gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Horizontal transfer of the insect growth regulator pyriproxyfen to larval microcosms by gravid Aedes albopictus and Ochlerotatus triseriatus mosquitoes in the laboratory (2003)

The insect growth regulator (IGR) pyriproxyfen is highly active against mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). Through continuous emersion of large larvae (instars 3-4) the concentration causing 50% inhibition of adult emergence (EI50) was determined as 0.200 p.p.b. for Aedes albopictus (Skuse) and 3.5 to 7 times less for Ochlerotatus triseriatus (Say): IE50 0.0288 p.p.b. As a possible method of application to larval microcosms of these species that oviposit in water containers and phytotelmata, the horizontal transfer of pyriproxyfen to larval microcosms by adult mosquitoes was evaluated under laboratory conditions. Gravid females were forced to walk on surfaces treated with pyriproxyfen (tarsal contact exposure) and then allowed to oviposit in larval microcosms. Using replicate bioassay cages, each with an oviposition container, and a factorial experimental design, we assessed Ae. albopictus for the effects of (i) pyriproxyfen concentration (0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 mg/cm2) contacted by gravid females, and (ii) the number of treated gravid females added to bioassay cages (one, three or five females/cage), on the mortality of larvae in oviposition containers. Only 0.2 mg/cm2 treatment rate was tested on Oc. triseriatus. A significant (P < 0.05) curvilinear response in inhibition of emergence (IE) was achieved on both species. Densities of one or three treated Oc. triseriatus females/cage yielded IE rates of only 21-27%, whereas five treated females/cage resulted in 70% inhibition. With Ae. albopictus, densities of three or five treated females/cage yielded 48-67% and 59-73% IE, respectively, whereas one treated female/cage gave only 4-30% inhibition. Use of IGR-treated oviposition containers to achieve horizontal transfer of pyriproxyfen to mosquito oviposition sites could be a field management technique based on mosquito biology and behaviour. In binary choice tests with Ae. albopictus, horizontal transfer of pyriproxyfen from a container with a treated ovistrip (0.3 or 0.4 mg/cm2) to an untreated microcosm resulted in 14-38% inhibition. In larval bioassays, pyriproxyfen activity declined markedly within 10 days. Forcibly exposing gravid female mosquitoes to pyriproxyfen-treated paper surface did not affect their fecundity. However, from the 1st to 2nd gonotrophic cycles the egg hatch rate declined by 30% (P < 0.05). Some variation of results could be due to interactions between females at the oviposition site, possibly causing disproportionate transfer of pyriproxyfen to larval microcosms. Comparative studies of the oviposition behaviour of each mosquito are warranted and would potentially provide information needed to improve the technique.
The Formative Years of the Catholic University of America. By John Tracy Ellis. (Washington: American Catholic Historical Association, 1946. Pp. xiv, 415. $4.00.) (1950)

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Optical Histology: A Method to Visualize Microvasculature in Thick Tissue Sections of Mouse Brain (2013)

Presented here are maps of the microvasculature in 1 mm thick slices of mouse brain. Using combined optical clearing and optical imaging techniques, we devised a methodology to enhance the visualization of the microvasculature in thick tissues. We believe this technique could potentially be used to generate a three-dimensional map of the microvasculature in an entire organ.
A survey on control separation techniques in multi-radio multi-channel MAC protocols (2007)

The rapid diminishing in the cost of commodity wireless hardware in recent years has prompted the use of multiple radios to improve the capacity of wireless networks. However, the research has shown that the improvement obtained from using multiple radios does not solely depend on the number of radios, but primarily on how these radios can be integrated in a constructive manner. A common way of integration multiple radios is to use a dedicated radio for control. To date, a number of multi-radio MAC protocol are employing a dedicated radio to control and coordinate the other radios, though the approaches are varied from one to another. In this paper, the control separation techniques in the multi-radio multi-channel MAC have been surveyed, and a classification of control separation techniques is provided. Moreover, this study points out the open research issues and intends to spark new interests and developments in this field.
Synthesis of Poly(Lactic Acid-co-Glycolic Acid) Copolymers with High Glycolide Ratio by Ring-Opening Polymerisation (2021)

The rise in demand for biodegradable plastic packaging with high barrier properties has spurred interest in poly(lactic acid-<i>co</i>-glycolic acid) (PLGA) copolymers with a relatively high glycolide content. In this work, we examined how reaction conditions affect the synthesis of PLGA25 (L:G 25:75) through the ring-opening polymerisation of d-l-lactide (L) and glycolide (G), using tin 2-ethylhexanoate (Sn(Oct)<sub>2</sub>) as the catalyst and 1-dodecanol as the initiator. The effects of varying the initiator concentration, catalyst concentration, reaction time, and temperature on the molecular weight, monomer conversion, and thermal properties of PLGA25 were investigated. Increasing the reaction temperature from 130 to 205 °C significantly reduced the time required for high monomer conversions but caused greater polymer discolouration. Whilst increasing the [M]:[C] from 6500:1 to 50,000:1 reduced polymer discolouration, it also resulted in longer reaction times and higher reaction temperatures being required to achieve high conversions. High M<sub>n</sub> and M<sub>w</sub> values of 136,000 and 399,000 g mol<sup>-1</sup> were achieved when polymerisations were performed in the solid state at 150 °C using low initiator concentrations. These copolymers were analysed using high temperature SEC at 80 °C, employing DMSO instead of HFIP as the eluent.
Expanding Structural Diversity of Terpene Trilactones from Ginkgo biloba Extract: Studies towards Core-modified Ginkgolides (2005)

Ginkgolides, the unique terpene trilactones from the Ginkgo biloba tree, are believed to enhance memory, improve blood circulation and exhibit beneficial effects in the treatment of dementia.Unfortunately, mechanisms of ginkgolide actions at the molecular level are still not determined.Ginkgolide skeleton modifications may provide a plausible approach to address subtle changes in the ligand-receptor interactions.Furthermore, the simplified structure of the ginkgolide skeleton may guide to the leads that will be attractive for drug development.This review covers the modifications of the ginkgolide skeleton, reported to date.
Multibeam sonar calibration: removal of static surface reverberation by coherent echo subtraction (2002)

Calibration of multibeam sonar in confined environments may require treatment of surface reverberation. In the case of tanks, the method of coherent echo subtraction may be employed to remove static surface reverberation, allowing the tanks to be used for standard-target calibration. This is illustrated for the Simrad SM2000 Multibeam Echo Sounder operating at 200 kHz. The signal-to-noise ratio is typically improved by about 25 dB.
Effect of oral theaflavin administration on body weight, fat, and muscle in healthy subjects: a randomized pilot study (2016)

Theaflavins are reddish-colored polyphenols in black tea. To test the efficacy of theaflavin administration on body fat and muscle, we performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study and investigated the effect of theaflavins administration on the body composition using of healthy subjects. In this study, 30 male and female Japanese were enrolled and participants were randomly allocated to receive placebo, theaflavin (50 or 100 mg/day), or catechin (400 mg/ml) for 10 weeks. The effects were evaluated using body weight, body fat percentage, subcutaneous fat percentage, and skeletal muscle percentage. Theaflavin administration significantly improved body fat percentage, subcutaneous fat percentage, and skeletal muscle percentage when compared to with the placebo. In contrast, there was no significant difference in all measured outcomes between the catechin and the placebo groups. The results indicate that oral administration of theaflavin had a beneficial effect on body fat and muscle in healthy individuals.
A 1V Low-Power Single-Chip CMOS WLAN IEEE 802.11a Transceiver (2006)

A 1V WLAN IEEE 802.11a CMOS transceiver integrates all building blocks on a single chip including a transformer-feedback VCO and a stacked divider for the synthesizer and 8-bit IQ ADCs and 8-bit IQ DACs. Fabricated in a 0.18-mum CMOS process and operated at a single 1-V supply, the receiver and the transmitter consume 85.7mW and 53.2mW, including the frequency synthesizer, respectively. The total chip area with pads is 12.5 mm <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub>
Social Media as a Platform for Surgical Learning (2017)

: In response to technological advances and growing dispersion of surgical practice around the globe, social media platforms have emerged in recent years as channels for surgeons to share experiences, ask questions, and learn from one another. To better understand surgeons' engagement with these platforms, we analyzed data from a closed-membership Facebook group for robotic surgeons. Our analysis revealed that surgeons posted more frequently on midweek days, and further that text posts received significantly more comments, and significantly fewer "likes," than posts containing links, photos, or videos. We discuss the implications of these use and engagement patterns for the viability of social media platforms as tools for surgeons to learn vicariously from their peers' experiences and expertise.
The True Ablation Effect of Holmium YAG Laser on Soft Tissue (2018)

The overall mean ID was significantly higher than the theoretical 0.4 mm PD described for Ho:YAG laser. The energy, frequency, and pulse length had individual effects regarding ID, incision width, and coagulation. The ID should be specified in accordance with the laser's power output and should not be confused with the physics of PD concept.
Abstract 171: CRP, IL-18, and BNP are Associated with Regional Brain Atrophy: Results from the Dallas Heart Study (2013)

Purpose: Multiple biomarkers have been associated with total brain atrophy. However, little is known about their relationship to segmental atrophy in a large, multi-ethnic, population-based sample. Materials and Methods: 3D-MPRAGE brain images obtained at 3T from 2082 participants of the Dallas Heart Study (DHS) 2 were analyzed with Freesurfer and outlier analysis was performed. Divisive eigenvalue clustering of 89 brain segments yielded 24 groups with linked atrophy patterns. Plasma C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-18, homocsysteine and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) obtained 7 years prior during DHS 1 were available for 1343, 840, 1333 and 1331 participants, respectively. Multivariate linear regression analysis with adjustments for age, ethnicity, and gender were used to demonstrate associations between biomarkers and atrophy clusters. Results: Nine atrophy clusters were associated with CRP, three atrophy clusters were associated with IL-18, and six atrophy clusters were associated with BNP (Table 1). Homocysteine did not have any significant correlations. Conclusions: The markers studied had associations with distinct patterns of segmental atrophy indicating they may have unique interactions in different brain regions. This suggests that distinct inflammatory and other pathways may be at work in specific regions of the brain and that their localized effects may be obscured by approaches evaluating solely total brain volumes. Table 1:
Graded Structural Polymorphism in a Bacterial Thermosensor Protein (2016)

Thermosensing is critical for the expression of virulence genes in pathogenic bacteria that infect warm-blooded hosts. Proteins of the Hha-family, conserved among enterobacteriaceae, have been implicated in dynamically regulating the expression of a large number of genes upon temperature shifts. However, there is little mechanistic evidence at the molecular level as to how changes in temperature are transduced into structural changes and hence the functional outcome. In this study, we delineate the conformational behavior of Cnu, a putative molecular thermosensor, employing diverse spectroscopic, calorimetric and hydrodynamic measurements. We find that Cnu displays probe-dependent unfolding in equilibrium, graded increase in structural fluctuations and temperature-dependent swelling of the dimensions of its native ensemble within the physiological range of temperatures, features that are indicative of a highly malleable native ensemble. Site-specific fluorescence and NMR experiments in combination with multiple computational approaches—statistical mechanical model, coarse-grained and all-atom MD simulations—reveal that the fourth helix of Cnu acts as a unique thermosensing module displaying varying degrees of order and orientation in response to temperature modulations while undergoing a continuous unfolding transition. Our combined experimental–computational study unravels the folding-functional landscape of a natural thermosensor protein, the molecular origins of its unfolding complexity, highlights the role of functional constraints in determining folding-mechanistic behaviors, and the design principles orchestrating the signal transduction roles of the Hha protein family.
ESG 2006 : Troisième symposium international sur les effets de la géologie de surface sur les mouvements sismiques : Grenoble, 30 août - 1er septembre 2006 : Volume 2 (2006)

ESG 2006 est le Troisième symposium international sur les effets de la géologie de surface sur les mouvements sismiques. Il s'est tenu à Grenoble, France, du 30 août au 1er septembre 2006, sous les auspices du groupe de travail international « ESG », un groupe commun à l'IASPEI (Association internationale de la sismologie et de la physique de l'intérieur de la terre) et l' IAEE (Association internationale de génie parasismique). Les contributions, variées et nombreuses, ont porté sur les résultats récents, les questions en suspens, et de nouveaux axes de recherche pour la compréhension et la prédiction des mouvements sismiques, avec une attention particulière aux conditions de site. Ces actes (en deux volumes) reflètent donc l'état des connaissances actuelles, de l'amont à l'aval, de la source à la fixation des actions sismiques de dimensionnement. Le volume 1 regroupe, outre plusieurs états de l'art, des contributions individuelles sur différentes facettes de ce sujet complexe, regroupées par thématique (jeux de données et méthodes d'analyse, non-linéarité, reconnaissance des conditions de sites, utilisation du bruit de fond sismique, méthode de simulation numérique et applications à différents événements, relations d'atténuation et estimation de l'aléa, études de cas). Le volume 2 est consacré pour l'essentiel aux deux tests comparatifs spécifiques organisés à l'occasion de ce symposium, le premier sur la simulation numérique des mouvements sismiques dans la cuvette grenobloise pour des séismes locaux, le second sur la capacité des méthodes d'analyse du bruit de fond sismique à procurer des estimations fiables et robustes du profil de vitesse en profondeur. Cette publication s'adresse aussi bien aux nouveaux venus sur la thématique qui veulent en découvrir un panorama d'ensemble, qu'aux chercheurs et ingénieurs en quête de résultats pointus et de références « à la page ».
Magnetization processes and optimal performance of magnetostrictive piezoelectric sensors (1996)

We discuss the magnetization processes in sensors based on the superposition of a magneto- restrictive amorphous ribbon over a piezoelectric plate. These devices show an unusual behavior of the null condition in the response curves, which we have related theoretically and experimentally to the coercive force of the magnetic sample and to changes in the magnetic domain pattern for frequencies near the longitudinal piezoelectric resonance frequency.
Correlations between transcription of a yeast tRNA gene and transcription factor-DNA interactions. (1984)

A partly purified fraction from Saccharomyces cerevisiae has a RNA polymerase III transcription factor activity and contains protein which binds specifically to two internal promoter regions of RNA polymerase III-transcribed genes. The influence of ionic strength and of dimethyl sulfoxide on specific binding to a S. cerevisiae tRNAleu3 gene has been analyzed by DNase I protection (footprinting) and by nitrocellulose filter binding. The effects of these agents on binding correlate with their effects on transcription and on the stability of transcription complexes. Dimethyl sulfoxide stabilizes binding and transcription complexes against dissociation by NaCl, with 10% dimethyl sulfoxide compensating for the addition of 50-60 mM NaCl. Binding of protein in the 5' proximal part of the S. cerevisiae tRNAleu3 gene is more NaCl-sensitive than binding in the 3' proximal part.
A beam‐propagation technique to analyze integrated photonic circuits (1992)

Abstract An explicit central difference scheme to implement the beam‐propagation algorithm for analyzing pulse propagation in photonic integrated circuits is discussed. The method has been successfully applied to planar waveguides, channel waveguides, and waveguide couplers. The method shows stability even after long propagation distances and does not involve computation of fast Fourier transform at any step, contrary to the methods discussed earlier. © 1992 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Surface Science Letters Imaging of a molecular wheelbarrow by scanning tunneling microscopy (2005)

We have studied the deposition and imaging of nanoscale molecular wheelbarrows. These molecules integrate—in analogy to macroscopic barrows—two wheels, legs and handles along a polyaromatic platform and were imaged on a clean Cu(1 0 0) surface with a scanning tunneling microscope at 7 K. The obtained images are in accordance with calculations and are dominated by the wheels. Several stable conformations of the wheelbarrow were found and identified by comparison with calculated images. � 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Effects of adding plant nutrients to the gel carrier used for fluid drilling germinating lettuce and onion seeds (1983)

SUMMARY Fluid drilled germinating lettuce seeds gave earlier production of larger heads than dry sown natural seeds. The addition of sodium phosphate to the gel with germinating seeds increased seedling growth rate which further advanced maturity and increased head weight. Sodium, ammonium and potassium phosphate added to the gel increased seedling dry weight of onions compared to the germinating seed control which produced larger seedlings than dry seed. However, these early improvements in onion seedling size diminished with time.
Experimental study of the free spectral range (FSR) in FPI with a small plate gap (2003)

In this paper we investigate the variation of free spectral range (FSR) for the Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) consisting of mirrors with phase shift dispersion. The reflection phase shift on a mirror has been calculated employing the Transfer-Matrix Method and the values of FSR have been calculated under the condition of normal incidence of light beam. Fabry-Perot (FP) cavities have been fabricated employing bulk micromachining technology, and silicon wafers coated with multiplayer dielectric films were used as mirrors. FSR of these FP cavities have been experimentally measured. The experimental data match the calculated results very well. The conclusion is that FSR shortening effect must be taken into account for the FPIs with a small plate gap, as the finesse and the tunable range of tunable FPI can be affected by the shortening effect greatly.
Photoresonance and conductivity of surface electrons on liquid He3 (2008)

Resonance variations of the in-plane conductivity of surface electrons (SEs) over liquid He3 induced by microwave (MW) radiation of a fixed frequency are experimentally and theoretically studied for low temperature scattering regimes (T&amp;lt;0.5K). The system was tuned to resonance by varying the amplitude of the vertical electric field which shifts the positions of SE Rydberg levels. The line-shape change and reversing of the sign of the effect are found to be opposite to those reported previously for weak vertical electric fields. A theoretical analysis of conductivity of the SE system heated due to decay of electrons excited to the second Rydberg level by the MW explains well the line-shape variations observed. It shows also that shifting the MW resonance into the range of weak vertical fields leads to important qualitative changes in the line-shape of SE conductivity which are in agreement with observations reported previously.
Evidence that productive rearrangements of TCR γ genes influence the commitment of progenitor cells to differentiate into αβ or γδ T cells (1995)

Two models have been considered to account for the differentiation of gamma delta and alpha beta T cells from a common hematopoietic progenitor cell. In one model, progenitor cells commit to a lineage before T cell receptor (TCR) rearrangement occurs. In the other model, progenitor cells first undergo rearrangement of TCR gamma, delta, or both genes, and cells that succeed in generating a functional receptor commit to the gamma delta lineage, while those that do not proceed to attempt complete beta and subsequently alpha gene rearrangements. A prediction of the latter model is that TCR gamma rearrangements present in alpha beta T cells will be nonproductive. We tested this hypothesis by examining V gamma 2-J gamma 1C gamma 1 rearrangements, which are commonly found in alpha beta T cells. The results indicate that V gamma 2-J gamma 1C gamma 1 rearrangements in purified alpha beta T cell populations are almost all nonproductive. The low frequency of productive rearrangements of V gamma 2 in alpha beta T cells is apparently not due to a property of the rearrangement machinery, because a transgenic rearrangement substrate, in which the V gamma 2 gene harbored a frame-shift mutation that prevents expression at the protein level, was often rearranged in a productive configuration in alpha beta T cells. The results suggest that progenitor cells which undergo productive rearrangement of their endogenous V gamma 2 gene are selectively excluded from the alpha beta T cell lineage.
Design of Frequency Reconfigurable Antenna on Dielectric and Magnetic Metamaterial Composite Substrate (2022)

&lt;p&gt;Reconfigurable planar antennas are essential in multifunctional wireless communication devices. This paper presents the design of a frequency reconfigurable patch antenna printed on a composite substrate made of a dielectric and a magnetic metamaterial (MMM). The MMM comprises magnetized ferrite slabs with embedded split-ring resonators (SRR). The constructive coupling between the resonances of the magnetized ferrites and SRR is optimized to achieve promising reconfigurable properties. The proposed frequency reconfigurable antenna demonstrates a 158% increase in the frequency tuning range. Furthermore, the simulated results are experimentally verified, and the composite substrate shows slight effects on the antenna radiation characteristics.&lt;br&gt; &lt;/p&gt;