gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Histone H2AX Phosphorylation: A Marker for DNA Damage (2012)

The DNA damage response can be initiated in response to a variety of stress signals that are encountered during physiological processes or in response to exogenous cues, such as ionizing radiation or DNA-damaging therapeutic agents. A number of methods have been developed to examine the morphological, biochemical, and molecular changes that take place during the DNA damage response. When cells are exposed to ionizing radiation or DNA-damaging chemotherapeutic agents, double-stranded breaks (DSBs) are generated that rapidly result in the phosphorylation of histone H2A variant H2AX. Because phosphorylation of H2AX at Ser 139 (γ-H2AX) is abundant, fast, and correlates well with each DSB, it is the most sensitive marker that can be used to examine the DNA damage produced and the subsequent repair of the DNA lesion. γ-H2AX can be detected by immunoblotting and immunostaining using microscopic or flow cytometric detection. Since γ-H2AX can be also generated during DNA replication, as a consequence of apoptosis, or as it is found associated with residual DNA damage, it is important to determine the kinetics, number, size, and morphology of γ-H2AX-associated foci. This chapter describes a few standard protocols that we have successfully used in our laboratory for a number of experimental systems, primarily hematologic and epithelial cells grown in culture.
Effect of gastric acid-suppressive therapy and biological variation of serum gastrin concentrations in dogs with chronic enteropathies (2017)

Antisecretory (particularly PPI) treatment leads to hypergastrinemia in CE dogs, but the concentrations seen in this study are unlikely to compromise a diagnosis of gastrinoma. Use of a population-based URL for canine serum gastrin and a URL of ≤27.8 ng/L are appropriate.
Towards online maximum-likelihood-based speech clustering and separation (2013)

This paper introduces an approach for online speech source clustering and separation, which is based on the utilization of the multichannel location information in a recursive expectation maximization (EM) algorithm. Specifically, the normalized multichannel speech-recording vector is employed as a feature vector and is modeled using Watson mixture model. The model parameters are determined by maximizing the data likelihood at every time-frequency slot in an online processing manner. Consequently, the proposed approach can continuously adjust the speech clusters. Promising results showing the advantage of the proposed approach over the batch EM algorithm in the case of two speakers with speaker movement are obtained.
Autoinducer 2 Affects Biofilm Formation byBacillus cereus (2006)

Cell-free supernatants from growing Bacillus cereus strain ATCC 10987 induced luminescence in a Photorhabdus luminescens DeltaluxS mutant, indicating the production of functional autoinducer 2 (AI-2). The exogenous addition of in vitro synthesized AI-2 had an inhibitory effect on biofilm formation by B. cereus and promoted release of the cells from a preformed biofilm.
2π Low Drift Phase Detector for High-Precision Measurements (2015)

In modern particle accelerators, radio frequency (RF) phase detectors have to fulfill high demands on stability and accuracy to meet the goals of state-of-the-art synchronization systems. Especially challenging are those cases where the RF signal phase shift accuracy must be measured with fs accuracy for several hours over the full 2 π phase detection range. In these cases special measures on the component's nonlinearities and RF channel isolation have to be taken. The long-term stability of the phase detector is mostly affected by temperature and humidity variations. To meet the synchronization goals, we have built a phase detector that incorporates a high-speed dual analog-to-digital converter (ADC) with a special circuit for continuous phase drift calibration. In the calibration circuit we successfully combined the RF signal with an RF calibration signal (second tone) to compensate common phase drift that occurs in the microstrip lines, the RF transformers, and the ADC. The second-tone RF signals are directly converted to the digital domain by the fast ADC and, based on signal processing in the field-programmable gate array, are used to calculate the RF signal phase shift correction caused by detector drifts. In this paper, potential error sources of the analog and the digital part of the so-called two-tone calibration technique that limit the phase detector precision are discussed. Finally, the experimental results are presented showing a long-term phase measurement stability better than 0.01 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> pk-pk evaluated at an RF frequency of 1.3 GHz over a few days.
Effects of extracts of porphyromonas gingivalis on osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells (2007)

Objective To determine the effects of sonicated extracts of P. gingivalis on osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs).Methods P. gingivalis 2561 were cultured under standard anaerobic conditions and extracted by sonication. hPDLSCs were added with various concentrations of the extraction. Proliferation and the expression of alkaline phosphatas (ALPase) and osteonectin (ON) were measured from the 6-day-old hPDLSCs cultures.Results P. gingivalis extracts dramatically inhibited the proliferation of hPDLSCs. The expression of ALPase and ON was down-regulated significantly in the hPDLSCs treated with 100μg/ml extraction, whereas up-regulated with 1μg/ml extraction.Conclusion The results suggested that periodontal pathogens such as P. gingivalis might contribute to slow the periodontal regeneration in periodontal diseases by inhibiting the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs.
Two- and one-photon color confocal screening microscope (2007)

The goal was to develop an upright microscope platform for the screening of slides employing one- and two-photon laser scanning techniques. A highly compact, vibration damping unit was created, which combines novel concepts for moving a slide in three dimensions, keeping it focused while doing so, scanning a laser-focus over the sample using novel galvanometer-control concepts, combining and separating excitation and emission beam and spectrally dispersing the emitted light by a linearized prism-spectrograph. Spectral detection is achieved by turning a 128 x 128 back-thinned EMCCD detector in a continuously reading spectral point-detector. To make the unit even ore versatile, it can be turned into a conventional wide field fluorescence microscope, enabling rapid routine observation to select regions of the sample for a subsequent, more detailed confocal analysis.
Studies on the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds. Part VIII. A facile synthesis of new pyrazolo[3,4‐b]benzazepine‐4,9‐diones (1982)

Abstract 2‐Carbomethoxybenzoyl chloride reacted with some 5‐methylamino‐l‐phenyl‐3‐ R ‐pyrazoles to yield N ‐methyl‐l‐phenyl‐3‐ R ‐pyrazol‐5‐yl)‐2‐carbomethoxybenzamides. These products were readily transformed into the corresponding acid, which in turn, refluxed in phosphorus oxychloride afforded the tricyclic system, l‐phenyl‐3‐ R ‐pyrazolo[3,4‐ b ]benzazepine‐4,9‐dione.
FUNCTIONALITY OF MILK PROTEINS AND CORN GERM PROTEIN FLOUR IN COMMINUTED MEAT PRODUCTS1 (1992)

Abstract Effects of corn germ protein flour (CGPF), nonfat dry milk (NFDM), whey protein concentrate (WPC), and sodium caseinate (SC) on quality characteristics of comminuted meat products were studied. Water holding capacity (WHC) was lowest and cooking loss was highest for the control formulation, whereas formulations extended with CGPF and milk proteins were higher in WHC and lower in cooking losses. Shear force and firmness increased as extenders were added, except WPC. All frankfurters with extenders were firmer than the control, except those extended with WPC. Hue angle was highest for samples with CGPF, while no differences were found in hue angle between control and milk proteins containing samples, except samples with WPC. Frankfurters with CGPF and SC add had a stronger atypical aroma than the control. Meaty aroma score was higher for the control than for the other products, except those with WPC. Meaty flavor score was higher for the control than for all other products. The product with CGPF added had a stronger atypical flavor than the control. Frankfurters containing extenders were not as juicy as the all‐meat control.
Neonatal Tolerance Induced by Antibody against Antigen-Specific Receptor (1974)

Specific immunologic unresponsiveness is induced by injecting adult or neonatal mice with antibody against antigen-specific receptor (antireceptor antibody). Suppression in mice treated as adults lasts several weeks, and cells from these suppressed mice respond normally in culture. In contrast, unresponsiveness induced in neonatal mice is long-lasting; cells from these mice do not respond in culture and do not affect the response of normal cells. Evidently, antireceptor antibody reversibly blocks antigen receptors in adult animals, but induces unresponsiveness in neonatal mice by depleting the clone of receptor-bearing cells.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advancement of Catalytic Pauson—Khand‐type Reactions (2013)

Abstract Review: 121 refs.
Pulse contrast measurement on the NIF Advanced Radiographic Capability (ARC) laser system (2017)

Accurate characterization of pulse contrast for high peak power lasers is critical to the success of experiments exploring inertial confinement fusion. The Advanced Radiographic Capability (ARC) laser at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) is a petawatt class laser system that produces pulses in the picosecond regime for the creation of diagnostic x-rays. ARC leverages four of the NIF’s beamlines for final amplification while implementing a separate front-end and pre-amplification stage, known as the High-Contrast ARC Front End (HCAFE). To characterize pulse contrast at the output of HCAFE, a means of measurement at long times (&gt;500 ps) has been developed using a photodiode that has achieved a dynamic range of over 100 dB and 125 dB after deconvolution. Within hundreds of picoseconds of the main pulse, a commercial third-order cross-correlator (Amplitude Technologies Sequoia) is used to characterize the pulse contrast. Together, these diagnostics provide the necessary data for ensuring pulse contrast requirements can be met on ARC. Efforts were made to mitigate existing pre-pulses and to increase the stability of the system as a long-term operational companion to the NIF. We describe the development and testing of the photodiode diagnostic and the analysis of the data resulting from contrast measurements. Details are also provided regarding the identification and mitigation of pre-pulses within the HCAFE system.
Effect of pathohistologic complete remission (pCR) rate on the prediction of long-term prognosis following chemoradiotherapy (XRT) with cetuximab (Cet), capecitabine (CAP), and oxaliplatin (OX; Cet-CAPOX) in patients (pts) with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). (2011)

e14035 Background: Preoperative XRT with Cet, CAP and OX (Cet-CAPOX) simultaneously to 50.4 Gy in fractions of 1.8 Gy has shown to be feasible, with no unexpected acute toxicity or increased perioperative morbidity, in LARC (Rödel et al., Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys., 2008). However, this regimen failed to show an increase in pathohistological response, incl. pCR rate, compared to reported data of 5-FU based XRT. Here, long-term results are reported. Methods: 58 pts with LARC were included in the phase I/II trial, with 40 pts evaluable for long-term efficacy (phase II). Pts characteristics: median age 63 (37-83) yrs, ECOG PS 0/1 80%/20%, at pre-therapeutic staging: cT2/3/4 3%/85%/12%, cN0/+ 20%/80%. Results: Following XRT, quality assessed TME surgery was done in all pts: low anterior resection in 70%, APR in 23%, Hartmann`s procedure in 7%. Histopathologically confirmed R0 rate was 95%. Pathology reports: ypT0N0 10%, ypT1-2N0 30%, ypT1-2N+ 5%, ypT3-4N0 25%, ypT3-4N+ 30%. Pathological tumor regression grading (TRG) according to Dworak et al.: TRG 4 (pCR) 10%, TRG 3 (>50% of tumor mass eradicated) 40%, TRG 2 (25-50%) 30%, TRG 0/1 20%. Adjuvant chemotherapy (not protocol defined) was given in 70%: 5FU/FA or CAP alone 30%, with OX 40%. With a median follow-up of 40 (3-49) months, 8 of 40 pts. (20%) have died: 1 with local R2 status and occult peritoneal metastases at staging died 5 weeks after surgery due to peritoneal tumor progression. No further locoregional failure occurred in 39 pts up to now. 3 pts. (8%) died unrelated to the malignant disease. 4 pts. (10%) developed distant metastases (liver: 1; lung: 1, both: 1, peritoneum: 1). Disease-free survival at 4 years was 77%. Conclusions: Notwithstanding the limited number of pts and follow-up time, the disappointingly poor results in terms of pathohistological response (incl. pCR) did not translate into poor long-term results. Taken into account the results of the EXPERT-C trial (Dewdney et al., ASCO GI 2011), pCR and TRG are likely insufficient parameters to assess the benefit of a cetuximab-containing perioperative XRT regimen.
False News On Social Media: A Data-Driven Survey (2019)

In the past few years, the research community has dedicated growing interest to the issue of false news circulating on social networks. The widespread attention on detecting and characterizing false news has been motivated by considerable backlashes of this threat against the real world. As a matter of fact, social media platforms exhibit peculiar characteristics, with respect to traditional news outlets, which have been particularly favorable to the proliferation of deceptive information. They also present unique challenges for all kind of potential interventions on the subject. As this issue becomes of global concern, it is also gaining more attention in academia. The aim of this survey is to offer a comprehensive study on the recent advances in terms of detection, characterization and mitigation of false news that propagate on social media, as well as the challenges and the open questions that await future research on the field. We use a data-driven approach, focusing on a classification of the features that are used in each study to characterize false information and on the datasets used for instructing classification methods. At the end of the survey, we highlight emerging approaches that look most promising for addressing false news.
Smad8 mediates the signaling of the receptor serine kinase (1997)

Smad proteins are critical intracellular mediators of signaling by growth and differentiation factors of the transforming growth factor beta superfamily. We have isolated a member of the Smad family, Smad8, from a rat brain cDNA library and biochemically and functionally characterized its ability to transduce signals from serine kinase receptors. In Xenopus embryo, Smad8 is able to transcriptionally activate a subset of mesoderm target genes similar to those induced by the receptor serine kinase, activin receptor-like kinase (ALK)-2. Smad8 can be specifically phosphorylated by a constitutively active ALK-2 but not the related receptor serine kinase, ALK-4. In response to signaling from ALK-2, Smad8 associates with a common regulatory molecule, Smad4, and this association leads to a synergistic effect on gene transcription. Furthermore, Smad8 is able to rescue the expression of mesoderm genes blocked by truncated ALK-2 in the embryo. These results indicate that Smad8 can function as a downstream signaling mediator of ALK-2.
A novel pricing-based end to end QoS control and management architecture (2009)

The fast development of communication technologies brings a heterogeneous network environment, which makes it more complicated to guarantee end to end quality of service (QoS). As a result, an open QoS control and management framework is crucial for the service providers. In this paper, we propose a novel pricing-based end to end QoS control and management architecture, with some key functional blocks presented. Moreover, under the guide of such architecture, the framework of our NS2 simulation platform is given, which can be used to verify our new methods of end to end QoS provision.
Inherent DCM operation of the asymmetrical interleaved dual buck-boost (2003)

A fifth order DC/DC converter based on the asymmetric connection of two buck-boost cells with complementary activation of their switches is presented. In steady state, the new converter inherently operates in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM). With a duty cycle greater than 38%, the asymmetrical interleaved dual buck-boost (AIDBB) behaves like an inverting boost converter. The AIDBB exhibits some benefits of interleaving cells without the need for specific control strategies to distribute the input current between the buck-boost cells. Mainly, the converter input current and output voltage ripples are significantly smaller than their average values. Due to the DCM operation, the system presents three operation intervals whose duration is independent of the converter parameters.
Comparative in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of FK482, a new oral cephalosporin (1989)

FK482 is an oral aminothiazolyl hydroxyimino cephalosporin with a C-3 vinyl group. Its activity was compared with those of cephalexin, cefuroxime, cefixime, and amoxicillin-clavulanate. FK482 inhibited 90% of Staphylococcus aureus isolates at 1 micrograms/ml and 90% of Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates at less than or equal to 0.012 micrograms/ml, superior to cephalexin and cefuroxime and similar to cefixime. It did not inhibit oxacillin-resistant S. aureus. FK482 inhibited 90% of Enterococcus faecalis isolates at 8 micrograms/ml. Although 90% of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella species, and Shigella species isolates were inhibited by less than or equal to 2 micrograms/ml, FK482 was less active than cefixime against Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Morganella, Serratia, and Providencia species, with MICs for many isolates of greater than 8 micrograms/ml. FK482 inhibited Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria gonorrhoeae at concentrations comparable to that of cefixime and superior to those of cephalexin and cfaclor. Bacteroides and Pseudomonas species were resistant. FK482 was not hydrolyzed by the TEM-1 and TEM-2 beta-lactamases but was hydrolyzed by TEM-3 and the Proteus vulgaris enzyme. It had a high affinity for chromosomal beta-lactamases.
Determination of the Lithium Ion Diffusion Coefficient in Graphite (1999)

A complex impedance model for spherical particles was used to determine the lithium ion diffusion coefficient in graphite as a function of the state of charge (SOC) and temperature. The values obtained range from of to at 25°C for 0 and 30% SOC, respectively, and for 0% SOC, the value at 55°C was . The conventional potentiostatic intermittent titration technique (PITT) and Waburg impedance approaches were also evaluated, and the advantages and disadvantages of these techniques were exposed. © 1999 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida L.) control in corn (2011)

Soltani, N., Shropshire, C. and Sikkema, P. H. 2011. Giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifidaL.) control in corn. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 577-581. Twelve field trials (five with PRE and seven with POST herbicides) were conducted over a 4-yr period (2006-2009) on various Ontario farms with heavy giant ragweed infestations (22 plants m-2) to determine the effectiveness of preemergence (PRE) and postemergence (POST) herbicides for the control of giant ragweed in corn. Atrazine, dicamba, dicamba/atrazine, isoxaflutole plus atrazine, mesotrione plus atrazine, saflufenacil, and saflufenacil/dimethenamid applied PRE provided 9-52, 60-80, 64-83, 44-77, 33-80, 36-80, and 43-63% control of giant ragweed, reduced giant ragweed density 55, 45, 59, 64, 68, 73, and 77% and reduced giant ragweed shoot dry weight 60, 89, 90, 87, 83, 81, and 78%, respectively. Atrazine, dicamba, dicamba/diflufenzopyr, dicamba/atrazine, 2,4-D/atrazine, bromoxynil plus atrazine, prosulfuron plus dicamba, primisulfuron/dicamba, mesotrione plus atrazine, topramezone plus atrazine, and bentazon/atrazine applied POST provided 46-94, 70-90, 69-84, 82-94, 56-83, 59-76, 66-84, 71-81, 49-81, 34-78, and 26-84% control of giant ragweed, reduced giant ragweed density by 65, 82, 71, 82, 76, 76, 59, 65, 59, 47, and 71% and reduced giant ragweed shoot dry weight by 97, 99, 97, 99.6, 98, 98, 95, 97, 95, 88, and 96%, respectively. Based on these results, dicamba/atrazine provided the best and most consistent control of giant ragweed in corn of the PRE and POST herbicides evaluated.
Electrosynthesis of potato starch–casein complexes (2001)

Starch–casein complexes were separated by electrosynthesis at 12 V cm –2 from aqueous potato starch:casein 1:0.5, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4 and 1:5 blends. Complexes were separated on the stainless steel anode. The composition of complexes was dependent on the biopolymer composition of the bathing solution. Kinetic measurements and analysis of thermogravimetric thermograms suggested that there was a preference for the formation of the starch:casein 1:1 complex. In baths containing a small excess of protein the 1:1 complex coprecipitated with casein. Complex formation involved peptide and amino moieties of casein and, phosphate moieties as well as hydroxyl groups of starch. Electrosynthesis of protein–polysaccharide complexes provides a precise means of control of the parameters of synthesis and reproducibility of the properties of the products.
Cell therapies for acute and chronic traumatic brain injury (2022)

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a global health problem, for which there are no approved therapies. Advances in acute clinical care have improved post-TBI survival, yet many patients are left with chronic TBI-related disabilities (i.e. chronic TBI). Existing treatments that focus on rehabilitation and symptom management do not modify the disease and have limited effectiveness. Consequently, chronic TBI-related disabilities remain a significant unmet medical need. Cell therapies have neuroprotective and neurorestorative effects which are believed to modify the disease. In this article, we review the safety and efficacy of cell therapies in early-phase clinical studies that have shown potential to improve outcomes in acute to chronic phases of TBI.
Geographic Variation in the Effects of Heat Exposure on Maximum Sprint Speed and Hsp70 Expression in the Western Fence LizardSceloporus occidentalis (2011)

We examined whether western fence lizards Sceloporus occidentalis occurring in thermally divergent environments display differential responses to high temperature in locomotor performance and heat-shock protein (Hsp) expression. We measured maximum sprint speed in S. occidentalis from four populations at paired latitudes and elevations before and after exposure to an experimental heat treatment and then quantified hind-limb muscle Hsp70 expression. Lizards collected from northern or high-elevation collection sites suffered a greater reduction in sprint speed after heat exposure than lizards collected from southern or low-elevation sites. In addition, lizards from northern collection sites also exhibited an increase in Hsp70 expression after heat exposure, whereas there was no effect of heat exposure on Hsp70 expression in lizards from southern collection sites. Across all groups, there was a negative relationship between Hsp70 expression and sprint speed after thermal stress. This result is significant because (a) it suggests that an increase in Hsp70 alone cannot compensate for the immediate negative effects of high-temperature exposure on sprint speed and (b) it demonstrates a novel correlation between an emergent property at the intersection of several physiological systems (locomotion) and a cellular response (Hsp70 expression). Ultimately, geographic variation in the effects of heat on sprint speed may translate into differential fitness and population viability during future increases in global air temperatures.