gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
300mm FinFET results utilizing conformal, damage free, ultra shallow junctions (X<inf>j</inf>&#x223C;5nm) formed with molecular monolayer doping technique (2011)

We demonstrate for the first time, a 20nm FinFET using a new, conformal, and damage-free monolayer doping technique. Unlike conventional ion-implantation, this approach makes use of a dopant-containing precursor to uniformly assemble a monolayer of covalently bonded dopants to enable an ultra-shallow (X <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">j</sub> ~5nm) and abrupt (0.6nm/dec) junction formation around a high aspect ratio fin structure, which overcomes the possible FinFET pitch scaling limitations of traditional doping techniques. FinFETs featuring MLD junctions were successfully demonstrated with good electrostatics control down to a gate length of ~40nm. With further scaling of the fin width, sub-threshold swing and threshold voltage roll-off can be further improved. This low damage and conformal doping is a promising technique to address key FinFET scaling issues associated with parasitic series resistance and short channel control for the 15nm node and beyond.
ChemInform Abstract: Iridium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Isomerization of Primary Allylic Alcohols. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
[Effect of multiple amino acid substitutions of collagen II 263-272 on collagen-induced arthritis]. (2006)

C II 263-272 peptide with TCR-contact residues substitutions inhibited joint destruction in CIA rats and down-regulated IFN-gamma production, suggesting that altered CII peptide might be potentially therapeutic in rheumatoid arthritis.
THE CHEMICAL ESTIMATION OF TYROSINE AND TYRAMINE (1952)

Chemical Estimation of Tyrosine and TyramineThe interaction of l-nitroso-2-naphthol and tyrosine to yield a red compound has long been used as a test for this amino acid in biological extracts.This reaction has been used for the quantitative determination of tyrosine (l-3), but it is not satisfactory because the red derivative is unstable.Further investigation of the reaction in this laboratory has shown that the red compound derived from both tyrosine and tyramine gives rise, when heated in nitric acid solution, to a stable yellow substance which can be separated from excess nitrosonaphthol.With the use of this reaction, sensitive and reproducible methods for the assay of tyrosine and tyramine in biological material have been developed. Chemistry of ReactionUnder appropriate conditions, l-nitroso-2-naphthol reacts with tyrosine, tyramine, and many other substituted phenols to yield red-colored derivatives.These products rapidly change to stable yellow substances from which the excess reagent can be separated by extraction into ethylene dichloride or chloroform.The tyrosine and tyramine derivatives were prepared to determine some of their physical and chemical properties.Tyramine Derivative-l gm. of tyramine hydrochloride and 2 gm. of l-nitroso-2-naphthol were dissolved in 250 ml. of ethanol.To this were added 150 ml. of 2 N nitric acid.The mixture was heated at 55" for 3 hours and cooled.Excess nitrosonaphthol was removed by three extractions with 150 ml.portions of chloroform.An equal volume of water was added, whereupon crystals appeared.These were washed with water, dissolved in 90 per cent alcohol, and recrystallized by the addition of ether to yield 225 mg. of orange crystals; m.p.,236-237".The compound was readily soluble in hot water and in alcohol, relatively insoluble in ether and in chloroform.It could not be extracted from water into chloroform until bicarbonate was added, suggesting that the crystalline compound was a nitric acid salt.The absorption spectrum of the derivative is presented in Fig. 1.Elementary analysis of the salt indicated that 1
ESTIMATING MELT RATE FOR SAVANNAH RIVER SITE HLW SIMULANTS (2010)

Compositions of three frits with various content of boron, calcium, sodium and lithium were developed for vitrification of SB5 and SB6 slurries to be processed at the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF). A series of melter runs were performed at Khlopin Radium Institute (KRI) to determine the melt rate for the SB5 and SB6 simulants with different compositions of the frits. These runs were performed in a laboratory scale melter with liquid feeding referred to at KRI as the SMK melter. During these melter runs, the optimal frit composition #550 was selected for processing with both slurries at a larger-scale Joule heated melter referred to at KRI as the EP-5 melter.
Modulated transmittance and reflectance in crystalline electrochromic WO3 films: Theoretical limits (1984)

A quantitative theory for the optical properties of crystalline electrochromic materials is introduced. It is based on the double injection model and includes ionized impurity scattering of free electrons. Solar and luminous properties are evaluated versus electron density for doped WO3 films. Our results point to the possibility of creating efficient ‘‘smart windows’’ with dynamic control of the inflow of radiant energy.
The Absolute Configuration of (R)-( + )-Nadifloxacin. (1996)

The optically active (+)-enantiomer of 5, 6-difluoro-2-methyl-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydroquinoline was obtained as a salt with dibenzoyl-D-tartaric acid by the optical resolution method and was determined to be R-configuration by X-ray analysis. Since (R)-(+)-5, 6-difluoro-2-methyl-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydroquinoline is the optically resolved synthetic intermediate of optically active (+)-enantiomer of nadifloxacin[9-fluoro-6, 7-dihydro-8-(4-hydroxy-1-piperidyl)-5-methyl-1-oxo-1H, 5H-benzo[i, j]quinolizine-2-carboxylic acid, OPC-7251, 1], the absolute configuration of (±)-1 was assigned to R.
Adaptive deployment in ad-hoc systems using emergent component ensembles (2013)

Mobile cloud computing in the context of ad-hoc clouds brings new challenges when offloading computation from mobile devices. The management of application deployment needs to ensure that the offloading provides users with the expected benefits, but it suddenly needs to cope with a highly dynamic environment which lacks a central authority and in which computational nodes appear and disappear.
LP-HVPE growth of S, Fe and undoped InP (2003)

This study presents the result of low-pressure hydride vapour phase epitaxy of undoped and doped InP carried out in a commercial equipment designed for 3-inch wafers. Specially, InP:Fe growth with ferrocene has been investigated in order to provide high resistive semi-insulating material. Besides, a very good planarisation around mesas has been achieved by selective regrowth. Finally, to validate the equipment, Fabry-Perot lasers with a modulation bandwidth of 15 GHz have been realised by burying mesas with regrown InP:Fe.
Myocardial changes in pressure overload-induced left ventricular hypertrophy (1991)

Morphological changes in human myocardium associated with pressure overload-induced left ventricular hypertrophy were studied in 22 normal and 21 hypertrophic hearts obtained at autopsy. Samples were obtained from the left lateral ventricular wall, half way between the apex and the base. Myocyte dimensions, polyploidization, multinucleation and relative volume fractions were studied. Regression analysis in relation to indexed heart weight yielded statistically significant correlation coefficients for myocyte volume: r = 0.69 (P less than 0.001), for degree of polyploidization: r = 0.77 (P less than 0.001), for number of nuclei per myocyte: r = 0.47 (P less than 0.01) and for volume fraction of myocytes: r = 0.32 (P less than 0.05). Approximate numbers of myocytes and connective tissue cells per left ventricle were calculated. Correlation coefficients related to indexed heart weight were r = 0.34 (P less than 0.05) for the number of myocytes and r = 0.76 (P less than 0.001) for the number of connective tissue cells. Based on regression analysis in relation to indexed heart weight, we calculated that a doubling of indexed heart weight was associated with an increase in mean myocyte volume by 65%, degree of polyploidization by 24%, multinucleation by 7%, number of myocytes by 20% and number of connective tissue cells by 141%. The volume percentage of myocytes decreased by 6% in favour of the connective tissue fraction. These changes in myocardial composition indicate that the term 'hypertrophy' inadequately describes the actual myocardial changes in response to pressure overload.
Metallo aldimines. 3. Coupling of lithium aldimines with aryl, vinyl, and acetylenic halides (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMetallo aldimines. 3. Coupling of lithium aldimines with aryl, vinyl, and acetylenic halidesMaurice J. Marks and Harry M. WalborskyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 1, 52–56Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00340a010https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00340a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views297Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Assessment of volume of fluid and immersed boundary methods for droplet computations (2004)

Abstract The volume of fluid (VOF) and immersed boundary (IB) methods are two popular computational techniques for multi‐fluid dynamics. To help shed light on the performance of both techniques, we present accuracy assessment, which includes interfacial geometry, detailed and global fluid flow characteristics, and computational robustness. The investigation includes the simulations of a droplet under static equilibrium as a limiting test case and a droplet rising due to gravity for Re ⩽1000. Surface tension force models are key issues in both VOF and IB and alternative treatments are examined resulting in improved solution accuracy. A refined curvature model for VOF is also presented. With the newly developed interfacial treatments incorporated, both IB and VOF perform comparably well for the droplet dynamics under different flow parameters and fluid properties. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Juvenile hormone affects the splicing of Culex quinquefasciatus early trypsin messenger RNA (2018)

The full length of Culex quiquefasciatus early trypsin has been cloned and sequenced and a three-dimensional (3D) model of the enzyme was built showing that the enzyme has the canonical trypsin's active pocket containing H78, D123, S129, and D128. The biosynthesis of juvenile hormone (JH) III by the corpora allata (CA) in female Cx. quiquefasciatus is sugar-dependent. Females that were maintained on water after emergence synthesize very little JH III, JH III bisepoxide, and methyl farnesoate (MF) (3.8, 1.1, and 0.8 fmol/4 hr/CA, respectively). One hour after sugar feeding, the synthesis of JH III and JH III bisepoxide reached a maximum (11.3 and 5.9 fmol/4 hr/CA, respectively) whereas MF biosynthesis reached a maximum at 24 hr (5.2 fmol/4 hr/CA). The early trypsin is transcribed with a short intron (51 nt) is spliced when JH III biosynthesis is high in sugar fed and at 1 hr after the blood meal (22 and 15 fmol/4 hr/CA, respectively). We investigated the transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of the early trypsin gene showing that JH III concentrations influence splicing. In the absence JH III the unspliced transcript is linked by a phosphoamide bond at the 5'-end to RNA ribonuleoprotein (RNP). The biosynthesis of the early trypsin was followed in ligated abdomens (without CA) of newly emerged females that fed blood by enema. Our results show that the early trypsin biosynthesis depends on sugar and blood feeding, whereas the late trypsin biosynthesis does not depend on sugar feeding, or JH III biosynthesis. Downregulating the early trypsin transcript does not affect the late trypsin.
Third-Party-T-Zell-Spender: eine alternative Quelle virusspezifischer T-Zellen für die adoptive Immuntherapie (2016)

Nach Stammzell- (SZT) und solider Organtransplantation (SOT) kommt es aufgrund der damit einhergehenden Immunsuppression zum Verlust oder zur funktionellen Störung virusspezifischer T-Zellen (VST), einem essenziellen Element in der zellulären Immunabwehr. Dabei können insbesondere Infektionen oder Reaktivierungen durch persistierende Viren (z. B. humanes Zytomegalievirus [HCMV], Epstein-Barr-Virus [EBV], humanes Herpesvirus 6 [HHV-6]) und lytische Viren (z. B. humanes Adenovirus [hAdV]) zu lebensgefährlichen Komplikationen führen, deren Ausmaß entscheidend von der Geschwindigkeit der Rekonstitution des Immunsystems abhängt. Der adoptive Transfer von VST eines geeigneten Spenders ist ein aussichtsreicher Therapieansatz zur gezielten Unterstützung und beschleunigten Rekonstitution der zellulären Immunität. Dabei sind schon geringste Dosen der VST für einen therapeutisch nachweisbaren Effekt ausreichend, während das Risiko der Graft-versus-Host-Erkrankung (engl. Graft-versus-Host Disease, GvHD) gering ist. Wenn der Stammzellspender nicht zur Verfügung steht oder die entsprechenden Zellen nicht in ausreichender Frequenz vorhanden sind, stellen sowohl HLA-teilkompatible Familienspender als auch Fremdspender als Third-Party-T-Zell-Spender (engl. Third-Party Donor, TPD) eine geeignete alternative Quelle virusspezifischer T-Zellen dar. Der Aufbau und die Etablierung von TPD-Registern und TPD-Zellbanken ermöglichen die schnelle Bereitstellung der spezifischen T-Zellen zur umgehenden, individuell auf den Patienten abgestimmten Behandlung. Um die klinische Anwendung von VST zu verbessern, werden etablierte Verfahren zur Herstellung der VST unter den Gesichtspunkten Sensitivität, Reproduzierbarkeit, Reinheit, Funktionalität und Persistenz angereicherter T-Zellen ständig optimiert und weiterentwickelt.
Outage and spectral efficiency study in cooperative wireless heterogeneous networks (2017)

Heterogeneous cellular network has become an important network architecture to improve network spectral efficiency. This paper works on a theoretical framework for analyzing outage probability and spectral efficiency in a two-tier heterogeneous network with joint processing cooperation. The heterogeneous network consists of high power nodes (HPNs) and low power nodes (LPNs). A range expansion association scheme is used to extend the coverage range of LPNs and to help achieve load balancing. Cooperation is applied to LPN cell edge users that are subject to strong interference from HPNs. Joint processing cooperation is formed between the serving LPN and nearest HPN and data is transmitted to the user simultaneously from these two cooperative nodes by taking radio resources from both. Study shows that cooperation can greatly improve LPN cell edge outage performance. When range expansion area increases, the average per user spectral efficiency of the whole system with cooperation remains steady while the average per user spectral efficiency without cooperation decreases.
Sweet Sorghum as an Ethanol Feedstock in Western Nebraska – Could It Happen? (2018)

It has been proposed that non-irrigated sweet sorghum might be grown in western Nebraska as a seasonal substitute for corn grain in corn ethanol plants. In the research summarized here, we examine the economic feasibility of this possibility, based on the technical data that are currently available about sweet sorghum production.
Recent Developments in the Chemistry of Dicoordinated Phosphorus Radicals and Cations (1981)

Phosphide anions, phosphinyl radicals, and phosphenium cations are two-coordinate phosphorus species which are related by gain or loss of one electron: Phosphide anions are well documented and are used widely as reagents. However, much less is known concerning phosphinyl radicals and phosphenium cations. Phosphinyl Radicals as Ligands Interesting work by Lappert, Goldwhite, and co-workers (1,2) has established that phosphinyl radicals can be stabilized by means of bulky substituents such as (Me3Si)2CH. We have found that these radicals constitute a new class of ligand intermediate in character between phosphenium cations and phosphide anions. Upon treatment of [{(Me3Si)2CH}2P]· (I) (1,2) with Fe2(CO)9 in n-hexane at ambient temperature, the initial blood-red color of the solution darkened rapidly. Evacuation of the volatiles produced a purple-black solid radical of composition [{(Me3Si)2CH}2PFe(CO)4]· (II). The magnetic moment of II was found to be 0.88 μB at 300K and the 70 eV mass spectrum exhibited a parent peak
Triflic‐Acid‐Catalyzed Friedel‐Crafts Reaction for the Synthesis of Diaryl Sulfones (2022)

Abstract The Friedel‐Crafts sulfonylation for the synthesis of diaryl sulfones derivatives was achieved by using triflic acid (TfOH) as the acidic catalyst with aryl sulfonyl chlorides and arenes at elevated temperatures. Different sulfones could be synthesized with this method in good to excellent yield and with high selectivity. In contrast to the previous methodology reported for this sulfonylation, the catalyst and the excess of arene could be easily recovered and re‐used in further batches.
An Al12R8− cluster as an intermediate on the way from aluminium(I) compounds to aluminium metal† (1999)

A new Al12 cluster resembling a small section of the aluminium lattice has been prepared by the reaction of AlCl solution with LiN(SiMe3)2.
Defining the timing of 25(OH)D rescue following nitrogen mustard exposure (2017)

The opportunity to use 25(OH)D as a medical countermeasure for NM-induced toxicity has a finite of window for intervention. However, modifications such as repeat dosing can be an effective strategy to extend the intervention potential of 25(OH)D.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Bridgehead Halides by Barton Halodecarboxylation. (1989)

Abstract The products of the title reaction (5 out of the 14 transformations studied are given in the scheme) are isolated in generally good yield if a solvent/halogenating agent of appropriate volatility is employed.
Electron impact mass spectrometry of some amino derivatives of 1,4-benzodiazepines (1984)

The electron impact mass spectra of some mono- and diamino derivatives of 5-phenyl-1,4-benzodiazepines have been determined, and their fragmentation pattern elucidated with the aid of deuterium-labelled derivatives, high resolution mass measurements and metastable analysis. The most significant ions are derived from the loss of the amino residues, and from the contraction of the seven-membered benzodiazepine system to give smaller rings.
Understanding Nucleic Acids Using Synthetic Chemistry. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Angels or Sirens? Questions of Performance and Reception in Roman Church Music around 1650 (2017)

Angels or Sirens? : Questions of Performance and Reception in Roman Church Music Around 1650
Hearing Aid Maximum Output and Loudness Discomfort: Are Unaided Loudness Measures Needed? (2007)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate a clinical protocol for setting hearing aid maximum output (MPO) in adult users. The protocol consisted of matching prescriptive targets for MPO followed by aided loudness validation and adjustment. Twenty-eight adults fit with multichannel hearing aids during the previous two years were recalled for unaided loudness measures. During the recall visit, unaided frequency-specific loudness discomfort levels were measured for frequencies between 250 and 3000 Hz. These values were converted to real-ear levels by adding individually measured real-ear dial differences. Real-ear saturation responses (RESR) were measured using a 90 dB pure-tone sweep and compared to the real-ear loudness discomfort levels. All participants completed the APHAB Aversiveness scale and Munro-Patel loudness questionnaire. A subset of participants (n = 20) completed the Profile of Aided Loudness. The average RESR-UCL difference was -5.7 dB, and the maximum difference was 15 dB. For all but one participant, the average RESR values (.5-3 kHz) were either less than or no more than 5 dB above the LDLs, and the aided APHAB Aversiveness scores were below the 80th percentile. There were no significant correlations between the scores on the loudness questionnaires and the differences between RESR and LDL values. Results suggest that unaided LDL measures may be redundant if aided loudness validation measures are completed.
Leucine Metabolism in Man: Lessons from Modeling (1991)

The metabolism of amino acids is far more complicated than a 1- to 2-pool model, yet, such simple models have been extensively used with many different isotopically labeled tracers to study protein metabolism. A tracer of leucine and measurement of leucine kinetics has been a favorite choice for following protein metabolism. However, administering a leucine tracer and following it in blood will not adequately reflect the complex, multi-pool nature of the leucine system. Using the tracer enrichment of the ketoacid metabolite of leucine, alpha-ketoisocaproate (KIC), to reflect intracellular events of leucine was an important improvement. Whether this approach is adequate to follow accurately leucine metabolism in vivo or not has not been tested. From data obtained using simultaneous administration of leucine and KIC tracers, we developed a 10-pool model of the in vivo leucine-KIC and bicarbonate kinetic system. Data from this model were compared with conventional measurements of leucine kinetics. The results from the 10-pool model agreed best with the simplified approach using a leucine tracer and measurement of KIC enrichment.
Proving that non-blocking algorithms don't block (2009)

A concurrent data-structure implementation is considered non-blocking if it meets one of three following liveness criteria: wait-freedom, lock-freedom, or obstruction-freedom. Developers of non-blocking algorithms aim to meet these criteria. However, to date their proofs for non-trivial algorithms have been only manual pencil-and-paper semi-formal proofs. This paper proposes the first fully automatic tool that allows developers to ensure that their algorithms are indeed non-blocking. Our tool uses rely-guarantee reasoning while overcoming the technical challenge of sound reasoning in the presence of interdependent liveness properties.
ODC (Ornithine Decarboxylase)-Dependent Putrescine Synthesis Maintains MerTK (MER Tyrosine-Protein Kinase) Expression to Drive Resolution (2021)

These findings demonstrate that ODC-dependent putrescine synthesis in macrophages maintains a basal level of MerTK expression needed to optimally resolve inflammation upon subsequent AC exposure. Graphic Abstract: A graphic abstract is available for this article.