gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vertically Aligned Nematic Liquid Crystal Display Using Dual-Interference Exposure Method (2004)

A vertically aligned nematic liquid crystal display using a dual-interference exposure method was investigated. As a result of using the dual-interference exposure method, micron-sized periodical dots were formed. In order to improve the alignment condition of nematic liquid crystals, overcoating with an SiO2 layer was carried out. Additional alignment treatment was not necessary for obtaining a stable vertical alignment. Clear transmittance versus voltage characteristics without hysteresis were obtained, where the contrast ratio was 311:1. Transmittance rise and fall times were 8.9 and 2.7 ms, respectively. From the video images obtained, it was observed that this pattern formation stabilized the transient switching state.
Endobronchial foreign body recognition (2014)

This previously healthy 10-month-old infant presented with coughing and wheezing. The frontal chest radiograph demonstrated subtle hyperlucency of the right lung compared to the left side (Fig. 14.1a).
Synthesis and biological properties of pyrrole-imidazole polyamide conjugates (2007)

We have developed a series of conjugates between pyrrole (Py)-imidazole (Im) polyamides and 1-(chloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-1,2-dihydro-3H benz[e]indole (seco-CBI) with an indole linker. High resolution polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that these conjugates alkylated DNA at predetermined sequences. Then, we demonstrated that conjugates 1 and 2 have DNA alkylation activities at double stranded human telomere sequence and potent cytotoxicities in cancer cell lines. In addition, we showed that conjugate 3 alkylates DNA with ten-base-pair recognition sequence in the presence of partner polyamide 4, which suggested alkylation through 3-4 heterodimer formation.
Chemimechanical pulp (CMP) from mixtures of aspen and larch: the effects of cooking conditions, mixture composition, and the method of mixing. (1990)

On a fait varier largement les conditions de cuisson au sulfite pour la production de pâtes de bonne qualite a tres haut rendement a partir de melanges de tremble et de meleze a croissance rapide.Le pH de la liqueur fraiche, le pourcentage de tremble et la methode de melange des deux especes de copeaux influent sur l'energie de raffinage de la pâte.
Efficient Universally Composable Password-Based Key Exchange (2008)

In this article, we propose an improvement on the universally composable password-based key exchange protocol. We replace one-time signature with message authentication codes which reduce the bandwidth consumption. For typical security parameters our improvement saves as much as 12 Kbytes of bandwidth in a protocol execution. Our protocol can be efficiently instantiated using either the DDH or the N-residuosity Assumption. A complete security proof of the proposed protocol is given in the universally composable framework under common reference string model.
Transforming Suzuki–Miyaura Cross-Couplings of MIDA Boronates into a Green Technology: No Organic Solvents (2013)

New technology has been developed that enables Suzuki-Miyaura couplings involving widely utilized MIDA boronates to be run in water as the only medium, mainly at room temperature. The protocol is such that no organic solvent is involved at any stage; from the reaction through to product isolation. Hence, using the E factor scale as a measure of greenness, the values for these cross-couplings approach zero.
Brownian Diffusion Close to a Polymer Brush (2007)

In an effort to control particle diffusion near surfaces, we have studied the dynamics of colloidal hard spheres and soft compliant star copolymers on surfaces coated with polymer brushes using evanescent wave dynamic light scattering. The same experiments provide information on the brush structure and confined particle motion. The penetration into dense polydisperse brushes is size- and solvent-dependent.
Human Eosinophils and Human High Affinity IgE Receptor Transgenic Mouse Eosinophils Express Low Levels of High Affinity IgE Receptor, but Release IL-10 upon Receptor Activation (2001)

FcepsilonRI expressed by human eosinophils is involved in IgE-mediated cytotoxicity reactions toward the parasite Schistosoma mansoni in vitro. However, because receptor expression is low on these cells, its functional role is still controversial. In this study, we have measured surface and intracellular expression of FcepsilonRI by blood eosinophils from hypereosinophilic patients and normal donors. The number of unoccupied receptors corresponded to approximately 4,500 Ab binding sites per cell, whereas 50,000 Ab binding sites per cell were detected intracellularly. Eosinophils from patients displayed significantly more unoccupied receptors than cells from normal donors. This number correlated to both serum IgE concentrations and to membrane-bound IgE. The lack of FcepsilonRI expression by mouse eosinophils has hampered further studies. To overcome this fact and experimentally confirm our findings on human eosinophils, we engineered IL-5 x hFcepsilonRIalpha double-transgenic mice, whose bone marrow, blood, spleen, and peritoneal eosinophils expressed FcepsilonRI levels similar to levels of human eosinophils, after 4 days culture with IgE in the presence of IL-5. Both human and mouse eosinophils were able to secrete IL-10 upon FcepsilonRI engagement. Thus, comparative analysis of cells from patients and from a relevant animal model allowed us to clearly demonstrate that FcepsilonRI-mediated eosinophil activation leads to IL-10 secretion. Through FcepsilonRI expression, these cells are able to contribute to both the regulation of the immune response and to its effector mechanisms.
Ab initiocalculation of the electronic structure and spectroscopic properties of spinelγ−Sn3N4 (2006)

The electronic structure and physical properties of $\ensuremath{\gamma}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{Sn}}_{3}{\mathrm{N}}_{4}$ in the spinel structure are investigated by first-principles calculations. The calculated band structure, electronic bonding, and optical properties are compared with two well-studied spinel nitrides $\ensuremath{\gamma}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{Si}}_{3}{\mathrm{N}}_{4}$ and $\ensuremath{\gamma}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{Ge}}_{3}{\mathrm{N}}_{4}$. $\ensuremath{\gamma}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{Sn}}_{3}{\mathrm{N}}_{4}$ is a semiconductor with a direct band gap of 1.40 eV and an attractive small electron effective mass of 0.17. Its optical properties are different from that of $\ensuremath{\gamma}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{Si}}_{3}{\mathrm{N}}_{4}$ and $\ensuremath{\gamma}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{Ge}}_{3}{\mathrm{N}}_{4}$ because of the difference in the conduction band minimum. The Sn $K$, Sn ${L}_{3}$, Sn ${M}_{5}$, and N $K$ edges of the x-ray-absorption near-edge structure spectra in $\ensuremath{\gamma}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{Sn}}_{3}{\mathrm{N}}_{4}$ are calculated using a supercell approach and are found to be rich in structures. These spectra are discussed in the context of the electronic structure of the unoccupied conduction band in the presence of the electron core-hole interaction. These calculated spectra can be used for the characterization of this novel compound.
A Review of: “Welding Metallurgy and Weldability of Stainless Steel” (2006)

My, what an exciting metallurgy book! This is truly a book that is difficult to put down; this reviewer almost read it cover to cover one morning. The authors have performed an excellent piece of w...
20614 Study on power generation method using structure vibration : Power generation characteristics of laminated Piezoelectric elements (2013)

Electrical power generation devices using laminated piezoelectric (PZT) elements have been developed to convert structural vibration energy into electrical energy with high efficiency in this study. This paper presents an experimental study on the power generation characteristics of laminated PZT elements under sinusoidal vibration loads. In the experiments, vibration generation tests using 4 types of laminated PZT elements (1, 3, 5 and 7 layers) are performed to examine the effects of the magnitude and frequency of the vibration loads, number of layers and load resistance on the voltage and the electric power generated by the laminated PZT elements. From the experiments, it is confirmed that the power generation efficiencies of the laminated PZT elements are improved significantly as compared with that of the single layer PZT element and the power generation characteristics saturate to constant states as the number of layers, frequencies and load resistances increase.
High Strength, Long Length Optical Fibers Increased Durability of Optical Fiber through the Use of Compressive Cladding. (1980)

Abstract : The durability of optical fiber waveguides has been improved by employing a surface compressive cladding technique. The durable fibers having a very thin surface compressive layer of either pure silica or Ti-doped silica were fabricated based on the developed computer models of the three-layer and the four-layer structure fibers. Surface compressive stresses greater than 100 kpsi (0.69 GPa) were deduced from the static fatigue and bend test results of the fibers having higher thermal expansion coefficients in inner layers with a thin Ti-doped silica surface layer. (Author)
Ein neuer Weg zur Berechnung der thermodynamischen Funktionen binärer Flüssigkeitssysteme von Nichtelektrolyten aus den Potentialparametern der reinen Substanzen (1971)

Abstract Die Weiterentwicklung einer von K. Schäfer entwickelten Theorie des festen Zustands, die vom reinen Kristall ausgeht und mit Erfolg auf den Ionenkristall [1] und den metallischen Zustand angewendet wurde, führte zu einer Theorie für Mischkristalle und feste Lösungen. In der folgenden Arbeit wird dieser Weg weiterverfolgt. Die modifizierte Theorie wird auf binäre Flüssigkeitssysteme übertragen und zuerst am System Stickstoff‐Kohlenmonoxid bei der Schmelztemperatur des Stickstoffs getestet. Außerdem werden die freien Exzeßenthalpien der flüssigen Mischungen Neopentan‐Tetramethylsilan und Neopentan‐Neopentylbromid berechnet und mit den früher von uns aus den Gesamtdampfdrucken ermittelten Werten [2, 3] verglichen.
Gaussian free field light cones and SLE$_\kappa(\rho)$ (2019)

Let $h$ be an instance of the GFF. Fix $\kappa\in (0,4)$ and $\chi = 2/\sqrt{\kappa} - \sqrt{\kappa}/2$. Recall that an {\em imaginary geometry ray} is a flow line of $e^{i(h/\chi +\theta)}$ that looks locally like $\SLE_\kappa$. The {\em light cone} with parameter $\theta \in [0, \pi]$ is the set of points reachable from the origin by a sequence of rays with angles in $[-\theta/2, \theta/2]$. It is known that when $\theta=0$, the light cone looks like $\SLE_\kappa$, and when $\theta = \pi$ it looks like the range of an $\SLE_{16/\kappa}$ {\em counterflow line}. We find that when $\theta \in (0, \pi)$ the light cones are either fractal carpets with a dense set of holes or space-filling regions with no holes. We show that every non-space-filling light cone agrees in law with the range of an $\SLE_\kappa(\rho)$ process with $\rho \in ( (-2-\kappa/2) \vee (\kappa/2-4),-2)$. Conversely, the range of any such $\SLE_\kappa(\rho)$ process agrees in law with a non-space-filling light cone. As a consequence of our analysis, we obtain the first proof that these $\SLE_\kappa(\rho)$ processes are a.s.\ continuous curves and show that they can be constructed as natural path-valued functions of the GFF.
Hypergraph Partitioning for Parallel Sparse Matrix-Matrix Multiplication. (2019)

Abstract not provided.
Investigating Information Dynamics in Living Systems through the Structure and Function of Enzymes (2016)

Enzymes are proteins that accelerate intracellular chemical reactions often by factors of 105-1012s-1. We propose the structure and function of enzymes represent the thermodynamic expression of heritable information encoded in DNA with post-translational modifications that reflect intra- and extra-cellular environmental inputs. The 3 dimensional shape of the protein, determined by the genetically-specified amino acid sequence and post translational modifications, permits geometric interactions with substrate molecules traditionally described by the key-lock best fit model. Here we apply Kullback-Leibler (K-L) divergence as metric of this geometric "fit" and the information content of the interactions. When the K-L 'distance' between interspersed substrate pn and enzyme rn positions is minimized, the information state, reaction probability, and reaction rate are maximized. The latter obeys the Arrhenius equation, which we show can be derived from the geometrical principle of minimum K-L distance. The derivation is first limited to optimum substrate positions for fixed sets of enzyme positions. However, maximally improving the key/lock fit, called 'induced fit,' requires both sets of positions to be varied optimally. We demonstrate this permits and is maximally efficient if the key and lock particles pn, rn are quantum entangled because the level of entanglement obeys the same minimized value of the Kullback-Leibler distance that occurs when all pn ≈ rn. This implies interchanges pn ⇄ brn randomly taking place during a reaction successively improves key/lock fits, reducing the activation energy Ea and increasing the reaction rate k. Our results demonstrate the summation of heritable and environmental information that determines the enzyme spatial configuration, by decreasing the K-L divergence, is converted to thermodynamic work by reducing Ea and increasing k of intracellular reactions. Macroscopically, enzyme information increases the order in living systems, similar to the Maxwell demon gedanken, by selectively accelerating specific reaction thus generating both spatial and temporal concentration gradients.
Alpha2-Agonisten in Anästhesie und Intensivmedizin (1993)

The neurotransmitters adrenaline and noradrenaline are non-selective adrenergic agonists which interact with both subtypes of alpha- and beta-receptors. Clonidine, an alpha 2-adrenergic drug with a selectivity ratio of 200/1 for alpha 2/alpha 1 has been used in clinical practice for more than 20 years. Although alpha 2-agonists have vasoconstrictor properties, sympatholytic effects on the central nervous system predominate. As a result, the sympathetic outflow from the medullary pressor centres is decreased mediating the hypotensive effects of the alpha 2-agonists. These compounds also exhibit sedative, anxiolytic, analgesic, and haemodynamic stabilising properties. The identification of alpha 2-adrenoceptors has yielded information on their biochemical properties, signal transduction, modulation of the sympathetic nervous system and neurotransmission. The classification of alpha 2-receptors based on anatomical locations and identified as presynaptic alpha 2-receptors and postsynaptic alpha 1-receptors proved to be untenable after postsynaptic and extrasynaptic alpha 2-receptor locations had been identified. At least 3 isoreceptors which are heterologously distributed in the brain have been identified. Guanine nucleotide proteins (G proteins) couple the receptor to an effector mechanism (i.e. intracellular messenger cascade, ion channel). More selective for the alpha 2-adrenoceptor than clonidine is dexmedetomidine (1600/1 of alpha 2/alpha 1), a very potent agonist at the alpha 2-adrenoceptor. Imidazole derivatives (like clonidine and dexmedetomidine) also bind to other nonadrenergic receptors ("imidazoline receptors") which may produce some effects (i.e. vagotonia) previously ascribed to alpha 2-adrenoceptors. alpha 2-receptors exist in brain tissue and several peripheral organs and tissues including the liver, eye, kidney, pancreas and platelets. Anaesthetic interest has focussed on reductions in anaesthetic requirements since experimental and clinical studies have shown that alpha 2-agonists expert powerful analgesic and anaesthetic effects. The hypnotic response is probably mediated by activation of alpha 2-adrenoceptors in the locus coeruleus. Analgesia is induced by modulation of the nociceptive pathway at the level of the dorsal root neuron and other sites not yet unambiguously characterised. Dexmedetomidine reduces the anaesthetic requirements for halothane by more than 90%. Cerebral blood flow and intraocular pressure are reduced by alpha 2-agonists. Epidural, intrathecal, intravenous and transdermal application of clonidine resulted in pain reduction, during and following surgery and in patients with neurogenic or otherwise intractable cancer pain. Administration of alpha 2-agonists induces only minor respiratory effects. Salivary flow is reduced by alpha 2-agonists and gastric and small-bowel motility is decreased.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Generation of light in the near infrared using solutions of asymmetric polymethine dyes (1984)

It is shown that efficient lasing is possible in the near infrared if the active medium is a liquid solution of a polymethine dye with a strong intramolecular electronic asymmetry. In contrast to symmetric polymethine dyes, lasing is characterized by a large red shift so that it is possible to use visible radiation (second harmonic of a YAG:Nd3+ laser or argon and copper laser radiations) for the purpose of pumping. These dyes interact with a polar solvent forming in the ground state two groups of centers of specific and nonspecific solvation. A short-wavelength center of specific solvation transforms, in an excited state, to a nonspecific solvation center retaining the electronic excitation and it can therefore emit fluorescence or amplify radiation. The efficiency of this process is high so that the lasing efficiency in the range 750–850 nm (when pumping is provided at 532 nm) reaches 10–15%.
Dynamical Regimes and Motion Intermittence Induced by a Laser Beam in a Nematic Liquid Crystal Film (1999)

Abstract When an s-polarised laser beam shines on a homeotropically aligned film of nematic liquid crystal at small incidence angle, undamped oscillations of the molecular director may be produced. At high beam intensities, the oscillations break up into deterministic chaos. Although this effect has been known for a long time and the route to chaos has been qualitatively analysed, no detailed study of the director motion has been carried out. We designed an experimental apparatus to monitor the dynamics of the director, as described by its two polar angles. We observed different dynamical regimes, depending on laser intensity: steady states, oscillations, rotations, and, at the highest laser intensities, deterministic chaos. Moreover, the transitions between the oscillation and rotation regimes are characterized by intermittency.
Microwave interferometer for shock wave, detonation, and material motion measurements (1985)

A microwave interferometer system which provides a continuous measurement of the position of interfaces, such as shock fronts, detonation fronts, or material surfaces, has been developed. The use of low-mass microcoaxial cable, some of which is commercially available, and stripline for conducting the microwave signal into the interior of an experiment makes the perturbation of the measuring system on the experiment small. Other microwave systems have measured the time of peak amplitude of a reflected signal, but the present system with proper matching produces a continuous record of position as a function of time. It is believed that this technique can be used to replace most uses of electrical contact or fiber-optic pins in high-explosive experiments. The amount of data far exceeds that which it is possible to obtain from pins or optical fibers. The matching of the microcoax to the microwave generator has an important effect on the accuracy of the technique. The effect of matching on accuracy will be described in detail, and matching methods will be discussed. A position accuracy of 0.2 mm has been attained. Several methods for extracting position information as a function of time are possible. These techniques are discussed, and their application to the analysis of an experiment is demonstrated. The data from the interferometer system is compared to a streak camera record in a phased, shock-breakout experiment. Agreement is quite good, and the superiority of this method over the pin method is demonstrated by comparing details of the streak and interferometer records.
Instructional Course Lectures, The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons - Diagnosis of Infection following Total Hip Arthroplasty*† (1997)

SPANGEHL, M. J. M.D., F.R.C.S.(C)‡; YOUNGER, A. S. E. M.B., M.SC., F.R.C.S.(C)‡; MASRI, B. A. M.D., F.R.C.S.(C)‡; DUNCAN, C. P. M.B., M.SC., F.R.C.S.(C)‡, VANCOUVER, BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA Author Information
A kinesin-3 recruitment complex facilitates axonal sorting of enveloped alpha herpesvirus capsids (2020)

Axonal sorting, the controlled passage of specific cargoes from the cell soma into the axon compartment, is critical for establishing and maintaining the polarity of mature neurons. To delineate axonal sorting events, we took advantage of two neuroinvasive alpha-herpesviruses. Human herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) and pseudorabies virus of swine (PRV; suid herpesvirus 1) have evolved as robust cargo of axonal sorting and transport mechanisms. For efficient axonal sorting and subsequent egress from axons and presynaptic termini, progeny capsids depend on three viral membrane proteins (Us7 (gI), Us8 (gE), and Us9), which engage axon-directed kinesin motors. We present evidence that Us7-9 of the veterinary pathogen pseudorabies virus (PRV) form a tripartite complex to recruit Kif1a, a kinesin-3 motor. Based on multi-channel super-resolution and live TIRF microscopy, complex formation and motor recruitment occurs at the trans-Golgi network. Subsequently, progeny virus particles enter axons as enveloped capsids in a transport vesicle. Artificial recruitment of Kif1a using a drug-inducible heterodimerization system was sufficient to rescue axonal sorting and anterograde spread of PRV mutants devoid of Us7-9. Importantly, biophysical evidence suggests that Us9 is able to increase the velocity of Kif1a, a previously undescribed phenomenon. In addition to elucidating mechanisms governing axonal sorting, our results provide further insight into the composition of neuronal transport systems used by alpha-herpesviruses, which will be critical for both inhibiting the spread of infection and the safety of herpesvirus-based oncolytic therapies.
TS1-9 from Dynamics of Sequence and Structural Cell-Free DNA Landscapes in Small-Cell Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Tables S1-S9&lt;/p&gt;
The role of pore evolution during supersolidus liquid phase sintering of prealloyed brass powder (2020)

The aim of this research is to study the pore structure as well as to assess the liquid phase sintering behaviour of Cu-28Zn powder specimens at different green density levels and temperatures. For this purpose, samples were compacted to obtain six different green densities and then sintered at 870°C, 890°C and in part at 930°C for 30 min. The results revealed that the spherical pores which are formed inside the grains can be swept by grain boundaries due to grain growth and join to primary pores so that secondary intragranular pores are eliminated and intergranular pores enlarged at higher temperatures. Also, the pores move upwards to the top of sample due to buoyancy forces. The role of pore structure in distortion is more tangible at higher temperatures (930°C) so that O-shape and X-shape distortions were observed at high and low green density samples, respectively.
Preoperative Low-Dose Aspirin Exposure and Outcomes After Emergency Neurosurgery for Traumatic Intracranial Hemorrhage in Elderly Patients (2017)

In patients age ≥65 years undergoing emergency neurosurgery for traumatic intracranial hemorrhage, preoperative low-dose aspirin treatment was not associated with increased perioperative bleeding, hospital lengths of stay, or in-hospital mortality.