gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Subunits of human .alpha.2-macroglobulin produced by specific reduction of interchain disulfide bonds with thioredoxin (1988)

Disulfide bonds in alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2M) were reduced with the thioredoxin system from Escherichia coli. Under the conditions selected, 3.5-4.1 disulfide bonds were cleaved in each alpha 2M molecule, as determined by the consumption of NADPH during the reaction and by the incorporation of iodo[3H]acetate into the reaction product. This extent of disulfide bond reduction, approximately corresponding to that expected from specific cleavage of all four interchain disulfide bonds of the protein, coincided with the nearly complete dissociation of the intact alpha 2M molecule to a species migrating as an alpha 2M subunit in gel electrophoresis, under both denaturing and nondenaturing conditions. The dissociation was accompanied by only small changes of the spectroscopic properties of the subunits, which thus retain a near-native conformation. Reaction of isolated subunits with methylamine or trypsin led to the appearance of approximately 0.55 mol of thiol group/mol of subunits, indicating that the thio ester bonds are largely intact. Moreover, the rate of cleavage of these bonds by methylamine was similar to that in the whole alpha 2M molecule. Although the bait region was specifically cleaved by nonstoichiometric amounts of trypsin, the isolated subunits had minimal proteinase binding ability. Reaction of subunits with methylamine or trypsin produced changes of farultraviolet circular dichroism and near-ultraviolet absorption similar to those induced in the whole alpha 2M molecule, although in contrast with whole alpha 2M no fluorescence change was observed. The methylamine- or trypsin-treated subunits reassociated to a tetrameric species, migrating as the "fast" form of whole alpha 2M in gradient gel electrophoresis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Travel Cards in the Year 2000: The Helsinki Region Ushers in the Smart Card Era (2000)

The travel card system for the region of Helsinki, Finland, will be one of the most advanced ticket sales and fare collection systems in use. Passengers will carry remote contactless travel cards and will be able to load the cards with travel rights for a certain period (seasonal pass) or with stored cash value that can be used to pay for trips (stored value). The data transmission and back-end/front-end systems will be faced with a formidable challenge though, as the system as a whole will process some 2 million transactions/day. This paper provides an overview of the capabilities and advantages of the smart travel card system to be implemented in the public transport network of the city of Helsinki in the year 2000.
Epitrochoidal Versus Hypotrochoidal Gerotor Type Pumps With Special Attention to Rubbing Velocities (1988)

COC was the commonest lesion associated with AF/AFO. Although COC commonly occurs in the jaws' anterior region, hybrid cases were more common in the posterior area. No malignant transformations were reported. The treatment modality is mostly chosen based on the lesion's most aggressive part. <b>Key words:</b>Ameloblastic fibroma, Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma, Odontogenic tumor, Jaw.
Studies on the phosphorylation of protein kinase C-α (1992)

A kinase-defective protein kinase C-alpha mutant is shown to be a phosphoprotein when expressed in COS-1 cells, indicating that intramolecular phosphorylation does not fully account for the phosphate content of protein kinase C-alpha. Furthermore, evidence is presented that the intermolecular phosphorylation of protein kinase C-alpha is due to an activity other than protein kinase C-alpha itself, and this phosphorylation appears to be necessary for protein kinase C-alpha activity. By contrast, the characteristic shift in apparent molecular mass consequent on phosphorylation in vivo can be accounted for by autophosphorylation, as demonstrated in vitro. The relationship between these phosphorylated protein kinase C-alpha species is discussed.
Electron Bernstein Wave Emission and Mode Conversion Physics on NSTX (2008)

NSTX is a spherical tokamak (ST) that operates with ne up to 1020 m-3 and BT less than 0.6 T, cutting off low harmonic electron cyclotron (EC) emission widely used for Te measurements on conventional aspect ratio tokamaks. The electron Bernstein wave (EBW) can propagate in ST plasmas and is emitted at EC harmonics. These properties suggest thermal EBW emission (EBE) may be used for local Te measurements in the ST. Practically, a robust Te(R,t) EBE diagnostic requires EBW transmission efficiencies of &gt; 90% for a wide range of plasma conditions. EBW emission and coupling physics were studied on NSTX with an obliquely viewing EBW to O-mode (B-X-O) diagnostic with two remotely steered antennas, coupled to absolutely calibrated radiometers. While Te(R,t) measurements with EBW emission on NSTX were possible, they were challenged by several issues. Rapid fluctuations in edge ne scale length resulted in &gt; 20% changes in the low harmonic B-X-O transmission efficiency. Also, B-X-O transmission efficiency 2 during H-modes was observed to decay by a factor of 5-10 to less than a few percent. The B-X-O transmission behavior during H-modes was reproduced by EBE simulations that predict that EBW collisional damping can significantly reduce emission when Te &lt; 30 eV inside the B-X-O mode conversion (MC) layer. Initial edge lithium conditioning experiments during H-modes have shown that evaporated lithium can increase Te inside the B-X-O MC layer, significantly increasing B-X-O transmission.
Comparative survival of probiotic lactobacilli spray-dried in the presence of prebiotic substances (2004)

High viability (approximately 10(9) CFU g(-1)) powders containing probiotic lactobacilli in combination with prebiotics were developed, which may be useful as functional food ingredients for the manufacture of probiotic foods.
Catalytic Destruction of Volatile Organic Compounds Using Supported Platinum and Palladium Hydrophobic Catalysts (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCatalytic Destruction of Volatile Organic Compounds Using Supported Platinum and Palladium Hydrophobic CatalystsRamesh K. Sharma, Bing Zhou, Shimin Tong, and Karl T. ChuangCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1995, 34, 12, 4310–4317Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1995https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00039a022RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views486Altmetric-Citations53LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (897 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Volume-of-Fluid computational foundation for variable-density, two-phase, supercritical-fluid flows (2021)

A two-phase, low-Mach-number flow solver is proposed for compressible liquid and gas with phase change. The interface is tracked using a split Volume-of-Fluid method, which solves the advection of the liquid phase. This split advection method is generalized for the case where the liquid velocity is not divergence-free and both phases exchange mass across the interface, as happens at near-critical and supercritical pressure conditions. In this thermodynamic environment, the dissolution of lighter gas species into the liquid phase is enhanced and vaporization or condensation can occur simultaneously at different locations along the interface. A sharp interface is identified with a Piecewise Linear Interface Construction (PLIC). Mass conservation to machine-error precision is achieved in the limit of incompressible liquid, but not with the liquid compressibility and mass exchange. The numerical cost of solving two-phase, supercritical flows is very high because: a) local phase equilibrium is imposed at each interface cell to determine the interface solution (e.g., temperature); b) a complete thermodynamic model is used to obtain fluid properties; and c) phase-wise values for certain variables (i.e., velocity) are obtained via extrapolation techniques. Furthermore, the Volume-of-Fluid method and the PLIC add extra computational costs. To alleviate this numerical cost, the pressure Poisson equation (PPE) is split into a constant-coefficient implicit part and a variable-coefficient explicit part. Thus, a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) method can be used to solve the PPE. Various validation tests are performed to show the accuracy and viability of the present approach. Then, the growth of surface instabilities in a binary system composed of liquid n-decane and gaseous oxygen at supercritical pressures for n-decane are analyzed. Other features of supercritical liquid injection are also shown.
Interaction of (Na+,K+)-ATPases and digitalis genins. A general model for inhibitory activity. (1983)

Previous models of digitalis genin interaction with the (Na+,K+)-ATPase system (the putative receptor for such drugs) were deficient in explaining the (Na+,K+)-ATPase inhibitory activity of a number of digitalis genin analogues. With rat brain (Na+,K+)-ATPase we observed that the C-17 side chain carbonyl (C = O) oxygen distance of a given genin in relation to its position in the reference compound digitoxigenin was the primary determinant of its biological activity. With a number of genin analogues, we observed a strict correlation of this structural parameter with its binding site compatibility as well as inhibitory potency with respect to the (Na+,K+)-ATPase. In every case the correlation to inhibition data was obtained using a minimum energy conformation for the genin structure. The general applicability of that model is now proposed based on the following observations. The carbonyl oxygen position versus the biological activity relationship fully holds with (Na+,K+)-ATPase preparations from other tissues and species and also when different binding conditions are used for the enzyme genin interaction. The relationship is equally valid for the K+-p-nitrophenyl phosphatase activity. Correlations of the data obtained under these various conditions provide further support for this relationship and for the concept that altered affinities of the enzyme for a given genin under different binding conditions reflect conformational variations of a single binding site.
Risk of Specific Birth Defects in Relation to Chlorination and the Amount of Natural Organic Matter in the Water Supply (2002)

To assess the effect of water chlorination by-products on specific birth defects, the authors conducted a nationwide cross-sectional study of 285,631 Norwegian births in 1993-1998. Risks of birth defects according to four chlorination by-product exposure categories were compared on the basis of chlorination (yes/no) and level of water color (mg Pt/liter), representing the amount of natural organic matter: high (chlorination, < or =20), medium (chlorination, 10-19.9), and low (chlorination, <10) exposure, with no chlorination and low color (<10) as the reference category. In logistic regression analysis, the risks of any birth defect (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.13, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01, 1.25) and of cardiac (adjusted OR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.89), respiratory system (adjusted OR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.00, 3.58), and urinary tract (adjusted OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.00, 2.13) defects were significantly associated with exposure (medium and high combined). Regarding risk of specific birth defects, only that for ventricular septal defects was significantly elevated, with an exposure-response pattern, yielding adjusted odds ratios of 1.63 (95% CI: 1.02, 2.58) for the medium and 1.81 (95% CI: 1.05, 3.09) for the high exposure categories. Furthermore, risk of neural tube defects was related to high color (adjusted OR = 2.60, 95% CI: 1.30, 5.26).
Linear time‐varying model predictive control and its application to active steering systems: Stability analysis and experimental validation (2007)

Abstract A model predictive control (MPC) approach for controlling an active front steering (AFS) system in an autonomous vehicle is presented. At each time step a trajectory is assumed to be known over a finite horizon, and an MPC controller computes the front steering angle in order to best follow the desired trajectory on slippery roads at the highest possible entry speed. We start from the results presented in ( Int. J. Veh. Auton. Syst. 2005; 3 (2–4):265–291; IEEE Trans. Contr. Syst. Technol. 2007; 15 (3)) and formulate the MPC problem based on successive online linearization of the nonlinear vehicle model (linear time‐varying (LTV) MPC). We present a sufficient stability condition for such LTV MPC scheme. The condition is derived for a general class of nonlinear discrete time systems and results into an additional convex constraint to be included in the LTV MPC design. For the AFS control problem, we compare the proposed LTV MPC scheme with the LTV MPC scheme in ( IEEE Trans. Contr. Syst. Technol. 2007; 15 (3)) where stability has been enforced with an ad hoc constraint. Simulation and experimental tests up to 17 m/s on icy roads show the effectiveness of the LTV MPC formulation. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Effect of Incidence on Wall Heating Rates and Aerodynamics on a Film-Cooled Transonic Turbine Blade (1991)

This study investigates the influence of incidence on convective heat transfer to highly curved surfaces of a film-cooled turbine rotor blade. A computational study of free-stream inviscid aerodynamics without cooling at various incidences is followed by well-documented measured heat transfer data sets. The heat transfer experiments are discussed for cases with and without film cooling, performed under realistic gas turbine flow conditions in the short-duration heat transfer facility of the von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics. The precise location of the stagnation point and the iso-Mach number contours in the passage for each incidence (−10, 0, 10, +15 deg) are presented for a nominal exit Mach number of 0.94. The free-stream mass flow rate was kept constant for each experiment at different incidence levels. Three rows of compound angled discrete cooling holes are located near the leading edge in a showerhead configuration. Two rows of staggered discrete cooling holes are located on the suction side and a single row of cooling holes is located on the pressure side. The short-duration measurements of quantitative wall heat fluxes on nearly isothermal blade surfaces both in the presence and absence of coolant ejection are presented. The study indicated that the change of the position of the stagnation point strongly altered the aerodynamic behavior and convective heat transfer to the blade in approximately the first 30 percent of both the pressure side and the suction side in the presence and absence of film cooling. The immediate vicinity of the stagnation point was not significantly affected by changing incidence without cooling. Transitional behavior both on the suction surface and on the pressure surface was significantly influenced by the changes in approaching flow direction. Flow separation associated with incidence variations was also observed. Extremely low levels of the convective heat transfer coefficients were experienced near the regions where small separation bubbles are located.
The Divergent Homeobox GenePBX1Is Expressed in the Postnatal Subventricular Zone and Interneurons of the Olfactory Bulb (1996)

In the mammalian brain, an important phase of neurogenesis occurs postnatally in the subventricular zone (SVZ). This region consists of a heterogeneous population of cells, some mitotically active, others postmitotic. A subset of mitotically active SVZ precursor cells gives rise to a population of neurons that migrates over a long distance to their final destination, the olfactory bulb. Other SVZ precursor cells continue to proliferate or undergo cell death. The combination of genes that regulates proliferation and cell fate determination of SVZ precursor cells remains to be identified. We have used the rat homolog of the human homeobox gene PBX1 in Northern analysis and in situ hybridization studies to determine the temporal and regional localization of PBX1 expression during embryonic and postnatal rat brain development. PBX1 is expressed embryonically in the telencephalon. In addition, it is expressed at high levels postnatally in the SVZ, in the migratory pathway to the olfactory bulb, and in the layers of the olfactory bulb that are the targets of these migratory neurons. Combining in situ hybridization for PBX1 with immunostaining for markers of cell proliferation (PCNA), postmitotic neurons (class III beta-tubulin), and glia (GFAP), we show that SVZ proliferating cells and their neuronal progeny express rat PBX1 mRNA, whereas glial cells do not express detectable levels of PBX1. The expression of PBX1 in SVZ precursor cells and postmitotic neurons suggests a role for PBX1 in the generation of olfactory bulb interneurons and in mammalian neurogenesis.
ON q-DERANGEMENT NUMBERS AND POLYNOMIALS (2022)

The derangement number [Formula: see text] is the number of fixed point free permutations on a set of [Formula: see text] elements and the derangement polynomial [Formula: see text]) is a natural extension of the derangement number [Formula: see text]. The aim of this paper is to introduce [Formula: see text]-derangement numbers and polynomials, which are [Formula: see text]-analogs of the derangement numbers and polynomials, and to investigate their connection with some other [Formula: see text]-special numbers and polynomials. In more detail, we derive explicit expressions and recurrence relations for the [Formula: see text]-derangement numbers and polynomials. Further, we obtain some identities involving such polynomials and numbers and other special [Formula: see text]-polynomials and numbers, which include [Formula: see text]-Bell polynomials, [Formula: see text]-analogs of Fubini polynomials and [Formula: see text]-Stirling numbers of the second kind.
Roflupram, a Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitior, Suppresses Inflammasome Activation through Autophagy in Microglial Cells (2017)

Inhibition of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) suppressed the inflammatory responses in the brain. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Roflupram (ROF) is a novel PDE4 inhibitor. In the present study, we found that ROF enhanced the level of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 II (LC3-II) and decreased p62 in microglial BV-2 cells. Enhanced fluorescent signals were observed in BV-2 cells treated with ROF by Lysotracker red and acridine orange staining. In addition, immunofluorescence indicated a significant increase in punctate LC3. Moreover, β amyloid 25-35 (Aβ<sub>25-35</sub>) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with ATP was used to activate inflammasome. We found that both LPS plus ATP and Aβ<sub>25-35</sub> enhanced the conversion of pro-caspase-1 to cleaved-caspase-1 and increased the production of mature IL-1β in BV-2 cells. Interestingly, these effects were blocked by the treatment of ROF. Consistently, knocking down the expression of PDE4B in primary microglial cells led to enhanced level of LC-3 II and decreased activation of inflammasome. What's more, Hoechst staining showed that ROF decreased the apoptosis of neuronal N2a cells in conditioned media from microglia. Our data also showed that ROF dose-dependently enhanced autophagy, reduced the activation of inflammasome and suppressed the production of IL-1β in mice injected with LPS. These effects were reversed by inhibition of microglial autophagy. These results put together demonstrate that ROF inhibits inflammasome activities and reduces the release of IL-1β by inducing autophagy. Therefore, ROF could be used as a potential therapeutic compound for the intervention of inflammation-associated diseases in the brain.
Application of plasmonic silver island films in thin-film silicon solar cells (2012)

Silver nanoparticles can be used as light scattering elements for enhancing solar cell energy conversion efficiencies. The objective of our work is to gain more insight into the optical properties of silver nanoparticle films and their effect on the performance of solar cells. We use a common self-assembly technique to fabricate a range of silver island films on transparent substrates and measure their reflectance and transmittance for visible and near infrared light. We demonstrate that it is possible to represent silver island films by an effective medium with the same optical properties. The observed strong dependence on illumination side of the reflectance and absorptance, attributed to driving field effects, is reproduced very well. Thin-film silicon solar cells with embedded silver island films were fabricated and it was found that their performance is reduced due to parasitic absorption of light in the silver island film. Simulations of these solar cells, where the silver island film is represented as an effective medium layer, show a similar trend. This highlights the importance of minimizing parasitic absorption.
3D solid modeling of IC structures using simulated surface topography (2005)

The importance of 3D effects in semiconductor processes and devices is growing as structures are scaled into the deep submicron regime. In order to perform 3D analysis, however, designers need to accurately specify the structure to be simulated. A virtual integrated process modeling tool, based on a set of techniques which enable the construction of 3D device structures, is presented with emphasis on a new technique to build 3D LOCOS geometries. Examples illustrate how this technique is used to construct both a test structure as well as an actual memory cell design.
Algorithm Derivation of Winter Facies Wind Protection of Shelterbelts Structural Parameters and Wind Permeability Coefficient (2012)

To solve the problem in the absence of permeability algorithm in China’s forestry industry standard Technical Specification for Oasis Shelter Belt Construction(LY/T 1682—2006),by defining and calculating the forest structural parameters-porosityβ,stumpage surface porosity S,stumpage volume porosity V’,aboveground surface area density C,aboveground bulk density W,the relations among these structural parameters and their relations with wind permeability coefficientα,shelterbelt width D and mean diameter of branch d were calculated,which is expressed as:W=V’/D=dC/4 =dS’/4D=-πdlnβ/4D = -0.1πZdlnα/D.It is proofed that the main structural parameters have homogeneity and different structural parameters are of inheritance and consistency on the nature,there is no exclusivity in the strict sense,and is convertible under certain conditions,which is convenient for evaluating the wind-resistance effect of shelterbelt. A set of computational formulas for wind effect evaluation of farmland shelterbelt in dry and sandy area in northern China is derived.
The serum vitamin D level is inversely correlated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (2016)

The serum level of vitamin D, even when within the normal range, was found to be inversely correlated with NAFLD in a dose-dependent manner. Vitamin D was found to be inversely correlated with NAFLD independent of known metabolic risk factors. These findings suggest that vitamin D exerts protective effects against NAFLD.