gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diastereoselective Rhodium‐Catalyzed [(3+2+2)] Carbocyclization Reactions with Tethered Alkynylidenecyclopropanes: Synthesis of the Tremulane Sesquiterpene Natural Products (2020)

Abstract The development of a diastereoselective intramolecular rhodium‐catalyzed [(3+2+2)] carbocyclization reactions of allyl ester‐tethered alkynylidenecyclopropanes (ACPs) for the construction of the 5,7,5‐tricyclic scaffold of the tremulane sesquiterpene natural products is described. This work illustrates that the stereoelectronic nature of the phosphite ligand is critical for attaining high levels of stereocontrol, which is supported by density functional theory (DFT) studies that indicate the migratory insertion step favors the formation of the cis ‐diastereoisomer. Consequently, several strategies were devised to access the thermodynamically more stable trans ‐diastereoisomer for the synthesis of the tremulanes; however, the attempts to either switch the sense of stereocontrol in the carbocyclization reaction or epimerize the C7 stereocenter of the cycloadduct provided only modest improvements. Hence, we elected to highlight the synthetic utility of this strategy with the development of concise and highly efficient syntheses of (±)‐ epi ‐tremulenolide A, (±)‐ epi ‐tremulenediol A and (±)‐ epi ‐ceriponol D.
Atomistic Structure of Mineral Nano-aggregates from Simulated Compaction and Dewatering. (2019)

Abstract not provided.
Study on Construction Parameters of Cement Deep Mixing Piles (2012)

Construction quality is one of the main reasons which lead to the failure of cement deep mixing pile. In order to ensure the construction quality of cement deep mixing pile and control its construction process, the influence of four construction parameters such as slurry conveying capacity, drilling and hoisting speed, agitation shaft rotation speed and remixing times on pile quality are analyzed. At last key reasons to ensure the construction quality of cement deep mixing pile are pointed out. Pile quality and construction efficiency should be considered when construction parameters being optimized. The research results provide reference for construction of cement deep mixing piles in the future.
Solid superacids as coal liquefaction catalysts: Quarterly report, January--March 1989 (1989)

This research is aimed at exploring the possibility of mild coal liquefaction in the presence of solid superacids, especially oxides of iron, titanium, zirconium, and hafnium mixed with sulfate ions. Fe/sub 2/O/sub 3//SO/sub 4//sup 2/minus// has been shown to be an impressively active catalyst in coal conversion at 400/degree/C. Our objective is to find conditions under which Fe/sub 2/O/sub 3//SO/sub 4//sup 2/minus// and similar systems catalyze the conversion of coal at mild conditions of temperature and pressure. So far, Fe/sub 2/O/sub 3//SO/sub 4//sup 2/minus//, TiO/sub 2//SO/sub 4//sup 2/minus//, ZrO/sub 2//SO/sub 4//sup 2/minus//, and HfO/sub 2//SO/sub 4//sup 2/minus// catalysts have been synthesized and characterized by XRD, BET, IR, acidity measurement, and sulfur analysis. In addition, a comparison of the relative reactivity of these superacids for n-pentane conversion in both batch and fixed bed reactor systems has been carried out. Investigations of the hydrocracking of model compounds, including diphenyl ether and diphenylmethane, was initiated in this quarter. Improvements in methods of synthesis of these acids have been achieved and improved reaction systems and methods of reducing catalyst deactivation are under study. Samples of Fe/sub 2/O/sub 3//SO/sub 4/ have been sent for Moessbauer study; the other solid acids will be examined by EXAFS. 4 refs., 2 tabs.
BIFURCATIONS AND TRANSITION TO CHAOS THROUGH THREE-DIMENSIONAL TORI (1994)

The breakdown of three-dimensional tori T 3 and the transition to chaos are studied numerically in a periodically forced system of two coupled logistic maps. We have shown that for small perturbations the breakdown of T 3 possesses the same features as in the T 2 case described by the theorem of Afraimovich and Shil’nikov. Remarkably, some indications for a chaotic motion on T 3 are found.
Occurrence of ethanolamine‐ and choline‐containing plasmalogens in adipose tissue (1972)

Abstract Analysis of phospholipids in porcine, bovine and rat adipose tissue revealed a relatively high level of plasmalogens ( O ‐alk‐1‐enyl lipids). About 50% of the ethanolamine phospholipids in the pig and beef samples consisted of alk‐1‐enylacylglycerophosphorylethanolamine, and the corresponding value for the rat sample was near 35%. In the ethanolamine and choline phospholipid fractions, the O ‐alk‐1‐enyl moieties were almost exclusively 16∶0, 18∶0 and 18∶1, whereas the acyl moieties had chain lengths ranging from 16 to 22 carbon atoms with a high degree of unsaturation.
ChemInform Abstract: (R)‐2‐Phenylglycine as a Chiral Auxiliary in the Asymmetric Synthesis of 2‐Azetidinones. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The hnRNA-Binding Proteins hnRNP L and PTB Are Required for Efficient Translation of the Cat-1 Arginine/Lysine Transporter mRNA during Amino Acid Starvation (2009)

The response to amino acid starvation involves the global decrease of protein synthesis and an increase in the translation of some mRNAs that contain an internal ribosome entry site (IRES). It was previously shown that translation of the mRNA for the arginine/lysine amino acid transporter Cat-1 increases during amino acid starvation via a mechanism that utilizes an IRES in the 5' untranslated region of the Cat-1 mRNA. It is shown here that polypyrimidine tract binding protein (PTB) and an hnRNA binding protein, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L (hnRNP L), promote the efficient translation of Cat-1 mRNA during amino acid starvation. Association of both proteins with Cat-1 mRNA increased during starvation with kinetics that paralleled that of IRES activation, although the levels and subcellular distribution of the proteins were unchanged. The sequence CUUUCU within the Cat-1 IRES was important for PTB binding and for the induction of translation during amino acid starvation. Binding of hnRNP L to the IRES or the Cat-1 mRNA in vivo was independent of PTB binding but was not sufficient to increase IRES activity or Cat-1 mRNA translation during amino acid starvation. In contrast, binding of PTB to the Cat-1 mRNA in vivo required hnRNP L. A wider role of hnRNP L in mRNA translation was suggested by the decrease of global protein synthesis in cells with reduced hnRNP L levels. It is proposed that PTB and hnRNP L are positive regulators of Cat-1 mRNA translation via the IRES under stress conditions that cause a global decrease of protein synthesis.
Pentosan polysulfate promotes proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation of adult human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal precursor cells (2010)

This is the first study to demonstrate that PPS promotes MPC proliferation and chondrogenesis, offering new strategies for cartilage regeneration and repair in osteoarthritic joints.
Predictive modeling using segmentation (2001)

We discuss the use of segmentation as a predictive model for supporting targeting decisions in database marketing. We compare the performance of judgmentally based RFM and FRAC methods to automatic tree classifiers involving the well-known CHAID algorithm, a variation of the AID algorithm, and a newly developed method based on genetic algorithm (GA). We use the logistic regression model as a benchmark for the comparative analysis. The results indicate that automatic segmentation methods may very well substitute the judgmentally based segmentation methods for response analysis, and come only short of the logistic regression results. The implications of the results for decision making are also discussed.
How to assess chemically defined media and feeds from 9 suppliers on CHO cells producing mAb (2013)

Mammalian cell culture medium development has widely evolved in recent years. The use of hydrolysates as serum replacement has led to process variability due to lot-to-lot variations. The undefined composition of these media could also increase the process optimization timelines, sometimes with limited impact on process performances. With the reduction of process development activities for preclinical and Phase I studies, medium and feed platforms raised. The objective of the media was to ensure cell growth only in order to go as fast as possible to production bioreactors while the feeds were responsible for productivity and production length. Either companies spent several months if not years to develop their own generic medium and feed platforms or they used commercial ones, sometimes under licenses. The medium and feed platform assessment also started earlier in the product development process. Clone screening was performed more and more in fed-batch conditions rather than batch ones. Thus screening tools, scale-down models of bioreactors, with lower and lower working volumes were designed. Another cell culture process evolution was the development of new expression systems without any selection agents. In order to assess our screening scale-down model, between 20 to 35 chemically defined platforms from 9 suppliers were screened with 3 CHO host cell lines/expression systems.
Camera-based document image retrieval system using local features - comparing SRIF with LLAH, SIFT, SURF and ORB (2015)

In this paper, we present camera-based document retrieval systems using various local features as well as various indexing methods. We employ our recently developed features, named Scale and Rotation Invariant Features (SRIF), which are computed based on geometrical constraints between pairs of nearest points around a keypoint. We compare SRIF with state-of-the-art local features. The experimental results show that SRIF outperforms the state-of-the-art in terms of retrieval time with 90.8% retrieval accuracy.
Treatment outcome and clinical characteristics of HER2 mutated advanced non‐small cell lung cancer patients in China (2020)

Chemotherapy achieved better outcomes than afatinib for Chinese HER2 mutated advanced NSCLC patients, especially for the most common subtype, YVMA insertions.
Huitengxile wind power project in Inner Mongolia : environmental impact assessment, revised (2005)

This environmental assessment for the China Renewable Energy Scale-Up Program (CRESP), which expands the use of renewable energy resources, discusses likely negative environmental impacts and proposals to mitigate them. The issues include the following: Reduce water and land pollution caused by setting a sediment basin and oil trap for factory sewage, using septic tanks to control domestic sewage, treating domestic sewage, and isolating and fencing disposal sites, using temporary dump sites in the construction area, sending waste to a government-approved landfill weekly, and strictly executing a wastewater discharge standard, and recovering land after site removal and replanting. To control noise nuisance, select low-noise equipment, use shock absorbers and noise insulation, schedule reasonable operation times, ban night construction but if needed give local people advance notice, prohibit night driving, and warn local residents if blasting is needed. To control dust, use dustproof covers for machinery and cement areas, and spray area and access roads. To promote worker health and safety, set up medical facilities and encourage hygiene control, and train workers. To reduce soil erosion and surface water runoff, plan construction for the dry season, use designated sites for deposits, avoid disposal in water bodies, use silt traps, and restore farmland. Get official approval before proceeding with construction when finding cultural artifacts. Ban the purchase of any electrical or hydro mechanical equipment that contains polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).
Murine Model of Intracerebral Toxoplasmosis (1987)

We established a murine model of toxoplasmic encephalitis by using intracerebral inoculation with Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites. Normal mice survived, but immunosuppressed mice died from progressive disease. In normal mice, necrosis developed at the site of inoculation, surrounded by areas with intense mononuclear inflammation and cyst formation; tachyzoites were not detectable after two weeks. Immunosuppressed mice had even-larger areas of tissue destruction, and tachyzoites were always detectable. Brains from cortisone-treated mice had numerous tachyzoites, but scant inflammation. Brains from cyclophosphamide-treated mice revealed cysts and a variable degree of inflammation. Compared with brains from controls, brains from cyclosporine-treated mice revealed attenuated inflammation; however, there were fewer tachyzoites and less tissue destruction than in the brains from cortisone-treated mice. The spectrum of histological findings observed in the model is similar to that observed in brains from humans with toxoplasmic encephalitis.
Constraints on hand-foot coordination associated with phase dependent modulation of corticospinal excitability during motor imagery (2023)

Interlimb coordination involving cyclical movements of hand and foot in the sagittal plane is more difficult when the limbs move in opposite directions compared with the same direction (directional constraint). Here we first investigated whether the directional constraint on hand-foot coordination exists in motor imagery (imagined motion). Participants performed 10 cyclic coordinated movements of right wrist flexion-extension and right ankle dorsiflexion-plantarflexion as quickly and precisely as possible, in the following three conditions; (1) actual movements of the two limbs, (2) imaginary movements of the two limbs, and (3) actual movement of one limb combined with imaginary movement of the other limb. Each condition was performed under two directions; the same and the opposite direction. Task execution duration was measured as the time between the first and second press of a button by the participants. The opposite directional movement took a significantly longer time than did the same directional movement, irrespective of the condition type. This suggests that directional constraint of hand-foot coordination occurs even in motor imagery without actual motor commands or kinesthetic signals. We secondarily examined whether the corticospinal excitability of wrist muscles is modulated in synchronization with an imaginary foot movement to estimate the neural basis of directional constraint on imaginary hand-foot coordination. The corticospinal excitability of the forearm extensor in resting position increased during dorsiflexion and decreased during plantarflexion similarly in both actual and imaginary foot movements. This corticospinal modulation depending on imaginary movement phase likely produces the directional constraint on the imaginary hand-foot coordination.
Oxygen Evolution by Water Oxidation Mediated by Heterogeneous Manganese Complexes (1986)

The catalytic oxidative decomposition of water has been achieved with the help of the dinuclear manganese complexes 1 and 2 , which are models for compounds participating in photosynthesis. Whereas no reaction was observed in homogeneous solution, O 2 evolution took place almost immediately in the heterogeneous phase after addition of a Ce IV salt as oxidizing agent. This finding supports the assumption that a microheterogeneous environment and a large spatial proximity of the manganese centers are essential for the photosynthetic activity of manganese compunds (bpy2,2′‐bipyridyl; phen1,10‐phenanthroline). equation image
CLIC4 and Schnurri-2: A dynamic duo in TGFβ signaling with broader implications in cellular homeostasis and disease (2010)

CLIC4 is a highly conserved, multifunctional member of the chloride intracellular channel family of proteins. The protein is largely cytoplasmic but translocates to the nucleus upon a variety of stimuli including TGF-beta, TNF-alpha and etoposide. Nuclear resident CLIC4 causes growth arrest, terminal differentiation and apoptosis. Recently, it was discovered that TGF-beta causes CLIC4 to associate with Schnurri-2 and together they translocate to the nucleus and dissociate thereafter. The nuclear function of CLIC4 was further illuminated by the discovery that CLIC4 enhances TGF-beta signaling by associating with phospho-Smad2 and 3 and preventing their dephosphorylation. Enhanced TGF-beta dependent gene expression and growth inhibition are downstream consequences of this activity of CLIC4. In this article, we speculate on other consequences of the CLIC4 relation to TGF-beta signaling and the potential for CLIC4 to participate in other cellular functions related to normal homeostasis and disease.
Automatic assessment of an "apnoea-severity-factor" combined with heart rate analysis during polysomnographic examinations in infants (2002)

Infant apnoea classification in terms of severity and character is done subjectively by physicians based on polysomnographic recordings. Beside changes in respiratory parameters often significant drops in heart rate and O/sub 2/-saturation are observed during apnoea. The authors propose a new "apnoea-severity-factor", which is computed using apnoea duration patterns O/sub 2/-saturation values and heart rate variations during an apnoea. The beat-to-beat heart rate is calculated via interpolation techniques from a one channel ECG. Central, obstructive or mixed apnoea are identified and analyzed using a neural network. For each recorded apnoea its severity-factor is calculated automatically from the acquired signals and altogether statistically analyzed. First studies revealed, that the subjective assessment of medical experts showed good correlation with the authors' severity factor and apnoea duration parameters as well as O/sub 2/-values. An unexpected low correlation of heart rate variations against assessed values was found. Further investigations yielded an overall correlation coefficient of 0.9 between assessed and computed apnoea-severity-factors. It is concluded that an apnoea-severity-factor automatically computed from polysomnographic recordings and including the beat-to-beat heart rate variation can improve the subjective judgement of medical experts involved in SIDS prevention.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Second‐Generation Non‐Covalent NAAA Inhibitors are Protective in a Model of Multiple Sclerosis (2016)

Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) and oleoylethanolamide (OEA) are endogenous lipid mediators that suppress inflammation. Their actions are terminated by the intracellular cysteine amidase, N-acylethanolamine acid amidase (NAAA). Even though NAAA may offer a new target for anti-inflammatory therapy, the lipid-like structures and reactive warheads of current NAAA inhibitors limit the use of these agents as oral drugs. A series of novel benzothiazole-piperazine derivatives that inhibit NAAA in a potent and selective manner by a non-covalent mechanism are described. A prototype member of this class (8) displays high oral bioavailability, access to the central nervous system (CNS), and strong activity in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis (MS). This compound exemplifies a second generation of non-covalent NAAA inhibitors that may be useful in the treatment of MS and other chronic CNS disorders.
<p>8 hrs Safety Evaluation Of A Multi-Pressure Dial In Eyes With Glaucoma: Prospective, Open-Label, Randomized Study</p> (2019)

The MPD demonstrated favorable safety with key parameters remaining stable after an 8-hr wear with negative pressure. Negative pressure application through the MPD was well tolerated by subjects enrolled in the study. The favorable findings demonstrate the safety of sustained delivery of negative pressure over a continuous, uninterrupted 8-hr duration.
Preparation of high modulus polyethylene sheet by the roller-drawing method (1985)

The high density polyethylene (HDPE) sheets were drawn through a pair of heated rollers. The process, referred to as roller drawing, was found to be useful for producing high modulus and high strength HDPE sheets. The higher draw ratio could be obtained for the HDPE sheet with lower molecular weight and narrower molecular weight distribution. The Young's modulus and the breaking strength reached 43 GPa and 0.67 GPa, respectively, at the highest draw ratio. The measurements of wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) pole figures revealed that the crystallographic a-, b-, and c-axes were oriented to the normal direction (ND), the traverse direction (TD), and the drawing direction (DD), respectively. The small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) of the roller-drawn HDPE sheets with draw ratio higher than 7 exhibited two intensity maxima on the meridian, suggesting the presence of the two-phase structure in which crystalline and amorphous regions are stacked alternately along DD. The relationship between mechanical properties and microstructure was discussed on the basis of the concept of the formation of amorphous tie molecules in the interfibrillar and intercrystallite regions.
Design and control of cyclohexanol reactive-distillation process with alternative decanter configurations (2011)

Cyclohexanol is widely used in industry as a precursor for the synthesis of intermediates of Nylon. In this paper, design and control of reactive-distillation process for the production of cyclohexanol have been studied. The total annual costs of two alternative decanter configurations are comparable. However, one configuration gives much better operability than the others in the face of feed disturbances. To achieve wider operability, proper selection of the overall control strategy is critically important. Rigorous dynamic simulations will be used to illustrate the findings.
Performance of LIDAR- and radar-based turbulence intensity measurement in comparison with anemometer-based turbulence intensity estimation based on aircraft data for a typical case of terrain-induced turbulence in association with a typhoon (2013)

The Hong Kong Observatory (HKO) provides low-level turbulence alerting service for the Hong Kong International Airport (HKIA) through the windshear and turbulence warning system (WTWS). In the WTWS, turbulence intensities along the flight paths of the airport are estimated based upon correlation equations established between the surface anemometer data and the turbulence data from research aircraft before the opening of the airport. The research aircraft data are not available on day-to-day basis. The remote sensing meteorological instruments, such as the Doppler light detection and ranging (LIDAR) and radar, may be used to provide direct measurements of turbulence intensities over the runway corridors. The performances of LIDAR- and radar-based turbulence intensity data are studied in this paper based on actual turbulence intensity measurements made on 423 commercial jets for a typical case of terrain-induced turbulence in association with a typhoon. It turns out that, with the tuning of the relative operating characteristic (ROC) curve between hit rate and false alarm rate, the LIDAR-based turbulence intensity measurement performs better than the anemometer-based estimation of WTWS for turbulence intensity at moderate level or above. On the other hand, the radar-based measurement does not perform as well when compared with WTWS. By combining LIDAR- and radar-based measurements, the performance is slightly better than WTWS, mainly as a result of contribution from LIDAR-based measurement. As a result, the LIDAR-based turbulence intensity measurement could be used to replace anemometer-based estimate for non-rainy weather conditions. Further enhancements of radar-based turbulence intensity measurement in rain would be necessary.