gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhanced manufacturing possibilities using multi-materials in laser metal deposition (2018)

Additive manufacturing (AM) addresses various benefits as the buildup of complex shaped parts, the possibility of functional integration, reduced lead times or the use of difficult machinable materials compared to conventional manufacturing possibilities. Beside these advantages, the use of more than one material in a component would strongly increase the field of applications in typical AM branches as energy, aerospace, or medical technology. By means of multi-material buildups, cost-intensive alloys could be only used in high-loaded areas of the part, whereas the remaining part could be fabricated with cheaper compositions. The selection of combined materials strongly depends on the requested thermophysical but also mechanical properties. Within this contribution, examples (e.g., used in the turbine business) show how alloys can be arranged to fit together, e.g., in terms of a well-chosen coefficient of thermal expansion. As can be seen in nature, the multi-material usage can be characterized by sharp intersections from one material to the other (e.g., in case of a thin corrosion protection), but also by graded structures enabling a smoother material transition (e.g., in case of dissimilar materials which are joined together without defects). The latter is shown for an example from aerospace within this paper. Another possibility is the simultaneous placement of several materials, e.g., hard carbide particles placed in a more ductile matrix composition. These particles can be varied in size (e.g., TiC versus WC). Also the ratio between carbides and matrix alloy can be adjusted depending on its application. Especially, nozzle-based free form fabrication technologies, e.g., laser metal deposition, enable the utilization of more than one material. Within this contribution, possibilities to feed more than one filler material are demonstrated. In addition, results of multi-material processes are shown. Finally, this work focuses on different (potential) applications, mainly on power generation, but also for medical technology or wear resistant components.
The chalcone butein from Rhus verniciflua Stokes inhibits clonogenic growth of human breast cancer cells co-cultured with fibroblasts (2005)

We conclude that fibroblasts pre-treated with non-toxic doses of butein (a natural herbal compound) no longer support the clonogenic growth of small numbers of primary breast cancer cells seeded into co-cultures. These results suggest that interference with the interaction between fibroblasts and breast cancer cells by the natural herbal compound, butein, should be further investigated as a novel experimental approach for possibly suppressing the growth of micrometastases of breast cancer.
ICE decoupling technique for RF coil array designs (2011)

The theoretical analysis and experiments demonstrated the feasibility of the decoupling method for high field RF coil array designs without overlapping or direct physical connections between coil elements, which provide more flexibility for coil array design and optimization. The method offers a new approach to address the RF array decoupling issue, which is a major challenge in implementing parallel imaging.
Nondimensional Analysis of Electrorheological Dampers Using an Eyring Constitutive Relationship (2004)

This study presents nondimensional analysis of an Eyring constitutive model to describe the field-dependent behavior of an electrorheological (ER) damper. An ER damper having a damping level comparable to a shock absorber for a small-sized passenger car damper is manufactured, and its performance is modeled using the Eyring model. To accurately identify the rheological parameters of the Eyring model, a parameter identification method is used. The force versus piston displacement and velocity behavior of the ER damper are experimentally measured with respect to the applied electric field and excitation frequency. To validate the Eyring model, the experimental results are compared to the predictions of the damping force versus piston displacement and velocity behaviors for four different applied fields and excitation frequencies tested. In addition, a set of nondimensional variables to characterize preyield and postyield behaviors of ER or MR fluids are proposed and nondimensional analysis for the Eyring mo...
Potencial da fixação biológica de nitrogênio em linhagens de feijão-caupi do tipo Branco Fradinho inoculado com as estirpes BR 3262 e BR 3267C (2018)

O feijao-caupi [ Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] e uma cultura com boa adaptacao as condicoes de temperaturas elevadas e baixa umidade do solo que produz graos de alto valor proteico. E capaz de manter alta atividade de fixacao biologica de nitrogenio (FBN) atraves da associacao com bacterias fixadoras podendo dispensar o uso de fertilizantes nitrogenados. Programas de melhoramento genetico visam selecionar genotipos quanto a produtividade, tolerância ao deficit hidrico, a FBN, entre outros. Neste sentido, objetivou-se avaliar a resposta de linhagens provenientes do programa de melhoramento para feijao-caupi da classe comercial Branco Fradinho (olho preto) quanto a FBN mediante inoculacao com as estirpes BR 3262 e BR 3267, registradas para inoculacao da cultura. Para isso, foram avaliadas doze linhagens e cinco cultivares / genotipos de porte ereto inoculados, alem da testemunha absoluta, em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial com quatro repeticoes. As plantas foram cultivadas em vasos de Leonard com substrato esterilizado e as estirpes cultivadas em meio YM liquido por quatro dias. Cada dezesseis sementes foram inoculadas com 6 mL de suspensao durante dez minutos. Foi feita a aplicacao de 300 mL de solucao nutritiva de Norris a cada semana. As plantas foram coletadas com 30 dias apos a emergencia. Materias secas de nodulos (MSN), raiz (MSR) e parte aerea (MSPA) foram determinadas apos a obtencao da massa seca constante em estufa de circulacao forcada a 65 oC. Os resultados mostraram que a inoculacao com a estirpe BR 3262 apresentou valores medios superiores aos obtidos com a BR 3267 nas variaveis MSPA e MSN cerca de 20% e 8%, respectivamente. Quatro das doze linhagens testadas apresentaram valores de MSPA superiores as demais quando inoculadas com as estirpes citadas. Dentre essas, duas apresentaram tambem maiores valores de MSR independente da inoculacao e podem se configurar em ativos de inovacao relevantes para o referido programa de melhoramento.
Physicochemical and adsorptive properties of fast‐pyrolysis bio‐chars and their steam activated counterparts (2010)

Abstract BACKGROUND: This study investigated steam‐activation as a technology for adding value to fast‐pyrolysis bio‐chars. Due to short residence times in the fluidized‐bed pyrolyzer, required to maximize bio‐oil production, the bio‐char structure tends to be underdeveloped thereby impacting its full potential application as a value‐added co‐product. RESULTS: The bio‐chars of several substrates from a fluidized‐bed fast pyrolyzer and their respective corresponding steam‐activated counterparts were characterized for their surface areas and metal ion adsorption (copper, cadmium, nickel and zinc). Surface areas increased with activation from negligible to 136–793 m 2 g −1 of material, with concomitant pore development evidenced by scanning electron microscopy and mathematical modeling. Affinity to Cu 2+ was highest with adsorption efficiencies for 1 mmol L −1 solutions ranging from 60–85%. Metal ion adsorption performance was feedstock dependent and increased with activation, possibly due to improved access to highly reactive adsorption sites associated with the inorganic material in the feedstock. CONCLUSION: Because of their higher yields and metal ion uptake, broiler litter and alfalfa stems could be the feedstock of choice when considering upgrading fast pyrolysis bio‐char for metal ion uptake. However, if the development of large surface areas is required, guayule bagasse and soybean straw could be the preferred feedstock. Published 2010 by John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.
Advanced Photoacoustic Imaging Using Full Matrix Capture Data Acquisition (2015)

Full Matrix Capture (FMC), when used with the Total Focusing Method (TFM), may offer an improvement on the Synthetic Aperture Focusing Technique (SAFT) algorithm. FMC is a data acquisition process which captures A-scan (time-amplitude) data for every transmitterreceiver combination of elements in an array. The technique uses a ‘transmit on one and receive on all’ data capture approach. This work reports on an experimental laser ultrasound setup capable of synthesising an ultrasonic array and thus being able to collect the data needed to perform FMC. An aluminium block with several side drilled holes at 15 mm depth from the top surface has been inspected using laser based SAFT and FMC techniques. The B-scan reconstructions clearly show the response from the side drilled holes in an easy to interpret form. It was found that the maximum improvement in indication signal to noise ratio (SNR) using the FMC &amp; TFM technique was 2.9 dB when compared to SAFT.
To Talk or to Work: Flexible Communication Compression for Energy Efficient Federated Learning over Heterogeneous Mobile Edge Devices (2021)

Recent advances in machine learning, wireless communication, and mobile hardware technologies promisingly enable federated learning (FL) over massive mobile edge devices, which opens new horizons for numerous intelligent mobile applications. Despite the potential benefits, FL imposes huge communication and computation burdens on participating devices due to periodical global synchronization and continuous local training, raising great challenges to battery constrained mobile devices. In this work, we target at improving the energy efficiency of FL over mobile edge networks to accommodate heterogeneous participating devices without sacrificing the learning performance. To this end, we develop a convergence-guaranteed FL algorithm enabling flexible communication compression. Guided by the derived convergence bound, we design a compression control scheme to balance the energy consumption of local computing (i.e., "working") and wireless communication (i.e., "talking") from the long-term learning perspective. In particular, the compression parameters are elaborately chosen for FL participants adapting to their computing and communication environments. Extensive simulations are conducted using various datasets to validate our theoretical analysis, and the results also demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed scheme in energy saving.
Knockout of ATF1 leads to enhanced cardiac contractility and output (2008)

The transcriptional regulation by the CREB/CREM/ATF1 family factors presents an important cAMP‐dependent signalling pathway and it might contribute to the progression of heart failure. Activating transcription factor 1 (ATF1) is expressed ubiquitously, however, its role in the heart remains unknown. To elucidate the cardiac consequences of ATF1 ablation, we studied the left ventricular (LV) function in adult animals (14–18 weeks old). LV catheterization and analysis of pressure‐volume loops showed increased maximal LV pressure (LVP max ), stroke work (SW) and cardiac output (CO) of ATF1 −/− mice. Experiments on isolated adult cardiomyocytes confirmed these findings. The cell shortening of ATF1 −/− cells was increased (3.9±0.9★ vs. 1.5±0.2 in ATF1 +/+ , n=10–11), whereby the calcium transient (CaT) amplitude was not significantly altered (★p&lt;0.05 vs. ATF1 +/+ ). Hence, the presence of ATF1 is essential for a regular cardiomyocyte function, however, the increased contractility of ATF1 −/− hearts cannot be explained by increased Ca 2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Supported by DFG (MU1376/10‐3)
Dynamic-Feature Extraction, Attribution, and Reconstruction (DEAR) Method for Power System Model Reduction (2014)

In interconnected power systems, dynamic model reduction can be applied to generators outside the area of interest (i.e., study area) to reduce the computational cost associated with transient stability studies. This paper presents a method of deriving the reduced dynamic model of the external area based on dynamic response measurements. The method consists of three steps, namely dynamic-feature extraction, attribution, and reconstruction (DEAR). In this method, a feature extraction technique, such as singular value decomposition (SVD), is applied to the measured generator dynamics after a disturbance. Characteristic generators are then identified in the feature attribution step for matching the extracted dynamic features with the highest similarity, forming a suboptimal “basis” of system dynamics. In the reconstruction step, generator state variables such as rotor angles and voltage magnitudes are approximated with a linear combination of the characteristic generators, resulting in a quasi-nonlinear reduced model of the original system. The network model is unchanged in the DEAR method. Tests on several IEEE standard systems show that the proposed method yields better reduction ratio and response errors than the traditional coherency based reduction methods.
Maltitol and Xylitol Sweetened Chewing-Gums Could Modulate Salivary Parameters Involved in Dental Caries Prevention (2016)

Objectives
The effects of sugar-free chewing-gums (CG) sweetened with either 100% maltitol or 100% xylitol on salivary parameters were assessed in order to better understand the role polyols can play in dental caries prevention.
Methods
A double-blind, parallel, randomized, controlled study was conducted in China. Subjects (N = 258, age = 13 to 15 years old) were divided into 4 groups: 2 receiving polyols CG, containing respectively SweetPearl®-maltitol or XYLISORB®-xylitol, one placebo group receiving gum base and a negative control group not receiving any gum. CG were chewed for 30 days. Salivary parameters (flow rate, pH, glucan sucrase activity and free sialic acid concentration) were measured throughout the experimental period.
Results
All studied parameters were significantly modified with gum base compared with no-gum: salivary flow and pH increased. Glucan sucrase activity and saliva concentrations in free sialic acids decreased. Maltitol and xylitol CG showed even stronger effects on these parameters than gum base and led to a better resistance of the oral ecosystem to a sucrose challenge. This was tested in standardized in-vitro conditions.
Conclusion
Sugar-free CG sweetened with either maltitol or xylitol can similarly improve several parameters involved in global oral health and more specifically in dental caries prevention compared to gum base. The use of a gum base placebo allowed us to isolate the effects due to maltitol and xylitol themselves from those due to mastication, and to show that the effects were similar for both polyols.
Antibiotic resistance in 3113 blood isolates of Staphylococcus aureus in 40 Spanish hospitals participating in the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (2000-2002) (2004)

In Spain, S. aureus blood isolates present a high prevalence of resistance to oxacillin, ciprofloxacin and erythromycin, as well as a high prevalence of multiresistance. Oxacillin resistance remains stable but varies in relation to hospital size, patient age, hospital department and place of infection acquisition.
The role of HPV RNA transcription, immune response‐related gene expression and disruptiveTP53mutations in diagnostic and prognostic profiling of head and neck cancer (2015)

Stratification of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) based on HPV16 DNA and RNA status, gene expression patterns, and mutated candidate genes may facilitate patient treatment decision. We characterize head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) with different HPV16 DNA and RNA (E6*I) status from 290 consecutively recruited patients by gene expression profiling and targeted sequencing of 50 genes. We show that tumors with transcriptionally inactive HPV16 (DNA+ RNA-) are similar to HPV-negative (DNA-) tumors regarding gene expression and frequency of TP53 mutations (47%, 8/17 and 43%, 72/167, respectively). We also find that an immune response-related gene expression cluster is associated with lymph node metastasis, independent of HPV16 status and that disruptive TP53 mutations are associated with lymph node metastasis in HPV16 DNA- tumors. We validate each of these associations in another large data set. Four gene expression clusters which we identify differ moderately but significantly in overall survival. Our findings underscore the importance of measuring the HPV16 RNA (E6*I) and TP53-mutation status for patient stratification and identify associations of an immune response-related gene expression cluster and TP53 mutations with lymph node metastasis in HNSCC.
Positioning within the GSM Network (2007)

Within FIG Commission 5 Working Group 5.3 the new special study group “New Positioning Techniques and Infrastructure ” has been established. This study group will deal with infrastructure relevant for positioning. An infrastructure of this kind is the mobile phone network. This paper gives an insight into one type of mobile phone network, the GSM network. To understand the general possibilities available for positioning using mobile phones one has to distinguish between different locations and modes of positioning. The location may be at the mobile phone (handset-based) or within the mobile phone network (net-based). The latter case has to be divided into positioning actively pursued by the mobile phone user or positioning using the GSM system intrinsic information. The second uses the mobile data without the knowledge of the mobile user in an anonymous way. An overview about the positioning methods, their assignment to the different positioning modes and to different accuracy levels is given in this paper. The structure of the GSM network as well as the requirements, that have to be available for the different positioning methods, are outlined. Special focus is given on the GSM system intrinsic positioning information.
Predictive factors for 12‐month outcome after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (2009)

There is a lack of knowledge regarding predictive factors for a successful clinical outcome after an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. The aim was to investigate pre-operative factors that may predict good outcomes as measured with the subscales Function in sports and recreation and Quality of life in Knee injury Osteoarthrithis Outcome Score (QOL-KOOS), one-leg hop test and Tegner Activity Scale 12 months after ACL reconstruction. Sixty-four patients, operated with either patellar or hamstring tendon graft, were included. Demographics, range of motion, anterior knee laxity, pivot shift, muscle-torques, anterior knee pain (AKP) and knee function were registered pre-operatively and used in a multiple regression model. Results show less degree of AKP and low influence on knee function to be the most important predictors for good outcome in Sport/Rec-KOOS (explained 31% of variances). Less AKP was in addition the most important predictor for QOL-KOOS (14%). Patellar-tendon graft, in favor of hamstring tendon graft, explained 8% of the improvement in the Tegner Activity Scale. In conclusion, a low degree of AKP was found to be the most important predictor for good clinical outcome 12 months after ACL reconstruction. Future studies, including psychological parameters, should use analyses that have the potential to control for independency between variables.
Microbial Ecology of Fe (hydr)oxide Mats and Basaltic Rock from Vailulu'u Seamount, American Samoa (2009)

Microbial community analysis of a deep-sea volcanic and hydrothermal system at Vailulu'u Seamount yielded 89 new organisms and three detailed 16S-rRNA gene clone libraries (one rock and two microbial mats). Proteobacterial communities dominate in most environments, but important differences are found between microbial mats from distinctly different geochemical environments and for the rock surface. Many cultured organisms are metabolically and functionally diverse, displaying at least two of the tested functions: heterotrophy, Fe(II) and Mn(II) oxidation, and siderophore-production. Metabolic versatility of microorganisms is suggested as an important trait allowing diverse populations of bacteria to adapt to these environments.
Understanding Fuel Stratification Effects on Partially Premixed Compression Ignition (PPCI) Combustion and Emissions Behaviors (2019)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Fuel stratification effects on the combustion and emissions behaviors for partially premixed compression ignition (PPCI) combustion of a high reactivity gasoline (research octane number of 80) was investigated using the third generation Gasoline Direct-Injection Compression Ignition (Gen3 GDCI) multi-cylinder engine. The PPCI combustion mode was achieved through a double injection strategy. The extent of in-cylinder fuel stratification was tailored by varying the start of second fuel injection timing (SOI&lt;sub&gt;second&lt;/sub&gt;) while the first fuel injection event was held constant and occurred during the intake stroke. Based on the experimental results, three combustion characteristic zones were identified in terms of the SOI&lt;sub&gt;second&lt;/sub&gt; - CA50 (crank angle at 50% cumulative heat release) relationship: (I) no response zone (HCCI-like combustion); (II) negative CA50 slope zone: (early PPCI mode); and (III) positive CA50 slope zone (late PPCI mode). Across the three zones, Zone II produced the best overall performance. In addition, a wider spray inclusion angle (130° vs. 100°) was found to allow for more retarded SOI&lt;sub&gt;second&lt;/sub&gt;, thereby resulting in stronger fuel stratification and enhanced control authority over CA50. Finally, closed-cycle combustion CFD analysis was performed to gain insight into the in-cylinder fuel-air mixing and combustion process in all three combustion zones. CFD analysis showed that a 130° spray inclusion angle led to improved fuel efficiency and emissions. It was also found that 350 bar fuel rail pressure helped reduce overmixing of the fuel, resulting in better ignitability of the gasoline and lower soot generated in the combustion chamber.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Novel Ambient Temperature Ionic Liquids for Zinc and Zinc Alloy Electrodeposition (2001)

SUMMARYThis work shows that novel ambient temperature ionic liquids can be produced from substituted quaternary ammonium salts and some metal salts. The ionic liquids are sufficiently conducting to allow electrochemical investigations to be carried out. Data on the electrochemical reduction of the metal ions is presented together with information on the deposit morphology of Zn, and Zn/Sn and Zn/Co alloys. The low cost and low toxicity of the ionic liquids makes possible their use for large-scale metal finishing applications.Key words: electrodepositionzincalloyionic liquid
Endovascular Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair Versus Open Repair: Why and Why Not? (2009)

Randomized clinical trials have documented clinical equipoise when comparing endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) with open aneurysm repair (OAR). Studies using large administrative databases in the United States have documented a trend whereby the majority of patients undergoing elective abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair in the United States are being repaired using endovascular techniques. However, few specific guidelines, outside of anatomic criteria for EVAR, exist to aid the physician in determining which approach is best for the individual patient. Variables to be considered in order to determine which approach is best for the patient who requires an AAA repair include age and comorbidities, arterial anatomy, and provider characteristics.