gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rapid prenatal diagnosis of aneuploidy from uncultured amniotic fluid cells using five‐colour fluorescence in situ hybridization (1994)

In this paper we describe the use of five-colour fluorescence in situ hybridization for prenatal diagnosis of aneuploidy using uncultured amniotic fluid cells. The analysis is based on ratio mixing of dual-labelled probes and digital imaging for the detection and visualization of five different probes specific for the five target chromosomes, 13, 18, 21, X, and Y. A retrospective blind analysis of 30 coded uncultured amniotic fluid samples correctly detected fetal sex and five trisomy 21 cases. Multicolour fluorescence in situ hybridization used in this way allows rapid and simultaneous detection of the most frequent aneuploidies.
ChemInform Abstract: NEW BIDENTATES AS FULL INHIBITORS OF ENKEPHALIN‐DEGRADING ENZYMES: SYNTHESIS AND ANALGESIC PROPERTIES (1985)

Abstract Dargestellt werden die Amide (VI) und (VII), die Aminopeptidase, Dipeptidylaminopeptidase und Enkephalinase inhibieren.
CULTURE OF Spirulina platensis IN OLIVE MILL WASTES AND USED ENGINE OILS (2020)

The objective of the present work is to cultivate the micro-alga platensis of Burkina Faso origin in two types wastes water, olive mill wastes and the used engines oils in the area of Tizi-Ouzou, with a view to reduce pollution. In order to minimize the pollution caused by these wastes water, we opted to enrich them with the solution of fig wood ash as a source of alkalinity. The culture was carried out at 30 and 37° C. To be able to clean up these wastes water as much as possible, the recycling effect was studied. Some culture parameters (pH, phycocyanin level (%), Spirulina yields (%)), the analysis of functional groups and the antimicrobial activity of the obtained spirulina powders were determined.
The results obtained show that recycling has a positive effect on the culture of S.platensis in both natural media. A more or less significant production of phycocyanin was observed, in particular in the two recycled media at 30°C. These results state that temperature does not affect on the phycocyanin production.
Spirulina issued from the used oils of engines is dark brown in color and is characterized by a high level of pigments and impurities. On the other hand, that from olive mill wastes is blue-green in color, which reveals the presence of phycocyanin, the latter being the source of this color.
The two Spirulina powders from both media contain hydroxyl and carbonyl groups. Consequently, they are highly recommended as a source of carbon to use in agriculture.
Clinical Assessment of Metal Artifact Reduction Methods in Dual-Energy CT Examinations of Instrumented Spines (2018)

The method that used DE iMAR Mono+ showed the best performance of spine metal artifact reduction using DECT data. These results may be specific to this CT vendor and implant type.
Dynamic Power Management in Wireless Sensor Networks: An Application-Driven Approach (2005)

Energy is a limited resource in wireless sensor networks. In fact, the reduction of power consumption is crucial to increase the lifetime of low power sensor networks. Several approaches on dynamic power management have contributed to reduce the power consumption, but few of them consider the application constraints to optimize it. In this paper, we propose a new application-driven power management approach, where we model the sensor node operation and the application constraints using the hybrid automata framework. We also model a real sensor network application for fire detection and we show the performance of our approach in terms of energy drop, comparing it to an Ideal Model and a Naive approach.
Class II genes of the human major histocompatibility complex. Comparisons of the DQ and DX alpha and beta genes. (1987)

The human major histocompatibility complex, HLA, contains the genes of several class II molecules. We present here the molecular maps of the DQ and DX subregions and analyze the sequences of the polymorphic DQ alpha and DQ beta genes as well as the DX alpha and DX beta genes. The DQ alpha and DQ beta genes are oriented in opposite directions, approximately 12 kilobases apart. The DX alpha and DX beta genes are similarly oriented about 8 kilobases. The exon-intron organizations of the DQ alpha and DX alpha genes are analogous to those of other class II alpha genes. Comparison of the DQ alpha gene sequence to three DQ alpha cDNA clones shows that amino acid replacements are predominantly located between residues 45 and 80 in the amino-terminal domain. Analysis of the frequency of silent and replacement substitutions indicates that there is little selection against replacements in DQ alpha first domains. The exons encoding the second domains of DQ alpha and DX alpha are virtually identical, suggesting that a gene conversion event has occurred between these genes. The DX beta gene is very similar to the DQ beta gene but differs in the cytoplasmic portion. The DX beta gene contains a separate exon of 24 nucleotides encoding the core of the cytoplasmic tail. This exon is not expressed in the DQ beta genes due to a nonfunctional splice junction. Comparison of the number of nucleotide substitutions in the DQ beta first and second domain exons suggests that little or no phenotypic selection acts on the first domain whereas the second domain is under strong selection.
Process cure monitoring of unsaturated polyester resins, vinyl ester resins, and gel coats by Raman spectroscopy (2004)

Abstract The curing process of unsaturated polyester resins, vinyl ester resins, and gel coats was studied by using a process Raman spectrometer, equipped with a remote fiber‐optic probe. The resins were cured and Raman spectra were recorded during the curing reaction. The spectral changes were identified and, from the intensities, the cure process could be monitored. Gel times given by the resin suppliers correlated well with the Raman results. It could also be seen that the curing process continues for a long time, up to several weeks. Postcuring will finally complete the curing process. White and lightly colored gel coats could easily be monitored by Raman spectroscopy, but fluorescent problems were encountered with heavily colored pigments. The curing of laminates containing 50–70 wt % glass fiber mat could also be followed by Raman spectroscopy. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 1285–1292, 2004
Synthesizing quasi-bound states in the continuum in epsilon-near-zero layered materials (2021)

Bound states in the continuum (BIC) are highly confined, nonradiative modes that can exist in open structures, despite their potential compatibility and coupling with the radiation spectrum, and may give rise to resonances with arbitrarily large lifetimes. Here, we study this phenomenon in layered materials featuring epsilon-near-zero constituents. Specifically, we outline a systematic procedure to synthesize quasi-BIC resonances at given frequency, incidence angle and polarization, and investigate the role of certain critical parameters in establishing the quality factor of the resonances. Moreover, we also provide an insightful phenomenological interpretation in terms of the recently introduced concept of "photonic doping", and study the effects of the unavoidable material loss and dispersion. Our results indicate the possibility to synthesize sharp resonances, for both transversely magnetic and electric polarizations, which are of potential interest for a variety of nanophotonics scenarios, including light trapping, optical sensing and thermal radiation.
From Glycals to Glycopeptides: A Convergent and Stereoselective Total Synthesis of a High Mannose N-Linked Glycopeptide (2000)

Auf kürzestem Wege gelang die Synthese des homogenen N-verknüpften Glycopeptids 1 aus einem vollständig entschützten Glycosylamin und einem Asparaginsäure-haltigen Peptid. Das Glycosylamin wurde durch Aminierung eines aus einem Glycal gebildeten freien Oligosaccharidhemiacetals erhalten.
Metalated Graphyne-Based Networks as Two-Dimensional Materials: Crystallization, Topological Defects, Delocalized Electronic States, and Site-Specific Doping (2020)

Graphyne-based two-dimensional (2D) carbon allotropes feature extraordinary physical properties; however, their synthesis as crystalline single-layered materials has remained challenging. We report on the fabrication of large-area organometallic Ag-bis-acetylide networks and their structural and electronic properties on Ag(111) using low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The metalated graphyne-based networks are robust at room temperature and assembled in a bottom-up approach <i>via</i> surface-assisted dehalogenative homocoupling of terminal alkynyl bromides. Large-area networks of several hundred nanometers with topological defects at domain boundaries are obtained due to the Ag-acetylide bonds' reversible nature. The thermodynamically controlled growth mechanism is explained through the direct observation of intermediates, which differ on Ag(111) and Au(111). Scanning tunneling spectroscopy resolved unoccupied states delocalized across the network. The energy of these states can be shifted locally by the attachment of a different number of Br atoms within the network. DFT revealed that free-standing metal-bis-acetylide networks are semimetals with a linear band dispersion around several high-symmetry points, which suggest the presence of Weyl points. These results demonstrate that the organometallic Ag-bis-acetylide networks feature the typical 2D material properties, which make them of great interest for fundamental studies and electronic materials in devices.
Subclinical AKI is still AKI (2012)

The concept of acute kidney syndromes has shifted in recent years from acute renal failure to acute kidney injury (AKI). AKI implies injury or damage but not necessarily dysfunction. The human kidney has an important glomerular function reserve, and dysfunction becomes evident only when more than 50% of the renal mass is compromised. Recent AKI classifications include even slight changes in serum creatinine, acknowledging that this condition is associated with worse outcomes. This, however, still represents a functional criterion for AKI and implies a glomerular filtration rate alteration that may be a late phenomenon in the time course of the syndrome. An early diagnosis of AKI by using tubular damage biomarkers preceding filtration function loss is possible today. Some studies have shown evidence that there is an additional value of new biomarkers not only because they allow a diagnosis to be made earlier but also because they allow a kidney injury to be diagnosed even in the absence of subsequent dysfunction. Only recently, tubular damage without glomerular function loss was demonstrated to be associated with worse renal and overall outcomes. For this condition, the term 'subclinical' AKI has been introduced, challenging the traditional view that a kidney problem is clinically relevant, only when a loss of filtration function becomes apparent. A new domain of AKI diagnosis could then include functional criteria and damage criteria. This may have an impact on the epidemiology, prevention, and management of AKI.
Comparison of proximally versus distally placed spatially distributed sequential stimulation electrodes in a dynamic knee extension task (2016)

Spatially distributed sequential stimulation (SDSS) has demonstrated substantial power output and fatigue benefits compared to single electrode stimulation (SES) in the application of functional electrical stimulation (FES). This asymmetric electrode setup brings new possibilities but also new questions since precise placement of the electrodes is one critical factor for good muscle activation. The aim of this study was to compare the power output, fatigue and activation properties of proximally versus distally placed SDSS electrodes in an isokinetic knee extension task simulating knee movement during recumbent cycling. M. vastus lateralis and medialis of seven able-bodied subjects were stimulated with rectangular bi-phasic pulses of constant amplitude of 40 mA and at an SDSS frequency of 35 Hz for 6 min on both legs with both setups (i.e. n=14). Torque was measured during knee-extension movement by a dynamometer at an angular velocity of 110 deg/s. Mean power, peak power and activation time were calculated and compared for the initial and final stimulation phases, together with an overall fatigue index. Power output values (Pmean, Ppeak) were scaled to a standardised reference input pulse width of 100 μs (Pmean,s, Ppeak,s). The initial evaluation phase showed no significant differences between the two setups for all outcome measures. Ppeak and Ppeak,s were both significantly higher in the final phase for the distal setup (25.4 ± 8.1 W vs. 28.2 ± 6.2 W, p=0.0062 and 34.8 ± 9.5 W vs. 38.9 ± 6.7 W, p=0.021, respectively). With distal SDSS, there was modest evidence of higher Pmean and Pmean,s (p=0.071, p=0.14, respectively) but of longer activation time (p=0.096). The rate of fatigue was similar for both setups. For practical FES applications, distal placement of the SDSS electrodes is preferable.
Particle-size distribution of nickel dispersed on silica and its effects on hydrogenation of propionaldehyde (1983)

Techniques to control metal particle size in a supported catalyst have been investigated. The mean particle size of nickel increases with an increase in the concentration of metal in the catalyst, varying from 2.2 to 25.8% in weight. The effects of metal particle size on reaction selectivity are explained in terms of the fraction of metal atoms located at the corners and edges in the metal crystallites. During the reaction of propionaldehyde with hydrogen on the catalyst, hydrogenation may occur on the metal atoms located at the corners or edges of the crystallites, while the decomposition of the aldehyde may take place on the metal atoms located on the plane surface of the crystallites.
Machine Learning and Inverse Optimization for Estimation of Weighting Factors in Multi-Objective Production Scheduling Problems (2022)

In recent years, scheduling optimization has been utilized in production systems. To construct a suitable mathematical model of a production scheduling problem, modeling techniques that can automatically select an appropriate objective function from historical data are necessary. This paper presents two methods to estimate weighting factors of the objective function in the scheduling problem from historical data, given the information of operation time and setup costs. We propose a machine learning-based method, and an inverse optimization-based method using the input/output data of the scheduling problems when the weighting factors of the objective function are unknown. These two methods are applied to a multi-objective parallel machine scheduling problem and a real-world chemical batch plant scheduling problem. The results of the estimation accuracy evaluation show that the proposed methods for estimating the weighting factors of the objective function are effective.
Credit support vehicles: issues and options. (1985)

A hospital must consider and discuss with commercial banks a number of questions before deciding on the appropriate credit support vehicle and the bank with which to work. Making sure that all parties agree to the major points early in negotiations results in each institution meeting its financial objectives, thereby structuring a transaction acceptable to all parties.
Sensors in diffusion plasma processing (2002)

Several sensors developed at the Faculty of Electrical Engineering and mounted in a 50 kVA plasma nitriding unit are described. Special attention is given to a glow-to-arc transition instability sensor and hollow cathode effect sensor used for glow discharge stabilization. Specific characteristics of temperature and Pirani gauge sensors related to application in plasma processing are discussed and one type of double thermistor flowmeter which is still under testing presented.
Bio-Mimetic Control for Whole Arm Cooperative Manipulation (2004)

This paper studies modeling and bio-mimetic control of a 3D 8-dof whole arm cooperative manipulation system using sensitive skin. The control law is designed based on integration of voluntary movement and reflex considering the system's redundancy. The voluntary task for holding the object is realized by impedance control at four contact points with the object using the contact force information from the sensitive skin. The reflection on the other hand is introduced as a regulation problem of the direction between the points of end-effectors and elbows. We then investigate the exact solutions for the combined motion and their solvable conditions. The validity of the proposed method is investigated by numerical simulations
Biocompatible mannosylated endosomal-escape nanoparticles enhance selective delivery of short nucleotide sequences to tumor associated macrophages (2014)

Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) can modify the tumor microenvironment to create a pro-tumor niche. Manipulation of the TAM phenotype is a novel, potential therapeutic approach to engage anti-cancer immunity. siRNA is a molecular tool for knockdown of specific mRNAs that is tunable in both strength and duration. The use of siRNA to reprogram TAMs to adopt an immunogenic, anti-tumor phenotype is an attractive alternative to ablation of this cell population. One current difficulty with this approach is that TAMs are difficult to specifically target and transfect. We report here successful utilization of novel mannosylated polymer nanoparticles (MnNP) that are capable of escaping the endosomal compartment to deliver siRNA to TAMs in vitro and in vivo. Transfection with MnNP-siRNA complexes did not significantly decrease TAM cell membrane integrity in culture, nor did it create adverse kidney or liver function in mice, even at repeated doses of 5 mg kg(-1). Furthermore, MnNP effectively delivers labeled nucleotides to TAMs in mice with primary mammary tumors. We also confirmed TAM targeting in the solid tumors disseminated throughout the peritoneum of ovarian tumor bearing mice following injection of fluorescently labeled MnNP-nucleotide complexes into the peritoneum. Finally, we show enhanced uptake of MnNP in lung metastasis associated macrophages compared to untargeted particles when using an intubation delivery method. In summary, we have shown that MnNP specifically and effectively deliver siRNA to TAMs in vivo.
Basic income and the freedom to lead a good life (2017)

The growth of production will generate jobs and thereby provide directly a decent income to the bulk of the population. However three facts have been shattering this confidence. Firstly, despite GDP per capita having doubled or trebled since the golden sixties. Secondly, given the ecological limits, including those derived from the impact of human activities on the climate worldwide. Thirdly, even among economists who do not question the desirability of growth or its ability to tackle unemployment, some now have doubts about the very possibility of sustained growth. Unlike social insurance schemes, social assistance schemes can be called unconditional in the sense that they are not restricted to people who paid enough social contributions to qualify for social insurance benefits. An unconditional basic income is a strictly individual entitlement; it is universal and duty-free rather than tied to an obligation to work or to be willing to work.
Thermal Resistances of Thin-Films of Small Molecule Organic Semiconductors (2016)

We have measured the thermal resistances of thin films of the small molecule organic semiconductors bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl) pentacene (TIPS-pn), bis(triethylsilylethynyl) anthradithiophene (TES-ADT) and difluoro bis(triethylsilylethynyl) anthradithiophene (diF-TES-ADT). For each material, several films of different thicknesses have been measured to separate the effects of intrinsic thermal conductivity from interface thermal resistance. For non-crystalline films of all three materials, with thicknesses ranging from &lt; 100 nm to &gt; 4 microns, the thermal conductivities are similar to that of polymers and over an order of magnitude smaller than that of the crystals, reflecting the large reduction in phonon mean-free path in the films. Thin (&lt; 205 nm) crystalline films of TES-ADT, prepared by vapor-annealing spin-cast films, have also been measured, but for these the thermal resistances are dominated by interface scattering.
Redesign, Reconstruction, and Directed Extension of the Brevibacterium linens C 40 Carotenoid Pathway in Escherichia coli (2010)

In this study, the carotenoid biosynthetic pathways of Brevibacterium linens DSMZ 20426 were reconstructed, redesigned, and extended with additional carotenoid-modifying enzymes of other sources in a heterologous host Escherichia coli. The modular lycopene pathway synthesized an unexpected carotenoid structure, 3,4-didehydrolycopene, as well as lycopene. Extension of the novel 3,4-didehydrolycopene pathway with the mutant Pantoea lycopene cyclase CrtY(2) and the Rhodobacter spheroidene monooxygenase CrtA generated monocyclic torulene and acyclic oxocarotenoids, respectively. The reconstructed beta-carotene pathway synthesized an unexpected 7,8-dihydro-beta-carotene in addition to beta-carotene. Extension of the beta-carotene pathway with the B. linens beta-ring desaturase CrtU and Pantoea beta-carotene hydroxylase CrtZ generated asymmetric carotenoid agelaxanthin A, which had one aromatic ring at the one end of carotene backbone and one hydroxyl group at the other end, as well as aromatic carotenoid isorenieratene and dihydroxy carotenoid zeaxanthin. These results demonstrate that reconstruction of the biosynthetic pathways and extension with promiscuous enzymes in a heterologous host holds promise as a rational strategy for generating structurally diverse compounds that are hardly accessible in nature.