gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Supplementary material from "Poly(ether-block-amide) copolymer membrane for CO2/N2 separation: the influence of the casting solution concentration on its morphology, thermal properties and gas separation performance" (2019)

The present work is focused on the study of the effect that the casting solution concentration has on the morphology and gas separation performance of poly(ether-<i>block</i>-amide) copolymer membranes (Pebax<sup>®</sup> MH 1657). With this aim, three different concentrations of Pebax<sup>®</sup> MH 1657 in the casting solution (1, 3 and 5 wt%) were used to prepare dense membranes with a thickness of 40 µm. The morphology and thermal stability of all membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, rotational viscometer and thermogravimetric analyses. An increase in crystallinity was notable when the amount of solvent in the Pebax<sup>®</sup> MH 1657 solution was higher, mainly related to the polymer chains arrangement and the solvent evaporation time. Such characteristic seemed to play a key role in the thermal degradation of the membranes, confirming that the most crystalline materials tend to be thermally more stable than those with lower crystallinity. To study the influence of their morphology and operating temperature on the CO<sub>2</sub> separation, gas separation tests were conducted with the gas mixture CO<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2</sub>. Results indicated that a compromise must be found between the amount of solvent used to prepare the membranes and the crystallinity, in order to reach the best gas separation performance. Along this study, the best performance was achieved with the membrane prepared from a 3 wt% casting solution, reaching at 35°C and under a feed pressure of 3 bar, a CO<sub>2</sub> permeability of 110 Barrer and a CO<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2</sub> selectivity of 36.
Research on Intelligent Minefield Attack Decision Based on Adaptive Fireworks Algorithm (2018)

The decision of intelligent minefield attacking tank forces is a complex multi-constraint and multi-objective nonlinear optimization problem. Aiming at the common defects of commonly used intelligent algorithms and combining with the characteristics of fireworks algorithm, this paper proposed an adaptive fireworks algorithm to deal with it. In this paper, we first established the mathematical model of this problem and transformed the model into an unconstrained single-objective extremum by using the external penalty function method. Furthermore, the adaptive fireworks algorithm is used to solve the model. In order to verify the superiority of adaptive fireworks algorithm to deal with this problem, experimental results show that the adaptive fireworks algorithm has faster convergence speed and shorter computation time than the other algorithms, and the results can intuitively describe the reasonable task allocation scheme of the complex situation, which provides a foundation for studying the force control.
UWB based oil quality detection (2011)

In this paper we discuss an approach for fuel quality detection using Ultra-wideband (UWB) radar. The experimental setup consists of an ultrashort monocycle pulse transmitter (30 ps), an UWB sampling receiver and UWB antennae (3.1-10.6 GHz). One dimensional Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) model was used to model the electromagnetic wave propagation and assess the feasibility of oil quality detection using UWB RADAR. Performance of the UWB RADAR was analyzed through detailed experiments. The adulteration of gasoline and high speed diesel with kerosene was increased from 1% to 12% in steps. Using time of flight analysis the variation in adulteration of gasoline was detected from 1%. Adulteration in high speed diesel was detected using frequency domain analysis. Further, the level of water in the oil storage tank below the diesel or gasoline level can be accurately estimated. Detailed experiments with multiple batches of gasoline and high speed diesel were conducted. We also demonstrate that the adulteration can be detected across different batches of fuel.
Coma and Hypothermia in Wernicke's Encephalopathy (1980)

Two patients who developed Wernicke's Encephalopathy with subsequent hypothermia are described. Both patients responded rapidly to thiamine administration and one later had hypothalamic-pituitary function tests performed. This patient demonstrated depressed TSH response to TRH and a sluggish early cortisol response to adequate hypoglycaemia compared to 17 control subjects. These findings may suggest that previously described hypothalmic-pituitary abnormalties in chronic alcoholics may be mediated via thiamine deficiency and may also reflect hypothalamic damage contributing to the hypothermic state. The importance of intravenous thiamine administration in cases of coma of unknown aetiology is emphasised.
0820 Changes in equine hindgut fermentation and carbohydrate digestion in response to varying sources of nitrogen (2016)

Casein or urea were administered as dietary N sources in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square experiment to evaluate impact on hindgut fermentation and carbohydrate digestion in the horse. A basal diet consisting of native prairie hay (5.9% CP; 72.7% NDF) was fed to 9 cecally cannulated horses (469 ± 109 kg BW) at 0.6% of BW DM basis every 8 h for 6 wk. Periods consisted of a 7-d acclimation to the basal diet and a 7-d dosing phase. Horses were dosed via the cecal cannula 3×/d at the time of feeding for 7 d with 200 mL of water (W), or with 200 mL of water containing casein (C) or urea (U) to provide 1.12% N in the diet. During the final 4 d of each dosing phase, total fecal output was collected, and cecal digesta was collected 4 h after each feeding. Cecal digesta and feces were analyzed for pH and concentrations of ADF, NDF, ADIA, total VFA, and ammonia. Dosing with U resulted in greater concentrations of cecal ammonia (3.00 mM, P < 0.05) compared to horses dosed with W (1.69 mM), or C (2.01 mM). Cecal pH increased (P < 0.01) in horses dosed with C (7.72) or U (7.85) compared to W (7.45), but fecal pH was not different between treatments (P > 0.05). Total VFA concentrations in cecal digesta were greater (P < 0.01) for horses dosed with U (50.27 mM) compared to those dosed with W (32.17 mM) or C (32.17 mM). Fecal NDF and ADF were decreased (P < 0.05) in horses dosed with U (63.07% NDF, 52.78% ADF) or C (59.68% NDF, 49.98% ADF) compared to those treated with W (66.50% NDF, 54.49% ADF), but ADIA content was not different (P > 0.05). Taken together, differences in cecal ammonia, pH, and total VFA, along with changes in fecal NDF and ADF as a result of treatment, indicate that protein and non-protein N sources introduced directly into the cecum lead to changes in microbial fermentation in the hindgut that increase fiber digestion in the horse.
Highly Selective Acylation of Dimethylamine Mediated by Oxygen Atoms on Metallic Gold Surfaces (2009)

Completely coupled: The acylation of dimethylamine through coupling to formaldehyde occurs with almost 100 % selectivity at low coverage of adsorbed O atoms on metallic gold and with a low activation energy. Oxygen creates an active intermediate (CH3)2N(a) , which attacks the carbonyl carbon of the aldehyde (see picture). A general mechanistic framework for efficient and selective acylation of amines promoted by Au is established. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
A reduced IL2R (CD25) expression level in first and second degree female relatives of autoimmune thyroid disease patients. A sign of a poor capability to preserve tolerance? (2006)

There is room for immune markers other than TPO-Abs to identify an increased risk to develop autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD). Our aim was to test the hypothesis that activation of CD4+ T cells is such marker in relatives of AITD patients, who have an increased risk to develop AITD. We established a controlled study on 20 TPO-Ab positive and 20 TPO-Ab negative euthyroid female relatives. All these cases had at least one 1st or 2nd degree relative with a documented autoimmune hyper- or hypothyroidism in whom we studied the percentages of circulating subsets of activated (MHC class-II, CD25 (IL-2R), CD71 or CD69+) CD4+ T cells and the level of the soluble (s)-IL2R in serum. We found that euthyroid female relatives did not show an activation of their T cell system, but a reduced expression of CD25 on CD4+ T cells. The level of the shed IL2R in serum was also lower in comparison with levels found in healthy control females. A reduced T cell activity was found in both TPO-Ab positive and negative relatives. In conclusion, female relatives with at least one 1st or 2nd degree relative with an AITD show signs of a reduced expansion capability of their T cell pool. It is hypothesized that this reduced expansion capability may affect T cell tolerance mechanisms more than T effector mechanisms.
The Effects of Glaucoma and Glaucoma Therapies on Corneal Endothelial Cell Density (2020)

A healthy corneal endothelium is required for corneal clarity. Both the glaucoma disease state and its various forms of treatment can have adverse effects on the corneal endothelium. Both the presence of glaucoma and the magnitude of intraocular pressure elevation are related to endothelial cell loss (ECL). Topical medical therapy, laser procedures, and both traditional surgeries-trabeculectomy and tube-shunts-and newer minimally invasive glaucoma surgeries have variable effects on ECL. This review will summarize the reported effects of glaucoma and its treatment on ECL. Concerns for corneal endothelial cell health should be part of the decision-making process when planning glaucoma therapy for lowering intraocular pressure, with added caution in case of planned device implantation in eyes with preexisting ECL and low endothelial cell density at high risk for corneal endothelial decompensation.
Diffusional separation of gases by sinusoidal oscillations (1987)

It is shown that gas mixtures can be separated at relatively high differential flow rates by an enhanced diffusion technique involving the oscillation of gases within a capillary bundle in the presence of axial concentration gradients. Experimental data for the diffusional separation of both He–CO2 and CO2–SF6 mixtures into an O2 carrier are presented.
Potential for oxytetracycline administration by three routes to cause milk residues in lactating cows, as detected by radioimmunoassay (Charm II) and high-performance liquid chromatography test methods. (1995)

Milk antimicrobial residues are a serious concern for the dairy industry. Residues of the tetracycline family of antimicrobials have been reported in market milk by investigators, using radioimmunoassay and microbial receptor technology (hereafter referred to as the Charm II test). In response to these reports, an investigation was conducted to determine the potential of 3 extra-label routes of oxytetracycline (OTC) administration to cause milk residues above the Food and Drug Administration safe value of 30 parts per billion (ppb). Lactating Holstein cows were administered OTC once by use of 1 of 3 routes: IV at 16.5 mg/kg of body weight (n = 6); IM at 11 mg/kg (n = 6); and intrauterine (IU) at 2 g in 500 ml of saline solution/cow (n = 6). Duplicate milk samples were collected at the milking prior to drug administration and for the next 13 milkings at 12-hour intervals. Concentrations of OTC in milk samples were analyzed by use of the Charm II tes for tetracyclines (limit of OTC detection, approx 5 ppb) and were compared with concentrations determined by use of a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method (lower limit of OTC quantitation, approx 2 ppb). The potential for milk OTC residues above the Food and Drug Administration safe value of 30 ppb after treatment was considerably greater for the IV and IM routes, compared with the IU route.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Continued Emergence of USA300 Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusin the United States: Results from a Nationwide Surveillance Study (2014)

The USA300 PFGE type continues to advance nationwide. A single strain type (USA300/t008/IV) predominates in all regions and infection sites and is now more common than USA100 as a cause of MRSA BSI and nosocomial infections. Although most USA300 retain typical susceptibility profiles, multidrug-resistant phenotypes are emerging.
Citalopram and Cannabidiol (2021)

Further pharmacokinetic examination of the interaction between CBD and citalopram/escitalopram is clearly warranted, and clinicians should be vigilant around the possibility of treatment-emergent adverse effects when CBD is introduced to patients taking these antidepressants.
ChemInform Abstract: Enzymatic Synthesis of Bicyclic γ‐Lactams Using Clavaminic Acid Synthase. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Right ventricular dysfunction during acute respiratory distress syndrome and veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (2018)

Severe ARDS can be complicated by right ventricular (RV) failure. The etiology of RV failure in ARDS is multifactorial. Vascular alterations, hypoxia, hypercapnia and effects of mechanical ventilation may play a role. Echocardiography has an important role in diagnosing RV failure in ARDS patients. Once extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is indicated in these patients, the right ECMO modus needs to be chosen. In this review, the etiology, diagnosis and management of RV failure in ARDS will be briefly outlined. The beneficial effect of veno-venous (VV) ECMO on RV function in these patients will be illustrated. Based on this, we will give recommendations regarding choice of ECMO modus and provide an algorithm for management of RV failure in VV ECMO supported patients.
A novel semi-active multibeam antenna concept (1990)

A multimatrix semiactive antenna has been selected for the ESA project SAT-2 for communications with mobiles at 1.5/1.6 GHz. In a typical configuration, six fixed beams cover western Europe, while movable beams can be used for the rest of the coverage. Each beam uses three feeds: one feed is shared between adjacent fixed beams, and one or two between adjacent movable beam positions. A global beam can also be generated. A possible configuration for the front-end to be associated with 5.5-in offset reflector is shown. Computed isodirectivity contours are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Games-Based Learning in the Classroom and How it can Work! (2009)

Based on real-world experiences using a variety of digital games, this chapter presents a guide for teachers on how to use games-based learning in the classroom. Beginning with a theoretical overview of the change in learning styles and the growing digital divide, the impact that games have had on young people will be discussed. The limitations faced and ways to overcome these to create effective pedagogical experiences when using games will follow. The second half of this chapter aims to provide a practical guide for teachers wishing to integrate games into their classrooms, beginning with an overview of the changing role of the teacher, moving onto preparation guidelines, before finally discussing assessment and practical implementations.
CBCT image reconstruction of a moving target with an on-board imaging system for radiation therapy (2013)

To accomplish accurate irradiation to a target, image information about the target is very useful in radiotherapy. A kilo-voltage cone-beam computed tomography (kV-CBCT) system mounted on a linear accelerator can verify the accuracy of the set-up position and the size and location of the target on each treatment day. However, the gantry of the CBCT system is heavy and so requires a long data acquisition time. As a result, image distortion occurs in the case of a moving target. In this study, we proposed a method to reconstruct a target less affected by any motion of the target, and evaluated the proposed method with a moving phantom. In our method, CBCT images of the moving phantom were acquired, and the target position in two directions was detected with a template matching method using these projection images. And we selected data acquisition angles of the projection images in which the target was located in predefined regions in the projection images, and made a sinogram with the projection image of selected angles. A less blurred image was reconstructed with a filtered-backprojection method from the sinogram. The results of experiments showed that the blurring caused by the movement of the phantom was reduced with our proposed method.
Management and Analysis of Bitstreams Generators for Xilinx FPGAs (2009)

This work introduces the concepts used in analyzing the end product of the Xilinx FPGA bitstream generation toolchain, for the application of Dynamic Reconfiguration methodologies, i.e. a particular set of tecniques used to change a portion of the FPGA hardware at runtime. By analyzing the bitstream files of single hw sections, the requirements enforced by the manufacturer can be verified by means of an automated SW - separated from Xilinx toolchain - described in the book. The insight into configuration memory gained from the analysis of bitstreams has been further exploited to implement advanced tools for dynamic reconfiguration, such as analysis of area conflicts in the evolution of the configuration over time, or possible bitstream relocation position computation. This book illustrates the algorithms and methodologies used for extracting information from bitstream files, verifying constraints and perform further analysis in light of dynamic reconfiguration capabilities of the FPGA.
Is enzyme immobilization a mature discipline? Some critical considerations to capitalize on the benefits of immobilization (2022)

Enzyme immobilization has been developing since the 1960s and although many industrial biocatalytic processes use the technology to improve enzyme performance, still today we are far from full exploitation of the field. One clear reason is that many evaluate immobilization based on only a few experiments that are not always well-designed. In contrast to many other reviews on the subject, here we highlight the pitfalls of using incorrectly designed immobilization protocols and explain why in many cases sub-optimal results are obtained. We also describe solutions to overcome these challenges and come to the conclusion that recent developments in material science, bioprocess engineering and protein science continue to open new opportunities for the future. In this way, enzyme immobilization, far from being a mature discipline, remains as a subject of high interest and where intense research is still necessary to take full advantage of the possibilities.
Ping-pong effects in linear parallel interference cancellation for CDMA (2003)

The convergence behavior of linear parallel interference cancellation is investigated. Especially the so-called ping-pong effect, where the bit-error rate performance is found to oscillate between two different convergence patterns is studied in detail. This effect is shown to be a direct consequence of the extreme eigenvalues of the correlation matrix, allowing for an analytical approach. Intervals for the dominating eigenvalues within which ping-pong effects can occur are specified and illustrated by examples. It is shown that the decision statistic for traditional parallel cancellation will always exhibit oscillating behavior with either short or long codes. Relaxation factors, leading to weighted cancellation, are shown to be effective for alleviating oscillations and ping-pong effects at the expense of convergence rate. Asymptotic analysis for large systems is applied to uncover the convergence behavior for long code systems.
Synthesis of novel conjugated polymers containing alternating hexa-1,3,5-triene and bi-p-phenylene or ter-p-phenylene segments (1996)

G. A. Power, P. Hodge and N. B. McKeown, Chem. Commun., 1996, 655 DOI: 10.1039/CC9960000655
Induction of G2/M Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis by Genistein in Human Bladder Cancer T24 Cells through Inhibition of the ROS-Dependent PI3k/Akt Signal Transduction Pathway (2019)

We examined the anti-cancer effect of genistein, a soy-derived isoflavone, in human bladder transitional cell carcinoma T24 cells. According to our data, genistein induced G2/M phase arrest of the cell cycle and apoptosis. Genistein down-regulated the levels of cyclin A and cyclin B1, but up-regulated the levels of p21WAF1/CIP1, cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor, that was complexed with Cdc2 and Cdk2. Furthermore, genistein induced the activation of caspases (caspase-3, -8 and -9), and cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. However, genistein-induced apoptosis was significantly inhibited by a pan-caspase inhibitor, indicating that the induction of apoptosis by genestein was caspase-dependent. In addition, genistein increased the cytosolic release of cytochrome <i>c</i> by increasing the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and destroying mitochondria integrity. Moreover, genistein inactivated the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway, while LY294002, a PI3K/Akt inhibitor, increased the apoptosis-inducing effect of genistein. Genistein further increased the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which was significantly suppressed by N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), a ROS scavenger, and in particular, NAC prevented genistein-mediated inactivation of PI3K/Akt signaling, G2/M arrest and apoptosis. Therefore, the present results indicated that genistein promoted apoptosis induction in human bladder cancer T24 cells, which was associated with G2/M phase cell cycle arrest via regulation of ROS-dependent PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
<title>Water into wine: converting scanner RGB to tristimulus XYZ</title> (1993)

A simple method of converting scanner (RGB) responses to estimates of object tristimulus (XYZ) coordinates is to apply a linear transformation to the RGB values. The transformation parameters are selected subject to minimization of some relevant error measure. While the linear method is easy, it can be quite imprecise. Linear methods are only guaranteed to work when the scanner sensor responsivities are within a linear transformation of the human color- matching functions. In studying the linear transformation methods, we have observed that the error distribution between the true and estimated XYZ values is often quite regular: plotted in tristimulus coordinates, the error cloud is a highly eccentric ellipse, often nearly a line. We will show that this observation is expected when the collection of surface reflectance functions is well-described by a low-dimensional linear model, as is often the case in practice. We will discuss the implications of our observation for scanner design and for color correction algorithms that encourage operator intervention.