gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modeling the Background for Incremental Learning in Semantic Segmentation (2020)

Despite their effectiveness in a wide range of tasks, deep architectures suffer from some important limitations. In particular, they are vulnerable to catastrophic forgetting, i.e. they perform poorly when they are required to update their model as new classes are available but the original training set is not retained. This paper addresses this problem in the context of semantic segmentation. Current strategies fail on this task because they do not consider a peculiar aspect of semantic segmentation: since each training step provides annotation only for a subset of all possible classes, pixels of the background class (i.e. pixels that do not belong to any other classes) exhibit a semantic distribution shift. In this work we revisit classical incremental learning methods, proposing a new distillation-based framework which explicitly accounts for this shift. Furthermore, we introduce a novel strategy to initialize classifier's parameters, thus preventing biased predictions toward the background class. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach with an extensive evaluation on the Pascal-VOC 2012 and ADE20K datasets, significantly outperforming state of the art incremental learning methods.
Novel compact wideband bandpass filter using microstrip and coplanar-waveguide resonators with good harmonic suppression (2009)

A compact wideband bandpass filter (BPF) is presented and experimentally validated in this letter. The described filter consists of microstrip resonator and CPW resonator designed on different layers, has compact size and strong coupling strength and then achieves good wideband performance. By adjusting the coupling electric length between resonators and the adding trapeze-form patch, good harmonic suppression can be expected. One prototype is fabricated and measured to demonstrate the validity of the design idea, good agreement with theoretical expectation can be observed. The measured insertion loss is less than 0.5 dB in the whole passband of 3.4-5.5 GHz (about 47.2% fractional bandwidth), and a wide stopband bandwidth with 20 dB attenuation goes up to at least 18.5 GHz. The second harmonic suppression is better than -35 dB (8.7 GHz), while the third harmonic suppression is better than -25 dB (13.3 GHz).
Geospatial Modeling Techniques for Understanding Internal Geometries of Complexly Faulted Reservoirs (1994)

ABSTRACT One of the many challenges in reservoir characterization is the problem of accurately defining, visualizing, and understanding spatial relationships between faults and structural horizons. With the use of new threedimensional geospatial modeling tools geologists, geophysicists, and engineers are able to build geologic models which can be used to verify data interpretations, spatial relationships, and internal geometries of complexly faulted reservoirs. This paper briefly describes recently developed geospatial modeling technology and the process by which three-dimensional geologic models are constructed. Examples from various studies are presented.
LAAC: A Location-Aware Access Control Protocol (2006)

With the proliferation of wireless communication technologies and mobile computing devices, research interest has grown for location-aware systems and services. We propose LAAC, a novel location-aware access control protocol based on a coarsely defined location area that is enclosed by overlapping areas of multiple access points. Accordingly, a location key for location claim is derived from the overlapping access points' beacon information. In addition, the fact that a mobile device derives the location key enables us to track the location of the mobile device. LAAC does not require additional hardwares such as GPS or ultrasonic devices in order to localize the mobile devices. We enumerate possible attacks to the system and analyze their countermeasures. The computational and communicational costs and the memory requirement are evaluated, and the simulation results are presented
Bistable Firing Pattern in a Neural Network Model (2019)

Excessively high, neural synchronization has been associated with epileptic seizures, one of the most common brain diseases worldwide. A better understanding of neural synchronization mechanisms can thus help control or even treat epilepsy. In this paper, we study neural synchronization in a random network where nodes are neurons with excitatory and inhibitory synapses, and neural activity for each node is provided by the adaptive exponential integrate-and-fire model. In this framework, we verify that the decrease in the influence of inhibition can generate synchronization originating from a pattern of desynchronized spikes. The transition from desynchronous spikes to synchronous bursts of activity, induced by varying the synaptic coupling, emerges in a hysteresis loop due to bistability where abnormal (excessively high synchronous) regimes exist. We verify that, for parameters in the bistability regime, a square current pulse can trigger excessively high (abnormal) synchronization, a process that can reproduce features of epileptic seizures. Then, we show that it is possible to suppress such abnormal synchronization by applying a small-amplitude external current on > 10% of the neurons in the network. Our results demonstrate that external electrical stimulation not only can trigger synchronous behavior, but more importantly, it can be used as a means to reduce abnormal synchronization and thus, control or treat effectively epileptic seizures.
Grundlagen von Informationssicherheitsmanagementsystemen (2019)

No AccessPraxisbuch ISO/IEC 27001Dec 2019Grundlagen von InformationssicherheitsmanagementsystemenMichael Brenner, Nils gentschen Felde, Wolfgang Hommel, Stefan Metzger, Helmut Reiser, Thomas SchaafMichael Brenner, Nils gentschen Felde, Wolfgang Hommel, Stefan Metzger, Helmut Reiser, Thomas Schaafhttps://doi.org/10.3139/9783446462762.003SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF key 'share (en)' returned an object instead of string.FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn previous chapternext chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2019Pages: 23-34Print ISBN: 978-3-446-46170-3eISBN: 978-3-446-46276-2 Copyright & Permissions© 2020 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF downloadLoading ...
Seebeck Effect in Germanium (1954)

An apparatus for making measurements of the Seebeck effect between 20\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K and 375\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K is described.Experimental curves of the Seebeck effect are given for a series of germanium crystals in which various concentrations of acceptor and donor atoms have been incorporated. The Seebeck data are compared with Hall data obtained concurrently. Above 250\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K the two effects can be correlated by means of existing theory. Below 250\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K a marked discrepancy occurs between existing theory and experiment. The temperature dependence of this discrepancy and its dependence upon concentration of added atoms are given. The results are consistent with a new theory proposed by C. Herring which considers an interaction between the phonon and electron systems. A dependence of Seebeck voltage upon sample dimension which is predicted by Herring's theory has been found in the temperature region below 50\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K.A value of $(0.75\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2)m$ has been determined for the mass parameter of both holes and electrons which enters into the "density of states" equation.
A DC-DC Converter Using a Microtransformer (1994)

Studies of microtransformer-based switching converters are reviewed in this paper. A multilayered planar device consisting of zigzag-shape coils and Co-Zr amorphous magnetic films is used as the converter's main transformer. A resonant-type microconverter driven at high frequencies (6 MHz) shows excellent characteristics suited to practical applications, including high efficiency (49.5%), high output (0.35 W) and small size (10×10×0.23 mm).
Isomerization of o-Phenylphenol to m-Phenylphenol (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIsomerization of o-Phenylphenol to m-PhenylphenolAllan S. HayCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1965, 30, 10, 3577–3578Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01021a515https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01021a515research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views122Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Nanoscale High-Tc YBCO/GaN Super-Schottky Diode (2018)

We demonstrate a high-temperature nanoscale super-Schottky diode based on a superconducting tunnel junction of pulsed-laser-deposited YBCO on GaN thin films. A buffer-free direct growth of nanoscale YBCO thin films on heavily doped GaN was performed to realize a direct high-T<sub>c</sub> superconductor-semiconductor junction. The junction shows strongly non-linear I-V characteristics, which have practical applications as a low-voltage super-Schottky diode for microwave mixing and detection. The V-shaped differential conductance spectra observed across the junction are characteristic of the c-axis tunneling into a cuprate superconductor with a certain disorder level. This implementation of the super-Schottky diode, supported by the buffer-free direct growth of nanoscale high-T<sub>c</sub> thin films on semiconductors, paves the way for practical large-scale fabrication and integration of high-T<sub>c</sub>-superconductor devices in future technologies.
Concentration-Dependent Pyrene-Driven Self-Assembly in Benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene (BDT)–Thienothiophene (TT)–Pyrene Copolymers (2015)

We synthesized and characterized a series of pyrene units incorporated into benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene-based random copolymers. Concentration-dependent pyrene-driven self-assembly in the copolymers was systematically investigated using measurements of the copolymer optical and electrochemical properties, the hole mobilities extracted from the field-effect transistor and the space charge limited current, and the photovoltaic characteristics. We additionally studied the morphological changes using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), synchrotron X-ray diffraction analysis, AFM, and TEM. The Py–Py interactions were found to facilitate the formation of fibrous structures. As the Py content increased, multiple Py–Py interactions within a few polymer chains dominated the interchain interactions to produce a more ordered phase but less interconnectivity among many polymer chains. A threshold quantity of the Py moieties enabled the Py–Py interactions to propagate over many polymer chains to form a highly interconnected structure that improved hole transport pathways and, thus, the photovoltaic performances of resulting bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells (5.03 → 7.52%).
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Cleavage and Rearrangement of Aryl Epoxides Using Iodosylbenzene: On Criegee′s Trail. (2013)

Abstract Aryl epoxides undergo rearrangement and oxidative cleavage with in situ prepared hydroxy‐λ 3 iodane complexes.
ChemInform Abstract: New Directions in Synthetic Solid State Chemistry : Chalcophosphate Salt Fluxes for Discovery of New Multinary Solids (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Effect of CO_2 Dilution on the Combustion Characteristics of a Spark-Ignition Engine Fuelled with Individual Component of Bio-Gas(Thermal Engineering) (2010)

This paper presents further results of the study on basic combustion characteristics of gaseous fuels simulated for a bio-gas produced through a biomass gasification process with a catalyzer. CO_2 dilution effect was examined for the individual fuel component of CH_4, CO and H_2 in a single-cylinder spark-ignition engine under the condition of WOT, MBT and a constant speed of 1500rpm. For these three kinds of fuels, until a certain level of CO_2 dilution, the thermal efficiency does not vary, since the combustion duration increase is very small, which might have given negligible change in the indicated thermal efficiency or the degree of constant volume combustion. Thus; there is an operating condition under which acceptable level of deterioration of thermal efficiency was obtained with satisfactorily low level of NO_x emission.
Long CAG repeats in theARgene are not associated with infertility in Finnish males (2003)

At least in the present study population from Finland, long CAG repeats in the androgen receptor gene do not play a significant role in spermatogenic failure.
Numerical analysis of silicon carbide Schottky diodes and power MOSFETs (2002)

A silicon carbide (SiC) device simulator has been developed to exactly evaluate the electrical characteristics of SiC power devices. Avalanche breakdown voltages were predicted based on the ionization integral method for high-resistivity n-type diodes (<1.0*10/sup 16/ cm/sup -3/ donor concentration). The calculated value for concentrations of 2.0*10/sup 15/ cm/sup -3/ was 40% lower than a previous prediction. It was predicted that 4500-V platinum-SiC diodes would have a forward voltage drop of 3.3 V for 100 A/cm/sup 2/ and that 4500-V MOSFETs would have a specific on-resistance of 0.023 Omega -cm/sup 2/. The breakdown voltages of Schottky diodes with low-barrier-height metals such as titanium are determined by large leakage currents and not by avalanche breakdown. The reverse recovery time of a Schottky diode can be less than 10 ns even for the fast switching case.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Frequency domain distributed OFDM source detection (2013)

We consider distributed detection of an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) random source using a cooperative set of sensors. Assuming that the observations of different sensors are independent, we derive/propose several frequency-domain detectors: the Neyman-Pearson detector for known SNRs and noise variances and three generalized likelihood ratio detectors for unknown SNRs and/or noise variances assuming that the transmit power is either uniformly allocated to all the subcarriers or not. Our theoretical analysis matches our simulation results and show that the proposed detectors, despite their lower computational complexity, outperform the state-of-the-art time-domain detectors in practical cases.
Quantitative Mapping of the Orientation of Fibroin β-Sheets in B. mori Cocoon Fibers by Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscopy (2006)

The spatial distribution of the linear dichroic signal associated with aligned beta-sheets in a microtomed section of a Bombyx mori cocoon silk fiber was derived from scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM). The intense C 1s --> pi(amide) peak at 288.25 eV was found to have negligible dichroic signal in transverse sections but a large dichroic signal in longitudinal sections. This is consistent with other measurements of the orientation of the aligned beta-sheets in silk fibers, in particular with those obtained by polarized Raman microspectroscopy to which our results are compared. When the dichroic signal strength is mapped at better than 100 nm spatial resolution, microscopic variations are found. Although the magnitude of the dichroic signal changes over a fine spatial scale, the direction of the maximum signal at any position does not change. We interpret the spatial variation of the intensity of the dichroic signal as a map of the quality of local orientation of the beta-sheets in the fiber. At sufficiently high magnification and resolution, this technique should image individual beta-sheet crystallites, although the present implementation does not achieve that. A map of the orientation parameter P(2) is derived. The average value of P(2) (-0.20 +/- 0.04) from STXM is smaller than that derived from the analysis of the amide I band in polarized Raman spectra (-0.41 +/- 0.03). This deviation is attributed to the fact that the STXM results also include the signal from unaligned regions of the protein.
Computational tools for the evaluation of laboratory-engineered biocatalysts (2016)

Biocatalysis is based on the application of natural catalysts for new purposes, for which enzymes were not designed. Although the first examples of biocatalysis were reported more than a century ago, biocatalysis was revolutionized after the discovery of an in vitro version of Darwinian evolution called Directed Evolution (DE). Despite the recent advances in the field, major challenges remain to be addressed. Currently, the best experimental approach consists of creating multiple mutations simultaneously while limiting the choices using statistical methods. Still, tens of thousands of variants need to be tested experimentally, and little information is available on how these mutations lead to enhanced enzyme proficiency. This review aims to provide a brief description of the available computational techniques to unveil the molecular basis of improved catalysis achieved by DE. An overview of the strengths and weaknesses of current computational strategies is explored with some recent representative examples. The understanding of how this powerful technique is able to obtain highly active variants is important for the future development of more robust computational methods to predict amino-acid changes needed for activity.
A Memory-Based FFT Processor Design With Generalized Efficient Conflict-Free Address Schemes (2017)

This paper presents the design and implementation of memory-based fast Fourier transform (FFT) processors with generalized efficient, conflict-free address schemes. We unified the conflict-free address schemes of three different FFT lengths, including the single-power points, the common nonsingle-power points, and the nonsingle-power points applied with a prime factor algorithm. Though the three cases differ in terms of decomposition, they are all compatible with memory-based architecture by the way of the proposed address schemes. Moreover, the decomposition algorithm utilizes a method, named high-radix-small-butterfly (HRSB), to decrease the computation cycles and eliminate the complexity of the processing engine. In addition, an efficient index generator, a simplified multipath delay commutator engine, and a unified Winograd Fourier transform algorithm butterfly core were also designed. We designed two FFT examples in long-term evolution system to verify the availability of the address scheme, including a 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sup> (128-2048)-point FFT unit and a 35 different point (12-1296) DFT unit. Compared with previous works with similar address schemes, this paper supports more generalized lengths and achieves more flexible throughput.
Cell-Free-DNA-Based Copy Number Index Score in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer—Impact for Diagnosis and Treatment Monitoring (2021)

ctDNA-quantification based on genomic instability determined by the CNI-Score was a biomarker with high diagnostic accuracy in high-grade EOC. The applied assay might be a promising tool for diagnostics and therapy monitoring, as it requires no a priori information about the tumor.
Online Learning for Measuring Incentive Compatibility in Ad Auctions? (2019)

In this paper we investigate the problem of measuring end-to-end Incentive Compatibility (IC) regret given black-box access to an auction mechanism. Our goal is to 1) compute an estimate for IC regret in an auction, 2) provide a measure of certainty around the estimate of IC regret, and 3) minimize the time it takes to arrive at an accurate estimate. We consider two main problems, with different informational assumptions: In the advertiser problem the goal is to measure IC regret for some known valuation v, while in the more general demand-side platform (DSP) problem we wish to determine the worst-case IC regret over all possible valuations. The problems are naturally phrased in an online learning model and we design algorithms for both problems. We give an online learning algorithm where for the advertiser problem the error of determining IC shrinks as (where B is the finite set of bids, T is the number of time steps, and n is number of auctions per time step), and for the DSP problem it shrinks as . For the DSP problem, we also consider stronger IC regret estimation and extend our algorithm to achieve better IC regret error. We validate the theoretical results using simulations with Generalized Second Price (GSP) auctions, which are known to not be incentive compatible and thus have strictly positive IC regret.
Novel high-pressure isolation cell capable of reaching 120 atm mounted in an ultrahigh-vacuum chamber (1987)

A high-pressure cell and manipulator mounted inside an UHV surface analysis chamber has been built which can reach 1800 psi. With this apparatus, catalytic reactions on small surface area (∼1 cm2) single crystals and polycrystalline surfaces are monitored, and the effect of reactant pressure, surface composition, and surface structure are correlated with catalytic activity. This article describes in detail the apparatus and typical experimental procedure.
Efficient traceless modification of the P1 bacteriophage genome through homologous recombination with enrichment in double recombinants: A new perspective on the functional annotation of uncharacterized phage genes (2023)

The advent of high-throughput omic technologies has caused unprecedented progress in research on bacteriophages, the most abundant and still the least explored entities on earth. Despite the growing number of phage genomes sequenced and the rejuvenation of interest in phage therapy, the progress in the functional analysis of phage genes is slow. Simple and efficient techniques of phage genome targeted mutagenesis that would allow one to knock out particular genes precisely without polar effects in order to study the effect of these knock-outs on phage functions are lacking. Even in the case of model phages, the functions of approximately half of their genes are unknown. P1 is an enterobacterial temperate myophage of clinical significance, which lysogenizes cells as a plasmid. It has a long history of studies, serves as a model in basic research, is a gene transfer vector, and is a source of genetic tools. Its gene products have structural homologs in several other phages. In this perspective article, we describe a simple and efficient procedure of traceless P1 genome modification that could also serve to acquire targeted mutations in the genomes of certain other temperate phages and speed up functional annotations of phage genes.