gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fluid-Structure Interaction Based Algorithms for IOP and Corneal Material Behavior (2020)

<b>Purpose:</b> This paper presents and clinically validates two algorithms for estimating intraocular pressure (IOP) and corneal material behavior using numerical models that consider the fluid-structure interaction between the cornea and the air-puff used in non-contact tonometry. <b>Methods:</b> A novel multi-physics fluid-structure interaction model of the air-puff test was employed in a parametric numerical study simulating human eyes under air-puff pressure with a wide range of central corneal thickness (CCT = 445-645 μm), curvature (<i>R</i> = 7.4-8.4 mm), material stiffness and IOP (10-25 mmHg). Models were internally loaded with IOP using a fluid cavity, then externally with air-puff loading simulated using a turbulent computational fluid dynamics model. Corneal dynamic response parameters were extracted and used in development of two algorithms for IOP and corneal material behavior; fIOP and fSSI, respectively. The two algorithms were validated against clinical corneal dynamic response parameters for 476 healthy participants. The predictions of IOP and corneal material behavior were tested on how they varied with CCT, R, and age. <b>Results:</b> The present study produced a biomechanically corrected estimation of intraocular pressure (fIOP) and a corneal material stiffness parameter or Stress-Strain Index (fSSI), both of which showed no significant correlation with R (<i>p</i> > 0.05) and CCT (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Further, fIOP had no significant correlation with age (<i>p</i> > 0.05), while fSSI was significantly correlated with age (<i>p</i> = 0.001), which was found earlier to be strongly correlated with material stiffness. <b>Conclusion:</b> The present study introduced two novel algorithms for estimating IOP and biomechanical material behavior of healthy corneas <i>in-vivo</i>. Consideration of the fluid structure interaction between the cornea and the air puff of non-contact tonometry in developing these algorithms led to improvements in performance compared with bIOP and SSI.
Aluminium Nitride as a Corrosion Protection Coating for Steel: Selfsealing Porous Electrode Model (1991)

The use of aluminium nitride (AIN) as a corrosion protection coating for mild steel is discussed. For comparison, the corrosion protection capability of Al and AI–AIN cermet coatings on mild steel is also examined. The coatings, ∼1.0 μm thick, were grown on water cooled steel substrates by sputtering an Al target in 5N 2 –95 (Ne 1-x + Ar x ) discharges. Coating crystallography, morphology, surface chemistry, and electrical resistivity were determined prior to corrosion testing. Surface chemistry was also determined after exposure to the electrolyte. Cathodic polarisation electrochemical measurements were used to determine the corrosion rate. Electrolyte pH measurements were carried out to measure 0H - ion concentration resulting from the interaction of the coating with the electrolyte. Microcrystalline AlN coated steel was found to corrode at a rate of 1.5 orders of magnitude slower than uncoated steel, and 2 orders of magnitude slower than Al coated steel. The selfsealing porous electrode model of the corrosion process is presented, which describes the AlN coating as a barrier to both H + diffusion and electromigration.
Preparation and Characterization of Fe2O3/Al2O3 Using the Solution Combustion Approach for Chemical Looping Combustion (2012)

Chemical looping combustion (CLC) is an attractive technology for CO2 capture with high energy efficiency. In this article, an Fe2O3/Al2O3 (Fe:Al = 3:1) oxygen carrier was first prepared by the solution combustion approach for the CLC process. The prepared oxygen carrier was characterized by different means. XRD identification has substantiated the necessity of calcinations to synthesize Fe2O3/Al2O3 oxygen carrier. SEM and TEM images showed the regular spherical and cubical shape and abundant porous structure in Fe2O3/Al2O3 oxygen carrier, respectively. Structural characteristics displayed that the pore shape of Fe2O3/Al2O3 particles was heterogeneous. The average pore size and surface area were 64.76 nm and 4.01 m2/g, respectively. Further, H2 temperature programmed reduction (TPR) of Fe2O3/Al2O3 oxygen carrier indicated that the reduction reaction had only one distinct DTG peak with the weight loss rate reaching 4.75 wt %/min. Finally, five cycles of red–ox reaction by alternating with CH4 and air demonstrated that Fe2O3/Al2O3 oxygen carrier had excellent reactivity and sintering resistance and consequently was capable of the CLC process.
Transition Metal-Catalyzed Hydroboration of and CCl4Addition to Alkenes (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTTransition Metal-Catalyzed Hydroboration of and CCl4 Addition to AlkenesSchubert Pereira and Morris SrebnikView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Toledo Toledo, Ohio 43606 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 4, 909–910Publication Date (Web):January 31, 1996Publication History Received7 August 1995Published online31 January 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja952653zhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja952653zrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3983Altmetric-Citations144LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Addition reactions,Boron,Hydrocarbons,Mixtures,Oxides Get e-Alerts
Van der Waals forces between nanoclusters: importance of many-body effects (2006)

van der Waals interactions between nanoclusters have been calculated with a self-consistent, coupled dipole method. The method accounts for all many-body (MB) effects. Comparison is made between the exact potential energy, V, and the values obtained with two alternative methods: the sum of two-body interactions and the sum of two-body and three-body interactions. For all cases considered, the three-body term alone does not accurately represent the MB contributions to V. MB contributions are especially large for shape-anisotropic clusters.
Physical interactions between ABA response loci of Arabidopsis (2001)

Genetic and physiological studies have shown that the Arabidopsis thaliana abscisic acid-insensitive (ABI) loci interact to regulate seed-specific and/or ABA-inducible gene expression. We have used the yeast two-hybrid assay to determine whether any of these genetic interactions reflect direct physical interactions. By this criterion, only ABI3 and ABI5 physically interact with each other, and ABI5 can form homodimers. The B1 domain of ABI3 is essential for this interaction; this is the first specific function ascribed to this domain of the ABI3/VP1 family. The ABI5 domains required for interaction with ABI3 include two conserved charged domains in the amino-terminal half of the protein. An additional conserved charged domain appears to have intrinsic transcription activation function in this assay. Yeast one-hybrid assays with a lacZ reporter gene under control of the late embryogenesis-abundant AtEm6 promoter show that only ABI5 binds directly to this promoter fragment.
Choice of material in the design of permanent magnet flux sources (1993)

To determine the temperature dependence of the magnetization of three commercial high energy product permanent magnet materials under conditions approximating those in a permanent magnet circuit, a method is devised whereby measurements are made at values of mu /sub L/=B/ mu /sub 0/H that remain constant as the temperature is varied. All the values of mu /sub L/ used are on the same spherical sample for any given material. The values of mu /sub L/ range from zero to ten thousand to mimic almost any circumstance likely to be encountered in most real permanent magnet circuits. The method of measurement is described, and an example of the material selection procedure for an actual magnetic circuit is given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Creeping bentgrass response to zinc in modified soil (1991)

Abstract Interpretations of soil zinc (Zn) tests for golf course greens vary among testing laboratories, with little information in the literature on which to base these interpretations. Our studies determined the effects of increasing fertilizer Zn on extractable soil Zn and tissue Zn levels for five creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds.) cultivars, to investigate their potential for Zn toxicity. The effects of Zn concentrations up to 4000 mg/kg were investigated in three greenhouse studies on a potted soil mix of sand, Nicolett (fine‐loamy, mixed‐mesic, Aquic Hapludoll) soil, and Hypnum peat in an 8:1:1 ratio. ‘Penncross’ bentgrass was used in the first two studies, and ‘Penncross’, ‘Penneagle’, ‘Cobra’, ‘Emerald’, and ‘Prominent’ were compared in a third study. Mean DTPA‐extractable soil Zn concentrations increased from 0.6 mg/kg in the controls to 652 mg/kg in the pots treated with 4000‐mg Zn/kg soil. Tissue Zn concentrations increased from a low of 50 mg/kg for grass on the control pots to a high of 1500 mg/kg for plants grown in soil treated with 4000 mg/kg soil. No consistent deleterious effects were observed on the grass tissue of any of the varieties. Our study demonstrates that creeping bentgrass is capable of tolerating very high levels of Zn without tissue damage.
Photoresponsive Pseudopolyrotaxane Hydrogels Based on Competition of Host–Guest Interactions (2010)

Kontrollierter Auf- und Abbau: Ein ternäres Hydrogel bestehend aus Polyethylenglycol (PEG), α-Cyclodextrin(α-CD)-Pseudopolyrotaxan (PPR) und einem photoresponsiven Azobenzol wird durch abwechselnde Bestrahlung mit UV- und sichtbarem Licht reversibel aggregiert und gelöst. Grundlage dieses Prozesses ist die Konkurrenz zwischen der Azobenzol- und der PEG-Komponente um die Komplexierung mit α-CD-PPR. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Ultrasonic leaky-lamb wave imaging through a highly contrasting layer (2004)

This article presents an innovative and effective ultrasonic technique to image through a steel layer with immersion transducers. The purpose is to detect scatterers and external interfaces and evaluate the acoustic properties of materials bonded to the steel layer. The technique is based on the lowest-order antisymmetric leaky lamb wave propagating in the steel layer and is implemented through a pitch-catch transmitter-receiver arrangement. The main application presented herein is for a measurement that takes place in an oilfield well to evaluate the quality of the cement sheath that fills the annular region between steel casing and a rock formation. Current ultrasonic imaging techniques for such an application are based on the pulse-echo mode with a single trans-receiver. Because of the large acoustic impedance contrast between the steel and its surrounding media: fluid on the side of the transducers and cement, or fluid/mud on the other, pulse-echo techniques have proven to be limited to probing only the region adjacent to the casing-cement interface. Using field data acquired with an experimental device, we show that the proposed leaky-lamb wave-based imaging technique provides reflection echoes that allow for probing of the entire cement sheath and in particular of the imaging of the external cement-rock interface geometry.
Measurement of transmittance and permittivity of dielectric materials using dispersive Fourier transform spectroscopy (2003)

Abstract Transmittance and permittivity of several dielectric materials such as plexiglas, acrylic, and polypropylene were measured using dispersive Fourier transform spectroscopy (DFTS). The measured results showed that the transmittance of plexiglas and acrylic specimens decreases with the increase of frequency in the range of 50–380 GHz. Accurate spectra of complex permittivity and loss tangent of these specimens in this frequency range are also given. Very good agreement was seen in the overlapped frequency range between the measured data and the published data, measured using other techniques such as the W‐band spectrometer with backward wave oscillator and the free‐space measurement. This technique can be used for measurements of various dielectric materials, provided that flat specimens are available. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 38: 27–30, 2003
Top-Down Particle Fabrication: Control of Size and Shape for Diagnostic Imaging and Drug Delivery (2020)

This review discusses rational design of particles for use as therapeutic vectors and diagnostic imaging agent carriers. The emerging importance of both particle size and shape is considered, and the adaptation and modification of soft lithography methods to produce nanoparticles is highlighted. To this end, studies utilizing particles made via a process called Particle Replication In Non-wetting Templates (PRINT™) are discussed. In addition, insights gained into therapeutic cargo and imaging agent delivery from related types of polymer-based carriers are considered.
Ethical Challenges Posed by Nanotechnology (2010)

Nanotechnology Developments and Ethical Challenges: The hype surrounding nanotechnology includes the transformation of the world for the better, with the elimination of poverty and hunger and human life being extended. Medicine would be revolutionized by new treatments developed and “nanobots” circulating throughout the human body that would repair damage and prevent disease and aging.
Keratinocyte growth factor is required for hair development but not for wound healing. (1996)

Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), also known as fibroblast growth factor 7 (FGF7), is synthesized by skin fibroblasts. However, its mitogenic activity is on skin keratinocytes, where it is the most potent growth factor identified thus far. To explore KGF's function in vivo, we used embryonic stem cell technology to generate mice lacking KGF. Over time, their fur developed a matted appearance, very similar to that of the rough mouse, whose recessive mutation maps at or near the KGF locus on mouse chromosome 2. In contrast to the recently reported transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) and FGF5 knockouts, which showed defects in the follicle outer-root sheath and the hair growth cycle, respectively, the hair defect in the KGF knockout seemed to be restricted to the cells giving rise to the hair shaft. Thus, we have uncovered a third, and at least partially nonoverlapping, growth factor pathway involved in orchestrating hair follicle growth and/or differentiation. Surprisingly, the absence of KGF resulted in no abnormalities in epidermal growth or wound healing. This was true even when we engineered double knockout mice, null for both KGF and TGF-alpha, two factors that are increased dramatically in the normal wound-healing process. Whereas we found no evidence of compensatory changes at the mRNA level of wounded knockout mice, these data imply that the regulation of epidermal growth is complex and involves a number of growth stimulatory factors that go beyond what are thought to be the major paracrine and autocrine growth factors. We suggest that the redundancy in epidermal growth and wound healing is likely to stem from the vitality of these functions to the organism, a feature that is not a consideration for the hair follicle.
Influence of enviromental factors on onset of diabetes Mellitus (II): Studies with nicotine in prediabetic mice. (1983)

Some enviromental substances to which we are exposed in everyday life are involved in the onset of chronic disease. This study was performed to clarify whether nicotine plays a role in the development of diabetes mellitus(DM). We used mice in two phases of DM. Prediabetic mice (SZ mice) induced by streptozoto-cin(SZ) at a subdiabetogenic dose(50 mg/kg, iv) had normal blood glucose levels(BGL) and impared glucose tolerance (IGT). Supre-diabetic mice (CP-44) induced by the infection with a pancreatropic variant of Venezuelan encephalitis (VE) virus, CP-44, had normal BGL and diminished insulin release(DIR) in GTT. Nicotine administration was performed by 2 routes: ip (0.03-0.4 mg/kg/day) and po, ad libitum (ab. 10 and 42 mg/kg/day). In ip-groups, prediabetic SZ mice (ICR) showed significantly high BGL at 0.1 mg of nicotine for 1 month;but 6 months later, SZ mice administered nicotine at the dose of 0.4 mg/kg/day recovered. Supredi a bet ic CP-44 mice (ICR) showed significantly high BGL at 0.1 mg of nicotine for 1 month and recovered at higher doses of nicotine by 6 months. In po-groups in which C D F -j mice were used, all SZ mice administered nicotine showed significantly higher BGL. CP-44 mice showed significantly higher BGL, regardless of nicotine administration. The pathology and other biochemical alterations are under the study.
Corrections to “On the Suitability of a High-$k$ Gate Dielectric in Nanoscale FinFET CMOS Technology” (2009)

In the above titled paper (ibid., vol. 55, no. 7, pp. 1714-1719), the propagation delays in Table III are incorrect, being too long by a factor of two. Furthermore, there was a typo in the table title. The corrected table and title are presented here.
Science, innovation and society (2016)

This session focused on emerging areas in biomedical research that are of key relevance to toxicology and, therefore, may influence EFSA's work. The impact on the way risk assessment is conducted in the area of food may be through the identification of novel ways through which chemicals affect human health or through the provision of novel tools that could support regulatory assessment methods. Four topics were presented in this session. These covered areas such as epigenetics, proteomics, metabolomics and microbiomics, which are currently the subject of major research and development in systems biology and are beginning to impact on regulatory assessment approaches and methodologies. One emerging concept common to all four presentations was the importance of epigenetic changes, irrespective of whether development, neurodegeneration, ageing or cancer is considered. The epigenetic modulation of gene expression has profound effects on health and lifespan. Indeed, disruptions caused by environmental, dietary, pharmaceutical, microbial or lifestyle agents during pregnancy are key determinants responsible for major quantitative and qualitative changes in the epigenetic control of health and disease, either directly or indirectly through modulation of our gut microbiota. Although gut microbes provide energy to the body by helping in the breakdown of dietary components that are not degraded by our own digestive system, the intestinal microorganisms also produce important signalling molecules that regulate our systemic immune and metabolic responses and hence the microbiome can profoundly affect human physiology and health. A better knowledge of the different layers of information (genome, transcriptome, epigenome, proteome, metabolome and microbiome) will be paramount for our understanding of how environmental factors can impact on health and disease and will contribute to the regulatory assessment approaches and methodologies of the 21st century.
Limits of ICD-9-CM Code Usefulness in Epidemiological Studies of Contact and Other Types of Dermatitis (1998)

Aims & Scope | The leading peer-reviewed scientific journal in contact dermatitis, and the only journal in its field that publishes leading research in atopic, contact, occupational, environmental, and drug dermatitis.
Magnostics: Image-Based Search of Interesting Matrix Views for Guided Network Exploration (2016)

In this work we address the problem of retrieving potentially interesting matrix views to support the exploration of networks. We introduce Matrix Diagnostics (or Magnostics), following in spirit related approaches for rating and ranking other visualization techniques, such as Scagnostics for scatter plots. Our approach ranks matrix views according to the appearance of specific visual patterns, such as blocks and lines, indicating the existence of topological motifs in the data, such as clusters, bi-graphs, or central nodes. Magnostics can be used to analyze, query, or search for visually similar matrices in large collections, or to assess the quality of matrix reordering algorithms. While many feature descriptors for image analyzes exist, there is no evidence how they perform for detecting patterns in matrices. In order to make an informed choice of feature descriptors for matrix diagnostics, we evaluate 30 feature descriptors-27 existing ones and three new descriptors that we designed specifically for MAGNOSTICS-with respect to four criteria: pattern response, pattern variability, pattern sensibility, and pattern discrimination. We conclude with an informed set of six descriptors as most appropriate for Magnostics and demonstrate their application in two scenarios; exploring a large collection of matrices and analyzing temporal networks.
(-)-7-hydroxycassine: a new 2,6-dialkylpiperidin-3-ol alkaloid and other constituents isolated from flowers and fruits of Senna spectabilis (Fabaceae) (2013)

The phytochemical study of flowers and green fruits of Senna spectabilis furnished a new substituted 2,6-dialkylpiperidin-3-ol alkaloid, named (-)-7-hydroxycassine, along with five known piperidine alkaloids: (-)-cassine, (-)-spectaline, (-)-3-O-acetylspectaline, (-)-7-hydroxyspectaline and (-)-iso-6-spectaline. In addition to non-alkaloidal, chemical constituents from other chemical classes were also identified, including the steroid β-sitosterol, the flavonoids luteolin and 3-methoxyluteolin, the triterpene betulinic acid and trans-cinnamic acid. To our knowledge, compounds are being reported for the first time in this species.