gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ITRF2000: A new release of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame for earth science applications (2002)

For the first time in the history of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame, the ITRF2000 combines unconstrained space geodesy solutions that are free from any tectonic plate motion model. Minimum constraints are applied to these solutions solely in order to define the underlying terrestrial reference frame (TRF). The ITRF2000 origin is defined by the Earth center of mass sensed by satellite laser ranging (SLR) and its scale by SLR and very long baseline interferometry. Its orientation is aligned to the ITRF97 at epoch 1997.0, and its orientation time evolution follows, conventionally, that of the no‐net‐rotation NNR‐NUVEL‐1A model. The ITRF2000 orientation and its rate are implemented using a consistent geodetic method, anchored over a selection of ITRF sites of high geodetic quality, ensuring a datum definition at the 1 mm level. This new frame is the most extensive and accurate one ever developed, containing about 800 stations located at about 500 sites, with better distribution over the globe compared to past ITRF versions but still with more site concentration in western Europe and North America. About 50% of station positions are determined to better than 1 cm, and about 100 sites have their velocity estimated to at (or better than) 1 mm/yr level. The ITRF2000 velocity field was used to estimate relative rotation poles for six major tectonic plates that are independent of the TRF orientation rate. A comparison to relative rotation poles of the NUVEL‐1A plate motion model shows vector differences ranging between 0.03° and 0.08°/m.y. (equivalent to approximately 1–7 mm/yr over the Earth's surface). ITRF2000 angular velocities for four plates, relative to the Pacific plate, appear to be faster than those predicted by the NUVEL‐1A model. The two most populated plates in terms of space geodetic sites, North America and Eurasia, exhibit a relative Euler rotation pole of about 0.056 (±0.005)°/m.y. faster than the pole predicted by NUVEL‐1A and located about (10°N, 7°E) more to the northwest, compared to that model.
Transformation-Defective Virus Generation from Cloned Nondefective Avian Sarcoma Virus (1980)

An avian sarcoma virus, twice cloned by soft agar colony assay without intervening passage of the virus and apparently freed of transformation-defective (td) viruses, has been found to generate td viruses after mass infection.
Real-time processing in client-server databases (2002)

We propose and experimentally evaluate the use of the client-server database paradigm for real-time processing. To date, the study of transaction processing with time constraints has mostly been restricted to centralized or "single-node" systems. Recently, client-server databases have exploited locality of data accesses in real-world applications to successfully provide reduced transaction response times. Our objective is to investigate the feasibility of real-time processing in a data-shipping client-server database architecture. We compare the efficiency of the proposed architecture with that of a centralized real-time database system. We discuss transaction scheduling issues in the two architectures and propose a new policy for scheduling transactions in the client-server environment. This policy assigns higher priorities to transactions that have a greater potential for successful completion through the use of locally available data. We investigate the effects of client data-access locality and various updating workloads on transaction completion rates. Our experimental results show that real-time client-server databases can provide significant performance gains over their centralized counterparts. These gains become evident when large numbers of clients (more than 40) are attached per server, even in the presence of high data contention.
The orthotopic left lung transplantation in rats: a valuable experimental model without using cuff technique (2008)

Advances in the field of clinical lung transplantation must rely on observations made in animal models. In this study, we introduced a new procedure in the rat, orthotopic left lung transplantation without using the cuff technique, in which the donor pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, and membranous parts of the bronchus were anastomosed continuously in the lumen using a mattress suture under a surgical microscope; meanwhile, a second, low-pressure perfusion through the pulmonary artery and turnover of the vascular stump were made, which also made the vessel anastomosis easy. Transplantations were completed in 68 rats (89.5%), the mean time used for suturing the left lung hilar structure was 23.5 +/- 4.6 min. All lung grafts had good life-sustaining function because of there being no cuff-induced granulation tissue in bronchial anastomotic stoma, and three out of 12 allografts were observed with active bronchiolitis obliterans lesions at 8 weeks after transplantation. This model is a simple, valuable experimental model for studying lung transplantation and new therapies for preventing acute or chronic rejection.
Low NOx Burner Design and Analysis for Conceptual Design of Oxygen-Based PC Boiler (2005)

The objective of the low NOx burner design and analysis task of the Conceptual Design of Oxygen-Based PC Boiler study is to optimize the burner design to ensure stable ignition, to provide safe operation, and to minimize pollutant formation. The burners were designed and analyzed using the Fluent computer program. Four burner designs were developed: (1) with no over-fire gas (OFG) and 65% flue gas recycle, (2) with 20% OFG and 65% flue gas recycle, (3) with no OFG and 56% flue gas recycle and (4) with 20% OFG and 56% flue gas recycle. A 3-D Fluent simulation was made of a single wall-fired burner and horizontal portion of the furnace from the wall to the center. Without primary gas swirl, coal burnout was relatively small, due to the low oxygen content of the primary gas stream. Consequently, the burners were modified to include primary gas swirl to bring the coal particles in contact with the secondary gas. An optimal primary gas swirl was chosen to achieve sufficient burnout.
Optogenetic control of ROS production (2014)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are known to cause oxidative damage to DNA, proteins and lipids. In addition, recent evidence suggests that ROS can also initiate signaling cascades that respond to stress and modify specific redox-sensitive moieties as a regulatory mechanism. This suggests that ROS are physiologically-relevant signaling molecules. However, these sensor/effector molecules are not uniformly distributed throughout the cell. Moreover, localized ROS damage may elicit site-specific compensatory measures. Thus, the impact of ROS can be likened to that of calcium, a ubiquitous second messenger, leading to the prediction that their effects are exquisitely dependent upon their location, quantity and even the timing of generation. Despite this prediction, ROS signaling is most commonly intuited through the global administration of chemicals that produce ROS or by ROS quenching through global application of antioxidants. Optogenetics, which uses light to control the activity of genetically-encoded effector proteins, provides a means of circumventing this limitation. Photo-inducible genetically-encoded ROS-generating proteins (RGPs) were originally employed for their phototoxic effects and cell ablation. However, reducing irradiance and/or fluence can achieve sub-lethal levels of ROS that may mediate subtle signaling effects. Hence, transgenic expression of RGPs as fusions to native proteins gives researchers a new tool to exert spatial and temporal control over ROS production. This review will focus on the new frontier defined by the experimental use of RGPs to study ROS signaling.
Use of FT-IR for rapid phenotyping of European ash resistance levels to ash dieback (2017)

Use of FT-IR for rapid phenotyping of European ash resistance levels to ash dieback. 2017 APS Annual Meeting
Improved garbage image classification for inception-Resnet-V2 (2022)

In view of the current situation that the development of deep learning convolutional neural network models tends to be high in depth, the number of model parameters is large and the training time is continuously increasing. A structure based on the combination of Inception-ResNet-V2 and depthwise separable convolution is proposed, using depthwise separable volume. The integration separates channels and regions, thereby reducing a large number of parameters; at the same time, in order to extract more critical information in the feature map and improve the classification effect of the model, the attention mechanism CBAM module is introduced. In the experiment, the image of the garbage dataset is used as the experimental object, and the model is trained by data enhancement methods such as image cropping, rotation, and flipping of the original data. In order to verify the best performance of the improved model in the deep network, the experiment conducted model tests of different depths. The experimental results show that as the network continues to deepen, the classification effect of the model shows a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. When the number of Inception-ResNet-A, B, and C modules is 7,14, and 7, the model of the improved Inception ResN et- V2has the highest classification accuracy, reaching 95.80&#x0025;, which is 4.58&#x0025; higher than the Inception-Resnet-V2 classification accuracy, and has less parameters and better classification effect, which has higher practical value.
Remote Steering of a Lunar Surface Vehicle (1963)

The advent of the large booster rocket has made the landing of men and vehicles on the lunar surface a possibility. This paper discusses the analysis and selection of an optimum steering system for the remote control of a mobile surface vehicle. Combinations of three steering configurations and three types of controllers are considered as possible steering systems. The generalized system concept is here developed and an analog-computer simulation described. The results of the analysis and simulation are presented with appropriately derived conclusions.
Distinct Pathways Regulate Expression of Cardiac Electrical and Mechanical Junction Proteins in Response to Stretch (2005)

To define mechanisms regulating expression of cell-cell junction proteins, we have developed an in vitro system in which neonatal rat ventricular myocytes were subjected to pulsatile stretch. Previously, we showed that expression of the gap junction protein, connexin (Cx) 43, is increased by approximately 2-fold after 1 hour of stretch, and this response is mediated by stretch-induced secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Here, we report that the mechanical junction proteins plakoglobin, desmoplakin, and N-cadherin are also upregulated by pulsatile stretch but by a mechanism independent of VEGF or other secreted chemical signals. Stretch-induced upregulation of mechanical junction proteins was blocked by anti-beta1 and anti-beta3 integrin antibodies. Transfection of cells with adenovirus expressing GFP-FRNK, a dominant-negative inhibitor of focal adhesion kinase (FAK)-dependent signaling, blocked stretch-induced upregulation of Cx43 and mechanical junction proteins but did not block the ability of exogenous VEGF to upregulate Cx43 expression. Conditioned medium removed from uninfected cells after stretch increased Cx43 expression when added to nonstretched cells, and this effect was blocked by anti-VEGF antibodies, but stretch-conditioned medium from GFP-FRNK cells had no effect on Cx43 expression. The src kinase inhibitor 4-amino-5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-7-(t-butyl)pyrazolol[3,4-d]pyrimidine blocked stretch-induced upregulation of mechanical junction proteins but not Cx43. Thus, stretch upregulates expression of both electrical and mechanical junction proteins via integrin-dependent activation of FAK. Stretch-induced upregulation of Cx43 expression is mediated by FAK-dependent secretion of VEGF. In contrast, stretch-induced upregulation of adhesion junction proteins involves intracellular mechanotransduction pathways initiated via integrin signaling and acting downstream of src kinase.
Standardization of dosimetry and damage analysis work for U. S. LWR, FBR, and MFR development program (1978)

The accuracy requirements for various measured/calculated exposure and correlation parameters associated with current dosimetry and damage analysis procedures and practices depend on the accuracy needs of reactor development efforts in testing, design, safety, operations, and surveillance programs. Present state-of-the-art accuracies are estimated to be in the range of +-2 to 30 percent (1 sigma), depending on the particular parameter. There now appears to be international agreement, at least for the long term, that most reactor fuels and materials programs will not be able to accept an uncertainty greater than about +5 percent (1 sigma). The current status of dosimetry and damage analysis standardization work within the U.S. for LWR, FBR and MFR is reviewed in this paper.
Malware Task Identification (2015)

Identifying the tasks a given piece of malware was designed to perform (e.g. logging keystrokes, recording video, establishing remote access, etc.) is a difficult and time-consuming operation that is largely human-driven in practice. In this paper, we present an automated method to identify malware tasks. Using two different malware collections, we explore various circumstances for each - including cases where the training data differs significantly from test; where the malware being evaluated employs packing to thwart analytical techniques; and conditions with sparse training data. We find that this approach consistently out-performs the current state-of-the art software for malware task identification as well as standard machine learning approaches - often achieving an unbiased F1 score of over 0.9. In the near future, we look to deploy our approach for use by analysts in an operational cyber-security environment.
Lymphatic density and metastatic spread in human malignant melanoma (2004)

Malignant melanoma (MM), the most common cause of skin cancer deaths, metastasises to regional lymph nodes. In animal models of other cancers, lymphatic growth is associated with metastasis. To assess if lymphatic density (LD) was increased in human MM, and its association with metastasis, we measured LD inside and around archival MM samples (MM, n=21), and compared them with normal dermis (n=11), basal cell carcinoma (BCC, n=6) and Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), a skin tumour thought to metastasise through a vascular route (MCC, n=6). Lymphatic capillary density (mm(-2)), as determined by immunohistochemical staining with the lymphatic specific marker LYVE-1, was significantly increased around MM (10.0+/-2.5 mm(-2)) compared with normal dermis (2.4+/-0.9 mm(-2)), BCC (3.0+/-0.9 mm(-2)) and MCC (2.4+/-1.4 mm(-2)) (P<0.0001). There was a small decrease in LD inside MM (1.1+/-0.7 mm(-2)) compared with normal dermis, but a highly significant decrease in BCC (0.14+/-0.13) and MCC (0.12+/-2.4) (P<0.01 Kruskal-Wallis). Astonishingly, LD discriminated between melanomas that subsequently metastasised (12.8+/-1.6 mm(-2)) and those that did not (5.4+/-1.1 mm(-2), P<0.01, Mann-Whitney). Lymphatic invasion by tumour cells was seen mainly in MM that metastasised (70% compared with 12% not metastasising, P<0.05 Fisher's Exact test). The results show that LD was increased around MMs, and that LD and tumour cell invasion of lymphatics may help to predict metastasis. To this end, a prognostic index was calculated using LD, lymphatic invasion and thickness that clearly discriminated metastatic from nonmetastatic tumours.
Performance Limits of a Cloud Radio (2013)

Cooperation in a cellular network is seen as a key technique in managing other cell interference to observe a gain in achievable rate. In this paper, we present the achievable rate regions for a cloud radio network using a sub-optimal zero forcing equalizer with dirty paper precoding. We show that when complete channel state information is available at the cloud, rates close to those achievable with total interference cancellation can be achieved. With mean capacity gains, of up to 2 fold over the conventional cellular network in both uplink and downlink, this precoding scheme shows great promise for implementation in a cloud radio network. To simplify the analysis, we use a stochastic geometric framework based of Poisson point processes instead of the traditional grid based cellular network model. We also study the impact of limiting the channel state information and geographical clustering to limit the cloud size on the achievable rate. We have observed that using this zero forcing-dirty paper coding technique, the adverse effect of inter-cluster interference can be minimized thereby transforming an interference limited network into a noise limited network as experienced by an average user in the network for low operating signal-to-noise-ratios. However, for higher signal-to-noise-ratios, both the average achievable rate and cell-edge achievable rate saturate as observed in literature. As the implementation of dirty paper coding is practically not feasible, we present a practical design of a cloud radio network using cloud a minimum mean square equalizer for processing the uplink streams and use Tomlinson-Harashima precoder as a sub-optimal substitute for a dirty paper precoder in downlink.
A fast renormalisation for arithmetic coding (2002)

Summary form only given. All integer based arithmetic coding consists of two steps: proportional range restriction and range expansion (renormalisation). Here a method is presented that significantly reduces the complexity of renormalisation, allowing a speedup of arithmetic coding by a factor of up to 2. The main idea is to treat the output not as a binary number, but as a base 256 (or other) number. This requires less renormalisation and no bitwise operations.
Visual-based navigation system for unmanned aerial vehicles (2017)

The paper presents the way of operation of a Vision-Based Navigation (VBN) system based on the Scene Matching Area Correlation (SMAC) algorithm and demonstrates its applicability for highly autonomous navigation of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). Chosen simulation results included in the paper show that the algorithm proposed by the authors works properly in ideal conditions and demonstrate its acceptable performance in case of typical problems met in VBN systems, i.e. differences of scales of compared images due to altitude errors and their rotation with respect to each other due to yaw errors.
Protective levels of human immunoglobulin G antibody to group B streptococcus type Ib (1984)

We studied the concentration of circulating human immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody to the native capsular polysaccharide of group B streptococcus (GBS) type Ib necessary to protect mice against lethal challenge by laboratory and clinical GBS Ib strains. Antibody was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in which native polysaccharide antigen coupled to human serum albumin was used. The assay was standardized by a quantitative precipitation test, using native antigen and specific human IgG antibody purified by affinity chromatography. IgG anti-GBS Ib antibody level-protection curves for 90% lethal dose challenge of mice were sigmoidal. The curves of whole serum and affinity-chromatographed IgG anti-GBS Ib were superimposable. The serum concentrations of human antibody required for complete protection of mice varied with the infecting strain and ranged from 0.038 to 0.175 microgram/ml. Protective levels of human IgG anti-GBS Ib were lower than those we found previously for homologous protection against GBS Ia challenge (range, 0.25 to 1.0 microgram/ml).
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE RADIATION-DAMAGED PRECURSOR CELLS IN BONE MARROW BASED ON MODELING OF THE PERIPHERAL BLOOD GRANULOCYTES RESPONSE (2011)

Bone marrow failure is the major cause of radiation lethality in mammals. Since bone marrow is distributed heterogeneously within trabecular spongiosa encased in a cortex of cortical bone, it is very difficult to measure the extent of the radiation damage directly. However, indirect consequences of damage to marrow, such as reductions in peripheral blood cell counts, are easily measured. In this paper, the authors investgate a mathematical model of the granulopoiesis system that provides quantitative relationships between reductions in peripheral blood cells and the bone marrow precursor cells following radiation exposure. A coarse-grained architecture of cellular replication and production as well as a mechanism for implicit regulation used in this model are discussed. The model is based on previous investigations of rodents. The authors test how well the model matches, in the principal dynamic regime of hematopoiesis, experimental data on large animals as well as empirical data on humans following radiation exposure. Due to its ability to infer, albeit indirectly, radiation damage to bone marrow, this model will provide a useful computational tool in radiation accident management, military operations involving nuclear warfare, radiation therapy, and space radiation risk assessment.
Expression and Functional Significance of SOCS-1 and SOCS-3 in Astrocytes (2008)

Astrocytes play a number of important physiological roles in CNS homeostasis. Inflammation stimulates astrocytes to secrete cytokines and chemokines that guide macrophages/microglia and T cells to sites of injury/inflammation. Herein, we describe how these processes are controlled by the suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins, a family of proteins that negatively regulate adaptive and innate immune responses. In this study, we describe that the immunomodulatory cytokine IFN-beta induces SOCS-1 and SOCS-3 expression in primary astrocytes at the transcriptional level. SOCS-1 and SOCS-3 transcriptional activity is induced by IFN-beta through IFN-gamma activation site (GAS) elements within their promoters. Studies in STAT-1alpha-deficient astrocytes indicate that STAT-1alpha is required for IFN-beta-induced SOCS-1 expression, while STAT-3 small interfering RNA studies demonstrate that IFN-beta-induced SOCS-3 expression relies on STAT-3 activation. Specific small interfering RNA inhibition of IFN-beta-inducible SOCS-1 and SOCS-3 in astrocytes enhances their proinflammatory responses to IFN-beta stimulation, such as heightened expression of the chemokines CCL2 (MCP-1), CCL3 (MIP-1alpha), CCL4 (MIP-1beta), CCL5 (RANTES), and CXCL10 (IP-10), and promoting chemotaxis of macrophages and CD4(+) T cells. These results indicate that IFN-beta induces SOCS-1 and SOCS-3 in primary astrocytes to attenuate its own chemokine-related inflammation in the CNS.
Software quality improvement - Letters (2004)

Presents letters sent to the editor regarding previous articles from this publication or other relevant topics of discussion.
Modified orthogonal matching pursuit for multiple measurement vector with joint sparsity in super-resolution compressed sensing (2017)

The mismatch model errors incur after discretization in many compressed sensing (CS) applications, e.g., target discrimination, direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation because the true parameters do not lie on the discretized grids. Superresolution CS techniques aim to reduce these errors through the design of discrete Fourier transformation (DFT) sensing matrix with a finer grid system. However, without hardware updates, the discretization with a large refinement factor leads to high coherence of sensing matrix and consequently poor reconstruction performances. Thus, this paper uses Multiple Measurement Vector (MMV) technique for joint-sparse recovery of super-resolution CS-DFT problems and simultaneously proposes a new joint-sparse MMV reconstruction variant of Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMPMMV) to improve their performances. Furthermore, we also propose Cyclic OMPMMV with an additional atom updating procedure to correct the wrongly estimated non-zero indices. Finally, the achieved results will be demonstrated through numerical experiments.