gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of bone cortical thickness on velocity measurements using ultrasonic axial transmission: A 2D simulation study (2002)

In recent years, quantitative ultrasound (QUS) has played an increasing role in the assessment of bone status. The axial transmission technique allows to investigate skeletal sites such as the cortical layer of long bones (radius, tibia), inadequate to through-transmission techniques. Nevertheless, the type of propagation involved along bone specimens has not been clearly elucidated. Axial transmission is investigated here by means of two-dimensional simulations at 1 MHz. We focus our interest on the apparent speed of sound (SOS) of the first arriving signal (FAS). Its dependence on the thickness of the plate is discussed and compared to previous work. Different time criteria are used to derive the apparent SOS of the FAS as a function of source-receiver distance. Frequency-wave number analysis is performed in order to understand the type of propagation involved. For thick plates (thickness>lambdabone, longitudinal wavelength in bone), and for a limited range of source-receiver distances, the FAS corresponds to the lateral wave. Its velocity equals the longitudinal bulk velocity of the bone. For plate thickness less than lambdabone, some plate modes contribute to the FAS, and the apparent SOS decreases with the thickness in a way that depends on both the time criterion and on the source-receiver distance. The FAS corresponds neither to the lateral wave nor to a single plate mode. For very thin plates (thickness< lambdabone/4), the apparent SOS tends towards the velocity of the lowest order symmetrical vibration mode (S0 Lamb mode).
Influence of Blood Viscosity on Blood Flow and the Effect of Low Molecular Weight Dextran (1971)

Changes in whole blood viscosity are related to changes in the leg blood flow during infusions of low-molecular-weight dextran and Hartmann's solution. A close inverse correlation exists between changes in viscosity and blood flow, the change in blood flow being about three times greater than the change in blood viscosity. The dextran and Hartmann's solution had a similar effect on blood viscosity and blood flow if corrections are made for the difference in haemodilution.
Electromodulation spectroscopy of direct optical transitions in Ge1−xSnx layers under hydrostatic pressure and built-in strain (2016)

Unstrained Ge1−xSnx layers of various Sn concentration (1.5%, 3%, 6% Sn) and Ge0.97Sn0.03 layers with built-in compressive (ε = −0.5%) and tensile (ε = 0.3%) strain are grown by molecular beam epitaxy and studied by electromodulation spectroscopy (i.e., contactless electroreflectance and photoreflectance (PR)). In order to obtain unstrained GeSn layers and layers with different built-in in-plane strains, virtual InGaAs substrates of different compositions are grown prior to the deposition of GeSn layers. For unstrained Ge1−xSnx layers, the pressure coefficient for the direct band gap transition is determined from PR measurements at various hydrostatic pressures to be 12.2 ± 0.2 meV/kbar, which is very close to the pressure coefficient for the direct band gap transition in Ge (12.9 meV/kbar). This suggests that the hydrostatic deformation potentials typical of Ge can be applied to describe the pressure-induced changes in the electronic band structure of Ge1−xSnx alloys with low Sn concentrations. The same conclusion is derived for the uniaxial deformation potential, which describes the splitting between heavy-hole (HH) and light-hole (LH) bands as well as the strain-related shift of the spin-orbit (SO) split-off band. It is observed that the HH, LH, and SO related transitions shift due to compressive and tensile strain according to the Bir-Pikus theory. The dispersions of HH, LH, and SO bands are calculated for compressive and tensile strained Ge0.97Sn0.03 with the 8-band kp Hamiltonian including strain effects, and the mixing of HH and LH bands is discussed. In addition, the dispersion of the electronic band structure is calculated for unstrained Ge1−xSnx layers (3% and 6% Sn) at high hydrostatic pressure with the 8-band kp Hamiltonian, and the pressure-induced changes in the electronic band structure are discussed.
Piezoelectric-electrostrictive monolithic bi-layer composite flextensional actuator (2009)

We propose a new type of flextensional actuator comprised of an electromechanically active element which is a piezoelectric-electrostrictive monolithic bi-layer composite (PE-MBLC) capped by truncated thin brass sheets. The PE-MBLC contains equal amounts of 0.65[Pb(Mg(1/3)Nb(2/3))O(3)]-0.35PbTiO(3) and 0.9[Pb(Mg(1/3)Nb(2/3))O(3)]-0.1PbTiO(3) by volume, and is obtained by a co-sintering process. With applied E(max) = 10 kV/cm unipolar drive, the maximum axial displacement (u(33)) produced by the uncapped and capped PE-MBLC is 11 and 21 microm, respectively. The hysteresis in unipolar u(33) at 0.5 E(max) is 4.6% for the uncapped PE-MBLC, while that for the capped one is 11%. Under bipolar excitation, the maximum u(33) for uncapped is 11.6 microm at +E(max) and 6.6 microm at +E(max) with an asymmetry factor (zeta) of 1.75 for which u(33) < 0 for all E < 0. Under bipolar excitation, the maximum u(33) at +E(max) for the capped PE-MBLC is 19 microm while that for -E(max) is 8 microm with zeta = 2.4, for which u(33) > 0 at -E(max) but is smaller than the u(33) at +E(max). The origins of the observed asymmetry in u(33) are discussed in the context of symmetry superposition and deformation mechanics of the endcaps.
[Studies on chemical constituents from pine cone of Pinus armandii]. (2005)

Compounds I-IV were isolated from this plant for the first time.
Expression of Calbindin-D28k in a Pancreatic Islet -Cell Line Protects against Cytokine-Induced Apoptosis and Necrosis (2001)

Cytokines produced by immune system cells that infiltrate pancreatic islets are candidate mediators of islet β-cell destruction in autoimmune (type 1) diabetes mellitus. Because the calcium binding protein, calbindin-D28k, can prevent apoptotic cell death in different cell types, we investigated the possibility that calbindin-D28k may prevent cytokine-mediated islet β-cell destruction. Using the expression vector BSRα, rat calbindin-D28k was stably expressed in the pancreatic isletβ -cell line, βTC-3. Calbindin-D28k expression resulted in increased cell survival in the presence of the cytotoxic combination of the cytokines IL-1β (30 U/ml), TNFα (103 U/ml), and interferon γ (103 U/ml). The greatest protection was observed in the βTC-3 cell clone expressing the highest concentration of calbindin-D28k. Apoptotic cell death was detected by annexin V staining and by the TdT-mediated dUTP-X nick end labeling assay in vector-transfected βTC-3 cells incubated with cytokines (14–15% apoptotic cells). The number of apoptotic cells was significantly decreased in calbindin-D28k-overexpressingβ TC-3 cells incubated with cytokines (5–6% apoptotic cells). To address the mechanism of the antiapoptotic effects of calbindin, studies were done to examine whether calbindin inhibits free radical formation. The stimulatory effects of the cytokines on lipid hydroperoxide, nitric oxide, and peroxynitrite production were significantly decreased in the calbindin-D28k-expressingβ TC-3 cells. Our findings indicate that calbindin-D28k, by inhibiting free radical formation, can protect against cytokine-mediated apoptosis and destruction of β-cells. These findings suggest that calbindin-D28k may be an important regulator of cell death that can protect pancreatic isletβ -cells from autoimmune destruction in type 1 diabetes.
Characterization of gate recessed GaN/AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors fabricated using a SiCl4/SF6 dry etch recipe (2010)

Incorporating GaN capping layers in conjunction with recessing has been identified as a means to maximize the high frequency performance of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). Doping the cap heavily n-type is required in order to ensure minimal loss of carriers from the channel. Using a SiCl4/SF6 dry etch plasma recipe, 250 nm gate length HEMTs with recess lengths varying from 300 nm to 5 μm are fabricated. Heavily doped n+GaN caps enabled contact resistances of 0.3 Ω mm to be achieved. Recessing using a SiCl4/SF6 recipe does not introduce significant numbers of bulk traps. Gate recessing in conjunction with Si3N4 passivation reduces rf dispersion to negligible levels.
Fabrication of heterogeneous nanomaterial array by programmable heating and chemical supply within microfluidic platform towards multiplexed gas sensing application (2015)

A facile top-down/bottom-up hybrid nanofabrication process based on programmable temperature control and parallel chemical supply within microfluidic platform has been developed for the all liquid-phase synthesis of heterogeneous nanomaterial arrays. The synthesized materials and locations can be controlled by local heating with integrated microheaters and guided liquid chemical flow within microfluidic platform. As proofs-of-concept, we have demonstrated the synthesis of two types of nanomaterial arrays: (i) parallel array of TiO2 nanotubes, CuO nanospikes and ZnO nanowires, and (ii) parallel array of ZnO nanowire/CuO nanospike hybrid nanostructures, CuO nanospikes and ZnO nanowires. The laminar flow with negligible ionic diffusion between different precursor solutions as well as localized heating was verified by numerical calculation and experimental result of nanomaterial array synthesis. The devices made of heterogeneous nanomaterial array were utilized as a multiplexed sensor for toxic gases such as NO2 and CO. This method would be very useful for the facile fabrication of functional nanodevices based on highly integrated arrays of heterogeneous nanomaterials.
Successful radiofrequency ablation of a right posteroseptal accessory pathway through an anomalous inferior vena cava and azygos continuation in a patient with incomplete situs inversus. (2009)

We present a 43-year-old patient with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. In the process of catheter ablation, we found interruption of the inferior vena cava with azygos continuation with incomplete situs inversus. In this patient, we adopted the lower approach via the anomalous inferior vena cava and azygos continuation to achieve stability of radiofrequency catheter for right posteroseptal accessory pathway, and successfully abolished the preexcitation.
Disorder raises the critical temperature of a cuprate superconductor (2019)

With the discovery of charge-density waves (CDWs) in most members of the cuprate high-temperature superconductors, the interplay between superconductivity and CDWs has become a key point in the debate on the origin of high-temperature superconductivity. Some experiments in cuprates point toward a CDW state competing with superconductivity, but others raise the possibility of a CDW-superconductivity intertwined order or more elusive pair-density waves (PDWs). Here, we have used proton irradiation to induce disorder in crystals of [Formula: see text] and observed a striking 50% increase of [Formula: see text], accompanied by a suppression of the CDWs. This is in sharp contrast with the behavior expected of a d-wave superconductor, for which both magnetic and nonmagnetic defects should suppress [Formula: see text] Our results thus make an unambiguous case for the strong detrimental effect of the CDW on bulk superconductivity in [Formula: see text] Using tunnel diode oscillator (TDO) measurements, we find indications for potential dynamic layer decoupling in a PDW phase. Our results establish irradiation-induced disorder as a particularly relevant tuning parameter for the many families of superconductors with coexisting density waves, which we demonstrate on superconductors such as the dichalcogenides and [Formula: see text].
The Loop-Tree Duality: Progress Report (2017)

We review the recent developments of the Loop-Tree Duality method, focussing our discussion on the first numerical implementation and its use in the direct numerical computation of multi-leg Feynman integrals. Non-trivial examples are presented.
“Triply Activated” Phenyl 3-Iodopropiolates: Halogen-Bond Donors with Remarkable σ-Hole Potentials (2022)

The ability of halogen-bond donors to form strong and directional intermolecular interactions remains integral to their prospects of becoming reliable synthetic tools for the bottom-up assembly of functional materials. An activation strategy involving three different electron-withdrawing groups in parallel, was employed in order to develop new halogen-bond donors possessing some of the highest σ-hole potentials reported to date.
Chemistry of nonaqueous solutions : current progress (1994)

Non-aqueous solutions are important in many applications, in particular in batteries. This monograph covers current aspects of the chemistry on non-aqueous chemistry.
The thermal decomposition of methanol and methanethiol on the clean and modified Fe(110) surface (1996)

The thermal decomposition of methanol and methanethiol on the clean and modified Fe(110) surface has been examined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, low-energy electron diffraction and temperature programmed reaction spectroscopy. Both methanethiol and methanol adsorb on the Fe(110) surface at 100 K with immediate cleavage of the terminal hydrogen to produce methylthiolate (CH{sub 3}S) and methoxy (CH{sub 3}O) coadsorbed with atomic hydrogen on the Fe surface. Heating the sample to 800 K produces gas phase methane and hydrogen, leaving a chemisorbed S overlayer in the case of methylthiolate, while methoxy decomposes via desorbing hydrogen and CO to leave a clean Fe surface. The influence of oxygen and sulfur pre-adsorption on the thermal decomposition of these species will also be described.
Structural Factors Controlling the Self-Assembly of Columnar Liquid Crystals (2006)

A series of disc-shaped molecules were prepared by the condensation of 1,2-diamines with 2,3,6,7-tetrakis(hexyloxy)phenanthrene-9,10-dione to investigate the relationship between changes in molecular structure and the self-assembly of columnar liquid crystalline phases. A comparison of compounds with different core sizes indicated that molecules with larger aromatic cores had a greater propensity to form columnar phases, as did compounds substituted with electron-withdrawing groups. In contrast, molecules with electron-donating substituents were nonmesogenic. The clearing temperature of columnar phases increased linearly with the electron-withdrawing ability of the substituents, as quantified by Hammett sigma-values. The observed trends can be rationalized in terms of the strength of pi-pi interactions between aromatic cores in the liquid crystalline phases and suggest that both electrostatic interactions and dispersion forces play important roles in the self-assembly of these materials.
Spectroscopic Signature and Structure of Active Sites in Ziegler-Natta Polymerization Catalysts revealed by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (2021)

Despite decades of extensive studies, the atomic-scale structure of the active sites in heterogeneous Ziegler-Natta (ZN) catalysts, one of the most important processes of the chemical industry, remains elusive and a matter of debate. In the present work, the structure of “active sites” of ZN catalysts in the absence of ethylene, referred to as “dormant active sites”, is elucidated from magnetic resonance experiments, carried out on samples reacted with increasing amounts of BCl3 so as to enhance the concentration of active sites and observe clear spectroscopic signatures. Using EPR and NMR spectroscopies, in particular 2D HYSCORE experiments complemented by DFT calculations, we show that the activated ZN catalysts contain bimetallic alkyl-Ti(III),Al species whose amount is directly linked to the polymerization activity of MgCl2-supported Ziegler-Natta catalysts. This connects those spectroscopic signatures to the active species formed in the presence of ethylene, and enables us propose an ethylene polymerization mechanism on the observed bimetallic alkyl-Ti(III),Al species based on DFT computations
Thermomechanical design for reliability of WLPs with compliant interconnects (2005)

A wafer level packaging technology ELASTecreg has been developed; which uses a resilient bump contact system. The advantages are twofold; because on the one hand the elastic contact system simplifies wafer probing and on the other hand the elastic interconnects allow an increase in board level reliability. Excessive solder bump straining caused by the mismatch of thermal expansion coefficients (CTE) between silicon and organic board materials can be avoided because of the compliance of the contact system, which can take over the main part of the mismatch deformation. Since the electrical connection is made by an electrodeposited copper/nickel redistribution layer (RDL), placed on top of the bump surface, other failures risks than solder fatigue emerge which were avoided by parametric studies using finite element analyses (FEA). The thermo-mechanical characteristics like stress-strain behavior and fatigue resistance of the RDL metallic films are the most important parameters for reliability predictions by FEA, discussed in some detail. The FEA based prediction that the fatigue performance of a spiral RDL layout is superior is proven experimentally and other reliability test data is provided
High-Throughput Screening of Compounds for Anti-Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Activity Using Cell-Culture and Cell-Free Models and Infected Animals (2007)

Abstract : Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies are fatal untreatable neurodegenerative diseases associated with the accumulation of a disease-specific form of priori protein (PrPSc) in the brain. One therapeutic approach is the inhibitors of PrPSc accumulation indeed many inhibitors of PrPSc accumulation in scrapie-infected cells also have anti-scrapie activity in rodents During This year. cell line derived from deer has been chronically infected with CWD to more effectively search for agents to combat that disease Additionally two compounds That inhibit PrPSc accumulation in scrapie-infected mouse cells and CWD-infected cells. iron tetrasulfonatophenyl porphyrn (FeTSP) and a degenerate 40 base phosphorothioates oligonucleotide (Randomer 1). were found to also have anti-scrapie activity in mice Randomer 1 mixed with infectious brain homogenate delays the onset of disease and also works prophylactically against an ip inoculated scrapie FeTSP has prophylactic activity as well as therapeutic activity against an existing scrapie brain infection which places it among a very small group of molecules with such activity Finally an antimalarial compound, mefloquine. which is an effective inhibitor of PrPSc in cell culture, did not demonstrate prophylactic anti-scrapie activity in mice This underscores the need to test promising anti-prion agents in animals prior to human trials.
Studies of calcium channels in rat clonal pituitary cells with patch electrode voltage clamp (1982)

1. The properties of the Ca channel in tissue cultured clonal cells (GH(3)) isolated from a rat anterior pituitary tumour were studied with the patch electrode voltage-clamp technique.2. To isolate the current through the Ca channel, the currents through the Na channel, the delayed K channel and the Ca(2+) induced K channel were minimized by replacing the external Na(+) with TEA(+) and adding EGTA to the K-free solution inside the patch electrode.3. The selectivity ratios through the Ca channel with different cations were 2.7 (Ba(2+)):1.6 (Sr(2+)):1.0 (Ca(2+)) and the m(2) form of the activation kinetics and the relationships between the time constant and the membrane potential were common to the three divalent cations.4. The amplitude of the Ba(2+) current increased linearly with [Ba(2+)](o) up to 25 mM and thereafter tended to show saturation.5. The current-voltage relation showed a positive shift along the voltage axis as [Ba(2+)](o) increased, probably due to the screening effect of Ba(2+) on the negative surface charges.6. The time constant of activation as a function of the membrane potential showed a parallel shift as [Ba(2+)](o) was increased, suggesting that the activation kinetics were independent of the permeant ion concentration.7. The time constant of the tail current was consistent with m(2) kinetics for opening and closing of the Ca channel.8. The extrapolated ;instantaneous' tail current rapidly increased as the activating membrane potential became more positive and reached an apparent saturation at membrane potentials substantially more positive than the potential that gave the maximum peak inward current, and suggested that the single channel has a sigmoidal current-voltage relationship.9. The power density spectrum obtained during the steady-state inward Ba(2+) current had a cut-off frequency which was nearly voltage independent; this is expected if the fluctuation of the current originates from m(2) activation kinetics.10. The results of noise analysis suggest that the amplitude of the single Ca channel current was about 0.2 pA at 25 mM-Ba(2+) and 0.7 pA at 100 mM-Ba(2+) for membrane potentials in the vicinity of the maximum inward current.
A summary of the ECAS performance and cost results for MHD systems (1976)

The potential is examined of various advanced power plant concepts using coal and coal-derived fuel. The results indicate that open cycle coal fired direct preheat MHD systems have potentially one of the highest coal-pile-to-bus-bar efficiencies and also one of the lowest costs of electricity (COE) of the systems studied. Closed cycle MHD systems may have the potential to approach the efficiency and COE of open cycle MHD. The 1200-1500 F liquid metal MHD systems studied do not appear to have the potential of exceeding the efficiency or competing with the COE of advanced steam plants.
Social Network: a Cytoscape app for visualizing co-authorship networks (2015)

<ns4:p>Networks that represent connections between individuals can be valuable analytic tools. The Social Network Cytoscape app is capable of creating a visual summary of connected individuals automatically. It does this by representing relationships as networks where each node denotes an individual and an edge linking two individuals represents a connection. The app focuses on creating visual summaries of individuals connected by co-authorship links in academia, created from bibliographic databases like PubMed, Scopus and InCites. The resulting co-authorship networks can be visualized and analyzed to better understand collaborative research networks or to communicate the extent of collaboration and publication productivity among a group of researchers, like in a grant application or departmental review report. It can also be useful as a research tool to identify important research topics, researchers and papers in a subject area.</ns4:p>
A novel method for producing partial restriction digestion of DNA fragments by PCR with 5-methyl-CTP (1997)

Partial digestion of DNA fragments is a standard procedure for subcloning analysis and for generating restriction maps. We have developed a novel method to generate a partial digestion for any DNA fragment that can be amplified by PCR. The method involves the incorporation of 5-methyl-dCTP into the PCR product to protect most of the restriction sites. As a result, complete digestion of the modified PCR products with a 5-methyl-dCTP-sensitive enzyme will produce an array of restriction fragments equivalent to a partial restriction enzyme digestion reaction done on unmethylated PCR products. This method reduces the time and material needed to produce partially-digested DNA fragments by traditional methods. Furthermore, using fluorescein-labeled primers in the reaction, we were able to detect the fluorescein-labeled end fragments resulting from the enzyme digestion using a fluorimager or anti-fluorescein-AP antibody and thus determine the restriction maps.