gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tailoring the morphology of emulsion-templated porous polymers (2006)

Methods with which to tailor the morphology of polystyrene-based emulsion-templated (PolyHIPE) materials are presented. Increasing the temperature of the aqueous phase used to prepare the parent emulsion leads to an increase in average void and interconnect size in the resulting porous material. Additionally, the presence in the aqueous phase of small quantities of organic additives that are capable of partitioning between the two emulsion phases also affects the morphology of the porous material obtained. The additives examined were tetrahydrofuran (THF), methanol and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), all of which were found to increase the average void and interconnect diameters. It is suggested that THF and, to a lesser extent, PEG enhance Ostwald ripening, resulting in emulsion coarsening over time. Evidence for this was gleaned from NMR experiments to determine the rates of water diffusion in each emulsion. However, methanol was shown not to affect the rate of water diffusion. An alternative mechanism by which methanol could affect the emulsion stability is by depleting surfactant from the interface. However, higher levels of surfactant in emulsions containing methanol did not have a significant effect on morphology. To explain this, we suggest that methanol may result in depletion of surfactant from the emulsion interface, however additional surfactant serves not only to replace this depleted surfactant but also to increase the number of w/o micelles in the continuous phase. These facilitate transport of water between droplets, thus negating the effect of replacing the surfactant lost from the interface.
Sugars, hormones, and environment affect the dormancy status in underground adventitious buds of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) (2006)

Signals from both leaves and apical or axillary meristems of leafy spurge are known to inhibit root bud growth. To test the hypothesis that carbohydrates and growth regulators affect root bud growth, decapitated leafy spurge plants were hydroponically treated with glucose, sucrose, gibberellic acid (GA), abscisic acid (ABA), 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 6-benzylaminopurine (BA), and a GA biosynthesis inhibitor, paclobutrazol. Both glucose and sucrose caused suppression of root bud growth at concentrations of 30 mM. The inhibitory effect of sucrose was counteracted by GA at 15 μM. In contrast, BA, ABA, NAA, and paclobutrazol inhibited root bud growth at concentrations as low as 1, 2, 1, and 16 μM, respectively. Sugar and starch levels were also determined in root buds at various times after decapitation. Buds of intact plants contained the highest level of sucrose compared with buds harvested 1, 3, and 5 d after decapitation. To determine how seasonal changes affect root bud dormancy, growth from root buds of field-grown plants was monitored for several years. Root buds of field-grown leafy spurge had the highest level of innate dormancy from October to November, which persisted until a prolonged period of freezing occurred in November or early December. Our data support the hypothesis that carbohydrates may be involved in regulating dormancy status in root buds of leafy spurge.
Multi-Species Ion Acceleration in Expansion of Finite-Size Plasma Targets (2008)

We investigate ion energy spectra of a droplet target composed of different ion species, which is assumed to be heated by ultrashort laser pulse. The dynamics is studied with three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation. It is found that the maximum ion energy Ei,max of the ion species with a charge a state Z has proportionality, Ei,max ∝ Z2 , when multi-species ions exist in large quantities simultaneously. This is a crucial new result different from the scaling Ei,max ∝ Z, where the fraction of such contaminating ions is small compared with that of the background ions. We discuss this present numerical result by comparing with a self-similar solution, which takes a full account of the charge separation effect.
Sympatho-adrenal and cardiovascular responses during hand-grip in human hypertension. (1989)

Circulating norepinephrine and epinephrine levels were correlated with echocardiographic indices of cardiovascular function during isometric exercise (hand-grip at 30% of maximum force for 3 minutes) in 19 patients with mild essential hypertension and 9 normotensive subjects. At the end of the third minute of exercise, plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine, blood pressure and heart rate, increased significantly and similarly in both groups of patients. In contrast, peripheral resistance tended to increase in hypertensives but tended to decrease in normotensives. Moreover, indices of ventricular function increased in normotensives but decreased in hypertensives. At the end of the exercise, systolic and diastolic blood pressures were directly correlated with epinephrine levels in normotensives but were correlated only with norepinephrine levels in hypertensives. On the other hand, norepinephrine and epinephrine levels were inversely correlated with changes in indices of left ventricular performance in hypertensive patients only. These results demonstrate that during isometric exercise, the increase in blood pressure in normotensives is associated with a sympatho-adrenal activation of cardiac performance and contractility, while in hypertensives the increase in blood pressure results mainly from an increase in peripheral resistance associated with a reduction in cardiac performance and contractility, despite a similar sympatho-adrenal activation in both groups. These differences in the hemodynamic responses may be compatible with the hypothesis of beta-adrenoceptor desensitization or structural alterations of the cardiovascular system in hypertensive patients.
Governance for Human Security: Response to COVID-19 Pandemic in Morang District, Nepal (2021)

This study is focused to probe the impacts of COVID-19 pandemic and human security-oriented response in Nepal. Particularly Morang district is purposefully selected as the area of study. Qualitative meta-analysis and semi-structured telephone interview were the methods utilized for the qualitative data collection. The response mechanism adopted can be made further influential through minor adjustments as public always look forward to receiving extra effective responses during emergencies. Local levels have been doing their best with limited resources, where some are capable of mobilizing additional resources. Good practices relating to economic decision-making and implementation by all three levels of governments can amplify the vibes of responses posing positivity in the fighters at the frontline during the fight against non-traditional adversary such as COVID-19 pandemic.
Regenerative medicine for bone diseases using mesenchymal stem cells (2013)

Since the monumental publication in 1998 by Pittenger et al., mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been a center player of regenerative medicine and now a number of clinical trials using MSCs have been conducted in various fields of tissue regeneration including those of bone. It cannot be denied that due to enthusiastic clinical demanding, clinical application of MSCs has launched with little knowledge concerning the nature of native MSCs. Recent advances, however, have gradually revealed enigmatic biological properties of MSCs, which subsequently requires the reconsideration of minimum criteria of this type of stem cells. Plastic adherence was no more an absolute requirement of MSCs, and there seemed to be CD34+ MSCs. In addition, in vitro multidirectional property does not guarantee such property in vivo. As a more fundamental issue, cell-of-origin of MSC may be not single, and there seemed to be at least ectodermal (neural crest) MSCs and mesoderm (perivascular) MSCs. Accumulation of preclinical and clinical data has also revealed the role of MSCs in bone regeneration. Against to the initial expectation, the role of MSCs as cell sources to participate bone regeneration seemed to be less significant than those as producer of materials to induce bone regeneration by host cells. The later role may open a new venue of regenerative medicine, which may be called cell-free cell therapy. Understanding of these important features and function of MSC will greatly improve the value of MSCs and promote the proper application of these cells in bone repair and regeneration.
Producer immunity towards the lantibiotic Pep5: identification of the immunity gene pepI and localization and functional analysis of its gene product (1994)

The lantibiotic Pep5 is produced by Staphylococcus epidermidis 5. Pep5 production and producer immunity are associated with the 20-kb plasmid pED503. A 1.3-kb KpnI fragment of pED503, containing the Pep5 structural gene pepA, was subcloned into the Escherichia coli-Staphylococcus shuttle vector pCU1, and the recombinant plasmid pMR2 was transferred to the Pep5- and immunity-negative mutant S. epidermidis 5 Pep5- (devoid of pED503). This clone did not produce active Pep5 but showed the same degree of insensitivity towards Pep5 as did the wild-type strain. Sequencing of the 1.3-kb KpnI-fragment and analysis of mutants demonstrated the involvement of two genes in Pep5 immunity, the structural gene pepA itself and pepI, a short open reading frame upstream of pepA. To identify the 69-amino-acid pepI gene product, we constructed an E. coli maltose-binding protein-PepI fusion clone. The immunity peptide PepI was detected in the soluble and membrane fractions of the wild-type strain and the immune mutants (harboring the plasmids pMR2 and pMR11) by immunoblotting with anti-maltose-binding protein-PepI antiserum. Strains harboring either pepI without pepA or pepI with incomplete pepA were not immune and did not produce PepI. Washing the membrane with salts and EDTA reduced the amount of PepI in this fraction, and treatment with Triton X-100 almost completely removed the peptide. Furthermore, PepI was hydrolyzed by proteases added to osmotically stabilized protoplasts. This suggests that PepI is loosely attached to the outside of the cytoplasmic membrane. Proline uptake and efflux experiments with immune and nonimmune strains also indicated that PepI may act at the membrane site.
The marketing of cosmetic surgery: doctors and the beauty trade (1999)

1998 saw the emergence of a new type of mass magazine in Australia, all about 'exciting advances', 'breakthroughs', 'developments' and 'everything new' in cosmetic surgery and anti- ageing. Four of these magazines have appeared to date. Each has a service directory and the cosmetic surgeons listed in them are mainly from three states: Victoria, Queensland and NSW. It is, therefore, noteworthy that these magazines all emerged in the year that NSW followed in the footsteps of the other two states, by having its advertising by doctors deregulated. (author abstract)
Parent-of-origin tumourigenesis is mediated by an essential imprinted modifier inSDHD-linked paragangliomas:SLC22A18andCDKN1Care candidate tumour modifiers (2016)

Mutations in SDHD and SDHAF2 (both located on chromosome 11) give rise to hereditary paraganglioma almost exclusively after paternal transmission of the mutation, and tumours often show loss of the entire maternal copy of chromosome 11. The 'Hensen' model postulates that a tumour modifier gene located on chromosome 11p15, a region known to harbour a cluster of imprinted genes, is essential to tumour formation. We observed decreased protein expression of the 11p15 candidate genes CDKN1C, SLC22A18 and ZNF215 evaluated in 60 SDHD-mutated tumours compared to normal carotid body tissue and non-SDH mutant tumours.We then created stable knockdown in vitro models, reasoning that the simultaneous knockdown of SDHD and a maternally expressed 11p15 modifier gene would enhance paraganglioma-related cellular characteristics compared to SDHD knockdown alone. Knockdown of SDHD in SNB19 and SHSY5Y cells resulted in the accumulation of succinate, the stabilization of HIF1 protein and a reduction in cell proliferation.Compared to single knockdown of SDHD, knockdown of SDHD together with SLC22A18 or with CDKN1C led to small but significant increases in cell proliferation and resistance to apoptosis, and to a gene expression profile closely related to the known transcriptional profile of SDH-deficient tumours. Of the 60 SDHD tumours investigated, four tumours showing retention of chromosome 11 showed SLC22A18 and CDKN1C expression levels comparable to levels in tumours showing loss of chromosome 11, suggesting loss of protein expression despite chromosomal retention.Our data strongly suggest that SLC22A18 and/or CDKN1C are tumour modifier genes involved in the tumourigenesis of SDHD-linked paraganglioma.
Sorption of Copper(II) and Nickel(II) Ions from Aqueous Solutions Using Calcium Oxide Activated Date (Phoenix dactylifera) Stone Carbon: Equilibrium, Kinetic, and Thermodynamic Studies (2011)

In this study, calcium oxide activated Phoenix dactylifera (commonly known as Date palm) stone carbon (ADS) was prepared, characterized, and used as a unconventional adsorbent for the removal of Cu(II) and Ni(II) ions from aqueous solutions in a batch process. The obtained activated carbon was characterized for pore size distribution and total surface area using BET isotherm, surface morphology using scanning electron microscopy, and surface functional groups using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and the amorphous nature of the ADS was confirmed by X-ray diffraction studies. The kinetic data obtained at different temperatures were analyzed by applying pseudofirst-order, pseudosecond-order, and Weber-Morris diffusion models, as well as the Elovich equation. The applicability of Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin–Radushkevich (D-R) adsorption isotherms was evaluated to better understand the adsorption process. The results of this study revealed that ADS has a honeycomb like surface morphology with large mesoporous surface area (645.5 m2·g–1) for adsorption and removal of copper and nickel was followed the pseudosecond-order kinetics and Langmuir model of isotherms. Thermodynamic studies revealed that the heat of adsorption of Cu(II) and Ni(II) ions was −4.99 kJ·mol–1 and −10.78 kJ·mol–1, respectively, which suggested that the adsorption was exothermic in nature.
Suitability of the INPHAZE impedance analyzer for Bio-impedance and EIT (2010)

The suitability of a new impedance analyzer 'INPHAZE' for bio-impedance and Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) is investigated using measurements on simple resistive and capacitive models, and readily available biological objects. The INPHAZE is an impedance spectrometer developed to measure the impedance of thin films and layers but has been used in various applications. We found that it is superior to the UCL mk2.5 EIT system on measurements of resistive models and biological objects; however it is significantly over 10x slower as with each measurement checked for stability and SNR. We suggest that the device may provide significant improvements for bio-impedance. However for EIT we suggest exploration of expansion to more channels and the effect of reducing measurement times.
Photofrin and light induces microtubule depolymerization in cultured human endothelial cells. (1992)

Endothelial cells were cultured from human umbilical veins and incubated with Photofrin (1 microgram/ml). Cells were then exposed to light, and cytoplasmic microtubule (MT) status was monitored by immunofluorescence microscopy using alpha-tubulin antibody. As early as 15 min following irradiation, a light dose-dependent depolymerization of MT was observed. At sublethal light doses, this effect was transient, with MT repolymerizing within 2-3 h. Cellular ATP levels were monitored to determine whether diminished ATP levels were correlated with MT depolymerization. No correlation was found, since ATP levels remained at a constant value near 50% of unirradiated controls during a time interval in which transient MT depolymerization was observed. Cell viability was monitored by trypan blue exclusion. Transient MT depolymerization occurred at photodynamic doses that produced essentially no decrease in cell viability, while at higher doses, irreversible MT depolymerization was observed prior to loss of viability. Since MT are unstable at intracellular calcium levels greater than 1 microM, we postulate that MT depolymerization results from increases in intracellular calcium caused by photodynamic insult. MT are important in maintaining cell shape. Disruption of MT in endothelial cells due to photodynamic therapy could result in or contribute to exposure of the thrombogenic subendothelium or could alter vascular permeability in the treatment area.
Positive Predictive Value of Sarcoidosis Identified in an Administrative Healthcare Registry: A Validation Study (2021)

Using at least 2 visits listing an ICD-10 code for sarcoidosis accurately identified patients with sarcoidosis from administrative health data in Sweden.
Spectroscopy of Single AlInAs and (111)-Oriented InGaAs Quantum Dots (2018)

A system of AlInAs- and InGaAs(111)-based quantum dots is studied. The use of wide-gap AlxIn1 –xAs alloys as a basis for quantum dots provides a means for substantially extending the spectral region of emission to shorter wavelengths, including the region close to 770 nm which is of interest for the engineering of aerospace systems of quantum cryptography. The fine structure of exciton states in AlInAs and InGaAs(111) quantum dots is studied. It is shown that, for a set of quantum dots, the splitting of exciton states is comparable to the natural width of exciton lines, which is of interest for the engineering of emitters of photon pairs on the basis of these quantum dots.
Model‐Free H∞ Control Design for Unknown Continuous‐Time Linear System Using Adaptive Dynamic Programming (2015)

Abstract In this paper, a new online model‐free adaptive dynamic programming algorithm is developed to solve the H ∞ control problem of the continuous‐time linear system with completely unknown system dynamics. Solving the game algebraic Riccati equation, commonly used in H ∞ state feedback control design, is often referred to as a two‐player differential game where one player tries to minimize the predefined performance index while the other tries to maximize it. Using data generated in real time along the system trajectories, this new method can solve online the game algebraic Riccati equation without requiring the full knowledge of system dynamics. A rigorous proof of convergence of the proposed algorithm is given. Finally, simulation studies on two examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Abwicklung und Steuerung (1997)

Da macht man einen Plan und nochmal einen Plan, und es klappt doch nicht.“ Wieso gibt es oft Schwierigkeiten, Planungen umzusetzen? Eine wesentliche Ursache dafür ist: Wir planen, kommen aber nicht zum Tun, weil wir vergessen haben, es zu wollen!
Self-association of the Shigella flexneri IcsA autotransporter protein (2012)

The IcsA autotransporter protein is a major virulence factor of the human intracellular pathogen Shigella flexneri. IcsA is distributed at the poles in the outer membrane (OM) of S. flexneri and interacts with components of the host actin-polymerization machinery to facilitate intracellular actin-based motility and subsequent cell-to-cell spreading of the bacterium. We sought to characterize the biochemical properties of IcsA in the bacterial OM. Chemical cross-linking data suggested that IcsA exists in a complex in the OM. Furthermore, reciprocal co-immunoprecipitation of differentially epitope-tagged IcsA proteins indicated that IcsA is able to self-associate. The identification of IcsA linker-insertion mutants that were negatively dominant provided genetic evidence of IcsA-IcsA interactions. From these results, we propose a model whereby IcsA self-association facilitates efficient actin-based motility.
Cardiotrophin‐1 Regulates Adipokine Production in 3T3‐L1 Adipocytes and Adipose Tissue From Obese Mice (2016)

Cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) belongs to the IL-6 family of cytokines. Previous studies of our group revealed that CT-1 is a key regulator of glucose and lipid metabolism. The aim of the present study was to analyze the in vitro and in vivo effects of CT-1 on the production of several adipokines involved in body weight regulation, nutrient metabolism, and inflammation. For this purpose, 3T3-L1 adipocytes were incubated with recombinant protein CT-1 (rCT-1) (1-40 ng/ml) for 1 and 18 h. Moreover, the acute effects of rCT-1 administration (0.2 mg/kg, i.v.) for 30 min and 3 h on adipokines levels were also evaluated in high-fat fed obese mice. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, rCT-1 treatment downregulated the expression and secretion of leptin, resistin, and visfatin. However, rCT-1 significantly stimulated apelin mRNA and secretion. rCT-1 (18 h) also promoted the activation by phosphorylation of AKT, ERK 1/2, and STAT3. Interestingly, pre-treatment with the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 reversed the stimulatory effects of rCT-1 on apelin expression, suggesting that this pathway could be mediating the effects of rCT-1 on apelin production. In contrast, acute administration of rCT-1 (30 min and 3 h) to diet-induced obese mice downregulated leptin and resistin, without significantly modifying apelin or visfatin mRNA in adipose tissue. Furthermore, CT-1 null mice exhibited altered expression of adipokines in adipose tissue. The present study demonstrates that rCT-1 modulates the production of adipokines in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that the regulation of the secretory function of adipocytes could be involved in the metabolic actions of this cytokine. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 2469-2477, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Activated Drosophila Ras1 is selectively suppressed by isoprenyl transferase inhibitors. (1995)

Ras CAAX (C = cysteine, A = aliphatic amino acid, and X = any amino acid) peptidomimetic inhibitors of farnesyl protein transferase suppress Ras-dependent cell transformation by preventing farnesylation of the Ras oncoprotein. These compounds are potential anticancer agents for tumors associated with Ras mutations. The peptidomimetic FTI-254 was tested for Ras1-inhibiting activity in whole animals by injection of activated Ras1val12 Drosophila larvae. FTI-254 decreased the ability of Ras1val12 to form supernumerary R7 photoreceptor cells in the compound eye of transformed flies. In contrast, it had no effect on the related supernumerary R7 phenotypes of flies transformed with either the activated sevenless receptor tyrosine kinase, Raf kinase, or a chimeric Ras1val12 protein that is membrane associated through myristylation instead of isoprenylation. Therefore, FTI-254 acts as an isoprenylation inhibitor to selectively inhibit Ras1val12 signaling activity in a whole-animal model system.
Principles of laparoscopic surgery of the gastroesophageal junction (2005)

Seely, Andrew J.E. MD, PhD, FRCSC; Sundaresan, Sudhir R. MD, FRCSC, FACS; Finley, Richard J. MD, FRCSC, FACS Author Information
Effects of Added Cr and Ni on the Resistance of α-Iron Surface to Cl2 Gas Corrosion (2019)

As energy generation by recycling biomass has become increasingly attractive, research on biomass recycling has focused on improving operational efficiency. To develop a new material composition for the inner wall of a biomass boiler, we investigated the effect of Cr and Ni addition on the resistance of the -iron (100) surface to Cl 2 gas corrosion using first principles theoretical calculations. We constructed model systems by partly substituting the outermost Fe atoms on the -iron (100) surface with Cr and Ni atoms, and then calculated the adsorption energy of Cl and the escape energy of Fe on the surface. The adsorption energy results indicated that Ni added to the surface hindered the adsorption of Cl onto the surface, while Cr had little effect. The addition of both Cr and Ni greatly hindered the escape of Fe atoms from the surface. The mechanism governing the hindrance of the Cl adsorption differed between the Cr and Ni. The Cr hindered the escape of Fe atoms by increasing cohesive energy, while the Ni stabilized the -iron (100) surface and in turn hindered the adsorption of Cl 2 gas.