gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear feedback model of neuronal populations in hippocampal CAl region (1982)

1. A lumped-circuit model is proposed for the local interactions within the hippocampal CAl region. Each neuronal population is represented by a linear differential equation or a linear transfer function in the Laplace domain. Interactions between neuronal populations are represented by gain factors. Recurrent inhibition of pyramidal cells by the inhibitory interneurons is the important interaction represented by an asymmetric, bidirectionally saturating gain curve. The inputs to the model are orthodromic or antidromic inputs to the pyramidal cells and a tonic input from the brain stem. The outputs are the response ot pyramidal cells and interneurons. 2. The model is evaluated by data of intracellular and extracellular recordings from the hippocampus. Extracellular recordings consist of the average evoked potentials (AEPs), unitary poststimulus time histograms (PSTHs), and the spontaneous electroencephalogram (EEG). On account of the regular structure of the hippocampus, extracellular potentials are expected to correspond to the average intracellular potential among a local neuronal population. 3. Under deep anesthesia, all neuronal responses evoked by an electrical shock to the hippocampal afferents end in a prolonged inhibition of pyramidal cells. The model further predicts that the duration of inhibition increases with stimulus intensity, which is verified experimentally. 4. In the awake rat, especially during behaviors accompanied by a hippocampal theta rhythm (e.g., walking), the AEPs evoked by stimulation of afferent input to the CAl region were oscillatory with a frequency of 20-50 cycles/s. In the model an excitatory bias from the brain stem is assumed to linearize the local circuits, resulting in oscillatory responses similar to those obtained experimentally. 5. As observed by spectral analysis, the hippocampal EEG of the frequency 40-70 Hz varied in power and resonance during various behaviors of the rat. Except for the theta rhythm, analysis of the output(s) of the model given a Gaussian white-noise input showed similar power spectra as the EEG in vivo. The increase in power of the 40-70 Hz EEG in some behaviors, e.g., walking, is reproduced by assuming that during such behaviors a modulating bias from the brain stem linearizes the local CAl circuits. This latter circumstances underlies the generation of oscillatory AEPs and the high-frequency EEG. 6. When recurrent excitatory-inhibitory feedback is very large, the model produces a limit cycle of 50-65 cycles/s. The limit cycle is suggested to be the cause of a particular type of high-frequency (50-65 cycles/s) hippocampal afterdischarge that occurs after tetanization of the input pathways. The amplitude, frequency, and waveform of the model generated and experimental data are similar. 7. In conclusion, a nonlinear recurrent excitatory-inhibitory feedback model of the hippocampus explains and integrates various existing experimental data. The model further predicts results that can be experimentally tested.
A Strategy to Synthesize Molecular Knots and Links Using the Hydrophobic Effect (2018)

Conventional approaches to the synthesis of molecular knots and links mostly rely on metal templation. We present here an alternative strategy that uses the hydrophobic effect to drive the formation of complex interlocked structures in water. We designed an aqueous dynamic combinatorial system that can generate knots and links. In this system, the self-assembly of a topologically complex macrocycle is thermodynamically favored only if an optimum packing of all its components minimizes the hydrophobic surface area in contact with water. Therefore, the size, geometry, and rigidity of the initial building blocks can be exploited to control the formation of a specific topology. We illustrate the validity of this concept with the syntheses of a Hopf link, a Solomon link, and a trefoil knot. This latter molecule, whose self-assembly is templated by halides, binds iodide with high affinity in water. Overall, this work brings a fresh perspective on the synthesis of topologically complex molecules: Solvophobic effects can be intentionally harnessed to direct the efficient and selective self-assembly of knots and links.
Final Report and Recommendations for Research on Human-Automation Interaction in the Next Generation Air Transportation System (2006)

This is the final report of an 18-month project to: (1) review Next Generation Air Transportation System (NGATS) Joint Planning and Development Office (JPDO) documents as they pertain to human-automation interaction; (2) review past system failures in aviation and other contexts involving human-automation interaction; (3) conduct a workshop of JPDO, NASA and academic experts in the area; (4) perform analyses of selected problems; and (5) make recommendations for National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) research that is needed to support JPDO on these aspects of NGATS. This report first reviews reports issued separately on the failures review and the workshop findings as well as several papers and technical notes. Recommendations for needed research in human-automation interaction are then detailed.
Development of early behaviors in neonatal squirrel monkeys and cotton‐top tamarins (1974)

Abstract The development of simple, nonsocial behaviors was observed in neonatal squirrel monkeys and cotton‐top tamarins. One group of observed behaviors included rooting, orienting up, clasping, and grasping, and was assumed to be more directly related to maintenance of maternal contact and nursing than others such as visual and auditory orienting, crawling, walking, and climbing down. Comparison of the results with previously reported data from rhesus monkeys and galagos supported the hypothesis that neonatal behaviors related to maternal contact and nursing persist longer in species with relatively passive maternal behaviors than in species with relatively active maternal behaviors. In contrast, the development of neonatal behaviors not directly related to maternal contact and nursing was not found to vary reliably as a function of species.
Improved Multiple Sequence Alignments Using Coupled Pattern Mining (2013)

We present alignment refinement by mining coupled residues (ARMiCoRe), a novel approach to a classical bioinformatics problem, viz., multiple sequence alignment (MSA) of gene and protein sequences. Aligning multiple biological sequences is a key step in elucidating evolutionary relationships, annotating newly sequenced segments, and understanding the relationship between biological sequences and functions. Classical MSA algorithms are designed to primarily capture conservations in sequences whereas couplings, or correlated mutations, are well known as an additional important aspect of sequence evolution. (Two sequence positions are coupled when mutations in one are accompanied by compensatory mutations in another). As a result, better exposition of couplings is sometimes one of the reasons for hand-tweaking of MSAs by practitioners. ARMiCoRe introduces a distinctly pattern mining approach to improving MSAs: using frequent episode mining as a foundational basis, we define the notion of a coupled pattern and demonstrate how the discovery and tiling of coupled patterns using a max-flow approach can yield MSAs that are better than conservation-based alignments. Although we were motivated to improve MSAs for the sake of better exposing couplings, we demonstrate that our MSAs are also improvements in terms of traditional metrics of assessment. We demonstrate the effectiveness of ARMiCoRe on a large collection of data sets.
Design and applications of a high-speed Doppler imaging vibrometer (2010)

We describe a unique high-speed Doppler imaging vibrometer configured for rapid full-field measurement of arbitrary solid body vibrations without temporal or spatial measurement multiplexing. The instrument design employs a staring 16&times;16 measurement beam matrix and passive fiber-optic focal plane array, remotely coupled to distributed parallel receivers and digital processors. High-speed data captured by the instrument indicate the rich dynamic complexity to be found even in comparatively simple coupled mechanical systems with transient features that are otherwise difficult to observe. The system provides a new tool for instantaneous non-contact full-field vibration measurement of structural dynamics, including, but not limited to, transient or non-repeatable phenomenon.
A Real-Time 3D Human Body Tracking and Modeling System (2006)

In this paper a real-time system for 3D human upper body tracking and modeling is proposed. The system uses multiple cameras to recover the depth maps in real-time, then integrates both color and depth information to track the human body, head, and hands, and finally recovers the 3D upper body model parameters from the tracking results. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the system can track and rebuild human model in complicated situations. The system makes good tradeoff between the accuracy and system simplicity, and can be widely used in many applications, such as desktop interaction and digital entertainments.
Smart antennas for UTRA TDD (2001)

Abstract Due to the increasing number of users in mobile communications and the demand for mobile multimedia services with high data rates, third generation mobile radio systems are currently one of the key communication technologies in research, development, and international standardization bodies. Smart antennas can be used to increase the capacity of wireless communication systems even further. TDD systems are particularly attractive for the employment of smart antennas, since the channel information (e. g., in terms of spatial covariance matrices) estimated on the uplink can be used directly for downlink beamforming. In this paper, we discuss efficient uplink and downlink processing techniques with smart antennas for UTRA TDD, the TDD mode of third generation mobile radio systems that is based on TD—CDMA. On the uplink, joint space—time processing is used to eliminate co—channel interference created by other users that transmit on the same frequency and in the same time slot. These joint detection techniques are efficiently implemented in the frequency domain. On the downlink, the data is only transmitted in the direction of the desired mobile user while interference in the direction of co—channel users is avoided. Moreover, short—term spatial channel estimates can be improved by projecting them into the dominant subspace of the long—term spatial covariance matrix. System level simulations have been performed to evaluate the gain in spectral efficiency (available bit rate per bandwidth per cell) if simple downlink beamforming techniques are used at the base stations. There is a two— to three—fold spectral efficiency gain if antenna arrays of M = 8 elements are deployed in a sectorized macro—cellular environment.
Cobalt Nanoparticles Supported Graphitic Carbon Nitride Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction (2022)

This study is focused on the fabrication of cobalt nanoparticles supported graphitic carbon nitride (CoNPs-g-C 3 N 4 ) by microwave synthesis and their application for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) were employed to characterize the prepared catalysts. The electrocatalytic activity of CoNPs-g-C 3 N 4 for ORR was investigated using the rotating disk electrode technique in 0.1 M KOH solution. It has been determined that the g-C 3 N 4 , prepared by annealing melamine at a temperature of 520 o C for two h, had a high nitrogen content of 67.92 at.%. The data of the oxygen reduction on the CoNPs-g-C 3 N 4 catalysts with different Co loadings and under various conditions are presented. Compared to the metal-free g-C 3 N 4 , the doping of g-C 3 N 4 with CoNPs enhances the electrocatalytic activity and the selectivity towards the 4e - reduction reaction of O 2 to H 2 O. Acknowledgment This project has received funding from European Social Fund (project No. 09.3.3-LMT-K-712-23-0188) under a grant agreement with the Research Council of Lithuania (LMTLT).
Microfluidics for Molecular Measurements and Quantitative Distributable Diagnostics (2017)

A major challenge in global health care is a lack of portable and affordable quantitative diagnostic devices. This is because classic quantification of biomolecules is typically performed using kinetic assays that require strict control only found in controlled laboratory environments. By using the power of microfluidics, quantitative assays can be performed robustly in a format that is decoupled from precise kinetics through highly parallelized qualitative reactions. The benefits of performing quantitative assays in a digital format extend beyond just assay robustness to reduction of instrumental complexity, increase in quantitative precision, and an increase in the amount of information that can be gained from a single experiment. These microfluidic architectures, however, are not limited to usage in scenarios of quantification of biomolecules. These architectures can also potentially be extended to answering complex biological questions in single cells, such as determining the 3-dimensional organization of nuclear DNA and RNA.
Capability Maturity Model for Software, Version 1.1 (1993)

Abstract : This paper provides a technical overview of the Capability Maturity Model for Software and reflects Version 1.1. Specifically, this paper describes the process maturity framework of five maturity levels, the structural components that comprise the CMM, how the CMM is used in practice, and future directions of the CMM. This paper serves as one of the best sources for understanding the CMM, and it should clear up some of the misconceptions associated with software process maturity as advocated by the SEI.
Effect of Porous Surface Layer on Leaching Rate of Radionuclide from Cementitious Waste Form. (1991)

Leach tests based on IAEA methods were carried out using three types of cementitious specimens containing 134 Cs and 125 ! and an evaluation method of apparent diffusion coefficients from the leaching curves was discussed.Since the gradient of the leaching curve, i.e. the relationship between the leaching ratio and the square root of time, changes during the leach tests, it has been difficult to estimate the diffusion coefficient.The difference between the leaching rate in the early period of the leach test and that in the later period was attributed to the porous microstructure of the surface layer in the cementitious specimens.The duplicate layer model, which expressed differences in the properties between the surface layer and an inner region by different diffusion coefficients, was proposed.Its numerical solutions had good agreement with the experimental leaching curves.
Proton-Actuated Membrane-Destabilizing Polyion Complex Micelles (2007)

The efficiency of nucleic acid-based drugs is usually hampered by the fact that, following their uptake by the cell, these drugs end up in acidic organelles (i.e., endosomes/lysosomes) from which they barely escape. This work relates to the preparation and characterization of polyion complex micelles (PICM) formed by the self-assembly of three polyelectrolytes: a diblock cationic copolymer; a membranolytic, methacrylic acid copolymer; and an oligonucleotide. It is demonstrated that a synthetic membrane-active polyanion can be successfully integrated within the structure of PICM to yield well-defined, narrowly distributed micelles (30 nm) with a core/shell architecture. Besides their ability to protect the oligonucleotide against nuclease degradation, PICM partly dissociate under mildly acidic conditions, releasing chain clusters that destabilize bilayer membranes. This association/dissociation behavior illustrates the potential of these pH-sensitive PICM for the transport and efficient delivery of polyionic drugs.
Herstellung der 1H‐Indazole durch Photolyse von 2‐Aminophenylketon‐O‐(äthoxycarbonyl)oximen und von 3,1,4‐Benzoxadiazepin‐2 (1H)‐onen (1982)

1 H ‐Indazoles Obtained by Photolysis of 2‐Aminophenylketon‐ O ‐(ethoxycarbonyl)oximes and of 3, 1, 4‐Benzoxadiazepine‐2(1 H )‐ones Irradiation of ( E )‐ and ( Z )‐ O ‐(ethoxycarbonyl)oximes 1 of 2‐aminophenyl ketones in solution with UV, and/or visible light gives 1 H ‐indazole derivatives 2 in high yields ( Scheme 1 ). For this reaction the amino group must be un‐ or mono substituted. With the N , N ‐disubstituted ( E )‐ 1d ( Scheme 2 ) no 1 H ‐indazole formation is observed, because the radicals formed by its photolysis react in an unspecific manner with each other and with the solvent. From the behaviour of ( E )‐ 1d and from the lack of any E/Z ‐isomerization of 1 we conclude that the photoreaction starts with a splitting of the N, O‐bond in two separate radicals, whereas the radical pair produced by the also studied photolysis of 3,1,4‐benzoxadiazepine‐2(1 H )‐one derivatives 3 is fixed in the parent molecule, and therefore tends to recombine. This makes a prolonged irradiation necessary to convert the benzoxadiazepinones 3 into the 1 H ‐indazoles 2 . The different reaction rates of the ( E ) and ( Z )‐isomers of 1 (provided R 4 = H) are understood by means of different intramolecular H‐bridges.
Implementation of pervasive computing based high-secure smart home system (2012)

In recent year, the home environment has seen a rapid introduction of wireless communication network enabled advance computing technologies. In this paper I mainly focus on the monitoring of smart home remotely and providing security when user is away from the home. The proposed security algorithm is combining of Biometrics, public key encryption and SMS based security alarm system. In the proposed security algorithm offered only Authenticate person monitoring home appliances via wireless networks. In the proposed pervasive monitoring system it provides security against intrusion as well as it automates various home appliances using SMS. Zigbee IEEE 802.15.4 based Sensor Network, GSM and Wi-Fi wireless networks are embedded through a standard Home gateway. This home gateway controls the overall wireless communication of smart home systems. The pervasive computing environment created by the smart Sensors, wireless networks and context-aware routing protocol for wireless sensor networks. Each smart Sensor node should have multipath routing protocol to automatically establish the wireless networks between Smart Nodes. To develop a new on-demand context-aware routing protocol for the smart home system, here this paper introduces the pervasive computing based smart home monitoring system's design that provides secure smart services to users, and demonstrates its implementation using a real time environment.
Optical spectroscopy of a resonant Bragg structure with InGaN/GaN quantum wells (2016)

The optical reflectance and transmittance spectra of a periodic InGaN/GaN semiconductor heterostructure with 60 quantum wells are studied at room temperature. The period of the structure was chosen such that, at some angles of incidence of light, the energy of a photon resonantly reflected from the Bragg structure coincides with the excitation energy for quantum-well excitons in quantum wells. The parameters of these excitons are determined by fitting the spectra measured at two different angles of incidence, 30° and 60°. We take into account the resonant exciton transitions in quantum wells as well as the transitions into the continuous spectrum. The radiative decay parameter is determined to be (0.20 ± 0.02) meV.
Evidence for a one-electron mechanism of 2-aminofluorene oxidation by prostaglandin H synthase and horseradish peroxidase. (1984)

Previous studies have shown that the primary arylamine carcinogen 2-aminofluorene (2-AF) is oxidized by the prostaglandin H synthase peroxidase to mutagenic and electrophilic products capable of covalent binding to macromolecules. The present study was designed to identify the potential reactive intermediate(s) responsible for binding, and to characterize further the metabolic intermediates in 2-AF peroxidation. Both prostaglandin H synthase and horseradish peroxidase, with H2O2, oxidize 2-AF to azofluorene, 2-aminodifluorenylamine (2-ADFA), 2-nitrofluorene, polymeric and nonorganic-extractable material. Both enzymes show greater activity at pH 5.0 than at pH 7.0. In the presence of either 2-t-butyl-4-methoxyphenol or 2,6-dimethylphenol, arylamine/phenol adducts were formed in high yield, with the nitrogen of either 2-AF or 2-ADFA coupled to the para position of the phenol (loss of -OCH3 with 2-t-butyl-4-methoxyphenol). These structures were confirmed by mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. Acid hydrolysis of N-hydroxy-2-AF to yield the nitrenium ion, in the presence of a phenol, also results in adduct formation, but only at times greater than 2 h and in very limited yield. The peroxidase-catalyzed adduct formation, however is rapid (less than 2 min) and extensive. These and other data support a one-electron pathway for 2-AF peroxidation, with a free radical or a free radical-derived product responsible for binding to protein and DNA. An N-hydroxy intermediate may therefore not be obligatory in the enzymatic activation of 2-AF to a mutagenic product.
MP43-08 UTILIZATION OF MEDICAL EXPULSIVE THERAPY IN CHILDREN: AN ASSESSMENT OF NATIONWIDE PRACTICE PATTERNS AND OUTCOMES (2016)

METHODS: A multi-institutional retrospective study was performed to assess urinary metabolic profiles in children aged 2-18 years old with any urolithiasis. The patients were stratified based upon review of medical record. Twenty-four hour urine collections were performed and evaluated, along with analysis of stone fragments when available. Urine chemistries were adjusted for creatinine and weight. Differences in mean urine collections between the two groups were assessed using two-tailed t-tests. Chi-square tests were used to test the association between gender, stone type and recurrence status. Multivariate analyses were performed using general linear models, allowing us to account for age, BMI, stone analysis and site. P values <0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Role of the epithelium and acetylcholine in mediating the contraction to 5‐hydroxytryptamine in the mouse isolated trachea (2004)

1. The 5-HT receptor subtype that mediates bronchocontraction and the involvement of neuronal and non-neuronal acetylcholine was assessed in murine isolated tracheae. 2. Atropine (1-10 nM) caused a rightward shift of the methacholine concentration-effect curves (pA(2)=9.0) but reduced the maximum response to 5-HT, suggesting that 5-HT acts as an indirect agonist. The potency of 5-HT receptor agonists (alpha-methyl-5-HT approximately 5-HT>5-carboxamidotryptamine), together with the competitive antagonism of 5-HT by ketanserin (pA(2)=9.4), suggests the involvement of the 5-HT(2A) receptor. 3. While cholinergic twitch responses to electrical field stimulation were abolished by the fast sodium channel inhibitor tetrodotoxin (300 nM), as well as by combined blockade of N-, P- and Q-type voltage-operated calcium channels by omega-conotoxin GVIA (30 nM) and agatoxin IVA (100 nM), responses to 5-HT were unaffected. Similarly, botulinum toxin A (50 nM) inhibited EFS twitch responses, but not contractions to 5-HT. 4. Choline acetyltransferase immunoreactivity was localised to ganglia and nerve fibres as well as approximately half the epithelial cells in the preparation. Removal of the epithelial layer markedly attenuated the contractile response to 5-HT, but had no effect on contractions to either methacholine or EFS. 5. These findings suggest that 5-HT, acting at 5-HT(2A) receptors on mouse tracheal epithelial cells, stimulates these cells to release acetylcholine, which then causes contraction of airway smooth muscle. This phenomenon should be borne in mind in when interpreting studies of murine models of airway disease.