gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polycapillary X-ray optics for microdiffraction (1999)

Polycapillary optics, i.e. shaped arrays consisting of hundreds of thousands of hollow glass capillary tubes, can be used to redirect, collimate or focus X-ray beams. X-rays emitted over a large angular range from conventional laboratory-based sources can be transformed into a beam with a small angular divergence or focused onto a small sample or sample area. Convergent beams of X-rays, with convergence angles as high as 15°, have been produced using polycapillary X-ray optics. Focused-spot sizes as small as 20 µm have been achieved, with flux densities two orders of magnitude larger than that produced by pinhole collimation. This results in a comparable decrease in data collection times because of the increase in direct-beam intensity and reciprocal-space coverage. In addition, the optics can be employed to reduce background and provide more convenient alignment geometries. The inverse dependence of the critical angle for total external reflection on photon energy results in suppression of high-energy photons. This effect can be employed to allow the use of higher tube potentials to increase the characteristic line emission and has also been employed to increase significantly the K α/ K β ratio in Cu radiation. Measurements of X-ray diffraction data and crystallographic analyses have been performed for systems ranging from elemental crystals to proteins. Data from a lysozyme protein `standard' with a slightly convergent beam, taken in 3 min per frame with 2° oscillation with a 2.8 kW source, refined to an intensity variance of 5% compared to a standard data set. High-quality data were also obtained with a 0.03 kW fixed-anode source and a 2° convergent lens in 5 min per frame.
Estimating the Confidence Interval of Expected Performance Curve in Biometric Authentication using Joint Bootstrap (2007)

Evaluating biometric authentication performance is a complex task because the performance depends on the user set size, composition and the choice of samples. We propose to reduce the performance dependency of these three factors by deriving appropriate confidence intervals. In this study, we focus on deriving a confidence region based on the recently proposed expected performance curve (EPC). An EPC is different from the conventional DET or ROC curve because an EPC assumes that the test class-conditional (client and impostor) score distributions are unknown and this includes the choice of the decision threshold for various operating points. Instead, an EPC selects thresholds based on the training set and applies them on the test set. The proposed technique is useful, for example, to quote realistic upper and lower bounds of the decision cost function used in the NIST annual speaker evaluation. Our findings, based on the 24 systems submitted to the NIST2005 evaluation, show that the confidence region obtained from our proposed algorithm can correctly predict the performance of an unseen database with two times more users with an average coverage of 95% (over all the 24 systems). A coverage is the proportion of the unseen EPC covered by the derived confidence interval.
Reduction and characterization of a drift error in measurement of small antennas using a network analyzer (2000)

The radiation resistances of a monopole antenna and a dielectric loaded monopole antenna have precisely been measured on the basis of the Wheeler cap (1947) method. The precision of the measurement has been proved to improve with the use of the stub tuner. To give a theoretical background for the improvement in the measured radiation resistance, the drift error of the network analyzer has mathematically been characterized using the error vector model. Using the model, we have theoretically estimated the enhancement of measurement precision when the antenna is matched to the transmission line. The use of such impedance converters as the stub tuner can generally be applied to measure the radiation resistance of small antennas having a small resistance and a large reactance, where the drift error of the instrument gives a serious degradation to the measurement precision.
Intestinal Enterokinase Deficiency: A Newly-recognized Disorder of Protein Digestion (1970)

Enterokinase is an intestinal enzyme necessary for the activation of pancreatic proteolytic zymogens. Two children with absence of enterokinase activity in the duodenal juice and intestinal mucosa are described. Both had diarrhoea from birth and failed to thrive; one developed hypoproteinaemic oedema. Oral administration of pancreatic extract resulted in prompt control of symptoms and acceleration of growth. A simple screening test for enterokinase deficiency is described.
Polynucleotide Phosphorylase Activity May Be Modulated by Metabolites in Escherichia coli (2011)

RNA turnover is an essential element of cellular homeostasis and response to environmental change. Whether the ribonucleases that mediate RNA turnover can respond to cellular metabolic status is an unresolved question. Here we present evidence that the Krebs cycle metabolite citrate affects the activity of Escherichia coli polynucleotide phosphorylase (PNPase) and, conversely, that cellular metabolism is affected widely by PNPase activity. An E. coli strain that requires PNPase for viability has suppressed growth in the presence of increased citrate concentration. Transcriptome analysis reveals a PNPase-mediated response to citrate, and PNPase deletion broadly impacts on the metabolome. In vitro, citrate directly binds and modulates PNPase activity, as predicted by crystallographic data. Binding of metal-chelated citrate in the active site at physiological concentrations appears to inhibit enzyme activity. However, metal-free citrate is bound at a vestigial active site, where it stimulates PNPase activity. Mutagenesis data confirmed a potential role of this vestigial site as an allosteric binding pocket that recognizes metal-free citrate. Collectively, these findings suggest that RNA degradative pathways communicate with central metabolism. This communication appears to be part of a feedback network that may contribute to global regulation of metabolism and cellular energy efficiency.
Table ST8 from ROS Induction Targets Persister Cancer Cells with Low Metabolic Activity in NRAS-Mutated Melanoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Table ST8: Data output of the CCLE cell line screening provided by Prof. Schreiber at Broad Institute.&lt;/p&gt;
Characterization and Recombinant Expression of Terebrid Venom Peptide from Terebra guttata (2016)

Venom peptides found in terebrid snails expand the toolbox of active compounds that can be applied to investigate cellular physiology and can be further developed as future therapeutics. However, unlike other predatory organisms, such as snakes, terebrids produce very small quantities of venom, making it difficult to obtain sufficient amounts for biochemical characterization. Here, we describe the first recombinant expression and characterization of terebrid peptide, teretoxin Tgu6.1, from Terebra guttata. Tgu6.1 is a novel forty-four amino acid teretoxin peptide with a VI/VII cysteine framework (C-C-CC-C-C) similar to O, M and I conotoxin superfamilies. A ligation-independent cloning strategy with an ompT protease deficient strain of E. coli was employed to recombinantly produce Tgu6.1. Thioredoxin was introduced in the plasmid to combat disulfide folding and solubility issues. Specifically Histidine-6 tag and Ni-NTA affinity chromatography were applied as a purification method, and enterokinase was used as a specific cleavage protease to effectively produce high yields of folded Tgu6.1 without extra residues to the primary sequence. The recombinantly-expressed Tgu6.1 peptide was bioactive, displaying a paralytic effect when injected into a Nereis virens polychaete bioassay. The recombinant strategy described to express Tgu6.1 can be applied to produce high yields of other disulfide-rich peptides.
Plasma deposition of hydrophobic coatings on structured surfaces for condensation and heat transfer applications (2013)

The control of vapor condensation processes by suitably prepared surfaces is a prominent research area with important applications in the industry. For example, it is well known that the efficiency of condensation heat exchangers can be significantly increased when the vapor condenses to form droplets on the surface, instead of a closed film which does not wet the surface. In the present work, hydrophobic thin films are deposited via plasma CVD processes on metallic surfaces to investigate the condensation of water vapor on these surfaces. The drop-wise condensation on the coated surfaces is analyzed by optical microscopy and the effect on the heat transfer is measured by heat flux measurements. In order to show the potential of the deposition process for industrial applications and to investigate the effect of drop-wise condensation on heat transfer, copper (Cu) substrates were coated with a plasma polymer film using an organosilicon monomer (Hexamethyldisiloxane, HMDSO) as a precursor. In addition, the effect of surface roughness on the drop-wise condensation is presented because the static contact angle of water on hydrophobic surfaces depends strongly on surface topography.
Chemistry of Metal Silicates and Germanates: The Largest Metal Polygermanate, K11Mn21Ge32O86(OH)9(H2O), with a 76 Å Periodic Lattice (2020)

An examination of manganese silicates and germanates revealed unusual structural motifs and extremely different chemistries, with identical hydrothermal reactions forming K<sub>2</sub>Mn<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>3</sub>O<sub>9</sub> versus K<sub>11</sub>Mn<sub>21</sub>Ge<sub>32</sub>O<sub>86</sub>(OH)<sub>9</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O). The germanate is exceptional in both its <i>c</i>-axis length (exceeding 76 Å) and unit cell volume (nearly 18000 Å<sup>3</sup>), the largest known polygermanate structure to our knowledge.
5-Cyclic Amine-3-arylsulfonylindazoles as Novel 5-HT6 Receptor Antagonists (2010)

Novel 5-cyclic amine-3-arylsulfonylindazoles were prepared, and several analogues within this class have been identified as high-affinity 5-HT(6) receptor ligands with improved pharmacokinetic and pharmacological properties. One selected example, 18b, showed good brain penetrability and a generally favorable pharmacokinetic profile with procognitive efficacy in the rat novel object recognition assay. The synthesis and structure-activity relationship of this potent class are discussed.
Predictive Markers of Asthma Exacerbation during Stepwise Dose Reduction of Inhaled Corticosteroids (2001)

To determine predictors for failed reduction of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), in 50 subjects with well-controlled asthma (age 43.7 [18-69]; 22 males) taking a median dose of 1,000 microg ICS/d (100-3,600 microg/d), ICS were halved every 8 wk. Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to a bronchial provocation test (BPT) with histamine was measured at baseline. AHR to BPT with mannitol, spirometry, exhaled nitric oxide (eNO), and, in 31 subjects, sputum inflammatory cells were measured at baseline and at monthly intervals. Thirty-nine subjects suffered an asthma exacerbation. Seven subjects were successfully weaned off ICS. Using a Kaplan- Meier survival analysis, the significant predictors of a failure of ICS reduction were being hyperresponsive to both histamine and mannitol at baseline (p = 0.039), and being hyperresponsive to mannitol during the dose-reduction phase of the study (p = 0.02). Subjects older than 40 yr of age tended to be at greater risk of ICS reduction failure (p = 0.059). Response to mannitol and percentage sputum eosinophils were significantly greater before a failed ICS reduction than before the last successful ICS reduction, whereas there were no significant differences in symptoms, spirometry, or eNO. These findings suggest that documentation of patient's AHR or sputum eosinophils may be useful in guiding the reduction of ICS doses.
Design of UWB Antennas to Monitor Cardiac Activity (2011)

This paper presents two novel ultra wideband (UWB) printed antennas designed to be part of a UWB radar system for cardiac activity monitoring. The two antennas have the same shape but differ in terms of dielectric substrate and dimensions and are designed to be used one in a wearable and the other in non-wearable (fixed) radar. With regard to the fixed antenna, numerical results show an optimum fidelity factor and an almost constant group delay in the 3.1 - 10.6 GHz frequency band. As concerns the wearable antenna, numerical results obtained considering the antenna placed in the vicinity of a box model of the thorax, containing a spherical model of the heart, show that small heart movements can be detected. Eventually, the two antennas have been realized and measured by means of a vector network analyzer finding a return loss lower than -10 dB in the 3.1 - 10.6 GHz frequency band with a good agreement between simulations and measurements. Also, measurements of the fixed antenna gain and radiation pattern, performed in an anechoic chamber, show a good agreement with simulations.
A Transducer for the Clinical Recording of Ocular Microtremor (1978)

In this study, the performances of one-dimensional and two-dimensional least-squares strain estimators (LSQSE) are compared. Furthermore, the effects of kernel size are examined using simulated raw frequency data of a widely-adapted hard lesion/soft tissue model. The performances of both methods are assessed in terms of root-mean-squared errors (RMSE), elastographic signal-to-noise ratio (SNRe) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNRe). RMSE analysis revealed that the 2D LSQSE yields better results for phased array data, especially for larger insonification angles. Using a 2D LSQSE enabled the processing of unfiltered displacement data, in particular for the lateral/horizontal strain components. The SNRe and CNRe analysis showed an improvement in precision and almost no loss in contrast using 2D LSQSE. However, the RMSE images for different kernel sizes revealed that the optimal 2D kernel size depends on the region-of-interest and showed that the LSQ kernel size should be limited to avoid loss in resolution.
Synthetic hydroxyapatites as inorganic cation exchangers. Part 3.—Exchange characteristics of lead ions (Pb2+) (1984)

The ion-exchange characteristics between Pb2+ ions of aqueous solutions containing various counter-anions (F–, Cl– and NO–3) and Ca2+ ions of synthetic hydroxyapatite samples have been investigated in detail under the conditions of low pH values (3.0, 4.0 and 5.0).The ratio of removal of Pb2+ ions to the apatites increased with a decrease in pH from 5.0 to 3.0, but even at pH 5.0 the ratio of removal of Pb2+ ions increased from 10 to 60% as the reaction time increased from 2 h to 20 days.Even at the low pH value of 3.0 the apatite structure in a solution contaning F– or Cl– ions was maintained via a concurrent ion-exchange effect of Pb2+ ions together with F– or Cl– ions, which are known to be exchangeable for OH– ions of the apatite, while the apatite structure in the system containing NO–3 ions was destroyed by protons. This destruction is thought to be due to the fact that since NO–3 ions cannot be exchanged for OH– ions, the retention of the apatite structure together with Pb2+ ions was made impossible by the loosening or dissolving effect of protons on the skeletal structure of the apatite at such a low pH as 3.0.Moreover, the crystal structure of Pb2+ ion-exchanged apatite [Ca3.6Pb6.4(PO4)6(OH)2], with a= 9.882(3)Å and c= 7.417(2)Å, has been investigated by the X-ray powder pattern-fitting method. The determined site occupancy factors of Pb2+ ions were almost the same, i.e. 0.75 and 0.57 for M1 and M2 (column site) sites, respectively.These results show that Ca2+ ions in the apatite sample can easily be exchanged for Pb2+ ions almost without distinction between M1 and M2 sites, assisted by the loosening effect of protons even at room temperature. The hydroxyapatite can easily be converted into stable lead apatite in acidic solutions containing exchangeable anions such as F– or Cl– by a synergistic effect.
An “off-the-shelf” capillary microfluidic device that enables tuning of the droplet breakup regime at constant flow rates (2013)

The fabrication of glass capillary microfluidic devices is technically challenging, often hampering use of the design. We describe a new technique, based on commercially available components, for assembling flow focusing capillary devices that can readily be taken apart and cleaned between uses. This design strategy allows for generation of both water-in-oil and oil-in-water emulsions in the same device after an ethanol rinse. The modularity of the device enables the adjustment of the tip separation between the two inner capillaries during droplet generation, which enables tuning of the age of the interface. Time-dependent surfactant diffusion to the interface changes the interfacial tension, thus providing an approach for adjusting the capillary number in addition to the usual method of changing flow rates. This design enables the tuning of the mode of breakup and the droplet size.
Noise robust speech coding at very low bit rates (2009)

We propose a new method for noise robust encoding of speech at very low bit rates. The method constitutes an extension to common speech-recognition/speech-resynthesis schemes, which have become feasible in recent years due to advances in speech recognition and artificial speech synthesis. Most such methods, however, suffer from a significant performance degradation in acoustic environments with background noise. Our proposed procedure is novel since speech enhancement capabilities are built directly into the coding paradigm. Denoising and coding are accomplished jointly by utilizing a statistical description of the parameter space of an underlying speech model (i.e. speech inventory). We conducted experiments with a dedicated speaker in acoustic environments with a signal-to-noise ratio of 10dB. The proposed method was able to improve the perceptual quality of the encoded speech signal by 30 % in PESQ measure at an average rate of just under 1.5 kbit/sec. 1.
Synthesis of 3-Alkoxy- and 3-Alkylamino-2-alkyl-3-arylisoindolinones (1999)

Solvent-controlled regioselectivity in the reactions of 3-chloroisoindolinones with primary amines allows the rational synthesis of isoindolinones by a route suitable for parallel combinatorial chemistry.
Molecular Cloning, Expression, and Biological Characterization of an HTLV-II Envelope Glycoprotein: HIV-1 Expression Is Permissive for HTLV-II-Induced Cell Fusion (1993)

The human T cell leukemia virus II (HTLV-II) is a type C retrovirus closely related to the human transforming retrovirus HTLV-I. In contrast to HTLV-I, the role of HTLV-II in human disease is controversial. However, HTLV-II infection has been documented in several cases of a clinically benign hairy cell leukemia and has also been suggested as a cofactor for HIV-1 disease progression. We report that an HTLV-II isolate (designated FLW) derived from a serum-positive white male can induce cell fusion and significant cytopathic effects in tissue culture. This HTLV-II isolate induced syncytium formation with human T and B cell lines, several human fibroblast cell lines, and, interestingly, HIV-1- and HIV-2-infected cell lines. To elucidate the role in the FLW envelope in this phenomenon, we have cloned the envelope glycoproteins gp46 and gp21 of this isolate. The envelope glycoproteins expressed in the absence of the rest of the viral genome were sufficient to drive syncytium formation in vitro , and preserved the cellular tropism for syncytium formation observed with the native retroviral isolate. Amino acid (aa) sequence analysis demonstrated 88% overall similarity with other HTLV-II envelope glycoproteins. Interestingly, only cells infected by HIV-I, but not parental H9 cells, form syncytia with FLW env -transfected cells as well as with HTLV-II/FLW-infected BJAB-WH cells. Furthermore, antibodies directed at the CD4 receptor failed to inhibit the induction of giant cell formation, implying that the FLW envelope protein was responsible for driving syncytium formation in this system. These observations may be important for the understanding of the processes involved in human retro viral-mediated syncytium formation and may suggest a mechanism whereby HTLV-II could influence the disease process in individuals dually infected with HIV-1 and HTLV-II.
Labile polycarbonates containing azo units susceptible to thermolytic or acidolytic degradation (1998)

Co- and terpolycarbonates containing thermosensitive cycloallylic, benzylic or tertiary diols and, in addition, labile azo functionalities were synthesized in solution from bis(imidazole-carboxylate)s under phase-transfer conditions. The azo groups were introduced by using 2,2'azobis(2-methylpropanol) (1) and azobis(1-hydroxymethyl)cyclohexane (2) as diol components. All copolymers were obtained as amorphous, soft materials with glass transition temperatures below 30°C. Partial crystallinity, however, could be obtained in terpolycarbonates, leading to improved mechanical stability of the products. The polymers were obtained with molar masses Mn in the range 6000-12 900 g/mol. Depending on the structure, the polymers decomposed between 180 and 220°C in a clean, fast, and exothermic process, liberating mostly volatile products. The thermal lability of the azo moieties 1 and 2 was similar to that of the labile carbonate units. In the presence of acids, the thermal stability was drastically reduced and the decomposition started between 65 and 80°C. This allowed the lithographic imaging of these polymers in the presence of a photochemical acid generator. In addition, the imaging of these polymers by UV light in the absence of acid was possible, due to the moderate photolability of the azo group.
Signal to Noise Ratio Mapping for Cryo-Electron Tomography (2009)

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
Improvement in patient-reported sleep in type 2 diabetes and prediabetes participants receiving a continuous care intervention with nutritional ketosis (2019)

This study demonstrates improved sleep quality as assessed by PSQI in patients with T2D and prediabetes undergoing CCI including nutritional ketosis but not in T2D patients receiving UC. The dietary intervention benefited both sleep quality and the severity of T2D symptoms suggesting that nutritional ketosis improves overall health via multiple mechanisms.
The elastic structure of the cochlear partition (2001)

The inclusion of structural elasticity amongst the resonant sections of the standard cochlear model is examined. An immediate implication of adding such mechanics is the production of realistic 2f1-f2 distortion product octoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) with properties similar to those found in clinical recordings. Since the structural coupling is not dependent on any active mechanism, simulation provides an answer as to how dead ears produce cubic DPOAEs.