gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
How CSMA/CA With Deferral Affects Performance and Dynamics in Power-Line Communications (2016)

Power-line communications (PLC) are becoming a key component in home networking, because they provide easy and high-throughput connectivity. The dominant MAC protocol for high data-rate PLC, the IEEE 1901, employs a CSMA/CA mechanism similar to the backoff process of 802.11. Existing performance evaluation studies of this protocol assume that the backoff processes of the stations are independent (the so-called decoupling assumption). However, in contrast to 802.11, 1901 stations can change their state after sensing the medium busy, which is regulated by the so-called deferral counter. This mechanism introduces strong coupling between the stations and, as a result, makes existing analyses inaccurate. In this paper, we propose a performance model for 1901, which does not rely on the decoupling assumption. We prove that our model admits a unique solution for a wide range of configurations and confirm the accuracy of the model using simulations. Our results show that we outperform current models based on the decoupling assumption. In addition to evaluating the performance in steady state, we further study the transient dynamics of 1901, which is also affected by the deferral counter.
Cloning and molecular analysis of genes affecting expression of binding substance, the recipient-encoded receptor(s) mediating mating aggregate formation in Enterococcus faecalis (1993)

Transfer of the conjugative plasmid pCF10 in Enterococcus faecalis strains involves production of a plasmid-encoded aggregation substance on the surface of donor cells in response to stimulation by a pheromone secreted by recipient cells. Aggregation substance then facilitates attachment to recipient cells via a chromosomally encoded receptor, termed binding substance (BS). A BS mutant, strain INY3000, generated by random Tn916 insertions, was previously found to carry copies of the transposon at four unique sites (K. M. Trotter and G. M. Dunny, Plasmid 24:57-67, 1990). In the present study, DNA flanking the Tn916 insertions was used to complement the BS mutation of INY3000 following Tn916 excision from cloned chromosomal fragments. Complementation results showed that three of the four regions mutated in INY3000 play some role in BS expression. Tn5 mutagenesis and DNA sequence analysis of the complementing fragment from one of these regions indicated the presence of three genes (ebsA, ebsB, and ebsC) that affect BS expression. The ebsA and ebsB genes encode peptides likely to function in cell wall metabolism, whereas ebsC may encode a product that suppresses the function or expression of EbsB.
영국 보수당의 근로연계복지정책 -고용프로그램(Work Programme)의 구조와 특성- (2015)

21세기 초에 성장과 분배를 연계시킨 ‘자본주의 4.0’의 모델이 모색되어지는 가운데, 영국 보수당은 시장을 통한 성장과 (큰 국가가 아니라) ‘큰 사회’를 통한 복지를 결합하려 했다. 이 ‘큰 사회론’의 가장 핵심적인 정책이 보수당의 근로연계복지 정책인 고용프로그램이다. 고용프로그램에서는 정부와 계약을 맺은 민간 부문, 자발적 부문, 공공 부문의 단체들이 고용연금부-수위계약기관-1차/2차 하청계약기관(고용을 위한 전 과정 서비스/특별 맞춤 서비스 제공)이라는 공급 체인을 형성하여 실업자들에게 통합적인 고용 지원 서비스를 제공한다. 정부는 공급자들과 장기 계약을 맺음으로써 고용 지원 서비스 사업에 장기 투자를 단행했다. 또한 정부는 공급자들의 고용 지원 서비스 제공에 ‘블랙박스’ 위탁 원칙을 적용하여 이들에게 큰 폭의 재량권을 부여하고, 고용 성공 및 유지 기간에 따라 성과금을 지불하는 성과기반 지불 체계를 적용하여, 서비스 공급자들이 열심히 일하도록 유도했다. 동시에 차등 성과금 지불체계를 통해 공급자가 (재)고용 준비도가 낮은 사람들을 우선적으로 도와주도록 장려했다. 보수당은 고용프로그램을 통해 모든 복지 수당 수령을 구직 노력과 철저히 연계시키고, 통합수당을 통해 각종 수당을 단순화하고 유급 일자리에 대한 보상을 늘리려 했다. 이로써 고용프로그램은 실업과 ‘일하지 않음,’ 복지 의존도, 공공 지출을 축소하고, 대신 고용증진을 통한 빈곤의 탈출과 개인의 책임감과 독립성의 향상을 지향하고 있다.
The N‐Cyclopropylimine‐1‐Pyrroline Photorearrangement as a Synthetic Tool: Scope and Limitations. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Atomic Layer Etching of AlF3 Using Sequential, Self-Limiting Thermal Reactions with Sn(acac)2 and Hydrogen Fluoride (2015)

The atomic layer etching (ALE) of AlF3 was demonstrated using sequential thermal reactions with Sn(acac)2 and hydrogen fluoride (HF) as the reactants. AlF3 ALE is the first example of the thermal ALE of a metal fluoride. AlF3 ALE was investigated using in situ quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) measurements at temperatures from 150 to 250 °C. The QCM studies observed that AlF3 was etched linearly with atomic level precision versus number of sequential reactant cycles. QCM investigations also revealed that the sequential Sn(acac)2 and HF reactions were self-limiting versus reactant exposure. The FTIR spectroscopic analysis observed AlF3 etching by monitoring the loss of absorbance of Al–F stretching vibrations in the AlF3 film. The FTIR studies also suggested that the Sn(acac)2 reaction is self-limiting because of the buildup of acac-containing species on the AlF3 surface. The QCM measurements determined that the mass change per cycle (MCPC) increased with temperature from −2.0 ng/(cm2 cycle) at 150 °C to −18.2 ng/(cm2 cycle) at 250 °C. These MCPC values are equivalent to etch rates from 0.069 Å/cycle at 150 °C to 0.63 Å/cycle at 250 °C. In the proposed reaction mechanism for AlF3 ALE, the Sn(acac)2 reactant accepts fluorine from AlF3 and donates acac to the surface. This reaction is believed to yield SnF(acac) and AlF(acac)2 as volatile reaction products. The QCM and FTIR results suggest that the HF reaction converts AlF2(acac)* surface intermediates to AlF3* and volatile acacH reaction products. The ALE of other metal fluorides using Sn(acac)2 and HF should be possible by a similar mechanism.
Steroid-Induced Ocular Hypertension in Normal Cattle (2004)

Bovine eyes exhibit a robust steroid-induced ocular hypertensive response, with 100% occurrence in this trial. The IOP elevation caused by corticosteroid slowly subsides after discontinuation of treatment. Clinical Relevance The mechanisms of steroid-induced glaucoma may be related to those involved in primary open-angle glaucoma and could provide the clues to elucidate the pathogenesis of the latter. The high prevalence of corticosteroid-induced elevation of IOP in the cow and the large amount of tissue available will permit studies on the mechanism of this phenomenon not previously possible.
B lymphocyte binding to E- and P-selectins is mediated through the de novo expression of carbohydrates on in vitro and in vivo activated human B cells. (1994)

Cell adhesion to endothelium regulates the trafficking and recruitment of leukocytes towards lymphoid organs and sites of inflammation. This phenomenon is mediated by the expression of a number of adhesion molecules on both the endothelium and circulating cells. Activation of endothelial cells (EC) with different stimuli induces the expression of several adhesion molecules (E- and P-selectins, ICAM-1, VCAM-1), involved in their interaction with circulating cells. In this report, we have studied the binding of nonactivated and activated B cells to purified E- and P-selectins. Activated but not resting B cells were able to interact with both selectins. This binding capacity of activated B cells paralleled the induction of different carbohydrate epitopes (Lewisx, sialyl-Lewisx, CD57 and CDw65) as well as other molecules bearing these or related epitopes in myeloid cells (L-selectin, alpha L beta 2 and alpha X beta 2 integrins, and CD35) involved in the interaction of different cell types with selectins. B cells infiltrating inflamed tissues like in Hashimoto's thyroiditis, also expressed these selectin-binding carbohydrates in parallel with the expression of E-selectin by surrounding follicular dendritic cells. Moreover, the crosslinking of these selectin-binding epitopes resulted in an increased binding of B cells to different integrin ligands. Thus, in addition to the involvement of integrins, E- and P-selectins could play an important role in the interaction of B lymphocytes with the endothelium during B cell extravasation into lymphoid tissues and inflammatory foci as well as in their organization into lymphoid organs.
Correlation Effects in the Compton Profile of Silicon (1998)

Ab initio nonlocal pseudopotential variational quantum Monte Carlo techniques are used to compute the correlation effects on the valence momentum density and Compton profile of silicon. Our results for this case are in excellent agreement with the Lam-Platzman correction computed within the local density approximation. Within the approximations used, we rule out valence electron correlations as the dominant source of discrepancies between calculated and measured Compton profiles of silicon.
Aberrant A 2A receptor function in peripheral blood cells in Huntington's disease (2003)

A2A adenosine receptors specifically found on striatal medium spiny neurons play a major role in sensory motor function and may also be involved in neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. One hypothesis concerning Huntington's disease (HD) proposes that an imbalance of the cortico-striatal pathway, due to the mutation in the HD gene, leads to striatal vulnerability. An A2A receptor dysfunction has been previously demonstrated in striatal cells engineered to express mutant huntingtin. Here we tested whether a similar dysfunction (i.e., the binding and functional parameters of A2A adenosine receptors) is present in peripheral blood cells (platelets, lymphocytes, and neutrophils) of subjects carrying the mutant gene. This study involved 48 heterozygous and three homozygous patients compared with 58 healthy subjects. Moreover, we selected seven at-risk mutation carriers. A2A receptor density and function are substantially increased in peripheral blood cells from both patients and subjects at the presymptomatic stage. In the neutrophils of the three homozygous HD subjects receptor dysfunction was higher than in heterozygotes. These data indicate the existence of an aberrant A2A receptor phenotype in the peripheral blood cells of subjects carrying the HD mutation. Future studies will assess whether this parameter can be exploited as a peripheral biomarker of Huntington's disease.
The pharmacokinetics of oxycodone and its metabolites following single oral doses of Remoxy®, an abuse-deterrent formulation of extended-release oxycodone, in patients with hepatic or renal impairment (2015)

As renal or hepatic function decreased, oxycodone Cmax and AUC(0-t) were up to approximately twofold higher following single, oral doses of extended-release Remoxy. AEs were those typically reported for opioids. Lower doses of Remoxy may thus be safely prescribed to subjects with renal or hepatic impairment.
Editorial: Hematopoietic cell function—a matter of age (2013)

Abstract Discussion on the function of hematopoietic cells, focusing on neutrophils, monocytes, and platelets during human ontogeny.
Role of ex-vessel interactions in determining the severe reactor-accident source term for fission products. [PWR; BWR] (1983)

The role fission-product release and aerosol generation outside the primary system can have in determining the severe reactor-accident source term is reviewed. Recent analytical and experimental studies of major causes of ex-vessel fission product release and aerosol generation are described. The ejection of molten-core debris from a pressurized-reactor vessel is shown to be a potentially large source of aerosols that has not been recognized in past severe-accident evaluations. A mechanistic model of fission-product release during core-debris interactions with concrete is discussed. Calculations with this model are compared to correlations of experimental data and previous estimates of ex-vessel fission-product release. Predictions with the mechanistic model agree quite well with the data correlations but do not agree at all well with estimates made in the past.
The mechanics of rubber elasticity (1976)

Abstract The mechanical properties of a rubber may conveniently be represented in terms of the strain energy W, which in Rivlin’s notation is expressed as a function of the strain invariants I1 and I2. The experiments of Rivlin &amp; Saunders indicated that ∂W/∂I1 was approximately constant while ∂W/∂I2 varied with I2, in contrast to the Mooney equation, according to which both ∂W/∂I1 and ∂W/∂I2 are constant. More recently it has been proposed by Valanis &amp; Landel that W may be expressible in terms of separate functions w(λi) of the principal extension ratios λi This hypo­ thesis appears to be borne out experimentally, and gives promise of a more accurate analysis of experimental measurements. Application to recent data enables w(λi) to be expressed as an explicit algebraic function, from which it appears that the earlier conclusions of Rivlin &amp; Saunders require some modification in detail.
A Flexible Theory for Catalysis: Learning Alkaline Oxygen Reduction on Complex Solid Solutions within the Ag-Pd-Pt-Ru Composition Space (2023)

Compositionally complex materials such as high-entropy alloys and oxides have the potential to be efficient platforms for catalyst discovery because of the vast chemical space spanned by these novel materials. Identifying the composition of the most active catalyst materials, however, requires unraveling the descriptor-activity relationship, as experimental screening the multitude of possible element ratios quickly becomes a daunting task. In this work, we show that inferred adsorption energy distributions of *OH and *O on complex solid solution surfaces within the space spanned by the system Ag-Pd-Pt-Ru are coupled to the experimentally observed electrocatalytic performance for the oxygen reduction reaction. In total, the catalytic activity of 1582 alloy compositions is predicted with a cross-validated mean absolute error of 0.042 mA/cm2 by applying a theory-derived model with only two adjustable parameters. Trends in the discrepancies between predicted electrochemical performance values of the model and the measured values on thin film surfaces subsequently provide insight into the alloys’ surface compositions during reaction conditions. Bridging this gap between computationally modeled and experimentally observed catalytic activities, not only reveals insight into the underlying theory of catalysis but also takes a step closer to realizing exploration and exploitation of high-entropy materials.
Changes in RNA in relation to growth of the fibroblast. IV. Alterations in theproduction and processing of mRNA and rRNA in resting and growing cells. (1976)

In previous reports, it was shown that both the concentration and rate of production of rRNA and mRNA were greater in growing than in resting 3T6 fibroblasts. Studies on isolated nuclei indicated that ribosomal RNA production is apparently controlled at the level of transcription. In contrast, hnRNA, the putative precursor of mRNA, appeared to be synthesized at the same rate in resting and growing cells. This finding was unexpected and has been tested in several ways. In this report, we show by an independent method that the relative rate of production of mRNA compared to hnRNA is several-fold higher in growing than in resting cells. However, the kinetics of processing of mRNA appear unchanged. This result suggests either that mRNA arises from a small subfraction of hnRNA or that the efficiency of processing of the hnRNA precursor is an important control mechanism which determines mRNA production ingrowing and resting states. Comparison of the initial rates of labeling of hnRNA and cytoplasmic message gives the efficiency with which the cytoplasmic mRNA is produced from nucleoplasmic RNA. The very low efficiency (3-4% in growing and 1-2% in resting cells) suggests that not every hnRNA molecule gives rise to a cytoplasmic message. In contrast to the similar kinetics of mRNA production in resting and growing states, processing of ribosomal RNA is much slower in the resting state and the emergence time for 28S RNA from nucleolus is greatly lengthened.
A survey and taxonomy of infrastructure as a service and web hosting cloud providers (2009)

With an increasing number of providers claiming to offer Cloud infrastructures, there is a lack in the community for a common terminology, accompanied by a clear definition and classification of Cloud features. We conduct in this paper a survey on a selection of Cloud providers, and propose a taxonomy of eight important Cloud computing elements covering service type, resource deployment, hardware, runtime tuning, business model, middleware, and performance. We conclude that the provisioning of Service Level Agreements as utilities, of open and interoperable middleware solutions, as well as of sustained performance metrics for high-performance computing applications are three elements with the highest need of further community research.
Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of ginkgo terpene lactone raw material by HPLC/Q-TOF MS combined with HPLC-DAD-ELSD (2014)

Characterization and identification of chemical components in GTL by HPLC/Q-TOF MS/MS combined with online valve switching.
In-depth studies on the modifying effects of natural ageing on the chemical structure of European spruce (Picea abies) and silver fir (Abies alba) woods (2020)

Abstract Wood is usually stable under relatively dry conditions but may still undergo slow deterioration. The type of deterioration and how these processes affect the wood are important questions that need consideration if old wooden structures are to be studied and properly preserved. The aim of this paper is to establish the main structural and morphological differences between new and naturally aged European spruce (~ 150–200 years) and silver fir wood (~ 150 years). Naturally aged European spruce (a) was sourced from an outdoor part of a building constructed in the seventeenth century and naturally aged European spruce (b) were obtained from a furniture item located in a historical building from the eighteenth century. The principal age-induced changes in fir are the degradation of C–O and C=O groups in hemicellulose, according to the FTIR analysis. Degradation of cellulose and hemicelluloses was observed for spruce, with a greater effect seen in the indoor aged sample. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that after aging C–C/C–H peaks were smaller in the spruce and fir samples, while C–O and O–C–O peaks were larger. The crystallinity index (CrI) obtained by X-ray diffraction showed that due to weathering the CrI of naturally aged spruce (a) increased compared to the new wood. The CrI of the aged spruce (b) and aged fir was lower than in the new woods. The ratios for the spruce sample, which aged indoors, were higher than those for the one aged outdoors. According to the observations made in this study, hemicellulose and cellulose are easily degraded under environmental conditions.
Microfluidic enrichment of a target cell type from a heterogenous suspension by adhesion-based negative selection (2009)

The enrichment or isolation of a selected type of cells in a heterogeneous suspension is challenging when the surface markers of these cells are not completely known. Here, we present a 3-stage arrangement of peptide-coated microfluidic channels that can recover a small number of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) from a heterogenous suspension by negative selection depletion of the non-target cell types.
Transfer of Lipophilic Drugs from Nanoemulsions into Lipid-Containing Alginate Microspheres (2021)

Knowledge about the release behavior and drug retention properties of colloidal carriers is of essential importance for quality control as well as to predict in vivo performance. When conducting release studies from such systems, the release media should preferentially contain lipophilic acceptor components in order to mimic physiological conditions. In this study, transfer from a trimyristin nanoemulsion into lipid-containing hydrogel beads was investigated for fenofibrate, cannabidiol, retinyl acetate, orlistat, and lumefantrine. To generate the acceptor system, a trimyristin nanoemulsion was incorporated into Ca-alginate microspheres (mean diameter ~40 µm) with a spraying method. Using this approach, the advantages of small lipophilic acceptor particles with a large interfacial area were combined with a single separation process from the donor via a filtration step. The method was applicable to distinguish between fast (fenofibrate) and slow drug transfer (lumefantrine) with good time resolution. Lipophilicity, estimated according to the calculated logP value of the respective drug, was a major factor influencing the transfer performance: the higher the logP value, the slower the transfer. This experimental setup is a promising technique to investigate the release of poorly water-soluble drugs from various types of nanocarriers under closer to physiological conditions than with many other methods currently applied.
Derivatives of some cyclic 3,4-quinolinediyl bis-sulfides withN,N-dimethylcarbamoyl andN-methyl-N-formylaminornethyl substituents in the 2-quinolinyl position (2005)

Reactions of hydrogen sulfates of quino- and diquino-annelated 1,4-dithiins 11 and 2 with DMF/hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic acid/Fe++ ion system took place at the α-quinolinyl positions and led to N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl and N-methyl-N-formylaminomethyl derivatives 6, 8, 12 and 7, 9, 13, respectively. The 1H and 13C NMR spectra of N-methyl-N-formylaminomethyl derivatives 7, 9, 13 showed the presence of rotational isomers E and Z regarding to the N-methyl-N-formylaminomethyl substituent. The spectra of 6, 7, 8, 12 and 13 were completely assigned with the use of 1D and 2D NMR techniques. In the case of rotational isomers 7a and 7b, the crucial correlations came from the NOE interaction between the methylene and methyl protons from CH2N(CH3)CHO groups and benzene-rings protons. Synthesis of 2,3-dihydro-1,4-dithiino[6,5-e]quinoline 4-oxide 14 was presented as well.
Infrared Thermographic Evaluation of Temperature Modifications Induced during Implant Site Preparation with Steel vs. Zirconia Implant Drill (2020)

The drill material has an impact on the temperature changes that occur at its apical portion during bone preparation for implant placement.
Comparison of Open and Choked Premixed Combustor Exits During Thermoacoustic Limit Cycle (2008)

This paper compares the thermoacoustic limit cycles of a premixed laboratory combustor with acoustically open and choked exits. It is shown that the form of the downstream boundary condition can have a significant effect on the combustion chamber acoustics, with both the dominant limit cycle frequencies and the acoustic mode shapes being very different for the different combustor exits. The fundamental limit cycle frequency with the choked exit in place agrees closely with that determined by the convective time scales of entropy disturbances, as argued by other authors. A novel experimental method is then developed to examine the acoustic response of an arbitrary duct termination to incident pressure and entropy perturbations, and used to measure the response of the combustor downstream boundary condition during thermoacoustic limit cycle. The reflection coefficient for the acoustically open exit matches closely the classical result for zero mean flow. It is also shown that a choked nozzle downstream of the flame generates significant sound due to the interaction of the convected entropy perturbation with the nozzle. This final result is qualitatively in keeping with an existing analytic boundary condition for a choked nozzle, even though quantitative agreement is not observed. Reasons for this discrepancy are then suggested.
Geographic Variation in Process and Outcomes of Care for Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction in China From 2001 to 2015 (2020)

In this study, significant geographic variations in process of care and outcomes were found to persist in China; further targeted and region-based approaches to AMI management are warranted.