gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wave shape of 30- and 60-phase rectifier groups (1940)

AS pointed out in a number of recent papers, <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1,2</sup> a mercury-arc rectifier draws a distorted current from the a-c supply system, even though power to the system is supplied by a sine-wave source. The harmonics in the current wave react on the supply system to cause distortion in the voltage wave, the degree of distortion being a function of the rating of the rectifier, the number of phases in which power is supplied to the anodes, the impedance at harmonic frequencies of the supply system, and the rectifier load. It is well known that, in theory at least, reductions in the wave-shape distortion may be effected by increasing the number of rectifier phases and thus reducing the number of harmonic components present in the supply-circuit current. <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1,2</sup> Up to 1937, however, because of practical difficulties, largely in the design of the complex transformer arrangement required, no attempts were made to produce rectifiers commercially having more than 12 phases.
The Subcellular Localization of Syntaxin 17 Varies Among Different Cell Types and Is Altered in Some Malignant Cells (2005)

Syntaxin 17 (STX17) is a divergent member of the syntaxin family of proteins first discovered by Scheller and colleagues in a yeast two-hybrid screen designed to identify novel mammalian SNAREs (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor-attachment protein receptors). We recently independently identified STX17 as a novel Ras-interacting protein, but immunohistochemical studies suggested that STX17 is localized to the nucleus in normal pancreatic ductal epithelial, acinar, and islet cells in contrast to previous reports of cytoplasmic localization, albeit in other cell types. Therefore, we have conducted a more thorough survey of various human and mouse tissues to better establish the expression pattern of STX17 in different tissues and cell types. Although RT-PCR experiments demonstrate ubiquitous expression of STX17, closer examination by immunohistochemistry reveal that STX17 expression is limited to certain cell types. Furthermore, in contrast to the cytoplasmic localization previously reported in a limited number of cell types, we find that in many other cell types, syntaxin 17 can be found in the nucleus. Finally, we demonstrate that in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines, STX17 localization is altered relative to normal hepatocytes, although the localization of STX17 differs even between these established human cancer cell lines and fresh human hepatocellular carcinoma cells, emphasizing the caution that must be exercised in drawing conclusions from data gathered in cell lines. The sequence divergence of STX17, the unexpected nuclear localization of STX17 in many cell types, and the altered localization of STX17 in malignant cells argue for a novel function of syntaxin 17 distinct from its hypothesized role in mediating membrane fusion events.
Healthcare Worker Compliance With Nosocomial Tuberculosis Control Policies (1999)

To determine compliance with nosocomial tuberculosis control measures, 541 healthcare worker observations were made for 52 patients placed in respiratory isolation. Sixty-four total violations were noted, of which 45% occurred in physicians in training. Overall compliance with tuberculosis control measures appeared to be good, but additional educational efforts are warranted.
On the Complexity and Approximation of λ ∞ Spread Constant and Maximum Variance Embedding. (2020)

Bobkov, Houdre, and the last author introduced a Poincare-type functional parameter, $\lambda_\infty$, of a graph $G$. They related $\lambda_\infty$ to the {\em vertex expansion} of the graph via a Cheeger-type inequality, analogous to the inequality relating the spectral gap of the graph, $\lambda_2$, to its {\em edge expansion}. While $\lambda_2$ can be computed efficiently, the computational complexity of $\lambda_\infty$ has remained an open question. Following the work of the second author with Raghavendra and Vempala, wherein the complexity of $\lambda_\infty$ was related to the so-called small-set expansion (SSE) problem, it has been believed that computing $\lambda_\infty$ is a hard problem. We confirm this conjecture by proving that computing $\lambda_\infty$ is indeed NP-hard, even for weighted trees. Our gadget further proves NP-hardness of computing \emph{spread constant} of a weighted tree; i.e., a geometric measure of the graph, introduced by Alon, Boppana, and Spencer, in the context of deriving an asymptotic isoperimetric inequality of Cartesian products of graphs. We conclude this case by providing a fully polynomial time approximation scheme. We further study a generalization of spread constant in machine learning literature, namely the {\em maximum variance embedding} problem. For trees, we provide fast combinatorial algorithms that avoid solving a semidefinite relaxation of the problem. On the other hand, for general graphs, we propose a randomized projection method that can outperform the optimal orthogonal projection, i.e., PCA, classically used for rounding of the optimum lifted solution (to SDP relaxation) of the problem.
Macrocycles as a Tool: A Facile and One‐Pot Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Cucurbituril Designed for Cancer Therapeutics (2010)

Silver nanoparticles made easy: A simple, effective, and one-pot method toward the synthesis of a defined macrocycle-silver nanoparticle system in water has been described (see figure). Interestingly, cucurbituril (CB)[7]-protected AgNPs showed significantly increased cytotoxicity against MCF-7 and NCI-H358 cancer cells, as demonstrated by models in vitro.
Task concurrency management methodology to schedule the MPEG4 IM1 player on a highly parallel processor platform (2001)

This paper addresses the concurrent task management of complex multi-media systems, like the MPEG4 IM1 player, with emphasis on how to derive energy-cost vs time-budget curves through task scheduling on a multi-processor platform. Starting from the original “standard” specification, we extract the concurrency originally hidden by implementation decisions in a “grey-box” model. Then we have applied two high-level transformations on this model to improve the task-level concurrency. Finally, by scheduling the transformed task-graph, we have derived energy-cost vs time-budget curves. These curves will be used to get globally optimized design decisions when combining subsystems into one complete system or to be used by a dynamic scheduler. The results on the MPEG4 IM1 player confirm the validity of our assumptions and the usefulness of our approach.
Cooperative diversity over log-normal fading channels: performance analysis and optimization (2008)

Although there has been a growing interest on cooperative diversity, the current literature is mainly limited to the results obtained for Rayleigh, Rician, or Nakagami fading channels. In this paper, we investigate the performance of cooperative diversity schemes over log-normal fading channels which provide an accurate channel model for indoor wireless environments. We focus on single-relay cooperative networks with amplify-and-forward relaying and consider three TDMA-based cooperation protocols: which correspond to distributed implementations of MIMO (multi-input multi-output), SIMO (single-input multi-output), and MISO (multi-input single-output) schemes. For each protocol under consideration, we derive upper bounds on pairwise error probability over log-normal channels and quantify the diversify advantages. Based on the minimization of a union bound on the bit error rate performance, we further formulate optimal power allocation schemes which demonstrate significant performance gains over their counterparts with equal power allocation.
New flow cytometric procedure for the analysis of drug effects on topoisomerase II-DNA binding (2005)

3968 Topoisomerase II (Topo II) is the target of many clinically important antitumor drugs. The best-known drugs of this class are known as Topo II poisons, which stabilize cleavable complexes of Topo II covalently linked to DNA. Other Topo II inhibitors, usually categorized as catalytic inhibitors, affect other steps in Topo II-catalyzed DNA decatenation. Topo II poisons are generally identified through biochemical assays, by their ability to increase Topo II cleavable complex formation. These cell-free assays are laborious, require a large amount of material, and do not identify other types of Topo II inhibitors. We have developed a new rapid assay for agents that increase Topo II-DNA association in situ, based on flow cytometric analysis of the retention of a Topo II-GFP fusion protein in the nuclei of permeabilized cells. GFP fusions of the wild-type Topo IIα and its non-functional mutant (gifts of Dr. W.T. Beck) were stably transfected into a derivative of 293 cells, a transformed human embryonic kidney cell line. Cells were treated with 0.05% Triton X-100 and GFP fluorescence of permeabilized nuclei was analyzed by FACS. Wild type Topo II-GFP was retained much more efficiently than the mutant Topo II-GFP, indicating that Topo II-GFP retention reflected functional Topo II-DNA interactions. We have used this assay to analyze the effects of 20-minute exposure to different types of Topo II inhibitors and topoisomerase I inhibitor camptothecin. Topo II-GFP retention was unaffected by camptothecin but increased by most of the tested Topo II inhibitors. In contrast, Topo II inhibitors had no effect on the retention of the Topo II mutant. The strongest increase in Topo II-GFP retention was observed with classical Topo II poisons, teniposide and etoposide, as well as with bisdioxopiperazine derivatives (ICRF-193 and MST-16), recently shown to constitute a different class of Topo II poisons. One of the tested catalytic inhibitors, merbarone, also increased Topo II-GFP retention, albeit to a lesser degree than the Topo II poisons, whereas another catalytic inhibitor (novobiocin) had no effect. These results confirm Topo II-DNA complex stabilization by bisdioxopiperazines and reveal important differences in the effects of catalytic inhibitors on Topo II-DNA interaction. In contrast to the biochemical assays for Topo II-DNA binding, our method rapidly measures such interactions in situ, requires a small amount of material, does not use radioactive materials, and can detect both covalent and non-covalent Topo II-DNA interactions. This method should be useful both for mechanistic analysis and for de novo identification of Topo II-targeting compounds. This study is supported by NIH Grants RO1 CA95727 (I.B.R.) and RO1 CA97107 (R.M.S.).
Electrically Evoked Compound Action Potential Measures for Virtual Channels Versus Physical Electrodes (2010)

Results from this study suggest that virtual channels produce neural recruitment patterns with properties similar to those elicited by the adjacent physical electrodes.
[Amelioration of perioperative somatosensory evoked potentials in the surgery of injuries of the spine]. (1998)

Somatosensory evoked potentials were performed in 38 patients with traumatic spine pre, per and postoperatively. In 3 cases, the S.E.Ps altered before surgery, were improved after decompression and reduction. This S.E.Ps improvement was associated to clinical improvement. Even though this study was carried out on few cases, it shows prognosis and diagnosis value of intraoperative S.E.Ps in traumatic spine surgery.
Milk Fatty Acid Profiles in Different Animal Species: Focus on the Potential Effect of Selected PUFAs on Metabolism and Brain Functions (2021)

Milk contains several important nutrients that are beneficial for human health. This review considers the nutritional qualities of essential fatty acids (FAs), especially omega-3 (ω-3) and omega-6 (ω-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) present in milk from ruminant and non-ruminant species. In particular, the impact of milk fatty acids on metabolism is discussed, including its effects on the central nervous system. In addition, we presented data indicating how animal feeding-the main way to modify milk fat composition-may have a potential impact on human health, and how rearing and feeding systems strongly affect milk quality within the same animal species. Finally, we have presented the results of in vivo studies aimed at supporting the beneficial effects of milk FA intake in animal models, and the factors limiting their transferability to humans were discussed.
CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated targeting of the Rosa26 locus produces Cre reporter rat strains for monitoring Cre–loxP‐mediated lineage tracing (2017)

The rat is an important laboratory animal for physiological, toxicological and pharmacological studies. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated 9 (Cas9) is a simple and efficient tool to generate precise genetic modifications in rats, which will promote the accumulation of genetic resources and enable more precise studies of gene function. To monitor Cre-loxP-mediated excision in vivo, we generated a Cre reporter rat strain (Rosa26-imCherry) by knockin of a Cre reporter cassette at the Rosa26 locus using CRISPR/Cas9. Rosa26-imCherry rats exhibited inducible expression of the mCherry cassette (imCherry) using the Cre-loxP system, whereas normal rats exhibited ubiquitous expression of eGFP but not mCherry in the whole body. Injection of adeno-associated virus serotype 9-Cre into the hippocampus and skeletal muscle resulted in mCherry expression in virus-infected cells. Cre-loxP-mediated mCherry expression was then evaluated by crossing Rosa26-imCherry rats with transgenic rats ubiquitously expressing CAG-Cre, heart-specific α-MHC-Cre transgenic rats and liver-specific Alb-Cre knockin rats. Finally, using the established system the expression pattern of Cre driven by two endogenous gene promoters (Wfs1-Cre knockin rat, FabP2-Cre knockin rat) was traced. In summary, we demonstrated excision of the loxP-flanked allele in Rosa26-imCherry rats via activation of mCherry expression in the presence of Cre recombinase. This newly established Rosa26-imCherry rat strain represents a useful tool to facilitate Cre-expression pattern determination and tracing experiments.
Quantitative Assessment of Coumarin-Containing Polymer Film's Capability for Photoalignment of Liquid Crystals (2007)

The photoalignment of a nematic fluid, E-7, and a glassy-nematic oligofluorene, F(MB)5, was investigated on films of Polymers 1 and 2 in the parallel regime. Polarized absorption spectroscopy and computational chemistry were employed to characterize coumarin monomer's and dimer's molar extinction coefficients and to locate absorption dipoles as parallel to their long molecular axes. Moreover, their orientational order parameters, Sm and Sd, were experimentally determined as functions of the extent of dimerization. Higher Sd and Yd, coumarin dimer's mole fraction, were achieved in films of Polymer 1 than in Polymer 2 because of the greater coumarin mobility of the former. The ability of a coumarin-containing photoalignment film to orient a spin-cast F(MB)5 film was found to improve with increasing YdSd to an extent comparable to that of a rubbed polyimide film. Because of the relatively short lengths of its constituent molecules, E-7 was oriented equally well on both polymer films regardless of the YdSd values.
Preparation of deuterium labelled α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methylisoxazole‐4‐propionic acid (AMPA) (1981)

Abstract The preparation of α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methylisoxazole‐4‐propionic acid (AMPA) with deuterium α to the carboxylic acid group (2) and in the exocyclic methyl group (5), respectively, are described. The deuterium labelled AMPA (2) was synthesized by hydrolysis and decarboxylation of the corresponding di‐ester (1), whereas the deuterium labelled AMPA (5) was prepared via a catalytic deuteration of the bromoderivative (3).
A MAGE‐3 peptide recognized on HLA‐B35 and HLA‐A1 by cytolytic T lymphocytes (2001)

Antigens encoded by MAGE genes are of particular interest for cancer immunotherapy because of their strict tumoral specificity and because they are shared by many tumors. Antigenic peptide EVDPIGHLY encoded by MAGE-3 and known to be presented by HLA-A*0101 is currently being used in therapeutic vaccination trials. We report here that a cytolytic T-lymphocyte (CTL) clone, which is restricted by HLA-B*3501, recognizes the same peptide and, importantly, lyses HLA-B*3501 tumor cells expressing MAGE-3. These results infer that the current clinical use of peptide EVDPIGHLY can now be extended to HLA-B*3501 patients.
ATOMIC: Adaptive Transmission Power and Message Interval Control for C-V2X Mode 4 (2021)

To support the emerging vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication for autonomous vehicles and smart transportation services, 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has recently introduced cellular V2X (C-V2X) standards. In C-V2X, radio resources can be managed not only centrally by the cellular network base station, but also in a completely distributed manner ( <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Mode 4</i> ) without any cellular support. However, <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Mode 4</i> may suffer significant collisions and interference in a dense environment since each vehicle selects its own resources to transmit V2X messages autonomously without adapting appropriately to vehicle density. To address this challenge, we propose <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ATOMIC</i> , an <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Adaptive Transmission pOwer and Message Interval Control scheme for C-V2X Mode 4</i> , in which each vehicle utilizes real-time channel sensing and neighbor information to reduce channel contention for improved reliability and latency. Through analysis and extensive simulations, we show that <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ATOMIC</i> outperforms the standard <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Mode 4</i> in both urban and highway scenarios especially in highly dense environments.
Interference Analysis of Co-Sited DTV and NTSC Translators (2005)

Digital Television (DTV) service has begun in all the major urban areas within the United States but has yet to significantly reach the rural areas. Often, translators are the only means of providing free, over-the-air television service to people living in these areas. One challenge is that while specific rules for operation and spectrum allocation have existed for quite some time for full-service stations in urban areas, rules for DTV translator stations in rural areas have just been created (September 2004). Another challenge is overcoming the scarcity of spectrum that exists under the old analog taboo interference rules. A key component in overcoming these challenges is to determine interference parameters in the form of desired-to-undesired (D/U) field strength ratios that will allow as many DTV and NTSC signals to co-exist as possible. Also, co-sited analog and digital translator sites utilizing low radiated power can be used for adjacent/taboo channel operation (NTSC next to DTV or DTV next to DTV) if careful engineering and planning are employed. Even first adjacent channel operation can be accomplished if proper effective radiated power (ERP) ratios are selected. This paper shows that a relative 10-dB NTSC-to-DTV power ratio and a relative 0-dB DTV-to-DTV power ratio is acceptable at a co-sited repeater site in order to avoid receiver interference among the co-sited signals. The choice of absolute radiated power levels depends on the desired coverage area, the surrounding terrain, and the required interference avoidance of potential weak signals from distant stations (if present). Co-siting repeaters and sharing as many of the common transmission elements as possible such as combiners, feedlines, broadband antennas, test equipment, etc. allow many low-power DTV and NTSC signals to be transmitted together under well-controlled conditions, thereby providing the most efficient use of scarce spectrum. Further independent laboratory testing with current consumer DTV receivers is also vital for improved channel allocation planning.
Fivefold symmetry as an inhibitor to hard-sphere crystallization (2011)

Through molecular simulations we investigate the dynamics of crystallization of hard spheres of uniform size from dense amorphous states and the role that hidden structures in an otherwise disordered medium might have on it. It is shown that short-range order in the form of sites with fivefold symmetry acts as a powerful inhibitor to crystal growth. Fivefold sites not only retard crystallization, but can self-assemble into organized structures that arrest crystallization at high densities or lead to the formation of defects in a crystal. The latter effect can be understood in terms of a random polyhedral model.
Biochemistry, Apolipoprotein B (2019)

Lipids such as cholesterol are insoluble in plasma and for delivery to tissues such as the adrenal gland, gonads etc, they have to be packaged into lipoproteins with cholesterol esters and triglycerides in the core and phospholipids, free cholesterol and apolipoproteins on the surface. Such is the composition of the lipoproteins. Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) is the primary apolipoprotein and is the carrier for the following lipids: chylomicrons, low-density lipoprotein ( LDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL), and lipoprotein (a). ApoB is not found in high-density lipoproteins (HDL), the latter are reconstituted into lipoproteins with Apo A. Hepatic ApoB has a molecular mass of 540000 Da. There are two circulating forms of Apo B, Apo B48 (from the small intestine) and Apo B100 (from the liver). Intestinal ApoB which is present in chylomicrons has a molecular mass 48% of that of hepatic ApoB. Hence, hepatic ApoB is termed ApoB100 and intestinal Apo B as apoB 48. The same gene codes for both ApoB48 an ApoB 100. Apo B-100 contains 4536 amino acids and is necessary for assembly of VLDL in the liver an also serves as the primary ligand for LDL receptor medicated clearance of LDL particles from the blood. Apo B-48 has 2512 amino acids and is essential for the formation of chylomicrons and serves in the absorption of dietary fats from the intestine.
Augmentation du pouvoir glaçogène de l'air et diminution des dégâts occasionnés par la grêle (1963)

International audience
Machine learning for inverse lithography: using stochastic gradient descent for robust photomask synthesis (2010)

Inverse lithography technology (ILT) synthesizes photomasks by solving an inverse imaging problem through optimization of an appropriate functional. Much effort on ILT is dedicated to deriving superior masks at a nominal process condition. However, the lower k1 factor causes the mask to be more sensitive to process variations. Robustness to major process variations, such as focus and dose variations, is desired. In this paper, we consider the focus variation as a stochastic variable, and treat the mask design as a machine learning problem. The stochastic gradient descent approach, which is a useful tool in machine learning, is adopted to train the mask design. Compared with previous work, simulation shows that the proposed algorithm is effective in producing robust masks. © 2010 IOP Publishing Ltd.