gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genome sequence of Valsa canker pathogens uncovers a potential adaptation of colonization of woody bark (2015)

Canker caused by ascomycetous Valsa species are among the most destructive diseases of woody plants worldwide. These pathogens are distinct from other pathogens because they only effectively attack tree bark in the field. To unravel the potential adaptation mechanism of bark colonization, we examined the genomes of Valsa mali and Valsa pyri that preferentially infect apple and pear, respectively. We reported the 44.7 and 35.7 Mb genomes of V. mali and V. pyri, respectively. We also identified the potential genomic determinants of wood colonization by comparing them with related cereal pathogens. Both genomes encode a plethora of pathogenicity-related genes involved in plant cell wall degradation and secondary metabolite biosynthesis. In order to adapt to the nutrient limitation and low pH environment in bark, they seem to employ membrane transporters associated with nitrogen uptake and secrete proteases predominantly with acidic pH optima. Remarkably, both Valsa genomes are especially suited for pectin decomposition, but are limited in lignocellulose and cutin degradation. Besides many similarities, the two genomes show distinct variations in many secondary metabolism gene clusters. Our results show a potential adaptation of Valsa canker pathogens to colonize woody bark. Secondary metabolism gene clusters are probably responsible for this host specificity.
Simulation of the proton implantation process in silicon (2016)

Abstract Proton implantation is one of many processes used to ad‐just the electronic and mechanical properties of silicon. Though the process has been extensively studied, it is still not clear which exact defects are formed and what their concentration profiles are. In this article, a simulation method is presented, which provides a better understanding of the implantation process. The simulation takes into account the diffusion of mobile point defects and their reactions to defect complexes, as well as the dissociation of defect complexes. Concentration profiles for a set of defect complexes after an implantation at 400 keV and a dose of 5 × 10 14 H + cm −2 are presented. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
GhDET2, a steroid 5α‐reductase, plays an important role in cotton fiber cell initiation and elongation (2007)

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fibers, one of the most important natural raw materials for textile industry, are highly elongated trichomes from epidermal cells of cotton ovules. DET2, an Arabidopsis steroid 5d-reductase, is considered to catalyze a major rate-limiting in brassinosteroid (BR) biosynthesis. To understand the role of BRs in cotton fiber development, GhDET2, which putatively encodes a steroid 5alpha-reductase by sequence comparison, was cloned from developing fiber cells. In vitro assessment of GhDET2 protein activity confirmed that GhDET2 encodes a functional steroid 5alpha-redutase. High levels of GhDET2 transcript were detected during the fiber initiation stage and the fiber rapid elongation stage. Antisense-mediated suppression of GhDET2 inhibited both fiber initiation and fiber elongation. Similarly, treating cultured ovules with finasteride, a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor, reduced fiber elongation. Inhibition of fiber cell elongation by expression of antisense GhDET2 or the finasteride treatment could be reversed by epibrassinolide, a biologically active BR. Furthermore, seed coat-specific expression of GhDET2 increased fiber number and length. Therefore, GhDET2 and BRs play a crucial role in the initiation and elongation of cotton fiber cells, suggesting that modulation of BR biosynthesis factors may improve fiber quality or yield.
The privacy/security tradeoff across jointly designed linear authentication systems (2014)

In the area of secure biometrics, work has been done to build an information theoretic framework characterizing privacy and security of single biometric systems. People have worked extensively on designing such systems, some cryptographic in nature, and others tied to error correcting codes. However, there is still little known about security and privacy across multiple jointly designed systems. This work will focus on the privacy/security tradeoff across multiple “secure sketch” biometric systems. Secure sketch is a type of biometric system architecture related to error-correcting codes where a system is characterized by a parity-check matrix over a finite field, or equivalently by a subspace of a vector space over that same field. Given a set of systems (a design), we introduce worst-case measures of privacy leakage and security in the case that a subset of the systems becomes compromised. It turns out that more secure designs are necessarily less private and vice versa. We study the tradeoff between privacy and security by relaxing a restricted version of the problem, by studying the algebraic structure of the problem, and by formulating graph theoretic questions. These approaches generate bounds on achievable privacy/security pairs.
Modeling Protection Systems in Time-Domain Simulations: A New Method to Detect Mis-Operating Relays for Unstable Power Swings (2016)

Large power system disturbances can cause stable or unstable power swings. Unstable power swings result in generator pole slipping. A generator or group of generators may accelerate or decelerate, leading to voltage depression at the electrical center along with generator tripping. This voltage depression may cause protective relay mis-operation and unintentional separation of the system. In order to avoid unintentional islanding, the potentially mis-operating relays should be blocked from tripping. This paper proposes a novel method to determine the location of the mis-operating relays at the planning phase. Blocking these mis-operating relays, combined with an appropriate islanding scheme, help avoid a system-wide collapse. The proposed method is tested on data from the Western Electricity Coordinating Council. A triple line outage of the California-Oregon Intertie is studied. The electrical center is determined and appropriate out-of-step blocking schemes are identified. The results show that the correct design of out-of-step protective relays improves the dynamic performance of the power system and causes less fluctuations in voltage and frequency throughout the system.
Multiplier-less FIR digital filters using programmable sum-of-power-of-two (SOPOT) coefficients (2003)

This paper proposes a new architecture for the implementation of multiplier-less FIR digital filters with programmable sum-of-powers-of-two (SOPOT) or canonical signed digit (CSD) coefficient representations. The multiplier-less FIR filter is implemented as the direct form structure with the filter coefficients represented as SOPOT representation, which can be realized as limited number of shifts and additions. Traditional VLSI implementations of multiplier-less FIR filters are usually hardwired and the filter coefficients cannot be programmed online. The proposed architecture is very modular in the structure and it can be connected to implement the multiplier-less FIR filter with arbitrary filter order and SOPOT terms using programmable SOPOT coefficients. The structure is also pipelined to achieve a high data throughput rate at low hardware cost. The proposed architecture was implemented and tested using the Altera FLEX 10K Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA). The finite wordlength effect such as signal roundoff and overflow errors are also taken into account. A design example is given to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed architecture.
Día de la Mujer y la Niña en la Ciencia - Montserrat Calleja (2019)

Datos técnicos: 2 minutos, color, español. Ficha técnica: Gabinete de Presidencia CSIC y Departamento de Comunicación
The Measurement of Biological Shape and Shape Change. (1980)

3. VII-4.VII-5.VII-6.VII-7.VII-8.VII-9.VII-10.VIII-I.IX-I.VIII
Beam Detection Using Residual Gas Ionization (1969)

The nondestructive beam detector systems originated at Argonne National Laboratory allow continuous measurement of the proton beam position and beam profile in the Zero Gradient Synchrotron (ZGS) during the accelerating and targeting cycle. Nondestructive detection is accomplished by collecting the ions produced by the proton beam ionizing residual gas in the vacuum chamber. The amplitude of the electrical currents obtained by collecting these ions onto a variety of electrodes depends on the distribution of the protons in the beam. The characteristics of the electric signals make them suitable as inputs to computer systems. Both analog and digital techniques have been used to determine beam position and profile. These beam detection systems have been used for measuring the properties of the 50 MeV beam between the injector linac and the synchrotron ring; for studying the steering and the radial growth of the size of the beam during acceleration; and for measurements during the targeting sequences.
State of art precisielandbouw, tracking en tracing en de toepassingsmogelijkheden in de boomteelt (2005)

Dit rapport geeft door middel van een quickscan een inventarisatie van de state of art van de precisie landbouw en van het gebruik van tracing en tracking methoden in zowel de veeteelt als in de groente- en versketen. Er is gekeken welke technieken en methoden met meerwaarde toegepast kunnen worden in boomteeltssector. Technieken en methoden voor geavanceerde mechanisatie uit de akkerbouw en glastuinbouw komen in aanmerking voor toepassing binnen bepaalde deelsectoren van de boomteelt. Van belang is dat deze technieken en methoden niet zonder meer worden overgenomen, maar dat de boomteeltsector zelf voor zijn problemen een programma van eisen opstelt en op grond daarvan een methode uit andere sectoren kiest en weet hoe deze aan te passen aan de boomteelt. Goede kanshebbers zijn geavanceerde mechanische onkruidbestrijding, autonome voertuigen, robotisering voor bijvoorbeeld snoeien en mobiele teelten voor de containerteelt. Voor tracing en tracking lijken er goede mogelijkheden te zijn om bij kostbare laanbomen injectaten te gaan gebruiken. De gebruiker, zoals de gemeente hoeft deze dan niet meer aan te brengen, wat voor een meerwaarde zorgt. De teler kan met behulp van andere sensoren bijvoorbeeld gegevens over het weer of de bodemgesteldheid opslaan gedurende de hele levensloop van de boom op zijn bedrijf. Op dezelfde manier kunnen ook de transportomstandigheden worden opgeslagen en gekoppeld aan een individuele boom. Op deze manier is duidelijk waar de aansprakelijkheid ligt wanneer een boom niet aanslaat. Een invoering van injectaten staat of valt met standaardisatie. Dit moet vroegtijdig opgestart worden, zodat voorkomen wordt dat er verschillende, niet compatibele systemen in omloop komen. Voor overige gewassen kan dit bovenstaande ook uitgevoerd worden, maar daar zal het identificatiemiddel dan bijvoorbeeld op de transportkar moeten worden aangebracht.
Managing elasticity across multiple cloud providers (2013)

In the context of cloud computing, elasticity is the capacity to scale computing resources up and down easily. Currently, most Platforms as a Service (PaaS) manage application elasticity within a single cloud provider. However, the not so infrequent issue of cloud outages has become a concern that hinders the availability of cloud-based applications. The most promising solutions to this issue are those based on the federation of multiple clouds. In this paper, we present a Multi-Cloud-PaaS architecture. We show how this architecture can be used for managing elasticity across multiple cloud providers.
Some Numerical Experiments on the Evolution of the Terrestrial Atmosphere and Hydrosphere (1967)

Evolution of the atmosphere and the hydrosphere is discussed, based upon a hypothesis that they have grown by a gradual outgassing of H2O, CO2, HCl, N2, CO and H2S from the interior of the earth. A liquid state of H2O at the terrestrial surface plays an important role and the partial pressure of CO2 in the atmophere does not change appreciably owing to its high solubility into the sea water. Equilibrium composition of the outgassing materials is calculated for T=300-2, 000°K, P=1-104atm., and various values of H/O. The method of minimizing the total free energy is employed (§2). Equilibrium composition of the sea water is calculated as a function of Cl- concentration and POO2. Concentrations of Na+, K+, Mg+2 are assumed to be controlled by the exchange reactions between the sea water and the Al-silicates. Based upon the results thus obtained, a chemical model of the evolution of the atmosphere and the hydrosphere is presented where a quasi-static equilibrium state is supposed (§3).For the next, physical aspects of the dynamic character of the model are discussed. Numerical experiments are carried out for the dynamic geochemical cycle in which the material supply from the mantle and the material transfer via atmosphere and the solid crust are considered. A nearly steady state of the composition of the sea water (Cl, S, Na, K, Ca, Mg) is obtained (§4). A few numerical experiments on the geochemical cycle of carbon including biological bodies are also carried out (§5).
A Handheld Laparoscopic Forceps Manipulator using Multi-Slider Linkage Mechanisms (2004)

This paper proposes a new handheld laparoscopic forceps manipulator for laparoscopic surgery using 2 bending mechanisms by multi-slider linkage mechanisms to achieve high mechanical performance and applicability. A bending mechanism consisted of 3 outer frames, 2 rotating joints and 2 sliding linkages for drive and restraint. The rotation of the joint was available by pulling/pushing the adjacent element by sliding linkage in order. We connected 2 bending mechanisms, one was for the horizontal plane bending and the other was for the vertical plane bending, enabling 2-DOFs independent motions between -90 degrees and +90 degrees. The 2-DOFs bending mechanism and 1-DOF forceps mechanism were driven by 3 brushless DC-servomotors. We examined the actual angle of 2-DOFs bending mechanism, obtaining repeatability of ±0.87 degrees in the horizontal plane bending and ±0.91 degrees in the vertical plane bending. In an animal experiment this manipulator performed laparoscopic surgical tasks under pneumoperitoneum. In conclusion, we were sure of a usefulness of multi-slider linkage mechanisms for the new handheld forceps manipulator to clinical application, which showed high repeatability of less 1.0mm manipulation and large working space with sufficient generated power of end-effector.
Selektivität und Wirkungsmechanismus neuer DNA‐spaltender Sulfone (1991)

Eine einfache intercalierende Gruppe wie der Naphthylrest erhöht die DNA‐Spaltungsaktivität ungesättigter Sulfone wie 1 . Dies demonstrieren die Verbindungen 2 und 3 . Für 1 wurde ein selektiver Angriff an Guaninresten nachgewiesen. Die Wirkung dieser Verbindungsklasse beruht auf einer Alkylierungsreaktion. magnified image
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Flinderoles B and C by a Gold‐Catalyzed Allene Hydroarylation. (2011)

Abstract The gold(I)‐catalyzed key step performed with allenyl indole (I) establishes three unique structural features of flinderole B (III) and C (IV): are the pyrrolidine ring C, the C‐3′ isobutenyl functionality, and the unsaturation at C‐14′.
Acceptability of the Female Condom Among Sex Workers in Thailand (2001)

Two-thirds of the sex workers were satisfied with the female condom. Difficulties at insertion, discomfort during use, and clients' attitude were potential obstacles to the use of the female condom in the future.
Frequent Amyloid Deposition Without Significant Cognitive Impairment Among the Elderly (2008)

Amyloid deposition can be identified among cognitively normal elderly persons during life, and the prevalence of asymptomatic amyloid deposition may be similar to that of symptomatic amyloid deposition. In this group of participants without clinically significant impairment, amyloid deposition was not associated with worse cognitive function, suggesting that an elderly person with a significant amyloid burden can remain cognitively normal. However, this finding is based on relatively small numbers and needs to be replicated in larger cohorts. Longitudinal follow-up of these subjects will be required to support the potential of PiB imaging to identify preclinical Alzheimer disease, or, alternatively, to show that amyloid deposition is not sufficient to cause Alzheimer disease within some specified period.
CLDN1 Sensitizes Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells to Chemotherapy (2022)

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype that constitutes 15-20% of breast cancer cases worldwide. Current therapies often evolve into chemoresistance and lead to treatment failure. About 77% of the TNBC lacks claudin-1 (CLDN1) expression, a major tight junction component, and this absence is correlated with poorer prognostic. Little is known about CLDN1 role on the chemosensitivity of breast cancer. Our clinical data analysis reveals that CLDN1 low expression is correlated to a poor prognostic in TNBC patients. Next, the sensitivity of various TNBC "claudin-1-high" or "claudin-1-low" cells to three compounds belonging to the main class of chemotherapeutic agents commonly used for the treatment of TNBC patients: 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), paclitaxel (PTX) and doxorubicin (DOX). Using RNA interference and stable overexpressing models, we demonstrated that CLDN1 expression increased the sensitivity of TNBC cell lines to these chemotherapeutic agents. Taken together, our data established the important role of CLDN1 in TNBC cells chemosensitivity and supported the hypothesis that CLDN1 could be a chemotherapy response predictive marker for TNBC patients. This study could allow new treatment protocols creation aimed to induce CLDN1 expression in TNBCs to increase their sensitivity to chemotherapy.
Preparation for Deposition (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Principles Conventional Processes Emerging Technology Measuring Degree of Cleanliness Strategies for Cleaning References
Fuzzy logic-based relaying for large power transformer protection (2003)

Power transformer protective relay should block the tripping during magnetizing inrush and rapidly operate the tripping during internal faults. The frequency environment of power system has been made more complicated and the quantity of 2nd frequency component in inrush state has been decreased because of the improvement of core steel. Then, traditional approaches will likely be maloperated in the case of magnetizing inrush with low second harmonic component and internal faults with high second harmonic component. This paper proposes a new relaying algorithm to enhance the fault detection sensitivities of conventional techniques by using a fuzzy logic approach. The proposed fuzzy-based relaying algorithm consists of flux-differential current derivative curve, harmonic restraint, and percentage differential characteristic curve. The proposed relaying was tested with relaying signals obtained from Salford EMTP simulation package and showed a fast and accurate trip operation.
Structure-dependent electronic properties of nanocrystalline cerium oxide films (2003)

We investigate the electronic properties of nanocrystalline cerium oxide $({\mathrm{CeO}}_{x})$ films, grown by various techniques, and we establish universal relations between them and the film structure, composition, and morphology. The nanocrystalline ${\mathrm{CeO}}_{x}$ films mainly consist of ${\mathrm{CeO}}_{2}$ grains, while a considerable concentration of trivalent ${\mathrm{Ce}}^{3+}$ is distributed at the ${\mathrm{CeO}}_{2}$ grain boundaries forming amorphous ${\mathrm{Ce}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}.$ A small portion of ${\mathrm{Ce}}^{3+}$ is also located around O-vacancy sites. The optical properties of the ${\mathrm{CeO}}_{x}$ films are considered, taking into account the reported band-structure calculations. The fundamental gap ${E}_{g}$ of ${\mathrm{CeO}}_{x}$ is due to the indirect $\mathrm{O}2\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{p}\mathrm{Ce}4f$ electronic transition along the L high-symmetry lines of the Brillouin zone and it is correlated with the $[{\mathrm{Ce}}^{3+}]$ content, explaining the redshift of ${E}_{g}$ in nanostructured ${\mathrm{CeO}}_{x},$ which is due to the ${\mathrm{Ce}}^{3+}$ at the grain boundaries and not due to the quantum-size effect itself. We also correlate the energy position of the $\mathrm{O}2\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{p}\mathrm{Ce}4f$ electronic transition, which varies up to 160-meV wide, with the lattice constant of the ${\mathrm{CeO}}_{2}$ grains. We also show that the higher-order transitions are more sensitive to film composition. The refractive index, far below ${E}_{g},$ is explicitly correlated with the film density, independently of the ${\mathrm{Ce}}^{3+}/{\mathrm{Ce}}^{4+}$ and O concentrations, grain size, and lattice parameter. The density is also found to be the major factor affecting the absolute value of the ${\ensuremath{\varepsilon}}_{2}$ peak, which corresponds to the $\mathrm{O}2\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{p}\mathrm{Ce}4f$ electronic transition.
Human immunodeficiency viral long terminal repeat is functional and can be trans-activated in Escherichia coli. (1989)

The long terminal repeat (LTR) of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) contains the viral promoter, which is responsible for viral gene expression in eukaryotic cells. We have demonstrated that HIV LTR can also function as a promoter in Escherichia coli. A recombinant plasmid containing the HIV LTR linked to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene can express the enzyme efficiently upon transformation into bacteria. Mung bean nuclease analysis mapped the bacterial transcriptional start site of the promoter to the U3 region of the LTR, in contrast to transcription in eukaryotic cells, which initiates in the U3-R boundary of the LTR. The HIV LTR, besides being fully functional in E. coli, can also be specifically trans-activated by the HIV tat gene product. Trans-activation is demonstrated by an increase in chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity as well as an increase in the mRNA level of the enzyme. This trans-activation of HIV LTR by tat protein in bacteria offers a useful system to investigate further the specific interaction between tat protein with HIV LTR and the mechanisms of trans-activation.
On the Performance of Splitting Receiver with Joint Coherent and Non-Coherent Processing (2019)

In this paper, we revisit a recently proposed receiver design, named the splitting receiver, which jointly uses coherent and non-coherent processing for signal detection. By considering an improved signal model for the splitting receiver as compared to the original study in the literature, we conduct a performance analysis on the achievable data rate under Gaussian signaling and obtain a fundamentally different result on the performance gain of the splitting receiver over traditional receiver designs that use either coherent or non-coherent processing alone. Specifically, the original study ignored the antenna noise and concluded on a 50% gain in achievable data rate in the high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regime. In contrast, we include the antenna noise in the signal model and show that the splitting receiver improves the achievable data rate by a constant gap in the high SNR regime. This represents an important correction of the theoretical understanding on the performance of the splitting receiver. In addition, we examine the maximum-likelihood detection and derive a low-complexity detection rule for the splitting receiver for practical modulation schemes. Our numerical results give further insights into the conditions under which the splitting receiver achieves significant gains in terms of either achievable data rate or detection error probability.