gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Segmentation of Locally Varying Numbers of Outer Retinal Layers by a Model Selection Approach (2017)

Extraction of image-based biomarkers, such as the presence, visibility, or thickness of a certain layer, from 3-D optical coherence tomography data provides relevant clinical information. We present a method to simultaneously determine the number of visible layers in the outer retina and segment them. The method is based on a model selection approach with special attention given to the balance between the quality of a fit and model complexity. This will ensure that a more complex model is selected only if this is sufficiently supported by the data. The performance of the method was evaluated on healthy and retinitis pigmentosa (RP) affected eyes. In addition, the reproducibility of automatic method and manual annotations was evaluated on healthy eyes. Good agreement between the segmentation performed manually by a medical doctor and results obtained from the automatic segmentation was found. The mean unsigned deviation for all outer retinal layers in healthy and RP affected eyes varied between 2.6 and 4.9 μm. The reproducibility of the automatic method was similar to the reproducibility of the manual segmentation. Overall, the method provides a flexible and accurate solution for determining the visibility and location of outer retinal layers and could be used as an aid for the disease diagnosis and monitoring.
Fabrication of Al2O3/ZnO and Al2O3/Cu Reinforced Silicone Rubber Composite Pads for Thermal Interface Materials (2021)

Thermal interface materials (also known as thermal pads) are widely used as a crucial part to dissipate heat generated in miniaturized and integrated electronic components. Here, we systematically investigated the effects of small ceramic and metallic powders in rubbery thermal composite pads with a high content of aluminum oxide filler on the thermal conductivity of the composite pads. We optimized the compositions of aluminum oxide fillers with two different sizes in a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix for rubbery composite pads with a high thermal conductivity. Based on the optimized compositions, zinc oxide powder or copper powder with an average size of 1 μm was used to replace 5 μm-sized aluminum oxide filler to examine the effects of the small ceramic and metallic powders, respectively, on the thermal conductivity of the composite pads. When zinc oxide powder was used as the replacement, the thermal conductivity of the rubbery composite pads decreased because more air bubbles were generated during the processing of the mixed paste with increased viscosity. On the other hand, when the copper powder was used as a replacement, a thermal conductivity of up to 2.466 W/m·K was achieved for the rubbery composite pads by optimizing the mixing composition. SEM images and EDS mapping confirmed that all fillers were evenly distributed in the rubbery composite pads.
Plasma-Based Power Limitation for Highly Linear MEMS Switch Protection and Isolation Enhancement (2020)

A novel hybrid approach integrating a MEMS switch with a gas discharge tube plasma cell to enhance switch survivability and isolation, especially at high incident power levels, is demonstrated. The theory of operation is discussed including consideration of the underlying plasma phenomena as well as the practical integration details. Measurement of a fabricated prototype is presented. Discussion of measurement challenges and potential solutions is accompanied by detailed explanations of measurement practice. Measurements provide insights into applied RF plasmas not present in the body of literature. Wideband enhancement of isolation by more than 10 dB at 50 W incident power is observed in a quasi-absorptive mode with increasing isolation over power. No penalty to the excellent linearity of MEMS switches is detected with a measured IIP3 of 75.3 dBm. Advantages in linearity as compared to semiconductor-based power limiting solutions are shown and demonstrate state-of-the-art performance. An incremental insertion loss of less than 0.2 dB with a return loss better than 12.5 dB is reported. Measurement of the effects on MEMS switch timing parameters as well as time domain characterization of the plasma breakdown is included.
Abstract W P164: Effects of Extracranial Carotid Stenosis on Intracranial Blood Flow (2014)

Objectives: To determine the effects of degree of stenosis, stenosis length, and residual lumen on intracranial blood flow in patients with extracranial carotid stenosis. Methods: Records of patients who underwent stenting for extracranial carotid stenosis at our institution between 2004-2012 and had flow rates obtained using quantitative magnetic resonance angiography were retrospectively reviewed. Measurements of degree of stenosis, stenosis length, and residual lumen were made from cerebral angiography images. Results: 18 patients had both complete anatomic and flow data available. Mean age was 66 years. Degree of stenosis ranged from 60% to 90%. 61% had symptomatic stenosis. Univariate analysis demonstrated that higher percentage of stenosis and smaller residual lumen (mm) are associated with a significant decrease in ipsilateral internal carotid artery (ICA) flow ( P =0.027 and P =0.007, respectively). Stenosis length (mm) was not significantly associated with ipsilateral ICA flow ( P =0.08). On multiple regression analysis, both degree of stenosis and residual lumen remained predictive of ipsilateral ICA flow ( P =0.005 and P =0.007, respectively). Neither degree of stenosis, stenosis length, or residual lumen were significantly associated with ipsilateral MCA flow (P=0.38, 0.18, and 0.86, respectively), and baseline ICA flow was not predictive of ipsilateral MCA flow ( P =0.37). Conclusions: Degree of stenosis and residual lumen diameter are highly predictive of ICA, but not MCA flow, in the setting of carotid stenosis. Local hemodynamic effects of the stenosis do not translate directly to the distal vasculature, as intracranial flows can be maintained through collateral flow. Figure: Ipsilateral ICA flow and residual lumen. Increasing residual lumen is associated with significant ipsilateral ICA flow increase ( P =0.007, correlation coefficient=0.61).
Studies on Improvement of Tomato Productivity in a Large-scale Greenhouse (2007)

本研究によって，トマトの出荷量は積算日射量から予測可能であり，出荷量は着果から収穫までの積算日射量と相関が高いことが，明らかになった．すなわち，12/9週から5/26週までの25週(生育ステージや気温による影響が比較的小さいと考えられる期間)については，各週の出荷量は次式で予測されることが明らかになった．y＝7.50×10-6x＋0.148 (r2＝0.740)y: 出荷量(kg・m-2・week-1)x: 1週前から8週前までの積算日射量(MJ・m-2)今後，出荷量予測式に気温や生育ステージを組み込むことによって，さらに精度の高い予測が可能であると考えられた．また，大規模生産温室を新たに建設する場合，本研究の手法を用いて，近隣の気象台が測定している日射量から年間出荷予測し，その地域での温室建設が経営的に可能かどうかの判断が行えると考えられた．
Scale-free and multifractal time dynamics of fMRI signals during rest and task (2012)

Scaling temporal dynamics in functional MRI (fMRI) signals have been evidenced for a decade as intrinsic characteristics of ongoing brain activity (Zarahn et al., 1997). Recently, scaling properties were shown to fluctuate across brain networks and to be modulated between rest and task (He, 2011): notably, Hurst exponent, quantifying long memory, decreases under task in activating and deactivating brain regions. In most cases, such results were obtained: First, from univariate (voxelwise or regionwise) analysis, hence focusing on specific cognitive systems such as Resting-State Networks (RSNs) and raising the issue of the specificity of this scale-free dynamics modulation in RSNs. Second, using analysis tools designed to measure a single scaling exponent related to the second order statistics of the data, thus relying on models that either implicitly or explicitly assume Gaussianity and (asymptotic) self-similarity, while fMRI signals may significantly depart from those either of those two assumptions (Ciuciu et al., 2008; Wink et al., 2008). To address these issues, the present contribution elaborates on the analysis of the scaling properties of fMRI temporal dynamics by proposing two significant variations. First, scaling properties are technically investigated using the recently introduced Wavelet Leader-based Multifractal formalism (WLMF; Wendt et al., 2007). This measures a collection of scaling exponents, thus enables a richer and more versatile description of scale invariance (beyond correlation and Gaussianity), referred to as multifractality. Also, it benefits from improved estimation performance compared to tools previously used in the literature. Second, scaling properties are investigated in both RSN and non-RSN structures (e.g., artifacts), at a broader spatial scale than the voxel one, using a multivariate approach, namely the Multi-Subject Dictionary Learning (MSDL) algorithm (Varoquaux et al., 2011) that produces a set of spatial components that appear more sparse than their Independent Component Analysis (ICA) counterpart. These tools are combined and applied to a fMRI dataset comprising 12 subjects with resting-state and activation runs (Sadaghiani et al., 2009). Results stemming from those analysis confirm the already reported task-related decrease of long memory in functional networks, but also show that it occurs in artifacts, thus making this feature not specific to functional networks. Further, results indicate that most fMRI signals appear multifractal at rest except in non-cortical regions. Task-related modulation of multifractality appears only significant in functional networks and thus can be considered as the key property disentangling functional networks from artifacts. These finding are discussed in the light of the recent literature reporting scaling dynamics of EEG microstate sequences at rest and addressing non-stationarity issues in temporally independent fMRI modes.
Answer sets for consistent query answering in inconsistent databases (2003)

A relational database is inconsistent if it does not satisfy a given set of integrity constraints. Nevertheless, it is likely that most of the data in it is consistent with the constraints. In this paper we apply logic programming based on answer sets to the problem of retrieving consistent information from a possibly inconsistent database. Since consistent information persists from the original database to every of its minimal repairs, the approach is based on a specification of database repairs using disjunctive logic programs with exceptions, whose answer set semantics can be represented and computed by systems that implement stable model semantics. These programs allow us to declare persistence by default of data from the original instance to the repairs; and changes to restore consistency, by exceptions. We concentrate mainly on logic programs for binary integrity constraints, among which we find most of the integrity constraints found in practice.
Creeping flashover characteristics in (N2/SF6) gas mixture under pulse voltage (2000)

The effect of a barrier between a needle electrode and a plane one in an (N2/SF6) gas mixture on creeping flashover was investigated using a microsecond pulse voltage. The SF6 gas content was varied from 0% to 100%, and the gas pressure from 0.1 MPa to 0.3 MPa. The flashover voltage increased with increasing SF6 gas content for a positive needle electrode. For a negative needle electrode, excepting the total pressure of 0.1 MPa, at which similar flashover characteristics were obtained to the positive case, a considerable decrease in flashover voltage was found in the case of a mixture of a few percent SF6 in (N2/SF6) gas mixture at elevated total pressures. The corona behavior on the barrier in (N2/SF6) gas mixture was investigated by means of a high-speed digital framing camera. © 2000 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 131(1): 1–9, 2000
Errata: “Review of electrical contacts to phase change materials and an unexpected trend between metal work function and contact resistance to germanium telluride” [J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 38, 050805 (2020)]” (2020)

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Olivier de la Marche et l’allégorie : pour une lecture à clés du Triomphe des Dames (2006)

On connaît mieux les Mémoires d’Olivier de La Marche que ses œuvres poétiques. Et pourtant, elles obéissent au même dessein, encomiastique et didactique, et tentent de compenser les ravages de la mort par l’écriture commémorative. Ancrée dans le présent, cette poésie de circonstance recourt au style allégorique, gage de sa pérennité, qui lui permettra de franchir les siècles et de parler aux générations à venir. Déjà, en 1483, La Marche s’exerce à une écriture fragmentaire et cumulative. Le C...
Abstract 9: Peak Width of Skeletonized Mean Diffusivity and Cognition in Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy (2021)

Background: We hypothesized that Peak Width of Skeletonized Mean Diffusivity (PSMD), an automated marker of cerebral microangiopathy representing microstructural disruption of white matter (WM), would be increased in patients with cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) compared to healthy controls (HCs) and increased PSMD would be associated with lower processing speed scores (PSSs) in patients with CAA. Methods: Seventy-two nondemented probable CAA patients and 23 HCs prospectively underwent high-resolution brain MRIs and cognitive tests. PSMD scores were quantified from a probabilistic skeleton of the WM tracts as previously validated (http://www.psmd-marker.com). In subjects with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH, n=27), ICH regions were masked and removed from the PSMD pipeline. The analyses were repeated in the non-ICH hemisphere. Raw scores of Trail Making Test-B and Symbol Substitution Test were transformed into standardized z -scores and averaged to obtain PSSs. Results: The mean age (p=0.366) and sex (p=0.811) were similar between CAA patients and HCs. PSMD was higher in the CAA group [(3.95±0.9) х 10 –4 mm 2 /s] compared to HCs [(3.32±0.6) х 10 –4 mm 2 /s] (p=0.003). This association remained significant in a linear regression model corrected for age and sex (β=0.700, 95%CI 0.3-1, p=0.001). Within the CAA cohort, higher PSMD was associated with higher WM hyperintensity volume in a multiple regression model adjusted for all relevant variables (β=0.890, 95%CI 0.7-1, p&lt;0.001). In a regression model corrected for age, sex, years of education and presence of ICH, a lower PSS was independently associated with increased PSMD (β=-0.405, 95%CI {-0.6}-{-0.2}, p&lt;0.001). These results did not change when the non-ICH hemisphere was used for PSMD processing. Conclusion: PSMD is increased in CAA and is associated with worse PSSs supporting the view that disruption of white matter has a significant role in cognitive impairment in CAA.
Lotus japonicus symRK‐14 uncouples the cortical and epidermal symbiotic program (2011)

SYMRK is a leucine-rich-repeat (LRR)-receptor kinase that mediates intracellular symbioses of legumes with rhizobia and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. It participates in signalling events that lead to epidermal calcium spiking, an early cellular response that is typically considered as central for intracellular accommodation and nodule organogenesis. Here, we describe the Lotus japonicus symRK-14 mutation that alters a conserved GDPC amino-acid sequence in the SYMRK extracellular domain. Normal infection of the epidermis by fungal or bacterial symbionts was aborted in symRK-14. Likewise, epidermal responses of symRK-14 to bacterial signalling, including calcium spiking, NIN gene expression and infection thread formation, were significantly reduced. In contrast, no major negative effects on the formation of nodule primordia and cortical infection were detected. Cumulatively, our data show that the symRK-14 mutation uncouples the epidermal and cortical symbiotic program, while indicating that the SYMRK extracellular domain participates in transduction of non-equivalent signalling events. The GDPC sequence was found to be highly conserved in LRR-receptor kinases in legumes and non-legumes, including the evolutionarily distant bryophytes. Conservation of the GDPC sequence in nearly one-fourth of LRR-receptor-like kinases in the genome of Arabidopsis thaliana suggests, however, that this sequence might also play an important non-symbiotic function in this plant.
Ion mobility-mass spectrometry applied to cyclic peptide analysis: Conformational preferences of gramicidin S and linear analogs in the gas phase (2004)

In this paper, we present an investigation of the gas-phase structural differences between cyclic and linear peptide ions by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-ion mobility-mass spectrometry. Specifically, data is shown for gramicidin S (cyclo-VOLFPVOLFP where phenylalanines are D rather than L-type amino acids and the O designates the non-standard amino acid ornithine) and five linear gramicidin S analogues. Results are interpreted as evidence for a beta-sheet (or beta-hairpin) conformational preference in both linear-protonated and sodiated-cyclic gramicidin S gas-phase peptides, and a preference for the protonated-cyclic peptide to adopt a collapsed, random coil-type conformation. A comparison with solution-phase circular dichroism measurements is performed, and structures similar to those observed in the gas phase appear to be favored in low-dielectric solvents such as 2,2,2-triflouroethanol. The utility of ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS) as a means of rapidly distinguishing between linear and cyclic peptide forms in also discussed.
Geração de voz com sotaque (2002)

Como é sabido os sotaques podem estar ligados a uma zona geográfica, a um grupo social, podem até ser uma característica pessoal. O seu estudo e descrição tem interessado muitos investigadores embora normalmente esse estudo tem sido feito de modo pouco formal. No trabalho que aqui se relata, tentou-se descrever formalmente sotaques e disfunções através de criação de regras a integrar como variantes num gerador de voz. Deste modo, pretendeu-se criar um ambiente de experimentação dos modelos construídos para descrever algumas características de certos sotaques ou certas disfunções, de modo a permitir a sua validação. Constatou-se que se consegue obter certas disfunções e certos sotaques com facilidade por simples acrescento de regras opcionais em certas fases da geração da voz. Outros, aparentam ser de maior dificuldade, ou por não conhecermos suficiente bem os fenómenos neles envolvidos ou envolverem maior complexidade prosódica.
Micromachined biosensor system for interstitial fluid sampling and glucose monitoring (2012)

Continuous blood glucose monitoring is critically important for people with diabetes mellitus. In this paper, considering the long-term, flexible blood glucose monitoring demand, a biosensor system for interstitial fluid (ISF) ultrafiltration sampling and on-line monitoring of blood glucose is presented. The sensor system mainly consists of microfluidics base, silicon glucose sensor chip, and pressure supply module. It could harvest sufficient ISF quickly for glucose monitoring and discharge the used ISF after each measurement. The silicon glucose sensor chip is provided with diffusion control of the analyte through a porous silicon membrane into a silicon etched cavity containing the agarose immobilised enzyme. Experimental results show that the sensor system meets the needs of flexible ISF sampling, and its signal response time at increasing glucose concentrations is about 5s; The linear range is large enough to cover the required broad area of blood glucose (0.2 ~ 20 mmol/L), the sensitivity is 9.76 nA/mmol. L-1, and the correlation coefficient is 0.9954. This glucose sensor chip has better reliability and stability, and it is easier to integrate into the sensor system for ISF sampling and subsequent glucose monitoring.
A phenomenological approach to normal form modeling: a case study in laser induced nematodynamics (2005)

An experimental setting for the polarimetric study of optically induced dynamical behavior in nematic liquid crystal films has allowed to identify most notably some behavior which was recognized as gluing bifurcations leading to chaos. This analysis of the data used a comparison with a model for the transition to chaos via gluing bifurcations in optically excited nematic liquid crystals previously proposed by G. Demeter and L. Kramer. The model of these last authors, proposed about twenty years before, does not have the central symmetry which one would expect for minimal dimensional models for chaos in nematics in view of the time series. What we show here is that the simplest truncated normal forms for gluing, with the appropriate symmetry and minimal dimension, do exhibit time signals that are embarrassingly similar to the ones found using the above mentioned experimental settings. The gluing bifurcation scenario itself is only visible in limited parameter ranges and substantial aspect of the chaos that can be observed is due to other factors. First, out of the immediate neighborhood of the homoclinic curve, nonlinearity can produce expansion leading to chaos when combined with the recurrence induced by the homoclinic behavior. Also, pairs of symmetric homoclinic orbits create extreme sensitivity to noise, so that when the noiseless approach contains a rich behavior, minute noise can transform the complex damping into sustained chaos. Leonid Shil'nikov taught us that combining global considerations and local spectral analysis near critical points is crucial to understand the phenomenology associated to homoclinic bifurcations. Here this helps us construct a phenomenological approach to modeling experiments in nonlinear dissipative contexts.
Increasing Data Communications Control Through System Simulation (1987)

Extensive project simulation and monitoring provides a cost-effective evaluation of system functions much earlier than any other method. This prompt feedback enables MIS manager to effectively reschedule, restaff, and redesign the project as necessary. This article discusses the implementation of one type of simulation system.
Force on a moving conductor due to a magnetic pole array (1973)

The braking force per pole pair exerted on a very long nonmagnetic metal sheet moving in the air gap of a magnetic pole array is investigated. An approach leading towards the design of the most efficient layout with a maximum force of interaction is described.
Lithium‐Ion Batteries: Hollow TiO2 as an Anode for Lithium Ion Batteries: Synthesis and In Situ Visualization of State of Charge (Adv. Electron. Mater. 12/2015) (2015)

In article number 1500256, Junhong Chen and co-workers introduce a facile synthesis method for hollow TiO2 using CaCO3 as a template. The resulting hollow TiO2 exhibits a high capacity with excellent cyclic performance when used as an anode for lithium ion batteries. The lithiation mechanism of the TiO2 anode is also investigated by using an in situ Raman spectroscopic imaging technique.
Interaction Mechanisms Between Acoustic Waves and MESFETS on GaAs (1987)

This paper describes the linear and nonlinear interactions between surface acoustic waves and MESFETs on GaAs. The output signals generated by SAW/MESFETs are compared to the outputs of an identical MESFET operated in a common source amplifier circuit. A model of the linear SAW/MESFET is presented which is based upon the conventional MESFET model and includes an additional voltage source to account for the transducer response of the structure. The nonlinear signals generated by the MESFET and the SAW/MESFET are shown to be the derivatives of the linear signals. In addition, the linear and nonlinear output signals generated by a SAW/diode were characterized as functions of bias. The linear signal is related to the transducer response of the structure and to its impedance as a function of bias. Nonlinear output peaks are present at bias voltages corresponding to the onset of forward conduction and the complete penetration of the depletion region through the conducting layer.