gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
System for game enhancement using scene recognition in emulated consoles (2016)

This paper investigates the modification of an existing game console emulator utilizing scene recognition to perform audio-visual enhancement of vintage video games. Such games featured low-resolution graphics with limited colors and low-quality electronic music. Information contained about the virtual hardware state information is exploited to provide high-resolution, full-color graphics and a recorded soundtrack, complete with atmospheric effects, in real-time using the original game logic. The system developed as part of this research uses a modified version of the FCEUX emulator for the Nintendo Entertainment System. The system is capable of loading a commercially-released game, marking scenes for later recognition, mapping scenes to audio-visual events, and recognizing those scenes to enable those events. The result is an immersive game experience that far exceeds what was possible in the original game hardware.
Quantitative phase‐velocity MR imaging of in‐plane laminar flow: Effect of fluid velocity, vessel diameter, and slice thickness (1992)

Quantitative MR phase imaging is frequently used to measure spin velocities. A potential difficulty may arise, however, when in-plane phase images are acquired of a vessel carrying laminar flow, for which the fluid velocity profile is parabolic. In that case, depending on the flow velocity (v), the vessel diameter (D), and the chosen MR slice thickness (ST), a spin velocity gradient will be present to some extent within each intraluminal voxel. The resulting intravoxel phase dispersion may be expected to affect the net pixel phase value, and hence compromise the assumed linear correlation between phase shift and velocity. In this study, the effects of alterations of v, D, and ST on the apparent image phase are investigated for the case of laminar flow directed parallel to the sequence read gradient. A theoretical model is developed and the conclusions experimentally tested using a flow phantom. The data demonstrate that when quantitating inplane phase-flow images, significant velocity underestimations may occur when the net flow-induced phase shifts are small and the MR slice thickness is an appreciable fraction of the vessel diameter.
Effective Antibiotics in Combination against Extreme Drug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa with Decreased Susceptibility to Polymyxin B (2011)

Bactericidal activity with sustained killing effect of ≥99.9% is critical for eradicating XDR-PA infections, especially in immunocompromised hosts. These findings underscore the difficulty of developing combination therapeutic options against XDR-PA, demonstrating that at least 3 antibiotics are required in combination and that efficacy is strain dependant.
Development of a haptic glove to use a master-slave rehabilitation robot hand (2005)

We have developed a haptic glove system to use rehabilitation field, e.g. rehabilitation robotics system. This glove has angle sensors to detect each finger position and small balloons inside of the glove to present a force to the user who wear the glove by pressurized air. This glove makes it possible to give angle information of each finger to slave hand system, and also to present the force which is detected the slave hand to the glove user. To control this force feedback system, we use PWM control method to show the quantity of the force. Force affecting the user is updated by a frequency of 10Hz and has several steps resolution. Total weight of this glove with haptic feedback capabilities is less than 200 grams. We tried to use this glove as a master-slave hand system, we could feel the slave hand force though haptic glove like a real force.
Fine Structural Tuning of Cyanated Dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]silole–Oligothiophene Copolymers: Synthesis, Characterization, and Photovoltaic Response (2013)

We report here the synthesis and characterization of a new series of semiconducting polymers based on dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]silole (SiDT) copolymerized with cyanated oligothiophenes (-2T- or -4T-) units. The effect of the fine structural tuning of the thiophene-based spacer on optical, electronic, morphological, and photophysical properties of the resulting polymers is investigated and correlated with the organic photovoltaic (OPV) performance. Bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells, using this class of copolymers as electron donor material, are fabricated, optimized, and fully characterized. As a result of rational structural modifications, PCEs of ∼5% and open-circuit voltages (VOC) greater than 0.8 V are achieved without the need of additional thermal annealing.
The nuclear import of the transcription factor MyoD is reduced in mesenchymal stem cells grown in a 3D micro-engineered niche (2021)

Smart biomaterials are increasingly being used to control stem cell fate in vitro by the recapitulation of the native niche microenvironment. By integrating experimental measurements with numerical models, we show that in mesenchymal stem cells grown inside a 3D synthetic niche both nuclear transport of a myogenic factor and the passive nuclear diffusion of a smaller inert protein are reduced. Our results also suggest that cell morphology modulates nuclear proteins import through a partition of the nuclear envelope surface, which is a thin but extremely permeable annular portion in cells cultured on 2D substrates. Therefore, our results support the hypothesis that in stem cell differentiation, the nuclear import of gene-regulating transcription factors is controlled by a strain-dependent nuclear envelope permeability, probably related to the reorganization of stretch-activated nuclear pore complexes.
Preliminary Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Properties of Pueraria tuberosa (Willd.) DC: A Potential Medicinal Plant (2009)

In vitro antimicrobial and chemical properties of petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts of Pueraria tuberosa were evaluated. Among the test samples ethyl acetate extract showed pronounced antimicrobial activity, while ethanol extract exhibited the least activity and petroleum ether extract failed to inhibit the test pathogens. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of extracts revealed the presence of antimicrobial compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, coumarins, volatile oils and glycosides. The phenolic compounds and flavonoids were abundant in ethyl acetate extract when compared to other extracts. The broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity of ethyl acetate extract may be due to the presence of flavonoids. Based on the observations, P. tuberosa appears to be a valuable source for antimicrobial principles.
Retinal Basal Laminar Deposits in Complement fH/fP Mouse Model of Dense Deposit Disease (2018)

This unique mouse represents a new model of complement-mediated rapid-onset DDD, and could be useful in exploring the pathologic changes associated with BLamD in age-related macular degeneration.
Fan-Out Wafer Level Packaging Development Line (2020)

With the slowing down of Moore's law, the semiconductor industry is increasingly looking to advanced packaging for achieving system scaling at packaging level. Across the industry, in high volume factories that support assembly and packaging of semiconductor ICs, fabless companies, foundries, equipment and materials developers, increased constraints are seen in terms of allocating resources for research and development of advanced packaging technologies and solutions to meet market requirements. IME has worked with multiple industry partners to establish a FOWLP development Line to address these challenges to build broad advanced-packaging platforms to enable product and technology pathfinding for industry applications such as mobility, 5G, mmWave, Data Centre and automotive requirements This paper will provide an overview of the FOWLP development line, review of mold 1st and RDL 1st FOWLP technologies with multi-layer 2um line and spacing, RDL process and integration on 300mm wafer. The example of few novel packaging approaches such as large size RDL molded interposer with and without embedded fine interconnect chip, 3D integrated package-on-package, and the 2-layer molded antenna-in-package will be described.
Prenatal cadmium exposure in relation to placental and birth size: effect modification by fetal sex and genetic variation in the placental barrier transporter ABCG2 (2022)

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Cadmium accumulates in the placenta and may adversely impact fetal growth, however results have varied across epidemiological studies. Largely ignored in these studies are polymorphisms in genes encoding placental barrier transporters such as ABCG2, which reduces placental accumulation and fetal chemical exposures. We examined maternal cadmium concentrations in relation to placental and infant size at birth, evaluating effect modification by fetal sex and ABCG2 genotype. METHODS: We measured urinary cadmium in each trimester and in term placenta from mothers participating in the UPSIDE-ECHO cohort (NY,USA; n=254). Birthweight, birth length, and placental weight were obtained from medical records and direct measurement; fetoplacental weight ratio(FPR) was calculated and ABCG2 C421A/Q141K(rs2231142) genotype was assessed. We fit multivariable linear regression models examining log-transformed urinary and placental cadmium concentrations in relation to birthweight, birth length, placental weight, and FPR, adjusting for covariates. RESULTS: Cadmium was measurable in 85-91% of urine samples (by trimester; medians 0.18-0.30 µg/L) and 99% of placentas (median 4.4 µg/g). 17% of placentas had a reduced-function ABCG2 polymorphism (AA or AC genotype). A ln-unit increase in placental cadmium was associated with lower placental weight (β=-19.15g, 95%CI: -36.36,-1.93) and higher FPR (β=0.25, 95%CI: -0.02,0.51); associations with birthweight were inverse, but non-significant. Notably, cadmium was associated with reduced placental weight (β=-48.08g, 95%CI: -96.05,-0.12) and higher FPR (β=0.80, 95%CI: 0.15,1.46) in AA/AC participants, with null associations in wild-type CC participants. Associations with reduced placental weight were stronger in females (β=-24.93g, 95%CI: -49.38,-0.48) compared to males (β=-13.94g, 95%CI: -37.94,11.05). Few associations were observed between specific gravity-adjusted urinary cadmium and newborn/placental size. CONCLUSIONS: Cadmium was associated with reduced placental growth and efficiency in female infants as well as participants with the reduced-function ABCG2 transporter variant, confirming prior in vitro studies. Individuals with ABCG2 polymorphisms may be particularly vulnerable to cadmium’s developmental toxicity.
Human brain organoid-on-a-chip to model prenatal nicotine exposure (2018)

Nicotine has been recognized to trigger various neuronal disabilities in the fetal brain and long-lasting behavioral deficits in offspring. However, further understanding of fetal brain development under nicotine exposure is challenging due to the limitations of existing animal models. Here, we create a new brain organoid-on-a-chip system derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) that allows us to model neurodevelopmental disorders under prenatal nicotine exposure (PNE) at early stages. The brain organoid-on-a-chip system facilitates 3D culture, in situ neural differentiation, and self-organization of brain organoids under continuous perfused cultures in a controlled manner. The generated brain organoids displayed well-defined neural differentiation, regionalization, and cortical organization, which recapitulates the key features of the early stages of human brain development. The brain organoids exposed to nicotine exhibited premature neuronal differentiation with enhanced expression of the neuron marker TUJ1. Brain regionalization and cortical development were disrupted in the nicotine-treated organoids identified by the expressions of forebrain (PAX6 and FOXG1), hindbrain (PAX2 and KROX20) and cortical neural layer (preplate TBR1 and deep-layer CTIP2) markers. Moreover, the neurite outgrowth showed abnormal neuronal differentiation and migration in nicotine-treated brain organoids. These results suggest that nicotine exposure elicits impaired neurogenesis in early fetal brain development during gestation. The established brain organoid-on-a-chip system provides a promising platform to model neurodevelopmental disorders under environmental exposure, which can be extended for applications in brain disease studies and drug testing.
Identification of metabolic and biomass QTL in Arabidopsis thaliana in a parallel analysis of RIL and IL populations (2007)

Plant growth and development are tightly linked to primary metabolism and are subject to natural variation. In order to obtain an insight into the genetic factors controlling biomass and primary metabolism and to determine their relationships, two Arabidopsis thaliana populations [429 recombinant inbred lines (RIL) and 97 introgression lines (IL), derived from accessions Col-0 and C24] were analyzed with respect to biomass and metabolic composition using a mass spectrometry-based metabolic profiling approach. Six and 157 quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified for biomass and metabolic content, respectively. Two biomass QTL coincide with significantly more metabolic QTL (mQTL) than statistically expected, supporting the notion that the metabolic profile and biomass accumulation of a plant are linked. On the same basis, three out the six biomass QTL can be simulated purely on the basis of metabolic composition. QTL based on analysis of the introgression lines were in substantial agreement with the RIL-based results: five of six biomass QTL and 55% of the mQTL found in the RIL population were also found in the IL population at a significance level of P < or = 0.05, with >80% agreement on the allele effects. Some of the differences could be attributed to epistatic interactions. Depending on the search conditions, metabolic pathway-derived candidate genes were found for 24-67% of all tested mQTL in the database AraCyc 3.5. This dataset thus provides a comprehensive basis for the detection of functionally relevant variation in known genes with metabolic function and for identification of genes with hitherto unknown roles in the control of metabolism.
[Endoscopic treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease]. (2005)

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is highly prevalent in the general population, and the treatment is mostly medical. However, lifelong therapy with proton pump inhibitors is expensive, and some patients with GERD have surgery because of unsatisfying symptom control, poor compliance or lack of acceptance of lifelong medical therapy. In the last couple of years, four endoscopic treatment options for GERD have evolved. These are endoscopic suturing, gastroplication, local radiofrequency treatment and injection of biopolymer into the gastroesophageal junction. The results so far have been promising regarding symptomatic control and patient satisfaction. The lack of normalized pH in the lower esophagus, however, and the lack of a physiological background for the impressing symptomatic effect, plus the fact that there has been only one sham-controlled randomized clinical trial, suggest that carefulness should be exercised in utilizing the procedures until more solid evidence is available. The methods in themselves are promising, though, and will probably have a natural position in the future treatment of GERD.
cleverhans v0.1: an adversarial machine learning library. (2016)

CleverHans is a software library that provides standardized reference implementations of adversarial example construction techniques and adversarial training. The library may be used to develop more robust machine learning models and to provide standardized benchmarks of models' performance in the adversarial setting. Benchmarks constructed without a standardized implementation of adversarial example construction are not comparable to each other, because a good result may indicate a robust model or it may merely indicate a weak implementation of the adversarial example construction procedure. This technical report is structured as follows. Section 1 provides an overview of adversarial examples in machine learning and of the CleverHans software. Section 2 presents the core functionalities of the library: namely the attacks based on adversarial examples and defenses to improve the robustness of machine learning models to these attacks. Section 3 describes how to report benchmark results using the library. Section 4 describes the versioning system.
Application of /2 phase shifted Bragg grating for the longitudinal mode selection of single-frequency fibre lasers (1997)

In this paper we propose a new type of fibre laser configuration which consists of closing an erbium-doped fibre laser cavity by two Bragg gratings (similarly to DBR laser). One of the grating has a Π/2 phase shift at the centre. In the case of passive fibre long Bragg grating with a Π/2 phase shift has narrow transmission peak in the centre of the reflection spectrum. In an active fibre, the spontaneous emission spectrum below threshold exhibits a maximum at the place of the peak in the centre of the reflection spectrum. That would give possibilities to obtain single-frequency oscillation with high output power provided by the long length of the laser cavity.
Human macrophages and monocyte-derived dendritic cells stimulate the proliferation of endothelial cells through midkine production (2022)

The cytokine midkine (MK) is a growth factor that is involved in different physiological processes including tissue repair, inflammation, the development of different types of cancer and the proliferation of endothelial cells. The production of MK by primary human macrophages and monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDCs) was never described. We investigated whether MK is produced by primary human monocytes, macrophages and MDDCs and the capacity of macrophages and MDDCs to modulate the proliferation of endothelial cells through MK production. The TLR stimulation of human monocytes, macrophages and MDDCs induced an average of ≈200-fold increase in MK mRNA and the production of an average of 78.2, 62, 179 pg/ml MK by monocytes, macrophages and MDDCs respectively (p < 0.05). MK production was supported by its detection in CD11c+ cells, CLEC4C+ cells and CD68+ cells in biopsies of human tonsils showing reactive lymphoid follicular hyperplasia. JSH-23, which selectively inhibits NF-κB activity, decreased the TLR-induced production of MK in PMBCs, macrophages and MDDCs compared to the control (p < 0.05). The inhibition of MK production by macrophages and MDDCs using anti-MK siRNA decreased the capacity of their supernatants to stimulate the proliferation of endothelial cells (p = 0.01 and 0.04 respectively). This is the first study demonstrating that the cytokine MK is produced by primary human macrophages and MDDCs upon TLR triggering, and that these cells can stimulate endothelial cell proliferation through MK production. Our results also suggest that NF-κB plays a potential role in the production of MK in macrophages and MDDCs upon TLR stimulation. The production of MK by macrophages and MDDCs and the fact that these cells can enhance the proliferation of endothelial cells by producing MK are novel immunological phenomena that have potentially important therapeutic implications.
Clinical and Parasitological Protection in a Leishmania infantum-Macaque Model Vaccinated with Adenovirus and the Recombinant A2 Antigen (2014)

The remarkable clinical protection induced by A2 in an animal model that is evolutionary close to humans qualifies this antigen as a suitable vaccine candidate against human VL.
P046 Presence of an autoimmunity-associated variant in PTPN22 promotes chronic colitis in a microbiota dependent manner (2018)

The gut microbiota is an important factor for intestinal health, and intestinal inflammation is accompanied with profound changes in microbiota composition. A variant in the gene locus encoding protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22 (PTPN22) is associated with enhanced susceptibility for autoimmune diseases, but negatively associates with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In previous work, we demonstrated that PTPN22 affects molecular pathways involved in IBD pathogenesis, but the role of PTPN22 in shaping the intestinal microbiota has not been addressed so far. Acute and chronic DSS colitis was induced in mice expressing the disease-associated PTPN22 variant (TG), PTPN22 deficient (KO) mice, or wild-type (WT) littermates. Stool samples were collected at day 8 (acute colitis), day 18 (recovery from the first DSS cycle) and day 76 (chronic colitis) and sequenced for the V4 hyper-variable region in the bacterial 16S DNA. During acute DSS treatment, TG mice were protected from colitis, while KO mice suffered from enhanced disease. During chronic DSS colitis, however, enhanced colitis was observed in TG mice from the second DSS cycle onwards, which persisted until the end of the experiment. Of interest, at day 7, DSS-induced dysbiosis was milder in TG mice than in WT or KO counterparts. However, at day 18 the microbiota normalised in WT and KO mice, while DSS-induced dysbiosis was still present in TG mice. To address the role of persistent dysbiosis in subsequent disease progression, cecum content from TG or WT mice after recovery from the first DSS cycle (day 18) was collected and transferred it into treatment-naïve TG or WT mice. Of interest, transfer of cecum content from DSS-challenged TG mice promoted subsequent DSS-induced acute colitis, while transfer of cecum content from WT or naïve TG mice had no effect. Furthermore, in TG mice, we observed an initially very high, but transient expression of the anti-microbial peptide Reg3g, which was drastically reduced upon recovery from the first DSS-cycle. On the other hand, KO mice showed delayed induction of anti-microbial peptides upon acute DSS treatment, but normal or even increased levels in following DSS cycles. The presence of beneficial bacteria such as Roseburia gradually decreased in TG mice, while it increased in WT and KO mice after the first DSS cycle. On the other hand, potential pathogenic bacteria, such as Helicobacter ssp increased in TG mice after recovery from the first cycle, while they decreased in KO mice. Taken together, our results indicate that The presence of the PTPN22 variant affects intestinal inflammation via modulating the host’s response to the intestinal microbiota.