gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A hybrid data compression approach for online backup service (2009)

With the popularity of Saas (Software as a service), backup service has becoming a hot topic of storage application. Due to the numerous backup users, how to reduce the massive data load is a key problem for system designer. Data compression provides a good solution. Traditional data compression application used to adopt a single method, which has limitations in some respects. For example data stream compression can only realize intra-file compression, de-duplication is used to eliminate inter-file redundant data, compression efficiency cannot meet the need of backup service software. This paper proposes a novel hybrid compression approach, which includes two levels: global compression and block compression. The former can eliminate redundant inter-file copies across different users, the latter adopts data stream compression technology to realize intra-file de-duplication. Several compressing algorithms were adopted to measure the compression ratio and CPU time. Adaptability using different algorithm in certain situation is also analyzed. The performance analysis shows that great improvement is made through the hybrid compression policy.
Armed forces' views on Shared Spectrum Access (2017)

Recent transition from mobile telephony to daily consumption of mobile data presents the challenge of adequate spectrum availability. Besides regulators and operators, this challenge faces both public safety authorities and military as well. This paper investigates how selected spectrum sharing concepts (namely, European Licensed Shared Access (LSA) and US Citizens Broadband Service (CBRS)) support the military interests either as a Primary User (PU) or as a Secondary User (SU) and whether these concepts facilitate temporal adjustments of national defence from peace time mode of operations to hybrid warfare or to large scale homeland defence. In this paper we have shown that military spectrum needs vary from one scenario to another and that Shared Spectrum Access may support expected needs of spectrum in times of most dire stress. Both of the concepts reviewed have built in dynamism, which however does not support PU-SU role changes across tiers.
THE GENETICS OF BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION IN THE RAT (1985)

We have used a variety of standard inbred, recombinant, and congenic rat strains to establish the effect of MHC and non-MHC genetic incompatibilities on bone marrow transplantation. The role of these loci in the successful establishment of bone marrow engraftment was first determined by examining the potential of donor marrow to protect recipient rats from a lethal dose of the myeloablative drug busulfan. Similar donor/recipient combinations were then used to examine the effects of the same incompatibilities on the induction of fatal graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in recipients conditioned with a combination of busulfan and cyclophosphamide. The data obtained indicate that: (1) a difference for the entire MHC of the rat is sufficient to prevent marrow engraftment and to produce fatal GVHD; (2) the class I RT1.A locus of the rat MHC has a differential effect on bone marrow transplantation, since disparity for this locus prevents successful marrow engraftment, while this gene has little effect on the development of fatal GVHD; (3) disparity for the class I RT1.E locus has no effect on bone marrow engraftment and does not stimulate GVHD; (4) disparity for the class II locus, RT1.D, can prevent marrow engraftment and elicit fatal GVHD; and (5) incompatibility for non-MHC genes can prevent the establishment of bone marrow engraftment and elicit fatal GVHD.
Single event effects and total ionising dose in 600V Si-on-SiC LDMOS transistors for rad-hard space applications (2017)

This work presents a novel Si-on-SiC laterally-diffused (LD) MOSFET structure intended to provide high breakdown voltage of 600 V and be resistant for harsh-environment space applications. Single-event effects (SEE) and total ionizing dose (TID) are investigated for the first time in such device. Initially, the considered Si LDMOS structure on SiC suffers from single-event burnout (SEB) at a drain voltage > 175 V, i.e. much lower than the target. An optimized LDMOS structure with a heavily doped extended P <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> buried region is proposed and shown to be SEB resistant at the target drain voltage of 600 V, even for a highly-energetic ion with a linear energy transfer (LET) of 90 MeV/mg/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . TID simulations indicate that the main concern is the charge build-up in the thick field oxide (FOX). FOX positive charge density beyond 1×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−2</sup> causes the breakdown voltage to drop below 200 V. Different oxide types which feature low “net” positive charge build-up have to be considered to allow for higher TID hardness. The proposed Si/SiC structure with a p+ region was shown to be resistant to a combined SEE and TID (in case of limited positive charge build-up in FOX) as well as combined SEE and high-temperature (up to 573 K) environments. In comparison to the equivalent Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) LDMOS, the Si/SiC LDMOS structure with p+ buried region features similar immunity to SEB but allows for higher TID hardness.
EFFICACY OF HJB/FE3+ TO PROVIDE FE TO NECTARINE PLANTS IN CALCAREOUS SOILS (2010)

Iron (Fe) chlorosis is a widespread problem in fruit crops grown on calcareous soils. To date, the application of synthetic Fe chelates is the most effective solution to correct this problem. The aim of this work was to study the effectiveness of a new synthetic Fe chelate, HJB (N,N'-Bis(2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzyl) ethylenediamine-N,N'-diacetic acid), in providing Fe to nectarine trees grown under alkaline field conditions. HJB has a similar structure as o,oEDDHA but its synthesis may produce purer commercial products than the EDDHA process that produces o,oEDDHA combined with a mixture of regioisomers (o,pEDDHA and p,pEDDHA) and other unknown by-products. The experiment started in 2007. Nine-year-old nectarine cultivar 'Zephyr' trees (Prunus persica L. Batsch) grafted in GF677 rootstocks were used. Two treatments with two different doses (0.45 g Fe-chelate/tree and 0.90 g Fe-chelate/tree) were evaluated: a commercial EDDHA/Fe 3+ product (5.19% Fe chelated by o,oEDDHA), HJB/Fe 3+ (7.97% Fe chelated by HJB) and an untreated (-Fe) control. The Fe compounds of the +Fe treatments were apportioned into three unequal doses that were directly injected into the soil three times during the growing season. SPAD index values were measured every two weeks and leaves were sampled 36, 58, and 91 days after the first application of the +Fe treatments. Yield, fruit weight, number of fruits per tree, and fruit diameter were also determined. In the first year, HJB/Fe 3+ and EDDHA/Fe 3+ improved SPAD values compared to the -Fe control; however, no significant differences were found with respect to leaf Fe concentration or fruit yield of the +Fe treated and -Fe control trees. Currently, a second year of experimentation is being developed.
A potato carboxypeptidase inhibitor gene provides pathogen resistance in transgenic rice (2007)

A defensive role against insect attack has been traditionally attributed to plant protease inhibitors. Here, evidence is described of the potential of a plant protease inhibitor, the potato carboxypeptidase inhibitor (PCI), to provide resistance to fungal pathogens when expressed in rice as a heterologous protein. It is shown that rice plants constitutively expressing the pci gene exhibit resistance against the economically important pathogens Magnaporthe oryzae and Fusarium verticillioides. A M. oryzae carboxypeptidase was purified by affinity chromatography and further characterized by mass spectrometry. This fungal carboxypeptidase was found to be a novel carboxypeptidase B which was fully inhibited by PCI. Overall, the results indicate that PCI exerts its antifungal activity through the inhibition of this particular fungal carboxypeptidase B. Although pci confers protection against fungal pathogens in transgenic rice, a significant cost in insect resistance is observed. Thus, the weight gain of larvae of the specialist insect Chilo suppressalis (striped stem borer) and the polyphagous insect Spodoptera littoralis (Egyptian cotton worm) fed on pci rice is significantly larger than that of insects fed on wild-type plants. Homology-based modelling revealed structural similarities between the predicted structure of the M. oryzae carboxypeptidase B and the crystal structure of insect carboxypeptidases, indicating that PCI may function not only as an inhibitor of fungal carboxypeptidases, but also as an inhibitor of insect carboxypeptidases. The potential impact of the pci gene in terms of protection against fungal and insect diseases is discussed.
ANALYSIS OF THE ITALIAN POWER GRID BASED ON KURAMOTO-LIKE MODEL (2011)

In this work, an analysis of the italian high-voltage power grid based on a mapping between power grid nodes and Kuramoto-like oscillators is proposed. The network is able to reach a global synchronous state, after which a perturbation is applied in order to study the dynamical robustness of the network to faults. Several dynamical parameters such as the minimum value of perturbation leading to desynchronization and the time to reach the complete loss of synchronism have been introduced. A non-trivial complex relationship between dynamical and topological parameters of the network emerges.
Atrioventricular nodal accommodation in isolated guinea pig hearts: physiological significance and role of adenosine. (1988)

The progressive prolongation of atrioventricular node (AVN) conduction time to a new steady-state value caused by sudden and maintained increases in atrial rate is the most common form of AV nodal accommodation. This study was undertaken to 1) characterize AV nodal accommodation in isolated perfused guinea pig hearts, 2) investigate the influence of potential modulators of this phenomenon such as acetylcholine and adenosine, and 3) determine the physiological significance of AV nodal accommodation on cardiac function. Beat-by-beat changes in AVN conduction time caused by single- or multiple-step increases in atrial pacing rate were measured during control conditions and in the presence of atropine (1 microM), propranolol (1 microM), and the adenosine antagonist BW-A1433 (1 microM). BW-A1433 was the only intervention that significantly reduced the cumulative and frequency-dependent prolongation of AVN conduction time but this was only observed at atrial cycle lengths less than or equal to 170 msec. In addition, BW-A1433 shortened the Wenckebach cycle length from 163 +/- 2 to 153 +/- 2 during normoxia and from 172 +/- 3 to 164 +/- 4 during mild hypoxia. In contrast, dipyridamole (1 microM), an adenosine uptake blocker, markedly accentuated the AVN conduction time prolongation, accentuated the AV block associated with fast atrial rates, and significantly increased the Wenckebach cycle length. These effects of dipyridamole were prevented and antagonized by BW-A1433 and adenosine deaminase. When O2 supply was limited and at the same time demand increased secondary to fast atrial pacing, the rate of adenosine release increased from a control of 125 +/- 27 to 580 +/- 54 pmol/min/g. This was accompanied by a significant prolongation in AVN conduction time that invariably progressed to AV block. Once AV block occurred, O2 consumption decreased, O2 supply-to-demand ratio improved and the rate of adenosine release dropped to 310 +/- 61 pmol/min/g. Reversal of the AV block with adenosine antagonists resulted in a decrease in O2 supply-to-demand ratio and a severalfold increase in the rate of adenosine release. In this feedback system, adenosine signals the imbalance between O2 supply and demand, causes AV block and, thus, reduces demand to compensate for the limited O2 supply. On the other hand, adenosine deaminase and antagonists act as "error signals" by attenuating the effect of adenosine, whereas dipyridamole enhances the "gain" of the system by potentiating the effects of adenosine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Clinical Applications (2017)

The study of the diagnostic accuracy of Infrared Thermal Imaging in the diagnosis of orthopaedic injuries in childhood has been motivated by the high incidence of these injuries throughout the world, being one of the most common reasons for urgent medical consultation. Diagnosis of musculoskeletal injuries usually involves radiography, but this exposes children without fractures to unnecessary ionising radiation. This chapter assesses whether infrared thermography could provide a viable alternative in cases of trauma. To evaluate the accuracy of this technique new thermographic variables have been added to those commonly analysed, such as the extent of the injury and the difference in the size of the area that is at an equal temperature or higher than the maximum temperature of the healthy area. Non-linear cataloguing methods (decision tree models) have also been applied. With the protocol presented, infrared thermal imaging had a sensitivity of 0.91, a specificity of 0.88 and a negative predictive value of 0.95 for diagnosing musculoskeletal injuries.
Crystal structure of adenosine kinase fromM. tuberculosisin complex with nucleoside analogs (2008)

illuminate probable mechanisms of catalysis and suggest how GlpD shuttles electrons into the respiratory pathway. Homologs of GlpD are found in practically all organisms, from prokaryotes to humans, with over 45% consensus protein sequences, signifying that these structural results on the prokaryotic enzyme may readily be applied to the eukaryotic GlpD enzymes.
Abnormal (110) Grain Growth and Magnetostriction in Recrystallized Galfenol With Dispersed Niobium Carbide (2009)

The influence of high temperature annealing processes on abnormal grain growth in Galfenol (Fe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">81</sub> Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">19</sub> alloy plus 1 mol% NbC) sheet is examined in this paper. Results are presented on magnetostriction and grain orientation after rolling and annealing processes. Abnormal (110) grains grew to several millimeters after annealing at 1200degC. The grain orientation changed from a gamma -fiber texture and {100}lang011rang orientation in as-rolled sheet to close to a Goss texture {110}lang001rang in a sample annealed at 1200degC. This was accompanied by an increase in magnetostriction. The lang001rang easy axis (-20deg-off of the rolling direction) and a maximum magnetostriction of 183 ppm was observed in samples annealed at 1250degC. Annealing at a temperature of 1300 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">deg</sup> C produced a change in grain orientation to {111} <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&lt;</i> uvw <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</i> , Ga loss of as much as 2.8%, and a degradation in magnetostriction.
Cloning of the MspI modification enzyme. The site of modification and its effects on cleavage by MspI and HpaII. (1983)

The gene for the MspI modification enzyme from Moraxella was cloned in Escherichia coli using the plasmid vector pBR322. Selection of transformants carrying the gene was based on the resistance of the modified plasmid encoding the enzyme to cleavage by MspI. Both chromosomal and plasmid DNA were modified in the selected clones. None of the clones obtained produced the cognate restriction enzyme which suggests that in this system the genes for the restriction enzyme and methylase are not closely linked. Crude cell extracts prepared from the recombinant strains, but not the host (E. coli HB101), contain an S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferase specific for the MspI recognition site, CCGG. Production of the enzyme is 3-4-fold greater in the transformants than in the original Moraxella strain. 5-Methylcytosine was identified as the product of the reaction chromatographically. The outer cytosine of the recognition sequence, *CCGG, was shown to be the site of methylation by DNA-sequencing methods. This modification blocks cleavage by both MspI and its isoschizomer HpaII. HpaII, but not MspI, is able to cleave the unmethylated strand of a hemimethylated substrate. The relevance of these results to the use of MspI and HpaII to analyze patterns of methylation in genomic DNA is discussed.
Constitutively active α subunits of Gq/11 and G12/13 families inhibit activation of the pro‐survival Akt signaling cascade (2006)

Accumulating evidence indicates that G protein signaling plays an active role in the regulation of cell survival. Our previous study demonstrated the regulatory effects of G(i/o) proteins in nerve growth factor-induced activation of pro-survival Akt kinase. In the present study we explored the role of various members of the G(s), G(q/11) and G(12/13) subfamilies in the regulation of Akt in cultured mammalian cells. In human embryonic kidney 293 cells transiently expressing constitutively active mutants of G alpha11, G alpha14, G alpha16, G alpha12, or G alpha13 (G alpha11QL, G alpha14QL, G alpha16QL, G alpha12QL and G alpha13QL, respectively), basal phosphorylation of Akt was attenuated, as revealed by western blotting analysis using a phosphospecific anti-Akt immunoglobulin. In contrast, basal Akt phosphorylation was unaffected by the overexpression of a constitutively active G alpha(s) mutant (G alpha(s)QL). Additional experiments showed that G alpha11QL, G alpha14QL, G alpha16QL, G alpha12QL and G alpha13QL, but not G alpha(s)QL, attenuated phosphorylation of the Akt-regulated translation regulator tuberin. Moreover, they were able to inhibit the epidermal growth factor-induced Akt activation and tuberin phosphorylation. The inhibitory mechanism of Gq family members was independent of phospholipase Cbeta activation and calcium signaling because G alpha11QL, G alpha14QL and G alpha16QL remained capable of inhibiting epidermal growth factor-induced Akt activation in cells pretreated with U73122 and the intracellular calcium chelator, BAPTA/AM. Finally, overexpression of the dominant negative mutant of RhoA blocked G alpha12QL- and G alpha13QL-mediated inhibition, suggesting that activated G alpha12 and G alpha13 inhibit Akt signaling via RhoA. Collectively, this study demonstrated the inhibitory effect of activated G alpha11, G alpha14, G alpha16, G alpha12 and G alpha13 on pro-survival Akt signaling.
Left-Wing Extremism and Human Rights: The Role of Civil Liberties Groups in Andhra Pradesh (2014)

Preface Human Rights: Historical Background and Constitutional Framework Human Rights Scenario in Andhra Pradesh: A Ground-level Study Left-Wing Extremism: Pan-Indian Scenario Left-Wing Extremism and Human Rights in Andhra Pradesh Human and Civil Rights of Marginalized Sections How to Tackle Left-Wing Extremism? Human Rights NGOs and Their Increasing Role Andhra Pradesh: A Role Model for Civil Liberties Groups and NGOs A Way Ahead Conclusion Appendix Notes Bibliography Index
The diagnostic testing of high voltage silicon carbide surge arresters (1999)

The majority of high voltage gapped silicon carbide surge arresters on transmission and sub transmission systems have been in service for over 10 years. It is possible that many are now somewhat degraded. A diagnostic testing programme is required that can accurately and efficiently determine the condition of these high voltage arresters. If possible the programme should be easily adapted to in-field testing situations. This thesis details the development and evaluation of a testing programme designed to meet these criteria. Initially the essential theory of silicon carbide arresters was investigated, focusing particularly on arrester construction, performance and the unique characteristics of high voltage arresters. The effectiveness of available diagnostic testing procedures was then evaluated and a set of tests selected, based on their expected performance, their ability to assess all facets of arrester behaviour, the ease with which they could be completed in the available laboratory and their possible application to in-field testing. It was also decided that the condition of an arrester would be judged primarily on the comparison of its performance with that of similar arresters subjected to the same tests, eliminating the need for restrictive failure criteria. The testing programme implemented consisted of a series of diagnostic procedures including the lightning impulse sparkover voltage test, power frequency sparkover voltage test, power frequency withstand test, AC and DC leakage current measurements, 5 kV insulation resistance test, a non-standard current impulse test, and finally the partial discharge and radio interference voltage measurements. The tests were performed on a set of 6 ASEA type XAA station class arresters rated at 36 and 121 kV and a set of 5 arrester sections. The programme was concluded by completing an exhaustive visual inspection of arrester internal components. The results of the investigation verified the effectiveness of the selected diagnostic procedure with a consistent and accurate assessment of arrester condition obtained for all arresters under test. All arresters exhibited satisfactory performance in the selected tests, indicating that high voltage gapped silicon carbide arresters are more durable than those used on distribution systems. The partial discharge and radio interference voltage tests proved to be more sensitive than other tests used, measuring arrester degradation not detected by the other tests and thus providing a more informative measure of comparative arrester performance. The partial discharge and radio interference voltage tests also appeared to correlate well with AC leakage current measurements. Together these tests may be able to be adapted for in-field testing programmes but more research is needed to confirm these apparent trends.
Dynamic study of PLGA/CS nanoparticles delivery containing drug model into phantom tissue using CO2 laser for clinical applications (2011)

In this study, cationic nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating chitosan (CS) on the surface of PLGA NPs. To our knowledge most of the work in the field of drug delivery systems using lasers has been performed using short pulses with micron and submicron durations. We carried out an experiment using superlong PLS-R (10 ms) and CW CO₂ laser modes on simulated drug-biogelatin model where drug was encapsulated by PLGA/CS NPs. Maximum depth of drug containing cavitation was achieved faster at higher powers and shorter irradiation time in CWC mode. We believe that the main mechanism at work with superlong pulses is both photothermal due to vaporization and photomechanical due to photophoresis and cavitation collapse. In the case of CW, however, it is purely photothermal. Thus, drug molecules can be transported into tissue bulk by thermal waves which can be described by the Fick's law in 3-D model for a given cavity geometry and the mechanical waves, unlike only by pure photomechanical waves (i.e. photoacoustically) as with short pulses. Therefore, our studies could offer an alternative for currently existing method for drug delivery.