gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Successful laboratory colonization of 3 Japanese species of Toxorhynchites mosquitoes (1985)

We have successfully established laboratory colonies of Toxorhynchites towadensis, Tx. undescribed sp. (Okinawa), and Tx. manicatus yaeyamae. The first 2 species, mated in a large cage (60×60×75cm) covered by a black polyvinyl sheet with a small window at the top. Females and males of these species often flew towards the light entering through the window, and this increased the chance of mating. With a slight modification of the methods used for anopheline mosquitoes, however, artificial mating was employed for Tx. m. yaeyamae, and also for Tx. sp. (Okinawa) when natural mating was insufficient. When the mating was successful, enough eggs were obtained to sustain the colony even in a smaller cage (20×30×20cm). The average duration from egg hatch to adult emergence was 19-20 days for these Toxorhynchites species.
A Cross-National Study of Differences in Length of Stay of Patients With Cardiac Diagnoses (1983)

To determine the reason for large regional differences in average hospital length of stay shown in federal discharge abstract data, the medical records of 482 cardiac patients from hospitals belonging to two metropolitan area PSROs of Baltimore, Maryland, and 438 cardiac patients from hospitals in the Metropolitan area PSRO from Portland, Oregon, were reviewed, stratified by diagnosis and complications, and compared for length of stay. Cardiac patients were hospitalized between 2.5 and 7 days longer in Baltimore than in Portland. Federal data on length of hospital stay were basically correct for the diagnostic categories studied. Length-of-stay differences could not be explained by patient differences and appeared to be due to differences in physician practice patterns.
Abstract 14588: Trends, Predictors and Outcomes of Coronary Artery Perforation During Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Insights From NCDR® Cath PCI Registry (2016)

Introduction: Coronary artery perforation (CAP) is a rare but dreaded complication of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Our aim was to study trends, predictors and outcomes of CAP in the co...
SiGe DRIFT BASE BIPOLAR TECHNOLOGY USING Si-GeH4 MBE FOR SUB-40 GHz fMAX OPERATION (1992)

A 60-nm SiGe hetero-base Si bipo- lar technology has been developed using Si-GeH4 MBE. Employing 0.2-pm EB lithography for the emitter window and selective W-CVD for the base electrode, an fmx of 37.1 GHz is achieved. peak concentration is 8 at.% on the collector side, and the concentration decreases to 0 at.% toward the emitter side. This Ge profile creates a drift field in the base due to band-gap grading, which reduces
Use of Polymers in Concrete (1979)

本総説は, セメントコンクリートへのポリマーの利用技術の研究, 開発の現状について総括する. この技術は, (1) 結合材の一部又は全部のポリマーによる代替, (2) 骨材の一部又は全部のポリマーによる代替, (3) ポリマー含浸, 及び (4) (1) から (3) までの組み合わせ, に分類できる. 現在, このような技術によって, ポリマーセメントコンクリート (モルタル), レジンコンクリート (モルタル), ポリマー含浸コンクリート (モルタル), ポリマー繊維補強コンクリート (モルタル) などが実用化されており, これらのコンクリートに用いる材料, 製造技術及び用途 (開発中のものを含めて) に関して述べる.
Hemoperfusion With a Polymyxin B Fiber Column Decreases Clotting Activity (2009)

We investigated whether hemoperfusion with a polymyxin B column (DHP-PMX) was able to improve coagulation abnormalities in patients with sepsis. Sixteen patients with sepsis were enrolled in the study. They all had signs of systemic inflammatory response syndrome due to infection and a mean arterial blood pressure > or =65mm Hg (irrespective of the use of catecholamines). A thermodilution catheter was inserted prior to DHP-PMX for intravenous infusion, and DHP-PMX was performed twice within 24 h for 3 h each time. Circulating levels of thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT), plasmin-alpha2 plasmin inhibitor complex (PIC), the TAT/PIC ratio, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) were measured six times. Before DHP-PMX, the TAT level was 24.5 +/- 8.3 ng/mL, the PIC level was 2.5 +/- 1.1 microg/mL, the TAT/PIC ratio was 13.9 +/- 3.5, and the PAI-1 level was 143.0 +/- 24.4 ng/L. The TAT level, TAT/PIC ratio, and PAI-1 were all significantly lower (P < 0.05) after 48 hr compared with before DHP-PMX, but no significant change of PIC was observed. In these patients with sepsis, fibrinolysis was inhibited by PAI-1, whereas clotting activity was significantly increased. This coagulation/fibrinolysis imbalance was improved by DHP-PMX. The present results suggest that indirect inhibition of clotting activity can be achieved in patients with sepsis through adsorption of lipopolysaccharide by DHP-PMX.
The second century of the antibody. Molecular perspectives in regulation, pathophysiology, and therapeutic applications. (1992)

The modern age of immunology began in 1890 with the discovery of antibodies as a major component of protective immunity. The 2nd century of the antibody begins with a focus on the molecular physiology and pathophysiology of immunoglobulin production. Numerous human variable-region antibody genes have been identified through advances in molecular cloning and anti-variable-region monoclonal antibodies. Some of these variable-region genes are now known to be involved in specific stages of B-lymphocyte differentiation and immune development. This connection has yielded new insights into the pathogenesis of immune dyscrasias and lymphoid neoplasia; common variable immunodeficiency and cryoglobulinemia are highlighted here. The molecular regulation of immunoglobulin expression suggests new targets for pathogenesis and clinical intervention. Finally, genetically engineered antibodies offer novel opportunities for diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
Rotavirus genotypes in Malaysia and Universal rotavirus vaccination (2012)

Group A rotavirus (RV-A) genotypes isolated in Malaysia was studied to estimate the effectiveness of a universal RV-A vaccination in Malaysia. A simple mathematical model was used, with input from a two-year, two-center, prospective study on hospitalization of RV-A gastroenteritis (RVGE) in young children, published data on RV-A hospitalizations and genotypes, mortality on childhood GE and published genotype-specific efficacy data on two RV-A vaccines. Assuming a 95% vaccine coverage, the overall projected effectiveness was 75.7 to 88.1% for Rotateq and 78.7 to 90.6% for Rotarix® against RVGE-related hospitalizations. The projected annual reduction in RVGE-related deaths was 27 to 32 deaths (from 34 deaths) for Rotateq and 28 to 32 deaths annually for Rotarix. A universal RV-A vaccine is efficacious in reducing RVGE-related hospitalizations and mortality in Malaysia.
Effect of Corn Flour Particle Size on Ethanol Yield and Soluble Solids in Thin Stillage in a Dry Grind rocess (2003)

The effect of corn flour particle size on ethanol yields and soluble solids in thin stillage in adry-grind process were studied. Predictably, in a conventional dry grind process, ethanol yieldsincreased approximately by 102% as particle size varied from 1.077 mm to 0.568 mm (meangeometric diameter). The highest ethanol production rates were achieved with a finer particle size(0.569 mm) passing through 2mm screen of the hammer mill. No specific trend was seen in theamount of dry solids in thin stillage. By optimizing flour particle size for maximum ethanol yield andminimum solids in thin stillage, the current study will help in reducing capital/operating costs in drygrindethanol plants.
Effect of Mode Coupling on Signal Processing Complexity in Mode-Division Multiplexing (2012)

Mode-division multiplexing systems employ multi-input multi-output (MIMO) equalization to compensate for chromatic dispersion (CD), modal dispersion (MD) and modal crosstalk. The computational complexity of MIMO equalization depends on the number of modes and on the group delay (GD) spread arising from CD and MD. Assuming the strong-coupling regime, in which the total system length far exceeds the correlation length of modal fields, we quantify the GD spread arising from MD, showing that it can be reduced significantly by mode coupling. We evaluate the computational complexity of various MIMO single-carrier equalizers, considering separate or combined equalization of CD and MD, in the time or frequency domain. We present numerical examples for the optimally designed graded-index depressed-cladding fibers supporting <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">D</i> =6, 12, 20 or 30 modes in two polarizations. Assuming a 2000-km system length, a 1-km correlation length, and a combined CD+MD frequency-domain equalizer, the complexity (in complex multiplications per two-dimensional symbol) is a factor 1.4, 1.7, 2.2, 2.8 times higher for <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">D</i> =6, 12, 20, 30 than for polarization-multiplexed systems in standard single-mode fiber ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">D</i> =2).
Power Control Of A Wind Generator Connected To The Grid In Front Of Strong Winds (2013)

International audience
A novel circular direction finding antenna array for unknown polarizations (2013)

In this paper a novel circular antenna array for direction finding in the VHF frequency range is introduced. This antenna array is capable of direction of arrival estimations, although the polarization of the incident wave is unknown, using a multi-polarization beamforming algorithm. The measured results of two different ruggedized prototypes, characterized on a free space antenna test site, correspond very well to the simulated results of 3-D models.
Diversity in the Age of Terror: How Racial and Ethnic Diversity in the U.S. Intelligence Community Enhances National Security (2010)

Racial and ethnic diversity in the intelligence community enhances U.S. national security. But a history of homogeneity in the intelligence community has undermined national security. The failure to maximize the benefits of a pluralistic population led to a dearth of diverse intelligence personnel that helped account for the failure to fully understand the al-Qaeda threat. The post-9/11 Intelligence Reform Act of 2004, which for the first time statutorily mandated efforts to diversify the intelligence community, was a significant step in remedying the lack of diversity in the intelligence community. Nevertheless, the intelligence committee needs to undertake further steps including continuing congressional oversight and race-related bona fide occupational qualifications to overcome a history of exclusion in the intelligence community. Despite incremental progress, the efforts to diversify the intelligence community must continue to attain both security and equality.
Arterial wall oxygen consumption rate varies spatially (1982)

The ratio of the O2 consumption rate (Q) to the O2 transmissibility (diffusivity-solubility product, Dk) was estimated by curve-fitting O2 tension profiles measured in vascular strips in vitro and in blood vessels in vivo. For rabbit aortic tissue in vitro, Q/Dk was 2.51 +/- 0.28 (SE) X 10(5) Torr/cm2 (n = 9). For various dog vessels in vivo, Q/Dk ranged from 0.15 to 47 X 10(5) Torr/cm2. In most cases, Q/Dk was higher near the endothelium than in the outer wall. This difference appears to be caused by a higher Q. Computer simulations using a two-layer O2 transport model with estimated Q/Dk indicate that the O2 supply from the vasa vasorum is essential to prevent medial wall hypoxia.
Novel in vitro booster vaccination to rapidly generate antigen-specific human monoclonal antibodies (2017)

Vaccines remain the most effective tool to prevent infectious diseases. Here, we introduce an in vitro booster vaccination approach that relies on antigen-dependent activation of human memory B cells in culture. This stimulation induces antigen-specific B cell proliferation, differentiation of B cells into plasma cells, and robust antibody secretion after a few days of culture. We validated this strategy using cells from healthy donors to retrieve human antibodies against tetanus toxoid and influenza hemagglutinin (HA) from H1N1 and newly emergent subtypes such as H5N1 and H7N9. Anti-HA antibodies were cross-reactive against multiple subtypes, and some showed neutralizing activity. Although these antibodies may have arisen as a result of previous influenza infection, we also obtained gp120-reactive antibodies from non-HIV-infected donors, indicating that we can generate antibodies without prior antigenic exposure. Overall, our novel approach can be used to rapidly produce therapeutic antibodies and has the potential to assess the immunogenicity of candidate antigens, which could be exploited in future vaccine development.
Influence of Inverter-Interfaced Renewable Energy Generators on Directional Relay and an Improved Scheme (2019)

Renewable energy sources are typically interfaced to the grid using power electronics, which can cause their fault current characteristics to display significant low-frequency harmonics and unbalanced sequence impedances. Such current characteristics can lead to the operation failure of fault-component-based directional relays. To demonstrate the influence of inverter-interfaced renewable energy generators (IIREGs) on directional relays in detail, analytical expressions for the IIREG equivalent positive- and negative-sequence superimposed impedances are derived in this paper. Considering various factors, the angular characteristics of the sequence superimposed impedances are investigated. Based on these attributes, it can be concluded that fault-component-based directional relays may be unable to operate in some circumstances. A novel high-frequency impedance-based protection scheme is proposed to manage the adaptability problem by determining the fault direction due to a stable impedance angle. The theoretical analysis and the proposed scheme are tested and verified through real time digital simulation and field testing data.
Treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa-infected orthopedic prostheses with ceftazidime-ciprofloxacin antibiotic combination (1995)

Indwelling device infections are associated with considerable morbidity and extremely high cost. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most frequent gram-negative etiologic agent associated with infections of indwelling catheters and foreign body implants. It is generally agreed that eradication of infection in the presence of a foreign body requires removal of the foreign body. Using a combination of ceftazidime and ciprofloxacin, we cured nine of nine patients with P. aeruginosa-infected osteosynthetic material and four of five patients with hip and knee prostheses without removing the foreign material. Follow-up was for a mean of 21 months (range, 6 to 60 months). Some patients experienced minor side effects (arthralgia in one patient and rash in another patient). We conclude that this combination is effective and safe and should be useful in the treatment of P. aeruginosa-infected orthopedic implants.
Thermal behaviour of polyethylene‐ block ‐poly(methyl methacrylate) block copolymer: effect of multiple heating and cooling rates versus mathematical artefact (2014)

The melting and crystallization behaviours of a polyethylene‐ block ‐poly(methyl methacrylate) ( PE ‐ b ‐ PMMA ) diblock copolymer and a PE homopolymer were investigated using multiple heating and cooling rate differential scanning calorimetry ( DSC ) experiments, and modelling of the crystallization kinetics and lamellar thickness distribution. This new model was first validated applying literature and experimental data. The model‐predicted morphology ( n = 3.2) closely matched the spherulitic morphology ( n = 3), which was determined using polarized optical microscopy. For each experimental cooling rate, the model predicted diblock copolymer crystallinity that well matched the entire DSC crystallinity curve, notably for an Avrami–Erofeev index of n = 2; and apparent crystallization activation energy that hardly varied with the cooling rates used, relative crystallinity ( α ), and crystallization temperature or time. This disfavours the concept of variable activation energy. The use of the right crystallization model and parameter estimation algorithm is important for addressing the mathematical artefact. Under non‐isothermal cooling, the PE ‐ b ‐ PMMA diblock copolymer, as per the model prediction, crystallized without confinement ( n ≠ 1), preserving the cylindrical structure. From the characteristic shapes of the crystallization function f ( α ( T )) versus 1/ T and crystallization rate versus α plots, the resulting T cmax and narrow α max range can guide the search for an appropriate crystallization model. The overall treatment illustrated in this study is not restricted to a PE homopolymer and a PE ‐ b ‐isotactic PMMA block copolymer. It can be generally applied to crystalline homopolymers and copolymers (alternating, random and block), as well as their blends. The block copolymers and blends can be crystalline–amorphous as well as crystalline–crystalline. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Resilient Communities: From Sustainable to Secure (2009)

A sustainable biosphere is an absolute necessity to support the world’s growing population, (now exceeding 6.2 billion persons), as civilization advances through the 21st century. Sustainability primarily refers to a bio‐physical environment that is not a risk, which can provide the necessary support system for both plant and human habitat involving the earth’s lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere. However, that alone will not provide the necessary protection, since our human habitat must also be safe and secure. A more operable term should be resilient, rather than sustainable, since a climate positive community, with an on‐site CO2 emission near zero, does not mean the population is protected from both natural and manmade disasters. Effective neoteric planning of our biosphere is necessary as it involves spatial, temporal, and sensory aspects of the community habitat. Two‐dimensional planning that addresses just the surface (e.g., land), fails to be comprehensive, since both aerial and subsurface features are omitted.Effective neoteric planning of our biosphere is necessary as it involves spatial, temporal, and sensory aspects of the community habitat. Two‐dimensional planning that addresses just the surface (e.g., land), is not comprehensive, since aerial and subsurface features are omitted. A three dimensional approach is needed, which involves the combination of the x, y and z axis, in order to be spatially accurate.Our personal transportation based mobility systems, along with its accompanying infrastructure, has resulted in a drive‐thru society that is becoming supersized. Urban obesity in terms of modes of transport and today’s living environment has resulted in McMansions and mega‐vehicles have created an energy demand that if unchecked could create a carhenge by the year 3000. Infrastructure gridlock besides global warming is costing the world’s economy, approximately 6% of the gross domestic product (GDP). Impaired global mobility which threatens our biosphere is costing approximately $2.5–$4.0 trillion dollars annually. There are solutions that can insure resilience only if society collectively addresses natural disasters, human disasters, and smart sustainable resilient infrastructure. A Global Center for Preparedness (GCP) can be a potential construct that can be collectively used to address the problem, providing necessary integrated solutions. Computer simulation can be a tool to envision the problem and the optional approaches. Both the Fusion Theater and the DREAMS Suite are facilitating technologies to assist in providing solutions. Where this is no vision the people perish, so a reliable integrated systems approach offers considerable promise. The ultimate goal is to preserve and enhance the physical, economic, and social integrity of the United States and the global community by air, land, sea, and space.
Tracking Conformational Dynamics of Polypeptides by Nonlinear Electronic Spectroscopy of Aromatic Residues: A First‐Principles Simulation Study (2014)

The ability of nonlinear electronic spectroscopy to track folding/unfolding processes of proteins in solution by monitoring aromatic interactions is investigated by first-principles simulations of two-dimensional (2D) electronic spectra of a model peptide. A dominant reaction pathway approach is employed to determine the unfolding pathway of a tetrapeptide, which connects the initial folded configuration with stacked aromatic side chains and the final unfolded state with distant noninteracting aromatic residues. The π-stacking and excitonic coupling effects are included through ab initio simulations based on multiconfigurational methods within a hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics scheme. It is shown that linear absorption spectroscopy in the ultraviolet (UV) region is unable to resolve the unstacking dynamics characterized by the three-step process: T-shaped→twisted offset stacking→unstacking. Conversely, pump-probe spectroscopy can be used to resolve aromatic interactions by probing in the visible region, the excited-state absorptions (ESAs) that involve charge-transfer states. 2D UV spectroscopy offers the highest sensitivity to the unfolding process, by providing the disentanglement of ESA signals belonging to different aromatic chromophores and high correlation between the conformational dynamics and the quartic splitting.
Computerunterstützte Auslegung eines Brennstoffzellen-Batterie-Hybridsystems für die Bordstromversorgung (2016)

This thesis is concerned with developing a methodology for the further development of a fuel cell system for mobile applications. This methodology was subsequently applied to an existing fuel cell system which is based on a high-temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cell (HT-PEFC) and fuel processing through diesel reforming. The methodology focused on three topics: starting up the system, hybridizing the system, and packaging the fuel processing system. A compact and flow-optimized system design is crucial for packaging. In the methodological approach, calculation methods with various levels of detail were combined with experimental studies. A model for the dynamic simulation of the fuel processing system was compiled to permit a coupled consideration of the issues of start-up and hybridization. In order to optimize the start-up process through spatially resolved fluid dynamic simulations, various models for porous bodies were examined and experimentally validated using transient simulations. The start-up process of the package was optimized by utilizing the validated model and an enhancement of the two-dimensional package model. For the threedimensional optimization of the packages, an optimized meshing methodology was developed to reduce the computation time of the simulations. The overarching objective of developing a holistic methodology for optimizing the system was accomplished in this thesis. The methodology was applied to the further development of a fuel cell system which uses diesel reforming. In addition to the development of the methodology, this approach resulted in further key insights. By pre-heating the reformer through steam and air, the two-dimensional simulations reduced the pre-heating time from 22 minutes to 9.5 minutes. By taking the pipework into consideration in package 6, however, the pre-heating time increased to 30 minutes in the three-dimensional simulation. This shows that the components must be optimized three-dimensionally. For the enhancement to a hybrid system, an active hybrid circuit was used to adapt the power output of the fuel cell and in order to react to varying power demand profiles. In cases where the fuel cell can be heated with waste heat from the application, the efficiency of the hybrid system for the power demand profile increases from 25.3 % to 28.1 %. Starting the reformer electrically by an integrated heating element was demonstrated successfully. The process of pre-heating and supplying steam with the integrated heating element alone was concluded within 30 minutes. This methodology is a starting point for future developments of compact and efficient systems.