gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of DMDHEU and Melamine-Formaldehyde as the Binding Agents for a Hydroxy-Functional Organophosphorus Flame Retarding Agent on Cotton (2004)

It is necessary to use a crosslinking agent to bond a flameretarding hydroxy-functional organophosphorus oligomer (FR) to cotton so that the flame resistance of the treated cotton fabric can be durable to multiple homelaundering. Both dimethyloldihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) and melamine– formaldehyde (M-F) have been used as the binding agents between FR and cotton. The vertical flammability, limiting oxygen index (LOI) and phosphorus content after different numbers of laundering cycles as well as the wrinkle resistance and tensile strength of the cotton fabric treated with FR/DMDHEU and FR/M-F was investigated and compared in this research. We found that DMDHEU is more effective for crosslinking cotton cellulose and for crosslinking between FR and cotton than M-F. We also found that the bonding formed by DMDHEU between cotton and FR is more durable to multiple laundering cycles than that formed by M-F. M-F is a more effective nitrogen provider than DMDHEU to enhance the flame retarding performance of the treated cotton fabric through phosphorus–nitrogen synergism, therefore the presence of M-F in the flame retardant finishing system significantly increases the flame resistance of the treated fabric. DMDHEU, as an effective crosslinking agent for cotton, causes more fabric strength loss than M-F.
A/B Testing of Auctions (2016)

A common method in the practice of large scale auction design, e.g., in auctions placing advertisements on online media and Internet search engines, is A/B testing. In A/B testing, the auction house is running an incumbent mechanism A, and would like to determine if a novel mechanism B obtains higher revenue. This is done by splitting the traffic so that most of it goes to A and some of it, e.g., five to ten percent, goes to B. An issue with this approach is that if the bidders are unaware of which mechanism their bid will be considered in, the bid equilibrium is neither for A nor B but for a mechanism C that is a convex combination of A and B.
Towards a theory for the orientation dependent packing entropy of inhomogeneous polymer systems (1986)

A Sdar -'Ot .
Blockade of GpIIb/IIIa inhibits the release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) from tumor cell-activated platelets and experimental metastasis (1999)

Evidence that platelets play a role in tumor metastasis includes the observation of circulating tumor cell-platelet aggregates and the anti-metastatic effect of thrombocytopenia and anti-platelet drugs. Platelets have recently been shown to contain vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) which is released during clotting. We therefore studied the effects of (1) tumor cell-platelet adherence and tumor cell TF activity on platelet VEGF release; and (2) the effects of GpIIb/IIIa blockade on tumor cell-induced platelet VEGF release, tumor cell-induced thrombocytopenia and experimental metastasis. Adherent A375 human melanoma cells (TF+) and KG1 myeloid leukemia (TF-) cells were cultured in RPMI containing 10% fetal bovine serum. Platelet-rich plasma was obtained from normal citrated whole blood and the presence of VEGF (34 and 44 kDa isoforms) confirmed by immunoblotting. Platelet-rich plasma with or without anti-GpIIb/IIIa (Abciximab) was added to A375 monolayers and supernatant VEGF measured by ELISA. Tumor cell-induced platelet activation and release were determined by CD62P expression and serotonin release respectively. In vitro, tumor cell-platelet adherence was evaluated by flow cytometry. In vivo, thrombocytopenia and lung seeding were assessed 30 min and 18 days, respectively, after i.v. injection of Lewis Lung carcinoma (LL2) cells into control or murine 7E3 F(ab')(2) (6 mg/ kg) athymic rats. Maximal in vitro platelet activation (72% serotonin release) occurred 30 min after adding platelets to tumor cells. At this time, 87% of the A375 cells had adhered to platelets. Abciximab significantly (P<0.05) reduced platelet adherence to tumor cells as evidenced by flow cytometry. Incubation of A375 cells with platelets induced VEGF release in a time-dependent manner. This release was significantly inhibited by Abciximab (81% at 30 min; P<0.05). In the presence of fibrinogen and FII, VEGF release induced by A375 (TF+) cells was significantly higher than that induced by KG1 (TF-) cells (105.5+/-24 vs. 42+/-7 pg/ml; P<0.001). Omitting fibrinogen or FII from the reaction mixture markedly decreased VEGF release. In vivo, GpIIb/IIIa blockade with murine 7E3 F(ab')(2) reduced LL2 tumor cell-induced thrombocytopenia by 90% (P<0.001) and lung seeding by 82% (P<0.05). We conclude that TF-bearing tumor cells can activate platelets largely via thrombin generation, and that such activation is associated with release of VEGF. This may enhance metastasis, possibly by increasing extravasation at points of adhesion to vascular endothelium.
Selection of novel, specific single-stranded DNA sequences by Flp, a duplex-specific DNA binding protein (1998)

Flp is a member of the integrase family of site-specific recombinases. Flp is known to be a double-stranded (ds)DNA binding protein that binds sequence specifically to the 13 bp binding elements in the FRT site (Flprecognitiontarget). We subjected a random pool of oligonucleotides to the in vitro binding site selection method and have unexpectedly recovered a series of single-stranded oligonucleotides to which Flp binds with high affinity. These single-stranded oligonucleotides differ in sequence from the duplex FRT site. The minimal length of the oligonucleotides which is active is 29 nt. This single strand-specific DNA binding activity is located in the same C-terminal 32 kDa domain of Flp in which the site-specific dsDNA binding activity resides. Competition studies suggest that the apparent affinity of Flp for single-stranded oligonucleotide is somewhat less than for a complete duplex FRT site but greater than for a single duplex 13 bp binding element. We have also shown that Cre, another member of the integrase family of site-specific recombinases, also exhibits single-stranded DNA binding similar to that of Flp.
Synthesis and liquid-crystalline properties of thermotropic polyamides containing flexible rodlike units and aliphatic spacers (1992)

Abstract New polyamides with high molecular weights consisting of flexible rod-like mesogenic units (4,4′-diphenyl and 3,4′-diphenyl moieties having bent linkages in the central parts) and aliphatic spacers were synthesized and the thermotropic liquid-crystalline properties were investigated. Differential scanning calorimetry, texture observations by polarizing microscopy, miscibility tests and X-ray analysis suggested that the polymers showed well-defined thermotropic smectic mesophases. The polyamides containing 4,4′-diphenyl moieties had higher transition temperatures and formed more stable liquid-crystalline phases than the polyamide composed of the 3,4′-diphenyl unit with a kinked bond.
Decentralized Mode-Adaptive Guidance and Control for DC Microgrid (2016)

This paper presents a decentralized, mode-adaptive (DMA) guidance law for a Hamiltonian-based controller of an N-source, dc microgrid. Droop control is commonly used for decentralized control of microgrids. Unfortunately, droop control lacks the ability to autonomously adapt to the addition or removal of a source without the augmentation of an outer-loop controller. Centralized control methods provide solutions to these limitations, as well as providing the ability to globally optimize the system. To their detriment, centralized control methods are not scalable, and require system-wide information to be funneled through a central controller yielding a single point of failure. The DMA power apportionment scheme presented here aims to reduce the gap between droop control and centralized control by providing a method that can operate autonomously in the event of source and bus load fluctuations as well as reduce communication requirements of centralized control and, thus, increase resiliency and scalability. After development of the DMA, its performance is compared to the centrally controlled optimal exergy destruction power apportionment strategy, as well as a Hamiltonian-based droop control strategy. Finally, it is shown that for a sufficiently large number of converters supplying a microgrid, the presented decentralized, mode-adaptive strategy provides an efficient and practical alternative to both droop control and centralized control schemes.
Identification of Gurson's Material Constants and Estimation of Ductile Fracture at Interface Crack. (1996)

The influence of parameters in the Gurson's constitutive equation for porous plastic materials on ductile fracture at an interface crack under mixed mode loading is discussed based on a comparison of computational and experimental results. A simple method to estimate the parameters using the deformation data of tensile specimens and the Kalman filter is proposed. A finite element simulation is performed to demonstrate the usefulness of the proposal method. It is suggested that two different specimens (e.g., one is a rectangular plate with a center hole and the other is a side notched plate) are necessary to guarantee a correct estimation.
Integration of trigeneration in an indirect cascade refrigeration system in supermarkets (2011)

This article presents an energy and economic analysis of a trigeneration configuration for supermarket applications. The energy system in a supermarket is relatively complex, because it includes lighting, air conditioning, cabinets, refrigeration system, etc. A trigeneration system could be used to simultaneously satisfy heating, refrigeration and electricity demands in supermarkets. More specifically, this article studies the integration of a trigeneration system and an indirect refrigeration cascade compression system in a supermarket in Barcelona. The trigeneration system consists of a cogeneration engine and an ammonia/water absorption chiller unit. The results of simulating energy usage, life cycle costs and CO2 emissions have been compared with a conventional indirect refrigeration cascade compression system for the supermarket studied. Several trigeneration configurations have been studied. They all show a payback time of less than 6 years but the profitability of the investment depends strongly on the ratio between the prices of natural gas and electricity. This study shows that this novel trigeneration system is economically feasible and environmentally more viable than conventional supermarket systems.
Assessment of mitochondrial function following short- and long-term exposure of human bronchial epithelial cells to total particulate matter from a candidate modified-risk tobacco product and reference cigarettes (2018)

Mitochondrial dysfunction caused by cigarette smoke is involved in the oxidative stress-induced pathology of airway diseases. Reducing the levels of harmful and potentially harmful constituents by heating rather than combusting tobacco may reduce mitochondrial changes that contribute to oxidative stress and cell damage. We evaluated mitochondrial function and oxidative stress in human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS 2B) following 1- and 12-week exposures to total particulate matter (TPM) from the aerosol of a candidate modified-risk tobacco product, the Tobacco Heating System 2.2 (THS2.2), in comparison with TPM from the 3R4F reference cigarette. After 1-week exposure, 3R4F TPM had a strong inhibitory effect on mitochondrial basal and maximal oxygen consumption rates compared to TPM from THS2.2. Alterations in oxidative phosphorylation were accompanied by increased mitochondrial superoxide levels and increased levels of oxidatively damaged proteins in cells exposed to 7.5 μg/mL of 3R4F TPM or 150 μg/mL of THS2.2 TPM, while cytosolic levels of reactive oxygen species were not affected. In contrast, the 12-week exposure indicated adaptation of BEAS-2B cells to long-term stress. Together, the findings indicate that 3R4F TPM had a stronger effect on oxidative phosphorylation, gene expression and proteins involved in oxidative stress than TPM from the candidate modified-risk tobacco product THS2.2.
Role of rotational symmetry in magnetism of multiband models (2011)

The role of the complete Coulomb interaction matrix in the determination of the magnetic susceptibility of the two-band Hubbard model has been investigated in the dynamical mean-field theory. The off-diagonal component of the U-matrix has been found to reduce the Néel temperature, which agrees with the available experimental data. The magnitude of the effect upon a change in the dimension of the U-matrix is discussed. The results have been compared with the thermodynamic characteristics of an isolated Hubbard atom.
LINEAR MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR AESA RADAR APPLICATION (2018)

ЛИНЕЙНЫЕ МИКРОПОЛОСКОВЫЕ ИЗЛУЧАТЕЛИ ДЛЯ РАДИОЛОКАЦИОННЫХ КОМПЛЕКСОВ С АФАР И.М
Cryptography across industry sectors (2017)

Security adoption varies across industry sectors, where some companies such as Google, Apple and Microsoft are strong advocates of the adoption of HTTPS, while other companies, especially for news sites, have weak adoption. This paper provides a sample analysis of the Top 500 Websites within Alexa Top 1 Million sites for industry sectors, and analyses their HTTP responses, such as in the cryptography methods used and the usage of Content-Security-Policy. It concludes that the adoption of security is strongest within Computers industry sector, while it is much weaker within News and Sports. The paper also shows that the most popular method for creating a Secure Socket Layer tunnel is Elliptic Curve Diffie–Hellman with RSA for the key exchange, 256-bit AES GCM for the encryption of the stream and 384-bit SHA for hashing. It does highlight worrying signs of the usage of wellknown weak cryptography methods, such as for Diffie–Hellman, RC4, MD5 and DES. With the adoption of the Let’s Encrypt digital certificate, the paper shows that the industry sector that has most traction is in Adult sites, and its adoption is much lower in more business-focused industry areas.
Out-of-plane scattering in optical waveguides (1979)

Measurements were made of the light scattered out of the plane of optical waveguides sputtered onto substrates of thermally oxidized silcon. The angular distribution of the scattered light can be explained theoretically as having as its origin roughness at the waveguide-air- interface. For waveguides of very high intensity scatter, the patterns are consistent with classical Mie scattering by spherical particles. This type of measurement may be useful in determining optimum conditions for fabricating very low-loss waveguide.
Anti-Corrosive and Scale Inhibiting Polymer-Based Functional Coating with Internal and External Regulation of TiO2 Whiskers (2018)

A novel multi-functional carrier of mesoporous titanium dioxide whiskers (TiO2(w)) modified by ethylenediamine tetra (methylene phosphonic acid) (EDTMPA) and imidazoline was devised in epoxy coating to improve the anti-corrosion and scale inhibition properties of metal surface. Rigorous characterization using analytical techniques showed that a mesoporous structure was developed on the TiO2(w). EDTMPA and imidazoline were successfully grafted on the outer and inner surfaces of mesoporous TiO2(w) to synthesize iETiO2(w). The results demonstrated that the corrosion resistance of the final iETiO2(w) epoxy coating is 40 times higher than that of the conventional unmodified OTiO2(w) epoxy coating. The enhanced corrosion resistance of the iETiO2(w) functional coating is due to the chelation of the scaling cations by EDTMPA and electron sharing between imidazoline and Fe. Scale formation on the iETiO2(w) coating is 35 times lower than that on the unmodified OTiO2(w) epoxy coating. In addition, EDTMPA and imidazoline act synergistically in promoting the barrier property of mesoporous TiO2(w) in epoxy coating. It is believed that this novel, simple, and inexpensive route for fabricating functional surface protective coatings on various metallic materials will have a wide range of practical applications.
Development of helix-based vasoactive intestinal peptide analogues: identification of residues required for receptor interaction (1988)

Several VIP analogues have been designed on the basis of the hypothesis that the region from residue 6 to residue 28 forms a pi-helical structure when bound to membrane receptors. An empirical approach for the design and construction of analogues based upon distribution frequency and structural homology with several sequence-related peptides is presented. Five peptides were designed, synthesized, and analyzed. One analogue, model 5, containing the native hydrophobic and an altered hydrophilic surface, was an effective VIP agonist in both binding to rat lung membrane receptors (KD1 = 11 +/- 8 pM, KD2 = 6.4 +/- 0.2 nM; VIP KD1 = 21 +/- 13 pM, KD2 = 1.8 +/- 0.6 nM) and stimulation of amylase release from guinea pig pancreatic acini (ED50 = 90 pM; VIP ED50 = 27 pM). The four other analogues were considerably less potent than VIP, yet retained full intrinsic activity. Our results showed that the hydrophobic surface of this helical domain (residues 6-28) contains amino acids important for interaction with receptors, whereas amino acid residues on the hydrophilic surface do not seem to participate strongly in receptor binding or signal transduction. Furthermore, on the basis of high-affinity binding, the stimulation of amylase release in pancreatic acini appears to be coupled to the higher affinity receptors. These results suggest that an approach based on the construction of putative pi-helical structures can be applied to the design of biologically active analogues of VIP. Thus, we have identified several residues within the VIP sequence that are critical for receptor binding using this approach.
Localized and delocalized singlet excitons in ladder-type poly(paraphenylene) (1998)

We have performed electron-energy-loss measurements in transmission to study the lowest lying electronic excitations in ladder-type poly(paraphenylene). Our results show that two different types of singlet excitons exist near the absorption onset. They differ considerably in the size of their dispersion. While one of them is nondispersive, i.e., strongly localized, the other one is delocalized with a dispersion relation similar to those reported previously in the literature for $\ensuremath{\pi}$-${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{\star}}$ excitations in conjugated polymers. The existence of two different low-energy excitations in ladder-type poly(paraphenylene) may have important consequences for potential applications of this material in optical or electronic devices. We discuss possible reasons that might cause the formation of two different electron-hole excitations at the absorption onset.
Immunogenicity of a hybrid multiple epitopes antigen gene of hepatitis C virus and P. falciparum in mice and rabbits (2000)

Two synthetic multiple epitopes antigen gene PCX of HCV and AB of Pf were cloned into eukaryotic vector pcDNA3 with CMV promoter to construct a HCV/Pf eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3/CAB. Humoral and cellular immunity and safety were studied after the plasmid was genetically immunized mice and rabbits. Specific antibodies against GZ-PCX antigen were detected at week 6th and 8th in mice and rabbits and the highest titers of anti-GZ-PCX IgG were 1:400 and 1:3 200, respectively. The immunized antisera also recognized Pf antigen. Delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions were induced by GZ-PCS protein. The body weight immunized mice and rabbit were normal and no obvious toxicity appeared.
FIBER OPTICAL PARAMETRIC OSCILLATOR WITH SWITCHABLE AND WAVELENGTH-SPACING TUNABLE MULTI-WAVELENGTH (2010)

We propose a switchable and wavelength spacing tunable multi-wavelength flber optical parametric oscillator (MW-FOPO) with two cascaded flber Bragg gratings (FBGs). The MW-FOPO can operate at two multi-wavelength lasing modes with difierent wavelength spacings, which can be switched by adjusting some polarization controllers (PCs). Stable multi-wavelength lasing at those two difierent operation modes at room temperature is achieved due to the four wave mixing (FWM) efiect and the broadband gain of the flber optical parametric amplifler (FOPA) based on a highly nonlinear flber. The wavelength spacing of the proposed MW-FOPO can be tuned by adjusting the wavelength of the pump light or the central wavelength of the FBG at the two multi-wavelength lasing modes.
Age-dependent yield of screening for undetected atrial fibrillation in stroke patients: the Find-AF study (2013)

Diagnosis of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) in stroke patients is challenging, but highly clinically relevant. The percentage of stroke patients with permanent AF increases with age, but limited data are available for the age-dependent yield of paroxysmal AF by Holter monitoring. Patients with acute cerebral ischemia were included into the prospective observational Find-AF study. Patients free from AF at presentation received 7 day Holter monitoring. We calculated the percentage of otherwise undetected paroxysmal AF and the number needed to screen for age groups under 60 years, and in 5 year clusters from the age of 60 up to 85 and older. 272 patients were included, 43 (15.8 %) had AF at admission, 33 patients with paroxysmal AF were identified by 7 day Holter (n = 29) or medical history (n = 4).The yield of 7 day Holter ECG clearly increased with older age (p = 0.004): <60 years: 5 %, 60-64 years: 5 %, 65-69 years: 7 %, 70-74 years: 11 %, 75-79 years: 13 %, 80-84 years: 25 %, ≥ 85 years: 39 %. The number needed to screen (NNS) to find one patient with paroxysmal AF decreased with age: ≤ 60 years: 18, 60-64 years: 20, 65-69 years: 14, 70-74 years: 9, 75-79 years: 8, 80-84 years: 4, ≥ 85 years: 3, respectively. In patients <65 years, all AF cases were detected by Holter ECG. The percentage of paroxysmal AF in stroke patients increases with age. The 7 day Holter ECG is most efficient in elderly patients.
ChemInform Abstract: Europium(II) Organometallic Compounds: Synthesis and Characterization by 1H‐NMR. (1988)

Abstract Reaction of the europium(III) complexes (I) and (III) with lithium naphthalenide yields the europium(II) compounds (II) or (V).
A CMOS PLL-based frequency synthesizer for wireless communication systems at 0.9, 1.8, 1.9 and 2.4 GHz (2002)

In this paper, a phase-locked loop (PLL)-based frequency synthesizer was developed for wireless communication applications at 900 MHz, 1800 MHz, 1900 MHz and 2.4 GHz. In order to generate wide-range oscillation signals in the desired frequency bands, a range-programmable voltage-controlled oscillator (RP-VCO) consisting of several controllable inverter rings in parallel was designed. By adjusting the ratios of programmable dividers, and selecting the number of paralleled inverter rings of the RP-VCO, the desired frequency can be generated as demanded by the application system. Instead of using several synthesizers for different frequency bands, only a synthesizer proposed herein can generate these frequency bands in a cost-effective way. By using the TSMC 1P4M 0.35 /spl mu/m CMOS technology, the proposed PLL-based frequency synthesizer could yield oscillation signals ranging from 822 MHz to 967 MHz, from 1752 MHz to 1874 MHz, from 1849 MHz to 1933 MHz and from 2356 MHz to 2503 MHz at a supply voltage of 3.3 V. Power dissipation is proportional to the output frequency with 11.6 mW to 35.3 mW. Therefore, the proposed frequency synthesizer could be widely used in various integrated communication systems, providing different oscillation signals in cost-effective and power-efficient manners.
Supplemental Figure 2 from Therapeutic Targeting of <i>SDHB</i>-Mutated Pheochromocytoma/Paraganglioma with Pharmacologic Ascorbic Acid (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure 2&lt;/p&gt;