gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intraocular Delivery of a Collagen Mimetic Peptide Repairs Retinal Ganglion Cell Axons in Chronic and Acute Injury Models (2022)

Vision loss through the degeneration of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons occurs in both chronic and acute conditions that target the optic nerve. These include glaucoma, in which sensitivity to intraocular pressure (IOP) causes early RGC axonal dysfunction, and optic nerve trauma, which causes rapid axon degeneration from the site of injury. In each case, degeneration is irreversible, necessitating new therapeutics that protect, repair, and regenerate RGC axons. Recently, we demonstrated the reparative capacity of using collagen mimetic peptides (CMPs) to heal fragmented collagen in the neuronal extracellular milieu. This was an important step in the development of neuronal-based therapies since neurodegeneration involves matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-mediated remodeling of the collagen-rich environment in which neurons and their axons exist. We found that intraocular delivery of a CMP comprising single-strand fractions of triple helix human type I collagen prevented early RGC axon dysfunction in an inducible glaucoma model. Additionally, CMPs also promoted neurite outgrowth from dorsal root ganglia, challenged in vitro by partial digestion of collagen. Here, we compared the ability of a CMP sequence to protect RGC axons in both inducible glaucoma and optic nerve crush. A three-week +40% elevation in IOP caused a 67% degradation in anterograde transport to the superior colliculus, the primary retinal projection target in rodents. We found that a single intravitreal injection of CMP during the period of IOP elevation significantly reduced this degradation. The same CMP delivered shortly after optic nerve crush promoted significant axonal recovery during the two-week period following injury. Together, these findings support a novel protective and reparative role for the use of CMPs in both chronic and acute conditions affecting the survival of RGC axons in the optic projection to the brain.
Möglichkeiten der Anwendung von Quantenstrahlung zur örtlichen Dichtebestimmung (1976)

In einer Übersicht werden einige Methoden zur Bestimmung von örtlichen Dichteverteilungen miteinander vergliehen, die Direktdurchstrahlungsmethode und Möglichkeiten zur Realisierung der Streustrahlungsmethode. Es wird gezeigt, daβ Streustrahlungsmessungen bei höheren Flächenmassen empfindlicher als Durchstrahlungsmessungen sind. Durch Kombination von Streu- und Durchstrahlungsmessungen kann eine Vierpunktmeβtechnik aufgebaut werden, mit der die Dichte auf einfache Weise bestimmt wird.
An active testing model for tracking roads in satellite images (1996)

We present a new approach for tracking roads from satellite images, and thereby illustrate a general computational strategy ("active testing") for tracking 1D structures and other recognition tasks in computer vision. Our approach is related to recent work in active vision on "where to look next" and motivated by the "divide-and-conquer" strategy of parlour games. We choose "tests" (matched filters for short road segments) one at a time in order to remove as much uncertainty as possible about the "true hypothesis" (road position) given the results of the previous tests. The tests are chosen online based on a statistical model for the joint distribution of tests and hypotheses. The problem of minimizing uncertainty (measured by entropy) is formulated in simple and explicit analytical terms. At each iteration new image data are examined and a new entropy minimization problem is solved (exactly), resulting in a new image location to inspect, and so forth. We report experiments using panchromatic SPOT satellite imagery with a ground resolution of ten meters.
Path-time independent trajectory planning of ladder climbing with shortest path length for a four-limbed robot (2016)

This paper describes a trajectory planning method of ladder climbing for a four-limbed robot. The overall design of the four-limbed robot and the specific design of its end-effector is explained. The trajectory planning consists of two components: path planning and time planning, and the separation of these two parts are realized by arc-length parameterization. In path planning, we use cubic spline interpolation to generate the path according to the given mid-points. It is a fact that the shape of path depends on the choice of the coefficients of the interpolation polynomial, and so does the path length. Therefore, we propose a minimization of path length so that once the mid-points are all given, the generated path will always be the shortest spline curve. For time planning, it enables us to decide how long the path goes in arbitrary given times. Due to the independence between path and time planning, different time planning along the same path can be applied for the purpose of speed adjustment, avoidance of moving obstacles, releasing the burden of motors and so on. Results from simulations and experiments authenticate the validity of our trajectory planning method.
Multifrequency analysis of the α relaxation region of high‐density polyethylenes: Influence of thermal history (1991)

Abstract The activation energy analysis of the dynamic‐mechanical α relaxation has been carried out as a function of thermal history for several high‐density polyethylenes. The air‐quenched samples display a unique α relaxation whose temperature dependence fits a constant activation energy regardless of the structural features of the samples, whilst the isothermally crystallized samples, on the other hand, display an asymmetric α peak that, often, splits into two, which does not fit a constant activation energy. The asymmetry of the α peak as well as the splitting has been explained accounting for two different relaxation time distributions. The dependence of the intensity of the α and α′ relaxations on frequency have been discussed in terms of different mean relaxation times and amorphous layer thickness.
Computer‐Aided Rational Design of Catalytic Antibodies: The 1F7 Case (2006)

Thinking it through: Details of the transition-state structures of the chorismate to prephenate rearrangement in the active site of the 1F7 (N33S) mutant were obtained by computer-aided rational design. This method may be used to determine whether antibody scaffolds are evolutionary dead ends or if they can be further improved. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2007/z603293_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Hyperspectral inversion of Suaeda salsa biomass under different types of human activity in Liaohe Estuary wetland in north-eastern China (2019)

Human activities alter the growth of coastal wetland vegetation. In the present study, we used a spectrometer and hyperspectral data to determine and compare the biomass of Suaeda salsa in a coastal wetland under protective and destructive activities. Using typical discriminants, the hyperspectral data of Suaeda salsa were distinguished under the influence of two kinds of human activity, and the accuracy of the inversion model of biomass was established following improved differentiation of the data under the influence of human activities. The original spectral reflectance and vegetation index were selected, and the biomass-inversion model was established by linear regression and partial least-squares regression. The model established by partial least-squares regression had a good precision (R2 &amp;gt; 0.85, RMSE% &amp;lt; 5.6%). Hyperspectral technology can accurately show plant biomass and the indirect effects of interference by human activities of different intensity on coastal wetlands. The accuracy of the models can be improved by distinguishing the vegetation patterns under the influence of different types of human activity, and then constructing the biomass models. This study provides technical support for the use of quantitative remote sensing-based methods to monitor the fragile ecology of coastal wetlands under the influence of human activities.
Demo: Deploying a Drone to Restore Connectivity in a WSN (2016)

This paper describes our demonstration of a network repair problem where a drone places a new sensor node to replace a failed node in order to heal the connectivity for a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). It serves to show the potential of our published solutions for automated network repair when the repairing agent is a drone.
Line-field spectral domain optical coherence tomography using a 2D camera (2009)

A Line-field Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography method is proposed to enable fast B-Scan imaging. This system was constructed from a combination of a conventional Spectral Domain OCT and a line field imaging system, which directs a line-shaped focus onto a specimen. An array of depth-information-encoded-spectra was collected by a two-dimensinal CCD camera. Numeric frequency resampling was applied to rows collected from the camera, followed by Fourier transformation on each individual spectrum obtained. This lead to B-Scan images generated from a single shot event. The performances of the imaging system are discussed. Images from skin of human fingers in-vivo and osseous tissue of human teeth are presented.
ClickSmart: A Context-Aware Viewpoint Recommendation System for Mobile Photography (2016)

In this paper, we propose ClickSmart, a viewpoint recommendation system that can assist a user in capturing high-quality photographs at well-known tourist locations. ClickSmart can provide real-time viewpoint recommendation based on the preview on the user's camera, current time, and user's geolocation. It makes use of publicly available geotagged images along with the associated metadata for learning a recommendation model. We define view-cells, macroblocks in geospace, and propose the concepts of popularity, quality, and uniqueness of view-cells from the viewpoint perspective. Viewpoint recommendation is generated at the granularity of a view-cell and is based on its popularity, quality, and uniqueness, which are estimated using social media cues associated with images. We further observe that contextual information such as time and weather conditions play an important role in photography, and therefore augment the recommendation system with the associated context. ClickSmart also takes into account the presence of people in the view for making the recommendation. It can provide two kinds of recommendations, quality based and uniqueness based. Although both were found effective in the experimental evaluation, our user study showed that uniqueness-based recommendation was preferred more by skilled photographers compared with amateurs.
A simple geometric model for elastic deformations (2010)

We advocate a simple geometric model for elasticity: distance between the differential of a deformation and the rotation group . It comes with rigorous differential geometric underpinnings, both smooth and discrete, and is computationally almost as simple and efficient as linear elasticity. Owing to its geometric non-linearity, though, it does not suffer from the usual linearization artifacts. A material model with standard elastic moduli (Lamé parameters) falls out naturally, and a minimizer for static problems is easily augmented to construct a fully variational 2 nd order time integrator. It has excellent conservation properties even for very coarse simulations, making it very robust. Our analysis was motivated by a number of heuristic, physics-like algorithms from geometry processing (editing, morphing, parameterization, and simulation). Starting with a continuous energy formulation and taking the underlying geometry into account, we simplify and accelerate these algorithms while avoiding common pitfalls. Through the connection with the Biot strain of mechanics, the intuition of previous work that these ideas are "like" elasticity is shown to be spot on.
Novel therapies abound in pipeline (2017)

The importance of novel therapies for ocular disease is a given. However, as most novel therapies are financed by the private sector, it is fortunate that investors find ophthalmology a worthwhile investment.
Born Too Soon: Accelerating actions for prevention and care of 15 million newborns born too soon (2013)

Preterm birth complication is the leading cause of neonatal death resulting in over one million deaths each year of the 15 million babies born preterm. To accelerate change, we provide an overview of the comprehensive strategy required, the tools available for context-specifi c health system implementation now, and the priorities for research and innovation. There is an urgent need for action on a dual track: (1) through strategic research to advance the prevention of preterm birth and (2) improved implementation and innovation for care of the premature neonate. We highlight evidence-based interventions along the continuum of care, noting gaps in coverage, quality, equity and implications for integration and scale up. Improved metrics are critical for both burden and tracking programmatic change. Linked to the United Nation’s Every Women Every Child strategy, a target was set for 50% reduction in preterm deaths by 2025. Three analyses informed this target: historical change in high income countries, recent progress in best performing countries, and modelling of mortality reduction with high coverage of existing interventions. If universal coverage of selected interventions were to be achieved, then 84% or more than 921,000 preterm neonatal deaths could be prevented annually, with antenatal corticosteroids and Kangaroo Mother Care having the highest impact. Everyone has a role to play in reaching this target including government leaders, professionals, private sector, and of course families who are aff ected the most and whose voices have been critical for change in many of the countries with the most progress.
Synthesis of Novel Starches in Planta: Opportunities and Challenges (2003)

Abstract In addition to being the main source of energy in the human diet, starch is also used for a wide variety of industrial processes. Potato, maize, wheat and cassava are the major sources for industrial starch. While there are significant species‐dependent differences among these starches, in most cases it is necessary to chemically or physically modify the starches in order to meet the various industrial needs. The advent of molecular biology and genetic engineering has provided the requisite technologies to produce starches in planta with improved properties, which may reduce or eliminate the need for in vitro starch modification. In the last decade significant progress in our understanding of starch biosynthesis has been achieved through the use of these technologies. In this review, starch structure, functionality and use in industry are discussed. The recent discoveries in the area of starch biosynthesis are reviewed and several potential plant breeding and/or genetic engineering strategies for the modification of starch synthesis in planta are presented.
On Cross Component Adaptive Loop Filter for Video Compression (2019)

This paper introduces a video coding tool called the Cross Component Adaptive Loop Filter (CC-ALF). The goal of the tool is to improve chroma fidelity, and this is achieved by exploiting correlations between the luma and chroma channels during the loop filtering process. The tool analyzes the luma channel to determine a chroma residual that is added to a previously reconstructed chroma signal, where the analysis consists of applying a linear filter to the luma information. Adaptation of the filter is achieved by signaling the filter coefficients in the bit-stream and, furthermore, selectively enabling or disabling the process spatially across a picture. Results show the efficacy of the approach, where the performance is evaluated using the Common Test Conditions (CTC) defined by Joint Video Experts Team (JVET). The evaluations show that CCALF provides average chroma Bjøntegaard Delta improvement of 7.6%, 13.8% and 17.8% for all intra, random access, and low delay configurations. Additionally, an approach to shift these chroma gains to luma gains is considered and results in an average luma BD bitrate improvement of 0.9%.
A VEGF Trap Inhibits the Beneficial Effect of bFGF on Vasoreactivity in Corporal Tissues of Hypercholesterolemic Rabbits (2008)

These data demonstrate that VEGF activity contributes much of the therapeutic modulation of bFGF-mediated vasoreactivity in corporal tissue.
A TINA-based Distributed Environment for Mobile Multimedia Applications (2000)

This paper describes the design and implementation of a component of the Telecommunications Information Networking Architecture (TINA): the Distributed Processing Environment (DPE). TINA provides concepts, principles, models and standards for the next generation of telecommunication services. These new services take advantage of modern technologies such as high speed networks, multimedia processing, distributed objects, and component-oriented software development. The goal is to devise services that can be introduced, modified and withdrawn as soon as market demands are identified. TINA DPE provides the infrastructure necessary to distribute the service components among service users, providers and retailers. Our DPE implementation offers two basic facilities to the TINA applications: life-cycle and stream facilities. Life-cycle facilities allow distributed objects be deployed and managed transparently, while stream facilities allow application objects to exchange media flows such as audio and video flows.
Evolutionary Roots of Arginase Expression and Regulation (2014)

classical (M1), producing nitric oxide, NO, and M2, in which arginase activity is primarily expressed. Ornithine, the product of arginase, is a substrate for synthesis of polyamines and collagen, important for growth and ontogeny of animals. M2 macrophages, expressing high level of mitochondrial arginase, have been implicated in promoting cell division and deposition of collagen during ontogeny and wound repair. Arginase expression is the default mode of tissue macrophages, but can also be amplified by signals, such as IL-4/13 or transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) that accelerates wound healing and tissue repair. In worms, the induction of collagen gene is coupled with induction of immune response genes, both depending on the same TGF-β-like pathway. This suggests that the main function of M2 "heal" type macrophages is originally connected with the TGF-β superfamily of proteins, which are involved in regulation of tissue and organ differentiation in embryogenesis. Excretory-secretory products of metazoan parasites are able to induce M2-type of macrophage responses promoting wound healing without participation of Th2 cytokines IL-4/IL-13. The expression of arginase in lower animals can be induced by the presence of parasite antigens and TGF-β signals leading to collagen synthesis. This also means that the main proteins, which, in primitive metazoans, are involved in regulation of tissue and organ differentiation in embryogenesis are produced by innate immunity. The signaling function of NO is known already from the sponge stage of animal evolution. The cytotoxic role of NO molecule appeared later, as documented in immunity of marine mollusks and some insects. This implies that the M2-wound healing promoting function predates the defensive role of NO, a characteristic of M1 macrophages. Understanding when and how the M1 and M2 activities came to be in animals is useful for understanding how macrophage immunity, and immune responses operate.
Capacity optimisation method of distribution static synchronous compensator considering the risk of voltage sag in high‐voltage distribution networks (2015)

Unlike the traditional methods that only take static voltage stability or minimum network loss into consideration when optimising capacity of distribution static synchronous compensator (D‐STATCOM), a new approach is proposed with considering the risk of voltage sag as well as the network loss and the investment cost of D‐STATCOM. This approach can balance the investment cost and technical performance. Monte Carlo method is used for the random setting of fault types and locations to obtain the original probability of voltage sag under some given configuration schemes. Moreover, through revealing the hidden relationship between the original probability and the real‐time load, the converted probability is presented to fit the expression for calculating the original probability of voltage sag with respect to the size of additional D‐STATCOM. Finally, a single‐objective capacity optimisation model is established to obtain the optimum size of additional D‐STATCOM, which is based on the economic assessment method of risk. The proposed method is validated in Chinese Dongguang Distribution Networks. The result confirms this method can not only reduce the loss of voltage sag, but also significantly improve the efficiency of D‐STATCOM.
A method for delay analysis of interacting queues in multiple access systems (2002)

An approximate model for analyzing interacting queues is developed. This approximation models an N-dimensional infinite Markov chain by means of two Markov chains, one being one-dimensional and infinite and the other being N-dimensional and finite. The transition probabilities of each chain are expressed in terms of statistics of the other chain. The two chains are solved together iteratively to yield an approximation to the original N-dimensional infinite chain. The model is used to analyze systems of dependent queues which often arise in multiple access protocols. It is shown how this model can be used to analyze the ALOHA multiple access protocol as well as a previously proposed broadcast algorithm for a mesh network. The results compare very well with simulation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Long-Term Outcomes of Randomized Controlled Trials Comparing Percutaneous Left Atrial Appendage Closure to Oral Anticoagulation for Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation: A Meta-Analysis (2022)

The available evidence from RCTs suggests LAAC therapy is associated with reduced long-term risk of death compared with OAC. This may be driven by reductions in hemorrhagic stroke and major nonprocedural bleeding. There were no significant differences in the risk of all stroke. Further large-scale clinical trials are needed to validate these findings.
Malfunction Detection of the Cooling System in Air-Forced Power Transformers Using Online Thermal Monitoring (2016)

In order to make the best use of the existing assets, monitoring of power transformers provides the ability to continuously assess the overload capability of transformers. This can be more economically advantageous than the extension of the network by installing a new transformer. During the overloading periods, the cooling system of a power transformer plays a decisive role to transfer the heat generated in the windings to the surrounding ambient. The faulty operation of the cooling system should be detected by an online monitoring system before the transformer is overloaded. In this paper, an online algorithm is presented for malfunction detection of the cooling system based on the calculation of the standardized error in the calculated top-oil temperatures. Moreover, for calculation of the top-oil temperature, a new thermal model is proposed which uses a few design-dependent variables and considers different heat-transfer modes inside a transformer. For validation of the algorithm, the measured data during the normal operation of three transformers are used-two of them experienced failures in a part of their cooling system. The proposed model and algorithm can be easily implemented and integrated into monitoring systems due to their simplicity and good accuracy.