gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of III-V semicondctor nanowires by SA-MOVPE and their applications to photonic and photovoltaic devices (2010)

We fabricated various kinds of III-V semiconductor nanowires and core-shell nanowires using selective area metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (SA-MOVPE) on (111) oriented substrates, such as GaAs, GaAs/AlGaAs, InP, InP/InAs/InP on III-V substrates, and InAs and GaAs on Si. As for device applications, we fabricated GaAs/GaAsP core-shell nanowire photo-excited lasers, and InP core-shell pn junction solar cells. I will also introduce III-V semiconductor nanowires grown on Si (111) substrates.
Predicting next speaker and timing from gaze transition patterns in multi-party meetings (2013)

In multi-party meetings, participants need to predict the end of the speaker's utterance and who will start speaking next, and to consider a strategy for good timing to speak next. Gaze behavior plays an important role for smooth turn-taking. This paper proposes a mathematical prediction model that features three processing steps to predict (I) whether turn-taking or turn-keeping will occur, (II) who will be the next speaker in turn-taking, and (III) the timing of the start of the next speaker's utterance. For the feature quantity of the model, we focused on gaze transition patterns near the end of utterance. We collected corpus data of multi party meetings and analyzed how the frequencies of appearance of gaze transition patterns differs depending on situations of (I), (II), and (III). On the basis of the analysis, we construct a probabilistic mathematical model that uses the frequencies of appearance of all participants' gaze transition patterns. The results of an evaluation of the model show the proposed models succeed with high precision compared to ones that do not take gaze transition patterns into account.
Dancing with Creativity: Changes in Conception in Design Thinking within Product Innovation Projects (2020)

The research presented in this article investigates and discusses the changes in conception throughout twenty-three product innovation projects. Changes in conception in the thinking of the designer that leads to novel design concepts have been investigated mainly in situ through methods such as protocol analysis. However, scholars emphasized that changes in conception happen over longer periods. For this reason, the research examined the changes in conception throughout a nine-month product innovation project. The changes in conception were investigated by identifying the main word-groups used to describe the design concept at different project stages and examining when the word-groups changed over the project period. Design teams produced the reports at specific stages in the project. This consistency allowed comparing twenty-three projects over three consecutive years. The analysis revealed specific conditions that facilitate novel conceptual changes necessary to create an innovative product design concept.
Effects of fibrinogen concentrate administration during severe hemorrhage (2010)

Administration of fibrinogen for severe hemorrhage was associated with an increased fibrinogen concentration and a significant decrease in APTT, PT and the requirement for PRBCs.
Soundscapes and the sense of hearing of fishes (2009)

Underwater soundscapes have probably played an important role in the adaptation of ears and auditory systems of fishes throughout evolutionary time, and for all species. These sounds probably contain important information about the environment and about most objects and events that confront the receiving fish so that appropriate behavior is possible. For example, the sounds from reefs appear to be used by at least some fishes for their orientation and migration. These sorts of environmental sounds should be considered much like "acoustic daylight," that continuously bathes all environments and contain information that all organisms can potentially use to form a sort of image of the environment. At present, however, we are generally ignorant of the nature of ambient sound fields impinging on fishes, and the adaptive value of processing these fields to resolve the multiple sources of sound. Our field has focused almost exclusively on the adaptive value of processing species-specific communication sounds, and has not considered the informational value of ambient "noise." Since all fishes can detect and process acoustic particle motion, including the directional characteristics of this motion, underwater sound fields are potentially more complex and information-rich than terrestrial acoustic environments. The capacities of one fish species (goldfish) to receive and make use of such sound source information have been demonstrated (sound source segregation and auditory scene analysis), and it is suggested that all vertebrate species have this capacity. A call is made to better understand underwater soundscapes, and the associated behaviors they determine in fishes.
Quantitative description of migration behavior of porphyrins based on the dynamic complexation model in a nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis system (1997)

The effect of an additive (Brij 35) on the mobilities of a group of porphyrin acids is quantitatively characterized based on a 1:1 dynamic complexation model. Varying additive concentration shifts the equilibrium and changes the viscosity of the background electrolyte. The equilibrium constant, the electrophoretic mobility of the free analyte, and the electrophoretic mobility of the complex are identified as the parameters necessary to describe the analytes' migration behavior. Several statistical methods for obtaining these parameters are discussed. The equilibrium constants and complex mobilities are calculated using three different linear regression methods. The weighted y-reciprocal method was preferred because it gives smaller error, and the data points are evenly distributed along the concentration axis. These values are confirmed using a nonlinear regression to ensure that the proper weighting was used in the linear regression plots. The parameters are then used to predict the apparent mobilities of the analytes over the entire additive concentration range, allowing the optimum separation conditions to be identified. For disc-like molecules, such as porphyrins, the mobility is determined by the orientation of the molecule in an electric field, in addition to their size and charge. The strength of binding between the porphyrins and Brij 35 depends on the number of binding sites and the solvation shell.
The Use of Intravenous Immune Globulin in Immunodeficiency Diseases (1991)

WITH the discovery of agammaglobulinemia in 1952,1 a pressing need emerged for antibody-replacement therapy to prevent serious bacterial infections. Intramuscularly administered immune serum globulin resulted in a remarkable decrease in the incidence of such infections in patients with this type of immunodeficiency; however, the injections were painful, and the IgG was absorbed slowly and was subject to local proteolysis. Intravenous administration of immune serum globulin resulted in shocklike episodes, chills, and hyperpyrexia, especially in sick and acutely infected children. Beginning in the early 1960s, many attempts were made to modify immune serum globulin so that it could be given safely . . .
Commentary on: Safety and Effectiveness of Single Session Mega Volume Fat Grafting for Breast Augmentation: A Space-Creating Concept and Clinical Experiences (2022)

In 1987, thirty-five years ago, after several serious complications and an in-depth investigation, a committee of the American Society of Plastic Surgeons determined that fat grafting to the breast was neither safe nor effective.1 The procedure was banned because fat grafts, as performed then, left necrotic masses in the breast that were highly suspicious for cancerous nodules. It was not until some 20 years later, when Dr Sydney Coleman showed that only micro-grafts survive whereas larger blobs die, that fat grafting to the breast witnessed a resurgence of interest.2,3 That seminal finding, which made it acceptable to fat graft the breast, is now challenged by this report from Dean Hsiao et al.4 Dr Kotaro Yoshimura’s team studied the process of fat graft survival and elegantly showed what happens to the grafted fat.5-7 On the outermost surface of an injected fat lobule, a fraction-of-a-millimeter–thick crust...
Domain-specific keyphrase extraction (1999)

Keyphrases are an important means of document summarization, clustering, and topic search. Only a small minority of documents have author-assigned keyphrases, and manually assigning keyphrases to existing documents is very laborious. Therefore it is highly desirable to automate the keyphrase extraction process. This paper shows that a simple procedure for keyphrase extraction based on the naiveBayes learning scheme performs comparably to the state of the art. It goes on to explain how this procedure&amp;apos;s performance can be boosted by automatically tailoring the extraction process to the particular document collection at hand. Results on a large collection of technical reports in computer science show that the quality of the extracted keyphrases improves signi#cantly when domain-speci#c information is exploited. 1 Introduction Keyphrases give a high-level description of a document&amp;apos;s contents that is intended to make it easy for prospective readers to decide whether or no...
Characterization of Emissive States for Structurally Precise Au25(SC8H9)180 Monolayer-Protected Gold Nanoclusters Using Magnetophotoluminescence Spectroscopy (2016)

Electronic relaxation dynamics and near-infrared emission of structurally precise Au25(SC8H9)180 MPCs were studied using energy-resolved and time-resolved magneto-photoluminescence (MPL) spectroscopy. Measurements were carried out at sample temperatures spanning the range of 4.5 to 20 K following 3.1 eV laser excitation. These measurements revealed two main PL peaks detected at 1.78 and 1.98 eV. The emissive states giving rise to these peaks were characterized using magnetic circular polarized photoluminescence (MCPL) spectra, which were obtained from energy-resolved PL collected at positive and negative field polarities. Analysis of MCPL magnetization data yielded a Lande g-factor of g = 1.05 ± 0.04 for the 1.98 eV peak and g = 1.7 ± 0.1 for the 1.78 eV peak. The g-factor of the 1.78 eV peak suggested emission from a quartet state, which represents a high-spin configuration for this system. The time-resolved MPL data were fit to a biexpenoential decay function that included a stretch parameter. Arrhenius analysis of the 4.5 K field-dependent rate data identified an energy barrier of 0.66 ± 0.04 meV, which was interpreted as the energy gap separating dark and bright fine structure components of the manifold of nanocluster emissive states. The temperature dependence of this energy barrier was attributed to thermal population of the upper state, reducing the effect of field-induced mixing. These data provide new insight into the optical properties of structurally precise, condensed-phase metal clusters.
The Discipline of Neurology (2019)

Neurology is the branch of medicine that deals with disorders of the nervous system. The subject started, in its modern form, with the work of Thomas Willis in seventeenth-century England, as mentioned by Joanna Collicutt in Chapter 2. Willis studied the effects of diseases (for instance stroke) of the brain in people in life, and compared these with their anatomical effects at post-mortem. From these observations, he systematically assembled an account of the hierarchical nature of the nervous system from the peripheral nerves to the spinal cord, and then on through an ascending series of structures in the brain. This clinico-pathological tradition reached its apogee in the work of Jean-Martin Charcot in late nineteenth-century Paris (Clifford Rose 1999). Since then, the imaging and laboratory sciences have increasingly informed our understanding of the normal function of the brain and its diseases.
An electrically pumped germanium laser (2012)

Electrically pumped lasing from Germanium-on-Silicon pnn heterojunction diode structures is demonstrated. Room temperature multimode laser with 1mW output power is measured. Phosphorous doping in Germanium at a concentration over 4x10<sup>19</sup>cm<sup>-3</sup> is achieved. A Germanium gain spectrum of nearly 200nm is observed.
Tao: An Architecturally Balanced Reconfigurable Hardware Processor (1997)

Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1997.
Chemical speciation of environmentally significant metals with inorganic ligands Part 2: The Cu2+-OH-, Cl-, CO32-, SO42-, and PO43- systems (IUPAC Technical Report) (2007)

Abstract Complex formation between Cu II and the common environmental ligands Cl - , OH - , CO 3 2- , SO 4 2- , and PO 4 3- can have a significant effect on Cu II speciation in natural waters with low concentrations of organic matter. Copper(II) complexes are labile, so the Cu II distribution amongst these inorganic ligands can be estimated by numerical modeling if reliable values for the relevant stability (formation) constants are available. This paper provides a critical review of such constants and related thermodynamic data. It recommends values of log 10 β p,q,r ° valid at I m = 0 mol kg -1 and 25 °C (298.15 K), along with the equations and specific ion interaction coefficients required to calculate log 10 β p,q,r values at higher ionic strengths. Some values for reaction enthalpies, Δr H m, are also reported where available. In weakly acidic fresh water systems, in the absence of organic ligands, Cu II speciation is dominated by the species Cu 2+ (aq), with CuSO 4 (aq) as a minor species. In seawater, it is dominated by CuCO 3 (aq), with Cu(OH) + , Cu 2+ (aq), CuCl + , Cu(CO 3 )OH - , Cu(OH) 2 (aq), and Cu(CO 3 ) 2 2- as minor species. In weakly acidic saline systems, it is dominated by Cu 2+ (aq) and CuCl + , with CuSO 4 (aq) and CuCl 2 (aq) as minor species.
Study on blind band elimination in jitter estimation (2014)

pairs.Experimental results prove the effectiveness of non-zero blind band elimination in jitter estimation.This work was assisted by Prof. Xu and all the engineers in the laboratory, with whose help the reasonable experimental results were obtained.
Involvement of BMPs/Smad Signaling Pathway in Mechanical Response in Osteoblasts (2010)

Mechanical strain might promote osteoblasts differentiation through BMPs/Smad signaling pathway. The strain causes a drop in Smurf1 levels, leading to accumulation of Smad proteins and, subsequently, to enhanced BMPs/Smad signaling.
Off-Pump or On-Pump Coronary-Artery Bypass Grafting at 30 Days (2012)

There was no significant difference between off-pump and on-pump CABG with respect to the 30-day rate of death, myocardial infarction, stroke, or renal failure requiring dialysis. The use of off-pump CABG resulted in reduced rates of transfusion, reoperation for perioperative bleeding, respiratory complications, and acute kidney injury but also resulted in an increased risk of early revascularization. (Funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research; CORONARY ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00463294.).
Brief Report: It's Time to Embed Health-Related Quality of Life Across all Steps of the HIV Care Cascade (2022)

HIV care must not only focus on viral suppression but also better recognize the intersecting and multifaceted challenges faced by PLWH when taking HIV treatment and engaging in care. Evaluating HrQoL at each step of the cascade using validated patient-reported outcome and experience measures would assist in systematically tracking and addressing challenges faced by PLWH. Measures chosen through global consensus may facilitate rigorous comparisons across jurisdictions. Adopting a patient-oriented research paradigm will also be crucial for empowering and meaningfully engaging patients throughout the research process.
Dialysis and Psoriasis (1978)

De kunst van Koos oogst gelijkelijk waardering bij wiskundigen en niet-wiskundigen, om de mensheid maar eens in twee groepen te verdelen. Ik kan natuurlijk niet uitleggen waarom\nzijn objecten mooi gevonden worden, maar dat zit vermoedelijk niet (alleen) in het wiskundige karakter. Materiaalkeuze, afwerking, omvang en verhouding hebben daarop vast een grotere invloed. Wel herkent iedereen er iets wiskundigs in: rechte lijnen en regelmaat, driehoeken en andere polygonen, af en toe een cirkel of boog. Toch is dat slechts het oppervlakkige deel van de wiskunde die een rol speelt. Voor het ontstaan van de objecten is juist de wiskunde die je niet direct ziet het belangrijkst. De kunst is dat niet te laten merken, ook niet aan de wiskundigen.\nIk hoop dat dit artikel de lezers aanzet tot eigen onderzoek, aangezien er nog een onopgelost probleem tussen zit.
Effects of Piston-Ring Dynamics on Ring/Groove Wear and Oil Consumption in a Diesel Engine (1997)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The wear patterns of the rings and grooves of a diesel engine were analyzed by using a ring dynamics/gas flow model and a ring-pack oil film thickness model. The analysis focused primarily on the contact pressure distribution on the ring sides and grooves as well as on the contact location on the ring running surfaces. Analysis was performed for both new and worn ring/groove profiles. Calculated results are consistent with the measured wear patterns. The effects of groove tilt and static twist on the development of wear patterns on the ring sides, grooves, and ring running surfaces were studied. Ring flutter was observed from the calculation and its effect on oil transport was discussed. Up-scraping of the top ring was studied by considering ring dynamic twist and piston tilt. This work shows that the models used have potential for providing practical guidance to optimizing the ring pack and ring grooves to control wear and reduce oil consumption.&lt;/div&gt;
Reduced albumin in the renal cortex of ethylene glycol-treated rats (2014)

Ethylene glycol (EG), a frequently used lithogenic agent, causes calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystal deposition in the renal cortex. In this study, we compared the protein expression pattern in kidneys of rat with EG-induced renal lithiasis with that of normal rats. Ten male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 2 groups. In the control group (n = 5), rats were fed with normal drinking water; in the EG group (n = 5), rats were fed with 0.75% EG in drinking water. After 4 weeks, rats fed with EG showed CaOx deposition in the renal cortex. The renal cortex proteins were extracted and separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE). Comparative analyses of the respective spot patterns from the 2-DE output were performed using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Among the proteins identified, reduced albumin in rat renal lithiasis was confirmed by immunohistochemical analysis. Our results demonstrated that the amount of albumin was reduced in EG-treated rat kidneys. Subsequent crystal formation may be due to the loss of inhibitors or decreasing the remaining amount of albumin in the tissues, suggesting that albumin may play an important role in modulating EG-induced stone formation.
Novel Mechanistic Concepts for Acidic Wet Chemical Etching - A Road to Process Optimization (2008)

Recent fundamental investigations agree in the concept of nitrogen-oxygen cations (NO2+, NO+) being crucially involved in acidic wet chemical etching processes using HF – HNO3 - based solutions. The formation and subsequent chemical reactions of these cations determine intensity and mode of silicon dissolution. Thus, mixtures containing nitrosyl ions (NO+) are useful for detailed investigations of acidic etching reactions. In light of previous studies the effect of NO+ concentrations on etching rates has been studied time-resolved for excess HF concentrations. The nitrosyl ion concentration was measured in diluted etching solutions by ion chromatography. The etching rates exhibit a linear correlation to the nitrosyl ion content. Quantitative solution analysis proofed the slow accumulation of ammonium ions. In combination with concentration and time dependent studies of produced etching structures a convenient regime for selective structuring of polycrystalline silicon surfaces is reported. Qualitative analysis by 19F-NMR spectroscopy identified SiF5-/HF2- complexes in the etching solution as hitherto unknown products of acidic silicon etching reactions.
A model-based approach to recovering the structure of a plant from images (2015)

We present a method for recovering the structure of a plant directly from a small set of widely-spaced images. Structure recovery is more complex than shape estimation, but the resulting structure estimate is more closely related to phenotype than is a 3D geometric model. The method we propose is applicable to a wide variety of plants, but is demonstrated on wheat. Wheat is made up of thin elements with few identifiable features, making it difficult to analyse using standard feature matching techniques. Our method instead analyses the structure of plants using only their silhouettes. We employ a generate-and-test method, using a database of manually modelled leaves and a model for their composition to synthesise plausible plant structures which are evaluated against the images. The method is capable of efficiently recovering accurate estimates of plant structure in a wide variety of imaging scenarios, with no manual intervention.
Transient Elastic Stress Development During Laser Scribing of Ceramics (1999)

Abstract Lasers are emerging as a valuable tool for shaping and cutting hard and brittle ceramics. Unfortunately, the large, concentrated heat flux rates that allow the laser to efficiently cut and shape the ceramic also result in large localized thermal stresses in a small heat-affected zone. These notable thermal stresses can lead to micro-cracks, a decrease in strength and fatigue life, and possibly catastrophic failure. In order to assess where, when, and what stresses occur during laser scribing, an elastic stress model has been incorporated into a three-dimensional scribing and cutting code. First, the code predicts the temporal temperature fields and the receding surface of the ceramic. Then, using the scribed geometry and temperature field, the elastic stress fields are calculated as they develop and decay during the laser scribing process. The analysis allows the prediction of stresses during continuous wave and pulsed laser operation, a variety of cutting speeds and directions, and various shapes and types of ceramic material. The results of the analysis show substantial tensile stresses develop over a thick layer below and parallel to the surface, which may be the cause of experimentally observed subsurface cracks.
From Photons to Higgs (2013)

This book presents a brief introduction to the quantum field theory of the Standard Model for quarks and leptons. With minimal use of mathematics, it covers the basics of quantum field theory, local gauge field theory, spontaneous symmetry breaking mechanism, the Higgs mechanism and quantum chromodynamics. From the time when the first edition was published until today, the field of particle physics has seen some major break-through with the possible discovery of Higgs particle, also known as the Higgs boson. In the second edition, the famous Higgs mechanism is included to explain the symmetry breaking in the Standard Model and the origin of mass, and all of this is explained in high-school level algebra. Aimed at both scientists and non-specialists, it requires only some rudimentary knowledge of the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formulation of Newtonian mechanics as well as a basic understanding of the special theory of relativity and quantum mechanics to enjoy this book.