gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Technique helps extend cotton valley frac (1989)

Over the past decade, trastuzumab was the only available monoclonal anti-HER2 antibody for the treatment of HER2 positive breast and gastric cancer. Recently, pertuzumab added to docetaxel and trastuzumab showed dramatic overall survival improvement in first line treatment of HER2 positive metastatic breast cancer. Pertuzumab is the first approved monoclonal antibody in a new class of drugs called dimerization inhibitors. This agent was also approved in association with trastuzumab for neoadjuvant HER2-positive breast cancer treatment. However, pertuzumab development was not confined to breast cancer and in the present review, we will focus on biological rational, preclinical data and clinical trial results of pertuzumab in solid tumors excluding breast cancer.
Data Modelling for the Evaluation of Virtualized Network Functions Resource Allocation Algorithms (2017)

To conduct a more realistic evaluation on Virtualized Network Functions resource allocation algorithms, researches needed data on: (1) potential NFs chains (policies), (2) traffic flows passing through these NFs chains, (3) how the dynamic traffic changes affect the NFs (scale out/in) and (4) different data center architectures for the NFC. However, there are no publicly available real data sets on NF chains and traffic that pass through NF chains. Therefore we have used data from previous empirical analyses and made some assumptions to derive the required data to evaluate resource allocation algorithms for VNFs. We developed four programs to model the gathered data and generate the required data. All gathered data and data modelling programs are publicly available at github repository.
Vibrotactile measurement procedure for assessing peripheral neuropathies (1989)

It has been suggested that some peripheral neuropathies may be detected earlier by vibrotaction than by more traditional methods (viz., nerve conduction). Most commercial apparatus for this purpose is designed primarily for use on any flesh surface, and only records the sensitivity of one mechanoreceptor type. Recent laboratory studies have identified a technique for establishing, independently, the sensitivity of each of the three receptor populations essential for the sense of touch at the fingertip, with minimal effect from confounding variables. A portable measurement system using this technique has now been developed for clinical use or field surveys, which enables the thresholds of untrained subjects to be determined rapidly, by employing audiometriclike procedures. The data are conveniently summarized by “tactograms,” or “tactilograms,” in which the change in vibrotactile threshold from the mean value recorded in normal hands, at each frequency, is expressed graphically, in a manner similar to an audiogram. Results from persons with diagnosed or suspected neuropathies have revealed three patterns of threshold shift, at least one of which is receptor specific.
Core-collapse supernovae in the Dark Energy Survey: luminosity functions and host galaxy demographics (2023)

ABSTRACT We present the luminosity functions and host galaxy properties of the Dark Energy Survey (DES) core-collapse supernova (CCSN) sample, consisting of 69 Type II and 50 Type Ibc spectroscopically and photometrically confirmed supernovae over a redshift range 0.045 &amp;lt; z &amp;lt; 0.25. We fit the observed DES griz CCSN light curves and K-correct to produce rest-frame R-band light curves. We compare the sample with lower redshift CCSN samples from Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) and Lick Observatory Supernova Search (LOSS). Comparing luminosity functions, the DES and ZTF samples of SNe II are brighter than that of LOSS with significances of 3.0σ and 2.5σ, respectively. While this difference could be caused by redshift evolution in the luminosity function, simpler explanations such as differing levels of host extinction remain a possibility. We find that the host galaxies of SNe II in DES are on average bluer than in ZTF, despite having consistent stellar mass distributions. We consider a number of possibilities to explain this – including galaxy evolution with redshift, selection biases in either the DES or ZTF samples, and systematic differences due to the different photometric bands available – but find that none can easily reconcile the differences in host colour between the two samples and thus its cause remains uncertain.
Optimal chaining in expression trees (1986)

Chaining is the ability to pipeline two or more vector instructions on Cray-1 like machines. We show how to optimally use this feature to compute (vector) expression trees, in the context of automatic code-generation. We present a linear-time scheduling algorithm for finding an optimal order of evaluation for a machine with a bounded number of registers.
Targeting Resistance to Targeted Therapies: Combating a Resilient Foe (2018)

While the advent of third-generation therapies has dramatically changed the treatment paradigm for EGFR-mutated lung cancer, resistance to these agents inevitably emerges. Understanding resistance mechanisms and their genomic underpinnings is crucial for developing innovative strategies that are capable of meaningfully prolonging patient survival.<i>See related article by Le et al., p. 6195</i>.
Dielectric elastomer sensors adapted for monitoring compression load of clamped battery cells (2023)

Condition monitoring of Li-ion cells in battery packs for electric vehicles is becoming increasingly important, not only in terms of safety, but also with respect to predictive maintenance and recycling applications of the battery. Parameters already monitored by the battery management system are the pack temperature and electrical properties such as cell voltage and current flow. The compression load in a stacked battery pack, which changes not only during charging and discharging but also during aging, would provide valuable information about the health condition of the cell. This work shows the development of a dielectric elastomer sensor (DES) system especially adapted for monitoring the compression load of clamped Li-ion cells. By attaching special elastomer-based structures on both sides of an elastomer film, a thin and soft compression load sensor is realized. Various sensor configurations were investigated in order to increase the sensor performance in the required pressure range of the battery cell. The sensor design was varied by using different structures or by modifying the elastomer material or the electrodes of the intermediate elastomer film. The sensor characterization was performed by applying a controlled compression load and simultaneously recording the capacitance signals of the sensor. First cycling experiments using a sensor array in a clamped setup with the battery cell showed that the sensor capacitance depends on the compression load as the cell is charged and discharged. This result demonstrates the great potential in the field of condition monitoring of Li-ion battery cells.
Revealing the Catalytic Role of Sn Dopant in CO2‐Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Propane over Pt/Sn‐CeO2 Catalyst (2022)

Abstract CO 2 ‐oxidative dehydrogenation of propane (CO 2 ‐ODHP) provides a promising route for propylene production. Sufficient propane conversion and propylene selectivity remain a great challenge due to the difficulty in activating inert propane and CO 2 simultaneously. Herein, a Sn doped CeO 2 supported Pt (Pt/Sn‐CeO 2 ) catalyst in CO 2 ‐ODHP reaction is reported. Sn doping appears to kill two birds with one stone for propane and CO 2 activation. On the one side, it increases the electron density of Pt species via PtSn alloy formation, promoting propane adsorption and C−H bond cleavage. On the other side, it enhances oxygen vacancy concentrations of CeO 2 support, facilitating CO 2 dissociation. A higher propylene selectivity (63.9 % vs 22.3 %) was obtained on 0.1 wt % Pt/1.0 wt % Sn‐CeO 2 than that on 0.1 wt % Pt/CeO 2 with a comparable propane conversion (15.1 % vs 14.3 %) at 550 °C after 240 min on stream. This work provides a reference for designing efficient catalysts.
Survival of encapsulated islets: More than a membrane story (2016)

At present, proven clinical treatments but no cures are available for diabetes, a global epidemic with a huge economic burden. Transplantation of islets of Langerhans by their infusion into vascularized organs is an experimental clinical protocol, the first approach to attain cure. However, it is associated with lifelong use of immunosuppressants. To overcome the need for immunosuppression, islets are encapsulated and separated from the host immune system by a permselective membrane. The lead material for this application is alginate which was tested in many animal models and a few clinical trials. This review discusses all aspects related to the function of transplanted encapsulated islets such as the basic requirements from a permselective membrane (e.g., allowable hydrodynamic radii, implications of the thickness of the membrane and relative electrical charge). Another aspect involves adequate oxygen supply, which is essential for survival/performance of transplanted islets, especially when using large retrievable macro-capsules implanted in poorly oxygenated sites like the subcutis. Notably, islets can survive under low oxygen tension and are physiologically active at > 40 Torr. Surprisingly, when densely crowded, islets are fully functional under hyperoxic pressure of up to 500 Torr (> 300% of atmospheric oxygen tension). The review also addresses an additional category of requirements for optimal performance of transplanted islets, named auxiliary technologies. These include control of inflammation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and the intra-capsular environment. The review highlights that curing diabetes with a functional bio-artificial pancreas requires optimizing all of these aspects, and that significant advances have already been made in many of them.
Nonlinear Vectorial Metasurface for Optical Encryption (2019)

In the manipulation of the propagation of light, nonlinear optical metasurfaces have enabled a plethora of applications. A key issue in this area is how to arbitrarily control the vectorial polarization profile of nonlinear optical waves. This study demonstrates an ultrathin nonlinear photonic metasurface that can generate a vectorial polarization profile of the second-harmonic-generation beam, and therefore encodes a high-resolution grayscale image. This rich polarization information has significant potential for nonlinear optical image encryption and other security applications, such as anticounterfeiting.
Aerosol elemental concentrations in the tropopause region from intercontinental flights with the Civil Aircraft for Regular Investigation of the Atmosphere Based on an Instrument Container (CARIBIC) platform (2002)

This study with the Civil Aircraft for Regular Investigation of the Atmosphere Based on an Instrument Container (CARIBIC) platform investigates the aerosol elemental concentrations at 9–11 km altitude in the northern hemisphere. Measurements from 31 intercontinental flights over a 2‐year period between Germany and Sri Lanka/Maldives in the Indian Ocean are presented. Aerosol samples were collected with an impaction technique and were analyzed for the concentration of 18 elements using particle‐induced X‐ray emission (PIXE). Additional measurements of particle number concentrations, ozone and carbon monoxide concentrations, and meteorological modeling were included in the interpretation of the aerosol elemental concentrations. Particulate sulphur was found to be by far the most abundant element. Its upper tropospheric concentration increased, on average, by a factor of 2 from the tropics to midlatitudes, with another factor 2 higher concentrations in the lowermost stratosphere over midlatitudes. Correlation patterns and source profiles suggest contributions from crustal sources and biomass burning, but not from meteor ablation. Coinciding latitudinal gradients in particulate sulphur concentrations and emissions suggest that fossil fuel combustion is an important source of the aerosol in the upper troposphere and lowermost stratosphere. The measurements indicate aerosol transport along isentropic surfaces across the tropopause into the lowermost stratosphere. As a result of the prolonged residence time, ageing via oxidation of sulphur dioxide in the lowermost stratosphere was found to be a likely high‐altitude, strong source that, along with downward transport of stratospheric air, could explain the vertical gradient of particulate sulphur mass concentration around the extratropical tropopause.
Intelligent reflecting surface enhanced wideband MIMO-OFDM communications: From practical model to reflection optimization (2020)

Intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) is envisioned as a revolutionary technology for future wireless communication systems since it can intelligently change radio environment and integrate it into wireless communication optimization. However, most existing works adopted an ideal IRS reflection model, which is impractical and can cause significant performance degradation in realistic wideband systems. To address this issue, we first study the dual phase- and amplitude-squint effect of reflected signals and present a simplified practical IRS reflection model for wideband signals. Then, an IRS enhanced wideband multiuser multi-input single-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MU-MISO-OFDM) system is investigated. We aim to jointly design the transmit beamformer and IRS reflection for the case of using both continuous and discrete phase shifters to maximize the average sum-rate over all subcarriers. By exploiting the relationship between sum-rate maximization and mean square error (MSE) minimization, the original problem is equivalently transformed into a multi-block/variable problem, which can be efficiently solved by the block coordinate descent (BCD) method. Complexity and convergence for both cases are analyzed or illustrated. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can offer significant average sum-rate enhancement compared to that achieved using the ideal IRS reflection model, which confirms the importance of the use of the practical model for the design of wideband systems.
La Suède (2001)

Tableau LI – SuèdePrincipaux indicateurs cinématographiques Plus grand pays Scandinave (450 000 kilomètres carrés pour presque 9 millions d’habitants), la Suède a stabilisé sa fréquentation au début des années quatre-vingt-dix après avoir perdu les quatre cinquièmes de ses spectateurs en quarante ans (70 millions en 1957). À l’instar de la Norvège, elle est l’un des rares pays à ne pas avoir vu ses entrées progresser au cours de la dernière décennie (≈ 15 millions d’entrées), et son taux de ...
WHY DO WE NEED CYTOMEGALOVIRUS-SPECIFIC MEMORY T CELLS? (2008)

ten Berge, I J.M.; Remmerswaal, E; Lages, N A.; van Leeuwen, E M.M.; van Lier, R A.W. Author Information
Design and execution of validation experiments (2010)

Chapter 10, Model validation fundamentals, discussed the philosophy of validation experiments and how they differ from traditional experiments as well as calibration experiments. A validation experiment is conducted for the primary purpose of determining the predictive accuracy of a mathematical model. In other words, a validation experiment is designed, executed, and analyzed for the purpose of quantitatively determining the ability of a mathematical model and its embodiment in a computer code to simulate a well-characterized physical process. In this chapter we describe six primary guidelines for the design and execution of validation experiments. Our discussion will also deal with how these guidelines can be carried out and why they are sometimes difficult to execute in practice.
P1458CONSERVATIVE MANAGEMENT VERSUS DIALYSIS IN ESKD PATIENTS WITH HIGH COMORBIDITY AND FRAILTY (2020)

Abstract Background and Aims ESKD population is increasingly older, frail and with cumulative comorbidities. Conservative management (CM) is a valid approach in selected cases but less well studied than the dialytic or transplant treatment. The objective of our study was to characterize our CM population and compare it with those who induced dialysis. Method We present a retrospective study from a tertiary hospital, from 2014-2019. A total of 379 patients presented with dialytic indication at hospital admission and out of these 15.3% (G1, n=58) were managed conservatively. They were characterized using the modified Charlson comorbidity index (mCCI) and Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS). A survival comparison was made between CM population (G1), those who were placed on dialysis (G2, n=321) and a subset of these (G3, n=43) who were older (≥75 years) and with higher level of disability (CFS &amp;gt;4 and mCCI &amp;gt; 4). Results CM population was older (G1 vs G2 p &amp;lt;0.01, G1 vs G3 p &amp;lt;0.5), more frail (G1 vs G2 p &amp;lt;0.01, G1 vs G3 p &amp;lt;0.44), and with a higher comorbidity index (G1 vs G2 p &amp;lt;0.01, G1 vs G3 p &amp;lt;0.06). The option for CM was based on the existence of comorbidities associated with less than 6 month survival (n=13, 22.4%), functional detriment (n=33, 56.9%), cognitive status (n=15, 25.9%) or self-choice (n=12, 20.7%); 10.3% (n=6) already had an autologous vascular access implanted. There is a statistically significant (p&amp;lt;0.01) survival benefit among those who begin dialysis even among the subgroup G3. The comparative survival rates between G1 and G3 was 19% (n=11) vs 86% (n=37) at 3 months, and 1.7% (n=1) vs 60.5% (n=26) at 1 year, respectively (p&amp;lt;0.01). Conclusion In our study, dialysis prolonged survival for elderly ESKD patients with significant comorbidity and frailty. The choice between modalities was not an unmodifiable decision as evidenced by the number of patients in the CM group who had a vascular access. Despite these results we still believe that CM is an appropriate treatment option for whom dialytic therapy or transplantation is not expected to bring out benefit. A future focus on quality of life, psychosocial impact, and symptom burden, is needed to establish the true benefits of dialysis in these population.
Rank Histograms of Stratified Monte Carlo Ensembles (2012)

Abstract The application of forecast ensembles to probabilistic weather prediction has spurred considerable interest in their evaluation. Such ensembles are commonly interpreted as Monte Carlo ensembles meaning that the ensemble members are perceived as random draws from a distribution. Under this interpretation, a reasonable property to ask for is statistical consistency, which demands that the ensemble members and the verification behave like draws from the same distribution. A widely used technique to assess statistical consistency of a historical dataset is the rank histogram, which uses as a criterion the number of times that the verification falls between pairs of members of the ordered ensemble. Ensemble evaluation is rendered more specific by stratification, which means that ensembles that satisfy a certain condition (e.g., a certain meteorological regime) are evaluated separately. Fundamental relationships between Monte Carlo ensembles, their rank histograms, and random sampling from the probability simplex according to the Dirichlet distribution are pointed out. Furthermore, the possible benefits and complications of ensemble stratification are discussed. The main conclusion is that a stratified Monte Carlo ensemble might appear inconsistent with the verification even though the original (unstratified) ensemble is consistent. The apparent inconsistency is merely a result of stratification. Stratified rank histograms are thus not necessarily flat. This result is demonstrated by perfect ensemble simulations and supplemented by mathematical arguments. Possible methods to avoid or remove artifacts that stratification induces in the rank histogram are suggested.
Projection Exposure with Variable Axis Immersion Lenses: A High-Throughput Electron Beam Approach to “Suboptical” Lithography (1995)

IBM's high-throughput e-beam stepper approach PRojection Exposure with Variable Axis Immersion Lenses (PREVAIL) is reviewed. The PREVAIL concept combines technology building blocks of our probe-forming EL-3 and EL-4 systems with the exposure efficiency of pattern projection. The technology represents an extension of the shaped-beam approach toward massively parallel pixel projection. As demonstrated, the use of variable-axis lenses can provide large field coverage through reduction of off-axis aberrations which limit the performance of conventional projection systems. Subfield pattern sections containing 10 7 or more pixels can be electronically selected (mask plane), projected and positioned (wafer plane) at high speed. To generate the entire chip pattern subfields must be stitched together sequentially in a combination of electronic and mechanical positioning of mask and wafer. The PREVAIL technology promises throughput levels competitive with those of optical steppers at superior resolution. The PREVAIL project is being pursued to demonstrate the viability of the technology and to develop an e-beam alternative to “suboptical” lithography.
Gyroscope free strapdown inertial measurement unit by six linear accelerometers (1994)

A six-accelerome ter configuration is presented to compute the rotationa^ and translational acceleration of a rigid body. This theoretical minimum accelerometer configuration has as stable a mechanization equation as that of recent results of nine-accelero meter schemes. Associated equations/that can be used to work with the accelerometer location and orientation errors are also derived. For navigation application, the novel design can be integrated with other sensors of complementary characteristics to enhance the performance.
Hybrid Overlay Multicast Simulation and Evaluation (2009)

The Scalable Adaptive Multicast Research Group (SAM RG) within the Internet Research Task Force (IRTF) is chartered to define a hybrid multicast protocol that opportunistically combines overlay multicast protocols and native multicast protocols to create and maintain hybrid multicast trees. A design for SAM hybrid multicast trees has been proposed that leverages the AMT multicast tunneling protocol. Evaluating hybrid multicast protocols is difficult for two reasons. The simulation environment must combine both a scalable overlay and a detailed network layer that includes routers with native multicast support. Suitable metrics are needed to compare the tree quality with pure overlay multicast trees. This paper presents our approach to simulating and evaluating hybrid multicast protocols.