gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acute exposure to blue wavelength light during memory consolidation improves verbal memory performance (2017)

Acute exposure to light within the blue wavelengths has been shown to enhance alertness and vigilance, and lead to improved speed on reaction time tasks, possibly due to activation of the noradrenergic system. It remains unclear, however, whether the effects of blue light extend beyond simple alertness processes to also enhance other aspects of cognition, such as memory performance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a thirty minute pulse of blue light versus placebo (amber light) exposure in healthy normally rested individuals in the morning during verbal memory consolidation (i.e., 1.5 hours after memory acquisition) using an abbreviated version of the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT-II). At delayed recall, individuals who received blue light (n = 12) during the consolidation period showed significantly better long-delay verbal recall than individuals who received amber light exposure (n = 18), while controlling for the effects of general intelligence, depressive symptoms and habitual wake time. These findings extend previous work demonstrating the effect of blue light on brain activation and alertness to further demonstrate its effectiveness at facilitating better memory consolidation and subsequent retention of verbal material. Although preliminary, these findings point to a potential application of blue wavelength light to optimize memory performance in healthy populations. It remains to be determined whether blue light exposure may also enhance performance in clinical populations with memory deficits.
Dist-Orc: A Rewriting-based Distributed Implementation of Orc with Formal Analysis (2010)

Orc is a theory of orchestration of services that allows structured programming of distributed and timed computations. Several formal semantics have been proposed for Orc, including a rewriting logic semantics developed by the authors. Orc also has a fully fledged implementation in Java with functional programming features. However, as with descriptions of most distributed languages, there exists a fairly substantial gap between Orc's formal semantics and its implementation, in that: (i) programs in Orc are not easily deployable in a distributed implementation just by using Orc's formal semantics, and (ii) they are not readily formally analyzable at the level of a distributed Orc implementation. In this work, we overcome problems (i) and (ii) for Orc. Specifically, we describe an implementation technique based on rewriting logic and Maude that narrows this gap considerably. The enabling feature of this technique is Maude's support for external objects through TCP sockets. We describe how sockets are used to implement Orc site calls and returns, and to provide real-time timing information to Orc expressions and sites. We then show how Orc programs in the resulting distributed implementation can be formally analyzed at a reasonable level of abstraction by defining an abstract model of time and the socket communication infrastructure, and discuss the assumptions under which the analysis can be deemed correct. Finally, the distributed implementation and the formal analysis methodology are illustrated with a case study.
Rolling happy and unhappy balls and their coefficients of friction (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVLetterNEXTRolling happy and unhappy balls and their coefficients of frictionRobson F. Storey , Raymond B. Seymour , and George B. Kauffman Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 10, 868Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1993Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 October 1993Published inissue 1 October 1993https://doi.org/10.1021/ed070p868.1RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views174Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (926 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
MR brain iron mapping in MS (2011)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, persistent inflammatory-demyelinating disease, characterized pathologically by the presence of focal demyelinated lesions scattered throughout the CNS. According to the predominant pathologic substrate, MS has been defined as a 2-stage disease, with an early phase in which multifocal inflammation and relapses predominate, and a later phase involving progressive, diffuse neuroaxonal degeneration and increasing disability.1

MRI measures of inflammatory activity, such as number of T1 gadolinium-enhancing lesions and new and enlarged T2-weighted lesions, strongly predict the effect of treatment on relapses, supporting the use of conventional MRI (cMRI) parameters as endpoints in phase II therapy trials.2 However, a role for cMRI measures as surrogate outcome measures in phase III trials has been disclaimed because of the apparently poor correlation with the clinical disease course, in particular progression of disability, which is driven by the neurodegenerative component of the disease.3

Over the last 20 years, the MRI research community has dedicated an enormous effort to overcoming the limited sensitivity of cMRI in assessing the neurodegenerative component of MS by developing new techniques to provide better markers of the pathologic processes underlying the progression of clinical disability (demyelination and axonal loss). The 2 most specific magnetic resonance (MR) methods for detecting this neurodegenerative component are quantitative analysis of global and regional brain volume, particularly the gray matter, and proton MR spectroscopy measurement of N -acetylaspartate, a marker of axonal loss and dysfunction. …
Intelligent interface switching among heterogeneous wireless networks for vehicular communications (2012)

As future vehicular communications will most likely involve multiple wireless networks, intelligent interface switching is of essential importance to support various user preferences across different performance metrics. In this paper, we present a general optimization framework for solving the interface switching problem, and develop a flexible and efficient solution based on stochastic dynamic programming (SDP). Our framework is designed to accommodate different performance metrics such as data transfer efficiency, monetary cost, and interface switching overhead. Accordingly, the proposed SDP-based policy can easily adapt its decision based on user-specified relative importance of the various metrics. Simulation study confirms the optimality of the SDP-based policy over a range of user preference choices, and shows that it consistent outperforms several heuristic schemes.
Prokink: a protocol for numerical evaluation of helix distortions by proline (2000)

Proline residues are known to perturb the structure of helices by introducing a kink between the segments preceding and following the proline residue. The distortion of the helical structure results from the avoided steric clash between the ring of the proline at position (i) and the backbone carbonyl at position (i - 4), as well as the elimination of helix backbone H-bonds for the carbonyls at positions (i - 3) and (i - 4). Both the departure from the ideal helical pattern and the reduction in H-bond stabilization contribute to the observed flexibility of a proline-containing alpha-helix. The special local flexibility of the proline kink can confer an important role on the proline-containing helix in the conformational changes related to the function of the protein. As a useful tool in determining and evaluating the role of proline-induced flexibility and distortions in protein function, we present here a protocol to quantify the geometry of the distortion introduced in helices by prolines both as a time-averaged value and for individual 'snapshots' along a molecular dynamics simulation.
The cardiovascular effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists: a trial sequential analysis of randomized controlled trials (2013)

GLP-1 receptor agonists do not seem to show any increased risk of cardiovascular events However, the available data from RCTs remain insufficient to confirm an absence of detrimental effect. More long-term trials and population-based studies are required to provide the necessary reassurance on the cardiovascular safety of GLP-1 receptor agonists.
Is the Augmentation of K+‐Evoked Intrasynaptosomal Ca2+ Concentration Due to the Influx of Ca2+ in Rat Brain Synaptosomes? (1989)

Intraterminal free Ca2+ concentration modulates the subsequent release of neurotransmitters. Depolarization of synaptosomes with 29 mM K+ augments cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration, which is triphasic, the peak times being at 10, 60, and 180 s. We examined the characteristics of each elevation of cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration in rat brain synaptosomes which had been preincubated for 3 min with a Ca2+-channel blocker, such as La3+, diltiazem, nifedipine, or verapamil, and under conditions of hypoxia or acidosis. The concentration of free Ca2+ in the quin-2-loaded rat brain synaptosomes was detected fluorometrically. All these elevations were suppressed in the presence of 200 microM EGTA or 100 microM La3+. At the first phase, the elevation of cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration with high K+ stimuli was significantly inhibited by La3+ (20 microM) or by acidosis (pH 6.7). On the other hand, diltiazem, which is a more potent blocker of the release of Ca2+ from the mitochondria, inhibited the increasing cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration at the third phase in a concentration-dependent manner. Hypoxia also showed inhibition at the third phase. These results suggest that the augmentation of high K+-evoked cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration may be due to the influx of extracellular Ca2+. The increase in cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration at the third phase is no doubt linked to the mitochondrial function.
Time-resolved photoluminescence, positron annihilation, and Al0.23Ga0.77N/GaN heterostructure growth studies on low defect density polar and nonpolar freestanding GaN substrates grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy (2012)

Time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) and positron annihilation measurements, as well as Al0.23Ga0.77N/GaN heterostructure growth by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy were carried out on very low defect density, polar c-plane and nonpolar m-plane freestanding GaN (FS-GaN) substrates grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy. Room-temperature photoluminescence (PL) lifetime for the near-band-edge (NBE) excitonic emission of the FS-GaN substrates increases with increasing positron diffusion length (L+); i.e., decreasing gross concentration of charged and neutral point defects and complexes. The best undoped c-plane FS-GaN exhibits record-long L+ being 116 nm. The fast component of the PL lifetime for its NBE emission increases with temperature rise up to 100 K and levels off at approximately 1.1 ns. The result implies a saturation in thermal activation of nonradiative recombination centers. The surface and interface roughnesses for a Si-doped Al0.23Ga0.77N/GaN/Al0.18Ga0.82N/GaN heterostructure are improved by the use of FS-GaN substrates, in comparison with the structure fabricated on a standard GaN template. The emission signals related to the recombination of a two-dimensional electron gas and excited holes are recognized for an Al0.23Ga0.77N/GaN single heterostructure grown on the c-plane FS-GaN substrate.
New Versatile Route to the Synthesis of Tetrahydro-β-carbolines and Tetrahydro-pyrano[3,4-b]indoles via an Intramolecular Michael Addition Catalyzed by InBr3 (2003)

A simple multistep synthetic strategy to 4-substituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline and 1,3,4,9-tetrahydro-pyrano[3,4-b]indole derivatives starting from commercially available indole 2-carboxylic acid (5) is described. The final intramolecular Michael addition promoted by catalytic amount of InBr(3) (5-10 mol %) provided the expected polycyclic compounds in excellent yields (up to 97%) both in anhydrous organic and aqueous media.
Oligomerization of the heteromeric γ-aminobutyric acid receptor GABAB in a eukaryotic cell-free system (2022)

Understanding the assembly mechanism and function of membrane proteins is a fundamental problem in biochemical research. Among the membrane proteins, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent the largest class in the human body and have long been considered to function as monomers. Nowadays, the oligomeric assembly of GPCRs is widely accepted, although the functional importance and therapeutic intervention remain largely unexplored. This is partly due to difficulties in the heterologous production of membrane proteins. Cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) with its endogenous endoplasmic reticulum-derived structures has proven as a technique to address this issue. In this study, we investigate for the first time the conceptual CFPS of a heteromeric GPCR, the γ-aminobutyric acid receptor type B (GABA<sub>B</sub>), from its protomers BR1 and BR2 using a eukaryotic cell-free lysate. Using a fluorescence-based proximity ligation assay, we provide evidence for colocalization and thus suggesting heterodimerization. We prove the heterodimeric assembly by a bioluminescence resonance energy transfer saturation assay providing the manufacturability of a heterodimeric GPCR by CFPS. Additionally, we show the binding of a fluorescent orthosteric antagonist, demonstrating the feasibility of combining the CFPS of GPCRs with pharmacological applications. These results provide a simple and powerful experimental platform for the synthesis of heteromeric GPCRs and open new perspectives for the modelling of protein-protein interactions. Accordingly, the presented technology enables the targeting of protein assemblies as a new interface for pharmacological intervention in disease-relevant dimers.
Solid Waste Removes Toxic Liquid Waste:  Adsorption of Chromium(VI) by Iron Complexed Protein Waste (2005)

The leather processing industry generates huge amounts of wastes, both in solid and liquid form. Fleshing from animal hides/skins is one such waste that is high in protein content. In this study, raw fleshing has been complexed with iron and is used for removal of chromium(VI). The effect of pH and the initial concentration of chromium(VI) on the removal of Cr(IV) by iron treated fleshing is presented. Iron treatment is shown to greatly improve adsorption of the fleshing for hexavalent chromium. The ultimate adsorption capacity of iron treated fleshing is 51 mg of chromium(VI) per gram of fleshing. That of untreated fleshing is 9 mg/g such that iron treatment increases the adsorption capacity of fleshing by 10-fold. The measured adsorption kinetics is well described by a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The uptake of chromium(VI) by fleshing is best described by the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) studies show that the iron is incorporated into the protein matrix. Shifts in XPS spectra suggest that dichromate binding occurs with iron at active adsorption sites and that iron treated fleshing removes chromium(VI) without reducing it to chromium(III).
Inhibitory effects of the JAK inhibitor CP690,550 on human CD4+ T lymphocyte cytokine production (2011)

Therefore, CP690,550-mediated modification of the JAK/STAT pathway may be a new immunosuppressive strategy in the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
An Analysis of the Skype Peer-to-Peer Internet Telephony Protocol (2006)

Skype is a peer-to-peer VoIP client developed by KaZaa in 2003. Skype claims that it can work almost seamlessly across NATs and firewalls and has better voice quality than the MSN and Yahoo IM applications. It encrypts calls end-to-end, and stores user information in a decentralized fashion. Skype also supports instant messaging and conferencing. This report analyzes key Skype functions such as login, NAT and firewall traversal, call establishment, media transfer, codecs, and conferencing under three different network setups. Analysis is performed by careful study of Skype network traffic.
The dppBCDF gene cluster of Haemophilus influenzae: Role in heme utilization (2009)

The dppCBDF gene cluster constitutes part of the periplasmic heme-acquisition systems of H. influenzae.
Efficient color routing with a dispersion-controlled waveguide array (2013)

Splitting white light into its constituent spectral components has been of interest ever since Newton first discovered the phenomenon of color separation. Many devices have since been conceived to achieve efficient wavelength separation, yet a large number of applications, e.g., in display technology, still use simple color absorption or rejection filters that absorb or reflect unwanted wavelengths, thus wasting luminous energy. Here, we demonstrate a novel microsized device concept that enables efficient color routing. The device operation is based on differential material dispersion in a waveguide array, which causes different wavelength signals to couple selectively into appropriate waveguides. A theoretical power delivery of greater than 50% for a tricolor wavelength router is obtained, compared to 33% expected from geometry alone. The principle of operation is demonstrated experimentally for a dual-color light field, where we achieve a higher than 70% routing efficiency (compared to 50% from geometry), thus highlighting the feasibility of this novel and promising approach.
Generation of viable calves derived from developmentally mature blastocysts produced by on-gel culture (2022)

Conventional culture systems for bovine embryos are unable to support sustained embryonic development until the developmentally mature blastocyst stage. Although we have previously developed an on-gel culture system that enables bovine blastocysts to complete cell segregation events at day (D) 10 following in vitro culture, the development of D10 blastocysts to term has yet to be achieved. In this study, we attained full-term development of D10 mature blastocysts produced using an on-gel culture system. Two calves derived from on-gel-cultured embryos were vaginally born, showing normal birth and placental weights and no obvious morphological abnormalities. Moreover, we detected no abnormalities in blood metabolic profile analyses. Our findings indicate that on-gel culturing can be used to facilitate the development of developmentally mature blastocysts to term, and produce healthy viable calves. This culture system could make a valuable contribution to cattle production and would enable a range of analyses for characterizing bovine-specific pre-implantation development.
Chemical Proteomics Reveals Ferrochelatase as a Common Off-target of Kinase Inhibitors (2016)

Many protein kinases are valid drug targets in oncology because they are key components of signal transduction pathways. The number of clinical kinase inhibitors is on the rise, but these molecules often exhibit polypharmacology, potentially eliciting desired and toxic effects. Therefore, a comprehensive assessment of a compound's target space is desirable for a better understanding of its biological effects. The enzyme ferrochelatase (FECH) catalyzes the conversion of protoporphyrin IX into heme and was recently found to be an off-target of the BRAF inhibitor Vemurafenib, likely explaining the phototoxicity associated with this drug in melanoma patients. This raises the question of whether FECH binding is a more general feature of kinase inhibitors. To address this, we applied a chemical proteomics approach using kinobeads to evaluate 226 clinical kinase inhibitors for their ability to bind FECH. Surprisingly, low or submicromolar FECH binding was detected for 29 of all compounds tested and isothermal dose response measurements confirmed target engagement in cells. We also show that Vemurafenib, Linsitinib, Neratinib, and MK-2461 reduce heme levels in K562 cells, verifying that drug binding leads to a loss of FECH activity. Further biochemical and docking experiments identified the protoporphyrin pocket in FECH as one major drug binding site. Since the genetic loss of FECH activity leads to photosensitivity in humans, our data strongly suggest that FECH inhibition by kinase inhibitors is the molecular mechanism triggering photosensitivity in patients. We therefore suggest that a FECH assay should generally be part of the preclinical molecular toxicology package for the development of kinase inhibitors.
Synthesis ofC‐Aryl‐flavonoid Derivatives via Suzuki‐Miyaura Coupling Reaction† (2006)

Abstract A variety of 4′‐ and 3‐ C ‐aryl‐quercetin derivatives were conveniently synthesized via Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling of the corresponding quercetin‐ O ‐triflates with aryl boronic acids or boronates.
Generalized hierarchical encryption of JPEG 2000 codestreams for access control (2005)

This paper proposes an encryption scheme maintaining hierarchy of JPEG 2000 codestreams for flexible access control. JPEG 2000 generates hierarchical codestreams and has flexible scalability, such as, SNR, space, or color components. In a proposed method, only one managed key (master key) exists, and for a user permitted to access a reserved image quality, only one key generated by the master key is delivered. Also, a different key generated by the master key is delivered for a user permitted to access a different quality. The proposed access control method is available for all kinds of JPEG 2000 scalability. On the other hand, some conventional methods need several keys to control image quality. Another conventional method is not suitable for JPEG 2000 scalability.
Experimental evidence of element and isotope separation in a rotating plasma (1971)

It has been suggested that the strong centripetal acceleration in a rotating plasma typically of the order 5*1010m/sec2, can be used for separating difference species of elements and isotopes. This paper presents an experimental investigation of separation effects in a rotating plasma, and a method for collecting separated plasma. The main diagnostic technique is mass spectrometry.