gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reconfigurable controllers for synchronization via wagging (2011)

Synchronization via wagging is a method by which a high bandwidth data signal can be partitioned into several lower bandwidth data signals in order to increase the synchronization time of a master-slave latch configuration, and by consequence the mean time between failure for each of the latches in the lower bandwidth array of devices. Furthermore, reconfigurable controller hardware grants the circuit designer direct control over the synchronization time of the array of master-slave latches via the use of one-hot control codes.This work assesses the benefits of unified reconfigurable controller designs over brute force methods when accounting for effects such as process variations. The reconfiguration protocol is discussed, and three separate controller implementations for a wagging synchronizer are compared in a UMC 90 nm technology with operational frequencies of 37 GHz, 19 GHz, and 12 GHz and average power consumption between 1.3 ¼W and 7.5 ¼W per cell in the typical case. Furthermore, the area cost of a unified reconfigurable control device is shown to have a linear growth in complexity as compared the exponential growth present when utilizing selective hardware replication of configurable modes. Conclusions are then drawn outlining future directions for research.
Thyristor Devices for Electric Power Systems (1982)

Thyristors of higher voltage and current ratings containing new gate and self-protective features are being developed at General Electric with EPRI (Electric Power Research Institute) support. Some of the more important of these are described in this paper. Devices include light triggered thyristors (LTT's), now at the 5 and 6KV level, and asymr metric light triggered thyristors (ALTT's) with 50% higher surge capability and 50% faster turn-off times than a regular thyristor. New features include "controlled turn-on", which protects thyristors from destructive di/dt during turn-on, and " voltage breakover" (VBO) protection, which prevents destructive avalanche current turn-on.
Predicted reliability of aerospace electronics: Application of two advanced probabilistic concepts (2013)

Two advanced probabilistic design-for-reliability (PDfR) concepts are addressed and discussed in application to the prediction, quantification and assurance of the aerospace electronics reliability: 1) Boltzmann-Arrhenius-Zhurkov (BAZ) model, which is an extension of the currently widely used Arrhenius model and, in combination with the exponential law of reliability, enables one to obtain a simple, easy-to-use and physically meaningful formula for the evaluation of the probability of failure (PoF) of a material or a device after the given time in operation at the given temperature and under the given stress (not necessarily mechanical), and 2) Extreme Value Distribution (EVD) technique that can be used to assess the number of repetitive loadings that result in the material/device degradation and eventually lead to its failure by closing, in a step-wise fashion, the gap between the bearing capacity (stress-free activation energy) of the material or the device and the demand (loading). It is shown that the material degradation (aging, damage accumulation, flaw propagation, etc.) can be viewed, when BAZ model is considered, as a Markovian process, and that the BAZ model can be obtained as the ultimate steady-state solution to the well-known Fokker-Planck equation in the theory of Markovian processes. It is shown also that the BAZ model addresses the worst, but a reasonably conservative, situation. It is suggested therefore that the transient period preceding the condition addressed by the steady-state BAZ model need not be accounted for in engineering evaluations. However, when there is an interest in understanding the transient degradation process, the obtained solution to the Fokker-Planck equation can be used for this purpose. As to the EVD concept, it attributes the degradation process to the accumulation of damages caused by a train of repetitive high-level loadings, while loadings of levels that are considerably lower than their extreme values do not contribute appreciably to the finite lifetime of a material or a device. In our probabilistic risk management (PRM) based analysis we treat the stress-free activation energy (capacity) as a normally distributed random variable, and choose, for the sake of simplicity, the (single-parametric) Rayleigh law as the basic distribution underlying the EVD. The general concepts addressed and discussed are illustrated by numerical examples. It is concluded that the application of the PDfR approach and particularly the above two advanced models should be considered as a natural, physically meaningful, informative, comprehensive, and insightful technique that reflects well the physics underlying the degradation processes in materials, devices and systems. It is the author's belief that they will be widely used in engineering practice, when high reliability is imperative, and the ability to quantify it is highly desirable.
Active Vibration Control of a Double-Curved Shell Structure Using the Example of Stuttgart Smartshell (2012)

The present contribution deals with concepts for active vibration control of a thin double-curved shell structure. The structure, Stuttgart SmartShell, is located at the University of Stuttgart. It is made of softwood and is equipped with strain gages to determine the state of static and dynamic loading. Furthermore a force input is provided at the supports of the structure using hydraulic cylinders. Here a model-based two-degree-of-freedom control concept for vibration damping is presented which is based on a dynamical model derived from Finite Element simulations. The control strategy uses modal decoupling of the system states to enable the manipulation and damping of single eigenmodes. An optimal control strategy is chosen to dampen oscillations as quickly as possible while considering limitations on the force input and peak stresses. The proposed control algorithms are applied to the shell structure under consideration and their applicability is demonstrated by simulation and experimental results.
Phytochemical Constituents and Biological Activities of Origanum syriacum (2009)

The cytotoxicity of the methanol extract of Origanum syriacum against human cerivical adenocarcinoma, Hela cells, was evaluated by the MTT assay. From the crude extract, a new flavone glycoside, acacetin-7-O-[2´´-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-6´´-O-β -D-glucopyranosyl]-β -D-glucopyranoside (1), together with the ten known flavonoids luteolin (2), apigenin (3), luteolin-6-C-glucoside (4), luteolin-3´-methylether-6-C-glucoside (5), luteolin-7,4´-dimethyether-6-C-glucoside (6), apigenin-7- methylether-6-C-glucoside (7), apigenin-7-O-glucoside (8), diosmetin-7-O-glucoside (9), acacetin- 7-O-glucoside (10) and acacetin-7-O-rutinoside (11), was isolated from the methanol extract of the aerial parts of Origanum syriacum. The structure elucidation of the isolated compounds was performed by spectroscopic and chromatographic methods.
Mass Spectrometric Analysis. Aromatic Halogenated Compounds (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMass Spectrometric Analysis. Aromatic Halogenated CompoundsF. W. McLaffertyCite this: Anal. Chem. 1962, 34, 1, 16–25Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60181a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60181a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views178Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Experiments with a self-propelled body submerged in a fluid with a vertical density gradient (1963)

It is shown that the turbulent wake of a self-propelled body moving in a fluid with a vertical density gradient is considerably different than of the same body moving in a fluid having no density gradient. In the uniform density case, the turbulent mixed fluid behind the body expands into an irregular conical shape. In the case of a density gradient, the initial expansion of the mixed fluid is quickly followed by a collapse in the vertical direction which is accompanied by a further spreading in the horizontal direction. This phenomenon is caused by the force of gravity. The volume of fluid behind the self-propelled body has a more or less constant density due to mixing. Thus, it is forced to seek its own density level in the undisturbed fluid. The collapsing vertical wake is shown to be an efficent generator of internal waves, many of high order. These manifest themselves in surface movements. The assumption that the internal waves are damped only by viscosity, not by turbulence, leads to results in general accord with the observations.
Constraint Fracture in Simulated Weldments (1996)

Abstract Simulated under-matched butt weldments have been fabricated using commercially pure titanium (CP Ti) as an interleaf material diffusion bonded to a higher strength 6Al-4V titanium (6Al-4V Ti). Four-point bend bars were constructed where-by the only changing geometric feature is the thickness of the CP Ti interleaf which varied from 12 to 1.7 mm. The CP Ti and 6Al-4V Ti elastic moduli are 112.3 and 115.1 MPa while the yield stresses are 366 MPa and 896 MPa respectively. A through-crack was inserted in the center of the CP Ti interleaf. Due to the close moduli, the elastic T constraint terms do not change as the CP Ti interleaf thickness is varied. However, under plastic loading, the thickness of the interleaf has a large effect on the local plastic fields surrounding the crack tip as well as the initiation J values. Using a hybrid approach with moire interferometry and finite element methods, it has been found that the higher strength 6Al-4V Ti acts to constrain the crack tip plastic zone. The net result of this constraint is a reorientation of plastic flow in the CP Ti interleaf from 90 to 45 and 135 degrees and a mean stress 2.8 times larger that the flow stress. To understand the effect of the hydrostatic constraint on the initiation process in the CP Ti interleaf, a series of double interleaf tensile bars have been developed to obtain stress-strain curves of the CP Ti interleaf under varied constraint states. These tensile specimens indicate that for the highly constrained CP Ti interleafs, that the mode of fracture initiation is due to a form of cleavage initiating at the titanium carbide stringers.
Abstract 5520: Thermally targeted proapoptotic peptide for cancer therapy (2010)

Abstract Peptide based therapy is a promising field of anti-cancer therapy. The biologically active therapeutic peptides, derived from an endogenous protein or designed synthetically, can inhibit or activate important cellular pathways to promote cancer cell death. The major challenges of peptide based therapy are stability and tumor-specificity of the therapeutic peptides. One of the methods to increase stability and target the therapeutic peptide to the tumor site is to utilize stimulus-responsive macromolecular carriers. We have designed a therapeutic peptide, SynB1-ELP-(KLAKLAK)2 based on the thermally responsive biopolymer, elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) and the mitochondrial membrane disrupting proapoptotic peptide, (KLAKLAK)2. Additionally, a cell penetrating peptide, SynB1 has been included in the N-terminus of this polypeptide in order to increase the polypeptide's membrane permeability. SynB1 is an 18-mer peptide derived from protegrins, which are antimicrobial peptides found in porcine leukocytes. The utilities of ELP are two-fold - 1) it is a macromolecule and therefore can provide stability to the overall polypeptide system, and 2) it is thermally responsive and therefore can be targeted to the tumor site by external application of local hyperthermia. The unique phase transition property of ELP allows it to remain soluble at physiological temperature but forces it to aggregate in response to mild hyperthermia (40 - 42 °C). Therefore, SynB1-ELP-(KLAKLAK)2 can be targeted to solid tumors by the application of local hyperthermia without being degraded before reaching the tumor. The anti-proliferative effect of SynB1-ELP-(KLAKLAK)2 was examined in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. While the polypeptide was not cytotoxic to cells at 37 °C, it killed about 40% of cells at 42 °C after 6 days with two one hour treatments. Similar treatment schedule resulted in approximately 4-fold increase in apoptosis induction at 42 °C compared to 37 °C. Confocal microscopy showed that SynB1-ELP-(KLAKLAK)2 localizes in the mitochondria which supports the mitochondrial membrane disrupting feature of the (KLAKLAK)2 peptide. In conclusion, SynB1-ELP-(KLAKLAK)2 localizes in the mitochondria and inhibits the proliferation of MCF-7 cells in combination with hyperthermia by inducing apoptosis. Further studies include determining the proapoptotic effects of SynB1-ELP-(KLAKLAK)2 in vivo. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5520.
Selective oxidation of veratryl alcohol with composites of Au nanoparticles and graphene quantum dots as catalysts (2015)

Veratryl alcohol can be oxidized to veratryl aldehyde or veratric acid with excellent selectivity and efficient conversion under acidic and alkaline conditions using Au nanoparticles and graphene quantum dot composites (Au/GQDs) as catalysts.
Nonstationary Discrete Convolution Kernel for Multimodal Process Monitoring (2019)

Data-driven process monitoring has benefited from the development and application of kernel transformations, especially when various types of nonlinearity exist in the data. However, when dealing with the multimodality behavior that is frequently observed in the process operations, the most widely used radial basis function (RBF) kernel has limitations in describing process data collected from multiple normal operating modes. In this article, we highlight this limitation via a synthesized example. In order to account for the multimodality behavior and improve the fault detection performance accordingly, we propose a novel nonstationary discrete convolution kernel, which derives from the convolution kernel structure, as an alternative to the RBF kernel. By assuming the training samples to be the support of the discrete convolution, this new kernel can properly address these training samples from different operating modes with diverse properties and, therefore, can improve the data description and fault detection performance. Its performance is compared with RBF kernels under a standard kernel principal component analysis framework and with other methods proposed for multimode process monitoring via numerical examples. Moreover, a benchmark data set collected from a pilot-scale multiphase flow facility is used to demonstrate the advantages of the new kernel when applied to an experimental data set.
Evolution of Power System CIM to Digital Twins - A Comprehensive Review and Analysis (2021)

Common Information Model (CIM) is a well established open standard in the power systems domain due to its common shared vocabulary used to communicate messages between various applications. CIM needs to be extended as and when new business requirements arise. CIM has multiple utilisation in power system application ranging from developing an interoperable software application to a cyber-physical system. The latest power system digital twins' trend to establish smarter energy grids highlights new requirements for CIM utilisation. In this context, this paper presented a comprehensive understanding of advancements in CIM research in segments of power generation, transmission, distribution, electricity markets, and consumers. Further, paper discussed the role of digital twins in the emerging power systems.
Assessment of Different Substrates for Removal of Endocrine Disrupting Compounds in Wasterwater and the Potential Effects on Food Chain Pathways (2012)

2012 S.C. Water Resources Conference - Exploring Opportunities for Collaborative Water Research, Policy and Management
Critical care medicine in the United States 1985–2000: An analysis of bed numbers, use, and costs* (2004)

CCM is increasingly used and prominent in a shrinking U.S. hospital system. CCM occupancy is lower than expected. Despite its increasing use and cost, CCM is using proportionally less of national health expenses and the gross domestic product than previously estimated.
Targeting and enhanced LAK cytolysis of EpiCAM-positive tumor cells by a chimeric antibody (2004)

1281 EpiCAM (37-40 kDa) molecule is overexpressed on cell surface membranes of most human epithelial cancers and therefore may be a promising tumor-associated antigen for target-directed immunotherapy for most malignant diseases. In tumor cells, expression MHC class I is frequently down-regulated and tumor-specific cytotoxic lymphocytes are either not activated or in a status of anergy, thereby permitting tumors to grow progressively. Thus innovative modes of therapy which utilizes non-MHC-restricted lymphocytes in conjunction with chimeric/humanized antibodies are needed. In this study we characterized a mouse monoclonal antibody specific for an epitope on the EpiCAM molecule. This antibody was subsequently chimerized with the constant region of human IgG1, which was to bind to most cell lines and tissue specimens of a variety of epithelial tumor types as assessed by immuno-fluorescence/flow cytometric anaylsis and immunohistiochemistry. By 4-h 51Cr release cytotoxicity assays, this chimeric antibody (XO3) could induce enhanced antitumor cytolytic activity of ex vivo prepared IL2-activated human peripheral blood lymphocytes (LAK), biological response modifer (BRM)-activated killers (BAK, CD56+ cells including γδ T cells and NK, using IL2, anti-CD3, TNF-α), or perpheral blood mononuclear cells prepared from patients treated with IL2 (“in vivo LAK”). The targets used included HepG2 (HCC), HT-29 (colon) and BT-20 (breast) tumor cell lines. This enhancement of effector-mediated cytolysis induced by XO3 was demonstrated by comparison of their lytic units or percentages of specific cytolysis at a given effector: target ratio with those exhibited by the corresponding effector cells alone. The antitumor cytolytic effects were found to be further increased when IL2 was added (50-500 U/ml) to the mixture of target-effector cells during the cytotoxicity assay. The cytolytic mechanism was through antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytoxicity (ADCC), since the killing effect was not shown by use of this antibdoy without having the Fc portion. We conclude that the XO3 chimeric antibody is a suitable candidate for immunotherapy of EpiCAM-positive carcinomas, and that this antibody and the effector cell preparations used merits further investigation.
HLA: fertile territory for developmental genes? (1994)

The HLA gene complex is well known for several reasons, for example, for immunologic studies of peptide presentation, the remarkable polymorphism and the ensuing problems in transplantation, and the association of particular alleles and haplotypes with susceptibility to autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. But for nearly 20 years, there have also been sporadic reports of HLA associations with neural tube defects, spontaneous abortion and infertility, and observations of transmission distortion and deficits of homozygotes. Part of the interest in these reports is because of the identification of developmental genes in or near the murine MHC that affect embryonic and germ cell differentiation. The first part of this review discusses current gene mapping of murine chromosome 17 and human chromosome 6, in light of the spectrum of new genes that have been identified and the colinearity of genes in the two MHCs. The second part scrutinizes published data on HLA associations.
Understanding the Progression of Function and Psychological Readiness of Pre-Adolescent Athletes Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction (2022)

Background: Patient reported outcome measures (PROM) allow for a comprehensive assessment of physical and emotional factors not accounted for by functional performance testing after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). The ACL-RSI gauges an athlete’s psychological readiness to return to sport and recent evidence suggest this measure may help identify individuals at risk of secondary injury. Our current knowledge of how physical function and psychological preparedness change during recovery after ACLR in youth athletes it limited. Understanding the change and interplay between these factors will help optimize rehabilitation and improve patient care. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in psychological readiness (ACL-RSI), knee related function (Pedi-IKDC) and generalized activity (Pedi-FABS) throughout the course of rehabilitation in a group of pre-adolescents after ACLR. Methods: A prospective observational cohort study of pre-adolescent athletes who underwent ACLR within a single institution. All subjects had surgery between 12/2017-12/2020 and followed institutional specific protocol emphasizing clinical rehabilitation for a duration of 7-9 months. Subjects completed a series of PROM (ACL-RSI, Pedi-IKDC and Pedi-FABS) quarterly for the initial 12 months following ACLR. Friedman’s test for repeated measures and Wilcoxon Matched Pairs Signed Ranks Test with a Bonferonni correction (p &lt;= 0.017) was used to determine if differences existed amongst each measure over time. Results: A total of 28 subjects were included in this analysis (21 male; mean age 12.43 ± 1.40 yrs). Pedi-FABS and Pedi-IKDC both demonstrated significant changes from 3 months (Pedi-FABS 2.63 ± 3.95, Pedi-IKDC 70.84 ± 11.36) to 6 months (Pedi-FABS 9.9 ± 8.55, Pedi-IKDC 87.05 ± 8.03) and from 6 to 9 months (Pedi-FABS 16.57 ± 6.88, Pedi-IKDC 94.40 ± 5.24) (p &lt;= 0.017)(Figure 1 &amp; 2). ACL-RSI approached significance for 3 months (57.81 ± 24.73) to 6 months (70.36 ± 19.77) (p = 0.019) and was definitively significant for changes between 6 to 9 months (85.83 ± 11.02) (p = 0.003) (Figure 3). No significant change was observed between 9-12 months post-operatively for any of these measures. Conclusion: In preadolescent athletes, steady improvements in generalized activity and knee function occur during the first 9 months following ACLR. Psychological readiness to return to sport trended upwards, but didn’t reach statistical significance until later in recovery. Beyond 9 months, physical function and psychological preparedness remain largely unchanged. These data support a prolonged recovery period is required to maximize self-reported function and psychological readiness after ACLR in preadolescent athletes. [Figure: see text][Figure: see text][Figure: see text]