gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Animating Face using Disentangled Audio Representations (2020)

Previous methods for audio-driven talking head generation assume the input audio to be clean with a neutral tone. As we show empirically, one can easily break these systems by simply adding certain background noise to the utterance or changing its emotional tone (to for example, sad). To make talking head generation robust to such variations, we propose an explicit audio representation learning framework that disentangles audio sequences into various factors such as phonetic content, emotional tone, background noise and others. We conduct experiments to validate that when conditioned on disentangled content representation, the generated mouth movement by our model is significantly more accurate than previous approaches (without disentangled learning) in the presence of noise and emotional variations. We further demonstrate that our framework is compatible with current state-of-the-art approaches by replacing their original component to learn audio based representation with ours. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work which improves the performance of talking head generation through a disentangled audio representation perspective, which is important for many real-world applications.
Effects of mixed-valent composition and bathing environment on solid-state electron self-exchanges in osmium bipyridine redox polymer films (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffects of mixed-valent composition and bathing environment on solid-state electron self-exchanges in osmium bipyridine redox polymer filmsNigel A. Surridge, Mary Ellen Zvanut, F. Richard Keene, Connie S. Sosnoff, Marvin Silver, and Royce W. MurrayCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1992, 96, 2, 962–970Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100181a077https://doi.org/10.1021/j100181a077research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views123Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass with Low-cost Ionic Liquids (2016)

A number of ionic liquids (ILs) with economically attractive production costs have recently received growing interest as media for the delignification of a variety of lignocellulosic feedstocks. Here we demonstrate the use of these low-cost protic ILs in the deconstruction of lignocellulosic biomass (Ionosolv pretreatment), yielding cellulose and a purified lignin. In the most generic process, the protic ionic liquid is synthesized by accurate combination of aqueous acid and amine base. The water content is adjusted subsequently. For the delignification, the biomass is placed into a vessel with IL solution at elevated temperatures to dissolve the lignin and hemicellulose, leaving a cellulose-rich pulp ready for saccharification (hydrolysis to fermentable sugars). The lignin is later precipitated from the IL by the addition of water and recovered as a solid. The removal of the added water regenerates the ionic liquid, which can be reused multiple times. This protocol is useful to investigate the significant potential of protic ILs for use in commercial biomass pretreatment/lignin fractionation for producing biofuels or renewable chemicals and materials.
Fabrication of Li2CO3-doped Thin Film Bulk Acoustic Resonator and Structural, Electrical Properties as a Function of Annealing Temperatures (2007)

In this study, we fabricated FBAR(film bulk acoustic resonator) by using <TEX>$Li_{2}CO_{3}:ZnO$</TEX> as a function of annealing temperature and concentrated on effect of frequency characteristic of FBAR. The results show that the annealing affects resistivity and crystallity. The optimum properties were observed for film annealed at <TEX>$500^{\circ}C$</TEX>. The resistivity was <TEX>$1.5{\times}10^{11}\;{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$</TEX> and the roughness was 21.10 nm. And the return loss is improved from -24.9 at <TEX>$300^{\circ}C$</TEX> to -29.8 at <TEX>$500^{\circ}C$</TEX> without the resonant frequency change. We finally confirmed the improvement on the frequency characteristics of FBAR device by annealing process at the optimized condition.
ChemInform Abstract: LiBH4(NaBH4)/Me3SiCl, an Unusually Potent and Versatile Reduction Agent. (1989)

Abstract The title reagents (cf.
Effect of the Diacrylate Ester Size on the Semicontinuous Cross-Linking Emulsion Copolymerization of BA (2005)

The seeded semicontinuous emulsion copolymerization of butyl acrylate (BA) with a series of diacrylate cross-linkers at 80 °C and using potassium persulfate as initiator was investigated. The influence of the diacrylate ester size on the kinetics, branching and cross-linking density, molecular weight between entanglements, gel fraction, sol molecular weight, and mechanical properties (glass transition temperature and storage modulus) was investigated. It was found that the shorter the diacrylate, the less cross-linked the polymer and the lower the glass transition temperature and the storage modulus. This effect was explained by a higher cyclization rate of the shorter diacrylates due to energetically favored cycle formation.
Neural Network Versus Bayesian Diagnosis Of Append:CITIS (2005)

Neural network and Bayesian analyses of 104 cases of abdominal pain in male patients were performed. Input data for each case consisted of 153 features, representing patient history and symptoms. Some symptoms were represented by more than one feature. The Neural network diagnoses more accurately reflected the clinical diagnoses than did the Bayesian.
Solvolysis-decomposition ofN-1-adamantyl-N-p-tolylcarbamoyl chloride in hydroxylic solvents (1997)

In hydroxylic solvents, N-1-adamantyl-N-p-tolylcarbamoyl chloride undergoes a facile rate-determing ionization with very little assistance from nucleophilic solvation (very low sensitivity to changes in solvent nucleophilicity). In the relatively nucleophilic aqueous ethanol or aqueous acetone, the cation formed reacts directly with the solvent. In fluoroalcohols, the low nucleophilicity of the solvent allows an effective competition from a pathway involving disproportionation to the 1-adamantyl cation and p-tolyl isocyanate, followed by reaction of the new cation either with solvent or with the chloride ion formed in the initial ionization. Grunwald–Winstein plots against YC1 values show for different binary solvent systems a marked dispersion, which can be considerably reduced by incorporation into the analyses of a term governed by the aromatic ring parameter (I). © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of Eubacterium coprostanoligenes sp. nov., a Cholesterol-Reducing Anaerobe (1994)

A small, anaerobic, gram-positive coccobacillus that reduces cholesterol to coprostanol was isolated from a hog sewage lagoon. This isolate, strain HLT (T = type strain) does not require cholesterol for growth, but it requires lecithin and has phospholipase activity. Much acid is produced by the fermentation of amygdalin, lactose, and salicin. Arabinose, cellobiose, fructose, glucose, mannose, and melibiose are fermented weakly. Acetic, formic, and succinic acids are produced, as is hydrogen. The isolate does not reduce nitrate, produce indole, or hydrolyze starch and gelatin. Esculin is hydrolyzed. The properties of strain HLT are most similar to those of members of the genus Eubacterium. Because strain HL (= ATCC 51222) has unique morphological and physiological properties, we propose that it should be the type strain of a new species in the genus Eubacterium, Eubacterium coprostanoligenes.
Structure and Catalytic Mechanism of a Novel N-Succinyl-l-ornithine Transcarbamylase in Arginine Biosynthesis of Bacteroides fragilis (2006)

A Bacteroides fragilis gene (argF'(bf)), the disruption of which renders the bacterium auxotrophic for arginine, was expressed and its recombinant protein purified and studied. The novel protein catalyzes the carbamylation of N-succinyl-L-ornithine but not L-ornithine or N-acetyl-L-ornithine, forming N-succinyl-L-citrulline. Crystal structures of this novel transcarbamylase complexed with carbamyl phosphate and N-succinyl-L-norvaline, as well as sulfate and N-succinyl-L-norvaline have been determined and refined to 2.9 and 2.8 A resolution, respectively. They provide structural evidence that this protein is a novel N-succinyl-L-ornithine transcarbamylase. The data provided herein suggest that B. fragilis uses N-succinyl-L-ornithine rather than N-acetyl-L-ornithine for de novo arginine biosynthesis and therefore that this pathway in Bacteroides is different from the canonical arginine biosynthetic pathway of most organisms. Comparison of the structures of the new protein with those recently reported for N-acetyl-L-ornithine transcarbamylase indicates that amino acid residue 90 (B. fragilis numbering) plays an important role in conferring substrate specificity for N-succinyl-L-ornithine versus N-acetyl-L-ornithine. Movement of the 120 loop upon substrate binding occurs in N-succinyl-L-ornithine transcarbamylase, while movement of the 80 loop and significant domain closure take place as in other transcarbamylases. These findings provide new information on the putative role of succinylated intermediates in arginine biosynthesis and on the evolution of transcarbamylases.
Accurate performance modeling of subcarrier multiplexed fiber/radio systems: implications of laser nonlinear distortion and wide dynamic range (1996)

In this paper, we present an analytical approach to accurately assessing the performance of subcarrier multiplexed optical systems for the delivery of future mobile radio broadband services. The existence of a wide dynamic range of power levels in the return link, together with laser nonlinear distortion, represents a major problem and makes performance evaluation difficult. By modeling laser nonlinear distortion using Volterra series analysis, we show that the performance assessment of these systems becomes not only tractable, but also that they can be can be optimized based on the worst case condition. This analysis is performed here for the case of continuous phase frequency shift keying (CPFSK) modulation, for which we calculate the power spectral density (PSD) of the intermodulation products. The overall system performance is that investigated, and its dependence on laser bias and RIN is examined. As an illustrative example we consider a specific 50 channel CPFSK system occupying the bandwidth of 2 to 2.1 GHz.
Prenatal Programming of Neuroendocrine System Development by Lipopolysaccharide: Long-Term Effects (2018)

Various stress factors during critical periods of fetal development modulate the epigenetic mechanisms controlling specific genes, which can affect the structure and function of physiological systems. Maternal immune stress by bacterial infection simulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in an experiment is considered to be a powerful programming factor of fetal development. Studies of the molecular mechanisms controlling the formation and functioning of physiological systems are in the pilot stage. LPSs are the most potent natural inflammation factors. LPS-induced increases in fetal levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines can affect brain development and have long-term effects on behavior and neuroendocrine functions. The degradation of serotonergic neurons induced by LPS in the fetus is attributed to the increased levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNFα) as well as to anxiety and depression in children. Dopamine deficiency causes dysthymia, learning disability, and Parkinson's disease. According to our data, an LPS-induced increase in the levels of IL-6, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP-1) in maternal and fetal rats during early pregnancy disturbs the development and functioning of gonadotropin-releasing hormone production and reproductive systems. It is important to note the high responsiveness of epigenetic developmental mechanisms to many regulatory factors, which offers opportunities to correct the defects.
Reorganizable Chemical Polymer Gels Based on Dynamic Covalent Exchange and Controlled Monomer Insertion (2009)

Covalently networked polymer gels were developed with two notable functionalities: de-cross-linking by dynamic covalent exchange based on a radical crossover reaction and insertion of a monomer into the cross-linkers. The network polymer gels were synthesized by free-radical copolymerization of styrene and a bifunctional monomer with an alkoxyamine linker that has two capabilities to exchange with other alkoxyamine derivatives in the radical process and to polymerize styrene in a controlled manner. Three types of network polymers with different cross-linking densities were obtained by changing the ratio of the bifunctional monomer to styrene. The de-cross-linking reaction was carried out by heating the network polymers with excessive alkoxyamine compound in anisole, and it was made clear that the de-cross-linking behavior strongly depended on the cross-linking densities. The insertion of styrene into the alkoxyamine units at the cross-linking points was also performed by heating the network polymers swollen with styrene and anisole, and it was revealed that the mesh sizes grew larger by the insertion of styrene into their skeleton and that the cross-linking density decreased as the reaction proceeded. The variation of the network structures in these reactions was successfully evaluated by small-angle X-ray scattering and dynamic viscoelasticity measurements.
A GC-Rich Domain With Bifunctional Effects on mRNA and Protein Levels: Implications for Control of Transforming Growth Factor β1 Expression (1993)

Chimeric plasmids containing selected reporter coding domains and portions of the transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) 3' untranslated region (UTR) were prepared and used to identify potential mechanisms involved in regulating the biosynthesis of TGF-beta 1. Transient transfections with core and chimeric constructs containing the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter showed that steady-state CAT mRNA levels were decreased two- to threefold in response to the TGF-beta 1 3' UTR. Interestingly, CAT activity was somewhat increased in the same transfectants. Thus, production of CAT protein per unit of mRNA was stimulated by the TGF-beta 1 3' UTR (approximately fourfold in three cell lines of distinct lineage). The translation-stimulatory effect of the TGF-beta 1 3' UTR suggested by these studies in vivo was confirmed in vitro by cell-free translation of core and chimeric transcripts containing the growth hormone coding domain. These studies showed that production of growth hormone was stimulated threefold by the TGF-beta 1 3' UTR. A deletion analysis in vivo indicated that the GC-rich domain in the TGF-beta 1 3' UTR was responsible for both the decrease in mRNA levels and stimulation of CAT activity-mRNA. We conclude that this GC-rich domain can have a bifunctional effect on overall protein expression. Moreover, the notable absence of this GC-rich domain in TGF-beta 2, TGF-beta 3, TGF-beta 4, and TGF-beta 5 indicates that expression of distinct TGF-beta family members can be differentially controlled in cells.
Integration Pattern of Human JC Virus Sequences in Two Clones of a Cell Line Established from a JC Virus-Induced Hamster Brain Tumor (1980)

The physical state of the JC virus (JCV) genome was studied in two clonal cell lines (clones 2 and 7) derived from a tissue culture cell line (HJC-15) established from a hamster brain tumor induced by JCV. Saturation-hybridization and reassociation kinetic analyses, using in vitro (32)P-labeled JCV DNA, indicated that clone 7 and 2 cells contain 9 to 10 and 4 to 5 copies per cell, respectively, of all or most of the viral genome. Both cell DNAs were analyzed by using the Southern blotting procedure with three restriction endonucleases: XhoI, which does not cleave JCV DNA; EcoRI, which cleaves once; and HindIII, which cleaves three times. With each DNA, a variety of JCV-specific DNA fragments were detected. The following conclusions are possible: (i) JCV DNA is integrated into cell DNA in both clonal lines; (ii) both clonal lines contain multiple copies of the viral genome integrated in a tandem head-to-tail orientation; (iii) neither clonal line contains detectable free-form I, II, or III JCV DNA; (iv) each clonal line contains multiple independent sites of JCV DNA integration; and (v) most or all of the sites of integration on the cellular or the viral genome, or both, are different in clone 7 DNA than in clone 2 DNA. Thus, although both clone 7 and clone 2 cells were established from the HJC-15 tumor cell line, they differ in the copy number and integration pattern of JCV DNA.
syn-Selective aldol reaction of propynal–hexacarbonylcobalt complexes with ketene silyl acetals (1992)

3-Phenylpropynal–hexacarbonylcobalt complex, prepared from 3-phenylpropynal with octacarbonyl-cobalt, afforded on treatment with the seven-membered ketene trimethylsilyl acetal the syn-aldol product in a highly stereoselective manner. Similar exposure of the above complex to the six- and five-membered ketene trimethylsilyl acetal gave the corresponding syn-aldol products predominantly. The aldol reaction of the cobalt complexes derived from 3-trimethylsilyl- and 3-butyl-propynal with those cyclic ketene silyl acetals proceeded syn-selectively to provide the syn-aldol products. The preferential formation of the syn- over the anti-isomers was also achieved in the reaction of the cobalt complexed 3-trimethylsilylpropynal with acyclic ketene trimethylsilyl acetals, derived from methyl or tert-butyl propionate. In contrast, uncomplexed 3-phenyl-, 3-trimethylsilyl- and 3-butylpropynal furnished the corresponding aldol products nonselectively or anti-isomers predominantly depending on the structure of the starting ketene trimethylsilyl acetal.
1.5 μm, 8?×?12.5 Gb/s of hybrid-integrated TOSA with isolators and ROSA for 100 GbE application (2016)

Compact transmitter and receiver optical sub-assemblies (TOSA and ROSA) are fabricated in our laboratory and have an aggregated capacity of 100 Gb/s. Specially, directly modulated laser (DML) drivers with two layers of electrical circuit boards are designed to inject RF signals and bias currents separately. For all the lanes, the 3 dB bandwidth of the cascade of the TOSA and ROSA exceeds 9 GHz, which allows the 12.5 Gb/s operation. With the 12.5 Gb/s × 8-lane operation, clear eye diagrams for back-to-back and 30-km amplified transmission with a dispersion compensation fiber are achieved. Low cost and simple processing technology make it possible to realize commercial production.
Recent insights into structure-function relationships of antimicrobial peptides (2018)

The application of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in food preservation presents a promising alternative and offers many benefits, such as reducing the use of chemical preservatives, reducing food losses due to spoilage, and development of health-promoting food supplements. The biological activity of AMPs largely dependent on several physicochemical features including charge, the degree of helicity, hydrophobicity, and sequence. The present review provides an overview of the structural classification of AMPs emphasizing the importance of their structural features for biological activity, followed by the description of some antimicrobial mechanism of action. Despite the several hurdles that must be overcome for the exploitation of food-derived AMPs in drug discovery and food systems, the developments discussed in this review offer a taste of future trends in food and pharmaceutical applications of these intriguing molecules. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Numerous AMPs have been reported in recent years as naturally present or released from food proteins upon enzymatic digestion during food processing, fermentation, or gastrointestinal transit. Particularly, food-released AMPs is a promising alternative to satisfy consumer demands for safe, ready-to-eat, extended shelf-life, fresh-tasting, and minimally processed foods, without chemical additives. The potential of several AMPs to inhibit foodborne pathogens is increasingly studied in various food matrices including dairy products, meat, fruits, and beverages. Although extensive progress has been made with respect to our understanding of AMPs structure/function, additional thorough investigation of the factors influencing peptide activity is required. The time has now come for the development of nutraceuticals and pharmaceutical products containing food-derived AMPs. Despite the several hurdles that must be overcome for the exploitation of AMPs, the features and developments discussed in this review offer a taste of future trends in food and pharmaceutical applications of these intriguing molecules.
Active learning for misspecified generalized linear models (2007)

Active learning refers to algorithmic frameworks aimed at selecting training data points in order to reduce the number of required training data points and/or improve the generalization performance of a learning method. In this paper, we present an asymptotic analysis of active learning for generalized linear models. Our analysis holds under the common practical situation of model misspecification, and is based on realistic assumptions regarding the nature of the sampling distributions, which are usually neither independent nor identical. We derive unbiased estimators of generalization performance, as well as estimators of expected reduction in generalization error after adding a new training data point, that allow us to optimize its sampling distribution through a convex optimization problem. Our analysis naturally leads to an algorithm for sequential active learning which is applicable for all tasks supported by generalized linear models (e.g., binary classification, multi-class classification, regression) and can be applied in non-linear settings through the use of Mercer kernels.
Mutation of the Cell Cycle Regulator p27kip1 Drives Pseudohypoxic Pheochromocytoma Development (2021)

Endogenous rat PCCs recapitulate key phenotypic features of human p-PPGLs. Thus, MENX rats emerge as the best available animal model of these aggressive tumors. Our study provides evidence of a link between cell cycle dysregulation and pseudohypoxia.
Quantification of progression and regression of carotid vessel atherosclerosis using 3D ultrasound images (2006)

Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory process similar to scar formation in the inner wall of the artery. It is the underlying cause of heart attacks and some strokes. Atherosclerotic lesions in the artery wall are called plaques. 3D ultrasound (US) has been used to monitor the progression of carotid vessel plaques in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. Different ways of measuring various ultrasound phenotypes of atherosclerosis have been developed. Here, we report on the development and application of a method used to analyze changes in carotid plaque morphology from 3D US. In an effort to extend our previous work in plaque thickness analysis, we developed a procedure that facilitates the visualization and comparison of the distribution of plaque thickness by mapping the 3D arterial structure into a 2D plane.