gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neural networks for computer virus recognition (1996)

We have developed a neural network for generic detection of a particular class of computer viruses-the so called boot sector viruses that infect the boot sector of a floppy disk or a hard drive. This is an important and relatively tractable subproblem of generic virus detection. Only about 5% of all known viruses are boot sector viruses, yet they account for nearly 90% of all virus incidents. We have successfully deployed our neural network as a commercial product, distributing it to millions of PC users worldwide as part of the IBM AntiVirus software package. We faced several challenges in taking our neural network from a research idea to a commercial product. These included designing an appropriate input representation scheme; dealing with the scarcity of available training data; finding an appropriate trade off point between false positives and false negatives to conform to user expectations; and making the software conform to strict constraints on memory and speed of computation needed to run on PCs. The article discusses our methods for handling these challenges.
Phenolic compounds profile and antioxidant activity of commercial tropical red wines (Vitis viniferaL.) from São Francisco Valley, Brazil (2016)

The aim of this study was to investigate the phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of commercial red wines produced from Vitis vinifera L. grapes grown in the São Francisco Valley (SFV), which is a tropical region in northeastern Brazil. All wines showed phenolic compound contents consistent with those of other traditional wine producing regions and high antioxidant activity. In total, 20 phenolic compounds were quantified by RP-HPLC-DAD-FD and the antioxidant activity was positively correlated with the content of syringic acid > peonidin 3-O-glucoside > ρ-coumaric acid > (+)-catechin, epigallocatechin gallate > cyanidin-3-O-glucoside > procyanidin A2 > (-)-epicatechin, highlighting the contribution of these bioactive compounds to the antioxidant potential of tropical wines. This study shows that it is possible to obtain wines with a good bioactive component and high antioxidant activity in tropical climates such as that of the SFV. The data reported herein contribute to our knowledge of the wine producing potential of new regions worldwide. Practical applications An important difference between the tropical viticulture practiced in the São Francisco Valley (SFV) and that of other traditional regions of the world is that in the SFV each vine can produce two harvests per year. Also, since this is a region with hot weather, high luminosity and abundant water for irrigation, wineries operate according to a particular scheme, according to the best period in which to harvest the grapes and to prune the vines. Also, the “step” system can be applied, where the harvesting is distributed within a certain period (e.g., one month, several months, or the whole year). Thus, it is possible to prepare wines throughout the year. This study contributes to gaining a better enological understanding of the wines produced in an atypical grape production region.
Optical metrology for nanowires grown with molecular beam epitaxy (2020)

Semiconductor nanowires are important materials for quantum transport experiments and are used in research on qubits. Extended arrays of nanowires can be grown bottom-up by Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE). The full process involves several steps. When fabricating nanowires, a common practice is to follow a well-established recipe and only characterize the finalized materials. If the final wires are found to be flawed, the process must be repeated with new parameters. It is therefore desirable to have a characterization method to monitor the process before and after each fabrication step. Conventional characterization techniques such as SEM are time-consuming and, in some cases, damage the samples, e.g. before and after an electron beam lithography process. Scatterometry is fast, accurate, non-destructive and is already used in the semiconductor industry. In this work, it is demonstrated that the imaging scatterometry technique is capable of monitoring the MBE fabrication process of InAs-nanowire arrays during the different process steps. Relevant parameters such as thin film thickness, hole depth, and diameter, etc., are found with nm precision for a macroscopic area in a few minutes. Using this approach, we demonstrate that errors can be caught early in the process and ultimately save resources while assuring a high quality of the final material.
Fiber optics and nonlinear optics (2001)

Introduction Fiber Optics Optical Fibers and Communications Optical Fiber Communication Technologies and Systems Fiber Optic Gratings Optical Fiber Amplifiers Nonlinear Effects In Fiber Optics Solitons Sources, Modulators, and Detectors for Fiber Optic Communication Systems Fiber Based Couplers, Isolators, MUX and deMUX Micro-Optics Based Components for Networks Semiconductor Optical Amplifier and Wavelength Conversions Fiber Optic Communications Links (Telecommunications, Data Communications, and Analog) Time Domain Multiplexed (TDM) Networks Wavelength Domain Multiplexed (WDM) Networks Optical Fiber Sections Infrared Fibers Appendices 4 Volume Index
The generalized Riemann problem method for the shallow water equations with bottom topography (2005)

Abstract This paper extends the generalized Riemann problem method (GRP) to the system of shallow water equations with bottom topography. The main contribution is that the generalized Riemann problem method ( J. Comput. Phys. 1984; 55 (1):1–32) is used to evaluate the midpoint values of solutions at each cell interface so that the bottom topography effect is included in numerical fluxes, and at the same step the source term is discretized with an interface method in which only mid‐point values are plugged in. This scheme is well balanced between the flux gradient and bottom topography when incorporating the surface gradient method (SGM) ( J. Comput. Phys. 2001; 168 (1):1–25) into data reconstruction step, and it is also suitable for both steady and unsteady flow simulations. We illustrate the accuracy of this scheme by several 1‐D and 2‐D numerical experiments. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Benzoyl Peroxide—Sulfur Lotions (1968)

The application of benzoyl peroxide-sulfur lotions to normal and acne skin caused a minimal to moderate epidermal reaction and a moderate to marked dermal response consisting of vascular dilatation and a lymphocytic perivascular infiltrate. Benzoyl peroxide alone elicited predominantly dermal changes. This suggests that primary irritants can act at various levels of the skin. The mode of action of keratolytics and their effect in acne vulgaris is briefly discussed.
Passband-shifting filters through postgrowth modification of filter optical thickness (2002)

We describe a postgrowth method to produce passband filters with different center wavelengths from a single growth run by irreversibly changing the refractive index of a layer or a series of layers within the filter. This leads to a new type of filter, the passband-shifting filter, whose center wavelength can be irreversibly shifted from lambda0 to lambda0 - deltalambda after the filter has been grown. The passband shift can be controlled exactly by proper design of the multilayer. We present the theory behind passband-shifting-filter design along with transfer-matrix simulations and preliminary experimental results for a two-cavity filter, using lateral oxidation of AlxGa1-x As-based materials to effect the passband shift.
Ammonia induces amyloidogenesis in astrocytes by promoting amyloid precursor protein translocation into the endoplasmic reticulum (2022)

Hyperammonemia is known to cause various neurological dysfunctions such as seizures and cognitive impairment. Several studies have suggested that hyperammonemia may also be linked to the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the direct evidence for a role of ammonia in the pathophysiology of AD remains to be discovered. Herein, we report that hyperammonemia increases the amount of mature amyloid precursor protein (mAPP) in astrocytes, the largest and most prevalent type of glial cells in the central nervous system that are capable of metabolizing glutamate and ammonia, and promotes amyloid beta (Aβ) production. We demonstrate the accumulation of mAPP in astrocytes was primarily due to enhanced endocytosis of mAPP from the plasma membrane. A large proportion of internalized mAPP was targeted not to the lysosome, but to the endoplasmic reticulum, where processing enzymes β-secretase BACE1 (beta-site APP cleaving enzyme 1) and γ-secretase presenilin-1 are expressed, and mAPP is cleaved to produce Aβ. Finally, we show the ammonia-induced production of Aβ in astrocytic endoplasmic reticulum was specific to Aβ42, a principal component of senile plaques in AD patients. Our studies uncover a novel mechanism of Aβ42 production in astrocytes and also provide the first evidence that ammonia induces the pathogenesis of AD by regulating astrocyte function.
Design and Synthesis of Antitumor Acylfulvenes (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTDesign and Synthesis of Antitumor AcylfulvenesTrevor C. McMorris, Jian Yu, Yi Hu, Leita A. Estes, and Michael J. KelnerView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0506 Department of Pathology, UCSD Medical School, San Diego, California 92103-8320 Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 9, 3015–3018Publication Date (Web):May 2, 1997Publication History Received27 January 1997Published online2 May 1997Published inissue 1 May 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo970141shttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo970141sbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views315Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Cancer,Hydroxyls,Sequence selective formation,Toxicity Get e-Alerts
P.S. (1888)

P.S. Get access A. B. A. B. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s7-VI, Issue 141, 8 September 1888, Page 194, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s7-VI.141.194i Published: 08 September 1888
Exploiting trivial and redundant computation (2002)

The notion of trivial computation, in which the appearance of simple operands renders potentially complex operations simple, is discussed. An example of a trivial operation is integer division, where the divisor is two; the division becomes a simple shift operation. The concept of redundant computation, in which some operation repeatedly does the same function because it repeatedly sees the same operands, is also discussed. Experiments on two separate benchmark suites, the SPEC benchmarks and the Perfect Club, find a surprising amount of trivial and redundant operation. Various architectural means of exploiting this knowledge to improve computational efficiency include detection of trivial operands and the result cache. Further experimentation shows significant speedup from these techniques, as measured on three different styles of machine architecture.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
IT Systems Risk Analysis Using Object Oriented Asset Classification Model (2008)

In these days, many organizations try to manage their assets in safe way due to fast change in information-communication environment. In Korea, risk analysis and vulnerability analysis for security improvement of critical asset is booming by enforcement of Act on security of information and communication infrastructure. It is obligate that each critical information infrastructure needs to get vulnerability analysis. In this paper, we proposed Object Oriented Asset Classification model for asset analysis and risk analysis.
Working with Ion-Selective Electrodes (Cammann, Karl) (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVBook and Media Revie...Book and Media ReviewNEXTWorking with Ion-Selective Electrodes (Cammann, Karl)Henry Freiser Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 9, A270Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1980Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 September 1980Published inissue 1 September 1980https://doi.org/10.1021/ed057pA270.2RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views120Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Straight-line path following control of tractor-trailers with off-axle hitching and parameters uncertainties (2011)

In this work, we investigate the straight-line path following problem of tractor-trailers with off-axle hitching and parameter uncertainties. A sliding-mode variable structure and parameter adaptive controllers are proposed respectively achieving asymptotical stabilization of the tractor-trailers to the desired straight-line path in forward and backward manner despite unknown geometric parameters, while the linkage angle between the tractor and the trailer being kept bounded and convergent to zero. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed control schemes.
Synthesis and characterization of new fluorescent boro-β-carboline dyes (2021)

The first representatives of the new fluorescent boro-β-carboline family were synthesized by the insertion of the difluoroboranyl group into the oxaza or diaza core. The resulting compounds showed good photophysical properties with fine Stokes-shifts in the range of 38-85 nm with blue and green emission. The energetics of the excitation states and molecular orbitals of two members were investigated by quantum chemical computations suggesting effects for the improved properties of diazaborinino-carbolines over oxazaborolo-carbolines. These properties nominated this chemotype as a new fluorophore for the development of fluorescent probes. As an example, diazaborinino-carbolines were used for the specific labeling of anti-Her2 antibody trastuzumab. The fluorescent conjugate showed a high fluorophore-antibody ratio and was confirmed as a useful tool for labeling and confocal microscopy imaging of tumour cells <i>in vitro</i> together with the <i>ex vivo</i> two-photon microscopy imaging of tumour slices.
Maximum likelihood multiple subspace projections for hidden Markov models (2002)

The first stage in many pattern recognition tasks is to generate a good set of features from the observed data. Usually, only a single feature space is used. However, in some complex pattern recognition tasks the choice of a good feature space may vary depending on the signal content. An example is in speech recognition where phone dependent feature subspaces may be useful. Handling multiple subspaces while still maintaining meaningful likelihood comparisons between classes is a key issue. This paper describes two new forms of multiple subspace schemes. For both schemes, the problem of handling likelihood consistency between the various subspaces is dealt with by viewing the projection schemes within a maximum likelihood framework. Efficient estimation formulae for the model parameters for both schemes are derived. In addition, the computational cost for their use during recognition are given. These new projection schemes are evaluated on a large vocabulary speech recognition task in terms of performance, speed of likelihood calculation and number parameters.
Tales from a Robotic World (2022)

Stories from the future of intelligent machines—from rescue drones to robot spouses—and accounts of cutting-edge research that could make it all possible. Tech prognosticators promised us robots—autonomous humanoids that could carry out any number of tasks. Instead, we have robot vacuum cleaners. But, as Dario Floreano and Nicola Nosengo report, advances in robotics could bring those rosy predictions closer to reality. A new generation of robots, directly inspired by the intelligence and bodies of living organisms, will be able not only to process data but to interact physically with humans and the environment. In this book, Floreano, a roboticist, and Nosengo, a science writer, bring us tales from the future of intelligent machines—from rescue drones to robot spouses—along with accounts of the cutting-edge research that could make it all possible. These stories from the not-so-distant future show us robots that can be used for mitigating effects of climate change, providing healthcare, working with humans on the factory floor, and more. Floreano and Nosengo tell us how an application of swarm robotics could protect Venice from flooding, how drones could reduce traffic on the congested streets of mega-cities like Hong Kong, and how a “long-term relationship model” robot could supply sex, love, and companionship. After each fictional scenario, they explain the technologies that underlie it, describing advances in such areas as soft robotics, swarm robotics, aerial and mobile robotics, humanoid robots, wearable robots, and even biohybrid robots based on living cells. Robotics technology is no silver bullet for all the world's problems—but it can help us tackle some of the most pressing challenges we face.
Image Wishlist: Context and Images in Commons-Based Peer Production Communities (2020)

One promise of commons-based peer production systems is that they provide content (e.g., text, images, sounds, lines of code) for anyone to use, edit, and distribute. However, when some kinds of content are stripped of context and made available for reuse, there are several knock-on effects. In this paper, we discuss how these knock-on effects can complicate the illustration of Wikipedia's encyclopedic articles. We focus on the particularly difficult case of illustrating articles about female anatomy and women's health. Through our analysis, we demonstrate several barriers to illustrating these kinds of articles, including a lack of representative images on Wikimedia Commons, complex issues of consent, and editorial disagreements about the intended audiences for such images. We argue that these barriers are, in part, the unanticipated effects of decontextualization and subsequent recontextualization as images are removed from their original contexts and made available in Wikimedia Commons. Drawing on prior work in language acquisition and archival studies, we critique the design of commons-based peer production systems and suggest ways in which they might be re-designed to account better for the nuances of context. Finally, we raise questions about the costs of recontextualization in peer production systems in general.
Toward conductive traces: Dip Pen Nanolithography® of silver nanoparticle-based inks (2008)

Low cost, direct writing of conductive traces is highly desired for applications in nanoelectronics, photonics, circuit repair, flexible electronics, and nanoparticle-based gas detection. The unique ability of Dip Pen Nanolithography (DPN®) to direct write a variety of materials onto suitable surfaces with nanoscale resolution and area-specific patterning is leveraged in this work. We present a direct-write approach toward creating traces with commercially available silver nanoparticle (AgNP)-based inks using DPN. In this work we demonstrate submicron AgNP feature creation together with a discussion on the ink transport mechanism.
Efficient Synthesis of Hydroxy-Substituted 2-Aminobenzo[d]thiazole-6-carboxylic Acid Derivatives as New Building Blocks in Drug Discovery (2020)

Benzo[<i>d</i>]thiazole is widely used in synthetic and medicinal chemistry, and it is a component of many compounds and drugs that have several different bioactivities. Herein, we describe an elegant pathway for synthesis of methyl 4- and 5-hydroxy-2-amino-benzo[<i>d</i>]thiazole-6-carboxylates as building blocks that can be substituted at four different positions on the bicycle and thus offer the possibility to thoroughly explore the chemical space around the molecule studied as a ligand for the chosen target. A series of 12 new compounds was prepared using the described methods and Williamson ether synthesis.
Microstructure of Adzuki Beans (Vigna angularis cv. Express) (1991)

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to study and compare the mic rostructure of adzuki, black and Mexican red bean seeds. The two cotyledons of the beans were separated by a deep fissure. A view of seed coat surface of adzuki beans revealed a characteristic pattern of convolutions and cracks, not observed on the seed coat surfaces of black or red beans. The cro sssection of seed coat of adzuki beans exhibited a thick layer of palisade cells in the epidermal layer followed by underlaid multiple layers of tightly packed parenchyma cells. A sub-epidermal layer comprised of a single layer of hour-glass cells was observed in the black and red bean seed coats but not in adzuki beans. A cross-section of the hilum region of adzuki beans and Mexican red beans exhibited a double palisade layer , a phenomenon not observed in the black beans. The cross-section of the sub-hilar region of the adzuki and Mexican red beans revealed a sub-hilar plug , not observed in the black bean sub-hilar region . The micrographs of adzuki bean cotyledons showed spherical starch granules with an apparent pitted surface and were loosely embedded in a protein matrix . The starch granules of black and Mexican red beans were more oval in shape, with a smoother surface, more compactly packed and embedded in a protein matrix . The microstructural differences of the adzuki bean from the other common food legumes like black beans and Mexican red beans, may be useful to study the relationship between textural and fun ctional properties of these beans.