gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An experimental analysis of effective EP parameters for low-frequency cylindrical Nb cavities (2020)

While the basic process of electropolishing niobium with 1:9 HF:H2SO4 electrolyte has been well characterized, the specific process parameters used to electropolish different superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavity geometries requires thoughtful attention. One seeks to realize confidently local diffusion-limited polishing at each point on the surface while maximizing uniformity of removal rate. Since the reaction rate is temperature dependent, this implies that one must manage the cavity surface temperature during polishing. Too-high applied voltage aggravates temperature and thus removal non-uniformity, but too-low applied voltage risks placing the large-diameter locations "off the current plateau," yielding etching rather than polishing. The majority of recent experience has been with elliptical L-band SRF cavities and some half-wave cavities at ANL. Lower frequency cavities with increased surface area and larger cathode-to-equator distance require fresh analysis and optimization. In preparation for SNS PPU project, JLab performed some EP process development runs with SNS high beta cavities to help identify viable parameter regimes for communication to cavity vendors. Results from this study are presented.
Galvanic replacement reaction: A simple and powerful route to hollow and porous metal nanostructures (2007)

Galvanic replacement reaction provides a remarkably simple and versatile route to metal nanostructures with controllable hollow interiors and porous walls. The key step of this process involves the replacement reaction between a suspension of nanoscale metal templates and a salt precursor containing a relatively less active metal. This method has been successfully applied to prepare gold-based hollow nanostructures with a wide range of different morphologies, including cubic nanoboxes, cubic nanocages, triangular nanorings, prism-shaped nanoboxes, single-walled nanotubes, and multiple-walled nanoshells or nanotubes. In addition to gold, hollow platinum and palladium nanostructures have also been prepared by using appropriate salt precursors for the replacement reaction. These hollow and porous metal nanostructures show intriguing optical and mechanical properties, with their surface plasmon resonance peaks tunable from the visible to the near-infrared region. These materials are expected to find applications in a number of areas, such as optical sensing, imaging contrast enhancement, photothermal cancer treatment, and catalysis.
Calculation of the ion extraction boundary of a plasma ion source (2006)

The hypothesis that an unmagnetized plasma will form a meniscus sheath above an ion extraction aperture on the electric field magnitude contour, |E|=E/sub p/=T/sub e///spl lambda//sub D/, is tested. The hypothesis is assumed to be true, that the ion extraction surface of a single aperture ion extraction optic is given by the vacuum Laplace electric field magnitude contour equal to E/sub p/. The ion current extracted from this surface for a single aperture is calculated analytically. The analytically calculated current is compared to a particle-in-cell simulation of ion extraction from a single aperture, for densities ranging from 1.49/spl middot/10/sup 14/ to 1.49/spl middot/10/sup 20/ m/sup -3/ and electron temperatures of 1.35-2.7 eV. The simulated extraction current and extraction area agree with the calculated current and area very well, with deviations of only 0.1%-8% relative to the simulated value.
The role of Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen in adhesion of human breast and prostate cancer cells to the endothelium. (2001)

Interactions of metastatic cancer cells with vasculatory endothelium are critical during early stages of cancer metastasis. Understanding the molecular underpinnings of these interactions is essential for the development of new efficacious cancer therapies. Here we demonstrate that cancer-associated carbohydrate T antigen plays a leading role in docking breast and prostate cancer cells onto endothelium by specifically interacting with endothelium-expressed beta-galactoside-binding protein, galectin-3. Importantly, T antigen-bearing glycoproteins are also capable of mobilizing galectin-3 to the surface of endothelial cells, thus priming them for harboring metastatic cancer cells. The T antigen-mediated, tumor-endothelial cell interactions could be efficiently disrupted using synthetic compounds either mimicking or masking this carbohydrate structure. High efficiency of T antigen-mimicking and T antigen-masking inhibitors of tumor cell adhesion warrants their further development into antiadhesive cancer therapeutics.
Fabrication of Large Pores in Electrospun Nanofibrous Scaffolds for Cellular Infiltration: A Review (2011)

In the past decade, considerable effort has been made to construct biomimetic scaffolds from electrospun nanofibers for engineering different tissues. However, one of the major concerns with electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds is that the densely arranged architecture of fibers and small pores or voids between fibers hinder efficient cellular infiltration or prevent three dimensional (3D) cellular integration with host tissue in vivo after implantation. To overcome this problem, many concepts or strategies applicable during the electrospinning or post-electrospinning procedures have been proposed to enlarge pore size of electrospun scaffolds. This article addresses the issues of pore geometry and cellular infiltration of electrospun scaffolds, and first reviews the fabrication solutions/approaches applied to achieve larger micropores in electrospun mats. The evidence and potential for fostering cellular infiltration using these improved porous scaffolds are then discussed. Finally, it is hoped that this will enable us to better exploit viable technologies or develop new ones for constructing ideal nanofibrous architecture for fulfilling specific tissue engineering needs.
Glucose intolerance, cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease (1998)

The literature on cognitive function and Alzheimer's disease in non-insulin-dependent diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance and hyperinsulinaemia are briefly summarized. Neuropsychological, epidemilogical and endocrine contributions are reviewed, with an emphasis on the insulin hypothesis as a potential pathophysiological mechanism for Alzheimer's disease.
TEM study of crystalline structures of Cr–N thin films (2004)

Cr–N films were grown on Si (001) substrates by reactive magnetron sputtering under an N 2 /Ar atmosphere at room temperature. The composition of the films, expressed as Cr 1− x N x , can be varied by changing the N 2 /Ar pressure ratio during the synthesis process. Crystalline states of Cr–N films have been studied using electron diffraction. It is well known that two intermediate phases, Cr 2 N (hexagonal) and CrN (cubic), exist in the Cr–N system, and small variations around the ideal stoichiometry are tolerated. The present study shows that cubic CrN with vacancies rather than hexagonal Cr 2 N may exist in a Cr–N film with a thickness of about 50 nm produced under a low N 2 partial pressure.
Fast noncontact surface roughness measurements up to the micrometer range by dual-wavelength digital holographic microscopy (2010)

We present fast high-roughness and non-contact surface measurements by digital holographic microscopy (DHM). By using single- and dual-wavelength operation modes, coupled with advanced image stitching and non-measured points management methods, the technique enables two-dimensional roughness measurements up to the micrometer (N6). The sample is mechanically scanned over a surface up to 5 &times; 0.3 mm<sup>2</sup> with 17 holograms each acquired in less than 500 <i>&#956;</i>s, the corresponding phase images stitched together by software, and therefore providing multiple profiles measurement in the ISO definition in less than 30 s. The approach is validated by inspection of several different roughness standards and our technique is demonstrated to be in agreement with two existing well-known techniques in the field.
Chemical-Mineralogical Characterization of Magnetic Materials from Magnetic Soils of the Southern Espinhaço Mountain Chain and of the Upper Jequitinhonha Valley, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil (2017)

In the Southern Espinhaço Mountain Chain and in the Upper Jequitinhonha Valley, magnetic soils, in different pedogenetic stages, are found to be forming over intrusions of basic lithology. The essential chemical and mineralogical properties of samples from magnetic soil profiles from those two physiographic environments in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, are reported. Three of the pedons (Rhodic Kandiustox – RKox, Rhodic Haplustox – RHox, and Typic Argiustoll - TAoll) were identified as being indeed developed over basic rocks; the fourth pedon (Typic Haplustox - THox) is currently forming on an acidic rock. Particle size and routine chemical analyses were performed on samples from all horizons of the four selected soil profiles. For a deeper insight into the dominant mineralogy of each diagnostic soil horizon, the elemental contents, expressed in terms of the corresponding metal cation oxides, namely Fe2O3, Al2O3, and MnO2, were obtained from digesting the whole soil samples with sulfuric acid. A similar chemical analytical procedure was performed for the residual solid extracts obtained from attacking the whole soil materials with mixtures of (i) dithionite - citrate - bicarbonate and (ii) oxalate - oxalic acid. The soil samples were also analyzed by Mössbauer spectroscopy at room temperature (~298 °K) in an attempt to better identify the main magnetic iron oxides. Maghemite (δFe2O3) was found in all samples and magnetite (Fe3O4) was identified only for the sample from the Typic Argiustoll. The pedogenetic loss of silica and consequent accumulation of iron and aluminum oxides along the profile are found to be somehow correlated to the weathering sequence in the soils forming on basic rocks: TAoll < RKox < RHox.
THE EFFECT OF THE EXTRACORPOREAL SHOCK WAVE THERAPY ON BACTERIUM CELLS, BACTERIA-SUSPENSIONS AND THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INTRACELLULAR ACTING ANTIBIOTICS (2009)

Introduction: The extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) has a wide spectrum of indication in orthopaedics. However, infection in the application area is regarded as a contraindication. Therefore, in this study, the effect of of ESW on bacteria and their interaction with antibiotics is tested. Methods: Standardized suspensions of S. aureus (ATCC25923) were exposed to different energy flux densities (EFD 0,38–0,96 mJ/mm 2 ) and different impulse quantities (1000–12000 impulses) of a focussed ESWT. The surviving bacteria were quantified and compared to an untreated control group. The permeability of the cell wall of treated bacteria was analysed with a fluorescence assay and the DNA examined qualitatively for defects. The influence of ESW on the effectiveness of antibiotics was examined using Gentamicin whose stability under influence of ESW was proven infrared-spectrometrically earlier. S. aureus in specific broth (CAMHB) was treated with 4000 impulses at 0.59 mJ/mm 2 . Then the MIC against Gentamicin was compared with the MIC of an untreated control group. For the examination of synergistic effects between antibiotics and ESW, bacteria were treated with ESW (4000 impulses, 0.59 mJ/mm 2 ) in a solution of CAMHB and varying Gentamicin concentrations (0.25 – 4 μ g/ml). The vital bacteria were quantified and compared to the control group which was exposed to either ESW or Gentamicin. Bacterium colonies were quantified according to the guidelines of the NCCLS, the statistical evaluation was done with the Man-Whitney-U- test. Results: The ESW showed a significant germicidal effect (P 0.60 mJ/mm 2 , 4000 impulses) or a high impulse quantitiy at low EFD (up to 12,000 impulses, 2 ). The amount of CFU could be reduced by up to 99.9%. Despite the germicidal effect of the ESWT neither a change of the bacterium cell permeability nor a damage to the DNA could be proved. Synergistic effects between Gentamicin and ESW were not found. No loss of effectivity of the Gentamicins at a simultaneous application of the ESW (P > 0.05) could be seen either. Conclusion: The ESWT has a significant germicidal effect on bacteria after exceeding a certain threshold energy. It could be shown that the applied total energy is responsible for the germicidal effect rather than single paramters as EFD and impulse quantity. A synergistic effect of antibiotics applied in addition to the ESW could not be proved. When ESW was carried out in presence of Gentamicin, the antibacterial effect of Gentamicin was influenced neither positively nore negatively. The simultaneous application of ESW and systemically or locally applied antibiotics could represent a new therapy approach against tissue and bone infections. To prove this, further in-vivo studies are needed.
Guess Who Rated This Movie: Identifying Users Through Subspace Clustering (2012)

It is often the case that, within an online recommender system, multiple users share a common account. Can such shared accounts be identified solely on the basis of the user- provided ratings? Once a shared account is identified, can the different users sharing it be identified as well? Whenever such user identification is feasible, it opens the way to possible improvements in personalized recommendations, but also raises privacy concerns. We develop a model for composite accounts based on unions of linear subspaces, and use subspace clustering for carrying out the identification task. We show that a significant fraction of such accounts is identifiable in a reliable manner, and illustrate potential uses for personalized recommendation.
Electrokinetic properties of polypropylene‐layered silicate nanocomposite fibers (2009)

Abstract Nanocomposite fibers based on polypropylene (PP) polymer were prepared with different content of nanofiller. Filaments were spun from an isotactic iPP homopolymer. Montmorillonite modified by N , N ‐dimethyl‐ N , N dioctadecylammonium cations was used for preparation of PP nanocomposite fibers. A PP grafted with acrylic acid was added as a coupling agent. Nanocomposite fibers were characterized, i.e., the surface morphology of PP nanocomposite fibers was observed and surface properties were defined by electrokinetic properties determination by zeta potential measurements. For particle distribution observation the plasma etching was involved as a method for sample preparation. The addition of nanoparticles has an impact on ZP value of nanofilled fibers, however, isoelectric point IEP is not significantly influenced by different concentrations of nanofiller. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
H2O2-induced Intermolecular Disulfide Bond Formation between Receptor Protein-tyrosine Phosphatases (2004)

Receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase alpha (RPTPalpha) belongs to the subfamily of receptor-like protein-tyrosine phosphatases that are characterized by two catalytic domains of which only the membrane-proximal one (D1) exhibits appreciable catalytic activity. The C-terminal catalytic domain (D2) regulates RPTPalpha catalytic activity by controlling rotational coupling within RPTPalpha dimers. RPTPalpha-D2 changes conformation and thereby rotational coupling within RPTPalpha dimers in response to changes in the cellular redox state. Here we report a decrease in motility of RPTPalpha from cells treated with H2O2 on non-reducing SDS-polyacrylamide gels to a position that corresponds to RPTPalpha dimers, indicating intermolecular disulfide bond formation. Using mutants of all individual cysteines in RPTPalpha and constructs encoding the individual protein-tyrosine phosphatase domains, we located the intermolecular disulfide bond to the catalytic Cys-723 in D2. Disulfide bond formation and dimer stabilization showed similar levels of concentration and time dependence. However, treatment of lysates with dithiothreitol abolished intermolecular disulfide bonds but not stable dimer formation. Intermolecular disulfide bond formation and rotational coupling were also found using a chimera of the extracellular domain of RPTPalpha fused to the transmembrane and intracellular domain of the leukocyte common antigen-related protein (LAR). These results suggest that H2O2 treatment leads to oxidation of the catalytic Cys in D2, which then rapidly forms a disulfide bond with the D2 catalytic Cys of the dyad-related monomer, rendering an inactive RPTP dimer. Recovery from oxidative stress first leads to the reduction of the disulfide bond followed by a slower refolding of the protein to the active conformation.
Differential Impact of Calcium and Vitamin D on Body Composition Changes in Post-Menopausal Women Following a Restricted Energy Diet and Exercise Program (2020)

Vitamin D and calcium supplementation have been posited to improve body composition and different formulations of calcium may impact bioavailability. However, data are lacking regarding the combinatorial effects of exercise, diet, and calcium and/or vitamin D supplementation on body composition changes in post-menopausal women. Herein, 128 post-menopausal women (51.3 ± 4.5 years, 36.4 ± 5.7 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, 46.2 ± 4.5% fat) were assigned to diet and supplement groups while participating in a supervised circuit-style resistance-training program (3 d/week) over a 14-week period. Diet groups included: (1) normal diet (CTL), (2) a low-calorie, higher protein diet (LCHP; 1600 kcal/day, 15% carbohydrates, 55% protein, 30% fat), and (3) a low-calorie, higher carbohydrate diet (LCHC; 1600 kcal/day, 55% carbohydrates, 15% protein, 30% fat). Supplement groups consisted of: (1) maltodextrin (PLA), (2) 800 mg/day of calcium carbonate (Ca), and (3) 800 mg/day of calcium citrate and malate and 400 IU/day of vitamin D (Ca+D). Fasting blood samples, body composition, resting energy expenditure, aerobic capacity, muscular strength and endurance measures were assessed. Data were analyzed by mixed factorial ANOVA with repeated measures and presented as mean change from baseline [95% CI]. Exercise training promoted significant improvements in strength, peak aerobic capacity, and blood lipids. Dieting resulted in greater losses of body mass (CTL -0.4 ± 2.4; LCHC -5.1 ± 4.2; LCHP -3.8 ± 4.2 kg) and fat mass (CTL -1.4 ± 1.8; LCHC -3.7 ± 3.7; LCHP -3.4 ± 3.4 kg). When compared to LCHC-PLA, the LCHC + Ca combination led to greater losses in body mass (PLA -4.1 [-6.1, -2.1], Ca -6.4 [-8.1, -4.7], Ca+D -4.4 [-6.4, -2.5] kg). In comparison to LCHC-Ca, the LCHC-Ca+D led to an improved maintenance of fat-free mass (PLA -0.3 [-1.4, 0.7], Ca -1.4 [-2.3, -0.5], Ca+D 0.4 [-0.6, 1.5] kg) and a greater loss of body fat (PLA -2.3 [-3.4, -1.1], Ca -1.3 [-2.3, -0.3], Ca+D -3.6 [-4.8, -2.5]%). Alternatively, no significant differences in weight loss or body composition resulted when adding Ca or Ca+D to the LCHP regimen in comparison to when PLA was added to the LCHP diet. When combined with an energy-restricted, higher carbohydrate diet, adding 800 mg of Ca carbonate stimulated greater body mass loss compared to when a PLA was added. Alternatively, adding Ca+D to the LCHC diet promoted greater% fat changes and attenuation of fat-free mass loss. Our results expand upon current literature regarding the impact of calcium supplementation with dieting and regular exercise. This data highlights that different forms of calcium in combination with an energy restricted, higher carbohydrate diet may trigger changes in body mass or body composition while no impact of calcium supplementation was observed when participants followed an energy restricted, higher protein diet.
Resonant converter topologies with three and four energy storage elements (1994)

Generalized half-bridge and full-bridge resonant converter topologies with two, three and four energy storage elements are presented. All possible circuit topologies for such converters under voltage/current driven and voltage/current sinks are discussed. Many of these topologies have not been investigated in open literature. Based on their circuit element connections and source and load excitation types, these topologies are classified into resonant and nonresonant topologies and on their physical realizability. Comparison based on exact steady state analysis are given for typical second- and third-order series resonant converters whereas the fourth-order topology is based on the approximate analysis.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Selective sulfonylation and diazotization of indoles (2014)

A metal-free synthesis of bifunctionalized indole derivatives was developed through a novel TBHP/TBAI-mediated oxidative coupling of C2,C3-unsubstituted indoles with arylsulfonyl hydrazide. Under the same conditions C3-methyl substituted indoles underwent a diazotization process, affording 2-sulfonyldiazenyl-1H-indoles. The former reaction simultaneously established C-S and C-N bonds through selective sulfonylation and diazotization of the indole framework, enabling a mild and practical access to polyfunctionalized indoles with good to excellent yields.
Optical sensor for drone coordinate measurements (2020)

The economical optical sensor for measurements of drone coordinates in three-dimensional space is presented. Now drones use digital cameras to perform accurate taking off, landing or dumping of goods. Stabilized digital cameras with electronics for image compression and transmission via high speed wireless channel make drones expensive, reduce their weight payload and battery charge. The proposed optical sensor guarantees the coordinate measurements with ten centimeter accuracy in a volume with dimensions of several meters. The illumination part of this sensor is installed round a landing pad or a goods delivery pad. It forms a set of low-energy optical beams of definite shapes. Each beam transmits a digital code that characterizes its location relatively the pad. The receiving part of this sensor is a set of miniature photodetector units that are fixed under a drone. The proposed technique of the beam code comparison helps to calculate the drone coordinates relatively the pad. As a result, this sensor closes the gap between the accuracy of the Global Positioning System and the centimeter accuracy necessary for accurate drone taking off or landing without usage of a digital camera. The paper describes the sensor design and the experimental testing of this optical sensor. The advantages and possible applications of this sensor are also discussed.
Design and development of a database for spectral data and analysis results (1987)

A data-management system to provide quick access to spectral data and to track chemical parameters and analysis results has been developed. Data are collected at workstations which control stand-alone pulse height analyzers used for gamma, x-ray or alpha counting. The data is electronically transferred to a VAX computer where it is entered into an INGRES database. A set of tools has been developed to allow users easy access to this database. Intergroup transfer of analyzed results is in the form of ''transactions,'' which are modeled after banking transactions.
Atomic scale memristive photon source (2022)

Memristive devices are an emerging new type of devices operating at the scale of a few or even single atoms. They are currently used as storage elements and are investigated for performing in-memory and neuromorphic computing. Amongst these devices, Ag/amorphous-SiO<sub>x</sub>/Pt memristors are among the most studied systems, with the electrically induced filament growth and dynamics being thoroughly investigated both theoretically and experimentally. In this paper, we report the observation of a novel feature in these devices: The appearance of new photoluminescent centers in SiO<sub>x</sub> upon memristive switching, and photon emission correlated with the conductance changes. This observation might pave the way towards an intrinsically memristive atomic scale light source with applications in neural networks, optical interconnects, and quantum communication.