gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Videos for paper "Bifunctional Co-based Catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis: Descriptors affecting the product distribution" (2020)

Videos reconstructed from 3D transmission electron tomography data of Co/zeolite bifunctional catalysts. Both video files supplement the publication by Straß-Eifert, van der Wal, Hernandez Mejia, Weber, Yoshida, Zecevic, de Jong, and Güttel, Bifunctional Co-based Catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis: Descriptors affecting the product distribution, ChemCatChem, 2021, accepted April 6, 2021, doi:10.1002/cctc.202100270. File 'CoatHZSM5-small.avi' refers to material 'Co@HZSM5-HT' in Figure 4 (subfigures 1.1 - 1.4) of the original publication. File 'CoatmHZSM5-small.avi' refers to material 'Co@mHZSM5-HT' in Figure 4 (subfigures 2.1 - 2.4) of the original publication.
Real time quick-look analysis for the OGO satellites (1964)

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration has designed a series of general purpose orbiting satellites which have the family name of Orbiting Geophysical Observatory (OGO). Each of these satellites is capable of carrying up to 50 scientific experiment devices, which transmit data to ground stations via a common telemetry channel. There are two tracking stations, at Rosman, North Carolina, and Fairbanks, Alaska, which will receive this telemetry, transmitting it to Central Control at Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, at a data rate of up to 64 KC.
Treatment of early and late kainic acid‐induced status epilepticus with the noncompetitive AMPA receptor antagonist GYKI 52466 (2009)

Noncompetitive AMPA receptor antagonists represent a promising approach for early treatment of status epilepticus; they may also be effective at later times when there is refractoriness to benzodiazepines.
NADPH-diaphorase localization in the olfactory system (1994)

NADPH-diaphorase staining was studied in the intact olfactory system and following transections of the olfactory nerve. Intense staining was found in the olfactory epithelia of rat and salamander, especially at the mucosal surface. The olfactory bulb nerve and glomerular layers were also stained. Transection of the olfactory nerve in salamander, or bulbectomy in rat, resulted in decreased staining at the mucosal surface, although staining increased in cells deeper in the epithelium. Deafferentation also caused the disappearance of staining in the olfactory nerve and glomerular layers of the bulb. These results support the notion of a role for NADPH in the olfactory system, perhaps as a biosynthesis substrate for NO modulation of cGMP in the developing epithelium and a complementary role for CO in the adult.
A Nonparametric VSS NLMS Algorithm (2006)

The aim of a variable step size normalized least-mean-square (VSS-NLMS) algorithm is to try to solve the conflicting requirement of fast convergence and low misadjustment of the NLMS algorithm. Numerous VSS-NLMS algorithms can be found in the literature with a common point for most of them: they may not work very reliably since they depend on several parameters that are not simple to tune in practice. The objective of this letter is twofold. First, we explain a simple and elegant way to derive VSS-NLMS-type algorithms. Second, a new nonparametric VSS-NLMS is proposed that is easy to control and gives good performances in the context of acoustic echo cancellation
Ligustilide Suppresses the Biological Properties of Danggui Buxue Tang: A Chinese Herbal Decoction Composed of Radix Astragali and Radix Angelica sinensis (2009)

Danggui Buxue Tang (DBT), a herbal decoction composed of Radix Astragali (RA) and Radix Angelica sinensis (RAS), has been used for treating menopausal irregularity in women for more than 800 years in China. According to the old tradition, RAS had to be processed with yellow wine before DBT preparation, which markedly reduced the amount of ligustilide in RAS and DBT, as well as enhanced the bioactivities of DBT. Here, we hypothesized that ligustilide would be an ingredient that possessed suppressive effects on DBT's functions. In the presence of ligustilide, the amount of astragaloside IV, calycosin, formononetin, and total polysaccharides extracted from RA were decreased. An increase of ligustilide caused a decrease of DBT's osteogenic activity in stimulating proliferation and differentiation of cultured bone cells. In addition, in the presence of a high level of ligustilide, DBT caused a side effect inducing the proliferation of breast MCF-7 cells. The current results strongly suggest that ligustilide is a negative regulator that hinders DBT to achieve its biological efficacy, which supports the traditional practice of preparing DBT using the ethanol-treated RAS.
Muscle Force Estimation during Swallowing based on Musculoskeletal Model and sEMG Measurement (2017)

Swallowing is a process for transporting food from mouth to stomach. However, it is complicated as it requires precise neuromuscular coordination among muscles. Dysfunction of any muscle may cause dysphagia and leads to aspiration pneumonia, especially in oropharyngeal phase of swallowing. In this study, we focus on the muscle activities in oropharyngeal phase and developed a musculoskeletal model containing hyoid bone, thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage. Individual muscle force was estimated by inverse dynamics computation and optimization with knowledge of the anatomy and mechanical properties of muscle. The estimation results were then compared with the results of sEMG measurement and previous studies.
Numerical Elucidation of Flow and Dispersion in Ordered Packed Beds: Nonspherical Polygons and the Effect of Particle Overlap on Chromatographic Performance (2019)

Spherical particles are widely considered as the benchmark stationary phase for preparative and analytical chromatography. Although this has proven true for randomly packed beds in the past, we challenge this paradigm for ordered packings, the fabrication of which are now feasible through additive manufacturing (3D printing). Using computational fluid dynamics (Lattice Boltzmann Method) this work shows that nonspherical particles can both reduce mobile-phase band broadening and increase permeability compared with spheres in ordered packed beds. In practice, ordered packed beds can only remain physically stable if the particles are fused to form a contiguous matrix, thus creating a positional overlap at the points of fusion between what would otherwise be discrete particles. Overlap is shown to decrease performance of ordered packed beds in all observed cases, thus we recommend it should be kept to the minimum extent necessary to ensure physical stability. Finally, we introduce a metric to estimate column performance, the mean deviated velocity, a quantitative description of the spread of the velocity field in the column. This metric appears to be a good indicator of mobile-phase dispersion in ordered packed bed media, including overlapped beds, and is a useful tool for screening new stationary-phase morphologies without having to perform computationally expensive simulations.
Purification and properties of methyl formate synthase, a mitochondrial alcohol dehydrogenase, participating in formaldehyde oxidation in methylotrophic yeasts (1997)

Methyl formate synthase, which catalyzes methyl formate formation during the growth of methylotrophic yeasts, was purified to homogeneity from methanol-grown Candida boidinii and Pichia methanolica cells. Both purified enzymes were tetrameric, with identical subunits with molecular masses of 42 to 45 kDa, containing two atoms of zinc per subunit. The enzymes catalyze NAD(+)-linked dehydrogenation of the hydroxyl group of the hemiacetal adduct [CH2(OH)OCH3] of methanol and formaldehyde, leading to the formation of a stoichiometric amount of methyl formate. Although neither methanol nor formaldehyde alone acted as a substrate for the enzymes, they showed simple NAD(+)-linked alcohol dehydrogenase activity toward aliphatic long-chain alcohols such as octanol, showing that they belong to the class III alcohol dehydrogenase family. The methyl formate synthase activity of C. boidinii was found in the mitochondrial fraction in subcellular fractionation experiments, suggesting that methyl formate synthase is a homolog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Adh3p. These results indicate that formaldehyde could be oxidized in a glutathione-independent manner by methyl formate synthase in methylotrophic yeasts. The significance of methyl formate synthase in both formaldehyde resistance and energy metabolism is also discussed.
Development of a New Max-Min Compositional Rule of Inference in Control Systems (2004)

Generally, Max-Min CRI (Compositional Rule of Inference ) method by Zadeh and Mamdani is used in the conventional fuzzy inference. However, owing to the problems of Max-Min CRI method, the inference often results in significant error regions specifying the difference between the desired outputs and the inferred outputs. In this paper, I propose a New Max-Min CRI method which can solve some problems of the conventional Max-Min CRI method. And then this method is simulated in a D.C.series motor, which is a bench marking system in control systems, and showed that the new method performs better than the other fuzzy inference methods.
Expression of Candidate Pro-GnRH Processing Enzymes in Rat Hypothalamus and an Immortalized Hypothalamic Neuronal Cell Line (1995)

Since gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH, also referred to as LHRH) is a major hormone regulating mammalian reproduction, identification of the processing steps involved in the conversion of the pro-LHRH to LHRH is fundamental to our understanding of its physiology. Extracts from immortalized LHRH neurons (GT1) were used to isolate the pro-LHRH intermediate products and to identify the enzymes which may participate in these conversions. The GT1 cells contain and secrete a pro-LHRH species that elutes at approximately 10,000-12,000 molecular weight. The pro-LHRH is metabolized to various N- and C-terminally modified LHRH products and to gonadotropin-releasing hormone-associated peptide (GAP). Analyses of these intermediates suggests that, at least, four different enzymatic steps are involved in pro-LHRH processing. Northern blot analyses reveal that prohormone convertase 2 (PC2), carboxypeptidase E, glutaminyl cyclase, and peptidyl-glycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase are expressed in the GT1 cells and rat hypothalamus. PC2 immunoreactivity is localized to the perikarya and beaded axon-like processes of these cells. SDS-PAGE analyses indicate that PC2 is biosynthesized, processed and secreted by the immortalized LHRH neurons. Our results indicate that the GT1 cell line may serve as a useful model to study the regulation of pro-LHRH processing and that it may also represent an important tool for dissecting the molecular and cellular basis of mammalian reproduction.
Oxidation Kinetics of Silicon Nitride Ceramics: Influences of the Crystallisation and Additive Enrichment in the Oxide Scale (1997)

Cet article decrit les effets de la cristallisation et de l'enrichissement en ajout de la couche d'oxyde sur les cinetiques de l'oxydation passive. Il montre que les energies d'activation apparentes, usuellement deduites de la loi de croissance parabolique, doivent etre plus grandes que l'energie d'activation du processus diffusionnel limitant au sein de la couche amorphe, des lors que les impuretes ioniques diffusent a travers le film oxyde. Il explique aussi sous quelles conditions la croissance du revetement d'oxyde pourrait evoluer d'un regime parabolique vers un regime non-parabolique et se ralentir a haute temperature. Une methode directe de calcul est proposee et utilisee pour la determination de la diffusivite des especes reactives et du degre de cristallinite de la couche d'oxyde.
Adaptation aux changements climatiques et trames vertes : quels enjeux pour la ville? (2012)

Face aux menaces liées au changement global, dont le réchauffement climatique est une manifestation, et au moment où la population urbaine dépasse en nombre la population rurale, une nouvelle gestion de l'espace urbain se met en place. Celle passe notamment par la (re)qualification des espaces verts, auxquels on assigne le rôle d’être à la fois des pourvoyeurs de systèmes écosystémiques et des lieux où les citadins renouent avec la « nature ». Que ces espaces verts soient considérés comme paysage culturel ou comme infrastructure urbaine, ils apparaissent comme un nouveau terrain d’investigation à toutes les échelles d’intervention. Associer le climat, l’urbain et la nature dans une même réflexion devient aujourd’hui un enjeu majeur. Les articles de ce Hors-série de [VertigO], coordonné par Philippe Boudes (LADYSS; Gis Climat) et Morgane Colombert (École des Ingénieurs de la Ville de Paris), vous invitent à cette réflexion portée dans le cadre du programme de recherche Changement Climatique et Trame Verte urbaine du Groupement d’intérêt scientifique Climat Environnement Société.
Deep center related to hydrogen and carbon in p-type silicon (1995)

We have found a hole trap related to hydrogen and carbon in p-type crystalline silicon after hydrogen and deuterium injection by chemical etching and plasma exposure. It was found from deep-level transient spectroscopy that this center is located at 0.33 eV above the valence band and shows no Poole–Frenkel effect in electric fields lower than 6×103 V/cm. The depth profiling technique using deep-level transient spectroscopy indicated that this center is distributed over the range 1–7 μm from the surface with densities of 1011–1013 cm−3, depending on the hydrogenation method. On the other hand, secondary ions mass spectroscopy revealed that the majority of deuterium injected into silicon exists within a much shallower region less than 60 nm from the surface with higher densities of 1018–1020 cm−3. We have therefore concluded that the majority of injected hydrogen stays in the near-surface region probably in the form of a molecule and larger clusters and only the minority diffuses into the bulk in an atomic form to form an electrically active complex with carbon. We performed annealing experiments to investigate the thermal stability of the complex. It was stable in the dark up to 100 °C, above which it was completely annihilated in first-order kinetics with an activation energy of about 1.7 eV. The illumination of band gap light with and without a reverse bias at room temperature and at 50 °C induced no effect on the stability of the trap. This is contrast to the photoinduced annihilation of a recently observed electron trap related also to hydrogen and carbon and with comparable thermal stability in n-type silicon. These similarities and differences between the two traps and the comparison of the present results with the recently published theoretical calculations of the total energy of hydrogen configurations in the hydrogen-carbon complex suggest that the previously observed electron trap and the presently observed hole trap arise from two different defects with similar origins and structures and are tentatively ascribed to the electronic states of ‘‘bond-centered’’ and ‘‘anti-bonding of carbon’’ configurations of hydrogen in the hydrogen-carbon complex, respectively.
Brain Adipocytokine Action and Metabolic Regulation (2006)

Adipose tissue secretes factors that control various physiological systems. The fall in leptin during fasting mediates hyperphagia and suppresses thermogenesis, thyroid and reproductive hormones, and immune system. On the other hand, rising leptin levels in the fed state stimulate fatty acid oxidation, decrease appetite, and limit weight gain. These divergent effects of leptin occur through neuronal circuits in the hypothalamus and other brain areas. Leptin also regulates the activities of enzymes involved in lipid metabolism, e.g., AMP-activated protein kinase and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1, and also interacts with insulin signaling in the brain. Adiponectin enhances fatty acid oxidation and insulin sensitivity, in part by stimulating AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylation and activity in liver and muscle. Moreover, adiponectin decreases body fat by increasing energy expenditure and lipid catabolism. These effects involve peripheral and possibly central mechanisms. Adipose tissue mediates interconversion of steroid hormones and secretes proinflammatory cytokines, vasoactive peptides, and coagulation and complement proteins. Understanding the actions of these "adipocytokines" will provide insight into the pathogenesis and treatment of obesity and related diseases.
Comparison of woven and stitched out-of-autoclave E-glass/epoxy composites subjected to quasi-static and cyclic tensile loads (2020)

Tensile quasi-static and fatigue behaviors of out-of-autoclave, quasi-isotropic, E-glass/epoxy composites with woven and stitched fiber architectures are compared. Some specimens were cyclically loaded to failure, while others were tested for residual modulus and ultimate strength. Both laminates survived 10 7 cycles at a maximum stress of 94.8 MPa but failed prior to 10 7 cycles at a maximum stress greater than or equal to 124.1 MPa. For the stress-lifetime diagram and residual strength, the woven laminate had superior properties below 10 4 cycles and the stitched laminate had superior properties above 10 5 cycles. While intralaminar crack density was higher in the stitched laminate, the woven laminate demonstrated a higher percentage of delaminated area.
Intensity-based segmentation of microarray images (2003)

The underlying principle in microarray image analysis is that the spot intensity is a measure of the gene expression. This implicitly assumes the gene expression of a spot to be governed entirely by the distribution of the pixel intensities. Thus, a segmentation technique based on the distribution of the pixel intensities is appropriate for the current problem. In this paper, clustering-based segmentation is described to extract the target intensity of the spots. The approximate boundaries of the spots in the microarray are determined by manual adjustment of rectilinear grids. The distribution of the pixel intensity in a grid containing a spot is assumed to be the superposition of the foreground and the local background. The k-means clustering technique and the partitioning around medoids (PAM) were used to generate a binary partition of the pixel intensity distribution. The median (k-means) and the medoid (PAM) of the cluster members are chosen as the cluster representatives. The effectiveness of the clustering-based segmentation techniques was tested on publicly available arrays generated in a lipid metabolism experiment (Callow et al., 2000). The results are compared against those obtained using the region-growing approach (SPOT) (Yang et al., 2001). The effect of additive white Gaussian noise is also investigated.
TMIC-62. INHIBITION OF TUMOR-ASSOCIATED COL1A1 MATRIX ARRESTS GLIOMA MESENCHYMAL TRANSFORMATION AND REPROGRAMS THE TUMOR MICROENVIRONMENT (2022)

Abstract Tumor mesenchymal transformation (MT) is a hallmark of high-grade gliomas. The mesenchymal state is associated with specific changes related to cell adhesion, migration, and the extracellular matrix. Collagen 1a1 (COL1A1) is a main component of the extracellular matrix in gliomas, and its expression correlates inversely with patient survival. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of the tumor-associated COL1A1 matrix in gliomas remains elusive. Our study integrates histopathological features, spatially resolved transcriptomics, cellular dynamics and microenvironment alterations associated with MT in high-grade gliomas. Using deep learning analysis of mouse and human glioma histological samples we identified that the density of areas of MT, named oncostreams, correlates with tumor aggressiveness. Spatial transcriptomics analysis, using laser capture microdissection, identified a signature enriched in extracellular matrix related proteins, in which COL1A1 appeared as a key determinant of mesenchymal organization. Correspondingly, human and mouse high-grade gliomas showed prominent alignment of collagen fibers along these mesenchymal fascicles and higher COL1A1 expression compared to low-grade gliomas. Moreover, RNA fluorescent multiplex assays identified at single cell level that different cells within glioma tumors contribute to COL1A1 expression, including neoplastic cells and perivascular non-neoplastic cells such as ACTA2+, CYR61+ and FAP+. Inhibition of COL1A1 using genetically engineered mouse models decreased areas of mesenchymal transformation and increased survival. COL1A1 downregulation impaired tumor cell proliferation and remodeled the tumor microenvironment by reducing CD68+ macrophages/microglia cells, CD31+ endothelial cells, ACTA2+, CYR61+ and FAP+ perivascular cells, and increased GFAP+ astrocytes infiltration withing the tumor mass. Further studies, using ex-vivo glioma explants demonstrated that CO1A1 downregulation decreased collective invasion of the normal brain, supporting its importance in tumor progression. We propose that COL1A1 expression is a valuable marker for diagnosis, and COL1A1 depletion within glioma tumors is a promising direct or complementary therapeutic approach to reprogram mesenchymal transformation, and halt tumor growth.
Progression and Continuity in Early Childhood Education: Tensions and contradictions (1999)

Abstract This article focuses on the current policy context in early childhood education in England and Wales. The provision of high quality preschool education is regarded internationally as a significant factor in raising educational standards. Such aspirations are dependent on achieving effective patterns of continuity and progression from preschool to school. Despite the centrality of these terms in policy rhetoric progression and continuity are disputed and under‐conceptualized concepts. Furthermore, there is a dearth of empirical studies that explore the relationships between progression in learning and progression in the curriculum. The central aim of this article is to clarify some of the tensions and contradictions inherent in current conceptions of progression and continuity, drawing on perspectives from theory, policy and practice. These perspectives suggest that achieving progression and continuity through curricula which secure high quality outcomes is a difficult and, potentially, elusive aspiration. In theoretical terms, assumptions about progression in learning vary according to different orientations. In policy terms, the current subject‐oriented curriculum framework assumes that progression is an issue of content, and is based on the structures of the subjects. Research evidence indicates that educators in different settings are experiencing problems in providing the conditions which might achieve effective patterns of progression and continuity. The authors identify three key areas for further research in order to advance the development of theories of progression and continuity which might usefully inform policy, practice and curriculum development.
Process for the conversion of cyclic amines into lactams (2012)

Converting cyclic amines to lactams using gold supported catalysts.