive but that the 2'S configuration is active through both AtD14 and KAI2. Our results support the conclusion that KAI2-dependent signaling does not respond to canonical SLs. Furthermore, racemic mixtures of chemically synthesized SLs and their analogs, such as GR24, should be used with caution because they can activate responses that are not specific to naturally occurring SLs. In contrast, the use of specific stereoisomers might provide valuable information about the specific perception systems operating in different plant tissues, parasitic weed seeds, and arbuscular mycorrhizae.
A rapid analysis method for production line design (2006)

Many highly accurate computer tools have been developed for production line design, such as simulation of assembly processes and virtual reality techniques, but these tools require much input information and are generally utilized only in detailed design stages. This paper proposes a rapid analysis method for manual assembly line design, which can be utilized in the conceptual design stage. This method is based on a layout tool with which design engineers can construct assembly line models using 2- and 3-D views, and then employ design evaluation techniques for numerous important criteria such as volume flexibility, and visibility, using the layout data. Spatial evaluation and quantitative efficiency analyses can be simultaneously performed, which enhance collaborative decision-making in the conceptual design stage. This method is applied to an assembly line design for an automobile air-conditioner part as a case study, illustrating the efficiency of utilization in the conceptual design stage that the proposed method provides.
Continuous finite-time stabilization of the translational and rotational double integrators (1998)

A class of bounded continuous time-invariant finite-time stabilizing feedback laws is given for the double integrator. Lyapunov theory is used to prove finite-time convergence. For the rotational double integrator, these controllers are modified to obtain finite-time-stabilizing feedback that avoid "unwinding".
Laser catheter ablation of atrial flutter and of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia in a single session (1994)

This report describes an adolescent with refractory atrial flutter (AF) and atrioventricular (AV) nodal reentrant tachycardia who was cured by Nd: YAG, 1064 nm, laser application. Two impacts of 30 s each (power 30 W and irradiated spot diameter 2.0-2.5 mm), applied via a novel laser catheter system, abolished both AF and AV nodal reentrant tachycardia. The procedure was without complications or recurrent arrhythmias.
Novel Features ofSr1−xCaxTiO3Phase Diagram: Evidence for Competing Antiferroelectric and Ferroelectric Interactions (2000)

Structural and dielectric evidences are advanced to show that the Sr1-xCaxTiO3 (SCT) system undergoes an antiferroelectric (AFE) phase transition in the composition range 0.18</=x</=0.40. Stabilization of the AFE phase, instead of the ferroelectric (FE) phase known for 0<x<0.12, is shown to be intimately linked with the nonpolar antiferrodistortive phase transitions driven by the R and M point instabilities preceding the AFE transition. It is proposed that the disorder and frustration introduced by CaTiO3 substitution in the incipient FE matrix of SrTiO3 leads to the smearing of the varepsilon(')(T) response in SCT for 0.002<x<0.12 akin to dipole glasses and relaxor ferroelectrics.
Bioinspired Tuning of Hydrogel Permeability-Rigidity Dependency for 3D Cell Culture (2015)

Hydrogels are being extensively used for three-dimensional immobilization and culture of cells in fundamental biological studies, biochemical processes, and clinical treatments. However, it is still a challenge to support viability and regulate phenotypic activities of cells in a structurally stable gel, because the gel becomes less permeable with increasing rigidity. To resolve this challenge, this study demonstrates a unique method to enhance the permeability of a cell-laden hydrogel while avoiding a significant change in rigidity of the gel. Inspired by the grooved skin textures of marine organisms, a hydrogel is assembled to present computationally optimized micro-sized grooves on the surface. Separately, a gel is engineered to preset aligned microchannels similar to a plant's vascular bundles through a uniaxial freeze-drying process. The resulting gel displays significantly increased water diffusivity with reduced changes of gel stiffness, exclusively when the microgrooves and microchannels are aligned together. No significant enhancement of rehydration is achieved when the microgrooves and microchannels are not aligned. Such material design greatly enhances viability and neural differentiation of stem cells and 3D neural network formation within the gel.
Irinotecan, cisplatin/carboplatin, and COX-2 inhibition in small-cell lung cancer. (2003)

Recent findings indicate significant prolongation of survival and time to disease progression with irinotecan (CPT-11, Camptosar)/cisplatin vs etoposide/cisplatin in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer, and a larger-scale phase III trial has been planned to provide more definitive data on the benefits of the irinotecan/cisplatin combination in this setting. Early-phase studies indicate that the activity of carboplatin (Paraplatin) in small-cell lung cancer is comparable to that of cisplatin, and that combining irinotecan on a day 1 and 8 schedule with split-dose carboplatin is feasible. Inhibition of the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme, which is active in tumorigenesis, may augment efficacy and reduce toxicity of platinum/irinotecan combinations. A phase II trial has been designed to compare irinotecan/carboplatin and irinotecan/cisplatin combinations with or without the COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib (Celebrex) in patients with extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer. Results of these trials will help define the roles of platinum/irinotecan combinations and COX-2 inhibition in treatment for small-cell lung cancer.
Eigen-disfigurement model for simulating plausible facial disfigurement after reconstructive surgery (2015)

The modeling technique of this study is able to capture facial disfigurements and its simulation represents plausible outcomes of reconstructive surgery for facial cancers. Thus, our technique can be used to study human perception on facial disfigurement.
CRISPR/Cas9-mediated in vivo gene targeting corrects hemostasis in newborn and adult factor IX–knockout mice (2019)

Many genetic diseases, including hemophilia, require long-term therapeutic effects. Despite the initial success of liver-directed adeno-associated virus (AAV) gene therapy for hemophilia in clinical trials, long-term sustained therapeutic effects have yet to be seen. One explanation for the gradual decline of efficacy over time is that the nonintegrating AAV vector genome could be lost during cell division during hepatocyte turnover, albeit at a slow pace in adults. Readministering the same vector is challenging as a result of the AAV-neutralizing antibodies elicited by the initial treatment. Here, we investigated the use of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9-mediated homology-directed gene targeting for sustained treatment of hemophilia B. We developed a donor vector containing a promoterless partial human factor IX (FIX) complementary DNA carrying the hyperactive FIX Padua mutation. A single injection of dual AAV vectors in newborn and adult FIX-knockout (FIX-KO) mice led to stable expression of FIX at or above the normal levels for 8 months. Eight weeks after the vector treatment, we subjected a subgroup of newborn and adult treated FIX-KO mice to a two-thirds partial hepatectomy; all of these animals survived the procedure without any complications or interventions. FIX levels persisted at similar levels for 24 weeks after partial hepatectomy, indicating stable genomic targeting. Our results lend support for the use of a CRISPR/Cas9 approach to achieve lifelong expression of therapeutic proteins.
A Randomized Trial of Intrapartum Versus Immediate Postpartum Treatment of Women With Intra-Amniotic Infection (1988)

A randomized trial of intrapartum versus postpartum antibiotic treatment of women with intra-amniotic infection was conducted. Intra-amniotic infection was treated with ampicillin and gentamicin during labor (at the time of diagnosis) in 26 women and immediately after umbilical cord clamping in 19 women. Intrapartum treatment led to a lower incidence of neonatal sepsis (0 versus 21%; P = .03) and a shorter neonatal hospital stay (3.8 versus 5.7 days; P = .02) when compared with postpartum treatment. There were no significant differences in the microbiologic results, the gestational age, or the birth weight between the groups. Intrapartum-treated mothers had a shorter mean postpartum stay, a lower mean number of febrile days, and a lower mean peak postpartum temperature than did postpartum-treated mothers; these differences were all statistically significant (P = .05). The treatment of clinical intra-amniotic infection during labor results in improved outcome.
Abstract TMP10: Real-World Analysis of Endovascular Stroke Therapy Outcomes for Patients With Large Vessel Occlusions After Inter-Hospital Transfer (2020)

Introduction: Prior studies suggest that patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO) who undergo endovascular stroke therapy (EST) after inter-hospital transfer (IHT) have worse outcomes than those who present directly to EST centers. However, these studies were largely derived from clinical trials or registries and may not be representative of real-world clinical practice. Methods: We performed a multicenter, observational cohort study on acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients with LVO that presented to EST-capable centers directly (LVO-D) or after IHT (LVO-T) between 1/1/2018 to 2/1/2019. The study included 11 hospitals in the Houston area, of which 4 are EST-capable. Clinical data were collected using our cerebrovascular data registry. All transfers were from non-EST capable hospitals to EST-capable hospitals. Logistic regression adjusted for age, NIHSS, occlusion location and direct vs transfer arrival was used to assess the likelihood of good outcome, defined as discharge to home or rehabilitation. Results are given as median [IQR] and OR [95% CI]. Results: Among 4,313 patients with AIS, 772 (18%) patients had LVO. Among LVO patients, median age was 68 [59-79], 47% were female, 51% were white, 378 (49%) were LVO-D and 394 (51%) were LVO-T. Median IHT time was 152 min [114-198]. LVO-D patients arrived at EST-treating hospitals with superior ASPECTS compared to LVO-T (9 [7-10] vs 7 [6-9], p&lt;0.0001), but comparable CTP RAPID infarct cores (5 mL [0-31] vs 7 mL [0-38], p=0.59). LVO-D and LVO-T patients were just as likely to have ICA occlusions (13% vs 12%; p=.64) and proceeded to have equivalent rates of EST (43% vs 47%, p=0.95). Among LVO patients who did not receive EST, good discharge outcomes were comparable (34% vs. 35%, p=0.66, LVO-D vs. LVO-T). Good discharge outcomes were also similar for those receiving EST (34% vs. 37%, p=0.57, LVO-D vs. LVO-T). In logistic regression adjusted for age, NIHSS, and occlusion location, likelihood of good discharge outcome was comparable between the two groups (OR 0.98 [0.71-1.36]). Conclusion: In this real-world cohort of a multi-center stroke network, IHT was not associated with worse outcomes for patients with LVO, for both patients who did receive EST and those that did not.
High Performance Al Ga As/GaAs HBT's (2000)

AlGaAs emitter heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBT's) are demonstrated to have excellent dc and RF prop- erties comparable to InGaP/GaAs HBT's by increasing the Al composition. Al Ga As/GaAs HBT's exhibit very high dc current gain at all bias levels, exceeding 140 at 25 A/cm and reaching a maximum of 210 at 26 kA/cm ( m m, ). The temperature dependence of the peak dc current gain is also significantly improved by increasing the AlGaAs mole fraction of the emitter. Device analysis suggests that a larger emitter energy-gap contributes to the improved device performance by both lowering space charge recombination and increasing the barrier to reverse hole injection.
Importance of open source contributions within the educational process (2013)

Contributions to Open Source projects make an important difference in the educational process. By studying the underlying architecture of an Open Source application, students can significantly improve their technical knowledge and, also, contribute to the evolution of the project. Our research relies on an extra-curricular course that aims to speed up the process of the first upstream contribution. In this paper we highlight the impact of the course on the professional background and career path of admitted students.
Fast Facial emotion recognition Using Convolutional Neural Networks and Gabor Filters (2019)

The emotions evolved in human face have a great influence on decisions and arguments about various subjects. In psychological theory, emotional states of a person can be classified into six main categories: surprise, fear, disgust, anger, happiness and sadness. Automatic extraction of these emotions from the face images can help in human computer interaction as well as many other applications. Machine learning algorithms and especially deep neural network can learn complex features and classify the extracted patterns. In this paper, a deep learning based framework is proposed for human emotion recognition. The proposed framework uses the Gabor filters for feature extraction and then a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for classification. The experimental results show that the proposed methodology increases both of the speed training process of CNN and the recognition accuracy.
Fountain of knowledge [analysis engine] (2004)

This article presents WebFountain, a system that can convert the anarchy of online data - Web pages, e-mail, chat rooms, and more - into a format that can be analyzed to identify commercially valuable information. By leveraging the vast reserves of untapped information online, WebFountain can let companies make smarter business decisions while creating an open platform that encourages more machine understanding research to leave the laboratory.
Function Pointers in VBScript (2007)

Function pointers are used in C and C++ to enable callbacks and as a result, more generic and parsimonious coding. This article shows how to implement function pointers in VBScript using the Scripting.Dictionary object and the Command Wrapper design pattern. It is also shown how to implement constructor functions, callbacks and event handlers.