gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The microtubule lattice and plus-end association of Drosophila Mini spindles is spatially regulated to fine-tune microtubule dynamics (2020)

An in vivo structure–function analysis of the Drosophila homologue Mini spindles (Msps) identified novel domains that are necessary for the interplay between the conserved TOG domains and inter-TOG microtubule (MT) binding that underlies the ability of Msps to promote MT dynamic instability.Individual microtubules (MTs) exhibit dynamic instability, a behavior in which they cycle between phases of growth and shrinkage while the total amount of MT polymer remains constant. Dynamic instability is promoted by the conserved XMAP215/Dis1 family of microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs). In this study, we conducted an in vivo structure–function analysis of the Drosophila homologue Mini spindles (Msps). Msps exhibits EB1-dependent and spatially regulated MT localization, targeting to microtubule plus ends in the cell interior and decorating the lattice of growing and shrinking microtubules in the cell periphery. RNA interference rescue experiments revealed that the NH2-terminal four TOG domains of Msps function as paired units and were sufficient to promote microtubule dynamics and EB1 comet formation. We also identified TOG5 and novel inter-TOG linker motifs that are required for targeting Msps to the microtubule lattice. These novel microtubule contact sites are necessary for the interplay between the conserved TOG domains and inter-TOG MT binding that underlies the ability of Msps to promote MT dynamic instability.
The application of the cell method in a clinical assessment of bone fracture risk. (2007)

The aim of this paper is to introduce a new technique for in vivo quantification of bone structure fracture risk. The elastic properties of the architecture obtained from bone digital radiographic images are determined using the cell method. Compression tests are simulated and the results of the numerical analysis are indexed. Such an index is considered to be indicative of the bone structure capabilities. The first clinical validation was carried on at CSMMO, Centro Studi Malattie Metaboliche dell'Osso (Gorizia, Italy), showing that this technique can improve the diagnosis and help a physician in the identification of an actual fracture risk. The examination is not expensive, uses instrumentation that is widely available and therefore could be easily introduced in clinical use as a complement to the current osteoporosis diagnosis methodologies.
Biosynthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin by de novo and salvage pathways in adrenal medulla extracts, mammalian cell cultures, and rat brain in vivo. (1983)

Mammalian cells and tissues were found to have two pathways for the biosynthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4): (i) the conversion of GTP to BH4 by a methotrexate-insensitive de novo pathway, and (ii) the conversion of sepiapterin to BH4 by a pterin salvage pathway dependent on dihydrofolate reductase (5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate: NADP+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.5.1.3) activity. In a Chinese hamster ovary cell mutant lacking dihydrofolate reductase (DUKX-B11), endogenous formation of BH4 proceeds normally but, unlike the parent cells, these cells or extracts of them do not convert sepiapterin or 7,8-dihydrobiopterin to BH4. KB cells, which do not contain detectable levels of GTP cyclohydrolase or BH4 but do contain dihydrofolate reductase, readily convert sepiapterin to BH4 and this conversion is completely prevented by methotrexate. In supernatant fractions of bovine adrenal medulla, the conversion of sepiapterin to BH4 is completely inhibited by methotrexate. Similarly, this conversion in rat brain in vivo is methotrexate-sensitive. Sepiapterin and 7,8-dihydrobiopterin apparently do not enter the de novo pathway of BH4 biosynthesis and may be derived from labile intermediates which have not yet been characterized.
Creatinine metabolite, HMH (5-hydroxy-1-methylhydantoin; NZ-419), modulates bradykinin-induced changes in vascular smooth muscle cells (2014)

A creatinine metabolite, 5-hydroxy-1-methylhydantoin (HMH: NZ-419), a hydroxyl radical scavenger, has previously been shown to confer renoprotection by inhibiting the progression of chronic kidney disease in rats. In the current study, we demonstrate that HMH modulates the effects of glucose and bradykinin (BK) in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC). HMH a novel anti-oxidant drug completely suppressed the expression of B2-kinin receptors (B2KR) in response to high glucose (25 mM) stimulation in VSMC and was also shown to attenuate the effects of BK on VSMC remodeling. HMH inhibited the BK-induced increase in MAPK phosphorylation and attenuated the increase in connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) protein levels in VSMC. These findings suggest that HMH may confer vascular protection against high glucose concentrations and BK-stimulation to ameliorate vascular injury and remodeling through its anti-oxidant properties.
DNA rearrangements in MPC-11 immunoglobulin heavy chain class-switch variants. (1982)

Immunoglobulin heavy chain class switching has been observed in vitro. In the IgG2b-producing MPC-11 mouse myeloma cell line, IgG2a-producing cells arise at a high frequency. In some cases, switch variants producing normal-sized (Mr 55,000) gamma 2a heavy chains have arisen spontaneously from a mutagen-induced "intermediate" (ICR 9.7.1) that produces an unusually large (Mr 75,000) heavy chain. Other switch variants have been isolated directly from the parent cell line. The expressed and unexpressed gamma 2b genes of MPC-11 can be distinguished in restriction endonuclease digests of total genomic DNA so that DNA rearrangements detected in MPC-11 variants can be directly associated with one or the other of these two genes. We describe here DNA rearrangements occurring on the expressed heavy chain chromosome of several MPC-11 gamma 2a switch variants and on the expressed chromosome of the ICR 9.7.1 intermediate. Our data indicate that all of these variants express the parental heavy chain variable region (VH) gene, supporting previous protein studies. We provide mapping data for the expressed gene of both ICR 9.7.1 and one of the IgG2a-producing variant cell lines (ICR 9.9.2.1) derived from it and discuss the advantages of an in vitro switching system for examining the dynamics of the immunoglobulin heavy chain class switch.
Comparison of 32P-postlabeling and high pressure liquid chromatographic analyses for 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene–DNA adducts (1988)

[3H]7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-modified DNA obtained from mouse cells in culture was enzymatically hydrolyzed to nucleoside 3'-phosphates, postlabeled with [32P]phosphate, and the carcinogen-modified nucleoside bisphosphates were separated by thin layer chromatography. Each adduct spot was eluted, dephosphorylated and the resulting [3H]nucleoside adducts were analyzed by high pressure liquid chromatography so that the structural information available for the liquid chromatographic peaks could be applied to the spots obtained from the postlabeling procedure. After this cross referencing, specific dihydrodiol epoxide-nucleotide adducts can now be monitored by the postlabeling technique.
Plasmodium falciparum Merozoite Vaccine in Aotus Monkeys: An Evaluation of the Tolerableness of Three Types of Adjuvants (1984)

Eight Aotus trivirgatus monkeys were included in a comparative study of adverse reactions caused by 3 types of malarial vaccine. The antigen consisted of late schizonts and merozoites combined with each of 3 adjuvants, a lipoidal amine CP-20,961, a muramyl dipeptide derivative [B30]-MDP, or Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA); 3 monkeys received CP-20,961 and 3 [B30]-MDP, whereas the FCA vaccine was given to 2 animals. All the vaccine combinations caused some adverse reactions, but their nature and intensity varied. Oedema, petechiae and/or ecchymosis, induration, and formation of fluctuating masses at the injection site were the local reactions observed, but except for the FCA group, all reactions disappeared without notable sequelae. Fever was the commonest general reaction, being mildest in the [B30]-MDP group. A transient increase (about 50%) in leukocyte count and a decrease (15-20%) in red blood cell count were observed in all animals, regardless of the type of adjuvant or whether it was a primary or booster injection in question. However, because the vaccine using [B30]-MDP evoked the mildest reactions, this may be the one most promising for future human studies if its protective efficacy is proven.
A virtual pilot assistant system for single pilot operations of commercial transport aircraft (2017)

The paper presents the conceptual design of a Virtual Pilot Assistant (VPA) based on an analysis of the requirements for single-pilot operations of commercial transport aircraft. In particular, the analysis takes into account existing literature on single pilot operations from general aviation and military standards. The analysis also considers relevant human factors engineering and system design aspects of Remotely-Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS) and conventional two-pilot aircraft. The VPA performs a real-time assessment of the single-pilot‟s cognitive states as well as making predictions on the performance levels of the single pilot, thereby providing complementary and timely support to the single pilot as required. In case of pilot incapacitation, the VPA enables the single-pilot aircraft to be operated as an RPAS, allowing ground operators to take over as necessary and make an emergency landing at a suitable location.
Knowledge based Question and Answering system using user feedback (2018)

The knowledge database consists of facts about specific domain. Knowledge about specific domain is spread across in web. There is a need for some mechanism to represent the knowledge in a database for effective information retrieval through user query. In this paper we have implemented Knowledge Retrieval System (KRS) with user feedback to retrieve the most relevant answer. Knowledge is gathered for Ionic framework via web crawler from various sources and KRS is stored in a database after being analyzed, modeled and indexed. The indexed knowledge base is optimized by training it using a learning engine which incorporates user feedback. The ranking of the content, changes, based on user preference. The system is designed to be agnostic of the data that it works on and hence can be ported for various knowledge base domains. The system is capable to work on any type of knowledge information just by changing the retrieval data set. The result shows that user feedback improves the indexer mechanism and results in better retrieval.
Cleavage of Disulfide Bonds in Cystine by UV-B Illumination Mediated by Tryptophan or Tyrosine as Photosensitizers (2020)

Photolytic cleavage of disulfide bonds in proteins by UV light will influence their structure and functionality. The present study aimed to investigate the efficiency of disulfide cleavage by UV-B light in a system without a protein backbone consisting of combinations of cystine (a disulfide) and tryptophan (Trp) or tyrosine (Tyr) under anaerobic and aerobic conditions and to identify oxidation products formed by UV-B light. Cystine was reduced to cysteine (Cys) almost with a 1:1 stoichiometry by photoexcited Trp for anaerobic equimolar aqueous solutions (each 200 μM; pH 7.0), while photoexcited Tyr provided lower concentrations of Cys. The calculation of apparent quantum yields allowed for a comparison between the efficiency of reactions and showed that formation of Cys from disulfide cleavage of cystine was more efficient by photoexcited Trp than by photoexcited Tyr and of cystine alone and that Trp was more sensitive to photodegradation than Tyr and cystine under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Increasing the ratio between cystine and Trp to a 1:2 ratio did not increase the efficiency of free thiol formation but caused a more efficient photodegradation of Trp. The free thiol formed from disulfide cleavage of cystine was further oxidized to other unidentified compounds. Trp oxidation products (3-hydroxykynurenine (3-OH-Kyn) and tryptamine) were only identified in minor concentrations following light exposure of cystine and Trp in 1:1 and 1:2 ratios under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, indicating further photodegradation to unidentified compounds. 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) was formed from the oxidation of Tyr in the illuminated samples of cystine and Tyr in a 1:1 ratio under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions.
Development of an isotoxic decision support system integrating genetic markers of toxicity for the implantation of a rectum spacer (2018)

This study was a proof-of-concept for an isotoxic model with genetic biomarkers with a V-IRS as a multifactorial decision support system for the decision of a placement of an IRS.
A Bi-Dimensional User Profile to Discover Unpopular Web Sources (2015)

The discovery of new sources of information on a given topic is a prominent problem for Experts in Intelligence Analysis (EIA) who cope with the search of pages on specific and sensitive topics. Their information needs are difficult to express with queries and pages with sensitive content are difficult to find with traditional search engines as they are usually poorly indexed. We propose a double vector to model EIA's information needs, composed of DBpedia resources and keywords, both extracted from Web pages provided by the user. We also introduce a new similarity measure that is used in a Web source discovery system called DOWSER. DOWSER aims at providing users with new sources of information related to their needs without considering the popularity of a page. A series of experiments provides an empirical evaluation of the whole system.
Performance of wireless OFDM system channel estimation with different pilot patterns (2005)

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is well-known to be effective against multipath distortion. Channel estimation for mobile OFDM systems requires transmission of pilot symbols. The paper addresses the important issue of selecting the location of these pilot symbols to achieve low error rates. It addresses the effect of Doppler spread of the channel on different pilot arrangements and proposes a new scheme for inserting pilot symbols. It is shown that, for pedestrian channels, the proposed scheme performs better than other pilot insertion schemes.
DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM DISSOLUTION OF COMPLEX NONAQUEOUS PHASE LIQUID MIXTURES INTO THE AQUEOUS PHASE (2002)

Human health risks posed by hazardous substances seeping from a pool of nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) into groundwater change over time because the more soluble compounds such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) dissolve faster into the aqueous phase than less soluble compounds such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Long-term dissolution from diesel fuel into the aqueous phase was determined experimentally in a continuous flow-through system using the slow-stirring method. The data obtained are interpreted using a dynamic equilibrium dissolution model based on Raoult's law. The predicted temporal development of aqueous concentrations are in good agreement with the experimental results. When a compound in the NAPL approaches complete depletion, a tailing behavior is observed, which is assigned to nonequilibrium effects, such as mass transfer limitations in the NAPL phase. The model predicted an increase of the mean molar mass of the diesel fuel of 1.5% over the entire experimental period. It should be noted that, if the dissolution process were to proceed further, the change in the mean molar mass could become significant and render the simple model inaccurate. Yet the simple model supports the assessment of initial action after a contamination event as well as the planning of long-term remedial strategies.
On the Origins of Advance Fee Fraud Electronic Mails: A Technical Investigation Using Internet Protocol Address Tracers (2011)

One issue that is concerning to the web security community is the correct identification of the origins of advance fee fraud mails. This has serious implications for directing concerted efforts towards mitigating the malaise in the right direction. Although previous research (Cuckier et al, 2007, Gbenga, 2007; Igwe, 2007; Progame, 2007) opined that these mails originate mainly from Nigeria and other West African Countries, research is warranted using available tracking tools to validate previously held notions about the issue of advance fee e-fraud mails. We harvested in real-time aggregated advance fraud e-mails over a two year period using the sinkhole aggregation methodology as proposed by Abhinav et al (2008), Using freeware e-mail and internet protocol address tracers, we obtained results that deviates from the generally held believes about the origins of advance fee fraud e-mails. Our findings have implications for research on spam filtering and by extension web security.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) Infused Cow Necklace - For Diagnosis Of Bovine Respiratory Diseases (2018)

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a significant cost to dairy industries. In the United States, an estimated 640 million dollars is lost annually due to BRD. Respiratory diseases are responsible for 21.3% of mortality in calves and 50.4% of deaths in weaned heifers. Additionally, there are many negative long-term consequences for survivor calves including poor growth, reproductive performance, milk production, and longevity and can become sources of infection for other calves, and can cause outbreaks after weaning in-group pens. BRD poses huge challenges and economic losses to the dairy industry. This research paper addresses the challenge by developing and deploying Convolutional neural networks (CNN) that proactively detect BRD in cow's cough and alerts dairy farmer. The paper presents prototyping solution of Dairy IoT Cow $NecKlace^{TM}$ as well as its application and experimental results.
Utilisation d’un modèle de co-culture cellulaire pour l’évaluation in vitro du transport inverse du cholestérol (2012)

De nouveaux modèles cellulaires in vitro par transfert de milieu et par coculture ont été mis au point afin d’évaluer la capacité des HDL à éliminer l’excès de cholestérol des tissus périphériques et de le transporter vers le foie afin d’être excrété par le foie, un processus nommé le transport inverse du cholestérol (TIC). Le système cellulaire par transfert in vitro où des macrophages J774 sont gorgés de LDL acétylées et marqués au 3H-cholestérol a été préalablement établi afin de mesurer par scintillation l’efflux de cholestérol marqué vers le milieu de culture contenant des accepteurs de cholestérol. Ce milieu conditionné est transféré sur des cellules HepG2 afin d’étudier l’influx du cholestérol marqué. Ce dernier nous permet d’observer un transport de cholestérol de 25 % hors des J774 et un transport de 39 000 cpm dans les HepG2 en utilisant un milieu contenant 2 % de sérums humains mis en commun. Une stimulation des cellules J774 par l’AMPc augmente l’efflux et l’influx d’environ 45 %. Des tests de preuve de concept ont été effectués sur le système cellulaire par co-culture qui utilise des chambres de Boyden où les J774 sont localisées au fond d’un puits et les HepG2 dans un insert, et où le milieu est partagé entre les deux types cellulaires. On a déterminé qu’une confluence densité de 60 000 cellules/cm2 sur un insert constitué d’une membrane de polyester avec des pores de 3,0 μm, sans autre revêtement, permet d’observer un influx spécifique au sérum d’environ 6 000 cpm associés aux cellules HepG2, où 50 % des comptes radioactifs sont dans les cellules et l’autre moitié présente à la surface cellulaire.
FRACTURE OF THE DISTAL CLAVICLE WITH DETACHMENT OF THE CORACOCLAVICULAR LIGAMENTS IN ADULTS (1963)

From the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University and the New York Orthopaedic Hospital, Columbia- Presbyterian Medical Center, New York, N. Y.
Boolean satisfiability in electronic design automation (2000)

Boolean Satisfiability (SAT) is often used as the underlying model for a significant and increasing number of applications in Electronic Design Automation (EDA) as well as in many other fields of Computer Science and Engineering. In recent years, new and efficient algorithms for SAT have been developed, allowing much larger problem instances to be solved. SAT “packages” are currently expected to have an impact on EDA applications similar to that of BDD packages since their introduction more than a decade ago. This tutorial paper is aimed at introducing the EDA professional to the Boolean satisfiability problem. Specifically, we highlight the use of SAT models to formulate a number of EDA problems in such diverse areas as test pattern generation, circuit delay computation, logic optimization, combinational equivalence checking, bounded model checking and functional test vector generation, among others. In addition, we provide an overview of the algorithmic techniques commonly used for solving SAT, including those that have seen widespread use in specific EDA applications. We categorize these algorithmic techniques, indicating which have been shown to be best suited for which tasks.
Case Studies of Air Filtration at Microscales: Micro- and Nanofiber Media (2008)

In this work, 3–D fibrous geometries are developed to resemble the microstructure of spun-bonded and electrospun filters media and used here to simulate their filtration efficiency and pressure drop. For the sake of simplicity, a continuum flow theory was considered to prevail for the case of spun-bonded media (microfiber media) whereas our electrospun media (nanofiber media) were assumed to be in a free molecular flow regime. Our simulations results are in good general agreement with the experimental data. Especially, in predicting media's pressure drop, our results show better predictions when compared to some of the existing models. We also quantitatively demonstrated that by decreasing the fiber diameter, the minimum collection efficiency of the media having identical pressure drops increases. This effect is accompanied by a decrease in the particle diameter associated with these minimum efficiencies – the most penetrating particle diameter. Studying the influence of the gas temperature, we showed that filter's efficiency increases as the gas temperature increases. Conversely, the filter's pressure drop decreases by increasing the gas temperature.
Essential oil and aroma composition of leaves, stalks and roots of celery(Apium graveolens var. dulce)from Tunisia (2012)

Volatiles of leaves, stalks and roots of Tunisian celery (Apium graveolens var. dulce) were extracted either by hydrodistillation or by maceration in organic solvents. After concentration, essential oils and aroma extracts were studied by gas chromatography (GC) and GC–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). A high proportion of essential oils and aroma extracts consisted of phthalides with 74.6–76.6% in leaves, 56.8–74.1% in stalks and 57.7–79.7% in roots. The studied organs were particularly characterized by appreciable levels of terpene hydrocarbons (17.0–31.5%). Also, results showed that stalks were particularly rich in phenols with 8.7% of total volatiles. The main volatile constituents identified in the different extracts were (Z)-3-butylidenephthalide (27.8–38.4% in leaves, 30.5–38.9% in stalks, 30.5–52.0% in roots), 3-butyl-4,5-dihydrophthalide (34.2–41.0% in leaves, 24.1–27.8% in stalks, 12.3–13.2% in roots) and α-thujene (7.9–9.9% in leaves, 7.5–14.0% in stalks, 7.0–12.4% in roots). The three studied organs of A. graveolens (leaves, stalks and roots) could be considered good sources of phthalides known for their anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and insecticidal properties. Nevertheless, the efficiency in the extraction of these bioactive compounds depends on both the organ and the method used.