gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Modeling of the Da Vinci Research Kit Arm for the Estimation of Interaction Wrench (2019)

The commercialized version of the da Vinci robot currently lacks of the haptic feedback to the master arm. Thus, the surgeon has no haptic sense and relies only on the visual feedback. For this reason, in the recent research activities using the da Vinci Research Kit (dVRK) platform, the reflection of the interaction force between the slave tool and the environment to the master manipulator is a topic of high interest. In this work a sensorless model-based approach for contact force and torque estimation is presented and validated. The dynamics of the dVRK slave arm is modeled and its parameters are identified. The idea is to use the joint torques obtained from the measured motor currents and to subtract the torques resulting from the dynamics of the robot arm. The resulting torques are therefore only due to the external forces and torques acting on the tool, which are then obtained through the inverse transpose of the Jacobian matrix. The accuracy of this method is assessed by comparing the estimated wrench to the one measured by a force/torque sensor (ATI mini 45). It is shown that the external wrench is well estimated compared to the measured one.
Capillary electrophoresis separation of human milk neutral and acidic oligosaccharides derivatized with 2‐aminoacridone (2013)

Human milk is a unique fluid in glycobiology due to the presence of many free structurally complex oligosaccharides emerging as important dietary factors during early life and having many biological and protective functions. Methods that allow accurate profiling of oligosaccharide mixtures in this complex biological fluid with quantification of the four known genetically determined groups are welcomed. A high-voltage CE separation and detection at 254 nm of 17 neutral and acidic human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) standard along with lactose derivatized with 2-aminoacridone, using a BGE containing 20% methanol as an organic modifier and borate, able to form on-capillary anionic borate-polyol complexes, is reported. This CE approach was able to separate both neutral HMOs and acidic HMOs, with the sialic acid residue, also in the presence of lactose in high content. This method was applied to the four secretory groups individually extracted by a rapid and simple preparative step. LODs were found ranging from ∼50 to 700 fmol. We were able to measure HMO content also in the presence of excess fluorophore, or interference from proteins, peptides, salts, and other impurities normally present in this complex biological fluid. Overall, CE equipped with a UV detector is a common analytical approach and this simple CE separation offers high resolution and sensitivity for the differentiation of human milk samples related to genetic groups and days of lactation by considering that important changes in HMO content are a reflection of the lactation day.
Characteristics of parturients who choose to deliver without Analgesia (1999)

The purpose of the study was to characterize parturients who prefer to deliver without the use of analgesia. The study population consisted of 446 consecutive low risk laboring women in early active stage of labor. Data were collected prospectively by an obstetrician, using a structured questionnaire. The degree of pain was assessed by using a visual analog scale (VAS). An obstetrician and a midwife together estimated the degree of pain as was exhibited by the parturients, using the same scale. Univariate analysis found women who undertake labor without analgesia to be significantly older, with higher birth order, of Bedouin ethnicity and to be of lower educational level than those taking analgesics during labor. Women who refused analgesia had experienced and apparently expressed lower degrees of pain (mean VAS score = 7.4 and 6.7, respectively) than those who consented to analgesia (mean VAS score = 8.6 and 8.0, respectively; p < 0.001). A multiple logistic regression model found only the severity of pain (odds ratio (OR) = 0.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.51-0.88; p = 0.004), as well as high maternal age (OR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.16-2.04; p = 0.038) to be independent factors affecting the decision not to accept analgesia during labor. In conclusion, parturients refusing analgesia were older and had experienced less pain during labor than women using analgesia.
Pulse : Public ignorant about telemedicine, survey finds (2001)

A recent PricewaterhouseCoopers survey (HealthInsiders, Fall/Winter 2000) found that fewer than one-third (29.0%) of respondents knew that videoconferencing could be used to conduct medical tests and make diagnoses. The survey, in which a representative sample of 2592 Canadians aged 15 and older were quizzed about their knowledge of and attitudes toward telemedicine, also found that only 26.1% of respondents were familiar with the concept of dispensing medical advice and assessments by videoconferencing. 

Nearly one-quarter (24.2%) of respondents had heard of robotic surgery, while 18.2% were familiar with the practice of disease monitoring by telephone or the Internet. However, only 12.3% of respondents had heard of teletriage, in which a health care professional advises a person whether or not to seek emergency or other medical care. Canadians' actual experience with telemedicine is very limited. For instance, teletriage is the most frequently encountered type of service, but only 2.7% of respondents had experienced it. Women and people with children under 16 were more likely to have used this type of service.

Although almost half of respondents (43.2%) indicated that they would be somewhat or very comfortable receiving medical advice and being diagnosed by a doctor who is not in the same room, only 27.1% were comfortable with the possibility of undergoing a medical procedure via telemedicine technology. 

When asked to name the most important benefit of telemedicine, 30.8% cited international cooperation, with doctors in different countries exchanging support and advice. Almost one-quarter (23.8%) thought the most important benefit was the possibility of more equal access to health care services for all Canadians. 

The greatest concern about telemedicine involved responsibility and liability for malpractice and errors, with 87.8% of respondents indicating that they were very or somewhat concerned. Almost three-quarters (72.1%) said they were very or somewhat concerned about differences in rules and regulations for the provision of health care among countries or provinces.
Graph Information Ratio (2017)

We introduce the notion of information ratio Ir$(H/G)$ between two (simple, undirected) graphs $G$ and $H$, defined as the supremum of ratios $k/n$ such that there exists a mapping between the strong products $G^k$ to $H^n$ that preserves nonadjacency. Operationally speaking, the information ratio is the maximal number of source symbols per channel use that can be reliably sent over a channel with a confusion graph $H$, where reliability is measured w.r.t. a source confusion graph $G$. Various results are provided, including, in particular, lower and upper bounds on Ir$(H/G)$ in terms of different graph properties, inequalities, and identities for behavior under strong product and disjoint union, relations to graph cores, and notions of graph criticality. Informally speaking, Ir$(H/G)$ can be interpreted as a measure of similarity between $G$ and $H$. We make this notion precise by introducing the concept of information equivalence between graphs, a more quantitative version of homomorphic equivalence. We then describe a natural partial ordering over the space of information equivalence classes, and endow it with a suitable metric structure that is contractive under the strong product. Various examples and open problems are discussed.
Renal handling of Zn-alpha2-glycoprotein as compared with that of albumin and the retinol-binding protein. (1976)

An unusual electrophoretic pattern of the urine from a patient with malignant lymphoma was observed. One of the major proteins, identified Zn-alpha2-glycoprotein (Zn-alpha2), was isolated from the urine and partly characterized. The Stokes radius was found to be 3.24 nm and the molecular weight, determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide electrophoresis, 42,000. The plasma level in healthy individuals was 39 +/- 7 (SD) mg/liter. In 12 of 25 healthy individuals, Zn-alpha2 was measurable in the urine and was found to be 1.0 +/- 1.1 mg/liter. In 23 patients with chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN), in 9 with proximal tubular dysfunction (PTD), in 23 with various renal diseases (VRD), and in 10 with malignant lymphoma, the plasma level and the urinary excretion were compared with those of albumin (mol wt 67,000) and of the retinol-binding protein (RBP, mol wt 21,000). A close correlation was found between the urine-to-plasma (U/P) ratios of Zn-alpha2 and albumin in the patients with CGN, whereas in the PTD patients the U/P ratios of Zn-alpha2 and RBP were correlated. No significant renal arteriovenous difference in Zn-alpha2 could be demonstrated. The Zn-alpha2 excretion was increased also in two patients with malignant lymphoma and proteinuria of a tubular pattern. The plasma Zn-alpha2 varied inversely with the glomerular filtration rate in the patients with renal disease, but was normal in those with malignant lymphoma. The results are consistent with the assumption of a sieving coefficient of Zn-alpha2, substantially exceeding that of albumin, but notably lower than that of smaller low-molecular-weight proteins. An increased excretion of Zn-alpha2 may be due to increased glomerular permeability as well as to defective proximal tubular reabsorption.
ORCA3, a Jasmonate-Responsive Transcriptional Regulator of Plant Primary and Secondary Metabolism (2000)

Biosynthesis of many classes of secondary metabolites in plants is induced by the stress hormone jasmonate. The gene for ORCA3, a jasmonate-responsive APETALA2 (AP2)-domain transcription factor from Catharanthus roseus, was isolated by transferred DNA activation tagging. Orca3 overexpression resulted in enhanced expression of several metabolite biosynthetic genes and, consequently, in increased accumulation of terpenoid indole alkaloids. Regulation of metabolite biosynthetic genes by jasmonate-responsive AP2-domain transcription factors may link plant stress responses to changes in metabolism.
Advances in POST2 End-to-End Descent and Landing Simulation for the ALHAT Project (2008)

Program to Optimize Simulated Trajectories II (POST2) is used as a basis for an end-to-end descent and landing trajectory simulation that is essential in determining design and integration capability and system performance of the lunar descent and landing system and environment models for the Autonomous Landing and Hazard Avoidance Technology (ALHAT) project. The POST2 simulation provides a six degree-of-freedom capability necessary to test, design and operate a descent and landing system for successful lunar landing. This paper presents advances in the development and model-implementation of the POST2 simulation, as well as preliminary system performance analysis, used for the testing and evaluation of ALHAT project system models.
Vielfach überbrückte aromatische Verbindungen, VIII. Durch dreifache Verklammerung erzwungene Triphenylbenzol‐und Triphenylmethan‐„Dimere” (1977)

Abstract Neuartige makropolycyclische, dreifach durch CH 2 SCH 2 ‐Brücken verklammerte Trithiaphane 1a–3a werden unter Anwendung spezieller Verdünnungstechniken synthetisiert. Der Abbau der Cyclen 1a und 2a führt zu den entsprechenden gespannten [2.2.2] Phan‐Kohlenwasserstoffen 5, 6, 8 und 9 . Die Triphenylbenzenophane 4b–e werden mit 4–5% Ausbeute in jeweils fünf molekulare Teilstücke verknüpfenden Zweikomponenten‐Verdünnungsprinzip‐Reaktionen aus 16b und entsprechenden 1,ω‐Dimercaptoalkanen synthetisiert. — Mit Hilfe der NMR‐ und UV‐Spektren werden 5, 6, 8 und 9 insbesondere im Hinblick auf sterische und elektronische transanulare Wechselwirkungen untersucht; nach 1 H‐ und 13 C‐NMR‐Befunden liegen die Triphenylmethan‐Kohlenwasserstoffe 6 und 9 als konformativ starre Propellermoleküle der Symmetrie D 3 , vor.
Fully coupled electromechanical elastodynamic model for guided wave propagation analysis (2013)

Physics-based computational models play a key role in the study of wave propagation for structural health monitoring and the development of improved damage detection methodologies. Due to the complex nature of guided waves, accurate and efficient computation tools are necessary to investigate the mechanisms responsible for dispersion, coupling, and interaction with damage. In this article, a fully coupled electromechanical elastodynamic model for wave propagation in a heterogeneous, anisotropic material system is developed. The final framework provides the full three-dimensional displacement and electrical potential fields for arbitrary plate and transducer geometries and excitation waveform and frequency. The model is validated theoretically and proven computationally efficient. Studies are performed with surface-bonded piezoelectric sensors to gain insight into the physics of experimental techniques used for structural health monitoring. Collocated actuation of the fundamental Lamb wave modes is modeled over a range of frequencies to demonstrate mode tuning capabilities. The displacement of the sensing surface is compared to the piezoelectric sensor electric potential to investigate the relationship between plate displacement and sensor voltage output. Since many studies, including the ones investigated in this article, are difficult to perform experimentally, the developed model provides a valuable tool for the improvement of structural health monitoring techniques.
An overnight chill induces a delayed inhibition of photosynthesis at midday in mango (Mangifera indica L.) (2000)

The effect of a cold night on photosynthesis in herbaceous chilling-sensitive crops, like tomato, has been extensively studied and is well characterized. This investigation examined the behaviour of the sub-tropical fruit tree, mango, to enable comparison with these well-studied systems. Unlike tomato, chilling between 5 degrees C and 7 degrees C overnight produced no significant inhibition of light-saturated CO(2) assimilation (A:) during the first hours following rewarming, measured either under controlled environment conditions or in the field. By midday, however, there was a substantial decline in A:, which could not be attributed to photoinhibition of PSII, but rather was associated with an increase in stomatal limitation of A: and lower Rubisco activity. Overnight chilling of tomato can cause severe disruption in the circadian regulation of key photosynthetic enzymes and is considered to be a major factor underlying the dysfunction of photosynthesis in chilling-sensitive herbaceous plants. Examination of the gas exchange of mango leaves maintained under constant conditions for 2 d, demonstrated that large depressions in A: during the subjective night were primarily the result of stomatal closure. Chilling did not disrupt the ability of mango leaves to produce a circadian rhythm in stomatal conductance. Rather, the midday increase in stomatal limitation of A: appeared to be the result of altered guard cell sensitivity to CO(2) following the dark chill.
Classification of Multiple DNA Dyes Based on Inhibition Effects on Real-Time Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP): Prospect for Point of Care Setting (2019)

LAMP has received great interest and it is widely utilized in life sciences for nucleic acid analysis. To monitor a real-time LAMP assay, fluorescence DNA dye is an indispensable component and therefore the selection of a suitable dye for real-time LAMP is a need. For the selection, we investigated the inhibition effects of twenty-three DNA dyes on real-time LAMP. Threshold time (Tt) value of each real-time LAMP was determined and used as an indicator of the inhibition effect. Based on the inhibition effects, the dyes were classified into four groups: 1) non-inhibition effect, 2) medium inhibition effect, 3) high inhibition effect, and 4) total inhibition. The signal to noise ratio (SNR) and the limit of detection (LOD) of the dyes in groups 1, 2 and 3 were further investigated, and possible inhibition mechanism of the DNA dyes on the real-time LAMP was suggested and discussed. Of the 23 dyes tested, SYTO 9, SYTO 82, SYTO 16, SYTO 13, and Miami Yellow are the best dyes with no inhibitory effect, low LOD and high SNR in the real-time LAMP reactions. The classification of the dyes will simplify the selection of fluorescence dye for real-time LAMP assays in point of care setting.
Atheroma-Specific Lipids in ldlr–/– and apoe–/– Mice Using 2D and 3D Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging (2020)

Atherosclerosis is the major contributor to cardiovascular diseases. It is a spatially and temporally complex inflammatory disease, in which intravascular accumulation of a plethora of lipids is considered to play a crucial role. To date, both the composition and local distribution of the involved lipids have not been thoroughly mapped yet. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) enables analyzing and visualizing hundreds of lipid molecules within the plaque while preserving each lipid's specific location. In this study, we aim to identify and verify aortic plaque-specific lipids with high-spatial-resolution 2D and 3D MALDI-MSI common to high-fat-diet-fed low-density lipoprotein receptor deficient (<i>ldlr</i><sup><i>-/-</i></sup>) mice and chow-fed apolipoprotein E deficient (<i>apoe</i><sup>-/-</sup>) mice, the two most widely used animal models for atherosclerosis. A total of 11 lipids were found to be significantly and specifically colocalized to the plaques in both mouse models. These were identified and belong to one sphingomyelin (SM), three lysophosphatidic acids (LPA), four lysophosphatidylcholines (LPC), two lysophosphatidylethanolamines (LPE), and one lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI). While these lysolipids and SM 34:0;2 were characteristic of the atherosclerotic aorta plaque itself, LPI 18:0 was mainly localized in the necrotic core of the plaque.
Shape selection of twist-nematic-elastomer ribbons (2011)

How microscopic chirality is reflected in macroscopic scale to form various chiral shapes, such as straight helicoids and spiral ribbons, and how the degree of macroscopic chirality can be controlled are a focus of studies on the shape formation of many biomaterials and supramolecular systems. This article investigates both experimentally and theoretically how the chiral arrangement of liquid crystal mesogens in twist-nematic-elastomer films induces the formation of helicoids and spiral ribbons because of the coupling between the liquid crystalline order and the elasticity. It is also shown that the pitch of the formed ribbons can be tuned by temperature variation. The results of this study will facilitate the understanding of physics for the shape formation of chiral materials and the designing of new structures on basis of microscopic chirality.
Endoscopic sinus surgery: where we are-and where we're going (2005)

Endoscopic sinus surgery is no longer exclusively for the management of chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyposis. Sinonasal malignancies, as well as anterior skull base lesions have become part of the rhinologist's responsibility. Furthermore, selective lesions managed through traditional craniotomies may now be accessed via trans-sinonasal transcranial endoscopic routes.
Hot topics in animal bioacoustics (1995)

The field of animal bioacoustics is a diverse one involving a wide variety of species varying from insects and birds to terrestrial and aquatic animals. Some of the interesting research being performed with different species will be highlighted. Recent research has uncovered a possible new mechanism for sound localization in the parasoidal fly. Acoustics is being used to solve agricultural problems associated with insects. The U.S. Air Force is conducting a comprehensive program to study the effects of loud sounds and noise on different birds and terrestrial mammals. The availability of the U.S. Navy Integrated Undersea Surveillance System for detecting, localizing, and tracking whales has contributed significantly in the understanding of the seasonal distribution and movements of these large mammals. The ATOC program has generated considerable controversy on the possible effects of the ATOC source on marine animals. Several research programs have been initiated to investigate this particular issue.
Polymorphism in 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene Crystallized from Solution (2001)

An examination has been made of the role of solvent type in the definition of the polymorphic nature of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene precipitated from solution. A combination of calorimetric and structural techniques including in situ crystallization studies using synchrotron radiation has shown that the variations in polymorphic form following precipitation from solution do not arise specifically from any stereospecific guidance that the nature of the solvent might impose on the structural form. Rather the differences are linked to the variations in solubility and hence supersaturation which might build up prior to nucleation and growth and to the isolation of the metastable orthorhombic phase from the solvent. The final conclusion is that the changes fit well with Ostwald's Law of Stages with the orthorhombic form always precipitating initially followed by its conversion to the stable monoclinic form. The previously observed tendency for some solvents to yield one or the other form then becomes attributable to kinetics in solution rather than structural control. It can be associated with the solubility of the material in the solvent used and the role of this factor in a solvent-mediated phase transformation. On this basis rules can be formulated for the isolation of the metastable forms of this and similarly related polymorphic systems.
Inactivation of blasticidin S by Bacillus cereus. I. Inactivation mechanism. (1987)

抄録
ORAK HÜCRE ANEMİSİ TANILI PEDİATRİK BİR OLGU İLE TİPİK GELİŞİM GÖSTEREN BİR ÇOCUĞUN FONKSİYONEL MOBİLİTE, YORGUNLUK VE AĞRI DÜZEYLERİNİN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI (2020)

Orak hucre anemisi (OHA), patofizyolojik surecler nedeniyle yorgunluk ve agri gibi birtakim klinik semptomlara neden olan kronik bir hastaliktir. Hastalarda yorgunluk ve agri, fiziksel aktivitede kisitliliklara neden olmaktadir ve bunun sonucunda, hastanin fonksiyonel kapasitesi olumsuz yonde etkilenmektedir. Bu olgu sunumunda OHA tanili, 6 yas 10 aylik bir kiz cocugu ile 6 yas 11 aylik tipik gelisim gosteren bir kiz cocugu fonksiyonel mobilite, yorgunluk ve agri acisindan karsilastirilmistir. Fonksiyonel mobilite, yorgunluk ve agri sirasi ile Sureli Kalk ve Yuru Testi (TUG), Cocuklar icin Yasam Kalitesi Olcegi-Cok Yonlu Yorgunluk Skalasi (PedsQL-MFS) ve Wong-Baker Yuz Agri Olcegi (WBS) kullanilarak degerlendirilmistir. OHA tanili cocukta hemoglobin ve eritrosit degerleri normal deger araligindan daha dusuktu ve sirasiyla 7.4 g/dL ve 2.23*106/μL olarak kaydedildi. Hemoglobin S yuzdesi ise %61.1 idi. OHA tanili cocuk TUG testini 6.46 saniyede tamamladi. PedsQL-MFS’nin alt parametreleri olan genel yorgunluk, uykudaki/dinlenmedeki yorgunluk ve bilissel yorgunluk puanlari sirasiyla 50, 50, 75 olarak kaydedildi. OHA tanili cocuk herhangi bir kriz yasamadigi gunlerdeki agri siddetini 4, agri krizi sirasindaki agri siddetini 8 olarak puanladi. Tipik gelisim gosteren cocukta ise herhangi bir agri semptomu gozlenmemistir. OHA tanili cocukta, tipik gelisim gosteren cocuga gore boy uzunlugu, vucut agirligi, vucut kutle indeksi ve fonksiyonel mobilitenin daha dusuk, yorgunluk ve agri duzeyinin daha yuksek oldugu tespit edilmistir. OHA’daki patofizyolojik surec sonucunda hastada gorulen semptomlarin fizyoterapi acisindan cok boyutlu olarak degerlendirilmesinin, OHA tanili cocukta fonksiyonelligin optimal duzeyde olmasi acisindan yol gosterici olacagi dusunulmektedir.