gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Compliant substratum guides endothelial commitment from human pluripotent stem cells (2017)

The role of mechanical regulation in driving human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) differentiation has been minimally explored. Although endothelial cell (EC) fate from hiPSCs has been demonstrated using small molecules to drive mesoderm induction, the effects of substrate stiffness with regard to EC differentiation efficiency have yet to be elucidated. We hypothesized that substrate compliance can modulate mesoderm differentiation kinetics from hiPSCs and affect downstream EC commitment. To this end, we used polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-a transparent, biocompatible elastomeric material-as a substrate to study EC commitment of hiPSCs using a stepwise differentiation scheme. Using physiologically stiff (1.7 MPa) and soft (3 kPa) PDMS substrates, compared to polystyrene plates (3 GPa), we demonstrate that mechanical priming during mesoderm induction activates the Yes-associated protein and drives Wnt/β-catenin signaling. When mesoderm differentiation was induced on compliant PDMS substrates in both serum and serum-free E6 medium, mesodermal genetic signatures (<i>T</i>, <i>KDR</i>, <i>MESP-1</i>, <i>GATA-2</i>, and <i>SNAIL-1</i>) were enhanced. Furthermore, examination of EC fate following stiffness priming revealed that compliant substrates robustly improve EC commitment through VECad, CD31, vWF, and eNOS marker expression. Overall, we show that substrate compliance guides EC fate by enhancing mesoderm induction through Wnt activation without the addition of small molecules. These findings are the first to show that the mechanical context of the differentiation niche can be as potent as chemical cues in driving EC identity from hiPSCs.
An optical reflectarray nanoantenna: The concept and design (2009)

This paper presents the concept and design of a reflectarray nanoantenna at optical frequencies whose elements are nano-sized concentric spherical particles with the core made of ordinary dielectrics and the shell made of a plasmonic material. Modeling approaches based on finite difference time domain (FDTD) numerical method and dipole-modes scattering theory are used to characterize and tune the reflectarray design. A 6x6 elements reflectarray nanoantenna operating at wavelength 357.1nm with narrow beamwidth is presented, and its scanned radiation characteristics for 15 degrees and 30 degrees are demonstrated.
Tuning of the Brillouin scattering properties in microstructured optical fibers by liquid infiltration (2023)

We demonstrate the possibility to modify the Brillouin scattering properties of a microstructured pure-silica core optical fiber, by infiltrating a liquid inside its holes. In particular, we show that the dependence of the Brillouin frequency shift (BFS) on the temperature can be reduced by infiltration, owing to the large negative thermo-optic coefficient of the liquid. Infiltrating a chloroform-acetonitrile mixture with a refractive index of 1.365 inside the holes of a suspended-core fiber with a core diameter of 3 µm, the BFS temperature sensing coefficient is reduced by ≈ 21%, while the strain sensitivity remains almost unaltered. Besides tuning the temperature sensing coefficient, the proposed platform could find other applications in Brillouin sensing, such as distributed electrical and magnetic measurements, or enhanced Brillouin gain in fibers infiltrated with high nonlinear optical media.
New application for nonlinear directional coupler: intensity controlled tunable optical filter (1991)

A novel intensity controlled optical filter is proposed. A reduction in bandwidth and peak efficiency is observed with increase in power. The device can in special cases operate as a linear optically tunable filter with no reduction in bandwidth or efficiency.
Glutathione S-transferase from beef heart: structural and kinetic properties. (1985)

A simple and rapid method for the purification of glutathione S-transferase is described. The physical and kinetic properties of purified enzyme are reported. The protein is constituted of two identical subunits with a total molecular weight of 46,000 daltons. The isoelectric focusing of crude cytosol or purified preparation gives a single peak of activity with a pI of 7.1. The kinetic analysis shows a relatively strict substrate specificity. Only 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is conjugated to reduced glutathione at an appreciable rate. The peroxidase activity of the enzyme with respect to cumene hydroperoxide as substrate is negligible. Hemin and bilirubin are competitive inhibitors of catalytic activity.
Effects of cytochromeP-450 metabolites of arachidonic acid on the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) (2011)

Sodium reabsorption via the epithelial Na(+) channel (ENaC) in the aldosterone-sensitive distal nephron plays a central role in the regulation of body fluid volume. Previous studies have indicated that arachidonic acid (AA) and its metabolite 11,12-EET but not other regioisomers of EETs inhibit ENaC activity in the collecting duct. The goal of this study was to investigate the endogenous metabolism of AA in cultured mpkCCD(c14) principal cells and the effects of these metabolites on ENaC activity. Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis of the mpkCCD(c14) cells indicated that these cells produce prostaglandins, 8,9-EET, 11,12-EET, 14,15-EET, 5-HETE, 12/8-HETE, and 15-HETE, but not 20-HETE. Single-channel patch-clamp experiments revealed that 8,9-EET, 14,15-EET, and 11,12-EET all decrease ENaC activity. Neither 5-, 12-, nor 15-HETE had any effect on ENaC activity. Diclofenac and ibuprofen, inhibitors of cyclooxygenase, decreased transepithelial Na(+) transport in the mpkCCD(c14) cells. Inhibition of cytochrome P-450 (CYP450) with MS-PPOH activated ENaC-mediated sodium transport when cells were pretreated with AA and diclofenac. Coexpression of CYP2C8, but not CYP4A10, with ENaC in Chinese hamster ovary cells significantly decreased ENaC activity in whole-cell experiments, whereas 11,12-EET mimicked this effect. Thus both endogenously formed EETs and their exogenous application decrease ENaC activity. Downregulation of ENaC activity by overexpression of CYP2C8 was PKA dependent and was prevented by myristoylated PKI treatment. Biotinylation experiments and single-channel analysis revealed that long-term treatment with 11,12-EET and overexpression of CYP2C8 decreased the number of channels in the membrane. In contrast, the acute inhibitory effects are mediated by a decrease in the open probability of the ENaC. We conclude that 11,12-EET, 8,9-EET, and 14,15-EET are endogenously formed eicosanoids that modulate ENaC activity in the collecting duct.
Local anaesthetic block protects against electrically-induced damage in peripheral nerve (1990)

This study is one of a series addressing the mechanisms involved in the production of neural damage caused by continuous, prolonged electrical stimulation of peripheral nerve. It has been previously shown that sustained, high frequency electrical stimulation of the cat's peroneal nerve may cause irreversible neural damage in the form of axonal degeneration of the large myelinated fibres. In this study we demonstrate that blocking the action potentials on most of the nerve fibres with local anaesthetics (10% procaine or 2% lidocaine) almost completely prevents the axonal degeneration. The abolition of axonal injury by local anaesthetic block strongly suggests that the electrically-induced damage is due to prolonged electrical excitation of axons. Furthermore, since less than complete suppression of the induced neural activity by local anaesthetic engenders essentially complete sparing of all axons, our results suggest that the damage to individual axons derives, at least in part, from stimulation-induced global changes in the nerve.
Low voltage Flash memory design based on floating gate SOFFET (2016)

Flash memory is widely used, especially for mobile applications, as nonvolatile memory storage. In this paper, we present a Flash memory design based on Silicon on Ferroelectric-Insulator FET (SOFFET) device. This device has shown tremendous potential for various ultra-low-power (ULP) applications. SOFFET has the potential to provide high performance, multi-V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> design, strong threshold voltage control, low voltage operation, and below 60mV/decade subthreshold swing. The proposed approach utilizes conventional floating gate on SOI architecture with an additional ferroelectric insulator layer. The threshold voltage of the device is influenced by the charge accumulation on the floating gate as well as a control voltage. Due to the ferroelectric layer which allows the formation of negative capacitance effect inside a transistor, the presented Flash memory cell can be turned at a lower electric field. As a result, both program and erase operations can be performed at a lower voltage, making it ideal for low-power application. Moreover, the proposed Flash memory is compatible with conventional SOI fabrication process with minor adjustment.
Transendoskopische Therapie eines intermittierenden Epiglottic Entrapment am stehenden Pferd (1997)

Epiglottic entrapment can be associated with poor performance in- and exspiratory stertor and occasionally with coughing (Honnas and Wheat 1988; Robertson, 1991; Lumsden et al., 1994; Lumsden at al. 1995). But it can also be an incidental finding (Ferraro, 1990). A 14 year old Trakehner stallion was presented to the Veterinary Hospital of the University of Zurich with a history of an abnormal inspiratory noise increasing with exercise. The general physical examination showed no abnormalities. By endoscopy during exercise on a high-speed treadmill the diagnosis of intermittent epiglottic entrapment could be made. Therapy consisted of two transendoscopic surgeries two days apart. In the first session subepiglotteal tissue was resected via a transoral approach, in a second session the aryepiglottic folds were partly removed. Both manipulations were performed electrosurgically with a wire snare in the standing, sedated horse and local anaesthesia of the mucosal membranes. No medication was given after surgery. The horse was fed fresh gras and was walked daily for 15 minutes for one week. Six days after the second surgery no abnormalities on general physical examination and during an endoscopy at rest were present. By exercise endoscopy on the treadmill the Epiglottic entrapment could not be induced any more neither at the same or at higher exercise intensities than before surgery. The main advantages of the surgical technique used in this case are the easy to perform procedure, minimal trauma by the transoral approach and a short reconvalescence period.
A HYDROGEN-1, CARBON-13, AND NITROGEN-15 NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE STUDY OF p-BENZOQUINONE POLYMERS INCORPORATING AMINO NITROGEN COMPOUNDS (“SYNTHETIC HUMIC ACIDS”) (1982)

We made a chemical and NMR study of a set of phenolic polymers of the type long proposed as possible synthetic models for humic acid. Twelve polymers were prepared by air oxidation of p-benzoquinone, and p-benzoquinone plus ammonium chloride, glycine, diglycine, triglycine, alanine, dialanine, alanylglycine, glycylalanine, casein, casein hydrolyzate, and 95 percent 15]N-enriched ammonium chloride. These were characterized by elemental and functional group analysis, acid hydrolysis, dialysis, infrared spectroscopy, and 1]H, 13]C, and solid-state CPMAS 13]C NMR spectroscopy, and by 15]N NMR of the 15]N-enriched polymer. The results strongly support previous suggestions that the polymers are formed by coupling of semiquinone radicals generated in solution, giving a hydroquinone-type skeleton, that amino compounds may be incorporated by formation of bonds between amino nitrogen and aromatic carbon, and that some decarboxylation and deamination of amino acids occurs during polymerization. In addition, formation of carboxylic acid groups and an aliphatic component for all polymers suggests that some ring-opening occurs during polymerization. There was also possible evidence for formation of amides in the nitrogen-containing polymers.
Design Space Exploration for Secure IoT Devices and Cyber-Physical Systems (2021)

With the advent of the Internet of Things (IoT) and Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), embedded devices have been gaining importance in our daily lives, as well as industrial processes. Independent of their usage, be it within an IoT system or a CPS, embedded devices are always an attractive target for security attacks, mainly due to their continuous network availability and the importance of the data they handle. Thus, the design of such systems requires a thorough consideration of the various security constraints they are liable to. Introducing these security constraints, next to other requirements, such as power consumption, and performance increases the number of design choices a system designer must consider. As the various constraints are often conflicting with each other, designers face the complex task of balancing them. System designers facilitate Design Space Exploration (DSE) tools to support a system designer in this job. However, available DSE tools only offer a limited way of considering security constraints during the design process. In this article, we introduce a novel DSE framework, which allows the consideration of security constraints, in the form of attack scenarios, and attack mitigations in the form of security tasks. Based on the descriptions of the system’s functionality and architecture, possible attacks, and known mitigation techniques, the framework finds the optimal design for a secure IoT device or CPS. Our framework’s functionality and its benefits are shown based on the design of a secure sensor system.
Experimental validation of MIMO multiuser detection for umts high-speed downlink packet access (2005)

In single-user MIMO communication, the first-order throughput scaling is determined by the smaller of the number of transmit and receive antennas. This typically renders terminals the constraining bottleneck. In a multiuser downlink, this bottleneck can be bypassed by having the base station communicate with multiple terminals simultaneously, whereby the receive antennas at those terminals are effectively pooled in term of throughput scaling. This, however, requires that the base has instantaneous channel information. Without such information, the structure and statistics of the channel can be exploited to form multiple simultaneous beams towards the various users, but these beams are in general mutually interfering. Focusing on UMTS HSDPA (high-speed downlink packet access), the paper proposes the use of multiuser detection to discriminate the signals conveyed over interfering beams. This approach is formulated and experimentally evaluated on an HSDPA MIMO testbed that involves a commercial base station, multi-antenna terminals, and custom ASICs.
Raman scattering method for high precision comparative measurements of the oxygen concentration in air (1985)

We describe a method designed to determine relative concentrations of oxygen in air to a few parts per million. The method is based on the comparison of Raman scattering intensities from air in two cells, both of which are placed inside the cavity of an Ar ion laser. The scattered light is channeled through fiber optic light guides into the detectors which consist of dielectric interference filters and photomultiplier tubes. The systematic errors effecting the long-term stability of the intensity comparison are analyzed and our efforts to overcome these errors are described. 16 refs., 18 figs., 1 tab.
The first set of EST resource for gene discovery and marker development in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajanL.) (2010)

The pigeonpea EST dataset generated here provides a transcriptomic resource for gene discovery and development of functional markers associated with biotic stress resistance. Sequence analyses of this dataset have showed conservation of a considerable number of pigeonpea transcripts across legume and model plant species analysed as well as some putative pigeonpea specific genes. Validation of identified biotic stress responsive genes should provide candidate genes for allele mining as well as candidate markers for molecular breeding.
Growing and Analyzing Biofilms in Flow Cells (2006)

The setup of flow cell systems for the study of microbial biofilms and methods for the analysis of structural biofilm development are described in this unit. Use of flow cells allows direct microscopic investigation of biofilm development. The biofilms in flow cells develop under hydrodynamic conditions, and the environment can be carefully controlled and easily changed. The protocols in this unit include construction of the flow cell and the bubble trap, assembly and sterilization of the flow cell system, inoculation of the flow cells, running of the system, image capture and analysis, and disassembly and cleaning of the system. In addition, embedding and fluorescent in situ hybridization of flow cell-grown biofilms are addressed.
3-D Image Recognition System For Drive Assist (2005)

This paper describes a three-dimensional image recognition system developed to recognize road boundaries and obstacles. Based on stereoscopy, the system can detect two white lane marks, two fences along the road and as many as six obstacles simultaneously within 0.1 second. This system is effective during night, and bright sunny days which cause strong shadows. It can also work under counter-light, and adjust to the rapid change of brightness.
Towards Designing Agent Based Virtual Reality Applications for Cybersecurity Training (2019)

Agents are becoming increasingly ubiquitous in people's lives. There is potential for agents to help with scalability of digital learning and training. This paper presents the findings from two ideation workshops centered around designing a short interaction with a digital agent in Virtual Reality (VR), in the context of cybersecurity training. The workshop discussions were subjected to thematic analysis to extract design insights. The design insights fall into three broad categories: thematic (e.g. different metaphors to translate cybersecurity concepts), stylistic (e.g. less realistic art), and mechanical (e.g. VR gestures). These insights will guide the design and development of a VR training environment.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Block, Graft and Star Polymers from Inorganic Macroinitiators (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
What do we really know about the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in muscle atrophy? (2001)

Studies of many different rodent models of muscle wasting have indicated that accelerated proteolysis via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is the principal cause of muscle atrophy induced by fasting, cancer cachexia, metabolic acidosis, denervation, disuse, diabetes, sepsis, burns, hyperthyroidism and excess glucocorticoids. However, our understanding about how muscle proteins are degraded, and how the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is activated in muscle under these conditions, is still very limited. The identities of the important ubiquitin-protein ligases in skeletal muscle, and the ways in which they recognize substrates are still largely unknown. Recent in-vitro studies have suggested that one set of ubquitination enzymes, E2(14K) and E3(alpha), which are responsible for the 'N-end rule' system of ubiquitination, plays an important role in muscle, especially in catabolic states. However, their functional significance in degrading different muscle proteins is still unclear. This review focuses on the many gaps in our understanding of the functioning of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in muscle atrophy, and highlights the strengths and limitations of the different experimental approaches used in such studies.
Textbook of Laparoscopy (1993)

Section I: Basic Sciences. History. Light: Optics and Television. Power: Electricity and Laser. Gas Pneumoperitoneum. Wound Healing. Section II: Basic Clinical Aspects. Facilities and Equipment. Nursing. Assessing Patient Risk. Abdominal Entry. Teaching and Credentialing. Anesthesia. Section III: Basic Gynecology. Sterilization Techniques. Infertility. Chronic Pelvic Pain. Acute Pelvic Pain. Persistent Adnexal Mass: Preoperative Vaginal Ultrasonographic. Endometriosis. Informed Consent. Section IV: Operative Gynecology. Special Requirements. Lower Abdominal Incisions and Specimen Removal Techniques. Lysis of Adhesions. Hemostasis. Adnexal Surgery. Ectopic Pregnancy. Section V: Advanced Gynecology. Laparoscopic Peritoneal Cavity Adhesiolysis. Pelvic Sidewall Dissection. On Stress Incontinence. Correction of Genital Prolapse. Laparoscopic Hysterectomy. Section VI: Gynecological Controversies. Office Laparoscopy Unde Local Anesthesia (OLULA). Mapping Pelvic Pain Under Local Anesthesia: Patient-Assisted Laparoscopy. Cul-De-Sac Endometriosis. Tubo-Ovarian and Pelvic Abscess. Laparoscopic Myomectomy. The Role of Operative Laparoscopy in Gynecologic Oncology. Laparoscopic Pelvic Lymphadenectomy. Laparoscopic Para-Aortic Lymphadenectomy. Section VII: General Surgery. Cholecystectomy. Laparoscopic Herniorrhaphy. Laparoscopic Surgical Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. Laparoscopic Appendectomy. Emergency Room Laparoscopy. Section VIII: Complications. Survey Data: Mortality and Morbidity. Laparoscopic Management of Complications.
A Method for the Identification of Streptococcus mutans in Gingival Margin Plaque by Immunofluorescence (1990)

A method was developed to identify Streptococcus mutans in natural dental plaque by indirect immunofluorescence staining, using a high-titred polyclonal antiserum raised against a serotype c strain of S. mutans followed by an FITC conjugate. Specificity was determined by staining 45 representative strains of plaque organisms, which demonstrated minimal cross-reactions. In vitro incubation of S. mutans NCTC 10449 films with a human serum containing antibodies to S. mutans and the presence of extracellular polysaccharide did not inhibit staining. The staining method enabled 98% of the streptococci to be detected in mixtures of S. mutans NCTC 10449 and Lactobacillus casei NCTC 10302. S. mutans was detected at a ratio of 1:100,000 in mixtures of pure cultures. In plaque samples, S. mutans could be distinguished from other organisms, including an unidentified cross-reacting bacillus found in some gingival plaque samples. The results suggest that immunofluorescence is a fast, practical method for identifying specific bacteria in plaque and, therefore, could be of use in microbiological studies of caries.
A novel approach to non‐segmented flow analysis. Part 2. A prototype high‐performance analyser (1988)

A high-performance continuous flow analyser is described, based on gas pressure driven carrier and reagents controlled by computer switched solenoid valves. The principal characteristics of the analyser are discussed and examples of its performance are provided in the form of results obtained using a standard procedure for the determination of Cr(VI). The system was also tested in use with real samples using an ammonium ion analysis on potable and effluent water samples, and the results compared with those obtained using a segmented continuous flow method operated at the Laboratory of the Government Chemist.
Supplementary Figure 6 from Activation of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase by Membrane Localization of p110α Predisposes Mammary Glands to Neoplastic Transformation (2023)

Supplementary Figure 6 from Activation of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase by Membrane Localization of p110α Predisposes Mammary Glands to Neoplastic Transformation