gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photoluminescence Quantum Efficiency of Self Assembled Germanium Nanocrystals (2009)

Germanium nanocrystals (NCs) were formed by in-situ thermal annealing of an amorphous Ge layer deposited by molecular beam epitaxy on a thin SiO2 layer on Si(001). The Ge NCs were then capped in situ with a thin layer of amorphous Si to prevent oxidation. For samples with average NC diameters ranging from 2.5 to 60 nm, the NC photoluminescence (PL) appeared primarily as a wide near-infrared band peaked near 800 meV. Using both the k•p and tight binding theoretical models, we have analyzed the PL spectrum in terms of the NC size distribution required to reproduce the observed asymmetric band shape, which includes, for the smaller diameter NCs, a band gap enlargement due to quantum confinement. The peak energy of the PL band reflects the average NC size and its shape depends on the NC size distribution. The observed size distribution determined from transmission electron microscopy analysis allowed the determination of the nonlinear increase in the PL quantum efficiency with decreasing NC diameter. Alternatively, given a good theoretical description of the system, it is thus possible to evaluate the size distribution of semiconductor NCs from their PL energy dependence.
Quantitative techniques in 18FDG PET scanning in oncology (2008)

The clinical applications of (18)F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose ((18)FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) in oncology are becoming established. While simple static scanning techniques are used for the majority of routine clinical examinations, increasing use of PET in clinical trials to monitor treatment response with (18)FDG and novel tracers reflecting different pharmacodynamic end points, often necessitates a more complex and quantitative analysis of radiopharmaceutical kinetics. A wide range of PET analysis techniques exist, ranging from simple visual analysis and semiquantitative methods to full dynamic studies with kinetic analysis. These methods are discussed, focusing particularly on the available methodologies that can be utilised in clinical trials.
Enhancing Health Care Delivery through Ambient Intelligence Applications (2012)

This paper presents the implementation of a smart environment that employs Ambient Intelligence technologies in order to augment a typical hospital room with smart features that assist both patients and medical staff. In this environment various wireless and wired sensor technologies have been integrated, allowing the patient to control the environment and interact with the hospital facilities, while a clinically oriented interface allows for vital sign monitoring. The developed applications are presented both from a patient's and a doctor's perspective, offering different services depending on the user's role. The results of the evaluation process illustrate the need for such a service, leading to important conclusions about the usefulness and crucial role of AmI in health care.
The Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) as outcome measure for hormone treatment? A validation study. (2004)

The MRS scale showed some evidence for its ability to measure treatment effects on quality of life across the full range of severity of complaints in aging women. This however needs confirmation in other and better-designed clinical/outcome studies.
Ampèrian recoil and the efficiency of railguns (1987)

In this paper the mechanical efficiency of the railgun is defined as the force accelerating the armature-projectile combination divided by the total electrodynamic force generated in the gun. The energy expended in a shot may then be equated to the ohmic loss plus the kinetic energy that would have been developed in the absence of mechanical losses. In this way it can be shown that the overall energy efficiency can never be greater than the square of the mechanical efficiency. Comparing calculations with experimental data makes it clear the reported disappointing performance of railguns is due to some ill-understood mechanical deficiency. A simple experiment is described which reveals buckling and distortion of the rails by recoil action. This explains the mechanical inefficiency. In relativistic electromagnetism, the recoil force should act ‘‘on the magnetic field’’ and absorb field-energy momentum. The Ampère–Neumann electrodynamics, on the other hand, requires the recoil forces to reside in the railheads and push the rails back toward the gun breech. Experiment confirmed the latter mechanism.
Improved Success in Nonoperative Management of Blunt Splenic Injuries (1998)

Aggressive surveillance for and embolization of posttraumatic splenic artery pseudoaneurysms improved the rate of successful nonoperative management of blunt splenic trauma to 61%, with a nonoperative failure rate of only 6%. In comparison with our previous work, this reduction in failure of nonoperative management is a significant improvement (p < 0.03).
Cardiopulmonary monitoring in intra-abdominal hypertension. (2011)

Cardiopulmonary dysfunction and failure are commonly encountered in the patient with intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) or abdominal compartment syndrome. Accurate assessment and optimization of preload, contractility, and afterload in conjunction with appropriate goal-directed resuscitation and assessment of fluid responsiveness are essential to restore end-organ perfusion. In patients with IAH, the traditional "barometric" preload indicators such as pulmonary artery occlusion pressure and central venous pressure are erroneously increased. Volumetric monitoring techniques have been proven to be superior in directing the appropriate resuscitation together with targeted abdominal perfusion pressure. If such limitations are not recognized, misinterpretation of the patient's cardiac status is likely, resulting in inappropriate and potentially detrimental therapy. IAH also markedly affects the mechanical properties of the chest wall and consequently also the respiratory function. Altered mechanical properties of the chest wall may limit ventilation, influence the work of breathing, affect the interaction between the respiratory muscles, hasten the development of respiratory failure, and interfere with gas exchange. Pulmonary monitoring is important to understand the relationships between intra-abdominal pressure and chest wall mechanics and the impact of IAH on ventilator-induced lung injury, lung distention, recruitment, and lung edema.
Physics-Informed Machine Learning for the Development of Microstructure-Sensitive Deformation and Damage Models in Engineering Applications. (2021)

Abstract not provided.
Single-base substitutions in theCHMpromoter as a cause of choroideremia (2017)

Although over 150 unique mutations affecting the coding sequence of CHM have been identified in patients with the X-linked chorioretinal disease choroideremia (CHM), no regulatory mutations have been reported, and indeed the promoter has not been defined. Here, we describe two independent families affected by CHM bearing a mutation outside the gene's coding region at position c.-98: C>A and C>T, which segregated with the disease. The male proband of family 1 was found to lack CHM mRNA and its gene product Rab escort protein 1, whereas whole-genome sequencing of an affected male in family 2 excluded the involvement of any other known retinal genes. Both mutations abrogated luciferase activity when inserted into a reporter construct, and by further employing the luciferase reporter system to assay sequences 5' to the gene, we identified the CHM promoter as the region encompassing nucleotides c.-119 to c.-76. These findings suggest that the CHM promoter region should be examined in patients with CHM who lack coding sequence mutations, and reveals, for the first time, features of the gene's regulation.
Influence of Aging, Thermal, Hydrothermal, and Mechanical Treatments on the Porosity of MCM-41 Mesoporous Silica (2002)

A mesoporous siliceous material of MCM-41 type was characterized by nitrogen adsorption, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Its pore diameter, external and internal surface, pore volume, wall thickness, and pore wall density were determined. Special attention was paid to sample aging and its stability toward temperature, water vapor, and mechanical compression, aiming at using this material in industrial applications such as adsorption or catalysis. Calcined MCM-41 loses an important part of its mesoporosity during aging under ambient temperature, pressure, and humidity conditions but then becomes stable after 3 months, still retaining a noticeable porosity. The aged MCM-41 can withstand temperatures up to 873 K and uniaxial compressions up to 100 MPa without too much damage. After contact with water vapor at 358 K, the porous structure was totally destroyed and an amorphous phase was obtained.
Lead-tellurium oxysalts from Otto Mountain near Baker, California: X. Bairdite, Pb2Cu42+Te26+O10(OH)2(SO4)(H2O), a new mineral with thick HCP layers (2013)

Bairdite, Pb_2Cu_4^(2+)Te_2^(6+)O_(10)(OH)_2(SO_4)(H_2O), is a new tellurate-sulfate from Otto Mountain near Baker, California, U.S.A. It occurs in vugs in quartz associated with khinite, cerussite, goethite, and hematite. It is interpreted as having formed from the partial oxidation of primary sulfides and tellurides during or following brecciation of quartz veins. Bairdite is monoclinic, space group P2_1/c, with unit-cell dimensions a = 14.3126(10), b = 5.2267(3), c = 9.4878(5) Å, β = 106.815(7)°, V = 679.41(7) Å^3, and Z = 2. Bairdite occurs as diamond-shaped tabular crystals up to about 250 μm long and 5 μm thick, in subparallel and fan-shaped aggregates. The color is lime green, the streak is pale lime green, and the luster is adamantine. The Mohs hardness is estimated at between 2 and 3. Bairdite is brittle with an irregular fracture and one perfect cleavage on {100}. The calculated density based on the empirical formula is 6.062 g/cm^3. Bairdite is biaxial (+), with calculated indices of refraction of α = 1.953, β = 1.966, and γ = 2.039. The measured 2V is 47(2)°, dispersion is r &lt; v, strong and the optical orientation is Y = b; Z ^ a = 34° in obtuse angle β. The pleochroism is strong: Z (pale green) &lt;&lt;&lt; X (green) &lt; Y (green). Electron microprobe analyses (average of 4) provided: PbO 34.22, CaO 0.06, CuO 23.80, TeO_3 26.34, SO_3 5.74, H_2O 2.81 (structure), total 92.97 wt%. The empirical formula (based on 17 O atoms pfu) is: Pb_(2.05)Ca_(0.01)Cu^(2+)_(3.99)Te^(6+)_(2.00)S_(0.96)O_(17.00)H_(4.16). The eight strongest powder X-ray diffraction lines are [d_(obs) in Å (hkl) I]: 4.77 (110,1̄02) 50, 4.522 (002,011,1̄11) 66, 3.48 (multiple) 62, 2.999 (311,4̄11) 97, 2.701 (5̄02,1̄13,2̄13) 79, 2.614 (013,020) 100, 1.727 (multiple) 65, and 1.509 (9̄11,033,324) 83. The crystal structure of bairdite (R_1 = 0.072 for 1406 reflections with F_o &gt; 4σF) contains edge-sharing chains of Te^(6+)O_6 and Cu^(2+)O_6 octahedra parallel to b that are joined by corner-sharing in the a direction, forming thick stair-step-like hexagonal close packed layers parallel to {100}. The polyhedral sheet has similarities to those in the structures of timroseite and paratimroseite. The thick interlayer region contains PbO_(10) polyhedra and half-occupied SO_4 groups. Raman and infrared spectral data are presented.
Cysteamine improves growth and the GH/IGF axis in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata): in vivo and in vitro approaches (2023)

Aquaculture is the fastest-growing food production sector and nowadays provides more food than extractive fishing. Studies focused on the understanding of how teleost growth is regulated are essential to improve fish production. Cysteamine (CSH) is a novel feed additive that can improve growth through the modulation of the GH/IGF axis; however, the underlying mechanisms and the interaction between tissues are not well understood. This study aimed to investigate the effects of CSH inclusion in diets at 1.65 g/kg of feed for 9 weeks and 1.65 g/kg or 3.3 g/kg for 9 weeks more, on growth performance and the GH/IGF-1 axis in plasma, liver, stomach, and white muscle in gilthead sea bream (<i>Sparus aurata</i>) fingerlings (1.8 ± 0.03 g) and juveniles (14.46 ± 0.68 g). Additionally, the effects of CSH stimulation in primary cultured muscle cells for 4 days on cell viability and GH/IGF axis relative gene expression were evaluated. Results showed that CSH-1.65 improved growth performance by 16% and 26.7% after 9 and 18 weeks, respectively, while CSH-3.3 improved 32.3% after 18 weeks compared to control diet (0 g/kg). However, no significant differences were found between both experimental doses. CSH reduced the plasma levels of GH after 18 weeks and increased the IGF-1 ones after 9 and 18 weeks. Gene expression analysis revealed a significant upregulation of the <i>ghr-1</i>, different <i>igf-1</i> splice variants, <i>igf-2</i> and the downregulation of the <i>igf-1ra</i> and <i>b</i>, depending on the tissue and dose. Myocytes stimulated with 200 µM of CSH showed higher cell viability and mRNA levels of <i>ghr1</i>, <i>igf-1b</i>, <i>igf-2</i> and <i>igf-1rb</i> compared to control (0 µM) in a similar way to white muscle. Overall, CSH improves growth and modulates the GH/IGF-1 axis <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> toward an anabolic status through different synergic ways, revealing CSH as a feasible candidate to be included in fish feed.
온라인 학습에서 스터디 그룹의 유형에 관한 연구 (2012)

본 연구에서는 온라인 학습환경에서 수강자들간 발생하는 스터디 그룹의 유형과 그 특성을 밝히고자 한다. 이를 위하여 Neiderman & Beise(1999)의 네 가지 이론적 유형(typology)을 바탕으로 연구분석틀을 구성하고, 실제 데이터를 활용하여 실증적 유형(taxanomy)을 도출하고자 하였다. 데이터는 259명의 두 개 대학교 대학생을 대상으로 구성된 46개 팀을 대상으로 하였다. 군집분석 결과 실증적 유형은 Neiderman & Beise(1999)의 이론적 유형에서 수동적 유형(inactive type)을 제외하고 세 가지의 유형이 도출되었다. 또한 학습성과 측면에서는 온오프라인 전방위활용(fully-supported) 유형의 성과가 상대적으로 가상중심형(highly-virtual) 유형 보다 높은것으로 나타났다.
Magnetostrictive force actuators for superprecise positioning (2002)

Magnetostrictive actuators for superprecision positioning in steps of 10/sup -2/ nm over a range of displacements up to 1 m have been developed and investigated. The actuators generate forces up to 10/sup 4/ N and are suitable as force actuators in steps of 10 nm. Exact displacement is achieved by an active element made from Terfenol D alloy based on rare-earth metals with a giant magnetostriction. The actuators can be controlled manually without any additional power source or by using a computer. For manual control the minimum linear-displacement step does not exceed 3 nm, and when the device is used on a turntable the minimum angular displacement step is 15-10/sup -3/ angular seconds, while for computer control these quantities are 10/sup -2/ nm and 4/spl times/10/sup -5/ angular seconds respectively.
Statistical Machine Translation with Scarce Resources Using Morpho-syntactic Information (2004)

In statistical machine translation, correspondences between the words in the source and the target language are learned from parallel corpora, and often little or no linguistic knowledge is used to structure the underlying models. In particular, existing statistical systems for machine translation often treat different inflected forms of the same lemma as if they were independent of one another. The bilingual training data can be better exploited by explicitly taking into account the interdependencies of related inflected forms. We propose the construction of hierarchical lexicon models on the basis of equivalence classes of words. In addition, we introduce sentence-level restructuring transformations which aim at the assimilation of word order in related sentences. We have systematically investigated the amount of bilingual training data required to maintain an acceptable quality of machine translation. The combination of the suggested methods for improving translation quality in frameworks with scarce resources has been successfully tested: We were able to reduce the amount of bilingual training data to less than 10% of the original corpus, while losing only 1.6% in translation quality. The improvement of the translation results is demonstrated on two German-English corpora taken from the Verbmobil task and the Nespole! task.
Biochemical and genetic evidence that yeast extracellular protein phosphatase activity is due to acid phosphatase. (1987)

In this paper evidences are presented strongly confirming that an extracellular 32P-phosphopeptide phosphatase activity of yeast is accounted for by acid phosphatase. Dephosphorylation of 32P phosphoseryl peptides was achieved with whole yeast cells, thus demonstrating extracellular location of protein phosphatase activity. The acid phosphatase and protein phosphatase activity copurified throughout purification procedure. Purified enzyme showed the same pH-profile and had the same Km value with phosphopeptide substrate as intact cells. Protein phosphatase activity is repressed by phosphate in the same manner as acid phosphatase activity, showing that not only repressible but also constitutive acid phosphatase displays protein phosphatase activity. Using mutant strains defective in acid phosphatase activity it was confirmed that acid phosphatase and protein phosphatase activities are the products of the same gene(s).
Natural Products as Promising Antitumoral Agents in Breast Cancer: Mechanisms of Action and Molecular Targets. (2016)

Extensive research over the past several decades has identified numerous dietary and phytochemical compounds that have chemopreventive potential and could represent an important source of anti-cancer lead molecules. In this scenario several nutritional factors have attracted considerable attention as modifiable risk factor in the prevention of breast cancer, the most frequently diagnosed cancer and a major cause of death among women worldwide. There is an immediate need for more effective and less toxic therapeutic and preventive strategies for breast cancers able also to counteract the recurrent phenomenon of resistance to hormonal and targeted therapy that represent the first-line treatment in the management of breast cancer patients. The present review focuses on chemopreventive and anti-cancer activities of different bioactive compounds obtained from dietary sources such as Omega-3 fatty acids, naturally present in fish, Resveratrol (3,5,40-trihydroxy-transstilbene), a phytoalexin found in grapes and Epigallocatechin Gallate, a polyphenolic compound found in green tea, or purified from medicinal plant (Oldenlandia Diffusa) and fruits (Ziziphus Jujube) highlighting their potential use in breast cancer treatment. Herein, we discuss the molecular mechanisms by which the bioactive compounds can inhibit carcinogenesis by regulating antioxidant enzyme activities, and inducing antiproliferative and apoptotic effects in different breast cancer cell lines. Understanding the mechanism of action of dietary compounds or traditionally used herbs having potential preventive and therapeutic effects on cancer may provide a rationale for further translational studies. This review emphasizes the importance, in the next future, of a proper scientific validation of these natural bioactive compounds for clinical use in the therapeutic portfolio for breast cancer.
Supplemental Table S5 from Clonal Hematopoiesis in Young Women Treated for Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Cohort Characteristics Broken Down by CH (Any VAF)&lt;/p&gt;
Semi-Supervised Haptic Material Recognition for Robots using Generative Adversarial Networks (2017)

Material recognition enables robots to incorporate knowledge of material properties into their interactions with everyday objects. For example, material recognition opens up opportunities for clearer communication with a robot, such as "bring me the metal coffee mug", and recognizing plastic versus metal is crucial when using a microwave or oven. However, collecting labeled training data with a robot is often more difficult than unlabeled data. We present a semi-supervised learning approach for material recognition that uses generative adversarial networks (GANs) with haptic features such as force, temperature, and vibration. Our approach achieves state-of-the-art results and enables a robot to estimate the material class of household objects with ~90% accuracy when 92% of the training data are unlabeled. We explore how well this approach can recognize the material of new objects and we discuss challenges facing generalization. To motivate learning from unlabeled training data, we also compare results against several common supervised learning classifiers. In addition, we have released the dataset used for this work which consists of time-series haptic measurements from a robot that conducted thousands of interactions with 72 household objects.
Lucien Anspach: Notice sur sa vie et ses travaux (1920)

14e année.
Scandium supply after ion bombardment on scandate cathodes (1990)

A scandium, barium, and oxygen coverage of monolayer order is essential to the high-emission capability of scandate cathodes. The relationship between surface coverage and emission is demonstrated by combined scanning Auger and emission measurements. A problem with the known cathodes is that the emission recovery after ion bombardment, as may occur during CRT processing, is not yet complete. The problem cannot be solved by simply constructing a mixed-matrix cathode of W and Sc grains because of huge evaporation of Sc during sintering and oxidation of the remainder during subsequent impregnation. How the scandium can be effectively surrounded by a protective layer resulting in considerably improved scandium supply, is discussed. Moreover, experimental results indicate the possibility for further simplification of the cathode manufacture. The latter is shown with the aid of cathodes containing compounds which exhibit Sc surface segregation on heating.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Growth hormone receptor deficiency in Ecuador: clinical and biochemical phenotype in two populations. (1993)

We have identified 56 patients with GH receptor deficiency (Laron syndrome) from two provinces in southern Ecuador, one group of 26 (Loja province) with a 4:1 female predominance and 30 patients from neighboring El Oro province with a normal sex ratio. There were no significant differences between the Loja and El Oro populations in stature (-5.3 to -11.5 standard deviation score), other auxologic measures, or in biochemical measures. GH binding protein, the circulating extracellular domain of the GH receptor, was measured by ligand immunofunction assay and found to be comparably low in children and adults. Levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and -II and the GH-dependent IGF binding protein-3 (measured by RIA) were significantly greater, and GH and IGF binding protein-2 levels significantly lower in adults than children. Levels of IGF-I (adults) and IGF binding protein-3 (children and adults) correlated inversely with statural deviation from normal (P < 0.01). School performance was at an exceptionally high level, 41 out of 47 who had attended school being in the top 3 in classes of 15-50 persons.