gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neuroprotective Effects of a Standardized Flavonoid Extract from Safflower against a Rotenone-Induced Rat Model of Parkinson’s Disease (2016)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a major age-related neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra par compacta (SNpc). Rotenone is a neurotoxin that is routinely used to model PD to aid in understanding the mechanisms of neuronal death. Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius. L.) has long been used to treat cerebrovascular diseases in China. This plant contains flavonoids, which have been reported to be effective in models of neurodegenerative disease. We previously reported that kaempferol derivatives from safflower could bind DJ-1, a protein associated with PD, and that a flavonoid extract from safflower exhibited neuroprotective effects in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced mouse model of PD. In this study, a standardized safflower flavonoid extract (SAFE) was isolated from safflower and found to primarily contain flavonoids. The aim of the current study was to confirm the neuroprotective effects of SAFE in rotenone-induced Parkinson rats. The results showed that SAFE treatment increased body weight and improved rearing behavior and grip strength. SAFE (35 or 70 mg/kg/day) treatment reversed the decreased protein expression of tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine transporter and DJ-1 and increased the levels of dopamine and its metabolite. In contrast, acetylcholine levels were decreased. SAFE treatment also led to partial inhibition of PD-associated changes in extracellular space diffusion parameters. These changes were detected using a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) tracer-based method, which provides novel information regarding neuronal loss and astrocyte activation. Thus, our results indicate that SAFE represents a potential therapeutic herbal treatment for PD.
Code acquisition and symbol timing recovery method in tds-ofdm for broadcast channels (2004)

This paper describes a novel code acquisition and symbol timing recovery method for time domain synchronous OFDM (TDS-OFDM). It is based on the correlation peak of the PN sequence in the frame sync, in this way it is possible to decrease the influence from noise or interference. It is derived in the AWGN channel, but simulations show that it can also perform well in multipath channels.
Quantification of non-stoichiometry in YAG ceramics using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (2017)

International audience
Prevalence of phocine distemper virus specific antibodies: bracing for the next seal epizootic in north-western Europe (2013)

In 1988 and 2002, two major phocine distemper virus (PDV) outbreaks occurred in harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) in north-western European coastal waters, causing the death of tens of thousands seals. Here we investigated whether PDV is still circulating among seals of the Dutch coastal waters and whether seals have protective serum-antibodies against PDV. Therefore seal serum samples, collected from 2002 to 2012, were tested for the presence of PDV-neutralizing antibodies. Antibodies were detected in most seals in 2002 and 2003 while after 2003 antibodies were detected only in seals less than two month-old and adult seals that probably had survived the 2002 PDV-epizootic. We estimated the current proportion of seals with antibodies against PDV at 11%. These findings suggest that at present the vast majority of seals are not immune to PDV infection. PDV re-introduction in this area may cause a major epizootic with infection of >80% and mass-mortality of >50% of the population.
A use case of Glue WSMO Discovery Engine (2005)

Glue 1 (1) is a WSMO compliant discovery engine (2)(3) that aims at developing an ecient system for the management of semanti- cally described Web Services and their discovery. In this document we provide a use case of mediator centric Discovery for eHealth we have de- veloped in the COCOON project 2 (4) and we deployed both in COCOON project and in Nomadic Media project 3 .
Polyamines and cerebral ischemia (1998)

It has been well established that alterations in polyamine metabolism are associated with animal models of global ischemia. Recently, this has been extended to include models of focal ischemia and traumatic brain injury. There is much evidence to support the idea that polyamines may play a multifaceted detrimental role following ischemia reperfusion. Due to the deficit of knowledge about their physiology in the CNS, the link between ischemia-induced alterations in polyamine metabolism and neuronal injury remains to be substantiated. With the recent revelation that polyamines are major intracellular modulators of inward rectifier potassium channels and certain types of NMDA and AMPA receptors, the long wait for the physiologic relevance of these ubiquitous compounds may be in sight. Therefore, it is now conceivable that the alterations in polyamines could have major effects on ion homeostasis in the CNS, especially potassium, and thus account for the observed injury after cerebral ischemia.
Connexin interaction patterns in keratinocytes revealed morphologically and by FRET analysis (2005)

Multiple connexins, the major proteins of gap junctions, have overlapping expression in the human epidermis and are postulated to have a key role in keratinocyte differentiation and homeostasis. The functional importance of connexins in the epidermis is emphasised by the association of mutations in four human connexins with various hyperproliferative skin disorders. As immunohistochemistry demonstrated overlapping expression of specific connexins in keratinocytes, we performed colocalisation analyses and applied a modified FRET methodology to assess possible heteromeric interactions between different combinations of four wild-type (wt) and mutant connexins. The data generated indicate that there is evidence for multiple connexin interactions at the plasma membrane between (wt)Cx26, (wt)Cx30 and (wt)Cx31 in keratinocytes and thus, the potential for the formation of a large number of different channel types each with different channel properties. In addition, we demonstrate that the inherent in vitro trafficking defect of the skin disease mutations (D50N)Cx26 and (G11R)Cx30 can be overcome partially by the coexpression of different wild-type connexins but this rescue does not result in large gap junction aggregates at the plasma membrane. These data indicate that skin disease associated Cx26 or Cx30 mutations are likely to disrupt a number of different channel types important in distinct aspects of keratinocyte biology.
Learned Dual-View Reflection Removal (2021)

Traditional reflection removal algorithms either use a single image as input, which suffers from intrinsic ambiguities, or use multiple images from a moving camera, which is inconvenient for users. We instead propose a learning-based dereflection algorithm that uses stereo images as input. This is an effective trade-off between the two extremes: the parallax between two views provides cues to remove reflections, and two views are easy to capture due to the adoption of stereo cameras in smartphones. Our model consists of a learning-based reflection-invariant flow model for dual-view registration, and a learned synthesis model for combining aligned image pairs. Because no dataset for dual-view reflection removal exists, we render a synthetic dataset of dual-views with and without reflections for use in training. Our evaluation on an additional real-world dataset of stereo pairs shows that our algorithm outperforms existing single-image and multi-image dereflection approaches.
Developments in Combined ARCMAC and Strain Mapping Systems for Creep Measurement (2008)

The E.ON UK ARCMAC gauge has been developed to provide for point-to-point biaxial creep strain measurements. Research is continuing to provide for strain field mapping about the ARCMAC point-to-point monitoring system. The aim is to have comprehensive monitoring of creep strain in high temperature steam pipes including bends, joints, welds and other pipe structural features. A requirement is that all creep strain measurements made satisfy the standards of the UK National Physical Laboratory that maintain liaison with the standards authorities in other countries. Creep strain and other monitoring equipment for power-station steam pipes need to be rugged and suitable for the many different locations in which they are to be installed. Appropriate equipment is also required for capturing data at different times from the installed gauges. The use of strain mapping is particularly required when monitoring non uniform sections of pipes. Results to be presented will show the current state-of-art measurement techniques now available.
OP17 Clinical effect of albumin dialysis in patients with intractable pruritus correlates closely with changes in autotaxin activity but not bile salt levels (2010)

Introduction About 5% of patients with severe cholestatic liver disease have intractable pruritus. Albumin dialysis is an effective treatment for these patients but the mechanism through which it reduces the severity of pruritus is not clear. Autotaxin (ATX) is a 125 kD protein which cleaves a choline group of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) thereby forming the biological active lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). Increased serum ATX activity has been described in patients with cholestatic pruritus ( Gastroenterology , 2010; in press). Aim The aim of the study was to determine the effect of albumin dialysis using molecular adsorbents recirculating system (MARS) on autotaxin activity and bile salts and their relationship to the severity of pruritus. Method 15 patients (11F/4M, PBC 10, PSC 2, other 3) with severe pruritus that was resistant to medical therapy were treated in 31 sessions (each consisting of 3, 8-h treatments; median follow-up of 12.8 months) with MARS. The intensity and severity of itch was quantified using an itch severity scale (ISS) and the visual analogue scale (VAS) pre and post treatment and then weekly for up to 12 weeks. ATX activity was measured in diluted serum samples and albumin dialysate before and after MARS treatments using a fluorescence assay. ATX protein levels were determined by Western blotting. Bile salts were measured by LCMS. Results MARS treatment was associated with immediate, significant and complete response (R) in 11 patients, two patients had a partial response (PR) and two patients had no response (NR). Median ATX activities were not different between responders and non-responders (R=216.5; NR=306.6). A mean reduction of ATX activity of 27.6±4.13% was seen in R, 10.7±10.3% in PR and 1.5±1.48% in NR. This change in ATX activity was directly correlated with the reduction in ISS (r2=0.59; p&lt;0.005) and VAS (r 2 =0.47; p&lt;0.02). The change in serum ATX activity correlated closely with the change in serum ATX protein level (r 2 =0.5; p&lt;0.01). Expectedly, no ATX activity was measureable in the albumin dialysate. ATX levels returned to pre-treatment values with relapse of itching which occurred in all responders between 6 weeks and 4 months. No significant changes in serum bile salts were observed. Conclusion Our study suggests an important role for ATX activity in modulating the severity of pruritus in cholestatic patients providing novel insights into the pathogenesis of itch in cholestatic disease. The reduction is not due to removal of circulating ATX into the dialysate suggesting that MARS treatment either reduces the production of ATX or enhances its hepatic clearance. Alternatively, or in addition, either a substrate or co-factor of ATX is extracted by the MARS system.
Soft Errors in VLSI: Present and Future (1979)

The sensitivity of very large scale integrated circuits to alphaparticle-induced soft errors is considered. It is shown that alpha flux levels in packages are unlikely to be reduced below 0.001-0.01 \alpha/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> -h and that device design and technology changes will offer the most significant opportunities for soft error improvement. The use of error detection and correction (EDAC) will become more widespread in the next decade. Accelerated testing methods and additional sources of soft errors in VLSI are discussed.
A dynamic energy management scheme for multi-tier data centers (2011)

Multi-tier data centers have become a norm for hosting modern Internet applications because they provide a flexible, modular, scalable and high performance environment. However, these benefits come at a price of the economic dent incurred in powering and cooling these large hosting centers. Thus, energy efficiency has become a critical consideration in designing Internet data centers. In this paper, we propose a multifaceted approach, Hybrid, consisting of dynamic provisioning, frequency scaling and dynamic power management (DPM) schemes to reduce the energy consumption of multi-tier data centers, while meeting the Service Level Agreements (SLAs). We formulate a mathematical model of the energy and performance/SLA optimization problem followed by a queueing theory based approach to develop two heuristics for solving the optimization problem. The first heuristic dynamically provisions the optimal number of servers required in each tier. The second heuristic proactively decides the CPU speed and the duration of sleep states of a server to achieve further energy savings. We evaluate our heuristics using a simulator that was validated with real measurements on a prototype three-tier data center consisting of 25 servers with two multi-tier application benchmarks. Our experimental results indicate that the proposed scheme, Hybrid, can reduce the energy consumption by 50% relative to static provisioning without CPU frequency scaling and DPM. We demonstrate that Hybrid satisfies the SLAs for dynamically varying workloads. In addition, the proposed multifaceted approach is more energy efficient than the other methods such as dynamic provisioning with exploiting deep sleep states.
Towards systematic software security hardening (2007)

In this thesis, we report our research on systematic security hardening. We see how the software development industry is currently relying on highly-qualified security experts in order to manually improve existing software, which is a costly and error-prone approach. In response to this situation, we propose an approach that enables systematic security hardening by non-experts. We first study the existing methods used to remedy software vulnerabilities and use this information to determine a classification and definition for security hardening. We then see how the state of the art in secure coding, patterns and aspect-oriented programming (AOP) can be leveraged to enable systematic software security improvements, independently from the users' security expertise. We also present improvements on AOP that are necessary in order for this approach to be realizable. The first improvement, GAFlow and GDFlow, two new pointcut constructors, allow the injection of code that precedes or follows any of the points in the input set, facilitating the development of reusable patterns. The second, ExportParameter and ImportParameter, allow us to safely pass parameters between different parts of the program. Afterwards, we leverage our previous findings in the definition of SHL, the Security Hardening Language. SHL is designed in order to permit language-independent expression of security hardening plans and security hardening patterns in an aspect-oriented manner which enables refinement of patterns into concrete solutions. We then demonstrate the viability of this approach by applying it to add a security feature to the APT package acquisition and management system.
3D-Ultraschallangiografie (3D-US-Angio) – eine neue bildgebende Methode zur Visualisierung von Gefäßanomalien (2016)

Einleitung: Die Sonografie ist ein häufig verwendetes bildgebendes Verfahren zur Diagnostik von Lebererkrankungen. Hierbei können neben Parenchymveränderungen auch pathologisch veränderte Gefäßstrukturen detektiert werden. Der Verlauf eines Gefäßes lässt sich jedoch in klassischen 2D-Schnittbildebenen oder Videosequenzen oft nur unzureichend darstellen. Die auf digitaler Bildrekonstruktion basierte 3D-Ultraschallangiografie kann hierbei neue diagnostische Möglichkeiten eröffnen.
A small molecule targeting ALK1 prevents Notch cooperativity and inhibits functional angiogenesis (2015)

Activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK1, encoded by the gene ACVRL1) is a type I BMP/TGF-β receptor that mediates signalling in endothelial cells via phosphorylation of SMAD1/5/8. During angiogenesis, sprouting endothelial cells specialise into tip cells and stalk cells. ALK1 synergises with Notch in stalk cells to induce expression of the Notch targets HEY1 and HEY2 and thereby represses tip cell formation and angiogenic sprouting. The ALK1-Fc soluble protein fusion has entered clinic trials as a therapeutic strategy to sequester the high-affinity extracellular ligand BMP9. Here, we determined the crystal structure of the ALK1 intracellular kinase domain and explored the effects of a small molecule kinase inhibitor K02288 on angiogenesis. K02288 inhibited BMP9-induced phosphorylation of SMAD1/5/8 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells to reduce both the SMAD and the Notch-dependent transcriptional responses. In endothelial sprouting assays, K02288 treatment induced a hypersprouting phenotype reminiscent of Notch inhibition. Furthermore, K02288 caused dysfunctional vessel formation in a chick chorioallantoic membrane assay of angiogenesis. Such activity may be advantageous for small molecule inhibitors currently in preclinical development for specific BMP gain of function conditions, including diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma and fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva, as well as more generally for other applications in tumour biology.
Performance of a surface flow constructed wetland system used to treat secondary effluent and filter backwash water (2010)

The performance of a surface flow wetland system used to treat activated sludge effluent and filter backwash water from a tertiary treatment facility was evaluated. Samples were collected before and after vegetation removal from the system which consists of two densely vegetated settling basins (0.35 ha), an artificial stream, and a 3-ha surface flow wetland. Bulrush (Scripus spp.) and cattail (Typha domingensis) were the dominant plant species. The average inflow of chlorinated secondary effluent during the first two months of the actual study was 1.9 m3 min-1 while the inflow for backwash water treatment ranged from 0.21 to 0.42 m3 min-1. The system was able to reduce TSS and BOD5 to tertiary effluent standards; however, monitoring of chloride concentrations revealed that wetland evapotranspiration is probably enriching pollutant concentrations in the wetland outflow. Coliphage removal from the filter backwash was 97 and 35% during 1999 and 2000, respectively. However, when secondary effluent entered the system, coliphage removal averaged 65%. After vegetation removal, pH and coliphage density increased significantly (p0.05) at the outlet of the wetland. This study showed that surface flow wetlands are an alternative technology for TSS, BOD5, and turbidity removal from both secondary or backwash water. However, growth of bacteria populations or recovering of injured bacteria may occur.
Design and Diagnosis of high-performance CO2-to-CO electrolyzer cells (2023)

This work reports the design of a highly efficient neutral-pH CO2-to-CO zero-gap electrolyzer incorporating a new family of 2D layered framework-derived mesoporous single atom NiNC catalysts. What sets its performance apart from previous reports is not only the ~100% CO faradaic efficiency at applied current densities of up to 300 mA cm-2 at just above 3 V cell voltage and 40% total energy efficiency, but the uniquely low stoichiometric CO2 excess, stoich, of 1.2 that yields a molar CO concentration of around 70%Vol in the electrolyzer exit stream at 40% single pass CO2 conversion. This CO-rich exit stream and the low cost catalyst makes this electrolyze design ideally suited for cost-effective and energy efficient tandem cell configurations for high C2+ product yields. We also propose and validate a new kinetic diagnostic tool to help resolve mechanisms of undesired CO2 loss. We introduce an experimentally accessible carbon crossover coefficient, CCC, that describes the ratio between non-catalytic acid-base CO2 consumption and catalytically generated alkalinity. It offers an intuitive insight into the nature of the prevalent ionic transport. Combined with the stoich and the faradaic CO efficiency data, the CCC analysis offers practical guidelines toward improved electrolyzer designs. Our CCC-based cell diagnosis can be applied more broadly to all CO2 electrolyzers
“Galectin‐1 Induces Central and Peripheral Cell Death:Implications in T‐Cell Physiopathology” (2000)

The immune system has a remarkable capacity to maintain a state of equilibrium even as it responds to a diverse array of foreign proteins and despite its contact exposure to self-antigens. Apoptosis is one of the mechanisms aimed at preserving the homeostasis after the completion of an immune response, thus returning the immune system to a basal state and warranting the elimination of autoagressive cells in both central and peripheral lymphoid organs. Targeted deletions in critical genes involved in the apoptotic death machinery together with natural spontaneous mutations have clearly shown the importance of apoptosis in the regulation of the immune response. This complex scenario of stimulatory and inhibitory genes has been enriched with the finding that galectin-1, a 14.5 kDa beta-galactoside-binding protein, is able to induce apoptosis of immature cortical thymocytes and mature T cells by cross-linking cell surface glycoconjugates. Galectin-1 is present not only in central and peripheral lymphoid organs, but also at sites of immune privilege. In the present article we will discuss the implications of galectin-1-induced apoptosis in T-cell physiopathology in an attempt to validate its therapeutic potential in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
Fetal and Newborn Calf Thymus as a Source of Chromatin Proteins: Purification of HMG-1 and HMG-2 (1987)

Abstract The high mobility group (HMG) non-histone chromosomal proteins were first isolated from calf thymus' but were later found in numerous organs of many vertebrates.' The proteins can be extracted from calf thymus 1 with 0.35 M NaCl and they are quite soluble in 2% trichloroacetic acid. We have shown that members of the HMG-1 family (i.e., HMG-1, HMG-2, and HMG-E) exhibit a preferential affinity for single-stranded DNA at roughly physiological ionic trength. Members of this family have other intriguing properties (see references 6 and 7 for recent reviews), including the ability to assemble nucleosomes in vitroe8 The architecture of the proteins strongly suggests that they are designed to interact simultaneously with histones and with DNA through physically distinct domains6, 9.