gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mometasone furoate degradation and metabolism in human biological fluids and tissues (2003)

The in vitro metabolic and non-metabolic degradation kinetics of mometasone furoate (MF) was investigated in selected human biological fluids and subcellular fractions of tissues. Qualitative and quantitative differences in transformation profiles of MF were observed among human biological media. Degradation was the major event in plasma and urine with four new degradation products identified; A: 21-chloro-17alpha-hydroxy-16alpha-methyl-9beta,11beta-oxidopregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione 17-(2-furoate), B: 9alpha,21beta-dichloro-11beta,21alpha-dihydroxy-16alpha-methylpregna-1,4,17,20-tetraen-3-one 21-(2-furoate), C: 21beta-chloro-21alpha-hydroxy-16alpha-methyl-9beta,11beta-oxidopregna-1,4,17,20-tetraen-3-one 21-(2-furoate), and D: 21-chloro-17alpha-hydroxy-16alpha-methyl-9beta,11beta-oxidopregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione. A, B and C were predominant and D was minor in plasma while A and C were predominant in urine. Hydrolysis of the 17-ester bond of MF was not a major event in plasma. The turnover of MF in plasma was faster than that in phosphate buffers of pH 7.4. Metabolism of MF occurred primarily and rapidly in liver, appreciably in intestine, but negligibly in in vitro lung tissue. While 6beta-hydroxylation was a major metabolic pathway for MF in microsomes of both human liver and intestine, other parallel and subsequent metabolism pathways could also be involved. If these degradation and metabolic products are also formed and active in humans in vivo, both MF and its 'active' products need to be taken into account when determining the systemic bioavailability of MF and in establishing concentration-effect relationships with this drug.
MMNR: A Network Representation Framework Based on Multi-View Motif Fusion (2019)

Learning network representation has a variety of application scenarios, such as network classification and clustering. It is a promising direction that introducing the novel idea of higher-order motif into network representation. However, most existing motif-based network representation methods do not fully integrate external attributes, namely, the attributes on edges and nodes, including temporal, edge frequency, and node importance. In this paper, we propose a multi-view motif network representation framework (MMNR). Our framework fuses the static, temporal, edge-labeled and node-labeled motifs of 3 rd -order and 4 th -order to achieve the full integration of static, temporal, frequency and importance attributes in the network, and ultimately to realize unsupervised graph-level and node-level embedding simultaneously. Graph-level embedding takes advantage of the distribution of motifs, while node-level embedding further considers the location of nodes in motifs, and both of them fully incorporate external attributes. We analyze and explain the network behavior patterns in detail from four views of motif, and demonstrate the efficacy of MMNR over existing state-of-the-art methods on classification, clustering, and visualization. The classification accuracy of MMNR in graph-level embedding achieves 17% relative gains over the best-performing methods, and the silhouette coefficient of node-level embedding clustering is 0.21 higher than baseline. MMNR also shows clear boundaries and outperforms other methods in terms of visualization.
Fast Yet Rich Morphological Analysis (2011)

Implementations of models of morphologically rich languages such as Arabic typically achieve speed and small memory footprint at and elegant representations. We present a solution to modeling rich morphologies that is both fast and based on linguistically rich representations. In our approach, we convert a linguistically complex and abstract implementation of Arabic verbs in finite-state machinery into a simple precompiled tabular representation. 1
Spectral dependence of plasmon-enhanced fluorescence in a hollow nanotriangle assembled by DNA origami: towards plasmon assisted energy transfer (2018)

The precise positioning of plasmonic nanoscale objects and organic molecules can significantly boost our ability to fabricate hybrid nanoarchitectures with specific target functionalities. In this work, we used a DNA origami structure to precisely localize three different fluorescent dyes close to the tips of hollow gold nanotriangles. A spectral dependence of plasmon-enhanced fluorescence is evidenced through co-localized AFM and fluorescence measurements. The experimental results match well with explanatory FDTD simulations. Our findings open the way to the bottom-up fabrication of plasmonic routers operating through plasmon energy transfer. They will allow one to actively control the direction of light propagation.
STUDY ON THE INTERPARTICLE BONDING OF DOUBLE PRESSED PM ALLOY STEELS (2008)

Double pressing is a common technique for improving the relative density of sintered steel components, with resulting beneficial effect on the mechanical properties. To eliminate the work hardening introduced by the first pressing, an intermediate anneal is done before the second pressing, typically at temperatures at which carbon is not yet dissolved. In this work, interparticle bonding caused by the intermediate anneal is described through fractographic techniques for prealloyed steels Fe-MoC and Fe-Cr-Mo-C and compared to the fracture surfaces after final sintering. It showed that after annealing, interparticle bonding is significantly more pronounced in the Mo alloyed steel than in the Cr-Mo grade, apparently as a consequence of the more stable surface oxides in the latter material. After final sintering however there are virtually no differences and with regard to mechanical properties the Cr-Mo material offers considerable advantages.
Multiresolution broadcast for digital HDTV using joint source-channel coding (2003)

In the context of digital terrestrial broadcast of high-definition television (HDTV), the use of multiresolution joint source-channel coding is shown to provide an attractive alternative to traditional single resolution (SR) digital techniques. While SR schemes suffer from a sharp threshold effect in the fringes of the broadcast area, it is shown that a matched multiresolution approach to both source and channel coding can provide a stepwise graceful degradation. Furthermore, this multiresolution approach improves the behavior, in terms of coverage and robustness of the transmission scheme, over systems that are not specifically designed to broadcast situations. The authors examine the alternatives available for multiresolution transmission, through embedded modulation, possibly trellis-coded to increase coverage range. From a systems point of view, they also discuss the tradeoffs involved in the choice of coverage areas for the low- and high-resolution signals.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The Determinants of CD8+ Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Antiviral Activity Against Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (2012)

It is well established that CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are key players in the protective immune response against Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1).However, there are clear differences in the effectiveness with which particular CTLcontrol viral infection. Understanding the factors that contribute to the individualdifferences in CTL antiviral efficiency will have great implications for vaccine design, assuch information will provide important insights on the mechanism of efficacious antiviralactivity against HIV-1.One key factor that affects the CTL-mediated antiviral efficiency is the cell-surfacedownregulation of human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA-I) mediated by the HIV-1 Nefprotein. While the degree of Nef interference on CTL antiviral efficiency has been shownto be epitope specific, the factors that determine the susceptibility of CTL to Nef are notclear. Previous work has indicated that, the timing of epitope expression, functionalavidity, and protein targeting as well as HLA-I restriction can have varying degrees ofinfluence on how well a CTL can recognize infected cells and suppress HIV-1replication. The primary goal of this dissertation is to better define the role these factorsplay in influencing CTL antiviral activity.This was addressed using a variety of viral constructs, and HIV-1 specific CTL clones.In Chapter Three, I first examine CTL susceptibility to Nef-mediated HLA-Idownregulation using a previously described viral suppression assay, and identifyepitope properties that determine susceptibility to Nef. Then in Chapter Four, I focus onthe role of protein targeting in CTL antiviral activity. I specifically compare the role ofGag versus Env targeting in viral suppression efficiency, using viral constructs where aGag epitope is translocated to the Env protein.The data presented in this dissertation show that the kinetics of epitope presentation arean important determinant of CTL antiviral activity. Individual epitope presentationkinetics vary independently of protein, and the earlier the epitope is presented on thecell surface before Nef-mediated HLA-I downregulation, the more effectively CTL caneliminate virus-infected cells and suppress viral replication. Factors including protein properties, HLA-I restriction of the epitope, and functional avidity, are poor predictiveproperties of Nef susceptibility and CTL antiviral efficiency. Together these resultssuggest that the properties of individual epitopes, such as epitope expression kinetics,most strongly influence CTL antiviral activity. Lastly, future research could potentiallyfocus on the role of host factors, such as T cell receptor functions, in determining CTLantiviral activity against HIV-1. A few proposed ideas are summarized in Chapter Five.
Classification of Fragrances and Fragrance Mixtures Based on Interfacial Solubilization (2011)

Abstract In the present study, the influence of perfumes on the interfacial curvature of microemulsions is investigated. The hydrophilic‐lipophilic deviation (HLD) concept was applied to nonionic Winsor I type systems (O/W microemulsions in equilibrium with an oil excess phase) containing a mixture of oils with isopropyl myristate as supporting oil and a variety of liquid solutes as co‐oil for which an Equivalent Alkane Carbon Number of the mixture (EACN mix ) was defined. Temperature was used as a formulation variable and the phase inversion temperature change, provoked by the solubilization of different solutes, was determined. The hydrodynamic radius of the droplet and the interfacial solubilization of fragrances were measured subsequently and correlated to the EACN mix . In a first step, selected perfumery raw materials (PRMs) were used as solutes and were studied separately. It was demonstrated that the PRMs can be classified in interfacial solubility according to their chemical functionalities and they follow the order alcohols &gt; aldehydes &gt; terpenes &gt; aromatics &gt; alkanes. Solutes that lead to low EACN mix values (&lt;6) have preferential interfacial solubility and provoke strong curvature changes, whereas those leading to higher EACN values (&gt;6) typically do not change the curvature significantly. The HLD method was also applied to complex fragrances and it was demonstrated that they can be considered as single, non‐polar entities, and studied as such instead of investigating each raw material included in the composition separately. Determination of the dimensionless number EACN mix offers the possibility of classifying perfumes in an environment similar to surfactant formulations of typical consumer products and to predict the interaction with the surfactant base according to the rules established on the basis of the individual raw materials.
Flexibility of DNA/PNA, DNA/LNA, DNA/RNA hybrids measured with a nanoscale transducer (2017)

We report a new application for a previously introduced enzyme-DNA supramolecular construct, as a method to assess bending stiffness of short (~10 nm long) synthetic nucleic acids. We obtain the first measurements of bending elasticity for DNA/PNA and DNA/LNA hybrids, and also assess the DNA/RNA hybrid. In order of increasing bending stiffness, we find: DNA/RNA, DNA/DNA, DNA/LNA, DNA/PNA. The experiments also probe the nonlinear elasticity regime of the coupled enzyme-nucleic acid molecules. We find the measurements consistent with the existence of a softening transition in the mechanics of the enzyme. This previously proposed nonlinearity maybe a general property of the folded state of proteins.
Effects of Sewage Sludge Cadmium Concentration on Chemical Extractability and Plant Uptake (1992)

Abstract Seventeen anaerobically digested sludges of widely varying total Cd contents were used to test the hypothesis that, at a fixed Cd application rate, plant uptake of the metal is proportional to Cd concentration in the sludge. Proof of this hypothesis would support the concept of a “clean” sludge as a mechanism for reducing risk of food‐chain contamination by sludge Cd. The sludges varied in total Cd content from 0.07 to 2.02 mmol/kg. The sludges were extracted with: (i) 0.05 M Ca(NO 3 ) 2 : (ii) 0.05 M Ca(NO 3 ) 2 plus 50 µ M Na‐EDTA (ethylene diamine tetraacetate); and (iii) Chelex 100 resin. Total concentrations of Cd and major cations and anions were determined in the equilibrium salt solutions, and the chemical speciation program GEOCHEM was used to calculate Cd 2+ activities. Uptake of Cd by sudax [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], a hybrid of sorghum [ Sorghum vulgare (L.) Moench] and sudangrass ( Sorghum vulgare var. sudanense ), was measured in a pot study at constant Cd application rates of 11 and 22 µmol/kg soil. Sudax was seeded into acid‐washed sand in paper pots with bottoms removed and the sand held in place with cheesecloth. After full root development, the pots were placed on similar containers containing 500 g (oven‐dry basis) of Spinks loamy sand (Typic Udipsamment) and grown for 6 wk. The aboveground biomass was weighed and analyzed for Cd. Total Cd (Cd T ) and Cd 2+ in Ca(NO 3 ) 2 and Ca(NO 3 )/EDTA, and resin‐extractable Cd were all correlated positively with each other and with sludge Cd T . Plant uptake of Cd was positively correlated with sludge Cd T ( R 2 = 0.33), Ca(NO 3 ) 2 ‐Cd T ( R 2 = 0.91), Ca(NO 3 ) 2 ‐Cd 2+ (0.89), Ca(NO 3 )/EDTA‐Cd T ( R 2 = 0.94), Ca(NO 3 )/EDTA‐Cd 2+ (0.90), and resin‐Cd ( R 2 = 0.92) Uptake was better correlated with Cd/P ratios in sludge than with Cd content alone. The results of this study support the hypothesis that plant uptake is controlled, in part, by sludge Cd chemistry, specifically sludge Cd content, and suggests that “clean” sludges pose less of a risk to the food chain than more contaminated sludges at equal sludge application rates.
Comparison of light-induced and laser-induced fluorescence methods for the detection and quantification of enamel demineralization (1999)

The Quantitative Laser-Induced Fluorescence (QLF) technique has been sued for diagnosis of early caries in permanent teeth (PT). The objective of this study was to determine the caries quantification ability of QLF in deciduous teeth (DT). Sixty sound teeth, thirty DT and thirty PT, were used. All teeth were cleaned to remove debris and equally divided into three groups. Lesions were created in small windows (0.8x2.0 mm<sup>2</sup>) on buccal or labial surface for 48, 72, and 96 hr. Lesion images were made with a 488 nm argon laser (QLF I) and then with a 370 &plusmn; 80 nm violet-blue light (QLF II). Both images were analyzed to determine the mean percent change in fluorescence radiance (&Delta;F). A center section from the lesions was taken for analysis with microradiography. The lesion depth and loss of mineral content were determined. The correlations between &Delta;F and lesion depth as well as &Delta;Z in DT were 0.76 and 0.84 with QLF I, 0.81 and 0.88 with QLF II, respectively. It can be concluded the ability of QLF to quantify white-spots in DT is better than in PT.
Cover Picture: Catalytic Enantioselective Tautomerization of Isolated Enols (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 37/2007) (2007)

The stereoselective formation and isolation of E enolates can be achieved either from the lithium enolate and isopropylephedrine or from the enol and lithium isopropylephedrate. As shown by C. Fehr on page 7119 ff., both pathways lead to the appreciated fragrance compound (S)-α-damascone which, as suggested by the cover picture, is chiral and smells rosy. The nonlinear effects observed by using a non-enantiomerically rich isopropylephedrine suggest that higher order mixed aggregates are involved in the enantioselective enol tautomerization. (B. Cogerino is thanked for the photo and Dr. A. Herrmann is thanked for assistance with the layout.)
No-tillage for flooded rice in Brazilian subtropical paddy fields: history, challenges, advances and perspectives (2021)

No-tillage (NT) has been one of the main advances related to soil management in Brazilian agriculture in the last 30 years. However, its full adoption in lowland areas that are traditionally cultivated with flooded rice is still incipient (<5 %). The main reasons are associated with the soil hydromorphic condition and the management of highly recalcitrant residual crop biomass, demanding soil disturbance even occasionally. This review presents a historical survey about the soil management systems utilized in lowland areas [...]
Acidity of Catalyst Surfaces. II. Amine Titration Using Hammett Indicators (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAcidity of Catalyst Surfaces. II. Amine Titration Using Hammett IndicatorsH. A. BenesiCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1957, 61, 7, 970–973Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j150553a030https://doi.org/10.1021/j150553a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1740Altmetric-Citations342LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Corticosteroid therapy for the treatment of acute attacks of crystal-induced arthritis: an effective alternative to nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. (1996)

To evaluate glucocorticoids as an alternative to nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs in patients with crystal-induced arthritis, a study was conducted in 27 patients with acute attacks of gout or chondrocalcinosis. Patients with contraindications to nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug therapy were given either a single intramuscular injection of 7 mg betamethasone (group B, n = 10) or, if they were receiving anticoagulant therapy, a single intravenous injection of 125 mg methylprednisolone (group C, n = 7). The remaining patients (group A, n = 10) were given diclofenac in a dosage of 150 mg per day for three days then 75 mg per day for three days. Efficacy was evaluated based on the self-evaluated subjective improvement (%) and on the severity of joint swelling on days 1, 3, and 6. Both parameters improved promptly in all three groups. C-reactive protein decreased between baseline and day 6. Few patients had relapses. Glucocorticoid therapy was well tolerated. Our data show that a single intramuscular or intravenous injection of a glucocorticoid is safe and effective in patients with crystal-induced arthritis and risk factors for intolerance to nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs.
Atomic absorption spectrometric determination of microamounts of lead in oxides of iron (1970)

既報に引き続き次の3件を検討した.(1)鉄イオンのマスキング剤としてトリエタノールアミンの適用(2)発光補償の有無が測定値に及ぼす影響(3)水溶液での検討(高感度機種で)結果(1)については鉄250mg,マンガン5mg,コバルト,クロム,ニッケル,亜鉛,各0.5mg,銅0.2mgまで共存しても影響がないこと.(2)については発光補償の影響が認められなかったこと.(3)については共存する鉄イオンをメチルイソブチルケトンで抽出後,水溶液を濃縮することにより0.001~0.010%の測定範囲で変動率は3%程度で既報のジチゾン-メチルイソブチルケトン溶媒抽出法と比較してじゅうぶん満足でき,実用的に簡易化できることが判明した.
Recognition of different HBV genotypes. (2017)

&lt;p&gt;LCL with varying HLA-A*02 subtypes were loaded with HBV peptides (1 μM) and co-cultured with T cells (CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; and CD4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; combined) transduced with C18-specific (A), S20-specific (B) or S172-specific (C) TCRs. T-cell activation was determined by IFN-γ secretion measured by ELISA. IFN-γ secretion is shown relative to that determined upon recognition of subtype HLA-A*02:01 loaded with the respective genotype A/D peptide (set to 100%), because this constellation had been used for isolating the TCRs. Peptide sequences: C18: HBV gt A/D: FLPSDFFPSV, HBV gt B/C: FLPSDFFPS&lt;b&gt;I&lt;/b&gt;; S20: HBV gt A/D: FLLTRILTI, HBV gt B/C: FLLT&lt;b&gt;K&lt;/b&gt;ILTI; S172: HBV gt A/D: WLSLLVPFV, HBV gt B/C: WLSLLV&lt;b&gt;Q&lt;/b&gt;FV. Data are presented as mean values +/- SEM from duplicate co-cultures.&lt;/p&gt;
A Convenient and Economic Method for the Synthesis of Monohydroxy‐pentaalkoxy‐ and Hexaalkoxytriphenylene Discotics. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
One micrometre scale self-aligned cobalt disilicideSchottky barrierdiodes (1995)

CoSi2/n-type silicon (111) Schottky barrier diodes on a 1 µm scale have been fabricated using a self-aligned silicide process incorporating magnetron sputtering and rapid thermal processing, in an industrial environment. Anneal temperatures in the range 700–1100°C have been used, and ideality factors of 1.06–1.07 were obtained in the range 700–900°C with larger values for higher temperatures. The consistency in the values of the ideality factor indicates that a wide annealing temperature window exists for the successful fabrication of CoSi2/silicon diodes.
AtATG Genes, Homologs of Yeast Autophagy Genes, are Involved in Constitutive Autophagy in Arabidopsis Root Tip Cells (2006)

In Arabidopsis root tips cultured in medium containing sufficient nutrients and the membrane-permeable protease inhibitor E-64d, parts of the cytoplasm accumulated in the vacuoles of the cells from the meristematic zone to the elongation zone. Also in barley root tips treated with E-64, parts of the cytoplasm accumulated in autolysosomes and pre-existing central vacuoles. These results suggest that vacuolar and/or lysosomal autophagy occurs constitutively in these regions of cells. 3-Methyladenine, an inhibitor of autophagy, inhibited the accumulation of such inclusions in Arabidopsis root tip cells. Such inclusions were also not observed in root tips prepared from Arabidopsis T-DNA mutants in which AtATG2 or AtATG5, an Arabidopsis homolog of yeast ATG genes essential for autophagy, is disrupted. In contrast, an atatg9 mutant, in which another homolog of ATG is disrupted, accumulated a significant number of vacuolar inclusions in the presence of E-64d. These results suggest that both AtAtg2 and AtAtg5 proteins are essential for autophagy whereas AtAtg9 protein contributes to, but is not essential for, autophagy in Arabidopsis root tip cells. Autophagy that is sensitive to 3-methyladenine and dependent on Atg proteins constitutively occurs in the root tip cells of Arabidopsis.