gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CAD for Control Systems (2020)

and Identification Integrated Continuous-System Modeling and Simulation Environments, Francois E. Cellier Object-Oriented Modeling and Simulation, Sven Erik Mattsson, Mats Andersson, and Karl Johan AstrOm An Artificial Intelligence Approach to Environments for Modeling and Simulation, Derek A. Linkens Qualitative Modeling in Control, Roy Leitch Symbolic Modeling in Control, P. J. Gawthrop Identification of Linear Systems, Lennart Ljung Computer-Aided Analysis of Nonlinear Systems, S. A. Billings and B. R. Haynes Simulation Languages PSI: An Established Block-Oriented Simulation Program, P .P. J. van den Bosch Industrial Applications of SPEEDUP to Process Control, Mohammad Rahbar Industrial Plant Models for Research in Control System Design, Dean K. Frederick and Percival H. Hammond Design Techniques and Tools MATLAB: Its Toolboxes and Open Structure, P. J. Fleming, C. M. Fonseca, and T. P. Crummey Programming Language MaTX for Scientific and Engineering Computation, Masanobu Koga and Katsuhisa Furuta MAID: A Knowledge-Based Support System for Multivariable Control System Design, J. M. Boyle Optimization for Control Design, David Q. Mayne and Hannah Michalska Analysis and Design of Relay Control Systems, D. P. Atherton CAD Environments and HCI MATRIXx, Naren K. Gupta, Dan Groshans, and Steve P. Houtchens Computer-Aided Control Engineering Environments, James H. Taylor, Magnus Rimvall, and Hunt A. Sutherland ECSTASY: A Control System CAD Environment, N. Munro and C. P. Jobling CADACS: An Integrated Design Facility for Computer-Aided Design and Analysis of Control Systems, H. Unbehauen CACE Software Implementation Using Ada, Magnus Rimvall DB-Prolog Environments for Computer-Aided Control Engineering, J. M. Maciejowski and C. Y. Tan Graphical System Input for Design, P. H. M. Li and J. O. Gray Graphical User Interfaces in Computer-Aided Control System Design, H. A. Barker, M. Chen, P. W. Grant. C. P. Jobling, and P. Townsend
Review of catalyst materials and catalytic steam reforming reactions in SOFC anodes (2011)

It is expected that fuel cells will play a significant role in the future sustainable energy system, because of their high energy efficiency and possibility to use renewable fuels. Fuels, such as biogas, can be produced locally close to the customers. The improvement for FCs during the last years has been fast, but the technology is still in the early phases of development, in terms of cost, stability and market sharing. The reforming reaction of hydrocarbons (e.g., methane) is significant for an effective solid oxide fuel cell operation. This reaction could either be described by global kinetics or by elementary surface reaction kinetics. When a global approach is applied, the reaction rates depend on temperature, partial pressures, activation energy and the pre-exponential factor. Note that the last two mentioned parameters are normally calculated from experimental data. Different detailed reaction mechanisms (considering elementary surface kinetics) are developed, but there is a disagreement considering the involved reaction pathways, rate-limiting steps and intermediate species. It is found that detailed kinetics of the reforming reaction is important for design and development of new effective catalytic materials. A thermodynamic analysis tells that nickel and ruthenium are suitable catalytic materials for the methane reforming reactions. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ligand-Mediated Spin State Changes in a Cobalt-Dipyrrin-Bisphenol Complex (2020)

ABSTRACT: The influence of a redox-active ligand on spin changing events induced by coordination of exogenous donors is investigated within the cobalt complex &lt;b&gt;[Co&lt;sup&gt;II&lt;/sup&gt;(DPP&lt;sup&gt;•2‒&lt;/sup&gt;)]&lt;/b&gt;, bearing a redox-active &lt;b&gt;DPP&lt;sup&gt;2‒&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/b&gt; ligand (DPP = dipyrrin-bis-(&lt;i&gt;o,p&lt;/i&gt;-di-tert-butylphenolato) with a pentafluorophenyl moiety on the meso-position. This square planar complex was subjected to coordination of THF, pyridine, tBuNH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and AdNH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; (Ad = 1‑adamantyl), and the resulting complexes were analyzed with a variety of experimental (XRD, NMR, UV-Vis, HRMS, SQUID, Evans’ method) and computational (DFT, NEVPT2-CASSCF) techniques to elucidate the respective structures, spin states and orbital compositions of the corresponding octahedral bis-donor adducts, relative to &lt;b&gt;[Co&lt;sup&gt;II&lt;/sup&gt;(DPP&lt;sup&gt;•2‒&lt;/sup&gt;)]&lt;/b&gt;. This starting species is best described as an open-shell singlet complex containing a &lt;b&gt;DPP&lt;sup&gt;•2‒&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/b&gt; ligand radical that is antiferromagnetically coupled to a low-spin (S = ½) cobalt(II) center. The redox-active &lt;b&gt;DPP&lt;sup&gt;n‒&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/b&gt; ligand plays a crucial role in stabilizing this complex, and in its facile conversion to the triplet THF-adduct &lt;b&gt;[Co&lt;sup&gt;II&lt;/sup&gt;(DPP&lt;sup&gt;•2‒&lt;/sup&gt;)(THF)&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;]&lt;/b&gt; and closed-shell singlet pyridine and amine adducts &lt;b&gt;[Co&lt;sup&gt;III&lt;/sup&gt;(DPP&lt;sup&gt;3‒&lt;/sup&gt;)(L)&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;]&lt;/b&gt; (L = py, tBuNH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; or AdNH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;). Coordination of the weak donor THF to &lt;b&gt;[Co&lt;sup&gt;II&lt;/sup&gt;(DPP&lt;sup&gt;•2-&lt;/sup&gt;)]&lt;/b&gt; changes the orbital overlap between the &lt;b&gt;DPP&lt;sup&gt;•2‒&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/b&gt; ligand radical π-orbitals and the cobalt(II) metalloradical d-orbitals, which results in a spin-flip to the triplet ground state without changing the oxidation states of the metal or &lt;b&gt;DPP&lt;sup&gt;•2‒&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/b&gt; ligand. In contrast, coordination of the stronger donors pyridine, tBuNH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; or AdNH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; induces metal-to-ligand single-electron transfer, resulting in formation of low-spin (S = 0) cobalt(III)-complexes &lt;b&gt;[Co&lt;sup&gt;III&lt;/sup&gt;(DPP&lt;sup&gt;3‒&lt;/sup&gt;)(L)&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;]&lt;/b&gt; containing a fully reduced &lt;b&gt;DPP&lt;sup&gt;3‒&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/b&gt; ligand, thus explaining their closed-shell singlet electronic ground states.
Parthenocarpic Fruit Development in Tomato (2005)

Parthenocarpic fruit development is a very attractive trait for growers and consumers. In tomato, three main sources of facultative parthenocarpy, pat, pat-2, pat-3/pat-4, are known to have potential applications in agriculture. The parthenocarpic fruit development in these lines is triggered by a deregulation of the hormonal balance in some specific tissues. Auxins and gibberellins are considered as the key elements in parthenocarpic fruit development of those lines. An increased level of these hormones in the ovary can substitute for pollination and trigger fruit development. This has opened up genetic engineering approaches for parthenocarpy that have given promising results, both in quality and quantity of seedless fruit production.
A Sydnone Cycloaddition Route to Pyrazole Boronic Esters (2007)

Aus Dipol wird Diazol: Eine direkte und regioselektive Route zu funktionalisierten Pyrazolboronsäureestern verläuft über die Cycloaddition von Alkinylboronaten an Sydnone. Die Produkte können beispielsweise durch Suzuki-Kupplung oder N-Entschützung modifiziert werden, was ihren Nutzen für Synthesen unterstreicht. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2007/z703767_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Identification of dfrA14 in two distinct plasmids conferring trimethoprim resistance in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (2015)

This is the first description of mobilizable plasmids conferring trimethoprim resistance in A. pleuropneumoniae and, to our knowledge, the first report of dfrA14 in any member of the Pasteurellaceae. The identification of dfrA14 conferring trimethoprim resistance in A. pleuropneumoniae isolates will facilitate PCR screens for resistance to this important antimicrobial.
Home Range, Homing and the Homing Mechanism of the Salamander, Desmognathus fuscus (1972)

The home range of Desmognathus fuscus was studied along a gridsystem of stream consisting of 12 zones, each 3 m long. The mean activity radius (MAR) of recaptured animals averaged 1.14 ? 0.08 m; the mean distance traversed along the stream (x = 2.3 m) was about twice the MAR. Salamanders remained within 3 m of their original capture site for 15 to 87 days (x = 55.8 days). The home range was found to be less than 3 m along the stream. In the homing study, anosmic, blinded, sham treated, and normal salamanders were displaced downstream at 3 m intervals, ranging from 3 to 30 m; controls were returned to their original capture site. The homing performances of sham treated and blindeddisplaced animals were not significantly different from the normal-displaced animals; significantly fewer anosmic salamanders homed, most accepting the release site. The homing ability of the anosmic salamanders was significant since nearly all that homed returned from only a 3 m displacement. Only anosmic animals were disoriented after leaving the release site. Normal, sham treated, and blinded salamanders that homed remained home, some for at least 63 days. Over 95% of the control animals remained within 3 m of their home zone. These observations support the hypothesis that an olfactory mechanism rather than an optic and/or extraoptic mechanism dominates the homing behavior of D. fuscus.
Effect of respiratory rate and size of cannula on pressure and dead-space clearance during nasal high flow in patients with COPD and acute respiratory failure (2022)

Nasal high flow (NHF) is an efficient oxygenation tool for the treatment of respiratory failure. The study investigated the effect of breathing pattern on positive airway pressure and dead-space clearance by NHF. The breathing cycle during NHF was characterized in 26 patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF) and stable COPD and after mechanical ventilation (post-MV) via tracheostomy where also pressure was measured in the trachea. Dead-space clearance was measured in airway models during different breathing patterns. NHF reduced the respiratory rate (RR) and T<sub>I</sub>/T<sub>E</sub> through prolonging the T<sub>E</sub>; the T<sub>I</sub>/T<sub>E</sub> ranged between ≤0.5 observed in the COPD patients and ∼1.0 in the ARF patients. NHF via a standard medium-sized cannula interface generated a low-level expiratory pressure proportional to NHF rate and breathing flow; the median generated positive end-expiratory pressure was only 1.71 cmH<sub>2</sub>O at NHF 45 L/min. The dilution and purging of expired gas from a nasal cavity model were observed to occur at the end of expiration as expiratory flow slowed and the dynamic pressure decreased. The higher RR with shorter end-expiratory period resulted in reduced dead-space clearance by NHF; 20 L/min cleared 43 ± 2 mL at RR 15 min<sup>-1</sup> vs. 9 ± 5 mL at RR 45 min<sup>-1</sup>, <i>P</i> < 0.001, which was increased at higher NHF rate. At lower RR, the clearance was similar between NHF rates 20 and 60 L/min. Higher NHF rates elevate positive airway pressure, and at the increased RR can improve the clearance. This may enhance gas exchange and lead to a reduction in the work of breathing.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> During nasal high flow (NHF) an increased breathing frequency, which is commonly observed in acute respiratory failure, can lead to decreased dead-space clearance. Higher NHF rates increase the clearance and reduce the rebreathing which may eventually lower the respiratory rate and the work of breathing. Monitoring of the respiratory rate could be an important indicator of not only the respiratory function but also the NHF rate selection and the therapy efficacy.
Maintenance oral pantoprazole therapy is effective for patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and idiopathic hypersecretion (2003)

Objective
Maintenance proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy is effective for gastric acid hypersecretory states, although data with pantoprazole are limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of long term p.o. pantoprazole in individuals with hypersecretion.
Neural Text Generation from Structured Data with Application to the Biography Domain (2016)

This paper introduces a neural model for concept-to-text generation that scales to large, rich domains. It generates biographical sentences from fact tables on a new dataset of biographies from Wikipedia. This set is an order of magnitude larger than existing resources with over 700k samples and a 400k vocabulary. Our model builds on conditional neural language models for text generation. To deal with the large vocabulary, we extend these models to mix a fixed vocabulary with copy actions that transfer sample-specific words from the input database to the generated output sentence. To deal with structured data, we allow the model to embed words differently depending on the data fields in which they occur. Our neural model significantly outperforms a Templated Kneser-Ney language model by nearly 15 BLEU.
Matériaux moléculaires chiraux pour l'optoélectronique (2017)

International audience
Recent Advances in the Discovery of Norovirus Therapeutics (2015)

Noroviruses are members of the family Caliciviridae. Norovirus infections are a global health burden that impacts >20 million individuals annually in the U.S. alone. Noroviruses are associated with high morbidity among vulnerable populations, particularly immunocompromised patients. This perspective highlights recent developments related to the discovery and development of norovirus-specific small-molecule therapeutics as well as recent advances in our understanding of norovirus biology and pathogenesis. Most of the work in this area is at the early discovery stage and has been primarily focused on inhibitors of norovirus 3C-like protease and RNA dependent RNA polymerase. However, recent discoveries emanating from basic studies in norovirus research have resulted in the identification of new host-related drug targets that can be exploited. A repurposed compound has been advanced to human clinical studies.
ACOUSTIC EMISSION CHARACTERIZATION OF A GLASS-MATRIX COMPOSITE (1992)

Abstract Acoustic emission (AE) analyses have been performed on a high compliance, high failure strain randomly oriented carbon reinforced glass matrix composite. The composite exhibits a unique nonlinear stress-strain behavior with high failure strain during both uniaxial tensile and flexural testing. The extensive matrix cracking of this material during loading provides an excellent opportunity to study the fracture mechanism. In this study, two types of composites using similar constituents but different processing procedures resulting in different mechanical behavior, were studied. One composite showed a very pronounced non-linear stress-strain behavior during tensile testing. The curve consists of an initial linear portion, followed by a deviation from linearity and a large amount of longitudinal strain is produced with very little increase in the stress. The second composite did not show similar behavior with the slope of the stress-strain decreases continuously. The apparent different mechanical behavior of the two composites provided an excellent opportunity to use the AE characterization to distinguish two different fracture processes. This study concentrates on monitoring damage initiation and damage progression during tensile and flexural testing using acoustic emission sensors. Detailed examination of AE characterization, including cumulative AE events, event occurrence and its rate as a function of load, and amplitude distribution histograms of events at different load levels, reveals a different emission activities during tensile and flexural loading conditions, indicating different fracture patterns. The examination of amplitude distributions at various loads revealed that the method is sensitive enough to distinguish various fracture processes.
Characterization and Treatment of Cidofovir-Resistant Vaccinia (WR Strain) Virus Infections in Cell Culture and in Mice (2005)

The wild-type (WT) vaccinia (WR strain) virus is highly virulent to mice by intranasal inoculation, yet death can be prevented by cidofovir treatment. A cidofovir-resistant (CDV-R) mutant of the virus was developed by 15 Vero cell culture passages in order to determine cross-resistance to other inhibitors, growth characteristics, virulence in infected mice, and suitability of the animal model for studying antiviral therapies. Comparisons were made to the original WT virus and to a WT virus passaged 15 times in culture (WTp15 virus). Cidofovir inhibited WT, WTp15, and CDV-R viruses by 50% at 61, 56 and 790 microM, respectively, in plaque reduction assays, with similar inhibition seen in virus yield studies. Cross-resistance occurred with compounds related to cidofovir, but not with unrelated nucleosides. The resistant virus produced 300-fold fewer infectious particles (PFU) than WT and WTp15 viruses in mouse C1271 cells, yet replicated similarly in Vero (monkey) cells. The CDV-R virus was completely attenuated for virulence at 10(7) PFU per mouse in normal BALB/c mice and in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. The WTp15 virus was 100-fold less virulent than WT virus in BALB/c mice. Thus, the lack of virulence of the resistant virus in the animal model is explained partly by its reduced ability to replicate in mouse cells and by attenuation occurring as a result of extensive cell culturing (inferred from what occurred with the WTp15 virus). Lung and snout virus titre reduction parameters were used to assess antiviral activity of compounds in BALB/c mice infected intranasally with the CDV-R virus. Cidofovir, HDP-cidofovir and arabinofuranosyladenine treatments reduced lung virus titres <fourfold, and snout virus titres > or = eight-fold. The animal model appears to have limited utility in drug efficacy testing.
Epigenetic plasticity cooperates with cell-cell interactions to direct pancreatic tumorigenesis (2023)

The response to tumor-initiating inflammatory and genetic insults can vary among morphologically indistinguishable cells, suggesting as yet uncharacterized roles for epigenetic plasticity during early neoplasia. To investigate the origins and impact of such plasticity, we performed single-cell analyses on normal, inflamed, premalignant, and malignant tissues in autochthonous models of pancreatic cancer. We reproducibly identified heterogeneous cell states that are primed for diverse, late-emerging neoplastic fates and linked these to chromatin remodeling at cell-cell communication loci. Using an inference approach, we revealed signaling gene modules and tissue-level cross-talk, including a neoplasia-driving feedback loop between discrete epithelial and immune cell populations that was functionally validated in mice. Our results uncover a neoplasia-specific tissue-remodeling program that may be exploited for pancreatic cancer interception.
A method for simultaneous correction of spectrum hardening artifacts in CT images containing both bone and iodine (1997)

A method is described capable of correcting artifacts in x-ray computer tomography (CT) images due to beam hardening in an arbitrary number of substances. The method works with reconstructed image data and does not require the original raw data. It is necessary to have an estimate of the spectrum of the incident x-ray beam. The method is similar to previously described iterative methods that correct artifacts induced by bones. Our implementation was designed to correct for hardening in both bone and iodine contrast agent. It is necessary to identify those regions of the image which contain bone and iodine. A central concept is that of effective density, which is the ratio of CT number of the substance to that of water. It is necessary to establish by a preliminary experiment the relationship between CT number and mass density of iodine or bone. From these data one estimates path integrals through soft tissue (water equivalent), bone, and iodine using a reprojection algorithm applied to the given image. Given this input, a key equation is solved numerically which provides a correction term to be subtracted from the reprojected data. This can be shown to eliminate the nonlinear terms in the projections due to beam hardening, assuming that the original density estimates were correct. In principle, the method can be repeated iteratively to improve the accuracy. However, in our experience using an image of a phantom containing iothalamate meglumine and K2HPO4, scanned using the Siemens Evolution electron beam tomography scanner, the quality of the corrected image was excellent and no further iteration is needed for the phantoms studied. More research is needed to implement the method on clinical scans.
Association of free PSA percent, total PSA, age, and gland volume in the detection of prostate cancer (1999)

These results provide some evidence that the detection of prostate cancer is enhanced by measuring fPSA% in addition to the established measure of total PSA level. Further research is needed to identify other markers that have better sensitivity and specificity.
Epoxies toughened with triblock copolymers (2007)

Abstract Three different commercial triblock copolymers from Arkema were evaluated as potential toughening agents for two different lightly crosslinked epoxies. It was found that the plane strain fracture toughness, K IC , was on the order of 3.0 MPa√m for 10 parts per hundred resin (phr) of NanoStrength™ E20 resin (a styrene–butadiene–methylacrylate, SBM, type triblock copolymer) in epoxies cured with either aminoethylpiperazine or piperidine. In contrast, 10 phr NanoStrength E40 resin (also an SBM type triblock copolymer) was ineffective in toughening such epoxies. The difference in toughening effectiveness was attributed to the smaller amount of polybutadiene present in the E40 resin. The third toughening agent from Arkema was NanoStrength M22 resin, which is a symmetric triblock copolymer consisting of side blocks of PMMA surrounding a center block of poly(butyl acrylate) and is designated as MAM. At 10 phr MAM both lightly crosslinked epoxies exhibited improvements in toughness. Morphologies were characterized using TEM and toughening mechanisms revealed using SEM and TOM. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 1470–1481, 2007
Novel Methods for Obtaining High Modulus Aliphatic Polyamide Fibers (2005)

Super high modulus polyethylene fibers can be created by converting high molecular weight flexible PE chains into highly oriented and extended chain conformations. However, unlike polyethylene, aliphatic polyamides have very high cohesive energy and therefore cannot be easily drawn and highly oriented. This review addresses this fundamental problem by analyzing various novel approaches that can be used to suppress hydrogen bonding in these types of polyamides. Plasticization of such polymers with ammonia, iodine, salts, and Lewis acids, as well as dry spinning, wet spinning, and gel spinning, are discussed. Specialized techniques that involve vibrational zone drawing and annealing as well as laser heating zone drawing and annealing are also reviewed. Some of these methods definitely lead to remarkable improvements in initial modulus and other mechanical properties. The development of recombinant spider silk proteins as well progress in spinning these materials is also reported. The advantages and disadvantages of all of these processes are then summarized. Keywords: high modulus polyamide fibersaliphatic polyamidesrecombinant spider silk proteins