gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Responses of Hyperglycemic Dividing Mesangial Cells to Heparin Are Mediated by the Non-reducing Terminal Trisaccharide (2015)

Our previous studies showed: (i) that growth-arrested G0/G1 rat mesangial cells stimulated to divide in hyperglycemic medium initiate intracellular hyaluronan synthesis that induces autophagy and the cyclin D3-induced formation of a monocyte-adhesive extracellular hyaluronan matrix after completing cell division; and (ii) that heparin inhibits the intracellular hyaluronan and autophagy responses, but after completing division, induces hyaluronan synthesis at the plasma membrane with the formation of a larger monocyte-adhesive hyaluronan matrix. This study shows: (i) that the non-terminal trisaccharide of heparin is sufficient to initiate the same responses as intact heparin, (ii) that a fully sulfated tetrasaccharide isolated from bacterial heparin lyase 1 digests of heparin that contains a Δ-2S-iduronate on the non-reducing end does not initiate the same responses as intact heparin, and (iii) that removal of the Δ-2S-iduronate to expose the fully sulfated trisaccharide (GlcNS(6S)-IdoUA(2S)-GlcNS(6S)) does initiate the same responses as intact heparin. These results provide evidence that mammalian heparanase digestion of heparin and heparan sulfate exposes a cryptic motif on the non-reducing termini that is recognized by a receptor on dividing cells.
Methodes markoviennes en estimation spectrale non parametrique. Applications en imagerie radar doppler (2000)

Nous etudions le probleme de l'estimation spectrale dans la situation defavorable ou tres peu de donnees sont disponibles, et nous l'abordons sous l'angle de la synthese de fourier. Dans ce cadre, l'estimation spectrale s'identifie a un probleme inverse lineaire sous-determine. Il convient de la regulariser sur la base d'informations a priori portant sur la forme du spectre, en definissant un critere compose d'une fonction de penalisation et d'un terme d'attache aux donnees. Le minimiseur global de ce critere definit le spectre solution. Cette fonction de penalisation est associee specifiquement a chaque forme spectrale ; sont etudies les spectres impulsionnels, reguliers, et melanges, ou un fond continu se superpose a un spectre de raies. L'accent est mis sur la construction de fonctions de penalisation convexes d'une part, car elles garantissent le caractere bien pose du probleme regularise et facilitent le calcul de la solution, et circulaires d'autre part, i. E. , qui ne dependent que des modules des coefficients de fourier recherches. De plus, nous retenons une fonction separable pour estimer des raies, un terme markovien pour le cas regulier et une energie composite pour le cas melange. Le choix d'une penalisation convexe nous amene pour les cas regulier et melange, a considerer une fonction non differentiable en zero. Le recours a une strategie de non differentiabilite graduelle permet d'obtenir une solution a faible cout calculatoire. Sur le plan algorithmique, la methode irls s'avere la plus efficace mais ne s'applique qu'a l'estimation de raies. Nous proposons donc des generalisations aux autres cas reposant sur l'interpretation semi-quadratique augmentee de la penalisation. La methode de relaxation par blocs resultante est convergente et competitive avec un algorithme de gradient pseudo-conjugue. Enfin, l'interet et l'efficacite des methodes developpees sont illustres sur signaux synthetiques et reels dans le cadre de l'imagerie radar doppler.
Stealth Properties to Improve Therapeutic Efficacy of Drug Nanocarriers (2013)

Over the last few decades, nanocarriers for drug delivery have emerged as powerful tools with unquestionable potential to improve the therapeutic efficacy of anticancer drugs. Many colloidal drug delivery systems are underdevelopment to ameliorate the site specificity of drug action and reduce the systemic side effects. By virtue of their small size they can be injected intravenously and disposed into the target tissues where they release the drug. Nanocarriers interact massively with the surrounding environment, namely, endothelium vessels as well as cells and blood proteins. Consequently, they are rapidly removed from the circulation mostly by the mononuclear phagocyte system. In order to endow nanosystems with long circulation properties, new technologies aimed at the surface modification of their physicochemical features have been developed. In particular, stealth nanocarriers can be obtained by polymeric coating. In this paper, the basic concept underlining the "stealth" properties of drug nanocarriers, the parameters influencing the polymer coating performance in terms of opsonins/macrophages interaction with the colloid surface, the most commonly used materials for the coating process and the outcomes of this peculiar procedure are thoroughly discussed.
Synergistic Hydrolysis of Crude Corn Starch by α‐Amylases and Glucoamylases of Various Origins (2001)

ABSTRACT Four α‐amylases and two glucoamylases from various sources, in eight combinations, were used to study the synergistic hydrolysis of crude corn starch at various temperatures. At 40 and 50°C, the combinations containing Rhizopus mold glucoamylase enhanced hydrolysis of corn starch compared wth that obtained with the combinations from Aspergillus niger . At 60°C, Rhizopus mold combinations gave low reaction yields as the enzyme was inactivated. The differences observed between α‐amylases are smaller, with the exception of Bacillus licheniformis α‐amylase, which presented more than twice the productivity of the other α‐amylases, at all temperatures. In terms of substrate conversion at 5 hr of hydrolysis, the combination of B. licheniformis α‐amylase with Rhizopus mold glucoamylase at 50°C presents 76% substrate conversion, whereas, with all the other combinations, starch conversion was 13–73%. HPLC analysis of the reaction products obtained at 50°C showed that the main product of corn starch hydrolysis was glucose at 85–100%. Further experiments showed that A. niger glucoamylase and B. licheniformis α‐amylase were the only enzymes that retained their initial activity after incubation at the temperatures studied.
ChemInform Abstract: A GENERAL SYNTHESIS OF 2‐PHENYLSELENENYLENONES. THE REACTION OF UNSATURATED KETONES WITH A PHENYLSELENENYL CHLORIDE/PYRIDINE COMPLEX (1980)

Abstract Mit Hilfe eines aus Pyridin und Phenylselenylchlorid (II) erhaltenen Komplexes werden α,β‐ungesättigte Ketone und Aldehyde (I) und (IV) in die Selenenylenone (III) und (V) umgewandelt.
138 Mechanisms of Virus Clearance From the Nervous System (2012)

Viruses that cause encephalomyelitis infect neurons of the brain and spinal cord. Immune-mediated clearance of virus from these long-lived irreplaceable cells requires a noncytolytic process if the host is to recover. We have used a mouse model of alphavirus encephalomyelitis to characterize this recovery process. Clearance occurs in 3 phases: infectious virus is cleared within 7–8 days, viral RNA persists and is slowly cleared over the next 30–60 days, and then viral RNA is maintained at low levels for years. The immune effectors are induced in the deep cervical lymph nodes and migrate to the brain. Independent contributions are made to the processes of clearance and prevention of reactivation by IgM and IgG-secreting B cells and by interferon-γ-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.
Loss of Multidrug Resistance Protein 1 Expression and Folate Efflux Activity Results in a Highly Concentrative Folate Transport in Human Leukemia Cells (2003)

We studied the molecular basis of the up to 46-fold increased accumulation of folates and methotrexate (MTX) in human leukemia CEM-7A cells established by gradual deprivation of leucovorin (LCV). CEM-7A cells consequently exhibited 10- and 68-fold decreased LCV and folic acid growth requirements and 23-25-fold hypersensitivity to MTX and edatrexate. Although CEM-7A cells displayed a 74-86-fold increase in the reduced folate carrier (RFC)-mediated influx of LCV and MTX, RFC overexpression per se cannot induce a prominently increased folate/MTX accumulation because RFC functions as a nonconcentrative anion exchanger. We therefore explored the possibility that folate efflux activity mediated by members of the multidrug resistance protein (MRP) family was impaired in CEM-7A cells. Parental CEM cells expressed substantial levels of MRP1, MRP4, poor MRP5 levels, whereas MRP2, MRP3 and breast cancer resistance protein were undetectable. In contrast, CEM-7A cells lost 95% of MRP1 levels while retaining parental expression of MRP4 and MRP5. Consequently, CEM-7A cells displayed a 5-fold decrease in the [(3)H]folic acid efflux rate constant, which was identical to that obtained with parental CEM cells, when their folic acid efflux was blocked (78%) with probenecid. Furthermore, when compared with parental CEM, CEM-7A cells accumulated 2-fold more calcein fluorescence. Treatment of parental cells with the MRP1 efflux inhibitors MK571 and probenecid resulted in a 60-100% increase in calcein fluorescence. In contrast, these inhibitors failed to alter the calcein fluorescence in CEM-7A cells, which markedly lost MRP1 expression. Replenishment of LCV in the growth medium of CEM-7A cells resulted in resumption of normal MRP1 expression. These results establish for the first time that MRP1 is the primary folate efflux route in CEM leukemia cells and that the loss of folate efflux activity is an efficient means of markedly augmenting cellular folate pools. These findings suggest a functional role for MRP1 in the maintenance of cellular folate homeostasis.
Stringent requirement for electrophiles in the facile solvolytic hydrolysis of neutral sulfate ester salts (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStringent requirement for electrophiles in the facile solvolytic hydrolysis of neutral sulfate ester saltsMayer B. Goren and Mary E. KochanskyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1973, 38, 20, 3510–3513Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1973https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00960a016RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views296Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (580 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Hadamard single-pixel imaging versus Fourier single-pixel imaging (2017)

Single-pixel imaging which employs active illumination to acquire spatial information is an innovative imaging scheme and has received increasing attentions in recent years. It is applicable to imaging at non-visible wavelengths and imaging under low light conditions. However, single-pixel imaging has once encountered problems of low reconstruction quality and long data-acquisition time. Hadamard single-pixel imaging (HSI) and Fourier single-pixel imaging (FSI) are two representative deterministic model based techniques. Both techniques are able to achieve high-quality and efficient imaging, remarkably improving the applicability of single-pixel imaging scheme. In this paper, we compare the performances of HSI and FSI with theoretical analysis and experiments. The results show that FSI is more efficient than HSI while HSI is more noise-robust than FSI. Our work may provide a guideline for researchers to choose suitable single-pixel imaging technique for their applications.
Disruption of the Autophagy-Lysosome Pathway Is Involved in Neuropathology of the nclf Mouse Model of Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis (2012)

Variant late-infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, a fatal lysosomal storage disorder accompanied by regional atrophy and pronounced neuron loss in the brain, is caused by mutations in the CLN6 gene. CLN6 is a non-glycosylated endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident membrane protein of unknown function. To investigate mechanisms contributing to neurodegeneration in CLN6 disease we examined the nclf mouse, a naturally occurring model of the human CLN6 disease. Prominent autofluorescent and electron-dense lysosomal storage material was found in cerebellar Purkinje cells, thalamus, hippocampus, olfactory bulb and in cortical layer II to V. Another prominent early feature of nclf pathogenesis was the localized astrocytosis that was evident in many brain regions and the more widespread microgliosis. Expression analysis of mutant Cln6 found in nclf mice demonstrated synthesis of a truncated protein with a reduced half-life. Whereas the rapid degradation of the mutant Cln6 protein can be inhibited by proteasomal inhibitors, there was no evidence for ER stress or activation of the unfolded protein response in various brain areas during postnatal development. Age-dependent increases in LC3-II, ubiquitinated proteins, and neuronal p62-positive aggregates were observed, indicating a disruption of the autophagy-lysosome degradation pathway of proteins in brains of nclf mice, most likely due to defective fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes. These data suggest that proteasomal degradation of mutant Cln6 is sufficient to prevent the accumulation of misfolded Cln6 protein, whereas lysosomal dysfunction impairs constitutive autophagy promoting neurodegeneration.
Preface (1994)

De uiterlijke eigenheden der zee, de kleuren en de verschillende golfvormen en de wijze waarop de grote baren omslaan, kokend aanbruisen, schuim-betijgerd uitzwalpen en zich terugslepen van 't vlakke zand – die herdacht zij en minde zij zoals een minnaar de trekken en gebaren van zijn geliefde herdenkt en mint.Frederik van Eeden, Van de koele meren des doods, 1900
Crowdsourcing Translation: Professional Quality from Non-Professionals (2011)

Naively collecting translations by crowdsourcing the task to non-professional translators yields disfluent, low-quality results if no quality control is exercised. We demonstrate a variety of mechanisms that increase the translation quality to near professional levels. Specifically, we solicit redundant translations and edits to them, and automatically select the best output among them. We propose a set of features that model both the translations and the translators, such as country of residence, LM perplexity of the translation, edit rate from the other translations, and (optionally) calibration against professional translators. Using these features to score the collected translations, we are able to discriminate between acceptable and unacceptable translations. We recreate the NIST 2009 Urdu-to-English evaluation set with Mechanical Turk, and quantitatively show that our models are able to select translations within the range of quality that we expect from professional translators. The total cost is more than an order of magnitude lower than professional translation. 1
Scheduling of Multicast and Unicast Services under Limited Feedback by using Rateless Codes (2014)

Many opportunistic scheduling techniques are impractical because they require accurate channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter. In this paper, we investigate the scheduling of unicast and multicast services in a downlink network with a very limited amount of feedback information. Specifically, unicast users send imperfect (or no) CSI and infrequent acknowledgements (ACKs) to a base station, and multicast users only report infrequent ACKs to avoid feedback implosion. We consider the use of physical-layer rateless codes, which not only combats channel uncertainty, but also reduces the overhead of ACK feedback. A joint scheduling and power allocation scheme is developed to realize multiuser diversity gain for unicast service and multicast gain for multicast service. We prove that our scheme achieves a near-optimal throughput region. Our simulation results show that our scheme significantly improves the network throughput over schemes employing fixed-rate codes or using only unicast communications.
Recent advances in underwater acoustic communications &#x00026; networking (2008)

The past three decades have seen a growing interest in underwater acoustic communications. Continued research over the years has resulted in improved performance and robustness as compared to the initial communication systems. Research has expanded from pointtopoint communications to include underwater networks as well. A series of review papers provide an excellent history of the development of the field until the end of the last decade. In this paper, we aim to provide an overview of the key developments, both theoretical and applied, in the field in the past two decades. We also hope to provide an insight into some of the open problems and challenges facing researchers in this field in the near future.
SEVERE COVID-19 IS MARKED BY DYSREGULATED SERUM LEVELS OF CARBOXYPEPTIDASE A3 AND SEROTONIN (2021)

Abstract The immune response plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection ranging from protection to tissue damage. This is observed in the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome when elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines are detected. Several cells of the immune response are implied in this dysregulated immune response including innate immune cells and T and B cell lymphocytes. Mast cells are abundant resident cells of the respiratory tract, able to rapidly release different inflammatory mediators following stimulation. Recently, mast cells have been associated with tissue damage during viral infections, but little is known about their role in SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this study we examined the profile of mast cell activation markers in the serum of COVID-19 patients. We noticed that SARS-CoV-2 infected patients showed increased carboxypeptidase A3 (CPA3), and decreased serotonin levels in their serum. CPA3 levels correlated with C-reactive protein, the number of circulating neutrophils and quick SOFA. CPA3 in serum was a good biomarker for identifying severe COVID-19 patients, while serotonin was a good predictor of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In summary, our results show that serum CPA3 and serotonin levels are relevant biomarkers during SARS-CoV-2 infection, suggesting that mast cells are relevant players in the inflammatory response in COVID-19, might represent targets for therapeutic intervention.
[Inhibitory effect of histamine-added mouse gamma-globulin on eosinophil accumulation induced by allergen in BALB/c mice]. (1995)

Histamine-added human gamma-globulin (HG) has been clinically used as an anti-allergic drug for asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis. Retrospective analysis of clinical data have indicated that s.c. administration with HG not only improves clinical symptoms but also suppresses the number of eosinophils of nasal secretion or peripheral blood in allergic patients. Thus, the possibility was explored that HG may actively suppress eosinophil accumulation in allergic inflammation. The eosinophil accumulation in peritoneal cavity was induced by i.p. injection with ragweed pollen extract in BALB/c mice which had been repeatedly sensitized with the allergen for three weeks. Histamine-added mouse gamma-globulin (Mouse HG) at 150 mg/kg/day markedly inhibited the allergen-induced eosinophil accumulation when administered s.c. two times a week for three weeks. The inhibitory effect was almost the same as that of cyclosporin A at 100 mg/kg/day. Interestingly, equivalent dose of histamine or mouse gamma-globulin alone had no inhibitory effect in the same system. These results suggest that HG suppresses chronic allergic inflammation through the inhibition of eosinophil accumulation.
Comprehensive analysis of the human ESCRT-III-MIT domain interactome reveals new cofactors for cytokinetic abscission (2022)

Abstract The 12 related human ESCRT-III proteins form filaments that constrict membranes and mediate fission, including during cytokinetic abscission. The C-terminal tails of polymerized ESCRT-III subunits also bind proteins that contain Microtubule-Interacting and Trafficking (MIT) domains. MIT domains can interact with ESCRT-III tails in many different ways to create a complex binding code that recruits essential cofactors to sites of ESCRT activity. Here, we have comprehensively and quantitatively mapped the interactions between all known ESCRT-III tails and 19 pure recombinant human MIT domains. We measured 228 pairwise interactions, quantified 58 positive interactions, and discovered 16 previously unreported interactions. We also report the crystal structure of the SPASTIN MIT domain in complex with the IST1 C-terminal tail. Three MIT enzymes were studied in detail and shown to: 1) localize to cytokinetic midbody membrane bridges through interactions with their specific ESCRT-III binding partners (SPASTIN-IST1, KATNA1-CHMP3, and CAPN7-IST1), 2) function in abscission (SPASTIN, KATNA1, and CAPN7), and 3) function in the “NoCut” abscission checkpoint (SPASTIN and CAPN7). Our studies define the human MIT-ESCRT-III interactome, identify new factors and activities required for cytokinetic abscission and its regulation, and provide a platform for analyzing ESCRT-III and MIT cofactor interactions in all ESCRT-mediated processes.
STUDIES OF CONTINUOUS SPECTRA OF FAST NEUTRONS AND $gamma$ QUANTA BY MEANS OF COUNTING EFFICIENCY (1963)

Delete 16438 17:016439The fundamental principles of absolute activity measurement of some beta-gamma sources using a basic modification of the coincidence method are described; general conditions for the use of this method are determined; and an analysis of random and systematic errors are given. Besides the description of auxiliary measurements, some examples of results of absolute Au/sup 198/ activity measurement are reported. An original method of detection efficiency determination of an end-window beta counter to gamma radiation was derived and is appended. (auth)
Koch‐Haaf carboxylations. Part III. Exchange phenomena during Koch‐Haaf carboxylations in sulfuric acid‐d2 (1974)

Abstract It is shown that during the Koch‐Haaf carboxylation of 3‐ and 4‐methylcyclohexanols the isomerisation of the intermediate secondary carbenium ion to the tertiary 1‐methylcyclohexyl cation proceeds via a succession of 1,2‐hydride shifts. By using D 2 SO 4 as the reaction medium the latter cation is shown to be in rapid interconversion with 1‐methylcyclohexene and methylenecyclohexane. The intermediacy of alkenes in some other Koch‐Haaf carboxylations is demonstrated. On the basis of H/D exchange of some carboxylic acids in D 2 SO 4 HCOOH, the reversibility of the Koch reaction under different reaction conditions is discussed.