gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Noise2Noise: Learning Image Restoration without Clean Data (2018)

We apply basic statistical reasoning to signal reconstruction by machine learning -- learning to map corrupted observations to clean signals -- with a simple and powerful conclusion: it is possible to learn to restore images by only looking at corrupted examples, at performance at and sometimes exceeding training using clean data, without explicit image priors or likelihood models of the corruption. In practice, we show that a single model learns photographic noise removal, denoising synthetic Monte Carlo images, and reconstruction of undersampled MRI scans -- all corrupted by different processes -- based on noisy data only.
Following Solid‐Acid‐Catalyzed Reactions by MAS NMR Spectroscopy in Liquid Phase—Zeolite‐Catalyzed Conversion of Cyclohexanol in Water (2013)

Abstract A microautoclave magic angle spinning NMR rotor is developed enabling in situ monitoring of solid–liquid–gas reactions at high temperatures and pressures. It is used in a kinetic and mechanistic study of the reactions of cyclohexanol on zeolite HBEA in 130 °C water. The 13 C spectra show that dehydration of 1‐ 13 C‐cyclohexanol occurs with significant migration of the hydroxy group in cyclohexanol and the double bond in cyclohexene with respect to the 13 C label. A simplified kinetic model shows the E1‐type elimination fully accounts for the initial rates of 1‐ 13 C‐cyclohexanol disappearance and the appearance of the differently labeled products, thus suggesting that the cyclohexyl cation undergoes a 1,2‐hydride shift competitive with rehydration and deprotonation. Concurrent with the dehydration, trace amounts of dicyclohexyl ether are observed, and in approaching equilibrium, a secondary product, cyclohexyl‐1‐cyclohexene is formed. Compared to phosphoric acid, HBEA is shown to be a more active catalyst exhibiting a dehydration rate that is 100‐fold faster per proton.
Mosaic Method for Insulator Images Based on Region Characteristics (2020)

Abstract Based on the analysis of image registration methods based on region and feature, an image mosaic method based on edge statistical features is proposed. By using the mean and mean square deviation of RGB parameters of edge region pixels as matching criteria, this method improves the shortcomings of general region registration algorithm, such as large computational complexity, sensitivity to brightness and scale changes, poor real-time performance and adaptability, and simplifies the calculation of global region features of images to that of local region features. This method makes full use of the relevant information of the RGB parameters of the pixels. Compared with the registration calculation based on gray level, it has the characteristics of abundant optional features and high practicability.
Physicochemical, functional, and pharmacologic comparability between the proposed biosimilar rituximab GP2013 and originator rituximab as the foundation for biosimilarity. (2013)

3075 Background: Development of a biosimilar involves extensive characterization of the originator product and a target-directed iterative development process ensuring comparability to the originator with similar clinical efficacy, safety and quality. Here we report the physicochemical, functional and pre-clinical pharmacological characterization of a proposed rituximab biosimilar (GP2013). Methods: A variety of physicochemical methods were used to analyze primary and higher order structure, post-translational modifications and size heterogeneity. Functional characterization included a series of bioassays (in vitro target binding, ADCC, CDC and apoptosis) and SPR-based Fc receptor binding assays. Comparative PK and PD were assessed in cynomolgus monkeys, the pharmacologically most relevant species. Results: GP2013 has the same primary amino acid sequence and higher order structure as the originator rituximab and both were comparable with regard to charge variants, specific amino acid modifications, glycan pattern and size heterogeneity (low- and high-molecular weight variants &amp; particles). Functionally GP2013 could not be distinguished from originator rituximab preclinically. In primates, PK analysis confirmed bioequivalence between GP2013 and originator rituximab with nearly identical AUC values and 90% CIs entirely within the standard acceptance range of 0.8-1.25. Bioequivalence of PD response was also shown, with 95% CIs of areas under the effect-time curves (AUEC) ratios for relative change from baseline in B-cell populations within the 0.8-1.25 acceptance range. Conclusions: Using a broad panel of analytical methods it was shown that GP2013 is highly similar to originator rituximab at the physicochemical level. In addition, the preclinical comparability exercise confirmed that GP2013 and originator rituximab are pharmacologically similar with regard to FcR and CD20 binding, ADCC, CDC and apoptosis potency, PK exposure and B-cell depletion. As such, we anticipate that the ongoing clinical trials will help provide confirmatory evidence of similar efficacy and safety to the originator product.
Learning to calibrate age estimates. (2019)

Age is a primary social category and, with little effort, we can quickly approximate it from photographs. Here, we analyze1.5 million age judgments derived from a popular online website where participants estimate the age of a person depicted ina photograph, with feedback. We find that median age judgments across participants are linear in the actual age, with littlebias. However, the slope is considerably less than one, such that the aggregate overestimates the age of younger peopleand underestimates the age of older people. Age estimates are found to be unbiased at 37.5 years, which coincides with themedian age across all the depicted persons. These results are consistent with an account in which, over time, participantslearn to calibrate an analogue magnitude to the learned distribution of encountered ages, combining photographic evidencewith distributional information to arrive at an estimate that balances the two.
Deep CNN for Indoor Localization in IoT-Sensor Systems (2019)

Currently, indoor localization is among the most challenging issues related to the Internet of Things (IoT). Most of the state-of-the-art indoor localization solutions require a high computational complexity to achieve a satisfying localization accuracy and do not meet the memory limitations of IoT devices. In this paper, we develop a localization framework that shifts the online prediction complexity to an offline preprocessing step, based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). Motivated by the outstanding performance of such networks in the image classification field, the indoor localization problem is formulated as 3D radio image-based region recognition. It aims to localize a sensor node accurately by determining its location region. 3D radio images are constructed based on Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) fingerprints. The simulation results justify the choice of the different parameters, optimization algorithms, and model architectures used. Considering the trade-off between localization accuracy and computational complexity, our proposed method outperforms other popular approaches.
In Vitro Antiviral Activity and Preclinical and Clinical Resistance Profile of Miravirsen, a Novel Anti-Hepatitis C Virus Therapeutic Targeting the Human Factor miR-122 (2014)

Miravirsen is a β-D-oxy-locked nucleic acid-modified phosphorothioate antisense oligonucleotide targeting the liver-specific microRNA-122 (miR-122). Miravirsen demonstrated antiviral activity against hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1b replicons with a mean 50% effective concentration (EC50) of 0.67 μM. No cytotoxicity was observed up to the highest concentration tested (>320 μM) in different cell culture models, yielding a therapeutic index of ≥ 297. Combination studies of miravirsen with interferon α2b, ribavirin, and nonnucleoside (VX-222) and nucleoside (2'-methylcytidine) inhibitors of NS5B, NS5A (BMS-790052), or NS3 (telaprevir) indicated additive interactions. Miravirsen demonstrated broad antiviral activity when tested against HCV replicons resistant to NS3, NS5A, and NS5B inhibitors with less than 2-fold reductions in susceptibility. In serial passage studies, an A4C nucleotide change was observed in the HCV 5' untranslated region (UTR) from cells passaged in the presence of up to 20 μM (40-fold the miravirsen EC50 concentration) at day 72 of passage but not at earlier time points (up to 39 days of passage). Likewise, a C3U nucleotide change was observed in the HCV 5'UTR from subjects with viral rebound after the completion of therapy in a miravirsen phase 2 clinical trial. An HCV variant constructed to contain the A4C change was fully susceptible to miravirsen. A C3U HCV variant demonstrated overall reductions in susceptibility to miravirsen but was fully susceptible to all other anti-HCV agents tested. In summary, miravirsen has demonstrated broad antiviral activity and a relatively high genetic barrier to resistance. The identification of nucleotide changes associated with miravirsen resistance should help further elucidate the biology of miR-122 interactions with HCV. (The clinical trial study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT01200420).
Development of Commerical Automatic Colorimetric Titrator (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDevelopment of Commerical Automatic Colorimetric TitratorJ. M. Thoburn, C. M. Jankowski, and M. S. ReynoldsCite this: Anal. Chem. 1959, 31, 1, 124–128Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60145a028https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60145a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views37Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Preparation of a prolonged-release tablet formulation of diclofenac sodium. Part 1: Using chitosan. (1989)

Chitosan was used to prepare a prolonged-release tablet formulation of diclofenac sodium. Tablets were made by both direct-compression and wet granulation methods. The physical properties of tablets and granules were tested. The dissolution tests were performed by using USP dissolution and flow-through cell methods. A microcomputer program was used for the kinetic assessment of dissolution data. It was found that chitosan may be used for the preparation of the prolonged-release tablet of diclofenac sodium.
Taxonomic use of DNA G+C content and DNA–DNA hybridization in the genomic age (2014)

The G+C content of a genome is frequently used in taxonomic descriptions of species and genera. In the past it has been determined using conventional, indirect methods, but it is nowadays reasonable to calculate the DNA G+C content directly from the increasingly available and affordable genome sequences. The expected increase in accuracy, however, might alter the way in which the G+C content is used for drawing taxonomic conclusions. We here re-estimate the literature assumption that the G+C content can vary up to 3-5 % within species using genomic datasets. The resulting G+C content differences are compared with DNA-DNA hybridization (DDH) similarities calculated in silico using the GGDC web server, with 70% similarity as the gold standard threshold for species boundaries. The results indicate that the G+C content, if computed from genome sequences, varies no more than 1% within species. Statistical models based on larger differences alone can reject the hypothesis that two strains belong to the same species. Because DDH similarities between two non-type strains occur in the genomic datasets, we also examine to what extent and under which conditions such a similarity could be <70% even though the similarity of either strain to a type strain was ≥ 70%. In theory, their similarity could be as low as 50%, whereas empirical data suggest a boundary closer (but not identical) to 70%. However, it is shown that using a 50% boundary would not affect the conclusions regarding the DNA G+C content. Hence, we suggest that discrepancies between G+C content data provided in species descriptions on the one hand and those recalculated after genome sequencing on the other hand ≥ 1% are due to significant inaccuracies of the applied conventional methods and accordingly call for emendations of species descriptions.
In Vivo Measurement of Presynaptic Zn2+ Release during Forebrain Ischemia in Rats (2006)

Previous studies have suggested that during forebrain ischemia, considerable Zn2+ is released from synaptic vesicles of gultamatergic neuronal terminals and accumulates in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons, leading to delayed neuronal death. However, since a time lag exists between the accumulation of Zn2+ and the occurrence of ischemia and there are conflicting reports about the amount of Zn2+ released, the level of released Zn2+ during ischemia in vivo is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the temporal change of extracellular Zn2+ in the hippocampal CA1 area using microdialysis and the accumulation of Zn2+ in hippocampal CA1 neurons with TSQ staining in rats with a transient forebrain ischemia. The level of extracellular Zn2+ in the CA1 area increased transiently reaching a peak 15 min after occlusion, then decreased with time, returning to the basal level 15 min after reperfusion. In addition, at this peak, the level of extracellular Zn2+ was about twice the basal level. Assessment of the intracellular Zn2+ in hippocampal neurons with TSQ revealed that Zn2+ accumulate at 24 h, but not 0 and 6 h after ischemia. These results suggest that, although the synaptic vesicular Zn2+ is released into the synaptic cleft during ischemia in vivo, the amount of released Zn2+ might not be so excessive, and it does not accumulate in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons immediately after ischemia.
Microfluidic Adhesion Induced by Subsurface Microstructures (2007)

Natural adhesives in the feet of different arthropods and vertebrates show strong adhesion as well as excellent reusability. Whereas the hierarchical structures on the surface are known to have a substantial effect on adhesion, the role of subsurface structures such as the network of microchannels has not been studied. Inspired by these bioadhesives, we generated elastomeric layers with embedded air- or oil-filled microchannels. These adhesives showed remarkable enhancement of adhesion ( approximately 30 times), which results from the crack-arresting properties of the microchannels, together with the surface stresses caused by the capillary force. The importance of the thickness of the adhesive layer, channel diameter, interchannel spacing, and vertical position within the adhesive has been examined for developing an optimal design of this microfluidic adhesive.
Salon artystyczny (2022)

HistoryChanges occurring in the institution in late 1880s caused Warsaw’s artistic environment to lose most of its influence on the activity of Society for the Encouragement of Fine Arts (Towarzystwo Zachęty Sztuk Pięknych) in Warsaw. Art lovers and collectors became the majority of its managing sta
Distributed operation system model using directory service in telecommunication management network (2002)

The paper proposes a distributed operation system (OpS) model for the management of transmission networks. The model is based on the telecommunication management network (TMN), and uses directory service to settle some issues of the distributed system. The transmission networks need distributed OpSs that handle the huge number of network elements (NEs). An OpS manages managed objects that represent network resources. Identification of managed objects, NEs and OpSs is indispensable to establish management associations between them in the distributed environment. The proposed model uses the directory service to obtain those identifications. In order to effectively realize the directory function, the distributed directory realization method is proposed and evaluated. The simulation result confirmed the benefit of the distributed directory in reducing management traffic to obtain information.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
ZHX2 Interacts with Ephrin-B and Regulates Neural Progenitor Maintenance in the Developing Cerebral Cortex (2009)

Neural progenitor cells in the ventricular zone of the developing mammalian cerebral cortex give rise to specialized cortical cell types via consecutive rounds of proliferation and differentiation, but the mechanisms by which progenitor cell self-renewal and differentiation are regulated during cortical development are not well understood. Here, we show that zinc-finger and homeodomain protein 2 (ZHX2) is specifically expressed in neural progenitor cells during cortical neurogenesis. ZHX2 binds to the cytoplasmic domain of ephrin-B1, which is expressed in cortical neural progenitors and plays a role in neural progenitor cell maintenance. ZHX2 acts as a transcriptional repressor in cell, and its repressor activity is enhanced by coexpression of an ephrin-B1 intracellular domain. Blocking ZHX2 function in cultured neural progenitor cells or in the embryonic cortex causes neuronal differentiation, whereas overexpression of ZHX2 and an ephrin-B1 intracellular domain disrupts the normal differentiation of cortical neural progenitor cells. This study identifies ZHX2 as a novel regulator of neural progenitor cell maintenance and suggests a potential nuclear mechanism of the ephrin-B function in the cortex.
Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Bispirooxindole-Based Hexahydroxanthones with Five Contiguous Stereocenters (2019)

A bifunctional oxindole-chromone synthon 1 directed tandem reaction is developed, serving as a fruitful strategy for facile access to optically active hexahydroxanthones 3 bearing two spirooxindoles with five contiguous stereocenters. All of the bispirooxindole-based hexahydroxanthones 3 are smoothly obtained with up to 91% yield, >20:1 dr, and >99% ee. Biological evaluation of selected compounds 3 revealed that they exerted good cytotoxic effects on human K562, A549, and PC-3 cells.
Raoul Kopelman Festschrift (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEArticleNEXTRaoul Kopelman FestschriftRaoul Kopelman, Katja Lindenberg, Paras Prasad, and Joseph KlafterCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98, 30, 7219–7238Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1994Publication History Published online10 September 2003Published inissue 1 July 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100081a600https://doi.org/10.1021/j100081a600research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views162Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
First Search for Gravitational Wave Bursts with a Network of Detectors (2000)

We report the initial results from a search for bursts of gravitational radiation by a network of five cryogenic resonant detectors during 1997 and 1998. This is the first significant search with more than two detectors observing simultaneously. No gravitational wave burst was detected. The false alarm rate was lower than 1 per 10(4) yr when three or more detectors were operating simultaneously. The typical threshold was H approximately 4x10(-21) Hz-1 on the Fourier component at approximately 10(3) Hz of the gravitational wave strain amplitude. New upper limits for amplitude and rate of gravitational wave bursts have been set.
An In-memory-Computing DNN Achieving 700 TOPS/W and 6 TOPS/mm2 in 130-nm CMOS (2019)

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are increasingly popular in machine learning and have achieved the state-of-the-art performance in a range of tasks. Typically, the best results are achieved using a large amount of training data and large models, which make both training and inference complex. While GPUs are used in many applications for the parallel computing they provide, lower energy platforms have the potential to enable a range of new applications. A trend being observed is the ability to reduce the precision of weights and activations, with previous research showing that in some cases, weights and activations can be binarized [i.e., binarized neural networks (BNNs)], significantly reducing the model size. Exploiting this toward reduced compute energy and reduced data-movement energy, we demonstrate the BNN mapped to a previously presented in-memory-computing architecture, where binarized weights are stored in a standard 6T SRAM bit cell and computations are performed via an analog operation. Using a reduced size BNN, chosen to fit on the CMOS prototype (in 130 nm), MNIST classification is achieved with only 0.4% accuracy degradation (from 94%), but at 26× lower energy compared to a digital approach implementing the same network. The system reaches over 700-TOPS/W energy efficiency and 6-TOPS/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> throughput.