gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Durability of Fracture-Filled Emeralds with a New Artificial Filler ExCel (2016)

Emerald is the green to greenish blue variety of beryl, which contains chromophore chrome and vanadium. Emeralds of all deposits have fissures, so most have been filled to avoid fragmentation during cutting. Stability is an important factor to filling emeralds. Recently, a new filler ExCel occurred, which is considered stable and removable, however, its durability is lack of scientific basis and testing. This study used magnification, fluorescence technology, FTIR and UV-Vis spectroscopy to investigate the durability of ExCel-filled emeralds. Emeralds filled with ExCel are relatively stable under conditions of daily wear in general, but durability decreased in hydrochloric acid, acetone or under heating to over 200°C. Fractures were more evident in side of emerald after hydrochloric acid immersion. After soaking in acetone fissures increased and deepened significantly. After heating to 250°C, brown material leaked from fissures of ExCel-filled emeralds, analyzed to be bisphenol A epoxy resin, curing agent and imine diluent components. The study has indicative significance for suitable conditions of ExCel-filled emerald wearing and preservation.
Affective and Anxiety Disorders and Alcohol and Drug Dependence: (1993)

Depression and anxiety frequently coexist in patients with substance use disorders. This clinically-oriented article examines the relationship between these conditions and emphasizes data showing that substances of abuse can cause signs and symptoms of both depression and anxiety. These substance-related syndromes appear to have a different course and prognosis than uncomplicated, independent anxiety and major depressive disorders, and clinicians should consider the role of alcohol and other drugs in all patients presenting with these complaints. The authors also outline an approach for diagnosing and managing patients with the combination of a substance use and depressive or anxiety disorder.
DNA-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (2002)

We present here the use of amino-terminated DNA strands in functionalizing the open ends and defect sites of oxidatively prepared single-walled carbon nanotubes, an important first step in realizing a DNA-guided self-assembly process for carbon nanotubes.
Interactive Visualization of Search Intent for Exploratory Information Retrieval (2014)

Searching for relevant documents from a vast amount of scientific data is a challenging problem that requires a close interaction between the user, the search interface and the search engine. This extended abstract summarizes recent research on Intent Radar, an interactive search user interface that allows the user to directly interact with her estimated search intent, and in this way direct the search in an intuitive way without the need to type specific queries. In user experiments, Intent Radar improves task performance and quality of retrieved information without compromising the task execution time. This workshop paper presents to the ICML Crowdsourcing and Human Computing workshop audience our work recently published in CIKM 2013 and IUI 2013 as well as a short discussion of ongoing work on the topic. ICML ’14 Workshop: Crowdsourcing and Human Computing, Beijing, China, 2014. Copyright 2014 by the author(s).
Multi Resolution LSTM For Long Term Prediction In Neural Activity Video (2017)

Epileptic seizures are caused by abnormal, overly syn- chronized, electrical activity in the brain. The abnor- mal electrical activity manifests as waves, propagating across the brain. Accurate prediction of the propagation velocity and direction of these waves could enable real- time responsive brain stimulation to suppress or prevent the seizures entirely. However, this problem is very chal- lenging because the algorithm must be able to predict the neural signals in a sufficiently long time horizon to allow enough time for medical intervention. We consider how to accomplish long term prediction using a LSTM network. To alleviate the vanishing gradient problem, we propose two encoder-decoder-predictor structures, both using multi-resolution representation. The novel LSTM structure with multi-resolution layers could significantly outperform the single-resolution benchmark with similar number of parameters. To overcome the blurring effect associated with video prediction in the pixel domain using standard mean square error (MSE) loss, we use energy- based adversarial training to improve the long-term pre- diction. We demonstrate and analyze how a discriminative model with an encoder-decoder structure using 3D CNN model improves long term prediction.
Scanning Thermal Microscopy (2012)

Abstract Scanning thermal microscopy (SThM) is a powerful characterization technique that has been steadily gaining recognition in the scientific community. It can be used on any solid material, and even in a liquid environment. This article covers a brief review of scanning probe history, SThM probes and an practical example on SThM microscopy. Care must be taken to interpret correctly any data acquired. This means to use alternate techniques to form a “big picture” of the tip – sample interaction. Simultaneous acquisition of topography and thermal data is not enough. Some key hurdles to overcome to make this characterization technique more accessible are the commercial availability of low‐loss probes and scanning thermal microscopes, and newer thermal probing techniques.
Reversal of Lesions of Diabetic Nephropathy after Pancreas Transplantation (1998)

Pancreas transplantation can reverse the lesions of diabetic nephropathy, but reversal requires more than five years of normoglycemia.
Asymmetric fingerprinting for larger collusions (1997)

Article Free Access Share on Asymmetric fingerprinting for larger collusions Authors: Birgit Pfitzmann Institut fur Informatik, Universitat Hildesheim, Samelsonplatz 1, D-31 141 Hildesheim, Germany Institut fur Informatik, Universitat Hildesheim, Samelsonplatz 1, D-31 141 Hildesheim, GermanyView Profile , Michael Waidner IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, Saumerstrasse 4, CH-8803 Ruschlikon, Switzerland IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, Saumerstrasse 4, CH-8803 Ruschlikon, SwitzerlandView Profile Authors Info & Claims CCS '97: Proceedings of the 4th ACM conference on Computer and communications securityApril 1997 Pages 151–160https://doi.org/10.1145/266420.266453Published:01 April 1997Publication History 65citation745DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations65Total Downloads745Last 12 Months17Last 6 weeks2 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Biomechanical measurements of axial crush injury to the distal condyles of human and synthetic femurs (2012)

Few studies have evaluated the 'bulk' mechanical properties of human longbones and even fewer have compared human tissue to the synthetic longbones increasingly being used by researchers. Distal femur fractures, for example, comprise about 6% of all femur fractures, but the mechanical properties of the distal condyles of intact human and synthetic femurs have not been well quantified in the literature. To this end, the distal portions of a series of 16 human fresh-frozen femurs and six synthetic femurs were prepared identically for mechanical testing. Using a flat metal plate, an axial 'crush' force was applied in-line with the long axis of the femurs. The two femur groups were statistically compared and values correlated to age, size, and bone quality. Results yielded the following: crush stiffness (human, 1545 +/- 728 N/mm; synthetic, 3063 +/- 1243 N/mm; p = 0.002); crush strength (human, 10.3 +/- 3.1 kN; synthetic, 12.9 < or = 1.7 kN; p = 0.074); crush displacement (human, 6.1 +/- 1.8 mm; synthetic, 2.8 +/- 0.3 mm; p = 0.000); and crush energy (human, 34.8 +/- 15.9J; synthetic, 18.1 +/- 5.7J; p = 0.023). For the human femurs, there were poor correlations between mechanical properties versus age, size, and bone quality (R2 < or = 0.18), with the exception of crush strength versus bone mineral density (R2 = 0.33) and T-score (R2 = 0.25). Human femurs failed mostly by condyle 'roll back' buckling (15 of 16 cases) and/or unicondylar or bicondylar fracture (7 of 16 cases), while synthetic femurs all failed by wedging apart of the condyles resulting in either fully or partially displaced condylar fractures (6 of 6 cases). These findings have practical implications on the use of a flat plate load applicator to reproduce real-life clinical failure modes of human femurs and the appropriate use of synthetic femurs. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to have done such an assessment on human and synthetic femurs.
Mutational studies of protein structures and their stabilities (1992)

The fundamental relationship between structure and function has served to guide investigations into the workings of living systems at all levels - from the whole organism to individual cells on down to individual molecules. When X-ray crystallography began to reveal the three-dimensional structures of proteins like myoglobin, lysozyme and RNase A, protein chemists were well prepared to draw inferences about functional mechanisms from the precise positioning of amino acid residues they could see. The close proximity between an amino acid side chain and a chemical group on a bound ligand strongly suggests a functional role for that side chain in binding affinity and specificity. Likewise, the nearly universal finding of large clusters of hydrophobic side chains buried in the core of proteins strongly supports a major functional role of hydrophobic interactions in protein folding and stability. Even though eminently plausible hypotheses like these, grounded in the most fundamental principles of chemistry and the logic of structure–function relationships, become widely accepted and make their way into textbooks, protein chemists have felt compelled to search for ways to test them and put them on a more quantitative basis.
Precision synthesis of a fluorene-thiophene alternating copolymer by means of the Suzuki–Miyaura catalyst-transfer condensation polymerization: the importance of the position of an alkyl substituent on thiophene of the biaryl monomer to suppress disproportionation (2021)

The Suzuki–Miyaura coupling polymerization of PinB-F8T(3)-Br was accompanied by disproportionation, whereas that of PinB-F8T(4)-Br proceeded in a chain-growth polymerization manner to afford a well-defined fluorene-thiophene alternating copolymer.
BREEDING AND GENETICS Fatty Acid Profiles of Cottonseed Genotypes from the National Cotton Variety Trials (2010)

Cottonseed oil fatty acid composition was determined for several cotton genotypes included in the 2006 and 2007 years of the National Cotton Variety Trials. Seed was collected from a total of nine environments that included six locations, and 35 genotypes were included in the analysis. Oil was extracted from seed with hexane, and the glycerides were converted to fatty acid methyl esters and analyzed by gas chromatography. Results indicated that commercially acceptable cotton genotypes vary modestly in their distribution of fatty acids, covering a range slightly greater than the range specified in the Codex trading standard for cottonseed oil. Analysis of variance, based on a random effects model, indicated the relative level of most fatty acids was influenced by environment and genetics, but the interaction of these effects was relatively small. Correlations were found between the levels of several major and minor fatty acids. Many of the observed associations appeared to have some foundation with known and proposed biosynthesis pathways. Although the results indicate that breeding cotton for modified oil composition should be feasible, the range of variation observed within the genotypes studied was insufficient to provide useful traits for breeding. A more extensive survey of cottonseed genotypes will be needed for this purpose. C
Crystallographic studies on acyl ureas, a new class of inhibitors of glycogen phosphorylase (2005)

Acyl ureas were discovered as a novel class of inhibitors for glycogen phosphorylase, a molecular target to control hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetics [1]. This series is exemplified by -ureido]-phenoxy}-hexanoic acid (1), which inhibits human liver glycogen phosphorylase with an IC 50 of 2.0 M. Here we report on four crystal structures of acyl urea derivatives (1-4) in complex with rabbit muscle glycogen phosphorylase b to elucidate the mechanism of inhibition of these inhibitors. The structures were determined and refined to 2.26 resolution and demonstrate, that the inhibitors bind at the allosteric activator site, where the physiological activator AMP binds. Acyl ureas induce conformational changes in the vicinity of the allosteric site. The induced conformational changes are characteristic of the T' state conformation, and the key rearrangement is probably the backbone displacement of the loop 193-196 that allows for van der Waals interactions with the ligands similar to those observed with W1807 [2]. Our findings suggest that acyl ureas inhibit glycogen phosphorlyase by direct inhibition of AMP binding and by indirect inhibition of substrate binding through stabilization of the T' state. The structural results with the acyl ureas can be further exploited by means of chemical modification to produce new potential antidiabetic agents. Scheme I. Chemical structures of the acyl ureas compounds 1-4
Depolarized light scattering in a 2.6-lutidine-water solution near the critical point (2012)

The spectra of depolarized Rayleigh light scattering, i.e., the Rayleigh line wing (RLW), and Raman scattering in a solution with the lower critical point in the phase separation diagram is experimentally studied. The Rayleigh line wing is studied to 30 cm−1 from the exciting light frequency; the Raman scattering line (RSL) is studied in the near profile region. In the vicinity of the lower critical point, as well as in solutions with the upper critical point, strong narrowing of the RLW and RSL is observed. In this case, the conditions arise for the manifestation of the profile in the Rayleigh line spectrum, which is caused by the interaction of concentration and anisotropy fluctuations. Previously, this spectral line was theoretically predicted by I. A. Chaban in [1].
Biochemical and subcellular distribution of arachidonic acid in rat myocardium (1987)

Selective release of arachidonic acid from prelabeled phospholipid pools has been observed following exposure of neonatal rat cardiac myocytes to metabolic inhibitors in vitro and has been correlated temporally with the development of irreversible sarcolemmal damage. Hydrolysis of phospholipids with release of arachidonic acid may be an important mechanism in the pathogenesis of sarcolemmal damage induced by ischemia. To elucidate potential subcellular loci of arachidonic acid release in ischemic myocardium, we characterized the phospholipid composition of adult rat myocardial sarcolemma and delineated the biochemical and subcellular distribution of radiolabeled arachidonic acid in neonatal rat myocytes incubated with [3H]-arachidonic acid for selected intervals. Although arachidonic acid comprised 13 +/- 3% of total aliphatic moieties in combined choline and ethanolamine glycerophospholipids isolated from purified adult rat myocardial sarcolemma, radiolabeled arachidonic acid could not be detected in sarcolemma of cultured neonatal rat myocytes incubated with 5 nM [3H]arachidonic acid for 24 h. Radioactivity was located almost exclusively in mitochondria and internal cytoplasmic membranes (primarily sarcoplasmic reticulum), which collectively contained 90% of myocyte radioactivity. These results indicate that radiolabeled arachidonic acid released from prelabeled phospholipid pools on exposure of neonatal rat myocytes to oxidative inhibitors is derived from mitochondria and internal cell membranes. The diminutive labeling of the sarcolemma suggests that turnover of arachidonoyl phospholipids is slower in the sarcolemma than in other membranous organelles.
Topical Hepatic Hypothermia Attenuates Pulmonary Injury After Hepatic Ischemia and Reperfusion (2000)

These results demonstrate that THH protects the liver from ischemia and reperfusion-induced necrosis and PMN infiltration. In addition, THH reduces the serum levels of TNF-alpha and associated pulmonary injury. These data suggest that the ischemic liver is a potential source of inflammatory mediators associated with hepatic ischemia and reperfusion-induced pulmonary injury.
Energy- and Cost-Efficient Physical Layer Security in the Era of IoT: The Role of Interference (2020)

IoT is emerging as the future evolution of the Internet, aiming to provide connectivity for everyone and everything. Since IoT is expected to carry important and private information, a high level of PHY security is critical for wireless communications in IoT, as a complement for traditional security techniques that are employed at high layers. In this overview, we examine the recent interest in energy-efficient and cost-efficient PHY solutions for securing downlink IoT transmission through interference exploitation. This exciting line of research departs from conventional interference cancellation, and judiciously employs the inherent interference as a useful element for LUs while obstructing the eavesdropping of information. We first discuss the concept of CI, and then elaborate the fundamental CI signal design that employs the traditionally undesired interference as a constructive element to LUs while ensuring they are destructive to potential Eves. Subsequently, we illustrate several low-hardware-cost techniques to inherit the advantage of CI in an energy- and cost-efficient manner, from the perspective of HBF and DM. This family of techniques brings a disruptive vision of interference management for securing wireless communications with an eye on low-cost and hardware-constrained devices tailored for IoT systems.
Mechanism and kinetics of NO oxidation over Pt/γ-Al_2O_3 catalyst (2008)

Catalytic oxidation of NO with O2 over Pt/γ-Al2O3 was carried out in a tubular reactor with varying space time(0.090—0.720 s),inlet NO concentration(0.03%—0.2%,vol),O2 concentration(2%—10%,vol) and at 473—573 K.At 5000 h-1 space velocity,0.05% inlet NO concentration and 5% O2 concentration,the steady-state conversion of NO oxidation increased from 22.4% to 45.5% and 74.3% with temperature increasing from 473 K to 523 K and 573 K.Based on the experimental observations,a mechanism consisting of 12 elementary reactions was proposed,and the kinetic model with the reaction between gaseous NO and dissociately adsorbed O as the rate-limiting step was established and well fitted the experimental data.From the kinetic model,the activation energy of reaction was determined to be 80.01 kJ·mol-1.
Endocardial detection of repolarization alternans (2002)

Repolarization alternans (RPA) is prognostic of sudden cardiac death and is thought to be mechanistically linked to the initiation of ventricular tachyarrhythmias. We sought to determine whether RPA, which is inherently spatially extended, could be measured using a spatially-localized endocardial lead and, if so, whether RPA could be quantified on a beat-to-beat basis. During diagnostic electrophysiological testing, 21 patients (16M, 5F; 62/spl plusmn/16 yr) were evaluated for surface T-wave alternans (TWA) and endocardial RPA (via a right ventricular apex unipolar recording) during 5 min of 550 ms right atrial pacing. Power spectral analysis indicated that 7/21 patients had both surface TWA and endocardial RPA, 8/21 patients had neither, and 6/21 patients had discordant results (71% concordance; p=0.04). Importantly, unlike surface TWA alternans, endocardial RPA was detectable on a beat-to-beat basis. Given the putative mechanistic link between RPA and ventricular arrhythmias, beat-to-beat endocardial RPA detection might be of diagnostic or therapeutic utility.
Prolactin Induction of Insulin Gene Transcription: Roles of Glucose and Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 5* (2001)

GH and PRL stimulate insulin production in pancreatic beta-cells through induction of insulin gene transcription. The transcriptional effects of GH are mediated through the binding of signal transducer and activator of transcription-5 (STAT5) to a consensus recognition sequence (TTCnnnGAA) in the rat insulin-1 promoter. In this study we demonstrate that PRL also induces the binding of STAT5 proteins to the rat insulin-1 STAT5 motif. However, the magnitude of binding of STAT5 nuclear proteins, as assessed by electrophoretic mobility shift assays, was only 1/30th that of the binding of the same STAT5 proteins to the beta-casein STAT5 site. The differences in the affinities of the rat insulin-1 and beta-casein STAT5 motifs are explained in part by differences in promoter sequences flanking the STAT5 sites. To assess the importance of the STAT motif in PRL induction of insulin gene transcription, we deleted the STAT5 consensus sequence in the rat insulin 1 promoter, cloned the truncated promoter upstream of the luciferase reporter gene, and transfected the construct into rat insulinoma (INS-1) cells. The transcriptional activity of this construct was compared with that of the wild-type promoter. Although deletion of the STAT5 site in the promoter reduced the basal luciferase activity, the response to PRL was unaffected. PRL also induced transcription of constructs containing the wild-type human insulin promoter or the rat insulin-2 promoter, which contain no classic STAT5 sequences. The transcriptional effect of PRL was manifest even when cells were incubated in glucose-free medium, indicating that the action of the hormone is not mediated solely through changes in glucose uptake or glucose metabolism. To identify PRL-responsive regions of the rat and human insulin promoters, we constructed a series of promoter truncations and assessed their responsiveness to PRL. A PRL-responsive region of the rat insulin-1 promoter was localized between nucleotides -165 and -109. A PRL-responsive region of the human insulin promoter was localized between nucleotides -346 and -250. Additional regions of the human and rat insulin-1 promoters were required for PRL induction of a heterologous, minimal thymidine kinase promoter, suggesting that there are multiple PRL-responsive elements in the insulin genes. These observations suggest a glucose- and STAT5-independent pathway by which PRL may induce insulin gene transcription.
Rhinovirus Wheezing Illness and Genetic Risk of Childhood-Onset Asthma (2013)

Variants at the 17q21 locus were associated with asthma in children who had had HRV wheezing illnesses and with expression of two genes at this locus. The expression levels of both genes increased in response to HRV stimulation, although the relative increase was not associated with the 17q21 genotypes. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health.).