gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dispersity in polymer science (IUPAC Recommendations 2009) (2009)

Abstract This recommendation defines just three terms, viz., (1) molar-mass dispersity, relative-molecular-mass dispersity, or molecular-weight dispersity; (2) degree- of-polymerization dispersity; and (3) dispersity. "Dispersity" is a new word, coined to replace the misleading, but widely used term "polydispersity index" for M w / M n and X w / X n . The document, although brief, also has a broader significance in that it seeks to put the terminology describing dispersions of distributions of properties of polymeric (and non-polymeric) materials on an unambiguous and justifiable footing.
Liraglutide With Metformin Therapy Ameliorates Hepatic Steatosis and Liver Injury in a Mouse Model of Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis (2023)

Our results provide evidence for the anti-NASH activity of liraglutide in combination with metformin. Liraglutide with metformin may offer the potential for a disease-modifying intervention for NASH.
Dehydration Rather Than HF Capture Explains Performance Improvements of Li-Ion Cells by Ceramic Nanoparticles (2019)

Instability of nickel-rich layered oxides at high voltages is an impediment to their wider use in Li-ion batteries. HF generated via LiPF6 hydrolysis accelerates corrosion, further destabilizing the material. Ceramic particles are believed to interfere with this corrosion by scavenging HF. Here we show that the likely mechanism is, in fact, disruption of the hydrolytic cycle due to adsorption of water on ceramic particles, which MgO performed the best. We suggest that hydrolysis prevention rather than post-factum remediation of hydrolytic damage makes a more efficient strategy for protection of the high-voltage cathodes.
Evaluation of Adhesion and Properties of Sprayed Coating by Ultrasonic Testing Method (1998)

Abstract This study evaluates a nondestructive method for determining the adhesion strength and porosity of thermally sprayed coatings. The method is based on ultrasonic surface echo measurements. Porosity is surmised by the impedance of the coating and adhesion by the transmission coefficient. Experimental results confirmed that the method is effective for its intended use.
ChemInform Abstract: (1.3)‐Carbanionic Rearrangements. Synthesis of Bis‐(o‐hydroxyphenyl) silane Derivatives. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Experimental Results on the Performance of Optical Spatial Modulation Systems (2012)

Spatial Modulation (SM) is a relatively new tech- nique to include information bits in the spatial domain, combining multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) and digital modulation techniques. The increase on the overall data rate is achieved by activating only one transmitter at any time, whereas the index of the active emitter represents data bits. At the receiver side the active transmitter index is estimated based on the channel gain for the different paths. In this work we show the behaviour of an optical SM wireless communications system. A fully operative test system consisting of four transmitters and one receiver has been implemented and tests have been conducted to obtain the symbol error rate (SER) for different link distances. Results show the strong relation between the error rate achieved and the relative channel gain differences between all channels rather than the individual signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).
Coordinating modeling and experimental research of engineered nanomaterials to improve life cycle assessment studies (2015)

There is an opportunity to facilitate responsible nanotechnology research and development through improved collaboration between life cycle modeling and experimental efforts.
Cimentación y estructura de la zona del Claustro (2007)

Three clearly different areas may be distinguished in the extension to the Prado Museum: the Cloisters, the Auditorium and the Foyer. The work carried out in the area of the cloisters was the most exacting and required deep excavation just a few metres from the Church of Los Jeronimos. This article focuses on the preliminary studies, the structural type and the construction process adopted in the execution of the work.
ES-SAGD; Past, Present and Future (2009)

Abstract North America's long-term energy future depends heavily upon the Athabasca oilsands. Only 15% of these deposits are at mineable depths (&amp;lt;90m) and thus 85% of the oilsands (232 billion bbl recoverable reserves) must be recovered using in-situ techniques. Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) has become the method of choice for oilsand producers and it is therefore critical to optimize this process. ES-SAGD or expanding solvent steam assisted gravity drainage involves the co-injection of a hydrocarbon solvent and steam to improve recovery from the SAGD process. The hydrocarbon solvent is soluble in bitumen at reservoir conditions and serves to decrease its viscosity thereby increasing the production rate over a process driven solely by steam. This paper investigates several ES-SAGD pilot projects with a focus on the Nexen-OPTI ES-SAGD project at Long Lake. Additionally, a literature search was performed and the data, found in public ES-SAGD papers on steam-solvent labs and simulation studies, is summarized. Nexen is also currently involved in a lab experiment being operated by AGAT involving a comparison of the performance of different hydrocarbon solvents for assisting the SAGD process. ES-SAGD should be pursued because successful implementation would significantly improve profitability by accelerating production, decreasing water losses and decreasing steam requirements. Additionally this will address environmental concerns by decreasing CO2 emissions. ES-SAGD will also increase reserves both per well pair and on a total oilsands basis.
Determination of selenium in biological materials by neutron activation analysis (1988)

The concentration of selenium in biological material, e.g., human blood serum, was determined by neutron activation analysis, with prior sample decomposition by wet digestion, followed by coprecipitation with bismuth and lead tetramethylenedithiocarbamate as a means of pre-concentration. Selenium was determined by measuring the gamma-ray photopeak of the short-lived radionuclide 77Sem(t½= 17.4 s). The selenium concentration in the sera ranged from 101.3 to 116.3 ng ml–1(mean, 108.2 ± 4.5 ng ml–1). The validity of the method was checked using the certified biological reference materials NBS SRM 1577 Bovine Liver and IAEA dried animal whole blood (A-2-1974), for which the concentrations of selenium were found to be 1.05 ± 0.05 and 0.56 ± 0.06 µg g–1, respectively. The detection limit for selenium was 17 ng per millilitre of blood serum.
Experimental evaluation of the impact of receiver front-end on spectrum sensing (2015)

This paper investigates the evaluation of a spectrum sensing technique from the point of view of detection degradation caused by the real receiver front-end imperfections. Two spectrum sensing detectors (energy detector and goodness of fit - based detector) have been tested with various modulation formats for four different types of front-ends in form of daughter-boards for widely used radio device USRP. After analysis of front-end architectures and their noise parameters, the real detection performance has been confirmed by the real experimental measurements and receiver operational characteristics evaluation.
Targeted Mineral Carbonation to Enhance Wellbore Integrity (2019)

This project evaluated the potential to deploy targeted carbonation reactions to the leading edge of leaking CO2 ganglion as a strategy for mitigating leakage from deep CO2 injection sites. Tasks that were performed for this objective included (i) Maintaining and revising the project management and planning; (ii) Developing novel stimuli-responsive materials that release mineral silicates only below a target temperature; (iii) Imaging of subsamples from targeted carbonation demonstration experiments in porous media and fractured wellborn-zone environments; and (iv) Building models to best fit the experiment results and confirm the hypothesis driving this work.
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic studies of the chemical nature of as-prepared and NaOH-treated porous silicon layer (1993)

The effect of various surface treatments of a porous silicon layer (PSL) including etching in NaOH solution on the chemical nature of the surface was studied using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. As-prepared PSL, which is formed by anodic oxidation of silicon in ethanolic HF solution, is covered with silicon oxide. NaOH treatment removes the surface oxide almost completely. Chemical states of surface silicon at the NaOH-treated PSL surface are very close to that at the HF-treated silicon surface. Surface oxygen on the NaOH-treated PSL surface seems to be in the form of Si-OH.
Monte Carlo simulation of language change in Tikopia & Maori (1969)

Article Free Access Share on Monte Carlo simulation of language change in Tikopia & Maori Authors: Sheldon Klein University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin University of Wisconsin, Madison, WisconsinView Profile , Michael A. Kuppin University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin University of Wisconsin, Madison, WisconsinView Profile , Kirby A. Meives University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin University of Wisconsin, Madison, WisconsinView Profile Authors Info & Claims COLING '69: Proceedings of the 1969 conference on Computational linguisticsSeptember 1969Pages 1–27https://doi.org/10.3115/990403.990424Published:01 September 1969Publication History 1citation262DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations1Total Downloads262Last 12 Months19Last 6 weeks5 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
HyperSafe: A Lightweight Approach to Provide Lifetime Hypervisor Control-Flow Integrity (2010)

Virtualization is being widely adopted in today's computing systems. Its unique security advantages in isolating and introspecting commodity OSes as virtual machines (VMs) have enabled a wide spectrum of applications. However, a common, fundamental assumption is the presence of a trustworthy hypervisor. Unfortunately, the large code base of commodity hypervisors and recent successful hypervisor attacks (e.g., VM escape) seriously question the validity of this assumption. In this paper, we present HyperSafe, a lightweight approach that endows existing Type-I bare-metal hypervisors with a unique self-protection capability to provide lifetime control flow integrity. Specifically, we propose two key techniques. The first one, non-bypassable memory lockdown, reliably protects the hypervisor's code and static data from being compromised even in the presence of exploitable memory corruption bugs (e.g., buffer overflows), therefore successfully providing hypervisor code integrity. The second one, restricted pointer indexing, introduces one layer of indirection to convert the control data into pointer indexes. These pointer indexes are restricted such that the corresponding call/return targets strictly follow the hypervisor control flow graph, hence expanding protection to control-flow integrity. We have built a prototype and used it to protect two open-source Type-I hypervisors: BitVisor and Xen. The experimental results with synthetic hypervisor exploits and benchmarking programs show HyperSafe can reliably enable the hypervisor self-protection and provide the integrity guarantee with a small performance overhead.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon‐inducible DNA adducts: Evidence by 32P‐postlabeling and use of knockout mice for Ah receptor‐independent mechanisms of metabolic activation in vivo (2002)

There is significant human exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), many of which are potent carcinogens in laboratory animals and are suspected human carcinogens. The PAHs are bioactivated by cytochrome P450 (CYP)1A1/1B1 enzymes to reactive intermediates that bind to DNA, a critical step in the initiation of carcinogenesis. The Ah receptor (AHR) plays a critical role in the induction of CYP1 enzymes (i.e., CYP1A1, 1A2 and 1B1) by PAHs such as benzo[a]pyrene (BP) and 3-methylcholanthrene (MC). In our investigation, we tested the hypothesis that AHR-null animals are less susceptible to PAH-induced DNA adduct formation than wild-type animals. Wild-type [AHR (+/+)] mice or mice lacking the gene for the AHR were treated with a single dose (100 micromol/kg) of BP or MC, and hepatic DNA adducts were analyzed by (32)P-postlabeling. BP induced multiple hepatic DNA adducts in wild-type as well as AHR-null animals, suggesting the existence of AHR-independent mechanisms for BP metabolic activation. On the other hand, DNA adduct formation was markedly suppressed in AHR-null animals exposed to MC, although the major MC-DNA adduct was produced in these animals. Hepatic activities and apoprotein contents of 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) (CYP1A1) and 7-methoxyresorufin O-demethylase (MROD) (CYP1A2) activities were markedly induced by BP and MC in the wild-type, but not, in AHR-null animals. CYP1B1 expression was also induced, albeit to a lesser extent by the PAH MC, but not BP, in the wild-type animals. In conclusion, these results demonstrate the existence of AHR- and CYP1A1-independent mechanisms of PAH metabolic activation in mouse liver, a phenomenon that may have important implications for PAH-mediated carcinogenesis.
Proteasomal degradation restricts the nuclear lifespan of AID (2008)

Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) initiates all postrearrangement processes that diversify the immunoglobulin repertoire by specific deamination of cytidines at the immunoglobulin (Ig) locus. As uncontrolled expression of AID is potentially mutagenic, different types of regulation, particularly nucleocytoplasmic shuttling, restrict the likelihood of AID-deoxyribonucleic acid encounters. We studied additional mechanisms of regulation affecting the stability of the AID protein. No modulation of protein accumulation according to the cell cycle was observed in a Burkitt's lymphoma cell line. In contrast, the half-life of AID was markedly reduced in the nucleus, and this destabilization was accompanied by a polyubiquitination that was revealed in the presence of proteasome inhibitors. The same compartment-specific degradation was observed in activated mouse B cells, and also in a non-B cell line. No specific lysine residues could be linked to this degradation, so it remains unclear whether polyubiquitination proceeds through several alternatives sites or through the protein N terminus. The nuclear-restricted form of AID displayed enhanced mutagenicity at both Ig and non-Ig loci, most notably at TP53, suggesting that modulation of nuclear AID content through proteasomal degradation may represent another level of control of AID activity.
A three-source multirate model for image compression (2002)

Current work in combining multirate filtering techniques with a three-source (low pass, edge, and texture) image model designed to increase control over perceptual edge quality is described. The model employs multirate subband filtering to code the low-pass source efficiently and to reconstruct the image from the sources. Spline modeling can be used to exploit the two-dimensional connectivity of the edge source. Parameters of the edge profile (edge-source values along the perpendicular direction) are chosen so that coding errors are not too perceptually objectionable. Using a two-level octave band frequency configuration and without coding the sources, the SNR is 57.0 dB, perceptually indistinguishable from the original.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Chernoff Bound and Saddlepoint Approximation for Outage Probability in IRS-Assisted Wireless Systems (2021)

We analyze the outage probability of an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-assisted communication network. An upper bound on the outage probability is formulated based on the Chernoff inequality. Furthermore, through an exact asymptotic (a large number of reflecting elements) analysis based on a saddlepoint approximation, we derive closed-form expressions of the outage probability for systems with and without a direct link and obtain the corresponding diversity orders. Simulation results corroborate our theoretical analysis and show the inaccuracies inherent in using the central limit theorem (CLT) to analyze system performance. Our analysis is accurate even for a small number of IRS elements in the high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regime.
Distribution of a highly lipophilic drug cannabidiol into different lymph nodes following oral administration in lipidic vehicle (2022)

Efficient delivery of highly lipophilic drugs or prodrugs to the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) can be achieved following oral administration with lipids. However, it remains unclear which specific MLN can be targeted and to what extent. Moreover, the efficiency of drug delivery to the retroperitoneal lymph nodes (RPLN) has not been assessed. The aim of this study was to assess the distribution of a highly lipophilic model drug cannabidiol (CBD), known to undergo intestinal lymphatic transport following administration with lipids, into specific MLN and RPLN in rats at various time-points post dosing. In vivo studies showed that at 2 h following administration, significantly higher concentrations of CBD were present in the region second from the apex of the MLN chain. From 3 h following administration, concentrations in all MLN were similar. CBD was also found at substantial levels in RPLN. This study demonstrates that drug concentrations in specific MLN are different, at least at the peak of the absorption process. Moreover, in addition to the MLN, the RPLN may also be targeted by oral route of administration, which may have further implications for treatment of a range of diseases.
Computing Mutation Coverage in Interpolation-Based Model Checking (2012)

Coverage is a means to quantify the quality of a system specification, and is frequently applied to assess progress in system validation. Coverage is a standard measure in testing, but is very difficult to compute in the context of formal verification. We present efficient algorithms for identifying those parts of the system that are covered by a given property. Our algorithm is integrated into state-of-the-art Boolean satisfiability problem-based model checking using Craig interpolation. The key insight into our algorithm is the re-use of previously computed inductive invariants and counterexamples. This re-use permits a a rapid completion of the vast majority of tests, and enables the computation of a coverage measure with 96% accuracy with only 5× the runtime of the model checker.
Bilateral Symptomatic Mucoid Degeneration of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament with Anterior Knee Pain but No Limited Knee Flexion (2021)

Mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a rare cause of anterior knee pain (AKP). Some case reports have been published; however, it is difficult to diagnose and is often underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed because of its pathophysiological ambiguity. We report a rare case of a patient diagnosed with bilateral mucoid degeneration of the ACL with AKP and no limited joint range of motion (ROM). A 59-year-old man with spontaneous right AKP was admitted to our hospital. He first underwent arthroscopic resection of the thickened medial plica protruding far into the medial patellofemoral joint (PFJ) but felt little effectiveness thereafter. He then had an arthroscopic release of the lateral patellar retinaculum because of valgus knee and patellar instability, which resulted in only temporary improvement. Then, the AKP relapsed, this time with limitations in the ROM. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI0 showed a diffuse, thickened ACL with a high inhomogeneous intensity in the T2-weighted and proton density weighted images and which looked similar to a celery stalk. Based on the patient's history and MRI findings, we suspected mucoid degeneration of the ACL and subsequently performed arthroscopic excision. At the same time, AKP appeared on the other side. Since the MRI demonstrated a similar celery stalk image as before, the same operation was performed on this side, as well. Finally, AKP and the limitation of the ROM were relieved approximately one month after surgery. Due to the patient only suffering from AKP with a preserved ROM, it took about 14 months to diagnose this disease. It should, therefore, always be considered in cases of AKP alone.
Efficient Compressive Sensing with Deterministic Guarantees Using Expander Graphs (2007)

Compressive sensing is an emerging technology which can recover a sparse signal vector of dimension n via a much smaller number of measurements than n. However, the existing compressive sensing methods may still suffer from relatively high recovery complexity, such as <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">O</i> (n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> ), or can only work efficiently when the signal is super sparse, sometimes without deterministic performance guarantees. In this paper, we propose a compressive sensing scheme with deterministic performance guarantees using expander-graphs-based measurement matrices and show that the signal recovery can be achieved with complexity <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">O</i> (n) even if the number of nonzero elements <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</i> grows linearly with n. We also investigate compressive sensing for approximately sparse signals using this new method. Moreover, explicit constructions of the considered expander graphs exist. Simulation results are given to show the performance and complexity of the new method.
Supplementary Methods from Deciphering the Impact of Common Genetic Variation on Lung Cancer Risk: A Genome-Wide Association Study (2023)

Supplementary Methods from Deciphering the Impact of Common Genetic Variation on Lung Cancer Risk: A Genome-Wide Association Study
Method and apparatus for forming ceramic oxide superconductors with ordered structure (1987)

Disclosed are products and processes for making improved magnetic and superconducting articles from anisotropic starting materials by initially reducing the starting materials into a powdered form composed of particles of uniform directional crystal structures, forming a directionally uniform aggregate of particles by exposing the aggregate to a magnetic field of desired magnitude and direction, and then compacting the aggregate into an integral solid body. 2 Figs.