gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Allelochemicals as Bioherbicides — Present and Perspectives (2013)

Since the first implementation of synthetic herbicides in crop protection systems, weeds have continuously developed resistance. As a main reason of such evolution, long-lasting exploi‐ tation of herbicides with one target site in plants is considered. This has been the case with the first widely-used triazine herbicides, photosynthesis inhibitors, which have effectively eliminated a wide range of weeds. Unfortunately, inappropriate adjustment of herbicides to weed species occupying fields, application of herbicides at the incorrect developmental stage and in unsuitable weather conditions have contributed to the accumulation of active com‐ pounds in the soil, accumulation of weed species and acceleration evolution of resistant biotypes [1]. To date, there have been 211 species and 393 biotypes of herbicide resistant weeds identified [2]. Most of them are resistant to B, C1 and A groups of herbicides, inhibitors of: acetolactate synthase (ALS), photosystem II and acetyl CoA carboxylase, respectively. Ten species pose the biggest threat for crops due to causing yield losses, including the most important herbicide-resistant species which are characterized by multiple resistances: rigid ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud.), wild oat (Avena fatua L.) and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.).
A 0.0308mm2 4.15pJ/conv VCO-Based Current Sensing Front-End with 2nd-Order Δ2 ΔΣ Modulation (2022)

A photocurrent sensor with a wide dynamic range (DR) and high resolution is crucial in many biosensing applications [1] –[4]. In particular, the implantable recording device for monitoring neural activities in vivo through fluorescence [2] has strict power and area constraints. A conventional current sensing front-end adopts $\text{a}\Delta \Sigma$ modulator with various quantizers to achieve high-resolution [1], [3] –[6]. However, an analog loop filter and multi-bit DAC consume high power and occupy a large active area. Recently, the $\Delta - \Delta \Sigma$ structure has been reported to relax the requirements of the $\Delta \Sigma$ modulator by reducing input amplitude [7]. Still, it suffers from static power and degraded resolution by DAC noise. $\text{A}\Delta \Sigma$ modulator with a VCO-based quantizer (VCOQ) reduces static power consumption and realizes an area-efficient structure, but it does not address the noise of the DAC [8]. This paper presents $\text{a}2 ^{nd} -$order $\Delta^{2}- \Delta \Sigma$ modulator based on a VCOQ with a PWM I-DAC for the precise acquisition of incoming current in an area- and energy-efficient form factor. The proposed $\Delta^{2}$ signal produced by $\text{a}2 ^{nd} -$order IIR-filter substantially attenuates the magnitude of input signals, enhancing the linearity and DR. A differentiator followed by the VCOQ with a passive integrator configures an additional $\Delta \Sigma$ modulator, increasing noise shaping order without a feedback loop. In addition, the PWM I-DAC substituting the multi-bit I-DAC is devised to mitigate noise further, realizing the high resolution of 1 pA with 500-Hz bandwidth.
Heck Cross‐Coupling of Aryldiazonium Tetrafluoroborate with Acrylates Catalyzed by Palladium on Charcoal (2008)

Abstract A property‐activity relationship study of various palladium supported on charcoal (Pd/C) catalysts has been undertaken for the Heck reaction of aryldiazonium tetrafluoroborate with acrylates. The optimized protocol enables the cross‐coupling with a low loading of palladium at room temperature in technical grade methanol. Although the catalyst could not be recycled at this time, measurement of the palladium content by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) shows low palladium contamination of the solvent and product, rendering this method safer for the environment compared to homogeneous conditions.
Variability of deviation functions and ease of interpolation for Pt-based thermocouples (1998)

The deviation functions for thermocouples, representing the difference between thermocouple emf and the corresponding reference function, are examined using data on 367 thermocouples of types R and S, submitted for calibration over the period 1984 to 1996. Calibrations were conducted with the CSIRO National Measurement Laboratory (NML) calibration facility, which thermoelectrically scans the wires, automatically collects comparison data to 1100 °C and incorporates data from the melting point of palladium. It is shown that deviation functions are well behaved, changing gradually with temperature, and that relatively accurate calibrations may be carried out with few calibration temperatures. For example, a calibration to ~1064 °C may rely on two fixed points, those of aluminium and gold, and a calibration to 1550 °C on three fixed points, those of Al, Au and Pd. Such an approach is feasible for Pt-based thermocouples because linear interpolation over temperature intervals of ~500 °C contributes no more than about 3 µV to the expanded uncertainty of calibration.
The 2nd Generation DC All-Electric Subsea Production Control System (2011)

Abstract With the successful operation of the first All-Electric Production Control System this technology continues to proven its advantages. With a system availability of well above 99.9 % (status Dec, 2010), initial development targets have been significantly exceeded. While this pilot system further continues to gain field experience, the development of the 2nd generation DC All-Electric Subsea Production Control System already is in its final stages. A mature development initiative planting the design on the successful and field proven CameronDC™ System has been initiated. Key target was a further simplification of the system architecture and an implementation of a state of the art fiber optics communication while maintaining commercial feasibility. As a result the advantages of the DC All-Electric technology such as environmental friendliness, improved reliability &amp; availability and real time feedback are combined with the advantage of a high speed communication using fiber optic in one Production Control System concept. Naturally, relevant standards including API 17N have been considered as part of this development initiative. The 2nd generation DC All-Electric Subsea Production Control System represents state of the art technology in several aspects. High voltage transmission enables significant step-out distances. The available high bandwidth enables a transfer of large data amounts even for complex field architectures. Functionalities to control subsea actuators have been expanded. The already applied performance assessment approach enabling incipient failure detection has been maintained. Discussing the operational feedback as well the development targets this paper will introduce the concept of the 2nd generation DC All-Electric Subsea Production Control System and address its inherent advantages. The qualification strategy will be outlined. It also will describe the experience gained during the development.
Measurement of liver volumes by portal vein flow by Doppler ultrasound in living donor liver transplantation (2017)

Doppler US-PV flow can effectively estimate right/left liver volume ratio in initial donor investigation. However, Doppler US-PV flow is not accurate in assessing donors with <30% remnant liver volume and in estimating actual graft weight.
Quantitative Criteria for Predicting Thyroplasty Type I Outcome (1996)

The purpose of this study was to ascertain the relation between preoperative glottal gap and postoperative vocal function in thyroplasty type I. Twenty-two of 64 patients who underwent thyroplasty type I between 1987 and 1994 were studied. In preoperative digitized laryngostroboscopic images, the glottal-gap, width (GGW), shape, and area were examined at the maximum closure of vibration and normalized by membranous vocal-fold length (MVFL). Postoperative vocal function analysis was performed with aerodynamic and acoustic measurements and compared with preoperative videostroboscopic images. In patients with preoperative posterior GGW of less than 10% of MVFL, postoperative vocal function was significantly better than in other patients. Although thyroplasty type I is an excellent medialization technique, it may need to be combined with a posterior closure procedure in patients with large posterior gaps.
Influence of Parmigiano Reggiano Diet on Male Sexual Behavior in Rats: Behavioral and Neurochemical Study (2012)

The influence of Parmigiano Reggiano (P.R.) cheese on copulatory behavior was studied in male rats. Sexually naїve, sluggish and potent rats were chronically fed with a diet of P.R. cheese for 10 d. Mount, intromission, ejaculation latencies and the percentage of mounting and ejaculating animals were recorded during the mating test. Microdialysis technique was used to detect the extracellular levels of dopamine (DA) and its metabolite dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) in rat brain following the P.R. diet. The P.R. diet was able to improve sexual behavior in naїve rats increasing the percentage of mounting and ejaculating animals. Moreover it was able to reduce latencies of mounts, intromissions and ejaculations and to increase the percentage of mounting and ejaculating animals in sluggish rats. Finally, in the microdialysis study an increase in DA and its metabolite DOPAC was found in P.R. fed naїve rats in comparison with control group.
Dynamic hyaluronic acid hydrogel with covalent linked gelatin as an anti-oxidative bioink for cartilage tissue engineering (2021)

In the past decade, cartilage tissue engineering has arisen as a promising therapeutic option for degenerative joint diseases, such as osteoarthritis, in the hope of restoring the structure and physiological functions. Hydrogels are promising biomaterials for developing engineered scaffolds for cartilage regeneration. However, hydrogel-delivered mesenchymal stem cells or chondrocytes could be exposed to elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the inflammatory microenvironment after being implanted into injured joints, which may affect their phenotype and normal functions and thereby hinder the regeneration efficacy. To attenuate ROS induced side effects, a multifunctional hydrogel with an innate anti-oxidative ability was produced in this study. The hydrogel was rapidly formed through a dynamic covalent bond between phenylboronic acid grafted hyaluronic acid (HA-PBA) and poly(vinyl alcohol) and was further stabilized through a secondary crosslinking between the acrylate moiety on HA-PBA and the free thiol group from thiolated gelatin. The hydrogel is cyto-compatible and injectable and can be used as a bioink for 3D bioprinting. The viscoelastic properties of the hydrogels could be modulated through the hydrogel precursor concentration. The presence of dynamic covalent linkages contributed to its shear-thinning property and thus good printability of the hydrogel, resulting in the fabrication of a porous grid construct and a meniscus like scaffold at high structural fidelity. The bioprinted hydrogel promoted cell adhesion and chondrogenic differentiation of encapsulated rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells. Meanwhile, the hydrogel supported robust deposition of extracellular matrix components, including glycosaminoglycans and type II collagen, by embedded mouse chondrocytes<i>in vitro</i>. Most importantly, the hydrogel could protect encapsulated chondrocytes from ROS induced downregulation of cartilage-specific anabolic genes (ACAN and COL2) and upregulation of a catabolic gene (MMP13) after incubation with H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. Furthermore, intra-articular injection of the hydrogel in mice revealed adequate stability and good biocompatibility<i>in vivo</i>. These results demonstrate that this hydrogel can be used as a novel bioink for the generation of 3D bioprinted constructs with anti-ROS ability to potentially enhance cartilage tissue regeneration in a chronic inflammatory and elevated ROS microenvironment.
Azimuthal Variation of the Emissivity of Foam From C and X Band Polarimetric Measurements (2006)

Sea foam increases surface emission and brightness temperature at microwave frequencies. Together with the surface roughness, it is a key component of the signal used to obtain surface wind vector with satellite-borne radiometric and polarimetric instruments. Current knowledge of foam emissivity, however, is incomplete, particularly in regard to azimuthal effects. Since breaking waves on the open ocean are intermittent and highly variable, radiometric measurements of reproducible breaking waves were performed in an outdoor salt water wave tank in 2002 and 2004. The wave tank was configured to create foam-producing breaking waves using an underwater shoaling beach. Four radiometers, operating at frequencies of 6.8, 10.8, 18.7, and 37 GHz, were positioned at several incidence angles and azimuth look angles to record microwave emission from the breaking waves. A bore-sighted video camera recorded images of foam fraction within radiometers footprints. Auxiliary information on the wave field and breaking events (such as void fraction, bubble size spectrum, foam layer thickness, wave height, and subsurface turbulent dissipation) was provided by a suite of additional instruments. The results of wave tank measurements of the azimuthal dependence of foam emissivity at 6.8 and 10.8 GHz are presented, and possible contributors to the observed azimuthal changes of foam emissivity are discussed
Luminescence from Neptunyl(VI) Species in Solution (2007)

The luminescence from the neptunyl(VI) ion and its polyoxometallate complexes has been investigated in solution for the first time. Emission occurs in the near-IR and is quenched effectively by O−H oscillators in the hydrated ion. The polyoxometallate complexes exclude solvent from the neptunyl coordination sphere and have much more intense and longer-lived emission spectra.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of 1,1,2‐Trifluoro‐2‐hexafluoro‐2′‐(heptafluoropropoxy)‐propoxyethylene with Amines or Alcohols. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Hostile Hemodynamics in Distal Stent Graft–Induced New Entry Prior to Aortic Rupture: A Comparison of Transient versus Steady-State CFD Simulations (2023)

Steady-flow CFD simulations feasible at clinical time scales prior to aortic rupture reveal a hostile hemodynamic environment at the dSINE rupture site in agreement with lengthy transient simulations. Consequently, our developed approach may be of value in treatment planning where a fast assessment of the local hemodynamic environment is essential.
Special Section Guest Editorial: Machine Vision: Processing, Components, and Systems (2014)

Richard KleihorstXetal NVBoeimeerstraat 1A2820 Bonheiden, BelgiumandGhent UniversityKrijgslaan 2819000 Gent, BelgiumE-mail: richard@xetal.euHideo SaitoKeio UniversityDepartment of Information and Computer Science3-14-1 Hiyoshi Kohoku-kuYokohama, Kanagawa, JapanE-mail: saito@hvrl.ics.keio.ac.jpComputer vision is a highly regarded science that obtainsinformation or measurements, and improves storage effi-ciency from images. Sufficient computing possibilities arenow found in industrial setups, surveillance, and even con-sumer markets, allowing both image/video capture andreal-time processing. Instead of producing another imageor video, data is produced that influences decisions. Smartcameras are found when the system is completely self-con-tained. The particular challenge of vision systems andsmart cameras is the demand for multiskill: a vision systemneeds hardware, (embedded) software, optics, communica-tion means, communication protocols, a (efficient) power sup-ply, and last but not least, it has to run algorithms to performan application. In an aim to bring together the various skills,processing, and components that are needed for vision sys-tems, we organized this Special Section on Machine Vision:Processing, Components, and Systems.In this special section of Optical Engineering, nine papershave been accepted by the peer-review procedure. Thosenine papers explore the current state of the art in sensingand recognition technologies of machine vision. This areais still developing based on the recent progress of imagingdevices and collection of real data in computer networks.We are sure that the research efforts in this area will stronglycontribute to innovations in daily human life and industry.We would like to express our sincere thanks to all thereviewers who have evaluated the submissions with high-quality expertise and have provided constructive commentstoallthesubmittedpaperstoimprovethepresentedresearch.
Practitioner variability effects on dentin bonding with an acetone-based one-bottle adhesive. (1999)

Application of the one-bottle adhesive is technique-sensitive and requires meticulous attention to the instructions.
A Dynamic Polymerase Exchange with Escherichia coli DNA Polymerase IV Replacing DNA Polymerase III on the Sliding Clamp* (2008)

An assay that measures synchronized, processive DNA replication by Escherichia coli DNA polymerase III holoenzyme was used to reveal replacement of pol III by the specialized lesion bypass DNA polymerase IV when the replicative polymerase is stalled. When idled replication is restarted, a rapid burst of pol III-catalyzed synthesis accompanied by approximately 7-kb full-length products is strongly inhibited by the presence of pol IV. The production of slower-forming, shorter length DNA reflects a rapid takeover of DNA synthesis by pol IV. Here we demonstrate that pol IV rapidly (<15 s) obstructs the stable interaction between pol III* and the beta clamp (the lifetime of the complex is >5 min), causing the removal of pol III* from template DNA. We propose that the rapid replacement of pol III* on the beta clamp with pol IV is mediated by two processes, an interaction between pol IV and the beta clamp and a separate interaction between pol IV and pol III*. This newly discovered property of pol IV facilitates a dynamic exchange between the two free polymerases at the primer terminus. Our study suggests a model in which the interaction between pol III* and the beta clamp is mediated by pol IV to ensure that DNA replication proceeds with minimal interruption.
Characterization of Herpes Simplex Virus-induced Deoxyribonucleic Acid Polymerase (1973)

Abstract Infection of HeLa cells with herpes simplex virus leads to a large increase in a new DNA polymerase activity in the nucleus of infected cells. This herpes simplex virus-induced DNA polymerase has been purified 400- to 1300-fold from infected cells and shown to be different in its properties from the normal host cell DNA polymerases. The herpes simplex virus-induced DNA polymerase can be eluted as two peaks of activity on DEAE-cellulose in the presence of glycerol. However, these two DNA polymerase activities seem to have the same molecular weight (1.8 x 105) and exhibit similar properties after further purification on phosphocellulose. The herpes simplex virus-induced DNA polymerase is markedly different from the host DNA polymerases in its high salt requirement for maximal activity. It shows a strong preference for an oligomer-homopolymer template containing deoxyguanylate and deoxycytidylate. A nuclease activity which degrades the polydeoxyadenylate-deoxythymidylate copolymer and the deoxyguanylate-deoxycytidylate homopolymer pair is found to co-chromatograph with the herpes simplex virus-induced DNA polymerase.
Modelling and docking of Indian SARS-CoV-2 spike protein 1 with ACE2: implications for co-morbidity and therapeutic intervention (2020)

Presently, India bears amongst the highest burden of non-communicable diseases such as diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HT), and cardio vascular disease (CVD) and thus represents a vulnerable target to the SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic. Involvement of the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in susceptibility to infection and pathogenesis by SARS-CoV-2 is currently an actively pursued research area. An increased susceptibility to infection in individuals with DM, HT and CVD together with higher levels of circulating ACE2 in these settings presents a scenario where interaction with soluble ACE2 may result in disseminated virus-receptor complexes that could enhance virus acquisition and pathogenesis. Thus, understanding the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain-ACE2 interaction, both membrane bound and in the cell free context may contribute to elucidating the role of co-morbidities in increased susceptibility to infection and pathogenesis. Both Azithromycin and Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) have shown efficacy in mitigating viral carriage in infected individuals. Furthermore, each of these compounds generate active metabolites which in turn may also modulate virus-receptor interaction and thus influence clinical outcomes. In this study, we model the structural interaction of S1 with both full-length and soluble ACE2. Additionally, therapeutic drugs and their active metabolites were docked with soluble ACE2 protein. Our results show that S1 from either of the reported Indian sequences can bind both full-length and soluble ACE2, albeit with varying affinity that can be attributed to a reported substitution in the RBD. Furthermore, both Azythromycin and HCQ together with their active metabolites can allosterically affect, to a range of extents, binding of S1 to ACE2.
Essential Roles of CCL2-CCR2 and C5a-C5aR1 Pathways in irritant Contact Dermatitis (2019)

Abstract Cutaneous immune response induced by epithelial cell stress induces represents the first line defense against pathogens. We have reported that basophils play a pivotal role in the skin inflammation caused by irritants. However, it has not been fully understood how they accumulate in the skin. Previous studies have shown that epithelial cell damage induces complement activation in organs such as the lung and the kidney, implicating a possible involvement of the complement activation in the immune response caused by epithelial cell stress in the skin. Thus, we investigated the mechanism of basophil recruitment to the skin focusing on the complement system. Topical application of the surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) onto murine ears induced basophil-dependent skin inflammation. Among chemokines which were up-regulated by SDS application, we found that CCL2-CCR2 axis was critical for basophil recruitment to the skin. Here, CCR2 on basophils was dispensable and CCR2 on radioresistant cells was essential. Finally, we evaluated the contribution of complement system to SDS-induced basophil recruitment to the skin. SDS application induced C3 and C5a production in the skin, suggesting a complement activation in the skin. We evaluated whether C3 and C5a are involved in SDS-induced basophil recruitment by using C3 deficient mice and C5a receptor 1 deficient mice. The result showed that C3 deficiency or C5aR1 deficiency significantly attenuated SDS-induced basophils accumulation. By contrast, SDS-induced CCL2 production in these mice was comparable to WT mice. Collectively, our data suggest that both CCL2-CCR2 and C5a-C5aR pathways are essential to the SDS-induced innate immune response in the skin by modulating basophil recruitment.