gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Elastase-Dependent Live Attenuated Swine Influenza A Viruses Are Immunogenic and Confer Protection against Swine Influenza A Virus Infection in Pigs (2009)

Influenza A viruses cause significant morbidity in swine, resulting in a substantial economic burden. Swine influenza virus (SIV) infection also poses important human public health concerns. Vaccination is the primary method for the prevention of influenza virus infection. Previously, we generated two elastase-dependent mutant SIVs derived from A/Sw/Saskatchewan/18789/02(H1N1): A/Sw/Sk-R345V (R345V) and A/Sw/Sk-R345A (R345A). These two viruses are highly attenuated in pigs, making them good candidates for a live-virus vaccine. In this study, the immunogenicity and the ability of these candidates to protect against SIV infection were evaluated in pigs. We report that intratracheally administrated R345V and R345A induced antigen-specific humoral and cell-mediated immunity characterized by increased production of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA antibodies in the serum and in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, high hemagglutination inhibition titers in serum, an enhanced level of lymphocyte proliferation, and higher numbers of gamma interferon-secreting cells at the site of infection. Based on the immunogenicity results, the R345V virus was further tested in a protection trial in which pigs were vaccinated twice with R345V and then challenged with homologous A/Sw/Saskatchewan/18789/02, H1N1 antigenic variant A/Sw/Indiana/1726/88 or heterologous subtypic H3N2 A/Sw/Texas/4199-2/9/98. Our data showed that two vaccinations with R345V provided pigs with complete protection from homologous H1N1 SIV infection and partial protection from heterologous subtypic H3N2 SIV infection. This protection was characterized by significantly reduced macroscopic and microscopic lung lesions, lower virus titers from the respiratory tract, and lower levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Thus, elastase-dependent SIV mutants can be used as live-virus vaccines against swine influenza in pigs.
Bulk Versus Surface Conductivity of MgO Crystals (1964)

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Women's Career Advancement and the Glass Ceiling in the Financial Services Industry (1999)

The idea of a glass ceiling for women in management describes a theoretical barrier that all women who seek advancement to the highest echelons face. Five women above the glass ceiling and five women just below it Q sorted statements from personal interviews pertaining to career development experiences and barriers they might have encountered. Five factors were found, partially supporting propositions that participants would be grouped according to their positions above or below the glass ceiling and demographic characteristics such as age and number of children. Three themes defined factor membership via the Q sorts: perceptions of discrimination and other barriers; desire to become a C.E.O., and having had mentors or role models. In general, the women already above the glass ceiling reported less discrimination, and stronger desire to become a C.E.O., than the women below. Mentors/role models was a weaker differentiating theme. Results suggest there is more than one path to career success. Research should be extended to include comparisons with men who are above and just below the glass ceiling.
Continuous Authentication System Using Online Activities (2018)

This paper poses the question, "Is it possible to identify users with just a set of Web activity logs?" The answer is yes: we can provide a continuous authentication system that does not require explicit actions by the users while monitoring their interactions regarding what they do for services as well as how they use their devices. We propose an activity-based authentication (ABA) system for active authentication that continuously verifies the identity of a user accessing multiple online services by means of their activity histories. ABA involves a machine-learning technique for authentication with a bagging-data-summarization approach, as it is difficult to identify users by using small logs. We assessed the performance and effect of various activity features extracted from the activity logs of 1,000 users of commercially deployed Web sites. Our findings provide valuable insights to guide the development of an authentication system utilizing the online activities of users.
Comprehensive vascular exposures (1998)

A thesis practical application of the principles neck base of the neck mediastinum thorax abdomen upper extremity lower extremity tunnels.
The Helix to Super‐Helix Transition in the Self‐Assembly of π‐Systems: Superseding of Molecular Chirality at Hierarchical Level (2017)

Abstract Higher‐order super‐helical structures derived from biological molecules are known to evolve through opposite coiling of the initial helical fibers, as seen in collagen protein. A similar phenomenon is observed in a π‐system self‐assembly of chiral oligo(phenyleneethylene) derivatives ( S )‐ 1 and ( R )‐ 1 that explains the unequal formation of both left‐ and right‐handed helices from molecule having a specific chiral center. Concentration‐ and temperature‐dependent circular dichroism (CD) and UV/Vis spectroscopic studies revealed that the initial formation of helical aggregates is in accordance with the molecular chirality. At the next level of hierarchical self‐assembly, coiling of the fibers occurs with opposite handedness, thereby superseding the command of the molecular chirality. This was confirmed by solvent‐dependent decoiling of super‐helical structures and concentration‐dependent morphological analysis.
Redundant-via enhanced maze routing for yield improvement (2005)

Redundant via insertion is a good solution to reduce the yield loss by via failure. However, the existing methods are all post-layout optimizations that insert redundant via after detailed routing. In this paper, we propose the first routing algorithm that considers feasibility of redundant via insertion in the detailed routing stage. Our routing problem is formulated as maze routing with redundant via constraints. The problem is transformed to a multiple constraint shortest path problem, and solved by Lagrangian relaxation technique. Experimental results show that our algorithm can find routing layout with much higher rate of redundant via than conventional maze routing.
A neural m6A/Ythdf pathway is required for learning and memory in Drosophila (2021)

Epitranscriptomic modifications can impact behavior. Here, we used Drosophila melanogaster to study N<sup>6</sup>-methyladenosine (m<sup>6</sup>A), the most abundant modification of mRNA. Proteomic and functional analyses confirm its nuclear (Ythdc1) and cytoplasmic (Ythdf) YTH domain proteins as major m<sup>6</sup>A binders. Assays of short term memory in m<sup>6</sup>A mutants reveal neural-autonomous requirements of m<sup>6</sup>A writers working via Ythdf, but not Ythdc1. Furthermore, m<sup>6</sup>A/Ythdf operate specifically via the mushroom body, the center for associative learning. We map m<sup>6</sup>A from wild-type and Mettl3 mutant heads, allowing robust discrimination of Mettl3-dependent m<sup>6</sup>A sites that are highly enriched in 5' UTRs. Genomic analyses indicate that Drosophila m<sup>6</sup>A is preferentially deposited on genes with low translational efficiency and that m<sup>6</sup>A does not affect RNA stability. Nevertheless, functional tests indicate a role for m<sup>6</sup>A/Ythdf in translational activation. Altogether, our molecular genetic analyses and tissue-specific m<sup>6</sup>A maps reveal selective behavioral and regulatory defects for the Drosophila Mettl3/Ythdf pathway.
The Web SSO Standard OpenID Connect: In-depth Formal Security Analysis and Security Guidelines (2017)

Web-based single sign-on (SSO) services such as Google Sign-In and Log In with Paypal are based on the OpenID Connect protocol. This protocol enables so-called relying parties to delegate user authentication to so-called identity providers. OpenID Connect is one of the newest and most widely deployed single sign-on protocols on the web. Despite its importance, it has not received much attention from security researchers so far, and in particular, has not undergone any rigorous security analysis. In this paper, we carry out the first in-depth security analysis of OpenID Connect. To this end, we use a comprehensive generic model of the web to develop a detailed formal model of OpenID Connect. Based on this model, we then precisely formalize and prove central security properties for OpenID Connect, including authentication, authorization, and session integrity properties. In our modeling of OpenID Connect, we employ security measures in order to avoid attacks on OpenID Connect that have been discovered previously and new attack variants that we document for the first time in this paper. Based on these security measures, we propose security guidelines for implementors of OpenID Connect. Our formal analysis demonstrates that these guidelines are in fact effective and sufficient.
Human Cell Mutagens in Respirable Airborne Particles from the Northeastern United States. 2. Quantification of Mutagens and Other Organic Compounds (2005)

Few reports have characterized mutagenic compounds in respirable airborne particles (<2.5 micrometers in diameter; PM2.5) collected at different sites on a regional scale (hundreds of km). Previously, we reported differences in the human (h1A1v2) cell mutagenicity of whole and fractionated organic extracts of PM2.5 samples collected in Boston, MA, Rochester, NY, and Quabbin Reservoir, a rural site in western MA. Herein we describe the analysis of mutagens and other organic compounds in these samples. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to quantify approximately 150 organic compounds, including 31 known human cell mutagens. Molecular weight (MW) 226-302 amu PAHs were the most important mutagens identified: cyclopenta[cd]pyrene accounted for 1-2% of the measured mutagenicity of the samples, MW 252 PAHs accounted for 4-6%, MW 276-278 PAHs accounted for 2-5%, and MW 302 PAHs accounted for 2-3%. 6H-benzo-[cd]pyren-6-one, a PAH ketone, accounted for 3-5% of the mutagenicity. The same compounds accounted for similar portions of the total attributed mutagenicity in each sample. Mutagen levels were similar in the Boston and Rochester samples, and both were significantly higher than the Quabbin sample. This may explain whythe mutagenicities of the Boston and Rochester samples were higher than the Quabbin sample. The levels of mutagens found in semipolar fractions, however, could not explain why the mutagenicity of semipolar fractions was 2-fold higher in the Rochester sample than in the Boston sample. Known mutagens accounted for only 16-26% of the total mutagenicity of the unfractionated extracts, and only approximately 20% of the mutagenicity of the nonpolar and semipolar fractions. The remaining mutagenicity is likely attributable to other, as-yet unknown, semipolar and polar mutagens, or to interactions among chemical constituents of the samples. These findings are consistent with similar studies performed on airborne particles from Los Angeles and Washington, DC, thus indicating that PAHs, PAH-ketones, and as-yet unidentified polar organic compounds are widely distributed airborne human cell mutagens.
Exploitation of a library of α‐galactosidases for the synthesis of building blocks for glycopolymers (2001)

After screening a library of fungal alpha-galactosidases for the synthesis of functionalized alkyl alpha-D-galactopyranosides, four enzymes (isolated from Aspergillus terreus CCM55, Aspergillus commune CCM 2969, Penicillium vinaceum CCM 2384, or Penicillium brasilianum 2155) proved to be suitable for these biotransformations. The effect of different concentrations of alcohol on activity and stability of these enzymes was investigated. After optimization of the reaction conditions, three galactose derivatives (allyl, 2-nitroethyl and 2-(2',2',2'-trifluoroacetamido)-ethyl alpha-D-galactopyranoside, 1a, 3a, and 4a, respectively), suitable for subsequent chemical polymerization, were synthesized using either the "reverse hydrolysis" or the "transglycosylation" protocols.
Formation of Uniquely Oriented VO2 Thin Films by Topotactic Oxidation of V2O3 Epitaxial Films on R-Plane Al2O3 (2022)

Highly oriented VO2 films are promising candidates for next-generation electronic and optical devices owing to their near-room temperature metal–insulator transition (MIT) (approximately 67 °C). Oriented VO2 films can be prepared by the topotactic oxidation of V2O3 epitaxial films. However, the detailed mechanism that determines the orientation of the VO2 films thus formed remains unclear. Herein, we report the fabrication of VO2 thin films with unique orientation via the topotactic oxidation of a V2O3 epitaxial film on an R-plane Al2O3 substrate and propose a mechanism for the topotactic oxidation of V2O3. The VO2 film had a unique orientation, where the (23̅1̅) and (231̅) planes were almost parallel to the substrate surface but tilted by a few degrees. The crystallographic analysis of V2O3 and VO2 explained this peculiar orientation and further revealed that the substrate affected the orientation of VO2 during the topotactic oxidation. The obtained VO2 film showed a change of more than four orders of magnitude in electrical resistance across the MIT. This demonstrates the applicability of topotactic oxidation to prepare high-quality VO2 films. This work deepens the understanding of topotactic oxidation for the fabrication of oxide films with well-controlled orientations.
Highly Scalable Adaptive Photonic Beamformer Using a Single Mode to Multimode Optical Combiner (2013)

This letter presents a novel architecture for a wideband photonic beamformer. The system is best suited for an adaptive beamforming application related to a highly non-stationary environment, requiring rapid beam steering. Using optical transversal filters for each antenna element, the array is capable of both spatial beamforming and frequency-domain filtering. With the use of a single-mode fiber to multimode fiber coupling technique, our system is highly scalable, and the same set of laser wavelengths can be used for every antenna in the system. Experimental results are presented to show proof-of-concept and demonstrates proposed adaptive beamformer performance.
Epilepsy and Synaptic Reorganization in a Perinatal Rat Model of Hypoxia–Ischemia (2004)

These results suggest that perinatal H-I can induce epilepsy, ipsilateral hippocampal lesions, and mossy fiber sprouting in the lesioned and contralateral hippocampus.
Testing and Design of Hydraulic Fractures in Tight Gas Formations (2008)

Abstract Productivity of a tight gas formation is strongly tied to flow area. This fact dictates the creation of enhanced flow area through drilling of multi-lateral wells and/or fracturing. In the case of fracturing, loss of fracture conductivity near the wellbore can have a drastic and negative effect on the productivity of a fractured well. This is especially true when creating a transverse fracture to intersect a horizontal well. In tight formations, loss of communication between the fracture and the formation could also have a devastating effect on productivity of the well, vertical or horizontal. In this paper, the following will be discussed: The effect of completion methodology on productivity of a tight gas formation The effect of near-wellbore damage of fracture conductivity on productivity of a fractured well in a tight gas formation The effect of creating multiple fractures on the productivity of wells Testing a previously fractured well using an injection falloff test, or a pressure buildup test to determine the degree of damage (DED) and depth of damage (DOD) of the fracture conductivity
Silicone Catheters May Be Superior to Latex Catheters in Difficult Urethral Catheterization After Urethral Dilation (2011)

In the setting of the difficult urethral catheterization, silicone catheters should be used after urethral dilation, advanced through a Glidewire, because they offer more resistance to buckling and might necessitate less dilation than conventional latex catheters.
Efficacy of camptothecin congeners in the treatment of human breast carcinoma xenografts. (1993)

We have shown recently that the plant alkaloid camptothecin and some of its derivatives inhibit growth of human breast carcinoma cells in vitro and induce complete regression of human breast tumors grown in nude mice. Because of the use of camptothecin derivatives in several clinical studies with patients bearing various types of cancer, in this report, we have investigated and described parameters and conditions that can modulate the anticancer effectiveness and cytotoxicity of these drugs when administered as suspensions. It is demonstrated that the antitumor effectiveness and drug-induced toxicity depend on the camptothecin derivative, the drug dose administered, the route of administration, and the scheduling of drug administration. 9-aminocamptothecin administered i.m. generates the best results, but for all practical purposes, 9-nitrocamptothecin administered orally appeared to be the camptothecin derivative and route of administration of choice. Further, we report the partial response of one breast tumor to camptothecin and propose that this tumor may require chemotherapy with a camptothecin derivative followed by an anticancer drug with a different mechanism of cell-killing activity.
Decolorization and destruction of metallophthalocyanines in aqueous medium by ultrasound: a feasibility study (2002)

Most currently available treatment methods for the phthalocyanine type of pigments have shortcomings and problems. An alternative approach using chemical-assisted ultrasound was conducted and the feasibility for the decolorization and destruction of the metallophthalocyanines has been demonstrated. Both copper and nickel phathlocyanine, with water and organic solvents at ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure in the presence of catalytic amount of oxidant under 20 kHz of frequency at a power level of 3759 W/cm 2 , can reach a destructive level of 9295% within 50 min. Preliminary kinetic studies found that the process belongs to the Langmuir-Hinshelwood type. The reaction mechanism is similar to that of metalloporphyrins, and the intermediate is an unstable ion radical that can release metal. Key words: metallophthalocyanines, ultrasound, decolorization, destruction, demetallation, dyebath wastes.
Gemcitabine, dexamethasone, and cisplatin (GDP) is an effective and well-tolerated salvage therapy for relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and Hodgkin lymphoma (2016)

The optimal choice of salvage therapy for patients with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) or Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) remains unknown. Based on promising results of phase II trials, the preferred salvage regimen in British Columbia since 2002 has been the out-patient regimen, gemcitabine, dexamethasone, and cisplatin (GDP). We conducted a retrospective analysis including all patients with relapsed/refractory DLBCL or HL who received GDP as salvage therapy between September 2002 and June 2010. We identified 235 patients: 152 DLBCL, 83 HL. Overall response rates were 49% and 71% for patients with DLBCL and HL, respectively. Within the transplant-eligible population, 52% of patients with DLBCL and 96% of patients with HL proceeded to stem cell transplantation. The 2-year progression-free survival and overall survival were 21% and 28% in the DLBCL cohort, and 58% and 85% in the HL group. GDP is an effective and well-tolerated out-patient salvage regimen for relapsed/refractory DLBCL and HL.
The role of third cation doping on phase stability, carrier transport and carrier suppression in amorphous oxide semiconductors (2020)

Amorphous InAlZnO demonstrates greater phase stability and carrier suppression capability while maintaining a high carrier mobility for high performance TFTs.
Outlook for 157-nm resist design (1999)

We have measured the transparencies of a number of a candidate resist materials for 157 nm, with an emphasis on determining which chemical platforms would allow resist to be used at maximum thicknesses while meeting requirements for optical density. Assuming an ideal resist optical density of 0.4, our findings show that all existing commercially available resists would need to be &lt; 90 nm thick, whereas specialized hydrocarbon resists could be made approximately 120 nm thick, and new resists based on hydrofluorocarbons, siloxanes, and/or silsesquioxanes could be engineered to be used in thicknesses approaching 200 nm. We also assess the tradeoff between these thicknesses and what current information exists regarding defects as a function of resist thickness.
Simulations of Inducers at Low-Flow Off-Design Flow Conditions (2005)

The ability to accurately model details of inlet back flow for inducers operating at low-flow, off-design conditions is evaluated. A sub-scale version of a three-bladed liquid hydrogen inducer tested in water with detailed velocity and pressure measurements is used as a numerical test bed. Under low-flow, off-design conditions the length of the separation zone as well as the swirl velocity magnitude was under predicted with a standard k-ε model. When the turbulent viscosity coefficient was reduced good comparison was obtained at all the flow conditions examined with both the magnitude and shape of the profile matching well with the experimental data taken half a diameter upstream of the leading edge. The velocity profiles and incidence angles at the leading edge itself were less sensitive to the back flow length predictions indicating that single-phase performance predictions may be well predicted even if the details of flow separation modeled are incorrect. However, for cavitating flow situations the prediction of the correct swirl in the back flow and the pressure depression in the core becomes critical since it leads to vapor formation. The simulations have been performed using the CRUNCH CFD® code that has a generalized multi-element unstructured framework and an advanced multi-phase formulation for cryogenic fluids. The framework has been validated rigorously for predictions of temperature and pressure depression in cryogenic fluid cavities and has also been shown to predict the cavitation breakdown point for inducers at design conditions.
Aortic, common carotid and external iliac artery arterial wall stiffness parameters in horses: Inter‐day and inter‐observer and intra‐observer measurement variability (2019)

Our results show good reproducibility of aortic, carotid and external iliac artery diameter and area measurements using both B- and M-mode ultrasonography. Nevertheless, the variability of the derived local AWS parameters was relatively high. Therefore, local AWS parameters might be less suitable for follow-up studies, although they might be useful for population studies. On the other hand, regional AWS parameters showed low CV, making them valuable for both follow-up and population studies.