gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental Investigation of Internal Channel CoolingVia Jet Impingement (2013)

In this paper, two heat transfer configurations (central-jet and side-jet) of jet impinging on a semicircular surface are experimentally studied. The inter- nal channel is formed using flat insulated wall and a semi-circular surface using a curved flexible heater with a uniform heat flux. A set of experiments have been performed for the purpose of assessing the heat augmentation and pressure drop between the two jet configurations. The measurements include the inlet and outlet flow temperatures using thermocouples, the temperature map of the flexible heater using thermal infra-red camera, the flow rates using rotary meter and pressure drop using pressure transducer. The study covers a jet flow Reynolds Numbers of 500 to 5000. The heat transfer is estimated by calculating the average and local heat trans- fer coefficient under constant wall heat flux condition and the pumping pressure is estimated by measuring the pressure drop between the inlet and outlet. The results indicate that central-jet impingement shows a 50% improvement in heat transfer with minimal difference in pumping pressure compared to the side-jet for the same range of Reynolds numbers.
Building an experimental globus-based grid computing system in an university environment (2006)

Grid computing is a new distributed computing paradigm that is changing the way scientists and engineers do computing and how society in general manages information. This new computing technology has led to the development of a global research community and may have significant influences on many areas of computer science, such as networking, operating systems, database, security, programming, etc. Therefore, it is important to integrate Grid computing into computer science education and expose students to the latest development in this active area. Toward this end, we are building an experimental Globus-based Grid computing system at the Computer Science Department of University of Central Arkansas (UCA). This Grid computing system can be used for both education and research purposes.
Composite Pelvic Resection (1987)

The definition of resectability has changed in the management of advanced pelvic malignancy. Most tumors previously considered unresectable can be removed by a function-preserving composite resection of the pelvis. We have performed resection in 55 such patients. Most had posterior pelvic tumors (47 patients), had previously undergone irradiation, and required a combined sacral resection. Included were patients with recurrent or locally advanced rectal cancer (32 patients), epidermoid cancer of the anorectum (seven patients), and primary pelvic malignancies (eight patients). Most had good functional recovery. The five-year actuarial survival rate was 23% (five of 25 patients survived longer than 51 months) in the patients with resected rectal cancer and 14% (one of seven patients) in the patients with resected anorectal carcinoma. Five of eight patients with primary tumors survived longer than 48 months. Lateral pelvic resections were done for five tumors that involved the ileum or ischium, and anterior resection was done in three patients for malignancy that involved the symphysis and rami. Four of these patients were living three to six years after surgery. The overall mortality rate was 7% (four of 55 patients). Composite pelvic resections can provide good local control with preservation of limb function in most patients with primary or secondary tumors of the bony pelvis.
Integrated Materials Design of Organic Semiconductors for Field-Effect Transistors (2013)

The past couple of years have witnessed a remarkable burst in the development of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), with a number of organic semiconductors surpassing the benchmark mobility of 10 cm(2)/(V s). In this perspective, we highlight some of the major milestones along the way to provide a historical view of OFET development, introduce the integrated molecular design concepts and process engineering approaches that lead to the current success, and identify the challenges ahead to make OFETs applicable in real applications.
Interfacial control of oxygen vacancy doping and electrical conduction in thin film oxide heterostructures (2016)

Oxygen vacancies in proximity to surfaces and heterointerfaces in oxide thin film heterostructures have major effects on properties, resulting, for example, in emergent conduction behaviour, large changes in metal-insulator transition temperatures or enhanced catalytic activity. Here we report the discovery of a means of reversibly controlling the oxygen vacancy concentration and distribution in oxide heterostructures consisting of electronically conducting In2O3 films grown on ionically conducting Y2O3-stabilized ZrO2 substrates. Oxygen ion redistribution across the heterointerface is induced using an applied electric field oriented in the plane of the interface, resulting in controlled oxygen vacancy (and hence electron) doping of the film and possible orders-of-magnitude enhancement of the film's electrical conduction. The reversible modified behaviour is dependent on interface properties and is attained without cation doping or changes in the gas environment.
Synthesis gas conversion to gasoline range hydrocarbons over medium pore zeolite catalysts containing 3d-metals and bimetallics (1979)

Experiments were performed on ZSM-5 catalyst impregnated with 11.1% of iron (A) or 5.6% of iron and 4.5% of cobalt (B) and on Silicalite, a molecular sieve form of silica, impregnated with 13.6% of iron (C), 7.8% of iron and 0.9% of potassium (D), or iron and manganese in fixed-bed or continuous stirred tank laboratory reactors. Zeolite acidity played an important part in forming aromatics from synthesis gas (2:1 or 1:1 hydrogen/carbon monoxide ratio) by bifunctional catalysts, as demonstrated by comparison of the product slates from the A and C catalysts. The transition metal component impregnated into the zeolite played an important part in selectivity, as demonstrated by the liquid phase products from the A and B catalysts. D catalyst had an exceptionally high selectivity for production of C/sub 2/-C/sub 4/ olefins. The experiments were carried out at 280/sup 0/-300/sup 0/C and 21 bar, and magnetic studies were performed to characterize the transition metal component and detect the formation of bimetallic iron-cobalt clusters.
Multi-resolution image registration using genetics (1999)

In remote sensing, image registration is to find the best transform between a reference and input images that may be different due to changes in position or altitude of or noise in the sensors. Image registration is one of the first steps in the analysis of remotely sensed images and requires high computational resources. The computation time is affected by two factors: search data size and search space. This paper describes an efficient image registration algorithm that uses multi-resolution wavelet decomposed images to reduce the search data size, and Genetic Algorithms to optimize the search solution space. Experimental results have shown subpixel accuracy and high efficiency over conventional methods.
Growth by supersonic molecular-beam epitaxy of oligothiophene films with controlled properties (2002)

Abstract Supersonic molecular beam epitaxy can be fruitfully used to grow films of organic materials, controlling their degree of ordering and their morphologies. This is due to the fine control on the initial state of the compounds in the beam. Very sharp and ‘tuneable’ energy distributions in the beam can be achieved so that the growth is not governed by processes at thermodynamic equilibrium but by the kinetics. This allows us, in some cases, to ‘force’ the growth in the desired directions instead of leaving this only to the interplay between the weak interaction forces and to the equilibrium thermodynamics to drive the growth. Comparing the optical response, morphology and structure of films grown under different degrees of supersonicity of the beam we show that one can control the growth in details. The grain size and density of defects can be drastically changed by appropriately tuning the beam's parameters. X-ray diffraction and pole figure analysis of the films are reported and discussed.
Modelling of electron beam absorption in complex geometries (2014)

Computational modelling of processes that involve highly energetic electrons like electron beam melting, welding, drilling or electron beam lithography, to name but a few, requires information about the attenuation of the electron beam as it passes through the sample. Depth–dose curves as a function of electron energy, target material as well as local surface obliquity have to be provided in situ during the calculation. The most efficient way to address this issue is by employing mathematical expressions. Therefore, we propose an electron beam model based on a set of semi-empirical equations available from different published literature and on theoretical considerations. Particular stress is thereby put on accuracy and the range of validity of the theoretical approach by comparison with experimental data. Finally, we apply our model to powder-bed based additive manufacturing. The numerical results demonstrate that electron beam absorption and depth of penetration have a strong influence on the quality of the fabricated product.
FPGA-based implementation of two-step schedulers for modular optical interconnection networks (2021)

Optical interconnection networks promise to overcome the limitations of current electronic switching fabrics, enabling higher throughput, lower latency, and lower power consumption. Multi-plane architectures, based on multiple optical switching domains (e.g., space, time, wavelength, orbital angular momentum), are gaining research attention because of their modularity and scalability compared to single-domain switches. An effective scheduler, namely, the two-step scheduler (TSS), has been proposed for multi-plane optical interconnection networks, exploiting their modularity to speed up computations while satisfying the peculiar scheduling constraints. In this paper, a hardware implementation of TSS for modular optical interconnection networks is presented and thoroughly assessed. Both scheduling steps are parallelized with the aim of optimizing the execution time. iSLIP and longest queue first (LQF) scheduling algorithms are exploited in each step, resulting in four TSS configurations that are compared among each other and with classical single-step schedulers (SSSs) in terms of scheduling and hardware performance. TSS outperforms SSS in terms of the number of iterations, maximum operating frequency, worst-case scheduling duration, and required logic resources (i.e., scalability) at the expense of a slight latency penalty. Among all TSS configurations, LQF-based TSS guarantees the lowest scheduling latency, while iSLIP-based TSS minimizes the scheduling duration and the use of field programmable gate array (FPGA) resources.
Ultra-thin and ultra-high I/O density package-on-package (3D Thin PoP) for high bandwidth of smart systems (2013)

Package-on-package (PoP) technologies used in smart phones and tablets are reaching limits in logic-to-memory bandwidth and in thickness reduction. Advances in PoP including through-mold vias (TMVs) and low-CTE, high-modulus laminate substrates have not been able to overcome the I/O density and thickness limitations to date. To overcome these barriers, two major technologies have been pursued. The first approach is chip-first embedding in organic dielectrics and in fan-out wafer level packages. While this can achieve higher I/O's, they face many challenges that include large-die reliability, intermediate testability for higher yield, thermal dissipation, and new supply-chain model. The second approach to address the need is the so-called wide-I/O logic and memory stacking with through silicon vias (TSVs), which promises highest bandwidth in lowest profile, but is viewed as too complex and costly due to TSV integration in logic IC. Georgia Tech PRC proposes and demonstrates, for the first time, a third approach that is more manufacturable and cost-effective. This is referred to as 3D Thin PoP - a more advanced 3-dimensional POP, - designed to achieve ultra-thin stacked packages in 3D with higher chip-to package and package-to-package I/Os to achieve higher bandwidth. This paper reports a number of breakthrough advances in 3D Thin PoP, thus providing a path to extend PoP. These innovations fall into three areas that include: (a) Ultra-thin, 150μm thick organic substrate with multiple layers of build-up wiring with precision cavities ready for chip assembly, (b) die-to-package Cu-Cu interconnections at 30μm pitch bonded at 160°C, and (c) package-on-package stacking with 50μm interconnect pitch. Low signal losses are achieved by having shorter chip-to-chip I/O's and lower stand-off interconnections. These innovations enable higher bandwidth in 3D Thin PoP by virtue of 8× improvement in I/Os combined with 2-3× reduction in total thickness over current PoP.
Compact Modeling of Four-Terminal Junction Field-Effect Transistors (2005)

This paper presents a physics -based compact model for a four terminal (independent top and bottom gates) junction field-effect transistor (JFET). The model describes the JFET’s dc and ac characteristics with a high degree of accuracy and continuity. Temperature effect is also accounted for, and the model is applicable for a wide range of operating temperatures.
Optimal Horizontal Guidance for Aircraft in Bounded State-Space (1976)

This paper is concerned with the horizontal guidance of an aircraft in and near the terminal area when no flying is permitted in a half plane of the space. The problem of guiding an aircraft in minimum time from arbitrary initial position and heading to fixed terminal position and heading is considered, under the condition of constant speed and with the constraint on bank angle. It is found that an optimal path cannot have a boundary segment on the boundary of the constrained space, more than one junction point and more than three switching times, while if the flight path remains interior then the maximum number of the switching times is two. Furthermore, in view of these results it is found that there are at most twelve extremal controls and their control regions are not disjoint. The optimal control is chosen to minimize the performance index among extremal controls.
Pseudorotaxane Polymer (Polypseudorotaxane) (2016)

This document provides (i) definitions of terms related to macromolecular rotaxanes and macromolecular pseudorotaxanes and (ii) recommendations for naming these macromolecular assemblies. The nomenclature recommendations presented here have been developed by combining the nomenclature rules for the low-molar-mass (low-M) rotaxanes and those for macromolecules (both established in published IUPAC recommendations) in such a way that the developed nomenclature system provides unambiguous names for macromolecular rotaxanes (and pseudorotaxanes), including differentiation among various isomers of these supramolecular assemblies. Application of the nomenclature recommendations is illustrated using examples covering a wide range of structure types of macromolecular rotaxanes and pseudorotaxanes. An Alphabetical Index of Terms and a List of Abbreviations and Prefixes are included.
99比2—哪个她 在他眼中最青春? (2006)

年轻的时光是流沙,一个不留神便会从指缝间溜走。于是,让青春停驻,便成了每个女人的永恒之梦。怎样穿扮的女人看起来最年轻?本期杂志将继续在男人中展开调查,看看2位女性读者对自己‘年轻装扮’的看法与99位男士的观点有何不同!
The occurrence of antibiotic resistance in Clostridium perfringens from Pigs (1985)

Porcine faecal specimens were collected from piggeries in south western Australia. Clostridium perfringens strains were isolated, identified, and examined by disc susceptibility tests for their resistance to several antibiotics. The resultant data were correlated with the known exposure of the animals to antimicrobial agents in the feed or water. The results showed that the percentage of C. perfringens isolates resistant to tetracycline or the macrolide-lincosamide antibiotics was significantly higher from weaners fed one of a number of combinations of antimicrobial agents than was the percentage of resistant strains isolated from the one piggery that did not use antimicrobials. No differences in the levels of chloramphenicol or penicillin resistance were observed. Genetic analyses showed that 3 of the resistant strains carried conjugative R-plasmids which carried the tetracycline resistance determinants.
Rhodium-Catalyzed Cyclohydrocarbonylation:  Application to the Synthesis of (+)-Prosopinine and (−)-Deoxoprosophylline (1998)

Efficient convergent total syntheses of (+)-prosopinine (1) and (−)-deoxoprosophylline (4) were accomplished using Rh−BIPHEPHOS complex-catalyzed cyclohydrocarbonylation as the key step. The Rh−BIPHEPHOS complex-catalyzed cyclohydrocarbonylation of I, derived from (R)-serine, at 65 °C and 4 atm of CO and H2 (1:1) in ethanol afforded 6-ethoxypiperidine II, which was transformed to enantiopure (+)-prosopinine (1) in 3 steps. In a similar manner, (−)-deoxoprosophylline was synthesized through cyclohydrocarbonylation of IV derived from (S)-serine, giving 6-ethoxypiperidine V. The key intermediate V was transformed to enantiopure (−)-deoxoprosophylline (4) in 4 steps. These two short total syntheses clearly demonstrate the usefulness of the extremely regioselective cyclohydrocarbonylation process developed in these laboratories for the concise syntheses of piperidine alkaloids and related compounds.
Development of a prototype taint tracing tool for security and other purposes (2012)

In recent years there has been an increasing interest in dynamic taint tracing of compiled software as a powerful analysis method for security and other purposes. Most existing approaches are highly application specific and tends to sacrifice precision in favor of performance. In this thesis project a generic taint tracing tool has been developed that can deliver high precision taint information. By allowing an arbitrary number of taint labels to be stored for every tainted byte, accurate taint propagation can be achieved for values that are derived from multiple input bytes. The tool has been developed for x86 Linux systems using the dynamic binary instrumentation framework Valgrind. The basic theory of taint tracing and multi-label taint propagation is discussed, as well as the main concepts of implementing a taint tracing tool using dynamic binary instrumentation. The impact of multi-label taint propagation on performance and precision is evaluated. While multi-label taint propagation has a considerable impact on performance, experiments carried out using the tool show that large amounts of taint information is lost with approximate methods using only one label per tainted byte.
Low-resistivity poly-metal gate electrode durable for high-temperature processing (1996)

A new low-resistivity poly-metal gate structure, W/WSiN/poly-Si, is proposed, A uniform ultrathin (<1 nm) WSiN barrier layer was formed by annealing a W(100 nm)WN/sub x/(5 nm)/poly-Si structure. The W/WSiN/poly-Si structure was found to be thermally stable even after annealing at 800/spl deg/C. The sheet resistivity of the W(100 nm)/WN/sub x/(5 nm)/poly-Si(100 nm) structure is as low as 1.5 /spl Omega//spl par//spl square/ and independent of line-width from 0.52 /spl mu/m to 0.12 /spl mu/m. The sheet resistivity of this layer structure is 40% lower than that of the W(100 nm)/TiN(5 nm)/poly-Si structure. In addition, an equivalent circuit simulation showed that the measured contact resistivity of W and poly-Si in the W/WSiN/poly-Si system did not affect the gate RC delay time. Finally, a process integration of the poly-metal gate electrode is discussed. A SiN capped poly-metal structure was demonstrated.
Antiviral Activity of CYC202 in HIV-1-infected Cells (2004)

There are currently 40 million individuals in the world infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has led to a significant reduction in AIDS-related morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately, up to 25% of patients discontinue their initial HAART regimen. Current HIV-1 inhibitors target the fusion of the virus to the cell and two viral proteins, reverse transcriptase and protease. Here, we examined whether other targets, such as an activated transcription factor, could be targeted to block HIV-1 replication. We specifically asked whether we could target a cellular kinase needed for HIV-1 transcription using CYC202 (R-roscovitine), a pharmacological cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor. We targeted the cdk2-cyclin E complex in HIV-1-infected cells because both cdk2 and cyclin E are nonessential during mammalian development and are likely replaced by other kinases. We found that CYC202 effectively inhibits wild type and resistant HIV-1 mutants in T-cells, monocytes, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells at a low IC(50) and sensitizes these cells to enhanced apoptosis resulting in a dramatic drop in viral titers. Interestingly, the effect of CYC202 is independent of cell cycle stage and more specific for the cdk2-cyclin E complex. Finally, we show that cdk2-cyclin E is loaded onto the HIV-1 genome in vivo and that CYC202 is able to inhibit the uploading of this cdk-cyclin complex onto HIV-1 DNA. Therefore, targeting cellular enzymes necessary for HIV-1 transcription, which are not needed for cell survival, is a compelling strategy to inhibit wild type and mutant HIV-1 strains.
Azomethine Prodrugs of (R)-alpha-Methylhistamine, a Highly Potent and Selective Histamine H3-Receptor Agonist (2001)

The histamine H3 receptor is considered a potential target for novel drugs as it regulates the activity of various neurotransmitters in the peripheral and the central nervous system. Particularly H3-receptor agonists have been suggested to become valuable drugs for the treatment of several CNS disorders, inflammatory and acid related diseases. Due to its strong basicity and polarity the highly potent and selective histamine H3-receptor agonist (R)-alpha-methylhistamine hardly penetrates biological membranes and is furthermore rapidly inactivated in vivo. Thus, lipophilic, non-basic azomethine prodrugs of (R)-alpha--methylhistamine have been developed to overcome its pharmacokinetic disadvantages. This bioreversible derivatization decreased its basicity, increased its lipophilicity and reduced its metabolization. As a result the biological half-life was prolonged and oral absorption as well as penetration into the brain were significantly increased. By systematic variation of the pro-moiety we were able to optimize the pharmacokinetic properties which allow for both peripheral and central delivery of the parent amine. The azomethine prodrugs described herein display satisfactory stability to be orally administered while being adequately labile to deliver (R)-alpha-methylhistamine at sufficient concentrations in vivo. At present, these azomethines not only serve as valuable tools for pharmacological studies related to the histamine H3 receptor, but also represent a promising approach to achieve therapeutic application of the histamine H3-receptor agonist (R)-alpha-methylhistamine. Currently the parent compound of the prodrugs is under clinical development phase II.
Photodetectors: Environmentally Robust Black Phosphorus Nanosheets in Solution: Application for Self‐Powered Photodetector (Adv. Funct. Mater. 18/2017) (2017)

Xiang Qi, Han Zhang, and co-workers fabricate 2D black phosphorous (BP) nanosheets and successfully apply them as photodetectors in KOH electrodes. As the researchers report in article number 1606834, the excellent photoresponse of the environmentally robust sheets can be adjusted via the KOH concentration. The photodetector is a promising building block for optoelectronic devices, while the as-prepared BP nanosheets can yield 2D BP heterostructures for different applicaitons.