gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Battle for Filter Supremacy: A Comparative Study of the Multi-State Constraint Kalman Filter and the Sliding Window Filter (2015)

Accurate and consistent ego motion estimation is a critical component of autonomous navigation. For this task, the combination of visual and inertial sensors is an inexpensive, compact, and complementary hardware suite that can be used on many types of vehicles. In this work, we compare two modern approaches to ego motion estimation: the Multi-State Constraint Kalman Filter (MSCKF) and the Sliding Window Filter (SWF). Both filters use an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) to estimate the motion of a vehicle and then correct this estimate with observations of salient features from a monocular camera. While the SWF estimates feature positions as part of the filter state itself, the MSCKF optimizes feature positions in a separate procedure without including them in the filter state. We present experimental characterizations and comparisons of the MSCKF and SWF on data from a moving hand-held sensor rig, as well as several traverses from the KITTI dataset. In particular, we compare the accuracy and consistency of the two filters, and analyze the effect of feature track length and feature density on the performance of each filter. In general, our results show the SWF to be more accurate and less sensitive to tuning parameters than the MSCKF. However, the MSCKF is computationally cheaper, has good consistency properties, and improves in accuracy as more features are tracked.
Effect of Added Tricalcium Phosphate on Basic Properties of Apatite Cement (2007)

Effect of added α-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP) and β-TCP was investigated to understand the setting reaction of apatite cement consisting of tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP) and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA). Addition of TCP delayed the initial setting time because TCP was not involved in the initial setting reaction and resulted in the decreased initial mechanical strength. After the initial setting of the cement due to the conversion of TTCP and DCPA into apatite, α-TCP dissolved to supply calcium and phosphate ions and they were consumed for crystal growth of apatite. Therefore, mechanical strength of the apatite cement containing α-TCP was increased. In contrast, added β-TCP showed no reactivity in the cement and thus result in the decreased mechanical strength.
Functional and Structural Characterization of Novel Type of Linker Connecting Capsid and Nucleocapsid Protein Domains in Murine Leukemia Virus (2016)

The assembly of immature retroviral particles is initiated in the cytoplasm by the binding of the structural polyprotein precursor Gag with viral genomic RNA. The protein interactions necessary for assembly are mediated predominantly by the capsid (CA) and nucleocapsid (NC) domains, which have conserved structures. In contrast, the structural arrangement of the CA-NC connecting region differs between retroviral species. In HIV-1 and Rous sarcoma virus, this region forms a rod-like structure that separates the CA and NC domains, whereas in Mason-Pfizer monkey virus, this region is densely packed, thus holding the CA and NC domains in close proximity. Interestingly, the sequence connecting the CA and NC domains in gammaretroviruses, such as murine leukemia virus (MLV), is unique. The sequence is called a charged assembly helix (CAH) due to a high number of positively and negatively charged residues. Although both computational and deletion analyses suggested that the MLV CAH forms a helical conformation, no structural or biochemical data supporting this hypothesis have been published. Using an in vitro assembly assay, alanine scanning mutagenesis, and biophysical techniques (circular dichroism, NMR, microcalorimetry, and electrophoretic mobility shift assay), we have characterized the structure and function of the MLV CAH. We provide experimental evidence that the MLV CAH belongs to a group of charged, E(R/K)-rich, single α-helices. This is the first single α-helix motif identified in viral proteins.
Poisson factorization for peer-based anomaly detection (2016)

Anomaly detection systems are a promising tool to identify compromised user credentials and malicious insiders in enterprise networks. Most existing approaches for modelling user behaviour rely on either independent observations for each user or on pre-defined user peer groups. A method is proposed based on recommender system algorithms to learn overlapping user peer groups and to use this learned structure to detect anomalous activity. Results analysing the authentication and process-running activities of thousands of users show that the proposed method can detect compromised user accounts during a red team exercise.
The Electrical Surge Testing Instrument for Electronic Equipment Based on FPGA (2011)

This paper introduces a completely new electrical surge testing table for the device on car.This table which is based on traditional RC charge and discharge circuit taking FPGA as the control core and relay as the electrical isolation device controls the switches through the rigorous timing to finish charge and discharge in order to simulate electrical surge.
What shadows reveal about object structure (2001)

In a scene observed from a fixed viewpoint, the set of shadow boundaries in an image changes as a point light source (nearby or at infinity) assumes different locations. We show that for any finite set of point light sources illuminating an object viewed under either orthographic or perspective projection, there is an equivalence class of object shapes having the same set of shadows. Members of this equivalence class differ by a four-parameter family of projective transformations, and the shadows of a transformed object are identical when the same transformation is applied to the light source locations. Under orthographic projection, this family is the generalized bas-relief (GBR) transformation, and we show that the GBR transformation is the only family of transformations of an object's shape for which the complete set of imaged shadows is identical. Finally, we show that given multiple images under differing and unknown light source directions, it is possible to reconstruct both an object's surface and the light source locations up to this family of transformations from the shadows alone.
Mechanisms for LTE coexistence in TV white space (2012)

This paper presents a high level description of an LTE system operating in license exempt bands. Since wireless networks potentially using different air interfaces may operate in these bands, coexistence is a challenge that needs to be addressed. This paper focuses on non-coordinated mechanisms for secondary users coexistence, and introduces a coexistence gap based method for LTE to dynamically share the spectrum with other secondary users. A simulation based analysis of the coexistence gap method is presented, and the results are compared with an energy based sensing channel access method.
Plasma-etching processes for ULSI semiconductor circuits (1999)

An overview is presented of plasma-etching processes used in the fabrication of ULSI (ultralarge-scale integrated) semiconductor circuits, with emphasis on work in our facilities. Such circuits contain structures having minimum pattern widths of 0.25 µm and less. Challenges in plasma etching in evolving to such dimensions have come from the implementation of antireflective coatings and thinner, more etch-sensitive photoresists; the increased aspect ratios needed to meet design requirements; the additional hard-mask etching steps needed at levels at which lithography is unsuitable for patterning; and increased selectivity requirements, such as the requirement that contact structures be self-aligning. Future circuit density and performance requirements dictate tighter specifications for linewidth variations permitted across a wafer, microloading effects, and device damage. As a result, plasma-etching systems for critical levels are migrating from traditional multifilm, capacitively coupled low-density-plasma systems to medium- and high-density-plasma systems employing exotic or highly polymerizing chemical species specifically designed for one type of film.
Organic Sol–Gel Synthesis: Solution‐Processable Microporous Organic Networks (2010)

Concentration is critical: Amine/isocyanate polycondensation below the critical gelation concentration cg affords a sol of growing microporous molecular-network nanoparticles rather than a gelated network (see picture, for model of particle: NCO red, NH2 blue, tetrahedral cross-link point gray). Further growth to form monolithic networks occurs on solvent evaporation, analogous to sol–gel synthesis of inorganic oxide networks. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
A magnetic graphene hybrid functionalized with beta-cyclodextrins for fast and efficient removal of organic dyes (2014)

A β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) functionalized magnetic graphene hybrid (mGO-β-CD) has been prepared and its application as an adsorbent for the removal of organic dyes has been investigated. Magnetic graphene hybrids (mGOs) were first synthesized via a chemical precipitation method, and then β-CDs were applied to further functionalize the resultant mGO hybrid. The results demonstrate that the as-prepared mGO-β-CD hybrid exhibits greatly enhanced adsorption performance in water. Acid fuchsin and Rhodamine 6G, the typical dye pollutants, can be effectively removed from their solutions by the mGO-β-CD hybrid. The maximum adsorption capability of the mGO-β-CD hybrid is several times, even hundreds of times higher than that of the reported carbonaceous materials. Moreover, ca. 90% of the dye removal efficiency can be retained after six adsorption–desorption cycles. In addition, the mGO-β-CD hybrid exhibits negligible toxicity toward the normal cells. Conclusively, the resultant mGO-β-CD hybrid proves to be a magnetically separable, efficient and non-toxic adsorbent for dye removal.
An Initial Evaluation of a Commercial Weight Loss Program: Short‐Term Effects on Weight, Eating Behavior, and Mood (1999)

Although the present study's intervention and outcome assessments were short-term, the promising results obtained suggest that longer term studies should be undertaken.
Fundamental study of reduction graphene oxide by sodium borohydride for gas sensor application (2017)

The efficient reduction of graphene oxide (rGO) was performed using Sodium Borohydride (NaBH4). These reduction approaches remove the majority of the oxygen-containing functional groups at the basal plane and surface of graphene oxide sheets. Structural and physiochemical properties of the GO were investigated with help of Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Ultraviolet-Visible-Near infrared (UV-Vis-NIR). The effects of the chemical reduction on a GO surface were analyzed using a Semiconductor Parameter Analyzer (SPA) in order to obtain the electrical resistance measurement. It was found that the resistance of reduced graphene oxide was greatly reduced when compared to the condition of before reduction process. Then, the formation of uniform thin film of rGO sheets was produced using vacuum filtration method in order to fabricate a gas sensor. In this project, plastic was used as a substrate. The sensor was then being exposed to NO2 gas at room temperature in order to demonstrate the sensing ability of rGO.
Morphological analysis of subchondral talar cysts on microCT (2013)

The morphological findings that we found are only compatible with the previously reported simulation results of cyst growth in response to pressurized fluid, or pressurized fluid in combination with osteocyte death. It is therefore most likely that pressurized fluid plays a role in the pathoaetiology of cyst growth. A better understanding of cyst growth may improve treatment and prevent further cyst formation.
The N/R one time password system (2005)

A new one time password system is described which is secure against eavesdropping and server database compromise at the same time. Traditionally, these properties have proven to be difficult to satisfy at the same time and only one previous scheme i.e. Lamport hashes also called S/KEY one time password system has claimed to achieve that. Lamport hashes however have a limitation that they are computationally intensive for the client and the number of times a client may login before the system should be re-initialized is small. We address these limitations to come up with a new scheme called the N/R one time password system. The basic idea is have the server aid the client computation by inserting 'breakpoints' in the hash chains. Client computational requirements are dramatically reduced without any increase in the server computational requirements and the number of times a client may login before the system has to be reinitialized is also increased significantly. The system is particularly suited for mobile and constrained devices having limited computational power.
Multidrug-eluting bi-layered microparticle-mesh scaffolds for musculoskeletal tissue regeneration (2018)

Stem cell-based tissue engineering necessitates the development of a biocompatible scaffold, as a structural support, that provides a continuous supply of bioactive molecules for specific lineage differentiation. While incorporating bioactive molecules within a scaffold to improve stem cell differentiation has been reported in the literature, there is minimal evidence of any scaffold that can deliver a customized concoction of both hydrophobic and hydrophilic bioactive molecules to induce in situ lineage differentiation without any external supplements. In this study, we established a bioactive, drug-eluting bi-layered microparticle-mesh scaffold (BMMS) using the electrospinning technique. This BMMS was co-encapsulated with hydrophobic dexamethasone (in the mesh), hydrophilic ascorbic acid and β-glycerophosphate or proline (in the microparticles). We hypothesized that a sustained-releasing BMMS can direct in situ specific lineage differentiation of MSCs (e.g. osteogenic and chondrogenic) in a minimally supplemented culture environment into musculoskeletal tissues. The characterization of this BMMS revealed good encapsulation efficiencies of the bioactive molecules with sustained-releasing capabilities. The release kinetics of each drug was further analyzed using mathematical drug-releasing models. These scaffolds were subsequently shown to have potential for osteogenic or chondrogenic lineage differentiation from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in a minimally supplemented culture medium.
A multi-spot exploration of the topological structures of the reconstructed phase-space for the detection of cardiac murmurs (2015)

Acoustic heart signals are generated by a turbulence effect created when the heart valves snap shut, and therefore carrying significant information of the underlying functionality of the cardiovascular system. In this paper, we present a method for heart murmur classification divided into three major steps: a) features are extracted from the heart sound; b) features are selected using a Backward Feature Selection algorithm; c) signals are classified using a K-nearest neighbor's classifier. A new set of fractal features are proposed, which are based on the distinct signatures of complexity and self-similarity registered on the normal and pathogenic cases. The experimental results show that fractal features are the most capable of describing the non-linear structure and the underlying dynamics of heart sounds among the all feature families tested. The classification results achieved for the mitral auscultation spot (88% of accuracy) are in agreement with the current state of the art methods for heart murmur classification.
Preparation of multifunctional coating materials and their applications (2003)

Sol-gel technique has been utilized for the fabrication of multifunctional inorganic-organic hybrid materials for specific applications. Synthesized methacrylic acid and benzoylacetone modified tin alkoxide precursors were used for the first time for the realization of directly UV-photopatternable antimony-doped tin dioxide coatings. These single-layered coatings have transmission values over 80 % at visible wavelengths and maximum electrical conductivity values around 15 S/cm. In comparison, multi-layered coatings without UV-photopatternability properties were fabricated. In this case, electrical conductivities are in the range of 10 S/cm. A novel material technique approach for laser protective eyewear was utilized for the synthesis and preparation of the mechanically tolerant and near-infrared absorbing filter coatings. Optical densities from 2 to 4 at laser threat wavelength, a ten fold increase in scratch resistance, and a hundred-fold increase in abrasion resistance, compared to uncoated polycarbonate substrates, were obtained by using absorbing dye-molecule doped sol-gel materials. Fabrication of a diffractive optical element, namely axicon, using hybrid-glass materials was demonstrated for the first time. Hybrid-glass material was tailored to fulfill the requirements of the functional axicon element.
Fragment Screening Hit Draws Attention to a Novel Transient Pocket Adjacent to the Recognition Site of the tRNA-Modifying Enzyme TGT (2020)

Fragment-based lead discovery was applied to tRNA-guanine transglycosylase, an enzyme modifying post-transcriptionally tRNAs in <i>Shigella</i>, the causative agent of shigellosis. TGT inhibition prevents translation of <i>Shigella</i>'s virulence factor VirF, hence reducing pathogenicity. One discovered fragment opens a transient subpocket in the preQ<sub>1</sub>-recognition site by pushing back an aspartate residue. This step is associated with reorganization of further amino acids structurally transforming a loop adjacent to the recognition site by duplicating the volume of the preQ<sub>1</sub>-recognition pocket. We synthesized 6-carboxamido-, 6-hydrazido-, and 4-guanidino-benzimidazoles to target the opened pocket, including a dihydro-imidazoquinazoline with a propyn-1-yl exit vector pointing into the transient pocket and displacing a conserved water network. MD simulations and hydration-site analysis suggest water displacement to contribute favorably to ligand binding. A cysteine residue, exclusively present in bacterial TGTs, serves as gatekeeper of the transient subpocket. It becomes accessible upon pocket opening for selective covalent attachment of electrophilic ligands in eubacterial TGTs.
Ferroelectric Phase Transition in BaTiO3Films (1993)

Films of BaTiO 3 single crystals with the thicknesses of 100 Å, 1000 Å and 4000 Å were grown on Pt/MgO (Pt for electric nodes, MgO for substrates) by means of the activated reactive evaporation technique. X-ray diffraction patterns were measured to clarify properties such as the temperature dependence of lattice parameters. It was found that the temperature dependences of lattice parameters and integrated intensities of Bragg reflections showed different behavior which depends on the film thickness. The relative dielectric constant ε r and remnant polarization P r were measured in order to investigate the dielectric properties of the films. Film crystals of BaTiO 3 with the thickness of 4000 Å showed phase transitions different from these in the bulk state because of the effect of the substrate.
Spontaneous Vesicle Formation of an Industrial Single‐Chain Surfactant at Acidic pH and at Room‐Temperature (2006)

Phase diagram: An anionic surfactant, Na+C12(EO)4—5OCH2COO−, that spontaneously forms vesicles at room temperature and at slightly acidic pH values is discussed. The picture shows the pseudo-ternary phase diagram of the system Na+C12(EO)4–5OCH2COO−–C12(EO)4–5OCH2 COOH–water.
ESD evaluation of radiation-hardened, high-reliability CMOS and MNOS ICs (1983)

Standard human-body-equivalent circuit electrostatic discharge (ESD) tests were performed on the inputs of high-reliability, radiation-hardened integrated circuits (ICs) designed with seven different technologies. Metal and silicon gate complementary MOS (CMOS) and metal-nitride-oxide-semiconductor (MNOS) ICs with design rules ranging from 10 microns down to 2 microns were evaluated. The ESD hardness of these ICs ranged from 1 kV to greater than 9 kV. The low-range ESD hardness ICs were fabricated with a masking polysilicon ring that defined the input protection diodes. Tests on commercial equivalent ICs demonstrated that the ESD hardness of the radiation-hardened ICs was not significantly less than the ESD hardness of the commercial equivalent ICs. The failure modes and mechanisms of the ICs were evaluated. Most of the ICs that did not have the masking polysilicon ring failed because of input to V/sub DD/ or V/sub SS/ shorts due to degraded protection diodes. ESD tests with the pulse applied between the package metal lid and the package pins were also performed. These lid tests produced permanent input damage, the same as occurred during tests with the pulse applied to the package input, but the damage occurred at lower voltages. ESD pulses with peak voltages as low as 250more » volts produced arcs from the lid to the input bond wires, resulting in degraded inputs.« less
Consumer behaviour of pre-teen and teenage youth in China (2013)

The purpose of this study is to investigate how age, gender, information sources and parent-child communication may influence Chinese pre-teen (9–12 years old) and teenage (13–18 years old) shopping behaviour. A quantitative research method and a self-administered questionnaire was employed to measure the significance of clothing evaluative cues, parent-child communication and shopping behaviour of pre-teens and teens in the People's Republic of China. In total, 273 usable data were collected for this study. It is evident that peer influence was considered by respondents as an important information source, followed by store displays. Parent–child communication also played an important role on clothing consumption. In order to meet the needs and aspirations of these young consumers, fashion designers should pay attention to material selection and usage. In addition, fashion retailers should focus on the visual and experiential aspects of the store environment in order to build a stronger connection and resonance with these young consumer groups.