gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of carbon-13 labelled carbonaceous deposits and their evaluation for potential use as surrogates to better understand the behaviour of the carbon-14-containing deposit present in irradiated PGA graphite (2015)

The present work has used microwave plasma chemical vapour deposition to generate suitable isotopically labelled carbonaceous deposits on the surface of Pile Grade A graphite for use as surrogates for studying the behaviour of the deposits observed on irradiated graphite extracted from UK Magnox reactors. These deposits have been shown elsewhere to contain an enhanced concentration of 14C compared to the bulk graphite. A combination of Raman spectroscopy, ion beam milling with scanning electron microscopy and secondary ion mass spectrometry were used to determine topography and internal morphology in the formed deposits. Direct comparison was made against deposits found on irradiated graphite samples trepanned from a Magnox reactor core and showed a good similarity in appearance. This work suggests that the microwave plasma chemical vapour deposition technique is of value in producing simulant carbon deposits, being of sufficiently representative morphology for use in non-radioactive surrogate studies of post-disposal behaviour of 14C-containing deposits on some irradiated Magnox reactor graphite.
Direct formation of formic acid from carbon dioxide and dihydrogen using the [{Rh(cod)Cl}2]–Ph2P(CH2)4PPh2catalyst system (1992)

Formic acid, isolable as sodium formate from the reaction mixture, is produced directly from hydrogen and carbon dioxide with yields up to 1150 moles per mole of rhodium using a homogeneous catalyst formed in situ from [{Rh(cod)Cl}2] and Ph2P(CH2)4PPh2; the precious metal is recovered during work-up in a catalytically active form.
On performance of product codes and comparison with interleaved BCH codes in different mobile channels (2002)

Product code that can correct burst-error and random-error simultaneously is a type of new code composed of the simple codes (such as BCH codes). We analyze the performance of product codes, and simulate the cases in which product codes are used to correct error in the mobile channels with different modulation, different data rate and different vehicle speed. We also compare the performance between product codes and interleaved BCH codes, which are both efficient to correct long-burst errors. The conclusion is drawn that the product codes can improve the BER of channels ten times as low as interleaved codes can do.
Condition Monitoring of Control Loops (2000)

The main concern of this work is the development of methodsfor automatic condition monitoring of control loops withapplication to the process industry. By condition monitoringboth detection and diagnosis of malfunctioning control loops isunderstood, using normal operating data and a minimum amount ofprocess knowledge. The use of indices for quantifying loop performance is dealtwith in the first part of the thesis. The starting point is anindex proposed by Harris (1989). This index has been modifiedin order to cover a larger range of processes. The same conceptis then used to assess the sampling rate in control loops.Other index-based monitoring methods where some amount ofprocess knowledge is available are discussed. The evaluation of the performance indices discussed requiresknowledge of the process dead-time. Therefore a concept calledevent-triggered estimation is introduced in the second part ofthe thesis. Both automatic data selection and dead-timeestimation methods are proposed and conditions for successfulestimation are discussed. The last part of the thesis deals with the diagnosis ofoscillations. A method to automatically diagnose staticfriction (stiction) in the actuator is presented. Furthermore,two methods are proposed which allow automatic distinction ofexternally and internally generated oscillations. All describedmethods have been implemented in a MATLAB-based graphical userinterface which is briefly described.
Mapping and Haplotyping of the Flanking Region of the Polyembryony Locus in Citrus unshiu Marcow (2008)

Polyembryony, which is a specific true-seed propagation system generated by somatic embryogenesis in nucellar tissue, occurs widely in the genus Citrus. To refine the genetic map of the polyembryony locus in Citrus, we obtained DNA markers from bulked segregation analysis using an F1 population derived from ‘Kiyomi’ (‘Miyagawa wase’ (Citrus unshiu Marcow) × ‘Trovita’ orange (C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck)) × ‘Miyagawa wase’. A total of 1681 primers designed from expressed sequence tag (EST) sequences and random 12-base primers were utilized for bulked segregation analysis with modification to screen markers systematically. Five markers linked to the polyembryony locus were obtained, of which two of these markers were converted to sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers. These markers were integrated to a framework map previously constructed by EST-derived cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) markers and placed on the previously reported K-9 linkage group. The refined linkage group with new markers covered 47 cM flanking the polyembryony locus. From haplotype analysis of the region around the polyembyony locus in the progenies and their parents, it was shown that ‘Kiyomi’ had a recombinant haplotype in the flanking region close to the polyembryony locus. Information concerning the linkage map and haplotype structure contributes to marker-assisted selection and further study of the polyembryony locus in Citrus.
Involvement of PI3-K in neuroprotective effects of the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 analogue - PRI-2191. (2007)

The active form of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) prevents neuronal damage in vitro and in vivo , however, it induces also hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia. Side-chain-modified analogues of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3), which show low calcemic activity, may be potentially useful in the treatment of some neurodegenerative diseases. Previously, we have found that PRI-2191 more potently than 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) protects human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells against hydrogen-peroxide-induced toxicity. In the present study, we evaluated effects of two other 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) analogues - PRI-1890 and PRI-1901 on the neuronal degeneration in the same cell model. In line with the previous study, 24-h incubation with hydrogen peroxide (0.5 mM) was toxic to cells, as evidenced by an enhanced efflux of lactate dehydrogenase into the culture medium, and these effects were prevented by PRI-1890 and PRI-1901 at concentration of 5, 50 and 500 nM. Comparing the neuroprotective effects of secosteroids, we found that all three analogues were efficient at lower concentration than 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) and among them the PRI-2191 showed the most evident concentration-dependent effect. In the second part of this study, an involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K), kinases which play a crucial role in neurodegenerative processes, in neuroprotective action of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D(3) and its the most potent analogue PRI-2191 has been investigated. The inhibitor of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-MAPK (SP600125, 1 microM), inhibitor of p38-MAPK (SB-203580, 1 and 10 microM) and inhibitor of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-MAPK (PD-98059, 15 and 30 microM) attenuated the hydrogen peroxide-induced toxicity. Moreover, PD-98059 (30 microM) enhanced neuroprotective effects of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D(3) but not that of PRI-2191. In contrast, the inhibitor of PI3-K (wortmannin, 10, 100 nM) did not affect hydrogen peroxide-induced cell damage itself, however, it significantly antagonized the effect of PRI-2191. On the other hand, wortmannin did not affect the neuroprotective effects of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D(3) This suggests that the activation of PI3-K/Akt signaling pathway plays an important role in the mechanism of inhibitory action of PRI-2191 on hydrogen peroxide-evoked toxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. Furthermore, these data point to differential involvement of ERK-MAPK and PI3-K in neuroprotective effects of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D(3) and its low-calcemic analogue - PRI-2191.
Pro-Inflammatory S100A9 Protein Aggregation Promoted by NCAM1 Peptide Constructs (2019)

Amyloid cascade and neuroinflammation are hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases, and pro-inflammatory S100A9 protein is central to both of them. Here, we have shown that NCAM1 peptide constructs carrying polycationic sequences derived from Aβ peptide (KKLVFF) and PrP protein (KKRPKP) significantly promote the S100A9 amyloid self-assembly in a concentration-dependent manner by making transient interactions with individual S100A9 molecules, perturbing its native structure and acting as catalysts. Since the individual molecule misfolding is a rate-limiting step in S100A9 amyloid aggregation, the effects of the NCAM1 construct on the native S100A9 are so critical for its amyloid self-assembly. S100A9 rapid self-assembly into large aggregated clumps may prevent its amyloid tissue propagation, and by modulating S100A9 aggregation as a part of the amyloid cascade, the whole process may be effectively tuned.
Design and characteristics of the lightly doped drain-source (LDD) insulated gate field-effect transistor (1980)

The LDD structure, where narrow, self-aligned n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-</sup> regions are introduced between the channel and the n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> source-drain diffusions of an IGFET to spread the high field at the drain pinchoff region and thus reduce the maximum field intensity, is analyzed. The design is shown, including optimization of the n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-</sup> dimensions and concentrations and the boron channel doping profile and an evaluation of the effect of the series resistance of the n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-</sup> regions on device transconductance. Characteristics of experimental devices are presented and compared to those of conventional IGFET's. It is shown that significant improvements in breakdown voltages, hot-electron effects, and short-channel threshold effects can be achieved allowing operation at higher voltage, e.g., 8.5 versus 5 V, with shorter source-drain spacings, e.g., 1.2 versus 1.5 µm. Alternatively, a shorter channel length could be used for a given supply voltage. Performance projections are shown which predict 1.7 × basic device/circuit speed enhancement over conventional structures. Due to the higher voltages and higher frequency operation, the higher performance results in an increase in power which must be considered in a practical design.
Distilling information from text: The EDS TemplateFiller System (1993)

A system is described which digests large volumes of text, filtering out irrelevant articles and distilling the remainder into templates that represent information from the articles in simple slot/filler pairs. The system is highly modular in that it consists of a series of programs, each of which contributes information to the text to help in the final analysis of determining which strings constitute valid values for the slots in the template. This modular design has the dual advantage of allowing relatively easy debugging and of permitting many of the component programs to participate in other projects. The system is customized to specific domains, taking advantage of simple string matching techniques to improve the effectiveness of more complex sentence-level semantic processes. The extension to new domains has been facilitated by dividing system data files into generic vs. specific categories; domain extension requires the creation of only the domain-specific files. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Cellular Mechanotransduction: Diverse Perspectives from Molecules to Tissues (2014)

'Mechanotransduction' is the term for the ability, first described by 19th-century anatomist Julius Wolff, of living tissues to sense mechanical stress and respond by tissue remodeling. More recently, the scope of mechanotransduction has been expanded to include the sensation of stress, its translation into a biochemical signal, and the sequence of biological responses it produces. This book looks at mechanotransduction in a more restricted sense, focusing on the process of stress sensing and transducing a mechanical force into a cascade of biochemical signals. This stress has become increasingly recognized as one of the primary and essential factors controlling biological functions, ultimately affecting the function of the cells, tissues, and organs. A primary goal of this broad book is also to help define the new field of mechanomics, which attempts to describe the complete mechanical state of a biological system
Effect of alterations in blood volume on cardiac function during maximal exercise (1997)

Recently, we proposed that the higher stroke volume (SV) and cardiac output (Q) of endurance-trained (ETR) versus untrained (UTR) individuals are attributable primarily to the enhanced diastolic filling of ETR consequent to a larger blood volume (BV). To test this hypothesis, we examined the effects of manipulating BV on the cardiac function of six ETR and six UTR males. Both groups were examined in the control BV condition (BVctl), then ETR were examined immediately following a 500 mL reduction in BV (BVred) and UTR were examined immediately following a 500 mL expansion of BV (BVexp). In BVctl, compared with UTR, ETR had significantly greater BV (16%), maximal diastolic filling rate (47.4%), maximal ventricular emptying rate (24.6%), SVmax (31.6%), Qmax (29%) and VO2max (54.5%). Following BVexp in UTR, there were immediate significant increases in maximal diastolic filling rate (22.5%), SVmax (9.1%), Qmax (8.9%), and VO2max (12.7%). Following BVred in ETR there were immediate significant decreases in maximal diastolic filling rate (27%), SVmax (14.3%), Qmax (14.7%), and VO2max (7.0%). Maximal systolic emptying rate did not change significantly following BVred or BVexp. We conclude that changes in SV and Q consequent to alterations in BV are attributable primarily to changes in diastolic function, and the majority of the higher diastolic filling rate of ETR is due to their larger BV.
On using a supporting quadric method to design diffractive optical elements (2015)

Application of a modified supporting quadric method in diffractive optical element design is described. As an example, we compute the eikonal function to focus into a calculator's image represented by a set of points. Properties of the produced image are analyzed using the scalar diffraction theory. It is shown that the proposed method can be used for the design of diffractive optical elements focusing into a continuous required illuminance distribution. Numerical examples also show that the computed eikonal function is a good initial estimate for the iterative Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm.
The Amino Acid Sequence of Reeves’ Pheasant (Syrmaticus reevesii) Lysozyme (1991)

The amino acid sequence of reeves' pheasant lysozyme was analyzed. Carboxymethylated lysozyme was digested with trypsin and resulting peptides were analyzed using the DABITC/PITC double coupling manual Edman method. The established amino acid sequence had seven substitutions, Tyr3, Leu15, His41, His77, Ser79, Arg102, and Asn121, compared with hen egg-white lysozyme. Ser79 was the first found in a bird lysozyme. A substitution in the active site was found in position 102 which has been considered to participate in the substrate binding at subsites A-C.
Coordinating Functional Chapters of the Joint Commission and Performance for Departments and Teams (1995)

This article reviews the structural changes of the Joint Commission's accreditation manual and relates how organizations can provide documentation that illustrates departmental, team, or hospital-wide efforts to improve quality. The tools reviewed in this article capture systematic performance improvement across functions and departments and include team activity. The tools also can be used as reporting documents to the governing body.
Examples of data processed using a new technique for presentation of coincident- and in-loop impulse-response transient electromagnetic data (1991)

Coincident- and in-loop transient electromagnetic (TEM) methods measure the response as a function of time after the current in a transmitter is switched off suddenly. Voltage measurements at each delay time are often normalized to an apparent conductivity so as to provide a crude indication of the subsurface conductivity structure.The first stage of the new processing technique is to employ a sensitivity analysis to associate each apparent conductivity with a depth. In cases when the actual conductivity structure varies rapidly with depth, the apparent conductivity curves tend to vary slowly as a function of depth. These slowly varying curves appear to be a smoothed version of the actual conductivity structures. The second stage of the processing algorithm is to calculate an approximate operator which is the inverse of the smoothing operator. Applying this inverse operator to the apparent conductivity curve yields a sharper, more rapidly varying estimate of the conductivity, termed the ‘spiked conductivity’. The technique has been applied to field data in an area where the conductivity structure is essentially horizontally layered. The spiked conductivity shows greater contrast and resolution than the apparent-conductivity/depth curve and the results are consistent with those from a more sophisticated three-layer parametric inversion routine. The spiked conductivities are obtained easily and quickly and, unlike the inversion routine, do not require a priori knowledge. The processing technique can be installed on small computers, so results can be generated in the field and a first-order indication of the conductivity structure can be obtained quickly.
Chemical strategies for the presentation and delivery of growth factors (2013)

Since the first demonstration of employing growth factors (GFs) to control cell behaviour in vitro, the spatiotemporal availability of GFs in vivo has received continuous attention. In particular, the ability to physically confine the mobility of GFs has been used in various tissue engineering applications e.g. stents, orthopaedic implants, sutures and contact lenses. The lack of control over the mobility of GFs in scaffolds jeopardizes their performance in vivo. In this feature article, an overview is given on how to effectively present GFs on scaffolds. In the first part, non-covalent strategies are described covering interaction motifs that are generic to direct GF immobilization. In the second part, covalent strategies are described emphasizing the introduction of reactive groups in existing biomaterials. The feature article ends with a description of strategies based on the physical entrapment of growth factors.
From neonatology to pediatric neurology: believing in and working for a bright future (2018)

No abstract available
Rapid application configuration in Amazon cloud using configurable virtual appliances (2011)

Virtual Appliance (VA) promises to dramatically change how software is distributed, installed and configured. Although it simplifies some aspects of the process, it falls short of solving the complete problem. Furthermore, it introduces additional management hassles because of the proliferation of VAs, one for each commonly used scenario. Borrowing the Spring IoC (Inversion of Control) concept from the Java community, we propose a new approach which includes three components: Configurable VAs (similar to a Java class), separate configuration metadata (similar to a configuration file), and the Rapid Application Configurator (RAC) container (similar to the Spring IoC container). The separation of concerns allows each component to be independently developed and the cost to be effectively amortized. We describe the design and implementation of RAC in the Amazon EC2 environment.
Health‐related quality of life in adult dermatitis patients stratified by filaggrin genotype (2016)

Patients with both atopic dermatitis and common FLG mutations are more frequently affected by reduced HRQoL.
Quantitation of Target Molecules from Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Limiting Dilution Assays (1997)

Polymerase chain reaction-based limiting dilution assays (PLDAs), commonly called end-point dilutions, are frequently used to quantify the copy numbers of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other viruses in biological samples; however, the way in which these assays are done, and the mathematical method used to estimate copy numbers, vary from laboratory to laboratory. Here, we describe a statistical method for estimating the number of copies and the associated standard error of the estimate, using a PLDA. The copy number is estimated by the value that maximizes the goodness of fit between the observed numbers of negative reactions and the expected numbers of negative reactions (the latter estimated using a Poisson probability distribution) as measured by the chi2 statistic. The method described here also takes into account user-specified probabilities of obtaining a false-positive or a false-negative PCR result, a feature that is not generally available with other limiting dilution estimation procedures. QUALITY, a computer program that implements the estimation strategy, is also described. Simulations illustrate the efficiency of estimation with different numbers of PCR amplifications conducted at each dilution, and different dilution factors. Finally, a simple strategy for more efficient assays is proposed.
3-Dimensional Structural Characterization Approaches of Carbon-Supported Au13 Nano-Clusters (2004)

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Improving the Utility of Laryngeal Adductor Reflex Testing (2015)

We have established a new LAR protocol that permits quantification of novel LAR metrics that are translatable between mice and humans. Using this protocol, we showed that VF adduction is impaired in primary aging mice, whereas VF abduction is impaired in ALS-affected mice. These preliminary findings highlight the enhanced diagnostic potential of LAR testing.
Two-Phase Swirling Flow in a Gas-Liquid Separator (2008)

Air-water swirling flows in a one-fifth model of a steam separator in a boiling water nuclear reactor are measured to obtain a database for modeling and verification of numerical methods for predicting swirling flows in the separator. Flow patterns, liquid film thicknesses, separated flow rates and the ratio Ws* of the separated flow to the total liquid flow are measured using a high-speed camera, a laser focus displacement meter and flowmeters. Main conclusions obtained are as follows: (1) liquid transfer from droplets to liquid film is caused not only by droplet deposition but also by the collection of droplets on the vanes of the swirler, (2) Ws* increases with the gas volume flux JG and does not depend on the liquid volume flux JL so much because a large centrifugal force caused by the swirler makes most of droplets in the gas core deposit on the liquid film before the separation and (3) a local peak appears in the axial distribution of film thickness, the position of which corresponds to the location where the droplet deposition caused by the centrifugal force has completed.
ChemInform Abstract: An Improved Synthesis of Methyl E‐5‐Nitro‐2‐pentenoate. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.