gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Small Bowel Metastatic Melanoma: An Emblematic “Coal-Black” Appearance at Videocapsule Endoscopy (2021)

A 80-year-old woman underwent vulvar melanoma resection and segmental lung resection for pulmonary metastasis. Immunotherapy with Nivolumab was performed. One year later, the patient was admitted for gastrointestinal (GI) recurrent bleeding and severe anemia. Esophagoastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy did not show any abnormality, while videocapsule endoscopy (VCE) revealed an irregular and exophytic whitish area with a "coal-black" central depression. Small bowel resection was performed and histological examination revealed S100 protein strongly positive melanoma metastasis. The patient died six months later from disease progression. A "coal-black" appearance of intestinal metastatic melanoma has been described only twice before this report. In one case the patient had been treated by immunotherapy with interferon A and dendritic cell-based vaccination. In our patient, it is presumable that the picture we observed was a consequence of Nivolumab treatment inducing the disappearance of melanocytes in the area surrounding the metastasis with the onset of the central coal-black lesion encircled by whitish tissue. This picture should be emblematic of intestinal metastatic melanoma in subjects treated with immunotherapy showing occult/obscure bleeding.
Prognostic value of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma and circulating antithyroglobulin autoantibodies (2011)

Negative PET results were associated with the absence of active disease and disappearing TgAb over time. FDG-avid residual lesions were associated with more aggressive disease and persistently increased TgAb.
Oblique incidence interferometry of rough surfaces using a novel Dove-prism spectrometer (1984)

An oblique incidence interferometric method of measuring the surface texture of engineering materials is reported. It utilizes a dove prism as beam splitter and reference surface. Mathematical modeling of the interference pattern is undertaken, and the model experimentally evaluated. This model is then used to measure the surface texture of sample surfaces. Comparison with results from a stylus instrument show both instruments to be compatible. Attempts to use fringe visibility to measure surface texture are reported, but further modeling will be required before this method could be of practical use.
Endobronchial metastasis from extrathoracic malignancies: A clinicopathological study of 11 cases (2019)

Endobronchial metastasis occurs in various types of malignancies. It should always be differentiated from primary lung carcinomas as they carries poor prognosis and different treatment protocol when compared to that of primary lung tumors.
Pulsed Laser Cutting of Magnesium-Calcium for Biodegradable Stents (2016)

There is growing interests in the use of biodegradable magnesium implants for cardiovascular and pulmonary applications such as stents. Magnesium is a metal that has the ability to gradually dissolve and absorb into the human body after implantation. There is very little work discussing the relationship between process parameters and cut quality of magnesium stents by laser cutting. The objective of this research is to determine the effect of laser cutting conditions including peak laser power and cutting speed of a millisecond range pulsed laser on kerf geometry, surface topography, surface roughness, and microstructure. An assessment on the experimental work discussing laser cutting of magnesium alloys is also presented.
Abstract 186: ACE2 Activation Protects Corpus Cavernosum Impairment Induced by Hypercholesterolemia (2013)

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is multicausal disorder strictly associated with cardiovascular diseases. ACE2 is a key enzyme of the renin angiotensin system which plays an essential role in the cardiovascular system; however, the function of this enzyme in erectile tissues has never been investigated. Here we examined the expression of ACE2 in erectile tissues and its protective actions against hypercholesterolemic-induced corpus cavernosum injures. ACE2 expression was evaluated by immunostaining and western blot. Apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE-/-) mice fed with Western-type diet for 11 weeks were treated with DIZE, an ACE2 activator compound, or vehicle during the last 3 weeks. Collagen and reactive oxygen species (ROS) content within the corpus cavernosum (CC) were evaluated by Sirius red and dihydroethidium staining, respectively. Protein expression of nNOS, eNOS, NADPH subunits (p67-phox and p22-phox) was assessed by western blot. Functional studies in CC strips were performed in an isometric organ bath. ACE2 was expressed in smooth muscle and endothelial cells of mouse CC. Interestingly, this enzyme was downregulated in penis from hypercholesterolemic mice. The treatment with DIZE reduced ROS production and NADPH oxidase expression in penis from ApoE-/- mice. Furthermore, DIZE treatment elevated vascular NO production (untreated-ApoE-/-: 11.3±1.1 vs. treated-ApoE-/-: 18.7±4.5, mol/L of serum NO3-) and augmented the expression of nNOS and eNOS in the penis. The NO-dependent relaxation induced by acetylcholine (ACh) was significantly increased in CC strip from DIZE-treated ApoE-/- mice (wild type 53.7%; untreated-ApoE-/- 39.3%; treated-ApoE-/- 52.1%, percentage of relaxation at 1μM of ACh). Additionally, DIZE treatment decreased collagen content within the CC. Of note, these beneficial actions of DIZE on the CC were not associated with changes in atherosclerotic plaque deposition or serum lipid profile. In summary, ACE2 activation attenuated oxidative stress, augmented NO bioavailability and decreased collagen deposition in CC of hypercholesterolemic mice. These results demonstrate that ACE2 is expressed and functional in erectile tissue, suggesting that this enzyme might have significant therapeutic benefits against ED.
Effect of Different Calcination Duration on Physicochemical Properties of Vanadium Phosphate Catalysts (2012)

Vanadium phosphate catalysts have been prepared by calcining VOHPO 4 4·0.5H 2 O which were prepared via two methods i.e. organic (VPO method) and dihydrate (VPD method) routes for different duration under anaerobic atmosphere. Increasing the calcinations duration led to a decrease in total surface area. It is also promote the formation of V 5+ phase in the catalysts. Scanning electron microscopy clearly revealed that the morphologies of all catalysts composed of plate‐like crystallites that were arranged into the characteristic of rosette cluster. However, by increasing the pretreatment duration in an inert environment, the rosette‐shape of the clusters which normally obtained in reaction condition was collapsed. Prolong the duration of N 2 calcination also resulted in an increment in the amount of oxygen desorbed (from O 2 ‐TPD) and removed (obtained from H 2 ‐TPR).
Energy saving in a multi-context coarse grained reconfigurable array with non-volatile flip-flops (2021)

In this study, a second-generation coarse-grained reconfigurable array with non-volatile flip-flops (NVFFs), known as the non-volatile cool mega array with multi-context (NVCMA/MC), is proposed. Similar to the previous NVCMA, verify-and-retriable NVFFs (VR-NVFFs) are provided for their configuration memory, constant memory, data memory, and instruction memory. The dedicated instructions for controlling the store, verify, and restore operations of the NVFFs are provided to the microcontroller in addition to power gating functions. Based on experience of the NVCMA, four hardware contexts are introduced to maintain the configuration data for four tasks, without the sacrifice of memory leakage. The array size is expanded, and pipeline registers are introduced to reduce the trade-off between the performance and power consumption. This study mainly focuses on the energy-saving effect of the VR-NVFFs and the multi-context facility of the NVCMA/MC, including the measurement of the break-even point. The evaluation of a real chip implemented with 40 nm MTJ/MOS hybrid process technology demonstrates that the store energy is reduced by 65% with the two-step store control of the VR-NVFFs. Moreover, applications that run intermittently for intervals as short as approximately 3 μs can benefit from the multi-context power gating.
Effects of kenaf contents and fiber orientation on physical, mechanical, and morphological properties of hybrid laminated composites for vehicle spall liners (2014)

The aim of this work is to study the effect of kenaf volume content and fiber orientation on tensile and flexural properties of kenaf/Kevlar hybrid composites. Hybrid composites were prepared by laminating aramid fabric (Kevlar 29) with kenaf in three orientations (woven, 0 o /90 o cross ply uni‐directional (UD), and non‐woven mat) with different kenaf fiber loadings from 15 to 20% and total fiber loading (Kenaf and Kevlar) of 27–49%. The void content varies between 11.5–37.7% to laminate with UD and non‐woven mat, respectively. The void content in a woven kenaf structure is 16.2%. Tensile and flexural properties of kenaf/Kevlar hybrid composites were evaluated. Results indicate that UD kenaf fibers reinforced composites display better tensile and flexural properties as compared to woven and non‐woven mat reinforced hybrid composites. It is also noticed that increasing volume fraction of kenaf fiber in hybrid composites reduces tensile and flexural properties. Tensile fracture of hybrid composites was morphologically analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM micrographs of Kevlar composite failed in two major modes; fiber fracture by the typical splitting process along with, extensive longitudinal matrix and interfacial shear fracture. UD kenaf structure observed a good interlayer bonding and low matrix cracking/debonding. Damage in composite with woven kenaf shows weak kenaf‐matrix bonding. Composite with kenaf mat contains the high void in laminates and poor interfacial bonding. These results motivate us to further study the potential of using kenaf in woven and UD structure in hybrid composites to improve the ballistic application, for example, vehicle spall‐liner. POLYM. COMPOS., 36:1469–1476, 2015. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers
Grafting the restenosed coronary artery after removal of multiple failed stents by endarterectomy. (2006)

Percutaneous coronary interventions are now being performed more often and with a wider variety of indications than was true even in the recent past. Accordingly, indications for the use of coronary stents have expanded to include diffuse, multiple, bifurcated, and distal vascular lesions. The implantation, by experienced interventional cardiologists, of multiple stents in a single coronary artery is also becoming relatively common. In combination with the natural progression of coronary artery disease, the higher probability of restenosis in previously stented coronary vessels forces cardiac surgeons to intervene more often in such patients. In the presence of one or more stents in the vascular segment intended for bypass, the best approach is not yet clear.
Homeostatic regulation of CD8+ T cells after antigen challenge in the absence of Fas (CD95) (1996)

The role of Fas in the homeostatic regulation of CD8+ T cells after antigen challenge was analyzed in the murine model of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection. Mice homozygous for the lpr mutation and carrying T cell receptor (TCR) alphabeta transgenes specific for the LCMV glycoprotein peptide aa 33-41 in the context of H-2Db were used. Five main results emerged: first, development of lymphadenopathy and of CD4- CD8- double-negative B220+ T cells in lpr mice was not inhibited by the alphabeta TCR transgenes; second, tolerance induction and peripheral deletion of CD8+ T cells induced by LCMV glycoprotein peptide injection was independent of Fas expression; third, clonal down-regulation of Fas-deficient TCR-transgenic CD8+ T cells after acute LCM virus infection was identical to the decline of transgenic T cells expressing Fas; fourth, in vivo activated CD8+ effector T cells from TCR transgenic and TCR-lpr/lpr mice were equally susceptible to activation-induced cell death in vitro; and fifth, transgenic effector T cells from lpr/lpr mice were cleared in the declining phase of the immune response in vivo without giving rise to CD4- CD8- double-negative T cells. Taken together, these data suggest that the homeostatic regulation of CD8+ T cells after antigen challenge in vivo is regulated by mechanisms that do not require Fas.
Bax inhibitor protects against apolipoprotein B-100-induced human motor neuron degeneration in vitro (P10-8.002) (2023)

<h3>Objective:</h3> To investigate whether apolipoprotein B-100 (ApoB) in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (sALS) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) induces motor neuron death through the activation of pro-apoptotic cell death protein Bcl2-associated X-protein (Bax). <h3>Background:</h3> ALS is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor neuron loss. Its sporadic form is the most prevalent, afflicting 90% of those with ALS. We previously showed that ApoB is a neurotoxic protein increased in sALS patient CSF that induces motor neuron degeneration. Mice injected intrathecally with ApoB exhibit the same motor neuron degeneration as those injected with sALS CSF, and cultured human motor neurons treated with pathogenic concentrations of ApoB undergo cell death. As Bax is a common pro-cell death regulator, we investigate in vitro whether ApoB-induced motor neuron death is Bax-dependent. <h3>Design/Methods:</h3> Human iPSC-derived motor neurons were cultured for 8 days, then incubated for 1 hour with 50 μM, 100 μM, or 200 μM Bax-inhibiting peptide V5 (Calbiochem). Motor neurons were then treated with 0.005 ng/μL ApoB. One day after treatment, cells were fixed for ChAT immunocytochemistry. Area of motor neuron clusters was quantified as a measure of motor neuron survival. <h3>Results:</h3> ApoB in sALS CSF induces human motor neuron death in vitro, as shown by significantly smaller ChAT<sup>+</sup> clusters than motor neurons grown in media. However, treatment with the Bax-inhibiting peptide resulted in a dose-dependent protection against ApoB-induced motor neuron death. ChAT<sup>+</sup> cluster size showed a direct positive correlation with Bax inhibitor concentration. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> Our in vitro studies show that ApoB-induced human motor neuron death is mediated by Bax activation, which can be prevented with a Bax inhibitor. This suggests Bax-dependent apoptosis is a likely mechanism of ApoB-induced motor neuron degeneration. Bax inhibitors may have therapeutic value in ALS. <b>Disclosure:</b> Miss Gao has nothing to disclose. Ms. Griffin has nothing to disclose. Dr. Wong has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sadiq has nothing to disclose.
Immobilization of hydrophobic lipase derivatives on to organic polymer beads (1994)

A simple and effective method of lipase immobilization is described. Lipase from Candida rugosa was first modified with several hydrophobic modifiers before being adsorbed on to organic polymer beads. The soluble hydrophobic lipase derivatives adsorbed more strongly on to the various polymers as compared with the native lipase. The optimal adsorption temperature of the native and modified lipases on all the polymers was 40 degrees C. The optimal pH of adsorption was between 6 and 7. Lipase immobilized in this manner produced high catalytic recoveries which are affected by the type of modifiers, degree of modification and type of supports used. Monomethoxypolyethylene glycol (1900) activated with p-nitrophenyl chloroformate was found to be the best modifier of the enzyme at 95% modification, for adsorption to the polymers. Increasing the degree of modification of the enzyme increased the activity which was immobilized. Generally, both native and hydrophobic lipase derivatives showed higher specific activities when immobilized on polar polymers compared with non-polar polymers.
A Data-Mining Model for Protection of FACTS-Based Transmission Line (2013)

This paper presents a data-mining model for fault-zone identification of a flexible ac transmission systems (FACTS)-based transmission line including a thyristor-controlled series compensator (TCSC) and unified power-flow controller (UPFC), using ensemble decision trees. Given the randomness in the ensemble of decision trees stacked inside the random forests model, it provides effective decision on fault-zone identification. Half-cycle postfault current and voltage samples from the fault inception are used as an input vector against target output “1” for the fault after TCSC/UPFC and “ -1” for the fault before TCSC/UPFC for fault-zone identification. The algorithm is tested on simulated fault data with wide variations in operating parameters of the power system network, including noisy environment providing a reliability measure of 99% with faster response time (3/4th cycle from fault inception). The results of the presented approach using the RF model indicate reliable identification of the fault zone in FACTS-based transmission lines.
Suppl Figure and table legends from SRC3 Phosphorylation at Serine 543 Is a Positive Independent Prognostic Factor in ER-Positive Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure and table legends for supplementary data&lt;/p&gt;
Synthesis of Bromophenyl β-D-Glucuronides: Hydrophilic Precursors of Lipophilic Standards in the Analysis of Environmental Polychlorinated Biphenyls (2006)

A rapid PCB-screening protocol, based on a combination of extraction techniques and instrumental nuclear activation analysis (INAA), required water soluble brominated internal standard that undergoes facile hydrolysis to a lipophilic brominated counterpart. Bromophenyl glucuronic acids 2 , 3 , 7 were synthesized for this application. Glucuronic acids 2 and 3 were prepared by bromination of phenyl β-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid in 81 and 54%, respectively, whereas compound 7 was prepared by coupling methyl 2,3,4-tri- O -acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyluronate bromide ( 5 ) with 2,4,6-tribromophenol. Incubation with β-glucuronidase indicated that tribromophenyl derivative 7 is an excellent substrate, with near quantitative conversion to tribromophenol within seconds of incubation with the enzyme.
Semiconductivity in single crystals of bisdimethylglyoximatonickel (1969)

T. W. Thomas and A. E. Underhill, J. Chem. Soc. D, 1969, 725a DOI: 10.1039/C2969000725A
SONIA: A Symmetric Blockwise Truncated Optimization Algorithm (2020)

This work presents a new algorithm for empirical risk minimization. The algorithm bridges the gap between first- and second-order methods by computing a search direction that uses a second-order-type update in one subspace, coupled with a scaled steepest descent step in the orthogonal complement. To this end, partial curvature information is incorporated to help with ill-conditioning, while simultaneously allowing the algorithm to scale to the large problem dimensions often encountered in machine learning applications. Theoretical results are presented to confirm that the algorithm converges to a stationary point in both the strongly convex and nonconvex cases. A stochastic variant of the algorithm is also presented, along with corresponding theoretical guarantees. Numerical results confirm the strengths of the new approach on standard machine learning problems.
S1604-1-1 Measurement of time-averaged pressure distribution on a rotating disk by pressure-sensitive paint (2010)

The PSP technique is a nonintrusive pressure measurement method based on the oxygen quenching of the luminescence of luminophore. Since the PSP measurement is generally affected by temperature changes, it is difficult to precisely measure the pressure on a surface with non-uniform temperature distribution. In this study, we focused on pyrene sulfonic acid (PySO_3H) as a luminophore of PSP. It is known that the PySO_3H has two peaks in the emission spectra which have opposite temperature-dependent properties. Temperature effects can be eliminated by measuring the luminescence at an appropriate wavelength band between these two peaks. We successfully obtained the time-averaged pressure distribution on the rotating disk by the use of PySO_3H. The pressure shows a concentric circle distribution and decreases toward the disk center at every rotational speed (10000-20000rpm). It is also found that the pressure difference between the inner and the outer region of the disk is proportional to the square of the disk angular velocity.
FimH Adhesin of Type 1 Fimbriae Is a Potent Inducer of Innate Antimicrobial Responses Which Requires TLR4 and Type 1 Interferon Signalling (2008)

Components of bacteria have been shown to induce innate antiviral immunity via Toll-like receptors (TLRs). We have recently shown that FimH, the adhesin portion of type 1 fimbria, can induce the innate immune system via TLR4. Here we report that FimH induces potent in vitro and in vivo innate antimicrobial responses. FimH induced an innate antiviral state in murine macrophage and primary MEFs which was correlated with IFN-beta production. Moreover, FimH induced the innate antiviral responses in cells from wild type, but not from MyD88(-/-), Trif(-/-), IFN-alpha/betaR(-/-) or IRF3(-/-) mice. Vaginal delivery of FimH, but not LPS, completely protected wild type, but not MyD88(-/-), IFN-alpha/betaR(-/-), IRF3(-/-) or TLR4(-/-) mice from subsequent genital HSV-2 challenge. The FimH-induced innate antiviral immunity correlated with the production of IFN-beta, but not IFN-alpha or IFN-gamma. To examine whether FimH plays a role in innate immune induction in the context of a natural infection, the innate immune responses to wild type uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) and a FimH null mutant were examined in the urinary tract of C57Bl/6 (B6) mice and TLR4-deficient mice. While UPEC expressing FimH induced a robust polymorphonuclear response in B6, but not TLR4(-/-) mice, mutant bacteria lacking FimH did not. In addition, the presence of TLR4 was essential for innate control of and protection against UPEC. Our results demonstrate that FimH is a potent inducer of innate antimicrobial responses and signals differently, from that of LPS, via TLR4 at mucosal surfaces. Our studies suggest that FimH can potentially be used as an innate microbicide against mucosal pathogens.
Nonlinear Shear Modulus Estimation With Bi-Axial Motion Registered Local Strain (2019)

Nonlinear elasticity imaging provides additional information about tissue behavior that is potentially diagnostic and avoids errors inherent in applying a linear elastic model to tissue under large strains. Nonlinear elasticity imaging is challenging to perform due to the large deformations required to obtain sufficient tissue strain to elicit nonlinear behavior. This work uses a method of axial and lateral displacement tracking to estimate local axial strain with simultaneous measurement of shear modulus at multiple compression levels. By following the change in apparent shear modulus and the stress deduced from the strain maps, we are able to accurately quantify nonlinear shear modulus (NLSM). We have validated our technique with a mechanical NLSM measurement system. Our results demonstrate that 2-D tracking provides more consistent NLSM estimates than those obtained by 1-D (axial) tracking alone, especially where lateral motion is significant. The elastographic contrast-to-noise ratio in heterogeneous phantoms was 12.5%-60% higher using our method than that of 1-D tracking. Our method is less susceptible to mechanical variations, with deviations in mean elastic values of 2%-4% versus 5%-37% for 1-D tracking.
Ursula Wingate. The Effectiveness of Different Learner Dictionaries: An Investigation into the Use of Dictionaries for Reading Comprehension by Intermediate Learners of German. (2011)

Unlike the long tradition of EFL dictionaries, German learners' dictionaries are quite recent and were first marketed in the 1990s. Ursula Wingate's book is quite unique, since studies in German learners' dictionaries are very few, as is empirical research conducted in dictionary use.