gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of quenching medium on the dendrite morphology, hardness, and tribological behaviour of cast Cu–Ni–Sn spinodal alloy for defence application (2023)

Cu–Ni–Sn spinodal alloys (Spinodal bronze) are potential materials with robust applications in components associated with defence applications like bearings, propellers, bushes, and shafts of heavily loaded aircraft, off-road vehicles, and warships. This paper presents a comparative study using water, Brine solution, and SAE 40 oil as the quenching media in regular bronze (Cu–6Sn) and spinodal bronze (Cu–9Ni–6Sn) alloys. Morphological analysis was conducted by optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction technique (XRD) on bronze and spinodal bronze samples immersed in the three different quenching media to understand the grain size and hardness values better. Tribological analysis was performed to analyze the effect of quenching media on the wear aspects of bronze and spinodal bronze samples. The hardness value of the brine-aged spinodal bronze samples was as high as 320 Hv, and the grain size was very low in the range of 60 μm. A quantitative comparison between brine-aged regular bronze and brine-aged spinodal bronze showed that the hardness (Hv) was almost 80% higher for brine-aged spinodal bronze. Further, the grain size was approximately 30% finer for spinodal bronze when compared with regular bronze. When the load was increased in spinodal bronze samples, there was an initial dip in wear rate followed by a marginal increase. There was a steady increase in friction coefficient with a rise in load for brine-aged regular bronze and spinodal bronze samples. These results indicate that brine solution is the most effective quenching medium for cast Cu–Ni–Sn spinodal alloys.
Effect of soil properties on lead bioavailability and toxicity to earthworms (2006)

Soil properties are important factors modifying metal bioavailability to ecological receptors. Twenty-one soils with a wide range of soil properties (USA; http://soils.usda.gov/technical/classification/taxonomy/) were amended with a single concentration of Pb (2,000 mg/kg) to determine the effects of soil properties on Pb bioavailability and toxicity to earthworms. Earthworm mortality ranged from 0 to 100% acute mortality following exposure to the same total concentration of Pb (2,000 mg/kg) in amended field soils. Internal Pb concentrations in earthworms ranged from 28.7 to 782 mg/kg, with a mean of 271 mg/kg. Path analysis was used to partition correlations in an attempt to discern the relative contribution of each soil property. Results of path analysis indicated that pH was the most important soil property affecting earthworm mortality (p < 0.01) and internal Pb (p < 0.05). Soil pH was related inversely to mortality and internal Pb, soil solution Pb, and Pb bioavailability. The most important soil property modifying reproduction was amorphous iron and aluminum oxides (FEAL). Because FEAL is rich in pH-dependent cation-exchange sites, several soil properties, including pH, FEAL, and cation-exchange capacity, have a causal effect on Pb adsorption and soluble Pb. Path analysis is useful for assessing contaminated soils with a wide range of soil properties and can assist in ecological risk assessment and remediation decisions for contaminated sites. Soil properties are important factors modifying metal bioavailability and toxicity and should be considered during the ecological risk assessment of metals in contaminated soils.
Kleptoprotein bioluminescence: Parapriacanthus fish obtain luciferase from ostracod prey (2020)

Through their diet, animals can obtain substances essential for imparting special characteristics, such as toxins in monarch butterflies and luminescent substances in jellyfishes. These substances are typically small molecules because they are less likely to be digested and may be hard for the consumer to biosynthesize. Here, we report that <i>Parapriacanthus ransonneti</i>, a bioluminescent fish, obtains not only its luciferin but also its luciferase enzyme from bioluminescent ostracod prey. The enzyme purified from the fish's light organs was identical to the luciferase of <i>Cypridina noctiluca</i>, a bioluminescent ostracod that they feed upon. Experiments where fish were fed with a related ostracod, <i>Vargula hilgendorfii</i>, demonstrated the specific uptake of the luciferase to the fish's light organs. This "kleptoprotein" system allows an organism to use novel functional proteins that are not encoded in its genome and provides an evolutionary alternative to DNA-based molecular evolution.
Can unmixed complex forming polymer surfactant formulations be injected into oil reservoirs or aquifers without clogging them? (2021)

In the context of enhanced oil recovery or soil remediation, we study the role of interactions between polymers and surfactants on the injectivity of formulations containing mixtures of polymers and surfactants. We show that contrary to the first intuition, the formation of aggregates in polymers surfactants formulations is not necessarily a hindrance to the injection of these formulations into pores. It is important above all to compare the size of aggregates according to the applied shear rate and the pore size to find the formulations that may induce clogging. We highlight a new positive and unexpected phenomenon. The small aggregates that do not lead to clogging ensure the transport of the surfactant vesicles in the porous medium and limit the adsorption of the latter.
NBC detection in air and water (2003)

Participating in a Navy STTR project to develop a system capable of the 'real-time' detection and quanitification of nuclear, biological and chemical (NBC) warfare agents, and of related industrial chemicals including NBC agent synthesis by-products in water and in air immediately above the water's surface. This project uses JPL's Soft Ionization Membrane (SIM) technology which totally ionizes molecules without fragmentation (a process that can markedly improve the sensitivity and specificity of molecule compostition identification), and JPL's Rotating Field Mass Spectrometer (RFMS) technology which has large enough dynamic mass range to enable detection of nuclear materials as well as biological and chemical agents. This Navy project integrates these JPL Environmental Monitoring UnitS (REMUS) an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV). It is anticipated that the REMUS AUV will be capable of 'real-time' detection and quantification of NBC warefare agents.
Supplementary Methods from Response to ERBB3-Directed Targeted Therapy in <i>NRG1</i>-Rearranged Cancers (2023)

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Reversibility reconsidered: finite-state factors for efficient probabilistic sampling in parsing and generation (2015)

We restate the classical logical notion of generation/parsing reversibility in terms of feasible probabilistic sampling, and argue for an implementation based on finite-state factors. We propose a modular decomposition that reconciles generation accuracy with parsing robustness and allows the introduction of dynamic contextual factors.
Scanning Probe Microscopic Investigation of Epitaxially Grown C60 Film on MoS2 (1992)

C 60 thin films have been fabricated on MoS 2 surface by the molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE) and their monolayer coverages on this substrate have been investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). STM study indicates that the C 60 molecules pack either in a square lattice with lattice parameter of 11±1 Å or a hexagonal close packed structure with lattice parameter of 10±1 Å. The AFM images show column like structures similar to the square lattice pattern of STM images. Both STM and AFM techniques have been used to make a comparative study of C 60 film grown on MoS 2 . The substrate lattice has also been imaged together with C 60 molecular contours by STM in order to determine the epitaxial nature of the film.
SINGLE MOLECULE APPROACHES TO BIOLOGY, 2010 GORDON RESEARCH CONFERENCE, JUNE 27-JULY 2, 2010, ITALY (2010)

The 2010 Gordon Conference on Single-Molecule Approaches to Biology focuses on cutting-edge research in single-molecule science. Tremendous technical developments have made it possible to detect, identify, track, and manipulate single biomolecules in an ambient environment or even in a live cell. Single-molecule approaches have changed the way many biological problems are addressed, and new knowledge derived from these approaches continues to emerge. The ability of single-molecule approaches to avoid ensemble averaging and to capture transient intermediates and heterogeneous behavior renders them particularly powerful in elucidating mechanisms of biomolecular machines: what they do, how they work individually, how they work together, and finally, how they work inside live cells. The burgeoning use of single-molecule methods to elucidate biological problems is a highly multidisciplinary pursuit, involving both force- and fluorescence-based methods, the most up-to-date advances in microscopy, innovative biological and chemical approaches, and nanotechnology tools. This conference seeks to bring together top experts in molecular and cell biology with innovators in the measurement and manipulation of single molecules, and will provide opportunities for junior scientists and graduate students to present their work in poster format and to exchange ideas with leaders in the field. A number of excellent poster presenters will be selected for short oral talks. Topics as diverse as single-molecule sequencing, DNA/RNA/protein interactions, folding machines, cellular biophysics, synthetic biology and bioengineering, force spectroscopy, new method developments, superresolution imaging in cells, and novel probes for single-molecule imaging will be on the program. Additionally, the collegial atmosphere of this Conference, with programmed discussion sessions as well as opportunities for informal gatherings in the afternoons and evenings in the beauty of the Il Ciocco site in Tuscany, provides an avenue for scientists from different disciplines to interact and brainstorm and promotes cross-disciplinary collaborations directed toward compelling biological problems.
The study on the conducting properties of PPP and substituted-PPP (1994)

Summary form only given. It is considered that the conductivity of polymer is decided by Eg and BW which is concerned with its structure, with MOPAC and EHMO/CO method, we calculated the electronic band structure of PPP and a series of substituted-PPP, and discussed the change of polymer conductivity properties, analyzed the results and the influence of the differential substituent by quantum chemistry method.
Orf Virus Encoded Protein ORFV119 Induces Cell Apoptosis Through the Extrinsic and Intrinsic Pathways (2018)

Apoptosis, a significant form of cell death, has a leading role in the host cell defense against virus infection. Viruses have evolved a series of strategies that block apoptosis during the early stage of viral infection to enhance viral replication, and induce apoptosis in the late stages to facilitate viral particle release from the cells. Here we show that orf virus (ORFV), the causative agent of orf, encodes an apoptosis-inducing protein ORFV119. ORFV119 targets the mitochondria in host cells, inhibits cell proliferation, and induces cell apoptosis. Protein array data indicated that ORFV119 could induce apoptosis via up-regulation of Smac, Bak, and Bax and down-regulation of anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and cIAP-2. Activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3, and consequent PARP cleavage, ultimately lead to apoptosis. ORFV119 could also directly activate caspase-8 and induce Bid, involved in the extrinsic pathway, to achieve cell death. Furthermore, sequence analysis and experiments with mutants of ORFV119 introduced revealed that ORFV119 contains a key N-terminal domain that is necessary and sufficient to direct the protein to the mitochondria. Together, we report, for the first time, the identification of the novel apoptosis-inducing protein ORFV119 encoded by a parapoxvirus. This provides an important reference for the study of pathogenesis, identification of immunomodulation mechanisms of ORFV, and may lead to new strategies for orf disease control.
Bayesian Spatially Varying Multi-Regularization Image Deblurring (2021)

Many scientific experiments such as those found in astronomy, geology, microbiology, and X-ray radiography require the use of high-energy instruments to capture images. Due to the imaging system, blur and added noise are inevitably present. Oftentimes the captured images must be deblurred to extract valuable information. In the pres- ence of noise, image deblurring is an ill-posed inverse problem in which regularization is required to obtain useful reconstructions. Choosing the appropriate strength of the regularization, however, is difficult. Moreover, many images contain some mixture of smooth features and edges which requires the use of multi-regularization, i.e., the type of regularization (total variation or Tikhonov) varies across the image. We address these two issues by formulating the image deblurring problem within a hierarchical Bayesian framework, varying both the strength of the regularization, as well as the regularization type across the image. In this way, both the image and the strength of the regularization, which varies across the image, are described by a hierarchical posterior distribution which we can sample by Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC), in particular Gibbs samplers that make use of conditional distributions for efficient sampling. We compute the means of the image and parameter samples for simulated test images, and we compare our results with existing non-spatially-varying Bayesian methods to show that our new method both increases the quality and decreases the error of the image reconstruction.
Human Arm Posture Optimisation in Bilateral Teleoperation through Interface Reconfiguration (2020)

In this paper we propose a method for addressing the human operator's ergonomics during bilateral teleoperation. The method is based on human operator's musculoskeletal and fatigue models, whose input is the force produced by the operator through the haptic interface (master) in order to control the slave robot in the remote environment. The system then estimates the fatigue-based endurance time for producing the desired task force in different human arm configurations within the selected workspace. We perform an online optimisation process to find the optimal configuration that has the longest endurance time, which signifies that the operator can perform the task in that configuration for a longer period. Next, a trajectory is generated on the master robot in order to guide the human arm into the optimal configuration. The teleoperation is temporarily suspended by decoupling the master from the slave robot when the master robot is being reconfigured. The teleoperation will be resumed and the slave robot will be teleoperated again from where it stopped after the master robot guided the operator's arm to the optimised configuration. The main advantage of the proposed method is that the human operator can perform the task with less muscle fatigue, which increases the endurance time. To validate our approach, we performed proof-of-concept experiments on a teleoperation system composed of two Panda robots by Franka Emika, where one was serving as master and the other as slave. The main experimental task was for the human operator to produce a reference force with the slave robot on an object in a remote environment. A supplementary task involved putting an object of unknown mass on the slave robot end-effector.
A distributed, cross-platform automation testing framework for GUI-driven applications (2012)

With the rapid development of computer technology, nowadays GUIs have been widely used in desktop applications and web applications. GUI-driven application testing is an emergent approach to software testing and plays a key role to assure software quality. This paper first discusses the various methods for testing GUI-driven applications, and then defines a GUI model and formally defines the test case and the test suite. Finally, it proposes a novel automated, distributed and cross-platform testing framework for GUI. Experiments conducted showed that the proposed testing architecture managed to use parallel cross-platform clusters to test heterogeneous applications whose technologies were incompatible with the testing framework.
Efficacy of continued alendronate for fractures in women with and without prevalent vertebral fracture: The FLEX Trial (2010)

In the Fracture Intervention Trial (FIT) Long Term Extension (FLEX) Trial, 10 years of alendronate (ALN) did not significantly reduce the risk of nonvertebral fractures (NVFs) compared with 5 years of ALN. Continuing ALN reduced the risk of clinical but not morphometric vertebral fractures regardless of baseline vertebral fracture status. In previous studies, ALN efficacy for NVF prevention in women without prevalent vertebral fracture was limited to those with femoral neck (FN) T-scores of -2.5 or less. To determine whether the effect of long-term ALN on fracture differs by vertebral fracture status and femoral neck (FN) T-score, we performed a post hoc analysis using FLEX data, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial among 1099 postmenopausal women originally randomized to ALN in the FIT with mean ALN use of 5 years. In the FLEX Trial, women were randomized to placebo (40%) or ALN 5 mg/day (30%) or ALN 10 mg/day (30%) for an additional 5 years. Among women without vertebral fracture at FLEX baseline (n = 720), continuation of ALN reduced NVF in women with FLEX baseline FN T-scores of -2.5 or less [relative risk (RR) = 0.50, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.26-0.96] but not with T-scores of greater than -2.5 and -2 or less (RR 0.79, 95% CI 0.37-1.66) or with T-scores of greater than -2 (RR 1.41, 95% CI 0.75-2.66; p for interaction = .019). Continuing ALN for 10 years instead of stopping after 5 years reduces NVF risk in women without prevalent vertebral fracture whose FN T-scores, achieved after 5 years of ALN, are -2.5 or less but does not reduce risk of NVF in women whose T-scores are greater than -2.
Synthesis and self-assembled multilayer thin film formation of water-soluble conjugated aromatic polyimines (1998)

A new series of water-soluble conjugated aromatic polyimines containing sulfonate groups have been synthesized via polycondensation reaction between diamines and dialdehydes at room temperature. The polymers are soluble in water and N,N-dimethylformamide, giving colored solutions with absorption maxima (λmax) ranging from 400 to 480 nm. One of the polyimines (PIP) showed strong fluorescence in aqueous solution, and concentration dependence of photoluminescence has been investigated. Electrostatic self-assembly of multilayer films consisting of each polyimine as a polyanion and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) as a polycation was successfully carried out by alternate deposition in corresponding aqueous solutions.
CHIRAL BIS(OXAZOLINE)COPPER(II) COVALENTLY ANCHORED TO SINGLE WALL CARBON NANOTUBE AS RECOVERABLE CATALYST FOR ENANTIOSELECTIVE FRIEDEL-CRAFTS HYDROXYALKYLATION (2011)

[EN] Preformed chiral bis(oxazoline)copper complex having a 4-aminobutyl linker in the meso carbon has been covalently attached to\nsingle wall carbon nanotubes (1 µm average length) through the carboxylic acid groups and the resulting material used as recoverable\ncatalyst for the hydroxyalkylation of 1,3-dimethoxybenzene by ethyl trifluoropyruvate obtaining ee up to 97 %.
Surgical Stabilization of Internal Pneumatic Stabilization? A Prospective Randomized Study of Management of Severe Flail Chest Patients (2002)

This study proved that in severe flail chest patients, surgical stabilization using Judet struts has beneficial effects with respect to less ventilatory support, lower incidence of pneumonia, shorter trauma intensive care unit stay, and reduced medical cost than internal fixation. Moreover, surgical stabilization with Judet struts improved percent forced vital capacity from the early phase after surgical fixation. Also, patients with surgical stabilization could return to their previous employment quicker than those with internal pneumatic stabilization, even in those with the same severity of flail chest. We therefore concluded that surgical stabilization with Judet struts may be preferably applied to patients with severe flail chest who need ventilator support.
S2996 Erdheim-Chester Disease Associated With Aggressive Sclerosing Cholangitis (2022)

Introduction: Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is a rare histiocytosis recently recognized as a neoplasm due to discovery of MAPK pathway mutations. ECD can involve multiple systems, but hepatic involvement is exceedingly rare. Case Description/Methods: A 64-year-old male presented with fatigue, pruritis, 15-pound weight loss, bilirubin 1.8 mg/dL (0.3-1), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) 1671 IU/L (44-147). MRCP showed multifocal, short segment dilation of intrahepatic ducts only. Liver biopsy showed periportal and focal bridging fibrosis suggesting primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Anti-smooth muscle, anti-mitochondrial, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) were negative, IgG subclasses normal. A month later he developed emesis, weakness, and leukocytosis. CT scan showed perinephric and periaortic soft tissue stranding suggestive of ECD. 18FDG PET/CT showed a 2.1x2.9 cm highly FDG avid mediastinal mass, follicular lymphoma on biopsy. He improved with antibiotics but returned after a few days with emesis, leukocytosis, and bilirubin 10.7 mg/dL, ALP 1277 IU/L. CT scan showed progressive perinephric and periaortic soft-tissue encasement (Figure1A). Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography showed a common bile duct (CBD) stricture and non-filling right hepatic duct. Despite CBD stenting bilirubin continued to rise. He now had molluscum like skin lesions which on biopsy revealed dermal proliferation of CD68+, Factor XIIIa+, CD1a- histiocytes and multiple giant cells characteristic of ECD (Figure1B). Targeted therapy with BRAF or MEK pathway inhibitors was considered though there was concern that he may be too sick to receive these. Patient and family opted for comfort care. Discussion: Despite symptoms, cholestatic liver function and biopsy suggestive of PSC, several factors make us question this diagnosis; such as lack of inflammatory bowel disease or positive ANCA which are seen in 60-80% patients with PSC. PSC is usually indolent, time from diagnosis to death or liver transplant generally being 10-12 years. This patient was transitioned to hospice within 6 months. This makes us suspect hepatic involvement with ECD or an overlap syndrome, or that PSC associated with ECD runs a much more aggressive course. Though liver and CBD biopsies did not show ECD, it is not unusual for biopsy findings in ECD to be obscured by non-specific fibrosis. We want to highlight that a negative biopsy should not delay diagnosis of ECD if imaging is indicative, especially as effective therapy is now available.Figure 1.: 1A: CT abdomen showing perinephric soft tissue stranding and encasement. B: extensive histiocytic infiltration (majority of cells) seen on skin biopsy.