gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of regulators of G protein signaling mRNA expression in rat brain by acute and chronic electroconvulsive seizures (2002)

G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling cascades may be key substrates for the antidepressant effects of chronic electroconvulsive seizures (ECS). To better understand changes in these signaling pathways, alterations in levels of mRNA's encoding regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) protein subtypes-2, -4, -7, -8 and -10 were evaluated in rat brain using northern blotting and in situ hybridization. In prefrontal cortex, RGS2 mRNA levels were increased several-fold 2 h following an acute ECS. Increases in RGS8 mRNA were of lesser magnitude (30%), and no changes were evident for the other RGS subtypes. At 24 h following a chronic ECS regimen, RGS4, -7, and -10 mRNA levels were reduced by 20-30%; only RGS10 was significantly reduced 24 h after acute ECS. Levels of RGS2 mRNA were unchanged 24 h following either acute or chronic ECS. In hippocampus, RGS2 mRNA levels were markedly increased 2 h following acute ECS. More modest increases were seen for RGS4 mRNA expression, whereas levels of the other RGS subtypes were unaltered. At 24 h following chronic ECS, RGS7, -8 and -10 mRNA levels were decreased in the granule cell layer, and RGS7 and -8 mRNA levels were decreased in the pyramidal cell layers. Only RGS8 and -10 mRNA levels were significantly reduced in hippocampus 24 h following an acute ECS. Paralleling neocortex, RGS2 mRNA content was unchanged in hippocampus 24 h following either acute or chronic ECS. In ventromedial hypothalamus, RGS4 mRNA content was increased 24 h following chronic ECS, whereas RGS7 mRNA levels were only increased 24 h following an acute ECS. The increased RGS4 mRNA levels in hypothalamus were significant by 2 h following an acute ECS. These studies demonstrate subtype-, time-, and region-specific regulation of RGS proteins by ECS, adaptations that may contribute to the antidepressant effects of this treatment.
Investigation by Polymerase Chain Reaction of Enteroviral Infection in Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (1996)

1. Chronic fatigue syndrome is characterized by muscle fatigue and pain at rest, symptoms which are usually exacerbated with exercise. Although various studies have shown minor, non-specific morphological and biochemical changes in muscle of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome, no consistent defect has been identified. Some have suggested that an enteroviral infection in muscle may cause the chronic muscle fatigue seen in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome, with acute infection directly and irreversibly impairing mitochondrial function, and persistent infection depressing muscle protein synthesis and metabolism. 2. To clarify the involvement of enterovirus infection in chronic fatigue syndrome, muscle biopsies from a group of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome were examined for the presence of enteroviral RNA by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction techniques in relation to functional studies of muscle mitochondria and the muscle RNA/DNA ratio. 3. Fifty-eight percent of patients reported an uncharacterized 'viral infection' before the onset of their illness, but none of the muscle samples from 34 patients contained detectable amounts of enteroviral RNA. Muscle tissue had a general reduction in the RNA/DNA ratio and mitochondrial enzyme activities with no specific abnormality in the activity of enzymes encoded partially on the mitochondrial genome (cytochrome-c oxidase) or nuclear genome (citrate synthase, succinate reductase). 4. These data provide no evidence of an enteroviral infection in muscle of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome, although this does not exclude a role of enterovirus in initiating the disease process. The general reduction in RNA/DNA ratio and mitochondrial enzyme activities is consistent with a general reduction in habitual activity.
A sample selective linear prediction analysis of speech (2005)

The formulation of linear prediction analysis using the generalized inverse matrix is reviewed and Givens' reduction employing Gentleman's algorithm is introduced as a fast computational method to obtain the least-squares estimate for the prediction coeficients. An improved version of the sample selective linear prediction (SSLP) is described and some performance examples on nonstationary synthetic speech are shown in comparison with those by the ordinary linear prediction analysis and the proto-type SSLP. Finally, the short-term SSLP is proposed and its discrimination performance on voiced plosives is compared with those by the ordinary short-term linear prediction analysis.
Benzo- and Indoloquinolizidine Derivatives XIX. The Synthesis and Pharmacologocal Activity of Some Quinolizidine Derivatives, Analogues of Butaclamol (1984)

Indenopyridoisoquinoline and benzopyridophenanthridine derivatives were synthesized as the conformationally rigid analogues of butaclamol.For both series, a unique reaction scheme has been worked out in order to obtain the desired trans-cisoid-cis conformation of the end products.In this conformation, the indenopyridoisoquinoline derivative simulates the proposed active form of butaclamol, whilst the benzopyridophenanthridine derivatives simulate the "on-active farm of butaclamol.The products were tested for neuroleptic activity in "in vitro" models.No significant binding was detected.In view of the pharmacological assays, we cannot decide about the correctness of the proposed structure-activity relationship in the butaclamol series.Overall topological congruence of the phenethylamine part and some flexibility of the system may be important factors for activity.
Data from Activation of the IFN Signaling Pathway is Associated with Resistance to CDK4/6 Inhibitors and Immune Checkpoint Activation in ER-Positive Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and CDK6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) are highly effective against estrogen receptor–positive (ER&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;)/HER2&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt; breast cancer; however, intrinsic and acquired resistance is common. Elucidating the molecular features of sensitivity and resistance to CDK4/6i may lead to identification of predictive biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets, paving the way toward improving patient outcomes.&lt;/p&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;p&gt;Parental breast cancer cells and their endocrine-resistant derivatives (EndoR) were used. Derivatives with acquired resistance to palbociclib (PalboR) were generated from parental and estrogen deprivation–resistant MCF7 and T47D cells. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses were performed in palbociclib-sensitive and PalboR lines. Gene expression data from CDK4/6i neoadjuvant trials and publicly available datasets were interrogated for correlations of gene signatures and patient outcomes.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;Parental and EndoR breast cancer lines showed varying degrees of sensitivity to palbociclib. Transcriptomic analysis of these cell lines identified an association between high IFN signaling and reduced CDK4/6i sensitivity; thus an “IFN-related palbociclib-resistance Signature” (IRPS) was derived. In two neoadjuvant trials of CDK4/6i plus endocrine therapy, IRPS and other IFN-related signatures were highly enriched in patients with tumors exhibiting intrinsic resistance to CDK4/6i. PalboR derivatives displayed dramatic activation of IFN/STAT1 signaling compared with their short-term treated or untreated counterparts. In primary ER&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;/HER2&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt; tumors, the IRPS score was significantly higher in lumB than lumA subtype and correlated with increased gene expression of immune checkpoints, endocrine resistance, and poor prognosis.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;Aberrant IFN signaling is associated with intrinsic resistance to CDK4/6i. Experimentally, acquired resistance to palbociclib is associated with activation of the IFN pathway, warranting additional studies to clarify its involvement in resistance to CDK4/6i.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Investigation of Threshold Voltage Disturbance Caused by Programmed Adjacent Cell in Virtual Source/Drain NAND Flash Memory (2011)

In this paper, we investigate the threshold voltage disturbance caused by programmed adjacent cells in virtual source/drain (VSD) NAND flash memory device. The fringing field induced by charge in an adjacent memory node inhibits the inversion of virtual source/drain region. So, it increases the threshold voltage of the read cell. This is a drawback for the multi-level cell (MLC) operation. The device simulation and measurement data of fabricated devices show that the disturbance increases as the cell gate length and VSD length decreases. It can be minimized by the electric field concentration induced by the arch shape structure.
Real-Time Adaptive Contrast Enhancement (1981)

A recursive filter approach is introduced to simplify real-time implementation of an adaptive contrast enhancement scheme for imaging sensors. With this scheme, even scenes possessing large global dynamic ranges (>40 dB) can be accommodated by the limited dynamic range (20 dB) of a display without losing the local contrast essential for image interpretation. This paper describes the recursive filter implementation of the local area contrast enhancement scheme using charge-coupled devices and the resultant real-time hardware capable of processing standard 525 and 875 line TV compatible video (from vidicons, videotape recorders, etc). Several examples from video imagery are included to demonstrate its effectiveness.
Beam splitters for p-polarized light using a high-index quarter-wave layer embedded in a low-index cube prism (2015)

A high-index quarter-wave layer (QWL) embedded in a low-index cube prism is designed to achieve 50%-50% beam splitting for incident p-polarized light at a 45° angle of incidence. This is accomplished when the ratio of the refractive index of the QWL to that of the prism is n=3.336666. Such a refractive index ratio is realized, e.g., with a Ge QWL embedded in a LiF cube at 8.357 μm wavelength. Spectral, angular, and film-thickness sensitivities of this mid-IR beam splitter (BS) are presented. Free-standing QWL pellicles of GaP and GaAs can also function as 50%-50% BSs for incident p-polarized light at 45° at visible and IR wavelengths of 0.610 μm and 2.929 μm, respectively. An application in interferometry is briefly discussed.
Anatomical drivers of stomatal conductance in sorghum lines with different leaf widths grown under different temperatures (2022)

Summary Improvements in leaf water use efficiency ( iWUE ) can maintain crop productivity in water limited environments under rising temperatures. We investigated the leaf anatomical traits which underpin our recently identified link between leaf width ( LW ) and iWUE . Ten sorghum lines with varying LW were grown under three temperatures to expand the range of variation of both LW and gas exchange rates. Leaf gas exchange, surface morphology and cross-sectional anatomy were measured and analysed using structural equations modelling. Narrower leaves had lower stomatal conductance ( g s ) and higher iWUE across growth temperatures. They also had smaller intercellular airspaces, stomatal size, percentage of open stomatal aperture relative to maximum, hydraulic pathway, mesophyll thickness, and leaf mass per area. Structural modelling revealed a developmental association among leaf anatomical traits that underpinned g s variation in sorghum. Growing temperature and LW both impacted leaf gas exchange rates, but only LW directly impacted leaf anatomy. Wider leaves may be more productive under well-watered conditions, but consume more water for growth and development, which is detrimental under water stress. Highlight Coordination between leaf width and leaf anatomy underpins stomatal conductance variation in sorghum grown under different temperatures.
Selective Properties of High Flux Cellulose Acetate Membranes toward Ions Found in Natural Waters (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEArticleNEXTSelective Properties of High Flux Cellulose Acetate Membranes toward Ions Found in Natural WatersD. L. Erickson, Julius Glater, and J. W. McCutchanCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1966, 5, 3, 205–211Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i360019a001https://doi.org/10.1021/i360019a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views90Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells With Copper-Plated Grid Electrodes: Status and Comparison With Silver Thick-Film Techniques (2014)

Copper electroplating is investigated and compared with common silver printing techniques for the front metallization of silicon heterojunction solar cells. We achieve smaller feature sizes by electroplating, significantly reducing optical shadowing losses and improving cell efficiency by 0.4% absolute. A detailed investigation of series resistance contributions reveals that, at maximum power point, a significant part of the lateral charge-carrier transport occurs inside the crystalline bulk, rather than exclusively in the front transparent conductive oxide. This impacts optimization for the front-grid design. Using advanced electron microscopy, we study the inner structure of copper-plated fingers and their interfaces. Finally, a cell efficiency of 22.4% is demonstrated with copper-plated front metallization.
G Protein Signaling in Yeast: New Components, New Connections, New Compartments (2006)

Signaling by cell surface receptors and heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) is one of the most exhaustively studied processes in the cell but remains a major focus of molecular pharmacology research. The pheromone-response system in yeast (see the Connections Map at Science's Signal Transduction Knowledge Environment) has provided numerous major advances in our understanding of G protein signaling and regulation. However, the basic features of this prototypical pathway have remained largely unchanged since the mid-1990s. New tools available in yeast are beginning to uncover new pathway components and interactions and have revealed signaling in unexpected locations within the cell.
Dual-Frequency CARS Excitation Source With Two Independent-Tunable Stokes Wavelengths Using PM-PCF and Vector Adjustment (2020)

An excitation source with two independent-tunable Stokes wavelengths is demonstrated for dual-frequency coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering applications. Two Stokes wavelengths can be independently tuned over 300 nm, corresponding to a molecular vibrational range of approximately 3600 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> , by vectorially adjusting the ultrashort pulse injected into a polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber. The Raman resonances of benzonitrile at 2230 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> and 3073 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> are excited and detected simultaneously by tuning two Stokes wavelengths to 948 nm and 1031 nm respectively, which confirms that the proposed excitation source is suitable for simultaneous detection of two Raman resonances.
Model of a two-substrate enzyme electrode for glucose (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTModel of a two-substrate enzyme electrode for glucoseJohn K. Leypoldt and David A. GoughCite this: Anal. Chem. 1984, 56, 14, 2896–2904Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00278a063https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00278a063research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views489Altmetric-Citations93LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Characterization of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances on fire suppression system piping and optimization of removal methods (2022)

Fire suppression systems are known to be impacted with residual, entrained per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) because of historical use of aqueous film forming foam (AFFF) and fluoroprotein foam. Amphiphilic PFASs aggregate at liquid:solid interfaces creating a hydrophobic layer which reduces the effectiveness of water to remove PFAS from layered surfaces. When fire suppression systems are transitioned to fluorine free foam (F3) without appropriate cleaning, residual PFASs associated with the surfaces of the fire suppression system can contaminate the replacement F3. Release of residual PFASs from fire suppression systems into F3 has been documented; however, little is known about the residual PFASs associated with the surfaces of the fire suppression systems. More information is needed to develop methods to appropriately remove PFASs from fire suppression systems to prevent costly and inefficient foam transitioning and preserve the PFAS-free benefit of F3. The objective of this work was to evaluate the distribution and composition of PFASs on hangar piping exposed to PFAS-containing firefighting foam for a prolonged period. Two assessment methods were used: 1) extractions with methanol, water, and a proprietary aqueous organic solvent (Fluoro Fighter™); and 2) direct imaging methods of the surface. Extractions were analyzed with mass spectrometry and combustion ion chromatography. Results indicate pipe in contact with PFAS-containing firefighting foam can amass approximately 10 μg/cm<sup>2</sup> of surface-associated PFAS residual following decades of exposure. Fluoro Fighter demonstrated higher PFAS removal per surface area of pipe than methanol (p = 0.007) or water extraction (p < 0.0001). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the hangar piping reveal deposits suspected to be self-assembled PFAS layers, as evidenced by examination of pipe surfaces using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), which revealed atomic fluorine on the surface of the pipe.
APC mosaicism in a young woman with desmoid type fibromatosis and familial adenomatous polyposis (2018)

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is usually caused by germline mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene. The classic form is characterized by hundreds to thousands of adenomas in the colorectum and early onset colorectal cancer (CRC) if left untreated. FAP is also associated with multiple extra-colonic manifestations such as gastroduodenal polyps, osteomas, epidermoid cysts, fibromas and desmoids. Most desmoid tumours in FAP patients occur intra-abdominally. Approximately 15-20% of the APC mutations are de novo mutations. Somatic mosaicism has been reported in some sporadic cases of polyposis but is probably an underestimated cause of the disease. This case report presents the detection of a mosaic APC mutation in a 26-year-old woman who as a child had been diagnosed with desmoid type fibromatosis. FAP was suggested when she presented with extensive extra abdominal fibromatosis. Our findings indicate that APC mutations may be suspected in patients presenting with a desmoid regardless of its location. If there is clinical evidence that the patient has FAP, adenomas and colonic mucosa in addition to leukocyte DNA should be included in the screening, preferably using methods that are more sensitive than Sanger sequencing.
Two‐compartment processing as a tool to boost recombinant protein production (2013)

Pichia pastoris is used extensively as a production platform for many recombinant proteins. The dissolved oxygen ( DO ) is one of the most important factors influencing protein production. The influence of the DO on productivity has not been studied independent from the feed rate. In this work, various DO levels were investigated independent from the feed rate. The model system was recombinant P . pastoris under the control of methanol‐induced alcohol oxidase promoter, which expressed HRP as the target protein. No significant effect was observed in terms of titer and specific productivity, which is a confirmation of the fact that the DO in a one‐compartment system cannot boost productivity for the model system under study. Hence, a two‐compartment system (a single reactor coupled with a plug flow reactor) was designed and implemented in order to apply oxygen‐related stress in the plug flow reactor and allow the cells to be recovered in the main reactor. Doing so, more than two‐fold increase in the titer and productivity and three‐fold increase in protein‐specific activity were achieved. Hence, partial application of oxygen‐related stress in the two‐compartment system was proposed as a process technology to enhance protein production.