gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of the BTRON-BrainPad (2002)

In the last few years, software tools such as electronic mail and World Wide Web browsers have greatly increased productivity. The demand to take these tools out of the office through small, lightweight hand-held devices called personal digital assistants (PDAs) has been especially fervent. Manufacturers have had to scramble to supply this demand, but have run into problems with size, weight, batteries and operating systems (OSs). In order to solve these problems, the BTRON OS was singled out because it operates on very few resources, which makes it perfect for use in PDAs, and through the addition of power management functions, Seiko Instruments Inc. (SII) was able to create the BTRON-Brain Pad, the world's first PDA to run on the BTRON OS with long-life, small batteries for lightweight portability. This paper introduces the technical specifications of the BTRON-BrainPad, as well as how power management functions were added to the newest BTRON OS (BTRON3), to enable the realization of this small-sized, lightweight and easy-to-use PDA.
Identification of large offspring syndrome during pregnancy through ultrasonography and maternal blood transcriptome analyses (2022)

Abstract The use of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) in cattle can result in large/abnormal offspring syndrome (LOS/AOS) which is characterized by macrosomia. LOS can cause dystocia and lead to the death of dam and calf. Currently, no test exists to identify LOS pregnancies. We hypothesized that fetal ultrasonography and/or maternal blood markers are useful to identify LOS. Bovine fetuses were generated by artificial insemination (control) or ART. Fetal ultrasonographies were taken on gestation day 55 (D55) and fetal collections performed on D56 or D105 (gestation in cattle ≈280 days). ART fetuses weighing ≥97 percentile of the control weight were considered LOS. Ultrasonography results show that the product of six D55 measurements can be used to identify extreme cases of LOS. To determine whether maternal blood can be used to identify LOS, leukocyte mRNA from 23 females was sequenced. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering grouped the transcriptomes of the two females carrying the two largest LOS fetuses. Comparison of the leukocyte transcriptomes of these two females to the transcriptome of all other females identified several misregulated transcripts on gestation D55 and D105 with LOC783838 and PCDH1 being misregulated at both time-points. Together our data suggest that LOS is identifiable during pregnancy in cattle.
[Cytotoxicity of chloramphenicol on cultured mammalian cells]. (1989)

Cytotoxicity of chloramphenicol on cultured mammalian cells was studied. Growth of V79 cells, derived from Chinese hamster lung was inhibited by treatment with chloramphenicol at above 300 micrograms/ml for 24 to 48 hr. Inhibitory effect on survival of V79 cells was not observed in cultures treated with chloramphenicol at 300 to 1,000 micrograms/ml for 2 to 12 hr. Meanwhile, treatment with chloramphenicol at 3,000 micrograms/ml for 2 to 24 hr elicited a dose-related reduction of cell survival. Inhibition of cell survival was also observed in cultures treated with 300 to 3,000 micrograms/ml for 24 hr in a treatment time-dependent manner. Exposure of cells to chloramphenicol at 300 to 3,000 micrograms/ml for 2 hr resulted in an inhibition of DNA-, RNA-, and protein-syntheses of the cells, in a dose-related fashion.
Effect of Different Combinations of Cryoprotectants onIn VitroMaturation of Immature Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Oocytes Vitrified by Straw and Open-Pulled Straw Methods (2008)

This study was designed to evaluate effects of different combinations of cryoprotectants on the ability of vitrified immature buffalo oocytes to undergo in vitro maturation. Straw and open-pulled straw (OPS) methods for vitrification of oocytes at the germinal vesicle stage also were compared. The immature oocytes were harvested from ovaries of slaughtered animals and were divided into three groups: (i) untreated (control); (ii) exposed to cryoprotectant agents (CPAs); or (iii) cryopreserved by straw and OPS vitrification methods. The vitrification solution (VS) consisted of 6 m ethylene glycol (EG) as the standard, control vitrification treatment, and this was compared with 3 m EG + 3 m dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), 3 m EG + 3 m glycerol, and 3 m DMSO + 3 m glycerol. Cryoprotectants were added in two steps, with the first step concentration half that of the second (and final) step concentration. After warming, oocyte samples were matured by standard methods and then fixed and stained for nuclear evaluation. Rates of MII oocytes exposed to CPAs without vitrification were lower (54.3 +/- 1.9% in EG, 47.5 +/- 3.4% in EG + DMSO, 36.8 +/- 1.2% in EG + glycerol and 29.9 +/- 1.0% in DMSO + glycerol; p < 0.05) than for the control group (79.8 +/- 1.3%). For all treatments in each vitrification experiment, results were nearly identical for straws and OPS, so all results presented are the average of these two containers. The percentages of oocytes reaching telophase-I or metaphase-II stages were lower in oocytes cryopreserved using all treatments when compared with control. However, among the vitrified oocytes, the highest maturation rate was seen in oocytes vitrified in EG + DMSO (41.5 +/- 0.6%). Oocytes cryopreserved in all groups with glycerol had an overall low maturation rate 19.0 +/- 0.6% for EG + glycerol and 17.0 +/- 1.1% for DMSO + glycerol. We conclude that the function of oocytes was severely affected by both vitrification and exposure to cryoprotectants without vitrification; the best combination of cryoprotectants was EG + DMSO for vitrification of immature buffalo oocytes using either straw or OPS methods.
Thermo‐optical constants of sesquioxide laser ceramics Yb3+:Ln2O3 (Ln=Y,Lu,Sc) (2013)

Abstract Parasitic thermal effects (thermal depolarization and thermal lens) of three Konoshima Chemical Co. laser‐ceramics samples Yb 3+ :Lu 2 O 3 (C Yb ≈1.8%), Yb 3+ :Y 2 O 3 (C Yb ≈1.8%), and Yb 3+ :Sc 2 O 3 (C Yb ≈2.5%) were measured in experiment at different pump power. The obtained results were used to calculate a number of thermo‐optical constants, which showed that sesquioxide ceramics are significantly superior to the widely used yttrium aluminum garnet Yb 3+ : Y 3 Al 5 O 12 (C Yb ≈10%). (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Synthesis, characterization, and molecular structure of oxo(porphyrinato)chromium(IV) complexes (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis, characterization, and molecular structure of oxo(porphyrinato)chromium(IV) complexesJohn T. Groves, William J. Kruper Jr., Robert C. Haushalter, and William M. ButlerCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1982, 21, 4, 1363–1368Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00134a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00134a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views825Altmetric-Citations94LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Protocadherin clusters and cell adhesion kinase regulate dendrite complexity through Rho GTPase (2012)

Dendritic patterning and spine morphogenesis are crucial for the assembly of neuronal circuitry to ensure normal brain development and synaptic connectivity as well as for understanding underlying mechanisms of neuropsychiatric diseases and cognitive impairments. The Rho GTPase family is essential for neuronal morphogenesis and synaptic plasticity by modulating and reorganizing the cytoskeleton. Here, we report that protocadherin (Pcdh) clusters and cell adhesion kinases (CAKs) play important roles in dendritic development and spine elaboration. The knockout of the entire Pcdhα cluster results in the dendritic simplification and spine loss in CA1 pyramidal neurons in vivo and in cultured primary hippocampal neurons in vitro. The knockdown of the whole Pcdhγ cluster or in combination with the Pcdhα knockout results in similar dendritic and spine defects in vitro. The overexpression of proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2, also known as CAKβ, RAFTK, FAK2, and CADTK) recapitulates these defects and its knockdown rescues the phenotype. Moreover, the genetic deletion of the Pcdhα cluster results in phosphorylation and activation of Pyk2 and focal adhesion kinase (Fak) and the inhibition of Rho GTPases in vivo. Finally, the overexpression of Pyk2 leads to inactivation of Rac1 and, conversely, the constitutive active Rac1 rescues the dendritic and spine morphogenesis defects caused by the knockout of the Pcdhα cluster and the knockdown of the Pcdhγ cluster. Thus, the involvement of the Pcdh-CAK-Rho GTPase pathway in the dendritic development and spine morphogenesis has interesting implications for proper assembly of neuronal connections in the brain.
Epitaxial growth and polarized Raman scattering of niobium dioxide films (2022)

We report the structural, electrical, and optical characterization of epitaxial niobium dioxide (NbO2) films fabricated on MgF2(001) substrates. The films were almost stoichiometric, had an indirect bandgap of 0.7 eV, and exhibited a phase transition at ∼1080 K. A polarized Raman scattering study of the films was conducted to investigate the Raman symmetry in the low-temperature phase. Based on the angular-dependent polarized Raman spectra, we assigned 13 modes to Ag symmetry and 14 to Bg symmetry. We also evaluated the Raman tensor elements of the Bg modes and found that the off-diagonal elements were nearly zero in most of the Bg modes, except for a phonon mode at 267 cm−1. This study aids understanding of the lattice dynamics of NbO2, which plays a critical role in the phase transition.
An experimental comparison of several non linear controllers for power converters (2002)

In this paper, the authors present an experimental comparative study of five controllers for boost DC-to-DC power converters recently reported in the control literature. They all enjoy some provable stability properties, which are briefly recalled in the paper. To carry out these experiments, the authors constructed a low cost electronic card, which captures the essential features of a commercial product, but with all the sensors required to monitor the behaviour of the system. The algorithms are compared with respect to ease of implementation, in particular their sensitivity to the tuning parameters, and closed-loop performance. The latter is evaluated with the standard criteria of steady-state and transient behaviour, and disturbance attenuation. Motivated by the experimental evidence, they propose several modifications to the basic schemes, for some of them they establish some new theoretical results.
Study of multichannel amplitude compression and linear amplification for persons with sensorineural hearing loss (1981)

Experiments were conducted on five listeners with sensorineural hearing impairments using two 16-channel, computer-controlled, amplitude compression systems, and four linear systems. One of the compression systems was designed to restore normal equal loudness contours, the other employed reduced high-frequency emphasis and reduced compression ratios. The linear systems differed only in their frequency-gain characteristics (orthotelephonic plus three characteristics with high-frequency emphasis that were expected to produce better results than orthotelephonic). In the main experiment, all systems were compared for each listener using nonsense CVC monosyllables and sentence materials spoken by male and female talkers and presented in quiet/anechoic and noisy/reverberant environments at the most comfortable level for each listener. The linear systems with high-frequency emphasis performed substantially better than the orthotelephonic system. Performance with compression was generally slightly worse than with linear amplification. Compression was superior to linear amplification only when speech materials with significant item-to-item level variation were used in quiet with subjects with more severe losses and when reduced input speech levels were used. To the extent that these two conditions represent real-life communication conditions, these results suggest that compression is preferable to linear amplification in a wearable hearing aid.
Schizophrénie et toxoplasmose (2009)

Schizophrenia is one of the most severe and disabling psychiatric disease that affects about 1 % of the adult worldwide population. Aetiology of schizophrenia is still unknown but genetic and environmental factors are suspected to play a major role in its onset. Recent epidemiologic studies indicate that infectious agents may contribute to some cases of schizophrenia. In particular, several epidemiological, behavioural and neurochemical studies suggested the existence of an association between schizophrenia and past history of primo-infection by the Toxoplasma gondii. However, they are some limitations for this hypothesis among which the lack of correlation between the geographic distribution of both diseases and of direct evidence for the presence of the parasite in schizophrenic patients. Nevertheless the identification of physiopathological mechanisms related to the parasite could provide a better comprehension to the outcome of schizophrenia. Studies on the link between toxoplasmosis and schizophrenia may provide interesting data for the diagnosis and the development of new treatments for this disorder.
Quantifizierung von Gesichtsasymmetrien Eine Methode zur Objektivierung von Beeinträchtigungen der Gesichtsmotorik; eine Pilotstudie - Quantification of Facial Asymmetries A Method of Objectifying Motor Impairments Following Facial Nerve Injuries; a Pilot Study (1992)

The aim of this study was to develop a method of objectively evaluating the results of a dynamic reconstruction of facial nerve paralysis by means of nerve transplants with a view to reinnervating a free muscle transplant. The Vicon 3 D motion analysis system was used to measure the distances and movements of marker points on the face of the patient. This objective technique permits evaluation of the operation as well as the results of treatment.
Binocular processes in vernier acuity (1995)

We investigate the role of binocular mechanisms in vernier acuity, using dichoptic variants of spatial-frequency masking and flank-line interference paradigms. The finding that grating masks and flanking lines presented to one eye elevate (worsen) thresholds for detecting vernier offsets presented to the other eye suggests that neural mechanisms mediating vernier acuity receive binocular inputs, thus placing the loci of these mechanisms at postreceptoral sites. The observation that these threshold elevation effects are orientation dependent is consistent with a contribution to vernier acuity from oriented cortical filters.
NMR assignments of tryptophan residue in apo and holo LBD‐rVDR (2005)

Binding sites in the full-length, ligand-binding domain of rat vitamin D receptor (LBD-rVDR) for an active hormone derived from vitamin D (1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3)) and three of its C-2 substituted analogs were compared by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Specific residue labeled with [UL]-(15)N(2) Trp allowed assignment of the side-chain H(epsilon1) and N(epsilon1) resonances of the single tryptophan residue at position 282 in LBD-rVDR. Comparison of (1)H[(15)N] Heteronuclear Single Quantum Correlation (HSQC) spectra of apo and holo LBD-rVDR revealed that the position of the Trp282 H(epsilon1) and N(epsilon1) signals are sensitive to the presence of the ligand in the receptor cavity. Binding of the ligands to LBD-rVDR results in a shift of both Trp H(epsilon1) and N(epsilon1) resonances to lower frequencies. The results indicate that the interaction between the ligands and Trp282 is not responsible for differences in calcemic activity observed in vitamin D analogs.
Mechanism of molnupiravir-induced SARS-CoV-2 mutagenesis (2021)

Molnupiravir is an orally available antiviral drug candidate that is in phase III trials for the treatment of COVID-19 patients 1,2 . Molnupiravir increases the frequency of viral RNA mutations 3,4 and impairs SARS-CoV-2 replication in animal models 4-6 and in patients 2 . Here we establish the molecular mechanisms that underlie molnupiravir-induced RNA mutagenesis by the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Biochemical assays show that the RdRp readily uses the active form of molnupiravir, β-D-N4-hydroxycytidine (NHC) triphosphate, as a substrate instead of CTP or UTP. Incorporation of NHC monophosphate into nascent RNA does not impair further RdRp progression. When the RdRp uses the resulting RNA as a template, NHC directs incorporation of either G or A, leading to mutated RNA products. Structural analysis of RdRp-RNA complexes containing mutagenesis products shows that NHC can form stable base pairs with either G or A in the RdRp active center, explaining how the polymerase escapes proofreading and synthesizes mutated RNA. This two-step mutagenesis mechanism likely applies to various viral polymerases and can explain the broad-spectrum antiviral activity of molnupiravir.
Kass handbook of infectious diseases: Exotic viral infections (1997)

Journal Article Kass Handbook of Infectious Diseases: Exotic Viral Infections. J. S. Porterfield (editor). Chapman & Hall Medical, 1995. xiv 385 pp. Price £85.00. ISBN 0-412-63030-3 Get access Kass Handbook of Infectious Diseases: Exotic Viral Infections. Porterfield J. S. (editor). Chapman & Hall Medical, 1995. xiv 385 pp. Price £85.00. ISBN 0-412-63030-3. P.A. Nuttall P.A. Nuttall Institute of Virology and Environmental Microbiology Mansfield Road Oxford, OX1 3SR, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Volume 91, Issue 1, January-February 1997, Pages 95–96, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0035-9203(97)90417-X Published: 01 January 1997
Transcriptional activation of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein by Sox9, Sox5, and Sox6 transcription factors and CBP/p300 coactivators (2007)

The gene for cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) encodes a noncollagenous matrix protein that is expressed predominantly in cartilage. COMP gene expression is deficient in the Sox9-null mouse, but the molecular mechanism remains unknown. We have previously delineated a 30-bp negative regulatory element (NRE) and a 51-bp positive regulatory element (PRE) in the regulatory region of the COMP gene. Subsequently we isolated LRF transcription repressor as an NRE-binding protein and established that LRF inhibits COMP gene expression via recruiting histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) to the COMP promoter. In this study we demonstrated that Sox9, an essential transcription factor of chondrogenesis, binds to the COMP promoter at the PRE in which 13 nucleotides (TGTTTACCTTGTG) are required for the binding of Sox9. Sox9 activates COMP gene expression and this activation is PRE-dependent. Sox9 is required for COMP gene expression during chondrogenesis, since repression of Sox9 expression using the small interfering RNA approach inhibited COMP gene expression. In addition, activation of COMP gene expression by Sox9 requires the participation of transcription factors Sox5 and Sox6 as well as the coactivators CBP and p300 histone acetylase. It appears that there exists a balance between LRF repressor and Sox9 activator in the control of COMP gene, since transactivation of COMP gene by Sox9 was abolished by the coexpression of LRF, and excess Sox9 overcame the LRF-mediated inhibition. This study provides the first evidence that Sox9 directly associates with COMP gene promoter and that mediation of COMP gene activation by Sox9 involves Sox5, Sox6, CBP, and p300 coactivators.
Minimally invasive cardiac surgery for removal of the greater saphenous vein. (1996)

Saphenous vein can be harvested quickly and safely by a minimally invasive method. Lower extremity complications may be reduced and long-term patency improved with this in-situ technique of vein removal.
Description and Nomenclature ofNeisseria meningitidisCapsule Locus (2013)

Pathogenic Neisseria meningitidis isolates contain a polysaccharide capsule that is the main virulence determinant for this bacterium. Thirteen capsular polysaccharides have been described, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy has enabled determination of the structure of capsular polysaccharides responsible for serogroup specificity. Molecular mechanisms involved in N. meningitidis capsule biosynthesis have also been identified, and genes involved in this process and in cell surface translocation are clustered at a single chromosomal locus termed cps. The use of multiple names for some of the genes involved in capsule synthesis, combined with the need for rapid diagnosis of serogroups commonly associated with invasive meningococcal disease, prompted a requirement for a consistent approach to the nomenclature of capsule genes. In this report, a comprehensive description of all N. meningitidis serogroups is provided, along with a proposed nomenclature, which was presented at the 2012 XVIIIth International Pathogenic Neisseria Conference.