gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Rockfish Skin Gelatin Composite Films (2017)

플라스틱 포장 폐기물로 인한 환경오염을 해결하기 위한 대안으로 생분해성 필름이 많이 연구되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 우럭 껍질 젤라틴(RFG)과 nano-clay(Cloisite NaSUP+/SUP, 10A)의 복합필름의 특성에 관하여 연구하였다. 우럭 껍질로부터 젤라틴을 추출하여 sorbitol을 가소제로서 첨가한 단백질 필름을 제조하였고, 제조된 RFG 필름의 tensile strength(TS), water vapor permeability(WVP), water solubility(WS)는 각각 15.0 MPa, 2.70×10SUP-9/SUP g m/mSUP2/SUP s Pa, 53.8%였다. RFG에 nano-clay를 첨가한 복합필름은 TS가 증가하고 WVP와 WS는 감소하였다. XRD 분석과 SEM 측정 결과를 통하여 RFG/nano-clay 복합필름 내부에 박리형 구조를 형성함을 확인할 수 있었다. 결론적으로 본 연구 결과 RFG/nano-clay 복합필름은 생분해성 포장재로 적용될 수 있음을 시사한다.
Environmental and Clinical Strains of Vibrio cholerae Non-O1, Non-O139 From Germany Possess Similar Virulence Gene Profiles (2019)

<i>Vibrio cholerae</i> is a natural inhabitant of aquatic ecosystems globally. Strains of the serogroups O1 and O139 cause the epidemic diarrheal disease cholera. In Northern European waters, <i>V. cholerae</i> bacteria belonging to other serogroups (designated non-O1, non-O139) are present, of which some strains have been associated with gastrointestinal infections or extraintestinal infections, like wound infections or otitis. For this study, environmental strains from the German coastal waters of the North Sea and the Baltic Sea were selected (100 strains) and compared to clinical strains (10 isolates) that were from patients who contracted the infections in the same geographical region. The strains were characterized by MLST and examined by PCR for the presence of virulence genes encoding the cholera toxin, the toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP), and other virulence-associated accessory factors. The latter group comprised hemolysins, RTX toxins, cholix toxin, pandemic islands, and type III secretion system (TTSS). Phenotypic assays for hemolytic activity against human and sheep erythrocytes were also performed. The results of the MLST analysis revealed a considerable heterogeneity of sequence types (in total 74 STs). The presence of virulence genes was also variable and 30 profiles were obtained by PCR. One profile was found in 38 environmental strains and six clinical strains. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed on 15 environmental and 7 clinical strains that were ST locus variants in one, two, or three alleles. Comparison of WGS results revealed that a set of virulence genes found in some clinical strains is also present in most environmental strains irrespective of the ST. In few strains, more virulence factors are acquired through horizontal gene transfer (i.e., TTSS, genomic islands). A distinction between clinical and environmental strains based on virulence gene profiles is not possible for our strains. Probably, many virulence traits of <i>V. cholerae</i> evolved in response to biotic and abiotic pressure and serve adaptation purposes in the natural aquatic environment, but provide a prerequisite for infection of susceptible human hosts. These findings indicate the need for surveillance of <i>Vibrio</i> spp. in Germany, as due to global warming abundance of <i>Vibrio</i> will rise and infections are predicted to increase.
Cigarette smoking and risk of prostate cancer: a population-based case-control study in Ontario and British Columbia, Canada (1997)

The relationship between cigarette smoking and risk of prostate cancer was examined in a case-control study conducted in Ontario and British Columbia, Canada. In each centre, cases were men with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the prostate notified to the provincial cancer registry. In Ontario, controls were selected randomly from assessment lists maintained by the Ontario Ministry of Revenue and were frequency matched to the cases on age. In British Columbia, controls were also frequency matched to the cases on age and were selected randomly from a roster maintained by the Medical Services Plan of British Columbia. The study in Ontario was conducted between April 1990 and April 1992, and that in British Columbia was conducted between January 1989 and December 1991. In all, the study included 408 cases (207 in Ontario and 201 in British Columbia) and 407 controls (207 in Toronto and 200 in British Columbia (one case was unmatched). Overall, there was little variation in risk of prostate cancer with pack-years of cigarette consumption (filter and non-filter cigarettes combined), and there was no evidence for an effect confined to filter or non-filter cigarettes. There was some evidence for a positive association with non-filter cigarettes in British Columbia, but on formal testing for heterogeneity, this finding was not inconsistent with the absence of an association in Ontario. There was also little variation in risk by years since first smoked or (for ex-smokers) by years since quitting. These data provide little support for an association between cigarette smoking and prostate cancer risk.
Supplementary Table 1 from Relationships between Circulating and Intraprostatic Sex Steroid Hormone Concentrations (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table 1: Reproducibility of serum and tissue hormone assays used for the main analysis&lt;/p&gt;
STREAK IMAGE CAMERA "AGAT" WITH PICOSECOND TIME RESOLUTION USED FOR INVESTIGATIONS IN PLASMA PHYSICS (1979)

No abstract available
Utilization of Osteoporosis-Related Health Services: Use of Data from the Korean National Health Insurance Database 2008–2012 (2017)

This study demonstrated an increasing trend in the utilization of the osteoporosis-related health services from 2008 to 2012 in Korea. The proportion of newly diagnosed osteoporosis patients and the prevalence of access to medical services increased more in men than in women. Therefore, an increasing need for prevention and treatment of male osteoporosis was observed. The osteoporosis treatment rate was lower than that for other chronic diseases; more efforts are needed to improve awareness regarding osteoporosis treatment.
Cleavage of gonococcal pilin and alteration of common pilin epitopes by human neutrophil lysosomal elastase (1988)

Incubation of purified gonococcal pili with human neutrophil granule extracts and highly purified neutrophil elastase, but not cathepsin G, resulted in digestion of pilin (the protomeric subunit of pili). Elastase cleaved pilin (18.6 kDa) in a fashion such that either two, three or four products (14.5, 10.5, 9.0, 4.0 kDa) were generated. With both neutrophil extracts and elastase, digestion of pilin was dependent on enzymatic activity. The 10.5 and 9.0 kDa proteolytic fragments of pifin reacted with antisera to conserved epitopes of the cyanogen bromide 2 fragment of gonococcaln pilin. However, the 14.5 kDa fragment was poorly reactive and the 4.0 kDa fragment was nonreactive. Our results indicate that elastase and possibly other serine proteases of human neutrophils have the capacity to degrade gonococcal pili.
Is entanglement dispensable in quantum lithography? (2006)

The working principle of quantum lithography has been demonstrated a few years ago: entangled N-photon systems can improve the spatial resolution of an imaging system by a factor of N, despite the classical Rayleigh limit. Recently, a number of experiments successfully simulated certain features of quantum imaging and two-photon interference-diffraction by using chaotic light in coincidence detection experiments. Can classical light simulate the effect of imaging type quantum lithography? This article attempts to provide an answer to this currently debated question.
ProposalCLIP: Unsupervised Open-Category Object Proposal Generation via Exploiting CLIP Cues (2022)

Object proposal generation is an important and fundamental task in computer vision. In this paper, we propose ProposalCLIP, a method towards unsupervised open-category object proposal generation. Unlike previous works which require a large number of bounding box annotations and/or can only generate proposals for limited object categories, our ProposalCLIP is able to predict proposals for a large variety of object categories without annotations, by exploiting CLIP (contrastive language-image pre-training) cues. Firstly, we analyze CLIP for unsupervised open-category proposal generation and design an objectness score based on our empirical analysis on proposal selection. Secondly, a graph-based merging module is proposed to solve the limitations of CLIP cues and merge fragmented proposals. Finally, we present a proposal regression module that extracts pseudo labels based on CLIP cues and trains a lightweight network to further refine proposals. Extensive experiments on PASCAL VOC, COCO and Visual Genome datasets show that our ProposalCLIP can better generate proposals than previous state-of-the-art methods. Our ProposalCLIP also shows benefits for downstream tasks, such as unsupervised object detection.
Interface Instability of Fe-Stabilized Li7La3Zr2O12 versus Li Metal (2018)

The interface stability versus Li represents a major challenge in the development of next-generation all-solid-state batteries (ASSB), which take advantage of the inherently safe ceramic electrolytes. Cubic Li7La3Zr2O12 garnets represent the most promising electrolytes for this technology. The high interfacial impedance versus Li is, however, still a bottleneck toward future devices. Herein, we studied the electrochemical performance of Fe3+-stabilized Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO:Fe) versus Li metal and found a very high total conductivity of 1.1 mS cm-1 at room temperature but a very high area specific resistance of ∼1 kΩ cm2. After removing the Li metal electrode we observe a black surface coloration at the interface, which clearly indicates interfacial degradation. Raman- and nanosecond laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy reveals, thereafter, the formation of a 130 μm thick tetragonal LLZO interlayer and a significant Li deficiency of about 1-2 formula units toward the interface. This shows that cubic LLZO:Fe is not stable versus Li metal by forming a thick tetragonal LLZO interlayer causing high interfacial impedance.
Overcoming Limitations in the Availability of Swabs Systems Used for SARS-CoV-2 Laboratory Diagnostics (2020)

Abstract The diagnosis of COVID-19 relies on the direct detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in respiratory specimens by RT-PCR. The pandemic spread of the disease caused an imbalance between demand and supply of materials and reagents needed for diagnostic purposes including swab sets. In a comparative effectiveness study, we conducted serial follow-up swabs in hospitalized laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients. We assessed the diagnostic performance of an in-house system developed according to recommendations by the US CDC. In a total of 96 swabs, we found significant differences in the accuracy of the different swab systems to generate a positive result in SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR, ranging from around 50 to 80%. Of note, an in-house swab system was superior to most commercially available sets as reflected by significantly lower Ct values of viral genes. Thus, a simple combination of broadly available materials may enable diagnostic laboratories to bypass global limitations in the supply of swab sets.
Characterization and Expression of the Lactobacillus helveticus pepC Gene Encoding a General Aminopeptidase (1994)

An aminopeptidase C gene (pepC) was detected by nucleic acid hybridization from an industrially important Lactobacillus helveticus strain. Three hybridization positive clones were isolated from a gene library of this L. helveticus strain, and one of them was characterized in more detail. Deletion mapping localized the hybridization positivity into a 2.8-kb fragment, which also encoded aminopeptidase activity. This fragment was sequenced and two open reading frames (ORF1 and 2) of 1347 and 840 base pairs were identified. The ORF1 was preceded by a typical prokaryotic promoter region, and an inverted repeat structure with delta G of -49.0 kJ mol-1 was found downstream of the coding region. The deduced amino acid sequence of ORF1, with an encoding capacity for a 51.4-kDa protein, was shown to share 48.3% and 98.0% identities with the PepC proteins from Lactococcus lactis and L. helveticus CNRZ32, respectively, thus confirming that ORF1 codes for an aminopeptidase C. mRNA size analyses revealed 1.7-kb and 2.7-kb transcripts in Northern blot with the pepC-specific probe. A further analysis with the pepC- and ORF2-specific probes showed that downstream ORF2 is co-transcribed with the pepC gene at the exponential phase of growth whereas, at the stationary growth phase, transcripts derived from the pepC promoter were below the detection limit, and the ORF2 was expressed by its own promoter. The 5' end mapping of the pepC transcripts with primer extension revealed one transcription start site suggesting a new position for the pepC promoter region when compared to that predicted for the L. helveticus CNRZ32 pepC gene. Expression of pepC was also studied in L. helveticus as the function of growth in a bioreactor study. Transcription of pepC was typical to exponential growth phase expression. The level of total thiol-aminopeptidase activity, however, remained nearly constant throughout the stationary growth phase.
Free energy perturbation calculations of tetrahydroquinolines complexed to the first bromodomain of BRD4 (2022)

Alchemical free energy perturbation (FEP) theory is widely used nowadays to calculate protein–ligand binding energies, often in support of drug discovery endeavours. We assess the accuracy and sensitivity of absolute FEP binding energies with respect to the CHARMM/CGenFF and the AMBER/GAFF force field parameterisations for a set of tetrahydroquinoline inhibitors of the first bromodomain of BRD4, a target of keen interest for the development of anti-cancer drugs. We find that AMBER/GAFF is better able than CHARMM/CGenFF to cover the range of and to distinguish between the relative binding energies of the 16 ligands.
Incorporation of Ultrafiltration Concentrated Whey Solids into Cheddar Cheese for Increased Yield (1982)

A process for incorporating whey solids into Cheddar cheese was evaluated. Whey was concentrated by ultrafiltration to between 9.8 and 20.3% solids (4.3 to 7.1% protein) and then heated at 75C for 30 min. Return of this concentrate to cheese milk increased average yield 4.0% at constant cheese moisture. Cheese made by this procedure was lower in fat than control cheese and had a higher moisture content. Setting time was shorter, and acid development was faster. The pH was lower than that of the control cheese. Specific body, texture, and flavor characteristics were identified. Acid was the only flavor defect more prominent in experimental than in control cheese. None of the specific body or texture characteristics was significantly different.
Co‐hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass for microbial lipid accumulation (2012)

The herbaceous perennial energy crops miscanthus, giant reed, and switchgrass, along with the annual crop residue corn stover, were evaluated for their bioconversion potential. A co-hydrolysis process, which applied dilute acid pretreatment, directly followed by enzymatic saccharification without detoxification and liquid-solid separation between these two steps was implemented to convert lignocellulose into monomeric sugars (glucose and xylose). A factorial experiment in a randomized block design was employed to optimize the co-hydrolysis process. Under the optimal reaction conditions, corn stover exhibited the greatest total sugar yield (glucose + xylose) at 0.545 g g(-1) dry biomass at 83.3% of the theoretical yield, followed by switch grass (0.44 g g(-1) dry biomass, 65.8% of theoretical yield), giant reed (0.355 g g(-1) dry biomass, 64.7% of theoretical yield), and miscanthus (0.349 g g(-1) dry biomass, 58.1% of theoretical yield). The influence of combined severity factor on the susceptibility of pretreated substrates to enzymatic hydrolysis was clearly discernible, showing that co-hydrolysis is a technically feasible approach to release sugars from lignocellulosic biomass. The oleaginous fungus Mortierella isabellina was selected and applied to the co-hydrolysate mediums to accumulate fungal lipids due to its capability of utilizing both C5 and C6 sugars. Fungal cultivations grown on the co-hydrolysates exhibited comparable cell mass and lipid production to the synthetic medium with pure glucose and xylose. These results elucidated that combining fungal fermentation and co-hydrolysis to accumulate lipids could have the potential to enhance the utilization efficiency of lignocellulosic biomass for advanced biofuels production.
The Role of Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) in the Healthy Brain: A Characterization of G-CSF-Deficient Mice (2009)

Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a hematopoietic growth factor that controls proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells. Although recent studies have begun to explore G-CSF-related mechanisms of action in various disease models, little is known about its function in the healthy brain. In the present study, the effect of G-CSF deficiency on memory formation and motor skills was investigated. The impact of G-CSF deficiency on the structural integrity of the hippocampus was evaluated by analyzing the generation of doublecortin-expressing cells, the amount of bromodeoxyurine-labeled cells, the dendritic complexity in hippocampal neurons, the binding densities of NMDA and GABA(A) receptors and the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP). G-CSF deficiency caused a disruption in memory formation and in the development of motor skills. These impairments were associated with reduced ligand binding densities of NMDA receptors in hippocampal subfields CA3 and the dentate gyrus. The reduced excitation was potentiated by increased ligand binding densities of GABA(A) receptors resulting in a relative shift in favor of inhibition and impaired behavioral performance. These alterations were accompanied by impaired induction of LTP in the CA1 region. Moreover, G-CSF deficiency led to decreased dendritic complexity in hippocampal neurons in the dentate gyrus and the CA1 region. G-CSF deficiency also caused a reduction of neuronal precursor cells in the dentate gyrus. These findings confirm G-CSF as an essential neurotrophic factor, and point to a role in the proliferation, differentiation and functional integration of neural cells necessary for the structural and functional integrity of the hippocampal formation.
Near real-time SAR change detection using CUDA (2012)

In this paper, near real-time GPU implementations of two efficient SAR change detection methods using closed-form Kullback-Leibler divergence between generalized Gamma distributions (KL-GGD) and two densities approximated by Edgeworth series (KL-EW) are investigated and compared in terms of both accuracy and speed. The near real-time implementations of the proposed methods using Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) on Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) are described and evaluated. The computation time of the parallel implementation on GPU is compared with the C/C++ implementation on Central Processing Unit (CPU). Our experimental results show that the GPU implementation is at least twenty times faster than the CPU implementation.
FlexCore: A Reconfigurable Processor Supporting Flexible, Dynamic Morphing (2015)

In the realm of desktop and server class processors, the prevailing trend is to use out-of-order superscalar cores that exploit the hidden instruction-level parallelism in a program. In superscalar designs, the performance (as measured by the IPC, instructions committed per clock cycle) does not go up linearly with the dispatch width, say, n, due to dependencies in the program and higher branching penalties that are encountered with an increase in n. Furthermore, the area requirement of a superscalar processor grows more than linearly with n, leading to poor energy efficiency (IPC per Joule of expended energy) for higher values of n. This paper introduces FlexCore, a reconfigurable multicore datapath where the processing resources, dispatch width and operating modes (in-order, out-of-order, simultaneously multithreaded execution) are dynamically adapted based on the instantaneous needs of the executing application to avoid overcommitting any processing resource. In FlexCore, unutilized or underutilized processing components are shut down to save power and realize higher energy efficiency compared to a baseline out-of-order multicore chip with a fixed core configuration. FlexCore, regardless of the specific reconfiguration mode, always presents the same number of virtual processors to the Operating System and thus requires no OS modifications. A cycle-accurate simulation of FlexCore or many-threaded and multi-threaded applications show that significant improvements in energy efficiency are realized over the baseline design with little or no impact on performance.
EZYprep LC‐coupled MALDI‐TOF/TOF MS: An improved matrix spray application for phosphopeptide characterisation (2010)

The quality of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometric analysis is highly dependent on the matrix and its deposition strategy. Although different matrix-deposition methods have specific advantages, one major problem in the field of proteomics, particularly with respect to quantitation, is reproducibility between users or laboratories. Compounding this is the varying crystal homogeneity of matrices depending on the deposition strategy used. Here, we describe a novel optimised matrix-deposition strategy for LC-MALDI-TOF/TOF MS using an automated instrument that produces a nebulised matrix "mist" under controlled atmospheric conditions. Comparisons of this with previously reported strategies showed the method to be advantageous for the atypical matrix, 2,5-DHB, and improved phosphopeptide ionisation when compared with deposition strategies for CHCA. This optimised DHB matrix-deposition strategy with LC-MALDI-TOF/TOF MS, termed EZYprep LC, was subsequently optimised for phosphoproteome analysis and compared to LC-ESI-IT-MS and a previously reported approach for phosphotyrosine identification and characterisation. These methods were used to map phosphorylation on epidermal growth factor-stimulated epidermal growth factor receptor to gauge the sensitivity of the proposed method. EZYprep DHB LC-MALDI-TOF/TOF MS was able to identify more phosphopeptides and characterise more phosphorylation sites than the other two proteomic strategies, thus proving to be a sensitive approach for phosphoproteome analysis.
Lactobacillus rhamnosus Enhances the Immunological Antitumor Effect of 5-Fluorouracil against Colon Cancer (2019)

This study provides evidence about the potential immunological influence of L. rhamnosus when used in combination with 5-FU as a novel colon cancer therapeutic strategy.
Reduction of o-acylphenols through ethyl o-acylphenylcarbonates to o-alkylphenols with sodium borohydride. (1979)

It was found that the ethoxycarbonyl derivatives of o-acylphenols were reduced to the corresponding o-alkylphenols by sodium borohydride under mild conditions ; the use of 3 molar equivalents of sodium borohydride was sufficient for this reduction. Various kinds of o-acylphenols (1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25 and 27) were reduced to the corresponding o-alkylphenols (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 24, 26 and 28, respectively) in high yield by this method. o-acetylphenyl acetate (29) afforded o-ethylphenol (8) in better yield with sodium borohydride than ethyl o-acetylphenylcarbonate, but o-acetyl-phenyl p-toluenesulfonate (30) did not give 8.