gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Offshore Windfarm Design Optimization Using Dynamic Rating for Transmission Components (2021)

The foreseen development of large-scale Offshore Windfarms (OWFs) further from the shore dictates that the OWF transmission system must be optimally designed based on Dynamic Thermal Rating (DTR) in order to fully utilize the intermittent nature of the wind and to keep the offshore wind cost-competitive. In this paper, a comprehensive, DTR-based, two-stage stochastic model is presented, which has been developed for investment decision support for OWF size and HVAC transmission systems. Complex DTR models for all the critical HV components are made fit for the mixed-integer linear programming problem, while accounting for the stochasticity in wind generation and component availability. The main decisions incorporate the discrete size of OWFs, HV subsea export cable cross-sections and ratings for transformers and shunt reactors. For validation, an actual testcase OWF off the east coast of U.K. has been used. Results indicate that DTR-based iterative design of OWF and its transmission components can significantly improve the business case, even though transmission efficiency and energy delivered are not maximum for the optimal design
Coupling-driven signal encoding scheme for low-power interface design (2002)

Coupling effects between on-chip interconnects must be addressed in ultra deep submicron VLSI and system-on-a-chip (SoC) designs. A new low-power bus encoding scheme is proposed to minimize coupled switchings which dominate the on-chip bus power consumption. The coupling-driven bus invert method use slim encoder and decoder architecture to minimize the hardware overhead. Experimental results indicate that our encoding methods save effective switchings as much as 30% in an 8-bit bus with one-cycle redundancy.
Betacellulin improves glucose metabolism by promoting conversion of intraislet precursor cells to β-cells in streptozotocin-treated mice (2003)

Betacellulin (BTC) induces differentiation of pancreatic beta-cells and promotes regeneration of beta-cells in experimental diabetes. The present study was conducted to determine if BTC improved glucose metabolism in severe diabetes induced by a high dose of streptozotocin (STZ) in mice. Male ICR mice were injected with 200 microg/g ip STZ, and various doses of BTC were administered daily for 14 days. The plasma glucose concentration increased to a level of >500 mg/dl in STZ-injected mice. BTC (0.2 microg/g) significantly reduced the plasma glucose concentration, but a higher concentration was ineffective. The effect of BTC was marked by day 4 but became smaller on day 6 or later. The plasma insulin concentration and the insulin content were significantly higher in mice treated with 0.1 and 0.2 microg/g BTC. BTC treatment significantly increased the number of beta-cells in each islet as well as the number of insulin-positive islets. Within islets, the numbers of 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine/somatostatin-positive cells and pancreatic duodenal homeobox-1/somatostatin-positive cells were significantly increased by BTC. These results indicate that BTC improved hyperglycemia induced by a high dose of STZ by promoting neoformation of beta-cells, mainly from somatostatin-positive islet cells.
Monitoring the Ocean Acoustic Environment: A Model-Based Detection Approach (2000)

A model-based approach is applied in the development of a processor designed to passively monitor an ocean acoustic environment along with its associated variations. The technique employs an adaptive, model-based processor embedded in a sequential likelihood detection scheme. The trade-off between state-based and innovations-based monitor designs is discussed, conceptually. The underlying theory for the innovations-based design is briefly developed and applied to a simulated data set.
Rediscovering the Crystal Chemistry of Borides (2017)

For decades, borides have been primarily studied as crystallographic oddities. With such a wide variety of structures (a quick survey of the Inorganic Crystal Structure Database counts 1253 entries for binary boron compounds!), it is surprising that the applications of borides have been quite limited despite a great deal of fundamental research. If anything, the rich crystal chemistry found in borides could well provide the right tool for almost any application. The interplay between metals and the boron results in even more varied material's properties, many of which can be tuned via chemistry. Thus, the aim of this review is to reintroduce to the scientific community the developments in boride crystal chemistry over the past 60 years. We tie structures to material properties, and furthermore, elaborate on convenient synthetic routes toward preparing borides.
Hybrid bio-templated catalysts (2010)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 2010.
Studies on the Pectolytic Enzyme (1970)

Pectinesterase was extracted from the pulp of tomato fruit (Lycopersicum esculentum var. Hikari) pericarp with 250 mM potassium phosphate buffer, pH 8.0, and purified about 60 folds by means of ammonium sulfate fractionation, chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 column. The enzyme preparation thus obtained was confirmed to be homogeneous state both ultracentrifugationally and disk electrophoretically. The sedimentation coefficient of this enzyme was calculated to be 3.17 S. According to the result of amino acid analysis, cystine, methionine and histidine were not detectable. The Km value was 0.24% for citrus pectin. The enzymatic activity was increased in the presence of sodium chloride, which also broad the activity range. The optimum pH in the 100 mM sodium chloride was 8.0. There was a marked break in the Arrhenius plot at the temperature of 27°C and 31°C in the presence and absence of 100 mM sodium chloride, respectively. The effect of potassium β-indolacetate, gibberellin, 6-benzyladenine and N-dimethylamino succinamidic acid on this enzyme was not remarkable.
Hydrothermal Treatment of Bitumen Froth: Impact of Mineral Solids and Water on Bitumen Properties (2021)

Hydrothermal treatment, i.e., thermal treatment of bitumen in the presence of water and solids, as a potential approach for combined froth treatment and upgrading was investigated in this work. Reactions were performed in batch reactors at 250 °C with the bitumen, water, and solid phases separated from industrially obtained bitumen froth, and the impact of the presence or absence of water and/or solids on the bitumen conversion was studied. Statistical analysis of bitumen properties revealed that the hydrothermal treatment of the bitumen froth at 250 °C did not lead to upgrading of the bitumen. Treatment at the conditions used in this study was beneficial only when the bitumen was converted on its own. Water and/or mineral solids contributed to an increase in viscosity, which was accompanied by an increase in free radical content. These observations were tentatively explained based on the generation of free radicals by redox reactions and heavier product formation promoted by free radical addition reactions. While the treatment did not significantly impact the density of bitumen, changes in the H/C ratio, n-heptane insoluble content, and metal content of bitumen were noted. The total acid number (TAN) of bitumen increased in the presence of water and mineral solids. Base-catalyzed hydrolysis of esters and anhydrides in bitumen might be responsible for the increase in TAN, and the solids and water appeared to promote these reactions.
Ligand binding to a remote site thermodynamically corrects the F508del mutation in the human cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (2018)

Many disease-causing mutations impair protein stability. Here, we explore a thermodynamic strategy to correct the disease-causing F508del mutation in the human cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (hCFTR). F508del destabilizes nucleotide-binding domain 1 (hNBD1) in hCFTR relative to an aggregation-prone intermediate. We developed a fluorescence self-quenching assay for compounds that prevent aggregation of hNBD1 by stabilizing its native conformation. Unexpectedly, we found that dTTP and nucleotide analogs with exocyclic methyl groups bind to hNBD1 more strongly than ATP and preserve electrophysiological function of full-length F508del-hCFTR channels at temperatures up to 37 °C. Furthermore, nucleotides that increase open-channel probability, which reflects stabilization of an interdomain interface to hNBD1, thermally protect full-length F508del-hCFTR even when they do not stabilize isolated hNBD1. Therefore, stabilization of hNBD1 itself or of one of its interdomain interfaces by a small molecule indirectly offsets the destabilizing effect of the F508del mutation on full-length hCFTR. These results indicate that high-affinity binding of a small molecule to a remote site can correct a disease-causing mutation. We propose that the strategies described here should be applicable to identifying small molecules to help manage other human diseases caused by mutations that destabilize native protein conformation.
EARLY AND SMALL CHANGES IN SERUM CREATININE CONCENTRATIONS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH MORTALITY IN MECHANICALLY VENTILATED PATIENTS (2010)

Emerging evidence suggests that minor changes in serum creatinine concentrations are associated with increased hospital mortality rates. However, whether serum creatinine concentration (SCr) on admission and its change are associated with an increased mortality rate in mechanically ventilated patients is not known. We have conducted an international, prospective, observational cohort study enrolling adult intensive care unit patients under mechanical ventilation (MV). Recursive partitioning was used to determine the values of SCr at the start of MV (SCr0) and the change in SCr ([DeltaSCr] defined as the maximal difference between the value at start of MV [day 0] and the value on MV day 2 at 8:00 am) that best discriminate mortality. In-hospital mortality, adjusted by a proportional hazards model, was the primary outcome variable. A total of 2,807 patients were included; median age was 59 years and median Simplified Acute Physiology Score II was 44. All-cause in-hospital mortality was 44%. The variable that best discriminated outcome was a SCr0 greater than 1.40 mg/dL (mortality, 57% vs. 36% for patients with SCr0 <or=1.40 mg/dL, P < 0.001). Among patients with SCr0 less than or equal to 1.40 mg/dL, DeltaSCr greater than 0.31 discriminated mortality (56% vs. 34%, P < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, geographic area, advanced age, severity of illness, reason for MV, and cardiovascular and hepatic failure were also associated with mortality. Our study suggests that SCr0 greater than 1.40 mg/dL and, in patients with low baseline SCr, a DeltaSCr greater than 0.31 are predictors of in-hospital mortality in mechanically ventilated patients.
Synchrotron powder diffraction study of the low-temperature lattice distortion of PbMo6S8 (1994)

Synchrotron and Guinier x-ray powder diffraction data as a function of temperature on a superconducting PbMo6S8 sample (Tc=14.7 K) showed evidence for a subtle structural phase transition at Tl=140 K, leading from a rhombohedral high-temperature to a triclinic low-temperature modification. The transition is incomplete and presents a hysteresis of about 110 K. The triclinic cell parameters obtained at 130 K, a=6.534(9) Å, b=6.532(9) Å, c=6.529(9) Å, α=89.27(8)°, β=89.12(8)°, γ=88.97(8)°, show that the distortion affects mainly the angles (δα/αr=0.3%) and less the edges (δa/ar&amp;lt;0.1%). This result contrasts with previous neutron diffraction work [Phys. Rev. 35, 5365 (1987)] where the distortion was found to be much greater and to affect both the angles and the edges (δa/ar=1.2%, δα/αr=1.2%), and to be of the same order of magnitude than in the MMo6S8 (M=Sr,Ba,Eu) analogues (M=Ba: δa/ar=1.2%,δα/αr=3.5%). Guinier data on an oxygen containing sample having a lower superconducting transition temperature (Tc=10.5 K) showed a smaller distortion that started at lower temperature (Tl=100 K).
A B56 regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 2A localizes to nuclear speckles in cardiomyocytes (2005)

Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is widely distributed in heart tissues, yet its precise cellular functions are poorly understood. This study is based on the notion that PP2A action is governed by interactions of the core enzyme with B targeting/regulatory subunits. The subcellular localizations of two B subunits, B56alpha and B56gamma1, were assessed using adenovirus-driven expression of epitope-tagged (hemagglutinin, HA) in cultured neonatal and adult rat ventricular myocytes. Confocal imaging revealed that HA-B56alpha was excluded from the nucleus and decorated striated structures, whereas HA-B56gamma1 was principally found in the nucleus. Precise immunolabeling studies showed that B56gamma1 was concentrated in intranuclear structures known as nuclear speckles, macromolecular structures that accumulate transcription and splicing factors. Western blot analyses revealed that overexpression of either B subunit had no effect on the levels of other PP2A subunits in cultured neonatal cardiac cells. However, overexpression of only B56gamma1 increased whole cell PP2A activity by 40% when measured in cell extracts. Finally, B56gamma1 did not alter global gene expression or expression of hypertrophic gene markers such as alpha-skeletal actin. However, morphometric analyses of confocal images revealed that B56gamma1 alters the dynamic assembly/disassembly process of nuclear speckles in heart cells. These studies provide new insight into mechanisms of PP2A targeting in the subnuclear architecture in cardiomyocytes and into the role of this phosphatase in nuclear signaling.
Resident Memory T Cells in Autoimmune Skin Diseases (2021)

Tissue resident memory T cells (TRM) are a critical component of the immune system, providing the body with an immediate and highly specific response against pathogens re-infecting peripheral tissues. More recently, however, it has been demonstrated that TRM cells also form during autoimmunity. TRM mediated autoimmune diseases are particularly destructive, because unlike foreign antigens, the self-antigens are never cleared, continuously activating self-reactive TRM T cells. In this article, we will focus on how TRMs mediate disease in autoimmune skin conditions, specifically vitiligo, psoriasis, cutaneous lupus erythematosus, alopecia areata and frontal fibrosing alopecia.
A Protocol-Driven, Bedside Digital Conversational Agent to Support Nurse Teams and Mitigate Risks of Hospitalization in Older Adults: Case Control Pre-Post Study (Preprint) (2019)

<sec> <title>BACKGROUND</title> Hospitalized older adults often experience isolation and disorientation while receiving care, placing them at risk for many inpatient complications, including loneliness, depression, delirium, and falls. Embodied conversational agents (ECAs) are technological entities that can interact with people through spoken conversation. Some ECAs are also relational agents, which build and maintain socioemotional relationships with people across multiple interactions. This study utilized a novel form of relational ECA, provided by Care Coach (care.coach, inc): an animated animal avatar on a tablet device, monitored and controlled by live health advocates. The ECA implemented algorithm-based clinical protocols for hospitalized older adults, such as reorienting patients to mitigate delirium risk, eliciting toileting needs to prevent falls, and engaging patients in social interaction to facilitate social engagement. Previous pilot studies of the Care Coach avatar have demonstrated the ECA’s usability and efficacy in home-dwelling older adults. Further study among hospitalized older adults in a larger experimental trial is needed to demonstrate its effectiveness. </sec> <sec> <title>OBJECTIVE</title> The aim of the study was to examine the effect of a human-in-the-loop, protocol-driven relational ECA on loneliness, depression, delirium, and falls among diverse hospitalized older adults. </sec> <sec> <title>METHODS</title> This was a clinical trial of 95 adults over the age of 65 years, hospitalized at an inner-city community hospital. Intervention participants received an avatar for the duration of their hospital stay; participants on a control unit received a daily 15-min visit from a nursing student. Measures of loneliness (3-item University of California, Los Angeles Loneliness Scale), depression (15-item Geriatric Depression Scale), and delirium (confusion assessment method) were administered upon study enrollment and before discharge. </sec> <sec> <title>RESULTS</title> Participants who received the avatar during hospitalization had lower frequency of delirium at discharge (&lt;italic&gt;P&lt;/italic&gt;&amp;lt;.001), reported fewer symptoms of loneliness (&lt;italic&gt;P&lt;/italic&gt;=.01), and experienced fewer falls than control participants. There were no significant differences in self-reported depressive symptoms. </sec> <sec> <title>CONCLUSIONS</title> The study findings validate the use of human-in-the-loop, relational ECAs among diverse hospitalized older adults. </sec>
Video-rate tomographic phase microscopy (2011)

Tomographic phase microscopy measures the 3-D refractive index distribution of cells and tissues by combining the information from a series of angle-dependent interferometric phase images. In the original device, the frame rate was limited to 0.1 frames per second (fps) by the technique used to acquire phase images, preventing measurements of moving or rapidly changing samples. We describe an improved tomographic phase microscope in which phase images are acquired via a spatial fringe pattern demodulation method, enabling a full tomogram acquisition rate of 30 fps. In addition, in this system the refractive index is calculated by a diffraction tomography algorithm that accounts for the effects of diffraction in the 3-D reconstruction. We use the instrument to quantitatively monitor rapid changes in refractive index within defined subregions of cells due to exposure to acetic acid or changes in medium osmolarity.
Supplementary Table S4 from Molecular Subtypes of Head and Neck Cancer in Patients of African Ancestry (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Differentially expressed genes by race&lt;/p&gt;
PKCδ Activation (2001)

Insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) are members of the family of the insulin family of growth factors, which activate similar cellular downstream pathways. In this study, we analyzed the effects of insulin and IGF-1 on the proliferation of murine skin keratinocytes in an attempt to determine whether these hormones trigger the same signaling pathways. Increasing doses of insulin and IGF-1 promote keratinocyte proliferation in an additive manner. We identified downstream pathways specifically involved in insulin signaling that are known to play a role in skin physiology; these include activation of the Na+/K+ pump and protein kinase C (PKC). Insulin, but not IGF-1, stimulated Na+/K+ pump activity. Furthermore, ouabain, a specific Na+/K+ pump inhibitor, abolished the proliferative effect of insulin but not that of IGF-1. Insulin and IGF-1 also differentially regulated PKC activation. Insulin, but not IGF-1, specifically activated and translocated the PKCB isoform to the membrane fraction. There was no effect on PKC isoforms alpha, eta, epsilon, and zeta, which are expressed in skin. PKC8 overexpression increased keratinocyte proliferation and Na+/K+ pump activity to a degree similar to that induced by insulin but had no affect on IGF-1-induced proliferation. Furthermore, a dominant negative form of PKCdelta abolished the effects of insulin on both proliferation and Na+/K+ pump activity but did not abrogate induction of keratinocyte proliferation induced by other growth factors. These data indicate that though insulin or IGF-1 stimulation induce keratinocyte proliferation, only insulin action is specifically mediated via PKC8 and involves activation of the Na+/K+ pump.
<em>Mycobacterium avium</em> complex: Adherence as a way of life (2018)

<i>Mycobacterium avium</i> complex (MAC) organisms are waterborne, opportunistic pathogens whose source is natural waters and soils and proliferates and persists in premise plumbing, for example household and hospital plumbing. <i>M. avium</i> complex and other environmental mycobacteria grow slowly, not because their metabolism is slow, but because they synthesize long chain (C<sub>60</sub>-C<sub>80</sub>) fatty acids that make up its hydrophobic and impermeable outer membrane. There are costs and benefits to the presence of that lipid-rich outer membrane. One benefit is that cell-surface hydrophobicity drives <i>M. avium</i> complex cells to adhere to surfaces to reduce their interaction with charged ions in suspension; they are likely "biofilm pioneers", adhering to a wide variety of surface materials. The result is that the slow-growing <i>M. avium</i> complex cells (1 gen/day at 37 °C) will not be washed out of any flowing system, whether a stream or plumbing in the built environment. Although the slow permeation of nutrients in <i>M. avium</i> complex organisms limits growth, they are also resistant to disinfectants, thus increasing their survival in water distribution systems, premise plumbing, and medical equipment. There are three components to the antimicrobial resistance of <i>M. avium</i> complex in biofilms: (1) innate resistance due to the hydrophobic, impermeable outer membrane, (2) residence in a matrix of extracellular polysaccharide, lipid, DNA, and protein that prevents access of antimicrobials to <i>M. avium</i> cells, and (3) an adaptive and transient increased resistance of biofilm-grown <i>M. avium</i> cells grown in biofilms. As expected <i>M. avium</i> in biofilms will display neutral, antagonistic, or beneficial interactions with other biofilm inhabitants. <i>Methylobacterium</i> spp., the common pink-pigmented, waterborne bacteria compete with <i>M. avium</i> for surface binding, suggested an approach to reducing <i>M. avium</i> biofilm formation and hence persistence in premise plumbing.
The Shape-Memory Effect in a Titanium-35 wt.-% Niobium Alloy (1971)

AbstractAbstractThe shape-memory effect has been studied in a titanium −35 wt.-% niobium alloy. The effect is observed under two different sets of conditions. First, when the fully martensitic alloy is deformed below Ms it recovers its original shape when heated above As Secondly, if the alloy is deformed between Ms and As (with Ms artificially depressed by a fine dispersion of ω-phase precipitates, which prevents the martensite forming on cooling through the expected Ms , a strain-induced martensite is formed and on heating above As the deformation is recovered. When the orthorhombic martensite forms from the cubic β phase, there is an expansion of the unit cell along two axes of the orthorhombic and a contraction along the third. The orientation relationship between the two phases predicts 12 possible variants and on stressing that variant will be formed which results in a relief of the stress, e.g. under a tensile stress those lattice planes with an increased spacing in the orthorhombic phase will tend to lie perpendicular to the stress axis. Deformation below Ms causes growth of certain variants at the expense of others and deformation between Ms and Ms results in different variants being produced under different stress conditions.
Fabrication of Anodic Oxidation Films on 4H–SiC at Room Temperature Using HNO3-Based Electrolytes (2005)

Oxidation of 4H–SiC substrates by anodic methods using HNO 3 and HF+HNO 3 electrolytes was carried out at room temperature. Oxide layers with a thickness of 1 µm were formed in 5 min, which is 100 times faster than by a conventional dry thermal oxidation method. The consumed SiC layer is 1/3 of the oxide thickness. The oxide layer was found to be SiO 2 including carbon by XPS analysis. The carbon atomic concentration in the oxide layers could be reduced by thermal annealing in a gas mixture of H 2 /Ar=1:9.