gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tracheal cartilage - evaluating the potential of a novel biomaterial for reconstructive cardiovascular procedures (2012)

Modern cardiovascular medicine aims for procedures that preferably involve biological materials and, ideally, living implants. Thereby, the regenerative capacity of the target organ may be preserved or even supported, with a potential implant growth capacity during the following time. In the current study we sought to evaluate the integrative capacity of vital and non-vital tracheal cartilage rings (TCRs) of allogenic or xenogenic origin (allo-/xeno-vTCR; allo-/xeno-nvTCR) as biomaterials under the in vivo functional load of the circulatory system. Ovine and porcine vTCRs and nvTCRs were implanted in the mitral valve (MV) position for 3 and 9 months (n = 3 each), respectively, in lambs. MV function and TCR position were analysed by echocardiography. Tissue morphology (planimetry), vitality (live/dead-assay) and implant endothelialization (scanning electron microscopy) were analysed. No functional impairment or significant MV insufficiency or stenosis was observed in any group. TCR shrinkage was observed in all xeno-TCRs and allo-nvTCRs at 3 months. Only TCRs of allogenic groups at 9 months and allo-vTCRs at 3 months showed a ring area comparable to its size at implantation. Moreover, allogenic vital cartilage showed superior tissue integration, greater endothelialization, less inflammation and calcification. Interestingly, in this group viable cartilage cells were found up to 9 months after implantation. Allogenic viable cartilage may represent a well-suited living material for reconstructive cardiovascular procedures, and further studies are warranted to elucidate the benefits of this novel material, particularly as a structurally supportive component in growing recipients.
Analysis of the molecular state of HBV-DNA in the liver and serum of patients with chronic hepatitis or primary liver cell carcinoma and the effect of therapy with adenine arabinoside. (1984)

The pattern of replicative intermediates seen in the liver of HBe antigen and antibody positive patients was determined. During the phase of HBe antigenaemia the 3.2 Kb species of HBV-DNA (complete HBV genome) is present in the liver but not in the serum. When HBe antigen to antibody seroconversion occurs, either spontaneously or during antiviral therapy, the 3.2 Kb and lower molecular weight intermediates disappear from the liver and the 3.2 Kb band appears transiently in the serum. Integrated HBV-DNA was found in one of 15 patients during the period of HBe antigenaemia and in three of seven patients in the HBe antibody positive phase of the chronic infection before detection of primary liver cell carcinoma. Integrated sequences were found in tumour tissue of two patients with primary liver cell carcinoma who were anti-HBc positive but were absent from the tissues of two patients developing primary liver cell carcinoma at a late stage of autoimmune liver disease. These studies suggest that integration of the HBV genome occurs rarely or in only a small proportion of hepatocytes during the early (HBe antigen positive) phase of infection in Caucasians. They also show that not all primary liver cell carcinomas necessarily contain HBV-DNA.
Microwave system for breast tumor detection: experimental concept evaluation (2003)

A microwave system for breast cancer detection has been modeled numerically (see Fear, E.C. and Stuchly, M.A., IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol.48, p.1854-63, 2000). This system is based on the principle of confocal microwave imaging (CMI). In our system, a woman lies in the prone position with the breasts immersed in a liquid (low loss, dielectric constant similar to that of breast tissue). One or more antennas are mechanically scanned around the breast, forming a synthetic array. A short pulse containing a broad range of frequencies (5 GHz or more) is transmitted from each antenna position and the same antenna receives a scattered pulse. Numerical simulations of the system performance show that tumors of the order of 3 mm diameter can be detected and located. In the simulations, a contrast of about 5 in dielectric constant and 10 in loss factor is used for the normal and malignant breast tissues. In order to verify our cylindrical CMI system experimentally, a test system has been designed to image analogous contrasts in the dielectric constant of representative materials. Results of the experiment and associated signal processing are presented.
Prothrombin Antigen Evaluation by Means of Laser Nephelometry in Health and Diseas (1982)

Prothrombin antigen concentration was evaluated by means of laser nephelometry in 10 patients on coumarin therapy, in 17 patients with cirrhosis of the liver, and in four patients with congenital hypo- or dysprothrombinemias. The average values obtained were 46.4, 37.7, and 35.6%, respectively, for anticoagulated, cirrhotic, and congenitally abnormal patients. These values correlated well with those obtained by means of electroimmunoassay (Laurell) and immunodiffusion (Mancini) methods. Similarly, satisfactory results were obtained in eight normal subjects. Multiple evaluations at different incubation times, also allowed the authors to construct kinetic curves of the interaction between antigen and antibody. However, an abnormal kinetic curve was demonstrated only for coumarin-treated patients.
Synthese und Umsetzungen von 2,6‐Bis(tert‐butyldimethylsilyloxy)‐3,4‐dihydropyridin, einem neuen, reaktiven Heterodien (1987)

2,6‐Bis( tert ‐butyldimethylsilyloxy)‐3,4‐dihydropyridine ( 2 ) is synthesized by double silylation of glutarimide ( 1 ). Diels‐Alder reactions of 2 with various dienophiles lead to the adducts 3a – c, 5 , and 7 . By hydrolysis of these compounds the new heterocycles 4a – c, 6 , and 8 are obtained.
运用CAD／CAM提高生产效率：IPAD探讨 (1989)

国家科学基金会生产效率研究中心的最新研究成果表明,CAD/CAM是自电问世以来最能大大提高生产效率的开发成果。虽然目前的统计资料中披露的的国民生产总值为零增长,甚至为负增长,但CAD/CAM却预示着是一种具有创造力的技术。这种技术不但能提高生产力,而且能在“第三次工业革命”中扮演一个重要角色。CAD/CAM可简扼地定义为一种运用计算机把产品的技术要求转换成最终的物质产品的工具。它在设计,分析,详细设计,文件编制,N/C编程,加工,制造,装配,质量控制及测试过程中都起着关键的作用。要优化这一技术,就要用计算机来统一管理全公司范围内的工程信息。这有助于优化工程工作环境,确定并开发所需要的CAD/CAM技术。本文详述了NASA与工业界联合开发的工程项目——宇航运载器设计集成程序(IPAD),即运用CAD/CAM技术来大大提高宇航运载器的生产效率。
Formation of cement mortar with incineration municipal solid waste bottom ash (2017)

Product of incineration municipal solid waste bottom ash was substitute to Portland cement in construction industry. This study investigated the changes of bottom ash in Portland cement by chemical and mineralogical testing. Various substitution of bottom ash (10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%) to Portland cement was investigated. The main purpose was to clarify the mechanisms behind the formation of the cement mortar with bottom ash particles. The result indicated that the chemical and mineralogical of the cement mortar incorporating bottom ash was not significantly changed with the substitution of 10-40% bottom ash. However, the use of bottom ash minimizes the main composition of cement mortar. Overall, it was found that there is significant potential to increase the utilization of bottom ash.
Platinum gettering in silicon by silicon phosphide precipitates (1996)

The gettering efficiency process in platinum doped fast rectifiers was studied by transmission electron microscopy. We have observed orthorhombic PtSi-(monocrystalline) precipitates in n+ gettering region with the following epitaxial relationship: (011)PtSi//{110}Si with [010]PtSi//〈112〉Si. This precipitation can be related to the presence of orthorhombic SiP particles induced by highly phosphorus doping, without any dislocations around them.
Efficiency enhancement in small molecule bulk heterojunction organic solar cells via additive (2010)

Improved performance of small molecule bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells based on 4,7-bis(2-triphenylamino-3-dodecyl-thiophene-5-yl)-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (TTBTT)/PC71BM (1:3, w/w) blend has been obtained by using 1,8-octanedithiol (ODT) as a processing additive. Based on the analysis of absorption spectrum, charge transport, and film morphology, the 30% enhancement in power conversion efficiency (PCE) via 1% ODT addition is attributed to aggregated domain formation, enhanced absorption, improved hole mobility, and more balanced charge transport. Finally, a PCE as high as 2.86% was achieved, which is among the top reported for solution-processed small molecule BHJ organic solar cells.
Cancer risk in primary biliary cirrhosis: a study in northern England (1999)

There was some evidence of a small increase in overall cancer incidence and mortality in PBC patients. With the exception of liver cancer, it is unlikely that there is a high excess incidence for PBC patients from any cancer at a particular site, and specifically breast cancer.
DEVELOPMENT OF SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS AFTER CHEMOTHERAPY AND RADIOTHERAPY FOR MALIGNANT THYMOMA (1995)

Autoimmune conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are sometimes associated with thymoma. Recently we drew attention to the development of SLE some months or even years following surgical thymectomy or thymomectomy. We now describe the first patient who developed SLE after chemotherapy and radiotherapy alone for malignant thymoma. A 38-yr-old female presented with an anterior mediastinal mass, which was found to be a malignant thymoma. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy were performed with complete resolution of the tumour. She remained stable for 4 yr, but then developed polyarthritis, lymphopenia, high titre anti-dsDNA antibody and antinuclear antibody. The diagnosis of SLE was established 44 months after malignant thymoma was treated. We believe that cases as this highlight the relationship between the thymus and the development of SLE.
The Prevalence and Pathogenicity of Propionibacterium acnes Keratitis (2008)

This study provides evidence that P. acnes is a frequent cause of bacterial keratitis and may cause significant morbidity.
Electro-Enzymatic Glucose Sensor Using Hybrid Polymer Fabrication Process (2007)

In this article, we present an electro-enzymatic glucose sensor fabricated using a novel self-aligned and hybrid polymer fabrication process. The self-aligned fabrication process was carried out using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as a process substrate material, SU-8 (a negative, epoxy based photoresist) as a sensor substrate material and gold as an electrode material. The electro-enzymatic glucose sensor was assembled from microfabricated components using a self-registration step. The sensor substrate is optically transparent and flexible. Utilizing the process, a wide range of bio-sensors for different constituents (e.g. lactate, pO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> etc.) can be fabricated. The glucose sensor was successfully fabricated using our new multilayer SU-8 process on PDMS substrate. The sensor thickness was measured between 117.15 μm and 140.15 μm. The current response of the multi-layer electroenzymatic sensor using different glucose concentrations is also measured. Besides, the current response for long term stability is also presented.
Towards a distributed platform for resource-constrained devices (2003)

Many visions of the future predict a world with pervasive computing, where computing services and resources permeate the environment. In these visions, people will want to execute a service on any available device without worrying about whether the service has been tailored for the device. We believe that it will be difficult to create services that can execute well on the wide variety of devices that are being developed because of problems with diversity and resource constraints. We believe that these problems can be greatly reduced by using an ad-hoc distributed platform to transparently off-load portions of a service from a resource-constrained device to a nearby server. We implemented a preliminary prototype and emulator to study this approach. Our experiments show the beneficial use of nearby resources to relieve both memory and processing constraints, when it is appropriate to do so. We believe that this approach will reduce the burden on developers by masking more device details.
Exploring Three-dimensional Visualization for Intrusion Detection (2006)

Intrusion detection systems have been popular tools in the battle against adversaries who, for whatever reason, desire to break into networks, compromise hosts, and steal valuable information. One problem with current implementations, however, is the sheer number of alerts they can generate, many of which tend to be false alarms. This drawback makes effective use of such systems a challenging task. In this paper we explore three-dimensional approaches to visualizing network intrusion detection system alerts and aggregated network statistics in order to provide the system administrator with a better picture of the events occurring on his or her network. While some research has been done using two-dimensional concepts, 3D approaches have not received much attention with regard to detecting network intrusions. Evaluation of our visualizations using the 1999 DARPA intrusion detection evaluation data set demonstrates the potential benefit of utilizing the third dimension. We show how a number of attack types in the data set generate visual evidence of abnormal activity that a security administrator might use as motivation for further investigation.
Endoscope-tip interferometer for ultrahigh resolution frequency domain optical coherence tomography in mouse colon (2006)

Frequency domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT) allows interferometer topologies with simplified system construction and handling. Problems of dispersion and polarization matching between the sample and reference arms, as well as beamsplitter spectral non-uniformity, are mitigated when the interferometer is wholly contained in the endoscope tip. A common path set-up, using a reference reflection originating from the inside surface of the glass envelope at the distal end of the endoscope, and an alternative approach with more efficient collection of the reference light using a novel beamsplitter design have been developed. High speed (20,000 A-lines/s) ultrahigh axial resolution (2.4 mum) tomograms of mouse colon have been acquired using a 2 mm outer diameter endoscope in vivo. The FD-OCT system uses a compact mode-locked Ti:Al(2)O(3) laser emitting a broad spectrum (160 nm full-width-half-maximum) centered at 800 nm in combination with a CCD based, spectrally sensitive detector.
Completion of a truncated attenuation image from the attenuated PET emission data (2010)

Positron emission tomographs (PET) are currently almost exclusively designed as hybrid systems. The current standard is the PET/CT combination, while prototype PET/MRI systems are being studied by several research groups. One problem in these systems is that the transaxial field of view of the second system is smaller than that of the PET camera. The problem is limited for PET/CT, it is more pronounced in PET/MRI. Because this second system provides the image for attenuation correction, the smaller field of view causes truncation of the attenuation map. In this paper, we propose a maximum-a-posteriori algorithm for estimating the missing part of the attenuation map from the PET emission data.
Predictive RD optimized motion estimation for very low bit-rate video coding (1997)

Predictive rate-distortion (RD) optimized motion estimation techniques are studied and developed for very low bit-rate video coding. Four types of predictors are studied: mean, weighted mean, median, and statistical mean. The weighted mean is obtained using conventional linear prediction techniques. The statistical mean is obtained using a finite-state machine modeling method based on dynamic vector quantization. By employing prediction, the motion vector search can then be constrained to a small area. The effective search area is reduced further by varying its size based on the local statistics of the motion field, through using a Lagrangian as the search matching measure and imposing probabilistic models during the search process. The proposed motion estimation techniques are analyzed within a simple DCT-based video coding framework, where an RD criterion is used for alternating among three coding modes for each 8/spl times/8 block: motion only, motion-compensated prediction and DCT, and intra-DCT. Experimental results indicate that our techniques yield very good computation-performance tradeoffs. When such techniques are applied to an RD optimized H.263 framework at very low bit rates, the resulting H.263 compliant video coder is shown to outperform the H.263 TMN5 coder in terms of compression performance and computations simultaneously.
Temperature and Strain Rate Effects on Zr-1%Nb Alloy Deformation (2005)

A series of investigations has been performed to determine the maximum plasticity of Zr1%Nb alloy material. Also, the deformation limits for Zr1%Nb alloy material were determined. Tests in tension and compression were performed. During these tests the basic value of resistance to deformation and plasticity of the Zr-1%Nb alloy was determined under the temperature and strain rate conditions typical of hot deformation processing. The best temperature range is identified for the hot deformation processing of the Zr-1%Nb alloy. Also, a mathematical model is identified for the maximum plasticity as a function of the deformation conditions. That dependence has been used for the development of the high tech processes for zirconium product manufacturing for nuclear application.
A new paradigm for clinical biomarker discovery and screening with Mass Spectrometry through biomedical image analysis principles (2014)

Biomarker discovery in amenably sampled body fluids has the potential to empower clinical screening programs for the early detection of disease. Liquid Chromatography interfaced to Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) has emerged as a central technique for sensitive and automated analysis of proteins and metabolites from these clinical samples. However, the potential of LC-MS as a precise and reliable platform for discovery and screening is dependent on robust, sensitive and specific signal extraction and interpretation. The output of LC-MS is formed as a set of quantifiable images containing thousands of biochemical signals regulated in disease and treatment. We propose to tackle this problem for the first time with a biomedical image analysis paradigm. A novel workflow of image reconstruction, groupwise image registration and Bayesian functional mixed-effects modeling is presented. Poisson counting noise and lognormal biological variation are modeled in the raw image domain, resulting in markedly improved detection limit for differential analysis. <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup>
Effect of asymptomatic recurrence detection after nephroureterectomy on prognosis in patients with upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma. (2016)

364 Background: It is unknown whether routine follow up with body computed tomography (CT) to detect asymptomatic visceral recurrence after nephroureterectomy improves patient survival. We accessed the impact of follow up with body CT on patient survival after nephroureterectomy. Methods: A total 212 nephroureterectomy for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma were performed at our hospital between Feb 1995 and Oct 2015. All patients had regular follow up with chest x-ray, urine cytology and cystoscopy every 3 to 6 months, blood biochemical test, and CT of the chest and abdomen every 6 to 12 months. Additional examinations were required for symptomatic recurrence. We investigated the first site and date of tumor recurrence. Overall survival in patients with recurrence stratified by the mode of diagnosis (asymptomatic vs. symptomatic) was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier methods and compared with the log rank test. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to evaluate the impact of the mode of diagnosing recurrence on survival. Results: A total 43 patients (20%) experienced recurrence after surgery, of whom 31 (72%) were asymptomatic and 12 (28%) were symptomatic. The most common symptoms at recurrence were pain in 7, hematuria in 2 , appetite loss in 1 , edema in 1 , palpable mass in 1, general malaise in 1 patients. Overall survival was not significantly different between in patients with asymptomatic vs. symptomatic recurrence; however, survival after tumor recurrence were better in patients with asymptomatic recurrence (P = 0.033). Moreover, multivariate analysis showed symptomatic recurrence was selected as a risk factor for overall survival after recurrence. Conclusions: Routine oncological follow up after nephroureterectomy for early detection of asymptomatic visceral recurrence was associated with patient survival. Further study is necessary to establish the optimal follow up regimen balancing the benefit of asymptomatic detection with the increased cost of routine surveillance.
The “Type 2” Cytokine, Interlukin-33, Generates Potent CD4 + ST2 + Tbet + Th1 Responses Independently of IL-12 under Lymphopenic Conditions (2017)

Introduction: The stromal-derived cytokine interleukin (IL)-33 is described as a promoter of CD4+ T helper type 2 (Th2) and regulatory T cells (Treg) responses. Yet, recipient conditioning before allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT) releases IL-33 to promote type 1 alloimmunity and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Conditioning causes lymphopenia and releases self and bacteria materials that promote myeloid cell secretion of IL-12, a type 1 immune response driver. IL-12 drives T cell expression of Tbet, which induces the IL-33 receptor, ST2, on T cells. While it is known that IL-33-mediated GVHD immunopathology involves direct stimulation of donor T cells, −the precise mechanisms mediating IL-33 support of GVHD are unclear. Herein we tested the hypothesis that neutralizing IL-12 post alloHCT would block IL-33-support of CD4+ T helper type 1 (Th1) response and limit GVHD by favoring Th2 or Treg responses. Methods: B6 Rag2−/−γc−/− mice were used to test the impact of IL-33 on CD4+ T cells in lymphopenic condition. These mice were infused with 5x104 CD90.1+CD4+ST2+Treg and 4.5x105 CD90.2+CD4+Foxp3−CD44loST2lo T cells and recieved PBS or IL-33 on day (d)1-8. Splenocytes were assessed by flow cytometry on d9. To establish the role of IL-12 in IL-33-mediated GVHD responses, irradiated BALB/c recipients were given 1x107 B6 alloHCT with 2x106 B6 T cells. Some cohorts also received IL-12p40 neutralizing Ab or control Ab alone, or with IL-33 (d3-7). Survival was determined. Splenocytes from additional mice were assessed at d7. Results: Therapeutic doses of anti-IL-12p40 did not rescue mice from IL-33-mediated acceleration of GVHD (Fig. 1A). Post-alloHCT, IL-33 worked with IL-12 to expand ST2+Tbet+ Th1 cells (Fig. 1B). Surprisingly, only neutralization of IL-12, but not delivery of IL-33, increased Gata-3+ Th2 cells (Fig. 1C) or Treg. During lymphopenia, proliferating Foxp3−CD4+ T cells display ST2 and IL-33 favored the expansion of these non-Treg cells over ST2+ Treg (Fig 2).FigureConclusion: We provide insights into how IL-33 contributes to GVHD. Specifically, donor CD4+ T cells transferred into the lymphopenic environments rapidly upregulate ST2 and are expanded by IL-33. Our data also suggest that after alloHCT, IL-33 does not provide faciliate ST2+ Treg- or ST2+Gata-3+ Th2 expansion, but works with IL-12 to supports a ST2+Tbet+ Th1 responses. This work was supported by funding from the NIH (R21AI12198: HRT).Figure