gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Using Trace Elements in Pectoral Fin Rays to Assess Life History Movements in Sturgeon: Estimating Age at Initial Seawater Entry in Klamath River Green Sturgeon (2009)

Abstract To investigate the timing of the initial entry of green sturgeon Acipenser medirostris into seawater, we examined the ratios of strontium and barium to calcium in pectoral fin rays via laser ablation‐inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry. In a reference group of six hatchery fish that was reared 1‐2 years in freshwater and 1‐3 years in seawater, we found a significant increase in the Sr:Ca ratio, a decrease in the Ba:Ca ratio, and an increase in the Sr:Ba ratio in calcified growth zones during the transition from freshwater to seawater. In 10 wild adults captured in the Klamath River, California, combined evaluation of the Sr:Ca and Ba:Ca ratios provided a clearer understanding of fish movements than the Sr:Ba ratio, probably because wild fish have a more complex life history. The Ba:Ca ratio dropped significantly between growth zones 1 and 2 (ages 0.5‐1.5), indicating a transition into saline waters, such as the Klamath River estuary. The Sr:Ca ratio increased slightly in the same location but attained the values found in reference fish held in seawater between growth zones 3 and 4 (ages 2.5‐3.5). The Sr:Ca, Ba:Ca, and Sr:Ba ratios in growth zones 4‐6 (ages 4.5‐6.5) of wild fish were similar to those found in reference fish held in seawater and corroborated the results of previous physiological studies as well as the limited field data. These results demonstrate the usefulness of trace element analyses of green sturgeon pectoral fin rays and confirm an early age of entry into seawater for this species.
Synthesis and organic-inorganic interface of colloidal lead chalcogenide nanocrystals (2013)

C nanocrystals (NC) are very promising building blocks for materials with designed functions due to their wide and easy tunability of catalytic, electronic, and optical properties by adjusting the NC composition, shape and size1. The chemistry of organic/inorganic interface in colloidal NC plays an essential role in the synthesis and growth, and strongly affects physical and chemical properties of NC. In spite of advances in the synthesis of NC and significant efforts in comprehension of chemical reactions, reaction products and surface chemistry, an understanding of chemical reactions and how organic molecules bind and pack on nanocrystal surfaces is still ambiguous.
The French Broad-Holston Country: A History of Knox County, Tennessee (1947)

Journal Article The French Broad-Holston Country: A History of Knox County, Tennessee. By the Knox County History Committee, Bast Tennessee Historical Society. Edited by Mary U. Rothrock Get access Culver H. Smith Culver H. Smith University of Chattanooga Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 34, Issue 2, September 1947, Pages 295–297, https://doi.org/10.2307/1896178 Published: 01 September 1947
Développement de sous-cellules pin InGaAsN à 1 eV pour intégration en MJSC et applications spatiales (2019)

International audience
Finding a Way: What can Computer Science Education Do? (2007)

In the case reported in this article there was septicaemia with special localization of the microorganisms in the brain, with gas cysts of the brain and general gaseous emphysema due to Bacillus mucosus capsulatus (aërogenes group). The bacillus isolated from the organs of this case, as well as other members of the aërogenic group of Bacillus mucosus capsulatus can cause general gaseous emphysema in the cadavers of rabbits, either with or without the intravenous injection of sugar before the animal is killed, the gas, however, being most abundant and rapidly formed in the former case. It is not impossible that some of the published cases of gaseous emphysema in which a bacteriological examination was not made, may have been due to members of the Bacillus mucosus capsulatus group.
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease decreases anion exchanger activity (1997)

Liver cysts, the most common extrarenal manifestation of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), derive from the intrahepatic biliary epithelium (IBE) and are found in 60-75% of ADPKD patients on dialysis. Secretin-induced secretion by the normal IBE is rich in HCO3-, whereas intact ADPKD liver cysts secrete primarily Cl- in response to secretin. To evaluate the mechanisms of decreased HCO3- secretion by ADPKD liver cysts, we utilized SV40 large T antigen-immortalized normal IBE and ADPKD liver cyst-derived epithelia (LCDE) cell lines that we created. These cell lines express biliary but not hepatocyte markers. Anion exchanger (AE) function was assessed by the response of intracellular pH (pHi) to acute Cl- removal. 2',7'-Bis(carboxyethyl)-5-(6)-carboxyfluorescein-loaded monolayers were continuously perfused with physiological HCO3- buffer containing Cl- or gluconate. In IBE cell line H75 (n = 6), acute Cl- removal alkalinized pHi at a rate of 0.04 +/- 0.01 min-1. AE function was significantly decreased in LCDE cell line CL3 (n = 6) to a rate of 0.01 +/- 0.01 min-1 after Cl- removal. Northern blot analysis demonstrated equivalent levels of AE2 mRNA in both cell lines. AE1 mRNA was undetectable. Immunoblot analysis demonstrated the AE2 polypeptide in both cell lines, but the level of mature glycosylated AE2 polypeptide was reduced in LCDE cells. Immunofluorescence microscopy demonstrated decreased membrane-localized AE2 in LCDE cells. These findings suggest that decreased plasmalemmal AE2 may account for decreased AE function in LCDE cells and suggest a possible explanation for decreased secretion of HCO3- by ADPKD liver cysts.
ChemInform Abstract: EPOXIDATION OF 1,4‐DIHYDRO‐1,4‐METHANOANTHRAQUINONES. PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND CRYSTAL STRUCTURE DETERMINATION OF THE PRODUCTS (1979)

Abstract Die Titelchinone (I) werden durch Oxidation mit sodaalkalischem H 2 O 2 quantitativ in Gemische der Epoxide (II) und (III) ( 1 H‐NMR‐Spektren) übergeführt.
Notas sobre cine lírico : Un intento de tipología (2011)

La expresion “cine lirico” es usada habitualmente para referirse a aquellos filmes que poseen una cierta condicion de marginalidad por su cuestionamiento de los modelos imperantes en las practicas del cine comercial mayoritario en la medida en que suponen una alternativa a los presupuestos de narratividad y de mimesis realista inherentes a aquel. Pero esa intencion rupturista puede presentar grados de intensidad muy variables y objetivos muy diversos por lo que bajo la mencionada etiqueta de “cine lirico” se albergan productos de una considerable heterogeneidad. Esta se manifiesta ya en falta de acuerdo sobre la propia etiqueta, que, aunque es la que yo empleare por razones de comodidad, convive junto a otras varias (cine antinarrativo, antirrealista, antinaturalista, poetico, artistico, autoconsciente, parametrico, etc.) a las que se recurre indistintamente para clasificar los filmes a los que me voy a referir, caracterizados por el uso estrategias tan diversas como la antinarratividad, la reflexividad o la trasgresion de los patrones mimeticos habituales mediante las que se manifiesta la actitud resistente frente a las practicas cinematograficas mayoritarias. No obstante, pienso que se trata de una denominacion significativa en la medida en que la poesia implica una subversion o trasgresion de los usos linguisticos habituales, una permanente vocacion experimental y el intento de abrir nuevas vias que permitan el acceso a un tipo de conocimiento inalcanzable mediante el ejercicio de la razon. Esa resistencia comienza a manifestarse en los anos de las vanguardias historicas y es paralela a los procesos similares provocados por la crisis del racionalismo que, simultaneamente, tienen lugar en las otras artes. En el caso del cine viene abonado por la decepcion de muchos artistas e intelectuales ante el camino que aquel habia emprendido: en lugar de constituirse en un arte autonomo mediante el desarrollo de sus potencialidades que podian haber hecho de el un privilegiado instrumento de revelacion, el nuevo arte se habia puesto al servicio de los publicos mayoritarios transformandose, mediante sus argumentos banales y sus patrones narrativos uniformadores y previsibles en un instrumento de alienacion. En su intento de satisfacer la demanda de tales publicos se habia decantado por la opcion mimetica, que proponia los simulacros de la pantalla como un
Datenatlas zur religiösen Geographie im protestantischen Deutschland (2001)

The Datenatlas zur religiosen Geographie im Protestantischen Deutschland presents statistical material on church life in the German Protestant regional churches between 1850 and 1940. It analyzes data at the level of the local church districts, which was gathered annually. This data provides information in regard to attendance at the worship services and the Lord's Supper, participation in church elections, baptism, marriage and funeral rites, and the numbers of those joining and leaving the church.
Immunohistochemical Expression of Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors in Primary Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Tumors (2008)

Abstract Context. —Lung and breast carcinomas are among the most prevalent cancers. Advances in cancer therapies can provide survival benefit and be potentially curative, even in metastatic disease. Due to the high prevalence of these carcinomas, it is not unusual to encounter lung nodule(s) in a patient with breast carcinoma, and distinguishing between primary and metastatic disease is critical for management/treatment. Occasionally neuroendocrine differentiation is present in breast carcinoma, making its distinction from pulmonary/nonpulmonary neuroendocrine tumors in the lung difficult. Objective. —To assess estrogen and progesterone receptor expression in the entire spectrum of pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors. Design. —Seventy-one neuroendocrine neoplasms including typical carcinoids (42), atypical carcinoids (7), small cell carcinomas (14), large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (2), and combined small cell carcinomas (6) were evaluated for estrogen and progesterone receptors. Mammary and non–small cell lung carcinomas were also stained for comparison. Results. —The entire spectrum of neuroendocrine neoplasms demonstrated focal to diffuse estrogen (typical carcinoid, 23; atypical carcinoid, 6; small cell carcinoma, 8; large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, 2; combined small cell carcinoma, 4) and progesterone (typical carcinoid, 11; atypical carcinoid, 2; small cell carcinoma, 7; large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, 0; combined small cell carcinoma, 2) expression. There was no correlation between sex and estrogen/progesterone status. Estrogen and progesterone staining were also noted in endothelial cells. Relative to neuroendocrine carcinomas, mammary carcinomas expressed estrogen and progesterone more frequently. Non–small cell carcinomas had greater and similar immunoreactivity for estrogen and progesterone, respectively. Conclusions. —Although estrogen and progesterone receptor staining is frequently associated with breast and gynecologic primaries, it can also be observed in “nontarget” organs. Therefore, presence of estrogen and/or progesterone expression in neuroendocrine tumors involving the lung should not exclude a primary pulmonary neoplasm.
The class II phosphoinositide 3‐kinase PI3K‐C2β regulates cell migration by a PtdIns(3)P dependent mechanism (2005)

The biological and pathophysiological significance of class II phosphoinositide 3-kinase enzyme expression currently remains unclear. Using an in vitro scrape wound assay and time-lapse video microscopy, we demonstrate that cell motility is increased in cultures expressing recombinant PI3K-C2beta enzyme. In addition, overexpression of PI3K-C2beta transiently decreased cell adhesion, stimulated the formation of cytoplasmic processes, and decreased the rate of cell proliferation. Consistent with these observations, expression of PI3K-C2beta also decreased expression of alpha4 beta1 integrin subunits. Using asynchronous cultures, we show that endogenous PI3K-C2beta is present in lamellipodia of motile cells. When cells expressing recombinant PI3K-C2beta were plated onto fibronectin, cortical actin staining increased markedly and actin rich lamellipodia and filopodia became evident. Overexpression of a 2xFYVE(Hrs) domain fusion protein abolished this response demonstrating that the effect of PI3K-C2beta on the reorganization of actin filaments is dependent upon PtdIns3P. Finally, overexpression of PI3K-C2beta increased GTP loading of Cdc42. Our data demonstrates for the first time, that PI3K-C2beta plays a regulatory role in cell motility and that the mechanism by which it reorganizes the actin cytoskeleton is dependent upon PtdIns3P production.
<title>Efficient true-time-delay adaptive array processing</title> (1996)

We present a novel and efficient approach to true-time-delay (TTD) beamforming for large adaptive phased arrays with N elements, for application in radar, sonar, and communication. This broadband and efficient adaptive method for time-delay array processing algorithm decreases the number of tapped delay lines required for N-element arrays form N to only 2, producing an enormous savings in optical hardware, especially for large arrays. This new adaptive system provides the full NM degrees of freedom of a conventional N element time delay beamformer with M taps, each, enabling it to fully and optimally adapt to an arbitrary complex spatio-temporal signal environment that can contain broadband signals, noise, and narrowband and broadband jammers, all of which can arrive from arbitrary angles onto an arbitrarily shaped array. The photonic implementation of this algorithm uses index gratings produce in the volume of photorefractive crystals as the adaptive weights in a TTD beamforming network, 1 or 2 acousto-optic devices for signal injection, and 1 or 2 time-delay-and- integrate detectors for signal extraction. This approach achieves significant reduction in hardware complexity when compared to systems employing discrete RF hardware for the weights or when compared to alternative optical systems that typically use N channel acousto-optic deflectors.
Characterization of New Amphiphilic Block Copolymers of N‐Vinyl Pyrrolidone and Vinyl Acetate, 1 – Analysis of Copolymer Composition, End Groups, Molar Masses and Molar Mass Distributions (2010)

Abstract New amphiphilic block copolymers consisting of N ‐vinyl pyrrolidone and vinyl acetate were synthesized via controlled radical polymerization using a reversible addition/fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT)/macromolecular design via the interchange of xanthates (MADIX) system. The synthesis was carried out in 1,4‐dioxane as process solvent. In order to get conclusions on the mechanism of the polymerization the molecular structure of formed copolymers was analysed by means of different analytical techniques. 13 C NMR spectroscopy was used for the determination of the monomer ratios. End groups were analysed by means of matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. This technique was also used to determine possible fragmentations of the RAFT end groups. By means of a combination of size exclusion chromatography, 13 C NMR and static light scattering molar mass distributions and absolute molar masses could be analysed. The results clearly show a non‐ideal RAFT mechanism. magnified image
DNA damage–induced cell-cycle arrest of hematopoietic cells is overridden by activation of the PI-3 kinase/Akt signaling pathway (2001)

Exposure of hematopoietic cells to DNA-damaging agents induces cell-cycle arrest at G1 and G2/M checkpoints. Previously, it was shown that DNA damage-induced growth arrest of hematopoietic cells can be overridden by treatment with cytokine growth factors, such as erythropoietin (EPO) or interleukin-3 (IL-3). Here, the cytokine-activated signaling pathways required to override G1 and G2/M checkpoints induced by gamma-irradiation (gamma-IR) are characterized. Using factor-dependent myeloid cells stably expressing EPO receptor (EPO-R) mutants, it is shown that removal of a minimal domain required for PI-3K signaling abrogated the ability of EPO to override gamma-IR-induced cell-cycle arrest. Similarly, the ability of cytokines to override gamma-IR-induced arrest was abolished by an inhibitor of PI-3K (LY294002) or by overexpression of dominant-negative Akt. Moreover, the ability of EPO to override these checkpoints in cells expressing defective EPO-R mutants could be restored by overexpression of a constitutively active Akt. Thus, activation of a PI-3K/Akt signaling pathway is required for cytokine-dependent suppression of DNA-damage induced checkpoints. Together, these findings suggest a novel role for PI-3K/Akt pathways in the modulation of growth arrest responses to DNA damage in hematopoietic cells. (Blood. 2001;98:834-841)
7.6% CZGSe Solar Cells Thanks to Optimized CdS Chemical Bath Deposition (2018)

In this study, CdS chemical bath deposition is investigated to improve the performance of thin film solar cell based on Cu 2 ZnGeSe 4 /CdS heterojunction. The influence of both the bath temperature and the dipping duration on the CdS thin film properties are explored thanks to the combination of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy, while the photovoltaic parameters of the resulting solar cells are discussed from current–voltage ( I–V ) and external quantum efficiency (EQE) measurements. The highest efficiency achieved herein (without antireflection coating) is 7.6%. Although it represents 35% relative improvement compared to previous best efficiency, this champion device is still limited by interface recombination. Different strategies are finally proposed to further increase the performance of these solar cells.
An optimized rotation-axis model-following controller for STS orbiter attitude maneuvers (1985)

This paper describes a new controller for automatic attitude maneuvers of the Space Shuttle Orbiter. The controller incorporates a new solution algorithm for partially linearized, fuel-optimal maneuvers for RCS jet controlled spacecraft. These solutions provide model trajectories and jet commands that are easily tracked using a feed-forward, feedback controller structure. The result is a substantial performance improvement over the current Orbiter attitude maneuver controller. The paper discusses optimal maneuvers for this type of vehicle, giving detail of the solution algorithm. Closed-loop controller design and implementation is discussed. Detailed performance results are presented.
Performance considerations for an operating system transaction manager (1989)

Results of a previous comparison study (A. Kumar and M. Stonebraker, 1987) between a conventional transaction manager and an operating system (OS) transaction manager indicated that the OS transaction manager incurs a severe performance penalty and appears to be feasible only in special circumstances. Three approaches for enhancing the performance of an OS transaction manager are considered. The first strategy is to improve performance by reducing the cost of lock acquisition and by compressing the log. The second strategy explores the possibility of still further improvements from additional semantics to be built into an OS transaction system. The last strategy is to use a modified index structure that makes update operations less expensive to perform. The results show that the OS will have to implement essentially all of the specialized tactics for transaction management that are currently used by a database management system (DBMS) in order to match DBMS performance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University at the TREC 2004 Robust Track. (2004)

In the robust track, we mainly tested our passage-based retrieval model with different passage sizes and weighting schemes. In our approach, we used two retrieval models, namely the 2-Poisson model using BM25 term weights and the vector space model (VSM) using adaptive pivoted unique document length normalization. Also, we utilize WordNet to re-weight some PRF terms and extract some context words as expanded query terms. We show that our passage-based model achieves the comparable performance on the whole query set. Moreover, our new methods of using WordNet information for query expansion can improve the retrieval performance.
Domain wall pinning through nanoscale interfacial Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (2021)

Neuromorphic computing (NC) has been gaining attention as a potential candidate for artificial intelligence. The building blocks for NC are neurons and synapses. Research studies have indicated that domain wall (DW) devices are one of the most energy-efficient contenders for realizing NC. Moreover, synaptic functions can be achieved by obtaining multi-resistance states in DW devices. However, in DW devices with no artificial pinning, it is difficult to control the DW position, and hence achieving multilevel resistance is difficult. Here, we have proposed the concept of nanoscale interfacial Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (iDMI) for controllably stopping the DWs at specific positions, and hence, realizing multi-resistance states. We show that the nanoscale iDMI forms an energy barrier (well), which can controllably pin the DWs at the pinning sites. Moreover, a tunable depinning current density was achieved by changing the width and iDMI constant of the confinement region. We have also studied pinning in a device with five successive pinning sites. This feature is a proof-of-concept for realizing multi-resistance states in the proposed concept. Based on these observations, a magnetic tunnel junction—where the free layer is made up of the proposed concept—can be fabricated to achieve synapses for NC applications.
On the origin of the driving force in the Marangoni propelled gas bubble trapping mechanism (2017)

Gas bubbles can be trapped and then manipulated with laser light. In this report, we propose the detailed optical trapping mechanism of gas bubbles confined inside a thin light-absorbing liquid layer between two glass plates. The necessary condition of bubble trapping in this case is the direct absorption of light by the solution containing a dye. Due to heat release, fluid whirls propelled by the surface Marangoni effect at the liquid/gas interface emerge and extend to large distances. We report the experimental microscopic observation of the origin of whirls at an initially flat liquid/air interface as well as at the curved interface of a liquid/gas bubble and support this finding with advanced numerical simulations using the finite element method within the COMSOL Multiphysics platform. The simulation results were in good agreement with the observations, which allowed us to propose a simple physical model for this particular trapping mechanism, to establish the origin of forces attracting bubbles toward a laser beam and to predict other phenomena related to this effect.
Towards virtual access of adaptive optics telemetry data (2022)

Large amounts of Adaptive-Optics (AO) control loop data and telemetry are currently inaccessible to end-users. Broadening access to those data has the potential to change the AO landscape on many fronts, addressing several use-cases such as derivation of the system's PSF, turbulence characterisation and optimisation of system control. We address one of the biggest obstacles to sharing these data: the lack of standardisation, which hinders access. We propose an object-oriented Python package for AO telemetry, whose data model abstracts the user from an underlining archive-ready data exchange standard based on the Flexible Image Transport System (FITS). Its design supports data from a wide range of existing and future AO systems, either in raw format or abstracted from actual instrument details. We exemplify its usage with data from active AO systems on 10m-class observatories, of which two are currently supported (AOF and Keck), with plans for more.