gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Das Paradox Ozon: Ozon ist ebenso ein starkes Oxidant wie ein Arzneimittel (2009)

Zusammenfassung: Nach funf Jahrzehnten, gekennzeichnet durch Empirie und einige Fallstricke, sind einige der grundlegenden Mechanismen der Tatigkeit des Ozons in der Lungentoxikologie und in der Medizin geklart. Das gegenwartige Wissen ermoglicht es zu erkennen, dass das langere Einatmen von Ozon sehr schadlich sein kann, in erster Linie fur die Lunge und danach fur den gesamten Organismus. Andererseits kann eine kleine Dosis Ozon, die gut gegen die vorhandene antioxidative Kapazitat von Blut kalibriert ist, mehrere nutzliche biochemische Mechanismen steuern und das antioxidative System reaktivieren. Genauer gesagt wirkt die Ozontherapieerstens ex vivo und zweitens wahrend der „Retransfusion“ des ozonisierten Blutes, bei der Blutzellen und das Endothel erreicht wird und „Ozonbotenstoffe“ auf Milliarden von Zellen ubertragen werden, wo sie den therapeutischen Effekt generieren. So konnen einzelne Ozondosen, trotz eines allgemeinen Vorurteils, therapeutisch bei ausgewahlten Erkrankungen des Menschen ohne irgendeine Toxizitat oder Nebenwirkungen benutzt werden. Daruber hinaus sind die Vielseitigkeit und die Amplitude der positiven Wirkungen von Ozonanwendungen in der Orthopadie, bei Hautund Schleimhautinfektionen als auch in der Zahnmedizin , sowie vieler anderer veroffentlichter Indikationen, offensichtlich geworden.
Analysis of undetected direct path in time of arrival based UWB indoor geolocation (2006)

Accurate indoor geolocation using time-of-arrival (TOA) is seriously challenged with the occurrence of undetected direct path (UDP) conditions caused by severe multipath in indoor areas. As a result, analysis of the occurrence of UDP in indoor areas is extremely important for design and performance evaluation of the emerging indoor geolocation systems. A UDP occurs when the received signal strength of the direct path (DP) between the transmitter and the receiver falls below the detection threshold of the receiver, but the total received signal power is still above the threshold. This paper provides a novel analysis for modeling the behavior of the DP and the total received power and uses the model to calculate the probability of UDP occurrence. To verify the accuracy of the analytical model, the results are compared with the empirical UWB measurements in typical indoor areas. the UDP conditions. There is nothing available in the literature to address this issue. The only available analysis is the results of empirical measurements reported in (4), in which occasional occurrence of UDP in a typical building using a system with a bandwidth of 200MHz is studied. In this paper based on the analysis of the total received signal power described in (5) and a novel analysis for calculation of the received signal in the direct path, we show that the occurrence of UDP is inevitable. In addition, using a partitioning technique, we determine the probability of occurrence of this condition in an indoor area. We validate the results of our analysis with the empirical UWB channel measurements with 3GHz bandwidth performed in a typical indoor office area. The structure of the sections of this paper is as follows: Section I introduces the importance of UDP in indoor geolocation. Section II is about the measurement system and scenario. Section III describes the concept of UDP and its different definitions. Section IV introduces a channel model that helps calculation of probability of UDP and compares the results of the model with the UWB channel measurements. Finally section V is the conclusion. II. THE CONCEPT AND DEFINITIONS OF UDP A. Existing reports of UDP
The Src Family Kinases Hck and Fgr Are Dispensable for Inside-Out, Chemoattractant-Induced Signaling Regulating β2 Integrin Affinity and Valency in Neutrophils, but Are Required for β2 Integrin-Mediated Outside-In Signaling Involved in Sustained Adhesion (2006)

Neutrophil beta(2) integrins are activated by inside-out signaling regulating integrin affinity and valency; following ligand binding, beta(2) integrins trigger outside-in signals regulating cell functions. Addressing inside-out and outside-in signaling in hck(-/-)fgr(-/-) neutrophils, we found that Hck and Fgr do not regulate chemoattractant-induced activation of beta(2) integrin affinity. In fact, beta(2) integrin-mediated rapid adhesion, in static condition assays, and neutrophil adhesion to glass capillary tubes cocoated with ICAM-1, P-selectin, and a chemoattractant, under flow, were unaffected in hck(-/-)fgr(-/-) neutrophils. Additionally, examination of integrin affinity by soluble ICAM-1 binding assays and of beta(2) integrin clustering on the cell surface, showed that integrin activation did not require Hck and Fgr expression. However, after binding, hck(-/-)fgr(-/-) neutrophil spreading over beta(2) integrin ligands was reduced and they rapidly detached from the adhesive surface. Whether alterations in outside-in signaling affect sustained adhesion to the vascular endothelium in vivo was addressed by examining neutrophil adhesiveness to inflamed muscle venules. Intravital microscopy analysis allowed us to conclude that Hck and Fgr regulate neither the number of rolling cells nor rolling velocity in neutrophils. However, arrest of hck(-/-)fgr(-/-) neutrophils to >60 microm in diameter venules was reduced. Thus, Hck and Fgr play no role in chemoattractant-induced inside-out beta(2) integrin activation but regulate outside-in signaling-dependent sustained adhesion.
Natural and man-made hazards: their increasing importance in the end-20th century world (1992)

This volume is based on a meeting devoted to the theme "Geo-Hazards—Natural and Man-Made" held at the Geological Society of London on 18th October 1989.
Copper-catalyzed radical 1,2-cyclization of indoles with arylsulfonyl hydrazides: access to 2-thiolated 3H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]indoles (2017)

A copper-catalyzed cascade radical 1,2-cyclization of indoles with arylsulfonyl hydrazides was developed, affording a series of 2-thiolated 3<italic>H</italic>-pyrrolo[1,2-<italic>a</italic>]indoles in moderate to excellent yields.
Patient-specific Scaffolds with a Biomimetic Gradient Environment for Articular Cartilage–Subchondral Bone Regeneration (2020)

Functional articular repair is known to be hampered by tissue degradation, which occurs in the defective local inflammatory environment that is also characterized by disrupted angiogenesis. The advanced fabrication of scaffolds with designed chemical and physical cues, which provide a biomimetic environment for tissue regeneration, holds considerable promise to circumvent the problem and thus allows functional articular repair. Herein, we developed scaffolds with controllable shapes with hydroxybutyl chitosan (HBC) and oxidized chondroitin sulfate (OCS) hydrogels, whose chemical composition was similar to that of the cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM). By optimizing the concentration of OCS, the functional cross-linker, we achieved a hydrogel promoting proliferation, adhesion, and ECM formation of chondrocytes and inhibiting tube formation of endothelial cells. Using a hydration procedure and bioactivation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), we obtained mesoporous silicate-doped calcium phosphate cement (MS/CPC) scaffolds with a bioactive surface similar to that of bones, with improved osteogenesis and vascularization properties. Personalized cartilage-subchondral repair scaffolds with stable combination were successfully fabricated based on the self-cross-linking properties of the Schiff-based HBC/OCS hydrogel and the macroporous structure of MS/CPC scaffolds with the aid of a 3D printing technique. This study proposes a strategy to design individualized tissue repair biomimetic gradient scaffolds. Further assessments of their osteochondral defect repair properties <i>in vivo</i> should be performed.
Efficacy and Safety of a Flaxseed Hull Extract in the Symptomatic Management of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Parallel, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Pilot Study (2014)

This exploratory study was designed to assess the effectiveness of a lignan-rich extract of flaxseed hulls (LinumLife EXTRA(®)) in alleviating symptoms in subjects with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) compared with placebo. Two dosages of extract were compared against placebo in a double-blinded, randomized, parallel, multicenter study. Newly diagnosed cases of BPH in patients aged 45-75 years with an American Urological Association Symptom Index (AUASI) score of ≥13 were included. Study treatment consisted of 500 or 1000 mg of extract containing 100 mg (low-dose active [LDA] group, n=26) or 200 mg (high-dose active [HDA] group, n=26) of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG), respectively. The placebo (P) group (n=28) received matching maltodextrin capsules. Sixty subjects (LDA [n=19], HDA [n=20], and P [n=21]) completed the study as per the protocol requirements. Change in the AUASI score within a period of 8 weeks, from baseline to end of treatment, was assessed. Significant improvement of obstructive symptoms and management of irritable BPH symptoms was achieved in all groups after treatment. Due to a strong placebo effect, there was no statistical difference between the groups that were treated with flaxseed hull extract as compared with the placebo group. Treatment with flaxseed hull extract did not lead to adverse effects compared with placebo. Supplementation with flaxseed hull extract was found to be safe and well-tolerated and may have improved the quality of life of individuals with BPH. The significant placebo effect as well as the number of subjects per treatment group and the relative short duration of the study may explain the lack of statistical significance between groups.
Efficient context-sensitive word completion for mobile devices (2008)

Word completion is a basic technology for reducing the effort involved in text entry on mobile devices and in augmentative communication devices, where efficiency and ease of use are needed, but where a low memory footprint is also required. Standard solutions compress a lexicon into a suffix tree with a small memory footprint and high retrieval speed. Keystroke savings, a measurable correlate of text entry effort gain, typically improve when the algorithm would also take into account the previous word; however, this comes at the cost of a large footprint. We develop two word completion algorithms that encode the previous word in the input. The first algorithm utilizes a character buffer that includes a fixed number of recent keystrokes, including those belonging to previous words. The second algorithm includes the complete previous word as an extra input feature. In simulation studies, the first algorithm yields marked improvements in keystroke savings, but has a large memory footprint. The second algorithm can be tuned by frequency thresholding to have a small footprint, and be less than one order of magnitude slower than the baseline system, while its keystroke savings improve over the baseline.
Data from Genomic Aberrations and Late Recurrence in Postmenopausal Women with Hormone Receptor–positive Early Breast Cancer: Results from the SOLE Trial (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;Women with hormone receptor–positive early breast cancers have a persistent risk of relapse and biomarkers for late recurrence are needed. We sought to identify tumor genomic aberrations associated with increased late-recurrence risk.&lt;/p&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;p&gt;In a secondary analysis of Study of Letrozole Extension trial, a case-cohort–like sampling selected 598 primary breast cancers for targeted next-generation sequencing analysis of gene mutations and copy-number gains (CNGs). Correlations of genomic aberrations with clinicopathologic factors and breast and distant recurrence-free intervals (BCFIs and DRFIs) were analyzed using weighted Cox models.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;Analysis of mutations and CNGs was successfully performed for 403 and 350 samples, including 148 and 134 patients with breast cancer recurrences (median follow-up time, 5.2 years), respectively. The most frequent alterations were &lt;i&gt;PIK3CA&lt;/i&gt; mutations (42%) and CNGs of &lt;i&gt;CCND1&lt;/i&gt; (15%), &lt;i&gt;ERBB2&lt;/i&gt; (10%), &lt;i&gt;FGFR1&lt;/i&gt; (8%), and &lt;i&gt;MYC&lt;/i&gt; (8%). &lt;i&gt;PIK3CA&lt;/i&gt; mutations and &lt;i&gt;MYC&lt;/i&gt; CNGs were associated with lower (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.03) and higher (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.004) tumor grade, respectively; a higher Ki-67 was seen in tumor with &lt;i&gt;CCND1, ERBB2&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;MYC&lt;/i&gt; CNGs (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.01, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001, and &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.03, respectively). &lt;i&gt;FGFR1&lt;/i&gt; CNG was associated with an increased risk of late events in univariate analyses [17/29 patients; BCFI: HR, 3.2; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.48–6.92; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.003 and DRFI: HR, 3.5; 95% CI, 1.61–7.75; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.002) and in multivariable models adjusted for clinicopathologic factors.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;Postmenopausal women with hormone receptor–positive early breast cancer harboring &lt;i&gt;FGFR1&lt;/i&gt; CNG had an increased risk of late recurrence despite extended therapy. &lt;i&gt;FGFR1&lt;/i&gt; CNG may represent a useful prognostic biomarker for late recurrence and a therapeutic target.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
7 Aging Processes in Caenorhabditis elegans (2008)

Determining the underlying molecular mechanisms of aging has been the focus of many research studies during the past three decades. At the center of this research are findings derived from the nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans . From the original identification of a single mutation that can lengthen life span, through the finding that the insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) signaling (IIS) pathway specifies processes affecting life span, C. elegans has provided the basis and initial observations for much of what we currently understand about molecular mechanisms of aging. C. ELEGANS AS A SYSTEM FOR ANALYSIS OF AGING Studies on C. elegans initially began in 1974 with the genetic map initiated by Sydney Brenner (Brenner 1974). Since then, many seminal findings on biological function have been first shown in C. elegans , including the initial dissection of programmed cell death (Ellis et al. 1991), the systematic cloning of the genome (Coulson et al. 1986), and the deciphering of the entire DNA sequence ( C. elegans Consortium 1998). C. elegans represents a relative newcomer among genetic systems used in aging studies, with few publications prior to 1982 (Epstein et al. 1974). Despite the slow start, C. elegans has emerged as a system of choice for aging research, in part because this system allows the use of extensions in life span in detecting genetic mutations. Thus far, such genetic dissection of the C. elegans aging process has identified about 200 or more genes that exhibit life span as a result of hypomorphic (reduced function) mutations. Additionally, during the...
Implementation of automated testing system for android applications based on dynamic taint propagation (2014)

As the increasing downloads of applications via Android Platform, more and more malicious codes were injected in those applications. And some problems are caused by that malicious code such as economic loss and privacy issues. Android has the highest market share of smartphone operating system, the security of Android platform is extremely important. Therefore, the security testing and evaluation of applications is imperative. Dynamic taint propagation is the most common method to do the test, but there are two problems: a) If the custom ROM runs in the smartphone, the running speed of ROM will be limited to the smartphone's battery life and computing power. b) If the program was running in emulator in PC, the efficiency will be very poor because of the manual operation for the triggering action during the running time. The paper presents an automated testing method which was accomplished in emulator. In addition, the system will record the tree structure of Activity and control distribution of each Activity. The test results showed that the system can trigger all the controls and compared with manual test, this method was proven to be more effective and completely.
Hydroxylation reactions induced by near-ultraviolet photolysis of aqueous titanium dioxide suspensions (1984)

Aqueous suspensions of titanium dioxide (anatase) containing benzoic acid or sodium benzoate have been illuminated with near-ultraviolet light under a variety of experimental conditions. In the presence of oxygen, o-, m- and p-hydroxybenzoic acids are formed in the same isomeric distribution found for OH-radical attack on benzoic acid. When OH-radical scavengers are present the yield of o-hydroxybenzoic acid is depressed. Ratios of rate constants evaluated on the basis of competition kinetics for the OH radical are in agreement with published rate constants. In the absence of oxygen the yield of the hydroxy compound is quite low, but high yields can be restored by the addition of iron(III). In oxygenated slurries, peroxides are formed in initial yield equivalent to about half the yield of total hydroxybenzoic acids. The addition of hydrogen peroxide to the slurries makes no significant difference to the yield of o-hydroxybenzoate. The results are consistent with the generation of OH radicals via the positive holes of the TiO2 particles, followed by OH-radical attack on the aromatic ring and subsequent oxidation of the hydroxy adduct with oxygen or iron(III) to give the corresponding phenol.
NACA and LRP6 Are Part of a Common Genetic Pathway Necessary for Full Anabolic Response to Intermittent PTH (2022)

PTH induces phosphorylation of the transcriptional coregulator NACA on serine 99 through Gαs and PKA. This leads to nuclear translocation of NACA and expression of the target gene <i>Lrp6</i>, encoding a coreceptor of the PTH receptor (PTH1R) necessary for full anabolic response to intermittent PTH (iPTH) treatment. We hypothesized that maintaining enough functional PTH1R/LRP6 coreceptor complexes at the plasma membrane through NACA-dependent <i>Lrp6</i> transcription is important to ensure maximal response to iPTH. To test this model, we generated compound heterozygous mice in which one allele each of <i>Naca</i> and <i>Lrp6</i> is inactivated in osteoblasts and osteocytes, using a knock-in strain with a <i>Naca</i><sup>99</sup> Ser-to-Ala mutation and an <i>Lrp6</i> floxed strain (test genotype: <i>Naca</i><sup>99S/A</sup>; <i>Lrp6</i><sup>+/fl</sup>;OCN-Cre). Four-month-old females were injected with vehicle or 100 μg/kg PTH(1-34) once daily, 5 days a week for 4 weeks. Control mice showed significant increases in vertebral trabecular bone mass and biomechanical properties that were abolished in compound heterozygotes. <i>Lrp6</i> expression was reduced in compound heterozygotes vs. controls. The iPTH treatment increased <i>Alpl</i> and <i>Col1a1</i> mRNA levels in the control but not in the test group. These results confirm that NACA and LRP6 form part of a common genetic pathway that is necessary for the full anabolic effect of iPTH.
Arnol′d Diffusion in a Pendulum Lattice (2014)

The main model studied in this paper is a lattice of pendula with a nearest‐neighbor coupling. If the coupling is weak, then the system is near‐integrable and KAM tori fill most of the phase space. For all KAM trajectories the energy of each pendulum stays within a narrow band for all time. Still, we show that for an arbitrarily weak coupling of a certain localized type, the neighboring pendula can exchange energy. In fact, the energy can be transferred between the pendula in any prescribed way. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Coal-oil mixture combustion program: injection into a blast furnace (1982)

A chemically stabilized coal-oil mixture (COM) was made and used as an auxiliary fuel in a blast furnace for 44 days. Approximately 485,000 gallons of COM were produced at an on-site COM plant. Composition was 47.9% coal, 47.6% No. 6 oil, 4.0% water, and 0.5% emulsifier. Average injection rates were 3.8 to 13.0 gpm during different periods of the trial. Coal handling equipment, mixing and processing equipment, pumps, piping, fuel lances, and instrumentation are discussed. The blast furnace performance during the trial is compared to a Base Period of injecting No. 6 oil. Blast furnace performance was satisfactory, with one pound of COM replacing one pound of coke or 0.8 pound of No. 6 oil. The production of COM and its usage in a blast furnace is economical and feasible.
Response (1965)

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Designing the market game for a trading agent competition (2001)

The authors discuss the design and operation of a trading agent competition, focusing on the game structure and some of the key technical issues in running and playing the game. They also describe the competition's genesis, its technical infrastructure, and its organization. The article by A. Greenwald and P. Stone (2001), describes the competition from a participant's perspective and describes the strategies of some of the top-placing agents. A visualization of the competition and a description of the preliminary and final rounds of the TAC are available in IC Online (http://computer.org/internet/tac.htm).
Surround: The Current Technological Situation (2001)

With the Audio Engineering Society's annual conference for 2000 entitled “Surrounded by Sound,” and the SATIS conference in Paris majoring on ‘Surround,’ it is clear that ‘Surround’ is becoming the “next big thing.” In spite of all the activity, however, the answers to many questions are unclear. What is “surround sound?” How do you record it? How do you play it back? And where is it heading in the market? In this paper I offer some personal answers to these questions.
Acuerdo: Fast Atomic Broadcast over RDMA (2022)

Atomic broadcast protocols ensure that messages are delivered to a group of machines in some total order, even when some of these machines can fail. These protocols are key to making distributed services fault-tolerant, as their total order guarantee allows keeping multiple service replicas in sync. But, unfortunately, atomic broadcast protocols are also notoriously expensive.
Study of elastolytic activity Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermis in acne vulgaris and in normal skin (1976)

Histopathological sections of anetoderma-like scars from 10 patients with acne vulgaris showed a selective absence of elastic fibers around pilosebaceous follicles. This finding is similar to the histologic changes of "perifollicular elastolysis" reported by Varadi. Bacteria isolated by anaerobic and aerobic cultures of swabs of the skin surface and pus of these 10 patients, 12 others with active acne vulgaris and 8 normal subjects were studied with particular attention to Staphylococcus epidermis and Propionibacterium acnes. These organisms were analysed for production of an elastolytic enzyme which might play a role in the observed selective loss of elastic fibers. No elastolytic activity was produced by S. epidermidis or P. acnes isolated from any of these individuals. Thus, we cannot attribute the perifollicular loss of elastic fibers in acne scarring to an elastase produced by organisms. The observed absence of elastic fibers might result from tissue necrosis produced by leukocytes during the inflammatory phase, followed by collagenous scar formation without regeneration of elastic fibers.