gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Recombinant Human IGF-I and Oral Contraceptive Administration on Bone Density in Anorexia Nervosa (2002)

Over 90% of women with anorexia nervosa demonstrate osteopenia, and almost 40% demonstrate osteoporosis at one or more skeletal sites. In addition to estrogen deficiency causing an increase in bone resorption, nutritional effects on the GH-IGI-I axis may contribute to the severe bone loss in this population by decreasing bone formation. We tested the hypothesis that recombinant human IGF-I (rhIGF-I) would increase bone density in women with anorexia nervosa and furthermore assessed the effects of combined rhIGF-I and oral contraceptive administration (OCP) in this population. Sixty osteopenic women with Diagnosis and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV Revised confirmed anorexia nervosa [age (25.2 +/- 0.7 yr, range 18-38 yr), body mass index (17.8 +/- 0.3 kg/m(2) ), spinal bone mineral density T score (-2.1 +/- 0.1 SD) were randomized to one of four treatment groups [rhIGF-I (30 microg/kg sc twice daily) and a daily oral contraceptive (Ovcon 35, 35 microg ethinyl estradiol and 0.4 mg norethindrone], rhIGF-I alone (30 microg/kg sc twice daily), oral contraceptive alone, or neither treatment for 9 months. All subjects received calcium 1500 mg/d and a standard multivitamin containing 400 IU of vitamin D. Administration of rhIGF-I was placebo controlled and blinded to subjects. The rhIGF-I was titrated to maintain IGF-I levels within the age-adjusted normal range for each patient and was well tolerated. The effects of rhIGF-I and OCP were analyzed simultaneously among all subjects in a factorial analysis and in an analysis of the four individual treatment groups. Anteroposterior spinal bone density increased significantly in response to rhIGF-I (1.1% +/- 0.5% vs. -0.6% +/- 0.8%, P = 0.05, all rhIGF-I vs. all placebo treated, respectively, by analysis of covariance). In contrast, OCP did not result in increased bone density (0.8% +/- 0.6% vs. -0.4% +/- 0.8%, P = 0.21, all OCP vs. all non-OCP treated, respectively, by analysis of covariance). However, bone density increased to the greatest extent in the combined treatment group (rhIGF-I and OCP), compared with control patients receiving no active therapy (1.8% +/- 0.8% vs. 0.3% +/- 0.6% vs. -0.2% +/- 0.8% vs. -1.0% +/- 1.3%, rhIGF-I and OCP vs. rhIGF-I alone vs. OCP alone vs. no active therapy, P < 0.05 for rhIGF-I and OCP vs. no active therapy). These data demonstrate that osteopenic women with anorexia nervosa treated with rhIGF-I showed more beneficial changes in bone density, compared with patients not treated with rhIGF-I. Antiresorptive therapy with OCP is not sufficient to improve bone density in undernourished patients, but such therapy may augment the effects of rhIGF-I in a combined treatment strategy. Further long-term studies are needed to investigate the effects of rhIGF-I and combined anabolic/antiresorptive strategies on bone in women with anorexia nervosa.
COARCTATION OF THE AORTA WITH PATENT DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS (1941)

While serving in the R.A.M.C. at a military hospital, it has been our good fortune to see a considerable number of patients with congenital heart disease. One of these with coarctation of the aorta presented certain unusual features, notably patency of the ductus arteriosus. In themselves these two defects are not amongst the rarer developmental abnormalities of the cardiovascular system, but their combination in a diagnosis made during life appears to be rare enough to justify detailed consideration. Evans (1933) stated that coarctation of the aorta was found in approximately one in every 1000 necropsies, while Blackford (1928) estimated the incidence as one in every 1550 necropsies.
Effect of heptakis (2,6-0-dimethyl)beta-cyclodextrin on cell growth and the production of pertussis toxin and filamentous hemagglutinin in Bordetella pertussis. (1985)

Heptakis (2,6-0 dimethyl)beta-cyclodextrin (MeCD) which permits the growth of single colonies of Bordetella pertussis Tohama phase I on Stainer-Scholte medium solidified with agar also enhanced the production of pertussis toxin (PT). More than one hundred times the amount of PT was produced in Stainer-Scholte medium with MeCD in shake culture than was produced in MeCD-free medium. A maximum of 50 mg PT protein was produced per liter of culture broth as estimated by in vitro and in vivo assays. The production of filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) was several hundred times greater when B. pertussis was grown in shake cultures with MeCD than when growth was in MeCD-free shake cultures. The FHA content of the production medium was confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and electron microscopy. Evaluation of an acellular vaccine containing PT and FHA detoxified with formaldehyde showed that it was protective in the intracerebral challenge mouse potency assay.
The timing of the formation and usage of replicase clusters in s-phase nuclei of human diploid fibroblasts (1991)

The sites of nascent DNA synthesis were compared with the distribution of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in S-phase nuclei of human diploid fibroblasts (HDF) by two in vitro techniques. Firstly, proliferating fibroblasts growing in culture that had been synchronised at S-phase were microinjected with the thymidine analogue biotin-11-dUTP. The sites of incorporation of biotin into injected cells were compared with the distribution of PCNA by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy and laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM). In common with other studies, a progression of patterns for both biotin incorporation and PCNA localisation was observed. However, we did not always observe coincidence in these patterns, the pattern of biotin incorporation often resembling the expected, preceding distribution of PCNA. In nuclei in which the pattern of biotin incorporation appeared to be identical to the distribution of PCNA, LSCM revealed that not all of the sites of PCNA immunofluorescence were incorporating biotin at the same time. Secondly, nuclei which had been isolated from quiescent cultures of HDF were innoculated into cell-free extracts of Xenopus eggs which support DNA replication in vitro. Following innoculation into these extracts DNA replication was initiated in each nucleus. The sites of DNA synthesis were detected by biotin-11-dUTP incorporation and compared with the distribution of PCNA by indirect immunofluorescence. Only a single pattern of biotin incorporation and PCNA distribution was observed. PCNA accumulated at multiple discrete spots some 15 min before any biotin incorporation was observed. When biotin incorporation did occur, LSCM revealed almost complete coincidence between the sites of DNA synthesis and the sites at which PCNA was localised.
Improved Fracture Productivity Prediction Using Enhanced Seismic Attributes (2017)

Abstract Production from unconventional reservoirs is influenced by well spacing and induced fracture placement as well as the interaction between hydraulic fractures and in-place natural fracture systems. The purpose of modeling of these complex systems is to evaluate how production can be maximized while maintaining operational efficiencies, which promote reduced well pad footprints and effective fracture stage placement. Comingled flow conduits in unconventional reservoirs exist as amalgamated fracture systems, and multidisciplinary characterization with analysis from geologists, geophysicists, and engineers is necessary to maintain a consistent subsurface representation. To extend model fidelity in the description of complex fracture systems, a workflow was developed to evaluate the spatial constraint of natural fractures based on use of a fault indicator in cases where correlation exists between faults and fractures as a result of exerted structural controls. Use of the fault likelihood attribute in the development of an unconventional reservoir confirms that some of the better producing wells have been completed near heavily faulted zones; however, such increased productivity can also be hindered when pressure communication is established between wells associated with the same fault block. An examination of an Eagle Ford formation was conducted, highlighting how a consistent subsurface description not only enabled increased efficiency in future wells and hydraulic fracture placement but also promoted reduced drilling and completion costs as well as increased field productivity. This was achieved by combining fault likelihood constrained natural fracture network (NFN) as well as dynamic simulation of the stimulated and external reservoir volume, incorporating a petro-elastic model (PEM) to preserve geologic continuity between seismic attributes and the simulation.
Towards a communication-theoretic understanding of system-level power\n consumption (2010)

Traditional communication theory focuses on minimizing transmit power.\nHowever, communication links are increasingly operating at shorter ranges where\ntransmit power can be significantly smaller than the power consumed in\ndecoding. This paper models the required decoding power and investigates the\nminimization of total system power from two complementary perspectives.\n First, an isolated point-to-point link is considered. Using new lower bounds\non the complexity of message-passing decoding, lower bounds are derived on\ndecoding power. These bounds show that 1) there is a fundamental tradeoff\nbetween transmit and decoding power; 2) unlike the implications of the\ntraditional "waterfall" curve which focuses on transmit power, the total power\nmust diverge to infinity as error probability goes to zero; 3) Regular LDPCs,\nand not their known capacity-achieving irregular counterparts, can be shown to\nbe power order optimal in some cases; and 4) the optimizing transmit power is\nbounded away from the Shannon limit.\n Second, we consider a collection of links. When systems both generate and\nface interference, coding allows a system to support a higher density of\ntransmitter-receiver pairs (assuming interference is treated as noise).\nHowever, at low densities, uncoded transmission may be more power-efficient in\nsome cases.\n
Optimisation of neural models for speaker identification (2002)

An approach to speaker recognition based on feedforward neural models is investigated. Each person known to the system has a personalized neural net that is trained to be active for only that person's speech. By including speech from many people in the training data of each net this approach can directly model differences in people's speech. The chosen architecture and amount of training performed is shown to strongly affect the recognition performance. Large models with two hidden layers are shown to be inferior to models with only a single hidden layer and fewer weights. Recognition performance is shown to be comparable to that of a vector quantization approach based on personalized codebooks. The neural approach outperforms the codebook system for small model sizes but does slightly less well for larger models. A multitransputer implementation used in the training phase is described. Near linear speedup is obtained by splitting the training data to given independent subtasks, and a dynamic allocation scheme is used to assign these tasks to processors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Chloro(η6-p-cymene)[(1R)-(+)-3-(4-methoxybenzoyl)camphor(1–)-κ2O,O′]ruthenium(II) (2006)

In the title compound, [Ru(C18H21O3)Cl(C10H14)], the RuII atom displays tetra­hedral coordination, being linked to the two O atoms of the camphor-derived ligand and the p-cymene and Cl ligands.
Vertical wind velocity measurements using a five-hole probe with remotely piloted aircraft to study aerosol–cloud interactions (2018)

Abstract. The importance of vertical wind velocities (in particular positive vertical wind velocities or updrafts) in atmospheric science has motivated the need to deploy multi-hole probes developed for manned aircraft in small remotely piloted aircraft (RPA). In atmospheric research, lightweight RPAs (&lt; 2.5 kg) are now able to accurately measure atmospheric wind vectors, even in a cloud, which provides essential observing tools for understanding aerosol–cloud interactions. The European project BACCHUS (impact of Biogenic versus Anthropogenic emissions on Clouds and Climate: towards a Holistic UnderStanding) focuses on these specific interactions. In particular, vertical wind velocity at cloud base is a key parameter for studying aerosol–cloud interactions. To measure the three components of wind, a RPA is equipped with a five-hole probe, pressure sensors, and an inertial navigation system (INS). The five-hole probe is calibrated on a multi-axis platform, and the probe–INS system is validated in a wind tunnel. Once mounted on a RPA, power spectral density (PSD) functions and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) derived from the five-hole probe are compared with sonic anemometers on a meteorological mast. During a BACCHUS field campaign at Mace Head Atmospheric Research Station (Ireland), a fleet of RPAs was deployed to profile the atmosphere and complement ground-based and satellite observations of physical and chemical properties of aerosols, clouds, and meteorological state parameters. The five-hole probe was flown on straight-and-level legs to measure vertical wind velocities within clouds. The vertical velocity measurements from the RPA are validated with vertical velocities derived from a ground-based cloud radar by showing that both measurements yield model-simulated cloud droplet number concentrations within 10 %. The updraft velocity distributions illustrate distinct relationships between vertical cloud fields in different meteorological conditions.
Depressive symptoms and insecure attachment predict disability and quality of life in psoriasis independently from disease severity (2020)

Psoriasis is a multisystemic inflammatory disease with a significant burden in terms of disability and reduced quality of life. The interrelations between disease severity, psychological well-being, and disability and/or health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of psoriatic patients are not fully understood. The aim of the study was to assess the relative role of disease severity, depressive symptoms, and insecure attachment in predicting disability and HRQOL in 105 patients with psoriasis. Objective measures of disease severity included the Body Surface Area (BSA), the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), and the Pain Visual Analog Scale (pain-VAS). The Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS). The Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). Multivariate hierarchical regression analysis showed that a preoccupied style of attachment and the presence of depressive symptoms were predictors of disability and HRQOL over and above the contribution of demographic and clinical variables. The inclusion of attachment and depression into multivariate regression models improved substantially the prediction of disability and HRQOL. Conversely, the predictive utility of objective indicators of disease severity was scarce and only the pain-VAS emerged as a significant predictor of disability whereas there were no significant correlations between HRQOL and any of the objective indicators of disease severity. Measures capturing patients' perspectives of the functional impact of disease should be routinely included in the clinical assessment of psoriasis.
Synthesis of Pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridin‐6‐ones (2012)

The procedures for the synthesis of substituted pyrazolo[3,4‐ b ]pyridine‐6‐ones and some of their properties are reviewed.
Upgrading a Z-Pinch Radiation Source on Ambiorix, a 2-MA Pulsed Power Generator (2005)

Summary form only given. Ambiorix is a 0.5Omega generator which can deliver a 2 MA, 50 ns pulse current. It was built in 1985 with a bremsstrahlung diode. During the 1990's, a gas puff Z-pinch configuration was adapted with neon and argon gases commonly used. In 2003, we improved the coupling between the generator and the load by changing the pulse forming line (Beams 2004). In this paper, we present all the modifications performed in order to upgrade the working of Ambiorix as well as its performance: (1) a new geometry for the main switch in order to be more repetitive, (2) a different system of synchronization between gas and generator, (3) a novel position for the valve (on the anode) to limit current losses. Between 2.3 and 2.5 kJ in K-shell radiation can now be obtained with argon, compared to 0.5 and 1.5 before
Highly efficient single-stack hybrid cool white OLED utilizing blue thermally activated delayed fluorescent and yellow phosphorescent emitters (2018)

Highly efficient single-stack hybrid cool white organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) having blue-yellow-blue multiple emitting layers (EMLs) are designed and constructed by utilizing blue thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) and yellow phosphorescent emitters. The out-coupling efficiencies of yellow and blue emissions are maximized by tuning the ITO and total device thickness that satisfies both of antinode positions for yellow and blue emissions in a limited multiple EML thickness. To obtain a cool white emission, the exciton formation ratio in the blue-yellow-blue multiple EML system is controlled by manipulating the recombination zone through charge conductivity variation of host medium in the blue TADF EML. The resulting device exhibits cool white emission with very high maximum external quantum efficiency of 23.1% and CIE color coordinates of (0.324, 0.337). We anticipate that the studied approach will raise the viability of single-stack hybrid cool white OLEDs for high performance display applications.
Extracting minerals from geothermal brines: a literature study. [USA, western region] (1974)

The U.S. Bureau of Mines is concerned with extracting minerals from residual geothermal brines after their heat content and some demineralized water have been recovered. This literature study is based on a survey of the literature and discussions with individuals knowledgeable on various aspects of the subject. This report examines the potential of the domestic geothermal mineral resources, considers the technical problems involved, and outlines possible effects on the environment from reservoir fluid withdrawal and reinjection. Geothermal resources in the western U.S. were extensively explored during the 1960s. Limited development operations included exploratory drilling and operating wells producing hot brine, separating steam for experimental electric power generation, and recovering minerals in solar evaporation ponds or in extraction plants. Interest in the recovery of minerals and salts from geothermal fluids waned because of corrosion and scaling problems and low or no market value of the mineral products. Most of these problems can be controlled with existing technology and careful planning of processes and equipment. (67 refs.)
Über die Reaktion 1,3‐disubstituierter 2,2‐Dichlor‐4,5‐imidazolidindione mit sek. Aminen (1973)

Abstract Nach der Umsetzung 1,3‐disubstituierter 2,2‐Dichlor‐4,5‐imidazolidindione ( 2 ) mit sek. Aminen lassen sich die Orthokohlensäurederivate 4 , die unsymmetrischen Harnstoffe 5 und Oxamide 6 oder alle drei Verbindungen nebeneinander nachweisen. Das ausschließliche Auftreten dieser Produkte bzw. ihr Mengenverhältins zueinander hängt von der Art der Substituenten an den Stickstoffatomen des Imidazolidins und der Basizität der eingesetzten Amine ab.
Knowledge-based wireless fair queuing using a traffic-profile compensation technique for Broadband Fixed Wireless Applications (2005)

Despite the many wireless scheduling algorithms that have been proposed to date, there are a number of practical wireless scheduling issues which have yet to be provided for. This paper asserts that an intelligent wireless scheduler must be knowledge-based. To make practical decisions on which flows should receive what degree of compensation when links experience channel errors, it is essential to have knowledge of two individual metrics; a bandwidth metric and traffic metric. The current aggregate system bandwidth changes continuously according to the 'atmospheric conditions experienced and adaptive methods employed on a per channel basis. The traffic profile of each flow also changes depending on the burstiness of individual channels. These two parameters have a significant impact on how compensation should be issued. Also, a wireless scheduling algorithm should be realizable on existing hardware technology. It is the aim of this research to present an algorithm which schedules IP packets at the network layer using current state-of-the-art fair queuing techniques and a weight based method of compensation for lagging flows. The proposed algorithm is highly adaptable taking into account the current traffic profile as well as the constantly varying channel conditions and system bandwidth capacity in order to compensate lagging flow's. Results presented in this paper show how compensation is provided to error channels on a knowledge-based principle.
Inhibition of lymphocyte activation by catecholamines: evidence for a non-classical mechanism of catecholamine action. (1995)

The effects of noradrenaline and other adrenergic agonists on lymphocyte activation were studied. Spleen and thymus cells from BALB/c mice were stimulated by mitogens and lymphocyte activation was monitored by measuring the incorporation of [methyl-3H]thymidine into DNA. Noradrenaline, adrenaline, isoproterenol and dopamine all inhibited the activation of spleen and thymus cells by concanavalin A, a T-cell specific mitogen, and the activation of spleen cells by lipopolysaccharide, a T-independent B-cell mitogen. The various catecholamines were approximately equipotent, having IC50 of approximately 10 microM. alpha-adrenergic agonists (phenylephrine, clonidine) did not inhibit lymphocyte activation. Noradrenaline, adrenaline and isoproterenol also inhibited DNA synthesis in S49 T lymphoma cells. The effects of adrenergic receptor antagonists on lymphocyte function were also studied. The inhibition of lymphocyte activation by catecholamines could not be reversed by antagonists to beta-adrenergic receptors (propranolol), alpha-adrenergic receptors (phentolamine), or dopaminergic receptors (haloperidol). Experiments with human peripheral blood leucocytes revealed that, as with murine cells, the beta-adrenergic antagonists propranolol and nadalol did not affect the catecholamine-mediated inhibition of lymphocyte activation. Although lymphocytes contain beta-adrenergic receptors that are coupled to adenylyl cyclase activity, catecholamines appear to inhibit murine lymphocyte activation by a mechanism that is independent of these or other classical adrenergic receptors.
Identification of hepatocytic and bile ductular cell lineages and candidate stem cells in bipolar ductular reactions in cirrhotic human liver (2007)

Hepatocyte function and regeneration are severely compromised in severe liver disease, and a common sequela is cirrhosis. Structural changes caused by cirrhosis create a cellular environment conducive to the formation of ductular reactions (DRs). Ductular reactions are primarily composed of oval cells also known as "intermediate hepatobiliary cells". We have conducted single, double, and triple staining to study lineages of oval cells present in DRs. Staining with NCAM, CK19, and HepPar1 has revealed a distinctly bipolar structure to DRs that are embedded in cirrhotic tissue. Spatial analysis of cells that are singly HepPar1-positive, or CK19-positive, has revealed hepatocytic and biliary poles, respectively, in the DRs. Also, the location of singly NCAM-positive cells in DRs suggests that they may be bipotent liver stem/progenitor cells. The locations of other intermediate hepatobiliary cells, which have combinations of markers, suggest that CK19+/NCAM+ cells are transitional cells in the biliary lineage and that rare cells that are negative for all three markers are transitional cells in the hepatocytic lineage. A working cell lineage model for DRs is presented.