gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Directed formation of silica by a non-peptide block copolymer enzyme mimic (2013)

A non-polypeptide block copolymer inspired by the enzyme silicatein α is shown to template the formation of silica from tetraethoxy orthosilicate (TEOS) in neutral pH and ambient temperature. The block copolymer was synthesized to mimic the chemical functionality shown to be necessary for the function of the natural enzyme. In this report we demonstrate the templating function of the enzyme mimic, the formation of hierarchical structures, the presence of dual mechanisms of condensation at low pH, investigate the mechanism of templation as hydrolyzed species diffuse from the site of hydrolysis, and explore the formation of silica at the polymer surface. Numerous analytical methods are employed in this study, including AFM, TEM, FESEM, DLS, NMR, GPC, and TGA. This bio-inspired polymer combines the features of neutral pH, low temperature, and structure control in silica formation.
Effect of solutes on the heterogeneous nucleation temperature of supercooled water: an experimental determination (2009)

We investigate the effect of solute concentration on the heterogeneous ice nucleation temperature (T(het)) of aqueous solutions of both NaCl and d-glucose. An automatic lag time apparatus (ALTA) technique allows the dependence of T(het) on solute concentration to be determined with statistical significance. Our results point to the solute-induced lowering of T(het) being a factor of two times the equivalent melting point depression at any fixed concentration, the same factor reported for homogeneous nucleation experiments with small molecular weight solutes.
High Order Recurrent Neural Networks for Acoustic Modelling (2018)

Vanishing long-term gradients are a major issue in training standard recurrent neural networks (RNNs), which can be alleviated by long short-term memory (LSTM) models with memory cells. However, the extra parameters associated with the memory cells mean an LSTM layer has four times as many parameters as an RNN with the same hidden vector size. This paper addresses the vanishing gradient problem using a high order RNN (HORNN) which has additional connections from multiple previous time steps. Speech recognition experiments using British English multi-genre broadcast (MGB3) data showed that the proposed HORNN architectures for rectified linear unit and sigmoid activation functions reduced word error rates (WER) by 4.2% and 6.3% over the corresponding RNNs, and gave similar WERs to a (projected) LSTM while using only 20%--50% of the recurrent layer parameters and computation.
Photochemistry of halogenocarbon compounds. Part I. Rearrangement of pyridazines to pyrazines (1975)

Vapour phase irradiation of tetrafluoropyridazine and various perfluoroalkylpyridazines using either medium or low pressure mercury lamps gives pyrazine derivatives. Substituents located 4,5- and 3,5- in the pyridazine occur at 2,5- and 2,6-positions respectively in the resulting pyrazine, and a mechanism to accommodate these specific substituent labelling results is advanced which involves intermediate valence isomers. Perfluoro-2,5- and -2,6-di-isopropylpyrazines are very slowly interconverted by irradiation in the liquid phase.
Sulfuric acid nucleation: An experimental study of the effect of seven bases (2015)

Abstract Nucleation of particles with sulfuric acid, water, and nitrogeneous bases was studied in a flow reactor. Sulfuric acid and water levels were set by flows over sulfuric acid and water reservoirs, respectively, and the base concentrations were determined from measured permeation rates and flow dilution ratios. Particle number distributions were measured with a nano‐differential‐mobility‐analyzer system. Results indicate that the nucleation capability of NH 3 , methylamine, dimethylamine, and trimethylamine with sulfuric acid increases from NH 3 as the weakest, methylamine next, and dimethylamine and trimethylamine the strongest. Three other bases were studied, and experiments with triethylamine showed that it is less effective than methylamine, and experiments with urea and acetamide showed that their capabilities are much lower than the amines with acetamide having basically no effect. When both NH 3 and an amine were present, nucleation was more strongly enhanced than with just the amine present. Comparisons of nucleation rates to predictions and previous experimental work are discussed, and the sulfuric acid‐base nucleation rates measured here are extrapolated to atmospheric conditions. The measurements suggest that atmospheric nucleation rates are significantly affected by synergistic interactions between ammonia and amines.
Machine learning reveals how personalized climate communication can both succeed and backfire (2021)

Different advertising messages work for different people. Machine learning can be an effective way to personalise climate communications. In this paper we use machine learning to reanalyse findings from a recent study, showing that online advertisements increased some people's belief in climate change while resulting in decreased belief in others. In particular, we show that the effect of the advertisements could change depending on people's age and ethnicity.
Wireless information and power transfer: Architecture design and rate-energy tradeoff (2012)

Simultaneous information and power transfer over the wireless channels potentially offers great convenience to mobile users. Yet practical receiver designs impose technical constraints on its hardware realization, as practical circuits for harvesting energy from radio signals are not yet able to decode the carried information directly. To make theoretical progress, we propose a general receiver operation, namely, dynamic power splitting (DPS), which splits the received signal with adjustable power for energy harvesting and for information decoding. Moreover, we propose two types of practical receiver architectures, namely, separated versus integrated information and energy receivers. The integrated receiver integrates the front-end components of the separated receiver, thus achieving a smaller form factor. The rate-energy tradeoff for these two architectures are characterized by a so-called rate-energy (R-E) region. Numerical results show that the R-E region of the integrated receiver is superior to that of the separated receiver when more harvested power is desired.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor–Induced Genes in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (2002)

The binding of VEGF to its receptor, KDR, is necessary and sufficient to induce the gene expression profile induced by this growth factor. Furthermore, in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, the Flt-1 receptor appears to act as a decoy receptor, tempering the response to lower concentrations of VEGF.
Machine Learning Identifies ICU Outcome Predictors in a Multicenter COVID-19 Cohort. (2021)

Abstract Background. Intensive Care Resources are heavily utilized during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, risk stratification and prediction of SARS-CoV-2 patient clinical outcomes upon ICU admission remain inadequate. This study aimed to develop a machine learning model, based on retrospective &amp; prospective clinical data, to stratify patient risk and predict ICU survival and outcomes. Methods. A Germany-wide electronic registry was established to pseudonymously collect admission, therapeutic and discharge information of SARS-CoV-2 ICU patients retrospectively and prospectively. Machine learning approaches were evaluated for the accuracy and interpretability of predictions. The Explainable Boosting Machine approach was selected as the most suitable method. Individual, non-linear shape functions for predictive parameters and parameter interactions are reported. Results. 1,039 patients were included in the Explainable Boosting Machine model, 596 patients retrospectively collected, and 443 patients prospectively collected. The model for prediction of general ICU outcome was shown to be more reliable to predict “survival”. Age, inflammatory and thrombotic activity, and severity of ARDS at ICU admission were shown to be predictive of ICU survival. Patients’ age, pulmonary dysfunction and transfer from an external institution were predictors for ECMO therapy. The interaction of patient age with D-dimer levels on admission and creatinine levels with SOFA score without GCS were predictors for renal replacement therapy. Conclusions. Using Explainable Boosting Machine analysis, we confirmed and weighed previously reported and identified novel predictors for outcome in critically ill COVID-19 patients. Using this strategy, predictive modeling of COVID-19 ICU patient outcomes can be performed overcoming the limitations of linear regression models. Trial registration. “ClinicalTrials” (clinicaltrials.gov) under NCT04455451
Automatic Site Identification and Hardware-to-Site-Mapping for Base Station Self-Configuration (2011)

One of the key requirements that come with the introduction of next generation mobile networks is the automatic provisioning and configuration of new network elements. This targets to reduce on the one hand the time required between the introduction of new hardware until it is fully functional and on the other hand the overall configuration overhead. Hardware should be setup without requiring any preconfiguration and without manual configuration after the on-site installation. A required enabler is the automatic acquisition of the site informa- tion where a network element has been set up at. Only if this is possible further autoconfiguration steps can be successfully executed. Automatic site identification provides the means to assess the location and the information required to map location information to a site defined by network planning. An analysis shows that depending on the network setup and the deployment scenario automatic hardware to site mapping shows different degrees of complexity that need to be handled. In addition to the analysis of deployment scenarios and their individual site identification and mapping solutions a combined solution that is capable to perform site identification and hard- ware to site mapping based on the context of the new Network Element is proposed.
Achieving Secure Role-Based Access Control on Encrypted Data in Cloud Storage (2013)

With the rapid developments occurring in cloud computing and services, there has been a growing trend to use the cloud for large-scale data storage. This has raised the important security issue of how to control and prevent unauthorized access to data stored in the cloud. One well known access control model is the role-based access control (RBAC), which provides flexible controls and management by having two mappings, users to roles and roles to privileges on data objects. In this paper, we propose a role-based encryption (RBE) scheme that integrates the cryptographic techniques with RBAC. Our RBE scheme allows RBAC policies to be enforced for the encrypted data stored in public clouds. Based on the proposed scheme, we present a secure RBE-based hybrid cloud storage architecture that allows an organization to store data securely in a public cloud, while maintaining the sensitive information related to the organization's structure in a private cloud. We describe a practical implementation of the proposed RBE-based architecture and discuss the performance results. We demonstrate that users only need to keep a single key for decryption, and system operations are efficient regardless of the complexity of the role hierarchy and user membership in the system.
Influence of corticotropin releasing hormone receptor type 1 genotype on changes of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical hormones and sleep after Trier social stress test (2019)

The Trier social stress test (TSST) is well established to induce psychological stress in human experiments. So far the effect of TSST, performed in the late evening, on sleep and on stress hormone secretion before sleep onset was not examined. The corticotropin releasing hormone receptor type 1 (CRH R1) gene encodes the CRHR1 receptor. This protein is essential in the activation of the stress response of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) system. Variants of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs110402 of the CRHR1 gene were shown to influence the risk to develop depression after childhood maltreatment. This risk is elevated in homozyguous C carriers of this SNP, whereas TT carriers appear to be more resilient to this risk. We examined the effect of TSST on sleep and HPA hormones and whether this effect is influenced by the CRHR 1 genotype.
Immunopathology of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Focus on T Regulatory and B Cell Responses in Children Compared with Adults (2022)

While the clinical impact of COVID-19 on adults has been massive, the majority of children develop pauci-symptomatic or even asymptomatic infection and only a minority of the latter develop a fatal outcome. The reasons of such differences are not yet established. We examined cytokines in sera and Th and B cell subpopulations in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 40 children (<18 years old), evaluating the impact of COVID-19 infection during the pandemic’s first waves. We correlated our results with clinical symptoms and compared them to samples obtained from 16 infected adults and 7 healthy controls. While IL6 levels were lower in SARS-CoV-2+ children as compared to adult patients, the expression of other pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IFNγ and TNFα directly correlated with early age infection and symptoms. Th and B cell subsets were modified during pediatric infection differently with respect to adult patients and controls and within the pediatric group based on age. Low levels of IgD− CD27+ memory B cells correlated with absent/mild symptoms. On the contrary, high levels of FoxP3+/CD25high T-Regs associated with a moderate−severe clinical course in the childhood. These T and B cells subsets did not associate with severity in infected adults, with children showing a predominant expansion of immature B lymphocytes and natural regulatory T cells. This study shows differences in immunopathology of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children compared with adults. Moreover, these data could provide information that can drive vaccination endpoints for children.
Misaligned Principal Components Analysis: Application to gene expression time series analysis (2011)

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a widely applied method for extracting structure from samples of high dimensional biological data. Often there exist misalignments between different samples and this can cause severe problems in PCA if not properly taken into account. For example, subject-dependent temporal differences in gene expression response to a treatment will create relative time shifts in the samples that decohere the PCA analysis. Depending on the characteristics of the underlying signal, the sensitivity of PCA to such misalignments is severe, leading to a phase transition phenomenon that can be studied using the spectral theory of autocorrelation matrices. With this as motivation, we propose a new method of PCA, called MisPCA, that explicitly accounts for the effects of misalignments in the samples. We illustrate MisPCA on clustering longitudinal temporal gene expression data.
γ-ray strength function forSn116,117with the pygmy dipole resonance balanced in the photoneutron and neutron capture channels (2009)

Photoneutron cross sections were measured for $^{117}\mathrm{Sn}$ and $^{116}\mathrm{Sn}$ near the neutron thresholds at $6.94$ and $9.56$ MeV, respectively, with quasi-monochromatic laser-Compton scattering $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays. The $^{117}\mathrm{Sn}$ cross section, which is strongly enhanced near the low threshold, provides evidence for the presence of extra $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ strength in the low-energy tail of the giant dipole resonance. A coherent analysis of the photoneutron data for $^{117}\mathrm{Sn}$ together with the neutron capture on $^{116}\mathrm{Sn}$ shows that the $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray strength function is balanced in the photoneutron and neutron capture channels in terms of the microscopic Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov plus quasiparticle random-phase approximation model of $E1$ strength combined with a pygmy $E1$ resonance at $8.5$ MeV. The high-energy part of the pygmy resonance is also suggested in the photoneutron cross section for $^{116}\mathrm{Sn}$.
A Geometric Approach for Real-time Monitoring of Dynamic Large Scale Graphs: AS-level graphs illustrated (2018)

The monitoring of large dynamic networks is a major chal- lenge for a wide range of application. The complexity stems from properties of the underlying graphs, in which slight local changes can lead to sizable variations of global prop- erties, e.g., under certain conditions, a single link cut that may be overlooked during monitoring can result in splitting the graph into two disconnected components. Moreover, it is often difficult to determine whether a change will propagate globally or remain local. Traditional graph theory measure such as the centrality or the assortativity of the graph are not satisfying to characterize global properties of the graph. In this paper, we tackle the problem of real-time monitoring of dynamic large scale graphs by developing a geometric approach that leverages notions of geometric curvature and recent development in graph embeddings using Ollivier-Ricci curvature [47]. We illustrate the use of our method by consid- ering the practical case of monitoring dynamic variations of global Internet using topology changes information provided by combining several BGP feeds. In particular, we use our method to detect major events and changes via the geometry of the embedding of the graph.
Generation of cell surface neoganglioproteins. GM1-neoganglioproteins are non-functional receptors for cholera toxin. (1990)

GM1 (II3Neu5Ac-GgOse4Cer)-oligosaccharide was prepared from the ganglioside by ozonolysis and alkaline fragmentation, reductively aminated and coupled to the heterobifunctional cross-linker succinimidyl 4-(N-maleimidomethyl) cyclohexane-1-carboxylate. The resulting derivative reacted with free sulfhydryl groups and readily cross-linked to cell surface components on rat glioma C6 cells which are GM1-deficient. Attachment of the GM1-oligosaccharide derivative, which was monitored by increased binding of 125I-cholera toxin to the cells, was both time- and concentration-dependent. Prior treatment of the cells with dithiothreitol enhanced the attachment by generating additional free sulfhydryl groups. The affinity of cholera toxin for cells treated with the GM1-oligosaccharide derivative or with GM1 was similar. The nature of the newly generated toxin receptors was determined by Western blotting. Membranes from derivatized cells were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and the resolved components were electrophoretically transferred to a nitrocellulose sheet which was overlain with 125I-cholera toxin. The toxin bound to a wide variety of membrane proteins, most of which were trypsin-sensitive. No such binding was observed using membranes from control cells. Although the GM1-neoganglioproteins newly generated on the surface of rat glioma C6 cells readily bound cholera toxin, the cells did not become more responsive to the toxin as measured by increased production of cyclic AMP or activation of adenylate cyclase. In contrast, cells exposed to GM1 became highly responsive to the toxin. Thus, neoganglioproteins on the cell surface appear to behave as nonfunctional receptors for cholera toxin.
Total Synthesis of (+)‐Isomigrastatin (I). (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Separation of Lanthanides and Quantification of Hydronium ION by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis (1996)

Abstract The effects of acetate (Ac) concentration on the separation of lanthanides from hydronium ion (H3O+) in capillary zone electrophoresis is investigated. The effects of sample acidity and buffers on the H3O+ peak have been studied. A mixture of 14 rare earth metals, along with H3O+, can be baseline separated in less than nine minutes by use of a ternary buffer system [sodium acetate (NaAc) /α-hydroxyisobutyric acid (HIBA) / UV CAT-1]. In contrast, replacing NaAc by equal molar sodium chloride (NaCl) in the buffer decreases the electroosmotic flow without enhancing selectivity and resolution of lanthanides. All of these results suggest that the higher mobility H3O+ ion elutes slower than would be predicted. The late appearance of H3O+ at pH=4.4 is attributed to the weak acid-base equilibria of HIBA and HAc in the buffers as H3O+ migrates through the capillary. The improved separation of metal ions from H3O+ by the addition of sodium acetate is also due to the equilibrium of the weak acid (HAc). In addition, H3O+ has been quantitatively detected by use of creatinine as a UV absorbance reagent. The calibration curve was linear for the amount of H3O+ up to 0.70 nanomoles in a solution containing 8 mM creatinine. The limit of quantification is about 0.03 nanomoles.
Contributions of retinal direction‐selective ganglion cells to optokinetic responses in mice (2013)

In the mouse retina, there are two distinct groups of direction-selective ganglion cells, ON and ON-OFF, that detect movement of visual images. To understand the roles of these cells in controlling eye movements, we studied the optokinetic responses (OKRs) of mutant mice with dysfunctional ON-bipolar cells that have a functional obstruction of transmission to ON direction-selective ganglion cells. Experiments were carried out to examine the initial and late phases of OKRs. The initial phase was examined by measurement of eye velocity using stimuli of sinusoidal grating patterns of various spatiotemporal frequencies that moved for 0.5 s. The mutant mice showed significant initial OKRs, although the range of spatiotemporal frequencies that elicited these OKRs was limited and the response magnitude was weaker than that in wild-type mice. To examine the late phase of the OKRs, the same visual patterns were moved for 30 s to induce alternating slow and quick eye movements (optokinetic nystagmus) and the slow-phase eye velocity was measured. Wild-type mice showed significant late OKRs with a stimulus in an appropriate range of spatiotemporal frequencies (0.0625-0.25 cycles/°, 0.75-3.0 Hz, 3-48°/s), but mutant mice did not show late OKRs in response to the same visual stimuli. The results suggest that two groups of direction-selective ganglion cells play different roles in OKRs: ON direction-selective ganglion cells contribute to both initial and late OKRs, whereas ON-OFF direction-selective ganglion cells contribute to OKRs only transiently.
KrasG12D induces changes in chromatin territories that differentially impact early nuclear reprogramming in pancreatic cells (2021)

In summary, we report a comprehensive, time-dependent, and coordinated early epigenomic program for Kras<sup>G12D</sup> in pancreatic cells, which is mechanistically relevant to understanding chromatin remodeling events underlying transcriptional outcomes needed for the function of this oncogene.
RF and ELF Exposures from Cellular Phone Handsets: TDMA and CDMA Systems (1999)

Journal Article RF and ELF Exposures from Cellular Phone Handsets: TDMA and CDMA Systems Get access G.F. Pedersen, G.F. Pedersen Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J.B. Andersen (INVITED) J.B. Andersen (INVITED) Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Radiation Protection Dosimetry, Volume 83, Issue 1-2, 1 June 1999, Pages 131–138, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a032647 Published: 01 June 1999