gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Collecting a citizen's digital footprint for health data mining (2015)

This paper describes a case study for collecting digital footprint data for the purpose of health data mining. The case study involved 20 subjects residing in Finland who were instructed to collect data from registries which they evaluated to be useful for understanding their health or health behaviour, current or past. 11 subjects were active, sending 100 data requests to 49 distinct organizations in total. Our results indicate that there are still practical challenges in collecting actionable digital footprint data. Our subjects received a total of 75 replies (reply rate of 75.0%) and 61 datasets (reception rate of 61%). Out of the received data, 44 datasets (72.1%) were delivered in paper format, 4 (6.6%) in portable document format and 13 (21.3%) in structured digital form. The time duration between the sending of the information requests and reception of a reply was 26.4 days on the average.
Coding schemes for multislot messages in multichannel ALOHA with deadlines (2002)

Slotted multichannel ALOHA is the access scheme of choice for short messages and for reserving channels for longer ones in many satellite-based networks. This paper proposes schemes for increasing the capacity (maximum attainable throughput) of multichannel slotted ALOHA subject to meeting a user-specified deadline with a (high) required probability, thereby jointly capturing the users' requirements and the system owner's desires. The focus is on short yet multislot messages. A key idea is to achieve a low probability of missing the deadline by permitting a large maximum resource expenditure per message, while holding the mean expenditure low in order to minimize "pollution." For a K-slot message, redundant single-slot fragments are constructed using block erasure-correcting codes, such that any K fragments suffice for message reception. With multiround coding, an optimized number of fragments are transmitted in each round until K are received or the deadline is reached. Even with very strict constraints, capacities that approach the 1/e limit are attained. The coding-reservation scheme raises capacity above 1/e by allowing the hub, upon receipt of any message fragment(s), to grant contention-free slots for the remaining required fragments. Both schemes are also adapted for use with single-transmitter stations at a small performance penalty in most cases. Finally, because capacity is maximized by minimizing the mean per-message transmission resources, the transmission scheme is also energy-efficient.
Trichomes in Segregating Generations of Sorghum Matings. II. Association with Shootfly Resistance1 (1983)

The shootfly ( Atherigona soccata Rond.) is a major seedling pest of sorghum in Asia and Africa. To determine whether the presence of nonglandular trichomes on the leaf lamina was associated with resistance to shootfly, trichomed, segregating, and trichomeless F 2 — derived lines in the F 3 and F 4 from four trlchomed ✕ trichomeless sorghum matings and their parents were studied at ICRISAT Center, Patancheru, India. Trichomed lines had significantly lower percentages of plants with shootfly eggs 18 days after emergence and of deadhearts (killed central shoot) at both 18 and 23 or more days after emergence. The ratio of the difference between the means of trichomed and trlchomdess lines for the percentage of deadhearts to the corresponding difference between the parents ranged from 0.16 to 0.92 and exceeded 0.32 in seven of nine comparisons. Thus, trichomes were clearly a major factor, but not the only factor, involved in resistance. Means of the parents and trichomed, segregating, and trichomeless offspring were regressed on four possible genetic models. The results indicated that at least two additional loci that interact with each other were involved in resistance. Trichome density was examined as a possible factor in resistance, but correlation of deadheart percentage with the density of trichomes was low and nonsignificant.
Concepts toward directing human astroplasticity to promote neuroregeneration (2018)

Astrocytes exhibit dynamic and complex reactions to various insults. Recently, investigations into the transitions that occur during cellular specification, differentiation, maturation, and disease responses have provided insights into understanding the mechanisms that underlie these altered states of reactivity and function. Here we summarize current concepts in how astrocyte state transitions, termed astroplasticity, are regulated, as well as how this affects neural circuit function through extracellular signaling. We postulate that a promising future approach toward enhancing functional repair after injury and disease would be to steer astrocytes away from an inhibitory response and toward one that is beneficial to neuroplasticity and neuroregeneration. Toward this goal, we discuss emerging biotechnological advancements, with a focus on human pluripotent stem cell bioengineering, which has high potential for effective manipulation and control of astroplasticity. Highlights include innovations in cellular transdifferentiation techniques, nanomedicine, organoid and three-dimensional (3D) spheroid microcircuit development, and the use of biomaterials to influence the extracellular environment. Current barriers and future applications are also summarized in order to augment the design of future preclinical trials aimed toward astrocyte-targeted neuroregeneration with a concept termed astrocellular therapeutics. Developmental Dynamics 248:21-33, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Norepinephrine Promotes Microglia to Uptake and Degrade Amyloid β Peptide through Upregulation of Mouse Formyl Peptide Receptor 2 and Induction of Insulin-Degrading Enzyme (2010)

Locus ceruleus (LC) is the main subcortical site of norepinephrine synthesis. In Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and rodent models, degeneration of LC neurons and reduced levels of norepinephrine in LC projection areas are significantly correlated with the increase in amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and severity of dementia. Activated microglia play a pivotal role in the progression of AD by either clearing amyloid beta peptide (Abeta) deposits through uptake of Abeta or releasing cytotoxic substances and proinflammatory cytokines. Here, we investigated the effect of norepinephrine on Abeta uptake and clearance by murine microglia and explored the underlying mechanisms. We found that murine microglia cell line N9 and primary microglia expressed beta(2) adrenergic receptor (AR) but not beta(1) and beta(3)AR. Norepinephrine and isoproterenol upregulated the expression of Abeta receptor mFPR2, a mouse homolog of human formyl peptide receptor FPR2, through activation of beta(2)AR in microglia. Norepinephrine also induced mFPR2 expression in mouse brain. Activation of beta(2)AR in microglia promoted Abeta(42) uptake through upregulation of mFPR2 and enhanced spontaneous cell migration but had no effect on cell migration in response to mFPR2 agonists. Furthermore, activation of beta(2)AR on microglia induced the expression of insulin-degrading enzyme and increased the degradation of Abeta(42). Mechanistic studies showed that isoproterenol induced mFPR2 expression through ERK1/2-NF-kappaB and p38-NF-kappaB signaling pathways. These findings suggest that noradrenergic innervation from LC is needed to maintain adequate Abeta uptake and clearance by microglia, and norepinephrine is a link between neuron and microglia to orchestrate the host response to Abeta in AD.
Efficient Simulation Method to Predict Green Water Loads on Superstructures (2015)

The numerical prediction of green water loads on super-structures is challenging due to the high number of required calculations to identify the critical operational conditions in the seaway which lead to overcoming seawater on deck. Further, the simulation of the non-linear behaviour of water on the deck and the prediction of impact loads require high computational effort. This paper presents an efficient three-step approach to simulate green water loads. The application of the developed procedure will be demonstrated on a mega yacht geometry.
Effects of sex-sorting and sperm dosage on conception rates of Holstein heifers: Is comparable fertility of sex-sorted and conventional semen plausible? (2011)

The conception rates of Holstein heifers after AI with 2.1 or 10 × 10(6) sperm dosages of sex-sorted or conventionally processed sperm were compared. Ejaculates collected by artificial vagina from 8 Holstein sires were cryopreserved at either 2.1 or 10 × 10(6) sperm per dose with or without sorting to 90% purity for X-chromosome-bearing spermatozoa using flow cytometry. All treatments were processed in an egg-yolk (20%), TRIS, glycerol (7%) extender and packaged in color-coded 0.25-mL French straws. Straws (n=350 straws/treatment per sire) were packaged and distributed in aliquots of 12 (3 straws of each treatment) to 51 herds of Holstein heifers. Straw color was recorded in the on-farm record keeping system at the time of AI and retrieved by electronic download. In total, 9,172 services were recovered, providing a mean sample size of 287±3.5 services/sperm dose per semen type within sire (range: 248 to 318). Conception rates were influenced by the main effects of herd, sire, semen type, sperm dosage, and service number. The herd by sperm dosage interaction was the only interaction determined to be significant and implies that some herds (technicians) are more proficient than others at maintaining high levels of conception with decreased sperm dosages. Across herds and sires, the conception rates of each semen type by sperm dosage combination were as follows: 2.1 × 10(6) sex-sorted, 38%, n=2,319; 10 × 10(6) sex-sorted, 44%, n=2,279; 2.1 × 10(6) conventional, 55%, n=2,282; and 10 × 10(6) conventional, 60%, n=2,292. The observation that conception rates of sex-sorted semen were improved by the 10 × 10(6) sperm dosage is encouraging toward the prospectus of development of a commercially available sex-sorted product with improved conception potential over existing technology. However, the failure of the 10 × 10(6) sex-sorted sperm dosage to achieve conception rates comparable to either dosage of conventional semen is somewhat discouraging toward the plausibility of comparable conception rates to conventional semen in the absence of major technological advances in efficiency of sperm sorting or cryopreservation.
Synthese und Cycloadditionen des 1,5‐Bis(3,5‐dioxo‐Δ1‐1,2,4‐triazolin‐4‐ylmethyl)‐2, 4‐dimethylbenzols (1978)

Synthesis and Cycloadditions of 1,5‐Bis(3,5‐dioxo‐Δ 1 ‐1,2,4‐triazolin‐4‐ylmethyl)‐2,4‐dimethylbenzene The synthesis and properties of the title compound 3 are described as well as its (4 + 2)‐cycloadditions with cyclic dienes and anthracene to give the bis‐adducts 4–6 . With the bis(9‐anthryl‐methylthio)alkanes 7 , 8 the macrocyclic phanes 9 and 10 are formed.
Shedding of Endogenous Interleukin-6 Receptor (IL-6R) Is Governed by A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase (ADAM) Proteases while a Full-length IL-6R Isoform Localizes to Circulating Microvesicles (2015)

Generation of the soluble interleukin-6 receptor (sIL-6R) is a prerequisite for pathogenic IL-6 trans-signaling, which constitutes a distinct signaling pathway of the pleiotropic cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6). Although in vitro experiments using ectopically overexpressed IL-6R and candidate proteases revealed major roles for the metalloproteinases ADAM10 and ADAM17 in IL-6R shedding, the identity of the protease(s) cleaving IL-6R in more physiological settings, or even in vivo, remains unknown. By taking advantage of specific pharmacological inhibitors and primary cells from ADAM-deficient mice we established that endogenous IL-6R of both human and murine origin is shed by ADAM17 in an induced manner, whereas constitutive release of endogenous IL-6R is largely mediated by ADAM10. Although circulating IL-6R levels are altered in various diseases, the origin of blood-borne IL-6R is still poorly understood. It has been shown previously that ADAM17 hypomorphic mice exhibit unaltered levels of serum sIL-6R. Here, by quantification of serum sIL-6R in protease-deficient mice as well as human patients we also excluded ADAM10, ADAM8, neutrophil elastase, cathepsin G, and proteinase 3 from contributing to circulating sIL-6R. Furthermore, we ruled out alternative splicing of the IL-6R mRNA as a potential source of circulating sIL-6R in the mouse. Instead, we found full-length IL-6R on circulating microvesicles, establishing microvesicle release as a novel mechanism for sIL-6R generation.
Evaluation of fetal condition in uncomplicated pregnancies at 40 weeks and beyond by calculation of amniotic fluid indexes and Doppler in the middle cerebral artery. (2021)

Objective. The aim of our data is to reveal the method of prognosis abnormal perinatal outcome, using combination US and Doppler results in uncomplicated pregnancies at 40 weeks and beyond. Design.1020 uncomplicated pregnant women at 40 weeks and beyond were examined 48 hours before delivery. We analyzed fetus’s condition during labor and just after. Setting. According these dates all women were divided into 3 groups after amniotic index(AI)and pulsatility indices(PI) in the middle cerebral artery(MCA). Population.260 women were included in the study because they met the inclusion criteria. Methods.All women were divided into 3 groups (group 1 - PI&gt;0.835, any value of AI, group 2-AI &gt;85, PI ≤ 0.835, group 3- AI ≤ 85 and PI ≤ 0.835).We analyzed fetus’s condition during labor and just after delivery (Apgar score &lt;=7 and &gt;7 on the 1st minute). Result. We’ve got trigger level for pulsatility index (PI) as 0.835, if we had PI less than that threshold cases of emergency cesarean section increases in 2,12 times, if PI less than 0,835 in combination with Amniotic Index(AI) 85 and less in 5,28 times. If PI =&lt;0,835 risk of newborns having Apgar 7 and less increases in 1,18, but in combination with AI =&lt;85 in 4,72 times. Conclusion. In results we found out the following data: low PI in the MCA may be parameter which cans prognoses fetus distress. Combination of PI reduce with low AI increases its specific and can use in practical ways to avoid hypoxic brain damage during labor.
Spectra of delta-sigma modulated inverters: an analytical treatment (1992)

Analytic expressions for the output voltage spectrum of an asynchronous delta (or delta-sigma) modulated inverter are reported and supported by experimental data. The analysis yields three functions that give the frequency, phase, and amplitude of each component of the spectrum. These functions are in terms of the sinusoidal reference waveform and the properties of the modulator. The method provides greater accuracy and computational efficiency than the numerical methods reported to date. The spectral components form pairs of sidebands around multiples of the average switching frequency. The functions detail the relationship between the number of significant sideband components and the depth of modulation and illustrate the spread-spectrum nature of delta modulation. Extensions to nonsinusoidal reference waveforms and to hysteresis current controllers are considered.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Transdermally-delivered oxybutynin (Oxytrol(R) for overactive bladder. (2001)

(1) The oxybutynin patch is a transdermal delivery system, which releases the drug oxybutynin through the skin for the management of overactive bladder. (2) Limited evidence suggests that transdermal delivery of oxybutynin over a short period of time may have efficacy comparable to oral oxybutynin. (3) Recent phase II and III clinical trials supported by the manufacturer suggest a potentially reduced incidence of dry mouth compared to oral oxybutynin. Itching, however, is present in 18% of patients, and the patients' withdrawal rate due to adverse events after 12 weeks is significant (10%). (4) More studies are required to determine the long-term efficacy and safety of the oxybutynin patch for overactive bladder. (5) A New Drug Application for transdermal oxybutynin (Oxytrol(R)) is currently under review at the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. As of October 2001, the oxybutynin patch has not been approved in Canada.
Measurement And Optimalization Of The Mtf's Of The Microradiographic Method And Its Subsystems (1985)

Contactmicroradiography produces an X-ray absorbance image of mineralized tissue slices. We use it to calculate the mineral content in tissue from the absorbance data of thin tooth sections as a function of depth in the tissue. This paper gives a complete analysis of the loss of detail caused by the microradiographic subsystems, describing this loss with the Modulation Transfer Function (MTF). Images (CuKaradiation) of thin test objects with a sharp edge were made on holographic film; an aluminium stepwedge was used to calibrate the film. Densitometric tracings of the images were fed into a microcomputer. The dose-density relation of the film was approximated by a 3rd degree polynomial using the stepwedge data. The resulting curve was used to convert the densitometric data of the slice into X-ray absorbance data. To filter out the film grain noise, 20 microradiograms were made of the same object and their edge scans were averaged. The resulting Edge Spread Function (ESF) was transformed into the MTF using standard techniques. Thus the MTF of the total method was obtained, using a 100 pm thick Al slab as object. The combined MTF of the densitometer together with the film was found with a 27 pm thick Cu slab as object, closely pressed to the film. The densitometer MTF was obtained using a knife edge as object in the densitometer. The results show that the total loss of spatial detail depends on the contributions of the X-ray projection geometry (projection subsystem), the film emulsion (film subsystem) and densitometer window width (densitometer subsystem). The MTF&apos;s of the individual subsystems were calculated from the measured combined MTF&apos;s assuming that the imaging subsystems are linear. After optimalization of the MTF&apos;s of the subsystems the maximum transmitted spatial frequency of the method was found to be 330 lines per mm.
Microfabricated ultrashort cantilever probes for high speed AFM (2011)

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) enables resolving features in the nanometer regime and allows in contrast to scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) measuring in liquids and a true atomic resolution also on isolating samples. But as all other scanning probe techniques the AFM requires serial data acquisition and suffers therefore from a low temporal resolution. Fast dynamical processes like most chemical reaction can not be observed in real time and the application as a tool for quality controls, e.g. in semicunductor indutries, fails often due to an unprofitable high time consumption. To enhance the scanning speed of an AFM we have developed, realized and tested different novel AFM-probes - one key component for high speed AFM- with small cantilevers and integrated sharp tips. Although such cantilevers have been presented and demonstrated on specific applications by different groups, our focus concentrates on widely dispersed applications and on aspects of mass fabrication like reproducibility and yield.
All-Trans Retinoic Acid Ameliorates Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Reducing Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis (2015)

Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury interferes with the restoration of blood flow to ischemic myocardium. Oxidative stress-elicited apoptosis has been reported to contribute to I/R injury. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) has anti-apoptotic activity as previously reported. Here, we investigated the effects and the mechanism of action of ATRA on myocardial I/R injury both in vivo and in vitro. In vivo, ATRA reduced the size of the infarcted area (17.81±1.05% vs. 24.41±1.03%, P<0.05) and rescued cardiac function loss (ejection fraction 46.42±6.76% vs. 37.18±4.63%, P<0.05) after I/R injury. Flow-cytometric analysis and TUNEL assay demonstrated that the protective role of ATRA on myocardial I/R injury was related to its anti-apoptotic effects. The anti-apoptotic effects of ATRA were associated with partial inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and significantly less phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) including p38, JNK, and ERK. Western blot analysis also revealed that ATRA pre-treatment increased a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 10 (ADAM10) expression (0.65 ± 0.20 vs. 0.41±0.02 in vivo) and reduced the level of receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) (0.38 ± 0.17 vs. 0.52 ± 0.11 in vivo). Concomitantly, the protective role of ATRA on I/R injury was not observed in RAGE-KO mice. The current results indicated that ATRA could prevent myocardial injury and reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis after I/R effectively. One possible mechanism underlying these effects is that ATRA could increase ADAM10 expression and thus cleave RAGE, which is the main receptor up-stream of MAPKs in myocardial I/R injury, resulting in the down-regulation of MAPK signaling and protective role on myocardial I/R injury.
Rosetta in CAPRI rounds 13–19 (2010)

Modeling the conformational changes that occur on binding of macromolecules is an unsolved challenge. In previous rounds of the Critical Assessment of PRediction of Interactions (CAPRI), it was demonstrated that the Rosetta approach to macromolecular modeling could capture side chain conformational changes on binding with high accuracy. In rounds 13-19 we tested the ability of various backbone remodeling strategies to capture the main-chain conformational changes observed during binding events. These approaches span a wide range of backbone motions, from limited refinement of loops to relieve clashes in homologous docking, through extensive remodeling of loop segments, to large-scale remodeling of RNA. Although the results are encouraging, major improvements in sampling and energy evaluation are clearly required for consistent high accuracy modeling. Analysis of our failures in the CAPRI challenges suggest that conformational sampling at the termini of exposed beta strands is a particularly pressing area for improvement.
Quinazolines and 1,4-Benzodiazepines. X.1 Nitro-Substituted 5-Phenyl-1,4-benzodiazepine Derivatives2 (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTQuinazolines and 1,4-Benzodiazepines. X.1 Nitro-Substituted 5-Phenyl-1,4-benzodiazepine Derivatives2L. H. Sternbach, R. Ian Fryer, O. Keller, W. Metlesics, G. Sach, and N. SteigerCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1963, 6, 3, 261–265Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00339a010https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00339a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1310Altmetric-Citations78LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts