gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cryopreservation of cell/hydrogel constructs based on a new cell-assembling technique (2009)

Abstract Organ manufacturing products hold the promise to be used widely in the future for complex organ failings. The cryopreservation of the product is a very important step in the commercialization activities. In this article, a new cell cryopreservation technique, whereby, cryoprotectants were directly incorporated into the cell/hydrogel constructs, prototyped according to the predesigned structure and then subjected to a special freezing/thawing process. The rheological and hydration properties of the cryopreservation systems indicated that the hydratabilities of the gelatin/alginate hydrogels were greatly increased while the eutectic temperatures were greatly decreased by the addition of glycerol. Dextran-40 was found to be effective to improve the cell survival when incorporated with glycerol. The optimal volume concentration of the cryopretectans was 2.5% (v/v) glycerol and 5% (g/mL) dextran-40 in the gelatin/alginate hydrogel. Under these conditions, the cell viability in the construct was 96.3 ± 3.4%. Microscopic, thiazolyl blue (MTT) and hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining results all indicated that the cells began to proliferate after thawing. The cells in the gelatin/alginate hydrogel with both glycerol and dextran-40 had greater proliferations than with only glycerol or dextran-40. This approach holds promise for a variety of applications in cell assembly for high-throughput drug screening and complex organ manufacturing areas.
Analysis of paralytic shellfish toxins and their metabolites in shellfish from the North Yellow Sea of China (2012)

Samples of toxic scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis) and clam (Saxidomus purpuratus) collected on the northern coast of China from 2008 to 2009 were analysed. High-performance liquid chromatography with post-column oxidation and fluorescence detection was used to determine the profile of the main paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins in these samples and their total toxicity. Hydrophilic interaction liquid ion chromatography with mass spectrometric detection confirmed the toxin profile and detected several metabolites in the shellfish. Results show that C1/2 toxins were the most dominant toxins in the scallop and clam samples. However, GTX1/4 and GTX2/3 were also present. M1 was the predominant metabolite in all the samples, but M3 and M5 were also identified, along with three previously unreported presumed metabolites, M6, M8 and M10. The results indicate that the biotransformation of toxins was species specific. It was concluded that the reductive enzyme in clams is more active than in scallops and that an enzyme in scallops is more apt to catalyse hydrolysis of both the sulfonate moiety at the N-sulfocabamoyl of C toxins and the 11-hydroxysulfate of C and GTX toxins to produce metabolites. This is the first report of new metabolites of PSP toxins in scallops and clams collected in China.
The Spectrum of Medical Imaging in the 2015 International Year of Light (2015)

This PDF file contains the editorial “The Spectrum of Medical Imaging in the 2015 International Year of Light” for JMI Vol. 2 Issue 03
A globalização na comunidade europeia (2012)

As consequencias da União Monetária europeia sobre a contratação coletiva e sobre o Direito do Trabalho e da seguridade social
Structural Characterization of Self-Assembled Multifunctional Binary Nanoparticle Superlattices (2006)

Nanocrystals of different size and functionality (e.g., noble metals, semiconductors, oxides, magnetic alloys) can be induced to self-assemble into ordered binary superlattices (also known as opals or colloidal crystals), retaining the size tunable properties of their constituents. We have built a variety of binary superlattices from monodisperse PbS, PbSe, CoPt3, Fe2O3, Au, Ag, and Pd nanocrystals, mixing and matching these nanoscale building blocks to yield multifunctional nanocomposites (metamaterials). Superlattices with AB, AB2, AB3, AB4, AB5, AB6, and AB13 stoichiometry with cubic, hexagonal, tetragonal, and orthorhombic symmetries have been identified. Assemblies with the same stoichiometry can be produced in several polymorphous forms by tailoring the particle size and deposition conditions. We have identified arrays isostructural with NaCl, CuAu, AlB2, MgZn2, MgNi2, Cu3Au, Fe4C, CaCu5, CaB6, NaZn13, and cub-AB13 compounds emphasizing the parallels between nanoparticle assembly and atomic scale crystal growth and providing confidence that many more structures will follow. Recently, we have demonstrated that electrical charges on sterically stabilized nanoparticles in addition to such parameters as particle size ratio and their concentrations can provide the formation of a much broader pallet of binary nanoparticle superlattices as compared with the limited number of possible superlattices formed by hard noninteracting spheres. In this contribution, we demonstrate a large variety of different binary superlattices, provide their detailed structural characterization, and discuss the role of energetic and kinetic factors in the cocrystallization process. We found that Coulomb, van der Waals, charge-dipole, dipole-dipole, and other interactions can contribute equally to cocrystallization, allowing superlattice formation to be dependent on a number of tunable parameters. We present binary superlattices as a new class of materials with a potentially unlimited library of constituents over a wide range of tunable structures.
Fatigue and Performance Data for Advanced Thin Wall Ceramic Catalysts (1998)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;With stricter emissions standards, low back pressure requirements, and 100,000 mile durability specifications, ceramic catalysts have undergone significant developments over the past few years. The thrust in the ceramics area has centered on thin-wall structures to minimize back pressure and on high cell density for rapid light-off in close-coupled applications. The thin-wall structures are extruded from low expansion cordierite ceramic with adequate strength and thermal shock resistance equivalent to those of standard cordierite substrate. Examples of thin-wall substrate include 350XT which is extruded from a very low expansion dense cordierite ceramic, and 400/4 and 600/4 cell structures extruded from a low expansion modified cordierite ceramic.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper will focus on the high fatigue resistance, excellent conversion efficiency, and low back pressure of 350 XT substrates with advanced washcoat system. The fatigue data at 200°C and 400°C show that the 350 XT catalyst is considerably superior to the standard three-way-catalyst employing 400/6.5 substrate. The fatigue constant for 350 XT catalyst ranges from 35 at 200°C to 45 at 400°C which implies that the advanced 350 XT catalyst can sustain 20 to 40% higher stress than the standard 400/6.5 catalyst over the 100,000 mile durability requirement. The advanced catalyst technology contains a high temperature stabilized alumina and ceria washcoat system which, following aging equivalent to 100,000 miles, yields FTP efficiencies which meet Tier 1 emission standards. The paper will conclude with the back pressure data which are superior to those for the standard 400/6.5 catalyst system due to thinner walls and larger hydraulic diameter.&lt;/div&gt;
A Diverse Large-Scale Dataset for Evaluating Rebroadcast Attacks (2018)

We describe the acquisition of a large, diverse set of rebroadcast images captured by a screen-grab, scanning a printed photo, or rephotographing a displayed or a printed photo. This dataset consists of 14,500 rebroadcast images captured from a diverse set of devices: 234 displays, 173 scanners, 282 printers, and 180 recapture cameras. The diversity of this dataset-across devices and types of rebroadcast-poses significant challenges to detecting rebroadcast attacks. We evaluate the efficacy of four different classifiers trained to simultaneously detect all types of rebroadcast images.
Effect of calcium and mineral waters on oleic-acid uptake by isolated hamster enterocytes (1994)

The effect of calcium upon the uptake of oleic acid solubilized with 10 mM taurocholate was investigated using an in vitro model of isolated enterocytes. The addition of Ca2+ to the incubation medium (Hanks' medium) led to a decrease in oleic-acid uptake. This uptake inhibition was dependent on both the amount of Ca2+ and the fatty-acid concentration, since the inhibitory effect was significant for 10 microM but not 100 microM oleic acid. The determination of the monomeric activity of oleic acid indicated that the decrease in fatty-acid uptake was not linked to the formation of insoluble calcium soaps. The replacement of Hank's medium by several mineral waters containing between 0.3 and 11.7 mM Ca2+ significantly reduced the uptake of both 10 and 100 microM oleic-acid. The ionic composition of these waters was correlated with the decrease of initial rate of oleic acid uptake, but Ca2+ and other ions could interfere by synergetic effects with the fatty-acid-absorption mechanism. It is concluded that the ion-induced inhibition of oleic-acid uptake is not due to the formation of insoluble soaps but rather to a direct effect on the fatty-acid transport in membranes. Whether the fatty-acid binding protein in the plasma membrane is involved in the effect of Ca2+ on fatty-acid transport remains to be established.
Low-voltage, high-speed AlSb/InAsSb HEMTs (1999)

Antimonide-based HEMTs have heen fabricated with an InAsSb channel. Infra-red photoluminescence measurements at 5K confirm that the addition of Sb changes the band structure from a staggered type II heterojunction lineup to a type I. These HEMTs with 0.1 µm gate length exhibit decreased output conductance and improved voltage gain. At VDS = 0.6 V, a microwave transconductance of 700 mS/mm and an output conductance of 110 mS/mm were obtained corresponding to a voltage gain of 6.
Radiolytic H2 in continental crust: Nuclear power for deep subsurface microbial communities (2005)

H 2 is probably the most important substrate for terrestrial subsurface lithoautotrophic microbial communities. Abiotic H 2 generation is an essential component of subsurface ecosystems truly independent of surface photosynthesis. Here we report that H 2 concentrations in fracture water collected from deep siliclastic and volcanic rock units in the Witwatersrand Basin, South Africa, ranged up to two molar, a value far greater than observed in shallow aquifers or marine sediments. The high H 2 concentrations are consistent with that predicted by radiolytic dissociation of H 2 O during radioactive decay of U, Th, and K in the host rock and the observed He concentrations. None of the other known H 2 ‐generating mechanisms can account for such high H 2 abundance either because of the positive free energy imposed by the high H 2 concentration or pH or because of the absence of required mineral phases. The radiolytic H 2 is consumed by methanogens and abiotic hydrocarbon synthesis. Our calculations indicate that radiolytic H 2 production is a ubiquitous and virtually limitless source of energy for deep crustal chemolithoautotrophic ecosystems.
Design of oversampling current steering DAC with 640 MHz equivalent clock frequency (2003)

Recent mobile communications demand high-speed and high-resolution data converters for digital signal processing (DSP) in the receiver and transceiver of the communication systems. Those applications require more than 14-bit resolution and several hundred of MHz bandwidth. In this paper, we propose a new sigma-delta parallel DAC (Digital-to-Analog Converter) structure that achieves the required accuracy with 640 MHz clock frequency. The circuit employs current steering and multi-bit solution with matching technique. The entire architecture has been verified by simulations with a 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS process (TI).
Electroless and electrolytic seed repair effects on Damascene feature fill (2001)

Damascene metallization processes utilizing PVD seed and electroplated copper are demonstrating the capability to provide void free fill in sub 0.1 micron generation features. Ultimately, the extendibility of this metallization sequence is limited by the trade-off between pinch-off of very small features at higher PVD thickness, and the lack of seed coverage near the feature base at lower PVD thickness. When very thin PVD seeds are augmented by a conformal copper deposition process, the pinch-off and poor seed coverage issues which limit filling during bottom-up electrodeposition are potentially reduced, while the adhesion properties of PVD deposition are maintained. This paper presents a study of electrolytic and electroless seed repair in 6:1 aspect ratio 0.18 micron vias seeded with PVD thickness of 250-1500 A Cu. Filling performance and copper coverage in vias after seed repair were studied. Results suggest that PVD thickness in the range of 500 A can be combined with both electroless and electrolytic film thickness in the range of 200 A to improve overall fill performance.
Aleukaemic leukaemia cutis as an initial manifestation of myeloid/NK cell precursor acute leukaemia (2006)

Aleukaemic leukaemia cutis is a rare condition characterized by infiltration of leukaemic cells into the skin before they appear in the peripheral blood. We report a case of an aleukaemic leukaemia cutis, which had a history of exposure to atomic bomb radiation. A 57-year-old Japanese woman initially presented with a 20-week history of multiple red papules and plaques mainly over the trunk. Histological examination revealed the infiltration of atypical monocytic cells in the dermis, but no leukaemic cells were detected in the peripheral blood. Twenty-three weeks after the appearance of the eruption, leukaemic cells were detected in the peripheral blood for the first time. The results of immunohistochemistry of the skin biopsy specimen and flow cytometry of the peripheral blood indicated the rare phenotype of myeloid/NK cell precursor acute leukaemia. This is the first case report of myeloid/NK cell precursor acute leukaemia presenting as aleukaemic leukaemia cutis in the English literature, and awareness of this clinical presentation may be important to reach the correct diagnosis.
Review: The role of microRNAs in kidney disease (2010)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that modulate physiological and pathological processes by inhibiting target gene expression via blockade of protein translation or by inducing mRNA degradation. These miRNAs potentially regulate the expression of thousands of proteins. As a result, miRNAs have emerged rapidly as a major new area of biomedical research with relevance to kidney disease. MiRNA expression has been shown to differ between the kidney and other organs as well as between different kidney regions. Furthermore, miRNAs have been found to be functionally important in models of podocyte development, diabetic nephropathy and polycystic kidney disease. Of particular interest, podocyte-specific deletion of Dicer, a key enzyme in the biogenesis of miRNA, results in proteinuria and severe renal impairment in mice. One miRNA (miR-192) can also act as an effector of transforming growth factor-β activity in the high-glucose environment of diabetic nephropathy. Differential expression of miRNAs has been reported in kidney allograft rejection. It is anticipated that future studies involving miRNAs will generate new insights into the complex pathophysiology underlying various kidney diseases, generate diagnostic biomarkers and might be of value as therapeutic targets for progressive kidney diseases. The purpose of this review is to highlight key miRNA developments in kidney diseases and how this might influence the diagnosis and management of patients with kidney disease in the future.
Synergistic Strengthening in Graphene Oxide and Oxidized Single‐walled Carbon Nanotube Hybrid Material for use as Electrolytes in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (2022)

Herein, we report an efficient proton exchange membrane formed from a synergistic combination of graphene oxide (GO) and oxidized single-walled carbon nanotube (CNTOX) by the freeze-drying route that gives rise to enhanced fuel cell power density. At 25 °C and 100% relative humidity (RH), the 3DGO-CNTOX hybrid shows remarkably high out-of-plane and in-plane proton conductivities of 6.64×10<sup>-2</sup> and 5.08 S cm<sup>-1</sup> , respectively. Additionally, the measured performance using prepared films as proton conduction membranes in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) exhibited a peak power density of 117.21 mW cm<sup>-2</sup> . The high performance of these films can be ascribed to the freeze-dried-driven structural morphology of 3DGO-CNTOX that facilitates higher water retention capacity as well as the synergistic strengthening effect between GO and CNTOX with a highly interconnected proton conduction network. The current results imply that the new 3DGO-CNTOX hybrid material has potential for wide application as a proton exchange membrane.
Video from a single coded exposure photograph using a learned over-complete dictionary (2011)

Cameras face a fundamental tradeoff between the spatial and temporal resolution - digital still cameras can capture images with high spatial resolution, but most high-speed video cameras suffer from low spatial resolution. It is hard to overcome this tradeoff without incurring a significant increase in hardware costs. In this paper, we propose techniques for sampling, representing and reconstructing the space-time volume in order to overcome this tradeoff. Our approach has two important distinctions compared to previous works: (1) we achieve sparse representation of videos by learning an over-complete dictionary on video patches, and (2) we adhere to practical constraints on sampling scheme which is imposed by architectures of present image sensor devices. Consequently, our sampling scheme can be implemented on image sensors by making a straightforward modification to the control unit. To demonstrate the power of our approach, we have implemented a prototype imaging system with per-pixel coded exposure control using a liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) device. Using both simulations and experiments on a wide range of scenes, we show that our method can effectively reconstruct a video from a single image maintaining high spatial resolution.
Clinical and Biological Significance of Tissue Transglutaminase in Ovarian Carcinoma (2008)

Tissue type transglutaminase (TG2) is a unique multifunctional protein that plays a role in many steps in the cancer metastatic cascade. Here, we examined the clinical (n = 93 epithelial ovarian cancers) and biological (in vitro adhesion, invasion, and survival and in vivo therapeutic targeting) significance of TG2 in ovarian cancer. The overexpression of TG2 was associated with significantly worse overall patient survival in both univariate and multivariate analyses. Transfection of TG2 into SKOV3ip1 cells promoted attachment and spreading on fibronectin-coated surfaces and increased the in vitro invasive potential of these cells. Conversely, TG2 silencing with small interfering RNA (siRNA) of HeyA8 cells significantly decreased the invasive potential of the cells and also increased docetaxel-induced cell death. In vivo therapy experiments using chemotherapy-sensitive (HeyA8) and chemotherapy-resistant (HeyA8-MDR and RMG2) models showed significant antitumor activity both with TG2 siRNA-1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine alone and in combination with docetaxel chemotherapy. This antitumor activity was related to decreased proliferation and angiogenesis and increased tumor cell apoptosis in vivo. Taken together, these findings indicate that TG2 overexpression is an adverse prognostic factor in ovarian carcinoma and TG2 targeting may be an attractive therapeutic approach.
Ultra-compact microwave filters using kinetic inductance microstrip (1991)

Multipole microwave filters were designed and fabricated using microstrip transmission line sections that consisted of two very thin films of sputtered NbN separated by another very thin film of sputtered Si. Since the thicknesses of all three films were much less than the superconducting penetration depth, the kinetic inductance was significantly greater than the magnetic inductance. As a result, the phase velocity of a microstrip transmission line is much less than the free-space speed of light. Since resonant structures are reduced in size proportionately, the size and weight of microstrip circuit can be greatly reduced. Prototype filters consisting of four open-circuited half-wavelength microstrip stubs separated by full-wavelength microstrip sections were measured. The circuits were connected to 34-mil-diameter coaxial cable via an intermediate coplanar waveguide section. Passbands of 4 GHz, separated by 3 GHz reject bands, were measured in a structure which occupied less than 0.5 cm/sup 2/, including the coplanar waveguide transitions. Higher-order passbands, although possessing an increased insertion loss, maintain filter passband characteristics through 20.0 GHz.
Data from Cutaneous Human Papillomaviruses Down-regulate AKT1, whereas AKT2 Up-regulation and Activation Associates with Tumors (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Epithelial tumorigenesis has been linked to AKT up-regulation. Human papillomaviruses (HPV) cause anogenital cancers and anogenital HPV infection up-regulates AKT activity. Mounting evidence points to a role for cutaneous HPVs as etiologic factors in skin tumorigenesis. High-risk cutaneous β HPVs have been linked to carcinogenesis in immunosuppressed patients, and high-risk cutaneous HPV8 genes enhance tumorigenesis in transgenic mice. We find that, in contrast to anogenital HPVs, cutaneous HPV8 early genes down-regulate epidermal AKT activity by down-regulating AKT1 isoform levels. This down-regulation occurs before papilloma formation or tumorigenesis and leads to cutaneous differentiation changes that may weaken the epidermal squame for viral release. We find that, in viral warts (papillomas) and HPV gene-induced epidermal tumors, AKT activity can be activated focally by up-regulation and phosphorylation of the AKT2 isoform. In squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), AKT1 down-regulation is also common, consistent with a viral influence, whereas AKT2 up-regulation is widespread. Activation of up-regulated AKT2 by serine phosphorylation associates with high-grade tumors. Our data suggest that AKT2 up-regulation is characteristic of SCC and that coincident AKT2 activation through serine phosphorylation correlates with malignancy. These findings highlight differences between the effects of anogenital and cutaneous HPV on epithelial AKT activity and furthermore show that AKT isoforms can behave differently during epidermal tumorigenesis. These findings also suggest AKT2 as a possible therapeutic tumor target in SCC. [Cancer Res 2007;67(17):8207–15]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;