gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Networks for homes (1999)

Networking technologies are starting to invade the ordinary home-to carry, for example, telephone conversations, television, compact disk, digital versatile disk and MP3 music programs, signals from surveillance cameras, commands for controlling appliances and multimedia news from the Internet. To succeed, home networks will have to be based on standard products operable with any of the media just mentioned. These products include transceivers, network interface cards, gateways, small servers, sensors and controllers, plus a widely accepted operating system. For mass market appeal, the networks will have to be inexpensive, easy to install and the software easy to configure and operate. Home owners, after all, cannot afford to hire information technology managers.
Vector quantization for license-plate location and image coding (2000)

License-plate location in sensor images plays an important role in vehicle identification for automated transport systems (ATS). This paper presents a novel method based on vector quantization (VQ) to process vehicle images. The proposed method makes it possible to perform superior picture compression for archival purposes and to support effective location at the same time. As compared with classical approaches, VQ encoding can give some hints about the contents of image regions; such additional information can be exploited to boost location performance. The VQ system can be trained by way of examples; this gives the advantages of adaptiveness and on-field tuning. The approach has been tested in a real industrial application and included satisfactorily in a complete ATS for vehicle identification.
Hierarchical porous carbon microtubes derived from willow catkins for supercapacitor applications (2015)

Hierarchical porous carbon microtubes derived from willow catkins exhibited excellent electrochemical performances in both aqueous and organic electrolytes.
Glucose‐Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide Modulates Adipocyte Lipolysis and Reesterification (2006)

These studies provide further evidence for an important physiological role for GIP in lipid homeostasis and possibly in the pathogenesis of obesity. They also suggest that the GIP receptor may represent an excellent target for the prevention and treatment of obesity and obesity-related type 2 diabetes.
Quantifying the predictability of diaphragm motion during respiration with a noninvasive external marker (2003)

The aim of this work was to quantify the ability to predict intrafraction diaphragm motion from an external respiration signal during a course of radiotherapy. The data obtained included diaphragm motion traces from 63 fluoroscopic lung procedures for 5 patients, acquired simultaneously with respiratory motion signals (an infrared camera-based system was used to track abdominal wall motion). During these sessions, the patients were asked to breathe either (i) without instruction, (ii) with audio prompting, or (iii) using visual feedback. A statistical general linear model was formulated to describe the relationship between the respiration signal and diaphragm motion over all sessions and for all breathing training types. The model parameters derived from the first session for each patient were then used to predict the diaphragm motion for subsequent sessions based on the respiration signal. Quantification of the difference between the predicted and actual motion during each session determined our ability to predict diaphragm motion during a course of radiotherapy. This measure of diaphragm motion was also used to estimate clinical target volume (CTV) to planning target volume (PTV) margins for conventional, gated, and proposed four-dimensional (4D) radiotherapy. Results from statistical analysis indicated a strong linear relationship between the respiration signal and diaphragm motion (p<0.001) over all sessions, irrespective of session number (p=0.98) and breathing training type (p=0.19). Using model parameters obtained from the first session, diaphragm motion was predicted in subsequent sessions to within 0.1 cm (1 sigma) for gated and 4D radiotherapy. Assuming a 0.4 cm setup error, superior-inferior CTV-PTV margins of 1.1 cm for conventional radiotherapy could be reduced to 0.8 cm for gated and 4D radiotherapy. The diaphragm motion is strongly correlated with the respiration signal obtained from the abdominal wall. This correlation can be used to predict diaphragm motion, based on the respiration signal, to within 0.1 cm (1 sigma) over a course of radiotherapy.
A New Adaptive Image Denoising Method Combining the Nonsubsampled Contourlet Transform and Total Variation (2009)

This paper presents a new adaptive image denoising scheme by combining the nonsubsampled Contourlet transform (NSCT) and total variation model. The original image is first decomposed using NSCT .Then the mean squared error (MSE) is estimated based on Steinpsilas unbiased risk estimation(SURE). The noise of each decomposed subband is reduced using the linear adaptive threshold function, which can be constructed based on the MSE, producing the preliminary primary denoised image after reconstruction. Then the preliminary primary denoised image is further filtered using the total variation model, producing the final denoised image. Experiments show that the proposed scheme can remove the pseudo-Gibbs artifacts and image noise effectively. Besides, it outperforms the existing schemes in regard of both the peak-signal-to-noise-ratio (PSNR) and the edge preservation ability.
Liquid phase epitaxial growth of CdTe/Hg1−xCdxTe multilayers (0.3&lt;x&lt;0.5) (1980)

CdTe/Hg1−xCdxTe multilayers (0.3&amp;lt;x&amp;lt;0.5) were obtained for the first time by a liquid phase epitaixal (LPE) technique. The layers were grown on (111)A oriented CdTe substrates. The surface morphology of these multilayers is similar to those of HgCdTe single layers reported before. The cross diffusion at the CdTe/Hg1−xCdxTe interface has been as small as 0.3 μm for the thin CdTe epilayer. The first CdTe/HgCdTe heterojunction sensitive to ∼2.8 μm at 77 K has been demonstrated.
Synthesis of multivalent silica nanoparticles combining both enthalpic and entropic patchiness (2015)

Silica particles with a controlled number of entropic patches, i.e. dimples, are synthesized through the growth of the silica core of binary multipods that have been produced by a seeded-growth emulsion polymerization reaction. Transmission electron microscopy studies indicate that the silica surface conforms to the shape of the polystyrene (PS) nodules of the multipods while growing, allowing good control of the final shape of the dimpled silica particles. The PS nodules are also used as protecting masks to regioselectively graft amino groups, as revealed by the adsorption of gold markers. After dissolution of the PS nodules, some polymer chains remain grafted onto the silica surface, forming organic bumps. These residues are also selectively functionalized, leading to silica particles with both entropic and enthalpic patches.
Artificial eyespots on cattle reduce predation by large carnivores (2020)

Eyespots evolved independently in many taxa as anti-predator signals. There remains debate regarding whether eyespots function as diversion targets, predator mimics, conspicuous startling signals, deceptive detection, or a combination. Although eye patterns and gaze modify human behaviour, anti-predator eyespots do not occur naturally in contemporary mammals. Here we show that eyespots painted on cattle rumps were associated with reduced attacks by ambush carnivores (lions and leopards). Cattle painted with eyespots were significantly more likely to survive than were cross-marked and unmarked cattle, despite all treatment groups being similarly exposed to predation risk. While higher survival of eyespot-painted cattle supports the detection hypothesis, increased survival of cross-marked cattle suggests an effect of novel and conspicuous marks more generally. To our knowledge, this is the first time eyespots have been shown to deter large mammalian predators. Applying artificial marks to high-value livestock may therefore represent a cost-effective tool to reduce livestock predation.
Paradoxical Effect of TNFα on Mitochondrial Function and Metabolic Activity in the Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE) (2020)

The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) acts as a metabolic gatekeeper between photoreceptors and the choroidal vasculature to maintain healthy retinal function. RPE dysfunction is a key feature of age‐related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of blindness in developed countries. Tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNFα), a potent pro‐inflammatory cytokine, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of AMD. Growing evidence supports metabolic dysfunction as another key mechanism driving AMD. To date, there is no literature on the metabolic effects of TNFα on RPE and thus, this study sheds light on the impact of TNFα on mitochondrial morphology and metabolic function in RPE. Matured ARPE‐19 (human RPE cell line) were treated with TNFα (10 ng/ml) for up to 72h. TNFα induced ARPE‐19 to elongate into spindle‐shaped cells, reminiscent of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, qPCR showed that TNFα reduced the expression of EMT genes (α‐SMA, Col1A1, fibronectin, MMP2, CTGF) indicating that the elongated cells were not mesenchymal in nature. To explore the effects of TNFα on metabolism, two major energy‐generating pathways, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and glycolysis were assessed by Seahorse high‐resolution respirometry and qPCR. The Seahorse Mito Stress Test revealed an increase in basal respiration but reduced spare respiratory capacity following TNFα treatment. TNFα increased glycolytic reserve and capacity. Despite the increased OXPHOS and glycolysis, qPCR showed a significant reduction in expression of OXPHOS (ATP5O, COX4I1, COX5B, NDUFB5) and glycolysis (G6P, PFKL, PFKFB3, PGK1, LDHA) genes with TNFα treatment. ARPE‐19 were transfected with mitochondria‐tagged GFP and imaged using confocal microscopy. Parameters on mitochondrial morphology were extracted from the confocal images using automated image segmentation and revealed that TNFα disrupted mitochondrial network integrity. This was supported by qPCR data showing significantly reduced expression of genes regulating mitochondrial function (PGC‐1α, TFAM, POLG, MFN1, MFN2, FIS1, OPA1). TNFα significantly elevated SOD2, a mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme, but not SOD1. Taken together, we find that TNFα robustly disrupts mitochondrial function and morphology in RPE, although shifting the bioenergetic profile in a paradoxical manner, i.e. TNFα raised the levels of basal respiration and glycolysis despite the suppression of genes regulating OXPHOS and glycolysis. These findings highlight the potential of targeting metabolic pathways in RPE as a promising therapeutic avenue for AMD. Further research is required to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these intriguing TNFα‐driven metabolic changes. Support or Funding Information Grimshaw‐Gudewicz Charitable Foundation; National Council of Scientific and Technological Development—Brazil (PDE 210474/2014‐9); The Iraty Award; NEI Core Grant P30EYE003790; Department of Defense, Spinal Vision Research Program under Award no. VR180132
Detecting Masked Faces in the Wild with LLE-CNNs (2017)

Detecting faces with occlusions is a challenging task due to two main reasons: 1) the absence of large datasets of masked faces, and 2) the absence of facial cues from the masked regions. To address these two issues, this paper first introduces a dataset, denoted as MAFA, with 30, 811 Internet images and 35, 806 masked faces. Faces in the dataset have various orientations and occlusion degrees, while at least one part of each face is occluded by mask. Based on this dataset, we further propose LLE-CNNs for masked face detection, which consist of three major modules. The Proposal module first combines two pre-trained CNNs to extract candidate facial regions from the input image and represent them with high dimensional descriptors. After that, the Embedding module is incorporated to turn such descriptors into a similarity-based descriptor by using locally linear embedding (LLE) algorithm and the dictionaries trained on a large pool of synthesized normal faces, masked faces and non-faces. In this manner, many missing facial cues can be largely recovered and the influences of noisy cues introduced by diversified masks can be greatly alleviated. Finally, the Verification module is incorporated to identify candidate facial regions and refine their positions by jointly performing the classification and regression tasks within a unified CNN. Experimental results on the MAFA dataset show that the proposed approach remarkably outperforms 6 state-of-the-arts by at least 15.6%.
Deep-Manager: a versatile tool for optimal feature selection in live-cell imaging analysis (2023)

One of the major problems in bioimaging, often highly underestimated, is whether features extracted for a discrimination or regression task will remain valid for a broader set of similar experiments or in the presence of unpredictable perturbations during the image acquisition process. Such an issue is even more important when it is addressed in the context of deep learning features due to the lack of a priori known relationship between the black-box descriptors (deep features) and the phenotypic properties of the biological entities under study. In this regard, the widespread use of descriptors, such as those coming from pre-trained Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), is hindered by the fact that they are devoid of apparent physical meaning and strongly subjected to unspecific biases, i.e., features that do not depend on the cell phenotypes, but rather on acquisition artifacts, such as brightness or texture changes, focus shifts, autofluorescence or photobleaching. The proposed Deep-Manager software platform offers the possibility to efficiently select those features having lower sensitivity to unspecific disturbances and, at the same time, a high discriminating power. Deep-Manager can be used in the context of both handcrafted and deep features. The unprecedented performances of the method are proven using five different case studies, ranging from selecting handcrafted green fluorescence protein intensity features in chemotherapy-related breast cancer cell death investigation to addressing problems related to the context of Deep Transfer Learning. Deep-Manager, freely available at https://github.com/BEEuniroma2/Deep-Manager , is suitable for use in many fields of bioimaging and is conceived to be constantly upgraded with novel image acquisition perturbations and modalities.
Genetic Variations in Telomere Maintenance, with Implications on Tissue Renewal Capacity and Chronic Disease Pathologies (2010)

Premature loss of telomere repeats underlies the pathologies of inherited bone marrow failure syndromes. Over the past decade, researchers have mapped genetic lesions responsible for the accelerated loss of telomere repeats. Haploinsufficiencies in the catalytic core components of the telomere maintenance enzyme telomerase, as well as genetic defects in telomerase holoenzyme components responsible for enzyme stability, have been linked to hematopoietic failure pathologies. Frequencies of these disease-associated alleles in human populations are low. Accordingly, the diseases themselves are rare. On the other hand, single nucleotide polymorphisms of telomerase enzyme components are found with much higher frequencies, with several non-synonymous SNP alleles observed in 2-4% of the general population. Importantly, recent advents of molecular diagnostic techniques have uncovered links between telomere length maintenance deficiencies and an increasing number of pathologies unrelated to the hematopoietic system. In these cases, short telomere length correlates to tissue renewal capacities and predicts clinical progression and disease severity. To the authors of this review, these new discoveries imply that even minor genetic defects in telomere maintenance can culminate in the premature failure of tissue compartments with high renewal rates. In this review, we discuss the biology and molecules of telomere maintenance, and the pathologies associated with an accelerated loss of telomeres, along with their etiologies. We also discuss single nucleotide polymorphisms of key telomerase components and their association with tissue renewal deficiency syndromes and other pathologies. We suggest that inter-individual variability in telomere maintenance capacity could play a significant role in chronic inflammatory diseases, and that this is not yet fully appreciated in the translational research of pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine.
Degradation of glyphosate by Pseudomonas sp. PG2982 via a sarcosine intermediate. (1987)

The bacterium Pseudomonas PG2982 metabolizes glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine) by converting it to glycine, a one-carbon unit, and phosphate. Here we show that this conversion involves the intermediate formation of sarcosine. When cells are incubated with [14C]glyphosate, the 14C can be entrapped in glycine or sarcosine. With added sarcosine, 14C from all three carbons of glyphosate is recovered solely in sarcosine. In experiments with glycine, radioactivity from the carboxymethyl moiety of glyphosate is trapped in glycine as well as serine, whereas radioactivity from the phosphonomethyl carbon is only incorporated into serine. These results are consistent with a pathway involving the conversion of glyphosate to sarcosine by cleavage of its carbon-phosphorus (C-P) bond, followed by the oxidation of sarcosine to glycine and formaldehyde.
Air-Stable Porous Fe2N Encapsulated in Carbon Microboxes with High Volumetric Lithium Storage Capacity and a Long Cycle Life (2017)

The development of inexpensive electrode materials with a high volumetric capacity and long cycle-life is a central issue for large-scale lithium-ion batteries. Here, we report a nanostructured porous Fe<sub>2</sub>N anode fully encapsulated in carbon microboxes (Fe<sub>2</sub>N@C) prepared through a facile confined anion conversion from polymer coated Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> microcubes. The resulting carbon microboxes could not only protect the air-sensitive Fe<sub>2</sub>N from oxidation but also retain thin and stable SEI layer. The appropriate internal voids in the Fe<sub>2</sub>N cubes help to release the volume expansion during lithiation/delithiation processes, and Fe<sub>2</sub>N is kept inside the carbon microboxes without breaking the shell, resulting in a very low electrode volume expansion (the electrode thickness variation upon lithiation is ∼9%). Therefore, the Fe<sub>2</sub>N@C electrodes maintain high volumetric capacity (1030 mA h cm<sup>-3</sup> based on the lithiation-state electrode volume) comparable to silicon anodes, stable cycling performance (a capacity retention of over 91% for 2500 cycles), and excellent rate performance. Kinetic analysis reveals that the Fe<sub>2</sub>N@C shows an enhanced contribution of capacitive charge mechanism and displays typical pseudocapacitive behavior. This work provides a new direction on designing and constructing nanostructured electrodes and protective layer for air unstable conversion materials for potential applications as a lithium-ion battery/capacitor electrode.
Robust Wide Visible-Light-Responsive Photoactivity for H2 Production over a Polymer/Polymer Heterojunction Photocatalyst: The Significance of Sacrificial Reagent (2015)

A robust polymer/polymer surface heterojunction (SHJ) catalyst for wide visible-light-driven H2 production is fabricated by a facile rotary evaporation of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) solution containing graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4). The photocatalytic H2 production activity of the obtained SHJ catalyst (P3HT/g-C3N4) is significantly affected by the types of sacrificial reagents, and ascorbic acid (AA) shows the best photoactivity among the commonly used sacrificial reagents. The SHJ catalyst containing 3 wt % P3HT gives a H2 evolution activity up to 3045 μmol/h in a saturated AA solution, which is ∼491 times higher than that (6.2 μmol/h) of P3HT/g-C3N4 without AA solution under λ ≥ 500 nm light irradiation. Especially, the SHJ catalyst containing 3 wt % P3HT shows a record apparent quantum yield (AQY) of 77.4% at 420 nm light irradiation in the field of g-C3N4-based catalyst, and wide visible/NIR-light-responsive ability with AQY of 59.4%, 20.2%, 3.2% and 0.68% at 500, 600, 700 and 800 nm monochromatic light irradiation, respectively. The extremely high photoactivity is caused by the wide visible-light absorption, efficient charge transfer at the interface of P3HT/g-C3N4 and suitable oxidation half-reaction caused by the added AA as a sacrificial reagent. This study not only demonstrates a new direction for the solar fuel conversion over the large family of polymer-based semiconductors but also emphasizes the importance of oxidation half-reaction caused by the sacrificial reagent, which can significantly affect the photoactivity for H2 production.
The prognostic role of intragenic copy number breakpoints and identification of novel fusion genes in paediatric high grade glioma (2014)

These data expand upon our understanding of the genomic events driving these tumours and represent novel targets for therapeutic intervention in these poor prognosis cancers of childhood.
Broadband CARS microscopy in the entire fingerprint region for biological applications (Conference Presentation) (2023)

We present a novel broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (B-CARS) approach, employing a femtosecond fiber laser at 1035 nm and 2 MHz repetition rate. These characteristics of the driving laser enable to generate broadband Stokes pulses through white-light supercontinuum in bulk media and to use higher pulse energy to shine the sample, thus producing stronger signals. In this way, we demonstrate state-of-the-art acquisition speed (<1 ms/pixel) with unprecedented sensitivity (≈14.1 mmol/L), covering the whole fingerprint vibrational region. The B-CARS microscope, coupled with a deep learning-based post-processing pipeline, delivers high-quality hyperspectral images identifying the main Raman features of heterogeneous biological tissues.
Nivolumab in renal cell carcinoma: latest evidence and clinical potential (2016)

Similar to melanoma, renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has been historically considered as an immunogenic tumor, with interleukin 2 (IL-2) and interferon alpha (IFN-α) being the first approved treatments in the 1990s. However, these therapies were effective in only 10-20% of cases and were not well tolerated. Recently, new insights on the interaction between the immune system and tumor have identified the programmed death-1/programmed death-ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1) pathway to be a key player in evading host immune responses. The strategy of immune checkpoint blockade is to reduce inhibitory signaling and restore the patient's natural tumor-specific T-cell-mediated immune responses. Nivolumab is the first PD-1 inhibitor to have gained approval for the treatment of patients with metastatic melanoma, squamous and nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), Hodgkin disease and recently RCC. In this review, we discuss results from studies of nivolumab in RCC, clinical experience with this agent, and its future development.