gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Examining the Relationship Between Bone Mineral Density and Fracture Risk Reduction During Pharmacologic Treatment of Osteoporosis (2006)

Osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder characterized by compromised bone strength that predisposes the patient to an increased risk for fracture. Elements of bone strength include bone mineralization, architecture, turnover, size, and bone mineral density (BMD). Measurement of BMD is the most readily available, noninvasive method for assessing osteoporotic fracture risk and is used by the World Health Organization for diagnostic purposes. Because low BMD is predictive of increased fracture risk, it was believed that changes in BMD during pharmacologic therapy for osteoporosis would strongly predict observed fracture risk reductions. We examined the relationship between changes in BMD and reduction in fracture risk during pharmacologic therapy in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. The correlation between BMD increases and fracture risk reduction during treatment is not consistent; larger increases in BMD do not necessarily correlate with greater reductions in fracture risk. Multiple factors, in addition to BMD, appear to contribute to the increased bone strength and decreased fracture risk achieved with approved drug therapies for osteoporosis. Until the exact relationship of these factors is fully understood, clinicians should continue to evaluate drug efficacy for osteoporosis based on the fracture risk reductions from well-designed clinical trials.
Spoligotype Database of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Biogeographic Distribution of Shared Types and Epidemiologic and Phylogenetic Perspectives (2001)

We give an update on the worldwide spoligotype database, which now contains 3,319 spoligotype patterns of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in 47 countries, with 259 shared types, i.e., identical spoligotypes shared by two or more patient isolates. The 259 shared types contained a total of 2,779 (84%) of all the isolates. Seven major genetic groups represented 37% of all clustered isolates. Two types (119 and 137) were found almost exclusively in the USA and accounted for 9% of clustered isolates. The remaining 1,517 isolates were scattered into 252 different spoligotypes. This database constitutes a tool for pattern comparison of M. tuberculosis clinical isolates for global epidemiologic studies and phylogenetic purposes.
Fabrication influences on a miniaturised stokes polarimeter consisting of stacked nano-optical wire grid polarizer and retarders (2022)

The polarization properties of light can be fully controlled with nano-optical wire grid polarizers and artificial birefringent grating structures. We demonstrate an integrated polarimeter based on stacked layers of such elements. However, the optical performance of such elements is fundamentally limited and may be further altered by deviations arising from the fabrication processes. In this contribution we investigate the influences on the polarimetry performance for such a device.
Astaxanthin prevents against lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury and sepsis via inhibiting activation of MAPK/NF-κB. (2019)

ASX exerts impressively protective effects on LPS-induced injury <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. Taken together, it might be used as a potential candidate for clinical sepsis.
Combined α2 and D2/3 receptor blockade enhances cortical glutamatergic transmission and reverses cognitive impairment in the rat (2005)

The alpha(2) adrenoceptor antagonist idazoxan enhances antipsychotic efficacy of classical dopamine D(2) antagonists in treatment-resistant schizophrenia. The mechanisms are not fully understood, but we have previously shown that the combination of idazoxan with the D(2/3) receptor antagonist raclopride, similarly to clozapine but not classical antipsychotic drugs, augments dopamine efflux in the prefrontal cortex, and also generates an enhanced suppression of the conditioned avoidance response. We have now investigated the effects of clozapine, raclopride, idazoxan and the combination of raclopride and idazoxan on (i) electrically evoked excitatory post-synaptic potentials and currents in pyramidal cells of the rat medial prefrontal cortex, using intracellular electrophysiological recording in vitro, (ii) the impaired cognitive function induced by the selective N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist MK-801, using the 8-arm radial maze test, (iii) the in-vivo D2, alpha(2A) and alpha(2C) receptor occupancies of these pharmacological treatments, using ex-vivo autoradiography. Whereas neither idazoxan nor raclopride alone had any effect, the combination exerted the same facilitation of glutamatergic transmission in rat prefrontal pyramidal neurons as clozapine, and this effect was found to be mediated by dopamine acting at D(1) receptors. Similarly to clozapine, the combination of idazoxan and raclopride also completely reversed the working-memory impairment in rats induced by MK-801. Moreover, these effects of the two treatment regimes were obtained at similar occupancies at D(2), alpha(2A) and alpha(2C) receptors respectively. Our results provide novel neurobiological and behavioural support for a pro-cognitive effect of adjunctive use of idazoxan with antipsychotic drugs that lack appreciable alpha(2) adrenoceptor-blocking properties, and define presynaptic alpha(2) adrenoceptors as major targets in antipsychotic drug development.
Treatment of atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia by cryoablation with a 6 mm-tip catheter vs. radiofrequency ablation (2009)

Compared with RF ablation, CRYO with 6 mm-tip catheter for treating AVNRT results in higher recurrence and potentially lower incidence of permanent AVB. Fluoroscopy time has been shown to be reduced by CRYO.
A Promising Orange-Red Phosphor Under Near UV Excitation (2006)

Investigation of photoluminescence of -doped double perovskites with the formula (A=Sr, Ba) revealed that the electric dipole transition is present when is doped at the noncentrosymmetric Sr site vis-a-vis substitution at the centrosymmetric Ca site. Strong CT band absorption was observed in both series of compounds in the near ultraviolet region. Commission Internationale de I'Eclairage chromaticity coordinates indicate that -doped compounds are potential orange-red emitting phosphors, whose emission intensity is 1.5 times that of commercial phosphor for white LEDs based on NUV GaN based LEDs.
Omicron Breakthrough Infection After Heterologous Prime-Boost Vaccination Induces a Vigorous Antibody Response (2022)

Infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant is usually asymptomatic or mild and appears to be poorly immunogenic at least in unvaccinated individuals. Here, we found that health care workers vaccinated with 2 doses of Sputnik V and a booster dose of ChAdOx1 mount a vigorous neutralizing-antibody response after Omicron breakthrough infection.
Three A's of repopulation during fractionated irradiation of squamous epithelia: Asymmetry loss, Acceleration of stem-cell divisions and Abortive divisions (1997)

If the stem-cell concept is accepted, changes in residual tissue tolerance must be based on net production of stem cells. For this, normal asymmetrical stem-cell divisions that render equal numbers of stem cells and differentiating daughters, must turn into symmetrical divisions with the production of two stem cells. Furthermore, the rate of change in residual tolerance indicates that the stem-cell proliferation rate is increased. In addition to these changes in the stem-cell proliferation pattern, a limited number of divisions by sterilized cells contributes to overall cell production and maintenance of tissue function. A valid model of repopulation in squamous epithelia hence must be based on three distinct mechanisms summarized as the three A's: Asymmetry loss, Acceleration of stem-cell divisions, and Abortive divisions.
Enhanced hippocampal noradrenaline and serotonin release in galanin-overexpressing mice after repeated forced swimming test (2003)

Basal and forced swimming (FS) stress-induced release of noradrenaline (NA) and serotonin (5-HT) were determined by in vivo microdialysis in the ventral hippocampus of mice overexpressing galanin under the platelet-derived growth factor B promoter (GalOE/P) or under the dopamine beta-hydroxylase promoter (GalOE/D) (only NA). WT mice served as controls. Intraventricular infusion of galanin significantly reduced basal extracellular NA in WT mice and in GalOE/P mice (albeit less so). Microdialysis sampling during a 10-min FS showed that NA and 5-HT release were elevated to 213% and 156%, respectively, in the GalOE/P group, whereas in the WT group the increases were only 127% and 119%, respectively. The second (repeated) 10-min FS (RFS) caused a marked enhancement of NA and 5-HT release in the GalOE/P mice to 344% and 275%, respectively. However, the RFS caused only a 192% increase of extracellular NA levels in the GalOE/D mice. Pretreatment with the putative peptidergic galanin receptor antagonist M35 almost completely blocked the elevation of NA and 5-HT levels in the GalOE/P after RFS. These results suggest that the NA and 5-HT hippocampal afferents in GalOE/P mice are hypersensitive to both conditioned and unconditioned stressful stimuli, such as FS, and that this effect is mediated by galanin receptors. The present findings support a role of galanin in the regulation of release of NA and 5-HT, two neurotransmitters involved in mood control.
Intraspecific variation in Encrinurus ornatus (1961)

A local population of E. ornatus, represented by samples of 450 pygidia from shales and 450 from the carbonate interbeds, in a 1-1/2 ft. interval in the upper Lockport Dolomite at Hamilton, Ontario, is described: details include glabellar formula based on 25 cranidia. The first 3 axial tubercles of the pygidium occur at intervals of 4 rings or 3. The numbers of pygidia, with intervals from the first to third tubercles of 8, 7, and 6 rings respectively, closely approximate a binomial in each sample of 450, but the frequencies of different types of tubercle spacing differ significantly between carbonates and shales: tubercles tend to be more closely spaced in the carbonates. The facts are interpreted as evidence of: 1) operation of the Hardy-Weinberg law of genetics: the random distribution of genetically-controlled features indicate that these trilobites were either actually or potentially interbreeding: a corollary is that, although dimorphism has not been recognized, reproduction was necessarily sexual; 2) the conditioning influence of environment: the closer spacing of tubercles in carbonates suggests that they were neither tactile nor luminous but light-controlled, probably light-sensitive organs.
Fusion Research of Remote Sensing Image Based on Compressive Sensing (2013)

Compressive Sensing provides a new method of signal processing, when the image signal is sparse or can be com-pressed, it is possible to substantially lower than the Nyquist sampling rate, the sampling mode of the image signal is sampled, and by recovery algorithms to restore the image signal. This theory can greatly reduce the amount of data calculated in the storage, processing and transmission of the image signal. Based on this theory, the paper presents the method of remote sensing image fusion in compressed sensing domain. Firstly, the image for fast Fourier transform and measurement sampling, namely to obtain the compressed perception domain data, and then using the weighted data fusion, the final fused image is obtained by solving the optimization problem of the reconstructed image. Through the experimental proved that, this fusion method deal less data but fusion effect good.
Employing ∼100% Excitons in OLEDs by Utilizing a Fluorescent Molecule with Hybridized Local and Charge‐Transfer Excited State (2013)

In principle, the ratio (Φ) of the maximum quantum efficiencies for electroluminescence (EL) to photoluminescence (PL) can be expected to approach unity, if the exciton (bound electron–hole pair) generated from the recombination of injected electrons and holes in OLEDs has a sufficiently weak binding energy. However, seldom are examples of Φ &gt; 25% reported in OLEDs because of the strongly bound excitons for most organic semiconductors in nature. Here, a twisting donor–acceptor triphenylamine‐thiadiazol molecule (TPA‐NZP) exhibits fluorescent emission through a hybridized local and charge‐transfer excited state (HLCT), which is demonstrated from both fluorescent solvatochromic experiment and quantum chemical calculations. The HLCT state possesses two combined and compatible characteristics: a large transition moment from a local excited (LE) state and a weakly bound exciton from a charge transfer (CT) state. The former contributes to a high‐efficiency radiation of fluorescence, while the latter is responsible for the generation of a high fraction of singlet excitons. Using TPA‐NZP as the light‐emitting layer in an OLED, high Φ values of 93% (at low brightness) and 50% (at high brightness) are achieved, reflecting sufficient employment of the excitons in the OLED. Characterization of the EL device shows a saturated deep‐red emission with CIE coordinates of (0.67, 0.32), accompanied by a rather excellent performance with a maximum luminance of 4574 cd m −2 and a maximum external quantum efficiency (η ext ) of ∼2.8%. The HLCT state is a new way to realize high‐efficiency of EL devices.
Telemedicine Technology and Applications for Home Hemodialysis (1999)

Home hemodialysis (HD) for the treatment of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) was first put into practice about 30 years ago. In this paper we describe the application of telematics monitoring services (TMS) for supporting patients who need home or satellite HD (SHD). For the clinical trials two modified HD machines were located in the renal unit and a central control station (UNIX workstation with multimedia PC-terminal) was located in another room of the hospital. Bi-directional communication between modified HD machines and central control station was managed via ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) links. Using these HD-machines 150 HD sessions were performed in nine patients over a period of five months. This system enabled on-line remote supervision of the HD machine-related functions (air in the blood, leak of blood, low conductivity etc.) and the clinical condition of patients through measurement of blood pressure (BP), pulse rate, PO2 (pulse oxymetry) and electrocardiogram (ECG) from the central control station (CCS). The user checked the type of alarm/warning, its appearance on HD machines and multimedia terminal units (MTU), the action of the protective system and the appearance of consultative messages from CCS on the remote terminal unit RTU. According to the data collected, the disturbances of HD machine function were visible and audible in the CCS and the user messages were always observed on the RTU. No unusual dialysis-associated complications were observed, all data and alarms/warnings were transmitted correctly and patients had adequate HD treatment.
Designing A Clinically Applicable Deep Recurrent Model to Identify Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in People Living with Dementia Using In-Home Monitoring Data (2021)

Agitation is one of the neuropsychiatric symptoms with high prevalence in dementia which can negatively impact the Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and the independence of individuals. Detecting agitation episodes can assist in providing People Living with Dementia (PLWD) with early and timely interventions. Analysing agitation episodes will also help identify modifiable factors such as ambient temperature and sleep as possible components causing agitation in an individual. This preliminary study presents a supervised learning model to analyse the risk of agitation in PLWD using in-home monitoring data. The in-home monitoring data includes motion sensors, physiological measurements, and the use of kitchen appliances from 46 homes of PLWD between April 2019-June 2021. We apply a recurrent deep learning model to identify agitation episodes validated and recorded by a clinical monitoring team. We present the experiments to assess the efficacy of the proposed model. The proposed model achieves an average of 79.78% recall, 27.66% precision and 37.64% F1 scores when employing the optimal parameters, suggesting a good ability to recognise agitation events. We also discuss using machine learning models for analysing the behavioural patterns using continuous monitoring data and explore clinical applicability and the choices between sensitivity and specificity in-home monitoring applications.
Wideband and high-efficiency radiation from chip with artificial dielectric superstrates (2016)

We present an approach to realize wideband and low-loss antennas and antenna arrays on chip. The radiators are loaded with an artificial dielectric superstrate to improve the bandwidth and the overall efficiency. An example of design is proposed, consisting of an array of connected-dipole elements operating in a frequency band around 300 GHz. The antenna elements are located in the close proximity of a metal plane that functions as a shield from the lossy silicon substrate. Although the distance from the ground plane is only one fortieth of the wavelength, a bandwidth of 15% is achieved by loading the antenna with an artificial dielectric superstrate with high equivalent permittivity. The artificial dielectric does not support surface waves as a real dielectric, due to its anisotropic property. Consequently, remarkably high efficiency can be achieved with this radiation concept (>60% from simulation).
can research prove that GOD ANSWERS PRAYER? (1995)

“It is asserted by some that men possess the faculty of obtaining results over which they have little or no direct personal control, by means of devout and earnest prayer, while others doubt the truth of this assertion. The question regards a matter of fact, that has to be determined by observation and not by an authority; and it is one that appears to be a very suitable topic for statistical inquiry…. Are prayers answered or are they not? … Do sick persons who pray, or are prayed for, recover on the average more rapidly than others?” (Francis Galton, 1883)1
Body fat percentage and CRP correlates with a composite score of vascular risk markers in healthy, young adults - The Lifestyle, Biomarkers, and Atherosclerosis (LBA) study (2020)

A VSS calculation, which integrates PWV, cIMT, and AIX measurements is better suited for cardiovascular risk evaluation in young adults than cluster analyses. The independent associations of VSS with body fat percentage and CRP highlight the decisive role of adiposity and systemic inflammation in early atherosclerotic progression and suggests a subordinate role of insulin and lipid metabolism in this age span.
Solid‐State NMR Spectroscopic Study of Coordination Compounds of XeF2 with Metal Cations and the Crystal Structure of [Ba(XeF2)5][AsF6]2. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Revised Measure of Environmental Qualities of Activity Settings (MEQAS) for youth leisure and life skills activity settings (2015)

The MEQAS-48 more completely reflects the original conceptualization of the measure's content than does the MEQAS-32. Findings suggest the increased utility of the measure due to broader coverage of environmental qualities. The MEQAS-48 can be used to assess environmental qualities for research, program design, and clinical practice. Implications for Rehabilitation The MEQAS is the first observer-completed measure of environmental qualities of activity settings. Compared to the MEQAS-32, the MEQAS-48 captures a broader range of important environmental qualities, including comfortable place-related qualities, and opportunities for privacy/relaxation, peer interaction, and cooperative group activity. The MEQAS-48 has clinical utility for use in program design and development, and research utility for understanding environmental qualities.
P1‐486: Decreased neuronal activity in APP transgenic mice measured via dendritic protein synthesis (2008)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by numerous pathological abnormalities such as β-amyloid deposition and neuronal alterations. We reported previously that spine stability is impaired and neuritic trajectories are disrupted in the vicinity of amyloid plaques (Spires et al., 2007); however, it still remains unclear how this impacts neuronal function. To address this question, we used a neuronal activity reporter in which the coding sequence of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) is flanked by the 5' and 3' untranslated regions from CAMKIIα (Aakalu et al., 2001). This reporter takes advantage of the fact that CAMKIIα mRNA is transported to the dendrite and locally translated in an activity dependent manner. We have substituted EGFP with Venus so that myr-Venus appears at the sites of activation when the neuron is activated. When transfected primary neurons were stimulated with brain derived nerve growth factor (BDNF) via application to the media, fluorescent intensity increased primarily in the dendrites. A CAMKIIα Venus adeno associated virus (AAV) was generated and stereotactically injected into the cortex of plaque bearing APP transgenic and wildtype mice. After 3 weeks, half of the mice explored a novel enriched environment before they were sacrificed and the brains analyzed postmortem. Using CAMKIIα Venus AAV, we studied neuronal activity in adult mice. Overall fluorescent intensity and therefore neuronal activity was decreased in neurons of B6C3 transgenic mice when compared to wildtype mice. After exposure to enriched environment, wildtype mice showed a significant increase in fluorescence, especially in neurites, as expected. In contrast, Venus fluorescent intensity in the vicinity of amyloid-β plaques remained unaltered after environmental enrichment. Taken together our data indicate that neuronal activity in the vicinity of a plaque in APP transgenic mice is decreased when compared to wildtype mice and exposure to a novel environment does not result in increased neuronal activity suggesting that dendritic segments around a plaque have diminished functional response to environmental stimulation.