gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A More Efficient PFC Single-Coupled-Inductor Multiple-Output Electrolytic Capacitor-Less LED Driver With Energy-Flow-Path Optimization (2018)

In order to match the long life span of light emitting diodes (LEDs), electrolytic capacitor-less off-line LED drivers have been intensely developed. However, the relatively low power efficiency is a common issue for many electrolytic capacitor-less designs. In this paper, a more efficient single-coupled-inductor multiple-output (SIMO) LED driver is proposed. The electrolytic capacitor-less design is targeted for lighting applications with color mixing and color temperature adjustment, where a small capacitance actively balances the power difference between the ac input and multiple dc outputs. Using energy-flow-path optimization, the proposed LED driver has some direct and efficient energy flow paths. In particular, additional energy flow paths are implemented, connecting directly from the small capacitance to multiple dc outputs. Thus, the overall power efficiency is improved. Furthermore, the proposed LED driver is designed with a carrier-based control without the high-precision current sensor for the single-coupled inductor, and thus simpler signal sampling and reduced control complexity can be achieved for independent regulations of multiple dc outputs.
True Synovial Metaplasia of Breast Implant Capsules: A Light and Electron Microscopic Study (1995)

The formation of true synovial-lined membranes at tissue sites not intimately related to an articulation or a tendon sheath has been described in a variety of pathologic and postsurgical conditions, but until recently has not been well recognized to occur in association with tissue surrounding silicone breast implants. Of 15 cases with resected periprosthetic breast capsules, 7 (47%) demonstrated true synovial metaplasia with capsule-implant interfaces lined by typical synovial cells. Histochemical and immunohistochemical staining reactions were essentially identical to those observed in synovial control cases and featured positive reactions to Alcian blue-periodic acid-Schiff, reticulin, and vimentin. Focal positive immunoreactivity was observed with alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 1-antichromotrypsin, lysozyme, and CD68. No immunoreactivity was observed with cytokeratin AE1/AE3, S-100 protein, carcinoembryonic antigen, or basement membrane antigens. Transmission electron microscopy of the lining cells confirmed their true synovial nature with the type A (macrophage-like) cells, type B (fibroblast-like) cells, and intermediate forms or type AB cells identified. We conclude that the cellular lining surrounding silicone breast implants is a true synovial membrane, that synovial metaplasia may occur in nearly one half of all resected periprosthetic capsules, and that awareness of this entity will enable the surgical pathologist to render an accurate histopathologic diagnosis.
Evaluation of Harleco CO2 Apparatus: Comparison with Natelson Microgasometer and "SMA 6/60" Methods for Determining Serum Bicarbonate (CO2) (1973)

Journal Article Evaluation of Harleco CO2 Apparatus: Comparison with Natelson Microgasometer and "SMA 6/60" Methods for Determining Serum Bicarbonate (CO2) Get access Christopher S Frings, Christopher S Frings Medical Laboratory Associates 1025 So. 18th St. Birmingham, Ala. 35205 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Bruce P Neri, Bruce P Neri Medical Laboratory Associates 1025 So. 18th St. Birmingham, Ala. 35205 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Gary Hulsey Gary Hulsey Medical Laboratory Associates 1025 So. 18th St. Birmingham, Ala. 35205 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Clinical Chemistry, Volume 19, Issue 10, 1 October 1973, Page 1227, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/19.10.1227a Published: 01 October 1973
Genomic Plasticity Mediated by Transposable Elements in the Plant Pathogenic Fungus Colletotrichum higginsianum (2019)

Phytopathogen genomes are under constant pressure to change, as pathogens are locked in an evolutionary arms race with their hosts, where pathogens evolve effector genes to manipulate their hosts, whereas the hosts evolve immune components to recognize the products of these genes. Colletotrichum higginsianum (Ch), a fungal pathogen with no known sexual morph, infects Brassicaceae plants including Arabidopsis thaliana. Previous studies revealed that Ch differs in its virulence toward various Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes, indicating the existence of coevolutionary selective pressures. However, between-strain genomic variations in Ch have not been studied. Here, we sequenced and assembled the genome of a Ch strain, resulting in a highly contiguous genome assembly, which was compared with the chromosome-level genome assembly of another strain to identify genomic variations between strains. We found that the two closely related strains vary in terms of large-scale rearrangements, the existence of strain-specific regions, and effector candidate gene sets and that these variations are frequently associated with transposable elements (TEs). Ch has a compartmentalized genome consisting of gene-sparse, TE-dense regions with more effector candidate genes and gene-dense, TE-sparse regions harboring conserved genes. Additionally, analysis of the conservation patterns and syntenic regions of effector candidate genes indicated that the two strains vary in their effector candidate gene sets because of de novo evolution, horizontal gene transfer, or gene loss after divergence. Our results reveal mechanisms for generating genomic diversity in this asexual pathogen, which are important for understanding its adaption to hosts.
Development, Validation and Regulatory Acceptance of Improved Purification and Simplified Quality Control of [13N] Ammonia (2020)

Abstract Background: [ 13 N]Ammonia is a cyclotron produced myocardial perfusion imaging agent. With the development of high-yielding [ 13 N]ammonia cyclotron targets using a solution of 5 mM ethanol in water, there was a need to develop and validate an automated purification and formulation system for [ 13 N]ammonia to be in a physiological compatible formulation of 0.9% sodium chloride since there is no widely available commercial system at this time. Due to its short half-life of 10 minutes, FDA and USP regulations allow [ 13 N]ammonia to be tested in quality control (QC) sub-batches with limited quality control testing performed on the sub-batches for patient use. The current EP and the original USP method for the determination of the radiochemical purity and identity of [ 13 N]ammonia depended on an HPLC method using a conductivity detector and a solvent free of other salts. This HPLC method created issues in a modern cGMP high volume PET manufacturing facility where the HPLC is used with salt containing mobile phase buffers for quality control analysis of other PET radiopharmaceuticals. Flushing of the HPLC system of residual salt buffers which may interfere with the [ 13 N]ammonia assay can take several hours of instrument time. Since there are no mass limits on [ 13 N]ammonia, a simplified TLC assay to determine radiochemical identity and purity could be developed to simplify and streamline QC. Results: We have developed and validated a streamlined automated synthesis for [ 13 N]ammonia which provides the drug product in 8mL of 0.9% sodium chloride for injection. A novel radio-TLC method was developed and validated to demonstrate feasibility to quantitate [ 13 N]ammonia and separate it from all known radiochemical impurities. Conclusions: The process for automated synthesis of [ 13 N]ammonia simplifies and automates the purification and formulation of [ 13 N]ammonia in a cGMP compliant manner needed for high-throughput manufacture of [ 13 N]ammonia. The novel radio-TLC method has simplified [ 13 N]ammonia quality control (QC) and now enables it to be tested using the same QC equipment as [18F]fludeoxyglucose (FDA/USP recognized name for 2-[¹⁸F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose). Both the streamlined automated synthesis of [ 13 N]ammonia and the novel radio-TLC method have been accepted and approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the cGMP manufacture of [ 13 N]ammonia.
Optimization of illumina TruSeq targeted RNA expression (TREx) library quality (2018)

RNA-seq has become an essential tool in molecular research. Nevertheless, application of RNA-seq was limited by cost and technical difficulties. Illumina has introduced the cost effective and ease to handle Truseq Targeted RNA Sequencing. In this study, we present the requirements and the optimization procedure for this Truseq Targeted RNA sequencing on cell line. Total RNA was recommended as starting materials but it required optimization including additional purification step and adjusting the AMPure beads ratio to eliminate unwanted contaminants. This can be resolved by using PolyA-enriched mRNA as starting material. TREx is a useful assay to evaluate gene expression. Quality library of TREx can be prepared by adding multiple washing steps or changing input sample to mRNA.
Locating Scattering Centers Using Compressive PSD Estimation (2019)

This paper concerns stepped frequency radar with the focus on using multi-coset sampling thus reducing the number of frequencies needed to get the target impulse response, and then estimating the location of scattering centers. This processes is accomplished using compressive power spectrum estimation techniques. The extracted scattering centers can then be used for target identification. Scattering centers are extracted from both synthetic and real backscatter of commercial aircraft.
Supplementary Tables 1-3 from High-Throughput Characterization of 10 New Minor Histocompatibility Antigens by Whole Genome Association Scanning (2023)

Supplementary Tables 1-3 from High-Throughput Characterization of 10 New Minor Histocompatibility Antigens by Whole Genome Association Scanning
Skl, a novel choline‐binding N‐acetylmuramoyl‐l‐alanine amidase of Streptococcus mitis SK137 containing a CHAP domain (2006)

The skl gene from Streptococcus mitis SK137 encodes a peptidoglycan hydrolase (Skl) that has been purified and biochemically characterized. Analysis of the degradation products obtained by digestion of pneumococcal cell walls with Skl revealed that this enzyme is an N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase (EC 3.5.1.28), showing optimum activity at 30 degrees C and at a pH of 6.5. Skl is a unique member of the choline-binding family of proteins since it contains a cysteine, histidine-dependent amidohydrolases/peptidases (CHAP) domain. The CHAP domain of Skl showed homology to lysins of unknown especificity from a variety of streptococcal prophages. Skl represents the first characterized member of a new subfamily of CHAP-containing choline-binding proteins.
Electrical Modification of ZnO Nanodevices by a Pulsed-Laser Deposited Al2O3 Film (2008)

Modification of the electrical properties of individual single-crystalline ZnO nanowire devices by a pulsed-laser deposition of a thin insulating Al2O3 layer is reported. Through the reduction of O2− ion concentration on the nanowire surface by the Al2O3 layer, the electron concentration in the nanowire is increased and, as a result, the current of the nanodevice enhanced. The degree to which the conductivity of the device increased is related to the ratio of Zn to O in the nanowire, and the ratio in turn is related to the growth temperature of the ZnO nanowires. The percentage change in electrical behavior of the nanodevice fabricated from ZnO nanowires grown in a lower temperature zone with a greater Zn to O ratio was less.
Characteristics of Non-Equilibrium Turbulence in Couette Flow under Compressible Conditions (2022)

View Video Presentation: https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-4035.vid Non-equilibrium turbulence corresponds to the situation where the small scales of motion, which are responsible for the dissipation of turbulent kinetic energy, do not get enough time to equilibrate, or the turbulence does not exhibit the classical energy transfer process and the equilibrium cascade. It has been characterized in past studies for low-speed flows in terms of descriptors, and spectral and physical characteristics. The present study extends the quantitative description of the behavior of such flows to compressible wall-bounded turbulent flows. We examine the behavior of two well-established descriptors of the equilibrium state of turbulence, namely the dissipation coefficient, and the skewness of the velocity derivative through the use of direct numerical simulation datasets corresponding to two canonical test cases. First, the effectiveness of these descriptors is demonstrated by simulating the laminar-to-turbulent transition observed in the Taylor-Green vortex flow at two different Reynolds numbers of 800 and 1600. This flow exhibits the presence of weakly non-equilibrium turbulence. Afterward, wall-bounded turbulent Couette flow is simulated at three convective Mach numbers of 0.1, 1.5, and 3.0 corresponding to frictional Reynolds numbers of about 244, 162, and 112, respectively to examine the effects of compressible flow conditions on the behavior of these descriptors. This flow showed a highly non-equilibrium behavior in the near-wall region, which also showed sensitivity to the convective Mach number.
Low mode dependent gain few-mode EDFA with fiber based mode scrambler (2019)

We propose the mode dependent gain (MDG) reduction technique in few mode fiber amplifier using trench assisted GI fiber type long period grating. 1.8dB MDG reduction and wideband mode scrambling over 100nm are experimentally obtained.
Fragmentation in dissociative ionization of ethanol molecules with shaped intense ultrafast laser pulses (2004)

This study shows the construction of a highly accurate pulse shaping system to adaptively optimize the pulse shape while measuring the fragmentation processes and to systematically change a number of selected parameters of optical pulses in order to examine the dependences of fragmentation processes on those parameters. The pulse shaping system has been applied to dissociative ionization experiments of ethanol molecules.
A Practical and Energy-efficient System to Discover Wi-Fi Hotspots Using Cellular Signals (2014)

In mobile devices, to discover Wi-Fi hotspots accurately while Wi-Fi is turned off is an important but a difficult problem to solve.Solutions to this problem have many practical applications (e.g., energy-efficient Wi-Fi offloading).We present PRiSM, a practical system to solve this problem, using the detailed statistical properties of cellular signals alone.Cellular signals are received at no extra cost in mobile devices and hence PRiSM is highly energy efficient.PRiSM is a lightweight client-side only implementation and needs no prior knowledge on site plans or RF infrastructure.It is very robust and in general can be used for any location determination systems.We implement PRiSM on Android phones and perform extensive evaluation using both trace-based simulation and practical observation.PRiSM demonstrates average prediction accuracy of up to 98% and average energy savings of up to 16.5% of the total battery capacity which is very significant.The energy savings are equivalent to extending the battery lifetime by up to 6.6 hrs in typical usage scenarios.
Shape selective catalysts for F-T chemistry. Interim report : January 2001 - December 2002. (2003)

Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) is carrying out a research program to create, prepare, and evaluate catalysts to promote Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) chemistry, specifically the reaction of hydrogen with carbon monoxide to form long-chain hydrocarbons. In addition to F-T catalysts needing high activity, it is desirable that they have high selectivity and stability with respect to both mechanical strength and aging properties. In this project, selectivity is directed toward the production of diesel fraction components and avoiding excess yields of both light hydrocarbons and heavy waxes. Shape-selective catalysts have the potential to both limit the formation of long-chain products and yet retain the active metal sites in a protected ''cage.'' This cage also restricts their loss by attrition during use in slurry-bed reactors. Experimentation has included evaluation of samples of (1) iron-based F-T catalysts prepared at Argonne National Laboratory, (2) iron-based F-T catalysts prepared by B.H. Davis of the Center of Applied Energy Research (CAER), (3) the Davis catalyst that were sized by differential gravity separation, and (4) the Davis catalyst onto which inorganic or catalytic ''shells'' were deposited. The ANL-prepared samples had a wide range of particle size and were irregular in shape. A sizeable portion of the samples provided by Davis were spherical, because they had been prepared by spray-drying. To compare the catalytic activities of the samples, we used a micro-scale fixed-bed reactor system for F-T runs of low conversion to avoid thermal and mass transfer effects. In summary, the highest activity was that of the original Davis catalyst; additional research must be carried out to generate more permeable surface cages. A number of approaches that have been published for other applications will be tested.
Energy efficiency comparison of nanowire heterojunction TFET and Si MOSFET at L<inf>g</inf>&#x003D;13nm, including P-TFET and variation considerations (2013)

Reducing supply voltage (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dd</sub> ) while keeping leakage current low is critical for minimizing energy consumption and improving mobile device battery life. The thermal limit of MOSFET subthreshold slope (SS) restricts lowering threshold voltage (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> ), causing significant performance degradation at low V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dd</sub> . A Tunneling Field Effect Transistor (TFET) is not limited by this thermal tail and may perform better at low V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dd</sub> [1,2]. In this paper, a leading N-TFET option - GaSb/InAs heterojunction - is atomistically modeled [3,4] and circuit simulation models are developed to predict 64% average energy savings against Si CMOS at Lg=13nm for a nanowire. Energy savings diminish to 21% without a good P-TFET option. Both MOSFET and TFET device variations are dominated by work-function variation, and TFET energy savings are slightly reduced when variations are considered.
Generative Latent Implicit Conditional Optimization when Learning from\n Small Sample (2020)

We revisit the long-standing problem of learning from a small sample, to\nwhich end we propose a novel method called GLICO (Generative Latent Implicit\nConditional Optimization). GLICO learns a mapping from the training examples to\na latent space and a generator that generates images from vectors in the latent\nspace. Unlike most recent works, which rely on access to large amounts of\nunlabeled data, GLICO does not require access to any additional data other than\nthe small set of labeled points. In fact, GLICO learns to synthesize completely\nnew samples for every class using as little as 5 or 10 examples per class, with\nas few as 10 such classes without imposing any prior. GLICO is then used to\naugment the small training set while training a classifier on the small sample.\nTo this end, our proposed method samples the learned latent space using\nspherical interpolation, and generates new examples using the trained\ngenerator. Empirical results show that the new sampled set is diverse enough,\nleading to improvement in image classification in comparison with the state of\nthe art, when trained on small samples obtained from CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, and\nCUB-200.\n
The Challenges of Universal Broadband Connectivity [Mobile Radio] (2022)

As the global pandemic appears on the verge of giving the world some respite, it is time to look back and assess some of the key lessons learned from it. Among them, as this column has been extensively reporting in past issues, is the fact that fixed and mobile broadband connectivity has alleviated the dire consequences faced by large swaths of the world population who suddenly found themselves in a strict lockdown. We are on a path that admits no looking back: our economies have become largely dependent not only on businesses having access to online resources, such as the cloud and edge platforms introduced as part of the 5G ecosystem, but also on consumers having fast, reliable connectivity, whether fixed or mobile. In this issue, among other topics, we report on the effort by the United Nations (UN) to target universal connectivity with adequately high quality by 2030, a goal that could, however, be hindered by the rising costs of broadband Internet access and by disparities in coverage and readiness across the world.
Plane-Wave Coupling to a Twisted-Wire Pair Above Ground (2010)

A transmission-line model is developed for predicting the response of a twisted-wire pair (TWP) circuit in the presence of a ground plane, illuminated by a plane-wave electromagnetic field. The twisted pair is modeled as an ideal bifilar helix, the total coupling is separated into differential- (DM) and common-mode (CM) contributions, and closed-form expressions are derived for the equivalent induced sources. Approximate upper bounds to the terminal response of electrically long lines are obtained, and a simplified low-frequency circuit model is used to explain the mechanism of field-to-wire coupling in a TWP above ground, as well as the role of load balancing on the DM and CM electromagnetic noise induced in the terminal loads.