gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-speed scattering medium characterization with application to focusing light through turbid media (2012)

We introduce a phase-control holographic technique to characterize scattering media with the purpose of focusing light through it. The system generates computer-generated holograms implemented via a deformable mirror device (DMD) based on micro-electro-mechanical technology. The DMD can be updated at high data rates, enabling high speed wavefront measurements using the transmission matrix method. The transmission matrix of a scattering material determines the hologram required for focusing through the scatterer. We demonstrate this technique measuring a transmission matrix with 256 input modes and a single output mode in 33.8 ms and creating a focus with a signal to background ratio of 160. We also demonstrate focusing through a temporally dynamic, strongly scattering sample with short speckle decorrelation times.
Pharmacological Studies of Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH) Receptors fromXenopus laevis: Is xTRHR3 a TRH Receptor? (2003)

Previously, three receptors, xTRHR1, xTRHR2, and xTRHR3, were cloned from brain tissue of Xenopus laevis with primers designed using sequences from the mammalian TRH receptor (TRHR) subtype 1. We expressed the Xenopus receptors in HEK 293EM cells and studied their binding and signaling properties using a series of TRH analogs substituted at the first, second, and third positions. We observed that the three Xenopus receptors exhibited binding and signaling properties that were distinct. Although xTRHR1 was most similar to mouse TRHR1 (mTRHR1), it exhibited binding affinities that were different from mTRHR1. In contrast to mTRHR2, xTRHR2 exhibited lower affinities and potencies for all TRH analogs than mTRHR1. The xTRHR3 displayed very low affinities and potencies for TRH and TRH analogs and showed little discrimination for TRH analogs; it is likely, therefore, that another peptide is the cognate ligand for xTRHR3. Our findings show differences between TRHR1 and TRHR2 from Xenopus and mammals and suggest that xTRHR3 is a receptor for a ligand other than TRH.
RELIABILITY ASPECTS ON THE WARTSILA NOHAB 25-ENGINE LINE (1989)

The WN25 engine line has been produced since 1962. The engines are found in a number of different applications such as: - propulsion engines in ships - gensets for propulsion auxiliary and emergency use in semisubmersible platforms - emergency gensets in nuclear power stations - base load gensets in stationary applications etc. The engines have during the years and under different conditions proved their reliability. Continuity in development, module applications, established QA-systems and preventive maintenance are parameters discussed in this paper. Special emphasis is laid on an analysis of impacts on reliability from some important components.
Induction of myeloma-specific cytotoxic T cells using dendritic cells transfected with tumor-derived RNA (2003)

Current immunotherapeutic trials for patients with multiple myeloma (MM) focus on the idiotype (Id) as a tumor-specific antigen for active immunization. To bypass the need for the identification of shared MM-associated antigens and the characterization of possible immunogenic T-cell epitopes in a human leukocyte antigen (HLA) type-restricted manner, we focused on myeloma RNA transfection of dendritic cells (DCs). Total RNA encodes the whole antigen content of tumor cells, therefore allowing the transfected DCs to process and present the most relevant peptides and to induce a possible polyclonal cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against different immunogenic antigens. We transfected monocyte-derived DCs with total RNA from the myeloma cell lines LP-1 and U266 by electroporation and investigated the potential of these DCs to induce myeloma-specific CTLs. We show that RNA-transfected DCs induce CTLs that lyse the LP-1 and U266 myeloma cells in an antigen-specific and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-restricted manner, as demonstrated by cold-target inhibition and antibody-blocking studies. Interestingly, LP-1-specific CTLs showed no specificity for the idiotype. Consistent with studies demonstrating mucin 1 (MUC1) as a myeloma-associated antigen, we found MUC1 specificity of the CTLs induced with U266-derived RNA. As corresponding epitopes, we tested the described peptides M1.1 and M1.2 and found a striking fine specificity for M1.2, assuming a possible immunodominance of this peptide. This is the first report on the induction of myeloma-specific CTLs by RNA transfection of DCs.
Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) Provides Molecular Markers for the Identification of Caladium bicolor Cultivars (1999)

Caladiums are popular ornamental plants that have not been well studied at the molecular level. Identification of species within the genus Caladium (Araceae) has been based primarily on morphology. However, the lack of comprehensive references makes identification of Caladium cultivars extremely difficult. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis using 17 primer combinations was carried out on two species of Caladium (C. bicolor and C. schomburgkii), including six cultivars of C. bicolor. Results showed that AFLP can be used to distinguish these two species by their unique and different banding patterns. Unweighted Pair Group Method using Arithmetic Averages (UPGMA) permitted cluster analysis of data from 17 selected primer combinations on six cultivars of C. bicolor and one cultivar of C. schomburgkii. It showed that closely related species can clearly be differentiated and that genetic difference between cultivars can also be established. Unique AFLP molecular markers were detected for all the C. bicolor cultivars used. The use of AFLP has potential for precisely characterizing and identifying particular caladium cultivars as well as for the registration of new cultivars. It will also be useful in future breeding programmes and systematics studies.
The Structure of Subulacine-N-oxide (1988)

The nmr spectra reported for subulacine-N-oxide are shown to be those of lfl.2fl-epoxy-la-hydrorymethyl-8a-pyrrolizidine. 1 Subulacine-N-oxide, the major alkaloid of Heliotroplum subulatum, was recently reported in thls journal to possess structure 1, a pyrrolizidine system with an anellated oxetane ring.But the chemical shifts given for the oxetane protons (3.55 and 3.77 ppm) and the geminal coupling con- stant (12.7 Hz) for the oxetane 0CH2 group indicate immediately, that structure L cannot be
1-[3-(2-[18F]Fluoropyridin-3-yloxy)propyl]pyrrole-2,5-dione:  Design, Synthesis, and Radiosynthesis of a New [18F]Fluoropyridine-Based Maleimide Reagent for the Labeling of Peptides and Proteins (2005)

FPyME (1-[3-(2-fluoropyridin-3-yloxy)propyl]pyrrole-2,5-dione) was designed as a [(18)F]fluoropyridine-based maleimide reagent for the prosthetic labeling of peptides and proteins via selective conjugation with a thiol (sulfhydryl) function. Its pyridinyl moiety carries the radioactive halogen (fluorine-18) which can be efficiently incorporated via a nucleophilic heteroaromatic substitution, and its maleimido function ensures the efficient alkylation of a free thiol function as borne by cysteine residues. [(18)F]FPyME (HPLC-purified) was prepared in 17-20% non-decay-corrected yield, based on starting [(18)F]fluoride, in 110 min using a three-step radiochemical pathway. The developed procedure involves (1) a high-yield nucleophilic heteroaromatic ortho-radiofluorination on [3-(3-tert-butoxycarbonylaminopropoxy)pyridin-2-yl]trimethylammonium trifluoromethanesulfonate as the fluorine-18 incorporation step, followed by (2) rapid and quantitative TFA-induced removal of the N-Boc-protective group and (3) optimized maleimide formation using N-methoxycarbonylmaleimide. Typically, 4.8-6.7 GBq (130-180 mCi) of radiochemically pure [(18)F]FPyME ([(18)F]-1) could be obtained after semipreparative HPLC in 110 min starting from a cyclotron production batch of 33.3 GBq (900 mCi) of [(18)F]fluoride (overall radiochemical yields, based on starting [(18)F]fluoride: 28-37% decay-corrected). [(18)F]FPyME ([(18)F]-1) was first conjugated with a small model hexapeptide ((N-Ac)KAAAAC), confirming the excellent chemoselectivity of the coupling reaction (CH(2)SH versus CH(2)NH(2)) and then conjugated with two 8-kDa proteins of interest, currently being developed as tumor imaging agents (c-AFIM-0 and c-STxB). Conjugation was achieved in high yields (60-70%, isolated and non-decay-corrected) and used optimized, short-time reaction conditions (a 1/9 (v/v) mixture of DMSO and 0.05 M aq Tris NaCl buffer (pH 7.4) or 0.1 M aq PBS (pH 8), at room temperature for 10 min) and purification conditions (a gel filtration using a Sephadex NAP-10 cartridge or a SuperDex Peptide HR 10/30 column), both compatible with the chemical stability of the proteins and the relatively short half-life of the radioisotope concerned. The whole radiosynthetic procedure, including the preparation of the fluorine-18-labeled reagent, the conjugation with the protein and the final purification took 130-140 min. [(18)F]FPyME ([(18)F]-1) represents a new, valuable, thiol-selective, fluorine-18-labeled reagent for the prosthetic labeling with fluorine-18 of peptides and proteins. Because of its excellent chemoselectivity, [(18)F]FPyME offers an interesting alternative to the use of the nonselective carboxylate and amine-reactive [(18)F]reagents and can therefore advantageously be used for the design and development of new peptide- and protein-based radiopharmaceuticals for PET.
Near-infrared ps transient photoinduced absorption in conjugated systems (1997)

We demonstrate the use of a color center laser in a pump- and-probe correlation technique which enables us to extend the probe spectral range into the infrared. As a result, we find strong photoinduced infrared absorption in several (pi) -conjugated polymers and oligomers. We associate this absorption with optical transitions in the singlet exciton manifold.
Faithful recovering of quadric surfaces from 3D range data (2003)

The paper proposes a reliable method for estimating quadric surfaces from 3D range data in the framework of object recognition and localization or object modelling. Instead of estimating a quadric surface individually, the approach fits all the surfaces captured in the scene together, taking into account the geometric relationships between them and their specific characteristics. The technique is compared with other methods through experiments performed on real objects.
Output Buffer Circuits for Medium or Small Size TFT-LCD Driver IC (2006)

Based on the detailed analysis of the loading properties of a medium or small size TFT-LCD driver IC,a novel output buffer circuit of driving voltages is proposed.By using negative voltage feedback,the operating states of the output stage in the output buffer circuit can be controlled dynamically,which can provide source current and sink current alternately,so that the output voltage fluctuations can be rejected effectively.Compared with a conventional push-pull output buffer circuit,it has such advantages as lower static power consumption,smaller chip area,and better stability.Two output buffer circuits driving different voltages are designed and implemented using a 0.25μm CMOS process.HSPICE simulation results show that the static current is 3μA and the offset voltage is less than ±2mV.Furthermore,when the driving voltage for the TFT-LCD panel is switched between -8 and 16V,the fluctuations and the recovering times of the output voltages are less than ±0.4V and 7μs,respectively.By measuring the TFT-LCD driver IC’s engineering samples,it is shown that the proposed output buffer circuits can completely satisfy the demands of a medium or small size TFT-LCD driver IC.
A point process model-based framework reveals reinforcement mechanisms in striatum during high frequency STN DBS (2012)

Striatum is a major stage of the motor loop but, despite a pivotal role in the execution of movements, it has been poorly studied thus far under Parkinsonian conditions and Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS). We propose a computational framework to analyze the spiking activity of striatal neurons under several conditions. This framework combines point process models and single unit recordings, and separately evaluates the effects of the spiking history, DBS frequency, and other cells on the neuronal discharge pattern, thus giving a full characterization of non-stationary neuronal dynamics and inter-neuronal dependencies. We applied this framework to 166 striatal neurons collected in a monkey both at rest and during DBS (30-130 Hz). Our analysis was conducted both before and after treatment of the animal with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), which evoked Parkinsonian-like motor disorders. We reported that high frequency (≥100 Hz) DBS reduces non-stationary dynamics and inter-neuronal dependencies by regularizing the discharge patterns both in MPTP and normal striatum, while the combination of MPTP and low frequency (30-80 Hz) DBS enhances these features, thus suggesting that pattern regularization in striatum might contribute to the therapeutic effect of high frequency DBS and presumably results from the overlap of feed-forward and feedback activation along the motor loop (reinforcement).
Voltage pulse stress effect on gate stack TDDB distributions at nanometric scale: Consequence on aging by ESD (2014)

The effects of a voltage pulse stress on time to breakdown and breakdown voltage distributions of a 1.4nm thick SiON layer are investigated at nanometric scale using an atomic force microscope in conduction mode under ultra-high vacuum. Thanks to the reduced tip/sample contact area, a large window of voltage pulse amplitude and length is allowed. It is found that the pre-stress pulse does impact the slope of the cumulative failure distribution but has no effect on the voltage acceleration factor. Using this assumption an extrapolation formula is given to predict the decrease of the time to breakdown as a function of the pre-stress pulse parameters.
Effect of Valsartan Added to Background ACE Inhibitor Therapy in Patients with Heart Failure: Results from Val-HeFT (2004)

Valsartan reduces heart failure hospitalisations and slows LV remodelling in patients treated with an ACEi in the absence of beta-blockade, particularly in those on lower doses of ACEi.
Polarity reversal of wakefields driven by ultrashort pulse laser (2020)

Using an analytical model and computer simulation, we show that the wakefield driven by an ultrashort laser pulse in high-density plasma periodically reverses its polarity due to the carrier-envelope phase shift of the driver. The wakefield polarity reversal occurs on spatial scales shorter than the typical length considered for electron acceleration with the laser-wakefield mechanism. Consequently, the energies of accelerated electrons are significantly affected. The results obtained are important for the laser-wakefield acceleration under the conditions relevant to present-day high-repetition-rate laser systems.
Polygenic Type 2 Diabetes Prediction at the Limit of Common Variant Detection (2014)

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) may have reached their limit of detecting common type 2 diabetes (T2D)-associated genetic variation. We evaluated the performance of current polygenic T2D prediction. Using data from the Framingham Offspring (FOS) and the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) studies, we tested three hypotheses: 1) a 62-locus genotype risk score (GRSt) improves T2D prediction compared with previous less inclusive GRSt; 2) separate GRS for β-cell (GRSβ) and insulin resistance (GRSIR) independently predict T2D; and 3) the relationships between T2D and GRSt, GRSβ, or GRSIR do not differ between blacks and whites. Among 1,650 young white adults in CARDIA, 820 young black adults in CARDIA, and 3,471 white middle-aged adults in FOS, cumulative T2D incidence was 5.9%, 14.4%, and 12.9%, respectively, over 25 years. The 62-locus GRSt was significantly associated with incident T2D in all three groups. In FOS but not CARDIA, the 62-locus GRSt improved the model C statistic (0.698 and 0.726 for models without and with GRSt, respectively; P < 0.001) but did not materially improve risk reclassification in either study. Results were similar among blacks compared with whites. The GRSβ but not GRSIR predicted incident T2D among FOS and CARDIA whites. At the end of the era of common variant discovery for T2D, polygenic scores can predict T2D in whites and blacks but do not outperform clinical models. Further optimization of polygenic prediction may require novel analytic methods, including less common as well as functional variants.
Identification of the vaccinia virus gene encoding an 18-kilodalton subunit of RNA polymerase and demonstration of a 5' poly(A) leader on its early transcript (1990)

The DNA-dependent RNA polymerase of vaccinia virus contains 8 to 10 virus-encoded polypeptides. We have mapped the gene encoding an 18-kilodalton RNA polymerase subunit to D7R, the seventh open reading frame of the HindIII D genomic subfragment. Localization of this gene was achieved by using antibody to the purified RNA polymerase for immunoprecipitation of the in vitro translation products of in vivo-synthesized early mRNA selected by hybridization to cloned DNA fragments. The identification was confirmed by translation of D7R transcripts made in vitro with bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase. The phenotypes of two previously isolated conditionally lethal temperature-sensitive mutants that map to D7R (J. Seto, L. M. Celenza, R. C. Condit, and E. G. Niles, Virology 160:110-119, 1987) are consistent with an essential role of this subunit in late transcription. This polymerase gene, designated rpo18, predicts a polypeptide of 161 amino acids with a molecular mass of 17,892. The rpo18 gene is transcribed early in infection, even though the 5'-TAAATG-3' motif, which is conserved among many genes of the late class, is present near the RNA start site. Characterization of the 5' end of the early transcript by several different methods, including cDNA cloning, revealed a poly(A) leader with up to 14 adenylate residues, whereas only 3 are present in the corresponding location of the DNA template. Similar but somewhat longer poly(A) leaders have previously been observed in mRNAs of late genes. We noted a TAAATG motif near the initiation site of several other early genes, including the viral DNA polymerase, and carried out additional experiments to demonstrate that their early transcripts also have 5' poly(A) leaders. Thus, formation of the poly(A) leader is not exclusively a late function but apparently depends on sequences around the transcription initiation site.
“Lost sugars” — reality of their biological and medical applications (2012)

Abstract The glycan chains attached to cell surfaces or to single proteins are highly dynamic structures with various functions. The glycan chains of mammals and of some microorganisms often terminate in sialic acids or α-1,3-galactose. Although these two sugars are completely distinct, there are several similarities in their biological and medical importance. First, one type of sialic acid, N-glycolylneuraminic acid, and the galactose bound by an α-1,3-linkage to LacNAc, that forms an α-gal epitope, were both eliminated in human evolution, resulting in the production of antibodies to these sugars. Both of these evolutionary events have consequences connected with the consumption of foods of mammalian origin, causing medical complications of varying severity. In terms of ageing, sialic acids prevent the clearance of glycoproteins and circulating blood cells, whereas cryptic α-gal epitopes on senescent red blood cells contribute to their removal from circulation. The efficiency of therapeutic proteins can be increased by sialylation. Another common feature is the connection with microorganisms since sialic acids and α-gal epitopes serve as receptors on host cells and can also be expressed on the surfaces of some microorganisms. Whereas, the sialylation of IgG antibodies may help to treat inflammation, the expression of the α-gal epitope on microbial antigens increases the immunogenicity of the corresponding vaccines. Finally, sialic acids and the α-gal epitope have applications in cancer immunotherapy. N-glycolylneuraminic acid is a powerful target for cancer immunotherapy, and the α-gal epitope increases the efficiency of cancer vaccines. The final section of this article contains a brief overview of the methods for oligosaccharide chain synthesis and the characteristics of sialyltransferases and α-1,3-galactosyltransferase.
Design Support for Distributed Systems: DSE4DS (2002)

This paper reviews some of this work. The structure is as follows: section 2 discusses existing work relevant to the project aims; section 3 describes the UML based language we propose for the structural specification of distributed systems and their Quality of Service; section 4 discusses the use of Statecharts as a language for behavioural specification within our framework
Book Reviews (continued) (2006)

Chapter 1 in this construct outlines the remainder of the text and gives a 10,000-ft overview of the field of visualization. To further prepare one for the remainder of the text (and a career in the field), chapter 2 consists of an exquisitely well-done chapter covering the human perception of space (vision); chapter 3 covers haptics and the human sensory system. A historical discussion of 3-D visualization, including the use of a vanishing point and horizon in drawing and painting as well as the construction and use of the camera obscura and lucida, are all covered in the next section. Chapter 5 reminds us of traditional interaction mechanisms used in imaging, such as the lightpen, joystick, and mouse as well as the lesser-known implement the grafacon. The Fitts’ model (law) of the human motor system is introduced and described well in this chapter. Chapters 6‐8 comprise the “meat” of this text, describing depiction and interaction opportunities (including stereo pairs to virtual reality devices), Haptic devices (used for medical training, prototyping and design and chemistry), and use of the visual channel (an overview of methods for displays of information, including Pepper’s Ghost.) The final chapter, “Adopting a Creative Approach,” primarily discusses the use and usefulness of devices that might allow a two-handed interaction with the data (image) on display. The text concludes with a brief mention of the Chimenti Drawings, an early circa 1850 stereoscopic image pair, and a discussion of holographic images (appendixes 1 and 2.) This text is interesting and comprehensive. It could use a CD insert for many of the images presented; the gray-scale images in the text are generally too small and of too low a quality to be useful for teaching or study.
Demographic Prediction of Mobile User from Phone Usage (2012)

In this paper, we describe how we use the mobile phone usage of users to predict their demographic attributes. Using call log, visited GSM cells information, visited Bluetooth devices, visited Wireless LAN devices, accelerometer data, and so on, we predict the gender, age, marital status, job and number of people in household of users. The accuracy of developed classifiers for these classification problems ranges from 45-87% depending upon the particular classification problem.
A 10-b, 100-MS/s CMOS A/D converter (1997)

A new architecture for a CMOS A/D converter overcomes many of the known problems in the parallel operation of multiple pipelined stages. The input signal is sampled in one channel, and after quantization to 4 b, the residue is distributed into many channels. A prototype implemented in 1-/spl mu/m CMOS achieves 60 dB signal-to-noise plus distortion ratio (SNDR) at low conversion rates, with a resolution bandwidth of greater than 20 MHz. The SNDR drops by 3 dB at a 95 MHz conversion rate, and the bandwidth remains the same.