gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analyses of Cardinal Auctions (2012)

We study cardinal auctions for selling multiple copies of a good, in which bidders specify not only their bid or how much they are ready to pay for the good, but also a cardinality constraint on the number of copies that will be sold via the auction. We perform first known Price of Anarchy type analyses with detailed comparison of the classical Vickrey-Clarke-Groves (VCG) auction and one based on minimum pay property (MPP) which is similar to Generalized Second Price auction commonly used in sponsored search. Without cardinality constraints, MPP has the same efficiency (total value to bidders) and at least as much revenue (total income to the auctioneer) as VCG; this also holds for certain other generalizations of MPP (e.g., prefix constrained auctions, as we show here). In contrast, our main results are that, with cardinality constraints, (a) equilibrium efficiency of MPP is 1/2 of that of VCG and this factor is tight, and (b) in equilibrium MPP may collect as little as 1/2 the revenue of VCG. These aspects arise because in presence of cardinality constraints, more strategies are available to bidders in MPP, including bidding above their value, and this makes analyses nontrivial.
Wireless Inter-Session Network Coding - An Approach Using Virtual Multicasts (2011)

This paper addresses the problem of inter-session network coding to maximize throughput for multiple communication sessions in wireless networks. We introduce virtual multicast connections which can extract packets from original sessions and code them together. Random linear network codes can be used for these virtual multicasts. The problem can be stated as a flow-based convex optimization problem with side constraints. The proposed formulation provides a rate region which is at least as large as the region without inter-session network coding. We show the benefits of our technique for several scenarios by means of simulation.
σBModulates Virulence Determinant Expression and Stress Resistance: Characterization of a FunctionalrsbUStrain Derived fromStaphylococcus aureus8325-4 (2002)

The accessory sigma factor sigmaB controls a general stress response that is thought to be important for Staphylococcus aureus survival and may contribute to virulence. The strain of choice for genetic studies, 8325-4, carries a small deletion in rsbU, which encodes a positive regulator of sigmaB activity. Consequently, to enable the role of sigmaB in virulence to be addressed, we constructed an rsbU(+) derivative, SH1000, using a method that does not leave behind an antibiotic resistance marker. The phenotypic properties of SH1000 (8325-4 rsbU(+)) were characterized and compared to those of 8325-4, the rsbU mutant, parent strain. A recognition site for sigmaB was located in the promoter region of katA, the gene encoding the sole catalase of S. aureus, by primer extension analysis. However, catalase expression and activity were similar in SH1000 (8325-4 rsbU(+)), suggesting that this promoter may have a minor role in catalase expression under normal conditions. Restoration of sigmaB activity in SH1000 (8325-4 rsbU(+)) resulted in a marked decrease in the levels of the exoproteins SspA and Hla, and this is likely to be mediated by reduced expression of agr in this strain. By using Western blotting and a sarA-lacZ reporter assay, the levels of SarA were found to be similar in strains 8325-4 and SH1000 (8325-4 rsbU(+)) and sigB mutant derivatives of these strains. This finding contrasts with previous reports that suggested that SarA expression levels are altered when they are measured transcriptionally. Inactivation of sarA in each of these strains resulted in an expected decrease in agr expression; however, the relative level of agr in SH1000 (8325-4 rsbU(+)) remained less than the relative levels in 8325-4 and the sigB mutant derivatives. We suggest that SarA is not likely to be the effector in the overall sigmaB-mediated effect on agr expression.
Development of a Multileaf Collimator for Proton Radiotherapy (2010)

Abstract : This report describes the second year of a project to design and construct multileaf collimators (MLC) to be used in proton radiotherapy, and the first year of the project to develop scanned beam technology for proton radiotherapy. This research project is a joint collaborative effort between the University of Pennsylvania (HUP) and the Walter Reed Army Medical Center (WRAMC) and is part of a larger project to build a state-of-the-art proton radiotherapy facility in Philadelphia in collaboration with the Children s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP). The accomplishments during the past year of the project are described in this report. (1) We developed software to read in DICOM-RT datasets and convert them to the GEANT4 geometry structure so we can calculate dose and display DVHs on CT data, (2) We incorporated a realistic proton nozzle into the GEANT4 Monte Carlo, (3) We started the study of spot-scanning optimization and have implemented two algorithms so far, and (4) The WRAMC group has started studying how heterogeneities affect the dose distribution in proton therapy.
Prediction of sEMG-based tremor joint angle using the RBF neural network (2012)

Pathological tremor includes many types and affects person's normal life. To suppress the tremor, the medical drugs or auxiliary exoskeleton system were applied. The amplitude and frequency of tremor movement were crucial to effective suppression by exoskeleton system. In this study, base on the drawback of the kinematic information and the relationship between surface electromyographic (sEMG) signals and muscle activations, the prediction of angle from sEMG signals by using network was proposed and realized, avoiding establishing a complex mathematical model to describe the angular displacement. Comparing the sEMG captured from tremor with the normal signals, the linear profile-curve of sEMG was extracted as a feature value, and the relationship model between joint angle and sEMG was constructed by the radial basis function neural network (RBF). The analysis of the experimental data showed that the linear profile-curve could be used to predict the angle or angular velocity, with higher accuracy and adaptability comparing with root mean square (RMS) of EMG.
A Linearity Enhancement Technique for Cascode Opamp in 65nm CMOS Technology (2018)

In this paper linearity of standard opamp and importance of this parameter for typical applications like continuous-time filters have been discussed. Out of few factors affecting the linearity, drain to source voltage of the differential pair has been root caused to this problem. A technique to improve the linearity by using a common mode feedback applied to the Cascode devices was proposed. A test circuit developed in 65nm CMOS technology to verify the robustness of the proposed technique and post-layout simulations shows 45% linearity improvement compared to the conventional architecture. Circuit operates at 1.2V and draws 235μA static current and test circuit occupies 4500um <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> silicon area.
Aus dem Tumorboard – Begrenzt metastasiertes Mammakarzinom einer 90-jährigen Patientin (2013)

Für die Behandlung des metastasierten Mammakarzinoms älterer Patientinnen gibt es nur wenige Studien, die zudem einen niedrigen Evidenzlevel haben. Überzufällig häufig handelt es sich beim Mammakarzinom der älteren Frau um ein hormonrezeptorpositives Karzinom [1] . Die Therapieentscheidung hängt von vielen Faktoren ab: Biologisches Alter, Komorbiditäten, Lebenserwartung, Remissionsdruck, Tumorbiologie und Wunsch der Patientin sind hier ausschlaggebend. Besteht kein hoher Remissionsdruck, ist beim Hormonrezeptor-positiven metastasierten Mammakarzinom die endokrine Therapie die Therapie erster Wahl.
Variations on a theme: novel immersed grating based spectrometer designs for space (2017)

We present novel immersed grating (IG) based spectrometer designs that can be used in space instrumentation. They are based on the design approach that aims to optimize the optical design using the expanded parameter space that the IG technology offers. In principle the wavefront error (WFE) of any optical system the most conveniently can be corrected in the pupil, where in the case of the IG based spectrometer, the IG itself is positioned. By modifying existing three-mirror based optical systems, which can form the main part of double pass spectrometer designs, a large portion of the WFE of the optical system can be transferred to the pupil and to the IG. In these cases the IG can compensate simple low order aberrations of the system and consequently the main benefit is that the mirrors that tend to be off-axis conical sections can be substituted by spherical mirrors. The WFE budget of such designs has only a minor contribution from the very high quality spherical mirrors and the majority of the WFE can be then allocated to the most complex part of the system, the IG. The latter can be designed so that the errors are compensated by a special grating pattern that in turn can be manufactured using the expertise and experience of the semiconductor industry.
Working Smarter Not Harder: Oxytocin Increases Domestic Dogs’ (Canis familiaris) Accuracy, but Not Attempts, on an Object Choice Task (2019)

The neuropeptide oxytocin (OT) has been shown to enhance dogs' ability to perform an object choice task (OCT) involving the use of human pointing cues, when delivered intranasally. This study aimed at further investigating whether OT enhances task performance by increasing choices made, or by increasing correctness of choices made, and to compare these treatment effects to dog appeasing pheromone (DAP), known to balance emotional activation in dogs. Hence, we compared OCT performance between three groups of dogs: (i) dogs administered OT and a sham collar, (ii) dogs administered a saline placebo and a DAP collar, and (iii) control dogs administered a saline placebo and a sham collar. All three groups consisted of a combination of male and female pet dogs and assistance-dogs-in-training currently living with a volunteer carer. The study also evaluated the effect of intranasal OT and/or DAP on plasma levels of OT, and prolactin; which has previously been linked with anxiety in dogs. The dogs' emotional state was measured using the Emotional Disorders Evaluation in Dogs (EDED) scale. The owners'/carers' degree of anxious- and avoidant-style attachment to their dogs was accessed using the Pet Attachment Questionnaire (PAQ). Interesting descriptive data appeared for both treatment groups. Particularly, in OT group, we obtained significant results demonstrating that intranasal OT enhances OCT performance in dogs compared to control, by increasing the percentage of correct choices, but not the number of choices, made. Results also support that the mode of action of intranasal OT is via direct access to the brain and not via the blood, since no elevation of plasma OT (or prolactin) levels were observed after intranasal administration in this study. Similarly, DAP application did not significantly alter OT or prolactin peripheral concentrations. Several differences were observed between fostered and pet dogs, namely: fostered dogs demonstrated higher levels of serum prolactin, made more choices on the OCT compared to pet dogs but were not more likely to be correct, and were fostered by carers with higher avoidant attachment scores than pet dog owners. These findings implicate consideration of potential carer and training consequences for assistance dogs.
SystemC-AMS Thermal Modeling for the Co-simulation of Functional and Extra-Functional Properties (2018)

Temperature is a critical property of smart systems, due to its impact on reliability and to its inter-dependence with power consumption. Unfortunately, the current design flows evaluate thermal evolution ex-post on offline power traces. This does not allow to consider temperature as a dimension in the design loop, and it misses all the complex inter-dependencies with design choices and power evolution. In this article, by adopting the functional language SystemC-AMS (Analog Mixed Signal), we propose a method to enable thermal/power/functional co-simulation. The system thermal model is built by using state-of-the-art circuit equivalent models, by exploiting the support for electrical linear networks intrinsic of SystemC-AMS. The experimental results will show that the choice of SystemC-AMS is a winning strategy for building a simultaneous simulation of multiple functional and extra-functional properties of a system. The generated code exposes an accuracy comparable to that of the reference thermal simulator HotSpot. Additionally, the initial overhead due to the general purpose nature of SystemC-AMS is compensated by the surprisingly high performance of transient simulation, with speedups as high as two orders of magnitude.
Determination of serum triglycerides by an accurate enzymatic method not affected by free glycerol. (1985)

In this automated single-run enzymatic procedure for specific determination of triglycerides in serum, free glycerol is removed from the reaction mixture by pre-incubation with glycerol phosphate oxidase and peroxidase. The subsequent addition of lipase and the chromogen, 4-aminoantipyrine, results in the formation of color proportional to the amount of triglycerides in serum. Standards containing triolein in aqueous detergent are used to calibrate the method. For serum pools from the Centers for Disease Control with target values of 0.74, 1.41, and 2.63 mmol/L, the method produced biases of +0.01, -0.05, and 0.00 mmol/L, respectively (mean: -0.01 mmol/L or -0.4%). The mean coefficient of variation was 1.4% within and 2.5% between days; the combined CV, 2.9%. Ninety 6-microL serum samples can be analyzed per hour. The method is more accurate and precise than one based on an NADH-coupled enzyme system with separate addition of lipase.
Toward intelligent business objects (2000)

article Free AccessToward intelligent business objects Authors: Zakaria Maamar Zayad Univ., Dubai, United Arab Emirates Zayad Univ., Dubai, United Arab EmiratesView Profile , Jeff Sutherland Virtual Medical Systems, Cambridge, MA Virtual Medical Systems, Cambridge, MAView Profile Authors Info & Claims Communications of the ACMVolume 43Issue 10Oct. 2000 pp 99–101https://doi.org/10.1145/352183.352212Published:01 October 2000Publication History 8citation975DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations8Total Downloads975Last 12 Months39Last 6 weeks10 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteView all FormatsPDF
Simulation of Non-Condensable Gases Co-Injection in Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage: State of the Art and Important Mechanisms (2020)

Abstract When non condensable gases (NCGs) are co-injected with steam in SAGD, the steam oil ratio is reduced without negative effects in the oil production rates. But most simulation studies show the opposite effect. In this work, a critical literature review is conducted to understand the mechanisms affecting the response of NCG in numerical simulations of SAGD, and a simulation study is performed to investigate the parameters affecting the NCG co-injection process. The simulation tests were run in a two-dimensional homogeneous model based on available data of Surmont reservoir using CMG STARS. According to previous simulation studies, the time of co-injection, solubility data, ex-solution rate, injection pressure and amount of NCG co-injected are important mechanisms affecting the simulation of NCG in SAGD. These parameters were evaluated independently in the simulation study. In addition, the diffusion of methane in the gas phase and gas-liquid relative permeability curves were evaluated to study the flow of the gas in the steam chamber. As observed in previous studies, we also found that the time of co-injection, the amount of NCG co-injected and the injection pressure are critical for the design and optimization of an NCG co-injection process in SAGD. However, we found that the gas-liquid relative permeabilities are the parameter that most affects the simulation results. There are not congruent gas-liquid relative permeability curves in the literature for the SAGD reservoir simulation, and if the proper gas-liquid relative permeability curves are not considered, the design of the process using numerical simulators may not represent the real field behaviour. The liquid production rates and ex-solution rate of the gas are also important mechanisms affecting the simulation of NCG in SAGD. Contrary to what was expected, there was not a significant effect in the simulation when the diffusion and solubility of gases in the liquid were evaluated.
Stacked pentacene layer organic thin-film transistors with improved characteristics (1997)

Using two layers of pentacene deposited at different substrate temperatures as the active material, we have fabricated photolithographically defined organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) with improved field-effect mobility and subthreshold slope. These devices use photolithographically defined gold source and drain electrodes and octadecyltrichlorosilane-treated silicon dioxide gate dielectric. The devices have field-effect mobility as large as 1.5 cm/sup 2//V-s, on/off current ratio larger than 10/sup 8/, near zero threshold voltage, and subthreshold slope less than 1.6 V per decade. To our knowledge, this is the largest field-effect mobility and smallest subthreshold slope yet reported for any organic transistor, and the first time both of these important characteristics have been obtained for a single device.
SLIT2 axon guidance molecule is frequently inactivated in colorectal cancer and suppresses growth of colorectal carcinoma cells. (2003)

We have shown recently that SLIT2 has tumor suppressor activity and that it is epigenetically silenced in >40% of lung and breast tumors. In this study, we have analyzed the methylation status of SLIT2 in primary colorectal cancers and matching normal colorectal mucosa. SLIT2 promoter region methylation was found in 23 (72%) of 32 primary colorectal cancers. In contrast, normal colorectal mucosa from the same patients exhibited significantly lower levels of SLIT2 promoter region hypermethylation. SLIT2 methylation was reversed and expression restored by treating colorectal tumor cell lines with the demethylating agent 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine. Loss of heterozygosity at D4S1546 marker, which maps within 100 kb of the SLIT2 gene, was observed in 39% of the methylated tumors. Furthermore, SLIT2 epigenetic silencing was independent of ROBO1/p16/RASSF1A hypermethylation. The presence of SLIT2 methylation was also independent of the presence of K-RAS mutations. Ectopic expression of SLIT2 diminished the ability to form colonies in two colorectal tumor cell lines. In addition, conditioned medium from SLIT2-transfected COS-7 cells reduced cell growth and induced apoptosis in SW48 colorectal tumor cell line. In conclusion, SLIT2 is an excellent candidate tumor suppressor gene for colorectal cancer.
Fate of Nissen fundoplication after 20 years. A clinical, endoscopical, and functional analysis. (1993)

Of 46 patients who had Nissen fundoplication for proved gastro-oesophageal reflux, 25 were available for follow up after a median of 20 years, 15 had died of unrelated causes, and six could not be traced. All 25 patients in the follow up study were personally interviewed: 21 consented to an endoscopy, 14 to 24 hour recording of oesophageal pH and manometry, and 15 to radionuclide transit test. Repeat fundoplication for recurrent reflux was performed in two cases during the study. Heartburn and regurgitation were significantly lessened (p < 0.005), but the incidence of dysphagia was slightly increased. Endoscopy showed six of 21 fundic wraps to be defective. Erosive oesophagitis was seen in two patients, and Barrett's oesophagus (histologically confirmed) in one of them and six other patients. Total reflux time was abnormal in four of 14 patients. No patient with an intact fundic wrap seen on endoscopy, only two of seven with Barrett's oesophagus, and one of four with abnormal reflux had oesophagitis. Fundoplication in itself did not affect oesophageal motility or transit, provided that the wrap was intact. It is concluded that Nissen fundoplication gave a reasonably good longterm effect in chronic reflux disease, with the stage of the fundic wrap as the main determinant of outcome.
The deformation of CuAu I (1969)

Abstract The ordered alloy CuAu I was deformed in tension at room temperature and the deformation mechanism was investigated by electron microscopy. It was found that the predominant deformation mechanism is {111} mechanical twinning and not slip, as has been proposed by Syutkina and Yakovleva (1967). The CuAu I microstructure is composed of microtwins on {101} planes formed during the ordering process and the interaction of mechanical {111} twins with the order twins was investigated. It is probable that the CuAu I crystal structure is changed by the deformation process to one resembling the CuPt ordered alloy in which {111} planes of like atoms alternate.
Innovation and smart service systems (2018)

Service systems are arrangements of people, technologies, information, and organizations that create mutual value through joint action and interaction. Technologies incorporate routine knowledge and routine behaviors, usually simplifying tasks and freeing up resources for deliberate action, and often leading to innovation. Yet it is not always clear what should be automated, or whether and when automation will improve system performance or provide some other system-level innovation. In this chapter, we aim to provide some insight into such questions of innovation and design, particularly design of technologies to support value cocreation in autonomous or smart service systems. Using a series of case studies, our findings suggest (1) a taxonomy of technologies for smart service systems, (2) design principles for effective value cocreation in smart service systems, and (3) the beginnings of a theory of contributions of technologies to value cocreation. Our focus will be data-use for value creation in smart service systems.
Behavioural characteristics and gene expression in the hyperactive wiggling (Wig) rat (2007)

Recently, congenic wiggling (Wig) rats were described as a good model for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder; 12- to 14-week-old animals demonstrated hyperactivity, impulsive behaviour and an impaired working memory. Here, we show that 4- to 5-week-old Wig rats displayed significantly greater spontaneous motor activity than control rats during a period of darkness. Subcutaneous injection of 4 mg/kg methamphetamine exacerbated hyperactivity, the reverse of its effect in rats with neonatally induced 6-hydroxydopamine lesions. Immunohistochemistry showed low levels of tyrosine hydroxylase in the ventral midbrain, similar to 6-hydroxydopamine-treated rats. In cDNA macroarrays, 4-week-old Wig rats showed increased expression of the adenosine A2a receptor in the dorsal striatum, macrophage migration inhibitory factor in the frontal cortex, ventral striatum and midbrain, and calbindin 2 in the dorsal and ventral midbrain. Expression of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transporter and sterol carrier protein 2 genes was reduced in all regions. Dopamine transporter gene expression was increased in the dorsal midbrain but decreased in the ventral midbrain, a pattern distinct from that induced by 6-hydroxydopamine. Although abnormal development of dopaminergic neurons may underlie motor hyperactivity, other mechanisms may control responsiveness to methamphetamine. Wig rats may provide a model of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in which treatment with psychostimulants accelerate the hyperactivity.