gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vegetable milk processing and rehydration characteristics of bambara groundnut [Voandzeia subterranea (L.) thouars] (1980)

Abstract Eight cultivars of bambara groundnut [ Voandzeia subterranea (L.) Thouars] were studied to determine their rehydration characteristics. Seeds from all cultivars approximately doubled their weight after 36 h and were then easily dehulled. Losses of nutrients to the soak water during this period were small. Mature seeds from one cultivar were evaluated for suitability as a base for a vegetable milk. Homogenisation of whole seed flour in water together with coconut or soya bean oils yielded an emulsion containing 20 g protein (Nx 5.71) and 30 ml oil litre‐ 1 . Good emulsion stability was maintained after pasteurisation. Curds, similar to those traditionally prepared from soya beans, were easily prepared from bambara groundnut milk. The bland, creamy‐white product which was high in protein had a trypsin‐inhibitor content very much lower than that of the untreated vegetable milk.
Ultra-low-voltage circuits for sensor applications powered by free-space optics (2010)

Ultra-low-voltage circuits powered and clocked by free-space optical links are implemented in 90 nm digital CMOS. A CDR circuit powered by 4.6 klx illuminance recovers optical data at 50 kb/s using interleaved subthreshold oscillators. A passive-filter ¿¿M produces a 47 dB peak SNDR at 2.1 klx and 256 kHz sample rate. The CDR consumes 217 nW at 300 mV V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</sub> and 200 kb/s. The ¿¿M consumes 102 nW at 400 mV V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</sub> and 1.6 MHz for a figure-of-merit of 23 fJ/conversion-step.
What is a “fair salary” for a surgical subspecialist? (2002)

The author presents a net present model by which a "fair salary" for surgical subspecialists is justified. Neurosurgical practitioners are used as an example, based on assumed fair salary for family physicians.
Bone Marrow Cell Transplant From Donors With Cardiovascular Risk Factors Increases the Pro-atherosclerotic Phenotype in the Recipients (2016)

Improvement of long-term survival after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has revealed that these patients have an increased appearance of de novo cardiovascular risk factors. Even though in these clinical studies no relation to transplant-related factors has been found, no attention has been paid to the influence of cardiovascular risk factors affecting the bone marrow donors on the cardiovascular risk of the recipients. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze, using an animal model, whether transplantation of bone marrow from donors with cardiovascular risk factors increases cardiovascular risk in healthy recipients. Results from transplantation experiments have shown that bone marrow from donors with cardiovascular risk factors induced pro-atherogenic modifications in the cholesterol profile of healthy recipients, increasing the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol fraction in comparison to those transplanted with control bone marrow. Moreover, bone marrow from donors with cardiovascular risk factors induced significant alterations in liver pro-inflammatory state and lipid metabolism-related gene expression that could contribute to alter cholesterol homeostasis. Altogether, these results suggest that cardiovascular risk factors in the donor confer a cardiometabolic alteration to their bone marrow cells that is transferred to noncardiovascular disease transplant recipients, affecting their liver function and increasing their cardiovascular risk.
Inhibitory Effect of α-Glucosidase Inhibitors Varies According to Its Origin (1999)

The inhibitory effect of alpha-glucosidase (AGH) inhibitors against its origins (baker's yeast and rat, rabbit, and pig small intestines) was investigated. All inhibitors used in this study showed quite different inhibitory activities according to AGH origins. Voglibose, acarbose and glucono-1,5-lactone strongly inhibited mammalian AGHs, whereas no or less inhibition was observed in yeast AGH. On the contrary, (+)-catechin, a good inhibitor against yeast AGH (IC(50) = 1.3 x 10(-)(1) mM) as well as voglibose (IC(50) = 2.6 x 10(-)(2) mM), did not retard the mammalian AGH activity. Subsequent inhibition study with various food components revealed that all of foods except for green (IC(50) = 0.735 mg/mL) and oolong teas (IC(50) = 1.34 mg/mL) showed no inhibitory activity against rat AGH, whereas they inhibited yeast AGH. Consequently, the magnitude of AGH inhibition was greatly affected by its origin, and more attention relating to AGH origin would be needed to evaluate in vitro AGH inhibitory effect.
Chinese Informal Word Normalization: an Experimental Study (2013)

We study the linguistic phenomenon of informal words in the domain of Chi-nese microtext and present a novel method for normalizing Chinese informal words to their formal equivalents. We formal-ize the task as a classification problem and propose rule-based and statistical fea-tures to model three plausible channels that explain the connection between for-mal and informal pairs. Our two-stage selection-classification model is evaluated on a crowdsourced corpus and achieves a normalization precision of 89.5 % across the different channels, significantly im-proving the state-of-the-art. 1
Experimental models of Gram-negative sepsis (2001)

Many animal models of sepsis have been described but none has proved to be superior. Extrapolation of results from endotoxicosis or bacterial infusion models should be regarded with caution. Peritonitis models should be accepted as the 'gold standard' but the use of appropriate virulent bacterial species needs to be ensured. A standardized panel of animal models for the preclinical assessment of immunomodulatory agents should be established, including at least one immuno- suppressed model to simulate the immunocompromised patient with sepsis. A uniform and valid definition of sepsis applicable to both small and large animal species is required.
Hand Pose Estimation Using Expectation-Constrained-Maximization From Voxel Data (2004)

cvrr.ucsd.edu This paper describes voxel-based hand posture estimation using the Expectation Constrained-Maximization framework to estimate the parameters to a 16 segment 24 degreesof-freedom hand model. This method uses only voxels to estimate finger segment locations and orientations. The hand model consists of a mixture of kinematically constrained 3D gaussian distributions. Results on simulated and real data show that given a good initial conditions, this proposed iterative model parameter estimation process converges to the ”voxelized ” hand. 1.
The Benefits of Powered Liposuction Versus Traditional Liposuction (2001)

BACKGROUND There is much debate about the safety of liposuction as well as the efficacy and risk:benefit ratio of newer devices used in this procedure. OBJECTIVE To determine if there are any benefits in terms of safety and efficacy of power reciprocating cannulas compared to traditional manual liposuction cannulas. METHODS Patients served as their own controls in a paired comparison analysis of power liposuction cannulas and traditional liposuction cannulas. RESULTS Power cannulas significantly reduced procedure times, intraoperative pain, and surgeon fatigue, and increased the amount of fat aspirated per minute. Power cannulas also decreased postoperative pain, ecchymoses, and edema, as well as resulting in higher patient satisfaction scores. CONCLUSION Power liposuction cannulas produce significantly faster recovery times for patients, allow faster procedure times, and reduce surgeon fatigue, resulting in safer and more precise surgery. A lower incidence of touch-up procedures is likely due to these benefits.
Mechanism of electrophilic fluorination of aromatic compounds with NF-reagents (2007)

Kinetic isotope effects H/D in electrophilic fluorination of aromatic compounds with NF-reagents were investigated. The small values of k H/k D (0.86–1.00) are in agreement with the polar reaction mechanism where the Wheland complex decomposition is not the limiting stage. The fluorination of 1,3,5-trideuterobenzene was established by 1H and 19F NMR spectroscopy to occur with a 1,2-migration of a hydrogen (deuterium) atom. The analysis of Brown-Stock relationship demonstrated that the activity of NF-reagents exceeded that of many known electrophilic systems including halogenation, but it was essentially less than the activity of elemental fluorine.
Face Recognition using 2.5D Shape Information (2006)

In this paper we investigate whether the 2.5D shape information delivered by a novel shape-from-shading algorithm can be used for illumination insensitive face recognition. We present a robust and efficient facial shape-fromshading algorithm which uses principal geodesic analysis to model the variation in surface orientation across a face. We show how this algorithm can be used to recover accurate facial shape and albedo from real world images. Our second contribution is to use the recovered 2.5D shape information in a variety of recognition methods. We present a novel recognition strategy in which similarity is measured in the space of the principal geodesic parameters. We also use the recovered shape information to generate illumination normalised prototype images on which recognition can be performed. Finally we show that, from a single input image, we are able to generate the basis images employed by a number of well known illumination-insensitive recognition algorithms. We also demonstrate that the principal geodesics provide an efficient parameterisation of the space of harmonic basis images.
Adsorbed states of carbon monoxide on dispersed metals: quantitative analysis with carbon-13 NMR spectroscopy (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAdsorbed states of carbon monoxide on dispersed metals: quantitative analysis with carbon-13 NMR spectroscopyT. M. Duncan and T. W. RootCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1988, 92, 15, 4426–4432Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100326a036https://doi.org/10.1021/j100326a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views127Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Overexpression of Methyl-CpG Binding Protein 2 Impairs T H 1 Responses (2012)

The DNA binding protein methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2) critically influences neuronal and brain function by modulating gene expression, and children with overexpression of the MECP2 gene exhibit postnatal neurological syndromes. We demonstrate that some children with MECP2 duplication also display variable immunological abnormalities that include reductions in memory T and B cells and natural killer cells and immunoglobulin assay responses. Moreover, whereas mice with MeCP2 overexpression were unable to control infection with the intra-macrophage parasite Leishmania major and secrete interferon-γ (IFN-γ) from involved lymph nodes, they were able to control airway fungal infection by Aspergillus niger and mount protective T helper cell type 2 (T(H)2)-dependent allergic responses. Relative to normal T cells, T(H) cells from children and mice with MECP2 duplication displayed similar impairments in IFN-γ secretion and T(H)1 responses that were due to both MeCP2-dependent suppression of IFN-γ transcription and sequestration of the IFN-γ locus as assessed by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Thus, overexpressed MeCP2 aberrantly suppresses IFN-γ secretion from T(H) cells, potentially leading to a partially immunodeficient state. Our findings establish a rational basis for identifying, treating, and preventing infectious complications potentially affecting children with MECP2 duplication.
Diaphragm Dysfunction in Heart Failure is Accompanied by Increases in Neutral Sphingomyelinase Activity and Ceramide Content (2014)

Our major novel finding was that diaphragm dysfunction in CHF rats was accompanied by higher diaphragm neutral SMase activity, which is expected to cause the observed increase in diaphragm ceramide content.
Fabrication of 3D comb drive microscanners by mechanically induced permanent displacement (2009)

A technology approach is presented which enables an initial permanent counter electrode deflection of planar out of plane comb drive actuators allowing quasistatic operation of an electrostatic microscanner. The device is assembled by mounting a top wafer with salient stamps onto a mirror wafer. The commonly fix in plane counter electrode parts on the mirror wafer are connected to deflectable platforms via a mechanical structure of coupled hinges. During the wafers assembly the down pressing stamps displace the platforms and result in a predefined permanent out of plane counter comb deflection.
Local Characteristics of Heat Transfer from a Vibrating Cylinder. (1992)

Local details of the influence of horizontal vibrations on heat transfer from a horizontal cylinder have been investigated numerically. In the present work, a stable and efficient numerical scheme in the frequency domain is proposed and applied to the above mentioned problem. As a result, the following facts have been revealed: (1) The local characteristics of heat transfer from a vibrating cylinder are different between the low-frequency vibration and the high-frequency ones, although the convection fields, except in the vicinity of the cylinder surface, show similar features. This is related to the thickness of the inner steady vortex system caused by the vibrating cylinder. (2) For low-frequency vibration, the local heat-transfer rate depends on the inner vortex flow because of the thick vortex system. (3) For high-frequency vibration, the inner vortex system becomes thin and acts like a solid film; hence the local heat-transfer rate depends on the outer vortex flow.
SLEIPNIR: Deterministic and Provably Accurate Feature Expansion for Gaussian Process Regression with Derivatives (2020)

Gaussian processes are an important regression tool with excellent analytic properties which allow for direct integration of derivative observations. However, vanilla GP methods scale cubically in the amount of observations. In this work, we propose a novel approach for scaling GP regression with derivatives based on quadrature Fourier features. We then prove deterministic, non-asymptotic and exponentially fast decaying error bounds which apply for both the approximated kernel as well as the approximated posterior. To furthermore illustrate the practical applicability of our method, we then apply it to ODIN, a recently developed algorithm for ODE parameter inference. In an extensive experiments section, all results are empirically validated, demonstrating the speed, accuracy, and practical applicability of this approach.
Anisotropy in theab-plane optical properties ofBi2Sr2CaCu2O8single-domain crystals (1999)

The ab-plane optical properties of the high-temperature superconductor ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}{\mathrm{CaCu}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{8}$ are anisotropic in both the normal and the superconducting state. Consistent with the orthorhombic structure, the principal axes lie along the a and b crystallographic axes, nearly 45\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} from the Cu-O bond direction. In the normal state, analysis of the temperature-dependent optical conductivity suggests a scattering rate for the free carriers that shows ab anisotropy in both magnitude and temperature dependence. In the superconducting state, the anisotropy in the oscillator strength of the superfluid response determined from the far-infrared frequency dependence of ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{2}(\ensuremath{\omega})$ and from a sum-rule analysis leads to a penetration depth ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{D}$ that is larger along the b axis than the a axis: $({\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{L}^{b}&gt;{\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{L}^{a}).$
ADEPT-The Advanced Database Environment for Planning and Tracking (2002)

The Advanced Database Environment for Planning and Tracking (ADEPT) is a system that provides the ability to define and manage process definitions. These predefined definitions can be instantiated to create project plans. In managing such plans, ADEPT ensures adherence to predefined process definitions. Unlike most commercial project planning systems, project plans in ADEPT can include information that is tracked across multiple projects. In addition, ADEPT provides the ability to track other kinds of project details besides simple task information and milestone dates. It supports both operational (that is, day-to-day) management of single projects and strategic management of information that crosses project boundaries. It was built on top of a commercial client-server relational database system and uses the standard Structured Query Language (SQL) to model process definitions as object-oriented semantic networks. ADEPT features include real-time reporting, generation of HyperText Markup Language (HTML) reports, report subscription, tracking of quality records, e-mail notification of database transactions, and authorization access control.
Laboratory evolution of new lactate transporter genes in a jen1Δ mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and their identification as ADY2 alleles by whole-genome resequencing and transcriptome analysis (2012)

Laboratory evolution is a powerful approach in applied and fundamental yeast research, but complete elucidation of the molecular basis of evolved phenotypes remains a challenge. In this study, DNA microarray-based transcriptome analysis and whole-genome resequencing were used to investigate evolution of novel lactate transporters in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that can replace Jen1p, the only documented S. cerevisiae lactate transporter. To this end, a jen1Δ mutant was evolved for growth on lactate in serial batch cultures. Two independent evolution experiments yielded growth on lactate as sole carbon source (0.14 and 0.18 h−1, respectively). Transcriptome analysis did not provide leads, but whole-genome resequencing showed different single-nucleotide changes (C755G/Leu219Val and C655G/Ala252Gly) in the acetate transporter gene ADY2. Introduction of these ADY2 alleles in a jen1Δ ady2Δ strain enabled growth on lactate (0.14 h−1 for Ady2pLeu219Val and 0.12 h−1 for Ady2pAla252Gly), demonstrating that these alleles of ADY2 encode efficient lactate transporters. Depth of coverage of DNA sequencing, combined with karyotyping, gene deletions and diagnostic PCR, showed that an isochromosome III (c. 475 kb) with two additional copies of ADY2C755G had been formed via crossover between retrotransposons YCLWΔ15 and YCRCΔ6. The isochromosome formation shows how even short periods of selective pressure can cause substantial karyotype changes.
Measurement and Calculation of End Wall Heat Transfer and Aerodynamics on a Nozzle Guide Vane in Annular Cascade (1990)

Detailed measurements of surface static pressures and heat transfer rates on the aerofoil and hub end wall of an annular nozzle guide vane (in the absence of a downstream rotor) are presented. Heat transfer rates have been measured using thin film gauges in an annular cascade in the Pyestock Isentropic Light Piston Cascade. Test Mach numbers, Reynolds numbers and cascade geometry are fully representative of engine conditions. The results of 3-D calculations of surface Mach number and 2-D calculations of aerofoil heat transfer are presented and compared with the measurements. A new method of calculating end wall heat transfer using the axisymmetric analogue for three-dimensional boundary layers is described in detail. The method uses a 3-D Euler solver to calculate the inviscid surface streamlines along which heat transfer coefficients are calculated. The metric coefficient which describes the lateral convergence or divergence of the streamlines is used to include three-dimensional effects in the calculation. The calculated heat transfer rates compare well with the measured values. Reference is made to surface flow visualization in the interpretation of the results.
Pulsed-field gel electrophoretic analysis of leptospiral DNA (1991)

The genomic structures of spirochete species are not well characterized, and genetic studies on these organisms have been hampered by lack of a genetic exchange mechanism in these bacteria. In view of these observations, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was used to examine the genomes of Leptospira species. Live cells, prepared in agarose plugs, were lysed in situ, and the DNA was analyzed under different electrophoretic conditions. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of DNA digested with infrequently cutting restriction enzymes showed that the genome of Leptospira interrogans serovar canicola is approximately 3.1 Mb, while that of the saprophytic L. biflexa serovar patoc I is 3.5 Mb. DNA forms of approximately 2,000 and 350 kb which were present in samples from L. interrogans serovars were not readily detected in nonpathogenic serovars. Three distinct populations, designated type alpha, beta, and gamma, of L. interrogans DNA molecules were further analyzed with two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Evidence suggested that two of these DNA forms, type alpha and gamma, were linear structures. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis has proven to be a valuable tool with which to size bacterial genomes and to take the first steps toward characterization of a form of leptospiral DNA which behaves as a linear molecule and which may be related to the virulence of L. interrogans.
Ologs: A Categorical Framework for Knowledge Representation (2012)

In this paper we introduce the olog, or ontology log, a category-theoretic model for knowledge representation (KR). Grounded in formal mathematics, ologs can be rigorously formulated and cross-compared in ways that other KR models (such as semantic networks) cannot. An olog is similar to a relational database schema; in fact an olog can serve as a data repository if desired. Unlike database schemas, which are generally difficult to create or modify, ologs are designed to be user-friendly enough that authoring or reconfiguring an olog is a matter of course rather than a difficult chore. It is hoped that learning to author ologs is much simpler than learning a database definition language, despite their similarity. We describe ologs carefully and illustrate with many examples. As an application we show that any primitive recursive function can be described by an olog. We also show that ologs can be aligned or connected together into a larger network using functors. The various methods of information flow and institutions can then be used to integrate local and global world-views. We finish by providing several different avenues for future research.