gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract IA13: The interplay between tumor cells, cancer associated fibroblasts, and immature myeloid cells in the esophageal tumor microenvironment (2016)

Abstract Esophageal cancer has two major subtypes: esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). ESCC is more common worldwide and illustrative of other SCCs (e.g. head/neck, lung) from a molecular pathogenesis viewpoint. EAC is rising in incidence in the United States and Western Europe. Unfortunately, 5-year survival remains dismal for both types, at about 15%. Interrogation of the esophageal tumor microenvironment, replete with desmoplasia, CAFs and diverse immune cells, may afford opportunities to reveal new therapeutic targets, especially in a combinatorial fashion. We have generated previously a conditional knockout model of p120-catenin whereby mice develop preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions in the esophagus. Tumor-derived cells secrete granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα). The tumors contain significant desmoplasia and immune cell infiltration. Immature myeloid cells (myeloid deriver suppressor cells or MDSCs) comprise a significant percentage of the immune cells present and likely participate in fostering a favorable tumor microenvironment, including the activation of fibroblasts. We have identified CD38 as playing a vital role in MDSC biology. CD38 belongs to the ADP-ribosyl cyclase family and possesses both ectoenzyme and receptor functions. It has been described to function in lymphoid and early myeloid cell differentiation, cell activation, and neutrophil chemotaxis. CD38high MDSCs are more immature than MDSCs lacking CD38 expression, suggesting a potential role for CD38 in the maturation halt found in MDSC populations. CD38high MDSCs also possess a greater capacity to suppress activated T cells, and promote tumor growth to a greater degree than CD38low MDSCs, likely as a result of increased iNOS production. In addition, we have identified novel tumor–derived factors, specifically IL-6, IGFBP3, and CXCL16, which induce CD38 expression by MDSCs ex vivo. Finally, we have detected an expansion of CD38+ MDSCs in peripheral blood of advanced-stage cancer patients. Additional work reveals cross-talk between CAFs and tumor cells through the induction of IL-6 and RANTES, suggesting there is interaction between tumor cells, CAFs and MDSCs. In aggregate, we find that CD38 (on MDSCs), IL-6 and RANTES (secreted by tumor cells and CAFs) serve to provide novel approaches in therapy. Citation Format: Tatiana Karakasheva, Eric Lin, Phil Hicks, Todd Waldron, Anil K. Rustgi. The interplay between tumor cells, cancer associated fibroblasts, and immature myeloid cells in the esophageal tumor microenvironment. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Function of Tumor Microenvironment in Cancer Progression; 2016 Jan 7–10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(15 Suppl):Abstract nr IA13.
Quantitative assessment of second language learners’ fluency by means of automatic speech recognition technology (2000)

To determine whether expert fluency ratings of read speech can be predicted on the basis of automatically calculated temporal measures of speech quality, an experiment was conducted with read speech of 20 native and 60 non-native speakers of Dutch. The speech material was scored for fluency by nine experts and was then analyzed by means of an automatic speech recognizer in terms of quantitative measures such as speech rate, articulation rate, number and length of pauses, number of dysfluencies, mean length of runs, and phonation/time ratio. The results show that expert ratings of fluency in read speech are reliable (Cronbach's alpha varies between 0.90 and 0.96) and that these ratings can be predicted on the basis of quantitative measures: for six automatic measures the magnitude of the correlations with the fluency scores varies between 0.81 and 0.93. Rate of speech appears to be the best predictor: correlations vary between 0.90 and 0.93. Two other important determinants of reading fluency are the rate at which speakers articulate the sounds and the number of pauses they make. Apparently, rate of speech is such a good predictor of perceived fluency because it incorporates these two aspects.
Track‐to‐track fusion with target existence (2014)

Local tracking in clutter initialises and updates true and false tracks. Local false track discrimination uses a track quality measure to confirm most of the true tracks, and to terminate most of the false tracks. Confirmed tracks are transmitted for track‐to‐track fusion. The sets of tracks being considered for fusion may contain both true and false tracks. The authors assume that each track information also includes the track quality measure in the form of the probability of target existence information. This information is used for additional false track discrimination at the fusion centre. They also use this information to enhance the track‐to‐track association. They propose three different strategies for track fusion with the target existence information: the ‘single target’, the ‘joint multitarget’ and the ‘linear multitarget’.
Change in Magnetic Microstructure Near the Martensitic Transformation in a Ni-Fe-Ga Alloy (2013)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Experimental Procedure Results and Discussions Summary
Perovskite-type oxides—The new approach to high-Tcsuperconductivity (1988)

This article appears in the following collection:Heating up of SuperconductorsThis collection marks the 30th anniversary of the discovery of high-temperature superconductors. The papers selected highlight some of the advances that have been made to date, both in understanding why these compounds behave in the way they do, and in utilizing them in applications.
Semi-supervised image database categorization using pairwise constraints (2005)

As image collections become ever larger, effective access to their content requires a meaningful categorization of the images. Such a categorization can rely on clustering methods working on image features, but should greatly benefit from any form of supervision the user can provide, related to the visual content. Semi-supervised clustering - learning from both labelled and unlabelled data - has consequently become a topic of significant interest. In this paper we present a new semi-supervised clustering algorithm, pairwise-constrained competitive agglomeration, which is based on a fuzzy cost function that takes pairwise constraints into account.
Perceived distance influences simulated walking time (2010)

Prior research has found imagined and executed actions often exhibit similar temporal characteristics, suggesting a common mechanism for both simulated and physical actions. However, discrepancies in the timing between simulated and executed actions emerge under encumberment. When wearing a heavy backpack imagined walking time increases, but actual walking times are unchanged (Decety et al., 1989). Similarly, when reaching with a weighted pencil imagined reaching times increase while actual reaching times remain unchanged (Ceretelli et al., 2000). These increases in the timing of imagined actions have been generally attributed to compensation for effort during simulation. We propose a more specific alternative explanation, perceived distance influences imagined actions. In the present work, we manipulated perceived distance to a target and measured imagined and actual walking times to the target. Previous research has shown perceived distance is affected by effort (Proffitt et al., 2003), intention (Witt et al., 2005), and environmental context (Witt et al., in press). Perceived distance was manipulated by placing a target on a hill, thus increasing effort and through the use of a barrier and segmented cones which created an illusion of increased distance. The actual target distance remained constant. The results showed the following: 1) Imagined walking times were higher when distances were perceived to be greater. 2) Positive correlations between imagined walking time and perceived distance were obtained. 3) Actual walking times did not change with manipulations of perceived distance. Our results indicate that perceived distance serves as input information for imagined actions. This specific explanation can account for changes in simulated walking times under encumberment and when manipulations of perceived distance occur.
Malignant fibrous histiocytoma: a proposed cellular origin and identification of its characterizing gene transcripts (2003)

Although malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) is one of the most diffuse and highly aggressive tumors among soft tissue sarcomas in adults, it is poorly characterized from the molecular point of view. The overt lack of expression of phenotypic markers in MFH cells and the hypothesis that MFH may originate from transformed multipotent stem/progenitor cells with mesenchymal features has led us to investigate this notion and search for 'MFH-specific' genes. To address this problem, we have undertaken a differential display-based three-pair comparative mRNA profiling of bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and cells isolated by primary MFH, leiomyosarcoma and smooth muscle cells, fibrosarcoma and dermal fibroblasts. This approach highlighted pair-wise analogies in gene expression patterns between matched tumor and healthy cells and yielded direct access to 43 genes differentially expressed between MSC and MFH cells. Eleven of the identified genes were selected for comparative evaluation of their expression levels in other sarcoma types, as well as potential markers for the detection of circulating tumor cells. Several of these genes defined the stem/progenitor versus MFH cell and some of them have the potential to be exploited for disclosure of circulating sarcoma cells. The striking similarity in the gene expression patterns observed in the two cell types was further corroborated by a remarkable similarity in the cell phenotypic markers that these cells expressed ex vivo. The findings open now the possibility to examine, also functionally, genes not previously known to be implicated in MFH development and strengthen the hypothesis that MFH originates from a mesenchymal progenitor cell.
Impedance control of a direct drive manipulator without using force sensors. (1989)

この研究は, 安定的な接触作業を実現するマニピュレータのインピーダンス制御法に関するものである.この方法は, マニピュレータの機械的インピーダンスを見かけ上変化させることにより, ロボットと環境との間の動的な相互作用を制御する.従来のインピーダンス制御法では, 力センサまたはトルクセンサを用いているため, マニピュレータの部品点数が増えたり構造が複雑になるという問題があった.この報告では, 力センサやトルクセンサを使用せずにインピーダンス制御を行う方法を提案する.マニピュレータの各軸の角速度・角加速度を推定し, 目標とするインピーダンスを実現するために各軸に必要なトルクを内部モデルから計算し各軸に加え制御する.2自由度のDDマニピュレータをもちいた接触作業によりその有効性を検証した.
Crossed-Beam Study of Co+(3F4)+Propane: Experiment and Density Functional Theory (2000)

A pulsed beam of Co+(3F4) crosses a pulsed beam of C3H8 or C3D8 gas under single collision conditions at collision energies of 0.01 eV and 0.21 eV. After a variable time delay t(ext) = 1-8 micros a fast high voltage pulse extracts product ions into a field-free flight tube for mass analysis. Consistent with earlier work, we observe prompt CoC3H6+ +H2 elimination products in 3:1 excess over CoC2H4+ +CH4 products at 0.21 eV on a 2-10 micros time scale. Long-lived CoC3H8+ complexes fragment predominantly back to Co+ +C3H8 reactants and to H2 elimination products on a 6-24 micros time scale. Density functional theory (B3LYP) calculations provide energies, geometries, and harmonic vibrational frequencies at key stationary points for use in a statistical rate model of the reaction. By adjusting two key multicenter transition state (MCTS) energies downward by 4-7 kcal mol(-1), we obtain good agreement with our decay time results and with the cross section versus collision energy of Armentrout and co-workers from 0.1-1.0 eV. B3LYP theory succeeds in finding relative energies of the MCTSs leading to CH4 and H2 in the proper order to explain the different product branching ratio for Co+ (which favors H2 over CH4) compared with its nearest neighbors Fe+ and Ni+ (which favor CH4 over H2).
Double Activators in Oxide Cathode Base Alloys (1953)

The presence of tungsten as a major impurity in the base metal of an oxide-coated cathode leads to the formation of the interface Ba3WO6. If silicon is also present, but as a minor impurity, this element gradually replaces tungsten in the interface to form Ba2SiO4. Similar reactions between titanium and aluminum with other known interface compounds were examined.
Monte Carlo simulation of pure tone audiometry reveals threshold-dependent differences in error (2023)

This study used a Monte Carlo simulation to evaluate the reliability of pure tone audiometry while incorporating information about the population distribution of thresholds. Results confirm that audiometric error (outcome threshold minus modeled threshold) is symmetric when simulated data are binned by modeled threshold. However, when data are binned by outcome threshold, the error depends on the relative distribution of modeled thresholds. When a realistic distribution is used, outcome thresholds of 0 dB HL show the lowest error rate. Bins with outcome thresholds &amp;lt;0 dB HL show a negative median error (outcome threshold &amp;lt; modeled threshold) and bins &amp;gt;0 dB HL show a positive median error (outcome threshold &amp;gt; modeled threshold). These results suggest that a substantial proportion of individuals who obtain a very good threshold during audiometric testing (−5 or −10 dB HL) are individuals who actually have higher thresholds, which are being underestimated. These findings are relevant for hearing conservation programs, which monitor for upward shifts from baseline thresholds. [The views expressed in this abstract are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy of the Department of Army/Navy/Air Force, Department of Defense, or U.S. Government.]
Single crystal structure, vibrational spectroscopy, gas sorption and antimicrobial properties of a new inorganic acidic diphosphates material (NH4)2Mg(H2P2O7)2•2H2O (2020)

We report on the successful synthesis of diammonium magnesium dihydrogendiphosphate (V) dihydrate compound (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Mg(H<sub>2</sub>P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>)<sub>2</sub>•2H<sub>2</sub>O using a wet chemical route. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and micro Raman spectroscopy are employed to characterize the compound. We demonstrate, using a multidisciplinary approach, that this compound is ideal for carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) capture in addition to other anthropogenic gasses. We show here -from both an experimental as well as from a density functional theory (DFT) calculations routes- the potential for adopting this compound into domestic air-conditioning units (ACUs). From these experiments, the resistance to bacterial growth is also investigated, which is critical for the adoption of this compound in ACUs. Our compound exhibits a higher methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) sorptivity as compared to CO<sub>2</sub> at 25 °C and 45 °C under pressures up to 50 bars. Furthermore, DFT electronic structure calculations are used to compute the main structural and electronic properties of the compound, taking into consideration the characteristics of the identified pores as a function of the progressive CO<sub>2</sub> vs. CH<sub>4</sub> loadings. Finally, the antibacterial assay reveals a strong antibacterial activity against the tested Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, with a large zone of inhibition against the tested E. Coli, S. Aureus and K. Pneumonia.
Computation of inner products of multivariate B-splines (1981)

In this paper we derive recurrence relations for inner products of multivariate B-splines of arbitrary spatial dimension and arbitrary knot sets.
Stromal regulation of the intestinal barrier (2023)

The intestinal barrier is a complex structure that allows the absorption of nutrients while ensuring protection against intestinal pathogens and balanced immunity. The development and maintenance of a functional intestinal barrier is a multifactorial process that is only partially understood. Here we review novel findings on the emerging role of mesenchymal cells in this process using insights gained from lineage tracing approaches, Cre-based gene deletion, and single-cell transcriptomics. The current evidence points toward a key organizer role for distinct mesenchymal lineages in intestinal development and homeostasis, regulating both epithelial and immune components of the intestinal barrier. We further discuss recent findings on functional mesenchymal heterogeneity and implications for intestinal regeneration and inflammatory intestinal pathologies.
Usability Evaluation of the Size of Small Touch Keys for the Smart Phone (2012)

This paper focuses on small touch key size and spacing that affect the usability of the smart phones. The experiments examined thirty-six different touch key designs, combinations of four touch key sizes (width (mm) <TEX>${\times}$</TEX>height (mm); <TEX>$4{\times}4$</TEX>, <TEX>$4{\times}7$</TEX>, <TEX>$7{\times}4$</TEX>, and <TEX>$7{\times}7$</TEX>), and nine spacings (horizontal (mm)<TEX>${\times}$</TEX>vertical (mm); <TEX>$0{\times}0$</TEX>, <TEX>$0{\times}1$</TEX>, <TEX>$0{\times}3$</TEX>, <TEX>$1{\times}0$</TEX>, <TEX>$1{\times}1$</TEX>, <TEX>$1{\times}3$</TEX>, <TEX>$3{\times}0$</TEX>, <TEX>$3{\times}1$</TEX>, and <TEX>$3{\times}3$</TEX>). Forty participants volunteered in the experiment. The completion time, error rate, identification discomfort, and control discomfort were measured. The results revealed that the touch key sizes of <TEX>$7{\times}7$</TEX> and <TEX>$7{\times}4$</TEX> provide the best performance in terms of the error rate measure, while the touch key size of <TEX>$7{\times}7$</TEX> provides the best results for other measures. In addition, touch key spacings of <TEX>$1{\times}1$</TEX>, <TEX>$1{\times}3$</TEX> and <TEX>$3{\times}1$</TEX> are regarded as the best for all the measures. The results of this study suggest a practical approach for the small touch key design for the smart phones.
Steady state temperature distribution of high voltage bushings-analysis and measurements (1988)

A computer program is developed to perform the thermal analysis of the temperature distribution of the conductor in a high-voltage bushing under steady-state conditions. A thermal circuit for an element of length dx of the conductor is analyzed, and a differential equation representing the thermal performance is obtained. The solution of the equation can be obtained without any prior measurements of conductor temperatures. The analysis is applied to a 69 kV air-to-air bushing with one end immersed in oil as well as to an experimental bushing. Good agreement between predicted and measured temperature distribution is obtained. The locations of hot spots inside the conductor, under different loading conditions, have been calculated with good accuracy. In order to reduce the hot spots, an evaporative cooling method is applied to both bushings and the conductor thermal analysis has been modified to include the cooling effect.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Stability Indicating Method Development And Validation Of Simultaneous Estimation Of Domperidone And Naproxen In Bulk And Tablet Dosage By Rp Hplc (2018)

<em>A rapid and precise Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatographic method has been developed for the validation of Domperidone and Naproxen in its pure form as well as in tablet dosage form. Chromatography was carried out on a Phenomenex Gemini C18 (4.6×250mm) 5µ column using a mixture of Acetonitrile: Water (10:90 v/v) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0ml/min, the detection was carried out at 264nm. The retention time of the Domperidone and Naproxen was 2.121, 3.643 ±0.02 mins, respectively. The method produced linear responses in the concentration range of 5-25µg/ml of Domperidone and 25-125µg/ml of Naproxen. The method precision for the determination of assay was below 2.0%RSD. The method is useful in the quality control of bulk and pharmaceutical formulations. The results have showed that Domperidone and Naproxen and the other degradation products were fully resolved and thus the method is stability-indicating. The developed method can be successfully employed for the routine analysis of Domperidone and Naproxen in API and Pharmaceutical dosage forms.</em> <strong>Key Words:</strong> <em>Domperidone, Naproxen, RP-HPLC, validation</em>
Latent Space Autoregression for Novelty Detection (2018)

Novelty detection is commonly referred to as the discrimination of observations that do not conform to a learned model of regularity. Despite its importance in different application settings, designing a novelty detector is utterly complex due to the unpredictable nature of novelties and its inaccessibility during the training procedure, factors which expose the unsupervised nature of the problem. In our proposal, we design a general framework where we equip a deep autoencoder with a parametric density estimator that learns the probability distribution underlying its latent representations through an autoregressive procedure. We show that a maximum likelihood objective, optimized in conjunction with the reconstruction of normal samples, effectively acts as a regularizer for the task at hand, by minimizing the differential entropy of the distribution spanned by latent vectors. In addition to providing a very general formulation, extensive experiments of our model on publicly available datasets deliver on-par or superior performances if compared to state-of-the-art methods in one-class and video anomaly detection settings. Differently from prior works, our proposal does not make any assumption about the nature of the novelties, making our work readily applicable to diverse contexts.
Serum Immunoglobulin G Response to Candidate Vaccine Antigens during Experimental Human Pneumococcal Colonization (2003)

The immune response to pneumococcal surface structures during colonization was examined in a model of experimental human pneumococcal carriage. Healthy uncolonized adults were given a type 23F or 6B pneumococcus, and a portion of these subjects became colonized (6 of 14 with type 23F and 6 of 8 with type 6B). Sera from colonized and uncolonized subjects were used to determine the titer of antibody specific to pneumococcal surface components under consideration in development of noncapsular polysaccharide-based vaccines. These vaccine candidates included pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA), choline binding protein A (CbpA), lipoteichoic acid, immunoglobulin A1 (IgA1) protease, pneumolysin, proteinase maturation protein A, and pneumococcal surface adhesin A. Only the two related choline binding proteins, PspA and CbpA, were immunogenic in colonized subjects as determined by a statistically significant rise in the serum IgG titer. The serum IgG response to PspA was shown previously to correlate inversely with susceptibility to carriage and was localized to a region within the N-terminal portion of PspA. This region is highly variable in amino acid sequence between pneumococcal strains. Despite the sequence diversity in the immunodominant regions of both PspA and CbpA, a significant strain-to-strain cross-reactivity in the serum IgG response following experimental human carriage was observed. These findings support the need for further investigation of the human antibody response to PspA and CbpA and the potential use of one or both of these proteins as novel vaccine antigens for the prevention of pneumococcal colonization.
Long-term Results of Subtotal vs Total Parathyroidectomy Without Autotransplantation in Kidney Transplant Recipients (2008)

Total parathyroidectomy in kidney transplant recipients appears to be safe and protective against persistent and recurrent disease. If subtotal parathyroidectomy is performed, the remnant should be small.