gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Applicability of Time‐Temperature Indicators as Shelf Life Monitors of Food Products (1989)

ABSTRACT A systematic approach that allows the correlation of the response of a Time‐Temperature Indicator (TTI) to the consumed and remaining shelf life of a food product exposed to the same variable temperature conditions was developed. The approach was based on kinetic principles and is applicable to a TTI‐food system without necessitating side by side testing. The applicability of three major TTI types to the developed scheme was studied. Experiments under several isothermal conditions were conducted and kinetic parameters for the three TTI were determined. All TTI showed an Arrhenius temperature dependence and their calculated activation energies ranged from 10 to 40 kcal/mol.
Time-bounded model checking of infinite-state continuous-time Markov chains (2008)

The design of complex concurrent systems often involves intricate performance and dependability considerations. Continuous-time Markov chains (CTMCs) are widely used models for concurrent system designs making it possible to model check such properties. In this paper, we focus on probabilistic timing properties of infinite-state CTMCs, expressible in continuous stochastic logic (CSL). Such properties comprise important dependability measures, such as timed probabilistic reachability, performability, survivability, and various availability measures like instantaneous availabilities, conditional instantaneous availabilities and interval availabilities. Conventional model checkers explore the given model exhaustively which is not always possible either due to state explosion or because the model is infinite. This paper presents a method that only explores the infinite (or prohibitively large) model up to a finite depth, with the depth bound being computed on-the-fly. We provide experimental evidence showing that our method is effective.
DNA-mediated dimerization on a compact sequence signature controls enhancer engagement and regulation by FOXA1 (2018)

FOXA1 is a transcription factor capable to bind silenced chromatin to direct context-dependent cell fate conversion. Here, we demonstrate that a compact palindromic DNA element (termed 'DIV' for its diverging half-sites) induces the homodimerization of FOXA1 with strongly positive cooperativity. Alternative structural models are consistent with either an indirect DNA-mediated cooperativity or a direct protein-protein interaction. The cooperative homodimer formation is strictly constrained by precise half-site spacing. Re-analysis of chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing data indicates that the DIV is effectively targeted by FOXA1 in the context of chromatin. Reporter assays show that FOXA1-dependent transcriptional activity declines when homodimeric binding is disrupted. In response to phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase inhibition DIV sites pre-bound by FOXA1 such as at the PVT1/MYC locus exhibit a strong increase in accessibility suggesting a role of the DIV configuration in the chromatin closed-open dynamics. Moreover, several disease-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms map to DIV elements and show allelic differences in FOXA1 homodimerization, reporter gene expression and are annotated as quantitative trait loci. This includes the rs541455835 variant at the MAPT locus encoding the Tau protein associated with Parkinson's disease. Collectively, the DIV guides chromatin engagement and regulation by FOXA1 and its perturbation could be linked to disease etiologies.
Nickel‐Catalyzed N‐Arylation of NH‐Sulfoximines with Aryl Halides via Paired Electrolysis (2021)

Abstract A novel strategy for the N‐arylation of NH‐sulfoximines has been developed by merging nickel catalysis and electrochemistry (in an undivided cell), thereby providing a practical method for the construction of sulfoximine derivatives. Paired electrolysis is employed in this protocol, so a sacrificial anode is not required. Owing to the mild reaction conditions, excellent functional group tolerance and yield are achieved. A preliminary mechanistic study indicates that the anodic oxidation of a Ni II species is crucial to promote the reductive elimination of a C−N bond from the resulting Ni III species at room temperature.
Novel S–N ring contractions using dithiadiazoles; the synthesis and X-ray crystal structures of [PhCNSSN][S3N2]Cl and [(PhCNSSN)2Cl][S3N3] (1989)

When 4-phenyl-1,2,3,5-dithiadiazole dimer (Ph[graphic omitted])2 dehalogenates cyclotetrathiatriazenium chloride, [S4N3]Cl, and cyclopentathiazenium chloride, [S5N5], in acetonitrile, novel ring contractions occur to give the title compounds (1) and (2).
Odd-parity magnetoresistance in pyrochlore iridate thin films with broken time-reversal symmetry (2015)

A new class of materials termed topological insulators have been intensively investigated due to their unique Dirac surface state carrying dissipationless edge spin currents. Recently, it has been theoretically proposed that the three dimensional analogue of this type of band structure, the Weyl Semimetal phase, is materialized in pyrochlore oxides with strong spin-orbit coupling, accompanied by all-in-all-out spin ordering. Here, we report on the fabrication and magnetotransport of Eu2Ir2O7 single crystalline thin films. We reveal that one of the two degenerate all-in-all-out domain structures, which are connected by time-reversal operation, can be selectively formed by the polarity of the cooling magnetic field. Once formed, the domain is robust against an oppositely polarised magnetic field, as evidenced by an unusual odd field dependent term in the magnetoresistance and an anomalous term in the Hall resistance. Our findings pave the way for exploring the predicted novel quantum transport phenomenon at the surfaces/interfaces or magnetic domain walls of pyrochlore iridates.
Monograph Validation Strategies in Shared Print Programs: Variations and Value (2016)

In 2013, the Central Iowa Collaborative Collections Initiative (CI-CCI) entered into a shared print monograph retention agreement which resulted in a project to fully validate the assigned retention commitments. While shared print retention programs are becoming increasingly common, they often do not include a process for verification of availability and condition of volumes. This article focuses on the validation aspect of the CI-CCI program and the rationale behind it, and examines how other print collaborative projects view and approach validation. Finally, the article concludes with a summary and an analysis of the value of this effort.
Catalytic Pathways Identification for Partial Oxidation of Methanol on Copper−Zinc Catalysts:  CH3OH + 1/2O2 ↔ CO2 + 2H2 (2008)

Much effort has been spent to investigate catalytic generation of hydrogen from methanol partial oxidation (MPO) in light of its practical and theoretical importance. Nevertheless, relatively little has been done to gain in-depth understanding of the catalytic mechanisms or pathways of MPO. The exploration of pathways of any catalytic reaction can be greatly facilitated by exhaustively generating at the outset stoichiometrically feasible and independent catalytic mechanisms or pathways (IPi's) from a set of plausible elementary reactions by means of our graph-theoretic method based on P-graphs (process graphs). The method is implemented by resorting to the combinatorial algorithms derived from the two sets of rigorously stated axioms on the basis of the mass-conservation law and stoichiometric principle. In the current work, a set of 13 plausible elementary reactions has been proposed for MPO from which six IPi's have been generated in less than 1 s with a PC (Pentium 4, CPU 3.06 GHz, and 1 GB RAM). Subsequently, the rate equations of these six IPi's have been derived according to the Langmuir−Hinshelwood−Hougen−Watson (LHHW) formalism. The kinetic constants of the resultant rate equations have been estimated through nonlinear regression of the equations with experimental data. In light of the least-square criterion, IP2 and IP6 are deemed potentially dominant pathways.
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis and Properties of New 2‐Pyrrolylthiones as Chelating Agents for Transition Metals and Technetium. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Receptor Targets in Drug Discovery (2006)

Receptors, located on both the cell surface and within the cell are the defined molecular targets through which drugs produce their beneficial effects in various disease states. Initially conceptualized over a century ago by Ehrlich and Langley, receptor concepts and receptor theory have undergone continuous modification as their behavior in normal and disease states/tissues have been more clearly characterized. Since the isolation of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) from the Torpedo , some 50 years ago, new techniques of molecular biology have made it relatively routine to isolate receptors, including orphan receptors. Once these have been validated, they can be used in conjunction with high- throughput screening approaches to identify “hits,” molecules that bind with relatively high affinity to these targets. Such hits can then be optimized to druglike entities using combinatorial/parallel synthesis technology platforms to yield clinical candidates that are potent, efficacious, and bioavailable entities with appropriate safety profiles.
Supported catalysts using nanoparticles as the support material (2015)

A process for making a porous catalyst, comprises a) providing an aqueous solution containing a nanoparticle precursor, b) forming a composition containing nanoparticles, c) adding a first catalytic component or precursor thereof and a pore-forming agent to the composition containing nanoparticles and allowing the first catalytic component, the pore-forming agent, and the nanoparticles form an organic-inorganic structure, d) removing water from the organic-inorganic structure; and e) removing the pore-forming agent from the organic-inorganic structure so as to yield a porous catalyst.
Improvement of defect reduction in semi-polar GaN grown on shallow-trenched Si(001) substrate (2012)

The improved design of sub-micron trenches on Si(001) substrate was demonstrated for defect suppression in semi-polar selectively-grown GaN layers. Cathodoluminescence and transmission electron microscopy measurements revealed a dramatically decreased density of threading dislocations and stacking faults near the surface of the overgrown GaN layer when the trench width ranged from 500 to 1500 nm. It was observed that defects were effectively trapped inside the trench when the ratio of trench depth to the SiO2 thickness is less than 0.66. In addition, a significant reduction of intrinsic polarization electric field was achieved for the InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well on the GaN selectively grown from the Si trenches.
Coordinated reactive power control of a large wind farm and a STATCOM using heuristic dynamic programming (2009)

Summary form only given. A novel interface neurocontroller (INC) is proposed for the coordinated reactive power control between a large wind farm equipped with doubly fed induction generators (DFIGs) and a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM). The heuristic dynamic programming (HDP) technique and radial basis function neural networks (RBFNNs) are used to design this INC. It effectively reduces the level of voltage sags as well as the over-currents in the DFIG rotor circuit during grid faults, and therefore, significantly enhances the fault ride-through capability of the wind farm. The INC also acts as a coordinated external damping controller for the wind farm and the STATCOM, and therefore, improves power oscillation damping of the system after grid faults. Simulation studies are carried out in PSCAD/EMTDC and the results are presented to verify the proposed INC.
The extent and impact of mental health problems after disaster. (2006)

Disasters are events that challenge the individual's ability to adapt, which carries the risk of adverse mental health outcomes including serious posttraumatic psychopathologies. While risk is related to degree of exposure to psychological toxins, the unique vulnerabilities of special populations within the affected community as well as secondary stressors play an important role in determining the nature and amount of morbidity. Disasters in developing countries and those associated with substantial community destruction are associated with worse outcome. Although acute responses are ubiquitous, few disasters lead to posttraumatic psychopathology in the majority of people exposed. However, the shortage of human resources in psychiatry, particularly in developing countries, places a considerable burden on psychiatric services even without the additional constraints imposed by disaster. Hence, disasters are events that invite a public health approach to mental health that better serves the needs of the individual and the affected community. Such an approach considers all available human resources and is intended to mitigate the effects of disaster before serious psychopathologic sequelae arise. This community mental health strategy allows peripheral mental health workers to mediate between survivors and specialized mental health professionals while assisting in removing barriers to treatment. To be effective when disaster occurs, this approach requires careful planning in conjunction with community consultation before implementation of formal disaster mitigation policies.
X-ray refraction effects: application to the imaging of biological tissues (2003)

The purpose of this study was to explore the potential of refraction contrast X-ray imaging of biological tissues. Images of dissected mouse lungs, heart, liver and legs were produced using the medical beamline at the Elettra Synchrotron at Trieste, Italy. The technique used was diffraction enhanced imaging. This utilizes a silicon crystal positioned between the tissue sample and the detector to separate refracted X-rays from transmitted and scattered radiation by Bragg diffraction. The contrast in the images produced is related to changes in the X-ray refractive index of the tissues, resulting in remarkable clarity compared with conventional X-ray images based on absorption effects. These changes were greatest at the boundaries between different tissues, giving a marked edge enhancement effect and three-dimensional appearance to the images. The technique provides a way of imaging a property of biological tissues not yet exploited, and further studies are planned to identify specific applications in medical imaging.
Pitfalls of Irritant Patch Testing Using Different Test Chamber Sizes (2001)

Background: Test chambers for irritant patch testing are usually larger than those used in allergic patch testing. In general, larger areas show stronger skin reactions than smaller areas. Objective: This study investigated whether this difference is of practical relevance, when a model irritant is applied in small and large Finn chambers and evaluated by measurement of transepidermal water loss (TEWL). Methods: Patch testing was performed with 2 concentrations of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) (0.25% and 0.5%) on forearms of healthy volunteers. Large (inner diameter, 12 mm) and small (inner diameter, 8 mm) chambers were used. Results: A variance analysis (3 factors, 2-tailed) showed that the test outcome, as assessed by TEWL, was strongly dependent on SLS test concentration and test chamber size. The larger chambers gave approximately 30% to 50% higher values than the smaller. Conclusions: This may be explained by the fact that with the small chambers, the adjacent small area of nontreated skin was also assessed by the evaporimeter, biasing the results. A formula estimating TEWL value of the large chamber from values of the small chambers has been proposed.
P-code and compiler portability (1990)

P-Code generation as an intermediate step between the fron t end and back end of a compiler is a standard method fo r improving the portability of a compiler . But P-cod e continues to suffer from a number of drawbacks as a means t o create truly portable compilers . Two such drawbacks are th e lack of a P-code standard, and the difficulty o f representing optimization information in P-code format . A Modula-2 compiler written by Michael L . Powell at DE C Western Research does use a version of P--code whic h transmits optimizing information . This note reports on th e experience I have had porting that compiler from a VAX to a Sequent Balance . I have found that the P-code version use d supports optimization in important ways, but still does no t represent register allocation information well . A suggestio n is made to improve register allocation across the P-cod e interface .
Real Time Multipurpose Smart Waste Classification Model for Efficient Recycling in Smart Cities Using Multilayer Convolutional Neural Network and Perceptron (2021)

Urbanization is a big concern for both developed and developing countries in recent years. People shift themselves and their families to urban areas for the sake of better education and a modern lifestyle. Due to rapid urbanization, cities are facing huge challenges, one of which is waste management, as the volume of waste is directly proportional to the people living in the city. The municipalities and the city administrations use the traditional wastage classification techniques which are manual, very slow, inefficient and costly. Therefore, automatic waste classification and management is essential for the cities that are being urbanized for the better recycling of waste. Better recycling of waste gives the opportunity to reduce the amount of waste sent to landfills by reducing the need to collect new raw material. In this paper, the idea of a real-time smart waste classification model is presented that uses a hybrid approach to classify waste into various classes. Two machine learning models, a multilayer perceptron and multilayer convolutional neural network (ML-CNN), are implemented. The multilayer perceptron is used to provide binary classification, i.e., metal or non-metal waste, and the CNN identifies the class of non-metal waste. A camera is placed in front of the waste conveyor belt, which takes a picture of the waste and classifies it. Upon successful classification, an automatic hand hammer is used to push the waste into the assigned labeled bucket. Experiments were carried out in a real-time environment with image segmentation. The training, testing, and validation accuracy of the purposed model was 0.99% under different training batches with different input features.
Licorice abuse: time to send a warning message (2012)

Licorice extract has always been recognized as a sweetener and a thirst quencher. Its nutritive value is overrated by many who consume significant amounts and are prone to complications. Glycyrrhetic acid, the active metabolite in licorice, inhibits the enzyme 11-ß-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzyme type 2 with a resultant cortisol-induced mineralocorticoid effect and the tendency towards the elevation of sodium and reduction of potassium levels. This aldosterone-like action is the fundamental basis for understanding its health benefits and the wide spectrum of adverse effects. Herein, we present a comprehensive review of licorice along with the reported complications related to excess intake. Despite its apparent use in a few clinical scenarios, the daily consumption of licorice is never justified because its benefits are minor compared to the adverse outcomes of chronic consumption. The review highlights the importance of investigating the dietary habits and herbal remedies which are being used worldwide on cultural and habitual bases rather than reliable scientific evidence. Licorice is a US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved food supplement used in many products without precise regulations to prevent toxicity. Increased awareness among the public is required through TV commercials, newspapers, internet sites, magazines and product labels regarding the upper limit of ingestion and health hazards associated with excess intake. We hope that this review will serve as a warning message that should be transmitted from physicians to patients to avoid excessive licorice intake as well as a message to the FDA to start regulating the use of this substance.
Multi-agent cooperative transport planning of intermodal freight transport (2014)

This paper proposes a multi-agent cooperative intermodal freight transport planning approach for multiple intermodal freight transport operators (IFTOs) in the control of container flows. The cooperation goal is to minimize the overall freight delivery cost for serving certain transport demands. Based on a distributed model predictive control methodology, a cooperative planning approach is proposed by decomposing the augmented Lagrangian formulation of the joint intermodal freight transport planning problem into subproblems that are then cooperatively solved by the IFTOs through iterative exchange of planning information. A simulation study on cooperative intermodel freight transport planning illustrates the potential of the proposed cooperative planning approach.
Magnetic field dependence of nonresonant microwave power dissipation inYBa2Cu3O7−x (1988)

We report measurements of the $H$-dependent component of dissipated power ${\ensuremath{\delta}P}_{A}(H,T)$ for $H=0\ensuremath{-}19$ kOe and $T=60\ensuremath{-}95$ K. Powdered bulk material is exposed to the maximum ${H}_{\mathrm{ac}}$ (minimum ${E}_{\mathrm{ac}}$) field produced by a 20.9-GHz cavity. In the normal state, ac losses depend weakly on $H$ and thus ${\ensuremath{\delta}P}_{A}$ is small. ${\ensuremath{\delta}P}_{A}$ increases abruptly at ${T}_{c}$ and varies roughly as $\sqrt{H}$, consistent with unpinned vortex motion. At lower $T$, ${\ensuremath{\delta}P}_{A}$ decreases and becomes approximately linear in $H$, consistent with pinning-force effects. We observe abrupt structure near ${H}_{c1}$ and an absence of hysteresis. Our method deemphasizes low-${J}_{c}$ material at grain boundaries. The distinctive variation of ${\ensuremath{\delta}P}_{A}(H,T)$ provides a signature suitable for identifying minority superconductive phases in electrically discontinuous samples.
Sialylation and fucosylation of epidermal growth factor receptor suppress its dimerization and activation in lung cancer cells (2011)

Protein glycosylation is an important posttranslational process, which regulates protein folding and functional expression. Studies have shown that abnormal glycosylation in tumor cells affects cancer progression and malignancy. In the current study, we have identified sialylated proteins using an alkynyl sugar probe in two different lung cancer cell lines, CL1-0 and CL1-5 with distinct invasiveness derived from the same parental cell line. Among the identified sialylated proteins, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was chosen to understand the effect of sialylation on its function. We have determined the differences in glycan sequences of EGFR in both cells and observed higher sialylation and fucosylation of EGFR in CL1-5 than in CL1-0. Further study suggested that overexpression of sialyltransferases in CL1-5 and α1,3-fucosyltransferases (FUT4 or FUT6) in CL1-5 and A549 cells would suppress EGFR dimerization and phosphorylation upon EGF treatment, as compared to the control and CL1-0 cells. Such modulating effects on EGFR dimerization were further confirmed by sialidase or fucosidase treatment. Thus, increasing sialylation and fucosylation could attenuate EGFR-mediated invasion of lung cancer cells. However, incorporation of the core fucose by α1,6-fucosylatransferase (FUT8) would promote EGFR dimerization and phosphorylation.