gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mimicking of Functional State Space with Structural Tests for the Diagnosis of Board-Level Functional Failures (2010)

A common scenario in industry today is “No Trouble Found” (NTF) due to functional failures. A component on a board fails during board-level functional test, but it passes the Automatic Test Equipment (ATE) test when it is returned to the supplier for warranty replacement or service repair. To find the root cause of NTF, we define an innovative deterministic test, namely functional scan test. We also propose two approaches for using functional scan test to adequately mimic functional state space. The first approach allows us to select a given number of initial states in linear time and functional scan tests resulting from these selected states are used to mimic the functional state space effectively. The second approach adopts a state-injection technique. Experiments on an industry design show that by using either multiple initial states or state injection, functional scan test with appropriate functional constraints can mimic the functional state space well, measured by appropriate coverage metrics. Therefore, it is feasible to use functional scan test to detect board-level functional failures in a controlled deterministic environment and diagnose the root cause to faulty wires/gates inside a component. It is also shown that the proposed method outperforms a random method in selecting the given number of effective initial states.
[Epidemiology of cervical and endometrial cancer]. (1997)

In 1995, in France, the estimation of the cervix cancer incidence, with 3,300 new cases, is of 10.3 per 100,000, and the incidence of the endometrial cancer with 3,268 new cases, is of 13.8 per 100,000. The decrease of the incidence of the cervical cancer is of more than 50%, in 1975, the incidence was of 22.4 per 100,000. For the endometrial cancer, the decrease is insignificant, as in 1975, the incidence was of 14.4 per 100,000. This phenomenon has been observed in most european countries. The incidence of the adenocarcinoma of the cervix remains stable. The relative survival at 5 years, at all ages in the French cancer registry of Bas-Rhin is of 65% for the cervical cancer and of 73% for the corpus uteri cancer. However, no improvement has been observed since 1975. The risk factors are quite well-known concerning the cervical cancer, there is a strong correlation with the sexual activities, age at first intercourse, the multiplicity of the partners, which clearly shows that the cervical cancer is a sexually transmitted disease. Concerning the endometrial cancer, the risk factors are mostly linked with the reproductive life: age at menarche, parity, age at first birth, menstrual irregularities, infertility and menopause.
The Electroreduction of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Electroreduction of Quaternary Ammonium CompoundsJaspal S. Mayell and Allen J. BardCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1963, 85, 4, 421–425Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1963https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00887a011RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views308Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (612 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
IgM rheumatoid factors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis derive from a diverse array of germline immunoglobulin genes and display little evidence of somatic variation. (1992)

Rheumatoid factors (RF) are present in the plasma of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) although the site of synthesis of most of these antibodies is within the synovium. This report primary concerns RF of the IgM isotype. While a few of the RF derive from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus or from normal individuals, the remaining derive from the inflamed synovial tissue of patients with RA. Two RF are encoded by members of the VH1 gene family, 8 from the VH3 family and 2 from the VH4 family. Two polyreactive antibodies derive from the VH3 family and 2 come from the VH4 family. This distribution is not fundamentally different from the distributions seen in a large array of autoantibodies and antibodies to external antigens. Similarly, the light chains derive from most of the known kappa and lambda VL families. It is hard to escape the preliminary conclusion that gene segments from virtually any light chain variable region can contribute to RF or polyreactive antibody structures. Most IgM RF and polyreactive antibodies are direct copies of germline genes in one of their polypeptide chains or at most are 2 nucleotides away in one of their chains from a known germline gene.
4896 - A COMPUTATIONAL METHOD FOR THE PREDICTION OF DAMAGE AND DELAMINATION IN COMPOSITE PIPES (2015)

This work is supported by Alcatel Space who needs a numerical tool for the prediction of the behaviour of composite pipes in presence of defects. A first step in this direction is to be able to predict the evolution of the damaging during a thermo-mechanical loading. To decrease the cost of such a non-linear 3D computation, an efficient computational strategy has to be studied. Regarding the pipe degradations, the problem can be simplified. The main defects and degradations are located at the edge of the pipe, so a simple elastic beam model is used to compute the stresses and the strains at the heart of the pipe. Then a local analysis is conducted on the edge zone using a non-linear 3D computation. A special treatment of the edge zone is done because the edge problem remains too costly. Two different models cohabit in this strategy and boundary conditions have to be extracted from the beam solution to be imposed on the 3D edge model. This link must not generate spurious effects near the linking zone (spurious damage for example). The link must contain the Saint-Venant solution and to obtain this solution the exact beam theory developed by Ladevèze and Simmonds is used. Let&amp;apos;s remark that it is very difficult to build such a link with a classical beam theory. Regarding the edge zone, each elastic 3D resolution is solved using an axisymmetric preconditioner. The problem linked to this preconditioner is uncoupled in a set of 2D problems. For that a Fourier series expansion of the displacement field and the loading is done. This Fourier expansion allows to uncouple the 3D problem because of the material layout. The transfer from the 3D problem to the 2D ones is performed by a FFT and its inverse. This strategy has been illustrated on carbon fabric composite pipe modelled using the meso-model developed by Ladevèze and extended to fabric plies by Hochard. 1
Synthesis, Characterization, and Catalytic Applications of the Ti-SBA-16 Porous Material in the Selective and Green Isomerizations of Limonene and S-Carvone (2020)

This work presents studies on the activity of the Ti-SBA-16 (SBA—Santa Barbara Amorphous) catalyst in the isomerization of limonene and S-carvone. The Ti-SBA-16 catalyst was synthesized by a two-step method: first, the SBA-16 material was produced, and then it was impregnated with the titanium source. The Ti-SBA-16 catalyst was subjected to detailed characterizations by means of instrumental methods: XRD (X-ray Diffraction), UV-Vis (Ultraviolet–Visible) spectroscopy, FTIR (Fourier-Transform Infrared) spectroscopy, SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) with EDX (Energy Dispersive X-ray) spectroscopy, and EDXRF (Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence). Both limonene and S-carvone underwent isomerization over the Ti-SBA-16 catalyst. In the isomerization of limonene, the main product was terpinolene, and its highest yield amounted to 39 mol% after 300 min at 170 °C with a catalyst content of 15 wt%. Under these conditions, the conversion of limonene reached 78 mol%. In contrast, the highest yield of carvacrol (65 mol%) was obtained with the catalyst content of 15 wt%, at 200 °C, and with the conversion of S-carvone reaching 79 mol%.
pH homeostasis and bioenergetic work in alkalophiles (1990)

A Na+/H+ antiporter catalyses coupled Na+ extrusion and H+ uptake across the membranes of extremely alkalophilic bacilli. This exchange is electrogenic, with H+ translocated inward greater than Na+ extruded. It is energized by the delta chi 2 component of the delta mu H+ that is established during primary proton pumping by the alkalophile respiratory chain complexes. These complexes abound in the membranes of extreme alkalophiles. Combined activity of the respiratory chain, the antiporter, and solute transport systems that are coupled to Na+ re-entry, allow the alkalophiles to maintain a cytoplasmic pH that is several pH units more acidic than optimal external pH values for growth. There is no compelling evidence for a specific and necessary role for any ion other than sodium in pH homeostasis, and although there is very high cytoplasmic buffering capacity in the alkaline range, active mechanisms for pH homeostasis are crucial. Energization of the antiporter as well as the proton translocating F1F0-ATPase that catalyses ATP synthesis in the extreme alkalophiles must accommodate the problem of the low net delta mu H+ and the very low concentrations of protons, per se, in the external medium. This problem is by-passed by other bioenergetic work functions, such as solute uptake or motility, that utilize sodium ions for energy-coupling in the place of protons.
Lactobacillus intestinalis (ex Hemme 1974) sp. nov., nom. rev., Isolated from the Intestines of Mice and Rats (1990)

The genetic and phenotypic properties of 10 strains identified as Lactobacillus intestinalis sp. nov. were examined. These strains constitute a distinct species which can be differentiated from all of the previously described homofermentative species in the genus Lactobacillus by their carbohydrate fermentation pattern. The guanine-plus-cytosine contents of their DNAs are 33 to 35 mol%. DNAs from 10 other Lactobacillus species did not exhibit significant levels of relatedness to representative strains of the new species. The name Lactobacillus intestinalis (ex Hemme) sp. nov., nom. rev. is proposed for these isolates, and strain Th4 (= ATCC 49335 = JCM 7548) is the type strain.
Isolation and characterization of putative Pseudobutyrivibrio ruminis promoters (2007)

Novel plasmids were constructed for the analysis of DNA fragments from the rumen bacterium Pseudobutyrivibrio ruminis. Five previously unidentified promoters were characterized using a novel primer extension method to identify transcription start sites. The genes downstream of these promoters were not identified, and their activity in expression of genomic traits in wild-type P. ruminis remains putative. Comparison with promoters from this and closely related species revealed a consensus sequence resembling the binding motif for the RNA polymerase sigma(70)-like factor complex. Consensus -35 and -10 sequences within these elements were TTGACA and ATAATATA respectively, interspaced by 15-16 bp. The consensus for the -10 element was extended by one nucleotide upstream and downstream of the standard hexamer (indicated in bold). Promoter strengths were measured by reverse transcription quantitative PCR and beta-glucuronidase assays. No correlation was found between the composition and context of elements within P. ruminis promoters, and promoter strength. However, a mutation within the -35 element of one promoter revealed that transcriptional strength and choice of transcription start site were sensitive to this single nucleotide change.
Root Exudation of Phytochemicals in Arabidopsis Follows Specific Patterns That Are Developmentally Programmed and Correlate with Soil Microbial Functions (2013)

Plant roots constantly secrete compounds into the soil to interact with neighboring organisms presumably to gain certain functional advantages at different stages of development. Accordingly, it has been hypothesized that the phytochemical composition present in the root exudates changes over the course of the lifespan of a plant. Here, root exudates of in vitro grown Arabidopsis plants were collected at different developmental stages and analyzed using GC-MS. Principle component analysis revealed that the composition of root exudates varied at each developmental stage. Cumulative secretion levels of sugars and sugar alcohols were higher in early time points and decreased through development. In contrast, the cumulative secretion levels of amino acids and phenolics increased over time. The expression in roots of genes involved in biosynthesis and transportation of compounds represented in the root exudates were consistent with patterns of root exudation. Correlation analyses were performed of the in vitro root exudation patterns with the functional capacity of the rhizosphere microbiome to metabolize these compounds at different developmental stages of Arabidopsis grown in natural soils. Pyrosequencing of rhizosphere mRNA revealed strong correlations (p<0.05) between microbial functional genes involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids and secondary metabolites with the corresponding compounds released by the roots at particular stages of plant development. In summary, our results suggest that the root exudation process of phytochemicals follows a developmental pattern that is genetically programmed.
Pachymetric measurements with a new Scheimpflug photography–based system (2011)

Scheimpflug photography-based technology provided repeatable pachymetric measurements that were not equivalent to those obtained with OCT.
High Secured Low Power Multiplexer-LUT Based AES S-Box Implementation (2016)

We propose a Multiplexer Look-Up-Table (MLUT) based Substitution-Box (S-Box) implementation for the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm. There are two key features in the proposed MLUT based S-Box. First, it is implemented based on 256-byte to 1-byte multiplexer with a 256-byte memory instead of the conventional implementation of employing multiplication inversion in GF(28) and affine transformation. Thus, our proposed S-Box is simpler in circuit implementation and lower in power dissipation. Second, our S-Box is 30× more secured against the Side Channel Attack (SCA) based on Correlation Power Analysis (CPA), as our proposed S-Box exhibits smaller variance in its power dissipation profile for different processed data. Based on the measurement results of AES-128 implemented on the Sakura-X FPGA board, our proposed S-Box dissipates only 1.9mW and features 5.5× lower power than the conventional S-Box implementation. Our proposed MLUT S-Box design is also highly secured as the CPA attack on the AES with our proposed S-Box implementation requires 13540 power traces. This is significantly higher than the conventional S-Box which requires only 445 power traces to uncover the same secrete key.
Data from Risk of Sex-Specific Cancers in Opposite-Sex and Same-Sex Twins in Denmark and Sweden (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Background:&lt;/b&gt; Increasing evidence shows that some cancers originate &lt;i&gt;in utero&lt;/i&gt;. It is hypothesized that elevated exposure to some steroid hormones might increase cancer risk and that hormone transfer between twin fetuses could result in different prenatal exposure to testosterone.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Methods:&lt;/b&gt; This large-scale prospective twin study compared opposite-sex (OS) and same-sex (SS) twins to test the impact of intrauterine exposures on cancer risk. On the basis of the Danish and Swedish twin and cancer registries, we calculated incidence rate ratios for OS and SS twins, whereas standardized incidence ratios (SIR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for OS/SS twins compared with the general population.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; A total of 18,001 cancers were identified during 1943–2009. No significant differences were observed between OS and SS twins, neither for the sex-specific cancers nor for cancer at all sites. All-cause cancer was slightly reduced for OS and SS twins compared with the general population, significant for OS males (SIR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.92–0.98) and for SS males and females (SIR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.94–0.99).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Our data suggest that having a male co-twin—which may entail higher exposure to prenatal testosterone—does not increase the risk of sex-specific cancers in OS females. Furthermore, the study supports that twinning &lt;i&gt;per se&lt;/i&gt; is not a risk factor of cancer.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Impact:&lt;/b&gt; Findings are reassuring, as they fail to provide evidence for the hypothesis that endocrine or other difference in the &lt;i&gt;in utero&lt;/i&gt; milieu affects the risk of sex-specific cancers. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(10); 1622–8. ©2015 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Studies on the Compounds Related to Neocarzinostatin Chromophore. Part 1. Synthesis of the Acyclic (E)‐ and (Z)‐Dienediyne Systems. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A translated volume and its many covers – a multimodal analysis of the influence of ideology (2018)

The front cover is often indicative of the overall theme. This sets up an interesting problem about the ideological investment in the cover of controversial books. Ideology is context-specific, and translation studies may offer a unique perspective in viewing how different cover designs may reflect ideologies. So far, a gap remains between multimodality and translation studies, especially from a social-semiotic approach. This paper therefore bridges this gap by applying Kress and van Leeuwen's visual grammar to an English cover of Jung Chang's Wild Swans and the Chinese and French translations. Wild Swans is a politically controversial family chronicle by a Chinese female writer in the UK, and has been critically acclaimed in the West but banned in Mainland China. This study has found how visual and linguistic patterns suggesting the Orientalist ideology have motivated the design of selected Western covers to increase the likeability and to “back-stage” the anti-Mao motif in the book.
Type 2 diabetes managed by diet and lifestyle: HbA1c can identify significant post‐prandial hyperglycaemia (2012)

Abstract Post‐prandial hyperglycaemia is predictive of cardiovascular disease risk. Therefore, the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) recommends that 2‐hour post‐meal glucose should not exceed 7.8mmol/L. There are limited data regarding the extent of post‐prandial hyperglycaemia in those with well‐controlled type 2 diabetes and how this relates to HbA 1c values. Twenty‐nine volunteers with diet‐controlled type 2 diabetes were recruited (mean HbA 1c 50mmol/mol [6.7%], SD 6.5 [0.6]); mean age 62 years [SD 5.8]; mean BMI 31.9kg/m 2 [SD 5.3]), and underwent a three‐day period of continuous glucose monitoring (CGMS) at home. Compared with volunteers with an HbA 1c &gt;48mmol/mol (6.5%), those with an HbA 1c ≤48mmol/mol (6.5%) – mean HbA 1c 54 (7.1%) vs 44.9mmol/mol (6.3%), p&lt;0.0001 – had lower mean 24‐hour glucose levels (8.4 vs 7.2mmol/L, p=0.02), reduced fasting glucose concentrations (8.0 vs 6.6mmol/L, p=0.01), and spent less time with glucose concentrations &gt;8mmol/L (703.1 vs 338.5 min, p=0.01). HbA 1c showed reasonable correlation with time spent with glucose &gt;8mmol/L (r 2 =0.48, p&lt;0.0001). Even volunteers with reasonably well‐controlled, diet‐managed type 2 diabetes spent a large proportion (9/24 hours) of the day with glucose concentrations in excess of 8mmol/L, suggesting that implementation of the IDF guidelines presents a challenge in normal clinical practice. HbA 1c was a good indicator of post‐prandial hyperglycaemia. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley &amp; Sons.
Microrheology with optical tweezers: data analysis (2012)

We present a data analysis procedure that provides the solution to a long-standing issue in microrheology studies, i.e. the evaluation of the fluids' linear viscoelastic properties from the analysis of a finite set of experimental data, describing (for instance) the time-dependent mean-square displacement of suspended probe particles experiencing Brownian fluctuations. We report, for the first time in the literature, the linear viscoelastic response of an optically trapped bead suspended in a Newtonian fluid, over the entire range of experimentally accessible frequencies. The general validity of the proposed method makes it transferable to the majority of microrheology and rheology techniques.
The Minor Recombinant Laccase Isozymes of Trametes hirsuta 072: Preparation and Properties (2019)

Laccases (EC 1.10.3.2) are multicopper polyphenol oxidases found in various organisms, in particular, in fungi. Fungal laccases are encoded by multigene families, which can contain up to 17 genes. However, not all isozymes can be obtained from native producers. Previous studies have shown that the filamentous fungus Penicillium canescens is a promising object for the heterologous expression of various laccase isozymes of Trametes hirsuta 072. In this work, the cultivation conditions of P. canescens strains, recombinant producers of T. hirsuta heterologous minor laccase, are optimized. The optimization of the rLacD and rLacF purification method increased their yield and specific activity of rLacD. In addition, the melting points of minor laccase isoenzymes are measured and the glycosylation of isoenzymes is studied.
Evaluation of the microenzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with Treponema pallidum antigen (1982)

Whole-cell sonicates of Treponema pallidum, Nichols strain, were evaluated in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Elisa) for syphilis, and results were read in a Dynatek Microelisa Reader. The antigen was evaluated with sera from patients with syphilis, persons presumed normal, and biological false-positives. Two hundred and ninety-seven sera were tested by the ELISA with T. pallidum antigens, the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) slide test, the fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA-Abs) test, and the microhemagglutination assay for T. pallidum antibodies (MHA-TP). The results of all of the tests were compared. The ELISA, with 89.3% sensitivity, was less sensitive than the VDRL (93.3%) and FTA-Abs (100.0%) tests but more sensitive than the MHA-TP (76.0%). THe ELISA was considerably more sensitive in primary syphilis than the MHA-TP. Specificity was as follows: ELISA, 98.5%; FTA-Abs test, 97.8%; MHA-TP, 98.2%; and VDRL test, 92.7%. The ELISA has good potential as a confirmatory test in the serodiagnosis of syphilis.