gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Transport and Isomerization of Xylenes Over HZSM‐5 Zeolites. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Fabrication of multi-scale periodic surface structures onTi-6Al-4V for modified wettability applications by DirectLaser Writing and Direct Laser Interference Patterning (2018)

Hierarchical surface patterns fabricated on Ti-6Al-4V alloy combining two laser micro-machining techniques are presented. The used technologies are based on nanosecond Direct Laser Writing and picosecond Direct Laser Interference Patterning. Squared shape micro-cells with different hatch distances were produced by Direct Laser Writing with depths values in the micro-scale, forming a well-defined closed packet. Subsequently, cross-like periodic patterns were fabricated by means of Direct Laser Interference Patterning using a two-beam configuration, generating a dual-scale periodic surface structure in both micro- and nano-scale due to the formation of Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structure after the picosecond process. As a result a triple hierarchical periodic surface structure was generated. The surface morphology of the irradiated area was characterized with scanning electron microscopy and confocal microscopy. Additionally, static contact angle measurements were made to analyze the wettability behavior of the structures, showing a hydrophobic behavior for the hierarchical structures.
Isomeric structures and van der Waals vibrational frequencies of the glyoxal⋅Ar complexes. I. Fluorescence excitation spectroscopy (1992)

From the band shape and the concentration dependence of the peak intensity in the fluorescence excitation spectrum observed in a supersonic expansion of a He/Ar/glyoxal mixture near the 000Ã←X̃ band of glyoxal, it was found that the spectral features can be assigned to the following van der Waals complexes; (glyoxal)2⋅Ar, glyoxal⋅Ar2, (glyoxal)2, and three different isomers of glyoxal⋅Ar. The approximate structures of the three glyoxal⋅Ar isomers have been determined from rotational band contour analyses. In the electronic ground state, the Ar atom is either on the C2 axis 3.6 Å above the glyoxal plane (the top isomer), in the HCCO gulf of the glyoxal plane 4.3 Å away from the glyoxal center of mass (the side isomer), or in the HCO gulf of the glyoxal plane 4.8 Å away from the glyoxal center of mass (the front isomer). As the glyoxal molecule is electronically excited to the Ã 1A1 state, the Ar atom moves away from oxygen by more that 1 Å for all three isomers. Excited van der Waals vibrational levels associated with the 0̄0, Ã state of glyoxal were observed and assigned for all three glyoxal⋅Ar isomers.
Special variations within 11.7 kb fragment in goat polled intersex syndrome (2011)

The goat polled intersex syndrome (PIS ) is a full association between the absence of horns and intersexuality. Several pairs of primer were designed to detect the complete or partial deletion of 11.7 kb fragment in PIS goat. We proved that the 11.7 kb fragment was not deleted completely but partially in PIS goat. The special 198 base substitutions were found between normal and PIS dairy goats, which formed haplotypes A and B, representing normal and PIS dairy goat, respectively. Another special variation was the 18 deletions forming 108 bases deletion that only exist in PIS dairy goat. It could be inferred that the special 198 base substitutions and 108 bases deletion might be triggered intersexuality in the dairy goat.
Heat-Transfer Resistance at Solid–Liquid Interfaces: A Tool for the Detection of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in DNA (2012)

In this article, we report on the heat-transfer resistance at interfaces as a novel, denaturation-based method to detect single-nucleotide polymorphisms in DNA. We observed that a molecular brush of double-stranded DNA grafted onto synthetic diamond surfaces does not notably affect the heat-transfer resistance at the solid-to-liquid interface. In contrast to this, molecular brushes of single-stranded DNA cause, surprisingly, a substantially higher heat-transfer resistance and behave like a thermally insulating layer. This effect can be utilized to identify ds-DNA melting temperatures via the switching from low- to high heat-transfer resistance. The melting temperatures identified with this method for different DNA duplexes (29 base pairs without and with built-in mutations) correlate nicely with data calculated by modeling. The method is fast, label-free (without the need for fluorescent or radioactive markers), allows for repetitive measurements, and can also be extended toward array formats. Reference measurements by confocal fluorescence microscopy and impedance spectroscopy confirm that the switching of heat-transfer resistance upon denaturation is indeed related to the thermal on-chip denaturation of DNA.
Dechlorination of Tetrachloroethylene in Aqueous Solutions Using Metal-Modified Zerovalent Silicon (2008)

The combination of zerovalent metal with a catalytic second metal ion (bimetallic materials) to enhance the dechlorination efficiency and rate of chlorinated compounds has received much attention. Bimetallic materials not only enhance the dechlorination process but also alter the reduction pathway and product distribution. In this study, the efficiency and rate of tetrachloroethylene (PCE) dechlorination by metal-modified zerovalent silicon was investigated as a potential reductant for chlorinated hydrocarbons under anoxic conditions. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) results showed that metal ions including Ni(II), Cu(II), and Fe(II) could be reduced to their zerovalent forms on the Si surface. The dechlorination of PCE obeyed the pseudo-first-order kinetics, and the pseudo-first-order rate constants (k(obs)) for PCE dechlorination followed the order Ni/Si > Fe/Si > Cu/Si. Addition of Cu(II) lowered the dechlorination efficiency and rate of PCE by Si, while the k(obs) values for PCE dechlorination in the presence of 0.1 mM Fe(II) and Ni(II) were 1.5-3.8 times higher than that by Si alone. In addition, the efficiency and rate of PCE dechlorination increased upon increasing the mass loading of Ni(II) ranging between 0.05 and 0.5 mM and then decreased when the Ni(II) loading was further increased to 1 mM. The scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images and electron probe microanalytical (EPMA) maps showed that the Ni nanoparticles deposited on the Si surface and aggregated to a large particle at 1 mM Ni(II), which clearly depicts that the Ni(II) loading of 0.5 mM is the optimal value to enhance the efficiency and rate of PCE dechlorination by Si. Also, the reaction pathways for PCE dechlorination changed from hydrogenolysis in the absence of Ni(II) to hydrodechlorination when Ni(II) concentrations were higher than 0.05 mM. Results obtained in this study reveal that the metal-deposited zerovalent silicon can serve as an environmentally friendly reductant for the enhanced degradation of chlorinated hydrocarbons for long-term performance.
Crude glycerol glucoside esters of cottonseed oil: Preliminary cost analysis (1978)

Abstract Glycerol glucoside esters prepared by transglycosylation of starch and glycerol, followed by interesterification with esters of cottonseed oil fatty acids, are well suited for use in the steadily growing food emulsifier market. They offer formulators and processors a wide range of compositions and physical properties for achieving more effective emulsification without increase in cost. Process flowsheets, capital costs, manufacturing costs, and general expenses are given for the production of 5.7 million pounds and 17.2 million pounds of crude glycerol glucoside esters annually in hypothetical 4‐ton batch and 12‐ton batch grass‐roots plants, respectively. A material balance and preliminary plant layout for the 12‐ton batch plant are also provided. The cost of crude esters ranges from 37.4 cents to 43.7 cents/lb, indicating that the crude esters would be competitive with many commercially available food emulsifiers. The process can be carried out in conventional batch process equipment without production of polluting byproducts. Fixed capital investment for a new 12‐ton batch plant would be $2.5 million, and for a new 4‐ton plant, $1.3 million.
On the external bremsstrahlung produced by beta particles in thin foils (1973)

The integrated external bremsstrahlung (EB) produced by beta particles from 90Sr-90Y, 90Y, 32P and 89Sr sources in different thicknesses of Cu, Ag, Cd, Sn and Pb targets, is measured with a NaI(Tl) scintillation spectrometer. The external bremsstrahlung intensity increases rapidly with target thickness, but the increase of the intensity is not linear. This nonlinear increase of EB intensity is shown to follow an empirical relation of the type t exp(- Sigma Bt), where t is the thickness of the target in mg cm-2 and Sigma B is a constant. Sigma B(cm2mg-1) is found to be a constant and independent of the atomic number of the target. Sigma B is determined for 90Sr-90Y, 90Y, 32P and 89Sr beta sources. The values of Sigma B are found to be constant and agree with each other within 15-20% for these beta sources, showing that Sigma B is constant, independent of the atomic number of the target and also independent of the end-point energy of the beta spectrum.
ChemInform Abstract: Isomorphous Substitution in KTiOPO4: A Single‐Crystal Diffraction Study of Members of the K1‐xNaxTiOPO4 Solid Solution. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Characterization of the clinical features of five families with hereditary primary cutaneous lichen amyloidosis and multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2. (1992)

The hereditary conditions of primary cutaneous lichen amyloidosis and multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN 2) are rare clinical entities. The initial reports of two families in which the two conditions coincided have led to the identification of at least eight additional families with this clinical syndrome. In this report we describe the clinical features in five of these eight families. The salient feature in these five families is the presence of unilateral (46%) or bilateral (64%) pruritic and lichenoid skin lesions located over the upper portion of the back. Family members describe these skin lesions as intermittently intensely pruritic leading to scratching and excoriation of the upper back region. The presence of MEN 2 has been documented in 97% of family members with this skin lesion, the one exception being a child who is at risk for development of MEN 2A in whom the diagnosis has not yet been made. Of family members who have MEN 2A, 27% do not have an identifiable skin lesion, although the skin lesion developed in one patient two years after a curative thyroidectomy for medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). Four of the five families have members with pheochromocytoma; one with five affected members has only MTC. The finding of this clinical syndrome in geographically diverse portions of the world and the lack of overlap with MEN 2A without the skin lesion suggest it is a distinct clinical variant of MEN 2A.
Integrative molecular and developmental biology of adult stem cells (2003)

Stem cells are believed to be important for regeneration of several adult tissues. Recently, adult stem cells with very broad differentiation potential have been identified although whether they represent vestigial primitive pluripotent stem cells or products of extremely rare de-differentiation events involving tissue-specific stem cells is not known. Transdifferentiation of tissue-specific stem cells across lineage boundaries has also been demonstrated but the relative inefficiency of the process in vivo, even in the presence of tissue damage, questions whether such a mechanism is of physiologic relevance. Interestingly, among adult stem cells, the capacity for lineage switching appears to be greatest in stem cells that can be cultured ex vivo for extended periods. If the normal cell fate decisions of diverse adult stem cell types could be reliably redirected at high frequency in situ, possible regenerative therapies for a wide variety of diseases could be envisioned. An integrated understanding of the transcriptional regulatory networks that comprise the various adult stem cell entities as well as the signaling pathways governing their differentiation into therapeutically useful cell types will facilitate clinical application of these exciting findings.
Evaluación de la resistencia al pasador del fruto Neoleucinodes elegantalis y caracterización morfoagronómica de germoplasma silvestre de Lycopersicon spp. (2006)

Resistance evaluation to the fruit borer N. elegantalis and Morphoagronomic characterization in wild germplasm of Lycopersicon spp. The percentage of affected fruits with borer .N. elegantalis in the control treatment (L. esculentum cv maravilla) was of 60.3%; whereas in all the evaluated maternals of wild species L. hirsutum and L. peruvianum, none fruit was affected by this plague insect. All the wild materials of Lycopersicon spp showed a resistance of field” to the fruit borer. The variation coefficients of the quantitative descriptors used in the morpho agronomic evaluation fluctuated between 23.02 and 58.40%, indicating that thet genetic potential available in this germplasm evalu­ated for breeding programs, depends on the character that it'is looking to improve. The analysis of classification with quantitative and qualitative descriptors allowed with both the formation of four and three groups in wich the similar genetic constitution of the materials in each group was the probable cause of the obtained classification.
Linear Multiuser Detection for Asynchronous CDMA Systems: Chip Pulse Design and Time Delay Distribution (2006)

The large system performance analysis of linear multiuser detectors (e.g. MMSE, MSWF, multistage detectors) for asynchronous CDMA systems is provided. While the performance of synchronous systems with square-root waveforms is independent of the chip bandwidth, the performance of asynchronous systems depends on the pulse shape and the bandwidth. It increases as the bandwidth increases beyond half on the chip rate and, in such a case, asynchronous systems outperform the synchronous ones.
Protein-Polysaccharide Interactions for Stabilization of Food Emulsions (2002)

ABSTRACT Proteins, polysaccharides and their blends, as examples of natural biopolymers, are surface active materials. Biopolymers may be considered as amphiphilic macromolecules that play an essential role in stabilizing food formulations (foams, emulsions and dispersions). Under specific conditions (such as protein-to-polysaccharide ratio, pH, ionic strength, temperature, mixing processing), it has been stated that proteins and polysaccharides form hybrids (complexes) with enhanced functional properties in comparison to the proteins and polysaccharides alone. Different protein-polysaccharide pairs are reviewed with particular attention to the emulsification capability of their mixtures. In the case of uncomplexed blends of biopolymers, competitive adsorption onto hydrophobic surfaces is generally reported. Conversely, electrostatic complexation between oppositely charged proteins and polysaccharides allows better anchoring of the new-formed macro-molecular amphiphile onto oil-water interfaces. Moreover, improved thermal stability and increased resistance to external treatment (high pressure) involved in food processing are obtained. This review presents basic and applied knowledge on protein-polysaccharide interactions in aqueous medium and at the oil-water interface in food emulsion systems. Electrostatic interactions and thermodynamic incompatibility in mixed biopolymer solutions are correlated to the functional properties (rheology, surface hydrophobiciry, emulsification power) of these interesting blends. Basic and industrial selected systems of different families of hydrocolloids (as gum Arabic, galactomannans, pectins) and protein (caseins, whey, soya, gelatin) mixtures are reviewed.
Two-dimensional plasmonic grating for increased quantum efficiency in midwave infrared nBn detectors with thin absorbers (2018)

We demonstrate a strategy for increasing the operating temperatures of nBn midwave infrared (MWIR) focal plane arrays, based on the use of two-dimensional plasmonic gratings to enhance the quantum efficiency (QE) of structures with very thin absorbers. Reducing the absorber volume correspondingly reduces the dark current in a diffusion-limited photodiode, while light trapping mediated by the plasmonic grating increases the net absorbance to maintain high QE. The plasmonically enhanced nBn MWIR sensors with absorber thicknesses of only 0.5 μm exhibit peak internal QEs as high as 57%, which enables a 5-fold reduction in dark current. Numerical simulations indicate the potential for further improvement.
Hormonal Regulation of Cystathionine β-Synthase Expression in Liver (2002)

Homocysteine metabolism is altered in diabetic patients. Cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS), a key enzyme involved in the transsulfuration pathway, which irreversibly converts homocysteine to cysteine, catalyzes the condensation of serine and homocysteine to cystathionine. Studies in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats have shown that CBS enzyme activity is elevated in the liver but not in the kidney, and this effect is reversed by insulin treatment. To determine whether these effects resulted from alterations at the level of gene transcription, CBS mRNA was measured in diabetic and insulin-treated diabetic rats. CBS mRNA levels were found to be markedly higher in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat livers; these were reduced by insulin administration. In H4IIE cells, a rat hepatoma cell culture model, glucocorticoids increased the cellular levels of CBS enzyme protein and CBS mRNA; insulin inhibited this stimulatory effect. Treatment with insulin also decreased CBS levels in HepG2 cells, a human hepatoma cell line. Nuclear run-on experiments in the rat cells confirmed that stimulation of CBS gene expression by glucocorticoids and the inhibition by insulin occurred at the transcriptional level. Transient transfections of HepG2 cells with a CBS-1b promoter luciferase reporter construct showed that the promoter activity was decreased by 70% after insulin treatment. These results show that insulin has a direct role in regulating homocysteine metabolism. Altered insulin levels in diseases such as diabetes may influence homocysteine metabolism by regulating the hepatic transsulfuration pathway.
Data from Outcome-Related Signatures Identified by Whole Transcriptome Sequencing of Resectable Stage III/IV Melanoma Evaluated after Starting Hu14.18-IL2 (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;We analyzed whole transcriptome sequencing in tumors from 23 patients with stage III or IV melanoma from a pilot trial of the anti-GD2 immunocytokine, hu14.18-IL2, to identify predictive immune and/or tumor biomarkers in patients with melanoma at high risk for recurrence.&lt;/p&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;p&gt;Patients were randomly assigned to receive the first of three monthly courses of hu14.18-IL2 immunotherapy either before (Group A) or after (Group B) complete surgical resection of all known diseases. Tumors were evaluated by histology and whole transcriptome sequencing.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) levels directly associated with relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) in resected tumors from Group A, where early responses to the immunotherapy agent could be assessed. TIL levels directly associated with a previously reported immune signature, which associated with RFS and OS, particularly in Group A tumors. In Group A tumors, there were decreased cell-cycling gene RNA transcripts, but increased RNA transcripts for repair and growth genes. We found that outcome (RFS and OS) was directly associated with several immune signatures and immune-related RNA transcripts and inversely associated with several tumor growth–associated transcripts, particularly in Group A tumors. Most of these associations were not seen in Group B tumors.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;We interpret these data to signify that both immunologic and tumoral cell processes, as measured by RNA-sequencing analyses detected shortly after initiation of hu14.18-IL2 therapy, are associated with long-term survival and could potentially be used as prognostic biomarkers in tumor resection specimens obtained after initiating neoadjuvant immunotherapy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
On-Wafer Calibration Techniques Enabling Accurate Characterization of High-Performance Silicon Devices at the mm-Wave Range and Beyond (2022)

This work addressed the challenges of accurate mm-wave characterization of devices fabricated in advanced semiconductor technologies. It developed the in-situ calibration solution that is easy to be implemented for silicon technologies. The new technique was verified up to 110 GHz on three difference processes: high performance SiGe:C BiCMOS from IHP Microelectronics (Germany), BiCMOS9MMW from STMicroelectronics (France), and RF CMOS 8SF from IBM Microelectronics (USA). The measurement frequency was solely limited by the capability of the test equipment. Practical results demonstrated that proposed in-situ calibration significantly outperforms the convention method independently on the process specifics and complexity. Some important aspects of the on-wafer S-parameter measurement assurance were presented as well. The discussion included the analysis of the calibration residual errors caused by the improper boundary conditions of coplanar calibration standards and the impact of the RF probe tip design. In conclusion, some suggestions for further accuracy improvement of the proposed method are given.
Crystallographic Space Groups: Representation and Interactive Visualization by Geometric Algebra (2013)

We treat the symmetries of crystal space lattices in geometric algebra (GA)~\cite{DH:PGSG}. All crystal cell point groups are generated by geometric multiplication of two or three physical cell vectors. Only one or two relative angles subtended by these vectors need to be known. This treatment extends to space groups by including translations. GA helps to identify optimal multivector generators. As example we take the monoclinic case. New free interactive OpenGL and GA based software visualizes these symmetries.