gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interferon-alpha enhances biological defense activities against oxidative stress in cultured rat hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells. (2002)

Oxidative stress has been implicated as a cause of hepatic fibrosis, and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), which are the most important collagen-producing cell types, have been reported to be activated by lipid peroxidation products. Antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) provide a defense system that plays a critical role in protecting the cell from free radical damage, particularly lipid peroxidation. To elucidate the antioxidant activity of interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha), the effects of IFN-alpha on rat hepatocytes undergoing oxidative stress and HSCs in primary culture as well as isolated rat liver mitochondria were examined. IFN-alpha was observed to dose-dependently increase the immunoreactive protein levels of copper, zinc-and manganese-dependent SOD as well as the enzyme activities of GPx, and decrease the lipid peroxidation product levels and oxidative burst both in stressed hepatocytes and activated HSCs; GPx activities, however, were not detected in the latter cells. IFN-alpha also inhibited HSC activation and lipid peroxidation in liver mitochondria. These findings suggest that IFN-alpha may enhance biological defense activities against oxidative stress and function as a potent fibrosuppressant by protecting hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells from lipid peroxidation in vivo.
Flow-Cytometric Phosphoprotein Analysis Reveals Agonist and Temporal Differences in Responses of Murine Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells (2008)

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are probably the best-studied adult tissue-restricted stem cells. Although methods for flow cytometric detection of phosphoproteins in hematopoeitic progenitors and mature cells are available, analogous protocols for HSC are lacking. We present a robust method to study intracellular signaling in immunophenotypically-defined murine HSC/progenitor cell (HPC)-enriched populations. Using this method, we uncover differences in the response dynamics of several phosphoproteins representative of the Ras/MAP-Kinase(K), PI3K, mTOR and Jak/STAT pathways in HSC/HPCs stimulated by Scf, Thpo, as well as several other important HSC/HPC agonists.
Tasks, Copilots, and the Future of Search (2023)

Tasks are central to information retrieval (IR) and drive interactions with search systems [2, 4, 10]. Understanding and modeling tasks helps these systems better support user needs [8, 9, 11]. This keynote focuses on search tasks, the emergence of generative artificial intelligence (AI), and the implications of recent work at their intersection for the future of search. Recent estimates suggest that half of Web search queries go unanswered, many of them connected to complex search tasks that are ill-defined or multi-step and span several queries[6]. AI copilots, e.g., ChatGPT and Bing Chat, are emerging to address complex search tasks and many other challenges. These copilots are built on large foundation models such as GPT-4 and are being extended with skills and plugins. Copilots broaden the surface of tasks achievable via search, moving toward creation not just finding (e.g., interview preparation, email composition), and can make searchers more efficient and more successful.
Liquid‐phase autoxidation of organic compounds at elevated temperatures. Absolute rate constant for intermolecular hydrogen abstraction in hexadecane autoxidation at 120–190°C (1994)

Abstract The absolute rate constants for the intermolecular hydrogen abstraction reactions of secondary hydrogens by secondary alkylperoxy radicals in hexadecane autoxidation, k 3 , have been determined in the temperature range of 120–190°C using the stirred flow reactor technique. Absolute rate constants determined in this study for hexadecane are in good agreement with those determined for other hydrocarbons in liquid phase, on a per hydrogen basis, at lower temperatures. Arrhenius parameters for k 3 /H derived from this study are A = 10 8.6 M −1 s −1 and E a = 16.0 kcal/mol. The values of these parameters provide experimental confirmation for previous estimates made from both lower temperature reactions in the liquid phase and higher temperature reactions in the gas phase. © 1994 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Compassionately Conservative Balanced Cuts for Image Segmentation (2018)

The Normalized Cut (NCut) objective function, widely used in data clustering and image segmentation, quantifies the cost of graph partitioning in a way that biases clusters or segments that are balanced towards having lower values than unbalanced partitionings. However, this bias is so strong that it avoids any singleton partitions, even when vertices are very weakly connected to the rest of the graph. Motivated by the BÃ¼hler-Hein family of balanced cut costs, we propose the family of Compassionately Conservative Balanced (CCB) Cut costs, which are indexed by a parameter that can be used to strike a compromise between the desire to avoid too many singleton partitions and the notion that all partitions should be balanced. We show that CCB-Cut minimization can be relaxed into an orthogonally constrained lt-minimization problem that coincides with the problem of computing Piecewise Flat Embeddings (PFE) for one particular index value, and we present an algorithm for solving the relaxed problem by iteratively minimizing a sequence of reweighted Rayleigh quotients (IRRQ). Using images from the BSDS500 database, we show that image segmentation based on CCB-Cut minimization provides better accuracy with respect to ground truth and greater variability in region size than NCut-based image segmentation.
Probiotics in aquaculture: a current assessment (2013)

Abstract Because of health and environmental concerns, the use of chemotherapeutic agents has been restricted in many countries over recent years. This restriction has resulted in a demand for alternative strategies to improve aquaculture production and enhance disease resistance. Among these options, probiotics, live micro‐organisms that confer a health benefit to the host by providing both a nutritional benefit and protection against pathogens, represent an important option for the management of diseases and their use may replace some of the therapeutic chemicals commonly used in aquaculture. Our review explores the current state of knowledge on the impacts of probiotics on aquaculture, with particular emphasis on the criteria used for selection and evidence of their beneficial effects.
Point-of-care continuous13C-methacetin breath test improves decision making in acute liver disease: Results of a pilot clinical trial (2009)

The (13)C-MBT provides a rapid, non-invasive assessment of liver function in acute severe liver disease of diverse etiologies. The results of this pilot clinical trial suggest that the MBT may offer greater sensitivity than standard clinical tests for managing patients with severe acute liver disease.
EGFR gene amplification and variant III (EGFRvIII) mutation in primary and recurrent glioblastoma. (2016)

2042 Background: Around 40% of glioblastomas exhibit amplification of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene; half of these tumors carry a specific genetic rearrangement characterized by deletion of exons 2-7 (EGFRvIII). The prognostic role of EGFRvIII in patients with EGFR-amplified glioblastoma and its expression in recurrent as opposed to newly diagnosed glioblastoma have not been defined. Such data are highly relevant for the clinical development of novel EGFRvIII-targeting agents. Methods: EGFR-amplified glioblastomas from 109 patients treated according to standard of care were assessed for EGFRvIII expression and data were correlated with outcome. Pairs of primary and recurrentglioblastomas from 38 of these patients (including 25 patients with EGFRvIII-positive tumors) and from 33 glioblastoma patients without EGFR amplification were evaluated for changes in EGFR amplification and EGFRvIII expression at recurrence. Results: Among 109 patients with EGFR-amplified primary glioblastoma, 63 had EGFRvIII-positive tumors by immunohistochemistry or RT-PCR or both. The detection of EGFRvIII was not associated with inferior progression-free survival (PFS) (HR = 0.85, 95%CI 0.58-1.25, p = 0.418) or overall survival (OS) (HR = 0.99, 95%CI 0.67-1.47, p = 0.961). EGFRvIII status did not change between primary and recurrent glioblastomas in 21 of 25 EGFRvIII-positive patients (84%). In 4 of 25 patients (16%), EGFRvIII positivity was lost at recurrence. One of 13 EGFR-amplified but primarily EGFRvIII-negative glioblastomas demonstrated EGFRvIII-positivity at recurrence. None of 33 initially EGFR non-amplified glioblastomas acquired EGFR amplification or EGFRvIII positivity at recurrence. Conclusions: EGFRvIII expression is not prognostic in patients with EGFR-amplified glioblastomas. Most EGFRvIII-positive glioblastomas maintain positivity at recurrence. However, EGFRvIII expression may be lost or newly gained in small subsets of patients at recurrence. Thus, re-biopsy with reassessment of EGFRvIII status is recommended for recurrent glioblastoma patients enrolled in clinical trials using EGFRvIII-targeting agents.
Internal models of reaching and grasping (2007)

One of the most distinguishing features of cognitive systems is the ability to predict the future course of actions and the results of ongoing behaviors, and in general to plan actions well in advance. Neuroscience has started examining the neural basis of these skills with behavioral or animal studies and it is now relatively well understood that the brain builds models of the physical world through learning. These models are sometimes called 'internal models', meaning that they are the internal rehearsal (or simulation) of the world enacted by the brain. In this paper we investigate the possibility of building internal models of human behaviors with a learning machine that has access to information in principle similar to that used by the brain when learning similar tasks. In particular, we concentrate on models of reaching and grasping, and we report on an experiment in which biometric data collected from human users during grasping was used to train a support vector machine. We then assess to what degree the models built by the machine are faithful representations of the actual human behaviors. The results indicate that the machine is able to predict reasonably well human reaching and grasping, and that prior knowledge of the object to be grasped improves the performance of the machine, while keeping the same computational cost.
Depth enhancement with improved exemplar-based inpainting and joint trilateral guided filtering (2016)

Heavy noises and large amounts of holes exist in depth images captured by sensors, such as Kinect, which would severely hinder the application of depth information. In this paper, a novel depth enhancement algorithm with improved exemplar-based inpainting and joint trilateral guided filtering is proposed. The improved examplar-based inpainting method is applied to fill the holes in the depth images, in which the level set distance component is introduced in the priority evaluation function. Then a joint trilateral guided filter is adopted to denoise and smooth the inpainted results. Experimental results reveal that the proposed algorithm can achieve better enhancement results compared with the existing methods in terms of subjective and objective quality measurements.
Compositional Analysis and Treatment of Oilfield Scales (2015)

Abstract Scale formation in the wellbore and pipelines during upstream processes can result in production disruptions and declines in revenue. Hence, treatment and removal of oilfield scales are important for avoiding production depreciation. Scale varies in chemical composition, being composed of layers of scale adhering to the inside of tubing and deposited during the well life cycle. Identifying the location and composition of scale deposits is the first step in designing a cost-effective remediation program. Scale removal could be mechanical or chemical. Scale removal techniques should be quick, non-damaging to the wellbore, tubing, or formation environment, and effective at preventing reprecipitation. There have been many significant advances in scale control and remediation in recent years. Improvements in placement technology, reservoir chemistry, and intelligent fluids provide more cost-effective options for chemical scale inhibition or removal in downhole tools. The purpose of the present study was to analyze scale composition and then develop and recommend a solution to effectively remove specific oilfield scale from downhole tools. In this study, scale samples were collected from downhole tools and compositional analysis conducted to characterize both crystalline and non-crystalline compounds. Composition of scale samples was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and acid solubility for more accurate analysis. XRD and XRF results showed that the scale composition was mostly carbonate. Based on the scale composition, an acid-free carbonate scale dissolver was evaluated, and the results are presented in this paper.
Influência da estrutura do catalisador a base de Zirconoceno na estereorregularidade e propriedades do polipropileno formado (1997)

RESUMO: Catalisadores de metalocenos com diferentes simetrias, cocatalisados por metilaluminoxanas (MAO), foram avaliados em diferentes temperaturas de polimerização do propileno. Os metalocenos com ponte interanelar, ou seja, o dicloreto de rac-etileno bis(h5-1-indenil) zircônio, com simetria C2, e o dicloreto de isopropilideno(h5-ciclopentadienil)(h5-9-fluorenil) zircônio, com simetria Cs, produziram, respectivamente, polipropileno isotático e sindiotático. O grau de taticidade desses polímeros diminui com o aumento da temperatura de polimerização. Os metalocenos sem ponte, dicloreto de bis(h5-ciclopentadienil)zircônio e bis(h5-indenil)zircônio, em qualquer uma das temperaturas investigadas, produziram, somente, polipropileno atático. A estereorregularidade dos polímeros foram determinadas por Ressonância Magnética Nuclear de 13C.
Magneli phase titanium oxides as catalyst support - Electrochemical behavior of Ebonex/Pt catalysts (2006)

The impregnation method has been applied to synthesize platinum nanoparticles on Magneli phase titanium oxide powder (Ebonex). Surface area of the Ebonex support was determined by BET technique. Distribution and morphology of Pt nanoparticles in Ebonex/Pt catalyst were analyzed by TEM and HRTEM technique. Rather uniformly dispersed, Pt particles Of 5 +/- 3 nm were observed. The catalyst was tested for oxygen reduction and methanol oxidation in alkaline solution. It was found that in whole potential range oxygen was reduced with four electron exchanged and that the transfer of the first electron was the rate determining step. The kinetics of oxygen reduction on Ebonex/Pt can be described by the same equations as on polycrystalline Pt. When the activities were expressed through the specific current densities, no enhancement for Ebonex/Pt was observed comparing with polycrystalline Pt. Kinetic parameters and specific activity of the methanol oxidation on Ebonex/Pt,was found to be similar to those on polycrystalline Pt as well as to literature data for Pt nanoparticles on other supporting,materials. The Results: for, both reactions investigated indicate that Ebonex does not increase the activity of Pt significantly, bat can serve as a suitable supporting material for nanoparticles in fuel cell catalysts.
Lung area extraction from 3D chest X‐ray CT images using a shape model generated by a variable Bézier surface (2003)

Abstract The lung area extraction from 3D chest X‐ray CT images is an important function in performing computer diagnosis of lung cancer, etc. using CT images. In the conventional lung area extraction methods, when the lesions contact with the chest wall and mediastinum, there is a problem that defects will occur in the extracted lung area. In this paper, to deal with this problem, we will describe a lung area extraction method using a shape model. Concretely, the contour shape is modeled by using a Bézier surface and is made to fit for the contour surface of the individual input images by deformation manipulation based on the affine transformation and active contour model. Using this model, the aforementioned defects of the lung area due to lesions contacting with the wall should be corrected satisfactorily. In the experiments, we show, by applying the proposed technique to 3D chest X‐ray CT images, that the lung area can be extracted satisfactorily in cases in which the aforementioned lesions exist. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 34(4): 60–71, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/scj.1201
Mode-resolved frequency comb interferometry for high-accuracy long distance measurement (2015)

Optical frequency combs have developed into powerful tools for distance metrology. In this paper we demonstrate absolute long distance measurement using a single femtosecond frequency comb laser as a multi-wavelength source. By applying a high-resolution spectrometer based on a virtually imaged phased array, the frequency comb modes are resolved spectrally to the level of an individual mode. Having the frequency comb stabilized against an atomic clock, thousands of accurately known wavelengths are available for interferometry. From the spectrally resolved output of a Michelson interferometer a distance is derived. The presented measurement method combines spectral interferometry, white light interferometry and multi-wavelength interferometry in a single scheme. Comparison with a fringe counting laser interferometer shows an agreement within <10(-8) for a distance of 50 m.
The Role of TSC1 in the Formation and Maintenance of Excitatory Synapses (2005)

Mutations In the TSC1 or TSC2 tumor suppressor genes lead to Tuberous Sclerosis Complex, a dominant disorder characterized by benign tumors in multiple organ systems. Patients with TSC also display neurological symptoms including epilepsy, autism, and mental retardation of unclear etiology. We induce loss of Tsc1 fraction of differentiated hippocampal pyramidal neurons and demonstrate that the TSC pathway cell-autonomously regulates neuronal structure and function. Loss of Tsc1 or Tsc2, including haploinsufficiency of Tsc1, leads to increases in soma size as well as enlargement and loss of dendritic spines. Functional analysis reveals these morphological changes are accompanied by perturbation of electrophysiological properties, including changes in strength and glutamate receptor composition of excitatory synapses. Our results reveal a role for the TSC pathway in the regulation of neuronal structure and function and suggest that cell-autonomous neuronal defects contribute to the pathogenesis of the neurological symptoms of TSC.
Processes of Laser-Induced Ion Formation in Mass Spectrometry (1985)

In its first part the paper discusses properties of laser desorption spectra of nonvolatile, fragile organic compounds as well as current models, suggested for the relevant ion formation processes. In the second part some recent results on metastable decay and the influence of the laser wavelength on desorption spectra are presented.
Double-helix chiral fibers (2003)

A polarization-selective photonic stop band is demonstrated in a new chiral fiber structure with double-helix symmetry. The stop band exists for only circularly polarized radiation with the same handedness as the structure and is centered at a wavelength in the fiber equal to the fiber pitch. When one part of the chiral fiber is twisted about its axis, a localized mode is produced, which can be tuned across the gap by changing the twist angle. Observations in single-mode fibers are in good agreement with one-dimensional simulations of a dispersive cholesteric material. At higher frequencies, however, we find a sharp onset of a broad polarization-selective scattering band, which is not present in one-dimensional simulations.
Hyponatremia Associated with Overhydration in U.S. Army Trainees (2001)

This report describes a series of hyponatremia hospitalizations associated with heat-related injuries and apparent over-hydration. Data from the U.S. Army Inpatient Data System were used to identify all hospitalizations for hyposmolality/hyponatremia from 1996 and 1997. Admissions were considered as probable cases of overhydration hyponatremia if this was the only, or primary, diagnosis or if it was associated with any heat-related diagnosis. Seventeen medical records were identified, and the events leading to hospitalization were analyzed. The average serum sodium level was 122 +/- 5 mmol/L (range, 115-130 mmol/L). All 17 patients were soldiers attending training schools. Seventy-seven percent of hyponatremia cases occurred in the first 4 weeks of training. Nine patients had water intake rates equal to or exceeding 2 quarts per hour. Most patients were in good health before developing hyponatremia. The most common symptoms were mental status changes (88%), emesis (65%), nausea (53%), and seizures (31%). In 5 of 6 cases in which extensive history was known, soldiers drank excess amounts of water before developing symptoms and as part of field treatment. The authors conclude that hyponatremia resulted from too aggressive fluid replacement practices for soldiers in training status. The fluid replacement policy was revised with consideration given to both climatic heat stress and physical activity levels. Field medical policy should recognize the possibility of overhydration. Specific evacuation criteria should be established for exertional illness.
[Computer-assisted test ring for cerebrospinal fluid drainage systems]. (1994)

The present paper describes a computer-aided test rig for shunts used to treat hydrocephalus. The test rig permits the automatic testing of commercially available shunt systems at defined flow or pressure levels. A thin glass tube serves as a reference to ensure the proper functioning of the setup. Six brand-new shunt systems were tested. As an application example, the dependency of shunt function on angular orientation in space was investigated. It was found that such a dependency actually exists.
Are SBA Loan Guarantees Desirable (2004)

Over the last 10 years, the Small Business Administration has been responsible for well over $100 billion in small business credit extensions, more than any single private lender. This Commentary explores the motivations for such a large investment of taxpayer dollars.
Comparative genomic and physiological analysis of Trichococcus species (2016)

Although Trichococcus strains share high similarity in their 16S RNA gene, differences at genomic level seem to be much higher and low DNA-DNA hybridization values were observed for the different species. One fascinating physiological characteristic of Trichococcus species is the capability of growing at very low temperatures – specifically, Trichococcus patagoniensis can be a targeted species to