gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Internal femoral osteosynthesis after external fixation in multiple-trauma patients (2007)

In this study the authors evaluate the results of internal synthesis of femoral fractures in polytraumatised patients initially treated by external fixation (EF). From January 2002 to December 2005, 39 femurs in 37 polytraumatised patients (average age 34.2 years, range 18-44) with closed fractures and an ISS>20 were initially treated with EF. There were three groups: Group A, 13 cases when conversion to internal osteosynthesis occurred after 4-7 days (average 5.6 days); Group B, 11 cases with a 4-6-month interval before internal osteosynthesis, and after investigation using MRI and scintigraphy with labelled leucocytes; Group C, the remaining cases treated definitively with EF. Time of healing, lower limb function, time of return to previous activities and short and long-term complications were evaluated at the follow-up. The average time of follow-up was 23 months. In Group A the time of bone healing was 123 days; there were no events of embolism but one case of pseudoarthrosis and one case of instrument failure. In Group B the time of bone healing was 274 days, with one case of pseudoarthrosis and one case of deep infection. In Group C the average healing time was 193 days, with 3 cases of screw (half-pin) osteolysis. Functional recovery was delayed by the presence of other fractures. EF is a simple, quick and safe procedure to stabilise fractures in polytraumatised patients. According to damage control orthopaedic (DCO) concepts, it is possible to replace EF with internal synthesis after an interval as this reduces the risks of internal osteosynthesis when performed in the emergency period. EF can also be maintained as definitive treatment but should a change to internal synthesis be needed, it is possible to do it safely after excluding bone infection.
Themed issues on per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (2019)

Guest editors Lutz Ahrens, Jonathan Benskin, Ian Cousins, Michelle Crimi and Christopher Higgins introduce the “Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs)” themed issue.
Structure of the human Tim44 C-terminal domain in complex with pentaethylene glycol: ligand-bound form (2007)

Familial oncocytic thyroid carcinoma is associated with a missense mutation, P308Q, in the C-terminal domain of Tim44. Tim44 is the mitochondrial inner-membrane translocase subunit and it functions as a membrane anchor for the mitochondrial heat-shock protein 70 (mtHsp70). Here, the crystal structure of the human Tim44 C-terminal domain complexed with pentaethylene glycol has been determined at 1.9 A resolution. The overall structure resembles that of the nuclear transport factor 2-like domain. In the crystal structure, pentaethylene glycol molecules are associated at two potential membrane-binding sites: the large hydrophobic cavity and the highly conserved loop between the alpha1 and alpha2 helices near Pro308. A comparison with the yeast homolog revealed that lipid binding induces conformational changes around the alpha1-alpha2 loop, leading to slippage of the alpha1 helix along the large beta-sheet. These changes may play important roles in the translocation of polypeptides across the mitochondrial inner membrane.
Opinion: Gigacity – a source of problems or the new way to sustainable development (2021)

Abstract. The eastern part of China as a whole is practically a gigacity; it is a conglomeration of megacities with circa 650 million inhabitants. The gigacity, with its emissions, processes in pollution cocktail, numerous feedbacks and interactions, has a crucial and big impact on regional air quality within itself and on global climate. A large-scale research and innovation program is needed to meet the interlinked grand challenges in this gigacity and to serve as a platform for finding pathways for sustainable development of the whole globe.
Image Aesthetics Assessment with Gradient Shake Regularization (2021)

Due to their large capacity, the convolutional networks are susceptible to prioritize memorization of the training examples over the problem understanding and generalization. This phenomenon is encountered mainly in the difficult problems, where classes are overlapping due to various reasons, including noisy annotations. In this paper we propose to regularize the training process of the convolutional neural networks by the injection of randomized perturbation within controlled amplitude of gradient of the loss function. The method is evaluated on aesthetic evaluation of images. The proposed solution is shown to improve the performance of baselines and to compare favorably with established strong solutions.
Fluoride activates diradylglycerol and Superoxide generation in human neutrophils via PLD/PA phosphohydrolase‐dependent and ‐independent pathways (1990)

In contrast to the rapid, ethanol-inhibited superoxide generation by the receptor-linked agonist formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP), fluoride-activated superoxide generation occurs after a prolonged lag, and as shown herein is relatively ethanol-insensitive. We have investigated fluoride-activation of diradylglycerol generation and phospholipase D activity. Fluoride induces a very large increase in diradylglycerol mass (both 1,2-diacylglycerol (DAG) and 1-O-alkyl,2-acylglycerol (EAG)), with kinetics similar to superoxide generation. Unlike fMLP-activated diglyceride generation which is completely inhibited by ethanol, that produced by fluoride is only partially (30%) blocked. When the phosphatidylcholine pool is 3H-prelabeled, fluoride activates both [3H]phosphatidic acid (PA) and [3H]diglyceride generation with similar kinetics. Partial inhibition of the production of these species by ethanol was seen, coincident with the appearance of [3H]phosphatidylethanol, indicating phospholipase D-dependent transphosphatidylation had occurred. The data are consistent with the fluoride activation of PA and diglyceride generation by both phospholipase D-dependent and -independent (presumably phospholipase C) mechanisms.
Optimum Conditions for Composites Fiber Coating by Chemical Vapor Infiltration (1998)

A combined analytical and numerical method is employed to optimize process conditions for composites fiber coating by chemical vapor infiltration. For a first‐order deposition reaction, the optimum pressure yielding the maximum deposition rate at a preform center is obtained in closed form and is found to depend only on the activation energy of the deposition reaction, the characteristic pore size, and properties of the reactant and product gases. It does not depend on the preform specific surface area, effective diffusivity or preform thickness, nor on the gas‐phase yield of the deposition reaction. Further, this optimum pressure is unaltered by the additional constraint of a prescribed deposition uniformity. Optimum temperatures are obtained using an analytical expression for the optimum value along with numerical solutions to the governing transport equations. These solutions account for both diffusive and advective transport, as well as both ordinary and Knudsen diffusion. Sample calculations are presented for coating preform fibers with boron nitride.
The second-order nonlinear optical properties of β-barium metaborate: A semiempirical theoretical investigation (1986)

The frequency dependent second-order hyperpolarizability tensor is computed for the metaborate ion using conventional perturbation theory with variably-sized state basis sets generated by CNDO/S, CNDO/S-CI, as well as INDO/2-CI. The principal source of the second-order nonlinear response arises from oxygen-to-boron charge-transfer states. A two (excited) state model is shown to be sufficient to calculate β in both the CNDO/S and CNDO/S-CI methods. The second-order susceptibility of the crystal is deduced using the “oriented gas” model for the ions in the crystal structure. The results compare well with those from second-harmonic generation experiments of Chen et al.
Correction for Singh et al., “The Three RelE Homologs of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Have Individual, Drug-Specific Effects on Bacterial Antibiotic Tolerance” (2020)

Volume 192, no. 5, p. 1279–1291, 2010, https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.01285-09. Page 1284, Fig. 2A: There is an erroneous duplication in a panel on the right side: the “RelB2 + RelE2” panel contains the same image as the “RelB3 + RelE3” panel. We no longer have the original images, although the plasmids and strains remain available. The duplication does not affect the conclusions of this work.
Human medial temporal lobe neurons respond preferentially to personally relevant images (2009)

People with whom one is personally acquainted tend to elicit richer and more vivid memories than people with whom one does not have a personal connection. Recent findings from neurons in the human medial temporal lobe (MTL) have shown that individual cells respond selectively and invariantly to representations of famous people [Quian Quiroga R, Reddy L, Kreiman G, Koch C, Fried I (2005) Nature 435(7045):1102-1107]. Observing these cells, we wondered whether photographs of personally relevant individuals, such as family members, might be more likely to generate such responses. To address this issue, we recorded the activity of 2,330 neurons in the human MTL while patients viewed photographs of varying personal relevance: previously unknown faces and landscapes, familiar but not necessarily personally relevant faces and landscapes, and finally, photographs of the patients themselves, their families, and the experimenters. Our findings indicate that personally relevant photographs are indeed more likely to elicit selective responses in MTL neurons than photographs of individuals with whom the patients have had no personal contact. These findings further suggest that relevant stimuli are encoded by a larger proportion of neurons than less relevant stimuli, given that familiar or personally relevant items are linked to a larger variety of experiences and memories of these experiences.
Characterization of oxysterols by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry after one‐step derivatization with dimethylglycine (2006)

We report a novel approach to derivatize the primary, secondary, and tertiary hydroxy group(s) of oxysterols with N,N-dimethylglycine (DMG) in the presence of both 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide and 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)pyridine to yield their corresponding mono- or di-DMG esters. Eight oxysterols including 7-oxocholesterol, 5alpha,6alpha- and 5beta,6beta-epoxycholesterols, as well as 7alpha-, 7beta-, 24(S)-, 25-, and 27-hydroxycholesterols, were studied. Electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric characterization of these singly or doubly protonated derivatives demonstrates the presence of an informative fragmentation pattern for each oxysterol derivative. Potential dissociation pathways for the production of these unique fragmentation patterns are proposed and discussed. Collectively, these informative and unique fragmentation patterns allow rapid and direct discrimination of the identities of 7alpha-, 7beta-, 24(S)-, 25-, and 27-hydroxycholesterol isomers, as well as 5alpha,6alpha- and 5beta,6beta-epoxycholesterol isomers, thereby potentially providing a foundation for quantitative analysis of oxysterols in biological samples in combination with a chromatographic separation.
Scalable 3D Visualization via Synchronous Data Hiding (2009)

L'objectif principal de ces travaux de thèse est d'unifier différentes informations 2D et 3D afin de réaliser une visualisation adaptée dans un environnement client/serveur hétérogène en termes de réseau, de traitement et de ressources mémoire. Dans ce contexte, nous avons exploité la nature multi-résolution de la transformée en ondelettes discrètes (TOD) du codeur JPEG2000. L'unification des données est réalisée par insertion aveugle, synchrone ou partiellement synchrone, des données cachées dans le domaine des ondelettes. Une visualisation 3D classique nécessite au moins deux types de données : une image 2D d'intensité, appelé texture, et une forme 3D pouvant être représentée par une image, un modèle 3D ombré ou un maillage de points. Ce type d'image, parfois également appelé carte de profondeur est une image dans laquelle la valeur des pixels reflète la distance du capteur à la surface par imagerie. La texture est une image 2D couleur qui est apposée sur le modèle 3D après triangulation. Au niveau de l'insertion des données cachées, la carte de profondeur est d'abord transformée dans le domaine des ondelettes tandis que la texture est insérée dans le codeur JPEG2000. Le processus de codage JPEG2000 de la texture est interrompue, et les coefficients 3D sont insérés dans la totalité ou dans un sous-ensemble des sous-bandes de la texture. Les données sont re-intégrées dans le codeur standard de JPEG2000 à l'endroit où l'interruption a été faite. Le fichier résultant peut alors être envoyé à travers tous types de canal de communication comme un autre fichier standard issu du codeur JPEG2000. Les différents niveaux de résolution et le caractère synchronisé de nos algorithmes permettent une visualisation en 3D,...
Conformational adaptation of UNCG loops upon crowding (2019)

If the A-form helix is the major structural motif found in RNA, the loops that cap them constitute the second most important family of motifs. Among those, two are overrepresented, GNRA and UNCG tetraloops. Recent surveys of RNA structures deposited in the PDB show that GNRA and UNCG tetraloops can adopt tertiary folds that are very different from their canonical conformations, characterized by the presence of a U-turn of a Z-turn, respectively. Crystallographic data from both a lariat-capping (LC) ribozyme and a group II intron ribozyme reveal that a given UUCG tetraloop can adopt a distinct fold depending on its structural environment. Specifically, when the crystal packing applies relaxed constraints on the loop, the canonical Z-turn conformation is observed. In contrast, a highly packed environment induces "squashing" of the tetraloop by distorting its sugar-phosphate backbone in a specific way that expels the first and fourth nucleobases out of the loop, and falls in van der Waals distance of the last base pair of the helix, taking the place of the pair formed between the first and fourth residues in Z-turn loops. The biological relevance of our observations is supported by the presence of similarly deformed loops in the highly packed environment of the ribosome and in a complex between a dsRNA and a RNase III. The finding that Z-turn loops change conformation under higher molecular packing suggests that, in addition to their demonstrated role in stabilizing RNA folding, they may contribute to the three-dimensional structure of RNA by mediating tertiary interactions with distal residues.
Efficacy of S26308 against guinea pig cytomegalovirus infection (1988)

Prophylactic use of antiviral agents against cytomegalovirus (CMV) is particularly indicated for the immunocompromised host because morbidity and mortality due to CMV occur most frequently following immunosuppression. We have evaluated the new Riker compound S26308 for its therapeutic and prophylactic antiviral activity against CMV in guinea pigs. The efficacy of the compound was assessed in vitro in guinea pig embryo cells and in vivo in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised guinea pigs. Guinea pig CMV plaque formation was reduced only in cells treated with S26308 prior to virus infection. The antiviral activity remained even when the compound was removed after virus absorption and was due to neither virus destruction nor inhibition of cell growth. The frequency of viremia was reduced in guinea pigs for which S26308 therapy was initiated 24 h prior to virus inoculation compared with sham-treated animals. This reduction in the frequency of viremia did not prevent virus spread to target tissues but did result in a reduction of the severity of CMV-induced disease in immunocompromised guinea pigs. Low levels of interferon were detected in supernatants of S26308-treated cells, and interferon was detected in the serum of guinea pigs given S26308. These results indicate that S26308 can induce interferon and reduce CMV infectivity in vivo and in vitro when used prophylactically. This antiviral activity, although modest, was accompanied by beneficial effects on CMV-induced morbidity and mortality. Prophylactic use of S26308 in combination with other therapeutic agents may be a useful strategy against CMV infections.
A rapid hierarchical rendering technique for translucent materials (2002)

This paper introduces an efficient two-pass rendering technique for translucent materials. We decouple the computation of irradianceat the surface from the evaluation of scattering inside the material.This is done by splitting the evaluation into two passes, where the first pass consists of computing the irradiance at selected points on the surface. The second pass uses a rapid hierarchical integration technique to evaluate a diffusion approximation based on the irradiance samples. This approach is substantially faster than previous methods for rendering translucent materials, and it has the advantage that it integrates seamlessly with both scanline rendering and global illumination methods. We show several images and animations from our implementation that demonstrate that the approach is both fast and robust, making it suitable for rendering translucent materials in production.
Shaft voltages in generators with static excitation systems-problems and solution (1988)

Details on four types of shaft voltages are given, with emphasis on the occurrence, transmission and damaging mechanisms of shaft voltages from static excitation systems. A model for numerical simulation is presented and simulation results are compared with tests performed on a statically excited 1200 MVA turboset. A program of countermeasures is proposed, mainly including a type of passive RC-circuit connected through a grounding brush on the exciter end of the generator. This set of counter measures has successfully been tested on two turbosets, one of 190 MVA and one of 1200 MVA, showing the following advantages: reduction of shaft voltages to a harmless level; good access (even in nuclear power plants), low maintenance costs and long brush life; operation with or without grounding brush on the turbine end of the generator is possible; and easy monitoring is an additional feature.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Evaluation of rapid gross visual appraisal of swine lungs at slaughter as a diagnostic screen for enzootic pneumonia. (1993)

A rapid gross visual appraisal of enzootic pneumonia lesions was made of 87 lungs at a local abattoir and the lungs were then set aside and examined in more detail. A sample of pulmonary tissue was taken from each lung and submitted for bacterial and histological examination. The principal investigator who had performed the gross and detailed lung scores was then used to assess the agreement of two inspectors who were scoring lung lesions in the abattoir. The Pearson's correlation coefficient between grossly scored lungs and scores derived from a detailed examination was 0.94. Using histological examination as the gold standard, rapid gross examination had a sensitivity of 76% and a specificity of 71%. Using bacterial recovery as a gold standard yielded a sensitivity of 77% and a specificity of 51%. The sensitivity and specificity of inspectors 1 and 2 compared to the principal investigator were: sensitivity = 97.5% and specificity = 97.4% for inspector 1, and 97% and 98% for inspector 2. The kappa values for both of the inspectors compared to the principal investigator were 0.95 suggesting that designated lay inspectors consistently agreed with the principal investigator.
Interactions between calcium and phosphorus in the regulation of the production of fibroblast growth factor 23 in vivo (2012)

Calcium and phosphorus homeostasis are highly interrelated and share common regulatory hormones, including FGF23. However, little is known about calcium's role in the regulation of FGF23. We sought to investigate the regulatory roles of calcium and phosphorus in FGF23 production using genetic mouse models with targeted inactivation of PTH (PTH KO) or both PTH and the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR; PTH-CaSR DKO). In wild-type, PTH KO, and PTH-CaSR DKO mice, elevation of either serum calcium or phosphorus by intraperitoneal injection increased serum FGF23 levels. In PTH KO and PTH-CaSR DKO mice, however, increases in serum phosphorus by dietary manipulation were accompanied by severe hypocalcemia, which appeared to blunt stimulation of FGF23 release. Increases in dietary phosphorus in PTH-CaSR DKO mice markedly decreased serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) [1,25(OH)(2)D(3)] despite no change in FGF23, suggesting direct regulation of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) synthesis by serum phosphorus. Calcium-mediated increases in serum FGF23 required a threshold level of serum phosphorus of about 5 mg/dl. Analogously, phosphorus-elicited increases in FGF23 were markedly blunted if serum calcium was less than 8 mg/dl. The best correlation between calcium and phosphorus and serum FGF23 was found between FGF23 and the calcium × phosphorus product. Since calcium stimulated FGF23 production in the PTH-CaSR DKO mice, this effect cannot be mediated by the full-length CaSR. Thus the regulation of FGF23 by both calcium and phosphorus appears to be fundamentally important in coordinating the serum levels of both mineral ions and ensuring that the calcium × phosphorus product remains within a physiological range.
Femto Circular Keratotomy to Halt the Progression of Keratoconus I and II (2016)

ABSTRACT Aim To simplify and enhance safety in the generation of a stabilizing intracorneal scar by circular keratotomy (CKT). A femtosecond laser was used to perform individually sized intraparenchymal cuts. Materials and methods As equipped, the Ziemer Z6 femto-second laser cuts a 400-µm-deep incision with a diameter of 7.0 mm around the optical axis. The epithelium, Bowmann's membrane, the internal borders of Descemet's membrane, and the endothelium are not affected. The 3-, 6-, and 12-month postoperative values were compared with the 1-month postoperative keratometric readings and astigmatism. The preoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) with glasses was compared with the values found at the same time points as noted above. Results Statistical evaluation indicated that keratometry within ±1.5D remained in 96.6, 93.1, and 96.6% of cases at the 3-, 6-, and 12-month time points respectively. Astigmatism was stable at the same time points in 100, 95.8, and 92.3%. The BCVA improved in 12 cases throughout the first post-operative year (48%, n = 25); however, 11 cases did not change (44%) and 2 cases lost at least one line (8.0%). Conclusion Femto CKT halts the progression of keratoconus for at least 1 year in 96.6% of cases. This treatment provides keratometric and refractive stability for over 1 year. This result, in conjunction with the significant improvement in BCVA, demonstrates the potential of this method for patients with stage I and II keratoconus. How to cite this article Krumeich JH, Hirnschall N, Breyer D, Laufer F. Femto Circular Keratotomy to Halt the Progression of Keratoconus I and II. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2016;5(3):109-113.
“Debt on Me Head” (2019)

Young cannabis users in treatment can clearly identify many negative aspects of their cannabis use but are particularly ambivalent toward cannabis. Reluctance to aim for abstinence is common.
Raman scattering in nanosized nickel oxide NiO (2007)

Magnetic ordering in nanosized (100 and 1500 nm) nickel oxide NiO powders, prepared by the plasma synthesis method, was studied using Raman scattering spectroscopy in a wide range of temperatures from 10 to 300 K. It was observed that the intensity of two-magnon band decreases rapidly for smaller crystallites size. This effect is attributed to a decrease of antiferromagnetic spin correlations and leads to the antiferromagnetic-to-paramagnetic phase transition.