gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Creating Capsule Wardrobes from Fashion Images (2018)

We propose to automatically create capsule wardrobes. Given an inventory of candidate garments and accessories, the algorithm must assemble a minimal set of items that provides maximal mix-and-match outfits. We pose the task as a subset selection problem. To permit efficient subset selection over the space of all outfit combinations, we develop submodular objective functions capturing the key ingredients of visual compatibility, versatility, and user-specific preference. Since adding garments to a capsule only expands its possible outfits, we devise an iterative approach to allow near-optimal submodular function maximization. Finally, we present an unsupervised approach to learn visual compatibility from "in the wild" full body outfit photos; the compatibility metric translates well to cleaner catalog photos and improves over existing methods. Our results on thousands of pieces from popular fashion websites show that automatic capsule creation has potential to mimic skilled fashionistas in assembling flexible wardrobes, while being significantly more scalable.
Synthesis of optically active eremophilane sesquiterpenoids from sabinene (1971)

Abstract An efficient route to optically pure sesquiterpenoids of the nootkatane type is described. Stereoselective Michael‐type addition of (‐)‐3‐methylsabinaketone (9) to trans ‐3‐penten‐2‐one is used to create the asymmetric centers at C(4) and C(5) in the tricyclic ketone 12. Practical procedures for the conversion of 12 into (‐)‐α‐vetivone (17) and (‐)‐nootkatone (18) are presented.
Inhibition of β2-Microglobulin/Hemochromatosis Enhances Radiation Sensitivity by Induction of Iron Overload in Prostate Cancer Cells (2013)

Since prostate cancer bone metastatic patients have high β2-M in the tumor tissue and in the secreted form, targeting β2-M with anti-β2-M Ab is a promising therapeutic agent. Additionally, inhibition of β2-M sensitizes cancer cells to clinically used therapies such as radiation by inducing iron overload and decreasing DNA repair enzymes.
Concurrent Two-Dimensional State Minimization and State Assignment of finite State Machines (2005)

A generalization to the classical state minimization of a Finite State Machine (FSM) is described. The FSM is minimized here in two dimensions: numbers of both input symbols and internal states are minimized in an iterative sequence of input minimization and state minimization procedures. For each machine in the sequence of FSMs created by the algorithm an equivalent FSM is found that attempts 20 minimize the state assignment by selecting in each cell of the transition map one successor state from the set of successors. This approach leads to a partitioned realiration of the FSM with an input encoder. Our efficient branch-and-bound program, FMINI, produces an exact minimum result for each component minimization process and a globally quasi-minimum solution to the entire two-dimensional (2D) FSM combined process of state minimization and assignment.
Vision-based Indoor Positioning Method By Joint Using 2D Images and 3D Point Cloud Map (2020)

2D image-based and 3D structure-based are the most two popular vision-based indoor positioning methods. Though 2D method has better efficiency for image retrieval, the number of stored images is usually too many to achieve fast 2D-2D matching, and it cannot obtain high positioning accuracy either. In contrast, 3D method has smaller database and can achieve much higher positioning accuracy with the help of 3D information. However, it needs to construct 3D point cloud map of the positioning environment and spend too much time on 2D-3D matching. Therefore, in order to improve the positioning accuracy and the retrieval efficiency, we propose a vision-based indoor positioning method by joint use 2D images and 3D point cloud map in this paper. In offline stage, we select key images into the offline database based on the 3D point cloud map that is built by RGB-D simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM), and establish the mapping relation between 2D image local feature points and 3D points. In online stage, we utilize the rough-fine matching strategy to obtain 2D-3D matching pairs between local feature points of the user query image and 3D points in the 3D point cloud map. The user position is finally estimated by the efficient perspective-n-point (EPnP) algorithm. Performance analysis and simulation results indicate that our proposed method can not only achieve high positioning accuracy but also speed up the matching process.
Service-oriented computing: key concepts and principles (2005)

Traditional approaches to software development - the ones embodied in CASE tools and modeling frameworks - are appropriate for building individual software components, but they are not designed to face the challenges of open environments. Service-oriented computing provides a way to create a new architecture that reflects components' trends toward autonomy and heterogeneity. We thus emphasize SOC concepts instead of how to deploy Web services in accord with current standards. To begin the series, we describe the key concepts and abstractions of SOC and the elements of a corresponding engineering methodology.
Normally Off GaN MOSFET Based on AlGaN/GaN Heterostructure With Extremely High 2DEG Density Grown on Silicon Substrate (2010)

A normally off GaN MOSFET was proposed by utilizing an extremely high 2-D electron-gas density (> 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">14</sup> / cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) at an AlGaN/GaN heterostructure as source and drain, which can be obtained by controlling the tensile stress accompanied with the growth of GaN on silicon substrate. The fabricated MOSFET with an Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> gate insulator exhibited excellent device performance, such as a threshold voltage of 2 V, drain current of 353 mA/mm, extrinsic transconductance of 98 mS/mm, and field-effect mobility of 225 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /V·s.
CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION FOR DIAGNOSIS (1959)

Improved methods of detection, and the survival of patients who formerly died during infancy or before reaching reproductive age, may well reveal a much larger incidence of congenital heart disease.<sup>1</sup>However, the number of patients who require cardiac catheterization for definitive diagnosis will not increase. The very fact that 12 years' experience with the technique has increased the accuracy of clinical diagnosis accounts for the lessened frequency with which cardiac catheterizations are now done.<sup>2</sup>It is apparent that precise diagnosis in a majority of patients with congenital heart disease as well as patients with acquired heart disease may be achieved by purely clinical techniques.<sup>3</sup> <h3>Diagnostic Approach</h3> The detailed history, physical examination, x-ray studies, and electrocardiographic data are often sufficiently distinctive for definitive diagnosis. This is most vividly demonstrated by recent practice at the Mayo Clinic, where about 90% of pediatric patients with tetralogy of Fallot are referred
Absorption of Nitrogen during Pulsed Wave L-PBF of 17-4 PH Steel (2021)

In the fabrication of 17-4 PH by laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) the well-documented occurrence of large amounts of retained austenite can be attributed to an elevated concentration of nitrogen present in the material. While the effects of continuous wave (CW) laser processing on in-situ nitrogen absorption characteristics have been evaluated, power modulated pulsed wave (PW) laser processing effects have not. In this study the effects of PW L-PBF processing of 17-4 PH on nitrogen absorption, phase composition, and mechanical performance are explored using commercially available PW L-PBF equipment and compared to samples produced by CW L-PBF. PW L-PBF samples fabricated in cover gas conditions with varying amounts of nitrogen demonstrated reduced absorption levels compared to those produced by CW L-PBF with no effects on phase composition and minimal effects on mechanical performance.
Lithium Increases Serotonin Release and Decreases Serotonin Receptors in the Hippocampus (1981)

The effects of long-term lithium administration on pre- and postsynaptic processes involved in serotonergic neurotransmission were measured in rat hippocampus and cerebral cortex. Long-term lithium administration increased both basal and potassium chloride-stimulated release of endogenous serotonin from the hippocampus but not from the cortex. Serotonergic receptor binding was reduced in the hippocampus but not in the cortex. These results suggest a mechanism by which lithium may stabilize serotonin neurotransmission.
Submodular Approximation: Sampling-based Algorithms and Lower Bounds (2008)

We introduce several generalizations of classical computer science problems obtained by replacing simpler objective functions with general submodular functions.The new problems include submodular load balancing, which generalizes load balancing or minimum-makespan scheduling, submodular sparsest cut and submodular balanced cut, which generalize their respective graph cut problems, as well as submodular function minimization with a cardinality lower bound. We establish upper and lower bounds for the approximability of these problems with a polynomial number of queries to a function-value oracle.The approximation guarantees for most of our algorithms are of the order of radic(n/ln n). We show that this is the inherent difficulty of the problems by proving matching lower bounds.We also give an improved lower bound for the problem of approximately learning a monotone submodular function. In addition, we present an algorithm for approximately learning submodular functions with special structure, whose guarantee is close to the lower bound. Although quite restrictive, the class of functions with this structure includes the ones that are used for lower bounds both by us and in previous work. This demonstrates that if there are significantly stronger lower bounds for this problem, they rely on more general submodular functions.
Treatment and Prognosis of Patients with Fibrolamellar Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A National Perspective (2013)

Patients with FLC have many clinicopathologic features that are different from those of patients with HCC, including younger age and female sex. Despite a higher likelihood of advanced disease at the time of diagnosis, surgically treated FLC patients had better long-term outcomes than patients with conventional HCC.
Diffusion-Weighted Imaging in Stroke (2019)

Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides image contrast that is dependent on the molecular motion of water and therefore provides unique information on the state of brain parenchyma as it responds to acute ischemia. The characteristic changes in diffusion that occur in acute infarctions often enable diffusion-weighted images (DWI) to detect lesions that would not be detected by any other imaging technique. Diffusion MRI has therefore assumed an essential role in the detection of acute ischemic brain infarction and in differentiating acute infarction from other disease processes. The chapter deals with a brief review of the biophysical basis for the changes in diffusion associated with acute stroke followed by a description of the appearance of ischemic lesions as they evolve on diffusion MR images. The biophysical basis for the rapid decrease in diffusion coefficients in acutely ischemic brain tissue is complex. The DWI lesion is thought to represent the infarction core, or tissue that is destined to infarct.
决策代理基础 逻辑、概率及模态 (2010)

模拟人类行为的人工智能（AI）系统经常被称为智能代理。按照定义，这些智能代理表现出某些类似于人类的智能形式。例如，智能代理能从环境中学习，做出规划与决策，以适当的动作对环境做出反应，表达情感或修正信念。智能代理典型地利用知识表示语言中基本信念与知识建模来表示人类的认知状态。本书作者使用术语“认识状态”来指在某一给定的时问点引起人类行为的实际或可能的认知状态。
CERAMIC CARBIDE POWDER SYNTHESIS IN A NON-TRANSFERRED ARC PLASMA FLOW REACTOR (1993)

Abstract A method for the synthesis of fine, pure ceramic carbide powders such as silicon carbide, boron carbide and titanium carbide has been developed involving the thermal dissociation of silica, boron oxide or titanium oxide and methane in a thermal plasma, followed by the formation of the carbides in flight and rapid quenching. A non-transferred arc thermal plasma reactor has been designed, engineered, constructed and operated for this synthesis. The powders have been characterized chemically and physically. Thermodynamic calculations were performed to identify the appropriate experimental conditions and confirm the interpretations of the observed experimental results. A reaction mechanism is proposed based upon the experimental observations and results
Contextualized indicators for online failure diagnosis in cellular networks (2015)

This paper presents a novel approach for self-healing in cellular networks based on the application of mobile terminals context information: time, service, activity, identity and, especially, location. Context information is therefore used to support root cause analysis, providing improved network fault diagnosis compared to classical non-context-aware approaches. The integration of context information is implemented by means of the newly defined contextualized indicators. These are used in order to integrate user equipment context information in pre-existent failure management schemes. The presented techniques are especially suitable for indoor small cell scenarios, whose particular conditions of dynamic user distribution, overlapping coverage, dynamic radio and service provisioning environment, etc., make previous diagnosis schemes especially unreliable. The algorithms and methodology for the proposed context-aware system are defined and its performance is assessed by means of an LTE system-level simulator.
Spatial Genetic Patterning of the Embryonic Neuroepithelium Generates GABAergic Interneuron Diversity in the Adult Cortex (2007)

Cortical pyramidal cells are generated from pallial neuroepithelial precursors, whereas GABAergic interneurons originate in subpallial germinal zones and migrate tangentially to reach the cortex. Using Cre-lox technology in transgenic mice and a series of molecular markers that subdivide the subpallial neuroepithelium into small domains, we fate-map precursor pools and identify interneurons generated from each domain. Cortical interneurons expressing calbindin, parvalbumin, and somatostatin are generated exclusively from Lhx6 (Lim homeobox 6)-expressing precursors in the medial ganglionic eminence (MGE). Martinotti cells that coexpress calretinin and somatostatin are generated from the dorsal region of the MGE neuroepithelium that expresses Nkx6.2 (NK2 transcription factor-related 6.2). Most neuropeptide Y-expressing cells and all bipolar calretinin-expressing interneurons are generated outside the MGE, from the germinal zones of the lateral/caudal ganglionic eminences that express Gsh2 (genomic screened homeobox 2). Our data demonstrate that subpallial neuroepithelial domains defined by expression of genetic determinants generate distinct interneuron subtypes, thereby contributing to the generation of cortical interneuron heterogeneity observed in the adult cortex.
Presbyopietherapie mit Femtosekundenlaser (2008)

Fragestellung: Seit 2 Jahren fördert das BMBF ein Verbundprojekt von OphthalmoInnovation Thüringen (OIT) in dem die Möglichkeit mittels Femtosekunden-Laser-Schnitten eine Elastizitätssteigerung der Augenlinse zu erreichen geprüft werden soll. Fernziel ist eine Behandlung bzw. Verzögerung der Presbyopie mittels Laserimpulsen. Methodik: Am Frauenhofer-Institut für Optik in Jena wurde aus OCT Messreihen von Gesunden Probanden aus dem Klinikum Erfurt ein mathematisches Augenmodell errechnet. Der Energieeintrag und verschiedene Schnittmuster in die Linse wurde am Institut für Angewandte Physik anhand dieser Daten simuliert. Ergebnisse: Aus den klinischen Messungen und der mathematischer Modellrechnung lässt sich eine Bestätigung des Helmholtz'schen Akkommodationsmodells ableiten. Die experimentellen Laserdaten weisen eine Auflockerrung der Linse in der gelaserten Zone nach. Eine Verschiebung von Linsenschichten gegeneinander kann damit erleichtert werden. Dieser Effekt wird mit einem Energieeintrag erreicht, der unter den kritischen Werten für die anderen okularen Gewebe, insbesondere der Netzhaut liegt. Schlussfolgerungen: Eine Therapie der Presbyopie mittels Femtosekundenlaser erscheint möglich. Im weiteren Ablauf des Projekts müssen genaue Schnittmuster in der Linse definiert werden und die Frage der Induzierung einer Katarakt geklärt werden.
Voiced–unvoiced classification for recognition of stop consonants (1999)

Significant error in stop consonant recognition is caused by the confusion between voiced stop consonants and their unvoiced counterparts. The recognition is based on HMM’s which use 12 MFCC’s and energy with their time derivatives. The voicing state is the distinctive feature of homorganic stop consonants. According to recognition error-rate analysis, it seems that the cepstral feature does not accurately represent the voicing state of the modeled phone. For this purpose, a voiced–unvoiced classifier in conjunction with HMM’s is proposed to improve the recognition of stop consonants. The recognition is done in two passes. In the first pass, a phone recognizer uses well-trained HMM’s to identify a stop consonant. This pass provides the recognized stop consonant in addition to the log probability. In the second pass, the voiced–unvoiced classifier checks if the voicing state of the phone segment matches with its phonetic description. In the case of mismatch and low probability of recognition, the voiced (unvoiced) consonant is swapped with its corresponding unvoiced (voiced) counterpart. Recognition results are presented in terms of error rate, using different techniques of voiced–unvoiced classification. This method reduces the recognition error rate of stop consonants. [Research supported by DARPA Contract Nos. DABT63-93-C-0037, N66001-96-C-8510, and NSF Contract No. IRI-9618854.]
Micro-machinability of A-286 Steel with and without Laser Assist (2016)

Machinability of high nickel content steels (e.g. stainless) is known to be challenging. This paper presents an experimental study of the micro-machinability of A-286 (∼43 HRC), a precipitation-hardened high nickel content steel. Micro milling experiments are carried out under dry, wet, and laser-assisted conditions, and the resulting surface morphology, burr, part feature depth, tool wear, and cutting forces are analyzed. It is found that laser-assist consistently yields the best results characterized by minimal chip adhesion to the workpiece surface, low cutting forces, good feature depth accuracy, low tool wear, and acceptable burrs.
Diffusion and the limiting substrate in two‐substrate immobilized enzyme systems (1982)

The effects of mass transport resistances on two-substrate immobilized enzyme systems are investigated theoretically. It is shown that the effects of mass transport resistances on the overall reaction rate are related mainly to the transport of the limiting substrate. In the absence of external mass transport resistances, the limiting substrate can be identified by knowing only the ratio of the bulk substrate concentrations, the permeability of the support to the two substrates, and the stoichiometry of the reaction. However, a combination of internal and external mass transport resistances may result in the other substrate becoming limiting. These effects are most significant when the mass transport resistances are high. Applications in the design of enzyme electrodes and chemical reactors are discussed.
Field mapping and digital elevation modelling of submerged and unsubmerged hydraulic jump regions in a bedrock step–pool channel (2006)

Abstract High‐resolution tacheometric field surveying was integrated with computer‐assisted drafting to visualize and contrast three‐dimensional bed and water surface digital elevation models (DEMs) for submerged and unsubmerged hydraulic jump regions in a bedrock step–pool channel. Measurements were conducted for two discharge conditions. Since previous applica‐tions of three‐dimensional field mapping and digital elevation modelling of stream channels have been limited to smoothly contiguous gravel‐bedded systems, surveying was optimized by topographic setting and scaled to localized bed and water surface discontinuities. Traces and visualizations of the jump regions indicated that dichotomous decimetre shifts in water surface topography occurred for both jump regions from lower to higher discharges. Systematic removal of the survey points and DEM differencing indicated that point densities of ten points per square metre, in conjunction with a survey structure targeting grade breaks of 0·3–0·5 m, were required to capture decimetre form variations of the natural jump regions. The DEMs highlight the importance of recognizing the relationship between transcritical flow structures and localized topographic heterogeneities in bedrock channels. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Optical phenomena in mesoscale dielectric particles (2021)

During the last decade, new unusual physical phenomena have been discovered in studying the optics of dielectric mesoscale particles of an arbitrary three-dimensional shape with the Mie size parameter near 10 (q ~ 10). The paper provides a brief overview of these phenomena from optics to terahertz, plasmonic and acoustic ranges. The different particle configurations (isolated, regular or Janus) are discussed, and the possible applications of such mesoscale structures are briefly reviewed herein in relation to the field enhancement, nanoparticle manipulation and super-resolution imaging. The number of interesting applications indicates to a new promising scientific direction emerged in optics, terahertz and acoustic ranges, and plasmonics. In this paper we present the authors' view of these problems.
Temperature dependence of electrical resistivity in ternary graphite intercalation compounds (1994)

The in-plane electrical resistivity of non-exfoliated stage 2 and stage 5 K-FeCl3 graphite intercalated compounds was measured at a wide range of temperatures by using the standard four probe technique. The data of stage 5 exhibited a conductive behavior which is in contrast to the same stage of an exfoliated sample. The electrical resistivity exhibits a metallic behavior similar to the same stages of binary compound. The data are well fitted by a quadratic T-dependence.