gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analytical, experimental, and numerical studies of angular memory signatures of waves scattered from one-dimensional rough surfaces (1996)

It is known that a change in the direction of an incident wave on a random medium is "remembered" by the angular correlation characteristics of the scattered waves. This "memory effect" is studied for rough-surface scattering by means of theoretical [second-order Kirchhoff approximation (KA)], numerical (Monte Carlo simulations), and experimental (millimeter-wave range) approaches. The second-order KA has been found to be effective for wave scattering from very rough surfaces with large radii of curvature and high slopes (0.5-1.5). Although the second-order KA is based on a number of approximations including the geometrical optics approximation and the approximate forms of the shadowing functions, excellent agreement with Monte Carlo simulations and millimeter-wave experiments was achieved. The results are presented in a form of memory signatures which clearly exhibit the important features of this effect.
Sealing of a Fabric Vascular Prosthesis with Autologous Adipose Tissue: A Preliminary Report of Its Clinical Application (1995)

A new method of sealing fabric vascular prostheses with autologous adipose tissue was clinically applied as an alternative to preclotting with fresh blood. Thirty-six patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease were implanted with highly porous fabric prostheses. The prostheses were prepared by sealing the fabric pores with autologous adipose tissue that had been chopped up into small pieces and enmeshed in the fabric by forceful injection of the tissue suspension through a syringe. There was no complication related to the sealed graft such as graft bleeding after implantation. In-hospital mortality occurred in 4 patients: 1 case each of pneumonia, pulmonary infarction, sepsis, and acute myocardial infarction. During the period of 274 +/- 190 days, 3 prostheses were found to be occluded. All the other grafts were patent. The overall patency rate was 91.4%. Postoperative angiography revealed neither intimal thickening at the anastomotic sites nor irregularity of the prosthetic surface. The method proved safe and useful for implantation of smaller caliber artificial grafts.
Multiwavelength analog video transport network (2003)

We report on tests performed to confirm the performance of an 8-channel dense wavelength division multiplexed 1550-nm analog video transmission using directly modulated lasers over 40 km of standard fiber, through two cascaded Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers (EDFAs) with sufficient carrier-to-noise and distortion performance. Multiwavelength analog video transport networks provide an end-to-end transparent information pipe with increased service penetration.
Static electricity in polymers. I. Theory and measurement (1958)

Abstract A versatile instrument, The Static Propensity Tester, was constructed for the measurement of the rate of electrostatic charge build up and decay on polymer films and fabrics. The tester was used for measuring the rates of both positive and negative potentials in the voltage range of 1000–10,000 volts. From such studies it was observed that above a certain minimum potential, it always took longer for charge to build up on a sample than to decay. Also, the rate of charge decay was found to be dependent on the exposed surface area of a sample as well as its electrical resistance. The loss of charge from a given substance was postulated to occur by two processes, a conduction process through the substrate and a radiation process through the atmosphere. In addition, polymers were found to exhibit a charge selectivity for the sign of the applied voltage, i.e., wool had a faster negative charge decay rate whereas cellulose had a faster positive decay rate. The root‐mean‐square half life of charge decay for positive and negative voltages was found to follow an exponential type law with respect to magnitude of charge and relative humidity. A simple test was devised for characterizing the antistatic behavior of polymers.
Analysis of glutamine dependency in non-small cell lung cancer (2012)

One of the hallmarks of cancer is metabolic deregulation. Many tumors display increased glucose uptake and breakdown through the process of aerobic glycolysis, also known as the Warburg effect. Less studied in cancer development and progression is the importance of the glutamine (Gln) pathway, which provides cells with a variety of essential products to sustain cell proliferation, such as ATP and macromolecules for biosynthesis. To this end Gln dependency was assessed in a panel of non-small cell lung cancer lines (NSCLC). Gln was found to be essential for the growth of cells with high rates of glutaminolysis, and after exploring multiple genes in the Gln pathway, GLS1 was found to be the key enzyme associated with this dependence. This dependence was confirmed by observing the rescue of decreased growth by exogenous addition of downstream metabolites of glutaminolysis. Expression of the GLS1 splice variant KGA was found to be decreased in tumors compared with normal lung tissue. Transient knock down of GLS1 splice variants indicated that loss of GAC had the most detrimental effect on cancer cell growth. In conclusion, NSCLC cell lines depend on Gln for glutaminolysis to a varying degree, in which the GLS1 splice variant GAC plays an essential role and is a potential target for cancer metabolism-directed therapy.
A comparison of 4 radionuclides conjugated to antibodies for single-cell kill. (2003)

The subcellular location of the bound Ab (whether on the cell surface or the cytoplasm) does not appear to be an important variable in the choice of radionuclide for single-cell kill. (67)Ga is a promising radionuclide for killing micrometastases, for high-density target antigens, but methods for achieving higher specific activity are required to fully exploit this approach. Each of the 4 radionuclides tested has certain advantages, and further studies are required to select the optimal radionuclide for a particular purpose.
Investigating loss functions and optimization methods for discriminative learning of label sequences (2003)

Discriminative models have been of interest in the NLP community in recent years. Previous research has shown that they are advantageous over generative models. In this paper, we investigate how different objective functions and optimization methods affect the performance of the classifiers in the discriminative learning framework. We focus on the sequence labelling problem, particularly POS tagging and NER tasks. Our experiments show that changing the objective function is not as effective as changing the features included in the model.
Development of a Chronic Endothelialized Transcatheter Implantable Intra-aortic Graft (1993)

The authors developed a new intraluminal aortic prosthesis (IA graft) for internal obliteration of Stanford type B dissection. The newly devised intraluminal aortic graft is a self-expandable metallic stent (Gianturco stent) outer-jacketed with a thin open-cell structured microporous film made of segmental polyurethane (0.2 mm thick, 0.1 mm pore size). Through the femoral artery, the intraluminal aortic grafts (14-20 mm diameter-, 4 cm long) were inserted into a 12 Fr catheter sheath by compression, were implanted into the descending thoracic aortas of five mongrel dogs; they were removed at the projected times of death ranging from 1 to 6 months after implantation. Histopathologic examination revealed that an elastic fiber layer had regenerated and that on the inner surface of the graft adherent and proliferating endothelial cells were observed, even at 1 month after graft implantation. Complete epithelialization was observed over the entire inner surface of the graft within 4 months after implantation. This healing process suggests that the intraluminal aortic graft is highly biocompatible and might be stable in chronic use after the obliteration of acute Stanford type B dissections.
Strategies for Continuous Balancing in Future Power Systems with High Wind and Solar Shares (2023)

The use of wind power has grown strongly in recent years and is expected to continue to increase in the coming decades. Solar power is also expected to increase significantly. In a power system, a continuous balance is maintained between total production and demand. This balancing is currently mainly managed with conventional power plants, but with larger amounts of wind and solar power, other sources will also be needed. Interesting possibilities include continuous control of wind and solar power, battery storage, electric vehicles, hydrogen production, and other demand resources with flexibility potential. The aim of this article is to describe and compare the different challenges and future possibilities in six systems concerning how to keep a continuous balance in the future with significantly larger amounts of variable renewable power production. A realistic understanding of how these systems plan to handle continuous balancing is central to effectively develop a carbon-dioxide-free electricity system of the future. The systems included in the overview are the Nordic synchronous area, the island of Ireland, the Iberian Peninsula, Texas (ERCOT), the central European system, and Great Britain.
Heat Treatment of Pine Wood: Possible Effect of Impregnation with Silver Nanosuspension (2020)

The scope of the present work was to study the effects of heat treatment (at different mild temperatures) on the physicomechanical properties of pine wood, and to find out if impregnation with nanosilver may have any potential influence on the impact of heat treatment. Impregnation of wood with a 400-ppm silver nanosuspension was carried out under an initial vacuum pressure of 0.07 MPa, followed by a pressure of 0.25 MPa for thirty minutes, before heat treatment. Heat treatment was carried out under hot air at three relatively mild temperatures, 145, 165, and 185 °C. Results showed improvement of some properties in heat-treated wood at 145 °C. This was indicative of the improving impact caused by hornification and irreversible hydrogen bonding in the course of water movements due to heat treatment; significant fluctuations in the intensities of FTIR spectra bands at 1750–1500 cm−1 were corroborating evidence of chemical alterations in hemicellulose polymer. The high mass loss at temperature 185 °C, and the extreme thermal degradation thereof, overcame the improving effects of hornification and formation of irreversible hydrogen bonds, consequently mechanical properties decreased significantly. Interaction of different elements involved made it hard to predict properties in specimens modified at 165 °C. Impregnation of specimens with nanosilver suspension resulted in significant increase of mass loss in specimens heat-treated at 185 °C, and significant fluctuations in properties of specimens heat-treated at 145 °C.
The Dismantling and Reassembling of the Categories of New Testament Scholarship (1971)

New Testament scholarship faces a crisis in the categories with which it perceives its material. A new set of concepts for descriptive analysis which are more appropriate to the dynamic nature of the texts must be developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient General Asymmetric Syntheses of 3‐Substituted 1(3H)‐ Isobenzofuranones in Very High Enantiomeric Excess. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Potassium Aeshynomate, a Leaf‐Opening Substance of Aeshynomene indica L., Containing a Novel γ‐Amino Acid. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A unified rate-distortion analysis framework for transform coding: a summary (2002)

In our previous work, we have developed a rate-distortion (R-D) modeling framework H.263 video coding by introducing the new concepts of characteristic rate curves and rate curve decomposition. In this paper, we further show it is a unified R-D analysis framework for all typical image/video transform coding systems, such as EZW, SPIHT and JPEG image coding; MPEG-2, H.263, and MPEG-4 video coding. Based on this framework, a unified R-D estimation and control algorithm is proposed for all typical transform coding systems. We have also provided a theoretical justification for the unique properties of the characteristic rate curves. A linear rate regulation scheme is designed to further improve the estimation accuracy and robustness, as well as to reduce the computational complexity of the R-D estimation algorithm. Our extensive experimental results show that with the proposed algorithm, we can accurately estimate the R-D functions and robustly control the output bit rate or picture quality of the image/video encoder.
Method of determining coupling characteristics of studded tires with slipping and experience of its application (2019)

Test procedures allowing to determine coupling characteristics of passenger car's studded tires by using a road method are described in the article. The tests were carried out on the ice field of NAMI Test Center. The test object is "Nissan X-Trail III" automobile with "Yokohama IceGUARD Stud iG55" tires. Measuring and recording equipment used during the test procedures was examined in detail. A new method of determining of rear axle slipping angle consisting in comparing the automobile course angle and azimuth of speed vector of automobile's body above the center of rear axle is suggested. "φ - S" diagrams show the drift of studded and non-studded tires on ice. Their distinctive features are also considered.
Is Common Test Data the Solution to Poor Quality? Solving the Right Problem – An Analysis of a Public Health Information System (2013)

This paper reports our initial findings regarding the state of testing of software in the Swedish public health information system. At present, the system is only available through a black-box interface, i.e. through the GUI. This and other issues related to politics, management and organization indicate that much work is needed in order for the software to have the quality level expected by a safety-critical system. The proposed solution by the public health organization for raising the quality is to use an independent test database. Based on our initial understanding of the problem, we argue that there might be other solutions that would perhaps be more cost-effective and have a stronger impact on the quality of the system. Our main contribution lies in the data analysis, where we have collected the problems and suggested alternative cost-saving solutions.
Laser-Doppler vibrometry with variable GHz heterodyne carrier via frequency-offset lock (2018)

The generation of a heterodyne carrier frequency via offset-lock in an optical phase-locked loop (OPLL) is a widespread technique in communication, spectroscopy and other fields. Commercial state-of-the-art laser-Doppler vibrometers (LDV) generate heterodyne frequency carrier by acoustooptic devices (Bragg cells) efficiently with the slow shear mode up to 409 MHz. Therefore, these LDVs are limited in measurement bandwidth and it is impossible to adjust the heterodyne carrier frequency to the optimal value in respect to the requested demodulation bandwidth. For RF-MEMS (radio-frequency microelectromechanical systems) testing, carrier frequencies in heterodyne LDVs have to exceed 1 GHz to enable the unambiguous reconstruction of the measured vibration, which is restricted by the conventional heterodyning techniques. Recently, we demonstrated a LDV microscope with the generation of a variable heterodyne carrier frequency up to 200 MHz by offset-lock in an OPLL with visible DBR semiconductor lasers. In this paper, we demonstrate the increase of heterodyne-frequency-carrier generation by conventional RF electronics up to 1.4 GHz and discuss the decisive OPLL parameters for the application of this technique to ultra-high-frequency laser-Doppler vibrometry. Our LDV microscope shows an (out-of-plane) vibration amplitude sensitivity of less than 1 pm/ &radic; Hz for vibration frequencies higher than 50 MHz, which enables the vibration measurement of most RF-MEMS. First measurements of resonances of a piezoelectric transducer are presented.
Increased skin contact hypersensitivity correlates with altered number and function of regulatory T cells in PPAR-alpha mice. (2010)

UPSCHOONJANS
163: Clofarabine Pre-Conditioning Prior to Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation in High Risk Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML): A Well Tolerated Regimen with Both Full and Reduced Toxicity Schedules (2008)

The outcome for patients with high-risk AML, particularly those with leukaemia at the time of allogeneic transplant remains poor even using full intensity conditioning. A recently published approach used pre-conditioning chemotherapy prior to the delivery of a reduced intensity transplant schedule during the period of cytopenia. Initial results indicate feasibility and potential for long-term disease control. The bi-halogen purine analogue Clofarabine has significant activity as a single agent in AML and is well tolerated. These characteristics suggest Clofarabine is an ideal agent to use as pre-conditioning therapy. We have treated 5 patients with high-risk, refractory AML using Clofarabine pre-conditioning to reduce disease burden before full or reduced intensity allogeneic transplantation. In 4 patients, Clofarabine was administered as a single agent (40 mg/m2/day for 5 days) and in one, in combination with Cytarabine. 2 received reduced toxicity Busulphan-containing transplant schedules; 3 received full intensity, TBI-based conditioning. The indications for using Clofarabine in these patients, included severe allergy to Cytarabine and heavy prior exposure to anthracycline. All 5 patients had marrow involvement with AML prior to administration of Clofarabine. No unexpected toxicity was encountered and the extended period of cytopenia compared with a conventional transplant was manageable in this cohort. One patient who received a reduced intensity regimen, was treated for VOD on the basis of clinical suspicion but liver biopsy showed evidence of grade 3–4 haemosiderosis only. 2 patients who received TBI suffered grade 3–4 mucositis and required parenteral nutrition. All patients achieved >98% donor chimerism at day +30. No patient experienced grade 3–4 acute GvHD. 4 of 5 patients achieved substantial bulk reduction or eradication of marrow AML infiltration following Clofarabine. The patient with Clofarabine-refractory disease achieved CR at day 30 following a full intensity transplant but has relapsed at 4 months post transplant. One patient died in CR at 5 months post transplant from pneumonitis. 3 patients are currently in CR at 2.5–21 months follow up. The use of Clofarabine as a pre-conditioning agent prior to the administration of the transplant conditioning schedule is well tolerated with both full and reduced intensity protocols. This approach to allogeneic transplantation shows promise for the therapy of patients with high risk, refractory AML.
Open Knowledge Graphs Canonicalization using Variational Autoencoders (2021)

Noun phrases and Relation phrases in open knowledge graphs are not canonicalized, leading to an explosion of redundant and ambiguous subject-relation-object triples. Existing approaches to solve this problem take a two-step approach. First, they generate embedding representations for both noun and relation phrases, then a clustering algorithm is used to group them using the embeddings as features. In this work, we propose Canonicalizing Using Variational Autoencoders (CUVA) 1 , a joint model to learn both embeddings and cluster assignments in an end-to-end approach, which leads to a better vector representation for the noun and relation phrases. Our evaluation over multiple benchmarks shows that CUVA outperforms the existing state-of-the-art approaches. Moreover, we introduce CANONICNELL, a novel dataset to evaluate entity canonicalization systems.
Analysis of Some Krylov Subspace Approximations to the Matrix Exponential Operator (1992)

In this note a theoretical analysis of some Krylov subspace approximations to the matrix exponential operation $\exp (A)v$ is presented, and a priori and a posteriors error estimates are established. Several such approximations are considered. The main idea of these techniquesis to approximately project the exponential operator onto a small Krylov subspace and to carry out the resulting small exponential matrix computation accurately. This general approach, which has been used with success in several applications, provides a systematic way of defining high-order explicit-type schemes for solving systems of ordinary differential equations or time-dependent partial differential equations.
Effective error prediction using decision tree for ASR grammar network in call system (2008)

CALL (computer assisted language learning) systems using ASR (automatic speech recognition) for second language learning have received increasing interest recently. However, it still remains a challenge to achieve high speech recognition performance, including accurate detection of erroneous utterances by non-native speakers. Conventionally, possible error patterns, based on linguistic knowledge, are added to the ASR grammar network. However, this approach easily falls in the trade-off of coverage of errors and the increase of perplexity. To solve the problem, we propose a method based on a decision tree to learn effective prediction of errors made by non-native speakers. An experimental evaluation with a number of foreign students in our university shows that the proposed method can effectively generate an ASR grammar network, given a target sentence, to achieve both better coverage of errors and smaller perplexity, resulting in significant improvement in ASR accuracy.
Involvement of oxidative stress-induced abnormalities in ceramide and cholesterol metabolism in brain aging and Alzheimer's disease (2004)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related disorder characterized by deposition of amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta) and degeneration of neurons in brain regions such as the hippocampus, resulting in progressive cognitive dysfunction. The pathogenesis of AD is tightly linked to Abeta deposition and oxidative stress, but it remains unclear as to how these factors result in neuronal dysfunction and death. We report alterations in sphingolipid and cholesterol metabolism during normal brain aging and in the brains of AD patients that result in accumulation of long-chain ceramides and cholesterol. Membrane-associated oxidative stress occurs in association with the lipid alterations, and exposure of hippocampal neurons to Abeta induces membrane oxidative stress and the accumulation of ceramide species and cholesterol. Treatment of neurons with alpha-tocopherol or an inhibitor of sphingomyelin synthesis prevents accumulation of ceramides and cholesterol and protects them against death induced by Abeta. Our findings suggest a sequence of events in the pathogenesis of AD in which Abeta induces membrane-associated oxidative stress, resulting in perturbed ceramide and cholesterol metabolism which, in turn, triggers a neurodegenerative cascade that leads to clinical disease.