gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of 2,3,4,4a,5,9b-hexahydro-1H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole derivatives and their central nervous system activities (1979)

The synthesis and some pharmacological effects of cis- and trans-2-substituted 2,3,4,4a,5,9b-hexahydro-1H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole derivatives are described. In these derivatives, the substituents of the 2, 5 and 8 position, together with the relative configuration of the 4a and 9b position, influenced the potency of the central nervous system activities. A cis-2-[3-(p-fluorobenzoyl)propyl] analogue (5k) of carbidine (1) possessed not only thymoleptic-like biological activity but had more potent neuroleptic activity than the parent drug.
Modulation of Gamma Ray–Induced Genotoxic Effect by Thymol, a Monoterpene Phenol Derivative of Cymene (2010)

The radioprotective effect of thymol (TOH), a monoterpene phenol, on radiation-induced DNA damage was analyzed in vitro. Chinese hamster lung fibroblast cells (V79) were treated with different concentrations of TOH (0-100 µg/mL) for 1 hour before exposure to 3 Gy gamma irradiation, and then cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus and single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay) assays were used to evaluate the radiation-induced cytogenetic damage and genotoxic effects. Furthermore, the modulating effect of TOH on radiation-induced cell death was assessed by apoptotic and necrotic cell detection by staining with ethidium bromide/acridine orange using fluorescence microscopy. To understand the mechanism of TOH-imparted cytoprotection, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was detected by flow cytometry after staining the cells with Rhodamine 123. Pretreatment of V79 cells with various concentrations of TOH (0-100 µg/mL) for 1 hour reduced the radiation-induced micronuclei as well as percent tail DNA and mean Olive tail moment with a maximum protective effect observed at TOH (25 µg/mL). Apoptosis by microscopic, MMP measurements indicated that the V79 cells exposed to gamma radiation alone showed a maximal increase in the number of early and late apoptotic and necrotic cell death associated with a significant loss of the MMP. Pretreatment with TOH (25 µg/mL) showed a significant (P < .01) decrease in the level of apoptotic fraction as well as necrotic cells and suppressed the radiation-induced collapse of MMP when compared with the radiation alone group. These results suggest that TOH suppresses radiation-induced genotoxicity, apoptosis, and necrosis primarily by the free radical scavenging and modulation of oxidative stress.
Validating GPS software and implications for the future (2002)

An overview of the GPS (global positioning system) is provided. Details are presented on the navigation message that is utilized by GPS user equipment (UE) to provide the user his position, time, and velocity. In order to reduce the adverse impact on GPS users of hosting a new software (S/W) release (OR 5.10) on the operational computer at the Master Control Station System, a multiphased test plan was developed to thoroughly test the S/W end-to-end prior to space vehicle uploads. Test objectives and results are provided for Phase-I test. The Phase-I report has been completed with test results, recommendations, and conclusions. One of the recommendations centered on improving the test configuration such that correlation of upload and UE data could be performed in near real time. A series of options for such a system testbed (STB) were evaluated. For each option, the pros, cons, and rough order of magnitude costs were identified. A potential STB configuration was recommended. It is concluded that no evidence exists to suggest that OR 5.10 will adversely affect the GPS user community with uploads as old as 11 d.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
High Throughput Mass Spectrometry-Based Mutation Profiling of Primary Uveal Melanoma (2012)

Purpose.: We assessed for mutations in a large number of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in primary uveal melanomas using a high-throughput profiling system. Methods.: DNA was extracted and purified from 134 tissue samples from fresh-frozen tissues (n = 87) or formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues (n = 47) from 124 large uveal melanomas that underwent primary treatment by enucleation. DNA was subjected to whole genome amplification and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry-based mutation profiling (>1000 mutations tested across 120 oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes) using the OncoMap3 platform. All candidate mutations, as well as commonly occurring mutations in GNAQ and GNA11, were validated using homogeneous mass extension (hME) technology. Results.: Of 123 samples, 97 (79%, representing 89 unique tumors) were amplified successfully, passed all quality control steps, and were assayed with the OncoMap platform. A total of 58 mutation calls was made for 49 different mutations across 26 different genes in 34/98 (35%) samples. Of 91 tumors that underwent hME validation, 83 (91%) harbored mutations in the GNAQ (47%) or GNA11 (44%) genes, while hME validation revealed two tumors with mutations in EGFR. These additional mutations occurred in tumors that also had mutations in GNAQ or GNA11. Conclusions.: The vast majority of primary large uveal melanomas harbor mutually-exclusive mutations in GNAQ or GNA11, but very rarely have the oncogenic mutations that are reported commonly in other cancers. When present, these other mutations were found in conjunction with GNAQ/GNA11 mutations, suggesting that these other mutations likely are not the primary drivers of oncogenesis in uveal melanoma.
Plating of Copper into Through‐Holes and Vias (1989)

A literature review of plating of copper into through‐holes and blind holes is provided. Emphasis is given to the scientific understanding of various phenomena associated with the processes being discussed. The topics include challenges posed to the plating processes, current state as well as the advantages and disadvantages of electroless and electroplated copper, copper distribution problems in electroplating of through‐holes, and mass transport deficiency in plating vias and masked patterns. Criteria for quantitative evaluation of limitations of plating technology are discussed on the basis of published literature.
PARP‐1/PAR Activity in Cultured Human Lens Epithelial Cells Exposed to Two Levels of UVB Light (2017)

This study investigated poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) activation in cultured human lens epithelial cells exposed to two levels of UVB light (312 nm peak wavelength), 0.014 and 0.14 J cm<sup>-2</sup> ("low" and "high" dose, respectively). At the low dose, PARP-1 and poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) polymers acted to repair DNA strand breaks rapidly with no subsequent major effects on either cell morphology or viability. However, following the high UVB dose, there was a dramatic second phase of PARP-1 activation, 90 min later, which included a sudden reappearance of DNA strand breaks, bursts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation within both the mitochondria and nucleus, a translocation of PAR from the nucleus to the mitochondria and an ultimate 70% loss of cell viability occurring after 24 h. The results provide evidence for an important role for PARP-1 in protecting the human lens epithelium against low levels of UVB light, and possibly participating in the triggering of cell death following exposure to toxic levels of radiation.
Dose effect on the uptake and accumulation of hydroxytyrosol and its metabolites in target tissues in rats (2015)

Hydroxytyrosol (HT) is the most prominent phenolic compound of virgin olive oil and due to its scientifically validated biological activities it is entering to the market as a potentially useful supplement for cardiovascular disease prevention. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between the HT dose intake and its tissue uptake in rats, and thus, providing complementary information in relation to the target-dose relationship. Rats were given a refined olive oil enriched with HT at different doses (1, 10, and 100 mg/kg) and they were sacrificed after 5 h to ensure the cell tissue uptake of HT and its metabolites. Plasma samples and different organs as liver, kidney, heart and brain were obtained, and HT metabolites were analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS. The results showed that HT and its metabolites could be accumulated in a dose-dependent manner basically in the liver, kidney, and brain and were detected in these tissues even at nutritionally relevant human doses. The detection of free HT in liver and kidney was noteworthy. To date, this appears to be the only biologically active form, and thus, it provides relevant information for optimizing the potential applications of HT to prevent certain hepatic and renal diseases. In recent years, HT and its derivatives have led to a great interest from the virgin olive oil producers and manufacturers of nutraceutical supplements. The increasing interest in HT is mainly due to the European Food Safety Agency (EFSA) Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition, and Allergies (NDA) scientific opinion that established a cause-and-effect relationship between the consumption of olive oil polyphenols and protection of LDL particles from oxidative damage . Based on this positive opinion, the health claim "Olive oil polyphenols contribute to the protection of blood lipids from oxidative stress" was included in the list of health claims , being the only authorized health claim in the European Union regarding polyphenols and health.
Simultaneous Multiwavelength Observations of the Blazar 1ES 1959+650 at a Low TeV Flux (2008)

We present the results from a multiwavelength campaign on the TeV blazar 1ES 1959+650, performed in 2006 May. Data from the optical, UV, soft-and hard-X-ray, and very high energy (VHE) gamma-ray (E > 100 GeV) bands were obtained with the Suzaku and Swift satellites, the MAGIC telescope, and other ground-based facilities. The source spectral energy distribution (SED), derived from Suzaku and MAGIC observations at the end of 2006 May, shows the usual double hump shape, with the synchrotron peak at a higher flux level than the Compton peak. With respect to historical values, during our campaign the source exhibited a relatively high state in X-rays and optical, while in the VHE band it was at one of the lowest level so far recorded. We also monitored the source for flux spectral variability on a time window of 10 days in the optical-UVand X-ray bands and 7 days in the VHE band. The source varies more in the X-ray than in the optical band, with the 2Y10 keV X-ray flux varying by a factor of $2. The synchrotron peak is located in the X-ray band and moves to higher energies as the source gets brighter, with the X-ray fluxes above it varying more rapidly than the X-ray fluxes at lower energies. The variability behavior observed in the X-ray band cannot be
Investigation of Viscoelastic Properties of Amorphous Selenium near Glass Transition Using Depth‐Sensing Indentation (2004)

Abstract New procedures involving depth‐sensing indentation are used to measure the submicron scale elastic modulus, hardness, viscosity, and activation energy and volume for creep of amorphous selenium below glass transition. The accurate measurement of Young's modulus in a highly viscoelastic situation using depth‐sensing indentation remains a challenge, and a creep correction procedure is employed here to measure the modulus. The measured Young's modulus exhibits a strong decreasing trend from ∼10 GPa to 4.4 GPa as temperature increases from ∼302 K to 309 K, in reasonably good agreement with bulk behavior. Two new procedures are also proposed here to measure the viscosity. The measured shear viscosity decreases from ∼1×1012 Pa‐s to ∼2×1010 Pa‐s when the temperature increases over the same range, and the variation with temperature is found to obey an Arrehnius rate equation. The activation energy for the viscous creep process is found to be ∼463 kJ/mol. Both the viscosity and the activation energy are lower than the bulk values, and this is thought to be due to the much higher stress levels of over 200 MPa involved in the nanoindentation experiments here. The apparent activation volume exhibits a rising trend from 1.04×10−31 to 2.35×10−30 m3 over the same temperature range.
A D-band tuner for in-situ noise and power characterization in BiCMOS 55 nm (2017)

International audience
Transcriptomic analysis of thermotolerant yeastKluyveromyces marxianusin multiple inhibitors tolerance (2018)

During pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass, toxic compounds were released and inhibited the growth and fermentation of microorganisms. Here the global transcriptional response of <i>K. marxianus</i> to multiple inhibitors including acetic acid, phenols, furfural and HMF, at 42 °C, was studied, <i>via</i> RNA-seq technology. Genes involved in the glycolysis pathway, fatty acid metabolism, ergosterol metabolism and vitamin B6 and B1 metabolic process were enriched in the down-regulated gene set, while genes involved in TCA cycle, respiratory chain, ROS detoxification and transporter coding genes were enriched in the up-regulated gene set in response to the multiple inhibitors stress. Further real time-PCR results with three single inhibitor stress conditions showed that different transporters responded quite differently to different inhibitor stress. Coenzyme assay results showed that the level of NAD<sup>+</sup> was increased and both NADH/NAD<sup>+</sup> and NADPH/NADP<sup>+</sup> ratio decreased. Furthermore, genes involved with transcription factors related to carbohydrate metabolism, sulfur amino acids metabolism, lipid metabolism or those directly involved in the transcriptional process were significantly regulated. Though belonging to different GO categories or KEGG pathway, many differentially expressed genes were enriched in maintaining the redox balance, NAD(P)<sup>+</sup>/NAD(P)H homeostasis or NAD<sup>+</sup> synthesis, energy production, and iron transportation or metabolism. These results suggest that engineering these aspects represents a possible strategy to develop more robust strains for industrial fermentation from cellulosic biomass.
On the sphere-decoding algorithm II. Generalizations, second-order statistics, and applications to communications (2005)

In Part I, we found a closed-form expression for the expected complexity of the sphere-decoding algorithm, both for the infinite and finite lattice. We continue the discussion in this paper by generalizing the results to the complex version of the problem and using the expected complexity expressions to determine situations where sphere decoding is practically feasible. In particular, we consider applications of sphere decoding to detection in multiantenna systems. We show that, for a wide range of signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs), rates, and numbers of antennas, the expected complexity is polynomial, in fact, often roughly cubic. Since many communications systems operate at noise levels for which the expected complexity turns out to be polynomial, this suggests that maximum-likelihood decoding, which was hitherto thought to be computationally intractable, can, in fact, be implemented in real-time-a result with many practical implications. To provide complexity information beyond the mean, we derive a closed-form expression for the variance of the complexity of sphere-decoding algorithm in a finite lattice. Furthermore, we consider the expected complexity of sphere decoding for channels with memory, where the lattice-generating matrix has a special Toeplitz structure. Results indicate that the expected complexity in this case is, too, polynomial over a wide range of SNRs, rates, data blocks, and channel impulse response lengths.
Bending Losses in all Solid 2D Photonic Band-Gap Fibers: A limiting Factor? (2006)

Bending losses are investigated experimentally and numerically in a solid-core bandgap fiber with parabolic refractive index inclusions. Previous record of 20 dB/km is reduced to 6 dB/km by increasing the fiber bend radius.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Hydrogenation of α‐Amino‐β‐keto Ester Hydrochlorides Using Homogeneous Chiral Nickel‐Bisphosphine Complexes Through DKR. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Parallelizing a DNA simulation code for the Cray MTA-2 (2003)

The Cray MTA-2 (Multithreaded Architecture) is an unusual parallel supercomputer that promises ease of use and high performance. We describe our experience on the MTA-2 with a molecular dynamics code, SIMU-MD, that we are using to simulate the translocation of DNA through a nanopore in a silicon based ultrafast sequencer. Our sequencer is constructed using standard VLSI technology and consists of a nanopore surrounded by Field Effect Transistors (FETs). We propose to use the FETs to sense variations in charge as a DNA molecule translocates through the pore and thus differentiate between the four building block nucleotides of DNA. We were able to port SIMU-MD, a serial C code, to the MTA with only a modest effort and with good performance. Our porting process needed neither a parallelism support platform nor attention to the intimate details of parallel programming and interprocessor communication, as would have been the case with more conventional supercomputers.
Epithelial and stromal remodelling following femtosecond laser–assisted stromal lenticule addition keratoplasty (SLAK) for keratoconus (2021)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate corneal epithelium and stromal remodelling with anterior segment optical coherence tomography in patients who have undergone stromal lenticule addition keratoplasty (SLAK) for advanced keratoconus. This was a prospective non-comparative observational study. Fifteen eyes of 15 patients with advanced keratoconus underwent implantation with a cadaveric, donor negative meniscus-shaped intrastromal lenticule, produced with a femtosecond laser, into a stromal pocket dissected in the recipient cornea at a depth of 120 μm. Simulated keratometry, central corneal thickness (CTT), corneal thinnest point (CTP), central epithelial thickness (CET), central and peripheral lenticule thickness, anterior and posterior stromal thickness were measured. Regional central corneal epithelial thickness (CET) and variations in the inner annular area (IAT) and outer annular area (OAT) were also analysed. All parameters were measured preoperatively and 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively. The average anterior Sim-k decreased from 59.63 ± 7.58 preoperatively to 57.19 ± 6.33 D 6 months postoperatively. CCT, CTP, CET, and OAT increased and IAT decreased significantly after 1 month. All parameters appeared unchanged at 6-months except that of OAT that further increased. Lenticule thickness was stable. In conclusion we observed that SLAK reshapes the cornea by central flattening with stromal thickening and epithelial thickness restoration.
Untersuchungen zur Halligkeit von zeitvarianten synthetischen und natürlichen Schallen (2001)

We report a case of nodular fasciitis of the breast, which is a rare histological type of breast tumor. A 41-year-old woman had noticed a mass in her right breast. The mass was elastic-hard, 15 mm x 15 mm in size, and located mainly in the upper outer quadrant of the right breast. Mammography demonstrated an oval dense mass with spiculation. Ultrasonography revealed a hypoechoic lesion, 8 mm x 10 mm in size. Fine needle aspiration cytology and core needle biopsy showed no evidence of malignancy. Excisional biopsy was performed. The tumor was characterized by a proliferation of fibroblastic cells. Histologically, the excised tumor was consistent with nodular fasciitis of the breast. Nodular fasciitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a mass suspicious for breast cancer.
Molecular genetics of age-related macular degeneration (2001)

The numerous conditions that clinicians group under the term 'age-related macular degeneration' (AMD) are collectively the most common cause of severe visual loss in the developed world. Moreover, the number of people affected by these diseases is expected to nearly double in the next 25 years. A growing body of data suggests that a large fraction of AMD is caused by genetic factors. As a result, numerous investigators have sought genes that contribute to this disorder. At least six genes have now been identified that cause heritable macular disease, but none of these seem to cause even a moderate fraction of AMD. Affected pedigree member studies suggest that some regions of the genome do harbor AMD predisposing genes, but none have yet been identified by this approach. Studies of human donor tissue have yielded important new insights into pathways associated with AMD. These studies, when combined with the power of genetic approaches, are likely to ultimately reveal a set of genes responsible for a sizeable fraction of AMD.
Plug-and-play application platform (2004)

While peer-to-peer (P2P) has emerged as a new hot communication concept among the Internet users, mobile usage of P2P applications is still taking its first steps. This article first elaborates the evolutionary process that P2P architectures are going through. Challenges and requirements for mobile P2P are then identified, followed by a definition of a novel Plug-and-Play Application Platform (PnPAP). This platform enables dynamic selections between diverse P2P and session management protocols while preserving the best available network connectivity through Holistic Connectivity (HCon) management. On-the-fly reconfiguration and run-time parameter optimization can be done with a lightweight interpretable state machine. The concept enables flexible and seamless communications for mobile devices in P2P networks.
Effect of Casting Parameters on Roll Separation Force during Twin Roll Casting (2014)

A two-dimensional finite element analysis was adopted to predict temperature distribution and roll separation force during twin roll casting of A7075 aluminum alloy strip. The influence of various parameters such as roll speed, initial temperature of the melt and heat transfer coefficient on temperature distribution and roll separation force was investigated in detail. The results were useful to comprehensively understand the casting process and to effectively reduce the experimental trial-and-error procedures of twin roll casting process.
18F Labeling of Arenes (2012)

Molecular imaging has witnessed an upsurge in growth, with positron emission tomography leading the way. This trend has encouraged numerous synthetic chemists to enter the field of (18) F-radiochemistry and provide generic solutions to address the well-recognized challenges of late-stage fluorination. This Minireview focuses on recent developments in the (18)F-labeling of aromatic substrates.
Biradical Formation by Deprotonation in Thiazole-Derivatives: The Hidden Nature of Dasatinib (2019)

The formation of stable organic biradicals by a deprotonation process is reported for a series of conjugated heterocycles that share a Ph-N(H)-2-thiazole structural motif. We characterise the paramagnetic electronic ground state by means of continuous-wave and pulse EPR. We propose a simple valence bond mechanism for a deprotonation-induced formation of paramagnetic organic molecules, based on the interplay between the electronegativity of heteroatomic groups and the recovery of aromaticity to stabilise the biradical species. The Ph-N(H)-2-thiazole motif is found in a variety of biologically active molecules, exemplified here with the anticancer drug Dasatinib, and our results suggest a radical-based mechanism for the protein kinase inhibition activity of the drug. The existence of this structure-property relationship for an elementary chemical motif suggests that biradical species may be more prevalent than previously thought and have an important role in bioorganic chemistry.