gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MONITORING BLOOD DONORS FOR HIV‐2 INFECTION BY TESTING ANTI‐HIV‐1 REACTIVE SERA (1990)

Anti-HIV-1 EIA tests currently used for screening blood donors in the United States are estimated to detect 55 to 91% of HIV-2 infections; Western blots for HIV-1 antibodies may be positive, negative or indeterminate with HIV-2-positive sera. We reasoned that we could exploit the cross-reactivity of the anti-HIV-1 EIA as a means to monitor the blood supply for the appearance of HIV-2 infected or co-infected persons, and thus decide if and when routine HIV-2 screening should be adopted. We tested 913 anti-HIV-1-reactive donor sera using an anti-HIV-2 screening EIA, with confirmation by an anti-HIV-2 env-peptide EIA and an anti-HIV-2 Western blot. These 913 sera were derived from anti-HIV-1 screening of approximately 242,000 donations over a three year period. No HIV-2 infections were identified. This approach may warrant adoption in blood centers serving populations with persons from countries where HIV-2 is prevalent.
Confocal Raman microscopy: how to correct depth profiles considering diffraction and refraction effects (2007)

Abstract A new approach to obtain corrected depth profiles by confocal Raman microscopy, which considers diffraction and refraction effects is presented. The problem of diffraction effects encountered intrinsically in the confocal configuration can be described using a linear Fredholm integral equation of the first kind, which correlates apparent and true Raman intensities with the depth resolution curve of the instrument. Refractive index differences between air and the polymer sample, which cause further errors in the obtained depth profile due to strong aberration effects have been considered. This has been carried out using an empirical variation of the depth resolution function, which is able to simulate the broadening of the depth of focus with depth and also the discrepancy between nominal and measured depth scales. It is shown that considerable differences between apparent and corrected depth profiles exist at the surface and that these depend on the gradient of the profile and the depth resolution of the Raman microscope. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Modeling the Lorentzian magnetic recording channel with transition noise (2001)

This paper derives closed-form expressions for modeling a magnetic recording channel with transition noise. The closed-form expressions assume matched filtering, a Lorentzian transition response, and a first-order position jitter and width variation model. The result is a model that is straightforward and easy to use for simulation and analytical purposes. From the model, equations are derived for partial response targets of constrained length that minimize mean squared error in the presence of transition noise. Simulation results for the resulting targets in various transition noise environments are also included, along with a discussion of the results.
Subcellular localization of DNA-binding protein BA by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy (1979)

Nonhistone protein BA has been shown to decrease in amount in the chromatin of growth- stimulated normal rat liver (Yeoman et al. 1975. Cancer Res. 35:1249-1255) and in mitogen-stimulated normal human lymphocytes (Yeoman et al. 1976. Exp. Cell Res. 100:47- 55.). Subsequently, protein BA was purified and was shown to prefer to bind to double- stranded A-T-rich DNAs (Catino et al. 1978. Biochemistry. 17:983-987.). Immunization of rabbits with highly purified protein BA has resulted in the production of a specific antibody. A specific immunoreactivity for chromosomal protein BA has been demonstrated by immunoelectrophoresis and double antibody immunoprecipitation analysis with rabbit anti-BA immunoglobulin and IgG fractions. Light microscope examination of normal rat liver crysections by the indirect immunofluorescence procedure has demonstrated a cytoplasmic as well as a nuclear localization for protein BA with a pronounced perinucleolar fluorescence. Immunoelectron microscopy employing the peroxidase antiperoxidase method of antigen localization has confirmed the immunofluorescence data and has show a heterochromatin localization for protein BA. The relationship of the localization of protein BA to gene control in quiescent cells or to configurations of heterochromatin as well as the marked reduction in the amounts of protein BA which occur in stimulated growth states remains to be defined.
Non-pharmacological intervention effects on apathy caused by central nervous system organic diseases: A network meta-analysis (2022)

Current evidence suggests that rTMS and cognitive interventions are more effective than the conventional intervention in improving apathy in patients with CNS organic diseases. It still needs more non-pharmacological intervention studies with high quality, larger sample sizes for further exploration.
Interleukin-lβ-Induced Nitric Oxide Production in Isolated Rat Pancreatic Islets Requires Gene Transcription and May Lead to Inhibition of the Krebs Cycle Enzyme Aconitase* (1991)

The aim of this study was to characterize the dynamics and functional relevance of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta)-induced nitric oxide production in isolated pancreatic islets. Thus, islets were isolated from adult rats, precultured for 3-5 days in medium RPMI-1640 plus 10% fetal calf serum, and then exposed to IL-1 beta for different time periods, after which islet nitrite production and aconitase activity were determined. IL-1 beta (5 ng/ml) did not increase islet nitrite production during the first hour of incubation. Moreover, the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (Meth-arg; 5 mM) failed to prevent the initial (90 min) IL-1 beta-induced increase in islet insulin release. After 4, 7, and 24 h, however, nitrite production was increased by 50%, 93%, and 139%, respectively. Islet aconitase activity and glucose oxidation rates were decreased by 70% after incubation for 24 h with IL-1 beta. Both Meth-arg and N alpha-p-tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone (0.1 mM), a protease inhibitor, could completely counteract the IL-1 beta-induced increases in nitrite production and inhibition of aconitase activity and glucose oxidation rates. In a separate series of experiments, islets were incubated for 60 min with or without IL-1 beta and the RNA synthesis inhibitor actinomycin-D (5 micrograms/ml) and subsequently incubated for another 9 h without any additions. The presence of actinomycin-D during the 1-h IL-1 beta incubation period prevented the IL-1 beta-induced rise in nitrite production and the IL-1 beta-induced inhibition of aconitase activity and insulin release. It is concluded that IL-1 beta-induced nitric oxide production is a late event which requires gene transcription and does not mediate the initial stimulatory effects of IL-1 beta on beta-cell function. However, the gradually augmented rate of nitric oxide production may inhibit the enzyme aconitase, leading to a suppressed mitochondrial activity and a defective insulin release in response to nutrient secretagogues.
Rhabdomyolysis after laparoscopic radical nephrectomy -A case report- (2010)

Rhabdomyolysis is a rare but potentially lethal clinical syndrome that results from acute muscle fiber necrosis with leakage of muscle constituents into blood. This devastating disease could be due to muscle compression caused by urologic positioning for a lengthy nephrectomy. In this regard, laparoscopic renal surgery may be a risk for the development of rhabdomyolysis. This phenomenon of massive muscle necrosis can produce secondary acute renal failure. The risk factors have to be managed carefully during anesthetic management. Here, we report a case of a patient with rhabdomyolysis that developed in the flexed lateral decubitus position during laparoscopic nephrectomy. (
Status of medical mycology education (2003)

The number of immunocompromised patients and subsequent invasive fungal infections continues to rise. However, the education of future medical mycologists to engage this growing problem is diminishing. While there are an increasing number of publications and grants awarded in mycology, the time and detail devoted to teaching medical mycology in United States medical schools are inadequate. Here we review the history in medical mycology education and the current educational opportunities. To accurately gauge contemporary teaching we also conducted a prospective survey of microbiology and immunology departmental chairpersons in United States medical schools to determine the amount and content of contemporary education in medical mycology.
A novel depth propagation algorithm with color guided motion estimation (2013)

Depth propagation is an effective and efficient way to produce depth maps for a video sequence. Motion estimation in most existing depth propagation schemes is performed only based on the estimated depth maps without consideration for color information. This paper presents a novel key frame depth propagation algorithm combining bilateral filtering and motion estimation. A color guided motion estimation process is proposed by taking both color and depth information into account when estimating the motion vectors. In addition, a bidirectional propagation strategy is adopted to reduce the accumulation of depth errors. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms most of the existing techniques in obtaining high quality depth maps indicating a better effect of the synthesized stereoscopic video.
Numerical demonstration of non‐reciprocal waveform‐selective metasurfaces (2019)

The authors demonstrate two types of non‐reciprocal waveform‐selective metasurfaces that control the level of reflectance, depending not only on the direction of the incident wave but also on the waveform, namely, on the pulse width. A capacitor‐based waveform‐selective metasurface exhibits strong reflectance for a short pulse compared to that for a continuous wave (CW) at the same frequency. In contrast, an inductor‐based waveform‐selective metasurface more strongly reflects a CW than a pulse. The difference between them is demonstrated to be more than 50% but is reduced for a wave propagating in the other direction. The concept of the authors' structures is expected to offer an additional degree of freedom with which to design non‐reciprocal devices and applications.
Studies on pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives. XVI. Preparation of Reissert compounds from condensed pyrimidine systems catalyzed by lewis acids. (1987)

Among various Lewis acids, aluminium chloride (AlCl3) was the most effective catalyst for the formation of the Reissert compound (21a, 5-benzoyl-4, 5-dihydro-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo [3, 4-d] pyrimidine-4-carbonitrile) of 1-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo [3, 4-d] pyrimidine (11) by using benzoyl chloride and trimethylsilyl cyanide (TMSCN) in anhydrous methylene chloride (CH2Cl2).Application of this method to derivatives of the following condensed pyrimidines, 1H-pyrazolo [3, 4-d] pyrimidine (1), 9H-purine (3), 3H-1, 2, 3-triazolo [4, 5-d] pyrimidine (5), and quinazoline (7), gave the corresponding new series of Reissert compounds (2, 4, 6, 8, and 9), which could not be prepared by the standard method using potassium cyanide and acid chloride in aqueous media.
Deep Learning Super-Resolution Enables Rapid Simultaneous Morphological and Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2018)

Obtaining magnetic resonance images (MRI) with high resolution and generating quantitative image-based biomarkers for assessing tissue biochemistry is crucial in clinical and research applications. How- ever, acquiring quantitative biomarkers requires high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), which is at odds with high-resolution in MRI, especially in a single rapid sequence. In this paper, we demonstrate how super-resolution can be utilized to maintain adequate SNR for accurate quantification of the T2 relaxation time biomarker, while simultaneously generating high- resolution images. We compare the efficacy of resolution enhancement using metrics such as peak SNR and structural similarity. We assess accuracy of cartilage T2 relaxation times by comparing against a standard reference method. Our evaluation suggests that SR can successfully maintain high-resolution and generate accurate biomarkers for accelerating MRI scans and enhancing the value of clinical and research MRI.
Analysis of Structural Phase Transition Behavior of La1-x-yCaxSryCrO3 (2007)

The structural phase transition behavior of La1-x-yCaxSryCrO3, which can be regarded as promising material for interconnector of SOFC due to high sintering property, has been investigated by differential scanning calorimetry. Temperature and variation of enthalpy at the structural phase transition decreased with increase of Sr content among the specimens with the same alkaline earth content. It was also revealed from X- ray diffraction that crystal symmetry of orthorhombic phase became lower whereas that of rhombohedral one higher with Sr substitution. Assuming that the standard Gibbs free energy of formation of La1-x-yCaxSryCrO3 with higher crystal symmetry is lower, the variation of the phase transition behavior on Sr substitution can be qualitatively explained by using thermodynamics.
Pall eBDS: an enhanced bacterial detection system for screening platelet concentrates (2005)

Bacterial contamination of blood components remains a significant problem in transfusion medicine. The Pall enhanced bacterial detection system (Pall eBDS) detects the presence of bacteria in leucodepleted platelet concentrates by measuring the reduction of oxygen in the sample, due to aerobic bacterial growth. Pooled platelet concentrates were spiked at 10 cfu mL(-1) with 10 organisms (one species per bag). Pall eBDS pouches were inoculated with the spiked platelet concentrates. After 24 and 30 h of incubation, the oxygen level was measured. A further set of pouches were taken from the inoculated platelet concentrates at 24 h. Incubation and reading intervals were as for the initial set of pouches. A sensitivity study was also performed comparing the Pall eBDS with the BacT/ALERT system. Spiking at 10 cfu mL(-1) and immediately sampling into Pall eBDS pouches resulted in 97.6 and 100% detection after an incubation period of 24 and 30 h, respectively. After 24 h of incubation of the spiked platelet concentrates and then sampling into Pall eBDS pouches, 99.1% detection was obtained after incubation for both 24 and 30 h. The sensitivity of the Pall eBDS and BacT/ALERT is similar and in the order of 1 cfu mL(-1). Implementation of either BacT/ALERT or Pall eBDS for routine screening of platelet concentrates has the potential to further increase the safety of the blood supply.
The detection, purification, structural characterization, and metabolism of diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate(s) and bisdiphosphoinositol tetrakisphosphate(s). (1993)

A new class of inositol phosphates containing energy-rich pyrophosphoryl residues has been characterized. D/L-1-Diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate(s) and D/L-bis-(1,4)-diphosphoinositol tetrakisphosphate(s) are present as soluble ionic species in the cytosol of amoebae (Dictyostelium discoideum) at concentrations in the range of 0.05-0.25 mM. These compounds are rapidly metabolized in intact cells and can be synthesized in cell lysates from myo-inositol hexakisphosphate in the presence of ATP. Their phosphomonoester groups have predicted C-O-P bond energies of between 3.3 and 4 kcal mol-1; however, the bond energies of the P-O-P links in their diphosphate moieties are 6.6 kcal mol-1 and hence similar to the equivalent bonds in ADP, indicating a potential role for these compounds as phosphate donors in phosphotransferase reactions. Compounds with similar chromatographic properties are found in a variety of mammalian cell types.
Angular dependence of Bloch wavepackets. (1996)

The contribution to an echo by a particular scattering mechanism, which occupies a specific region in the time-frequency or time-scale domains, is defined as a wavepacket [N. Yen, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 81, 1841–1850 (1987)]. Previous studies have isolated wavepackets generated by specular reflection, Bragg reflection and Bloch waves in backscattered echoes from a ribbed, finite cylinder at a few discrete target aspect angles. For this target, the echoes mainly contain components from specular reflection and Bloch waves in the frequency region near ka≂5. These two kinds of wavepackets are experimentally extracted in the time-scale domain over the angular range from 10° to 70°. The time extents and spectra of these wavepackets are shown to vary with target aspect angle. This angular dependence is shown to be related to physical mechanisms. [Work supported by NRL 6.2 funds.]
The Measurement of Oscillator Noise at Microwave Frequencies (1968)

Improved measurement methods are presented for measuring both AM noise and FM noise from microwave oscillators, The Schottky barrier diode detector is used to measure AM noise 170 dB below the carrier in a 1 Hz bandwidth. A new discriminator is presented that has a measurement threshold below 0.001 Hz rms in a 1 Hz bandwidth. The use of a storage oscilloscope and wave analyzer to study noise modulation is discussed. The new discriminator and storage oscilloscope can be used for short-term stability measurements for intervals up to 100 seconds.
Use of Black Diagrams to Identify Inconsistencies in Rheological Data (2002)

ABSTRACT This paper describes the use of Black diagrams of complex modulus versus phase angle to detect the occurrence of inconsistencies in rheological data caused by testing irregularities and distinctive material properties. In general, conventional penetration grade bitumens can be classified as “thermo-rheologically simple” materials with their rheological properties being temperature and time equivalent provided that they are determined within the binder's linear viscoelastic region and by suitable testing procedures. In the paper, Black diagrams have been successfully used to identify compliance (testing) errors in rheological data associated with the inappropriate use of various dynamic shear rheometer spindle geometries. The results indicate that using a 25 mm diameter testing geometry at complex modulus values greater than 105 Pa leads to an overestimation of elastic response and an underestimation of binder stiffness. As Black diagrams do not require any manipulation of rheological data prior to data presentation, they provide a convenient means of assessing the effect of polymer modification and oxidative ageing on the rheological properties of bituminous binders. In general, semi-crystalline EVA PMBs tend to show unique rheological characteristics at intermediate temperatures due to the occurrence of different crystalline structures at different temperatures. Elastomeric SBS PMBs tend to produce a distinctive elastic response at high temperatures/low frequencies as a result of their dominant polymer network. Finally, Black diagrams have been used to identify discrepancies in rheological data due to non-linear effects before attempts are made to shift the data to produce smooth, continuous master curves.
Thermoreflectance of nanoporous materials. (2020)

Abstract not provided.
Estimating Gray Scale and Color in Natural Images (2012)

Evolution and learning guarantee that visual systems will exploit the statistical structure of natural images when performing visual tasks. Thus, understanding which aspects of this statistical structure are incorporated into the human nervous system is a fundamental goal in vision science. We consider the task of estimating missing gray scale or color (R, G or B) values at arbitrary pixel locations in natural images, given the context of available pixel values. First, we measured the relevant statistical information for these tasks in calibrated natural images [1]. We find that the statistical structure is sufficient for surprisingly accurate estimation of missing pixel values. Second, we measured human accuracy for estimating missing gray scale values and compared human accuracy with various simple heuristics (e.g., local average, median, and mode), and with optimal observers that have complete knowledge of the local statistical structure in natural images. We find that human estimates are more accurate than simple heuristics, and they match the performance of an optimal observer that knows the local statistical structure of relative intensities (contrasts). This optimal observer predicts the detailed pattern of human estimation errors and hence places strong constraints on the possible underlying neural mechanisms. However, humans do not reach the performance of an optimal observer that knows statistical structure of absolute intensities, which reflect both local relative intensities and local mean intensity. Also, as predicted from our analyses of natural images, human estimation accuracy is negligibly improved by expanding the context from a local patch to the whole image. Meeting abstract presented at OSA Fall Vision 2012
Annular submitral left ventricular aneurysm (1992)

Annular subvalvular aneurysms have been reported rarely in Caucasian individuals. We describe the case of a white man who had an asymptomatic annular submitral left ventricular aneurysm diagnosed during the diagnostic work-up of cervical lymphadenopathies. Our case is unique because of its occurrence in a Caucasian and its characteristic radiological features.
Mechanistic Insight into Direct Arylations with Ruthenium(II) Carboxylate Catalysts (2010)

Mechanistic studies revealed ruthenium-catalyzed direct arylations to proceed through reversible C-H bond activation and subsequent rate-limiting oxidative addition with aryl halides, which led to the development of widely applicable well-defined ruthenium(II) carboxylate catalysts.
Leituras de divulgação científica por licenciandos em Ciências Biológicas (2009)

The popular science has been considered by the scientific community of researchers in education as being an alternative material to be used in classrooms to contribute at the students' formation. In this paper, we observe some readings made by licensed from one school of Biological Science of one Brazilian federal university in the context of their classes in their tours of the discipline Teaching Practice. Here, we analyzed the ways of lecture adopted in the licensed classes and the discoursive re- elaboration (orals and writers) considered necessary by future teachers when they elaborate new didactical materials to be used in their classes. The results show the essential role of the teacher as a mediator in the introduction of the popular science literature in the science classrooms as well the nature of the alteration made at the original texts once that the same texts were not be prepared having in sight their lecture at a learning formal space, the school.