gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identifying protein–protein interactions in somatic hypermutation (2005)

Somatic hypermutation (SHM) in immunoglobulin genes is required for high affinity antibody-antigen binding. Cultured cell systems, mouse model systems, and human genetic deficiencies have been the key players in identifying likely SHM pathways, whereas "pure" biochemical approaches have been far less prominent, but change appears imminent. Here we comment on how, when, and why biochemistry is likely to emerge from the shadows and into the spotlight to elucidate how the somatic mutation of antibody variable (V) regions is generated.
Letter: the definition of budesonide dependence in microscopic colitis—authors’ reply (2017)

Linked Content This article is linked to Cotter et al and Fernández‐Bañares and Gisbert papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14133 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14220 .
Technical Note: 3D localization of lung tumors on cone beam CT projections via a convolutional recurrent neural network (2020)

CRNN is able to provide accurate localization of lung tumors with aid from frequent recalibrations using the conventional cross-correlation-based registration approach, and has the potential to remove reliance on the implanted fiducials.
The liver X receptors. (2005)

The liver X receptors (LXRs), members of the nuclear receptor superfamily, are potential targets for a variety of diseases. While there are many opportunities for the development of LXR-based therapeutics, there are some major hurdles, such as the ability of LXRs to cause hypertriglyceridemia, as well as some species-dependent aspects of LXR-mediated gene regulation. In addition to classical pharmacological approaches using relevant cellular and animal models, systematic molecular-based strategies will be important in overcoming these obstacles.
Na+/K+-ATPase β1-subunit is recruited in Na-K-2Cl co-transporter isoform 2 multiprotein complexes in rat kidneys (2014)

We identify a new NKCC2-interacting partner involved in the modulation of NKCC2 intracellular trafficking and possibly involved in the regulation of blood pressure.
Delayed Puberty in Blinded Anosmic Female Rats: Role of the Pineal Gland1 (1970)

A total of 123 female rats were used to determine the influence of blinding and anosmia, either alone or in combination, on sexual maturation, growth of the reproductive organs, and the activity of the pineal gland. Whereas blinding or anosmia alone caused a statistically insignificant delay in the onset of puberty, when the operations were combined, sexual development and growth of the reproductive organs were severely retarded. The inhibition of sexual maturation in blinded, anosmic rats was prevented if the pineal gland had been removed. The level of the pineal enzyme, hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase, was exaggerated by blinding, but not by anosmia. it is concluded that blinding inhibited sexual development by acting through the pineal; it is further proposed that anosmia, although not acting through the pineal, rendered the site of action of the pineal substance highly sensitive to the antigonadotropic influence.
Contribution of spathulenol to the anti-nociceptive effects of Psidium guineense (2020)

<b>Objectives:</b> Araçá-verdadeiro is the popular name of <i>Psidium guineense</i> (Myrtaceae), whose fruits and leaves are used in Brazilian folk medicine for treatment of inflammation and pain. The focus of the present research was an investigation of the anti-nociceptive, and anti-inflammatory effects of the essential oil from <i>P. guineense</i> (EOPG) leaves, and of spathulenol. The anxiolytic and antidepressive effects associated with chronic pain were also investigated in models of acute or persistent nociception or/and inflammatory pain.<b>Methods and Results:</b> Oral treatment with EOPG (10-100 mg/kg) or spathulenol (10 mg/kg) significantly inhibited formalin-induced nociceptive responses, both sensitivity to cold and edema. Oral treatment with EOPG (10 mg/kg) and spathulenol (10 mg/kg) did not reduce locomotor activity (open field test). Local administration of spathulenol (1000 µg/paw) significantly prevented formalin-induced nociceptive sensitivity to cold and paw edema, and carrageenan-induced mechanical hyperalgesia, paw edema and sensitivity to cold. In the Freund's complete adjuvant (CFA) model, oral treatment with EOPG (10 mg/kg) or spathulenol (10 mg/kg) for 21 days significantly inhibited all analyzed parameters. The percentage maximal inhibition by spathulenol was 76.00% (mechanical hyperalgesia), 71.90% (cold response), 85.00% (edema), 77.16% (myeloperoxidase activity), 97.72% (time in the closed arms in the elevated plus maze), and 49.00% (immobility time in the tail suspension test), in the CFA model. Models employed male <i>Swiss</i> mice, except for the CFA test, which employed C57bL6 male mice (<i>n</i>=6 /group).<b>Conclusion:</b> This study demonstrates that EOPG is an anti-nociceptive and anti-hyperalgesic agent, in acute and continuous treatment, and an anxiolytic and antidepressive agent when tested with the chronic pain experimental state.
The antimicrobial efficacy of silver on antibiotic‐resistant bacteria isolated from burn wounds (2011)

The antibiotic-resistant bacteria are a major concern to wound care because of their ability to resist many of the antibiotics used today to treat infections. Consequently, other antimicrobials, in particular ionic silver, are considered ideal topical agents for effectively helping to manage and prevent local infections. Little is known about the antimicrobial efficacy of ionic silver on antibiotic-resistant bacteria at different pH values. Consequently, in this study our aim was to evaluate the effect of pH on the antimicrobial efficacy of a silver alginate (SA) and a silver carboxymethyl cellulose (SCMC) dressing on antibiotic-resistant bacteria isolated from burn patients. Forty-nine antibiotic-resistant bacteria, including Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium, meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa, MDR Vibrio sp, MDR Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, extended-spectrum ß-lactamase (ESBL) producing Salmonella sp, ESBL producing Klebsiella pneumoniae, ESBL producing Proteus mirabilis, ESBL producing Escherichia coli and MDR Acinetobacter baumannii, routinely isolated from burn wounds were used in the study and evaluated for their susceptibility to two silver containing wound dressings using a standardised antimicrobial efficacy screening assay [corrected zone of inhibition (CZOI)]. The mean overall CZOI for the Gram-positive isolates at a pH of 5·5 were very similar for both dressings. A mean CZOI of 5 mm was recorded for the SCMC dressing, which was slightly higher, at 5·4 mm for the SA dressing. At a pH of 7·0 both dressings, in general, showed a similar activity. However, at a pH of 8·5 the mean CZOI of the SCMC dressing was found to be significantly (P < 0·05) higher than the SA dressing for a select number of isolates. The mean overall CZOI for the Gram-negative bacteria followed a similar pattern as observed with the Gram-positive bacteria. Susceptibility to silver ions did vary significantly between genera and species of bacteria. Interestingly, when pH was changed from 8·5 to 5·5 antimicrobial activity for both dressings in general increased significantly (P < 0·05). Overall, all forty-nine antibiotic-resistant bacteria isolated from burn wounds showed susceptibility to the antimicrobial activity of both silver containing wound dressings over all pH ranges. In addition, the study showed that the performance of both dressings apparently increased when pH became more acidic. The findings in this study may help to further enhance our knowledge of the role pH plays in affecting both bacterial susceptibility and antimicrobial activity of silver containing wound dressings.
Bourdon Gauge Determination of Chemical Equilibrium in the Ge-Cl[sub 2] System (1965)

Bourdon gauge pressure measurements of samples of (g) and (g) plus Ge(s) have been made in the temperature range 300°–1300°K. The pressure change of pure as a function of temperature indicates that it does not dissociate up to 1300°K. The pressure vs. temperature behavior of (g) plus Ge(s) is described by the equilibrium
Execution edge of pit traders and intraday price ranges of soft commodities (2007)

Intraday activity of open outcry pit traders and mechanics of price formation are important for short-term traders, money managers and regulatory bodies. In particular, congestions of stop-loss and limit orders, as well as subsequent highs/lows of the daily prices are among the most important features traders are interested in. We present a comparison of range-based and close-to-open volatility estimators for US-traded soft physical commodities. The comparison indicates that pit traders are able to identify the congestions of pre-placed stop orders, reach them and liquidate on them, or let the prices run. The comparison also suggests a substantial execution edge of soft commodities pit traders compared to currencies traders.
Research on Formula of Cyan UV Inkjet Ink (2013)

UV spectrophotometer was used to measure UV transmittance spectrum of pigment and photo-initiators to identify the light transmitting window of a pigment and photo-initiatorsabsorption peak , then later the types of photo-initiators was determined . In order to determine the optimal assignment of monomers, dispersing agent, defoaming agent and dispersing resin, the uniform design method was supplied to achieve the smallest particle diameter within the range of D95. After the excellent configuration of based ink, the orthogonal design methodwas used to determine the proportion of based ink, photo-initiators, film-forming resin, additives by regarding viscosity, surface tension, curing speed, and color fastness as indicators.
Improving Wind Power Quality using an Integrated Wind Energy Conversion and Storage System (WECSS) (2008)

This paper details the modeling, controller development, simulation and analysis of an integrated 2MW variable-speed Wind Energy Conversion and Storage System (WECSS) in dynamic simulation software PSCAD. The WECSS presented consists of a pitch controlled wind turbine directly driving a 2MW permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG). The PMSG is connected to its host power system via a controlled full-scale power converter system (PCS). The electrical energy storage system comprises of a capacitor bank connected at the PCS DC bus via a full-bridge DC-DC converter. The WECSS exhibits the ability to isolate the grid from wind speed disturbances, as well as the ability to actively absorb wind energy during severe and sustained grid-side fault conditions. The integrated storage system resultantly allows wind power fluctuations to be buffered and grid-side fault tolerance to be enhanced. A further means of enhancing fault tolerance by limiting the energy transferred into the PCS DC bus during fault conditions is also presented. This is achieved with an imposed sub-optimal rotor speed reference. The WECSS presented optimizes wind energy capture, whilst improving wind power quality. The key challenge posed by the integrated WECSS is the design of the resulting multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) supervisory control system.
The carboxy-terminal two-thirds of the cowpea chlorotic mottle bromovirus capsid protein is incapable of virion formation yet supports systemic movement (1997)

Previous investigations into recombination in cowpea chlorotic mottle bromovirus (CCMV) resulted in the recovery of an unusual recombinant virus, 3-57, which caused a symptomless infection of cowpeas but formed no detectable virions. Sequence analysis of cDNA clones derived from 3-57 determined that mutations near the 5' terminus of the capsid protein gene introduced an early translational termination codon. Further mutations introduced a new in-frame start codon that allowed translation of the 3' two-thirds of the capsid protein gene. Based on the mutations observed in 3-57, wild-type CCMV clones were modified to determine if the carboxyl two-thirds of the capsid protein functions independently of the complete protein in long-distance movement. Analysis of these mutants determined that while virion formation is not required for systemic infection, the carboxy-terminal two-thirds of the capsid protein is both required and sufficient for systemic movement of viral RNA. This indicates that the CCMV capsid protein is multifunctional, with a distinct long-distance movement function in addition to its role in virion formation.
Meta-analysis reveals no correlation of caveolin-1 G14713A (G>A) gene polymorphism with increased cancer risk in Taiwanese population. (2018)

We conclude that CAV1 G14713A polymorphism does not contribute as an independent predisposing risk factor for developing cancer in Taiwanese population.
Radar resource management for improved situational awareness (2014)

Radar resource management is often performed based on heuristics, according to the target threat level or on managing the uncertainty in some low-level quantities such as the target position and velocity. These approaches do not address explicitly the requirement for optimal situational awareness. For this reason, we propose performing radar resource management such that the uncertainty in higher level quantities, as for example in target threat level, is managed. In this way, the need for optimal situational awareness can be addressed.
Distributed feedback laser line narrowing with external fiber resonators (1988)

A simple distributed feedback (DFB) laser line narrowing arrangement consisting of an adapted coupler and a cleaved fiber end resonator has been realized. Linewidths below 100 kHz have been obtained for different commercial 1300 nm and 1550 nm DFB lasers.
Synthesis of customised hardware from ADA (1994)

Tools which permit the synthesis of hardware from high-level specifications are vital for reliable design on an acceptable timescale, and are opening up exciting possibilities in the use of custom coprocessors, rapid prototyping and the design of flexible mixed hardware-software systems. We are exploring a method for the translation of standard ADA code into hardware, by compiling ADA into a standard HDL format which can be synthesised by existing commercial packages. This paper sets out our approach of using an Intermediate Table Format (ITF) for high-level transformations and compilation into synthesisable HDL code.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Interleukin 1 and tumour necrosis factor increase phosphorylation of the small heat shock protein (1989)

Interleukin 1 alpha and tumour necrosis factor-alpha stimulated phosphorylation of three 27 kDa phosphoproteins in MRC-5 fibroblasts which was sustained for up to 2 h after adding the cytokines. All three phosphoproteins were immunoprecipitated by a specific antiserum to the small mammalian heat shock protein, hsp 27. The three phosphoproteins from stimulated or control cells contained phosphoserine but not phosphothreonine or phosphotyrosine. Similar increases in phosphorylation of immunoprecipitable 27 kDa proteins were seen in U937 cells stimulated by TNF alpha and Hep G2 cells stimulated by IL1 alpha.
Energy dissipation distributions and dissipative atomic processes in amplitude modulation atomic force microscopy (2012)

Instantaneous and average energy dissipation distributions in the nanoscale due to short and long range interactions are described. We employ both a purely continuous and a semi-discrete approach to analyze the consequences of this distribution in terms of rate of heat generation, thermal flux, adhesion hysteresis, viscoelasticity and atomic dissipative processes. The effects of peak values are also discussed in terms of the validity of the use of average values of power and energy dissipation. Analytic expressions for the instantaneous power are also derived. We further provide a general expression to calculate the effective area of interaction for fundamental dissipative processes and relate it to the energy distribution profile in the interaction area. Finally, a semi-discrete approach to model and interpret atomic dissipative processes is proposed and shown to lead to realistic values for the atomic bond dissipation and viscoelastic atomic processes.
Photocurable Hybrid Materials with High Magnetodielectric Coupling (2023)

Magnetodielectric materials are highly interesting in the scope of Internet of Things (IoT)-related devices such as antennas, sensors, and actuators, as they allow the magnetic control of the dielectric response. Among the different possible methods for their development, the combination of photocurable polymers and magnetic nanoparticles allows more sustainable processes with high production velocities, room processing temperature, and the capability to fabricate a large variety of specific shapes with high resolution. In this context, photocurable magnetic hybrid materials based on polyurethane acrylate (PUA) and on different magnetic micro- and nanoparticles, including cobalt ferrite oxide (CFO), magnetite (Fe3O4), and a neodymium iron boron alloy (NdFeB), have been developed. The influence of filler type and content on the photopolymerization process, sample morphology, physicochemical properties, electrical conductivity, and magnetic properties has been investigated. Filler dispersion has also been studied by neutron scattering techniques, enabling the determination of the organization of the filler aggregates, which plays an essential role in the overall characteristics of the composites. Materials with maximum magnetodielectric coefficients (MD %) as large as 28% have been obtained for the sample with 6% NdFeB filler content, making these magnetic composites of paramount interest for the fabrication of magnetodielectric devices in the context of the digital transition.
Selection parameters associated with essential oil yield comprise genetic and chemical diversity and the morphological expression of photosynthetic efficient agronomical traits in Vetiver (Chrysopogon zizanioides Roberty) (2021)

Using Mahalanobis D2-statistics and eleven of the most economically important features, the nature and extent of genetic divergence in eighty vetiver genotypes were evaluated. The vetiver underwent Mahalanobis D2 analysis, which found a significant level of variety. Nine clusters were formed from the genotypes. Cluster I had the most genotypes (56), followed by cluster II (6), III (5), IV (3), V (3), VI (2), VII (2), VIII (2), and IX (2), with one in cluster IX. Cluster III genotypes had the highest average divergence ( =52.51), followed by cluster IV ( =49.59) and cluster VII ( =45.46). Cluster III and VII (D2=85.52), Cluster IV and Cluster VII (D2=81.04), and Cluster IV and IX (D2=73.11) had the highest inter-cluster distances, implying that the genotypes found in these clusters could be utilized for future breeding programmes. The significant contributors to genetic divergence were α-vetivone, essential oil yield, photosynthetic rate/net CO2 assimilation rate, and transpiration rate, respectively. These varieties, such as Nos. 70, 25, 60, 15, 6, and 3 can be used to create commercial vetiver varieties.
Bias in Data-driven AI Systems -- An Introductory Survey (2020)

AI-based systems are widely employed nowadays to make decisions that have far-reaching impacts on individuals and society. Their decisions might affect everyone, everywhere and anytime, entailing concerns about potential human rights issues. Therefore, it is necessary to move beyond traditional AI algorithms optimized for predictive performance and embed ethical and legal principles in their design, training and deployment to ensure social good while still benefiting from the huge potential of the AI technology. The goal of this survey is to provide a broad multi-disciplinary overview of the area of bias in AI systems, focusing on technical challenges and solutions as well as to suggest new research directions towards approaches well-grounded in a legal frame. In this survey, we focus on data-driven AI, as a large part of AI is powered nowadays by (big) data and powerful Machine Learning (ML) algorithms. If otherwise not specified, we use the general term bias to describe problems related to the gathering or processing of data that might result in prejudiced decisions on the bases of demographic features like race, sex, etc.
Automatic FIB-SEM Preparation of Straight Pillars for Micro-Compression Testing (2016)

Journal Article Automatic FIB-SEM Preparation of Straight Pillars for Micro-Compression Testing Get access Tobias Volkenandt, Tobias Volkenandt Carl Zeiss Microscopy GmbH, Oberkochen, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Alexandre Laquerre, Alexandre Laquerre Fibics Incorporated, Ottawa, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Michal Postolski, Michal Postolski Carl Zeiss Microscopy GmbH, Oberkochen, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Fabian Perez-Willard Fabian Perez-Willard Carl Zeiss Microscopy GmbH, Oberkochen, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Microscopy and Microanalysis, Volume 22, Issue S3, 1 July 2016, Pages 190–191, https://doi.org/10.1017/S143192761600180X Published: 25 July 2016
Barstar Has a Highly Dynamic Hydrophobic Core:  Evidence from Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Relaxation Data (1998)

The dynamic behavior of the ribonuclease inhibitor barstar has been investigated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in explicit water. Two 2.5 ns MD simulations were performed, and an ensemble of 25 000 structures was generated. This ensemble reproduces the solution structures and is consistent with the experimental structural restraints from NMR spectroscopy. Reorientation of the backbone NH bond vectors and side chain methyl groups was monitored by calculation of autocorrelation functions and the generalized S2 order parameters. Order parameters derived for motion in the approximately 100 ps time scale were compared with those obtained from NMR relaxation measurements. Consistent with experiment, the backbone NH bond vectors were relatively rigid. In contrast, the side chain methyl groups exhibited a wide dynamic range, from restricted motion comparable to that of the backbone to rapid unrestricted motion. The order parameters for the methyl groups correlate well with their spatial separation from the backbone and are residue-type dependent. Smaller S2axis values were observed for leucine methyl groups, in part due to side chain hopping between two predominant rotamers (g+t and tg-). Motions such as the flipping of aromatic rings and the hopping of leucine side chains were prevalent within the hydrophobic core, suggesting that the core is fluid-like with low energy barriers between native conformational substates. Thus, our studies suggest that the entropy of the native state can be significant and should not be discounted in thermodynamic considerations of protein folding. On the basis of our results, the side chain motion represents the primary source of the residual entropy of the native state and entropic considerations based solely on backbone dynamics would be incomplete.