gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Demo (2012)

We propose UnLoc [1], an unsupervised indoor localization scheme that bypasses the need for war-driving. Our key observation is that certain locations in an indoor environment present an identifiable signature on one or more sensing dimensions. An elevator, for instance, imposes a distinct pattern on a smartphone's accelerometer; a specific spot may experience an unusual magnetic fluctuation. This form of urban sensing and activity recognition has already been demonstrated in literature [2, 3], but not yet applied in pure localization applications. We hypothesize that these kind of signatures naturally exist in the environment and can be envisioned as internal landmarks of a building. Mobile devices that "sense" these landmarks can recalibrate their locations, while dead-reckoning schemes can track them between landmarks. Neither war-driving nor floorplans are necessary - the system simultaneously computes the locations of users and landmarks, in a manner so that they converge reasonably quickly. We believe this is an unconventional approach to indoor localization, holding promise for real-world deployment.
Investigation of friction at µN and mN force range on hard coatings (2007)

In recent years 'low load' tribology has received more attention due to the emergence of special devices like MEMS, and new materials such as bioimplants, polymers and textured surfaces. The tribological characterization of MEMS materials is challenging, because the devices operate at nominal contact pressures of only a few MPa and low wear rates of nm/hr. In this work, the friction and wear behavior of the commonly used industrial coatings titanium nitride (TiN) and diamond-like carbon (DLC) are investigated with normal forces in between Newton (conventional tribology) and nanoNewton (nanotribology). As the applied normal force reduces from mN's to µN's, the effect of surface roughness becomes strikingly apparent in the recorded tangential force. The friction of TiN coating appears to be less sensitive to surface roughness variations and chemical changes of the countermaterial, than DLC. The behavior of DLC at low contact pressures is different from the well-known low friction behavior of DLC coatings at high contact pressures.
Method of producing hydrogen. [KNO/sub 3/ and I/sub 2/] (1975)

Water is thermochemically decomposed to produce hydrogen by the following sequence of reactions. KNO/sub 3/ and I/sub 2/ are reacted to produce KI, NO and O/sub 2/, the NO and O/sub 2/ thus produced are reacted with water to form HNO/sub 3/, a hydrogen-containing iodide--NH/sub 4/I or HI--is formed from the HNO/sub 3/, and this iodide is thermally decomposed to produce hydrogen, all products of the reactions being recycled except hydrogen and oxygen. 2 claims, no drawings.
Synchrotron X-Ray Fluorescence Microprobe Determination of Halides in Natural and Synthetic Aqueous-Fluid Inclusions: Analytical Protocol for Low-Salinity Inclusions (2001)

NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC AQUEOUS-FLUID INCLUSIONS: ANALYTICAL PROTOCOL FOR LOW-SALINITY INCLUSIONS. J. C. Gray, D. A. Vanko, R. J. Bodnar, S. R. Sutton, and A. Lanzirotti, Department of Geology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, 30303, jcgray@gsu.edu, Department of Geological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061-0420, Consortium for Advanced Radiation Sources, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637.
The role of clinicians in determining radioactive iodine use for low‐risk thyroid cancer (2012)

The specialty of the primary decision maker, the number of providers administering RAI, and having access to a tumor board were associated significantly with the use of RAI for stage I thyroid cancer. The findings have implications for addressing nonclinical variation between hospitals, with a marked heterogeneity in decision making suggesting that standardization of care will be challenging.
Cross-protection against European swine influenza viruses in the context of infection immunity against the 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus: studies in the pig model of influenza (2015)

Pigs are natural hosts for the same influenza virus subtypes as humans and are a valuable model for cross-protection studies with influenza. In this study, we have used the pig model to examine the extent of virological protection between a) the 2009 pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) virus and three different European H1 swine influenza virus (SIV) lineages, and b) these H1 viruses and a European H3N2 SIV. Pigs were inoculated intranasally with representative strains of each virus lineage with 6- and 17-week intervals between H1 inoculations and between H1 and H3 inoculations, respectively. Virus titers in nasal swabs and/or tissues of the respiratory tract were determined after each inoculation. There was substantial though differing cross-protection between pH1N1 and other H1 viruses, which was directly correlated with the relatedness in the viral hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) proteins. Cross-protection against H3N2 was almost complete in pigs with immunity against H1N2, but was weak in H1N1/pH1N1-immune pigs. In conclusion, infection with a live, wild type influenza virus may offer substantial cross-lineage protection against viruses of the same HA and/or NA subtype. True heterosubtypic protection, in contrast, appears to be minimal in natural influenza virus hosts. We discuss our findings in the light of the zoonotic and pandemic risks of SIVs.
A computationally efficient robust adaptive beamforming for general-rank signal model with positive semi-definite constraint (2011)

The robust adaptive beamforming problem for general-rank signal model with positive semi-definite (PSD) constraint is considered. The existing approaches for solving the corresponding non-convex optimization problem are iterative methods for which the convergence is not guaranteed. Moreover, these methods solve the problem only suboptimally. We revisit this problem and develop a new beamforming method based on a new solution for the corresponding optimization problem. The new proposed method is iterative and is based on a reformulation and then linearization of a single non-convex difference-of-two-convex functions (DC) constraint. Our simulation results confirm that the new proposed method finds the global optimum of the problem in few iterations and outperforms the state-of-the-art robust adaptive beamforming methods for general-rank signal model with PSD constraint.
The Minimal Complexity of Adapting Agents Increases with Fitness (2012)

What is the relationship between the complexity and the fitness of evolved organisms, whether natural or artificial?It has been asserted, primarily based on empirical evidence, that the complexity of plants and animals increases as their fitness within a particular environment increases via evolution by natural selection (Bonner, 1988;McShea, 1996;Adami et al., 2000).We here derive an analytical relationship between these two quantities within an information-theoretical framework, showing that under certain conditions, complexity is a monotonically increasing function of fitness.We also simulate the adaptation of brains of digital organisms living in mazes and whose connectome evolves over 10,000s of generations in a stationary environment.We compute their circuit complexity, using an entropy-based measure (Balduzzi and Tononi, 2008).We find that their minimal complexity increases with their fitness, in line with our analytical derivation.
AMPA receptors as drug targets in neurological disease – advantages, caveats, and future outlook (2012)

Most excitatory transmission in the brain is mediated by the AMPA receptor subtype of the ionotropic glutamate receptors. In many neurological diseases, synapse structure and AMPA receptor function are altered, thus making AMPA receptors potential therapeutic targets for clinical intervention. The work summarized in this review suggests a link between AMPA receptor function and debilitating neuropathologies, and discusses the current state of therapies targeting AMPA receptors in four diseases. In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, AMPA receptors allow cytotoxic levels of calcium into neurons, leading to motor neuron death. Likewise, in some epilepsies, overactivation of AMPA receptors leads to neuron damage. The same is true for ischemia, where oxygen deprivation leads to excitotoxicity. Conversely, Alzheimer's disease is characterized by decreased AMPA activation and synapse loss. Unfortunately, many clinical studies have had limited success by directly targeting AMPA receptors in these diseases. We also discuss how the use of AMPA receptor modulators, commonly known as ampakines, in neurological diseases initially seemed promising in animal studies, but mostly ineffective in clinical trials. We propose that indirectly affecting AMPA receptors, such as by modulating transmembrane AMPA receptor regulatory proteins or, more generally, by regulating glutamatergic transmission, may provide new therapeutic potential for neurological disorders.
The Use of Virtual Reality in Clinical Psychology Research (2011)

This chapter presents research that is laying a foundation for new simulation applications that promise learning-oriented treatments for mental health conditions. After presenting background on their technologies and measurement techniques, the authors describe experimental applications of this approach. Analysis of negative and positive responses to virtual reality (VR) stimuli, as well as their complex composites, can lead to a better understanding of patient responses, including fundamental perceptual and cognitive causal relationships. Measuring patients’ dynamic parameters in VR simulations can possibly lead to new treatment approaches for psychopathologies The biological and behavioral feedback obtained by virtual mediation, based on parameters of the perceptivo-motor dynamics such those described in this chapter, represents a promising avenue for future investigation.
Model of Controlled Drug Release from the Polymer Implant (2018)

A mathematical model for analysis of features of the drug release , previously introduced into a polymer implant, into a biological tissue is proposed. A carbon nanolayer obtained as a result of plasma-immersion ion implantation was created to improve biocompatibility with biological tissue on the surface of the implant. The medicine can go through micro-ruptures in this layer. Calculations show that the carbon layer allows a uniform release of the drug.
Relationship between salivary IgA secretion and upper respiratory tract infection following a 160-km race. (2006)

In summary, nearly 1 in 4 runners reported an URTI episode during the 2-week period following a 160-km race, and the decrease in salivary IgA secretion rate was significantly greater in these runners compared to those not reporting URTI.
Etude du bruit électrique dans les dispositifs fonctionnant en régime non linéaire. Application à la conception d'amplificateurs micro-ondes faible bruit (2007)

With the educational revolution driven by COVID-19, traditional face-to-face teaching methods have rapidly been transformed into accessible, reliable online distance education. This has meant revisiting and reinventing existing technology-based educational processes and models. This study investigates whether teachers of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) are confident that they have the requisite knowledge of how particular technologies are used for remote teaching, both during COVID-19 and as they look to the future. By adopting a mixed-method approach, this paper investigates teacher practices and perceptions regarding teaching online during Covid-19's emergency remote teaching. One hundred and twenty-nine participants were recruited through an online survey. All analyses were carried out using SPSS version 25. Data was based on ranking and non-parametric tests were used. Qualitative data from the open-ended question were analyzed using data-driven thematic analysis. Teachers reported significantly increased reliance on self-teaching, colleagues' knowledge, staff tutorials, and online school support. The gap between knowledge and usage of digital tools was found to be associated with the challenges facing EFL teachers with distance learning. Teachers who reported knowing more or roughly the same about the tools compared to their usage of them knew how to incorporate their knowledge into their practical teaching, took control over the management of their instruction, and had higher pupil engagement and motivation. However, teachers whose knowledge of digital tools was lower than their usage encountered technological difficulties that impaired their teaching. Some implications can be drawn from the study, such as the need for teacher education programs to improve teacher awareness of new pedagogical-technological learning methods, and the importance of providing opportunities to acquire digital competence and encourage teachers to adapt personally to new digital technologies within specific disciplinary contexts. Our findings have both theoretical and practical implications for pre- and in-service teacher training.
1‐(Pyridin‐2‐yl)methanamine‐Based Ruthenium Catalysts for Fast Transfer Hydrogenation of Carbonyl Compounds in 2‐Propanol (2008)

Abstract This Microreview focuses on the development of novel ruthenium complexes displaying high performance in the catalytic asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of ketones with 2‐propanol, providing this procedure alternative to the hydrogenation with dihydrogen. The key role is played by 1‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)methanamine (Pyme) type ligands which in combination with appropriate phosphanes afforded ruthenium systems of unprecedented high catalytic activity and productivity for the reduction of ketones and aldehydes. For the pincer CNN complexes a mixed inner‐outer sphere mechanism involving Ru‐hydride and Ru‐alkoxide species is proposed. The excellent properties of these complexes are expected to have implications for the design of a new generation of catalysts.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Anticancer activity of cissampelos pareira against dalton′s lymphoma ascites bearing mice (2014)

This study demonstrated that C. pariera exhibited significant in vitro and in vivo anti-tumor activities and that it was reasonably imputable to its increasing endogenous mechanism of antioxidant property.
Multilayer electroactive ceramic actuators (2002)

A type of electrical component which produces slight (micron level) mechanical movements is introduced. Made from electroactive ceramics and using MLC (multilayer ceramic) fabrication techniques, it offers a new domain of movements with a high degree of precision and absence of magnetic fields. The construction, properties and some potential applications are provided.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A solid state, 120 kV microsecond pulse charger for a 1&#x2013;10 nanosecond pulse source (2013)

In this paper we present a solid state 0-120 kV microsecond pulse charger for our nanosecond pulse generator [1]. The pulse forming line of our nanosecond pulse generator must be charged with microsecond pulses to prevent pre-firing of its oil spark-gap. The pulse charger consists of two identical compact pulse charger modules with integrated electronics. The electronics are mounted on a compact PCB and consist mainly of a number of parallel connected IGBT's that switch a primary capacitor bank into a pulse transformer. Each pulse charger module can generate 60 kV microsecond pulses into a 250 pF load at 1 kHz repetition rate. Connected together they are able to deliver up to 120 kV into a 100 pF load. This 100 pF load is the pulse forming line of our nanosecond pulse generator at its maximum length of 1 m. The pulse charger is able to operate in an EMI unfriendly environment due to its compact lay-out and optical triggering of the IGBT's.
Particules cœur-écorce par polymérisation raft en émulsion pour des matériaux nanostructurés sans solvants (2013)

Le but de ce projet etait d’ameliorer les proprietes mecaniques des films de latex, qui constituent une alternative interessante aux traditionnelles formulations a base de solvants organiques afin de repondre aux nouvelles normes environnementales et sanitaires (reduction des emissions de COV). Une strategie basee sur l’emploi de particules cœur-ecorce a ete choisie. La polymerisation de l’acrylate de butyle (ABu) a ete realisee en emulsion en conditions batch ab initio sans tensioactifs, a partir d’un macroagent RAFT poly(acide acrylique)-trithiocarbonate (PAA-TTC) qui joue le role d’agent de controle et de stabilisant. Des copolymeres PAA-b-PABu de masses molaires elevees ont pu etre obtenus avec un bon controle, sans coagulum. Ces copolymeres a blocs s’auto-organisent lors de la polymerisation en particules cœur-ecorce comportant un cœur mou PABu et une ecorce rigide PAA tres fine (~ 1 nm). Apres evaporation de la phase aqueuse, des films homogenes et transparents ont ete obtenus. Les films demeurent transparents apres immersion dans l’eau, grâce a l’absence de tensioactifs dans la formulation. Les analyses de SAXS et de microscopie ont montre que les films etaient nanostructures, du fait de la formation d’un reseau percolant rigide a partir des ecorces PAA. D’apres les analyses mecaniques (petites et grandes deformations), les films sont rigides et extensibles. Le procede est versatile : grâce a la polymerisation radicalaire controlee, les masses des blocs peuvent etre modifiees pour obtenir un film plus ou moins rigide et/ou extensible. De plus, le cœur ou l’ecorce des particules peuvent etre reticules pour moduler les proprietes mecaniques des films.
Competition: Energy-Efficient Many-to-Many Communication with Channel-Hopping (2018)

We present a communication protocol for fast and reliable dissemination of event messages from multiple sources in short-range wireless networks. Our approach combines round-based fast network flooding using Glossy with a pseudo-random channel-hopping scheme to increase its robustness against external interference. Using a deterministic round-robin schedule, we support multiple source nodes that initiate Glossy flooding in their corresponding round. Furthermore, we combine Glossy with a synchronized radio duty-cycling scheme to reduce the energy consumption of our system at the expense of increased latency between detection of an event until a new network flood can be initiated.
<title>Minimum mean square error filter for pattern recognition with spatially disjoint signal and scene noise</title> (1993)

A minimum mean square error filter for pattern recognition problems with input scene noise that is spatially disjoint (or nonoverlapping) with the target is described. The filter is designed to locate the target by producing a delta function output at the target position. The filter minimizes the mean square of the difference between the desired output delta function and the filter output in response to a noisy input data. We show that the filter output has a well defined peak and small sidelobes in the presence of spatially disjoint target and scene noise.
Ellman’s and Aldrithiol Assay as Versatile and Complementary Tools for the Quantification of Thiol Groups and Ligands on Nanomaterials (2016)

Simple, fast, and versatile methods for the quantification of thiol groups are of considerable interest not only for protein analysis but also for the characterization of the surface chemistry of nanomaterials stabilized with thiol ligands or bearing thiol groups for the subsequent (bio-) functionalization via maleimide-thiol chemistry. Here, we compare two simple colorimetric assays, the widely used Ellman's assay performed at alkaline pH and the aldrithiol assay executed at acidic and neutral pH, with respect to their potential for the quantification of thiol groups and thiol ligands on different types of nanoparticles like polystyrene nanoparticles, semiconductor nanocrystals (SC NC), and noble metal particles, and we derive criteria for their use. In order to assess the underlying reaction mechanisms and to obtain stoichiometry factors mandatory for reliable thiol quantification, both methods were studied photometrically and with electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-TOF-MS), thereby demonstrating the influence of different thiols on the reaction mechanism. Our results underline the suitability of both methods for the quantification of directly accessible thiol groups or ligands on the surface of 2D- and 3D-supports, here exemplarily polystyrene nanoparticles. Moreover, we could derive strategies for the use of these simple assays for the determination of masked (i.e., not directly accessible) thiol groups like disulfides such as lipoic acid and thiol stabilizing ligands coordinatively bound to Cd and/or Hg surface atoms of II/VI and ternary SC NC and to gold and silver nanoparticles.
Real-time monitoring and control of the specific growth rate in yeast fed-batch cultures based on Process Analytical Technology monitoring tools such as biocalorimetry and spectroscopy (2012)

Key features of bioprocesses, such as product quantity and quality, but also cell physiology can be related to the growth characteristics of the organism under study. The specific growth rate, a key variable, cannot be measured directly, but might be estimated and inferred from other measurable variables such as biomass, substrate or product concentrations. The present thesis reviews techniques for real-time estimation and control of the specific growth rate in microbial fed-batch cultures by focusing on its importance in the development of processes for the production of high-value products such as recombinant proteins. Existing models and monitoring techniques are discussed before comparing two particular approaches, developed within the scope of this thesis, to estimate the biomass concentration and the specific growth rate of yeast cells in real-time, based on spectroscopic methods on the one hand and on heat flow measurements on the other. Particular emphasis is given to changes that need to be undertaken when adapting the initial strategy, developed for a process with Kluyveromyces marxianus, to different type of yeast cells such as Candida utilis or Pichia pastoris or Saccharomyces cerevisiae. For both control strategies, controller errors of less than 20 % were achieved, allowing ton control the specific growth rate of the four different yeast strains at a constant setpoint.
TCAM architecture for IP lookup using prefix properties (2004)

In modern IP routers, Internet protocol (IP) lookup forms a bottleneck in packet forwarding because the lookup speed cannot catch up with the increase in link bandwidth. Ternary content-addressable memories (TCAMs) have emerged as viable devices for designing high-throughput forwarding engines on routers. Called ternary because they store don't-care states in addition to 0s and 1s, TCAMs search the data (IP address) in a single clock cycle. Because of this property, TCAMs are particularly attractive for packet forwarding and classifications. Despite these advantages, large TCAM arrays have high power consumption and lack scalable design schemes, which limit their use. We propose a two-level pipelined architecture that reduces power consumption through memory compaction and the selective enablement of only a portion of the TCAM array. We also introduce the idea of prefix aggregation and prefix expansion to reduce the number of routing-table entries in TCAMs for IP lookup. We also discuss an efficient incremental update scheme for the routing of prefixes and provide empirical equations for estimating memory requirements and proportional power consumption for the proposed architecture.