gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-Temperature, High-Pressure Viscosities and Densities ofn-Hexadecane, 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-Heptamethylnonane, and Squalane Measured Using a Universal Calibration for a Rolling-Ball Viscometer/Densimeter (2019)

The development of reference correlations for viscous fluids is predicated on the availability of accurate viscosity data, especially at high pressure, high temperature (HPHT) conditions. The rolling ball viscometer (RBV) is a facile technique for obtaining such HPHT viscosity data. A new, universal RBV calibration methodology is described and applied over a broad T–p region and for a wide range of viscosities. The new calibration equation is used to obtain viscosities for n-hexadecane (HXD), 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane (HMN), and 2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyltetracosane (squalane) from 298–530 K and pressures to 250 MPa. The available literature database for HMN is expanded to 520 K and 175 MPa and for squalane to 525 K and 250 MPa. The combined expanded uncertainties are 0.6% and 2.5% for the densities and viscosities, respectively, each with a coverage factor, k = 2. The reliability of the viscosity data is validated by comparison of HXD and squalane viscosities to accepted reference correlations and HMN viscosities to available literature data. The necessity of this new calibration approach is confirmed by the large deviations observed between HXD, HMN, and squalane viscosities determined using the new, universal RBV calibration equation and viscosities determined using a quadratic polynomial calibration equation. HXD, HMN, and squalane densities are predicted with the Perturbed Chain Statistical Associating Fluid Theory using pure component parameters calculated with a previously reported group contribution (GC) method. HXD, HMN, and squalane viscosities are compared to Free Volume Theory (FVT) predictions using FVT parameters calculated from a literature correlation for n-alkanes. Although the FVT predictions for HXD, a normal alkane, result in an average absolute percent deviation (ΔAAD) of 3.8%, predictions for HMN and squalane, two branched alkanes, are 4 to 13 times larger. The fit of the FVT model for the branched alkanes is dramatically improved if the FVT parameters are allowed to vary with temperature.
Unicorn (2013)

Unicorn is an online, in-memory social graph-aware indexing system designed to search trillions of edges between tens of billions of users and entities on thousands of commodity servers. Unicorn is based on standard concepts in information retrieval, but it includes features to promote results with good social proximity. It also supports queries that require multiple round-trips to leaves in order to retrieve objects that are more than one edge away from source nodes. Unicorn is designed to answer billions of queries per day at latencies in the hundreds of milliseconds, and it serves as an infrastructural building block for Facebook's Graph Search product. In this paper, we describe the data model and query language supported by Unicorn. We also describe its evolution as it became the primary backend for Facebook's search offerings.
Photochemical recovery of europium from non-aqueous solutions (2016)

The photochemical recovery of europium from non-aqueous media, more specifically alcohols, is studied. The recovery was performed by photochemical reduction of europium(iii) to europium(ii) and subsequent removal as the insoluble EuCl<sub>2</sub>. Two charge transfer bands are present in the UV-C region, one originating from the alcohol (around 230 nm) and the other from the chloride anion (at 271 nm), which are responsible for the photochemical reduction when the solution is illuminated by a medium-pressure mercury lamp. When using different alcohol solvents, a trend is observed with regards to the removal rate and efficiency, following methanol (MeOH) < ethanol (EtOH) < isopropanol (IPA) <50/50 v/v ethanol/isopropanol (EtOH/IPA). This trend can be explained by the solubility of EuCl<sub>2</sub> in the different solvents, and by the photon absorption at the wavelengths which provoke the reduction. In a 50/50 v/v EtOH/IPA solution, it is observed that addition of chloride ions (as LiCl) intensifies the chloride-to-europium(iii) CT band, effectively increasing the photon absorption in the 260-340 nm wavelength region. Moreover, addition of extra chloride ions decreases the solubility of EuCl<sub>2</sub>, which in turn accounts for a better recovery efficiency. However, this beneficial effect disappears when the water content rises above 1.5 wt%. For an EtOH/IPA solution with a high chloride concentration and low water content, it is feasible to recover europium from binary europium/yttrium mixtures with an efficiency of up to 94.7% and a purity of 96.7-99.8%, depending on the Eu/Y molar ratio. For higher yttrium excess, the removal rate of europium is higher, which is explained by the ability of yttrium to coordinate water molecules, decreasing the free water content in the solution. The fact that a large excess of yttrium does not compromise the removal rate of europium from the solution, proves that this technique has potential for europium recovery from red lamp phosphors (Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>:Eu<sup>3+</sup>), which consist entirely of europium and yttrium with a Eu/Y molar ratio of 1/20-1/30.
Cognitive screening instruments in neuropsychiatry: a report of the Committee on Research of the American Neuropsychiatric Association (1997)

A 1994 survey by the Research Committee of the American Neuropsychiatric Association revealed that 58% of respondents employed formal assessment of cognitive status; the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and neuropsychological testing were the commonest techniques. Literature review on common cognitive screening instruments found that the MMSE has widespread popularity, ease of use, and a large body of research demonstrating its sensitivity to common neuropsychiatric disorders. The Committee recommends that clinicians who employ the MMSE 1) use it as a minimum screening for cognitive dysfunction; 2) employ age- and education-normative corrections; and 3) supplement it with specific measures of spatial functions, delayed memory, and executive abilities. The Modified MMSE and the Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination also show promise as screening tools.
Monophasic versus biphasic contrast application in CT of patients with head and neck tumour (2010)

Poster: ECR 2010 / C-3331 / Monophasic versus biphasic contrast application in CT of patients with head and neck tumour by: M. Weiner, S. Fischer, N. Gerova, G. Planitzer, H.-J. Raatschen; Berlin/DE
Effects of Processing Factors on Mechanical Properties of “Pancake” Prepared by Hot Isostatic Pressing and Superplastic Forging from Nickel-base Alloy Powder (1987)

Effects of processing factors on the tensile properties and creep properties at 1033K were inoestigated for “pancakes” (thick circular disks) of a nickel-base superalloy. The pancakes were prepared by procedures comprising a rotating-disc process employing liquid-helium, hot isostatic pressing (HIP) consolidation preceded or not preceded by Attritor treatment and a superplastic forging with an apparatus specifically developed for this research. Major points of the obtained results were as follows:(1) The HIP-consolidated material from under-60-Tyler-mesh powder could be forged in a superplastic way only at a deformation rate of 0.2 through 0.5×10-4/s, while that from under-150-Tyler-mesh could be at a rate of 1×10-4/s. The product from the coarse powder had a tensile performance a little superior to that from the fine powder.(2) The product obtained by a superplastic forging in an economical condition (at a lower temperature and a higher forging rate) showed a larger tensile elongation and a larger creep rate than that in a prudent condition (a higher temperature and a lower forging rate).(3) An Atlritor pretreatment preceding HIP made superplastic forging easier but caused deterioration of the creep and the tensile performance.
Information Security Risk Management Defined (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Key Risk Management Definitions A Mathematical Formulation of Risk Typical Threats/Risk Events What is an Enterprise Architecture? References Appendix 2A: The CISSPforum/ISO27k Implementers Forum Information Security Risk List for 2008 Appendix 2B: What is Enterprise Risk Management (ERM)?
Landscape scale of topography-soil-vegetation relationship : influence of land use and land form (2012)

This article presents the effects exerted by the differences in land use on the relationships between soil and vegetation along a topographical gradient (catena). In the study 35 plots (20 m2, with 2 m up and 10 m across the slope) from two transects (forest – 2600 m and field – 1400 m, (with the lowest plot at 209.6 m a.s.l., and the highest at 253.5 m a.s.l. the lowest at 199.7 m a.s.l. and the highest at 230 m a.s.l, respectively) were selected and classified into three groups (depletion, transition, accumulation), depending upon the processes of erosion or accumulation. The analysed variables were following: topographical characteristics, soil parameters, number of vascular plant species, and geobotanical indicators as soil moisture (Fwm), soil acidity (Rwm), nitrogen content in the soil (Nwm) according to Ellenberg (El lenberg et al. 1991), soil humus and organic matter (Hwm) and soil dispersion and aeration (Dwm) according to Zarzycki (Z arzycki et al. 2002). The analyses showed that relationships between hypsometry, soil characteristics and geobotanical indicators were different, depending on land use (forest versus field). Regression models, which were similar for both transects, concern the following pair of variables: soil pH – slope; soil conductivity – elevation; soil moisture – elevation; soil carbon content – elevation; Rwm index – elevation; species number – soil carbon content. The following significant relationships were specific only for the forest transect: C:N ratio – slope and curvature, species number – soil nitrogen content; Rwm index – soil pH. For the field transect the relations between the geobotanical indicators and the properties of the soil are specific like for the pairs: Fwm index – soil moisture, Rwm index – soil moisture and nitrogen content, Hwm index – C:N ratio, Dwm index – nitrogen content. In general, the modifying influence of land use on the values of soil and vegetation parameters is weakly distinguished in the upper parts of both transects, and the most significant on the slopes, within the transition zone. The results of our studies should be useful in modelling of hydrological and geo-chemical relations, especially with respect to small catchment areas, in determination of carbon reserves, as well as in planning of sustainable landscape.
Lymph Node With Extensive Involvement by Cryptococcus Shortly Following Liver Transplantation (2018)

Herein, we present a case of extensive lymph node involvement by disseminated Cryptococcus infection developing in the immediate period after liver transplantation and initiation of immunosuppressive therapy. The patient, a 56 year old ethnicity unknown man, received a liver transplant for acute decompensated liver. Beginning 24 days after transplantation, he was found to have Cryptococcus neoformans infection, involving the pleural fluid, blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), liver, and lymph nodes. He received treatment with amphotericin B and flucytosine; he was transitioned to fluconazole, and his response was good. This relatively rapid development of disease raises the possibility of donor-derived Cryptococcus infection.
The Birefringent Orientation and Relaxation of Clay Platelets as Affected by Particle Size, Saturating Cation and Clay Type (1976)

Abstract An electrooptic birefringence technique was employed to study the effect of particle size, saturating cation, and clay type on the rotational diffusion coefficient (a measure of the rate at which the particles rotate or relax within the solution) from a preferred orientation. These studies help elucidate the nature of the cation—water environment near the clay particles. Previous work has shown that some clay particles orient at both low and high voltages due to a permanent dipole and an induced dipole, respectively, whereas other clays under similar short-duration pulses orient only at high voltages. The permanent dipole was attributed to the iron in the octahedral layer of the clay mineral, whereas the induced dipole was probably due to a redistribution of the diffuse double-layer cations. This study shows that smaller clay particles orient more readily at low voltages and have greater rotational diffusion coefficients at high voltages. The higher the rotational diffusion coefficient, the faster the particles move in their surrounding water-cation environment. The effect of the saturating cation on the rotational diffusion coefficients was Na &gt; Li &gt; K for the permanent dipole and K &gt; Li &gt; Na &gt; Ca &gt; Mg for the induced dipole orientation. Previous results (Schepers and Miller, 1974) are interpreted to mean that a particle in dilute suspension can rotate independently of its environment only when the salt concentration in the surrounding medium approaches zero. At higher salt concentrations, or if the particle environment is perturbed by an electric field, the particle rotates with a water shell. As the concentration of salt or strength of the electric field increases further, either the viscosity of the surrounding solution increases or the size of the rotating shell is greatly increased. Thus, the water around clay particles appears to be structurally different than normal, and this condition is probably caused by the nature of the clay—cation interaction.
Unified Deep Supervised Domain Adaptation and Generalization (2017)

This work provides a unified framework for addressing the problem of visual supervised domain adaptation and generalization with deep models. The main idea is to exploit the Siamese architecture to learn an embedding subspace that is discriminative, and where mapped visual domains are semantically aligned and yet maximally separated. The supervised setting becomes attractive especially when only few target data samples need to be labeled. In this scenario, alignment and separation of semantic probability distributions is difficult because of the lack of data. We found that by reverting to point-wise surrogates of distribution distances and similarities provides an effective solution. In addition, the approach has a high “speed” of adaptation, which requires an extremely low number of labeled target training samples, even one per category can be effective. The approach is extended to domain generalization. For both applications the experiments show very promising results.
Evaluation of the Feasibility of Implementing Biological Phosphorus Removal in Wastewater Treatment Plants (1991)

Abstract A weighted rating system to evaluate the feasibility of implementing biological phosphorus removal to wastewater treatment plants was developed and applied to identify the most promising existing Quebec plants using activated sludge that may benefit from this advanced technology. Three main categories of criteria were considered, (A) phosphorus discharge standards, (B) influent and effluent characteristics and (C) process characteristics. The percentage of the total weight attributed to each category was 12%, 29% and 59%, respectively. The most important factors were proposed to be the plant flexibility and configuration, the influent BOD5/TP and TKN/COD ratios, the existence of a primary clarifier, the requirements to comply with phosphorus standards, the presence of a sand filter and the possibility of mixing without air entrainment the zones of the process that should not be aerated. Among the 16 activated sludge plants for which operating data was available for 1989, 9 showed an interesting potential for conversion to biological phosphorus removal (6 with aeration tanks, 1 with oxidation ditches and 2 with sequencing batch reactors). Operation and construction modifications were proposed to convert these 9 plants to biological phosphorus removal and the rating system was used to assess the beneficial effect of the proposed modifications. A preliminary cost estimate performed on 7 of these plants indicated that conversion costs to biological phosphorus removal were either negligible (4 or 5 plants) or comparable to the present value of the cost of chemicals over a 20-year period (2 plants). With these conversions, biological phosphorus removal could replace partially or completely chemical phosphorus precipitation, depending on the phosphorus standards, wastewater and plant characteristics.
Endothelial vasoconstrictor prostanoids modulate contractions to acetylcholine and ANG II in Ren-2 rats (1997)

We investigated vascular function in mouse Ren-2 transgenic rats with hypertension. Mesenteric resistance arteries of transgenic and Sprague-Dawley rats (controls) were isolated at ages 6 and 12 wk and suspended in myographs for isometric tension recording. Systolic blood pressure was higher in transgenic than control rats (P < 0.05). Contractions to norepinephrine and endothelin-1 were comparable in transgenic and control rats, but the sensitivity decreased with age in both strains (P < 0.05). Contractions to angiotensin I were comparable in 6-wk-old transgenic rats and controls, but the response to angiotensin I was more pronounced in transgenic rats at 12 wk of age. Contractions to angiotensin II were higher in transgenic rats and decreased with age in both strains. Preincubation with the cyclooxygenase inhibitor meclofenamate or the thromboxane receptor antagonist SQ-30741 blunted the response only in 6-wk-old transgenic rats. In quiescent vascular rings, acetylcholine evoked endothelium-dependent contractions after inhibition of nitric oxide formation by N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester only in transgenic rats. These contractions were inhibited by SQ-30741 (P < 0.05) but not by the thromboxane synthase inhibitor CGS-13080. Contractions to the thromboxane analogue U-46619 were comparable in both strains at the age of 6 wk; sensitivity was increased in transgenic rats at 12 wk (P < 0.05). In conclusion, in mesenteric resistance arteries of Ren-2 transgenic rats I) contractions to angiotensin I and II but not to norepinephrine and endothelin-1 are increased, and 2) acetylcholine as well as angiotensin II modulate endothelium-dependent contractions mediated by prostaglandin H2. These alterations together with increased sensitivity to thromboxane could contribute to maintenance as well as to impaired tissue perfusion of this form of hypertension.
MagPairing: Exploiting magnetometers for pairing smartphones in close proximity (2014)

With the prevalence of mobile computing, lots of wireless devices need to establish secure communication on the fly without pre-shared secrets. Device pairing is critical for bootstrapping secure communication between two previously unassociated devices over the wireless channel. Using auxiliary out-of-band channels involving visual, acoustic, tactile or vibrational sensors has been proposed as a feasible option to facilitate device pairing. However, these methods usually require users to perform additional tasks such as copying, comparing, and shaking. It is preferable to have a natural and intuitive pairing method with minimal user tasks. In this paper, we introduce a new method, called MagPairing, for pairing smartphones in close proximity by exploiting correlated magnetometer readings. In MagPairing, users only need to naturally tap the smartphones together for a few seconds without performing any additional operations in authentication and key establishment. Our method exploits the fact that smartphones are equipped with tiny magnets. Highly correlated magnetic field patterns are produced when two smartphones are close to each other. We design MagPairing protocol and implement it on Android smartphones. We conduct extensive simulation and experiments to evaluate MagPairing. Experimental results show that MagPairing can successfully pair two smartphones with 4.5 seconds on average. It is immune to man-in-the-middle attack even when the attacker is a few centimeters away from the pairing devices.
Dynamics of an [Fe4S4(SPh)4]2? cluster explored via IR, Raman, and nuclear resonance vibrational spectroscopy (NRVS)-analysis using 36S substitution, DFT calculations, and empirical force fields (2006)

We have used four vibrational spectroscopies--FT-IR, FT-Raman, resonance Raman, and 57Fe nuclear resonance vibrational spectroscopy (NRVS)--to study the normal modes of the Fe-S cluster in [(n-Bu)4N]2[Fe4S4(SPh)4]. This [Fe4S4(SR)4]2- complex serves as a model for the clusters in 4Fe ferredoxins and high-potential iron proteins (HiPIPs). The IR spectra exhibited differences above and below the 243 K phase transition. Significant shifts with 36S substitution into the bridging S positions were also observed. The NRVS results were in good agreement with the low temperature data from the conventional spectroscopies. The NRVS spectra were interpreted by normal mode analysis using optimized Urey-Bradley force fields (UBFF) as well as from DFT theory. For the UBFF calculations, the parameters were refined by comparing calculated and observed NRVS frequencies and intensities. The frequency shifts after 36S substitution were used as an additional constraint. A D 2d symmetry Fe4S4S'4 model could explain most of the observed frequencies, but a better match to the observed intensities was obtained when the ligand aromatic rings were included for a D 2d Fe4S4(SPh)4 model. The best results were obtained using the low temperature structure without symmetry constraints. In addition to stretching and bending vibrations, low frequency modes between approximately 50 and 100 cm(-1) were observed. These modes, which have not been seen before, are interpreted as twisting motions with opposing sides of the cube rotating in opposite directions. In contrast with a recent paper on a related Fe4S4 cluster, we find no need to assign a large fraction of the low frequency NRVS intensity to 'rotational lattice modes'. We also reassign the 430 cm(-1) band as primarily an elongation of the thiophenolate ring, with approximately 10% terminal Fe-S stretch character. This study illustrates the benefits of combining NRVS with conventional Raman and IR analysis for characterization of Fe-S centers. DFT theory is shown to provide remarkable agreement with the experimental NRVS data. These results provide a reference point for the analysis of more complex Fe-S clusters in proteins.
Cloning, sequencing, heterologous expression, and characterization of murine cytochrome P450 3a25*(Cyp3a25), a testosterone 6β‐hydroxylase (2001)

A full-length cDNA clone encoding a novel form of the cytochrome P450 3A subfamily (Cyp3a-25) has been isolated from a mouse liver cDNA library. The sequence contained 2010 base pairs and encoded a protein with 503 amino acids. The amino acid sequence shared greater identities with rat CYP3A18 (90%) and golden hamster CYP3A10 (81%) sequences than with known mouse sequences (Cyp3a-11, Cyp3a-13, Cyp3a-16, and Cyp3a-41 [68--70%]). CYP3A25 was expressed in the Escherichia coli PCWori(+) expression vector following slight modifications of the N- and C-terminals of the cDNA. The purified CYP3A25 was recognized on an immunoblot by CYP3A1 antibody and has a molecular weight of 50 kD. CYP3A25 was catalytically active in the 6 beta-hydroxylation of testosterone and the N-demethylation of benzphetamine and erythromycin. It was demonstrated by RT-PCR that the CYP3A25 mRNA is present in both fetal and adult tissues, including liver, lung, intestines, kidney, and brain. Northern blotting demonstrated that expression is greatest in the liver and small intestine.
Buzzwords with a basis. (2000)

Learn the essential elements that characterize the concepts of motivation, mentoring, and empowerment, and explore the integral relationships between and among the three.