gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ENDOSYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ANIMAL VIRUSES AND HOST CELLS (1964)

RE cultures infected with a fixed rabies virus were studied. The virus can propagate itself in these cells for an indefinite period of time without interfering with cell growth. The present study characterizes this truly endosymbiotic relationship. Virus-specific antigen was detected in the cytoplasm of each cell by fluorescein-labeled antirabies serum but only 4 to 5 per cent of the cells released infectious virus. All cells undergoing division showed viral antigen throughout the mitotic process. Also, the growth rate, plating efficiency, and morphological characteristics of both the infected and control cultures were identical. No difference was detected between the RE and the RE-CVS cell populations by RNA and DNA labeling experiments, using H(3)-thymidine, and H(3)-uridine. Although antirabies serum effectively inhibited the spread of extracellular virus, it did not interfere with cell-to-cell transmission of the virus during mitosis, in the course of 9 cell transfers during 53 days. RE-CVS cells, when exposed to fresh antirabies serum, lysed completely but inactivated serum had no lytic effect. The addition of fresh hamster complement to the inactivated serum restored its cytolytic properties. The serially passaged RE-CVS virus gradually became less virulent for mice and displayed a weak antigenicity in the mouse protection test. Another feature of the RE-CVS cell system is its resistance to infection with homologous and heterologous viruses despite the apparent absence of an interferon-like substance.
Aufbau der Werkstoffe (1993)

Alle Werkstoffe sind aus Atomen der verschiedenen Elemente zusammengesetzt. Diese sind kleine (Durchmesser in der Größenordnung 10−10m) und leichte (Größenordnung 10−27 bis 10−25 kg) Körper, welche ihrerseits aus elektrisch positiv geladenen Atomkernen bestehen, die von negativ geladenen Elektronen umgeben sind. In einem vereinfachten Modell kann man sich vorstellen, daß in einem Atom die Elektronen um die Atomkerne kreisen — wie die Erde um die Sonne oder der Mond um die Erde. Zutreffender ist allerdings die Vorstellung, daß die Elektronen in Form einer Elektronenwolke um die Atomkerne herum „verschmiert“ sind. Auf die Form dieser „Wolke“ werden wir in Zusammenhang mit der chemischen Bindung zu sprechen kommen.
Stereochemistry of iodine addition to acetylenes (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereochemistry of iodine addition to acetylenesRichard A. Hollins and Marcos Pery A. CamposCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1979, 44, 22, 3931–3934Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01336a035https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01336a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views408Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fully coupled modeling of long term cement well seal stability in the presence of CO2 (2011)

Evidence from experimental investigations, natural analogue studies and demonstration projects support the assertion that significant quantities of CO2 will not leak from a properly selected and managed CO2 storage complex. However, site operators must nevertheless justify the expectation of secure CO2 containment to regulators and other stakeholders. Secure containment will depend upon well seal stability inter alia. This paper presents fully-coupled geochemical models of well seal stability, focusing on cement degradation. The models have been developed with the ambition of reducing the simulated chemical system to the simplest possible configuration that is able to reproduce key features from experimental and field observations. Simplifying the models in this way makes them suitable for inclusion in larger scale system-level models of the storage system, where the use of highly-detailed chemical models can be impractical. Two sets of models were constructed in order to simulate: (1) a cement carbonation experiment (9 days in duration); and (2) field observations of cement degradation from the ‘SACROC’ site (30 years of reaction time). Although some model input parameters are uncertain, the experimental system was successfully simulated and the model was subsequently ‘up-scaled’ and applied to the SACROC core data. Over longer time-scales (102–103 years), the effects of parameter and thermodynamic data uncertainties on model output are more significant than at shorter time-scales. Although further work is required to bound the effects of these uncertainties, this paper illustrates the practicality of constructing simplified fully-coupled models to explore the significance of uncertainties by carrying out sensitivity calculations.
Potassium Channels, Memory T Cells, and Multiple Sclerosis (2005)

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of the central nervous system characterized by demyelination and axonal damage that result in disabling neurological deficits. Here the authors explain the rationale for the use of inhibitors of the Kv1.3 K+ channel in immune cells as a therapy for multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune disorders.
Automatic generation of behavioral models from switch-level descriptions (1989)

This paper discusses the automatic generation of high-level software models from switch-level circuit descriptions. The proposed algorithms operate directly on the hierarchical description, and incorporate information about the design such as the structure, regularity, functionality, and control signals in the generation process. New algorithms are proposed and have been implemented for combinational modules and bus structures. A significant speedup has been obtained for these modules of a commercially available chip.
Widespread and sustained target engagement in Huntington’s disease minipigs upon intrastriatal microRNA-based gene therapy (2021)

Huntingtin (HTT)-lowering therapies hold promise to slow down neurodegeneration in Huntington's disease (HD). Here, we assessed the translatability and long-term durability of recombinant adeno-associated viral vector serotype 5 expressing a microRNA targeting human <i>HTT</i> (rAAV5-miHTT) administered by magnetic resonance imaging-guided convention-enhanced delivery in transgenic HD minipigs. rAAV5-miHTT (1.2 × 10<sup>13</sup> vector genome (VG) copies per brain) was successfully administered into the striatum (bilaterally in caudate and putamen), using age-matched untreated animals as controls. Widespread brain biodistribution of vector DNA was observed, with the highest concentration in target (striatal) regions, thalamus, and cortical regions. Vector DNA presence and transgene expression were similar at 6 and 12 months after administration. Expression of miHTT strongly correlated with vector DNA, with a corresponding reduction of mutant HTT (mHTT) protein of more than 75% in injected areas, and 30 to 50% lowering in distal regions. Translational pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic measures in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were largely in line with the effects observed in the brain. CSF miHTT expression was detected up to 12 months, with CSF mHTT protein lowering of 25 to 30% at 6 and 12 months after dosing. This study demonstrates widespread biodistribution, strong and durable efficiency of rAAV5-miHTT in disease-relevant regions in a large brain, and the potential of using CSF analysis to determine vector expression and efficacy in the clinic.
Serendipitous discovery of a human phosphate binding apolipoprotein (2006)

LCM3B, CNRS-Universite Henri Poincare, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France. LCCP, IBS, Grenoble, France. IBMP,CNRS-Universite Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, France. Unite d’Enzymologie, Departement de Toxicologie, CRSSA,La Tronche, France. LBSA, Universite Henri Poincare, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France. LCM, IBS, Grenoble, France. LSMBO, ECPMUniversite louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, France. E-mail: eric.chabriere@lcm3b.uhp-nancy.fr
Self-mixing vibrometer with real-time digital signal elaboration (2012)

This work describes the development of an optical sensor for measurement of vibration without contact. The realized vibrometer is based on real-time digital elaboration of the signal obtained by a self-mixing interferometer, with an embedded autofocus system. Two different algorithms are implemented, for the continuous working on diffusive surfaces, with different levels of optical reflectivity. Thanks to the autofocus and the digital processing, the proposed sensor is easy to use and requires no assistance of a skilled operator.
A Review of the Recent Applications of Aluminum Nitride-Based Piezoelectric Devices (2023)

Piezoelectric materials have attracted considerable attention over the last two decades because many technologies utilize their core properties of piezoelectric materials. Previous applications consisted of bulk structures; however, a shift towards better performance and a more simplified and compatible fabrication method are required. Aluminum nitride (AlN) is a material that fits these criteria; it has a non-centrosymmetric crystal structure with a polarized c-axis and exhibits piezoelectric properties. Furthermore, it has an added benefit as the fabrication process of AIN is compatible with complementary metal–oxide semiconductor technology. This has led to a rapid increase in the adoption and interest in AlN-based devices. In this review, the crystal structure of AlN and its piezoelectric properties are compared with those of aluminum scandium nitride. Subsequently, functional devices such as consumer-based devices, telecommunication-based devices, industrial-related applications, and medical applications are presented. Finally, a summary and discussion of the future AlN research are presented.
Enhanced enzymatic conversion and glucose production via two-step enzymatic hydrolysis of corncob residue from xylo-oligosaccharides producer's waste (2009)

A study was conducted to investigate the hydrolysis of cellulose-enriched corncob residue, a cellulosic waste from the xylo-oligosaccharides industry, by two processes. The corncob residue was hydrolyzed by cellulases via direct hydrolysis and two-step hydrolysis. Cellulases were produced by Trichoderma reesei RutC-30 with kraft pulp as the substrate. When the cellulase dosage was above 8 FPU•g-1 of corncob residue and the corncob residue concentration was 3%, over 90% hydrolysis yield and 49.99% glucose yield were obtained at 48 h. To enhance the hydrolysis yield of corncob residue, a new process coupling enzymatic hydrolysis, separation, and acid treatment was investigated. The corncob residue was first hydrolyzed using cellulase for 24 h. Then the remaining solids of corncob residue was separated from the liquid containing soluble oligosaccharides, and allowed to subsequently hydrolyze, using the adsorbed enzyme for 24 h. Using this method, the total hydrolysis yield was up to 97.60%, which represents an increase by 7.5% in comparison to the direct 48 h enzymatic hydrolysis. When the hydrolysates of the two-step enzymatic process were subjected to the concentrated acid hydrolysis at 110 ºC for 2 h, the glucose yield could be increased from 43% to 90%.
The ethics of coexistence: Can I learn to stop worrying and love the logic bomb? (2014)

Computer security attacks are frequent fodder for ethical analyses, but the ethics of computer security defenses are not often examined. We address this by considering a topical problem in computer security. In an age of so-called “advanced persistent threats” that lurk undetected on computer systems for long periods of time, it is increasingly unrealistic to expect a computer system to be permanently free of malicious software. Recognizing this, we posit the idea of a “cosecure system” - a cosecure system, by design, would allow legitimate software and malicious software to coexist safely on the same machine. We take an unusual tack to software design and use ethical concerns to guide the design of a cosecure system, rather than building a cosecure system and then performing an ex post facto ethical analysis. The principal tenets of security that must be upheld are confidentiality, integrity, and availability, and any system purporting to be secure has an ethical duty to the system user to uphold these. This is the starting point for our design process, and we proceed to look at how a cosecure system may be implemented. What we arrive at by going through this ethics-based software design becomes a proof by contradiction: we are forced to conclude that it is not possible, in fact, for malicious and legitimate software to coexist; a cosecure system as we have described it cannot be built. This allows us to see traditional computer security defenses in a new light. If we cannot uphold key security properties in the best case, where a system is expressly designed to allow coexistence of malicious and legitimate software, what does that imply about the defenses of the actual computer systems we use? We propose that a community defense is an alternative that eludes previous ethical issues, as well as being defensible from an information ethics point of view.
Model-driven development of advanced user interfaces (2010)

The workshop on model-driven development of advanced user interfaces will be a forum of multi-disciplinary discussion on how to integrate model-driven development with the often more informal methodologies used in user-centered design. Starting point of the discussion will be the tools, models, methods and experiences of the workshop participants.
Liposomal and Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase Display Similar Bioenergetic Properties (1993)

Cytochrome c oxidase, the terminal electron acceptor of the respiratory chain of mitochondria, is an integral membrane protein. The bioenergetic properties of cytochrome oxidase can be studied only when the macromolecule is inserted in a phospholipid bilayer, either in situ or after reconstitution into liposomal membranes. Reintegration of purified cytochrome oxidase in liposomes allows quantitative tests of mechanistic hypothesis concerning the functional properties of the enzyme. Small unilamellar vesicles are prepared by sonication of purified soybean asolectin, and reconstitution of cytochrome oxidase in the bilayer is carried out according to the cholate/dialysis procedure. The proteoliposomes are shown to mimick the mitochondrial state of the enzyme in so far as liposomal cytochrome oxidase : a) displays the same vectorial orientation, the cytochrome c binding site being externally exposed, b) pumps protons in the physiological inside/outside direction, and c) is functionally controlled by the transmembrane electrochemical gradient, i.e. displays respiratory control.
A Topographical Atlas of the Spinal Cord. (1902)

We are indebted to Dr. Bruce of Edinburgh for providing us with another excellent book on the nervous system. It will be remembered that a few years ago this investigator gave us, in his "Illustrations of the Mid- and Hind-Brain," a series of drawings of Weigert's preparations of exquisite beauty and unusual accuracy. For these, many students of neurology, including the most advanced specialists in the subject, have been exceedingly grateful. This time he has given us an atlas of the human spinal cord. In the volume before us every segment of a human spinal cord is illustrated by the best methods of photographic reproduction. In addition to the views of the transverse sections through the whole cord, the mode of grouping of the various nerve cells at each level in the gray matter is shown by means of a special accessory drawing. The plates are accompanied by a short
Increased expression of costimulatory molecules CD86 and sCTLA-4 in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (2013)

We herein evaluate the role of the B7-family molecule CD86 and the Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) as a possible immunopathogenic factors in patients with ALL. The results of 60 patients with de novo ALL were compared to 40 controls. A significant statistical difference between CD86 expression and sCTLA-4 levels in patients versus their controls has been detected. During follow up period of 28 months, patients suffered from relapse (16 patients) had significantly higher CD86 expression and sCTL-4 levels compared to those remained in complete remission (44 patients) (p = 0.005 and 0.03 respectively). Patients who died from the disease (9 patients) showed significantly higher CD 86 expression and sCTLA-4 levels than surviving patients (51 patients) (p = 0.004 and 0.01 respectively). In conclusion, the higher levels of sCTLA-4 and CD86 in B-ALL patients might be candidate parameters for poor prognosis and may serve to refine treatment stratification with intensification of therapy in those patients prone to relapse.
Enhancement of graft survival and sensorimotor behavioral recovery in rats undergoing transplantation with dopaminergic cells exposed to glial cell line—derived neurotrophic factor (1998)

As neural grafting procedures in the nervous system evolve and genetically engineered cells or stem cells replace fetal tissue, crucial questions about cell number and trophic regulation will need to be addressed. This study demonstrates that grafting of 400,000 cells exposed to GDNF before transplantation has a beneficial effect in the restoration of complex sensorimotor behavior.
Behandlung von Lebermetastasen bei kolorektalem Karzinom mit Kombinationstherapien aus interstitieller Brachytherapie und intraarterieller Chemotherapie: Eine Machbarkeitsstudie (2007)

Ziele: Ziel war die Evaluierung von Durchführbarkeit, Sicherheit und Effektivität verschiedener Kombinationstherapien von interstitieller Hochdodsis(HDR)- Brachytherapie und intraarterieller Chemotherapie der Leber bei Colon-CA-Metastasen Methode: In diese Studie wurden 33 Patienten (Alter: 28–77 Jahre) mit Lebermetastasen bei kolorektalem Karzinom eingeschlossen. Die Patienten wurden mit drei unterschiedlichen Kombinationen aus intraartieller Chemotherapie (HAI) über ein intraarterielles Portsystem in der A. hepatica und HDR-Brachytherapie behandelt. Die Subgruppe A (n=15) wurde zuerst mit HAI behandelt und nach partieller Remission zusätzlich eine HDR-Brachytherapie der verbliebenen Tumoranteile durchgeführt. Die Patienten in der Subgruppe B (n=9) erhielten zuerst eine interstitielle Brachytherapie und direkt im Anschluss zusätzlich eine HAI. In der Subgruppe C (n=9) wurden initial mit HDR-Brachytherapie behandelt und erst bei erneutem Tumorwachstum, das für lokal ablative Maßnahmen nciht sinnvoll erschien, wurde eine HAI angeschlossen. Ergebnis: Der mittlere Tumordurchmesser der mit Brachytherapie behandelten Metastasen lag bei 4,6cm (1–12cm). Die mittlere tumorumschleißende Dosis betrug 18Gy (15–25Gy). Frühe minor Komplikationen waren Schmerz (n=2) und Fieber (n=2). Major Komplikationen umfassten Pneumothorax (n=1), p.i. Blutung (n=1) und einen biliären Abszess. Die durchschnittliche Anzahl behandelter Tumoren pro Intervention lag bei 2,3 (1–7)
The Structure and Host Entry of an Invertebrate Parvovirus (2013)

The 3.5-Å resolution X-ray crystal structure of mature cricket parvovirus (Acheta domesticus densovirus [AdDNV]) has been determined. Structural comparisons show that vertebrate and invertebrate parvoviruses have evolved independently, although there are common structural features among all parvovirus capsid proteins. It was shown that raising the temperature of the AdDNV particles caused a loss of their genomes. The structure of these emptied particles was determined by cryo-electron microscopy to 5.5-Å resolution, and the capsid structure was found to be the same as that for the full, mature virus except for the absence of the three ordered nucleotides observed in the crystal structure. The viral protein 1 (VP1) amino termini could be externalized without significant damage to the capsid. In vitro, this externalization of the VP1 amino termini is accompanied by the release of the viral genome.
Discrete Traits (2018)

Discrete traits on the skeleton and dentition are variations and abnormalities of the morphology of typical skeletal biology, such as additional cusps on dentition or additional foramina in the cranium. These traits are measured on an ordinal or categorical scale, as opposed to metrically. As heritable traits, they can provide information on relationships, such as ancestry, kinship, or biological distance, making them useful to the bioarchaeologist or forensic anthropologist. Standardization in recording these traits is aided by resources such as the Arizona State University Dental Anthropology System and Standards for Data Collection from Human Skeletal Remains . Using these resources and testing inter‐ and intra‐observer error ensure repeatability and comparability.
Ionic liquids based on imidazolium tetrafluoroborate for the removal of aromatic sulfur-containing compounds from hydrocarbon mixtures (2010)

Two ionic liquids 1-methyl-3-butylimidazolium (BMImBF4) tetrafluoroborate and 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium (OMImBF4) tetrafluoroborate were studied from the viewpoint of removing aromatic sulfur-containing compounds from hydrocarbon mixtures using transition metal ions as complexing centers. The values of distribution coefficients (D) indicate that OMImBF4 absorbs benzothiophene (BT) and dibenzothiophene (DBT) better than BMImBF4, which corresponds to the increasing absorption ability of the IL due to the presence of a longer hydrocarbon (octyl) chain in the third position of the imidazolium ring. The influence of additives of various complexes of cobalt(II) on the extraction of BT and DBT was studied in the system OMImBF4–heptane. The planar complex of the Na-salt of 4,5-dicarboxyphthalocyanine of cobalt was found to be the most efficient for the extraction of both substances. The electrochemical approach enables one to purify the IL from BT and DBT by electrochemical oxidation or reduction. This result can be used for searching ways to increase the degree of extraction of BT and DBT in hydrocarbon–IL systems.
Surgical treatment of arch-type dissecting aortic aneurysms. (1990)

We have proposed calling dissecting aortic aneurysm with entry of the dissection in the aortic arch "arch-type". We described the procedures and results of surgery for 12 cases of this disorder. The dissection was localized (type a) in six cases, and extended (type b) in the other six. Seven cases were treated by patch or direct closure of the entry, with one operative death and two later deaths. Five cases were treated by reconstruction of the ascending aorta and the aortic arch with a prosthetic graft, with two operative deaths and one later death. Efforts must be directed towards improving the outcome of the latter operation.