gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evidence to support that adventitial cysts, analogous to intraneural ganglion cysts, are also joint‐connected (2012)

Cystic adventitial disease (CAD) is a rare condition in which cyst is found within a vessel, typically producing symptoms of vascular compromise. Most commonly located in the popliteal artery near the knee, it has been reported in arteries and veins throughout the body. Its pathogenesis has been poorly understood and various surgical approaches have been recommended. We extrapolated some recent information about a similar condition, intraneural ganglion cyst affecting the deep fibular (peroneal) nerve, to the prototype, CAD of the popliteal artery. In intraneural ganglion cysts affecting the deep fibular nerve we have shown that an articular (neural) branch is the conduit between the superior tibiofibular joint and the main parent nerve for which epineurial dissection of joint fluid can occur. We hypothesized that the same principles would apply to CAD and that an articular (vascular) branch would be the conduit from the knee joint leading to dissection to the main parent vessel. We reviewed five patients with CAD of the popliteal artery in whom MRIs were available: two treated by the primary author well familiar with the proposed articular theory, and three treated by others at our institution, less familiar with it. We then reviewed the literature critically to assess for additional evidence to support our articular (synovial) theory and an anatomic explanation. In the two cases treated by the primary author a joint connection was identified on high resolution MRI prospectively and intraoperatively through the middle genicular artery (MGA); postoperatively in these cases there was no recurrence. In the other three cases, a joint connection was not identified on imaging or at operation. Reinterpretation of these cases revealed a joint connection through the MGA in the one patient who had preoperative imaging and subclinical persistence/recurrence in the two patients who underwent postoperative MRIs done for other reasons. Our review of the literature and imaging studies revealed unrecognized joint connections in CAD to the knee and other joints as well as evidence that the MGA is the conduit in cases of CAD of the popliteal artery. We believe that adventitial cysts originate in neighboring joints and dissect within articular (vascular) branches. In our opinion, the unifying articular theory and the principles introduced for intraneural ganglion cysts apply equally to common and rare sites of adventitial cysts.
Quality of Acute Stroke Care at Primary Stroke Centers Before and After Certification in Comparison to Never-Certified Hospitals (2020)

<b>Background and Purpose:</b> Primary stroke center (PSC) certification is associated with improvements in stroke care and outcome. However, these improvements may reflect a higher baseline level of care delivery in hospitals eventually achieving certification. This study examines whether advancements in acute stroke care at PSCs are due to certification or factors intrinsic to the hospital. <b>Methods:</b> Data was obtained from the Field Administration of Stroke Therapy-Magnesium (FAST-MAG) trial with participation of 40 Emergency Medical System agencies, 315 ambulances, and 60 acute receiving hospitals in Los Angeles and Orange Counties. Subjects were transported to one of three types of destinations: PSC certified hospitals (PSCs), hospitals that were not PSCs at time of enrollment but would later become certified (pre-PSCs), and hospitals that would never be certified (non-PSCs). Metrics of acute stroke care quality included time arrival to imaging, use of intravenous tPA, and arrival to treatment. <b>Results:</b> Of 1,700 cases, 856(50%) were at certified PSCs, 529(31%) were at pre-PSCs, and 315 (19%) were at non-PSCs. Mean (SD) was 33min (±76.1) at PSCs, 47(±86.6) at pre-PSCs, and 49(±71.7) at non-PSCs. Of 1,223 cerebral ischemia cases, rate of tPA utilization was 43% at PSCs, 27% at pre-PSCs, and 28% at non-PSCs. Mean ED arrival to thrombolysis was 71(±32.7) at PSC, 98(±37.6) at pre-PSC, and 95(±45.0) at non-PSCs. PSCs had improved time to imaging (<i>p</i> = 0.014), percent tPA use (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and time to treatment (<i>p</i> = 0.003). <b>Conclusions:</b> Stroke care at hospitals prior to PSC certification is equivalent to care at non-PSCs. <b>Clinical Trial Registration</b>: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00059332.
New Molecular Collisional Interaction Effect in Low-Energy Sputtering (1998)

An unexpected pronounced enhancement is observed in sputtering yields per atom for ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}^{+}$ compared to ${\mathrm{N}}^{+}$ from a polycrystalline gold target. This effect is seen when the kinetic energy per projectile atom is below 500 eV and increases as projectile energy decreases to near-threshold energies. Enhancements for ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}^{+}$ over ${\mathrm{O}}^{+}$ begin at even lower kinetic energies below 100 eV per atom. This new molecular interaction effect may be explained qualitatively by invoking a simple energy transfer model which involves the vibrational frequency of the molecule and the collisional interaction time.
Practical considerations for the establishment of a screening procedure for the assessment of biological response modifiers. (1984)

Studies in therapeutic immunopharmacology have identified a large array of natural and synthetic biological response modifiers (BRM) that can be entered into clinical trials. However, it is obvious that a preclinical screen is needed to limit entry of BRM into Phase I trials to those with the greatest clinical potential. In this article we discuss the development of a preclinical screen for BRM and the necessary attributes for such a screen. During the development of our preclinical screen, we noted numerous immunological and biological criteria crucial to the establishment of relevant and reproducible models of immunomodulation and immunotherapy. These or similar considerations are critical to the development of a strong scientific base needed to establish the principles of biological response modification and to allow their translation into a successful program of clinical immunotherapy.
Secret-Key Agreement Over Non-Coherent Block-Fading Channels With Public Discussion (2016)

Motivated by recent interest in physical-layer secret-key generation over wireless fading channels, we study the non-coherent secret-key generation capacity of a block-fading wireless channel with channel reciprocity and bi-directional (two-way) communication. We assume a non-coherent main channel, i.e., the realization of channel gains on the main channel is not known to any terminal. The eavesdropper is assumed to have both perfect Channel State Information of its own channel and orthogonal observations from the forward and backward channels. As our main result, we establish new upper and lower bounds on the secret-key generation capacity with public discussion, which are structurally similar. The upper bound can be expressed as a sum of three terms-one of the terms arises due to channel reciprocity, while the other two terms correspond to communication on the forward and backward channels, respectively. In the limit of long coherence period, the contribution from channel reciprocity vanishes to zero, whereas the other terms prevail. The lower bound is based on a separation based scheme. In each coherence block, we use the first symbol for training while the remainder of the coherence block is devoted to source emulation, i.e., to generate correlated sources between the terminals. The lower bound expression also consists of three terms and admits an interpretation similar to the upper bound expression. For Rayleigh fading channels, in the high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regime, the gap between the upper and lower bounds is shown to vanish inversely with the coherence period. Numerical results indicate significant performance gains over training-only schemes even for moderate values of SNR and small coherence periods.
Inhibition of Restenosis in Stented Porcine Coronary Arteries (2004)

When admixed to CM, paclitaxel results in local tissue concentrations proportional to the amount of the drug injected.
An Assessment of Impact of Adaptive Notch Filters for Interference Removal on the Signal Processing Stages of a GNSS Receiver (2020)

With the fast growing diffusion of real-time high-accuracy applications based on the global navigation satellite system (GNSS), the robustness of GNSS receiver performance has become a compelling requirement. Disruptive effects can be induced to signal processing stages of GNSS receivers due to the disturbances from radio frequency interference (RFI), even leading to a complete outage of the positioning and timing service. A typical RFI threat to GNSS signals is represented by portable jammers, which transmit swept-frequency (chirp) signals in order to span the overall GNSS bandwidth. The implementation in the receivers of adaptive notch filters (ANFs) for chirp cancellation has been extensively investigated and proved to be an efficient countermeasure. However, the performance of the ANF is strongly dependent on its configuration setup. Inappropriate parameter settings of the ANF for interference removal may induce severe distortion to the correlation process. In addition, an effective mitigation will still introduce a vestigial signal distortion contributed by the residual unmitigated chirp and the ANF operation itself, being not negligible for high-accuracy solutions. This article addresses the detailed analysis for assessing the effects of interference mitigation by notch filtering. A bias compensation strategy is proposed, wherein for each pseudorandom noise, the biases due to parameter settings of the notch filter are estimated and compensated. The impact of using the ANF operation on chirp signals at the acquisition and tracking stages of GNSS receivers is analyzed. On the basis of the three proposed metrics, the effects can be quantitatively estimated to depict a complete picture of the most influential parameters of the chirp and the ANF configurations, as well as the optimal achievable performance at the acquisition and tracking stages.
Subcellular localization of seven VirB proteins of Agrobacterium tumefaciens: implications for the formation of a T-DNA transport structure (1993)

Plant cell transformation by Agrobacterium tumefaciens involves the transfer of a single-stranded DNA-protein complex (T-complex) from the bacterium to the plant cell. One of the least understood and important aspects of this process is how the T-complex exits the bacterium. The eleven virB gene products have been proposed to specify the DNA export channel on the basis of their predicted hydrophobicity. To determine the cellular localization of the VirB proteins, two different cell fractionation methods were employed to separate inner and outer membranes. Seven VirB-specific antibodies were used on Western blots (immunoblots) to detect the proteins in the inner and outer membranes and soluble (containing cytoplasm and periplasm) fractions. VirB5 was in both the inner membrane and cytoplasm. Six of the VirB proteins were detected in the membrane fractions only. Three of these, VirB8, VirB9, and VirB10, were present in both inner and outer membrane fractions regardless of the fractionation method used. Three additional VirB proteins, VirB1, VirB4, and VirB11, were found mainly in the inner membrane fraction by one method and were found in both inner and outer membrane fractions by a second method. These results confirm the membrane localization of seven VirB proteins and strengthen the hypothesis that VirB proteins are involved in the formation of a T-DNA export channel or gate. That most of the VirB proteins analyzed are found in both inner and outer membrane fractions suggest that they form a complex pore structure that spans both membranes, and their relative amounts in the two membrane fractions reflect their differential sensitivity to the experimental conditions.
Green synthesis and antibacterial potential of artemisia vulgaris extract in silver nanoparticles against wound bacteria (2020)

Background: Artemisia vulgaris (A. vulgaris), a well-known Chinese traditional herb, is a potential agent for wound healing. The herb is reported for its antibacterial properties and is commonly used to control bleeding in women. In our project, we have developed A. vulgaris in silver nanoparticles to enhance its effect. Silver is already used in marketed wound bandages for its antibacterial effect. Understanding that it has a huge potential to be a safe and effective treatment for wounds, this study investigated the antibacterial effects of the synthesised AgNP on common wound bacteria.Objective: The objectives of this study are to synthesise A. vulgaris in silver nanoparticles and investigate the anti-bacterial effect of on wound bacteria. Method: The AgNP was synthesised by green synthesis method, which is done by mixing the silver nitrate solution with different concentrations of A. vulgaris extracts. The disc diffusion test, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) tests were carried out to investigate the antibacterial effects of the AgNP on common wound bacteria including K. pneumonia, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, B. cereus, S. aureus, and two strains of MRSA. The AgNP was also tested on probiotics using the disc diffusion test to investigate its effect on the probiotics.Results: The AgNP containing all plant concentrations were able to inhibit the growth of gram negative and gram positive bacteria. However, it required a higher concentration to inhibit the gram positive bacteria. The plant extracts and silver nanoparticles enhance each other’s effect to inhibit the growth of bacteria. Nanoparticles containing the A. vulgaris extracts have less inhibitory effects on probiotics compared to antibiotics and silver nitrate alone. However, statistical analysis showed that the antibacterial effect of the treatment was not statistically significant.Conclusion: The AgNP demonstrated anti-bacterial effects on both gram positive and gram negative wound bacteria, but the effect of the treatment is not statistically significant.Keywords: Artemisia vulgaris, silver nanoparticles, antibacterial, wound bacteria
Abstract 258: The role of EGFR on RAF inhibitor resistance in B-RAFV600E melanoma and colon tumors (2011)

Abstract Constitutive activation of the RAS, RAF, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK), and extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) pathway is a common finding in many human cancers. Activating mutations in K-RAS or B-RAF constitute over 30% of all mutations in human tumors. It has been demonstrated that RAF inhibitors selectively inhibit B-RAFV600E tumors and not RAS mutant tumors, despite functioning as one of the key effector enzymes downstream of RAS and upstream of MEK. Recent Phase I clinical data with RAF inhibitors has demonstrated a significant response rate (81% response rate) in metastatic melanoma patients with B-RAFV600E-positive tumors (N Engl J Med. 2010 363:809-19). In contrast, the response rates in B-RAFV600E-positive colon tumors have been relatively low. In this work we examine the molecular mechanism of EGFR pathway activation as a mechanism of resistance by comparing the effects of RAF inhibitors against a panel of B-RAFV600E, mutant K-RAS, and WT RAS/RAF tumor lines in the presence and absence of EGF stimulation. We demonstrate that in B-RAF WT lines, pathway induction is observed for RAF inhibitors as evidenced by increases in phospho-MEK and phospho-ERK levels. RAF-inhibitor induced pathway activation in this setting mimics the kinetics and mechanism of EGF-induced pathway stimulation where RAS-GTP levels, C-RAF kinase activity and pERK levels are elevated. Upon stimulation with EGF or serum in B-RAF WT or K-RAS mutant lines, RAF inhibitor induced pathway activation is attenuated. In contrast in B-RAFV600E tumor lines, RAF inhibitors effectively block the MAPK pathway under basal conditions but become ineffective in a subset of B-RAFV600E lines when cells are stimulated with EGF. Additional studies across a broader panel of colon and melanoma mutant B-RAF lines demonstrate that B-RAFV600E lines with high basal levels of EGFR tend to be more resistant to selective B-RAFV600E inhibitors. Immunohistochemistry of colorectal tumor patient samples with either wildtype B-RAF or B-RAFV600E illustrates that colorectal B-RAFV600E tumors are associated with a higher percentage of membrane EGFR. Taken together, these results provide insight into the therapeutic utility of MAPK pathway inhibitors, and emphasize not only the importance of targeting defined genetic backgrounds in cancer treatment but the value in assessing other key pathway markers (such as EGFR) in B-RAFV600E-positive tumor subsets as a factor in sensitivity or resistance to therapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 258. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-258
Diagnosis of Mycobacterium microti Infections among Humans by Using Novel Genetic Markers (1998)

As a result of DNA typing of Mycobacterium microti isolates from animals in the United Kingdom and The Netherlands, we diagnosed four human M. microti infections. These are the first M. microti infections among humans to be reported. Three of the patients were immunocompromised and suffered from generalized forms of tuberculosis. The fourth patient was a 34-year-old immunocompetent male with a persistent cough and undefined X-ray abnormalities. Two of the M. microti infections were recognized by their IS6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns, which showed a high degree of similarity with those of M. microti strains isolated from a pig and a ferret in The Netherlands. The two other human M. microti infections were recognized by using the recently developed DNA fingerprinting method, "spoligotyping," directly on clinical material. All M. microti isolates from the United Kingdom and The Netherlands were found to contain an exceptionally short genomic direct repeat region, resulting in identical two-spacer sequence reactions in spoligotyping. In contrast, the highly similar IS6110 RFLP patterns of the vole strains from the United Kingdom differed considerably from the RFLPs of all M. microti strains isolated in The Netherlands, suggesting that geographic isolation led to divergent strains in the United Kingdom and on the continent.
Evaluation of a Computed Tomography–Based Navigation System Prototype for Hip Arthroscopy in the Treatment of Femoroacetabular Cam Impingement (2009)

Level II, prospective comparative study.
Shallow water flow computation using the unified coordinates (2003)

Two general coordinate systems have been used extensively in computational fluid dynamics: the Eulerian and the Lagrangian. The Eulerian coordinates cause excessive numerical diffusion across flow discontinuities, slip lines in particular. The Lagrangian coordinates, on the other hand, can resolve slip lines sharply but cause severe grid deformation, resulting in large errors and even breakdown of the computation. Recently, Hui et al. has introduced a unified coordinate system which moves with velocity h=0 being the velocity of the fluid particle. It includes the Eulerian system as a special case when h=0, and the Lagrangian when h=1, and is shown for the multi dimensional Euler equations of gas dynamics to be superior to both the Eulerian and the Lagrangian systems. The main purpose of this paper is to adopt this unified coordinate system to solve the shallow water equations. It will be shown that computational results using the unified system are superior to existing results based on either the Eulerian system or the Lagrangian system in that it (a) resolves slip lines sharply, especially for steady flow, (b) avoids grid deformation and computation breakdown in Lagrangian coordinates.
Fibre draw conditions and the cleaving of microstructured polymer optical fibre (2006)

The conditions under which microstructured polymer optical fibre is drawn significantly affects the mechanical properties of the material. This in turn affects the way in which the material ruptures when cut.
Abstract 1459: miR-221: A potential therapeutic target for hepatocellular carcinoma (2014)

Abstract microRNAs, which control post-transcriptional gene expression by repressing mRNA translation and/or causing mRNA degradation, play important roles in human cancers. miR-221 is one of the two microRNAs in the miR-221/222 cluster located in chromosome-X, targets key cancer pathways and inhibit translation of several tumor suppressors including p27, p57, and PTEN. miR-221 is up-regulated by &amp;gt;2-fold in 55% and &amp;gt;5-fold in 14% of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumor samples. Importantly, it has been shown in preclinical HCC models that miR-221 overexpression accelerated tumorigenesis, while miR-221 inhibition reduced tumor growth. To identify novel microRNA antagonists that specifically inhibit miR-221 (refer to as miR-221 anti-miRs) for the treatment of HCC, we have generated a number of chemically-modified oligonucleotides and screened for their ability to inhibit miR-221 functions. A number of potent and metabolically stable miR-221 anti-miRs devoid of proinflammatory potential were identified. These miR-221 anti-miRs were tested in a number of human HCC cell lines that highly express miR-221 compare to normal adult human hepatocytes. We demonstrated the de-repression of both p27 mRNA and p27 protein in HCC cells following treatment with miR-221 anti-miRs. We also showed in HCC cells the de-repression of a novel miR-221 target gene recently identified through an argonuate pull-down assay (Ago-IP), alongside with the enrichment of global miR-221 target seeds (as defined by TargetScan) following miR-221 anti-miRs treatment. We then sought to determine the biologic consequences following miR-221 inhibition in HCC cells. In standard cell proliferation assays, we demonstrated that HCC cells responded to miR-221 anti-miRs treatment with IC50s of 125 to 500nM under free-uptake conditions and IC50s of 5 to 75 nM under transfection conditions. In addition, we also showed that miR-221 anti-miRs treatment disrupted HCC cell cycle transition. Altogether, our data showed that miR-221 inhibition de-repressed p27, blocked cell cycle progression and reduced cell proliferation in HCC cells, and supports the notion of miR-221 as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of HCC. Further preclinical testing of our miR-221 anti-miRs is currently in progress. Citation Format: Edmund C. Lee, Jessica Xu, Thomas Vincent, Jie Chen, Michael Nelson, Xinqiang Huang, Eric Marcusson, John Androsavich, Scott Davis, Adam Pavlicek, Neil Gibson, Sonya Zabludoff. miR-221: A potential therapeutic target for hepatocellular carcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1459. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1459
Towards High‐Throughput Cell Mechanics Assays for Research and Clinical Applications (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Cell Mechanics Overview Bulk Assays Single-Cell Techniques Existing High-Throughput Cell Mechanical-Based Assays Cell Mechanical Properties and Diseases References