gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exciplex Intermediates in Photoinduced Electron Transfer of Porphyrin−Fullerene Dyads (2002)

The photoinduced electron transfer in differently linked zinc porphyrin-fullerene dyads and their free-base porphyrin analogues was studied in polar and nonpolar solvents with femto- to nanosecond absorption and emission spectroscopies. A new intermediate state, different from the locally excited (LE) chromophores and the complete charge-separated (CCS) state, was observed. It was identified as an exciplex. The exciplex preceded the CCS state in polar benzonitrile and the excited singlet state of fullerene in nonpolar toluene. The behavior of the dyads was modeled by using a common kinetic scheme involving equilibria between the exciplex and LE chromophores. The scheme is suitable for all the studied porphyrin-fullerene compounds. The rates of reaction steps depended on the type of linkage between the moieties. The scheme and Marcus theory were applied to calculate electronic couplings for sequential reactions, and consistent results were obtained.
Induction of proliferation of neuroretina cells by long terminal repeat activation of the carboxy-terminal part of c-mil. (1987)

Expression of the P100gag-mil protein of avian retrovirus MH2 in cultured chicken embryo neuroretina cells was previously shown to result in the proliferation of normally quiescent cell populations. We show here that long terminal repeat activation of the carboxy terminus of the c-mil gene is sufficient to induce neuroretina cell proliferation.
Entropy based Anomaly Detection System to Prevent DDoS Attacks in Cloud (2013)

Cloud Computing is a recent computing model; provides consistent access to wide area distributed resources. It revolutionized the IT world with its services provision infrastructure, less maintenance cost, data and service availability assurance, rapid accessibility and scalability. Grid and Cloud Computing Intrusion Detection System (GCCIDS) detects encrypted node communication and find the hidden attack trial which inspects and detects those attacks that network based and host based can't identify. It incorporates Knowledge and behavior analysis to identify specific intrusions. Signature based IDS monitor the packets in the network and identifies those threats by matching with database but It fails to detect those attacks that are not included in database. Signature based IDS will perform poor capturing in large volume of anomalies. Another problem is that Cloud Service Provider (CSP) hides the attack that is caused by intruder, due to distributed nature; cloud environment has high possibility for vulnerable resources. By impersonating legitimate users, the intruders can use a service's abundant resources maliciously. In Proposed System we combine few concepts which are available with new intrusion detection techniques. Here to merge Entropy based System with Anomaly detection System for providing multilevel Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS). This is done in two steps: First, Users are allowed to pass through router in network site in that it incorporates Detection Algorithm and detects for legitimate user. Second, again it pass through router placed in cloud site in that it incorporates confirmation Algorithm and checks for threshold value, if it's beyond the threshold value it considered as legitimate user, else it's an intruder found in environment. This System is represented and maintained by as third party. When attack happens in environment, it sends notification message for client and advisory report to Cloud Service Provider (CSP).
Development of Novel Bevel Profile for Wafer-Level Stacking Technology (2021)

A novel bevel profile suited for wafer-level stacking technology with ultra-thinning was studied. Wafer thinning by grinding induces cracking at the wafer edge, and the occurrence of cracks increases significantly when the bevel angle is smaller than 50°. In consideration of wafer handling and ultra-thinning for device manufacturing, we propose a profile with a two-step bevel angle to reduce surface loss of the wafer.
Semiconductor Nanowires for Artificial Photosynthesis (2013)

In this Perspective, we discuss current challenges in artificial photosynthesis research, with a focus on the benefits of a nanowire morphology. Matching the flux between electrocatalysts and light-absorbers, and between individual semiconducting light-absorbers, are two major issues to design economically viable devices for artificial photosynthesis. With the knowledge that natural photosynthesis is an integrated nanosystem, individual building blocks of biomimetic artificial photosynthesis are discussed. Possible research directions are presented under an integrated device design scheme, with examples of our current progress in these areas. Coupling all of the components together, including electrocatalysts, light-absorbers, and charge transport units, is crucial due to both fundamental and practical considerations. Given the advantages of one-dimensional nanostructures, it is evident that semiconductor nanowires can function as essential building blocks and help to solve many of the issues in artificial photosynthesis.
Cytolysin A (ClyA): A Bacterial Virulence Factor with Potential Applications in Nanopore Technology, Vaccine Development, and Tumor Therapy (2022)

Cytolysin A (ClyA) is a pore-forming toxin that is produced by some bacteria from the <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> family. This review provides an overview of the current state of knowledge regarding ClyA, including the prevalence of the encoding gene and its transcriptional regulation, the secretion pathway used by the protein, and the mechanism of protein assembly, and highlights potential applications of ClyA in biotechnology. ClyA expression is regulated at the transcriptional level, primarily in response to environmental stressors, and ClyA can exist stably both as a soluble monomer and as an oligomeric membrane complex. At high concentrations, ClyA induces cytolysis, whereas at low concentrations ClyA can affect intracellular signaling. ClyA is secreted in outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), which has important implications for biotechnology applications. For example, the native pore-forming ability of ClyA suggests that it could be used as a component of nanopore-based technologies, such as sequencing platforms. ClyA has also been exploited in vaccine development owing to its ability to present antigens on the OMV surface and provoke a robust immune response. In addition, ClyA alone or OMVs carrying ClyA fusion proteins have been investigated for their potential use as anti-tumor agents.
Effects of rotational atherectomy in normal canine coronary and diseased human cadaveric arteries: Potential for plaque removal from distal, tortuous, and diffusely diseased vessels (1991)

To test the hypothesis that tortuous, diseased vessels could be successfully treated with a flexible rotational atherectomy device we evaluated the BARD atherectomy device with quantitative angiography and histology in normal canine coronary arteries and diseased human below-knee amputation specimens. The mid left anterior descending and the circumflex vessels were treated in 4 dogs serially with 1 wk separating treatments. The acute and follow-up anterior descending artery size was unchanged (1.41 mm before, 1.39 mm after, and 1.59 mm at 1 week). Similar findings were obtained in the circumflex vessels. In 4 adult human amputated legs, diseased peroneal or tibial arteries were treated with a significant reduction in the percent luminal diameter stenosis from 62.75 prior to intervention to 36.5 following intervention (p = 0.021). The luminal diameter increased from 0.81 to 1.54 mm (p = 0.06). In 2 canine arteries there was histologic evidence of localized perforation of the arterial wall, but there was no angiographic evidence of perforation or dissection and no significant myocardial necrosis in the distribution of the treated vessels at 1 wk. The majority of the diseased human vessels demonstrated smoothly cut atheromas with sparing of the media. The rotational atherectomy catheter system holds promise for removal of plaque in relatively small, diffusely diseased, tortuous vessels.
Preface (1998)

How are organic synthesis, X-ray analysis, photo-excitation, alkaloids, catecholamines, frog venoms, protein cleavage, DNA-breakdown, metabolic enzymes, receptors, ion channels and the Black Forest near Freiburg related?The answer is through Dr. Bernhard Witkop.He is an creative and insightful investigator and mentor who has greatly extended the scope of organic chemical approaches to the fascinating frontier of biological and medical sciences."Both medical chemistry as well as biochemistry have their roots and origin in organic chemistry.Chemists, who were pioneers and torch-bearers that come to our mind in this respect, are Emil Fischer (1852-lYlY), and Heinrich Wieland (1877-1957
[Asia: avian influenza H5N1]. (2008)

The emergence of the first human cases of avian influenza in Hong Kong in 1997 has raised fears of a new pandemic originating from the Asian continent. Despite unprecedented international mobilization, first to stop then to limit its diffusion, the highly pathogenic avian virus A/H5N1 has successfully spread in Asia, Europe and Africa by successive epizootic outbreaks affecting migratory birds and poultry, Transmission from animals to humans is uncommon but severe with a fatality rate exceeding 60% in confirmed cases. Nearly half of the countries struck by the disease is in Asia. With 87% of confirmed cases and 91% of deaths, Asia is also one of the continent most heavily affected. Like the neighbouring countries in South-East Asia, Cambodia has been repeatedly hit by avian flu in the recent years. The measures implemented to prevent the spread of A/H5N1 virus in farms, to improve the behaviour of farmers and to clean up the poultry markets emphasize the multiple difficulties to control this zoonosis. Meanwhile, influenza surveillance is being carried out in humans, based on a reporting system and a network of sentinel hospitals connected to the Institut Pasteur du Cambodge. Thus, Cambodia takes an active part in the wide international network which should quickly detect any mutational event among avian flu viruses that might lead to the emergence of a pandemic.
Preparation of 4-hxdroxysemicarbazide NSAID derivatives (2011)

4-Hidroksisemikarbazidi u svojoj strukturi sadrže hidroksiureidnu, semikarbazidnu i hidroksamsku skupinu. Zbog slicnosti s hidroksamskim kiselinama i hidroksiureama može se ocekivati i slicno farmakolosko djelovanje, prije svega antivirusno, antitumorsko i protuupalno djelovanje [1]. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je pripraviti 4-hidroksisemikarbazidne derivate nekih nesteroidnih protuupalnih lijekova (NSAID: fenoprofena, ibuprofena i derivata ketoprofena) te ispitati njihovo farmakolosko djelovanje. Ishodne supstancije za njihovu sintezu su NSAID benzotriazolidi 1a-c pripravljeni prema prethodno opisanom postupku [2, 3]. Benzotriazolidi 1 u reakcijama s hidrazinom daju odgovarajuce hidrazide 2a-c. Dobiveni hidrazidi daljnom supstitucijom s 1-(Nbenziloksikarbamoil) benzotriazolom (3) daju O-benzilhidroksisemikarbazide 4a-c koji hidrogeniranjem daju 4-hidroksisemikarbazide 6a-c. Strukture dobivenih spojeva potvrđene su IR, 1H i 13C NMR spektroskopijom. Ispitivanja farmakoloskog djelovanja su u tijeku.
Applications of immunohistochemistry (2012)

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is an important application of monoclonal as well as polyclonal antibodies to determine the tissue distribution of an antigen of interest in health and disease. IHC is widely used for diagnosis of cancers; specific tumor antigens are expressed de novo or up-regulated in certain cancers. This article deals with the various applications of IHC in diagnosis of diseases, with IHC playing an important role in diagnostic and research laboratories.
Inter-row hoeing for weed control in organic spring cereals (2018)

New camera technology capable of detecting crop rows now makes it possible to employ selective weed control in spring cereals. Cereals are normally grown at 125 mm inter-row spacing but even moderate extension of the spacing can make enough room for automatically steered inter-row hoeing; the technology is being employed on an increasing number of organic farms. However, intra-row weeds, i.e. those growing in the crop lines, are not controlled and increasing the inter-row spacing to ≥ 250 mm may cause a yield penalty. The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction between inter-row cultivation, inter-row spacing and nitrogen rate on weed and crop growth. Results encompass four years field experimentation with spring barley and spring wheat including studies on optimal hoe blade configurations for hoeing at narrow inter-row spacing. Weeding effectiveness was generally greater in barley than in wheat but with minor differences between the inter-row spacing studied (125-150-200-250-300 mm). Maintaining the seed rate when increasing inter-row spacing was important for preserving crop yields and in most cases wide inter-row spacing (300 mm) did not yield less than the other spacing. Nitrogen rate only affected crop yields. The traditional ‘Ducksfoot’ blade was not optimal for inter-row hoeing at small row spacing due to excessive side wards soil movement covering the crop leaves. Two new hoe blade designs performed better in this regard and especially the one design was very stable during operation. Inter-row hoeing for spring cereals is particular promising for weed control at high weed infestation levels, and where many erect and tap-rooted weed species are present.
Force–velocity characteristics of upper limb extension during maximal wheelchair sprinting performed by healthy able-bodied females (2003)

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between force and velocity parameters during a specific multi-articular upper limb movement--namely, hand rim propulsion on a wheelchair ergometer. Seventeen healthy able-bodied females performed nine maximal sprints of 8 s duration with friction torques varying from 0 to 4 N x m. The wheelchair ergometer system allows measurement of forces exerted on the wheels and linear velocity of the wheel at 100 Hz. These data were averaged for the duration of each arm cycle. Peak force and the corresponding maximal velocity were determined during three consecutive arm cycles for each sprint condition. Individual force-velocity relationships were established for peak force and velocity using data for the nine sprints. In line with the results of previous studies on leg cycling or arm cranking, the force-velocity relationship was linear in all participants (r = -0.798 to -0.983, P < 0.01). The maximal power output (mean 1.28 W x kg(-1)) and the corresponding optimal velocity (1.49 m x s(-1)) and optimal force (52.3 N) calculated from the individual force-velocity regression were comparable with values reported in the literature during 20 or 30 s wheelchair sprints, but lower than those obtained during maximal arm cranking. A positive linear relationship (r = 0.678, P < 0.01) was found between maximal power and optimal velocity. Our findings suggest that although absolute values of force, velocity and power depend on the type of movement, the force-velocity relationship obtained in multi-articular limb action is similar to that obtained in wheelchair locomotion, cycling and arm cranking.
A toolbox for validation of mass spectrometry peptides identification and generation of database: IRMa (2009)

http://biodev.extra.cea.fr/docs/irma (java 1.5 or higher needed).
Medical Expulsive Therapy as an Adjunct to Improve Shockwave Lithotripsy Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2009)

MET post-SWL results in a significant increase in successful treatment outcomes. Further powered, randomized studies are encouraged.
The Change of Practice Patterns of the Hereditary Breast Cancer Management in Korea after the Korean Hereditary Breast Cancer Study (2010)

Purpose:The objective of this study was to evaluate the change in the practice patterns for managing hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) among Korean physicians after the Korean Hereditary Breast Cancer (KOHBRA) study.Methods: The first survey was performed from July to August 2007, at the initiation of the KOHBRA study, and the followup survey was conducted from July to December 2009.Members of the Korean Breast Cancer Society were invited to participate in the study by e-mail.The 2009 survey was conducted with a self-administered questionnaire concerning HBOC management and was identical to the previous questionnaire.Results: According to the 2009 survey, most physicians (60.0%) tended to draw a pedigree (48.0% in 2007 survey).The rate of genetic test recommendations for patients at risk for HBOC was higher in the 2009 survey (84.0%) than that in the 2007 survey (64.0%).Physicians tended to select a BRCA genetic testing candidate more appropriately than in the previous survey (42.4% answered right in 2007 survey; 74.4% in 2009 survey).Fifteen of 25 participants (60.0%) provided genetic counseling before their patients underwent a genetic test, which was higher than that (40.0%) in the 2007 survey.According to the 2009 survey, half of the genetic counseling was being conducted by KOHBRA study research nurses; whereas most of the genetic counseling was conducted by physicians in 2007.
Thermal Transient Modeling and Experimental Validation in the European Project PROFIT (2004)

A major objective of the European project PROFIT is to generate boundary condition independent (BCI) dynamic compact thermal models (DCTM) of semiconductor products. Extending the methods for steady BCI-CTM developed in preceding projects DELPHI and SEED to the transient domain, a detailed numerical model of the component is needed, which is validated against four dual cold plate (DCP) experiments extracting heat along the main heat flow paths from a package. The validated detailed model is then used for numerical experiments in many environments represented by external BC. Results are used to optimize resistors and capacitors of a small network forming the DCTM. This work is focused on the first part of developing validated detailed dynamic models by comparison of modeling and measurements. Results of the European project PROFIT on thermal transient measurement and modeling of integrated circuit packages are presented. All together sixteen different packages from the three Semiconductor Manufacturers Infineon, Philips, and ST Microelectronics were measured in four DCP environments as defined in the preceding DELPHI and SEED projects. Solutions to measure TO-type and fine pitch packages in the DCP, especially for the critical DCP-4 boundary condition were demonstrated, as well as reduction of interface resistance and increased reproducibility by using Wood's alloy as an interface material. The measurements were simulated using the commercial software packages ANSYS, FLOTHERM, or MARC. The agreement between simulated and measured thermal impedance is 15% or better from steady state (t=1000 s) to transients with t>0.1, i.e., four orders of magnitude. In a few cases, this level of accuracy was kept even over seven orders of magnitude. Increasing relative inaccuracy with shorter transients corresponds to small absolute errors in temperature. So practical pulse temperature prediction will usually be correct within a few degrees. Extraction of geometrical and material parameters will need further improvement.
Probabilistic alignment of motifs with sequences (2002)

An implementation of the motif alignment, refining and bootstrapping is available for public use online at http://www.expasy.org/tools/patoseq/
Preparation and Some Reactions of Selenium and Tellurium Bis(dithiocarboxylates) (1985)

Abstract A number of selenium‐ 2 and tellurium bis(dithiocarboxylates) 3 have been prepared by the reaction of piperidinium or sodium dithiocarboxylates 1 with sodium seleno‐ and telluropentathionates. The orange or red products are stable towards heat and moisture. It was found that 2 and 3 react with halogens and N ‐chloro‐ and N ‐bromosuccinimide to give the corresponding haloselenium‐ 4 , 5 and halotellurium dithiocarboxylates 6 – 8 in good yields. The n →π* transitions of the thiocarbonyl groups in 2 – 8 are observed in a region of shorter wavelengths (hypsochromic shift) than those of the corresponding bis(thioacyl) trisulfides and dithio‐ and thioneselenol esters.
Effect of empagliflozin monotherapy on postprandial glucose and 24-hour glucose variability in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 4-week study (2015)

Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01947855.
entation of haptoglobin production in HepSB cell Sine by a mclear factor NF-II.6 (1991)

The nuclear factor N&IL6 had been suggested to be responsible for the IL-6-mediated induction of several acute-phase proteins. To obtain evidence for the involvement of NF-IL6 in the induction of acute-phase proteins, we introduced the NF-IL6 gene and its truncated mutant (delNFIL6) gene into a hepatoma cell line Hep3B. Then, we examined the effect of the overproduced NF-IL6 and delNFIL6 on the expression of haptoglobin, fibrinogen and albumin. As a result. basal production as well as induction OF haptoglobin by IL-6 were augmented by the expression of NF-IL6, whereas delNFI1~6 blocked the production of haptoglobin, fibrinogen and albumin.
Adsorption-Controlled Growth of BiFeO3 by MBE and Integration with Wide Band Gap Semiconductors (2009)

BiFeO3 thin films have been deposited on (001) SrTiO3, (101) DyScO3, (011) DyScO3, (0001) AlGaN/GaN, and (0001) 6H-SiC single crystal substrates by reactive molecular beam epitaxy in an adsorption-controlled growth regime. This is achieved by supplying a bismuth over-pressure and utilizing the differential vapor pressures between bismuth oxides and BiFeO3 to control stoichiometry in accordance with thermodynamic calculations. Four-circle x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy reveal phase-pure, epitaxial films with rocking curve full width at half maximum values as narrow as 7.2 arc seconds (0.002 degrees). Epitaxial growth of (0001)-oriented BiFeO3 thin films on (0001) GaN, including AlGaN HEMT structures, and (0001) SiC has been realized using intervening epitaxial (111) SrTiO3 / (100) TiO2 buffer layers. The epitaxial BiFeO3 thin films have 2 in-plane orientations: [1120] BiFeO3 || [1120] GaN (SiC) plus a twin variant related by a 180 degrees in-plane rotation. This epitaxial integration of the ferroelectric with the highest known polarization, BiFeO3, with high bandgap semiconductors is an important step toward novel field-effect devices.
InN/In nanocomposites: Evidences of plasmonic effects and hidden gap (2008)

InN/In nanocomposites with periodical In inclusions amounting up to 30% of the total volume exhibit bright emission near 0.7 eV explicitly associated with In clusters. Its energy and intensity depend on the In amount. The principal absorption edge in the semiconductor host, as given by a photovoltaic response, is markedly higher than the onset of thermally detected absorption. These findings, being strongly suggestive of plasmon-dominated emission and absorption, are discussed in terms of electromagnetic enhancement taking into account the In parallel-band transitions.