gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
EXPLANATORY NOTES FOR CARRYING OUT ROAD WORKS. THE WATERPROOFING OF BRIDGES AND VIADUCTS WITH REINFORCED BITUMINOUS MEMBRANES (1976)

The waterproofing techniques most widely used in Italy in recent years are: (a) flexible membranes of synthetic resin (epoxy or polyester) base, extended with tar to improve flexibility; (b) bituminous sheathing prefabricated in rolls or constructed on site and applied hot to beams previously treated with a bituminous adhesion primer; and (C) hot poured synthetic mastic asphalt to form a protective layer on concrete slabs. Experience over the last eight years in the use of these methods on IRI motorways in Italy, is reviewed, and the results of laboratory tests (adhesion, fraas breaking point, penetration and punch test) are shown. Polyester fibres (random or woven) have to date given the best results as reinforcement in waterproofing courses for highway applications. Other artificial fibres, polyamide and polypropylene, are also shown to perform better in these applications than glass or natural fibres such as jute. /TRRL/
Hybrid P-chiral diphosphines for asymmetric hydrogenation (1999)

A family of diphosphine ligands has been prepared by Michael addition of o-anisylphenyl phosphide to diethyl vinylphosphonate and elaboration to phospholanes based on hexane-2,5-diol or mannitol; some preliminary results of Rh-complex catalysed hydrogenations are reported.
BTB-POZ transcription factors recruit the E3 ubiquitin ligase Cullin 3 to initiate lymphoid effector programs (111.38) (2012)

Abstract The differentiation of several T and B cell effector programs in the immune system is directed by signature transcription factors that induce rapid epigenetic remodeling. We report that PLZF, the BTB-POZ transcription factor directing the innate-like effector program of NKT thymocytes was prominently associated with cullin 3 (Cul3), an E3 ubiquitin ligase previously shown to use BTB domain-containing proteins as adaptors for substrate binding. PLZF induced the transport of Cul3 from the cytosol to the nucleus where the two proteins were associated within a chromatin associated/modifier protein complex. Furthermore, PLZF expression in thymocytes resulted in selective changes of ubiquitination of multiple components of this complex. Cul3 was also found associated with another BTB-POZ transcription factor, Bcl6, which directs the B cell germinal center program. Conditional deletion in mice demonstrated an absolute, cell-intrinsic requirement of Cul3 for the development of NKT cells and germinal center B cell responses. We conclude that distinct lineage-specific BTB-POZ transcription factors recruit Cul3 to alter the ubiquitination pattern of their associated chromatin associated/modifier complex. We propose that this novel function is essential to direct the differentiation of several T and B lymphocyte effector programs, and may also be involved in the oncogenic role of PLZF and Bcl6 in leukemias and lymphomas.
Simultaneous measurement of blood and myocardial velocity in the rat heart by phase contrast MRI using sparse q‐space sampling (2005)

The successful measurements of blood and myocardial velocity during normal myocardial function may be extended to quantify pathological cardiac changes in animal models of human cardiac disease.
Chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol nanofibrous membranes: towards green super-adsorbents for toxic gases (2019)

Removal of hazardous gases from the atmosphere has become a big challenge for scientists and engineers alike. Eco-friendly nature of biopolymers has given a new dimension to the debate within the environmental science area but attempts mainly failed to cleanse the air stream of toxic gases as a consequence of design imperfections. In this work, green electrospun nanofibrous membranes based on chitosan (Cs)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composite with a very high carbon monoxide adsorption capacity (much higher than the values one may expect from activated carbon and zeolite adsorbents, and also higher than that of the metal-organic framework) are developed. 2<sup>k-1</sup> factorial design, response surface and desirability function analyses are merged to optimize the electrospinning parameters for functional-based carbon monoxide elimination. The best Cs/PVA adsorbent obtained through multi-objective optimization has a very high desirability value level of 0.953. Optimized electrospinning parameters are: Voltage = 17 kV, spinning distance = 13 cm, flow rate = 0.2 mL/h, and PVA concentration = 6 wt.%; and optimized properties are: maximum thermal stability = 329 °C, minimum fiber diameter = 9.8 nm, and maximum surface area = 2204 m<sup>2</sup>/g. This work opens a new era for taking the next steps towards the design and optimization of green super-adsorbents for gaseous contaminations.
Measuring the Total Economic Value of Restoring Ecosystem Services in Erhai Lake Basin: Results from a Contingent Valuation Survey (2012)

The contingent valuation method is one of the most significant approaches of non-market valuation techniques and has been used widely. The authors take it as a tool to analyze the economic benefits of restoring ecosystem service in an impaired river basin， Erhai lake basin. To obtain accurate benefit estimates using CVM technique requires detailed descriptions of the resources being valued. Results from 100 in-person interviews indicate that 84.7% of the households in Erhai lake basin would like to pay for restoring the ecosystem services of Erhai. The analysis of the payment card data shows that the average willingness to pay (WTP) is 80.325 RMB Yuan per household per year. The annual aggregate benefits of restoring ecosystem services of Erhai lake Basin is at least 6.426×107 RMB Yuan，calculated by the number of the households about 800,000 in the Erhai lake basin. This result is a conservative estimate for the economic value of restoring the ecosystem services of Erhai lake basin because of the positive externalities of restoring the ecosystem services on the outside of Erhai lake basin.
CpG-DNA upregulates the major acute-phase proteins SAA and SAP (1999)

The acute-phase response is an immediate reaction of the host against invading microorganisms. We show here that oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) containing a CpG motif rapidly induce the major murine acute-phase proteins in vivo, i.e. serum amyloid A (SAA) and serum amyloid P (SAP). Serum levels of these proteins are elevated within 12 h and peak at 24 h after the injection of CpG-ODN or endotoxin. Liver cells produce the proteins with the same kinetics. Injection of interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-1beta and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) induces SAA and SAP in vivo, but the CpG-ODN-mediated induction does not depend on the presence of the TNF receptor p55, as the acute-phase response in TNF receptor p55-deficient mice does not differ from that of wild-type mice. Aside from CpG-ODN, bacterial genomic DNA also induces the acute-phase response in LPS-resistant C3H/Hej mice. The induction of the major acute-phase proteins SAA and SAP is blocked by the simultaneous injection of CpG-ODN together with D-galactosamine (D-GalN). As D-GalN sensitizes the host for the toxic effects of TNF-alpha, a possible mechanism could be the prevention of synthesis of the major acute-phase proteins SAA and SAP.
Analysis of reabsorbate concentrations in the proximal tubules of dog kidneys during osmotic diuresis (1989)

To examine to what extent the reabsorbate concentrations, calculated as the flux ratios between solutes and water, represent the fluid composition in the lateral intercellular space (LIS) in the proximal tubules, reabsorption was stimulated by elevating PCO2 from 5 to 13 kPa before and during infusion of mannitol to a plasma concentration of 70 mM in volume-expanded dogs receiving ethacrynic acid. The reabsorbate concentration of NaHCO3 increased by 50 mM during mannitol infusion. The real concentration of NaHCO3 in LIS could not, however, be elevated by this amount, since the driving forces for fluid reabsorption then would have increased during osmotic diuresis due to diffusion of mannitol into LIS from plasma. A model analysis of diffusion in LIS showed that transcellular transport can only lead to trivial increases of LIS concentrations compared to plasma, whereas diffusion across tight junctions can increase LIS concentrations by several mM. NaCl diffusion and coupled transcellular water transport may therefore represent a significant contribution to total bicarbonate-dependent NaCl and water reabsorption in the proximal tubules.
Model-based 3-D Shape and Motion Estimation Using Sliding Textures (2001)

Given an accurate 3-D shape model of a scene, the motion parameters of a moving camera can be recovered with high accuracy using model-based motion estimation techniques. Shape errors, however, reduce the accuracy of this kind of motion estimation considerably. In this paper, model-based motion estimation is combined with simultaneous object shape refinement. A deformable 3-D shape model of low dimensionality is employed to approximate the object shape. Camera position and orientation for all views as well as object shape refinements are estimated simultaneously from the image data using an optical-flow-based approach. In comparison to traditional flexible body motion estimation, our formulation of the shape deformation allows the object texture to slide on the object surface. Experimental results illustrate that combined shape and motion estimation using sliding textures improves the calibration data of the individual views in comparison to fixed-shape modelbased camera motion estimation. 1
Epitope-based chimeric peptide vaccine design against S, M and E proteins of SARS-CoV-2 etiologic agent of global pandemic COVID-19: an in silico approach (2020)

Abstract Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of the ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a public health emergency of international concern declared by the World Health Organization (WHO). An immuno-informatics approach along with comparative genomic was applied to design a multi-epitope-based peptide vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 combining the antigenic epitopes of the S, M and E proteins. The tertiary structure was predicted, refined and validated using advanced bioinformatics tools. The candidate vaccine showed an average of ≥ 90.0% world population coverage for different ethnic groups. Molecular docking of the chimeric vaccine peptide with the immune receptors (TLR3 and TLR4) predicted efficient binding. Immune simulation predicted significant primary immune response with increased IgM and secondary immune response with high levels of both IgG1 and IgG2. It also increased the proliferation of T-helper cells and cytotoxic T-cells along with the increased INF-γ and IL-2 cytokines. The codon optimization and mRNA secondary structure prediction revealed the chimera is suitable for high-level expression and cloning. Overall, the constructed recombinant chimeric vaccine candidate demonstrated significant potential and can be considered for clinical validation to fight against this global threat, COVID-19.
Increasing Our Insular World View: Interoception and Psychopathology for Psychotherapists (2017)

Interoception has been determined to be an elemental aspect of the neural foundations of physiological homeostasis, subjective experience, and motivated behavior. This paper reviews current neuroscience research regarding interoception and forms of interoceptive dysfunction that may result in psychopathology, focusing on depression, and anxiety, in a manner conducive to psychotherapists engaging with it to consider clinical applications. Pertinent aspects of interoceptive system processes in relation to psychopathology are addressed: Functional interoceptive ability and the forms of its expression, the difficulty of accurate measurement of such within an individual or group, interoceptive inference processes and perturbations. Predictive coding, considered in this context as interoceptive inference, a process that integrates bottom-up and top down lines of neural information emerging from the multitude of bidirectional, anatomically hierarchical connections the insular cortex makes with other cortical, and subcortical structures, will be addressed regarding its place in psychopathological formulations. Clinical vignettes will elucidate how interoceptive disturbances might present in the therapeutic relationship, supporting the evaluation and application of scientific theory, and research findings by psychotherapists. The clinical implications of this neuroscientific research have received little attention in the psychotherapeutic setting. Increasing the knowledge base of psychotherapists and furthering awareness of the functional interactions of body and brain toward the creation of healthy and psychopathological experience benefits the patient. There is immediate need for the translational expression of scientific findings into the psychological evaluation of patients, therapeutic process, and treatment. While it may seem distant and unrelated to the affective processes that occur within the psychotherapeutic exchange, neuroscience adds a unique perspective from which to observe and live such experience for the therapist and patient. With the therapeutic relationship as the backdrop, a scientific perspective will support psychotherapists' comprehension of their patients' experience and the process of change, either through direct information, or the development of different perspectives from which to observe and interact with their patients. This paper will serve not only as a guide for psychotherapists concerning this expanding knowledge base, but also a source for neuroscience researchers intent on formulating research protocols that could produce clinical benefit.
Biohydrogen production as a potential energy fuel in South Africa (2015)

Biohydrogen production has captured increasing global attention due to it social, economic and environmental benefits. Over the past few years, energy demands have been growing significantly in South Africa due to rapid economic and population growth. The South African parastatal power supplier i.e. Electricity Supply Commission (ESKOM) has been unable to meet the country’s escalating energy needs. As a result, there have been widespread and persistent power cuts throughout the country. This prompts an urgent need for exploration and implementation of clean and sustainable energy fuels like biohydrogen production in order to address this crisis. Therefore, this paper discusses the current global energy challenges in relation to South Africa’s problems. It then examines the feasibility of using biohydrogen production as a potential energy fuel in South Africa. Finally, it reviews the hydrogen-infrastructure development plans in the country.
Shape-Persistent, Fluorescent Polyphenylene Dyads and a Triad for Efficient Vectorial Transduction of Excitation Energy This research was supported by the TMR European Research Program through the SISITOMAS project, the Volkswagen-Stiftung, and the Bundesministerium für Bildung and Forschung. We also thank S. Spang and C. Beer for support in the synthetic work. (2002)

Dendritische Multichromophore auf der Grundlage eines starren Polyphenylen-Gerüstes enthalten bis zu drei verschiedene Rylen-Chromophore: im fokalen Punkt, im Gerüst und an der Peripherie des Dendrimers. Dadurch wird ein Energiegradient zwischen der Peripherie und dem Dendrimerkern erzeugt, und intramolekularer Transfer von Anregungsenergie wird möglich (siehe schematische Darstellung).
Six-Minute-Walk Distance Predicts Waiting List Survival in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (2006)

Lower 6MWD was strongly and independently associated with an increased mortality rate for wait-listed patients classified as having IPF. 6MWD was a better predictor of death at 6 mo than was FVC % predicted.
Interferon-Gamma in Trypanosoma cruzi Infections (2020)

The life cycle of T. cruzi involves passage through a hematophagous insect host which transmits the infection to humans and other mammals through the process of feeding. Humans also acquire infection via blood transfusion or transplacentally. Trypanosoma cruzi is a flagellate protozoan of major medical importance. It causes Chagas’ disease, which is a major health problem in many Latin American countries. It is a leading cause of infectious heart disease. The factors determining whether chronic disease will develop, or whether the infection will persist in an indeterminate form, are not known. It is clear from animal models that both parasite and host differences may influence the outcome of infection. The ability of B cells or serum to passively confer resistance to acute disease appears to depend somewhat on how immune status was achieved in the donors. Once inside the host macrophage, the parasite transforms to the amastigote stage.
‘Hidden’ occupational allergens such as additives (2018)

A high level of suspicion and awareness about the potential hidden allergens is necessary to ascertain the allergens implicated. It is of utmost importance to identify the specific eliciting agents of the occupational diseases in order to avoid strictly further exposure to them.
A 5-GHz, variable gain, SiGe low noise amplifier (2004)

A bipolar low noise amplifier (LNA) is described in this work. The IC contains the LNA core, an externally programmed bias network, a voltage divider, an LC tank and inductors to set the input impedance. The externally programmed bias network allows the user to select the bias current in an adaptive manner, depending upon the requirements of the individual system. (Low NF, high gain, low consumption etc). The chip can be powered down by sending an appropriate bit stream to the bias network. The tuned amplifier using a parallel LC network provides selective amplification and lower power consumption. The produced gain is 15 dB while the NF is 2.1 dB for moderate power consumption. The IIP3 is -7 dB and the P/sub 1dB/ is -17 dB. The power consumption from a single 5-V supply is 3.4 mA for the low gain mode and 13 mA for the high gain mode.
IEEE Standard for Floating-Point Arithmetic (2008)

This standard specifies interchange and arithmetic formats and methods for binary and decimal floating-point arithmetic in computer programming environments. This standard specifies exception conditions and their default handling. An implementation of a floating-point system conforming to this standard may be realized entirely in software, entirely in hardware, or in any combination of software and hardware. For operations specified in the normative part of this standard, numerical results and exceptions are uniquely determined by the values of the input data, sequence of operations, and destination formats, all under user control.
Glass polyalkenoate cements based on simple CaO–Al2O3–SiO2 glasses (2014)

Glass polyalkenoate/ionomer cements formed from reacting CaO–Al 2 O 3 –SiO 2 glasses with aqueous poly(acrylic acid) were investigated. Five glasses were investigated based on (1– X)CaO(1– X)Al 2 O 3 (2+2 X)SiO 2 (0≤ X≤0·36) with varying Al/Si ratios. The cement properties were found to be highly dependant on the Al/Si ratio of the glass. The setting and working times of the cements decreased, while the compressive strength increased with Al/Si ratio. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that rate of set defined as change of the ratio of the carboxylate to carboxylic acid absorption bands up to first hour of the setting increased with increasing Al/Si ratio. 27 Al magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS-NMR) showed that the ratio of Al(VI)/Al(IV) in the cements increased with the Al/Si ratio of glass in presence of tartaric acid. The reactivity of these glasses increased with increasing Al/Si ratio consistently with the rate controlling role of acid hydrolysis of Al–O–Si bonds in the setting of the cements.
Properties of ToughMet® 3 Copper-Nickel-Tin Alloy for Oxygen Enriched Atmosphere Applications (2016)

ToughMet® 3, a high-performance copper-nickel-tin alloy, provides many advantages in demanding end-use applications ranging from aerospace sleeve and spherical bearings to oil and gas drilling components to industrial bearings such as heavy equipment wear plates or transmission thrust washers. ToughMet® 3 is spinodally hardened for high strength and hardness. It is designed to resist mechanical wear, galling, stress relaxation, corrosion, and erosion. It is nonmagnetic and easy to machine into complex components. In this paper, the mechanical properties and promoted ignition combustion behavior of ToughMet® 3, which make it ideally suited for applications in high-pressure oxygen enriched atmospheres, are discussed.
Mu Opiates Inhibit Long-Term Potentiation Induction in the Spinal Cord Slice (2001)

Long-term potentiation (LTP) involves a prolonged increase in neuronal excitability following repeated afferent input. This phenomenon has been extensively studied in the hippocampus as a model of learning and memory. Similar long-term increases in neuronal responses have been reported in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord following intense primary afferent stimulation. In these studies, we utilized the spinal cord slice preparation to examine effects of the potently antinociceptive mu opioids in modulating primary afferent/dorsal horn neurotransmission as well as LTP of such transmission. Transverse slices were made from the lumbar spinal cord of 10- to 17-day-old rats, placed in a recording chamber, and perfused with artificial cerebrospinal fluid also containing bicuculline (10 microM) and strychnine (1 microM). Primary afferent activation was achieved in the spinal slice by electrical stimulation of the dorsal root (DR) or the tract of Lissauer (LT) which is known to contain a high percentage of small diameter fibers likely to transmit nociception. Consistent with this anatomy, response latencies of LT-evoked field potentials in the dorsal horn were considerably slower than the response latencies of DR-evoked potentials. Only LT-evoked field potentials were found to be reliably inhibited by the mu opioid receptor agonist [D-Ala(2), N-Me-Phe(4), Gly(5)] enkephalin-ol (DAMGO, 1 microM), although evoked potentials from both DR and LT were blocked by the AMPA/kainate glutamate receptor antagonist 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxalene-2,3-dione. Moreover repeated stimulation of LT produced LTP of LT- but not DR-evoked potentials. In contrast, repeated stimulation of DR showed no reliable LTP. LTP of LT-evoked potentials depended on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor activity, in that it was attenuated by the NMDA antagonist APV. Moreover, such LTP was inhibited by DAMGO interfering with LTP induction mechanisms. Finally, in whole cell voltage-clamp studies of Lamina I neurons, DAMGO inhibited excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) response amplitudes from LT stimulation-evoked excitatory amino acid release but not from glutamate puffed onto the cell and increased paired-pulse facilitation of EPSCs evoked by LT stimulation. These studies suggest that mu opioids exert their inhibitory effects presynaptically, likely through the inhibition of glutamate release from primary afferent terminals, and thereby inhibit the induction of LTP in the spinal dorsal horn.