gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor DMP 266 (1997)

Abstract Abstract: DMP 266, a potent non-nucleoside HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor was prepared in six steps starting from commercially available 4-chlorophenyl isocyanate. The racemic compound was formed very efficiently from N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-4-chloroaniline and resolution was accomplished via the (-)-camphanates.
Novel retrotransposed imprinted locus identified at human 6p25 (2011)

Differentially methylated regions (DMRs) are stable epigenetic features within or in proximity to imprinted genes. We used this feature to identify candidate human imprinted loci by quantitative DNA methylation analysis. We discovered a unique DMR at the 5'-end of FAM50B at 6p25.2. We determined that sense transcripts originating from the FAM50B locus are expressed from the paternal allele in all human tissues investigated except for ovary, in which expression is biallelic. Furthermore, an antisense transcript, FAM50B-AS, was identified to be monoallelically expressed from the paternal allele in a variety of tissues. Comparative phylogenetic analysis showed that FAM50B orthologs are absent in chicken and platypus, but are present and biallelically expressed in opossum and mouse. These findings indicate that FAM50B originated in Therians after divergence from Prototherians via retrotransposition of a gene on the X chromosome. Moreover, our data are consistent with acquisition of imprinting during Eutherian evolution after divergence of Glires from the Euarchonta mammals. FAM50B expression is deregulated in testicular germ cell tumors, and loss of imprinting occurs frequently in testicular seminomas, suggesting an important role for FAM50B in spermatogenesis and tumorigenesis. These results also underscore the importance of accounting for parental origin in understanding the mechanism of 6p25-related diseases.
Technology developments toward the practical use of femtosecond laser micromaterials processing (2002)

We describe several scenarios of basic femtosecond machining and materials processing that should lead to practical applications. Included are results on high through-put deep hole drilling in polymers and glasses in ambient air, and precision high speed micron-scale surface modification of materials.
TEXTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SQUID (Loligo pealei LESUER): SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF COOKED MANTLE (1979)

ABSTRACT SEM was used to reveal progressive structural alterations in the tissue components of cooked squid mantle. Progressive changes were observed at various cook temperatures, 50, 60, 70, 80 and 100°C and after different periods of cooking, 1, 2, 4, 8,16, 32 and 64 min at 100°C. Thermal alterations of connective tissues first appeared as interfibril ‘melting,’ then total fiber gelatinization at higher temperatures. The onset temperatures of ‘melting’ and gelatinization differed depending on the anatomical location of the connective tissue tunics. Thermal alterations of muscle fibers appeared as a loss of myofibril distinction first evident at 50°C. Increasing temperature of muscle fibers caused, in order, coagulation of sarcoplasmic proteins, disintegration of the sarcoplasm, and continuous fiber shrinkage and dehydration. These changes in tissue structure were partially explained by simultaneous changes in gross body dimensions, and mantle pH, moisture, and protein content.
Interaction between an α-Helical Polypeptide Containing Side-Chain Pyridyl Groups and Poly(4-vinylpyridine) in the Ternary Cu2+ Ion Complex (1994)

Abstract Interaction between a Cu2+-α-helical polypeptide containing side-chain pyridyl groups, poly(Nω-2-pyridylmethyl-l-glutamine) (P2PG), and poly(4-vinylpyridine) (P4VP) as a macromolecular guest was investigated by absorption and circular dichroism spectroscopies in 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol solutions. P4VP was added to the Cu2+-one pyridyl side chain complex system prepared in advance. One or two P4VP nitrogens could bind to the remaining coordination sites of the Cu2+ ion in the host system, yielding ternary Cu2+ complexes. The circular dichroism spectra of Cu2+-P2PG with P4VP indicated that P4VP might bind to the α-helix of P2PG in such a manner as to form a left-handed superhelix around the α-helical core resulting from the formation of ternary Cu2+ complexes. The structure of the interpolymer complex system was also investigated by a monolayer method. The surface pressure–area isotherm of a Cu2+-P2PG-P4VP monolayer and its hysteresis supported the formation of the supramolecular structure suggested by the spectroscopic methods.
Mixing Signals: Molecular Turn Ons and Turn Offs for Innate Î³Î´ T-Cells (2014)

Lymphocytes of the gamma delta (γδ) T-cell lineage are evolutionary conserved and although they express rearranged antigen-specific receptors, a large proportion respond as innate effectors. γδ T-cells are poised to combat infection by responding rapidly to cytokine stimuli similar to innate lymphoid cells. This potential to initiate strong inflammatory responses necessitates that inhibitory signals are balanced with activation signals. Here, we discuss some of the key mechanisms that regulate the development, activation, and inhibition of innate γδ T-cells in light of recent evidence that the inhibitory immunoglobulin-superfamily member B and T lymphocyte attenuator restricts their differentiation and effector function.
Implementation and evaluation of a network-controlled mobility management protocol (IP/sup 2/MM): performance evaluation compared with mobile IPv6 (2005)

The 3G mobile network IMT-2000, was launched some years ago and multimedia traffic in the mobile Internet has been increasing with the growth of wireless access links. Next-generation networks need to efficiently transport huge volumes of multimedia traffic with high-quality mobility management. We have proposed an IP-based IMT network platform (IP/sup 2/) for the next-generation mobile network architecture and have studied its mobility management scheme, IP/sup 2/ mobility management protocol (IP/sup 2/MM). IP/sup 2/MM is a network-controlled mobility protocol that deploys mobility functions inside the network and conceals IP mobility from the mobile node. It is also designed to satisfy the requirements of mobile operators. In this paper, we introduce an overview of IP/sup 2/MM and show the comparative evaluation results with mobile IPv6. For the evaluation, we implemented both in our experimental system and compared their performance. The results show that IP/sup 2/MM provides better mobility performance than mobile IPv6, and we conclude that IP/sup 2/MM is an effective and feasible mobility protocol for the next-generation networks of mobile operators.
Safety and Efficacy of Single Dose versus Multiple Doses of AmBisome® for Treatment of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Eastern Africa: A Randomised Trial (2014)

www.clinicaltrials.govNCT00832208.
Atrial natriuretic peptide modulation of albumin clearance and contrast agent permeability in mouse skeletal muscle and skin: role in regulation of plasma volume (2009)

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) via its guanylyl cyclase-A (GC-A) receptor participates in regulation of arterial blood pressure and vascular volume. Previous studies demonstrated that concerted renal diuretic/natriuretic and endothelial permeability effects of ANP cooperate in intravascular volume regulation. We show that the microvascular endothelial contribution to the hypovolaemic action of ANP can be measured by the magnitude of the ANP-induced increase in blood-to-tissue albumin transport, measured as plasma albumin clearance corrected for intravascular volume change, relative to the corresponding increase in ANP-induced renal water excretion. We used a two-tracer method with isotopically labelled albumin to measure clearances in skin and skeletal muscle of: (i) C57BL6 mice; (ii) mice with endothelium-restricted deletion of GC-A (floxed GC-A x tie2-Cre: endothelial cell (EC) GC-A knockout (KO)); and (iii) control littermates (floxed GC-A mice with normal GC-A expression levels). Comparison of albumin clearances in hypervolaemic EC GC-A KO mice with normovolaemic littermates demonstrated that skeletal muscle albumin clearance with ANP treatment accounts for at most 30% of whole body clearance required for ANP to regulate plasma volume. Skin microcirculation responded to ANP similarly. Measurements of permeability to a high molecular mass contrast agent (35 kD Gadomer) by dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) enabled repeated measures in individual animals and confirmed small increases in muscle and skin microvascular permeability after ANP. These quantitative methods will enable further evaluation of the contribution of ANP-dependent microvascular beds (such as gastro-intestinal tract) to plasma volume regulation.
Dynamic range requirements for optical transmitters in fiber-fed microcellular networks (1995)

Analog fiber-optic links can be used for antenna remoting in microcellular networks. Using a statistical model of user access in a wireless network, it is shown that by accepting a modest (<0.5%) percentage of blocked calls, a modest optical link dynamic range of 91 dB (1 Hz) is required. By using multiple fiber-fed antennas per cell and proper network protocol, the required dynamic range is dramatically reduced to <80 dB for the same blocking probability.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A 24-GHz and 60-GHz dual-band standing-wave VCO in 0.13&#x00B5;m CMOS process (2010)

By exploiting the intrinsic multiple oscillation modes of a standing-wave oscillator, a dual-band millimeter-wave VCO is designed. Implemented in 0.13μm CMOS with an area of 0.05mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , the VCO prototype measures a dual-band operation at 24 GHz and 60 GHz with tuning range of 10.8% and 7.2%, phase noise of -120dBc/Hz and -114dBc/Hz at 10MHz offset, power consumption of 11mW and 24mW, corresponding to FoM of -177dB and -176dB, respectively.
Automatically identifying critical input regions and code in applications (2010)

Applications that process complex inputs often react in different ways to changes in different regions of the input. Small changes to forgiving regions induce correspondingly small changes in the behavior and output. Small changes to critical regions, on the other hand, can induce disproportionally large changes in the behavior or output. Identifying the critical and forgiving regions in the input and the corresponding critical and forgiving regions of code is directly relevant to many software engineering tasks.
Elective single embryo transfer (2008)

Elective single embryo transfer has been implemented in Belgium and Scandinavian countries to decrease the incidence of twin pregnancy and the associated complications. The extra cost associated with achieving an equal number of pregnancies through elective single embryo transfer needs to be considered in the context of any additional neonatal care expenses associated with double embryo transfer. Acceptable ongoing pregnancy and delivery rates have been obtained when comparing single with double embryo transfer. Maternal age, previous attempts, day of embryo transfer and cost should be taken into account. Learning objectives: To understand the issues raised when helping a couple choose single or double embryo transfer. Ethical issues: Where does patient autonomy over treatment end and national regulation begin? The management of obstetric complications and the long‐term sequelae of premature birth should be factored in when considering treatment costs. Please cite this article as: Kosmas I, Van der Elst J, Devroey P, Tournaye H. Elective single embryo transfer. The Obstetrician &amp; Gynaecologist 2008;10:163–169.
Some theoretical aspects of the mechanism of action of benzhydrazone, an inhibitor of glycosylation in herpes simplex virus. (1989)

Some hypotheses of the mechanism of action of benzhydrazone, a selective inhibitor of herpes simplex virus glycoprotein biosynthesis, are presented in this paper. Comparative analysis of different models indicates that the drug may interfere with herpes simplex virus DNA. Thus, benzhydrazone seems to act like a bifunctional alkylating agent.
Design and Implementation of a Dual-Axis Tilting Quadcopter (2018)

Standard quadcopters are popular largely because of their mechanical simplicity relative to other hovering aircraft, low cost and minimum operator involvement. However, this simplicity imposes fundamental limits on the types of maneuvers possible due to its under-actuation. The dexterity and fault tolerance required for flying in limited spaces like forests and industrial infrastructures dictate the use of a bespoke dual-tilting quadcopter that can launch vertically, performs autonomous flight between adjacent obstacles and is even capable of flying in the event of the failure of one or two motors. This paper proposes an actuation concept to enhance the performance characteristics of the conventional under-actuated quadcopter. The practical formation of this concept is followed by the design, modeling, simulation and prototyping of a dual-axis tilting quadcopter. Outdoor flight tests using tilting rotors, to follow a trajectory containing adjacent obstacles, were conducted in order to compare the flight of conventional quadcopter with the proposed over-actuated vehicle. The results show that the quadcopter with tilting rotors provides more agility and mobility to the vehicle especially in narrow indoor and outdoor infrastructures.
The semantics of shared memory in Intel CPU/FPGA systems (2021)

Heterogeneous CPU/FPGA devices, in which a CPU and an FPGA can execute together while sharing memory, are becoming popular in several computing sectors. In this paper, we study the shared-memory semantics of these devices, with a view to providing a firm foundation for reasoning about the programs that run on them. Our focus is on Intel platforms that combine an Intel FPGA with a multicore Xeon CPU. We describe the weak-memory behaviours that are allowed (and observable) on these devices when CPU threads and an FPGA thread access common memory locations in a fine-grained manner through multiple channels. Some of these behaviours are familiar from well-studied CPU and GPU concurrency; others are weaker still. We encode these behaviours in two formal memory models: one operational, one axiomatic. We develop executable implementations of both models, using the CBMC bounded model-checking tool for our operational model and the Alloy modelling language for our axiomatic model. Using these, we cross-check our models against each other via a translator that converts Alloy-generated executions into queries for the CBMC model. We also validate our models against actual hardware by translating 583 Alloy-generated executions into litmus tests that we run on CPU/FPGA devices; when doing this, we avoid the prohibitive cost of synthesising a hardware design per litmus test by creating our own 'litmus-test processor' in hardware. We expect that our models will be useful for low-level programmers, compiler writers, and designers of analysis tools. Indeed, as a demonstration of the utility of our work, we use our operational model to reason about a producer/consumer buffer implemented across the CPU and the FPGA. When the buffer uses insufficient synchronisation -- a situation that our model is able to detect -- we observe that its performance improves at the cost of occasional data corruption.
MetR-Regulated Vibrio cholerae Metabolism Is Required for Virulence (2012)

Vibrio cholerae continues to be a severe cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Identification of V. cholerae factors critical to disease progression offers the potential to develop or improve upon therapeutics and prevention strategies. To increase the efficiency of virulence factor discovery, we employed a regulator-centric approach to multiplex our in vivo screening capabilities and allow whole regulons in V. cholerae to be interrogated for pathogenic potential. We identified MetR as a new virulence regulator and serine hydroxymethyltransferase GlyA1 as a new MetR-regulated virulence factor, both required by V. cholerae to colonize the infant mouse intestine. Bacterial metabolism is a prerequisite to virulence, and current knowledge of in vivo metabolism of pathogens is limited. Here, we expand the known role of amino acid metabolism and regulation in virulence and offer new insights into the in vivo metabolic requirements of V. cholerae within the mouse intestine.
Optimal Control of Shock Wave Turbulent Boundary Layer Interactions Using Micro-Array Actuation (2006)

The intent of this study on micro-array flow control is to demonstrate the viability and economy of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to determine optimal designs of micro-array actuation for controlling the shock wave turbulent boundary layer interactions within supersonic inlets and compare these concepts to conventional bleed performance. The term micro-array refers to micro-actuator arrays which have heights of 25 to 40 percent of the undisturbed supersonic boundary layer thickness. This study covers optimal control of shock wave turbulent boundary layer interactions using standard micro-vane, tapered micro-vane, and standard micro-ramp arrays at a free stream Mach number of 2.0. The effectiveness of the three micro-array devices was tested using a shock pressure rise induced by the 10 shock generator, which was sufficiently strong as to separate the turbulent supersonic boundary layer. The overall design purpose of the micro-arrays was to alter the properties of the supersonic boundary layer by introducing a cascade of counter-rotating micro-vortices in the near wall region. In this manner, the impact of the shock wave boundary layer (SWBL) interaction on the main flow field was minimized without boundary bleed.
Well completions and workovers. Part 19. The systems approach to sand control (1981)

The successful, economic application of sand control involves selecting the method (bridging, stabilization, or consolidation), applying it to a well or group of wells, evaluating the performance, and redesigning the method if necessary. Essentially the same systems approach applies whether the problem is a single well or an entire field.
Top-Down proteomic analysis of CSF proteins from ALS patients (2010)

ALS has largely unknown pathogenesis that typically result in death within a few years from diagnosis [1]. There are currently no effective therapies for ALS. Clinical diagnosis usually takes several months to complete and the long delay between symptom onset and diagnosis, limits the possibilities for effective intervention and clinical trials [2]. The establishment of protein biomarkers for ALS may aid an earlier diagnosis, facilitating the search for effective therapeutic interventions and monitoring
The application of frequency and time domain kurtosis to the assessment of hazardous noise exposures (1994)

Five computer-synthesized broadband noises, each having the same average spectrum and the same unweighted Leq of 100 dB SPL but very different temporal structures, were used to produce hearing loss in chinchillas. Despite the same exposure energies and spectra, each noise exposure produced a different magnitude and frequency distribution of hearing loss and sensory cell loss. The results indicate that the statistical properties of a signal are important in the determination of hearing loss. When the audiometric and histological results are compared to a metric based upon kurtosis measured in the time and the frequency domain for each exposure, there is a clear indication that these statistical metrics are good predictors of the relative magnitude and frequency distribution of the acoustic trauma.
History of citation indexes for chemistry: a brief review (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHistory of citation indexes for chemistry: a brief reviewEugene GarfieldCite this: J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. 1985, 25, 3, 170–174Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ci00047a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ci00047a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views114Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Integration of vertical pnp transistors in a double-polysilicon Bi-CMOS process (2003)

A cost-effective method for integrating vertical pnp transistors in an advanced double-poly BiCMOS process is discussed. The method requires only two additional masks for modification of the buried layer structure. Vertical pnp transistors with an f/sub t/ of 1 GHz have been realized in combination with 7-GHz npn transistors. 2-D simulations of the buried layer process shows a greatly improved isolation and a large reduction in substrate capacitance. Both the AC and DC characteristics of the vertical pnp transistor are adequate for a wide range of analog applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Comparison of NMR water proton T1 relaxation times of rabbit tissues at 24 MHz and 2.5 MHz (1980)

The ratios between T1 relaxation times at 24 MHz and 2.5 MHz for most of the rabbit tissues lie in the range 1.9 to 2.2. However, among the rabbit tissues certain distinct types were found to have T1 ratios different from those of the general range. In particular this is true of muscle and nervous tissue. The ratios for most striated muscles lie in the range 2.7 to 3.1. However, the range for smooth muscle, 2.0 to 2.2, is very similar to that of the majority of other tissues, whilst the ratio for cardiac muscle, 2.5+or-0.11, lies between the extremes of the other major muscle types. For nervous tissues the ratios are, in general, considerably below 2.0. Spinal cord has a ratio of 1.43+or-0.1; medulla oblongata (1.66+or-0.16), cerebellum (1.75+or-0.02) and the white matter of the cerebral hemisphere (possibly with some contaminating grey matter) (1.77+or-0.08) lie intermediate between the values for spinal cord and the grey matter of the cerebral hemisphere, this latter being 2.00+or-0.01. Other variations were noticeable, for example, the difference in the ratio seen between bile and blood serum and the low ratio of the salivary gland.