gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polarization independent narrow channel wavelength division multiplexing fiber couplers for 1.55 mu m (1991)

A polarization-independent narrow-channel (PINC) wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) coupler for operation at 1.55 mu m has been designed based on the birefringent properties of fused single-mode couplers. These couplers are made from both conventional single-mode fiber (SMF) and dispersion shifted fiber (DSF). The couplers are designed so that the coupling-coefficient-length products for the two orthogonal polarizations are pi out of phase. As a result of the long coupling lengths required, these couplers have very small cross-sectional dimensions, typically on the order of 10 mu m.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Enhanced Fuel Cell Performance Using Ultrafast, Out-of-Plane Proton-Conducting, 3D Graphene Oxide as an Electrolyte (2021)

Despite the considerable in-plane proton conductivity of graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets, inadequate single-cell performance in a polymer exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) occurred on incorporating a vacuum-filtration-prepared GO membrane between the electrodes. In particular, the proton transfer between the electrodes in the PEMFC single cell is in the out-of-plane direction of the GO membrane and was found to be significantly lower than for the in-plane direction due to the presence of proton conduction barriers arising from turbostratic stacking of the GO layers. Therefore, the structural transformation of GO nanosheets into an ultrafast, out-of-plane proton conductor is key to boosting GO-based PEMFC performance. Here, we report the use of a freeze-dried route to three-dimensional (3D) graphene oxide (3DGO) exhibiting a 3D interconnected network and significant interlayer void space. The out-of-plane direction proton conductivity of 3DGO was calculated to be 3.5 × 10–2 S cm–1 at 343 K and 100% relative humidity (RH), which is about 175 times higher than that for the GO membrane. The 3DGO was incorporated as a solid electrolyte in a PEMFC single cell, and a maximum power density of 60.2 mW cm–2 was obtained at 30 °C. This high proton conductivity and PEMFC performance of the 3DGO are correlated with the facile proton conduction pathway and higher water uptake in the 3D porous architecture of 3DGO.
Low Complexity H.264 Encoder Using Machine Learning For Streaming Applications (2011)

H.264, MPEG-4 part-10 or AVC, is the latest digital video codec standard which has proven to be superior than earlier standards in terms of compression ratio, quality,bit rates and error resilience [1]. Joint model (JM) reference software is used for academic reference and it was developed by the Joint Video Team (JVT) of ISO/IECMPEG and ITU-T VCEG (Video coding experts group). The Intel IPP H.264 (Integrated Performance Primitives) is a product of Intel which uses Intel IPP libraries and SIMD instructions available on modern processors. The Intel IPP H.264 is multithreaded and uses CPU optimized IPP routines. These two softwares are compared interms of execution time and video quality of the decoded sequences. The metrics used for comparison are SSIM (Structural Similarity Index Metric), PSNR (Peak-to-Peak Signal to Noise Ratio), MSE (Mean Square Error), motion estimation time, encoding time, decoding time and the compression ratio of the H.264 file size (encoded output). The compression ratio of H.264 file is found to be less in JM software at various bit rates than in Intel IPP. Hence, it is preferred over Intel IPP for reduction in the motion estimation time during encoding.Motion estimation takes about 60 to 70 percent of the encoding time. The time consuming Sum of Absolute Dierences (SAD) method adopted in the H.264 encoder in JM 16.2 software is replaced with a classication rule using machine learning. This tree is implemented in the form of if-else statements in the motion estimation block ofJM16.2. Hence, the motion estimation process is reduced to if else statements thereby reducing the encoding time. H.264 is a video codec format. Its corresponding .AAC (Advanced Audio Coding) audio format and the video format are then placed on a MP4 container using an open source tool called MP4box. This MP4 le can be streamed (after forming manifest files) using IIS (Internet Information Services) to achieve smooth low complexity streaming of media over the Internet.
Concentration‐dependent effects of titanium and aluminium ions released from thermally oxidized Ti6Al4V alloy on human osteoblasts (2006)

Thermal oxidation treatments of Ti6Al4V, at 500 and 700 degrees C, for 1 h result in the formation of an outer "ceramic" layer of rutile, which enhances osteoblast response. In the present study, we have measured in vitro Ti and Al ion release from Ti64 alloy in the as-received state and after thermal oxidation treatments at 500 or 700 degrees C, to culture medium under standard cell-culture conditions. Concentrations of both Ti and Al released from both thermal oxidation treatments were lower than from polished alloy. Al was released from the treated or untreated surfaces in substantially lower extent than Ti. Titanium and aluminium ions affected primary human osteoblast proliferation, metabolic activity, and differentiation in a dose-dependent manner. Treatments with individual Ti or Al metal ions in similar concentration ranges than released from the surfaces did not alter osteoblast response, which also remained unaffected after treatments with combinations of Ti plus Al applied in the proportional relations than detected in ion-release experiments. We then selected higher concentrations of Ti that impaired osteoblast proliferation and differentiation, while the proportional lower concentrations of Al did not alter osteoblast behavior. In spite of its inert character, it was found that Al significantly enhanced the deleterious effect of Ti on osteoblast differentiation. Therefore, thermal oxidation treatments of Ti6Al4V alloy may improve the biocompatibility of the alloy by reducing both Ti and Al release, and thus attenuating ion-mediated interference with osteoblast differentiation.
Noncontact Cardiac Mapping (2002)

The electrophysiological mechanisms of a large number of cardiac arrhythmias are now well understood and amenable to ablation therapy. The prerequisite of this therapeutic approach requires accurate localization of critical regions of the arrhythmia circuit by mapping and the delivery of ablative lesions to prevent recurrence. Surgical ablation of arrhythmias is now seldom used, unless there are other reasons for surgical intervention, such as concomitant coronary artery bypass or valve surgery, due to the morbidity and mortality associated with this procedure [1,2]. For the majority of common cardiac arrhythmias, in which the pathological and electrophysiological abnormalities are well characterized, conventional mapping techniques are eﬀective in localizing sites for ablation. However, it may not be possible to map complex cardiac arrhythmias using conventional techniques, because there are a number of limitations of conventional mapping. Contact catheters can only record changes of potential at a single point on the endocardium and there is a limit to the number of catheters that can be used. It is possible to obtain spatial information of activation by sequential point-to-point mapping from diﬀerent sites and examine the temporal relationship to a reference electrode, but this is time consuming and requires the presence of continuous tachycardia for long periods. This approach may not be feasible for patients with poorly tolerated tachycardias such as fast ventricular tachycardias (VT) or if the arrhythmia is nonsustained. Thecomplex three-dimensional structure of the cardiac chamber, often in the presence of structural heart disease and geometric changes that occur during contraction, makes accurate endocardial mapping diﬃcult. Multielectrode contact catheters have been developed in the form of expandable baskets. These have been limited to 64 electrodes, a proportion of which are functionally redundant due to inadequate endocardial contact, and resolution is limited by the interspline spaces [3,4].
Human Factors Integration (HFI) in UK healthcare route map for 1 year, 5 years, 10 years and 20 years (2017)

This paper reflects on Human Factors Integration (HFI) to consider how Human Factors/Ergonomics has influenced Defence activities, and could influence safety and performance in Healthcare activities. A workshop with 16 Chartered Institute of Ergonomics &amp; Human Factors members was held in July 2016 to discuss and propose a Route Map for HFI in the UK National Health Service. The results set out achievable targets for 1, 5, 10 and 20 years culminating in mandatory HFI to achieve a resilient system for safety culture and work load.
Pharmacophore-Based Virtual Screening and Experimental Validation of Pyrazolone-Derived Inhibitors toward Janus Kinases (2022)

Janus kinases (JAKs) are nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinases that play a role in a broad range of cell signaling. JAK2 and JAK3 have been involved in the pathogenesis of common lymphoid-derived diseases and leukemia cancer. Thus, inhibition of both JAK2 and JAK3 can be a potent strategy to reduce the risk of these diseases. In the present study, the pharmacophore models built based on the commercial drug tofacitinib and the JAK2/3 proteins derived from molecular dynamics (MD) trajectories were employed to search for a dual potent JAK2/3 inhibitor by a pharmacophore-based virtual screening of 54 synthesized pyrazolone derivatives from an in-house data set. Twelve selected compounds from the virtual screening procedure were then tested for their inhibitory potency against both JAKs in the kinase assay. The <i>in vitro</i> kinase inhibition experiment indicated that compounds 3h, TK4g, and TK4b can inhibit both JAKs in the low nanomolar range. Among them, the compound TK4g showed the highest protein kinase inhibition with the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC<sub>50</sub>) value of 12.61 nM for JAK2 and 15.80 nM for JAK3. From the MD simulations study, it could be found that the sulfonamide group of TK4g can form hydrogen bonds in the hinge region at residues E930 and L932 of JAK2 and E903 and L905 of JAK3, while van der Waals interaction also plays a dominant role in ligand binding. Altogether, TK4g, found by virtual screening and biological tests, could serve as a novel therapeutical lead candidate.
Sensitivity and Specificity Estimation Using Patient-Specific Microwave Imaging in Diverse Experimental Breast Phantoms (2018)

Many new clinical investigations of microwave breast imaging have been published in recent years. Trials with over one hundred participants have indicated the potential of microwave imaging to detect breast cancer, with particularly encouraging sensitivity results reported from women with dense breasts. The next phase of clinical trials will involve larger and more diverse populations, including women with no breast abnormalities or benign breast diseases. These trials will need to address clinical efficacy in terms of sensitivity and specificity. A number of challenges exist when using microwave imaging with broad populations: 1) addressing the substantial variance in breast composition observed in the population and 2) achieving high specificity given differences between individuals. This paper analyses these challenges using a diverse phantom set which models the variance in breast composition and tumor shape and size seen in the population. The data show that the sensitivity of microwave breast imaging in breasts of differing density can suffer if patient-specific beamforming is not used. Moreover, the results suggest that achieving high specificity in dense breasts may be difficult, but that patient-specific beamforming does not adversely affect the expected specificity. In summary, this paper finds that patient-specific beamforming has a tangible impact on expected sensitivity in experimental cases and that achieving high specificity in dense breasts may be challenging.
ChemInform Abstract: Electron Energy Loss Characterization of NO on Rh(111). Part 2. Coadsorption with Oxygen and CO. (1987)

Abstract When annealed to 275 K in the presence of coadsorbed oxygen NO is converted from twofold bridge sites to linear adsorption sites.
TOXICITY OF CATIONIC LIPOSOME-DNA COMPLEX IN LUNG ISOGRAFTS (2000)

The pulmonary toxicity of cationic lipid is dose-dependent. The balance between lung graft function and transgene expression is optimal at a lipid 67 concentration of 50 microM.
Mycobacterium ulcerans Mouse Model Refinement for Pre-Clinical Profiling of Vaccine Candidates (2016)

Buruli Ulcer is a neglected tropical disease leading to extensive disabilities and morbidity in West Africa. In this paper we sought to characterize various strains of Mycobacterium ulcerans (M.ulcerans) with different origins and laboratory passage records while refining a mouse model for Buruli ulcer. We described, compared and followed the kinetics of the histo-pathological outcome of infection of a collection of strains at various anatomical sites of infection in order to find a suitable model for further immunization studies. Moreover we compared the outcome of infection in C57Bl/6 and Balbc/J mice. Specifically we described thoroughly one M. ulcerans strain characterized by slow growth rate and limited tissue necrosis, which presents close ressemblance with the infection kinetics in humans. This strain caused macrophages as well as T and B cells infiltration, correlating with mycobacterial proliferation at the site of infection as well as in the draining lymph nodes, making it a suitable strain to screen vaccine candidates efficacy.
New Horizons in the Management of Glioblastoma Multiforme: the End of the Beginning? (2010)

Glioblastoma multiforme is a highly invasive and aggressive brain tumour. It is the most commonly seen glioma with fast-growing features, being a devastating disease with no clear causation and no means of early detection. Less than 10% of glioblastoma multiforme patients survive more than 5 years after diagnosis. Current standard treatment includes maximal safe surgical resection and adjuvant concurrent chemo-irradiation with temozolomide followed by adjuvant temozolomide. Resistance to standard therapy still develops however, suggesting that glioblastoma multiforme cells are capable of switching their dependency from one signalling pathway to an alternative. Glioblastoma multiforme is a highly vascularised disease, in which angiogenesis plays an important role contributing to its progression and deadly course. Recently, therapies with agents targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor have shown clinical benefits in patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme. It is indeed important to identify novel angiogenic factors that play essential roles in tumour angiogenesis and glioblastoma multiforme progression. This paper gives an overview of the management of glioblastoma multiforme including new treatments that are available, touches upon potential new therapies based on the aforesaid understanding, and discusses the promise and challenges of achieving better outcomes in this patient group. © 2010 Hong Kong College of Radiologists.
Dual-layer metal-grid polarizer for polarization image sensor in 65-nm CMOS technology (2012)

We demonstrate an image sensor pixel with dual-layer metal grid polarizer with extinction ratio over 80 in 65-nm standard CMOS technology. By recent advanced CMOS technology, it is feasible to design sub-wavelength metal layer patterns in the visible wavelengths. Fine metal grid has high polarization characteristics. Its extinction ratio depends on the grid pitch. Thus, high extinction ratio can be realized by using deep sub-micron CMOS technology. As the grating pitch decreases, extinction ratio becomes high. On the other hand, multiple metal layers can be designed in usual CMOS technology. It is expected that improvement of extinction ratio is also achieved by utilizing this feature. In this work, we compare the extinction ratios of dual-layer polarizers with different spacing and demonstrate high extinction ratio can be achieved by optimizing the spacing.
Importance of CVD-process parameters for the synthesis of novel Al/Al2O3 and Ga/Ga2O3 composite nanostructures (2008)

Composite Al/Al2O3 films are deposited by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of the precursor [H2Al(OtBu)]2. Deposition parameters like precursor flow, substrate temperature and deposition time are varied to obtain different layers. They are systematically characterised to investigate their crystallinity (XRD), composition (EDX), structure and morphology (SEM and TEM). Either ball-like core shell structures of aluminium and alumina or with raising temperature (510°C to 600°C) nanowires of aluminium embedded in Al2O3 are produced. Interesting parallelism between the crystalline structure and morphology is drawn to confirm the role of aluminium in the one dimensional growth. No catalysis is needed to produce the different morphologies, as the growth mechanism proceeds in a self catalytic way. \nPreliminary investigations on layers grown with similar conditions are carried out with the homologue precursor [H2Ga(OtBu)]2. SEM and EDX analysis evidenced high diversity of the layers obtained. Gallium nanodroplets, 1D and 3D nanostructures with varying amount of gallium, Ga2O3 and carbon are synthesised. Particularly, the substrate nature played an important role in this case.
Design and analysis of a new quadratic boost converter (2017)

In this paper a new quadratic boost, fifth-order, point of load boost dc-dc converter is proposed. To examine the proposed converter performance, a detailed time-domain and steady-state analysis is presented. Voltage boosting features are established and then the L, C components defining equations are formulated in terms of ripple quantities. The state-space models are derived, for continuous inductor current-mode of operation, and then small-signal analysis is performed to obtain the transfer functions. Later on these transfer functions are used in the digital controller design. The proposed circuit is able to boost the load voltage to a higher value than the conventional quadratic boost converter reported in literature. A 48 V, 50 Watt prototype point of load converter is built to supply the power at constant load voltage. A 12 V dc-battery is used as power source and 50 kHz switching frequency is adopted for the prototype converter operation both in simulation and experimentation. The proposed point of load converter effectiveness is demonstrated both in simulations and experimentation.
Optimal Alignment of Three Sequences On A GPU (2014)

We develop two algorithms–layered and sloped–to align three sequences on a GPU. Our algorithms can be used to determine the alignment score as well as the actual alignment. Experiments conducted using an NVIDIA C2050 GPU show that our sloped algorithm is 3 times as fast as the layered one. Further, the sloped algorithm delivers a speedup of up to 90 relative to the single core algorithm running on our host CPU when determining the score of the best alignment and a speedup between 21 and 56 when computing the best alignment as well as its score. 1
Peri-transplant imatinib administration results in significant mortality of recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplants due to impaired bone marrow recovery (2005)

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the only known cure for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Imatinib mesylate is able to induce a complete hematologic response inmost patients but less than 5% of patients achieve a molecular remission. Therefore, combination regimens consisting of allogeneic HSCT and imatinib have been proposed. We used murine models of allogeneic HSCT to investigate the effects of imatinib administration in the peri-transplant period. We used an MHC-matched allogeneic HSCT model (B10.BR → CBA) and a congenic syngeneic HSCT model (Ly5.1 → B6). All mice received lethal doses of radiation followed by injection of 5 × 106 T-cell depleted bone marrow cells. Imatinib was administered via intraperitoneal injection twice daily from day −1 to day 8 of transplant at a dose of 45 mg/kg/dose. In the congenic model, all imatinib-treated mice died by day 8 whereas control mice had 100% survival (combined data of 2 transplants; n=16; p<0.0001). Similarly, the imatinib-treated mice in the allogeneic HSCT model had inferior survival compared to controls (p=0.0001). We analyzed imatinib-treated allogeneic HSCT recipients on day +14 and found that thymocyte counts were significantly reduced in the imatinib treated group (0.96 × 106) compared to controls (8.2 × 106) (p<0.00002). The numbers of CD4+, CD8+ and double positive thymocytes were also significantly reduced. Total splenocyte counts were diminished in the imatinib-treated group as well, but the difference was not significant (29.8 × 106 vs. 37.3 × 106). The numbers of splenic CD3+ T cells, B220+ B cells and NK1.1+ NK cells were significantly reduced in the imatinib-treated allogeneic HSCT recipients. We found no differences in the total number of bone marrow cells or CFU-GM or BFU-E colonies in imatinib-treated mice versus controls. We performed weekly complete blood counts and noted significant decreases in the hemoglobin concentration (day +7 and +14), platelets (day +7) and lymphocytes (day +21). In conclusion, peri-transplant administration of imatinib to recipients of a syngeneic or allogeneic T-cell depleted HSCT results in significant mortality, which is associated with profound defects in T-, B- and NK-lymphopoiesis, as well as moderate decreases in erythrocyte and platelet recovery.
Phase zone plates for x rays and the extreme uv (1974)

Phase-reversal zone plates can be designed even for regions of the electromagnetic spectrum where the index of refraction is complex, with a real part close to 1.0. These devices are superior to Fresnel zone plates both in their light collection, and in their signal-to-noise characteristics. Materials with suitable optical and mechanical properties exist throughout most of the 1–800-Å wavelength range for their construction. Imperfections in fabrication, such as incorrect plate thickness, sloping zone edges, or an error in the width of alternate zones result in only moderate deterioration in optical performance.
Proteomic profiling and potential cellular target identification of K11777, a clinical cysteine protease inhibitor, in Trypanosoma brucei (2011)

We report herein the design, synthesis and application of K11777-derived activity-based probes (ABPs) allowing in situ profiling and identification of potential cellular targets of K11777 in Trypanosoma brucei.
Collaborative Decision-Making with Communities Outline Text (2011)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.