gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Negishi Cross Coupling Route to N-Unsubstituted α,α-Difluorohomophthalimides (2005)

The preparation of α,α-difluorohomophthalimides by Cu(I)-catalyzed cross coupling of 2-haloterephthalamides with the α,α-di­fluoro Reformatsky reagent is reported. The reaction proceeds in good to excellent yields (70-93%) under mild conditions for a variety of 2-iodoarylamides bearing diverse functionalities and represents a non-F+ approach for the synthesis of fluorinated heterocyclic compounds.
Effect of Styrene Butadiene Styrene Modifier on Cracking Resistance of Asphalt Mixture (2003)

A laboratory investigation was conducted to evaluate the effects of styrene butadiene styrene (SBS) modification on the cracking resistance and healing characteristics of coarse-graded Superpave® mixtures. Four types of asphalt mixtures with 6.1% and 7.2% design asphalt contents using unmodified and SBS-modified asphalt cement were produced in the laboratory. Tests performed with the Superpave indirect tensile (IDT) test included repeated-load fracture and healing test, strength tests at two loading rates, and longer-term creep tests to failure. The test results showed that the benefit of SBS modifiers to mixture cracking resistance appeared to be primarily derived from a reduced rate of micro-damage accumulation. The reduced rate of damage accumulation was reflected in a lower m value without a reduction in fracture limit or healing rates. It was shown that the benefits of the SBS modifier were clearly identified by using the hot-mix asphalt fracture model, which accounts for the combined effects of m value and fracture energy limit on cracking resistance. It was also determined that the residual dissipated energy as determined from Superpave IDT strength tests appears to be uniquely associated with the presence and benefit of SBS modification and may provide a quick way to make relative comparisons of cracking performance. Longer-term creep test showed that time to crack initiation appeared to provide another parameter uniquely related to the effects of SBS modification. The key to characterizing the effects of SBS modifier on the cracking resistance of asphalt mixture is in the evaluation of the combined effects of creep and failure limits.
Molecular Cloning and Expression of Rat Brain Endopeptidase 3.4.24.16 (1995)

We have isolated by immunological screening of a lambda ZAPII cDNA library constructed from rat brain mRNAs a cDNA clone encoding endopeptidase 3.4.24.16. The longest open reading frame encodes a 704-amino acid protein with a theoretical molecular mass of 80,202 daltons and bears the consensus sequence of the zinc metalloprotease family. The sequence exhibits a 60.2% homology with those of another zinc metallopeptidase, endopeptidase 3.4.24.15. Northern blot analysis reveals two mRNA species of about 3 and 5 kilobases in rat brain, ileum, kidney, and testis. We have transiently transfected COS-7 cells with pcDNA3 containing the cloned cDNA and established the overexpression of a 70-75-kDa immunoreactive protein. This protein hydrolyzes QFS, a quenched fluorimetric substrate of endopeptidase 3.4.24.16, and cleaves neurotensin at a single peptide bond, leading to the formation of neurotensin (1-10) and neurotensin (11-13). QFS and neurotensin hydrolysis are potently inhibited by the selective endopeptidase 3.4.24.16 dipeptide blocker Pro-Ile and by dithiothreitol, while the enzymatic activity remains unaffected by phosphoramidon and captopril, the specific inhibitors of endopeptidase 3.4.24.11 and angiotensin-converting enzyme, respectively. Altogether, these physicochemical, biochemical, and immunological properties unambiguously identify endopeptidase 3.4.24.16 as the protein encoded by the isolated cDNA clone.
Effects of antihypertensive agents on arterial baroreceptor reflexes in conscious rats. (1992)

The effects of antihypertensive treatment with four currently used agents (trichlormethiazide, atenolol, nicardipine, and enalapril) on the arterial baroreceptor reflex control of renal sympathetic nerve activity and heart rate were investigated in 45 conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats and 37 age-matched Wistar-Kyoto rats. Antihypertensive agents were administered for 2 weeks beginning at 8 weeks of age to treat and prevent the development of hypertension. Blood pressure was reduced to a similar level (-13 +/- 3 mm Hg, p < 0.05) by each antihypertensive agent. Blood pressure, heart rate, and renal sympathetic nerve activity were recorded in the conscious state during phenylephrine and nitroglycerin ramp infusion. The gain in the baroreceptor reflex was determined from the maximum slope of logistic function curves. Untreated spontaneously hypertensive rats exhibited decreased sensitivity of reflex control of renal sympathetic nerve activity and heart rate (-1.78 +/- 0.07% of control/mm Hg and -2.16 +/- 0.05 beats per minute/mm Hg, respectively) compared with untreated Wistar-Kyoto rats (-3.62 +/- 0.18% of control/mm Hg, p < 0.01, and -3.46 +/- 0.11 beats per minute/mm Hg, p < 0.05, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A Study on Surveillance System of Object's Abnormal Behavior by Blob Composition Analysis (2014)

Studied in this paper is an advanced detection system which activates emergency alert system to prevent the actual incidence, after computerized evaluation of danger-associated behavior captured in CCTV images. The detection of potential danger involves the ability to discern several steps that may ultimately lead to life-threatening event of an object. The system is designed with preset danger-zone within the zone of interest and analysis of blob composition, based on the assumption that probability of life-threatening event is directly correlated with the proportion of one overlapping with the danger zone. Subsequently, the danger level is evaluated accordingly to the range of encroachment into the danger zone of the targeted objects.
The Risk of Toxicities from Trastuzumab, Alone or in Combination, in an Elderly Breast Cancer Population (2013)

Our data suggest that trastuzumab has a good safety profile in nonfrail women aged 70 years and older. These favorable findings may be related to a limited number of anthracycline pretreatments, patient selection and a close cardiologic monitoring.
LPV modelling and control of a Twin Rotor MIMO System (2011)

This paper describes the linear parameter varying (LPV) modelling and control of the Twin Rotor MIMO System (TRMS) developed by Feedback Instruments Limited. The non linear model of the TRMS is transformed into a quasi-LPV system and then approximated in a polytopic way. Using the LPV LMI pole placement approach, a LPV observer/controller for the TRMS is designed. The proposed modelling and control approach is demonstrated in simulation to prove its effective ness and performance.
Mental stress-induced myocardial ischaemia (2016)

### Learning objectives

The management of angina is determined by symptoms and cardiovascular risk, together guiding further assessment in order to detect significant underlying coronary artery disease (CAD). The current National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines require that symptoms are precipitated by physical exertion to be defined as typical angina.1 There are, however, a number of other stressors that may induce myocardial ischaemia, including cold exposure2 and mental stress. In the first detailed description of angina pectoris in the medical literature in 1772, William Heberden noted “it is increased by disturbance of the mind”.3 Mental stress-induced myocardial ischaemia (MSIMI) is a recognised phenomenon, but in the absence of an evidence base it is not routinely explored during either the clinical consultation or subsequent investigations. Significant uncertainties remain; in particular, how does MSIMI differ from exercise-induced myocardial ischaemia, and does it hold any particular significance for patients with ischaemic heart disease?

Numerous observational studies have suggested that exposure to both acute and chronic mental stress is associated with an increased incidence of adverse cardiac events. Natural disasters, including earthquakes4–7 and hurricanes,8 have been linked with increases in cardiac mortality immediately after the event. There was a 71% increase in cardiac deaths on the day of the Northridge earthquake and a 35% increase in hospital admissions for myocardial infarction over the ensuing week.5 Similar findings are reported with unnatural events including in civilian communities under threat of imminent missile attack9 and with major sporting competitions.10–13 During the 2006 FIFA World Cup in Germany, the incidence of acute cardiac events was 2.7 times higher on match days involving the German national team.14 In those known to have …
NVR-Net: Normal Vector Guided Regression Network for Disentangled 6D Pose Estimation (2023)

Monocular 6D pose estimation for objects is an essential but challenging task that is commonly applied in computer vision and robotics. Existing two-stage methods solve for rotations with Perspective-n-Point (PnP), which still incorporates translations, resulting in accuracy degeneration. In contrast, direct regression methods adopt Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to solve for rotations and translations jointly but suffer from performance gaps in rotation accuracy. In this article, we propose a novel Normal Vector guided Regression Network (NVR-Net) to directly regress the 6D pose from a single RGB image under the guidance of 3D normal vectors. Specifically, we design a novel Orientation-Aware Feature (OAF) for pose estimation. It consists of two corresponding sets of 3D normal vectors to thoroughly disentangle rotation from translation estimation. Then, we introduce a CNN to predict a dense pixelwise representation of the OAF without viewpoint ambiguity. To estimate rotations and translations individually from the OAF, we propose a novel Pose from Normal Vectors (PNV) head networks under the instruction of a differentiable closed-form solution. Finally, extensive experiments on three common benchmarks demonstrate that our approach outperforms state-of-the-art methods on rotation accuracy and removes the gap between indirect and end-to-end methods. Moreover, our method can estimate the 6D pose of a single object within an RGB image in real-time.
Weekly Doxorubicin in the Treatment of Metastatic Breast Carcinoma (1989)

The introduction of aggressive combination chemotherapy has not been accompanied by any significant prolongation of survival in metastatic breast carcinoma. Hence, there is a need of less toxic but--in terms of palliation--effective chemotherapeutic regimens. This paper concerns 50 patients with progressive metastatic breast carcinoma who were treated with weekly bolus injections of doxorubicin (15-20 mg). All patients were followed until disease progression. A partial response with a mean duration of 6 months was achieved in 7 patients (14%). In addition, stabilization of disease was observed in 24 patients (48%) during 2-34 months. The toxicity was generally mild. It is concluded that weekly doxorubicin with fairly low doses is a moderately effective treatment in stage IV breast carcinoma. It is devoid of severe toxicity which makes it useful even in old and debilitated patients.
EMAlgorithm (2005)

Abstract In the practice of biostatistics, one is often faced with the problem of estimation with incomplete or missing data. Some common examples include grouped, censored or truncated data, and multivariate data with some individuals having missing responses. Many simple techniques have been developed for this problem, which are based on a “filling in” or “successive substitution” algorithm. The idea is based on the intuitive notion that (i) if we had the values of the missing observations we could estimate the parameters in the “standard” way, often without iteration, and (ii) if we knew the parameters, we could “fill in” the missing observations by setting them equal to their expected values under the model. This suggests estimation can proceed iteratively, alternating between computing expectations for the incomplete data and estimating parameters with “complete data”.
A web personalization system based on web usage mining techniques (2004)

In the past few years, web usage mining techniques have grown rapidly together with the explosive growth of the web, both in the research and commercial areas. In this work we present a Web mining strategy for Web personalization based on a novel pattern recognition strategy which analyzes and classifies both static and dynamic features. The results of experiments on the data from a large commercial web site are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed system.
Detecting Early Colon Cancer (1977)

AbstractTechniques enabling detection of early colon cancer already exist, but to be more productive in terms of improving survival they must be applied in a meaningful sequence and repeated regularly in high-risk patients. Positive findings in specific screening steps based on well-known risk factors in colon cancer always call for aggressive follow-up. The advantages and disadvantages of the various techniques are discussed.
OCR correction and query expansion for retrieval on OCR data : CLARIT TREC-5 confusion track report (1996)

this report we first give a brief description of the OCR correction and query expansion techniques, and then discuss the results of our experiments. 2 The Automatic OCR Correction System
1-D Scanning Arrays on Dense Dielectrics Using PCS-EBG Technology (2007)

We show how the design of integrated arrays can significantly benefit from planar circularly symmetric (PCS) electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structures. Using this technology, a phased array that scans up to 40deg in one dimension and that is characterized by relatively large bandwidth (BWap15%) is designed, manufactured and tested. The specific advantages coming from the use of PCS-EBGs are two fold. On one hand the losses associated to surface waves are significantly reduced. On the other hand each element of the array has a larger effective area that leads to a higher gain for the complete array when compared with a standard technology. Additional benefits are the low cross-polarization levels, the good front to back ratio considering that the antenna does not include a backing reflector, and the low profile
Polydopamine-derived porous carbon fiber/cobalt composites for efficient oxygen reduction reactions (2015)

Mesoporous composites of nitrogen-doped carbon fiber embedded with cobalt nanoparticles have been successfully obtained through the combination of a mussel-inspired biomimetic polydopamine-coating process, a simple solution deposition method and subsequent high-temperature carbonization as an efficient catalyst for oxygen reduction reactions.
Effect of Recycled Plant Residues Used as Bio-Fertilizers on Early Growth of Maize in North-Western Nigeria (2017)

This research was conducted at the botanical garden of the Usman Danfodiyo University Sokoto Nigeria, using digested plant materials of Oryza sativa, Commelina diffusa, Sorghum vulgare, Vigna unguiculata, Pennisetum typohides and Pistia stratiotes to test the effect of biofertilizer on early growth of maize. The undigested plant materials of the same sources were used as control for comparison. 3 kg of sand was mixed with 500 g of each of the plant materials (digested and undigested) to serve as sowing medium. The same contents were put in labeled plastic containers for growing maize. The potting mixtures were watered thoroughly before sowing. Data were collected on weekly intervals for 42 days and subjected to simple descriptive statistics to compare the mean values of maize growth parameters. These include stem height, number of leaves, stem girth and root length. The results indicated highest stem height of 80.3 cm in sowing medium containing digested sorghum against 65.5 cm stem height recorded with the control at 6 WAP. The same treatment had the highest number of 7 leaves per plant at 6 WAP as against 6 leaves in the control. Stem girth ranges from 1 cm in rice treated medium at 1 WAP to 9.7 cm in sorghum treated medium at 6 WAP over and above 0.5 cm to 8.9 cm in the control treatments at 6 WAP. The highest root length of 19.8 cm was obtained in sorghum treated medium against 15.5 cm root length in the control at 6 WAP. Sorghum treated medium yielded the best results in terms of stem height, number of leaves, stem girth size and root length and is therefore recommended for use as bio-fertilizer in maize production.
Production of epidermal growth factor in ESCHERICHIA COLI from a synthetic gene (1985)

Mouse epidermal growth factor (EGF) is under investigation as a deflecting agent for sheep. Substantial quantities of the pure protein are required for these studies and to supply this need a gene for the protein was synthesized and inserted into plasmid vectors to direct the expression of EGF polypeptide, or fusion proteins containing the EGF peptide sequence, in transformed Escherichia coli. Mature EGF was released by lysine specific proteolysis of a fusion protein consisting of part of the E. coli TrpE protein, a lysine linker and EGF polypeptide. The EGF was purified and characterized and was found to be biologically active.
Specific increase in interleukin-8 concentrations in dialysis fluid of patients with peritonitis receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. (1995)

These results suggest that determination of the IL-8 concentration in dialysis fluid maybe useful as a specific marker for following patients with peritonitis receiving CAPD.
Mapping the distribution of photo-currents responsible for generation of terahertz pulses at semiconductor surfaces (2014)

Photo-excited charge carriers at semiconductor surfaces generate pulses of terahertz (THz) radiation. By mapping the spatial distribution of the THz radiation in the near-field and the angular emission pattern in the far-field, we link the THz generation process to the photo-current direction. We find that inplane carrier dynamics play an important role and can even be the dominant source of THz radiation.
Retinal oximetry with a multiaperture camera (2010)

Oxygen saturation measurements in the retina is an essential measurement in monitoring eye health of diabetic patient. In this paper, preliminary result of oxygen saturation measurements for a healthy patient retina is presented. The retinal oximeter used is based on a regular fundus camera to which was added an optimized optical train designed to perform aperture division whereas a filter array help select the requested wavelengths. Hence, nine equivalent wavelength-dependent sub-images are taken in a snapshot which helps minimizing the effects of eye movements. The setup is calibrated by using a set of reflectance calibration phantoms and a lookuptable (LUT) is computed. An inverse model based on the LUT is presented to extract the optical properties of a patient fundus and further estimate the oxygen saturation in a retina vessel.
Development of medical telemetry system by spread spectrum communication (2002)

In order to transmit patients' data with high reliability in hospital, we have developed a spread spectrum medical telemetry system. In this study, we showed characteristics of electromagnetic noise from an electric knife by experiments, and showed system performance of spread spectrum system by ECG transmission experiments. From these results, it was shown that the spread spectrum system had acceptable reliability under the interference from the electric knife.
Joint Projections of Temperature and Precipitation Change from Multiple Climate Models: A Hierarchical Bayesian Approach (2008)

Summary Posterior distributions for the joint projections of future temperature and precipitation trends and changes are derived by applying a Bayesian hierachical model to a rich data set of simulated climate from general circulation models. The simulations that are analysed here constitute the future projections on which the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change based its recent summary report on the future of our planet’s climate, albeit without any sophisticated statistical handling of the data. Here we quantify the uncertainty that is represented by the variable results of the various models and their limited ability to represent the observed climate both at global and at regional scales. We do so in a Bayesian framework, by estimating posterior distributions of the climate change signals in terms of trends or differences between future and current periods, and we fully characterize the uncertain nature of a suite of other parameters, like biases, correlation terms and model-specific precisions. Besides presenting our results in terms of posterior distributions of the climate signals, we offer as an alternative representation of the uncertainties in climate change projections the use of the posterior predictive distribution of a new model’s projections. The results from our analysis can find straightforward applications in impact studies, which necessitate not only best guesses but also a full representation of the uncertainty in climate change projections. For water resource and crop models, for example, it is vital to use joint projections of temperature and precipitation to represent the characteristics of future climate best, and our statistical analysis delivers just that.
Dysbiotic Biofilms Deregulate the Periodontal Inflammatory Response (2018)

Periodontal diseases originate from a dysbiosis within the oral microbiota, which is associated with a deregulation of the host immune response. Although little is known about the initiation of dysbiosis, it has been shown that H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> production is one of the main mechanisms by which some commensal bacteria suppress the outgrowth of pathobionts. Current models emphasize the critical nature of complex microbial biofilms that form unique microbial ecologies and of their change during transition from health (homeostatic) to disease (dysbiotic). However, very little is known on how this alters their virulence and host responses. The objective of this study was to determine differences in virulence gene expression by pathobionts and the inflammatory host response in homeostatic and dysbiotic biofilms originating from the same ecology. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to quantify the pathobiont outgrowth. Expression analysis of bacterial virulence and cellular inflammatory genes together with cytokine enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to detect differences in bacterial virulence and to analyze potential differences in inflammatory response. An increase in pathobionts in induced dysbiotic biofilms was observed compared to homeostatic biofilms. The main virulence genes of all pathobionts were upregulated in dysbiotic biofilms. Exposure of these dysbiotic biofilms to epithelial and fibroblast cultures increased the expression of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and matrix metalloprotease 8, but especially the chemokine CXCL8 (IL-8). Conversely, homeostatic and beneficial biofilms had a minor immune response at the messenger RNA and protein level. Overall, induced dysbiotic biofilms enriched in pathobionts and virulence factors significantly increased the inflammatory response compared to homeostatic and commensal biofilms.