gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient detail-enhanced exposure correction based on auto-fusion for LDR image (2016)

We consider the problem of how to simultaneously and well correct the over- and under-exposure regions in a single low dynamic range (LDR) image. Recent methods typically focus on global visual quality but cannot well-correct much potential details in extremely wrong exposure areas, and some are also time consuming. In this paper, we propose a fast and detail-enhanced correction method based on automatic fusion which combines a pair of complementarily corrected images, i.e. backlight & highlight correction images (BCI &HCI). A BCI with higher visual quality in details is quickly produced based on a proposed faster multi-scale retinex algorithm; meanwhile, a HCI is generated through contrast enhancement method. Then, an automatic fusion algorithm is proposed to create a color-protected exposure mask for fusing BCI and HCI when avoiding potential artifacts on the boundary. The experiment results show that the proposed method can fast correct over/under-exposed regions with higher detail quality than existing methods.
Excitation-dependent photoluminescence in Ge∕Si Stranski-Krastanov nanostructures (2006)

In Ge∕Si Stranski-Krastanov nanostructures grown by chemical vapor deposition, the authors find ∼30meV/decade photoluminescence (PL) spectral shift toward greater photon energies as excitation intensity increases from 0.1to104W∕cm2. The PL lifetime exhibits strong spectral dependence, and it decreases from ∼20μs at 0.77eVto200ns at 0.89eV. The authros attribute the observed PL spectral shift and shorter PL lifetime at higher photon energies to an increasing contribution from recombination between holes populating excited Ge cluster energy states and electrons in SiGe alloy cluster regions.
Time domain testing of large nonlinear circuits (1989)

This paper presents a new approach to analog and mixed mode testing based on a decomposition technique. Voltage measurements placed at the partition points are used to reduce the effect of a faulty element to a local area, thus facilitating the test. Limiting the effect of a fault to a local area allows the separation of digital and analog parts as their analyses do not have to be performed simultaneously. In the proposed testing technique measurements play an active role not only on the assessment of circuit functionality but on the circuit simulation as well. The authors present the description of their method for time domain testing. The method can be extended for the measurements of harmonic components of the periodic response. They discuss the nonlinear system equations and sensitivity approach, then introduce the decomposition approach. The test procedure of the proposed approach is given. >
Characterizing Silicon Avalanche Photodiode Fabricated by Standard 0.18µm CMOS Process for High-Speed Operation (2016)

nMOS-type and pMOS-type silicon avalanche photodiodes (APDs) were fabricated by standard 0.18µm CMOS process, and the current-voltage characteristic and the frequency response of the APDs with and without guard ring structure were measured. The role of the guard ring is cancellation of photo-generated carriers in a deep layer and a substrate. The bandwidth of the APD is enhanced with the guard ring structure at a sacrifice of the responsivity. Based on comparison of nMOS-type and pMOS-type APDs, the nMOS-type APD is more suitable for high-speed operation. The bandwidth is enhanced with decreasing the spacing of interdigital electrodes due to decreased carrier transit time and with decreasing the detection area and the PAD size for RF probing due to decreased device capacitance. The maximum bandwidth was achieved with the avalanche gain of about 10. Finally, we fabricated a nMOS-type APD with the electrode spacing of 0.84µm, the detection area of 10×10µm2, the PAD size for RF probing of 30×30µm2, and with the guard ring structure. The maximum bandwidth of 8.4GHz was achieved along with the gain-bandwidth product of 280GHz.
International Consensus Statement on Testing and Reporting of Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies (ANCA) (1999)

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) tests are used to diagnose and monitor inflammatory activity in the primary systemic small vessel vasculitides. ANCA is best demonstrated in these diseases by using a combination of indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) of normal peripheral blood neutrophils and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) that detect ANCA specific for proteinase 3 (PR3) or myeloperoxidase (MPO). For ANCA testing in "new" patients, IIF must be performed on all serum samples. Serum samples containing ANCA, any other cytoplasmic fluorescence, or an antinuclear antibody (ANA) that results in homogeneous or peripheral nuclear fluorescence then should be tested in ELISAs for PR3-ANCA and MPO-ANCA. Optimally, ELISAs for PR3-ANCA and MPO-ANCA should be performed on all serum samples. Inclusion of the most recent positive sample in the IIF or ELISA may help demonstrate a change in antibody level. Reports should use recommended terms. Any report of positive neutrophil fluorescence issued before the ELISA results are available should indicate that positive fluorescence alone is not specific for the diagnosis of Wegener granulomatosis or microscopic polyangiitis and that decisions about treatment should not be based solely on the ANCA results.
Pharmacokinetics of dexamethasone in a rat model of rheumatoid arthritis (2008)

Dexamethasone (DEX) is often given for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and clinical dosing regimens of DEX have often been based empirically. This study tests whether the inflammation processes in a rat model of rheumatoid arthritis alters the clearance and volume of distribution of DEX when compared with healthy controls. Groups of healthy and arthritic male Lewis rats received either a low (0.225 mg/kg) or high (2.25 mg/kg) intramuscular dose of DEX. Arthritis was induced by intradermal injection of type II porcine collagen in incomplete Freund's adjuvant emulsion at the base of the tail. DEX was dosed in the arthritic animals 22 days post arthritis induction. Plasma DEX concentrations were determined by HPLC. Plasma concentration versus time data were analysed by non-compartmental analysis and pharmacokinetic model fitting using the population pharmacokinetic software NONMEM V. A linear bi-exponential pharmacokinetic model with extravascular input described the data for both healthy and arthritic animals. Clearance was the only parameter determined statistically different between both groups (healthy=1.05 l/h/kg, arthritic=1.19 l/h/kg). The steady-state volume of distribution for both groups was 4.85 l/kg. The slight difference in clearance was visibly undetectable and unlikely to produce meaningful changes in DEX disposition in arthritic rats.
Reducing Strain and Fracture of Electrophoretically Deposited CdSe Nanocrystal Films. II. Postdeposition Infusion of Monomers (2012)

Thick electrophoretically deposited (EPD) films of ligand-capped colloidal nanocrystals (NCs) typically crack when removed from the deposition solvent due to the loss of residual solvent. We report the suppression of fracture in several micrometers thick EPD films of CdSe NCs by treating the wet, as-deposited films with solutions of polymer precursor monomers, followed by UV-initiated polymerization. The monomers diffuse into voids and, for several monomers, dissolve the NCs to form a uniform dispersion in the film.
Computational prediction of protein subdomain stability in MYBPC3 enables clinical risk stratification in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and enhances variant interpretation (2020)

Abstract Purpose Variants in MYBPC3 causing loss-of-function are the most common cause of HCM. However, a substantial number of patients carry missense variants of uncertain significance (VUS) in MYBPC3. We hypothesize that a structural-based algorithm, STRUM, which estimates the effect of missense variants on protein folding, will improve clinical risk stratification of patients with HCM and a MYBPC3 VUS. Methods Among 7,963 patients in the multi-center Sarcomeric Human Cardiomyopathy Registry, 120 unique missense VUSs in MYBPC3 were identified. Variants were evaluated for their effect on subdomain folding and a stratified time-to-event analysis for an overall composite endpoint (first occurrence of ventricular arrhythmia, heart failure, all-cause mortality, atrial fibrillation, and stroke) was performed for patients with HCM and a MYBPC3 missense VUS. Results We demonstrated that patients carrying a MYBPC3 VUS predicted to cause subdomain misfolding (STRUM +, ΔΔG ≤-1.2 kcal/mol) exhibited a higher rate of adverse events compared to those with a STRUM-VUS (Hazard Ratio=2.29, P=0.0282). In silico saturation mutagenesis of MYBPC3 identified 4,943/23,427 (21%) missense variants that were predicted to cause subdomain misfolding. Conclusions STRUM enables clinical risk stratification of patients with HCM and a MYBPC3 VUS and has the capacity to improve prognostic predictions and clinical decision making.
Frequency of cholelithiasis in need of surgical or endoscopic treatment a decade or more after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (2022)

With a median follow-up of more than 11 years after RYGB, one in six patients with an intact gallbladder at time of RYGB underwent cholecystectomy, and 1.1% of the patients needed surgical or endoscopic treatment for choledocholithiasis. Patients with a history of cholecystectomy reported a higher frequency of abdominal pain.
Overall Survival Endpoint in Oncology Clinical Trials: Addressing the Effect of Crossover - The Case of Pazopanib in Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma (2016)

This case study supports the need to adjust for confounded OS due to crossover, which enables trials to meet ethical standards and provides decision makers with a more accurate estimate of treatment benefit.
Brain Stem Infarction Following Cervical Spine Injury. (1991)

A rare case of brain stem infarction as a complication of cervical spine injury is reported. A 15-year-old male had sustained a cervical spine injury complicated by quadriplegia. Cervical X-ray and CT scan revealed a right facet dislocation at C4/5. Ten hours after open reduction of the dislocation, he developed cranial nerve deficits. Vertebral angiograms showed complete occlusion of the basilar artery at its origin and of the right vertebral artery. Brain MRI demonstrated infarction of the medulla and pons. The fact that a follow-up angiogram revealed intimal injury of the right vertebral artery suggested embolization of the basilar artery originating at the initial site of injury of the vertebral artery. Vertebral artery injury may be a common lesion following cervical trauma. Consequently, the possibility of secondary infarction of the brain stem or cerebellum should be taken into consideration in managing patiens with cervical spine injuries.
Self-Organizing Hierarchical Particle Swarm Optimization for Nonconvex Economic Dispatch (2008)

The economic dispatch has the objective of generation allocation to the power generators in such a manner that the total fuel cost is minimized while all operating constraints are satisfied. Conventional optimization methods assume generator cost curves to be continuous and monotonically increasing, but modern generators have a variety of nonlinearities in their cost curves making this assumption inaccurate, and the resulting approximate dispatches cause a lot of revenue loss. Evolutionary methods like particle swarm optimization perform better for such problems as no convexity assumptions are imposed, but these methods converge to sub-optimum solutions prematurely, particularly for multimodal problems. To handle the problem of premature convergence, this paper proposes to apply a novel self-organizing hierarchical particle swarm optimization (SOH_PSO) for the nonconvex economic dispatch (NCED). The performance further improves when time-varying acceleration coefficients are included. The results show that the proposed approach outperforms previous methods for NCED.
Errata and Addenda - The Chemistry of the Benzimidazoles (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTErrata and Addenda - The Chemistry of the BenzimidazolesJohn B. WrightCite this: Chem. Rev. 1951, 49, 2, XXX-XXXPublication Date (Print):October 1, 1951Publication History Published online19 October 2004Published inissue 1 October 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr60153a603https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60153a603research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views155Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Stereochemical studies: XVII—the proton coupling constants and conformational equilibria of trans‐1,2‐disubstituted cyclohexenes (1974)

Abstract The vicinal 3 J aa and 3 J ee spin‐spin coupling constants of a number of deuterated trans ‐1,2‐disubstituted cyclohexenes and the Δ H and Δ S values of the conformational equilibria of these compounds have been determined by computer optimisation of the 3 J (HH) = f ( T ) function. Compounds with —CF 3 and CCl 3 substituents were shown to have an enhanced proportion of the diaxial conformer.
The United States Department of Defense revitalization of system security engineering through program protection (2012)

This paper discusses the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) state-of-practice of integrating security into systems engineering (SE) in order to implement system security engineering (SSE) through the program protection process. The discussion includes a description of new policies and the application of methods and techniques to implement SSE. Although SSE is normally viewed as a specialty engineering area, this paper emphasizes the need to more tightly integrate SSE with the overall systems engineering.
Spared Piriform Cortical Single-Unit Odor Processing and Odor Discrimination in the Tg2576 Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease (2014)

Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly today. One of the earliest reported signs of Alzheimer's disease is olfactory dysfunction, which may manifest in a variety of ways. The present study sought to address this issue by investigating odor coding in the anterior piriform cortex, the primary cortical region involved in higher order olfactory function, and how it relates to performance on olfactory behavioral tasks. An olfactory habituation task was performed on cohorts of transgenic and age-matched wild-type mice at 3, 6 and 12 months of age. These animals were then anesthetized and acute, single-unit electrophysiology was performed in the anterior piriform cortex. In addition, in a separate group of animals, a longitudinal odor discrimination task was conducted from 3-12 months of age. Results showed that while odor habituation was impaired at all ages, Tg2576 performed comparably to age-matched wild-type mice on the olfactory discrimination task. The behavioral data mirrored intact anterior piriform cortex single-unit odor responses and receptive fields in Tg2576, which were comparable to wild-type at all age groups. The present results suggest that odor processing in the olfactory cortex and basic odor discrimination is especially robust in the face of amyloid b precursor protein (AbPP) over-expression and advancing amyloid b (Ab) pathology. Odor identification deficits known to emerge early in Alzheimer's disease progression, therefore, may reflect impairments in linking the odor percept to associated labels in cortical regions upstream of the primary olfactory pathway, rather than in the basic odor processing itself.
Response: Commentary: Control of Body Weight by Eating Behavior in Children (2016)

GENERAL COMMENTARY article Front. Pediatr., 10 March 2016Sec. Children and Health Volume 4 - 2016 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2016.00017
Establishment and Characterization of Human Ovarian Cancer Cell Line YM: OVCAR-1 (1995)

A cell line YM: OVCAR-1, established from malignant tissue of a patient with poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of ovary after debulking operation, has been karyotyped by Giemsa-staining method. The number of chromosomes in the majority of cells is around 57 to 60. The metaphases examined revealed that 28% of the cells have chromosome numbers near the triploid region with fragmentation present in 12% of the metaphases. There are two percent of preparations containing double minutes. The common chromosome markers are add (1) (q11), del (1) (p 12), der(3) (p25) del(3) (q21), dup (3) (q21; q27), dic (3; 6) (p25;q21), der (7) t (x;7) (q 11; p11), der(11) t (11; 13) (p 15; q12), der (11) t (10; 11) (q 11-21;p 11), del (12)(p 11), der (14) t (14;? 17) (p 11;? q 11), add (15) (p11). The cells showed a large epithelial-like shape with vacuolated cytoplasm, enlarged muclei and mucleoli, which also secrete carcinoembryonic antigen in the culture medium. The cell line provides a system to study the mechanisms of drug resistance, tumorigenesis and signal transductions of oncogenes in human ovarian cancer.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐(Dimethyloctylsilyl)ethyl Lactoside: A Versatile Intermediate for Chemical and Enzymic Ganglioside Synthesis. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Prospects for real power sources based on quantum mechanics (1997)

The work described here shows that multi-barrier tunnelling structures have features that suggest that they should be seriously considered for use as power sources in the range 300 GHz to 2 THz. Current MBE techniques can achieve the requirements for uniformity in electron energy within a quantum well on both small and large distance scales. The most important remaining problem in MBE growth seems to be short term fluctuations in the growth rates. Now that the time scale of this major problem has been identified there is a reasonable prospect of identifying its cause and eliminating the problem.
Figure S5 from SIX2 Mediates Late-Stage Metastasis via Direct Regulation of <i>SOX2</i> and Induction of a Cancer Stem Cell Program (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Six2 and Sox2 mRNA positively correlate in breast cancer patient samples and upregulates genes associated with stemness and poorer prognosis&lt;/p&gt;
A Randomized Prospective Trial of the Cutaneous and Sensory Effects of Feminine Hygiene Wet Wipes (2009)

This examiner-blind, randomized, prospective clinical trial compared the effects of a prototype feminine hygiene wet wipe and a standard dry toilet tissue on the vulvar skin in 120 premenopausal women (aged 18 to 45) and 60 postmenopausal women (aged 55 to 80). The study group subjects used wet wipes coated with a skin cleansing lotion containing moisturizers. The control group used commercially available dry toilet tissue. Wet wipes were used for one menstrual cycle by premenopausal women; postmenopausal women used the product for about 28 days. The primary outcome measure was the study investigator’s visual assessment of skin erythema and skin moisture of the external genitalia and upper thighs. The secondary outcome measure was a subjective assessment by the participants of itching, burning, irritation, and other sensory effects. The incidence of vulvar skin or mucosal erythma among the treatment and control groups was very low over the 4-week study period. Differences between the two groups were insignificant. Compared to the controls, wet wipes were associated with a statistically significant increase in the frequency of elevated moisture in the laboria minor of premenopausal women and in the laboria major and perineum of postmenopausal women. More premenpausal than postmenopausal women reported the wet wipes to be too wet (30% versus 10%, respectively). Some premenopausal women reported that the wet wipes caused minor stinging and burning symptoms. Ninety-five percent of the postmenopausal women and 79% of the premenopausal women rated the product very good to excellent for cleansing. The findings of both clinical evaluation and subjective assessment indicate that the prototype wet wipes have no significant effect on skin irritation in the vulva, perineum, and upper thighs. The investigators believe that the preference of the postmenopausal women for wet wipes could be due to some relief of the skin dryness and atrophy associated with estrogen deletion. It is important that clinicians be aware of various healthcare issues or products in the popular media so that you can make an informed comment when a patient asks, “What do you think about medicated towels for vulvar cleansing?” There are actually several brands of small wet wipes which are synthetic towelettes moistened with various lotions. These are very much like the baby wipes used to clean infants after a dirty diaper. Some are moistened with aloe or vitamin E, and they are marketed for use after exercise or intimate activity to “soothe and calm irritated skin on contact.” They do not contain alcohol or other irritants or drying agents. Are they helpful? Are they harmful? Are they necessary? Like an electric pencil sharpener, you don’t know that you need one until you try it.
Laser-ablation-assisted microparticle acceleration for drug delivery (2005)

Localized drug delivery with minimal tissue damage is desired in some of the clinical procedures such as gene therapy, treatment of cancer cells, treatment of thrombosis, etc. We present an effective method for delivering drug-coated microparticles using laser ablation on a thin metal foil containing particles. A thin metal foil, with a deposition of a layer of microparticles is subjected to laser ablation on its backface such that a shock wave propagates through the foil. Due to shock wave loading, the surface of the foil containing microparticles is accelerated to very high speeds, ejecting the deposited particles at hypersonic speeds. The ejected particles have sufficient momentum to penetrate soft body tissues, and the penetration depth observed is sufficient for most of the pharmacological treatments. We have tried delivering 1μm tungsten particles into gelatin models that represent soft tissues, and liver tissues of an experimental rat. Sufficient penetration depths have been observed in these experiments with minimum target damage.
Reconstructing I/O (2004)

We present a next-generation architecture that addresses problems of dependability, maintainability, and manageability of I/O devices and their software drivers on the PC platform. Our architecture resolves both hardware and software issues, exploiting emerging hardware features to improve device safety. Our high-performance implementation, based on the Xen virtual machine monitor, provides an immediate transition opportunity for today’s systems.