gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear theory of harmonic peniotron and gyrotron interactions in a rising-sun slotted waveguide (1994)

A fully three-dimensional nonlinear theory is presented for the generation of harmonic peniotron and gyrotron radiation from a gyrating electron beam propagating through a multistage rising-sun type slotted waveguide. For an axisymmetric beam, a strong peniotron interaction is present if the dominant azimuthal mode index, l, of the waveguide modes is equal to s=l-1 where s is the cyclotron harmonic number and the gyrotron interaction is strong when l=s. Numerical results are shown for a two-stage, six-vane rising-sun circuit to illustrate the stable and efficient operation of the second harmonic peniotron in the /spl pi/-mode (TE/sub 31/-like). The modes competing with the gyropeniotron amplification mechanism are suppressed in the two-stage rising-sun configuration. Simulations show that second harmonic gyropeniotron amplifier in the /spl pi/-mode can operate at an efficiency of 45% with a 70-kV, 3-A beam having a velocity ratio 1.4, an axial velocity spread of 4%, and a guiding center spread of 4% in the presence of a guide magnetic field 2% below grazing. The instantaneous bandwidth of the amplifier is 4.6%. Since the spent beam is nearly monoenergetic, extremely high efficiency in excess of 70% could be achieved by using a single stage depressed collector to recover energy from the beam.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Assembly instruction level reverse execution for debugging (2004)

Assembly instruction level reverse execution provides a programmer with the ability to return a program to a previous state in its execution history via execution of a "reverse program." The ability to execute a program in reverse is advantageous for shortening software development time. Conventional techniques for recovering a state rely on saving the state into a record before the state is destroyed. However, state-saving causes significant memory and time overheads during forward execution.The proposed method introduces a reverse execution methodology at the assembly instruction level with low memory and time overheads. The methodology generates, from a program, a reverse program by which a destroyed state is almost always regenerated rather than being restored from a record. This significantly reduces state-saving.The methodology has been implemented on a PowerPC processor with a custom made debugger. As compared to previous work, all of which heavily use state-saving techniques, the experimental results show from 2X to 2206X reduction in run-time memory usage, from 1.5X to 403X reduction in forward execution time overhead and from 1.2X to 2.32X reduction in forward execution time for the tested benchmarks. Furthermore, due to the reduction in memory usage, our method can provide reverse execution in many cases where other methods run out of available memory. However, for cases where there is enough memory available, our method results in 1.16X to 1.89X slow down in reverse execution.
Measuring complexity using FuzzyEn, ApEn, and SampEn (2008)

This paper compares three related measures of complexity, ApEn, SampEn, and FuzzyEn. Since vectors' similarity is defined on the basis of the hard and sensitive boundary of Heaviside function in ApEn and SampEn, the two families of statistics show high sensitivity to the parameter selection and may be invalid in case of small parameter. Importing the concept of fuzzy sets, we developed a new measure FuzzyEn, where vectors' similarity is defined by fuzzy similarity degree based on fuzzy membership functions and vectors' shapes. The soft and continuous boundaries of fuzzy functions ensure the continuity as well as the validity of FuzzyEn at small parameters. The more details obtained by fuzzy functions also make FuzzyEn a more accurate entropy definition than ApEn and SampEn. In addition, similarity definition based on vectors' shapes, together with the exclusion of self-matches, earns FuzzyEn stronger relative consistency and less dependence on data length. Both theoretical analysis and experimental results show that FuzzyEn provides an improved evaluation of signal complexity and can be more conveniently and powerfully applied to short time series contaminated by noise.
Exposure risks and ineffectiveness of total release foggers (TRFs) used for cockroach control in residential settings (2019)

The high risks of pesticide exposure associated with TRFs combined with their ineffectiveness in controlling German cockroach infestations call into question their utility in the marketplace, especially because similarly priced and much safer bait products are highly effective in the indoor environment.
Hepatic Encephalopathy and Benzodiazepine Receptor Ligands (1989)

Benzodiazepine (BZ) receptor ligands interact with specific binding sites on the GABAA receptor/chloride channel complex on neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) (1) (Figure 1). Such ligands could contribute to or ameliorate hepatic encephalopathy (HE) if the supra-molecular complex itself is involved in this syndrome. The complex includes distinct receptors for BZ ligands and GABA, and a chloride ionophore on which there are binding sites for barbiturates and cage convulsants, such as Picrotoxin. Activation of the effector component of this complex, the chloride channel, is mediated by the binding of GABA to its receptor and is potentiated by the binding of a BZ agonist or a barbiturate to discrete loci on the complex. Activation induces conformational changes in the complex which result in opening of the chloride channel and hyperpolarization of the neuron (1) (Figure 1). This GABA-gated chloride ion conductance is the basis of GABA-mediated inhibitory neurotransmission or “GABAergic tone.”
Expression of the Escherichia coli pcnB gene is translationally limited using an inefficient start codon: a second chromosomal example of translation initiated at AUU (2002)

Expression of the gene pcnB, encoding the dispensable Escherichia coli poly(A) polymerase (PAPI), which is toxic when overproduced, was investigated. Its promoter was identified and found to be moderately strong when used to express a beta-galactosidase reporter. Expression levels were not affected by increasing or decreasing PcnB concentration. Translation of pcnB was found to initiate from the non-canonical initiation codon AUU. The only other coli gene reported to use AUU as initiation codon is infC, which encodes the initiation factor IF-3. AUU, in common with other rarely used initiation codons, is discriminated against by IF-3, resulting in the aborting of most AUU-promoted initiation events. This enables AUU to form part of an autoregulatory circuit controlling IF-3 production. We show that InfC discrimination reduces PcnB production fivefold. This is the first instance of this mechanism being used to limit severely the production of a potentially toxic product.
Hydrodynamic Delivery of Human IL-15 cDNA Increases Murine Natural Killer Cell Recovery after Syngeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation (2011)

Immune deficiency immediately following bone marrow transplantation (BMT) increases susceptibility to opportunistic infections as well as tumor relapse. Natural Killer (NK) cells play important roles in the resistance to virally infected and transformed cells. Interleukin (IL)-15 has been shown to be essential for NK cell development and survival. We administered human (h) IL-15 cDNA (pIL-15) via hydrodynamic delivery to murine recipients undergoing congenic BMT to determine its effects on NK cell reconstitution. Hydrodynamic pIL-15 delivery resulted in high levels of hIL-15 protein in the serum that lasted for several days and then quickly declined. The appearance of hIL-15 was followed by a significant increase of mature donor-derived NK cells within the bone marrow, spleens, and livers of the treated recipients. No accumulation of immature NK cell progenitors was observed. The NK cells from IL-15-treated recipients displayed an activated phenotype and were lytically active toward tumor targets in vitro to a similar degree as did those cells from recipients treated with control plasmid. This suggests that the predominant effect of IL-15 was a quantitative increase in total NK cell numbers and not qualitative changes in NK cell functions. No toxicities or adverse effects were observed. Studies performed in transplanted mice bearing renal carcinoma tumors demonstrated that this mode of hIL-15 gene delivery resulted in increased antitumor responses. These results support the use of cytokine gene transfer-based regimens as a platform to augment NK cell recovery after BMT.
The Placebo Response in the Treatment of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2005)

In contrast with the conventional wisdom, the placebo response in CFS is low. Psychological-psychiatric interventions were shown to have a lower placebo response, perhaps linked to patient expectations.
Time-Efficient Multiple-Stage Spectrum Sensing for Cognitive Radio Systems (2012)

To opportunistically use the licensed band, spectrum sensing has a vital role as the core component in cognitive radio systems. However, the accurate detection of the primary signal is always accompanied by significant overhead, reducing the secondary throughput. In this letter, we suggest remedying this problem by adopting multiple-stage spectrum sensing (MSS) technique. Furthermore, we investigate how our proposed MSS can be incorporated into the collaborative spectrum sensing. Our results are encouraging in that the proposed MSS with collaboration significantly reduces the sensing time compared to the conventional sensing scheme.
Rare-earth-doped transparent glass ceramics (2002)

Glass ceramics are a known class of polycrystalline ceramic materials, where, depending on the glass matrix and the particular crystalline phases, one can obtain materials with improved mechanical, thermal, electrical or optical properties. The characteristics and applications of optical glass ceramics are reviewed, with particular emphasis on rare-earth-doped transparent glass ceramics for photonics, including the search for new transparent glass ceramic compositions and the development of suitable methods to process such materials into functional devices.
Anywear Academy: A Larp-based Camp to Inspire Computational Interest in Middle School Girls (2022)

This paper presents a case study of designing and running a Larp (live action role play)-based summer camp in which middle school-age girls create social wearables, toward building computational and design skills, interest, and self-efficacy. Our design draws upon prior evidence that edu-larps can address the identity gap for underrepresented groups in STEM. The focus on creation of social wearables built using E-textiles builds on existing larp practices that use costuming as a method for establishing identity as well as for providing a platform campers can use to enhance their dramatic spectacles. Our findings will be of interest to those working in the areas of informal learning of computation through Arduino and another small device programming, as well as those interested in the intersection of larp and technology design practices, and edu-larp.
Design of formed cutter for milling of the screw rotor with the tooth profile represented by discrete points (2017)

Formed milling is one of the most commonly used methods for rough machining of the screw rotors. To design the cutter for a screw rotor with the tooth profile represented by discrete points, a numerical cutter profile generation method was proposed. Firstly, based on the coordinate relationship between the cutter and the workpiece, series of intersection planes were constructed perpendicularly to the revolving axis of the cutter, and the plane-axis intersection points can be transformed to the workpiece coordinate system. Then, one contact point within each intersection plane can be achieved by use of the Golden Section method and cubic Bernstein-Bezier interpolation. Using the same procedure, the cutter profile can be obtained which has the number of points equal with that of the intersection planes. Finally, a cutter profile was generated for the circular arc screw rotor and its maximum deviation can reach sub-micrometers. From the computation process, it also can be seen that the proposed method is also of simple computation, easy application and good generality.
Spectral line-by-line pulse shaping of enhanced number of frequency comb lines using a 2-D VIPA grating pulse shaper (2008)

We demonstrate line-by-line pulse shaping of enhanced number of frequency comb lines (~500, limited by the number of lines available from source) having a repetition rate of 10 GHz using a 2-D VIPA grating pulse shaper.
Interplay between Interfacial Structures and Device Performance in Organic Solar Cells: A Case Study with the Low Work Function Metal, Calcium (2015)

A better understanding of how interfacial structure affects charge carrier recombination would benefit the development of highly efficient organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices. In this paper, transient photovoltage (TPV) and charge extraction (CE) measurements are used in combination with synchrotron radiation photoemission spectroscopy (SRPES) to gain insight into the correlation between interfacial properties and device performance. OPV devices based on PCDTBT/PC71BM with a Ca interlayer were studied as a reference system to investigate the interfacial effects on device performance. Devices with a Ca interlayer exhibit a lower recombination than devices with only an Al cathode at a given charge carrier density (n). In addition, the interfacial band structures indicate that the strong dipole moment produced by the Ca interlayer can facilitate the extraction of electrons and drive holes away from the cathode/polymer interface, resulting in beneficial reduction in interfacial recombination losses. These results help explain the higher efficiencies of devices made with Ca interlayers compared to that without the Ca interlayer.
RESPONSE OF EASTERN LARCH BEETLE (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) IN ALASKA TO ITS NATURAL ATTRACTANT AND TO DOUGLAS-FIR BEETLE PHEROMONES (1977)

Abstract In tests conducted in the McKinley River drainage, Alaska, seudenol combined with α-pinene attracted the most eastern larch beetles, Dendroctonus simplex LeConte. The next most attractive treatments included tamarack log sections infested with either unmated female D . simplex or unmated female Douglas-fir beetles, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins, Neither frontalin nor trans - verbenol with α-pinene was attractive. Addition of niethylcyclohexenone (MCH) to the seudenol + α-pinene treatment repressed its attraction by 83%. Sex ratios of simplex responding to logs infested with female simplex or pseudotsugae were equal or favored females, but favored males in the case of seudenol + α-pinene. Addition of MCH shifted the sex ratio in favor of females. Two other scolytid species, Orthotomicus caelatus (Eichhoff) and Ips perturbatus (Eichhoff), were trapped, but were too few to relate to treatments. Two species of clerids were caught on traps: Thanasimus undatulus Say and Thanasimus dubius (L.); the latter is a new Alaskan record.
DriftInsight: Detecting Anomalous Behaviors in Large-Scale Cloud Platform (2017)

Detecting anomalous behaviors of cloud platforms is one of critical tasks for cloud providers. Every anomalous behavior potentially causes incidents, especially some unaware and/or unknown issues, which severely harm their SLA (Service Level Agreement). Existing solutions generally monitor cloud platform at different layers and then detect anomalies based on rules or learning algorithms on monitoring metrics. However, complexity of nowadays cloud platforms, high dynamics of cloud workloads and thousands of various types of metrics make anomalous behavior detection more challenging to be applied in production, especially in large scale cloud production environments. In this paper, we present a practical cloud anomalous behavior detection system called DriftInsight. It firstly analyzes multi-denominational metrics of each component and identifies a set of representative steady components based on the convergences of their states. Then it generates a state model and a state transit model for each steady cloud component. Finally, it detects behavior anomalies of these steady components in near real-time and meanwhile evolve behavior models on the fly. The evaluation results of this approach in a commercial large-scale PaaS (Platform-as-a-Service) cloud are demonstrated its capability and efficiency.
Mitochondria-associated ER Membranes (MAMs) and Glycosphingolipid Enriched Microdomains (GEMs): Isolation from Mouse Brain (2013)

Intracellular organelles are highly dynamic structures with varying shape and composition, which are subjected to cell-specific intrinsic and extrinsic cues. Their membranes are often juxtaposed at defined contact sites, which become hubs for the exchange of signaling molecules and membrane components(1,2,3,4). The inter-organellar membrane microdomains that are formed between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the mitochondria at the opening of the IP3-sensitive Ca(2+) channel are known as the mitochondria associated-ER membranes or MAMs(4,5,6). The protein/lipid composition and biochemical properties of these membrane contact sites have been extensively studied particularly in relation to their role in regulating intracellular Ca(2+) (4,5,6). The ER serves as the primary store of intracellular Ca(2+), and in this capacity regulates a myriad of cellular processes downstream of Ca(2+) signaling, including post-translational protein folding and protein maturation (7). Mitochondria, on the other hand, maintain Ca(2+) homeostasis, by buffering cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration thereby preventing the initiation of apoptotic pathways downstream of Ca(2+) unbalance(4,8). The dynamic nature of the MAMs makes them ideal sites to dissect basic cellular mechanisms, including Ca(2+) signaling and regulation of mitochondrial Ca(2+) concentration, lipid biosynthesis and transport, energy metabolism and cell survival (4,9,10,11,12). Several protocols have been described for the purification of these microdomains from liver tissue and cultured cells(13,14). Taking previously published methods into account, we have adapted a protocol for the isolation of mitochondria and MAMs from the adult mouse brain. To this procedure we have added an extra purification step, namely a Triton X100 extraction, which enables the isolation of the glycosphingolipid enriched microdomain (GEM) fraction of the MAMs. These GEM preparations share several protein components with caveolae and lipid rafts, derived from the plasma membrane or other intracellular membranes, and are proposed to function as gathering points for the clustering of receptor proteins and for protein-protein interactions(4,15).
Assessing the Various Antagonistic Mechanisms of Trichoderma Strains against the Brown Root Rot Pathogen Pyrrhoderma noxium Infecting Heritage Fig Trees (2022)

A wide range of phytopathogenic fungi exist causing various plant diseases, which can lead to devastating economic, environmental, and social impacts on a global scale. One such fungus is <i>Pyrrhoderma noxium</i>, causing brown root rot disease in over 200 plant species of a variety of life forms mostly in the tropical and subtropical regions of the globe. The aim of this study was to discover the antagonistic abilities of two <i>Trichoderma</i> strains (#5001 and #5029) found to be closely related to <i>Trichoderma reesei</i> against <i>P. noxium</i>. The mycoparasitic mechanism of these <i>Trichoderma</i> strains against <i>P. noxium</i> involved coiling around the hyphae of the pathogen and producing appressorium like structures. Furthermore, a gene expression study identified an induced expression of the biological control activity associated genes in <i>Trichoderma</i> strains during the interaction with the pathogen. In addition, volatile and diffusible antifungal compounds produced by the <i>Trichoderma</i> strains were also effective in inhibiting the growth of the pathogen. The ability to produce Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), siderophores and the volatile compounds related to plant growth promotion were also identified as added benefits to the performance of these <i>Trichoderma</i> strains as biological control agents. Overall, these results show promise for the possibility of using the <i>Trichoderma</i> strains as potential biological control agents to protect <i>P. noxium</i> infected trees as well as preventing new infections.
Determining grasp selection from arm trajectories via deep learning to enable functional hand movement in tetraplegia (2020)

NCT, NCT03385005. Registered September 26, 2017.
Targeted mutagenesis in the sea urchin embryo using zinc‐finger nucleases (2010)

We showed that engineered zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), which consist of a zinc-finger DNA-binding array and a nuclease domain of the restriction enzyme FokI, can introduce mutations at a specific genomic site in the sea urchin embryo. Using bacterial one-hybrid screening with zinc-finger randomized libraries and a single-strand annealing assay in cultured cells, ZFNs targeting the sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus homologue of HesC (HpHesC) were efficiently selected. Consistent with the phenotype observed in embryos injected with an antisense morpholino oligonucleotide against HpHesC, an increase in the primary mesenchyme cell population was observed in embryos injected with a pair of HpHesC ZFN mRNAs. In addition, sequence analysis of the mutations showed that deletions and insertions occurred at the HpHesC target site in the embryos injected with the HpHesC ZFN mRNAs. These results suggest that targeted gene disruption using ZFNs is feasible for the sea urchin embryo.
Contrasting reactivity of mono- and di-nuclear dihydrido-trans-bisphosphine-rhodium and -iridium complexes towards alkenes (1984)

The binuclear rhodium complex Rh22+(µ-P—P)2(MeOH)4H4, (2), P—P = 2,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)furan, is inferior to monoclear models in hydrogen transfer to 3,3-dimethylbut-1-ene; related mono-and di-nuclear iridium complexes exhibit contrasting chemistry.
The determination of wetland hydrologic characteristics using a bromide tracer (2015)

Sodium bromide was used in a natural gradient tracer test to determine acid mine drainage (AMD) flow velocity through a sedge peat fen in west-central Montana.A grid of auger holes and small diameter wells was installed at varying depths.Water samples taken from this grid network were analyzed in the field using a bromide specific ion electrode.Field hydraulic conductivity (K) was determined on auger holes and wells in the area of expected metal loading and tracer movement.The K ranged from 1.0 x 10-2 to 1.5 x 10-5 cm/s with a mean of 8.3 x 10-4 cm/s.Mean velocity determined from the K values was 7.1 x 10-5 cm/s.Water flow velocity considered the most representative of the AMD waters was then determined by the tracer experiment and ranged from 3.1 x 10-1 to 6.2 x 10-4 cm/s with a mean of 2.6 x 10-2 cm/s (73.7 ft/day).The wide range of velocities indicate a very heterogeneous wetland flow system.The large difference (three order of magnitude) between K determined velocity and tracer determined velocity indicates the measurement of two different flow systems.The tracer velocity represents preferential flow paths within the shallow (acrotelm) system and the K determined velocity represents that flow found at greater depth (catotelm).The distance the AMD water travels, before problem amelioration, was not determined from the tracer methods employed, but using a distance estimate of 200 m and the average tracer velocity, the average residence time of AMD water in contact with the wetland soils is approximately 9 days.