gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
868. Prospective Pathogen Detection in Patients With Central Nervous System Inflammation Using Metagenomic Sequencing (2018)

Abstract Background Metagenomic sequencing can identify pathogens in patients with central nervous system (CNS) inflammation, who often have no diagnosis achieved despite extensive clinical testing. Methods This prospective study enrolled patients with CNS inflammation at a tertiary hospital from 2016 to 2017. Total nucleic acid was extracted from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Libraries were constructed by random primer cDNA synthesis from RNA, and Nextera XT preparation from both cDNA and DNA. Sequencing was performed on an Illumina platform. Reads from human and environmental contaminants were removed. Metagenomic analysis was performed with Kraken and confirmed with viral-ngs. The Institutional Review Board approved the study, and informed consent was obtained. Results Of 68 subjects enrolled, 63% were men and 84% were white. The median age was 58 years. The median CSF pleocytosis was 80 cells/mm3 [IQR 17–132]. A median of 2.4 million RNA and 6.8 million DNA sequencing reads were generated per sample. Twenty-five subjects had no diagnosis achieved by routine clinical testing; metagenomic sequencing identified enterovirus in 2 of these subjects, and no pathogen in 23. Thirty-six subjects were clinically diagnosed with an infection. In 12 of these, pathogen nucleic acid was detected in CSF by clinical polymerase chain reaction (PCR); metagenomic sequencing detected the expected pathogen in 10 subjects (83%). The other 24 subjects were clinically diagnosed with infection by serology or PCR from blood. Among these, metagenomic sequencing detected the CSF presence of HIV and locally important tick-borne pathogens Powassan virus, Borrelia burgdorferi, and Anaplasma phagocytophilum. Four subjects with West Nile Virus (WNV) infection did not have WNV RNA detected in CSF by sequencing or clinical PCR testing. Among 7 subjects diagnosed with malignancy or autoimmune disease, no pathogens were detected by metagenomic sequencing. Conclusion When applied broadly to patients with CNS inflammation, metagenomic sequencing identified known and unexpected pathogens in CSF, including emerging tick-borne pathogens, highlighting its potential as a diagnostic tool. Patients in whom no pathogen nucleic acid was detected could have had an infection with low pathogen burden or short duration in CSF, or a noninfectious syndrome. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
Breaking down the delta wing vortex: The role of vorticity in the breakdown process (1990)

Experimental x-wire measurements of the flowfield above a 70 and 75 deg flat plate delta wing were performed at a Reynolds number of 250,000. Grids were taken normal to the wing at various chordwise locations for angles of attack of 20 and 30 deg. Axial and azimuthal vorticity distributions were derived from the velocity fields. The dependence of circulation on distance from the vortex core and on chordwise location was also examined. The effects of nondimensionalization in comparison with other experimental data is made. The results indicate that the circulation distribution scales with the local semispan and grows in a nearly linear fashion in the chordwise direction. The spanwise distribution of axial vorticity is severely altered through the breakdown. The axial vorticity components with a negative sense, such as that found in the secondary vortex, seem to remain unaffected by changes in wind sweep or angle of attack, in direct contrast to the positive components. In addition, the inclusion of the local wing geometry into a previously derived correlation parameter allows the circulation of growing leading edge vortex flows to be reduced into a single curve.
An alternative mobility aid for the blind: the 'ultrasonic cane' (2002)

A design of a small portable electronic cane utilizing Polaroid's Ultrasonic Ranging Unit intended to supplement or replace the traditional long cane is presented. A prototype was fitted in a flashlight-like enclosure made of a PVC tube with an external battery pack as power supply and an ear-plug, for the audible output. Preliminary testing of the prototype with two blind individuals shows that some minor circuit adjustments for filter response time and audible output frequency range had to be made. Other than that, after a brief training period, blind people could get around easily using the device. Some problems still occur when people encounter staircases, which can be circumvented if a long cane is used in conjunction with the ultrasonic cane or if a more extensive training period is administered. In general, the initial results indicate that the users found that their perception of their environment was enhanced by using the ultrasonic cane.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Synthesis of a Photoresponsive Liquid‐Crystalline Polymer Containing Azobenzene (2009)

The synthesis of an oriented liquid-crystalline photoresponsive polymer, prepared by polymerization of mono- and di-acrylates, both of which contain azobenzene chromophores, is reported. The prepared free-standing polymer film shows strong reversible photoinduced deformation upon exposure to unpolarized UV light at 366 nm, as a result of an optically induced isomeric change of the azobenzene moieties in the polymer network. The synthesis process is relatively simple and more efficient compared to conventional ones, and can be used to synthesize other liquid-crystalline photoresponsive polymers. The use of this photoresponsive polymer film as an optical high-pass/low-pass switch under UV or natural light irradiation for a laser beam is demonstrated. This photoresponsive polymer may have applications in robotic systems, artificial muscles, and actuators in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and labs on chips.
Optical cross-connect circuit using hitless wavelength selective switch (2008)

We have proposed and demonstrated the basic elements of a full matrix optical switching circuit (cross-connect circuit) using a hitless wavelength selective switch (WSS). The cross-connect circuits are made of a multi-wavelength channel selective switch consisting of cascaded hitless WSSs, and a multi-port switch. These switching elements are realized through the individual Thermo-Optic (TO) tuning of a series-coupled microring resonator, and can switch arbitrary wavelength channels without blocking other wavelength channels during tuning. We demonstrate a four wavelength selective switch using a parallel topology of double series coupled microring resonators and a three wavelength selective switch using a parallel topology of quadruple series coupled microring resonators. Since the spectrum shape of quadruple series coupled microring is much more box-like than the double series, a high extinction ratio of 39.0-46.6 dB and low switching cross talk of 19.3-24.5 dB were achieved.
Prophenin‐1, an exceptionally proline‐rich antimicrobial peptide from porcine leukocytes (1995)

We purified and characterized an unusual antimicrobial peptide, prophenin-1 (PF-1), from porcine leukocytes. The peptide had a mass of 8,683 and contained 79 residues, including 42 (53.2%) prolines and 15 (19.0%) phenylalanines. Its N-terminal 60 residues consisted of three perfect and three nearly perfect repeats of a decamer, FPPPNFPGPR. Prophenin-1 was encoded on a cathelin-containing precursor and showed substantially more activity against E. coli, a Gram-negative bacterium, than against Listeria monocytogenes, a Gram-positive organism, in vitro.
Multiple spectral window mirrors based on Fibonacci chains of dielectric layers and applications (2010)

The unique properties of one-dimensional (1D) Fibonacci chains of dielectric layers are experimentally demonstrated and exploited for the design of new mirrors with multiple reflection spectral windows. The new mirror structures are simple, straightforward to make and enable a wide variety of multiple spectral window device performance to be achieved. By changing the thickness of the layers or the order of the Fibonacci chain, tens or even hundreds of windows can be obtained with the same approximate reflectivity over a very broad spectral region. These mirrors have numerous applications in photonics and optoelectronics.
Coalition Command and Control: Peace Operations (1994)

Abstract : Peace operations differ in significant ways from traditional combat missions. As a result of these unique characteristics, command arrangements become far more complex. The stress on command and control arrangements and systems is further exacerbated by the mission's increased political sensitivity. Current JTF headquarters need to be augmented in a number of different ways to make them more effective in a coalition peace operations environment.
Integrated optimum design of structure and servosystem with dynamic compensator (1996)

Approaches for optimum design of structure and servosystem to achieve high speed positioning and stability are developed in this paper. Both the structural optimization considering controllability and the integrated optimum design of structure and servosystem are discussed to realize the desired properties of the closed-loop system. This paper considers two types of the servosystem, namely one is composed of dynamic compensator for single input and single output system, and the other is composed of LQI control system. The desired frequency characteristics of the servosystem are achieved by the integrated optimization of structure and dynamic compensator. The integrated optimization of structure and LQI control system can improve the time history response of the closed-loop system. Furthermore, assuring the stability against the high order modes of the structure is satisfied by the integrated optimizations. Simulation and experimental results with a simplified positioning device show the effectiveness and the practicability of the proposed approaches.
Comparison of soymilk, powdered milk, Hank’s balanced salt solution and tap water on periodontal ligament cell survival (2011)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of soymilk, powdered milk, and Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS) to maintain human periodontal ligament (PDL) cell viability in vitro. PDL cells were obtained from extracted healthy third molars and cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagles medium (DMEM). The cultures were exposed for 1, 2, 4, and 8 h to experimental solutions (tap water served as negative control and DMEM as positive control) at 37°C. The viable cells were then counted using the trypan blue exclusion technique. Data were analyzed by using one-way anova, post hoc Scheffe and two-way anova test. Statistical analysis showed that HBSS, powdered baby formula, and soymilk maintain cell viability equally well in different periods of times. Tap water cannot keep cells viable as well as other solutions. Soymilk and powdered baby formula can be recommended as suitable storage media for avulsed teeth for up to 8 h.
A buffer distribution algorithm for high-performance clock net optimization (1995)

We propose a new approach for optimizing clock trees, especially for high-speed circuits. Our approach provides a useful guideline to a designer, by user-specified parameters, and three of these tradeoffs are provided in this paper. (1) First, to provide a "good" tradeoff between skew and wire length, a new clock tree routing scheme is proposed. The technique is based on a combination of hierarchical bottom-up geometric matching and minimum rectilinear Steiner tree. Our experiments complement the theoretical results. (2) For high-speed clock distribution in the transmission line mode (e.g., multichip modules) where interconnection delay dominates the clock delay, buffer congestion might exist in a layout. Using many buffers in a small wiring area results in substantial interline crosstalks as well as wirability, when the elongation of the imbalanced subtrees is necessary. Placing buffers evenly (locally or globally) over the plane at the minimum impact on wire length increase helps avoid buffer congestion and results in less crosstalk between clock wires. Thus, an effective technique for buffer distribution is proposed. Experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms. (3) Finally, a postprocessing step constraining on phase-delay is also proposed. The technique is based on a combination of hierarchical bottom-up geometric matching and bounded radius minimum spanning tree. The proposed algorithm has an important application in MCM clock net synthesis as well as VLSI clock net synthesis.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Motion Characteristic of the Normal Lumbar Spine in Young Adults (1990)

To determine the motion characteristic of the normal lumbar spine, 61 of 612 optimal radiographs of healthy young Japanese adults in the neutral erect, active maximum flexion and maximum extension positions were carefully selected. The coordinates of the instantaneous axis of rotation (IAR) and vertebral center from L1 to L5 vertebra were analyzed. The directional shifts in IAR in the x-axis and the y-axis closely reflected translational and rotational movements of the vertebra. The IAR showed qualitative values with very large, 95%, probability ellipses in the normal lumbar spine. Analysis of coordinates of the vertebral center provided quantitative data of the extension-to-flexion motion of each vertebra. In extension-to-flexion motion, the L4 vertebra showed a translation-predominant motion characteristic. The L5 vertebra had a rotation-predominant motion characteristic. The patterns of motion of the L1-L4 vertebrae were correlated to the intervertebral disc height and the inclination angle of the facet joint. The L5 vertebra alone showed some specific patterns suggestive of the involvement of a separate ligamentous stabilizer, the iliolumbar ligaments, which reduces translation.
Fuzzy control of four-point leveling system of isothermal forging hydraulic press (2012)

This paper studies the four-point leveling system of isothermal forging hydraulic presses. A multi-input and multi-output nonlinear model is established on the basis of analyzing its hydraulic structure and block kinematics. A cascade control structure is designed for the system. For the four corner cylinders, a fuzzy controller in the outer loop gives desired pressure for the inner loop according to the speed error and synchronization error; in the inner loop, the cylinder pressure is controlled using PD method. For the central cylinder, a PID controller in the outer loop gives desired pressure for the inner loop according to the average speed error; in the inner loop, the cylinder pressure is controlled using PD method. Simulation in Matlab shows that the designed control method has a good speed tracking and synchronization effect.
Composable and Persistent-State Application Swapping on FPGAs Using Hardwired Network on Chip (2009)

We envision that future FPGA will use a hardwired network on chip (HWNoC) as a unified interconnect for functional communications (data and control) as well as configuration (bitstream for soft IPs). In this paper we present a reconfiguration methodology which makes use of such a platform to realize composable inter-application communication and persistent-state intra-application when run-time partial reconfiguration is performed. The proposed methodology also ensures that the required performance constraints of the dynamically swapped in application are fulfilled. We describe the approach and steps required to achieve the above objectives. We model the application dynamic swapping behavior in cycle-accurate transaction-level SystemC which includes bitstream loading, HWNoC programming, clocking, reset, computation.
Improper Gaussian Signaling for Broadcast Interference Networks (2019)

For a multi-user multi-cell network, which suffers both intra-cell and inter-cell interference, this letter considers improper Gaussian signaling (IGS) as a means to improve the achievable rate. The problem of interest is designing of improper Gaussian signals' augmented covariance matrices to maximize the users' minimum rate subject to transmit power constraints. This problem is seen as a nonconvex matrix optimization problem, which cannot be solved by conventional techniques, such as weighted minimum mean square error minimization or alternating optimization. A path-following algorithm, which iterates a sequence of improved feasible points, is proposed for its computation. The provided simulation results for three cells serving 18 users show that IGS offers a much better max-min rate compared with that achieved by conventional proper Gaussian signaling. Another problem of maximizing the energy efficiency in IGS is also considered.
<title>Online industrial thermography of die casting tooling using dual-wavelength IR imaging</title> (1998)

Recent advances in IR system technology coupled with significant reduction sin cost are making thermography a viable tool for on-line monitoring of industrial processes. This paper describes the implementation of a novel rugged thermal imaging system based on a dual-wavelength technique for a large intelligent process monitoring project. The objective of the portion described herein is to deploy a non-contact means of monitoring die cast tooling surface thermal conditions and analyzing the data in the context of the process monitor. The technical and practical challenges of developing such a non-contact thermal measurement system for continuous inspection in an industrial environment are discussed, and methods of resolving them are presented. These challenges include implementation of a wavelength filter system for quantitative determination of the surface temperature. Additionally, emissivity variations of the tooling surface as well as IR reflections are discussed. The primary issues that are addressed, however, are compensation for ambient temperature conditions and optimization of the calibration process. Other issues center on remote camera control, image acquisition, data synchronization, and data interpretation. An example application of this system, along with in-plant images and thermal data, is described.
An enhancement of ER-fluid variable damper for semiactive vibration suppression (1998)

This paper proposes and investigates a method to enhance ER-fluid variable dampers for semiactive vibration suppression. The ER-fluid dampers studied in this paper can be modeled as a variable friction damper. The friction in the damper is an increasing function of the absolute value of the voltage applied to the electrode of the damper. Generally, the friction is not zero even when no voltage is applied. Semiactive vibration suppression is to control the friction such that vibrations damp quickly. Therefore, to suppress large amplitude vibrations to small amplitude, the friction needs to be varied through a large range. In other word, the ratio of the maximum and minimum values of the frictional force needs to be large. To increase the ratio by decreasing the minimum frictional force, this paper proposes to excite a high-frequency vibration of the electrode. The effectiveness of the electrode vibration for the reduction of the minimum frictional force is demonstrated in this paper by both static experiments and semiactive vibration suppression experiments. The results of semiactive vibration suppression experiments indicate that the minimum frictional force is reduced by the electrode vibration by factor of 1/3 - 1/2.
Measurement of morphing wing deflection by a cross-coherence fiber optic interferometric technique (2017)

A fiber-optic interferometric technique aimed at measuring the deflection of aircrafts' morphing wings is presented. The wing deflection induces a strain in the sensing fiber optic coils that are firmly fixed onto the wing. A change of the phase angle of the light propagating through the fiber is measured by an 'all-in-fiber' Michelson interferometer based on a 3 × 3 fiber-optic coupler. Two light sources of different coherence lengths and wavelengths are simultaneously used to ensure a wide measurement range and high accuracy. A new technique for determination of the zero deflection point using the cross-correlation of the two interferograms is proposed. The experiments performed on a specimen made of a carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic honeycomb structure demonstrated a relative uncertainty <1% and a precision of about 0.06° in the measuring range ±5° of the morphing wing deflection.
Field Testing (2010)

Field TestingIf you think fishing stories can get carried away, electrooptical ͑EO͒ field testing stories do not take a back seat.During infrared system night testing in Nettuno, Italy, I personally saw a wild boar chase a colleague to the point that she fell down and broke her collar bone.At another field test in Huntsville, Alabama, I saw a co-op student get three days off without pay for kicking solid rocket fuel remnants with his cowboy boots.This occurred after an ultraviolet sensor test on a booster rocket that exploded on a static test stand ͑it was not supposed to͒.I have a love-hate relationship with EO field testing.I love the excitement of actually measuring phenomenology or EO system performance in the field.I hate freezing, baking, and the boredom of long hours between tests in the middle of the night and in the middle of nowhere.All told, I have measured targeting system performance, atmospheric and smoke transmission, turbulence levels, target signatures, infrared band comparisons, source quantities, seeker performance ͑captive and flight tests͒, rocket emissions, and even dirt emission characteristics.Recently, I noticed a young engineer in charge of a field test and he was very nervous about the test.He told me that he really wanted to do well and felt he had been given great responsibility and trust by his superiors.He was having trouble sleeping at night getting ready for the test.Typically, these tests are very expensive and the results may drive contract decisions in the tens of millions to hundreds of millions of dollars.I gave him some advice that I called ''rules of field testing'' and they are:
Achievable regions in the bias-variance plane for parametric estimation problems (2002)

We use the uniform Cramer-Rao (CR) lower bound to generate bias-variance tradeoff curves which separate achievable from unachievable regions in the estimator bias variance plane.
Stamp printing of silicon-nanomembrane-based photonic devices onto flexible substrates with a suspended configuration (2012)

In this Letter, we demonstrate for the first time (to our best knowledge) stamp printing of silicon nanomembrane (SiNM)-based in-plane photonic devices onto a flexible substrate using a modified transfer printing method that utilizes a suspended configuration, which can adjust the adhesion between the released SiNM and the "handle" silicon wafer. With this method, 230 nm thick, 30 μm wide, and up to 5.7 cm long SiNM-based waveguides are transferred to flexible Kapton films with >90% transfer yield. The propagation loss of the transferred waveguides is measured to be ~1.1 dB/cm. Scalability of this approach to transfer intricate structures, such as photonic crystal waveguides and multimode interference couplers with a minimum feature size of 200 nm and 2 μm, respectively, is also demonstrated.