gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modified Posterior Vertebral Column Resection for the Treatment of Osteoporotic Fractures with Neurological Deficits in Elderly Patients (2015)

Introduction The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the results of spinal canal decompression and anterior column support via modified posterior vertebral column resection (PVCR) (Unilateral hemilaminectomy, pediculectomy, subtotal vertebrectomy) performed for eliminating the disadvantages of the anterior or combined A + P approaches, in the management of osteoporotic vertebral fractures with neurological deficits in elderly patients. Patients and Methods A total of 55 patients (40 females and 15 males) with more than 2 years of follow-up were included in this study. The fractures were in the thoracic spine in 16 patients, and thoracolumbar spine in 39 patients. Overall, 11 patients had ASIA grade C and 41 patients had ASIA grade D neurological deficits. Clinical and radiological outcome and complications were also evaluated. Surgical technique included placement of fenestrated titanium pedicle screws, followed by hemilaminectomy, unilateral pediculectomy, and decompression of the spinal canal by subtotal vertebrectomy, and support of anterior column by titanium cage. Contralateral facet joint fusion and grafting was made. Prophylactic vertebroplasties were made in one level above and one level below in all patients. Results Mean age was 74.2 years (range, 66–92), and mean follow-up was 43.5 months (range, 28–102). Mean operation time was 252 minutes (range, 160–340), and blood loss was 580 mL (range, 420–800). Mean preoperative local kyphosis angle was 18.5 degrees and improved to 4.2 degree after the operation and 4.8 degree at the final follow-up. Visual analog scale (VAS) score was eight before the operation and improved to two at final follow-up. Full neurological recovery was achieved in all patients. There were no pseudoarthroses. The major complication was adjacent segment fracture was made three patients (5.4%). The minor complications were superficial wound infections in five patients and dural tear in four patients (16.3%). Conclusion Treatment of osteoporotic vertebral fracture with neurological deficit is a challenging procedure in elderly patients. Modified PVCR provides effective decompression of neural structures. Contralateral intact lamina, pedicle, and cortex of the vertebra increase primary stability and provides more bony surface for fusion.
Oxygen Vacancy‐Engineered Ti−Mo−Ni Ternary Oxide Nanotubes as Binder‐Free Supercapacitor Electrodes with Exceptional Potential Window (2020)

Abstract The charge storage performance of metal oxides as electrochemical supercapacitor electrodes is limited by their poor conductivity and limited operating potential window. Herein, we report on the oxygen‐vacancy engineering of Ti−Mo−Ni−O nanotubes via hydrogen annealing to boost their capacitive performance. Hydrogen treatment of the nanotubes resulted in 110% increase in specific capacitance as compared to the air‐annealed counterpart with excellent stability over 3700 cycles and an exceptional capacitance retention of 99%. The observed enhancement can be ascribed to the faradaic capacitance contribution from the several redox pairs of Nickel, Molybdenum, and Ti 3+ . This was further confirmed via the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements, revealing a drastic decrease in the internal resistance upon hydrogen treatment. We hope our demonstrated two‐step interfacial engineering opens a new strategy to design high performance electrode materials for advanced electrochemical supercapacitors.
The prevalence and clinical implications of c‐kit expression in plasma cell myeloma (2006)

Our findings suggest that immunohistochemistry is a reliable indicator of c-kit gene expression and reinforce the notion that approximately one-third of PCM express high levels of c-kit. The lack of association with traditional clinicopathological parameters and patient survival suggests that c-kit expression may not be an adjunct in predicting the clinical course of the disease.
Moment method analysis of finite rectangular waveguide phased arrays (1982)

A method of moments formulation for small finite planar phased arrays of rectangular waveguides in an infinite ground plane is investigated. Piecewise sinusoidal-uniform surface patches are used as the basis and testing functions for the unknown equivalent magnetic currents of each aperture. The block-Toeplitz symmetry property for rectangular grid arrays is utilized in the solution of the system of equations. Data are presented for <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11 \times 11</tex> arrays with various element sizes, element spacings, and scan angles. Good agreement with data in the literature is shown. The analysis is particularly efficient for <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">E</tex> - plane and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">H</tex> -plane scans for arrays having rectangular waveguide-fed apertures excited by the dominant mode.
Measurement of Soot Surface Growth Kinetics (2008)

Surface growth is one of the major steps in the soot formation processes where most of the total mass is formed. Freshly generated soot from an ethylene diffusion flame was sampled and mixed with ethylene in a flow tube at elevated temperatures and using nitrogen as the carrier gas. The changes in the size of the soot particles after hydrocarbon addition were measured using a differential mobility analyzer. These measurements showed a significant mass increase of soot particles as a result of the hydrocarbon addition where the total number density remained the same. Soot surface growth kinetics were obtained from the changes in the size, surface area and volume distributions. The activation energy (Ea) for ethylene was obtained. Pure pyrolysis experiments for ethylene were also performed. The surface growth process yield was found to be higher than the yield of the pyrolysis process.
Pediatric Thyroid Cancer: Postoperative Classifications and Response to Initial Therapy as Prognostic Factors (2016)

Our data confirm that the postoperative pediatric ATA stratification system and the novel SCMCI score are suitable for predicting the risk of recurrent/persistent disease in this population. The response to initial therapy classification performed 1-2 years after the initial therapy may be more appropriate for guiding surveillance recommendations.
<title>Systematic color vision model: its applications to electronic imaging</title> (1996)

The systematic color vision model is a comprehensive model based on both the zone theory and the retinex theory. This model merges these two theories by a hypothesis of systematic negative feedback control (SNFC) for the human visual system. The SNFC includes two loops: an absolute negative feedback loop which controls the absolute light sensitivities of the cone photoreceptors for achromatic adaptation, and a relative negative feedback loop which controls the relative light sensitivities for chromatic adaptation. Under SNFC the three types of cone photoreceptors have independent light sensitivities. They function as the retinexes in the retinex theory. The color vision signals are processed zone by zone as assumed by the zone theory. This model also provides a color calculation algorithm and a visual processing framework for the first two zones. This algorithm is based on the von Kries coefficient law and the spectral sensitivities of the three types of cone photoreceptors. Since this algorithm omits the transformation from RGB to XYZ, color modeling for an electronic imaging system becomes easy and accurate. Potential errors of color calculation caused by using the CIE color-matching functions, such as abnormal hue-angle change, can also be avoided.
Passive ranging using image expansion (1995)

This paper describes a new technique for passive ranging which is of special interest in areas such as covert nap-of-the-Earth helicopter flight and spacecraft landing. This technique is based on the expansion experienced by the image-plane projection of an object as its distance from the sensor decreases. The motion and shape of a small window, assumed to fall inside the boundaries of some object, is approximated by an affine transformation. The parameters of the transformation matrix (expansion, rotation and translation) are derived by initially comparing successive images, and progressively increasing the image time separation. This yields a more favorable geometry for triangulation (larger baseline) than is currently possible. Depth is directly derived from the expansion part of the transformation, and its accuracy is proportional to the baseline length.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
PantheonRL: A MARL Library for Dynamic Training Interactions (2022)

We present PantheonRL, a multiagent reinforcement learning software package for dynamic training interactions such as round-robin, adaptive, and ad-hoc training. Our package is designed around flexible agent objects that can be easily configured to support different training interactions, and handles fully general multiagent environments with mixed rewards and n agents. Built on top of StableBaselines3, our package works directly with existing powerful deep RL algorithms. Finally, PantheonRL comes with an intuitive yet functional web user interface for configuring experiments and launching multiple asynchronous jobs. Our package can be found at https://github.com/Stanford-ILIAD/PantheonRL.
Breast cancer : molecular genetics, pathogenesis, and therapeutics (1999)

In Breast Cancer: Molecualr Genetics, Pathogenesis, and Therapeutics, Anne Bowcock has brought together many leading authorities to create today's leading state-of-the-art summary of breast cancer research and treatment. The book's many distinguished contributors illuminate the biology and genetics of breast cancer, including what is known about the hereditary breast cancer genes, BRCA1 and 2, the cutting-edge cytogenic approaches, and the biology of breast cancer metastasis. In addition, the authors describe current and future methods of breast cancer treatment in depth, and discuss environment and diet as risk factors for the disease. Constituting an excellent reference and resource for all clinical and experimental oncologists as well as those genetic counselors and nurses who need to understand the latest developments in breast cancer biology, risk, and treatment, Breast Cancer: Molecualr Genetics, Pathogenesis, and Therapeutics will broaden their knowledge of the disease and permit them to focus on the critical questions that still need to be answered
A Bayesian analysis of Compressive Sensing data recovery in Wireless Sensor Networks (2009)

In this paper we address the task of accurately reconstructing a distributed signal through the collection of a small number of samples at a data gathering point using compressive sensing (CS) in conjunction with principal component analysis (PCA). Our scheme compresses in a distributed way real world non-stationary signals, recovering them at the data collection point through the online estimation of their spatial/temporal correlation structures. The proposed technique is hereby characterized under the framework of Bayesian estimation, showing under which assumptions it is equivalent to optimal maximum a posteriori (MAP) recovery. As the main contribution of this paper, we proceed with the analysis of data collected by our indoor wireless sensor network (WSN) testbed, proving that these assumptions hold with good accuracy in the considered real world scenarios. This provides empirical evidence of the effectiveness of our approach and proves that CS is a legitimate tool for the recovery of real-world signals in WSNs.
Control of Excimer Emission and Photochemistry of Stilbene Units by Oligonucleotide Hybridization (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTControl of Excimer Emission and Photochemistry of Stilbene Units by Oligonucleotide HybridizationRobert L. Letsinger and Taifeng WuCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 2, 811–812Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00081a069https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00081a069research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views284Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fixed-dose combination of pioglitazone and glimepiride in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (2007)

Type 2 diabetes is characterized by impaired insulin sensitivity and disturbances in β-cell function. While glimepiride stimulates β-cell secretion and leads to a reduction of blood glucose levels, pioglitazone activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ and improves insulin resistance. Combining these two modes of action has been shown to improve glucose and lipid metabolism, and to improve the overall cardiovascular risk in patients with Type 2 diabetes. The combination of glimepiride and pioglitazone is generally well tolerated and a fixed combination may lead to an improved compliance in patients. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the clinical data that has been published on this combination, appearing to represent a convenient way to obtain therapeutic targets in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
GENUINE SETS, VARIOUS KINDS OF FUZZY SETS AND FUZZY ROUGH SETS (2003)

In this paper, deriving the type-m fuzzy sets, intuitionistic fuzzy sets, Φ-fuzzy sets, rough sets, fuzzy rough sets and rough fuzzy sets as particular genuine sets, and establishing their connections with genuine sets, it is demonstrated that the theory of genuine sets provides a powerful tool to model various different kinds of uncertainty in a mathematical way. Furthermore, it is also shown that the genuine set theoretic descriptions of type-m fuzzy sets, intuitionistic fuzzy sets and fuzzy rough sets point out new features of these set notations, originated from the peculiar characteristics of genuine sets.
Continuous radiation working-level detectors. Information Circular/1985 (1985)

The Bureau of Mines has used gross alpha and gross beta detectors to continuously measure radiation working levels for a number of years. During this time, improvements have been made in the design and performance of continuous working-level (CWL) detectors. This report discusses the improved designs and some of the operating principles and applications of CWL detectors in the measurement of radon daughter products in mines and dwellings.
Microvascular Reconstruction of a Full Thickness Scalp and Skull Defect following Herpes Zoster Infection (1996)

Herpes zoster is a common infection caused by reactivation of the varicella zoster virus. In most patients the disease runs a painful but benign course with complete recovery. A unique case of trigeminal ophthalmic herpes zoster presented to The Toronto Hospital, Toronto, Ontario. This patient had a unilateral full thickness defect of scalp and skull with secondary osteomyelitis and opacification of the eye. After appropriate medical therapy and surgical debridement, reconstruction was undertaken using a latissimus dorsi free flap and split thickness skin grafts. This achieved a satisfactory reconstruction with obliteration of the diseased tissue. On follow-up several months later, there was erosion through the central area of the skin graft. This appears to be secondary to trauma caused by the patient frequently scratching the area, and that the original defect likely had a factitious component of the same etiology.
Microdissection of chromosome band 11 p 15.5: Characterization of probes mapping distal to the HBBC locus (1991)

Both cytogenetic and molecular genetic analyses of the 11p15.5 subband suggest it may contain loci important in the genesis of a wide variety of tumors such as rhabdomyosarcomas and Wilms' tumors as well as the congenital tumors associated with the Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. As a first step in further defining the involvement of this chromosomal region in these various maladies, a library was constructed from the specific microdissection of chromosomal fragments representing 11p15.5-pter. Of 98 microclones analyzed, 31 identified single copy human DNA sequences, 21 of which mapped to 11p15.5 while 10 mapped proximal to the HBBC locus. Five of the 11p15.5-positioned microprobes detected restriction fragment length polymorphisms at their homologous genomic loci for various enzymes. These microprobes are now being utilized in several ways in order to address the underlying basis of the Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and its associated tumors.
Characterization of an alcohol addiction‐prone phenotype in mice (2011)

Human studies indicate that high impulsivity, novelty seeking and anxiety predispose individuals to alcohol abuse. Unclear, however, is whether the same phenotypes can be observed in laboratory animals prone to uncontrolled alcohol drinking. To characterize a novelty-seeking trait, anxiety, impulsivity, compulsivity and the motivation for natural rewards in mice, numerous tests were performed in the automated IntelliCage learning system. The same mice then had extended access to alcohol for 70 days, followed by the evaluation of addiction-like behaviors, including (1) the motivation for alcohol in a progressive-ratio schedule of reinforcement; (2) persistent and compulsive alcohol seeking and taking during signaled 'no alcohol' periods and (3) when subjected to punishment; and (4) the intensity of relapse after alcohol withdrawal. Our data suggest that high levels of anxiety-related traits (i.e. low novelty seeking, low resistance to punishment and a high level of compulsive behaviors) and high impulsivity predict addiction-like alcohol drinking in mice. Future studies are, however, warranted to create a valid model of alcohol addiction in mice in the IntelliCage system.
A Knowledge Networking Approach for AI-driven Roundabout Risk Assessment (2022)

Smart applications in vehicular networks, such as highly-automated driving, require knowledge to support complex decision making which is highly dependent on the current driving context, for example, through machine learning based object recognition. Unlike information, the pertinence of a knowledge model depends on its context of use, rather than its date of creation. In turn, the existing information sharing mechanisms in vehicular networks, optimized for fast information delivery, must be adapted to support rich contextual queries, and let vehicles discover the right knowledge for the right context. Moreover, networking of knowledge models has the potential to alleviate the redundant transmission and computation of similar information. Through a case of vehicle exit probability knowledge distribution in a roundabout, we show the impact and potential of a context-based dissemination of knowledge in terms of accuracy, delay, and overhead compared to context-agnostic approaches.
Regulatory CD4+CD25+ T Cells Prevent Thymic Dysfunction in Experimental Chronic Colitis (2007)

Chronic colitis in T-cell deficient Tg epsilon26 mice develops due to a dysfunction of the thymus which generates colitogenic T cells after bone marrow (BM) transplantation. Regulatory CD4+ CD25+ T cells have been shown to prevent colitis in this model by normalizing the peripheral T-cell pool. We tested the hypothesis that T-cell normalization takes place in the thymus. Tg epsilon26 mice were transplanted with BM (BM-->Tg epsilon26 mice) and consequently received either CD4+ CD25+ or CD4+ CD25- cells from syngenic wild type mice. Furthermore, untransplanted Tg epsilon26 mice received CD4+ CD25+ or CD4+ CD25- cells or complete mesenteric lymph node cells. Transfer of regulatory. CD4+ CD25+ cells normalized the total number of thymocytes and the percentage and number of double positive CD4+ CD8+ cells in transplanted mice while percentage of single positive CD4+ and CD8+ thymocytes in BM-->Tg epsilon26 mice was reduced upon CD4+ CD25+ transfer. Timing of CD4+ CD25+ cell injection was important as transfer later than 7 days after BM transplantation failed to prevent abnormal thymic T-cell distribution in BM-->Tg epsilon26 mice. Isolated CD4+ CD25+ cell transfer without preceding BM transplantation failed to reconstitute thymic architecture. Differences of thymic cell composition could not be exclusively explained by presence or absence of colitis, respectively, because 19 days after BM transplantation when both groups showed no histological signs of colitis, animals transferred with CD4+ CD25+ T cells had a significantly higher percentage and number of CD4+ CD25+ thymocytes and CD4+ Foxp3+ cells than BM-->Tg epsilon26 mice. In conclusion, early CD4+ CD25+ cotransfer prevents thymic dysfunction which underlies immune-mediated bowel inflammation in BM-->Tg epsilon26 mice.
Preformulation studies of EFdA, a novel nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor for HIV prevention (2013)

4'-Ethynyl-2-fluoro-2'-deoxyadenosine (EFdA) is a novel nucleoside analog of great interest because of its superior activity against wild-type and multidrug-resistant HIV-1 strains, and favorable safety profiles in vitro and in vivo. The aim of this work was to provide preformulation information of EFdA important for delivery system development. A simple, accurate and specific reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method with UV detection was developed for quantification of EFdA. In addition, physicochemical characterizations including pH solubility profile, octanol/water partition coefficient (Log Po/w), DSC analysis, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and stability studies under various conditions were conducted. EFdA existed in planar or flake shape, with a melting point of ∼130 °C, and had a pH dependent solubility. The log Po/w value of EFdA was -1.19. The compound was stable upon exposure to pH levels from 3 to 9 and showed good stability at elevated temperature (65 °C). In vitro cytotoxicity assessments were performed in two different epithelial cell lines. In cell-based studies, the EFdA selectivity index (50% cytotoxic concentration [CC50] values/50% effective concentration [EC50]) was found to be greater than 1 × 10(3). Permeability studies using cell- and tissue-based models showed that EFdA had an apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) <1 × 10(-6)cm/s and that the paracelluar pathway was the dominant transport route for EFdA. Overall, EFdA possesses favorable characteristics for further formulation development.