gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Storage Characteristics of Li Accumulators at Open‐Circuit Voltage above 3.0 V (1992)

The storage characteristics of Li accumulators with three different cathode materials , , and are studied. A capacity loss of 4–10% per month at room temperature in ether‐based electrolytes is observed. This rate depends on the impurity level of the electrolytes but not on nature of the cathode. After storage the accumulators are not always able to completely recover their initial capacity due to irreversible losses. It is shown that these losses are higher for vanadium oxides than for manganese oxide. In a well‐purified electrolyte, cells based on the latter material do not show appreciable irreversible losses (compared to 1–2%/month for the vanadium oxides). It is demonstrated that, under the experimental conditions adopted, the processes taking place at the cathode/electrolyte interface are mainly responsible for the lower capacity observed after storage. Three experiments support this hypothesis: (i) rocking chair, Li‐free cells show the same rate of capacity loss as the lithium accumulators; (ii) the charge to reach the upper voltage limit, after storage, is equal to the capacity loss during storage; and (iii) the self‐discharge during storage of a cycled cell with cathode (highly developed surface of Li deposit) is similar to that of an uncycled cell (smooth surface of bulk Li).
An Efficient 1,2-Chelation-Controlled Reduction of Protected Hydroxy Ketones via Red-Al (2008)

In this paper, we have demonstrated that Red-Al is an efficient chelation-controlled reducing reagent for acyclic acetal (i.e., MOM, MEM, SEM, and BOM) protected alpha-hydroxy ketones. Typically, diastereomeric ratios (dr) ranged from 5 to 20:1 for the 1,2- anti-diols in good to excellent yields.
Nitrilase‐Catalyzed Selective Hydrolysis of Dinitriles and Green Access to the Cyanocarboxylic Acids of Pharmaceutical Importance. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
BISS (2003)

We investigate secure routing in ad hoc networks in which security associations exist only between a subset of all pairs of nodes. We focus on source routing protocols. We show that to establish secure routes, it is in general not necessary that security associations exist between all pairs of nodes; a fraction of security associations is sufficient. We analyze the performance of existing proposals for secure routing in such conditions. We also propose a new protocol, designed specifically for ad hoc networks with an incomplete set of security associations between the nodes. We call this protocol BISS: a protocol for Building Secure Routing out of an Incomplete Set of Security Associations. We present a detailed analysis of this protocol, based on simulations, and show that it can be as secure as the existing proposals that rely on a complete set of security associations.
Direct band gap germanium in high Q-factor cavities (2016)

Germanium as well as silicon suffers from the indirect band gap character of their electronic band structures limiting their integration as efficient source in Si-photonics. This limitation can be overcomed in germanium by tensile strain engineering. Theoretical analysis reported in the literature have predicted the indirect-to-direct transition cross-over in germanium for values of biaxial tensile strain, ranging from 1.5 to 2 %. In this work, we show that direct band gap germanium can be obtained by transferring tensile strain with nitride stressor layers. We have experimentally determined that the cross-over occurs for a biaxial tensile strain of 1.67% by using temperature-dependent photoluminescence measurements. While several methods have been employed to achieve very high tensile strain to germanium, very few works have addressed their compatibility with the design of optical resonators allowing the control of the emission for lasing operation. We have fabricated highly strained microdisks with enhanced Q-factors for Fabry-Perot (FP) quasi-radial modes thanks to a specific design of Bragg reflector pattern at the periphery. We have obtained Q-factor values of 2000 for FP modes with strained Ge disk cavities opening perspectives to develop efficient sources with this material.
Polysilicon thin-film transistors fabricated from laser-processed sputtered-silicon films (2002)

Excimer lasers have been successfully applied to fabrication of low temperature TFTs, since their laser fluence is sufficient to melt silicon, and its pulse-duration is short enough (i.e. 30 ns) to avoid overheating the substrate. With excimer laser processes available for crystallization and doping of TFTs, the major remaining bottleneck in development of a low temperature TFT process is deposition of the silicon film. Although a great deal of work has been put into investigation of PECVD a-Si films, little work has been put into examination of sputtered a-Si films. While both PECVD and sputtering methods are low temperature processes, the H concentration in the silicon films is more easily controlled using the sputtering technique. H-rich films are unattractive for laser processing, since the laser fluence must be gradually increased to avoid ablating the film due to explosive H evolution, and this use of multiple fluences reduces manufacturing throughput. A sputtered silicon film with little H content can be laser processed in similar fashion to an LPCVD film. This work presents TFTs fabricated from laser-crystallized sputtered silicon films of various H concentrations, and compares them to similarly processed LPCVD TFTs.
Miscible, Porous Media Displacements with Density Stratification (2004)

High accuracy, three-dimensional numerical simulations of miscible displacements with gravity override, in both homogeneous and heterogeneous porous media, are discussed for the quarter five-spot configuration. The influence of viscous and gravitational effects on the overall displacement dynamics is described in terms of the vorticity variable. Density differences influence the flow primarily by establishing a narrow gravity layer, in which the effective Peclet number is enhanced due to the higher flow rate. Although this effect plays a dominant role in homogeneous flows, it is suppressed to some extent in heterogeneous displacements. This is a result of coupling between the viscous and permeability vorticity fields. When the viscous wavelength is much larger than the permeability wavelength, gravity override becomes more effective because coupling between the viscous and permeability vorticity fields is less pronounced. Buoyancy forces of a certain magnitude can lead to a pinch-off of the gravity layer, thereby slowing it down.
Optical characterization at 77 µm of an integrated platform based on chalcogenide waveguides for sensing applications in the mid-infrared (2016)

A selenide integrated platform working in the mid-infrared was designed, fabricated and optically characterized at 7.7 µm. Ge-Sb-Se multilayered structures were deposited by RF magnetron sputtering. Using i-line photolithography and fluorine-based reactive ion etching, ridge waveguides were processed as Y-junction, spiral and S-shape waveguides. Single-mode optical propagation at 7.7 µm was observed by optical near-field imaging and optical propagation losses of 2.5dB/cm are measured. Limits of detection of 14.2 ppm and 1.6 ppm for methane and nitrous oxide, respectively, could be potentially measured by using this platform as an evanescent field sensor. Hence, these technological, experimental and theoretical results represent a first step towards the development of an integrated optical sensor operating in the mid-infrared wavelength range.
Repair of Atrial Septal Defects via Limited Right Anterolateral Thoracotomy (2002)

The Port-Access approach of ASD closure constitutes a valid alternative to sternotomy with the same standards of results and quality.
Removal of time-varying errors in network-analyser measurements: signal normalisation and test results (2002)

A new approach to network-analyser measurements has been developed, which uses a dynamic-error suppression technique to remove time-varying component-drift errors (such as amplifier- and filter-response changes) and physical‐device errors (such as response changes due to cable flexure). This dynamic-error suppression technique is combined with a conventional static-error suppression technique, such as ‘short/open/load/thru’ (SOLT) or ‘thru/reflection/line’ (TRL), to remove all types of errors. This procedure is referred to as the accurate real-time total-error-suppression technique (ARTTEST). Special signal flow models and normalisation equations are developed for the suppression of both static and time-varying errors in the transmitter, receiver, reference, and link circuitry. In order to test the prototype system, time-varying reflection and transmission errors are introduced in the various paths in the ARTTEST network analyser. Based on these tests, it is found that the ARTTEST network analyser&apos;s dynamic-error suppression technique provides an improvement, when compared with conventional network analyser measurements, of greater than 50 dB for reflection and greater than 40 dB for transmission measurements. Corresponding improvements of greater than a factor of 300 for reflection phase and greater than a factor of 100 improvement for measurements of transmission phase are also achieved.
Molecular Imaging of Mesenchymal Stem Cell (2011)

hMSCs differentiated into endothelial cells and integrated into blood vessels after experimental myocardial infarction. The differentiated hMSCs only lasted for up to 50 days in vivo, but improvement in cardiac function persisted for up to 6 months. Increased angiogenesis and decreased fibrosis were associated with cardiac functional improvement after hMSC transplantation.
Cycloadditionen mit Azabenzolen, IX1) Synthese und Struktur von Cyclopenta[c]pyrido[2.1‐f][1,2,4]‐triazinen (1975)

Abstract Die 1,2,4‐Triazine 1a‐1g reagieren mit 4,5,6,7‐Tetrachlorspiro[2.4]hepta‐1,4,6‐trien‐1,2‐dicarbonsäure‐dimethylester (4) zu Cyclopenta[c]pyrido[2.1‐ f ]p1,2,4]triazinen 5a‐5g , deren Struktur durch Röntgenstrukturanalyse von 5a gesichert wurde. Aus 1g and 4 entstand neben wenig 5g eine isomere Verbindung, bei der es sich um ein Cyclopenta[ c ]pyrido[2.1‐ b ][1,2,4]‐triazin 12 handelt.
Modern Approaches to the Study of Cytochrome Oxidase (1982)

Resonance Raman (RR) and magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectroscopies are applied to problems involving the structures of stable and transient forms of cytochrome oxidase and its derivatives. Results suggest that resting cytochrome oxidase contains its cytochrome a3 heme component as hexacoordinated high spin iron(III). The metastable oxygenated cytochrome oxidase derivatives Compound C, pulsed oxidase, and the hydrogen peroxide adduct of the resting enzyme were studied using low temperature solution techniques. Combined RR and MCD results indicate that cytochrome a3 in these intermediates contains iron(III) in its intermediate spin state (S =3/2). The low-frequency RR spectrum of resting cytochrome oxidase excited within the cytochrome a3 Soret transition reveals features that apparently are not due to the heme, and that bear a striking resemblance to the RR spectra of azurin, laccase, and plastocyanin, suggesting that electron paramagnetic resonance undetectable copper in cytochrome oxidase may have a structure related to type 1 copper. Fundamental features of the molecular and electronic structure of heme a are discussed in light of their effect on π → π* electronic, RR, and MCD spectroscopies of heme a compared to hemes having effective fourfold symmetry. The effect of these considerations on spectroscopic studies of cytochrome oxidase is predicted.
Aristotle. The Nicomachean Ethics. Translated and introduced by SirDavid Ross (The World's Classics). London: Oxford University Press, 1954. Pp. xxxiv + 284. 5s. (1957)

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Electrothermal Polymer Nanocomposite Actuators (2010)

Through the addition of a conductive nanofiller and the selection of an appropriate actuator geometry, high-strain reversible actuation can be induced electrothermally in polymer nanocomposite films by exploiting either of two common thermomechanical processes, namely thermal expansion (T<Tg) or mechanical softening (T>Tg).
Biomechanical and Histomorphometric Study of the Bone-Screw Interface of Calcium Pyrophosphate Coated Titanium Screws (2005)

The purpose of this study is to compare the osseointegration of calcium pyrophosphate(CPP) coated screws with uncoated screws. CPP coating was prepared and coated by dipping method. CPP coated and uncoated screws were inserted into the mongrel dogs. The insertion torques, radiographs, histology, histomorphometric analysis, and extraction torques were evaluated at 2, 4, and 8 weeks after surgery. The insertion torque was not different between CPP coated and uncoated screws. The extraction torques of CPP coated screws at 2, 4, and 8 weeks(5.45±2.05, 7.62±1.51 and 6.60±2.80 cNM) were significantly higher than their insertion torques(2.74±1.13, 2.98±0.70, and 2.18±1.34 cNM)(p&lt;0.0001, &lt;0.0001 and 0.0005 respectively) and significantly higher than the extraction torques of uncoated screws(1.14±0.470, 2.57±1.36, and 3.18 ±0.499 cNM). The percentages of direct bone-screw contact of CPP coated screws were statistically higher than those of uncoated screws at 2, 4, and 8 weeks. These results suggest that CPP coating may improve the clinical results by allowing early motion exercises and early weight bearing.
Bayesian Optimization of Combinatorial Structures (2018)

The optimization of expensive-to-evaluate black-box functions over combinatorial structures is an ubiquitous task in machine learning, engineering and the natural sciences. The combinatorial explosion of the search space and costly evaluations pose challenges for current techniques in discrete optimization and machine learning, and critically require new algorithmic ideas. This article proposes, to the best of our knowledge, the first algorithm to overcome these challenges, based on an adaptive, scalable model that identifies useful combinatorial structure even when data is scarce. Our acquisition function pioneers the use of semidefinite programming to achieve efficiency and scalability. Experimental evaluations demonstrate that this algorithm consistently outperforms other methods from combinatorial and Bayesian optimization.
Role of changes in renal hemodynamics and P-450 metabolites of arachidonic acid in the reversal of one-kidney, one clip hypertension (1995)

Elevations in renal cortical or papillary blood flow, or both, may stimulate the release of a P-450-derived antihypertensive lipid from the kidney after unclipping of the renal artery in 1-K,1C hypertensive rats. However, it is unlikely that this substance is a P-450 metabolite of arachidonic acid.
Insulin Resistance and Hypertension: Seven-Year Follow-Up Study in Middle-Aged Japanese Men (the KEIO Study) (2003)

Only a few longitudinal studies in Asians have shown a close association between hyperinsulinemia and the incidence of hypertension. In the present study, we used the insulin resistance index, HOMA-IR [fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (mmol/l) X insulin (microUl/ml) / 22.5], and tried to elucidate longitudinally the relationship among insulin resistance, blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), FPG, and lipid profile in middle-aged Japanese men. Three hundred and ten male non-hypertensive subjects aged 30 to 58 years in 1993 (44.5 +/- 7.8 (SD) years; BMI, 22.6 +/- 2.5 kg/m2) were divided into three groups according to HOMA-IR (A: lowest; B: middle; and C: highest). Their BMI, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate, FPG and lipid profile were followed up for 7 years. The percentage of high normal blood pressure in 1993 and 2000 did not differ among the three groups. However, in 2000 hypertensive subjects made up 11.7% of group A (12/103), 15.4% of group B (16/104), and 29.1% of group C (30/103) (chi2 = 11.50, p = 0.003). SBP, DBP, and many other metabolic parameters in 2000 were significantly higher in group C than in the other groups. Furthermore, both SBP and DBP in 2000 were positively correlated with HOMA-IR in 1993 (r = 0.17 and p < 0.01 for both). The correlation between HOMA-IR in 1993 and DBP in 2000 was significant, even after adjustment for age and BMI in 1993. These findings suggest an important role of insulin resistance in predicting the future incidence of hypertension in middle-aged Japanese men.
Acid-induced death in neurons and glia (1991)

Lactic acidosis has been proposed to be one factor promoting cell death following cerebral ischemia. We have previously demonstrated that cultured neurons and glial are killed by relatively brief (10 min) exposure to acidic solutions of pH less than 5 (Goldman et al., 1989). In the present series of experiments, we investigated the relationship between changes in intracellular pH (pHi) and cellular viability. pHi was measured using fluorescent pH probes and was manipulated by changing extracellular pH (pHe). Homeostatic mechanisms regulating pHi in neurons and glia were quickly overwhelmed: neither neurons nor glial cells were able to maintain baseline pHi when incubated at pHe below 6.8. Neuronal and glial death was a function of both the degree and the duration of intracellular acidification, such that the LD50 following timed exposure to HCl increased from pH, 3.5 for 10-min acid incubations to pHi 5.9 for 2-hr exposures and pHi 6.5 for 6-hr exposures. Replacement of HCl with lactic acid raised the LD50 to pHi 4.5 for 10-min acid exposures, but did not change the LD50 for longer exposures: pHi measurements concurrent with extracellular acidification suggested that the greater cytotoxicity of lactic acid relative to that of HCl was caused by the more rapid intracellular acidification associated with lactic acid. The onset of death after exposure to moderately acidic solutions was delayed in some cells, such that death of the entire cell population became evident only 48 hr after acid exposure. During this latency period, cellular viability indices and ATP levels fell in parallel.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Proteomic and functional analyses of the periodic membrane skeleton in neurons (2022)

Actin, spectrin, and associated molecules form a membrane-associated periodic skeleton (MPS) in neurons. The molecular composition and functions of the MPS remain incompletely understood. Here, using co-immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry, we identified hundreds of potential candidate MPS-interacting proteins that span diverse functional categories. We examined representative proteins in several of these categories using super-resolution imaging, including previously unknown MPS structural components, as well as motor proteins, cell adhesion molecules, ion channels, and signaling proteins, and observed periodic distributions characteristic of the MPS along the neurites for ~20 proteins. Genetic perturbations of the MPS and its interacting proteins further suggested functional roles of the MPS in axon-axon and axon-dendrite interactions and in axon diameter regulation, and implicated the involvement of MPS interactions with cell adhesion molecules and non-muscle myosin in these roles. These results provide insights into the interactome of the MPS and suggest previously unknown functions of the MPS in neurons.
Open Die Forging of Large Shafts with Defects – Physical and Numerical Modelling (2013)

The aim and scope of this paper is centered to analyze the influence of the geometry of V-shaped dies on the closure of internal centerline porosity defects in ingots during multistep open-die forging. The investigation is performed with small scale physical models made from lead using V-shaped dies with 90º and 120º and a reference pair of flat parallel platens. Holes drilled through the center of these preforms are produced to mimic centerline porosity in full scale cast ingots and intermediate rotation of the preforms replicate a multi-stage forging sequence under laboratory testing conditions. The presentation is supported by finite element modelling using an in-house developed computer program and the overall investigation shows that better results in closure of centerline defects are obtained with a V-shaped die with 120º die angle.
Formal Test Point Insertion for Region-based Low-Capture-Power Compact At-Speed Scan Test (2016)

Launch-Switching-Activity (LSA) is a serious problem during at-speed testing of integrated circuits, since localized LSA may lead to severe IR-drop and thus failures. The excessive LSA is conventionally mitigated by reducing the switching activity through special low-power test generation techniques, typically resulting in severe test pattern inflation and high test costs. This work introduces a novel concept of Low-Capture-Power Test Points (LCP-TPs), which are inserted to reduce switching activity in critical High-Capture-Power (HCP) regions. LCP-TPs also help in retaining high test compaction capability. An optimization- SAT based procedure is proposed to compute a small set of optimal LCP-TP locations for compact at-speed test sets with effective capture power reduction. Experimental results clearly demonstrate the advantages of LCP-TP insertion.
The collective: a cache-based system management architecture (2005)

This paper presents the Collective, a system that delivers managed desktops to personal computer (PC) users. System administrators are responsible for the creation and maintenance of the desktop environments, or virtual appliances, which include the operating system and all installed applications. PCs run client software, called the virtual appliance transceiver, that caches and runs the latest copies of appliances locally and continuously backs up changes to user data to a network repository. This model provides the advantages of central management, such as better security and lower cost of management, while leveraging the cost-effectiveness of commodity PCs.With a straightforward design, this model provides a comprehensive suite of important system functions including machine lockdown, system updates, error recovery, backups, and support for mobility. These functions are made available to all desktop environments that run on the x86 architecture, while remaining protected from the environments and their many vulnerabilities. The model is suitable for managing computers on a LAN, WAN with broadband, or even computers occasionally disconnected from the network like a laptop. Users can access their desktops from any Collective client; they can also carry a bootable drive that converts a PC into a client; finally, they can use a remote display client from a browser to access their desktop running on a remote server.We have developed a prototype of the Collective system and have used it for almost a year. We have found the system helpful in simplifying the management of our desktops while imposing little performance overhead.
Revised crystal structure and luminescent properties of gadolinium oxyfluoride Gd4O3F6doped with Eu3+ions (2014)

The structure of gadolinium oxyfluoride nanoparticles was revised. Extensive studies including X-ray diffraction and Rietveld refinement as well as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the monoclinic P12/c1 crystal structure of Gd4O3F6. Morphological analysis using transmission electron microscopy showed the nanocrystallinity of the materials prepared via the sol-gel Pechini's method. The luminescent properties of the prepared materials with different concentrations of Eu(3+) ions were characterized by emission spectroscopy. The phosphors obtained were investigated in the vacuum ultraviolet range using synchrotron radiation. The Judd-Ofelt parameters (Ω2, Ω4) and emission efficiencies η were calculated and are discussed in detail.