gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photosensitized Near-Infrared Luminescence of Yb(III) Complexes Containing Phenanthroline Derivatives (2008)

Near-IR emission of novel Yb(III) complexes with phenanthroline derivertives, bis(phenanthroline)-tris(bis-perfluoromethanesurfonyliminate)ytterbium [Yb(pms)3(phen)2] and dipyridophenazine-tris(bis-perfluoromethanesurfonyliminate)ytterbium [Yb(pms)3(dip)] are studied in dimethylsulfoxide [DMSO-d6]. The emission quantum yields of Yb(pms)3(phen)2 and Yb(pms)3(dipy-phenazine) excited at 940 nm (2F7/2–2F5/2 transition) were found to be 7.4 and 9.1%, respectively. We successfully observed the photosensitized near-infrared emission from the Yb(III) complexes upon excitation of the aromatic ligands. The energy transfer efficiencies of Yb(pms)3(phen)2 and Yb(pms)3(dip) excited at 310 nm (π–π* transition) were evaluated to be 9.1 and 4.0%, respectively.
Engineering Student Self-Assessment through Confidence-Based Scoring. (2015)

A vital aspect of an answer is the confidence that goes along with it. Misstating the level of confidence one has in the answer can have devastating outcomes. However, confidence assessment is rarely emphasized during typical engineering education. The confidence-based scoring method described in this study encourages students to both think about their answers in a different way and to evaluate their confidence in the answer. Each answer is scored based on whether the answer is right or wrong and whether the student is confident or not in that answer. Students generally appreciated the educational value as it made them more self-aware of their understanding. Overall, students were able to accurately assess whether their answer was right or wrong 77% of the time. Average self-assessment generally improved over time, but the degree of improvement varies based on student segments. The method also benefits instructors by indicating the topics that students tend to be less certain of, even if the students are getting the right answers, and identifies students that are either over or under confident.
Issues in the Implementation of a 60GHz Transceiver on CMOS (2007)

The spectrum around 60GHz is available for unlicensed operation in many regulatory domains including the USA, Japan, Canada and Australia. One of the applications of this spectrum is for short range communication systems. These systems are designed to deliver gigabit speeds, consuming small amount of power in small form factor. The small factor is achieved because passive components scale with carrier frequency and at 60GHz components such as: transmit receive filters, passives and antennas are candidates for inclusion on the die. Integrating RF, mixed signal and digital components is another important step towards reducing system cost and form factor. In order to achieve low cost and high digital integration CMOS is the process of choice. Unfortunately compared to other much more expensive processes such as SiGe and GaAs, CMOS has greater process variability, lower carrier mobility constants, and smaller device breakdown voltages all of which make millimeter wave RF design particularly challenging. In this paper we outline the issues in the implementation of a Gigabit per second 60GHz Transceiver-on-Chip using CMOS.
Perovskite formation by B-site precursor method and dielectric characteristics of Pb[Mg1/3(Ta,Nb)2/3]O3ceramic system (1998)

Abstract Phase-pure perovskite powders of Pb(Mg1/3Ta2/3)O3-Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3(PMT-PMN) system were prepared through a B-site precursor route. Maximum dielectric constants and Curie temperatures (@1kHz) of PMT and PMN were 8,700 and 20,000 at -85° and -5°C, respectively. Both PMT and PMN showed relaxor behaviours. Diffuse characters of dielectric constant spectra in the paraelectric region were thoroughly explored. Key Words: B-site precursor methodPb(Mg1/3Ta2/3)O3 (PMT)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 (PMN)dielectric constantCurie temperaturediffuseness coefficient
Single-cell Raman microscopy with machine learning highlights distinct biochemical features of neutrophil extracellular traps and necrosis (2023)

The defining biology that distinguishes neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) from other forms of cell death is unresolved, and techniques which unambiguously identify NETs remain elusive. Raman scattering measurement provides a holistic overview of cell molecular composition based on characteristic bond vibrations in components such as lipids and proteins. We collected Raman spectra from NETs and freeze/thaw necrotic cells using a custom built high-throughput platform which is able to rapidly measure spectra from single cells. Principal component analysis of Raman spectra from NETs clearly distinguished them from necrotic cells despite their similar morphology, demonstrating their fundamental molecular differences. In contrast, classical techniques used for NET analysis, immunofluorescence microscopy, extracellular DNA, and ELISA, could not differentiate these cells. Additionally, machine learning analysis of Raman spectra indicated subtle differences in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced as opposed to phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-induced NETs, demonstrating the molecular composition of NETs varies depending on the stimulant used. This study demonstrates the benefits of Raman microscopy in discriminating NETs from other types of cell death and by their pathway of induction.
Teaching Online: Changing Models of Teaching and Learning in LEEP (2001)

Linda C. Smith, Sarai Lastraand, Jennifer Robins, Teaching Online: Changing Models of Teaching and Learning in LEEP, Journal of Education for Library and Information Science, Vol. 42, No. 4 (Fall, 2001), pp. 348-363
Wellenausbreitung (1979)

ZusammenfassungDa bei der Nachrichtenübertragung, von Sonderfällen abgesehen, die Entfernung zwischen Sender und Empfänger sehr groß gegenüber der Wellenlänge ist, wird der Ausbreitungsvorgang durch das Fernfeld bestimmt (s. Abschn. 6.1). Die hier auftretende den Energietransport übernehmende ebene elektromagnetische Welle mit Gleichphasigkeit von elektrischer Feldstärke E und magnetischer Feldstärke H wird einer punktförmigen Strahlungsquelle zugeordnet.
Dialog Simulation with Realistic Variations for Training Goal-Oriented Conversational Systems (2020)

Goal-oriented dialog systems enable users to complete specific goals like requesting information about a movie or booking a ticket. Typically the dialog system pipeline contains multiple ML models, including natural language understanding, state tracking and action prediction (policy learning). These models are trained through a combination of supervised or reinforcement learning methods and therefore require collection of labeled domain specific datasets. However, collecting annotated datasets with language and dialog-flow variations is expensive, time-consuming and scales poorly due to human involvement. In this paper, we propose an approach for automatically creating a large corpus of annotated dialogs from a few thoroughly annotated sample dialogs and the dialog schema. Our approach includes a novel goal-sampling technique for sampling plausible user goals and a dialog simulation technique that uses heuristic interplay between the user and the system (Alexa), where the user tries to achieve the sampled goal. We validate our approach by generating data and training three different downstream conversational ML models. We achieve 18 ? 50% relative accuracy improvements on a held-out test set compared to a baseline dialog generation approach that only samples natural language and entity value variations from existing catalogs but does not generate any novel dialog flow variations. We also qualitatively establish that the proposed approach is better than the baseline. Moreover, several different conversational experiences have been built using this method, which enables customers to have a wide variety of conversations with Alexa.
Regulation of Rot Expression in Staphylococcus aureus (2007)

Repressor of toxins (Rot) is known to be a global regulator of virulence gene expression in Staphylococcus aureus. The function of Rot, but not the transcription of rot, is regulated by the staphylococcal accessory gene regulator (Agr) quorum-sensing system. In addition, the alternative sigma factor (sigma(B)) has a repressive effect on rot expression during the postexponential phase of growth. The transcriptional profiles of Rot in sigma(B)-positive and sigma(B)-negative strains in the postexponential and stationary phases of growth were compared. An upregulation of rot expression was observed during the stationary phase of growth, and this upregulation occurred in a sigma(B)-dependent manner. The effects of other staphylococcal transcriptional factors were also investigated. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays revealed that proteins present in staphylococcal lysates retarded the mobility of the rot promoter fragment and that the effect was reduced, but not eliminated, with lysates from strains lacking a functional SarS protein. A modest upregulation of rot expression was also observed in sarS-negative strains. Affinity purification of proteins binding to the rot promoter fragment, followed by N-terminal protein sequencing, identified the SarA and SarR proteins. Primer extension analysis of the rot promoter revealed a number of discreet products. However, these RNA species were not associated with identifiable promoter activity and likely represented RNA breakdown products. Loss of Rot function during the postexponential phase of growth likely involves degradation of the rot mRNA but not the inhibition of rot transcription.
Heterogeneous integration of visible AlGaInP andinfrared AlInGaAs lasers withGaN-based light sources (1999)

Arrays of integrated red, infrared and blue light emitters fabricated using wafer fusion of GaAs-based laser structures to GaN-based light-emitting diode (LED) heterostructures are demonstrated. Successful operation of red and infrared lasers fused to functioning GaN LEDs has been achieved. Infrared, AlGaInAs QW lasers (4 × 500 µm) operating with a threshold current (Ith) of 40 mA and external differential quantum efficiency (ηd) of 11.5%/facet at ~821 nm are shown. Red, GaInP QW lasers (4 × 500 µm) operating with an Ith of 118 mA and ηd of 18.7%/facet at ~660 nm are also shown. The adjacent InGaN/GaN LED emits at 446 nm.
Information Technology for Management: Improving Quality and Productivity (1996)

Hormonal control of metabolic rate can be important in regulating the imbalance between energy intake and expenditure that underlies the development of obesity. In mice fed a high-fat diet, human fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) increased metabolic rate [1.53 +/- 0.06 liters O(2)/h.kg(0.75) (vehicle) vs. 1.93 +/- 0.05 liters O(2)/h.kg(0.75) (FGF19); P < 0.001] and decreased respiratory quotient [0.82 +/- 0.01 (vehicle) vs. 0.80 +/- 0.01 (FGF19); P < 0.05]. In contrast to the vehicle-treated mice that gained weight (0.14 +/- 0.05 g/mouse.d), FGF19-treated mice lost weight (-0.13 +/- 0.03 g/mouse.d; P < 0.001) without a significant change in food intake. Furthermore, in addition to a reduction in weight gain, treatment with FGF19 prevented or reversed the diabetes that develops in mice made obese by genetic ablation of brown adipose tissue or genetic absence of leptin. To explore the mechanisms underlying the FGF19-mediated increase in metabolic rate, we profiled the FGF19-induced gene expression changes in the liver and brown fat. In brown adipose tissue, chronic exposure to FGF19 led to a gene expression profile that is consistent with activation of this tissue. We also found that FGF19 acutely increased liver expression of the leptin receptor (1.8-fold; P < 0.05) and decreased the expression of acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase 2 (0.6-fold; P < 0.05). The gene expression changes were consistent with the experimentally determined increase in fat oxidation and decrease in liver triglycerides. Thus, FGF19 is able to increase metabolic rate concurrently with an increase in fatty acid oxidation.
Activation of a Latent Epitope Causing Differential Binding of Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies to Proteinase 3 (2019)

Abstract Objective Proteinase 3 (PR3) is the major antigen for anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs) in the systemic autoimmune vasculitis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA). PR3 anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (PR3-ANCAs) recognize different epitopes on PR3. We aimed to study the effect of mutations on PR3 antigenicity. Methods The recombinant PR3 variants, iPR3 which is clinically used to detect PR3-ANCAs and iHm5 which contains three point mutations in Epitope 1 and 5 generated for epitope mapping studies, immunoassays and serum samples from patients enrolled in ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) clinical trials were used to screen the differential PR3-ANCA binding. Selective binding was determined by inhibition experiments. Results Rather than a reduced binding of PR3-ANCAs to iHm5, we found substantially increased binding of the majority of PR3-ANCAs to iHm5 compared with iPR3. A monoclonal ANCA (moANCA518) from a patient with GPA was found to selectively bind to iHm5 within the mutation-free Epitope 3 and distant from the point mutations of iHm5 contained in Epitope 1 and 5. Binding of iPR3 to monoclonal antibody MCPR3-2 also induced recognition by moANCA518. Conclusion The preferential binding of PR3-ANCAs from patients like the selective binding of moANCA518 to iHm5 is conferred by increased antigenicity of Epitope 3 on iHm5. This can also be induced on iPR3 when it is captured by monoclonal antibody MCPR-2. This previously unrecognized characteristic of PR3-ANCA interactions with its target antigen has implications for studying antibody-mediated autoimmune diseases, understanding of variable performance characteristics of immunoassays and design of potential novel treatment approaches.
Hierarchical video coding scheme with scalability and compatibility (1994)

Abstract In this paper, functional requirements for the MPEG 2 coding method are presented and, as an implementation method of these requirements, a hierarchical video coding scheme is proposed. In the proposed coding method, the prediction efficiency is increased by introducing spatial prediction in addition to temporal prediction as used in the MPEG 1 coding method. The hierarchical scheme is also characterized by the following features. (1) The input format is an output device‐independent noninterlaced video; (2) the coder has a hierarchical structure that permits the resolution level to be selected by the user; (3) by means of a small number of operations and a wide compensation area, the coder gives a motion‐detection method which detects motion vectors of each layer and a coding method of motion vectors; and (4) the proposed coding system introduces the use of down/up sampling processes with no phase distortion. Furthermore, the coding data description method is realized as an extension of that used by MPEG 1 and thus retains the compatibility. Simulation experiments show that this coding method satisfies the functional requirements without any obvious decrease in coding efficiency.
Grain boundary diffusivity of Ni in Au thin films and the associated degradation in electrical contact resistance due to surface oxide film formation (2013)

The low temperature diffusion from a nickel strike layer through varying thickness films of gold, a common electrical contact overlayer, was characterized and correlated to changes in electrical contact resistance (ECR). The diffusivity of Ni in Au was determined by the surface accumulation method (type C kinetics) for Au film thicknesses of 280 and 994 nm at an annealing temperature of 150 °C over a 32 day period. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to determine the rate of Ni surface accumulation. The average product of grain boundary width and diffusivity for Ni in polycrystalline Au was calculated to be δbDb≅2.0 × 10−22cm3s using the Hwang-Balluffi model, and δbDb≅2.5×10−22cm3s using the Ma-Balluffi model. ECR measurements were made in parallel to surface accumulation measurements, revealing a correlation between ECR and Ni-O surface concentration; ECR values for both film thicknesses increased by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude at saturation coverage. Film cross-sections were extracted using focused ion beam milling and analyzed via scanning transmission electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy after 32 days of annealing, enabling a direct observation of the composition and thickness of the accumulated Ni-O layer, which was approximately 3 nm thick.
The role of dealers in electronic markets: Empirical insights from online auctions (2006)

This study examines the impact of intermediaries (dealers) in online Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C) market. Online C2C transactions, such as the Internet auctions on eBay, are one of the most successful forms of electronic commerce (e-commerce). It has been suggested by many scholars that the Internet or electronic markets will eliminate intermediaries by lowering search cost and allowing direct and efficient interactions between sellers and buyers. However, a close examination of the market mechanism indicates that many functions provided by intermediaries are indispensable. Specifically, we consider intermediariesâ role in price discovery and trust building in electronic markets. Intermediaries provide a buffer for temporary misalignment between supply and demand by buying low and selling high, which provides product liquidity to buyers and sellers in online markets. Intermediaries also help build trust by engaging in transactions with risk-averse buyers and sellers who otherwise will not participate in the market. Using a dataset from eBayâs online auctions, we examine empirically these two functions in online C2C auction markets. We find that the presence of dealers has a significant impact on market liquidity, resulting in more successful trades and higher auction prices. In addition, we find that dealers are more likely to engage in transactions with less established sellers. Their presence reduces the reputation penalty faced by these players and further facilitates the success of auctions.
Searchable symmetric encryption: Improved definitions and efficient constructions (2011)

Searchable symmetric encryption (SSE) allows a party to outsource the storage of his data to another party in a private manner, while maintaining the ability to selectively search over it. This problem has been the focus of active research and several security definitions and constructions have been proposed. In this paper we begin by reviewing existing notions of security and propose new and stronger security definitions. We then present two constructions that we show secure under our new definitions. Interestingly, in addition to satisfying stronger security guarantees, our constructions are more efficient than all previous constructions. Further, prior work on SSE only considered the setting where only the owner of the data is capable of submitting search queries. We consider the natural extension where an arbitrary group of parties other than the owner can submit search queries. We formally define SSE in this multi-user setting, and present an efficient construction.
A 183 GHz low noise amplifier module with 5.5 dB noise figure for the conical-scanning microwave imager sounder (CMIS) program (2002)

We present the development of a low noise amplifier (LNA) module which demonstrates gain >24 dB and noise figure (NF)<5.5 dB at 183 GHz. Our previous results reported NF<8.3 dB [1], This improvement was achieved by inserting a single-ended microwave monolithic integrated circuit (MMIC) LNA utilizing TRW's 0.08 /spl mu/m gate InP MMIC technology. This paper discusses the development of the new MMIC LNA, reviews the previous results and presents the new data that was obtained,.
ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2022: Stages of type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents (2022)

The authors have declared no conflicts of interest. The peer review history for this article is available at https://publons.com/publon/10.1111/pedi.13410. Data sharing not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.
Endovascular treatment vs. intravenous thrombolysis alone for ischaemic stroke: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (2016)

In patients with acute ischaemic stroke, endovascular treatment is a safe and more effective strategy than intravenous thrombolysis alone.
Design and Construction of a New Partial Foot Prosthesis Based on High-Pressure Points in a Patient with Diabetes with Transmetatarsal Amputation: A Technical Note (2018)

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Diabetic foot ulcers are significant complications of diabetes that can lead to amputation. Partial foot prostheses can be used to redistribute the plantar pressure on the residual limb to alleviate local pressures. The aim of this study was to describe the fabrication of an original silicone foot prosthesis that provided an improved functional outcome for a patient with a transmetatarsal amputation due to diabetes. METHODS High-pressure areas on the foot were identified using Force-Sensing Resistor sensors. During prosthetic fabrication, silicone with low shore was injected in these areas. Different silicone stiffness was used to reduce pressure accordingly. The silicone injection was achieved in two stages, using cast formers and wax. DISCUSSION The bespoke method of fabrication used in this study and the use of various levels of silicone stiffness provided a highly cosmetic prosthesis that offered improved pressure distribution.
Effects of dairy consumption on SIRT1 and mitochondrial biogenesis in adipocytes and muscle cells (2011)

These data indicate that dairy consumption leads to systemic effects, which may promote mitochondrial biogenesis in key target tissues such as muscle and adipose tissue both by direct activation of SIRT1 as well as by SIRT1-independent pathways.
Colossal magnetoresistance (1997)

We review recent experimental work falling under the broad classification of colossal magnetoresistance (CMR), which is magnetoresistance associated with a ferromagnetic-to-paramagnetic phase transition. The prototypical CMR compound is derived from the parent compound, perovskite . When hole doped at a concentration of 20 - 40% holes/Mn ion, for instance by Ca or Sr substitution for La, the material displays a transition from a high-temperature paramagnetic insulator to a low-temperature ferromagnetic metal. Near the phase transition temperature, which can exceed room temperature in some compositions, large magnetoresistance is observed and its possible application in magnetic recording has revived interest in these materials. In addition, unusual magneto-elastic effects and charge ordering have focused attention on strong electron - phonon coupling. This coupling, which is a type of dynamic extended-system version of the Jahn - Teller effect, in conjunction with the double-exchange interaction, is also viewed as essential for a microscopic description of CMR in the manganite perovskites. Large magnetoresistance is also seen in other systems, namely and some Cr chalcogenide spinels, compounds which differ greatly from the manganite perovskites. We describe the relevant points of contrast between the various CMR materials.
Comparison of the Distribution of Tobramycin and Gentamicin in Body Fluids of Dogs (1974)

Tobramycin serum, thoracic lymph, renal lymph, and urine concentrations were measured in mongrel dogs after intravenously administered 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg doses. These were compared with intravenous gentamicin delivered at 5 and 20 mg/kg. Both drugs achieved similar concentrations in serum and thoracic lymph. At 20 mg/kg, tobramycin showed consistently higher renal lymph and urine concentrations than gentamicin. At 5 mg of tobramycin per kg, renal lymph and urine concentrations were higher than with gentamicin only within the 1st h after administration. Thereafter the difference was no longer significant. These data suggest that on the basis of distribution in the body fluids of dogs, tobramycin is a reasonable alternative to gentamicin.