gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Predicting Online Purchase Conversion for Retargeting (2017)

Generally 2% of shoppers make a purchase on the first visit to an online store while the other 98% enjoys only window-shopping. To bring people back to the store and close the deal, "retargeting" has been a vital online advertising strategy that leads to "conversion" of window-shoppers into buyers. As such retargeting is more effective as a focused tool, in this paper, we study the problem of identifying a conversion rate for a given product and its current customers, which is an important analytics metric for retargeting process. Compared to existing approaches using either of customer- or product-level conversion pattern, we propose a joint modeling of both level patterns based on the well-studied buying decision process. To evaluate the effectiveness of our method, we perform extensive experiments on the simulated dataset generated based on a set of real-world web logs. The evaluation results show that conversion predictions by our approach are consistently more accurate and robust than those by existing baselines in dynamic market environment.
NUDT15 polymorphism influences the metabolism and therapeutic effects of acyclovir and ganciclovir (2021)

Nucleobase and nucleoside analogs (NNA) are widely used as anti-viral and anti-cancer agents, and NNA phosphorylation is essential for the activity of this class of drugs. Recently, diphosphatase NUDT15 was linked to thiopurine metabolism with NUDT15 polymorphism associated with drug toxicity in patients. Profiling NNA drugs, we identify acyclovir (ACV) and ganciclovir (GCV) as two new NNAs metabolized by NUDT15. NUDT15 hydrolyzes ACV and GCV triphosphate metabolites, reducing their effects against cytomegalovirus (CMV) in vitro. Loss of NUDT15 potentiates cytotoxicity of ACV and GCV in host cells. In hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients, the risk of CMV viremia following ACV prophylaxis is associated with NUDT15 genotype (P = 0.015). Donor NUDT15 deficiency is linked to graft failure in patients receiving CMV-seropositive stem cells (P = 0.047). In conclusion, NUDT15 is an important metabolizing enzyme for ACV and GCV, and NUDT15 variation contributes to inter-patient variability in their therapeutic effects.
Numerical Taxonomy and Cooperative Studies: Roles and Limits (1981)

Because of the wide array of specialized tests needed for classification of mycobacteria and the complexity of some of these tests, the International Working Group on Mycobacterial Taxonomy was organized in 1967 to conduct cooperative studies and provide a broad data base for numerical taxonomic analysis of the genus. Certain parameters, such as immunologic properties and lipid composition, were withheld from the numerical analyses to provide independent corroboration of the observed clustering. Overall, these studies have yielded confirmation of the validity of many species, as well as detailed description of these species. The numerical analyses do not resolve all taxonomic questions in the genus Mycobacterium, but they do provide phylogenetic hypotheses based on phenetic clustering. These hypotheses presently are being tested by techniques for measuring DNA relatedness and protein sequence conservation. Concurrently, cooperative studies are continuing in order to provide adequate description of some of the more obscure mycobacterial species.
A Study on the Ability to Automatically Recognize Telephone-Quality Speech From Large Customer Populations (1985)

To ascertain whether a speaker-independent word recognition system, using current technology, could function in normal telephone environments, it was necessary to conduct a study under such real-world conditions. Such an experiment was described by Wilpon and Rabiner (1983), in which telephone customers, speaking under ordinary telephone conditions, in Portland, Maine, were asked to speak their telephone number as a sequence of isolated digits. For each customer a maximum of four digits were obtained. The results from that study were very encouraging and led to further improvements in our recognition systems. To further study the feasibility of implementing speech recognition systems for general use over the telephone network, another field study was initiated. In this test, spoken seven-digit telephone numbers were obtained from a large number of telephone customers over a variety of transmission facilities in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. This paper presents the results of several recognition experiments performed on this database. Experiments were also carried out quantifying the robustness of template sets created in Portland, Baton Rouge, and under laboratory conditions in our Murray Hill, New Jersey, laboratory. Finally, a recognition system that incorporates syntactic information available in a seven-digit telephone is discussed. Our tests indicate a number of distinct real-world problems that must be considered when implementing a speech recognition system for widespread use. A discussion of the overall results and the implications for future research will be given.
Neuromodulation of conditioned placebo/nocebo in heat pain (2015)

Placebo and nocebo play an important role in clinical practice and medical research. Modulating placebo/nocebo responses using noninvasive brain stimulation methods, such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), has the potential to harness these effects to therapeutic benefit in a clinical setting. In this study, we assessed the effect of anodal and cathodal tDCS over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (rDLPFC) on conditioned placebo/nocebo cue response to heat pain. Two matched groups of healthy volunteers were subjected to an identical session of conditioning, during which low and high cues (abstract images) were associated with low and high pain levels, respectively. Twenty-minute 2-mA tDCS (either anodal or cathodal) over the rDLPFC was applied. The influence of tDCS current polarity (anodal vs cathodal) on placebo and nocebo was assessed, using subjects' pain ratings in response to identical pain preceded by the conditioned high or low cues. The duration of cue presentation varied to allow either fully conscious or subliminal processing. Significant placebo and nocebo effects in the anodal but not the cathodal group were elicited with the conditioning paradigm. This study provides evidence of a possibility to modulate the conditioned placebo and nocebo effect by changing the excitability of the rDLPFC using tDCS.
Caragana rosea Turcz Methanol Extract Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Responses by Suppressing the TLR4/NF-κB/IRF3 Signaling Pathways (2021)

<i>Caragana rosea</i> Turcz, which belongs to the Leguminosae family, is a small shrub found in Northern and Eastern China that is known to possess anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat fever, asthma, and cough. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of its anti-inflammatory effects are unknown. Therefore, we used lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in RAW264.7 macrophages to investigate the molecular mechanisms that underlie the anti-inflammatory activities of a methanol extract of <i>Caragana rosea</i> (Cr-ME). We showed that Cr-ME reduced the production of nitric oxide (NO) and mRNA levels of iNOS, TNF-α, and IL-6 in a concentration-dependent manner. We also found that Cr-ME blocked MyD88- and TBK1-induced NF-κB and IRF3 promoter activity, suggesting that it affects multiple targets. Moreover, Cr-ME reduced the phosphorylation levels of IκBα, IKKα/β and IRF3 in a time-dependent manner and regulated the upstream NF-κB proteins Syk and Src, and the IRF3 protein TBK1. Upon overexpression of Src and TBK1, Cr-ME stimulation attenuated the phosphorylation of the NF-κB subunits p50 and p65 and IRF3 signaling. Together, our results suggest that the anti-inflammatory activity of Cr-ME occurs by inhibiting the NF-κB and IRF3 signaling pathways.
Exercise-induced microalbuminuria in diabetes is associated with the urinary excretion of cationic proteins. (1988)

Urinary protein components, highly cationic in nature (pI 10.9), with apparent molecular weights of 65 kD, 45 kD, and 28 kD were detected in type I diabetic patients before (2/7), during (4/7) and after (1/7) exercise. Based on the apparent isoelectric point and molecular weights, the urinary cationic components in the urines of type I diabetic patients were superimposable to purified cationic proteins derived from human platelets. Furthermore, they also shared common antigenic components as evidenced by the ability of a goat anti-human platelet-derived cationic protein serum to immunoprecipitate the 45 kD protein fraction. The latter induced vascular permeability when injected intradermally in the rabbit's skin. The occurrence of urinary cationic proteins was associated with the significant increase in albumin excretion rate (AER) in diabetic patients. No urinary cationic components were ever detected in the urines of 6 healthy subjects before, during, or after exercise. The possible pathogenetic relevance of the urinary excretion of cationic proteins in diabetic AER is discussed.
Chromium(III) Isolation from Acid Extract of Tannery Sludge (2001)

High concentrations of Al, Fe, Ca, Mg, and Zn in the tanning agent are detrimental to the properties of tanned leather. To facilitate removal of chromium from the tannery sludge and recycle to the tanning agent, these five metals must first be removed as much as possible from the acid extract of tannery sludge. This work proposes a three-step process for the separation of Cr(III) from these interfering element metals present in the acid extract (leachate) of tannery sludge. In step 1, the leachate was appropriately diluted, and the Al was efficiently removed by precipitation in the form of hydroxide at 21°C and adjusting the pH between 4.6 and 4.8. The optimum dilution ratio for the tannery sludge leachate at a solids concentration 80 (g/L) was 6.3. Under the above operating conditions, 50–80% of Al, 30–40% of Fe, and 22–40% of Cr were removed, and the discrimination ratio between Al and Cr was between 2.0 and 2.2, depending on the pH. In step 2, the Al and Fe that remained in the filtrate after step 1 were further reduced at 21°C by reacting with an organic agent cupferron (Y). The precipitation reactions of cupferron with all of metals were completed in 10 min. The optimum pH for the removal of Al, Fe, and Zn was between 3 and 4.83. The optimum molar ratio of cupferron to the sum of Al, Fe, and Zn was between 2.78 and 4. Under these operating conditions, about 90% of Fe, 80% of Al, 70% of Zn, and 7% of Cr were precipitated. During step 2, most of Fe, Al, and Zn originally present in the tannery leachate were separated from Cr(III), Ca, and Mg. In step 3, the Ca and Mg left in the filtrate after step 2 were separated from Cr(III) by adjusting the pH of the filtrate to 7.0 with the solution of sodium hydroxide at 21°C. The removal efficiency of Cr(III), Ca, and Mg were 99.6, 13.7, and 4.9%. After step 3, the molar percentages of Al, Ca, Cr, Fe, Mg, and Zn in the precipitate formed at pH 7.0 and 21°C in a typical case were 2.94, 0.055, 95.649, 0.302, 1.013, and 0.041, respectively. The overall removal efficiencies of the targeted metals in a typical case were as follows: Al, 77%; Fe, 84.4%; Ca, 99.2%; Mg, 98.5%; and Zn, 61%. About 42% of Cr(III) in total (step 1 + step 2) was removed as precipitates with other metals. The hydroxide precipitates of Cr(III) (from step 1) can be recovered efficiently by the conventional oxidation method. The spent cupferrons as cupferrates can be recovered and recycled. The separation process was simple since it does not involve the oxidation of Cr(III) and the use of ionic exchange resin.
Development and Evaluation of an Emulsified Paraffin Wax Dispenser for Season-Long Mating Disruption of <I>Grapholita molesta</I> in Commercial Peach Orchards (2007)

The University of California at Davis patented the use of emulsified wax to release pheromones for mating disruption. Advantages of these dispensers include low cost, self-adhesion, and biodegradation. We compared the efficacy and practicality of Confuse-OFM, a commercial emulsified wax formulation of oriental fruit moth, Grapiholita molesta (Busck), pheromone with those of Check-Mate OFM-F sprayable pheromone and Isomate-M 100 polyethylene tube dispensers in commercial peach (Prunus spp.) orchards. Efficacy was measured with male captures in pheromone-, virgin female-, and liquid attractant-baited bucket traps as well as by noting injury to shoots and fruit. Two applications of Confuse-OFM were as effective as two applications of CheckMate OFM-F and one application of Isomate-M 100. However, Confuse-OFM was tedious to apply and wasted pheromone with an initially high release rate. We developed a new emulsified wax formulation (Wax Dollops) that maintained release rates above a 5 mg/ha/h threshold twice as long as Confuse-OFM in the laboratory. Field trials confirmed that one application of 3-ml dollops (590 dollops per ha) provided season-long (approximately 15 wk) control equivalent to that of Isomate-M 100 and Confuse-OFM applied as described above. Several applicators were developed for Wax Dollops, including a pneumatic gun that shot dollops >2 m. However, the most efficient method for application was wiping dollops onto tree branches by using a flat-bladed spatula. This research was the basis for a new line of commercial pheromone pest control products equally effective to current commercial formulations but with advantages in cost and flexibility.
Influence of SCOBY microorganisms’ cultivation conditions on the synthesis efficiency and selected qualities of bacterial cellulose (2021)

This study examined how nutrients present in the growth environment of microorganisms forming a consortium of bacteria and yeasts, called a symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast (SCOBY), affect the efficiency of cellulose synthesis and selected properties of the cellulose, such as gloss and color. The results showed that nitrogen-rich ingredients, such as peptone and green tea, increased the efficiency of polymer synthesis and determined the cellulose’s gloss. This research showed that the qualitative characteristics of bacterial cellulose can be easily modified by the appropriate selection of the components of the culture media.
Large-area amorphous silicon solar cells with high stabilized efficiency and their fabrication technology (2002)

The present status of a-Si solar cell technology at Fuji Electric is reviewed. The device structure and key technologies of high performance a-Si tandem solar cells is presented. The production technology for fabricating large-area a-Si submodules with the tandem structure is also reviewed with the results of trial productions. Applying the present technology, the authors have achieved an average efficiency of 10% in the trial production of 30 cm/spl times/40 cm submodules. These modules have a stabilized efficiency of about 8.5%. Some reliability tests are shown and discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Reverse Concatenation with Maximum Transition Run (MTR) Codes for High-Density Perpendicular Recording (2008)

We present a reverse concatenation (RC) architecture with maximum transition run (MTR) modulation codes and Reed-Solomon (RS) error-correction codes (ECCs). The scheme employs a high-rate primary (pre-RS) MTR code and a secondary (post-RS) MTR code, which controls error propagation. The two modulation codes are designed in such a way to maximize the overall code rate and maintain simple hardware implementation. Simulation results demonstrate superior performance compared to reverse concatenation with non-MTR codes, especially at a relatively high recording density.
Pharmacological and clinical profile of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) therapeutic drug nusinersen (Spinraza<sup>®</sup>) (2018)

Nusinersen (Spinraza<sup>®</sup>) was approved as Japan's first antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) drug for treatment of SMA (spinal muscular atrophy) patients with a deletion or mutation of the survival motor neuron (SMN) 1 gene and ≥1 copy of the SMN2 gene. Nuseinersen is a fully modified 2'-O-(2-methoxyethyl) (2'-MOE) ASO designed to bind the SMN2 pre-mRNA and alter splicing, such that a mature mRNA is produced and is translated as full-length SMN protein. In 4 types of mouse SMA disease models, treatment with nusinersen improved the form of the neuromuscular junction, increased myofiber size, improved righting reflex and grip, and prolonged survival. The efficacy of nusinersen was verified in 2 multinational, randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled clinical studies in SMA patients with differing ages of onset and ages (ENDEAR study and CHERISH study), and improvement and maintenance of motor function by nusinersen were demonstrated regardless of the type of SMA. Moreover, both studies showed that greater efficacy may be obtained with early initiation of nusinersen treatment. Therefore, treatment with nusinersen should be started as early as possible to delay or halt progression of the disease and maximize therapeutic effect. As nusinersen is the only ASO currently available for SMA, it will be widely used, therefore we will expect that nusinersen will contribute to improve patients' QOL and reduce the burden of caregivers and the healthcare system by improving motor function of patients with SMA.
Lack of Detectable Variation at <I>Borrelia burgdorferi vlsE</I> Locus in Ticks (2007)

VlsE is a surface exposed lipoprotein of the Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi. Spirochetes are able to generate many antigenic variants of VlsE by DNA recombination at the vlsE locus. Novel VlsE antigenic variants are readily observed in mice infected with B. burgdorferi. We followed a clonal population of spirochetes through a tick transmission cycle and report that unlike in vertebrates, the vlsE locus is stable in ticks.
Gelation Behavior of 2H-Chromene N-Acylamino Acid Conjugates (2009)

2H-Chromene-based conjugates of N-acyl-1,omega-amino acids (5, 9a-f, 14a-f) of natural amino acids (10a,b) and of dipeptide (10c) are prepared (60-97%) by N-acylbenzotriazole methodology in aqueous media at 20 degrees C. Gelation properties of the corresponding sodium salts in DMF and DMSO are generalized with respect to an increase or decrease in the chain length of the spacer.
Update on tick-borne bacterial diseases in Europe (2009)

In recent years, the prevalence of tick-borne bacterial diseases has significantly increased in European countries. The emergence and reemergence of these illnesses are attributed to changes in the environment and human behavior. Several diseases are caused by bacteria initially isolated from ticks and subsequently considered pathogenic. It is necessary to consider the bacteria found in arthropods capable of biting humans as potential human pathogens. Here we review the clinical and epidemiological data on bacterial tick-borne diseases in European countries. We focus on the epidemiological and clinical aspects of tick-borne rickettsioses and give an overview of other tick-borne illnesses as well as the emergence and re-emergence of these diseases.
Location of Geminiviruses in the Whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) (1998)

The location of tomato mottle virus (ToMoV) and cabbage leaf curl virus (CabLCV) (Geminiviridae, genus Begomovirus) in the whitefly vector Bemisia tabaci B-biotype (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) was elucidated using a novel technique incorporating indirect immunofluorescent labeling in freshly dissected whiteflies. Begomoviruses were visualized in the whitefly by indirect-fluorescent-microscopy. Polyclonal and monoclonal primary antibodies were used to successfully detect both ToMoV and CabLCV. Both begomoviruses were located in the anterior region of the midgut and filter-chamber of adult whiteflies, with ToMoV detected in the salivary glands. CabLCV was detected at a greater frequency than ToMoV, with a positive detection of 16% (89 out of 560) for CabLCV and 3% (25 out of 840) for ToMoV. Possible sites involved in geminivirus transport from the gut lumen of whiteflies into the hemocoel were located in the filter-chamber and anterior portion of the midgut. The location of these begomoviruses suggests a possible scenario of virus movement through the whitefly, which is discussed.
Continuous fractional component Monte Carlo simulations of high-density adsorption in metal–organic frameworks (2015)

The continuous fractional component Monte Carlo method, which was designed to overcome difficulties with insertions and deletions of molecules, is modified to include configurational bias Monte Carlo methods and is further extended to binary systems. The modified method is shown to correctly predict adsorption of Ar in silicalite, Xe and Kr in HKUST-1, and enantiomers in a homochiral metal–organic framework. The modified method is also found to be approximately an order of magnitude more efficient in inserting and deleting molecules than traditional configurational bias grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations in dense systems.
Human papillomavirus reactivation following treatment of genital graft‐versus‐host disease (2013)

Vaginal chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is a common complication of stem cell transplantation. Human papillomavirus (HPV) disease can reactivate after transplantation, presumably because of immune factors affecting systemic immunity, such as waning antibody titers, impaired T- and B-lymphocyte responses, and the use of immunosuppressive therapies. However, a relationship between the use of local immunosuppressive agents and HPV reactivation and spread has not been previously described, to our knowledge. A 30-year-old woman, 2 years post transplant receiving systemic cyclosporine for cGVHD, was treated with vaginal dilators, topical corticosteroids, and estrogen for vaginal cGVHD. Colposcopy and biopsy for abnormal cytology revealed condylomatous cervicitis. Over the next 4 months, while continuing dilator therapy, linear verrucous lesions developed in the vagina and vulva, and were successfully treated with laser therapy. Use of local immunosuppression and dilators for genital GVHD can enhance spread of HPV infection. Integration of HPV screening and treatment into the care of women with genital cGVHD and development of strategies to manage both conditions simultaneously are warranted.
A Boosting-based Algorithm for Classification of Semi-Structured Text using the Frequency of Substructures (2013)

Research in text classification currently focuses on challenging tasks such as sentiment classification, modality identification, and so on. In these tasks, approaches that use a structural representation, like a tree, have shown better performance rather than a bag-of-words representation. In this paper, we propose a boosting algorithm for classifying a text that is a set of sentences represented by tree. The algorithm learns rules represented by subtrees with their frequency information. Existing boostingbased algorithms use subtrees as features without considering their frequency because the existing algorithms targeted a sentence rather than a text. In contrast, our algorithm learns how the occurrence frequency of each subtree is important for classification. Experiments on topic identificationof JapanesenewsarticlesandEnglish sentiment classification shows the effectiveness of subtree features with their frequency.
THE PRICING OF OPTIONS WITH STOCHASTIC DIVIDEND YIELD (1978)

A formula is derived in discrete time for pricing options when the underlying stock has a stochastic dividend yield. The result implies that regarding the dividend yield as certain when it is not results in misestimation of the variance of the underlying stock. Comparative statics indicate that this adjustment could diminish a bias of the Black‐Scholes model. This model systematically underprices deep‐out‐of‐the‐money options. A numerical example demonstrates that this stochastic adjustment may be more important for longer‐lived options and warrants .