gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multiplex networks (2015)

Real-world networks often consist of multiple layers, be they infrastructure such as airline networks or social such as collaboration networks. A common aspect to these networks is that there are multiple sub-networks that evolve in parallel on the same node set -- these are referred to as multiplex networks. For example, in the case of airline networks, the cities (nodes) have been well-established for several decades if not centuries, but over time new airlines (sub-networks) emerge and each airline creates its own flight linkages between cities. Similarly multiple modalities of communications evolve in parallel between individuals (nodes) such as E-mail, SMS, and Online Social Networks, e.g., Facebook and Twitter. While in some multiplex networks, each layer evolves independently from other layers over time, in other multiple networks, the evolution of a layer is coupled with that of other layers -- a process referred to as co-evolution.
Optical cross-correlation of millimeter wave signals applied to interferometric radiometry (2012)

This paper presents a method to perform in the optical domain the correlations required when processing millimeter wave interferometric radiometer signals. The main problem when addressing the design of an interferometric radiometer working at W-band resides on the distribution and correlation of large bandwidth signals acquired by each radiometer receiver. In order to avoid the necessity of baseband processing of signals with large relative bandwidths, the signals coming from the radiometric receivers are up-converted to the optical domain using LiNbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> optical phase modulators. The modulated signals from each receiver pairs are added and and detected by a photodiode. The correlation is obtained from the resulting photocurrent.
Interleukin-8 Production in Patients Undergoing Cardiopulmonary Bypass: The Influence of Pretreatment with Methylprednisolone (1993)

Pulmonary dysfunction caused by pulmonary neutrophil sequestration is a frequent postoperative complication in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) surgery. It is yet unclear whether treatment with corticosteroids in vivo in these patients can prevent complement-mediated neutrophil activation and sequestration in the lungs. Therefore, we conducted a prospective study in order to investigate whether methylprednisolone (MP) pretreatment (30 mg/kg) could influence the appearance of IL-8 (a recently discovered cytokine with potent neutrophil-chemotactic activity) in the peripheral circulation. We also studied the effects of MP pretreatment on the inflammatory parameters in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid 4 h postoperatively. Although peripheral neutropenia and the rise in IL-8 serum levels was less pronounced in MP-treated than in non-steroid-treated patients, there was no significant difference in albumin, total protein, concentrations of IL-8 and C3a, and the number of neutrophils in the BAL fluid between the two groups. However, when cultured in vitro, alveolar macrophages from patients treated with MP released significantly lower IL-8, both in basal conditions and after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide. Our results show that MP does not prevent (IL-8-mediated) pulmonary neutrophil infiltration after CPB, although it might affect certain aspects of the microvascular lung injury.
Investigation of transport processes involved in FGD. Final report, July 1, 1991--August 31, 1992 (1992)

The objective of this study was to examine state-level variations in income-related inequality in health and overall health achievement in the US. Data that were representative of the US and each state in 2001 were extracted from the Current Population Survey 2001. Income-related inequality in health and health achievement were measured by Health Concentration and Health Achievement Indices, respectively. Significant variations were found across states in income-related inequality in health and health achievement. In particular, states in the south and east regions, on average, experienced a higher degree of health inequality and lower health achievement. About 80% of the state-level variation in health achievement could be explained by demographics, economic structure and performance, and state and local government spending and burden. In contrast, medical care resource indicators were not found to contribute to health achievement in states. States with better health achievement were more urbanized, had lower proportions of minority groups, females and the elderly, fewer individuals below the poverty line, larger primary industry, and lower unemployment rates. Also, per capita state and local government spending, particularly the proportion spent on public health, was positively associated with better health achievement. Because of the direct implications of health level and distribution in resource allocation and social norms, states with a lower level of health achievement need to prioritize efforts in increasing and reallocating resources to diminish health inequality and to improve population health.
Surgery for weight loss in adults (2014)

Surgery results in greater improvement in weight loss outcomes and weight associated comorbidities compared with non-surgical interventions, regardless of the type of procedures used. When compared with each other, certain procedures resulted in greater weight loss and improvements in comorbidities than others. Outcomes were similar between RYGB and sleeve gastrectomy, and both of these procedures had better outcomes than adjustable gastric banding. For people with very high BMI, biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch resulted in greater weight loss than RYGB. Duodenojejunal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy and laparoscopic RYGB had similar outcomes, however this is based on one small trial. Isolated sleeve gastrectomy led to better weight-loss outcomes than adjustable gastric banding after three years follow-up. This was based on one trial only. Weight-related outcomes were similar between laparoscopic gastric imbrication and laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in one trial. Across all studies adverse event rates and reoperation rates were generally poorly reported. Most trials followed participants for only one or two years, therefore the long-term effects of surgery remain unclear.
Regulatory Cells in Transplantation (2003)

Regulatory T cells can play an important role in both the induction and maintenance of tolerance to donor alloantigens in vivo. Regulatory activity specific for donor alloantingens is enriched amongst CD4+CD25+ T cells in some settings and can be induced by manipulating the immune system before transplantation. Donor alloantigen-specific CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells can control aggressive CD4+ as well as CD8+ T cells thereby preventing rejection and can mediate linked unresponsiveness. In vivo, donor alloantigen specific CD4+CD25+ cells are dependent on interleukin (IL)10 and CTLA4 for functional activity. These populations of regulatory cells induced by manipulating the adult immune system therefore have properties in common with naturally occurring regulatory T cells. The active regulation/suppression of immune responsiveness to donor alloantigens offers a way to silence aggressive immune responses directed to donor alloantigens thereby preventing damage to the graft from being inflicted. The generation of regulatory T cells with defined alloantigen specificity could provide dynamic control of rejection responses and offers a potential route to permanent graft survival without the need for life-long non-specific immunosuppression.
Chronic systemic high‐dose recombinant interferon alfa‐2a reduces exacerbation rate, MRI signs of disease activity, and lymphocyte interferon gamma production in relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis (1994)

We report a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial of systemic high-dose recombinant interferon alfa-2a (rIFNA) in 20 patients with relapsing-remitting (RR) multiple sclerosis (MS). Patients received 9 million IU rIFNA (n = 12) or placebo (n = 8) intramuscularly every other day for 6 months. Clinical exacerbations or new or enlarging lesions on serial MRI occurred in two of 12 rIFNA-treated and in seven of eight placebo-treated patients (p < 0.005). There was only one enlarging MRI lesion in the rIFNA group, whereas 27 new or enlarging lesions were present in the placebo group (p < 0.01). Baseline lymphocyte interferon gamma production of 19.10 +/- 7.12 IU/ml significantly decreased to 3.03 +/- 0.66 IU/ml (p < 0.04) in the rIFNA group, whereas production was unchanged in the placebo group. The rIFNA was tolerated without dropouts or serious side effects, but fever, malaise, fatigue (interfering with daily activities in two patients), and leukopenia occurred frequently. Neuropsychological tests excluded neurotoxicity. High-dose systemic rIFNA might reduce clinical and MRI signs of disease activity in RR MS and should be investigated in larger trials.
Stereospecific synthesis of the 6.alpha.- and 6.beta.-amino derivatives of naltrexone and oxymorphone (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereospecific synthesis of the 6.alpha.- and 6.beta.-amino derivatives of naltrexone and oxymorphoneLawrence M. Sayre and Philip S. PortogheseCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 16, 3366–3368Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01304a051https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01304a051research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views551Altmetric-Citations52LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Detection of single x-ray photons by an annular superconducting tunnel junction (2001)

We present an experiment that detects photons by use of an annular Nb-based superconducting tunnel junction (STJ). In one magnetic field configuration, we stably trapped a single magnetic fluxon in the STJ barrier during a transition to the superconducting state. This is an innovative configuration which avoids the use of an externally applied field during detector operation. It offers potential benefits for STJs used in imaging arrays. In this configuration, and also in the conventional one with an externally applied parallel magnetic field, we observed current pulses produced by single 6 keV x-ray photons. The pulses were the same for the two configurations.
Optimality properties of balanced realizations: Minimum sensitivity (1987)

It has been well established that the so-called balanced state space realizations of linear time-invariant systems have certain desirable computational properties. But the complete relationship between balanced realizations and the general parameter sensitivity problem is not yet fully appreciated. In this paper we present a geometric approach to the robust design problem and its solution using a specific optimality criterion. In particular, for discrete-time linear systems, a minimum sensitivity parameterization of a linear system with a given input-output relationship will be linked to the balanced realization.
A Remarkable Glycosidation Reaction: The Total Synthesis of Calicheamicin .gamma.1I (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Remarkable Glycosidation Reaction: The Total Synthesis of Calicheamicin .gamma.1IStephen A. Hitchcock, Margaret Y. Chu-Moyer, Serge H. Boyer, Steven H. Olson, and Samuel J. DanishefskyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 21, 5750–5756Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00126a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00126a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views656Altmetric-Citations54LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
n-3 Fatty acids block TNF-α-stimulated MCP-1 expression in rat mesangial cells (2011)

Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) is a CC cytokine that fundamentally contributes to the pathogenesis of inflammatory renal disease. MCP-1 is highly expressed in cytokine-stimulated mesangial cells in vitro and following glomerular injury in vivo. Interventions to limit MCP-1 expression are commonly effective in assorted experimental models. Fish oil, an abundant source of n-3 fatty acids, has anti-inflammatory properties, the basis of which remains incompletely defined. We examined potential mechanisms whereby fish oil reduces MCP-1 expression and thereby suppresses inflammatory responses to tissue injury. Cultured mesangial cells were treated with TNF-α in the presence of the n-3 fatty acids docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA); equimolar concentrations of the n-6 fatty acids LA and OA served as controls. MCP-1 mRNA expression was assessed by Northern blotting, and transcriptional activity of the MCP-1 promoter was assessed by transient transfection. The involvement of the ERK and NF-κB pathways was evaluated through transfection analysis and the use of the MEK inhibitor U0126. DHA and EPA decreased TNF-α-stimulated MCP-1 mRNA expression by decreasing transcription of the MCP-1 gene. DHA and EPA decreased p-ERK expression and nuclear translocation of NF-κB, both of which are necessary for TNF-α-stimulated MCP-1 expression. Both NF-κB and AP-1 sites were involved in transcriptional regulation of the MCP-1 gene by DHA and EPA. We conclude that DHA and EPA inhibit TNF-α-stimulated transcription of the MCP-1 gene through interaction of signaling pathways involving ERK and NF-κB. We speculate that such effects may contribute to the salutary effect of fish oil in renal and vascular disease.
Infiltration of a copper roof runoff through artificial barriers (2006)

On-site infiltration of a copper roof runoff may contribute to deterioration of the ground and ground water. To avoid such a negative effect the performance of two different technical systems, equipped with four different barrier materials, regarding copper elimination was examined in a field study. During the period March 2004 to January 2005, 16 rain events were examined. Copper concentrations between 200 and 11,000 microg/L in the roof runoff during a rain event were observed. The cover material of the roof and the drainage system were responsible for the high concentrations of copper in the roof runoff. It was evident that roof aspects facing towards the wind direction were receiving higher rainfall, thus were establishing higher copper runoff rates. The retention facilities have reached a performance of up to 97% regarding copper elimination.
Quantitative aspects of the Lewis acidity of covalent metal halides and their organo derivatives (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTQuantitative aspects of the Lewis acidity of covalent metal halides and their organo derivativesDerek P. N. Satchell and R. S. SatchellCite this: Chem. Rev. 1969, 69, 3, 251–278Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr60259a001https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60259a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1068Altmetric-Citations106LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Abstract 4344: Biventricular Pacemaker Therapy Corrects Dyssynchrony in Non-Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (2008)

Background. Previous studies have reported dyssynchrony using Tissue Doppler in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). In this study we assessed dyssynchrony using speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) in patients with non-obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy vs a healthy control group and in a subgroup of highly symptomatic patients evaluated the acute effects of biventricular pacing on STE and Tissue Doppler (TDI) derived measures of dyssynchrony. Methods. We studied 48 healthy controls (age 48 ±18yrs, 22 males, LVEF 63 ±5%, QRS 86 ±7ms) and 57 patients with HCM (age 54 ±11yrs, 38 males, LVEF 61 ±7%, QRS 110 ±36ms). A subgroup of 15 symptomatic patients with HCM (Peak VO2&lt;60% predicted) underwent biventricular pacing (age 53 ±12yrs, 12 males, LVEF 61 ±7%, QRS 110 ±32ms). Echocardiography was performed with the pacemaker off (VVi30) and on (DDDR, AV delay 90ms, LV-RV delay 0 – 4ms). Using STE, the standard deviation (SD) in time to peak longitudinal strain (Tϵ-SD), the time to peak longitudinal systolic velocity (Ts) for each of 18 left ventricular segments and the SD of this timing (Ts-SD) was derived. Using TDI dyssynchrony was assessed from the SD of Ts for the basal six segments and the maximum difference in Ts between any two basal segments (Ts-peak[basal]). Results. Using STE, Tϵ-SD (54.99 ±33.61ms vs 24.55 ±21.18ms p&lt;0.001), Ts-SD (71.06 ±32.32ms vs 46.17 ±21.50ms p&lt;0.001) and Ts (155.74 ±23.14ms vs 123.71 ±11.25ms p&lt;0.001) were greater in HCM than in controls. Using STE we demonstrated that biventricular pacing significantly reduced Tϵ-SD and Ts-SD to values similar to those observed in controls (Ts-SD p=0.13). Using TDI we demonstrated that biventricular pacing significantly reduced Ts, Ts-SD, and Ts-peak[basal]. See Table . (All values expressed as mean ±SD) Conclusion. Cardiac resynchronisation therapy significantly reduced dyssynchrony in symptomatic patients with non-obstructive HCM as demonstrated using STE and TDI. Table
Paramétrisation du problème 3x+1 sur la droite réelle : diagramme de phase, renormalisation et intervalles errants (2019)

The 3x + 1 problem, defined on the positive integers, deals with the iterations of the function T(x) = (3x + 1)/2 if x is odd and T(x) = x/2 otherwise. An analytical extension on real numbers has been studied by Chamberland, and later by the authors. We generalize this study on a class of real functions that depend on four parameters, so as to encompass many variants of the 3x + 1 problem. Following a heuristic approach, we obtain a two-dimensional "phase diagram'' characterizing the average asymptotic dynamics (i.e., for almost every real number close to ±∞). In a large part of the parameter space, we establish the average growth rate of real trajectories close to infinity, under a condition of uniform distribution modulo 2. Finally, we describe the intrinsic and extrinsic dynamics close to integers using a renormalization method. This leads us to distinguish four types of wandering intervals.
Competition Dynamics in a Virtual Fund Management System: The Tour de Finance (2007)

This research explores the development of a virtual fund management system to benchmark investment controllers as algorithmic decision processes on live market data. While similar paper-trading competitions exist, the Tour de Finance system is unique in its use of a particular class of dynamical systems as a dynamic rating mechanism to help ensure that the system is fair and rewards real intelligence over dumb luck. A link is provided for those wishing to participate in the Tour by designing controllers to interact with the system as autonomous agents, each managing its own virtual fund.
The Texas Diesel Fuels Project, Part 2: Comparisons of Fuel Consumption and Emissions for a Fuel/Water Emulsion and Conventional Diesel Fuels (2004)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The Texas Department of Transportation began using an emulsified diesel fuel in 2002. They initiated a simultaneous study of the effectiveness of this fuel in comparison to 2D on-road diesel fuel and 2D off-road diesel.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The study included comparisons of fuel economy and emissions for the emulsion, Lubrizol PuriNOx&lt;sup&gt;®&lt;/sup&gt;, relative to conventional diesel fuels. Two engines and eight trucks, four single-axle dump trucks, and four tandem-axle dump trucks were tested. The equipment tested included both older mechanically-controlled diesels and newer electronically-controlled diesels. The two engines were tested over two different cycles that were developed specifically for this project. The dump trucks were tested using the “route” technique over one or the other of two chassis dynamometer cycles that were developed for this project&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In addition to fuel efficiency, emissions of NOx, PM, CO, and HCs were measured. Additionally, second-by-second results were obtained for NOx and HCs. Speciation of the HC emissions was performed for one of the off-road engines operating over two different cycles.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;On average, over all engines and cycles, PuriNOx provided a NOx benefit of about 16%, a fuel efficiency penalty of about 17%, and a PM benefit of about 20%. In general, the NOx benefit and the fuel efficiency penalty were less pronounced for the electronically-controlled diesels. One truck engine/cycle combination was found for which the effect on NOx was not statistically significant at the 95% confidence level. Similarly, two engine/cycle combinations were found for which the effect on PM was not statistically significant, and there was a statistically significant increase in PM for one dump truck. PuriNOx produced significant increases in the emissions of roughly half of the Toxic Air Contaminants evaluated: formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolien, and MEK. PuriNOx did not yield decreased emissions of any TACs.&lt;/div&gt;