gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Athletics (2002)

The purpose of this study was to determine primary factors that contribute to the magnitude of the maximum torsional moment on the tibia during running based on information from three-dimensional shank kinematics and ground reaction forces. Eight male subjects were asked to run along a straight track at 5.0 m s-1. Data were collected using two high-speed cameras and a force platform. Each subject's left foot and tibia were modelled as a system of coupled rigid bodies. First, net axial moments acting at both ends of the tibia were calculated using inverse dynamics. Then the tibial torsional moment was determined from the quasi-equilibrium balance of the net tibial axial moments. Our results showed considerable inter-individual variations for the tibial torsional moment during the stance phase of running. The maximum torsional moment reflecting external rotational loading of the proximal tibia was significantly correlated with the outward tilt angle of the shank in the frontal plane (r = 0.78, p < 0.05) and with the vertical force of ground reaction (r = 0.70, p < 0.05). In conclusion, lowering tibial torsional loading by interventions based on the present findings may lead to the reduction of running injuries that occur in athletes' tibiae.
Hypoxic Effects on the Anterior Eye of High-Dk Soft Contact Lens Wearers Are Negligible (2001)

Hypoxia-associated effects were not apparent in the eyes of subjects wearing experimental high-Dk soft contact lenses. Conjunctival staining can generally distinguish lens wearers from non-lens wearers and can be used to discriminate between high-Dk lens wearing subjects and non-lens wearing subjects.
In the Golden Age of Organocatalysis (2004)

The term "organocatalysis" describes the acceleration of chemical reactions through the addition of a substoichiometric quantity of an organic compound. The interest in this field has increased spectacularly in the last few years as result of both the novelty of the concept and, more importantly, the fact that the efficiency and selectivity of many organocatalytic reactions meet the standards of established organic reactions. Organocatalytic reactions are becoming powerful tools in the construction of complex molecular skeletons. The diverse examples show that in recent years organocatalysis has developed within organic chemistry into its own subdiscipline, whose "Golden Age" has already dawned.
Leaf Foliar Absorption in Pentagramma triangularis and Polypodium californicum (2014)

In Riparian and moist zones of the Santa Monica Mountains of Southern California, ferns flourish. However, the Mediterranean climate they live in is subject to drought, and the area is currently facing the worst drought it has ever seen. With little moisture in the ground and streams drying up, these ferns are running out of sources of water. However, being on the coast, the area is subject to fog nightly. This research was done to see if ferns can do leaf foliar absorption, getting their water source from the air rather than the ground. We hypothesized that ferns do leaf foliar absorption, and that fern species with higher unit leaf area will absorb more water. We tested on two species of the seven that live in the area, Pentagramma triangularis and Polypodium californicum. Polypodium has rounder, larger fronds than Pentagramma, therefore we expected to see a difference if the hypothesis is correct. To do this we used a Scholander-Hammel Pressure Chamber, and standardized the xylem pressure in each fern to -10 bars. Then the ferns were submerged for thirty minutes each and the water potential was taken again. In between each step we took the mass, and at the end of the experiment we took the dry mass and surface area. We found significant results, especially when looking at the Polypodium californica, which is indicated in the graphs. This suggests that leaf foliage absorption occurs in ferns.
Cardiac Comorbidities in COPD Patients Explained Through HRV Analysis and Respiratory Indices (2020)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients exhibit depressed heart rate variability (HRV), while comorbidities may worsen the patients' prognosis. We investigated whether HRV analyis, clinical markers of disease severity and respiratory function, may explain the presence of cardiac-related comorbidities. Several HRV indices were evaluated in 46 COPD patients before a 6minute walk test (6MWT). Maximum heart rate (HR max ) and walked distance (Dist) were measured during the test, while heart rate recovery (HRR) was estimated immediately afterwards. All these features and the patient characteristics were used to identify cardiac-related comorbidities (COPDco, n=11). A logistic regression classifier with regularization was used for modeling and feature selection, while model assessment was performed by leave-oneout cross-validation. Only 4 features were needed to accurately identify comorbidities with overall performance metrics AUC=84%, sensitivity=73% specificity=83%. The feature subset included the ratio given by the forced expiratory volume and the forced vital capacity ((FEV 1 /FVC), the normalized HRR at minute 3, the Borg-scale of exertional dyspnea and the normalized LF power. These features could provide relevant information for early identification of cardiac comorbidities in COPD patients.
Integrating Text and Face Detection for Finding Informative Poster Frames (1997)

Digital video is rapidly becoming an important source of information and entertainment, and is used in a host of multimediapplications. With the size of digital video collections growing to many thousands of hours, technology is needed to allow rapid browsing of videos. One way to summarize a video is to select poster frames to represent segments of the video. Previous techniques for extracting poster frames were based on scene segmentation, using color histograms or optical flow. To provide more informative poster frames, this work combines algorithms for extracting image content, specifically faces and on-screen text, with existing scene segmentation technology.
The solid-state photodimerisation of 2,5-dibenzylidenecyclopentanone (DBCP); a topochemical reaction that yields an amorphous product (1984)

When 2,5-dibenzylidenecyclopentanone (DBCP)is irradiated by u.v. light in the crystalline state the principal product formed by a [2 + 2]dimerisation is 2,9-dibenzylidene-6, 12-diphenyldispiro[4.1.4.1]-dodecene-1,8-dione (DDBCP); a subsidiary dimeric species is formed in substantial amounts at low conversion but is consumed during the course of further reaction and is absent when the total conversion approaches 90%. Crystalline (+)-2,5-dibenzylidene-3-methylcyclopentanone [DB(+)3MeCP] under the same condition is photostable. The contrasting photoreactivity of these two solids is interpreted in terms of the mutual disposition of potentially reactive olefinnic bonds on neighbouring molecules. Even when such bonds are not parallel (and for DBCP they are inclined at an angle of 56°) reaction may ensue since the distances separating the carbon atoms are approximately 3.7 Å. It is argued that the photostability of DB(+)3MeCP, where the separation distances of the potentially reactive olefinic bonds on adjacent molecules are comparable to those in DBCP and where the bonds are again not parallel, is attributable to the non-coplanarity of the two π-bonds.
PWM driving characteristics of robot hand with fingers using vibration-type ultrasonic motors (2002)

A Langevin-type ultrasonic vibrator works as an ultrasonic motor when it is pressed slant wise against the surface of an object. This paper describes a robot hand with three fingers that each works as an ultrasonic motor. This robot hand can simultaneously grasp a cylindrical body and rotate the body about its axis. The authors propose a PWM (pulse width modulation) method for controlling the speed of ultrasonic motors by changing the duty ratio of the voltage applied to the motors. The vibration of the ultrasonic motor and the driving characteristics of a robot hand were examined experimentally. It was confirmed that the vibration speed of the tip of the ultrasonic motor wets approximately proportional to the duty ratio of the applied voltage. The velocity of the motor increases with an increase in duty ratio, except for the offset region. The torque characteristic curves approach the point of origin, moving parallel as the duty ratio decreases.
Modeled residual current cancer risk after clinical investigation of a positive multicancer early detection test result (2023)

These results may illustrate the impact of a positive MCED test on follow-up decision-making.
Auger Intensity Anomalies from ZnO(0001) Surface Excited by RHEED Incident Beam (2016)

Anomalous behaviors of Auger intensities have been observed for ZnO(0001) surface depending on the glancing angle of incident electron beam of RHEED. In the beam rocking Auger electron spectroscopy, BRAES, the profiles of Zn(LMM) and O(KLL) were compared with each other. It was found that their profiles differed in some aspects. This suggests that their Auger intensities are influenced by the wave field of incident electron beam of RHEED. In this study, RHEED rocking curves were also measured and analyzed by dynamical calculations. It has been found that the determination of surface polarity is possible by RHEED rocking curves. [DOI: 10.1380/ejssnt.2016.92]
The Muon Portal Project: Development of an innovative scanning portal based on muon tomography (2013)

The Muon Portal is a recent Project [1] which aims at the construction of a 18 m<sup>2</sup> tracking detector for cosmic muons. This apparatus has been designed as a real-size prototype to inspect containers using the muon tomography technique, i.e. by measuring the deflection of muons when traversing high-Z materials. The detection setup is based on eight position-sensitive X-Y planes, four placed below and four above the volume to be inspected, with good tracking capabilities for charged particles. The detection planes are segmented into strips of extruded plastic scintillators with WLS fibres to transport the light produced in the scintillator material to the photo-sensors (SiPMs) at one of the fibre ends. Detailed GEANT4 simulations have been carried out under different scenarios to investigate the response of the apparatus. The tomographic images are reconstructed by tracking algorithms and suitable imaging software tools. Simulations have demonstrated the possibility to reconstruct a 3D image of the volume to be inspected in a reasonable amount of time, compatible with the requirement of a fast inspection technique. The first two of the 48 detection modules are presently under construction.
Contribution a l'etude du traitement des eaux par congelation : potentialites et applications (2000)

Dans cette etude le traitement des eaux est envisage par congelation. En effet, lorsque l'on congele progressivement une eau polluee seules les molecules d'eau participent a l'elaboration des cristaux de glace, les polluants restent dans la phase liquide et se concentrent. Il existe a l'heure actuelle tres peu d'utilisations de la congelation dans le traitement des eaux. Les objectifs de cette etude sont donc a la fois de repondre a des questions basiques comme les performances a attendre de la technique de separation par congelation et egalement de montrer une faisabilite industrielle en mettant en evidence les parametres cles de dimensionnement d'une unite de traitement d'eau par congelation. Des tests de faisabilite de separation par congelation ont ete effectues sur un panel representatif d'eaux a traiter a l'aide d'une manipulation simple de laboratoire. Dans la plupart des cas et notamment pour le traitement des polluants solubles, une efficacite de separation de 100% est obtenue. A partir de ces resultats, la construction d'une unite pilote produisant 250 kg de glace par jour a ete realisee. L'idee innovante developpee dans cette etude est d'utiliser un tambour rotatif refrigere partiellement immerge dans la solution a traiter. La couche de glace epuree se forme sur la surface externe du tambour dans la partie immergee et est ensuite decollee par un racleur dans la partie non immergee puis evacuee du systeme. L'etude sur ce pilote a mis en evidence les contraintes genie des procedes a resoudre en vue d'un passage a l'echelle industrielle. Ensuite, une etude fondamentale sur une manipulation de type tambour vertical tournant dans un ecoulement canonique de type couette a permis de mettre en evidence l'importance du transfert de matiere et du transfert de chaleur dans les phenomenes de separation par congelation. Enfin, une transposition a l'echelle industrielle est proposee. Le dispositif retenu est un tambour rotatif totalement immerge dans l'eau a traiter et releve sequentiellement pour le raclage. Le dimensionnement complet de cette installation est propose a savoir les calculs de la productivite, du cout de fonctionnement et de l'efficacite de separation.
A General Strategy to Layered Transition‐Metal Hydroxide Nanocones: Tuning the Composition for High Electrochemical Performance (2012)

A general and facile strategy for the synthesis of a large family of monometallic (Co, Ni) and bimetallic (Co-Ni, Co-Cu and Co-Zn) hydroxide nanocones (NCs) intercalated with DS ions is demonstrated. The basal spacing of the NCs can be varied by adjusting the intercalated DS amount. Especially, electrochemical characterizations reveal that bimetallic Co-Ni hydroxide NCs have a higher specific capacitance than their monometallic counterpart. These results suggest the importance of rational designing layered hydroxide NCs with tuned transition-metal composition for high-performance energy storage devices.
Modeling and Analysis of Wireless “Charge While Driving” Operations for Fully Electric Vehicles (2015)

This study presents a method for analysing the traffic and electric performance of wireless Charge While Driving (CWD) systems for two types of electric vehicle: a light-van for freight distribution and a city car. After performing a preliminary design of the CWD system, a simplified traffic simulation, including an energy assessment for vehicles, is presented to test the design settings, such as the travelling speed on CWD and the percentage of equipped lanes. The speed range explored refers to quite low values because the design layout of the EVSE should be a compromise between the need to minimize the installation and maintenance costs and users’ acceptance of the time required to obtain a proper recharge. The choice of the traffic modelling approach derives from the specific requirements of the CWD system defined in the eCo-FEV project, which may be assumed as having been installed along a low speed lane of a motorway. The simplified traffic model simulates the vehicles time series along the road, introducing their energy needs as an influencing factor of drivers’ behaviour. The simulated scenarios involve electric light-vans travelling along a 5-km highway that have the opportunity to charge in motion if their State of Charge (SOC) is under an established threshold.
Autoantigen, innate immunity, and T cells cooperate to break B cell tolerance during bacterial infection (2005)

Autoantibody production during infections is considered to result from nonspecific activation of low-affinity autoreactive B cells. Whether this can lead to autoimmune disease remains uncertain. We show that chronic infection by Borrelia burgdorferi of Tg animals expressing human rheumatoid factor (RF) B cells (of low or intermediate affinities) in the absence or in the constitutive presence of the autoantigen (represented here by chimeric IgG with human constant region) breaks their state of immunological ignorance, leading to the production of RFs. Surprisingly, this production was more pronounced in intermediate-affinity RF Tg mice co-expressing the autoantigen. This overproduction was mediated by immune complexes and involved synergistic signaling between the B cell receptor and Toll-like receptors and T cell help. These findings indicate that chronic infection can activate autoreactive B cells with significant affinity and creates conditions that can drive them to differentiate into memory cells. Such cells may have some physiological yet undetermined role, but in autoimmune-prone individuals, this scenario may initiate autoimmunity.
Non-canonical Hedgehog Signaling Pathway in Cancer: Activation of GLI Transcription Factors Beyond Smoothened (2019)

The Hedgehog-GLI (HH-GLI) pathway is a highly conserved signaling that plays a critical role in controlling cell specification, cell-cell interaction and tissue patterning during embryonic development. Canonical activation of HH-GLI signaling occurs through binding of HH ligands to the twelve-pass transmembrane receptor Patched 1 (PTCH1), which derepresses the seven-pass transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor Smoothened (SMO). Thus, active SMO initiates a complex intracellular cascade that leads to the activation of the three GLI transcription factors, the final effectors of the HH-GLI pathway. Aberrant activation of this signaling has been implicated in a wide variety of tumors, such as those of the brain, skin, breast, gastrointestinal, lung, pancreas, prostate and ovary. In several of these cases, activation of HH-GLI signaling is mediated by overproduction of HH ligands (e.g., prostate cancer), loss-of-function mutations in <i>PTCH1</i> or gain-of-function mutations in <i>SMO</i>, which occur in the majority of basal cell carcinoma (BCC), SHH-subtype medulloblastoma and rhabdomyosarcoma. Besides the classical canonical ligand-PTCH1-SMO route, mounting evidence points toward additional, non-canonical ways of GLI activation in cancer. By non-canonical we refer to all those mechanisms of activation of the GLI transcription factors occurring independently of SMO. Often, in a given cancer type canonical and non-canonical activation of HH-GLI signaling co-exist, and in some cancer types, more than one mechanism of non-canonical activation may occur. Tumors harboring non-canonical HH-GLI signaling are less sensitive to SMO inhibition, posing a threat for therapeutic efficacy of these antagonists. Here we will review the most recent findings on the involvement of alternative signaling pathways in inducing GLI activity in cancer and stem cells. We will also discuss the rationale of targeting these oncogenic pathways in combination with HH-GLI inhibitors as a promising anti-cancer therapies.
Voided polymer electrets - new materials, new challenges, new chances (2003)

In this review, the development of cellular propylene as an electret-transducer material since the mid-eighties is described, and the accompanying research into the origins of (quasi-)ferro-, pyro- and piezoelectric effects in voided polymer electrets is discussed in some detail. In this context, the most relevant charging and measuring techniques for piezo- and pyroelectric polymer-foam electrets are introduced. Porous fluoropolymer electrets and their investigation as single- or multiple-layer piezoelectrics are considered in view of their better thermal and temporal stabilities. Finally, some proposed applications of voided polymer electrets are mentioned.
Targeting the Proteasome-Associated Deubiquitinating Enzyme USP14 Impairs Melanoma Cell Survival and Overcomes Resistance to MAPK-Targeting Therapies (2018)

Advanced cutaneous melanoma is one of the most challenging cancers to treat because of its high plasticity, metastatic potential, and resistance to treatment. New targeted therapies and immunotherapies have shown remarkable clinical efficacy. However, such treatments are limited to a subset of patients and relapses often occur, warranting validation of novel targeted therapies. Posttranslational modification of proteins by ubiquitin coordinates essential cellular functions, including ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) function and protein homeostasis. Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUB) have been associated to multiple diseases, including cancer. However, their exact involvement in melanoma development and therapeutic resistance remains poorly understood. Using a DUB trap assay to label cellular active DUBs, we have observed an increased activity of the proteasome-associated DUB, USP14 (Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 14) in melanoma cells compared with melanocytes. Our survey of public gene expression databases indicates that high expression of <i>USP14</i> correlates with melanoma progression and with a poorer survival rate in metastatic melanoma patients. Knockdown or pharmacologic inhibition of USP14 dramatically impairs viability of melanoma cells irrespective of the mutational status of <i>BRAF, NRAS</i>, or <i>TP53</i> and their transcriptional cell state, and overcomes resistance to MAPK-targeting therapies both <i>in vitro</i> and in human melanoma xenografted mice. At the molecular level, we find that inhibition of USP14 rapidly triggers accumulation of poly-ubiquitinated proteins and chaperones, mitochondrial dysfunction, ER stress, and a ROS production leading to a caspase-independent cell death. Our results provide a rationale for targeting the proteasome-associated DUB USP14 to treat and combat melanomas. <i>Mol Cancer Ther; 17(7); 1416-29. ©2018 AACR</i>.
Characterization of ‘Stoneless’: A Naturally Occurring, Partially Stoneless Plum Cultivar (2009)

The plum ( Prunus domestica ) cultivar Stoneless was characterized to determine if the lack of stone was the result of reduced endocarp development or a decrease in lignification. Fruit were sampled at several times from 37 days before stone hardening (DBH) until the stone was too hard to cut with a knife and were compared with plum fruit that had normal stones. At all sampling times there was less endocarp tissue and reduced lignin staining in the ‘Stoneless’ plum fruit. The tissue that did stain appeared to be small endocarp remnants present in the ‘Stoneless’ plum, and was concentrated at the suture side and at the blossom end as well as the stem end. The lignin stain was detected in these regions beginning at 19 DBH, while the normal plums had a progression of staining beginning at the blossom end, suture side at 23 DBH and radiating up to the stem end and throughout the presumptive stone tissue at 8 DBH. Comparison of dry weight for dissected tissues agreed with the specific lack of endocarp tissue in the ‘Stoneless’ plum. Gene activity for the lignin pathway was analyzed using four known genes required for lignification. All four genes showed endocarp-specific expression in ‘Stoneless’ similar to that observed for the control. These results support the idea that the phenotype of ‘Stoneless’ plum fruit is due to a decrease in endocarp formation rather than a decrease in endocarp lignification.
Study of Mass Transport for Efficient Fluid Processing (2017)

Cleaning processes as well as other liquid processes such as etching typically involve contact between a solid surface and a processing fluid. Typically the fluid flows along the surface of the substrate. Not in all cases this results in an enhancement of the process involved. The current study aims at providing deeper insight into the mass transport in order to be able to better optimize cost-effectiveness of the fluid processes. This studies focusses on the mass transport through the fluid, particularly for the case of a laminar flow along the wafer surface An analytical expression is proposed that presents a flow threshold above which the mass transport can be enhanced by a laminar flow.
Introduction to Molecular Dynamics Simulation (2004)

c © 2004 by John von Neumann Institute for Computing Permission to make digital or hard copies of portions of this work for personal or classroom use is granted provided that the copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. To copy otherwise requires prior specific permission by the publisher mentioned above.