gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preliminary studies of sera and urine from patients with bladder cancer. (1978)

Some preliminary observations may be helpful as we proceed with studies of the humoral and cellular reactions in body fluids. 1) In the reactions with TAA from primary bladder cancers and from bladder cancer cell lines, we must be aware of complexing when we study sera or tumors from patients with more invasive tumors. 2) Earlier stage patient sera can react to antigens present in urine but may not react with antigens present on tumor cells. These reactions are mainly related to cell sediments or partially insoluble material present in the urine; it is difficult to interpret these reactions in a controlled study. 3) Using sera from patients with different stages of bladder cancer, we can test normal bladder cell lines (e.g., HCV-29, which has no CF reactivity with sera from patients with bladder cancer) for comparison with the patterns of TAA present in cancer cell lines (e.g., RT-4 and T-24). 4) There is no relationship between HSV and bladder TCC. 5) Cytomegalovirus and its components are associated with normal or cancer-related cell and urine components. We can study differentiation of such antigens from TAA, which produce cell-mediated immune responses.
Distributed Network Simulation Testbed Status Report. (1989)

The following report describes the facilities, personnel, and simulation effort underway in the Communications and Signal Processing Laboratory (CSPL) of the Systems Research Center (SRC). The intent of the effort is to create a useful simulation and modeling environment to aid in the performance analysis of communication systems. In particular, we describe a distributed network simulation testbed under development to allow rapid prototyping and performance evaluation of distributed network communication protocols. The testbed's design is modular thus allowing it to be built in a piecemeal fashion with each sub- project contributing software modules to be testbed. We first describe the facilities and personnel involved in the simulation effort and then describe the current testbed status and future architecture.
Hydrogel‐like elastic membrane consisting of semi‐interpenetrating polymer networks based on a phosphorylcholine polymer and a segmented polyurethane (2002)

Abstract To obtain a hydrogel‐like elastic membrane, we prepared semi‐interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) by the radical polymerization of methacrylates such as 2‐methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC), 2‐hydroxyethylmethacrylate, and triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate diffused into segmented polyurethane (SPU) membranes swollen with a monomer mixture. The values of Young's modulus for the hydrated semi‐IPN membranes were less than that for an SPU membrane because of higher hydration, but they were much higher than that for a hydrated MPC polymer gel (non‐SPU). According to a thermal analysis, the MPC polymer influenced the segment association of SPU. The diffusion coefficient of 8‐anilino‐1‐naphthalenesulfonic acid sodium salt from the semi‐IPN membrane could be controlled with different MPC unit concentrations in the membrane, and it was about 7 × 10 2 times higher than that of the SPU membrane. Fibroblast cell adhesion on the semi‐IPN membrane was effectively reduced by the MPC units. We concluded that semi‐IPNs composed of the MPC polymer and SPU may be novel polymer materials possessing attractive mechanical, diffusive‐release, and nonbiofouling properties. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 68–75, 2003
Effect of Tantalum Markers on Longitudinal Bone Growth (1976)

Small tantalum pins (0.50 x 1.5 mm and 0.32 x 1.2 mm), used as intraosseous radio-opaque markers, were investigated for their effect on growth in 62 young rabbits. The tetracycline growth method was used and a difference in daily growth rate between the marked right leg and the unmarked left leg indicated a slight growth stimulation. The growth rate was slightly stimulated (at most, 26 mum/day) on days 1 and 2 after insertion, only if the larger markers were used. No growth effects were detectable on days 12 and 21.
Unusual clinical course in a child with cystic fibrosis treated with fat emulsion. (1975)

A child diagnosed as having cystic fibrosis by customary criteria has been given regular parenteral soya oil emulsion from near birht. Sweat tests have improved, pancreatic achylia was relieved, and the child at present remains entirely well. Correction of the essential fatty acid deficiency found in cystic fibrosis may prevent some of the manifestations of the disease.
Plate Flattening Analysis in Line Heating Process using Bending Strains (2008)

In the line heating process, only angular distortion whose direction is perpendicular to that of a heating path is expected. However, it is observed that a deformation is induced in the direction of the heating line. Because of this, during forming a saddle type plate we experience unfavorable deformations in the unintended direction. In this paper we discuss the unwanted distortion in the manufacturing process by analyzing intermediate plates of saddle type during fabrication. For this analysis we consider the longitudinal and transversal directions separately and use the bending strain for the analysis.
Temporal control of bovine herpesvirus type 4 glycoprotein synthesis (1991)

The glycoprotein gp6/gp10/gp17, gp11/VP24 and gp8 are major bovine herpesvirus type 4 antigens. The temporal expression of these glycoproteins was studied and it was shown that gp6/gp10/gp17 appeared as early as 6 h post-inoculation (p.i.), and gp11/VP24 and gp8 were detected 8 h p.i. Moreover, a precursor of two components of gp6/gp10/gp17 glycoprotein [p(gp10/gp17)] was a beta-gamma protein, whereas the gp11/VP24 and gp8 glycoproteins were gamma proteins.
Antibacterial and biocompatibility studies of triple antibiotics-impregnated external ventricular drainage: In vitro and in vivo evaluation (2023)

Hydrocephalus is a neurological disease caused by an unusually high level of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which can be relieved by external ventricular drainage (EVD) insertion. However, the infection can lead to complications during the use of EVD. In this study, EVD was impregnated with three synergistic antibiotics, including rifampicin, clindamycin, and trimethoprim, to improve the antibacterial property. The impregnated drainage was studied for its characteristics in vitro and in vivo. Drug loading determination revealed that rifampicin had the highest concentration in the tube, followed by clindamycin and trimethoprim, respectively. In vitro cytotoxicity and hemolytic studies showed no toxic effects from antibiotics-impregnated EVD on fibroblast and red blood cells. For antibacterial testing, the impregnated EVD exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus MRSA and Staphylococcus epidermidis up to 14 and 90 days, respectively. Moreover, biocompatibility and drug release into the bloodstream and surrounding tissues were investigated by implantation in rabbits for 30 days. Histology and morphology results showed that fibroblast cells began to adhere to the drainage surface and inflammatory cell numbers were noticeably small after the long-term implantation. In addition, there was no drug leakage to the bloodstream and surrounding tissues. Hence, this impregnated EVD can potentially be used for antibacterial application.
SYNTHESIS OF 2,4-DIAMINO-5- (FUR-2-OYL), (THIEN-2-OYL), AND (PYRID-2-OYL)THIAZOLES (2002)

ABSTRACT The synthesis of 5-furoyl-, thienoyl- or pyridoyl-2,4-diaminothiazoles, as the thiazole analogs of the cytotoxic marine alkaloid dendrodoine, is reported. A preliminary study on a tandem bromination-heterocyclization approach, amenable for a combinatorial synthesis of 2,4-diaminothiazoles, is also described. Keywords: AnalogsDendrodoineDiaminothiazolesAcylthiazoles Acknowledgments
Towards secure agent distribution and communication (2003)

Development of acceptable agent-based distributed systems requires secure techniques for agent migration and agent communication. Several Java-based agent frameworks provide these functions to greater or lesser extents. This paper describes an agent distribution framework for intercommunicating agents using Java which targets several key goals: 1) provide an agent dispatch mechanism to selected nodes from secured agent repositories by one or more authenticated agent deployment applets or agents. 2) Adjust the operating environment for each agent depending upon its role-based authenticated security level. 3) Provide inter-agent communication by way of its own published objects as well as a multicast event service. 4) Provide encryption for communications depending on the security requirements. 5) Provide a distributed naming directory of agents populating the network. 6) Monitor agents proactively for appropriate activity. 7) Keep the environment lightweight, making agents small in size, and the package easy to use.
Predicting the Speed, Scale, and Range of Information Diffusion in Twitter (2010)

We present results of network analyses of information diffusion on Twitter, via users’ ongoing social interactions as denoted by “@username” mentions. Incorporating survival analysis, we constructed a novel model to capture the three major properties of information diffusion: speed, scale, and range. On the whole, we find that some properties of the tweets themselves predict greater information propagation but that properties of the users, the rate with which a user is mentioned historically in particular, are equal or stronger predictors. Implications for end users and system designers are discussed.
A Two-Phase Switching Hybrid Supply Modulator for RF Power Amplifiers With 9% Efficiency Improvement (2010)

A hybrid supply modulator consisting of a parallel operation of a high-drive, low output impedance, wideband class-AB linear amplifier and a high-efficiency, wideband, low-ripple switching amplifier is presented for the application of polar transmitters. At system level, a two-phase switching is employed to lower the inductor current ripple so that both the output ripple and power loss are reduced. On-chip feed-forward bandpass filter is used to extend the tracking bandwidth of the switching amplifier, without hurting the stability of parallel control loop or the need to increase switching frequency. At circuit level, the output impedance of the linear amplifier is lowered by optimizing the design of super source-follower output stage. Inductor current sharing and two-phase ramp generator are implemented for realizing the two-phase switching scheme. Fabricated in a 0.35-μm CMOS process, the prototype chip measures 9 % static efficiency improvement over the conventional single-phase switching design in the back-off power level. Dynamic efficiency is enhanced by 8-12% by enabling the bandpass filter. Successful tracking of a 4 MHz 0.4-2.8 V full-wave rectified sine wave and a WCDMA envelope signal is demonstrated.
From fish bowl to bedside: The power of zebrafish to unravel melanoma pathogenesis and discover new therapeutics (2017)

Melanoma is the most aggressive and deadliest form of skin cancer. A detailed knowledge of the cellular, molecular, and genetic events underlying melanoma progression is highly relevant to diagnosis, prognosis and risk stratification, and the development of new therapies. In the last decade, zebrafish have emerged as a valuable model system for the study of melanoma. Pathway conservation, coupled with the availability of robust genetic, transgenic, and chemical tools, has made the zebrafish a powerful model for identifying novel disease genes, visualizing cancer initiation, interrogating tumor-microenvironment interactions, and discovering new therapeutics that regulate melanocyte and melanoma development. In this review, we will give an overview of these studies, and highlight recent advancements that will help unravel melanoma pathogenesis and impact human disease.
Self-assembly of BODIPY based pH-sensitive near-infrared polymeric micelles for drug controlled delivery and fluorescence imaging applications (2015)

Responsive block copolymer micelles emerging as promising imaging and drug delivery systems show high stability and on-demand drug release activities. Herein, we developed self-assembled pH-responsive NIR emission micelles entrapped with doxorubicin (DOX) within the cores by the electrostatic interactions for fluorescence imaging and chemotherapy applications. The block copolymer, poly(methacrylic acid)-block-poly[(poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate)-co-boron dipyrromethene derivatives] (PMAA-b-P(PEGMA-co-BODIPY)), was synthesized via reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, and the molecular weight distribution of this copolymer was narrow (Mw/Mn = 1.31). The NIR fluorescence enhancement induced by the phenol/phenolate interconversion equilibrium works as a switch in response to the intracellular pH fluctuations. DOX-loaded PMAA-b-P(PEGMA-co-BODIPY) micelles can detect the physiological pH fluctuations with a pKa near physiological conditions (∼7.52), and showed pH-responsive collapse and an obvious acid promoted anticancer drug release behavior (over 58.8–62.8% in 10 h). Real-time imaging of intracellular pH variations was performed and a significant chemotherapy effect was demonstrated against HeLa cells.
RandAugment: Practical automated data augmentation with a reduced search\n space (2019)

Recent work has shown that data augmentation has the potential to\nsignificantly improve the generalization of deep learning models. Recently,\nautomated augmentation strategies have led to state-of-the-art results in image\nclassification and object detection. While these strategies were optimized for\nimproving validation accuracy, they also led to state-of-the-art results in\nsemi-supervised learning and improved robustness to common corruptions of\nimages. An obstacle to a large-scale adoption of these methods is a separate\nsearch phase which increases the training complexity and may substantially\nincrease the computational cost. Additionally, due to the separate search\nphase, these approaches are unable to adjust the regularization strength based\non model or dataset size. Automated augmentation policies are often found by\ntraining small models on small datasets and subsequently applied to train\nlarger models. In this work, we remove both of these obstacles. RandAugment has\na significantly reduced search space which allows it to be trained on the\ntarget task with no need for a separate proxy task. Furthermore, due to the\nparameterization, the regularization strength may be tailored to different\nmodel and dataset sizes. RandAugment can be used uniformly across different\ntasks and datasets and works out of the box, matching or surpassing all\nprevious automated augmentation approaches on CIFAR-10/100, SVHN, and ImageNet.\nOn the ImageNet dataset we achieve 85.0% accuracy, a 0.6% increase over the\nprevious state-of-the-art and 1.0% increase over baseline augmentation. On\nobject detection, RandAugment leads to 1.0-1.3% improvement over baseline\naugmentation, and is within 0.3% mAP of AutoAugment on COCO. Finally, due to\nits interpretable hyperparameter, RandAugment may be used to investigate the\nrole of data augmentation with varying model and dataset size. Code is\navailable online.\n
Cathode Dissolution as a Battery Failure Mechanism in Silver Vanadium Oxide (SVO) and Structurally-Stabilized SVO-Analogue Materials Using Phosphate (PO4 3-) (2015)

Battery failure manifested as an increase in cell impedance as a result of cathode dissolution is discussed. Analogous oxide and phosphate based materials exhibit similar electrochemical performance yet the phosphate based materials display increased structural stability and resistance to solvation formation in non-aqueous electrolytes. Structural modifications could optimize existing battery systems and address one of the main causes of increased cell impedance observed over time.
Integrated Strategy to Address Hanford’s Deep Vadose Zone Remediation Challenges (2010)

A vast majority of Hanford’s remaining in-ground contaminants reside in the vadose zone of the Central Plateau, where reprocessing operations occurred. The vadose zone is comprised of about 75 meters of water-unsaturated sediments above groundwater. If left untreated, these contaminants could reach groundwater and could remain a threat for centuries. Much of this contamination resides deep in the vadose zone, below the effective depth of tradition surface remedy influence. In 2008, the Department of Energy initiated deep vadose zone treatability testing to seek remedies for technetium-99 and uranium contamination. These tests include the application of desiccation for technetium-99 and reactive gas technologies for uranium. To complement these efforts, the Department of Energy has initiated a “defense-in-depth” approach to address the unique challenges for characterization and remediation of the deep vadose zone. This defense-in-depth approach will implement multiple approaches to understand and control contaminant flux from the deep vadose zone to the groundwater. Among these approaches is an increased investment in science and technology solutions to resolve deep vadose zone challenges including characterization, prediction, remediation, and monitoring.
Expression of mucosal homing receptor alpha4beta7 by circulating CD4+ cells with memory for intestinal rotavirus. (1997)

The integrin 4 7 mediates lymphocyte binding to mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1, and its expression defines lymphocytes capable of trafficking through the intestines and the intestinal lymphoid tissues. We examined the ability of discrete 4 7 hi and 4 7 subsets of circulating memory phenotype (CD45RA ) CD4 T cells to proliferate in response to rotavirus, a ubiquitous intestinal pathogen. 4 7 hi memory (CD45RA ) CD4 T cells displayed much greater reactivity to rotavirus than 4 7 memory or naive (CD45RA ) CD4 T cells. In contrast, 4 7 memory cells were the predominant population responsive to mumps antigen after intramuscular vaccination. Our results are consistent with the conclusion that natural rotavirus infection, an enteric pathogen, results in a specific circulating memory CD4 response that is largely limited to the gut-homing 4 7 subpopulation. This phenotype is not shared with memory cells elicited by intramuscular immunization (shown here) or by skin contact allergens. The results support the hypothesis that gut trafficking memory CD4 T cells comprise cellular memory for intestinal antigens and suggest that regulated expression of 4 7 helps target and segregate intestinal versus systemic immune response. (
Strong Red-Emitting near-Infrared-to-Visible Upconversion Fluorescent Nanoparticles (2011)

Near infrared (NIR)-to-red upconversion fluorescent nanoparticles of yttrium oxyfluoride, ytterbium, erbium/yttrium oxyfluoride (YOF:Yb,Er/YOF) with a core/shell structure have been prepared for the first time. Under 980 nm NIR excitation, they emitted strong red upconversion fluorescence with a sharp emission band topping at ∼669 nm. Compared with the most efficient green emitting hexagonal phase NaYF4:Yb,Er upconversion fluorescent nanoparticles, our red-emitting fluorescent nanoparticles exhibited even stronger fluorescence. The YOF shell played a dual-role in the upconversion: it greatly enhanced the red emission at ∼669 nm (∼18 times) and suppressed the green emission of erbium at ∼530 nm. These nanoparticles were rendered hydrophilic by using several strategies and were further conjugated to antibodies for cancer cell labeling and imaging. As both excitation and emission were in the long wavelength range (>650 nm), which are transparent to tissues, along with their strong and narrow emission, these red emission upconversion fluorescent nanoparticles offer excellent opportunities for biosensing and in vivo bioimaging applications.
Towards AlN optical cladding layers for thermal management in hybrid lasers (2015)

Aluminium Nitride (AlN) is proposed as a dual function optical cladding and thermal spreading layer for hybrid ridge lasers, replacing current benzocyclobutene (BCB) encapsulation. A high thermal conductivity material placed in intimate contact with the Multi-Quantum Well active region of the laser allows rapid heat removal at source but places a number of constraints on material selection. AlN is considered the most suitable due to its high thermal conductivity when deposited at low deposition temperatures, similar co-efficient of thermal expansion to InP, its suitable refractive index and its dielectric nature. We have previously simulated the possible reduction in the thermal resistance of a hybrid ridge laser by replacing the BCB cladding material with a material of higher thermal conductivity of up to 319 W/mK. Towards this goal, we demonstrate AlN thin-films deposited by reactive DC magnetron sputtering on InP.
Signals of Opportunity Airborne Demonstrator (SoOP-AD) (2015)

In the second year of the SoOp-AD project, a brassboard analog section has been completed, along with working designs for the digital section and an antenna compatible with the NASA Langley B-200 or UC-12B aircraft. Resource requirements for the digital section FPGA are being finalized. One technical challenge at P-band is that the low transmitted data rate makes isolation of the direct and reflected signals using path delay, the conventional practice for GNSS reflectometry, difficult. Any retrieval of surface reflectivity from these measurements must account for the combination of direct and reflected signal in both the sky-view and Earth-view antennas. We have approached this challenge on several fronts; First, through null steering of the antenna. Second, through the formulation of an empirical calibration function for the reflectivity; and finally through estimating the direct and reflected signal powers as independent states in a Kalman filter. In addition to the direct-reflected interference from the same transmitter, there is also the possibility of interference due to transmissions, in adjacent bands, from other satellites in the constellation. Ground-based repeaters are also present in the S-band spectrum. Digital filters are being designed to isolate these repeaters, using simulations to verify the magnitude of their effect on the reflectivity and soil moisture retrievals. Other contributions to the error budget include the uncertainty in aircraft altitude, and the antenna pattern.
Codebook aided user pairing and resource allocation for SC-FDMA (2012)

This paper proposes the use of codebook aided algorithms for joint user pairing and resource allocation for a virtual multiple-input multiple-output (V-MIMO) single-carrier frequency-division multiple access transmission. Two users, equipped with a single antenna each, transmit their data in the same time slot and frequency band to a base station with two receive antennas. Finding the optimum solution to the joint resource allocation and user pairing problem is NP-hard. Therefore, two codebook aided algorithms with low complexity are proposed, where one of them is based on the Global Vector Quantization (GVQ) algorithm. The algorithms are compared with several suboptimal algorithms by simulations for a transmission in the uplink of Long Term Evolution (LTE). It is shown that the proposed algorithms exhibit a low complexity and a performance close to that of the optimum scheme.