gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sewage Sludge Electro-Dewatering Treatment—A Review (2012)

Abstract Purification of municipal wastewater generates huge amounts of sewage sludge, which contains large quantities of water, biomass, and extracellular polymeric substances. It is widely known that sewage sludge usually has a poor dewaterability. A large amount of water in sludge directly translates into high transport and handling costs; therefore, sludge treatment and disposal usually requires over 50% of the operation budget for wastewater treatment plants. The application of a low electric field through the sludge segment, called electro-dewatering, is considered to improve the liquid–solid separation, resulting in low water content in the sludge cake. However, prediction of dewatering enhancement for sewage sludge, in particular, offers a challenge due to variations in sludge pretreatment practices and the lack of harmonized testing methodologies. In this review article, the aspects that have an effect on sewage sludge electro-dewatering and its feasibility are discussed in the light of recent technological developments. It was found that electro-dewatering has several potential benefits, such as removal of pathogens, reduction in energy and transportation costs, and prevention of filter fouling. Keywords: BiosolidsElectro-dewateringElectro-osmosisSludge dewatering
A Method for Examining Vector Quantizer Structures (2005)

This paper presents how to study the geometry of Voronoi regions in an arbitrary vector quantizer, Methods to find the location, the extent, and the neighbors of any region are summarized. Application to fast encoding is emphasized.
State of Order of the Crosslinker in Main‐Chain Liquid Crystalline Elastomers (2010)

Abstract Rigid anisotropic crosslinkers have been shown to decrease the nematic order and the transition temperatures of main‐chain liquid crystalline elastomers (MCLCEs). In order to look into this phenomenon, the state of order of an anisotropic crosslinker in an MCLCE was investigated separately from that of the matrix. For this purpose, multifunctional perylene derivatives were synthesized and used as a crosslinker and as a reference mesogen probe. Their states of order were measured by their dichroism, and were compared to that of the MCLCE matrix. A systematically lower degree of order was observed for the crosslinker in comparison to the matrix, both when attached to and dissolved in the network. magnified image
Comparing depositional environments and porous zones in the 400 million-year-old sabkhas of subsurface Alberta (2017)

Using subsurface core and well logs, a comparison of sedimentary deposits in evaporite-containing formations of the Devonian hypersaline seas of Alberta was done. Thin sections from the Nisku Formation were examined using a petrographic microscope to determine how and when brine and hydrocarbons moved through two porous zones, identified by well logs from the same area. These two zones within core and thin sections were compared with other zones from which only well logs were available. Through measurements of the porosity, permeability, and timing of diagenesis from petrography, it is determined that areas of high neutron and density log responses correlate with cemented zones within the core. This research has a direct impact on the understanding of how evaporitic facies can cause different responses within well logs. Our understanding of how well logs, accompanied by core and thin section analysis, can give insight into the movement of fluids and gases in subsurface Alberta is also aided.
* Indicates faculty mentor.
Visible Wavelength PICs for Fluorescent Microscopy and Flow Cytometry (2023)

We present two multi-color laser engines for fluorescent confocal microscopy and polychromatic flow cytometry implemented in silicon nitride PICs. Besides miniaturization, PICs facilitate structured illumination, used here to distinguish fluorescent signals by excitation wavelength.
Triggering with Subpicosecond Jitter Using Resonant Tunneling Diodes (1991)

Resonant tunneling diodes (RTD's) with their superior high frequency characteristics, are attractive for high speed applications. As RTD's have terminal characteristics very similar to the Esaki Tunnel Diode, all current high speed applications of Esaki Tunnel Diode are good candidates for the use of new tunneling device. One such application is in high frequency trigger circuits.
Multi-encapsulation interconnection for Overlay Virtual Network (2018)

For an virtualized overlay network, there are many encapsulations that
may be used. Different customer have their own preference. So if some
of these different encapsulation can be interconnected together, the
virtualized overlay network would be more compatible and have loose
strict on access. This document is going to provide an architecture of
different overlay encapsulation interconnection and an tranformer
gateway for these end station connected to the virtual network.
A simple method for background and matrix correction of spectral peaks in trace element determination by X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry (1976)

Abstract Between adjacent major element absorption edges, background intensities at differing wavelength positions were found to be related linearly. Also, background intensity at any position is linearly related to the reciprocal of the mass absorption coefficient for any wavelength between the absorption edges. The method presented here allows for the determination of background, as well as mass absorption coefficient, by a single measurement at an interference‐free background position (which can be the Compton scatter ‘peak’). If the mass absorption coefficient is already known, backgrounds may be calculated directly. Tests on geological materials show that, while not as accurate as conventional methods of background determination, relative accuracies of two to five percent are obtainable with a very considerable saving in time, since intensity at only one background position need be measured. Use of low dispersion high reflectivity analysing crystals, e.g. LiF(200), is possible because it is no longer necessary to attain interference‐free background positions between peaks. Furthermore, the method is ideally suited to the determination of background intensities in energy dispersive systems where spectral resolution is a problem and in multi‐channel units where only one channel need be used for the determination of both mass absorption coefficient and backgrounds for a group of trace elements. The method has been used in the low cost determination of trace elements in large numbers of geochemical prospecting samples.
Hypoxia following interscalene block☆ (2002)

This case report suggests that manipulations and vasodilation related to an interscalene block may have facilitated the dislodgement of a pre-existing upper extremity thrombus.
Supplementary Figure 2 from SPOP-Mutated/CHD1-Deleted Lethal Prostate Cancer and Abiraterone Sensitivity (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Additional Information on molecular analyses determining CHD1 and SPOP status&lt;/p&gt;
Behavior of14C-Haloxyfop-Methyl in Intact Plants and Cell Cultures (1985)

Behavior of 14 C-haloxyfop-methyl {methyl 2-[4-[(3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl] oxy] phenoxy] propanoate} was examined in intact plants of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Mead’], shattercane [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. ♯ SORVU], and yellow foxtail [ Setaria glauca (L.) Beauv. ♯ SETLU] and in cell cultures of soybean and yellow foxtail. Foliar absorption of 14 C-haloxyfo-methyl by intact plants was almost complete within 48 h. Significant translocation occurred within 48 h of treatment, with soybean and shattercane plants translocating more 14 C than yellow foxtail. Metabolism of 14 C-haloxyfop-methyl in intact plants was similar among species. Haloxyfop-methyl was rapidly hydrolyzed to haloxyfop in treated leaves and then translocated to metabolically active areas within the plants. Significant quantities of polar products were also isolated. Soybean cells in suspension culture contained higher levels of 14 C than did yellow foxtail cells. Most of the 14 C in soybean cells was haloxyfop-methyl, while yellow foxtail contained mostly haloxyfop.
Contemporary diagnosis and management of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the penis (2011)

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? Penile cancer is a rare malignancy with limited evidence to support most treatment recommendations. No randomised controlled trials have been published and few recommendations are available for guiding management. However, evidence‐based guidelines are currently available through the European Association of Urology. This review provides the reader with the most up‐to‐date information on diagnosis and management of all stages of squamous cell carcinoma of the penis. It provides a rapid review and study guide for this rare disease. To review the current literature available on squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the penis and provide a contemporary management algorithm for treatment based on the best evidence available. A complete review of the current English language literature was performed via PubMed and all available guidelines were reviewed. Large randomised controlled trials are lacking in penile SCC due to the fortunately rare occurrence of the disease. Treatment recommendations for the primary lesion, lymph nodes, and follow‐up in this review are based on the best current available literature. Early diagnosis and aggressive organ‐sparing treatment remains the mainstay of therapy for penile SCC. Variable institutional expertise currently makes treatment decisions difficult and unstandardised. A multidisciplinary approach should be used in attempt to improve outcomes in this mutilating disease.
Danger-associated peptide signaling in Arabidopsis requires clathrin (2016)

The Arabidopsis thaliana endogenous elicitor peptides (AtPeps) are released into the apoplast after cellular damage caused by pathogens or wounding to induce innate immunity by direct binding to the membrane-localized leucine-rich repeat receptor kinases, PEP RECEPTOR1 (PEPR1) and PEPR2. Although the PEPR-mediated signaling components and responses have been studied extensively, the contributions of the subcellular localization and dynamics of the active PEPRs remain largely unknown. We used live-cell imaging of the fluorescently labeled and bioactive pep1 to visualize the intracellular behavior of the PEPRs in the Arabidopsis root meristem. We found that AtPep1 decorated the plasma membrane (PM) in a receptor-dependent manner and cointernalized with PEPRs. Trafficking of the AtPep1-PEPR1 complexes to the vacuole required neither the trans-Golgi network/early endosome (TGN/EE)-localized vacuolar H(+)-ATPase activity nor the function of the brefeldin A-sensitive ADP-ribosylation factor-guanine exchange factors (ARF-GEFs). In addition, AtPep1 and different TGN/EE markers colocalized only rarely, implying that the intracellular route of this receptor-ligand pair is largely independent of the TGN/EE. Inducible overexpression of the Arabidopsis clathrin coat disassembly factor, Auxilin2, which inhibits clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME), impaired the AtPep1-PEPR1 internalization and compromised AtPep1-mediated responses. Our results show that clathrin function at the PM is required to induce plant defense responses, likely through CME of cell surface-located signaling components.
Dynamic Output Feedback Asynchronous Control of Networked Markovian Jump Systems (2018)

This paper considers the problem of asynchronous H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">∞</sub> control for networked Markovian jump systems subject to probabilistic packet dropouts and communication delays in the measurement channel. A new dynamic output-feedback-based asynchronous controller is proposed wherein the dynamic output-feedback controller modes need not synchronize with the system modes. By utilizing results from stochastic Lyapunov-Krasovskii stability theory, sufficient conditions in terms of matrix inequalities are derived such that the closed-loop networked Markovian jump system is stochastically stable and achieves the prescribed H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">∞</sub> performance. Using the Schur complement technique and under the assumption that the input matrix is full rank, the sufficient condition is reduced to a linear matrix inequality and the dynamic output-feedback-based asynchronous controller is synthesized. A detailed numerical example with simulation results are presented to evaluate the proposed controller design scheme.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cisapride in patients undergoing hemodialysis (1991)

Twenty-two patients who were receiving hemodialysis were studied in three groups of eight subjects each to assess the pharmacokinetics during the dialysis-free interval and during hemodialysis treatment and to assess the pharmacodynamics of cisapride. Cisapride and its metabolite norcisapride were measured by use of HPLC and gas chromatography, respectively. The pharmacodynamic effect of cisapride was measured by means of radionuclide gastric emptying. After a single oral dose of 20 mg the terminal half-life of cisapride was 9.6 +/- 3.3 hours, the volume of distribution was 4.8 +/- 3.3 L/kg, the total oral plasma clearance was 380 +/- 161 ml/min, the area under the curve was 1024 +/- 447 ng.hr/ml (mean +/- SD). Norcisapride only could be detected in the dialysate (0.36 +/- 0.067 mg) and was eliminated by a hemodialysis clearance of 34.7 +/- 7.9 ml/min. Cisapride reduced gastric retention from 77.6% +/- 21.1% to 43.7% +/- 18.2% of maximum filling (40 minutes after meals) and normalized the abnormal gastric emptying time in patients receiving dialysis. Cisapride dosage adjustment or substitution after hemodialysis is not necessary.
Fabrication and performance of a fully integrated mu -pirani pressure gauge with digital readout (2002)

A thermal absolute pressure sensor of the heated microbridge type has been integrated with an active bias circuit and an 8-bit successive-approximation register (SAR) analog-to-digital (A/D) converter. The chip, which contains about 1000 MOSFETs, measures absolute gas pressure between 10 to 10/sup 4/ Pa, and it is implemented in a 14-mask, 4- mu m NMOS technology merged with the microsensor process. The fabrication process and sensing performance of the mu -pirani gauge are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
UVEAL METASTASIS FROM NONSMALL CELL LUNG CARCINOMA WITH DRAMATIC RESPONSE TO ERLOTINIB (2010)

Erlotinib is a well-tolerated newly available Food and Drug Administration-approved oral targeted biologic agent, which may be beneficial in some patients with uveal metastasis from nonsmall cell lung carcinoma, in which an underlying epidermal growth factor receptor mutation is suspected.
Productivity, Network Effects and Telecommunications Capital: Evidence from the US and Europe (2019)

Did the huge investment in telecommunications networks in the 1990s affect subsequent total factor productivity? Using data from 13 European countries and the US, 1995-2013, we document the substan- tial growth and then slowdown in "telecommunications" capital and ask if this is related to the growth and slowdown in TFP. We explore this by disaggregating ICT equipment investment into "IT" and "CT" equipment investment. We test for distinct effects from each using a simple framework where CT cap- ital has network externalities and so potentially impacts TFP, with the marginal impact of CT capital growth being higher in countries spending more on renting CT capital. We find: a) evidence of a robust correlation between (lagged) growth in (rental share-weighted) CT capital services and TFP growth; b) the estimated externality from CT capital potentially explains around 30-40% of TFP growth in North European countries, 60% in Scandinavia and around 90% in the US; c) CT capital has a social return around five times its private return; and d) a slowdown in the accumulation of CT capital accounts for just over half of the post-2003 TFP slowdown in the US but only one-tenth of the TFP slowdown in the EU
Phased array calibration procedures based on measured element patterns (2001)

A technique to compensate for differences in the element patterns of an array antenna is presented and discussed in comparison with previously published procedures. It follows the classical approach of correcting the array output vector by multiplication by a decoupling matrix to achieve a more or less unperturbed array response. The technique is applicable to linear as well as planar arrays and allows a rather flexible choice of the calibration points. The performance is demonstrated by a simulation based on a numerical analysis with the method of moments and a practical application to a Ku-band digital beamforming array.
Transfer of Near-Infrared Multivariate Calibrations without Standards (1996)

A novel approach to the transfer of multivariate calibration is proposed. This method is based on the finite impulse response (FIR) filtering of a set of spectra to be transferred, using a spectrum on the target instrument to direct the filtering process. Often, the target spectrum is the mean of a calibration set. The method is compared against direct transfer and piecewise direct transfer on near-infrared reflectance spectra in two representative data sets. Results from these studies suggest that FIR transfer compares favorably with piecewise direct transfer in terms of accuracy and precision of the match of transferred spectra to the predictive calibration models developed on the target instrument. Unlike piecewise direct transfer, FIR transfer requires no measurement of standard samples on both the source and target spectrometers. Details and current limitations of the FIR transfer method are presented.
Thermal annealing of radiation dosimetry fibres (2022)

The thermal annealing of P-doped radiation dosimetry fibres was investigated to increase their operation time, especially at accelerators. We have shown that a regeneration of irradiated fibres is possible at least 20 times while keeping their radiation sensitivity constant. This expands the use of fibre optic radiation sensors at accelerators to longer times and higher dose values without replacing the sensor fibres.
Stroke Outcomes Among HIV-infected Patients in a Large, Urban, Tertiary Hospital in the USA, 1999–2016 (2017)

BACKGROUND: HIV infection is an independent risk factor for stroke. However, patient-level data on stroke outcomes among HIV-infected patients are limited. We compared stroke outcomes between HIV-infected and -uninfected patients in a large tertiary hospital. METHODS: We used data from the Stroke Management and Rehabilitation Team, a patient-level database of all stroke admissions among adult patients at Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri. All patients hospitalized with a first stroke episode from 1999 to 2016 were included. Variables between groups were compared using independent samples t-test or the Wilcoxon rank-sum test for continuous variables and the chi-square or Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables when applicable. Spearman’s test was used for correlation analyses. RESULTS: Of 20,268 patients, 81 were HIV-infected. The median CD4+ count was 148 cells/µL and 38% had HIV viral load < 200 copies/mL at stroke presentation. Compared with HIV-uninfected patients, HIV-infected patients were significantly younger (49 vs. 65 years, P = 0.010) and had higher rates of smoking, alcohol and illicit drug use (table). Comorbid conditions, stroke severity, length of hospital stay, and rates of inpatient mortality and hospital complications between the two groups were similar. The proportion of stroke admissions among HIV-infected patients peaked in 2010–2011 (figure). From 1999 to 2016, the age of HIV-infected patients at presentation increased (r = 0.40, P < 0.010) while it remained stable for HIV-uninfected patients. Conversely, the HIV viral load at presentation declined over time (r = −0.53, P < 0.001) while there was no correlation between CD4+ count and year of admission. The proportion of comorbid conditions among HIV-infected patients was also not statistically different before and after 2010–2011. CONCLUSION: In this large cohort, we found that HIV-infected patients had comparable stroke outcomes and comorbid conditions as HIV-uninfected patients who, on average, were 16 years older. Our finding that HIV-infected patients present with stroke at older ages and with lower viral load over time suggests a potential change in the pathogenesis of stroke from viral-driven processes to more aging-related risk factors. DISCLOSURES: B. Ances, Journal of Neurovirology: Editorial Board but not compensation, Nothing.
Prostaglandin D2 Receptors Control Osteoclastogenesis and the Activity of Human Osteoclasts (2008)

We recently showed that human osteoblasts synthesize prostaglandin D(2) (PGD(2)) and express both DP and CRTH2 receptors. Activation of the DP receptor decreased osteoprotegerin production, whereas activation of the CRTH2 receptor induced osteoblast chemotaxis and decreased RANKL expression. Our objectives in this study were to determine the presence, distribution, and action of these receptors in the functions of human osteoclasts and in osteoclastogenesis. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the presence of DP and CRTH2 in in vitro-differentiated human osteoclasts in culture and in osteoclasts in situ. The effects of the activation of PGD(2) receptors on the cytoskeleton were determined by fluorescence microscopy. Specific agonists and antagonists allowed the study of the roles of these receptors on bone resorption and osteoclast differentiation. Our results show that in vitro-differentiated human osteoclasts and authentic fetal osteoclasts express both DP and CRTH2 receptors, as shown by immunocytochemistry. Similar results were obtained in osteoclasts from normal, osteoporotic, pagetic, and osteoarthritic adult bone tissues. Stimulation of osteoclasts with PGD(2) induced a robust reorganization of the cytoskeleton with a decrease in the number of cells presenting actin rings and an increase of lamellipodia, effects mediated by the DP and CRTH2 receptors, respectively. PGD(2) showed an inhibitory effect on bone resorption activity acting through the DP receptor. In vitro osteoclastogenesis from peripheral blood mononuclear cells cultured in the presence of RANKL and macrophage-colony stimulating factor was decreased by activation of either DP or CRTH2 receptors. These results suggest that PGD(2) receptors could be useful targets in certain bone diseases because their specific activation/inhibition leads to a decrease in osteoclastogenesis and to inhibition of bone resorption by osteoclasts.