gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abnormal cobalamin metabolism in a case of juvenile pernicious anaemia with neurological symptoms (1981)

Abstract Studies of cobalamin metabolism in case of juvenile pernicious anaemia during haematological remission showed that while plasma cobalamins were normal there was some depletion of erythrocyte cobalamins. In addition, the plasma distribution of apo‐ and holo‐transcobalamins was markedly abnormal, holo‐TCII being increased, yet the patient's plasma promoted less cellular synthesis of adenosylcobalamin by cultured lymphocytes than did plasma from a control subject. The results suggest that holo‐TCII may in this case have been ineffective and provide further evidence for the importance of TCII in intracellular synthesis of adenosylcobalamin.
Synthesis of pyrroloazepines. Facile synthesis of 2‐substituted pyrrole derivatives by the phosgene method (1997)

Abstract A highly convenient method for the synthesis of 2‐substituted pyrrole derivatives 7a‐c from pyrrole using phosgene was developed. Successively, 7‐methyl‐6,7‐dihydro‐1 H ,5 H ‐pyrrolo[2,3‐ c ]azepine‐4,8‐dione 1a and 6,7‐dihydro‐1 H ,5 H ‐pyrrolo[2,3‐ c ]azepine‐4,8‐dione 1b (aldisin) were synthesized by phosphorus pentoxide/methanesulfonate and polyphosphoric acid cyclization.
Specific 3′‐Terminal Modification of DNA with a Novel Nucleoside Analogue that Allows a Covalent Linkage of a Nuclear Localization Signal and Enhancement of DNA Stability (2005)

We report a straightforward method for the site-specific modification of long double-stranded DNA by using a maleimide adduct of deoxycytidine. This novel nucleoside analogue was efficiently incorporated at the 3'-termini of DNA by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT). Thiol-containing compounds can be covalently linked to the maleimide moieties. We added a nuclear localization signal peptide to the 3'-terminal of a 350 bp-long DNA that encoded short-hairpin RNA, and these modifications resulted in the enhancement of silencing activity by RNA interference. This enhancement is mainly attributed to increased stability of the template DNA.
Targeting MC1R depalmitoylation to prevent melanomagenesis in redheads (2019)

Some genetic melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) variants responsible for human red hair color (RHC-variants) are consequently associated with increased melanoma risk. Although MC1R signaling is critically dependent on its palmitoylation primarily mediated by the ZDHHC13 protein-acyl transferase, whether increasing MC1R palmitoylation represents a viable therapeutic target to limit melanomagenesis in redheads is unknown. Here we identify a specific and efficient in vivo strategy to induce MC1R palmitoylation for therapeutic benefit. We validate the importance of ZDHHC13 to MC1R signaling in vivo by targeted expression of ZDHHC13 in C57BL/6J-MC1R<sup>RHC</sup> mice and subsequently inhibit melanomagenesis. By identifying APT2 as the MC1R depalmitoylation enzyme, we are able to demonstrate that administration of the selective APT2 inhibitor ML349 treatment efficiently increases MC1R signaling and represses UVB-induced melanomagenesis in vitro and in vivo. Targeting APT2, therefore, represents a preventive/therapeutic strategy to reduce melanoma risk, especially in individuals with red hair.
Stress-corrosion studies in coal-liquefaction environments (1981)

To summarize this year's accomplishments, we: 1. examined over 300 U-bend specimens from all four coal liquefaction pilot plants by determining corrosion rates as well as by visual and metallographic analysis, 2. sent out another 300 U-bends that are currently in test, and 3, began laboratory studies in sulfur-containing acids. Thus far our results from U-bend exposures in coal liquefaction pilot plants have shown that in the reactor and separator areas one can expect general corrosion and possibly some cracking of low-alloy steels, sulfidation of nickel-base alloys, cracking of some austenitic steels (especially at Wilsonville) and generally good performance of stabilized austenitic, high-alloy austenitic, duplex, ferritic-austenitic, and ferritic stainless steels. In the fractionation area we found extensive general corrosion and pitting of low-alloy and stainless steels with corrosion performance improving with higher nickel alloys (as with alloy 825).
A polarization-independent silicon light intensity modulator for 1.32 mu m fiber optics (1990)

The authors have developed an integrated silicon light intensity modulator based on polarization-independent free-carrier optical phase modulation and mode filtering in fibers. A novel push-pull complementary diode pair are used for a twofold increase in modulation depth over a single diode device. Operation is demonstrated at a wavelength of 1.32 mu m.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Learning to Instruct Learning (2018)

One reason why deep neural networks require lots of data is that most current training methods are only driven by the task goal information. We propose a novel instructor which can guide networks to learn useful abstraction. Since the instructor provides additional learning power, the efficiency of data is significantly improved. To get appropriate instructor, we design a generative instructor mechanism which supports learning an instructor generator from multiple tasks. The generator can generate the corresponding instructor for different tasks by using fast weights. Experiment results demonstrate the efficiency and robustness of the generated instructor. Meanwhile, our generator also shows the property relating to continuous learning.
Interleukin 9–induced In Vivo Expansion of the B-1 Lymphocyte Population (1999)

The activity of interleukin (IL)-9 on B cells was analyzed in vivo using transgenic mice that constitutively express this cytokine. These mice show an increase in both baseline and antigen-specific immunoglobulin concentrations for all isotypes tested. Analysis of B cell populations showed a specific expansion of Mac-1(+) B-1 cells in the peritoneal and pleuropericardial cavities, and in the blood of IL-9 transgenic mice. In normal mice, the IL-9 receptor was found to be expressed by CD5(+) as well as CD5(-) B-1 cells, and repeated injections of IL-9 resulted in accumulation of B-1 cells in the peritoneal cavity, as observed in transgenic animals. Unlike other mouse models, such as IL-5 transgenic mice, in which expansion of the B-1 population is associated with high levels of autoantibodies, IL-9 did not stimulate the production of autoantibodies in vivo, and most of the expanded cells were found to belong to the B-1b subset (IgM+Mac-1(+)CD5(-)). In addition, we found that these IL-9-expanded B-1b cells do not share the well-documented antibromelain-treated red blood cell specificity of CD5(+) B-1a cells. The increase of antigen-specific antibody concentration in immunized mice suggests that these B-1 cells are directly or indirectly involved in antibody responses in IL-9 transgenic mice.
Method for Building kW-class Lasers with kHz-class Linewidths (2022)

Binary phase shift key phase-modulated waveforms with GHz bandwidths, suitable for use in kW-class fiber amplifiers, can be narrowed back to the source laser’s linewidth via second harmonic generation.
Mechanism of .alpha.-amino-.epsilon.-caprolactam racemase reaction (1986)

alpha-Amino-epsilon-caprolactam racemase catalyzes the exchange of the alpha-hydrogen of the substrate with deuterium during racemization in deuterium oxide. The rate of the hydrogen exchange measured by 1H NMR is lower than that of racemization in deuterium oxide for both the enantiomers. Both the enantiomers of alpha-amino-epsilon-caprolactam show an overshoot of the optical rotation during the enzymatic racemization in deuterium oxide (but not in water). This phenomenon may be attributable to a primary deuterium isotope effect at the alpha-position: alpha-deuterium isotope effects of 3.6 and 2.0 were observed for the racemization of the D and L enantiomers of alpha-amino-epsilon-caprolactam, respectively. Results of tritium-labeling experiments showed that the enzyme catalyzes both retention and inversion of configuration of the substrate with a similar probability in each turnover. Conversion of [alpha-2H]-D-alpha-amino-epsilon-caprolactam in water and unlabeled D-alpha-amino-epsilon-caprolactam in deuterium oxide into the L isomer under nearly single turnover conditions with the enzyme showed significant internal return of the alpha-hydrogen. These results support a single base mechanism for the racemization reaction catalyzed by the enzyme.
Different a alleles of Ustilago maydis are necessary for maintenance of filamentous growth but not for meiosis (1989)

Two loci (the incompatibility or mating type loci), a and b, govern the life cycle of Ustilago maydis, a fungal pathogen of corn. U. maydis diploids heterozygous at both a and b (a[unk] b[unk]) form mycelial colonies (Fuz(+) phenotype), induce tumors, and produce teliospores able to undergo meiosis. We report here the isolation and characterization of nonmycelial (Fuz(-)) derivatives. These Fuz(-) diploids have allowed us to examine the requirement of a[unk] and b[unk] in maintenance of filamentous growth and tumor-inducing ability. The Fuz(-) diploids are of four classes: two are inferred to be homozygous for b (a[unk] b=); the other two are shown to be homozygous for a (a= b[unk]). These observations confirm the requirement for b[unk] and reveal the requirement for a[unk] in filamentous growth. U. maydis is thus like other basidiomycetes that have two loci governing growth of the dikaryotic filament. The mating behavior of the Fuz(-) diploids indicates that heterozygosity at a or b does not block mating. Although both a= b[unk] and a[unk] b= diploids are nonmycelial, they differ in that a[unk] b= diploids are nonpathogenic, whereas a= b[unk] diploids are pathogenic and produce teliospores able to undergo meiosis. These findings substantiate previous, more limited observations. They demonstrate that ability to induce tumors and produce normal teliospores requires different alleles at b but not at a.
UbitourAR: A ubiquitous tourism model based on augmented reality (2015)

Nowadays, Brazil has an expected growth in the tourism sector due to the FIFA World Cup (which had a huge success) and the Olympics in Rio de Janeiro. However, there is a lack of tourism applications for Brazil, such as Electronic Tourism Guides (ETGs) for mobile devices. The existence of ETGs that takes into account real world environment is still very rare. By taking into account this scenario, this article presents a ubiquitous tourism model based on augmented reality. The proposed architecture, which is called UbitourAR, takes into account the context awareness focusing on localization-based services allied with user profile and restrictions. This article describes the development of UbitourAR enabling users to interact with the real world environment using augmented reality when visiting a place or point of interest (POI). In order to evaluate the model we had taken two approaches. Firstly, we evaluated the ontology proposed using scenarios. Secondly, we evaluated the usability in terms of efficiency, effectiveness and user satisfaction. For doing that, we developed a mobile application for the Caminhos de Pedra itinerary, in Bento Goncalves, Brazil. The proposed model extends the previous work of Ubitour by adding augmented reality. The results of the tests showed a user acceptance higher than 80%, which encourages the research in augmented reality allied with ubiquitous tourism. Keywords: augmented reality, Web Semantics, ubiquitous tourism, ubiquitous computing, mobile computing.
The Morphology of Battery Electrodes with the Focus of the Conductive Additives Paths (2015)

Model experiments, in which active material in the electrode is replaced with insulating ceramic particles, are used to show the importance of pure conductive additives network. Ceramic particles are chosen with particle diameter of 10 and 3 μm. Coatings with similar loading and varying levels of carbon black, graphite and polyvinylidene fluoride are fabricated, analyzed regarding electronic conductivity and investigated with a new "quasi" in-situ SEM compression method. The electronic conductivity strongly depends on porosity, inactive material amount and distribution. SEM/EDX images showed that coatings with 10 μm particles have higher porosity and denser network of conductive additives compared to 3 μm particles. Therefore, the conductive additives and binder amount should be adjusted based on the particle size distribution.
Short-Duration Enzymatic Treatment Promotes Integration of a Cartilage Graft in a Defect (2006)

Short-duration treatment of a cartilage graft with a combination of hyaluronidase and collagenase increases cell density at wound edges and promotes integrative repair.
Design and evaluation of 3D cursors and motion parallax for the exploration of desktop virtual environments (2012)

The selection and manipulation of 3D content in desktop virtual environments is commonly achieved with 2D mouse cursor-based interaction. However, by interacting with image-based techniques we introduce a conflict between the 2D space in which the 2D cursor lays and the 3D content. For example, the 2D mouse cursor does not provide any information about the depth of the selected objects. In this situation, the user has to rely on the depth cues provided by the virtual environment, such as perspective deformation, shading and shadows. In this paper, we explore new metaphors to improve the depth perception when interacting with 3D content. Our approach focus on the usage of 3D cursors controlled with 2D input devices (the Hand Avatar and the Torch) and a pseudo-motion parallax effect. The additional depth cues provided by the visual feedback of the 3D cursors and the motion parallax are expected to increase the users' depth perception of the environment. The evaluation of proposed techniques showed that users' depth perception was significantly increased. Users were able to better judge the depth ordering of virtual environment. Although 3D cursors showed a decrease of selection performance, it is compensated by the increased depth perception.
Comparative Evaluation of Stocking Products Based on Product Life Cycle Assessment (2021)

Abstract Objective In order to analyze the difference of environmental benefit between different processes of silk stockings products, the article puts forward the method of product life cycle analysis to provide reference for the subsequent selection and optimization of production process of silk stockings products. Methods The representative target products in silk stockings were selected, and the full life cycle model of production, use and waste of target products was established by product life cycle method. The two technologies were compared and evaluated quantitatively by analyzing relevant environmental impact indexes, and the reasons for the difference were analyzed by refining the product production process. Conclusion Dope dyed stocking fabric is more environmentally friendly than traditional dyed stocking fabric. The production process of a product is the link that has the greatest impact on the environment in the entire life cycle and the main link that causes the environmental differences between the two processes. The product life cycle model established in this paper can be used as a reference for the life cycle analysis of other similar fabric products, and it proposes a normalized index suitable for evaluating environmental benefits in other industries.
Supplementary Figure 4 from Paradoxical Relationship between Chromosomal Instability and Survival Outcome in Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Figure 4 from Paradoxical Relationship between Chromosomal Instability and Survival Outcome in Cancer
Real time BOLD functional MRI neuro-feedback affects functional connectivity (2010)

Functional connectivity in the resting state based on BOLD functional MRI (fMRI) has been used mainly to observe brain networks while subjects 'do nothing'. The same principle, however, can be used for any other steady-state brain condition. In this study, we compared the connectivity of the motor area during simple finger tapping with and without real time neuro-feedback of the activation in the hand motor area. The presence of the neuro-feedback not only induces correlations between the visual and motor areas, but also increases basal ganglia involvement and bilateral motor cortex connectivity.
Use of microRNA signature to distinguish early from late biochemical failure in prostate cancer. (2013)

194 Background: With the introduction of PSA testing, the problem of over-treatment emerged in prostate cancer. Only a small subset of prostate cancer patients will require more intensive adjuvant therapy. There is currently no biomarker that can predict disease aggressiveness at the time of surgery. Methods: We analyzed miRNA expression in 41 patients (the discovery set) which were dichotomized into; 'high risk'- experienced biochemical failure within 24 months after radical prostatectomy (n=26) and 'low risk' who did not have biochemical failure for at least 35 months (n=15). The validation set consisted of 72 cases. Total RNA was isolated from FFPE cores. cDNA was prepared for each patients and expression miRNA expression was screened by qRT-PCR –based panel. miRNAs were ranked by non-parametric tests. Linear regression models were built to predict biochemical failure. We used TargetScan for miRNA target prediction. Targets were validated by transient transfection of synthetic miRNA precursors followed by qRT-PCR quantification of the targets. Proliferation was assessed by measuring cell viability. Results: We compared the expression of 754 mature human miRNAs in patients with ‘high’ or ‘low’ risk for biochemical failure. We identified 24 miRNAs that were differentially expressed between the risk groups. We developed three logistic regression models, based on the expression of 2-3 miRNAs (PPV=100% and NPV ranges 86.4-100%). We confirmed the differential expression on the study set and on a larger, independent set of PCa pateints. We also validated one model on an independent set of patients. Further, we show that transfection of miR-152 and miR-331-3p, featured in the logistic regression models, altered proliferation of PCa3 and DU145 cells. Target prediction indicated Erbb3 and Erbb2 as potential direct targets and their mRNA expression significantly reduced when miR-152 and miR-331-3p were overexpressed. Conclusions: Altered miR-331-3p and miR-152 expression represent a potential tool for assessing the risk of early biochemical failure. These miRNAs may act through the Erbb family to induce an alternative way of AR activation.
Synthesis and Nucleic Acids Binding Properties of Diastereomeric Aminoethylprolyl Peptide Nucleic Acids (aepPNA) (2011)

A general synthetic method for Fmoc-protected monomers of all four diastereomeric aminoethyl peptide nucleic acid (aepPNA) has been developed. The key reaction is the coupling of nucleobase-modified proline derivatives and Fmoc-protected aminoacetaldehyde by reductive alkylation. Oligomerization of the aepPNAs up to 10mer was achieved by Fmoc-solid phase peptide synthesis methodology. Preliminary binding studies of these aepPNA oligomers with nucleic acids suggested that the "cis-" homothymine aepPNA decamers with (2'R,4'R) and (2'S,4'S) configurations can bind, albeit with slow kinetics, to their complementary RNA [poly(adenylic acid)] but not to the complementary DNA [poly(deoxyadenylic acid)]. On the other hand, the trans homothymine aepPNA decamers with (2'R,4'S) and (2'S,4'R) configurations failed to form stable hybrid with poly(adenylic acid) and poly(deoxyadenylic acid). No hybrid formation could be observed between a mixed-base (2'R,4'R)-aepPNA decamer with DNA and RNA in both antiparallel and parallel orientations.
A new amplifier for improving piezoelectric actuator linearity based on current switching in precision positioning (2007)

Piezoelectric actuators have traditionally been driven by voltage amplifiers. When driven at large voltages these actuators exhibit a significant amount of distortion, known as hysteresis, which may reduce the stability robustness of the system in feedback control applications. Piezoelectric transducers are known to exhibit less hysteresis when driven with current or charge rather than voltage. Despite this advantage, such methods have found little practical application due to the poor low frequency response of present current and charge driver designs. In this paper, a new piezoelectric amplifier based on current switching is presented which can reduce hysteresis. Special circuits and a hybrid control algorithm realize quick and precise positioning. Experimental results demonstrate that the amplifier can be used for dynamic and static applications and low frequency bandwidths can also be achieved.
Purification and characterization of cytochrome P-450-dependent arachidonic acid epoxygenase from human liver. (1988)

A novel human liver cytochrome P-450 isozyme (P-450-AA), which catalyzes arachidonic acid epoxidation, has been purified to electrophoretic homogeneity from human liver. As judged spectrally, the newly described isozyme is low spin in the oxidized state, with a soret band at 415 nm and an increased maximum at 451 nm in the CO-difference spectrum. Cytochrome P-450-AA appeared homogeneous as judged by the appearance of a single band on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with an estimated molecular weight of 53,100. Although cytochrome P-450-AA had a relatively low specific content of 10.8 nmol/mg, it possessed a high activity of arachidonic acid epoxidation. The P-450-AA oxidized arachidonic acid in a reconstituted system into the four regioisomeric epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) (5, 6-, 8, 9-, 11, 12-, 14, 15-EETs) at a rate of 2,010 pmol/nmol/min, a rate which is 37-fold higher than that observed with the crude microsomal preparation. Moreover, the purified cytochrome P-450-AA catalyzed the de-ethylation of 7-ethoxyresorufin at the rate of 2970 pmol/nmol/min, whereas other cytochrome P-450-dependent reactions were carried out at 23-2,000-fold lower rates and ranged between 0.3-130 pmol/nmol/min. The amino acid composition is different from that of other cytochrome P-450 isozymes. The NH2-terminal sequence of 20-amino acid residues was compared to that of LM2 and PB2-B2, the phenobarbital-induced forms in rabbit and rats, respectively. Comparison was also made with two forms of human cytochrome P-450, HLc and HLd. There were 7/20 identical residues for P-450-AA and LM2 and 4/20 for P-450-AA and PB2-B2. There were 2/20 identical residues for P-450-AA and HLd, and no identical residues were found for HLc. We conclude that the biologically active EETs, are formed by a distinct and unique P-450 isozyme from human liver and that arachidonic acid can serve as a screen for detection of the novel P-450 isozyme.
A general practical design method for fuzzy PID control from conventional PID control (2002)

Proposes a practical design method of fuzzy proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control system. Like conventional PID controllers there are several kinds of fuzzy PID controllers. Being simple structure, the research on how to choose the type of conventional PID controllers for different controlled plants is successful. Based on the analysis of relationship between conventional PID controller and fuzzy PID controller, we propose a method on how to choose the type of fuzzy PID controller suitable for the controlled plant. Firstly the selected fuzzy PID controller is designed to have the same control property with corresponding PID controller because the parameters of its control rule base are calculated according to tuned parameters of the PID controller. Then parameters of this fuzzy rule base of fuzzy PID controller are tuned by a sequential quadratic programming algorithm. The tuned control surface is nonlinear corresponding to the property of controlled plant. This method is applied to linear and nonlinear controlled plants. Simulation results show that it is an effective method for designing fuzzy controllers.