gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of GM1 ganglioside after focal cerebral ischemia in halothane-anesthetized cats. (1989)

The effect of the ganglioside GM1 was studied in a focal cerebral ischemia model in 30 cats consisting of 2 hours of middle cerebral artery occlusion followed by 4 hours of recirculation. The cerebrocortical electrical activity, extracellular potassium activity, and microcirculation indicated by NAD/NADH fluorescence were measured during occlusion as well as during recirculation in the core of the middle cerebral artery territory, while the cerebral metabolic rate for glucose (ICMRgl) was measured at the end of recirculation. The cats were classified into either mildly or moderately severe stroke groups based on the depression of the cerebrocortical electrical activity on the occluded side. Of 12 cats with only a mild stroke, six were administered GM1 intravenously 30 minutes after occlusion, while six cats were not treated. Of 12 cats with a moderate stroke, six were treated and six were left untreated. In six additional cats, only a sham insult was undertaken. In the cats with mild stroke, GM1 treatment significantly increased lCMRgl in the peripheral middle cerebral artery territory compared with the untreated cats; for the six treated cats, lCMRgl was normalized toward the control level, whereas it was depressed in the six untreated cats. There were no other significant effects of GM1 treatment on the other measured parameters. A potential protective effect of anesthesia is discussed.
LED‐backlit computer screens influence our biological clock and keep us more awake (2012)

Abstract— In commodity LC flat‐panel displays, the traditional CCFL backlight is being replaced more and more by LEDs. The typical spectrum of LED‐lit displays shows a significantly higher amount of blue light in the range around 464 nm. Blue light in this wavelength area suppresses the melatonin level in humans and thus effects the biological clock. Our hypothesis was that the amount of blue light reaching the human eye from a LED‐backlit display is sufficient to have a significant effect on the biological clock. The results of clinical user studies comparing the effects of LED‐ vs . CCFL‐backlit displays on humans, resulting from the emitted amount of 464‐nm light, will be presented. It was found that the LED‐backlit display causes significant suppression of melatonin, which effects the biological clock of the test persons, indicating the necessity for displays with a controllable 464‐nm emission. A technical concept for a display with such functionality will be presented.
Argumentation Theory and Argumentative Practices: A Vital but Complex Relationship (2017)

To illustrate the development of argumentation theory, the paper traces the journey of the pragma-dialectical theory as it widened its scope, step by step, from an abstract model of critical discussion to the complexities of actual argumentative discourse. It describes how, having contextualized, empiricalized and formalized their approach, pragma-dialecticians are now putting the theory’s analytical instruments to good use in identifying prototypical argumentative patterns in specific communicative activity types in the various communicative domains. This means that they can now start answering the crucial question about the typical characteristics of their discourse asked by interested lawyers, politicians, academics and other practitioners of argumentation.
Site‐Specific Introduction of Sialic Acid into Insulin (2004)

More gain, less pain: A new long-acting insulin (see structure) was created by the enzymatic introduction of sialyllactose into mutant insulins. The glycosylation site was introduced into the insulin by point mutation without loss of biological activity. The experimental results with mice clearly demonstrated that the introduction of a sialic acid residue is crucial in prolonging glucose-lowering activity in the blood.
Induction of interleukin‐1β by interleukin‐4 in lipopolysaccharide‐treated mixed glial cultures: microglial‐dependent effects (2007)

Glial-secreted proinflammatory mediators are dynamically involved in central nervous system responses to exogenous stimuli such as infection, neurotoxins, and nerve injury. The therapeutic use of anti-inflammatory agents may reduce certain central nervous system pathology induced by inflammatory responses. We investigated the role of interleukin (IL)-4 in modulating the production of proinflammatory mediators from lipopolysaccharide-stimulated mixed glia in vitro. Interestingly, IL-4 significantly enhanced IL-1beta secretion and did not affect monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 release, even though IL-4 considerably inhibited IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and nitric oxide production from rat neonatal mixed glia. Further, IL-4 exhibited inhibitory effects on IL-1beta production in microglial-enriched cultures, while significantly increasing IL-1beta production in microglial-depleted glia. The enhancing effect of IL-4 on IL-1beta production was found to be inversely correlated with the percentage of microglia present in the mixed glial population. In summary, IL-4 did not act as a global anti-inflammatory cytokine and in fact, under certain situations enhanced IL-1beta secretion. We conclude that IL-4 exerts its anti-inflammatory effects in a limited and target-specific manner, which is delicately regulated by the cellular microenvironment. Therefore, precaution should be taken when clinically using IL-4 to treat diseases manifested by overt inflammatory responses.
Effect of Insulin on Rate of Hepatic Uptake of NEFA. (1960)

Concentrations of NEFA in plasma of blood obtained from splenic artery, portal and hepatic veins were measured in un-anesthetized dogs together with hepatic plasma flow. Rates of hepatic and non-hepatic splanchnic uptake or output of NEFA were calculated before and after insulin administration. A marked increase in rate of hepatic uptake of NEFA was observed after insulin administration. No significant change in rate of NEFA output from non-hepatic splanchnie area was found.
Test de las memorias de acceso-aleatorio RAM (1999)

Esta tesisdoctoral recoge importantes soluciones para resolver el problema del test de las memorias de acceso aleatorio independientemente del tipo de las memorias, del diseno de las celdas de la matriz de elementos de la memoria y el diseno de decodificador. Se han introducido nuevos modelos de faltas que explican el comportamiento defectuoso de celdas adyacentes, y se han explicado a nivel electronico algunos defectos fisicos modelados por faltas. Se han generado procedimientos de test conlocalizacion y distincion de las faltas. Estos procedimientos de test son independientes del diseno cel decodificador. Se han detectado todos los modelos de fatas tanto a nivel del decodificador como a nivel de la matriz de elementos de la memoria. Se ha introducido una modficacion en lo que es usual en los algoritmos galope. Concretamente se ha dividido la matriz de elementos de la memoria en diferentes conjuntos de celdas, las pares, las impares, las celdas del primer y el segundo grupo para-impar. Esta divisionpermite distinguir entre celdas de la memoria y abrir unnuevo camino para la generacion de nuevos algoritmos de test capaces de cubir el maximo rango de faltas. De este modo, se ha definido el estado logico de la matriz de elementos de la memoria, y se han detectado todas las faltas conocidas. SE hanintroducido nuevos estados logicos de la matriz de elementos de la memoria con respecto a los usuales de los algoritmos galope; estos estados pemiten estructurar aun mas los algoritmos y conocer los pasos de test aplicados y los valores esperados del contenido de la memoria. Los algorimos DITEC- y DITEC+ aplican adicionalmente los nuevos estados logicos 01,10,0011,1100. Se han expuesto tambien los detalles de la aensibilidad de las faltas y se ha destacdo la idea de distancia entre los elementos galope de sensibilizacion de deteccion, ademas de su influencia en el cubrimiento de las faltas de acoplamiento. Se ha reducido el tiem
Nanophotonics with photonic crystals (2004)

This study discusses the progress of nanophotonics with photonic crystal concepts. This technology has provided researchers with new design, fabrication, and characterization tools to explore a wide range of applications. The progress in this area has been due in no small measure to the availability of novel materials processing techniques that have been developed to fabricate new devices with precise control over the random variability limited to a few nanometers.
Mechanistic Pathways of the Hydroxyl Radical Reactions of Quinoline. 2. Computational Analysis of Hydroxyl Radical Attack at C Atoms (2005)

Density functional theory (DFT) calculations are employed to compare the mechanism of the *OH attacks at all carbon atoms in quinoline. The computational analysis of the energy surface for the reaction of *OH with quinoline reveals that the formation of OH adducts proceeds through exothermic formation of pi-complexes/H-bonded complexes. The gas-phase reactions have activation energies ranging from <1.3 kcal/mol for the attack at positions C3 through C8 to 8.6 kcal/mol for the attack at the C2 position. Solvation, as described by the CPCM cavity model, lowers these activation barriers so that the attack at all carbon atoms except C2 is effectively barrierless. The *OH attack at C2 in solution is significantly different than at all other quinoline positions because it involves the only transition structure with energy higher than that of the starting materials and with an energetic barrier of 5.1 kcal/mol. The specific solvation approach also corroborates this finding because the attack at C2 was shown to have an energy barrier of 2.3 kcal/mol compared to the barrierless attack at C5. These results are in agreement with our recent experimental studies but differ from literature reports on the degradation of quinoline using the photo-Fenton reaction.
Abstract 15736: Nasal Nitric Oxide and Systemic Nitric Oxide Reserve Stratification of Surgically Palliated Congenital Heart Disease (2017)

Introduction: Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in vasoregulation. Oxygen is both a substrate for NO production and a determinant of the half-life of nitrite (pNO2-), a vascular storage for...
Sex-Specific Control of Human Heart Maturation by the Progesterone Receptor (2021)

These data provide a blueprint for understanding human heart maturation in both sexes and reveal an important role for the progesterone receptor in human heart development.
Catalyzed electrochemical dissolution for spent catalyst recovery (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCatalyzed electrochemical dissolution for spent catalyst recoveryLaura J. Silva, Lane A. Bray, and Dean W. MatsonCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1993, 32, 11, 2485–2489Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00023a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00023a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views151Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Overexpression of aflR Leads to Upregulation of Pathway Gene Transcription and Increased Aflatoxin Production in Aspergillus flavus (1997)

The aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway regulatory gene, aflR, encodes a putative 47-kDa protein containing a zinc cluster DNA binding motif. It is required for the transcription of all of the characterized aflatoxin pathway genes in both Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of aflR overexpression on temporal gene expression, aflatoxin production, and nitrate inhibition of aflatoxin biosynthesis in A. flavus. An inducible expression construct was made by fusing the coding region of aflR to the promoter region of the A. flavus adh1 gene. This construct was transformed into A. flavus 656-2 (FGSC A1010), a strain mutated at the aflR locus. Strain 656-2 containing the adh1(p)::aflR construct had induced transcription of two early aflatoxin pathway genes, nor-1 and pksA, and produced wild-type concentrations of aflatoxin in a temporal pattern similar to that of wild-type strains of A. flavus. Strains 656-2 and 86-10 (FGSC A1009) an aflatoxigenic strain, were transformed with a construct containing the constitutive promoter gpdA driving aflR. Transformants of these strains constitutively expressed aflR, fas-1A, pksA, nor-1, and omtA but did not constitutively produce aflatoxin. Strain 86-10 containing the gpdA(p)::aflR construct produced 50 times more aflatoxin than 86-10, but the temporal pattern of aflatoxin production was the same as for 86-10, and aflatoxin production was also induced by sucrose. The addition of 10 g of nitrate per liter to sucrose low salts medium inhibited aflatoxin production by both strain 86-10 and a transformant of 86-10 containing the gpdA(p)::aflR construct, indicating that nitrate inhibition of aflatoxin biosynthesis does not occur solely at the level of aflR transcription. These studies show that constitutive overexpression of the pathway transcriptional regulatory gene aflR leads to higher transcript accumulation of pathway genes and increased aflatoxin production but that the initiation of aflatoxin biosynthesis is not solely regulated by the transcriptional activities of the biosynthetic pathway.
Pathogenic associations with yellows disease of Dodonaea viscosa in Hawaiʻi (1992)

Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq. in Hawai'i is afflicted with a severe yellowing disorder with symptoms which include the production of pendulous, chlorotic witches' brooms, a decrease in leaf size combined with the distortion of leaf lamina, the suppression of flowering, and progressive defoliation leading to the eventual death of afflicted plants. The disease was first reported in 1984 occurring in Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park on the island of Hawai'i and has since been observed on the islands of Kauai, Maui, and Oahu. Field studies initiated in 1988 and continued over a three year period indicate a slow rate of spread of the disease based upon visual symptom expression. Viruslike particles 16 nm in diameter and 700 nm in length and double-stranded RNA of molecular weight 3 X 106 daltons were isolated from diseased plants but were absent from healthy plants. DNA complementary to dsRNA was cloned in E. coli and shown to be of non-host origin. Leaves from symptomatic and symptomless plants collected from field sites on Hawai'i, Maui, and Kauai were tested with a probe prepared from the highly conserved 165 ribosomal gene of Western X MLO, which has been shown to reliably detect MLOs from a wide range of hosts. On all the islands sampled, 80% of the symptomatic plants and 33% of the symptomless plants growing near diseased plants tested positively with this probe. Leaves and roots of healthy plants grown from seed collected from symptomless D. viscosa did not react with this probe. Pleiomorphic bodies resembling MLOs were observed in phloem tissues of diseased plants using DAPI staining and transmission electron microscopy. Such structures were not observed in healthy plants grown from seed. Partial alleviation of symptoms on diseased plants was noted following stem injections of oxytetracycline at 100 µg/ml. Attempts to transmit MLOs between D. viscosa and Catharanthus roseus by Cuscuta sandwichiana and C. campestris were not successful. The evidence suggests a complex etiology for the yellows disease of Dodonaea viscosa in Hawai'i which includes both viral and mycoplasmal agents.
Abstract 17882: The Novel Biased Apelin Receptor Agonist MM07 Attenuates Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling in Monocrotaline-Induced Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (2017)

Introduction: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) results from pathological remodeling of the pulmonary vasculature. Apelin is a ligand of the G protein-coupled apelin receptor, a vasodilator and...
Fabrication and replication of high efficiency blazed gratings with grayscale electron beam lithography and UV nanoimprint lithography (2020)

In a waveguide-type display for augmented reality, the image is injected in the waveguide and extracted in front of the eye appearing superimposed on the real world scene. An elegant and compact way of coupling these images in and out is by using blazed gratings, which can achieve high diffraction efficiencies, thereby reducing stray light and decreasing the required power levels. This study investigates the fabrication of blazed gratings with grayscale electron beam lithography and the subsequent replication of the realized 3D grating structures in a polymer material with ultraviolet nanoimprint lithography. As such, diffractive elements are realized on a waveguide sheet, with very good control over the dimensions and the profile of the printed features. Blazed gratings are designed for green light (&lambda;= 543 nm) and a diffraction angle of 43&deg;. Making use of a PMMA resist and by carefully optimizing the electron-beam parameters, electron dose distributions and development step, blazed gratings with a pitch of 508 nm and a fill factor of 0.66 are achieved. Finally, a master is realized with two blazed gratings, 3 cm apart, which are replicated using ultraviolet nanoimprint lithography onto a waveguide sheet. The in- and outcoupling of an image through these two blazed gratings is shown, appearing sharp and non-distorted in the environment, and a throughput efficiency of 17.4% is confirmed.
Determining push-off forces in speed skating imitation drills (2021)

Abstract Speed skating takes place on ice rinks and is, therefore, dependent on seasonal conditions. To be able to train all year round, training in the summer months, when no ice rinks are available, consists mainly of athletics and endurance training as well as imitation drills. Imitation drills are exercises, e.g. on a slide board, which imitate the actual skating movement. To objectively evaluate the quality of the execution of these exercises, key performance indicators such as push-off forces need to be quantified. The aim of this work was to determine the push-off forces during speed skating imitation drills using pressure insoles in combination with machine-learning methods. A slide board is usually not instrumented. Here, the slide board was equipped with force plates to record the target variables, i.e. the push-off forces. The input variables to determine the push-off forces were recorded using plantar pressure insoles and triaxial accelerometers. Seven participants took part in the study. Two different machine-learning algorithms were compared. A non-linear deep neural network model and a linear multiple variable regression model. The models were trained using the obtained force–time curves. The linear regression model proved sufficient to predict the push-off forces. The relative difference between the measured and modelled maximum push-off force remained below 5%. This approach, based on a mobile and low-cost measurement system, allows a quantitative analysis of the athlete’s technique/performance. Therefore, we expect the instrument to be a helpful tool for the training of speed skaters.
In-Situ Optical Fluid Analysis as an Aid to Wireline Formation Sampling (1995)

Summary This paper describes the basic theory of operation for a newly developed wireline tool that uses optical principles for continuous analysis of fluid in the flowline of a wireline formation fluid sampler. The tool has a visible and near-infrared absorption spectrometer for fluid discrimination and a refractometer for free gas detection. The Effective Flow Stream (EFS) model has been developed to interpret the measured data and to estimate the volume fraction of water and oil in the tool's flowline for biphasic flow. For triphasic flow, the technique can give a quantitative estimate of water, along with a qualitative evaluation of the amount of oil and gas. We present an example of showing tool response in the laboratory, introduce applications of the technique for aiding formation sampling, and, finally, illustrate the implementation of this technique with field examples.
A new cathode material for super-valent battery based on aluminium ion intercalation and deintercalation (2013)

Due to their small footprint and flexible siting, rechargeable batteries are attractive for energy storage systems. A super-valent battery based on aluminium ion intercalation and deintercalation is proposed in this work with VO2 as cathode and high-purity Al foil as anode. First-principles calculations are also employed to theoretically investigate the crystal structure change and the insertion-extraction mechanism of Al ions in the super-valent battery. Long cycle life, low cost and good capacity are achieved in this battery system. At the current density of 50 mAg(-1), the discharge capacity remains 116 mAhg(-1) after 100 cycles. Comparing to monovalent Li-ion battery, the super-valent battery has the potential to deliver more charges and gain higher specific capacity.
Self-processing of a barley subtilase expressed in E. coli (2014)

The barley protease BAJ93208 belongs to the subtilase family of serine proteases. We have expressed BAJ93208 in the cytoplasm of the Escherichiacoli strain SHuffle C3030 using a rhamnose-inducible promoter. The expression construct included a (His)6-tag at the N-terminus and a strep-tag at the C-terminus. Western blot analysis revealed that the protein was processed at the N- and C-terminus. To exclude that this processing was due to contaminating E. coli proteases, a mutated BAJ93208 protease was constructed. This inactive mutant was not processed, demonstrating that the processing was an autocatalytic process. To define the exact cleavage sites mass spectrometry was used which detected four differently processed versions of the protease. At the N-terminus, the self-processing removed the internal inhibitor and an additional 19 amino acids. At the C-terminus there was a cleavage site after Ala(765) which also removed the strep-tag. This explained the inability to detect the purified (His)6-BAJ93208-strep protease with an anti-strep-tag antibody. Finally, an additional alanine was removed either at the N-terminus (Ala(119)) or at the C-terminus (Ala(764)).