gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Joint Estimation of Doppler Stretch and Time Delay of Wideband Echoes for LFM Pulse Radar Based on Sigmoid-FRFT Transform under the Impulsive Noise Environment (2019)

To overcome the limitation of performance degradation of existing methods based on fractional Fourier transform in impulsive noise, and fractional lower-order statistics based method dependence on a priori knowledge of the noise, a novel Sigmoid fractional Fourier transform (Sigmoid-FRFT) is presented in this paper. This novel approach is then used to estimate the Doppler stretch and time delay. Furthermore, the properties of the Sigmoid transform, robustness and boundedness of the Sigmoid-FRFT to the S α S noise, and the computation complexity of the Sigmoid-FRFT method are presented to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. Simulation results and theoretical analysis are presented to demonstrate the applicability of the forgoing method. It is shown that the proposed method not only can effectively suppress impulsive noise interference but also does not need a priori knowledge of the noise, with higher estimation accuracy and lower computational complexity in impulsive noise environments.
Purification and characterization of endopeptidase H2, a kinin inactivating serine proteinase (kininase) from human urine. (1993)

1. A kinin-inactivating chymotrypsin-like serine-endopeptidase was purified 202-fold from human urine by DEAE-cellulose chromatography, gel filtration, DEAE/HPLC chromatography and affinity chromatography. It hydrolyzed bradykinin at the Phe5-Ser6 peptide bond at a rate of 1.090 mumol min-1 mg protein-1 at pH 8.0 and 37 degrees C. The molecular weight of this endopeptidase H2, estimated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by gel filtration, was 60 kDa, and its optimum pH for bradykinin hydrolysis was near 8.5. 2. Bradykinin inactivating activity was inhibited 100% by the serine-proteinase inhibitor PMFS (1 mM) and the chymotrypsin inhibitor TPCK (5 mM). Reagents such as 2-mercaptoethanol (3 mM) and pOH-mercuribenzoate (3 mM) inhibited the enzyme by 100% and 67%, respectively. 3. Endopeptidase H2 hydrolyzes the Phe-Ser bond of peptides related to bradykinin and its activity appears to be limited to peptide chains of < or = 18 amino acid residues since it does not hydrolyze BAM 22, peptide E or kininogen. 4. The molecular size and inhibition profile suggested that endopeptidase H2 differs from the serine-proteinases previously described in rat liver, rat hepatic endothelium, rat and rabbit brain. 5. The physiological role of endopeptidase H2 may be a link between the kinin and neuropeptide systems in the control of water-electrolyte balance.
Diagnosis of Celiac Disease (2014)

The diagnostic criteria for celiac disease (CD) have undergone significant change during the past several decades following a better understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease and the identification of sensitive and specific serum markers. In 2012, the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition published new diagnostic algorithms, which for the first time questioned the need for histological evaluation in all patients, and identified specific requirements for omitting intestinal biopsies from diagnosis requirements. Here, we briefly review the evolution of the diagnostic algorithms, emerging data which may be integrated into the diagnosis algorithm in the future and suggest key points which should be considered while we continue to develop and refine the diagnostic criteria for CD in an age of personalized medicine.
Myths and Lessons from the Adult/Pediatric Interface in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (2006)

The development of effective therapy for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is one of the great successes of clinical oncology, with long-term survival achieved in over 80% of patients. However, cure rates for adults with ALL remain relatively low, with only 40% of patients cured. With an age-unrestricted, biology-based approach, we anticipate a better understanding about why these outcome differences exist, and think that by extending successful pediatric clinical programs to include adult patients with ALL, we can directly compare uniformly treated adults and children in terms of response to therapy, toxicity and underlying biology.
A Vibration‐Induced‐Emission‐Based Fluorescent Chemosensor for the Selective and Visual Recognition of Glucose (2021)

The development of chemosensors to detect analytes in biologically relevant solutions is a challenging task. We report the synthesis of a fluorescent receptor that combines vibration-induced emission (VIE) and dynamic covalent chemistry for the detection of glucose in aqueous media. We show that the bis-2-(N-methylaminomethyl)phenylboronic acid-decorated N,N'-diphenyl-dihydrodibenzo[a,c]phenazine (DPAC) receptor 1 can detect glucose and discriminate between closely related monosaccharides including those commonly found in blood. Preliminary studies suggest monosaccharides bind to the DPAC-receptor with a 1:1 stoichiometry to produce pseudomacrocyclic complexes, which in turn leads to distinct optical changes in the fluorescent emission of the receptor for each host. Moreover, the complexation-induced change in emission can be detected visually and quantified in a ratiometric way. Our results highlight the potential of VIE-type receptors for the quantitative determination of saccharides in biological samples.
A q-analogue of the path length of binary search trees (1999)

A reformulation of the path length of binary search trees is given in terms of permutations, allowing to extend the definition to the instance of words, where the letters are obtained by independent geometric random variables (with parameter q). In this way, expressions for expectation and variance are obtained which in the limit for $q\to1$ are the classical expressions.
C++ in a Nutshell (2003)

To-the-point, authoritative, no-nonsense solutions have always been a trademark of O'Reilly books. The In a Nutshell books have earned a solid reputation in the field as the well-thumbed references that sit beside the knowledgeable developer's keyboard. C++ in a Nutshell lives up to the In a Nutshell promise. C++ in a Nutshell is a lean, focused reference that offers practical examples for the most important, most often used, aspects of C++. C++ in a Nutshell packs an enormous amount of information on C++ (and the many libraries used with it) in an indispensable quick reference for those who live in a deadline-driven world and need the facts but not the frills. The book's language reference is organized first by topic, followed by an alphabetical reference to the language's keywords, complete with syntax summaries and pointers to the topic references. The library reference is organized by header file, and each library chapter and class declaration presents the classes and types in alphabetical order, for easy lookup. Cross-references link related methods, classes, and other key features. This is an ideal resource for students as well as professional programmers. When you're programming, you need answers to questions about language syntax or parameters required by library routines quickly. What, for example, is the C++ syntax to define an alias for a namespace? Just how do you create and use an iterator to work with the contents of a standard library container? C++ in a Nutshell is a concise desktop reference that answers these questions, putting the full power of this flexible, adaptable (but somewhat difficult to master) language at every C++ programmer's fingertips.
FearNet: Brain-Inspired Model for Incremental Learning (2017)

Incremental class learning involves sequentially learning classes in bursts of examples from the same class. This violates the assumptions that underlie methods for training standard deep neural networks, and will cause them to suffer from catastrophic forgetting. Arguably, the best method for incremental class learning is iCaRL, but it requires storing training examples for each class, making it challenging to scale. Here, we propose FearNet for incremental class learning. FearNet is a generative model that does not store previous examples, making it memory efficient. FearNet uses a brain-inspired dual-memory system in which new memories are consolidated from a network for recent memories inspired by the mammalian hippocampal complex to a network for long-term storage inspired by medial prefrontal cortex. Memory consolidation is inspired by mechanisms that occur during sleep. FearNet also uses a module inspired by the basolateral amygdala for determining which memory system to use for recall. FearNet achieves state-of-the-art performance at incremental class learning on image (CIFAR-100, CUB-200) and audio classification (AudioSet) benchmarks.
Introduction : colonialism and China (2012)

Colonialism in China was a piecemeal agglomeration that achieved its greatest 
extent in the ﬁ rst half of the twentieth century, the last ediﬁ ces falling at the close 
of the century. The diversity of these colonial arrangements across China’s landscape 
deﬁ es systematic characterization. Jurgen Osterhammel ( 1986 : 290) problematized 
the descriptive capacity of the notion of ‘semi-colonialism’ by enumerating twentysix ‘variegated historical phenomena’ associated with imperialism and an imprecise 
‘semi-colonialism’ in China. There was no coherent whole. This was not simply a 
matter of quantitative unevenness, but of qualitatively different conﬁ gurations. 
Although some sites, like Shanghai or Hong Kong, have served as icons of colonialism in China, these two locations of British colonial presence, the former a treatyport and the latter a colony, were structurally dissimilar and have engendered 
different historical narratives.
ChemInform Abstract: Cobalt‐Catalysed Reductive Carbonylation of Methyl Esters. (1986)

Abstract Essigsäuremethylester (I) reagiert unter Katalyse mit Synthesegas zu Acetaldehyd (II) und Essigsäure (III).
3D Visualization of Shearing in Granular Materials (2006)

This paper presents a microscopic characterization of translation (displacement) and rotation of granulate particles during shearing. A cylindrical specimen composed of 6.5-mm spherical plastic particles was sheared under axisymmetric triaxial loading condition. Computed tomography (CT) was used to acquire 3D images of the specimen at three compression stages. The high-resolution CT images were used to visualize the interaction of particles and to identify the 3D coordinates of 400 particles located at the central portion of the specimen. The translation of particles in 3D are quantified and discussed in details. In addition, rotation of particles are calculated. Compared to particles' sliding, rotation plays a major role in shearing resistance of granular materials. The cumulative vertical rotation angles can be as high as 38° and the horizontal rotation angles have values as high as 60°.
Phospholipid biosynthesis in mature human erythrocytes. (1988)

Mature human erythrocytes were tested for their ability to synthetize membrane phospholipids from simple precursors: [32P]-orthophosphate (32Pi), [U-14C] glycerol, [U-14C] glucose, [U-14C] serine, and [U-14C] choline. The incorporation of these labels into phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidic acid (PA), lysophosphatidylcholine (lyso-PC), phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PIP), and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) was measured. All the phospholipids tested incorporated 32Pi, glycerol, and glucose in a time dependent manner. According to the rate of 32Pi incorporation, three groups of phospholipids could be distinguished: 1) PA, PIP2, PIP, lyso-PC; 2) PI and PS; 3) PC and PE, which incorporated 5 x 10(3), 40, and 6 nmol 32Pi/mmol phospholipid per 1 h, respectively. Moreover, [U-14C] serine and [U14C] choline were found to incorporate into phospholipids, and PS-decarboxylase activity could be measured. The possibility that the observed incorporation was due to contamination with bacteria or other blood cells could be ruled out. Our results bring evidence for de novo phospholipid synthesis of human red blood cells.
Temporal codes in on-chip interconnects (2017)

Dynamic power consumption associated with signal toggles over long distance wires accounts for a significant portion of on-chip interconnect power. Improving dynamic energy efficiency in highly capacitive interconnects can be achieved by reducing the toggle rates associated with data communication. Temporal coding schemes facilitate bounded activity factors by encoding information as placement of signal toggles in time and can thereby improve the energy efficiency of data communication by encoding multiple bits per toggle. We introduce two temporal protocol variants designed for traversal of the crossbars in on-chip networks. These protocols reduce peak power without loss of bandwidth and achieve energy efficient on-chip communication in high capacitance long distance interconnects. Extending these energy savings to a multi-hop mesh topology is achieved by router implementations equipped with bypassing mechanisms that elide per hop reencoding overheads. We demonstrate a four bit per transition temporal protocol with up to 75% communication energy reduction that can be achieved over a baseline serial bit stream protocol.
Isolation of YeastKurtzmanomycessp. I-11, Novel Producer of Mannosylerythritol Lipid (2002)

Yeast strains were screened for producers of glycolipid-type biosurfactants from soybean oil as a sole carbon source. The structure of the glycolipid (MEL-I-11) produced by strain I-11 was analyzed. The hydrophilic sugar moiety was mannosylerythritol and the fatty acid components were C8:0 (36.4%), C12:0 (11.9%), and C14:2 (25.9%). The MEL-I-11 was identified as 6-O-acetyl-2,3-di-O-alkanoyl-beta-D-mannopyranosyl-(1-->4)-O-meso-erythritol. The strain I-11 was identified as a Kurtzmanomyces species, a novel producer of mannosylerythritol lipid.
Polyethylene terephthalate membrane grafted with peptidomimetics: endothelial cell compatibility and retention under shear stress (2012)

The present work aimed to treat a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) surface to make the biomaterial more 'attractive' in terms of attachment and shear stress response to endothelial cells with a view to possible applications in vascular grafting. A surface wet-chemistry protocol was applied to graft track-etched PET membranes with RGD peptidomimetics based on the tyrosine template and active at the nano-level vs. isolated human αvβ3 receptor, which was monitored by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, contact angle measurement and atomic force microscopy for characterization. A primary culture of human saphenous vein endothelial cells was used before and after sterilization of the membranes (heat treatment or γ-ray irradiation) to test the benefit of grafting. The optimal surface concentrations of grafted molecules were around 50 pmol/cm². Compared to GRGDS, the peptidomimetics promoted cell attachment with similar or slightly better performances. Endothelialized grafted supports were further exposed to 2 h of shear stress mimicking arterial conditions. Cells were lost on non-grafted PET whereas cells on grafted polymers sterilized by γ-ray irradiation withstood forces with no significant difference in focal contacts. At the mRNA level, cells on functionalized PET were able to respond to shear stress with NFkB upregulation. Thus, grafting of peptidomimetics as ligands of the αvβ3 integrin could be a relevant strategy to improve the adhesion of human endothelial cells and to obtain an efficient endothelialized PET for the surgery of small-diameter vascular prostheses.
Study on Fabrication of Ni8W/Ni12W/Ni8W Composite Substrate for Coated Conductors (2020)

Three types of Ni8W/Ni12W/Ni8W composite substrates with different layer thickness ratios are thoroughly investigated. A composite substrate with a 1:2:1 thickness ratio is found to be more appropriate for application because of its sharper cube texture, better mechanical strength, and lower magnetization. To overcome cracking and fracture during cold rolling, hot rolling is sometimes conducted before cold rolling. A second step in the annealing process is researched comprehensively to fabricate a 121‐composite substrate with a sharper cube texture. A nearly non‐ferromagnetic 121‐Ni8W/Ni12W/Ni8W composite substrate with a sharp cube texture and strong mechanical strength is successfully fabricated.
Stability and Control Aspects of Microgrid Architectures–A Comprehensive Review (2020)

Self-governing small regions of power systems, known as “microgrids”, are enabling the integration of small-scale renewable energy sources (RESs) while improving the reliability and energy efficiency of the electricity network. Microgrids can be primarily classified into three types based on their voltage characteristics and system architecture; 1) AC microgrids, 2) DC microgrids, and 3) Hybrid AC/DC microgrids. This paper presents a comprehensive review of stability, control, power management and fault ride-through (FRT) strategies for the AC, DC, and hybrid AC/DC microgrids. This paper also classifies microgrids in terms of their intended application and summarises the operation requirements stipulated in standards (e.g., IEEE Std. 1547-2018). The control strategies for each microgrid architecture are reviewed in terms of their operating principle and performance. In terms of the hybrid AC/DC microgrids, specific control aspects, such as mode transition and coordinated control between multiple interlinking converters (ILCs) and energy storage system (ESS) are analysed. A case study is also presented on the dynamic performance of a hybrid AC/DC microgrid under different control strategies and dynamic loads. Hybrid AC/DC microgrids shown to have more advantages in terms of economy and efficiency compared with the other microgrid architectures. This review shows that hierarchical control schemes, such as primary, secondary, and tertiary control are very popular among all three microgrid types. It is shown that the hybrid AC/DC microgrids require more complex control strategies for power management and control compared to AC or DC microgrids due to their dependency on the ILC controls and the operation mode of the hybrid AC/DC microgrid. Case study illustrated the significant effects of microgrid feeder characteristics on the dynamic performance of the hybrid AC/DC microgrid. It is also revealed that any transient conditions either in the AC or DC microgrids could propagate through the ILC affecting the entire microgrid dynamic performance. Additionally, the critical control issues and the future research challenges of microgrids are also discussed in this paper.
Transepithelial Transport and Metabolism of New Lipophilic Ether Derivatives of Hydroxytyrosol by Enterocyte-like Caco-2/TC7 Cells (2010)

Intestinal transport and metabolism of a series of ether derivatives of the natural antioxidant hydroxytyrosol with differing alkyl chain lengths (methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl) were evaluated at 1, 2, and 4 h using a two-compartment transwell system containing human enterocyte (differentiated Caco-2/TC7) monolayers, which simulates the small intestinal barrier. All four ether derivatives were transferred across the enterocyte monolayers with Papp(apical-basolateral) values between 32.6 and 43.5 cm/s × 10(-6). One hour after apical loading, the predominant forms of the compounds on the basolateral side were unmodified molecules. Glucuronides and methylated metabolites were also present in both the apical and basolateral compartments, with conjugated metabolites preferentially transported to the basolateral side. The rate of metabolism increased according to the lipohilicity of the ether derivative (butyl > propyl > ethyl > methyl). In conclusion, hydroxytyrosyl ethers are rapidly absorbed across, and partially metabolized by, Caco-2/TC7 cell monolayers, in keeping with their lipophilic nature.
Synthesis of 7,8,9,10,11,12,20,21,22,23,24,25-dodecahydrodibenzo[b,m]-[1,4,12,15]tetraoxacyclodocosin, a crown ether (1981)

A number of symmetrical diesters and an unsymmetrical type have been synthesised from pyrocatechol. Under conditions in which intramolecular acyloin formation was anticipated the product from one symmetrical compound, ethyl 4-(o-ethoxycarbonylpropoxyphenoxy) butyrate, was a cyclic bis-β-keto-ester resulting in reasonable yield from intermolecular Dieckmann cyclisation. Hydrolysis to the 9,22 diketone, and its reduction to 7,8,9,10,11,12,20,21,22,23,24,25-dodecahydrodibenzo [b,m][1,4,12,15] tetraoxacyclodocosin ‘dibenzo-22-crown-4,’ proceeded smoothly. An unsymmetrical intermediate, methyl 4-(o-ethoxycarbonylmethoxypropylphenoxy) butyrate, was prepared for similar cyclisation and in preliminary experiments appeared to give acyloin and β-keto-ester products. The method represents a different approach to crown ether systems of certain types.
Recent progress in optoelectronic integrated circuits (1989)

Recent progresses in flip-chip and monolithic optoelectronic integrated circuits (OEICs) are reviewed. Demonstrations carried out on basic transmit and receive OEICs using both GaAs- and InP-based materials are encouraging and technological challenges are continueing towards the application to future advanced optical systems.
Building Leadership for e-Busines Development (2004)

Electronic business is becoming an essential component of private sector development in a growing range of nations to achieve and maintain international competitiveness. This is due basically to its multiple benefits as a strong driver of innovation, productivity improvements, lower transaction costs with governments, and poverty reduction. Experience shows that accelerating ebusiness adoption, particularly among smaller firms, requires deliberate leadership on the part of governments in conjunction with the private sector to establish a conducive policy framework and overcome market failures.
Grid evolution for oxidation simulation using a quadtree based grid generator (2002)

Grid and geometry movement algorithms for oxidation simulation are presented using the grid/geometry server Forest. Initial grid generation is performed using a quadtree region decimation algorithm. An oxidation solver is used to compute node velocities and the maximum time step is determined from geometry and grid considerations. The boundary nodes are then moved and geometry singularities like loop formation and region crashes are detected and removed. All the mesh nodes are moved and retriangulation is performed if necessary. The quadtree is rehashed and new triangles are allocated to conform to the new geometry. This algorithm guarantees a high grid quality at all times with minimal grid changes between time steps.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>