gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An In Vitro Inhibition Test That Predicts Toxicity of Bacterial Pathogen Combinations in the Colorado Potato Beetle (2002)

Many insect bacterial pathogens are not toxic enough for field control. Combinations of bacteria may increase toxicity. Bacteria toxic to Colorado potato beetle , Photorhabdus luminescens, Chromobacterium violaceum and Serratia marcescens , were tested in pair-wise combinations in an in vitro double streak test to determine bacterial compatibility. Only C. violaceum and S. marcescens grew to confluency. Their combined toxicity in vivo was additive. Other bacterial combinations had clear zones between bacterial streaks indicating inhibition. In the insect, the combined toxicity was less than the most toxic bacteria of the pair. For these strains, this in vitro test predicted compatibility in the insect.
Black Swans and white tablets (2008)

The Black Swan, a metaphor for highly improbable, high impact events, warns us to understand the limits of our predictions and expect the "unknown unknowns" everywhere, from war to science and industry. From the earliest stages of discovery to post-marketing events, we argue that fundamentally the structure of pharmaceutical industry is driven by and impacted by both positive and negative Black Swans. We take a critical look at the consequences of the Black Swan impacts in the pharmaceutical industry and what steps can be taken to manage the unpredictable.
Search for Solar Axions with the CAST-Experiment (2008)

Solar axions can be produced in the Sun via the so-called Primakoff effect. The CERN Axion Solar Telescope (CAST) uses an LHC prototype magnet of about 9 T to reconvert these axions into photons. The magnet is able to follow the Sun for about 3 hours per day. Three different X-Ray detectors are mounted on its ends to detect photons from axion-to-photon conversion: a Time Projection Chamber (TPC), a MICROMEGAS (MICROMEsh GAseous Structure) and a Charge Coupled Device (CCD). For the CCD an X-ray focusing device is used to improve the signal-to-background ratio significantly. With the completion of CAST'S first phase, the current limits on the coupling constant gaγ for axion masses up to 0.02 eV have been improved. In its second phase, CAST extends the axion mass range by filling the magnet with a buffer gas. Masses up to about 0.4 eV have already been covered and thus the experiment is entering the regions favored by axion models. This paper will present the status of CAST'S second phase.
Endocrine Resistance in Breast Cancer: Focus on the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Signaling Pathway (2013)

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women. Up to 75% of breast cancers express the estrogen receptor (ER)α and/or the progesterone receptor (PR). Patients with hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer are typically treated with endocrine therapy. Yet, not all patients with metastatic breast cancer respond to endocrine treatments and are considered to have primary (de novo) resistance. Furthermore, all patients who initially respond to endocrine treatment will eventually develop acquired resistance. Several mechanisms have been linked to the development of endocrine resistance, including reduced expression of ERα, altered regulation of the ER pathway, and activation of various growth factor signaling pathways, among them the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. This pathway is involved in critical processes including cell survival, proliferation, and angiogenesis, and plays a central role in breast cancer development. Recent laboratory and clinical data implicate this pathway as mediating endocrine resistance, and agents directed against critical components of this pathway are either already approved for clinical use in breast cancer patients or are currently being tested in clinical trials. In this review, we describe the interaction between the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and the ER cascade, its role in mediating endocrine resistance, and the clinical implications of this interaction.
Can Wavelet Transforms Used for Data Compression Equally Suitable for the Use of Machine Fault Diagnosis? (2001)

Abstract Wavelet transforms are capable of separating the raw vibro-acoustic signals into different frequency and time bands. They have exhibited potentials in the detection of fault related impulsive signals by using their multi-resolution time-frequency analyses. To ensure the design of wavelet transforms is simple and the processing is not time intensive, discrete type of wavelet transforms (DWTs) become popular as they are composed of low-pass and high-pass digital filters only, making them easier to implement and processing faster. Recently, a number of publications have applied the similar type of DWTs commonly used for data compression (dyadic type of DWTs) in vibration based machine fault diagnosis. However, the results are not satisfactory. The main reasons are the poor resolution provided by DWTs and the inappropriate design of digital filters causing undesirable frequency aliasings. Without taking care of these problems, they may lead to false alarms in fault diagnosis. In this paper, we present a new family of DWTs, which mainly consists of a series of Butterworth filter banks. They are capable of providing sufficient resolutions in different time and frequency ranges, and minimizing the effect of frequency aliasing. The results have shown that the new types of DWTs are promising in solving the problems and tailor-made for machine fault diagnosis. With the help of the new DWTs, the faults that exhibit non-linear and non-stationary signals can be detected easier and the diagnosis becomes more reliable.
MOF@chitosan Composites with Potential Antifouling Properties for Open-Environment Applications of Metal-Organic Frameworks (2022)

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising materials for a myriad of applications because of their easy synthesis and large variability through the organic linker. For open-environment applications, the organic content can, however, give rise to fouling, that is, biofilm formation. Biofilms can destroy the MOF and reduce the sorption capacity. Therefore, it is necessary to formulate MOFs for open-environment application to avoid the growth of microorganisms. Chitosan is a polysaccharide biopolymer, obtained from chitin shells of shrimps by alkaline deacetylation, and has known fungistatic properties. Here, chitosan is used as a matrix for MOF@chitosan composites with different aluminum-based MOFs to implement the fungistatic effect of chitosan to MOFs. The obtained composites with the highest possible MOF loadings of up to 90% were tested according to DIN EN ISO 846 to examine the fungistatic material properties against the fungi Chaetomium globosum and Aspergillus falconensis.
Cytogenetic and FISH Study of 92 Patients with Splenic Marginal Zone B-Cell Lymphoma (SMZBCL). (2004)

Abstract Background. In the World Health Organization classification system (WHO), Splenic Marginal Zone B-cell Lymphoma (SMZBCL) is described as an indolent B-cell lymphoma, which generally presents as splenomegaly with involvement of the bone marrow and peripheral blood. The immunophenotype is usually IgM+, IgD+/−, cytoplasmic-Ig−/+, pan B antigens+, CD5−, CD10−, CD23−, CD43−/+ and cyclin D1−. A minority of cases (&lt; 20%) express CD5 antigen. The most frequent cytogenetic aberrations are deletions at 7q22–q32, gains of chromosome 3/3q and involvement of chromosomes 1 and 8. The objective of this study is the genetic characterization of SMZBCL by conventional cytogenetics and FISH. Patients and methods. We present 92 patients with SMZBCL from a multicenter study after being diagnosed morphologically and immunologically. Conventional cytogenetic studies were carried out on lymphoid cells from 72 hour-peripheral blood and/or spleen cultures stimulated with TPA. FISH was performed with centromeric probes from chromosome 3 and 12 and locus specific probes from P53 gene and 7q31 loci. Cross-species color banding FISH (RxFISH) probe was applied in 11 patients and SKY in 4 patients to redefine/confirm G-banding karyotype. Results. A clonal chromosome abnormality was found in 62/92 patients (67%) being identified in 37 (60%) as a complex karyotype. The most frequent recurrent abnormalities were deletions of 7q (30 cases) and gains of chromosome 3 (20 cases). 6/20 cases with gains #3, were gains of 3q arm, in three of them resulting from an unbalanced translocation. Thirteen cases showed rearrangements of 3q without gain of material. The chromosomes most frequently involved were: 7q, 3q, 14q, 8q and 1q (in more than 10 cases). Four cases presented gain of chromosome 3/3q and 7q deletion in the same karyotype. Four novel cytogenetic aberrations involving 14q32 were found in this series: t(6;14)(p12;q32) in two cases, t(14;19)(q32;q13) in two cases and t(10;14)(q24;q32), t(1;14)(q21;q32) and t(9;14)(pter-p22::14q32-14q11::9q22) in one case respectively. Conclusions. -In our series, the most frequent cytogenetic aberration in SMZBCL is a deletion at 7q (48%) and could be considered as a cytogenetic marker of these entity. -Gains of chromosome 3 or partial gains affecting only 3q arm are frequently observed in SMZBCL (32%) being chromosome 3 commonly rearranged. -RxFISH ans SKY techniques help us to define new aberrations not detected by conventional cytogenetics. -We describe translocations involving 14q32 that could help us to identify novel oncogenes related to SMZBCL.
Recombination mechanism and carrier lifetimes of semi-insulating GaAs:Cr (1990)

The recombination process has been investigated in semi-insulating GaAs Cr. The theoretical model was based on the Shockley–Read statistics considering two traps, the HL1 (Cr) and EL2, respectively. The trap concentrations and the carrier lifetimes have been determined from the dependence of both the photomagnetoelectric effect short-circuit current and the photoconductance on the illumination intensity.
Smart Village: An IoT Based Digital Transformation (2021)

Almost 46% of the world’s population resides in a rural landscape. Smart villages, alongside smart cities, are in need of time for future economic growth, improved agriculture, better health, and education. The smart village is a concept that improves the traditional rural aspects with the help of digital transformation. The smart village is built up using heterogeneous digital technologies pillared around the Internet-of-Thing (IoT). There exist many opportunities in research to design a low-cost, secure, and efficient technical ecosystem. This article identifies the key application areas, where the IoT can be applied in the smart village. The article also presents a comparative study of communication technology options.
P‐183: Refraction Control in Optical Films for LCD (2008)

Abstract We developed a method for manufacturing of coatable Thin Birefringent Films (TBF™) with control over values of three principal refraction indices. The control of ratios between principal refractive indices is based on varying formulation of the coatable material and conditions of post‐treatment of the coated film. NZ factor of the obtained retarders ranges from 0.0 up to 0.8.
Discrete Element with Flexible Connector for Dynamic Analysis of 3-D Beam Structures (1997)

Combined multi-body dynamics with structural dynamics,a new discrete element with flexibleconnector,which is applicable for 3-D beam structures,is developed in this paper.Both the generalizedelastic coefficient matrix of the flexible connector and the mass matrix of discrete element may be off-diag-onal in a general case.The zero-length rigid element is introduced to simulate the node at which multiple el-ements are jointed together.It may also be effective when the axes of adjacent elements are not in the sameline.The examples for eigenvalue calculation show that the model is successful.It can be extended to thegeometric nonlinear response analysis.
COVID-19 Virtual Dilemma (2022)

This qualitative study explored the parental support of K-12 students with mathematics during the COVID-19 pandemic. A digital, open-ended survey was completed by parents or caregivers to examine the role they played in their student's school day with a specific focus on the challenges and successes of mathematics learning. The survey was administered after six to eight weeks of remote instruction with at least four weeks of remote instruction remaining. Parents supported learning by teaching, facilitating, promoting independence, and providing resources. Parents mentioned several challenges and some successes during at home mathematics learning. Challenges included student motivation, lack of tools, gaps in learning, and technology access. While some parents reported no successes, others mentioned completing work, reviewing and mastering concepts, and building confidence.
Compound manipulation mode for improving task-ability of multi-arm multi-flipper crawler robot (2017)

This paper presents a new manipulation mode for multi-arm and multi-flipper robots to improve the manipulation ability of them. Multi-arm and multi-flipper crawler robots designed for disaster response or other uses are naturally divided into two function parts from the design stage. There are the crawlers and the flippers for robot locomotion tasks, and the arms for manipulation tasks. In this design concept, the flippers and arms are hardly to systematically and actively cooperate with each other, and these control systems cannot fully play the structural features of this kind of robot. To solve this problem, we proposed a compound manipulation mode (CMM) for multi-arm multi-flipper robot. In this control mode, the flippers and arms are controlled as a whole in manipulation tasks, the flippers will support the arms to own bigger manipulation space, to have better manipulation posture and to optimize the position of robot center of gravity (COG) to make sure robot in good stable state. Four arm and four flipper robot OCTOPUS was used as the test platform, and the verification experiments were carried out. The results indicated that CMM control mode can achieve all the proposals, therefore the concept of CMM control mode is successful and useful.
Phase-shift modulation technique for the linerisation of analogue optical transmitters (1977)

A phase-shift modulation technique is described for the linearisation of light sources in fibre-optic transmission systems. A 25 dB reduction in the 2nd-harmonic distortion has been achieved in specially fabricated GaAlAs double-heterostructure light-emitting dioded (l.e.d.s) compared with the distortion levels typical of conventional l.e.d.s.
Effects of training at mild exercise intensities on quadriceps muscle energy metabolism in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2011)

This study shows that physical training at mild intensity is able to induce comparable changes in skeletal muscles oxidative energy metabolism in patients with COPD and sedentary healthy subjects, but different changes of maximal mechanical and metabolic power.
Constructing the suprachiasmatic nucleus: a watchmaker's perspective on the central clockworks (2015)

The circadian system constrains an organism's palette of behaviors to portions of the solar day appropriate to its ecological niche. The central light-entrained clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the mammalian circadian system has evolved a complex network of interdependent signaling mechanisms linking multiple distinct oscillators to serve this crucial function. However, studies of the mechanisms controlling SCN development have greatly lagged behind our understanding of its physiological functions. We review advances in the understanding of adult SCN function, what has been described about SCN development to date, and the potential of both current and future studies of SCN development to yield important insights into master clock function, dysfunction, and evolution.
Deep-learning-assisted detection and segmentation of rib fractures from CT scans: Development and validation of FracNet (2020)

A full list of funding bodies that contributed to this study can be found in the Acknowledgements section. The funding sources played no role in the study design; collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; writing of the report; or decision to submit the article for publication .
Self-Powered Soil Moisture Monitoring Sensor Using a Picoampere Quiescent Current Wake-up Circuit (2021)

The uploaded document is a manuscript accepted in IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement.
Phase demodulation in optical fibre Fabry–Perot sensors with inexact phase steps (1997)

The authors describe an algorithm that extends the usefulness of phase stepping as a method for phase recovery from Fabry–Perot cavities. The use of arbitrary step sizes eliminates the need to operate with predetermined phase steps, thus minimising the effect of phase step errors. Furthermore, an iterative technique that accounts for multiple-reflection cavities is discussed. The algorithm is demonstrated on data obtained from an intrinsic fibre Fabry–Perot heat-flux sensor.
Evaluating SAXS Results on Aqueous Solutions of Various Bacterial Levan utilizing the String-of-Beads Model (2015)

Polysaccharide levan is a homopolymer of fructose and is an important component of plants, yeast, fungi and some bacterial biofilms. In this paper we report on the structural properties of aqueous solutions of bacterial levan utilizing smallangle X-ray scattering and light microscopy. In addition to commercially available levan isolated from Zymomonas mobilis and Erwinia herbicola, we also studied levan isolated and purified from the biofilm of Bacillus subtilis. The smallangle X-ray scattering data were analyzed by the string-of-beads model that revealed qualitative differences in the structure of levan molecules. Levan can be represented as a semi-flexible chain that interacts intra- and inter-molecularly and therefore forms various suprastructures on larger size scales. Increasing the concentration of levan makes the levan structure more compact, which was observed on the nano as well as on the micro scale. The structures with most homogeneously distributed polymer local density were found in B. subtilis levan solutions.
Sugar ring conformations of guanine nucleosides by proton nuclear magnetic resonance. (1987)

Proton NMR studies at 250 MHz showed that ribofuranosyl and 2-deoxyribofuranosyl derivatives of N2-(p-n-butylphenyl)guanine (BuPG) favored the C2'-endo (S) sugar pucker and the gg exocyclic group rotamer, although less so than guanosine and 2'-deoxyguanosine themselves. The correlation calculated between C3'-endo (N) and gg conformational states in these compounds may result from destabilization of syn glycosidic bond conformers by the bulky N2 substituent. Results for a bis(ribofuranosyl) derivative of BuPG showed a strong correlation between N and gg states in both sugar rings, suggesting that both rings are anti and are stabilized by intramolecular hydrogen bonding between C3'-O and H8.
New catalytic model systems of tyrosinase: fine tuning of the reactivity with pyrazole-based N-donor ligands (2014)

Two models of tyrosinase containing bidentate ligands with pyrazole moieties are synthesized and characterized with respect to their catalytic activity.
Structure, Interactions, and Antibacterial Activities of MSI-594 Derived Mutant Peptide MSI-594F5A in Lipopolysaccharide Micelles: Role of the Helical Hairpin Conformation in Outer-Membrane Permeabilization (2010)

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) provides a well-organized permeability barrier at the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Host defense cationic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) need to disrupt the outer membrane before gaining access to the inner cytoplasmic membrane or intracellular targets. Several AMPs are largely inactive against Gram-negative pathogens due to the restricted permeation through the LPS layer of the outer membrane. MSI-594 (GIGKFLKKAKKGIGAVLKVLTTG) is a highly active AMP with a broad-spectrum of activities against bacteria, fungi, and virus. In the context of LPS, MSI-594 assumes a hairpin helical structure dictated by packing interactions between two helical segments. Residue Phe5 of MSI-594 has been found to be engaged in important interhelical interactions. In order to understand plausible structural and functional inter-relationship of the helical hairpin structure of MSI-594 with outer membrane permeabilization, a mutant peptide, termed MSI-594F5A, containing a replacement of Phe5 with Ala has been prepared. We have compared antibacterial activities, outer and inner membrane permeabilizations, LPS binding affinity, perturbation of LPS micelles structures by MSI-594 and MSI-594F5A peptides. Our results demonstrated that the MSI-594F5A has lower activities against Gram-negative bacteria, due to limited permeabilization through the LPS layer, however, retains Gram-positive activity, akin to MSI-594. The atomic-resolution structure of MSI-594F5A has been determined in LPS micelles by NMR spectroscopy showing an amphipathic curved helix without any packing interactions. The 3D structures, interactions, and activities of MSI-594 and its mutant MSI-594F5A in LPS provide important mechanistic insights toward the requirements of LPS specific conformations and outer membrane permeabilization by broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptides.
Diabetic Retinopathy Detection Through Image Analysis Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (2016)

Diabetic Retinopathy is one of the main causes of blindness and visual impairment for diabetic population. The detection and diagnosis of the disease is usually done with the help of retinal images taken with a mydriatric camera. In this paper we propose an automatic retina image classifier that using supervised deep learning techniques is able to classify retinal images in five standard levels of severity. In each level different irregularities appear on the image, due to micro-aneurisms, hemorrages, exudates and edemas. This problem has been approached before using traditional computer vision techniques based on manual feature extraction. Differently, we explore the use of the recent machine learning approach of deep convolutional neural networks, which has given good results in other image classification problems. From a training dataset of around 35000 human classified images, different convolutional neural networks with different input size images are tested in order to find the model that performs the best over a test set of around 53000 images. Results show that it is possible to achieve a quadratic weighted kappa classification score over 0.75 not far from human expert reported scores of 0.80.