gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structural packing proven superior for TEG gas driving (1992)

Animals inhabiting temperate and high latitudes undergo drastic seasonal changes in energy storage, facilitated by changes in food intake and body mass. Those seasonal changes in the animal's biology are not mere consequences of environmental energy availability but are anticipatory responses to the energetic requirements of the upcoming season and are actively timed by tracking the annual progression in photoperiod. In this review, we discuss how photoperiod is used to control energy balance seasonally and how this is distinct from energy homeostasis. Most notably, we suggest that photoperiodic control of food intake and body mass does not originate from the arcuate nucleus, as for homeostatic appetite control, but is rather to be found in hypothalamic tanycytes. Tanycytes are specialized ependymal cells lining the third ventricle, which can sense metabolites from the cerebrospinal fluid (e.g. glucose) and can control access of circulating signals to the brain. They are also essential in conveying time-of-year information by integrating photoperiod and altering hypothalamic thyroid metabolism, a feature that is conserved in seasonal vertebrates and connects to seasonal breeding and metabolism. We also discuss how homeostatic feedback signals are handled during times of rapid energetic transitions. Studies on leptin in seasonal mammals suggest a seasonal shift in central sensitivity and blood-brain transport, which might be facilitated by tanycytes. This article is part of the Special Issue on "Food intake and feeding states".
Modeling and Validation of Heliostat Deformation due to Static Loading (2011)

Accurate and reliable models are necessary to predict the performance and efficiencies of concentrating solar power plant components and systems such as heliostats and central receiver systems. Heliostat performance is impacted from effects such as wind and gravity, and understanding the impact of these loads on the optical performance can yield heliostat designs that are potentially cheaper, while maintaining required structural stability. Finite element models of heliostats at the National Solar Thermal Test Facility (NSTTF) at Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque, NM, were developed to simulate displacements under different loading scenarios. Solidworks was used to develop the three-dimensional model of the NSTTF heliostat, and Solidworks Simulation was used to perform the finite element analysis with simulated loads along different points of the heliostat. Static displacement tests were performed on the NSTTF heliostat in order to validate these FEA models. The static test results provide us with a data set in which to properly calibrate the FEA model to better represent the NSTTF heliostat for future simulations of optical performance with impacts of wind and gravity sag. In addition to a single model validation, this real world test provides a method to validate and understand the structural stability of a heliostat under static loads.
LOX-1 deletion alters signals of myocardial remodeling immediately after ischemia–reperfusion (2007)

Chronic ischemia is associated with alterations in genes that result in myocardial remodeling. An important biochemical basis of cardiac remodeling is generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). A few studies have suggested that acute ischemia triggers signals for remodeling. We examined the hypothesis that targeted deletion of lectin-like oxidized-LDL receptor (LOX-1) may inhibit signals related to cardiac remodeling.We generated LOX-1 knockout (KO) mice on C57BL/6 (wild-type mice) background, and subjected wild-type and KO mice to ischemia-reperfusion (I-R). The wild-type mice developed a marked reduction in left ventricular systolic pressure and +/-dp/dt(max) and an increase in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure following I-R, and this change was much less in the LOX-1 KO mice, indicating preservation of left ventricular function with LOX-1 deletion. There was evidence for marked oxidative stress (NADPH oxidase expression, malondialdehyde and 8-isoprostane) following I-R in the wild-type mice, much less so in the LOX-1 KO mice (P<0.01). In concert, collagen deposition (Masson's trichrome and Picro-sirius red staining) increased dramatically in the wild-type mice, but only half as much in the LOX-1 KO mice (P<0.01). Collagen staining data was corroborated with procollagen-I expression. Further, fibronectin and osteopontin expression increased in the wild-type mice, but to a much smaller extent in the LOX-1 KO mice (P<0.01).These findings provide compelling evidence that LOX-1 is a key modulator of cardiac remodeling which starts immediately following I-R.
Effects of receiver filtering on hot clutter mitigation (2003)

A typical jammer signal model is that of a jammer transmitting broad band white noise. This signal is then filtered (analog and digitally) prior to entering the adaptive processor. Among other effects, this band limits the signal and affects the correlation function of the jammer waveform as seen by the adaptive architecture. We illustrate some of the effects of varying receiver filters on the mitigation of terrain-scattered interference (otherwise known as hot clutter). We examine five different correlation functions, two of which are band limited, and three of which are limited in time. The results demonstrate that if the correlation function of this waveform has a finite time extent, then the ability to mitigate hot clutter is significantly reduced. This demonstrates that scatterers of long relative time delay (resulting in a small amount of correlation) still contribute significantly to hot clutter cancellation. This result may, for example, impact the choice of pulse compression used in a radar system, since pulse compression prior to adaptive processing will impact the resulting correlation function.
Assessing Data Quality: From Concordance, through Correctness and Completeness, to Valid Manipulatable Representations (2000)

The papers by Stein et al.1 and Aronsky and Haug2 address the quality of the data found in clinical record systems. Stein et al. approach the problem as one of internal consistency. Their paper explores concordance within record systems, exploring the extent to which evidence found in one part of a clinical database is consistent with evidence found in another part. Specifically, they examine agreement between entries in a free-text narrative field with data found in coded fields. Aronsky and Haug examine concordance across two different clinical record systems—the HELP computerized clinical record system and a reference standard consisting of the sum of all information available in the paper chart and the computerized clinical record. Aronsky and Haug complement their appraisal of concordance with an outcome evaluation, determining the level of agreement in clinical severity indexes resulting from the information contained in the different record systems.

Stein et al. use the measure of internal concordance to alert users of a computerized record system to the fact that they may get misleading answers unless they query each field that might contain a piece of information and resolve any discrepancies. Aronsky and Haug argue the need for equivalence in recommendations based on the clinical record, regardless of which form …
Protease-Resistant Prions Selectively Decrease Shadoo Protein (2011)

The central event in prion diseases is the conformational conversion of the cellular prion protein (PrP(C)) into PrP(Sc), a partially protease-resistant and infectious conformer. However, the mechanism by which PrP(Sc) causes neuronal dysfunction remains poorly understood. Levels of Shadoo (Sho), a protein that resembles the flexibly disordered N-terminal domain of PrP(C), were found to be reduced in the brains of mice infected with the RML strain of prions [1], implying that Sho levels may reflect the presence of PrP(Sc) in the brain. To test this hypothesis, we examined levels of Sho during prion infection using a variety of experimental systems. Sho protein levels were decreased in the brains of mice, hamsters, voles, and sheep infected with different natural and experimental prion strains. Furthermore, Sho levels were decreased in the brains of prion-infected, transgenic mice overexpressing Sho and in infected neuroblastoma cells. Time-course experiments revealed that Sho levels were inversely proportional to levels of protease-resistant PrP(Sc). Membrane anchoring and the N-terminal domain of PrP both influenced the inverse relationship between Sho and PrP(Sc). Although increased Sho levels had no discernible effect on prion replication in mice, we conclude that Sho is the first non-PrP marker specific for prion disease. Additional studies using this paradigm may provide insight into the cellular pathways and systems subverted by PrP(Sc) during prion disease.
Durability Analysis of Pickup Trucks Using Non-Linear FEA (1996)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;One of the difficulties in predicting the structural behavior of vehicles such as the full size pickup trucks is the non-linearities involved during the course of the durability events. The current practice in durability and fatigue life prediction of vehicles is to conduct fatigue analysis on the structure using the measured road loads and estimate the fatigue incurred using the in-house and commercially available programs.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In this paper the authors attempt to seek a different solution to the durability problem by conducting an upfront non-linear analysis. The results are then compared with the prediction by the fatigue life program in addition to the durability test results obtained on the early prototypes.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;To conduct the non-linear analysis ABAQUS FEA program is chosen for this investigation and for the linear analysis MSC/NASTRAN is utilized. Subsequently in-house fatigue program is used to predict the fatigue incurred. It has been observed that the non-linear analysis of full size pickup trucks can show the levels of plastic strains and the post yield behavior of the potential areas that are susceptible to fatigue. This procedure can be used in conjunction with the existing fatigue analysis as a predictive tool to support the design before the prototypes are built.&lt;/div&gt;
Decentralized channel assignment and power allocation in a full-duplex Cognitive radio network (2016)

With the recent advances in radio modules capable of carrying out full duplex (FD) communication, the spectrum efficiency promised by the concept of Cognitive radio (CR) can be stretched even further by incorporating full duplex transceivers in CRs. This incorporation brings about certain challenges in the resource allocation. In this work we try to address some of the challenges in joint channel and power allocation. We proposed a decentralized scheme which is capable of selecting which channels to be used as half duplex and which to be used as FD between a pair of CRs. Then we decomposed the problem into two sub-problems one dealing with channel assignment and the other dealing with power allocation. In the power allocation we did not assume the signal to interference plus noise ratio to be high like most work in the literature. The monotonic optimization framework was used to solve the power allocation problem. Then the channel assignment problem was approximated by a linear objective function and was solved as a linear integer program.
Two Approaches in System Modeling and Their Illustrations with MDA and RM-ODP (2003)

We explain two approaches to the design of system modeling frameworks and perform their comparative analysis. The analysis familiarizes the reader with strengths and weaknesses of the approaches, and thus helps to grasp the preferences for their practical applications. The first of the approaches is illustrated with the example of Model Driven Architecture (MDA), and the second with the example of Reference Model of Open Distributed Processing (RM-ODP).
Incomplete Hippocampal Inversion: A Comprehensive MRI Study of Over 2000 Subjects (2015)

The incomplete-hippocampal-inversion (IHI), also known as malrotation, is an atypical anatomical pattern of the hippocampus, which has been reported in healthy subjects in different studies. However, extensive characterization of IHI in a large sample has not yet been performed. Furthermore, it is unclear whether IHI are restricted to the medial-temporal lobe or are associated with more extensive anatomical changes. Here, we studied the characteristics of IHI in a community-based sample of 2008 subjects of the IMAGEN database and their association with extra-hippocampal anatomical variations. The presence of IHI was assessed on T1-weighted anatomical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using visual criteria. We assessed the association of IHI with other anatomical changes throughout the brain using automatic morphometry of cortical sulci. We found that IHI were much more frequent in the left hippocampus (left: 17%, right: 6%, χ(2)-test, p < 10(-28)). Compared to subjects without IHI, subjects with IHI displayed morphological changes in several sulci located mainly in the limbic lobe. Our results demonstrate that IHI are a common left-sided phenomenon in normal subjects and that they are associated with morphological changes outside the medial temporal lobe.
CapPlan - A Network Capacity Planning Tool for LambdaGrids (2006)

LambdaGrids facilitate data-intensive distributed computing with high and sustainable bandwidth, which is provided by costly lightpaths. As a result of these expensive lightpaths, it is imperative that overprovisioning be avoided, but not at the expense of performance, as LambdaGrid users are entitled to consistent access. In this paper, we propose CapPlan (Capacity Planner), a network capacity calculator, which can plan a LambdaGrid configuration in order to quickly achieve a good balance between performance expectations and network-resource costs. The scalability of CapPlan combined with its low overhead will prove to be a significant asset for grid developers and architects.
Systematic Analysis of Enzyme-Catalyzed Reaction Patterns and Prediction of Microbial Biodegradation Pathways (2007)

The roles of chemical compounds in biological systems are now systematically analyzed by high-throughput experimental technologies. To automate the processing and interpretation of large-scale data it is necessary to develop bioinformatics methods to extract information from the chemical structures of these small molecules by considering the interactions and reactions involving proteins and other biological macromolecules. Here we focus on metabolic compounds and present a knowledge-based approach for understanding reactivity and metabolic fate in enzyme-catalyzed reactions in a given organism or group. We first constructed the KEGG RPAIR database containing chemical structure alignments and structure transformation patterns, called RDM patterns, for 7091 reactant pairs (substrate-product pairs) in 5734 known enzyme-catalyzed reactions. A total of 2205 RDM patterns were then categorized based on the KEGG PATHWAY database. The majority of RDM patterns were uniquely or preferentially found in specific classes of pathways, although some RDM patterns, such as those involving phosphorylation, were ubiquitous. The xenobiotics biodegradation pathways contained the most distinct RDM patterns, and we developed a scheme for predicting bacterial biodegradation pathways given chemical structures of, for example, environmental compounds.
Peculiarities of optical limiting effect in π-conjugated organic systems based on 2-cyclooctylamino-5-nitropyridine doped with C70 (2001)

The optical limiting effect in 2-cyclooctylamino-5-nitropyridine (COANP) doped with fullerenes has been investigated. The absorption saturation was found to begin at the incident energy density of 4 J cm-2. Optical limiting mechanisms have been specified in the fullerene-doped COANP compounds. The laser-induced refractive index and its influence on the optical limiting effect over the visible spectral range under nanosecond pulsed laser irradiation have been studied. Using the dynamic holographic technique, nonlinear coefficients n2 and χ(3) in C70-doped COANP have been first determined.
On-Orbit Absolute Radiance Standard for Future IR Remote Sensing Instruments – Overview of Recent Technology Advancements (2011)

A summary of the development and recent advancements of the On-Orbit Absolute Radiance Standard at the University of Wisconsin Space Science and Engineering Center. This work is funded under the NASA Instrument Incubator Program.
Geometrically defined environments direct cell division rate and subcellular YAP localization in single mouse embryonic stem cells (2021)

Abstract Mechanotransduction via yes-associated protein (YAP) is a central mechanism for decision-making in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). Nuclear localization of YAP is tightly connected to pluripotency and increases the cell division rate (CDR). How the geometry of the extracellular environment influences mechanotransduction, thereby YAP localization, and decision-making of single isolated mESCs is largely unknown. To investigate this relation, we produced well-defined 2D and 2.5D microenvironments and monitored CDR and subcellular YAP localization in single mESCs hence excluding cell–cell interactions. By systematically varying size and shape of the 2D and 2.5D substrates we observed that the geometry of the growth environment affects the CDR. Whereas CDR increases with increasing adhesive area in 2D, CDR is highest in small 2.5D micro-wells. Here, mESCs attach to all four walls and exhibit a cross-shaped cell and nuclear morphology. This observation indicates that changes in cell shape are linked to a high CDR. Inhibition of actomyosin activity abrogate these effects. Correspondingly, nuclear YAP localization decreases in inhibitor treated cells, suggesting a relation between cell shape, intracellular forces, and cell division rate. The simplicity of our system guarantees high standardization and reproducibility for monitoring stem cell reactions and allows addressing a variety of fundamental biological questions on a single cell level.
Self-Aware Networks That Optimize Security, QoS, and Energy (2020)

The need to adaptively manage computer systems and networks so as to offer good Quality of Service (QoS) and Quality of Experience (QoE) with secure operation at relatively low levels of energy consumption is challenged by their sheer complexity and the wide variability of the workloads. A possible way forward is through self-awareness, whereby self-measurement and self-observation, together with on-line control mechanisms, operate adaptively to attain the required performance and QoE. We survey the premises for these ideas arising from cognitive science and active networks and review recent work on self-aware computer systems and networks, including those that propose the use of software-defined networks as a means to implement these concepts. Then we provide some examples from the literature on self-aware systems to illustrate the performance gains that they can provide. Finally, we detail an example system and its working algorithms to allow the reader to understand how such a system may be implemented. Measurements showing how it can react rapidly to changing network conditions regarding QoS and security are presented. Some conclusions and suggestions for further work are listed.
The effect of perceptual grouping on perisaccadic spatial distortions (2012)

Perisaccadic spatial distortion (PSD) occurs when a target is flashed immediately before the onset of a saccade and it appears displaced in the direction of the saccade. In previous studies, the magnitude of PSD of a single target was affected by multiple experimental parameters, such as the target's luminance and its position relative to the central fixation target. Here we describe a contextual effect in which the magnitude of the PSD for a target was influenced by the synchronous presentation of another target: PSD for simultaneously presented targets was more uniform than when each was presented individually. Perisaccadic compression was ruled out as a causal factor, and the results suggest that both low- and high-level perceptual grouping mechanisms may account for the change in PSD magnitude. We speculate that perceptual grouping could play a key role in preserving shape constancy during saccadic eye movements.
Altered Regulation of Potassium and Calcium Channels by GABABand Adenosine Receptors in Hippocampal Neurons From Mice Lacking Gαo (2000)

To examine the role of G(o) in modulation of ion channels by neurotransmitter receptors, we characterized modulation of ionic currents in hippocampal CA3 neurons from mice lacking both isoforms of Galpha(o). In CA3 neurons from Galpha(o)(-/-) mice, 2-chloro-adenosine and the GABA(B)-receptor agonist baclofen activated inwardly rectifying K(+) currents and inhibited voltage-dependent Ca(2+) currents just as effectively as in Galpha(o)(+/+) littermates. However, the kinetics of transmitter action were dramatically altered in Galpha(o)(-/-) mice in that recovery on washout of agonist was much slower. For example, recovery from 2-chloro-adenosine inhibition of calcium current was more than fourfold slower in neurons from Galpha(o)(-/-) mice [time constant of 12.0 +/- 0.8 (SE) s] than in neurons from Galpha(o)(+/+) mice (time constant of 2.6 +/- 0.2 s). Recovery from baclofen effects was affected similarly. In neurons from control mice, effects of both baclofen and 2-chloro-adenosine on Ca(2+) currents and K(+) currents were abolished by brief exposure to external N-ethyl-maleimide (NEM). In neurons lacking Galpha(o), some inhibition of Ca(2+) currents by baclofen remained after NEM treatment, whereas baclofen activation of K(+) currents and both effects of 2-chloro-adenosine were abolished. These results show that modulation of Ca(2+) and K(+) currents by G protein-coupled receptors in hippocampal neurons does not have an absolute requirement for Galpha(o). However, modulation is changed in the absence of Galpha(o) in having much slower recovery kinetics. A likely possibility is that the very abundant Galpha(o) is normally used but, when absent, can readily be replaced by G proteins with different properties.
PD-L1 expression correlates with immune response in a Phase I trial of CCL21 gene modified dendritic cell therapy in lung cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts Anti-tumor immune response in lung cancer patients may be evoked by intra-tumoral (IT) administration of autologous dendritic cells (DC), transduced with a replication-deficient adenoviral (Ad) vector to express the secondary lymphoid chemokine (SLC/CCL21) gene. Here, we evaluated
Color Preference of Harlequin Bug (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) (2017)

Harlequin bug, Murgantia histrionica (Hahn), is an important pest of Brassica crops in the southern United States. Regional populations are highly variable and unpredictable from farm-to-farm, and therefore accurate monitoring of activity would greatly improve IPM decision-making and the timing of control tactics. To our knowledge, there is no monitoring device or proven trapping system for this pest. We contribute new knowledge of harlequin bug visual ecology, which will aid in the development of an effective trap. In both lab and field color choice experiments, harlequin bug adults and large nymphs responded positively to green and black colors, and statistically less frequently to yellow, white, purple, or red with the exception of adult females, which were most attracted to red and green in the lab, but green and black in the field. We conclude that future trapping devices for harlequin bug should be green or black in color.