gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Symbol-Based Space Diversity for Coded OFDM Systems (2004)

The authors present a coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (COFDM) system with multiple-input/multiple-output (multiple transmit and/or multiple receive) antennas for high-rate wireless data transmission. A symbol-based space diversity technique, which can take advantage of the inherent space diversity, is proposed. In contrast to conventional subcarrier-based space diversity, it is shown that the proposed technique can be implemented using only one discrete Fourier transform block and the same weighting coefficients for the whole OFDM symbol. This significantly reduces the system complexity while achieving almost the same diversity order as that of the traditional space diversity approach. They also propose an iterative algorithm to obtain the antenna weighting coefficients. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm converges fast and approaches the global optimal solution for most channel realizations. It is also shown that, when the proposed technique is employed in a time division duplex scenario, where the uplink and downlink channels are reciprocal, the system complexity can be further reduced.
Encapsulation and release of rhodium(II) citrate and its association complex with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin from biodegradable polymer microspheres (1999)

Rhodium(II) carboxylates and their derivatives constitute a promising class of second-generation transition metal compounds with anticancer properties. While most transition metal anticancer compounds chelate DNA and cause extensive chromosomal damage, rhodium(II) carboxylates act on the enzyme DNA polymerase alpha and hence cause minimal chromosomal damage. Rhodium(II) citrate, a recent member of the rhodium(II) carboxylate family is highly promising as an antitumor agent. However, due to its high water solubility, a high systemic dose is necessary to achieve efficacy. In this paper, we have explored the complexation of rhodium(II) citrate with hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin as a means to improve encapsulation and release kinetics from poly(dl-lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) and poly(anhydride) microspheres. We observed that complexation of rhodium(II) citrate with hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin significantly increased both the encapsulation efficiency and duration of release in both polymer systems.
The Optical System for the One Million Volt U.S. Steel Microscope Column (1967)

The design of an optical system for million volt operation extends existing practice nearly to its limits, and certainly into the area of iron saturation, and coil power limitations. Serious design problems arise from the wide range of accelerating voltage (100 to 1000 kV) provided, which are for design purposes equivalent to corrected voltages (V*) of 110 to 2000 kV. To prevent alignment problems transverse fields have been reduced by the use of sufficient iron in magnetic circuits and by extreme care with the symmetry of all iron parts. Minimum objective focal lengths for a 1 cm bore lens (S/D=l), range from 6 mm. at 1000 kV with a k 2 value of 1 to 2 mm. at 100 kV at k 2 = 17. Performance characteristics are displayed in Figures 1, 2 and 3. While operation can be carried out over the whole voltage range with a 6 mm. focal length, an externally adjustable Z axis (axial) specimen position has been included in the stage, to permit operation with shorter focal lengths at lower voltages.
Response characteristics of high-performance photorefractive mesogenic composites (1999)

This article presents high-speed photorefractive high-liquid crystal (H-LC) and low-molar-mass liquid crystal (L-LC) mixtures (HL-LCMs) which exhibit the fastest response time achieved so far (15 ms), while maintaining a large gain coefficient of 270 cm−1, high resolution, and the required low operating voltage. The response time strongly depended on the viscosity of the HL-LCMs, which was varied by controlling the molecular weight of the H-LC. These superior characteristics were achieved by decreasing the molecular weight of the H-LC.
Handel: three operas and an oratorio (2008)

One of the fascinating things which emerges from the circumstances surrounding the genesis of two of these operas is the range of difficulties which Handel had to face as a composer of Italian opera in 18th-century London. Between bitter inter-company rivalries, the threat of being superseded in a fickle public's favour by some currently more fashionable composer, and even the vagaries of a prima donna's health, anything could happen to torpedo the smooth progress of a new work—and, it seems, all too often did. Handel: Floridante (Archiv 477 6566, rec 2005, 164′), composed for the Royal Academy of Music's 1721–2 season, had a particularly troubled gestation. Not only was Handel having to respond to the challenge presented by the success of his fellow composer-in-residence, Giovanni Bononcini, while setting a less than satisfactory libretto by the Academy's secretary Paolo Antonio Rolli (a better poet than he was a dramatist), but, when more than half the music had already been composed, the soprano Margherita Durastanti, cast as the heroine Elmira, was forced by illness to withdraw. Since the Academy chose to replace her with the contralto Anastasia Robinson (who just happened to be particularly favoured by the pro-Bononcini Catholic aristocratic party), her original part of the seconda donna Rossane being reallocated to a soprano, Handel was faced with an amount of rewriting and adaptation which inevitably compromised his original conception of the piece. For this recording, Alan Curtis and Il Complesso Barocco have made a most commendable and convincing attempt to re-create the opera according to Handel's first intentions, particularly where the part of Elmira is concerned.
Assessing Visual Fields in Patients with Retinitis Pigmentosa Using a Novel Microperimeter with Eye Tracking: The MP-3 (2016)

The MP-3 microperimeter appears to be useful to evaluate central visual function in RP eyes, exhibiting test-retest reproducibility that is equal to, or better than, that observed in HFA 10-2 VFs.
The walk-through approach to authoring multimedia documents (1994)

This paper describes a novel approach to authoring multimedia documents based on the walk-through paradigm. Using this approach, multimedia authoring tasks can be performed in the context of the multimedia presentation under construction. It greatly simplifies the authoring process by hiding the use of composition constructs and eliminating the turn-around time from the editing and testing parts of the development cycle. End user multimedia authoring and fast prototyping can therefore be realized.
[Tajimi Study review]. (2008)

The results of The Tajimi Study (a population-based prevalence survey of glaucoma in Tajimi City performed by the Japan Glaucoma Society) are summarized. The Tajimi Study was carried out from September, 2000 to October, 2001 to investigate the prevalence of glaucoma among residents aged 40 years old or over in Tajimi. Seventy-eight point one % of 3,870 eligible people from 4,000 subjects who had been randomly selected from the 54,165 over 40 years old residents in Tajimi participated in the study. Estimated prevalence of all glaucoma and glaucoma/suspected glaucoma were 5.0 (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.2-5.8)% and 7.5 (95% CI, 6.5-8.4)%. The prevalence of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG), and secondary glaucoma (SG) were 3.9 (95% CI, 3.2-4.6)%, 0.6 (95% CI, 0.4-0.9)%, and 0.5 (95% CI, 0.2-0.7)%, respectively. Including suspected cases, the prevalence of POAG, PACG, and SG was 6.0 (5.1-6.8)%, 0.8 (0.5-1.2)%, 0.7 (0.4-1.0)%. High intraocular pressure, myopia, and older age were shown to be statistically significant risk factors for POAG. It was suggested that the Frequency Doubling Technology is a good candidate as a screening test for glaucoma. The leading cause of low vision was cataracts. Investigation of refractive status showed that the prevalence of myopia(spherical equivalence [SE] < 0.5 diopters) and high myopia (SE < -5.0 diopters) was 41.8 (40.0-43.6)% and 8.2 (7.2-9.2)%, respectively.
Comparison of Patient and Doctor Perceptions of Barriers to Hepatitis C Treatment (2014)

Introduction: Although Hepatitis C (HCV) infection is widespread, only a minority of patients receives the current standard of care. The rationale for this disparity may be multifactorial. However, overcoming known psychosocial barriers, particularly in the doctor-patient relationship, remains essential in providing HCV care. In this cross-sectional study, we aim to not only identify these perceived barriers in treating our HCV-prevalent population from both patients and physicians’ responses, but also cross-analyze for association between the 2 cohorts’ perceptions. Methods: We surveyed 100 patients and their physicians, anonymously and separately, during their visit to our outpatient hepatology clinic about their views on 12 psychosocial barriers. We conducted descriptive statistical analyses and 2-tailed paired t-test between the responses from the providers and the patients in both treatment and untreated groups. Results: The patient population included in the study has an average age of 57 years with standard deviation of 11 years where 55% are male, 35% are female and 10% did not report their sex. Additionally, 47% are African-American, 30% are Hispanic, 12% are White, 1% are of multiple races, and 10% did not report their race. Sixty-three percent of the participants were not treated, 29% were treated (9% completed treatment, 18% were undergoing treatment), and 5% failed to respond their hepatitis C treatment status. Differences in perceptions of patients and their doctors regarding medical adherence (p<0.001), substance abuse (p=0.01), knowledge of risks (p=0.046), and social support (p<0.001) were found in patients undergoing evaluation and not yet treated, but were not evident when comparing to patients with hepatitis C that have already initiated treatment. Conclusion: Using the above information, we hope to plan smarter road maps for successful HCV treatment delivery to reduce and bridge these barriers.
Lipid binding and lipid uptake of lipoprotein receptors participate in HCV entry. (2016)

&lt;p&gt;Schematics were shown for the SR-B1, LDLR and VLDLR mutants (upper panels of A and B, and left panel of C). (A) S112F- and T175A-SR-B1 were generated to examine the significance of lipid binding ability. (B) Seven or eight repeats in the ligand binding domains of LDLR (left) and VLDLR (right) were deleted (ΔLBD). (C) An asparagine residue in the repeat 5 and in the repeats 2 to 7 of LDLR was substituted with tyrosine (mut5 and mut2-7). The wild-type and mutants of SR-B1, LDLR and VLDLR were expressed in SR/LD-DKO Huh7 cells by lentiviral vectors. Expressions of these receptors were detected by immunoblotting (middle panels in A and B, right upper panel in C). These cells were infected with HCVcc at an MOI of 1, and intracellular HCV RNA levels at 24 h post-infection were determined by qRT-PCR (lower panels in A and B, right lower panel in C). (D) HCVpp were inoculated into parental, SR/LD-DKO expressing either SR-B1, LDLR or VLDLR and CD81-KO Huh7 cells, and luciferase activities were determined at 48 h post-infection by using a luciferase assay system. In all cases, asterisks indicate significant differences (*P&lt;0.05; **P&lt;0.01) versus the results for cells expressing wild-type receptors.&lt;/p&gt;
Developing Strategies to Help Bee Colony Resilience in Changing Environments (2022)

Climate change, loss of plant biodiversity, burdens caused by new pathogens, predators, and toxins due to human disturbance and activity are significant causes of the loss of bee colonies and wild bees. The aim of this review is to highlight some possible strategies that could help develop bee resilience in facing their changing environments. Scientists underline the importance of the links between nutrition, microbiota, and immune and neuroendocrine stress resistance of bees. Nutrition with special care for plant-derived molecules may play a major role in bee colony health. Studies have highlighted the importance of pollen, essential oils, plant resins, and leaves or fungi as sources of fundamental nutrients for the development and longevity of a honeybee colony. The microbiota is also considered as a key factor in bee physiology and a cornerstone between nutrition, metabolism, growth, health, and pathogen resistance. Another stressor is the varroa mite parasite. This parasite is a major concern for beekeepers and needs specific strategies to reduce its severe impact on honeybees. Here we discuss how helping bees to thrive, especially through changing environments, is of great concern for beekeepers and scientists.
Stimulating mathematical reasoning with simple open-ended tasks (2018)

The importance of mathematical reasoning is unquestioned and providing opportunities for students to become involved in mathematical reasoning is paramount. The open-ended tasks presented incorporate mathematical content explored through the contexts of problem solving and reasoning.
Natural Antibodies Bridge Innate and Adaptive Immunity (2014)

Natural Abs, belonging to isotypes IgM, IgG3, and IgA, were discovered nearly half a century ago. Despite knowledge about the role of the polyreactive natural IgM in pathogen elimination, B cell survival and homeostasis, inflammatory diseases, and autoimmunity, there is a lack of clarity about the physiological role of natural IgG and natural IgA because they appear incapable of recognizing Ags on their own and are perceived as nonreactive. However, recent research revealed exciting functions of natural IgG in innate immunity. Natural IgG:lectin collaboration swiftly and effectively kills invading pathogens. These advances prompt further examination of natural Abs in immune defense and homeostasis, with the potential for developing novel therapeutics. This review provides new insights into the interaction between natural Abs and lectins, with implications on how interactions between molecules of the innate and adaptive immune systems bridge these two arms of immunity.
Constrained bounds on measures of entanglement (2007)

Entanglement measures constructed from two positive, but not completely positive, maps on density operators are used as constraints in placing bounds on the entanglement of formation, the tangle, and the concurrence of $4N$ mixed states. The maps are the partial transpose map and the phi map introduced by Breuer [H.-P. Breuer, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 080501 (2006)]. The norm-based entanglement measures constructed from these two maps, called negativity and phi negativity, respectively, lead to two sets of bounds on the entanglement of formation, the tangle, and the concurrence. We compare these bounds and identify the sets of $4N$ density operators for which the bounds from one constraint are better than the bounds from the other. In the process, we present a derivation of the already known bound on the concurrence based on the negativity. We compute bounds on the three measures of entanglement using both the constraints simultaneously. We demonstrate how such doubly constrained bounds can be constructed. We discuss extensions of our results to bipartite states of higher dimensions and with more than two constraints.
Clinically significant delayed cardiac morbidity following ABVD chemotherapy for Hodgkin lymphoma: A population-based study. (2010)

8059 Background: Doxorubicin-based chemotherapy is standard treatment for Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). Prior studies of cardiotoxicity after HL primarily reflect treatment with outdated chemotherapy or radiation therapy alone. Methods: We conducted a case-cohort study of 3,964 adult patients diagnosed with HL 1988-2003, identified from Ontario's cancer registry. Cardiac-related hospitalization (CH) after HL was the outcome, identified from a national registry. Treatment and risk factor data were abstracted for a random sample (N = 1,108 subcohort) plus additional patients in the source cohort who had CH. Competing risk models were used to identify risk factors and estimate the cumulative incidence of CH following HL. Expected rates were based on a general population cohort matched 6:1 with HL patients on sex, age, and neighbourhood. Results: Median F/U = 9.9 years (0.1-19 years). Median age at HL = 35 yrs. 40% of the subcohort received doxorubicin-based chemotherapy alone; 32% received doxorubicin+mediastinal RT. Significant predictors of post-HL CH were the presence of pre-existing heart disease (RR 4.88), diabetes (RR 4.33), elevated cholesterol (RR 3.91), hypertension (RR 2.34), male sex (RR 1.61), smoking (RR 1.30), obesity (RR 1.96), and increasing attained age (all p values <0.05). Among those with no prior heart disease (91% of patients), CH risk following treatment with doxorubicin-based chemotherapy+mediastinal RT was significantly higher than after doxorubicin-based chemotherapy alone, adjusting for other significant factors (HR=1.8, p=0.003). Findings were similar when analysis was restricted to ABVD specifically. For males treated at age 35 with ABVD alone or ABVD+mediastinal RT, the estimated 10-yr incidence of CH were 5.5% and 9.2% respectively, compared to 2.2% expected in the general population. For females age 35 at HL, these rates were 3.3% and 5.6%, compared to 1.3% expected. Conclusions: ABVD is associated with an increased risk of significant delayed cardiac morbidity in adults with HL. This risk is greater with the addition of mediastinal RT. These findings support the implementation clinical trial results that limit cardiotoxic exposures for these patients. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Transforming growth factor-beta1 induces desmoplasia in an experimental model of human pancreatic carcinoma. (2001)

Proliferation of fibrotic tissue (desmoplasia) is one of the hallmarks of several epithelial tumors including pancreatic adenocarcinoma. This tissue reaction may be deleterious or advantageous to the host or tumor. In a systematic analysis, we identified two growth factors expressed by human pancreatic carcinoma cells that are positively correlated with the ability to induce fibroblast proliferation both in vitro and in vivo, i.e., transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 and fibroblast growth factor-2. Here we demonstrate that the overexpression of TGF-beta1 induced up-regulation of matrix proteins and growth factors in the TGFbeta1-transfected pancreatic tumor cells. Furthermore, transfection of PANC-1 cells induces the same change in fibroblasts in either cocultivation experiments or when they are grown in conditioned medium from TGF-beta1-transfected PANC-1 cells. TGF-beta1-transfected pancreatic tumor cells induced a rich stroma after orthotopical transplantation in the nude mouse pancreas. The transfer of a single growth factor, TGF-beta1, conveys the ability to induce a fibroblast response similar to that seen in desmoplasia in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma. This effect cannot only be attributed to direct effects of TGF-beta1 but also results from the up-regulation of several other factors including collagen type I, connective tissue growth factor, and platelet-derived growth factor.
Two algorithms for nearest-neighbor search in high dimensions (1997)

Representing data as points in a high-dimensional space, so as to use geometric methods for indexing, is an algorithmic technique with a wide array of uses. It is central to a number of areas such as information retrieval, pattern recognition, and statistical data analysis; many of the problems arising in these applications can involve several hundred or several thousand dimensions.
The effects of the strong thunderstorms seen in the ionosphere above Poland by DEMETER and Swarm satellites. (2019)

International audience
Hippocampal Seizure Resistance and Reduced Neuronal Excitotoxicity in Mice Lacking the Ca v 2.3 E/R-Type Voltage-Gated Calcium Channel (2007)

Voltage-gated calcium channels are key components in the etiology and pathogenesis of epilepsies. Former studies mainly focused on P/Q-type Ca(v)2.1 and T-type Ca(v)3.2 Ca(2+) channels involved in absence epileptogenesis, but recent findings also point to an intriguing role of the Ca(v)2.3 E/R-type Ca(2+) channel in ictogenesis and seizure propagation. Based on the observation that Ca(v)2.3 is thought to induce plateau potentials in CA1 pyramidal cells, which can trigger epileptiform activity, our recent investigation revealed reduced PTZ-seizure susceptibility and altered seizure architecture in Ca(v)2.3(-/-) mice compared with controls. In the present study we tested hippocampal seizure susceptibility in Ca(v)2.3-deficient mice using surface and deep intrahippocampal telemetric EEG recordings as well as phenotypic seizure video analysis. Administration of kainic acid (30 mg/kg ip) revealed clear alteration in behavioral seizure architecture and dramatic resistance to limbic seizures in Ca(v)2.3(-/-) mice compared with controls, whereas no difference in hippocampal EEG seizure activity between both genotypes could be detected at this suprathreshold dosage. The same tendency was observed for NMDA seizure susceptibility (150 mg/kg ip) approaching the level of significance. In addition, histochemical analysis within the hippocampus revealed that excitotoxic effects after kainic acid administration are absent in Ca(v)2.3(-/-) mice, whereas Ca(v)2.3(+/+) animals exhibited clear and typical signs of excitotoxic cell death. These findings clearly indicate that the Ca(v)2.3 voltage-gated calcium channel plays a crucial role in both hippocampal ictogenesis and seizure generalization and is of central importance in neuronal degeneration after excitotoxic events.
First-principles calculations of the effects of Cu and Ag additions on the electromigration of Sn-based solder (2007)

First-principles calculations were performed to investigate the mechanisms of Cu and Ag improving the electromigration resistance of Sn-based solder. The calculated diffusion activation energies in both Sn31Cu and Sn31Ag were higher than that in Sn32. The barrier energy of the first nearest neighbor (FNN) Sn was higher than that of Cu and Ag. The results indicated that the electromigration process of Sn alloyed with Cu or Ag would be delayed. Once electromigration occurred, Cu or Ag would be the dominant diffusing species. The calculated results of electronic structures verified that the doped systems were more stable. Particularly, the FNN Sn atoms were greatly stabilized.
A Highly Regioselective Palladium-Catalyzed Hydrophosphination of Alkynes Using a Diphosphine−Hydrosilane Binary System (2008)

A novel transition-metal-catalyzed hydrophosphination of terminal alkynes using a diphosphine-hydrosilane binary system takes place regioselectively to provide vinylic phosphines, which undergo air oxidation during workup, affording the corresponding vinylphosphine oxides in good yields. In this hydrophosphination, hydrosilanes act as a useful hydrogen source, and furthermore, small amounts of oxygen is required to accomplish the reaction efficiently.