gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Property prediction and crack growth behavior in cold sprayed Cu deposits (2021)

Low ductility of metallic deposits manufactured by cold spraying (CS) impedes potential mechanical performances in industrial applications. Through appropriate annealing treatment, the amount of both, non-bonded interfaces and work hardening promoted dislocations during CS can be significantly reduced. Consequently, the annealed samples exhibit higher strength and fracture strain than the as-deposited ones. Cu was selected as a reliable material for CS. To correlate Cu deposit strength with primary process parameters and material properties, the Cu powder strength was assessed. Crack characterization of Cu deposits was performed by in-situ microscopic observations during tensile testing. The direct observation of crack initiation, growth and final fracture allows revealing failure mechanisms. The in-situ tests allow distinguishing the effects of reduced initial defect sizes due to annealing and improved ductility in the vicinity of initial defects on possible crack growth and part failure. Considering the necessary compromise between strength, uniform elongation, ductility and microhardness, a post-spraying annealing process is desirable for CSed Cu deposits. The identification of macroscopic and micro-mechanical properties attained under respective process parameters and influences of annealing processes therefore allow identifying solutions for improvements of CSed deposits for load-carrying applications, which is a prerequisite for using CS as additive manufacturing technique.
Microorganisms spores inactivation by photocatalysis in air handling unit (2016)

International audience
Bit-level systolic array implementation of the winograd fourier transform algorithm (1985)

A bit level systolic array system is proposed for the Winograd Fourier transform algorithm. The design uses bit-serial arithmetic and, in common with other systolic arrays, features nearest-neighbour interconnections, regularity and high throughput. The short interconnections in this method contrast favourably with the long interconnections between butterflies required in the FFT. The structure is well suited to VLSI implementations. It is demonstrated how long transforms can be implemented with components designed to perform a short length transform. These components build into longer transforms preserving the regularity and structure of the short length transform design.
Bond-selective full-field optical coherence tomography (2023)

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a label-free, non-invasive 3D imaging tool widely used in both biological research and clinical diagnosis. Current OCT modalities can only visualize specimen tomography without chemical information. Here, we report a bondselective full-field OCT (BS-FF-OCT), in which a pulsed mid-infrared laser is used to modulate the OCT signal through the photothermal effect, achieving label-free bond-selective 3D sectioned imaging of highly scattering samples. We first demonstrate BS-FF-OCT imaging of 1 {\mu}m PMMA beads embedded in agarose gel. Next, we then show 3D hyperspectral imaging of polypropylene fiber mattress from a standard surgical mask. We then demonstrate BS-FFOCT imaging on biological samples, including cancer cell spheroids and C. elegans. Using an alternative pulse timing configuration, we finally demonstrate the capability of BS-FF-OCT on a bulky and highly scattering 150 {\mu}m thick mouse brain slice.
In vitro analysis of the response of multicellular tumor spheroids exposed to chemotherapeutic agents in vitro or in vivo. (1978)

Recent reports [Smith and Korgel Langmuir 2008, 24, 644-649 and Smith et al.Langmuir 2009, 25, 9518-9524] have implicated certain hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) products with iodide impurities, in the failure of a seed-mediated, silver and surfactant-assisted growth protocol, to produce gold nanorods. We used two of the three "suspect" CTAB products and a "good" CTAB product in the protocol, varying silver nitrate solutions in the growth solutions. We obtained excellent gold nanorod samples as witnessed in signature longitudinal plasmon peaks in optical extinction spectra, which we substantiated using electron microscopy. Analysis of these samples using inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) failed to detect iodide. We subsequently learnt from discussions with Smith et al. that different lot numbers within the same product had been analyzed by our respective laboratories. We can conclude that iodide impurities can vary significantly from lot to lot within a product, to such an extent that there is no guarantee that gold nanorods can be synthesized with one or other CTAB product. Conversely, labeling a CTAB product, identified by a product number or supplier name, as one whose use precludes the formation of nanorods, is also hasty.
Novel optimized biopolymer-based nanoparticles for nose-to-brain delivery in the treatment of depressive diseases (2020)

A valid option to bypass the obstacle represented by the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in brain delivery is the use of the unconventional intranasal route of administration. The treatment of depressive diseases, resulting from the depletion of a neurotransmitter in the inter-synaptic space, such as serotonin, is indirectly treated using molecules that can permeate the BBB unlike the latter. In the present article, a set of nanovectors were produced using a mucoadhesive biopolymer, <i>i.e.</i> alginate (Alg). Optimizing the reaction, polymeric nanoparticles having diameter of 30-70 nm were produced, and water stable multi-walled carbon nanotubes functionalized (MWCNT-COOH)/Alg complexes were obtained. These nanovectors were loaded with serotonin, evaluating drug loading/release. By means of Raman microscopy, the cellular internalization of the (MWCNT-COOH)/Alg complex was demonstrated. A complete biocompatibility on neuronal cells was proved for the whole set of nanovectors. Finally, a method of self-administration was tested, which involves the use of a household apparatus, such as an aerosol machine, observing a fine particulate, able to deliver the nanovectors through the nose.
SPR sensor chip based on polymer waveguide (2002)

We present a novel design for miniature and low-cost Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) sensor chip for which we employ the polymer optical waveguide fabrication technique. The chip is 12.5 mm x 30 mm with four measurement channels. This SPR sensor chip can detect changes in the refractive index of an analyte by measuring the SPR wavelength shift in the spectra of transmitted light. We evaluated the SPR refractive index sensitivity of this device for liquid sample.
Double-layer solder for tissue welding (1999)

Two solder films were pressed utilizing a parallel plate vice to form a single double-layer (DL) film. One solder layer (white layer) contained 72% ± 2% Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) and distilled water (by weight).
Functional Outcomes of Chemoradiotherapy in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer (2011)

Objective Concurrent chemoradiotherapy has become the treatment of choice for oropharyngeal and hypopharyngolaryngeal cancers in many centers. Although it has increased the rates of organ preservation, there has also been an increase in treatment‐related complications. We aimed to evaluate the functional outcomes of chemoRT in head and neck cancer. Method A retrospective study of patients treated with chemoRT at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences was performed. Demographic data and treatment outcomes were extracted, specifically feeding tube and tracheotomy dependence, number of esophageal dilatations, and the rate of hypothyroidism. Results Of the 243 patients treated with concurrent chemoRT, 152 patients received a feeding tube. The average duration of PEG use was 12 months (range, 1‐96 months). More than 70% of the patients who had a PEG more than 6 months had a T3 or T4 tumor. Thirty‐seven patients underwent esophageal dilatations, with an average of 1.8 times (range, 1‐7). The average duration for a tracheotomy was 11 months and 77% of these patients were treated for hypopharyngolaryngeal cancer. Of note, 42 patients were found to be hypothyroid, with no significant difference between the hypopharyngolaryngeal and oropharyngeal cancers. Conclusion Concurrent chemoradiotherapy leads to significant complications that reduce the quality of life of a patient. In this series 71% of the patients were feeding tube dependent despite completion of therapy more than 6 months ago. Prospective studies are needed to determine risk factors leading to increased dysphagia and tracheotomy dependence.
DDoS Defense using Address Prefix-based Priority Service (2009)

We propose a two-stage Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) defense system, which can protect a given subnet by serving existing flows and new flows with a different priority based on IP history information. Denial of Service (DoS) usually occurs when the resource of a network node or link is limited and the demand of the users for that resource exceeds the capacity. The objective of the proposed defense system is to provide continued service to existing flows even in the presence of DDoS attacks. The proposed scheme can protect existing connections effectively with a smaller memory size by reducing the monitored IP address set through sampling and per-prefix history management. We evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme through simulation.
Palladium(0)-catalyzed Coupling of 6-Bromo and 3-Iodo Derivatives of 7-Methyl-4-oxo-1,4-dihydro[1,8]naphthyridines (1999)

Substituted 4-0x0-1,4-dihydro[l,8]naphthyridines were obtained with various substituents (alyl, alkyl, carbonyl chains) by functionalization at positions 6 and 3 using a Suzuki, Heck or Stille reaction.Since the introduction in 1963 of nalidixic Acid (1) as a systemic Gram-negative Antibacterial agent,' many related derivatives have been synthesized.These types of compounds have received much attention and interest for their chemical and clinical qualities.Me Et HETEROCYCLES, Vol.51.No. 11, 1999 First we synthesize ethyl 6-bromo-l-ethyl-7-methyl-4-oxo-1,4-dihydro[l,8]naphthyridine-3-carboxylate (3) from nalidixic acid ethyl ester (2) by direct bromination, with bromine in acetic acid, in very good yield Palladium-catalyzed coupling of compound (3) with phenylboronic acid under Suzuki's conditions (Method A) gave the expected 6-phenylnaphthyridine in 80% yield.The naphthyridine (3) was treated with phenylboronic acid in presence of 5% tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(O) in toluene-methanol 411 (vlv) with 2M sodium carbonate as base.Compounds (4b,c,d) were prepared according to Heck's protocol (Method B) by using palladiurn(I1) acetate and triphenylphosphine in DMF with triethylamine as a base.The naphthyridine (3) reacts with tetramethylstannane in presence of Pd(0) to give the corresponding 6methylnaphthyridine (4e) in low yield, even in presence of CuBr as co-catalyst (Method C). CO,E1Me
Colourless products of melanocyte activity (1995)

d'lschia, M.1; Memoli, S.1; Napolitano, A.1; Nappi, A. J.2; Prota, G.1 Author Information
Dysiherbaine: A New Generation of Excitatory Amino Acids of Marine Origin (2006)

The molecular diversity of marine secondary metabolites has been recognized for a number of years, and classic marine-derived excitatory amino acids (EAAs) such as kainic and domoic acid have been indispensable tools in neurobiological research. The recent discovery of the sponge-derived EAA dysiherbaine (DH, 1), a novel di-amino di-acid glutamate analogue with potent convulsant activity, underscores the relatively untapped potential of marine organisms to serve as sources of EAAs with unique structures and activities [1]. DH (1) has a number of pharmacological actions but binds with highest affinity to kainate receptors, a sub-family of non-N-methyl-D-aspartate (non-NMDA)-type GluRs, which are also the molecular targets of other potent EAA convulsants like domoic acid. The high affinity and selectivity of 1 towards certain kainate receptor subtypes made it a useful tool for exploring aspects of the biophysical function of these ion channels [2]. In combination with chemical syntheses and neurophysiological techniques, we have shown that 1 and its structural analogues can serve as unique biophysical and physiological probes of GluR function [3]. Current studies have begun to elucidate the critical moieties on 1 that confer activity and selectivity. We anticipate that 1 will serve as a useful template upon which to build molecules with novel pharmacological actions and potential therapeutic applications. In this review, we describe the chemical, pharmacological and behavioral profile of 1 and closely related analogues, with a particular emphasis on their actions on iGluRs, a family of ligand-gated ion channel critical for excitatory neurotransmission in the mammalian brain. Keywords: Dysiherbaines, excitatory amino acid, glutamate receptors, marine natural products, kainate receptors, convulsant, synthesis
Analysis of poultry eating and drinking behavior by software eYeNamic (2013)

Constant presence of at least one operator in livestock buildings for broilers would allow a perfect control of animal behaviour and, especially, deviations in feeding and drinking patterns, in the perspective of a high welfare status. However, as nowadays it is impossible for a farmer to be present in the farm all day long, automatic monitoring systems are required. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a system (eYeNamic) for automatic monitoring and analyzing broilers’ behavior in a farm. eYeNamic is a camera system introduced and produced by Fancom BV, a company operating in the field of automation of livestock facilities. It includes three cameras located on the ridge of the broiler house and able to monitor chickens’ behaviour twenty-four hours a day. Through eYeNamic it is possible to process the images and to obtain a measure of animals’ distribution and activity, which can be conceived as valuable indicators of animal welfare. The study presented in this paper was divided into several phases: data collection, images visualization, observation of the distribution and activity of the chickens, and statistical analysis of the observations. The analysis of correlation between the number of 14 days old broilers near the feeding line (manual counted) and the average occupation density measured with eYenamic indicates that the best conditions have occurred with a 50 cm by 75 cm area around each feeding pan. With reference to the drinking line, the best response was found in an area 50 cm wide and the whole drinking line long. For the activity behavior, there was no significant correlation between activity and number of chickens eating from all the pans: this confirms that broilers while eating reduce their activity. It was concluded from this study that eYeNamic is a good system to observe animal behavior and, especially, to take care of their drinking and eating behaviour. A satisfactory correspondence between eYeNamic remote and human observations depends on a correct definition of animals’ eating behaviour. In our case, this correspondence is established for the manual labeling, only if a broiler maintains its whole head inside the pan for a period lasting 20 seconds. In many cases the simple closeness to the pan or drinking line does not guarantee that a broiler is eating or drinking.
Meeting report: the ALPHA project: a stakeholder meeting on lupus clinical trial outcome measures and the patient perspective (2023)

Drug development in lupus has improved over the past 10 years but still lags behind that of other rheumatic disease areas. Assessment of prospective lupus therapies in clinical trials has proved challenging for reasons that are multifactorial including the heterogeneity of the disease, study design limitations and a lack of validated biomarkers which greatly impacts regulatory decision-making. Moreover, most composite outcome measures currently used in trials do not include patient-reported outcomes. Given these factors, the Addressing Lupus Pillars for Health Advancement Global Advisory Committee members who serve on the drug development team identified an opportunity to convene a meeting to facilitate information sharing on completed and existing outcome measure development efforts. This meeting report highlights information presented during the meeting as well as a discussion on how the lupus community may work together with regulatory agencies to simplify and standardise outcome measures to accelerate development of lupus therapeutics.
Can a Decentralized Metadata Service Layer Benefit Parallel Filesystems? (2011)

The demand for scalable I/O continues to grow rapidly as computer clusters keep growing. Much of the research in storage systems has been focused on improving the scale and performance of I/O throughput. Scalable file systems do a good job of scaling large file access bandwidth by striping or sharing I/O resources across many servers or disks. However, the same cannot be said about scaling file metadata operation rates. Most existing parallel file systems choose to concentrate all the metadata processing load on a single server. This centralized processing can guarantee the correctness, but it severely hampers scalability. This downside is becoming more and more unacceptable as metadata throughput is critical for large scale applications. Distributing metadata processing load is critical to improve metadata scalability when handling huge number of client nodes. However, a solution to speed up metadata operations has to address two challenges simultaneously, namely the scalability and reliability. In this paper, we have designed a decentralized metadata service layer and evaluated its benefits and shortcomings that concern parallel file systems. The main aim of this service layer is to maintain reliability and consistency in a distributed metadata environment. At the same time we also focus on improving the scalability of the metadata operations, and in turn, the scalability of the underlying parallel file system. As demonstrated by experiments, the approach presented in this paper achieves significant improvements over native parallel file systems by large margin for all the major metadata operations. With 256 client processes, our decentralized metadata service outperforms Lustre and PVFS2 by a factor of 1.9 and 23, respectively, to create directories. With respect to stat() operation on files, our approach is 1.3 and 3.0 times faster than Lustre and PVFS.
The making of Kurdish identity in Iran (1995)

(1995). The making of Kurdish identity in Iran. Critique: Critical Middle Eastern Studies: Vol. 4, No. 7, pp. 1-22.
Etude de l'immunogenicite d'antigenes particulaires, prepares par couplage covalent de proteines ou de peptides a des microspheres synthetiques (1996)

Dans des conditions physiologiques, le systeme immunitaire se trouve en contact avec des antigenes solubles, mais egalement avec des antigenes inclus dans des structures complexes au sein de micro-organismes. Or, les differents types cellulaires capables de presenter des antigenes aux cellules t ne possedent pas la meme aptitude a internaliser des antigenes particulaires. Le travail presente dans cette these avait pour objectif d'etudier l'influence de la nature particulaire d'un antigene sur sa capacite a stimuler diverses reponses immunitaires. Le modele developpe a cet effet, repose sur le couplage covalent de proteines ou de peptides a des microspheres synthetiques de la taille du micron. Les resultats obtenus montrent que ces antigenes particulaires ne sont pas presentes aux cellules t par des lymphocytes b mais que des cellules phagocytaires sont capables de presenter de tels antigenes. L'immunisation de souris avec des antigenes couples a ces particules induit d'excellentes reponses t, cd4#+, demontrant que les lymphocytes b ne sont pas indispensables a l'activation de cellules t naives in vivo. L'activation de cellules t par de tels antigenes particulaires ne permet pas la polarisation de la reponse t, cd4#+ vers un profil th1 ou th2, demontrant que le type de cellules presentant l'antigene n'influence pas la differenciation des sous-populations de cellules t activees. En revanche, l'utilisation de poly(i):(c) ou d'il-12 a demontre que les cytokines presentes dans l'environnement de l'antigene exercent un role preponderant dans la polarisation des reponses t. Malgre l'absence theorique de collaboration entre cellules t et b permettant la differenciation des cellules b en cellules secretrices d'anticorps, notre etude revele que certains antigenes sous forme particulaire peuvent induire d'excellentes reponses anticorps. Ces reponses dependent de la nature de l'antigene couple et semblent liees au poids moleculaire de l'antigene, la majorite des proteines testees sous forme particulaire n'induisant aucune production d'anticorps. Ces resultats suggerent que des antigenes couples aux particules peuvent activer directement les cellules b au niveau de leurs ig de surface. Les cellules t, cd4#+ sont neanmoins indispensables pour permettre l'induction de ces reponses anticorps. Des antigenes (proteines ou peptides) couples aux microparticules synthetiques sont donc capables de stimuler diverses composantes de la reponse immunitaire, reponses t, cd4#+ auxiliaires, t, cd8#+ cytotoxiques et reponses anticorps, en absence d'adjuvant, et constituent par consequent un modele particulierement attrayant pour le developpement de strategies vaccinales
The Doubly-labelled Water Method for Measuring Energy Expenditure (1991)

Department of Pediatrics and The International Institute for Infant Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Disease Hahnemann University Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
Towards an Approach to Identify and Assess the Mobile Eligibility of Business Processes (2011)

So far, the discussion about the usage of mobile devices in companies was strongly technology driven. However, current mobiledevices and related mobile networks have reached a high level of maturity. For this reason, technological issues are nolonger obstacles for using mobile devices within companies? business processes. From our perspective, identifying businessprocess activities, which can be improved by mobile device support, is currently rather important. The degree of suitability ofbusiness processes for mobile device support is called the mobile eligibility of a business process. Aim of this paper is topresent an approach that supports the systematic analysis and assessment of the mobile eligibility of business processes, takinginto account a set of structured, adaptable criteria to deliberate between potential business values added by mobile devicesand the typical mobile device characteristics.
Developments in CD4 and Viral Load Monitoring in Resource-Limited Settings (2013)

CD4 counts and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) load testing are essential components of HIV care, and making these tests available in resource-limited settings is critical to the roll-out of HIV treatment globally. Until recently, the evidence supporting the importance of laboratory monitoring in resource-limited settings was lacking, but there is now a consensus emerging that testing should become routine to ensure the longevity of treatment programs. Low-cost, point-of-care testing offers the potential to fill this role as it potentially improves all aspects of HIV care, ranging from the diagnosis and staging of HIV infection in both infants and adults to monitoring for treatment failure once antiretroviral therapy has been initiated. It is imperative for low-cost solutions to become a reality, but it is equally imperative that close scrutiny be given to each new device that hits the market to ensure they perform optimally in all settings.