gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
StairNet: Top-Down Semantic Aggregation for Accurate One Shot Detection (2018)

One-stage object detectors such as SSD or YOLO already have shown promising accuracy with small memory footprint and fast speed. However, it is widely recognized that one-stage detectors have difficulty in detecting small objects while they are competitive with two-stage methods on large objects. In this paper, we investigate how to alleviate this problem starting from the SSD framework. Due to their pyramidal design, the lower layer that is responsible for small objects lacks strong semantics(e.g contextual information). We address this problem by introducing a feature combining module that spreads out the strong semantics in a top-down manner. Our final model StairNet detector unifies the multi-scale representations and semantic distribution effectively. Experiments on PASCAL VOC 2007 and PASCAL VOC 2012 datasets demonstrate that Stair-Net significantly improves the weakness of SSD and outperforms the other state-of-the-art one-stage detectors.
Estimation of measurement error in plasma HIV-1 RNA assays near their limit of quantification (2017)

Although the ME was stable across assays, there is substantial increase in random noise in measuring pVL close to the lower level of detection. These findings have important clinical significance, especially in the range where key clinical decisions are made. Thus, pVL values ≤250 copies/mL should not be taken as the "truth" and repeat pVL measurement is encouraged to confirm viral suppression.
Aspects of vision-based sensing and control for space robots. (1998)

The objective of this study is to advance the state-of-the-art in the control of space manipulators. In the microgravity environment of space, large robots like the Space Station Remote Manipulator System are able to manipulate enormous payloads, with masses several orders of magnitude larger than the mass of the manipulator itself. Resulting low-frequency structural oscillations give rise to dynamic stability problem when the robot is controlled by a vision system measuring the payload motion. This problem is not unique to space robotics applications but is generic for the control of structurally flexible systems when the motion is measured at a distance from the actuator controlling the motion. This study develops analytical criteria for the selection of the number, type and location of suitable sensors for robust control of mechanical systems with flexible bodies. Sensors meeting these criteria are called "hyperstability sensors". A dynamic sensor data fusion approach is developed to integrate additional "performance sensors" such as vision-based sensors, addressing the problem of using non-collocated sensors and actuators in the active control of flexible structures. An extended hyperstability concept is developed to enable robust control of complex systems with conventional or intelligent control systems. The model-free methodology is applicable to the broad class of non-linear and time-variant system governed by Hamilton's Principle which encompasses most mechanical systems. The new methodology is applied to a flexible link robot and experimentally validated. The tests involve the measurement and control of the end-point motion of the flexible link using a vision system and real-time image processing. The methodology is shown to be effective in the experiment, enabling robust control as expected from the theory, and relatively simple to implement. Simulations complementing the hardware tests extend the scope of the evaluation. A comparison with a Kalman-filter-based control design confirms the superior robustness properties of the proposed approach.
Unique Names Violations, a Problem for Model Integration or You Say Tomato, I Say Tomahto (1991)

The tomato-tomahto problem (known as the synonymy problem in the database literature) arises in the context of model management when different names are used in different models for what should be identical variables, and these different models are to be integrated or combined into a larger model. When this problem occurs, it is said that the unique names assumption has been violated. We propose a method by which violations of the unique names assumption can be automatically detected. The method relies on declaring four kinds of information and modeling variables: dimensional information, laws relating dimensional expressions, information (called the quiddity) about the intended interpretation of the variables, and laws relating quiddity expressions. We present and discuss the method and the principles and theory behind it, and we describe our (prototype) implementation of the method, as an additional function of an existing model management system. INFORMS Journal on Computing, ISSN 1091-9856, was published as ORSA Journal on Computing from 1989 to 1995 under ISSN 0899-1499.
Nanometer Arrays of Functional Light Harvesting Antenna Complexes by Nanoimprint Lithography and Host−Guest Interactions (2008)

We show an approach based on a combination of site-directed mutagenesis, NIL and multivalent host-guest interactions for the realization of engineered ordered functional arrays of purified components of the photosynthetic system, the membrane-bound LH2 complex. In addition to micrometer-scale patterned structures, we demonstrated the use of nanometer-scale hard NIL stamps to generate functional protein arrays approaching molecular dimensions.
Noncholinergic contractile response to nicotine in the guinea pig isolated tracheal smooth muscle (1987)

The existence of substance P immunoreactive nerves in the trachea of guinea pig is known. In this study, capsaicin induced a long-lasting and marked contraction in the guinea pig trachea and nicotine-induced contraction was partially reduced in the capsaicin-treated muscle. Furthermore, the contractile response to nicotine (10(-5) M) in the presence of atropine (10(-7) M) was abolished by a substance P antagonist, [D-Arg1, D-Pro2, D-Trp7,9 Leu11]substance P (10(-5) M). These findings suggest that noncholinergic contractile response to nicotine may be due to the release of material(s) resembling substance P in the isolated tracheal smooth muscle preparation of guinea pig.
Basic fibroblast growth factor (B‐FGF) induces early‐ (CFU‐s) and late‐stage hematopoietic progenitor cell colony formation (CFU‐gm, CFU‐meg, and BFU‐e) by synergizing with GM‐CSF, Meg‐CSF, and erythropoietin, and is a radioprotective agent in vitro (1991)

Basic fibroblastic growth factor (B-FGF) is a hormone-like protein which belongs to a class of heparin-binding growth factors. B-FGF is synthesized and released to circulate in the blood where it can be recognized by target cells through specific high-affinity plasma membrane receptors. B-FGF is known to be a potent mitogen for a number of specific cell types. We report data which demonstrates B-FGF can influence noncommited and specific lineage-derived hematopoietic progenitors when incubated in vitro. When combined with adherent cell-depleted normal murine marrow cells, B-FGF increased the number of both day 9 and day 12 spleen colony-forming units (CFU-s) from lethally irradiated animals. However, day 12-derived CFU-s were more sensitive to B-FGF, since optimal CFU-s production was observed at 10 ng/ml vs. 100 ng/ml for day 9 CFU-s (p less than 0.05). In adherent cell-depleted murine and human marrow cultures, the addition of B-FGF possessed synergistic activity in combination with the optimal concentration of GM-CSF for CFU-gm at a dose of 10 ng/ml which was inhibited in the presence of protamine sulfate (LD50 dose, 100 mu gm/ml), an inhibitor of B-FGF mitogenic activity, or in the presence of heparin (LD50 dose, 100 U/ml), an effective B-FGF binding agent. B-FGF also expressed synergistic activity in the presence of optimal concentrations of erythropoietin and Meg-CSF for murine and human BFU-e, and murine CFU-meg. No in vitro colony formation was observed when cells were cultured in the presence of B-FGF, but in the absence of the specific hematopoietic growth factor. Finally, B-FGF was also shown to be an effective radioprotective agent in vitro. Murine and human CFU-gm exposed to increasing doses of radiation (0.5 to 5 Gy) combined with GM-CSF and increasing doses of B-FGF (0.1 to 100 ng/ml) produced less radiation-induced toxicity compared to cultures containing GM-CSF alone. This data demonstrates B-FGF influences early- and late-stage hematopoietic progenitors, possesses synergistic activity with hematopoietic growth factors, and is a radioprotective agent in vitro. These results suggest B-FGF must be considered as a member of the family of molecules capable of influencing hematopoiesis in vitro.
Green extraction of proteins, umami and other free amino acids from brown macroalgae Ascophyllum nodosum and Fucus vesiculosus (2021)

Seaweeds are a valuable potential source of protein, as well as free amino acids (FAAs) with umami flavour which are in high demand by the food industry. The most commonly used flavouring agents in the food industry are chemically synthesised and therefore are subject to concerns regarding their safety and associated consumer resistance. This study focuses on the effects of extraction time (1 and 2 h) and solvents (0.1 M HCl, 1% citric acid and deionised water) on the extraction of protein and FAAs including umami FAAs from Irish brown seaweeds (<i>Ascophyllum nodosum</i> and <i>Fucus vesiculosus</i>). Extraction yields were influenced by both the extraction solvent and time, and also varied according to the seaweed used. Both seaweeds investigated were found to be good sources of protein, FAAs including umami FAAs, demonstrating potential application as flavouring agents in the food industry. Overall, the use of green solvents (deionised water and citric acid) resulted in higher recoveries of compounds compared to HCl. The results of this study will facilitate the use of more sustainable solvents in industry for the extraction of proteins and flavouring agents from seaweed.
Binding of JNK/SAPK to MEKK1 Is Regulated by Phosphorylation (2002)

We sought to characterize the role of upstream kinases in the regulation of the MAP3 kinase MEKK1 and the potential impact on signaling to MAP kinase cascades. We find that the MAP4 kinase PAK1 phosphorylates the amino terminus of MEKK1 on serine 67. We show that serine 67 lies in a D domain, which binds to the c-Jun-NH(2)-terminal kinase/stress-activated protein kinases (JNK/SAPK). Serine 67 is constitutively phosphorylated in resting 293 cells, but is dephosphorylated following exposure to stress stimuli such as anisomycin and UV irradiation. Phosphorylation of this site inhibits binding of JNK/SAPK to MEKK1. Thus, we propose a mechanism by which the MEKK1-dependent JNK/SAPK pathway is negatively regulated by PAK through phosphorylation of serine 67.
A solvent-based fixative for electron microscopy to improve retention and visualization of the intestinal mucus blanket for probiotics studies (1997)

Samples of pig small intestine, cecum, and large intestine were prepared for scanning electron microscopy (SEM), concentrating on mucus blanket retention and visualization. Samples were fixed using three aqueous-based fixatives which included a standard glutaraldehyde fixative alone as the control and the standard fixative formulation with either ruthenium red or alcian blue added and using one solvent-based fixative, osmium tetroxide dissolved in FC-72 (a degreasing fluorocarbon solvent produced by 3M Canada, Inc.), which had been successfully used by Sims et al. [(1991) Biotech. Histochem., 66:173-180] to preserve tracheal mucus of nonhuman mammals. Pig intestine samples prepared using the solvent-based fixative retained a contiguous mucus blanket, while the aqueous-based treatments retained only patchy or fibrous remnants to a degree depending on fixative composition and intestinal site. We conclude that preparation of the pig intestinal mucus layer using the solvent-based fixative suggested by Sims et al. (1991) preserves the mucus blanket in its entirety and gives superior results to aqueous-based fixatives containing the standard additives ruthenium red and alcian blue. We recommend that this anhydrous fixation, which requires only a slight modification from standard conditions, be adopted when mucus layer retention and visualization is important, as in the field of probiotics. Overcoming this major technical obstacle will now allow electron microscopy (EM) to once again provide new in situ information in this reemerging field.
Light modulated activity of root alkaline/neutral invertase involves the interaction with 14‐3‐3 proteins (2014)

Alkaline/neutral invertases (A/N-Invs) are now recognized as essential proteins in plant life. They catalyze the irreversible breakdown of sucrose into glucose and fructose and thus supply the cells with energy as well as signaling molecules. In this study we report on a mechanism that affects the activity of the cytosolic invertase AtCINV1 (At-A/N-InvG or AT1G35580). We demonstrate that Ser547 at the extreme C-terminus of the AtCINV1 protein is a substrate of calcium-dependent kinases (CPK3 and 21) and that phosphorylation creates a high-affinity binding site for 14-3-3 proteins. The invertase as such has basal activity, but we provide evidence that interaction with 14-3-3 proteins enhances its activity. The analysis of three quadruple 14-3-3 mutants generated from six T-DNA insertion mutants of the non-epsilon family shows both specificity as well as redundancy for this function of 14-3-3 proteins. The strong reduction in hexose levels in the roots of one 14-3-3 quadruple mutant plant is in line with the activating function of 14-3-3 proteins. The physiological relevance of this mechanism that affects A/N-invertase activity is underscored by the light-induced activation and is another example of the central role of 14-3-3 proteins in mediating dark/light signaling. The nature of the light-induced signal that travels from the shoot to root and the question whether this signal is transmitted via cytosolic Ca(++) changes that activate calcium-dependent kinases, await further study.
Tunable Wavelength Conversion Using Cross-Gain Modulation in a Vertically Coupled Microring Laser (2009)

Wavelength conversion using self-pumped cross-gain modulation in a microring laser vertically coupled to a passive waveguide is presented. Successful conversion at 2.5 Gb/s along with a 100-km transmission is demonstrated. Tunable conversion from almost any wavelength of the gain bandwidth to any of the three supported modes of the laser is shown and the limitations of the method, related to mode switching of the laser, are also briefly discussed.
Induction of CYP1A in marine fish species from the Gulf of Mexico (1994)

Ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activities in over twenty species of fish, invertebrates, and fauna were used as biomarkers of exposure to polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Gulf of Mexico. The highest AHH and EROD activities in fish were detected in pinfish, tile, flounder, and hardhead catfish. In contrast, minimal to non-detectable induction was observed in invertebrates. Analysis of induction results showed that with the exception of a few species, there was a linear correlation between the induction of EROD vs AHH activity suggesting that ethoxyresorufin and benzo[a]pyrene serve as comparable substrates for CYP1A. In contrast, AHH activity was not induced in either hardhead catfish or lizard fish; whereas, the levels of EROD activity varied from 4.0 to 155 pmol/min/mg. These results indicate that there is some species-dependent variability in the catalytic activity of CYP1A protein in marine fish species, and that more reliable indicators of exposure to PAHs such as CYP1A mRNA levels should also be utilized in environmental monitoring studies. The results of Northern analysis of CYP1A mRNA levels in fish will be presented.
Influence of Dopant Loading on the Photo‐ and Electrochemical Properties of (N, O)‐Co‐doped Graphene. (2015)

A series of (N, O)-co-doped graphenes with different N and O loadings are prepared by the pyrolysis of natural chitosan. When the percentage of dopant increases, the conduction-band potential and charge-separation quantum yield increase, whereas the charge-separation lifetime decreases.
A Comparative Analysis of Kernel-Based Methods for the Classification of Land Cover Maps in Satellite Imagery (2008)

This paper studies the impact of several learning issues in an image classification task with SVMs, such as rich feature-based representations, optimization and sensitivity to novelty in the test data sets. The employed imagery refers to the city of Rome, Italy and is acquired in different years and seasons by the European Remote Sensing Satellites ERS-1 and ERS-1/2 tandem mission. A comprehensive evaluation according to varying training conditions is reported, showing that SVMs provide robust and largely applicable tools.
P‐122: High Density Packing of Submicrometer Spherical Particles of the Y 2 O 3 : Eu 3+ Phosphor for Low Voltage FPDs (2006)

Abstract Spherical, sub‐micrometer Y 2 O 3 : Eu 3+ phosphor particles have been synthesized by a homogenous solution method. These cubic Y 2 O 3 : Eu spherical phosphor particles (ca. 300 nm) will be ideal for FED devices as they can densely close‐pack in very small pixels on screens (as shown herein.). The pixels are approximately hexagonal in shape where the length of the hexagonal side is about 5μm. The particles manifest high luminous efficiency (better than a commercial sample) under low voltage electron beam excitation. It is also shown herein that these particles are useful in voltage ranges up to 5000 V and perform well at such voltages.
A Prospective Cohort Study of Cancer Incidence Following the Diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease (2007)

Our results suggest a decreased incidence of most cancers in patients with PD. PD patients had a significantly increased risk of malignant melanoma, a finding consistent with prior studies. We confirmed an interaction between smoking and the relationship of PD to smoking-related cancer that may fit the pattern of a gene-environment interaction.
[Seizure following superficial temporal-middle cerebral artery anastomosis in patients with moyamoya disease: possible contribution of postoperative cerebral hyperperfusion]. (2007)

Surgical revascularization for moyamoya disease prevents cerebral ischemic attacks by improving cerebral blood flow (CBF). Seizure is known as a rare complication after revascularization for moyamoya disease, although its underlying mechanism is undetermined. We investigated the relationship between seizure attack and postoperative alteration in CBF in patients with moyamoya disease. CBF was routinely measured by N-isopropyl-p-[123I] iodpamphetamine (123I-IMP-SPECT) 1 and 7 days after superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) anastomosis on 64 sides of the 44 consecutive patients (male:female = 13:31, 2-62 years old) with moyamoya disease. Three patients (male:female = 1:2, 40-55 years old) suffered from seizure attack at 1 to 10 days after surgery. Two of the three patients manifested as seizures at 8-10 days after surgery and presented transient neurologic deteriolation before seizure. Postoperative SPECT revealed significant increase in CBF at the sites of the anastomosis in all three patients. Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging showed no ischemic changes, and magnetic resonance angiography showed the apparently patent STA-MCA anastomosis as thick high signal intensity sign in all three patients. The anatomical location and the temporal profile of hyperperfusion were completely in accordance with the focus of seizure attack. Intensive blood pressure control and the use of antiepileptic agents were instituted. The neurologic deficits were resolved and no seizure attack recurred in three patients. Seizure following STA-MCA anastomosis can be caused by hyperperfusion in patients with moyamoya disease. When seizure attacks occur, routine CBF measurement is recommended to differentiate hyperperfusion and ischemia, since the treatments for these conditions are contradictory.
COOH-Terminal Analysis of Polypeptides by Chemical and Chromatographic Methods (1986)

Whereas the complete primary structure of a polypeptide may be established by mass spectrometry (see chapters by Wittmann-Liebold and L’Italien in this volume), this cannot be achieved by Edman degradation because this stepwise procedure does not allow discrimination between polypeptides with free or blocked COOH-terminal carboxylic groups. This shortcoming of Edman degradation must not be ignored in view of the significant biologic role of COOH-terminal modifications, especially for many regulatory pep-tides (1,2). Thus, whenever Edman degradation is used as the prinicpal method of complete amino acid sequence determination, it must be supplemented by COOH-terminal analysis.
Response of protein synthesis in human skeletal muscle to insulin: an investigation with L-[2H5]phenylalanine (1994)

The role of insulin in the regulation of muscle protein synthesis in adult humans has been investigated with intravenous infusion of insulin at levels comparable with those observed after normal feeding. Glucose was also infused to maintain euglycemia. Muscle protein synthesis was measured in six healthy subjects before and during insulin and glucose infusion from the incorporation of L-[2H5]phenylalanine into the protein of vastus lateralis sampled by percutaneous biopsy. L-[2H5]phenylalanine was given as a single injection of a flooding amount (45 mg/kg). The relatively low levels of enrichment of phenylalanine in protein (0.005 atom%) were measured by modified gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and verified by comparison with incorporation of L-[2,6-3H]phenylalanine. Similarity of enrichment in tissue-free and plasma pools (flooding) and linear incorporation over the period of measurement were also verified. The fractional rate of muscle protein synthesis in the group of postabsorptive subjects was 1.65 +/- 0.11% (SE)/day. The rate was unaltered by insulin and glucose infusion, 1.66 +/- 0.16%/day.
Survival and Prognostic Factors of Different Sites of Head and Neck Cancer: An Analysis from Thailand (2012)

The results revealed remarkably poor outcomes of the patients in the series, indicating a strong need to increase the proportion of early stage presentations and maximize the treatment efficacy to improving outcomes. Very old patients are of particular concern for treatment care of oral cavity and larynx cancer.
New Triphosphate Conjugates Bearing Reporter Groups:  Labeling of DNA Fragments for Microarray Analysis (2007)

A simple and convenient method for incorporation of fluorescent or ligand groups into 3'-termini of DNA fragments is proposed. A set of triphosphoric acid monoesters bearing fluorescent groups or biotin attached to the triphosphate fragment through linkers of different lengths and structures was synthesized. All the compounds were substrates for calf thymus terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase and were used for incorporation of marker groups into 3'-termini of DNA fragments. The compounds were successfully applied for DNA labeling during post-PCR target preparation for microarray analysis.