gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electronic Effects of para- and meta-Substituents on the EPR D Parameter in 1,3-Arylcyclopentane-1,3-diyl Triplet Diradicals. A New Spectroscopic Measure of α Spin Densities and Radical Stabilization Energies in Benzyl-Type Monoradicals (1997)

The zero-field splitting D parameter was determined in a 2-MTHF glass matrix at 77 K for a large set (35 derivatives) of para- and meta-substituted 1,3-arylcyclopentane-1,3-diyl triplet diradicals 6. The D values are a sensitive function of electronic substituent effects; for convenience, the ΔD scale was defined as the difference DH − DX. Spin acceptors decrease while spin donors increase the D value relative to the unsubstituted reference system (DH). Theoretical (PM3-AUHF) α spin densities (ρα) for the corresponding cumyl monoradicals 7 display a good linear dependence (r2 = 0.963) when plotted against the D parameters of the triplet diradicals 6. The radical stabilization energies (RSE) of the cumyl radicals 7 were semiempirically calculated as the energy difference between in-plane (full conjugation) and perpendicular (no conjugation) conformations of the aryl groups and shown to correlate linearly (r2 = 0.947) against the experimental D parameter for the corresponding triplet diradicals 6. These linear correlations, i.e., D versus ρα and versus RSE, demonstrate that the D parameter of the localized triplet diradicals 6 reflects reliably electronic substituent effects in benzyl-type monoradicals. The spectroscopic ΔD scale correlates poorly with the reported chemical σrad scales, unless polar corrections (Hammett σpol values) are made by means of a two-parameter Hammett treatment. Then a good linear correlation (r2 = 0.921) of the ΔD values versus the Creary σrad scale applies; as expected, the radical effects dominate (ρrad = 1.00 versus ρpol = 0.41). The advantages of the new EPR-spectroscopic ΔD scale are that polar effects are nominal and the D parameter can be measured experimentally with sufficient accuracy to probe even small and subtle electronic effects through changes in the α spin densities.
Evaluation of Column Flotation in the Downstream Processing of Fermentation Products: Recovery of a Genetically Engineered α‐Amylase (1993)

Flotation is a simple, inexpensive, and versatile unit operation with a largely unexplored potential in biotechnology. There is a general lack of research concerning biotechnological applications in this area, especially in the recovery of fermentation products. Moreover, the few reports in the literature do not consider the modern concept of column flotation as practiced in the mineral industry. We report herein the application of column flotation for the recovery of a Bacillus stearothermophilus alpha-amylase expressed in Escherichia coli by the use of a food-grade polymer, (hydroxypropyl)methylcellulose (HPMC), and ammonium sulfate. First, the enzyme was removed from the liquid phase by partition to a salted-out HPMC phase. The enzyme-containing polymer flocs were then floated from the liquid. Recovery of active enzyme was as high as 90%, with throughput as high as 94 m3/(h.m2). The floatability of the enzyme from a periplasmic extract was higher than extracellular enzyme in the broth due to the presence of depressors of molecular weight lower than 10,000 in the broth.
Prostate deformation from inflatable rectal probe cover and dosimetric effects in prostate seed implant brachytherapy (2016)

Prostate deformation from the inflation of an ultrasound rectal probe cover can significantly alter brachytherapy dosimetry. The authors have developed a deformable image registration method that allows for the characterization of dose with the undeformed anatomy. This may be used to more accurately reflect the dosimetry when the prostate is not deformed by the probe cover.
Scent through the Looking Glass (2004)

In 1896, Tiemann first raised the question of whether or not enantiomers might exhibit different odors. The classic work of von Braun should have settled the issue in 1927 but the debate continued for decades, often rather acrimoniously. Various factors such as purity of samples and subjectivity of odors provided the confusion necessary to perpetuate disagreement. Nowadays, we have enough good-quality data to know that sometimes, absolute configuration affects odor perception and sometimes it does not. We are, therefore, left with some interesting academic and commercial questions to be addressed.
Metal Encapsulating Carbon Nanostructures from Oligoalkyne Metal Complexes (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTMetal Encapsulating Carbon Nanostructures from Oligoalkyne Metal ComplexesPeter I. Dosa, Christoph Erben, Vivekanantan S. Iyer, K. Peter C. Vollhardt, and Ian M. WasserView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley and the Chemical Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley, California 94720-1460 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 44, 10430–10431Publication Date (Web):October 22, 1999Publication History Received13 July 1999Published online22 October 1999Published inissue 1 November 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja9924602https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9924602rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views544Altmetric-Citations104LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Carbon nanotubes,Differential scanning calorimetry,Metals,Nanoparticles,Transmission electron microscopy Get e-Alerts
Metabolism of Growth Hormone (GH) and Different Molecular Forms of GH in Biological Fluids (1991)

Human growth hormone (GH) consists of a number of molecular variants which derive from 2 genes, several alternative mRNA splicing mechanisms, and post-translational modifications such as deamidation, acylation, glycosylation, and oligomerization. After secretion, GH binds to two (or possibly more) circulating GH-binding proteins, one of which is a truncated GH receptor. The resulting mixture of GH moieties in plasma is enormously complex, consisting of over 100 molecular states. The various GH forms undergo differential clearance, receptor binding, and complexing with binding proteins, each exhibiting distinct kinetics. The net effect on bioactivity is correspondingly complex, and measurements by immunoassay or receptor assays are complicated by the lack of a homogeneous analyte. GH is best seen as a family of proteins, many of which fulfill as yet unknown functions in biology.
Identifying Modified Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) Semantics for Ultra-Low Queuing Delay (2000)

This specification defines the identifier to be used on IP packets for
a new network service called low latency, low loss and scalable
throughput (L4S). It is similar to the original (or 'Classic')
Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN). 'Classic' ECN marking
was required to be equivalent to a drop, both when applied in the
network and when responded to by a transport. Unlike 'Classic'
ECN marking, for packets carrying the L4S identifier, the network
applies marking more immediately and more aggressively than drop, and
the transport response to each mark is reduced and smoothed relative
to that for drop. The two changes counterbalance each other so that
the throughput of an L4S flow will be roughly the same as a
'Classic' flow under the same conditions. However, the much more
frequent control signals and the finer responses to them result in
ultra-low queuing delay without compromising link utilization, even
during high load. Examples of new active queue management (AQM)
marking algorithms and examples of new transports (whether TCP-like or
real- time) are specified separately. The new L4S identifier is the
key piece that enables them to interwork and distinguishes them from
'Classic' traffic. It gives an incremental migration path so
that existing 'Classic' TCP traffic will be no worse off, but it
can be prevented from degrading the ultra-low delay and loss of the
new scalable transports.
Automated recommendation of dynamic software update points: an exploratory study (2014)

Due to the demand for bugs fixing and feature enhancements, developers inevitably need to update in-use software systems. Instead of shutting down a running system before updating, it is often desirable and sometimes mandatory to patch the running software system on the fly, with a mechanism generally referred as dynamic software updating (DSU). Practical DSU strategies often require manual specification of update points in the program for performing dynamic updates. At these points DSU systems will update the program code, and also migrate the program state to the new version program (using transformation functions). However, finding appropriate update points is non-trivial because the choice of update points has great influence on two competing factors: the timeliness of DSU and the complexity of transformation functions; and to strike a good balance between them requires a deep understanding of both versions of the program. In this exploratory paper, we conceive an automated approach to the recommendation of update points for developers. We conduct a set of preliminary experiments with a real world software update case to examine the feasibility of the approach.
An INDO MO study of conformational and substituent effects upon vicinal fluorine-19-carbon-13 coupling constants (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAn INDO MO study of conformational and substituent effects upon vicinal fluorine-19-carbon-13 coupling constantsVictor WrayCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 10, 2503–2507Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00400a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00400a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views78Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Hybrid architecture for encoded measurement-based quantum computation (2013)

We present a hybrid scheme for quantum computation that combines the modular structure of elementary building blocks used in the circuit model with the advantages of a measurement-based approach to quantum computation. We show how to construct optimal resource states of minimal size to implement elementary building blocks for encoded quantum computation in a measurement-based way, including states for error correction and encoded gates. The performance of the scheme is determined by the quality of the resource states, where within this error model we find a threshold of the order of 10% local noise per particle for fault-tolerant quantum computation and quantum communication.
Spectral Analysis for Neural Signals (2008)

This chapter introduces concepts fundamental to spectral analysis and applies spectral analysis to char-acterize neural signals. Spectral analysis is a form of time series analysis and concerns a series of events
'Show Us the Cells,' U.S. Researchers Say (2002)

STEM CELL LINESOne year after President George W. Bush announced that some 60 human embryonic stem cell lines were available, U.S. scientists have their hands on just four; practical and legal hurdles have kept most of the lines in the labs where they were derived. And because relatively few have been fully characterized, it's not clear that all of them are in fact bona fide stem cells.
Homo-Freidinger Lactams: Stereoselective Synthesis of 4-Aminopiperidin-2-one Derivatives from Aspartic Acid (1998)

Starting from aspartic acid a stereoselective synthesis of enantiomerically pure 4-aminopiperidin-2-ones which can serve as conformationally restrained β-amino acid equivalents in peptidomimetics is described. The synthesis is based on the regioselective functionalization of the 1,4-bis-electrophile 2b and a diastereoselective introduction of various side chain equivalents into the lactam-α-position of 4b, c.
Anatomic Variations of the Arteries of the Nasal Fossa (2003)

This study defines the vascular territories of the nasal fossa arteries and includes photographs of dissections.
Problems of Combustion in Chemical Technology and in Metallurgy (1976)

Combustion processes leading to the formation of valuable products of chemical technology and metallurgy — acetylene, carbon black, starting materials for acid manufacture, metal oxides, ferro-alloys, refractory compounds, etc. — are surveyed with emphasis on the possibilities and the advantages of combustion as a technical chemical procedure. Prospects for the widespread utilisation of combustion processes in chemical technology and metallurgy are examined on the basis of specific examples. Certain aspects of the development of combustion theory in connection with technical problems are discussed. A list of 78 references is included.
Induction of two immunochemically related rat liver cytochrome P-450 isozymes, cytochromes P-450c and P-450d, by structurally diverse xenobiotics. (1983)

We have previously shown that purified rat liver cytochromes P-450c and P-450d share some but not all immunochemical determinants (Reik, L. M., Levin, W., Ryan, D.E., and Thomas, P.E. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 3950-3957). Antibody to cytochrome P-450d cross-reacts with cytochrome P-450c to form an immunoprecipitin band in the Ouchterlony test, but no detectable immunoprecipitin ring is formed in a radial immunodiffusion assay. However, the addition of purified cytochrome P-450c to purified cytochrome P-450d in the radial immunodiffusion assay alters the cytochrome P-450d standard curve. Appropriate corrections have been made for the interference of cytochrome P-450c in the immunoquantitation of cytochrome P-450d. Twelve structurally diverse xenobiotics have been examined for their capacity to modulate the levels of cytochrome P-450d, as well as cytochromes P-450a, P-450b, and P-450c, in rat liver microsomes. Five compounds (isosafrole, 3-methylcholanthrene, beta-naphthoflavone, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, and phenothiazine) and the polychlorinated biphenyl mixture Aroclor 1254 are potent in vivo inducers of cytochrome P-450d (0.44-0.89 nmol of cytochrome P-450d/mg of microsomal protein). Control rats have low levels of this microsomal hemoprotein (0.04-0.05 nmol of cytochrome P-450d/mg of microsomal protein). Isosafrole induces cytochrome P-450d to a greater extent than cytochrome P-450c, Aroclor 1254 induces both hemoproteins to similar extents, and the remaining four compounds preferentially induce cytochrome P-450c relative to cytochrome P-450d. All of these structurally diverse compounds induce cytochromes P-450d and P-450c, suggesting that the inducibility of these cytochrome P-450 isozymes, but not cytochromes P-450a and P-450b, is linked.
LOCATION, SELECTION, AND MAINTENANCE OF HIGHWAY TRAFFIC BARRIERS (1971)

JUDICIOUS APPLICATION OF CURRENT STATE-OF-THE-ART INFORMATION ON TRAFFIC BARRIERS SHOULD RESULT IN SAFER HIGHWAYS. TRAFFIC BARRIERS, AS DEFINED HEREIN, CONSIST OF (1) LONGITUDINAL SYSTEMS, SUCH AS GUARDRAILS, MEDIAN BARRIERS, AND BRIDGE RAILS; AND (2) CRASH CUSHION SYSTEMS, SUCH AS A NEST OF STEEL DRUMS. THE REPORT IS DIRECTED PRIMARILY FOR USE BY HIGHWAY DESIGNERS AS A GUIDE AND BY MAINTENANCE GROUPS AS AN AID IN UPGRADING EXISTING INSTALLATIONS. BECAUSE IT IS RECOGNIZED THAT TRAFFIC BARRIERS ARE HAZARDS IN THEMSELVES, EMPHASIS IS PLACED ON REDUCING THE NUMBER OF SUCH INSTALLATIONS TO ONLY THOSE THAT CAN BE FIRMLY JUSTIFIED. NO ATTEMPT IS MADE TO HANDLE EACH OF THE INFINITE VARIETY OF ROADSIDE CONDITIONS. HOWEVER, THE MORE COMMON HIGHWAY-SITE CONDITIONS ARE TREATED IN DETAIL. WITH THIS BACKGROUND AND WITH SOUND ENGINEERING JUDGMENT, THESE TREATMENTS CAN BE EXTENDED TO APPLY TO THE MAJORITY OF ROADSIDE CONDITIONS. DESIGN PROCEDURES INVOLVE TWO BASIC STEPS-DETERMINATION OF THE NEED AND SELECTION OF THE APPROPRIATE SYSTEM. SPECIFIC WARRANTS FOR AN INSTALLATION ARE DETERMINED FORM THE ROADWAY PROPERTIES (SUCH AS SHOULDER EMBANKMENT GEOMETRY) AND THE LOCATION AND TYPE OF ROADSIDE OBSTACLES. TRAFFIC BARRIER SYSTEMS EVALUATED BY FULL-SCALE CRASH TESTS AND SATISFACTORY SERVICE PERFORMANCE ARE PRESENTED, TOGETHER WITH A SELECTION PROCEDURE. /HRB/
Training, proctoring, credentialing in endoscopic surgery (1997)

SummaryAlthough the procedures of endoscopic surgery are in many ways, simply a new way of approaching old, familiar problems, certain technical aspects are sufficiently different enough from the common experience of the general surgeon so as to require special training and certification for competency. The introduction of laparoscopic cholecystectomy worldwide showed that many aspects of endoscopic surgery deserved emphasis in training. These include the unique instruments, equipment, and techniques associated with videoendoscopic procedures and, perhaps of even greater importance, the differences in anatomic exposure and perspective afforded by the laparoscope [1–4]. Surgeons used to working in a three-dimensional environment with extensive tactile sensation were forced to learn to operate at a distance from the target tissue using instruments that provided much less feel for the tissues. Direct visualization of the operative field was replaced by a narrow field of view and a magnified, two-dimensional video image, with the video monitor often at an angle to the operative field. Despite these hurdles, the new endoscopic technology was rapidly introduced to clinical practice, stimulated both by the pace of development in the industry and by patient demand for less invasive surgery. But the endoscopic revolution was not accomplished without cost. In the years between 1989 and 1994, many practicing surgeons took brief, 1 or 2 day courses and proceeded to initiate laparoscopic cholecystectomy into their clinical practice with a minimum of experience or expert assistance. Concomitantly, anecdotal experience from oversight institutions and referral centres documented a sharp increase in major, primarily bile duct-related, complications from these procedures, complications that occurred significantly more often than would be expected from open cholecystectomy. Although equipment failure and the early state of the technology accounted for some of these complications, professional organizations and government groups in the United States [5,6] and Europe [7] concluded that many occurred because of inadequate training, minimal supervision and poor endoscopic surgical technique despite the fact that many of the surgeons were otherwise quite experienced open biliary surgeons. More recently, a similar learning curve has been observed for other, more advanced laparoscopic procedures such as antireflux procedures and colectomy [8]. In response, numerous organizations and individuals have proposed or ratified a structured approach to training and credentialing [9–12].
Photo-to-search (2005)

Nowadays, mobile phones with the digital camera are getting more and more popular. With necessary technologies, they are possible to become a powerful tool to search the Web on the go. Most Web search engines only support text queries. Therefore, users have to convert their information needs into words. However, it is sometimes difficult to describe the needs in text and the text input is inconvenient on small devices. To solve the problem, we propose a system named Photo-to-Search which allows users to input multimodal queries. Particularly, we study queries with captured images and optional text messages in this paper. For example, the user can simply take a photo of the flower and input a few terms like "flower". Textually relevant Web images are retrieved according to the query terms. Afterwards, the snapped picture is compared with these images by the CBIR (Content Based Image Retrieval) method. According to the context of the visually similar images, related key phrases are extracted. Finally, the search results are returned in multiple forms. Our system can also search for very similar images on the Web, such as movie posters or photos of film stars, to find related information. Experimental results on the large scale data showed our system achieved satisfactory efficiency and performance.