gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Supramolecular Stabilization of Hemiacetals of N-Alkyl(Benz)Imidazole Aldehydes (2007)

In contrast to common textbook chemistry, aldehydes of N-alkyl(benz)imidazoles do not exist in their carbonyl structure; unexpectedly, under ambient conditions, they form isolable hemiacetals stabilized by strong intermolecular O–H–N hydrogen bonds, both in solution and in the solid state.
Odor Mixtures in Identification Testing Using Sniffin’ Sticks: The SSomix Test (2020)

Clinical tests assessing olfactory performance have become indispensable for diagnosing olfactory dysfunction. As time and personnel resources are limited, it would be advantageous to have shorter protocols focusing on singular aspects of olfactory performance, such as odor identification. However, such a unidimensional approach is often inconclusive and needs further tests (and tools). Hence, new testing methods with high levels of sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility are required for clinical practice. Here, we developed a Sniffin' Sticks odor mixture identification test method (SSomix), with emphasis on resource efficiency and simplicity of administration. SSomix consists of mixtures of two and three odors applied onto a piece of paper using 11 out of 16 items from the original Sniffin' Sticks identification test kit. A total of 66 healthy subjects and 22 patients with olfactory dysfunction were included in the study. SSomix showed good to excellent test-retest reliability and validity. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curves indicated good diagnostic accuracy in identifying patients with reduced and severely impaired olfactory function. SSomix was a suitable downsizing of the original kit, especially regarding resource efficiency.
Congestion Aware Intent-Based Routing using Graph Neural Networks for Improved Quality of Experience in Heterogeneous Networks (2021)

Making use of spectrally diverse communications links to re-route traffic in response to dynamic environments to manage network bottlenecks has become essential in order to guarantee message delivery across heterogeneous networks. We propose an innovative, proactive Congestion Aware Intent-Based Routing (CONAIR) architecture that can select among available communication link resources based on quality of service (QoS) metrics to support continuous information exchange between networked participants. The CONAIR architecture utilizes a Network Controller (NC) and artificial intelligence (AI) to re-route traffic based on traffic priority, fundamental to increasing end user quality of experience (QoE) and mission effectiveness. The CONAIR architecture provides network behavior prediction, and can mitigate congestion prior to its occurrence unlike traditional static routing techniques, e.g. Open Shortest Path First (OSPF), which are prone to congestion due to infrequent routing table updates. Modeling and simulation (M&#x0026;S) was performed on a multi-hop network in order to characterize the resiliency and scalability benefits of CONAIR over OSPF routing-based frameworks. Results demonstrate that for varying traffic profiles, packet loss and end-to-end latency is minimized.
Multirobot localization with unknown variance parameters using iterated Kalman filtering (2007)

The multirobot localization problem is solved in this paper using an innovative approach related to Tikhonov regularization. We release the requirement that robots are equipped with sensors to estimate their own motion, as well as the requirement that covariance matrices describing system and measure noises are perfectly known. Robots are assumed to have a single sensor returning noisy measurements of mutual distances while they move along unknown paths. The proposed algorithm estimates online both the robots’ poses as well as the unknown covariance parameters. In addition to the classical iterations of the well known iterated Kalman filter, we include iterations that propagate an approximation of the posterior marginal densities of the unknown variances. Simulationl results provide evidence that the algorithm is capable of accurately estimating the variances online while at the same time keeping the localization error bounded.
Evaluation of participant recruitment methods to a rare disease online registry (2014)

Internet communication advances provide new opportunities to assemble individuals with rare diseases to online patient registries from wide geographic areas for research. However, there is little published information on the efficacy of different recruitment methods. Here we describe recruitment patterns and the characteristics of individuals with the self-identified autosomal dominant genetic disorder neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) who participated in an online patient registry during the 1-year period from 1/1/2012 to 12/31/2012. We employed four main mechanisms to alert potential participants to the registry: (1) Facebook and Google advertising, (2) government and academic websites, (3) patient advocacy groups, and (4) healthcare providers. Participants reported how they first heard about the registry through an online questionnaire. During the 1-year period, 880 individuals participated in the registry from all 50 U.S. States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and 39 countries. Facebook and Google were reported as referral sources by the highest number of participants (n=550, 72% Facebook), followed by healthcare providers (n=74), and government and academic websites (n=71). The mean participant age was 29±18 years and most participants reported White race (73%) and female sex (62%) irrespective of reported referral source. Internet advertising, especially through Facebook, resulted in efficient enrollment of large numbers of individuals with NF1. Our study demonstrates the potential utility of this approach to assemble individuals with a rare disease from across the world for research studies.
Sucrose-mediated translational control (2009)

Plants use translational control of gene expression to optimize growth and development in response to stress as well as to energy deprivation. This Botanical Briefing discusses the role of sucrose signalling in the translational control of bZIP11 and the regulation of ribosomal biogenesis in response to metabolic changes and stress conditions.
On the construction of efficient multilevel coded modulations (2002)

The methodology of multi-stage iterative decoding with exchange of soft information has previously been applied to a wide range of error-controlling codes with remarkable success, including parallel/serial concatenated convolutional/block codes (Berrou et al., 1993) and generalized concatenated convolutional codes (Cheng). A theoretical explanation of this decoding mechanism has been proposed (MacKay et al.) via the belief propagation algorithm (BPA) (Pearl 1988). It is shown that, by representing a turbo code with a Bayesian belief network, the application of BPA directly leads to the turbo decoding algorithm. In fact, it is argued that the decoding algorithms for all the aforementioned variations of the turbo coding construction as well as a wide range of low-density parity check codes can be explained by this principle. The author goes on to discuss low density generator matrix codes.
Defining a minimal clinically important difference for endometriosis-associated pelvic pain measured on a visual analog scale: analyses of two placebo-controlled, randomized trials (2010)

An empirically validated non-inferiority margin of 10 mm for EAPP measured on a VAS is appropriate to compare treatments in endometriosis.
Loss of CDH1 up‐regulates epidermal growth factor receptor via phosphorylation of YBX1 in non‐small cell lung cancer cells (2013)

Although loss of CDH1 promotes cancer metastasis by disrupting cell-cell adhesion and inducing transcriptional changes, the functional pathways involved in the loss of CDH1 affecting EGFR expression in lung cancer cells still remain largely unknown. In this study, we report that down-regulation of CDH1 promoted EGFR transcription through activation of YBX1. Furthermore, knockdown of CDH1 activated the AKT signaling pathway, and inhibition of AKT suppressed the phosphorylation of YBX1 and the up-regulation of EGFR induced by CDH1 loss. These data demonstrate that loss of CDH1 induces EGFR expression via phospho-YBX1, which is activated through the AKT signaling pathway.
A comparative analysis of cascade measures for novelty and diversity (2011)

Traditional editorial effectiveness measures, such as nDCG, remain standard for Web search evaluation. Unfortunately, these traditional measures can inappropriately reward redundant information and can fail to reflect the broad range of user needs that can underlie a Web query. To address these deficiencies, several researchers have recently proposed effectiveness measures for novelty and diversity. Many of these measures are based on simple cascade models of user behavior, which operate by considering the relationship between successive elements of a result list. The properties of these measures are still poorly understood, and it is not clear from prior research that they work as intended. In this paper we examine the properties and performance of cascade measures with the goal of validating them as tools for measuring effectiveness. We explore their commonalities and differences, placing them in a unified framework; we discuss their theoretical difficulties and limitations, and compare the measures experimentally, contrasting them against traditional measures and against other approaches to measuring novelty. Data collected by the TREC 2009 Web Track is used as the basis for our experimental comparison. Our results indicate that these measures reward systems that achieve an balance between novelty and overall precision in their result lists, as intended. Nonetheless, other measures provide insights not captured by the cascade measures, and we suggest that future evaluation efforts continue to report a variety of measures.
Design of Magnetic Gear Integrated Generator with Mixed Magnetization and Eccentric Pole Method for Wave Energy Conversion (2019)

A novel magnetic gear integrated generator is proposed, which integrates magnetic gear with Halbach magnetization of outer rotor and radial magnetization of inner rotor and permanent magnet synchronous generator with eccentric rotor pole structure. The operation mechanism of the integrated generator was introduced and the principle of reducing the cogging torque of the integrated generator by the eccentric magnetic pole structure was derived. The effect of mixed magnetization and eccentric pole was analyzed by finite element method. The influence of the magnetic poles with different eccentricities of the inner side of the inner rotor on the distortion of the air gap flux density waveform was discussed. And the no-load and load characteristics of the novel magnetic gear integrated generator were verified. The novel generator has the advantages of compact structure, low cogging torque and high reliability.
Statistical shape modelling to analyse the talus in paediatric clubfoot (2021)

One fifth of idiopathic clubfoot deformities cannot be fully corrected by Serial Ponseti casting and deformity recurs in 20%-30% of cases. To avoid x-ray exposure, the joints with largely unossified bones are diagnosed with magnetic resonance images (MRI). Typically, geometric measurements are made in the MRI planes; however, this method is inaccurate compared to measurements on three-dimensional (3D) models of the joint. More accurate measurements using the 3D bone shapes may be better at identifying differences between groups; and therefore, improve diagnosis. The entire set of shape features from MRI can be analysed simultaneously through statistical shape modelling (SSM) which assesses bone morphology of clubfoot in a more sensitive way. A method for SSM of the talus is developed in this study and the shape of the normal talus is compared with the one in clubfeet with residual deformity through both geometric measurements and SSM. Significant differences between two groups were found by both methods; and therefore, might contribute to improve diagnosis of clubfoot.
[The application of cryogenic temperatures in medicine]. (2003)

An increased interest in effects of low temperatures on human organisms has been observed during last years. Low temperatures have been applied in cryotherapy and cryosurgery. In our article we show the influence of low temperatures on different physiological mechanisms and the possibility of their application in the therapy.
Immune Impact Induced by PROSTVAC (PSA-TRICOM), a Therapeutic Vaccine for Prostate Cancer (2013)

PSA-TRICOM (PROSTVAC) is a novel vector-based vaccine designed to generate a robust immune response against prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-expressing tumor cells. The purpose of this report is to present an overview of both published studies and new data in the evaluation of immune responses to the PSA-TRICOM vaccine platform, currently in phase III testing. Of 104 patients tested for T-cell responses, 57% (59/104) demonstrated a ≥ 2-fold increase in PSA-specific T cells 4 weeks after vaccine (median 5-fold increase) compared with pre-vaccine, and 68% (19/28) of patients tested mounted post-vaccine immune responses to tumor-associated antigens not present in the vaccine (antigen spreading). The PSA-specific immune responses observed 28 days after vaccine (i.e., likely memory cells) are quantitatively similar to the levels of circulating T cells specific for influenza seen in the same patients. Measurements of systemic immune response to PSA may underestimate the true therapeutic immune response (as this does not account for cells that have trafficked to the tumor) and does not include antigen spreading. Furthermore, although the entire PSA gene is the vaccine, only one epitope of PSA is evaluated in the T-cell responses. Because this therapeutic vaccine is directed at generating a cellular/Th1 immune response (T-cell costimulatory molecules and use of a viral vector), it is not surprising that less than 0.6% of patients (2/349) tested have evidence of PSA antibody induction following vaccine. This suggests that post-vaccine PSA kinetics were not affected by PSA antibodies. An ongoing phase III study will evaluate the systemic immune responses and correlation with clinical outcomes.
[Caudal regeneration in the presence of a supplemental nerve cord grafted dorsally in Nereis pelagica L. (Annelida Polychaeta)]. (1975)

In Nereis pelagica, the existence of an additional nerve cord grafted dorsally induces the differentiation on the dorsal face of the regenerate of a supernumerary area with ventral characteristics, provided the grafted nerve cord regenerates posteriorly. These results led us to think that the dorse-ventral differentiation of the body wall doesn't depend upon the nature of the stump region but is controlled by the nerve cord regenerating in the area.
A Universal Gelfoam 3-D Histoculture Method to Establish Patient-derived Cancer Cells (3D-PDCC) Without Fibroblasts from Patient-derived Xenografts (2020)

A potentially universal method to establish PDCC using PDX tumors and 3-D Gelfoam histoculture was developed.
CORRELATION OF NUCLEAR DENSITY RESULTS WITH CORE DENSITIES (1987)

The paper summarizes the findings of a research effort (a) to determine whether correlation exists between the results of nuclear density gauges and core densities obtained in the field and (b) to determine whether the use of nuclear density gauges in lieu of cores is warranted. Data were collected on two runway paving projects selected by the FAA Eastern Region using cores and three nuclear gauges (CPN M-2, Seaman C-75BP, and Troxler 3411-B). The data were analyzed statistically to identify possible correlations among the nuclear gauges and between the nuclear gauge readings and the core results. The results indicted that the level of correlation among the core and gauge results varied from gauge to gauge and from project to project. There was a higher degree of correlation among the gauges than there was between the core densities and the gauge results. It is recommended that nuclear gauges not simply be substituted for core densities if the acceptance limits have been developed for cores because the gauge results do not necessarily correlate well with the core results. If nuclear gauges are to be used for acceptance purposes, then appropriate acceptance limits should be developed for use with the gauges.
Evaluation of serum ARGS neoepitope as an osteoarthritis biomarker using a standardized model for exercise-induced cartilage extra cellular matrix turnover (2020)

sARGS sensitivity to physical activity is considered low and sARGS is a reproducible and stable marker. Minute acute increases in sARGS were observed in the hours following moderate intensity exercise.
Selective attention within the foveola (2015)

Background: We have recently shown that, contrary to the widespread assumption, vision is not uniform within the foveola, the tiny (~0.8 deg2 in area) high-acuity region of the fovea where rods are absent and cones most densely packed. Performance in fine spatial discrimination drops just a few arcminutes away from the center of the preferred retinal locus of fixation, an effect normally compensated by microsaccades, which precisely bring this locus on the object of interest. Humans can covertly shift attention away from the center of gaze toward objects in the visual periphery. However, it is unknown whether attention can also be selectively controlled within the foveola. Purpose: To test the hypothesis that, like eye movements, attention can also be selectively allocated at this microscopic scale, and facilitate target detection within the foveola. Methods: We manipulated endogenous (voluntary) attention. Observers were asked to detect the presence of targets, as fast and accurately as possible, at cued and uncued locations, with valid, neutral and invalid cues. Measuring attention shifts within the foveola is challenging because fixational eye movements continually displace the projection of the stimulus on the retina. We circumvented this problem by relying on gaze-contingent display control techniques to selectively stimulate a desired eccentricity within the foveola. We presented very small targets (5 arcminutes) at only 10 arcminutes from the center of gaze. Results: Reaction times were faster when targets were presented at cued than uncued locations. The attentional benefit (~25ms) was highly similar to that observed when stimuli were displayed outside the foveola, at 3o eccentricity. Accuracy did not differ significantly across attended and unattended locations for either eccentricity. Conclusion: These findings indicate that we are capable of selectively allocating attention to objects separated by only 20 arcminutes, revealing a remarkably high resolution of endogenous attention within the foveola. Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2015
Magnetic Field Stability Analysis on No-Insulation and Turn-to-Turn Soldered HTS Magnets Under Sinusoidal Noise Operation (2016)

The field stability of a no-insulation and a turn-to-turn soldered high-temperature superconducting (HTS) magnet is analyzed under sinusoidal noise operation. The stability of the magnetic field is a critical factor for some applications such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometer. The no-insulation and turn-to-turn soldered HTS magnets have intrinsic residual resistance which acts like a low-pass filter attached to the main magnet. The intrinsic low-pass filter can improve the time stability of the magnetic field by reducing ac noises generated by the power supply. In this paper, the improved field stability is analyzed with a no-insulation and a turn-to-turn soldered HTS magnet sample. The sample magnets are operated under sinusoidal power supply noise. Qualitative analysis is conducted by simulating the virtual NMR lineshapes based on the field mapping results obtained during sample magnet operation. Both the no-insulation and turn-to-turn soldered magnets demonstrated improved field stability, but the field stability in the turn-to-turn soldered case is greater.
Japan und das neue Zentralasien (2001)

Entgegen einer sowohl in den USA als auch in Europa weit verbreiteten Einschätzung ist Japans Politik des Engagements in Zentralasien nicht in erster Linie durch wirtschaftliche oder kommerzielle Interessen motiviert. Sie beruht vielmehr auf politischen Überlegungen, die durch ein wohlgesonnenes Gefühl der Freundschaft gegenüber diesen neuen unabhängigen Nationen der früheren Sowjetunion gekennzeichnet sind. Die asiatische Identität der Völker der Region sowie die flammenden Bitten ihrer Führer um Beistand bei der Umgestaltung der Wirtschaft haben die japanischen Entscheidungsträger dazu veranlaßt, erhebliche Summen an öffentlicher Entwicklungshilfe (ODA) an die Region zu vergeben, vor allem an die zwei Länder Kirgistan und Usbekistan, die beide nicht über größere Öl- und Gasvorkommen verfügen.
Biomedical Ti-24Nb-4Zr-7.9Sn Alloy Fabricated by Conventional Powder Metallurgy and Spark Plasma Sintering (2012)

Ti-24Nb-4Zr-7.9Sn alloy was prepared by Powder Metallurgy (PM) and Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) using titanium hydride powder, niobium powder, zirconium powder and tin powder as raw materials. The effect of sintering process on microstructure and mechanical properties was investigated by mechanical measurement and SEM. The results showed that the best sintering process by PM was at 12500C for 2 h. The relative density, tensile strength and elongation of the alloy reached 97.2%, 705MPa and 6.2%, respectively. The microstructure was a typical Widmannstatten microstructure, which possessed β-matrix and α-precipitation. The best process by SPS was at 12500C. The relative density, tensile strength and elongation of the alloy sintered by SPS reached 99.4%, 788.5MPa and 6.4%, respectively. The grain size was about 100µm and the microstructure was uniform. The fracture morphology of the alloy was ductile rupture. Compared to PM, Ti-24Nb-4Zr-7.9Sn alloy fabricated by SPS exhibited better comprehensive properties and more uniform microstructure.
T1ρ MR Imaging Is Sensitive to Evaluate Liver Fibrosis: An Experimental Study in a Rat Biliary Duct Ligation Model (2011)

http://radiology.rsna.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1148/radiol.11101638/-/DC1.
Acoustic reflectometry for airway measurements in man: implementation and validation (1993)

A practical implementation of acoustic reflectometry for determining airway areas in routine clinical use is described. Advances over previous systems include portability, free breathing during measurements, no need to equilibrate with helium/oxygen, and real-time display of airway areas. Validation of the reflectometer with an airway model gave accuracies and reproducibilities (coefficient of variation (CV)) in the range 5-10%. With human volunteers, the within-run CV was typically 10%, and the day-to-day CV was 20%. The effect of breathing pattern on airway areas is demonstrated. In ten normal volunteers, acoustic and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods of assessing pharyngeal and glottal areas were compared. The results (mean +/- SD) for the oropharynx were 1.0 +/- 0.3 cm2 acoustically and 0.9 +/- 0.5 cm2 by MRI (p = 0.77). The corresponding figures for glottal areas were 1.3 +/- 0.3 cm2 and 1.1 +/- 0.4 cm2 (p = 0.09).
Differentiating Commoditized Services in a Services Marketplace (2008)

In a services marketplace where a service is provided by multiple service providers, service offerings have to be differentiated against competitor services. Differentiation helps to sustain as well as grow market share. Strategies to differentiate service offerings have to be unintrusive - without requiring major changes to the existing service realization mechanisms. In this paper, we present a strategy for service providers to differentiate their commoditized services. We show how to identify and document differentiating aspects of a service. By unintrusively manipulating these differentiation aspects we can differentiate services from that of competition. We specify these differentiating aspects as service policies using the WS-Policy framework.