gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dielectric property of Globular Protein with hydration shells in water (2003)

Dielectric property of Alka
Laser micromachining and energy field manufacturing (2007)

Micro/nano material processing has become the cornerstone technology for the production of many modern products, and the unique features of laser energy make laser one of the most powerful tools for micro/nano manufacturing. Laser micromachining is flexible and can replicate features with high accuracy, but the manufacturing cost and throughput are normally not competitive enough for mass production. Thus, the optimal engineering solution usually requires integration with other energy fields and other processes. With the case study of a high aspect ratio metal structure, this paper shows the common engineering contradiction between quality and productivity, and highlights the value of new methodologies of process innovation found in Intelligent Energy Field Manufacturing.
LISP MAC-EID-To-RLOC mapping (LISP based L2VPN) (2012)

In today's networking environment most enterprise networks span
multiple physical sites, Live workload mobility is required . LISP MAC
to RLOC mapping provides a scalable solution for L2/L3 Connectivity
across different sites using the currently internet access. It is a
very cost-effective and simple solution that does not request core
network support MPLS. This document provides an overview of this
technology.
Effect of LHRH and Its Analogues on the Progesterone Secretion of Human Granulosa Cells in vitro (1992)

Progesterone secretion of cultured human granulosa cells treated with LHRH or its analogues was measured. Granulosa cells were also stimulated with LH, FSH, cAMP or forskolin. No differences could be observed in the progesterone basal secretion of cultures treated with or without LHRH or its analogues and after the various stimulations. It was concluded that the clinical experience that the sensitivity of ovaries for gonadotropins after LHRH desensitization is decreased could not be explained with the peripheral effects of LHRH on the granulosa cells. From the data obtained, the lack of LHRH receptors in the ovaries are suggested in humans.
Fast Key-Word Searching via Embedding and Active-DTW (2011)

In this paper we present a novel approach for fast search of handwritten Arabic word-parts within large lexicons. The algorithm runs through three steps to achieve the required results. First it warps multiple appearances of each word-part in the lexicon for embedding into the same euclidean space. The embedding is done based on the warping path produced by the Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) process while calculating the similarity distance. In the next step, all samples of different word-parts are resampled uniformly to the same size. The kd-tree structure is used to store all shapes representing word parts in the lexicon. Fast approximation of k-nearest neighbors generates a short list of candidates to be presented to the next step. In the third step, the Active-DTW [15] algorithm is used to examine each sample in the short list and give final accurate results. We demonstrate our method on a database of 23,500 images of word-parts extracted from the IFN/ENIT database [6] and 22,000 images collected from 93 writers. Our method achieves a speedup of 5 orders of magnitude over the exact method, at the cost of only a 3.8% reduction in accuracy.
Coupled Surface-Acoustic-Wave Resonators (1977)

Coupled Surface-Acoustic-Wave (saw) grating resonators are investigated analytically with a transmission-matrix technique, and the measured frequency responses at ∼145 MHz of devices on YZ-LiNbO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> with Ti-diffused gratings are compared with the theoretical results. Coupled-mode theory is applied to derive the two-by-two transmission matrix relating the acoustic wave amplitudes at the input and output of a surface wave grating. Using the transmission matrices, the external transmission through a saw resonator is found by matrix multiplication. Some fundamental aspects of resonator passband synthesis are introduced by considering the transmission through several acoustically cascaded resonators. Resonator filters where the transducers couple directly to the resonant cavities are treated by developing a description of the transducer that is compatible with the transmission matrix of the grating. The analysis technique is then applied to the familiar two-port resonator-filter. Next, coupled resonator-pairs with a transducer in each cavity are considered in detail for: (i) collinear acoustic coupling, (ii) multistrip coupling, and (iii) transducer coupling. Experimental results are presented for each configuration considered and good agreement with the analytical description is found in each case.
Covalent cofactor binding to flavoenzymes requires specific effectors (1989)

Modification by covalent FAD attachment to a histidine residue via an 8 alpha-(N3-histidyl)-riboflavin linkage occurs in several flavoenzymes. Among them is 6-hydroxy-D-nicotine oxidase (6-HDNO) of Arthrobacter oxidans and the flavoprotein subunits of the fumarate reductase and succinate dehydrogenase complex of Escherichia coli and other bacterial and eukaryotic cells. We found that 6-HDNO holoenzyme formation from apo-6-HDNO, monitored by [14C]FAD incorporation and increase in enzyme activity, can be mediated not only by phosphoenolpyruvate [Nagursky, H., Bichler, V. and Brandsch, R. (1988) Eur. J. Biochem. 177, 319-325], but also by one of the glycolytic intermediates glyceraldehyde-3-P, glycerate-3-P, or the intermediate in glycerol utilization by bacteria, glycerol-3-P. Apoflavoprotein of fumarate reductase and succinate dehydrogenase was obtained in an E. coli riboflavin-requiring strain (E. coli RR28rf) overexpressing the frdABCD or the sdhCDAB operon from the recombinant plasmids pGS39 and pGS141, respectively. In extracts obtained from these cells, flavoprotein flavinylation, analyzed as covalent [14C]FAD incorporation into the apoflavoprotein polypeptide by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and fluorography, was stimulated severalfold by the citric acid cycle intermediates citrate, isocitrate, succinate and fumarate. Our results suggest that covalent modification and thus activation of these enzymes is dependent on specific metabolic intermediates which may act as allosteric effectors in the reaction.
Sequential Labeling Using Deep-Structured Conditional Random Fields (2010)

We develop and present the deep-structured conditional random field (CRF), a multi-layer CRF model in which each higher layer's input observation sequence consists of the previous layer's observation sequence and the resulted frame-level marginal probabilities. Such a structure can closely approximate the long-range state dependency using only linear-chain or zeroth-order CRFs by constructing features on the previous layer's output (belief). Although the final layer is trained to maximize the log-likelihood of the state (label) sequence, each lower layer is optimized by maximizing the frame-level marginal probabilities. In this deep-structured CRF, both parameter estimation and state sequence inference are carried out efficiently layer-by-layer from bottom to top. We evaluate the deep-structured CRF on two natural language processing tasks: search query tagging and advertisement field segmentation. The experimental results demonstrate that the deep-structured CRF achieves word labeling accuracies that are significantly higher than the best results reported on these tasks using the same labeled training set.
Size of age-0 crappies (Pomoxisspp.) relative to reservoir habitats and water levels (2014)

Variable year-class strength is common in crappie Pomoxis spp. populations in many reservoirs, yet the mechanisms behind this variability are poorly understood. Size-dependent mortality of age-0 fishes has long been recognized in the population ecology literature; however, investigations about the effects of environmental factors on age-0 crappie size are lacking. The objective of this study was to determine if differences existed in total length of age-0 crappies between embayment and floodplain habitats in reservoirs, while accounting for potential confounding effects of water level and crappie species. To this end, we examined size of age-0 crappies in four flood-control reservoirs in northwest Mississippi over 4 years. Age-0 crappies inhabiting uplake floodplain habitats grew to a larger size than fish in downlake embayments, but this trend depended on species, length of time a reservoir was dewatered in the months preceding spawning, and reservoir water level in the months following spawning. The results from our study indicate that water-level management may focus not only on allowing access to quality nursery habitat, but that alternating water levels on a multiyear schedule could increase the quality of degraded littoral habitats.
Individual Query Cardinality Estimation using Multiple Query Combinations on a Search Engine's Corpus (2017)

Most modern search engines feature keyword based search interfaces. These interfaces are usually found on websites belonging to enterprises or governments or sites related to news articles, blogs and social media that contain a large corpus of documents. These collections of documents are not easily indexed by web search engines, and are considered as hidden web databases. These databases provide opportunities for data analysis for many third-parties through their keyword search interfaces. A significant amount of research has already been carried out on analyzing and extracting aggregate information about these hidden document corpora. But most of these research focus on the high level big-picture information of the database. Not enough focus has been done on extracting analytical information which is specific to individual queries. This paper focuses on that analysis gap and takes ideas from other existing research to formulate a query cardinality estimation technique i.e. the count of documents matching a query in the document corpus of a search engine. We experimentally assess the effectiveness of our method by building a search engine on the Reuters-21578 document corpus. For a given keyword the corresponding documents' count is estimated only by sending search queries using the interface.
Use of dynamic compression to probe semiconductor response at large strains (2013)

Abstract Large strains in semiconductors are expected to be more common in future electronic devices utilizing nanostructure components. Hydrostatic pressure (HP) and uniaxial stress (US) loading have inherent limitations for probing the desired strain conditions. Uniaxial strain loading, achieved in dynamic compression experiments, is particularly attractive for attaining well‐defined, large strains and to complement HP and US loading. Recent dynamic compression studies on III–V semiconductors (GaN, GaP, and GaAs) are summarized to review notable findings ranging from improved deformation potentials to free carrier properties. These findings demonstrate the benefits of dynamic compression experiments for semiconductor research.
[Contribution of computed tomography in the staging of upper urinary tract urothelial tumors. Importance of the tumor diameter measurement]. (1997)

CT is still imprecise for the staging of UUTT, as it cannot distinguish between Ta, T1 and T2 lesions, and is still not sufficiently reliable in the assessment of invasion of the periurothelial fat or of the renal parenchyma. CT measurement of the diameter of pyelocaliceal tumours can provide an argument in favour of the superficial nature of the lesion and therefore guide the therapeutic decision towards a conservative approach.
Influence of microinjections of D,L-homocysteic acid into the Botzinger complex area on the cough reflex in the cat. (2008)

Microinjections of D,L-homocysteic acid (DLH) were used to test the hypothesis that neuronal activation within the Botzinger complex area can modify the spatiotemporal characteristics of the cough reflex in 17 spontaneously breathing pentobarbitone anesthetized cats. DLH (50 mM, 1.25-1.75 nmol, 9 cats) reduced the number (P<0.01) of coughs and expiratory amplitude of abdominal electromyographic activity (P<0.01), and also esophageal pressure (P<0.001) during mechanically induced tracheobronchial cough. The duration of cough abdominal activity was shortened by 48% (P<0.05). DLH microinjections also temporarily reduced the respiratory rate (P<0.01) and increased the mean arterial blood pressure (P<0.001), baseline of esophageal pressure (P<0.01), and end tidal CO(2) concentrations (P<0.01). Lower doses of DLH (0.27-0.35 nmol, 7 cats) or vehicle (25-35 nl, 8 cats) induced few alterations in cardiorespiratory or cough characteristics. The results support predominantly inhibitory effects of neurons in the region of the Bötzinger complex on cough abdominal activity and cough number.
The Efficacy of Anterior Cervical Plating in the Management of Symptomatic Pseudoarthrosis of the Cervical Spine (1999)

Patients in whom symptomatic cervical pseudoarthrosis develops after cervical anterior discectomy and fusion may be managed successfully with anterior resection of the pseudoarthrosis, autogenous bone grafting, and an anterior cervical plate. Successful clinical results regarding return to work status and general satisfaction with the surgical procedure depend not only on obtaining a successful radiographic fusion, but also on patient selection.
IPOL: Reviewed publication and public testing of research software (2012)

With the journal Image Processing On Line (IPOL), we propose to promote software to the status of regular research material and subject it to the same treatment as research papers: it must be reviewed, it must be reusable and verifiable by the research community, it must follow style and quality guidelines. In IPOL, algorithms are published with their implementation, codes are peer-reviewed, and a web-based test interface is attached to each of these articles. This results in more software released by the researchers, a better software quality achieved with the review process, and a large collection of test data gathered for each article. IPOL has been active since 2010, and has already published thirty articles.
Large-Scale Visual Font Recognition (2014)

This paper addresses the large-scale visual font recognition (VFR) problem, which aims at automatic identification of the typeface, weight, and slope of the text in an image or photo without any knowledge of content. Although visual font recognition has many practical applications, it has largely been neglected by the vision community. To address the VFR problem, we construct a large-scale dataset containing 2,420 font classes, which easily exceeds the scale of most image categorization datasets in computer vision. As font recognition is inherently dynamic and open-ended, i.e., new classes and data for existing categories are constantly added to the database over time, we propose a scalable solution based on the nearest class mean classifier (NCM). The core algorithm is built on local feature embedding, local feature metric learning and max-margin template selection, which is naturally amenable to NCM and thus to such open-ended classification problems. The new algorithm can generalize to new classes and new data at little added cost. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our approach is very effective on our synthetic test images, and achieves promising results on real world test images.
In Vitro Release of Endogenous Dopamine from the Striatum of the Weaver Mutant Mouse (1991)

The weaver mutant mouse has a genetically determined defect in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system. The present study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that in the weaver mutant mouse, striatal nerve terminals undergo compensatory changes in response to this deficiency. To test this hypothesis, we studied the basal and stimulated release of dopamine from striatal slices of weaver mutant mice and matched controls. By using a superfusion system and concentrating the superfusate by passage over alumina, resting dopamine release could be determined in the weaver mutant despite the fact that striatal tissue content of dopamine in these mice is reduced by greater than 75% compared with control mice. Fractional resting release of dopamine in weaver striatal slices was significantly elevated compared with that in controls, suggesting that the release mechanisms in the weaver may be adapting to overcome the dopamine deficit. Potassium-evoked release (24 and 48 mM potassium) was not significantly different between the two genotypes. In contrast, amphetamine-evoked release (1 microM) was significantly greater in the weaver mice than in controls. In both genotypes, release evoked by amphetamine was completely inhibited by cocaine, implicating the dopamine uptake carrier in this release process. These findings suggest that fundamental differences in dopamine release mechanisms exist between weaver and control mice and support the hypothesis that compensatory mechanisms may develop in neurons in response to dopamine deficits.
Evolution of Dual Fuel Pressure Pumping for Fracturing: Methods, Economics, Field Trial Results and Improvements in Availability of Fuel (2013)

Abstract The displacement of a significant amount of diesel fuel with natural gas during large scale fracturing and drilling developments can be economically feasible in many cases with minor modifications to most diesel engines using dual fuel technology. Dual fuel describes the combination of a pressure and volume regulated stream of natural gas flowing through the engine intake and mixing with a reduced amount of injected diesel fuel in the engine to create power output that is nearly indistinguishable from using straight diesel fuel in high pressure fracturing pumps and other support equipment. Combining diesel fuel and natural gas in a dual fuel system reduces emissions of NOx, SOx, CO2, VOCs and particulates. Diesel fuel volume has been reduced by as much as 1,575 gallons per frac stage in field testing (63% of total fuel). Engine modification is with primarily bolt-on aftermarket and factory kits. Fuel savings vary depending on price and availability of the natural gas fuel source: LNG (liquid form) from existing liquefaction and/or storage infrastructure or CNG (gaseous form) from local distribution companies (LDC), and/or field gas or distribution gas pipeline systems. Learnings presented from field trials include a case history of frac jobs using CNG, LNG and other gas supply. Economic data is presented on the overall process. Recognition that availability of adequate CNG and LNG fuel supplies may be limiting expanded implementation of dual fuel technologies has prompted us to consider methods of making both fuel supplies more available to other industrial segments as well as the oil and gas industry.
Arylation of Allyl Alcohols in Organic and Aqueous Media Catalyzed by Oxime‐Derived Palladacycles: Synthesis of β‐Arylated Carbonyl Compounds (2007)

Abstract A 4‐hydroxyacetophenone oxime‐derived palladacycle catalyzes the Mizoroki–Heck reaction of allyl alcohols with aryl iodides, bromides, and chlorides in aqueous and organic solvents. The reaction takes place in the presence of dicyclohexylmethylamine or cesium carbonate as bases, the addition of tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) as additive for aryl bromides and chlorides being necessary. Under these reaction conditions, β‐arylated aldehydes and ketones are mainly obtained using a rather low loading of palladium (0.1–1 mol %). Similar catalytic activity is shown by a Kaiser oxime resin‐derived palladacycle, which allows one to perform recycling and reusing experiments with low Pd leaching. The high regio‐ and chemoselectivity observed supported that these palladacycles, working as a source of Pd(0) species, operates mainly through a neutral mechanism. This methodology has been applied to the synthesis of important β‐arylated carbonyl compounds, such as 4‐phenylbutan‐2‐one, 4‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)butan‐2‐one, dihydrochalcones, the anti‐inflamatory nabumetone, and the fragance β‐lilial ® . γ‐Arylation is observed in the reactions of allyl alcohol and but‐3‐en‐2‐ol with 2‐iodoaniline giving mainly the corresponding quinolines. The same tendency is observed in the case of 1,1‐dimethylallyl alcohol affording either γ‐arylated alcohols or ( E )‐1‐arylisoprenes.
Scheduling of Vehicles from a Central Depot to a Number of Delivery Points (1964)

The optimum routing of a fleet of trucks of varying capacities from a central depot to a number of delivery points may require a selection from a very large number of possible routes, if the number of delivery points is also large. This paper, after considering certain theoretical aspects of the problem, develops an iterative procedure that enables the rapid selection of an optimum or near-optimum route. It has been programmed for a digital computer but is also suitable for hand computation.
Simulation of Crack Propagation Process in Particle-Dispersed Composites (1996)

Crack path is simulated in particle-dispersed composites along with the related variation of fracture resistance with crack extension. The direction of crack propagation is influenced by the geometrical crack shape and residual stresses due to thermal expansion mismatch between particle and matrix. The direction is determined by the criterion of maximum energy release rate at crack tip. The simulation is conducted on the SiC matrix composites dispersed with Al2O3 particles, where the composites are assumed to be elastically isotropic. Due to the higher thermal expansion of Al2O3 particles, residual tensile stresses in the radial direction of the particles are generated within the matrix, and cracks propagating near the particles have a tendency to be repelled. The fracture resistance increases with crack extension when the crack approaches the particle, and decreases when propagates in the tensile stress fields around the particle. The entire fracture resistance in the composites of 10 vol. % particles shows a lower value than that of matrices, due to the interaction with the residual tensile stresses in the radial direction of the particles.
THE CLADDING OF ZIRCONIUM (1951)

Zirconium was roll clad with nickel, monel, inconel, titanium, and an 18-8 stainless steel.With the exception of titanium, all of these metals formed compounds at the zirconium interface and the resulting bonds had poor mechanical properties.The titanium-zirconium bond had good strength and ductility and showed no tendency to crack during thermal cycling.Sandwich-type diffusion couples of zirconium with copper, molybdenum, platinum, silver, and tantalum indicated that all of these metals formed hard, brittle diffusion products with zirconium.
Cost effectiveness of a government supported policy strategy to decrease sodium intake: global analysis across 183 nations (2017)

A government "soft regulation" strategy combining targeted industry agreements and public education to reduce dietary sodium is projected to be highly cost effective worldwide, even without accounting for potential healthcare savings.
ChemInform Abstract: Photolysis of Cubyl Iodides: Access to the Cubyl Cation. (1989)

Abstract Photolysis of 1,4‐diiodocubane (I) in methanol (II) at 254 nm results in displacement of one or both iodine atoms, forming 4‐methoxyiodocubane (III) and 1,4‐dimethoxycubane (IV).
New equipment optimized for emulsified vaccine prepation in the hospital (2013)

Meeting abstracts Developing stable formulations is generally a common target to obtain efficacious emulsified vaccines. Process used to perform water in oil (W/O) emulsions are not all equivalent regarding vaccines physico-chemical parameters. Equipment generally used to realise emulsified