gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Willi Hennig’s Part in the History of Systematics (2013)

Abstract Willi Hennig, a shy and modest entomologist, is regarded to have caused a “revolution” in systematics. A condensed description of his life and career provide the background of an evaluation of his contribution to the development of biological systematics. His main emphasis lay on a strict concept of “relationship,” as founded on genealogy, in contrast to similarity, and on a clear terminology and an explicit substantiation of hypotheses on phylogenetic relationships. He was not a revolutionary person but provided the foundation of modern cladistics, which fundamentally changed the methodology of systematics.
Automated Road Traffic Congestion Detection and Alarm Systems: Incorporating V2I communications into ATCSs (2016)

In this position paper, we address the problems of automated road congestion detection and alerting systems and their security properties. We review different theoretical adaptive road traffic control approaches, and three widely deployed adaptive traffic control systems (ATCSs), namely, SCATS, SCOOT and InSync. We then discuss some related research questions, and the corresponding possible approaches, as well as the adversary model and potential attack scenarios. Two theoretical concepts of automated road congestion alarm systems (including system architecture, communication protocol, and algorithms) are proposed on top of ATCSs, such as SCATS, SCOOT and InSync, by incorporating secure wireless vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications. Finally, the security properties of the proposed system have been discussed and analysed using the ProVerif protocol verification tool.
Flexible Cu(In,Ga)Se2solar cells fabricated using a polyimide-coated soda-lime glass substrate (2015)

Flexible solar cells with a Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) absorber layer were fabricated on a polyimide thin film using a lift-off process. Polyimide-coated soda-lime glass (SLG) was used as a substrate for fabricating CIGS solar cells before the lift-off process conducted to make the cells flexible. A conversion efficiency of 13.4% was achieved by low temperature deposition; this value is comparable to that obtained by direct deposition on a rigid glass substrate even without an external Na source. The final conversion efficiency after the lift-off process was 12.7% with some area correction due to the partial peeling-off between CIGS and Mo. Open-circuit voltage and fill factor did not change before and after the lift-off process, suggesting that the lift-off process did not give any physical damage.
A novel high-voltage sustaining structure with buried oppositely doped regions (2000)

A novel high-voltage sustaining structure with buried oppositely doped regions is demonstrated. Due to the compensation of the electric field provided by these regions, the resistivity and/or the thickness of the voltage-sustaining layer can be made smaller than that of a conventional one with the same breakdown voltage, and therefore the on-resistance (of unipolar conduction) can be reduced. The theory developed for designing such structures is found to be in good agreement with the results obtained from two-dimensional (2-D) simulation as well as from experiment. A 500 V VD-MOST using such a structure as the drift region and with proper edge termination is fabricated. Results show that its on-resistance is lower than the value given by the conventional "silicon limit".
Gender‐based differential infiltration of CRP from the blood into skeletal muscle (2007)

We conducted 3 studies to profile C‐reactive protein (CRP), a marker of systemic inflammation, in serum and muscle (vastus lateralis) and its response to endurance exercise in men and women. In study 1, we found serum CRP to be 2.9 fold higher in sedentary lean women (mean ± SD; 1096 ± 1241 ng/mL) vs. men (382 ± 366 ng/mL) (P = 0.006), in contrast to muscle CRP which was 40% higher in men (0.83 ± 0.21 ng/mg protein) vs. women (0.61 ± 0.13 ng/mg protein) (P &lt; 0.001). Sedentary obese women had 3.8 fold higher serum CRP (4147 ± 3452 ng/mL; P = 0.022) and 50% higher muscle CRP (0.88 ± 0.49 ng/mg protein; P = 0.031) vs. sedentary lean women (serum, 1096 ± 1241 mg/mL; muscle, 0.58 ± 0.14 ng/mg protein) in the follicular phase. Serum CRP corrected for protein concentration (6.9 ± 6.2 ng/mg protein) was 9.8 fold higher than muscle CRP (0.7 ± 0.2 ng/mg protein; P &lt; 0.001): men had 7 fold higher (P &lt; 0.001), whereas women had 26 fold higher (P = 0.002), CRP in serum vs muscle. However, serum and muscle CRP values did not correlate. In study 2, plasma CRP decreased by 53% in 8 men eight days following one bout of cycling for 90 min at 65% VO 2 max (344 ± 208ng/mL vs. 164 ± 50 ng/mL, P = 0.07). In study 3, plasma and muscle CRP concentrations were measured prior to and following 12 weeks of progressive endurance exercise training in lean and obese women. There were not significant differences in CRP. We conclude that ‐1‐ lean sedentary men have lower serum, but higher muscle, CRP vs. lean women and ‐2‐ obese women have higher serum and muscle CRP vs. lean women. The discrepancy in fold difference between serum and muscle CRP in men vs. women suggests gender‐based differential infiltration of CRP from the blood into the skeletal muscle. (Supported by CIHR and NSERC Canada)
Detection of Relevant Amounts of Cow’s Milk Protein in Non-Pre-Packed Bakery Products Sold as Cow’s Milk–Free (2015)

V Trendelenburg, N Enzian, J Bellach, S Schnadt, B Niggemann, K Beyer. Allergy. 2015;70(5):591–597

Baked goods are a frequent cause of allergic reactions in food-allergic children. The goal of this study was to describe the frequency of allergic reactions to such foods among food-allergic children, characterize the ability of employees of bakery shops to give advice about safe food choices, and to determine the rate of detectable cow’s milk protein in bakery products recommended as “cow’s milk–free.”

Parents of children with food allergy and staff of 50 bakery shops in Berlin, Germany. …
Structure, tensile properties and cytotoxicity assessment of sebacic acid based biodegradable polyesters with ricinoleic acid (2012)

A new family of ricinoleic acid based polyesters was synthesized using catalyst free melt-condensation polymerization with sebacic acid, citric acid, mannitol and ricinoleic acid as precursors. The use of FT-IR and NMR characterisation techniques confirms the presence of ester linkages in the as-synthesized polymers. Depending on the precursor combination, their relative amount and the degree of curing, a broad range of elastic modulus (22-327 MPa) and tensile strength (0.7-12.7 MPa) can be obtained in the newly synthesized biopolymers. The polymers show rubbery behaviour at a physiological temperature (37 °C) and the contact angles of the synthesized polymers fall in the range of 42° to 71°, making them ideal substrates to study delivery of drugs through polymer scaffolds. The cytocompatibility assessment of the cured polymers confirmed good cell attachment and growth of smooth muscle cells (C2C12 myoblast cells). Importantly, oriented cell growth was observed after culturing myoblast cells for 3 days. The in vitro degradation in PBS indicates that the mild cured polymers follow a first order reaction kinetics and have degradation rate constants in the range of 0.009-0.038 h<sup>-1</sup>, depending on the relative proportions of monomers. Overall, the results of our study indicate that the physical properties can be tailored by varying the composition of the monomers and curing conditions in the newly developed polyesters. Hence, they may be used as potential substrates for tissue engineering scaffolds and for localized drug delivery.
Identification of potent inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 infection by combined pharmacological evaluation and cellular network prioritization (2022)

Pharmacologically active compounds with known biological targets were evaluated for inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 infection in cell and tissue models to help identify potent classes of active small molecules and to better understand host-virus interactions. We evaluated 6,710 clinical and preclinical compounds targeting 2,183 host proteins by immunocytofluorescence-based screening to identify SARS-CoV-2 infection inhibitors. Computationally integrating relationships between small molecule structure, dose-response antiviral activity, host target, and cell interactome produced cellular networks important for infection. This analysis revealed 389 small molecules with micromolar to low nanomolar activities, representing >12 scaffold classes and 813 host targets. Representatives were evaluated for mechanism of action in stable and primary human cell models with SARS-CoV-2 variants and MERS-CoV. One promising candidate, obatoclax, significantly reduced SARS-CoV-2 viral lung load in mice. Ultimately, this work establishes a rigorous approach for future pharmacological and computational identification of host factor dependencies and treatments for viral diseases.
Solubilization and stabilization of bacteriophage MS2 in organic solvents (2006)

Several techniques were examined for the solubilization of bacteriophage MS2 in organic solvents. Direct extraction of the MS2 from an aqueous phase into isooctane containing 2 mM AOT, a proven approach for the organic solubilization of many proteins, was not successful. However, predried samples of MS2 were solubilized through the direct addition of organic solvents containing 500 mM AOT. As an alternative procedure, reverse micelles containing aqueous solutions of MS2 were prepared in isooctane using AOT, dehydrated through solvent evaporation and azeotropic drying, and resolubilized in a solvent of choice. The structure and microenvironment of organic-solubilized MS2 were investigated by UV absorbance, the fluorescence emission of an attached solvatochromatic dye, tryptophan fluorescence, and atomic force microscopy, all of which contributed evidence for a fully assembled capsid in the organic solvent. The solubilized MS2 was derivatized with stearic acid in chloroform, illustrating that bioconjugation reactions can be performed on organic-solubilized capsids using reagents that are completely insoluble in water. Furthermore, the organic-solubilized phage remained infectious after heating at 90 degrees C for 20 min, whereas phage in aqueous buffer or dried with nitrogen were nonviable following the heat treatment protocol. The extended range of available chemical modifications and the enhanced thermal stability of the organic-solubilized capsids bodes well for the formulation of storage-stable vaccines predicated on reactions in or exposure to organic media.
Evaluation of a Novel Cold Storage Solution (HBS) in a Rat Kidney Transplant Model (2007)

We developed an improved solution for hypothermic storage (0-4 degrees C) of kidneys. The cold storage solution (HBS) was composed of macromolecules, high-energy cellular substrates, and a mixture of antiproteolytic amino acids, antioxidants, and anti-inflammatory compounds. The objectives in developing this solution were to achieve superior metabolic support of the kidney during cold storage and to protect against ischemic injury. Inbred Brown Norway rats, weighing 225-250 g, were subjected to orthotopic ultrarapid technique for kidney isotransplantation to minimize warm ischemia and to test the preservation process. The kidney was transplanted after 12 h of preservation. The animals were divided into three groups based upon the preservation solution utilized: HBS solution, HTK solution (Custodiol), and UW solution (UWS)(ViaSpan). Among the recipients, each group had two subsets. The first subset of animals was used to assess survival at 7 days as well as the reperfusion damage index (RDI) based on the macroscopic physical characteristics of the kidney at the time of transplantation. The second subset in each group was utilized to measure serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen at 4 and 7 days, and histology at death or sacrifice. Mean +/- standard deviation (M +/- SD) was used for all parameters studied. The HBS solution showed significantly better protection at 12 h when compared to HTK and UW solutions. The reperfusion damage index (RDI) showed excellent preservation in the HBS (14 +/- 1), good preservation in UWS (13 +/- 1.5), and moderate preservation in the HTK (11 +/- 2) group. Histology was in concordance with the RDI, showing better histological findings with HBS and UW solutions than with the HTK group. Serum creatinine was significantly better in the HBS group when compared to HTK and UWS. Survival was statistically different, with 80% survival at 7 days in the HBS group, 20% survival in the HTK group, and 50% survival in the UWS group (p < .05). The HBS solution offered a new alternative for kidney cold storage with significantly better results when compared to the current gold standards of HTK and UW solutions in Brown Norway rats. This solution warrants further testing in other mammals.
Quantum mechanics. Volume 2. Mecanique quantique (1977)

After an introduction to the elementary notions on potential scattering in quantum theory, the spin of electron, the composition of kinetic momenta, the theory of the stationnary perturbations, the approximation methods in time-dependent problems and the systems of identical particles are presented.
Synthesis of 4-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of 4-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrenePeter P. Fu and Ronald G. HarveyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 9, 1534–1536Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00157a032https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00157a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views216Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Corrosion and Hydrogen Permeation in H2S Environments with O2 Contamination, Part 3: The Impact of Acetate-Buffered Test Solution Chemistry (2021)

This paper highlights the importance of considering the magnitude of acetate (ethanoate) species concentration on corrosion and hydrogen permeation rates, important factors associated with cracking initiation in steels for sour service qualification. Materials selection relies on standards, such as NACE TM0177 and NACE TM0284, which stipulate that oxygen pollution should be avoided during testing in H2S-containing media. The 5% NaCl test solutions in current standards are buffered using acetic acid (CH3COOH)/sodium acetate (CH3COONa) to fix the solution pH over long periods. In this third paper, as part of a series of articles that evaluate how oxygen entry modifies the corrosion of (and hydrogen permeation across) low alloy steel membranes in H2S-containing solutions, the effect that changing the solution chemistry has through testing X65 steel in different concentrations of acetic acid and sodium acetate in H2S-saturated 5% NaCl solutions, i.e., Solutions A and B (NACE TM0177-2016) and the high-strength line pipe (HLP) solution of NACE TM 0284-2016, is investigated. Increasing the total acetic acid + acetate concentration encourages a higher average X65 corrosion rate and longer-sustained hydrogen charging flux, assigned to the cathodic reaction rate enhancement by acetic acid and the iron solubilizing effects of acetates. Introducing 300 ppb of dissolved oxygen does not push the solution pH outside of the permitted error range but increases average X65 corrosion rates and, again, helps sustain hydrogen permeation flux for longer. Through an evaluation of the surface structure and electrochemical data, this appears to be due to an increase in the permeability and protectiveness of the troilite FeStroilite dominant scale and a possible acetic acid buffering of local pH increase at surface cathodic sites during corrosion. The HLP solution (at pH 3.5), with the highest acetic acid and acetate concentration, is the most aggressive. In this electrolyte, an iron sulfide overlayer structure is attained with an oxygen-rich inner layer between the metal substrate and a thick iron sulfide film.
Eyepiece designs with radial and spherical polymer gradient-index optical elements (2013)

Radial and spherical polymer gradient-index (GRIN) eyepiece designs are presented. The chromatic behavior of GRIN profiles is constrained to real material properties of a polymethyl methacrylate polystyrene copolymer gradient-index system. Single-element, two-element, and multielement eyepiece design configurations each demonstrate significant spot diameter and modulation transfer function performance improvements with the use of a GRIN element. A high-performance spherical GRIN eyepiece design, with 48-deg full field-of-view and 3% distortion, is compared to a similar homogeneous glass solution.
Ideonella sakaiensis sp. nov., isolated from a microbial consortium that degrades poly(ethylene terephthalate) (2016)

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designed strain 201-F6T, was isolated from a microbial consortium that degrades poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) collected in Sakai city, Japan, and was characterized on the basis of a polyphasic taxonomic study. The cells were motile with a polar flagellum. The strain contained cytochrome oxidase and catalase. It grew within the pH range 5.5-9.0 (optimally at pH 7-7.5) and at 15-42 ºC (optimally at 30-37 ºC). The major isoprenoid quinone was ubiquinone with eight isoprene units (Q-8). C16 : 0, C17 : 0 cyclo, C18 :1ω7c and C12 : 0 2-OH were the predominant cellular fatty acids. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, lyso-phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol. The G+C content of genomic DNA was 70.4 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis using the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain 201-F6T was affiliated to the genus Ideonella, and was closely related to Ideonella dechloratans LMG 28178T (97.7 %) and Ideonella azotifigens JCM 15503T (96.6 %). Strain 201-F6T could be clearly distinguished from the related species of the genus Ideonella by its physiological and biochemical characteristics as well as by its phylogenetic position and DNA-DNA relatedness. Therefore, the strain represents a novel species of the genus Ideonella, for which the name Ideonella sakaiensis sp. nov. (type strain 201-F6T=NBRC 110686T=TISTR 2288T) is proposed.
New Weapons in the Toad Toolkit: A Review of Methods to Control and Mitigate the Biodiversity Impacts of Invasive Cane Toads (Rhinella Marina) (2017)

Our best hope of developing innovative methods to combat invasive species is likely to come from the study of high-profile invaders that have attracted intensive research not only into control, but also basic biology. Here we illustrate that point by reviewing current thinking about novel ways to control one of the world’s most well-studied invasions: that of the cane toad in Australia. Recently developed methods for population suppression include more effective traps based on the toad’s acoustic and pheromonal biology. New tools for containing spread include surveillance technologies (e.g., eDNA sampling and automated call detectors), as well as landscape-level barriers that exploit the toad’s vulnerability to desiccation—a strategy that could be significantly enhanced through the introduction of sedentary, range-core genotypes ahead of the invasion front. New methods to reduce the ecological impacts of toads include conditioned taste aversion in free-ranging predators, gene banking, and targeted gene flow. Lastly, recent advances in gene editing and gene drive technology hold the promise of modifying toad phenotypes in ways that may facilitate control or buffer impact. Synergies between these approaches hold great promise for novel and more effective means to combat the toad invasion and its consequent impacts on biodiversity.
Color Management in Digital Pathology (2014)

In digital microscopes and whole slide imaging systems, images of slides are captured, transmitted, and reproduced on a computer display. In order to allow pathologists to interpret these images accurately and efficiently, it is important that colors from the slides are displayed in a consistent and reliable fashion.

The final color of the image presented to the viewing pathologist depends on several steps through the imaging pathway, including sample illumination, magnification, image capture, compression, storage, and reproduction on the computer display. There are many possible system designs and, within a single system, different setup options which can affect the final image leading to significant variation in image appearances.

This paper summarizes recent work by members of the International Color Consortium Medical Imaging Working Group to develop test materials and methods for the assessment of color calibration of digital microscope systems. This work includes sharing of ideas on device calibration and image processing and display.

The paper further discusses the challenges encountered in the development of a suitable color target that includes a set of patches with spectra similar to those encountered when viewing pathology slides with stained tissue samples.
Environmental Enrichment and Neuronal Plasticity (2018)

Abstract This chapter reviews the literature on environmental enrichment and specifically discusses its influence on the hippocampus of the brain. In animal models, the term “environmental enrichment” is used to describe a well-defined manipulation in which animals are exposed to a larger and more stimulating environment. This experience has been shown to have a powerful and positive impact on hippocampal cognition and neuroplasticity in animals. In humans, however, the translation of environmental enrichment is less clear. Despite the fact that humans live considerably more enriching lives compared to laboratory animals, studies have shown that training and expertise (such as exercise and spatial exploration) can lead to both functional and structural changes in the human brain. This chapter is a comprehensive review of environmental enrichment, drawing parallels between animal models and humans to present a more complete understanding of environmental enrichment.
Low Cost Capacity For Peaking Generation (1968)

A means of obtaining peaking generation from existing generating units is proposed, by installing lower steam temperature boiler capacity in parallel with the existing boiler; the additional steam bypassing the high pressure turbine and the reheater into the intermediate pressure turbine. The economics compare very favorably to the available methods of obtaining peaking generation. Future peaking capability built into baseload units is also considered.