gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibiting Autophagy (2013)

The common clear cell subtype of renal cell carcinoma is associated with hereditary or acquired loss of function of the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor, a key component in oxygen sensing, perpetuating a stressed state. Autophagy is primarily a highly conserved, catabolic process by which stressed cells shuttle damaged or effete organelles and proteins into autophagosomes for sequestration and digestion after fusion with lysosomes. Autophagy is directed by autophagy-related genes and is divided into 4 discrete steps: initiation, nucleation, maturation, and degradation. During early tumorigenesis, apoptosis is enhanced and autophagy is suppressed, allowing accumulation of mutations and emergence of genomic instability. Late, an "autophagic switch" occurs, promoting survival and limiting apoptosis. Compounds such as chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine that prevent acidification of the lysosomal compartment are the sole clinically available inhibitors of autophagy. Currently, there are more than 30 trials examining combinations of hydroxychloroquine with anticancer agents. The intricate effects of autophagy on the immune response complicate manipulation of autophagy as part of the antitumor strategy. Further understanding of basic mechanisms of renal cell carcinoma pathogenesis and of autophagy will enable development of the next generation of pharmacologic modulators of autophagy.
Reaction of C60 with Benzocyclobutenol: Expeditious Route to Fullerene Adducts (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction of C60 with Benzocyclobutenol: Expeditious Route to Fullerene AdductsXiaojun Zhang and Christopher S. FooteCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 18, 5235–5238Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00097a026RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views247Altmetric-Citations65LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (513 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Shape-Memory Alloy Tactical Feedback Actuator. Phase 1 (1990)

Abstract : This document describes the hardware developed to realize a shape memory alloy (SMA) tactile stimulator. A 5x6 30 element array has been developed to provide tactile stimulation to the human operator of a remotely controlled robotic system. The work verifies that a tactile stimulator can be packaged in finger-pad size arrays and that computer control is feasible. Actuation profiles and design techniques are discussed.
Neuropathologic Characterization of Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia Type 6 Associated With Cardiomyopathy and Hydrops Fetalis and Severe Multisystem Respiratory Chain Deficiency due to NovelRARS2Mutations (2015)

Autosomal recessive mutations in the RARS2 gene encoding the mitochondrial arginyl-transfer RNA synthetase cause infantile-onset myoencephalopathy pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 6 (PCH6). We describe 2 sisters with novel compound heterozygous RARS2 mutations who presented perinatally with neurologic features typical of PCH6 but with additional features including cardiomyopathy, hydrops, and pulmonary hypoplasia and who died at 1 day and 14 days of age. Magnetic resonance imaging findings included marked cerebellar hypoplasia, gyral immaturity, punctate lesions in cerebral white matter, and unfused deep cerebral grey matter. Enzyme histochemistry of postmortem tissues revealed a near-global cytochrome c oxidase-deficiency; assessment of respiratory chain enzyme activities confirmed severe deficiencies involving complexes I, III, and IV. Molecular genetic studies revealed 2 RARS2 gene mutations: a c.1A>G, p.? variant predicted to abolish the initiator methionine, and a deep intronic c.613-3927C>T variant causing skipping of exons 6-8 in the mature RARS2 transcript. Neuropathologic investigation included low brain weights, small brainstem and cerebellum, deep cerebral white matter pathology, pontine nucleus neuron loss (in 1 sibling), and peripheral nerve pathology. Mitochondrial respiratory chain immunohistochemistry in brain tissues confirmed an absence of complexes I and IV immunoreactivity with sparing of mitochondrial numbers. These cases expand the clinical spectrum of RARS2 mutations, including antenatal features and widespread mitochondrial respiratory chain deficiencies in postmortem brain tissues.
Adjuvant trastuzumab in the treatment of small HER2-positive tumors: A single institution experience. (2014)

e11514 Background: According to St.Gallen Criteria, a high risk node-negative patients will be defined as a patients with negative lymph node involvement and at least one of following factors:tumor size > 2 cm, HR negative, histological and/or nuclear grade 2-3 or age < 35 years.However some patients with HER2 positive cancers develop a recurrence despite small tumor size (< 2 cm) and none of these factors. Six phase III multi-centre trials confirmed the potential benefit of incorporating trastuzumab in adjuvant regimens as a standard treatment. The effectiveness of adjuvant trastuzumab has been demonstrated either for node negative pT1c patients and for diseases at a higher risk. These trial were not able to provide any information regarding the outcome of patients with node negative tumours <1cm. Methods: From Jannuary 2005 to November 2013 in our istitution 101 patients with small Her2 positive and negative nodes breast cancers underwent surgery. 83/101(82,2%) patients had quadrantectomy and local radiotherapy, 18/101( 17,8 %) patients had radical mastectomy. Median age at diagnosis was 50,3 years (range 27- 76). All patients were staged as pT1 N0 M0 : 9/101(8,9 %) patients are pT1a N0, 21/101 (20,8 %) patients pT1b pN0 and 72/101 (71,2 %) patients pT1c pN0. 96/101 (95 %) patients were treated with adjuvant anthracyclines regimens for 4 or 6 cycles followed by one year of trastuzumab ( 52 weeks).70/101 patients follow-up was at least 1 year, median follow up was 46 months ( range 13 months – 108 months). The Left Ejection Ventricular Fraction (LEVF) was assessed at baseline and every three months. Results: 2/70 (1.4%) patients relapsed (one lung metastasis during treatment, one local recurrence 13 months after the last dose). An asymptomatic absolute decrease in LVEF by 10% was reported in five patients. No patients discontinued the treatment. Conclusions: The use of trastuzumab in HER2 positive small tumor seems safe and effective. More data should be available for tumors smaller than 1 cm.
The Cystic Fibrosis Lung Microbiome (2014)

The chronic colonization of the lower airways by bacterial pathogens is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most common CF pathogen, followed by Staphylococcus aureus. Improvements in airway clearance and more effective treatment of the conventional CF pathogens has led to the emergence of new airway pathogens such as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Mycobacterium abscessus, and Achromobacter. More recently, it has become appreciated that the lower airways in patients with CF are colonized by a more complex polymicrobial community composed primarily of bacteria found in the upper respiratory tract. This includes obligate anaerobes, most commonly Prevotella. Expanded culturing methods and culture-independent molecular methods are being used to characterize the composition and dynamics of these polymicrobial communities in patients with CF. The contribution of the CF microbiome to airway disease is actively being investigated and will present new opportunities for disease management in CF. However, there remain many challenges that must be overcome if microbiome profiling is going to inform clinical practice.
Detection, prevalence, and transmission of avian hematozoa in waterfowl at the Arctic/sub-Arctic interface: co-infections, viral interactions, and sources of variation (2016)

Abstract Background The epidemiology of avian hematozoa at high latitudes is still not well understood, particularly in sub-Arctic and Arctic habitats, where information is limited regarding seasonality and range of transmission, co-infection dynamics with parasitic and viral agents, and possible fitness consequences of infection. Such information is important as climate warming may lead to northward expansion of hematozoa with unknown consequences to northern-breeding avian taxa, particularly populations that may be previously unexposed to blood parasites. Methods We used molecular methods to screen blood samples and cloacal/oropharyngeal swabs collected from 1347 ducks of five species during May-August 2010, in interior Alaska, for the presence of hematozoa, Influenza A Virus (IAV), and IAV antibodies. Using models to account for imperfect detection of parasites, we estimated seasonal variation in prevalence of three parasite genera (Haemoproteus, Plasmodium, Leucocytozoon) and investigated how co-infection with parasites and viruses were related to the probability of infection. Results We detected parasites from each hematozoan genus in adult and juvenile ducks of all species sampled. Seasonal patterns in detection and prevalence varied by parasite genus and species, age, and sex of duck hosts. The probabilities of infection for Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon parasites were strongly positively correlated, but hematozoa infection was not correlated with IAV infection or serostatus. The probability of Haemoproteus infection was negatively related to body condition in juvenile ducks; relationships between Leucocytozoon infection and body condition varied among host species. Conclusions We present prevalence estimates for Haemoproteus, Leucocytozoon, and Plasmodium infections in waterfowl at the interface of the sub-Arctic and Arctic and provide evidence for local transmission of all three parasite genera. Variation in prevalence and molecular detection of hematozoa parasites in wild ducks is influenced by seasonal timing and a number of host traits. A positive correlation in co-infection of Leucocytozoon and Haemoproteus suggests that infection probability by parasites in one or both genera is enhanced by infection with the other, or that encounter rates of hosts and genus-specific vectors are correlated. Using size-adjusted mass as an index of host condition, we did not find evidence for strong deleterious consequences of hematozoa infection in wild ducks.
Abstract 163: Inhibition of p38a Regulates SERCA2a Function (2013)

Rationale: p38 MAPK is a negative regulator of cardiac contractile function, but the underlying molecular mechanism is not well understood. Objective: To determine the molecular mechanism mediating the positive inotropic effect of p38 inhibition. Methods and Results: The effect of p38 inhibition on calcium regulatory proteins and calcium cycling was investigated in isolated neonatal and adult rodent cardiomyocytes using chemical inhibitors, recombinant adenoviruses and RNAi. Chemical inhibition of p38 enhanced phospholamban (PLB) phosphorylation at serine 16 residue. This was recapitulated with dominant negative p38α adenovirus and by p38α RNAi, but not with dominant negative p38β adenovirus. Chemical inhibition of p38 and dominant negative p38α resulted in significant decrease in Ca 2+ -transient decay time in adult rat cardiomyocytes. Inhibition of p38α, but not p38β, induced an increase in phosphorylation of protein phosphatase inhibitor-1 at the protein kinase A site threonine 35. Analysis of underlying mechanisms revealed that p38 inhibition increased phosphorylation of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2), but not GRK3 or GRK5. p38 inhibition- induced PLB phosphorylation was abolished in cardiomyocytes overexpressing wild type GRK2. In contrast, increased PLB phosphorylation upon p38 inhibition was not reduced in cardiomyocytes overexpressing GRK2 harboring a non-phosphorylatable mutation in serine 670 residue. Finally, p38 inhibition-induced shortening of Ca 2+ -transient decay time was absent in cardiomyocytes overexpressing wild type GRK2. Conclusions: Inhibition of p38α regulates protein phosphatase inhibitor-1 resulting in increased PLB phosphorylation and enhanced SERCA2a function.
Complete nucleotide sequences and annotations of φ673 and φ674, two newly characterised lytic phages of Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032 (2018)

The genomes of two new lytic phages of Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032, φ673 and φ674, were sequenced and annotated (GenBank: MG324353, MG324354). Electron microscopy studies of both virions revealed that taxonomically they belong to the Siphoviridae family and have a polyhedral head with a width of 50 nm and a non-contractile tail with a length of 250 nm. The genomes of φ673 and φ674 consist of linear double-stranded DNA molecules with lengths of 44,530 bp (G+C = 51.1%) and 43,193 bp (G+C = 50.7%) and identical, protruding, cohesive 3' ends 13 nt in length. The level of identity between the φ673 and φ674 genomes is 85.2%. Two major structural proteins of each virion were separated via SDS-PAGE and identified using peptide mass fingerprinting. Based on bioinformatic analysis, 56 and 54 ORFs were predicted for φ673 and φ674, respectively. Only 20 of the putative gene products of φ673 and 20 of φ674 could be assigned to known functions. Both genomes were divided into functional modules. Nine putative promoters in the φ673 genome and eight in the φ674 genome were predicted. One bidirectional Rho-independent transcription terminator was identified and experimentally confirmed in each phage genome.
The involvement of platelet activating factor in endotoxin‐induced pulmonary platelet recruitment in the guinea‐pig (1987)

1 Exposure of conscious guinea-pigs to an aerosol of endotoxin (25-100 micrograms ml-1) resulted in a dose-related, progressive accumulation of platelets in the thoracic region. Accumulation of 111indium oxine labelled erythrocytes was not observed following exposure to an aerosol of endotoxin (50 micrograms ml-1). 2 Pretreatment of guinea-pigs with the selective platelet activating factor (Paf)-antagonists. CV-3988 or brotizolam resulted in a dose-related inhibition of endotoxin-induced pulmonary platelet recruitment. Pretreatment of guinea-pigs with the selective Paf-antagonist BN 52021 resulted in significant inhibition of endotoxin-induced pulmonary platelet recruitment, although the effects of BN 52021 were not dose-related. 3 Pretreatment of guinea-pigs with indomethacin at doses known to inhibit cyclo-oxygenase did not inhibit endotoxin-induced pulmonary platelet recruitment, whereas higher doses of indomethacin produced a reduction in platelet recruitment in the lung. 4 Pretreatment of guinea-pigs with the anticoagulant heparin and the prostacyclin analogue ZK 36374 inhibited endotoxin-induced platelet recruitment. 5 These observations suggest that endotoxin-induced pulmonary platelet recruitment in the guinea-pig is secondary to the release of platelet activating factor, but not to cyclo-oxygenase products of arachidonic acid and may also involve activation of the coagulation cascade.
Magnetic microstructure of amorphous alloys studied using scanning electron microscopy with polarization analysis (abstract) (1987)

The recent development of scanning electron microscopy with polarization analysis (SEMPA) has made the direct measurement of magnetic structures with submicron spatial resolution possible.1,2 Because the secondary electron spin polarization is proportional to the magnetization in the area probed by the incident electron beam, the magnetization is measured directly, independent of topographic contrast. Topographic images are measured simultaneously, however, permitting comparisons between magnetic and structural properties. In addition the use of multiple, orthogonal detectors permits measurement of the magnetization magnitude and direction. We have recently used this technique to look at various Fe-rich amorphous ferromagnetic alloys. In particular SEMPA was used to examine the rotation of the magnetization within domain walls and to study changes in magnetic microstructure due to Ar ion bombardment and annealing.
Sexual Dimorphism and Mating Behavior in Anomala testaceipennis (2014)

The beetle, Anomala testaceipennis Blanchard (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), occurs in central-western Brazil where larvae feed on the roots of plants causing damage. This research aimed to study sexual dimorphism and mating behavior of A. testaceipennis. Adults of A. testaceipennis were collected with light traps in the experimental area of the State University of Mato Grosso do Sul, in Aquidauana. Laboratory experiments were performed to describe copulation behavior and adult morphology of males and females. In males the last abdominal segment has a pronounced constriction, which is absent in females, and the male's last segment of the first pair of legs has a ventral projection, which is poorly developed in females. The mating activities of adults begin soon after sunset, when adults leave the soil and fly. When the male encounters a female, he touches her with antennae and tarsi. If accepted, the male climbs on the female and remains on her back, and soon after the copulation begins. When the female does not accept the male for mating, she moves rapidly and can roll on the ground, and by so removing the male. In the field, adults feed and mate on bloomed trees of Oiti, Licania tomentosa Benth (Malpighiales: Chrysobalanaceae) and Louro, Cordia glabrata Martius (Boraginaceae). In trees without inflorescences no adults of this species were found.
In situ Observation of Ni Catalyzed Bamboo-like Carbon Nanotubes Growth by Current-Induced Annealing (2014)

Over a past few decades, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted much attention for their unique properties, although their formation mechanism is not well understood. Recent advances in in situ techniques now open up the new possibility of studying solid phase interaction at atomic level. Here, we report the direct observation of bamboo-like CNTs formation by in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) [1]. In our approach, nickel incorporated carbon nanofiber (Ni-CNF) was grown on the edge of graphite foil by ion irradiation of Ar+ at room temperature [2]. Ni-CNF then was mounted on cathode microprobe and bamboo-like CNTs formation was investigated during current-voltage (I-V) measurement. TEM images revealed that the Ni-CNF was amorphous and polycrystalline in nature initially, and the current flow in I-V process induced the dramatic change in the crystalline structure of CNF; formed bamboo-like CNTs. The nickel metal platelets agglomerated during the I-V process and disappeared to leave the crystalline bamboo-like CNTs structure. The structural transformation resulted in improvement of electrical properties where the current produced was remarkably increased, which is 30μA.
Terrestrial animals: bites and stings (2002)

More than 1000 Australians each year experience a snake bite. First aid for bites by Australian snakes and funnel web spiders includes having the patient lie as still as possible, applying a pressure immobilisation bandage and transporting the patient expeditiously to a hospital. No specific first aid is recommended for red back spider bite. Venom detection is possible for snake bites, but not for spider, scorpion or tick bites, or hymenoptera stings. Antivenom therapy is reserved for patients with significant systemic envenoming. (author abstract)
Divot Resistance Varies among Bermudagrass and Zoysiagrass Cultivars (2011)

ABSTRACT Divots created by a golf stroke are a natural occurrence on golf courses and the resistance of turf to divot injury is an important factor that should be considered when selecting a turfgrass. Therefore, the primary objective of this experiment was to quantify the divot resistance for various bermudagrass ( Cynodon spp. Rich.) and zoysiagrass ( Zoysia spp. Willd.) cultivars in a field experiment, with a secondary objective to compare evaluation methods for quantifying divot resistance. This study was conducted in Fayetteville, AR. Divot type, severity, and volume as well as a Turfgrass Shear Tester were used to determine divot resistance. ‘Riviera’ bermudagrass had the largest volume per divot (70 cm 3 ), while the smallest divots (&lt;28 cm 3 ) were observed with ‘Cavalier’, ‘Diamond’, and ‘Zorro’ zoysiagrass. More force was required to displace divots from Diamond zoysiagrass than from Riviera, ‘Patriot’, or ‘Princess 77’ bermduagrass. Zoysia matrella (L.) Merr. consistently demonstrated greater divot resistance than Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. The four methods for evaluating divot resistance provided similar findings for divot resistance for the cultivars and species tested. These results provide researchers methods for evaluating divot resistance and will allow golf course superintendents to better select cultivars and species that will improve playing conditions and reduce divot injury.
Real-time Spectral Tracking Routine for Fluorescence Hyperspectral Guidance in Breast Conserving Surgery (2021)

Fast spectral tracking routine, using simultaneous analysis of color and monochrome images, was developed and tested in phantoms. This routine could improve the efficiency of fluorescence hyperspectral imaging for breast conserving surgery guidance. © 2021 The Author(s)
Enhanced co‐solubilities of Ca and Si in YAG (Y3Al5O12) (2008)

Abstract General garnet structure (Ia3d) is a forgiving host and can accommodate cations of varying sizes and valence states. Studies on highly yttrium doped alumina ceramics with Ca and Si contamination indicated that YAG precipitates in the ceramic had a propensity to allow simultaneous incorporation of small amounts of Ca and Si impurities in their structure. In this study, using chemical synthesis techniques it was shown that YAG can accommodate up to approximately 8 cation% Ca +2 and Si +4 (i.e. Ca +2 /Y +3 and Si +4 /Y +3 ) if they are incorporated together. Equilibrium conditions are established by calcining samples at 900 °C for 2 hours and cooling the samples to room temperature in the furnace. Disappearing‐phase method and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy were used to determine solubility and co‐solubility limits. Beyond the solubility limit phase separation occurred and three crystalline yttrium aluminate phases (YAG, YAP (yttrium aluminate perovskite, YAlO 3 ), YAM (yttrium aluminate monoclinic, Y 4 Al 2 O 9 )) were observed. It is believed that the excess Ca and Si above co‐solubility limit precipitate out in the form of an x‐ray amorphous anorthite‐like glass in the system. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)