gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Finite Element Analysis Couples Casing and Cement Designs for HP/HT Wells in East Texas (2006)

Abstract Wells drilled into the deep Bossier formations of the east Texas Hilltop Field encounter low-permeability, gas-bearing formations at over 15,000-psi pressure and 400°F temperatures. The wells require high-pressure fracture stimulations and extreme production drawdown to produce at economic rates. Wellbore temperature variations occurring between stimulation and production operations are extreme. The gases in these formations are also highly corrosive. Two of the first three wells completed in this area failed from casing collapse during completion operations or within the first few weeks of production. Finite element analysis (FEA) modeling coupled with log-derived formation properties confirmed that the extreme stresses applied to these wells rendered previous casings and cement sheaths "under-designed." Using an approach that combined formation, casing, and cement mechanical properties into a system, the wells were redesigned. Detailed thermal and mechanical modeling of all wellbore operations resulted in redesigned casings and a cement sheath more applicable to the extreme loads being exerted. Minor changes were also implemented to the job placement procedures to lessen the loads placed on the cement sheath. High-strength, corrosion-resistant casings and specialty cement designs were successfully used on the first two wells. Since those wells have been on production, additional wells have been drilled and completed using incrementally-simplified designs. All the wells have withstood multiple stimulations at treating pressures exceeding 14,000 psi, production test drawdowns at the perforations of over 13,000 psi, and temperature changes estimated at more than 300°F. The wells have withstood these extreme pressure and temperature changes without failure of either the casing or cement sheath. The cement and casing designs employed have proven competent for the high-pressure, high-temperature (HPHT) conditions encountered. The successful design methodology couples well-specific casing and cement designs into a system capable of surviving the extreme pressure and temperature conditions imparted on the well during stimulation and production operations of deep, low-permeability HPHT gas sands.
High-Power-Factor Electronic Ballast With Intelligent Energy-Saving Control for Ultraviolet Drinking-Water Treatment Systems (2008)

Over the past few decades, ultraviolet (UV) water treatment has become widely recognized and accepted by regulatory agencies as a proven disinfection process. With the increased awareness of health concerns and water quality, UV disinfection is quickly gaining popularity in the consumer market as a safe, effective, and economical approach to disinfection. In order to disinfect properly, conventional UV water-treatment systems keep their light intensity at maximum level regardless of the operating condition; this results in unnecessary energy waste along with lamp-life-span reduction. In this paper, a new design of high-power-factor low-cost electronic ballast with intelligent control for UV water-treatment system is proposed. For the purposes of energy saving, an intelligent-control algorithm is proposed to dim the luminance of the UV lamp according to the measured water flow rate and UV light intensity. Accurate knowledge of the characteristics of the UV lamps is essential for the ballast design. Therefore, an automatic identification system is also proposed in this paper to obtain the characteristic parameters, which are the dynamic and steady-state profiles of the UV lamps. Systematic design procedures are then presented accordingly. The proposed UV water-treatment system boasts the advantages, such as compactness, low cost, and energy saving, and is suitable for residential users. According to the experimental results, the energy-saving capability of the proposed system is better than 50%.
Interferon Regulatory Factor 1 Is Required for Cardiac Remodeling in Response to Pressure Overload (2014)

Interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1), a critical member of the IRF family, was previously shown to be associated with the immune system and to be involved in apoptosis and tumor suppression. However, the role of IRF1 in pressure overload-induced cardiac remodeling has remained unclear. Using genetic approaches, we established a central role for the IRF1 transcription factor in the regulation of cardiac remodeling both in vivo and in vitro, and we determined the mechanism underlying this process. The expression level of IRF1 was remarkably altered in both failing human hearts and hypertrophic murine hearts. Transgenic mice with cardiac-specific IRF1 overexpression exacerbated aortic banding-induced cardiac hypertrophy, ventricular dilation, fibrosis, and dysfunction, whereas IRF1-deficient (knockout) mice exhibited a significant reduction in the hypertrophic response. Similar results were observed in a global IRF1-knockout rat model. Mechanistically, the prohypertrophic effects elicited by IRF1 in response to pathological stimuli were associated with the direct activation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Furthermore, we identified 1 IRF1-binding site in the promoter region of the iNOS gene, which was essential for its transcription. To examine the IRF1-iNOS axis in vivo, we generated IRF1-transgenic/iNOS-knockout mice. IRF1 exerted profoundly detrimental effects in these mice; however, these effects were nullified by iNOS ablation. These data suggest the IRF1-iNOS axis as a crucial regulator of cardiac remodeling and that IRF1 could be a potent therapeutic target for cardiac remodeling.
High quality and high speed cutting of Al2O3 substrate with single mode fiber laser (2012)

Alumina ceramic (Al2O3) is one of high performance thermal conducting substrate then widely used for several electric devices such as LED. One of key process, which will sometimes limits their productivity in LED production is singulation. As a conventional method, blade cutting is well known technique; however there are several disadvantages such as slow speed of 10mm/s and wear of blade due to physical contact. To solve this problem, laser cutting is one of ideal technique; however alumina ceramics have higher reflection for conventional lasers for material process. Recent progress of single mode fiber lasers enables remarkably high brightness at focal point. The power density reaches higher than 107 W/cm2, this power level make us possible to initiate cutting of alumina substrates both at high speed and high quality even though they have a poor absorbance at λ = 1084 nm, which is the wavelength of our fiber lasers. We have developed 500W single mode fiber laser and demonstrated alumina ceramics substrates singulation at more than ten times faster than the speed of the mechanical cutting. Excellent cutting quality was demonstrated at a single sweep process. A pretty smooth cutting surface and dross-free cutting does not require any additional finishing work.
PUF-Based Fuzzy Authentication Without Error Correcting Codes (2016)

Counterfeit integrated circuits (IC) can be very harmful to the security and reliability of critical applications. Physical unclonable functions (PUFs) have been proposed as a mechanism for uniquely identifying ICs and thus reducing the prevalence of counterfeits. However, maintaining large databases of PUF challenge response pairs (CRPs) and dealing with PUF errors make it difficult to use PUFs reliably. This paper presents an innovative approach to authenticate CRPs on PUF-based ICs. The proposed method can tolerate considerable bit errors from responses of PUFs without the use of error correcting codes. Different types of optimization methods are applied to improve the overall performance. The simulation shows that it is successful in authenticating 99.96% authorized chips and filtering out 99.92% cloned chips by tolerating 12 errors in 128 bits. The results are verified with ring oscillator PUF and arbiter PUF implementations on Kintex-7 FPGA. The approach saves hardware and software resources significantly, compared to those of other authentication solutions.
Studies on the immune protection to murine experimental brucellosis conferred by Brucella fractions. I. Positive role of immune serum. (1978)

Mouse inoculation with three different phenol-insoluble fractions extracted from Brucella melitensis (fractions 'PI', '4A' and '5') induces an acceleration of the blood clearance of i.v. inoculated live Brucella and a diminution of the rate of multiplication of the injected bacteria in the spleen. Preincubation of the challenge inoculum in immune serum or i.p. injections of immune serum confer a good specific protection to non-immunized hosts. The results observed with fractionated sera suggest that, not only antibodies, but also other serum constituents may participate in the protective activity of immune sera. This discussed in terms of the respective importance of humoral and cellular immunity to Brucella and of the choice of the best preparations for human or animal vaccination.
FEASIBILITY OF A FLUIDIZED THORIUM OXIDE BLANKET (1953)

Insulin resistance is the principal physiopathological characteristic of diabetes mellitus type II. Weight loss is the first therapeutic requirement. Oral agents (mainly sulfonylureas) are advisable when the diet alone does not ensure a satisfactory metabolic control. The extrapancreatic action of sulfonylureas induces hypoglycemia through a decrease in peripheral insulin resistance originating in an increase in the number of insulin receptors and in the sensitivity of peripheral tissues to insulin. The pancreatic and extrapancreatic effects, metabolism and indications of sulfonylureas, as well as the problems which arise during their prescription are reviewed. Biguanides belong to a different family of drugs and are less and less prescribed.
Comparison of Three Material Models to Predict the Time-Dependent Deformation of a Single Cell Under Micropipette Aspiration (2008)

Micropipette aspiration is an experimental technique that is used widely to measure the mechanical properties of single cells [1]. The viscoelastic properties of the probed cell are often estimated by fitting experimental data to a three-parameter standard linear solid (SLS) half-space model (e.g., [1]). However, this analytical model does not account for the large strains that can occur with micropipette aspiration. This limitation has motivated the development of numerical methods to interpret the experimental data. For example, Zhou [2] implemented a material model combining a hyperelastic neo-Hookean material and a viscoelastic SLS material in an axisymmetric finite element (FE) model to simulate large strain micropipette aspiration of a suspended cell. The time-dependent creep deformation of cells has also been described by power-law rheology [3]; this material model has been applied to micropipette aspiration of nuclei [4], but not whole cells.
Novel gain-tilt free L-band EDFA using thulium-doped fiber (2002)

We have realized a novel gain-tilt free L-band EDFA using a thulium-doped fiber. This EDFA has a wide input power range of more than 8 dB, a wide temperature range of 65 degreeC without gain-tilt in a wavelength band between 1575 nm and 1610 nm, and a low noise figure of less than 6 dB.
Alleviation of tree saturation in multistage interconnection networks (1991)

Article Alleviation of tree saturation in multistage interconnection networks Share on Authors: Matthew Farrens Division of Computer Science, University of California, Davis, CA Division of Computer Science, University of California, Davis, CAView Profile , Brad Wetmore Division of Computer Science, University of California, Davis, CA Division of Computer Science, University of California, Davis, CAView Profile , Allison Woodruff Division of Computer Science, University of California, Davis, CA Division of Computer Science, University of California, Davis, CAView Profile Authors Info & Claims Supercomputing '91: Proceedings of the 1991 ACM/IEEE conference on SupercomputingAugust 1991 Pages 400–409https://doi.org/10.1145/125826.126047Published:01 August 1991 5citation195DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations5Total Downloads195Last 12 Months0Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Purification and properties of soman-hydrolyzing enzyme from human liver (1998)

A soman-hydrolyzing enzyme (somanase) was purified from human liver. The human somanase is capable of hydrolyzing pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate (soman), diisopropylphosphorofluoridate (DFP), and ethyl-N-dimethyl phosphoramidocyanidate (Tabun) with P-F or P-CN bonding, but not ethyl (S-2-diisopropylaminoethyl) methylphosphonothiolate (VX) and diethyl-p-nitro-phosphenylphosphate (paraoxon) with P-S or P-O bonding. The somanase has been purified 1570-fold with a specific activity of 41.4 mumol/min/mg protein. Its molecular weight is around 58 kDa determined by SDS-PAGE. The somanase could be stimulated by the divalent cations Mn+2, Mg+2, and Co+2, where CO+2 activation is the highest. The requirement of disulfide bonds for the enzyme activity was demonstrated by the inhibition effect of DTT.
Printed Circuits Handbook (2007)

Interconnectivity component packages printed circuits surface mount technology multichip module technology basic board materials specialized board materials electrical and mechanical design computer aided design computer simulations of design parameters fine line technologies image transfer drilling etching electroplating additive plating routing and machining multilayer processes solder mask testing small quantity assembly automated assembly solder basics soldering basics no-clean processes solderability standards and testing assembly testing repair of bare board and board assemblies waste minimalization waste treatment and disposal quality programmes acceptability of printed circuit boards and assemblies reliability of printed circuit boards vendor selection and development flexible circuit materials and fabrication.
516 Determination of Adequate Debridement of Burn Wounds via Laser Speckle Imaging (2019)

The current standard of care for burn wound management involves removal of necrotic tissue to a bleeding wound bed then application of a skin graft depending on the depth of injury. However, the debridement procedure is difficult, time consuming, and can result in graft failure and hypertrophic scarring if performed inadequately. The purpose of this study was to determine if laser speckle imaging could be utilized to image the debrided wound beds prior to grafting to determine if adequate debridement was performed. Deep partial and full thickness 5x5 cm burn wounds were created on the dorsum of six anesthetized Yorkshire pigs using appropriate pain control methods. After 4 days, the necrotic eschar was debrided via a dermatome to three depths (0.030”, 0.060”, 0.090”), a meshed split thickness skin graft was applied, and graft success (defined as >70% graft take) was assessed on days 7 and 14. Laser speckle imaging, which measures blood flow, was captured for all wounds pre-burn, post-burn, pre-debridement, and post-debridement. Approximately 65% of wounds with the least debridement amount resulted in graft failure. No differences in bacterial counts were detected in the post-debrided wounds. Laser speckle imaging indicated no differences in the burn contact times immediately post-burn but significant differences were detected at the pre-debridement time point when comparing the burn depths. After combining all wounds into either graft success vs. failure, laser speckle imaging detected a significantly higher blood flow in post-debrided wounds for the wound beds that resulted in graft success. This study confirmed the clinical situation of inadequate debridement as a contributor of graft failure. Bacterial colony forming unit counts ruled out infection as a possibility for the wounds that resulted in graft failure. More importantly, laser speckle imaging was able to differentiate between the wounds that were adequately debrided and those where necrotic tissue remained; thereby, providing clinicians with a non-invasive technique that could help determine when to graft. Non-invasive imaging technologies that can determine if adequate debridement has been achieved would aid clinicians on identifying the best time to graft a wound.
IFIP; Social Informatics: An Information Society for All? In Remembrance of Rob Kling Vol 223 (2006)

Based on our large series, airway involvement in head and neck lymphatic malformations may occur at multiple sites above the glottis. A high percentage of these patients have involvement of the oral cavity (75%) and oropharynx (35%). None involve the glottis, subglottis, or trachea.
Optical and Control Design of Bright-pupil Microsaccadic Artificial Eye (2022)

An artificial eye is a useful tool for evaluating the accuracy and precision of eye trackers, but it has been difficult to design an optical system with a fast response time that can be used to evaluate the measurement performance of dynamic characteristics such as microsaccades. In this paper, we propose an optical and control design for the artificial eye that can reproduce microsaccadic behavior. The optical design provides bright pupil that can be available for eye tracking and enables quick response using a galvano motor. The control design generates a response waveform based on a saccadic parametric model considering peak velocity in microsaccade detection methods. We have experimentally confirmed that the designed artificial eye produced images with bright pupil and corneal reflection of sufficient contrast, ability to move with the designed peak velocity, and sufficient validation performance of conventional microsaccade detection in 500-fps images.
Polyethylenimine “Snow”: An Emerging Material for Efficient Carbon Removal (2019)

Amine-functionalized solid adsorbents are one of the most promising alternatives to the conventional "amine scrubbing" for carbon capture with a number of prominent examples being reported. However, their widespread application in industry is unfulfilled due to their overall performance and complex fabrication, which relies on a porous support. In this "proof of concept" study, we report an approach for generating a new type of material called polyethylenimine (PEI) 'snow', which can be prepared for use in under 15 min. The material does not require a support, and the resulting CO<sub>2</sub> uptake is the highest reported to date for PEI-functionalized materials. This was achieved through a rigorous material program that identified conditions where a material with the requisite properties could be generated. From experimental measurements, the virtual dryness of the PEI snow results in fast CO<sub>2</sub> absorption kinetics, which is comparable to conventional solid adsorbents, but its CO<sub>2</sub> uptake (451.5 mg CO<sub>2</sub>/g PEI) is the highest reported so far. Breakthrough curves demonstrate the outstanding CO<sub>2</sub> selectivity over N<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> (above 1000), with the potential for post-combustion capture and natural gas sweeting. This strategy can be applied in affordable and efficient gas treatment for various large point sources.
A Computational Tool for the Microstructure Optimization of a Polymeric Heart Valve Prosthesis (2016)

Styrene-based block copolymers are promising materials for the development of a polymeric heart valve prosthesis (PHV), and the mechanical properties of these polymers can be tuned via the manufacturing process, orienting the cylindrical domains to achieve material anisotropy. The aim of this work is the development of a computational tool for the optimization of the material microstructure in a new PHV intended for aortic valve replacement to enhance the mechanical performance of the device. An iterative procedure was implemented to orient the cylinders along the maximum principal stress direction of the leaflet. A numerical model of the leaflet was developed, and the polymer mechanical behavior was described by a hyperelastic anisotropic constitutive law. A custom routine was implemented to align the cylinders with the maximum principal stress direction in the leaflet for each iteration. The study was focused on valve closure, since during this phase the fibrous structure of the leaflets must bear the greatest load. The optimal microstructure obtained by our procedure is characterized by mainly circumferential orientation of the cylinders within the valve leaflet. An increase in the radial strain and a decrease in the circumferential strain due to the microstructure optimization were observed. Also, a decrease in the maximum value of the strain energy density was found in the case of optimized orientation; since the strain energy density is a widely used criterion to predict elastomer's lifetime, this result suggests a possible increase of the device durability if the polymer microstructure is optimized. The present method represents a valuable tool for the design of a new anisotropic PHV, allowing the investigation of different designs, materials, and loading conditions.
Secret Key Generation Rate vs. Reconciliation Cost Using Wireless Channel Characteristics in Body Area Networks (2010)

In this paper, we investigate the feasibility of real time derivation of cryptographic keys in body area networks using unique characteristics of the underlying wireless channel. We perform experiments to confirm that motion does indeed provide significant highly correlated randomness on either end of the wireless link between base station and mobile mote to enable real-time key generation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that channel characteristics for a dynamic body area network consist of two different components, a fast and a slow component, each of which make a qualitatively different contribution to key generation. These components can be isolated to address specific needs of the application scenario: the fast component can yield high entropy keys at a fast rate between base station and mobile mote with some bit disagreement between the two devices, the slow component generates keys at a lower rate but with very high level of bit agreement. Our experimental results highlight this tradeoff, and our key generation protocol details the key extraction process.
Wavelength-modulated interferometric thermometry for improved substrate temperature measurement (1992)

Interferometric thermometry is a promising noncontact technique for measuring the temperature of transparent substrates (with polished front and back surfaces) from thermally induced changes in sample thickness and refractive index. However, for substrates of uniform thickness, the technique is not sensitive to the direction of temperature change, thus restricting its use to situations in which the temperature variation is monotonic. In this paper, we present some new schemes for interferometric thermometry based on the wavelength modulation capabilities of the distributed feedback laser diode. These schemes allow both the magnitude and direction of temperature change to be determined. One scheme utilized to measure temperature changes in a silicon wafer during thermal cycling is described in detail. In addition, the calibration factors required to convert the thermally induced reflectance oscillations (‘‘fringes’’) of known-thickness samples into temperature change are provided for Si and GaAs at wavelengths near 1.5 μm.