gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Galectin-3: A possible complementary marker to the PSA blood test. (2013)

e22168 Background: The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a test widely used to detect, monitor, and predict the biology of prostate cancer (PCa). Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a carbohydrate-binding protein and is present in the seminal fluid. It is a tumor-associated protein, which plays a role in metastasis, apoptosis, and tumor growth. We recently reported that PSA cleaves Gal-3. Cleavage status of Gal-3 in the prostate tissue might be associated with the tumor formation and progression of PCa. Therefore, we compared Gal-3 levels in the blood of non-cancer urology patients and metastatic PCa patients. Methods: Non-cancer and metastatic PCa patients were recruited from the genitourinary oncology clinics. Sixteen men (8 PCa patients and 8 controls) were recruited during their clinic visit from May to August 2012. The metastatic PCa patients could be either castrate-sensitive or castrate-resistant. The control patients could not have any history of invasive cancer. A blood sample was collected from each study patient. Levels of Gal-3 were analyzed by Western blot and ELISA. The study design was a small, prospective, single institution pre-pilot study. The primary statistical endpoint was the mean level of serum galectin-3. Within each of the two groups of patients, it was desired to estimate the mean Gal-3 level to within 0.50 standard deviations (SD’s) of the true mean, with 80% confidence. This study design required N=8 men per group. Results: The cancer-free control patients had lower levels of serum Gal-3 than did any of the 8 PCa patients (see Table). These results suggest that serum Gal-3 levels in metastatic PCa patients and cancer-free controls are quite different. The serum PSA distributions of these 2 patient groups overlap slightly, hence PSA did not distinguish them quite as well as did Gal-3. Conclusions: This is the first report to show serum Gal-3concentrations were uniformly higher in patients with metastatic PCa as compared to non-cancer control patients. [Table: see text]
First‐Principles Thermochemistry and Thermodynamic Modeling of the Al 2 O 3 –Nd 2 O 3 –SiO 2 –Y 2 O 3 Pseudoquaternary System (2010)

The Al 2 O 3 –Nd 2 O 3 –SiO 2 –Y 2 O 3 pseudoquaternary system was thermodynamically modeled with a focus on the phase equilibria concerning the sintering of neodymium‐doped yttrium aluminum garnet, Nd:YAG ((Y 1− x Nd x ) 3 Al 5 O 12 ). The Nd 2 O 3 –SiO 2 and Nd 2 O 3 –Y 2 O 3 systems were evaluated. Due to the lack of experimental thermochemical data, first‐principles calculations were used to predict the enthalpy of formation of Nd 2 SiO 5 and the enthalpy of mixing of Nd in YAG. Isothermal sections of the Al 2 O 3 –Nd 2 O 3 –SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 –Nd 2 O 3 –Y 2 O 3 , and Nd 2 O 3 –SiO 2 –Y 2 O 3 pseudoternary systems are presented.
The Radioactivity Characteristics of the NPP Charcoal Sample Contaminated by Carbon-14 - 13531 (2013)

The radioactivity of 14 C-contaminated charcoal sample was analyzed by using a high temperature oxidation and liquid scintillation counting method. The radioactivity of the sample was monotonically increased according to the increase of the combustion time at each temperature where the experimental uncertainty was calculated in the 95 % confidence level. It showed that the 14 C radioactivity was not completely extracted from the sample by simply increasing the combustion time unless the combustion temperature was high enough. The higher the combustion temperature was, the higher the recovery during the first 30 minutes was. The first 30 minute recoveries were 100 % at a temperature equal to or greater than 450 ℃. The ratios of the recovery during the first 30 minutes to the total recovery during whole duration were more than 90 % at each experiment temperature. It was understood that the temperature was a critical factor for the complete removal of the 14 C from the waste sample.
Carbon Nanotube Capsules Self-Assembled by W/O Emulsion Technique (2007)

Carbon nanotube capsules (CNCs) with the diameter of 5-10 microm were fabricated from acid-modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) using water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion technique. The effects of the content of CNTs in water, the extent of acid treatment, and the length of CNTs used on the formation and morphology of CNCs were investigated. It was found that the amount of CNTs in water and the length of CNTs are the crucial factors for the formation of carbon nanotube capsules.
Fractionation and winterization of edible fats and oils (1976)

Abstract Processes for fractionation and winterization are reviewed. Properties of solid and liquid fractions from various fats and oils are discussed. In view of the current interest in palm oil, the operation and economics of a small palm oil processing plant including fractionation are described.
Myostatin (GDF-8) as a key factor linking muscle mass and bone structure. (2010)

Myostatin (GDF-8) is a member of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily that is highly expressed in skeletal muscle, and myostatin loss-of-function leads to doubling of skeletal muscle mass. Myostatin-deficient mice have been used as a model for studying muscle-bone interactions, and here we review the skeletal phenotype associated with altered myostatin signaling. It is now known that myostatin is a key regulator of mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and differentiation, and mice lacking the myostatin gene show decreased body fat and a generalized increase in bone density and strength. The increase in bone density is observed in most anatomical regions, including the limbs, spine, and jaw, and myostatin inhibitors have been observed to significantly increase bone formation. Myostatin is also expressed in the early phases of fracture healing, and myostatin deficiency leads to increased fracture callus size and strength. Together, these data suggest that myostatin has direct effects on the proliferation and differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells, and that myostatin antagonists and inhibitors are likely to enhance both muscle mass and bone strength.
Optimization of one-way wave equations (1985)

Abstract The theory of wave extrapolation is based on the square-root equation or one-way equation. The full wave equation represents waves which propagate in both directions. On the contrary, the square-root equation represents waves propagating in one direction only.
Development of a New Generation of Ammonia Sensors on Printed Polymeric Hotplates (2014)

Conducting polyaniline-based chemiresistors on printed polymeric micro-hotplates were developed, showing sensitive and selective detection of ammonia vapor in air. The devices consist of a fully inkjet-printed silver heater and interdigitated electrodes on a polyethylene naphthalate substrate, separated by a thin dielectric film. The integrated heater allowed operation at elevated temperatures, enhancing the ammonia sensing performance. The printed sensor designs were optimized over two different generations, to improve the thermal performance through careful design of the shape and dimension of the heater element. A vapor-phase deposition polymerization technique was adapted to produce polyaniline sensing layers doped with poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid). The resulting sensor had better thermal stability and sensing performance when compared with conventional polyaniline-based sensors, and this was attributed to the polymeric dopant used in this study. Improved long-term stability of the sensors was achieved by electrodeposition of gold on the silver electrodes. Response to sub-parts-per-million concentrations of ammonia even under humid conditions was observed.
Efficacy, safety, quality control, marketing and regulatory guidelines for herbal medicines (phytotherapeutic agents) (2000)

This review highlights the current advances in knowledge about the safety, efficacy, quality control, marketing and regulatory aspects of botanical medicines. Phytotherapeutic agents are standardized herbal preparations consisting of complex mixtures of one or more plants which contain as active ingredients plant parts or plant material in the crude or processed state. A marked growth in the worldwide phytotherapeutic market has occurred over the last 15 years. For the European and USA markets alone, this will reach about $7 billion and $5 billion per annum, respectively, in 1999, and has thus attracted the interest of most large pharmaceutical companies. Insufficient data exist for most plants to guarantee their quality, efficacy and safety. The idea that herbal drugs are safe and free from side effects is false. Plants contain hundreds of constituents and some of them are very toxic, such as the most cytotoxic anti-cancer plant-derived drugs, digitalis and the pyrrolizidine alkaloids, etc. However, the adverse effects of phytotherapeutic agents are less frequent compared with synthetic drugs, but well-controlled clinical trials have now confirmed that such effects really exist. Several regulatory models for herbal medicines are currently available including prescription drugs, over-the-counter substances, traditional medicines and dietary supplements. Harmonization and improvement in the processes of regulation is needed, and the general tendency is to perpetuate the German Commission E experience, which combines scientific studies and traditional knowledge (monographs). Finally, the trend in the domestication, production and biotechnological studies and genetic improvement of medicinal plants, instead of the use of plants harvested in the wild, will offer great advantages, since it will be possible to obtain uniform and high quality raw materials which are fundamental to the efficacy and safety of herbal drugs.
Hydraulic Joint for Pipe Jacking (2009)

A newly developed hydraulic joint for pipe jacking is described and compared with conventional compression rings. It is shown that with the hydraulic joint, thrust eccentricities are largely reduced, resulting in a much more uniform stress profile at the pipe ends and hence a considerably reduced pipe damage potential. Higher jacking forces can be applied (fewer or no intermediate jacking stations are necessary), longer pipes can be used (fewer joints are necessary), smaller radii of curvature are feasible (fewer or no intermediate jacking pits are necessary) and frictional forces are reduced. The measurement of joint displacements and joint liquid pressures permits an effective real-time monitoring of the jacking process. 30 of the 40 pipelines with a total length of 8.2km completed so far had curved alignments. The smallest radius of curvature was 86m using 3m long pipes with an internal diameter of 1.2m . Practical experiences gained with the hydraulic joint are summarized.
High-throughput Synthesis of Lignin Particles (~30 nm to ~2 µm) via Aerosol Flow Reactor: Size Fractionation and Utilization in Pickering Emulsions (2021)

エアロゾルフロー法を用いて，様々な種類のリグニンを前駆体とする，真球状リグニン粒子を高収率かつ高生産的に合成することに成功した。バーナー型のインパクターによって，粒径が約30nmから2μmの範囲で分画された粒子が乾燥状態で得られた。得られたリグニン粒子は，鉱物油または水中における高剪断処理をした後も，形態に変化はなく優れた機械的特性を有しており，様々なアプリケーションにおいて望ましい特性であると言える。また本系のリグニン粒子を水中油滴型（O/W）ピッカリングエマルションの安定化に応用した結果を示す。クラフトリグニン由来のリグニン粒子を用いた場合，粒子濃度がわずか0.1％でも十分に高いエマルション安定化効果を発揮し，オストワルド熟成，合一による相分離の変化は2か月以上の期間，ほとんど観察されなかった。以上の結果は，エアロゾルフロー法によるリグニン粒子は，優れた乳化作用を有し，高いコロイド安定性を与えることを示している。
A New Pigment Concept (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA New Pigment ConceptF. J. Williams and A. R. PitrotCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1948, 40, 10, 1948–1950Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50466a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50466a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views47Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Abstract PR09: EZH2 inhibitors reveal broad EZH2 dependencies in multiple myeloma (2016)

Abstract Histone methyl transferases (HMTs) and demethylases are chromatin modifying enzymes known to play a key role in establishing and maintaining chromatin structure and thereby contributing to the control of gene expression. The histone methyltransferase Enhancer of Zeste Homologue 2 (EZH2) is the catalytic component of the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 and mediates trimethylation of lysine 27 on histone 3 (H3K27me3), which correlates with transcriptional repression. EZH2 has been widely implicated in cancer and inhibition of its catalytic activity recently emerged as a novel therapeutic approach to treat human cancers. Constellation has developed potent, selective and reversible EZH2 small molecule inhibitors that are currently being tested in clinical trials. We have previously reported EZH2 dependencies across non-Hodgkin Lymphoma subtypes, including models harboring both wild-type and mutant EZH2. To identify other cancer types that may rely on EZH2 for survival, we carried out long term growth assays across a 200+ cancer cell line panel. We observed that over 50% of multiple myeloma cell lines show -time and -dose dependent phenotypic response to EZH2 inhibition. Similar to lymphoma, EZH2 inhibitors induce apoptosis after continuous treatment over a longer time period. To understand the underlying molecular consequences of EZH2 inhibition in multiple myeloma, we performed RNA-sequencing and ChIP-sequencing in the absence and presence of the inhibitor. We identified an EZH2-controlled transcriptional signature across various multiple myeloma models and key downstream effectors including CDKN1A in individual models. EZH2 inhibitors such as CPI-169 achieve tumor growth inhibition in several multiple myeloma subcutaneous xenograft models at well tolerated doses, and this impact on tumor growth correlated well with target inhibition. To expand the scope of EZH2 inhibitor application in multiple myeloma, we systematically combined EZH2 inhibitors with standard of care agents, including, lenalidomide, prednisolone, bortezomib and HDAC inhibitors. We observed synergy of EZH2 inhibitors with several of these agents in vitro and in vivo and are currently exploring the molecular basis of these combinatorial effects. In conclusion, we provide ample evidence suggesting multiple myeloma as a disease indication in which EZH2 inhibitors may show clinical benefit as a single agent and in combination with approved therapeutics. Citation Format: Shilpi Arora, Kaylyn Williamson, Srividya Balasubramanian, Jennifer Busby, Shivani Garapaty-Rao, Charlie Hatton, Dhanalakshmi Sivanandhan, Barbara Bryant, Emmanuel Normant, Patrick Trojer. EZH2 inhibitors reveal broad EZH2 dependencies in multiple myeloma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Chromatin and Epigenetics in Cancer; Sep 24-27, 2015; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(2 Suppl):Abstract nr PR09.
A report of the use of the Dynamic Objective Risk Assessment (DORA) score in the changing pediatric intensive care environment (1998)

An outcome scoring system created in one group of PICUs can be applied to patients in another PICU remote from where the scoring system was developed with similar ability to predict outcome.
Singlets lead to photogeneration inC60-based organic heterojunctions (2015)

Two independent and direct measurements of exciton transport in the fullerene ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ unambiguously indicate that singlets are responsible for energy transport and ultimately charge generation in organic photovoltaic cells. The singlet exciton diffusion length, ${L}_{D}$ was measured using fits to the external quantum efficiency of planar heterojunction photovoltaics, and via ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ fluorescence, giving a mean value of $34\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$. Direct measurement of the ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ singlet state transient fluorescence decay gives a lifetime of $590\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}10\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{ps}$, from which we infer a diffusivity of $0.020\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.004\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{c}{\mathrm{m}}^{2}/\mathrm{s}$. This is at least ten times that typical for organics, which we attribute to the spherical symmetry of the ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ molecule that promotes highly efficient exciton transfer. Further, ${L}_{D}$ is used to determine that the ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ energy gap is $18\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}5\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{meV}$ larger than the analogous fullerene ${\mathrm{C}}_{70}$.
Dissociative influence of H 2 O vapour/spray on lean blowoff and NO x reduction for heavily carbonaceous syngas swirling flames (2017)

Recent studies have described and evidenced the enhancement of fundamental combustion parameters such as laminar flame speed due to the catalytic influence of H2O with heavily carbonaceous syngas mixtures. In this study, the potential benefits of these subtle changes in water loading and hence reaction pathways are explored in terms of delayed lean blowoff, and primary emission reduction in a premixed turbulent swirling flame (Ø = 0.6–0.8), scaled for practical relevance. Chemical kinetic models initially confirm that H2O has a substantial impact on the employed fuel behaviour; increasing flame speed by up to 60% across an experimental range representative of fluctuation in atmospheric humidity (∼1.8 mol%). OH* chemiluminescence and OH planar laser induced fluorescence (PLIF) were employed to analyse the changes in heat release structure resulting from the experimental addition of H2O vapour to the combustor. Equivalent concentrations of liquid H2O were introduced into the central recirculation zone of the premixed flame as an atomised spray, to investigate the influence of phase changes on the catalytic effect. Near the lean stability limit, H2O addition compresses heat release to shorten the elongated flame structure. Whereas with a stable and well-defined flame structure, the addition triggers a change in axial heat release location, causing the flame front to retract upstream toward the burner outlet. Higher quantities of two-phase flow were combined to explore the possibility of employing the spray as a stabilising mechanism, effectively dampening the observed influence of humidity. The chemical enhancement induced by the controlled supply was shown to reduce the lean blowoff stability limit, enabling an increase in additional air flow of almost 10%. However, the catalytic effect of H2O diminishes with excessive supply and thermal quenching prevails. There is a compound benefit of NOx reduction from the use of H2O as a flame stabiliser with the practically-relevant syngas: First NOx production decreases due to thermal effect of H2O addition, with potential for further reduction from the change in lean stability limit; leanest experimental concentrations reduced by up to a factor of four with two-phase flow at the highest rates of supply. Hence, the catalytic effect of H2O on reaction pathways and reaction rate predicted and observed in the laminar environment, is shown to translate into practical benefits in the challenging environment of turbulent, swirl-stabilised flames.
Optimisation of Periodic Search Strategies for Electronic Support (2011)

Solutions to the sensor-scheduling problem in electronic support (ES) are central to successful receiver operation. The scenario is examined in which a programmable, frequency-agile receiver is required to monitor a wide bandwidth for threat emitters from a known list. A theory is developed to allow the sweep time of the receiver, together with individual dwell times on each band, to be jointly optimised in order to minimise the intercept time with threat emitters. In theoretical and simulation studies, it is found that improvements of more than 10%, and sometimes much more, can be achieved on maximum and expected intercept times with respect to other periodic and jittered search strategies.
A Particle-Mesh Method for the Modeling of Synchrotron Radiation from Electron Beams (2020)

Coherent and incoherent effects induced by synchrotron radiation, such as the collective beam microbunching instability and phase space diffusion caused by shot-noise in a dispersive beam optics element, are fundamental problems underpinning many of the accelerator design issues in high brightness beam applications and the development of advanced accelerators. To accurately and efficiently model the beam dynamics in the presence of synchrotron radiation, we investigate several existing methods for the calculation of the radiation near fields, including the finite difference method, the Jefimenko method and a near-field method recently validated where a Lagrangian adaptive mesh and a global mesh are employed. <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> This particle mesh method allows radiation propagation on the mesh with a greatly reduced error. We compare the accuracy and efficiency of these methods in both 1D and multi-dimensions, for the steady-state and dynamical beam trajectories, for the radiation field and space charge field, as well as for the coherent field and the incoherent field. We also discuss the multiple levels of parallelisms inherent in this particle mesh framework, which can be implemented on modern computing platforms using MPI, multi-threading, and GPUs.
Scattering and dissociation of H2/D2 at Fe(110) (1993)

The dissociative chemisorption of H2/D2 at an Fe(110) surface has been studied as a function of the translational energy of the incident molecules. The sticking probability shows an activated behaviour, increasing with translational energy, similar to that previously reported1 but with a rather higher dissociation probability. The sticking coefficients for H2 and D2 are the same within experimental error. Seeding experiments at a constant translational energy indicate that adsorption on a clean surface is insensitive to the internal state distribution P(v, J) of the incident molecules, in contrast to measurements reported for the Fe(100) surface. The sticking probability does not depend on the surface temperature and deviates significantly from a normal energy scaling, momentum parallel to the surface inhibiting dissociation. Sticking is dramatically inhibited by low concentrations of adsorbed O and dissociation becomes sensitive to the internal energy of the incident molecules. Under these conditions the scattered flux of H2(v, J) shows a steady change in reflectivity with translational energy, similar to the steady variation in the overall sticking coefficient. There is no sign of any abrupt translational energy threshold for removal of this vibrational level. The sticking on the clean and O precovered surfaces is discussed in the light of the recent results showing the influence of internal energy on dissociation.