gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Medium-Power Lead-Alloy Fast Reactor Balance-of-Plant Options (2004)

Proper selection of the power conversion cycle is a very important step in the design of a nuclear reactor. Due to the higher core outlet temperature (˜550°C) compared to that of light water reactors (˜300°C), a wide portfolio of power cycles is available for the lead alloy fast reactor (LFR). Comparison of the following cycles for the LFR was performed: superheated steam (direct and indirect), supercritical steam, helium Brayton, and supercritical CO2 (S-CO2) recompression. Heat transfer from primary to secondary coolant was first analyzed and then the steam generators or heat exchangers were designed. The direct generation of steam in the lead alloy coolant was also evaluated. The resulting temperatures of the secondary fluids are in the range of 530–545°C, dictated by the fixed space available for the heat exchangers in the reactor vessel. For the direct steam generation situation, the temperature is 312°C. Optimization of each power cycle was carried out, yielding net plant efficiency of around 40% for the superheated steam cycle while the supercritical steam and S-CO2 cycles achieved net plant efficiency of 41%. The cycles were then compared based on their net plant efficiency and potential for low capital cost. The superheated steam cycle is a very good candidate cycle given its reasonably high net plant efficiency and ease of implementation based on the extensive knowledge and operating experience with this cycle. Although the supercritical steam cycle net plant efficiency is slightly better than that of the superheated steam cycle, its high complexity and high pressure result in higher capital cost, negatively affecting plant economics. The helium Brayton cycle achieves low net plant efficiency due to the low lead alloy core outlet temperature, and therefore, even though it is a simpler cycle than the steam cycles, its performance is mediocre in this application. The prime candidate, however, appears to be the S-CO2 recompression cycle, because it achieves about the same net plant efficiency as the supercritical steam cycle and is significantly simpler than the steam cycles. Moreover, the S-CO2 cycle offers a significantly higher potential for an increase in efficiency than steam cycles, after better materials allow the LFR operating temperatures to be increased. Therefore, the S-CO2 is chosen as the reference cycle for the LFR, with the superheated or supercritical steam cycles as backups if the S-CO2 cycle development efforts do not succeed.
A model for the erythrocyte—I1 (1971)

A model for the erythrocyte is proposed based upon the Ovals of Cassini. Calculations of the volume, surface area and “sphericity index” are given for this model. In order to evaluate drag coefficients, inverse prolate and inverse oblate spheroidal coordinates were used.
Optimization of Gamma Knife radiosurgery (2000)

The Gamma Knife is a highly specialized treatment unit that pro-&#13;\nvides an advanced stereotactic approach to the treatment of tumors, vascular&#13;\nmalformations, and pain disorders within the head. Inside a shielded treatment&#13;\nunit, beams from 201 radioactive sources are focused so that they intersect at&#13;\nthe same location in space, resulting in a spherical region of high dose referred&#13;\nto as a shot of radiation. The location and width of the shots can be ad-&#13;\njusted using focussing helmets. By properly combining a set of shots, larger&#13;\ntreatment volumes can be successfully treated with the Gamma Knife.&#13;\nThe goal of this project is to automate the treatment planning process.&#13;\nFor each patient, an optimization seeks to produce a dose distribution that&#13;\nconforms closely to the treatment volume. The variables in the optimization&#13;\ncan include the number of shots of radiation along with the size, the location,&#13;\nand the weight assigned to each. Formulation of such problems using a variety&#13;\nof mathematical programming models is described, and the solution of several&#13;\ntest and real-patient examples is demonstrated.
Telugu emotional story speech synthesis using SABLE markup language (2015)

In this paper, a framework for synthesizing Telugu emotional speech for story telling applications is presented. An XML based markup langauge, SABLE is used to synthesize the emotions from a given story text. SABLE markup defines a set of tags to improve the quality of the synthesized speech from the concatinative speech synthesizer. In this work, a subset of prosody tags are used to synthesize the emotional speech from a given story text. Modified Zero frequency filtered (ZFF) signal is used to derive the prosody correlates of pitch base, pitch range and intensity. The desired prosody modification factors for each emotion is derived at phrase level. The derived prosody modification parameters for each emotion are stored in the form of a template. During synthesis, hand annotated story text is replaced by prosody tags which are stored in templates. Prosody tagged story text at phrase level is automatically converted into SABLE markup format. The markup story text is used to synthesize emotional speech from the Telugu neutral Festival TTS system. The quality and naturalness of the synthesised emotional story speech is evaluated using subjective tests.
Shape-based matching of heart sounds (2008)

In this paper, we present an approach to matching heart sounds based on modeling the morphological variations of audio envelopes through a constrained nonrigid translation transform. Similar heart sounds are then retrieved by recovering the corresponding alignment transform using a variant of shape-based dynamic time warping. Results of comparison with other audio retrieval methods are reported on a large database of heart sounds.
Modeling of Irradiation Embrittlement of Reactor Pressure Vessel Steels (1997)

A model to predict the process of embrittlement, deformation and fracture of reactor pressure vessel steels subject to neutron irradiation is proposed. In order to describe the fracture process under unirradiated condition, the notion of effective stress and the hypothesis of strain equivalence of damage mechanics are first incorporated into a viscoplastic constitutive equation with isotropic hardening. The damage state of the material is represented by a scalar damage variable D, and the evolution equation of D is modeled by postulating that the damage rate D is specified as a function of plastic strain εp and its rate εp. The material is assumed to fracture when D attains to its critical value Dc. The effect of neutron irradiation is represented by expressing the material constants of the constitutive and evolution equations as functions of neutron fluence Φ. The resulting constitutive equations of elastic-plastic damage under neutron irradiation are applied to describe the irradiation embrittlement of a low alloy steel ASTM A533B cl. 1 for the pressure vessel use of light-water reactors. The increase of yield stress and tensile stress as well as the decrease of fracture strain and fracture energy due to neutron irradiation can be described by the proposed model.
Hepatoprotektive Wirkung von Ursodeoxycholyl-Lysophosphatidylethanolamid (UDCA-LPE) in einem in vivo Modell für akute Endotoxin-vermittelte Hepatotoxizität (2009)

Einleitung: D-Galaktosamin/Lipopolysaccharid (Gal/LPS) verursacht in der Maus eine akute, Endotoxin-vermittelte Hepatitis; einer der zentralen Mediatoren dieser inflammatorischen Leberschädigung ist TNFα. In Vorarbeiten wurde gezeigt, dass das Gallensäure-Phospholipid-Konjugat UDCA-LPE Leberzellen vor TNFα-induzierter Apoptose und Inflammation schützen kann und in vivo selektiv in die Leber aufgenommen wird. Die Wirkung des Konjugats wurde in dieser Studie im Maumodell für einen Gal/LPS-induzierten Leberschaden untersucht.
Optimum Cathodic Protection of Ship(Optimization of Current Supply and Identification of Paint Defect Location). (1996)

A new method for optimizing the cathodic protection of a ship in operation is proposed. First, from electric potential data measured using several sensors located on the wall of the ship, the polarization curve of the painted ship wall is estimated by solving an inverse problem using the boundary element method. Then, using the polarization curve, the optimum current to be supplied to each electrode (several electrodes are located on the ship wall) is determined in such a way that the electric potential of every part of the ship wall becomes lower than a critical value using minimum the necessary electric power. In case when the electric potentials at the sensors change abruptly due to paint damage, the location of the damage is estimated from the potential change by solving another inverse problem, and then the cathodic protection is optimized. An example problem is solved to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method.
Radical polymeric p-doping and grain modulation for stable, efficient perovskite solar modules (2023)

High-quality perovskite light harvesters and robust organic hole extraction layers are essential for achieving high-performing perovskite solar cells (PSCs). We introduce a phosphonic acid-functionalized fullerene derivative in mixed-cation perovskites as a grain boundary modulator to consolidate the crystal structure, which enhances the tolerance of the film against illumination, heat, and moisture. We also developed a redox-active radical polymer, poly(oxoammonium salt), that can effectively p-dope the hole-transporting material by hole injection and that also mitigates lithium ion diffusion. Power conversion efficiencies of 23.5% for 1-square-centimeter mixed-cation-anion PSCs and 21.4% for 17.1-square-centimeter minimodules were achieved. The PSCs retained 95.5% of their initial efficiencies after 3265 hours at maximum power point tracking under continuous 1-sun illumination at 70° ± 5°C.
Distinct Immunogenicity and Efficacy of Poxvirus-Based Vaccine Candidates against Ebola Virus Expressing GP and VP40 Proteins (2018)

<i>Zaire</i> and <i>Sudan ebolavirus</i> species cause a severe disease in humans and nonhuman primates (NHPs) characterized by a high mortality rate. There are no licensed therapies or vaccines against Ebola virus disease (EVD), and the recent 2013 to 2016 outbreak in West Africa highlighted the need for EVD-specific medical countermeasures. Here, we generated and characterized head-to-head the immunogenicity and efficacy of five vaccine candidates against Zaire ebolavirus (EBOV) and Sudan ebolavirus (SUDV) based on the highly attenuated poxvirus vector modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) expressing either the virus glycoprotein (GP) or GP together with the virus protein 40 (VP40) forming virus-like particles (VLPs). In a human monocytic cell line, the different MVA vectors (termed MVA-EBOVs and MVA-SUDVs) triggered robust innate immune responses, with production of beta interferon (IFN-β), proinflammatory cytokines, and chemokines. Additionally, several innate immune cells, such as dendritic cells, neutrophils, and natural killer cells, were differentially recruited in the peritoneal cavity of mice inoculated with MVA-EBOVs. After immunization of mice with a homologous prime/boost protocol (MVA/MVA), total IgG antibodies against GP or VP40 from Zaire and Sudan ebolavirus were differentially induced by these vectors, which were mainly of the IgG1 and IgG3 isotypes. Remarkably, an MVA-EBOV construct coexpressing GP and VP40 protected chimeric mice challenged with EBOV to a greater extent than a vector expressing GP alone. These results support the consideration of MVA-EBOVs and MVA-SUDVs expressing GP and VP40 and producing VLPs as best-in-class potential vaccine candidates against EBOV and SUDV.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> EBOV and SUDV cause a severe hemorrhagic fever affecting humans and NHPs. Since their discovery in 1976, they have caused several sporadic epidemics, with the recent outbreak in West Africa from 2013 to 2016 being the largest and most severe, with more than 11,000 deaths being reported. Although some vaccines are in advanced clinical phases, less expensive, safer, and more effective licensed vaccines are desirable. We generated and characterized head-to-head the immunogenicity and efficacy of five novel vaccines against EBOV and SUDV based on the poxvirus MVA expressing GP or GP and VP40. The expression of GP and VP40 leads to the formation of VLPs. These MVA-EBOV and MVA-SUDV recombinants triggered robust innate and humoral immune responses in mice. Furthermore, MVA-EBOV recombinants expressing GP and VP40 induced high protection against EBOV in a mouse challenge model. Thus, MVA expressing GP and VP40 and producing VLPs is a promising vaccine candidate against EBOV and SUDV.
LiFi Reception from Organic Photovoltaic Modules Subject to Additional DC Illuminations and Shading Effects (2019)

In this paper, we study the performance of organic photovoltaic (OPV) modules as LiFi receivers in two specific configurations. The PV-based LiFi receiver is first exposed to an additional homogeneous light source with different intensity levels and then the influence of partial lighting is studied (shading effect). In both cases, we compare the sensibility and the cutoff frequency of LiFi transmission when the solar cell is operated either in short- circuit mode (i.e. when it is loaded with an active transimpedance amplifier) or in open circuit mode (i.e. when it is terminated with an high impedance passive load). While the OPV module performance decreases in open-circuit mode as a function of the DC illumination level, we observe an improvement of the cutoff frequency in short circuit mode. This result seems very promising for outdoor LiFi transmissions but also for indoor conditions where natural light can disturb LiFi communications. Theoretical explanations involving physical parameters for energy harvesting (carrier mobility, lumped series resistance) are proposed to justify the observed behaviors. Finally, experimental results of shaded solar cells are provided in the two operating modes (open-circuit and short-circuit). We show that sensibility and bandwidth of OPV modules strongly depend on both the shading configuration and the operating mode.
Environmental perturbations lift the degeneracy of the genetic code to regulate protein levels in bacteria (2012)

The genetic code underlying protein synthesis is a canonical example of a degenerate biological system. Degeneracies in physical and biological systems can be lifted by external perturbations thus allowing degenerate systems to exhibit a wide range of behaviors. Here we show that the degeneracy of the genetic code is lifted by environmental perturbations to regulate protein levels in living cells. By measuring protein synthesis rates from a synthetic reporter library in Escherichia coli, we find that environmental perturbations, such as reduction of cognate amino acid supply, lift the degeneracy of the genetic code by splitting codon families into a hierarchy of robust and sensitive synonymous codons. Rates of protein synthesis associated with robust codons are up to hundred-fold higher than those associated with sensitive codons under these conditions. We find that the observed hierarchy between synonymous codons is not determined by usual rules associated with tRNA abundance and codon usage. Rather, competition among tRNA isoacceptors for aminoacylation underlies the robustness of protein synthesis. Remarkably, the hierarchy established using the synthetic library also explains the measured robustness of synthesis for endogenous proteins in E. coli. We further found that the same hierarchy is reflected in the fitness cost of synonymous mutations in amino acid biosynthesis genes and in the transcriptional control of sigma factor genes. Our study reveals that the degeneracy of the genetic code can be lifted by environmental perturbations, and it suggests that organisms can exploit degeneracy lifting as a general strategy to adapt protein synthesis to their environment.
Indirect Force Measurement for Hydraulic Walking Robot (2007)

Force sensing is an important issue for the control of legged robots. In this paper an indirect force measurement for hydraulic walking robots is presented. The test case is ROBOCLIMBER, a bulky, quadruped climbing and walking machine whose weighty legs enable it to carry out heavy-duty drilling operations. The paper shows how the placement of pressure transducers at both ends of the double effect hydraulic jacks allows measuring indirectly the contact forces between the feet and the ground. Several experiments are carried out to calibrate all sensors within their operational range of interest. Because of dynamic properties of hydraulic cylinders friction modelling is an important task to be carried out in order to determine at all times the true forces of the feet against the soil. After calibration and friction modelling, sensors are subjected to experimental performance evaluation.
Global navigation satellite system pseudorange‐based multisensor positioning incorporating a multipath error model (2013)

Pedestrian navigation in challenging areas where global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs) lack the required accuracy and availability, such as indoor and urban canyons, is becoming increasingly important. Multisensor navigation is one of the techniques that has shown promising positioning accuracy in such environments. Being able to appropriately fuse GNSS pseudoranges in a multisensor positioning system is advantageous as it allows us to make use of fewer than four detected satellite signals and to incorporate more accurate estimation models. In this study, a particle filter‐based pedestrian positioning system is enhanced to use pseudorange measurements of a GNSS receiver instead of direct position solutions. By using correctly modelled pseudoranges, a single satellite visible over a certain time period might improve positioning accuracy and robustness when combined with measurements from other positioning sensors, like a foot‐mounted inertial measurement unit. Additionally in this study, a statistical multipath error model for pseudoranges is integrated. Promising results have been achieved in a challenging indoor environment where blockage of satellites’ signals and multipath are common issues.
Protein-free and low-protein media for the cultivation of Leptospira (1978)

A protein-free medium composed of charcoal-detoxified Tweens (polysorbates), vitamins B12 and B1, inorganic salts, and organic buffer is described that supports the growth and subculture of pathogenic and saprophytic Leptospira. Growth was initiated from small inocula, and cell densities of 10(9) organisms per ml were attained. Antigenicity and immunogenicity of Leptospira cultivated in this medium were similar to those of cells cultivated in serum-containing media. The protein-free medium was converted to a low-protein medium by the addition of 0.1% bovine serum albumin.
Active Microwave Negative-Index Metamaterial Transmission Line with Gain (2011)

We studied the active metamaterial transmission line at microwave frequency. The active composite right-handed or left-handed transmission line was designed to incorporate a germanium tunnel diode with a negative differential resistance property as the gain device at the unit cell level. Measurements of the fabricated planar transmission line structures with one-, two-, and three-unit cells showed that the addition of the dc pumped tunnel diodes not only provided gain but also maintained the left handedness of the transmission line metamaterial. Simulation results agree well with experimental observation. This work demonstrated that negative index material can be obtained with a net gain when an external source is incorporated.
Dataset and Metrics for Predicting Local Visible Differences (2018)

A large number of imaging and computer graphics applications require localized information on the visibility of image distortions. Existing image quality metrics are not suitable for this task as they provide a single quality value per image. Existing visibility metrics produce visual difference maps, and are specifically designed for detecting just noticeable distortions but their predictions are often inaccurate. In this work, we argue that the key reason for this problem is the lack of large image collections with a good coverage of possible distortions that occur in different applications. To address the problem, we collect an extensive dataset of reference and distorted image pairs together with user markings indicating whether distortions are visible or not. We propose a statistical model that is designed for the meaningful interpretation of such data, which is affected by visual search and imprecision of manual marking. We use our dataset for training existing metrics and we demonstrate that their performance significantly improves. We show that our dataset with the proposed statistical model can be used to train a new CNN-based metric, which outperforms the existing solutions. We demonstrate the utility of such a metric in visually lossless JPEG compression, super-resolution and watermarking.
Diacetoxypiperidinium analogs of acetylcholine (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDiacetoxypiperidinium analogs of acetylcholineNeil J. Lewis, Karen K. Barker, Richard M. Fox Jr., and Mathias P. MertesCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1973, 16, 2, 156–159Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00260a016https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00260a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views77Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Progress towards hardware demonstrations of critical component-level technologies for ultra-stable optical systems (2020)

To achieve the ambitious goal of directly imaging exo-Earths with a coronagraph, future space-based astronomical telescopes will require wavefront stability several orders of magnitude beyond state-of-the-art. The Ultra-Stable Large Telescope Research and Analysis – Technology Maturation (ULTRA-TM) program will mature critical technologies for this new regime of “ultra-stable optical systems” through component-level hardware demonstrations. This paper describes the progress towards demonstrating performance of these technologies in the picometer regime and with flight-like properties – including active systems like segment sensing and actuation and thermal sensing and control, as well as passive systems like low distortion mirror mounts and composite structures. Raising the TRL of these technologies will address the most difficult parts of the stability problem with the longest lead times and provide significant risk reduction for their inclusion in future mission concepts.