gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chronic and persistent viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus infections in Pacific herring (2010)

Chronic viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) infections were established in a laboratory stock of Pacific herring Clupea pallasii held in a large-volume tank supplied with pathogen-free seawater at temperatures ranging from 6.8 to 11.6 degrees C. The infections were characterized by viral persistence for extended periods and near-background levels of host mortality. Infectious virus was recovered from mortalities occurring up to 167 d post-exposure and was detected in normal-appearing herring for as long as 224 d following initial challenge. Geometric mean viral titers were generally as high as or higher in brain tissues than in pools of kidney and spleen tissues, with overall prevalence of infection being higher in the brain. Upon re-exposure to VHSV in a standard laboratory challenge, negligible mortality occurred among groups of herring that were either chronically infected or fully recovered, indicating that survival from chronic manifestations conferred protection against future disease. However, some survivors of chronic VHS infections were capable of replicating virus upon re-exposure. Demonstration of a chronic manifestation of VHSV infection among Pacific herring maintained at ambient seawater temperatures provides insights into the mechanisms by which the virus is maintained among populations of endemic hosts.
Secure Web Access in an Environment of Mutual Distrust (2001)

Based on model structures with atomic resolution, a coarse-grained model for the nucleosome geometry was implemented. The dependence of the chromatin fiber conformation on the spatial orientation of nucleosomes and the path and length of the linker DNA was systematically explored by Monte Carlo simulations. Two fiber types were analyzed in detail that represent nucleosome chains without and with linker histones, respectively: two-start helices with crossed-linker DNA (CL conformation) and interdigitated one-start helices (ID conformation) with different nucleosome tilt angles. The CL conformation was derived from a tetranucleosome crystal structure that was extended into a fiber. At thermal equilibrium, the fiber shape persisted but relaxed into a structure with a somewhat lower linear mass density of 3.1 +/- 0.1 nucleosomes/11 nm fiber. Stable ID fibers required local nucleosome tilt angles between 40 degrees and 60 degrees. For these configurations, much higher mass densities of up to 7.9 +/- 0.2 nucleosomes/11 nm fiber were obtained. A model is proposed, in which the transition between a CL and ID fiber is mediated by relatively small changes of the local nucleosome geometry. These were found to be in very good agreement with changes induced by linker histone H1 binding as predicted from the high resolution model structures.
Antimutagenic Activity of Gigantol from Dendrobium nobile (1997)

A methanol extract from Dendrobium nobile showed a suppressive effect on umu gene expression of the SOS response in Salmonella typhimurium TA1535/pSK1002 against the mutagen 2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)acrylamide (furylfuramide). The methanol extract from D. nobile was re-extracted with n-hexane, dichloromethane, 1-butanol, and water, respectively. A suppressive compound in the n-hexane extract fraction was isolated by SiO2 column chromatography and chemical fractionation and was identified as gigantol by EI-MS and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Gigantol suppressed the SOS-inducing activity of furylfuramide in the umu test. Gene expression was suppressed 90% at <0.73 μmol/mL, and the ID50 value was 0.35 μmol/mL. Gigantol was also assayed with the mutagen 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido[4,3b]indole (Trp-P-1), which requires liver metabolizing enzymes, and it suppressed the SOS-inducing activity of Trp-P-1 in the umu test. Gene expression was suppressed 91% at <0.73 μmol/mL, and the ID50 value was 0.32 μmol/mL. In addition, gigantol was assayed for suppressive effect on UV irradiation in the umu test, where it showed suppression of the SOS-inducing activity caused by UV irradiation. Gene expression was suppressed 84% at <0.36 μmol/mL, and the ID50 value was 0.17 μmol/mL. The antimutagenic activities of gigantol against furylfuramide and Trp-P-1 were assayed by an Ames test using S. typhimurium TA100, which indicated that gigantol suppressed each of the mutagens. Keywords: Dendrobium nobile; gigantol; Orchidaceae; antimutagenic activity; umu test; Ames test
ENaC proteins are required for NGF-induced neurite growth (2005)

Neurite growth is required for nervous system development and repair. Multiple signals, including neurotrophic factors and intact mechanosensing mechanisms, interact to regulate neurite growth. Degenerin/epithelial Na(+) channel (DEG/ENaC) proteins have been identified as putative mechanosensors in sensory neurons. Recently, others have shown that the neurotrophic factor NGF stimulates expression of acid-sensing ion channel molecules, which are members of the DEG/ENaC family. However, it is unknown whether NGF regulates ENaC expression or whether ENaC expression is required for neurite formation. Therefore, the aims of the present study were to determine whether ENaC expression is 1) regulated by NGF and 2) required for NGF-induced neurite growth in pheochromocytoma PC-12 cells. We found NGF-induced expression of beta- and gamma-subunits of ENaC, but not alpha-ENaC. Tyrosine kinase A (TrkA) receptor blockade abolished NGF-induced beta- and gamma-ENaC expression and neurite formation. NGF-induced neurite formation was inhibited by disruption of ENaC expression using 1) pharmacological blockade with benzamil, a specific ENaC inhibitor; 2) small interfering RNA; and 3) dominant-negative ENaC molecules. These data indicate NGF-TrkA regulation of ENaC expression may be required for neurite growth and may suggest a novel role for DEG/ENaC proteins in neuronal remodeling and differentiation.
A phase II study of bendamustine chemotherapy as second-line treatment in metastatic uveal melanoma (2004)

Uveal melanoma is the most frequent primary malignant neoplasm of the eye and has a poor prognosis in metastatic stage. Fotemustine or a combination of gemcitabine and treosulfan has demonstrated some efficacy in metastatic disease. We conducted a phase II trial to assess the second-line activity and toxicity of bendamustine hydrochloride, a nucleoside analogue with alkylating activity. Inclusion criteria were a Karnofsky performance status of > or = 60% and progressive disease during or after first-line chemotherapy. Bendamustine was administered at a dose of 120 mg/m2 on days 1 and 2. Cycles were repeated on day 22. The primary endpoint of the study was the determination of the number of patients achieving an objective response or stable disease. The secondary endpoint was toxicity. Eleven patients were enrolled into the trial. Grade III and IV toxicity consisted of anaemia, thrombocytopenia and leucocytopenia in two, one and two patients, respectively. No grade III or IV non-haematological toxicity was observed. According to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours (RECIST), all patients showed progressive disease. We conclude that bendamustine is ineffective as second-line chemotherapy for metastatic uveal melanoma.
Telocinobufagin and Marinobufagin Produce Different Effects in LLC-PK1 Cells: A Case of Functional Selectivity of Bufadienolides (2018)

Bufadienolides are cardiotonic steroids (CTS) identified in mammals. Besides Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase inhibition, they activate signal transduction via protein⁻protein interactions. Diversity of endogenous bufadienolides and mechanisms of action may indicate the presence of functional selectivity and unique cellular outcomes. We evaluated whether the bufadienolides telocinobufagin and marinobufagin induce changes in proliferation or viability of pig kidney (LLC-PK1) cells and the mechanisms involved in these changes. In some experiments, ouabain was used as a positive control. CTS exhibited an inhibitory IC<sub>50</sub> of 0.20 (telocinobufagin), 0.14 (ouabain), and 3.40 μM (marinobufagin) for pig kidney Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase activity and concentrations that barely inhibited it were tested in LLC-PK1 cells. CTS induced rapid ERK1/2 phosphorylation, but corresponding proliferative response was observed for marinobufagin and ouabain instead of telocinobufagin. Telocinobufagin increased Bax:Bcl-2 expression ratio, sub-G0 cell cycle phase and pyknotic nuclei, indicating apoptosis. Src and MEK1/2 inhibitors blunted marinobufagin but not telocinobufagin effect, which was also not mediated by p38, JNK1/2, and PI3K. However, BIO, a GSK-3β inhibitor, reduced proliferation and, as telocinobufagin, phosphorylated GSK-3β at inhibitory Ser9. Combination of both drugs resulted in synergistic antiproliferative effect. Wnt reporter activity assay showed that telocinobufagin impaired Wnt/β-catenin pathway by acting upstream to β-catenin stabilization. Our findings support that mammalian endogenous bufadienolides may exhibit functional selectivity.
Catalytic Asymmetric Aza-Darzens Reaction with a Vaulted Biphenanthrol Magnesium Phosphate Salt (2011)

Conditions for a catalytic asymmetric aza-Darzens aziridine synthesis mediated by a vaulted biphenanthrol (VAPOL) magnesium phosphate salt is described. Using simple substrates, this methodology explores the scope and reactivity of a new magnesium catalyst for an aziridination reaction capable of building chirality and complexity simultaneously.
Neue licht- und elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungsbefunde an Portio- und Vaginalepithel (1969)

Von 9 Patientinnen aus der Proliferationsphase, Sekretionsphase, Frühschwangerschaft und Spätschwangerschaft wurden Abstriche sowie Probeexcisionen aus der Vagina und von der Portio entnommen. Aus dem in Kunstharzen eingebetteten Material wurden Ultradünnschnitte für elektronenoptische Untersuchungen und Semiultradünnschnitte für lichtmikroskopische Beobachtungen hergestellt.
Low-Frequency Guided Wave Quantitative Reconstruction of Corrosion in Plates, 1D Diffraction Problem (2019)

Guided Wave Tomography is a nondestructive imaging technique that consists in inverting guided wave propagation data to localize defects. In particular, this technique should provide quantitative information about the corrosion state of metallic plates by reconstructing a thickness map from diffraction or time-of-flight measurements. In this paper we first present an analytical framework for corrosion profile reconstruction considering the 1D case. Due to the fact that, in practice, the low frequency ultrasound range (typically 50 to 100 kHz) is used for long range inspections, the first-order shear deformation approximation is relevant for plate thicknesses encountered in metallic structures. This leads to an analytical description of guided wave phenomena: diffraction, refraction and mode conversion, for 5 modes: A0, S0, SH0, A1 and SH1. The validity of an analytical approach to modeling thickness loss defects, in particular the validity of the first Born approximation, is discussed by comparing with elastodynamic numerical results. The comparison results show that the nonlinear behavior with depth increase, or width increase, of the defects (distortion) can be fully described using a multimodal high order Born series. Consequently, a consistent iterative inversion Born series based algorithm can be used to deal with the reconstruction of strong thickness losses.
Cure of Limb-Threatening XDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection: Combining Genome Sequencing, Therapeutic Drug Level Monitoring, and Surgical Debridement (2020)

We describe a case of limb-threatening osteomyelitis and metalware infection with carbapenemase-producing extensively drug-resistant <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> successfully cured with aggressive surgical debridement and combined intravenous fosfomycin and colistin. Real-time therapeutic drug monitoring was used to maximize probability of efficacy and minimize potential for toxicity.
Age-Specific Reference Ranges for Serum Prostate-Specific Antigen in Black Men (1996)

Serum PSA concentrations can be used to discriminate between men with prostate cancer and those without it among both blacks and whites. Over 40 percent of cases of prostate cancer in black men would not be detected by tests using traditional age-specific reference ranges, which maintain specificity at 95 percent. In this high-risk population, the alternative approach--maintaining sensitivity at 95 percent--may be used with acceptable decrements in specificity.
Aware ware: an adaptation middleware for heterogeneous environments (2004)

A heterogeneous environment consists of a number of dissimilar networks, computing devices, end users, applications, and environmental conditions. Traditional distributed applications are generally not aware of the heterogeneities of the environment. In this paper we present "AwareWare", which is a middleware that facilitates applications to be more adaptive in such a heterogeneous environment. AwareWare addresses five types of heterogeneities and advocates dynamic component reconfiguration as a unified approach for both architectural and application level adaptation. AwareWare includes environment measurement tools, an adaptation decision module that is separated from other constructions of the application, and reconfiguration mechanisms for component based distributed applications. Prototype examples are presented that demonstrate the potential use of the middleware.
Novel Method For The Analysis Of Printed Circuit Images (1984)

To keep pace with the trend towards increased circuit integration, printed circuit patterns are becoming denser and more complex. A variety of automated visual inspection methods to detect circuit defects during manufacturing have been proposed. This paper describes a method that is a synthesis of the reference-comparison and the generic property approaches that exploits their respective strengths and over-comes their respective weaknesses. It is based on the observation that the local geometric and global topological correctness of a printed circuit can be inferred from the correctness of simplified, skeletal versions of the circuit in a test image. These operations can be realized using simple processing elements which are well suited for implementation in hardware.
Anopheles gambiae gonotrophic cycle duration, biting and exiting behaviour unaffected by permethrin‐impregnated bednets in The Gambia (1997)

Abstract. Permethrin‐impregnated bednets protect children against malaria in The Gambia, where Anopheles gambiae complex mosquitoes are the main vectors of malaria. However, no effect has been found on mosquito density, parous rates or sporozoite rates in An.gambiae sensu lato populations; only a reduction in the numbers of mosquitoes resting indoors in rooms with treated bednets. A possible explanation for this paradox is that exposure to treated bednets leads to changed vector behaviour such as a shift in biting time, a diversion to biting outdoors instead of indoors, to biting animals instead of humans, or to increased duration of the gonotrophic cycle. To investigate these possibilities, we observed the biting and exiting behaviour of An.gambiae in ten pairs of villages, in half of which the residents used permethrin‐treated bednets. The possible influence of treated bednets on the gonotrophic cycle length was evaluated by mark‐release‐recapture experiment. No significant difference was found between villages with treated and untreated bednets in the indoor/outdoor ratio of human biting, in mean biting times or in human blood indices of An.gambiae females found resting indoors in the mornings. The proportions of unfed, fed or gravid An.gambiae females collected in exit traps, and the number of females exiting showed no significant differences between rooms with treated and untreated bednets. Indications for a gonotrophic cycle length of 2 days were found. No evidence for any change in duration of the gonotrophic cycle in relation to exposure to treated bednets was found, although the number of recaptures was low in the villages with treated bednets. Since equal numbers of infective An.gambiae were found in villages with treated or untreated bednets, and no changes in mosquito behaviour were detected, we cannot account for how children are protected against malaria by treated bednets. One possibility is that mosquitoes divert to bite other hosts, including adults.
Atg5 Is Essential for the Development and Survival of Innate Lymphocytes (2016)

Autophagy is an essential cellular survival mechanism that is required for adaptive lymphocyte development; however, its role in innate lymphoid cell (ILC) development remains unknown. Furthermore, the conditions that promote lymphocyte autophagy during homeostasis are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that Atg5, an essential component of the autophagy machinery, is required for the development of mature natural killer (NK) cells and group 1, 2, and 3 innate ILCs. Although inducible ablation of Atg5 was dispensable for the homeostasis of lymphocyte precursors and mature lymphocytes in lymphoreplete mice, we found that autophagy is induced in both adaptive and innate lymphocytes during homeostatic proliferation in lymphopenic hosts to promote their survival by limiting cell-intrinsic apoptosis. Induction of autophagy through metformin treatment following homeostatic proliferation increased lymphocyte numbers through an Atg5-dependent mechanism. These findings highlight the essential role for autophagy in ILC development and lymphocyte survival during lymphopenia.
Sequencing run-time reconfigured hardware with software (1996)

No abstract available.
Mise en place d'une décision collective résiliente sur une infrastructure iot à l'aide du framework pydcop (2018)

International audience
Comparative Internal Pressure Evolution at Interfaces of Activated Carbon for Supercapacitors Containing Electrolytes Based on Linear and Cyclic Ammonium Tetrafluoroborate Salts in Acetonitrile (2022)

Abstract In this study, the real‐time increase in pressure of the accumulated gases at the electrode/electrolyte interface serves as a safety criterion for four conductive electrolytes comprising acetonitrile (ACN) and organic salts. They include tetrafluoroborate as an anion and cyclic 1,1‐dimethylpyrrolidinium (Pyr11 + ), spiro‐(1,1′)‐bipyrrolidinium (SBP + ), acyclic methyl triethyl ammonium (Et 3 MeN + ) or standard tetraethylammonium (Et 4 N + ) as cations. The main focus lies on the SPBF 4 /ACN system. While the concentrated Pyr11BF 4 /ACN exhibits a minimal pressure evolution (≈25 Pa) under ambient conditions at 3.0 V, its electrochemical stability is inferior to SPBF 4 at high operating voltage. The electrolytes with acyclic tetrafluoroborate salts (1.0 mol L −1 ) reveal a 20‐fold increase in pressure due to the weak salt‐ACN interactions and the subsequent high solvent evaporation. The pressure evolution at the interface of activated carbon/electrolyte in electrochemical double layer capacitor (EDLCs) is merely related to the operating voltage and cation nature, viz. Pyr11 + &lt; SBP + &lt; Et 4 N + &lt; Et 3 MeN + . The fixed specific capacity of 109 F g −1 , volumetric capacity of 76 F cm −3 , and moderate gas generation (≈190 Pa at 3.0 V, that shifts to ≈400 Pa at 3.4 V) confirm the safe character of the SPBF 4 /ACN electrolyte for such energy storage devices.
Flow cells asquasi-ideal systems for biofouling simulation of industrial piping systems (2013)

Semi-circular flow cells are often used to simulate the formation of biofilms in industrial pipes with circular section because their planar surface allows easy sampling using coupons. Computational fluid dynamics was used to assess whether the flow in pipe systems can be emulated by the semi-circular flow cells that are used to study biofilm formation. The results show that this is the case for Reynolds numbers (Re) ranging from 10 to 1000 and 3500 to 10,000. A correspondence involving the friction factor was obtained in order to correlate any semi-circular flow cell to any circular pipe for Re between 10 and 100,000. The semi-circular flow cell was then used to assess experimentally the effect of Reynolds number (Re = 4350 and 6720) on planktonic cell concentration and biofilm formation using Escherichia coli JM109 (DE3). Lower planktonic cell concentrations and thicker biofilms (>1.2 mm) were obtained with the lower Re.
Serum bile acids as a prognostic biomarker in biliary atresia following Kasai portoenterostomy (2022)

Serum bile acid levels may be a useful prognostic biomarker for infants achieving normalized bilirubin levels after KP.
Detection of p16 Gene Deletions in Gliomas (1997)

The p16 protein plays a key role in cell cycle control by preventing CDK4 from inactivating the retinoblastoma protein (pRb). The corresponding tumor suppressor gene (p16/MTS1/CDKN2) has recently been implicated in malignant progression of astrocytomas and could potentially serve as an important marker for patient prognosis and for guiding specific therapeutic strategies. We have undertaken a study to evaluate 2 methods of detecting p16 deletion. Thirty diffuse gliomas were analyzed for p16 gene dosage. Dual color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed on cytologic preparations using paired centromeric (CEN) and locus-specific probes for CEN9/p16, CEN8/RB, and CEN12/CDK4. Quantitative PCR was performed using primers for p16, MTAP, and reference genes. Eleven cases were also studied using comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). Abnormalities of the p16-CDK4-RB pathway were identified in 21 (70%) cases by FISH and/or PCR. These included 15 (50%) with p16 deletion, 9 of which were detected by both techniques, 3 by FISH alone, and 3 by PCR alone (concordance rate = 81%). FISH analysis further revealed tetraploidy/aneuploidy in 14 (47%), RB deletion in 11 (37%) and CDK4 amplification in 1 (3.3%). There were 94% and 100% concordance rates between CGH and FISH or PCR, respectively. Quantitative PCR was noninformative in 4 cases. Although FISH and quantitative PCR are both reliable techniques, each has limitations. PCR is likely to miss p16 deletions when there is significant normal cell contamination or clonal heterogeneity, whereas the p16 YAC probe used for FISH analysis may miss small deletions. Replacement of the latter with a cosmid probe may improve the sensitivity of FISH in future experiments.
Use of Leishmania major parasites expressing a recombinant Trypanosoma cruzi antigen as live vaccines against Chagas disease (2022)

Altogether, these data indicate that <i>L. major</i> can stably express a <i>T. cruzi</i> antigen and induce <i>T. cruzi</i>-specific protective immunity, warranting further investigation of attenuated Leishmania parasites as vaccine.
Foundations of XML Processing (2010)

This is the first book that provides a solid theoretical account of the foundation of the popular data format XML. Part I establishes basic concepts, starting with schemas, tree automata and pattern matching, and concluding with static typechecking for XML as a highlight of the book. In Part II, the author turns his attention to more advanced topics, including efficient 'on-the-fly' tree automata algorithms, path- and logic-based queries, tree transformation, and exact typechecking. The author provides many examples of code fragments to illustrate features, and exercises to enhance understanding. Thus the book will be ideal for students and researchers whether just beginning, or experienced in XML research.
An assessment of filamentous carbon fibre for the treatment of tendon injury in the horse (1980)

The results of an assessment of carbon fibre for biological use are given, with particular reference to the clinical use of the material in the treatment of equine tendon injury. Biocompatability of the fibres is assessed using fibroblast cell cultures and replacement of normal tendon with carbon fibre prostheses in experimental animals. The rationale and technique for using this material in clinical cases of tendon injury in the racehorse are described. Results are given from 62 implant operations in a limited series of 40 horses.