gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract 2634: Direct reprogramming of tumor cells: a basis for novel therapeutic approaches (2014)

Abstract Introduction Direct reprogramming describes a process by which differentiated cells can be converted into virtually any other cell type, including terminal differentiated cells. This breakthrough offers a chance for regenerative medicine in order to treat patients suffering from degenerative diseases like Parkinson disease or tissue damages. We believe that direct reprogramming of tumor cells provides a basis for novel targeted therapies of aggressive tumors. These tumors could be reprogrammed into tumors of another, less aggressive subtype, that could potentially be treated more easily than the parental tumor does. We used the most aggressive breast cancer subtype - triple negative breast cancer - as research model. Its missing expression of both hormone receptors (HR) as well as HER2 renders this subtype more aggressive compared to HR or HER2 positive tumors. It also implies its poorer prognosis compared to other breast cancer subtypes, for which targeted therapies are available, e.g. anti-HER2 therapies that drastically improved formerly poor prognosis of HER2 positive cancer to a much better prognostic subtype nowadays. We suggest that by use of direct reprogramming of triple negative breast cancer cells into HER2 positive cancer cells, these cells are susceptible to anti-HER2 targeted therapies, shifting its poor prognosis into better prognosis. Methods Triple negative breast cancer cell lines were transduced using HER2 expressing lentiviral particles. Molecular biological analyses were performed to investigate the functionality of the transgene. Subsequently, targeted therapies against HER2 followed by molecular analyses of effects were performed. Results The expression of HER2 could be shown by both mRNA (using qPCR) as well as protein (Western Blot) approaches. Additionally, immunofluorescence analysis confirmed membrane localization of HER2. Furthermore, preliminary results using targeted anti-HER2 therapies showed reduction of proliferative capacity of formerly triple negative breast cancer cells. Conclusion We conclude that direct reprogramming might become a tool of converting aggressive tumor types into cells susceptible to targeted therapies. Its current system describes a proof-of-principal whether reprogramming approaches might find a way into clinical settings someday. Nevertheless, strong hurdles have to be taken to make such approaches valuable for (breast) cancer patients. Citation Format: Lena Bluemel, Carolin Huelsewig, Holm Zaehres, Hans Schoeler, Ludwig Kiesel, Christof Bernemann. Direct reprogramming of tumor cells: a basis for novel therapeutic approaches. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2634. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2634
Silver-plated carbon nanotubes for silver/conducting polymer composites (2008)

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have advantages as conductive fillers due to their large aspect ratio and excellent conductivity. In this study, a novel silver/conducting polymer composite was developed by the incorporation of silver-plated CNTs. It is important to achieve a homogeneous dispersion of nanotubes and to improve the interfacial bonding to utilize the excellent properties of reinforcements in the matrix material. The homogeneous dispersion of nanotubes was achieved by an acid treatment process, and the interfacial contact was improved by electroless silver plating around nanotubes. The resistivity of the silver/conducting polymer composite was decreased by 83% by the addition of silver-plated single-walled carbon nanotubes. Conductive bumps were also screen-printed to demonstrate the capability of the composite as electrical interconnects for multi-layer printed circuit boards.
Mental health policy in Northern Ireland (2019)

The social work task changes constantly, due to developments in knowledge, and to ideological shifts in the general policy environment. In Northern Ireland, social workers have worked in an integrated health and social service structure since the early 1970s, and though there have been many changes in health policy, very few have had an immediate impact on the delivery of social services. This chapter identifies and discusses developments in health policy in terms of their impact on services for people with mental illnesses in order to highlight areas of concern to users of mental health services and to social workers involved in their care. Community services for people with mental illnesses are particularly difficult to quantify. Mental health legislation was necessary to ensure that individuals were not unnecessarily treated, particularly being confined to a mental hospital with the consequent loss of civil rights. Policy changes affecting the law or service delivery have a direct impact on social work practice.
Atmospheric Fading Probability in Ground-to-Space Feeder Links (2019)

Atmospheric turbulence plays an important role in the performance of ground-to-space laser communication feeder link systems. The lead-ahead angle required by the relative satellite velocity results in an uplink data beacon that traverses a different atmospheric path than the downlink beam. This causes anisoplanatic differences between the downlink and uplink wavefront phase when the downlink beam is corrected by an adaptive optics system. This effect is characterized by an isoplanatic patch size [1], g <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> , which reflects the maximum offset angle for good uplink correction with adaptive optics in the large-aperture (D ≫ r <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> ) limit. The design and analysis of free-space optical communication systems require a fuller development of these concepts; the terrestrial terminals used are far from the large-aperture limit with D/r0 typically on the order of three to five. This results in significantly less phase error, and may use only tip-tilt adaptive optics to achieve adequate correction on the downlink [2]. In addition, the statistical distribution of fading on the uplink is important in the design and evaluation of the overall link budget and performance. Anisoplanatic effects were shown to have small impact on the performance of moderate aperture systems. For all systems it was shown that correction of the uplink beacon using downlink beacon measurements provided net gain and better performance for the uplink, even with point-ahead angles of two to three times the isoplanatic angle.
Fluorescent organic nanocrystal confined in sol-gel matrix for bio-imaging (2010)

International audience
Hemodynamic Effects of Positive End-expiratory Pressure during Continuous Venous Air Embolism in the Dog (1986)

Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) may decrease venous air embolism (VAE) by increasing venous pressure at the incision level. Because PEEP and VAE can both increase pulmonary vascular resistance, it is possible that the application of PEEP during VAE may increase right atrial pressure (RAP) relative to left atrial pressure (LAP) and thereby reverse the normal interatrial pressure gradient, allowing paradoxical air embolism in patients with a probe-patent foramen ovale. We studied atrial pressures during 0, 4, and 8 mmHg PEEP before and during continuous VAE in both supine and upright tilted dogs. Both PEEP and VAE increased pulmonary artery pressure and resistance. Prior to VAE, PEEP increased both RAP and LAP but did not affect the interatrial pressure gradient. VAE alone did not affect RAP, LAP, or the interatrial pressure gradient. Application of PEEP during VAE had similar effects as at baseline, namely an increase in RAP and LAP with no change in the interatrial pressure gradient. Although RAP exceeded LAP more frequently in the upright than in the supine dogs, the effects of PEEP and VAE on atrial pressures were similar in both groups. Our finding that PEEP and VAE did not disproportionately increase RAP compared with LAP is consistent with other studies demonstrating preservation of right ventricular function in situations of increased right ventricular afterload.
Descrição, produtividade e estabilidade da cultivar de soja IAC-24, resistente a insetos (2003)

A cultivar de soja IAC-24 foi obtida pelo método genealógico modificado, a partir do cruzamento IAC80-1177 x IAC 83-288, tendo sido avaliada com a designação IAC93-3335, em 14 ambientes nos Estados de São Paulo e de Minas Gerais. Os ensaios finais foram conduzidos em Conceição das Alagoas (MG), Campinas (SP); Mococa (SP), em 1994/95; em Conceição das Alagoas, Campinas, Tarumã (SP) em Votuporanga (SP), em 1995/96; em Conceição das Alagoas, Campinas, Tarumã, Votuporanga, Mococa, Capão Bonito (SP) e Ribeirão Preto (SP) em 1996/97. Os experimentos foram instalados no delineamento de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. O menor rendimento de grãos ocorreu em Campinas com 2.302 kg.ha-1 e o maior em Conceição das Alagoas com 4.003 kg.ha-1, em 1996/97. Na análise conjunta os efeitos de genótipos, ambientes e sua interação foram significativos. O genótipo IAC-24 apresentou rendimento de grãos superior, com 3.480 kg.ha-1, superando significativamente o controle IAC-15. A cultivar IAC-24 apresenta índices de resistência a insetos próximos aos da cultivar IAC-100, além de resistência à pústula bacteriana (Xanthomonas campestris pv. glycines), ao fogo sevalgem (Pseudomonas seringae pv. Tabaci), ao cancro-da-haste (Diaporthe phaseolorum f.sp. meridionalis) e à mancha-café (soybean mosaic virus, SMV). Em semeaduras de novembro, esse cultivar semiprecoce, com período juvenil longo, floresceu aos 57 dias após a semeadura, com estatura de 72 cm no fim do ciclo. A duração do período entre a emergência das plântulas e o estádio de maturação das plantas (R-8) foi de 124 dias, dentro do grupo de maturação semiprecoce. O rendimento médio de grãos nos 14 ambientes foi de 3.480 kg.ha-1. As suas plantas apresentam pubescência marrom, flor branca e sementes amarelas com hilo marrom e mostra resistência a insetos mastigadores e sugadores, semelhante à da cultivar IAC-100. O desempenho apresentado pela cultivar IAC-24 sugere sua indicação para condições edafoclimáticas similares às do Estado de São Paulo.
Undersampled projection reconstruction for active catheter imaging with adaptable temporal resolution and catheter‐only views (2003)

In this study undersampled projection reconstruction (PR) was used for rapid catheter imaging in the heart, employing steady-state free precession (SSFP) contrast. Active catheters and phased-array coils were used for combined imaging of anatomy and catheter position in swine. Real-time imaging of catheter position was performed with relatively high spatial and temporal resolution, providing 2 x 2 x 8 mm spatial resolution and four to eight frames per second. Two interactive features were introduced. The number of projections (Np) was adjusted interactively to trade off imaging speed and artifact reduction, allowing acquisition of high-quality or high-frame-rate images. Thin-slice imaging was performed, with interactive requests for thick-slab projection images of the signal received solely from the active catheter. Briefly toggling on catheter-only projection images was valuable for verifying that the catheter tip was contained within the selected slice, or for locating the catheter when part of it was outside the selected slice.
Two stage importance sampling for direct lighting (2006)

We describe an importance sampling method to generate samples based on the product of a BRDF and an environment map or large light source. The method works by creating a hierarchical partition of the light source based on the BRDF function for each primary (eye) ray in a ray tracer. This partition, along with a summed area table of the light source, form an approximation to the product function that is suitable for importance sampling. The partition is used to guide a sample warping algorithm to transform a uniform distribution of points so that they approximate the product distribution. The technique is unbiased, requires little precomputation, and we demonstrate that it works well for a variety of BRDF types. Further, we present an adaptive method which allocates varying numbers of samples to different image pixels to reduce shadow artifacts.
Case study: Chronic lead toxicity (2012)

Mr X was a 54 year old classic wooden boat builder when he first presented to this clinic in March 2004. By 2003 he had been away for 8 years sailing the Pacific and had been swept off his yacht by a large wave rounding Cape Horn, but survived.
On the use of opportunity costs in deriving the economic value of herd life (1997)

Abstract This paper presents the economic perspectives applied when either using or not using opportunity costs of postponed replacement in deriving the economic value of herd life. Results show the equivalence of the rescaling method and the correction for opportunity costs. In economic terms, using rescaling or correction for opportunity costs forces the value of genetic improvement to change from revenues of increased output to reduction of costs per unit of (fixed) ouput. Under the zero profit theory, the economic value of herd life is equal when either using or not using correction for opportunity costs. In deriving economic values to define breeding goals, the choice of a method and price parameters will have to depend on foreseen future production circumstances for the system under study.
Spatial learning and memory as a function of age in the dog. (1995)

Spatial learning and memory were studied in dogs of varying ages and sources. Compared to young dogs, a significantly higher proportion of aged dogs could not acquire a spatial delayed nonmatching-to-sample task. A regression analysis revealed a significant age effect during acquisition. Spatial memory was studied by comparing performance at delay interval of 20, 70, and 110 s. At short delays aged and young dogs were similar; at longer delays, errors increased to a greater extent in old than in young dogs; however this was not statistically significant. It was possible to identify 2 groups of aged animals, age-impaired and age-unimpaired. Several of the dogs were also tested on an object recognition memory task, which was more difficult to learn than the spatial task. The possibility that these findings are confounded by breed differences is considered. Overall, the present results provide further evidence of the value of a canine model of aging.
Optical implementation of multifocal programmable lens with single and multiple axes (2011)

In this work we analyse the generation of a diffractive optical element (DOE) consisting of a multifocal Fresnel lens by means of an LCoS (liquid cristal on silicon) spatial light modulator (SLM). The multifocal lens is composed of a set of lenses of different focal length that share a common optical axis (coaxial combination) or have different axes in parallel (multi-axis combination). For both configurations, we present several ways to combine the phase distributions for three lenses with different focal lengths (f1, f2, f3), into a single-phase distribution addressed to the SLM. Numerical simulations were carried out along with the experimental analysis to corroborate the results.
Preparation and Structure of Sterically Protected Diethynylphosphines and Dibutadiynylphosphines (1995)

Abstract Sterically protected diethynyl(2,4,6-tri-t-butylphenyl)phosphines and (2,4,6-tri-t-butylphenyl)bis(4-trimethylsilyl-1,3-butadiynyl)phosphine were prepared and their structures were analyzed by X-ray crystallography. The aromatic rings in these molecules are distorted to boat or more likely envelope forms in the crystals. Large distortion in the –P–C≡C– moieties was also observed.
Energy-generating potential of anaerobically enhanced primary treatment of domestic wastewater using multiple-compartment bioreactors (2019)

Modeled electrical energy generation from anaerobic primary treatment of domestic wastewater with baffled bioreactors. Energy generation from methane production exceeded energy use by conventional activated sludge in some scenarios.
A Parathyroid Hormone-Like Protein from Cultured Human Keratinocytes (1986)

Parathyroid hormone-like factors have been found in extracts of tumors associated with humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy, many of which are of squamous epithelial origin. Cultured, nonmalignant human keratinocytes were examined for the production of similar factors. Keratinocyte-conditioned medium from ten cultures stimulated the production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate in clonally derived rat osteosarcoma cells sensitive to parathyroid hormone. Bovine [Nle8,18, Tyr34]PTH-(3-34)NH2, a competitive inhibitor of parathyroid hormone, stopped the adenylate cyclase production stimulated by keratinocyte-conditioned medium, but antisera to parathyroid hormone had no effect on such adenylate cyclase activity. The active component of keratinocyte-conditioned medium has a molecular weight exceeding that of native parathyroid hormone. These characteristics are shared by the parathyroid hormone receptor agonists associated with humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy, which suggests that normal human keratinocytes may produce a factor related to that produced by malignant tumors associated with humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy.
Tyrosine Kinase Receptor B Protects Against Coronary Artery Disease and Promotes Adult Vasculature Integrity by Regulating Ets1-Mediated VE-Cadherin Expression (2015)

Our data demonstrate that TrkB protects endothelial integrity during atherogenesis by promoting Ets1-mediated VE-cadherin expression and plays a previously unknown protective role in the development of CAD.
Role of polyamines and their antimetabolites in clinical medicine. (1983)

Polyamine research, which began with a clinical observation more than 300 years ago, has progressed for several decades as pure basic research, sometimes considered as an academic triviality. The role of polyamines in clinical medicine is coming of age. The fruits of polyamine research are just now entering into the realm of practical application and in a very multidisciplinary manner. Basic research on polyamine metabolism and the elucidation of their physiologic functions has involved many academically interesting, even revolutionary, aspects, but the imagination of biochemists and cell biologists may no longer be sufficient to discover the best ways to translate the results of this basic research into clinical practice. It is almost certain that polyamine antimetabolites will soon find their place among the drug regimens used for the treatment of human malignancies and, possibly, also of hyperproliferative skin diseases. The elucidation of the role of polyamines in cell differentiation may offer fundamental applications regarding the regulation of cell cycle events. The discovery of the antiparasitic properties of polyamine antimetabolites may have a major impact on the well-being of millions of people in the developing world. The potential application of polyamine research in microbial and viral diseases is an area in which investigational insight is just beginning. Finally, the clinical chemistry of extracellular polyamines, although initially disappointing, has not yet been explored in depth and may offer applications useful for the diagnosis or follow-up of a variety of common diseases.
Application of Swarm Intelligence to a digital excitation control system (2008)

This paper describes an application of swarm intelligence (SI) technique to a digital excitation control system. Some of the modern voltage regulator systems are utilizing the proportional, integral, and derivative (PID) control for stabilization. Based on given excitation system parameters, several PID tuning approaches are reported. Since in general, these parameters are not available during commissioning, specifically the machine time constants, this lack of information causes a considerable time delay and cost of fuel usage for commissioning the automatic voltage regulator (AVR). To reduce the commissioning time and cost, the excitation system parameters are automatically identified and the PID gains are calculated using well-developed algorithms. A swarm intelligence (SI) technique is proposed to identify the system parameters and compared with recursive least square (RLS) with linearization via feedback. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated with several generator sets. With self-tuned PID gains, commissioning is accomplished very quickly with excellent performance results.
Worldwide H. pylori antibiotic resistance: a systematic review. (2010)

The worldwide H. pylori antibiotic resistance towards different antibiotics has increased. Such a phenomenon may affect therapeutic management in different countries.
Gaylussacia dumosa var. bigeloviana Fernald (1976)

https://thekeep.eiu.edu/herbarium_specimens_byname/16645/thumbnail.jpg
Anatomical features in histological sections of Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin, 1791) as an aid in management of gonad area for reproductive assessment (1989)

The relationship between gonad area in transverse histological sections of the American oyster Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin 1790) and body location from which the section was cut was studied in specimens collected from four stations in the James River, Virginia in 1984 and 1986. Gonad area, expressed as percentage of total body area, increases in an antero-posterior direction; this requires use of sections from the same body location in comparisons between oysters. Approximate body locations, identified according to the anatomy and arrangement of the internal organs in the sections, were grouped into five types with similar gonad area percentages. One of those types is uniquely suitable for identification of a specific body location because it includes an easily recognizable pair of H-shaped structures corresponding to the posterior appendix of the anterior stomach caecum; furthermore, the recommended section type can be readily found on the whole oyster because it is located close to the junction of the gills and the labial palps. Gamete volume fraction (GVF) was positively correlated with percent gonad area (PGA) in most of the section types at three of the stations, suggesting that either measurement may be used to estimate the relative gonadal development in oysters. Differences between collection dates at the fourth station indicated what external factors may disrupt the correlation. It is suggested that gonad area measurements from a series of selected histological sections could be combined with gamete density measurements to estimate total gamete production by an oyster.
Shape Forming via Colloidal Isopressing: Reformulating a Commerical Silicon Nitride Slurry with a Commercial Silane (2003)

Abstract : Colloidal Isopressing is a new shape forming method that requires a pre-consolidated slurry with a flow stress much less than that of a commercial throwing clay (< 0.1 MPa), so that it can be injected into a rubber cavity and isopressed. It is shown that the desired interparticle pair potential can be achieved with a commercial silane for a commercial Si3N4 aqueous slurry (NT 154-X12) containing densification aids. Unlike previous work, this silane has a relatively short molecular length and unlike previous results, the addition of salt was not needed to shorten the molecule and achieve the rheological behavior after pre-consolidation. The results of this study also show that the transition from a fluid-like to elastic-like behavior after consolidation was related to the relative density achieved during the pre-consolidation step, which was dependent on the consolidation pressure.