gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The bactericidal, fungicidal and sporicidal properties of hydrogen peroxide and peracetic acid (1983)

The antimicrobial properties of aqueous solutions of peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide have been compared. Peracetic acid exhibited excellent antimicrobial properties, especially under acidic conditions. Reductions by a factor of 10(6) in the numbers of vegetative bacteria are obtained within 1 min at 25 degrees C using a solution containing 1.3 mmol/l of peracetic acid. Rapid activity against bacterial spores and yeasts also occurs. Hydrogen peroxide is more effective as a sporicide than as a bactericide, with sporicidal action being obtained using a solution containing 0.88 mol/l. Bactericidal action is poor but hydrogen peroxide was bacteriostatic at concentrations above 0.15 mmol/l.
Structural and Electronic Properties of Oxidized Graphene (2009)

We have systematically investigated the effect of oxidation on the structural and electronic properties of graphene based on first-principles calculations. Energetically favorable atomic configurations and building blocks are identified, which contain epoxide and hydroxyl groups in close proximity with each other. Different arrangements of these units yield a local-density approximation band gap over a range of a few eV. These results suggest the possibility of creating and tuning the band gap in graphene by varying the oxidation level and the relative amount of epoxide and hydroxyl functional groups on the surface.
Differential electronic detector to monitor apoptosis using dielectrophoresis-induced translation of flowing cells (dielectrophoresis cytometry) (2013)

The instrument described here is an all-electronic dielectrophoresis (DEP) cytometer sensitive to changes in polarizability of single cells. The important novel feature of this work is the differential electrode array that allows independent detection and actuation of single cells within a short section ([Formula: see text]) of the microfluidic channel. DEP actuation modifies the altitude of the cells flowing between two altitude detection sites in proportion to cell polarizability; changes in altitude smaller than 0.25 μm can be detected electronically. Analysis of individual experimental signatures allows us to make a simple connection between the Clausius-Mossotti factor (CMF) and the amount of vertical cell deflection during actuation. This results in an all-electronic, label-free differential detector that monitors changes in physiological properties of the living cells and can be fully automated and miniaturized in order to be used in various online and offline probes and point-of-care medical applications. High sensitivity of the DEP cytometer facilitates observations of delicate changes in cell polarization that occur at the onset of apoptosis. We illustrate the application of this concept on a population of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells that were followed in their rapid transition from a healthy viable to an early apoptotic state. DEP cytometer viability estimates closely match an Annexin V assay (an early apoptosis marker) on the same population of cells.
Laser surface engineering of titanium diboride coatings (2000)

Laser surface engineering (LSE) is a surface modification process in which a high-power laser beam melts a ceramic powder precursor along with a thin layer of the substrate to produce a laser melt zone. High cooling rates (10{sup 3} to 10{sup 8} K/sec) produce metastable phases by exceeding the solid solubility limit of the equilibrium phase diagram. This leads to the possibility of a wide variety of microstructures having novel properties that cannot be produced by any conventional processing technique. This article explains the LSE process as it relates to formation of titanium diboride coatings, describes the properties of the coatings, and lists potential applications.
Development of the Wide-Band Noise Siren (1961)

The wide-band noise siren principle [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 31, 116 (1959)] has been further evaluated in two different, experimental siren designs with various loading arrangements. Acoustic power output, efficiency, power spectrum, and amplitude distribution of the noise generated by the various models will be discussed as a function of the flow conditions. Although the over-all efficiency of the small models discussed here (power output approximately 5 kw) is still slightly below 10%, experimental separation of the losses involved suggests that for a siren without air leakage and otherwise similar parameters efficiencies of approximately 30% should be attainable. It appears that the efficiency of the wide-band noise siren could be close to the efficiency of a pure-tone siren and in the same range as the efficiency of a siren producing sinusoidal waveform with amplitude modulation. Wideband noise sirens with 20-kw output have been built at other places and a 50-kw siren is presently under development. The wide-band noise siren appears to fill the long-felt gap for economical, realistic, and high-intensity jet and rocket noise simulation.
Cadherin-11 Is a Regulator of Intestinal Fibrosis (2019)

Data show that CDH-11 expression is up-regulated in inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] and suggest a role for this protein in the control of intestinal fibrosis.
Versatile protein tagging in cells with split fluorescent protein (2016)

In addition to the popular method of fluorescent protein fusion, live cell protein imaging has now seen more and more application of epitope tags. The small size of these tags may reduce functional perturbation and enable signal amplification. To address their background issue, we adapt self-complementing split fluorescent proteins as epitope tags for live cell protein labelling. The two tags, GFP11 and sfCherry11 are derived from the eleventh β-strand of super-folder GFP and sfCherry, respectively. The small size of FP11-tags enables a cost-effective and scalable way to insert them into endogenous genomic loci via CRISPR-mediated homology-directed repair. Tandem arrangement FP11-tags allows proportional enhancement of fluorescence signal in tracking intraflagellar transport particles, or reduction of photobleaching for live microtubule imaging. Finally, we show the utility of tandem GFP11-tag in scaffolding protein oligomerization. These experiments illustrate the versatility of FP11-tag as a labelling tool as well as a multimerization-control tool for both imaging and non-imaging applications.
Serpentine microfluidic structures for concentration gradient generators (2016)

This paper presents microfluidic concentration gradient generator having tree-like structures with implementation of laminar flow concept and small-scale mixing through diffusion inside its microchannel. The microchannels aim for constant flow rate at each outlet and is achieved by optimizing the channel lengths. The generation of concentration gradients is achieved at the outlet by simply tuning the flow rate and geometries of the microfluidics network. Variations in channel dimension and geometry demonstrates possible combinations of the microfluidics network is simulated using circuit simulator, PSpice and computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analysis software, Fluent 14.5. Next, PDMS-based microfluidic chips are fabricated by using soft lithography technique. The simulation and experimental results showed that the prominent mixing behaviour can be obtained inside the serpentine channels with constant flow rate at each outlet.
<title>Vibratory response modeling and verification of a high-precision optical positioning system</title> (1999)

A generic vibratory-response modeling program has been developed as a tool for designing high-precision optical positioning systems. Based on multibody dynamics theory, the system is modeled as rigid-body structures connected by linear elastic elements, such as complex actuators and bearings. The full dynamic properties of each element are determined experimentally or theoretically, then integrated into the program as inertial and stiffness matrices. Utilizing this program, the theoretical and experimental verification of the vibratory behavior of a double- multiplier monochromator support and positioning system is presented. Results of parametric design studies that investigate the influence of support floor dynamics and highlight important design issues are also presented. Overall, good matches between theory and experiment demonstrate the effectiveness of the program as a dynamic modeling tool.
Angiotensin I–Converting Enzyme in a Suprasellar Germinoma (1987)

High levels of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) were found by both direct radioimmunoassay and enzyme activity evaluation in a patient's plasma that had suprasellar germinoma. ACE levels returned to normal values after surgery, suggesting the tumor was the cause of the elevated plasma ACE. ACE was found in the tumor, and ACE activity was measured in a tumor extract. With the use of specific antihuman ACE antibodies, ACE was localized by immunohistochemistry in the tumoral germinal cells. Because ACE was also found in testicular germinomas, it appears to be a possible marker for germ cell tumors.
Thermal Distortion Analyses of a Three-Meter Inflatable Reflectarray Antenna (2003)

Gossamer space structures are relatively large, flimsy, and lightweight. As a result, they are more easily affected or degraded by space thermal environments compared to other space structures. This study examines the structural integrity of a three-meeter Ka-band inltable/self-rigidizable reflectarray antenna under space thermal environments.
Linguistic Survey of India: The Dardic or Piśāchā Languages. By SirGeorge Grierson, K.C.I.E., D.Litt., Ph.D. 14 × 10¼, xi + 567 pp. Calcutta: Government Press, 1919. (1921)

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Direct Conversion of Syngas into Methyl Acetate, Ethanol, and Ethylene by Relay Catalysis via the Intermediate Dimethyl Ether (2018)

Abstract Selective conversion of syngas (CO/H 2 ) into C 2+ oxygenates is a highly attractive but challenging target. Herein, we report the direct conversion of syngas into methyl acetate (MA) by relay catalysis. MA can be formed at a lower temperature (ca. 473 K) using Cu‐Zn‐Al oxide/H‐ZSM‐5 and zeolite mordenite (H‐MOR) catalysts separated by quartz wool (denoted as Cu‐Zn‐Al/H‐ZSM‐5|H‐MOR) and also at higher temperatures (603–643 K) without significant deactivation using spinel‐structured ZnAl 2 O 4 |H‐MOR. The selectivity of MA and acetic acid (AA) reaches 87 % at a CO conversion of 11 % at 643 K. Dimethyl ether (DME) is the key intermediate and the carbonylation of DME results in MA with high selectivity. We found that the relay catalysis using ZnAl 2 O 4 |H‐MOR|ZnAl 2 O 4 gives ethanol as the major product, while ethylene is formed with a layer‐by‐layer ZnAl 2 O 4 |H‐MOR|ZnAl 2 O 4 |H‐MOR combination. Close proximity between ZnAl 2 O 4 and H‐MOR increases ethylene selectivity to 65 %.
Rb family proteins differentially regulate distinct cell lineages during epithelial development (2004)

pRb, p107 and p130 are important regulators of cell cycle and have extensive overlapping functions; however, only Rb has been shown to be a bone fide tumor suppressor. Defining the overlapping versus distinct pocket protein functions is therefore an important step to understanding the unique role of Rb. Using lung as a model, the present studies demonstrate that pocket proteins are important not only in regulating cell cycle and survival but also in cell lineage specification. An inducible lung-specific Rb knockout strategy was used to demonstrate that Rb is specifically required for restricting neuroendocrine cell fate despite functional compensation for Rb deficiency in other cell types. Ablation of total Rb family function resulted in opposing effects in specification along distinct cell lineages, providing evidence that pocket proteins inhibit neuroendocrine cell fate while being required for differentiation in other cell types. These findings identify a novel role for pocket proteins in cell fate determination, and establish a unique cell lineage-specific function for Rb that explains, at least in part, why Rb and p16 are inactivated in phenotypically distinct carcinomas.
Growth, hedgehog and the price of GAS (2002)

Embryonic development in a given species is orchestrated by genes regulating growth and differentiation in a stereotyped and conserved manner, resulting in embryos of consistent size and shape. Several signaling pathways, including that of Sonic Hedgehog (SHH), have been implicated in these processes. Recent experiments with Gas1 indicate that it may act as a growth-inducing gene, challenging its previous function as a gene specifically involved in growth arrest. Moreover, GAS1, a GPI-linked membrane protein, can bind SHH, suggesting an interacting link between growth and patterning through SHH and GAS1.
A Synthesis-Based Approach for Thermal-to-Visible Face Verification (2021)

In recent years, visible-spectrum face verification systems have been shown to match the performance of experienced forensic examiners. However, such systems are ineffective in low-light and nighttime conditions. Thermal face imagery, which captures body heat emissions, effectively augments the visible spectrum, capturing discriminative facial features in scenes with limited illumination. Due to the increased cost and difficulty of obtaining diverse, paired thermal and visible spectrum datasets, not many algorithms and large-scale benchmarks for low-light recognition are available. This paper presents an algorithm that achieves state-of-the-art performance on both the ARL-VTF and TUFTS multi-spectral face datasets. Importantly, we study the impact of face alignment, pixel-level correspondence, and identity classification with label smoothing for multi-spectral face synthesis and verification. We show that our proposed method is widely applicable, robust, and highly effective. In addition, we show that the proposed method significantly outperforms face frontalization methods on profile-to-frontal verification. Finally, we present MILAB-VTF(B), a challenging multi-spectral face dataset that is composed of paired thermal and visible videos. To the best of our knowledge, with face data from 400 subjects, this dataset represents the most extensive collection of indoor and long-range outdoor thermal-visible face imagery. Lastly, we show that our end-to-end thermal-to-visible face verification system provides strong performance on the MILAB-VTF(B) dataset.
Amino acids in the cultivation of mammalian cells (2016)

Amino acids are crucial for the cultivation of mammalian cells. This importance of amino acids was realized soon after the development of the first cell lines, and a solution of a mixture of amino acids has been supplied to cultured cells ever since. The importance of amino acids is further pronounced in chemically defined mammalian cell culture media, making the consideration of their biological and chemical properties necessary. Amino acids concentrations have been traditionally adjusted to their cellular consumption rates. However, since changes in the metabolic equilibrium of amino acids can be caused by changes in extracellular concentrations, metabolomics in conjunction with flux balance analysis is being used in the development of culture media. The study of amino acid transporters is also gaining importance since they control the intracellular concentrations of these molecules and are influenced by conditions in cell culture media. A better understanding of the solubility, stability, dissolution kinetics, and interactions of these molecules is needed for an exploitation of these properties in the development of dry powdered chemically defined media for mammalian cells. Due to the complexity of these mixtures however, this has proven to be challenging. Studying amino acids in mammalian cell culture media will help provide a better understanding of how mammalian cells in culture interact with their environment. It would also provide insight into the chemical behavior of these molecules in solutions of complex mixtures, which is important in the understanding of the contribution of individual amino acids to protein structure.
Chemiluminescence Analysis for HBV-DNA Hybridization Detection with Magnetic Nanoparticles Based DNA Extraction from Positive Whole Blood Samples (2013)

Molecular detection of HBV has a significant impact on prognosis and therapy of the disease. In this paper, a sensitive nucleic acid detection method of HBV was established taking advantage of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), chemiluminescence (CL) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). HBV-DNA was extracted from hepatitis B positive human blood samples using MNPs adsorption method and biotin was labeled on the DNA segment after base insertion of bintin-dUTP in PCR. The biotinylated DNA segment was captured by amino probe immobilized on carboxyl MNPs and was detected by the chemiluminescence system of alkaline phosphatase catalyzing 3-(2'-spiroadamantane)-4-methoxy-4-(3"-phosphoryloxy) phenyl-1, 2-dioxetane. Different concentrations of HBV-DNA were detected under the optimized experiment conditions and the relevant CL intensity were obtained, which provided a novel research or clinic diagnosis method for the quantification detection of HBV-DNA.
Effect of a B cell mitogen extracted from a fungus Peziza vesiculosa on antibody production in mice. (1985)

The effect of Vesiculogen (a hot-water extracted B cell mitogen from Peziza vesiculosa) on antibody production in mouse spleens was studied. The number of plaque-forming cells (PFC) elicited by injection with Vesiculogen and/or 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl substituted sheep red blood cells (TNP-SRBC) were comparatively assayed. In the mice injected with 100 micrograms of Vesiculogen (i.p.), an obvious increase in the numbers of anti-SRBC and anti-TNP SRBC PEC in spleens was observed after 2 d of injection, and the numbers of PFC reached a maximum on day 3. Injections to 1-1000 micrograms of Vesiculogen were effective. This effect was shown when Vesiculogen was administered by i.p. or i.v. injections. In some cases, the numbers of PFC in mice injected with Vesiculogen and antigen exceeded the sum of each number of PFC elicited by polyclonal B cell activation activity of Vesiculogen and by antigenic stimulation of TNP-SRBC. Pretreatment with Vesiculogen within 4 d before immunization markedly reduced the PFC response. These results suggest that the effect of Vesiculogen on antibody response in mice attributes to its activities as a polyclonal B cell activator and adjuvant.
Hyaluronic acid treatment (viscosupplementation) for OA of the knee. (1998)

Viscosupplementation may be useful in the treatment of OA of the knee when other medical forms of therapy are contraindicated, toxic, or have failed. It may have a role in managing the patient with moderate to severe OA of the knee before considering total knee arthroplasty (Table 2). Viscosupplementation or medical treatment does not replace the need for thigh muscle strengthening or for overweight patients to lose weight. Whether or not efficacy will demand or warrant earlier or repeated use of hyaluronic acid-like products remains to be seen.
A Novel Neural Network-Based Method for Medical Text Classification (2019)

Medical text categorization is a specific area of text categorization. Classification for medical texts is considered a special case of text classification. Medical text includes medical records and medical literature, both of which are important clinical information resources. However, medical text contains complex medical vocabularies, medical measures, which has problems with high-dimensionality and data sparsity, so text classification in the medical domain is more challenging than those in other general domains. In order to solve these problems, this paper proposes a unified neural network method. In the sentence representation, the convolutional layer extracts features from the sentence and a bidirectional gated recurrent unit (BIGRU) is used to access both the preceding and succeeding sentence features. An attention mechanism is employed to obtain the sentence representation with the important word weights. In the document representation, the method uses the BIGRU to encode the sentences, which is obtained in sentence representation and then decode it through the attention mechanism to get the document representation with important sentence weights. Finally, a category of medical text is obtained through a classifier. Experimental verifications are conducted on four medical text datasets, including two medical record datasets and two medical literature datasets. The results clearly show that our method is effective.
Flexible High Density Active Neural Implants Combining a Distributed Multiplexing Transceiver Architecture with Biocompatible Technology (2018)

Precise localization of brain tissue causing severe neurological conditions requires subdural recording arrays with high electrode density and low mechanical stiffness compliant with the brain tissue. However, most arrays currently used − such as clinical ECoG grids − are rather stiff and limited in spatial resolution. To overcome these constrains a novel architecture is proposed using delocalized electronic (de)multiplexer grains. Here, their functional units are described in both hard‐ and software, and tested in simulations and experimentally. The results show that in case of a 100 × 100 mm ECoG array with lower mechanical stiffness, inter‐electrode distances &lt;1 mm can be achieved. Taking parasitic capacitances into account, a signal resolution of 100 μV is reached with an inter‐channel timing resolution of 200 ns, which in our model corresponds to tissue localization as precise as 1.2 mm. For clinical application of envisaged 5000 electrodes, a preselection mechanism and routes for adoption of this technology toward cochlear implants and brain computer interfaces are presented.
Impact of Multipath Signals on Terrestrial Fixed Service Interference in Aeronautical SATCOM (2022)

For the characterization of radiofrequency interference caused by terrestrial fixed service stations into aircraft earth stations that communicate with geostationary satellite orbit networks in the fixed-satellite service, a detailed channel model is developed. We assess the impact of coherent and non-coherent scattered components of terrestrial fixed service emissions into the aeronautical satellite communications receivers. Firstly, a line-of-sight channel model is presented, which is extended by elements accounting for specular reflection from the Earth's surface and randomly Rayleigh distributed diffuse components. Based on the surface roughness of the spherical Earth model at 18 GHz, we determine the reflection coefficient for typical surfaces. To this end, we provide insight on whether the coherent and non-coherent elements of terrestrial fixed service interference should be considered for aeronautical SATCOM receivers.
Thunderbolt interconnect – comparing optical and copper approaches (2017)

Thunderbolt Interconnect Technology has adopted both copper and optical cables. One single cable can support two bi-directional signal lanes at a data rate of 2×20.625 Gb/s, which is driven by demand of 4K video. Future 8K video and Virtual Reality (VR) will push the bandwidth requirement even higher. Form factor, link distance, usage model and heat dissipation are all placed into design consideration. Key technologies developed to enable this high data rate consumer cable are discussed, such as robust copper and optical cables, miniature optical engine, thermal design and 2×20.625Gb/s low power integrated circuits for VCSEL-based optical link. Copper and optical interconnect technologies are compared from the perspective of cost, power, form factor, and scalability. Total power consumption is 146mW for each 25.78Gb/s optical link, which gives 5.69mW/Gb/s. Among the commercially available optical ICs we evaluated at 25.78 Gb/s, this work has lowest power consumption and smallest die area in industry.