gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
9,9 (10,10)‐Bis(acetoxymethyl)octadecanoate Esters as Plasticizers for Poly(vinyl chloride) (1978)

Abstract Four alkyl 9,9(10,10)‐bis(acetoxymethyl)octadecanoates were evaluated as plasticizers for poly(vinyl chloride). They were all compatible and imparted properties generally equal or superior to those obtained with a dioctyl phthalate (DOP) control. Permanence properties were also generally equal or superior to those reported for analogous acetoxy and acetoxymethyl plasticizers. Volatility was half that for DOP. On heating, the experimental samples remained flexible to failure, whereas the control samples with DOP became stiff and rigid. Acetone acetals of alkyl 9,9(10,10)‐bis(hydroxymethyl)octadecanoates were incompatible with poly(vinyl chloride).
New fabrication technique of fibre Bragg gratings with arbitrary chirp and wavelength for chromatic dispersion compensation (2002)

We present here a new method allowing the fabrication of long gratings with any kind of chirp at any wavelength in a range of about 30 nm for chromatic dispersion compensation. We propose a new method, simple, cheap and versatile, allowing the realization of gratings with arbitrary chirp and wavelength using a unique phase mask with a constant periodicity. Those gratings could be then concatenated for multichanel operation.
ChemInform Abstract: MECHANISM OF THE FLUXIONAL BEHAVIOR IN (1‐5‐η‐CYCLOHEPTADIENYL)(1‐5‐η‐CYCLOHEPTATRIENYL)IRON (1978)

Abstract NMR‐spektroskopische Messungen zeigen bei der Titelverbindung einen 1,2‐Verschiebungsmechanismus im Hinblick auf das zentrale Eisenatom.
ID29: a high-intensity highly automated ESRF beamline for macromolecular crystallography experiments exploiting anomalous scattering (2012)

ID29 is an ESRF undulator beamline with a routinely accessible energy range of between 20.0 keV and 6.0 keV (λ = 0.62 Å to 2.07 Å) dedicated to the use of anomalous dispersion techniques in macromolecular crystallography. Since the beamline was first commissioned in 2001, ID29 has, in order to provide an improved service to both its academic and proprietary users, been the subject of almost continuous upgrade and refurbishment. It is now also the home to the ESRF Cryobench facility, ID29S. Here, the current status of the beamline is described and plans for its future are briefly outlined.
A Low-Cost CAVLC Encoder (2006)

In H.264, the context-based adaptive variable length coding (CAVLC) is used for lossless compression. Direct table-lookup implementation requires higher cost because it employs a larger memory to produce the encoded results. In this letter, we present a more efficient technique for CAVLC implementation. Compared with those previous CAVLC chips, our design requires the lowest hardware cost.
Biomass and Chemical Composition of Tobacco Plants Under High Density Growth (1983)

Abstract Ten tobacco cultivars representing various tobacco types were directly seeded in the field at 70 to 80 plants per square meter and were harvested when 50 to 60 cm high. Biomass yield ranged from 44 to 70 metric tons per hectare, with Ky16 Mammoth having the highest yield. The Mammoth variety, however, had the lowest leaf/stalk ratio (1.77), whereas Coker 139 bad the highest (4.04). One metric ton of wet biomass produced about 6 to 8 kg of soluble protein, which is independent of the leaf/stalk ratio. Analyses of the deproteinized fibrous residues revealed that the levels of neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, cellulose, and apparent hemicellulose were comparable among the ten cultivars. A large variation of lignin content was observed among the dark green tobaccos. Burley, in general, had lower concentrations of starch and protein in the fibrous residue than the dark green tobacco. When compared with the deproteinized alfalfa fibrous residue, the low concentrations of lipids, lignin, and cellulose and a greater amount of apparent hemicellulose in the tobacco residue show its suitability as animal feed. The present results also indicate that the selection of tobacco genotypes is of importance for high density cultivation in the production of soluble protein and fibrous residue.
Establishment of a dual-wavelength spectrophotometric method for analysing and detecting carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (2018)

The spread of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) is an increasing global public health concern. The development of simple and reliable methods for CPE detection is required in the clinical setting. This study aimed to establish a dual-wavelength measurement method using an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer to rapidly quantify imipenem hydrolysis in bacterial cell suspensions. The hydrolytic activities of 148 strains including various CPE strains (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, and Enterobacter aerogenes containing the bla<sub>IMP</sub>, bla<sub>KPC</sub>, bla<sub>NDM</sub>, bla<sub>OXA</sub>, and bla<sub>VIM</sub> genes) were measured and analysed. A cut-off value was obtained for differentiation between CPE and non-CPE strains, and the method had high sensitivity (100%) and specificity (100%) within 60 min. Our system has potential clinical applications in detecting CPE.
Comparative transcriptomics in human COPD reveals dysregulated genes uniquely expressed in ferrets (2022)

Cigarette smoke-induced COPD in ferrets modulates gene expression consistent with human COPD and suggests that the ferret model may be uniquely well suited for the study of aspects of the disease.
Resonant multiphoton ionization photoelectron spectroscopic study of benzene. Evidence for fast intramolecular vibrational relaxation within the 1E1u state (1983)

Resonant multiphoton ionization photoelectron measurements were carried out for benzene under collision-free conditions in such a way that the benzene molecule is ionized by four photons through various two-photon allowed vibronic levels of the 1B2u excited state. As a result, single prominent, somewhat broad photoelectron bands were observed in the 0.14–0.36 eV region, arising from Δv=0 ionization transitions. The prominent peak is shifted with increasing photon energy by K=hνl−C, where K is the photoelectron energy, hνl the photon energy, and C a constant. This relationship strongly indicates that the third photon is resonant with a real intermediate excited state. Therefore, the overall ionization process is expressed by (2+1+1). It is concluded that fast intramolecular vibrational relaxation occurs at the third-photon states within the 1Elu (ππ*) state and subsequent ionization takes place from vibrationally relaxed levels. The relaxation within the 1Elu state is supported from the 0–0 energy which was evaluated here for the ionized states from the photoelectron data. It is also suggested that the lifetime of the vibrationally relaxed 1Elu states is the order of 10−11–10−12 s or longer.
Studies on the syntheses of heterocyclic compounds. Part 738. Photo-oxygenation of 9-oxo-9H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]indoles (1978)

Photo-oxygenation in methanol of 7-methoxy-6-methyl-9-oxo-9H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]indole (10), prepared from 2-bromo-5-methoxy-4-methylbenzaldehyde (5)via 2-(2-bromo-5-methoxy-4-methylbenzoyl)pyrrole (8), formed (±)-9,9a-dihydro-3α-hydroperoxy-9-oxo-7,9aβ-dimethoxy-6-methyl-3H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]indole (14) and the (±)-3α-hydroxy-compound (16). The corresponding 9a-ethoxy-(20) and 9a-isopropyloxy-derivatives (21) were obtained from the photo-oxygenation of compound (10) in ethanol and isopropyl alcohol, respectively. The dye-sensitized photo-oxygenation of 9-oxo-6,7-dimethoxy-9H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]indole (11) was also carried out in methanol.
Interaction of skin with surfactant vesicle components (1995)

Interactions of vesicles based on phospholipids and nonionic surfactants with hairless mouse skin were evaluated by measuring permeation of tritiated water through pretreated skin under standardized conditions. Skin was exposed to the vesicles, buffers (negative controls), and sodium lauryl sulfate solution (positive control) under both open (unoccluded) and closed (occluded) conditions. There was no difference in the water permeation rate (WPR) between a freshly prepared skin membrane and one exposed to a pH 5 buffer. WPR was increased by reducing the pH to 2; treatment with the liposome preparation at this pH value caused a significant further increase in WPR. Effects of the nonionic surfactant vesicles were of much smaller magnitude at pH 2. Both phospholipid and nonionic surfactant vesicles had a minor effect on WPR under open conditions at pH 5.
Towards multiporphyrinic α‐helices with a polypeptidic backbone as system endowed with light harvesting capabilities (2001)

Starting from a porphyrin functionalized derivative of the L-lysine, three peptides, bearing, respectively, two, four, and eight chromophores, were synthesized using an iterative synthetic strategy based on the choice of mild conditions for the deprotection steps.
Carotid baroreceptor reflex in man, its modulation over the respiratory cycle. (1980)

Carotid baroreceptors were stimulated in 40 healthy volunteers by a rapid increase of the carotid transmural pressure due to subatmospheric pressure applied to a tight neck chamber (neck suction). Heart rate, arterial blood pressure and respiratory response were recorded. Reflex vagal inhibition of the sinus node preceded a blood pressure fall. Cardiac response adapted in a few seconds during prolonged baroreceptor stimulation, whereas reflex hypotension was maintained over the whole stimulation period applied up to 30 s. Augmented inspiratory movements were observed during neck suction. Short-lasting baroreceptor stimuli produced much less cardiac inhibition if applied during the early inspiratory than during the expiratory phase. On the peak and on the plateau of the voluntarily sustained deep inspirations, a spontaneous sinus bradycardia and a facilitation of the baroreceptor-cardiac reflex appeared. Voluntarily delayed expiration following deep and sustained inspiration coincided with cardioacceleration and baroreflex inbibition. Thus voluntarily Imposed, breathing patterns may reverse both respiratory sinus arrhythmia and cyclical modulation of the baroreflex responsiveness over the respiratory cycle.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrogenation of Non‐Functionalized Carbon—Carbon Double Bonds (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A Dearomatized Anionic PNP Pincer Rhodium Complex: C–H and H–H Bond Activation by Metal–Ligand Cooperation and Inhibition by Dinitrogen (2011)

The anionic dearomatized complex [(PNP*)RhICl]K (2; PNP = 2,6-bis((di-tert-butylphosphino)methyl)pyridine, PNP* = deprotonated PNP) was prepared by reaction of the aromatic (PNP)RhICl complex 1 with KN(SiMe3)2 in dry benzene. Spectroscopic characterization and DFT calculations confirm a nonaromatic square-planar structure of complex 2. Under an atmosphere of dry argon, 2 undergoes facile C–H activation of benzene by cooperation between the metal center and the pincer ligand, with aromatization of the ligand, to form the complex (PNP)RhI(C6H5) (3a). This reaction is inhibited by dinitrogen, which reacts with 2 to form the complex (PNP*)RhI(N2) (4), indicating higher stabilization of the 14-electron (PNP*)RhI species 5 by dinitrogen as compared with chloride. Similarly, treatment of 2 with CO results in KCl liberation to form the dearomatized (PNP*)RhICO (8). In a protic environment, the dearomatized complex 2 is quickly reprotonated to regenerate the aromatic starting complex 1. Upon treatment with MeI, 2 undergoes oxidative addition to form the nonaromatic (PNP*)RhIII(CH3)Cl (10), while the dearomatized ligand remains intact. Complex 2 undergoes facile activation of H2 to form the monohydride (PNP)RhI(H) (11a) and with D2 to form (PNP)RhI(D) (11b) with benzylic-D incorporation, via metal–ligand cooperation by aromatization of the ligand. The reactivity of 2 with H2 is significantly higher than that of 4.
The Velo gripper: A versatile single-actuator design for enveloping, parallel and fingertip grasps (2014)

We design, optimize and demonstrate the behavior of a tendon-driven robotic gripper performing parallel, enveloping and fingertip grasps. The gripper consists of two fingers, each with two links, and is actuated using a single active tendon. During unobstructed closing, the distal links remain parallel, for parallel grasps. If the proximal links are stopped by contact with an object, the distal links start flexing, creating a stable enveloping grasp. We optimize the route of the active flexor tendon and the route and stiffness of a passive extensor tendon in order to achieve this behavior. We show how the resulting gripper can also execute fingertip grasps for picking up small objects off a flat surface, using contact with the surface to its advantage through passive adaptation. Finally, we introduce a method for optimizing the dimensions of the links in order to achieve enveloping grasps of a large range of objects, and apply it to a set of common household objects.
Beta-casein nanocarriers of celecoxib for improved oral bioavailability (2014)

Abstract Beta-casein (bCN) micelles were developed as a platform for improved oral bioavailability (BA) of poorly water-soluble drugs. Here we demonstrate a proof-of-concept using the NSAID celecoxib (Cx) loaded into bCN micelles (Cx/bCN). In a crossover pharmacokinetic (PK) study in pigs (n=4), dosed intraduodenally with either the commercial Cx formulation Celebra ® or Cx/bCN, the C max obtained after administration of Cx/bCN was 2.3-fold higher and the T max was 1.57-fold faster, leading to a 1.76-fold increase in the BA of Cx, compared to the Celebra ® formulation. It is suggested that this BA enhancement was caused by improvement of Cx solubility in intestinal fluids by bCN micelles, which maintained their Cx cargo in an amorphous state.
Fraud Detection in Mobile Payments Utilizing Process Behavior Analysis (2013)

Generally, fraud risk implies any intentional deception made for financial gain. In this paper, we consider this risk in the field of services which support transactions with electronic money. Specifically, we apply a tool for predictive security analysis at runtime which observes process behavior with respect to transactions within a money transfer service and tries to match it with expected behavior given by a process model. We analyze deviations from the given behavior specification for anomalies that indicate a possible misuse of the service related to money laundering activities. We evaluate the applicability of the proposed approach and provide measurements on computational and recognition performance of the tool - Predictive Security Analyser - produced using real operational and simulated logs. The goal of the experiments is to detect misuse patterns reflecting a given money laundering scheme in synthetic process behavior based on properties captured from real world transaction events.
Experimental evaluation of community-based WLAN voice and data services (2007)

The purpose of this work is to experimentally evaluate the quality of voice and data services over community-based WLAN access networks. We use P2PWNC, the Wireless LAN roaming architecture that we have developed, as the basis for the provision of ubiquitous citywide WLAN access and set up an infrastructure for secure voice and data communications on top of it. Our scheme was designed with widely available, low-cost WLAN equipment in mind. Thus, we wish to estimate the performance penalty our proposed mechanisms incur for such devices and study their limitations as to the support for secure data and multimedia communications. In this work, we measure the maximum number of simultaneous voice calls that a P2PWNC-enabled access point can sustain, and the TCP throughput achieved by a single mobile station in the presence of simultaneous TCP flows by other P2PWNC users, when IPsec is employed to secure communications.
Embedded SNR multilayer video transcoding with MPEG-2 compliancy (2005)

Proposed are various codec architectures for encoding the quantisation error of MPEG-2 base layer transcoders using embedded bitstreams technologies. An existing solution based on Fine Granular Scalability is reviewed and amended resulting in drift-free picture decoding. Likewise, two new approaches to MPEG-2 SNR scalability based on JPEG2000 (J2k) coding technology are proposed. It is shown that no modifications are required for MPEG-2-compliant single-layer decoders whilst replacing the static (not adaptable) MPEG-2 SNR video layers with embedded bitstreams.
Circadian Activity Rhythms and Sleep in Nurses Working Fixed 8-hr Shifts (2014)

Shift work is associated with adverse health outcomes. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of shift work on circadian activity rhythms (CARs) and objective and subjective sleep quality in nurses. Female day-shift (n = 16), evening-shift (n = 6), and night-shift (n = 13) nurses wore a wrist actigraph to monitor the activity. We used cosinor analysis and time-frequency analysis to study CARs. Night-shift nurses exhibited the lowest values of circadian rhythm amplitude, acrophase, autocorrelation, and mean of the circadian relative power (CRP), whereas evening-shift workers exhibited the greatest standard deviation of the CRP among the three shift groups. That is, night-shift nurses had less robust CARs and evening-shift nurses had greater variations in CARs compared with nurses who worked other shifts. Our results highlight the importance of assessing CARs to prevent the adverse effects of shift work on nurses' health.
Pharmacokinetics and tolerance study of intravitreal injection of dexamethasone-loaded nanoparticles in rabbits (2009)

The aim of the study was to investigate the tolerance and pharmacokinetics of dexamethasone (DEX)-loaded poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (DEX-NPs) in rabbits after intravitreal injection. The DEX-NPs were prepared and characterized in terms of morphology, particle size and size distribution, encapsulation efficiency, and in vitro release. Ophthalmic investigations were performed, including fundus observation and photography, intraocular pressure measurement, and B-scan ocular ultrasonography. There were no abnormalities up to 50 days after administration of DEX-NPs in rabbits. The DEX concentrations in plasma and the ocular tissues such as the cornea, aqueous humor, lens, iris, vitreous humor, and chorioretina were determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The DEX-NPs maintained a sustained release of DEX for about 50 days in vitreous and provided relatively constant DEX levels for more than 30 days with a mean concentration of 3.85 mg/L(-1). Based on the areas under the curve, the bioavailability of DEX in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group injected with regular DEX. These results suggest that intravitreal injection of DEX-NPs lead to a sustained release of DEX with a high bioavailability, providing a basis for a novel approach to the treatment of posterior segment diseases.
Роль тактильной чувствительности в практическом обучении лапароскопической хирургии (2013)

The benefits of haptic feedback in laparoscopic surgery training simulators is a topic of debate in the literature. It is hypothesized that novice surgeons may not benefit from the haptic information, especially during the initial phase of learning a new task. Therefore, providing haptic feedback to novice trainees in the early stage of training may be distracting and detrimental to learning. The ProMIS and the MIST-VR surgical simulators were used to represent conditions with and without haptic feedback, respectively. Twenty novice subjects (10 per simulator) were trained to perform suturing and knot-tying and practiced the tasks over eighteen one-hour sessions. At the end of the 3-week training period, subjects performed equally fast but more consistently with haptics (ProMIS) than without (MIST-VR). Subjects showed slightly higher learning rate and reached the first plateau of the learning curve earlier with haptic feedback. In general, learning with haptic feedback was significantly better than without haptic feedback for a laparoscopic suturing and knot-tying task, but only in the first 5 hours of training.
Potential of Urine Biomarkers CHI3L1, NGAL, TIMP-2, IGFBP7, and Combinations as Complementary Diagnostic Tools for Acute Kidney Injury after Pediatric Cardiac Surgery: A Prospective Cohort Study (2023)

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common after pediatric cardiac surgery (CS). Several urine biomarkers have been validated to detect AKI earlier. The objective of this study was to evaluate urine CHI3L1, NGAL, TIMP-2, IGFBP7, and NephroCheck<sup>®</sup> as predictors for AKI ≥ 1 in pediatric CS after 48 h and AKI ≥ 2 after 12 h. Pediatric patients (age < 18 year; body weight ≥ 2 kg) requiring CS were prospectively included. Urine CHI3L1, NGAL, TIMP-2, IGFBP7, and NephroCheck<sup>®</sup> were measured during surgery and intensive care unit (ICU) stay and corrected for urine dilution. One hundred and one pediatric patients were included. AKI ≥ 1 within 48 h after ICU admission occurred in 62.4% and AKI ≥ 2 within 12 h in 30.7%. All damage biomarkers predicted AKI ≥ 1 within 48 h after ICU admission, when corrected for urine dilution: CHI3L1 (AUC-ROC: 0.642 (95% CI, 0.535-0.741)), NGAL (0.765 (0.664-0.848)), TIMP-2 (0.778 (0.662-0.868)), IGFBP7 (0.796 (0.682-0.883)), NephroCheck<sup>®</sup> (0.734 (0.614-0.832)). Similarly, AKI ≥ 2 within 12 h was predicted by all damage biomarkers when corrected for urine dilution: uCHI3L1 (AUC-ROC: 0.686 (95% CI, 0.580-0.780)), NGAL (0.714 (0.609-0.804)), TIMP-2 (0.830 (0.722-0.909)), IGFBP7 (0.834 (0.725-0.912)), NephroCheck<sup>®</sup> (0.774 (0.658-0.865)). After pediatric cardiac surgery, the damage biomarkers urine CHI3L1, NGAL, TIMP-2, IGFBP7, and NephroCheck<sup>®</sup> reliably predict AKI after correction for urine dilution.
An Ultra-Low-Power Transformer-Feedback 60 GHz Low-Noise Amplifier in 90 nm CMOS (2012)

An ultra-low-power 60 GHz low-noise amplifier (LNA) with a 12.5 dB peak gain and a 5.4 dB minimum NF is demonstrated in a 90 nm CMOS technology. The LNA is composed of four cascaded common-source stages with the gate-source transformer feedback applied to the input stage for simultaneous noise and input matching. Also, the drain-source transformer feedback is used in the following stages for gain enhancement and interstage/output matching. This LNA consumes only 4.4 mW from a 1 V supply with a compact core area of 0.047 .
AlInAs/InP MODFET structures grown by OMVPE (1990)

The growth of modulation-doped AlInAs/InP heterostructures with two-dimensional electron gases and the fabrication of the first AlInAs/InP HEMT are reported. Hall measurements and Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations observed in these heterostructures yield electron mobilities as high as 26000, 9000, and 2300 cm/sup 2//V-s at 2 K, 77 K, and 300 K respectively, with sheet electron concentrations as high as 1.5*10/sup 12/ cm/sup -2/. AlInAs/InP HEMTs fabricated from this material have extrinsic transconductances as high as 40 mS/mm, gate-drain and drain-source breakdown voltages as high as 20 V, and saturation drain current densities of 0.1 A/mm of gate width. These initial results show that practical microwave power HEMTs can be fabricated from AlInAs/InP heterojunctions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>