gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Disinfectant activities of extracts and metabolites from Baccharis dracunculifolia DC (2022)

The concern regarding the harm caused by biocides to human health has been increasing over the years, making the natural products an alternative to less toxic and more efficient biocides. Therefore, this paper reports the investigation of the disinfectant potential of extracts and isolated compounds from Baccharis dracunculifolia. For this purpose, extracts of aerial parts (BD-C), tricomial wash (BD-L) and roots (BD-R) of B. dracunculifolia were obtained by maceration. The extracts were submitted to different chromatographic techniques, including high-speedy countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC) furnishing nine isolated compounds. The extracts and isolated compounds were evaluated regarding their antimicrobial activity by the broth microdilution method, according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, and regarding their sanitizing activity according to Standard Operating Procedure No. 65·3210·007 (INCQS, 2011), developed by the National Institute for Quality Control in Health (INCQS) - Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ). In the antimicrobial evaluation the BD-C extract showed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 200 and 100 µg/ml against Staphylococcus aureus and Tricophyton mentagrophytes, respectively. BD-L extract showed MIC value of 200 µg/ml against S. aureus. The isolated compounds caffeic acid (MBC 2·22 µmol l<sup>-1</sup> ), ferulic acid (MBC 2·06 µmol l<sup>-1</sup> ) and baccharin (MBC 0·27 µmol l<sup>-1</sup> ) showed significant inhibitory activity against S. aureus. All B. dracunculifolia isolated compounds were active with exception of aromadrendin-4´-O-methyl-ether for T. mentagrophytes. Additionally, isosakuranetin was active against Salmonella choleraesuis (MIC 1·4 µmol l<sup>-1</sup> ). Regarding the sanitizing activity, the hydroalcoholic solution containing 0·2% of B. dracunculifolia extract in 40°GL ethanol was effective in eliminating the microbial contamination on all carrier cylinders and against all microorganisms evaluated in the recommended exposure time of 10 min. Therefore, B. dracunculifolia has potential for the development of sanitizing agents to be used in hospitals, food manufactures and homes.
Virtual interactions: Can EEG Help Make the Difference with Real Interaction? (2012)

Science and technology progress fast, but mouse and keyboard are still used to control multimedia devices. One of the limiting factors of gesture based HCIs adoption is the detection of the user's intention to interact. This study tries to make a step in that direction with use of consumer EEG sensor headset. EEG headset records in real-time data that can help to identify intention of the user based on his emotional state. For each subject EEG responses for different stimuli are recorded. Acquiring these data allows to determine the potential of EEG based intention detection. The findings are promising and with proper implementation should allow to building a new type of HCI devices.
Neural network controller for minimizing hub shear forces in helicopter (2002)

Discusses the application of recurrent neural networks for identification and control of helicopter vibrations. A class of recurrent networks called memory neuron networks are used for plant identification and control. These networks are obtained by adding trainable temporal elements to feedforward networks. This makes the network output history sensitive and gives them the capability to identify and control systems whose order is unknown or systems with unknown delay. A representative analytical model with higher harmonic pitch angles for minimizing hub shear forces is used for simulation. The effectiveness of the controller in minimizing the force level at varying and constant forward speed are studied. The ability of the controller to cope with changes in system and environment parameters is also considered.
Enzymatic profiling of human kallikrein 14 using phage-display substrate technology (2005)

The human KLK14 gene is one of the newly identified serine protease genes belonging to the human kallikrein family, which contains 15 members. KLK14 , like all other members of the human kallikrein family, is predicted to encode for a secreted serine protease already found in various biological fluids. This new kallikrein is mainly expressed in prostate and endocrine tissues, but its function is still unknown. Recent studies have demonstrated that KLK14 gene expression is up-regulated in prostate and breast cancer tissues, and that higher expression levels correlate with more aggressive tumors. In this work, we used phage-display substrate technology to study the substrate specificity of hK14. A phage-displayed random pentapeptide library with exhaustive diversity was screened with purified recombinant hK14. Highly specific and sensitive substrates were selected from the library. We show that hK14 has dual activity, trypsin- and chymotrypsin-like, with a preference for cleavage after arginine residues. A SwissProt database search with selected sequences identified six potential human protein substrates for hK14. Two of them, laminin alpha-5 and collagen IV, which are major components of the extracellular matrix, have been demonstrated to be hydrolyzed efficiently by hK14.
A NOVEL HYBRID COMPOSITE EMPLOYING RHODAMINE 6G AND FULLERENE C60 UNDER THE SAME LIQUID CRYSTAL STRUCTURE FOR DYNAMIC HOLOGRAPHY (2005)

Liquid crystals (LC) are highly nonlinear optical materials, which, due to their susceptible property, become active under even relatively low optical fields. Several nonlinear mechanisms investigated so far have revealed the promising characteristics of these materials. The difference in refractive indices, for fields polarized along, and perpendicular to, the director axis brings about a large birefringence property from the visible to the infrared spectral regime. This property presents an opportunity for various applications [1]. Director axis reorientation-based effects causing a change of refractive index and observations of several interesting dynamic and storage wave-mixing effects have been extensively studied so far [1–5]. Compared with others, LC based systems require lower characteristic voltages to be applied for the realization of molecular gratings and relatively lower light power for efficient modulation of the refractive index. It is experimentally proved that doping with a small amount of dye decreases the required threshold of molecular reorientation even further in LC materials. This phenomenon has potential applications such as holographic data storage. Fullerene doped LC systems have also been studied for similar purposes [6, 7]. This work concentrates on the co-usage of a dye and fullerene at the same time, so that an efficient reorientation process could be experienced. In dye-doped samples, light–molecule interaction could take place by different mechanisms, depending on the type of the dye. Although details of these mechanisms are not in the scope of this work, photo–excited dopants bring about the formation of space-charge complexes and their induced fields force the molecules to reorient by enhancing the photoconductivity. Indeed, the effect of fullerene on the reorientation process is explained by this approach [6, 7, 11]. Our work exploits this mechanism with the fullerene component, while absorbance-based reorientation is also at work with the dye component in the structure of the same system.
Genetic divergence in soybean parents for backcrossing programs (2005)

To evaluate superior hybrid combinations, biometric techniques based on the quantification of heterosis as in the diallel analyses and predictive procedures are commonly being used. Diallel analyses have the disadvantage of requiring the evaluation of each parent in all possible combinations, which may be impossible in the case of studies involving many parents. The predictive methods which dispense with the previous establishment of the hybrid combinations have attracted interest. These methods base upon the morphological, physiological and
Flow cytometry of reticulocytes applied to clinical hematology (1983)

Reticulocytes in fixed human blood samples were stained for RNA with the fluorescent dye pyronin Y and measured by flow cytometry. The resulting relative frequency distributions of the RNA fluorescence intensities concurred with the different stages in maturation from early reticulocytes to mature red cells. A computer program was written to calculate from these frequency distributions the relative number of reticulocytes, their relative RNA content, and the median of the reticulocyte population (RNA index). This method was applied to 30 healthy blood bank donors (control group), as well as to patients with various hematologic disorders showing abnormal erythropoietic activity. The measured percentage of reticulocytes, RNA content, and RNA index were found to correlate well with the various hematologic disorders. Changes in erythropoiesis could be clearly followed, as was demonstrated by analyzing blood samples from children with aplastic anemia or acute myeloid leukemia, who were treated with allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Measurements on blood samples from healthy blood bank donors showed that with this method, small changes in the reticulocyte population, such as the appearance of polychromatic erythrocytes in the peripheral blood 5–8 hr after donation, can be detected. The statistical reliability and the information provided on the maturation stage of the entire reticulocyte population make flow cytometry of peripheral blood reticulocytes a more informative method for the study of hematologic abnormalities than conventional methods for reticulocyte counting and classification.
Experimental verification of a dual single-input single-output model of a three-phase boost-type PWM rectifier (2005)

This paper proposes a simple dual SISO (single-input-single-output) model for a three-phase boost-type PWM rectifier under balanced line voltage conditions. In the proposed model, the q-axis model is a first order linear system determining the power factor regulation, whereas the d-axis model, which is shown to be similar to a traditional DC-DC boost converter, is a second-order non-linear system determining the power delivery. It is much easier to analyze and control a complex three-phase PWM rectifier using the proposed model. In addition, the complex non-minimum phase feature inherent in a AC-to-DC rectifier becomes a simple right half plane (RHP) zero appearing in the small-signal control-to-output transfer function of the proposed d-axis model. The knowledge of RHP zero's location is vital to the successful design of a stable controller for the rectifier, as the presence of the RHP zero imposes a strict limit on the achievable closed loop performance. The validity of the proposed model is verified through experimental Bode plot results obtained using a hardware prototype
Buckling Causes Nonlinear Dynamics of Filamentous Viruses Driven through Nanopores (2018)

Measurements and Langevin dynamics simulations of filamentous viruses driven through solid-state nanopores reveal a superlinear rise in the translocation velocity with driving force. The mobility also scales with the length of the virus in a nontrivial way that depends on the force. These dynamics are consequences of the buckling of the leading portion of a virus as it emerges from the nanopore and is put under compressive stress by the viscous forces it encounters. The leading tip of a buckled virus stalls and this reduces the total viscous drag force. We present a scaling theory that connects the solid mechanics to the nonlinear dynamics of polyelectrolytes translocating nanopores.
A 256m Dram With Simplified Register Control For Low Power Self Refresh And Rapid Burn-in (2005)

A 256M DRAM featuring register controlled low power self refresh without toggling of internal addresses or predecoders, activation of all row lines in quick succession for rapid burn-in at wafer level and hierarchical I/O line scheme with flexible redundancy is developed. The 13.75 x 23.86 mm2 die size, 16M x16 DRAM with 3811s access time at 2.2V and 70 C has been fabricated using 0.25pm triple well CMOS technology.
Semantic-Preserving Adversarial Text Attacks (2021)

Deep learning models are known immensely brittle to adversarial image examples, yet their vulnerability in text classification is insufficiently explored. Existing text adversarial attack strategies can be roughly divided into three categories, i.e., character-level attack, word-level attack, and sentence-level attack. Despite the success brought by recent text attack methods, how to induce misclassification with the minimal text modifications while keeping the lexical correctness, syntactic soundness, and semantic consistency simultaneously is still a challenge. To examine the vulnerability of deep models, we devise a Bigram and Unigram based adaptive Semantic Preservation Optimization (BU-SPO) approach which attacks text documents not only at a unigram word level but also at a bigram level to avoid generating meaningless sentences. We also present a hybrid attack strategy that collects substitution words from both synonyms and sememe candidates, to enrich the potential candidate set. Besides, a Semantic Preservation Optimization (SPO) method is devised to determine the word substitution priority and reduce the perturbation cost. Furthermore, we constraint the SPO with a semantic Filter (dubbed SPOF) to improve the semantic similarity between the input text and the adversarial example. To estimate the effectiveness of our proposed methods, BU-SPO and BU-SPOF, we attack four victim deep learning models trained on three real-world text datasets. Experimental results demonstrate that our approaches accomplish the highest semantics consistency and attack success rates by making the minimal word modifications compared with competitive methods.
A generalized model for detection of demosaicing characteristics (2008)

Detection of demosaicing characteristics based on correlation at pixel level is useful for image forensic purposes. In this paper, we propose a new model to detect the demosaicing characteristics based on the second-order derivative correlation. Without the influences of the uneven DC components in the three color channels, the new model can estimate both intra-channel and cross-channel correlation. Experimental results show efficacy of the proposed model.
Endoneurial injection of antisera to myelin antigens (1985)

When antisera to purified myelin antigens were injected into rat sciatic nerves, some produced significant demyelination, whereas others merely induced an inflammatory infiltrate. Extensive demyelination was produced by antisera to galactocerebroside and the peripheral nerve glycoprotein P0. Demyelination resulting from injections of antisera to ganglioside GM1, P2, myelin basic protein, sulfatide, and glucocerebroside did not exceed that produced by normal rabbit serum. Addition of guinea pig complement had no effect. It is of interest that the greatest demyelination followed injection of antisera to two molecules, galactocerebroside and P0, the main antigenic determinants of which present at the Schwann cell surface.
Regenerative approaches for the treatment of early OA (2016)

The diagnosis and the prompt treatment of early osteoarthritis (OA) represent vital steps for delaying the onset and progression of fully blown OA, which is the most common form of arthritis, involving more than 10 % of the world's population older than 60 years of age. Nonsurgical treatments such as physiotherapy, anti-inflammatory medications, and other disease-modifying drugs all have modest and short-lasting effect. In this context, the biological approaches have recently gained more and more attention. Growth factors, blood derivatives, such as platelet concentrates, and mesenchymal adult stem cells, either expanded or freshly isolated, are advocated amongst the most promising tool for the treatment of OA, especially in the early phases. Primarily targeted towards focal cartilage defects, these biological agents have indeed recently showed promising results to relieve pain and reduce inflammation in patients with more advanced OA as well, with the final aim to halt the progression of the disease and the need for joint replacement. However, despite of a number of satisfactory in vitro and pre-clinical studies, the evidences are still limited to support their clinical efficacy in OA setting.
Gene expression profile of rat left ventricles reveals persisting changes following chronic mild exercise protocol: implications for cardioprotection (2009)

Our data indicated that few, but significant, genes characterize the gene expression profile of the rat LV, when examined 48 hrs since the last training section and that mild exercise training determines cardioprotection without the induction of hypertrophy.
Constrained stability of conservative static equilibrium (2019)

Modelling of static structural stability problems is considered. Focus is set on problems where passive physical constraints affect the response to applied forces, and where more than one free parameter describes the setting. The existence of vibration frequencies at equilibrium states is investigated, as an indication of stability. The relevant Jacobian matrix is developed, with an emphasis on the necessity to formulate the constraint equations from an energy form in a conservative problem. The corresponding mass matrix is introduced, with zero mass contribution from constraint equations. Three different forms of the relevant Jacobians are considered, and alternative methods for the eigenvalue extraction given. Stability is discussed in a context of generalized equilibrium problems, where auxiliary parameters and equations can be included in a continuation setting. Examples show the formulation, implementation and interpretation of stability.
Synthesis, stability, and pharmacological evaluation of nipecotic acid prodrugs (1999)

Nipecotic acid (1), one of the most potent in vitro inhibitors of neuronal and glial gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) uptake, is inactive as an anticonvulsant when administered systemically. To obtain in vivo active prodrugs of (1), we synthesized four new nipecotic acid esters (3-6), which were obtained by chemical conjugation with glucose, galactose, and tyrosine. These compounds were assayed to evaluate their in vitro chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis. In addition, their anticonvulsant activity was evaluated in vivo in Diluted Brown Agouti (DBA)/2 mice, an excellent animal model for the study of new anticonvulsant drugs. Esters (3-6) appeared stable, at various temperatures, in a pH 7.4 buffered solution and showed susceptibility to undergoing in vitro enzymatic hydrolysis. Intraperitoneally injected nipecotic acid (1) and esters (3-5) did not protect mice against audiogenic seizures; conversely, nipecotic tyrosine ester (6) showed a significant dose-dependent anticonvulsant activity. The in vivo protective activity of the ester (6) and the inefficiency of nipecotic acid (1) in the same experimental conditions suggest that this ester prodrug could be actively transported intact across the blood-brain barrier, beyond which it could be hydrolyzed.
EF-P Dependent Pauses Integrate Proximal and Distal Signals during Translation (2014)

Elongation factor P (EF-P) is required for the efficient synthesis of proteins with stretches of consecutive prolines and other motifs that would otherwise lead to ribosome pausing. However, previous reports also demonstrated that levels of most diprolyl-containing proteins are not altered by the deletion of efp. To define the particular sequences that trigger ribosome stalling at diprolyl (PPX) motifs, we used ribosome profiling to monitor global ribosome occupancy in Escherichia coli strains lacking EF-P. Only 2.8% of PPX motifs caused significant ribosomal pausing in the Δefp strain, with up to a 45-fold increase in ribosome density observed at the pausing site. The unexpectedly low fraction of PPX motifs that produce a pause in translation led us to investigate the possible role of sequences upstream of PPX. Our data indicate that EF-P dependent pauses are strongly affected by sequences upstream of the PPX pattern. We found that residues as far as 3 codons upstream of the ribosomal peptidyl-tRNA site had a dramatic effect on whether or not a particular PPX motif triggered a ribosomal pause, while internal Shine Dalgarno sequences upstream of the motif had no effect on EF-P dependent translation efficiency. Increased ribosome occupancy at particular stall sites did not reliably correlate with a decrease in total protein levels, suggesting that in many cases other factors compensate for the potentially deleterious effects of stalling on protein synthesis. These findings indicate that the ability of a given PPX motif to initiate an EF-P-alleviated stall is strongly influenced by its local context, and that other indirect post-transcriptional effects determine the influence of such stalls on protein levels within the cell.
Time‐Modulated Combinatorially Developed Optical Sensors for Determination of Non‐Volatile Analytes in Complex Samples (2005)

Abstract We have demonstrated rapid determination of non‐volatile analytes in multiple complex liquid‐phase samples such as those created in combinatorial chemistry and other experiments. The method utilizes analyte‐enhanced fluorescence of a combinatorially selected pair of a solvatochromic reagent bound to a solid support matrix. Our method involves an evaporation step that removes volatile sample components that otherwise interfere with analyte quantification. By applying this time‐modulated analysis of optical signature of a support‐bound solvatochromic reagent after the contact with a liquid sample and interference removal, our method improves selectivity of chemical determinations of liquid samples. The porous nature of the solid support and its packing geometry along with the optical illumination strategy of the sensor permitted volume‐independent analyte determinations over the 30–40‐μL sample volume, typical for the robotic delivery systems. Using our detection method and bisphenol A (BPA) as a model analyte, we were able to provide rapid selective determinations of BPA over 880 ppm‐25 wt.‐% concentration range without interferences from phenol, acetone, acetonitrile, and water.
Localized Recrystallization of a Lithium-Metal Anode during Fast Stripping in High-Activity Liquid Electrolytes (2023)

The lithium-metal anode is one of the most promising candidates for "beyond-lithium-ion" batteries thanks to its high specific capacity and low negative electrochemical potential. However, the electrode-electrolyte interface instability hinders its commercialization in rechargeable batteries. During cycles of charging and discharging, the lithium-metal anode is electrochemically plated and stripped along with the morphological evolution, which determines the cycling performance. In this work, with a phase-field model, we computationally characterize the morphological evolution dynamics during the plating and stripping steps at the lithium-metal-electrolyte interface. Our model is valid in a wide range of lithium concentrations in liquid electrolytes by incorporating nonidealities of electrolyte solutions into the interfacial reaction kinetics. Intriguingly, at fast stripping, i.e., high discharging overpotential, we observe an unexpected localized recrystallization phenomenon in high-lithium-ion-concentration valley regions. This recrystallization phenomenon mitigates the overall reaction rate heterogeneity and provides a potential approach to improving the morphological stability. Furthermore, we systematically investigate the correlation between the recrystallization phenomenon and lithium-ion activity and draw a simplified phase diagram for the overpotential-dependent recrystallization.