gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
원저 : 한국인 담석증에 대한 임상적 고찰 (1997)

Background/Aitns: It has been reported frequently that clinical features of gallstone diseases in Koreans were different from those of Occidentals. These differences were thought to be due to inherent racial difference and acquired living habits. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether the pattern of gallstone disease changes or not in Korea. Methods: We analyzed 5,488 cases of gallstone diseases which were reported in Korea frorn 1966 to 1994. We divided the period into 6 groups: the first period was 1,000 cases reported from 1966 to 1970, the second was 331 cases from 1971 to 1975, the third was 1,000 cases from 1976 to 1980, the fourth was 1,957 cases from 1981 to 1985, the fifth was 1,000 cases from 1986 to 1990, and the sixth was 200 cases from 1991 to 1993. Results: The age group of highest incidence was the fifth and sixth decade. The incidence below the third decade showed a decreasing tendency. In contrast, the incidence above sixth decade showed an increasing tendency. The male to female ratio was 1:1.25 to 1:1.71 and had no periological change. The duration of illness of highest frequency was below 6 months. In the case of duration above 5 years these was a decreasing tendency. The major complaints of biliary stone were right upper quadrant pain and tenderness. Nausea, vomiting, jaundice, and radiating pain showed a decreasing tendency. The major laboratory findings were leukocytosis, elevated SGOT and SGPT, elevated alkaline phosphatase, hyperbilirubinemia and hypoalbuminemia. Of these, only hypoalbuminernia had a decreasing tendency. By the second period, the main diagnostic procedures were oral cholecystogram and intravenous cholecysto- graphy. From the fourth period, ultrasonography, ERCP, CT and PTC were been used comrnonly. For the location of gallstone, the gallbladder stone revealed the only increasing tendency, the common bile duct stone had a decreasing tendency, and the intrahepatic duct stone had no periological change. From 1980, the cholesterol stone became the main composition of gallstones. But, there was no periological change between early and late 1980s. Positive bacterial culture rate was 57.0% and the most common microorganism was E. coli. Klebsiella and Enterobacter. Pseudomonas showed an increasing tendency. Of the diseases associated with gallstone, only diabetes had an increasing tendency. The frequency of residual stone had an increasing tendency. Conclusions: The age of peak incidence of gallstone diseases was the fifth and sixth decades and there was a little predominance in females. From 1980, the cholesterol stone becarne the main composition of gallstones. For the location of gallstone, the gallbladder stone showed an increasing tendency and the common bile duct stone revealed a decreasing tendency. These suggested clinical features of gallstone diseases in Koreans are somewhat similar to those of Occidentals. (Korean J Gastroenterol 1997;29:352 - 361)
The animal lectin galectin-3 interacts with bacterial lipopolysaccharides via two independent sites (1996)

Abstract Galectin-3 is a β-galactoside binding protein expressed by activated macrophages, epithelial cells, and certain other cell types. Galectin-3 has a C-terminal carbohydrate binding domain, an N-terminal part consisting of a proline- and glycine-rich repetitive domain, and a small N-terminal domain. Two independent LPS binding sites on galectin-3 were demonstrated by binding of biotinylated LPS to immobilized recombinant galectin-3. One appears to be the carbohydrate binding site in the C-terminal domain that confers binding of LPS from Klebsiella pneumoniae that has a β-galactoside-containing polysaccharide chain. This binding is best demonstrated using galectin-3 immunocaptured by a mAb to the N-terminal part (M3/38) and is inhibited by lactose. In contrast, Salmonella minnesota R7 LPS (Rd mutant), which is devoid of β-galactosides, appears to bind to a site within the N-terminal part of galectin-3. This interaction is best demonstrated using galectin-3 directly immobilized in wells, and it is inhibited by the Ab M3/38, but not by lactose. Binding inhibition by polymyxin B and the profile of inhibition by a panel of LPSs with different amounts of the inner and outer cores present indicate that this second binding site recognizes the lipid A/inner core region of LPSs.
Multiple effects of artemin on sympathetic neurone generation, survival and growth (2001)

To define the role of artemin in sympathetic neurone development, we have studied the effect of artemin on the generation, survival and growth of sympathetic neurones in low-density dissociated cultures of mouse cervical and thoracic paravertebral sympathetic ganglia at stages throughout embryonic and postnatal development. Artemin promoted the proliferation of sympathetic neuroblasts and increased the generation of new neurones in cultures established from E12 to E14 ganglia. Artemin also exerted a transient survival-promoting action on newly generated neurones during these early stages of development. Between E16 and P8, artemin exerted no effect on survival, but by P12, as sympathetic neurones begin to acquire neurotrophic factor independent survival, artemin once again enhanced survival, and by P20 it promoted survival as effectively as nerve growth factor (NGF). During this late period of development, artemin also enhanced the growth of neurites from cultured neurones more effectively than NGF. Confirming the physiological relevance of the mitogenic action of artemin on cultured neuroblasts, there was a marked reduction in the rate of neuroblast proliferation in the sympathetic ganglia of mice lacking the GFRalpha3 subunit of the artemin receptor. These results indicate that artemin exerts several distinct effects on the generation, survival and growth of sympathetic neurones at different stages of development.
On the properties of elevated layers over Calcutta and its effect on VHF propagation (1989)

With a view to studying the tropospheric irregularities, a multistation observation facility was installed by the Indian Statistical Institute (ISI), Institute of Radiophysics & Electronics (INRAPHEL) and Bengal Engineering College (B.E. College) around Calcutta. In all these three stations necessary provision have been made for simultaneous recording of TV transmission (in the frequency band of 189 MHz) from Satkhira centre in Bangladesh 75 kms from Calcutta. Over Calcutta the authors have detected the presence of elevated structures in different seasons by means of a sodar operating round-the-clock at the ISI. These layers are generally associated with local stability of a large degree. The presence of any type of elevated layers (horizontally, ground-based, or titled) tend to increase the field strength by about 10-25 dB. Titled layers, probably as a result of focussing effects due to layer tilt, appear to produce the greatest enhancement of signal strength. Also they act as a phase changing screen in the propagation path of the VHF signal. As a result, a diffraction pattern is produced at the receiving point of the VHF signal.
A novel nanobiotherapeutic poly-[hemoglobin-superoxide dismutase-catalase-carbonic anhydrase] with no cardiac toxicity for the resuscitation of a rat model with 90 minutes of sustained severe hemorrhagic shock with loss of 2/3 blood volume (2014)

We crosslink hemoglobin (Hb), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and carbonic anhydrase (CA) to form a soluble polyHb-SOD-CAT-CA nanobiotechnological complex. The obtained product is a soluble complex with three enhanced red blood cell (RBC) functions and without blood group antigens. In the present study, 2/3 of blood volume was removed to result in 90-min hemorrhagic shock at mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) of 30 mmHg. This was followed by the reinfusion of different resuscitation fluids, then followed for another 60 min. PolyHb-SOD-CAT-CA maintained the MAP at 87.5 ± 5 mmHg as compared with 3 volumes of lactated Ringer's solution, 43.3 ± 2.8 mmHg; blood, 91.3 ± 3.6 mmHg; polyHb-SOD-CAT, 86.0 ± 4.6 mmHg; poly stroma-free hemolysate (polySFHb), 85.0 ± 2.5 mmHg; and polyHb, 82.6 ± 3.5 mmHg. PolyHb-SOD-CAT-CA was superior to the blood and other fluids based on the following criteria. PolyHb-SOD-CAT-CA reduced tissue pCO2 from 98 ± 4.5 mmHg to 68.6 ± 3 mmHg. This was significantly (p < 0.05) more effective than lactated Ringer's solution (98 ± 4.5 mmHg), polyHb (90.1 ± 4.0 mmHg), polyHb-SOD-CAT (90.9 ± 1.4 mmHg), blood (79.1 ± 4.7 mmHg), and polySFHb (77 ± 5 mmHg). PolyHb-SOD-CAT-CA reduced the elevated ST level to 21.7 ± 6.7% and is significantly (< 0.05) better than polyHb (57.7 ± 8.7%), blood (39.1 ± 1.5%), polySFHb (38.3% ± 2.1%), polyHb-SOD-CAT (27.8 ± 5.6%), and lactated Ringer's solution (106 ± 3.1%). The plasma cardiac troponin T (cTnT) level of polyHb-SOD-CAT-CA group was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than that of all the other groups. PolyHb-SOD-CAT-CA reduced plasma lactate level from 18 ± 2.3 mM/L to 6.9 ± 0.3 mM/L. It was significantly more effective (P < 0.05) than lactated Ringer's solution (12.4 ± 0.6 mM/L), polyHb (9.6 ± 0.7 mM/L), blood (8.1 ± 0.2 mM/L), polySFHb (8.4 ± 0.1 mM/L), and polyHb-SOD-CAT (7.6 ± 0.3 mM/L). PolyHb-SOD-CAT-CA can be stored for 320 days at room temperature. Lyophilized poly-Hb-SOD-CAT-CA can be heat pasteurized at 68F for 2 h. This can be important if there is a need to inactivate human immunodeficiency virus, Ebola virus, and other infectious organisms.
Trends in Modes of Death in Heart Failure Over the Last Two Decades: Less Sudden Death but Cancer Deaths on the Rise (2019)

The modes of death in HF have shifted over the last two decades. Patients with HF die less due to sudden death and more due to non-CV causes, mainly cancer. Whether HF triggers cancer, or cancer develops in HF survivors, deserves further insight.
An Unusual Cyclization in the Naphthalene Series. Synthesis of 1-Ethylanthracene and of 4-Ethylphenanthrene (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAn Unusual Cyclization in the Naphthalene Series. Synthesis of 1-Ethylanthracene and of 4-EthylphenanthreneHillel Bendas and Carl DjerassiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1956, 78, 11, 2474–2476Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01592a036https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01592a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views76Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
3D Multiscale Gradient Pores Impregnated with Ag Nanowires for Simultaneous Pressure and Bending Detection with Enhanced Linear Sensitivity (2020)

Abstract Developing a successful strategy to fabricate multifunctional sensors with high linear sensitivity is crucial for enhancing tactile interactions of the human body with the surrounding environment. Here, a stretchable multifunctional sensor consisting of stretchable porous film with multiscale aligned pores and Ag nanomesh electrode is reported. Due to the gradient in pore size and porosity inside the film, the sensor can detect bending and pressure simultaneously and independently as well as bending direction with quite high linear sensitivity up to 2 kPa. The 12 sensors are attached onto the tip and two joints each of four human fingers of one hand, and the capacitance changes measured by grabbing two different balls provide exact information associated with various hand gestures.
Heat Transfer in Laser Sintering of Thick-Film Microelectronics (2005)

This paper investigates fabrication of functional thick-film components using Selective Laser Sintering (SLS). We demonstrated that SLS has exciting potentials for thick-film metallization of low-temperature substrates. The DC conductivity of laser sintered components is measured for a range of laser scan speeds and powers. The quality of metallization at microwave frequencies is evaluated by comparing the measured Q to simulations. The effects of processing parameters on the quality of components are investigated through a heat transfer analysis of the laser sintering process. Optimum properties of the fabricated components are obtained when proper thermal conditions are achieved during laser heating.
Extraction of MS2 Phage RNA from Upper Respiratory Tract Specimens by Use of Flat Glass Devices (2010)

The isolation of pure nucleic acids from clinical samples is a crucial step in the molecular diagnosis of viral infections by nucleic acid testing (NAT). In this study, novel flat glass devices (cards) were demonstrated to support the rapid and efficient extraction of nucleic acids from upper respiratory tract specimens (nasal washes and swabs). The performance of the nucleic acid extraction cards was directly compared to an existing standardized and automated platform for viral extraction from these types of specimens. The flowthrough card method improved the speed of nucleic acid purification and accommodated larger sample volumes in extraction of bacteriophage MS2 RNA from the various specimen matrices. The dynamic range and estimated sensitivity of the card extraction method for reverse transcriptase quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR)-based detection approximate those of the standardized magnetic glass bead extraction method used in this study.
Grating-tuned external-cavity quantum-cascade semiconductor lasers (2001)

Grating-coupled external-cavity quantum-cascade lasers were studied for temperatures from 80 to 230 K. At 80 K, a tuning range of ∼65–88 nm are obtained for 4.5 and 5.1 μm laser amplifiers, respectively. The tuning ranges for both narrowed substantially with increasing temperature, to ∼23 nm at 203 K. The threshold varied slowly versus wavelength, while the efficiency appeared to be close to optimum toward wavelengths shorter than the free running wavelength.
Research and Development Needs for a Fully Sustainable Biocommodity Industry (2002)

Lignocellulosic biomass provides a low-cost, uniquely sustainable resource for large-scale production of organic fuels and chemicals that can have low environmental impact while providing important economic and strategic advantages. Conversion costs must be competitive for these benefits to be realized, and biological processing routes can take advantage of emerging tools in modern biotechnology to dramatically improve economics. For example, significant advances have been made in biological conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into ethanol, and the private sector is working to apply the technology commercially. Raising the substantial capital needed is challenging for first-of-a-kind commodity projects, but understanding the fundamental principles governing bioprocessing steps will accelerate the rate of application. In addition, improved knowledge of cellulose and hemicellulose hydrolysis grounded in fundamental principles will facilitate improvements that are vital to the cost reductions needed to achieve competitiveness in an open market and to develop a range of sustainable biocommodity products. Premature attempts to force technological applications without building technical and economic foundations will be inefficient in resource allocation and will often fail.
Best practice for wildlife gut microbiome research: A comprehensive review of methodology for 16S rRNA gene investigations (2023)

Extensive research in well-studied animal models underscores the importance of commensal gastrointestinal (gut) microbes to animal physiology. Gut microbes have been shown to impact dietary digestion, mediate infection, and even modify behavior and cognition. Given the large physiological and pathophysiological contribution microbes provide their host, it is reasonable to assume that the vertebrate gut microbiome may also impact the fitness, health and ecology of wildlife. In accordance with this expectation, an increasing number of investigations have considered the role of the gut microbiome in wildlife ecology, health, and conservation. To help promote the development of this nascent field, we need to dissolve the technical barriers prohibitive to performing wildlife microbiome research. The present review discusses the 16S rRNA gene microbiome research landscape, clarifying best practices in microbiome data generation and analysis, with particular emphasis on unique situations that arise during wildlife investigations. Special consideration is given to topics relevant for microbiome wildlife research from sample collection to molecular techniques for data generation, to data analysis strategies. Our hope is that this article not only calls for greater integration of microbiome analyses into wildlife ecology and health studies but provides researchers with the technical framework needed to successfully conduct such investigations.
Electroluminescent bipolar compounds containing quinoxaline or pyridopyrazine and triarylamine segments (2002)

Dipolar compounds containing both quinoxaline/pyridopyrazine acceptors and arylamine/carbazole donors have been prepared by palladium catalyzed C–C coupling (Stille) reactions in good yields and have been characterized by spectroscopic, electrochemical and thermal methods. The charge transfer character of these molecules can be changed by modification of the acceptor or donor ends. They are green emitting with moderate quantum yields in toluene solutions. However, in dichloromethane the emission maximum is red shifted and the quantum yield diminishes appreciably. High glass transition temperatures were realized for these compounds (143–162 °C). The quinoxaline derivatives effectively function as a hole-transporting and emitting layer in yellow/orange emitting double layer electroluminescent devices. We also demonstrate the possibility of using these materials in single layer devices.
KDEL receptor 1 regulates T-cell homeostasis via PP1 that is a key phosphatase for ISR (2015)

KDEL receptors are responsible for retrotransporting endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperones from the Golgi complex to the ER. Here we describe a role for KDEL receptor 1 (KDELR1) that involves the regulation of integrated stress responses (ISR) in T cells. Designing and using an N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU)-mutant mouse line, T-Red (naïve T-cell reduced), we show that a point mutation in KDELR1 is responsible for the reduction in the number of naïve T cells in this model owing to an increase in ISR. Mechanistic analysis shows that KDELR1 directly regulates protein phosphatase 1 (PP1), a key phosphatase for ISR in naïve T cells. T-Red KDELR1 does not associate with PP1, resulting in reduced phosphatase activity against eIF2α and subsequent expression of stress responsive genes including the proapoptotic factor Bim. These results demonstrate that KDELR1 regulates naïve T-cell homeostasis by controlling ISR.
The stiffness modulus in Norway spruce as a function of year ring (2005)

Abstract The elastic properties of Norway spruce were studied by means of ultrasound. Samples were from stems that were grown either at a medium- or a high-fertility site in Finland. The stiffness modulus was determined in the longitudinal, radial, and tangential directions as a function of the distance from the pith using 1-mm-thick samples. Tangentially cut samples contained only earlywood, while radially and longitudinally cut samples contained both earlywood and latewood. The stiffness modulus in the longitudinal direction for Norway spruce grown at a medium-fertility site increased with distance from the pith from 6±1 to 8.5±1 GPa. This parameter increased as the mean microfibril angle decreased. In the radial and tangential directions, the stiffness modulus was nearly constant, at 1±0.15 and 0.35±0.04 GPa, respectively. The longitudinal stiffness modulus of fast-growing clonal trees, which contained a large share of juvenile wood and were growing on a fertile site, was ca. 30% smaller (4±1 GPa near the pith and 6±1 GPa at the age of 12 years) than that of trees on a medium-fertility site. No difference was found in the radial and tangential stiffness modulus between stems grown at the two sites.
Separations of proteins and proteolytic digests of proteins by capillary electrophoresis on superox‐coated open tubular columns (1992)

Abstract Fused silica open tubular columns treated with Superox 0.6 and 4 for capillary electrophoresis were evaluated. Excellent separations of proteins were obtained. Column effeiciencies of over 700,000 theoretical plates were achieved for basic proteins. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) in migration times for these proteins were below 1%. Comparisons were made of the electropherograms of α‐, β‐, γ‐, and δ‐chymotrypsins. Three different protein digestion reagents were used to produce complex peptide mixtures for analysis: trypsin, chymotrypsin, and pepsin. Each reagent produced a unique mixture of peptides. Capillary electrophoresis was used to elute the peptides, yielding highly efficient and reproducible separations.
DIBN: A Decentralized Information-Centric Blockchain Network (2019)

Blockchain is a distributed ledger, characterized by immutability, anonymity and auditability without requiring trust third party. To provide data exchanges to form such ledger, blockchain network enables the dissemination of transactions and blocks to reach the consensus, which mainly consists of attachment strategy and communication strategy. Currently, it is implemented with peer-to-peer overlay network, which, however, suffers from the intrinsic problem of mismatching between traffic flows and underlying network topology. To solve this problem, we employ information-centric networking (ICN) approach to design a decentralized information-centric blockchain network (DIBN), where categories are named to enable the traffic to be decentralized and an any-to-all category dissemination structure (CDS) is established among all the blockchain nodes (BNs) for each category. For the CDS, one BN can efficiently send data to all other BNs aligning the traffic with the underlying network, which overcomes the problem of mismatch. The performance analysis shows that the proposed DIBN can greatly reduce the average path length for data dissemination in blockchain.