gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Attractors and Basin Class Capacity in Binary Neural Networks (1994)

The wide repertoire of attractors and basins of attraction that appear in dynamic neural networks not only serve as models of brain activity patterns, but they also create possibilities for new computational paradigms that use attractors and their basins. To develop such computational paradigms, it is first critical to assess neural network capacity for attractors and for differing basins of attraction, depending on the number of neurons and the weights. In this paper, the authors analyze the attractors and basins of attraction for recurrent, fully-connected single layer binary networks. They utilize the network transition graph -- a graph that shows all transitions from one state to another for a given neural network -- to show all oscillations and fixed-point attractors, along with the basins of attraction. Conditions are shown whereby pairs of transitions are possible from the same neural network. They derive a lower bound for the number of transition graphs possible, 2(exp n2-n), for an n-neuron network. Simulation results show a wide variety of transition graphs and basins of attraction; sometimes networks have more attractors than neurons. The authors count thousands of basin classes -- networks with differing basins of attraction -- in networks with as few as five neurons. Dynamic networks show promise for overcoming the limitations of static neural networks by use of dynamic attractors and their basins. The results show that dynamic networks have a high capacity for basin classes, can have more attractors than neurons, and have more stable basin boundaries than in the Hopfield associative memory.
Phase II study of gefitinib for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutations detected by PNA-LNA PCR clamp (2006)

7076 Background: The responsiveness to gefitinib has been reported to closely link to the presence of EGFR gene mutations. We developed a method, PNA-LNA PCR clamp, capable of detecting EGFR mutations in the presence of 100-fold background of wild type EGFR from normal cells (Can Res. 2005;65:7276). This study was prospectively designed to evaluate 1) the sensitivity and the specificity of the PNA-LNA PCR clamp (sample size &gt; 100 pts) and 2) a phase II study of gefitinib for NSCLC patients (pts) with EGFR gene mutations (sample size &gt; 25 pts to show the lower limit of 95% CI &gt; 50%). Methods: Clinical samples (sputum, pleural effusion, bronchial fluid and paraffin tissue) were obtained from consecutive NSCLC pts with informed consent in our institution, and were tested by the PNA-LNA PCR clamp. After the second informed consent, for PS 0–2, inoperable stage III and IV pts with EGFR mutations, gefitinib (250mg P.O. daily) was given as the second treatment after docetaxel containing chemotherapy. In case of poor PS pts, the first line chemotherapy was omitted. Results: From Sept. ’04 to Oct. ’05, samples from 100 of a total of 107 pts were informative of EGFR mutation status. PNA-LNA PCR clamp detected EGFR mutations in 38 pts (38%) (15 males/23 females; median age:62; adenoca.:33 pts). Exon 19 deletions, L858R and L861Q were found in 25 (66%), 12 (32%) and 1 (2%) patients, respectively. But 62 pts (51 males/11 females; median age:66; Ad:43 pts) were judged to have wild type EGFR. Between positive and negative pts in EGFR mutation, there was significant difference in the distinction of sex (p = 0.00001). Gefitinib was given to 26 pts with EGFR mutations as the first line (4 pts) or the second line treatment (22 pts). One patient and 20 patients showed CR and PRs, respectively, and the response rate was 81% (95% CI: 61–94%). For patients with wild EGFR genes, gefitinib was given to 5 patients and one patient (20%) showed PR. The response rate was significantly different between wild and mutant EGFR genes detected by the PNA-LNA PCR clamp (p = 0.017). Conclusions: PNA-LNA PCR clamp could reliably detect EGFR mutations, indicating the method is useful to detect EGFR mutations in clinical specimens. Updated data will be presented at the meeting. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Hypertriglyceridämie: prognostische Bedeutung und Therapiemöglichkeiten (2011)

Elevated Triglyceride levels are associated with increased risk for atherosclerotic disease and additional vascular risk factors such as obesity, hypertension and impaired glucose tolerance. To estimate the individual cardiovascular risk of a patient with elevated triglycerides LDL- and HDL-cholesterol levels, concomitant diseases, composition of triglyceride rich lipoproteins and a family history for premature coronary heart disease are important. Primary goals for the management of hypertriglyceridemia are a reduction of cardiovascular risk and prevention of triglyceride associated complications such as the chylomicronemia syndrome. The basis of treatment are lifestyle changes: dietary intervention, alcohol avoidance, regular physical activity, weight loss and smoking cessation to modify risk factors. If triglyceride levels can not be sufficiently reduced by lifestyle intervention pharmacotherapy (nicotinic acid, fibrates and omega-3-acid ethyl esters) is indicated. Beyond reduction of triglyceride levels optimization of non-HDL-cholesterol by statin treatment is warranted to reduce vascular risk.
Effect of Temperature During Cardiopulmonary Bypass on Gastric Mucosal Perfusion (1998)

CROUGHWELL, N. D.; NEWMAN, M. F.; LOWRY, E.; DAVIS, R. D. JR; IANDOLFO, K. P.; WHITE, W. D.; KIRCHNER, J. L.; MYTHEN, M. G.; Robinson, Stephen T. M.D. Author Information
Surgical Intervention and Accommodative Responses, I: Centripetal Ciliary Body, Capsule, and Lens Movements in Rhesus Monkeys of Various Ages (2008)

The presence of the lens substance, capsule zonular attachments, and Wieger's ligament may play a role in centripetal CP movement. The capsule is still capable of centripetal movement in the older eye (although at a reduced capacity) and may have the ability to produce approximately 6 D of accommodation in the presence of a normal, young crystalline lens or a similar surrogate.
P‐82: Optimization of Transmittance and Color Gamut of LCD by Big Data Strategy (2017)

Since there are great numbers of combinations of BLU/LC/CF/ITO/OC for LCD, an automatic calculation system based on Big Data strategy, was established to acquire optimal transmittance and color gamut. Using this system, 102 million combinations were calculated and nearly 15% increase of transmittance compare to that by normal method was achieved, under same condition of color gamut (NTSC85%) for our recent 75″8K product.
The Radiographic Results and Neurologic Complications of Instrumented Reduction and Fusion of High-Grade Spondylolisthesis Without Decompression of the Neural Elements: A Retrospective Review of 44 Patients (2006)

These data suggest that a posterior instrumented reduction and fusion of high-grade spondylolisthesis without decompression of the neural elements can be accomplished with acceptable radiographic and clinical results.
Development of a magneto-optic current sensor for high, pulsed currents (1986)

A description is given of a current-measurement system based on the Faraday rotation in a one-turn fiber coil. It is shown that an ultralow birefringence ‘‘spun’’ single-mode fiber is extremely suitable in a magneto-optic current sensor. The properties of this fiber were investigated. Measurements of high, pulsed currents (Imax∼1 MA; f=25 kHz), with good accuracy (1%), and in agreement with a conventional method, are presented. Because of the low birefringence, this good accuracy was also reached in the low-current region (ϑ≤π/4 rad). In order to be able to compute the value of large currents unambiguously from the Faraday rotation, a setup with a beam-splitter prism and a second detector was constructed. Some measurements were carried out with this setup.
Synthesis and activity profiles of novel cyclic opioid peptide monomers and dimers (1985)

A new family of cyclic opioid peptide analogues of the type H-Tyr-D-Xxx-Phe-Yyy-NH2 was obtained through amide bond formation between side chain amino and carboxyl groups of Orn (or Lys) and Asp (or Glu) residues substituted in positions 2 and 4 of the peptide sequence. Peptides were synthesized entirely by solid-phase techniques, and aside from the cyclic monomers, cyclization on the benzhydrylamine resin also produced side chain linked antiparallel cyclic dimers due to intersite reaction. In binding studies based on displacement of mu- and delta-opioid receptor-selective radiolabels from rat brain membranes the highly rigid cyclic monomer H-Tyr-D-Orn-Phe-Asp-NH2 (1) (containing a 13-membered ring) was shown to be one of the most selective mu-receptor ligands reported to date, whereas the corresponding cyclic dimer, (H-Tyr-D-Orn-Phe-Asp-NH2)2 (1a), was nonselective. The difference in receptor selectivity observed between 1 and 1a is a consequence of the different conformational constraints present in the cyclic monomer and dimer. In contrast to 1, the conformationally less restricted cyclic analogue H-Tyr-D-Lys-Phe-Glu-NH2 (3) (15-membered ring) showed no receptor preference. Qualitatively similar potency relationships were observed in the guinea pig ileum (GPI) and mouse vas deferens (MVD) bioassays. However, in the case of analogues 1 and 3 discrepancies observed between potencies determined in the mu-receptor-representative GPI bioassay and in the mu-receptor-selective binding assay seemed to indicate that the conformational constraint present in these compounds may produce an "efficacy" enhancement. Corresponding analogues containing an Asp (or Glu) residue in the 2-position and an Orn (or Lys) residue in the 4-position showed similar selectivity relationships, but better agreement between bio- and binding assay data. These results indicate that incorporation of various conformational constraints into opioid peptides permits manipulation of both receptor selectivity and efficacy.
Zur Struktur cyclotrimerer 1,4‐Chinone (1992)

On the Structure of Cyclotrimeric 1,4‐Quinones According to a crystal structure analysis the quinone units of the anthraheptaphene derivative 1b are heavily deformed, due to steric interference. The central ring, however, is plain and shows only slightly alternating bond lengths. So in 2a , which is easier accessible, the central double bonds have retained in part their quinonoid properties: When boiling with piperidine, 2a reacts to 5a , which gives 8a and 9 on reductive acetylation. With sodium hydroxide, 2a forms the pentaphenediquinone 7a and further unidentified products.
Potential Applications of Ontologies and Reasoning for Modeling and Software Engineering. (2008)

In the last few years SAP introduced Service-oriented Architecture as a blueprint for an adaptable, flexible, and open IT architecture for developing services-based, enterprise-scale business solutions. An Enterprise Service is typically a series of Web services combined with business logic that can be accessed and used repeatedly to support a particular business process. Aggregating Web services into business-level enterprise services provides a more meaningful foundation for the task of automating enterprise-scale business scenarios. At the same time, SAP Research was investigating in numerous research projects how ontologies, reasoning, semantic web services technologies, and advanced business process modelling technologies can be applied in order to improve technical foundation behind SAP SOA and business modelling. In this extended abstract we describe some selected business process composition and integration scenarios identified as potential candidates for application of business process composition techniques, semantic technologies, ontologies, and reasoning. We further identify some challenges linked to application of such advanced technologies in the context of modelling and software engineering.
Oral contraceptives and death from myocardial infarction. (1975)

We investigated 219 deaths from myocardial infarction in women under the age of 50. Their histories were compared with those of living age-matched controls selected from the same general practices. The frequency of use of oral contraceptives during the month before death was significantly greater in the group with infarction than during the corresponding month in the control group and the average duration of use was longer. No information of cigarette smoking was available but the proportion of women being treated for hypertension or diabetes was greater among those who died than among the controls. This did not alter the overall conclusion that the risk of fatal myocardial infarction was greater in the women using oral contraceptives, particularly in the older age groups.
Scalable filesystem enumeration and metadata operations (2023)

Systems, apparatus, and methods are disclosed for performing scalable operations in a file system, including POSIX-like file systems. Metadata entries in a namespace or directory tree are sharded across multiple file metadata servers. An enumeration operation, such as listing a directory, is parallelized across the multiple file metadata servers, while retaining standard functionality transparently to clients. Other enumeration operations include no-output operations such as changing file attributes or deleting a file, and cumulative operations such as counting total disk space usage. The parallelization is compatible with tree-level parallelization and storage-level parallelization. Disclosed technologies can be applied to other fields requiring scalable enumeration, such as database and network applications.
Reducing the complexity of visual navigation: Optical track controller for long‐range unmanned aerial vehicles (2019)

Abstract Using vision for navigation of airborne systems provides an opportunity for motion relative to the ground to be controlled in the absence of other supporting sensors including global navigation satellite systems. Rather than relying on computationally intensive localization techniques such as online map construction, identification and tracking of landmarks, or otherwise producing an explicit quantitative estimate of position, we propose and have experimentally demonstrated a closed‐loop visual navigation reflex which we term the optical ground course controller. The behavior is applicable to fixed wing aircraft traversing long ranges, and reduces the online computation and sensors required compared to other visual methods. This method combines the kinematics of fixed wing aircraft flight, the direction of apparent motion of an image sequence, and a magnetic compass to create a bioinspired optomotor reflex similar to those observed in insects. This behavior accurately controls track in the inertial reference frame (path taken over the ground) with only limited dependence on altitude, speed, and wind. We show that the proposed behavior is naturally convergent and stable, and present experimental results from simulation and real‐world flight demonstrating that the method performs robustly, producing improvement over both magnetic‐referenced and visual odometry‐based navigation within the limits of the sensor.
WEE1 inhibition by MK1775 as a single-agent therapy inhibits ovarian cancer viability (2017)

Wee1-like protein kinase (WEE1) contributes to the upstream regulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) complexes by mediating the inactivation of CDK1 [corrected]. Increased expression of WEE1 has been associated with the poor prognosis of patients with ovarian cancer. The present study aimed at examining the <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> antitumor activity of MK1775, a potent pharmacological inhibitor of WEE1, as a single agent against ovarian cancer cells. The cytotoxicity of MK1775 was examined in a panel of tumor cells using MTT <i>in vitro</i>. Subsequently, a cell apoptosis assay was performed in ovarian cancer SKOV3 and ID8 cells to characterize the function of MK1775 in tumor cell apoptosis, under either wild-type tumor protein 53 (p53) or null p53 status. In addition, cell cycle analysis and a western blot analysis were performed to validate the effect of MK1775 on cell cycle progression and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism of cell death. Finally, the <i>in vivo</i> antitumor efficacy of MK1775 as a single agent at a clinical well-tolerated dose was determined. A dose-dependent inhibitory effect of MK1775 on tumor cell viability was determined in distinct cell lines, including B16F10, LLC1, BPS1, EG7, ID8 and SKOV3. Results from the cell cycle analysis and western blotting indicated that MK1775 abrogated the G<sub>2</sub>/M checkpoint through inhibiting the phosphorylation of CDK1 and inducing the apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells that lacked mutations in p53 and breast cancer 1 (BRCA1). Additionally, a significant antitumor effect of MK1775 was observed in C57BL/6 mice bearing syngeneic ID8 ovarian tumors. The results of the present study supported the use of MK1775 as a monotherapy agent in ovarian cancer. MK1775 was effective at inducing mitotic catastrophe, independent of p53 and BRCA1 mutations. Therefore, WEE1 inhibition by MK1775 requires additional investigation to identify novel combination approaches in ovarian cancer therapy with the current DNA damaging agents, including irradiation treatment and cell cycle checkpoint inhibitors.
Figure S12 from The Immune Microenvironment and Neoantigen Landscape of Aggressive Salivary Gland Carcinomas Differ by Subtype (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S12&lt;/p&gt;
Deciphering Platelet Kinetics in Diagnostic and Prognostic Evaluation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2018)

Liver pathophysiology can, directly and indirectly, impose morphological or biochemical abnormalities of the platelets. Conversely, platelets are also able to regulate the promitogenic and profibrotic signals on liver pathobiology. Platelet contribution to the liver pathophysiology is typically facilitated by the platelet-derived growth factors that are sequestered in different subsets of alpha and dense granules, and the release of these growth factors is synchronized according to the stage and type of liver disease or injury. Thus, platelets harbor clinically relevant information with potential diagnostic and prognostic implications in liver diseases. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) largely influences the platelet kinetics, and a growing body of evidence has recognized its association with HCC occurrence or prognosis. This narrative review summarizes the progress made on implicating platelet as a diagnostic and prognostic tool for HCC; the review also dissects the contradictory results from earlier studies and reflects how combining platelet-based information may enable more reliable test for diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of HCC.
Automatic Chiral Selection in a Thermodynamically Predisposed Metathesis Reaction (2003)

[reaction: see text] Tryptophan-derived azoninoindole imines select partners of the same chirality for dimerization to helical macrocycles.
Beyond Gradient Descent for Regularized Segmentation Losses (2019)

The simplicity of gradient descent (GD) made it the default method for training ever-deeper and complex neural networks. Both loss functions and architectures are often explicitly tuned to be amenable to this basic local optimization. In the context of weakly-supervised CNN segmentation, we demonstrate a well-motivated loss function where an alternative optimizer (ADM) achieves the state-of-the-art while GD performs poorly. Interestingly, GD obtains its best result for a "smoother" tuning of the loss function. The results are consistent across different network architectures. Our loss is motivated by well-understood MRF/CRF regularization models in "shallow" segmentation and their known global solvers. Our work suggests that network design/training should pay more attention to optimization methods.
Injection molding handbook : the complete molding operation : technology, performance, economics (1985)

This is an extensively revised and reorganized edition of the acknowledged standard work in the field of injection molding.
Immunochemistry at interfaces. (1989)

The immunochemistry of antibody binding to solid-phase immobilized antigen is reviewed. Experimental data are compared with different theoretical models of reaction mechanisms at solid-liquid interfaces. It was found that reactions at the solid-liquid interface can become limited by the diffusion rate due to depletion of reactants close to the surface, even though the intrinsic bimolecular reaction at the surface is reaction-rate limited. The forward reaction-rate constant decreases with increasing concentration of bound antibodies at the surface, and when not limited by diffusion the forward reaction rate can be more than 1000-fold slower than the corresponding reaction in a liquid solution. Possible explanations for this phenomenon are discussed. The dissociation of bound antibodies is a slow process at solid phases. The antigen-antibody complexes formed are practically irreversible. Some evidence is presented which indicates that the stability of these complexes can be due to attractive lateral interactions between bound antibodies.
Demonstration of generating a 100 Gbit/s orbital-angular-momentum beam with a tunable mode order over a range of wavelengths using an integrated broadband pixel-array structure (2021)

We experimentally generate an orbital-angular-momentum (OAM) beam with a tunable mode order over a range of wavelengths utilizing an integrated broadband pixel-array OAM emitter. The emitter is composed of a 3-to-4 coupler, four phase controllers, and a mode convertor. An optical input is split into four waveguides by the coupler. Subsequently, the four waveguide fields are coherently combined and transformed into a free-space OAM beam by the mode convertor. By tuning the phase delay <i>Δ</i><i>φ</i> between the four waveguides using the integrated phase controllers, the OAM order of the generated beam could be changed. Our results show that (a) a single OAM beam with a tunable OAM order (<i>ℓ</i>=-1 or <i>ℓ</i>=+1) is generated with the intermodal power coupling of <-11<i>d</i><i>B</i>, and (b) in a wavelength range of 6.4 nm, a free-space link of a single 50 Gbaud quadrature-phase-shift-keying (QPSK) channel carried by the tunable OAM beam is achieved with a bit error rate below the forward-error-correction threshold. As proof of concept, a 400 Gbit/s OAM-multiplexed and WDM QPSK link is demonstrated with a ∼1-dB OSNR penalty compared with a single-beam link.
Effects of vaccination of calves against induced Haemophilus somnus pneumonia (1988)

The efficacy of a killed whole-cell Haemophilus somnus bacterin against induced H somnus pneumonia was examined in 10-week-old male calves. Twenty calves were assigned to 1 of the 3 following groups: group 1, nonvaccinated controls (n = 4); group 2, vaccinated once (n = 8); and group 3, vaccinated twice 14 days apart (n = 8). The serum antibody response to vaccination and challenge exposure was evaluated by the bacterial agglutination test and solid-phase immunoassay (SPIA). Vaccinating calves twice, 14 days apart, significantly (P less than 0.05) reduced the severity of clinical signs of pneumonia and gross lesions. Deaths occurred in 1 of 4 nonvaccinated controls, 1 calf vaccinated once, and none of the calves vaccinated twice, 14 days apart. Postvaccination bacterial agglutination titers measured 14 days after the final vaccination were not significantly different between groups 2 and 3, but SPIA titers were significantly (P less than 0.05) higher in groups 2 and 3, compared with those in group 1. The less severe clinical signs of pneumonia observed in group-3 calves, compared with those in calves in groups 1 and 2, were significantly (P less than 0.01) correlated to higher SPIA titers, indicating the protective value of vaccinating twice.