gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A method for estimating both the solubility parameters and molar volumes of liquids (1974)

Abstract The solubility parameters and molar volumes of substances can be used, in conjunction with suitable theory, to provide estimates of the thermodynamic properties of solutions; the solubility characteristics of polymer‐solvent systems and the estimation of the equilibrium uptake of liquids by polymers are examples of the type of practical problems that are amenable to treatment. For low molecular weight liquids, the solubility parameter, δ, is conveniently calculated using the expression δ = (Δ E v / V )½, where Δ E v is the energy of vaporization at a given temperature and V is the corresponding molar volume which is calculated from the known values of molecular weight and density. For high molecular weight polymers, the volatility is much too low for Δ E v to be obtained directly and hence recourse must be made to indirect methods for estimating δ for these materials. One such widely used method is based on Small's additive group “molar‐attraction constants” which when summed allow the estimation of δ from a knowledge of the structural formula of the material; however, the density must still be determined experimentally. The proposed method of estimating δ, also based on group additive constants is believed to be superior to Small's method for two reasons: (1) the contribution of a much larger number of functional groups have been evaluated, and (2) the method requires only a knowledge of the structural formula of the compound.
Inhibition of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α and Endothelial Progenitor Cell Differentiation by Adenoviral Transfer of Small Interfering RNA in vitro (2006)

RNA interference is applied to study gene function in different organisms and in various cell types. Little is known about the effect of RNA interference on human endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in vitro. To address this issue, short hairpin RNA targeting the human hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) was transferred into human EPCs by an adenoviral vector. HIF-1alpha mRNA and protein expression was dramatically and specifically downregulated after adeno-small interfering RNA (siRNA)-HIF-1alpha infection in cells under hypoxia, a condition in which HIF-1alpha would have been induced. This effect persisted for at least 72 h and was accompanied by suppression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA and protein expression. The expression of endothelial cell markers CD31, VEGF receptor 2 (Flk-1) and eNOS as well as NO production were also markedly decreased. Functional studies showed HIF-1alpha knockdown via adenoviral siRNA transfer inhibited EPC colony formation, differentiation, proliferation and migration. These data indicate that specific gene knockdown via adenoviral transfer of siRNA is feasible in EPCs, and the effect is long-lasting. Our findings raise the possibility that such long-term modified human EPCs may be used to treat hypoxic tumor metastases that are known to be resistant to conventional therapeutic regimes.
Supplementary Fig. S1 from Human colorectal tumors and metastases express Gb<sub>3</sub> and can be targeted by an intestinal pathogen-based delivery tool (2023)

Supplementary Fig. S1 from Human colorectal tumors and metastases express Gb&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; and can be targeted by an intestinal pathogen-based delivery tool
Low Precious Metal Alloy Catalysts and Durable carbon Support (2006)

No abstract prepared.
Principles of Foundation Engineering (1984)

A must-have resource for all foundation engineering courses, Principles of Foundation Engineering, 9th Edition provides a careful balance between current research and practical field applications as it introduces civil engineering students to the core concepts and applications of foundation analysis design. Throughout this best-selling book, Dr. Das and Dr. Sivakugan emphasize how to develop the critical judgment civil engineers need to properly apply theories and analysis to the evaluation of soils and foundation design. This new edition includes three new chapters that highlight developing topics. This edition also provides a wealth of worked-out examples and multiple new figures that emphasize the skills most critical for students to master as successful civil engineers.
Characterization of Gels Composed of Blends of Collagen I, Collagen III, and Chondroitin Sulfate (2008)

Type I collagen is explored heavily for use in biomaterials, but the role of other extracellular matrix components in regulating collagen organization is gaining attention. We show that as the ratio of type III to type I collagen increases, fibril diameter decreases. A mixture of the two collagen types results in a more open structural network, corresponding to a more compliant material, as compared to a material composed of only one collagen type. Glycosaminoglycans also affect collagen organization and tissue properties. We show that chondroitin sulfate decreases the collagen fibril diameter. Additionally, chondroitin sulfate (CS) increases the void space of a collagen I or collagen III gel, resulting in a more compliant material, but the interactions between types I and III collagen negate the effects of CS. The simple combination of these components results in materials with unique structural, mechanical, and biological cues that can be useful in tailoring biomaterials for tissue engineering.
Development of Biomechanical Manikins for Measuring Seat Comfort (1972)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A manikin that can simulate the final stable posture of a seated human being has been developed in order to evaluate seat comfort quantitatively and to analyze the biomechanical characteristics of seats.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;J-SAE 3DM, a manikin with the dimensions of a Japanese 50th percentile person made to imitate the SAE three-dimensional manikin standardized in SAE J826 was employed as the original; three additional joints were installed on its back pan to make it flexible.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In this paper, the authors' view of seat comfort, on which their study was based, is summarized. Then the progress of development and various experimental results showing the usability of the final model are outlined.&lt;/div&gt;
Supplementary Figure Legends from Evidence for the Direct Binding of Phosphorylated p53 to Sites of DNA Breaks <i>In vivo</i> (2023)

Supplementary Figure Legends from Evidence for the Direct Binding of Phosphorylated p53 to Sites of DNA Breaks &lt;i&gt;In vivo&lt;/i&gt;
Protein glaucoma as a possible mechanism in a case of glaucomatocyclitic crisis and periphlebitis. (1983)

A case of glaucomatocyclitis crisis with recurrent episodes of increased I0P, abnormal appearance of the angle structure and periphlebitis was presented. Some of these episodes involving first one eye and later occurring bilaterally were characterized by absence of flare in the anterior chamber. It is suggested that protein leakage following retinal periphlebitis or an inflammatory reaction involving the ciliary body might be the underlying mechanism for the elevated ocular pressure. The abnormal angle structure in our patient favored this protein glaucoma. A permanent increase in I0P observed at the latter stages of the disease indicate that the trabecular meshwork might be damaged irreversibly by protein glaucoma.
Selection of Optimal Axon Ratio for Nerve Regeneration (1989)

The traditional teaching that "nerve fibers are lost at the suture line" after a nerve repair was investigated by asking the question, "Can the number of nerve fibers distal to a nerve repair site be increased by increasing the number of nerve fibers proximally?" Ratios of proximal to distal nerve fibers were increased from 1:1 to 2.5:1 to 3.5:1 by suturing peroneal or posterior tibial or sciatic nerve proximally to peroneal nerve distally. At one year following the repair, distal nerve fiber numbers increased to twice normal as the ratio increased to 2.5:1, and then nerve fiber numbers plateaued. Nerve function, as judged by walking track analysis, was best in the peroneal:peroneal group (1:1 ratio), suggesting that appropriateness rather than number of proximal fibers was more critical in this nerve repair model.
250 MW peak power ultrafast mid-IR OPCPA (2013)

Summary form only given. Laser sources delivering high energy, carrier-envelope phase (CEP) stable ultra-short pulses in the mid-IR spectral range (3 <; λ<; 8 μm) at high repetition rate and featuring excellent long-term stability are in demand for a wide range of experiments in the strong-field physics community. Several sources have been reported over the past few years meeting part of these stringent requirements. In particular laser sources operating at 2 μm wavelength - slightly below the mid-IR spectral range - have been reported delivering outputs in the mJ energy range at kHz repetition rate [1]. Another source delivering mJs of energy at 3.9 μm wavelength has been reported but operates at 20 Hz [2], a repetition rate unsuited for practical applications. Here, we present the highest average power mid-IR laser source reported to date ideally suited for the next generation of high-field physics experiment. The system delivers daily CEP stable pulses with center wavelength at 3.1 μm able to reach the 10<;sup>14<;/sup> W/cm<;sup>2<;/sup> intensity range at 160 kHz.The system relies on an optical parametric chirped pulse amplifier (OPCPA) architecture and is therefore composed of a seed source, a pump source, optical parametric amplifier (OPA) stages and stretcher/compressor assemblies. The pump source is a commercial MOPA system (Lumera Laser GmbH) delivering 6 ps duration pulses with up to 1 mJ output energy at 1064 nm and 160 kHz repetition rate. The seed 3 μm wavelength pulses are obtained via difference frequency generation between femtosecond pulses at 1.5 μm and 1 μm wavelength derived a from a common fiber laser system (Toptica Photonics AG). Parametric amplification is performed in a cascade of 4 MgO-doped periodically poled LiNbO3 crystals. The final OPA stage features large aperture (5x5 mm2) crystals therefore enabling output energy scaling. Pulse stretching is performed before parametric amplification by propagating the seed pulses through bulk Sapphire and compression is achieved in a Martineztype compressor featuring a deformable mirror for fine adjustment of the spectral phase.The measured output spectrum spans over 600 nm (at 1/e2) and FROG measurements revealed a limited amount of leftover 3rd order dispersion (Fig. 1 - left) yielding pulse duration as short as 65 fs (6 cycles). The output power was measured to be over 6 W before and 3.2 W after compression (corresponding to 20 μJ output energy). Stability, monitored over 4.5 h, revealed power fluctuations <; 1% rms (Fig. 1 - right). CEP fluctuations were measured to be <; 250 mrad over 11 minutes [3]. This system, delivering simultaneously high peak power and high peak intensity, has been successfully used for filamentation studies, photo-ionization studies, electron acceleration experiments and fundamental solid-state physics experiments.
Development of novel transmit waveforms for SAR-based target detection (2005)

This paper demonstrates methods of optimizing a sequence of radar transmit waveforms for a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) based upon specific knowledge of a targets radar cross section (RCS). The intent is to maximize target detection performance. It is required to have a priori knowledge of targets radar cross section (RCS). Two approaches are evaluated, the matched waveform and the variable chirp waveform. Examples are shown for each approach for a synthetically generated target data set.
Photoinduced Electron Transfer in Dry Gelatin Containing Bound Methylene Blue (1998)

Excited states of methylene blue bound to dry gelatin undergo electron-transfer quenching reactions with neighboring amino acid residues to give reduced, methylene blue-free radicals. At the low loadings of methylene blue bound to gelatin used in this work, the absorption spectra indicated that the methylene blue existed principally in its monomeric form. The rates of methylene blue fluorescence quenching depended on the temperature at which the gelatin was dried. There was no detectable fluorescence characteristic of the localized excited singlet state of methylene blue when the dye is bound to gelatin dried at 15°C, where a significant proportion of the protein exists in its a-helical form. Instead, weak emission with a maximum at 645 nm is observed. It is inferred from this that the rate of quenching of any localized excited singlet states of the dye bound to a-helical gelatin is very fast thereby competing efficiently with radiative relaxation. The weak emission at 645 nm is ascribed to a fluorescent exciplex formed between bound methylene blue and a neighboring electron/proton donor residue of the gelatin. While fluorescence characteristic of the localized methylene blue singlet state was observed from dyed gelatin dried at 50°C, i.e. in its random coil form, the triplet state is subject to rapid quenching by electron/proton transfer with protein moieties.
ChemInform Abstract: Difluorooxymethylene‐Bridged Liquid Crystals: A Novel Synthesis Based on the Oxidative Alkoxydifluorodesulfuration of Dithianylium Salts. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Parent-infant co-sleeping: fathers' roles and perspectives (2000)

Dyadic co-sleeping (mother–baby) is a common strategy for night-time infant care in the majority of world cultures. Triadic co-sleeping (mother–father–baby) is less common, although still widely practised cross-culturally. This paper examines triadic co-sleeping in an opportunistic sample of parents from the North Tees region of England, and explores fathers' expectations and experiences of sleeping with their babies. Using a prospective study design, 36 sets of parents, pre- and post-natally, were interviewed about infant care strategies, particularly at night. Although they did not anticipate sleeping with their infants at the pre-natal interview, the majority of fathers (81%) had done so by the time of the second interview. First-time fathers were afraid that they would squash or suffocate the baby in their sleep, and some were concerned that the infant's presence would adversely affect their own sleep. Fathers used a variety of strategies to help overcome their initial fears of co-sleeping. Among those for whom triadic co-sleeping became a regular night-time infant care strategy, the pleasures of prolonged intimate contact with their infant were clearly apparent. It is suggested that the experience of sleeping with their infant ameliorates some of the distancing effects felt by fathers outside the breast-feeding relationship, and helps encourage paternal involvement in night-time infant care-giving. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A 1.5 W single-chip MPEG2 MP@ML encoder with low power motion estimation and clocking (2002)

To produce practical single-chip MPEG2 encoder LSIs, it is important to reduce power dissipation and chip size. Low-efficiency pipeline-parallel processing designs for motion estimation (ME) require not only high clock frequency but also large power dissipation. Clock distribution is also a major factor in power dissipation. In conventional designs the power required for clock distribution depends not on the average performance but on the peak-performance required. This represents a waste of power. In response to this, adaptive search-area ME and demand clocking are used in a single-chip MPEG2 encoder LSI.
A Domain-Independent Agent Architecture for Adaptive Operation in Evolving Open Worlds (2023)

Model-based reasoning agents are ill-equipped to act in novel situations in which their model of the environment no longer sufficiently represents the world. We propose HYDRA - a framework for designing model-based agents operating in mixed discrete-continuous worlds, that can autonomously detect when the environment has evolved from its canonical setup, understand how it has evolved, and adapt the agents' models to perform effectively. HYDRA is based upon PDDL+, a rich modeling language for planning in mixed, discrete-continuous environments. It augments the planning module with visual reasoning, task selection, and action execution modules for closed-loop interaction with complex environments. HYDRA implements a novel meta-reasoning process that enables the agent to monitor its own behavior from a variety of aspects. The process employs a diverse set of computational methods to maintain expectations about the agent's own behavior in an environment. Divergences from those expectations are useful in detecting when the environment has evolved and identifying opportunities to adapt the underlying models. HYDRA builds upon ideas from diagnosis and repair and uses a heuristics-guided search over model changes such that they become competent in novel conditions. The HYDRA framework has been used to implement novelty-aware agents for three diverse domains - CartPole++ (a higher dimension variant of a classic control problem), Science Birds (an IJCAI competition problem), and PogoStick (a specific problem domain in Minecraft). We report empirical observations from these domains to demonstrate the efficacy of various components in the novelty meta-reasoning process.
High-resolution lightfield photography using two masks (2012)

A major theme of computational photography is the acquisition of lightfield, which opens up new imaging capabilities, such as focusing after image capture. However, to capture the lightfield, one normally has to sacrifice significant spatial resolution as compared to normal imaging for a fixed sensor size. In this work, we present a new design for lightfield acquisition, which allows for the capture of a higher resolution lightfield by using two attenuation masks. They are positioned at the aperture stop and the optical path respectively, so that the four-dimensional (4D) lightfield spectrum is encoded and sampled by a two-dimensional (2D) camera sensor in a single snapshot. Then, during post-processing, by exploiting the coherence embedded in a lightfield, we can retrieve the desired 4D lightfield with a higher resolution using inverse imaging. The performance of our proposed method is demonstrated with simulations based on actual lightfield datasets.
Efficient support vector classifiers for named entity recognition (2002)

Named Entity (NE) recognition is a task in which proper nouns and numerical information are extracted from documents and are classified into categories such as person, organization, and date. It is a key technology of Information Extraction and Open-Domain Question Answering. First, we show that an NE recognizer based on Support Vector Machines (SVMs) gives better scores than conventional systems. However, off-the-shelf SVM classifiers are too inefficient for this task. Therefore, we present a method that makes the system substantially faster. This approach can also be applied to other similar tasks such as chunking and part-of-speech tagging. We also present an SVM-based feature selection method and an efficient training method.
B-spline based free form deformation thoracic non-rigid registration of CT and PET images (2011)

Accurate attenuation correction of emission data is mandatory for quantitative analysis of PET images. One of the main concerns in CT-based attenuation correction(CTAC) of PET data in multimodality PET/CT imaging is misalignment between PET and CT images. The aim of this study, is to proposed a hybrid method which is simple, fast and accurate, for registration of PET and CT data which affected from respiratory motion in order to improve the quality of CTAC. The algorithm is composed of three methods: First, using B-spline Free Form Deformation to describe both images and deformation field. Then applying a pre-filtering on both PET and CT images before segmentation of structures in order to reduce the respiratory related attenuation correction artifacts of PET emission data. In this approach, B-spline using FFD provide more accurate adaptive transformation to align the images, and structure constraints obtained from prefiltering applied to guide the algorithm to be more fast and accurate. Also it helps to reduce the radiation dose in PET/CT by avoiding repetition of CT imaging. These advances increase the potential of the method for routine clinical application.
Affinity purification of a somatostatin receptor-G-protein complex demonstrates specificity in receptor-G-protein coupling. (1993)

Abstract The inhibitory neuropeptide somatostatin (SRIF) initiates many of its physiological effects by binding to membrane receptors which are coupled to pertussis toxin-sensitive G-protein(s). We have solubilized such a SRIF receptor-G-protein complex and purified it using a biotinylated SRIF analog and guanine nucleotide-dependent affinity chromatography. Following [125I-Tyr11]SRIF binding to membranes from AR4-2J pancreatic acinar cells, only two detergents, dodecyl-beta-D-maltoside (D beta M) and sucrose monolaureate, extracted greater than 70% of the prebound peptide in association with receptor. The D beta M-solubilized ligand-receptor complex was extremely stable: the half-time (t1/2) for dissociation was 11 days at 4 degrees C. However, guanosine 5'-3-O-(thio)triphosphate (10 microM) elicited rapid dissociation of the [125I-Tyr11]SRIF-receptor complex (t1/2 < 30 s), and this effect was concentration-dependent (ED50 = 4.0 + 0.3 nM). [125I-Tyr11]SRIF dissociation was also stimulated by GDP (ED50 = 4.1 +/- 0.3 microM), and the potency of GDP was increased 4-fold by 30 microM AlF4-. Thus, the solubilized receptor was functionally associated with G-proteins. Cross-linking of the soluble [125I-Tyr11]SRIF-receptor complex resulted in the covalent labeling of a 70-90-kDa band, the same band that was specifically labeled in membranes. Affinity purification of the SRIF receptor-G-protein complex was accomplished by prebinding a biotinylated SRIF analog, [N-biotinyl-Leu8,D-Trp22,Tyr25]SRIF28, to membranes followed by solubilization of the ligand-receptor-G-protein complex, adsorption to streptavidin-agarose, and specific elution with 100 microM GDP, 30 microM AlF4-. G-proteins were identified in the eluate by immunoblotting with specific antipeptide antisera. Using this protocol, the G-protein subunits alpha i, alpha i-3, and beta 36 were shown to be specifically associated with the AR4-2J cell SRIF receptor. Thus, we have developed a new, generally applicable, procedure for the efficient solubilization and affinity purification of a stable SRIF receptor-G-protein complex and have characterized the specific G-protein subunits associated with pancreatic SRIF receptors.
Evaluation of antimotion sickness drugs: A new effective remedy revealed (1970)

Three single drugs (one used in three dosage levels) and three drug combinations were compared in their effectiveness to prevent motion sickness under standarized stress conditions in a slow rotation room. An unexpected finding was that a combination of promethazine 25 mg with d-amphetamine 10 mg had the same range of effectiveness as that found in earlier studies (and confirmed here) for scopolamine 0.6 mg plus d-amphetamine 10 mg. When scopolamine was tested alone, halving the 'usual' dose (0.6 mg) reduced its effectiveness about one-fifth and doubling the usual dose increased effectiveness by 29 per cent; thus, the optimum dose of scopolamine appeared to be approximately 0.5 mg. Betahistine hydrochloride (4 mg) was ineffective and cinnarizine (50 mg) was of small benefit. (Author).