gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Freshwater pearl culture in Mexico: historic context, present status and future perspectives (2021)

Abstract We revise the historic context of freshwater pearl culture in Asia, updating the present situation and perspectives of this activity in Mexico, and, possibly, in some Latin American countries. The review is based on the results of ten years of research conducted in southeast Mexico (state of Tabasco) to firstly determine the demography of freshwater mussel stocks and, based on this information, identify a target species with a higher potential for pearl farming: the fatmucket mussel Psoronaias crocodilorum . The main advances relative to the seeding technique for keshi pearl production and composite technique for half‐pearl (mabe) production are detailed and placed under perspective with China, as today's greatest producer of freshwater pearls. After ten years, several cohorts of keshi and mabe pearls have been produced, representing the first of their kind in Latin America. Although the yield and quality of these pearls has gradually been improved, some aspects of the keshi technique (preparation and seeding of the donor's mantle into the host's mantle) still require further optimisation. To promote social development, one of the goals of the project included the involvement of local communities in the manufacture and selling of handcrafts made from the shell. The other goal was to share the main outcomes derived from the keshi and mabe techniques with academics, producers, and government authorities through a series of training workshops aimed to create awareness in the local communities for the potential of freshwater pearl culture in Tabasco as an aquaculture‐based, environmentally friendly and viable model for socioeconomic development.
Control Barrier Functions for Cyber-Physical Systems and Applications to\n NMPC (2021)

Tractable safety-ensuring algorithms for cyber-physical systems are important\nin critical applications. Approaches based on Control Barrier Functions assume\ncontinuous enforcement, which is not possible in an online fashion. This paper\npresents two tractable algorithms to ensure forward invariance of discrete-time\ncontrolled cyber-physical systems. Both approaches are based on Control Barrier\nFunctions to provide strict mathematical safety guarantees. The first algorithm\nexploits Lipschitz continuity and formulates the safety condition as a robust\nprogram which is subsequently relaxed to a set of affine conditions. The second\nalgorithm is inspired by tube-NMPC and uses an affine Control Barrier Function\nformulation in conjunction with an auxiliary controller to guarantee safety of\nthe system. We combine an approximate NMPC controller with the second algorithm\nto guarantee strict safety despite approximated constraints and show its\neffectiveness experimentally on a mini-Segway.\n
<i>Trans</i>-species small RNAs move long distances in a parasitic plant complex (2021)

Parasitic plants exchange various types of RNAs with their host plants, including mRNA, and small non-coding RNA. Among small non-coding RNAs, miRNA production is known to be induced at the haustorial interface. The induced miRNAs transfer to the host plant and activate secondary siRNA production to silence target genes in the host. In addition to interfacial transfer, long-distance movement of the small RNAs has also been known to mediate signaling and regulate biological processes. In this study, we tested the long-distance movement of trans-species small RNAs in a parasitic-plant complex. Small RNA-Seq was performed using a complex of a stem parasitic plant, Cuscuta campestris, and a host, Arabidopsis thaliana. In the host plant’s parasitized stem, genes involved in the production of secondary siRNA, AtSGS3 and AtRDR6, were upregulated, and 22-nt small RNA was enriched concomitantly, suggesting the activation of secondary siRNA production. Stem-loop RT-PCR and subsequent sequencing experimentally confirmed the mobility of the small RNAs. Trans-species mobile small RNAs were detected in the parasitic interface and also in distant organs. To clarify the mode of long-distance translocation, we examined whether C. campestris-derived small RNA moves long distances in A. thaliana sgs3 and rdr6 mutants or not. Mobility of C. campestris-derived small RNA in sgs3 and rdr6 mutants suggested the occurrence of direct long-distance transport without secondary siRNA production in the recipient plant.
Lightning Overvoltages in Low-Voltage Circuit for Various Lightning Striking Points (2010)

Lightning overvoltages in low-voltage circuits in houses originating from a distribution line or an antenna have been actively studied. However, the mechanism by which damage is caused to home appliances due to a lightning strike to the ground near the house is still unclear. This paper discusses lightning overvoltages and currents in low-voltage circuits for various scenarios, such as a lightning strike to the ground, a direct strike to a distribution line, and a direct strike to an antenna. Simulations are carried out using the Electromagnetic Transients Program. From the simulation results, direct lightning strikes cause the most serious damage to home appliances, but nearby lightning strikes should also be considered when designing lightning protection schemes.
Predominance of VH-D-JH junctions occurring at sites of short sequence homology results in limited junctional diversity in neonatal antibodies (1992)

Sequence diversity at the junctions of Ig genes differs between newborn and adult mice in two respects: 1) fetal/newborn Ig lack N regions; and 2) these N- junctional sequences very often contain 1 to 6 nucleotides that could have been encoded by either of the two joined gene segments. We address the hypothesis that such short homologies preferentially direct recombination to that site, and we analyze the effect of such homology-directed recombination upon the neonatal Ig repertoire. We examined 546 CDR3 sequences that were generated from polymerase chain reaction-amplified DNA from fetal and newborn liver using primers from three different VH families: S107, 7183, and J558. All junctional sequences using 14 frequently occurring IgH V-D and D-J gene combinations were analyzed. In 12 of the 14 combinations analyzed, there were 1 to 3 short sequence homologies, and the junctional sequences that would be created by those homologies were observed with high frequency. The D-J junctions often had two to three predominant junctional sequences, whereas the V-D junctions had one dominant junctional sequence. The only exceptions were the VHJ558-D junctions, where homology-directed recombination using the sequence homology between VHJ558 genes and most D genes would result in an out-of-frame join, and most of our sequences were productive. This latter result further suggests that homology-directed recombination may play a role in the nonrandom VH gene usage observed in fetal and newborn mice. Thus, most neonatal IgH junctions show limited diversity, not only due to the lack of N regions, but also because of nonrandom junctional sequences. Inasmuch as the few adult N- junctions also show a high frequency of homology-directed junctional sequences, V-D-J recombination throughout life may involve pairing via short homologies, with addition of N regions obscuring its role in the formation of adult IgH junctions.
p2pGNN: A Decentralized Graph Neural Network for Node Classification in Peer-to-Peer Networks (2022)

In this work, we aim to classify nodes of unstructured peer-to-peer networks with communication uncertainty, such as users of decentralized social networks. Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are known to improve the accuracy of simple classifiers in centralized settings by leveraging naturally occurring network links, but graph convolutional layers are challenging to implement in decentralized settings when node neighbors are not constantly available. We address this problem by employing decoupled GNNs, where base classifier predictions and errors are diffused through graphs after training. For these, we deploy pre-trained and gossip-trained base classifiers and implement peer-to-peer graph diffusion under communication uncertainty. In particular, we develop an asynchronous decentralized formulation of diffusion that converges to centralized predictions in distribution and linearly with respect to communication rates. We experiment on three real-world graphs with node features and labels and simulate peer-to-peer networks with uniformly random communication frequencies; given a portion of known labels, our decentralized graph diffusion achieves comparable accuracy to centralized GNNs with minimal communication overhead (less than 3&#x0025; of what gossip training already adds).
Synthesis, Structures, and Redox Properties of Mixed-Sandwich Complexes of Cyclopentadienyl and Hydrotris(pyrazolyl)borate Ligands with First-Row Transition Metals (2002)

A series of [MCpRTp]n+ (CpR = Cp*(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) or Cp (cyclopentadienyl), Tp = hydrotris(pyrazolyl)borate) complexes have been synthesized by reaction of a suitable MCpR precursor with KTp (CpR = Cp*; n = 0, M = Cr, Fe, Co, Ni; n = 1, M = Cr, Co, Ni; CpR = Cp; n = 0, M = V, Co, Ni; n = 1, M = V, Co). Oxidation with [FeCp2]+ salts or reduction with CoCp2 where appropriate provided easy access to the corresponding M(III) or M(II) species. All of the complexes studied showed reversible M(III)/M(II) redox couples. Similarly [MCpRTpm]n+ complexes have also been isolated (Tpm = hydrotris(pyrazolyl)methane; CpR = Cp*, n = 1, M = Fe; CpR = Cp, n = 1 or 2, M = Co). Analytical, NMR, IR, and mass spectroscopic data are consistent with the formulation of these species as mixed-sandwich complexes. Oxidation of VCpTp in MeCN solution yields [VCpTp(MeCN)]+, whereas similar reaction in CH2Cl2 solution yields [VCpTp]+. [VCpTp]+ reacts with σ-donor ligands L, where L = CNtBu and PMe3, to form [VCpTpL]+ species, but is unreactive when L = CO, indicating little π-base character to the V center. Crystal structure determinations were performed for various complexes: CoCp*Tp is unique in displaying κ2-Tp and η5-Cp* coordination, whereas [VCpTp]+, [CoCp*Tp]+, NiCp*Tp, and [CoCpTpm]2+ all display mixed-sandwich structures with κ3-Tp binding. The factors determining the relative conformations of the CpR and Tp ligands are discussed. The structures of [VCpTp(MeCN)]+ and [VCpTp(PMe3)]+ were also determined and show that considerable distortion of the sandwich moiety has occurred to accommodate coordination of the extra ligand. For the MCpRTp complexes a dependence of νB-H on Tp hapticity, ancillary ligand, and oxidation state is observed from IR spectroscopic data in the solid state. IR data obtained in solution suggest that CoCp*Tp is in conformational equilibrium, with a κ3-Tp structure also present. Some of the factors affecting 1H and 13C NMR shifts are discussed and compared with relevant homoleptic analogues. Electrochemical data reveal, in general, that MCp2 and MCp*2 species are more electron rich, although comparisons are best confined to a per metal basis.
Nematicon Routing in Liquid Crystal Light Valve (2010)

Using external beams on the photoconductive layer of a liquid crystal light valve we demonstrate all-optical control of soliton induced waveguides in nematics. Using this approach we implement a half-adder and a 3-bit demultiplexer.
Graft‐versus‐host disease prophylaxis with anti‐T‐cell monoclonal antibody OKT3, prednisone and methotrexate in allogeneic bone‐marrow transplantation (1985)

A new regimen for prevention of acute graft-versus-host disease (GvHD)--OKT3 (murine monoclonal anti-pan-T antibody), prednisone and methotrexate (OKT3-pred-MTX)--was compared with the Minnesota standard regimen--antithymocyte globulin, prednisone and methotrexate (ATG-pred-MTX)--for adverse effects, effect on incidence of acute GvHD, and survival at 1 year post-transplant. Twenty patients (aged 25 +/- 9 years) had bone-marrow transplantation (BMT) from their HLA-MLC identical sibling donors for treatment of aplastic anaemia (four), acute leukaemia in remission (13) or chronic myelogenous leukaemia (three). These 20 patients received (OKT3-pred-MTX) on days 8-22 post-transplant. Results of this group are compared to those of 19 concurrent patients (aged 26 +/- 12 years) who received ATG-pred-MTX on days 8-22 post-transplant. On the first day of treatment, 20/20 OKT3 patients and 18/19 ATG patients were febrile. Within 24 h of the first dose of OKT3, 6/20 patients experienced dyspnoea or chest pain and 3/20 patients developed diarrhoea. No further adverse effects were seen after the second dose of OKT3 and no late adverse effects were attributed to this drug. Time to engraftment (means 25 d) was not statistically significantly different in the two prophylactic groups. Acute GvHD was diagnosed in 14 of 20 patients who received OKT3-pred-MTX and in eight of 19 patients who received ATG-pred-MTX (P = 0.06). The incidence of hepatic or gastrointestinal GVHD (greater than or equal to grade 2) was similar in the two groups: 4/20 OKT3-pred-MTX, 6/19 ATG-pred-MTX. Characteristics of post-transplant infections were also similar for the two prophylactic groups. Survival at 1 year post-transplant was 65% for patients who received OKT3 and 44% for patients who received ATG (P = 0.13). The use of OKT3 with prednisone and methotrexate is relatively safe and is associated with a similar incidence of moderate-severe acute GvHD to that experienced in the use of ATG with prednisone and methotrexate.
Effects of Pheromone Release Rate and Trap Placement on Trapping of Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in Canada (2015)

The emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), is a devastating insect pest in its introduced range. A trapping system that increases trap catches or detection rates in low-density populations would be beneficial for survey programs. Five trapping experiments were conducted to investigate factors influencing capture rates of male beetles on dark green traps baited with the A. planipennis pheromone, (3Z)-dodecen-12-olide ((3Z)-lactone), plus the green leaf volatile, (3Z)-hexenol. Low doses (0.001-1.0 mg) of (3Z)-lactone + (3Z)-hexenol did not consistently increase captures of male A. planipennis. In other experiments, mean captures of males were significantly higher on traps baited with a moderate dose (3.0 mg/septum) of (3Z)-lactone + (3Z)-hexenol, compared with lower doses (0.001, 0.1, and 1.0 mg) or (3Z)-hexenol alone. Next, we demonstrated that addition of (3Z)-lactone to traps baited with (3Z)-hexenol resulted in significantly greater increases in male captures when pairs of traps were placed on the same tree, than when traps were placed on adjacent trees. Moreover, significantly more A. planipennis were captured on pheromone-baited traps placed in the southern versus northern aspect of the crown. These results highlight the importance of experimental set-up for elucidating lure treatment effects and also suggests the (3Z)-lactone may be more active at close range. Our findings increase our understanding of the pheromone ecology of this species and lend support toward the use of dark green traps baited with 3.0 mg (3Z)-lactone + (3Z)-hexenol deployed in the south aspect of the canopy for detection programs for this insect.
Analytical model of high pressure burning rates in a transient environment (1978)

A transient ballistics and combustion model is derived to represent the closed vessel experiment that is widely used to characterize the high pressure burning rates of solid propellants. The model is applied to explain why burning rates deduced from the closed vessel are in basic agreement with those measured from an equilibrium strand burner in the case of homogeneous propellants, but differ significantly in the case of nitramine composite propellants. Thermal profile time lag effects become small at high pressure because the burning rates become high. However, the development of the burning surface structure of those nitramine propellants which exhibit shifts in pressure exponent causes the mass burning rate to lag and then exceed the equilibrium value. It is necessary to consider this mechanism in applications dealing with high pressures and pressurization rates.
Tuning the Bandgap of Photo-Sensitive Polydopamine/Ag3PO4/Graphene Oxide Coating for Rapid, Noninvasive Disinfection of Implants (2018)

Bacterial infection and associated complications are threats to human health especially when biofilms form on biomedical devices and artificial implants. Herein, a hybrid polydopamine (PDA)/Ag<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>/graphene oxide (GO) coating is designed and constructed to achieve rapid bacteria killing and eliminate biofilms in situ. By varying the amount of GO in the hybrid coating, the bandgap can be tuned from 2.52 to 2.0 eV so that irradiation with 660 nm visible light produces bacteria-killing effects synergistically in concert with reactive oxygen species (ROS). GO regulates the release rate of Ag<sup>+</sup> to minimize the cytotoxicity while maintaining high antimicrobial activity, and a smaller particle size enhances the yield of ROS. After irradiation with 660 nm visible light for 15 min, the antimicrobial rates of the PDA/Ag<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>/GO hybrid coating against <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> are 99.53% and 99.66%, respectively. In addition, this hybrid coating can maintain a repeatable and sustained antibacterial efficacy. The released Ag<sup>+</sup> and photocatalytic Ag<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> produce synergistic antimicrobial effects in which the ROS increases the permeability of the bacterial membranes to increase the probability of Ag<sup>+</sup> to enter the cells to kill them together with ROS synergistically.
Bolus geometry and dynamics after intravenous contrast medium injection. (1984)

Studies of contrast medium bolus geometry and dynamics were carried out to provide data for optimizing the use of contrast medium in digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and dynamic CT. Apparatus for fast digital recording of x-ray attenuation profiles was used; this is a new digital imaging mode (Chronogram) available on a CT scanner. Variables studied were injection site, injection speed, contrast medium volume, and subsequent saline injection; peak time, full width at half maximum, and maximum contrast enhancement were recorded. Positioning of the catheter in the vena cava reduced peak time and increased enhancement. High injection speeds led to shorter peak times. An increase in speed from 4 to 8 ml/s caused markedly higher enhancement, while further increase did not add significantly to enhancement. For a given injection speed, enhancement was increased and the peak time delayed by using larger injection volumes. Injection of saline solution after intravenous contrast medium did not change results significantly. There was a statistically significant correlation between pulse rate and peak time; the faster the pulse rate the shorter the peak time.
Early flower development in Arabidopsis. (1990)

The early development of the flower of Arabidopsis thaliana is described from initiation until the opening of the bud. The morphogenesis, growth rate, and surface structure of floral organs were recorded in detail using scanning electron microscopy. Flower development has been divided into 12 stages using a series of landmark events. Stage 1 begins with the initiation of a floral buttress on the flank of the apical meristem. Stage 2 commences when the flower primordium becomes separate from the meristem. Sepal primordia then arise (stage 3) and grow to overlie the primordium (stage 4). Petal and stamen primordia appear next (stage 5) and are soon enclosed by the sepals (stage 6). During stage 6, petal primordia grow slowly, whereas stamen primordia enlarge more rapidly. Stage 7 begins when the medial stamens become stalked. These soon develop locules (stage 8). A long stage 9 then commences with the petal primordia becoming stalked. During this stage all organs lengthen rapidly. This includes the gynoecium, which commences growth as an open-ended tube during stage 6. When the petals reach the length of the lateral stamens, stage 10 begins. Stigmatic papillae appear soon after (stage 11), and the petals rapidly reach the height of the medial stamens (stage 12). This final stage ends when the 1-millimeter-long bud opens. Under our growing conditions 1.9 buds were initiated per day on average, and they took 13.25 days to progress through the 12 stages from initiation until opening.
TOPAZ II Temperature Coefficient Analyses (1994)

A two‐dimensional model of the Topaz II reactor core suitable for neutronic analyses of temperature coefficients of reactivity is presented. The model is based on a 30° r‐theta segment of the core. Results of TWODANT calculations are used to estimate temperature coefficients associated with fuel, electrodes, moderator, reflector, and tube plates over the range of temperatures anticipated during startup and operation. Results are presented to assess the reactivity effects associated with Doppler broadening, spectral effects and thermal expansion. Comparisons are made between the TWODANT results and empirical Russian curves used for simulating Topaz II system transients. TWODANT results indicate that the prompt temperature coefficients associated with temperature changes in fuel and emitters are negative. This is primarily because of Doppler broadening of the absorption resonances of uranium and molybdenum. The delayed effect of tube plate heating is also negative because fuel is moved radially outward in the core where it is less important. Temperature coefficients associated with delayed heating of the zirconium hydride moderator and the Beryllium reflector are positive, as the change in the neutron spectrum with moderator or reflector temperature decreases the rate of absorption in these components. The TWODANT results agree with the results obtained from the empirical Russian correlations.
Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Are More Likely to Have Pain and Poor Function After Total Hip Replacements than Patients with Osteoarthritis (2014)

Contemporary patients with RA have significant improvements in pain and function after THR, but higher proportions have worse 2-year pain and function. In addition, RA is an independent predictor of 2-year pain and poor function after THR, despite high use of disease-modifying therapy.
Long range propagation of Lamb waves in chemical plant pipework (1997)

Site trials ofa dry coupled piezoelectric transducer system designed to detect corrosion in chemical plant pipework using cylindrical Lamb waves are described. The L(0,2) Lamb mode has been successfully propagated over distances approaching 50 m (160 ft; equivalent to 100 m [320 ft] round trip in pulse echo mode) in 152 mm (6 in.) diameter steel pipes in operating chemical plants. An excitation and reception system has also been developed which gives uni-directional propagation of the L(0,2) mode. The effect of welds, flanges and pipe supports was similar to that seen in earlier laboratory studies. The system was used successfully on painted and insulated pipes carrying both gases and low viscosity liquids.