gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous recovery of a source term and an isotropic initial condition for radiative transport (2013)

In this paper, we investigate the simultaneous recovery of a source of the form $\sigma(t,x,\theta) f(x)$ (with $\sigma$? known) and an isotropic initial condition $u_{0}(x)$, using the single measurement induced by these data. This result is part of an effort to reconstruct optical properties using unknown illumination embedded in the unknown medium. 
More precisely, based on exact boundary controllability, we derive a system of equations for the unknown terms $f$ and $u_{0}$. The system is shown to be of Fredholm type if $\sigma$ satisfies certain positivity condition. This condition is physically meaningful when $\sigma$ is interpreted as an illumination field, and it simply requires that the incident particles visit the region over which $f$ is to be recovered. We show that for generic term $\sigma$ and weakly absorbing media, the inverse problem is uniquely solvable with a stability estimate.
Triplet Excitation Energy Dynamics in Metal–Organic Frameworks (2013)

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are appealing candidates for use in energy harvesting and concentrating because of their high chromophore density and structural tunability. The ability to engineer electronic excitation energy transport pathways is of particular interest for designing energy harvesting materials. In this study, theoretical analysis was performed on energy transfer in MOFs that contain light absorbing ruthenium complexes that serve as hopping intermediates for energy transfer kinetics and energy trapping osmium complexes. We find that the excitation transport kinetics is well described by a Dexter (exchange) triplet-to-triplet energy transfer mechanism with multistep incoherent exciton hopping. The modeling combines ab initio electronic structure theory with kinetic network analysis. The sensitivity of Dexter mechanism energy transfer to framework structure establishes different kinds of energy transport paths in the different structures. For example, the mixed Ru/Os MOF structures described here establish one or three-dimensional hopping networks. As such, Dexter mechanism energy harvesting materials may be amenable to designing structures that can spatially direct exciton energy along specific pathways for energy delivery to reaction centers.
Particulate–Droplet Coalescence and Self-Transport on Superhydrophobic Surfaces (2022)

Particulate transport from surfaces governs a variety of phenomena including fungal spore dispersal, bioaerosol transmission, and self-cleaning. Here, we report a previously unidentified mechanism governing passive particulate removal from superhydrophobic surfaces, where a particle coalescing with a water droplet (∼10 to ∼100 μm) spontaneously launches. Compared to previously discovered coalescence-induced binary droplet jumping, the reported mechanism represents a more general capillary-inertial dominated transport mode coupled with particle/droplet properties and is typically mediated by rotation in addition to translation. Through wetting and momentum analyses, we show that transport physics depends on particle/droplet density, size, and wettability. The observed mechanism presents a simple and passive pathway to achieve self-cleaning on both artificial as well as biological materials as confirmed here with experiments conducted on butterfly wings, cicada wings, and clover leaves. Our findings provide insights into particle-droplet interaction and spontaneous particulate transport, which may facilitate the development of functional surfaces for medical, optical, thermal, and energy applications.
[RNA interference of HERC4 inhibits proliferation, apoptosis and migration of cervical cancer Hela cells]. (2016)

Silencing of HERC4 efficiently inhibits the proliferation, migration, and invasion of Hela cells in vitro, and the underlying mechanisms may involve the down-regulation of cyclin D1 and Bcl-2.
Crystallization Behavior and Microstructure of Hydrothermally Treated Monodispersed Titanium Dioxide Particles (1994)

Spherical amorphous monodispersed titanium dioxide particles were synthesized by hydrolysis of titanium-tetra-ethoxide (Ti(OC2H5)4) in dilute ethanol solution and were hydrothermally treated using an autoclave. The amorphous monodispersed titanium dioxide particle were crystallized and many nano-sized particles of anatase single crystal produced in the particle by the hydrothermal treatment. The internal microstructure of the hydrothermally treated monodispersed titanium dioxide particle was homogeneous. The growth mechanism of the nano-sized anatase single crystal particles was discussed and a dissolution-reprecipitation mechanism was proposed.
Urinary biomarker and treatment mechanism of Rhizoma Alismatis on hyperlipidemia (2016)

Rhizoma Alismatis (RA), a diuretic in Asia and Europe, was found to possess anti-hyperlipidemic activity. Since the biomarkers and mechanisms of RA in the treatment of hyperlipidemia are inadequate, ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight synapt high-definition mass spectrometry and multivariate data analysis were employed to investigate the urinary metabolomics of RA on hyperlipidemic rats induced by high-fat diet. The metabolic profile of RA-treated hyperlipidemic group located between control and diet-induced hyperlipidemic groups. Nineteen metabolites with significant fluctuations were identified as potential biomarkers related to the hyperlipidemia and anti-hyperlipidemia of RA using partial least-squares-discriminate analysis, heatmap analysis and correlation coefficient analysis. The fluctuations of these biomarkers represented disturbances in amino acid metabolism, purine metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism and energy metabolism. After RA treatment, these perturbed metabolites were restored to normal or nearly normal levels. RA can alleviate high-fat diet-induced dysfunctions in these metabolic pathways.
Modulation of the mammalian GABAA receptor by type I and type II positive allosteric modulators of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (2022)

We conclude that the tested α7-PAMs are micromolar-affinity, intermediate- to low-efficacy allosteric potentiators of the mammalian αβγ GABA<sub>A</sub> receptor. Given the similarities in the in vitro sensitivities of the α7 nACh and α1β2γ2L GABA<sub>A</sub> receptors to α7-PAMs, we propose that doses used to produce nACh receptor-mediated behavioural effects in vivo are likely to modulate GABA<sub>A</sub> receptor function.
Coupled Ionic and Electronic Transport Model of Thin‐Film Semiconductor Memristive Behavior (2009)

The memristor, the fourth passive circuit element, was predicted theoretically nearly 40 years ago, but we just recently demonstrated both an intentional material system and an analytical model that exhibited the properties of such a device. Here we provide a more physical model based on numerical solutions of coupled drift-diffusion equations for electrons and ions with appropriate boundary conditions. We simulate the dynamics of a two-terminal memristive device based on a semiconductor thin film with mobile dopants that are partially compensated by a small amount of immobile acceptors. We examine the mobile ion distributions, zero-bias potentials, and current-voltage characteristics of the model for both steady-state bias conditions and for dynamical switching to obtain physical insight into the transport processes responsible for memristive behavior in semiconductor films.
Heavy Metal Exposure Influences Double Strand Break DNA Repair Outcomes (2016)

Heavy metals such as cadmium, arsenic and nickel are classified as carcinogens. Although the precise mechanism of carcinogenesis is undefined, heavy metal exposure can contribute to genetic damage by inducing double strand breaks (DSBs) as well as inhibiting critical proteins from different DNA repair pathways. Here we take advantage of two previously published culture assay systems developed to address mechanistic aspects of DNA repair to evaluate the effects of heavy metal exposures on competing DNA repair outcomes. Our results demonstrate that exposure to heavy metals significantly alters how cells repair double strand breaks. The effects observed are both specific to the particular metal and dose dependent. Low doses of NiCl2 favored resolution of DSBs through homologous recombination (HR) and single strand annealing (SSA), which were inhibited by higher NiCl2 doses. In contrast, cells exposed to arsenic trioxide preferentially repaired using the "error prone" non-homologous end joining (alt-NHEJ) while inhibiting repair by HR. In addition, we determined that low doses of nickel and cadmium contributed to an increase in mutagenic recombination-mediated by Alu elements, the most numerous family of repetitive elements in humans. Sequence verification confirmed that the majority of the genetic deletions were the result of Alu-mediated non-allelic recombination events that predominantly arose from repair by SSA. All heavy metals showed a shift in the outcomes of alt-NHEJ repair with a significant increase of non-templated sequence insertions at the DSB repair site. Our data suggest that exposure to heavy metals will alter the choice of DNA repair pathway changing the genetic outcome of DSBs repair.
Understanding Systematics in ZZ Ceti Model Fitting to Enable Differential Seismology (2016)

We are conducting a large spectroscopic survey of over 130 Southern ZZ Cetis with the Goodman Spectrograph on the SOAR Telescope. Because it employs a single instrument with high UV throughput, this survey will both improve the signal-to-noise of the sample of SDSS ZZ Cetis and provide a uniform dataset for model comparison. We are paying special attention to systematics in the spectral fitting and quantify three of those systematics here. We show that relative positions in the $\log{g}$-$T_{\rm eff}$ plane are consistent for these three systematics.
Combination of implantable and transurethral ultrasound applicators for prostate thermal therapy (2002)

This preliminary investigation demonstrates that using implantable ultrasound applicators (with energy directed away from the rectum and nontargeted tissue) in combination with a directional transurethral ultrasound applicator have potential to provide controlled thermal coagulation and necrosis of small or large regions within the prostate gland, while sparing thermally sensitive rectal tissue.
ApoA-I Protects Pancreatic β-cells from Cholesterol-induced Mitochondrial Damage and Restores their Ability to Secrete Insulin (2023)

ABSTRACT Objective: High cholesterol levels in pancreatic β-cells cause oxidative stress and decrease insulin secretion. β-cells can internalize apolipoprotein (apo) A-I, which increases insulin secretion. This study asks whether internalization of apoA-I improves β-cell insulin secretion by reducing oxidative stress. Approach: Ins-1E cells were cholesterol-loaded by incubation with cholesterol-methyl-β-cyclodextrin. Insulin secretion in the presence of 2.8 or 25 mM glucose was quantified by radioimmunoassay. Internalization of fluorescently labelled apoA-I by β-cells was monitored by flow cytometry. The effects of apoA-I internalization on β-cell gene expression was evaluated by RNA sequencing. ApoA-I binding partners on the β-cell surface were identified by mass spectrometry. Mitochondrial oxidative stress was quantified in β-cells and isolated islets with MitoSOX and confocal microscopy. Results: An F 1 -ATPase β-subunit on the β-cell surface was identified as the main apoA-I binding partner. β-cell internalization of apoA-I was time-, concentration-, temperature-, cholesterol- and F 1 -ATPase β-subunit-dependent. β-cells with internalized apoA-I (apoA-I + cells) had higher cholesterol and cell surface F 1 -ATPase β-subunit levels than β-cells without internalized apoA-I (apoA-I − cells). The internalized apoA-I co-localized with mitochondria and was associated with reduced oxidative stress and increased insulin secretion. The ATPase inhibitory factor 1, IF 1 , attenuated apoA-I internalization and increased oxidative stress in Ins-1E β-cells and isolated mouse islets. Differentially expressed genes in apoA-I + and apoA-I − Ins-1E cells were related to protein synthesis, the unfolded protein response, insulin secretion and mitochondrial function. Conclusions: These results establish that β-cells are functionally heterogeneous and apoA-I restores insulin secretion in β-cells with elevated cholesterol levels by improving mitochondrial redox balance.
A general SPICE model for arbitrary linear dispersive multiport components described by frequency-domain data (2003)

The paper introduces a general and efficient approach to dispersive multiport component modeling for use in conjunction with SPICE-like time-domain transient analysis programs. The model computes at any time instant the port currents making use of the time-dependent exciting voltages and of frequency-domain data generated once for all by electromagnetic or circuit analysis.
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Activity in Regions of the Rat Brain During Postnatal Development (1984)

Activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC) was measured in seven brain regions of the male rat at various times during the postnatal period using an arylamine acetyltransferase coupled assay. Three days after birth, PDHC activity was found to be less than 15% of adult values in all brain regions with the exception of hypothalamus and medulla-pons (30% of adult values in each case). Activity of the enzyme complex in these latter regions attained adult levels by 21 days postnatally, some 5-15 days ahead of that found in cerebral cortex, striatum, hippocampus, and cerebellum. Such differences in PDHC maturation reflect the greater degree of early maturity of the phylogenetically older brain structures. Cerebellar PDHC developed more slowly than in other brain regions to attain only 40% of adult levels by the time of weaning. The pattern of maturation of cerebellar PDHC is paralleled by increased incorporation of glucose into cerebral amino acids and by the pattern of development of parallel fiber synaptogenesis. These findings suggest that PDHC may play a key role in the regional development of metabolic compartmentation and the associated maturation of cerebral function in the rat.
Effects of seeding date on grain and biomass yield of intermediate wheatgrass (2022)

Abstract Intermediate wheatgrass ( Thinopyrum intermedium ) (IWG) is a perennial grass being domesticated for grain production with potential to provide economic return and ecosystem services across a broad geographic range in North America, yet optimum seeding dates for grain and biomass yield are unknown. Our objective was to determine the effect of late‐summer, fall, and spring seeding dates on grain and biomass yield of a grain‐type IWG population. Trials were conducted at St. Paul and Roseau, MN, Kalispell, MT, and Salina, KS. Seeding dates ranged from August to June of the following year. Grain and biomass yields were highest when seeded at the earliest late‐summer date for all environments except for Kansas, where a September 29 seeding date produced the greatest grain and biomass yields. Little to no grain was produced from spring seedings in the first production year, substantiating that photoperiod and vernalization requirements are needed for seed head induction. Grain and biomass yields were positively correlated to cumulative growing degree days (GDD) from seeding date to winter dormancy. A quadratic response was observed at Salina, KS, where seed yields maximized when GDD accumulation reached 912. Accumulation of vernalization units throughout fall, winter, and spring after seeding was also positively correlated with grain yield. The minimum vernalization units for grain production varied from 50 to 87 across sites. Results highlight important associations between thermal units and IWG grain yield when seeded in late summer; however, other variables affecting IWG seed head induction (e.g., photoperiod, snow cover) require further study.
Differential expression of osteoblast-specific factor 2 and polymeric immunoglobulin receptor genes in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (2005)

Background. The molecular mechanisms leading to development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) are not well understood. To delineate the features of NPC, we tried to identify unique expression of cellular genes in the tumor biopsy specimens. Methods and Results. By use of a combination of differential display and cDNA microarray analysis, we found two genes, 3E5 and 4A5, to show unique expression in the NPC biopsy specimens compared with nontumor nasopharyngeal tissues. Expression of 3E5, the osteoblast-specific factor-2 (OSF-2) gene, was detected at significantly higher levels in NPC biopsy specimens than that in control tissues, a finding confirmed using real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). A correlation between expression of OSF-2 and its regulatory cytokine transforming growth factor-β was observed in nontumor tissues but not in NPC biopsy specimens. On the other hand, expression of 4A5, whose sequences represent the 3′ untranslated region of the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) gene, was detected rarely in NPC specimens but frequently in nontumor controls. The expression of pIgR in normal epithelial cells, but not in NPC tumor cells, was verified by RT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining. Conclusions. NPC shows significant upregulation of OSF-2 and downregulation of pIgR. Expression of OSF-2 is likely to play a role in the pathogenesis of NPC. In addition, expression of OSF-2 and pIgR is disassociated with the expression of their regulatory cytokines in NPC biopsy specimens, suggesting that the tumors may have altered responses to certain cytokines. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 27: XXX–XXX, 2005
Synthesis of well‐defined azido and amino end‐functionalized polystyrene by atom transfer radical polymerization (1997)

Abstract Mono and difunctional polystyrenes containing active halogenated end groups were prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Substitution reactions were explored to convert the halogen termini to azido groups, followed by readuction to form the amino functional polymer. Quantitative conversion of the end groups was observed in each transformation reaction. 1 H NMR demonstrated the formation of the azide from the bromide functionality without elimination. The difunctional α,ω‐diaminopolystyrene was reacted with terephthaloyl chloride in a condensation process to produce chain‐extended polystyrene containing amide bonds along the polymer backbone.
Electron-triggered motions in technomimetic molecules (2006)

Technomimetic molecules are molecules designed to imitate macroscopic objects at the molecular level, also transposing the motions that these objects are able to undergo. This article focuses on technomimetic molecules with motions triggered by electrons. The first part is devoted to our work in the field of molecular switches: after having demonstrated the possibility of controlling an intramolecular electron transfer by photoisomerisation, we are now trying to control the isomerisation, either by electrochemistry, or by embedding the photochromic compound in a self-assembled monolayer and testing the electrical conduction with a STM tip. In a second part, we present our strategy on controlling the rotation in a molecular rotary motor and the family of ruthenium complexes designed to perform such a task. The molecules have a piano-stool structure with a "stator" meant to be grafted on an oxide surface, and a "rotor" bearing redox-active groups, so that addressing the molecule with nano-electrodes would trigger rotation. The electrical control of the charge state of a molecule by a STM tip is developed in a final part.
Examination of the Rac-modulator ArhGAP15 in platelet activation. (2021)

Objective Platelet activation is triggered by various stimuli engaging with surface expressed receptors. Intracellular signaling then leads to the shape change, granule secretion and integrin activation in platelets. One key component of integrin activation in various hematopoietic cells is Rac and Rac-modulating proteins. The de-activating Rac-modulator ArhGAP15 has been shown to control leukocyte functionality in vivo, but little is known about its role in platelets. We thus set out to determine whether ArhGAP15 is expressed in platelets and how deficiency of ArhGAP15 affects platelet functionality.
Angiotensin II formation by an alternative pathway during exercise in humans (1994)

These results suggest the presence of an alternative Ang II-forming pathway independent of ACE, and that one or more NAF-sensitive serine protease is responsible, at least partly, for generating Ang II during exercise.
Neurorescue Activity, APP Regulation and Amyloid-&#946; Peptide Reduction by Novel Multi-Functional Brain Permeable Iron- Chelating- Antioxidants,M-30 and Green Tea Polyphenol, EGCG (2007)

Accumulation of iron at sites where neurons degenerate in Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) is thought to have a major role in oxidative stress induced process of neurodegeneration. The novel non-toxic lipophilic brain- permeable iron chelators, VK-28 (5- [4- (2- hydroxyethyl) piperazine-1-ylmethyl]- quinoline- 8- ol) and its multi-functional derivative, M-30 (5-[N-methyl-N-propargylaminomethyl]-8-hydroxyquinoline), as well as the main polyphenol constituent of green tea (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), which possesses iron metal chelating, radical scavenging and neuroprotective properties, offer potential therapeutic benefits for these diseases. M-30 and EGCG decreased apoptosis of human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells in a neurorescue, serum deprivation model, via multiple protection mechanisms including: reduction of the pro-apoptotic proteins, Bad and Bax, reduction of apoptosis-associated Ser139 phosphorylated H2A.X and inhibition of the cleavage and activation of caspase-3. M-30 and EGCG also promoted morphological changes, resulting in axonal growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43) implicating neuronal differentiation. Both compounds significantly reduced the levels of cellular holo-amyloid precursor protein (APP) in SH-SY5Y cells. The ability of theses novel iron chelators and EGCG to regulate APP are in line with the presence of an iron-responsive element (IRE) in the 5'-untranslated region (5'UTR) of APP. Also, EGCG reduced the levels of toxic amyloid-beta peptides in CHO cells over-expressing the APP "Swedish" mutation. The diverse molecular mechanisms and cell signaling pathways participating in the neuroprotective/neurorescue and APP regulation/processing actions of M-30 and EGCG, make these multifunctional compounds potential neuroprotective drugs for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, such as PD, AD, Huntington's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Effect of Collaboration on Localizability in Range-Based Localization Systems (2015)

In this paper, we examine, via analysis, the improvement in device localizability through collaboration. Depending on the sensitivity of the receivers in the devices, it is not unusual for an unlocalized device to lack a sufficient number of detectable positioning signals from localized devices to determine its location without ambiguity (i.e., to be uniquely localizable). This occurrence is well-known to be a limiting factor in localization performance, especially in communications systems. In cellular positioning, for example, cellular network designers call this the hearability problem. In this work, we employ tools from stochastic geometry to derive accurate approximations for the probabilities of unique localizability in the noncollaborative and collaborative cases. We consider range-based positioning scenarios with and without shadowing. The results are very promising and motivate further research into enhancing cellular positioning with small-scale collaboration (e.g., using D2D in LTE).