gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multi-wavelength fluorescence tomography (2016)

The strong scattering and absorption of light in biological tissue makes it challenging to model the propagation of light, especially in deep tissue. This is especially true in fluorescent tomography, which aims to recover the internal fluorescence source distribution from the measured light intensities on the surface of the tissue. The inherently ill-posed and underdetermined nature of the inverse problem along with strong tissue scattering makes Fluorescence Tomography (FT) extremely challenging. Previously, multispectral detection fluorescent tomography (FT) has been shown to improve the image quality of FT by incorporating the spectral filtering of biological tissue to provide depth information to overcome the inherent absorption and scattering limitations. We investigate whether multi-wavelength fluorescent tomography can be used to distinguish the signals from multiple fluorophores with overlapping fluorescence spectrums using a unique near-infrared (NIR) swept laser. In this work, a small feasibility study was performed to see whether multi-wavelength FT can be used to detect subtle shifts in the absorption spectrum due to differences in fluorophore microenvironment.
Substrates of semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase co-operate with vanadate to stimulate tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin-receptor-substrate proteins, phosphoinositide 3-kinase activity and GLUT4 translocation in adipose cells (2000)

It has been shown that the combination of benzylamine or tyramine and low concentrations of vanadate markedly stimulates glucose transport in rat adipocytes by a mechanism that requires semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) activity and H(2)O(2) formation. Here we have further analysed the insulin-like effects of the combination of SSAO substrates and vanadate and we have studied the signal-transduction pathway activated in rat adipocytes. We found that several SSAO substrates (benzylamine, tyramine, methylamine, n-decylamine, histamine, tryptamine or beta-phenylethylamine), in combination with low concentrations of vanadate, stimulate glucose transport in isolated rat adipocytes. Furthermore, SSAO substrates together with vanadate stimulated the recruitment of GLUT4 to the cell surface in isolated rat adipocytes. Benzylamine plus vanadate also stimulated glucose transport and GLUT4 translocation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Benzylamine or tyramine in combination with vanadate potently stimulated the tyrosine phosphorylation of both insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 and IRS-3. In contrast, benzylamine and vanadate caused only a weak stimulation of insulin receptor kinase. Benzylamine or tyramine in combination with vanadate also stimulated phosphoinositide 3-kinase activity; wortmannin abolished the stimulatory effect of benzylamine and vanadate on glucose transport in adipose cells. Furthermore, the administration of benzylamine and vanadate in vivo caused a rapid lowering of plasma glucose levels, which took place in the absence of alterations in plasma insulin. On the basis of these results we propose that SSAO activity regulates glucose transport in adipocytes. SSAO oxidative activity stimulates glucose transport via the translocation of GLUT4 carriers to the cell surface, resulting from a potent tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1 and IRS-3 and phosphoinositide 3-kinase activation. Our results also indicate that substrates of SSAO might regulate glucose disposal in vivo.
Preparation of Thin Melanin-Type Films by Surface-Controlled Oxidation (2016)

The preparation of thin melanin films suitable for applications is challenging. In this work, we present a new alternative approach to thin melanin-type films using oxidative multilayers prepared by the sequential layer-by-layer deposition of cerium(IV) and inorganic polyphosphate. The interfacial reaction between cerium(IV) in the multilayer and 5,6-dihydroxyindole (DHI) in the adjacent aqueous solution leads to the formation of a thin uniform film. The oxidation of DHI by cerium(IV) proceeds via known melanin intermediates. We have characterized the formed DHI-melanin films using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), UV-vis spectroscopy, and spectroelectrochemistry. When a five-bilayer oxidative multilayer is used, the film is uniform with a thickness of ca. 10 nm. Its chemical composition, as determined using XPS, is typical for melanin. It is also redox active, and its oxidation occurs in two steps, which can be assigned to semiquinone and quinone formation within the indole structural motif. Oxidative multilayers can also oxidize dopamine, but the reaction stops at the dopamine quinone stage because of the limited amount of the multilayer-based oxidizing agent. However, dopamine oxidation by Ce(IV) was studied also in solution by UV-vis spectroscopy and mass spectrometry in order to verify the reaction mechanism and the final product. In solution, the oxidation of dopamine by cerium shows that the indole ring formation takes place already at low pH and that the mass spectrum of the final product is practically identical with that of commercial melanin. Therefore, layer-by-layer formed oxidative multilayers can be used to deposit functional melanin-type thin films on arbitrary substrates by a surface-controlled reaction.
Cognitive function, quality of life, and aging: relationships in individuals with and without spinal cord injury (2020)

Background: Correlations between aging, cognitive impairment and poor quality of life (QOL) have been observed for many patient populations.Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine these correlations in individuals with and without spinal cord injury (SCI).Methods: 23 individuals with complete SCI and 20 individuals without SCI (“NON”) underwent assessment of cognitive function via the NIH Toolbox for Neurological and Behavioral Function. Participants self-rated QOL via global and symptom/domain-specific measures.Results: SCI rated global QOL to be lower than NON for the EQ-5D QALY (p < .001), but not the EQ-5D VAS, which imposes no penalty for wheeled mobility. Low QOL clustered mainly in domains pertaining to physical function/symptoms. Participants with SCI reported high QOL for positive affect/well-being and resilience. Cognitive function in SCI did not differ from NON. However, strong correlations between age and cognition observed in NON (all R2 > 0.532) were absent in SCI. Significant correlations between cognition and QOL were prevalent for NON but not for SCI.Conclusions: Dissociation of age, cognition and QOL occurred with SCI. Divergence between EQ-5D QALY and VAS suggests that individuals with SCI may recalibrate personal assessments of QOL in ways that minimize the importance of mobility impairment.
Sensorless direct field orientation at zero flux frequency (2002)

Nowadays field orientation of three phase AC machines is carried out without using flux sensors but only using easily measurable stator voltages and stator currents. In this paper, a measuring method is described that makes sensorless field orientation possible down to zero flux frequency. The method takes profit of particular phenomena in AC machines that occur under saturated operating conditions. Measurements have proven the applicability of the proposed method.
An Improved Method of Preparing Testosterone, Dihydrotestosterone and Some of their Esters (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAn Improved Method of Preparing Testosterone, Dihydrotestosterone and Some of their EstersAlberto Ercoli and Pietro de RuggieriCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 3, 650–653Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01099a040https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01099a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views525Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Thermal Evaporation versus Spin-Coating: Electrical Performance in Columnar Liquid Crystal OLEDs (2015)

The electrical responses of a columnar liquid crystal (a diimidodiester derivative of benzo[ghi]perylene) deposited either by spin-coating or by thermal evaporation into a typical OLED device are compared. For the spin-coated film, homeotropic alignment was induced by thermal annealing, which enhanced the charge carrier mobility significantly. For the evaporated films, homeotropic alignment could not be obtained by annealing. However, a degree of rectification higher than 3 orders of magnitude was achieved, even without annealing, with an electrical response similar to the response of the aligned spin-coated film. A trap-limited space-charge-limited current model was used to extract the charge carrier mobility directly from the current-voltage curves. Grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering confirmed the homeotropic alignment of the annealed spin-coated film, whereas the columns are mostly oriented parallel to the surface in the evaporated case. In a field-effect transistor with bottom-gate bottom-contact geometry, the evaporated film exhibited a typical behavior of an n-type transistor. The degree of intermolecular order is thereby strongly dependent on the deposition method where vacuum deposition leads to a higher order. This higher order, however, impedes reorientation by annealing of the evaporated film but leads to improved charge transport between the electrodes even without homeotropic alignment of columnar liquid crystal.
Hydroxysteroid 17-β dehydrogenase 13 variant increases phospholipids and protects against fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (2020)

Carriers of the hydroxysteroid 17-β dehydrogenase 13 (HSD17B13) gene variant (rs72613567:TA) have a reduced risk of NASH and cirrhosis but not steatosis. We determined its effect on liver histology, lipidome, and transcriptome using ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and RNA-seq. In carriers and noncarriers of the gene variant, we also measured pathways of hepatic fatty acids (de novo lipogenesis [DNL] and adipose tissue lipolysis [ATL] using 2H2O and 2H-glycerol) and insulin sensitivity using 3H-glucose and euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp) and plasma cytokines. Carriers and noncarriers had similar age, sex and BMI. Fibrosis was significantly less frequent while phospholipids, but not other lipids, were enriched in the liver in carriers compared with noncarriers. Expression of 274 genes was altered in carriers compared with noncarriers, consisting predominantly of downregulated inflammation-related gene sets. Plasma IL-6 concentrations were lower, but DNL, ATL and hepatic insulin sensitivity were similar between the groups. In conclusion, carriers of the HSD17B13 variant have decreased fibrosis and expression of inflammation-related genes but increased phospholipids in the liver. These changes are not secondary to steatosis, DNL, ATL, or hepatic insulin sensitivity. The increase in phospholipids and decrease in fibrosis are opposite to features of choline-deficient models of liver disease and suggest HSD17B13 as an attractive therapeutic target.
Regioselective C–H bond functionalizations of acridines using organozinc reagents (2011)

Despite the recent advance in C-H bond functionalization chemistry, the C-H bonds in the acridine ring system, which is an important scaffold in medicinal and material science, have met with limited success, due, in part, to the lack of activated C-H bonds adjacent to the ring nitrogen atom. Herein, several protocols that can effect the regioselective arylation and alkylation of acridines at the C-4 and C-9 positions are described.
Optical backscattering properties of the "clearest" natural waters (2007)

Abstract. During the BIOSOPE field campaign October–December 2004, measurements of inherent optical properties from the surface to 500 m depth were made with a ship profiler at stations covering over 8000 km through the Southeast Pacific Ocean. Data from a ~3000 km section containing the very clearest waters in the central gyre are reported here. The total volume scattering function at 117°, βt(117°), was measured with a WET Labs ECO-BB3 sensor at 462, 532, and 650 nm with estimated uncertainties of 2×10-5, 5×10-6, and 2×10-6 m−1 sr−1, respectively. These values were approximately 6%, 3%, and 3% of the volume scattering by pure seawater at their respective wavelengths. From a methodological perspective, there were several results: – distributions were resolvable even though some of the values from the central gyre were an order of magnitude lower than the lowest previous measurements in the literature; – Direct in-situ measurements of instrument dark offsets were necessary to accurately resolve backscattering at these low levels; – accurate pure seawater backscattering values are critical in determining particulate backscattering coefficients in the open ocean (not only in these very clear waters); the pure water scattering values determined by Buiteveld et al. (1994) with a [1+0.3S/37] adjustment for salinity based on Morel (1974) appear to be the most accurate estimates, with aggregate accuracies as low as a few percent; and – closure was demonstrated with subsurface reflectance measurements reported by Morel et al. (2007) within instrument precisions, a useful factor in validating the backscattering measurements. This methodology enabled several observations with respect to the hydrography and the use of backscattering as a biogeochemical proxy: –The clearest waters sampled were found at depths between 300 and 350 m, from 23.5° S, 118° W to 26° S, 114° W, where total backscattering at 650 nm was not distinguishable from pure seawater; –Distributions of particulate backscattering bbp across the central gyre exhibited a broad particle peak centered ~100 m; –The particulate backscattering ratio typically ranged between 0.4% and 0.6% at 650 nm through the majority of the central gyre from the surface to ~210 m, indicative of "soft" water-filled particles with low bulk refractive index; and – bbp showed a distinct secondary deeper layer centered ~230 m that was absent in particulate attenuation cp data. The particulate backscattering ratio was significantly higher in this layer than in the rest of the water column, reaching 1.2% in some locations. This high relative backscattering, along with the pigment composition and ecological niche of this layer, appear to be consistent with the coccolithophorid Florisphaera profunda. Moreover, results were consistent with several expectations extrapolated from theory and previous work in oceanic and coastal regions, supporting the conclusion that particulate and total backscattering could be resolved in these extremely clear natural waters.
Nitromethane and Methyl Nitrite Adsorption on Au(111) Surfaces (1998)

The adsorption of nitromethane (CH3NO2 and CD3NO2) and d3-methyl nitrite (CD3ONO) on Au(111) was studied by temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) and high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS). These molecules are only weakly adsorbed on Au(111), and adsorption is completely reversible in both cases. Adsorbed CH3NO2 and CD3ONO in the monolayer each give rise to one thermal desorption peak in TPD with desorption activation energies of 10.5 and 8 kcal/mol, respectively. These desorption energies are close to the values for the heats of adsorption of these molecules, since there is no appreciable activation energy for molecular adsorption. HREELS confirms weak, molecular adsorption in the monolayer for both molecules. Furthermore, nitromethane is bonded on Au(111) in an upright, strongly tilted geometry, suggesting a monodentate coordination to the surface. Methyl nitrite adsorbs on Au(111) with the ONO group in a flat-lying geometry, with evidence for both cis and trans forms. The Au(111) surface does not sufficiently activate nitromethane and methyl nitrite for dissociation or isomerization (CH3NO2 ↔ CH3ONO) to occur under UHV conditions. Thus the activation energies for dissociation and isomerization of nitromethane on Au(111) exceed 10.5 kcal/mol.
Laser neutralization of buried munitions (2011)

This report describes the results of the first phase of a planned two-phase program to develop laser technology for rapid neutralization of buried munitions from a safe standoff distance. The primary objective of this first phase is to demonstrate, via laboratory experiments, the capabilities of a breadboard laser system to "drill" through a minimum depth of 15 cm of earthen materials to defeat a buried mine at a standoff distance greater than 20 m. In the initial phase covered by this report, results of short range laboratory testing by 3 contractors are reported. The planned second phase of this program will consist of procuring a more capable 10 kW SM laser and performing field-testing at longer standoff ranges.
A novel code assignment scheme for W-CDMA systems (2002)

The third-generation wideband CDMA (W-CDMA) systems support the relative higher and variable bit rate transmissions for applications with various quality-of-service (QoS) requirements. Code assignment and reassignment schemes in W-CDMA are essential, with the aim of boosting utilization of codes. A dynamic code assignment scheme (DCA) is proposed for traffic with various QoS classes introduced by Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS). From the simulation results, the proposed DCA can reduce the new call blocking probability and thus improve the system utilization for W-CDMA.
Small conductance Ca2+‐activated K+ channels and calmodulin (2003)

Small conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels (SK channels) contribute to the long lasting afterhyperpolarization (AHP) that follows an action potential in many central neurones. The biophysical and pharmacological attributes of cloned SK channels strongly suggest that one or more of them underlie the medium component of the AHP that regulates interspike interval and plays an important role in setting tonic firing frequency. The cloned SK channels comprise a distinct subfamily of K(+) channels. Heterologously expressed SK channels recapitulate the biophysical and pharmacological hallmarks of native SK channels, being gated solely by intracellular Ca(2+) ions with no voltage dependence to their gating, small unitary conductance values and sensitivity to the bee venom peptide toxin, apamin. Molecular, biochemical and electrophysiological studies have revealed that Ca(2+) gating in SK channels is due to heteromeric assembly of the SK alpha pore-forming subunits with calmodulin (CaM). Ca(2+) binding to the N-terminal E-F hands of CaM is responsible for SK channel gating. Crystallographic studies suggest that SK channels gate as a dimer-of-dimers, and that the physical gate of SK channels resides at or near the selectivity filter of the channels. In addition, Ca(2+)-independent interactions between the SK channel alpha subunits and CaM are necessary for proper membrane trafficking.
Differential expression of theEnhancer of splitgenes in the developingDrosophilamidgut (2009)

The Notch signaling pathway plays an important role during development in animals from worms to humans and pathway components are required for the differentiation of many different cell types. In Drosophila, Su(H) dependent Notch activation up-regulates transcription of the Enhancer of split-Complex (E(spl)-C). The E(spl) genes are known to function during neurogenesis, although expression and genetics studies suggest that they also play roles in the development of other tissues. The majority of the E(spl) genes contain upstream binding sites for Su(H), proneural proteins, and E(spl) bHLH proteins resulting in overlapping expression patterns during embryonic development. However, their expression patterns are quite distinct during later embryonic stages and in larval imaginal discs. In order to characterize expression patterns of the E(spl) genes during development and determine potential mechanisms through which expression is controlled, we examined the expression levels and patterns of the E(spl) genes in the midgut during metamorphosis. Quantitative Reverse Transcriptase-PCR and X-Gal staining results show that the genes have different levels and patterns of expression in the developing midgut. Two ancestral E(spl) genes, malpha and mbeta, are highly expressed and increase significantly at puparium formation, whereas another gene, mgamma, is expressed at low levels and decreases in expression at puparium formation. We also show that mbeta is expressed in cells throughout the midgut, while mgamma is expressed in two small regions. These results provide further evidence that the E(spl) genes function during midgut development and that they are regulated by different factors.
Entangled electronic states in multiple-quantum-dot systems (1995)

We present an analytically solvable model of P colinear, two-dimensional quantum dots, each containing two electrons. Interdot coupling via the electron-electron interaction gives rise to sets of entangled ground states. These ground states have crystal-like interplane correlations and arise discontinuously with increasing magnetic field. Their ranges and stabilities are found to depend on dot size ratios and to increase with P.
Two FHA domains on an ABC transporter, Rv1747, mediate its phosphorylation by PknF, a Ser/Thr protein kinase fromMycobacterium tuberculosis (2004)

Bacterial genomics have revealed the widespread occurrence of eukaryotic-like protein kinases in prokaryotes, but little is known about their regulation, endogenous substrates, and physiological role. The present study concerns one of these enzymes, the serine/threonine protein kinase PknF from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is shown that, in addition to its autokinase activity, PknF is able to phosphorylate Rv1747, a newly described ABC transporter. This reaction appears to involve two FHA domains of Rv1747. It is suggested that recruitment and phosphorylation of Rv1747 depend on the interaction between its two non-redundant FHA domains and the autophosphorylated form of PknF.
Treatment of Disseminated Mycobacterium avium Complex Infection in AIDS with Amikacin, Ethambutol, Rifampin, and Ciprofloxacin (1990)

Mycobacterial load and systemic symptoms in patients with AIDS and disseminated M. avium complex infection can be effectively reduced by a regimen containing amikacin, ethambutol, rifampin, and ciprofloxacin.