gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sulphur segregation on the (111) iron surface studied by LEED, AES, and WFC (1979)

With the surface-specific analysis methods of LEED (low energy electron diffraction), AES (Auger electron spectroscopy) and WFC (work function change) the structure of sulphur segregated during heating above 300 °C is investigated. After the first heating of the (111)-oriented iron single crystal to 700 °C an almost monoatomic coverage originates which manifests itself as a p(1 × 1) superstructure. The intensity—energy profiles of the 00 beam and the 10 beam for LEED are analysed for the clean Fe(111) surface and for the p(1 × 1)—S structure according to the kinematic and dynamic scattering theories. Whereas for the clean iron specimen with 0.083 nm the same layer distance as in the bulk is found, the distance between the sulphur layer and the first atomic layer of the substrate is 0.177 nm. From this value the conclusion may be drawn that sulphur as an ion having a double negative charge touches three iron atoms. The positive change of the work function connected with the sulphur segregation leads to an effective dipole length of 0.002 nm, the existence of iron ions in the sulphur layer being explained by this. For the monoatomic Fe—S ion layer on the Fe(111) surface by means of the Haber-Born cycle a binding energy of 2.0 eV is calculated, which explains the extremely great stability of this layer against heat and oxygen. Mit den oberflächenspezifischen Analysenmethoden LEED, AES und WFC wird die Struktur des beim Heizen über 300 °C ausgeschiedenen Schwefels untersucht. Nach der ersten Erwärmung des (111)-orientierten Eiseneinkristalles auf 700 °C entsteht etwa eine monoatomare Bedeckung, die sich in einer p(1 × 1)-Übersturktur äußert. Die Intensitäts—Energie-Profile des 00- und des 10-Reflexes bei LEED werden für die saubere Fe(111)-Fläche und für die p(1 × 1)—S-Struktur sowohl nach der kinematischen als auch nach der dynamischen Streutheorie analysiert. Während für die saubere Eisenprobe mit 0,083 nm derselbe Schichtabstand wie im Volumen gefunden wird, beträgt der Abstand zwischen der Schwefelschicht und der ersten Atomlage des Substrates 0,177 nm. Aus diesem Wert kann geschlossen werden, daß der Schwefel als zweifach negativ geladenes Ion jeweils drei Eisenatome berührt. Die mit der Schwefelausscheidung verbundene positive Änderung der Austrittsarbeit führt auf eine effektive Dipollänge von 0,002 nm, womit die Existenz von Eisenionen in der Schwefelschicht begründet wird. Für die monoatomare Fe—S-Ionenschicht auf der Fe(111)-Fläche wird mit Hilfe des Haber-Bornschen Kreisprozesses eine Bindungsenergie von 2,0 eV berechnet, die die außerordentlich große Stabilität dieser Schicht gegenüber Wärme und Sauerstoff erklärt.
Effects of dietary zinc and copper on free radical production in rat lung and liver (1986)

The effects of dietary copper and zinc on free radical production in lung and liver microsomes were studied in male weanling rats. The rats were fed for 6 weeks on one of seven diets, with different copper and zinc concentrations representing low, adequate, and high dietary levels of copper and low and adequate levels of zinc. Rats were put on diets arranged in a 3 X 2 factorial design with copper and zinc supplementations of 0, 15, and 500 mg/kg and 0.5 or 100 mg/kg, respectively. The low copper diet depressed copper levels in both the lungs and liver, although zinc levels were unchanged in rats on the low zinc diets. Endogenous carbon-centered lipid radical production in microsomes induced by NADPH was measured using spin-trapping techniques. The low zinc diets increased free radical production in lung microsomes but not in liver microsomes. No change in free radical production was observed in lung or liver microsomes obtained from rats on low copper diets. The data indicate that endogenous free radical production is increased in lung microsomes as a function of dietary zinc deficiency but is not influenced by copper status.
Flow Rate through a Blood Vessel Deformed Due To a Uniform Pressure (2011)

In this paper, we present the mathematical equations that govern the deformation of an imbedded blood vessel under external uniform pressure taking into consideration the nonliner behavior of the soft tissue surrounding the vessel. We present a bifurcation analysis and give explicit formulas for the bifurcation points and the corresponding first order approximations for the\emph{non-trivial} solutions. We then show the results of a MATLAB program that integrates the equilibrium equations and calculates the blood flow rate through a deformed cross section for given values of the elasticity parameters and pressure. Finally, we provide (numerical) verification that the flow rate as a function of the elasticity parameters of the soft tissue surrounding the blood vessel is convex, and therefore validate the invertibility of our model.
Multi-Layered Plasma-Polymerized Chips for SPR-Based Detection (2011)

The surface functionalization of a noble metal is crucial in a surface plasmon resonance-based biomolecular detection system because the interfacial coating must retain the activity of immobilized biomolecules while enhancing the optimal loading. We present here a one-step, room-temperature, high-speed, gas-phase plasma polymerization process for functionalizing gold substrates using siloxane as an adhesion layer and acrylic acid as a functional layer. Siloxane- and thiol-based coatings were compared for their performance as adhesion and the interfacial layer for subsequent functionalization. An in situ sequential deposition of siloxane and acrylic acid resulted in a 7-fold increase in carboxylic functionality surfacial content compared to films deposited with thiol-containing precursors. Grading of the layer composition achieved as a consequence of ion-induced mixing on the surface coating under the application of the plasma is confirmed through secondary ion mass spectroscopic studies. DNA hybridization assays were demonstrated on gold/glass substrates using surface plasmon enhanced ellipsometry and the applicability of this coating for protein immunoassays were demonstrated with plasma functionalized gold/plastic substrates in Biacore 3000 SPR instrument.
Syntheses and Spectral Observation on the Structure of Several 2(1H)-Pyridinethionato Zinc Complexes (1979)

Abstract Although bis[2(1H)-pyridinethionato]zinc (1) is prepared by the reaction of 2(1H)-pyridinethione with zinc chloride in the presence of stoichiometric amount of sodium hydroxide, a similar reaction in the presence of a large excess amount of the base gave μ4-oxo-hexakis-μ-[2(1H)-pyridinethionato-(N,S)]-tetrazinc (2) which is the first example of L6Zn4O (L=ligand) type complexes having heterocyclic thiolato groups as ligands. The complex 2 was also prepared by several routes, which involve hydrolysis of 1 and the reaction of 1 with zinc oxide. In these complexes 2(1H)-pyridinethionato ligand acts as a bidentate or bridging ligand. Attempts to convert bis(4,6-dimethyl-2-pyridylthio)zinc or bis(1-oxido-2-pyridylthio)zinc into a complex of L6Zn4O type were failed. Complexes of L6Zn4O type were also prepared when L were 2-thiazolidinethionato, 5-methyl-2-thiazolidinethionato, and 1-methyl-4-imidazoline-2-thionato.
Estimation of human leptin concentration in the subcutaneous adipose and skeletal muscle tissues (2015)

Open-flow microperfusion enables the estimation of leptin concentrations in subcutaneous adipose and skeletal muscle tissues in humans in vivo. This is the first documentation on the use of open-flow microperfusion to demonstrate that relevant amounts of leptin are also found in skeletal muscle tissue.
Control of a Standing Wave Field Using a Line-Focused Transducer for Two-Dimensional Manipulation of Particles (1998)

Control of the positions of particles using acoustic radiation pressure in water was studied to develop a noncontact micromanipulation technique. In this paper a method to transport the particles two-dimensionally using an ultrasonic standing wave field between a line-focused transducer with multiple electrodes and a reflector placed at the focal line is described. When alumina suspension of mean diameter 16 µm was poured into the standing wave field of 2.1 MHz, the particles were trapped and agglomerated at sound pressure nodes existing at half wavelength on the sound beam axis near the reflector. Changing the frequency alters the wave-length and hence the interval of agglomeration. Therefore the trapped particles were transported along the sound beam axis. When the next electrodes were driven, the standing wave field shifted laterally and the trapped particles moved to the corresponding nodal points. Thus two-dimensional transportation was realized using the line-focused transducer. A sound field generated by the line-focused transducer was discussed based on numerical calculations to design an optimum shape of a transducer for manipulation.
C1q as a potential tolerogenic therapeutic in transplantation (2021)

In 1963, Lepow and colleagues resolved C1, the first component of the classical pathway, into three components, which they named C1q, C1r, and C1s. All three of these components were demonstrated to be involved in causing hemolysis in vitro. For over 30 years after that seminal discovery, the primary function attributed to C1q was as part of the C1 complex that initiated the classical pathway of the complement cascade. Then, a series of papers reported that isolated C1q could bind to apoptotic cells and facilitate their clearance by macrophages. Since then, rheumatologists have recognized that C1q is an important pattern recognition receptor (PRR) that diverts autoantigen containing extracellular vesicles from immune recognition. This critical function of C1q as a regulator of immune recognition has been largely overlooked in transplantation. Now that extracellular vesicles released from transplants have been identified as a major agent of immune recognition, it is logical to consider the potential impact of C1q on modulating the delivery of allogeneic extracellular vesicles to antigen presenting cells. This concept has clinical implications in the possible use of C1q or a derivative as a biological therapeutic to down-modulate immune responses to transplants.
Fast-atom Bombardment (FAB) Mass Spectra of Nitrile or Cyanamide Complexes with the {M(Ph2PCH2CH2PPh2)2}n+ (M=Fe or Re) Metal Sites. Application to Reactions Induced under FAB Conditions (1996)

The fast-atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectra, in 3-nitrobenzyl alcohol (NOBA) matrices, of the cyanamide or organonitrile complexes trans-[FeH(NCR)(dppe)2][BF4] [1; R=NH2, NMe2, NEt2 or NC(NH2)2; dppe=Ph2PCH2CH2PPh2] and cis- or trans-[ReCl(NCR)(dppe)2] (2; R=aryl), which have a diphosphinic {M(dppe)2}n+ metal centre, are presented and discussed. Molecular ions have been detected for 1, [R=NH2 or NC(NH2)2], and only for the trans isomers of 2 in agreement with the higher stability of their oxidized forms in comparison with those of the cis compounds. Possible fragmentation patterns are proposed, involving the stepwise elimination of ligands from the metal (NCR, H and dppe for 1; Cl, NCR and dppe for 2), preceding (for 1) the fragmentation of the diphosphine ligand which, nevertheless, for complexes 2, can also occur in the presence of the chloride ligand. This is interpreted on the basis of the relative electron donor ability of the ligands. Different fragmentation modes are observed for the dppe ligand, involving, e.g., dehydrogenation and loss of C2H4, Ph·, PPh or P·, in processes involving reductive or oxidative elimination steps. Rhenium fragment ions are more susceptible to oxygenation than the iron ones, in accord with the greater tendency of the former metal to reach higher oxidation states. The identification of reactions induced and monitored by FAB-MS was also essayed and although trans-[FeHCl(dppe)2] (3) the starting material for the synthesis of complexes (1) and NCNMe2 do not react per se in solution, we have detected their reaction under FAB conditions, the spectra being interpreted by considering the addition of the substrate to fragment ions generated in situ from 3; a comparison with the solution chemistry is discussed and suggestions for its further development, towards lower metal oxidation state complexes, are presented on the basis of the FAB-MS reactions detected.
Development and Performance Usability Testing of a Theory-Based, Computerized, Tailored Intervention (2009)

Technology offers innovative and promising methods of delivering health messages to provide knowledge and potentially facilitate improved health behaviors. Theory was foundational to the development of a new intervention using a tailored Web site and a handheld computer. A performance usability study was conducted to determine if women could use this newly developed intervention delivered via a Web site and pocket computer accurately and in a timely manner in real-world settings. A convenience sample of 15 women between 35 and 55 years of age were observed as they used "Complete a Task" and "Talk Aloud" performance usability methods. Results identified several problems affecting the ability of participants to use the Web site and handheld computer.
Recent Trends in Chemically Modified sp 2 and sp 3 Bonded Carbon Electrodes (2007)

Abstract The sections in this article are Introduction Chemically Modified sp 2 Bonded Carbon Electrodes Hydrogen‐terminated Surfaces Surfaces Modified by Chemisorbed Molecules Effect of Surface Modification on the Electrochemical Properties Chemically Modified sp 3 Bonded Carbon Electrodes CVD Diamond Thin‐film Growth Surface Termination Oxygen‐terminated Surfaces Surfaces Modified by Chemisorbed Molecules Effect of Surface Modification on the Electrochemical Properties Conclusions Acknowledgments
Trichromatic approximation method for surface illumination (1991)

The problem of approximating the tristimulus coordinates of light reflected from a surface from those of the source and the surface is considered. A variation on a well-known and widely used approximate method for accomplishing this task is presented. This variation uses the XYZ primaries that have unique properties that yield a straightforward analysis of the approximation error. We develop the notion of a calorimetric seminorm and derive an error bound by using techniques from functional analysis. This approach gives some useful insight into the factors that affect accuracy.
ApoCIII-Enriched LDL in Type 2 Diabetes Displays Altered Lipid Composition, Increased Susceptibility for Sphingomyelinase, and Increased Binding to Biglycan (2009)

We have demonstrated a number of features of apoCIII-containing LDL from hypertriglyceridemic patients with type 2 diabetes that could explain the proatherogenic role of apoCIII.
Let-7a as a target to prevent chemotherapy-induced ovarian damage in mouse model: a novel & non-invasive pharmacological approach in future fertility preservation strategies. (2019)

info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
AGS and NIA bench‐to bedside conference summary: Cancer and cardiovascular disease (2022)

This report summarizes the presentations, discussions, and recommendations of the most recent American Geriatrics Society and National Institute on Aging research conference, "Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease," on October 18-19, 2021. The purpose of this virtual meeting was to address the interface between cancer and heart disease, which are the two leading causes of death among older Americans. Age-related physiologic changes are implicated in the pathogenesis of both conditions. Emerging data suggest that cancer-related cardiovascular disease (CVD) involves disrupted cell signaling and cellular senescence. The risk factors for CVD are also risk factors for cancer and an increased likelihood of cancer death, and people who have both cancer and CVD do more poorly than those who have only cancer or only CVD. Issues addressed in this bench-to-bedside conference include mechanisms of cancer and CVD co-development in older adults, cardiotoxic effects of cancer therapy, and management of comorbid cancer and CVD. Presenters discussed approaches to ensure equitable access to clinical trials and health care for diverse populations of adults with CVD and cancer, mechanisms of cancer therapy cardiotoxicity, and management of comorbid CVD and cancer, including the role of patient values and preferences in treatment decisions. Workshop participants identified many research gaps and questions that could lead to an enhanced understanding of comorbid CVD and cancer and to better and more equitable management strategies.
Production of Antigens Associated With Epstein-Barr Virus in Experimentally Infected Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref> (1971)

Three lymphoblastoid cell lines responded in different ways to experimental infection by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). The RPMI-6410 cell line yielded early antigen (EA)-producing cells but no membrane antigen (MA) or viral capsid antigen (VCA)-positive cells. All 3 groups of antigens were demonstrated in infected Raji and SKL-1 cultures. The SKL-1 cell line appeared to be the most permissive with respect to EBV infection, yielding the highest percentages of VCA- and MA-positive cells. In both infected SKL-1 and Raji cultures, EA synthesis became detectable within 6–8 hours after infection, whereas MA and VCA production were not evident until about 4 hours later. Neutralizing antibodies were removed from a high-titered serum by absorption with viable MA-positive but not MA-negative lymphoblastoid cells—further evidence that MA represents viral envelope components inserted in the cell membrane.
Evidence for an interleukin 4-inducible immunoglobulin E uptake and transport mechanism in the intestine. (1994)

Immunoglobulin (Ig) E is the principal Ig involved in immediate hypersensitivities and chronic allergic diseases such as asthma. Helminths are the most potent infectious agents known for their capacity to stimulate IgE production during the course of infection. In rats, the nematode Trichinella spiralis typically elicits a strong parasite-specific IgE response during infection, and this IgE antibody has been shown to be protective against the parasite in passive transfer experiments. The study reported here analyzed the fate of 125I-labeled myeloma IgE (1R162) in normal and T. spiralis-infected rats after intravenous injection. T. spiralis infection induced a capacity for specific binding to the gut wall of 125I-IgE rather than 125I-IgG1, as well as the transport of IgE, but not IgG1, into the gut lumen. Peak intestinal uptake and transport of 125I-IgE occurred during the first and second weeks after injection but was not elevated in the fourth week, that is, after intestinal adult worms had been expelled. Neither 125I-IgE uptake in the gut wall nor transport to the lumen could be ascribed to tissue damage or vascular leakage. Luminal transport occurred in the small intestine and not the liver, which only transports low molecular weight degraded 125I-IgE. Calculations based on the amount of intact IgE in the lumen suggest that, in a 24-h period, up to 20% of injected 125I-IgE can be transported to the gut lumen during the peak transport period, between 6 and 14 d after infection. The intestinal IgE binding and transport response can be adoptively transferred with T. spiralis immune CD4+ OX22- (CD45RC-) lymphocytes, which are protective, but not the nonprotective sister population CD4+ OX22+ (CD45RC+) of lymphocytes isolated simultaneously from thoracic duct lymph of infected rats. The intravenous infusion of recombinant rat interleukin 4 also elicited significant intestinal uptake of 125I-IgE. We also present evidence for the presence of CD23 on rat intraepithelial lymphocytes. These data provide evidence for a novel, inducible, intestine-specific IgE uptake and transport mechanism.
Supplementary Materials and Methods from A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase II Clinical Trial of Lovastatin for Various Endpoints of Melanoma Pathobiology (2023)

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ChemInform Abstract: 1‐Fluoro‐4‐hydroxy‐1,4‐diazoniabicyclo(2.2.2)octane Bis( tetrafluoroborate) as a New, Effective Reagent for Selective Fluorofunctionalization of Alkenes under Mild Reaction Conditions. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
In-depth analysis of 3D Silicon nanowire SONOS memory characteristics by TCAD simulations (2010)

In this work, we present a detailed investigation of the electrical characteristics of 3D Gate-All-Around (GAA) Silicon nanowire (down to 6nm-diameter) SONOS memories compared to standard planar SONOS devices. In particular, by means of TCAD simulations, the write, erase and retention characteristics under uniform FN stress are explained and the main geometrical and electrostatic effects of 3D cylindrical devices are put in evidence. The physical mechanisms dominating the 3D devices performance and reliability are identified. In particular, the great influence of band-to-band phenomenon in the erase characteristics is underlined.
An islanding detection based on virtual impedance and phase-locked loop (2017)

Synchronous reference frame Phase-locked loops (PLL) are widely used in three-phase DG (Distributed Generation) systems, and the PLL behaviors always affected by the grid and local load. When DG is at the grid-connected condition, the output of PLL always stays at power frequency, while islanding occurs, the output of PLL would jump to the resonant frequency of local load. However, we cannot identify whether islanding happens if the resonant frequency is almost equal to power frequency. To overcome this problem, we introduce virtual impedance in the control channel of the DG system to periodically change the output impedance so as to change the resonant frequency. We can use it to eliminate None Detected Zone (NDZ) of the passive method to detect islanding.
Electrical stimulation of referred sensation area alleviates phantom limb pain (2021)

Electrical stimulation of RSAs not only evoked phantom touch sensation but also alleviated PLP in the short term. The results indicate that electrical stimulation of RSAs may provide a useful practical rehabilitation technique for PLP. Future studies will be required to clarify the mechanisms underlying immediate PLP alleviation via electrical stimulation of RSAs.
Matrix Metalloproteinase-2Polymorphisms and Breast Cancer Susceptibility (2009)

Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) is a well-known mediator of cancer metastasis but is also thought to be involved in several aspects of cancer development, including cell growth and inflammation. We comprehensively characterized genetic variation across the MMP-2 gene and evaluated associations with breast cancer risk using a two-phase (phase 1 and phase 2) study design. A total of 39 polymorphisms were genotyped among 6,066 Chinese women participating in the Shanghai Breast Cancer Study, a population-based case-control study. Two MMP-2 promoter polymorphisms were found to have consistent results between phase 1 and phase 2 participants, and to be significantly associated with breast cancer risk among all genotyped participants. Minor allele homozygotes for rs11644561 (G/A) were found to have a decreased risk of breast cancer [odds ratio (OR), 0.6; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.3-1.0] compared with major allele homozygotes, as were minor allele homozygotes for rs11643630 (T/G) compared with major allele homozygotes (OR, 0.8; 95% CI, 0.7-1.0). When analyzed together, a rare haplotype (4.4%) with both rs11644561 A and rs11643630 G was found to have a significantly reduced risk of breast cancer (OR, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.4-0.8). In addition, rare allele homozygotes for rs243865 (-1306 C/T) tended to have an increased risk of breast cancer (OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 0.9-2.4). Together, these findings support a role for MMP-2 genetic variation in breast cancer susceptibility.