gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
G0500503 Inter-laboratory comparison of water flow calibration facilities with high accuracy (2015)

An inner-laboratory comparison for water flow calibration facilities with high accuracy, in other word, very low uncertainty is performed between Endress+Hauser Japan (EHJ) and Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, National Metrology Institute of Japan (AIST, NMJ.J). Flowrate range examined in this comparison is from 31 kg/h to 36000 kg/h. The expanded uncertainties at EHJ and at AIST, NMIJ are estimated to be 0.020% - 0.025% and 0.021% - 0.023%, respectively. The transfer meters are Coriolis flowmeters. The comparison results show nice agreement. The difference between two labs is within 0.02% and En value is less than 0.6. Especially, for flowrate more than 10000 kg/h, the difference is less than 0.01% and En value is less than 0.2.
Supplier management: past, present and anticipated future perspectives (2007)

The study illustrates the historical development of the criteria used for supplier management, and suggests a possible future trend as a result of this development. This study stems from globalisation in the private sector, and many policy initiatives of Thai public agencies to assist specific industries, such as electronic and automotive sectors. The awareness of these past and current developments, coupled with anticipation of a possible future trend, should help large companies and Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) become better prepared. This study initially relies on literature reviews for identifying the criteria's historical development, and later confirms the result with separate surveys to companies belonging to the Federation of Thai Industries (FTI). A future trend on accreditation practices is suggested and discussed. This is potentially useful for value chain management, especially for SMEs when dealing with large companies. The follow-up discussion seems to agree with this suggestion.
한반도 신뢰구축의 신화와 현실 (2013)

박근혜 대통령의 “신뢰외교(trustpolitik)” 제안은 굳건한 억제에 기초하여 대화재개와 대북지원을 함께 추진하고자 한다. 고무적인 일이기는 하지만, 북한과의 전쟁을 염두에 둔 한미 군사전략의 속성을 감안할 때 한국은 북한과의 신뢰구축에 어려움을 겪을 것이다. 간단히 말해, 한미 연합사(CFC)가 한반도에서 수행하고자 하는 전쟁 방식은 핵 위기고조의 가능성이 매우 높다. 즉, 북한이 이미 당면한 재래식 전쟁에서 핵의 사용에 의지하고자 유인(誘因)을 심화시킬 수 있다. 현대의 “전쟁방식”(way of war)은 적의 지도부를 신속히 파괴하고 적의 지휘통제를 무력화시키고 적의 상황인식을 방해하기 위해 항공타격에 크게 의존하고 있다. 본고는 이러한 전쟁방식이 북핵 문제의 핵 위기고조 가능성을 얼마나 크게 증가시킬 것인가를 살펴보고자 한다. 결론에서는 한미 지도자들에게 중요한 정책과 전력구조에 대한 함의를 제시하고자 한다.
Clock buffer polarity assignment with skew tuning (2011)

A clock polarity assignment method is proposed that reduces the peak current on the vdd/gnd rails of an integrated circuit. The impacts of (i) the output capacitive load on the peak current drawn by the sink-level clock buffers, and (ii) the buffer/inverter replacement scheme of polarity assignment on timing accuracy are considered in the formulation. The proposed sink-level-only polarity assignment is performed by a lexi-search algorithm in order to balance the peak current on the clock tree. Most of the previous polarity assignment methods that do not include clock tree resynthesis lead to an undesirable increase in the worst corner clock skew. Hence, a skew-tuning scheme is proposed that reduces the clock skew through polarity refinement and not through clock tree resynthesis. The proposed polarity assignment method with the skew-tuning scheme is implemented within an industrial design flow for practicality. Experimental results show that the worst-case peak current drawn by the clock tree can be reduced by an average of 36.5%. The worst corner clock skew is increased from 60.7ps to 76.2ps by applying the proposed polarity assignment method. The proposed skew-tuning scheme reduces the worst-case clock skew from 76.2ps to 61.5ps, on average, with a limited degradation in the peak current improvement (36.5% to 31.2%, on average).
Role of chiral scalar and pseudoscalar in two-photon production of a superlight gravitino (1988)

The interesting possibility of observing a superlight gravitino in photon-photon collisions has been pointed out recently. A complete analysis is done of that problem taking into full account the contributions from superlight chiral scalar and pseudoscalar hidden-sector particles which couple gravitationally. The order of magnitude of the cross section is the same as that in the earlier work.
Conflict checking of separation of duty constraints in RBAC - implementation experiences. (2004)

Separation of duty constraints define mutual exclusion relations between two entities (e.g. two permissions). Thus, a software component that supports the definition of separation of duty constraints implicitly requires a means to control their definition and to ensure the consistency of the resulting runtime structures. In this paper, we present our experiences with the implementation of conflict-checking methods for separation of duty constraints in the XORBAC access control service.
Electronic Kaleidoscopes for the Mind (1993)

Abstract The goal ofthis article is to present an informal introduction and tutorial on aestheticallypleasing kaleidoscopic images. The article is intended for the non‐mathematical reader interested in computer art. Simple generating formulas and recipes are included.
On the Importance of the Azimuth Offset in a Combined 1P and 2P SISO IPC Implementation for Wind Turbine Fatigue Load Reductions (2019)

Wind turbines experience periodic loads causing fatigue damage to blades and structural parts. The application of individual pitch control (IPC) using the multi-blade coordinate (MBC) transformation enables the attenuation of these loads. Often, the transformed fixed-frame load signals are subject to a single-input single-output controller design. However, the coupling between the transformed fixed-frame axes increases for higher load harmonics, increased actuator phase lag, and larger rotors with more flexible blades, posing a need for multivariable controller designs or decoupling strategies. It has been shown earlier that the coupling for the 1P harmonic is minimized by introduction of an azimuth offset in the MBC transformation. This paper extends the previous work and demonstrates the consequences and importance of including the azimuth offset for mitigation of higher load harmonics. A multivariable sensitivity and fatigue load analysis is performed using different pitch actuator models. Results from high-fidelity simulations show near-perfect attenuation of 1P and 2P periodic loads by including the azimuth offset, whereas by excluding the offset, the performance worsens with respect to the baseline case without IPC.
Effect of Soaking and Cooking on the Saponin Content and Composition of Chickpeas (Cicer arietinum) and Lentils (Lens culinaris) (1996)

Changes in the saponin content and composition of both chickpeas (Cicer arietinum) and lentils (Lens culinaris) were investigated after the seeds were soaked in distilled water, citric acid, and sodium bicarbonate solutions. The effect of cooking for 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after the seeds were presoaked in distilled water was also studied. Soaking did not modify the saponin content or composition of chickpeas and lentils regardless of the pH of the soaking solution. The native saponin, soyasaponin VI, was partially degraded during cooking into soyasaponin I, and both of these saponins leached into the cooking solution, 2−5% and 6−14% for chickpea and lentil, respectively. An overall loss of saponin content was found for lentil (15−31% loss), but none was observed for chickpea. Keywords: Saponins; soaking; cooking; Cicer arietinum; Lens culinaris
A new early and automated MRI-based predictor of motor improvement after stroke (2012)

These findings represent a proof of principle that contralesional diffusion MRI measures may provide reliable information for personalized rehabilitation planning after ischemic motor stroke.
Cylindrical transducer scatter scanner (1980)

A new imaging technique based on scatter at right angles from tissue has been investigated. Separate transmitting and receiving transducers are employed. The transmitting transducer generates a cylindrical wavefront that converges to a line focus in the object. A receiving transducer, aligned coaxially with the line focus, detects the ultrasound waves scattered at 90° from structures in the object. Because of the high degree of cylindrical focusing, the scatter is treated as if it arises from points on or very near the line focus. This allows the use of a ranging approach similar to that employed in conventional pulse–echo imaging. A tomographic image is generated by translating or rotating the two transducers as a unit while appropriately displaying the scatter information. This approach eliminates the depth-of-field problem inherent in pulse–echo imaging without sacrificing the speed or simplicity of the imaging process. The distribution of ultrasound in the field of the cylindrical transducer is treated theoretically for cylinder angles ranging from 30° to 360°. Experimental verification of theory was performed using a 120° cylinder. Here the full width at half maximum of the amplitude of the main lobe was 0.5 λ by 2.3 λ (0.15 mm × 0.7 mm at 5 MHz). An experimental scatter scanner is described, and images of a simple phantom and an in vitro tissue sample are given.
Matrix effects in biological mass spectrometry imaging: identification and compensation (2014)

Matrix effects in mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) may affect the observed molecular distribution in chemical and biological systems. In this study, we use mouse brain tissue of a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) stroke model to examine matrix effects in nanospray desorption electrospray ionization MSI (nano-DESI MSI). This is achieved by normalizing the intensity of the sodium and potassium adducts of endogenous phosphatidylcholine (PC) species to the intensity of the corresponding adduct of the PC standard supplied at a constant rate with the nano-DESI solvent. The use of MCAO model with an ischemic region localized to one hemisphere of the brain enables immediate comparison of matrix effects within one ion image. Furthermore, significant differences in sodium and potassium concentrations in the ischemic region in comparison with the healthy tissue allowed us to distinguish between two types of matrix effects. Specifically, we discuss matrix effects originating from variations in alkali metal concentrations and matrix effects originating from variations in the molecular composition of the tissue. Compensation for both types of matrix effects was achieved by normalizing the signals corresponding to endogenous PC to the signals of the standards. This approach, which does not introduce any complexity in sample preparation, efficiently compensates for signal variations resulting from differences in the local concentrations of sodium and potassium in tissue sections and from the complexity of the extracted analyte mixture derived from local variations in molecular composition.
Feature Selection for Extracting Semantically Rich Words (2004)

Abstract: "The utility of semantic knowledge, in the form of ontologies, is widely acknowledged. In particular, semantic knowledge facilitates integration, visualization, and maintenance of information from various sources. However, the majority of previous work in this field has tried to learn ontologies for relatively constrained domains. In other words, to date, there has been relatively little work on trying to construct ontologies for an open domain, where there are enormous needs for such ontologies. Moreover, there have been few studies that empirically examine the value of text learning techniques to extract a set of candidate words for concept words in a domain ontology. The goal of this work is to examine the usefulness of existing feature selection methods for the extraction of a set of good candidate words for concept words in an ontology. From the experimental results, we found that the existing word feature selection methods are quite useful for ontology learning, in that there is a good overlap between the word sets identified by feature selection methods and the words in a manually built domain ontology. Finally, from our experience of working on this paper, we enumerate the desiderata for a domain ontology learning system."
Imaging via spatial light modulation at photon-counting light levels (1996)

Summary form only given. In summary when an incoming photon is absorbed by the avalanche photodiode (APD) under applied voltage, a localized avalanche of charge carriers is created. The electron avalanche causes localized heating, which alters the local optical properties (index of refraction) of the diode, allowing it to act as a spatial light modulator. Amplitude modulation may be easily achieved by using the front and backsurfaces of the APD to form a Fabry Perot interferometer. This thermo-optic modulation is observed even when a single photon initiates the response.
Antibiotic resistance associated with aquaculture in Vietnam (2016)

The fishery sector is an important source of income, employment and food supply in Vietnam. In 2014, Vietnam was ranked the world's fourth largest exporter and the third largest producer of farmed foodfish. Vietnam seafood export has attained the value of over US$6.0 billion since 2011 and reached a peak of US$7.9 billion in 2014. However, many problems and diseases confront sustainable development of the fishery sector and overuse of antibiotics is considered a major challenge. Antibiotics are used in aquaculture for both therapeutic and prophylactic reasons. Various antimicrobials used in human medicine are also used for food animals even for non-therapeutic use. The use of antibiotics in health management of aquaculture farming is of great concern due to possible residues in aquatic products and in the development of antibiotic resistance. In 2005 the Vietnamese government first promulgated a list of medicines, chemicals and antibiotics that are banned or limited for use in aquaculture and this is regularly updated and amended to tackle the growing problem of antibiotic resistance.
In Vivo Modeling for Glucose Homeostasis (1975)

A model for the glucose-insulin control system has been developed. The primary controllers in this model are the pancreas and liver. These subsystems operate within the metabolic environment to maintain normal glucose levels. The prime control variables for each subsystem, as well as for systemic glucose utilization, are the plasma glucose and insulin concentrations perfusing these organs.
Particle filters: a new method for reconstructing multiple current dipoles from meg data (2007)

We adapted a Bayesian tracking algorithm called particle filtering for estimating multiple current dipoles from magnetoencephalographic measurements. This method can reconstruct temporally correlated as well as moving dipolar sources in a fully automatic way. Here, we introduce the method and demonstrate its performance by modelling the highly correlated bilateral sources underlying the N100 auditory evoked response.
Electrochemical Sensors Based on Au-ZnS Hybrid Nanorods with Au-Mediated Efficient Electron Relay (2018)

Development of a novel and stable electrochemical sensor electrode for the sensitive and reliable determination of p-nitrophenol (p-NP) is of great importance to environment. In the present work, electrocatalysts of Au/ZnS hybrid nanorods were prepared via a facile photoassisted reduction process for an efficient detection of p-NP. The microscopic analysis revealed the uniform adherence of Au onto ZnS nanorods. As-fabricated AZS nanorods were evaluated for the efficient sensing of p-NP by modifying a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The cyclic voltammetry analysis revealed the unique oxidative sensing ability of AZS for p-NP at 0.14 V with a low ΔEp (118 mV) when compared to that of bare GCE. On the basis of the notable sensing ability of AZS, a reliable and sensitive electrochemical method was anticipated for the determination of p-NP. Moreover, the effects of scan rate and pH level were examined to find out the optimized conditions at which there were a higher sensitivity and low detection limit. At optimal conditions, the p-NP oxidation current was found to follow linear relationships in the concentration range of 150–2000 nM, and the lowest detection limit for p-NP was obtained for 8AZS with a value of 320 nM and a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. The proposed electrochemical method was further evaluated in the presence of other inorganic cations and anions, and it was found that the interference was almost negligible. The real sample analyses confirmed the acceptable recovery levels.
Petrophysical Measurements From Drill Cuttings: An Added Value for the Reservoir Characterization Process (2006)

Summary Permeability and porosity are necessary for reservoir characterization, and cuttings can provide quick information using dedicated measurement techniques. In this paper, we present the first applications of these techniques on real reservoir characterization cases and the comparisons with logs and core data. The method of permeability measurement from cuttings is based on a pressure pulse applied to a cell filled initially with cuttings saturated with viscous fluid in the presence of trapped gas. The permeability is derived from the transient response of the oil invasion into the cuttings by using a numerical approximation of a mathematical model. The porosity of dry drill cuttings is measured using the routine helium technique. These methods were tested and validated by using various samples of crushed rock of known permeability and porosity. Both measurement techniques are fast, require light conditioning, are applicable over a large range of permeability, and need only 1 mL of sieved rock to be carried out. In this paper, we present a field application of an integrated drill cuttings measurement program [permeability, porosity, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) T2 distribution] on a carbonate reservoir. Various drilling conditions [including water-based mud (WBM) and oil-based mud (OBM)] and lithologies have been investigated to develop the different techniques that are presented in the paper. The question of whether measurements on cuttings are representative of the native reservoir is of primary importance and was checked by comparing the consistency of the porosity measurements obtained from cuttings with other data (cores or logs). The overall results demonstrate the added value of k and ϕ measurements from cuttings in addition to the data that are commonly collected.
FPGA Design Automation: A Survey (2006)

Design automation or computer-aided design (CAD) for field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) has played a critical role in the rapid advancement and adoption of FPGA technology over the past two decades. The purpose of this paper is to meet the demand for an up-to-date comprehensive survey/tutorial for FPGA design automation, with an emphasis on the recent developments within the past 5-10 years. The paper focuses on the theory and techniques that have been, or most likely will be, reduced to practice. It covers all major steps in FPGA design flow which includes: routing and placement, circuit clustering, technology mapping and architecture-specific optimization, physical synthesis, RT-level and behavior-level synthesis, and power optimization. We hope that this paper can be used both as a guide for beginners who are embarking on research in this relatively young yet exciting area, and a useful reference for established researchers in this field.
In vivo measurement of fundus pulsations by laser interferometry (1984)

A new noninvasive interferometric technique is described that yields information about the hemodynamic conditions at the fundus. Typical results as obtained from normal subjects are presented and briefly discussed. There is a typical position-dependent time course of the blood pulse induced dilatation of the fundus tissue.
Improving slug baits: the effects of some phagostimulants and molluscicides on ingestion by the slug, Deroceras reticulatum (Miiller) (Pulmonata: Limacidae) (1992)

Summary The effects of seven potential phagostimulants and of four molluscicidal compounds on feeding were examined by confining slugs with agar gels containing the chemicals in varying concentrations. Sugars generally increased the amount of gel ingested; sucrose more than glucose, lactose and fructose. Feeding increased with increasing sucrose concentration to a maximum and then fell progressively: the optimum concentration lay between 2.5% and 5%. The sweeteners saccharin and aspartame at concentrations up to 2.5% did not increase feeding. Addition of the molluscicides metaldehyde, methiocarb and ferric acetylacetonate to gels containing 2.5% sucrose progressively reduced feeding at concentrations of 0.001% and above. Metaldehyde reduced ingestion more than methiocarb and ferric acetylacetonate was intermediate. The molluscicidal herbicide Ioxynil deterred feeding completely at concentrations of 0.001%. The implications for slug bait development are discussed.
Compact active mirror laser (CAMIL) (2002)

This work presents concept and scaling considerations for a solid-state laser with a gain medium disk operating in the active mirror mode. The disk is of composite construction formed by bonding undoped optical medium to the peripheral edges of a gain medium disk. Pump diode arrays are placed around the perimeter of the composite disk and pump light is injected into the undoped edge. With proper choice of lasant doping, diode placement and diode divergence, a uniform laser gain can be achieved across large portions of the disk. To mitigate thermal deformations, the gain medium disk is pressure-clamped to a rigid, cooled substrate. Effective reduction of thermo-optical distortions makes this laser suitable for operation at high-average power.
Abstract 13834: The Effect of Dapagliflozin on Serum Uric Acid in Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction: Insights From DAPA-HF (2021)

Introduction: Elevated serum uric acid (sUA) levels are common in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). sUA, in part, reflects the use of diuretics, and higher sUA is associated with a higher risk of adverse outcomes in HFrEF. We examined the effect of dapagliflozin on sUA, and the efficacy of dapagliflozin according to baseline sUA, in the Dapagliflozin and Prevention of Adverse Outcomes in Heart Failure (DAPA-HF) trial. Methods: Patients in NYHA class II-IV with a LVEF ≤40%, and elevated plasma NT-proBNP were included in DAPA-HF. Key exclusions included hypotension, systolic BP &lt;95 mmHg, and eGFR &lt;30 ml/min/1.73m 2 . The primary outcome was a composite of worsening HF (hospitalization for HF or an urgent HF visit requiring iv therapy) or CV death. sUA was measured pre-randomization and at 52 weeks. The effect of dapagliflozin on sUA was assessed using a linear regression model adjusted for baseline value. The efficacy of dapagliflozin was assessed using baseline sUA as a continuous variable. Results: Of the 4744 randomized patients, 3119 (65.7%) had sUA measured at baseline, with a mean of 6.10±1.70 (median 5.9, IQR 4.9-7.1) mg/dL. The placebo-corrected change in sUA at 52 weeks was -0.83 mg/dL (95% CI -0.93, -0.74); p&lt;0.001.In adjusted models including diuretic use/dose, higher sUA was associated with an elevated risk of the primary endpoint; hazard ratio 1.09 (1.03-1.14) per 1mg/dL sUA; p=0.0015 Figure, Panel A .The benefit of dapagliflozin, compared with placebo, on the primary endpoint was consistent across the range of sUA studied ( Figure, Panel B ; P interaction=0.77). Conclusions: In DAPA-HF, higher sUA was associated with worse outcomes and dapagliflozin significantly reduced sUA. The efficacy of dapagliflozin on outcomes was consistent across the range of sUA studied.