gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Serum metabolomics as biomarkers to differentiate early from metastatic disease and predict relapse in elderly colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. (2016)

10042 Background: Adjuvant chemotherapy improves survival in stage II and III CRC, although a significant proportion of patients (pts) are cured by surgery alone. Improved risk stratification is required to reduce the number of pts treated unnecessarily, particularly in elderly populations at risk for higher toxicity. Serum metabolomic profiles may act as biomarkers of residual (micrometastatic) disease, a prerequisite for relapse, and have been prognostic in other tumor types. This study aims to (1) identify in elderly pts a metabolomic “signature” for metastatic disease (mCRC) that differentiates it from early disease (eCRC) and (2) create a metabolomic index for eCRC pts that correlates with clinical outcomes and may be predictive for relapse. Methods: Serum samples from 105 elderly pts (aged ≥ 70) with CRC, (48 mCRC and 57 eCRC with ≥ 5 years follow up) were pooled from 4 previous clinical trials. Samples were analyzed via Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and the spectra were used to characterize the metabolic profiles of the two cohorts. Principal component analysis (PCA) and canonical analysis (CA) were applied to obtain the supervised separation of eCRC and mCRC spectra. For the purpose of classification, the K-nearest neighbors (k-NN) method was applied to the PCA-CA scores. Wilcoxon test was then used to compare the levels of 34 quantified metabolites between eCRC and mCRC pts. A model that assigns a risk score is being built based on the degree to which an eCRC serum profile resembles the metastatic profiles. This risk score will be compared to the Adjuvant!Online estimated risk of relapse score and the actual outcome. Results: PCA-CA-kNN classification of NMR spectra was able to discriminate eCRC and mCRC with an accuracy of 74%. Four metabolites (2-methylbutyrate, 2-methylsuccinate, histidine and formate) were found to differ significantly (p < 0.05) between eCRC and mCRC metabolomic profiles. Conclusions: NMR metabolomic profiles can discriminate early and metastatic CRC. A model to assess the likelihood of relapse, based on the degree to which an eCRC serum profile resembles the metastatic profiles, is being built, and results will be presented at the meeting.
Gas imaging detectivity model combining leakage spot size and range (2012)

As to visualize the leaking gas cloud which is not visible to the naked eyes, three categories of techniques have emerged, Backscatter Absorption Gas Imaging, Passive Thermal Imaging, and Imaging Spectrometer. Among these systems, Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) is generally used to deduce gas leakage detection limit and leads to several performance evaluation parameters, such as Noise-Equivalent Spectral Radiance and Noise-Equivalent Concentration-Path Length. However, in most cases, measuring the SNR accurately is not accessible and usually needs auxiliary instruments. Therefore, we focus on researching a gas leakage detection model according to the general parameter of a thermal imager, Noise Equivalent Temperature Difference (NETD). Firstly, the Gas Equivalent Blackbody Temperature Difference (GEBTD) is obtained by calculating the attenuated radiation of the On-plume path and that of the Off-plume path respectively. A simplified form of GEBTD was derived by our previous paper, assuming that the work range was short and the affection of atmospheric transmission was omitted. But in this paper, more factors are considered to establish a more realistic and accurate detectivity model. The radiation of the gas cloud and the attenuation of the atmosphere are taken into account as well as the size of the leakage spot which inevitably affects the concentration path length. Secondly, the NETD and the GEBTD are compared to determine the detection capability. At last, an experiment is designed to verify the accuracy and reliability of this model on the basis of the gas cloud concentration cone distribution model.
Network Modeling to Predict the Effect of Wettability Heterogeneities on Multiphase Flow (1999)

Abstract In gas injection processes it has been already shown that the wettability characteristics of the solid surface and the spreading characteristics of the fluid system hold the key roles. Network modeling has proved to be a useful tool to phenomenological studies of multiphase flow. The objective of the present paper is to describe a network model of three- phase flow in porous media with heterogeneous wettability. Experimental support to validate the model is provided in the study by Laroche (SPE 52067) using micromodels with different wettability patterns. The developed numerical tool is used to demonstrate the impact of small scale wettability heterogeneities on gas injection efficiency, for various patterns and spatial heterogeneity distributions. The model permits to impose heterogeneous wettability by assigning different water/oil contact angles according to the desired heterogeneity pattern. The initial distribution of oil and water in the network is established by simulating a two-phase displacement, which corresponds to a drainage in the water-wet region and to an imbibition in the oil-wet region. When gas is injected, three phases coexist within the network. The three-phase displacement is dominated by drainage mechanisms. Oil is assumed to flow through wetting films in the oil-wet regions and through spreading films on water in the water-wet regions. The simulations clearly demonstrate the effect of the size and distribution of wettability heterogeneities on water/oil displacement and three-phase gas injection. Also the effect of wettability heterogeneities distribution on water/oil capillary pressure is investigated by simulating quasi-static displacements.
In Situ Observation of Successive Crystallizations and Metastable Intermediates in the Formation of Metal–Organic Frameworks (2016)

Understanding the driving forces controlling crystallization is essential for the efficient synthesis and design of new materials, particularly metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), where mild solvothermal synthesis often allows access to various phases from the same reagents. Using high-energy in situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction, we monitor the crystallization of lithium tartrate MOFs, observing the successive crystallization and dissolution of three competing phases in one reaction. By determining rate constants and activation energies, we fully quantify the reaction energy landscape, gaining important predictive power for the choice of reaction conditions. Different reaction rates are explained by the structural relationships between the products and the reactants; larger changes in conformation result in higher activation energies. The methods we demonstrate can easily be applied to other materials, opening the door to a greater understanding of crystallization in general.
Proton conductance at elevated temperature: formulation and investigation of poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid)/4-aminobenzylamine/phosphoric acid membranes (2014)

4-Aminobenzylamine (ABA) and phosphoric acid (PA) were blended in various proportions with poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid) (PSSA) to form a new group of membranes exhibiting proton conductance under water-free conditions. The 4-ABA molecule, possessing an aniline-like and benzylamine-like functional group, can interact both with the PA and the PSSA via nucleophilic interaction, thereby allowing proton jumping in the structure. Physico-chemical and thermal characteristics of the prepared solid membranes were investigated by IR spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was employed to investigate their proton-conductance properties. Transparent composite membranes were prepared. However, the membranes are opaque for relatively high content of PA. These membranes are thermally stable up to 300°C. The proton conductivity increases with temperature and also with content of PA. Values as high as 1.8 10 3 Scm 1 were measured at 190°C in fully anhydrous condition.
Effect of Cooked White Rice with High β-glucan Barley on Appetite and Energy Intake in Healthy Japanese Subjects: A Randomized Controlled Trial (2014)

White rice is a dominant grain-based food in Japan, but excess intake of polished rice may cause obesity. Barley is a grain-based food, similar to white rice, but it has the potential to control appetite and reduce energy intake. We investigated the effect of cooked white rice with high β-glucan barley on appetite and energy intake. The study was conducted as a randomized crossover design with twenty-one healthy Japanese women [mean ± standard deviation body mass index (BMI) 23.3 ± 0.7 kg/m(2)]. Subjects consumed a breakfast of cooked white rice with high β-glucan barley (BAR) or white rice (WR), followed by an ad libitum lunch and dinner. Energy intake was measured at the lunch and the dinner using plate waste. Subjects' perception scores on hunger, fullness, satiety, and prospective food consumption were assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS) before and after the breakfast, lunch and dinner. BAR significantly reduced the VAS scores of hunger and prospective food consumption, and increased fullness before lunch compared to WR (P = 0.032, 0.019 and 0.038, respectively). Energy intake at lunch and the cumulative energy intake (lunch + dinner) subsequent to BAR consumption were significantly lower than WR (P = 0.035 and 0.021, respectively). BAR was able to modulate appetite and reduce energy intake. The combination of white rice with high β-glucan barley could play a beneficial role in preventing and treating obesity and other obesity-related metabolic diseases.
Segmentation of optic disc on retinal fundus images using morphological reconstruction enhancement and active contour (2016)

Glaucoma is one of the eye diseases characterised by increasing of fluid pressure in the eye. High fluid pressure can damage optic nerve head. It can lead to blindness if it is not treated properly. Segmentation of optic disc area is a technique to support the glaucoma diagnosis. This research contributes to the segmentation of optic disc. Red channel is extracted from colour images. Furthermore, noise is eliminated by average filter. Subsequently, the transformation of bottom hat is used to remove the vessel area in fundus image. The image quality is enhanced by morphological reconstruction operation. Before performing segmentation, Region of Interest (RoI) is determined based on the highest value of pixel intensity. Segmentation of optic disc is undertaken using active contour. This method has been tested on 50 colour retinal fundus images taken from DRISHTI-GS dataset. The propose scheme successfully achieves average accuracy of 99.55%, sensitivity of 89.92% and specificity of 99.85% in segmenting optic disc.
Efficient Recognition of Chiral Carbamoyl‐α‐Hydroxyacids with a Cleft‐Type Receptor (1996)

Simple chromatography using SiO2 impregnated with (S)-4-chlorophenyl-carbamoyllactic acid ((S)-2) can be used to separate the enantiomers of receptor 1 (Rf((R)-1/Rf((S)-1) = 0.8/0.1)). The very large association constant of the more stable complex [(R)-1·(S)-2] (5.7 × 105 M−1) was determined in a series of competitive NMR titrations with α-amino acid derivatives, which form less stable complexes with 1.
Effects of early gestational undernutrition on fetal growth, organ development, and placentomal composition in the bovine1 (2009)

Fetal intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is known to negatively affect offspring health postnatally. This study evaluated the impacts of early gestational undernutrition followed by realimentation on bovine fetal and placental growth. Thirty multiparous beef cows bred to a single sire and gestating female fetuses were fed to meet NRC recommendations (control; n = 15) or fed below NRC recommendations (68.1% of NE(m) and 86.7% of MP recommendations; nutrient restricted, NR; n = 15) from d 30 to 125 of gestation. On d 125 of gestation, 10 control and 10 NR cows were necropsied. The remaining 5 NR cows were realimented to achieve similar BW and BCS with the remaining 5 control cows by d 190 of gestation; both groups were necropsied at d 245 of gestation. Fetal weight at d 125 of gestation was 948 +/- 14 g (n = 10) for control cows; however, fetal weights of NR cows fell into 2 distinct groups: NR non-IUGR cows had fetal weights similar to control cows (974 +/- 20 g, n = 6), whereas fetal weights of NR IUGR cows were reduced (773 +/- 23 g, n = 4; P < 0.01). Fetal brain weight as a percentage of fetal weight was increased (approximately 11%; P < 0.01) in the NR IUGR fetuses compared with fetuses from the other 2 groups, which were similar. Fetal heart weight as a percentage of fetal weight also tended to be increased (approximately 10%; P = 0.08) in NR IUGR fetuses compared with control fetuses. Nutrient-restricted IUGR cows exhibited reduced (P < 0.01) cotyledonary weights compared with NR non-IUGR and control cows, which were similar (192 +/- 27 vs. 309 +/- 22, and 337 +/- 17 g, respectively). Total placentome surface area also tended to be reduced (P = 0.07) in NR IUGR cows compared with NR non-IUGR and control cows, which again were similar (685.0 +/- 45.6 vs. 828.7 +/- 37.2 and 790.7 +/- 28.9 mm(2), respectively). On d 245 of gestation, fetal weights and caruncle weight were similar for NR and control cows; cotyledonary weights, however, were reduced in NR vs. control cows (1,430 +/- 133 vs. 2,137 +/- 133 g, P < 0.01). Decreased fetal growth in NR IUGR cows on d 125 of gestation was associated with decreased cotyledonary weights and reduced placentomal surface areas. The return of NR cows to a BW and BCS similar to that of control cows through realimentation beginning on d 126 resulted in similar fetal weights of NR and control cows by d 245 of gestation. Thus, a bout of fetal IUGR may go undetected if cows undernourished during early gestation receive feed supplementation in the second half of gestation to assure normal birth weight.
What can microseismic data say about fluid flow? (2015)

Abstract A special session was held at the 2014 Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG) Annual Meeting in Denver to brainstorm on the topic of what microseismic data can say about fluid flow. The special session was sponsored by the Research Committee of SEG and coorganized by Oleg Poliannikov (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) and Hugues Djikpesse (Schlumberger, now CHRYSOS Technologies L.L.C). It consisted of eight presentations with a broad range of speakers from academia and industry and was attended by about 150 participants. The findings of this special session are reported, and then possible directions for the future of flow-guided microseismic research are discussed.
RACE AS AN INDEPENDENT PREDICTOR OF OUTCOME AFTER TREATMENT FOR LOCALIZED PROSTATE CANCER (1999)

We have demonstrated a statistically nonsignificant trend for higher biochemical failure rates in black men presenting with localized prostate cancer. This trend could be due to the higher pretreatment PSA levels in black patients. Treatment recommendations should not differ with respect to race.
Novel Analysis of Waveguide Stub Structure Using Iterative Green's Function Method (2007)

학부생들이 쉽게 사용할 수 있는 기법인 반복 그린 함수 방법(IGFM)을 이용하여 복잡한 전자파 도파관스텁 구조를 이론적으로 엄밀하게 해석한다. lGFM은 그린 함수 접근법과 영역 반복법을 이용한다. IGFM의 간단한 공식화를 위해 단순한 수학 방정식만을 사용한 물리적인 반복 메커니즘을 이용한다. 전형적인 전자파 도파관 구조인 평행판 E평면 T접합 스텁에 대한 산란 특성을 IGFM 관점에서 이론적으로 공식화한다. 수치해석 결과를 주파수에 대한 반사와 투과 전력 관점에서 보인다. An iterative Green's function method (IGFM) is introduced in order to analyze complex electromagnetic waveguide stub structures in view of a university student. The IGFM utilizes a Green's function approach and an regional iteration scheme. A physical iteration mechanism with simple mathematical equations facilitates clear formulations of the IGFM. Scattering characteristics of a standard E-plane T-junction stub in a parallel-plate waveguide are theoretically investigated in terms of the IGFM. Numerical computations illustrate the characteristics of reflection and transmission powers versus frequency.
Analysis of the Film-stacking Processing Parameters for PLLA/Flax Fiber Biocomposites (2009)

Nowadays, the market demand for environmentally friendly materials is rapidly increasing. Biodegradable fibers and biodegradable polymers, mainly extracted from renewable resources, are expected to be a major contribution to the production of new industrial high performance biodegradable composites, partially solving the problem of waste management. At the end of its lifetime, a structural biodegradable composite can be crushed and recycled through a controlled industrial composting process. Bodros et al. [1] showed that biodegradable L-polylactide acid (PLLA)/flax fibers mat composites exhibiting specific tensile properties equivalent to glass fiber polyester composites can be manufactured by an un-optimized film-stacking process. In our study, the process has been investigated more extensively. Indeed, the compaction of flax mats requires a higher load than for glass mats of similar areal weight. The transverse permeability of flax mats has also been shown to be lower than for glass mats. In both cases, this is due to a higher degree of entanglement of the flax fibers within the mat. However, the range of permeability and compressibility values of the flax mats are well within the values that allow a good through-the-thickness impregnation. Flax fibers cannot sustain long exposures at the impregnation temperature of the mats by PLLA resin. Through-the-thickness impregnation of flax mats processes such as film stacking are more suitable than in-plane impregnation processes such as resin transfer molding because the flow of resin is limited on short distances and allows short times of impregnation.
Towards finding and fixing fragments (2005)

Non-sentential utterances (e.g., short-answers as in "Who came to the party?"--- "Peter.") are pervasive in dialogue. As with other forms of ellipsis, the elided material is typically present in the context (e.g., the question that a short answer answers). We present a machine learning approach to the novel task of identifying fragments and their antecedents in multiparty dialogue. We compare the performance of several learning algorithms, using a mixture of structural and lexical features, and show that the task of identifying antecedents given a fragment can be learnt successfully (f(0.5) = .76); we discuss why the task of identifying fragments is harder (f(0.5) = .41) and finally report on a combined task (f(0.5) = .38).
Antibody affinity and cross-variant neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1, BA.2 and BA.3 following third mRNA vaccination (2022)

There is limited knowledge on durability of neutralization capacity and antibody affinity maturation generated following two versus three doses of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines in naïve versus convalescent individuals (hybrid immunity) against the highly transmissible Omicron BA.1, BA.2 and BA.3 subvariants. Virus neutralization titers against the vaccine-homologous strain (WA1) and Omicron sublineages are measured in a pseudovirus neutralization assay (PsVNA). In addition, antibody binding and antibody affinity against spike proteins from WA1, BA.1, and BA.2 is determined using surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The convalescent individuals who after SARS-CoV-2 infection got vaccinated develop hybrid immunity that shows broader neutralization activity and cross-reactive antibody affinity maturation against the Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 after either second or third vaccination compared with naïve individuals. Neutralization activity correlates with antibody affinity against Omicron subvariants BA.1 and BA.2 spikes. Importantly, at four months post-third vaccination the neutralization activity and antibody affinity against the Omicron subvariants is maintained and trended higher for the individuals with hybrid immunity compared with naïve adults. These findings about hybrid immunity resulting in superior immune kinetics, breadth, and durable high affinity antibodies support the need for booster vaccinations to provide effective protection from emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants like the rapidly spreading Omicron subvariants.
Web Distributed Authoring and Versioning (WebDAV) Access Control Protocol (2004)

This document specifies a set of methods, headers, message bodies, properties, and reports that define Access Control extensions to the WebDAV Distributed Authoring Protocol. This protocol permits a client to read and modify access control lists that instruct a server whether to allow or deny operations upon a resource (such as HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) method invocations) by a given principal. A lightweight representation of principals as Web resources supports integration of a wide range of user management repositories. Search operations allow discovery and manipulation of principals using human names.
Transcriptional regulatory elements in fungal secondary metabolism (2011)

Filamentous fungi produce a variety of secondary metabolites of diverse beneficial and detrimental activities to humankind. The genes required for a given secondary metabolite are typically arranged in a gene cluster. There is considerable evidence that secondary metabolite gene regulation is, in part, by transcriptional control through hierarchical levels of transcriptional regulatory elements involved in secondary metabolite cluster regulation. Identification of elements regulating secondary metabolism could potentially provide a means of increasing production of beneficial metabolites, decreasing production of detrimental metabolites, aid in the identification of 'silent' natural products and also contribute to a broader understanding of molecular mechanisms by which secondary metabolites are produced. This review summarizes regulation of secondary metabolism associated with transcriptional regulatory elements from a broad view as well as the tremendous advances in discovery of cryptic or novel secondary metabolites by genomic mining.
Degradation Due to Wet Hydrogen Firing on the High-Voltage Performance of Alumina Insulators in Vacuum Applications (1987)

The HV characteristics of plain and doped alumina ceramics fired under air and air plus wet hydrogen conditions were tested in a uniform field vacuum gap using dc excitation. Wet hydrogen firing of doped alumina ceramics considerably degraded voltage hold-off as compared to air firing. Baking hydrogen-fired samples in vacuum did not improve their performance and the V-I curves remained unaltered. Gap currents measured for plain and doped air-fired samples were essentially the same (~1 to 10 nA), however, for wet hydrogen-fired samples the currents were much higher for doped than for undoped alumina samples. In general, the non-resistive current component obtained from the V-I curves was found to follow the Fowler-Nordheim equation only in the high-field region (> 60 kV/cm) for air-fired alumina samples. Processing the wet-hydrogen-fired samples by subsequent firing in an atmosphere of dry hydrogen revived the voltage hold-off of the doped alumina ceramics; the currents being comparable to that of wet-hydrogen-fired samples in the low voltage range (< 50 kV).