gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transcriptional Regulation of Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 Expression in Human Astrocytes: Implications for Cell Plasticity (1998)

Induction of the fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) gene and the consequent accumulation of FGF-2 in the nucleus are operative events in mitotic activation and hypertrophy of human astrocytes. In the brain, these events are associated with cellular degeneration and may reflect release of the FGF-2 gene from cell contact inhibition. We used cultures of human astrocytes to examine whether expression of FGF-2 is also controlled by soluble growth factors. Treatment of subconfluent astrocytes with interleukin-1beta, epidermal or platelet-derived growth factors, 18-kDa FGF-2, or serum or direct stimulation of protein kinase C (PKC) with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate or adenylate cyclase with forskolin increased the levels of 18-, 22-, and 24-kDa FGF-2 isoforms and FGF-2 mRNA. Transfection of FGF-2 promoter-luciferase constructs identified a unique -555/-513 bp growth factor-responsive element (GFRE) that confers high basal promoter activity and activation by growth factors to a downstream promoter region. It also identified a separate region (-624/-556 bp) essential for PKC and cAMP stimulation. DNA-protein binding assays indicated that novel cis-acting elements and trans-acting factors mediate activation of the FGF-2 gene. Southwestern analysis identified 40-, 50-, 60-, and 100-kDa GFRE-binding proteins and 165-, 112-, and 90-kDa proteins that interacted with the PKC/cAMP-responsive region. The GFRE and the element essential for PKC and cAMP stimulation overlap with the region that mediates cell contact inhibition of the FGF-2 promoter. The results show a two-stage regulation of the FGF-2 gene: 1) an initial induction by reduced cell contact, and 2) further activation by growth factors or the PKC-signaling pathway. The hierarchic regulation of the FGF-2 gene promoter by cell density and growth factors or PKC reflects a two-stage activation of protein binding to the GFRE and to the PKC/cAMP-responsive region, respectively.
Recurrence score (RS) differences between primary and second-primary breast cancer (BC): Exploratory analysis of the Clalit Health Services (CHS) registry. (2020)

e12587 Background: In the phase 3 TAILORx study, the first invasive disease-free survival event (in all arms) was often opposite BC or other second primary cancer. Our goal was to investigate differences in the 21-gene RS results between the primary BC and a second primary BC, as well as the association with clinicopathological characteristics. Methods: This analysis of the prospectively-designed CHS registry included all CHS pts with estrogen receptor (ER)+ HER2-negative BC who underwent RS testing between 1/2006 and 6/2019 and for whom ≥2 RS results were identified which were &gt; 1 year apart. Results: Of the 10,244 RS assays ordered in this time frame, 371 involved pts for whom the assay was performed at least twice. Our analysis focused on the 42 pts for whom the assays were performed &gt; 1 year apart. All pts were females; 76% were initially diagnosed with node-negative BC; median (interquartile range [IQR]) age at first diagnosis was 56 (43-64) yrs. Tumor characteristics for the first and subsequent primary BC are presented (Table). The median time (IQR) between the first and latest RS assay was 4.5 (2.9-6.4) yrs. In 28 pts (67%), the latest primary BC was ipsilateral and in 14 (33%) it was contralateral. The median (IQR) difference between the first and latest RS value was 7 (1-12). The second/third primary BC had higher RS than the first BC in the majority (76%) of pts. Higher RS in the latest primary BC (compared to the first primary BC) was more common when the latest primary BC was ipsilateral than when it was contralateral (86% vs 57%, P= 0.04). Conclusions: In ER+ HER2-negative BC pts, second/third primary BC is generally associated with higher RS result (compared to the first primary BC), particularly if the later primary BC is ipsilateral. [Table: see text]
Computer simulations on polysilanes: A new method for modeling the energetics and dynamics of their thermochromic transitions (1993)

Abstract The present article summarizes the author's recent work on the computer‐based molecular modeling of polysilanes [‐SiR 2 ‐]. First, conformational energies were calculated by molecular mechanics on model compounds for poly(dimethylsilane) (PDMS), poly(diethylsilane) (PDES), and poly(di‐ n ‐hexylsilane) (PDHS). Discrepancies in conformational preferences between calculated and experimental results are attributed to factors not accounted for in these calculations, such as electronic stabilization and packing forces. Second, molecular dynamics simulations carried out on a model compound for PDHS suggest the presence of an abrupt “gas phase” thermochromic transition, analogous to the abrupt thermochromic transitions observed for PDHS both in solution and in the solid state. Third, we develop a methodology for testing Schweizer's theory of polysilane thermochromism based on the existence of a unique polymer‐solvent conformation‐dependent stabilization energy present in conjugated chains. In his treatment of the polysilanes, Schweizer adopted reasonable estimated values for this stabilization energy term V D . Presented here is a derivation of an analytical expression for V D based on a first‐principles approach. © 1993 by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
A trigonal prism-based method for hair image generation (1992)

The difficulties involved in modeling and rendering hair in computer graphics are described. An efficient method using a trigonal prism model to render individual human hairs is presented. A wisp model easily controls hair shape with a few parameters. The method also proves effective for rendering eyebrows, eyelashes, beards, moustaches, clothes and personal ornaments such as earrings and hair accessories. A double z-buffer generates the backlighting effect. A simple parabola approximates wisp loci for hair animation. The method makes it possible to draw an enormous number of hairs within a reasonably short time.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
1H and 13C NMR spectra of 2,2’-disubstitutedtrans-azobenzenes suitable for preparation of metallized azo dyes (1991)

The 1 H and 13 C NMR spectra have been measured of six trans -azobenzenes substituted at 2 and 2’ positions with substituents favourable for complex formation with a metal (OH, NH 2 , NHCOCH 3 , COOH). From the standpoint of NMR such substituted trans -azobenzenes are present in solution in a rapid equilibrium following from rotation around the bond between C-1 of phenyl group and N atom of azo linkage. The predominant form has the substituent in the syn -position with respect to the free electron pair of the nearer azo nitrogen atom. The equilibrium is affected by dipolar aprotic solvents (such as hexadeuteriodimethyl sulfoxide) by decreasing the presence of the predominant form by 1 to 11%.
An efficient reconfigurable architecture and implementation of edge detection algorithm using Handle-C (2004)

Computer manipulation of images is generally defined as digital image processing (DIP). DIP is employed in variety of applications, including video surveillance, target recognition, and image enhancement. Some of the algorithms used in image processing include convolution, edge detection and contrast enhancement. These are usually implemented in software but may also be implemented in special purpose hardware to reduce speed. In this work the canny edge detection [1986] architecture has been developed using reconfigurable architecture and hardware modeled using a C-like hardware language called Handle-C. The proposed architecture is capable of producing one edge-pixel every clock cycle. The hardware modeled was implemented using the DK2 IDE tool on the RC1000 Xilinx Vertex FPGA based board [M. Newman]. The algorithm was tested on standard image processing benchmarks and significances of the result are discussed.
Fundamentals of Dairy Chemistry (1965)

Fundamentals of dairy chemistry , Fundamentals of dairy chemistry , کتابخانه دیجیتال جندی شاپور اهواز
Mixture of Learning Strategies Underlies Rodent Behavior in Dynamic Foraging (2022)

ABSTRACT In volatile foraging environments, animals need to adapt their learning in accordance with the uncertainty of the environment and knowledge of the hidden structure of the world. In these contexts, previous studies have distinguished between two types of strategies, model-free learning, where reward values are updated locally based on external feedback signals, and inference-based learning, where an internal model of the world is used to make optimal inferences about the current state of the environment. Distinguishing between these strategies during the dynamic foraging behavioral paradigm has been a challenging problem for studies of reward-guided decisions, due to the diversity in behavior of model-free and inference-based agents, as well as the complexities that arise when animals mix between these types of strategies. Here, we developed two solutions that jointly tackle these problems. First, we identified four key behavioral features that together benchmark the switching dynamics of agents in response to a change in reward contingency. We performed computational simulations to systematically measure these features for a large ensemble of model-free and inference-based agents, uncovering an organized structure of behavioral choices where observed behavior can be reliably classified into one of six distinct regimes in the two respective parameter spaces. Second, to address the challenge that arises when animals use multiple strategies within single sessions, we developed a novel state-space method, block Hidden Markov Model (blockHMM), to infer switches in discrete latent states that govern the choice sequences across blocks of trials. Our results revealed a remarkable degree of mixing between different strategies even in expert animals, such that model-free and inference-based learning modes often co-existed within single sessions. Together, these results invite a re-evaluation of the stationarity of behavior during dynamic foraging, provide a comprehensive set of tools to characterize the evolution of learning strategies, and form the basis of understanding neural circuits involved in different modes of behavior within this domain.
Method for Determining Double-Bond Positions in Mixtures of Linear Olefins (2009)

We describe a new method for estimating the positions of double bonds in mixtures of linear olefins longer than octene. The method requires about a gram of olefin and a 5-10 min reaction catalyzed by a homogeneous metathesis catalyst. The carbon number distribution of the product mixture, as determined by gas chromatography, depends upon the distribution of double-bond isomers in the starting mixture. We describe a computer algorithm for using the final carbon number distribution to determine the locations of double bonds in the starting mixture. Examples are based on tetradecenes, hexadecenes, and octadecenes.
Abstract A201: Discovery of TSR-033, a novel, potent anti-human LAG-3 therapeutic antibody (2018)

Abstract Lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3) is an inhibitory receptor expressed on immune cells. Similar to other immune inhibitory receptors such as programmed death-1 (PD-1), LAG-3 ligation suppresses T-cell activation and cytokine production following antigen stimulation. Despite favorable response rates observed with PD-1 or PD-1 ligand blockade in the treatment of human cancers, there remain many patients who either derive little clinical benefit from such therapies (primary resistance) or suffer a relapse (acquired or adaptive immune resistance). LAG-3 has been implicated in tumor extrinsic resistance mechanisms, due in part to its upregulation following PD-1 blockade, suggesting that targeting this pathway in addition to PD-1 may engender stronger and more durable antitumor immune responses. TSR-033 is a potent and selective humanized monoclonal antibody of the IgG4/kappa isotype, generated through the use of a proprietary in vitro somatic hypermutation antibody discovery technology platform. TSR-033 binds to human LAG-3 and blocks the interaction between LAG-3 and its ligand, major histocompatibility complex class II, expressed on Daudi cells. When evaluated for C1q and CD16a binding, TSR-033 displays properties typical of a human IgG4 antibody, suggesting that it is unlikely to mediate appreciable complement-dependent cytotoxicity or antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity. Functionally, TSR-033 enhanced T-cell activation in vitro in both SEB-driven and mixed lymphocyte reaction assays. The combination of TSR-033 with a ligand blocking anti-PD-1 antibody further augmented T-cell activation in both systems, as evidenced by increased cytokine production, relative to each individual reagent. Analogous studies using surrogate anti-mouse antibodies also demonstrated that combined blockade of PD-1 and LAG-3 significantly boosted IFNγ production in an in vitro model of murine CD4 T cell exhaustion. Furthermore, anti-LAG-3 combined with anti-PD-1 improved therapeutic efficacy in mouse syngeneic tumor models, eliciting durable immunologic memory upon tumor rechallenge and altering intratumoral and splenic T-cell populations, consistent with heightened immune activation. Taken together, the pharmacologic activity of TSR-033 demonstrates that it is a potent anti-LAG-3 therapeutic antibody and supports its clinical investigation in cancer patients. Citation Format: Srimoyee Ghosh, Haley Laken, Jon Travers, Sujatha Kamar, H. Toni Jun, Marilyn R. Kehry, David Jenkins. Discovery of TSR-033, a novel, potent anti-human LAG-3 therapeutic antibody [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2017 Oct 26-30; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2018;17(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A201.
DENFIS: dynamic evolving neural-fuzzy inference system and its application for time-series prediction (2002)

This paper introduces a new type of fuzzy inference systems, denoted as dynamic evolving neural-fuzzy inference system (DENFIS), for adaptive online and offline learning, and their application for dynamic time series prediction. DENFIS evolve through incremental, hybrid (supervised/unsupervised), learning, and accommodate new input data, including new features, new classes, etc., through local element tuning. New fuzzy rules are created and updated during the operation of the system. At each time moment, the output of DENFIS is calculated through a fuzzy inference system based on m-most activated fuzzy rules which are dynamically chosen from a fuzzy rule set. Two approaches are proposed: (1) dynamic creation of a first-order Takagi-Sugeno-type fuzzy rule set for a DENFIS online model; and (2) creation of a first-order Takagi-Sugeno-type fuzzy rule set, or an expanded high-order one, for a DENFIS offline model. A set of fuzzy rules can be inserted into DENFIS before or during its learning process. Fuzzy rules can also be extracted during or after the learning process. An evolving clustering method (ECM), which is employed in both online and offline DENFIS models, is also introduced. It is demonstrated that DENFIS can effectively learn complex temporal sequences in an adaptive way and outperform some well-known, existing models.
Open virtualization framework for testing ground systems (2010)

The recent developments in virtualization change completely the panorama of the Hardware/OS deployment. New bottlenecks arise in the deployment of application stacks, where IT industry will spend most of the time to assure automation. VIRTU tool aims at managing, configuring and testing distributed ground applications of space systems on a virtualized environment, based on open tools and cross virtualization support. This tool is a spin-off of previous activities performed by the European Space Operations Center (ESOC) and thus it covers the original needs from the ground data systems infrastructure division of the European Space Agency. VIRTU is a testing oriented solution. Its ability to group several virtual machines in an assembly provides the means to easily deploy a full testing infrastructure, including the client/server relationships.
Severe respiratory disorders in term neonates (2007)

Few prospective population-based studies of respiratory diseases have been conducted in term neonates. We aimed to describe mechanically ventilated respiratory disorders in term neonates and associated risk factors in a regional-based study of livebirths between 37 and 41 weeks. The study was prospective for epidemiological data recording, and retrospective for collecting additional data from charts of neonates with severe (mechanically ventilated) respiratory disorders. A total of 14,813 neonates with gestational age (GA) 37-38 weeks and 50,187 neonates with GA 39-41 weeks were included. The overall incidences (per thousand livebirths) of mechanically ventilated transient tachypnoea of the newborn (TTN) respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) were 0.72 per thousand[95% CI 0.53 per thousand, 0.96 per thousand], 0.38 per thousand[95% CI 0.25 per thousand, 0.57 per thousand] and 0.61 per thousand[95% CI 0.44 per thousand, 0.84 per thousand], respectively. Increasing GA from 37 to 41 weeks was associated with a significant decrease in incidence of RDS and TTN without any significant change for MAS. Multivariable analysis was used to identify independent factors associated with severe respiratory disorders: in the 37-38 weeks group - Apgar score < or =3 at 1 min, elective caesarean section (CS), emergency CS and placental abruption; in the 39-41 weeks group - Apgar score < or =3 at 1 min, elective CS, emergency CS, meconium-stained amniotic fluid and abnormal cardiotocography. Comparing the population attributable risks, the main risk factor of severe respiratory disorders was elective CS in the 37-38 weeks group and meconium-stained amniotic fluid in the 39-41 weeks group.
High‐level conversion of L‐lysine into 5‐aminovalerate that can be used for nylon 6,5 synthesis (2014)

L-Lysine is a potential feedstock for the production of bio-based precursors for engineering plastics. In this study, we developed a microbial process for high-level conversion of L-lysine into 5-aminovalerate (5AVA) that can be used as a monomer in nylon 6,5 synthesis. Recombinant Escherichia coli WL3110 strain expressing Pseudomonas putida delta-aminovaleramidase (DavA) and lysine 2-monooxygenase (DavB) was grown to high density in fed-batch culture and used as a whole cell catalyst. High-density E. coli WL3110 expressing DavAB, grown to an optical density at 600 nm (OD600 ) of 30, yielded 36.51 g/L 5AVA from 60 g/L L-lysine in 24 h. Doubling the cell density of E. coli WL3110 improved the conversion yield to 47.96 g/L 5AVA from 60 g/L of L-lysine in 24 h. 5AVA production was further improved by doubling the L-lysine concentration from 60 to 120 g/L. The highest 5AVA titer (90.59 g/L; molar yield 0.942) was obtained from 120 g/L L-lysine by E. coli WL3110 cells grown to OD600 of 60. Finally, nylon 6,5 was synthesized by bulk polymerization of ϵ-caprolactam and δ-valerolactam prepared from microbially synthesized 5AVA. The hybrid system demonstrated here has promising possibilities for application in the development of industrial bio-nylon production processes.
Physically asymmetric division of the C. elegans zygote ensures invariably successful embryogenesis (2021)

Asymmetric divisions that yield daughter cells of different sizes are frequent during early embryogenesis, but the importance of such a physical difference for successful development remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated this question using the first division of Caenorhabditis elegans embryos, which yields a large AB cell and a small P 1 cell. We equalized AB and P 1 sizes using acute genetic inactivation or optogenetic manipulation of the spindle positioning protein LIN-5. We uncovered that only some embryos tolerated equalization, and that there was a size asymmetry threshold for viability. Cell lineage analysis of equalized embryos revealed an array of defects, including faster cell cycle progression in P 1 descendants, as well as defects in cell positioning, division orientation, and cell fate. Moreover, equalized embryos were more susceptible to external compression. Overall, we conclude that unequal first cleavage is essential for invariably successful embryonic development of C. elegans .
Reduction–oxidation properties of organotransition-metal complexes. Part 19. Carbonylruthenium catecholate and semiquinone complexes (1984)

Tetrachlorobenzene-o-quinone (o-chloranil) and [Ru(CO)2(PPh3)L′](L′=η4-2,3-dimethylbuta-1,3-diene) give the catecholate-bridged dimer [{Ru(CO)2(PPh3)(µ-o-O2C6Cl4)}2](1) which undergoes bridge-cleavage reactions with Group 5 donors, L, and halide ions, X–, yielding the complexes [Ru(CO)2(PPh3)L(o-O2C6Cl4)][2; L = PPh3, AsPh3, P(OPh)3, or pyridine] and [RuX(CO)2(PPh3)-(o-O2C6Cl4)]–(3; X = Cl, Br, or I), respectively. Cyclic voltammetry at a platinum electrode shows that compounds (2) and (3) undergo two one-electron oxidations; chemical oxidation of (2), with AgPF6 or [NO][PF6], and of (3), with [Fe(η-C5H5)2][PF6], yields [Ru(CO)2(PPh3)L(o-O2C6Cl4)]-[PF6][4; L = PPh3, AsPh3, P(OPh)3, or pyridine] and [RuX(CO)2(PPh3)(o-O2C6Cl4)](5; X = Cl, Br, or I), respectively. Complex (5; X = Br or I) may also be prepared directly from (1) and bromine or iodine. E.s.r. spectroscopy suggests that (4) and (5) are semiquinone complexes of ruthenium(II) and, therefore, that the oxidation of (2) and (3) is largely associated with the chelating ligand. However, the hyperfine coupling observed shows the unpaired electron density to be partially delocalised over the metal and axial ligands.
Matrix propagator method for layered porous media: Analytical expressions and stability criteria (2004)

Abstract We fully expand the Thomson-Haskell propagator matrix method to obtain closed-form analytical expressions for the reflectivity and transmittivity of a horizontally stratified poroelastic Biot-type medium that is bounded from above and below by fluid half-spaces. Stable and unstable regions of the propagator matrix method are determined by means of comparison with the inherently stable reflectivity method. It was found that the stability is mainly determined by the imaginary part of the vertical wavenumber of the Biot slow wave.
THERMOCHROMIC POLYMER MATERIALS (2011)

Thermochromic polymers will play an extremely important role in the next future. The physical background of thermochromism and the state of development of thermochromic polymers based on light absorption effects are reported. In detail, the interactions between the polymer matrix and the thermochromic composite - composed of leuco or indicator dyes - are discussed on a molecular level. Thermochromic hydrogels with extremely high transparency, an outstanding switching behavior from colorless to colored or between different colors is presented. Preparation of thermosetting and thermoplastic polymers, including the resulting optical, and, for the first time, the mechanical properties are discussed in relation to matrix tuned high-resistant microcapsules.
VCSELs with enhanced single-mode power and stabilized polarization for oxygen sensing (2005)

Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) with a single-mode single-polarization emission at a wavelength of approximately 763 nm have become attractive for oxygen sensing. Up to now, VCSELs used for this application are single-mode because of a small active diameter which correspondingly leads to small optical output power. Employing the surface relief technique and in particular the surface grating relief technique, we have increased the single-mode output to more than 2.5 mW averaged over a large device quantity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest single-mode power ever reported for VCSELs in this wavelength range. Through the grating relief simultaneously, we were able to stabilize the light polarization.