gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Generalized MMSE Detection Techniques for Multipoint-to-Point Systems (2006)

We propose a receiver for multipoint-to-point sys- tems based on the minimum mean square error (MMSE) criterion, where the symbols are detected in groups and already detected symbols are fed back for interference subtraction, as known for decision feedback equalization (DFE). The proposed scaled DFE (SDFE) has two special cases: 1) DFE for a group size of one, i.e., for symbol-by-symbol detection. 2) Maximum likelihood detection (MLD), if the group comprises all transmitted symbols. The diversity order of SDFE lies between the poor diversity order of DFE and the full diversity order of MLD. Therefore, SDFE offers a trade-off between complexity due to the group-wise symbol detection and the increased diversity order compared to DFE. We also present an algorithm to compute the SDFE filters with an order of complexity which is the same as that to compute linear equalization filters. Motivated by the promising results of detectors based on lattice reduction (LR), we combine SDFE with LR. The resulting detector exhibits full diversity order and improved performance compared to LR-DFE. The simulations show that SDFE is an interesting general- ization of DFE for detectors with zero-forcing constraint, since SDFE even outperforms LR-DFE for realistic signal-to-noise- ratio (SNR). However, LR-DFE exhibits the best results for an affordable complexity, when dropping the zero-forcing constraint.
Tight Focal Spot and Long Depth of Focus by Radially Polarized, Narrow-Width Annular Beams from Photonic-Crystal Lasers (2009)

We found that tighter focal spots with longer depths of focus are achieved by radially polarized annular beams with controlled inner and outer radii, which could lead to high-tolerance, super-resolution applications in compact optical systems.
BPRules and the BPR-Framework: Comprehensive Support for Managing QoS in Web Service Compositions (2012)

For a successful collaboration between enterprises, Web services and service compositions need to fulfill certain QoS (Quality of Service) requirements so that they can be trusted by their clients. Thus, the best services have to be chosen for the composition, the performance of the composition needs to be monitored and in case of QoS deviations, appropriate management actions are required. We propose the BPRules language and the BPR-framework that offer novel capabilities and improved flexibility for the management of BPEL processes with regard to QoS concerns. The BPRules language allows to specify the QoS monitoring of BPEL processes and offers a variety of management actions for controlling the process and for the improvement of its QoS behavior. Thereby, the BPR-framework provides the necessary components to perform the QoS monitoring and to execute the management actions. For the selection of high quality services, the BPR-framework comes with efficient selection algorithms, like our OPTIM_PRO algorithm. We present the features of BPRules that we consider as indispensable for managing the services’ QoS behavior.
Studies on conjugated nitriles. VI. Reaction of 2-methylquinoline and related compounds with acyl cyanides. (1991)

The reactions of 2-methylquinoline (7), 2-methylbenzothiazole (25), and related compounds 8-11 and 26-30 with benzoyl cyanide (1) or 4-nitrobenzoyl cyanide (2) proceeded via the cyanohydrin derivatives to afford the corresponding C-acylated products 12-17 and 31-36.
The importance of neutral base recombination in compromising the gain of Si/SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistors (1991)

Si/SiGe heterojunction transistors were fabricated with 21.4 nm, heavily doped (5*10/sup 19/ cm/sup -3/) bases. Electrical results from these transistors are presented, and compared with results from comparable silicon homojunction control devices. These results indicate that the collector current is enhanced by a factor of 13, but the potential gain enhancement is compromised by a six-fold increase in base current. The base current is shown to be strongly dependent upon the collector/base voltage, indicating that recombination in the neutral base is the mechanism responsible for the increased base current. The recombination can only be modeled if the lifetime near the collector/base junction is significantly lower than elsewhere in the base. A simple two-region lifetime model predicts a value of 3.0*10/sup -13/ s close to the collector-base junction.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Characteristics of Adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Plus Substance Use Disorder: The Role of Psychiatric Comorbidity (2005)

The objective of the study was to investigate the characteristics of adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) or substance use disorder (SUD), especially in the context of comorbid psychiatric disorders. Subjects were adults (n = 78) participating in a controlled family study of ADHD and SUD. Four groups were identified based on a diagnosis of ADHD or SUD: ADHD, SUD, ADHD + SUD, and neither ADHD nor SUD. All diagnoses were determined by structured clinical interview for DSM IV. Rates of psychiatric comorbidity were lowest in the controls, intermediate in the ADHD and SUD groups, and highest in the ADHD + SUD group. Relative to controls, the ADHD, SUD, and ADHD + SUD groups had higher rates of major depression (z = 1.98, p = 0.05), conduct disorder (z = 2.0, p = 0.04), antisocial personality disorder (z = 2.6, p = 0.009), agoraphobia (z = 2.5, p = 0.01) and social phobia (z = 2.7, p = 0.007). Higher rates of psychiatric comorbidity, especially mood and anxiety disorders, exist in subjects with SUD + ADHD relative to subjects with SUD, ADHD, or controls. Clinicians need to be attentive to other psychiatric disorders that may occur in the large group of adults with ADHD + SUD.
Identification of intra‐grain and grain boundary defects in polycrystalline Si thin films by electron paramagnetic resonance (2013)

Abstract We investigate the characteristics of intra‐grain and grain boundary defects in polycrystalline Si films, by employing quantitative electron paramagnetic resonance measurements on liquid phase crystallized layers with an average grain size of 200 µm and tailored solid phase crystallized Si layers with similar intra‐grain morphology but systematically varied grain sizes between 0.25 µm and 1 µm. The defect characteristics are found to be composed of two distinctive g ‐values of g = 2.0055 and 2.0032, which are attributed to grain boundary defects and intra‐grain defects, respectively. Additional hydrogenation leads to a reduction of the overall defect concentration, while a rapid thermal annealing process primarily heals intra‐grain defects. magnified image (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Quantification en tomographie d'emission de simples photons : de l'usage du filtre rampe pour la correction d'attenuation et de dispersion, au probleme des projections incompletes (1993)

Cette these presente la mise en uvre d'algorithmes iteratifs de reconstruction d'images en tomographie d'emission de simples photons pour la correction des phenomenes d'attenuation et de dispersion et dans le cadre des projections incompletes. Elle contient une introduction aux principes physiques de la technologie simples photons et aux principes mathematiques de la tomographie. Les deux parties suivantes rappellent et classent les algorithmes de reconstruction avec correction d'attenuation suivant les principes mathematiques qu'ils mettent en jeu: contraction, filtrage, optimisation quadratique, maximum de vraisemblance et projections sur des ensembles convexes. Optimisation et filtrage sont associes pour former de nouveaux algorithmes particulierement rapides et a la convergence demontree. Dans une quatrieme partie, ces resultats sont appliques au probleme de la correction de dispersion. Enfin, le probleme des donnees manquantes (projections tronquees) est aborde par l'introduction de connaissances a priori dans les algorithmes de reconstruction. L'apport de la correction d'attenuation est souligne
Anatomical Observation of a Craniomandibular Muscle Originating from the Skull Base: The Sphenomandibularis (1996)

This study describes a hitherto unreported, functionally distinct craniomandibular muscle as observed in 25 cadaveric specimens and MRI scans of clinical patients. The muscle was consistently observed as originating from the maxillary surface of the sphenoid bone and inserting on the temporal crest (internal oblique line) of the mandible. This anatomic observation should broaden our understanding of craniomandibular function and may have clinical implications regarding retro-orbital pain.
Decreased Absence due to Infectious Diseases in Children at Two Day Care Centres over an Eight‐Year Interval (1990)

Causes of absence were recorded at two day care centres during a seven-month period in 1979/80 and a corresponding period in 1987/88, for 82 and 87 children, respectively. During the eight-year interval absence due to disease decreased from 8.2% to 5.7% of total day-care days. A decrease in epidemic diseases during the eight years was evident. There were no cases of morbilli, parotitis or rubella in 1987/88, following an immunisation programme for these diseases initiated in 1982. An out-break of varicellae occurred in 1979/80, as compared with only few cases in 1987/88. Respiratory tract infection was the most common type of illness both in 1979/80 and in 1987/88. The mean number of illness episodes of respiratory tract infections per child, aged 5-6, was significantly higher in the earlier than in the later period, whereas no corresponding difference was evident for the younger age groups. Although, in the meantime parent benefits for home care of sick children had become more generous, attendance at the two day care centres rose from 62% in 1979/80 to 79% in 1987/88 of total day-care days, suggesting a truly decreased morbidity. The carriage rates of pneumococci, Haemophilus influenzae and Branhamella catarrhalis decreased with increasing age of the children, and that of beta-haemolytic streptococci increased; however, the carriage rates during the two periods did not differ significantly. The overall isolation frequencies of these bacteria were 72%, 43% and 38%, respectively, for children aged 1-2, 3-4, and 5-6 years, and 5.9% for the staff.
Pairwise Testing in Real World Practical Extensions to Test Case Generators (2008)

Pairwise testing has become an indispensable tool in a software tester’s toolbox. The technique has been known for almost twenty years [22] but it is the last five years that we have seen a tremendous increase in its popularity. Information on at least 20 tools that can generate pairwise test cases, have so far been published [1]. Most tools, however, lack practical features necessary for them to be used in industry. This paper pays special attention to usability of the pairwise testing technique. In particular, it does not describe any radically new method of efficient generation of pairwise test suites, a topic that has already been researched extensively, neither does it refer to any specific case studies or results obtained through this method of test case generation. It does focus on ways in which pure pairwise testing approach needs to be modified to become practically applicable and on features tools need to offer to support a tester trying to use pairwise in practice. The paper makes frequent references to PICT, an existing and publicly available tool built on top of a flexible combinatorial test case generation engine, which implements several of the concepts described herein.
Trimetallic NiFeMo for Overall Electrochemical Water Splitting with a Low Cell Voltage (2018)

We report the development of an efficient and earth-abundant catalyst for electrochemical overall water splitting. Trimetallic NiFeMo alloy is synthesized by hydrothermal deposition from inorganic precursors and subsequent low-temperature thermal annealing. A complete cell made of NiFeMo electrodes on nickel foam exhibits a low voltage of 1.45 V at 10 mA/cm2 as a result of low overpotentials for both hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). High-resolution transmission electron microscopy reveals that nanometer-sized single-crystal domains of Ni, Fe, and Mo are intimately integrated at the atomic level, which enables a synergistic effect of metallic Ni, Fe, and Mo for efficient HER, while self-formed Ni–Fe–Mo (oxy)hydroxides on the surface of the NiFeMo anode become active sites for OER. Such a multimetallic alloy and its (oxy)hydroxides represent a typical HER/OER catalyst couple, and our method provides a new route to develop efficient low-cost metallic alloys for overall water splitting.
Insights from native mass spectrometry approaches for top- and middle- level characterization of site-specific antibody-drug conjugates (2017)

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have emerged as a family of compounds with promise as efficient immunotherapies. First-generation ADCs were generated mostly via reactions on either lysine side-chain amines or cysteine thiol groups after reduction of the interchain disulfide bonds, resulting in heterogeneous populations with a variable number of drug loads per antibody. To control the position and the number of drug loads, new conjugation strategies aiming at the generation of more homogeneous site-specific conjugates have been developed. We report here the first multi-level characterization of a site-specific ADC by state-of-the-art mass spectrometry (MS) methods, including native MS and its hyphenation to ion mobility (IM-MS). We demonstrate the versatility of native MS methodologies for site-specific ADC analysis, with the unique ability to provide several critical quality attributes within one single run, along with a direct snapshot of ADC homogeneity/heterogeneity without extensive data interpretation. The capabilities of native IM-MS to directly access site-specific ADC conformational information are also highlighted. Finally, the potential of these techniques for assessing an ADC's heterogeneity/homogeneity is illustrated by comparing the analytical characterization of a site-specific DAR4 ADC to that of first-generation ADCs. Altogether, our results highlight the compatibility, versatility, and benefits of native MS approaches for the analytical characterization of all types of ADCs, including site-specific conjugates. Thus, we envision integrating native MS and IM-MS approaches, even in their latest state-of-the-art forms, into workflows that benchmark bioconjugation strategies.
Thermo-Mechanical Responses of a Surface-Coupled AFM Cantilever (2005)

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been widely used for measuring mechanical properties of biological specimens such as cells, DNA, and proteins. This is usually done by monitoring deformations in response to controlled applied forces, which have to be at ultralow levels due to the extreme softness of the specimens. Consequently, such experiments may be susceptible to thermal excitations, manifested as force and displacement fluctuations that could reduce the measurement accuracy. To take advantage of, rather than to be limited by, such fluctuations, we have characterized the thermomechanical responses of an arbitrarily shaped AFM cantilever with the tip coupled to an elastic spring. Our analysis shows that the cantilever and the specimen behave as springs in parallel. This provides a method for determining the elasticity of the specimen by measuring the change in the tip fluctuations in the presence and absence of coupling. For rectangular and V-shaped cantilevers, we have derived a relationship between the mean-square deflection and the mean-square inclination and an approximate expression for the specimen spring constant in terms of contributions to the mean-square inclination from the first few vibration modes.
Centering the projection reconstruction trajectory: Reducing gradient delay errors (2003)

The projection reconstruction (PR) trajectory was investigated for the effect of gradient timing delays between the actual and requested start time of each physical gradient. Radial trajectories constructed with delayed gradients miss the center of k-space in an angularly dependent manner, causing effective echo times to vary with projection angle. The gradient timing delays were measured in phantoms, revealing delays on the x, y, and z gradients which differed by as much as 5 micro sec. Using this one-time calibration measurement, the trajectories were corrected for gradient delays by addition of compensatory gradient areas to the prephasers of the logical x and y readout gradients. Effective projection-to-projection echo time variability was reduced to less than 1 micro sec for all imaging orientations. Using corrected trajectories, artifacts were reduced in phantom images and in volunteer studies. This correction should potentiate greater clinical use of the PR trajectory.
Role of Maternal Diet in the Risk of Childhood Acute Leukemia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2023)

Many studies have investigated the etiology of acute leukemia, one of the most common types of cancer in children; however, there is a lack of clarity regarding preventable risk factors. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize the current evidence regarding the role of maternal dietary factors in the development of childhood leukemia. All epidemiological studies published until July 2022 that evaluated maternal dietary risk factors for childhood acute leukemia were identified in two electronic databases (PubMed and Web of Science) without limits of publication year or language. A total of 38 studies (1 prospective cohort study, 34 case-control studies and 3 studies with pooled analysis) were included. The published risk estimates were combined into a meta-analysis, using the Generic Inverse Variance method. The maternal consumption of fruits (two or more daily servings vs. less) was inversely associated with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (odds ratio = 0.71; 95% CI, 0.59-0.86), whereas maternal coffee intake (higher than two cups per day vs. no consumption) was associated with an increased risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (odds ratio = 1.45; 95% CI, 1.12-1.89). Despite these findings, more high-quality research from cohort studies and the identification of causal factors are needed to develop evidence-based and cost-effective prevention strategies applicable at the population level. Review Registration: PROSPERO registration no. CRD42019128937.
Mapungubwe and the Origins of the Zimbabwe Culture (2000)

Class distinction and sacred leadership characterised the Zimbabwe culture, the most complex society in precolonial southern Africa. This complex society evolved between AD 1000 and 1300 at the sites of K2 and Mapungubwe in the Shashe-Limpopo Valley. Tremendous wealth from long distance trade and an increased population stimulated a series of internal transformations involving economy, social organisation, ideology, religion and settlement patterns. The abandonment of Mapungubwe for climatic reasons led to the rise of Great Zimbabwe 250 km to the north-east.
DaxibotulinumtoxinA-lanm (Daxxify™): A Comprehensive Overview. (2023)

Botulinum toxin A (BoNTA) is produced by Clostridium botulinum and widely used for aesthetic indications requiring neuromuscular blockade. For dynamic facial lines, BoNTA is effective and safe, but also temporary, requiring repeat injections approximately every 3-4 months for maintenance of effects. There is a desire by both patients and providers for a longer-lasting neurotoxin to prevent periods of suboptimal correction. Approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in September 2022, daxibotulinumtoxinA for injection (DAXI or Daxxify™) is the first long-lasting BoNTA formulated with a 150-kDa BoNTA (RTT150) and proprietary stabilizing excipient peptide (RTP004) in place of human serum albumin. DAXI is approved for treatment of moderate to severe glabellar lines. The median duration of effect was 6 months and results lasted as long as 9 months in some patients. Its unique formulation and prolonged effectiveness positions DAXI as a safe, novel BoNTA for improved durability and patient satisfaction.
Quasi-Static Viscoelastic Finite Element Model of an Aircraft Tire (1999)

An elastic large displacement thick-shell mixed finite element is modified to allow for the calculation of viscoelastic stresses. Internal strain variables are introduced at the elements stress nodes and are employed to construct a viscous material model. First order ordinary differential equations relate the internal strain variables to the corresponding elastic strains at the stress nodes. The viscous stresses are computed from the internal strain variables using viscous moduli which are a fraction of the elastic moduli. The energy dissipated by the action of the viscous stresses is included in the mixed variational functional. The nonlinear quasi-static viscous equilibrium equations are then obtained. Previously developed Taylor expansions of the nonlinear elastic equilibrium equations are modified to include the viscous terms. A predictor-corrector time marching solution algorithm is employed to solve the algebraic-differential equations. The viscous shell element is employed to co...
A biomass approach to mendable bio-elastomers (2017)

Sustainable bioelastomers with high elastic recovery, high resilience and mendability are conceptualized with low chain-entanglement polymers that are predominantly originated from renewable biomass. Polymers with plant oil-derived fatty groups at the side chain were installed with furan, which allowed Diels-Alder addition to introduce dynamic covalent crosslinking. These elastomers are mendable via retro Diels-Alder. Reprocessing of these polymers led to the formation of elastomers with preservation of excellent resilience and elastic recovery.
Research of All-optical Broadcast Doublet Signals Based on Semiconductor Fiber Ring Laser (2019)

A novel scheme for all-optical generate ultra-wideband (UWB) signals based on semiconductor fiber ring laser (SFRL) is proposed, in which three doublet signals can be generated simultaneously. A comprehensive broad-band dynamic model of this kind of all-optical UWB doublet signals is presented. With a numerical simulation, the effects of the bias current of the Semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) in the SFRL, the relative delay of input signal light and lasing light in the SFRL, and the power of input signal light on the performance of the doublet signals are investigated. The results show that when the bias current of the SOA, the relative delay between the input signal light and the lasing light in the SFRL, the power of input signal light change, the waveform of output doublet signals are significantly affected, but the radio frequency (RF) spectra of doublet signals conform to requirements for the UWB signal. The optimized scope of the bias current of SOA, the relative delay between the input signal light and the lasing light in the SFRL, and the power of the input signal light are given by simulation in this paper.