gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ADVANCED VIRTUAL ENDOSCOPY FOR ENDOSCOPIC TRANSSPHENOIDAL PITUITARY SURGERY (2006)

According to our experience, vE can be a valuable tool for endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary surgery for training purposes and preoperative planning. For the novice, it can act as a simulator for endoscopic anatomy and for training surgical tasks. For the experienced pituitary surgeon, vE can depict the individual patient's anatomy, and may, therefore, improve intraoperative orientation. By prospectively visualizing unpredictable anatomical variations, vE may increase the safety of this surgical procedure.
Desktop X-ray microscopy and microtomography. (1998)

Recent developments in X-ray microtomography have made it possible to miniaturize a CT scanner into a versatile and cost-effective desktop system that fits into any laboratory environment. The possibilities of the technique are demonstrated for a range of applications. It is also shown how an existing scanning electron microscope with an X-ray detector can, with a specially developed attachment, be transformed into an X-ray microscope and microtomograph.
Personalized ontology for web search personalization (2008)

The highest problem faced by the users of web search today is the quality and the amount of the results they get back. The results often frustrate and consume precious time of the users. Most of the existing search engines perform searches that are keyword-based. They get the search query for the user, search for the presence of search words in the web documents, rank them and display the results to the user. The semantics of the user query and also the intention of the user are not considered. Hence to improve searching in the WWW, a new personalized search index called User Conceptual Index (UCI) has been designed, which provides a conceptual relation between the search keywords and the pages, which matches the user's information need. This paper focuses towards the development of automatically identified user profile called as a personalized ontology and page ontology for the improvement of an existing personalized web search system based on the UCI.
Method for positioning GSM mobilestations using absolute time delay measurements (1997)

A trilateration based method for locating mobile stations (MSs) in a GSM cellular communication network is proposed. Measurements are processed with an extended Kalman filter (EKF), in order to track MSs and to establish their position. An analytical study of positioning accuracy is also developed.
Neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade induces T cell and cDC1 activation but fails to overcome the immunosuppressive tumor associated macrophages in recurrent glioblastoma (2021)

Primary brain tumors, such as glioblastoma (GBM), are remarkably resistant to immunotherapy, even though pre-clinical models suggest effectiveness. To understand this better in patients, here we take advantage of our recent neoadjuvant treatment paradigm to map the infiltrating immune cell landscape of GBM and how this is altered following PD-1 checkpoint blockade using high dimensional proteomics, single cell transcriptomics, and quantitative multiplex immunofluorescence. Neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade increases T cell infiltration and the proportion of a progenitor exhausted population of T cells found within the tumor. We identify an early activated and clonally expanded CD8+ T cell cluster whose TCR overlaps with a CD8+ PBMC population. Distinct changes are also observed in conventional type 1 dendritic cells that may facilitate T cell recruitment. Macrophages and monocytes still constitute the majority of infiltrating immune cells, even after anti-PD-1 therapy. Interferon-mediated changes in the myeloid population are consistently observed following PD-1 blockade; these also mediate an increase in chemotactic factors that recruit T cells. However, sustained high expression of T-cell-suppressive checkpoints in these myeloid cells continue to prevent the optimal activation of the tumor infiltrating T cells. Therefore, future immunotherapeutic strategies may need to incorporate the targeting of these cells for clinical benefit.
Converting 3D furniture models to fabricatable parts and connectors (2011)

Although there is an abundance of 3D models available, most of them exist only in virtual simulation and are not immediately usable as physical objects in the real world. We solve the problem of taking as input a 3D model of a man-made object, and automatically generating the parts and connectors needed to build the corresponding physical object. We focus on furniture models, and we define formal grammars for IKEA cabinets and tables. We perform lexical analysis to identify the primitive parts of the 3D model. Structural analysis then gives structural information to these parts, and generates the connectors (i.e. nails, screws) needed to attach the parts together. We demonstrate our approach with arbitrary 3D models of cabinets and tables available online.
Serum Syndecan-1: A Novel Biomarker for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (2022)

These findings suggest serum SDC1 as a promising novel biomarker for early blood-based diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.
Ribosome analysis reveals prominent activity of an uncultured member of the class Actinobacteria in grassland soils (1997)

A 16S rRNA-based molecular ecological study was performed to search for dominant bacterial sequences in Drentse A grassland soils (The Netherlands). In the first step, a library of 165 clones was generated from PCR-amplified 16S rDNA. By sequence comparison, clone DA079 and two other identical clones could be affiliated to a group of recently described uncultured Actinobacteria. This group contained 16S rDNA clone sequences obtained from different environments across the world. To determine whether such uncultured organisms were part of the physiologically active population in the soil, ribosomes were isolated from the environment and 16S rRNA was partially amplified via RT-PCR using conserved primers for members of the domain Bacteria. Subsequent sequence-specific separation by temperature-gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE) generated fingerprints of the amplicons. Such community fingerprints were compared with the TGGE pattern of PCR-amplified rDNA of clone DA079 which was generated with the same set of primers. One of the dominant fingerprint bands matched with the band obtained from the actinobacterial clone. Southern blot hybridization with a probe made from clone DA079 confirmed sequence identity of clone and fingerprint band. This is the first report that a member of the novel actinobacterial group may play a physiologically active role in a native microbial community.
Highly Scalable and Reliable Multi-bit/cell Nitride Trapping Nonvolatile Memory Using Enhanced ANS-ONO Process with A Nitridized Interface (2006)

Multi-bit/cell nitride trapping NVM (Eitan et al., 2000 and 2005) using BTBT-HH erase suffers an "apparent" V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> loss due to interface trap (N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">IT</sub> ) generation. The array-nitride-sealing (ANS) ONO process (Shih et al., 2005) eliminates this V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> loss by blocking hydrogen from the interface. In this work we further outfit the ANS-ONO process with a nitridized Si/SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> interface. By introducing a rapid thermal nitridation (RTN) after a low-energy buried diffusion (BD) implantation, the new process provides not only more immunity to HH-induced N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">IT</sub> generation but also a path to scale the BD. A 256Mb testing chip is successfully fabricated by the new approach with excellent natural good yield (>80%) and reliability. Our new process integration shows excellent reliability, scalability, and manufacturability for multi-bit/cell nitride trapping memory
1H‐ and 13C‐NMR spectroscopic study of chemical equilibria in the system acetaldehyde + water (2014)

Acetaldehyde is an important intermediate in the chemical industry and often used in mixtures with water. These mixtures are reactive multicomponent systems, as acetaldehyde forms oligomers with water. Quantitative studies of the resulting speciation are scarce in the literature and limited to the formation of the smallest oligomer, ethane‐1,1‐diol. Therefore, in the present work, a comprehensive study of chemical equilibria in mixtures of acetaldehyde and water was carried out by quantitative 1 H‐ and 13 C‐NMR spectroscopy. The study covers temperatures between 275 and 338 K and overall acetaldehyde mole fractions between about 0.05 and 0.95 mol/mol. The peak assignment is given for both the 1 H‐ and 13 C‐NMR spectra. From the speciation data, obtained from the peak area fractions, numbers for the chemical equilibrium constants of the oligomer formation are obtained and a correlation is presented. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J , 61: 177–187, 2015
PATH53 Magnetic susceptibility of substantia nigra in Parkinson's disease: a 7-T in vivo MRI study (2010)

At post mortem, the hypopigmented substantia nigra (SN) of Parkinson disease (PD) patients generally shows a decrease in neuromelanin (NM) with an increase in ferritin particularly in dopaminergic neurones. Relaxometry-based MRI methods of assessing iron content in the SN depend on the microscopic distribution of iron. Phase mapping or susceptibility weighted imaging methods are sensitive to the magnetic susceptibility and hence iron content of tissue, but both are affected by the geometrical distortion of the phase information. We hypothesise that susceptibility mapping will provide a more direct, in vivo measure of iron in the brains of PD patients. Nine PD patients and controls were recruited under local ethics approval (05/Q2402/87). High-resolution T2* weighted MRI scans were acquired using a 7-T Philips Achieva MRI scanner. The relative magnetic susceptibility was measured in the manually outlined whole SN and its medial part representing the pars compacta (PC) compared to surrounding white matter. Values were averaged over both sides all slices. Statistical analysis found a significant difference for the PC susceptibility between PD patients and normal control subjects (p=0.042) but not for the whole SN (p=0.18). This is the first demonstration of high-resolution magnetic susceptibility mapping of the SN of PD patients and shows a focal increase in magnetic susceptibility in the PC only, consistent with an increase in iron.
The measurement technology for precision peg-in-hole assembly (2019)

Measurement is the prerequisite technology for assembling precise devices in order to guarantee the quality requirements. As a typical category of assembly, peg-in-hole is the most widely employed assembly method in industrial fields, including precision instruments and machinery. Some of the measurement problems and solutions of two major categories of the peg-in-hole assembly, i.e. clearance fits and interference fits, were discussed. The parts to be assembled are small in size. The precision clearance fits require mating surfaces to avoid collisions during assembly; for the precision interference fits, the mating surfaces should not be damaged or generating abrasive chips during press-fit. The hole-shaft alignment and attitude adjustment are the main task need to be carried out precisely in assembly. Furthermore, real-time monitoring and connection strength measurement is also the important for interference fit assembly. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to achieve precise hole-shaft alignment and attitude adjustment of these two kinds of fits and to real-time monitor the assembly process, as well as connection strength assessment of the interference fit. Two assembly instruments were built for interference fits and clearance fits to achieve precise alignment, attitude adjustment, and real-time monitoring. In addition, an ultrasonic testing apparatus was built to evaluate the connection strength. After calibration, the precision press-fit instrument can achieve high assembly accuracy and demonstrated with experiments. The prediction results of connection strength are in good agreement with experimental results with a relative error less than 20%. Furthermore, the instrument for clearance fits was also designed and introduced.
Kinetics of dissociation of trivalent actinide chelates of trimethylenediamine-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid [TMDTA] (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetics of dissociation of trivalent actinide chelates of trimethylenediamine-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid [TMDTA]Anthony C. Muscatello, Gregory R. Choppin, and Willem D'OlieslagerCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1989, 28, 6, 993–997Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00305a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00305a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views96Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Current perspectives in coronary microvascular dysfunction (2016)

The coronary arterial system consists of large epicardial coronary arteries, pre-arterioles, and arterioles, which together closely regulate CBF. Structural, functional, and extravascular abnormalities of the microcirculation lead to CMD. CMD can present with symptoms suggestive of CAD, often in the absence of significant obstructive epicardial CAD. Conventional invasive angiography does not allow direct visualization of the microcirculation. Invasive indices, such as CBF and CFR, and non-invasive imaging modalities, such as CMR and PET, can be used to quantify absolute MBF and enable a direct and accurate assessment of coronary microvascular function. CMD appears to be more prevalent in women, typically presenting with symptoms of ischemia with unobstructed coronary arteries, and has a relatively unfavorable prognosis. CMD is classified clinically depending on the presence or absence of epicardial CAD, myocardial disease, or iatrogenic causes. Although invasive intracoronary techniques can be used to detect CMD, these cannot provide insight into the mechanisms involved in its pathogenesis. Imaging modalities such as CMR and cardiac PET are becoming indispensable tools in the evaluation of suspected CMD.
Pairing-Based Cryptographic Protocols : A Survey. (2004)

The bilinear pairing such as Weil pairing or Tate pairing on elliptic and hyperelliptic curves have recently been found applications in design of cryptographic protocols. In this survey, we have tried to cover dierent cryptographic protocols based on bilinear pairings which possess, to the best of our knowledge, proper security proofs in the existing security models.
Design of a Multi-Modal End-Effector and Grasping System: How Integrated Design helped win the Amazon Robotics Challenge (2017)

We present the grasping system and design approach behind Cartman, the winning entrant in the 2017 Amazon Robotics Challenge. We investigate the design processes leading up to the final iteration of the system and describe the emergent solution by comparing it with key robotics design aspects. Following our experience, we propose a new design aspect, precision vs. redundancy, that should be considered alongside the previously proposed design aspects of modularity vs. integration, generality vs. assumptions, computation vs. embodiment and planning vs. feedback. We present the grasping system behind Cartman, the winning robot in the 2017 Amazon Robotics Challenge. The system makes strong use of redundancy in design by implementing complimentary tools, a suction gripper and a parallel gripper. This multi-modal end-effector is combined with three grasp synthesis algorithms to accommodate the range of objects provided by Amazon during the challenge. We provide a detailed system description and an evaluation of its performance before discussing the broader nature of the system with respect to the key aspects of robotic design as initially proposed by the winners of the first Amazon Picking Challenge. To address the principal nature of our grasping system and the reason for its success, we propose an additional robotic design aspect `precision vs. redundancy'. The full design of our robotic system, including the end-effector, is open sourced and available at http://juxi.net/projects/AmazonRoboticsChallenge/
The Carnosine Content of V Lateralis in Vegetarians and Omnivores (2007)

Carnosine (Carn) occurs in high concentrations in muscle where it contributes to H+ buffering. Carn (ß-AlaHis dipeptide) can be increased 60% or more by supplementation with ß-alanine (ß-Ala), which is rate limiting for Carn synthesis in muscle. ß-Ala is obtained from meat ingestion or from synthesis in the liver. PURPOSE To compare the muscle Carn content of V Lateralis in vegetarians and omnivores. METHOD A muscle biopsy of the V Lateralis was obtained from 6 lacto-ovo- or ovo-vegetarians and 2 pescetarians resident in the UK and analysed for Carn. Values were compared with those from 4 groups of students (UK, Australian, Korean and Vietnamese) all of whom ate a mixed diet but with considerable variation in the meat content (Australian > Korean, Vietnamese and UK). RESULTS Carn contents of VL: Lacto-ovo-vegetarian / ovo-vegetarian (n = 6; 28.7 ± 10.0 yrs; F; 5 active / 1 sedentary) 12.9 ± 2.8 mmol.kg-1 dm Pescetarian (n = 2; 19.5 ± 2.1 yrs; 1 F / 1 M; active) 19.5 ± 2.1 mmol.kg-1 dm Australian students (n = 5; 19.4 ± 2.6 yrs; F; active) 33.6 ± 13.2 mmol.kg-1 dm Korean cyclists (n = 12; 19.9 ± 1.2 yrs; M; endurance trained) 22.3 ± 4.6 mmol.kg-1 dm Vietnamese PE students (n = 12; 22.0 ± 2.4 yrs; M; active) 26.5 ± 4.1 mmol.kg-1 dm UK sports science students (n = 39; 26.5 ± 5.4 yrs; M; active) 23.3 ± 5.4 mmol.kg-1 dm CONCLUSION Muscle Carn content is reduced in vegetarians. Highest Carn contents are observed in those eating a high meat diet.
In Vitro Characteristics and in Vivo Plasma Disposition of Cisplatin Conjugated with Oxidized and Dicarboxymethylated Dextrans. (1999)

In vitro release behavior and cytotoxic activity, and in vivo plasma disposition of newly synthesized macromolecular derivatives of cisplatin (CDDP) were investigated and compared with CDDP. The derivatives included oxidized dextran conjugate of CDDP (OX-Dex/CDDP) and dicarboxymethylated dextran conjugate of CDDP (DCM-Dex/CDDP). In vitro release of platinum complex from dextran conjugated CDDP was determined by an equilibrium dialysis method. These dextran conjugates showed sustained release of the platinum complex. In vitro release half-life for DCM-Dex/CDDP was significantly longer (4.5 times) than that for OX-Dex/CDDP. In vitro cytotoxic activity of CDDP and dextran conjugated CDDP against colon 26, mouse colon cancer cell line, was measured using the MTT assay method. OX-Dex/CDDP showed a similar cytotoxic activity to CDDP. However, both cytotoxic activities were markedly decreased when preincubated with the medium containing serum. On the other hand, DCM-Dex/CDDP retained residual cytotoxic activity at a significantly higher level than OX-Dex/CDDP after preincubation with the medium containing serum, although it showed the lowest cytotoxic activity. This indicated longer maintenance of the in vitro antitumor activity of DCM-Dex/CDDP in serum compared with OX-Dex/CDDP. Plasma disposition of CDDP and dextran conjugated CDDP was determined by intravenous administration to rats. Although the total platinum plasma concentration-time profile for OX-Dex/CDDP was similar to that for CDDP, its markedly higher profile was achieved when DCM-Dex/CDDP was administered. The values of the total platinum AUC and MRT, where AUC is the area under the platinum concentration-time curve and MRT is the mean residence time, for DCM-Dex/CDDP were 11.2 times and 4.8 times significantly higher than with OX-Dex/CDDP in plasma, respectively. DCM-Dex/CDDP also showed a significantly lower total clearance compared with OX-Dex/CDDP. These results from the in vivo experiments revealed that retention of DCM-Dex/CDDP in blood circulation was much greater than that for OX-Dex/CDDP. DCM-Dex/CDDP thus has potential as a macromolecular derivative of CDDP for passive tumor targeting.
Digital LMS adaptation of analog filters without gradient information (2003)

The least mean square (LMS) algorithm has practical problems in the analog domain mainly due to DC offset effects. If digital LMS adaptation is used, a digitizer (analog-to-digital converter or comparator) is required for each gradient signal as well as the filter output. Furthermore, in some cases the state signals are not available anywhere in the analog signal path necessitating additional analog filters. Here, techniques for digitally estimating the gradient signals required for the LMS adaptation of analog filters are described. The techniques are free from DC offset effects and do not require access to the filter's internal state signals. Digitizers are required only on the input and error signal. The convergence rate and misadjustment are identical to traditional LMS adaptation, but an additional matrix multiplication is required for each iteration. Hence, analog circuit complexity is reduced but digital circuit complexity is increased with no change in overall performance making it an attractive option for mixed-signal integrated systems in digital CMOS. Signed and subsampled variations of the adaptive algorithm can provide a further reduction in analog and digital circuit complexity, but with a slower convergence rate. Theoretical analyses, behavioral simulations, and experimental results from an integrated filter are all presented.
Applying Deep Reinforcement Learning to the HP Model for Protein Structure Prediction (2022)

A central problem in computational biophysics is protein structure prediction, i.e., finding the optimal folding of a given amino acid sequence. This problem has been studied in a classical abstract model, the HP model, where the protein is modeled as a sequence of H (hydrophobic) and P (polar) amino acids on a lattice. The objective is to find conformations maximizing H-H contacts. It is known that even in this reduced setting, the problem is intractable (NP-hard). In this work, we apply deep reinforcement learning (DRL) to the two-dimensional HP model. We can obtain the conformations of best known energies for benchmark HP sequences with lengths from 20 to 50. Our DRL is based on a deep Q-network (DQN). We find that a DQN based on long short-term memory (LSTM) architecture greatly enhances the RL learning ability and significantly improves the search process. DRL can sample the state space efficiently, without the need of manual heuristics. Experimentally we show that it can find multiple distinct best-known solutions per trial. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of deep reinforcement learning in the HP model for protein folding.