gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Refractory scleroderma renal crisis precipitated after high-dose oral corticosteroids and concurrent intravitreal injection of bevacizumab (2020)

Scleroderma renal crisis is a serious complication that can develop in certain patients with systemic sclerosis. Some risks have been identified as potential triggers of scleroderma renal crisis, including the high-dose oral corticosteroids. Here, we present a patient who developed clinically severe systemic sclerosis and scleroderma renal crisis after exposure to oral corticosteroids and intravitreal vascular endothelial growth factor blockade with bevacizumab for cotton wool spots. The patient's scleroderma renal crisis was severe, progressive, and refractory to the standard of care therapy: oral captopril. Biopsy showed a diffuse thrombotic microangiopathy and findings consistent with scleroderma renal crisis. We hypothesize that depletion of systemic vascular endothelial growth factor with intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections likely contributed to the particularly severe presentation seen in this case. Though the finding of a monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance is another complicating factor, this case suggests that vascular endothelial growth factor inhibition may be a newly recognized trigger of scleroderma renal crisis.
Pd–In intermetallic alloy nanoparticles: highly selective ethane dehydrogenation catalysts (2016)

2 nm PdIn intermetallic alloy (cubic, CsCl type) nanoparticle catalyst was near 100% selective to ethane dehydrogenation at 600 °C (at 15% conversion) with a dehydrogenation TOR almost 10 times higher than that of monometallic Pd.
Secrecy Capacity of Space Keying with Two Antennas (2012)

Spatial modulation (SM) and space shift keying (SSK) use only one out of several transmit antennas at a time to transmit data via an antenna index. In such a system, the information is encoded by exploiting channel randomness i.e. the fact that channels between different transmit and receive antennas are random. This difference is used to distinguish among the transmit antennas. While SSK uses only antenna index to transmit data, SM also uses ordinary signal modulation. In wireless secrecy systems, one of the key performance measures is secrecy capacity. It specifies the rate at which the transmitter can communicates on the main link to the desired receiver while this information cannot be decoded by the eavesdropper. We investigate SM and SSK in the context of wireless secrecy capacity when the underlying modulation and the difference between the legitimate and eavesdropper signal to noise ratios (SNRs) are varied.
STAT1 and STAT3 in tumorigenesis (2012)

The transcription factors STAT1 and STAT3 appear to play opposite roles in tumorigenesis. While STAT3 promotes cell survival/proliferation, motility and immune tolerance and is considered as an oncogene, STAT1 mostly triggers anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic responses while enhancing anti-tumor immunity. Despite being activated downstream of common cytokine and growth factor receptors, their activation is reciprocally regulated and perturbation in their balanced expression or phosphorylation levels may re-direct cytokine/growth factor signals from proliferative to apoptotic, or from inflammatory to anti-inflammatory. Here we review the functional canonical and non-canonical effects of STAT1 and STAT3 activation in tumorigenesis and their potential cross-regulation mechanisms.
BeliefBank: Adding Memory to a Pre-Trained Language Model for a Systematic Notion of Belief (2021)

Although pretrained language models (PTLMs) contain significant amounts of world knowledge, they can still produce inconsistent answers to questions when probed, even after specialized training. As a result, it can be hard to identify what the model actually "believes" about the world, making it susceptible to inconsistent behavior and simple errors. Our goal is to reduce these problems. Our approach is to embed a PTLM in a broader system that also includes an evolving, symbolic memory of beliefs -a BeliefBank -that records but then may modify the raw PTLM answers. We describe two mechanisms to improve belief consistency in the overall system. First, a reasoning component -a weighted MaxSAT solver -revises beliefs that significantly clash with others. Second, a feedback component issues future queries to the PTLM using known beliefs as context. We show that, in a controlled experimental setting, these two mechanisms result in more consistent beliefs in the overall system, improving both the accuracy and consistency of its answers over time. This is significant as it is a first step towards PTLM-based architectures with a systematic notion of belief, enabling them to construct a more coherent picture of the world, and improve over time without model retraining.
Comparison of "aromatic" and "neutral" yeast strains: influence of vinification conditions (2000)

32 ref.
Prediagnostic Smoking Is Associated with Binary and Quantitative Measures of ER Protein and ESR1 mRNA Expression in Breast Tumors (2017)

<b>Background:</b> Smoking is a possible risk factor for breast cancer and has been linked to increased risk of estrogen receptor-positive (ER<sup>+</sup>) disease in some epidemiologic studies. It is unknown whether smoking has quantitative effects on ER expression.<b>Methods:</b> We examined relationships between smoking and ER expression from tumors of 1,888 women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer from a population-based study in North Carolina. ER expression was characterized using binary (±) and continuous measures for ER protein, <i>ESR1</i> mRNA, and a multigene luminal score (LS) that serves as a measure of estrogen signaling in breast tumors. We used logistic and linear regression models to estimate temporal and dose-dependent associations between smoking and ER measures.<b>Results:</b> The odds of ER<sup>+</sup>, <i>ESR1</i><sup>+</sup>, and LS<sup>+</sup> tumors among current smokers (at the time of diagnosis), those who smoked 20 or more years, and those who smoked within 5 years of diagnosis were nearly double those of nonsmokers. Quantitative levels of <i>ESR1</i> were highest among current smokers compared with never smokers overall [mean (log<sub>2</sub>) = 9.2 vs. 8.7, <i>P</i> < 0.05] and among ER<sup>+</sup> cases; however, we did not observe associations between smoking measures and continuous ER protein expression.<b>Conclusions:</b> In relationship to breast cancer diagnosis, recent smoking was associated with higher odds of the ER<sup>+</sup>, <i>ESR1</i><sup>+</sup>, and LS<sup>+</sup> subtype. Current smoking was associated with elevated <i>ESR1</i> mRNA levels and an elevated LS, but not with altered ER protein.<b>Impact:</b> A multigene LS and single-gene <i>ESR1</i> mRNA may capture tumor changes associated with smoking. <i>Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(1); 67-74. ©2017 AACR</i>.
Use of principal components analysis for mutation detection with two–dimensional electrophoresis protein separations (1992)

The application of two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) to mutation detection requires the capability to monitor each protein in a 2-DE pattern for significant changes in abundance indicative of a mutation event. Previously, mutation searches were done using a univariate outlier detection method in which each protein spot was considered independently in a classical outlier search. An alternative approach to analysis of 2-DE patterns for quantitative changes is a multivariate procedure which takes advantage of the observation that protein spots in a 2-DE pattern often represent correlated rather than independent measurements. We have compared the efficiency of univariate and multivariate procedures for mutation detection using data from the Argonne National Laboratory 2-DE database of mouse liver proteins. Analyses involving a total of over 1500 gels were performed to compare the performance of a multivariate method based on principal components analysis (PCA) with the univariate method. Up to 279 spots from each pattern were used for PCA. First, a simulation was performed to assess the detection efficiency of PCA for single protein spots decreased in abundance by 50%. Then, the ability to detect actual mutations was tested using eight confirmed mutations. Results show that, compared to a univariate approach to analysis of data from the mouse model system, the multivariate method increases the number of protein spots on each 2-DE pattern that can be monitored for quantitative changes indicative of mutations by compensating for variables that contribute to the background quantitative variability of protein spots.
Constant Memory Attention Block (2023)

Modern foundation model architectures rely on attention mechanisms to effectively capture context. However, these methods require linear or quadratic memory in terms of the number of inputs/datapoints, limiting their applicability in low-compute domains. In this work, we propose Constant Memory Attention Block (CMAB), a novel general-purpose attention block that computes its output in constant memory and performs updates in constant computation. Highlighting CMABs efficacy, we introduce methods for Neural Processes and Temporal Point Processes. Empirically, we show our proposed methods achieve results competitive with state-of-the-art while being significantly more memory efficient.
The hydrated proton H+(H2O)n. 6. A neutron diffraction study of the isolated group H5O2+.H2O in o-sulfobenzoic acid trihydrate (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe hydrated proton H+(H2O)n. 6. A neutron diffraction study of the isolated group H5O2+.H2O in o-sulfobenzoic acid trihydrateRainer. Attig and Jack M. WilliamsCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1976, 15, 12, 3057–3061Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50166a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50166a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views68Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Supercritical fluid extraction of polymers: theoretical explanation of pressure and flow-rate effects (1995)

A theoretical model is compared with experimental results for the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of additives and other small molecules from polymers. The model explains the transition between the two extreme situations in which either diffusion through the polymer or solvation in the supercritical fluid is the dominant rate determining process. From fitting the model to data obtained at varying pressure, information on diffusion coefficients and solubilities is obtained which shows the expected behaviour. Predictions by the model of the effect of flow rate are close to experimental observations. SFE from polymers can thus be understood successfully by use of the model.
The bithorax complex is regulated by trithorax earlier during Drosophila embryogenesis than is the Antennapedia complex, correlating with a bithorax-like expression pattern of distinct early trithorax transcripts (1994)

The trithorax gene is required throughout development to maintain expression of homeotic genes of the bithorax and Antennapedia complexes. We determined complete structures of maternal and zygotic alternatively spliced trithorax transcripts, and found that two RNA isoforms are expressed in a surprising manner in the early embryo. At syncytial blastoderm their expression is confined to the ventral region fated to become mesoderm. An additional broad domain of trithorax expression arises during cellularization and is quickly resolved into four pair-rule-like stripes in the posterior half of the embryo. This early expression pattern suggested the possibility that trithorax is involved in the very early regulation of homeotic genes expressed only in the posterior region of the embryo. Indeed, transcription of bithorax complex genes in the mesoderm and ectoderm is altered in strong trithorax mutants during germ band elongation, while the anteriorly expressed Antennapedia complex genes are affected only at late stages of embryonic development. In addition, in another mutant allele (trxE3), expression of bithorax complex genes is normal, while expression of Antennapedia complex genes is reduced. These results suggest that proper expression of genes in the two homeotic complexes is maintained by products of different trithorax RNAs at different times of embryogenesis.
Membrane-Based Laser Microdissection in Molecular Oncology (1999)

<b><i> Background:</i> </b> PCR analysis of tumour-specific genomic alterations depends on the selective procurement of the tumour cells. Membrane-based microdissection, first described in 1992, has emerged as a valuable tool for the selective procurement of homogeneous cell populations from solid tumours, and provides good accuracy and correlation with standard histology. The incorporation of laser technology, either infra-red or ultra-violet, has further increased its impact. <b><i> Material and Methods:</i> </b>The feasibility of microbeam MOMeNT ( Microdissection Of Membrane-mounted Native Tissue) is demonstrated with an emphasis on membrane type and coupling medium. <b><i> Results:</i> </b>Microbeam MOMeNTis a reliable method for the detection of tumour-specific alterations when using PCR assays. Homozygous deletions in the MTS1/CDKN2tumour suppressor gene are demonstrated in bladder carcinomas. Ultra-thin (less than 2 μ) polyethylene terephthalate membranes and 70% ethanol as a coupling medium worked best in our hands. <b><i> Conclusion: </i></b>The re-evaluation of molecular markers of solid tumours may be necessary from microdissected material.
Heteroepitaxial silicon growth on polycrystalline MoSi2 (1981)

Heteroepitaxial silicon was grown on polycrystalline MoSi2 by electron beam evaporation at 800 °C in an ultrahigh vacuum. The silicon films with a thickness between 2 and 12 μm grew with either an (111) or (233) orientation. The growth and morphology of the silicon deposit was studied as a function of temperature and the partial pressure of oxygen. Depositions at substrate temperatures of 950 and 1100 °C exceeded the epitaxial temperatures producing films that had faceted grains measuring 2–8 μm in cross section along with larger grains measuring nearly 200 μm across. The introduction of 10−10 Torr partial pressure of oxygen during deposition at 1100 °C changed the morphology and eliminated the large grains. The presence of oxygen at 800 °C prevented epitaxial growth.
Multi-Scale Modeling of High Power Density Data Centers (2003)

Data center facilities, which house thousands of servers, storage devices and computing hardware, arranged in 2 meter high racks are providing many thermal challenges. Each rack can dissipate 10–15 kW, and with facilities as large as tens of thousands of square feet, the net power dissipated is typically on the order of several MW. The cost to power these facilities alone can be millions of dollars a year, with the cost to provide adequate cooling not far behind. Significant savings can be realized for the end user by improved design methodology of these high power density data centers. The fundamental need for improved characterization is motivated by inadequacies of simple energy balances to identify local ‘hot spots’ and ultimately provide a reliable modeling framework by which the data centers of the future can be designed. Recent attempts in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling of data centers have been based around a simple rack model, either as a uniform heat generator or specified temperature rise across the rack. This desensitizes the solution to variations of heat load and corresponding flow rate needed to cool the servers throughout the rack. Heat generated at the smaller scales (the chip level) produces changes in the larger length scales of the data center. Accurate simulations of these facilities should attempt to resolve the range of length scales present. In this paper, a multi-scale model where each rack is subdivided into a series of sub-models to better mimic the behavior of individual servers inside the data center is proposed. A Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes CFD model of a 110 m2 (1,200 ft2) representative data center with the raised floor cooling scheme was constructed around this multi-scale rack model. Each of the 28 racks dissipated 4.23 kW, giving the data center a power density of 1076 W/m2 (100 W/ft2) based on total floor space. Parametric studies of varying heat loads within the rack and throughout the data center were performed to better characterize the interactions of the sub-rack scale heat generation and the data center. Major results include 1) the presence of a nonlinear thermal response in the upper portion of each rack due to recirculation effects and 2) significant changes in the surrounding racks (up to 10% increase in maximum temperature) observed in response to changes in rack flow rate (50% decrease).
Activation of 5-HT1A receptors in the medullary raphe reduces cardiovascular changes elicited by acute psychological and inflammatory stresses in rabbits (2005)

The present strategy for the prevention of excessive sympathetic neural traffic to the heart relies on the use of beta-blockers, drugs that act at the heart end of the brain-heart axis. In the present study, we attempted to suppress cardiac sympathetic nerve activity by affecting the relevant cardiomotoneurons in the brain using the selective serotonin-1A (5-HT(1A)) receptor agonist 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT). In conscious, unrestrained rabbits, instrumented for recordings of heart rate, arterial pressure, or cardiac output, we provoked increases in cardiac sympathetic activity by psychological (loud sound, pinprick, and air jet) or inflammatory (0.5 microg/kg iv lipopolysaccharide) stresses. Pinprick and air-jet stresses elicited transient increases in heart rate (+50 +/- 7 and +38 +/- 4 beats/min, respectively) and in mean arterial pressure (+16 +/- 2 and +15 +/- 3 mmHg, respectively). Lipopolysaccharide injection caused sustained increases in heart rate (from 210 +/- 3 to 268 +/- 10 beats/min) and in arterial pressure (from 74 +/- 3 to 92 +/- 4 mmHg). Systemically administered 8-OH-DPAT (0.004-0.1 mg/kg) substantially attenuated these responses in a dose-dependent manner. Drug effects were prevented by a selective 5-HT(1A) receptor antagonist, WAY-100635 (0.1 mg/kg iv). Similarly to systemic administration, microinjection of 8-OH-DPAT (500 nl of 10 mM solution) into the medullary raphe-parapyramidal region caused antitachycardic effects during stressful stimulation and during lipopolysaccharide-elicited tachycardia. This is the first demonstration that activation of 5-HT(1A) receptors in the medullary raphe-parapyramidal area causes suppression of neurally mediated cardiovascular changes during acute psychological and immune stresses.
Production of Multimodal Embolisation Particles – Challenges and Possibilities (2013)

To enable the full benefits of embolisation therapy, it would be highly advantageous to have particles which are observable in medical imaging systems such as X-ray or MRI. Bartling et al. [1] already described embolisation particles visible in both imaging systems. Thus, procedure monitoring and follow-up control can be improved considerably. To make this benefit available, the production of multimodal particles has to be cost and time efficient. Today, different production processes are used together with their specific assets and drawbacks. Here, we compare different ways to produce multimodal particles and discuss innovative systems which may allow a time saving production.
Prevalence of Fabry Disease in Female Patients With Late-Onset Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (2004)

FD may account for up to 12% of females with late-onset HCM. Those heterozygous for FD with left ventricular hypertrophy are potential candidates for enzyme enhancement/replacement therapy.
Experimental Study on Subcooled Flow Boiling in Horizontal Microtubes and Effect of Heated Length (2016)

In this study, subcooled flow boiling was investigated in horizontal microtubes. Experiments were conducted using deionized water as the working fluid over a mass flux range of 4000–7000 kg m−2s−1 in microtubes with inner and outer diameters of ∼600 and ∼900 μm, respectively. Microtubes with lengths of 3, 6, and 12 cm were tested to clarify the effect of heated length on flow boiling heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics. A force analysis related to two-phase flow was conducted to understand the effect of forces on bubble dynamics. Pressure drop and heat transfer data in flow boiling were acquired. Experimental heat flux data were compared with partial boiling heat flux correlations, and good agreements were obtained. Pressure drop was larger in longer microtubes in comparison to shorter ones, while higher heat fluxes were obtained in shorter microtubes at the same wall superheat. Two-phase heat transfer coefficient increased with the microtube length due to lower temperature difference between wall temperature and bulk fluid temperature in longer microtubes. Higher heat fluxes achieved in shorter microtubes at the same wall superheat imply higher critical heat fluxes in shorter microtubes.
Regio- and stereoselective synthesis of tetrasubstituted (E)-(2-chloro-2-fluoro-1-iodovinyl)dimethylphenylsilane and its desilylative sonogashira coupling (2022)

Trihalo-substituted vinylsilane was readily synthesized in 77% yield and in an excellent regio- and stereoselective manner from <i>in situ</i>-generated fluorosilylacetylene, followed by the addition of I<sub>2</sub> and NCS. The silane was committed to sequential Sonogashira coupling with various terminal acetylenes under mild conditions, affording desilylated chlorofluoro-enyne adducts in moderate to good yields.
Genetic Determinants of Statin-Induced Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Reduction (2012)

Inherited polymorphisms that predominantly relate to statin pharmacokinetics and endocytosis of LDL particles by the LDL receptor are common in the general population and influence individual patient response to statin therapy.