gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ripretinib intrapatient dose escalation after disease progression provides clinically meaningful outcomes in advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumour (2021)

Ripretinib IPDE after PD provided continued clinical benefit in advanced GIST across second, third and later lines of therapy with a similar safety profile to that observed with the QD regimen.
ChemInform Abstract: MANNICH‐RK. VON 1,2,3‐ UND 1,2,4‐TRIHYDROXY‐BENZOLEN (1973)

Abstract Die Kondensation der Trihydroxybenzole (II) mit stöchiometrischen Mengen von Formaldehyd und Morpholin in siedendem Äthanol liefert die Mannich‐ Basen (I) bzw. (III).
Thermoeconomic Analysis of Gas Turbine Plants With Fuel Decarbonization and Carbon Dioxide Sequestration (2003)

In this paper the thermoeconomic analysis of gas turbine plants with fuel decarbonization and carbon dioxide sequestration is presented. The study focuses on the amine (MEA) decarbonization plant layout and design, also providing economic data about the total capital investment costs of the plant. The system is fuelled with methane that is chemically treated through a partial oxidation and a water-gas shift reactor. CO2 is captured from the resulting gas mixture, using an absorbing solution of water and MEA that is continuously recirculated through an absorption tower and a regeneration tower: the decarbonized fuel gas is afterwards burned in the gas turbine. The heat required by CO2 sequestration is mainly recovered from the gas turbine exhausts and partially from the fuel treatment section. The reduction in efficiency and the increase in energy production costs due to fuel amine decarbonization is evaluated and discussed for different gas turbine sizes and technologies (microturbine, small size regenerated, aeroderivative, heavy duty). The necessary level of carbon tax for a conventional plant without a fuel decarbonization section is calculated and a comparison with the carbon exergy tax procedure is carried out, showing the good agreement of the results.
CW laser generation of titanium oxide nanoparticles in liquid: Characterisation and phase investigation (2007)

Compared with laser ablation in the gas phase, requiring a vacuum tight chamber and precise control of pressure and gas flow, the generation of nanoparticles via laser ablation in liquid (LAL) offers significant advantages. LAL facilitates the production of crystalline nanoparticles in a single-step procedure without subsequent heat-treatment. The entire product can be collected in solution, which simplifies handling. Up to now, most research activities have concentrated on the use of pulsed lasers, with pulse width in the range of ns to fs. In this work, we report on the generation of TiO2 spherical nanoparticles using continuous wave (CW) fiber laser by ablating pure Ti submerged both in water and in 0.01M sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) solution. The wavelength of the fiber laser used was 1070 nm with an irradiance of 20 MW/cm2, at a power level of 250 W using an exposure time of 1s. Characterization of the nanoparticles, in terms of morphology, chemical analysis and phase structure, was carried out by the means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high resolution TEM and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). Results showed the mean size of TiO2 nanoparticles generated in water to be 23 nm with only anatase being detected, while the mean size of the TiO2 nanoparticles generated in 0.01M SDS solution was 28 nm, consisting of both rutile and anatase phases.
National and European skills competitions – Hungarian experience (2020)

The labor market today is looking for qualified employees, and their shortage is still one of the biggest problems for employers. Skills development is an answer to the problem since well trained professionals have a greater chance of entering a successful career. The article discusses the idea of skills competitions which motivate young people to struggle for excellence in their professions. The Hungarian experience is analyzed since it was the first eastern European country to organize an international skills event, EuroSkills 2018 in Budapest. In order to choose national representatives qualifying competitions are organized. In the past, Hungarian private businesses and sponsors of various trades organized such events at different times and venues which proved to be chaotic and ineffective. However, when the Hungarian Chamber of Commerce and Industry (MKIK) was delegated to all tasks and responsibilities related to Hungary’s participation in EuroSkills and WorldSkills competitions, the national qualifying events started to attract increasing numbers of participants and visitors. Undoubtedly, merging single events into one large-scale national event “Szakma Sztár Fesztivál” allowed to reach a wide target group as well as provide a forum to meet with representatives of different sectors of industry; a practice worth implementing everywhere.
A review and a tutorial of ML-based MDS technology within a VANET context: From data collection to trained model deployment (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Recent advances in telecommunication and machine learning (ML) have allowed for new smart and autonomous vehicle applications to improve road safety, environmental conditions, and traffic management through Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) or Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) communication. However, with the rise of advanced cyber-attacks, the authenticity of a message guarantees its source but not its correctness. To mitigate the new sophisticated attacks, new Misbehavior Detection Systems (MDS), that use machine learning algorithms to detect misbehaving vehicles, have been proposed. This work provides first a comprehensive review of recent developments in ML-based MDS technology within a Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET) context, covering data collection, feature selection, model training, model evaluation and deployment. We survey useful public datasets and summarize recent studies. We report useful pieces of information for every work. In particular, we highlight the considered dataset for ML training, list the selected ML models, indicate the feature selection and dimensionality reduction techniques, recapitulate the main results, report the performance metrics and mention the deployment guidelines when applicable. Then, we compare the surveyed studies discussing not only the strength points but also their limitations. One of the key observations from the surveyed works is the absence of a quantitative analysis of the proposed models' execution time, which is a crucial performance metric considering the limited on-board and edge computing resources. To develop a feasible ML-based MDS for V2X communication, it is essential to address this issue and propose a deployment strategy that optimizes the allocated resources for this technology. However, achieving this remains a challenge.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Moreover, in view of the fact that data generation and analysis are critical phases in this technology. Also, using simulation has many advantages over the real data collection, we provide a tutorial on how realizing a useful dataset collection with popular open-source tools while considering exemplar types of attacks. Last, we demonstrate through the tutorial the use of the collected dataset for ML-based MDS model selection and training. An open source github repository is provided for regenerating the whole explained scenarios and modify according to the given research issue.&lt;/p&gt;
Pneumococcal Vaccines and Flu Preparedness (2007)

Influenza-associated mortality in the next five decades is likely to exceed that of any other global catastrophe (1, 2). The role of secondary bacterial infections and the need for bacterial vaccines are not mentioned in the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Pandemic Influenza Plan (2). The evidence that pneumococcal infection played a major role in the 1918 influenza pandemic is substantial, but seems to have been forgotten (3). In two studies, culturable pneumococci could be found in the peripheral blood of 50 of 105 living soldiers with influenza, during the pandemic in the United States and the UK (4, 5), and from 55 of 89 heart blood cultures taken from U.S. soldier influenza victims immediately after death (6, 7). Roughly 1/3 of deaths during the 1918 pandemic occurred more than 2 weeks after the onset of symptoms (8). Blood culture and time of death both suggest a role for the pneumococcus in a substantial fraction of the deaths of these young soldiers.
Performance bounds on depth estimation of bioelectrical sources (1992)

The unknown depth of bioelectrical sources confined to a horizontal plane in a horizontally layered volume conductor is estimated from noisy measurements of electrical potential on another, parallel plane (e.g. the surface). The Cramer-Rao bound is computed and discussed. Numerical simulations suggest the maximum likelihood depth estimate is asymptotically efficient.
Electronic Communication across Porphyrin Hexabenzocoronene Isomers (2019)

Single-molecule electronic components (SMECs) are envisioned as next-generation building blocks in quantum circuit systems. However, challenges such as the reproducibility of the electrode attachment to the individual molecules hamper their fundamental investigation. For our purpose, we introduced quasi optoelectronic electrodes (QOEs) that allow for rapid investigations of the properties and suitability of compounds for molecular electronic devices. In particular, we probed hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HBC) as a model system for D<sub>6h</sub> -symmetrical nanographenes, with porphyrins as QOEs attached to the periphery. We prepared selectively bis-porphyrin-functionalized HBCs with ortho-, meta- and para-substitution and studied their communication properties, in correlation to the geometrical alignment and size of the system, by electrochemistry and optical spectroscopy. Further insights into structure-property relationships were gained by DFT calculations and X-ray diffraction analysis.
Forewords (2003)

Though many texts are written in medicine, few have the impact of an atlas that can capture the presence of being at the bedside. The authors share the visual aspects of trauma care and allow the reader to more readily understand textual descriptions. They have produced a comprehensive atlas of trauma that is an excellent reference for physicians involved in trauma care.
Oxidation of phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase positively regulates translational quality control (2019)

Accurate translation of the genetic code is maintained in part by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRS) proofreading mechanisms that ensure correct attachment of a cognate amino acid to a transfer RNA (tRNA). During environmental stress, such as oxidative stress, demands on aaRS proofreading are altered by changes in the availability of cytoplasmic amino acids. For example, oxidative stress increases levels of cytotoxic tyrosine isomers, noncognate amino acids normally excluded from translation by the proofreading activity of phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase (PheRS). Here we show that oxidation of PheRS induces a conformational change, generating a partially unstructured protein. This conformational change does not affect Phe or Tyr activation or the aminoacylation activity of PheRS. However, in vitro and ex vivo analyses reveal that proofreading activity to hydrolyze Tyr-tRNA<sup>Phe</sup> is increased during oxidative stress, while the cognate Phe-tRNA<sup>Phe</sup> aminoacylation activity is unchanged. In HPX<sup>-</sup>, <i>Escherichia coli</i> that lack reactive oxygen-scavenging enzymes and accumulate intracellular H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, we found that PheRS proofreading is increased by 11%, thereby providing potential protection against hazardous cytoplasmic <i>m</i>-Tyr accumulation. These findings show that in response to oxidative stress, PheRS proofreading is positively regulated without negative effects on the enzyme's housekeeping activity in translation. Our findings also illustrate that while the loss of quality control and mistranslation may be beneficial under some conditions, increased proofreading provides a mechanism for the cell to appropriately respond to environmental changes during oxidative stress.
n-3 PUFA-Enriched Diet Preserves Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Function and Redox State and Prevents Muscle Mass Loss in Mice with Chronic Heart Failure (2023)

<b>Rationale and Methods:</b> Skeletal muscle derangements, potentially including mitochondrial dysfunction with altered mitochondrial dynamics and high reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, may lead to protein catabolism and muscle wasting, resulting in low exercise capacity and reduced survival in chronic heart failure (CHF). We hypothesized that 8-week <i>n</i>-3-PUFA isocaloric partial dietary replacement (Fat = 5.5% total cal; EPA + DHA = 27% total fat) normalizes gastrocnemius muscle (GM) mitochondrial dynamics regulators, mitochondrial and tissue pro-oxidative changes, and catabolic derangements, resulting in preserved GM mass in rodent CHF [Myocardial infarction (MI)-induced CHF by coronary artery ligation, left-ventricular ejection fraction <50%]. <b>Results:</b> Compared to control animals (Sham), CHF had a higher GM mitochondrial fission-fusion protein ratio, with low ATP and high ROS production, pro-inflammatory changes, and low insulin signalling. <i>n</i>-3-PUFA normalized all mitochondrial derangements and the pro-oxidative state (oxidized to total glutathione ratio), associated with normalized GM cytokine profile, and enhanced muscle-anabolic insulin signalling and prevention of CHF-induced GM weight loss (all <i>p</i> < 0.05 vs. CHF and <i>p</i> = NS vs. S). <b>Conclusions:</b><i>n</i>-3-PUFA isocaloric partial dietary replacement for 8 weeks normalizes CHF-induced derangements of muscle mitochondrial dynamics regulators, ROS production and function. <i>n</i>-3-PUFA mitochondrial effects result in preserved skeletal muscle mass, with potential to improve major patient outcomes in clinical settings.
Detecting lifetime alcohol problems in individuals referred for liver transplantation for nonalcoholic liver failure (2008)

Transplantation for alcoholic liver disease is becoming increasingly common, and with adequate screening, short- to medium-term outcomes are very good. However, while conducting a prospective study of the outcome of liver transplantation in Birmingham, United Kingdom, we observed that a research diagnosis of alcohol abuse or dependence was made in a number of cases in which no reference to alcohol problems had been made by the referring agency. This article explores the characteristics of these “missed” cases and highlights key patient characteristics that might prompt a more detailed assessment of alcohol consumption. Two hundred eight individuals completed the research interview, and 80 (39%) met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV criteria for a lifetime diagnosis of either alcohol abuse (n = 29) or dependence (n = 51). When the initial referral details were reviewed, the possibility of alcohol problems had not been raised in 10 (12.5%) of these cases. Hepatitis C was the most common primary diagnosis in the missed cases, but there was no difference between diagnosed and missed cases in terms of demographic factors, severity of liver disease, or the number or degree of lifetime problems associated with alcohol. However, members of the missed group were more likely to have drunk alcohol in the past 6 months and in a greater volume and were more likely to have used illicit drugs such as opiates, amphetamines, hallucinogens, and cannabis. These findings point to the need to take an adequate history of lifetime alcohol problems in all patients being considered for liver transplantation. Liver Transpl 14:1609–1613, 2008. © 2008 AASLD.
Development of an mRNA replacement therapy for phenylketonuria (2022)

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an inborn error caused by deficiencies in phenylalanine (Phe) metabolism. Mutations in the phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) gene are the main cause of the disease whose signature hallmarks of toxically elevated levels of Phe accumulation in plasma and organs such as the brain, result in irreversible intellectual disability. Here, we present a unique approach to treating PKU deficiency by using an mRNA replacement therapy. A full-length mRNA encoding human PAH (hPAH) is encapsulated in our proprietary lipid nanoparticle LUNAR and delivered to a <i>Pah</i> <sup>enu2</sup> mouse model that carries a missense mutation in the mouse PAH gene. Animals carrying this missense mutation develop hyperphenylalanemia and hypotyrosinemia in plasma, two clinical features commonly observed in the clinical presentation of PKU. We show that intravenous infusion of LUNAR-hPAH mRNA can generate high levels of hPAH protein in hepatocytes and restore the Phe metabolism in the <i>Pah</i> <sup><i>enu2</i></sup> mouse model. Together, these data establish a proof of principle of a novel mRNA replacement therapy to treat PKU.
Synthesis of 1-(3,4-Dihydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-2-phenyl-ethanone and Derivatives as Potent and Long-Acting Peripheral Inhibitors of Catechol-O-methyltransferase (2001)

A homologous series of novel nitro-catechol structures (7a-7e) were synthesized and tested as inhibitors of the enzyme catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT). Increasing chain length was found to have significant impact on both brain penetration and duration of COMT inhibition in the rat. Of this series, compound 7b (1-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-2-phenyl-ethanone) was found to exhibit the most potent and selective inhibition of peripheral COMT, with an inhibition profile more similar to entacapone 2 than tolcapone 1 (an equipotent peripheral and central inhibitor) but with much improved duration of action (7b, 70% inhibition and 2, 25% inhibition at 9 h after administration). The effects of structural modifications to 7b on COMT inhibitory profile were investigated, and it is concluded that the carbonyl group and preferably unsubstituted aromatic ring are essential features to maintain prolonged peripheral COMT inhibition. The introduction of the alpha-methylene group, the major structural difference between 7b and 1, would appear responsible for the observed enhancement in selectivity of peripheral COMT inhibition of 7b, which has more limited access to the brain than 1.
Lessons learned from a project for K-12 engaging university students as instructors (2005)

The boundaries between K-12 and higher-education institutions are blurring as high school students increasingly take active roles in local university projects, and college students reach out to engage K-12 students in their educational pursuits - from research to college and career planning. This partnership provides continuity of education, making learning the constant and time the variable. The digital learning commons is a program whose mission is to improve access to educational opportunities and learning resources for students and teachers. In its pilot year, the program employed 24 university students as instructors who would visit 17 schools throughout Washington State, and train students and teachers on the use of online tools to improve student learning. This paper provides an experience report from two perspectives - a program administrator's and a student-instructor's. We share our goals and expectations, and discuss the planning and evaluation processes, focusing on the lessons learned. Finally, we provide a glimpse into the challenges ahead.
The functional consequences of the microbiome in HIV (2017)

Although there is an urgent need to standardize the methods used for assessing the functional level of the microbiota, it is recognized that functional modulation of the microbiota for therapeutic purposes should be evaluated to improve HIV care.
Influence of the type and the comonomer contents on the mechanical behavior of ethylene/?-olefin copolymers (1999)

The influences of the type and concentration of α-olefin (1-hexene, 1-octene, 1-decene, 1-octadecene, 4-methyl-1-pentene) on the mechanical behavior and crystallinity degree of some ethylene/α-olefin copolymers obtained by metallocene catalysts were studied by means of stress/strain experiments. The crystallinity degree of these copolymers has been determined by X-ray measurements. It has been observed that the copolymers show less resistance to strain as the comonomer content increases and the crystallinity decreases. Most of the studied copolymers exhibit a significant increase in the crystallinity level after the stress/strain experiments. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 74: 1194–1200, 1999
Design and Testing of a Multivariate Optical Element: The First Demonstration of Multivariate Optical Computing for Predictive Spectroscopy (2001)

A demonstration of multivariate optical computing is presented using binary dye mixtures consisting of Bismarck Brown and Crystal Violet. Bismarck Brown was treated as the analyte, while Crystal Violet was treated as a random interfering species. First, a multilayer multivariate optical element (MOE) for the determination of Bismarck Brown was designed using a novel nonlinear optimization algorithm. Next, the MOE was fabricated by depositing alternating layers of two metal oxide films (Nb2O5 and SiO2) on a BK-7 glass substrate via reactive magnetron sputtering. Finally, the MOE was tested on 39 binary dye mixtures using a simple T-format prototype instrument constructed for this purpose. For each sample, measurements of the difference between transmittance through the MOE, and the reflectance from the MOE were made. By setting aside some of the samples for instrument calibration and then using the calibration model to predict the remaining samples, a standard error of prediction of 0.69 μM was obtained for Bismarck Brown using a linear regression model.
Building Obstruction in Satellite Mobile Communication Systems (2001)

This paper presents a simple model for the evaluation of obstruction caused by multiple buildings in satellite mobile communication systems, or in high-altitude platform (HAP) coverage. The proposed model can be useful for integration into propagation prediction tools. It is based on the KichhoffHuygens formulation, and includes the effect of ground reflections and reflections on a facing building. The performance of this model is evaluated by comparing it with available results from a more complex model based on the UTD. I.
Enhancement of chemotherapeutically-induced apoptosis in vivo by biochemical modulation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (1996)

An inhibitor of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, 1,5-dihydroxyisoquinoline (DHIQ), evaluated in vivo against a murine advanced breast cancer, significantly improved by 20% the PR rate of tumor-regressing chemotherapy. A detailed sequential biochemical cascade is proposed for chemotherapy-induced apoptosis, and the rationale for the utilization of the inhibitor is explained.
Physical Polymerization and Liquid Crystallization of RNA Oligomers (2008)

Ultrashort complementary RNA oligomers, as short as six base pairs in length, are found to exhibit chiral nematic and columnar liquid crystal phases in aqueous solution, through end-to-end adhesion into physically bound, but chemically segmented, polymers. Geometrical constraints indicate that the phosphate helix is continuous along the aggregated chain. The end-to-end adhesion is due to a base-staking type interaction, whose energy and temperature dependence are determined.