gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Maintaining object-oriented software (1993)

The maintenance requirements of object-oriented software, including the ability to make changes easily and an in-depth understanding of the software's structure and behavior, are discussed. The problems encountered by a maintainer trying to understand object-oriented software by reading and statically analyzing it are described. The problems caused by dynamic binding, polymorphism, and cooperating object classes in object-oriented software maintenance are reviewed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Deadlock detection in distributed object systems (2001)

The behaviour of a distributed system is largely determined by the use of synchronization primitives and threading policies of the underlying middleware. The inherent parallel nature of distributed systems may cause liveness problems, such as deadlocks and livelocks. An increasing number of distributed systems is built using object middleware. We exploit the fact that modern object middleware o#ers only a few built-in synchronization and threading primitives by suggesting UML stereotypes to represent each of these primitives in distributed object design. We define the semantics of the stereotypes using a process algebra. We use that semantics to translate UML diagrams into behaviourally equivalent process algebra representations and can then use model checking techniques to find potential deadlocks. The paper also shows how the model checking results can be related back to the original UML diagrams. Keywords: Model Checking, Object Middleware, Process Algebra, UML 1. INTRODUCTION Th...
First Principles Calculations of the Double Photoionization ofAtoms and Molecules using B-splines and Exterior Complex Scaling (2005)

We report a fully ab initio implementation of exterior complex scaling in B-splines to evaluate total, singly and triply differential cross sections in double photoionization problems. Results for He and H{sub 2} double photoionization are presented and compared with experiment.
Growth of SrVO3 thin films by hybrid molecular beam epitaxy (2015)

The authors report the growth of stoichiometric SrVO3 thin films on (LaAlO3)0.3(Sr2AlTaO6)0.7 (001) substrates using hybrid molecular beam epitaxy. This growth approach employs a conventional effusion cell to supply elemental A-site Sr and the metalorganic precursor vanadium oxytriisopropoxide (VTIP) to supply vanadium. Oxygen is supplied in its molecular form through a gas inlet. An optimal VTIP:Sr flux ratio has been identified using reflection high-energy electron-diffraction, x-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and scanning transmission electron microscopy, demonstrating stoichiometric SrVO3 films with atomically flat surface morphology. Away from the optimal VTIP:Sr flux, characteristic changes in the crystalline structure and surface morphology of the films were found, enabling identification of the type of nonstoichiometry. For optimal VTIP:Sr flux ratios, high quality SrVO3 thin films were obtained with smallest deviation of the lattice parameter from the ideal value and with atomically smooth surfaces, indicative of the good cation stoichiometry achieved by this growth technique.
Reorganization of cortical actin microfilaments and microtubules at preprophase and mitosis in wheat root‐tip cells: A double label immunofluorescence study (1990)

Abstract Following our recent description [McCurdy et al.: Protoplasma. 147:204–206, 1988] of arrays of transverse cortical microfilaments (MFs) in preprophase roottip cells of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Kite), we have performed double label immunofluorescence microscopy to correlate the formation of these arrays with the known rearrangement of cortical microtubules (MTs) that occurs during preprophase. At early preprophase, indicated by a broad (i.e., young) preprophase band (PPB) of MTs, actin MFs are transverse only in the central region of the cell cortex. By late preprophase, however, cells that possess a mature (i.e., narrow) PPB of MTs have arrays of transverse MFs that occupy the entire cortical surface of the cell. Thus, apart from the PPB zone, the transverse MFs in these arrays do not colocalize with transverse cortical MTs. Depolymerization of MTs using the herbicide oryzalin does not effect the arrays of cortical MFs; however, experiments using cytochalasin B in combination with oryzalin indicate that cellular MTs are necessary for the formation of the arrays of transverse cortical MFs. The arrays of cortical MFs disintegrate during prophase into short fragments of random, filamentous actin. This situation persists until the completion of cytokinesis. The absence of MFs during mitosis in densely‐cytoplasmic meristematic cells of wheat root tips indicates that filamentous actin may not have a universal function in plant cell division. The possible function of the arrays of cortical MFs in preprophase cells is discussed.
Conformation of Proteins (1967)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
Scents and sex: Insect pheromones (2009)

Pheromones are chemical signals (semiochemicals) that act between members of the same species, sex pheromones being the signals that facilitate sexual reproduction. Many organisms use such semiochemicals, but it is insects to which the main research attention has been directed. This article will therefore concentrate on the insect sex pheromones.
Theophylline (2003)

Because it is inexpensive, theophylline remains one of the most widely prescribed drugs for the treatment of airway diseases world-wide. In many industrialized countries, however, theophylline has become a third-line treatment used only in poorly controlled patients. This has been reinforced by various guidelines to therapy. Some have even questioned whether theophylline is indicated in any patients with asthma [1], although others have emphasized the special beneficial effects of theophylline which still give it an important place in management of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) [2•]. However, the frequency of side effects and the relative low efficacy of theophylline have led to reduced usage, because inhaled β2-agonists are far more effective as bronchodilators, and inhaled corticosteroids have a greater anti-inflammatory effect. Considerable uncertainty about the mode of action of theophylline in asthma and its logical place in therapy remain, despite its long-term use in asthma therapy. Because of problems with side effects, there have been attempts to improve on theophylline; recently, there has been increasing interest in selective phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors. Selective PDE4 inhibitors, a cAMP-specific family that negatively regulates the function of almost all pro-inflammatory and immune cells and exerts widespread anti-inflammatory activity in animal models of asthma, have the possibility of improving the beneficial effects and reducing the adverse effects of theophylline, although existing inhibitors are limited by the same side effects as theophylline [3].
Pan‐genome and multi‐parental framework for high‐resolution trait dissection in melon ( Cucumis melo ) (2022)

Linking genotype with phenotype is a fundamental goal in biology and requires robust data for both. Recent advances in plant-genome sequencing have expedited comparisons among multiple-related individuals. The abundance of structural genomic within-species variation that has been discovered indicates that a single reference genome cannot represent the complete sequence diversity of a species, leading to the expansion of the pan-genome concept. For high-resolution forward genetics, this unprecedented access to genomic variation should be paralleled and integrated with phenotypic characterization of genetic diversity. We developed a multi-parental framework for trait dissection in melon (Cucumis melo), leveraging a novel pan-genome constructed for this highly variable cucurbit crop. A core subset of 25 diverse founders (MelonCore25), consisting of 24 accessions from the two widely cultivated subspecies of C. melo, encompassing 12 horticultural groups, and 1 feral accession was sequenced using a combination of short- and long-read technologies, and their genomes were assembled de novo. The construction of this melon pan-genome exposed substantial variation in genome size and structure, including detection of ~300 000 structural variants and ~9 million SNPs. A half-diallel derived set of 300 F<sub>2</sub> populations, representing all possible MelonCore25 parental combinations, was constructed as a framework for trait dissection through integration with the pan-genome. We demonstrate the potential of this unified framework for genetic analysis of various melon traits, including rind color intensity and pattern, fruit sugar content, and resistance to fungal diseases. We anticipate that utilization of this integrated resource will enhance genetic dissection of important traits and accelerate melon breeding.
N-BLR, a primate-specific non-coding transcript, modulates the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and leads to colorectal cancer invasion and migration (2014)

Non-coding RNAs have been commanding increasingly greater attention in recent years as the few that have been functionalized to date play important roles in key cellular processes. Here we show that N-BLR, a ~900 bp non-coding RNA, modulates the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, increases colorectal cancer invasion, and functions as a migration enabler by affecting the expression of ZEB1 and E-cadherin. In patients with colorectal cancer, N-BLR expression associates with tumor stage and invasion potential. As N-BLR contains several instances of a category of DNA motifs known as pyknons, we also designed a custom-made array to investigate the possibility that other pyknon loci may be transcribed. For several of the loci probed by the array we found that the corresponding pyknons are differentially expressed between cancer and normal tissue samples. Taken together the data suggest that a systematic study of other pyknon-containing non-coding RNAs like N-BLR may be warranted in the context of colorectal cancer.
Physiological Closed-Loop Control (PCLC) Systems: Review of a Modern Frontier in Automation (2020)

Over the past decade, there has been an unprecedented international focus on improved quality and availability of medical care, which has reignited interest in clinical automation and drawn researchers toward novel solutions in the field of physiological closed-loop control systems (PCLCs). Today, multidisciplinary groups of expert scientists, engineers, clinicians, mathematicians, and policy-makers are combining their knowledge and experience to develop both the next generation of PCLC-based medical equipment and a collaborative commercial/academic infrastructure to support this rapidly expanding frontier. In the following article, we provide a robust introduction to the various aspects of this growing field motivated by the recent and ongoing work supporting two leading technologies: the artificial pancreas (AP) and automated anesthesia. Following a brief high-level overview of the main concepts in automated therapy and some relevant tools from systems and control theory, we explore - separately - the developments, challenges, state-of-the-art, and probable directions for AP and automated anesthesia systems. We then close the review with a consideration of the common lessons gleaned from these ventures and the implications they present for future investigations and adjacent research.
A Study of Dispense Needle for Die Attach Voids Mitigation (2020)

The need of data storage devices and new technologies continues to grow with more robust and stable functioning capability. With that, improvement and utilization never stop for a seamless output. One device that is currently on new product introduction is a quad-flat no-leads (QFN) utilizing a tapeless leadframe technology. The new device used highly conductive glue with metal spacer and has experienced gross glue voids defect parts per million (ppm). Glue voids were measured for cumulative voids criteria, with values higher compared to the specification. The study used analysis of variance (ANOVA) on the dispense needle diameter and revealed the effect levels of needle diameter on cumulative voids reduction. For subsequent works, the configuration could be applied for packages with similar requirement.
An Automated Spreading Resistance Test Facility (1974)

An automated spreading resistance test facility has been designed and constructed at the Allentown Works of the Western Electric Co. This system has been shown to provide a rapid, semi-nondestructive, and reproducible measurement of epitaxial layer resistivity which can be used in a production environment. The system has the advantages of operator independence, well protected probes, and four-inch capability. Surface or in-depth measurements can be performed with on-line calculations of resistivity and impurity concentration. Cycle time is less than five seconds per measurement and system reproducibility is ± 1.3% (lS).
Relationship between Li+ diffusion and ion conduction for single-crystal and powder garnet-type electrolytes studied by 7Li PGSE NMR spectroscopy (2019)

Ion-conducting garnets are important candidates for use in all-solid Li batteries and numerous materials have been synthesized with high ionic conductivities. For understanding ion conduction mechanisms, knowledge on Li<sup>+</sup> diffusion behaviour is essential. The proposed nano-scale lithium pathways are composed of tortuous and narrow Li<sup>+</sup> channels. The pulsed gradient spin-echo (PGSE) NMR method provides time-dependent <sup>7</sup>Li diffusion on the micrometre space. For powder samples, collision-diffraction echo-attenuation plots were observed in a short observation time, which had not been fully explained. The diffraction patterns were reduced or disappeared for single-crystal garnet samples of Li<sub>6.5</sub>La<sub>3</sub>Zr<sub>1.5</sub>Ta<sub>0.5</sub>O<sub>12</sub> (LLZO-Ta) and Li<sub>6.5</sub>La<sub>3</sub>Zr<sub>1.5</sub>Nb<sub>0.5</sub>O<sub>12</sub> (LLZO-Nb). The inner morphology and grain boundaries affect importantly the collision-diffraction behaviours which is inherent to powder samples. The <sup>7</sup>Li diffusion observed by PGSE-NMR depends on the observation time (Δ) and the pulsed field gradient (PFG) strength (g) in both powder and single-crystal samples, and the anomalous effects were reduced in the single-crystal samples. The scattered Li diffusion constants converged to a unique value (D<sub>Li</sub>) with a long Δ and a large g, which is eventually the smallest value. The D<sub>Li</sub> activation energy was close to that of the ionic conductivity (σ). The D<sub>Li</sub> values are plotted versus the σ values measured for four powder and two single-crystal garnet samples. Assuming the Nernst-Einstein (NE) relation which was derived for isolated ions in solution, the carrier numbers (N<sub>NE</sub>) were estimated from the experimental values of D<sub>Li</sub> and σ. The N<sub>NE</sub> values of metal-containing garnets were large (<10<sup>23</sup> cm<sup>-3</sup>) and insensitive to temperature. They were larger than Li atomic numbers in cm<sup>3</sup> calculated from the density, molecular formula and Avogadro number for LLZOs except for cubic LLZO (Li<sub>7</sub>La<sub>3</sub>Zr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>12</sub>, N<sub>NE</sub>∼ 10<sup>20</sup> cm<sup>-3</sup>).
Trust management in wireless sensor networks (2010)

Abstract The range of applications of wireless sensor networks is so wide that it tends to invade our every day life. In the future, a sensor network will survey our health, our home, the roads we follow, the office or the industry we work in or even the aircrafts we use, in an attempt to enhance our safety. However, the wireless sensor networks themselves are prone to security attacks. The list of security attacks, although already very long, continues to augment impeding the expansion of these networks. The trust management schemes consist of a powerful tool for the detection of unexpected node behaviours (either faulty or malicious). Once misbehaving nodes are detected, their neighbours can use this information to avoid cooperating with them, either for data forwarding, data aggregation or any other cooperative function. A variety of trust models which follow different directions regarding the distribution of measurement functionality, the monitored behaviours and the way measurements are used to calculate/define the node's trustworthiness has been presented in the literature. In this paper, we survey trust models in an attempt to explore the interplay among the implementation requirements, the resource consumption and the achieved security. Our goal is to draw guidelines for the design of deployable trust model designs with respect to the available node and network capabilities and application peculiarities. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
A bivulval female of Trichodorus viruliferus (1988)

This report is the first record of a bivulval trichodorid nem'atode and the specimen is deposited at the Istituto di Nematologia Agraria del CNR, Bari, Italy.
The Condorcet Principle for Multiwinner Elections: From Shortlisting to Proportionality (2017)

We study two notions of stability in multiwinner elections that are based on the Condorcet criterion. The first notion was introduced by Gehrlein and is majoritarian in spirit. The second one, local stability, is introduced in this paper, and focuses on voter representation. The goal of this paper is to explore these two notions, their implications on restricted domains, and the computational complexity of rules that are consistent with them.
The amniotic membrane as a source of stem cells. (2010)

Cellular therapy has emerged as a new potential tool for curing a wide range of degenerative diseases and tissue necrosis. Embryonic stem cells possess potential for differentiation into a wide range of cell lineages, but the ethical issues associated with establishment of this human cell line have to be resolved prior to any use. The bone marrow (BM) is the usual source of adult stem cells for hematopoietic stem cell transplants and cellular therapy, but the BM harvest is a surgical procedure that requires general anesthesia or sedation, and there seems to be a reduction of the proliferative potential and differentiation capacity of the marrow mesenchymal stem cells in older donors. For these reasons there is an increasing interest in other sources of stem cells from adult and fetal tissues. The amniotic membrane (AM) or amnion is a tissue of particular interest because its cells possess characteristics of stem cells with multipotent differentiation ability, and because of low immunogenicity and easy procurement from the placenta, which is a discarded tissue after parturition, thus avoiding the current controversies associated with the use of human embryonic stem cells. Therefore, amniotic membrane has been proposed as a good candidate to be used in cellular therapy and regenerative medicine.
Only Mostly Blind Source Separation (2011)

In acoustic and bioelectrical environments characterized by multiple simultaneous sources, effective blind source separation from sensor response mixtures becomes difficult as the number of sources increases-especially when the true number of sources is both unknown and changing over time. However, in some environments, non-sensor information can provide useful hypotheses for some sources. Focusing for convenience on the acoustic case, we propose an adaptive filtering architecture for validating such hypotheses, extracting an acoustic representation of valid hypotheses, and improving the separation of the remaining “hidden” acoustic sources. We evaluate the performance of this “Only Mostly Blind Source Separation” algorithm on synthesized instantaneous (bioelectrical-like), synthesized non-instantaneous, and true convolutive acoustic mixtures of simultaneous speech material.
Combining Recurrent and Convolutional Neural Networks for Relation Classification (2016)

Ngoc Thang Vu, Heike Adel, Pankaj Gupta, Hinrich Schütze. Proceedings of the 2016 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies. 2016.
CVI.—The action of thionyl chloride on lactic acid and on ethyl lactate (1914)

P. F. Frankland and W. E. Garner, J. Chem. Soc., Trans., 1914, 105, 1101 DOI: 10.1039/CT9140501101
Nanoparticle Fluorescence Based Technology for Biological Applications (2008)

Fluorescence is widely used in biological detection and imaging. The emerging luminescent nanoparticles or quantum dots provide a new type of biological agents that can improve these applications. The advantages of luminescent nanoparticles for biological applications include their high quantum yield, color availability, good photo-stability, large surface-to-volume ratio, surface functionality, and small size. In this review article, we first introduce quantum size confinement, photoluminescence and upconversion luminescence of nanoparticles, then describe the preparation and conjugation of water soluble nanoparticles and introduce the applications of luminescence nanoparticles for in vitro and in vivo imaging, fluorescence resonance energy based detection, and the applications of luminescence nanoparticles for photodynamic activation.
Precise algorithms to compute surface correlation functions of two-phase heterogeneous media and their applications (2018)

Calculation of correlation functions is an important step in characterizing heterogeneous media. This manuscript presents efficient and accurate procedures to calculate two-point surface correlations, which have previously been difficult to compute. These algorithms are likely to be important tools for characterizing properties of a variety of multiphase media.
Reduced Cardiac Selenium Content in the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (1989)

Selenium deficiency has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a dilated congestive cardiomyopathy in areas of China (Keshan disease) and in several patients on long-term total parenteral nutrition. Recently a clinically and pathologically similar cardiomyopathy has been described in AIDS. Since blood selenium levels are low in AIDS, we assayed cardiac selenium status by a spectrofluorometric method in eight AIDS patients at autopsy compared to nine age-matched, non-AIDS autopsy controls with histologically normal hearts. We found (mean +/- SD) a cardiac selenium level of 0.327 +/- 0.082 microgram/g dry weight in AIDS vs 0.534 +/- 0.184 microgram/g dry weight in controls (p less than 0.01; Student's t test). There were no significant differences between the groups for heart weight, serum CPK, or other laboratory parameters. No specific chest x-ray or electrocardiographic abnormalities were present. Histologically, all AIDS hearts were abnormal; mostly with mild degrees of muscle hypertrophy or fibrosis. Foci of myocytolysis and myocyte necrosis and fibrous replacement of myocytes and monocytic infiltration were present in two AIDS cases. We conclude that heart tissue in AIDS demonstrates a significant selenium deficit. These data provide a potential link between selenium deficiency and cardiomyopathy in AIDS.