gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Short and Long Term Toxicity of Crude Oil and Oil Dispersants to Two Representative Coral Species (2007)

Oil dispersants, the tool of choice for treating oil spills in tropical marine environments, is potentially harmful to marine life, including reef corals. In a previous study, we found that dispersed oil and oil dispersants are harmful to soft and hard coral species at early life stages. In this broader study, we employed a "nubbin assay" on more than 10 000 coral fragments to evaluate the short- and long-term impacts of dispersed oil fractions (DOFs) from six commercial dispersants, the dispersants and water-soluble-fractions (WSFs) of Egyptian crude oil, on two Indo Pacific branching coral species, Stylophora pistillata and Pocillopora damicornis. Survivorship and growth of nubbins were recorded for up to 50 days following a single, short (24 h) exposure to toxicants in various concentrations. Manufacturer-recommended dispersant concentrations proved to be highly toxic and resulted in mortality for all nubbins. The dispersed oil and the dispersants were significantly more toxic than crude oil WSFs. As corals are particularly susceptible to oil detergents and dispersed oil, the results of these assays rules out the use of any oil dispersant in coral reefs and in their vicinity. The ecotoxicological impacts of the various dispersants on the corals could be rated on a scale from the least to the most harmful agent, as follows: Slickgone > Petrotech > Inipol = Biorieco > Emulgal > Dispolen.
Enhancing the electromigration resistance of copper interconnects (2004)

Various factors such as grain boundary/surface diffusion as well as structural properties of materials are known to affect the final electro-migration (EM) behavior of copper interconnections. Results presented in this paper show that the barrier layer has a strong influence in controlling the width of EM failure distributions. EM tests of samples with alternate barrier, fill and capping layers show that atomic layer chemical vapor deposited (ALCVD) barrier and/or metallic cap layers are key to realize structures with superior EM lifetimes.
On Optimistic Concurrency Control for Real-Time Database Systems (2006)

The performance of database transaction processing system can be profoundly affected by the concurrency control method employed since it is necessary to preserve database integrity in a multi-user environment. In addition to satisfying the consistency requirement as in traditional database system, real-time database systems must also satisfy timing constraints. In this study we present a virtual run policy for the restarted first run optimistic transactions and compare its performance with optimistic concurrency control in firm real-time database system.
Effects of Seeding Rate on Durum Crop Production and Physiological Responses (2017)

Core Ideas Optimum seeding rate on elite durum wheat depends on environment. Seeding rate had a significant positive relationship with grain yield, leaf area index, and carbon isotope discrimination. Seeding rate should be adjusted for environment and genotype for maximum yield. Seeding rate can be manipulated to optimize the ability of the crop to capture available resources and therefore increase yield. Seeding rate may vary between regions according to the climate conditions, soil type, sowing time, and other agronomic practices. Insufficient information is available for optimum seeding rate on durum wheat ( Triticum turgidum L. var durum ) for some production zones, and response to seeding rate is unknown for recently registered durum cultivars in Canada. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of seeding rate (SR) on performance of Canada Western Amber Durum wheat cultivars and study the underlying physiological response to a wide range of SRs. Eight durum wheat cultivars were sown at densities of 163, 217, 272, 326, and 380 seeds m −2 to study the effect of SR on several agronomic and physiological traits. Each experiment was planted as a factorial randomized complete block design with three replications near Swift Current and Regina in 2010 and 2011. High genetic and environmental response to SR was observed between cultivars. The results showed an increase in grain yield as the SR increased. The optimum SR for cultivars grown at Swift Current and Regina was 272 to 326 seeds m −2 and 217 to 272 seeds m −2 . Grain yield showed a positive relationship with carbon isotope discrimination (CID) and leaf area index (LAI). In turn, LAI showed a linear increase with SR. Information generated from this study could enable producers to maximize crop grain profitability by optimizing plant density.
Dynamic cantilever magnetometry of individual CoFeB nanotubes (2016)

We investigate single CoFeB nanotubes with hexagonal cross section using dynamic cantilever magnetometry (DCM). We develop both an analytical model based on the Stoner-Wohlfarth approximation and a broadly applicable numerical framework for analyzing DCM measurements of magnetic nanostructures. Magnetometry data taken at 4.2 K show the presence of a uniformly magnetized configuration at high external fields with ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{0}{M}_{s}=1.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\mathrm{T}$ and nonuniform configurations at low fields. In this low-field regime, comparison between numerical simulations and DCM measurements supports the existence of flux-closure configurations. Crucially, evidence of such configurations is only apparent because of the sensitivity of DCM to single nanotubes, whereas conventional measurements of ensembles are often obscured by sample-to-sample inhomogeneities in size, shape, and orientation.
Malware Detection and Kernel Rootkit Prevention in Cloud Computing Environments (2011)

The commercial success of Cloud Computing and recent developments in Grid Computing have brought platform virtualization technology into the field of high performance computing. Virtualization offers both more flexibility and security through custom user images and user isolation. In this paper, we present an approach for combined malware detection and kernel root kit prevention in virtualized Cloud Computing environments. All running binaries in a virtual instance are intercepted and submitted to one or more analysis engines. Besides a complete check against a signature database, live introspection of all system calls is performed to detect yet unknown exploits or malware. Furthermore, to prevent that an intruder retains persistent control over a running instance after a successful compromise, an in-kernel root kit prevention approach is proposed. Only authorized and thus trusted kernel modules are allowed to be loaded during runtime, loading of unauthorized modules is no longer possible. Finally, the performance of the presented solutions is evaluated.
Electronic Noses Sniff Success (2008)

E-nose technology has quietly advanced during the past two decades. Commercial models equipped with sensor arrays came to market in the mid-1990s, and today they're used to distinguish wines, analyze food flavors, and sort lumber. Benchtop systems are also used in the pharmaceutical, food, cosmetics, and packaging industries, while smaller, portable units are used to monitor air quality. But these noses cost in the range of US $5000 to $100 000. A coming convergence between e-nose technology and advances in printed electronics will finally bring the price down; way down. Within a decade we'll see e-noses that cost tens of dollars and appear in smart packaging for high-end items like pharmaceuticals or as part of intelligent or interactive appliances- picture a refrigerator that knows when milk has gone bad. Prices could easily drop to under a dollar by 2020. The secret? Conducting polymers. Developers of both electronic noses and printed electronics are exploiting these materials, which can be sensitive to the chemicals that make up odors and are also capable of producing electrical signals. E-nose developers are concentrating on honing the sensing properties of conducting polymers, while the printed-electronics people are investigating ways of using these materials to fabricate ultralow-cost electronics. Combining the fruits of these two separate efforts will finally bring e-noses into our supermarkets, homes, and daily life.
Electromagnetic Syringe (1978)

A device is described which can be used as a "hyperdermic syringe" to inject electromagnetic energy into deep-lying tissues.
Silicon-based surface gratings for efficient fiber-chip and free-space beam coupling (2023)

Silicon photonics has established itself as a key integration platform, leveraging high-quality materials and large-scale manufacturing using mastered toolsets of complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) foundries. Chip-scale photonics offer unique promises for dense integration of versatile optical functions through compact and high-performance building blocks. Integrated photonics is now competing technology for many applications, spanning from telecom/datacom and interconnects up to quantum sciences and light detection and ranging (LIDAR) systems, among others. However, the lack of low-loss input/output chip interfaces can be prohibitive to successfully deploy multi-diverse device applications. Low coupling loss is essential in reducing overall power budget in photonic systems, impacting on-chip integration level. The light coupling from an off-chip environment into the planar waveguide platforms has always been a challenging research problem since the early years of integrated photonics. Optical interfaces formed on a photonic chip surface, rather than implemented on a chip edge, have been widely used to access photonic circuits with optical fibers or enabling free-space coupling of light beams. Surface gratings can be positioned at arbitrary locations and/or arranged in pre-defined patterns on the chip, facilitating wafer-scale testing and optical packaging. In this work, we present our recent progress in the development of silicon-based surface gratings for use in fiber-to-chip and free-space beam coupling. In particular, we discuss prospective design approaches to develop low-loss surface grating couplers implemented on silicon-on-insulator (SOI), silicon nitride (SiN), and hybrid silicon-silicon nitride (Si-SiN) platforms, allowing to approach a coupling loss below -1 dB. Among these, we also cover contemporary advances in compact silicon metamaterial nano-antennas for dense optical phased arrays, obtaining high a diffraction performance (&gt; 90%) and wideband operation (&gt; 200 nm) simultaneously.
Production of immortalized distal respiratory epithelial cell lines from surfactant protein C/simian virus 40 large tumor antigen transgenic mice. (1993)

Murine lung epithelial (MLE) cell lines representing the distal bronchiolar and alveolar epithelium were produced from lung tumors generated in transgenic mice harboring the viral oncogene simian virus 40 (SV40) large tumor antigen under transcriptional control of a promoter region from the human surfactant protein C (SP-C) gene. The cell lines exhibited rapid growth, lack of contact inhibition, and an epithelial cell morphology for 30-40 passages in culture. Microvilli, cytoplasmic multivesicular bodies, and multilamellar inclusion bodies (morphologic characteristics of alveolar type II cells) were detected in some of the MLE cell lines by electron microscopic analysis. The MLE cells also maintained functional characteristics of distal respiratory epithelial cells including the expression of surfactant proteins and mRNAs and the ability to secrete phospholipids. Expression of the exogenous SV40 large tumor antigen gene was detected in all of the generated cell lines. The SP-C/SV40 large tumor antigen transgenic mice and the MLE cell lines will be useful for the study of pulmonary surfactant production and regulation as well as lung development and tumorigenesis.
Natural Language Dialogue Architectures for Tactical Questioning Characters (2008)

In this paper we contrast three architectures for natural language questioning characters. We contrast the relative costs and benefits of each approach in building characters for tactical questioning. The first architecture works purely at the textual level, using cross-language information retrieval techniques to learn the best output for any input from a training set of linked questions and answers. The second architecture adds a global emotional model and computes a compliance model, which can result in different outputs for different levels, given the same inputs. The third architecture works at a semantic level and allows authoring of different policies for response for different kinds of information. We describe these architectures and their strengths and weaknesses with respect to expressive capacity, performance, and authoring demands. 1.
Tocolytic Therapy (2009)

Although all current tocolytic agents were superior to no treatment at delaying delivery for both 48 hours and 7 days, prostaglandin inhibitors were superior to the other agents and may be considered the optimal first-line agent before 32 weeks of gestation to delay delivery.
Gastrojejunal anastomosis using a tissue-apposing stent: a safety and feasibility study in live pigs (2014)

GJA with a tissue-apposing stent is safe, feasible, and reproducible without anastomotic leakage in a porcine model using a pure endoscopic approach and standard endoscopic equipment.
MICROFLUIDIC APP FEATURING NESTED PCR FOR FORENSIC SCREENING ASSAY ON OFF-THE-SHELF THERMOCYCLER (2013)

Microfluidic Apps are a novel class of microfluidic chips designed to inbuilt process automation into standard laboratory instruments [1]. This approach circumvents costly robotic liquid handling systems. We demonstrate a new Microfluidic App for automation of forensic screening assays using an off-the-shelf centrifugal real-time thermocycler. This instrument is used for nucleic acid testing by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Compared to previous approaches, which enabled centrifugal microfluidic liquid handling by control of rotational frequency [2] our novel App excels by implementation of a multistep liquid handling protocol at constant rotational frequency using centrifugothermopneumatic actuation [3]. Automation of the forensic assay integrates the following steps into a microfluidic LabDisk segment referred to as GeneSlice: PCR pre-amplification of the DNA-sample and a no template-control, followed by aliquoting of the pre-amplified DNA into 15 reaction wells (5.1 ± 0.4 µl, CV 6.9 %, N = 4), in which amplification by nested PCR including internal positive- and extraction-controls with subsequent melting curve analysis is performed. Discrimination of human-, dog-, and red deer-DNA could be successfully demonstrated. The novel Microfluidic App enables process automation at low cost and avoids the risk of cross-contaminations typically found in non-integrated nested PCR analyses.
Equilibrium state of a rotating plasma in a mirror system (1978)

Under certain conditions in a discharge in crossed electric and magnetic fields, a plasma with a density napprox.10/sup 13/ cm/sup -3/ goes into rotation at a velocity vapprox.5 x 10/sup 7/ cm/sec for several milliseconds. The discharge current is governed by the mechanism for charge exchange of plasma ions in the gas.
Sex Pheromone Blend of the Tobacco Hornworm (1991)

Analyses of solvent rinses of the pheromone glands from calling female tobacco hornworm moths, Manducasexta (L.) revealed the presence of the following compounds: 9Z-16:AL, 11Z-16:AL, 11E-16:AL, 16:AL, 10E, 12Z-16:AL, 10E,12E-16:AL, 10E,12E,14Z-16:AL, 10E,12E,14E-16:AL, 11Z-18:AL, 13Z-18:AL 18:AL and 11Z,13Z-18:AL. The two trienals (which are new compounds) were identified by mass and PMR spectral analyses and by ozonolysis. Three isomeric conjugated triene aldehydes, 10E,12E,14Z-16:AL, 10E,12Z,14E-16:AL and 10E,12E,14E-16:AL, two of which are components of the sex pheromone, were stereoselectively synthesized. In a wind tunnel, male tobacco hornworm moths exhibited the same behaviors in response to a blend of all the synthesized components, the gland rinse, or a calling female. Both 10E,12Z- 16:AL and 10E,12E,14Z-16:AL are required to stimulate males to complete the characteristic reproductive behaviors.
A Glass Substrate Transducer for Surface Acoustic Wave Tactile Display (2007)

We had proposed a novel method to provide human tactile sensation using surface acoustic wave (SAW). A pulse modulated driving voltage is applied to reproduce human tactile sensation. To expand its application, a glass substrate SAW transducer has been proposed. The glass substrate transducer worked successfully. In the application, however, user's rubbing motion was limited to one-dimensional motion. To expand tactile display application, a wide and long transducer would be required. Such a transducer can realize two-dimensional tactile display. To improve energy efficiency, a new design of the transducer was proposed. This paper describes design of the new glass substrate transducer and its fabrication. Characteristics of the transducer are also reported.
supplementary Materials and Methods from miR-182-5p Induced by STAT3 Activation Promotes Glioma Tumorigenesis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;supplementary Materials and Methods&lt;/p&gt;
DehazeNeRF: Multiple Image Haze Removal and 3D Shape Reconstruction using Neural Radiance Fields (2023)

Neural radiance fields (NeRFs) have demonstrated state-of-the-art performance for 3D computer vision tasks, including novel view synthesis and 3D shape reconstruction. However, these methods fail in adverse weather conditions. To address this challenge, we introduce DehazeNeRF as a framework that robustly operates in hazy conditions. DehazeNeRF extends the volume rendering equation by adding physically realistic terms that model atmospheric scattering. By parameterizing these terms using suitable networks that match the physical properties, we introduce effective inductive biases, which, together with the proposed regularizations, allow DehazeNeRF to demonstrate successful multi-view haze removal, novel view synthesis, and 3D shape reconstruction where existing approaches fail.
Improved sensitivity of NMR spectroscopy probes by use of high-temperature superconductive detection coils (1997)

High resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is an important technique for the determination of molecular structures and physical properties of liquid samples. A major drawback is its low signal-to-noise ratio compared with other spectroscopic methods. The dominant source of noise in a spectrometer is often Johnson noise in the detection coils. Conductus, a leading manufacturer of superconductive electronics, and Varian, a leading manufacturer of NMR spectrometers, have successfully developed NMR sample probes using detection coils fabricated from thin films of the high temperature superconductor, YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-/spl delta// (YBCO) which reduce that noise and provide a sensitivity enhancement of a factor of four compared with conventional coils. The detection coils are maintained at about 25 K while the sample, contained in a 5 mm diameter tube, is at room temperature. The coils must carry high radio frequency currents during the excitation phase of a pulsed NMR experiment and, in order to maintain spectral quality, should cause little perturbation of the polarizing magnetic field. Characteristics of these probes and examples of spectra obtained are shown.
Industrial waste materials and by-products as thermal energy storage (TES) materials: A review (2016)

A wide variety of potential materials for thermal energy storage (TES) have been identify depending on the implemented TES method, Sensible, latent or thermochemical. In order to improve the efficiency of TES systems more alternatives are continuously being sought. In this regard, this paper presents the review of low cost heat storage materials focused mainly in two objectives: on the one hand, the implementation of improved heat storage devices based on new appropriate materials and, on the other hand, the valorisation of waste industrial materials will have strong environmental, economic and societal benefits such as reducing the landfilled waste amounts, reducing the greenhouse emissions and others. Different industrial and municipal waste materials and by products have been considered as potential TES materials and have been characterized as such. Asbestos containing wastes, fly ashes, by-products from the salt industry and from the metal industry, wastes from recycling steel process and from copper refining process and dross from the aluminium industry, and municipal wastes (glass and nylon) have been considered. This work shows a great revalorization of wastes and by-product opportunity as TES materials, although more studies are needed to achieve industrial deployment of the idea.
S-MIP: a seamless handoff architecture for mobile IP (2004)

As the number of Mobile IP (MIP) [C. Perkins, (1996)] users grow, so will the demand for delay sensitive real-time applications, such as audio streaming, that require seamless handoff, namely, a packet lossless Quality-of-Service guarantee during a handoff. Two well-known approaches in reducing the MIP handoff latency have been proposed in the literature. One aims to reduce the (home) network registration time through a hierarchical management structure, while the other tries to minimize the lengthy address resolution delay by address pre-configuration through what is known as the fast-handoff mechanism. We present a novel seamless handoff architecture, S-MIP, that builds on top of the hierarchical approach [H. Soliman et al. (2002)] and the fast-handoff mechanism [G. Dommety et al. (2002)], in conjunction with a newly developed handoff algorithm based on pure software-based movement tracking techniques [Z.-G. Zhou et al. (2002)]. Using a combination of simulation and mathematical analysis, we argue that our architecture is capable of providing packet lossless handoff with latency similar to that of L2 handoff delay when using the 802.11 access technology. More importantly, S-MIP has a signaling overhead equal to that of the well-known 'integrated' hierarchical MIP with fast-handoff scheme [H. Soliman et al. (2002)], within the portion of the network that uses wireless links. In relation to our S-MIP architecture, we discuss issues regarding the construction of network architecture, movement tracking, registration, address resolution, handoff algorithm and data handling.
Local Transplantation of G-CSF-Mobilized CD34+Cells in a Patient with Tibial Nonunion: A Case Report (2011)

Although implantation of crude bone marrow cells has been applied in a small number of patients for fracture healing, transplantation of peripheral blood CD34(+) cells, the hematopoietic/endothelial progenitor cell-enriched population, in patients with fracture has never been reported. Here, we report the first case of tibial nonunion receiving autologous, granulocyte colony stimulating factor mobilized CD34(+) cells accompanied with autologous bone grafting. No serious adverse event occurred, and the novel therapy performed 9 months after the primary operation resulted in bone union 3 months later without any symptoms including pain and gait disturbance.
Conformational Change of the Adenovirus DNA-Binding Protein Induced by Soaking Crystals with K3UO2F5Solutions (1996)

Soaking crystals of the C-terminal DNA-binding domain of the adenovirus single-stranded DNA-binding protein with a buffer containing K(3)UO(2)F(5) results in a 9% change of the crystallographic c axis without destruction of the crystals or appreciable loss of resolution. The crystals belong to space group P2(1)2(1)2(1) with a = 79.7, b = 75.6 and c = 60.6 A. The three-dimensional structure has been refined to 2.7 A with a crystallographic R factor of 0.206. Antiparallel chains of protein molecules running through the entire crystal are linked by uranyl ions. The relative orientation of protein monomers is flexible, even in the crystalline state, and allows changes in the packing of the protein chains.