gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Role of Chance in Fencing Tournaments: an Agent-Based Approach (2022)

Abstract It is a widespread belief that success is mainly due to innate qualities, rather than to external forces.This is particularly true in sport competitions, where individual talent is usually considered the main, if not the only, ingredient in order to reach success. In this study, with the help of both real data and agent-based simulations, we explore the limits of this belief by quantifying the relative weight of talent and chance in fencing, a combat sport involving a weapon. Fencing competitions are structured as direct elimination tournaments, where randomness is explicitly present in some rules. Our dataset covers the last decade of international events and consists of both single competition results and annual rankings for male and female fencers under 20 years old (Junior category). Our model is calibrated on the dataset and parametrized by just one free variable 'a' describing the importance of talent - and, consequently, of chance - in competitions (a = 1 indicates the ideal scenario where only talent matters, a = 0 the complete random one). Our agent-based approach is able to reproduce the main stylized facts observed in real data, at the level of both single fencing tournaments and entire careers of a given community of fencers. We find that simulations approximate very well the real data for both Junior Men and Women when talent weights slightly less than chance, i.e. when 'a' is around 0.45. We conclude that the role of chance in fencing is unusually high and it probably represents an extreme case for individual sports. Our results shed light on the importance of external factors in both athletes' results in single tournaments and their entire career, making even more unfair the ``winner-takes-all'' disparities in remuneration which often occur among the winner and the other classified.
3‐Hydroxy‐1,5‐dihydro‐pyrrol‐2‐one Derivatives (IV) as Advanced Inhibitors of HIV Integrase. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Effects of dietary humic substances on pig growth performance, carcass characteristics, and ammonia emission1 (2006)

Five experiments were conducted to test the effects of various dietary humic substances (HS; HS1, 2, 3, and 4, each with different fulvic and humic acid contents) on pig growth, carcass characteristics, and ammonia emission from manure. In Exp. 1, 120 pigs were allotted to 3 dietary treatments without HS (control) or with HS1 at 0.5 and 1.0% (8 pens/treatment and 5 pigs/pen) and fed diets, based on a 5-phase feeding program, from weaning (d 21.3 +/- 0.3 of age) to 60 kg of BW. In Exp. 2 and 3, 384 pigs (192 for each experiment) were allotted to 3 dietary treatments without HS, with HS1, or with HS2 (0.5%) for Exp. 2 and without HS, or with HS3 or HS4 (0.5%) for Exp. 3 (8 pens/treatment and 8 pigs/pen in each experiment). Pigs were fed diets, based on a 6-phase feeding program, from weaning (25.4 +/-0.2 and 23.6 +/-0.3 d of age for Exp. 2 and 3, respectively) to 110 kg of BW. In Exp. 4, 96 pigs were weaned at 22.1 +/-0.2 d of age and allotted to 2 treatments without or with HS1 at 0.5% (6 pens/treatment and 8 pigs/pen), and in Exp. 5 96 pigs were weaned at 20.9 +/-0.3 d of age and allotted to 3 treatments without HS, or with HS3 or HS4 (0.5%; 4 pens/treatment and 8 pigs/pen). Pigs were fed the diets for at least 2 wk before they were moved to an environmental chamber to measure aerial ammonia and hydrogen sulfide for 48 h at 5-min intervals. In Exp. 1, pigs fed diets with HS1 at 0.5% had greater (P < 0.05) ADG during phase 3 and greater (P < 0.05) G:F during phases 3 and 5 than control pigs. In Exp. 2, pigs fed diets with HS1 or HS2 at 0.5% had greater (P < 0.05) ADG and G:F than control pigs during the entire feeding period, whereas in Exp. 3 HS3 or HS4 did not improve pig growth performance. Ammonia emission from manure was reduced by 18 or 16% when pigs were fed diets with HS1 (P = 0.067) or HS4 (P = 0.054), respectively. The results of this study indicate that the effects of dietary HS are variable but may improve growth performance of pigs and reduce ammonia emission from manure. Further research is needed to clarify these effects and the mechanisms by which HS may cause them.
Miglustat‐induced intestinal carbohydrate malabsorption is due to the inhibition of α‐glucosidases, but not β‐galactosidases (2012)

Miglustat is an oral medication that has approved indication for type I Gaucher disease and Niemann pick disease type C. Usually treatment with Miglustat is associated with occurrence of gastrointestinal side effects similar to carbohydrate maldigestion symptoms. Here, we studied the direct influence of Miglustat on the enzymatic function of the major disaccharidases of the intestinal epithelium. Our findings show that an immediate effect of Miglustat is its interference with carbohydrate digestion in the intestinal lumen via reversible inhibition of disaccharidases that cleave α-glycosidically linked carbohydrates. Higher non physiological concentrations of Miglustat can partly affect lactase activity. We further show that the inhibition of the disaccharidases function by Miglustat is mainly competitive and does not occur via alteration of the enzyme folding.
Synthetic linear and cyclic glucagon antagonists (1993)

The synthesis and biological activities of seven new glucagon analogues are reported. The design of compounds 2-5 is based on potent antagonists recently reported from this laboratory, where we have focused on modifications in the N-terminal region. In this report we have concentrated specifically on modifications to histidine-1. In addition we have prepared two cyclic compounds 7 and 8, related to a linear in vivo antagonist [Glu9]glucagon, reported by Merrifield (Unson et al. (1987) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84, 4083-4087). The N-terminal modifications involved substitution of His1 by the unnatural conformationally constrained residue (S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5-oxoimidazo(1,5-c)pyrimidine-7-carboxylic acid (Toc), desaminohistidine (dHis) and 3-(4-nitrobenzyl)histidine. The structures of the new compounds are as follows. [Toc1,D-Phe4,Tyr5,Arg12,Lys17,18,Glu21]glucagon (2); [Toc1,D-Phe4,Tyr5,Arg12,Lys17,18,Glu21]glucagon amide (3); [3-(4-nitrobenzyl)His1,D-Phe4,Tyr5,Arg12,Lys17,18,G lu21]glucagon (4); [dHis1,D-Phe4,Tyr5,Arg12,Lys17,18,Glu21]glucagon (5); [dHis1,Glu9]glucagon (6); (desHis1)[Glu9,Lys12]glucagon amide (7); (desHis1)-[Glu9,Lys12,Asp15]glucagon amide (8). The binding potencies of the linear analogues, as expressed a percentage of glucagon binding, are 2.6 (2), 0.13 (3), 0.8 (4), 0.8 (5), 2.2 (6). Both cyclic analogues 7 and 8 show biphasic binding curves. The IC50 values for 7 at the high and low affinity sites are 1.5 and 167 nM, respectively (IC50 of glucagon = 1.3 nM). The IC50 values for 8 at the high and low affinity sites are 4.7 and 3451 nM, respectively. The cyclic analogues are characterized by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry of endoproteinase ASP-N digests. The specificity of the enzyme used in these studies enables differentiation of isomers of the cyclic glucagon analogues which differ only in the position of cyclic amide bond. Analogues 2, 3 and 5-8 are glucagon receptor antagonists with respect to the glucagon receptor coupled to the adenylate cyclase (AC) system. Analogue 4 is a partial agonist (5.7% compared to glucagon) of AC. Introduction of unusual amino acids which do not contain a primary alpha-amino group such as Toc at the N-terminus is expected to increase in vivo metabolic stability by protecting against degradation by aminopeptidases.
CRISPR Technology for Genome Activation and Repression in Mammalian Cells (2016)

Targeted modulation of transcription is necessary for understanding complex gene networks and has great potential for medical and industrial applications. CRISPR is emerging as a powerful system for targeted genome activation and repression, in addition to its use in genome editing. This protocol describes how to design, construct, and experimentally validate the function of sequence-specific single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) for sequence-specific repression (CRISPRi) or activation (CRISPRa) of transcription in mammalian cells. In this technology, the CRISPR-associated protein Cas9 is catalytically deactivated (dCas9) to provide a general platform for RNA-guided DNA targeting of any locus in the genome. Fusion of dCas9 to effector domains with distinct regulatory functions enables stable and efficient transcriptional repression or activation in mammalian cells. Delivery of multiple sgRNAs further enables activation or repression of multiple genes. By using scaffold RNAs (scRNAs), different effectors can be recruited to different genes for simultaneous activation of some and repression of others. The CRISPRi and CRISPRa methods provide powerful tools for sequence-specific control of gene expression on a genome-wide scale to aid understanding gene functions and for engineering genetic regulatory systems.
Detecting Deadlocks in Concurrent Systems (1996)

&lt;p&gt;We use a geometric description for deadlocks occurring in scheduling&lt;br /&gt;problems for concurrent systems to construct a partial order and hence a directed graph, in which the local maxima correspond to deadlocks. Algorithms finding deadlocks are described and assessed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Keywords: deadlock, partial order, search algorithm, concurrency, distributed&lt;br /&gt;systems.&lt;/p&gt;
Electron-Beam Irradiation Effects on Phytochemical Constituents and Antioxidant Capacity of Pecan Kernels [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] During Storage (2009)

Pecans kernels (Kanza and Desirable cultivars) were irradiated with 0, 1.5, and 3.0 kGy using electron-beam (E-beam) irradiation and stored under accelerated conditions [40 degrees C and 55-60% relative humidity (RH)] for 134 days. Antioxidant capacity (AC) using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays, phenolic (TP) and condensed tannin (CT) content, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) phenolic profile, tocopherol content, peroxide value (PV), and fatty acid profiles were determined during storage. Irradiation decreased TP and CT with no major detrimental effects in AC. Phenolic profiles after hydrolysis were similar among treatments (e.g., gallic and ellagic acid, catechin, and epicatechin). Tocopherol content decreased with irradiation (>21 days), and PV increased at later stages (>55 days), with no change in fatty acid composition among treatments. Color lightness decreased, and a reddish brown hue developed during storage. A proposed mechanism of kernel oxidation is presented, describing the events taking place. In general, E-beam irradiation had slight effects on phytochemical constituents and could be considered a potential tool for pecan kernel decontamination.
Hyperbolic Cooling Tower Dynamic Response to Wind (1978)

The dynamic response of a hyperbolic cooling tower experiencing a wind loading is determined by a finite element method of analysis using a step-by-step numerical method of timewise integration. Using as the forcing function the actual recorded wind pressures neasured by transducers installed about the throat of the Martin's Creek tower, the tower's dynamic response is determined and compared to its quasistatic response.
Arabidopsis Mutants Selected for Resistance to the Phytotoxin Coronatine Are Male Sterile, Insensitive to Methyl Jasmonate, and Resistant to a Bacterial Pathogen (1994)

Bart J. F. Feys, Celso E. Benedetti, Christopher N. Penfold, John G. Turner, Arabidopsis Mutants Selected for Resistance to the Phytotoxin Coronatine Are Male Sterile, Insensitive to Methyl Jasmonate, and Resistant to a Bacterial Pathogen, The Plant Cell, Vol. 6, No. 5 (May, 1994), pp. 751-759
Efficient Zero-Forcing Based Interference Coordination for MISO Networks (2011)

We consider coordination of transmission strategies in interference networks, where multiple antennas at the transmitters can be used to adjust the spatial signature of the transmitted signal. For single antenna receivers the interference power received can be constraint by so-called interference temperatures, which can be used to coordinate the amount of interference in the network. We recapitulate recent research results on this topic and discuss methods to select interference temperatures that lead to performance gains compared to uncoordinated transmission. A special configuration is to demand interference to be completely eliminated, so-called zero-forcing. Methods based on zero-forcing allow for simple computation of the transmit strategies, while for general temperatures iterative algorithms are required. Strictly enforcing completely orthogonalized transmission drastically reduces the number of active users in the network and is therefore too restrictive for larger networks. We suggest an efficient algorithm that enforces orthogonal transmission only in part, which leads to an increased number of users and significant performance gains, while maintaining the low complex computation of the transmit strategies. The method is based on successive user allocation, that avoids an exhaustive search for the active user set and the user transmitter pairs for which interference should be eliminated.
C -axis texture of high-rate-sputtered Nd 2 Fe 14 B thin films: independence of sheet texture of Mo underlayer (2022)

Abstract In this study, we investigated the effects of the sheet texture of the Mo underlayer on the c -axis texture of the high-rate-sputtered Nd 2 Fe 14 B phase. The magnetic properties revealed that the squareness of the Nd–Fe–B magnetic layer did not depend on the sheet texture of the Mo underlayer but on the substrate temperature: large squareness was obtained when the magnetic layer was sputtered at high substrate temperature above 500 °C. In-plane X-ray diffraction measurements indicated that the intensity of diffraction from the Nd 2 Fe 14 B (410) plane did not depend on the sheet texture of the Mo underlayer but on the substrate temperature: high intensity was obtained when the magnetic layer was sputtered at above 500 °C, which was consistent with magnetic properties. These results support that the c -axis texture of the high-rate-sputtered magnetic layer was driven by the c plane with the lowest surface energy among the crystal planes in the Nd 2 Fe 14 B phase.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of Novel Mitomycin Derivatives Containing Functional Groups at the C‐6‐Methyl Position. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
An immune-based tool platform for in vivo cell clearance (2023)

Immunological targeting of pathological cells has been successful in oncology and is expanding to other pathobiological contexts. Here, we present a flexible platform that allows labeling cells of interest with the surface-expressed model antigen ovalbumin (OVA), which can be eliminated via either antigen-specific T cells or newly developed OVA antibodies. We demonstrate that hepatocytes can be effectively targeted by either modality. In contrast, pro-fibrotic fibroblasts associated with pulmonary fibrosis are only eliminated by T cells in initial experiments, which reduced collagen deposition in a fibrosis model. This new experimental platform will facilitate development of immune-based approaches to clear potential pathological cell types in vivo.
Investigation of surface crystallites on C54 titanium silicide thin films using transmission electron microscopy (2008)

This paper discusses the occurrence of crystallites on the surface of low resistivity C54 titanium silicide thin films, which will influence the estimation of contact resistance in multi-layer ohmic contacts. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy analysis indicates the existence of a uniform thin film with crystallites on the surface at regular intervals increasing surface roughness. Jump ratio maps and hollow cone dark field imaging have shown that the crystallites have the same composition and orientation as the underlying micron-sized grains.
A new "series-type" Doherty amplifier for miniaturization (2005)

A new topology of Doherty amplifier is proposed to reduce the circuit size by eliminating the bulky 3 dB 90/spl deg/ hybrid coupler. Unlike the classical Doherty amplifier, the carrier and peak amplifiers are connected in series together with an impedance-inverting network connecting the outputs of both amplifiers. A simple matching circuit between the peak and carrier amplifier replaces the input hybrid coupler. In this way, the need for an input hybrid coupler is eliminated, facilitating integration and miniaturization. The fabricated 2.45 GHz amplifier module using the proposed topology demonstrates enhanced efficiencies in the low- to mid-power ranges and shows good gain flatness. This approach is promising for highly-integrated Doherty-type amplifiers for handset applications.
Business Process Redesign: Theory and Practice (2001)

In May 1998 Purdue University began a business process redesign project focused on improving the universitys procurement practices. The projects goal was to improve the procurement process, considering all goods and services required by a university employee to do his or her job. The university employs more than 10,000 staff and faculty. Since inception, the project team has completed preliminary analysis, chosen a product for use to implement the new process, and has begun a phased deployment to the university community. Using Purdues Procurement Redesign Project as a case study, this paper will explore how traditional methods of process redesign must be tailored to work for non-profit organizations in general and particularly for higher education. The primary goal is to explore how the theories of Business Process Redesign must be adjusted when applied in non-standard environments. This paper was written while the primary author was working as a developer on the project as well as enrolled in courses exploring the intersection of business and technology.
Enhanced photoluminescence of InAs self-assembled quantum dots grown by molecular-beam epitaxy using a “nucleation-augmented” method (2004)

A two-stage “nucleation-augmented” growth method for producing InAs self-assembled quantum dots (QDs) using molecular-beam epitaxy on GaAs (100) substrates has been investigated in detail. Photoluminescence (PL) measurements show that a 1.8-monolayer-(MLs) InAs QD “nucleation” layer grown at a fast rate, followed by a 2.6-MLs-InAs “augmented” layer grown under pulsed conditions at a slow rate, dramatically increases the dot density and improves the PL intensity for the InAs QDs. It was found that, when the effective growth rate of the InAs augmented layer was reduced, the PL peak emission shifts to a longer wavelength and the PL intensity is enhanced. These changes in characteristics were attributed to improved optical quality and greater dot density.
Research of Information Retrieval Model Based on Semantic Web (2010)

An information retrieval model is proposed based on semantic Web.Model can be able to implement the Web information retrieval accurately and effectively,and overcome the limitations of traditional information retrieval.The basic concept of semantic Web,ontology and the full text retrieval technology of Lucene are introduce,then described the details of the six modules of our model,in which use the Jena querying and reasoning technology for query expansion on the basic of ontology,and establish the index using the Lucene,and improved the sorting algorithm to meet the users' need.
Genome-Wide Transcriptional Response of Silkworm (Bombyx mori) to Infection by the Microsporidian Nosema bombycis (2013)

Microsporidia have attracted much attention because they infect a variety of species ranging from protists to mammals, including immunocompromised patients with AIDS or cancer. Aside from the study on Nosema ceranae, few works have focused on elucidating the mechanism in host response to microsporidia infection. Nosema bombycis is a pathogen of silkworm pébrine that causes great economic losses to the silkworm industry. Detailed understanding of the host (Bombyx mori) response to infection by N. bombycis is helpful for prevention of this disease. A genome-wide survey of the gene expression profile at 2, 4, 6 and 8 days post-infection by N. bombycis was performed and results showed that 64, 244, 1,328, 1,887 genes were induced, respectively. Up to 124 genes, which are involved in basal metabolism pathways, were modulated. Notably, B. mori genes that play a role in juvenile hormone synthesis and metabolism pathways were induced, suggesting that the host may accumulate JH as a response to infection. Interestingly, N. bombycis can inhibit the silkworm serine protease cascade melanization pathway in hemolymph, which may be due to the secretion of serpins in the microsporidia. N. bombycis also induced up-regulation of several cellular immune factors, in which CTL11 has been suggested to be involved in both spore recognition and immune signal transduction. Microarray and real-time PCR analysis indicated the activation of silkworm Toll and JAK/STAT pathways. The notable up-regulation of antimicrobial peptides, including gloverins, lebocins and moricins, strongly indicated that antimicrobial peptide defense mechanisms were triggered to resist the invasive microsporidia. An analysis of N. bombycis-specific response factors suggested their important roles in anti-microsporidia defense. Overall, this study primarily provides insight into the potential molecular mechanisms for the host-parasite interaction between B. mori and N. bombycis and may provide a foundation for further work on host-parasite interaction between insects and microsporidia.
Error mitigation with Clifford quantum-circuit data (2021)

Achieving near-term quantum advantage will require accurate estimation of quantum observables despite significant hardware noise. For this purpose, we propose a novel, scalable error-mitigation method that applies to gate-based quantum computers. The method generates training data <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mml:mo><mml:msubsup><mml:mi>X</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi><mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"><mml:mtext>noisy</mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:msubsup><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:msubsup><mml:mi>X</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi><mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"><mml:mtext>exact</mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:msubsup><mml:mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mml:mo></mml:math> via quantum circuits composed largely of Clifford gates, which can be efficiently simulated classically, where <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msubsup><mml:mi>X</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi><mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"><mml:mtext>noisy</mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:msubsup></mml:math> and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msubsup><mml:mi>X</mml:mi><mml:mi>i</mml:mi><mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"><mml:mtext>exact</mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:msubsup></mml:math> are noisy and noiseless observables respectively. Fitting a linear ansatz to this data then allows for the prediction of noise-free observables for arbitrary circuits. We analyze the performance of our method versus the number of qubits, circuit depth, and number of non-Clifford gates. We obtain an order-of-magnitude error reduction for a ground-state energy problem on 16 qubits in an IBMQ quantum computer and on a 64-qubit noisy simulator.