gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modified Ankle Joint Neuromechanics during One-Legged Heel Raise Test after an Achilles Rupture and Its Associations with Jumping (2021)

This study had two purposes. The first purpose of the study was to compare the electromyographic(EMG) and dynamic characteristics in injured and non-injured legs during the one-legged heel-raise test after a unilateral Achilles repair. The second purpose was to determine the correlations between the EMG results and the dynamic characteristics and between the characteristics in the eccentric phase and jumping distance. Twenty-six participants who underwent an Achilles repair between 4 and 12 months prior to the measurement were recruited to perform the following bilateral tests: (1) one-legged heel-raise test with measurements of muscle activation, kinematics, and kinetics and (2) one-legged forward jumping. During the heel-raise exercise, there were increases of the EMG amplitudes in the soleus and tibialis anterior muscles, lower ankle joint angle and angular velocity, lower normalized ground reaction force, and mechanical work in the repaired legs in comparison to the non-injured legs. The EMG results of the medial gastrocnemius and soleus muscles correlated with the dynamic results (rs = 0.467 and −0.537). Furthermore, the dynamic data in the eccentric phase were correlated with the jumping performance (rs = 0.575 and −0.471). It is concluded the soleus muscle undergoes neuromechanical changes, including changes in EMG and dynamic characteristics, and changes affecting jumping performance.
Arterial stiffness and heart rate variability analysis in patients with mild–moderate obstructive sleep apnoea, with and without excessive daytime sleepiness (2016)

BACKGROUND: Patients with severe obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) show higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CV) and exhibit an increased arterial stiffness and a deregulation of autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity. Data are lacking in patients with mild-moderate OSAS. The study aimed to analyze heart rate variability (HRV) and arterial stiffness in patients with mild–moderate OSAS, with and without symptoms of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). METHODS: Fifty-six male patients with mild–moderate OSAS [apnoea/hypopnea index (AHI) between 5 and 30 events/hour], without any CV risk factor, underwent full polysomnography (NPSG). Patients were divided into two groups according to the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), a subjective assessment of daytime sleepiness. During the first and the last 5 minutes of NPSG, in the wake stage, and overnight we have analysed arterial stiffness index (SIDVP), derived from digital plethysmogram, and heart rate variability. RESULTS: The two groups were matched for age, body mass index (BMI) and AHI, did not show differences in terms of arterial stiffness. Patients with an ESS >10 had similar values of SIDVP compared with patients without EDS. In terms of HRV we have found a significant difference only in low frequency (LF) power at the end of the NPSG study (LF power 14,601±7,495 vs. 21,031±14,257 ms(2), P<0.05), with no differences in the other HRV parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with mild-moderate OSAS, with or without EDS, exhibit similar arterial stiffness and HRV and therefore might have a similar CV risk.
NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION OF DUAL MICROSTRUCTURE TURBINE ENGINE DISK MATERIAL (2011)

We present development status and plans for NDE of graded material microstructures such as those found in dual microstructure turbine engine disks. These hybrid disks feature coarse grain microstructures in the rim for increased creep resistance and fine grain microstructures in the bore for optimal fracture toughness and fatigue resistance. Preliminary eddy current measurements and ultrasonic measurements, including longitudinal, shear, and Rayleigh wave velocity, frequency dependent attenuation, and backscattered grain noise resulted in clear identification of the coarse grain, transition, and fine grain regions, and are the basis for development of quantitative methods for NDE of microstructure.
Response to Selection for Dark Respiration Rate of Mature Leaves in Lolium perenne and its Effects on Growth of Young Plants and Simulated Swards (1982)

Selections for slow and for fast rate of dark respiration of mature leaves were made from within Lolium perenne cv. S23. Selected parents were pair-crossed to provide 15 F1 families with slow respiration and 15 with fast. Dark respiration was inherited and families with contrasting rates were subjected to sequentially harvested growth analyses from the third leaf stage to that of 95 per cent light interception in a growth room. Seven periods of regrowth of simulated swards of the families were then recorded. During development of the primary canopy, growth of the selections did not differ until the final harvest interval. At this stage slow respiration families had faster (P < 0.05) net assimilation rate and greater plant dry weight (P < 0.05) and leaf area index (P < 0.05) than the fast respiration group. Relative growth rate followed the same trend. In the swards after each regrowth dry matter yield of the slow respiration group was greater than that of the fast. In another experiment, simulated swards of six slow respiration families yielded more than swards of six fast respiration families over sequential regrowth periods in a glasshouse from May to November: S23 was intermediate. Differences were most during August and September. Crop growth rate at each harvest correlated (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) with previously determined leaf respiration at 25 °C. Leaf protein levels in August weakly correlated (r = +0.57, P < 0.05) with respiration rate per unit dry weight but there was a significant residual negative correlation (r = −0.67, P < 0.05) between the rate per unit protein and growth at that time. Results are discussed in relation to the concept of ‘maintenance-relàted’ respiration.
Evidence for the presence of proteolytically active secreted aspartic proteinase 1 of Candida parapsilosis in the cell wall (2011)

Pathogenic yeasts of the genus Candida produce secreted aspartic proteinases, which are known to enhance virulence. We focused on Sapp1p proteinase secreted by Candida parapsilosis and studied the final stage of its passage through the cell wall and release into the extracellular environment. We found that Sapp1p displays enzyme activity prior to secretion, and therefore, it is probably fully folded within the upper layer of the cell wall. The positioning of cell surface-associated Sapp1p was detected by cell wall protein labeling using biotinylation agents, extraction of cell wall proteins by β-mercaptoethanol, immunochemical detection, and mass spectrometry analysis. All lysine residues present in the structure of soluble, purified Sapp1p were labeled with biotin. In contrast, the accessibility of individual lysines in cell wall-associated Sapp1p varied with the exception of four lysine residues that were biotinylated in all experiments performed, suggesting that Sapp1p has a preferred orientation in the cell wall. As the molecular weight of this partially labeled Sapp1p did not differ among the experiments, we can assume that the retaining of Sapp1p in the cell wall is not a totally random process and that pathogenic yeasts might use this cell-associated proteinase activity to enhance degradation of appropriate substrates.
Growth factor stimulation induces a distinct ERα cistrome underlying breast cancer endocrine resistance (2010)

Estrogen receptor α (ERα) expression in breast cancer is predictive of response to endocrine therapy; however, resistance is common in ERα-positive tumors that overexpress the growth factor receptor ERBB2. Even in the absence of estrogen, ERα can be activated by growth factors, including the epidermal growth factor (EGF). EGF induces a transcriptional program distinct from estrogen; however, the mechanism of the stimulus-specific response is unknown. Here we show that the EGF-induced ERα genomic targets, its cistromes, are distinct from those induced by estrogen in a process dependent on the transcription factor AP-1. The EGF-induced ERα cistrome specifically regulates genes found overexpressed in ERBB2-positive human breast cancers. This provides a potential molecular explanation for the endocrine therapy resistance seen in ERα-positive breast cancers that overexpress ERBB2. These results suggest a central role for ERα in hormone-refractory breast tumors dependent on growth factor pathway activation and favors the development of therapeutic strategies completely antagonizing ERα, as opposed to blocking its estrogen responsiveness alone.
Induction of versican‐thrombospondin‐1 complexes during endoplasmic reticulum stress on vascular smooth muscle cells (2006)

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress contributes to immune responses and chronic inflammatory diseases. We identified a specific interaction between two secreted proteins, thrombospondin‐1 and versican, that was induced during a toll‐like receptor‐3‐dependent ER stress response in vascular smooth muscle cells. Thrombospondin‐1 binds to versican in a divalent cation‐dependent manner. This interaction is mediated by the G1 domains of versican and aggrecan and the N‐terminal region of thrombospondin‐1 but only weakly by the corresponding region of thrombospondin‐2. On poly‐I:C‐stimulated vascular smooth muscle cells, versican organizes into fibrillar structures containing elastin but distinct from those formed by hyaluronan. Endogenous and exogenously added thrombospondin‐1 incorporates into these structures. Binding of exogenous thrombospondin‐1 to these structures, to purified versican, and to its G1 domain is potently inhibited by heparin. The presence of exogenous thrombospondin‐1 during poly‐I:C treatment delays formation of structures containing versican and elastin, suggesting that thrombospondin‐1 negatively modulates this component of an ER stress response. This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, NCI, CCR.
A Coupled Geochemical-Based Modeling Approach for Low Salinity Polymer (LSP) Injection: Effects of Salinity, Rock-Type, and Temperature on Polymer Rheology (2023)

Abstract The hybrid low-salinity polymer (LSP) injection technique has potential for significant synergistic advantages as an enhanced oil recovery (EOR) approach. Previous studies indicated that LSP-injection appreciably improves polymer rheology, injectivity, viscoelasticity, and displacement efficiency. However, effectively modeling of LSP injection is still lacking and necessitates realistic simulation of polymer-brine-rock (PBR) interactions in a mechanistic predictive model. In this study, the MATLAB Reservoir Simulation Toolbox (MRST) coupled with IPhreeqc geochemical software is used to gather deeper understandings of the PBR interactions during LSP-injection. This contribution relates to the sensitivity analysis performed to investigate the effects of salinity, rock-type, and temperature on polymer viscosity during LSP process. Additionally, the de-risking step involving the charge ratio (CR) analysis is considered to estimate the potential polymer viscosity loss for various salinities, rock-compositions, and temperatures. The inaccessible pore volume (IPV), Todd-Longstaff mixing model parameters, polymer adsorption, permeability reduction as well as salinity and shear rate effects on polymer viscosity were modeled via the coupled MRST-IPhreeqc simulator. The results showed that 6-times spiked salinity (3,738 ppm) scenario is more preferable than 6-times diluted salinity (103 ppm) scenario with corresponding viscosity losses of 53% and 56%. Also, the anhydrite mineral showed the highest viscosity loss of 60% among other rock-forming minerals, followed by dolomite of 56%, and lastly, calcite with the lowest viscosity loss of 50%. For the temperature effect, the highest viscosity loss of 59% was observed at 25°C, whereas the 90°C-temperature model is the most advantageous with lowest viscosity losses of 48%. For LSP injection de-risking measures, the divalent-cation’s effect was correlated with the CR value. Consequently, it is crucial to get an optimal CR value at which viscosity loss is minimum. Based on the CR analysis, a CR &amp;gt; 1 suggests negligible viscosity loss in the LSP-solution, which in this study correlates to the cation threshold concentration of 130 ppm. A CR &amp;lt; 0.35 is expected to result in substantial viscosity loss for the LSP solution. When 0.35 &amp;lt; CR &amp;lt; 1, additional risk-analysis of polymer viscosity loss in the LSP solution is required. This contribution could also help bolster further studies and eventually aid more efficient LSP-injection designs.
Comparison of LLE and PCA Algorithms for Gene Expression Data Analysis (2014)

According to the problem that the linear dimension reduction is not effective to understand gene expression data. using the manifold learning as a guide, analysing dimensionality reduction of gene expression data, selecting colon cancer and leukaemia gene expression datasets for investigation, using inter category distances as the criteria to quantitatively evaluate the effects of data dimensionality reduction. Experiments show that LLE algorithm is more suitable method for the gene expression data. The LLE analyses indicate that there is a clear distinction boundary between the healthy people and the cancer patients.
Fabrication of palladium functionalized sol-gel based SnO<inf>2</inf> gas sensor for H<inf>2</inf> and CO detection (2017)

This study presents design, micro-fabrication and neural network calibration of a low cost micro-gas sensor. This sensor is able to identify two gases (CO and H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ) and their concentrations in a mixture. Using the micro-fabrication process the sensitivity of the sensors has increased while decreasing the fabrication cost. Using the Pechini route technique, the sensing layer is fabricated based on a layer of metal oxide semiconductor (SnO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ) which is doped with palladium. Sensing layer surface morphology has been characterized (using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)) to study (i) the molecular structure of the sensing layer fabricated under various conditions, and (ii) the effect of palladium doping on the crystalline structure. Following our previous study, the neural network calibration is employed to perform identification process. Four different concentrations of Co and H2 are exposed to the fabricated sensor and the results of output voltages show the high sensitivity of the sensing layer.
The Use of Paired Comparisons for Evaluating Complex Route Matching Performance in a Spatial Awareness Task (2013)

A method is proposed for evaluating participants’ performance in a global spatial awareness task involving identification of complex winding routes. Rather than using coarse measures of spatial error, the method of paired comparisons employs impartial judges to compare sets of aggregated experimental data generated by the participants with respect closeness in shape to the target route. The method was applied to a set of data in an experimental investigation of the effect of height on a participant’s ability to identify the route he had just flown over (in a 20 second video). Seven participants performed a total of 48 trials in a 4 (heights) X 2 (trial blocks) within-subjects experiment. Results from the paired comparison analysis suggested that height had a statistically significant effect on correct route identification. Of equal importance in the context of the present paper, the method of paired comparison analysis proved to be effective in quantifying performance data that did not otherwise lend themselves to conventional methods of quantification.
Editorial (2014)

More and more the effect of mineral additions on the properties of concrete are studied from a microstructural point of view. In the present issue of Advances in Cement Research, four of the six papers deal with the different aspects of the impact of the presence of several kinds of additions on the concrete performance.\n\nThe first four papers address the research from new perspectives and highlight the key aspects which influence the changes detected in the performance. This approach is much needed because it is necessary to pass from the empirical registering of the changes produced by the additions, to the ability to design the future concrete mixes from the identified key basic parameters and the proportions of mineral additions to the cement.\n\nOver the years, in several countries, the additions were considered as a waste material whose valorisation appears from an environmental point of view when added to the ordinary Portland cement. However, at present, their benefits appear mainly from the durability point of view and are increasingly recognised and appreciated. These benefits are particularly important with respect to retarding the chloride ingress into the concrete and, although the effect is not so beneficial in the case of carbonation, the possibility to lower the w/c ratio makes the additions a valuable raw material for extending the service life of reinforcements.\n\nFurthermore, confidence in their potential benefits is promoting the search for sources of subproducts of different industries that, with adequate treatment, could be compatible with the cement. Three of the papers of the present issue are related to these kinds of industrial subproducts (rice husk, paper sludge or gel waste–clay–limestone) and exploring their impact into the resistance to leaching through the pozzolanic activity they exhibit, or to the changes they introduce into the microstructure of the hydrated cement paste.
Comparison of prospective and retrospective motion correction in 3D‐encoded neuroanatomical MRI (2021)

Reductions in local Nyquist violations with PMC resulted in superior image quality compared to RMC. Increasing the motion correction frequency to within-ET reduced the motion artifacts in both RMC and PMC.
Study on Screw Vacuum Pumps with 1 and 2 Threads Rotors (2000)

A new vacuum screw pump available in oil free condition was developed. This pump is composed of two screw rotors and a housing to wrap them. The thread numbers of both rotors are 1 and 2 although the outside diameters are the same and the profiles of both rotors are conjugate to each other to make the completely closed tooth space among both rotors and the housing. Equations to calculate driving torque of both rotors and a theoretical delivery were derived. The vacuum pumps were experimentally made and the performance tests were carried out. When the 1-thread (male) rotor was rotated at 3600rpm, a vacuum below 2mmHg was obtained.
Fluorescence in situ hybridization on metaphase chromosomes with biotinylated probes. In situ hybridization, biotin labeling, cosmids, gene mapping, oncogene amplification. (1990)

In situ hybridization on metaphase chromosomes have been used to localize specific nucleic acid sequences. Initially, the nucleic acid probes were labeled isotopically. Over the past few years, non isotopic techniques have considerably progressed, and are being applied to a large spectrum of biological and clinical problems.
Synthesis of 4,5‐Diaryl‐1,2,3‐benzenetricarboxylates by Reaction of 4‐Hydroxycyclopent‐2‐en‐1‐one‐2‐carboxylates with Dimethyl Acetylenedicarboxylate. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Neural network methods for volumetric magnetic resonance imaging of the human brain (1996)

Brain magnetic resonance (MR) images contain massive information requiring lengthy and complex interpretation (as in the identification of significant portions of the image), quantitative evaluation (as in the determination of the size of certain significant regions), and sophisticated interpretation (as in determining any image portions which indicate signs of lesions or of disease). In this paper we first survey the clinical and research needs for brain imaging. We present the state-of-the-art in relevant image analysis techniques. We then discuss our recent work on the use of novel artificial neural networks which have a recurrent structure to extract precise morphometric information from MRI scans of the human brain. Finally, experimental data using our novel approach is presented and suggestions are made for future research.
Self-Assembly of Monodispersed, Chiral Nanoclusters of Cysteine on the Au(110)-(1 × 2) Surface (2003)

The self-assembly of monodispersed supramolecular nanoclusters was observed by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The clusters form from the naturally occurring amino acid cysteine by vapor deposition onto the Au(110)-(1 x 2) surface under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. Enantiomerically pure l- and d-cysteine yields clusters with mirror-image STM signatures. Racemic ld-cysteine segregates into homochiral clusters, evidencing specific intermolecular interactions during the self-assembly process.
Repository size for deep geological disposal of partitioning and transmutation high level waste (2007)

In order to reveal the impact of the partitioning and transmutation (PT) technology on the geological disposal, we investigated the production and disposal of the radioactive wastes from the PT facilities including the dry reprocessing for the spent fuel from accelerator-driven system. After classifying the PT wastes according to the heat generations, the emplacement configurations in the repository were assumed for each group based on the several disposal concepts proposed for the conventional glass waste form. Then, the sizes of the repositories represented by the vault length, emplacement area and excavation volume were estimated. The repository sizes were reduced by PT technology for all disposal concepts. (authors)
Manifold preserving edit propagation (2012)

We propose a novel edit propagation algorithm for interactive image and video manipulations. Our approach uses the locally linear embedding (LLE) to represent each pixel as a linear combination of its neighbors in a feature space. While previous methods require similar pixels to have similar results, we seek to maintain the manifold structure formed by all pixels in the feature space. Specifically, we require each pixel to be the same linear combination of its neighbors in the result. Compared with previous methods, our proposed algorithm is more robust to color blending in the input data. Furthermore, since every pixel is only related to a few nearest neighbors, our algorithm easily achieves good runtime efficiency. We demonstrate our manifold preserving edit propagation on various applications.
LEReC Machine Protection System (2017)

The LEReC Machine Protection System (MPS) is designed to alleviate the risk of possible damage to in-vacuum components of the accelerator from high power electron beam.