gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ion mass and energy selective hyperthermal ion-beam assisted deposition setup (2017)

For the synthesis of high-quality thin films, ion-beam assisted deposition (IBAD) is a frequently used technique providing precise control over several substantial film properties. IBAD typically relies on the use of a broad-beam ion source. Such ion sources suffer from the limitation that they deliver a blend of ions with different ion masses, each of them possessing a certain distribution of kinetic energy. In this paper, a compact experimental setup is presented that enables the separate control of ion mass and ion kinetic energy in the region of hyperthermal energies (few 1 eV - few 100 eV). This ion energy region is of increasing interest not only for ion-assisted film growth but also for the wide field of preparative mass spectrometry. The setup consists of a constricted glow-discharge plasma beam source and a tailor-made, compact quadrupole system equipped with entry and exit ion optics. It is demonstrated that the separation of monoatomic and polyatomic nitrogen ions (N<sup>+</sup> and N<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup>) is accomplished. For both ion species, the kinetic energy is shown to be selectable in the region of hyperthermal energies. At the sample position, ion current densities are found to be in the order of 1 μA/cm<sup>2</sup> and the full width at half maximum of the ion beam profile is in the order of 10 mm. Thus, the requirements for homogeneous deposition processes in sufficiently short periods of time are fulfilled. Finally, employing the described setup, for the first time in practice epitaxial GaN films were deposited. This opens up the opportunity to fundamentally study the influence of the simultaneous irradiation with hyperthermal ions on the thin film growth in IBAD processes and to increase the flexibility of the technique.
A Ticket for Your Thoughts: Method for Predicting Content Recall and Sales Using Neural Similarity of Moviegoers (2016)

Abstract Skilled advertisers often cause a diverse set of consumers to feel similarly about their product. We present a method for measuring neural data to assess the degree of similarity between multiple brains experiencing the same advertisements, and we demonstrate that this similarity can predict important marketing outcomes. Since neural data can be sampled continuously throughout an experience and without effort and conscious reporting biases, our method offers a useful complement to measures requiring active evaluations, such as subjective ratings and willingness-to-pay (WTP) scores. As a case study, we use portable electroencephalography (EEG) systems to record the brain activity of 58 moviegoers in a commercial theater and then calculate the relative levels of neural similarity, cross-brain correlation (CBC), throughout 13 movie trailers. Our initial evidence suggests that CBC predicts future free recall of the movie trailers and population-level sales of the corresponding movies. Additionally, since there are potentially other (i.e., non-neural) sources of physiological similarity (e.g., basic arousal), we illustrate how to use other passive measures, such as cardiac, respiratory, and electrodermal activity levels, to reject alternative hypotheses. Moreover, we show how CBC can be used in conjunction with empirical content analysis (e.g., levels of visual and semantic complexity).
Research sheds new light on laminitis risk factors (2016)

New research suggests we may soon be able to better identify horses at greater risk of developing pasture-associated laminitis, not only by looking at breed type, body condition score and associated higher risk environments, but also by checking hormone and insulin levels.
Biomaterial and antibiotic strategies for peri‐implantitis: A review (2008)

Dental implants have 89% plus survival rates at 10-15 years, but peri-implantitis or dental implant infections may be as high as 14%. Peri-implantitis can limit clinical success and impose health and financial burdens to patients and health providers. The pathogenic species associated with periodontitis (e.g., Fusobacterium ssp, A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis) are also associated with peri-implantitis. Incidence of peri-implantitis is highest within the first 12 months after implantation, and is higher in patients who smoke or have poor oral health as well as with calcium-phosphate-coated or surface-roughened implants. Biomaterial therapies using fibers, gels, and beads to deliver antibiotics have been used in the treatment of Peri-implantitis though clinical efficacy is not well documented. Guided tissue regeneration membranes (e.g., collagen, poly-lactic/glycolic acid, chitosan, ePTFE) loaded with antimicrobials have shown success in reosseointegrating infected implants in animal models but have not been proven in humans. Experimental approaches include the development of anti-bioadhesion coatings, coating surfaces with antimicrobial agents (e.g., vancomycin, Ag, Zn) or antimicrobial releasing coatings (e.g., calcium phosphate, polylactic acid, chitosan). Future strategies include the development of surfaces that become antibacterial in response to infection, and improvements in the permucosal seal. Research is still needed to identify strategies to prevent bacterial attachment and enhance normal cell/tissue attachment to implant surfaces.
Stream Pollution SOME EXPERIMENTS ON THE TOXICITY OF COM PLEX CYANIDES TO FISH (2016)

The cyanide radical and some of the heavy metals are important constitu ents of toxic industrial effluents which frequently have destroyed aquatic life in receiving waters. In effluents in which they are normally present to gether, such as metal-finishing or elec troplating plant wastes, they occur often as complex cyanides. Yet, very little is known about the lethality of the various complexes to fish. Stu dents of fish toxicology usually have given attention only to the simple alkali metal cyanides and salts of the heavy metals, evaluating the individual toxicity of each. Even chemical knowledge concerning the complex cy anides formed when solutions of these salts are combined is still quite limited. The great toxicity of cyanide to fish has been amply demonstrated. Karsten (1) and Herbert and Merkens (2) have shown that concentrations well below 0.1 p.p.m. as CN_ (0.05 to 0.07 p.p.m.) can be fatal to trout held in continually renewed cyanide solu tions. It has long been known that ferrocyanide and ferricyanide ions are comparatively harmless to fish. How ever, Burdick and Lipschuetz (3) have reported that very dilute potassium ferrocyanide and ferricyanide solu tions (for example, 2 p.p.m. as salt) can soon become highly toxic to fish upon exposure to sunlight, because of liberation of cyanide through rapid photo-decomposition of the otherwise stable complexes. The toxicity of rela tively concentrated solutions of the salts in diffuse light and in the dark was ascribed to the formation of cya nide at a much slower rate. Jones (4) noted that complex salts appear to be generally less toxic than simple salts containing the same elements. The literature on the toxicity to fish of the various metals, as salts, has been reviewed recently by Doudoroff and Katz (5). Interest in the toxicity of various complex cyanides to fish has been stim ulated by the publication of a paper by Milne (6), wherein combination with nickel was proposed as a prac tical method of detoxification of waste cyanide in dilute solutions. It was suggested that only cyanide be considered in establishing limits of cyanide concentration in industrial effluents and receiving waters, in con nection with the regulation of waste disposal. The chemistry of complex formation was outlined, and the con centrations of free cyanide ion available from the dissociation of the
President's message (2015)

Hello again, and welcome to the 2nd Quarter Issue of the EMC Society magazine! Since my last opportunity to write to you, much has happened within and for your Society!
T‐bet is essential for Th1‐mediated, but not Th17‐mediated, CNS autoimmune disease (2013)

T cells that produce both IL-17 and IFN-γ, and co-express ROR-γt and T-bet, are often found at sites of autoimmune inflammation. However, it is unknown whether this co-expression of T-bet with ROR-γt is a prerequisite for immunopathology. We show here that T-bet is not required for the development of Th17-driven experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). The disease was not impaired in T-bet(-/-) mice and was associated with low IFN-γ production and elevated IL-17 production among central nervous system (CNS) infiltrating CD4(+) T cells. T-bet(-/-) Th17 cells generated in the presence of IL-6/TGF-β/IL-1 and IL-23 produced GM-CSF and high levels of IL-17 and induced disease upon transfer to naïve mice. Unlike their WT counterparts, these T-bet(-/-) Th17 cells did not exhibit an IL-17→IFN-γ switch upon reencounter with antigen in the CNS, indicating that this functional change is not critical to disease development. In contrast, T-bet was absolutely required for the pathogenicity of myelin-responsive Th1 cells. T-bet-deficient Th1 cells failed to accumulate in the CNS upon transfer, despite being able to produce GM-CSF. Therefore, T-bet is essential for establishing Th1-mediated inflammation but is not required to drive IL-23-induced GM-CSF production, or Th17-mediated autoimmune inflammation.
Ablation of Liver Tumor by Injection of Hypertonic Saline (2005)

Hypertonic saline injection had the effect of controlling the growth of VX2 carcinoma cells and extending the life of rabbits. It deserves further investigation.
Training High-Volume Melanoma Surgeons to Perform a Novel Minimally Invasive Inguinal Lymphadenectomy: Report of a Prospective Multi-Institutional Trial (2015)

After a structured training program, experienced melanoma surgeons adopted a novel surgical technique with acceptable operative times, conversions, and lymph node yield. Eighty-four percent of the surgeons who completed at least 6 MILND procedures were considered proficient based on our predetermined definition.
Time-dependent approach to electron pumping in open quantum systems (2008)

We use a recently proposed time-dependent approach to investigate the motion of electrons in quantum pump device configurations. The occupied one-particle states are propagated in real time and employed to calculate the local electron density and current. The approach can also be embedded in the framework of time-dependent density functional theory to include electron-electron interactions. An advantage of the present computational scheme is that the same computational effort is required to simulate monochromatic, polychromatic, and nonperiodic drivings. Furthermore, initial-state dependence and history effects are naturally accounted for. We present results for one-dimensional devices exposed to a traveling potential wave. (i) We show that for pumping across a single potential barrier, electrons are transported in pockets and the transport mechanism resembles pumping of water with the Archimedean screw; (ii) we propose a simple model to study pumping through semiconductor nanostructures and we address the phenomenon of the current flowing in the opposite direction to the field propagation; (iii) we present the first numerical evidence of long-lived superimposed oscillations as induced by the presence of bound states and discuss the dependence of their lifetime on the frequency and amplitude of the driving field. By combining Floquet theory with nonequilibrium Green's functions, we also obtain a general expression for the pumped current in terms of inelastic transmission probabilities. This latter result is used for benchmarking our propagation scheme in the long-time limit. Finally, we discuss the limitations of Floquet-based algorithms and suggest our approach as a possible way to go beyond them.
[Isolated tricuspid valve replacement. Long-term results]. (2000)

The purpose of this study was to examine the early and late results in 29 patients who underwent 32 (6 mechanical and 26 bioprostheses) isolated tricuspid valve replacement (TVR) from a total of 79 TVR and 375 tricuspid annuloplasties performed at the Montréal Heart Institute, between January 1978 and January 1998. Patients' ages ranged from 25 to 70 years (mean 48 years), and 62% were females. Twenty-seven patients (84%) were in New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class III and IV. Previous valve surgery had been performed in 22 patients (69%) of which 9 had undergone TVR. Postoperatively, permanent pacemaker was implanted in 9 patients (28%), and immediate reoperation was required in 2 patients because of bleeding. Mean follow-up period was 67.7 months (93% complete). Serial echocardiography showed 3 prosthesis dysfunctions, leading to a second replacement in 2 patients at 12.8 and 7.7 years after initial surgery. All but three patients showed an improvement of their NYHA class. Hospital mortality occurred in 6 patients (19%) and 7 patients died during late follow-up: mean 38.1 months after surgery, including one valve-related death (mechanical valve thrombosis). Actuarial survival rate of all patients was 63% after 5 years, and 47% after 10 years. Isolated TVR remains a high-risk procedure. Most survivors, however, should expect a better quality of life with improvement in their NYHA class.
Finicky Fish Finish... Last! On-Site Programming (Grade 5) (2009)

In “Finicky Fish Finish…Last!” students explore what has happened to the Colorado River and the reasons why it is so difficult for the razorback sucker to thrive in a changed environment. Working as ichthyologists (fish biologists) at Lake Mead, students collect water quality data such as temperature, pH, and clarity -- to determine whether current habitat conditions are sufficient for survival of young razorback suckers. Students observe and identify non-native fish in Lake Mead as they learn how the razorback sucker interacts with these neighbors. Students assess whether Lake Mead is still a good habitat for razorback suckers. Using the knowledge they’ve gained, students design ideal refuges for the razorback sucker, including ideas to get the word out about this endangered native fish.
Sensitive multiplex PCR assay to differentiate Lyme spirochetes and emerging pathogens Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Babesia microti (2013)

Real-time quantitative PCR using specific primers and molecular beacon probes for the selected amplicon described in this study can detect three tick-borne pathogens simultaneously in an accurate manner.
Hierarchical porous carbon spheres as an anode material for lithium ion batteries (2013)

Hierarchical porous carbon spheres are prepared by the carbonization of a D201 anion-exchange resin. These carbon spheres are characterized by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption–desorption and electron microscopy. The lithium ion storage capacity of these carbon spheres is evaluated by galvanostatic measurements. The initial discharge–charge capacities of the material are 1213 and 798 mA h g−1 at a current density of 0.1 A g−1, respectively. A discharge capacity of 506 mA h g−1 is still retained when charge–discharged at 1.0 A g−1 for 50 cycles. The large reversible capacity, high rate performance and good cycleability are attributed to the unique hierarchical porous structure featured by large surface area, readily accessed porous channels and the highly graphitized carbon shells. The carbonization of a cheap anion-exchange resin can be easily scaled-up, making the hierarchical porous carbon spheres a promising low-cost anode material for high performance lithium ion batteries.
A novel multi-channel field effect transistor (McFET) on bulk Si for high performance sub-80nm application (2005)

We demonstrate highly manufacturable double FinFET on bulk Si wafer, named multi-channel field effect transistor (McFET) for the high performance 80nm 144M SRAM. Twin fins are formed for each transistor using our newly developed simple process scheme. McFET with L/sub G/=80nm shows several excellent transistor characteristics, such as /spl sim/5 times higher drive current than planar MOSFET, ideal subthreshold swing of 60mV/dec, drain induced barrier lowering (DIBL) of 15mV/V without pocket implantation, and negligible body bias dependency, maintaining the same source/drain resistance as planar transistor due to the unique feature of McFET.
Membrane depolarization induces protein kinase C translocation and voltage operated calcium channel opening in PU5-1.8 cells. Protein kinase C as a negative feedback modulator for calcium signalling. (1991)

Incubation of the murine macrophage tumour cell line PU5-1.8 in K+ (140 mM)-HEPES buffer induced depolarization of the membrane and the translocation of protein kinase C (PKC) to the subnuclear region. Membrane depolarization also induced an increase of intracellular free Ca2+ levels ([Ca2+]i) which was due to the Ca2+ influx. The amount of K(+)-mediated Ca2+ uptake was dependent on the Ca2+ concentration gradient as measured by indo-1 fluorescence and 45Ca2+ fluxes. The depolarization-mediated Ca2+ influx was suppressed by voltage sensitive Ca2+ channel blockers such as nifedipine and verapamil. Furthermore, in Na(+)-HEPES buffer, incubation of cells with a dihydropyridine agonist [3H]PN200-110 produced a dose-dependent saturable binding. On the other hand, short-term incubation of cells with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) abolished the early phase of 45Ca2+ influx and the rise of indo-1 fluorescence. Depleting cells of PKC or incubating them with PKC inhibitors, H7 and sphingosine, enhanced the uptake of 45Ca2+ and the rise of indo-1 fluorescence. These observations suggest that membrane depolarization caused an activation of PKC and induced Ca2+ influx through the activation of dihydropyridine-sensitive, voltage-operated Ca2+ channels. Data also show that PKC may act as a negative modulator in controlling the Ca2+ response by closing the voltage-operated Ca2+ channel and/or by enhancing the Ca(2+)-ATPase activity during membrane depolarization in PU5-1.8 cells.
Sorbents in Therapeutic Medicine (1977)

The use of bulky equipment in renal support has been unavoidable in the past because large volumes of dialysate fluid were required. In order to make the devices smaller and portable, the amount of dialysate fluid has to be reduced and used in conjunction with a sorbent or eliminated altogether. The use of sorbents in dialysate regeneration, their use in haemoperfusion and their potential in hepatic assist are outlined. The problems of sorbent particle release and blood trauma remain as deterrents to their widespread chronic application. Systems are proposed which may combine haemodialysis and haemoperfusion in the treatment of renal and hepatic failure. It is suggested that future development in this area will be characterised by the advent of sorbent systems exhibiting characteristics more specific to the biological needs of particular applications.
Affinity‐based selection and the germinal center response (2012)

Interactions between B-cell antigen receptors (BCRs) and their ligands have a complexity and variability that is unparalleled within known biology. Each developing B cell undergoes gene rearrangements to generate a BCR encoded by a unique pair of immunoglobulin (Ig) variable region genes, which serves to make the antigen-binding capabilities of primary BCRs incredibly diverse. Further diversification of the BCR repertoire takes place when antigen-activated B cells enter the germinal center (GC) response and undergo somatic hypermutation (SHM) of their Ig variable region genes. To develop optimal antibody responses against foreign antigens, the key B-cell survival and differentiation decisions made in the GC are based primarily on the affinity of the BCR (and therefore subsequent antibodies) for foreign antigen. However, the secondary diversification of BCRs by SHM also carries the risk of generating new self-reactive specificities and thus autoantibody production. Herein, we review the role of antigen affinity/avidity in controlling pivotal events both leading up to and during the GC response. The emergence of self-reactivity during the GC response is also examined, with particular focus on the threat posed by cross-reactive GC B cells that bind both self and foreign antigen.
A dynamic graph-based visualization for spreadsheets (2008)

Spreadsheet systems are widely used and highly popular end-user systems. They are used for a variety of important tasks such as mathematical modelling, scientific computation, tabular and graphical data presentation, data analysis and decision making. However, a significant proportion of them have severe quality problems. One of the contributing factors is the invisibility of the data flow structure which is associated with cell formulas. The invisibility of the data flow makes program understanding and debugging very difficult.

This paper aims to provide a visualization approach that can simplify understanding and debugging of spreadsheets based on compound fisheye views, the Markov Clustering (MCL) algorithm, and Treemaps. The MCL algorithm helps in visualizing large graphs by generating clusters of cells. Compound fisheye views allows us to view members of a particular cluster while showing their linkages with other clusters. Treemaps help to visualize the depth we are at while navigating a cluster tree. Our initial experiment shows that graph-based visualization using the MCL algorithm generates clusters which match with the corresponding logical areas of a spreadsheet.
Impact of proton irradiation on deep level states in n-GaN (2013)

Deep levels in 1.8 MeV proton irradiated n-type GaN were systematically characterized using deep level transient spectroscopies and deep level optical spectroscopies. The impacts of proton irradiation on the introduction and evolution of those deep states were revealed as a function of proton fluences up to 1.1 × 1013 cm−2. The proton irradiation introduced two traps with activation energies of EC - 0.13 eV and 0.16 eV, and a monotonic increase in the concentration for most of the pre-existing traps, though the increase rates were different for each trap, suggesting different physical sources and/or configurations for these states. Through lighted capacitance voltage measurements, the deep levels at EC - 1.25 eV, 2.50 eV, and 3.25 eV were identified as being the source of systematic carrier removal in proton-damaged n-GaN as a function of proton fluence.
Thermal and Structural Analysis of A Ceramic Coated Fsae Brake Rotor Using 3d Finite Element Method for Wear Resistance and Design Optimisation (2014)

This paper describes the stress distribution of the SRM University FSAE Car brake rotor by using FEA. The finite element analysis is performed by using computer aided design (CAD) software. The main objective is to investigate and analyze the thermal and structural stress distribution of brake rotor at the real time condition during braking process and then comparing it with a modified rotor having ceramic coating. The paper describes the mesh optimization with using finite element analysis technique to predict the higher stress and critical region on the component. The optimization is carried out to reduce the stress concentration and material on the surface of the rotor. With using computer aided design (CAD), SOLIDWORKS software the structural model of a brake rotor is developed. Furthermore, the finite element analysis performed with using software ANSYS.