gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simone's OncOpinion (2008)

Reply from Dr. Simone: Many thanks for your insight and comments. Your observations certainly extend the discussion on the motivation for doing good and how we observers judge the relative merit of acts of goodness. The column about Rieux and The Plague really resonated with me. That book was probably the most influential in my young life. I first read it in high school and, along with The Brothers Karamazov, opened my eyes considerably and was influential in shaping my “life view” as well as my religious beliefs. I read it again in college (in French) and again a few years later. There is amazing depth in this rather simple story, and remarkable how Rieux reminds me of an oncologist. After reading Joe Simone's column, I pulled out my rather tattered edition and looked through the multiple highlighted and underlined passages. Perhaps not surprisingly, the passages highlighted in the article were ones that I had double underlined (and I was not even certain that I was heading for a career in medicine when I first read it). There was one passage, though, that I was surprised was not noted in the piece: In Part IV where Rieux addresses Father Paneloux after the death of a child: Rieux: “Ah, that child, anyhow, was innocent, and you know it as well as I do.” Paneloux: “But perhaps we should love what we cannot understand.” Rieux: “No, Father. I've a very different idea of love. And until my dying day, I shall refuse to love a scheme of things in which children are put to torture.” ….Paneloux: “Yes, yes. You, too, are working for man's salvation.” Rieux tried to smile. “Salvation's much too big a word for me. I don't aim so high. I'm concerned with man's health; and for me, his health comes first.” He could have been a good pediatric oncologist! Regarding Karamazov, Ivan has a similar dialogue (in the portion titled “The Grand Inquisitor”) about one's capacity to believe in God in a universe where children suffer. It blew me away when I read it. Thirty years as a pediatric oncologist has not provided me with any comforting answers. But I do agree with Rieux that we do our best to fight back. Our successes are satisfying in that regard at least. Michael P. Link, MD Lydia J. Lee Professor of Pediatrics Chief, Division of Hematology/Oncology Stanford University School of Medicine Director, Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Palo Alto, Calif.
Expanding molecular logic capabilities in DNA-scaffolded multiFRET triads (2016)

Dynamic rearrangement of DNA nanostructures provides a straightforward yet powerful mechanism for sequence-specific sensing and potential signaling of such interactions.
Using a Hazard Quotient to Evaluate Pesticide Residues Detected in Pollen Trapped from Honey Bees (Apis mellifera) in Connecticut (2013)

Analysis of pollen trapped from honey bees as they return to their hives provides a method of monitoring fluctuations in one route of pesticide exposure over location and time. We collected pollen from apiaries in five locations in Connecticut, including urban, rural, and mixed agricultural sites, for periods from two to five years. Pollen was analyzed for pesticide residues using a standard extraction method widely used for pesticides (QuEChERS) and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometric analysis. Sixty pesticides or metabolites were detected. Because the dose lethal to 50% of adult worker honey bees (LD50) is the only toxicity parameter available for a wide range of pesticides, and among our pesticides there were contact LD50 values ranging from 0.006 to >1000 μg per bee (range 166,000X), and even among insecticides LD50 values ranged from 0.006 to 59.8 μg/bee (10,000X); therefore we propose that in studies of honey bee exposure to pesticides that concentrations be reported as Hazard Quotients as well as in standard concentrations such as parts per billion. We used both contact and oral LD50 values to calculate Pollen Hazard Quotients (PHQ = concentration in ppb ÷ LD50 as μg/bee) when both were available. In this study, pesticide Pollen Hazard Quotients ranged from over 75,000 to 0.01. The pesticides with the greatest Pollen Hazard Quotients at the maximum concentrations found in our study were (in descending order): phosmet, Imidacloprid, indoxacarb, chlorpyrifos, fipronil, thiamethoxam, azinphos-methyl, and fenthion, all with at least one Pollen Hazard Quotient (using contact or oral LD50) over 500. At the maximum rate of pollen consumption by nurse bees, a Pollen Hazard Quotient of 500 would be approximately equivalent to consuming 0.5% of the LD50 per day. We also present an example of a Nectar Hazard Quotient and the percentage of LD50 per day at the maximum nectar consumption rate.
Development of a New Frame Autobody Investigation (2003)

A new frame autobody is made up of frame and bo dy skin,which has such a dvantages as:reducing the cost of mould making,shortening the period of developm ent and lightening weight.In this paper,recent development about frame autobody at home and abroad is summarized.Some key technologies in developing this kind o f body are emphasized,which include development and application of some new mate rials,such as high strength steels,aluminium alloys and tailor-welded blanks,an d some new processes,such as warm forming,hydroforming and joining technology be tween frame and body skin.
Demodicosis in nine prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) (2006)

This case report describes the clinical signs and treatment of demodicosis in nine pet prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus). Clinical records including history, clinical examination, microscopic evaluation and fungal culture of the skin lesions were available for all nine animals. In seven animals, blood was obtained for haematological and biochemical analyses. Clinical signs comprised bilaterally symmetrical alopecia extending from the middle part of the back down to the skin of the thighs and the dorsal and ventral parts of the tail. Demodex mites were found in skin scrapings from all cases. Treatment with amitraz at 250 p.p.m. resulted in resolution of lesions and hair regrowth. This is the first report of demodicosis in this species.
EUV source collector (2006)

A collector subsystem has been designed, built, and tested. The subsystem consists of a 320mm diameter ellipsoidal collector coated with a graded multilayer, mounting mechanics, thermal management capability, and a collector protection system. The EUV light emission can be collected with a solid angle of 1.6 sr. Collector substrates have been developed with the goal of offering both optical surface quality to support high multilayer mirror (MLM) reflectivity and material compatibility for long-term operation in the EUV source system. An interface-engineered MLM coating capable of maintaining high normal-incidence peak reflectivity at 13.5 nm during continuous operation at 400 °C has been developed. The thermal management of the system has been engineered and tested to maintain uniform substrate temperature during operation. Lastly, protection techniques have been developed to provide the collector with a long operational lifetime. Performance data for the entire subsystem are presented. The collector was installed in the source chamber of a laser-produced-plasma EUV source during system integration experiments using a tin droplet target. First results of the collected EUV output at the intermediate focus measured with a power meter and a fluorescence-converter-based imaging system are discussed.
Staphylococcus aureus‐derived extracellular vesicles induce monocyte recruitment by activating human dermal microvascular endothelial cells in vitro (2018)

SEVs as proinflammatory factors could mediate immune cell infiltration in AD by efficiently inducing endothelial cell activation and monocyte recruitment, which may provide insights into alleviating the S. aureus-mediated onset or progression of AD and its phenotypes.
Fast universal logical gates on topologically encoded qubits at arbitrarily large code distances (2018)

A fundamental question in the theory of quantum computation is to understand the ultimate space-time resource costs for performing a universal set of logical quantum gates to arbitrary precision. Here we demonstrate that non-Abelian anyons in Turaev-Viro quantum error correcting codes can be moved over a distance of order the code distance, and thus braided, by a constant depth local unitary quantum circuit followed by a permutation of qubits. Our gates are protected in the sense that the length of error strings do not grow by more than a constant factor. When applied to the Fibonacci surface code, our results demonstrate that a universal logical gate set can be implemented on encoded qubits through a constant depth unitary quantum circuit, and without increasing the asymptotic scaling of the space overhead. Our result reformulates the notion of anyon braiding as an effectively instantaneous process, rather than as an adiabatic, slow process.
Performance characteristics of a nanoscale double-gate reconfigurable array (2008)

The double gate transistor is a promising device applicable to deep sub-micron design due to its inherent resistance to short-channel effects and superior subthreshold performance. Using both TCAD and SPICE circuit simulation, it is shown that the characteristics of fully depleted dual-gate thin-body Schottky barrier silicon transistors will not only uncouple the conflicting requirements of high performance and low standby power in digital logic, but will also allow the development of a locally-connected reconfigurable computing mesh. The magnitude of the threshold shift effect will scale with device dimensions and will remain compatible with oxide reliability constraints. A field-programmable architecture based on the double gate transistor is described in which the operating point of the circuit is biased via one gate while the other gate is used to form the logic array, such that complex heterogeneous computing functions may be developed from this homogeneous, mesh-connected organization.
Exercise-induced immune response in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (2015)

<b>Introduction:</b> Perivascular inflammation and elevated levels of circulating cytokines are observed in patients idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) suggesting a potential role of inflammation and autoimmunity in the pathogenesis. Physical exercise exerts an anti-inflammatory effect in chronic cardiovascular diseases by amelioration of low-grade chronic inflammation. <b>Methods:</b> Patients with IPAH in WHO functional class II-III, without past or current malignant or autoimmune disease and with a current c-reactive protein level &lt; 5 mg/dl were included. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) was performed in patients and age-, gender- and body mass index-matched healthy subjects. Phenotypic characterization of lymphocytes was performed with multicolor flow cytometry. <b>Results:</b> Prior to exercise higher levels of CXCR3<sup>−</sup>/CCR6<sup>−</sup>/CCR4<sup>+</sup> T<sub>H</sub>2 (p=0.035) and CD25<sup>high</sup>/CD127<sup>low</sup> T regulatory lymphocytes (p=0.041) as well as lower levels CXCR3<sup>+</sup>/CCR6<sup>+</sup>/CCR4<sup>−</sup> T<sub>H</sub>1/T<sub>H</sub>17 lymphocytes (p=0.007) were found in IPAH patients (n=12) compared to healthy controls (n=10). Overall, CPET provoked a transient elevation of lymphocyte number (p&lt;0.001). Remarkably, exercise lead to a reduction of CXCR3<sup>−</sup>/CCR6<sup>+</sup>/CCR4<sup>+</sup> T<sub>H</sub>17 in IPAH patients, but not in healthy controls (p=0.026). Exercise-induced reduction of T<sub>H</sub>17 lymphocytes were associated with higher peak oxygen consumption in IPAH patients (p&lt;0.027), but not in healthy controls (p=0.97). <b>Conclusion:</b> We demonstrate a link between the immune system and physical exercise in patients with IPAH. Our findings may underlie the potential of immunmodulation to improve exercise capacity in patients with IPAH.
P5631The impact of plaque type on strut embedment/protrusion and shear stress distribution in bioresorbable scaffold (2019)

Abstract Background and aim Scaffold design and plaque characteristics influence implantation outcomes and local flow dynamics in treated coronary segments. Our aim is to assess the impact of strut embedment/protrusion of bioresorbable scaffold on local shear stress distribution in different atherosclerotic plaque types. Method Fifteen Absorb everolimus-eluting Bioresorbable Vascular Scaffolds were implanted in human epicardial coronary arteries. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was performed post-scaffold implantation and strut embedment/protrusion were analyzed using a dedicated software. OCT data was fused with angiography to reconstruct three-dimensional coronary anatomy. Blood flow simulation was performed and wall shear stress (WSS) was estimated in each scaffolded surface and the relationship between strut embedment/protrusion and WSS was evaluated. Results There were 9083 struts analysed. Ninety-seven percent of the struts (n=8840) were well apposed and 243 (3%) were malapposed. At cross-section level (n=1289), strut embedment was significantly increased in fibroatheromatous plaques (76±48μm) and decreased in fibro-calcific plaques (35±52 μm). Compatible with strut embedment, WSS was significantly higher in lipid-rich fibroatheromatous plaques (1.50±0.81Pa), whereas significantly decreased in fibro-calcified plaques (1.05±0.91Pa). After categorization of WSS as low (&lt;1.0 Pa) and normal/high WSS (≥1.0 Pa), the percent of low-WSS in the plaque subgroups were 30.1%, 31.1%, 25.4% and 36.2% for non-diseased vessel wall, fibrous plaque, fibro-atheromatous plaque and fibro-calcific plaque, respectively (p-overall&lt;0.001). Table 1. Cross-section level Embedment/Protrusion and WSS according to the plaque type Plaque type Embedment depth (μm) Protrusion distance (μm) WSS (Pa) Non-atherosclerotic intimal thickening/normal vessel wall (n=2275) 47±34*Δ¥ 123±34¶Ξπ 1.44±0.9θ§£ Fibrous (n=4191) 53±40*#&amp; 118±38¶Ψ‡ 1.24±0.78αθ∞ Fibroatheromatous (n=2027) 76±48#ΦΔ 94.6±46Ω†Ψπ 1.50±0.81Σ§α Fibro-calcific (n=590) 35±52&amp;Φ¥ 139±50‡†Ξ 1.05±0.91∞£Σ For embedment: *p=0.09, #p&lt;0.001, &amp;p&lt;0.001, Φp&lt;0.0001, Δp&lt;0.0001, ¥p&lt;0.0001. For protrusion: ¶p=0.74, Ξp&lt;0.0001, πp&lt;0.0001, Ψp&lt;0.0001, ‡p&lt;0.0001, †p&lt;0.0001. For WSS: θp&lt;0.001, §p=0.06, £p&lt;0.0001, αp&lt;0.0001, ∞p&lt;0.0001, Ωp&lt;0.0001. n=total strut number in each plaque type, p-values come from mixed-effects regression analysis. Conclusion The composition of the underlying plaque influences strut embedment which seems to have effect on WSS. The struts deeply embedded in lipid-rich fibroatheromas plaques resulted in higher WSS compared to the other plaque types.
A short overview on modern parallel SAT-solvers (2011)

This paper surveys modern parallel SAT-solvers. It focusses on recent successful techniques and points out weaknesses that have to be overcome to exploit the full power of modern multi-core processors.
ANALYTICAL SYNCHRONIZATION OF TWO-END MEASUREMENTS FOR TRANSMISSION LINE PARAMETERS ESTIMATION AND FAULT LOCATION (2013)

This paper presents a new setting-free approach to synchronization of two-end current and voltage unsynchronized measurements. Authors propose new non-iterative algorithm processing three-phase currents and voltages measured under normal steady state load condition of overhead line. Using such synchronization the line parameters can be estimated and then precise fault location can be performed. The presented algorithm has been tested with ATP-EMTP software by generating great number of simulations with various sets of line parameters proving its usefulness for overhead lines up to 200km length.
Anionic Copolymerization of Styrene and 1, 1-Diphenylethylene (1967)

Abstract The anionic copolymerization of styrene (M1) and 1, 1-diphenylethylene (M2) was investigated. 1, 1-Diphenylethylene, which can not homopolymerize by itself, was copolymerized with styrene by means of an anionic initiator. The copolymerization reaction seemed to proceed without termination or chain transfer, and gave a high molecular alternating copolymer under appropriate reaction conditions. The monomer reactivity ratio, r1, was obtained from the copolymer composition at the complete consumption of M1, assuming the rate constant k22=0. The monomer reactivity ratio was affected by the solvent (n-hexane, benzene, toluene, or THF), but not by the catalyst (n-BuLi, Na-dispersion, Na-naphthalene, or K-dispersion) or the reaction temperature. It was 0.4 in toluene at 30°C.
A New Microsurgical Technique for Minimally Invasive Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion (1997)

The microsurgical approaches described in this article are atraumatic techniques to reach the lumbar spinal levels L2-L3, L3-L4, L4-L5, and L5-S1. They represent microsurgical modifications of the surgical approaches well known to the spine surgeon. They can be learned in a step-by-step fashion, starting with a conventional skin incision and, once the surgeon is familiar with the instruments, moving on to the microsurgical technique. The approaches are not restricted to the type of fusion (iliac crest autograft) presented in this series.
Argon Laser Surgery of Skin Lesions in Tuberous Sclerosis (1988)

Two patients with tuberous sclerosis whose skin lesions included facial angiofibromas (adenoma sebaceum), fibromatous pigmented plaque, and periungual fibromas were treated with the argon laser. Their lesions responded favorably and did not recur during our follow-up period of four to five years.
ChemInform Abstract: Yolk/Shell Nanoparticles: New Platforms for Nanoreactors, Drug Delivery and Lithium‐Ion Batteries (2012)

Abstract Review: 171 refs.
A safety and pharmacokinetic study of intravenous natalizumab in patients with MS (1999)

A phase 1, randomized, placebo-controlled, five-level dose escalation safety and tolerability and pharmacokinetic study of a single IV dose of natalizumab was performed. Doses of 0.03 to 3.0 mg/kg natalizumab or placebo were studied in 28 stable relapsing-remitting or secondary-progressive MS. All doses were safe and well tolerated in MS. Serum concentrations of natalizumab are detectable for 3 to 8 weeks after a single 1- or 3-mg/kg IV dose and justify controlled efficacy studies.
Longitudinal pulsed electric field equipment for tobacco leaves: Methodology for calculating parameters for an electric circuit (2008)

Drying of tobacco leaves and stems is a high energy intensive process. Pulsed electric field treatment can be applied to decrease significant energy requirements. An analysis of the electrical circuits of the equipment for pulsed electric field treatment of plants has been accomplished and an electric circuit for longitudinal PEF equipment to treat tobacco leaves and stems with a buffer capacitor and a rectifier for high voltage has been proposed. A method for determination of the electric circuit parameters and for power supply to the equipment is given. Results of the calculation of the two electrical circuits are also presented.
Mitral valve repair using a prosthetic ring with chordal sizing system: a modified technique in the presence of myxomatous leaflets (2017)

A semi-rigid complete ring including a chordal sizing system has been introduced with the aim of standardizing neochordae implantation. Instructions for use of this ring suggest to pass the neochordae through the free margin of mitral leaflets. We introduce a modification of this technique in the presence of myxomatous leaflets.
PRIME Immunology: Self-directed Introduction to Medical School Immunology (2021)

Use of PRIME Immunology during a 3-year period suggested that providing students with an overview of key topics before the start of their course may (i) reduce student angst about immunology and (ii) improve retention of immunology.
Einführung und Überblick (1984)

Die gescheiterte Revolution von 1848/49 stellt für die allgemeine Geschichtsschreibung einen markanten Epocheneinschnitt dar. Sie war einerseits die letzte revolutionäre Aktion des liberalen Bürgertums in europäischem Maßstab und sie gab andererseits einen wesentlichen Anstoß für die rasante industriell-kapitalistische Entwicklung auf dem Kontinent. Dem Scheitern der politischen Revolution entsprach der Anstoß zur industriellen Revolution, die Deutschland mit einer rund 40jährigen Verzögerung gegenüber Frankreich erfaßte. Die Ursache für diese gegensätzliche Entwicklung ist im wesentlichen in einer Interessenverlagerung des Bürgertums vom politischen auf den wirtschaftlichen Bereich zu sehen. Dieser Umorientierung der bis dahin progressiven Gesellschaftsklasse entsprach eine entscheidende Veränderung der gesellschaftspolitischen Wertmaßstäbe, die in Deutschland besonders spürbar wurde. An die Stelle zukunftsorientierter demokratischer Gesellschaftsentwürfe, die das Bürgertum im Vormärz entwickelt und gegenüber den reaktionären Kräften propagiert hatte, tritt nach der Revolution ein ökonomisch orientiertes Besitzdenken.
Microstructural, mechanical and mass transport properties of isotropic and capillary alginate gels (2013)

Macroscopically homogeneous and inhomogeneous calcium alginate gels are formed via internal or external addition of various amounts of calcium to an alginate solution. The externally formed gels contain parallel aligned capillary structures. The mechanical and mass transport properties and the microstructure of the differently set gels were characterized by rheological measurements, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TEM images show a zone of distorted anisotropic gel structure in the vicinity of the capillaries as well as indications of a lower degree of void connectivity. The diffusion rates of dextran at large distances from the capillaries were fast and capillary gels showed a plastic behaviour in comparison to the internally set gels. The results presented show large functional differences between the internally and externally set gels, which cannot be explained by the presence of capillaries alone.
Standard PET/CT of the chest during shallow breathing is inadequate for comprehensive staging of lung cancer. (2006)

Acquisition of standard PET/CT chest images during shallow breathing is inadequate for comprehensive cancer staging.
Adaptation Processes in Insect Olfactory Receptors (1987)

Adaptation was studied in single olfactory receptor cells of male moths of Bombyx mori and Antheraea polyphemus. Receptor potential and nerve impulse generators have different and very likely, spatially separate adaptation mechanisms possibly located in the outer dendritic segment and the cell soma, respectively. Restricted portions of the receptor cell dendrite can be locally adapted. The impulse generator may exhibit at least two distinct adaptation processes with different kinetics, as deduced from a consideration of the phasic-tonic response and the different adaptation properties of each of these phases. The response characteristics of cells in the same sensillum are different. The "faster" responding cell types resolve odor pulses with frequencies up to 10 per second--a performance that is probably needed for orientation during flight toward a small odor source.
Selective PI3Kδ inhibitors, a review of the patent literature (2011)

The impact of the work at ICOS is highlighted by the fact that prior to their disclosure of selective leads, no patent applications claiming selective PI3Kδ inhibitors had been filed by other companies. This disclosure, followed by the first filings by Piramed, led to an upsurge in interest with a large cluster of filings published in 2008 while half the relevant applications were published in 2010 or 2011. These efforts, and the initial clinical data on CAL-101, the leading PI3Kδ inhibitors, have also prompted a number of commercially significant deals. In addition to an increasing number of filings, the entry into the clinical development of more selective PI3Kδ inhibitors should stimulate a better understanding of the role of this specific kinase isoform.