gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Excavation of the Partial Seam CRIP underground coal gasification test site (1987)

In the fall of 1983, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory conducted the Partial Seam CRIP (PSC) underground coal gasification (UCG) field experiment at the Washington Irrigation and Development Company mine near Centralia, Washington. The test, in the subbituminous Big Dirty coal seam, lasted 30 days during which time 1400 cubic meters of coal were consumed from two injection/production well combinations. In the spring of 1986, normal mining activity in the vicinity of the PSC test allowed the opportunity to carefully excavate the experiment and examine the post-burn cavities. The mining operation dug out the front and back half of the test area and most of the overburden above the UCG cavities, leaving approximately 23,000 cubic meters of earth containing the main portion of the test area undisturbed. Under direction of the Wyoming Research Institute (WRI), this remaining earth was carefully excavated, in slices perpendicular to the original injection/production line, using small earthmoving equipment to uncover and sample the final burn cavities. Preliminary results of the excavation were presented by WRI at the 12th Underground Coal Conversion Symposium. We present additional results and conclusions based on all of the information obtained. Topics covered include: comparison to material balance and thermal instrumentation data,more » analysis and composition of samples taken from the cavity and general cavity shape and characteristics in comparison with mechanistic models of cavity growth. 10 refs., 10 figs., 1 tab.« less
Block Me If You Can: A Large-Scale Study of Tracker-Blocking Tools (2017)

In this paper, we quantify the effectiveness of third-party tracker blockers on a large scale. First, we analyze the architecture of various state-of-the-art blocking solutions and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Second, we perform a two-part measurement study on the effectiveness of popular tracker-blocking tools. Our analysis quantifies the protection offered against trackers present on more than 100,000 popular websites and 10,000 popular Android applications. We provide novel insights into the ongoing arms race between trackers and developers of blocking tools as well as which tools achieve the best results under what circumstances. Among others, we discover that rule-based browser extensions outperform learning-based ones, trackers with smaller footprints are more successful at avoiding being blocked, and CDNs pose a major threat towards the future of tracker-blocking tools. Overall, the contributions of this paper advance the field of web privacy by providing not only the largest study to date on the effectiveness of tracker-blocking tools, but also by highlighting the most pressing challenges and privacy issues of third-party tracking.
Testing Java monitors through deterministic execution (2002)

Java is a popular, modern programming language that supports monitors. However, monitor implementations, like other concurrent programs, are hard to test due to the inherent non-determinism. The paper presents a method for testing Java monitors, which extends the work of P. Brinch Hansen (1978) on testing Concurrent Pascal monitors. A monitor is tested by executing a concurrent program in which the processes are synchronised by a clock to make the sequence of interactions deterministic and reproducible. The method is extended to account for the differences between Concurrent Pascal monitors and Java monitors, and to provide additional coverage of the implementation under test. Tool support and documentation in the form of a test plan are also provided. The method is illustrated in detail on an asymmetric producer-consumer monitor, which is the same example that was used to illustrate the original method. The application of the method to the readers and writers problem is also discussed.
Reduced size RF coupler design for specialized load requirements (2002)

Coupler circuits for exotic applications are described that yield a high degree of coupling, completely isolate the RF input and output for biasing considerations, and are approximately one-tenth the size of conventional microstrip couplers.
Linear Precoding for MIMO Channels (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: Space–time precoders and equalizers for MIMO channels Linear precoding based on convex optimization theory Convex optimization-theory-based beamforming References
A Low-power Low-cost Optical Router for Optical Networks-on-Chip in Multiprocessor Systems-on-Chip (2009)

Networks-on-chip (NoCs) can improve the communication bandwidth and power efficiency of multiprocessor systems-on-chip (MPSoC). However, traditional metallic interconnects consume significant amount of power to deliver even higher communication bandwidth required in the near future. Optical NoCs are based on optical interconnects and optical routers, and have significant bandwidth and power advantages. This paper proposed a high-performance low-power low-cost optical router, Cygnus, for optical NoCs. Cygnus is non-blocking and based on silicon microresonators. We compared Cygnus with other microresonator-based routers, and analyzed their power consumption, optical power insertion loss, and the number of microresonators used in detail. The results show that Cygnus has the lowest power consumption and losses, and requires the lowest number of microresonators. For example, Cygnus has 50% less power consumption, 51% less optical power insertion loss, and 20% less microresonators than the optimized traditional optical crossbar router. Comparing to a high-performance 45nm electronic router, Cygnus consumes 96% less power. Moreover, the passive routing feature of Cygnus guarantees that, while using dimension order routing algorithm, the maximum power consumption to route a packet through a network is a small constant number, regardless of the network size. For example, the maximum power consumption is 4.80fJ/bit under current technologies. We simulated and analyzed an 8 times 8 2D mesh NoC built from Cygnus and showed the end-to-end delay and network throughput under different offered loads and packet sizes.
Pool fires in a simulated aircraft cabin interior with ventilation (1987)

Results of experiments conducted at the JPL to evaluate aircraft postcrash fire hazards are presented. The experiments were carried out in a one-third scale simulated aircraft cabin geometry to study pool fire and ventilation flow interactions. It is shown that wind-induced ventilation may significantly affect fire plume orientation, smoke transport, and heat fluxes and thus will affect subsequent fire spread and the immediate survivability of the passengers.
Some properties of the general n-trailer (2001)

If some of the trailers of the so-called n-trailer system are connected via a kingpin hitch, the kinematic model of the system is more complicated that in the standard case. However, something can still be said about the structural properties of the system, like controllability. The more complicated equations can be interpreted in terms of virtual steering wheels placed on the off-axle joints with steering angle which is a non-linear feedback from the original configuration state. Quite remarkably, the extra singularities of the system have an explanation in terms of these virtual steering wheels. This is also sufficient to assert that the general n-trailer problem can be embedded into the corresponding multisteering n-trailer system. The multi-chained form available for this last system can be recovered also for the general n-trailer if we replace the extra steering inputs with the aforementioned feedback loops.
Effects of Ultrasonic Exposure Parameters on Myocardial Lesions Induced by High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (2006)

High-intensity focused ultrasound creates well-demarcated lesions in ex vivo cardiac muscle without damaging intervening or distal tissue. These initial studies suggest that HIFU offers an effective, noninvasive method for ablating myocardial tissues to treat several important cardiac diseases.
Two-phase flow pump and separator system : experimental and numericalstudy (2009)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
A Possible Approach for Implementing Self-Awareness in JASON. (2013)

Abstract. In Philosophy, the term awareness is often associated to theories of consciousness and self-referential behavior. In computer science, the awareness is a topic of increasing relevance in both Software Engineering and Artificial Intelligence, being closely related to autonomy and proactiveness. We can distinguish two orders of awareness: the first order is the awareness of the environment also known as context-awareness; conversely, self-awareness is a higher order awareness (knowledge about one’s own mental states). Nowadays, many agent oriented languages offer native instruments to implement context-awareness. However, self-awareness is not adequately supported and it requires further considerations. This paper focuses on implementation techniques, based on JASON, for creating software agents able to dynamically reason about their knowledge of the environment, as well as on their missions, capabilities and current execution state.
Integrating Tradeoff Analysis and Plan-Based Evaluation of Designs for Microwave Modules (1996)

Previously, we have described two systems, EDAPS and EXTRA, which support design and process planning for the manufacture of microwave modules, complex devices with both electrical and mechanical attributes. EDAPS integrates electrical design, mechanical design, and process planning for both mechanical and electrical domains. EXTRA accesses various component and process databases to help the user define design and process options. It then supports the user in choosing among these options with an optimization bases tradeoff analysis module.<P>In this paper, we describe our current work towards the integration and enhancement of the capabilities of EDAPS and EXTRA. We integrate EXTRA's functionality with the initial design step of EDAPS. in the resultant system, the user, supported by an enhanced tradeoff analysis capability, can select and describe a promising preliminary design and process plan based on the analysis of a variety of alternatives from both an electrical and mechanical perspective. This preliminary design is then subjected top further analysis and refinement using existing EDAPS capabilities. In addition to the integration of these two systems, specific new functions have been developed, including tradeoff analysis over a much broader set of criteria, and the ability of the tradeoff module to query the process planner to determine costs of individual options.
Database and narratological representation of Australian Aboriginal knowledge as information visualisation using a game engine (2006)

Current database technologies do not support contextualised representations of multi-dimensional narratives. This paper outlines a new approach to this problem using a multi-dimensional database served in a 3D game environment. Preliminary results indicate it is a particularly efficient method for the types of contextualised narratives used by Australian Aboriginal peoples to tell their stories about their traditional landscapes and knowledge practices. We discuss the development of a tool that complements rather than supplants direct experience of these traditional knowledge practices.
Experimental comparison of two quantum computing architectures (2017)

ibm.com/ibm-q) with limited connectivity, and the other is a fully connected trapped-ion system. Even though the two systems have different native quantum interactions, both can be programed in a way that is blind to the underlying hardware, thus allowing a comparison of identical quantum algorithms between different physical systems. We show that quantum algorithms and circuits that use more connectivity clearly benefit from a better-connected system of qubits. Although the quantum systems here are not yet large enough to eclipse classical computers, this experiment exposes critical factors of scaling quantum computers, such as qubit connectivity and gate expressivity. In addition, the results suggest that codesigning particular quantum applications with the hardware itself will be paramount in successfully using quantum computers in the future.
A simulation study of high-speed silicon heteroemitter bipolar transistors (1989)

Using a two-dimensional numerical simulator, the upper limit of Si homotransistor cutoff frequency is estimated within the assumed conditions of punchthrough voltage. The potential speed advantages of silicon heteroemitter bipolar transistors (Si HBTs) (such as low emitter storage time, low emitter-base junction capacity, and possibility for large base width reduction) are shown by comparing Si HBTs with a Si homotransistor. It is confirmed that the cutoff frequency is enhanced from 48 to 127 GHz by the Si HBT structure. The optimum values of heteromaterial properties for high-speed HBT operation including energy gap, band discontinuity, and heterointerface recombination are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Anisotropy of mechanical properties and hardening mechanism in ZrO 2 –Y 2 O 3 solid solution crystals (2017)

The anisotropy of the mechanical properties of crystalline ZrO2 – 2.8 mol.% Y2O3 solid solutions has been studied. The crystals have been grown by skull melting technique. The microhardness and fracture toughness for different crystallographic planes have been tested by indentation with different indenter diagonal orientations. We show that the microhardness of the material depends on the crystallographic orientation but slightly whereas the fracture toughness varies for different planes. The maximum fracture toughness has been observed in the specimen cut out from the crystal laterally to the <100> orientation. We have studied the microhardness anisotropy for different indenter diagonal orientations. The maximum fracture toughness has been obtained for the {100} plane and the <100> indenter diagonal orientation. The phase composition inside and outside the indents on the {100}, {110} and {111} surfaces for 20, 3 and 1 N loads has been studied using local Raman spectroscopy. The degree of the tetragonal-monoclinic transition has been assessed for different crystallographic planes and different indenter diagonal orientations. We show that the tetragonal-monoclinic transition is anisotropic, this affecting the transformation hardening mechanism. The maximum amount of the monoclinic phase has been detected in the vicinity of the indent in the {100} plane for the <100> indenter diagonal orientation. The highest fraction toughness has also been observed in {100} plane for the <100> indenter diagonal orientation. Probably, this indenter diagonal orientation provides for the maximum stress orientation along the coherent conjugation planes between the tetragonal and the monoclinic phases during the tetragonal-monoclinic transition, i.e. (100)t || (100)m and [001]t || [010]m.
Circumventing Cancer Drug Resistance in the Era of Personalized Medicine (2012)

Increased knowledge of drug resistance mechanisms will aid in the development of effective therapies for patients with cancer. We provide a summary of current knowledge on drug resistance mechanisms and experimental strategies to identify and study additional drug resistance pathways.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Hydrostannations Catalyzed by Molybdenum Isonitrile Complexes. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Lower bound limit analysis using finite elements and linear programming (1988)

Abstract This paper describes a technique for computing lower bound limit loads in soil mechanics under conditions of plane strain. In order to invoke the lower bound theorem of classical plasticity theory, a perfectly plastic soil model is assumed, which may be either purely cohesive or cohesive‐frictional, together with an associated flow rule. Using a suitable linear approximation of the yield surface, the procedure computes a statically admissible stress field via finite elements and linear programming. The stress field is modelled using linear 3‐noded traingles and statically admissible stress discontinuities may occur at the edges of each triangle. Imposition of the stress‐boundary, equilibrium and yield conditions leads to an expression for the collapse load which is maximized subject to a set of linear constraints on the nodal stresses. Since all of the requirements for a statically admissible solution are satisfied exactly (except for small round‐off errors in the optimization computations), the solution obtained is a strict lower bound on the true collapse load and is therefore ‘safe’. A major drawback of the technique, as first described by Lysmer, 1 is the large amount of computer time required to solve the linear programming problem. This paper shows that this limitation may be avoided by using an active set algorithm, rather than the traditional simplex or revised simplex strategies, to solve the resulting optimization problem. This is due to the nature of the constraint matrix, which is always very sparse and typically has many more rows that columns. It also proved that the procedure can, without modification, be used to derive strict lower bounds for a purely cohesive soil which has increasing strength with depth. This important class of problem is difficult to tackle using conventional methods. A number of examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the procedure.
Learning translation models from the Web (2003)

Query translation is-the key problem in cross-language information retrieval. It can be made by exploiting a large set of parallel texts. We describe a mining system that automatically discovers parallel Web pages on the Web. This system exploits the existing search engines, and the common characteristics in the organization of Web pages. Several large text corpora have been constructed using this system. Our experiments show that query translation using the obtained corpora can be as good as those by high-quality machine translation systems. This study shows the feasibility of building automatically a query translation system for all the active languages on the Web.
Mechanistic Insight into the Nitric Oxide Dioxygenation Reaction of Nonheme Iron(III)–Superoxo and Manganese(IV)–Peroxo Complexes (2016)

Abstract Reactions of nonheme Fe III –superoxo and Mn IV –peroxo complexes bearing a common tetraamido macrocyclic ligand (TAML), namely [(TAML)Fe III (O 2 )] 2− and [(TAML)Mn IV (O 2 )] 2− , with nitric oxide (NO) afford the Fe III –NO 3 complex [(TAML)Fe III (NO 3 )] 2− and the Mn V –oxo complex [(TAML)Mn V (O)] − plus NO 2 − , respectively. Mechanistic studies, including density functional theory (DFT) calculations, reveal that M III –peroxynitrite (M=Fe and Mn) species, generated in the reactions of [(TAML)Fe III (O 2 )] 2− and [(TAML)Mn IV (O 2 )] 2− with NO, are converted into M IV (O) and . NO 2 species through O−O bond homolysis of the peroxynitrite ligand. Then, a rebound of Fe IV (O) with . NO 2 affords [(TAML)Fe III (NO 3 )] 2− , whereas electron transfer from Mn IV (O) to . NO 2 yields [(TAML)Mn V (O)] − plus NO 2 − .
NDM-5 and OXA-181 Beta-Lactamases, a Significant Threat Continues To Spread in the Americas (2020)

ABSTRACT Among Gram-negative bacteria, carbapenem-resistant infections pose a serious and life-threatening challenge. Here, the CRACKLE network reports a sentinel detection and characterization of a carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae ST147 isolate harboring bla NDM-5 and bla OXA-181 from a young man who underwent abdominal surgery in India. bla NDM-5 was located on an IncFII plasmid of ≈90 kb, whereas bla OXA-181 was chromosomally encoded. Resistome and genome analysis demonstrated multiple copies of the transposable element IS 26 and a “hot-spot region” in the IncFII plasmid.
Adaptive control of prosthetic limbs using neural networks (1990)

It was suggested by E.A. Wan et al. (1990) that artificial neural networks be used to convert muscle control signals from the nerves of the human (or animal) arm into control signals for a prosthetic mechanical hand that has been attached in place of the original hand. The network would learn to translate the (wet) neural signal issued by the brain into electrical signals that would control the mechanical hand. A simplified architecture, the adaptive inverse prosthetic architecture, is presented for accomplishing the same purpose, along with an architecture for an artificial neural network that would learn to convert sensory input from the prosthetic hand into the appropriate sensory neural enervations in the nerves of the arm. The advantage of this approach is that the patient is an integral part of the training process, thereby reducing the need for specialized external computing and measurement equipment during training. This allows the patient to adapt the system at any time, providing a degree of adaptation that is satisfactory to the patient, compensating for nonidealities and changes in the hand, and allowing the patient to learn skills unanticipated by the hand's designers
Increased incidence of malignant melanoma and other rare cutaneous cancers in the setting of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (2015)

Patients with CLL/SLL or NHL have a higher risk for the subsequent development of rare skin cancers. Given the more aggressive nature of these malignancies in this setting, regular monitoring for the development and prompt treatment of cutaneous malignancy is prudent in patients with NHL and particularly in patients with CLL. Regular use of sun protection may decrease the morbidity associated with skin cancer in this immunosuppressed population.
Novel Photoaligned Twisted Nematic Liquid Crystal Cell (2005)

A novel photoaligned twisted nematic liquid crystal display (TN-LCD) cell is fabricated by one-step illumination with oblique nonpolarized UV light of an empty cell with azo-dye layers coated on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates. If the incident angle is sufficiently large (&gt;75°), the p-polarization of the light is more pronounced for the bottom azo-dye layer in comparison with that for the upper one. Thus, the photo-alignment of the azo-dye layer on the bottom substrate is perpendicular to that of the upper one, and LC directors on the top and bottom substrates also become perpendicular. The method provides a new simple way of manufacturing photoaligned TN-LCDs.