gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Methane Oxidation on Perovskite‐Type Ca(Mn 1− x Ti x )O 3−δ (2007)

X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy was performed to elucidate the catalytic activity of CH 4 oxidation on perovskite‐type Ca(Mn 1− x Ti x )O 3−δ synthesized at 1173 K in a flow of oxygen from a gel with citric acid and ethylene glycol. The Mn ion content decreases and the ratio of the Mn 3+ ion in the Mn ion increases with increases in x . Ca(Mn 1− x Ti x )O 3−δ has a high catalytic activity of CH 4 oxidation at x =0.4. These results indicate that the catalytic activity strongly depends on the Mn 3+ ion content of the surface.
Persistency of excitation and richness in continuous-time piecewise linear systems (2002)

This article addresses the necessary and sufficient conditions for identifiability in an interval for a class of continuous-time piecewise linear systems. These include common requirements of sufficient richness of the input, and demand it to force state trajectories to intersect all divisory boundaries of the geometric domain.
Cell‐type specific induction of tryptophan hydroxylase‐2 transcription by calcium mobilization (2007)

Alterations in brain serotonin levels are implicated in major depression and are regulated by tryptophan hydroxylase-2 (TPH2). To study its regulation, we measured TPH2 RNA by quantitative RT-PCR in differentiated serotonergic rat raphe RN46A and GH4C1 pituitary cells, which express TPH2. Upon calcium mobilization using KCl (40 mmol/L), TPH2 RNA was rapidly (1 h) and strongly (> 10-fold) induced in differentiated RN46A cells, but not in GH4C1 cells. This effect was blocked by actinomycin D, implicating transcriptional activation. Similarly, calcium ionophore ionomycin induced TPH2 RNA by threefold in RN46A cells. To address the promoter sites involved, the transcription start site was identified and a series of TATA-containing TPH2 promoter-luciferase constructs were analyzed. In differentiated RN46A cells, the TPH2 promoter was induced 2.5-fold by ionomycin, similar to its action on TPH2 RNA. By contrast, ionomycin had no effect on TPH2 promoter activity in GH4C1 cells or TPH2-negative L6 myoblasts. Ionomycin sensitivity was localized to within 88 bp of the start site, containing putative CCATT-enhancer binding protein element, activator protein-1 and -2 (AP-1, AP-2) elements. These results are the first to identify calcium-mediated regulation of the proximal TPH2 promoter as critical for cell-specific TPH2 expression.
Alarmin IL-33 Acts as an Immunoadjuvant to Enhance Antigen-Specific Tumor Immunity (2014)

Studies of interleukin (IL)-33 reveal a number of pleiotropic properties. Here, we report that IL-33 has immunoadjuvant effects in a human papilloma virus (HPV)-associated model for cancer immunotherapy where cell-mediated immunity is critical for protection. Two biologically active isoforms of IL-33 exist that are full-length or mature, but the ability of either isoform to function as a vaccine adjuvant that influences CD4 T helper 1 or CD8 T-cell immune responses is not defined. We showed that both IL-33 isoforms are capable of enhancing potent antigen-specific effector and memory T-cell immunity in vivo in a DNA vaccine setting. In addition, although both IL-33 isoforms drove robust IFN-γ responses, neither elevated secretion of IL-4 or immunoglobulin E levels. Further, both isoforms augmented vaccine-induced antigen-specific polyfunctional CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell responses, with a large proportion of CD8(+) T cells undergoing plurifunctional cytolytic degranulation. Therapeutic studies indicated that vaccination with either IL-33 isoform in conjunction with an HPV DNA vaccine caused rapid and complete regressions in vivo. Moreover, IL-33 could expand the magnitude of antigen-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses and elicit effector-memory CD8(+) T cells. Taken together, our results support the development of these IL-33 isoforms as immunoadjuvants in vaccinations against pathogens, including in the context of antitumor immunotherapy.
The Relationship Between HIV Infection and Cardiovascular Disease (2008)

Over 30 million people are currently living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and over 2 million new infections occur per year. HIV has been found to directly affect vascular biology resulting in an increased risk of cardiovascular disease compared to uninfected persons. Although HIV infection can now be treated effectively with combination antiretroviral medications, significant toxicities such as hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and excess cardiovascular co-morbidity; as well as the potential for significant drug-drug interactions between HIV and cardiovascular medications, present new challenges for the management of persons infected with HIV. We first review basic principles of HIV pathogenesis and treatment and then discuss relevant clinical management strategies that will be useful for cardiologists who might be involved in the care of HIV infected patients.
Síntese de cerâmicas nanoestruturadas híbridas (2009)

Nos últimos anos materiais com propriedades híbridas têm sido muito estudados, um exemplo é a compatibilização de cerâmicas em matrizes poliméricas. Neste trabalho, foi estudada uma metodologia para criar funcionalidades em nanomateriais por intermédio da síntese e modificação da superfície de cerâmicas (TiO2 e SiO2) e compósitos (Tio2/Ag e SiO2/Ag). Inicialmente foi estudada a reação entre o 3-aminopropiltrietoxisilano (APS) e nanopartículas comerciais de TiO2 e SiO2, em que os resultaados e espectroscopia na região do infra-vermelho (IV) e análise elementar de carbono (CHN) mostraram que a reação entre o siloxano e as partículas ocorre, formando um híbrido. Em seguida foram realizadas sínteses pelo método sol-gel dos óxidos e dos compósitos de TiO2/Ag e SiO2/Ag e ambos foram funcionalizados com siloxano. O APS foi introduzido na reação posteriormente a formação das partículas gerando um material híbrido. Os resultados de IV ilustram que todos os materiais foram funcionalizados, pois ilustravam as absorções em aproximadamente 1600 e 3000 cm-1, atribuídos ao estiramento da ligação CH2-NH@. A funcionallização foi fundamenetal para que filmes de TiO2/APS pudessem ser aplicados por dip-coating em superfícies de vidros a 150 gráus C, com excelente propriedades self-clean, determinadas pela degradação da Rodamina B. Os nanocompósitos de SiO2/Ag com APS apresentaram propriedades bactericidas segundo a norma JIS Z 2801 quando aplicado na forma de filmes finos em superfície de vidro ou incorporado em matriz polimérica de polipropileno.
A Single Centerʼs Experience with EUS Surveillance of Gastric GISTs (2008)

Figure: Gastric GIST.Purpose: To assess interval size change and management recommendations of gastric GISTs from index to surveillance EUS Methods: A retrospective chart review of all EUS for presumed gastric GISTs was performed at Duke University Medical Center. Patients with at least one surveillance EUS performed during January 1, 2000 to November 1, 2007 were included. The following EUS findings were recorded: length of follow up, interval size change, use/yield of FNA, and number of exams. For each tumor, the width (x) and length (y) were used to calculate a cross sectional area [πxy (mm2)]. Results: Forty-five patients underwent at least one surveillance EUS for a presumed gastric GIST. The average time interval between index EUS and first surveillance was 16.53 months (±12.97); range 1–59 months. Patients underwent an average of 2.44 (±0.69) procedures within the 7 year interval. FNA was performed in 31.1% patients with a diagnostic yield of 50%: GIST (57.1%), leiomyoma (28.6%) and foveolar hyperplasia (14.3%). Surgical resection was recommended in 4 patients: increase in size on surveillance imaging (2), bleeding (1), referring surgeon's opinion (1). One patient elected for surgical excision. To date, two of the 5 patients have undergone resection. The presence of a GIST was confirmed by FNA in only on 1 of the surgically resected tumors. The tumor size on the surgical pathology specimens demonstrated similar measurements in comparison to the prior EUS measurements. The range in cross sectional area of the presumed GIST on index EUS was 220 mm2–1105 mm2. Twenty-five GISTS (55.6%) increased in size [average increase in size 59.8 mm2 (30.9%)] after an average of 20.8 months between index and surveillance EUS. Stability in size was detected in 15.6% of patients and surveillance was discontinued. Conclusion: In this small retrospective study, EUS was frequently utilized in the surveillance of presumed gastric GISTs. When performed, FNA had a poor diagnostic yield. Gastric GISTs are more likely to increase in size than remain stable through a surveillance interval. Continued surveillance of GISTs is recommended, however the optimal intervals remain unclear. Prospective studies are required and should be the focus of future investigation.
An improved iris recognition system based on Gabor filters (2009)

An improved iris recognition system based on even symmetry Gabor wavelet is proposed in this paper. In iris image preprocess, an effective segmentation and eyelids occlusion detection approach are introduced. During recognition, only the imaginary part of complex 2-D Gabor filter is used in coding for shorter code length but without affecting the recognition performance. A simple effective filter parameters selection scheme is proposed at the same time. Experimental results on CASIA1.0 and ICE 2005 databases clearly demonstrate that our improved methods can achieve highly accurate iris recognition with a short code length.
New micromethod to study the effect of antimicrobial agents on Toxoplasma gondii: comparison of sulfadoxine and sulfadiazine individually and in combination with pyrimethamine and study of clindamycin, metronidazole, and cyclosporin A (1984)

An in vitro method by which reagents, cells, and Toxoplasma gondii trophozoites are conserved (micromethod) was developed to quantitate the effect of antimicrobial agents on T. gondii. Sulfadoxine alone had no effect on T. gondii in vitro when evaluated with a macromethod, the new micromethod, or visual inspection of Giemsa-stained preparations. Sulfadoxine combined with pyrimethamine inhibited T. gondii more than did pyrimethamine alone, but the combination of sulfadoxine plus pyrimethamine was slightly less active than was the combination of sulfadiazine plus pyrimethamine. Neither clindamycin nor metronidazole, alone or in combination with sulfadiazine or pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine, had any effect on intracellular T. gondii. Brief exposure (10 min before and during challenge) to clindamycin had no effect on extracellular T. gondii when clindamycin was studied alone or with sulfadiazine or pyrimethamine plus sulfadiazine. Cyclosporin A inhibited T. gondii replication at concentrations of ca. greater than or equal to 2 micrograms/ml.
Fc receptor-targeted vaccines: an adjuvant-independent approach for mucosal vaccination against intracellular and extracellular mucosal pathogens (P4290) (2013)

Abstract We previously demonstrated that immunization with inactivated Francisella tularensis, a Category A intracellular mucosal pathogen, combined with anti-F. tularensis mAb, enhances protection against F. tularensis challenge. We thus sought to determine the mechanism(s) involved, and if this strategy is compatible with recombinant vaccine technology. We found that inactivated F. tularensis combined with F. tularensis-specific mAb extends immunogen presentation to T cells via FcγR-mediated Ag persistence, enhances transport of immunogen to the NALT, increases recruitment of DCs to the lung, and increases the number of CD4 and IFN-γ producing effector memory T cells. Utilizing an extracellular infectious disease model (S. pneumoniae), we also demonstrate this strategy can be applied as a recombinant fusion protein composed of the immunogen PspA targeted to human FcγRI (constitutively expressed on DCs and macrophages). Furthermore, traditional adjuvant is not required to enhance protection in either vaccine model. In summary, for the first time, we utilize an established mucosal vaccine protection model to identify mechanisms involved in FcR-enhanced mucosal immunity. We also demonstrate this strategy is effective against both intracellular and extracellular mucosal pathogens and is compatible with the use of recombinant vaccine technology. These studies thus establish the broad applicability of FcR-targeted immunogens as an effective adjuvant-independent mucosal vaccine platform.
Effects of the cell geometry and operating parameters on the performance of an external contactless conductivity detector for microchip electrophoresis (2005)

Quantitative data on the effect of the electrode geometry on the signal strength and the signal-to-noise ratio is given. The measurements are affected by the unavoidable presence of stray capacitance. Best results are achieved for short and narrow electrodes arranged in an antiparallel configuration and separated by a minimal gap, which determines the dimensions of the actual detection volume. Limits of detection between 150 and 250 microg l(-1) and separation efficiencies from 13,000 to 17,000 theoretical plates were achieved for six inorganic cations (NH(4)(+), K(+), Ca(2+), Na(+), Mg(2+)and Li(+)) with electrodes of 1 mm width and a detection gap of 0.5 mm (separation channel length: 7.5 cm) when operating the detector at 20 V(pp) and 500 kHz. The analyses of all major inorganic cations in tap and rain water samples were demonstrated for the first time in microchip electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection.
Security and Cost-Aware Computation Offloading via Deep Reinforcement Learning in Mobile Edge Computing (2019)

With the explosive growth of mobile applications, mobile devices need to be equipped with abundant resources to process massive and complex mobile applications. However, mobile devices are usually resource-constrained due to their physical size. Fortunately, mobile edge computing, which enables mobile devices to offload computation tasks to edge servers with abundant computing resources, can significantly meet the ever-increasing computation demands from mobile applications. Nevertheless, offloading tasks to the edge servers are liable to suffer from external security threats (e.g., snooping and alteration). Aiming at this problem, we propose a security and cost-aware computation offloading (SCACO) strategy for mobile users in mobile edge computing environment, the goal of which is to minimize the overall cost (including mobile device’s energy consumption, processing delay, and task loss probability) under the risk probability constraints. Specifically, we first formulate the computation offloading problem as a Markov decision process (MDP). Then, based on the popular deep reinforcement learning approach, deep Q-network (DQN), the optimal offloading policy for the proposed problem is derived. Finally, extensive experimental results demonstrate that SCACO can achieve the security and cost efficiency for the mobile user in the mobile edge computing environment.
An empirical comparison of methods to support QoS-aware service selection (2010)

Run-time binding is an important and useful feature of Service Oriented Architectures (SOA), which aims at selecting, among functionally equivalent services, the ones that optimize some QoS objective of the overall application. To this aim, it is particularly relevant to forecast the QoS a service will likely exhibit in future invocations.
Tumorspheres cultured from circulating epithelial tumor cells (CETCs) as diagnostic marker in patients with solid cancers. (2014)

11043 Background: Metastatic disease is a serious threat and the most common cause of cancer-associated death in patients with solid tumors. The presence of CETCs is closely related to tumor metastasis, but it is still unclear whether all CETCs are capable to proliferate and generate metastasis. Therefore we investigated their proliferative capacity by analyzing the frequency of tumorsphere formation with subsequent phenotypic characterization of the tumorspheres arising in patients with solid tumors. Methods: 37 patients with solid cancer and early metastatic disease and detectable CETCs were enrolled in the present study. 10 patients had breast, 10 colorectal, 10 prostate and 7 lung cancer. CETCs were determined using the maintrac method and the CETCs were cultured in suspension culture in the context of the other white blood cells allowing for epithelial sphere formation. Cell viability, stem cell marker expression and ALDH 1 activity was evaluated by fluorescence scanning microscope (Olympus Scan R). Results: Sphere formation was observed in 90 %, 90 %, 80 % and 85.7 % of patients with breast, colorectal, prostate and lung cancer, respectively. Among solid cancer patients the number of tumor spheres increased significantly with tumor progression, especially with development of distant metastasis. The selectivity for distant metastasis of the area under ROC curve for the number of tumorspheres was 0.72 (p < 0.02). Five or more tumorspheres grouped metastatic disease with a sensitivity and specificity of 88.2 % and 75 %, respectively. Analysis of surface marker expression profile of tumorspheres showed that tumorspheres cultured from CETCs had typical phenotype of cancer stem cells and tumorspheres in patients with breast cancer possessed a high enzymatic activity for ALDH 1 with the ALDEFLUOR assay. There was no sphere formation in 20 healthy donors. Conclusions: Here, we describe for the first time the identification of CETCs which are capable of forming tumorspheres with proliferative activity and stem cell characteristics. This may contribute to the design of tools for early detection of progression and treatment in solid cancer.
Design of MMIC LNA for 1.9 GHz CDMA portable communication (2002)

This work describes an on-chip matching MMIC LNA which was optimized for noise figure by careful selection of FET size, bias, and thorough consideration of its gamma opt and Rn characteristics. A new in-house developed inductor model and real-world extracted EEFET3 model are employed in order to assure accurate simulation. A source peaking technique is used to lower input return loss. The developed on-chip matching LNA shows strong robustness that makes it easy to fabricate with the existing 0.5 /spl mu/m GaAs MESFET process. Its low current consumption (3.2 mA) and high linearity (P/sub in 1 dB/=-8 dBm, I IP3=7.6 dBm, ACPR=-70 dBc) also make it suitable for CDMA portable wireless communication.
Polarimetric Decomposition Over Glacier Ice Using Long-Wavelength Airborne PolSAR (2010)

In recent years, there has been increased interest in using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) to study and monitor glaciers and ice sheets for glaciological and climate change research. However, due to the medium's complexity, SAR backscattering from ice remains poorly understood, including the relative importance of scattering from surface and volume layers and also dependences on frequency and glacier zone. Extreme weather conditions can result in quickly changing surface conditions influencing backscatter signatures while leaving the underlying volume of interest unchanged. Surface and volume components must thus be separated in order to infer information regarding the properties of the ice volume. This paper describes a three-component scattering model to decompose polarimetric SAR (PolSAR) images of glacier ice. Total backscatter is modeled as the incoherent summation of surface, volume, and sastrugi (wind-induced feature) components. The proposed model adapts and extends the Freeman and Durden decomposition for an ice volume scenario in which the volume is a dielectric medium. Forms of the model for both random and oriented volumes are considered, and a new oriented sastrugi component is introduced which is able to explain backscatter behavior between different winter scenes. Validation is performed with airborne PolSAR data at L- and P-band collected using the E-SAR system of the German Aerospace Center over the Austfonna ice cap in Svalbard, Norway, as part of the ICESAR campaign.
Capping of Living Polystyryl Cations with Ditolylethylene:  Model Reactions with Dimeric Cations (1999)

The addition reaction of 1,1-di-p-tolylethylene (DTE) to dimeric styryl living ends (diSt+) in conjunction with TiCl4 was investigated in 70:30 CHCl3−CH2Cl2 (v:v) at −75 °C using on-line visible spectroscopy. This solvent composition and temperature was shown to be well suited for the polymerization of styrene since termination and chain transfer reactions could not be detected up to close to complete monomer conversion. The monoaddition of DTE to diSt+ (i.e., capping) was found to be relatively fast and quantitative. The absorption maximum and the molar extinction coefficient of the DTE capped dimeric styryl cation (diStDTE+) were determined to be λmax = 467 nm and εmax = 47 000 M-1 cm-1 respectively. Although operational, direct initiation is much slower than capping, and the kinetics of capping is unaffected. The apparent rate constant for capping was determined to be 152 M-3 s-1. Retroaddition was not observed when the temperature was raised to −50 °C. However, at −50 °C, the diStDTE+ underwent a slow decomposition by proton elimination.
A system of UAV application in indoor environment (2016)

In recent years, there has been an increased demand in the use of multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in indoor environments such as material handling task in a manufacturing environment and plant/environment monitoring task in a greenhouse. However, there is a lack of work reported on this topic. This paper presents a detailed study on several UAV systems and UAV scheduling systems. It is followed by a proposed system of UAV application in indoor environment, which comprises components of UAV system addressed in detail; focused on scheduler as the heart of operations. Consequently, system architecture of UAV scheduling system is presented and the framework of scheduler component is included. Scheduler component works in a phased manner to provide a systematic abstraction and achieve an efficient computation time. This study serves as a reference guide for UAV application in indoor environment.
InnovationXchange: A case study in innovation intermediation (2011)

Knowledge intermediation can create otherwise unobtainable value when potentially profitable knowledge combinations do not occur because the search costs required to discover them are too high and/or the risks and costs of opportunistic behavior prevents the knowledge disclosure required to identify and/or pursue them. Based on a case study of the Australian operation of the InnovationXchange (IXC), an innovation intermediary, this paper identifies three sets of core intermediation competences – network spanning capability, organizational memory and credibility and skills as a mediator. It describes the practices employed by IXC to develop and sustain these capabilities, enabling it to: (1) search for and match partners and facilitate knowledge sharing across geographical, industry and disciplinary boundaries at lower cost and more effectively than its clients can do on their own; and to (2) mitigate risks of opportunistic behavior, IP contamination and reputational damage that prevent agents from engaging in direct contact. The study provides new insights regarding the organizational capabilities required for successful knowledge brokering, and regarding the types of situations where knowledge intermediaries can provide value by facilitating combinations of knowledge that might otherwise go undetected. The results raise some intriguing issues for future research regarding the mechanisms at work when bridging the thought worlds of different industries, functions and disciplines lacking common cognitive schema, vocabularies and priorities.