gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Conceptos básicos clinicoterapéuticos (2015)

espanolLa migrana es la octava causa de discapacidad por enfermedad, afecta al 15% de la poblacion europea y supone un alto coste economico para la sociedad. Su diagnostico es clinico y se basa en los criterios de la International Classification of Headache Disorders de la International Headache Society. Esta determina tres formas de migrana: episodica con aura, episodica sin aura y cronica. Ademas, establece las infrecuentes complicaciones de la migrana: estatus migranoso, infarto migranoso… El tratamiento consiste en medidas generales para controlar los factores que precipitan los ataques de migrana y los que la pueden cronificar. En ataques moderados son eficaces los antiinflamatorios no esteroideos (evidencia IA) y en los graves los triptanes (evidencia IA). En mas del 50% de pacientes se requiere un tratamiento preventivo, siendo evidencia IA: β-bloqueantes, acido valproico, topiramato, amitritptilina y flunarizina. En la migrana cronica se indica con evidencia IA la toxina botulinica A y el topiramato. En el presente articulo realizamos una actualizacion de la epidemiologia, diagnostico y tratamiento de la migrana. EnglishMigraine is the eighth cause of disability by disease, affects 15% of the European population, and brings a high cost to society. Its diagnosis is clinical and is based on the criteria of the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-3 Beta) of the International Headache Society. Three forms of migraine are described: episodic without aura, episodic with aura, and chronic. It also describes the uncommon complications of migraine: migraine status, migraine infarction, etc. The treatment involves general measures to control the trigger factors that precipitate migraine attacks, and those that can to transform migraine from episodic to chronic (evidence IA). Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) are effective in moderate attacks and triptans in severe attacks (evidence IA). More than 50% of patients require preventive treatment and this is, for evidence IA: beta-blockers, valproate, topiramate, amitriptyline, and flunarizine. In chronic migraine evidence IA toxin botulinum A and topiramate is indicated. For this article, we carried out an update of the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of migraine.
Thermal Conductivity of Ceramic Coating Materials Determined by a Laser Heat Flux Technique (2001)

Environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) have been developed to protect Si-based ceramic components in gas turbine engines from high temperature environmental attack [1-3]. With continuously increasing demands for significantly higher engine operating temperature, fuel efficiency and better engine reliability, future EBC systems must be designed for both thermal and environmental protections of the engine components in gas turbine combustion gas environment [4]. In particular, thermal barrier functions of EBCs become a necessity for reducing the engine component thermal loads and chemical reaction rates, thus maintaining required mechanical properties and durability of these components. The development of advanced thermal barrier and environmental barrier coatings (TBCs and EBCs) will directly impact the successful use of ceramic components in advanced engine systems. Plasma-sprayed ZrO2-8wt%Y2O3, and (Ba,Sr)Al2Si2O8 (BSAS)-mullite coatings have been successfully used as thermal barrier coatings for superalloy components, and environmental barrier coatings for SiC/SiC ceramic matrix composite (CMC) systems, respectively. In this study, a laser steady-state heat flux technique is established to evaluate high temperature thermal conductivity of both the hot-pressed and plasma-sprayed TBC/EBC materials. The thermal conductivity data are of great importance for future advanced coating design.
Table-Top Laser-Based Source of Femtosecond, Collimated, Ultrarelativistic Positron Beams (2013)

The generation of ultrarelativistic positron beams with short duration (τ(e+) ≃ 30 fs), small divergence (θ(e+) ≃ 3 mrad), and high density (n(e+) ≃ 10(14)-10(15) cm(-3)) from a fully optical setup is reported. The detected positron beam propagates with a high-density electron beam and γ rays of similar spectral shape and peak energy, thus closely resembling the structure of an astrophysical leptonic jet. It is envisaged that this experimental evidence, besides the intrinsic relevance to laser-driven particle acceleration, may open the pathway for the small-scale study of astrophysical leptonic jets in the laboratory.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Enantio‐ and Diastereomerically Pure Tetra‐ and Penta‐Substituted Cyclopentanes by the Desymmetrization of endo‐Norborn‐5‐ene‐2,3‐dicarboxylic Anhydrides. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Harvesting the greater saphenous vein with a subcutaneous vein remover. (1985)

A subcutaneous vein remover has been developed to facilitate harvesting of the greater saphenous vein. The technique described is applicable only to the segment of saphenous vein above the knee. This technique was used in 19 selected patients without complication; however, intraoperative and postoperative precautions are necessary to prevent bleeding and injury to the vein.
A prototype of ROIC for pyroelectric uncooled IRFPA with colume-level ADC (2013)

To meet the interest in low power, low cost and small volume, uncooled Infrared Focal Plane Array(IRFPA) and Readout Integrated Circuit(ROIC) with ADC are both emphases for the third generation IRFPA. This paper presents a prototype verification of ROIC with a 14-bit column-level ADC for pyroelectric array. The architecture of ADC is not sensitive to comparator's delay. Therefore, low power and low noise design can be achieved. A prototype of ROIC with column-level ADC is implemented with a 0.5µm DPTM process. And the circuit can be expended to 384×288 array operating at 60Hz. The current of each column ADC is about 6µA.
Carbon Nanotube Membrane Stack for Flow-through Sequential Regenerative Electro-Fenton (2015)

Electro-Fenton is a promising advanced oxidation process for water treatment consisting a series redox reactions. Here, we design and examine an electrochemical filter for sequential electro-Fenton reactions to optimize the treatment process. The carbon nanotube (CNT) membrane stack (thickness ∼ 200 μm) used here consisted of 1) a CNT network cathode for O2 reduction to H2O2, 2) a CNT-COOFe(2+) cathode to chemical reduction H2O2 to (•)OH and HO(-) and to regenerate Fe(2+) in situ, 3) a porous PVDF or PTFE insulating separator, and 4) a CNT filter anode for remaining intermediate oxidation intermediates. The sequential electro-Fenton was compared to individual electrochemical and Fenton process using oxalate, a persistent organic, as a target molecule. Synergism is observed during the sequential electro-Fenton process. For example, when [DO]in = 38 ± 1 mg L(-1), J = 1.6 mL min(-1), neutral pH, and Ecell = 2.89 V, the sequential electro-Fenton oxidation rate was 206.8 ± 6.3 mgC m(-2) h(-1), which is 4-fold greater than the sum of the individual electrochemistry (16.4 ± 3.2 mgC m(-2) h(-1)) and Fenton (33.3 ± 1.3 mgC m(-2) h(-1)) reaction fluxes, and the energy consumption was 45.8 kWh kgTOC(-1). The sequential electro-Fenton was also challenged with the refractory trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and trichloroacetic acid (TCA), and they can be transferred at a removal rate of 11.3 ± 1.2 and 21.8 ± 1.9 mmol m(-2) h(-1), respectively, with different transformation mechanisms.
Density-of-states determination of amorphous silicon from space-charge-limited photocurrents (1990)

The density-of-states around midgap g(E) of undoped amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) has been determined by measuring the space-charge-limited photocurrent (SCLPC) of a-Si:H Schottky diodes under blue light (λ=450 nm) illumination. In this novel technique, a single type of photogenerated carrier is utilized as the source of space charge to dispense with highly doped layers required in the conventional space-charge-limited current (SCLC) technique. Conditions for the uniform formation of space charge are discussed and checked by the satisfaction of a scaling law for samples with different thicknesses. The g(E) deduced from the SCLPC is found to be similar to that from the SCLC technique.
Cost comparison between two modes of palmaz schatz coronary stent implantation: Transradial bare stent technique vs. transfemoral sheath‐protected stent technique (1995)

Coronary Palmaz Schatz stent implantation is usually performed by using the sheath protected stent delivery system (SDS) via the percutaneous transfemoral route. However, downsizing of PTCA equipment made transradial coronary stenting feasible. Bare stent implantation, 6F technique, increased patient mobility, reduced vascular complications and reduced hospital stay may increase cost effectiveness of this novel technique. Two well-documented patient groups selected for elective single vessel and single lesion Palmaz Schatz stent implantation were retrospectively compared. Group A (transradial stenting; n = 35) was compared to Group B (transfemoral stenting; n = 25) derived from the Benestent population, included in our hospital. A comparison was made for three areas of interest: (1) procedural consumption of material (the number of guiding catheters, guidewires, balloon catheters and stents), (2) postprocedural need for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures for stent-related complications, and (3) duration of hospital stay. Differences between these subjects in Group A and B were translated to hospital costs. Although more guiding catheters were used in group A (1.69 +/- 0.87 vs. 1.08 +/- 0.28; P = 0.001), the use of the SDS contributed importantly to higher material costs in group B (cost reduction in group A; 13%). Less patients in group A required diagnostic (2 vs. 7; P = 0.027) and therapeutic (0 vs. 5; P = 0.01) procedures for bleeding complications (cost reduction; 93%). Hospitalization in Group A was shorter (6.4 +/- 4.7 vs. 11.6 +/- 9.9 days; P = 0.005), caused by early and safe mobilization, less vascular complications, and preprocedural adjustment on coumadin (cost reduction; 45%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Ekman Veering, Internal Waves, and Turbulence Observed under Arctic Sea Ice (2014)

Abstract The ice–ocean system is investigated on inertial to monthly time scales using winter 2009–10 observations from the first ice-tethered profiler (ITP) equipped with a velocity sensor (ITP-V). Fluctuations in surface winds, ice velocity, and ocean velocity at 7-m depth were correlated. Observed ocean velocity was primarily directed to the right of the ice velocity and spiraled clockwise while decaying with depth through the mixed layer. Inertial and tidal motions of the ice and in the underlying ocean were observed throughout the record. Just below the ice–ocean interface, direct estimates of the turbulent vertical heat, salt, and momentum fluxes and the turbulent dissipation rate were obtained. Periods of elevated internal wave activity were associated with changes to the turbulent heat and salt fluxes as well as stratification primarily within the mixed layer. Turbulent heat and salt fluxes were correlated particularly when the mixed layer was closest to the freezing temperature. Momentum flux is adequately related to velocity shear using a constant ice–ocean drag coefficient, mixing length based on the planetary and geometric scales, or Rossby similarity theory. Ekman viscosity described velocity shear over the mixed layer. The ice–ocean drag coefficient was elevated for certain directions of the ice–ocean shear, implying an ice topography that was characterized by linear ridges. Mixing length was best estimated using the wavenumber of the beginning of the inertial subrange or a variable drag coefficient. Analyses of this and future ITP-V datasets will advance understanding of ice–ocean interactions and their parameterizations in numerical models.
INVESTIGATIONS INTO THE ACETYLCHOLINE OUTPUT FROM THE CEREBRAL CORTEX OF THE CAT IN THE PRESENCE OF HYOSCINE (1967)

Many centrally acting cholinoceptive receptor blocking drugs reduce the level of cerebral acetylcholine (Ach) in the rat Of the drugs tested hyoscine hydrobromide was the most effective and the reduction in Ach content was restricted to the cerebral hemispheres The decrease of brain Ach caused by hyoscine was also shown to occur in the guinea-pig
Raw data for Supplementary Table 1 and 2 from p62/SQSTM1 Cooperates with Hyperactive mTORC1 to Regulate Glutathione Production, Maintain Mitochondrial Integrity, and Promote Tumorigenesis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Raw data and bioinformatic analysis of metabolomics and ion torrent expression profiling&lt;/p&gt;
Ticagrelor FDA Approval Issues Revisited (2012)

The facts outlined in official reviews suggest that ticagrelor has been approved despite objections from both clinical primary reviewers assessing drug efficacy and safety. In addition, the statistical reviewer and cross-discipline team leader also recommended against approval. The putative grounds for their concerns were retrieved from the public FDA records and are briefly outlined here.
On the minimum distance problem for faster-than-Nyquist signaling (1988)

The authors reconsider the problem of determining the minimum distance between output sequences of an ideal band-limiting channel that are generated by uncoded binary sequences transmitted at a rate exceeding the Nyquist rate. For signaling rates up to about 25% faster than the Nyquist rate, it is shown that the minimum distance does not drop below the value which it would have in the ideal case wherein there is not intersymbol interference. Mathematically, the problem is to decide if the best L/sup 2/ Fourier approximation to the constant 1 on the interval (- sigma pi , sigma pi ), 0< sigma <or=1, using the functions exp(inx), n>0, with coefficients restricted to be =1 or =0, occurs when all coefficients are zero. This is shown to be optimal for 0.802...<or= sigma <or=1.<<ETX>>
ChemInform Abstract: THE SYNTHESIS AND PHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF SOME 4‐OXA‐10B‐AZAFLUORANTHENEALKANAMINES (1979)

Abstract 1. Umsetzung des aus den Komponenten (I) und (II) erhältlichen Produkts (IVa) (Diastereomerengemisch) mit Dimethylamin (III) gibt die (getrennten) Diastereomeren (IVb) + (IVc), deren Mesylate (IVd) bzw. (IVe) zu den Heterocyclen (Va) bzw. (Vb) cyclisiert werden (Ausb. bezogen auf (IVb) bzw. (IVe)).
VR system for rehabilitation based on hand gestural and olfactory interaction (2015)

The study of new systems for supporting upper limb rehabilitation is of primary importance, due to the high number of people in need of rehabilitation and the limited effectiveness of most of the current systems. The research work described in this paper proposes a VR system for upper-limb rehabilitation that is immersive, is based on hand gestures to interact with virtual objects, and which can deliver odours when a goal is reached.
Shear-Sensitive Liquid Crystal Coating Method: Surface-Inclination Effects on Shear Vector Measurements (1998)

The shear-sensitive liquid crystal coating (SSLCC) method is an image-based technique for both visualizing dynamic surface-flow phenomena, such as transition and separation, and for measuring the continuous shear-stress vector distribution acting on an aerodynamic surface. Under proper lighting and viewing conditions (discussed below), the coating changes color in response to an applied aerodynamic shear. This color-change response is continuous and reversible, with a response time of milliseconds, and is a function of both the shear magnitude and the shear vector orientation relative to the observer. The liquid crystal phase of matter is a weakly-ordered, viscous, non-Newtonian fluid state that exists between the nonuniform liquid phase and the ordered solid phase of certain organic compounds. Cholesteric liquid crystal compounds possess a helical molecular arrangement that selectively scatters white light, incident along the helical axis, as a three-dimensional spectrum. This property is linked to the helical pitch length, which is within the range of wavelengths in the visible spectrum. The pitch length, and hence the wavelength of the scattered light, is influenced by shear stress normal to the helical axis. This unique optical property produces a measurable color change in response to an applied shearing force. The full-surface shear stress vector measurement method, developed at NASA-Ames, is schematically illustrated. As with the visualization method, the coated test surface is illuminated from the normal direction with white light and the camera is positioned at an above-plane view angle of approximately 30 deg. Experiments have been initiated at NASA Ames to begin the process of quantifying surface-inclination (surface-curvature) effects on shear vector measurement accuracy. In preliminary experiments, surface-inclination angles theta(sub x), theta(sub y) of 0, +/-5, +/-10, and +/-15 deg were employed. In this arrangement, white-light illumination was positioned normal to the untilted test surface, and the camera above-plane view angle was set at 30 deg relative to the untilted test surface. As can be seen, vector-aligned lambda(sub d) values showed no dependence on theta(sub x) or theta(sub y) for absolute values of these tilt angles is less than or equal to 15 deg. Acquisition and analyses of full-surface color images are presently underway to definitively document the insensitivity limits of the shear vector measurement methodology to surface-slope variations.
Computer Aided Preoperative Planning in Knee Osteotomy (1995)

It has been demonstrated that osteoarthritis (OA) is activity related and may worsen when joint contact stress becomes excessive due to overloading. Hence, joint alignment and loading are considered to be the key biomechanical determinants for OA. The initiation of pathologic changes in the knee has been described by the mechanism termed, "vicious cycle" in which joint axial malalignment creates excessive stresses to the localized joint cartilage/subchondral bone regions and the surrounding soft tissue which in turn produces more laxity and joint deformity and thus repeats the cyclic degradation mechanism. If this degenerative cycle can be broken with joint alignment surgery such as osteotomy, a procedure to realign the knee joint and thus redistribute joint forces applied to each compartment, performed properly and at the appropriate time, the osteoarthritic disease process can be decelerated and even reversed. The main goals of this paper are to emphasize the importance of accurate preoperative planning for osteotomy in order to properly correct joint alignment, and to justify the application of an existing computer program, OASIS (Osteotomy Analysis and Simulation Software) using plain radiographs to perform appropriate surgical planning. Normal subjects and knee osteotomy patients were studied to establish a database for the purpose of establishing the utility and efficacy of the presently proposed concept. We wish to rationalize knee osteotomy as a preferred and cost-effective treatment for patients with early symptoms of OA in the knee. This paper presents a new concept of preoperative planning for knee osteotomy based on the underlying etiology of the disease and biomechanical viewpoint with strong emphasis on surgical treatment rationales. The established principles in this paper can be applied to other joints of the body and will help implement preventive measures and other non-surgical means to manage patients with axial malalignment or early degenerative changes.
DONO EL GOBIERNO JAPONES 22 COMPUTADORAS AL IIEC (1989)

EL GOBIERNO DE JAPON DONO AL INSTITUTO DE INVESTIGACIONES ECONOMICAS (IIEC) DE LA UNAM 22 COMPUTADORAS QUE PERMITIRAN INCREMENTAR NOTABLEMENTE SU CAPACIDAD DE ALMACENAMIENTO Y DE ANALISIS DE LA INFORMACION QUE GENERA. EL SENOR RYUKICHI IMAI, EMBAJADOR DE JAPON EN MEXICO, EXPRESO QUE LA DONACION -CON UN VALOR DE 44 MILLONES DE YENES- MUESTRA EL INTERES PERMANENTE DE SU PAIS POR COOPERAR CON LAS NACIONES AMIGAS, PARTICULARMENTE EN EL ASPECTO DE LA ENSENANZA. EXTERNO SU SATISFACCION PORQUE LA DONACION BENEFICIA A UNA DE LAS INSTITUCIONES DE INVESTIGACION ECONOMICA MAS GRANDE Y PRESTIAGA DE AMERICA LATINA.
Spectrochemical determination of unique bacterial responses following long-term low-level exposure to antimicrobials (2018)

Agents arising from engineering or pharmaceutical industries may have significant environmental impacts.
System on Chip design of Embedded Controller for Car Black Box (2007)

This paper describes the design process of car black box system IC. As x by wire is introduced to the several part in vehicle, the demand of automotive semiconductors are increasing. Because it will be mandatory for every car to be equipped with Car Black Box, it is expected that many ICs for Car Black Box also will be integrated. Unlike general electronic control units (ECUs) as PCB or module, car black box implemented on a single chip can reduce its size, power consumption and the cost. So the topic of this paper is to develop the Embedded controller for Car Black Box using SoC (System on Chip) technique. System on Chip (SoC) is the effective method to implement embedded system like car black box, which consists of processor, memory, I/O peripheral and several interfaces. SoC for Car Black Box system consists of 8051 processor, CAN (Controller Area Network) controller, JPEG compressor, SD controller for dumping the data from memory buffer to SD card, ROM for programming and SRAM acting as memory buffer. Describing the design process in the hardware and software, it was shown in the verification using MFC(Microsoft Foundation Class) program whether the required data such as image, location and other vehicle control status information was recorded and recovered.
Combined growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor I in addition to glutamine-supplemented TPN results in net protein anabolism in critical illness (2004)

Protein loss leading to reduced lean body mass is recognized to contribute to the high levels of morbidity and mortality seen in critical illness. This prospective, randomized, controlled study compared the effects of conventional parenteral nutrition (TPN), glutamine-supplemented (0.4 g.kg-1.day-1) TPN (TPNGLN), and TPNGLN with combined growth hormone (GH, 0.2 IU.kg-1.day-1) and IGF-I (160 microg.kg-1.day-1) on protein metabolism in critical illness. Nineteen mechanically ventilated subjects [64 +/- 3 yr, body mass index (BMI) 23.8 +/- 1.3, kg/m2] were initially studied in the fasting state (study 1) and subsequently after 3 days of nutritional with/without hormonal support (study 2). All had recently been admitted to the ICU and the majority were postemergency abdominal surgery (APACHE II 17.5 +/- 1.0). Protein metabolism was assessed using a primed constant infusion of [1-13C]leucine. Conventional TPN contained mixed amino acids, Intralipid, and 50% dextrose. TPNGLN, unlike TPN alone, resulted in an increase in plasma glutamine concentration ( approximately 50%, P < 0.05). Both TPN and TPNGLN decreased the rate of protein breakdown (TPN 15%, P < 0.002; TPNGLN 16%, P < 0.05), but during these treatments the patients remained in a net negative protein balance. Combined treatment with TPNGLN + GH/IGF-I increased plasma IGF-I levels (10.3 +/- 0.8 vs. 48.1 +/- 9.1 nmol/l, study 1 vs. study 2, P < 0.05), and in contrast to therapy with nutrition alone, resulted in net protein gain (-0.75 +/- 0.14 vs. 0.33 +/- 0.12 g protein.kg-1.day-1, study 1 vs. study 2, P < 0.05). Therapy with GH/IGF-I + TPNGLN, unlike nutrition alone, resulted in net positive protein balance in a group of critically ill patients.
Variability in Oxidation Resistance of ZrB2-SiC (2012)

Abstract not Available.