gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Balancing Work and Life: An Interview with Connie Eaves (2009)

The research in Dr. Eaves' lab focuses on three main objectives. One is focused on delineating the biological and molecular basis of the heterogeneity in hematopoietic stem cell behavior and the mechanisms by which their origin, proliferation, and differentiation fates are determined and regulated. A second goal is to identify and characterize the abnormalities that are features of the leukemic stem cells in chronic myeloid leukemia and their sensitivity to new therapeutic targeting strategies, both through studies of patients' cells and through the development and use of new models of this disease. A third focus is in extending these approaches to the study of human breast cancer. Quantitative assays for normal and malignant human breast epithelial stem cells are being used to identify their distinguishing features and regulation. The objective is to provide a basis for analyzing molecular and genetic determinants of breast cancer at the level of the breast cancer stem cell and thereby develop more rational, patient-targeted therapies.
Proper Care of Porcelain Enamel Powder for Electrostatic Application (2008)

Simple ways to ensure that porcelain enamel powders for electrostatic application will perform satisfactorily in a clean and controlled environment are described.
Effect of a neutrophil elastase inhibitor on ventilator-induced lung injury in rats. (2014)

Pretreatment with a neutrophil elastase inhibitor attenuates VILI in a rat model.
A coupled ionosphere‐raytrace model for high‐power HF heating (2015)

Abstract The first 3‐D model of artificial HF ionospheric heating to self‐consistently calculate the modification in heating location due to evolving ionospheric gradients has been developed. The model combines the ionosphere model SAMI3/ESF and the HF propagation code MoJo‐15. At each time step, the simulated path of the HF wave through the ionosphere is used to determine the HF heating location. These calculations have been used to explain the physical mechanism responsible for the snapback effect observed in an Arecibo HF heating experiment described by Bernhardt et al. (1988). The heater wave is refracted by the density cavity, which causes the heating location to drift in longitude. Eventually, the density cavity convects into the path of the refracted ray, such that only a small portion of the ray is above the threshold for HF heating and the heating location snaps back even though the ray itself is still refracted in longitude.
Mediating Millisecond Reaction Time around Particles and Cells (2014)

Precise spatiotemporal control of how particles and cells interact with reagents is critical for numerous laboratory and industrial processes. Novel tools for exerting this control at shorter time scales will enable development of new chemical processes and biomedical assays. Previously, we have developed a generalized approach to manipulate cells and particles across fluid streams termed rapid inertial solution exchange (RInSE), which utilizes inertial lift forces at finite Reynolds number and high Peclet number to transfer particles from an initial solution to another within a millisecond. Here, we apply these principles toward developing a continuous flow microfluidic platform that enables transient chemical treatments of cells and particles (on the order of 1 ms). We also demonstrate how the reactant stream can be employed as a diffusion barrier, preventing adverse reactions between coflowing solutions. In order to demonstrate the utility of the method, we applied it to various operations in molecular biology and automated cell staining including cell permeabilization, fluorescent staining, and molecular delivery to viable cells. We expect this method will enable previously unexplored studies of the dynamics of molecular events, improve uniformity of reactions carried on the surface of beads, and increase uniformity in cell-based assays through automation.
A learning-based approach to direction of arrival estimation in noisy and reverberant environments (2015)

This paper presents a learning-based approach to the task of direction of arrival estimation (DOA) from microphone array input. Traditional signal processing methods such as the classic least square (LS) method rely on strong assumptions on signal models and accurate estimations of time delay of arrival (TDOA) . They only work well in relatively clean conditions, but suffer from noise and reverberation distortions. In this paper, we propose a learning-based approach that can learn from a large amount of simulated noisy and reverberant microphone array inputs for robust DOA estimation. Specifically, we extract features from the generalised cross correlation (GCC) vectors and use a multilayer perceptron neural network to learn the nonlinear mapping from such features to the DOA. One advantage of the learning based method is that as more and more training data becomes available, the DOA estimation will become more and more accurate. Experimental results on simulated data show that the proposed learning based method produces much better results than the state-of-the-art LS method. The testing results on real data recorded in meeting rooms show improved root-mean-square error (RMSE) compared to the LS method.
Involvement of 5HT1A receptor‐mediated inhibition of GSK3 beta in the antidepressant‐like phenotype of RGS‐insensitive mice (2009)

We have shown that mice lacking Regulators of G Protein Signaling (RGS) activity at Gαi2 (Gαi2 (G184S) ) exhibit an antidepressant‐like phenotype with enhanced activity in response to SSRIs and 5HT1A agonists. Glycogen synthase kinase‐3β (GSK3β) is a constitutively active, pro‐apoptotic kinase that is inhibited by serotonin, SSRIs and 5HT1 receptor agonists via phosphorylation at Ser‐9. Therefore, we tested whether GSK3β activity was altered in RGS‐insensitive Gαi2 (G184S) mice. Heterozygous (GS/+) and homozygous (GS/GS) Gαi2 (G184S) animals showed increased basal GSK3β phosphorylation at Ser‐9 in the cortex and hippocampus. WAY 100635, a 5HT1A receptor antagonist, caused a reduction of phospho‐GSK3β in the cortex and hippocampus of both GS/+ and GS/GS but not wild‐type animals. Behaviorally, treatment of Gαi2 (G184S) mice with the same dose of WAY 100635 reversed the antidepressant‐like phenotype in the tail suspension test, an established rodent model of antidepressant‐like behavior. These data demonstrate that enhancing Gαi2 activity by the removal of RGS protein regulation at Gαi2 results in an antidepressant‐like phenotype that is manifest both biochemically and behaviorally and is reversed by 5HT1A receptor blockade. Supported by DA04087, GM39561, T32 DA007268, the Bower, Bennet, &amp; Bennet Endowed Chair Research Award, and the AACP New Investigator Program Award.
Letter from Melbourne (2008)

Carbide is used to generate acetylene for the welding industry, for chemical manufacture, and also in bicycle lamps. Carbides are of several types with little in common between the structures and properties.
Prolinase and non-specific dipeptidase of human kidney (1985)

Human kidney prolinase, assayed with Pro-Ala, and non-specific dipeptidase, assayed with Gly-Leu, were purified by using DEAE-cellulose, gel-filtration, metal-ion-chelate, hydrophobic and adsorption chromatography and chromatofocusing. Both enzymes gave single peaks of activity that were congruent and the ratio of their activities was constant throughout the purification. Gel filtration indicated an Mr of 100 000 and chromatofocusing a pI of 5.4. Ni2+-chelate chromatography demonstrated the presence of exposed histidine residues on the enzyme and was an effective separative procedure. Polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis of the final preparation showed the two enzyme activities to be coincident. Both enzyme activities decayed at the same rate at 53 degrees C and were inhibited to the same extent by p-hydroxymercuribenzoate. Of six non-specific dipeptidase substrates tested Gly-Leu gave the highest activity, and of six prolinase substrates Pro-Leu had the highest activity. Gly-Leu was hydrolysed at double the rate of Pro-Leu. Pro-Ala was a competitive inhibitor of activity towards Gly-Leu, and Gly-Leu was a competitive inhibitor of activity towards Pro-Ala. Mixed-substrate studies strongly suggested that Gly-Leu and Pro-Ala were hydrolysed at a common active site. The data are consistent with prolinase and non-specific dipeptidase activity in human kidney being due to a single enzyme.
Differentiation of Pluripotent Stem Cells In Vitro: Embryoid Bodies (2011)

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), both embryonic and induced, are traditionally cultured as adherent cells. When transferred to suspension culture, they normally form cell aggregates known as embryoid bodies (EBs). As implied by their name, EBs consist of differentiating cells representing the three embryonic germ layers. The cascade of events that transpire within these cells mimic early embryonic development. Therefore, with its crucial role in increasing differentiation efficiency and velocity, the stage of EB formation is considered an important step in many directed and spontaneous differentiation protocols. This chapter focuses on the morphology of EBs after their formation in static and dynamic cultures.
Metal ions and oxidative protein modification in neurological disease. (2005)

This review highlights the role of oxidative stress and imbalances in metal ion homeostasis in the neurodegenerative diseases Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease and in the progressive demyelinating disease multiple sclerosis. The chemistry and biochemistry of oxidative stress-induced protein damage are first described, followed by the evidence for a pathological role of oxidative stress in these disease states. It is tempting to speculate that free radical oxygen chemistry contributes to pathogenesis in all these conditions, though it is as yet undetermined what types of oxidative changes occur early in the disease, and what types are secondary manifestations of neuronal degeneration.
Knowledge discovery: comprehensibility of the results (2002)

Knowledge discovery in databases (KDD) and machine learning researchers recognize that comprehensibility is an important condition for the use, and therefore usefulness, of knowledge discovery methods. An investigation of the comprehensibility of the discovered patterns may benefit IS research as well. This paper identifies some of the issues that such inquiry may face. Related findings and conclusions of four case studies focusing on applications of decision tree induction methods, are described. A discussion based on these studies suggests, among the rest, that the problem of comprehensibility is complicated by a complex context due to a diversity of problem domain attributes, user and task characteristics, algorithmic methods, and concurrency of user goals. Solutions to problems of discovered patterns that are not easy to interpret and validate may involve integration of available information technologies, and utilization of multiple information types and sources. An investigation of comprehensibility issues may benefit from the adoption of multiple definitions in relation to this concept.
Development of Novel Cardiovascular Therapeutics From Small Regulatory RNA Molecules - An Outline of Key Requirements (2010)

Understanding of the roles of RNAs within the cell has changed and expanded dramatically during the past few years. Based on fundamentally new insights it is now increasingly possible to employ RNAs as highly valuable tools in molecular biology and medicine. At present, the most important therapeutic strategies are based on non-coding regulatory RNAs inducing RNA interference (RNAi) to silence single genes, and on modulation of cellular microRNAs (miRNAs) to alter complex gene expression patterns in diseased organs. Only recently it became possible to target therapeutic RNAi to specific organs via organotropic viral vector systems and we discuss the most recent strategies in this field, e.g. heart failure treatment by cardiac-targeted RNAi. Due to the peculiar biochemical properties of small RNA molecules, true therapeutic translation of results in vitro is more demanding than with small molecule drugs or proteins. Specifically, there is a critical requirement for extensive studies in animal models of human disease after pre-testing of the RNAi tools in vitro. This requirement likewise applies for miRNA modulations which have complex consequences in the recipient dependent on biochemical stability and distribution of the therapeutic RNA. Problems not yet fully solved are the prediction of targets and specificity of the RNA tools. However, major progress has been made to achieve their tissue-specific and regulatable expression, and breakthroughs in vector technologies from the gene therapy field have fundamentally improved safety and efficacy of RNA-based therapeutic approaches, too. In summary, insight into the molecular mechanisms of action of regulatory RNAs in combination with new delivery tools for RNA therapeutics will significantly expand our cardiovascular therapeutic repertoire beyond classical pharmacology.
Genetic Variation in Genes for the Xenobiotic-Metabolizing EnzymesCYP1A1, EPHX1, GSTM1, GSTT1, andGSTP1and Susceptibility to Colorectal Cancer in Lynch Syndrome (2008)

Individuals with Lynch syndrome are predisposed to cancer due to an inherited DNA mismatch repair gene mutation. However, there is significant variability observed in disease expression likely due to the influence of other environmental, lifestyle, or genetic factors. Polymorphisms in genes encoding xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes may modify cancer risk by influencing the metabolism and clearance of potential carcinogens from the body. In this retrospective analysis, we examined key candidate gene polymorphisms in CYP1A1, EPHX1, GSTT1, GSTM1, and GSTP1 as modifiers of age at onset of colorectal cancer among 257 individuals with Lynch syndrome. We found that subjects heterozygous for CYP1A1 I462V (c.1384A>G) developed colorectal cancer 4 years earlier than those with the homozygous wild-type genotype (median ages, 39 and 43 years, respectively; log-rank test P = 0.018). Furthermore, being heterozygous for the CYP1A1 polymorphisms, I462V and Msp1 (g.6235T>C), was associated with an increased risk for developing colorectal cancer [adjusted hazard ratio for AG relative to AA, 1.78; 95% confidence interval, 1.16-2.74; P = 0.008; hazard ratio for TC relative to TT, 1.53; 95% confidence interval, 1.06-2.22; P = 0.02]. Because homozygous variants for both CYP1A1 polymorphisms were rare, risk estimates were imprecise. None of the other gene polymorphisms examined were associated with an earlier onset age for colorectal cancer. Our results suggest that the I462V and Msp1 polymorphisms in CYP1A1 may be an additional susceptibility factor for disease expression in Lynch syndrome because they modify the age of colorectal cancer onset by up to 4 years.
Periodic structure with interconnected nonlinear electrical networks (2016)

This article aims at investigating the filtering abilities of periodic structures with nonlinear interconnected synchronized switch damping on inductor electrical networks. Periodic structures without electrical networks themselves naturally have the function of filtering since the structure response breaks into pass bands and stop bands when the structure is excited by an external force with multiple or varying frequencies. Introduction of linear electrical networks in the periodic structure makes stop bands of the structure wider than that of the structure without electrical networks. However, nonlinear piezoelectric electrical networks may have better effect on the mechanical wave attenuation than linear piezoelectric electrical networks in terms of frequency band. Therefore, this article proposes a piezoelectric periodic structure with nonlinear interconnected synchronized switch damping on short-circuit/synchronized switch damping on inductor electrical network. A transfer matrix formulation including the interconnected electrical network is also proposed for deriving the characteristics of elastic wave propagation. The results show that the proposed technique permits enhancing the damping abilities in particular frequency bands compared to electrically independent periodic cells, which, combined with structural tailoring, would allow achieving high damping performance.
<title>Construction of efficient variable-length codes with clear synchronizing codewords for digital video applications</title> (1991)

Variable-length codes are widely adopted for lossless data compaction in many digital video applications, e.g., videophone and high definition television (HDTV). However, error propagation is still a major concern for practical applications. In general, since there are no explicit word-boundaries in the variable-length coded data stream, a transmission error will cause the succeeding codewords to be decoded erroneously. One way to confine the error propagation is through the periodic use of synchronizing words that have a special bit pattern which can be recognized in the coded bit stream as long as there are no errors in the words itself. We call such codewords “clear” codewords. A basic property of the clear codewords is that they cannot be formed by any concatenation of other codewords. These clear codewords are useful not only for the detection and confinement of errors but also for the multiplexing and demultiplexing of multiple variable-length coded bit streams. The construction of efficient variable- length codes with clear codewords is an interesting and important issue for many practiced applications.
Measures to minimize entropy production in compression-resorption heat pumps. (2018)

Compression-resorption heat pumps (CRHP) enhanced by wet compression are considered a very promising option to upgrade low grade waste heat from the industry. This is especially true for applications where the heat source and/or sink have a large temperature glide. But commercial solutions using wet compression are not yet available on the market. Compared to the classically used vapor compression heat pumps (VCHP), CRHP can provide much better performance but only if the efficiency of the compressor exceeds 0.7. In this respect, a twin screw compressor has been identified as a potential solution to reach this efficiency goal. This study makes use of the entropy production minimization to identify where the major irreversibilites are located in a CRHP system operated with an ammonia-water mixture. A detailed model of the wet compressor and the resorber are coupled with simplified models of other components of the HP cycle to analyze where potential improvements can be made. The results show that significant benefits can be obtained using CRHP.
No Secure Maritime Areas (2008)

Der Tagungsband beschäftigt sich mit den sicherheitsrelevanten Rechtsproblemen der Ostsee. Die einzelnen Beiträge erläutern aktuelle Rechtsfragen der Gefahrenabwehr auf See. Insbesondere werden die Gefahren des weltweiten Terrorismus und dessen tatsächliche und rechtliche Auswirkungen besprochen. Hierzu gehören die verschärften Kontrollmechanismen im EU-Schiffsverkehr (ISPS-Code), die Absicherung der Häfen und der Transportwege sowie die Verteidigungsmöglichkeiten im Ernstfall. Das Werk richtet sich an Seerechtsexperten, Völkerrechtler und Europarechtler.
Limits of IR-spectrometers based on linear variable filters and detector arrays (2010)

Linear variable filter (LVF) spectrometers represent an interesting group of low cost spectral monitoring systems for procedural or condition monitoring systems. Such highly integrated, miniaturized spectral devices are promising components for the design of rugged, portable and shock resistant monitoring systems. Among others, detection of chemical substances and their corresponding concentrations in fluids is possible by analyzing the characteristic absorption bands. Using this spectral device for lubricant condition monitoring a certain quality of spectra is essential for revealing the change of their properties over lifetime. The focus of this work is to evaluate the useability of a low cost chip-size wavelength interrogator having a 256 elements pyroelectric detector array combined with a linear variable filter. Therefore, simulations were performed to specify the maximum resolution and to compare it to real world measurement data in the petrochemical domain. The influence of a different number of detector elements per array (e.g. 64 / 128) on the maximum spectral resolution is calculated and compared to measured data. An ideal system design is presented and the limits of such interrogators with respect to infrared spectral monitoring are indicated.
Getting Clear on Fog-Related Crashes in Tampa Bay (2000)

A four-step process was employed to evaluate the application of advanced fog-detection technologies for use on the Skyway Bridge and suggest possible strategies to address fog-related incidents in the Tampa Bay area. The process determined that the best method for mitigating fog-related incidents in Tampa Bay is to mount a strong educational campaign that has been ongoing over the past two fog seasons. Language: en
Intracellular flow cytometric lipid analysis – a multiparametric system to assess distinct lipid classes in live cells (2021)

The lipid content of mammalian cells varies greatly between cell type. Current methods for analysing lipid components of cells are technically challenging and destructive. Here, we report a facile, inexpensive method to identify lipid content - intracellular flow cytometric lipid analysis (IFCLA). Distinct lipid classes can be distinguished by Nile Blue fluorescence, Nile Red fluorescence or violet autofluorescence. Nile Blue is fluorescent in the presence of unsaturated fatty acids with a carbon chain length greater than 16. Cis-configured fatty acids induce greater Nile Blue fluorescence than their trans-configured counterparts. In contrast, Nile Red exhibits greatest fluorescence in the presence of cholesterol, cholesteryl esters, some triglycerides and phospholipids. Multiparametric spanning-tree progression analysis for density-normalized events (SPADE) analysis of hepatic cellular lipid distribution, including vitamin A autofluorescence, is presented. This flow cytometric system allows for the rapid, inexpensive and non-destructive identification of lipid content, and highlights the differences in lipid biology between cell types by imaging and flow cytometry.
MSGR-based low latency complex matrix inversion architecture (2008)

This paper presents a matrix inversion architecture based on the novel Modified Squared Givens Rotations (MSGR) algorithm, which extends the original SGR method to complex valued data, and also corrects erroneous results in the original SGR method when zeros occur on the diagonal of the matrix either initially or during processing. The MSGR algorithm also avoids complex dividers in the matrix inversion, thus minimising the complexity of potential real-time implementations. A systolic array architecture is implemented and FPGA synthesis results indicate a high-throughput low-latency complex matrix inversion solution.
Knowledge Management and Innovation at 3M (1998)

Abstract 3M's objective is to become the most innovative company in the world. 3M employs a wide range of Knowledge Management systems, but the appropriate environment has to be in place before people will be motivated to input and access such systems. 3M concentrates on the "tacit to tacit" area in the belief that if this is functioning well, other aspects of Knowledge Management will fall more readily into place. The willingness to share knowledge between individuals is directly affected by the culture within a company.