gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gate Pulsing as a Transient Ringing Reduction Method for Multilevel Supply Modulators (2023)

This letter demonstrates a gate pulsing technique to reduce the ringing in multilevel dynamic voltage supplies used for modulating the drain bias of GaN radio-frequency power amplifiers (RFPAs). Supply modulation can improve overall average efficiency when the RFPA is amplifying signals with varying envelopes. Multilevel discrete supply modulators (SMs) are used for high instantaneous bandwidth signals when continuous modulators become inefficient. These SMs provide several voltage levels to the RFPA using transistor switches. By pulsing the gate drive of switches <sc xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on</small> and <sc xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">off</small> quickly before ultimately turning them <sc xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on</small>, the switches undergo an intermediate lossy state, which reduces the ringing. The pulse settings can be individually adjusted for different voltage level transitions and loads. Gate pulsing is compared to conventional ringing reduction techniques such as varying the fixed series gate resistance, and deadtime optimization. Gate pulsing experimental results with a 4-level SM and 8 MHz 64-QAM signal show a significant improvement in ringing over deadtime optimization with only a 0.9% point drop in efficiency.
The B1 receptors for kinins. (1998)

A literature review on kinin pharmacology that appeared in this journal in 1980 was based on a systematic effort to define two receptor types for bradykinin- (BK b) related peptides, and proposed a receptor nomenclature (B1, B2) ([Regoli and Barabe, 1980][1]). Since then, that historical paper has
Absorption of sunscreens across human skin: an evaluation of commercial products for children and adults (1999)

Whilst limited absorption across the skin was observed for the majority of the sunscreens tested, benzophenone-3 demonstrated sufficiently high penetration to warrant further investigation of its continued application.
MAC Sleep Mode Control Considering Downlink Traffic Pattern and Mobility (2005)

Energy of a mobile terminal (MT) is an important resource, so recent wireless network protocols like IEEE 802.11 and IEEE 802.16 include energy saving techniques. These protocols, however, have a problem in minimizing energy loss under varying traffic pattern and mobile environment. In this paper, we propose a sleep mode interval control algorithm that considers downlink traffic pattern and terminal mobility to maximize energy-efficiency. Through simulations, we show that our proposed algorithm improves energy saving and delay performance. There is no energy loss because it does not incur unnecessary cell searching in multi-cell environments.
Robotic Soil Sampler for Hazardous Waste Clean Up (1992)

Robotic Soil Sampler for Hazardous Waste Clean Up Edward J. Jaselskis, Marvin S. Anderson Pages 347-356 (1992 Proceedings of the 9th ISARC, Tokyo, Japan, ISSN 2413-5844) Abstract: An innovative field sampling system using LA-ICP-AES (laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry) technology is currently being developed through an integrated team approach at Ames Laboratory to provide in-situ, real time analysis of inorganic hazardous waste. This sampling approach is conducted through a mobile testing facility which consists of an instrumentation vehicle called the Mobile Demonstration Laboratory for Environmental Screening Technologies (MDLEST),and an attached trailer called the Robotic Sampling Accessory (RSA),the RSA provides automated sampling capabilities through an attached three-degree-of-freedom robot that will be equipped with surface and subsurface sampling probes, the proves are currently being designed by a multi-disciplinary team consisting of engineers and scientists at Ames Laboratory, Iowa State University, and Lockheed. This system is expected to improve sample quality assurance, reduce sampling time and cost, and improve worker safety, limitations and future areas of research for the MDLEST-RSA are also discussed. Keywords: No keywords DOI: https://doi.org/10.22260/ISARC1992/0044 Download fulltext Download BibTex Download Endnote (RIS) TeX Import to Mendeley
Restricted Diffusion in a Microstructured Polymer Electrolyte for Secondary Lithium Batteries (2010)

Abstract not Available.
Pulmonary Artery Sarcoma Detected on F-18 FDG PET/CT as Origin of Multiple Spinal Metastases (2011)

A 67-year-old man with back pain was diagnosed as having multiple spinal metastases on MRI. On CT scan, only a filling defect in the right pulmonary artery was observed and suspected as venous thromboembolism. On F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT, intense hypermetabolism was observed in the right pulmonary artery in addition to the metastatic spine lesions. Biopsy confirmed the lesion as a primary pulmonary artery sarcoma (PAS), and the spine lesions as metastases of PAS. Although PAS is rare and its bone metastasis presenting initial symptom is extremely rare, FDG PET/CT is an effective diagnostic modality for PAS, not only in discrimination from venous thromboembolism, but also in workup of metastatic origin.
Empirical learning methods for digitized document recognition: an integrated approach to inductive generalization (2002)

A hybrid method of using empirical and supervised learning to acquire knowledge expressed in the form of classification rules is applied to optically scanned documents with the aim of automatic recognition and storage. An expert system devoted to classification recognizes a document as belonging to a class by its layout and the logical structure of a generic printed page. Decision rules for document classification are inferred by inductive generalization. The learning methodology combines a data analysis technique for linearly classifying with a conceptual method for generating disjunctive cover for each class of document.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Machine vision in Profibus networks (2002)

In this paper, a system for the transport of images across Profibus industrial networks acting as support to the monitoring and control system of industrial processes is implemented and evaluated. The capacity of Fieldbus Data Link (FDL) to support the transport of images and the impact on the performance achieved through the utilization of compressed images are analysed. A communications protocol over FDL is implemented and tests are realized with different image sizes, compression ratios and background traffic which allows for the simulation of various scenarios. Profibus networks have been shown to be capable of simultaneously transporting images with control traffic, which opens up a new range of applications.
Insulin‐specific T cell hybridomas derived from (H‐2b × H‐2k)F1 mice preferably employ F1unique restriction elements for antigen recognition (1985)

T cell hybridomas of (B10 X B10.BR)F1 genotype with reactivity to bovine insulin (BI) were established to analyze the restriction and antigen fine specificity of (H-2b X H-2k)F1 T cells towards BI. Our data indicate a focusing of the response on two epitopes on the insulin molecule, the A chain loop determinant comprising amino acids A8 and A10, as well as the glutamic acid residue in position 4 of the A chain. Both were recognized either separately or in conjunction. Unexpectedly, the T cell hybridomas exhibited a marked preference for recognizing insulin in the context of F1-unique restriction elements of Ab alpha Ak beta type rather than parental high-responder I-Ab molecules. Analysis of the response of primed lymph node T cells of (B10 X B10.BR)F1 mice towards BI corroborated the finding of a preponderant corecognition of F1-unique I-A molecules.
Modifications and oxidation of lipids and proteins in human serum detected by thermochemiluminescence (2003)

Detection of electronically excited species (EES) in body fluids may constitute an important diagnostic tool in various pathologies. Examples of such products are triplet excited carbonyls (TEC), which can be a source for photon emission in the 400-550 nm range. The aim of the present study was to determine the actual contribution of lipid and protein components (protein carbonyls) to photon emission generated by thermochemiluminescence (TCL) during the heating of biological fluids. In this study, a new TCL Photometer device, designed by Lumitest Ltd, Israel, was used. Samples were heated to a constant temperature of 80 +/- 0.5 degrees C for 280 s and photon emission was measured at several time points. In order to compare the results of TCL measurements to conventional methods of detecting lipid and protein oxidation, each examined sample was also heated in a waterbath at 80 degrees C for 10-280 s. Lipid and protein oxidation were subsequently measured using conventional methods. The TCL of four polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) with three to six double bonds was measured. The elevation of the PUFA TCL amplitude correlated with the increase in the number of double bonds of PUFA. A correlation between the increase in TCL intensity and protein carbonyl generation in bovine serum albumin (BSA) was also observed. In the venous blood serum, our study showed that an increase of TCL intensity during heating reflected the cleavage of TEC of lipid origin. Our study suggests that biological molecules such as proteins, lipids and other molecules, which may become unstable during heating, are capable of generating EES. We demonstrated that a TCL curve can be used as a kinetic model for measuring oxidative processes, which reflects modifications of different molecules involved in the oxidative stress phenomena.
Renewable Portfolio Standard from the Perspective of Policy Network Theory for Saudi Arabia Vision 2030 Targets (2021)

Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) is one of the successful policy instruments that is used to support the augmented development of renewable energy in different countries. In vision 2030, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) has set the targets to deploy 58.7 GW of renewable energy (RE) with 40 GW of solar photovoltaic, 16 GW of wind and 2.7 GW other RE sources, paving the way for a low-carbon economy in the Kingdom. Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) could be an effective policy instrument for stimulating RE integration, consumption on a large-scale and comprehending the objectives of vision 2030. In this paper, four phases KSA RPS formulation strategy is proposed in which collaborative relationship between different stakeholders like policy and regulatory bodies, professional bodies, inter-governmental bodies, power producer and social network at different levels by using policy network theory (PNT) to analyze the interactive relationship of multiple actors is discussed. This strategy will help KSA to overcome the limitations of the stakeholder's relationship in RPS formulation and thereby offers significant success for RE deployment in KSA.
In Situ Growth of Polycrystalline Bismuth-iron-Garnet Films on Quartz Glass Substrate (1997)

Polycrystalline (Bi,Gd)3(Fe,Ga)5O12 garnet layer was prepared on a quartz glass substrate at 500°C by alternating reactive ion beam sputtering using two ceramic targets, Gd3Ga5O12 and 3Bi2O3-5Fe2O3. The lattice constant was 12.548Å. The layer was almost magnetically compensated and paramagnetic. On that layer, polycrystalline Bi3Fe5O12 garnet layer was epitaxially grown by reactive ion beam sputtering. Those two layers were successively deposited in the same apparatus.
Quiescent and Necrotrophic Lifestyle Choice During Postharvest Disease Development (2013)

Insidious fungal infections by postharvest pathogens remain quiescent during fruit growth until, at a particular phase during fruit ripening and senescence, the pathogens switch to the necrotrophic lifestyle and cause decay. During ripening, fruits undergo physiological processes, such as activation of ethylene biosynthesis, cuticular changes, and cell-wall loosening-changes that are accompanied by a decline of antifungal compounds, both those that are preformed and those that are inducible secondary metabolites. Pathogen infection of the unripe host fruit initiates defensive signal-transduction cascades, culminating in accumulation of antifungal proteins that limit fungal growth and development. In contrast, development of the same pathogens during fruit ripening and storage activates a substantially different signaling network, one that facilitates aggressive fungal colonization. This review focuses on responses induced by the quiescent pathogens of postharvest diseases in unripe host fruits. New genome-scale experimental approaches have begun to delineate the complex and multiple networks of host and pathogen responses activated to maintain or to facilitate the transition from the quiescent to the necrotrophic lifestyle.
Automatic Fingerprint Identification Using Gray Hopfield Neural Network Improved by Run-Length Encoding (2008)

This paper presents a new technique of fingerprint identification using gray Hopfield neural network (GHNN) improved by run-length encoding (RLE). Gabor filter has been used for image enhancement at the stage of enrollment and vector field algorithm for core detection as a reference point. Finding this point will enable to cover most of information around the core. GHNN deals with gray level images by learning on bitplanes that represent the fingerprint image layers. For large number of images GHNN's memory needs very large storage space to cover all learned fingerprint images. RLE is a very simple and useful solution for saving the capacity of the net memory by encoding the stored weights, in which the weights data will reduce according to the repeated one. Experiments carried out on fingerprint images show that the proposed technique is useful in a number of different samples of fingerprint images in terms of converged images in quality, encoding and decoding performance.
Caractérisation de nitrures diélectriques déposés par pulvérisation ionique réactive : applications en microélectronique (1989)

Des couches minces de nitrure de silicium (SixNy) et de nitrure de bore (BxNy) ont ete elaborees a temperature ambiante dans un bâti ultravide de depot par pulverisation reactive par faisceau d'ions. De nombreuses techniques de caracterisation (RBS, Spectrometrie Auger in situ, XPS, absorption infrarouge, ellipsometrie) ont ete mises en oeuvre pour determiner les mecanismes de depot, le mode de croissance sur Si, GaAs et InP, et les proprietes physicochimiques et optiques du nitrure de silicium elabore par cette methode. Ces mesures indiquent entre autres une diminution du desordre apres recuit et l'absence d'une segregation de phases dans les couches riches en silicium. Les applications possibles de ce dielectrique en microelectronique sont discutees a partir des resultats de mesures electriques sur des dispositifs MIS Al/ Si₃N₄/Si prepares selon differentes procedures et de mesures de la contrainte mecanique et de la resistance a l'oxydation. Les mecanismes de depot du nitrure de bore sont similaires a ceux du nitrure de silicium et les couches presentent une durete tres elevee interessante pour les revetements mecaniques et optiques.
A compact dual band RFID metal tag with orthogonal polarizations at ETSI and FCC bands (2017)

Global UHF-RFID metal tags are highly desired in the automotive, aircraft and energy sectors. The traditional solution to implement global tags is utilizing broadband tag antennas. However, most existing broadband metal tags cannot cover the ETSI and FCC bands simultaneously. This paper proposed a dual band metal tag to solve the problem. The overall dimension of the tag is only 26.5 mm × 26.5 mm × 3 mm. Moreover, the proposed tag delivers a unique orthogonal-polarization feature. The linear-polarization achieved at the ETSI band is orthogonal to that presented at the FCC band. Measurement results demonstrate that the proposed metal tag provides read ranges up to 10 and 12 meters at the ETSI and FCC bands respectively.
Rapid Response Thermistors To Measure Ventricular Ejection Fraction: In Vitro Validation (2005)

Ejection fraction (EF) is used clinically as an index of ventricular pump function. Clinical measurements of EF are complicated by the need for complex imaging equipment to compute ventricular volumes. Recently, the use of thermodilution (TD) methods have been suggested as a simplified means to measure EF (EFTD) in patients using rapid response thermistors. However, comparisons of EFTD and other methods in vivo are difficult. Accordingly, EFTD'S were compared to known values using an in vitro system, with known EF's set from 17 to 78% and stroke rate varied independently from SO to 100 strokes/min. EFTD was computed by fitting the downslope of the TD curve to a monoexponential function and computing the time constant of thermal decay. A significant correlation existed between EFTD and actual EF over the entire study (r=0.96, p 0.8). This study demonstrates that TD accurately predicts EF using an in vitro system and appears to be independent of stroke rate. Thus, TD methods may provide an accurate, simple and reliable means to serially measure EF.
Folate-receptor-targeted delivery of docetaxel nanoparticles prepared by PLGA–PEG–folate conjugate (2008)

For folate-receptor-targeted anticancer therapy, docetaxel (DTX) nanoparticles (NPs) were produced employing polylactide-co-glycolide-polyethylene glycol-folate (PLGA-PEG-FOL) conjugate. The FOL-conjugated di-block copolymer was synthesized by coupling the PLGA-PEG-NH(2) di-block copolymer with an activated folic acid. It was expected that FOL moieties were exposed on the micellar surface. The conjugates assisted in the formation of DTX NPs with an average size of 200 nm in diameter through an emulsification/solvent diffusion method. The FOL-targeted NPs showed a greater extent of intracellular uptake in FOL-receptor-positive cancer cells (SKOV3) in comparison with the non-targeted NPs, indicating that the FOL-receptor-mediated endocytosis mechanism could have a role in the cellular uptake of NPs. These results suggested that FOL-targeted DTX NPs could be a potentially useful delivery system for FOL-receptor-positive cancer cells.
Extending the satellite-based time series of harmful algal bloom extents in the Great Lakes (2015)

The ability to generate maps of harmful algal blooms (HABs) in the Great Lakes using predictive HAB algorithms with ocean color satellite imagery has advanced significantly in recent years. However, these algorithms have mostly been developed for use with the MODIS and MERIS instruments, both of which were launched in 2002. To extend the time series of HAB extent data further back in time, the MTRI HAB algorithm was adapted for use with imagery collected by the SeaWiFS instrument launched in mid-1997. The combination of the SeaWiFS-based HAB product with MTRI's previous MODIS-based HAB product provides a continuous HAB extent dataset from mid-1997 to the present that provides improved historical context for the recent large algal blooms in the Western Basin of Lake Erie. The MODIS and SeaWiFS products will be compared and the longer-term trends in HAB occurrence in the Western Basin as well as Saginaw Bay and Green Bay discussed.
REM: Resource-Efficient Mining for Blockchains. (2017)

Blockchains show promise as potential infrastructure for financial transaction systems. The security of blockchains today, however, relies critically on Proof-of-Work (PoW), which forces participants to waste computational resources.

We present REM (Resource-Efficient Mining), a new blockchain mining framework that uses trusted hardware (Intel SGX). REM achieves security guarantees similar to PoW, but leverages the partially decentralized trust model inherent in SGX to achieve a fraction of the waste of PoW. Its key idea, Proof-of-Useful-Work (PoUW), involves miners providing trustworthy reporting on CPU cycles they devote to inherently useful workloads. REM flexibly allows any entity to create a useful workload. REM ensures the trustworthiness of these workloads by means of a novel scheme of hierarchical attestations that may be of independent interest.

To address the risk of compromised SGX CPUs, we develop a statistics-based formal security framework, also relevant to other trusted-hardware-based approaches such as Intel's Proof of Elapsed Time (PoET). We show through economic analysis that REM achieves less waste than PoET and variant schemes.

We implement REM and, as an example application, swap it into the consensus layer of Bitcoin core. The result is the first full implementation of an SGX-based blockchain. We experiment with four example applications as useful workloads for our implementation of REM, and report a computational overhead of 5-15%.
Electrochemical Characteristics of Anode-supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (2001)

YSZ ( yttria-stabilized zirconia)-modified LSM composite cathodes were fabricated by formation of YSZ film on triple phase boundary (TPB) of LSM/YSZ/gas. The YSZ coating film greatly enlarged electrochemical reaction sites from the increase of additional TPB. The composite cathode was formed on thin YSZ electrolyte (about 30 Um thickness) supported on an anode and then I-V characterization and AC impedance analyses were performed at temperature between . As results of the impedance analysis on the cell at with humidified hydrogen as the fuel and air as the oxidant, R1 around the frequency of 1000 Hz represents the anode Polarization. R2 around the frequency of 100Hz indicates the cathode polarization, and R3 below the frequency of 10 Hz is the resistance of gas phase diffusion through the anode. The cell with the composite cathode produced power density of at air and oxygen atmosphere, respectively. The I-V curve could be divided into two parts showing distinctive behavior. At low current density region (part I) the performance decreased steeply and at high current density region (part II) the performance decreased gradually. At the part I the performance decrease was especially resulted from the large cathode polarization, while at the part H the performance decrease related to the electrolyte polarization.
Deletion of Jak2 Tyrosine Kinase within Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Attenuates Angiotensin II induced Hypertension in Mice (2010)

Angiotensin II (Ang II) AT1 receptors in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) are coupled to the Jak2 signaling pathway. However, the importance of this coupling is poorly understood. We hypothesized that VSMC expression of Jak2 is involved in the pathogenesis of Ang II‐induced hypertension. To test this hypothesis, we used the Cre‐loxP system to specifically ablate Jak2 within the VSMC of mice. This strategy was successful in allowing embryonic survival of mice whose VSMC are devoid of Jak2. Phenotypic analysis of these mice revealed that they have a lower heart to body weight ratio (p&lt;0.05) when compared to littermate controls. The VSMC Jak2 null mice also have a lower baseline mean arterial pressure when compared to littermate controls (97 +/− 6 mm Hg vs. 111 +/− 13 mm Hg). Infusion of Ang II increased mean arterial pressure in both groups. However, the increase in VSMC Jak2 null mice was significantly lower than that observed in the controls (124 +/− 6 mm Hg vs. 156 +/− 15 mm Hg). Furthermore, aortic rings obtained from VSMC Jak2 null mice exhibited a decreased contractile ability in response to Ang II when compared to controls (p&lt;0.05). Collectively, these results suggest that Jak2 is involved in the pathogenesis of Ang II‐induced hypertension and may be an important target in the treatment of cardiovascular disease.