gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fluid-Level Monitoring Using a Distributed Temperature Sensing System During a Methane Hydrate Production Test (2013)

Abstract Temperature profiles and their transient behaviors obtained using a distributed temperature sensing (DTS) system were measured while monitoring wellbore fluid levels during a methane hydrate production test. The temperature data were obtained in 2008 as part of the JOGMEC/NRCan/Aurora Mallik 2007–2008 Gas Hydrate Production Research Well Program. Methane hydrate is known to be stabilized under low-temperature and high-pressure conditions. In the Gas Hydrate Production Research Well Program, a depressurization method using an electric submergible pump (ESP) was employed to dissociate the hydrate in the reservoir. For recovering the produced gas and fluid without resynthesizing the hydrate after the dissociation, it was essential that the temperature of the produced fluids flowing up the tubing be controlled. According to our numerical temperature simulation, the annulus fluid level around the tubing is one of important factors that govern the tubing fluid temperature during the methane hydrate production. If the annulus fluid level is high, the tubing fluid temperature becomes so low that methane hydrate can potentially be formed inside the tubing; thus, understanding fluid levels during methane hydrate production is important for flow assurance as well as bottomhole pressure control. The conventional method for estimating fluid levels in a wellbore employs an acoustic wave reflection technique; however, the accuracy of the survey is subjected to assumption of an acoustic velocity which depends on pressure, temperature, and gas types. On the other hand, estimating fluid levels with a DTS temperature profile is thought to be a more direct method. Although it is not widely known, several papers indicate that the feasibility of estimating fluid levels with the DTS system when the fluid level is static. In this paper, we demonstrate the feasibility of estimating dynamic fluid levels using a DTS system. The dynamic trend in estimated fluid levels with the DTS system shows qualitatively good agreement to that estimated with the pressure on the completion assembly and the pressure at the casinghead. The difference in fluid levels between the DTS temperature-based and the pressure-based methods quantitatively explains a void fraction in the two-phase flow of the fluid and the gas. The analysis presented in this paper is based on field data collected during methane hydrate production, but it is potentially applicable to any conventional production scheme that employs artificial lift.
Noise Calibration Repeatability of an Airborne Third-Generation Radiometer (Letters) (1977)

A third-generation S-band radiometer has been calibrated at intervals over 3-1/2 years. The built-in stabilization concepts have proven to be very effective. In spite of some nonideal conditions (on runway, in wind, and in rain), an rms value of 0.7 K calibration repeatability has been observed with an average temperature deviation (bias error) of 0.03 K.
Size and charge heterogeneity of murine IgG-binding factors (IgG-BF). (1986)

Size and charge of murine IgG-binding factors (IgG-BF) were determined. Four different sources were used to produce the factors: a) cells of a T cell hybrid (T2D4) constitutively secreting IgG-BF upon incubation in serum-free medium, b) T2D4 cells incubated with mouse monoclonal IgG1 antibody in order to induce in vitro the production of isotype-specific IgG1-BF, c) T2D4 cells induced in vivo by passage as ascites in nude mice and incubated in serum-free medium, and d) in vivo alloantigen-activated T cells (ATC) incubated in serum-free medium. IgG-BF were affinity purified on Sepharose beads coated with rabbit or mouse IgG and identified by their biologic activities, i.e., inhibition of in vitro secondary IgG antibody production to SRBC and inhibition of rosette formation between Fc gamma receptor-positive spleen cells and rabbit IgG-sensitized erythrocytes. IgG-BF produced by either of these cell sources was found to be heterogeneous in both size and charge. In each case, IgG-BF activities were recovered in three fractions of apparent Mr-74,000 to 78,000, 35,000 to 40,000, and 19,000 to 23,000-and in four fractions of pI-4.7 (or 5.3, depending on experimental conditions), 6.5, 7.7, and 8.4. Moreover, IgG-BF translated in vitro from T2D4 poly A RNA by using rabbit reticulocyte lysate exhibited the same heterogeneity. Thus, IgG-BF contain different proteins exerting similar biologic activities.
Spinous Process-Splitting Laminoplasty Using Hydroxyapatite Spinous Process Spacer (1992)

Between February 1986 and August 1989, 45 patients with cervical myelopathy were treated by spinous process-splitting laminoplasty. Hydroxyapatite intraspinous spacers were used to maintain the enlargement of the cervical spinal canal. The shape of this spacer is trapezoidal. After sagittal splitting of the spinous process, the spacer was inserted between the two haives and affixed with the wire. Histologic study showed there was good fusion between the spacer and bone. In all cases, good enlargement of the cervical spinal canal was achieved. Spacer displacement, wire breakage, and postoperative infection were not seen. There was no postoperative neurologic deterioration. Computed tomography showed that the width of the cervical spinal canal was maintained.
Atmospheric turbulence studies of a 16 km maritime path (2005)

The Naval Research Lab (NRL) is currently operating a lasercom test facility (LCTF) across the Chesaepeake Bay between NRL's Chesapeake Bay Detachment (NRL-CBD) and NRL-Tilghman Island. This lasercom test facility has successfully demonstrated 32 km retro-reflected links at data rates up to 2.5 Gbps. Along with lasercom link studies, atmospheric characterization of the NRL-CBD to Tilghman Island optical path has been investigated. These studies range from passive optical turbulence monitoring based on angle-of-arrival measurements of a spotlight's apparent motion, to intensity and angle-of-arrival measurements of a retro-reflected laser beam. Currently the LCTF is being upgraded from a retro-reflected link to a direct one-way link from NRL-CBD to NRL-Tilghman Island. Initial measurements of atmospheric turbulence effects in this one-way configuration have recently been performed. Results of these past and current atmospheric turbulence studies are presented.
Conducting Polymer Material Characterization Using High Frequency Planar Transmission Line Measurement (2012)

A conducting polymer, poly 3-hexylthiophene (P3HT) is characterized with the metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) measurement method and the high frequency planar circuit method. From the MIS measurement method, the relative dielectric constant of the P3HT film is estimated to be 4.4. For the high frequency planar circuit method, a coplanar waveguide is fabricated on the P3HT film. When applying +20 V to the CPW on P3HT film, the P3HT film is in accumulation mode and becomes lossy. The CPW on P3HT film is 1.5 dB lossier than the CPW on <TEX>$SiO_2$</TEX> film without P3HT film at 50 GHz.
НУТРИТИВНИ СТАТУС ВИСОКОМЛЕЧНИХ КРАВА: ПРОЦЕНА НА ОСНОВУ САСТАВА МЛЕКА (2018)

За испитивање је узорковано млеко добијено од сто крава 30. дана лактацијетоком јутарње и вечерње му
Sulfur Dioxide Treatment from Flue Gases Using a Biotrickling Filter−Bioreactor System (2003)

Complete treatment of sulfur dioxide (SO2) from flue gases in a two-stage process consisting of a biotrickling filter followed by biological post-treatment unit was investigated. The biotrickling filter could remove 100% of influent SO2 from simulated flue gas at an empty bed residence time of 6 s for a concentration range of 300-1000 ppm(v). All the absorbed SO2 was recovered in the biotrickling filter liquid effluent as sulfite (a product of chemical reaction of SO2) and sulfate (product of biological oxidation of sulfite). The biotrickling filter liquid effluent was further processed biologically in a single post-treatment unit consisting of a combined anaerobic and microaerophilic reactor for the simultaneous reduction of sulfate and sulfite to sulfide and oxidation of sulfide to elemental sulfur. The post-treatment unit could effectively treat the biotrickling filter effluent and produce elemental sulfur. The sulfur production efficiency of the reactor reached about 80% of the SO2 treated. This new biological treatment system seems to be a promising alternative for flue gas desulfurization.
Molecular imaging of MMP activity discriminates unstable from stable plaque phenotypes in shear-stress induced murine atherosclerosis (2018)

In the ApoE-/- cuff model MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities are significantly higher in upstream low shear stress-induced unstable atherosclerotic plaques as compared to downstream more stable plaque phenotypes. MMP inhibitor-based fluorescence molecular imaging allows visualization of these differences in shear stress-induced atherosclerosis.
An interactive visual query environment for exploring data (1997)

Direct manipulation of visualizations is a powerful technique for performing exploratory data operations such as navigation, aggregation, and filtering. Its immediacy facilitates rapid, incremental, and ,reversible forays. into the *(data. However it does not provide for! reuse or modification of exploration sessions. This paper describes a visual query language, VQE, that adds these capabilities to a direct manipulation exploration environment called Visage. Queries and visualizations are' dynamically linked: operations on either one immediately update the other, in contrast to the feedforward sequence of database query followed by .visualization of results common in traditional systems. 8, These features are supported by the architectural concept of threads,, which represent a sequence of navigation steps on particular objects. Because they are tied to, particular data objects, they can. be directly manipulated. : Because they represent operations, they can be generalized into queries. We expect this technique to apply to direct manipulation interfaces to any object-oriented system that represents both objects and the relationships among them.
New Vectors for Stable and Safe Gene Modification (2011)

Stable gene modification without affecting normal cellular function is a main goal both for basic and applied science. Current strategies to achieve stable gene modification are either very inefficient (homologous recombination) or very genotoxic (retroviral gene transfer). Retroviral vectors derived from oncoretroviruses (murine leukaemia virus MLV) were the first to be widely used for stable gene modifications for gene therapy strategies. They are efficient, poorly immunogenic and derived from a non-pathogenic virus. MLV-based vectors were also the first ones to show real therapeutic effect by correcting the immune system of about 50 patients with four different severe immunodeficiencies X-linked Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID-X1), SCID-Adenosine Deaminase Deficiency (SCIDADA), Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome (WAS) and Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD)(Fischer et al.). However, for most applications therapeutic efficacy were incomplete or come together with serious adverse effects such as cell transformation(Neven et al., 2009). Different studies have demonstrated that the enhancer elements present in the old generation retroviral vectors are important in cell transformation(Montini et al., 2009). Therefore, safer integrative vectors are required to replace MLV-based retroviral vectors when stable gene modification is required. New vectors for stable expression must consider three aspects: 1efficiency, 2ectopic or unregulated expression of the transgene and 3genotoxicity (genomic alterations due to vector integrations). Probably the most important feature for a vector to reach clinic is efficiency. Gene Therapy vectors must be able to efficiently transduce their target cells in order to reach therapeutic benefits. High efficiency is especially relevant when the therapeutic protein does not confer any positive advantage to the target cells. It is therefore important to keep in mind that very safe vectors are of no use if the efficiency does not reach a minimum. We can say that, at least for some applications, efficiency is no longer a limitation, and that safety is now the main concern. The ectopic or unregulated expression of the transgene is other aspect to take into consideration. As conventional therapeutic agents, transgenes have a window where and when to exert their function. In many diseases, the expression of the affected gene is restricted to a particular tissue, to a particular stage of the development and/or in response to environmental conditions. The expression of the transgene in non-target cells as well as the expression of non-physiological transgene levels may cause toxic or deleterious effects.
An overview of artificial intelligence applications for power electronics (2020)

&lt;div&gt;This is a preprint version of the manuscript submitted to IEEE on June 4, 2020.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;This paper gives an overview of the Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications for power electronic systems. The three distinctive life-cycle phases, design, control, and maintenance are correlated with one or more tasks to be addressed by AI, including optimization, classification, regression, and data structure exploration. The applications of four categories of AI are discussed, which are expert system, fuzzy logic, metaheuristic method, and machine learning. More than 500 publications have been reviewed to identify the common understandings, practical implementation challenges, and research opportunities in the application of AI for power electronics.&lt;br&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Optimizing Control and State Estimation of a Continuous Polymerization Process in a Tubular Reactor with Multiple Side‐Streams (2016)

In this contribution, a nonlinear model‐based optimizing control for continuous polymerization of acrylic acid in tubular reactors with multiple side injections of monomer is developed. The background of this work is to transfer the production of polymers from semibatch to continuous operations. The configuration of the tubular reactor, which imposes long delays between the inputs and the measurements, and the lack of intermediate measurements as well as the nonlinear reaction kinetics and sharp moving fronts of concentrations when the inflows are changed, make the application of the optimizing control very challenging. In order to simulate the sharp fronts of the reactor system faithfully and fast, the spatial domain of the partial differential equations model of the tubular reactor is discretized by applying the weighted essentially non‐oscillatory scheme. We formulate the controller such that it optimizes the productivity of the reactor directly, while the product quality parameters are imposed as constraints. A particle filter is implemented to estimate the states of the reactor system and to initialize the process model. The simulation results show that the controller can increase the product throughput considerably compared to an initial operating point and has a robust performance against the measurement noise. Furthermore, the effect of formulating the quality constraints as hard or soft constraints as well as a changeover scenario between the different grades of a polymer are studied. image
A router for symmetrical FPGAs based on exact routing density evaluation (2001)

This paper presents a new performance and routability driven routing algorithm for symmetrical array based field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). A key contribution of our work is to overcome one essential limitation of the previous routing algorithms: inaccurate estimations of routing density which were too general for symmetrical FPGAs. To this end, we derive an exact routing density calculation that is based on a precise analysis of the structure (switch block) of symmetrical FPGAs, and utilize it consistently in global and detailed routings. With an introduction of the proposed accurate routing metrics, we design a new routing algorithm called a cost-effective net-decomposition based routing which is fast, and yet produces remarkable routing results in terms of both routability and path/net delays. We performed an extensive experiment to show the effectiveness of our algorithm based on the proposed cost metrics.
A Modified MRSVP Scheme Based on Motion Prediction (2009)

With the increasing widespread use of wireless technologies, the need arises for QoS provisioning mechanisms for multimedia applications in wireless networks. However, QoS protocols designed for fixed network are not applicable in mobile networks. In this paper, we propose a modified MRSVP scheme based on motion prediction for mobile networks. The modified MRSVP scheme using the result of motion prediction to obtain the weighted target cells collection and using the collection to select the path of resource reservation. When lack of the network resources, using QoS negotiation and snatch the resources by the weight. Simulation results show that the modified MRSVP can improve the hit ratio of reservation and effectively ensures the QoS of mobile users.
ChemInform Abstract: 6‐AZASTEROIDAL ANALOGUES FROM ALPHA‐HYDROXYMETHYLENE KETONES (1974)

Abstract Das Dion (III) wird aus m‐Anisidin (II) und dem Triketon (I) hergestellt und dann mit Polyphosphorsäure (PPS) zum Phenanthridon (IV) cyclisiert.
Motion-Visual Phase-Error Detection in a Flight Simulator (2007)

An experiment was conducted on the University of Toronto Institute for Aerospace Studies Flight Research Simulator to determine the minimum phase lead of pitch motion cues relative to pitch visual cues that can be consistently detected by a human observer. The effects of pitch frequency and amplitude, motion gain, and visual scene complexity on the detection threshold of the phase error between the visual and motion cues was determined. The mean detection threshold of the phase error averaged across all subjects and conditions was 57 deg. Pitch amplitude significantly affected the detection threshold of the phase error. Higher amplitudes led to lower detection thresholds. Motion gain also had a significant effect on the detection threshold of the phase error when the frequency was 0.2 Hz or the visual complexity was low. Higher motion gains led to lower detection thresholds. The frequency had a significant effect on the detection threshold of the phase error when the motion gain was 0.5 or the visual complexity was low. Higher frequencies led to lower detection thresholds. The direction of the frequency effect suggests that subjects perform more like motion-visual phase detectors than motion-visual time delay detectors. The results of the experiment were used to analyze pitch high-pass washout filters. The analysis suggests that the break frequency for a second-order washout filter should be lower than 0.13 rad/s and the break frequency for a first-order filter should be lower than 0.2 rad/s to keep the motion-visual phase error below the measured human perception limit.
Coronary Atherosclerosis (1998)

Atherosclerotic coronary artery disease is a complex biological process resulting in the narrowing of arterial vessels supplying blood to the heart. This process can clinically remain silent, but it commonly gives rise to clinical signs and symptoms when the narrowing becomes sufficiently severe that blood flow is unable to meet the metabolic needs of the heart muscle. If this condition is transient without permanent myocardial cell damage, it is termed myocardial ischemia. If the condition is sufficient in severity and duration to cause irreversible, clinically detectable myocardial cell damage, it is termed myocardial infarction. The clinical symptoms associated with myocardial ischemia are termed angina pectoris. In myocardial ischemia, the blood flow is insufficient relative to the requirements of the myocardium. Therefore, ischemia can be influenced by both alterations in the coronary blood flow (supply) and changes in the metabolic state of the myocardium (demand). Many patients with coronary disease experience exertional symptoms in a consistent and predictable pattern termed chronic stable angina. A marked acceleration in the frequency, severity, or duration of angina, or a significant decrease in the level of exertion inducing angina, constitutes unstable angina and carries a substantial risk of progression to myocardial infarction. Together, unstable angina and myocardial infarction comprise the acute or unstable coronary syndromes. The biological basis for the transition from either no clinical symptoms or chronic stable angina to an unstable coronary syndrome is the subject of intense investigation and has important clinical implications.
Analysis of Asphalt Mixtures Modified with Steel Slag Surface Texture Using 3D Scanning Technology (2023)

This paper investigates the use of steel slag in the place of basalt coarse aggregate in Stone Mastic Asphalt-13 (SMA-13) gradings in the early forming of an experimental pavement and evaluates the test performance of the mixes, combined with 3D scanning techniques to analyse the initial textural structure of the pavement. Laboratory tests were carried out to design the gradation of the two asphalt mixtures and to assess the strength, chipping and cracking resistance of the asphalt mixtures using water immersion Marshall tests, freeze-thaw splitting tests, rutting tests and for comparison with laboratory tests, while surface texture collection and analysis of the height parameters (i.e., Sp, Sv, Sz, Sq, Ssk) and morphological parameters (i.e., Spc) of the pavement were performed to assess the skid resistance of the two asphalt mixtures. Firstly, the results show that a substitution of steel slag for basalt in pavements is a good alternative for efficient resource utilization. Secondly, when steel slag was used in place of basalt coarse aggregate, the water immersion Marshall residual stability improved by approximately 28.8% and the dynamic stability by approximately 15.8%; the friction values decayed at a significantly lower rate, and the MTD did not change significantly. Thirdly, in the early stages of pavement formation, Sp, Sv, Sz, Sq and Spc showed a good linear relationship with BPN values, and these texture parameters can be used as parameters to describe steel slag asphalt pavements. Finally, this study also found that the standard deviation of peak height was higher for steel slag-asphalt mixes than for basalt-asphalt mixes, with little difference in texture depth, while the former formed more peak tips than the latter.
Effect of Equibiaxial Pre-Stress on Mechanical Properties Evaluated Using Depth-Sensing Indentation with a Point-Sharp Indenter (2023)

This study examined the effect of an imposed equibiaxial pre-stress (EBPS) on the evaluation of mechanical properties, using the depth-sensing indentation method with a point-sharp indenter, through a numerical analysis of indentations simulated with the 3D finite element method. The predicted elastic modulus, E<sup>*</sup>, and yield stress, Y<sup>*</sup>, were used as elastic and plastic deformation resistances under the indentation, respectively. It was found that both increased nominally with the increase in compressive EBPS and decreased with the increase in tensile EBPS, even though the induced change in the piling-up or sinking-in around the indentations was not significant. The effect of EBPS on E<sup>*</sup> was described by the Hooke's law for an isotropic elastoplastic material, whereas that on Y<sup>*</sup> was accounted for by the change in the von Mises stress due to EBPS.