gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HeteroCL (2019)

With the pursuit of improving compute performance under strict power constraints, there is an increasing need for deploying applications to heterogeneous hardware architectures with accelerators, such as GPUs and FPGAs. However, although these heterogeneous computing platforms are becoming widely available, they are very difficult to program especially with FPGAs. As a result, the use of such platforms has been limited to a small subset of programmers with specialized hardware knowledge. To tackle this challenge, we introduce HeteroCL, a programming infrastructure composed of a Python-based domain-specific language (DSL) and an FPGA-targeted compilation flow. The HeteroCL DSL provides a clean programming abstraction that decouples algorithm specification from three important types of hardware customization in compute, data types, and memory architectures. HeteroCL further captures the interdependence among these different customization techniques, allowing programmers to explore various performance/area/accuracy trade-offs in a systematic and productive manner. In addition, our framework produces highly efficient hardware implementations for a variety of popular workloads by targeting spatial architecture templates such as systolic arrays and stencil with dataflow architectures. Experimental results show that HeteroCL allows programmers to explore the design space efficiently in both performance and accuracy by combining different types of hardware customization and targeting spatial architectures, while keeping the algorithm code intact.
Promotion of sleep mediated by the A2a-adenosine receptor and possible involvement of this receptor in the sleep induced by prostaglandin D2 in rats. (1996)

A 6-hr continuous infusion of 2-[p-(2-carboxyethyl)phenylethylamino]-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenos ine (CGS21680), a selective A2a-adenosine agonist, into the subarachnoid space underlying the ventral surface region of the rostral basal forebrain, which has been defined as the prostaglandin (PG) D2-sensitive sleep-promoting zone, at rates of 0.02, 0.2, 2.0, and 12 pmol/min increased slow-wave sleep (SWS) and paradoxical sleep (PS) in a dose-dependent manner up to 183% and 202% of their respective baseline levels. The increments produced by the infusion of CGS21680 at 0.2 and 2.0 pmol/min were totally diminished when the rats had been pretreated with an i.p. injection of (E)-1,3-dipropyl-7-methyl-8-(3,4-dimethoxystyryl)xanthine (KF17837; 30 mg/kg of body weight), a selective A2-adenosine antagonist. In contrast, the infusion of N6-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA), a selective A1-adenosine agonist, at 2 pmol/min significantly suppressed SWS before causing an increase in SWS, and a decrease in PS was also markedly visible. Essentially the same effects of CGS21680 and CHA were observed when these compounds were administered to the parenchymal region of the rostral basal forebrain through chronically implanted microdialysis probes. Thus, we clearly showed that stimulation of A2a-adenosine receptors in the rostral basal forebrain promotes SWS and PS. Furthermore, i.p. injections of KF17837 at 30 and 100 mg/kg of body weight dose-dependently attenuated the magnitude of the SWS increase produced by the infusion of PGD2 into the subarachnoid space of the sleep-promoting zone, thus indicating that the A2a-adenosine receptors are crucial in the sleep-promoting process triggered by PGD2.
Rotavirus SA11 genome segment 11 protein is a nonstructural phosphoprotein (1989)

We investigated properties of the rotavirus genome segment 11 protein. A rotavirus SA11 genome segment 11 cDNA which contains the entire coding region was sequenced and inserted into the baculovirus transfer vector pVL941. Recombinants containing gene 11 cDNA were selected, and the gene 11 product expressed in Spodoptera frugiperda cells infected with these recombinants was inoculated into guinea pigs to produce hyperimmune antiserum. Characterization of the antiserum showed that it recognized a primary translation product with a molecular weight of 26,000 (26K protein) in recombinant-infected insect cells, in SA11-infected monkey kidney cells, and in cell-free translation reactions programmed with SA11 mRNA. A modified 28K product was also detected but only in SA11-infected monkey kidney cells. The 26K 28K proteins were shown to be phosphorylated in infected monkey kidney cells, and the 26K protein was phosphorylated in insect cells. We were unable to identify what type of modification caused the molecular weight shift to 28,000 in infected monkey kidney cells. Large amounts of the gene 11 product were detected by immunofluorescence in discrete foci in the cytoplasm of infected monkey kidney cells. Viruses of all known serotypes were also detected by immunofluorescence by using hyperimmune antiserum to the SA11 gene 11 product. The antiserum reacted with particle-depleted cytosol fractions but did not react with purified virus particles by immunoprecipitation or immunoblotting; it also did not neutralize virus infectivity in plaque reduction neutralization assays. Therefore, we conclude that the primary gene 11 product is a nonstructural phosphoprotein which we designated NS26.
The effect of mammography pain on repeat participation in breast cancer screening: A systematic review (2013)

Uptake is crucial to reducing breast cancer mortality through screening. This review synthesised all available evidence on mammography pain as a deterrent to subsequent breast screening. Ten databases were searched. Studies containing empirical data relating mammography pain to breast screening re-attendance were included (n = 20). In the most robust studies asking women why they had not re-attended, 25%-46% cited pain, equivalent to approximately 47,000-87,000 women per year in England. The most robust evidence for an association between pain experienced at a previous mammogram and subsequent rates of re-attendance suggests that women who previously experienced pain are more likely than those who did not to fail to re-attend: RR 1.34 (95% CI: 0.94-1.91). The complexity of the pain phenomenon and of screening behaviours must be recognised. However, there is sufficient evidence to conclude that painful mammography contributes to non-re-attendance. Given the importance of cumulative participation, effective pain-reducing interventions in mammography are needed.
MO‐F‐BRB‐02: Dosimetric Comparison of Acuros XB Deterministic Radiation Transport Method with Monte Carlo and Model‐Based Convolution Methods in Heterogeneous Media (2011)

Purpose: To compare the dosimetric performance of a novel deterministic radiation transport method, Acuros XB (AXB), to Monte Carlo (MC) and two standard clinical convolution Methods: the anisotropic analytical algorithm (AAA) and the collapsed‐cone convolution (CCC) Methods: A multi‐layer slab virtual phantom with three different materials (soft tissue, bone, and lung) was used for this study. 2.5, 5, and 10 cm fields for both 6 and 18MV were investigated. Depth dose and lateral dose profiles from AXB in Eclipse were compared to EGSnrc MC simulations, AAA in Eclipse, and CCC in Pinnacle3.. To quantify dose distribution differences between AXB and AAA or CCC, 3D gamma index analyses were conducted for regions defined by AAPM TG‐53. Results: The AXB calculations were found to be closer to MC than both AAA and CCC for all the investigated fields. The average differences of depth dose profiles between MC and AXB, AAA or CCC was within 1.1%, 4.4%, and 2.2%, respectively for all fields and energies. More specifically, differences in bone were up to 1.1 %, 6.4%, and 1.6%; differences in lung were up to 0.9%, 11.6%, and 4.5% for AXB, AAA and CCC respectively. AXB was also found to have better dose predictions than AAA and CCC at the tissue interfaces where back‐scatter occurs. 3D gamma index analyses (percent of voxels passing 2%/2mm) showed that the dose differences between AAA and AXB are significant (under 60% passed) in bone for 6 MV, and in lung for both energies. The differences between AXB and CCC were smaller with over 90% passing except in lung for the 18 MV 10cm field. Conclusions: For the fields studied in heterogeneous media, AXB dose prediction ability appears to be comparable to MC and superior to current clinical convolution methods.
Beer's Law‐Why Integrated Absorbance Depends Linearly on Concentration (2019)

As derived by Max Planck in 1903 from dispersion theory, Beer's law has a fundamental limitation. The concentration dependence of absorbance can deviate from linearity, even in the absence of any interactions or instrumental nonlinearities. Integrated absorbance, not peak absorbance, depends linearly on concentration. The numerical integration of the absorbance leads to maximum deviations from linearity of less than 0.1 %. This deviation is a consequence of a sum rule that was derived from the Kramers-Kronig relations at a time when the fundamental limitation of Beer's law was no longer mentioned in the literature. This sum rule also links concentration to (classical) oscillator strengths and thereby enables the use of dispersion analysis to determine the concentration directly from transmittance and reflectance measurements. Thus, concentration analysis of complex samples, such as layered and/or anisotropic materials, in which Beer's law cannot be applied, can be achieved using dispersion analysis.
Loss of SR-BI Expression Leads to the Early Onset of Occlusive Atherosclerotic Coronary Artery Disease, Spontaneous Myocardial Infarctions, Severe Cardiac Dysfunction, and Premature Death in Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mice (2002)

Murine models of atherosclerosis, such as the apolipoprotein E (apoE) or the LDL receptor knockout mice, usually do not exhibit many of the cardinal features of human coronary heart disease (CHD), eg, spontaneous myocardial infarction, severe cardiac dysfunction, and premature death. Here we show that mice with homozygous null mutations in the genes for both the high density lipoprotein receptor SR-BI and apoE (SR-BI/apoE double knockout [dKO] mice) exhibit morphological and functional defects with similarities to those seen in human CHD. When fed a standard chow diet, these hypercholesterolemic animals developed significant atherosclerotic lesions in the aortic sinus as early as 4 to 5 weeks after birth. We now show that they also exhibited extensive lipid-rich coronary artery occlusions and spontaneously developed multiple myocardial infarctions and cardiac dysfunction (eg, enlarged hearts, reduced ejection fraction and contractility, and ECG abnormalities). Their coronary arterial lesions, which were strikingly similar to human atherosclerotic plaques, exhibited evidence of cholesterol clefts and extensive fibrin deposition, indicating hemorrhage and clotting. All of the dKO mice died by 8 weeks of age (50% mortality at 6 weeks). Thus, SR-BI/apoE dKO mice provide a new murine model for CHD and may help better define the role of lipoprotein metabolism and atherosclerosis in the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction and cardiac dysfunction. Furthermore, these animals may be useful for preclinical testing of potential genetic and/or pharmacological therapies for CHD.
Cell factories for insulin production (2014)

The rapid increase in the number of diabetic patients globally and exploration of alternate insulin delivery methods such as inhalation or oral route that rely on higher doses, is bound to escalate the demand for recombinant insulin in near future. Current manufacturing technologies would be unable to meet the growing demand of affordable insulin due to limitation in production capacity and high production cost. Manufacturing of therapeutic recombinant proteins require an appropriate host organism with efficient machinery for posttranslational modifications and protein refolding. Recombinant human insulin has been produced predominantly using E. coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae for therapeutic use in human. We would focus in this review, on various approaches that can be exploited to increase the production of a biologically active insulin and its analogues in E. coli and yeast. Transgenic plants are also very attractive expression system, which can be exploited to produce insulin in large quantities for therapeutic use in human. Plant-based expression system hold tremendous potential for high-capacity production of insulin in very cost-effective manner. Very high level of expression of biologically active proinsulin in seeds or leaves with long-term stability, offers a low-cost technology for both injectable as well as oral delivery of proinsulin.
Rock blasting and overbreak control (1991)

This handbook is specifically designed as a guide to highway engineers and blasting practitioners working with highway applications. It was used as a handbook for the FHWA course of the above title. The handbook is a basic review of explosives and their characteristics, along with explosive selection criteria. Initiations and timing effects as well as patterns are also discussed. A simple step by step procedure is outlined to help the engineer review blasting submittals in a systematic fashion. Airblast and ground vibration are discussed along with methods for evaluation and control. Several solved examples are presented in a manner to simplify the necessary calculations with step by step procedures given where appropriate.\n
Roles of Serine and Threonine Residues of Mumps Virus P Protein in Viral Transcription and Replication (2014)

Mumps virus (MuV) is a reemerging paramyxovirus that caused large outbreaks in the United States, where vaccination coverage is very high. There is no anti-MuV drug. In this work, we have systematically analyzed roles of Ser/Thr residues of MuV P in viral RNA synthesis. We have identified S/T residues of P critical for MuV RNA synthesis and phosphorylation sites that are important for viral RNA synthesis. This work leads to a better understanding of viral RNA synthesis as well as to potential novel strategies to control mumps.
Tests of a model pole assembly for the ALS U5. 0 undulator (1991)

The ALS insertion devices must meet very tight requirements in terms of field quality and field strength. Even though the ability to calculate the performance of a hybrid insertion device has improved considerably over the past few years, a model pole was assembled to test the ALS U5.0 undulator geometry and to verify the calculations. The model pole consists of a half period of the periodic structure of the insertion device with mirror plates at the midplane and at the zero-field, half-period planes. A Hall probe was used to measure the vertical component of the field near the midplane of the model as a function of gap and transverse position. Because of the tight field quality requirements the ALS insertion devices are designed to permit several types of correction, including the capability of adding magnetic material or iron at several locations to boost or buck the field. This correction capability was evaluated during our tests. The model is described and details of the test results are discussed, including the fact that the measured peak field is several percent higher than the calculated value, which is based on the measured magnetization of the blocks used in the model. 8 refs., 20 figs., 5 tabs.
Comparison of the pharmacological properties of classical and novel BZ-ω receptor ligands (1999)

The experiments in this study compared the pharmacological properties of several BZ-omega receptor ligands, including the imidazobenzodiazepine imidazenil, the beta-carboline abecarnil, the pyridazinone Y-23684, the pyrido [1,2-a]benzimidazole RWJ 46771 and the 1,6-naphthyridin-2(1H)-one derivative SX-3228, with the prototypical BZs diazepam, clobazam and bretazenil. In in vitro experiments diazepam, bretazenil, imidazenil and Y-23684 displaced [3H]flumazenil binding non-selectively in membranes from rat cerebellum and spinal cord, two brain areas enriched in the BZ-omega 1 and BZ-omega 2 receptor subtypes, respectively. In contrast, abecarnil, RWJ 46771 and SX-3228 were more potent in displacing [3H]flumazenil binding to membranes from rat cerebellum than from spinal cord or hippocampus, indicating selectivity for the BZ-omega 1 receptor subtype. The in vivo experiments showed that all compounds increased the latency to clonic seizures produced by isoniazid. However, the maximal increase in latency induced by diazepam, clobazam, abecarnil, RWJ 46771 and SX-3228 was greater than that of bretazenil, imidazenil and Y-23684, thereby indicating that these latter compounds have low intrinsic efficacy. In the punished drinking, the punished lever pressing and the elevated plus-maze tests in rats, three models of anxiety, diazepam, clobazam and imidazenil elicited clear anxiolytic-like effects but at doses which were close to those producing hypolocomotion, ataxia and myorelaxation as measured in activity cages, the rotarod and the loaded grid tests, respectively. In contrast, bretazenil and Y-23684 induced anxiolytic-like activity at much lower doses than those which impaired motor performances. The magnitude of the positive effects of Y-23684 was similar to that of the reference BZs, suggesting that it may become a valuable alternative to currently used agents for the treatment of anxiety disorders. Abecarnil, RWJ 46771 and SX-3228 produced weaker or non-specific anxiolytic-like effects as they decreased anxiety-related behaviours at doses similar or close to those impairing motor performance. However, unlike the other compounds they induced myorelaxation at doses which were 3-10 times higher than those needed to produce decrease in exploratory activity. It is suggested that the behavioural profiles of abecarnil, RWJ 46771 and SX-3228 may be attributed to their selectivity for the BZ-omega 1 receptor subtype which may account for their sedative activity, thereby masking other effects including anxiolytic-like activity. This suggests that BZ receptor modulation of anxiety may involve BZ receptor subtypes other than BZ-omega 1.
Taming Multi-Paradigm Integration in a Software Architecture Description Language (2014)

Abstract. Software architecture description languages offer a conve-nient way of describing the high-level structure of a software system. Such descriptions facilitate rapid prototyping, code generation and au-tomated analysis. One of the big challenges facing the software commu-nity is the design of architecture description languages that are general enough to describe a wide-range of systems, yet detailed enough to cap-ture domain-specific properties and provide a high level of tool automa-tion. This paper presents the multi-paradigm challenges we faced and solutions we built when creating a domain-specific modeling language for software architectures of distributed real-time systems. 1
Molecular identification of ticks infesting camels and the detection of their natural infections with Rickettsia and Borrelia in Riyadh province, Saudi Arabia. (2019)

The present work aimed to identify camel ticks Hyalomma dromedarii and Hyalomma marginatum using direct sequence of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene and the detection of their natural infection rate with Rickettsia and Borrelia using the PCR/ hybridization method for amplification of the citrate synthase (gltA) gene. The phylogenetic analysis showed 99% similarity between Hyalomma dromedarii and its reference with accession # L34306.1, as well as between Hyalomma marginatum and its reference with accession # KT391060.1 obtained from GenBank data base. The prevalence of H. dromedarii and H. marginatum was about 99% and 1%, respectively. The intraspecific variation among H. dromedarii ranged between 0.2-6.6%. The interspecific variation between H. dromedarii and H. marginatum was 18.3%. PCR/hybridization of the sampled H. dromedarii detected about 31%, 37% and 18% natural infection with Rickettsia, Borrelia and co-infection with both pathogens, respectively. In contrast, none of Rickettsia or Borrelia was detected in H. marginatum. The present study emphasizes the accuracy of the identification of camel ticks based on molecular techniques. The ability of H. dromedarii to spread more than one disease is an important issue from the epidemiological standpoint. Future epidemiological research should be carried out in Saudi Arabia to monitor the distribution of tick species and suggest effective control strategies.
Modulation of viewing angle on an LCD surface through backlight optics (2003)

Abstract— A backlight unit (BLU) that varies the viewing angle from the top to the bottom surface of a transmissive LCD screen has been developed through the design and fabrication of microstructures on a light‐guide plate (LGP). An array of taper prisms has been designed and fabricated on the back surface of the LGP, which resulted in the variation of 29° in the angular distribution of the luminance of the backlight from the top sector to the bottom sector of its surface. This characteristic is employed to modulate the viewing angle of the LCD from the top of the screen to the bottom of the screen for special applications.
NEXUS – Distributed Data Management Concepts for Location Aware Applications (2000)

People over the age of 80 years are the fastest-growing segment of the population with stage 5 chronic kidney disease, which is dialysis initiation. We set out to describe the experiences of those elderly patients in initiating and being maintained on peritoneal dialysis. We interviewed 4 patients (1 woman, 3 men; time on dialysis: 2-5 years) 75-88 years of age. A predetermined set of questions evaluating 7 domain topics were asked. The topics were initiating dialysis, dialysis knowledge, physical condition, social support, experience of dialysis, psychological support, and coordination of care. These in-depth interviews were analyzed in each category to determine common themes. Within each domain, several themes were identified. The themes most important for physicians to understand to be able to deliver a high level of care to elderly patients on dialysis were the importance of peer and family influence on decision-making, the patient's support system, the patient's integration into the community, and the patient's increased perception of autonomy. Patients in this age group on peritoneal dialysis have strong support systems and an increased perception of autonomy that allows them to be integrated into their community through hobbies and other social engagements.
Plasmonic Modulation of the Upconversion Fluorescence in NaYF4:Yb/Tm Hexaplate Nanocrystals Using Gold Nanoparticles or Nanoshells (2010)

Mal mehr, mal weniger: Goldnanopartikel (NPs) auf Upconversion-Nanokristallen (NCs) führen zu Plasmonenwechselwirkungen, die eine Verstärkung der Upconversions-Emission von über 2.5 bewirken. Umgekehrt unterdrückt die Bildung einer Goldschale wegen der Streuung der Anregungsstrahlung die NC-Emission deutlich (siehe Bild; a: NCs vor der Anbindung von Keimen; b,c: NCs mit Gold-NPs; c: NC mit Goldschale; Maßstab: 50 nm).
Tensor and Coupled Decompositions in Block Terms: Uniqueness and Irreducibility (2019)

In this work, we present recent results concerning decompositions of tensors and ensembles of matrices in sum of terms that are not necessarily rank-1. We formulate mathematically the concept of irreducibility, which is the enabling factor that allows these low-rank terms to exist as “blocks” without being further factorized into terms of smaller rank. We ﬁrst demonstrate these results on tensors. Next, we generalize our results to a coupled factorization of several matrices that cannot be written as a single tensor. This coupled factorization is inspired by data fusion, and generalizes independent component analysis in several directions.