gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Deformable Capsules for Object Detection (2024)

Capsule networks promise significant benefits over convolutional networks by storing stronger internal representations, and routing information based on the agreement between intermediate representations' projections. Despite this, their success has been limited to small-scale classification datasets due to their computationally expensive nature. Though memory efficient, convolutional capsules impose geometric constraints that fundamentally limit the ability of capsules to model the pose/deformation of objects. Further, they do not address the bigger memory concern of class-capsules scaling up to bigger tasks such as detection or large-scale classification. In this study, we introduce a new family of capsule networks, deformable capsules (<i>DeformCaps</i>), to address a very important problem in computer vision: object detection. We propose two new algorithms associated with our <i>DeformCaps</i>: a novel capsule structure (<i>SplitCaps</i>), and a novel dynamic routing algorithm (<i>SE-Routing</i>), which balance computational efficiency with the need for modeling a large number of objects and classes, which have never been achieved with capsule networks before. We demonstrate that the proposed methods efficiently scale up to create the first-ever capsule network for object detection in the literature. Our proposed architecture is a one-stage detection framework and it obtains results on MS COCO which are on par with state-of-the-art one-stage CNN-based methods, while producing fewer false positive detection, generalizing to unusual poses/viewpoints of objects.
Urinary Elimination of Nitrazepam and its Main Metabolites (1979)

Nitrazepam and its main metabolites, 7-aminonitrazepam and 7-acetamidonitrazepam, free and conjugated, were determined in the human urine after a single oral dose of 5 mg. The determinations were performed by GLC method using 63Ni-EC-detector for unchanged nitrazepam and nitrogen selective detector for the metabolites. Unchanged nitrazepam was poorly eliminated through the kidneys (about 1% of the dose). The interindividual variation of total excreted urinary metabolites was large ranging between 848-4933 microgram (17-99% of the dose during 7 days). Of this amount conjugated metabolites made up 57%. The urinary half-lives of free and conjugated-7-aminonitrazepam were (mean and ranges) 44 (23-65) and 46 (25-69) hrs, and of 7-acetamidonitrazepam 12 (5-31) and 18 (5-46) hrs, respectively. The half-lives of the excreted amounts of the metabolites did not correlate with any pharmacokinetic parameter of unchanged nitrazepam in serum.
Echoes of history: COVID-19 pandemic stirs memories, tests our mettle (2020)

A loyal Ophthalmology Times® reader shared with me a recent illuminating editorial on the history of physicians’ responses to plagues and the duties of us doctors in the current coronavirus epidemic.
Ultimate Strength of the Adventitia and Media of Human Atherosclerotic Carotid Arteries in the Axial and Circumferential Directions (2009)

The abrupt closure of an artery by an occlusive thrombus is the main cause of myocardial infarcts and other thrombotic sequelae of atherosclerosis. This thrombosis is often associated with rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque [1,2]. Histology has shown that most rupture sites are also sites of increased mechanical stress [2]. It has been widely accepted that atherosclerosis leads to locally increased stresses in the region of lesions. However, validation of this hypothesis has been impeded by a lack of experimental data on the material strength of atherosclerotic tissues. Knowledge of mechanical properties of human atherosclerotic tissues is essential for understanding the rupture mechanism and also for creating more accurate computational models for predicting fatal cardiovascular events [3]. Moreover, an increased understanding of the mechanical properties of atherosclerotic tissue is important for developing greater insight into the pathophysiology of the cardiovascular system and as well as for predicting the outcome of interventional treatments such as balloon angioplasty.
(Invited) Comparison of High Voltage, Vertical Geometry Ga2O3 Rectifiers with GaN and SiC (2019)

Ga2O3 is a candidate for power electronics due to its large bandgap, controllable doping and availability of large inexpensive substrates. These include power conditioning systems, pulsed power for avionics and electric ships, solid-state drivers for heavy electric motors and advanced power management and control electronics. There are already cases where the performance exceeds the theoretical values for SiC. Existing Si, SiC (vertical devices), and GaN (lateral devices) enjoy advantages in terms of process maturity, especially for Si, where devices such as super-junctions surpass the unipolar "limit". Continued development of low defect substrates, optimized epi growth and improved device design and processing methods for Ga2O3 are required to push the experimental results closer to their theoretical values. The actual experimental value of VB is well below the theoretical predictions. Thermal management is a key issue in Ga2O3 power devices and initial studies have appeared on both the experimental and theoretical fronts.
Why does the Secchi disk disappear? An imaging perspective (2007)

The widely-used Secchi disk method is re-examined from the modulation transfer aspect. Namely, by assuming a volume scattering function and applying small angle scattering approximation, we show that the Secchi depth and horizontal visibility can be determined using the water modulation transfer function and the corresponding spatial frequencies associated with the disk. A basic equation of Secchi disk is reached that is comparable to the radiative transfer approach, in that the Secchi depth is inversely proportional to the attenuation coefficient (c). With typical values for parameters applied, we demonstrate that the modulation transfer technique produces a horizontal visibility range of about 4.8/c, which is inline with previous studies. The improvement lies in the fact that the current approach correctly addresses the response of all spatial frequencies according to the modeled optical transfer function of the water. In terms of Secchi disk theory, the current approach helps to understand the effect of disk size as well as the role of scattering on the Secchi disk depth. The approach presented provides an understanding of Secchi disk disappearance by showing that as the disk is moved away from the observer, the spatial frequencies corresponding to the disk size increase, while the modulation transfer dampens contrast at an increased rate.
Safety of Paliperidone Extended-Release in Patients with Schizophrenia or Schizoaffective Disorder and Hepatic Disease (2013)

This study suggests that paliperidone ER is well tolerated in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and hepatic disease. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest prospective study to date in this population.
Analysis of DNA Repair Using Transfection-Based Host Cell Reactivation (2004)

Host cell reactivation (HCR) is a transfection-based assay in which intact cells repair damage localized to exogenous DNA. This chapter provides instructions for the application of this technique using UV irradiation as a source of damage to a luciferase reporter plasmid. Through measurement of the activity of a reporter enzyme, the amount of damaged plasmid that a cell can "reactivate" or repair and express can be quantitated. Different DNA repair pathways can be analyzed by this technique by damaging the reporter plasmid in different ways. Because it involves repair of a transcriptionally active gene, when applied to UV damage the HCR assay measures the capacity of the host cells to perform transcription-coupled repair (TCR), a subset of the overall nucleotide excision repair pathway that specifically targets transcribed gene sequences.
Long-Term Follow up of the Effects of Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy (ESWT) on Microcirculation in a Denervated Muscle Flap (2011)

ESWT therapy after 3, 7 and 21 days decreases inflammatory process in the muscle, the other of its effect is weakened. This confirms that the treatment had a positive effect if ESWT is applied repeatedly, because only in this case a wave maintains its beneficial effects.
Real time frequency domain fiberoptic temperature sensor (1995)

The excited state phosphorescence lifetime of alexandrite crystals is used to monitor temperature in the physiological range from 15-45/spl deg/C with precision and accuracy of 0.2/spl deg/C. A 500-/spl mu/m cubic alexandrite crystal bounded to the distal end of an optical fiber of similar core dimensions is excited with pulsed Ne-He laser light. This apparatus uses a sampler for data acquisition and frequency domain methods for data fitting. The instrument amplifies the AC components of the detector output and band limits the signal to 12.5 kHz. The fundamental frequency of the excitation is set to 195.13 Hz to obtain 64 harmonics. This band limited signal is sampled and averaged over few hundred cycles in the time domain. The frequency domain representation of the data is obtained by employing fast Fourier transform algorithms. The phase delay and the modulation ratio of each sampled harmonic are then computed. Five to 50 values of the phase and modulations are averaged before computing the sensor lifetime. The instrument is capable of measuring precise and accurate excited state lifetimes from subpicowatt luminescent signals in plastic optical fibers. A least squares fit yields the lifetimes of single exponentials. A component of zero lifetime is introduced to account for the backscatter excitation seen by the photodetector leaking through optical interference filters. The phosphorescence lifetimes measured reproducibly to about three parts in a thousand are used to monitor physiological temperature. Temperatures are computed employing empirical polynomials. The system drift is negligible over 15 h of continuous operation. The instrumentation and methods allow 1.3-s update times and 30-s full response times.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Regio‐ and Stereoselective Dirhodium(II)‐Catalyzed Intramolecular C—H Insertion Reactions of α‐Diazo‐α‐(dialkoxyphosphoryl)acetamides and ‐acetates. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Procedure for Alcian Blue Staining of Mucins on Polyvinylidene Difluoride Membranes (2012)

The isolation and characterization of mucins are critically important for obtaining insight into the molecular pathology of various diseases, including cancers and cystic fibrosis. Recently, we developed a novel membrane electrophoretic method, supported molecular matrix electrophoresis (SMME), which separates mucins on a polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membrane impregnated with a hydrophilic polymer. Alcian blue staining is widely used to visualize mucopolysaccharides and acidic mucins on both blotted membranes and SMME membranes; however, this method cannot be used to stain mucins with a low acidic glycan content. Meanwhile, periodic acid-Schiff staining can selectively visualize glycoproteins, including mucins, but is incompatible with glycan analysis, which is indispensable for mucin characterizations. Here we describe a novel staining method, designated succinylation-Alcian blue staining, for visualizing mucins on a PVDF membrane. This method can visualize mucins regardless of the acidic residue content and shows a sensitivity 2-fold higher than that of Pro-Q Emerald 488, a fluorescent periodate Schiff-base stain. Furthermore, we demonstrate the compatibility of this novel staining procedure with glycan analysis using porcine gastric mucin as a model mucin.
A system level product configurator for engineer-to-order supply chains (2015)

Supply chains in construction, infrastructure building, ship building, factory design and conveyor systems are operating in an engineer-to-order type of environment. Companies in these project-based businesses have special requirements for product configuration. Products have configuration dependencies with each other and there are system level configuration dependencies between several products. Incomplete product configuration items that are subject to change or require engineering work prior to production can occur. This paper introduces the requirements for system level configuration and proposes a prototype solution for ship projects and engine-room related supply chains.
Systemic and local anti-C5 therapy reduces the disease severity in experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (2009)

Activation of complement occurs during autoimmune retinal and intraocular inflammatory disease as well as neuroretinal degenerative disorders. The cleavage of C5 into fragments C5a and C5b is a critical event during the complement cascade. C5a is a potent proinflammatory anaphylatoxin capable of inducing cell migration, adhesion and cytokine release, while membrane attack complex C5b-9 causes cell lysis. Therapeutic approaches to prevent complement-induced inflammation include the use of blocking monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to prevent C5 cleavage. In these current experiments, the rat anti-mouse C5 mAb (BB5.1) was utilized to investigate the effects of inhibition of C5 cleavage on disease progression and severity in experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU), a model of organ-specific autoimmunity in the eye characterized by structural retinal damage mediated by infiltrating macrophages. Systemic treatment with BB5.1 results in significantly reduced disease scores compared with control groups, while local administration results in an earlier resolution of disease. In vitro, contemporaneous C5a and interferon-gamma signalling enhanced nitric oxide production, accompanied by down-regulation of the inhibitory myeloid CD200 receptor, contributing to cell activation. These experiments demonstrate that C5 cleavage contributes to the full expression of EAU, and that selective C5 blockade via systemic and local routes of administration can suppress disease. This presents great therapeutic potential to protect against tissue damage during autoimmune responses in the retina or inflammation-induced degenerative disease.
In Vitro Assessment of Electric Currents Increasing the Effectiveness of Vancomycin Against Staphylococcus epidermidis Biofilms (2015)

Biofilms are communities of bacteria that can cause infections which are resistant to the immune system and antimicrobial treatments, posing a significant threat for patients with implantable and indwelling medical devices. The purpose of our research was to determine if utilizing specific parameters for electric currents in conjunction with antibiotics could effectively treat a highly resistant biofilm. Our study evaluated the impact of 16 μg/mL of vancomycin with or without 22 or 333 μA of direct electric current (DC) generated by stainless steel electrodes against 24-, 48-, and 72-h-old Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms formed on titanium coupons. An increase in effectiveness of vancomycin was observed with the combination of 333 μA of electric current against 48-h-old biofilms (P value = 0.01) as well as in combination with 22 μA of electric current against 72-h-old biofilms (P value = 0.04); 333 μA of electric current showed the most significant impact on the effectiveness of vancomycin against S. epidermidis biofilms demonstrating a bioelectric effect previously not observed against this strain of bacteria.
Path Shaping: Shaping 3D Path of Electromagnetic Waves Using Gradient‐Refractive‐Index Metamaterials (Adv. Sci. 8/2016) (2016)

Cheng-Wei Qiu, Tie Jun Cui, and co-workers present an all-dielectric semispherical lens with functions in shaping 3D wave-propagation paths in article 1600022. The cover image shows principle of the 3D super-resolution imaging system, which includes a semispherical magnifying meta-lens and a planar focusing lens. The semispherical lens magnifies signals of the objects located at the core of lens and the focusing lens gathers the magnified signals and focuses them to generate the image of the objects.
Neutron Scattering of Residual Hydrogen in 1,4-Dioxane-d8 Liquid: Understanding Measurements with Molecular Dynamics Simulations (2016)

That incoherent scattering from protiated molecular liquids adds a constant background to the measured scattering intensity is well-known, but less appreciated is the fact that coherent scattering is also induced by the presence of hydrogen in a deuterated liquid. In fact, the scattering intensity can be very sensitive, in the small-q region, with respect to the amounts and distribution of residual H in the system. We used 1,4-dioxane liquid to demonstrate that the partial structure factors of the HD and DD atom pairs contribute significantly to intermolecular scattering and that uncertainty in the extent of deuteration account for discrepancies between simulations and measurements. Both contributions to uncertainty have similar magnitudes: scattering interference of the hydrogen-deuterium pair, and complementary interference from the deuterium-deuterium pair by virtue of chemical inhomogeneity. This situation arises in practice since deuteration of liquids is often 99% or less. A combined experimental and extensive computational study of static thermal neutron scattering of 1,4-dioxane demonstrates the foregoing. We show, through simulations, that the reason for the differences is the content of protiated dioxane (vendors quote 1%). We estimate that up to 5% (at 298 K and at 343 K) protiated molar fraction may be involved in generating the scattering differences. Finally, we find that the particular distribution of hydrogen in the protiated molecules affects the results significantly; here, we considered molecules to be either fully protiated or fully deuterated. This scenario best reconciles the computational and experimental results, and leads us to speculate that the deuteration synthesis process tends to leave a molecule either fully deuterated or fully protiated. Although we have used 1,4-dioxane as a model liquid, the effects described in this study extend to similar liquids, and similar systematic experimental/computational studies can be performed to either understand measurements or calibrate/validate molecular dynamics models.
Development of a zinc-cerium redox flow battery (2011)

Redox flow batteries (RFBs) can be used to store energy on the large and medium scale&#13;\n(kW – MW), particularly in applications such as load levelling of electrical power&#13;\nsupplies, power quality control application and facilitating renewable energy deployment.&#13;\nIn this thesis, the development of a divided and undivided zinc-cerium redox flow battery&#13;\nfrom its fundamental chemistry in aqueous methanesulfonic acid has been described. This&#13;\ncomprehensive investigation has focused on the selection of electrode materials,&#13;\nevaluation of zinc corrosion of the negative electrode, characterization of the redox flow&#13;\nbattery and the cycling performance. Voltammetric studies of both the zinc and the cerium&#13;\nhalf-cell reactions have been carried out under various operating conditions and for&#13;\nelectrolyte compositions. These studies suggested that the positive electrode reaction&#13;\ncould limit the use of higher current densities. After testing a range of two- and&#13;\nthree-dimensional positive electrode materials, only three-dimensional platinised titanium&#13;\nmesh and carbon felts were capable of discharge at 50 mA cm-2 with high charge ( &gt; 70 %)and voltage ( &gt; 60 %) efficiencies in an divided system based on the optimum electrolyte&#13;\ncompositions obtained in the half-cell studies. In order to avoid the diffusion of protons&#13;\nacross the membrane and to simplify the construction, an undivided, membraneless&#13;\nsystem was proposed. With specific design arrangement and carbon felt positive electrode,&#13;\nthis system can operate at room temperature with a high energy efficiency (~ 75 %)&#13;\ninstead of 60 oC as reported in the patented system in the literature. In order to facilitate&#13;\nzinc electrodeposition and prevent zinc corrosion, several electrolytic additives and&#13;\ncorrosion inhibitors have been suggested. Further challenges and research directions are&#13;\nalso discussed.
Preparation of Novel Fluoro Derivatives of Amine Cyanoboranes and Amine Carboxyborane Esters (2005)

Sonication of the amine mono- and dibromocarboxyborane esters or the amine mono- and dibromocyanoboranes with excess AgF results in rapid incorporation of fluorine by bromine/fluorine exchange to provide the difluoro derivatives of amine cyanoboranes and amine carboxyborane esters, 1−10, in yields of 59−70%. Bromination of the amine monofluorocyanoboranes and amine monofluorocarboxyborane ester derivatives successfully afforded the expected amine bromofluoro derivatives, 11 and 12, in yields of 57−62%. This was confirmed by NMR shifts for all compounds. The pKa value for the fluorinated amine carboxyborane 13 was determined and found to be 5.15 compared to 8.38 for Me3N:BH2COOH, in line with expectations. The molecular structure for compound 1 was determined by X-ray crystallography.
Proximity effect correction optimizing image quality and writing time for an electron multi-beam mask writer (2012)

Electron multi-beam mask writers address the challenge of long mask write times for increasingly complex masks. The writing speed of the IMS multi-beam mask writer under consideration here depends on the data path and blanking device speed provided for exposing the patterns. It was initially believed that the maximum dose required for exposing the patterns could also be a limiting factor. We present a proximity effect correction scheme that improves image quality (compared to a dose-only correction) and allows for a maximum dose limit. We test this scheme with and without maximum dose limit, and compare the achieved image quality against that for a dose-only correction. The results of this simulation study are verified by comparing top down SEM images of resist structures from exposures using the different corrections.
De la scientificité des théories issues de la recherche en comptabilité financière (2001)

Pour juger de leur scientificité, les auteurs appliquent la grille d'analyse de l'épistémologue Gilles-Gaston Granger à trois textes considérés comme représentatifs de chacun des trois grands courants théoriques (descriptif, normatif et explicatif) de la recherche comptable : le chapitre 11 intitulé "Inductive derived principles" de l'ouvrage "Structure of Accounting Theory" de A. C. Littleton (1953), l'article "Blueprint for a Theory of Accounting" de R.J. Chambers (1955), l'article "Towards a Positive Accounting Theory of the Determination of Accounting Standards" de R.L. Watts et J.L. Zimmerman (1978.