gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An automatic tracking system for phase-noise measurement (2005)

A low cost, automatic tracking system for phase noise measurement has been implemented successfully. The tracking system is accomplished by applying a charge pump phase-locked loop as an external reference source to a digital spectrum analyzer. Measurement of a 2.5 GHz, free-running, voltage-controlled oscillator demonstrated the tracking accuracy, thus verifying the feasibility of the system.
G2 Cell Cycle Arrest: A Direct Link Between PKA and Cdc25C (2003)

No abstract available
Basic Science of the Fundamentals and Dynamics of Social-Fringe Group Formation and Sustainment (2012)

Abstract : The goals were to develop an expert consensus on the fundamentals and dynamics underlying fringe group formation and sustainment, to identify leading researchable questions that push at the boundaries of understanding and practice and to formulate some disruptive (i.e., transformative) strategies for acquiring the needed data.
Effect and molecular mechanism of mir-146a on proliferation of lung cancer cells by targeting and regulating MIF gene (2016)

miR-146a has low expression in NSCLC tissues and cell lines, while MIF has the over expression in NSCLC tissues. The increased expression of miR-146a can inhibit the expression of MIF via the gene targeting and thus inhibit the proliferation of A549 cells and induce the apoptosis of cancer cells, which may be realized through NF-κB signaling pathway.
Relationship between Transglottal Pressure and Fundamental Frequency of Phonation, with Effects of Dehydration Produced by Atropine, in Healthy Volunteers (2001)

We investigated the effects of the intravenous injection of atropine sulfate on the relationship between the fundamental frequency of phonation (F0) and the magnitude of F0 change per unit change in transglottal pressure (dF/dP) in 4 healthy male volunteers. Before the injection of atropine, we observed a nonlinear or V-shaped relationship between dF/dP and F0. After the injection, the values for dF/dP were reduced at a lower F0, whereas the values were unchanged at a higher F0. The results support our hypothesis that the relationship between dF/dP and F0 reflects adjustments in the length and depth of the vocal folds in controlling F0.
<title>Monolithic HgCdTe Focal Plane Array Structures</title> (1980)

Sophisticated infrared imaging systems require complex focal plane device structures to perform the basic functions of (1) detection, (2) time-delay-and-integration (TDI), (3) multiplexing, and possibly (4) scanning in large array formats with minimal on-focal-plane power dissipation. Monolithic HgCdTe charge transfer device structures are promising candidates for many focal plane requirements. Charge coupled devices (CCDs) are the natural structure for scanning system focal pl.nes which utili:e TN. Charge injection devices (CID&apos;s) are directly applicable to staring system focal plane requirements. This paper discusses the applicability and design considerations of various devices which have been developed using this technology.
An automatic recognition method of pointer instrument based on improved Hough transform (2015)

For the automatic recognition of pointer instrument, the method for the automatic recognition of pointer instrument based on improved Hough Transform was proposed in this paper. The automatic recognition of pointer instrument is applied to all kinds of lighting conditions, but the accuracy of it binaryzation will be influenced when the light is too strong or too dark. Therefore, the improved Ostu method was suggested to realize recognition for adaptive thresholding of pointer instrument under all kinds of lighting conditions. On the basis of dial image characteristics, Otsu method is used to get the value of maximum between-cluster variance and initial threshold than analyze its maximum between-cluster variance value to determine the light and shade of the image. When the images are too bright or too dark, the smaller pixels should be given up and then calculate the initial threshold by Otsu method again and again until the best binaryzation image was obtained. Hence, transform the pointer straight line of the binaryzation image to Hough parameter space through improved Hough Transform to determine the position of the pointer straight line by searching the maximum value of arrays of the same angle. Finally, according to angle method, the pointer reading was obtained by the linear relationship for the initial scale and angle of the pointer instrument. Results show that the improved Otsu method make pointer instrument possible to obtained the accuracy binaryzation image even though the light is too bright or too dark , which improves the adaptability of pointer instrument to automatic recognize the light under different conditions. For the pressure gauges with range of 60MPa, the relative error identification reached to 0.005 when use the improved Hough Transform Algorithm.
Direct Oxidation of Aryl Malononitriles Enabling a Copper-Catalyzed Intermolecular Alkene Carbochlorination (2021)

A copper-catalyzed carbochlorination of alkenes with aryl malononitriles and chloride is disclosed. This net oxidative transformation proceeds with activated and unactivated alkenes with moderate to excellent yields. Mechanism experiments suggest addition of the malononitrile radical to form a secondary carbon radical which is intercepted by a chloride source. The resultant products can be transformed into biologically important γ-lactones in one further step.
Rational Modification of Estrogen Receptor by Combination of Computational and Experimental Analysis (2014)

In this manuscript, we modulate the binding properties of estrogen receptor protein by rationally modifying the amino acid composition of its ligand binding domain. By combining sequence alignment and structural analysis of known estrogen receptor-ligand complexes with computational analysis, we were able to predict estrogen receptor mutants with altered binding properties. These predictions were experimentally confirmed by producing single point variants with up to an order of magnitude increased binding affinity towards some estrogen disrupting chemicals and reaching an half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 2 nM for the 17α-ethinylestradiol ligand. Due to increased affinity and stability, utilizing such mutated estrogen receptor instead of the wild type as bio-recognition element would be beneficial in an assay or biosensor.
A pilot-scale study on PVA gel beads based integrated fixed film activated sludge (IFAS) plant for municipal wastewater treatment (2015)

In the present study, a pilot-scale reactor incorporating polyvinyl alcohol gel beads as biomass carrier and operating in biological activated sludge mode (a combination of moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) and activated sludge) was investigated for the treatment of actual municipal wastewater. The results, during a monitoring period of 4 months, showed effective removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD) and NH3-N at optimum conditions with 91%, ∼92% and ∼90% removal efficiencies, respectively. Sludge volume index (SVI) values of activated sludge varied in the range of 25-72 mL/g, indicating appreciable settling characteristics. Furthermore, soluble COD and BOD in the effluent of the pilot plant were reduced to levels well below discharge limits of the Punjab Pollution Control Board, India. A culture dependent method was used to enrich and isolate abundant heterotrophic bacteria in activated sludge. In addition to this, 16S rRNA genes analysis was performed to identify diverse dominant bacterial species in suspended and attached biomass. Results revealed that Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas sp. and Nitrosomonas communis played a significant role in biomass carrier, while Acinetobactor sp. were dominant in activated sludge of the pilot plant. Identification of ciliated protozoa populations rendered six species of ciliates in the plant, among which Vorticella was the most dominant.
<title>0.2-um lithography using i-line and alternating phase-shift mask</title> (1996)

Alternating phase shift mask in association with the I-line resist process is applied to the gate level of 0.25micrometers and below design rules. An exposure latitude of 30 percent on 0.25micrometers isolated lines is deduced from electrical and atomic force microscope measurements of test wafers. Results on batch wafers confirm the ability of this standard process to print 0.25micrometers design rule circuits. It is possible, with minor process modifications, to print 0.18micrometers transistors with good dimension control for architecture studies.
MicroRNA-34a, Prostate Cancer Stem Cells, and Therapeutic Development (2022)

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a highly heterogeneous disease and typically presents with multiple distinct cancer foci. Heterogeneity in androgen receptor (AR) expression levels in PCa has been observed for decades, from untreated tumors to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) to disseminated metastases. Current standard-of-care therapies for metastatic CRPC can only extend life by a few months. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are defined as a subpopulation of cancer cells that exists in almost all treatment-naive tumors. Additionally, non-CSCs may undergo cellular plasticity to be reprogrammed to prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs) during spontaneous tumor progression or upon therapeutic treatments. Consequently, PCSCs may become the predominant population in treatment-resistant tumors, and the "root cause" for drug resistance. microRNA-34a (miR-34a) is a bona fide tumor-suppressive miRNA, and its expression is dysregulated in PCa. Importantly, miR-34a functions as a potent CSC suppressor by targeting many molecules essential for CSC survival and functions, which makes it a promising anti-PCSC therapeutic. Here, we conducted a comprehensive literature survey of miR-34a in the context of PCa and especially PCSCs. We provided an updated overview on the mechanisms of miR-34a regulation followed by discussing its tumor suppressive functions in PCa. Finally, based on current advances in miR-34a preclinical studies in PCa, we offered potential delivery strategies for miR-34a-based therapeutics for treating advanced PCa.
Triclocarban, triclosan, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, and 4-nonylphenol in biosolids and in soil receiving 33-year biosolids application (2009)

Land application of biosolids is a common practice throughout the world. However, concerns continue to be raised about the safety of this practice, because biosolids may contain trace levels of organic contaminants. The present study evaluated the levels of triclocarban (TCC), triclosan (TCS), 4-nonylphenol (4-NP), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in biosolids from 16 wastewater treatment plants and in soils from field plots receiving annual applications of biosolids for 33 years. All of the four contaminants evaluated were detected in most of the biosolids at concentrations ranging from hundreds of microg/kg to over 1,000 mg/kg (dry wt basis). They were detected at microg/kg levels in the biosolids-amended soil, but their concentrations decreased sharply with increasing soil depth for 4-NP, PBDEs, and TCC, indicating limited soil leaching of those compounds. However, potential leaching of TCS in the biosolids-amended soils was observed. The levels of all four compounds in the surface soil increased with increasing biosolids application rate. Compared with the estimated 33-year cumulative input to the soil during the 33-year consecutive biosolids application, most of the PBDEs and a small percentage of 4-NP, TCC, and TCS remained in the top 120-cm soil layer. These observations suggest slow degradation of PBDEs but rapid transformation of 4-NP, TCC, and TCS in the biosolids-amended soils.
Phase compensation of bent silica-glass optical channel waveguide devices by vector-wave mode-matching method (1997)

Reduction of the radiation loss is essential for the design of integrated-optic devices involving bent waveguides. For wavelength-selective waveguide devices requiring accurate phase control, the effect of bending-induced phase-constant change becomes even more important. The vector-wave mode-matching method is extended for the analysis of both loss and phase characteristics for general integrated-optic bent channel waveguides. For a typical Mach-Zehnder interferometric filter in silica-glass waveguide, the calculated phase-constant change is used in the waveguide path-length compensation which results in excellent agreement between design and measurement.
Anti-PD-1 and Novel Combinations in the Treatment of Melanoma—An Update (2020)

Until recently, distant metastatic melanoma was considered refractory to systemic therapy. A better understanding of the interactions between tumors and the immune system and the mechanisms of regulation of T-cells led to the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors. This review summarizes the current novel data on the treatment of metastatic melanoma with anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) antibodies and anti-PD-1-based combination regimens, including clinical trials presented at major conference meetings. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, in particular anti-PD-1 antibodies such as pembrolizumab and nivolumab and the combination of nivolumab with the anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) antibody ipilimumab can achieve long-term survival for patients with metastatic melanoma. The anti-PD-1 antibodies nivolumab and pembrolizumab were also approved for adjuvant treatment of patients with resected metastatic melanoma. Anti-PD-1 antibodies appear to be well tolerated, and toxicity is manageable. Nivolumab combined with ipilimumab achieves a 5 year survival rate of more than 50% but at a cost of high toxicity. Ongoing clinical trials investigate novel immunotherapy combinations and strategies (e.g., Talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC), Bempegaldesleukin (BEMPEG), incorporation or sequencing of targeted therapy, incorporation or sequencing of radiotherapy), and focus on poor prognosis groups (e.g., high tumor burden/LDH levels, anti-PD-1 refractory melanoma, and brain metastases).
Structure–activity studies of the pelorusides: new congeners and semi-synthetic analogues (2011)

Two new peloruside congeners (3 and 4) were isolated from wild and aquacultured collections of the New Zealand marine sponge Mycale hentscheli. Small-scale reactions on peloruside A (1) have been performed, which along with the isolation of 3 and 4, give further insight into the bioactive pharmacophore of 1.
Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activities of Tunisian and Canadian Coriander (Coriandrum sativumL.) Fruit (2011)

Abstract This study was designed to examine the essential oil composition, phenolic contents and antioxidant activity of the essential oils and methanol extracts from two coriander fruit samples, the first from Tunisia (Tn) and the second from Canada (Can). The highest essential oil yield was observed for Can with 0.44% (w/w) and 0.37% (w/w) for Tn. Forty-five compounds were identified in the essential oils and the main compound of both samples was linalool. The total phenol contents varied between two coriander fruit samples; Can sample presented high polyphenol contents (15.16 mg GAE/g) compared with Tn one (12.10 mg GAE/g). Significant differences were also found in total tannin contents among representing 0.7 mg GAE/g in Can and 0.34 mg GAE/g in Tn. The highest contents of total flavonoids were observed in Can sample with 13.2 mg CE/g Antioxidants of essential oils and methanolic extracts of these fruit samples were evaluated by using DPPH radical scavenging, β-carotene-linoleic acid bleaching and reducing power activity assays. In all tests, methanolic extracts of coriander fruits showed better antioxidant activity than essential oils. DPPH scavenging ability of methanolic extracts of two fruits was higher than that of synthetic antioxidant BHT (IC50 = 25 μg/mL). Both extracts and essential oils had lower β-carotene bleaching activity than BHA and BHT and had lower reducing power than ascorbic acid (EC50 = 40 μg/mL)
Local depth image enhancement scheme for view synthesis (2012)

The quality of the depth map is crucial for depth image based rendering (DIBR) which enables a variety of advanced 3D video related applications such as perceived depth adjustment for stereoscopic video and intermediate view generation for multiview auto-stereoscopic displays. However, the input depth map for DIBR may suffer from errors and noise, which could seriously impact the rendered view quality. In order to reduce the errors and suppress the noise in the depth map, a local depth image enhancement technique is proposed that leverages trellis-based optimization techniques. A cost function is used to evaluate candidate depth values based on the stereo cost as well as color and depth consistency. Sparse depth features are also used in the enhancement process. The experimental results show notable subjective improvements in terms of rendering quality.
Molecular Approach to Conjugated Polymers with Biomimetic Properties (2018)

The field of bioelectronics involves the fascinating interplay between biology and human-made electronics. Applications such as tissue engineering, biosensing, drug delivery, and wearable electronics require biomimetic materials that can translate the physiological and chemical processes of biological systems, such as organs, tissues. and cells, into electrical signals and vice versa. However, the difference in the physical nature of soft biological elements and rigid electronic materials calls for new conductive or electroactive materials with added biomimetic properties that can bridge the gap. Soft electronics that utilize organic materials, such as conjugated polymers, can bring many important features to bioelectronics. Among the many advantages of conjugated polymers, the ability to modulate the biocompatibility, solubility, functionality, and mechanical properties through side chain engineering can alleviate the issues of mechanical mismatch and provide better interface between the electronics and biological elements. Additionally, conjugated polymers, being both ionically and electrically conductive through reversible doping processes provide means for direct sensing and stimulation of biological processes in cells, tissues, and organs. In this Account, we focus on our recent progress in molecular engineering of conjugated polymers with tunable biomimetic properties, such as biocompatibility, responsiveness, stretchability, self-healing, and adhesion. Our approach is general and versatile, which is based on functionalization of conjugated polymers with long side chains, commonly polymeric or biomolecules. Applications for such materials are wide-ranging, where we have demonstrated conductive, stimuli-responsive antifouling, and cell adhesive biointerfaces that can respond to external stimuli such as temperature, salt concentration, and redox reactions, the processes that in turn modify and reversibly switch the surface properties. Furthermore, utilizing the advantageous chemical, physical, mechanical and functional properties of the grafts, we progressed into grafting of the long side chains onto conjugated polymers in solution, with the vision of synthesizing solution-processable conjugated graft copolymers with biomimetic functionalities. Examples of the developed materials to date include rubbery and adhesive photoluminescent plastics, biomolecule-functionalized electrospun biosensors, thermally and dually responsive photoluminescent conjugated polymers, and tunable self-healing, adhesive, and stretchable strain sensors, advanced functional biocidal polymers, and filtration membranes. As outlined in these examples, the applications of these biomimetic, conjugated polymers are still in the development stage toward truly printable, organic bioelectronic devices. However, in this Account, we advocate that molecular engineering of conjugated polymers is an attractive approach to a versatile class of organic electronics with both ionic and electrical conductivity as well as mechanical properties required for next-generation bioelectronics.
Wafer-Level hermetic packaging for bio-medical applications (2010)

Introduction Packaging of medical implants has been always a challenging topic due to the strong requirements in term of sizes, biocompatibility and safety [1, 2]. This is often required for placing an implant at a specific location of the body, without disturbing the surrounding tissues, and aiming at avoiding discomfort for the patient. The implants should be packaged in order to have a hermetic closed shield around the device, protecting the human body from diffusion of materials from inside the package into the body [3, 4]. Moreover, in order to ensure the functionality of the implanted device, the package should also protect the device from any insertion of body fluids into the implant, especially for active electronics. An implantable device could consist of several subdevices connected each other and integrated in a single package. These sub-devices could be one or more CMOS chips, a battery, a sensor, etc. They need to be electrically connected with each other and if required be accessible through the guest body by dedicated electrodes. We present here a process flow (Figure 1) aiming at encapsulating single dies as commodity Integrated Circuits (IC). The encapsulation consists of a stack of layers, to prevent diffusion of metal contaminant, prior to final encapsulation in a bio-compatible package. The reported process relies on classical CMOS and 3D wafer-level packaging processes. The test devices for encapsulation consist in test silicon chips with Cu metal structures designed to be characterized in a standard daisy chain configuration. A double diffusion barrier is created on the top side of the chip to avoid Cu diffusion. The first barrier consists on a thick layer of Silicon nitride which offers superior performance with respect to Cu diffusion in the immediate vicinity of the interconnect layers. After this step the wafer is processed with Dicing-BeforeGrinding (DBG) technique. A thick silicon oxide is deposited on the sidewalls of the pre-grooved wafers to protect the edge of the IC dies, prior to thinning the wafer down to ~80μm. The sharp edges from the backside of IC dies are then rounded and a 3μm thick oxide deposited at low temperature is deposited to complete the encapsulation. Finally, the test chips are de-bonded and cleaned. The functionality of the encapsulation process as diffusion barrier is tested by various experiments as cell culture test and leaching test followed by TXRF analysis of the elution. After the hermetic encapsulation of single dies, the next step would be the assembly of the final device. The various sub-devices will be connected through a bio-compatible inter-die metallization (e.g. gold, platinum or other) that will have access to the die’s active site by electrodes also them metalized with biocompatible materials (Figure 2a). The total system will be then further encapsulated by using embedding technique where a flexible and biocompatible material [6] will be used to provide the dies a sufficient mechanical support (Figure 2b).