gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of intracellular innate immune amyloid beta (aβ) clearance (2021)

Abstract Background Innate immune Aβ clearance may be involved in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) etiology and treatment response following anti‐amyloid immunotherapy. Regulation of intracellular Aβ clearance is not measured in AD risk‐ or diagnostic assessments, and pathways and mechanisms are insufficiently mapped. We present assays for Aβ catalysis in myeloid cells (THP‐1 cells and human iPSC microglia). Method THP‐1 cells were differentiated toward macrophages, and treated with various inhibitors including IDE inhibitor (6bK, Tocris),BACE1 inhibitor (LY2886721, Tocris), Nep inhibitor (Phosphoramidon, Tocris), Bafilomycin A1(Sigma)(1h) and Rapamycin (Sigma) (18h) before adding 100 ng/ml Aβ40 (2h), followed by 4h chase. For AD patient derived microglia, reprogrammed iPSCs were differentiated through a myeloid progenitor stage. Mature microglia were characterized by qPCR, Immunofluorescence and phagocytosis assay. Two immunoassays were developed on the Simoa platform using proprietary sheep monoclonal antibodies (Pre Diagnostics, Norway). Both assays employ an Aβ c‐terminal antibody for capture (AB.4D7). Assay 20‐x employs a specific Aβ20’ cut point antibody (NH2‐20.2B8) and assay x‐40 a linear mid‐domain antibody (AB.2A9) binding full length Aβ as detector. Result 1) Innate immune cells (THP1, microglia) catabolize Aβ 1‐40 producing 20‐x fragments. 2) Inhibition of Nep and BACE1 reduces the production of 20‐x fragment of Aβ in THP1 cells. 3) Autophagy inhibitor BafA1 increases both 1‐40 and 20‐x fragments indicating the role of the endo‐lysosomal system in the degradation of full length and 20‐x Aβ. 4) Autophagy inducer, Rapamycin reduces both 1‐40 and 20‐x fragments indicating the role of mTOR mediated autophagy and the endo‐lysosomal system in the degradation of full length and 20‐x Aβ. Conclusion 1) We demonstrate a novel assay for Aβ degradation by Innate immune cells including THP‐1 and iPSC derived microglia. 2) Inhibition of Nep and BACE1 reduces 20‐x peptide generation indicating this as a potential marker for Aβ. 3) Modulation of autophagy affects 20‐x peptide generation indicating the potential of targeting endo‐lysosomal and autophagic pathway against AD.
Reducing peak to average power ratio (PAPR) of OFDM systems using complex BIFORE precoding transform (2021)

Abstract Due to its valuable features, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is utilized extensively with the modern communication systems. In despite, such employment is impacted with some drawbacks that has been received a great interest in the recent studies. One of the negative ramifications owing to the supersession of transmitted signal through inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) is the large values of peak to average power ratio (PAPR). Consequently, reducing PAPR has received a good effort in the current studies. Owing to an efficient data rate and low computational complexity further to reduce PAPR without distortion, precoding OFDM system is employed in the recent information transmission techniques. This paper proposed the complex BIFORE transform (CBT) as a precoding scheme for OFDM systems and compared with Walsh Hadamard transform (WHT). In the sequel, the CBT achieved more PAPR reduction than WHT when employing as a precoding transform with the OFDM systems because of reducing superposition of the transmitted signals. As clearly shown in the simulation results, the CBT can be considered as an efficient precoding transform with OFDM systems for reducing PAPR.
Tocilizumab in Hospitalized Patients with Severe Covid-19 Pneumonia (2021)

In this randomized trial involving hospitalized patients with severe Covid-19 pneumonia, the use of tocilizumab did not result in significantly better clinical status or lower mortality than placebo at 28 days. (Funded by F. Hoffmann-La Roche and the Department of Health and Human Services; COVACTA ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04320615.).
Polyphenols from Silybum marianum inhibit in vitro the oxidant response of equine neutrophils and myeloperoxidase activity (2016)

A recent study showed that silymarin, a standardized extract of S. marianum might be used in the prevention of equine laminitis. We investigated the effects of quercetin and some compounds found in silymarin (silybin, taxifolin and dehydrosilybin) on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and myeloperoxidase (MPO) release by stimulated equine neutrophils (PMNs) and on MPO activity. All compounds (tested between 100 nm and 100 μm) inhibited superoxide anion production by stimulated PMNs in a dose-dependent manner. Dehydrosilybin and quercetin inhibited superoxide production and MPO release from 10 μm. Classical MPO assay showed quercetin as the most potent inhibitor, followed by taxifolin, dehydrosilybin and silybin. SIEFED MPO assay highlighting the binding of tested compounds to MPO showed that only quercetin and taxifolin maintained an efficient inhibition above 90% at 10 μm. Altogether, our results showed a strong inhibition of PMN activation by planar compounds such as quercetin and dehydrosilybin and a strong inhibition of MPO activity by the smallest molecules, quercetin and taxifolin. In conclusion, the compounds from silymarin may be useful for modulating the oxidative response of PMNs, involved in the pathogenesis of laminitis, but further in vivo studies are needed.
P‐64: Modeling of a Color‐Separating Backlight with Internal Mirrors (2004)

Abstract Ray tracing models the behavior of a LCD color separating backlight to optimize its efficiency by establishing the optimum dimensions and position for a micro‐mirror array within the lightguide. It also includes a total internal reflection lightguide, arrays of three color LED light sources, cylindrical micro‐lenses and discrete color separating diffraction gratings.
Studies on the growth of Eikenella corrodens strain 23834 (1987)

The growth characteristics and nutritional requirements of Eikenella corrodens strain 23834 were studied. Generation times, growth rates, and cell yields were determined employing a basal medium supplemented with yeast extract (YE), vitamins, amino acids, phosphate, nitrogen, and sulfate. Incubation was in a variety of air, CO 2 , and N 2 atmospheres. Incubation statically in air or in 10% CO 2 + 90% air did not affect the growth rate, while Na 2 CO 3 , bubbling with various atmospheres, shaking, or anaerobic incubation all decreased the growth rate. Atmospheric CO 2 was found not to be a requirement for growth. The addition of 1‐2.5% YE decreased the generation time and increased the cell yield. The growth‐promoting factor(s) of YE was a low molecular weight, water‐soluble, dialyzable substance which is stable to and not extractable by chloroform‐methanol. Vitamins and amino acids singly or in combination were slightly growth‐promoting and purines, pyrimidines, and acetate had no effect on Eikenella growth. Increasing concentrations of phosphate inhibited growth, while nitrate but not sulfate proved essential for growth.
Application of fluorescent in situ hybridization with X and Y chromosome specific probes to buccal smear analysis (1996)

Conventional X- and Y-chromatin and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis based on X- and Y-chromosome specific probes were conducted from buccal smear, on 15 normal males, 15 normal females, and 9 cases suspected of sex chromosome anomalies. The proportion of X- and Y-chromatin in normal females and males was 12% +/- 3% and 51.5% +/- 4.9%, respectively, by the conventional X- and Y-chromatin procedure. The CEP-X/Y analysis by FISH for the same specimens provided a proportion of 98.8% +/- 0.7% cells with XX signals in the normal females and 99.8% +/- 0.4% cells with XY signals in the normal males. The FISH method was superior to the conventional procedure in nine cases suspected of sex chromosome anomalies, including one case of mosaicism. The results of CEP-X/Y will sometimes be false; it will not detect structural anomalies of sex chromosomes, and it is not intended to detect low level mosaicism. However, the test is useful for rapid screening of sex chromosome aneuploidy at a fraction of the cost for chromosome analysis. The FISH test is also appropriate to detect tissue specific sex chromosome mosaicism, especially if it is relatively high. This FISH test is best used as an adjunct to chromosome analysis whenever possible.
Chemometric Data Analysis Using Artificial Neural Networks (1993)

The on-line measurement of chemical composition under different operating conditions is an important problem in many industries. An approach based on hybrid signal preprocessing and artificial neural network paradigms for estimating composition from chemometric data has been developed. The performance of this methodology was tested with the use of near-infrared (NIR) and Raman spectra from both laboratory and industrial samples. The sensitivity-of-composition estimation as a function of spectral errors, spectral preprocessing, and choice of parameter vector was studied. The optimal architecture of multilayer neural networks and the guidelines for achieving them were also studied. The results of applications to FT-Raman data and NIR data demonstrate that this methodology is highly effective in establishing a generalized mapping between spectral information and sample composition, and that the parameters can be estimated with high accuracy.
Solubility of Zinc in Gallium Arsenide (1963)

The distribution of tracer zinc-65 between the vapor and solid GaAs was studied. For dilute concentrations [Zns] of zinc in the solid, the distribution coefficient K is a constant (Henry's law); at higher zinc concentrations, K falls off inversely with [Zns]. These observations can be interpreted simply in terms of an ionization equilibrium Zns → Zns−+e+. Based on this interpretation, the present measurements indicate an intrinsic carrier concentration ni of about 4×1018 cm−3 for GaAs at 1000°C. This value is roughly six times larger than ni estimated by extrapolation of Hall measurements; the latter, it is suggested, may reflect the presence of only the more mobile carriers. The solubility of zinc was also studied as the arsenic pressure in the system was changed from the dissociation pressure (estimated 10−3 atm) to one atmosphere. The zinc solubility was observed to increase three-to fourfold with the increase in arsenic pressure. This result is in semiquantitive agreement with calculations for the mass action equilibrium of simple stoichiometric defects in GaAs.
Two-Dimensional ARROWs (1995)

A new concept for antiresonant waveguiding in both cross sectional dimensions (2D-ARROW) is presented for the first time (ARROW = «antiresonant reflecting optical waveguide» [1]). Due to a specific surface profile (additional resonance cladding and etch grooves in the core layer) ARROW waveguiding is possible for the fundamental mode in both the vertical and horizontal direction, despite large core thicknesses of about 4-5 μm. These devices may offer very good coupling to single mode fibers and exhibit such a higher order mode suppression, that they can be considered quasi-monomode. Numerical simulations of two-dimensional ARROWs with a design based on the AlGaAs material system are presented
Signal colour-misperceptions from prescription lenses worn by train drivers (2021)

Red signals are used to signify danger in a wide range of situations, including driving trains and navigating the rail system. The consequences of misjudging signal colours can be fatal, and therefore red signals must be correctly identified as different from yellow/amber.&lt;br/&gt;On 21 April 2016, train 3MP5 derailed at Rawlinna, Western Australia. The train driver reported that the point enhancer signal seen through his tinted progressive-addition (multifocal) sunglasses appeared yellow. However, when the driver removed his sunglasses, he reported that the point indicator appeared red. Assessment indicated the possibility that the prescription sunglasses contributed to the derailment. Investigations are thus warranted to better understand the effects of prescription lenses and sunglass tints on the misperception of railway signals (red signals appearing yellow) over long distances.&lt;br/&gt;Field-based observations of a points enhancer signal close to Townsville were conducted with the assistance of Queensland Rail. The effects of spectacle blur lenses and selected tints on the perception of signal colour were assessed qualitatively at various distances and times of the day. Our findings demonstrated that different levels of defocus resulted in colour misperception both in the morning and afternoon for distances ranging between 400 and 900 meters, but tint colour did not have any effect. &lt;br/&gt;A pilot laboratory study was then conducted for a group of young participants to investigate the effects of a selected level of blur (+1.00D) and a grey tint in a controlled environment. The study confirmed the findings from the field observations, but also identified an interaction effect of the grey tint with blur which increased red signal colour misperception. Further studies should explore these effects in older participants whose age is are more representative of train drivers and also systematically investigate the interaction between tints and blur. These additional studies are necessary to inform the rail industry on what tints and blur levels are acceptable for prescription glasses worn by train drivers.&lt;br/&gt;
Emission spectrometry of solutions and powders with a high-frequency plasma source (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEmission spectrometry of solutions and powders with a high-frequency plasma sourceH. C. Hoare and R. A. MostynCite this: Anal. Chem. 1967, 39, 10, 1153–1155Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60254a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60254a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views114Altmetric-Citations75LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Optical contrast, topographic contrast and artifacts in illumination-mode scanning near-field optical microscopy (1999)

We use a two-dimensional exact numerical simulation and a three-dimensional perturbative analysis to study the coupling between dielectric contrast and topography in the images obtained by illumination-mode scanning near-field optical microscopy. We use a model for the emitting tip, which describes the polarization and confinement effects of a real tip. We analyze the image formation, especially the coupling between topographic and dielectric contrast. In the case of weakly scattering samples, we introduce rigorously the concepts of impulse response and equivalent surface profile. This tool may be useful to describe and understand quantitatively experimental images. Finally, we study the presence of artifacts in the images, due to the coupling between optical scattering and the z motion of the tip in constant-distance operating mode. We put forward the difficulty of predicting the relative weight of the artifact and the purely optical contributions.
Engineering of an E. coli outer membrane protein FhuA with increased channel diameter (2011)

In this study using a simple "semi rational" approach the FhuA Δ1-159 diameter was enlarged. By combining the actual results with the previous ones on the FhuA Δ1-159 lengthening a new set of synthetic nanochannels with desired lengths and diameters can be produced, broadening the FhuA Δ1-159 applications. As large scale protein production is possible our approach can give a contribution to nanochannel industrial applications.
Die internationale Zivilgesellschaft (2001)

Neben die inneren Herausforderungen nationalstaatlich organisierter Demokratie sind längst — mit vielfältigen, bislang ausgeblendeten Bezügen zur bisherigen Diskussion — tiefreichende Herausforderungen von außen getreten, die den juristisch definierten Zusammenhang einer sachlich nach innen und außen souveränen Staatsgewalt mit einem räumlich als Staatsgebiet eindeutig abgrenzbaren Territorium und einem sozial auf die Gesamtheit der Angehörigen bezogenen Staatsvolk (Habermas 1996a), den wir mit dem Begriff des Nationalstaats verbinden, in Frage stellen1. Im schillernden Begriff der Globalisierung (Beck 1997, Beck 1998a und Beck 1997b) tritt die nicht mehr zu übersehende Tatsache in Erscheinung, daß politische Territorialität wie wirtschaftliche und gesellschaftliche Entwicklungen zunehmend nicht mehr deckungsgleich sind: „Globalisation can thus be defined as the intensification of worldwide social relations which links distant localities in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away and vice versa“ (Giddens 1990: 64). In den viel zitierten Debatten über den „Standort“ scheint die Diskrepanz zwischen der Dynamik transnationaler Wirtschaftsund Finanzwelten und der Regression der Steuerungspotentiale nationalstaatlicher Politik auf (Habermas 1998: 805), die in neoliberaler Perspektive einen durchaus gewollten Effekt politischer Strategie darstellt (Beck 1997: 195ff.).
Analytical studies of modulation instability and nonlinear compression dynamics in optical fiber propagation (2011)

This paper summarizes analytic results describing the spectral broadening associated with fiber modulation instability as described by analytic breather solutions of the nonlinear Schrodinger equation. These solutions allow the prediction of spectral properties of both noise-driven and induced modulation instability processes. In the latter case, the ability to describe MI with an analytic formalism allows the design of optimized experiments to generate ultrashort pulse trains from weakly-modulated initial fields. These results are examples of only a very small number of analytic descriptions of optical field propagation in highly nonlinear fiber.
State-Of-Charge Determination for Lead-Acid Batteries in PV-Applications (2020)

Almost all stand-alone PV-systems require an energy storage unit to provide energy during cloudy days or at night. Lead acid batteries are generally used. To extend battery lifetime, the battery must be protected from deep discharge and overcharge. Advanced battery operation control is based on the battery state of charge (SOC) rather than on voltage measurements. Up to now the typical method to determine battery SOC is the ampere-hour balance. But, in PV-systems long time periods of low battery SOC make the necessary recalibrations for this method difficult. This paper presents three alternative methods for the determination of the SOC of lead acid batteries.
Efficient Approach to the Azaspirane Core of FR 901483 (2006)

[reaction: see text] An efficient approach to the azaspirane core of FR 901483 is described employing lithiated methoxyallene as a crucial C3 building block and a suitably protected enantiopure ketimine as the second component. The resulting dihydropyrrole derivative was smoothly converted into a spiro keto aldehyde which under acidic conditions provided a novel azanorbornane derivative 15. Under basic reaction conditions, the desired 5-azatricyclo[6.3.1.0(1,5)]dodecane skeleton 16 was generated. The ratio of diastereomers strongly depends on the reaction conditions employed with l-proline in DMSO providing the highest selectivity in favor of one azaspirane product.
Radiotheranostics Coupled between an At-211-Labeled RGD Peptide and the Corresponding Radioiodine-Labeled RGD Peptide (2019)

Alpha particle-emitting radionuclides have gained considerable attention for radionuclide therapy. Astatine-211 (211At) is a promising alpha particle-emitting radionuclide. 211At is a halogen that has similar chemical properties to iodine and exhibits a half-life of 7.2 h. However, direct labeling of proteins or peptides into the tyrosine residue with 211At was shown to be impractical. Herein, we demonstrate a novel 211At-labeling method using the RGD peptide as a model peptide. An 211At-labeled RGD peptide, [211At]c[RGDf(4-At)K], was prepared from a precursor with a tributylstannyl group on the phenylalanine residue in c(RGDfK) with a radiochemical yield of 63% and a radiochemical purity of >96%, and its potential for targeted radionuclide therapy was evaluated. Based on the results of biodistribution experiments, [125I]c[RGDf(4-I)K] and [211At]c[RGDf(4-At)K] showed high accumulation in the tumor and similar biodistribution. This study provides useful information for radiotheranostics between an 211At-labeled peptide and the corresponding radioiodine-labeled peptide.
Isolation of lignocellulose-decomposing actinomycetes and degradation of specifically 14C-labeled lignocelluloses by six selected Streptomyces strains (1979)

Forty-two actinomycete strains were isolated by enrichment techniques from soils and other lignocellulose-containing natural habitats. Isolates were screened for their lignocellulose-decomposing abilities using a substrate weight loss – 14 C-labeled lignocellulose degradation assay which determined the relative abilities of each isolate to attack lignin versus glucan components of lignocellulose. Six Streptomyces strains were selected for further study, based upon their abilities to decompose significantly both lignin and glucan components of lignocellulose. The selected strains were examined under defined cultural conditions for their abilities to decompose 14 C-labeled lignocelluloses prepared from Douglas fir. The 14 C-labeled lignocellulose substrates included specifically lignin-labeled or glucan-labeled lignocelluloses, and two [ 14 C]lignin lignocelluloses labeled specifically in only the lignin side chain or ring components. Results showed that the Streptomyces strains decomposed substantial amounts of both lignin and glucan components to 14 CO 2 , and 14 C-labeled water-soluble products. As compared with previously described lignocellulose-degrading streptomycetes, these strains were generally more efficient decomposers of the lignin component of lignocellulose, but were similar in their abilities to decompose the glucan component. Characterization of growth on specifically labeled lignins showed that aromatic ring structures within the lignin were cleaved and a substantial percentage of the ring carbons were released as CO 2 . In contrast, side-chain components were attacked to only a limited degree. These streptomycetes were similar to other recently characterized lignin-decomposing bacteria in their overall abilities to degrade lignin, but their specificity of attack on the structural components of lignin appears to be different.