gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Hypophysectomy and Hormone Replacement on Hormone Receptor Levels and the Growth of 7,12 Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-Induced Mammary Tumors in the Rat* (1980)

17β-Estradiol (E2) and PRL were administered after hypophysectomy (hypox), either alone or in combination, to rats bearing 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced mammary tumors in order to clarify the individual role of these hormones on tumor growth and estrogen (ER), progesterone (PgR), and PRL (PRLR) receptor content. Of 180 tumors, 150 (83%) regressed, 5 (3%) remained stable, and 25 (14%) continued to grow after hypox. The administration of ovine PRL (oPRL) after hypox, reactivated the growth of regressing mammary tumors, whereas E2 did not. No synergism between E2 and oPRL on tumor growth was observed. These hormones had no discernible effect on the growth rate of stable and growing tumors. PgR in hormone-dependent tumors declined from 69.9 ± 15.9 to 15 ± 8.4 fmol/mg (P < 0.005) 6 days after hypox and to 4.5 ± 4.2 fmol/mg cytosol protein (P < 0.005) 16 days after hypox. E2 administration (5 μg/day), begun 6 days after hypox and continued for 9 days, restored PgR to control levels. oPRL administration (20 IU/day) for 11 days, starting 6 days after hypox, had no effect on the PgR level. The ER level did not change in 6 days (25.5 ± 3 vs. 24.5 ± 4.2 fmol/mg) but declined to 9.2 ± 2.3 fmol/mg (P < 0.0005) in hormone-dependent tumors 16 days after hypox. The administration of either E2 or oPRL prevented the fall in ER noted in the untreated group. The PRLR level in hormone-dependent tumors declined slowly after hypox from 41.8 ± 6.1 to 35.4 ± 8.8 fmol/mg in 6 days (P = NS) and to 11.8 ± 3.4 fmol/mg (P < 0.005) in 16 days. The dministration of either E2 or PRL prevented the fall in PRLR noted in the untreated group. There was no synergism between E2 and PRL in their effects on ER, PgR, and PRLR levels in mammary tumors. ER, PgR, and PRLR were present at similar levels in hormone-independent tumors, and thus are not predictive of hormone dependency. PgR synthesis was estrogen dependent in the hormone-independent tumors. The changes in ER after hypox and PRL administration showed trends similar to those in the hormone-dependent tumors, but the differences were not statistically significant. We conclude that PRL is the predominant hormone controlling the growth of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced mammary tumors in rats. E2 administration induces PgR synthesis in the tumors without influencing tumor growth. The administration of either E2 or PRL after hypox can maintain both ER and PRLR levels. Thus, E2 might play an indirect role in tumor growth by maintaining PRLR. No synergism between E2 and PRL was seen in their effects on tumor growth or ER, PgR, and PRLR levels. The presence of these hormone receptors does not predict hormone responsiveness in this tumor model.
Digitale Transformation des Gesundheitssektors (2019)

Die Digitalisierung hat bereits viele Lebensbereiche grundlegend verändert. Auch vor dem Gesundheitswesen macht sie nicht halt. Die Umbrüche, die uns hier bevorstehen, sind unausweichlich und können sowohl für den ambulanten als auch den stationären Sektor auch als Chance verstanden werden. Dieser Beitrag beleuchtet die neuen digitalen Nutzanwendungen und deren Herausforderungen.
An improved high performance liquid chromatographic post‐column derivatization procedure for the UV — Vis spectroscopic characterization of phenolic compounds (1991)

Abstract An improved method is described for the characterization of phenolic compounds using post‐column shift reagents following their separation by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Modifications include the use of NaOH to adjust the pH of the column effluent, prior to introducing the AICI 3 and H 3 BO 3 reagents, and the use of commercially available spin chambers for efficiently mixing the effluent with the reagents, resulting in a negligible loss of resolution. Shifts obtained by the HPLC post‐column derivatization and the conventional procedure are comparable.
Cocoa polyphenols treatment ameliorates visceral obesity by reduction lipogenesis and promoting fatty acid oxidation genes in obese rats through interfering with AMPK pathway (2015)

This study was conducted to investigate the pharmacological activity of cocoa polyphenols (CPs) on visceral obesity markers and the possible mechanisms. In this study, Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were fed either a low‐fat diet (LFD) or a high‐fat diet (HFD). After 12 wk of diet intervention, only one group of HFD rats ( n = 10/group) were treated at a dose of 600 mg/kg bw/day CPs (HFD + CPs) for 4 wk. The gene and protein expression levels of phosphorylation of AMPK‐activated protein kinase α/β (AMPK α/β) were measured using real time‐PCR and Western blotting. The mRNA expression of lipogenic key enzymes (Acaca, Fasn, Mcat, and Scd‐1), and β‐oxidation key enzymes (CPT1, Prkaa1, Acox1) were investigated. In addition, the upstream transcription factors (PPARα, PPARγ, C/EBPα, and SREBP‐1c) were also examined. In accordance with these findings, CPs treatment improved visceral adiposity, adipocytes hypertrophy, and liver steatosis. AMP‐activated protein kinase α/β (AMPK α/β) phosphorylation in liver and adipose tissue of HFD + CPs‐treated rats was activated compared with HFD‐fed rats. The expression of lipogensis related‐genes was decreased, while expression levels of β‐oxidation‐related genes were increased compared with HFD‐fed rats. Together, these data partially unravel the ameliorative effects of CPs treatment on visceral obesity markers by inhibiting lipogenesis and promoting β‐oxidation related‐genes through activation of the AMPK pathway. Practical applications: There is a metabolic logic linking the expended visceral or abdominal fat depot to dyslipidemia. The conceivability of using a natural dietary supplement to regulate lipid metabolism homeostasis is appealing as this by product of the defatted cocoa juice industry is non‐toxic, cheap, and has shown hypolipidemic properties. This is essentially significant in the context of the rising costs of obesity and its related diseases care. The ability of polyphenolics to suppress SREBP‐1c, the target of statins, while activating PPARα, the target of fibrates, suggest it can naturally find its role in the treatment of hyperlipidemia. The molecular mechanism underlying the therapeutic actions of polyphenolics ‐derived cocoa against visceral obesity has been partially unveiled in this research. Our findings suggest that CPs treatment attenuated diet‐induced visceral obesity via transcriptional regulation of AMPK mediating lipid metabolism‐related genes in the liver and visceral white adipose tissue.
Role of endothelin‐1 in congestive gastropathy in portal hypertensive rats (2000)

This study showed that ET-1 is a potent vasoconstrictive substance that also has a transitory vasodilative response through NO induced by ET-1 in portal hypertension. In addition, it was found that the vascular permeability of the gastric mucosa increased in portal hypertension and that Ro47-0203 inhibited the hyper-permeability. Accordingly, ET-1 may, thus, play an important role in the development of PHG through NO induced by ET-1. Ro47-0203 may, therefore, be a useful substance for improving PHG in portal hypertension.
HAR: Hierarchy-Based Anycast Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks (2005)

In this paper, we present hierarchy-based any-cast routing (HAR), a routing protocol for collecting data over multihop, wireless sensor networks. The design of the protocol aims to satisfy the requirements of sensor networks that every sensor transmits sensed data to the base station periodically or spontaneously. The base station constructs hierarchical tree by finding its child nodes which in turn discover their own child nodes and so on. HAR avoids both flooding and periodic updating of routing information but the tree will be reconstructed upon node failures or adding of new nodes. By knowing only its own parent and grandparent, each sensor can make forwarding decisions regardless of the knowledge on other neighboring nodes or geographical information. We evaluate the performance of HAR by using the ns-2 simulator and comparing with those of both DSR and AODV. The simulation results demonstrate that HAR achieves much higher delivery ratio and lower latency on various scenarios.
Stars and their spectra: an introduction to the spectral sequence (1989)

List of illustrations List of tables and displays Acknowledgements 1. Stars 2. Atoms and spectra 3. The spectral sequence 4. The M stars: red supergiants to dwarfs 5. The K stars: orange giants and brighter dwarfs 6. Our sun and its cousins: the G stars 7. Class F: stars in transition 8. The white stars of class A 9. The B stars: beacons of light 10. Class O: the head of the spectral sequence 11. Extraordinary classes 12. Journeys on the HR diagram Star index Subject index.
Supplementary Data from Noninvasive Detection of Microsatellite Instability and High Tumor Mutation Burden in Cancer Patients Treated with PD-1 Blockade (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Radiographic Imaging of Case CS98 Displaying a Complete Response to Immune Checkpoint Blockade.&lt;/p&gt;
A CYB5R3 splicing defect in a cat with methemoglobinemia and dehydrated erythrocytes (2023)

Introduction Methemoglobinemia refers to accumulation of erythrocytic methemoglobin (metHb) in which heme Fe3+ cannot carry oxygen. It is caused by excessive oxidative damage, hereditary cytochrome b5 reductase (CYB5R) deficiency or dysfunction of the cytochrome b5 redox pathway. Hereditary CYB5R deficiency and causal genetic variants have been described in humans, as well as in cats and dogs.
Object Detection Based on Region Decomposition and Assembly (2019)

Region-based object detection infers object regions for one or more categories in an image. Due to the recent advances in deep learning and region proposal methods, object detectors based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been flourishing and provided the promising detection results. However, the detection accuracy is degraded often because of the low discriminability of object CNN features caused by occlusions and inaccurate region proposals. In this paper, we therefore propose a region decomposition and assembly detector (R-DAD) for more accurate object detection.In the proposed R-DAD, we first decompose an object region into multiple small regions. To capture an entire appearance and part details of the object jointly, we extract CNN features within the whole object region and decomposed regions. We then learn the semantic relations between the object and its parts by combining the multi-region features stage by stage with region assembly blocks, and use the combined and high-level semantic features for the object classification and localization. In addition, for more accurate region proposals, we propose a multi-scale proposal layer that can generate object proposals of various scales. We integrate the R-DAD into several feature extractors, and prove the distinct performance improvement on PASCAL07/12 and MSCOCO18 compared to the recent convolutional detectors.
Gallbladder imaging. The state of the art. (1991)

Cholelithiasis and its sequelae are readily identified by the myriad imaging techniques available. Understanding the technical issues and correlation of specific findings with the clinical symptoms is essential for accurate diagnosis.
Optically Transparent Gold Nanoparticles for DSSC Counter-Electrode: An Electrochemical Characterization (2022)

A gold nanoparticles transparent electrode was realized by chemical reduction. This work aims to compare the transparent gold nanoparticles electrode with a more commonly utilized gold-film-coated electrode in order to investigate its potential use as counter-electrode (CE) in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). A series of DSSC devices, utilizing I<sup>-</sup>/I<sup>3-</sup> and Co(III)/(II) polypyridine redox mediators [Co(dtb)3]<sup>3+</sup>/<sup>2+</sup>; dtb = 4,4'ditert-butyl-2,2'-bipyridine)], were evaluated. The investigation focused firstly on the structural characterization of the deposited gold layers and then on the electrochemical study. The novelty of the work is the realization of a gold nanoparticles CE that reached 80% of average visible transmittance. We finally examined the performance of the transparent gold nanoparticles CE in DSSC devices. A maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 4.56% was obtained with a commercial I<sup>-</sup>/I<sup>3-</sup>-based electrolyte, while a maximum 3.1% of PCE was obtained with the homemade Co-based electrolyte.
Neutralizing Antibodies Limit Cell-Associated Spread of Human Cytomegalovirus in Epithelial Cells and Fibroblasts (2022)

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) can cause severe clinical disease in immunocompromised individuals, such as allograft recipients and infants infected in utero. Neutralizing activity of antibodies, measured as the ability to prevent the entry of cell-free virus, has been correlated with the reduction in HCMV transmission and the severity of HCMV-associated disease. However, in vivo HCMV amplification may occur mainly via cell-to-cell spread. Thus, quantifying the inhibition of cell-to-cell transmission could be important in the evaluation of therapeutic antibodies and/or humoral responses to infection or immunization. Here, we established a quantitative plaque reduction assay, which allowed for the measurement of the capacity of antibodies to limit HCMV spread in vitro. Using an automated fluorescence spot reader, infection progression was assayed by the expansion of viral plaques during the course of infection with various GFP-expressing viruses. We found that in contrast to non-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), neutralizing mAbs against both glycoprotein B and H (gB and gH) could significantly inhibit viral plaque expansion of different HCMV strains and was equally efficient in fibroblasts as in epithelial cells. In contrast, an anti-pentamer mAb was active only in epithelial cells. Taken together, our data demonstrate that specific anti-HCMV mAbs can significantly limit cell-associated virus spread in vitro.
Chemie und Technik der Acetylen‐Druck‐Reaktionen (1950)

Abstract In diesem Abschnitt 1. Teil: diese Ztschr. 22, 273/83 [1950]. Die Aufsatzreihe wird als Buch von etwa 130 Seiten Umfang zum Preise von ca. DM 8.— in Ganzleinen Ende 1950 erscheinen. Vor‐ bestellungen an den Verlag Chemie, GmbH., Weinheim/Bergstrsße, (Bestellschein im Anzeigenteil). gibt der Verfasser eine gedrängte Übersicht übersicht über die vier Hauptreaktionen des von ihm erschlossenen Gebietes der Chemie des Acetylens und Kohlenoxyds. Es sind dies die Vinylierung, Äthinylierung, Cyclisierende Polymerisation und Carbonylierung. Eine Auswahl der wichtigsten neuen Reaktionen wird gebracht. Auf die große Zahl der damit erschlossenen und bisher nicht oder nur scwer zugänglichen Verbindungen kann nur hingewiesen werden Ausführlichere Darstellung siehe W. Reppe : Neue Entwicklungen auf dem Gebiet dar Chernie des Acetylens und Kohlenoxyds, Springer‐Verlag. Berlin‐Göttingen‐Heidelberg 1949. .
Long-term organ culture system to study the effects of UV-A irradiation on lens transglutaminase. (2001)

The purpose of the study was to investigate the mechanisms by which UV-A at 365 nm causes damage to the eye lens. Bovine lenses were placed in special culture cells and were oriented so that the anterior surface faced the incident UV-A radiation source. The lenses were maintained in the cells during irradiation. After 5 days in culture, samples of lens epithelium, cortex, and nucleus were taken for biochemical analysis. Transglutaminase activity in the lens was affected by the radiation and showed increased activity in the lens cortex and nucleus. Specific lens protein, betaB1 crystallin (one of the enzyme substrates), was analyzed by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunobloting with specific antibodies. The crystallin was affected as was shown by the appearance of degradation products. There is correlative information but no clear proof that transglutaminase is involved in the mechanisms by which UV-A causes damage to the eye lens.
Modeling Wellbore Proppant Transport and Distribution Across a Single Hydraulic Fracturing Stage Under Field Conditions Using Computational Fluid Dynamics (2021)

Abstract Successfully treating each cluster within a hydraulic fracturing stage is a key objective for "plug-n-perf" well completions. Most operating companies would agree that the main underlying desire for a successful completion is related to future production capability. In unconventional reservoirs, propped and conductive hydraulic fractures are the primary completion result that drives production and reserve recovery. When designing a treatment, the spacing of clusters is critical to optimizing production and reserve recovery parameters, and therefore, even proppant distribution across a single stage delivers a well the greatest potential for optimized production performance. Diverting the fracturing fluid and proppant evenly across the clusters in a stage allows the greatest opportunity for each cluster to produce equally and drain the associated reservoir volume. Generating equal, producing fractures across a horizontal wellbore is a difficult problem that operators are still trying to solve. This work models the fluid and proppant distribution across a field-scale, 250-ft long, horizontal hydraulic fracturing stage, replicating realistic field conditions. By utilizing computational fluid dynamics (CFD), this paper investigates the effected proppant distribution results from a fracturing stage mimicking the presence of both a leaking plug and the impacts of stress shadowing. The proppant concentration throughout the wellbore, along with internal wellbore pressure and velocity, are also reviewed to gain an understanding of the effect of the field conditions. Additionally, this paper illustrates the effect of different proppant "ramping" conditions during the fracturing stage. Proppant ramping schedules can be smooth or sharp when increasing proppant concentration, which alters the proppant concentrations throughout the wellbore and associated perforation clusters. Unanticipated alterations of the proppant concentration within the wellbore can lead to early screenouts. Gaining a better understanding of the proppant distribution and concentration inside the wellbore can lead to improved designs of hydraulic fracturing completions.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of 1,4-naphthoquinones and quinoline-5,8-diones as antimalarial and schistosomicidal agents (2012)

Improving the solubility of polysubstituted 1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives was achieved by introducing nitrogen in two different positions of the naphthoquinone core, at C-5 and at C-8 of menadione through a two-step, straightforward synthesis based on the regioselective hetero-Diels-Alder reaction. The antimalarial and the antischistosomal activities of these polysubstituted aza-1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives were evaluated and led to the selection of distinct compounds for antimalarial versus antischistosomal action. The Ag(II)-assisted oxidative radical decarboxylation of the phenyl acetic acids using AgNO(3) and ammonium peroxodisulfate was modified to generate the 3-picolinyl-menadione with improved pharmacokinetic parameters, high antimalarial effects and capacity to inhibit the formation of β-hematin.
Gender differences in height: an evolutionary perspective. (2004)

Homo sapiens (H. sapiens) exhibits growth characteristics not observed in other mammals, including other primates. Both male and female H. sapiens experience pubertal growth spurts and are not sexually dimorphic in adult stature. These unique growth characteristics must have evolved to benefit the reproductive success and survival of the species. The H. sapiens childhood is relatively protracted, and the pubertal growth spurt may be a compensatory measure to attain adult size in a relatively short time. Because reproductive patterns of H. sapiens have evolved away from a male-dominated social structure, large male size no longer confers a reproductive advantage. The relatively large female size of H. sapiens might have evolved to support the birth of offspring with ever-increasing cranial characteristics. Growth in H. sapiens depends largely on GH-dependent STAT5b regulation of IGF-I expression. STAT5b in other mammals contributes to growth in males only. Although speculative, the loss of sexual dimorphism in H. sapiens may reflect a progressive dependence on STAT5b to control growth.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Functionalized Biaryl Compounds via Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Aryltrialkoxysilanes with Aryl Bromides. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Photoluminescence of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (1977)

Amorphous silicon obtained by the glow-discharge decomposition of silane can contain on the order of 18–50 at.% of hydrogen. Heating this material above 350 °C causes the evolution of H2. The photoluminescence efficiency decreases with increasing hydrogen depletion.
Pre-Clinical Evaluation of a Real-Time PCR Assay on a Portable Instrument as a Possible Field Diagnostic Tool: Experiences from the Testing of Clinical Samples for African and Classical Swine Fever Viruses (2016)

African swine fever (ASF) and classical swine fever (CSF) are two highly infectious transboundary animal diseases (TADs) that are serious threats to the pig industry worldwide, including in China, the world's largest pork producer. In this study, a duplex real-time PCR assay was developed for the rapid detection and differentiation of African swine fever virus (ASFV) and classical swine fever virus (CSFV). The assay was performed on a portable, battery-powered PCR thermocycler with a low sample throughput (termed as 'T-COR4 assay'). The feasibility and reliability of the T-COR4 assay as a possible field method was investigated by testing clinical samples collected in China. When evaluated with reference materials or samples from experimental infections, the assay performed in a reliable manner, producing results comparable to those obtained from stationary PCR platforms. Of 59 clinical samples, 41 had results identical to a two-step CSFV real-time PCR assay. No ASFV was detected in these samples. The T-COR4 assay was technically easy to perform and produced results within 3 h, including sample preparation. In combination with a simple sample preparation method, the T-COR4 assay provides a new tool for the field diagnosis and differentiation of ASF and CSF, which could be of particular value in remote areas.
Equalizer-based symbol-rate timing recovery for digital subscriber line systems (2003)

This paper derives a class of equalizer-based symbol-rate timing recovery algorithms, which are to be employed in digital subscriber line (DSL) systems. These algorithms are intended to break the coupling of the adaptive decision-directed timing recovery and the baud-spaced equalizer in tracking mode, once acquisition has been reached. As the derivation is based on a generalized complex-valued system model, the results can be applied for all common DSL systems employing baseband and passband modulation schemes, like PAM, QAM and CAP. Exemplarily, an algorithm based on the ratio of the largest precursor tap weight and the cursor tap weight is derived for very high data-rate DSL (VDSL) based on QAM transmission. It is shown by means of simulations, that destructive coupling is prevented. A simple modification of the complex-valued equalizer structure with cursor-normalized tap weights allows an easy implementation of the derived timing recovery algorithm.