gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Implicit replication in a network file server (2002)

The design and implementation of a highly available network file server (HA-NFS) is reported. It is implemented on a network of workstations from the IBM RISC System/6000 family. HA-NFS servers preserve the semantics of the NFS protocol and can be used by existing NFS clients without modification. Therefore, existing application programs can benefit from highly availability without alteration. HA-NFS achieves storage reliability by (optionally) replicating files on different disks. However, all copies of the same file are controlled by a single server, reducing the cost of ensuring consistency. To achieve server reliability, each server is implicitly replicated by a backup that can access the server's disks if the server fails. During normal operation, the backup monitors the liveness of the server but does not maintain information about the server's internal state. Each server maintains a disk log that records state information normally kept in memory.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Effect of Preemptive Weld Overlay on Residual Stress Mitigation for Dissimilar Metal Weld of Nuclear Power Plant Pressurizer (2008)

Weld overlay is one of the residual stress mitigation methods which arrest crack initiation and crack growth. Therefore weld overlay can be applied to the region where cracking is likely to be. An overlay weld used in this manner is termed a preemptive weld overlay(PWOL). In pressurized water reactor(PWR) dissimilar metal weld is susceptible region for primary water stress corrosion cracking(PWSCC). In order to examine the effect of PWOL on residual stress mitigation, PWOL was applied to a specific dissimilar metal weld of Kori nuclear power plant by finite element analysis method. As a result, strong compressive residual stress was made in PWSCC susceptible region and PWOL was proved effective preemptive repair method for weldment.
The Application of Fluorescent Flow Cytometry for Characterization of Beer Haze. (2003)

PrĹŻtokovĂĄ cytometrie je optickĂĄ metoda, s jejĂ­Ĺž pomocĂ­ mĹŻĹžeme zĂ­skat rĹŻznĂŠ informace o ÄĂĄsticĂ­ch s velmi malĂ˝m prĹŻmÄrem (mikronovĂ˝ch a submikronovĂ˝ch ÄĂĄsticĂ­ch). Obvykle se pouĹžĂ­vĂĄ pro charakterizaci rĹŻstovĂ˝ch a morfologickĂ˝ch charakteristik bunÄÄnĂ˝ch populacĂ­ vÄetnÄ jejich intracelulĂĄrnĂ­ho sloĹženĂ­. Na tĂŠma aplikace prĹŻtokovĂŠ cytometrie na pivovarskĂŠ kvasinky jiĹž bylo publikovĂĄno nÄkolik ÄlĂĄnkĹŻ. JejĂ­ pomocĂ­ mĹŻĹžeme monitorovat a ĹĂ­dit dynamiku rĹŻstu a metabolismu pivovarskĂ˝ch kvasinek a mĹŻĹžeme takĂŠ daleko lĂŠpe popsat zakvaĹĄovĂĄnĂ­ a kvaĹĄenĂ­ piva.S vĂ˝hodou lze pouĹžĂ­t i fluorescenÄnĂ­ barvenĂ­ nÄkterĂ˝ch specifickĂ˝ch sloĹžek a lĂĄtek. VyuĹžili jsme prĹŻtokovou cytometrii k analĂ˝ze vzorkĹŻ pivovarskĂ˝ch zĂĄkalĹŻ. MÄĹili jsme poÄet ÄĂĄstic zĂĄkalu, jejich prĹŻmÄr a jejich distribuci. ProtoĹže zĂĄkal piva sestĂĄvĂĄ z ÄĂĄstic, kterĂŠ obsahujĂ­ takĂŠ rĹŻznĂŠ lĂĄtky, zkusili jsme aplikovat fluorescenÄnĂ­ barvenĂ­ takĂŠ na ÄĂĄstice zĂĄkalu piva. Pro charakterizaci ÄĂĄstic vÄtĹĄĂ­ho prĹŻmÄru jsme pouĹžili fluorescenÄnĂ­ mikroskopii. Pro toto barvenĂ­ jsme pouĹžili FITC, Fluostain I a Fura-2, coĹž jsou specifickĂĄ fluorescenÄnĂ­ barviva pro bĂ­lkoviny, fenolickĂŠ lĂĄtky a vĂĄpnĂ­k.
The Despatches, Minutes, and Correspondence of the Marquess Wellesley, K. G., during his Administration in India, Volume 3 (1837)

Richard, Marquess Wellesley (1760–1842) became one of the most controversial politicians of his generation during his time as Governor-General of Bengal (1798–1805). Although this period saw him achieve territorial gains and military victories in India - including the defeat of Tipu Sultan, the ruler of Mysore - the financial cost was considered too high. The East India Company Court of Directors in London disagreed with many of the changes he made, and Wellesley was forced to return to England. This five volume collection of papers, edited by the political activist and historian Robert Montgomery Martin (1800–1868), was published in 1836–1837 and documents Wellesley's period of office in India. Volume 3 covers the period 1802–1804, and focuses on Wellesley's turbulent relationship with the Court of Directors, to whom he had tendered his resignation, though he did not leave. It also refers to the ongoing conflict with the Maratha Empire
Layered Classification for Improved Diagnostic Isolation in Drivetrain Components (2006)

This paper investigates the enhancement of current vibration data based health monitoring techniques for helicopter drivetrain components. The authors recently adapted feature processing algorithms and developed a hierarchical classification system to discriminate between multiple bearing failure mechanisms and provide improved maintenance decision aiding. The data was collected from CH-47D/E (Chinook) main swashplate bearings set on a seeded fault test stand. The authors outline the method of using vibration-monitoring data to detect incipient bearing and drivetrain faults and differentiate between rapid and graceful failures. Fault classification was established by applying principle component analysis (PCA) using a hierarchal approach on the feature sets derived from baseline and faulted bearing data at a full range of flight operating conditions. The resulting prognostics and health management (PHM) technique is evaluated as an improvement upon current capabilities to better mitigate the risk of asset loss, reduce life cycle cost induced by unscheduled shutdown, provide fault progression capture, and allow the ability to communicate more actionable information
Use of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 and Dentin Matrix Protein-1 to Enhance the Osteointegration of the Onplant System (2003)

Onplants are known to provide absolute anchorage for orthodontic tooth movement in humans if loaded after 3 to 4 months, and can be removed after use. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the speed and effectiveness of osteointegration of onplants treated with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) and/or dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP-1) in rabbits. Fifty-four onplants were placed on the calvaria of 9 rabbits. Onplants were divided into four groups: rBMP-2, rDMP-1, BMP-2 +DMP-1 (B+D), and controls. The hydroxyapatite surface of each onplant was soaked in a solution of the assigned protein in each of the study groups or a phosphate buffer solution in the control group. Onplants were inserted into subperiosteal tunnels and allowed to heal for 6 weeks. After euthanizing the animals, bone blocks, each containing an onplant, were prepared for either histological examination or biomechanical characterization. Histological and histomorphometric results demonstrated significant bone formation at the bone-onplant interface in the BMP-2 and B+D groups when compared with DMP1 and the controls. Mechanically, onplants treated with BMP-2 withstood tensile forces between 3.4 and 5.0 kg. Onplants treated with BMP-2 and DMP1 (B+D) withstood an average of 3 kg of pulling forces. On the other hand, onplants in the DMP1 and control groups withstood forces ranging between 0 kg to 1.3 kg. These results indicate a potential of enhancing the osteointegration of onplants for early loading.
Efficient File Communication via Deduplication over Networks with Manifest Feedback (2014)

We describe a deduplication based file communication system with manifest feedback to save network bandwidth by detecting and not sending duplicate "chunks" of the file already in the procession of the receiver. The manifest feedback mechanism accelerates the file communication process over a network via reducing the overheads associated with the interactive duplication detection and query processes. Test results using a 32 GB real-world data set show that the proposed mechanism achieves over 20% file transmission execution time reduction while avoiding close to 50% of the duplication look-up operations and saving about 60% network bandwidth.
How capable is non-invasive EEG data of predicting the next movement? A mini review (2013)

In this study we summarize the features that characterize the pre-movements and pre-motor imageries (before imagining the movement) electroencephalography (EEG) data in humans from both Neuroscientists' and Engineers' point of view. We demonstrate what the brain status is before a voluntary movement and how it has been used in practical applications such as brain computer interfaces (BCIs). Usually, in BCI applications, the focus of study is on the after-movement or motor imagery potentials. However, this study shows that it is possible to develop BCIs based on the before-movement or motor imagery potentials such as the Bereitschaftspotential (BP). Using the pre-movement or pre-motor imagery potentials, we can correctly predict the onset of the upcoming movement, its direction and even the limb that is engaged in the performance. This information can help in designing a more efficient rehabilitation tool as well as BCIs with a shorter response time which appear more natural to the users.
Procedure Development and Practice Considerations for Laser-Beam Welding (1993)

Abstract Laser-beam welding (LBW) is a joining process that produces coalescence of material with the heat obtained from the application of a concentrated coherent light beam impinging upon the surface to be welded. This article describes the steps that must be considered when selecting the LBW process. It reviews the individual process variables that influence procedure development of the LBW process. Joint design and special practices related to LBW are discussed. The article concludes with a discussion on the use of consumables and special welding practices.
Experimental thick-target bremsstrahlung spectra from electrons in the range 10 to 30 keV (1975)

The x-ray spectra produced by the bombardment of thick targets with monoenergetic electrons between 10 and 30 keV have been determined as a function of the incident and emission angles. Spectra have been obtained for Al, Cu, Mo, and W using a Si(Li) detector. The electron current absorbed in the target was measured and corrected for backscattering, allowing a determination of absolute x-ray emission. A modified least-squares procedure was used to represent the spectra as analytical functions while taking into account the efficiency and resolution of the detector. The spectra show the effects of both target absorption and angular distribution of the thin-target bremsstrahlung production. Agreement with the Kramers formula is only moderate.
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition: A mechanism of resistance to VEGF pathway inhibition in genitourinary cancers. (2012)

390 Background: There is emerging clinical data that epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT), a cellular phenotype observed with aggressive disease and metastasis, is associated with resistance to angiogenesis inhibitors targeting the VEGF pathway. To better study and characterize this clinical observation we set out to generate well-defined preclinical prostate and kidney cancer models of EMT mediated resistance to the angiogenesis inhibitor sunitinib with the overarching goal to develop more effective antiangiogenic therapies in genitourinary malignancies. Methods: We screened a library of prostate and kidney cancer xenografts models for their response to the angiogenesis inhibitor sunitinib. By applying strict clinical criteria we identified models, which were refractory, resistant and also unambiguously sensitive to sunitinib. The sensitive cell lines were used to stably overexpress the EMT inducing transcription factors Twist1, Snail and ZEB1. The cell lines were then injected to form xenografts and their response to sunitinib was assessed. Correlative studies for microvascular density and cellularly mediated resistance through blood vessel maturation and myeloid cell recruitment were performed. Results: EMT mediated resistance to sunitinib was seen in both, prostate and kidney cancer models. Interestingly, EMT mediated resistance was primarily associated with an increase in blood vessel maturation. Conclusions: We present for the first time defined preclinical prostate and kidney cancer model of EMT mediated resistance to a multitargeted VEGF pathway inhibitor. These model could prove useful in our efforts to develop more effective antiangiogenic approaches in prostate cancer and kidney cancer and aid to predict response or the lack thereof to VEGF based therapies.
Evaluation of solid lubricative coatings after space environment exposure test (2009)

Moving components materials in orbit environment require surface modification with stable lubrication for preventing increase in friction due to oxidation and irradiation damages. We have prepared a stainless steel substrate and four kinds of lubricative coatings such as TiN, MoS2, mixture of Cu and BN and Cu on the substrates and installed them on the International Space Station in orbit for exposure test from about a year to three years. We have analyzed tribological properties, surface roughness, chemical concentration and so on. Most of a year exposed substrates generally decrease friction in a vacuum as well as at an atmospheric pressure and over years exposure increased friction of almost substrates. XPS analysis shows Si based contamination layer that might affect the change in tribological properties.
AutoScore: A Machine Learning–Based Automatic Clinical Score Generator and Its Application to Mortality Prediction Using Electronic Health Records (Preprint) (2020)

<sec> <title>BACKGROUND</title> Risk scores can be useful in clinical risk stratification and accurate allocations of medical resources, helping health providers improve patient care. Point-based scores are more understandable and explainable than other complex models and are now widely used in clinical decision making. However, the development of the risk scoring model is nontrivial and has not yet been systematically presented, with few studies investigating methods of clinical score generation using electronic health records. </sec> <sec> <title>OBJECTIVE</title> This study aims to propose AutoScore, a machine learning–based automatic clinical score generator consisting of 6 modules for developing interpretable point-based scores. Future users can employ the AutoScore framework to create clinical scores effortlessly in various clinical applications. </sec> <sec> <title>METHODS</title> We proposed the AutoScore framework comprising 6 modules that included variable ranking, variable transformation, score derivation, model selection, score fine-tuning, and model evaluation. To demonstrate the performance of AutoScore, we used data from the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center to build a scoring model for mortality prediction and then compared the data with other baseline models using the receiver operating characteristic analysis. A software package in R 3.5.3 (R Foundation) was also developed to demonstrate the implementation of AutoScore. </sec> <sec> <title>RESULTS</title> Implemented on the data set with 44,918 individual admission episodes of intensive care, the AutoScore-created scoring models performed comparably well as other standard methods (ie, logistic regression, stepwise regression, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, and random forest) in terms of predictive accuracy and model calibration but required fewer predictors and presented high interpretability and accessibility. The nine-variable, AutoScore-created, point-based scoring model achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.780 (95% CI 0.764-0.798), whereas the model of logistic regression with 24 variables had an AUC of 0.778 (95% CI 0.760-0.795). Moreover, the AutoScore framework also drives the clinical research continuum and automation with its integration of all necessary modules. </sec> <sec> <title>CONCLUSIONS</title> We developed an easy-to-use, machine learning–based automatic clinical score generator, AutoScore; systematically presented its structure; and demonstrated its superiority (predictive performance and interpretability) over other conventional methods using a benchmark database. AutoScore will emerge as a potential scoring tool in various medical applications. </sec>
What fresh media are you looking for? (2012)

Social networks play an increasingly important role for sharing media items related to daily life moments or for the live coverage of events. One of the problems is that media are spread over multiple social networks. In this paper, we propose a social network-agnostic approach for collecting recent images and videos which can be potentially attached to an event. These media items can be used for the automatic generation of visual summaries in the form of media galleries. Our approach includes the alignment of the varying search result formats of different social networks, while putting media items in correspondence with the status updates and stories they are related to. More precisely we leverage on: (i) visual features from media items, (ii) textual features from status updates, and (iii) social features from social networks to interpret, deduplicate, cluster, and visualize media items. We address the technical details of media item extraction and media item processing, discuss criteria for media item filtering and envision several visualization options for media presentation. Our evaluation is divided into two parts: first we assess the performances of the image process deduplication and then we propose a human evaluation of the summary creation compared with Teleportd and Twitter media galleries. A demo of our approach is publicly available at http://eventmedia.eurecom.fr/media-finder.
Monte Carlo particle modeling of electron velocity overshoot effect in MSM photodiodes (2002)

We present a numerical study of metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodiodes based on a planar structure composed of interdigitated Schottky contacts on top of a thin GaAs absorbing layer with lateral light input. A self-consistent ensemble Monte Carlo (MC) particle method with the Fourier transform of the calculated transient photocurrent is used to obtain the frequency dependent responsivity. It is shown that the MSM photodiodes can exhibit marked responsivity in terahertz range of signal frequencies even for contact spacing about few tenth of micrometer. The results of the MC simulation are discussed invoking proposed analytical model.
Egg white protein prevents hyperhomocysteinemia in folate‐deficient rats (2008)

Maintenance of homocysteine (hcy) homeostasis is regulated through folate‐independent and folate‐dependent remethylation, as well as irreversible transsulfuration. Folate deficiency perturbs hcy balance resulting in hyperhomocysteinemia, an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Because of the marked difference in sulfur amino acid profile, we conducted a study to compare egg white and casein protein with respect to their ability to prevent hyperhomocysteinemia in folate‐deficient rats. Rats were fed 20% casein or egg white protein diets for 2 wk, followed by folate‐free diet treatment in half of the rats for an additional 4 wk. As expected, hyperhomocysteinemia was seen in folate‐deficient rats fed a casein diet. However, the folate‐deficient rats fed egg white protein exhibited hcy levels that were not statistically different from those rats receiving adequate folate. It appears that the effectiveness of egg white protein to prevent hyperhomocysteinemia was due to a 40% increase in hepatic betaine methyltransferase, the enzyme that catalyzes folate‐independent hcy remethylation. Taken together, these results indicate that dietary egg white protein has a significant impact on hcy metabolism and is extremely effective in the prevention of hyperhomocysteinemia (Support: Egg Nutrition Center, Iowa Egg Council).
Klebsiella pneumoniae in orange juice concentrate (1985)

Fecal coliform-positive, capsule-forming Klebsiella pneumoniae cells were observed in high densities (10(4) to 10(8) CFU/100 ml) in two commercial batches of frozen orange juice concentrate at a cannery in Puerto Rico. Contamination of both lots was gross and included off colors and odors. Isolates of K. pneumoniae from these concentrates revealed growth at 4, 25, and 34 degrees C with generation times from 0.39 to 1.84 h.
Prostatic Carcinoma with Abundant Xanthomatous Cytoplasm (1996)

Foamy gland carcinoma, an unusual variant of prostate carcinoma, is characterized by abundant xanthomatous cytoplasm. We studied 38 needle biopsies in which at least one core contained cancer with >20% foamy morphology. On average, each cancer was 72% foamy, and 11 cancers were entirely foamy. In addition to the characteristic cytoplasm, 20 cases had abundant intraluminal dense pink amorphous secretions. Nuclear enlargement and prominent nucleoli were either absent of rare in 23 (61%) and 27 (71%) of foamy gland carcinomas, respectively. High-molecular-weight cyto-keratin stains were done in 20 cases; 19 foamy gland carcinomas were negative, confirming the diagnosis of carcinoma and one case had keratin staining inconsistent with a known benign pattern. Of the 27 cases with associated ordinary gland carcinoma on needle biopsy, 26 (96%) were Gleason sum greater than 4. Subsequent radical prostatectomy (RP) and transurethral resection demonstrating cancer were available in 17 cases. Of the 15 subsequent RPs, only five were organ-confined and only one was Gleason sum less than 5. The cancers in the RP group ranged from 1 to 90% foamy (mean, 39%). Foamy gland carcinoma must be recognized as carcinoma by its abundant foamy cytoplasm, its architectural pattern of crowded or infiltrative glands, and frequently present pink acellular secretions. The more typical features of adenocarcinoma, nuclear enlargement and prominent nucleoli, are frequently absent. Its relatively benign cytology makes this lesion difficult to recognize as carcinoma; 74% of our cases were seen in consultation. Despite its benign cytology, foamy gland carcinoma is best classified as intermediate-grade carcinoma.
Simulation of AC Loss in the Armature Windings of a 100 kW All-HTS Motor With Various (RE)BCO Conductor Considerations (2021)

Superconducting machine designs have historically focused on an isolated, cryogenic rotor and conventional (copper) stator due to unacceptable levels of AC loss in a superconducting stator. Thus, AC loss reduction in the armature windings is one of the key issues for achieving practical all-superconducting motors that could deliver an unprecedented power density and significantly reduce machine complexity. In this paper, a 100 kW, 1500 rpm, all - HTS motor operating at 65 K is designed and AC loss simulations in HTS armature windings wound with different types of (RE)BCO conductor arrangements are carried out by implementing the T-A formulation and a rotating mesh using commercial FEM software COMSOL Multiphysics. Either 4 mm-wide (RE)BCO conductors, 14/2 (14 strands, each strand is 2 mm wide) (RE)BCO Roebel cables, or striated (RE)BCO conductors with four 1 mm-wide filaments are considered in the armature windings. The simulation results show that armature windings wound with Roebel cables or striated conductors can significantly reduce the AC loss in the armature windings compared to windings wound with 4 mm-wide conductors. It is also shown that the AC loss in the armature winding wound with the 4 mm-wide (RE)BCO conductors decreases with decreasing operating temperature. The AC loss reduction can be attributed to the reduced magnetic field penetration associated with the increased Ic in the winding. Finally, a 2% AC loss reduction can be achieved in the armature winding wound with (RE)BCO conductors with asymmetric Ic (B, θ) characteristics by simply flipping the direction of the conductors of the armature winding. The simulation results in this work have practical implications for designing all-HTS superconducting rotating machines. Such machines could be suitable for H2 powered electric vehicles like large interstate trucks, heavy machinery, or locomotives.