gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Helicopter individual-blade-control research at MIT 1977-1985 (1986)

A new advanced system for active control of helicopters and its application to the solution of rotor aerodynamic and aeroelastic problems is described. Each blade is individually controlled in the rotating frame over a wide range of frequencies. Application of the system to gust alleviation, attitude stabilization, vibration alleviation, blade lag damping augmentation, stall flutter suppression, blade flapping stabilization, stall alleviation, and performance enhancement is outlined. The effectiveness of the system in achieving most of these applications is demonstrated by experimental results from wind tunnel tests of a model helicopter rotor with individual blade control. The feasibility of achieving many or all of the applications of individual blade control using the conventional helicopter swash plate is demonstrated, and the necessary control laws are presented.
Markov Chains and Random Walks (1995)

THE study of random walks on graphs is fascinating in its own right. In addition, it has a number of applications to the design and analysis of randomized algorithms. This chapter will be devoted to studying random walks on graphs, and to some of their algorithmic applications. We start by describing a simple algorithm for the 2-SAT problem, and analyze it by studying the properties of random walks on the line. Following a brief treatment of the basics of Markov chains, we consider random walks on undirected graphs. It is shown that there is a strong connection between random walks and the theory of electric networks. Random walks are then applied to the problem of determining the connectivity of graphs. Next, we turn to the study of random walks on expander graphs. We define a class of expanders and use algebraic graph theory to characterize their properties. Finally, we illustrate the special properties of random walks on expanders via an application to probability amplification.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Clinical and biomarker changes in dominantly inherited Alzheimer's disease. (2012)

BACKGROUND: The order and magnitude of pathologic processes in Alzheimer's disease are not well understood, partly because the disease develops over many years. Autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease has a predictable age at onset and provides an opportunity to determine the sequence and magnitude of pathologic changes that culminate in symptomatic disease.METHODS: In this prospective, longitudinal study, we analyzed data from 128 participants who underwent baseline clinical and cognitive assessments, brain imaging, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood tests. We used the participant's age at baseline assessment and the parent's age at the onset of symptoms of Alzheimer's disease to calculate the estimated years from expected symptom onset (age of the participant minus parent's age at symptom onset). We conducted cross-sectional analyses of baseline data in relation to estimated years from expected symptom onset in order to determine the relative order and magnitude of pathophysiological changes.RESULTS: Concentrations of amyloid-beta (Aβ)(42) in the CSF appeared to decline 25 years before expected symptom onset. Aβ deposition, as measured by positron-emission tomography with the use of Pittsburgh compound B, was detected 15 years before expected symptom onset. Increased concentrations of tau protein in the CSF and an increase in brain atrophy were detected 15 years before expected symptom onset. Cerebral hypometabolism and impaired episodic memory were observed 10 years before expected symptom onset. Global cognitive impairment, as measured by the Mini-Mental State Examination and the Clinical Dementia Rating scale, was detected 5 years before expected symptom onset, and patients met diagnostic criteria for dementia at an average of 3 years after expected symptom onset.CONCLUSIONS: We found that autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease was associated with a series of pathophysiological changes over decades in CSF biochemical markers of Alzheimer's disease, brain amyloid deposition, and brain metabolism as well as progressive cognitive impairment. Our results require confirmation with the use of longitudinal data and may not apply to patients with sporadic Alzheimer's disease. (Funded by the National Institute on Aging and others; DIAN ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00869817.). PMID: 22784036 Funding information This work was supported by: NIA NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: UF1 AG032438 Medical Research Council, United Kingdom Grant ID: G0601846 NIA NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: U19 AG032438 NCATS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: UL1 TR000448 NINDS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: P30 NS048056 NCATS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: UL1 TR000124 NIA NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: U19 AG010483 More Less keyboard_arrow_down
SEM CD metrology on nanoimprint template: an analytical SEM approach (2009)

Critical dimension metrology is the most needed feedback in nanofabrication and automatic CDSEM-based methods are by far the industrial standard for its well-established methodology and ease of programming and flexibility in measurement setup and operation. The dimensional measurements from SEMs consist of two steps, the first being the pixel based electron emission signal intensity profile generation and the second being the algorithm treatment on the generated intensity profile for the dimension determination. However, SEM metrology involves uncertainty of the measurement in the signal processing step, because the SEM signal formation is an extremely complex process depending on the pattern geometry, materials, detector setup, and beam voltage. Analytical SEMs are even less optimized for the task of quantitative metrology, especially at the CD ranging below 100 nm. In this work, we used an analytical SEM for CD metrology applications on quartz nanoimprint template from the perspective that only analytical SEM is accessible. The machine was tuned and beam characterization was done first to find the best reasonable condition for consistent manual operation using BEAMETR beam measurement pattern and software. The optimized beam condition set was then used for image collection on pitch pattern quartz template and the measurements were done using regular imaging processing and physical model based processing tool myCD. In order to discuss the spot size on the scan signal and the resulting influence on CD measurements, we used CHARIOT simulation software for simulated intensity profile as demonstration. The quartz template was then measured through a mask CDSEM for final data comparison. Selected sites were cross sectioned to reveal profile information as metrology comparison reference. Through our exercise, the metrology capability and fundamental limitation of analytical SEM operation with regular imaging processing was identified and the improvement using the physical modeling imaging process was verified.
Pedestrian Navigation - Creating a tailored geodatabase for routing (2007)

In this paper, we present an approach to generate a geodatabase accustomed to the specific needs of pedestrians for navigation applications. One of our goals is to use different existing geodatasets like topographic, cadastral and indoor vector map data and develop methods for deriving automatically an area-wide available geodata set adapted to the needs of pedestrians. Therefore, the data sources have to be investigated as to which parts of their content have relevance for the targeted user scenario. The important data parts are selected and furthermore analyzed with GIS techniques to derive new information. In a last step the separate data layers have to be merged into one geometrically consistent data set using conflation methods, so that a connected graph can be built up and used to compute pedestrian routes via shortest-path algorithms.
What x rays can tell us about the interfacial profile of water near hydrophobic surfaces (2013)

The free surface of water and the interface between water and a hydrophobic surface both have positive interface energies. The water density near a free surface drops below the bulk density, and thus it is expected that water near a hydrophobic surface will also show a density depletion. However, efforts by multiple groups to detect and characterize the predicted gap at water-hydrophobic interfaces have produced contradictory results. We have studied the interface between water and fluoroalkylsilane self-assembled monolayers using specular x-ray reflectivity and analyzed the parameter-space landscapes of the merit functions being minimized by data fitting. This analysis yields a better understanding of confidence intervals than the customary process of reporting a unique best fit. We conclude that there are unambiguous gaps at water-hydrophobic interfaces when the hydrophobic monolayer is more densely packed.
„Legum Magister in Unternehmensrestrukturierung“: Chancen und Nutzen des Magisterstudiengangs (2013)

Der Band präsentiert Vorträge des fünften Heidelberger Symposium zur Unternehmensrestrukturierung vom März 2012. Die Herausgeber möchten mit dem Band den Diskurs in Wissenschaft, Praxis und Politik über die aktuelle Insolvenzrechtsreform sowie die weiteren bevorstehenden Änderungen des Insolvenzrechts bereichern, Anstöße zu einer weiteren Verbesserung des Rechts der Sanierung und Restrukturierung von Unternehmen geben, die Einsicht in die Notwendigkeit der Resolvenz auch des Staates befördern und Aus- und Fortbildungsmöglichkeiten auf dem Gebiet der Unternehmenssanierung und Unternehmensrestrukturierung vorstellen.
Numerical Manufacturing And Design Tool (NuMAD v2.0) for Wind Turbine Blades: User’s Guide (2012)

Abstract Not Provided
Degradation kinetics of artesunate for the development of an ex-tempore intravenous injection (2022)

Abstract Background Artesunate is recommended by the world health organization (WHO) for parenteral treatment of severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria. However, artesunate is inherently unstable in an aqueous solution and hydrolyses rapidly after its preparation for injection. Therefore, the aim of the study was to evaluate the stabilizing effects of phosphate buffer and mannitol against short-term (ex-tempore) artesunate hydrolysis. Methods A HPLC-UV isocratic method was developed using a reversed-phase fused core column (HALO RP-C18) and a mobile phase consisting of a mixture of 45% ammonium formate 10 mM in water (pH 4.5) and 55% methanol. Artesunate was formulated as aqueous solutions using a design of experiment (DOE) to investigate the artesunate stabilizing effects of pH (8-10), phosphate buffer strength ( 0.3 – 0.5 M), and mannitol (0 – 0.22 mmol/mL). The solutions were incubated at predefined temperatures (5, 25, and 40 °C) with subsequent analysis. Arrhenius equation was applied to model and evaluate the stability results. Results The developed HPLC-based method using fused-core stationary phase allowed to selectively quantify artesunate in the presence of its main hydrolysis degradants; namely β-dihydroartemisinin (β-DHA) and α-dihydroartemisinin (α-DHA) within 10 minutes. By applying the Arrhenius equation, the rate of hydrolysis of the drug increased approximately by 3.44 as the temperature raised by 10 ℃. Buffer strength was found to be the main factor affecting the hydrolysis rate constants at 5 and 25 ℃ (p&lt;0.05), the activation energy (p = 0.007), and the frequency factor (p = 0.046). However, the effect of the buffer was predominant on the activation energy and hydrolysis rate constants, revealing its stabilizing effect on the drug at lower buffer strength (0.3 M). Within the investigated range (pH = 8-10), pH was found to influence the activation energy, with a positive stabilizing effect in the pH range of 8-9. The addition of mannitol as stabilizing agent into artesunate aqueous formulation did not show an improved response. Conclusion Phosphate buffer was the main stability determining factor of artesunate in the aqueous intravenous (i.v.) formulation and was found to be more effective in stabilizing artesunate at a buffer strength of 0.3 M in pH 8 to 9, while mannitol lacked stabilizing effect.
RAS-Models: A Building Block for Self-Healing Benchmarks (2007)

To evaluate the efficacy of self-healing systems a rigorous, objective, quantitative benchmarking methodology is needed. However, developing such a benchmark is a non-trivial task given the many evaluation issues to be resolved, including but not limited to: quantifying the impacts of faults, analyzing various styles of healing (reactive, preventative, proactive), accounting for partially automated healing and accounting for incomplete/imperfect healing. We posit, however,that it is possible to realize a self-healing benchmark using a collection of analytical techniques and practical tools as building blocks. This paper highlights the flexibility of one analytical tool, the Reliability, Availability and Serviceability (RAS) model, and illustrates its power and relevance to the problem of evaluating self-healing mechanisms/systems, when combined with practical tools for fault-injection.
THE TRENDS HIGH-CONTRAST IMAGING SURVEY. VI. DISCOVERY OF A MASS, AGE, AND METALLICITY BENCHMARK BROWN DWARF (2016)

ABSTRACT The mass and age of substellar objects are degenerate parameters leaving the evolutionary state of brown dwarfs ambiguous without additional information. Theoretical models are normally used to help distinguish between old, massive brown dwarfs and young, low-mass brown dwarfs but these models have yet to be properly calibrated. We have carried out an infrared high-contrast imaging program with the goal of detecting substellar objects as companions to nearby stars to help break degeneracies in inferred physical properties such as mass, age, and composition. Rather than using imaging observations alone, our targets are pre-selected based on the existence of dynamical accelerations informed from years of stellar radial velocity (RV) measurements. In this paper, we present the discovery of a rare benchmark brown dwarf orbiting the nearby ( d = 18.69 ± 0.19 pc), solar-type (G9V) star HD 4747 ([Fe/H] = −0.22 ± 0.04) with a projected separation of only ρ = 11.3 ± 0.2 au ( θ = 0.″6). Precise Doppler measurements taken over 18 years reveal the companion’s orbit and allow us to place strong constraints on its mass using dynamics ( ). Relative photometry (Δ K s = 9.05 ± 0.14, , ) indicates that HD 4747 B is most likely a late-type L-dwarf and, if near the L/T transition, an intriguing source for studying cloud physics, variability, and polarization. We estimate a model-dependent mass of for an age of Gyr based on gyrochronology. Combining astrometric measurements with RV data, we calculate the companion dynamical mass ( ) and orbit ( e = 0.740 ± 0.002) directly. As a new mass, age, and metallicity benchmark, HD 4747 B will serve as a laboratory for precision astrophysics to test theoretical models that describe the emergent radiation of brown dwarfs.
Effects of Liposome Clodronate on Renal Leukocyte Populations and Renal Fibrosis in Murine Obstructive Nephropathy (2009)

Although liposome-encapsulated clodronate has been used as a means to deplete macrophages from certain tissues, target leukocyte subtypes within the kidney are not clearly known under normal and pathologic conditions. The present study was therefore conducted to examine the effects of liposome clodronate on renal infiltrating cell type following unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and tried to correlate these changes to the mechanisms of early development of renal fibrosis. Renal infiltrating leukocyte subtypes and counts were determined by using multicolor flow cytometric analysis of cell suspensions from obstructed kidneys. UUO for 5 days elicited renal tubular apoptosis and renal fibrosis and showed 4-fold increase in renal leukocytes including monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells, and T-cells. Repeated administration of liposome clodronate selectively depleted F4/80+ monocytes/macrophages and F4/80+ dendritic cells but not F4/80(-) dendritic cells or other cell types in both obstructed and non-obstructed kidneys. Tubular apoptosis and renal fibrosis were also significantly attenuated by liposome clodronate. Increased gene expression of TNF-alpha and TGF-beta observed in obstructed kidneys were markedly attenuated by depletion of renal mononuclear phagocytes. These findings suggest that F4/80+ monocytes/macrophages and/or F4/80+ dendritic cells play a pivotal role in the development of obstruction-induced tubular apoptosis and renal fibrosis, possibly through TNF-alpha and TGF-beta dependent mechanisms.
Supplementary Figure S3 from Amplification of the <i>MET</i> Receptor Drives Resistance to Anti-EGFR Therapies in Colorectal Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S3 - PDF file 123K, Schematic representation of the PCR based strategy used to detect the locus-specific rearrangement associated to MET amplification in samples from patient #3 and identification of MET amplification in circulating tumor DNA during anti-EGFR therapy&lt;/p&gt;
Agency and the Pace of Adoption of New Techniques (2002)

We study the relation of financial development and the pace of technological advance in a dynamic agency theoretic model. A firm which is financed by outside shareholders but run by managers has the prospect of a process innovation which arrives stochastically. Adopting the innovation requires firing old management and hiring new with skills appropriate for the new technique. We show that subgame perfect equilibria in this game can be of two types. In entrenchment equilibrium once the new techniques has been announced old style management raises their dividend payout sufficiently to pre-empt the innovation. In maximum rent extraction equilibrium managers are unable or unwilling to match the impending productivity improvement and instead respond by increasing their perquisites for the remaining time of their tenure. We show that both equilibria involve several types of inefficiencies and can result in underinvestment in positive NPV projects. We discuss the role of financial innovation in reducing the inefficiencies identified.
Mobile product customization (2010)

Many companies are using the web to enable customers to individually customize their products that range from automobiles and bicycles to CDs, cosmetics and shirts. In this paper we present a mobile application for product customization and production within a smart factory. This allows the ad hoc configuration of products at the point of sale (POS). We investigate human factors when customizing products while interacting with them. We focus on the concept of the mobile client that enables this ad hoc modification, but also present the production chain behind our product. We believe that this particular 3D interaction with a product and a mobile device help to improve the customer satisfaction as it allows for customizing a product in an easy and intuitive way. From a CHI perspective an important aspect is that our mobile augmented reality interface can help to match the costumer's expectations with the final modified product and allows the most natural and intuitive interaction. As a use case of the system, we present the modification of a soap dispenser.
Impact of communication failures on power system security and stability defense system (2014)

SDH communication network is critical for the WARMAP system (a Power System Security and Stability Defense System) which transmits data and control command among different layers of control stations and devices. Figuring out the impact of communication failure on WARMAP will ensure the proper functioning of WARMAP. Firstly, this paper introduces the framework and workflow of WARMAP. And then, through a typical provincial level WARMAP system, WARMAP's demand on real-time performance and reliability requirement of SDH network are summarized. Following that, the impact of communication interruption, latency and bit error on WARMAP and their consequences on power system stability are analyzed in detail. Two case studies are performed to demonstrate the impact of communication latency on power system transient angle margin and the relationship between communication latency and the amount of tripped generations. The future research directions have been pointed out at the end of the paper.
Two Analyte Calibration From The Transient Response Of Potentiometric Sensors Employed With The SIA Technique (2009)

Calibration models for multi‐analyte electronic tongues have been commonly built using a set of sensors, at least one per analyte under study. Complex signals recorded with these systems are formed by the sensors’ responses to the analytes of interest plus interferents, from which a multivariate response model is then developed. This work describes a data treatment method for the simultaneous quantification of two species in solution employing the signal from a single sensor. The approach used here takes advantage of the complex information recorded with one electrode’s transient after insertion of sample for building the calibration models for both analytes. The departure information from the electrode was firstly processed by discrete wavelet for transforming the signals to extract useful information and reduce its length, and then by artificial neural networks for fitting a model. Two different potentiometric sensors were used as study case for simultaneously corroborating the effectiveness of the approach.
Ventricular tachycardia slower than the rate cut-off of a subcutaneous cardiac defibrillator sensed and successfully treated as a result of oversensing (2016)

KEY TEACHING POINTS•Accurate sensing of subcutaneous electrograms (EGMs) to detect ventricular tachycardia (VT) / ventricular fibrillation (VF) is challenging, and oversensing is the most common reason for inappropriate shock in subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (S-ICDs).•EGM characteristics change during VT and VF compared with sinus rhythm. However, there is an expected correlation between surface and subcutaneous EGMs and that is why screening is based on cutaneous EGM recordings.•We report a case with discrepancy between subcutaneous and surface EGM only during VT and not during sinus rhythm. Very low detected R-wave amplitude during slow VT despite large R wave detected on surface electrocardiography (ECG) resulted in P- and T-wave oversensing and shock delivery while the VT rate was below the cut-off detection rate. This case highlights rhythm-dependent discrepancies between the amplitude of surface ECG R waves and S-ICD EGMs. Open table in a new tab
EFFECT OF IBUPROFEN ON THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE TO SURGICAL WOUNDS (1993)

Patients suffering severe trauma frequently become immunosuppressed following injury. This can predispose patients to infectious sequelae. Biochemically, these patients synthesize excessive quantities of cyclooxygenase products (prostaglandins). It has been hypothesized that the prostaglandins cause the immunosuppression and that inhibition of the cyclooxygenase enzyme could thus prevent the immunosuppression. We investigated the effect of the cyclooxygenase inhibitor ibuprofen on the inflammatory response. Rats were subjected to a 30% total body surface area burn and were administered either ibuprofen for a period of 7 days or 14 days, or were administered the carrier for 14 days. The rats were then killed and multiple immunologic variables were measured. Ibuprofen was found to decrease neutrophil chemiluminescence, lymphocyte blastogenesis, and helper/inducer T-lymphocyte infiltration of a sponge matrix model. The same ibuprofen protocol decreased survival in a cecal ligation and puncture model. In conclusion, the cyclooxygenase enzyme system appears to produce metabolites essential for optimal survival following traumatic injury.