gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dietary fibre fermentation in the rat intestinal tract: effect of adaptation period, protein and fibre levels, and particle size (1985)

1. The fermentative breakdown of one resistant type of dietary fibre (wheat bran) and one easily-fermented fibre (low-methoxyl pectin) was studied with respect to the length of the adaptation period and fibre level in the diet. The breakdown of the resistant fibre was also studied regarding the protein level in the diet and particle size of the fibre. 2. Prolongation of the adaptation period from 4 to 18 d decreased the faecal dry weight considerably. The excretion of dietary fibre however, was similar, whereas a decrease in faecal nitrogen excretion could be seen. 3. A level of dietary protein of less than 50 g/kg impaired the fermentation of wheat-bran fibre, whereas a level higher than 100 g protein/kg did not further increase the degree of fermentation of the fibre. 4. The particle size did not change the fermentability of the fibre, equal amounts of the main components of coarse and milled bran being excreted in faeces. 5. Two different levels of wheat-bran fibre (48 and 96 g/kg) in the diet did not influence the fibre breakdown. Similar results were obtained with two levels of fibre from low-methoxyl pectin (42 and 84 g/kg), but a tendency towards a decreased percentage of faecal excretion of uronic acids was seen at the lower level of low-methoxyl pectin.
Exploring Behavioral Heterogeneities of Elementary School Students’ Commute Mode Choices Through the Urban Travel Big Data of Beijing, China (2019)

Students' commute mode choices have been recognized as an important factor affecting the physical and psychological health levels of children and urban traffic performance in peak hours. The influential patterns between most of the factors and students' commute mode vary depending on the characteristics of the city. This paper seeks to reveal such patterns specifically for elementary schools students in Beijing, China, as those students' commute behaviors have attracted considerable attention from society. The data from the Beijing School Commute Survey conducted in December 2014 and January 2015 were adopted. To account for the unobserved heterogeneity, a finite mixture multinomial logit (FMMNL) model was developed. Compared with the conventional MNL model, the FMMNL is superior due to the smaller AIC and BIC values. More importantly, the FMMNL model is flexible and able to detect some complicated mode choice behaviors. For example, the results of the FMMNL model indicate that there are two types of students, those who tend to use a car and those who tend to use a bicycle, as their grade increases. Such a heterogeneous pattern is difficult to be detected by conventional models. The finer results produced by the FMMNL model would be the references for policymakers to design more targeted policies. Findings in this paper could be the references to other cities in China and the world.
Composición florística del Bosque Chaqueño Serrano de la provincia de Córdoba, Argentina (2011)

Si bien el Chaco Serrano constituye una de las principales unidades fitogeograficas de la provincia de Cordoba, son escasos y restringidos los relevamientos floristicos disponibles. Por ello, en este trabajo se analiza la composicion floristica del Chaco Serrano entre los 400 y 1700 m.s.m. A lo largo de los cuatro cordones montanosos que lo componen, realizamos 437 relevamientos completos de plantas vasculares, en cuadrados homogeneos de 20 × 20 m. Se registraron un total de 106 familias, 476 generos y 896 especies de plantas vasculares. Las dos familias mejor representadas fueron Poaceae (157) y Asteraceae (143). Los generos con mayor numero de especies correspondieron a Baccharis, Eupatorium, Euphorbia, Gymnocalycium y Tillandsia. Las formas de vida con mayor numero de especies fueron hierbas perennes siempre-verdes (221), graminoides (143) y arbustos (124); los arboles nativos registrados fueron 27. Del total de especies registradas, 102 (11%) fueron exoticas, 29 de ellas lenosas. Se registraron aproximadamente la mitad de especies previamente citadas para la provincia de Cordoba. Ademas, se mencionan 6 citas nuevas para la provincia. Estos resultados ponen de manifiesto la importancia de la unidad fitogeografica del Chaco Serrano para la conservacion de la flora de la provincia de Cordoba
Molecular organization and germinal instability of R-stippled maize. (1995)

The spotted seed allele R-stippled (R-st) is comprised of the following genetic components: strong seed color (Sc), inhibitor-of-R (I-R) and near-colorless seed (Nc). I-R is a mobile element that represses (Sc) expression irregularly. Germinal I-R losses produce progeny with fully colored seed. Southern blot analysis revealed four r-hybridizing segments in R-st and three, two or one in two sets of unequal crossover deletion products. By comparison to published reports of r gene structure, we maintain that each segment contains at least one r gene. The proximal r gene, Sc, confers strong seed color; the three distal r genes together produce near-colorless seed. R-st's seed spotting phenotype is correlated with the presence of a 3.3-kb insert in Sc identified as I-R. The level of the near-colorless phenotype is inversely correlated with the number of r genes present, suggesting involvement of a multiple copy silencing mechanism in their regulation. Phenotypic changes in R-st occurred primarily by unequal exchange between r genes. The locations of exchange positions showed a strong polarity, nearly all occurring in the 3' portions of the identified r genes.
Supplementary Figure 4 from Dual Inhibition of Canonical and Noncanonical NF-κB Pathways Demonstrates Significant Antitumor Activities in Multiple Myeloma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 119K, Data including MTT results and Western-Blot IκBα, P-IκBα, and p38 in ANBL6-VR5 cells.&lt;/p&gt;
Ion Beam Sputtered Coatings of Bioglass (1982)

The ion beam sputtering technique available at the NASA-Lewis was used to apply coatings of bioglass to ceramic, metallic, and polymeric substrates. Experiments in vivo and in vitro described investigate these coatings. Some degree of substrate masking was obtained in all samples although stability and reactivity equivalent to bulk bioglass was not observed in all coated samples. Some degree of stability was seen in all coated samples that were reacted in vitro. Both metallic and ceramic substrates coated in this manner failed to show significantly improved coatings over those obtained with existing techniques. Implantation of the coated ceramic substrate samples in bone gave no definite bonding as seen with bulk glass; however, partial and patchy bonding was seen. Polymeric substrates in these studies showed promise of success. The coatings applied were sufficient to mask the underlying reactive test surface and tissue adhesion of collagen to bioglass was seen. Hydrophilic, hydrophobic, charged, and uncharged polymeric surfaces were successfully coated.
Correlating Pressure‐Induced Emission Modulation with Linker Rotation in a Photoluminescent MOF (2020)

Abstract Conformational changes of linker units in metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) are often responsible for gate‐opening phenomena in selective gas adsorption and stimuli‐responsive optical and electrical sensing behaviour. Herein, we show that pressure‐induced bathochromic shifts in both fluorescence emission and UV/Vis absorption spectra of a two‐fold interpenetrated Hf MOF, linked by 1,4‐phenylene‐bis(4‐ethynylbenzoate) ligands ( Hf‐peb ), are induced by rotation of the central phenyl ring of the linker, from a coplanar arrangement to a twisted, previously unseen conformer. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, alongside in situ fluorescence and UV/Vis absorption spectroscopies, measured up to 2.1 GPa in a diamond anvil cell on single crystals, are in excellent agreement, correlating linker rotation with modulation of emission. Topologically isolating the 1,4‐phenylene‐bis(4‐ethynylbenzoate) units within a MOF facilitates concurrent structural and spectroscopic studies in the absence of intermolecular perturbation, allowing characterisation of the luminescence properties of a high‐energy, twisted conformation of the previously well‐studied chromophore. We expect the unique environment provided by network solids, and the capability of combining crystallographic and spectroscopic analysis, will greatly enhance understanding of luminescent molecules and lead to the development of novel sensors and adsorbents.
First Example of Chelation Control during Radical Cascade Reactions of β-Hydroxyester Derivatives (1999)

The stereoselectivity of radical cyclizations and cascade reactions starting from β-hydroxyester derivatives is efficiently controlled by conversion of the free β-hydroxy group into aluminum alkoxides. Under these conditions, efficient chelation control is occurring. Remarkably, this approach gave also excellent results with acid sensitive radical precursors such as vinylcyclopropanes.
Diagnostic endomyocardial biopsy pathology: secondary myocardial diseases and other clinical indications - a review. (2002)

Endomyocardial biopsy is a commonly performed, useful procedure for the evaluation of cardiac tissues for many indications, including the assessment of transplant rejection, myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, drug toxicity, neoplastic involvement, chest pain, arrhythmia and secondary involvement by systemic diseases. The present paper focuses on clinicopathological considerations for biopsy use for individuals with secondary myocardial disease. The use of endomyocardial biopsy for the clinical indications of idiopathic arrhythmia and chest pain is also discussed.
Statistics of adaptive nulling and use of the generalized eigenrelation (GER) for modeling inhomogeneities in adaptive processing (2000)

This paper examines the integrity of the generalized eigenrelation (GER), which is an approach to assessing performance in an adaptive processing context involving covariance estimation when the adaptive processors are subject to undernulled interference. The GER is a mathematical relation, which if satisfied, often facilitates closed-form analysis of adaptive processors employing estimated covariances subject to inhomogeneities. The goal of this paper is to determine what impact this constraint has on the integrity of the adaptive nulling process. In order to examine the impact of the GER constraint on adaptive nulling, we establish fundamental statistical convergence properties of an adaptive null for the sample covariance-based (SCB) minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) beamformer. Novel exact expressions relating the mean and variance of an adaptive null of a homogeneously trained beamformer to the mean and variance of a nonhomogeneous trained beamformer are derived. In addition, it is shown that the Reed et al. (1974) result for required sample support can be highly inaccurate under nonhomogeneous conditions. Indeed, the required sample support can at times depend directly on the power of the undernulled interference.
ADENOVIRUS-MEDIATED GENE TRANSFER OF IL-4 PROLONGS RAT RENAL ALLOGRAFT SURVIVAL AND INHIBITS p21ras DEPENDENT ACTIVATION PATHWAY (1999)

823 Background: Gene therapy approach has the potential to introduce immunosuppressive molecules directly into the allograft (Tx), which in turn should limit systemic side effects of conventional therapy. Although there is evidence that transfer of Th2-type cytokines with viral or plasmid vectors may inhibit rejection in some Tx models, numerous counter examples also exist. Aim: To analyze the efficacy and putative mechanisms of adenoviral (Ad)-mediated IL-4 gene transfer in a well-defined arterialized rat renal Tx model. Methods: Allogeneic kidney Tx were performed between LBNF1 donors and LEW rat recipients. Donor kidneys were perfused in-situ with 2.5×109 pfu of Ad-IL-4 or Ad with a β-Gal reporter gene (Ad-β-Gal), incubated at 4C for 1 1/2 h, and transplanted. All animals underwent contralateral native nephrectomy at day 5. Serum creatinine levels were measured, and Tx rejection was determined by recipient death. Intra-Tx cytokine gene expression was screened by competitive RT-PCR. Western blots were used to evaluate p21ras expression, a protooncogene product critical in signaling and T cell activation cascade. Results: LEW recipients of LBNF1 kidney Tx transfected with Ad-β-Gal died in 11.0±2.4 days (n=4), similarly to otherwise untreated controls (13.0±4.7 days; n=4). In contrast, 60% of animals (6 out of 10) with Ad-IL-4-transduced renal Tx survived >43.5±9.5 days; the remainder died in 9.3±1.0 days. Serum creatinine levels (mg/dl) in Ad-IL-4 group were at average of 2.2 and 1.7 at day 10 and 30 post-Tx, respectively vs. 5.2 at day 10 in Ad-β-Gal controls. The expression of mRNA coding for CD3, TNF-α, IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-10 was then assessed in kidney Tx harvested at day 7 and 30 from Ad-IL-4, and at day 7 from Ad-β-Gal treated group (n=2/time-point). No major differences in cytokine gene expression patterns could be found by day 7 between both recipient groups. Interestingly, a sharp increase in CD3 mRNA expression, in parallel with augmented IL-4 mRNA levels could be detected in Ad-IL-4 transfected long-term (day 30) renal Tx. The expression of p21ras was markedly diminished in Ad-IL-4 transduced renal Tx by day 30, as compared to day 7 experimental or Ad-β-Gal controls. Conclusion: This is the first report, which documents the efficacy of Ad-IL-4 gene therapy in renal transplant model. Long-term Tx maintenance was accompanied by up-regulation of CD3 and Th2-type IL-4, as well as depression of p21ras expression Hence, p21ras may represent a novel and important "molecular switch" in the intracellular signaling and T cell activation pathway in Ad-IL-4 transduced vascularized organ Tx.
The superconvergent patch recovery and a posteriori error estimates. Part 2: Error estimates and adaptivity (1992)

Abstract In this second part of the paper, the issue of a posteriori error estimation is discussed. In particular, we derive a theorem showing the dependence of the effectivity index for the Zienkiewicz–Zhu error estimator on the convergence rate of the recovered solution. This shows that with superconvergent recovery the effectivity index tends asymptotically to unity. The superconvergent recovery technique developed in the first part of the paper 1 is the used in the computation of the Zienkiewicz–Zhu error estimator to demonstrate accurate estimation of the exact error attainable. Numerical tests are shown for various element types illustrating the excellent effectivity of the error estimator in the energy norm and pointwise gradient (stress) error estimation. Several examples of the performance of the error estimator in adaptive mesh refinement are also presented.
Basis function discovery using spectral clustering and bisimulation metrics (2011)

Markov Decision Processes (MDPs) are a powerful framework for modeling sequential decision making for intelligent agents acting in stochastic environments. One of the important challenges facing such agents in practical applications is finding a suitable way to represent the state space, so that a good way of behaving can be learned efficiently. In this paper, we focus on learning a good policy when function approximation must be used to represent the value function. In this case, states are mapped into feature vectors, and a set of parameters is learned, which allows us to approximate the value of any given state. Theoretically, the quality of the approximation that can be obtained depends on the set of features. In practice, the feature set affects not only the quality of the solution obtained, but also the speed of learning.
Cytomegalovirus Colitis Presenting as Hematochezia and Requiring Resection (1992)

• Cytomegalovirus infection is one of the most prevalent viral infections affecting recipients of cardiac allografts. Of the various severe systemic manifestations, those in the gastrointestinal tract have a unique way of presenting, specifically in the colon where a process related to cytomegalovirus infection that involves all layers, with dilatation as a prominent clinical feature, has been suggested. We report herein a case of a patient with a heart allograft who had severe episodes of rejection that responded to boosting doses of steroids. Because of persistent fever, diarrhea, hematochezia, and computed tomographic findings of the abdomen that showed a highly abnormal appearance of the ascending and transverse segments of the colon, this patient subsequently underwent celiotomy. The involved segment of the colon was found to have severe inflammation with mucosal necrosis; a subtotal colectomy was done. The abundant cytomegalovirus inclusions found in the vascular endothelium of the removed damaged segment of the colon suggest that cytomegalovirus may have been a causal factor in this form of colitis. The patient recovered uneventfully. (<i>Arch Surg.</i>1992;127:102-104)
169-06: Reduction in Long-Term Premature Ventricular Contraction with Multipoint Left Ventricular Pacing in Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Recipients (2016)

Introduction: High percentage of premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) reduces the effectiveness of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) by lowering the percentage of biventricular (BiV) pacing. By pacing from two distinct locations in the left ventricle, multipoint left ventricular pacing (MultiPoint™ Pacing [MPP], St. Jude Medical) may alter the burden of PVCs relative to conventional CRT. Methods: Eighty-two patients receiving a quadripolar CRT implant (Quadra Assura MP™ CRT-D and Quartet™ LV lead, St. Jude Medical) were programmed to either conventional CRT (N = 22) or MPP (N = 60) and followed for 50 weeks post-implant. Weekly PVC burden recorded by the device was analyzed and compared between the groups. A cutoff of 5% was used to define patients with high PVC burden. Conclusions: These results suggest that CRT recipients with multipoint LV pacing may experience reduced long-term PVC burden relative to recipients of conventional CRT. Additional, larger studies are needed to further evaluate the relationship between multipoint LV pacing and PVC burden.
Synthesis of Polyfunctional Vinyl Ether Derivatives by the Regioselective Addition Reaction of Glycidyl Vinyl Ether with Acyl Chlorides and Their Photoinitiated Cationic Polymerization (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of Polyfunctional Vinyl Ether Derivatives by the Regioselective Addition Reaction of Glycidyl Vinyl Ether with Acyl Chlorides and Their Photoinitiated Cationic PolymerizationHideyuki Itoh, Atsushi Kameyama, and Tadatomi NishikuboCite this: Macromolecules 1995, 28, 4, 883–889Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00108a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00108a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views228Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Influenza virus pathogenicity regulated by host cellular proteases, cytokines and metabolites, and its therapeutic options (2015)

Influenza A virus (IAV) causes significant morbidity and mortality. The knowledge gained within the last decade on the pandemic IAV(H1N1)2009 improved our understanding not only of the viral pathogenicity but also the host cellular factors involved in the pathogenicity of multiorgan failure (MOF), such as cellular trypsin-type hemagglutinin (HA0) processing proteases for viral multiplication, cytokine storm, metabolic disorders and energy crisis. The HA processing proteases in the airway and organs for all IAV known to date have been identified. Recently, a new concept on the pathogenicity of MOF, the "influenza virus-cytokine-trypsin" cycle, has been proposed involving up-regulation of trypsin through pro-inflammatory cytokines, and potentiation of viral multiplication in various organs. Furthermore, the relationship between causative factors has been summarized as the "influenza virus-cytokine-trypsin" cycle interconnected with the "metabolic disorders-cytokine" cycle. These cycles provide new treatment concepts for ATP crisis and MOF. This review discusses IAV pathogenicity on cellular proteases, cytokines, metabolites and therapeutic options.
2:1 Cocrystals of Homochiral and Achiral Amino Acid Zwitterions with Li+ Salts: Water-Stable Zeolitic and Diamondoid Metal–Organic Materials (2011)

Eight 2:1 cocrystals of amino acid zwitterions and Li(+) salts were crystallized from hot water to afford cationic networks based on tetrahedral lithium cations: square grids, an ABW topology net, and diamondoid nets.
Tunnel blasting with non-electric detonators in the Kamioka mine. Kamioka kozan ni okeru hidenkishiki raikan ni yoru kodo kusshin ni tsuite (1993)

An electro-magnetic blasting system (MBS) has been used for charge detonations carried out at regularly scheduled timing in tunnel drilling at mines. Because of troubles from frequent defective detonation in the system, a non-electric detonator (NONEL) was adopted that is safe against stray current and static electricity generated during charging detonators, and an introduction test was carried out. Ammonium nitrate oil detonating charge was used as the detonator, targeted for drilling 3 meters per shot using a bottom hole explosion method. Eighty blastings were performed for the test. The subjected rock bed consists mainly of the Hida geniss, a rock bed as hard as its unconfined compressive strength exceeding 200 MPa. Good results were obtained as a drilling progress length per shot of 2.9 m, and a progress rate of 93.8%. The amount of detonating charge used per 1 m[sup 3] of natural ground increased by 25%, which renders a task of reducing the unit requirement. The number of blasting caps used was decreased by 33%. The drilling work efficiency in terms of per-man shift grew to 2.6 m, a 37% improvement over the conventional experience. 3 refs., 7 figs., 4 tabs.
The antimicrobial activity of hexapeptides derived from synthetic combinatorial libraries (1995)

A series of peptides identified through the use of synthetic hexapeptide combinatorial libraries (represented by the formula Ac-RRWWCO-NH2) were examined for their antimicrobial activity against five different micro-organisms. Their toxicity was also evaluated in an in vitro haemolytic assay. The peptides showed activity against the five micro-organisms, although higher activities were found against Gram-positive bacteria. Both growth inhibition and cell viability assays were carried out to demonstrate the bactericidal activities of these peptides against two of the micro-organisms tested. The dimeric cystine forms of these peptides were shown to have biological activities identical to the monomeric forms.
Patellar instability: CT and MRI measurements and their correlation with internal derangement findings (2015)

IV.