gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Perceived Preparedness of Dental Academic Institutions to Cope with the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Multi-Country Survey (2021)

Dental academic institutions are affected by COVID-19. We assessed the perceived COVID-19 preparedness of these institutions and the characteristics of institutions with greater perceived preparedness. An international cross-sectional survey of dental academics was conducted from March to August 2020 to assess academics' and institutional attributes, perceived preparedness, and availability of infection prevention and control (IPC) equipment. Principal component analysis (PCA) identified perceived preparedness components. Multilevel linear regression analysis assessed the association between perceived preparedness and fixed effect factors (academics' and institutions' attributes) with countries as random effect variable. Of the 1820 dental academics from 28 countries, 78.4% worked in public institutions and 75.2% reported temporary closure. PCA showed five components: clinic apparel, measures before and after patient care, institutional policies, and availability of IPC equipment. Significantly less perceived preparedness was reported in lower-middle income (LMICs) (B = -1.31, <i>p</i> = 0.006) and upper-middle income (UMICs) (B = -0.98, <i>p</i> = 0.02) countries than in high-income countries (HICs), in teaching only (B = -0.55, <i>p</i> < 0.0001) and in research only (B = -1.22, <i>p</i> = 0.003) than teaching and research institutions and in institutions receiving ≤100 patients daily than those receiving >100 patients (B = -0.38, <i>p</i> < 0.0001). More perceived preparedness was reported by academics with administrative roles (B = 0.59, <i>p</i> < 0.0001). Academics from low-income countries (LICs) and LMICs reported less availability of clinic apparel, IPC equipment, measures before patient care, and institutional policies but more measures during patient care. There was greater perceived preparedness in HICs and institutions with greater involvement in teaching, research, and patient care.
CT Grading of Blunt Pancreatic Injuries: Prediction of Ductal Disruption and Surgical Correlation (1997)

CT grading of BPIs was useful in predicting ductal integrity or disruption. Ductal disruption was likely present if the pancreas appeared to have a transection or deep laceration on CT scans. It was accurate in grade A and B injuries. Overestimation could occur in grade CI and CII injuries.
Multiparametrical diffusion weighted imaging for the detection of anaplastic transformation of low-grade gliomas (2014)

Poster: ECR 2014 / C-2130 / Multiparametrical diffusion weighted imaging for the detection of anaplastic transformation of low-grade gliomas by: M. Freitag1, C. Weber1, K. Maier-Hein1, R. Tarnawski2, B. Bobek-Billewicz2, F. Binczyck2, J. Polanska2, B. Stieltjes1; 1Heidelberg/DE, 2Gliwice/PL
Influence of Roughness on Wetting and Adhesion in a Dental Adhesive System (1971)

Abstract In this investigation the fracture surface between bovine dentine and bovine enamel and a dental cement was observed using the scanning electron microscope at magnifications up to 10,000 ×. The results indicated that the topography of the adherend plays an important role in the formation of an adhesive bond and in the fracture pattern of an adhesive joint, even when cohesive failure is involved.
Efficient State-space Exploration in Massively Parallel Simulation Based Inference (2021)

Simulation-based Inference (SBI) is a widely used set of algorithms to learn the parameters of complex scientific simulation models. While primarily run on CPUs in HPC clusters, these algorithms have been shown to scale in performance when developed to be run on massively parallel architectures such as GPUs. While parallelizing existing SBI algorithms provides us with performance gains, this might not be the most efficient way to utilize the achieved parallelism. This work proposes a new algorithm, that builds on an existing SBI method - Approximate Bayesian Computation with Sequential Monte Carlo(ABC-SMC). This new algorithm is designed to utilize the parallelism not only for performance gain, but also toward qualitative benefits in the learnt parameters. The key idea is to replace the notion of a single 'step-size' hyperparameter, which governs how the state space of parameters is explored during learning, with step-sizes sampled from a tuned Beta distribution. This allows this new ABC-SMC algorithm to more efficiently explore the state-space of the parameters being learnt. We test the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm to learn parameters for an epidemiology model running on a Tesla T4 GPU. Compared to the parallelized state-of-the-art SBI algorithm, we get similar quality results in $\sim 100$x fewer simulations and observe ~80x lower run-to-run variance across 10 independent trials.
Glycogen Synthase Kinase-2 and Phosphorylase Kinase Are the Same Enzyme (1979)

Homogeneous preparations of phosphorylase kinase from rabbit skeletal muscle catalyse a calcium-dependent phosphorylation of glycogen synthase a isolated from the same tissue. The calcium-dependent glycogen synthase kinase activity copurifies with phosphorylase kinase throughout the standard procedure for the isolation of the latter enzyme. At the final step of the purification, gel filtration on Sepharose 4B, the elution profiles for glycogen synthase kinase and phosphorylase kinase activities are identical. ICR/IAn mice, which lack muscle phosphorylase kinase activity, do not contain detectable calcium-dependent glycogen synthase kinase activity. These results indicate that the calcium-dependent phosphorylation of glycogen synthase is catalysed by phosphorylase kinase and not by another calcium-dependent protein kinase that might be contaminating the preparation.



The phosphorylation of glycogen synthase a by phosphorylase kinase reaches a plateau in the range 0.73 ± 0.1 molecules of phosphate incorporated per subunit and is accompanied by a 2-fold decrease in the activity in the absence of glucose 6-phosphate. The phosphorylation takes place on a unique serine residue located seven amino acids from the N-terminus of the polypeptide chain. The amino acid sequence surrounding serine-7 is similar to the amino acid sequence surrounding the phosphoserine in phosphorylase a.



Glycogen synthase kinase-2 is the name given to a protein kinase present as a trace contaminant in highly purified preparations of glycogen synthase [Nimmo, H. G. and Cohen, P. (1974) FEBS Lett. 47, 162–167]. Glycogen synthase kinase-2 also phosphorylates serine-7 exclusively, and evidence is presented which demonstrates that glycogen synthase kinase-2 is merely a modified form of phosphorylase kinase which has lost its ability to be regulated by calcium ions at pH 6.8.



The rate of phosphorylation of glycogen synthase a by phosphorylase kinase is 2–3-fold slower than the rate of phosphorylation of phosphorylase b when identical concentrations of the two protein substrates are used (6 μM). At physiological concentrations of glycogen synthase (0.3 mg/ml) and phosphorylase (8.0 mg/ml), the time required for half-maximal phosphorylation of each enzyme by phosphorylase kinase is similar. These results suggest that the phosphorylation of glycogen synthase by phosphorylase kinase may be physiologically significant, and the implications of these findings are considered.
Laser proton acceleration in a water spray target (2008)

Studies of interaction of a cloud of submicrometer water droplets with ultrashort (40fs) and intense (∼2×1019W∕cm2) laser pulses demonstrate an efficient acceleration of protons and oxygen ions. Due to a high ratio of the volume to the enveloping surface of a single droplet and a large number of droplets in a focal volume, efficient laser pulse absorption is enabled, which provides high electron temperatures and ion acceleration to high energies. The generation of ions with energies more than 1MeV per nucleon is demonstrated. The observed quasi-monoenergetic feature in the proton spectrum is discussed with the thermal expansion–Coulomb explosion model and numerical simulations.
Incidence and preventability of adverse events in the emergency room of an orthopaedic traumatologic surgery unit (1996)

This paper reviews the nature and the frequency of adverse events in the everyday functioning of a French trauma emergency unit, and evaluates the feasibility of their detection by the means of a daily record review. A senior surgeon identified the adverse events by reviewing the complete record with a minimal 6-months follow-up for every patient attending the emergency unit during a 10-week period. To test the reliability of this review, a blind re-review of all records corresponding to the detected adverse events, mixed with an equal number of controls, was carried out by two independent experts. The review of the 2604 records identified 210 medical adverse events, most of them occurring early in the care process. Sixty-seven per cent of the adverse events involved prevention failure, mainly for tetanus but also for thrombosis and rabies. For the other 33% it was possible to determine two situations with a high risk of adverse event: body contusions following a traffic accident and metacarpo-phalangeal thumb sprains. The re-review evaluated the positive predictive value of the initial review to be 97.5% and its negative predictive value to be 96%. It is concluded that the review of the initial record by a single senior is effective in detecting the adverse events. Prevention of two-thirds of them could be possible by the implementation and monitoring of protocols.
Large photoconductive gain in quantum well infrared photodetectors (1990)

We demonstrate for the first time that a quantum well infrared photodetector based on bound-to-continuum state intersubband transitions can have a photoconductive gain much greater than unity similar to extrinsic photoconductors. An optical gain g=8.1 was determined by comparing the optical absorption, responsivity, and noise characteristics of two multiquantum well detectors which were identical in every respect except for having a different number of periods (2 and 20). The results suggest that since the photocarrier lifetime τL is not transit time limited, detector optimization to increase τL or optical coupling can be expected to lead to an improved detectivity D*.
Bioactive hybrid materials for photonic microsysterns (2006)

Bioactive hybrid materials have been produced by the sol-gel method. Antibodies used in this work retained their activity after doping and processing. The developed materials can be used e.g. for optical MEMS applications in diagnostics
Is acyl migration to the aglycon avoidable in 2-acyl assisted glycosylation reactions? (2004)

This report unequivocally separates orthoester formation from acyl transfer for the first time and indicates possible routes to eliminate 2-O-acyl transfer during glycosylation reactions. Experimental evidence is shown that acyl transfer from 2-O-acyl-3,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-D-galactopyranose-derived glycosyl donors decreases in the order formyl &gt; acetyl &gt; pivaloyl. The 2-O-benzoyl derivatives are more variable, in some cases transferring easily, and in others not at all. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the structure and energetics of dioxolenium ion and related intermediates suggest that a proton transfer pathway from the nucleophile to O-2 provides an explanation for the observed trends. These DFT calculations of the proton transfer pathway support a mechanism in which a relay molecule is involved. Further DFT calculations used a constraint based on linear combinations of six bond lengths to establish the sequence of bond breaking and bond forming. The calculated anomeric carbon to former carbonyl oxygen bond that breaks during acyl transfer is the longest in the formyl case and shortest in those that exhibit little or no acyl transfer. Rotation about the aromatic to carbonyl PhC(=O) bond is different from the alkyl series. Analysis of this proposed TS led to the postulate that 2,6-substitution may hinder rotation even more. Thus, the 2,6-dimethylbenzoyl analogue was synthesized and it does not transfer directly or by rearrangement of its readily formed orthoester. DFT calculations suggested that 2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl should also not transfer easily. Experimentally, this proved to be the case and this new 2-O-acyl protecting group cleaves at 50 °C with a 1 mol/L solution of LiOH in methanol. Thus, a calculated transition state has led to a prototype of a protecting group that solves a major problem in oligosaccharide synthesis.Key words: glycosylation, carbohydrates, quantum chemistry, reaction mechanism, neighboring-group effects.
The Effect of the Spacer of Bis(biurea) Ligands on the Structure of A2L3‐type (A=anion) Phosphate Complexes (2014)

By tuning the length and rigidity of the spacer of bis(biurea) ligands L, three structural motifs of the A2 L3 complexes (A represents anion, here orthophosphate PO4 (3-) ), namely helicate, mesocate, and mono-bridged motif, have been assembled by coordination of the ligand to phosphate anion. Crystal structure analysis indicated that in the three complexes, each of the phosphate ions is coordinated by twelve hydrogen bonds from six surrounding urea groups. The anion coordination properties in solution have also been studied. The results further demonstrate the coordination behavior of phosphate ion, which shows strong tendency for coordination saturation and geometrical preference, thus allowing for the assembly of novel anion coordination-based structures as in transition-metal complexes.
Functional analysis of Candida albicans genes encoding SH3-domain-containing proteins (2010)

Postgenomic gene-function analyses with Candida albicans are hindered by its constitutive diploidy and the lack of a sexual cycle. Rapid generation of mutant strains can be achieved using PCR-based techniques for directed gene alterations. Here, we report the analyses of nine C. albicans genes that encode Src Homology 3-domain proteins. Phenotypic analyses included the potential of the mutants to form hyphal filaments, maintain a polarized actin cytoskeleton or the ability to generate large vacuoles in the germ cells and in subapical compartments. The C. albicans homologs of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae BBC1, BOI2, BUD14, FUS1, HSE1, PIN3, RVS167, RVS167-2 and SHO1 were all found to be nonessential. Deletion of RVS167 resulted in a strain with a decreased ability to form hyphal filaments. The number of cortical actin patches was increased in Deltarvs167 strains and their distribution was depolarized in both mother and daughter yeast cells and along the hyphae during filamentous growth stages. Polarization of patches could be restored upon reintroduction of the wild-type gene. Deletion of BOI2 was found to generate a defect in vacuolar fusion in hyphae. In contrast to a deletion in the Deltawal1 gene, Deltaboi2 cells formed abundant hyphae, indicating that fragmented vacuoles do not inhibit filamentation. Placing BOI2 under control of the MAL2-promoter allowed the regulation of this phenotype depending on the growth conditions.
Complete Plastid Genome Sequences of Three Rosids (Castanea, Prunus, Theobroma): Evidence for At Least Two Independent Transfers of rpl22 to the Nucleus (2010)

Functional gene transfer from the plastid to the nucleus is rare among land plants despite evidence that DNA transfer to the nucleus is relatively frequent. During the course of sequencing plastid genomes from representative species from three rosid genera (Castanea, Prunus, Theobroma) and ongoing projects focusing on the Fagaceae and Passifloraceae, we identified putative losses of rpl22 in these two angiosperm families. We further characterized rpl22 from three species of Passiflora and one species of Quercus and identified sequences that likely represent pseudogenes. In Castanea and Quercus, both members of the Fagaceae, we identified a nuclear copy of rpl22, which consisted of two exons separated by an intron. Exon 1 encodes a transit peptide that likely targets the protein product back to the plastid and exon 2 encodes rpl22. We performed phylogenetic analyses of 97 taxa, including 93 angiosperms and four gymnosperm outgroups using alignments of 81 plastid genes to examine the phylogenetic distribution of rpl22 loss and transfer to the nucleus. Our results indicate that within rosids there have been independent transfers of rpl22 to the nucleus in Fabaceae and Fagaceae and a putative third transfer in Passiflora. The high level of sequence divergence between the transit peptides in Fabaceae and Fagaceae strongly suggest that these represent independent transfers. Furthermore, Blast searches did not identify the "donor" genes of the transit peptides, suggesting a de novo origin. We also performed phylogenetic analyses of rpl22 for 87 angiosperms and four gymnosperms, including nuclear-encoded copies for five species of Fabaceae and Fagaceae. The resulting trees indicated that the transfer of rpl22 to the nucleus does not predate the origin of angiosperms as suggested in an earlier study. Using previously published angiosperm divergence time estimates, we suggest that these transfers occurred approximately 56-58, 34-37, and 26-27 Ma for the Fabaceae, Fagaceae, and Passifloraceae, respectively.
An ‘on-demand’ photothermal antibiotic release cryogel patch: evaluation of efficacy on anex vivomodel for skin wound infection (2020)

A myriad of topical therapies and dressings are available to the clinicians for wound healing skin, but only a very few have shown their effectiveness in promoting wound repair due to challenges in controlling drug release. To address this issue, in this work, a near infrared (NIR)-light activable cryogel based on butyl methacrylate (BuMA) and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMEMA) incorporated with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was fabricated. The obtained cryogel provides the required hydrophilicity beneficial for wound treatment. The excellent photo-thermal properties of rGO allow for heating the cryogel, which results in subsequent swelling of the cryogel (CG) followed by release of the encapsulated drug load, cefepime in our case. Without photothermal activation, no release of payload was observed. The potential of this bandage for wound healing was examined using an ex vivo human skin model infected with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Apart from the efficacy of the cryogel based wound healing system, our results also suggest that the ex vivo wound model evaluated here provides a rapid and valuable tool to study superficial skin infections in humans and test the efficacy of antimicrobial agents.
Comparisons of Boll Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Pheromone Traps With and Without Kill Strips (2009)

Boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), eradication programs typically equip pheromone traps with an insecticide-impregnated kill strip. These strips are intended to kill captured insects, thereby simplifying trap servicing and reducing the loss of weevils from predation and escape. However, the effectiveness of kill strips has not been extensively evaluated. We examined the influences of kill strips on weevil captures, trap servicing, and the incidences of weevil predation and trap obstruction (e.g., by spider webs). Evaluations were conducted weekly during three different production periods (pre- to early-, late-, and postseason) of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., to represent different environmental conditions and weevil population levels. Within each period, mean weekly captures of weevils in traps with and without kill strips were statistically similar. On average, traps with kill strips took 9 s longer to service than traps without kill strips, but statistical differences were only detected during the late-season period. Overall, the mean weekly proportion of traps with evidence of weevil predation or trap obstruction was significantly lower for traps with kill strips (0.25) than for traps without kill strips (0.37). However, this reduction in the frequency of weevil predation or trap obstruction was too small to produce a corresponding increase in the numbers of weevils captured. In light of these findings, the use of kill strips is likely unnecessary in eradication programs, but may be a consideration in situations when the numbers of deployed traps are reduced and chronic problems with weevil predation or trap obstruction exist.
Thoracolumbar Spinal Cord Compression Due to Vertebral Process Degenerative Joint Disease in a Family of Shiloh Shepherd Dogs (2003)

Five young Shiloh Shepherd Dogs (4 males and 1 female) related by a common sire were studied because of progressive pelvic limb weakness and incoordination. All dogs had a spastic paraparesis and pelvic limb ataxia consistent with an upper motor neuron and general proprioceptive lesion between spinal cord segments T3 and L3. Proliferative lesions involving one or more of the articular processes from the 11th thoracic vertebrae to the 2nd lumbar vertebra were observed on radiographs of the thoracolumbar vertebrae. Dorsal compression of the spinal cord was identified during imaging studies at these sites. Abnormalities of the synovial joints and bony proliferation of the involved articular processes were identified at postmortem examination in 2 dogs. The articular processes and associated vertebral arches protruded into the vertebral canal, indenting the dorsal surface of the spinalcord. Degenerative joint disease (DJD) was identified histologically. A compressive myelopathy was diagnosed in the spinal cord. These dogs were affected by a compressive myelopathy as a consequence of vertebral process DJD that likely has a geneticcomponent. The DJD could have been caused by a primary vertebral malformation or an injury to the processes at a young age causing malarticulation.
Collagen IV regulates Caco-2 cell spreading and p130Cas phosphorylation by FAK-dependent and FAK-independent pathways (2007)

We previously observed that collagen IV regulates Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cell spreading and migration via Src-dependent p130(Cas) phosphorylation and stimulates focal adhesion kinase (FAK). However, the role of FAK and the related kinase, Pyk2, in Caco-2 spreading and migration is unclear. FAK- or Pyk2-specific siRNAs reduced protein levels by 90%. However, when detached cells were replated on collagen IV neither individual nor combined FAK and Pyk2 siRNAs affected the cell spreading rate. As combined FAK and Pyk2 siRNAs increased p130(Cas) protein levels, we cotransfected cells with 1 nm p130(Cas) siRNA to partially reduce p130(Cas) protein to control levels. Although p130(Cas) Tyr(P)(249) phosphorylation was reduced by 60%, cell spreading was unaffected. Combined siRNA reduction of FAK, Pyk2 and p130(Cas) increased cell spreading by 20% compared to p130(Cas) siRNA alone, suggesting that FAK and Pyk2 negatively regulate spreading in addition to stimulating spreading via p130(Cas). FAK-binding mutant SH3 domain-deleted rat p130(Cas) was not phosphorylated after adhesion and, unlike full-length p130(Cas), did not restore spreading after human-specific p130(Cas) siRNA knockdown of endogenous p130(Cas). Together, these data suggest that FAK positively regulates Caco-2 spreading on collagen IV via p130(Cas) phosphorylation, but also suggests that FAK may negatively regulate spreading through other mechanisms and the presence of additional FAK-independent pathways regulating p130(Cas).