gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wide Residual Networks for Semantic Segmentation (2018)

In the task of object recognition, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have achieved high performance. In addition, these CNNs are also applied to the field of semantic image segmentation. However, applying the classification models to semantic segmentation tasks has a problem, lack of global context and reduction in resolution. In this work, we propose global context module and high resolution path in order to solve above problems. By simply combining them with an existing classification model (wide residual networks), our methods yield high-accuracy segmentation models. Our proposed approaches produce competitive results, the mean intersection over union (IoU) 67.6% and global accuracy 91.1%, on CamVid test set.
Aerobic biodegradation of 2 fluorotelomer sulfonamide–based aqueous film–forming foam components produces perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (2017)

The biodegradation of 2 common fluorotelomer surfactants used in aqueous film forming foams (AFFFs), 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonamide alkylamine (FTAA) and 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonamide alkylbetaine (FTAB), was investigated over 109 d with aerobic wastewater-treatment plant (WWTP) sludge. Results show that biodegradation of 6:2 FTAA and 6:2 FTAB produces 6:2 fluorotelomer alcohol (FTOH), 6:2 fluorotelomer carboxylic acid (FTCA), 6:2 fluorotelomer unsaturated carboxylic acid (FTUCA), 5:3 FTCA, and short-chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs). Additional degradation products included 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonamide (FTSAm), which was a major degradation product in the presence of either active or sterilized sludge, whereas 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonate (FTSA) production was measured with sterilized sludge only. Six additional degradation products were tentatively identified by quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (qTOF-MS) and attributed to N-dealkylation and oxidation of 6:2 FTAA. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:2012-2021. © 2017 SETAC.
Percutaneous Extraction of ePTFE‐Coated ICD Leads: A Single Center Comparative Experience (2013)

Compared to noncoated leads, ePTFE-coated leads are associated with shorter extraction times and are less likely to require extraction tools for removal. The difference is likely related to the absence of fibrosis over the ePTFE-coated high-energy coils.
CD4 + T-Cell Decline after the Interruption of Antiretroviral Therapy in ACTG A5170 Is Predicted by Differential Expression of Genes in the Ras Signaling Pathway (2020)

Patterns of expressed genes examined in cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of seropositive persons electing to stop antiretroviral therapy in the AIDS Clinical Trials Group Study A5170 were scrutinized to identify markers capable of predicting the likelihood of CD4+ T-cell depletion after cessation of antiretroviral therapy (ART). A5170 was a multicenter, 96-week, prospective study of HIV-infected patients with immunological preservation on ART who elected to interrupt therapy. Study entry required that the CD4 count was greater than 350 cells/mm3 within 6 months of ART initiation. Median nadir CD4 count of enrollees was 436 cells/mm3. Two cohorts, matched for clinical characteristics, were selected from A5170. Twenty-four patients with an absolute CD4 cell decline of less that 20% at week 24 (good outcome group) and 24 with a CD4 cell decline of >20% (poor outcome group) were studied. The good outcome group had a decline in CD4+ T-cell count that was 50% less than the poor outcome group. Significance analysis of microarrays identified differential gene expression (DE) in the two groups in data obtained from Affymetrix Human FOCUS GeneChips. DE was significantly higher in the poor outcome group than in the good outcome group. Prediction analysis of microarrays (PAM-R) identified genes that classified persons as to progression with greater than 80% accuracy at therapy interruption (TI) as well as at 24 weeks after TI. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) identified a set of genes in the Ras signaling pathway, associated with the downregulation of apoptosis, as significantly upregulated in the good outcome group at cessation of ART. These observations identify specific host cell processes associated with differential outcome in this cohort after TI.
Row-column decomposition based 2D transform optimization on subword parallel processors (2006)

This paper discusses the row-column decomposition based 2D block transform implementations, in which the matrix transpose plays a crucial role. A subword parallel VLIW processor architecture supporting simultaneous data processing and matrix transpose provides the required functionality for fast and flexible transform implementations. In addition, new instructions are proposed to further speed up the transforms in the H.264/AVC. With the proposed architectural optimizations, a speed-up by 2.7 is achieved for the 2D DCT/IDCT and a speed-up by over two for the transforms in the H.264/AVC, when compared to the sequential implementations.
Cyanate ester die attach material for radiation hardened electronic packages (2002)

Until recently, the choice of die attach materials in hermetic packaging for space applications has been limited to three types: silver-glass, gold-silicon eutectic, and polyimide film or paste. The performance of each die bond material varies with die size and actual package design, and no single material has given optimum performance for every type of packaging configuration. As a result, selection of the appropriate material has become a complicated procedure where production processes must be continuously modified to meet quality, reliability and performance goals. However, the use of solvent free, polymeric materials such as cyanate ester have great potential as universal die bond adhesives for single chip modules. Details of the qualification process for use of cyanate ester die attach material within radiation hardened memory modules is presented in this paper. A package was subjected to testing as per MIL STD 883E to assess the quality of the die bond, and the effect of cyanate ester on any other subsequent process steps. Based on the results obtained, cyanate ester has become the clear choice for the die attach material for all single chip modules at LMFS. Not only did it prove to be the superior die attach material in this case, it also provided additional benefits such as significantly reduced cycle times and overall manufacturing costs.
Über 1.2.4‐Oxdiazole, I: Synthese von 1.2.4‐Oxdiazol‐carbonsäure‐(3)‐estern (1961)

Abstract 1.2.4‐Oxdiazol‐carbonsäure‐(3)‐ester sind durch Nitrosieren von Acylaminomalonsäure‐monoestern bequem darstellbar.
Alternative Method for Removing an Impacted AO Intramedullary Nail (1986)

An intramedullary femoral nail became impacted after approximately one third of it had been removed by standard AO technique in a 28-year-old man. Vise-grip pliers were used to twist the nail into a cigar-wrapper shape. While the standard nail removal should always be tried first, this method, although arduous and time-consuming, should be considered when faced with the possibility of having to split the femur or saw through the impacted nail.
Is neurally adjusted ventilatory assist feasible during anesthesia? (2014)

Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) has so far been used in minimally sedated intensive care patients. NAVA has not been applied in patients in the operation room. The effect of different sedatives/anesthetics on the electrical activity of the diaphragm (Edi) has not so far been studied. The aim of our study was to compare the effect of sevoflurane and propofol on the Edi signal and breathing pattern during sedation and anesthesia and also in combination with remifentanil.
Correlation between crystalline perfection and film purity for chemically vapor deposited diamond thin films grown on fused quartz substrates (1991)

Chemically vapor deposited (CVD) diamond films have been deposited on quartz substrates using a configuration in which the substrate is placed parallel to the direction of the gas flow in the deposition system. Spatially resolved Raman spectroscopy and optical microscopy of the resultant films revealed that (a) as the diamond component of the films increases, the defect density (as measured by the FWHM of the Raman 1332 cm−1 line) decreases, (b) there is a decrease of the quality and perfection of the CVD diamond particles as they overgrow to form a continuous film, and (c) the best quality diamond particles (FWHM) of the 1332 cm−1 line=2.7 cm−1) are produced downstream at the bottom of the plasma ball. It is suggested that the limitations on the continuous film quality appear to be governed not so much by the details of the growth chemistry, but rather by the effects of particle overgrowth.
The Distribution of Spectral Line Intensity and Continuous Spectra in the Plasma Jet along the Flame Axis (1970)

Distributions of intensities of line and continuous spectra emitted from a plasma jet flame are investi-gated along the flame axis, and the following are found.(1) The temperature dependence of the intensity of FeI 3719.9Å line is larger than that expected by assuming the local thermal equillibrium.This is because the excitation of atom does not conform to the Boltzman distribution law.(2) By comparison of the recombination coefficient between electron and argon ion with the decay rate of continuous spectra, together with the “apparent” temperature dependence of the intensity of continuous spectra, it is concluded that the electron density in the plasma jet flame is not governed by the equilibrium condition but by the recombination rate.When the spectroscopic analysis is carried out by means of photographic photometry, the ratio of the intensities between the line and continuous spectra becomes an important factor which determines the analytical sensitivity.From the study of this ratio, followings are found.(1) When a plasma is cooled, the ratio increases more than ten times in the case of atomic lines.(2) When a plasma is cooled by spouting itself into air, N2-band appears in the spectra, and as the results the value of the ratio fluctuates.It is therefore better to use a cooling device.
Characterization of MicA interactions suggests a potential novel means of gene regulation by small non-coding RNAs (2013)

MicA is a small non-coding RNA that regulates ompA mRNA translation in Escherichia coli. MicA has an inhibitory function, base pairing to the translation initiation region of target mRNAs through short sequences of complementarity, blocking their ribosome-binding sites. The MicA structure contains two stem loops, which impede its interaction with target mRNAs, and it is thought that the RNA chaperone protein Hfq, known to be involved in MicA regulation of ompA, may structurally remodel MicA to reveal the ompA-binding site for cognate pairing. To further characterize these interactions, we undertook biochemical and biophysical studies using native MicA and a 'stabilized' version, modified to mimic the conformational state of MicA where the ompA-binding site is exposed. Our data corroborate two proposed roles for Hfq: first, to bring both MicA and ompA into close proximity, and second, to restructure MicA to allow exposure of the ompA-binding site for pairing, thereby demonstrating the RNA chaperone function of Hfq. Additionally, at accumulated MicA levels, we identified a Mg(2+)-dependent self-association that occludes the ompA-recognition region. We discuss the potential contribution of an Mg(2+)-mediated conformational switch of MicA for the regulation of MicA function.
Bio-medical telemetry: Sensing and transmitting biological information from animals to man (1971)

The application of small radio transmitters for monitoring biological activity in animals and humans is discussed. The microminiaturization of the electronic transmitters makes it possible for them to be swallowed and to operate within the body with no external connections. The small size also makes it possible for the transmitters to be surgically implanted or carried externally to monitor specific bodily functions. The use of satellites to monitor the activity of birds and animals carrying small transmitters is described. Photographs of birds, fish, and reptiles which were equipped with miniature electronic monitors are provided.
Development of a special purpose spacecraft interior coating, phase 3 (1979)

A variety of intumescent coatings based on a fluorocarbon latex resin modified with either an acrylic resin or an epoxy resin were prepared. Several intumescent systems were used for these studies including some based on ammonium polyphosphate and others based on sulfanilamide. The best coatings developed had a high concentration (60-70% by wt.) of intumescent additives and had to be applied thick, approximately 100 mils, in order to have adequate intumescent/fire protection properties.
Adaptive Control for a Crane-Mounted Inverted Stewart Platform (2000)

Positioning and suspending materials over large space volumes is a fundamental process in the construction industry. Traditional equipment such as cranes cannot satisfy the accuracy requirement due to their structural limitation. Also, the large size and complexity of modern cranes require new capabilities, or intelligence, to interact with the environment automatically. Because of the unpredictable behavior of the environment on a construction site (for instance, wind), traditional control concepts and methods are insufficient. To ensure the necessary accuracy and safety of the larger and heavier construction machines, the increased use of sensors and embedded controls is unavoidable. This paper discusses the mechanics of a Crane-Mounted Inverted Stewart Platform (C-MISP) prototype as an approach to fulfill the above demands. The C-MISP is designed to have all degrees of freedom kinematically constrained by supporting cables, making it very stable during manipulation. Through integration of a spatial positioning system and various on-board sensors, the C-MISP can monitor the environmental changes as well as its own work condition in real time. Such sensing information can then be used by a control and decision making unit to decide if the C-MISP parameters should be changed in order to maintain its position and path accuracy. In addition to the structural mechanics, the initial results of a study to analyze the behavior of C-MISP under wind loads are also discussed in this paper.
Experimental demonstration of an 8-Gbit/s free-space secure optical communication link using all-optical chaos modulation (2023)

For the first time, to the best of our knowledge, we experimentally demonstrate a high-speed free-space secure optical communication system based on all-optical chaos modulation. The effect of atmospheric turbulence on optical chaos synchronization is experimentally investigated via a hot air convection atmospheric turbulence simulator. It is shown that, even under moderately strong turbulent conditions, high-quality chaos synchronization could be obtained by increasing the transmission power. Moreover, a secure encryption transmission experiment using a high bias current induced chaotic carrier for 8-Gbit/s on-off-keying data over a ∼10-m free-space optical link is successfully demonstrated, with a bit-error rate below the FEC threshold of 3.8 × 10<sup>-3</sup>. This work favorably shows the feasibility of optical chaotic encryption for the free-space optical transmission system.
Bilirubin: worked out years ago? (1979)

1. The free bilirubin theory proposes that unbound bilirubin binds to and enters cells. The theory is simple, reasonable, and attractive. 2. To date, there is no evidence to support the free bilirubin theory over other possible mechanisms. 3. The measurement of free bilirubin is now technically possible for mixtures of purified bilirubin and albumin. Measurement in serum is promising, but proven methods still elude current capabilities. 4. At present, there is no justification for the use of free bilirubin tests in the management of jaundice. This evaluation holds for related tests, regardless of aliases: reserve binding capacity, bilirubin binding capacity, albumin saturation, loosely bound bilirubin, gel bound bilirubin, and binding affinity. 5. For smaller prematures, the concentration of total bilirubin at which the risk of kernicterus exceeds the risk of treatment is unknown. There is no scientific basis to guide the clinician in deciding when to institute treatment of jaundice in these babies. 6. Hyperbilirubinemia can lead to kernicterus. Whether it causes other, milder forms of neurologic and developmental damage is unknown. At present, there is no basis for treating jaundice with the hope of preventing such damage.
Development of a Peristaltic Micropump with Lightweight Piezo-Composite Actuator Membrane Valves (2011)

A peristaltic micropump with lightweight piezo-composite actuator (LIPCA) membrane valves is presented. The micropump contained three cylinder chambers that were connected by microchannels and two active membrane valves. A circular miniature LIPCA was developed and manufactured to be used as actuating diaphragms. The LIPCA diaphragm acted as an active membrane valve that alternate between open and closed positions at the inlet and outlet in order to produce high pumping pressure. In this LIPCA, a lead zirconium titanate ceramic with a thickness of 0.1 mm was used as an active layer. The results confirmed that the actuator produced a large out-of-plane deflection. During the design process, a coupled field analysis was conducted in order to predict the actuating behavior of the LIPCA diaphragm; the behavior of the actuator was investigated from both a theoretical and experimental perspective. The active membrane valve concept was introduced as a means for increasing pumping pressure, and microelectromechanical system techniques were used to fabricate the peristaltic micropump. The pumping performance was analyzed experimentally in terms of the flow rate, pumping pressure and power consumption.
Cisapride: A Survey of the Frequency of Use and Adverse Events in Premature Newborns (1999)

Cisapride treatment of premature infants of <36 weeks' gestation and <3 months of age in NICUs appears to be widespread in the United States. Complications and adverse events were seen when cisapride was administered in excessive dosages or in combination with a drug that inhibits its metabolism and leads to increased serum concentrations. Severe toxicities such as arrhythmias were reported with a frequency of <1/11 000 NICU admissions. However, in a retrospective survey, episodes of toxicity, including mortality, attributable to cisapride may not have been recognized or reported.
Ring enlargement of diaziridinone with 2-substituted pyrrole leading to bicyclic triazine and its transformation to novel mesomeric betaine (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRing enlargement of diaziridinone with 2-substituted pyrrole leading to bicyclic triazine and its transformation to novel mesomeric betaineMitsuo Komatsu, Mitsuharu Kobayashi, Shinobu Itoh, and Yoshiki OhshiroCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 24, 6620–6624Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00076a020https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00076a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views203Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Viral Hepatitis, Type B (MS-2 Strain) (1971)

Viral hepatitis, type B (MS-2) was prevented by active and passive immunization. Active immunization was induced by inoculation of a boiled, inactivated preparation of a 1:10 dilution of MS-2 serum in distilled water; two inoculations at four-month intervals were more effective than one. However, one inoculation gave enough protection to prevent some cases and modify others.
Laser emission in highly doped Nd:YAG crystals under ^4F_5/2 and ^4F_3/2 pumping (2001)

A comparison of laser emission in highly doped (2.4- and 3.5-at. %) Nd:YAG crystals is made for conventional 808-nm pumping in F5/24 and resonant pumping at 885 nm in the band that collects the hot transitions Z2→R1 and Z3→R2 of I9/24→F3/24 absorption. A systematic improvement of the laser parameters (slope efficiency and emission threshold) in absorbed power under hot-band pumping is observed, as expected from the reduction of the pump’s quantum defect. Together with the expected reduction of heat generation, resonant hot-band pumping in concentrated components shows prospect for greatly increasing the emission capabilities of the Nd:YAG lasers.
Zebrafish MiR-430 Promotes Deadenylation and Clearance of Maternal mRNAs (2006)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) comprise 1 to 3% of all vertebrate genes, but their in vivo functions and mechanisms of action remain largely unknown. Zebrafish miR-430 is expressed at the onset of zygotic transcription and regulates morphogenesis during early development. By using a microarray approach and in vivo target validation, we find that miR-430 directly regulates several hundred target messenger RNA molecules (mRNAs). Most targets are maternally expressed mRNAs that accumulate in the absence of miR-430. We also show that miR-430 accelerates the deadenylation of target mRNAs. These results suggest that miR-430 facilitates the deadenylation and clearance of maternal mRNAs during early embryogenesis.
Hydroxyl telechelic building blocks from fatty acid methyl esters for the synthesis of poly(ester/amide urethane)s with versatile properties (2012)

A series of bio-based diols containing ester, ester–amide and amide linkages were synthesized from methyl undecenoate (derived from ricin oil) and methyl oleate (derived from sunflower oil). These polymerization grade monomers were thoroughly characterized by FTIR-ATR, NMR spectroscopy and GC. A plethora of thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs) with tuned thermo-mechanical properties were prepared by combining the various diols and the diisocyanates, IPDI and MDI. The structural and thermo-mechanical characterizations of PUs were performed by means of FTIR-ATR, SEC, DSC, TGA, DMA, WAXS and tensile-test experiments. As expected, the PUs displayed amorphous to semi-crystalline features with respect to the nature of the diols and diisocyanates. Modulated DSC revealed glass transition temperatures in the range of −27 °C to 63 °C as well as melt crystallization of metastable phases upon heating. The incorporation of amide functions into the PUs enhanced the Young's modulus from 287 MPa to 775 MPa, while the elongation at break decreased from 269% to 41%. A complex degradation behavior of these PUs was observed by TGA above 280 °C.