gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous synthesis of nano silver and activation of polyester producing higher tensile strength aminohydroxylated fiber with antibacterial and hydrophilic properties (2014)

An aminohydroxylated polyester fabric with durable antibacterial activity, enhanced hydrophilicity and improved mechanical properties was prepared in one single step process. In the proposed method, synthesis of silver nanoparticles was carried out along with the aminohydrolysis of polyester fabric using triethanolamine (TEA), acting as reducing and stabilizing agent. The morphology, crystal phase, and chemical structure of the fabrics were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The tensile properties and water spreading times of the treated fabrics were also measured. Moreover, central composite design based on response surface methodology was applied to study the influence of silver nitrate and TEA concentrations. It was found that silver nanoparticles with an average crystal size of 17 nm were synthesized on the fabrics treated at 130 °C. The distribution of Ag nanoparticles on the fiber surface was confirmed by SEM and EDX. Interestingly, the tensile properties of the treated samples were enhanced in comparison with the untreated fabric. Findings suggest the potential of triethanolamine in the simultaneous aminohydrolysis of polyester fabric and reduction of silver ions into silver nanoparticles, preparing a fabric with excellent antibacterial efficiency against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, higher tensile strength and improved hydrophilicity.
Impact of GaN buffer layer on the growth and properties of InN islands (2008)

Uncapped InN islands are grown on GaN buffer layers by low pressure metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. The buffer layer threading dislocation density is intentionally altered via the GaN growth pressure, as indicated by both the x-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy. InN island density and size vary markedly depending on the threading dislocation density in the buffer layers. Islands grown on the buffer layers with reduced threading dislocation densities exhibit narrow x-ray diffraction peaks and strong room temperature photoluminescence.
Emergent electric field control of phase transformation in oxide superlattices (2020)

Electric fields can transform materials with respect to their structure and properties, enabling various applications ranging from batteries to spintronics. Recently electrolytic gating, which can generate large electric fields and voltage-driven ion transfer, has been identified as a powerful means to achieve electric-field-controlled phase transformations. The class of transition metal oxides provide many potential candidates that present a strong response under electrolytic gating. However, very few show a reversible structural transformation at room-temperature. Here, we report the realization of a digitally synthesized transition metal oxide that shows a reversible, electric-field-controlled transformation between distinct crystalline phases at room-temperature. In superlattices comprised of alternating one-unit-cell of SrIrO<sub>3</sub> and La<sub>0.2</sub>Sr<sub>0.8</sub>MnO<sub>3</sub>, we find a reversible phase transformation with a 7% lattice change and dramatic modulation in chemical, electronic, magnetic and optical properties, mediated by the reversible transfer of oxygen and hydrogen ions. Strikingly, this phase transformation is absent in the constituent oxides, solid solutions and larger period superlattices. Our findings open up this class of materials for voltage-controlled functionality.
Elderly age is not a negative predictive factor for virological response to therapy with pegylated interferon‐α and ribavirin in chronic hepatitis C virus patients (2013)

Age is not a significant predictive factor for achieving SVR, when relevant confounders are taken into account. As life expectancy in Western Europe at age 60 is more than 20 years, it is reasonable to treat chronic hepatitis C in selected elderly patients with relevant fibrosis or cirrhosis but without major concomitant diseases, as SVR improves survival and reduces carcinogenesis.
FIDE (2016)

This paper presents FIDE, an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) for building applications using Functional Mock-up Units (FMUs) that implement the standardized Functional Mock-up Interface (FMI). FIDE is based on the actororiented Ptolemy II framework and leverages its graphical user interface, simulation engine, and code generation feature to let a user arrange a collection of FMUs and compile them into a portable and embeddable executable that efficiently co-simulates the ensemble. The FMUs are orchestrated by a well-vetted implementation of a master algorithm (MA) that deterministically combines discrete and continuous-time dynamics. The ability to handle these interactions correctly hinges on the implementation of extensions to the FMI 2.0 standard. We explain the extensions, outline the architecture of FIDE, and show its use on a particularly challenging example that cannot be handled without the proposed extensions to FMI 2.0 for co-simulation.
Role of microcomputed tomography in microvascular imaging (2011)

Micro-CT scans generate three-dimensional images consisting of the order of 1000<sup>3</sup> voxels (3D picture elements), each cubic voxel being sub-micron to 100 micrometer on a side. The gray-scale modulation within tomographic images reflects the local attenuation of the x-ray. This allows for differentiation of different tissues by virtue of their elemental content. However, the elements in blood vessel walls and within blood differ little from organ parenchyma, hence they are not readily distinguishable unless the attenuation of blood is enhanced by injecting a heavy element (such as iodine) into the blood stream or by staining the vessel wall tissues with heavy metals such as osmium tetroxide. Three-dimensional micro-CT images a volume (of light-opaque tissue) large enough to include entire, intact, vascular trees without the need to destroy the 3D tissue specimen. Hence, the fluid dynamic and the perfusion territory size consequences, as well the micro-anatomic relationship of the vascular branching geometry and interconnectivity to parenchymal structures (e.g., nephron, hepatic lobule or cancer) can be readily appreciated and quantified. The permeability of microvasculature can also be imaged by virtue of the increased contrast resulting from the fraction of the injected contrast agent passing through the endothelium into the surrounding extravascular tissue. In recent years micro-CT based on the imaging of coherent x-ray scatter and on x-ray phase shift caused by local electron density distributions (reflecting molecular bond type in some cases) provide greater inherent image contrast than does x-ray attenuation. These new capabilities are now active avenues of research and development.
Non-Isolated Single-Inductor DC/DC Converter With Fully Reconfigurable Structure for Renewable Energy Applications (2017)

A novel non-isolated three-port converter (NITPC) is introduced in this brief. The purpose of this topology is to integrate a regenerative load such as DC bus and motor with dynamic braking, instead of the widely reported consuming load, with a photovoltaic (PV)-battery system. Conventional methods require either a separate DC-DC converter to process the reversible power flow or employing an isolated three-port converter (TPC), which allows bi-directional power flow between any two ports. However, these methods require many switches, which increases the converter size and control complexity. This brief hence presents a compact but fully functional design by combining and integrating basic converters to form a simplified single-inductor converter structure while keeping a minimum amount of switches. The resultant converter is fully reconfigurable that all possible power flow combinations among the sources and load are achieved through different switching patterns, while preserving the single power processing feature of TPC. This brief presents a design example of the proposed NITPC for a PV-battery powered DC microgrid. Detailed circuitry analysis, operation principles of both DC grid-connected and islanded modes, and experimental results of different modes in steady state and mode transitions are presented.
Efficacy of ivermectin for the treatment of head lice (Pediculosis capitis). (1994)

Twenty six male and female patients aged 5 to 17 years who had head lice infestation confirmed by eggs presence and received treatments with a single 200 mu/kg oral dose of ivermectin in open fashion. At day 14 after treatment, 20 responded to the treatment (77%), and 6 patients (23%) presented with a complete disappearance of eggs and all clinical symptoms. At day 28, 7 patients were healed (27%), but 4 patients of the 6 healed at day 14 presented with signs of reinfestation. This study suggests that ivermectin is a promising treatment of head lice, and a second dose at day 10 should be appropriate for a further comparative trial.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐(Lithiomethyl)‐1‐methylimidazole as a Non‐reactive Bulk Base and Its Novel Mixed Dimer with a Chiral Lithium Amide in Catalytic Stereoselective Deprotonation. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Abstract WMP81: Prostaglandin E2 EP1 Receptor Deletion Exacerbates Brain Injury And Behavioral Deficits After Experimental Induced Intracerebral Hemorrhage. (2013)

Background: Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) has been reported to have various cytoprotective or toxic properties in acute and chronic neurological conditions. The role of the PGE2 EP1 receptor in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) induced brain injury has not yet been fully investigated. Thus, this study is performed to investigate the role of the EP1 G-protein-coupled receptor in hemorrhagic stroke. Methods: ICH was induced randomly in 2.0-2.5 month-old male C57BL/6 (WT) and EP1 knockout mice by intrastriatal injection of collagenase. Following 72h after ICH, neurological outcomes were evaluated using: adhesive removal, rotarod, open field and neurological deficits on a 24-point scale. Thereafter, the mice were sacrificed and brains were taken out to quantify the lesion volume, brain swelling, cell death/survival, and microglial activation following this ICH model. All values are expressed in (mean±SEM), and the number of cells/field was provided by averaging four different regions around the hematoma. Results: Collagenase injection produced a reproducible hematoma that was primarily restricted to the striatum. Neurological deficit was worsened in EP1 knockout (18.7±1.7) compared to WT mice (11.1±0.9) after 72h of ICH. Interestingly, deletion of EP1 receptor aggravates brain injury lesion volume (17.8±1.7 vs. 12.5±1.6mm 3 ) and brain swelling (18.7±1.6 vs. 11.1±0.9mm 3 ) compared to WT mice. Behavior analysis (EP1 vs. WT) using adhesive removal (91.7±4.3 vs. 52.3±3.9sec), open field (1120.0±155.9 vs. 1837.0±82.8sec), and rotarod performance (46.0±4.2 vs. 66.3±4.0sec) tests indicate that WT mice recovered faster compared to EP1 mice. Fluoro Jade staining indicated that cell death was higher in EP1 than WT mice (117.3±7.3 vs. 71.5±4.6 cells/field), and 8-hydroxyguanosine staining showed that neuronal survival was reduced in EP1 mice (19.4±2.4 vs. 33.9±2.1cells/field) at 72h after ICH. Thereafter, quantification using Iba1 immunostaining demonstrated a 72% increase in the number of immunoreactive microglia appearing in WT than in EP1 mice. Conclusion: These results suggest that EP1 receptor deletion aggravates brain injury, induces neurological dysfunction with decreased neuronal survival, and activates microglia in this ICH preclinical model.
Structure and function of a hexameric cyanophycin synthetase 2 (2023)

Abstract Cyanophycin is a natural polymer composed of a poly-aspartate backbone with arginine attached to each of the aspartate sidechains. Produced by a wide range of bacteria, which mainly use it as a store of fixed nitrogen, it has many promising industrial applications. Cyanophycin can be synthesized from the amino acids Asp and Arg by the widespread cyanophycin synthetase 1 (CphA1), or from the dipeptide β-Asp-Arg by the cyanobacterial enzyme cyanophycin synthetase 2 (CphA2). CphA2 enzymes display a range of oligomeric states, from dimers to dodecamers. Recently, the crystal structure of a CphA2 dimer was solved but could not be obtained in complex with substrate. Here, we report cryo-EM structures of the hexameric CphA2 from Stanieria sp. at ~2.8 Å resolution, both with and without ATP and cyanophycin. The structures show a trimer-of-dimers hexameric architecture, and substrate-binding interactions that are similar to those of CphA1. Mutagenesis experiments demonstrate the importance of several conserved substrate-binding residues. We also find that a Q416A/R528G double mutation prevents hexamer formation and use this double mutant to show that hexamerization augments the rate of cyanophycin synthesis. Together, these results increase our mechanistic understanding of how an interesting green polymer is biosynthesized.
Critical flicker fusion (CFF) test for sedative effect of antidepressants (1981)

It is important to know in which direction and to what extent a drug affects cerebral arousal. Critical flicker fusion (CFF) is a most reliable method for measuring this particular quality of various drugs. A semi-automatic apparatus was used under standardized conditions, and double-blind technique was employed. Only acute experiments are described here. Dose-effect relationship can be demonstrated. The effect on cerebral arousal varies greatly from one antidepressant to another. Amitriptyline and doxepin were found to exert strong sedative effect, and amitriptyline-N-oxide an intermediate one, while imipramine and imipramine-N-oxide lacked this quality. Nomifensine in large doses has a significant stimulant action. Zimelidine in a low dose (75 mg) slightly, but significantly, lowered the CFF level, but at a dose of 150 mg no significant effect was obtained. At the doses 225 and 300 mg a slight increase was seen (about 2%). Various aspects of the findings are discussed in the paper.
Fourier analysis of second-turn cochlear microphonic response in chinchilla (1974)

Chinchilla cochlear microphonic responses to tones for input levels from 20 to 110 dB SPL have been examined by a fast-Fourier-transform algorithm. Distortion of cochlear microphonic response in the second turn (CM2) in response to excitation at 225 Hz was found to grow rapidly as the level of stimulus was varied from 50 to 70 dB SPL. Like the input-output function for the complete CM2 response, the input-output functions for the harmonics showed saturation near 80 dB SPL. Changing body temperature between 29°C and 39°C had little effect on the pattern of the harmonics examined, but exposure to steady noise resulted in marked changes in output waveforms of CM2. Some possible mechanisms for noise-induced reduction of CM may be excluded by these differences between the effects of temperatures and acoustic stress. [Supported by NINDS Grant NS 03856.]
Response of Oak and Red Maple to Herbicides Applied with an Injector (1968)

Injections with 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram), 2-methoxy-3,6-dichlorobenzoic acid (dicamba), and butoxyethanol ester of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) satisfactorily killed the tops of scarlet oak ( Quercus coccinea L.) and white oak ( Quercus alba L.) when applied in March or June. Triethylamine salt of 2,4,5-T adequately killed the tops of the oaks in June but not in March. Picloram was the most lethal herbicide used on red maple ( Acer rubrum L.), and sprouting was controlled more effectively on all species with picloram than with the other herbicides.
The global information infrastructure: Empowerment or imperialism? (2001)

The hope has arisen that the internet will ultimately evolve into a Global Information Infrastructure (GII). The GII will create a global information marketplace and in the process narrow the poverty gap and eliminate many of the geographic obstacles to prosperity and equality. However commerce-primarily US commerce-is driving the development of the internet. As a result investors will want a return on their money in the form of access to new markets. Many countries will have to accept privatisation and competition wholeheartedly. Also, sooner or later local resources will have to replace external funding and external technical expertise. Many countries lack the regional, social and economic integration found in the USA and in addition have deep political, linguistic and cultural divisions that do not exist in the USA. This article examines issues of connectivity, language and content and concludes that in reality the internet concentrates economic activity and power more narrowly in one group. As a result there is a real risk that we are moving towards a two-tier technology society that perpetuates the old distinctions between North and South.
Genomic Sequencing and Phylogenomics of Cowpox Virus (2022)

<i>Cowpox virus</i> (CPXV; genus <i>Orthopoxvirus</i>; family <i>Poxviridae</i>) is the causative agent of cowpox, a self-limiting zoonotic infection. CPXV is endemic in Eurasia, and human CPXV infections are associated with exposure to infected animals. In the Fennoscandian region, five CPXVs isolated from cats and humans were collected and used in this study. We report the complete sequence of their genomes, which ranged in size from 220-222 kbp, containing between 215 and 219 open reading frames. The phylogenetic analysis of 87 orthopoxvirus strains, including the Fennoscandian CPXV isolates, confirmed the division of CPXV strains into at least five distinct major clusters (CPXV-like 1, CPXV-like 2, VACV-like, VARV-like and ECTV-Abatino-like) and can be further divided into eighteen sub-species based on the genetic and patristic distances. Bayesian time-scaled evolutionary history of CPXV was reconstructed employing concatenated 62 non-recombinant conserved genes of 55 CPXV. The CPXV evolution rate was calculated to be 1.65 × 10<sup>-5</sup> substitution/site/year. Our findings confirmed that CPXV is not a single species but a polyphyletic assemblage of several species and thus, a reclassification is warranted.
CD11b+GR1+ Myeloid Cells Secrete NGF and Promote Trigeminal Ganglion Neurite Growth: Implications for Corneal Nerve Regeneration (2013)

YFP(+) BMCs in thy1-YFP mice have immunophenotypic features of MDSCs. They secrete NGF and promote neuroregeneration. Their immunosuppressive and neurotrophic actions are preserved after corneal infiltration. These findings increase our understanding of the beneficial roles played by leukocyte trafficking in the cornea and may lead to therapeutic strategies that use NGF-secreting myeloid cells to repair diseased or injured neurons.
A Telecare System that Estimates Quality of Life through Communication (2018)

Quality of life (QoL) is an effective index of well-being, including physical health as well as mental state of individuals. In this paper, audio and video data were collected from healthy participants during a natural language conversation with a conversational agent. This yielded ten hours of audio and video data. A system that uses a deep learning architecture was constructed to estimate the user's QoL. This system was built using a 3D convolutional neural network and an SVM for multimodal data. In order to evaluate the accuracy of the estimation system, two experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, the QoL question-answer estimation experiment, the accuracy of “Physical functioning”, “Role physical”, “Body pain”, “General health”, “Vitality”, “ Social functioning”, “Role emotional”, and “Mental Health” scale was 84.0%, 68.0%, 67.8%, 62.3%, 51.3%, 68.0%, 54.8% and 47.0% in order. The total average of the correct answer rate was 65%. In the second experiment, the QoL score-regression experiment, the distribution of the difference between the actual score and the estimated results, known as error, was investigated. These results imply that the features necessary for QoL estimation can be extracted from audio and video data except for the “Mental Health” domain. These results also show the usefulness of the estimation system using multimodal data. Finally, suggestions and discussions regarding the plausible behavior of the estimation results were made from the viewpoint of human agent interaction in the field of elderly welfare. From the results, we concluded that it is possible to extract high dimensional information regarding the QoL of a human including their satisfaction level towards daily life and social activities from multimodal data.
Domain-Specific Monoclonal Antibodies Produced Against Human PGRN (2011)

Progranulin (PGRN) encodes a 68.5-kDa secreted growth factor that is composed of seven and a half tandem repeats of a 12-cysteine granulin motif. PGRN is expressed in many tissues and has a role in mediating development, wound repair, inflammation, and tumorigenesis. Mutations leading to a loss of function in PGRN are the most common cause of familial frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43-positive inclusions (FTLD-TDP). In this study, we established hybridoma cell lines producing antibodies against human PGRN. Murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against human PGRN were generated by using purified eukaryotic recombinant PGRN-6His fusion protein as immunogen. A panel of seven monoclonal antibodies was obtained after the preliminary screening by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the data of which was confirmed by Western blot analysis and immunocytochemistry. By using constructs expressing a series of C- and N-terminal truncations, and single domains of PGRN, the particular domains recognized by MAbs were also identified. Domain-specific anti-PGRN MAbs will be an essential tool for investigating the role of PGRN in normal physiological or pathological conditions.