gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Word prominence detection using robust yet simple prosodic features (2012)

Automatic detection of word prominence can provide valuable information for downstream applications such as spoken language understanding. Prior work on automatic word prominence detection exploit a variety of lexical, syntactic, and prosodic features and model the task as a sequence labeling problem (independently or using context). While lexical and syntactic features are highly correlated with the notion of word prominence, the output of speech recognition is typically noisy and hence these features are less reliable than the acousticprosodic feature stream. In this work, we address the automatic detection of word prominence through novel prosodic features that capture the changes in F0 curve shape and magnitude in conjunction with duration and energy. We contrast the utility of these features with aggregate statistics of F0, duration and energy used in prior work. Our features are simple to compute yet robust to the inherent difficulties associated with identifying salient points (such as F0 peaks) in the F0 contour. Feature analysis demonstrates that these novel features are significantly more predictive than the standard aggregation-based prosodic features. Experimental results on a corpus of spontaneous speech indicate that prominence detection accuracy using only the new prosodic features is better than using both lexical and syntactic features.
Miniature piezoelectric triaxial accelerometer measures cranial accelerations (1966)

Tiny triaxial accelerometer whose sensing elements are piezoelectric ceramic beams measures human cranial accelerations when a subject is exposed to a centrifuge or other simulators of g environments. This device could be considered for application in dental, medical, and automotive safety research.
Advancements in Screen Testing, Interpretation and Modeling for Standalone Screen Applications (2011)

Abstract Slurry type sand retention tests (SRT) that simulate gradual rock failure around the wellbore have been widely used in the industry to evaluate the performance of sand control screens for standalone screen (SAS) applications. Using the test results, screen selection is generally done based on the relative ranking of screen performances rather than absolute performance. A recent paper by Chanpura et al. (2011) highlighted the drawbacks of the current practices in slurry type SRT procedures and proposed a new testing and interpretation methodology. Another recent work by Mondal et al. (2010) proposed simulation methods and results that, to the best of our knowledge, modeled screen performance numerically for the first time and presented comparisons to physical experiments. However, the approach used by Mondal et al. considers cases where hole collapse occurs on wire wrap screens and simulates "prepack" testing as opposed to slurry type tests considered in this work. In this paper, we review the recent advancements in screen testing, interpretation and modeling for standalone screen applications, and present an analytical as well as a statistical (Monte Carlo) approach for prediction of sand production through sand screens with slot geometry. We show that the proposed methods can estimate both mass and size distribution of the produced solids in a slurry type SRT taking into account the full particle size distribution (PSD) of formation sand for wire wrap screens. Simulations show that once the slot opening is covered by particles bigger than the slot opening, sand production becomes negligible unless there is a true "fines" problem, which is characterized by a bimodal size distribution. The effect of slot size variation in screen coupons on sand production demonstrates the importance of proper quality control or at least accurate determination of slot sizes in these tests. The proposed methods can be used to estimate sand production in slurry type SRT for different screen sizes and thereby enable screen size selection based on defined acceptable level of sand production. Final screen selection can be confirmed through a sand retention test.
Screening for Spikelet Fertility and Validation of Heat Tolerance in a Large Rice Mutant Population (2019)

A total of 10 000 M4 individuals in Jao Hom Nil (JHN) mutant population was treated with high temperature (40 °C to 45 °C) during the day time (6 h) from the booting to the harvesting stages, and ambient temperature (33 °C to 35 °C) was used as the control. The results of screening and yield trials found that the mutant line M9962 had a high spikelet fertility of 78% under heat stress. In addition, the other mutant lines, including M3181 and M7988, had a spikelet fertility of approximately 70%. However, the JHN wild type, Sin Lek, RD15 and RD33 had very low spikelet fertility of 34%, 14%, 9% and 4%, respectively. The lower spikelet fertility at an elevated temperature resulted in a dramatic decrease of filled grain and contributed to a loss in 100-grain weight. M9962 is a potential genetic stock for use in a heat tolerance breeding programme. In addition, spikelet fertility at high temperature was representative of heat tolerance and can be used as a screening trait for heat tolerance during the reproductive phase on a large scale.
Figure S4 from Disrupting LILRB4/APOE Interaction by an Efficacious Humanized Antibody Reverses T-cell Suppression and Blocks AML Development (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Phylogenetic analysis of D1 amino acid sequences of leukocyte immunoglobulin like receptors (LILRs).&lt;/p&gt;
Pulmonary Function in Patients With Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia 2B (2020)

This study characterized pulmonary function within a MEN2B cohort. Diffusion, restrictive, and obstructive abnormalities were evident, and lung cysts were present in 28% of patients. Further research is required to determine the mechanism of the atypical pulmonary features observed in this cohort.
Design rule optimization of regular layout for leakage reduction in nanoscale design (2008)

The effect of non-rectilinear gate (NRG) due to sub-wavelength lithograph dramatically increases the leakage current by more than 15X. To mitigate this penalty, we have developed a systematic procedure to optimize key layout parameters in regular layout with minimum area and speed overhead. As demonstrated in 65 nm technology, the optimization of regular layout achieves more than 70% reduction in leakage under NRG, with area penalty of ~10% and marginal impact on circuit speed and active power.
Supplementary Table S1 from COVID-19 Outcomes by Cancer Status, Site, Treatment, and Vaccination (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Phecodes used to identify individuals with cancer, along with their phenotype description and the number of individuals in the tested positive cohort with the corresponding phecode.&lt;/p&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of Acyl(imidoyl)ketenes. Part 4. Synthesis, Crystal and Molecular Structure of 3‐Benzoyl‐4‐benzylamino‐5‐phenyl‐5H‐furan‐2‐one. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Spatial modulation of the Fermi level by coherent illumination of undoped GaAs (1989)

The Fermi level in undoped GaAs has been modulated spatially by optically quenching EL2 defects. The spatial gradient of the Fermi level produces internal electric fields that are much larger than fields generated by thermal diffusion alone. The resulting band structure is equivalent to a periodic modulation-doped p-i-p structure of alternating insulating and p-type layers. The internal fields are detected via the electro-optic effect by the diffraction of a probe laser in a four-wave mixing geometry. The direct control of the Fermi level distinguishes this phenomenon from normal photorefractive behavior and introduces a novel nonlinear optical process.
The incidence of dementia (1998)

The incidence of dementia rises exponentially to the age of 90 years. Any sex differences are small, and incidence is lower in East Asia than in Europe.
Building Open Knowledge Graph for Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOF-KG): Challenges and Case Studies (2022)

Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) are a class of modular, porous crystalline materials that have great potential to revolutionize applications such as gas storage, molecular separations, chemical sensing, catalysis, and drug delivery. The Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) reports 10,636 synthesized MOF crystals which in addition contains ca. 114,373 MOF-like structures. The sheer number of synthesized (plus potentially synthesizable) MOF structures requires researchers pursue computational techniques to screen and isolate MOF candidates. In this demo paper, we describe our effort on leveraging knowledge graph methods to facilitate MOF prediction, discovery, and synthesis. We present challenges and case studies about (1) construction of a MOF knowledge graph (MOF-KG) from structured and unstructured sources and (2) leveraging the MOF-KG for discovery of new or missing knowledge.
HyperCEST detection of cucurbit[6]uril in whole blood using an ultrashort saturation Pre‐pulse train (2016)

Xenon based biosensors have the potential to detect and localize biomarkers associated with a wide variety of diseases. The development and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) characterization of cage molecules which encapsulate hyperpolarized xenon is imperative for the development of these xenon biosensors. We acquired (129) Xe NMR spectra, and magnetic resonance images and a HyperCEST saturation map of cucurbit[6]uril (CB6) in whole bovine blood. We observed a mean HyperCEST depletion of 84% (n = 5) at a concentration of 5 mM and 74% at 2.5 mM. Additionally, we collected these data using a pulsed HyperCEST saturation pre-pulse train with a SAR of 0.025 W/kg which will minimize any potential RF heating in animal or human tissue. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Treating invasive aspergillosis in patients with hematologic malignancy: diagnostic-driven approach versus empiric therapies (2018)

DDA-Vori was associated with better outcome (response and survival) compared with EMP-non-Vori and with equivalent outcome to EMP-Vori in hematologic malignancy patients. These outcomes associated with the implementation of DDA could lead to a reduction in the unnecessary costs and adverse events associated with the widespread use of empiric therapy.
Sensing sound with a nanoscale fiber (2017)

A feasibility study is presented of the use of a thin fiber to detect sound. The fiber is assumed to be supported on each end, with a deflection in response to a sound wave that propagates in the direction perpendicular to its long axis. The driving force on the fiber is the result of viscous forces in the oscillating air, which are well-known to be very important in determining the flow-induced motion of small structures. A simplified analytical model of the fiber's response is presented where it is argued that for fibers that are sufficiently thin, elastic and inertial effects become strongly dominated by viscous forces in the fluid. As a result, the fiber's motion becomes a very close approximation of that of the acoustic flow in its vicinity. Electrodynamic transduction of the fiber's motion provides a means of sensing sound with remarkable accuracy if the fiber diameter is taken to be measurably below one micron.
Online Bin Covering with Advice (2019)

The bin covering problem asks for covering a maximum number of bins with an online sequence of $n$ items of different sizes in the range $(0,1]$; a bin is said to be covered if it receives items of total size at least 1. We study this problem in the advice setting and provide tight bounds for the size of advice required to achieve optimal solutions. Moreover, we show that any algorithm with advice of size $o(\log \log n)$ has a competitive ratio of at most 0.5. In other words, advice of size $o(\log \log n)$ is useless for improving the competitive ratio of 0.5, attainable by an online algorithm without advice. This result highlights a difference between the bin covering and the bin packing problems in the advice model: for the bin packing problem, there are several algorithms with advice of constant size that outperform online algorithms without advice. Furthermore, we show that advice of size $O(\log \log n)$ is sufficient to achieve a competitive ratio that is arbitrarily close to $0.53\bar{3}$ and hence strictly better than the best ratio $0.5$ attainable by purely online algorithms. The technicalities involved in introducing and analyzing this algorithm are quite different from the existing results for the bin packing problem and confirm the different nature of these two problems. Finally, we show that a linear number of bits of advice is necessary to achieve any competitive ratio better than 15/16 for the online bin covering problem.
Adaptive Chemoenzymatic Microreactors Composed of Inorganic Nanoparticles and Bioinspired Intrinsically Disordered Proteins (2020)

The assembly of protein and inorganic nanoparticles represents an attractive approach to generate composite materials with multiple functions. Herein, we functionalize inorganic nanoparticles with intrinsically disordered protein domains associated with the formation of membraneless compartments in cells. These protein sequences, defined as low complexity domains (LCDs), encode intermolecular interactions that drive highly controlled, dynamic self-assembly in response to environmental changes. We show that the properties of the LCDs can be transferred to inorganic nanoparticles, inducing controlled phase separation that is dynamic and responsive to ionic strength and pH. Specifically, we hybridize magnetic nanoparticles with multi-domain proteins consisting of LCD domains and a globular enzyme, generating dynamic protein-composite compartments that locally confine hybrid chemoenzymatic reactions and respond to external magnetic fields and changes in solution conditions.
Treatment of borderline diabetes: controlled trial using carbohydrate restriction and phenformin. (1977)

A five-year therapeutic trial of carbohydrate restriction with or without phenformin (50 mg/day) was performed in men with borderline diabetes. The aim of treatment was to diminish the enhanced risk of cardiovascular disease and deterioration of glucose tolerance. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality were not significantly affected by any form of treatment, alone or in combination. The predominant risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and for overall mortality was the initial blood pressure level. The baseline plasma cholesterol concentration significantly predicted the onset of intermittent claudication. One implication of the results is that hypotensive treatment, supplemented when necessary with hypolipidaemic treatment, may be more effective in preventing the progression of arterial disease in people with mild to moderate glucose intolerance than conventional antidiabetic therapy.
General Deming Regression for Estimating Systematic Bias and Its Confidence Interval in Method-Comparison Studies (2000)

Only iteratively reweighted general Deming regression produced statistically unbiased estimates of systematic bias and reliable confidence intervals of bias for all cases.
Galactosylated Histone-Mediated Gene Transfer and Expression (1994)

We have developed a novel, highly efficient DNA delivery system to accomplish gene transfer through the asialoglycoprotein receptor-mediated endocytosis pathway. Natural nuclear DNA-binding proteins, the histones (H1, H2a, H2b, H3, and H4), were modified and used as receptor-targeted DNA carriers. Galactosylated with a coupling agent, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide, the histones and albumin were conjugated to DNA and then used to transfect HepG2 cells, which display the asialoglycoprotein receptor. The extent of galactosylation was determined for all histone subgroups and albumin with 14C-labeled galactose. A reporter gene for the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT), under the control of the 5' long terminal repeat (LTR) of Rous sarcoma virus, was used for comparisons of transfection efficiency of various carrier proteins. The CAT activity resulting from histone H1-mediated transfection was 1.66 unit per 10(6) cells, the highest among histone subgroups. The galactyosylated histone H1 was also eleven times more effective than the asialo-orosomucoid-polylysine. Ten galactosyl units are attached to histone H1 by the galactosylation reaction. Differences in the extent of galactosylation could not explain different transfection efficiencies among various proteins studied in this report. Treatment with galactose oxidase abolished the transfection ability of both the galactosylated histone H1 and asialo-orosomucoid. The intrinsic DNA-binding domains and nuclear location signal sequences are unique to histones as receptor-targeted DNA carriers, and are advantageous for effective gene delivery.
Monocytes promote tumor cell survival in T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders and are impaired in their ability to differentiate into mature dendritic cells (2009)

A variety of nonmalignant cells present in the tumor microenvironment promotes tumorigenesis by stimulating tumor cell growth and metastasis or suppressing host immunity. The role of such stromal cells in T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders is incompletely understood. Monocyte-derived cells (MDCs), including professional antigen-presenting cells such as dendritic cells (DCs), play a central role in T-cell biology. Here, we provide evidence that monocytes promote the survival of malignant T cells and demonstrate that MDCs are abundant within the tumor microenvironment of T cell-derived lymphomas. Malignant T cells were observed to remain viable during in vitro culture with autologous monocytes, but cell death was significantly increased after monocyte depletion. Furthermore, monocytes prevent the induction of cell death in T-cell lymphoma lines in response to either serum starvation or doxorubicin, and promote the engraftment of these cells in nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient mice. Monocytes are actively recruited to the tumor microenvironment by CCL5 (RANTES), where their differentiation into mature DCs is impaired by tumor-derived interleukin-10. Collectively, the data presented demonstrate a previously undescribed role for monocytes in T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders.
Production and Recovery of Human Leukocyte-Derived Alpha Interferon Using a Cascade Filtration System (1982)

The use of a cascade filtration system for production and recovery of human leukocyte-derived alpha interferon (HuIFN-alpha) has been investigated. Included in the investigation were mass transfer studies of HuIFN-alpha across ultrafiltration membranes, design and evaluation of a laboratory-scale production system and determination of IFN production kinetics in both batch and filtration systems. The cascade filtration system allows separation of interferon from leukocytes and virus during production with simultaneous concentration and complete recovery. Kinetic studies indicate that HuIFN-alpha production can be enhanced by appropriate timing of the filtration procedure. While the current study is concerned with HuIFN-alpha, it is expected that the techniques developed will be applicable to the production and recovery of both natural and recombinant IFNs and lymphokines in general.
Heterolytic cleavage of H2 by bifunctional manganese(i) complexes: impact of ligand dynamics, electrophilicity, and base positioning (2014)

A balance of metal electrophilicity and ligand steric influences is required for facile, reversible H–H heterolytic cleavage in Mn complexes with pendant amines.
Effects of nutrients and zooplankton on an estuary's phytoplankton: inferences from a synthesis of 30 years of data (2014)

Phytoplankton biomass is commonly used as a water quality metric in the management of anthropogenic nitrogen and phosphorus loading, yet interpretation of the long‐term response of phytoplankton biomass to nutrient regulation may be confounded by changes in zooplankton grazing pressure. Zooplankton community structure may be affected by planktivorous fish whose populations are subject to losses through fishing and gains through restoration efforts. We investigated temporal changes in phytoplankton biomass, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations, zooplankton, and planktivorous fish in the tidal fresh and oligohaline Chowan River, NC, over a 30‐year period in order to compare long‐term trends in these parameters and infer their relative influence on phytoplankton biomass. Data were compiled from the records of two state agencies and several academic studies and supplemented by our own two year monitoring of water quality and zooplankton in the Chowan River mainstem and two tributaries. Seasonal trend decomposition using locally weighted regression was applied to chlorophyll a (a proxy for phytoplankton biomass), nitrogen, and phosphorus, and showed that chlorophyll a declined more quickly than did nutrient concentrations over the 30‐year period. Despite the long‐term decline in nitrogen and to a lesser extent phosphorus, the long‐term trend in phytoplankton growth rate (predicted using an empirical model involving irradiance and nutrients) remained relatively constant. Zooplankton abundance increased from the period 1981–1982 to 2008–2010, as did the predicted zooplankton community water clearance rate (a proxy for zooplankton grazing). River herring, historically the dominant planktivore, declined dramatically over the 30‐year period. The data indicate that the most parsimonious explanation for the long term decrease in chlorophyll a is an increase in zooplankton and not a decrease in nutrients. This inference leads us to hypothesize that the historically large river herring population exerted a positive, indirect influence on phytoplankton biomass in the Chowan River system, and that the decline in river herring has lead to higher zooplankton abundance and subsequently lower phytoplankton biomass.
Identification of a small intracellular region of the muscarinic m3 receptor as a determinant of selective coupling to PI turnover (1989)

Molecular cloning studies have demonstrated the existence of five different muscarinic receptors (m1-m5). While m1, m3 and m5 strongly couple to stimulation of phosphoinositide (PI) hydrolysis, m2 and m4 are more efficiently linked to inhibition of adenylate cyclase. The sequences of m1-m5 have a short segment at the N-terminal portion of the putative third cytoplasmic loop (i3) which is highly conserved among m1, m3 and m5, but different from the sequence which is well conserved among m2 and m4. To study the role of this region in conferring coupling selectivity, we constructed cDNAs encoding chimeric m2/m3 receptors. Transient expression of these receptor hybrids in COS-7 cells showed that a 17 amino acid segment at the N-terminal portion of i3 is a major determinant of how efficiently the different muscarinic receptors are coupled to PI hydrolysis.
Whole-genome sequencing analysis of semi-supercentenarians (2021)

Extreme longevity is the paradigm of healthy aging as individuals who reached the extreme decades of human life avoided or largely postponed all major age-related diseases. In this study, we sequenced at high coverage (90X) the whole genome of 81 semi-supercentenarians and supercentenarians [105+/110+] (mean age: 106.6 ± 1.6) and of 36 healthy unrelated geographically matched controls (mean age 68.0 ± 5.9) recruited in Italy. The results showed that 105+/110+ are characterized by a peculiar genetic background associated with efficient DNA repair mechanisms, as evidenced by both germline data (common and rare variants) and somatic mutations patterns (lower mutation load if compared to younger healthy controls). Results were replicated in a second independent cohort of 333 Italian centenarians and 358 geographically matched controls. The genetics of 105+/110+ identified DNA repair and clonal haematopoiesis as crucial players for healthy aging and for the protection from cardiovascular events.