gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Using multispectral satellite imagery to estimate leaf area and response to silvicultural treatments in loblolly pine stands (2006)

The relationship between leaf area index (LAI) of loblolly pine plantations and the broadband simple ratio (SR) vegetation index calculated from Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) data was examined. An equation was derived to estimate LAI from readily available Landsat 7 ETM+ data. The equation developed to predict LAI with Landsat 7 ETM+ data was tested with ground LAI measurements taken in 12 plots. The root mean square error of prediction was 0.29, an error of approximately 14% in prediction. The ability of Landsat 7 ETM+ data to consistently estimate SR over time was tested using two scenes acquired on different dates during the winter (December to early March). Comparison between the two images on a pixel-by-pixel basis showed that approximately 96% of the pixels had a difference of &lt;0.5 units of SR (approximately 0.3 units of LAI). When the comparison was made on a stand-by-stand basis (average stand SR), a maximum difference of 0.2 units of SR (approximately 0.12 units of LAI) was found. These results suggest that stand LAI of loblolly pine plantations can be accurately estimated from readily available remote sensing data and provide an opportunity to apply the findings from ecophysiological studies in field plots to forest management decisions at an operational scale.
Dependence of computed copolymer reactivity ratios on the calculation method. II. Effects of experimental design and error structure (1984)

Abstract Two calculation methods for estimating reactivity ratios, one method based on the differential Alfrey‐Mayo equation and one based on the integrated form of this model, are compared with respect to precision and bias. Both methods are characterized by the use of information about the monomer feed composition only and are assumed to be valid up to high conversion. As only monomer feed composition has to be analyzed, several sampling designs are feasible. Two extreme designs can be distinguished. One consists of repetitive sampling of the initial and final monomer feed mixture, whereas the other consists of sequential sampling during the course of the reaction. The influence of both designs of the calculated r ‐values is investigated by means of simulation. In the present paper the second calculation method, based on the integrated form, is solved by a nonlinear least squares method considering errors in both variables. This method required additional information about the errorstructure of the data. As this information is mostly of approximate nature, the influence of misspecification of this error structure on the calculated r ‐values is also examined.
Perceptions and adherence to the World Health Organization surgical safety checklist in Cuenca, Ecuador 1 Year post-educational intervention (2016)

Welcome to Annals of Global Health,Annals of Global Health is a peer-reviewed, fully open access, online journal dedicated to publishing high quality articles dedicated to all aspects of global health. The journal's mission is to advance global health, promote research, and foster the prevention and treatment of disease worldwide. Its goals are to improve the health and well-being of all people, advance health equity, and promote wise stewardship of the earth's environment. The latest journal impact factor is 3.64.Annals of Global Health is supported by the Program for Global Public Health and the Common Good at Boston College. It was founded in 1934 by the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai as the Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine. It is a partner journal of the Consortium of Universities for Global Health. Authors of articles accepted for publication in Annals of Global Health will be asked to pay an Article Publication Charge (APC) to cover publication costs. This charge can normally be sourced from your funder or institution. We are committed to supporting authors from all countries to publish their work in Annals of Global Health regardless of national income level, and to achieve this goal, we waive the Article Publication Charge for manuscripts where all authors are from low-income or lower-middle-income countries (as defined by the World Bank). From time to time, Annals of Global Health publishes Special Collections, a series of articles organized around a common theme in global health. Recent Special Collections have included “Strengthening Women’s Leadership in Global Health”, “Decolonizing Global Health Education”, and “Capacity Building for Global Health Leadership Training”. Global health workers interested in developing a Special Collection are strongly encouraged to contact the Managing Editor in advance to discuss the project.
Economic Evaluation of The Budget Impact of Precision Medicine Testing for The Treatment of Psoriasis (2021)

Objective: This study was a budget impact analysis based on a budget impact model (BIM) and formularies from different commercial payer types (excluding Medicare and Medicaid). The primary objective of this study was to determine the potential cost savings utilizing precision medicine testing of biologics in patients with psoriasis. The evaluation projects the predicted cost savings of multiple formulary scenarios, simulated through the BIM. Methods: A budget impact model was constructed to simulate the impact of Mind.Px, a transcriptomic predictive precision medicine test that can discriminate between psoriasis responders and non-responders, on psoriasis drug usage. This model simulated the impact of Mind.Px on different formularies and cost scenarios, considering the efficacy of individual biologics. All formularies used were acquired from the Policy Reporter database. Results: Several payers representing a spectrum of covered lives populations were used to simulate the impact of Mind.Px through the budget impact model. The budget impact model returned cost savings as low as $5,138 annually to as high as $13,141 annually. Based on the analysis of this subset of payers, the model yielded average cost savings of $8,492 annually as well as an average wasted spend savings of $16,567. All Savings are represented on an annual per patient basis. Conclusions: These savings demonstrate the potential cost savings that precision medicine testing can provide to ease the economic burden on payers, clinics/hospital systems, and patients, and may fill the need for a better method to prescribe drugs for the treatment of psoriasis.
Dearomatisation of o‐Xylene by P450BM3 (CYP102A1) (2011)

The oxidation of o-xylene by P450(BM3) from Bacillus megaterium yields, in addition to the products formed by microsomal P450s, two metabolites containing an NIH-shifted methyl group, one of which lacks the aromatic character of the substrate. The failure of the epoxide precursor of these two products to rearrange to the more stable 2,7-dimethyloxepin suggests that ring opening is P450-mediated. With m-xylene, the principal metabolite is 2,4-dimethylphenol. The partition between aromatic and benzylic hydroxylation is primarily governed by the steric prescriptions of the active site rather than by C-H bond reactivity. It is also substrate-dependent, o- and m-xylene appearing to bind to the enzyme in different orientations. The product distributions given by variants containing the F87A mutation, which creates additional space in the active site, resemble those reported for microsomal systems.
Gender-based differences in perceptions about sexual violence, equality and drug‑facilitated sexual assaults in nightlife contexts (2021)

Sexual violence, including drug-facilitated sexual assaults, is a serious issue that is becoming increasingly common in leisure nightlife contexts. This study provides information about the attitudes and perceptions of Spanish youths towards sexual violence within that setting. The participants were recruited by a snowball sampling scheme. A bivariate analysis was performed to identify possible sociodemographic and nightlife recreational habit factors related to gender. The statistical significance of the differences between the studied variables was assessed using the chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests. Women perceived a low level of personal security, as well as the existence of social perceptions penalizing female more than male drug use, and blaming women for the sexual violence they suffer. Women also recognised less explicit violent behaviours as violence significantly more than men did. Men were more willing to have sexual intercourse with someone unable to express consent because of drugs. In addition, they believed more strongly that sexual assaults take place because of the victim's use of alcohol or other drugs. In a leisure nightlife context, women are prone to perceive a lack of social support for themselves and the feeling of impunity for the perpetrators. Furthermore, numerous misconceptions surround drug-facilitated sexual assaults, with the majority of respondents believing that assaults happen after the surreptitious administration of substances to the victim by an unknown assailant. Moreover, the involvement of alcohol was underestimated. Our findings are useful for designing prevention efforts, demystifying the drug-facilitated sexual assaults and enhancing social support for victims.
Primed Track: Reliable Volumetric Single-cell Tracking and Lineage Tracing of Living Specimen with Dual-labeling Approaches (2020)

Mammalian embryonic development starts with a single fertilized zygote that develops into a blastocyst embryo consisting of three cell types that evolve into either embryonic or extra-embryonic tissues.Lineage tracing of these cells can provide important information about the molecular and cellular dynamics contributing to fate allocation during early development.While global labeling techniques allow for visualization of all cells at the same time, lineage tracing of cells over several divisions can become complicated due to embryo movement and rotation as well as increasing cell densities.Here, we use green-to-red photoconvertible proteins for both global and sparse labeling of cells of interest in the developing murine embryo.We use primed conversion to achieve precise photoconversion of single nuclei in 4-cell stage embryos followed by volumetric live imaging to capture development up to the blastocyst stage.We developed an image analysis pipeline, called primed Track, that uses the dual labeling strategy for both straightforward segmentation and registration of all cells in the embryo as well as correction of rotational and spatial drift.Together, this strategy allows for reliable and fast tracking and lineage tracing of individual cells, even over increased imaging time intervals that result in a major reduction in data volume, all essential conditions for volumetric long-term imaging techniques.
Cell Surface Tetraspanin Tspan8 Contributes to Molecular Pathways of Exosome-Induced Endothelial Cell Activation (2010)

Tumor-derived exosomes containing the tetraspanin Tspan8 can efficiently induce angiogenesis in tumors and tumor-free tissues. However, little information exists on exosome-endothelial cell (EC) interactions or the proangiogenic role of tetraspanins, which are a constitutive component of exosomes. In this study, we used a rat adenocarcinoma model (AS-Tspan8) to explore the effects of exosomal Tspan8 on angiogenesis. Tspan8 contributed to a selective recruitment of proteins and mRNA into exosomes, including CD106 and CD49d, which were implicated in exosome-EC binding and EC internalization. We found that EC internalized Tspan8-CD49d complex-containing exosomes. Exosome uptake induced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-independent regulation of several angiogenesis-related genes, including von Willebrand factor, Tspan8, chemokines CXCL5 and MIF, chemokine receptor CCR1, and, together with VEGF, VEGF receptor 2. EC uptake of Tspan8-CD49d complex-containing exosomes was accompanied by enhanced EC proliferation, migration, sprouting, and maturation of EC progenitors. Unraveling these new pathways of exosome-initiated EC regulation could provide new options for therapeutic interference with tumor-induced angiogenesis.
Recovery and characterization of spontaneous, selenate-resistant mutants of Magnaporthe grisea , the rice blast pathogen (1998)

There have been numerous biochemical mutants of Magnaporthe grisea previously described. In this study, selenate-resistant (sel) mutants were recovered and characterized. The mutants were recovered as spontaneous, fast-growing sectors arising from initially restricted colonies grown in the presence of 0.1% sodium selenate. Over 94% of the sectors generated were resistant to selenate, and approximately 70% of the selenate-resistant mutants were unable to utilize sulfate sulfur. The sulfate non-utilizing (sul) mutants could be distinguished from wild type by their thin expansive growth with little or no aerial mycelium on a defined minimal medium with sulfate as the sole sulfur source. However, growth of the sul mutant was comparable to the wild type when given L-methionine as a reduced sulfur source. Sul mutants were recovered from all 36 isolates examined representing four distinct MGR586 DNA fingerprint groups commonly found on rice in Arkansas. The frequency of sul mutants recovered from the 36 isolates varied on different media and among the different isolates examined. Generally, sectoring frequency and the number of sul mutants recovered was much higher on rice bran agar amended with selenate (0.1 to 1.4 sectors per colony) than on a defined minimal medium amended with selenate (0.0 to 0.7 sectors per colony). No sectors were observed on potato dextrose agar amended with 0.1% sodium selenate. The mean sectoring frequency among isolates in MGR586 DNA fingerprint group B was significantly higher than among isolates in three other fingerprint groups examined. Complementation tests with multiple sul mutants from a given isolate and sexual crosses among sul mutants of two fertile laboratory isolates indicated that the sul mutation was at a single locus. The sul mutants tested were pathogenic on rice in greenhouse tests and indistinguishable in their virulence phenotype to the corresponding wild type. The sul mutation was stable and may be useful as a marker in epidemiological studies.
A study of expected lifetime of XLPE insulation cables working at elevated temperatures by applying accelerated thermal ageing (2020)

Deterioration of cable insulation during its normal operation is a major concern. Usually, electric cables receive less periodic maintenance compared to the other electric components, although they are subjected to several environmental conditions during operation such as high temperature and oxidative atmospheres. In this study, a standardized accelerated thermal ageing technique was used, with the application of the Arrhenius model. This technique is commonly used in accelerated life testing to establish a lifetime-stress relationship and estimate cable lifetime. Two types of Cross-Linked Polyethylene (XLPE) material working at elevated temperatures between 95 and 105 °C were selected for testing. In such accelerated ageing processes, it is required for the insulation to reach a degradation level, which is considered the end of life for the material under evaluation. The end of life criteria (also called endpoint) is defined as a percentage reduction of elongation at break, which is considered in this study to be 50% retention of elongation at break. Thermal ageing was carried out according to the BS 7870-2 standard, while elongation at break was evaluated at several ageing stages. The uncertainty in the measurement was estimated. The short-term data points determined by ageing treatment is represented graphically in the Arrhenius plot. The extrapolation of such data was used to predict the long-term performance and estimate the cable lifetime. The lifetime for XLPE is expected to be between 40 and 60 years at 90 °C rated operating temperature. Experimental findings of this study show an estimated cable lifetime between 7 and 30 years for rated operating temperatures between 95 and 105 °C.
Interactive Log Simulation and Inversion on the Web (2004)

Abstract Log simulation is critical for understanding and interpreting logging tool responses. It helps the log analyst understand near-wellbore measurements in complex environments, and particularly in anomalous situations. Simulated logs can also be used in "what-if" scenarios or as part of an iterative scheme to invert for the formation&amp;#39;s geometry and material properties. We describe our implementation of a forward modeling and inversion environment with a multitier, Web-based architecture. The Web platform offers universal access from the user&amp;#39;s desktop through a common Web browser to the simulator engine, running on a high-performance compute server. The application also allows the user to invert for near-wellbore rock properties from a set of logs. In addition to user-accessible Web pages for interactive use of the application, a programmatically accessible log simulation Web Service is created. Regardless of the host platform, this allows any networked application to access the simulator library without the need to replicate code, thus facilitating the development of formation evaluation applications. Because the library is hosted on a high-performance cluster (HPC), the computational engine always runs in the shortest possible time.
Time Resolved Measurement of Cold Start HC Concentration Using the Fast FID (1996)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Understanding mixture formation phenomena during the first few cycles of an engine cold start is extremely important for achieving the minimum engine-out emission levels at the time when the catalytic converter is not yet operational. Of special importance is the structure of the charge (film, droplets and vapour) which enters the cylinder during this time interval as well as its concentration profile. However, direct experimental studies of the fuel behaviour in the inlet port have so far been less than fully successful due to the brevity of the process and lack of a suitable experimental technique.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;We present measurements of the hydrocarbon (HC) concentration in the manifold and port of a production SI engine using the Fast Response Flame Ionisation Detector (FRFID). It has been widely reported in the past few years how the FRFID can be used to study the exhaust and in-cylinder HC concentrations with a time resolution of a few degrees of crank angle, and the device has contributed significantly to the understanding of unburned HC emissions. Using the FRFID in the inlet manifold is difficult because of the presence of liquid droplets, and the low and fluctuating pressure levels, which leads to significant changes in the response time of the instrument. However, using recently developed procedures to correct for the errors caused by these effects, the concentration at the sampling point can be reconstructed to align the FRFID signal with actual events in the engine.&lt;/div&gt;
Figure S6 from Monoclonal Antibodies Directed against Cadherin RGD Exhibit Therapeutic Activity against Melanoma and Colorectal Cancer Metastasis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;RGD mAbs blocking effects require the presence of α2 integrin&lt;/p&gt;
Modulations in AlB2-type rare earth germanides and silicides (2006)

The food-borne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes causes severe infections in immunocompromised patients.At 30% the mortality rate of this pathogen far exceeds that of other foodborne pathogens.The first step of listerial infection involves the uptake of bacteria into epithelial cells of the intestine.This uptake is mediated by the interaction of the major invasin Internalin (InlA) with its human receptor E-Cadherin.We have previously investigated the recognition complex between InlA and human E-cadherin by crystallizing functional fragments of both proteins (InlA' and hEC1).The leucinerich-repeat (LRR) protein InlA is found to bind the N-terminal domain of E-cadherin by its 15 unit LRR-domain.Nevertheless, despite a large interaction surface, the complex is surprisingly weak.Presently, we have undertaken to investigate whether this low affinity is of biological relevance.For this purpose we have substituted individual amino acids in InlA' to increase the affinity for hEC1.We have identified two residues that, when suitably mutated, improve the binding strength 2500-fold.We have furthermore generated strains of L. monocytogenes that incorporate the InlA-mutations within the genome.This allows the effect of the higher affinity InlA-variants on the uptake of L. monocytogenes into human epithelial cells to be analyzed.
Thermocatalytic Hydrogenation of CO2 to Methanol Using Cu-ZnO Bimetallic Catalysts Supported on Metal–Organic Frameworks (2022)

The thermocatalytic hydrogenation of carbon dioxide (CO2) to methanol is considered as a potential route for green hydrogen storage as well as a mean for utilizing captured CO2, owing to the many established applications of methanol. Copper–zinc bimetallic catalysts supported on a zirconium-based UiO-66 metal–organic framework (MOF) were prepared via slurry phase impregnation and benchmarked against the promoted, co-precipitated, conventional ternary CuO/ZnO/Al2O3 (CZA) catalyst for the thermocatalytic hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol. A decrease in crystallinity and specific surface area of the UiO-66 support was observed using X-ray diffraction and N2-sorption isotherms, whereas hydrogen-temperature-programmed reduction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed the presence of copper active sites after impregnation and thermal activation. Other characterisation techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis were employed to assess the physicochemical properties of the resulting catalysts. The UiO-66 (Zr) MOF-supported catalyst exhibited a good CO2 conversion of 27 and 16% selectivity towards methanol, whereas the magnesium-promoted CZA catalyst had a CO2 conversion of 31% and methanol selectivity of 24%. The prepared catalysts performed similarly to a CZA commercial catalyst which exhibited a CO2 conversion and methanol selectivity of 30 and 15%. The study demonstrates the prospective use of Cu-Zn bimetallic catalysts supported on MOFs for direct CO2 hydrogenation to produce green methanol.
Heterogeneous Through-Plane Distributions of Tortuosity, Effective Diffusivity, and Permeability for PEMFC GDLs (2010)

In this work, we applied the Tomadakis and Sotirchos transport model to heterogeneous porosity distributions measured from high resolution microscale computed tomography visualizations of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) gas diffusion layers (GDLs). We calculated the corresponding local distributions of tortuosity , relative diffusivity , and single phase permeability . The heterogeneous distributions of relative diffusivity and permeability strongly correspond to the measured heterogeneous porosity distributions, exhibiting transitional surface and core regions. Reasonable agreement was found between the average properties of the GDL core region with bulk values from literature. This work provides insight into the heterogeneity of important properties, which should be considered when modeling transport phenomena in the PEMFC GDL.