gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ridesharing in North America: Past, Present, and Future (2011)

Since the late-1990s, numerous ridematching programs have integrated the Internet, mobile phones, and social networking into their services. Online ridematching systems are employing a range of new strategies to create “critical mass:” 1) regional and large employer partnerships, 2) financial incentives, 3) social networking to younger populations, and 4) real-time ridematching services that employ “smartphones” and automated ridematching software. Enhanced casual carpooling approaches, which focus on “meeting places,” are also being explored. Today, ridesharing represents approximately 8 to 11% of the transportation modal share in Canada and the United States, respectively. There are approximately 638 ridematching programs in North America.Ridesharing’s evolution can be categorized into five phases: 1) World War II car-sharing (or carpooling) clubs; 2) major responses to the 1970s energy crises; 3) early organized ridesharing schemes; 4) reliable ridesharing systems; and 5) technology-enabled ridematching. While ridesharing’s future growth and direction are uncertain, the next decade is likely to include greater interoperability among services, technology integration, and stronger policy support. In light of growing concerns about climate change, congestion, and oil dependency, more research is needed to better understand ridesharing’s impacts on infrastructure, congestion, and energy/emissions.
Differential Effects of Fraxin and Fraxetin on Mouse Liver and Lung Glutathione S-Transferases (1996)

The cytosolic glutathione S-transferases (GST) play a dominant role in the biotransformation of xenobiotics and are modulated by several chemicals of plant origin. In this communication, the influence of the substituted coumarins (fraxin and fraxetin), isolated from the bark of the tree Fraxinus floribunda on the activities of mouse liver and lung GSTs has been investigated. The glucoside, fraxin enhanced lung wt/body wt and inhibited lung cytosolic GST, while these parameters were unaltered in the liver. The administration of fraxetin, the aglucone to mice resulted in the enhancement of GST activities in both liver and lung tissues. These results indicate that fraxin has specific action on mouse lung.
Two Kinds of Cross-Peak Orientations in a Single 2D NMR Contour Plot of Organofluorines (1994)

Recently, a procedure based on the pattern recognition of 2D NMR contours was described for the study of molecules containing fluorines. With the use of a two-dimensional NMR experiment involving the chemical-shift correlations of proton and carbon-13 resonances, it is possible to derive all the basic information about fluorines without actually performing 19F NMR. The technique utilizes the distinctive nature of contour patterns in the 2D plot for the identification of the position of fluorines in the molecule.
Comparison of Quality Analyses of Domestic and Imported Wheat Flour Products Marketed in Korea (2014)

The physicochemical characteristics of 4 domestic wheat flour products were compared to those of 4 imported wheat flour products marketed in Korea. The contents of moisture, ash, protein, total dietary fiber (TDF), color (L, a, b), whiteness, solvent retention capacity (SRC), water absorption index (WAI), water soluble index (WSI), pasting characteristics by rapid visco analyzer (RVA), and principle component analysis (PCA) were analyzed. The domestic wheat flour products were composed of higher content in ash and protein, compared to the imported wheat flour products. The domestic wheat flour products had lower SRC and WSI characteristics than the imported wheat flour products. The values of lactic acid SRC (LASRC) in the imported wheat flour products showed an increasing trend as the protein content increased. The differences in viscosity were observed in the domestic wheat flour products. However, no major significant differences of viscosity were found among the imported wheat flour products. The result of PCA showed a consistent trend in the imported wheat flour (strong, medium, and weak), while a consistent trend was not shown in the domestic wheat flour products. Therefore, further research is needed to standardize the different types of domestic wheat flour products.
Superiority of the Septal Extension Graft over the Columellar Strut Graft in Primary Rhinoplasty: Improved Long-Term Tip Stability (2023)

Therapeutic, III.
Current safety of clotting factor concentrates. (1990)

Earlier commercial clotting factor concentrates transmitted hepatitis viruses to 100% and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome viruses to 60% to 80% of patients with hemophilia. Transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus was nearly eliminated by heating concentrates in the lyophilized state, which has been done since 1983. However, human immunodeficiency virus infections were still transmitted by some products "dry heated" under conditions less extreme than 68 degrees C for 72 hours. Newer virus-inactivating procedures include "dry heating" at 80 degrees C for 72 hours, modified heating in n-heptane or water vapor, heating in solution, treatment with solvent-detergent mixtures, monoclonal affinity purification plus inactivation, and alkylation with beta-propiolactone (only for factor IX complex). These procedures have eliminated significant loads of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and non-A, non-B hepatitis virus in laboratory studies. However, clinical studies have shown transmission of hepatitis non-A, non-B for products "dry heated" except at 80 degrees C and for products heated in n-heptane. Elimination of hepatitis B has been difficult to demonstrate, suggesting a continued need for immunization.
Superoxide Dismutase 3 Controls Adaptive Immune Responses and Contributes to the Inhibition of Ovalbumin-Induced Allergic Airway Inflammation in Mice (2012)

Thus, our data suggest that SOD3 is required to maintain lung homeostasis and acts, at least in part, as a controller of signaling and a decision maker to determine the progression of allergic lung disease.
Deletion of lactose repressor carboxyl-terminal domain affects tetramer formation. (1992)

The carboxyl-terminal sequence of the lac repressor protein contains heptad repeats of leucines at positions 342, 349, and 356 that are required for tetramer assembly, as substitution of these leucine residues yields solely dimeric species (Chakerian, A. E., Tesmer, V. M., Manly, S. P., Brackett, J. K., Lynch, M. J., Hoh, J. T., and Matthews, K. S. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 1371-1374; Alberti, S., Oehler, S., von Wilcken-Bergmann, B., Krämer, H., and Müller-Hill, B. (1991) New Biol. 3, 57-62). To further investigate this region, which may form a leucine zipper motif, a family of lac repressor carboxyl-terminal deletion mutants eliminating the last 4, 5, 11, 18, and 32 amino acids (aa) has been constructed. The -4 aa mutant, in which all of the leucines in the presumed leucine zipper are intact, is tetrameric and displays operator and inducer binding properties similar to wild-type repressor. The -5 aa, -11 aa, -18 aa, and -32 aa deletion mutants, depleted of 1, 2, or all 3 of the leucines in the heptad repeats, are all dimeric, as demonstrated by gel filtration chromatography. Circular dichroism spectra and protease digestion studies indicate similar secondary/tertiary structures for the mutant and wild-type proteins. Differences in reaction with a monoclonal antibody specific for a subunit interface are observed for the dimeric versus tetrameric proteins, indicative of exposure of the target epitope as a consequence of deletion. Inducer binding properties of the deletion mutants are similar to wild-type tetrameric repressor at neutral pH. Only small differences in affinity and cooperativity from wild-type are evident at elevated pH; thus, the cooperative unit within the tetramer appears to be the dimer. "Apparent" operator binding affinity for the dimeric proteins is diminished, although minimal change in operator dissociation rate constants was observed. The diminution in apparent operator affinity may therefore derive from either 1) dissociation of the dimeric mutants to monomer generating a linked equilibrium or 2) alterations in intrinsic operator affinity of the dimers; the former explanation is favored. This detailed characterization of the purified mutant proteins confirms that the carboxyl-terminal region is involved in the dimer-dimer interface and demonstrates that cooperativity for inducer binding is contained within the dimer unit of the tetramer structure.
An ambulatory system for physical activity monitoring in elderly (2002)

A new method of physical activity monitoring is presented, which is able to detect body postures (sitting, standing and lying) and walking period in the elderly from only one kinematic sensor attached to the chest. Wavelet analysis in conjunction with a simple kinematics model was used to recognize different postural transitions and walking periods during daily physical activity. The method was tested on 11 elderly subjects (all community walkers) in a gait laboratory where an optical motion system (Vicon) was used as reference. A close correspondence was found between the two systems. The efficiency of the system for ambulatory monitoring outside of the laboratory was tested on 3 old subjects. High sensitivity (>90%) was obtained for the classification of usual physical activities.
The Mechanism by which the Phenothiazine Thioridazine Contributes to Cure Problematic Drug-Resistant Forms of Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Recent Patents for “New Use” (2014)

At this moment, over half million patients suffer from multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) according to the data from the WHO. A large majority is terminally ill with essentially incurable pulmonary tuberculosis. This herein mini-review provides the experimental and observational evidence that a specific phenothiazine, thioridazine, will contribute to cure any form of drug-resistant tuberculosis. This antipsychotic agent is no longer under patent protection for its initial use. The reader is informed on the recent developments in patenting this compound for "new use" with a special emphasis on the aspects of drug-resistance. Given that economic motivation can stimulate the use of this drug as an antitubercular agent, future prospects are also discussed.
REDUNDÂNCIA MOTORA:O PROBLEMA DE GRAUS DE LIBERDADE NA CIÊNCIA DO MOVIMENTO HUMANO (2008)

"Nesse artigo objetiva-se apresentar uma visão tutorial e aplicada sobre redundância motora, o problema crítico dos graus de liberdade redundantes a ser resolvido pelo sistema nervoso central. Embora um extenso trabalho científico tenha sido realizado nas últimas décadas, o problema de redundância motora, originalmente postulado por Bernstein, continua sendo não resolvido, mas um tópico excitante para pesquisadores interessados em compreender como a mente controla os movimentos voluntários. Abordagens teóricas e estudos aplicados dos últimos 40 anos são relatados nesse artigo, no sentido de resumir o desenvolvimento desse problema científico e o esforço dos pesquisadores em compreendê-lo. Nossa discussão revolve em torno da habilidade do sistema nervoso central em controlar o infinito número de graus de liberdade existentes no movimento humano. Por fim, apontamos que ainda temos uma vasta área de estudos que requer novas estratégias de análise e uma perspectiva multidisciplinar para o completo entendimento dos princípios de como a mente controla movimentos humanos."
Boosting the performance of low-carbon alkali activated slag with APEG PCEs: a comparison with ordinary Portland cement (2023)

This study focused on investigating the dispersing effectiveness of polycarboxylate (PCE) superplasticizers with different carboxylate groups in two binder systems: Alkali-activated Slag (AAS) and Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC). Two α-allyl-ω-hydroxy poly (ethylene glycol) ether (APEG) PCE copolymers were prepared from acrylic acid (AA) or maleic anhydride (MA) separately. Performance test results in AAS revealed that MA-7APEG polymer exhibited much stronger dispersing efficiency than AA-7APEG2, despite both PCE polymers having the same anionicity and comparable molecular weight. This difference in effectiveness can be attributed to the stronger calcium binding capacity of the MA-7APEG polymer, as determined through anionic charge measurements and potential titration analysis. The study highlights the importance of considering the properties of the carboxylate groups in the design of effective PCE superplasticizers for use in different binder systems.
Development of an Immunologically Tolerated Combination of Fluorescent Proteins for In vivo Two-photon Imaging (2014)

Combinations of fluorescent proteins (FPs) are routinely used for multi-parameter in vivo imaging experiments to visualize tagged proteins or cell populations of interest. Studies involving FPs are often limited by spectral overlap, toxicity, relative quantum efficiency, and the potential for immunological rejection upon transfer into a non-tolerant recipient. Here we evaluate the immunologic visibility of several commonly used FPs by the murine immune system and identify a spectrally compatible, immunologically tolerated combination of FPs well suited for in vivo two-photon imaging.
Cancer-associated fibroblasts induce metalloprotease-independent cancer cell invasion of the basement membrane (2017)

At the stage of carcinoma in situ, the basement membrane (BM) segregates tumor cells from the stroma. This barrier must be breached to allow dissemination of the tumor cells to adjacent tissues. Cancer cells can perforate the BM using proteolysis; however, whether stromal cells play a role in this process remains unknown. Here we show that an abundant stromal cell population, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), promote cancer cell invasion through the BM. CAFs facilitate the breaching of the BM in a matrix metalloproteinase-independent manner. Instead, CAFs pull, stretch, and soften the BM leading to the formation of gaps through which cancer cells can migrate. By exerting contractile forces, CAFs alter the organization and the physical properties of the BM, making it permissive for cancer cell invasion. Blocking the ability of stromal cells to exert mechanical forces on the BM could therefore represent a new therapeutic strategy against aggressive tumors.Stromal cells play various roles in tumor establishment and metastasis. Here the authors, using an ex-vivo model, show that cancer-associated fibroblasts facilitate colon cancer cells invasion in a matrix metalloproteinase-independent manner, likely by pulling and stretching the basement membrane to form gaps.
Die trikline Kristallstruktur von Ag2Bi2S3Cl2: Pseudosymmetrie und Zwillingsbildung (2002)

Ruby-red crystals of Ag2Bi2S3Cl2 were synthesized from AgCl and Bi2S3 by cooling a melt from 770 K to room temperature. X-ray diffraction on powders and single-crystals revealed a triclinic crystal structure with special lattice constants (P &1macr; (No. 2), a = 1085.0(2), b = 717.2(1), c = 1137.6(1) pm, α = 89.80(1)?, β = 74.80(1)?, γ = 87.81(1)?). In the structure [BiIIIS3Cl4] polyhedra form 2[BiS3/2Cl4/4]- double-layers by sharing common faces and edges. The silver(I) cations between the layers are coordinated either octahedrally by sulfide ions or tetrahedrally by sulfide and chloride ions. The deviations from the monoclinic space group P 1 21/c 1 are small and induce twinning along [010]. Further pseudosymmetry is based on the stacking of layer packages with the symmetry of the layer group P (2/c) 21/c 2/b.
Efficacy and Safety of Treating Glioblastoma With Tumor-Treating Fields Therapy (2016)

For the first time in more than a decade, patients with GBM have a noninvasive treatment option that has been shown to increase progression-free survival and overall survival with minimal adverse events.
[Chest wall reconstruction after the resection of primary chest wall tumors]. (1996)

Between April 1983 and June 1994, we performed chest wall reconstructions on 9 patients (7 males and 2 females) out of 27 all of whom underwent the radical resection for the primary chest wall tumors. Histological diagnosis of tumors included 6 chondrosarcomas, 1 Ewing's sarcoma, 1 plasmacytoma and 1 giant cell tumor. Six lesions were located on the rib and 3 on the sternum. For the materials for reconstruction of the chest wall use a polyethylene plate in 2 patients, a Marlex mesh in 5 patients and a Marlex mesh with a methyl methacrylate utilizing the sandwich method in 2 patients. The polyethylene plate proved to be satisfactory for maintaining stability of the chest wall. However, our experience using this plate showed intensive foreign body reactions, and discovering these we have not use the polyethylene plate. Marlex mesh had an affinity with human tissue and was very easy to use and produced no complications. We use Marlex mesh for flat surfaces on the anterior or posterior chest wall. Marlex mesh and methyl methacrylate utilizing the sandwich method, combined the solidity and shaping of methyl methacrylate with the benefit such as easy fixation and excellent incorporation of the mesh.
Modified Dirac Hamiltonian for Efficient Quantum Mechanical Simulations\n of Micron Sized Devices (2015)

Representing massless Dirac fermions on a spatial lattice poses a potential\nchallenge known as the Fermion Doubling problem. Addition of a quadratic term\nto the Dirac Hamiltonian circumvents this problem. We show that the modified\nHamiltonian with the additional term results in a very small Hamiltonian matrix\nwhen discretized on a real space square lattice. The resulting Hamiltonian\nmatrix is considerably more efficient for numerical simulations without\nsacrificing on accuracy and is several orders of magnitude faster than the\natomistic tight binding model. Using this Hamiltonian and the Non-Equilibrium\nGreen's Function (NEGF) formalism, we show several transport phenomena in\ngraphene, such as magnetic focusing, chiral tunneling in the ballistic limit\nand conductivity in the diffusive limit in micron sized graphene devices. The\nmodified Hamiltonian can be used for any system with massless Dirac fermions\nsuch as Topological Insulators, opening up a simulation domain that is not\nreadily accessible otherwise.\n
68: Comparison of the Economic Impact of Chronic Prostatitis/ Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome and Interstitial Cystitis/ Painful Bladder Syndrome (2007)

You have accessJournal of UrologyModerated Poster 3, Saturday, May 19, 2007 3:30 - 5:30 pm1 Apr 200768: Comparison of the Economic Impact of Chronic Prostatitis/ Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome and Interstitial Cystitis/ Painful Bladder Syndrome J. Quentin Clemens, Sheila O. Brown, and Elizabeth A. Calhoun J. Quentin ClemensJ. Quentin Clemens More articles by this author , Sheila O. BrownSheila O. Brown More articles by this author , and Elizabeth A. CalhounElizabeth A. Calhoun More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)30333-1AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "68: Comparison of the Economic Impact of Chronic Prostatitis/ Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome and Interstitial Cystitis/ Painful Bladder Syndrome." The Journal of Urology, 177(4S), p. 24 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 177Issue 4SApril 2007Page: 24 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information J. Quentin Clemens More articles by this author Sheila O. Brown More articles by this author Elizabeth A. Calhoun More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Dynamical Mass Measurements of Pre-Main-Sequence Stars: Fundamental Tests of the Physics of Young Stars (2007)

There are now 23 dynamical mass measurements for PMS stars of less than 2 Mo, with most of the measured stars having masses greater than 0.5 Mo. The masses of two PMS brown dwarfs have also been precisely measured. The most important application of these dynamical mass measurements has been to provide tests of theoretical masses derived from PMS stellar evolution models. On average most models in use today predict stellar masses to within 20%; however, the predictions for individual stars can be in error by 50 % or more. Now that dynamical mass measurements are relatively abundant, and will become more so with the application of ground-based optical/infrared interferometers, the primary limitations to such tests have become systematic errors in the determination of the stellar properties necessary for the comparison with evolutionary models, such as effective temperature, luminosity, and radii. Additional dynamical mass determinations between 0.5 Mo and 2 Mo will not likely improve the constraints on evolutionary models until these systematic uncertainties in measurements of stellar properties are reduced. The nature and origin of these uncertainties, as well as the dominant physical issues in theoretical PMS stellar evolution models, are discussed. There are immediately realizable possibilities for improving the characterizations of those stars with dynamical mass measurements. Additional dynamical mass measurements for stars below 0.5 Mo are also very much needed. 1.
Micro-X-Ray Fluorescence, Micro-X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy, and Micro-X-Ray Diffraction Investigation of Lead Speciation after the Addition of Different Phosphorus Amendments to a Smelter-Contaminated Soil (2014)

The stabilization of Pb on additions of P to contaminated soils and mine spoil materials has been well documented. It is clear from the literature that different P sources result in different efficacies of Pb stabilization in the same contaminated material. We hypothesized that the differences in the efficacy of Pb stabilization in contaminated soils on fluid or granular P amendment addition is due to different P reaction processes in and around fertilizer granules and fluid droplets. We used a combination of several synchrotron-based techniques (i.e., spatially resolved micro-X-ray fluorescence, micro-X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy, and micro-X-ray diffraction) to speciate Pb at two incubation times in a smelter-contaminated soil on addition of several fluid and granular P amendments. The results indicated that the Pb phosphate mineral plumbogummite was an intermediate phase of pyromorphite formation. Additionally, all fluid and granular P sources were able to induce Pb phosphate formation, but fluid phosphoric acid (PA) was the most effective with time and distance from the treatment. Granular phosphate rock and triple super phosphate (TSP) amendments reacted to generate Pb phosphate minerals, with TSP being more effective at greater distances from the point of application. As a result, PA and TSP were the most effective P amendments at inducing Pb phosphate formation, but caution needs to be exercised when adding large amounts of soluble P to the environment.
Industrial Applications of Gold Catalysis (2016)

Gold catalysis has recently found its first large-scale applications in the chemical industry. This Minireview provides a critical analysis of the success factors and of the main obstacles that had to be overcome on the long way from the discovery to the commercialization of gold catalysts. The insights should be useful to researchers in both academia and industry working on the development of tomorrow's gold catalysts to tackle significant environmental and economic issues.