gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DIFICULDADES IDENTIFICADAS NA IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DO CUSTEIO BASEADO EM ATIVIDADES: ESTUDO DE CASO EXPLORATÓRIO (2009)

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa que visou descrever as dificuldades identificadas na implementação do custeio baseado em atividades (activity-based costing  ABC) em uma empresa de produção por encomenda (EPE) localizada na região metropolitana de Belo Horizonte/MG, no ano de 2007. Utilizaram-se diversas técnicas para a coleta de dados, tais como entrevistas semi-estruturadas e não-estruturadas, pesquisa documental e observação participante. Verificou-se que os gestores da EPE não realizaram satisfatoriamente uma análise custo/benefício para tomar a decisão de implementar o ABC. As dificuldades identificadas na sua implementação foram: (a) comunicação limitada entre a equipe de consultores externos e os funcionários da empresa; (b) suporte restrito da alta gerência; (c) ausência de um sistema de informações robusto; e (d) dados coletados provenientes de controles internos ineficazes. As dificuldades identificadas ratificam os resultados provenientes de diversas pesquisas científicas nacionais e internacionais que fundamentam este trabalho. Acredita-se que os resultados apresentados neste estudo contribuem para a temática da implementação do ABC, notadamente em EPEs, ainda incipiente no Brasil. Por fim, ressalte-se que novas pesquisas poderiam abordar este tema em um número maior de empresas, especialmente em EPEs, no sentido de corroborar ou não os resultados obtidos neste trabalho.
Structural divergence of paralogous S components from ECF-type ABC transporters (2012)

Energy coupling factor (ECF) proteins are ATP-binding cassette transporters involved in the import of micronutrients in prokaryotes. They consist of two nucleotide-binding subunits and the integral membrane subunit EcfT, which together form the ECF module and a second integral membrane subunit that captures the substrate (the S component). Different S components, unrelated in sequence and specific for different ligands, can interact with the same ECF module. Here, we present a high-resolution crystal structure at 2.1 Å of the biotin-specific S component BioY from Lactococcus lactis. BioY shares only 16% sequence identity with the thiamin-specific S component ThiT from the same organism, of which we recently solved a crystal structure. Consistent with the lack of sequence similarity, BioY and ThiT display large structural differences (rmsd = 5.1 Å), but the divergence is not equally distributed over the molecules: The S components contain a structurally conserved N-terminal domain that is involved in the interaction with the ECF module and a highly divergent C-terminal domain that binds the substrate. The domain structure explains how the S components with large overall structural differences can interact with the same ECF module while at the same time specifically bind very different substrates with subnanomolar affinity. Solitary BioY (in the absence of the ECF module) is monomeric in detergent solution and binds D-biotin with a high affinity but does not transport the substrate across the membrane.
New Method of Examination of Glaucoma. (1995)

コンピューター画像解析による視神経乳頭の定量的な計測が臨床の場で行えるようになった。これに伴い従来のC/D比のみならず,乳頭面積,乳頭辺縁部面積,陥凹面積,陥凹容積などのパラメーターが容易に求められ,緑内障の進行の有無をより正確に知ることができるようになった。さらに走査型レーザー検眼鏡の緑内障眼への臨床応用により,網膜神経線維層欠損や菲薄化の同定,強膜筋状板孔の形態や構築の観察,視神経乳頭およびその周囲の脈絡膜の微小血管造影が可能となった。今後は,これらの新しい検査法の進歩と普及によって,より早期の緑内障の診断とその進行の有無をより正確にかつ定量的に捕らえうるばかりでなく,緑内障の視神経障害メカニズムの解明への応用が期待される。
Cloning and Characterization of a Novel Na+-dependent Glucose Transporter (NaGLT1) in Rat Kidney (2003)

To identify novel transporters in the kidney, we have constructed an mRNA data base composed of 1000 overall clones by random sequencing of a male rat kidney cDNA library. After a BLAST search, approximately 40% of the clones were unknown and/or unannotated and were screened by measuring the uptake of various compounds using Xenopus oocytes. One clone stimulated the uptake of alpha-methyl-d-glucopyranoside and therefore was termed rat Na(+)-dependent glucose transporter 1 (rNaGLT1). The rNaGLT1 cDNA (2173 bp) has an open reading frame encoding a 484-amino acid protein, showing <22% homology to known SGLT and GLUT glucose transporters. alpha-Methyl-d-glucopyranoside uptake by rNaGLT1 cRNA-injected oocytes showed saturability, with an apparent K(m) of 3.7 mm and a coupling ratio of 1:1 with Na(+). rNaGLT1 mRNA was expressed predominantly in the kidney upon Northern blot analysis and reverse transcription-PCR. Reverse transcription-PCR in microdissected nephron segments revealed that rNaGLT1 mRNA was primarily localized in the proximal tubules. A clear signal corresponding to rNaGLT1 protein was recognized in the brush-border (but not basolateral) membrane fraction by immunoblot analysis. The rNaGLT1 mRNA level in the kidney was significantly higher than rat SGLT1 and SGLT2 mRNA levels. These findings suggest that rNaGLT1 is a novel Na(+)-dependent glucose transporter with low substrate affinity that mediates tubular reabsorption of glucose.
First demonstration of a conductor backed coplanar waveguide fed quasi-Yagi antenna (2002)

A planar microstrip fed quasi-Yagi antenna has been developed, which demonstrates excellent radiation characteristics over a broad frequency range. In this paper, the concepts that have made the microstrip quasi-Yagi so successful are applied in the development of a conductor backed coplanar waveguide (CB-CPW) antenna with the same desirable radiation characteristics. An X-band prototype with CB-CPW feed is presented with a measured bandwidth of 27%, 14 dB front-to-back ratio, and lower than -16 dB cross polarization level at 9 GHz.
Shape Functions for Scalar and Vector Finite Elements (2009)

<P>This chapter contains sections titled: <UL> <LI> <P>Introduction</P> </LI> <LI> <P>Features of Finite Element Shape Functions</P> </LI> <LI> <P>Node-Based Elements</P> </LI> <LI> <P>Edge-Based Elements</P> </LI> </UL> </P> <P>This chapter contains sections titled: <UL> <LI> <P>References</P> </LI> </UL> </P>
Loosening of sacral screw fixation under in vitro fatigue loading (2000)

Sacral screw fixation is frequently used for fusion of the lower lumbar spine, but sacral screws appear to offer less secure fixation than lumbar pedicle screws, and failure due to loosening under fatigue loading is common. The aim of this study was to examine in vitro the stability of medial and lateral bicortical and unicortical sacral screw fixation under a physiologically relevant fatigue-loading pattern. Bone mineral density, screw insertion torque, and screw-fixation stiffness were measured prior to cyclic loading between 40 and 400 N compression at 2 Hz for 20,000 cycles. The screw-fixation stiffness was measured every 500 cycles, and the axial pullout strength of the screws was recorded following loading. All of the lateral insertions loosened under the applied loading, but some of the medial insertions remained stable. Medial insertions proved stiffer and stronger than lateral insertions, and bicortical fixations were stronger than unicortical fixations. Bone mineral density and insertion torque were correlated with screw stiffness and pullout strength, although better correlation was found for insertion torque than bone mineral density. Bone mineral density is a good preoperative indicator of sacral screw-fixation strength, and insertion torque is a good intraoperative indicator. An insertion torque greater than 1.5 Nm is suggested as an indicative value for a stable medial unicortical insertion, whereas an insertion torque greater than 2 Nm suggests a stable medial bicortical insertion. It appears that, apart from the choice of technique (screw orientation and depth), minimizing the load on the screws during the initial part of the fusion process is also critical to maintain stability of the fused section and to obtain a solid fusion mass.
Lamb wave dispersion ultrasound vibrometry (LDUV) method for quantifying mechanical properties of viscoelastic solids (2011)

Diastolic dysfunction is the inability of the left ventricle to supply sufficient stroke volumes under normal physiological conditions and is often accompanied by stiffening of the left-ventricular myocardium. A noninvasive technique capable of quantifying viscoelasticity of the myocardium would be beneficial in clinical settings. Our group has been investigating the use of shear wave dispersion ultrasound vibrometry (SDUV), a noninvasive ultrasound-based method for quantifying viscoelasticity of soft tissues. The primary motive of this study is the design and testing of viscoelastic materials suitable for validation of the Lamb wave dispersion ultrasound vibrometry (LDUV), an SDUV-based technique for measuring viscoelasticity of tissues with plate-like geometry. We report the results of quantifying viscoelasticity of urethane rubber and gelatin samples using LDUV and an embedded sphere method. The LDUV method was used to excite antisymmetric Lamb waves and measure the dispersion in urethane rubber and gelatin plates. An antisymmetric Lamb wave model was fitted to the wave speed dispersion data to estimate elasticity and viscosity of the materials. A finite element model of a viscoelastic plate submerged in water was used to study the appropriateness of the Lamb wave dispersion equations. An embedded sphere method was used as an independent measurement of the viscoelasticity of the urethane rubber and gelatin. The FEM dispersion data were in excellent agreement with the theoretical predictions. Viscoelasticity of the urethane rubber and gelatin obtained using the LDUV and embedded sphere methods agreed within one standard deviation. LDUV studies on excised porcine myocardium sample were performed to investigate the feasibility of the approach in preparation for open-chest in vivo studies. The results suggest that the LDUV technique can be used to quantify the mechanical properties of soft tissues with a plate-like geometry.
Young Canadian adults: They may be fit, but are they healthy? (2013)

Background: Established relationships exist between health-related fitness and Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) in older adults, but this relationship in young adults (18-30 years) is less clear. Current medical practices do not actively use blood lipid testing to screen for CVD in young adults however, non-optimal lipids in young adults have been associated with coronary atherosclerosis later in life. Purpose: The goal was to explore the relationship between health-related fitness and biological CVD risk factors in young male and female Canadian adults. Method: Sixty-seven individuals participated in the study. Fasting levels of HDL-C, LDL-C, TC, Triglycerides, and Hs-CRP were obtained and compared to the following health-related fitness measures; body mass index, waist circumference, Rockport Walk Test, YMCA Modified Sit and Reach Test, right angle push-ups, partial curl-ups, and wall-sit. The Healthy Physical Activity Participation Questionnaire, Par-Q, and Fantastic Lifestyle Checklist questionnaires were used to measure lifestyle behaviours. Results: In men, relationships were found between triglycerides and body mass index (r(27)=.408, p&lt;0.05), waist circumference (r(27)=.541, p&lt;0.01), and the Rockport Walk Test (r(27)= -.500, p&lt;0.01). In women, relationships were found between TC/HDL-C and WC (r(36)=.563, p&lt;0.01), BMI (r(36)=.580, p&lt;0.01), Rockport Walk Test (r(36)=-.496, p&lt;0.01), push-ups (r(37)=-.323, p&lt;0.05), and partial curl-ups (r(37)=-.359, p&lt;0.05). Conclusions: Findings revealed significant relationships between many health-related fitness components and biological CVD risk factors. Although appearing healthy based on the fitness tests and engaged in healthy lifestyle practices based on the questionnaires, there remains a significant amount of biological CVD risk among young Canadian adults that merits further investigation.
Assessment of the setup dependence of detector response functions for mega‐voltage linear accelerators (2010)

The authors have shown that the detector response varies with detector type, depth, SSD, and detector scan direction. In-plane vs. cross-plane scanning can require calculation of a direction dependent response function. The effect of a 10% overall variation in the response function, for an ionization chamber, translates to a small deviation in the penumbra from that of the Edge detector measured profile when deconvolved. Due to the uncertainties introduced by deconvolution the Edge detector would be preferable in obtaining an approximation of the true profile, particularly for field sizes where the energy dependence of the diode can be neglected. However, an averaged response function could be utilized to provide a good approximation of the true profile for large ionization chambers and for larger fields for which diode detectors are not recommended.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Studies on Spiroketal Natural Products. Part 3. Enantioselective Synthesis of 1,6‐Dioxaspiro(4.5)decane Compounds. (1989)

Abstract Starting with the chiral sulfoxide (I) and the γ‐lactone (II), the hydroxypropyldihydropyrans (V) are prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: TETRAPYRROLE BIOSYNTHESIS. 13. SYNTHESIS OF LINEAR DI‐, TRI‐, TETRA‐, AND PENTAPYRROLES WITH NATURAL SIDE CHAINS AND FAVORABLE PROPERTIES (1982)

Abstract In einer vereinfachten Synthese, die die konventionelle Anwendung von Esterschutzgruppen vermeidet, werden die geradzahligen (VI) und (VIII) und die ungeradzahligen Oligopyrrole (X) und (XII) erstmalig aus dem Monopyrrol (I) dargestellt.
Passivation of Metal Oxide Surfaces for High-Performance Organic and Hybrid Optoelectronic Devices (2015)

The exciton quenching properties of solution-processed nickel oxide (NiOx) and vanadium oxide (VOx) are studied by measuring the photoluminescence (PL) of a thin emitting layer (EML) deposited on top of the metal oxides. Strong exciton quenching is evidenced at the metal oxide/EML interface, which is proved to be detrimental to the performance of optoelectronic devices. With a thin polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) passivation polymer adsorbed on top of metal oxides, the PL quenching is found to be effectively suppressed. A short UV–O3 treatment on top of the PVP-passivated metal oxides turns out to be a key procedure to trigger the chemical binding between the PVP passivation polymer and the metal oxide surface species, which turns out to be necessary for efficient hole injection and extraction for organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) and solar cell devices, respectively. With the PVP passivation layer followed by UV–O3 treatment, the OLEDs incorporating NiOx as a hole transport layer (HTL) shows a record current efficiency of 90.8 ± 2.1 Cd A–1 with significantly suppressed efficiency roll-off, the OLEDs incorporating VOx as a hole injection layer (HIL) also shows higher current efficiencies at higher luminescence. Both perovskite solar cells and polymer solar cells incorporating NiOx HTLs show a 60% enhancement in power conversion efficiency (PCE) with PVP passivation polymer.
RNA therapeutics for neurological diseases (2023)

Clinical failures stress the importance of implementing clinical trial design and optimizing RNA molecules to hold the promise of revolutionizing the treatment of human diseases.
Clonidine improves postprandial baroreflex control in familial dysautonomia (2003)

In familial dysautonomia, clonidine augments baroreflex sensitivity and parasympathetic modulation. The resulting cardiovascular stabilization might attenuate feeding-induced crises.
New Reductive Transformations of Unsaturated Cyclic Hydrocarbons [New Synthetic Methods (66)] (1987)

Abstract The successive reduction of fully conjugated cyclic hydrocarbons leads to singly and multiply charged ions with unusual bonding. The charge distribution in these ions can be determined spectroscopically, and the information so obtained is then used in kinetically controlled trapping reactions for the regioselective introduction of electrophilic groups. When non‐benzenoid substrates are used, syntheses become possible which can either not be carried out or can only be carried out with great difficulty in other ways. Examples of new preparative applications are cycloannelation and bridging reactions as well as polymerization reactions. The ion pair structure of the intermediate and the type of electrophile used are of paramount importance in controlling the mechanism of these reductive transformations.
A General and Efficient 2-Amination of Pyridines and Quinolines (2007)

Pyridine N-oxides were converted to 2-aminopyridines in a one-pot fashion using Ts2O-t-BuNH2 followed by in situ deprotection with TFA. The amination proceeded in high yields, excellent 2-/4-selectivity, and with good functional group compatibility. 2-Amino (iso)quinolines were also obtained in the same manner. Combined with the simple oxidation of pyridines to pyridine N-oxides, this method provides a general and efficient way for amination of 2-unsubstituted pyridines.
Clinical Comparison of Topical Solutions Containing Trimethoprim in Treating Ocular Surface Bacterial Infections (1988)

Thirty-nine patients with bacterial ocular surface infections (conjunctivitis, blepharitis or blepharoconjunctivitis) were evaluated after treatment with a topically applied ophthalmic solution containing trimethoprim. A combination of trimethoprim and polymixin B (TP) produced identical clinical and microbiologic responses when compared to a solution containing, in addition to trimethoprim and polymyxin B, sulfacetamide. The sulfa component was not essential to produce desired clinical and microbiologic results.
Neural network based control for a backward maneuvering trailer truck (2002)

The control of non-linear systems using neural networks has gained increasing interest in recent years. The non-linear capabilities of neural networks can be utilized for a large number of non-linear systems that are not controllable by linear techniques. However, controllers based on neural networks are quite difficult to design due to the lack of good training data. The physical plant developed and designed in this work is a scale model of a trailer truck. A neural network based controller is to be developed to drive the truck backwards from any initial condition to a loading dock. One approach to solve this control problem is to design a valid path, and then track the path. Since the valid path depends on initial conditions, a neural network is trained to generate selective points on the path for any initial condition. The path data used to train the neural network are obtained from software based on a previously published work on similar systems. Based on generated path data, a control is designed and is able to successfully maneuver the truck to the loading dock from any initial condition that was within a particular region. The region represented a group of non-trivial trajectories that the truck is to follow.
Egg Development and Larvae of Snailfish, Liparis ingens (Gibert et Burke) (1986)

Liparis ingens (Gilbert et Burke) is a demersal fish belonging to Liparidae, widely distributed in the coastal waters of the east coast of Korea. On January 16, 1986, mature adults of Liparis ingens were captured by a demersal gill net near Chongdongchin-ri, Kangwon-do, Korea. The authors stripped eggs and milt, and fertilized on the ship. The eggs were incubated and the larvae were reared in laboratory. The eggs of this species are demersal and adhesive, and are pale yellow, containing many oil globules. Egg diameters were varied from 1.55 to 1.65 mm. The hatching took place in ca. 747 hours after fertilization at the water temperature of and salinity . The newly hatched larvae were elongate in shape and in total length with (abdominal)+40(caudal)= myomeres. Many melanophores were distributed on the lower jaw, pectoral fins, yolk sac, and ventral line of the tail part. Three days after hatching, the larvae reached 5.15 to 5.25 mm in total length, and the yolk sac was almost absorbed. Some melanophores appeared on the back of auditory vesicles. Seven days after hatching, the larvae attained in total length.
Comparative kinetics and dynamics of zaleplon, zolpidem, and placebo* (1998)

Benzodiazepine agonist effects of zaleplon and zolpidem were dose and concentration dependent. At the usual clinically effective hypnotic dose (10 mg of either drug), agonist effects of zolpidem exceeded those of zaleplon.
Improved operating scenarios for the production of acrylonitrile‐butadiene emulsions (2012)

Abstract This article focuses on important aspects related to the production of acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber (nitrile rubber or NBR) emulsions using a train of eight continuously stirred tank reactors. The first aspect we discuss concerns miscellaneous operating procedures, targeted toward achieving desired properties of the NBR emulsion and at the same time reducing the amount of off‐spec material during the transient period. In one of the operating procedures discussed, the first reactor is started full of “batch recipe,” whereas the remaining reactors in the train are half full with all reaction ingredients. In another case, we discuss an alternative design scenario, where the first reactor in the train is of a much smaller volume compared with the following reactors. The benefits of these two operating (production) scenarios are illustrated by comparison of different polymer and latex properties obtained with the commonly used procedures. Second, we discuss a novel criterion that can quantitatively distinguish between Cases I and II kinetics emulsion polymerization behavior with respect to continuous reactor stability (oscillatory behavior). Finally, additional feed policies are addressed, such as splitting the more reactive monomer and/or other reaction ingredients among the reactors of the train for better control of certain desired properties. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2013. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Challenges of developing small-molecule kinase inhibitors for brain tumors and the need for emphasis on free drug levels (2017)

Despite biological rationale and significant clinical study, the pursuit of small-molecule kinase inhibitors for the treatment of brain cancers has had very limited success. This Advance-in-Brief discusses the need for drugs to achieve free brain penetration to engage their targets where CNS tumors reside. This need to achieve free, as opposed to total, drug concentrations in the brain may be a contributing factor to why so many small-molecule kinase inhibitors have not realized success in the neuro-oncology setting. For kinase targets of interest for brain cancer, either the vast majority of small-molecule inhibitors have data suggesting that free brain penetration would be limited or there are inadequate data to suggest that free brain penetration could be expected. Therefore, kinase targets of interest in the treatment of brain cancers may be inadequately assessed due to a lack of freely brain-penetrant inhibitors available for clinical study. Encouraging recent drug discovery efforts that focused on achieving free brain penetration for cancers in the CNS are highlighted. Still, further efforts are needed to enable thorough clinical evaluation of biological hypotheses.
The Influence of Standard Competition on Organizations and Consumers: a Literature Review (2012)

This paper,based on the concept of standard competition,discusses the current research from both organization and consumers levels,and puts forward the future research directions of standard competition.