gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surface Defects in Sheet Metal Forming (2011)

Surface defects are small concave imperfections that can develop during forming on outer convex panels of automotive parts like doors. They occur during springback steps, after drawing in the vicinity of bending over a curved line and flanging/hemming in the vicinity of the upper corner of a door. They can alter significantly the final quality of the automobile and it is of primary importance to deal with them as early as possible in the design of the forming tools. The aim of this work is to reproduce at the laboratory scale such a defect, in the case of the flanging along a curved edge, made of two orthogonal straight part of length 50 mm and joint by a curved line. A dedicated device has been designed and steel samples were tested. Each sample was measured initially (after laser cutting) and after flanging, with a 3D measuring machine. 2D profiles were extracted and the curvature was calculated. Surface defects were defined between points where the curvature sign changed. Isovalues of surface defect depth could then be plotted, thus displaying also the spatial geometry on the part surface. An experimental database has been created on the influence of process parameters like the flanging height and the flanging radius. Numerical simulations have been performed with the finite element code Abaqus to predict the occurrence of such surface defects and to analyze stress and strain distribution within the defect area.
PC-based, low cost 3-D medical ultrasonic imaging (2002)

A 3-D medical ultrasonic imaging system which uses a 1-D array is described. The spatial position of the probe is measured by the mean of a one degree of freedom arm, using a pyramidal scanning scheme. A special hardware has been developed in order to transfer the pixel data to the microcomputer memory. The triggering of the image capture is also done by this hardware under control of the microcomputer which then reconstructs the final image in 3-D. Results obtained from a phantom formed of a puppet (as a fetus) in a tissue-mimicking phantom give realistic, very easy to understand and especially low cost 3-D images.
A Strategy for Performance Evaluation and Modeling of Cloud Computing Services (2019)

On-demand services and reduced costs made cloud computing a popular mechanism to provide scalable resources according to the user’s expectations. This paradigm is an important role in business and academic organizations, supporting applications and services deployed based on virtual machines and containers, two different technologies for virtualization. Cloud environments can support workloads generated by several numbers of users, that request the cloud environment to execute transactions and its performance should be evaluated and estimated in order to achieve clients satisfactions when cloud services are offered. This work proposes a performance evaluation strategy composed of a performance model and a methodology for evaluating the performance of services configured in virtual machines and containers in cloud infrastructures. The performance model for the evaluation of virtual machines and containers in cloud infrastructures is based on stochastic Petri nets. A case study in a real public cloud is presented to illustrate the feasibility of the performance evaluation strategy. The case study experiments were performed with virtual machines and containers supporting workloads related to social networks transactions.
An Adaptive Address Power Saving Method Based on the Prediction of Power Consumption in an AC PDP (2009)

Address driver circuits are responsible for a significant portion of power consumption by a plasma display panel television. In the latest effort for the reduction of the power consumption by address driver circuits, the power-efficient operation mode is selected by controlling the voltage of the capacitor that affects the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">LC</i> resonance. This paper presents an analysis of power consumption by the address circuits and observes that the operation mode change in a previous work is too slow to achieve an efficient power reduction when the number of data switchings of each scan line changes abruptly in the input image. This paper proposes a new power reduction method with a fast selection of the operation mode based on the analysis of the power consumption by each address operation mode. The fast mode selection enables rapid change of the address operation mode and consequently leads to a reduction of power consumption by 22.2% when compared with the previous method.
Photonics crystal fiber Raman sensors (2012)

Hollow core photonic crystal fiber (HCPCF) employs a guiding mechanism fundamentally different from that in conventional index guiding fibers. In an HCPCF, periodic air channels in a glass matrix act as reflectors to confine light in an empty core. As a result, the interaction between light and glass can be very small. Therefore, HCPCF has been used in applications that require extremely low non-linearity, high breakdown threshold, and zero dispersion. However, their applications in optical sensing, especially in chemical and biological sensing, have only been extensively explored recently. Besides their well-recognized optical properties the hollow cores of the fibers can be easily filled with liquid or gas, providing an ideal sampling mechanism in sensors. Recently, we have demonstrated that by filling up a HCPCF with gas or liquid samples, it is possible to significantly increase the sensitivity of the sensors in either regular Raman or surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) applications. This is because the confinement of both light and sample inside the hollow core enables direct interaction between the propagating wave and the analyte. In this paper, we report our recent work on using HCPCF as a platform for Raman or SERS in the detection of low concentration greenhouse gas (ambient CO2), biomedically significant molecules (e.g., glucose), and bacteria. We have demonstrated that by filling up a HCPCF with gas or liquid samples, it is possible to significantly increase the sensitivity of the sensors in either regular Raman or SERS applications.
Possible Involvement of Tissue‐Type Plasminogen Activator in Gastric Ulcer Formation —Biochemical Evaluation Using Biopsy Specimens From Gastric Mucosa— (1990)

Abstract: Microvascular endothelial changes are thought to be a crucial step in the development of hemorrhagic changes in various pathological states. Tissue‐type plasminogen activator (t‐PA) is an endothelium‐derived fibrinolytic mediator which regulates microvascular permeability. In this study, we determined the activity and amount of t‐PA in the biopsy specimens taken from gastric mucosa of patients with gastric ulcers to evaluate endothelial alterations and vascular permeable changes in situ. In addition, to elucidate the relationship between local fibrinolytic disturbance and systemic blood coagulation, several factors such as plasminogen activator inhibitor were also assayed. The results of this investigation revealed that the mucosal t‐PA amount in the active ulcer proved to be 2–3 folds higher than that in healthy controls, however, t‐PA levels in plasma samples showed no remarkable differences among the groups. Increased t‐PA activity appeared to well correlate to the degree of inflammation of gastric mucosa in contrast to t‐PA amount which was still increased in healed ulcer lesion. PAI‐1 in plasma samples from gastric ulcer patients showed a significantly high level as compared with healthy subjects. The present study indicates that t‐PA activation may play an important role in the pathogenesis of gastric ulcer formation and that t‐PA determination in gastric biopsy specimens may be useful for the evaluation of clinical activity of gastric ulcers in terms of the mucosal microvascular endothelial changes.
Heparin‐Associated Thrombocytopenia: No Association of Immune Response with HLA (1993)

Heparin-associated thrombocytopenia (HAT) is a severe adverse reaction of heparin therapy. Patients with the immunologic type of HAT are at risk of developing arterial and venous thromboembolic complications caused by an antibody which activates platelets in the presence of heparin. Yet, there are no means to identify patients at risk of developing HAT before heparin administration. We investigated the frequency of HLA class-I and class-II antigens in 47 patients with the immunologic type of HAT verified by a positive two-point heparin-induced platelet activation assay. Compared to a control group of 629 healthy individuals HLA antigens B8 and DR3 were less frequent, whereas DR4 and DR53 had a higher frequency. However, none of these antigens proved to be statistically significant. This is another example of an immunologically mediated disease showing no discernible association with the HLA system.
Robust motion segmentation for content-based video coding (2000)

This paper presents a motion segmentation method useful for representing efficiently a video shot as a static mosaic of the background plus sequences of moving foreground objects. This generates an MPEG-4 compliant, content-based representation useful for video coding, editing and indexing. Segmentation of moving objects is carried out by comparing each frame with a mosaic of the static background, in which the ego-motion of the camera is compensated for with a robust technique. The automatic computation of the mosaic and the segmentation procedure are compared with the current literature and illustrated with real sequences experiments. An example of content-based manipulation is also shown.
Lightweight Hardware Based Secure Authentication Scheme for Fog Computing (2018)

Fog computing is a new paradigm that extends cloud computing to the network edges. As data processing, communications, and control are performed more closely to the end-user devices in fog computing, chances for the attackers to gain unauthorized accesses to sensitive data have been greatly increased. In this paper, we propose a new resource-efficient physical unclonable function (PUF) based authentication scheme to protect the security and privacy of the confidential information in edge devices. Unlike other PUF based lightweight authentication schemes, our proposed method remarkably increases the machine learning attack time without requiring a server to store a large amount of challenge response pairs (CRPs). Besides, a new strong PUF with feedback loop is employed in our scheme to further resist the machine learning attacks that have demonstrated efficacy in compromising strong PUFs. Our proof-of-concept implementation shows that the proposed scheme is suitable for resource-constrained end-user devices in terms of memory, computation, and security.
2, 4-D's Weed-Killing Role (1946)

Science has come up with a new weed-killing chemical. It looks very promising for some purposes. It’s commonly called 2,4-D (in technical terms its real name is 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid).
Synthesis, Structure, and Computational Studies of Soluble Conjugated Multidentate Macrocycles (2005)

[Chemical reaction: See text] Conjugated, shape-persistent macrocycles based on [3 + 3] Schiff-base condensation are of interest for supramolecular materials. In an effort to develop new discotic liquid crystals based on these compounds, a series of macrocycles with peripheral alkoxy groups of varying length have been prepared. The synthesis and mechanism of formation have been probed by isolation of oligomeric intermediates. A single-crystal X-ray diffraction study of one macrocycle revealed a nonplanar, strongly hydrogen-bonded structure. To our surprise, even with very long substituents, the macrocycles were not liquid crystalline. This has been rationalized by ab initio calculations that indicate the macrocycles are undergoing rotation of the dihydroxydiiminobenzene rings that may not allow a stable discotic liquid crystalline phase. These results provide new insight into the formation and properties of these large macrocycles and may provide guidance to developing stable liquid crystalline materials in the future.
Base‐catalyzed reactivation of glucogen phosphorylase reconstituted with a coenzyme‐substrate conjugate and its analogues (1988)

Glycogen phosphorylase reconstituted with pyridoxal (5')diphospho(1)-alpha-D-glucose (PLDP-Glc) is catalytically inactive but slowly converted to the active enzyme through the cleavage of the pyrophosphate linkage. A similar reaction occurs more rapidly on PLDP-Gal and -Xyl but not on PLDP-Man. Values of pKa for all the reactions are about 8.3, suggesting the participation of a common basic residue in these reactions. Based on the present and other results, it is presumed that Tyr-573 or Lys-574 acts as the base abstracting the proton from 2-hydroxyl group of the glucosyl moiety of PLDP-Glc.
Lumped capacity thermal circuit diagram of active chip cooling schemes (2003)

There is a strong need to improve our current capabilities in thermal management and electronic cooling, since estimates indicate that IC power density level could reach 50 W/cm in the near future. This paper presents an innovative approach for thermal modeling of active cooling schemes. It is shown that the principles of energy conversion can be used to overcome the problems of thermal resistance narrowing. Cooling schemes such as mesoscale vapor compression refrigeration, liquid cooling, thermoelectric microcoolers and microchannel heatsinks are discussed and compared relative to heat dissipation potential.
0406 Daytime Sleepiness in The Community: Implications for Sleep, Circadian, and Physical Health (2020)

Abstract Introduction Daytime sleepiness impacts performance and well-being. The present study used validated measures to explore associations of community-level daytime sleepiness with sleep health, preferred sleep phase, physical inactivity, and overall health. Methods Data were from the Sleep and Healthy Activity, Diet, Environment, and Socialization (SHADES) study of N=1007 adults age 22-60 from the community. Daytime sleepiness was assessed with the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Outcomes of interest included the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), endorsement of a preference for an advanced or delayed sleep phase on the Sleep Disorders Symptom Check List (SDSCL), STOP-BANG sleep apnea questionnaire score, sedentary time assessed with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and the global health item on the SF-12, operationalized as excellent/good or fair/poor health. Through regression analyses, we assessed whether daytime sleepiness was independently associated with several sleep, circadian and physical health outcomes, adjusting for habitual sleep duration and sociodemographic factors like age, sex, education, and race/ethnicity. Results Our adjusted models indicate that daytime sleepiness was associated with insomnia (B=0.57; 95%CI: 0.50, 0.65; p&amp;lt;0.0001), sleep quality (B=0.34; 95%CI: 0.29, 0.39; p&amp;lt;0.0001), advanced sleep phase (OR=1.06; 95%CI: 1.03, 1.09; p&amp;lt;0.0001), delayed sleep phase (OR=1.05; 95%CI: 1.02, 1.07; p=0.0003), STOP-BANG score (B=0.08; 95%CI: 0.07, 0.10; p&amp;lt;0.0001), sedentary minutes (B=6.12; 95%CI: 2.77, 9.47; p=0.0004), and overall poor health (OR=1.10; 95%CI: 1.07, 1.13; p&amp;lt;0.0001). After additional adjustment for habitual sleep duration, all relationships were maintained. Conclusion Daytime sleepiness is associated with more severe insomnia, preference for advanced or delayed sleep timing, worse sleep quality, and greater risk of sleep apnea. Moreover, daytime sleepiness was associated with greater sedentary time and worse overall health. Since these relationships are independent of sleep duration, they likely do not reflect an effect of sleep deprivation. Support This work was supported by a grant from Jazz Pharmaceuticals. The SHADES study was funded by R21ES022931. Dr. Grandner is supported by R01MD011600.
Simplified Impulse Response Characterization for Mode Division Multiplexed Systems (2016)

We present a single transceiver based modal characterization method for estimating the channel impulse response of MDM systems. Good agreements are found between the measured and simulated DGDs of a RCF supporting 5 mode groups.
O(N) Iterative and O(NlogN) Fast Direct Volume (2017)

Abstract—Linear complexity iterative and log-linear complex- ity direct solvers are developed for the volume integral equation (VIE) based general large-scale electrodynamic analysis. The dense VIE system matrix is first represented by a new cluster- based multilevel low-rank representation. In this representation, all the admissible blocks associated with a single cluster are grouped together and represented by a single low-rank block, whose rank is minimized based on prescribed accuracy. From such an initial representation, an efficient algorithm is developed to generate a minimal-rank H2-matrix representation. This representation facilitates faster computation, and ensures the same minimal rank’s growth rate with electrical size as evaluated from singular value decomposition. Taking into account the rank’s growth with electrical size, we develop linear-complexity H -matrix-based storage and matrix-vector multiplication, and thereby an O(N ) iterative VIE solver regardless of electrical size. Moreover, we develop an O(NlogN ) matrix inversion, and hence a fast O(NlogN ) direct VIE solver for large-scale electrodynamic analysis. Both theoretical analysis and numerical simulations of large-scale 1-, 2- and 3-D structures on a single- core CPU, resulting in millions of unknowns, have demonstrated ty and superior performance of the proposed VIE electrodynamic solvers.
The intermediates of aggrecanase-dependent cleavage of aggrecan in rat chondrosarcoma cells treated with interleukin-1 (2000)

We have examined the abundance and structure of intermediates in the chondrocyte-mediated degradation of aggrecan by aggrecanase(s). Degradation products were identified by Western-blot analysis with antibodies to cleavage-site neoepitopes and to peptides within the globular domains. Rat chondrosarcoma tumour contained full-length aggrecan and all of the individual peptides expected from single independent cleavages at each of the four aggrecanase sites in the chondroitin sulphate (CS) domain. Kinetic analysis of the products present in rat chondrosarcoma cell cultures treated with interleukin-1b showed that the first aggrecanase-mediated cleavages occurred at the four sites within the CS attachment region to generate two stable intermediates, Val1–Glu1459 and Val1–Glu1274. These species were subsequently cleaved at the Glu373 site in the interglobular domain to form the terminal products, Val1–Glu373, Ala374–Glu1274 and Ala374–Glu1459. It therefore appears that the aggrecanase-mediated processing of native aggrecan by chondrocytes insitu is initiated within the CS-attachment region and completed by cleavage within the interglobular domain. Since it has been shown that digestion of aggrecan monomer in solution with recombinant ADAMTS-4 [Tortorella, Pratta, Liu, Austin, Ross, Abbaszade, Burn and Arner (2000) Sites of aggrecan cleavage by recombinant human aggrecanase-1 (ADAMTS-4). J. Biol. Chem. 275, 18566–18573] exhibits similar kinetics, it appears that preferential proteinase cleavage in the CS-rich region is determined by properties inherent in the aggrecan monomer itself, such as preferred peptide sequences for enzyme binding or enhanced accessibility to the core protein at these sites.
Breve historia de la restauración en México (2011)

La conservacion y la restauracion son tareas primordiales para mantener vigente la identidad del pais, expresada en sus distintas manifestaciones culturales; su permanente desarrollo requiere de politicas, inversiones economicas para la formacion de cuadros academicos, tecnicos y cientificos que brinden certeza en el futuro.
Diaspirin Crosslinked Hemoglobin: Evaluation of Effects on the Microcirculation of Striated Muscle (1994)

Hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers such as diaspirin-crosslinked hemoglobin (DCLHb) have been proposed for blood substitution due to their plasma expansion and oxygen transport capacity. This study investigates the effects of DCLHb on the microcirculation of striated muscle after moderate topload infusion and isovolemic exchange transfusion in awake hamsters. The skinfold chamber model in hamsters and intravital fluorescence microscopy were used for analysis of vessel diameter, red blood cell velocity (RBCV), leukocyte sticking to the microvascular endothelium, and macromolecular leakage in striated skin muscle. In each animal, arteriolar and postcapillary vessel segments were chosen and sequentially recorded on videotape (baseline). Animals were subjected to either topload infusion (10% of blood volume) or isovolemic exchange transfusion (hct 30%) of DCLHb followed by measurements at 10, 30, and 60 min thereafter. In vivo visualization of plasma and leukocytes was performed using FITC-dextran 150,000 and rhodamine 6G, respectively. No significant changes of vessel diameter and RBCV were observed after topload infusion or isovolemic exchange transfusion with DCLHb, either in postcapillary venules or in arterioles when compared with baseline values. Leukocyte sticking and macromolecular leakage were not found enhanced after administration of DCLHb. We conclude that the introduction of DCLHb-bound oxygen into the tissue does neither stimulate leukocyte adhesion nor impair endothelial integrity.
Specialty and advanced polymers by carbocationic macromolecular engineering (1993)

Abstract This study briefly surveys a variety of new advanced polymeric materials and controlled synthetic processes available by carbocationic macromolecular engineering techniques and having potential commercial interest. These recent developments, mainly by living carbocationic polymerization, have led to new opportunities in polymerization process control, and in designing microstructure, functionality, molecular weight and molecular weight distribution (MWD) and thus properties of a wide variety of unique polymer systems. The fundamentals of these new emerging technologies and the novel materials offered by them, such as macromonomers, telechelics, polymers with pendant functional groups (liquid crystalline homo‐ and co‐polymers, non‐linear optical materials etc.), star‐shaped macromolecules, block and graft copolymers, high temperature polymers, and specialty networks (amphiphilic networks and rubber toughened bone cements) as potential biomaterials will be overviewed.
Regular expression matching for reconfigurable packet inspection (2006)

Recent intrusion detection systems (IDS) use regular expressions instead of static patterns as a more efficient way to represent hazardous packet payload contents. This paper focuses on regular expressions pattern matching engines implemented in reconfigurable hardware. A nondeterministic finite automata (NFA) based implementation was presented, which takes advantage of new basic building blocks to support more complex regular expressions than the previous approaches. The methodology is supported by a tool that automatically generates the circuitry for the given regular expressions, outputting VHDL representations ready for logic synthesis. Furthermore, techniques to reduce the area cost of our designs and maximize performance when targeting FPGAs were included. Experimental results show that our tool is able to generate a regular expression engine to match more than 500 IDS regular expressions (from the Snort ruleset) using only 25K logic cells and achieving 2 Gbps throughput on a Virtex2 and 2.9 on a Virtex4 device. Concerning the throughput per area required per matching non-meta character, our design is 3.4 and 10 times more efficient than previous ASIC and FPGA approaches, respectively