gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cognitive Measurements of Graph Aesthetics (2002)

A large class of diagrams can be informally characterized as node–link diagrams. Typically nodes represent entities, and links represent relationships between them. The discipline of graph drawing is concerned with methods for drawing abstract versions of such diagrams. At the foundation of the discipline are a set of graph aesthetics (rules for graph layout) that, it is assumed, will produce graphs that can be clearly understood. Examples of aesthetics include minimizing edge crossings and minimizing the sum of the lengths of the edges. However, with a few notable exceptions, these aesthetics are taken as axiomatic, and have not been empirically tested. We argue that human pattern perception can tell us much that is relevant to the study of graph aesthetics including providing a more detailed understanding of aesthetics and suggesting new ones. In particular, we find the importance of good continuity (ie keeping multi-edge paths as straight as possible) has been neglected. We introduce a methodology for evaluating the cognitive cost of graph aesthetics and we apply it to the task of finding the shortest paths in spring layout graphs. The results suggest that after the length of the path the two most important factors are continuity and edge crossings, and we provide cognitive cost estimates for these parameters. Another important factor is the number of branches emanating from nodes on the path.
Transformations of 2-[(Methoxy-2-oxoethyl)sulfanyl]-5,6-dihydropyridine under Acid Catalysis: Unexpected Transition to Derivatives of 5,6-Dihydropyridin-2(1H)-one and 2,3,6,7-Tetrahydro-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyridine (2018)

Derivatives of 2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyridine and 5,6-dihydropyridin-2(1H)-one were unexpectedly obtained at treating methyl 2-[(6-methyl-3-ethoxy-5,6-dihydropyridin-2-yl)sulfanyl]-acetate with a dilute solution of hydrochloric acid. Their formation resulted from the hydration of 5,6-dihydropyridine at the C=N bond accompanied with the elimination of a methyl 2-sulfanylacetate molecule and the addition of the methyl 2-sulfanylacetate to the second 5,6-dihydropyridine molecule at the C3=C4 bond followed by the elimination of a methanol molecule and the closure of a thiazole ring.
An improved SAI preconditioning for higher Order FMM implementation (2008)

In this paper, an improved SAI preconditioner is proposed to efficiently solve the EFIE system based on a new set of higher order hierarchical basis functions, which is accelerated by MLFMM. Numerical experiments with a few electromagnetic scattering problems for open structures are given to show the validity and efficiency of the proposed SAI preconditioner.
Large Scale Projects: Planetwide Coalitions Needed (1992)

Taking the Channel Tunnel as an example, there is a need for hard cost-benefit estimates to be made before any large scale project is begun. Long periods of gestation are frequent, high tech is not limited to macrosystems and structured collaboration between governments and other institutions is essential for success. The PAT system, supersonic tube flight and the priority selection of macroprojects are discussed and the establishment of a prototype development group is recommended.
Flow in the aorta and patent ductus arteriosus in infants with aortic atresia or aortic stenosis: a pulsed Doppler ultrasound study. (1986)

We used pulsed Doppler ultrasound to determine the flow dynamics of the aorta and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in 21 infants (ages 1 to 16 days) with PDA and aortic atresia (n = 15) or aortic stenosis (n = 6). The flow within the PDA was recorded in 19, and was right-to-left during systole in all. There was a diastolic left-to-right PDA shunt in 11 patients with aortic atresia and in three with aortic stenosis, and the shunt was associated with large (3 to 11 mm in diameter) interatrial communications. In two patients with aortic atresia and three with aortic stenosis, however, the diastolic PDA shunt was from right to left, and the interatrial communications were small (0 to 2 mm in diameter). The right-to-left diastolic PDA shunting may be best explained by the relative pulmonary (high with left-sided inflow obstruction and a small interatrial communication) and systemic resistances. All patients with aortic atresia and three with aortic stenosis had retrograde systolic flow in the transverse aortic arch, probably resulting from inadequate left ventricular output. Antegrade diastolic flow in the transverse aortic arch toward the PDA was observed in all infants with aortic atresia and a left-to-right PDA shunt. Ascending aortic flow was recorded in 11 patients with aortic atresia, and was retrograde during diastole in each, the result of coronary perfusion. Application of pulsed Doppler ultrasound can lead to a better understanding of the hemodynamics and physiology of patients with congenital cardiovascular disease.
Successful treatment with imatinib after nilotinib and ipilimumab in a c-kit-mutated advanced melanoma patient: a case report (2017)

Treatment of melanoma remains a challenge in advanced disease. Recently, the molecular differentiation in BRAF-mutated, NRAS-mutated and c-kit-mutated melanomas led to new treatment strategies. Different trials show that imatinib or nilotinib lead to meaningful responses in c-kit-mutated melanoma patients. There are little published data on sequential inhibition using these two drugs in melanoma. We describe the sequential use of imatinib after nilotinib in a c-kit-mutated melanoma patient, who progressed on interferon, Allovectin, dacarbazine, nilotinib and ipilimumab, and was finally treated with the c-kit inhibitor imatinib. From July 2011 to September 2011, the patient received ipilimumab (four doses with 3 mg/kg). Clinical assessment after immunotherapy showed disease progression. Therefore, a treatment change to imatinib 800 mg daily was made from February 2012 to May 2013. Under this treatment, the patient showed a partial response as per the RECIST criteria. The present lesions continued responding (computed tomography scans: May 2012-March 2013). Unfortunately, in October 2012, new brain metastases developed. Nevertheless, the use of c-kit inhibitors in c-kit-mutated melanoma patients seems to be a promising treatment option. Furthermore, a delayed response to ipilimumab after 6 months could also have led to or supported the partial response in this case. However, when two biologically similar compounds are administered in a melanoma patient and the tumour mass shows progressive disease upon administration of the first agent, an additional progression with no effect may be expected when the second one is used. This case shows, in contrast, that the use of imatinib after progression upon nilotinib can be beneficial.
The Interpretation of Capillary Pressure Data from Carbonate Reservoirs (1957)

Introduction The theory, measurement, and application of capillary forces in reservoir rock have been treated extensively in the various petroleum publications. These forces are of prime importance in oil production, and data on capillary properties are among the most important tools used in the study of reservoir mechanics. The principal application of measured capillary pressure data by the production and reservoir engineer is in the determination of the initial distribution and mobility of fluids in the reservoir. The distribution refers to the magnitude of the oil and interstitial water saturations under capillary equilibrium conditions and to their variation throughout the reservoir as a result of changes in rock properties and nearness to free water. The magnitude of the water (or oil) saturation, as well as the porosity, is required in volumetric calculations of oil in place. In low permeability reservoirs, where long transition zones are common, the magnitude of the oil content, even below the depth interval where commercial rates of flow of oil can be obtained, must be evaluated since this oil contains energy available to the production of the remainder of the reservoir. The mobility of the water phase is of particular importance in waterflood calculations since mobile water may condemn what would otherwise be a successful water flood. In reservoirs with predominantly small pores, high immobile water contents are possible. Conversely, reservoirs with predominantly large pores may contain mobile water even though the interstitial water contents are relatively low. This presentation reviews the distribution and mobility of interstitial water contents as determined from capillary pressure data and shows typical data for various types of carbonate reservoirs. A discussion of the variations found in different types of carbonate reservoirs is given. Discussion Interpretation of Laboratory Data Fig. 1 is a typical laboratory capillary pressure curve where water saturation as per cent of pore space is plotted vs capillary pressure (psig) for an air-water system. This particular curve was obtained by measurement on a sample of San Andres dolomite with inter granular-type porosity.
Extended domain FWI via time warping (2021)

Summary Overcoming cycle-skipping in Full Waveform Inversion (FWI) is a significant step toward enabling automation in velocity model building. This reduces the demand of acquiring very low frequency data and/or starting the inversion procedure from kinematically accurate models. We present a new FWI method that uses time-warping as the extension domain to overcome cycle-skipping. The warping function dynamically transports the recorded field data to the modeled data and is imposed to represent the actual physical time. Thus, the derived objective function allows the inversion of the two parameters involved, model and time-warping extension, in a single optimization problem, whose solution is provided by the Alternate Direction Method (ADM). The novel FWI objective function enables automatic transition from a pure time-shift problem to a conventional least-squares one. We successfully apply the new FWI method to both synthetic and field data sets to demonstrate its effectiveness starting from inaccurate initial models. Results show the benefits of the new FWI approach in reducing the turnaround time for building high-resolution models from very simple initial velocity models.
Plasmon-Enhanced Photocurrent in a Graphene Nanoconstriction (2011)

The purposes of this study were to examine how hospital patients' backgrounds and clinical illness are related to their perceptions of the individualized care they receive and to test the sensitivity of the Individualized Care Scale (ICS). Cross-sectional explorative survey data were obtained using questionnaires completed by 861 (response rate = 88%) predischarge hospital patients from six hospitals in Southern Finland in 2004. Self-administered questionnaires included the ICS as well as the 15D, a measure of health-related quality of life, and gathered information about the patients' backgrounds. Based on association tests, younger age, poorer state of health, and higher level of education were associated with more critical perceptions of individualized care. Using simultaneous regression analysis and presenting the results from stronger to weaker, we found age to be the strongest predictor of patients' positive perceptions of the individualized care they received. This was followed by health-related quality of life (HRQoL) as measured by the 15D, vocational education, and type of admission. The ICS was found to be a valid tool for the measurement of individualized care in hospitals. The self-reported patient data from this survey suggest that some patient characteristics are associated with the patients' perceptions about the individualized care they receive. There is now a need to consider how these characteristics can be taken into account in nursing care delivery to increase individualized care for hospital patients. The results also support use of the ICS in the measurement of individualized care in hospitals.
Nonradiative recombination centers in deep UV-wavelength AlGaN quantum wells detected by below-gap excitation light (2019)

Abstract Nonradiative recombination (NRR) centers in AlGaN multiple quantum well samples, grown on sapphire substrate at two different growth temperatures by the MOCVD technique, have been studied by using below-gap excitation (BGE) light in photoluminescence (PL) measurements at about 25 K. The PL intensity decreased by the superposition of BGE light of energies between 0.93 and 1.46 eV over above-gap excitation light of energy 4.66 eV. This is explained by a two-level model based on Shockley–Read–Hall statistics. The model indicates the presence of a pair of NRR centers in both samples, which are activated by the BGE. The degree of PL quenching for the sample grown at 1140 °C is higher than that of the sample grown at 1180 °C for BGE energies 0.93, 1.17, and 1.27 eV. The density ratio of 1.5, for the BGE energy of 1.27 eV, was obtained from a qualitative simulation. This result implies that a slight difference in growth conditions changes defect densities.
Supplementary Data from Enhanced Radiosensitivity in Solid Tumors using a Tumor-selective Alkyl Phospholipid Ether Analog (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table 1. List of Antibodies used for Western and IHC. Supplementary Table 2. Plating efficiency (clonogenic assay). Supplementary Table 3. Statistical analysis of tumor growth rates in xenograft experiments (linear mixed effects model with animal-specific random effects). Supplementary Figure 1. CLR127 effect on cell viability (MTT Assay). Supplementary Figure 2. Effect of CLR127 (CLR) and radiation on DNA damage repair by western blot. Supplementary Figure 3. Tumor growth rates of flank xenografts after treatment with radiation, CLR127 or combination therapy.&lt;/p&gt;
Innenrücktitelbild: SO2 Capture Using Porous Organic Cages (Angew. Chem. 32/2021) (2021)

Ein poröser organischer Käfig (POC) mit hoher SO2-Abscheidungskapazität wird von Andrew I. Cooper, Ilich A. Ibarra, Ming Liu et al. im Forschungsartikel auf S. 17697 vorgestellt. Die Hauptquelle für SO2-Emissionen ist die Verbrennung fossiler Brennstoffe; auf alkalischen Wäschern basierende Technologien sind die wichtigsten Entschwefelungsmethoden in der Industrie, die jedoch oft Korrosion verursachen und große Mengen an Abwasser erzeugen. Mit guter Verarbeitbarkeit und nachgewiesener Skalierbarkeit bieten POC-Materialien eine nachhaltigere Option zur SO2-Abscheidung.
Development of a low‐dose fast‐dissolving tablet formulation of Newcastle disease vaccine for low‐cost backyard poultry immunisation (2014)

The immunisation of backyard poultry is critical for maintaining healthy flocks to provide nutrition and income for low-resource farmers worldwide. A vaccine presentation for flocks of less than 50 birds could make it more affordable and accessible, increasing uptake and impact. Fast-dissolving tablets (FDT) of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine were produced by freeze drying the LaSota NDV strain combined with excipients into tablets containing a small number of doses and packaged in polymer blister sheets. The NDV-FDT vaccine maintained virus stability for more than six months at 4°C, based on plaque assay and egg infectivity dose data. Stability was further confirmed in a challenge study, where the tablet vaccine elicited a strong immune response and provided 100 per cent protection to vaccinated chickens infected with a virulent strain of NDV. The vaccine tablet can be diluted in water (no needle or syringe required) and administered either in drinking water or with a dropper via an intraocular and/or intransal route. Results indicate that FDTs containing a small number of doses are a feasible presentation for backyard poultry farmers. The compact packaging of the FDTs will also provide cost savings in storing and distributing the vaccine in the cold chain.
Sliding and fuzzy control of a boost converter using an 8-bit microcontroller (2004)

A two-loop control method for a boost converter, which combines fuzzy and sliding-mode methodologies, is presented. An inner loop controls the inductor current through a sliding surface whose reference signal is given by a slower outer loop. This outer loop employs a fuzzy logic mechanism to implement a PI controller that guarantees output voltage regulation and results in an excellent transient response during start-up. The controller implementation requires standard analogue devices for the inner loop and an inexpensive 8-bit microcontroller for the outer loop. Experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions and show a better dynamic performance than those obtained by means of classical analogue two-loop techniques.
Ashwagandha root extract exerts anti‑inflammatory effects in HaCaT cells by inhibiting the MAPK/NF‑κB pathways and by regulating cytokines (2018)

A paste composed of the boiled leaves and roots of the Ashwagandha plant is used to cure ulcer and swelling in Ayurvedic medicine. However, the effects of the hot water extract of Ashwagandha roots (ASH‑WEX), which is also used in Ayurveda, on skin have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, the present study investigated the anti‑inflammatory activity of ASH‑WEX on skin, by using the human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT. The results indicated that ASH‑WEX significantly inhibited mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)‑8, IL‑6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF‑α), IL‑1β and IL‑12, and promoted the mRNA expression of the anti‑inflammatory cytokine transforming growth factor (TGF)‑β1 in HaCaT cells. In addition, ASH‑WEX inhibited the lipopolysaccharide‑induced phosphorylation of p38 and c‑Jun N‑terminal kinase, as well as the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor (NF)‑κB p65. Downregulation of TNF‑α mRNA and upregulation of TGF‑β1 mRNA were also observed in vivo following ASH‑WEX treatment of mouse skin. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that the anti‑inflammatory effect of ASH‑WEX may be due to its ability to suppress the NF‑κB and mitogen‑activated protein kinase pathways, and to modulate cytokine expression. These results suggest that ASH‑WEX can potentially protect against skin inflammation.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Di- and Trisaccharide Fucoidan Fragments Bearing α-D-Glucuronic Acid Residue∗ (2008)

Abstract The first stereoselective synthesis of disaccharide α -d-GlcA-(1 → 2)-α-l-Fuc-OPr (1), trisaccharide (1 → 3)-α-l-Fuc-[α -d-GlcA-(1 → 2)]-α -l-Fuc-OPr (3), and their selectively O-sulfated derivatives 2 and 4 bearing sulfo-groups at O(4) of the fucose units has been performed. Compounds 1– 4 represent the fragments of the chain of the fucoidan from Cladosiphon okamuranus brown seaweed. Glucuronylation by a series of selectively O-acetylated glucuronyl bromides was studied to obtain the target products. It has been found that 3-O-acetylated donor 6 is the most efficient agent for α -glycoside bond formation that can be connected with intramolecular remote participation of 3-O-acetyl group favoring α-stereoselectivity. Keywords: Fucoidan Cladosiphon okamuranus brown seaweedfucosylationglucuronylation O-sulfation ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant 06-03-33080). We also thank Dr. Yu. E. Tsvetkov for helpful discussions and critical reading of the manuscript. Notes ∗Synthesis, NMR, and Conformational Studies of Fucoidan Fragments. Part 10. For Part 9 see [1].
FPGA/ASIC framework and method for requirements-based trust assessment (2023)

Described herein are various technologies for metrics-based assessment and trust verification of netlists for hardware logic devices (e.g., ASICs, FPGAs, etc.). A computing system translates a netlist of a hardware logic device into a Boolean network. The computing system generates and assigns metrics to edges of the Boolean network. The metrics comprise a coverage metric, a rare trigger metric, and an influence metric. Based upon the metrics, the computing system assigns the nodes in the Boolean network criticality values. The computing system determines a likelihood of a vulnerability in the netlist based upon the criticality values. The computing can output an indication as to whether the netlist is trusted based upon the determined likelihood of a vulnerability in the netlist.
Cetineites: Electronic, optical, and conduction properties of nanoporous chalcogenoantimonates (2000)

The electronic, optical, and conduction properties of the cetineites, a newly discovered class of crystalline nanoporous materials, have been calculated within a full-potential framework using the augmented Fourier components technique in combination with the extended linear augmented plane-wave $\mathbf{k}\ensuremath{\cdot}\mathbf{p}$ method. Photoemission, optical, and conductivity measurements have been performed and the calculated results are in conclusive agreement with all available experimental data. This helps in understanding the semiconducting nature of the cetineites, which is an exceptional property for nanoporous crystals.
Binge Drinking Linked with Post-MI Mortality Risk (2006)

Some studies have shown an association between moderate alcohol consumption and reduced risks for MI and MI-related mortality. In this multicenter,
Fast and accurate deformable contour propagation for intra-fraction adaptive magnetic resonance-guided prostate radiotherapy (2022)

To facilitate full intra-fraction adaptive MR-guided radiotherapy, accurate contour propagation is needed. We aimed to assess the clinical usability of intra-fraction propagated contours by a deformable image registration algorithm in ten prostate cancer patients. Two observers judged the contours on need for manual adaptation and feasibility of adapting contours within 3 min. CTV and bladder contours needed none or only minor editing in most cases (≥ 97%), whereas rectum contours needed more extensive editing in 12-23%. Nevertheless, adaptation times were < 3 min for ≥ 93% of the cases. This paves the way for exploring adaptive workflows using intra-fraction deformable contour propagation.
[The role of the granulocytes in ischemic cardiopathy]. (1994)

Recent studies suggest that granulocytes (PMNs) play a role in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic myocardial ischemia and extension of myocardial injury. Granulocytes can release a variety of mediators tissue injury and synergize with these different mediators, cytokines and other cells resulting in amplification of neutrophil stimulation and rising to additional products with enhanced endothelial injury. Free radicals released by PMNs during ischemia or reperfusion produce deleterious effects on cell membranes, endothelial cells and myocardium. Experience in humans shows the modification of PMNs function in angina and during myocardial ischemia: upon reperfusion PMNs accumulate and produce an inflammatory response leading to endothelial injury. Rabbit derived antiserum dependent-reduction of circulating PMNs in the dog or using monoclonal antibody anti-CD11b/CD18 of PMNs resulted in smaller myocardial infarction. Another aspect of PMNs function is related to leukotriene C4 release; the vasoconstrictor effect of this leukotriene on coronary arteries is synergistic with that induced by platelet-released thromboxane A2, and the decrease in coronary flow produced by the combination of both substances is greater than the sum of changes caused by the two eicosanoids separately administered. The potential role of leukocytes, oxygen radicals, leukotrienes and granulocyte enzymes in the pathophysiology of myocardial injury due to regional ischemia and reperfusion is an area of intense investigation. This overview will not attempt to be exhaustive. Experimental and clinical studies to elucidate these events should not only provide insight into acute and chronic pathologic tissue damage, but may also lead to the identification of important new targets of pharmacologic intervention.