gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Material properties and their interrelation in chemically modified clear wood of Scots pine (2007)

Abstract The mechanical and physical properties of modified wood were assessed experimentally. Timber studs with a cross-section of 45 mm×70 mm were modified on a semi-industrial scale by four different methods: 1) acetylation (AC) with acetic anhydride; 2) modification with methylated melamine formaldehyde resin (MMF); 3) heat treatment in vegetable oil (HT); and 4) furfurylation (FA). Sapwood of Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris ) with test specimen dimensions of 10×10×200 mm 3 was investigated. A total of 2449 specimens were included in the study. The following properties and their correlations were studied: density, modulus of elasticity (MOE dyn ) measured dynamically, equilibrium moisture content (EMC), and swelling behaviour. The properties were measured at humidity levels of 30%, 65%, and 90% RH, while the temperature was kept constant at 23°C. Significant changes in material properties took place. AC increased the density and reduced MOE dyn , EMC and swelling strain. FA increased the density and the swelling coefficient and reduced EMC and swelling strain. HT reduced the EMC, while MMF modification increased it.
Pedestrian Indoor Navigation Algorithm based on the Pseudolite and Low-cost IMU with Magnetometers Including In-Flight Calibration (2010)

In the current navigation environments, the most
unsolvable subject is an indoor positioning or navigation.
Of course, there have been many researches about indoor
navigation such as pseudolite, indoor GPS, Wi-Fi, UWB,
RFID and so on. However, we don’t have definite or
absolute solutions in indoor environments as we use
GNSS in outdoors. As mobile environments are
constructed in these days, people or robots have locationbased
applications in indoor. And the mobile devices such
as smart phones and mp3 players contain GPS chipset,
low-cost IMU and magnetometers. So we hope to
implement indoor navigation module using these multisensors.
The object of this paper is to develop and
implement cost-effective, accurate and robust indoor
navigation technique for pedestrians or robots in mobile
environments. The navigation module is constituted with
GPS receiver for pseudolite, 3 axis accelerometers,
magnetometers and gyroscope. And this navigation
algorithm includes positioning, attitude estimation, inflight
calibration and magnetic disturbance rejection. The
position is calculated using pseudolite measurements and
accelerometer measurements with attitude information.
The attitude can be estimated using IMU and
magnetometer measurements. Using this algorithm, we
could estimate position and attitude of pedestrian.
A New Perspective on Hydrogen Production by Photosynthetic Water Splitting (1997)

Present energy systems are heavily dependent on fossil fuels. This will eventually lead to the foreseeable depletion of fossil energy resources and, according to some reports, global climate changes due to the emission of carbon dioxide. In principle, hydrogen production by biophotolysis of water can be an ideal solar energy conversion system for sustainable development of human activities in harmony with the global environment. In photosynthetic hydrogen production research, there are currently three main efforts: (1) direct photoevolution of hydrogen and oxygen by photosynthetic water splitting using the ferredoxin/hydrogenase pathway, (2) dark hydrogen production by fermentation of organic reserves such as starch that are generated by photosynthesis during the light period, and (3) Two-stage hydrogen production in a combined fermentative and light-driven algae/bacteria system. In this chapter, the advantages and challenges of these approaches for hydrogen production are discussed in relation to a new opportunity brought by our recent discovery of a new photosynthetic water-splitting reaction [Nature, 373, 438-441 (1995); Science, 273, 364-367 (1996)], which, theoretically, has twice the energy efficiency of conventional water splitting via the two-light-reaction Z-scheme of photosynthesis.
The Rise and Fall of a Frontier Entrepreneur: Benjamin Rathbun, "Master Builder and Architect." (1997)

Probing beneath the surface of Benjamin Rathburn's career to reveal the unsettling social and economic forces that the American commercial revolution unleashed, this work examines the collapse of Rathburn's empire, in 1837, amidst accusations of fraud.
High-Titer Stocks of Adeno-Associated Virus from Replicating Amplicons and Herpes Vectors (2003)

The adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a nonpathogenic member of the Parvoviridae family (for review,see ref. ) Recently this virus has gained considerable interest and has been developed as a gene delivery vector (). Six primate AAV serotypes (designated AAV types 1–6) have so far been identified and characterized in the literature (,). The most extensively studied of these isolates is AAV type 2. The vast majority of the transduction studies have been carried out using recombinant vectors (rAAV) based on serotype 2. These studies have shown that rAAV2 has the ability to transduce a wide range of both dividing and nondividing cells, achieving efficient long-term gene expression in vivo in a variety of tissues including retina (), muscle (), central nervous system (), and liver (). The range of tissues transduced by recombinant AAV vectors based on other serotypes is currently being investigated by several laboratories (). It is hoped that rAAV vectors produced from these serotypes may prove to be useful for the transduction of tissues that are poorly infected by AAV2.
Stereoselective synthesis towards unnatural proline based amino acids (2016)

A catalytic diastereoselective Mannich reaction promoted by chiral bifunctional urea-type organocatalysts has been developed. Treatment of N-Boc-3-ketoproline with N-Boc-aldimines under mild conditions afforded the corresponding unnatural proline based amino acid derivatives with excellent diastereoselectivities (up to 99:1) and enantioselectivities (up to 97% ee). The relative configuration of the chiral reaction products was deduced by the comparsion of the experimentally observed ECD spectra to that obtained theorectically.
China's hybrid capital markets (1996)

China's capital markets have taken off since their emergence in the early 1990s. But they are losing steam because China's experimental system, a hybrid of market forces operating within a planned economy, is at odds with itself. If its capital markets are to thrive, China will need to complete its macroeconomic house-cleaning, intervene less in its securities markets, and regulate more effectively.
Appendix. Commercial Implications: Large Scale DNA Production and Quality Control; Technology Advancement and Elucidating the Human Genome (2000)

This chapter covers: Commercial ventures and proprietary information Rational therapeutics development and target identification Batch DNA production, purification and quality control Proteomics cDNA technology, DNA arrays and genomic technology Gene expression, DNA sequencing, model systems genomics
The input dependent Preisach model with stochastic input as a model for aftereffect (1994)

In a previous work, it has been suggested to use the Preisach model driven by stochastic inputs as a model for aftereffect. Here, we further extend this approach by employing the more accurate nonlinear input dependent Preisach model. The time evolution of the expected value of the output (magnetization) is derived in terms of the stochastic description of the input. It is shown that the mathematical machinery of the "exit problem" is instrumental for calculations of time evolutions of the expected value of the output of the nonlinear input dependent Preisach model.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Coherently-combined two channel femtosecond fiber CPA system producing 3 mJ pulse energy (2011)

We present a fiber CPA system consisting of two coherently combined fiber amplifiers, which have been arranged in an actively stabilized Mach-Zehnder interferometer. Pulse durations as short as 470 fs and pulse energies of 3 mJ, corresponding to 5.4 GW of peak power, have been achieved at an average power of 30 W.
Investigation of GaAs/AlxGa1−xAs and InyGa1−yAs/GaAs superlattices on Si substrates (1987)

We have studied the optical properties of lattice-matched GaAs/AlxGa1−xAs and InyGa1−yAs/GaAs strained-layer superlattices grown on Si substrates using the photoreflectance technique. These preliminary results show that good quality III-V epilayers can be grown on Si. The experimental data were compared with calculations based on the envelope-function approximation and fitted to the third-derivative functional form of reflectance modulation theory.
T Cell γ Chain Gene Rearrangement without T Cell Receptor β Chain Gene Rearrangement in Two Cases of Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (1987)

We report two patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma whose neoplastic cells had rearranged T cell gamma chain (T gamma) genes, and had the germ line DNA of T cell receptor beta chain (T beta) and immunoglobulin genes. Surface marker analysis of the neoplastic cells revealed that leukemic cells from one patient were derived from common thymocytes, while in the other patient the clonality and cell lineage could not be identified, probably due to the low percentage of neoplastic cells in the specimen. No phenotypic changes were observed after cultivation with phorbol myristate acetate, except for induction of Tac antigens on cells of one patient. Leukemic cells with only the T gamma gene rearrangement are thought to be precursor T cells that differentiate into mature T cells following T beta gene rearrangement. This suggests that such T cells with only the T gamma gene rearrangement exist among common thymocytes.
Alteration of Immunocompetence by Mammary Tumor Virus2 (1973)

Journal Article Alteration of Immunocompetence by Mammary Tumor Virus Get access D. E. Griswold, D. E. Griswold Department of Medicine, Roger Williams General Hospital and Division of Bio-Medical Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar G. H. Heppner, G. H. Heppner Department of Medicine, Roger Williams General Hospital and Division of Bio-Medical Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar P. Calabresi P. Calabresi Department of Medicine, Roger Williams General Hospital and Division of Bio-Medical Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 50, Issue 4, April 1973, Pages 1035–1038, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/50.4.1035 Published: 01 April 1973 Article history Received: 11 October 1972 Accepted: 15 December 1972 Published: 01 April 1973
On the inadmssibelity of ridge estimator in a linear model (1989)

The necessary and sufficient conditions for the inadmissibility of the ridge regression is discussed under two different criteria, namely, average loss and Pitman nearness. Although the two criteria are very different, same conclusions are obtained. The loss functions considered in this article are th likelihood loss function and the Mahalanobis loss function. The two loss functions are motivated from the point of view of classification of two normal populations. Under the Mahalanobis loss it is demonstrated that the ridge regression is always inadmissible as long as the errors are assumed to be symmetrically distributed about the origin.
Water diffusion compartmentation at high b values in ischemic human brain. (2004)

The restricted diffusion observed in the early stroke is mainly related to a redistribution of water from the FDC to the SDC.
Biomechanical Analysis of Lumbosacral Fixation (1996)

The authors' data demonstrate that the threaded interbody fusion device may be an effective system for immobilization of the L5-S1 disc space. Rigidity of fixation at the lumbosacral junction may be enhanced by use of appropriate anterior interbody fusion techniques.
Advantages of modified osteosynthesis in treatment of osteoporotic long bones fractures--experimental model. (2009)

In surgery of fractured long bones, a patient suffering from osteoporosis represents constant challenge to a surgeon and applied material and instruments that need to destroy as little as possible of an already damaged bone. One potential way of increasing the contact surface between the implants and osteoporotic bone is injection of bone cement (methyl-metacrilat, Palakos) into a prepared screw bed. This method of osteosynthesis was therefore subjected to experimental research to prove that application of modified osteosynthesis using bone cement in treatment of fractures in osteoporotic patients has advantage over the standard method of osteosynthesis because this modified method enables significantly greater firmness and stability of the osteosynthesis, which is the essential precondition of a successful fracture healing. The research was carried out on six macerated cadaveric preparations of a shin bone from the osteological collection from Institute for Anatomy, School of Medicine, University "J. J. Strossmayer". All samples of long bones were artificially broken in the middle part of the diaphysis and then standard osteosynthesis and modified osteosynthesis with screws filled with bone cement were performed on the samples. Results show that under identical static action of the moment of torsion in the modified osteosynthesis torsion angle deviation is lower than in the standard osteosynthesis. In modified osteosynthesis with bone cement the first results for angle of torsion deviation greater than 0.2 degrees were noticed after 120 minutes, while in the standard method of osteosynthesis they were noticed already in the first minute.
Major Histocompatibility Complex and Background Genes in Chickens Influence Susceptibility to High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Virus (2010)

The chicken's major histocompatibility complex (MHC) haplotype has profound influence on the resistance or susceptibility to certain pathogens. For example, the B21 MHC haplotype confers resistance to Marek's disease (MD). However, non-MHC genes are also important in disease resistance. For example, lines 6 and 7 both express the B2 MHC haplotype, but differ in non-MHC genes. Line 6, but not line 7, is highly resistant to tumors induced by the Marek's disease herpesviruses and avian leukosis retroviruses. Recently, survival in the field by Thai indigenous chickens to H5N1 high-pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) outbreaks was attributed to the B21 MHC haplotype, whereas the B13 MHC haplotype was associated with high mortality in the field. To determine the influence of the MHC haplotype on HPAI resistance, a series of MHC congenic white leghorn chicken lines (B2, B12, B13, B19, and B21) and lines with different background genes but with the same B2 MHC haplotype (Line 63 and 7(1)) were intranasally challenged with low dose (10 mean chicken lethal doses) of reverse-genetics-derived rg-A/chicken/Indonesia/7/2003 (H5N1) HPAI virus. None of the lines were completely resistant to lethal effects of the challenge, as evidenced by mortality rates ranging from 40% to 100%. The B21 line had mortality of 40% and 70%, and the B13 line had mortality of 60% and 100% in two separate trials. In addition, the mean death times varied greatly between groups, ranging from 3.7 to 6.9 days, suggesting differences in pathogenesis. The data show that the MHC has some influence on resistance to AI, but less than previously proposed, and non-MHC background genes may have a bigger influence on resistance than the MHC.
Nitro-Oleic Acid (NO2-OA) Improves Systolic Function in Dilated Cardiomyopathy by Attenuating Myocardial Fibrosis (2021)

Nitro-oleic acid (NO<sub>2</sub>-OA), a nitric oxide (NO)- and nitrite (NO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>)-derived electrophilic fatty acid metabolite, displays anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic signaling actions and therapeutic benefit in murine models of ischemia-reperfusion, atrial fibrillation, and pulmonary hypertension. Muscle LIM protein-deficient mice (<i>Mlp<sup>-/-</sup></i>) develop dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), characterized by impaired left ventricular function and increased ventricular fibrosis at the age of 8 weeks. This study investigated the effects of NO<sub>2</sub>-OA on cardiac function in <i>Mlp<sup>-/-</sup></i> mice both in vivo and in vitro. <i>Mlp<sup>-/-</sup></i> mice were treated with NO<sub>2</sub>-OA or vehicle for 4 weeks via subcutaneous osmotic minipumps. Wildtype (WT) littermates treated with vehicle served as controls. <i>Mlp<sup>-/-</sup></i> mice exhibited enhanced TGFβ signalling, fibrosis and severely reduced left ventricular systolic function. NO<sub>2</sub>-OA treatment attenuated interstitial myocardial fibrosis and substantially improved left ventricular systolic function in <i>Mlp<sup>-/-</sup></i> mice. In vitro studies of TGFβ-stimulated primary cardiac fibroblasts further revealed that the anti-fibrotic effects of NO<sub>2</sub>-OA rely on its capability to attenuate fibroblast to myofibroblast transdifferentiation by inhibiting phosphorylation of TGFβ downstream targets. In conclusion, we demonstrate a substantial therapeutic benefit of NO<sub>2</sub>-OA in a murine model of DCM, mediated by interfering with endogenously activated TGFβ signaling.
Entity Linking via Dual and Cross-Attention Encoders (2020)

Entity Linking has two main open areas of research: 1) generate candidate entities without using alias tables and 2) generate more contextual representations for both mentions and entities. Recently, a solution has been proposed for the former as a dual-encoder entity retrieval system (Gillick et al., 2019) that learns mention and entity representations in the same space, and performs linking by selecting the nearest entity to the mention in this space. In this work, we use this retrieval system solely for generating candidate entities. We then rerank the entities by using a cross-attention encoder over the target mention and each of the candidate entities. Whereas a dual encoder approach forces all information to be contained in the small, fixed set of vector dimensions used to represent mentions and entities, a crossattention model allows for the use of detailed information (read: features) from the entirety of each tuple. We experiment with features used in the reranker including different ways of incorporating document-level context. We achieve state-of-the-art results on TACKBP-2010 dataset, with 92.05% accuracy. Furthermore, we show how the rescoring model generalizes well when trained on the larger CoNLL-2003 dataset and evaluated on TACKBP-2010.
Privacy-Preserving Enforcement of Spatially Aware RBAC (2011)

Several models for incorporating spatial constraints into role-based access control (RBAC) have been proposed, and researchers are now focusing on the challenge of ensuring such policies are enforced correctly. However, existing approaches have a major shortcoming, as they assume the server is trustworthy and require complete disclosure of sensitive location information by the user. In this work, we propose a novel framework and a set of protocols to solve this problem. Specifically, in our scheme, a user provides a service provider with role and location tokens along with a request. The service provider consults with a role authority and a location authority to verify the tokens and evaluate the policy. However, none of the servers learn the requesting user's identity, role, or location. In this paper, we define the protocols and the policy enforcement scheme, and present a formal proof of a number of security properties.
Sequential determination of free and total cyanide by flow injection (1999)

This study presents a flow injection system for the sequential determination of free (CN(-)) and total (CN(-)+ HCN) cyanide using a potentiometric method which employs two different processes for the determination of these two chemical species. The first process is based on direct detection of CN(-) using an ion-selective electrode for cyanide. In the second process, the sample is mixed with acid, and the released HCN is transferred across a PTFE membrane. The flow system employs three solenoid valves, a gas diffusion chamber, an ion-selective electrode, a potentiometer, and a computer with an AID conversion card. A Turbo Pascal computer program automatically performs all the steps involved in data acquisition and processing. The standard deviation for the results obtained with the proposed method was 0.5%.
Family of step‐up DC/DC converters with fast dynamic response for low power applications (2016)

This study presents a family of novel step‐up DC/DC converters which do not have a right half plane zero in their transfer function resulting in faster dynamic behaviour of the converters under the load variation. In addition, the voltage stress on all the active switches and diodes is as low as the input voltage level. The basic topology of this converter has a voltage gain of up to two in steady state. The derivatives of the converter are realised by adding a switched capacitor voltage multiplier cell in order to increase the voltage gain further. The most salient feature of these converters is presence of only two switches in the basic converter and its derivatives. The dynamic performance of the proposed converter and its first derivative is analysed by small‐signal model using the state‐space averaging method. The theoretical model is verified by experiments using GaN high‐electron‐mobility transistors with 1 MHz switching frequency.
Effect of Some Rare Earth Oxides Doping on the Morphology, Crystallite Size, Electrical Conductivity and N2O Decomposition Activity of CuO Catalyst (2016)

The present work presents the results of direct catalytic decomposition of nitrous oxide over CuO and its Pr-, Sm- and Tb-promoted catalysts. These catalysts were prepared by the microwave assisted precipitation method, using oxalic acid as precipitant, and subsequent calcination at 500 °C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used for identification of the composition of the dried oxalate precursors and their calcination products. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was used to follow up the thermal stability of the prepared precursors. The obtained catalysts were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy, electrical conductivity and (TEM) H2 temperature programmed reduction (H2- TPR). An enhancement effect of the added rare earth elements was observed during N2O decomposition over the prepared catalysts Assessment of the de-N2O activity was discussed based on the electrical conductivity as well as the H2-TPR results.
Production of Catechol by a Bacillus stearothermophilus Transpositional Mutant (1992)

Abstract The phenol‐utilizing thermophile Bacillus stearothermophilus BR219 was mutagenized with transposon Tn916 introduced on a suicide plasmid using electroporation. The resulting mutant BR321 carried Tn916 integrated in the resident plasmid pGGO1 and accumulated catechol throughout the growth phase.
SYMMETRICALLY POLYSULFONE MEMBRANES OBTAINED BY SOLVENT EVAPORATION USING CARBON NANOTUBES AS ADDITIVES. SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND APPLICATIONS (2013)

This paper presents the synthesis and characterization of a symmetric polysulfone membrane obtained by solvent evaporation using carbon nanotubes as additives in polymer solution. The membranes were synthesized from N, N' - dimethyl formamide with dispersed amino carbon nanotubes. The obtained symmetric membranes by solvent evaporation were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy, Fourier transformed infrared Spectroscopy, Thermal Analysis and were used as membrane reactors for carbon nanotubes functionalization. The composite membrane with functionalized carbon nanotubes were characterized by NMR spectrometry.