gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal study of the assessment by MRI and diffusion‐weighted imaging of tumor response in patients with locally advanced breast cancer undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (2008)

Measurements of tumor apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), volume and diameter in assessing the response of patients with locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) (n = 56) undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) at four time periods (before treatment and after three cycles of NACT) were carried out at 1.5 T using diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and MRI. Ten benign tumors and 15 controls were also investigated. The MR tumor response was compared with the clinical response. Mean ADC before treatment of malignant breast tissue was significantly lower than that of controls, disease-free contralateral tissue of the patients, and benign lesions, and gradually increased during the course of NACT. Analysis of the percentage change in ADC, volume and diameter after each cycle of NACT between clinical responders and non-responders showed that the change in ADC after the first cycle was statistically significant compared with volume and diameter, indicating its potential in assessing early response. After the third cycle, the sensitivity for differentiating responders from non-responders was 89% for volume and diameter and 68% for ADC, and the respective specificities were 50%, 70% and 100%. A sensitivity of 84% (specificity of 60% with an accuracy of 76%) was achieved when all three variables were taken together to predict the response. A cut-off value of ADC was also calculated using receiver operator characteristics analysis to discriminate between normal, benign and malignant breast tissue. Similarly, a cut-off value for ADC, volume and diameter was obtained after the second and third cycles of NACT to predict tumor response. The results show that ADC is more useful for predicting early tumor response to NACT than morphological variables, suggesting its potential in effective treatment management.
Permanent-Magnet Brushless Machines With Unequal Tooth Widths and Similar Slot and Pole Numbers (2005)

This paper presents a comparative study of three-phase permanent-magnet brushless machines in which the slot and pole numbers are similar, with reference to conventional brushless dc machines in which the ratio of the slot number to pole number is usually 3 : 2. Three different motor designs are considered. Two have equal tooth widths, with one having a coil wound on every tooth and the other only having a coil wound on alternate teeth, while the third machine also has coils wound on alternate teeth but these are wider than the unwound teeth while the width of their tooth tips is almost equal to the rotor pole pitch in order to maximize the flux linkage and torque. Analytical and finite-element methods are employed to predict the flux-linkage and back-electromotive-force waveforms, and the self- and mutual-inductances, and these are shown to be in good agreement with measured results. It is also shown that the third machine is eminently appropriate for brushless dc operation.
Effect of altered gastric emptying and gastrointestinal motility on metformin absorption (2000)

Aims The purpose of this in vivo human study was to assess the effect of altered gastric emptying and gastrointestinal motility on the absorption of metformin in healthy subjects. Methods An open‐label, three treatment, three period crossover study was conducted in 11 healthy volunteers. Each subject received 550 mg metformin hydrochloride in solution alone; 5 min after a 10 mg i.v. dose of metoclopramide; and 30 min after a 30 mg oral dose of propantheline. Metformin solution was radiolabeled by the addition of 99m Tc‐DTPA. The gastrointestinal transit of the solution was monitored by gamma scintigraphy and the pharmacokinetic data were correlated with the scintigraphic findings. Results Scintigraphic data indicated that pretreatment with metoclopramide decreased gastric emptying time and increased gastrointestinal motility while pretreatment with propantheline had the opposite effect. The systemic disposition of metformin was not altered by pretreatment with metoclopramide and propantheline, as judged by unchanged renal clearance and elimination half‐life of metformin. Extent of metformin absorption was essentially unchanged after pretreatment with metoclopramide. However, AUC(0,∞) and % UR (percent dose excreted unchanged in urine) generally increased with increase in gastric emptying time and small intestinal transit times. GI overlay plots showed that the absorption phase of metformin plasma profile always coincided with gastric emptying and the beginning of decline of metformin plasma concentrations was usually associated with the colon arrival. Only in cases where the intestinal transit was drastically prolonged by propantheline pretreatment, was a decline in plasma levels observed prior to colon arrival. Conclusions Metformin is primarily absorbed from the small intestine. The extent of metformin absorption is improved when the gastrointestinal motility is slowed. These findings have significant implications in the design of a metformin modified release dosage form.
A Framework for Reliability Assessment in Multilevel Phase-Change Memory (2012)

Multilevel-cell (MLC) storage is the preferred way for achieving increased capacity and thus lower cost-per-bit in memory technologies. In phase-change memory (PCM), MLC storage is hampered by noise and resistance drift. In this paper the issue of reliability in MLC PCM devices is addressed at the array level. The purpose of this study is to identify the dominant reliability issues in PCM arrays and to provide a practical methodology to assess the reliability and predict the retention of multilevel states. Experimental data are used to derive and fit simple empirical models which can be used to assess the device reliability over the course of time.
QoSaaS: quality of service as a service (2011)

Deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) has been proved to be a successful reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm for continuous control tasks. However, DDPG still suffers from data insufficiency and training inefficiency, especially, in computationally complex environments. In this article, we propose asynchronous episodic DDPG (AE-DDPG), as an expansion of DDPG, which can achieve more effective learning with less training time required. First, we design a modified scheme for data collection in an asynchronous fashion. Generally, for asynchronous RL algorithms, sample efficiency or/and training stability diminish as the degree of parallelism increases. We consider this problem from the perspectives of both data generation and data utilization. In detail, we redesign experience replay by introducing the idea of episodic control so that the agent can latch on good trajectories rapidly. In addition, we also inject a new type of noise in action space to enrich the exploration behaviors. Experiments demonstrate that our AE-DDPG achieves higher rewards and requires less time consumption than most popular RL algorithms in learning to run task which has a computationally complex environment. Not limited to the control tasks in the computationally complex environments, AE-DDPG also achieves higher rewards and two-fold to four-fold improvement in sample efficiency on average compared with other variants of DDPG in MuJoCo environments. Furthermore, we verify the effectiveness of each proposed technique component through abundant ablation study.
Outcome of major ABO-incompatible nonmyeloablative hematopoietic stem cell transplantation may be influenced by conditioning regimen (2002)

We read with interest the recent paper by Bolan et al documenting delayed donor red cell chimerism following major ABO-incompatible nonmyeloablative compared to myeloablative hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and an associated increased incidence of pure red cell aplasia (PRCA).[1][1] The
Persistent COVID-19 Symptoms Minimally Impact the Development of SARS-CoV-2-Specific T Cell Immunity (2021)

SARS-CoV-2 represents an unprecedented public health challenge. While the majority of SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 resolve their infection with few complications, some individuals experience prolonged symptoms lasting for weeks after initial diagnosis. Persistent viral infections are commonly accompanied by immunologic dysregulation, but it is unclear if persistent COVID-19 impacts the development of virus-specific cellular immunity. To this end, we analyzed SARS-CoV-2-specific cellular immunity in convalescent COVID-19 patients who experienced eight days or fewer of COVID-19 symptoms or symptoms persisting for 18 days or more. We observed that persistent COVID-19 symptoms were not associated with the development of an overtly dysregulated cellular immune response. Furthermore, we observed that reactivity against the N protein from SARS-CoV-2 correlates with the amount of reactivity against the seasonal human coronaviruses 229E and NL63. These results provide insight into the processes that regulate the development of cellular immunity against SARS-CoV-2 and related human coronaviruses.
Generation of the alloreactive T-cell repertoire: interaction of T-cell genotype and maturation environment. (1982)

The influences of the T-cell genotype and the T-cell maturation environment on generation of the T-cell alloreactive repertoire were evaluated in cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses to Kb mutant determinants expressed by the strains B6. C-H-2bm1 and B6-H2-bm6. By constructing bone marrow chimeras using either H-2b of H-2d mice as the source of donor cells and either H-2d or H-2b irradiated mice as recipients, it was first determined whether the T-cell major histocompatibility complex genotype alone determines the alloreactive repertoire. The results of such experiments indicated that H-2b T cells that have matured in a normal H-2b environment (C57BL/6N, C57BL/10Sn) or H-2d T cells that have matured in a chimeric H-2b environment (B10.D2 leads to C57BL/10Sn) are responsive to Kbm1 and Kbm6 determinants while H-2b T cells that have matured in an H-2d chimeric environment (C57BL/10Sn leads to B10.D2) have a diminished responsiveness to H-2bm1 and are completely unresponsive to H-2bm6. These findings showed that T-cell genotype alone does not determine the alloreactive repertoire to mutant Kbm1 and Kbm6 determinants and suggested that the T-cell maturation environment plays a critical role in this process. Further studies were carried out to determine whether the T-cell maturation environment alone determines this repertoire, such that maturation in an H-2b but not in an H-2d environment is both necessary and sufficient to generate reactivity to Kbm6. Experiments in which either H-2d responder populations neonatally made tolerant to H-2b or unlabeled target blocking of normal H-2d responders were used provided evidence that T cells specific for Kbm6 mutant determinants are present in the repertoire of H-2d T cells that have matured in an H-2d environment. These findings suggest that the alloreactive T-cell repertoire is not determined by the T-cell major histocompatibility complex genotype alone or by the T-cell maturation environment alone but rather than it is the product of unique interactions between the two.
Local anaesthesia and inguinal hernia repair: a cautionary tale. (1994)

Two patients undergoing inguinal herniorrhaphy developed transient quadriceps paresis after local inguinal nerve block. One sustained a compound fracture of the distal tibia and fibula. The importance of warning the patient and of increasing the awareness of nursing staff to the possibility of quadriceps weakness after use of local anaesthetic is emphasised.
Investigation of SAW W-CDMA antenna duplexer and GSM-based fem including duplexer (2005)

GSM/W-CDMA dual-mode phones will be required in Europe and elsewhere. Therefore, we must not only develop a SAW antenna duplexer for W-CDMA but also combine the duplexer with a GSM-based SAW FEM (front-end module). First, we show characteristics of a W-CDMA duplexer developed using conventional hybrid-ceramics multi-layered technologies. Next, we investigate configurations of the GSM-based FEM which includes the W-CDMA duplexer. We also examine the non-linear characteristics of the SAW duplexer, because very high off-band blocking characteristics are required by 3GPP specifications. Not only performance improvement of the SAW filters but also miniaturization of the duplexer are presented to achieve the future multi-band/multi-mode FEMs.
Ten years of METEOR (an international rheumatoid arthritis registry): development, research opportunities and future perspectives. (2017)

Since METEOR was founded 10 years ago, many rheumatologists worldwide have used the METEOR tool to follow-up their patients and improve the quality of care they provide to their patients. Combined with uploaded data, this has led to an extensive growth of the database. It now offers a unique opportunity to study daily practice care and to perform research regarding cross-country differences in a large, worldwide setting, which could provide important knowledge about disease and its treatment in different geographic and clinical settings.
Synthesis, physical properties and applications of semiconductor nanowires (2013)

Nanowires have been a top-five focused research topics in physics, and stimulated intensive interests world-wide. In this review, we sumurrize the controllable growth of semiconductor nanowires, highlight the unique physical properties of the nanowires, expatiate their potential applications for high quality vacuum electron source, novel efficient optoelectronic devices, new-type energy devices, and finally discuss the future development prospects.
Quantitative proteome analysis of ovarian cancer tissues using a iTRAQ approach (2012)

Quantitative proteomics can be used as a screening tool for identification of differentially expressed proteins as potential biomarkers for cancers. Here, we comparatively analyzed the proteome profiles of ovarian cancer tissues and normal ovarian epithelial tissues. Using the high-throughput proteomic technology of isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-coupled with two-dimensional-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, 1,259 unique proteins were identified. Of those, 205 were potentially differentially expressed between ovarian cancer and normal ovarian tissues. Several of the potentially differentially expressed proteins were validated by Western blotting and real-time quantitative RT-PCR analyses. Furthermore, up-regulation of KRT8, PPA1, IDH2, and S100A11 were validated in ovarian tissue microarrays by immunohistochemistry. Silencing of S100A11 expression suppressed the migration and invasion properties of ovarian cancer cells in vitro. Our study represents the successful application of iTRAQ technology to an investigation of ovarian cancer. Many of the potentially differentially expressed proteins identified had not been linked to ovarian cancer before, and provide valuable novel insights into the underlying mechanisms of carcinogenesis in human ovarian cancer.
Seasonal Development ofPhoracantha recurvaandP. semipunctata(Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Southern California (2004)

A seasonal development study of the cerambycid beetles Phoracantha recurva Newman and Phoracantha semipunctata (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) was conducted under eld conditions to look for differences in the developmental parameters of these congeneric species in southern California. Neonate larvae were introduced into eucalyptus logs in February, May, July, and October, and the infested logs were held in eld cages at two locations: an inland desert site and a more temperate coastal site. Development times from neonate larva to emerged adult and percent emergence were recorded for beetles from all log cohorts at both sites. Under southern California climatic conditions, P. semipunctata seems to complete only one generation per year. Adult P. semipunctata emerged from infested logs from June to October. In contrast, P. recurva seems to be able to complete one generation and begin a second generation within the same year. Adult P. recurva emerged from infested logs from February to October. Across all treatments, a greater percentage of P. recurva (70 2.5%) completed development in host logs than P. semipunctata (64 1.5%). The majority of P. recurva (74.9%) and P. semipunctata (99.4%) emerged during June, July, and August. Host quality was correlated with beetle size. Overall, the differences in the developmental parameters of the two species may be contributing to the replacement of P. semipunctata by P. recurva in their shared habitat niche in southern California.
Cytoplasmic phase separation in formation of galactosemic cataract in lenses of young rats (1979)

We have determined the age dependence of the characteristics of the cytoplasmic phase separation of lenses from normal and galactosemic young rats. In the normal lens, the temperature at which the phase separation occurs decreases monotonically with age. In the lenses of rats fed with a high galactose diet, the phase separation temperature becomes increasingly higher with the development of galactosemia. When the phase separation temperature becomes higher than the ocular temperature, the nuclear opacity appears in vivo. The opacity is the result of light scattering by spatial fluctuations of the refractive index formed by interspersed regions of two separated phases in the fiber cell cytoplasm. This shows that the nuclear opacity that develops in the lens of galactosemic rats is the manifestation of phase separation of the lens fiber cytoplasm.
Three-dimensional imaging of in vivo bones and joints with diffuse optical tomography (2002)

We report full three-dimensional (3D) volumetric reconstruction of absorption images of in vivo bones and joints from near-infrared (NIR) tomographic measurements. Imaging experiments were conducted on human fingers and wrists embedded in cylindrical scattering media using a single-detection multi-channel diffuse optical imager. The volumetric optical images were recovered with our 3D finite element based reconstruction algorithm. Our results show that 3D imaging methods can provide details of the joint structure/composition that would be impossible from 2D imaging methods.
BRRISON IR Camera (BIRC) (2014)

BIRC is a multispectral infrared imager designed to operate in 8 bandpasses between 2.5 and 5.0 μm utilizing a cryocooled HgCdTe detector and Ø80 cm telescope. The instrument was flown on a ballooncraft platform and operated in a near-space environment. BIRC was designed to measure the water and CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from the comet ISON. The system produces an f/4 image over a field of view of 3 arcminutes, and employs shift/co-add algorithms to observe dim objects. An innovative thermal design holds the system components in separate vacuum and atmospheric zones which are independent of the neighboring instrument deck. This paper summarizes the design, test and integration of the BIRC instrument.
Transient lattice dynamics in fs-laser-excited semiconductors probed by ultrafast X-ray diffraction (2001)

Using time-resolved x-ray diffraction ultafast lattice dynamics in fs-laser-excited crystalline bulk Ge and Ge/Si-heterostructures has been studied. This experimental technique uniquely allows us to observe fast energy transport deep into. the bulk of the material, coherent acoustic phonon dynamics, lattice anharmonicity, and vibrational transport across a buried interface.
Gene Array‐Based Identification of Changes That Contribute to Ethanol Tolerance in Ethanologenic Escherichia coli : Comparison of KO11 (Parent) to LY01 (Resistant Mutant) (2003)

Escherichia coli KO11 (parent) and LY01 (mutant) have been engineered for the production of ethanol. Gene arrays were used to identify expression changes that occurred in the mutant, LY01, during directed evolution to improve ethanol tolerance (defined as extent of growth in the presence of added ethanol). Expression levels for 205 (5%) of the ORFs were found to differ significantly (p < 0.10) between KO11 and LY01 under each of six different growth conditions (p < 0.000001). Statistical evaluation of differentially expressed genes according to various classification schemes identified physiological areas of importance. A large fraction of differentially expressed ORFs were globally regulated, leading to the discovery of a nonfunctional fnr gene in strain LY01. In agreement with a putative role for FNR in alcohol tolerance, increasing the copy number of fnr(+) in KO11(pGS196) decreased ethanol tolerance but had no effect on growth in the absence of ethanol. Other differences in gene expression provided additional clues that permitted experimentation. Tolerance appears to involve increased metabolism of glycine (higher expression of gcv genes) and increased production of betaine (higher expression of betIBA and betT encoding betaine synthesis from choline and choline uptake, respectively). Addition of glycine (10 mM) increased ethanol tolerance in KO11 but had no effect in the absence of ethanol. Addition of betaine (10 mM) increased ethanol tolerance by over 2-fold in both LY01 and KO11 but had no effect on growth in the absence of ethanol. Both glycine and betaine can serve as protective osmolytes, and this may be the basis of their beneficial action. In addition, the marAB genes encoding multiple antibiotic resistance proteins were expressed at higher levels in LY01 as compared to KO11. Interestingly, overexpression of marAB in KO11 made this strain more ethanol-sensitive. Overexpression of marAB in LY01 had no effect on ethanol tolerance. Increased expression of genes encoding serine uptake (sdaC) and serine deamination (sdaB) also appear beneficial for LY01. Addition of serine increased the growth of LY01 in the presence and absence of ethanol but had no effect on KO11. Changes in the expression of several genes concerned with the synthesis of the cell envelope components were also noted, which may contribute to increased ethanol tolerance.
Multiphoton-induced fluorescence and ionization of B/sup 1/. sigma. /sup +/ carbon monoxide (1983)

The B/sup 1/..sigma../sup +/ state of carbon monoxide was created by a two-photon absorption of 230-nm laser radiation. The B/sup 1/..sigma../sup +/ state was identified by the positions of the 0-0 absorption band Q-branch and the vibrational bands of B/sup 1/..sigma../sup +/ ..-->.. A/sup 1/PI fluorescence occurring in the 525-nm region. Collision-induced b/sup 3/..sigma../sup +/ ..-->.. a/sup 3/PI emission in the 350-nm region was also observed. The lifetimes of both the B/sup 1/..sigma../sup +/ state and the b/sup 3/..sigma../sup +/ state were measured as well as the self-quenching rate constants and the B/sup 1/..sigma../sup +/ quenching rate by N/sub 2/. In addition to the two-photon-induced fluorescence of B/sup 1/..sigma../sup +/ carbon monoxide, a three-photon ionization was observed. Laser power-dependence studies indicated that ionization of the B/sup 1/..sigma../sup +/ state is readily saturated, implying that most B/sup 1/..sigma../sup +/ state CO is ionized rather than fluorescing. Measurement of the polarization ratio for circularly and linearly polarized excitation of fluorescence and ionization suggests that another three-photon process is occurring and occurs more efficiently for linear polarization.
Unilateral map-dot-fingerprint dystrophy after acute angle-closure glaucoma: a case report. (1993)

We report a case of ipsilateral Cogan microcystic epithelial dystrophy in a young hypermetropic woman eight weeks after an attack of acute angle-closure glaucoma