gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Levels of enzymes involved in the synthesis of acetate from CO2 in Clostridium thermoautotrophicum (1982)

The acetogenic bacterium Clostridium thermoautotrophicum, grown on methanol, glucose, or CO2-H2, contained high levels of corrinoids, formate dehydrogenase, tetrahydrofolate enzymes, carbon monoxide dehydrogenase, and hydrogenase. Cell-free extracts catalyzed pyruvate-dependent formation of acetate from methyltetrahydrofolate. These results suggest that C. thermoautotrophicum synthesizes acetate from CO2 via a formate-tetrahydrofolate-corrinoid pathway.
OpenStreetMap (2012)

OpenStreetMap is a collaborative web-mapping project that collects geospatial data to create and distribute online maps, freely available to anyone with an Internet connection. Once accessed, OpenStreetMap allows Internet users to contribute and edit geospatial data, effectively making it the mapping equivalent of Wikipedia. OpenStreetMap is maintained by volunteer cartographers from around the world who use GPS devices, portable cameras, and laptops for field mapping. Collected data are complemented with digitised open source aerial photography and free maps from the governmental and commercial sources. This report provides a summary of OpenStreetMap as a remarkable example of participatory geographic information systems (GIS).
Ubiquitous Crossmodal Stochastic Resonance in Humans: Auditory Noise Facilitates Tactile, Visual and Proprioceptive Sensations (2008)

We conclude that crossmodal SR is a ubiquitous phenomenon in humans that can be interpreted within an energy and frequency model of multisensory neurons spontaneous activity. Initially the energy and frequency content of the multisensory neurons' activity (supplied by the weak signals) is not enough to be detected but when the auditory noise enters the brain, it generates a general activation among multisensory neurons of different regions, modifying their original activity. The result is an integrated activation that promotes sensitivity transitions and the signals are then perceived. A physiologically plausible model for crossmodal stochastic resonance is presented.
Development of an UV-Vis Spectrophotometric Method for Accurate Determination of Aqueous Sulphides in Exotic Scale Studies (2018)

Abstract An analytical technique was developed to directly determine the concentration of aqueous sulphide in exotic scale studies. The technique is based on measuring the absorbance of sulphide samples in a copper reagent using an ultra-violet visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer. Calibration curves, generated using stock sodium sulphide solutions, were compared and validated against earlier reports in the literature. The instantaneous reaction of a stirred (1000 rpm) sulphide solution and a copper reagent produces copper sulphide nano-particles, which turn the solution colour from light blue to brown. Increasing concentrations of sulphides give more intense shades of brown, resulting in increased absorbance values when analyzed by UV-VIS at a wavelength of λ = 480 nm. The absorbance readings are proportional to the sulphide concentrations in the samples, thus generating a calibration curve. The repeatability of these absorbance measurements has an average standard deviation of 1.9% and a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9998 over a range of 7-386 mg/L sulphide species in synthetic brines. The determination of sulphide concentrations from absorbance readings using a 2nd order polynomial equation reveals average variations of ±1.2 and ±9.67 mg/L over the ranges of 7-70 and 105-386 mg/L, respectively. Furthermore, this technique was able to determine excess sulphide concentrations in solutions containing sulphide scale particles, as long as only clear filtered samples were analyzed. An alternative copper chloride reagent was used to prevent the formation of sulphate scale when barium or strontium ions were present in the brine being examined. Comparing the results from the new detection method against the currently used technique reveals higher accuracy and practicality for the straightforward UV-VIS technique over the ICP analysis of quenched solutions. The new detection method allowed for the determination of any oxidative effects on the sulphide solutions, which is not identifiable using ICP.
A Comprehensive Standardized Model for Ultrawideband Propagation Channels (2006)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> A comprehensive statistical model is described for ultrawideband (UWB) propagation channels that is valid for a frequency range from 3–10 GHz. It is based on measurements and simulations in the following environments: residential indoor, office indoor, builtup outdoor, industrial indoor, farm environments, and body area networks. The model is independent of the used antennas. It includes the frequency dependence of the path gain as well as several generalizations of the Saleh–Valenzuela model, like mixed Poisson times of arrival and delay-dependent cluster decay constants. A separate model is specified for the frequency range below 1 GHz. The model can thus be used for realistic performance assessment of UWB systems. It was accepted by the IEEE 802.15.4a Task Group as standard model for evaluation of UWB system proposals. This paper also presents a critical assessment of the applicability of the model and possible generalizations and improvements. </para>
Transient effects in superconducting thin films illuminated by a picosecond-pulse laser (1981)

For our initial experiments, the system chosen was a thin narrow strip of pure tin 8.5 mm long, 20 μm wide, and 0.100 μm thick prepared by vacuum evaporation and a lift-off technique on a polished sapphire substrate. The sample was incorporated in a strip line configuration biased with a constant dc source (typically a few milliamperes) and immersed in a temperature-controlled liquid He bath.
Paperity Central: An Open Catalog of All Scholarly Literature (2016)

The goal of this project is to build Paperity Central, a global universal catalog of Open Access (OA) literature -"gold" and "green" combined -that will ultimately include 100% of past and new open literature, and subsequently -with the advent of universal OA -will become a catalog of all scholarly literature published anywhere in the world.Paperity Central will combine automatic indexing of journals and repositories, with manual data curation via a "wiki"-type functionality; will expose open APIs for programmatic access to data and development of add-on services and applications; and will greatly facilitate the discovery and navigation in OA literature, as well as dissemination of new research.The catalog will be built by extending an existing prototype, Paperity -an aggregator of gold & hybrid OA journals -with three key features:1) The aggregation of green OA literature from repositories."Green" metadata will be seamlessly merged with "gold", in a systematic and consistent way: with deduplication of repeated entries, assignment of globally unique permanent identifiers, reconnecting every item with its primary source of origin (e.g., a journal) and establishing semantic links with related objects: author profiles,
Molecular diagnosis of an infant with TSC2/PKD1 contiguous gene syndrome (2020)

A 1-month-old Japanese infant with cardiac rhabdomyoma was diagnosed with <i>TSC2</i>/<i>PKD1</i> contiguous gene syndrome by targeted panel sequencing with subsequent quantitative polymerase chain reaction that revealed gross monoallelic deletion, including parts of two genes: exons 19-42 of <i>TSC2</i> and exons 2-46 of <i>PKD1</i>. Early molecular diagnosis can help to detect bilateral renal cyst formation and multidisciplinary follow-up of this multisystem disease.
Digital correlation of ion and optical microscopic images: application to the study of thyroglobulin chemical modification. (1990)

A method has been developed in order to digitally correlate ion and optical microscopic images of the same sample areas. Serial cross-sections of human thyroid tissue were analyzed by secondary ion mass microscopy and by light microscopy. The resulting chemical and immunochemical map images were superimposed and correlated by means of a two-pass registration algorithm which allows to correct for geometrical distortions introduced by the ion microscope. Results are presented for the study of thyroglobulin chemical modification in pathological thyroid tissue that demonstrates heterogeneous molecular activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Kaempulchraols I—O: New Isopimarane Diterpenoids from Kaempferia pulchra rhizomes Collected in Myanmar and Their Antiproliferative Activity. (2015)

Abstract The isolation and structure elucidation of kaempulchraols I (Ia), J (Ib), K (IIa), L (IIb), M (III), N (IVa), and O (IVb) is described.
Turnover of the extracellular polymeric matrix in an EBPR microbial community (2022)

Abstract Polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) are responsible for enhanced biological phosphate removal (EBPR) from wastewater, where they grow embedded in a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). EPS comprise a mixture of biopolymers like polysaccharides or (glyco)proteins. Despite previous studies, little is known about the dynamics of EPS in mixed cultures, and their production by PAOs and potential consumption by flanking microbes. EPS are biodegradable and have been suggested to be a substrate for other organisms in the community. Studying EPS turnover can help elucidate their biosynthesis and biodegradation cycles. We analyzed the turnover of proteins and polysaccharides in the EPS of an enrichment culture of PAOs relative to the turnover of internal proteins. An anaerobic-aerobic sequencing batch reactor (SBR) simulating EBPR conditions was operated to enrich for PAOs. After achieving a stable culture, carbon source was switched to uniformly 13 C-labelled acetate. Samples were collected at the end of each aerobic phase. EPS were extracted by alkaline treatment. 13 C enrichment in proteins and sugars (after hydrolysis of polysaccharides) in the extracted EPS were measured by mass spectrometry. The average turnover rate of sugars and proteins (0.167 and 0.192 d -1 respectively) was higher than the expected value based on the solid removal rate (0.132 d -1 ), and no significant difference was observed between intracellular and secreted proteins. This indicates that EPS from the PAO enriched community is not selectively degraded by flanking populations under stable EBPR process conditions. Instead, we observed general decay of biomass, which corresponds to a value of 0.048 d -1 . Graphical abstract Key points - Proteins showed a higher turnover rate than carbohydrates. - Turnover of EPS was similar to the turnover of intracellular proteins. - EPS is not preferentially consumed by flanking populations.
Effects of in Vivo and in Vitro Administration of Prostaglandin F2α on Lipoprotein Utilization in Cultured Bovine Luteal Cells1 (1988)

Two experiments were conducted to determine if a loss in the ability to utilize lipoprotein-cholesterol is one mechanism whereby prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) decreases steroidogenesis in bovine luteal cells. In the first experiment, serum-free cultures of bovine luteal cells were treated with PGF2 alpha (100 ng/ml) for 5 days prior to addition of lipoproteins. Exposure to PGF2 alpha completely suppressed low-density lipoprotein (LDL)- and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-stimulated progesterone production (p less than 0.01) compared to control (no PGF2 alpha) cultures. Luteal cells cultured in the presence of LDL + luteinizing hormone (LH, 10 ng/ml) + PGF2 alpha produced significantly less progesterone than luteal cells cultured with LDL + LH (p less than 0.05). Treatment with PGF2 alpha had no significant effect on HDL + LH-stimulated progesterone synthesis. In the second experiment, cows were injected with a luteolytic dose of PGF2 alpha (25 mg), and the corpora lutea were removed at 0 (no PG), 1, 4, or 12 h post-injection. Dissociated luteal cells were placed in culture for 7 days, either with or without LH (10 ng/ml), and lipoproteins were added on Days 5-7. LH stimulation of progesterone production was apparent in cultures obtained at 0 and 12 (p less than 0.05) but not 1 and 4 h post-PGF2 alpha. Addition of either LDL or HDL increased progesterone synthesis in all cultures, regardless of time following in vivo administration of PGF2 alpha. It is concluded that PGF2 alpha can inhibit bovine luteal cell utilization of either LDL or HDL in vitro. However, luteal cell utilization of lipoproteins in vitro is not adversely affected by in vivo exposure to PGF2 alpha, if collected within 12 h post-PGF2 alpha.
Enhanced Injector Dead Time Compensation by Current Feedback (2016)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The constant motivation for lower fuel consumption and emission levels has always been in the minds of most auto makers. Therefore, it is important to have precise control of the fuel being delivered into the engine.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Gasoline Port fuel injection has been a matured system for many years and cars sold in emerging markets still favor such system due to its less system complexity and cost.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper will explain injection control strategy of today during development, and especially the injector dead-time compensation strategy in detail and how further improvements could still be made. The injector current profile behavior will be discussed, and with the use of minimum hardware electronics, this paper will show the way for a new compensation strategy to be adopted. In conclusion, this compensation strategy would show how fuel mass could be accurately delivered into the cylinder, in-spite of actuator parameters (resistance/inductance) change with temperature and actuator positive terminal voltage fluctuation in the field. In other words, this helps to address production variation of injectors and their subsequent aging effect.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The product of TLE8888, Infineon U-chip, used as injector driver will be used to support the discussion in this paper.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Phase Behavior, Densities, and Isothermal Compressibility of CO2 + γ-Valerolactone Systems in Various Phase Regions (2008)

The phase behavior of CO2 and γ-valerolactone (GVL) has been measured using a high-pressure variable-volume view cell and a fiber optic reflectometer. The density of the binary mixture has also been measured, and the isothermal compressibility (KT) of the binary mixture was calculated from the density of the binary mixture. The phase transition points, bubble point, dew point, and critical point, have been measured on the range of GVL mole fraction from 0.01 to 0.15 and temperatures from (308.2 to 550.2) K. The density of the mixture is sensitive to the pressure near the critical point of the mixtures, and KT is also sensitive to the pressure when the pressure is close to the phase transition point, especially close to the critical point. When the pressure is much higher than the phase separation pressure or the composition is far from the critical composition, KT is very small and the effect of pressure on KT is very limited. The phase boundary data of the binary mixture can be correlated well by the Peng−Robinson equation of state (PR EOS) with two interaction parameters.
Wideband Sensing and Optimization for Cognitive Radio Networks with Noise Variance Uncertainty (2014)

This paper considers wide-band spectrum sensing and optimization for cognitive radio (CR) networks with noise variance uncertainty. It is assumed that the considered wide-band contains one or more white sub-bands. Under this assumption, we consider throughput maximization of the CR network while appropriately protecting the primary network. We address this problem as follows. First, we propose novel ratio based test statistics for detecting the edges of each sub-band. Second, we employ simple energy comparison approach to choose one reference white sub-band. Third, we propose novel generalized energy detector (GED) for examining each of the remaining sub-bands by exploiting the noise information of the reference white sub-band. Finally, we optimize the sensing time ($T_o$) to maximize the CR network throughput using the detection and false alarm probabilities of the GED. The proposed GED does not suffer from signal to noise ratio (SNR) wall and outperforms the existing signal detectors. Moreover, the relationship between the proposed GED and conventional energy detector (CED) is quantified analytically. We show that the optimal $T_o$ depends on the noise variance information. In particular, with $10$TV bands, SNR=$-20$dB and $2$s frame duration, we found that the optimal $T_o$ is $28.5$ms ($50.6$ms) with perfect (imperfect) noise variance scenario.
SAW transmission across wedge-like contacts in composite substrates (2016)

Transmission of a harmonic SAW across the interface between two elastically anisotropic 90°-wedges is studied using FEM in frequency domain. The wedges are in contact along a pair of their faces. The contact is either perfectly rigid or perfectly sliding. The structures under modelling are constructed of LiNbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> , Si and GaAs. It is assumed that the SAW is always incident from LiNbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> . The transmission coefficient is computed and analyzed as a function of the angle of incidence, the combination of materials and the orientation of LiNbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> , as well as of the height of the step at the interface between the two parts of the substrate.
(2'-5') Oligo A synthetase in human polymorphonuclear cells increased activity in interferon treatment and in viral infections. (1984)

The interferon (IFN)-induced enzyme 2-5A synthetase was found in human peripheral blood polymorphonuclear cells (PMNL). The average enzyme activity in a group of 15 patients with various viral infections was significantly higher (25-fold) than in healthy individuals. Eight patients with multiple sclerosis and six patients with bacterial infections were found to have normal 2-5A synthetase levels in the PMNL. Relationship of PMNL 2-5A synthetase levels to IFN was confirmed by finding enzyme increases in PMNL incubated in vitro with IFN, as well as in patients undergoing IFN therapy. These findings suggest that in PMNL, as in other cells, the level of 2-5A synthetase can be regulated by IFN and can be increased as a result of IFN information in diseases.
Selective Stimulation of VEGFR2 Accelerates Progressive Renal Disease (2011)

) can play both beneficial and deleterious roles in renal diseases, where its specific function might be determined by nitric oxide bioavailability. The complexity of VEGF-A in renal disease could in part be accounted for by the distinct roles of its two receptors; VEGFR1 is involved in the inflammatory responses, whereas VEGFR2 predominantly mediates angiogenesis. Because nondiabetic chronic renal disease is associated with capillary loss, we hypothesized that selective stimulation of VEGFR2 could be beneficial in this setting. However, VEGFR2 activation may be deleterious in the presence of nitric oxide deficiency. We systematically overexpressed a mutant form of VEGF-A binding only VEGFR2 (Flk-sel) using an adeno-associated virus-1 vector in wild-type and eNOS knockout mice and then induced renal injury by uninephrectomy. Flksel treatment increased angiogenesis and lowered blood pressure in both mouse types. Flk-sel overexpression caused mesangial injury with increased proliferation associated with elevated expression of PDGF, PDGF- receptor, and VEGFR2; this effect was greater in eNOS knockout than in wild-type mice. Flk-sel also induced tubulointerstitial injury, with some tubular epithelial cells expressing -smooth muscle actin, indicating a phenotypic evolution toward myofibroblasts. In conclusion, prestimulation of VEGFR2 can potentiate subse-quent renal injury in mice, an effect enhanced in the setting of nitric oxide deficiency.
Cytotoxic effects of menadione on normal and cytochrome c-deficient yeast cells cultivated aerobically or anaerobically (2020)

Cytotoxic effects of menadione on normal and cytochrome c-deficient yeast cells were examined on the basis of the cell growth rate, NAD(P)H concentration, reactive oxygen production, plasma membrane H<sup>+</sup>-ATPase activity, and ethanol production. In aerobically or anaerobically cultured yeast cells, NAD(P)H concentration decreased with increasing concentration of menadione, and the recovery of NAD(P)H concentration was proportional to the cell growth rate. However, there was no relationship among the inhibition of the cell growth and reactive oxygen production, plasma membrane H<sup>+</sup>-ATPase activity, and ethanol production. Among them, ethanol production showed resistance to the cytotoxicity of menadione, suggesting the resistance of glycolysis to menadione. The growth inhibitory effect of menadione depended on the rapid decrease and the recovery of NAD(P)H rather than production of reactive oxygen species regardless of aerobic culture or anaerobic culture and presence or absence of mitochondrial function. The recovery of NAD(P)H concentration after the addition of menadione might depend on menadione-resistant glycolytic enzymes.
Cavitation induced by pulsed and continuous-wave fiber lasers in confinement (2022)

Bubbles generated with lasers under confinement have been investigated for their potential use as the driving mechanism for liquid micro-jets in various microfluidic devices, such as needle free jet injectors. Here, we report on the study of bubble formation by a continuous-wave (CW) and a pulsed laser inside an open-ended microfluidic capillary. This results in a direct comparison between bubbles generated by laser sources emitting light in different time scales (ms and ns). The bubble kinetics represents an important parameter because it determines the available kinetic energy for a subsequent liquid jet. We show that the bubble growth rate increases linearly with the delivered energy for both the CW and the pulsed laser. Experiments show that at equal absorption coefficient, the bubble growth for both lasers is similar, which indicates that they can be used interchangeably for a jet generation. However, bubbles generated by a CW laser require more optical energy, which is due to heat dissipation. Furthermore, the bubbles generated by the CW laser show a slightly larger variation in size and growth rate for identical initial conditions, which we attribute to the stochastic nature of thermocavitation.
A New Insight into Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Hydration of Alkynes: Proton Transfer (2010)

Solvent molecules have a significant impact on the mechanism of the gold(I)-catalyzed hydration of alkynes as they enable an efficient proton transfer step. As an alternative to such a water-assisted proton transfer, the counterion can serve as a proton shuttle. However, it seems likely that solvent molecules play a vital role for the overall reaction mechanism in either case. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.