gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lessons Learned from Casing-Casing Annulus Repair Utilizing Rigless Operation Approach in Offshore Oil Field (2019)

Abstract Several aged oil wells in offshore oil field are drilled in a conventional method. These wells are subjected to Casing-Casing Annulus (CCA) problems that might appear during the production operation and/or the shutdown phases. A continuous monitoring is performed to avoid issues related to well integrity and safety. The expected source of Casing-Casing Annulus (CCA) problem is mainly due to poor primarily cementing placement into the outer-casing strings especially across shallow aquifers formations. Due to long shutdown period on subject wells, these wells are encountered with high rate of CCA phenomena among other wells. An immediate mitigation action is required to resolve the issues by applying rig workover operation which is considered highly cost approach with low success rate. The rig workover operation results might lead to suspension or abandonment of these wells. The impact will affect the production target and the oil recovery around the area. A new methodology approach was selected using chemical sealant recipes as a rigless operation to repair CCA problem with cost-effective and safe manner for first time in offshore filed. Based on the wellhead and annuli survey, the bleed down and build up tests were conducted and followed by close monitoring on suspected wells, which revealed sustained casing pressures and fluid return at the surface. Several fluid samples were collected and analyzed in the lab. Based on the findings, the procedures and the proper design were conducted to inject the chemical sealant into connected cement channels behind casing strings. Curing time and injection rate with required volumes of chemicals were considered based on the pressure responses and chemical performance. The results from the rigless operation job utilizing the new approach showed wide-ranging success rates based on well by well cases and conditions such as 1) Age of the well, 2) Sustained pressure observed at the surface, 3) Injectivity rates, 4) Chemical additives volume and 5) Downhole conditions (pressure / temperature). The new technique added a great value on restoring the well integrity and saving the rig operation cost. In addition, the approach contributed to achieve maximum sustainable production target through ensuring the well operability and reducing the production down time. Challenges, methodology, work schedule, risk assessment, lessons learned and findings have been covered in this paper.
Systematics and Future Projections Concerning Redox‐Noninnocent Amide/Imine Ligands (2011)

Abstract An analysis of the conjugative possibilities of dienes carrying two terminal heteroatom donors shows some generalizations of these as possible redox‐active (redox “noninnocent”) ligands. If the two E=C functionalities (E = O,S, NR, CHR) are connected by an odd number of sp 2 ‐hybridized atoms, full conjugation between the two terminal E donors is not possible, a situation which is found both in 2,6‐bis(imino)pyridine (BIMPY) and beta‐diketiminate ligands; the character of their redox noninnocence is thus altered, compared to 1,4‐diheterodienes. Some insight into the BIMPY ligand comes from the analog where one imino arm is absent. The traditional stereochemical relationships which govern conjugation in arenes are analyzed for their implications for different bis(imino)pyridine isomers, and also for 2,6‐dipyrimidyl‐ and dipyridazinyl‐pyridines, as generalizations of the classic terpyridyl ligands. Factors which favor oxidized vs. reduced ligand forms are discussed.
Oxygen enrichment of air: Performance guidelines for membranes based on techno-economic assessment (2021)

The use of oxygen-enriched air (OEA) is an important strategy for reducing process cost and CO2 emissions in several industrial processes. Membrane-based processes, attributing to their high energy efficiency, are promising alternatives to cryogenic distillation and pressure-swing adsorption (PSA) at small to medium scales. However, so far, the techno-economic assessment of membrane processes has been focused on the production of low-purity O2. This study assesses O2 enrichment by membrane-based processes in a large purity range (30–95%), and reports significant energy and cost savings when high-performance membranes, marked by O2 permeance of 500–1000 GPU and O2/N2 selectivity in the range of 2–20, are developed. The analysis identifies that O2/N2 selectivities of 2–4, 6–15, and 20 are optimal for target purity of 30–40%, 50–65%, and >70%, respectively, leading to specific costs in the range of 20–50 $/tonEPO2 when blending with air is not considered. Purity target below 75% can be achieved by the single-stage process while double-stage processes are needed for higher purity targets. If highly-selective membranes are available, the cost of lower purity OEA can be further reduced by blending higher purity OEA with air. We demonstrate the benefits of the membrane process for four important applications. For natural gas combustion, optimal energy and cost savings of 41% and 22%, respectively, are predicted using membranes with selectivity of 4. An optimized hybrid system combining membrane enricher and post-combustion capture reduces energy consumption (22%) and cost (6%) with respect to the standalone capture. The production of medical-grade oxygen (90% purity) from membranes is economical (0.4 $/kL) compared to that from PSA (0.6–0.8 $/kL). Finally, 95% O2 can also be produced for oxycombustion with a specific cost of 32 $/tonEPO2.
SUMA - the synchronous unscheduled multiple access protocol for mobile ad hoc networks (2003)

The use of unscheduled contention based channel access protocols in mobile ad hoc networks is very attractive due to their transparency to topological change, relatively low overhead, and ease of implementation. Recent reports (see Shugong Xu and Tarek Saadawi, IEEE Commun. Magazine, vol.39, no.6, p.130-7, 2001), however, have shown that the widely available asynchronous contention based 802.11 protocol has significant fairness issues, especially with regard to exposed terminals. These fairness issues are a direct result of the asynchronous nature of the protocol. We present SUMA, the synchronous unscheduled multiple access protocol, which has all the benefits of a contention based access protocol while ensuring fair access to all nodes.
Triethylborane Induced Radical Reaction of Gallium Enolates with α‐Halo Esters. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Table S2 from Phase II Trial of IL-12 Plasmid Transfection and PD-1 Blockade in Immunologically Quiescent Melanoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Lesion response data&lt;/p&gt;
The Effect of Nucleotomy on Lumbar Spine Mechanics in Compression and Shear Loading (2001)

Nucleotomy resulted in decreased disc pressure, decreased endplate deformation, and modified loading patterns onto the inferior vertebra in compression loading. However, nucleotomy did not appreciably affect the behavior of the disc in shear loading.
Unmet needs in asthma: Global Asthma Physician and Patient (GAPP) Survey: global adult findings (2007)

The GAPP Survey not only defines an unmet need in asthma treatment, but also reveals that there is a direct relationship between the quality of physician-patient communication, the level of treatment side effects and the extent of patient compliance. These survey findings highlight a clear need for improved patient-focused care in asthma.
Cell Survival Fraction Estimation Based on the Probability Densities of Domain and Cell Nucleus Specific Energies Using Improved Microdosimetric Kinetic Models (2012)

Estimation of the survival fractions of cells irradiated with various particles over a wide linear energy transfer (LET) range is of great importance in the treatment planning of charged-particle therapy. Two computational models were developed for estimating survival fractions based on the concept of the microdosimetric kinetic model. They were designated as the double-stochastic microdosimetric kinetic and stochastic microdosimetric kinetic models. The former model takes into account the stochastic natures of both domain and cell nucleus specific energies, whereas the latter model represents the stochastic nature of domain specific energy by its approximated mean value and variance to reduce the computational time. The probability densities of the domain and cell nucleus specific energies are the fundamental quantities for expressing survival fractions in these models. These densities are calculated using the microdosimetric and LET-estimator functions implemented in the Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System (PHITS) in combination with the convolution or database method. Both the double-stochastic microdosimetric kinetic and stochastic microdosimetric kinetic models can reproduce the measured survival fractions for high-LET and high-dose irradiations, whereas a previously proposed microdosimetric kinetic model predicts lower values for these fractions, mainly due to intrinsic ignorance of the stochastic nature of cell nucleus specific energies in the calculation. The models we developed should contribute to a better understanding of the mechanism of cell inactivation, as well as improve the accuracy of treatment planning of charged-particle therapy.
Don't race the memory bus: taming the GC leadfoot (2015)

Dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) is ubiquitous on mobile devices as a mechanism for saving energy. Reducing the clock frequency of a processor allows a corresponding reduction in power consumption, as does turning off idle cores. Garbage collection is a canonical example of the sort of memory-bound workload that best responds to such scaling. Here, we explore the impact of frequency scaling for garbage collection in a real mobile device running Android's Dalvik virtual machine, which uses a concurrent collector. By controlling the frequency of the core on which the concurrent collector thread runs we can reduce power significantly. Running established multi-threaded benchmarks shows that total processor energy can be reduced up to 30%, with end-to-end performance loss of at most 10%
Brugada Syndrome Disease Phenotype Explained in Apparently Benign Sodium Channel Mutations (2014)

Taken together, we have shown how apparently benign SCN5A BrS mutations can lead to the ECG abnormalities seen in patients with BrS through an induced defect that is only present when the mutations are coexpressed with WT channels. Our work has implications for risk management and stratification for some SCN5A-implicated BrS patients.
Patterns of recurrence after nerve-sparing surgery for rectal adenocarcinoma with special reference to loco-regional recurrence (1995)

Compared with local recurrences is so-called extended surgery appeared to be lower. Our current policy is aggressive application of nerve-sparing surgery, even to patients with node-positive rectal cancer, taking into consideration the exact extent of cancer spread. From the viewpoint of neuroanatomy related to mesorectum, we discussed patient determination for our nerve-sparing surgery.
Classic electrically small antennas versus In/On-Body antennas: similarities and differences (2019)

Electrically small antennas (ESAs) have been discussed since the early radio days, when all antennas were small compared to the wavelength. The boom of mobile phones triggered a second wave of intense research activity on these devices, which continues today where virtually everything has a wireless connection. This intense research activity has produced interesting and usefully results on the physical limitations of such antennas, design rules and optimal designs. Since the beginning of the century, the number of medical, sports, or security applications (to name just some of them) requiring implantable or wearable communication devices has grown at a high speed, launching the interest for wearable or implantable ESAs. Many interesting designs have been published to this date, but we only start understanding the fundamentals of such antennas. Neither physical bounds on their radiation characteristics nor optimal designs or design rules are yet available. In this contribution, I will highlight the main similarities and differences between classic ESAs and antennas for wearables and implants, illustrated by practical examples
Random Urine Drug Testing (2009)

In Response: The intention of our mandatory random urine testing program1 is not simply to reduce the incidence of positive drug tests, but to produce two important effects improving resident safety: first, to reduce the incidence of dependency, abuse, and misuse of those substances easily available to anesthesiology residents, and second, we aim for earlier detection and treatment of those who do abuse these substances. Only a large randomized trial will allow us to learn which of these effects might be significant. We agree that all incidents of substance misuse will not be detected by substance screening, but we are also impressed with the inability of even the most sensitive and thoughtful of our clinician supervisors to detect residents and fellows who are abusing drugs. We acknowledge that the 36-h sampling response window does create problems, including the possibility that the urine concentration of a substance may decrease to less than the confirmatory levels. To improve our process, we have reduced this window to 10 h since the publication of our article. We now contact the individual through the paging system early in the morning and require a sample by 5:00 pm that same day. Brock and Roy2 raised the issue of hair testing since it bypasses privacy concerns. Hair testing allows a longer window of detection than other modes of detection.3 Hair testing may indeed indicate that an individual has ingested a substance, but not whether the individual was under the influence of a substance at a time of patient care. Hair testing requires multiple hairs to be removed. The direct removal of hair is invasive and this action may violate the Fourth Amendment, which bars unreasonable search and seizure.4 The United States Military and the Department of Transportation still monitor urine levels. Urine is considered a waste product and urine testing may be more acceptable. Brock and Roy2 state that other monitoring programs combine both random testing and behavioral monitoring. Katz et al. describes inappropriate drug use in a population of patients receiving chronic opioids for painful syndromes.5 The importance of this in relation to our program is unclear, since we are attempting to decrease the use of illicit or controlled substances in a population in which usage is abusive and should be nil. The letter also states that experienced opioid users may self-inject drugs at work at a low level sufficient to prevent withdrawal but not at a level to impair performance. We believe such activity would, in fact, argue for the benefits of random drug testing, since performance impairment is not detectable by observers. Michael G. Fitzsimons, MD Keith Baker, MD Edward Lowenstein, MD Warren Zapol, MD Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, Massachusetts [email protected]
Interactive analysis of single-cell data using flexible workflows with SCTK2 (2023)

Analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data can reveal novel insights into the heterogeneity of complex biological systems. Many tools and workflows have been developed to perform different types of analyses. However, these tools are spread across different packages or programming environments, rely on different underlying data structures, and can only be utilized by people with knowledge of programming languages. In the Single-Cell Toolkit 2 (SCTK2), we have integrated a variety of popular tools and workflows to perform various aspects of scRNA-seq analysis. All tools and workflows can be run in the R console or using an intuitive graphical user interface built with R/Shiny. HTML reports generated with Rmarkdown can be used to document and recapitulate individual steps or entire analysis workflows. We show that the toolkit offers more features when compared with existing tools and allows for a seamless analysis of scRNA-seq data for non-computational users.
Supplementary Information from Genes Predisposed to DNA Hypermethylation during Acquired Resistance to Chemotherapy Are Identified in Ovarian Tumors by Bivalent Chromatin Domains at Initial Diagnosis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Data showing greater than expected overlap of H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 marks in gene promoters and how variable ChIP-seq library complexity impacts upon discovery of bivalent domains&lt;/p&gt;
Unbounded High Dynamic Range Photography Using a Modulo Camera (2015)

This paper presents a novel framework to extend the dynamic range of images called Unbounded High Dynamic Range (UHDR) photography with a modulo camera. A modulo camera could theoretically take unbounded radiance levels by keeping only the least significant bits. We show that with limited bit depth, very high radiance levels can be recovered from a single modulus image with our newly proposed unwrapping algorithm for natural images. We can also obtain an HDR image with details equally well preserved for all radiance levels by merging the least number of modulus images. Synthetic experiment and experiment with a real modulo camera show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Transport in catalytically active porous membrane application in seawater deoxygenation for pressure maintenance. (2021)

In this study, inorganic tubular ceramic membranes with highly-dispersed catalytic metal: palladium and platinum were produced on both meso and macro-porous membranes. The membranes were characterised by energy dispersive x-rays (EDAX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), BET liquid nitrogen adsorption and hydrogen gas transport behaviour. They were tested for sea water deoxygenation by feeding seawater saturated with hydrogen under various operating conditions and monitoring the downstream oxygen removal rate. The results far exceeded those of a traditional fixed be catalytic reactor.
Cooperative Reactivity in an Extended-Viologen-Based Cyclophane (2016)

A tetracationic pyridinium-based cyclophane with a box-like geometry, incorporating two juxtaposed alkyne functions, has been synthesized. The triple bonds are reactive through cycloadditions toward dienes and azides, promoted by the electron-withdrawing nature of the pyridinium rings, as well as by the strain inherent in the cyclophane. The cycloadditions proceeded in high yields, with the cyclophane reacting faster than its acyclic analogue. While the cyclophane contains two reactive triple bonds, there is no evidence for a stable monofunctional intermediate-only starting material and the difunctional product have been detected by (1)H NMR spectroscopy. Molecular modeling of the energy landscape reveals a lower barrier for the kinetically favored second cycloaddition compared with the first one. This situation results in tandem cascading reactions within rigid cyclophanes, where reactions at a first triple bond induce increased reactivity at a distal second alkyne.
Electrochemical Synthesis of Optically Active Polyanilines (1998)

The synthesis of optically active polyaniline salt films of the type PAn.HCSA (HCSA = camphor-10-sulfonic acid) has been achieved via the enantioselective electropolymerization of aniline on indium-tin-oxide (ITO)-coated glass electrodes in the presence of (+)- or (–)-HCSA. Similar results were obtained under potentiostatic, galvanostatic and potentiodynamic conditions. The chiroptical and electrical properties of these novel materials have been characterized by u.v.–visible and circular dichroism (c.d.) spectroscopy, electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance techniques and resistometry. The intensity of the c.d. spectra of potentiostatically grown PAn.(+)-HCSA films was found to increase with increasing applied potential over the range 0·8–1·1 V ( v . Ag/AgCl) and with increasing charge consumed. C.d. spectroscopic studies also showed that the polyaniline chains retained their initial configuration when the (+)-HCSA dopant acid in PAn.(+)-HCSA films was replaced by HCl via potential cycling in 1 mol dm-3 HCl. Similarly, chemical de-doping of PAn.(+)-HCSA with 0·5 mol dm-3 NH4OH produced optically active emeraldine base, which upon re-doping with HCl gave optically active PAn.HCl with a c.d. spectrum very similar to that of the original PAn.(+)-HCSA. These results suggest that chiral holes may be formed in the polymer matrix during both redox and chemical de-doping/re-doping cycles with PAn.(+)-HCSA salt films.
Multi-Agent Systems Negotiation Approach for Handoff in Mobile Cognitive Radio Networks (2012)

The rapid growth of wireless services has imposed huge pressure on the fixed radio spectrum. The deficit in the limited radio frequency spectrum resources can be alleviated by adopting cognitive radio technology. This new concept aims to change the traditional static spectrum allocation into a dynamic one by exploiting unused frequencies. Researchers in cognitive radio context have been more interested in spectrum sensing and sharing concepts than spectrum handoff. However, node mobility still arises as a major issue. To this extend, we develop a new approach for spectrum sharing and handoff taking into account nodes mobility. Our proposal uses multi-agent systems negotiation that enables mobile cognitive radio terminals to switch to the best available spectrum band giving their applications requirements. We deploy agents on both primary and secondary users to exchange information and negotiate in order to have a better use of the spectrum, considering devices capabilities and requirements. Simulations results show that our approach achieves up to 97% of the whole spectrum utilization and reduces the number of spectrum handoffs.
Numerical Data-Processing Simulations of Microarcsecond Classical and Relativistic Effects in Space Astrometry (2000)

The accuracy of astrometric observations conducted via a space-borne optical interferometer orbiting the Earth is expected to approach a few microarcseconds. Data processing of such extremely high-precision measurements requires access to a rigorous relativistic model of light ray propagation developed in the framework of General Relativity. The data-processing of the space interferometric observations must rely upon the theory of general-relativistic transformations between the spacecraft, geocentric, and solar barycentric reference systems allowing unique and unambiguous interpretation of the stellar aberration and parallax effects. On the other hand, the algorithm must also include physically adequate treatment of the relativistic effect of light deflection caused by the spherically-symmetric (monopole-dependent) part of the gravitational field of the Sun and planets as well as the quadrupole- and spin-dependent counterparts of it. In some particular cases the gravitomagnetic field induced by the translational motion of the Sun and planets should be also taken into account for unambigious prediction of the light-ray deflection angle. In the present paper we describe the corresponding software program for taking into account all classical (proper motion, parallax, etc.) and relativistic (aberration, deflection of light) effects up to the microarcsecond threshold and demonstrate, using numerical simulations, how observations of stars and/or quasars conducted on board a space optical interferometer orbiting the Earth can be processed and disentangled.