gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anti‐fibrotic Effects of Chinese Herbal Formula ALF in Mice (2015)

Liver fibrosis is a common pathologic outcome of all chronic liver injuries which have caused about 800,000 deaths per year worldwide which lack of effective measures to treat. This project aims to investigate the efficacy of a novel anti‐liver fibrosis herbal formula ALF, which consists of aqueous extract of Schisandrae Fructus , Artemisiae Scopariae Herba , Astragali Radix and Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma in mice. To achieve the study purpose, bile duct ligation (BDL) was used to induce liver fibrosis. 60 ICR male mice were divided into 4 groups: (1)Sham group, (2)Control group (BDL), (3)Low dose ALF group (3g/kg, BDL), (4)High dose ALF group (6g/kg, BDL). At the end of experiment, blood and liver tissues were collected. When compared with the control group, High dose ALF significantly attenuated the liver enlargement and functional injury by decreasing liver weight (p&lt;0.05), ALT(p&lt;0.001) and total bilirubin levels (p&lt;0.05). Sirius Red staining also demonstrated a significant reduction in fibrosis (p&lt;0.001). Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the deposition of collagen I and III were decreased very significantly in the ALF treatment groups (p&lt;0.001). The fibrosis related genes MMP1a and MMP2 mRNA levels were also significantly up‐regulated, while Col1a1, Col3a1 and TIMP1 mRNA levels were significantly down‐regulated by high dose ALF(p&lt;0.05). We have presented the first evidence that aqueous extract of herbal formula ALF showed anti‐fibrotic effects in mice.
SU‐DD‐A3‐04: Quantitative Evaluation of Cone Beam Digital Tomosynthesis (CBDT) for Image‐Guided Radiation Therapy (2006)

Purpose: Cone beam digital tomosynthesis (CBDT) is a new imaging technique proposed by us recently as a rapid approach for creating cross sectional images of a patient in the radiotherapy treatment room. Similar to the cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) approach, the CBDT uses an X‐ray source and an X‐ray detector on a Linac to acquire projection data by rotation around the patient. Unlike CBCT, CBDT utilizes partial scans, typically in the range of 20–60 degrees of gantry arc. The purposes of this work are (1) to evaluate quantitatively the image quality of CBDT in terms of signal‐to‐noise ratio and spatial resolution; (2) to demonstrate that we can use CBDT to image soft tissue targets, e.g., the prostate. Method and Materials: An experimental CBDT system has been built on a Linac with a recently developed flat‐panel detector. A number of phantoms including a spatial resolution phantom, two contrast‐detail phantoms and a custom‐made anthropomorphic pelvic phantom (CIRS Inc.) were used in the evaluation. CBDT phantom images have been generated and analyzed for different degrees of gantry arc and compared to those from CBCT. Results: Quantitative results on signal‐to‐noise ratio and spatial resolution have been obtained for different degrees of gantry arc. Compared to CBCT, CBDT has a worse spatial resolution in the direction perpendicular to the planes of reconstruction but a better resolution in the parallel direction. The image quality of CBDT is acceptable in the planes most relevant to the treatment. It has been shown that the prostate is visible on CBDT reconstructed images of the pelvic phantom. Conclusion: This work indicates that the CBDT approach can be a viable and rapid tomographical imaging technique for treatment verification in radiotherapy. Conflict of Interest: This work was partially supported by Siemens Medical Solutions, Inc.
Acute safety, effectiveness, and real-world clinical usage of ultra-high density mapping for ablation of cardiac arrhythmias: results of the TRUE HD study (2018)

In the TRUE HD study mapping was associated with rates of acute success and complications consistent with previously published reports. Importantly, a low percentage of events (0.57%) was attributed to the mapping catheter. When performed, validation mapping was useful for identifying additional targets for ablation in the majority of patients.
ChemInform Abstract: The Bismuth (III) Chloride Mediated N‐Derivatization of L‐Proline and Pipecolinic Esters in Aqueous Media. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Sample-Efficient Spatio-Spectral Whitespace Detection Using Least Matching Pursuit (2021)

Multi-antenna wireless communication improves spectral efficiency by reusing frequencies at different locations in space using beamforming and spatial multiplexing. In the past, research has extensively focused on dynamically reusing unused frequency bands to optimize spectrum usage, but methods that identify unused resources in space appear to be unexplored. In this paper, we propose a sample-efficient whitespace detection pipeline for multi-antenna radio-frequency (RF) transceivers that detects unused resources in both frequency and space. Our spatio-spectral whitespace detection pipeline relies on multi-antenna nonuniform wavelet sampling, which identifies unused frequencies in space at sub-Nyquist sampling rates. We demonstrate the efficacy of our approach via system simulations and show that reliable spatio-spectral whitespace detection is possible with 16× lower sampling rates than methods relying on Nyquist sampling.
Signal conditioner for MEMS based piezoresistive sensor (2010)

Silicon piezoresistors are widely used for making microsensors like pressure sensors, accelerometers etc. A major problem associated with piezoresistive sensors is their dependence of resistance with respect to temperature. This paper proposes a novel low-cost technique to compensate for the temperature dependence of piezoresistive sensor configured in a Wheatstone bridge. A calibration algorithm is established by relating temperature and pressure sensor readings at three different temperature ranges. The test result shows that the signal conditioning method provides thermal error less than 0.25% in the compensated temperature ranges −10 °C to +70°C. The obtained results show the offset compensation is up to 50 mV and sensitivity is of 250 mV/bar. These results are discussed and found comparable with reported data. Sensor repeatability and process repeatability were tested. The digital process of temperature compensation using software and hardware is discussed.
Arthroscopic knots: Determining the optimal balance of loop security and knot security (2004)

This study identifies the static and sliding configurations of commonly used arthroscopic knots in order to aid the surgeon in choosing the most biomechanically effective knot for use in arthroscopic surgery.
PARAMETRIC STUDY ON SUBOPTIMAL CONTROL FOR DRAG REDUCTION IN TURBULENT CHANNEL FLOW (2001)

A systematic analysis is made of suboptimal control for drag reduction. The influence of the amplitude of actuation (A) and the time scale of actuation (Δta+) is evaluated. Two wall sensing variables are employed (dω/dy|ω and (dp/dz|ω), with two actuations (∅2 and ∅3). It is found that the effect of A and Δta+ on the drag reduction rate (Dr) is significant. The near-wall behaviors of flow structure are analyzed to characterize the drag reduction. An optimal time scale is obtained at (Δta−) ~ 1.
Transparency and AIE tunable supramolecular polymer hydrogel acts as TEA–HCl vapor controlled smart optical material (2020)

Stimuli-responsive optical materials attract lots of attention due to their broad applications. Herein, a novel smart stimuli-responsive supramolecular polymer was successfully constructed using a simple tripodal quaternary ammonium-based gelator (TH). The TH self-assembles into a supramolecular polymer hydrogel (TH-G) and shows aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties. Interestingly, the transparency and fluorescence of the TH-G xerogel film (TH-GF) could be reversibly regulated by use of triethylamine (TEA) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) vapor. When alternately fumed with TEA and HCl vapor, the optical transmittance of the TH-GF was changed from 8.9% to 92.7%. Meanwhile, the fluorescence of the TH-G shows an "ON/OFF" switch. The reversible switching of the transparency and the fluorescence of the TH-GF is attributed to the assembly and disassembly of the supramolecular polymer TH-G. Based on these stimuli-response properties, the TH-GF could act as an optical material and shows potential applications as smart windows or fluorescent display material controlled by TEA and HCl vapor.
Antitumor/Anti-Angiogenesis Efficacy of Epigallocatechin Gallate Nanoformulated with Antioxidant in Melanoma (2022)

<b>Aim:</b> Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) derived from green tea has poor stability; therefore, to enhance its bioavailability and anticancer efficiency, we synthesized three different nanoformulations. We hypothesized that these three nanoformulations of EGCG (nano-EGCG) would enhance EGCG's stability and improve its anticancer and antiangiogenic activity against melanoma compared with free EGCG. <b>Methods:</b> We prepared nano-EGCG using a copolymerization method with the UV blocker ZnO and the antioxidants lycopene and olive oil. <b>Results:</b> The different nano-EGCG formulation exhibited improved EGCG stability and greater suppression of melanoma growth than free EGCG. Nanoformulation preparation methods efficiently prevented the loss of EGCG activity and are a favorable approach for the treatment of melanoma. <b>Conclusion:</b> Nano-EGCG formulations had enhanced stability and produced greater suppression of melanoma tumor growth and angiogenesis compared with free EGCG.
Effect of Adhesive Matrix Composition and Terpinolene on Indomethacin Bioavailability in Rats from Transdermal Therapeutic System (2008)

Drug-in-adhesive matrix-type transdermal therapeutic systems for indomethacin (IND) were formulated and evaluated. Silicone and two types of polyacrylates were used as the bases of matrices. Terpinolene was used as a penetration enhancer. The physicochemical properties of matrices were determined. The bioavailability study of IND was performed in rats. The presence of IND in blood was demonstrated for each system. The calculated pharmacokinetics parameters for IND mainly depend on the solubility of IND in the adhesive layer. The positive influence of a penetration enhancer on IND bioavailability was observed only for one type of polyacrylate matrices.
Plasma Peroxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein with Hydroperoxidized Cholesteryl Linoleates Estimated in Patients with Familial Hypercholesterolemia (1994)

A study was conducted to ascertain the presence of peroxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in plasma and to determine the chemical structure of the peroxidized LDL so that the mechanism by which vascular complications develop may be elucidated in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). Family trees showing hypercholesterolemia and moderate grade thickness of the Achilles' tendon were confirmed in all patients. Cholesteryl ester, triglycerides (TG), free fatty acid (FFA), free cholesterol (FC), and phospholipids in normal LDL were stained on a thin-layer chromatography (TLC) plate, but from peroxidized LDL, spot X1 between TG and FFA, and spot X2 between FFA and FC were identified clearly except for the lipids recognized in normal LDL on the TLC plates. From intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL), LDL1, and LDL2 of FH patients, spot X1 was clearly recognized. Hydroperoxidized cholesteryl linoleate (HPO-CL) was estimated and identified from Cu(2+)-treated standard CL, Cu(2+)-treated LDL and LDL obtained from FH patients by means of high-pressure liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, positive reaction of p-methoxydiphenylpyrenyl-phosphine and various chemical reactions. The percentage of HPO-CL to total lipids in LDL was in the order of IDL < LDL1 < LDL2 in FH patients, and it was markedly higher in FH patients when compared to healthy persons. Spot X1 obtained from Cu(2+)-treated CL, from Cu(2+)-treated normal LDL and from LDL of FH patients was chemically identical, consisting of at least 4 kinds of HPO-CL isomer. LDL2-cholesterol levels were higher in FH patients than those of LDL1-cholesterol, whereas in healthy persons LDL1 cholesterol levels were higher compared to those of LDL2 cholesterol. The capacity of LDL2 for peroxidization by Cu2+ was greater than that of LDL1 in healthy persons. Biological functions, such as acceleration of platelet aggregation, great internalization into macrophages and injuries of the arterial endothelia, were reported for LDL with HPO-CL in our previous experiments. Thus, the existence of peroxidized LDL with HPO-CL may be one of the important risks for vascular complications in FH patients.
Myocardial Protection: The Pathophysiology of Reperfusion and Reperfusion Injury (1992)

Reperfusion injury - definitions and historical background, Robert B. Jennings and Derek M. Yellon myocardial injury during ischemia and reperfusion - concepts and controversies, David J. Hearse do free radicals contribute to myocardial cell death during ischemia-reperfusion?, James M. Downey and Derek M. Yellon the contribution of neutrophil activation and changes in endothelial function to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, Kevin M. Mullane and Mark Young consequences of ischemia-reperfusion on the coronary microvasculature, Robert A. Kloner and Karin Przykenk postischemic myocardial Stunning - pathogenesis, pathophysiology and clinical relevance, Roberto Bolli reperfusion injury - a clinical perspective, Keigh A.A. Fox preconditioning - definitions, proposed mechanisms, and implications for myocardial protection in ischemia and reperfusion, Keith A. Reimer and Robert B. Jennings stress proteins and myocardial protection during ischemia and reperfusion, Derek M. Yellon and David S. Latchman where do we stand with respect to reperfusion in the 1990s? Clinical and experimental perspective, Lionel H. Opie.
A Study of Chained Stochastic Tracking in RGB and Depth Sensing (2018)

This paper studies the notion of hierarchical (chained) structure of stochastic tracking of marked feature points while a person is moving in the field of view of a RGB and depth sensor. The objective is to explore how the information between the two sensing modalities (namely, RGB sensing and depth sensing) can be cascaded in order to distribute and share the implicit knowledge associated with the tracking environment. In the first layer, the prior estimate of the state of the object is distributed based on the novel expected motion constraints approach associated with the movements. For the second layer, the segmented output resulting from the RGB image is used for tracking marked feature points of interest in the depth image of the person. Here we proposed two approaches for associating a measure (weight) for the distribution of the estimates (particles) of the tracking feature points using depth data. The first measure is based on the notion of spin-image and the second is based on the geodesic distance. The paper presents the overall implementation of the proposed method combined with some case study results.
Barcoding Human Physical Activity to Assess Chronic Pain Conditions (2012)

The defined measures of PA showed good discriminative features. The results suggest that significant information about pain-related functional limitations is captured by the structural complexity of PA barcodes, which decreases when the intensity of pain increases. We conclude that a comprehensive analysis of daily-life PA can provide an objective appraisal of the intensity of pain.
Azobrücken aus Azinen, II1). 4,5‐Dihydropyridazine als elektronenarme Diene zur Synthese von 2,3‐Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octenen (1984)

Abstract Nach einem allgemeinen Prinzip für [4 ⊕ + 2]‐Diels‐Alder‐Reaktionen mit inversem Elektronenbedarf 1) werden 4,5‐Dihydropyridazin ( 2 ) sowie dessen Derivate 4, 6, 8 und 10 mit ankondensierten Bicyclen als elektronenarme Diene eingesetzt. Diese Azine liegen als Trimere („Tr”︁) vor. Trifluoressigsäure setzt die protonierten Monomeren frei, die mit Cyclopentadien, Norbornen, Norbornadien und teilweise Cyclopenten cycloaddieren. Es entstehen zahlreiche, bisher unbekannte Polycyclen mit 2,3‐Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]oct‐2‐en ( C ) als gemeinsamem Strukturelement. Unter diesen weisen 27, 28, 30, 33, 35 und 39 benachbart parallele C = C/N = N‐Bindungen auf, während in 32 die Azobrücke von zwei C = C‐Bindungen flankiert ist. Die spektroskopischen Daten, insbesondere letztgenannter Cycloaddukte werden diskutiert.
APPLICATION OF GENETIC ALGORITHMS AND CFD FOR FLOW CONTROL OPTIMIZATION (2007)

Active flow control is an area of heightened interest in the aerospace community. Previous research on flow control design processes heavily depended on trial and error and the designers knowledge and intuition. Such an approach cannot always meet the growing demands of higher design quality in less time. Successful application of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to this kind of control problem critically depends on an efficient searching algorithm for design optimization. CFD in conjunction with Genetic Algorithms (GA) potentially offers an efficient and robust optimization method and is a promising solution for current flow control designs. Current research has combined different existing GA techniques and motivation from the two-jet GA-CFD system previously developed at the University of Kentucky propose the applications of a real coded Continuous Genetic Algorithm (CGA) to optimize a four-jet and a synthetic jet control system on a NACA0012 airfoil. The control system is an array of jets on a NACA0012 airfoil and the critical parameters considered for optimization are the angle, the amplitude, the location, and the frequency of the jets. The design parameters of a steady four-jet and an unsteady synthetic jet system are proposed and optimized. The proposed algorithm is built on top of CFD code (GHOST), guiding the movement of jets along the airfoils upper surface. The near optimum control values are determined within the control parameter range. The current study of different Genetic Algorithms on airfoil flow control has been demonstrated to be a successful optimization application.
Study of Room Temperature Solid Polymer Electrolyte for Lithium Sulfur Battery (2016)

Natural materials as the basis for solid electrolyte development can sustainably innovate for high-performing batteries. A sucrose based solid polymer electrolyte was developed, displaying high room temperature ionic transport properties, with ionic conductivity of 4.28 × 10 -4 S cm -1 and lithium ion transference number of 0.76. Lithium sulfur batteries assembled achieve an initial discharge capacity of 1302.7 mAh g -1 and 644.2 mAh g -1 in the 94 th cycle at 25 o C and 0.1C, and 517.5 mAh g -1 in the 200 th cycle at 45 o C and 0.2 C. These demonstrate the potential for nature derived materials in green energy innovation.
Summary: Systemic Effects of Inhaled Nitric Oxide (2006)

Many effects of inhaled nitric oxide (NO) are not explained by the convention that NO activates pulmonary guanylate cyclase or is inactivated by ferrous deoxy- or oxyheme. Inhaled NO can affect blood flow to a variety of systemic vascular beds, particularly under conditions of ischemia/reperfusion. It affects leukocyte adhesion and rolling in the systemic periphery. Inhaled NO therapy can overcome the systemic effects of NO synthase inhibition. In many cases, these systemic-NO synthase-mimetic effects of inhaled NO seem to involve reactions of NO with circulating proteins followed by transport of NO equivalents from the lung to the systemic periphery. The NO transfer biology associated with inhaled NO therapy is rich with therapeutic possibilities. In this article, many of the whole-animal studies regarding the systemic effects of inhaled NO are reviewed in the context of this emerging understanding of the complexities of NO biochemistry.
JNK/SAPK activity is not sufficient for anticancer therapy‐induced apoptosis involving CD95‐L, TRAIL and TNF‐α (1999)

We report here that stress stimuli such as γ-irradiation or the anticancer drug doxorubicin activate expression of the death-inducing ligands (DILs) CD95-L, TNF-α and TRAIL. Apoptosis induced by γ-irradiation or doxorubicin engages a FADD- and caspase-dependent apoptosis pathway which is inhibited by dominant negative FADD or the caspase inhibitor zVAD. zVAD did not prevent activity of JNK/SAPKs in response to doxorubicin suggesting that JNK/SAPK activity is independent of death receptor triggering during cellular stress-induced apoptosis. In addition, JNK/SAPKs remained activated by doxorubicin in resistant cell lines in which cleavage of caspases and apoptosis was not observed. These data uncouple JNK/SAPK activation and apoptosis signaling and indicate that cellular stress-induced apoptosis involves signaling via DILs which is paralleled by activation of JNK/SAPKs. Activation of these kinases may contribute e.g., to the expression of molecules involved in apoptosis but is not sufficient for induction of the apoptosis program following cellular stress. Int. J. Cancer 80:417–424, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Preparation and Characterization of LiMn[sub 2]O[sub 4] Spinel Nanoparticles as Cathode Materials in Secondary Li Batteries (2004)

Nanoparticles of spinels have been synthesized through a sol-gel method followed by annealing at various temperatures between 350 and 550°C. The particle sizes depend on annealing temperatures. At a low annealing temperature (350°C), the nanoparticles may have a size of 10 nm, estimated from transmission electron microscopy photographs. The annealing temperatures higher than 550°C give rise to particles larger than nanoscale. Some large porous particles with 1 μm size were prepared for comparison through an emission process. The electrochemical tests indicate that those nanoparticles reduce capacities in the 4 V discharge region but improve rechargeability of the electrode materials. On the other hand, the nanoparticles significantly improve both capacities and cycling performance in the 3 V discharge region. The electrochemical properties of these materials are further investigated using cyclic voltammetry and ac impedance spectroscopy. The results reveal that the homogeneous-phase transition occurring in the 3 V region and at the first discharge plateau of the 4 V discharge region increases the difficulty of the insertion/extraction process and affects rechargeability of the electrode materials. However, the nanoparticles and porous materials reduce charge-transfer resistances between the composite electrodes and electrolyte interface and increase the effectiveness of lithium intercalation into the active materials in comparison with those large but nonporous materials. © 2004 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.