gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis by Phase Transfer Catalysis of N-Benzyl, N-Diphenylmethyl and N-Triphenylmethyl Azoles and Benzazoles: Proton NMR and Chromatographic Data as a Tool for Identification (1985)

Pyrazole, imidazole, 1.2.4-triazole, indaaole and benzotriazale were alkylated under phase transfer catalysis IPTCI with beneyl-, diphenylmethyl-and trityl chloride.Alkylation occurred only at the ring nitrogen atoms of the heterocycle, except for indazole in which substitution took also place at position 3.A systematic study of the Nand C-substituted derivatives by proton NMR and chromatographic techniques has been done.This work is concerned with the preparation of N-substituted derivatives of azoles, 1analogous to the widely used antifungal agent chlotrimazole .All products studied are assembled in Scheme L unless s. and that had not been obtained in our reaction conditions: alkylation of the azole or its benzo derivative under liquid-liquid or solid-liquid phase transfer catalysis 2'3'4 using equimolecular amounts of the reactants (azole or benzaaole 1 : alkylating agent 1).tetrabutylammonium bromide or bisulfate as catalyst and xylene as the solvent.Far the reaction of azoles with simpler halides in the presence of PTC see reference 5.When the starting materials were pyrazole, imidazole.1.2.4-triazole and benzotriazole only N-substituted derivatives were formed with the three alkylating agents: benzyl-, diphenylmethyl and trityl chloride.Relative percentages showing the re- gioselectivity of the reaction are gathered in Table 1 and are in agreement with the general reactivity of five membered aromatic nitrogenated heterocycles that 5 possess several nucleophilic sites .1-Benzyl-and 2-benzylindazoles had been prepared previously by von Auwers6 in 1921 from indazale and benzyl chloride in ethanol-sodium ethoxide.This author se- parates the two isomers and describes the physical characteristics of the bases and their picrates, but does not provide any chemical support to the assignment made.We have reprepared the picrate of 2-benzylindazole obtained by PTC, whose Structure was confirmed by proton NMR spectroscopy, checking that the previous attribution made by von Auwers was correct.
Design of Aluminum-based Hybrid Gratings with Predefined Infrared Spectral Response (2020)

We propose to use aluminum gratings to design absorbers with predefined spectral response. By exploiting the relations between grating structural parameters and spectral properties, we design hybrid gratings to generate multi-resonance spectra.
SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL BASIS OF CONTAMINATED INDUSTRIAL SITES RECOVERY STRATEGY FORMATION (2018)

.. 1 , . 2 , .. 1 , .. 1 , .. 1 1 - () .. , . ; 2 - ,
Germline POLE and POLD1 proofreading domain mutations in endometrial carcinoma from Middle Eastern region (2019)

Our study shows that germline mutations in <i>POLE</i> and <i>POLD1</i> proofreading region are a rare cause of EC in Middle Eastern population. However, it is still feasible to screen multiple cancer related genes in EC patients from Middle Eastern region using multigene panels including <i>POLE</i> and <i>POLD1</i>.
Valid point detection in fringe projection profilometry (2015)

Fringe projection profilometry has become one of the most popular 3D information acquisition techniques being developed over the past three decades. However, the general and practical issues on valid point detection, including object segmentation, error correction and noisy point removal, have not been studied thoroughly. Furthermore, existing valid point detection techniques require multiple case-dependent thresholds which increase processing inconvenience. In this paper, we proposed a new valid point detection framework, which includes the k-means clustering for automatic background segmentation, unwrapping error correction based on theoretical analysis, and noisy point detection in both temporal and spatial directions with automatic threshold setting. Experimental results are given to validate the proposed framework.
Ceftazidime therapy of infections caused by Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1983)

Sixteen patients with serious Gram-negative bacillary infections were treated with intravenous ceftazidime, 2 g every 8 h. The majority of patients had bacteraemia or pneumonitis or both. Ten patients were cured and six improved. Seven of ten patients infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa were cured, and three improved. No adverse reactions occurred. Four strains of Ps. aeruginosa became resistant to ceftazidime in patients who were cured or improved clinically. Ceftazidime is effective as single drug therapy for serious Gram-negative infections, including those due to Ps. aeruginosa.
Low dose chest CT protocol (50 mAs) as a routine protocol for comprehensive assessment of intrathoracic abnormality (2016)

Low dose CT protocol at 50 mAs can produce the screening results consistent with standard dose CT protocol (150 mAs), supporting routine use of low dose chest CT protocol.
The ADP receptor P2RY12 regulates osteoclast function and pathologic bone remodeling (2012)

The adenosine diphosphate (ADP) receptor P2RY12 (purinergic receptor P2Y, G protein coupled, 12) plays a critical role in platelet aggregation, and P2RY12 inhibitors are used clinically to prevent cardiac and cerebral thrombotic events. Extracellular ADP has also been shown to increase osteoclast (OC) activity, but the role of P2RY12 in OC biology is unknown. Here, we examined the role of mouse P2RY12 in OC function. Mice lacking P2ry12 had decreased OC activity and were partially protected from age-associated bone loss. P2ry12-/- OCs exhibited intact differentiation markers, but diminished resorptive function. Extracellular ADP enhanced OC adhesion and resorptive activity of WT, but not P2ry12-/-, OCs. In platelets, ADP stimulation of P2RY12 resulted in GTPase Ras-related protein (RAP1) activation and subsequent αIIbβ3 integrin activation. Likewise, we found that ADP stimulation induced RAP1 activation in WT and integrin β3 gene knockout (Itgb3-/-) OCs, but its effects were substantially blunted in P2ry12-/- OCs. In vivo, P2ry12-/- mice were partially protected from pathologic bone loss associated with serum transfer arthritis, tumor growth in bone, and ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis: all conditions associated with increased extracellular ADP. Finally, mice treated with the clinical inhibitor of P2RY12, clopidogrel, were protected from pathologic osteolysis. These results demonstrate that P2RY12 is the primary ADP receptor in OCs and suggest that P2RY12 inhibition is a potential therapeutic target for pathologic bone loss.
Modified Osteo-odonto-keratoprosthesis for Treatment of Corneal Blindness (2005)

Modified OOKP surgery for corneal blindness of different etiologies may provide, in the long-term, anatomically stable corneal prosthesis as well as an effective, rehabilitating recovery in visual acuity.
Bone Marrow Edema Pattern in Osteoarthritic Knees: Correlation between MR Imaging and Histologic Findings (2000)

A bone marrow edema pattern in osteoarthritic knees represents a number of noncharacteristic histologic abnormalities. Edema is not a major constituent of MR imaging signal intensity abnormalities in such knees.
Wireless E-mail Security: A State-of-the-Art Review for Message Privacy and Protection from Application Perspective (2004)

This paper presents a state-of-the-art review of primary schemes for wireless e-mail security. It attempts to discuss most common standards available in the market place for e-mail security as well as their applicability on message privacy and protection. The main focus is given on e-mail security standards, message format types, email certificate and trust management systems and issues associated with each of these concepts from privacy and message integrity protection perspectives. Their applications on these two main security service areas are examined and real-world applied solutions are analyzed. The most common security standards, which are overviewed here, are 3DES, PEM, MOSS, PGP, PGP/MIME and S/MIME. It is assumed readers have basic knowledge on MIME specification.
Grafting of Poly(1,1-Dihydroperfluoroalkyl Acrylates) on Wool (1963)

Copolymers of 1,1-dihydroperfluorooctyl acrylate/methacryloyl chloride acted as multipurpose finishing agents for wool. They provided oil and water repellency; resistance to felting shrinkage; and resistance to acid, alkali, and oxidizing media. The hand and flexural rigidity were altered slightly, whereas wrinkle recovery, fabric break, tear strength, and abrasion resistance were not significantly changed. Grafting of the copolymers on wool is presumed to be due mainly to a reaction between copolymer-acid chloride groups with hydroxy and amino groups in keratin. Aside from rendering the polymer insoluble to dry cleaning solvents, grafting permitted the use of smaller amounts of resin for shrinkage protection than was required with nongrafted polymer. The washfastness of the oleophobic-hydrophobic finish was essentially the same in a comparison of a grafted copolymer fluoroalkyl acrylate and a nongrafted homopolymer fluoroalkyl acrylate. No significant differences were noted in the washfastness or fastness to dry cleaning of the oleophobic-hydrophobic finish imparted by a commercial fluorinated acrylic resin (FC 208) when the resin was applied on untreated wool, on shrink resistant wool fabrics, or in conjunction with an interfacial polymerization shrinkproofing technique.
Confinement of ‘improved H-modes’ in the all-tungsten ASDEX Upgrade with nitrogen seeding (2011)

In ASDEX Upgrade the compatibility of improved H-modes with an all-W wall has been demonstrated. Under boronized conditions light impurities and the radiated power fraction in the divertor were reduced, requiring N seeding to cool the divertor plasma. The impurity seeding does not only protect the divertor tiles but also considerably improves the performance of improved H-mode discharges by up to 25%. The energy confinement increases to H 98 -factors up to 1.3 and thereby exceeds the best values in the carbon-dominated AUG at the same density and collisionality. This improvement is due to higher edge temperatures rather than to peaking of the electron density profile. Higher temperatures are reached at the pedestal top leading, via profile stiffness, to an increase in the total plasma pressure. There is no change to in the plasma core. The dilution at the plasma edge by nitrogen seems to play an important role since it allows higher ion temperatures at the same edge ion pressure as in the unseeded case. The dilution of the core plasma remains moderate.
Evaluation of co‐culture as a method for selecting viable microinjected sheep embryos for transfer (1990)

Abstract Sheep embryos microinjected with DNA (RSVCAT:fusion gene of Rous Sarcoma Virus promoter and the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyl transferase structural gene) were co‐cultured for 3 days on a monolayer of sheep oviductal cells to determine if embryos damaged by microinjection could be rejected before transfer to surrogate mothers. Selection of embryos with 8 or more uniformly cleaving cells resulted in transfer of a larger percentage (P=0.001) of uninjected embryos (96%) than RSVCAT‐microinjected embryos (75%). Of the 77 RSVCAT embryos rejected for transfer, 52 had fewer than 8 cells while the remaining 25 had 8 or more cells. Lamb production rate for DNA‐microinjected embryos (7.3%) was slightly less (P=0.07) than for control embryos (11.3%). In another study, DNA‐microinjected embryos tended to develop less (P=0.07) when cultured for 3 days (26% to 8‐16 cells) than control eggs (41% to 8‐16 cells). In vitro cleavage of control co‐cultured and DNA microinjected embryos was less than that observed for embryos in superovulated ewes developing in vivo (17% to 8‐16 cells vs. 65% >16 cells).
Charnley total hip arthroplasty in ankylosing spondylitis: Survivorship analysis of 76 patients followed for 8-28 years (2001)

76 consecutive Charnley low friction hip arthroplasties were performed in 54 (37 men) patients with ankylosing spondylitis from 1971 to 1991 in the Rheumatism Foundation Hospital. Their mean age was 40 (16-67) years. They were followed until the end of 1999. The overall prosthesis survival was 80% at 10 years, 66% at 15 years and 62% at 20 years. The survival of the acetabular component was 91%, 77% and 73% at 10, 15 and 20 years and that of the femoral component 82%, 79% and 77%, respectively. We found no significant risk factor that predicted prosthesis survival.
Review of the 19th Asilomar conference on mass spectrometry: Bimolecular interactions: Identification and characterization of protein complexes (2004)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVConference ReviewNEXTReview of the 19th Asilomar conference on mass spectrometry: Bimolecular interactions: Identification and characterization of protein complexesJoseph A. LooJoseph A. LooUniversity of California, Los Angeles, CA, USAMore by Joseph A. Loo and Carol V. RobinsonCarol V. RobinsonCambridge University, Cambridge, UKMore by Carol V. RobinsonCite this: J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2004, 15, 5, 759–761Publication Date (Web):May 1, 2004Publication History Published online1 May 2004Published inissue 1 May 2004https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1016/j.jasms.2004.01.006https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasms.2004.01.006review-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2004 © American Society for Mass Spectrometry 2004Request reuse permissionsArticle Views4Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Ab initiomolecular dynamics study of hydrogen removal by ion–surface interactions (2005)

The energy dependence of surface reactions has been investigated through ab initio MD simulations for collisions between Al1+ and a gibbsite surface. No change in surface composition was observed for 0 eV initial kinetic energy of Al1+. An increase in energy to 3.5 eV resulted in extended surface migration of hydrogen, subsequent H2 formation and desorption from the surface. These results may be understood based on thermodynamics and an increase in entropy upon H2 formation. They are of fundamental importance for an increased understanding of thin film growth through the correlation between ion energy and film composition. They may also indicate a pathway to affect impurity incorporation during film growth.
Alternative possibilities for application of foamed silicate materials (2021)

Abstract: In summary form, some trends in the production and application of foamed silicate materials obtained from recycled waste materials are presented. The existing possibilities for the use of different fractions of foam glass granules for the preparation of various products (lightweight concrete, colored decorative panels, etc.) are considered. Experimental samples are prepared in which the average value of the thermal conductivity coefficient =0.24±0.13 W/m. K was established. The main technological factors determining the operational characteristics of the material and the existing potential prospects for their optimization are analyzed.
Corrigendum: Rhodium(I)‐Catalyzed Ene–Allene–Allene [2+2+2] Cycloadditions: Stereoselective Synthesis of Complex trans‐Fused Carbocycles (2013)

In Table 2 of this Communication, a wrong structure is shown for cycloadduct 9. The correct structure of cycloadduct 9 is depicted below and in the Supporting Information.1
Hepatic regulation of lymphocyte adhesion to, and activation on, syngeneic endothelial monolayers. (1994)

Endothelial monolayers were prepared from neonatal heart or liver tissue of Lewis (Le) rats. Cells in their first passage of culture were used to investigate the short-term (1 hr at 37 degrees) binding of 51Cr-labelled Le rat lymphocytes prepared from the mesenteric lymph node (MLN), peripheral lymph node (PLN) or Peyer's patches (PP) to those endothelia, or the activation by concanavalin A (Con A) or irradiated (Lewis x Brown Norway)F1 (LBNF1), of Le cells on the monolayers after 84 hr in culture. MLN and PP showed preferential binding to, and activation on, liver endothelium compared with heart endothelium (approximately twofold difference), while the converse was seen with PLN. No inhibition of binding was seen with antibodies to intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) or lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1). Preincubation of endothelial cells with plasma isolated from the portal or hepatic vein of normal adult mice (5% plasma, 37 degrees for 14 hr) caused a 1.5-2-fold stimulation of binding of MLN/PP to heart endothelium, which was inhibited (> or = 75%) by anti-ICAM-1 or anti-LFA-1, and a fourfold stimulation of binding to liver endothelium, which was not inhibited by these monoclonal antibodies (< or = 25% inhibition). In contrast, antibodies to tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) or interleukin-6 (IL-6) caused inhibition of activation of liver endothelium (> or = 75%), while producing little affect on activation of heart endothelium. Similar results were seen when lymphocyte activation on endothelial cells rather than adhesion cells was investigated. Our data suggest a heterogeneity in lymphocyte-endothelial interactions, which is further regulated, under physiological conditions, by the liver.
Hydroxyurea therapy requires HbF induction for clinical benefit in a sickle cell mouse model (2010)

Hydroxyurea has proven clinical efficacy in patients with sickle cell disease. Potential mechanisms for the beneficial effects include fetal hemoglobin induction and the reduction of cell adhesive properties, inflammation and hypercoagulability. Using a murine model of sickle cell disease in which fetal hemoglobin induction does not occur, we evaluated whether hydroxyurea administration would still yield improvements in hematologic parameters and reduce end-organ damage. Animals given a maximally tolerated dose of hydroxyurea that resulted in significant reductions in the neutrophil and platelet counts showed no improvement in hemolytic anemia and end-organ damage compared to control mice. In contrast, animals having high levels of fetal hemoglobin due to gene transfer with a gamma-globin lentiviral vector showed correction of anemia and organ damage. These data suggest that induction of fetal hemoglobin by hydroxyurea is an essential mechanism for its clinical benefits.
Introduction to the special issue in honour of Prof. John Kilner’s 75th birthday (2022)

Stephen Skinner, Viola Birss, Jennifer Rupp and Roger De Souza introduce the Journal of Materials Chemistry A special issue in honour of Prof. John Kilner’s 75th birthday.
Nanoscale laser patterning of thin gold films (2006)

Square grids of gold dots were prepared from several nanometer gold films by locally confined excimer laser ablation. Diffraction-mask projection laser ablation at a wavelength of 248 nm was used to convert Au films of 3, 6 and 9 nm thickness on sapphire substrates into well-ordered arrangements of substrate-adhered gold nanodots. Employing a checkerboard phase mask, gold-cap diameters between 75 and 115 nm can be obtained. The methodology allows simultaneous ablation of areas of ∼50 × 50 µm in about 1 s and, hence, represents a valuable supplement to the more laborious methods currently in use for the preparation of nanodot template patterns for, say, nanowire growth.
Terpenoids. XXXI.1 The Structure and Stereochemistry of Medicagenic Acid2 (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTerpenoids. XXXI.1 The Structure and Stereochemistry of Medicagenic Acid2Carl Djerassi, D. B. Thomas, A. L. Livingston, and C. Ray ThompsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79, 19, 5292–5297Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01576a057https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01576a057research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views158Altmetric-Citations54LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Self-Cleaning Photocatalytic Polyurethane Coatings Containing Modified C60 Fullerene Additives (2014)

Surfaces are often coated with paint for improved aesthetics and protection; however, additional functionalities that impart continuous self-decontaminating and self-cleaning properties would be extremely advantageous. In this report, photochemical additives based on C60 fullerene were incorporated into polyurethane coatings to investigate their coating compatibility and ability to impart chemical decontaminating capability to the coating surface. C60 exhibits unique photophysical properties, including the capability to generate singlet oxygen upon exposure to visible light; however, C60 fullerene exhibits poor solubility in solvents commonly employed in coating applications. A modified C60 containing a hydrophilic moiety was synthesized to improve polyurethane compatibility and facilitate segregation to the polymer–air interface. Bulk properties of the polyurethane films were analyzed to investigate additive–coating compatibility. Coatings containing photoactive additives were subjected to self-decontamination challenges against representative chemical contaminants and the effects of additive loading concentration, light exposure, and time on chemical decontamination are reported. Covalent attachment of an ethylene glycol tail to C60 improved its solubility and dispersion in a hydrophobic polyurethane matrix. Decomposition products resulting from oxidation were observed in addition to a direct correlation between additive loading concentration and decomposition of surface-residing contaminants. The degradation pathways deduced from contaminant challenge byproduct analyses are detailed.