gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Adjoint Method for Hole Cavitating Control Through Inverse Nozzle Design (2006)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A mathematical methodology is proposed for the computational inverse design of nozzle shapes producing controlled geometric cavitation. The proposed methodology uses an unstructured RANS flow solver, with the ability to compute sensitivity derivatives via an Adjoint algorithm and independently of the shape parameterisation. The method is used to develop and evaluate conceptual shapes for nozzle hole cavitation reduction. The localised region at the hole inlet where geometric-cavitation is produced, is parameterised using its radius of curvature. The parameterisation method is an empirical curvature fit method suitable for the design and manufacturing of such nozzles. In order to validate the efficiency of the proposed method, the optimisation problem is handled as an inverse design one. The objective function is formed using a target pressure distribution where the negative pressure area is narrowed or even eliminated. Sensitivity derivatives are used to assess the dependence of the localised negative pressure region to the target pressure, and to drive the geometry to a shape which produces it. The results show that the computer model can provide nozzle hole entry shapes that produce predefined flow characteristics, and thus can be used as an inverse or shape optimisation design tool for geometric nozzle hole cavitation control.&lt;/div&gt;
Human APOBEC1 cytidine deaminase edits HBV DNA (2009)

Retroviruses, hepadnaviruses, and some other retroelements are vulnerable to editing by single stranded DNA cytidine deaminases. Of the eleven human genes encoding such enzymes, eight have demonstrable enzymatic activity. Six of seven human APOBEC3 are able to hyperedit HBV DNA, frequently on both strands. Although human APOBEC1 (hA1) is not generally expressed in normal liver, hA1 can edit single stranded DNA in a variety of experimental assays. The possibility of ectopic expression of hA1 in vivo cannot be ruled out and interestingly, transgenic mice with A1 expressed under a liver specific promoter develop hepatocellular carcinoma. The impact of hA1 on HBV in tissue culture is varied with reports noting either reduced DNA synthesis or not, with cytidine deamination taking a low profile. We sought to examine the hA1 editing activity on replicating HBV. Using highly sensitive 3DPCR it was possible to show that hA1 edits the HBV minus DNA strand as efficiently as hA3G, considered the reference deaminase for HIV and HBV. The dinucleotide specificity of editing was unique among human cytidine deaminases providing a hallmark of use in a posteriori analyses of in vivo edited genomes. Analysis of sequences derived from the serum of two chronic carriers, indicated that hA1 explained only a small fraction of edited HBV genomes. By contrast, several human APOBEC3 deaminases were active including hA3G.
<b>Modified Hoyokangoto Added with Ogikenchuto Improved Multiple Complaints in a Patient with Electromagnetic Hypersensitivity and Multiple Chemical </b><b>Sensitivity</b> (2018)

目的：電磁波過敏症合併化学物質過敏症が疑われた患者に有効漢方処方の検討。方法：症状を中医学的に血瘀，陽虚，脾虚と弁証し，中国で半身不随に処方されてきた補気・活血・通絡作用のある補陽還五湯と補陽作用のある肉桂・炮附子を加えた補陽還五湯加肉桂，附子を投与。残存する下痢などの脾虚症状に，補脾作用のある黄耆建中湯を追加投与した。結果：長期にわたる頭痛，脱力発作，不眠などの QOL 低下が速やかに改善した。考察：補陽還五湯加肉桂，炮附子で補気・活血・通絡・補陽して先瀉し，黄蓍建中湯で後補して，化学物質過敏症および電磁波過敏症による諸症状改善に対し，有効である可能性が示唆された。
Regulation of Steady-state β-Amyloid Levels in the Brain by Neprilysin and Endothelin-converting Enzyme but Not Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (2006)

The deposition of beta-amyloid in the brain is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer disease (AD). Normally, the accumulation of beta-amyloid is prevented in part by the activities of several degradative enzymes, including the endothelin-converting enzymes, neprilysin, insulin-degrading enzyme, and plasmin. Recent reports indicate that another metalloprotease, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), can degrade beta-amyloid in vitro and in cellular overexpression experiments. In addition, ACE gene variants are linked to AD risk in several populations. Angiotensin-converting enzyme, neprilysin and endothelin-converting enzyme function as vasopeptidases and are the targets of drugs designed to treat cardiovascular disorders, and ACE inhibitors are commonly prescribed. We investigated the potential physiological role of ACE in regulating endogenous brain beta-amyloid levels for two reasons: first, to determine whether beta-amyloid degradation might be the mechanism by which ACE is associated with AD, and second, to determine whether ACE inhibitor drugs might block beta-amyloid degradation in the brain and potentially increase the risk for AD. We analyzed beta-amyloid accumulation in brains from ACE-deficient mice and in mice treated with ACE inhibitors and found that ACE deficiency did not alter steady-state beta-amyloid concentration. In contrast, beta-amyloid levels are significantly elevated in endothelin-converting enzyme and neprilysin knock-out mice, and inhibitors of these enzymes cause a rapid increase in beta-amyloid concentration in the brain. The results of these studies do not support a physiological role for ACE in the degradation of beta-amyloid in the brain but confirm roles for endothelin-converting enzyme and neprilysin and indicate that reductions in these enzymes result in additive increases in brain amyloid beta-peptide levels.
Four‐dimensional radiotherapy planning for DMLC‐based respiratory motion tracking (2005)

Four-dimensional (4D) radiotherapy is the explicit inclusion of the temporal changes in anatomy during the imaging, planning, and delivery of radiotherapy. Temporal anatomic changes can occur for many reasons, though the focus of the current investigation is respiration motion for lung tumors. The aim of this study was to develop 4D radiotherapy treatment-planning methodology for DMLC-based respiratory motion tracking. A 4D computed tomography (CT) scan consisting of a series of eight 3D CT image sets acquired at different respiratory phases was used for treatment planning. Deformable image registration was performed to map each CT set from the peak-inhale respiration phase to the CT image sets corresponding to subsequent respiration phases. Deformable registration allows the contours defined on the peak-inhale CT to be automatically transferred to the other respiratory phase CT image sets. Treatment planning was simultaneously performed on each of the eight 3D image sets via automated scripts in which the MLC-defined beam aperture conforms to the PTV (which in this case equaled the GTV due to CT scan length limitations) plus a penumbral margin at each respiratory phase. The dose distribution from each respiratory phase CT image set was mapped back to the peak-inhale CT image set for analysis. The treatment intent of 4D planning is that the radiation beam defined by the DMLC tracks the respiration-induced target motion based on a feedback loop including the respiration signal to a real-time MLC controller. Deformation with respiration was observed for the lung tumor and normal tissues. This deformation was verified by examining the mapping of high contrast objects, such as the lungs and cord, between image sets. For the test case, dosimetric reductions for the cord, heart, and lungs were found for 4D planning compared with 3D planning. 4D radiotherapy planning for DMLC-based respiratory motion tracking is feasible and may offer tumor dose escalation and/or a reduction in treatment-related complications. However, 4D planning requires new planning tools, such as deformable registration and automated treatment planning on multiple CT image sets.
Radiology Diagnostic Devices Under Emergency Electric Power at Disaster Base Hospitals During the Acute Phase of the Great East Japan Earthquake: Results of a Survey of All Disaster Base Hospitals in Miyagi Prefecture (2014)

Pre-disaster plans to allocate emergency electric power are required for disaster base hospitals to effectively operate radiology diagnostic devices after a disaster. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2014;8:548-552).
Champs aléatoires projetés sur l'espace de Hough pour une détection robuste de la pupille de l'oeil (2015)

National audience
Genetic Structure of Six Korean Tea Populations as Revealed by RAPD-PCR Markers (2002)

Numerous Korean tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] populations abandoned for more than nine centuries represent important genetic resources for future breeding of new tea types and tastes. This study was conducted to evaluate on the basis of random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) markers the degree and organization of genetic diversity within and between six Korea populations and to formulate conservation strategies for tea populations in Korea. Of the 50 RAPD primers screened, 12 primers generated 25 reproducible and polymorphic bands. The genetic diversity within populations calculated from the Nei's index averaged 0.33 and was relatively lower than that found in other natural plant populations. This could be explained by the narrow genetic base of the tea samples introduced from Mainland China and considerable reduction in population size following mass destruction of tea populations in the fourteenth century. No geographical trends were observed among the tea populations following classification by unweighted pair group method and arithmetic average (UPGMA) and Nei distances and factorial correspondence analysis (FCA) carried out on individual samples. Even though highly significant differences were found among populations upon an analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), a markedly higher proportion of diversity was observed within populations (84%) as compared with between populations (16%). The fact that most diversity is within populations reflects the highly outcrossing nature of tea species. In the light of these results, it is proposed that conservation efforts target whole diverse populations rather than selected individuals from different populations. Due consideration should nevertheless be given to populations comprising private or rare alleles.
Biodiesel fuel production from resdual animal fat as an inedible and inexpensive feedstock. (2013)

In agricultural parts, the main consumers of fuel are diesel engines and agricultural machinery. Between agricultural Machineries Tractors and combines are the greatest consumers of diesel fuel. Bio-diesel is an alternative to petroleum-based fuels derived from vegetable oils, animal fats, and used waste cooking oil including triglycerides. Using low-cost feedstocks such as rendered animal fats in biodiesel production will cause biodiesel expenditures to be reduced. The aim of this study was to obtain a new and environmentally friendly process for developing biodiesel production technology from waste animal fats, as an inedible and inexpensive feedstock (as low cost sustainable potential feed stock for biodiesel production). Their main characteristic was high free fatty acid content. This is based on a study of the amounts of residual fat that is possible to recover from local animal butchery (Slaughterhouse). Waste animal fat is considered a promising cheap alternative feedstock for biodiesel production that does not compete with food stock. In addition, using waste animal fat as a feedstock is considered a waste management process.The data resulted from gas chromatography (GC) revealed these percentages for fatty acid compositions: myristic acid (3%), palmitic acid (27%), stearic acid (0.19%), oleic acid (59%), linoleic acid (3%) and gadoleic acid (5.5%). Animal fats were transesterified with acid catalyst and basic catalyst with and without preesterification. Pre-treatment was effective for fats with different FFA content. Alkali transesterification of esterified fats resulted in a product with 98 wt. % ester content. Biodiesel quality was evaluated and most of properties were well within EN 14214.
A mixed‐integer optimization framework for de novo peptide identification (2006)

A novel methodology for the de novo identification of peptides by mixed-integer optimization and tandem mass spectrometry is presented in this article. The various features of the mathematical model are presented and examples are used to illustrate the key concepts of the proposed approach. Several problems are examined to illustrate the proposed method's ability to address (1) residue-dependent fragmentation properties and (2) the variability of resolution in different mass analyzers. A preprocessing algorithm is used to identify important m/z values in the tandem mass spectrum. Missing peaks, resulting from residue-dependent fragmentation characteristics, are dealt with using a two-stage algorithmic framework. A cross-correlation approach is used to resolve missing amino acid assignments and to identify the most probable peptide by comparing the theoretical spectra of the candidate sequences that were generated from the MILP sequencing stages with the experimental tandem mass spectrum.
A controlled field pilot for testing near surface CO2 detection techniques and transport models (2009)

A field facility has been developed to allow controlled studies of near surface CO2 transport and detection technologies. The key component of the facility is a shallow, slotted horizontal well divided into six zones. The scale and fluxes were designed to address large scale CO2 storage projects and desired retention rates for those projects. A wide variety of detection techniques were deployed by collaborators from 6 national labs, 2 universities, EPRI, and the USGS. Additionally, modeling of CO2 transport and concentrations in the saturated soil and in the vadose zone was conducted. An overview of these results will be presented.
Efficient Methods for Simulating a Moving Talker in a Rectangular Room (1991)

In this paper, we describe two methods for efficiently simulating the response of a microphone to a moving talker in a rectangular room. Both methods are based on an extension of the image method to moving sources. In the first method, the microphone output signal is obtained by performing a time-domain filtering operation on the original speech signal, while in the second method, a timefrequency representation of this filtering operation is used. In each case, computational load and memory requirements are considerably reduced by taking advantage of the fact that the talker velocity is much smaller than the speed of sound.
The Ribosome as a Conveying Thermal Ratchet Machine (2009)

This biochemical group was one of the most creative in the country. It was world-renowned because of several important discoveries in the field of nucleic acid studies. In the thirties of the last century, it succeeded in settling the question of the universal occurrence of two known types of nucleic acids, ribonucleic acid (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), in living matter. At that time, many biochemists believed that RNA is a characteristic component of plants and fungi, whereas DNA (designated as "thymonucleic acid" or "animal nucleic acid") belongs to the animal kingdom. The presence of DNA in plant cells raised doubts, as the positive cytochemical Feulgen reaction in plant cell nuclei was the only indirect evidence. Belozersky and colleagues were the first to isolate thymine and then DNA (thymonucleic acid) from higher plants (1, 2), thus proving the universal occurrence of DNA. The next series of studies was carried out on bacteria (3) and demonstrated that both RNA and DNA were present there, again confirming the idea of the universality of the occurrence of both types of nucleic acids in organisms of different phylogenetic kingdoms. At the same time, the studies on bacteria showed that these organisms were deserving of special attention because of the high content of nucleic acids in their cells. During the years from 1939 to 1947, the systematic studies of the content of nucleic acids in bacteria of various taxonomic families, of different ages, and under different physiological conditions were performed in both subgroups headed by Belozersky (4). The high level of nucleic acids in cells was postulated to be in direct relation to their biological activities, growth rate, and cell proliferation.
Block Talk: Spatial Language During Block Play (2011)

Spatial skills are a central component of intellect and show marked individual differences. There is evidence that variations in the spatial language young children hear, which directs their attention to important aspects of the spatial environment, may be one of the mechanisms that contributes to these differences. To investigate how play affects variations in language, parents and children were assigned to 1 of 3 conditions: free play with blocks, guided play, or play with preassembled structures (Study 1). Parents in the guided play condition produced significantly higher proportions of spatial talk than parents in the other two conditions, and children in the guided play condition produced significantly more spatial talk than those in the free play condition. Study 2 established baselines of spatial language during activities not involving spatial materials. Proportions of spatial words were lower than those in any of the conditions of Experiment 1. In sum, interaction with blocks naturally elicits elevated levels of spatial language, especially in the context of guided play, suggesting simple‐to‐execute educational interventions.
Power bus optimal sizing in presence of power supply noise (2001)

As a consequence of the growing complexity in ultra deep submicron designs, phenomena like IR drops, electromigration and ground bounce are assuming increasing proportions in high performance integrated circuits, compromising their performances and their functionality. This paper suggests a methodology to evaluate power supply noise generation while optimizing power supply bus sizes. Its appropriateness seems to be helpful if applied during the circuit design flow in conjunction with a project tool having as a preeminent target noise reduction.
Role of Tactical EMS in Support of Public Safety and the Public Health Response to a Hostile Mass Casualty Incident (2007)

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Chemical and physical parameters as quality indicators of used frying fats (2000)

There are many methods available in the literature to test the physical properties and chemical changes of frying fats. Physical methods include density, viscosity, smoke point, colour, refractive index, ultraviolet (UV) absorption, infra-red spectroscopy, and dielectric constant. Chemical tests are the determination of free fatty acids (acid value), iodine value, anisidine index, saponification value, non-oxidised monomer fatty acids, polymerised triglycerides, fatty acids insoluble in petrol ether, and total polar compounds. Quality control in the production of fried food, whether the analyst is a quality control inspector or a member of the health food inspection service, demands a simple, easy procedure, using no chemicals. The results should correspond to official methods such as polar compounds. Among all physical and chemical methods, the determination of polar materials, polymerised triglycerides by size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC), and acid value were selected to be compared with the results of the measurements of the dielectricity constant (Food Oil Sensor) and the relative viscosity and density (Fri-Check®,respectively. More than 150 samples, taken in commerce by the food inspection, were analysed and statistically evaluated.
Optimizing Treatment for Insomnia (2021)

By tailoring the mechanism of action and effects of therapy to the specific nature of each patient's insomnia and other conditions, clinicians can offer personalized care in an attempt to achieve an improved risk-benefit ratio compared to that of a "one-size-fits-all" treatment strategy. To move toward this personalization and optimization of treatment, clinicians need awareness of the specific effects of interventions and the subpopulations with insomnia who would benefit from each intervention. This report reviews insomnia treatments, focusing on effects associated with mechanism of action.
Yeast Ribosomal Proteins: VII. Cytoplasmic Ribosomal Proteins (1983)

Summary. The cytoplasmic ribosomal proteins from a fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe were analysed by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Seventy-three protein species were identified in the 80S ribosome, and named SP-S1 to SP-$33 and SP-L1 to SP-L40 in the small and large subunits, respectively. Many of these proteins could be correlated to those of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the basis of their electrophoretic mobilities. Eleven proteins were isolated from the 80S ribosome, and their amino acid compositions were determined. Of these, SP-S6, SP-LI, SP-L12, SP-L15, SP-L17, SP-L27, SP-L36 and SPL40c and d were sequenced from their amino-termini. SP$28 and SP-L2 appear to have their amino-termini blocked. These results were compared with the data available for the S. cerevisiae and rat liver ribosomal proteins. The S. cerevisiae counterparts of the eight proteins mentioned above were found to be YS4, YL1, YL10, YL14, YL35, YL40 and YL44c and d, respectively. The rat liver counterparts of SP-S6, SP-L1, SP-L27 and SP-L40c and d were the rat $6, L4, L37 and P2, respectively. Comparison of the partial sequences of these ribosomal proteins suggests that these two yeasts are relatively far apart, phylogenetically.
A facile electrochemical intercalation and microwave assisted exfoliation methodology applied to screen-printed electrochemical-based sensing platforms to impart improved electroanalytical outputs (2018)

Screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) are ubiquitous with the field of electrochemistry allowing researchers to translate sensors from the laboratory to the field. In this paper, we report an electrochemically driven intercalation process where an electrochemical reaction uses an electrolyte as a conductive medium as well as the intercalation source, which is followed by exfoliation and heating/drying via microwave irradiation, and applied to the working electrode of screen-printed electrodes/sensors (termed EDI-SPEs) for the first time. This novel methodology results in an increase of up to 85% of the sensor area (electrochemically active surface area, as evaluated using an outer-sphere redox probe). Upon further investigation, it is found that an increase in the electroactive area of the EDI-screen-printed based electrochemical sensing platforms is critically dependent upon the analyte and its associated electrochemical mechanism (i.e. adsorption vs. diffusion). Proof-of-concept for the electrochemical sensing of capsaicin, a measure of the hotness of chillies and chilli sauce, within both model aqueous solutions and a real sample (Tabasco sauce) is demonstrated in which the electroanalytical sensitivity (a plot of signal vs. concentration) is doubled when utilising EDI-SPEs over that of SPEs.
Lead poisoning in construction. (1995)

Ways to prevent lead poisoning and regulations intended to eliminate exposures to lead are the topics here. Lead registries and other studies are described that were designed to evaluate the extent of the problem and to address the lack of routine blood-lead monitoring in the industry.
Anomalous diffusion and memory effects on the impedance spectroscopy for finite-length situations (2011)

The contribution of ions to the electrical impedance of an electrolytic cell limited by perfect blocking electrodes is determined by considering the role of the anomalous diffusion process and memory effects. Analytical solutions for fractional diffusion equations together with Poisson's equation relating the effective electric field to the net charge density are found. This procedure allows the construction of general expressions for the electrochemical impedance satisfying the Kramers-Kronig relations when the diffusion of ions in the cell is characterized by the usual, as well as by anomalous, behavior.