gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SEM image contouring for OPC model calibration and verification (2007)

Lithography models for leading-edge OPC and design verification must be calibrated with empirical data, and this data is traditionally collected as a one-dimensional quantification of the features acquired by a CD-SEM. Two-dimensional proximity features such as line-end, bar-to-bar, or bar-to-line are only partially characterized because of the difficulty in transferring the complete information of a SEM image into the OPC model building process. A new method of two-dimensional measurement uses the contouring of large numbers of SEM images acquired within the context of a design based metrology system to drive improvement in the quality of the final calibrated model. Hitachi High-Technologies has continued to develop "full automated EPE measurement and contouring function" based on design layout and detected edges of SEM image. This function can measure edge placement error everywhere in a SEM image and pass the result as a design layout (GDSII) into Mentor Graphics model calibration flow. Classification of the critical design elements using tagging scripts is used to weight the critical contours in the evaluation of model fitness. During process of placement of the detected SEM edges of into the coordinate system of the design, coordinate errors inevitably are introduced because of pattern matching errors. Also, line edge roughness in 2D features introduces noise that is large compared to the model building accuracy requirements of advanced technology nodes. This required the development of contour averaging algorithms. Contours from multiple SEM images are acquired of a feature and averaged before passing into the model calibration. This function has been incorporated into the prototype Calibre Workbench model calibration flow. Based on these methods, experimental data is presented detailing the model accuracy of a 45nm immersion lithography process using traditional 1D calibration only, and a hybrid model calibration using SEM image contours and 1D measurement results. Error sources in the contouring are assessed and reported on including systematic and random variation in the contouring results.
Blood group O: A novel risk factor for increased postpartum blood loss? (2018)

This is the first study reporting significantly increased blood loss following delivery in women with blood group O after adjustment for major risk factors for postpartum blood loss. Albeit having a statistically significant, but clinically minor effect on absolute blood loss, blood group O carriers may suffer from aggravated bleeding in the presence of additional obstetric bleeding pathologies.
Artificially Reprogrammed Macrophages as Tumor‐Tropic Immunosuppression‐Resistant Biologics to Realize Therapeutics Production and Immune Activation (2019)

To engineer patient-derived cells into therapy-purposed biologics is a promising solution to realize personalized treatments. Without using gene-editing technology, a live cell-typed therapeutic is engineered for tumor treatment by artificially reprogramming macrophages with hyaluronic acid-decorated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (HIONs). This nanoparticle-assisted cell-reprogramming strategy demonstrates profound advantages, due to the combined contributions from the biological regulation of HIONs and the intrinsic nature of macrophages. Firstly, the reprogrammed macrophages present a substantial improvement in their innate capabilities, such as more effective tumor targeting and more efficient generation of bioactive components (e.g., reactive oxygen species, bioactive cytokines) to suppress tumor growth. Furthermore, this cell therapeutic exhibits cytostatic/proapoptotic effects specific to cancer cells. Secondly, HIONs enable macrophages more resistant to the intratumoral immunosuppressive environment. Thirdly, the macrophages are endowed with a strong ability to prime in situ protumoral M2 macrophages into antitumor M1 phenotype in a paracrine-like manner. Consequently, a synergistic tumor-inhibition effect is achieved. This study shows that engineering nanomaterial-reprogrammed live cells as therapeutic biologics may be a more preferable option to the commonly used approaches where nanomaterials are administrated to induce bioresponse of certain cells in vivo.
NALP3 and CARD8 genetic polymorphisms and antituberculosis-drugs induced hepatitis (2011)

Backgrounds: Genetic susceptibility to the development of antituberculosis drugs (ATD)-induced hepatitis is poorly understood yet. The NALP3 inflammasomes, which sense danger signals and produce IL-1β, may contribute to the initiation of inflammatory response and ATD-induced hepatitis. We examined if the polymorphisms in NALP3 inflammasome genes ( NLRP3 and CARD8 ) are associated with ATD-induced hepatitis. Methods: We enrolled 80 patients with ATD-induced hepatitis and 238 ATD-tolerant subjects. DNA was isolated from whole blood and genotyped for the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in NLRP3 and CARD8 . Genotype frequencies of SNPs and haploptyes were compared between patients with ATD-induced hepatitis and ATD-tolerant patients. Results: Of seven SNPs of NALP3 (rs35829419, rs4612666, rs10754558, rs4353135, rs55646866, rs72655377 and rs10733113), there was no significant association with ATD-induced hepatitis. Analysis of NALP3 haplotypes found no significant relationship with ATD-induced hepatitis. C10X of CARD8 (rs2043211) was not associated with the risk of ATD-induced hepatitis. Conclusions: These findings indicate that NALP3 and CARD8 genetic polymorphisms are not associated with the development of ATD-induced hepatitis in Korean population, and suggest that NALP3 inflammasome do not play important roles in the pathogenesis of ATD-induced hepatitis.
Antiaggregant and antivasospastic properties of the new thromboxane A2 receptor antagonist sodium 4-[[1-[[[(4-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl]amino]methyl]cyclopentyl] methyl]benzeneacetate. (1994)

LCB 2853 (sodium 4-[[1-[[[(4-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl]amino]methyl]cyclopentyl] methyl]benzeneacetate, CAS 141335-11-7) was demonstrated to be a potent thromboxane A2/prostaglandin H2 (TXA2/PGH2) receptor antagonist in in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo experiments. The specific mechanism of action was studied in [3H]SQ 29548 receptor binding studies (pKi = 7.93) and was shown to be of competitive nature in U 46619-induced platelet aggregation (pA2 = 6.82). TXA2-dependent platelet rich plasma (PRP) aggregation (U 46619, arachidonic acid (AA), collagen, ADP or serotonin second phase) was inhibited in vitro in humans (IC50:0.037-0.65 mumol/l) and different animal species, as well as ex vivo i.v. rat and p.o. guinea-pig AA-induced aggregation (ED50 = 48 and 57 micrograms/kg). The U 46619-induced contractions of aorta, caudal artery and trachea were inhibited in a dose-dependent way (IC50 = 0.07, 0.02 and 0.5 mumol/l respectively). In vivo, both against platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction, LCB 2853 showed an ED50 lower than 1 mg/kg i.v. in rat AA-induced thrombocytopenia or U 46619-induced hypertension (ED50 = 0.25 and 0.16 mg/kg) as well as in AA-induced sudden death in the mouse (ED50 = 0.44 mg/kg). The U 46619-induced bronchoconstriction was blocked after i.v. administration of LCB 2853 (ED50 = 18.4 micrograms/kg). The duration of action observed in different models was 6 h by oral route and between 3 and 5 h by intravenous route. These properties in TXA2-dependent models led to further investigations of the antithrombotic activity of this novel TXA2 antagonist.
High Quality Audit Committee-Internal Auditor Relationship – How to Establish One? (2019)

Corporate governance codes and internal auditing standards released around the globe emphasized the importance of high quality audit committee-internal auditor relationship. Accumulating academic research output (eg. Cohen, krishnamoorthy and Wright, 2007; Van-Peursem, 2005) further reinforce the benefits of such relationship towards the firm's, particularly in ensuring firm's financial reporting quality, utilizing materials grounded in auditing and organizational psychological literature, this paper attempts to (i) conceptually define the quality of audit committee-internal auditor relationships and (ii) suggests practical approaches in ensuring high quality relationship could be established in public listed companies.
The regulation of catalase activity by PPAR γ is affected by α ‐synuclein (2014)

Our results suggest that α-Syn expression may interfere with the complex and overlapping network of nuclear receptors transcription activation. In result, catalase activity is affected through mechanisms involved in the regulation of soluble α-Syn oligomers.
Histamine H4 receptor mediates eosinophil chemotaxis with cell shape change and adhesion molecule upregulation (2004)

1. During mast cell degranulation, histamine is released in large quantities. Human eosinophils were found to express histamine H(4) but not H(3) receptors. The possible effects of histamine on eosinophils and the receptor mediating these effects were investigated in our studies. 2. Histamine (0.01-30 microm) induced a rapid and transient cell shape change in human eosinophils, but had no effects on neutrophils. The maximal shape change was at 0.3 microm histamine with EC(50) at 19 nm. After 60 min incubation with 1 microm histamine, eosinophils were desensitized and were refractory to shape change response upon histamine restimulation. Histamine (0.01-1 microm) also enhanced the eosinophil shape change induced by other chemokines. 3. Histamine-induced eosinophil shape change was mediated by the H(4) receptor. This effect was completely inhibited by H(4) receptor-specific antagonist JNJ 7777120 (IC(50) 0.3 microm) and H(3)/H(4) receptor antagonist thioperamide (IC(50) 1.4 microm), but not by selective H(1), H(2) or H(3) receptor antagonists. H(4) receptor agonists imetit (EC(50) 25 nm) and clobenpropit (EC(50) 72 nm) could mimic histamine effect in inducing eosinophil shape change. 4. Histamine (0.01-100 microm) induced upregulation of adhesion molecules CD11b/CD18 (Mac-1) and CD54 (ICAM-1) on eosinophils. This effect was mediated by the H(4) receptor and could be blocked by H(4) receptor antagonists JNJ 7777120 and thioperamide. 5. Histamine (0.01-10 microm) induced eosinophil chemotaxis with an EC(50) of 83 nm. This effect was mediated by the H(4) receptor and could be blocked by H(4) receptor antagonists JNJ 7777120 (IC(50) 86 nm) and thioperamide (IC(50) 519 nm). Histamine (0.5 microm) also enhanced the eosinophil shape change induced by other chemokines. 6. In conclusion, we have demonstrated a new mechanism of eosinophil recruitment driven by mast cells via the release of histamine. Using specific histamine receptor ligands, we have provided a definitive proof that the H(4) receptor mediates eosinophil chemotaxis, cell shape change and upregulation of adhesion molecules. The effect of H(4) receptor antagonists in blocking eosinophil infiltration could be valuable for the treatment of allergic diseases. The histamine-induced shape change and upregulation of adhesion molecules on eosinophils can serve as biomarkers for clinical studies of H(4) receptor antagonists.
Beyond Usual Care: A Multidisciplinary Approach Towards the Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (2022)

Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA) is common and characterised by repeated apnoeas and hypopnoeas while asleep due to collapse of the upper airway. OSA can have a significant impact on physical and mental health and, when left untreated, is associated with increased risk of developing cardiovascular ill health. Besides cardiorespiratory implications excessive daytime sleepiness, morning headaches, limited memory function and lack of concentration are some further symptoms caused by OSA. Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) therapy is the evidence-based treatment to maintain upper airway patency in patients with moderate to severe OSA. Proper adherence to CPAP therapy successfully abolishes nocturnal apnoeas and hypopnoeas, and diminishes consequences of uncontrolled OSA, such as treatment resistant hypertension. However, long term adherence to CPAP remains an unresolved limitation of this method. Although alternatives to CPAP therapy may be less efficacious, there is a variety of non-CPAP treatments that includes conventional lifestyle advice, postural advice, the use of mandibular advancement devices (MADs), surgical treatment options, such as uvulopalatopharyngoplasty, tonsillectomy, or maxillomandibular advancement, and the use of electrical stimulation of the upper airway dilator muscles. Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation is available as an invasive (HNS) and a transcutaneous (TESLA) approach. For the management of "difficult-to-treat" patients with OSA, particularly in those in whom first line therapy proved to be unsuccessful, a multidisciplinary team approach may be helpful to incorporate the available options of non-CPAP therapy and provide appropriate choices. Symptom control, patient-related outcome measures and long-term cardiovascular health should be prioritised when choosing long-term therapies to treat OSA. The inclusion of patients in the choice of successful management options of their condition will facilitate better long-term adherence. Advancing clinical trials in the field will further help to resolve the relative lack of evidence for effective non-CPAP methods.
Vacuum Spray Method for Semiconductor Polymer Thin Film Preparation (2006)

ABSTRACT Semiconductor polymers poly(3-dodecylthiophene-2,5-diyl), regioregular (PDDT) and poly[2,5-bis(octyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (BO-PPV) are prepared by thin films by a spray method under vacuum. The formation process and properties of these polymer thin films are described. The dilute solution was used to prepare thin film by this method; annealing the semiconductor polymer thin film under vacuum would highly increase their surface smoothness.
Propagation and Imaging of Mechanical Waves in a Highly Stressed Single-Mode Acoustic Waveguide (2019)

Acoustic waveguides are crucial elements for acoustic circuitry. The multimode nature of conventional acoustic waveguides is a limiting factor of their scalability, as the multimode propagation causes significant losses. This study shows how using a membrane-based acoustic waveguide makes it is possible to eliminate all but the out-of-plane modes, in a similar manner as microwave waveguides. Additionally, stressing this membrane also reduces propagation losses. These waveguides could become important in the development of an acoustic-circuit platform.
Crystal structure of 3α,4α-4’,5’-diphenyl-3-(phenylsulfonyl)- 1R-[1α,2(4’R*,5’R*)-spiro]bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,2’[1,3]dioxolane, [(C6H5SO2)C7H7][C2H2O2(C6H5)2] (2000)

Table 1. Data collection and handling. Crystal:
Colorimetric quantification of galactose using a nanostructured multi-catalyst system entrapping galactose oxidase and magnetic nanoparticles as peroxidase mimetics (2012)

A colorimetric method for quantification of galactose, which utilizes a nanostructured multi-catalyst system consisting of Fe(3)O(4) magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and galactose oxidase (Gal Ox) simultaneously entrapped in large pore sized mesocellular silica, is described. Gal Ox, immobilized in a silica matrix, promotes reaction of galactose to generate H(2)O(2) that subsequently activates MNPs in silica mesopores to convert a colorimetric substrate into a colored product. By using this colorimetric method, galactose can be specifically detected. Along with excellent reusability via application of simple magnetic capturing, enhanced operational stability was achieved by employing a cross-linked enzyme aggregate (CLEA) method for Gal Ox immobilization. This protocol leads to effective prevention of enzyme leaching from the pores of mesocellular silica. The analytical utility of the new colorimetric biosensor was demonstrated by its use in diagnosing galactosemia, a genetic metabolic disorder characterized by the inability to utilize galactose, through analysis of clinical dried blood spot specimens. A microscale well-plate format was employed that possesses a multiplexing capability. The multi-catalyst system entrapping Gal Ox and MNPs represents a new approach for rapid, convenient, and cost-effective quantification of galactose in human blood and it holds promise as an alternative method for galactosemia diagnosis, replacing the laborious procedures that are currently in use.
Digital Compensation Techniques for Power Amplifiers in Radio Transmitters (2017)

Power amplifiers (PAs) are vital components in radio transmitters because they are responsible to amplify the low power communication signals to power levels suitable for transmission. Important requirements of PAs are high efficiency and linearity. Unfortunately, there is a tradeoff between efficiency and linearity. In order to satisfy both requirements, designers prefer to prioritize the efficiency in the design process while the linearity is taken care of later using external linearization techniques. Among the linearization techniques proposed in the literature, digital predistortion (DPD) has drawn a large attention of the industrial and academic sectors because it can provide a good compromise between linearity, implementation complexity and efficiency. This thesis treats different aspects related to the compensation of PA nonlinear distortion through DPD.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;One issue in the synthesis of DPD is that the optimal output from a predistorter is unknown. To overcome this problem, the concept of iterative learning control (ILC) for the linearization of PAs is introduced. An ILC scheme is derived that is able to identify the optimal predistorted signal that linearizes a PA. Based on the ILC framework, a novel approach to derive model structures for digital predistorters is proposed.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Techniques to identify the parameters of digital predistorters have been developed. Three parameter identification techniques based on ILC have been proposed: an offline technique that can be used for research purposes to select proper models for predistorters, an adaptive technique that is able to achieve better performance than conventional identification techniques used in DPD, and an identification technique that allows us to estimate the predistorter parameter using only one of the in-phase/quadrature (IQ) components of the PA output signal. The issue of gain normalization in ILA has been investigated. A variant to ILA that eliminates the need for a normalization gain and simplifies the DPD synthesis is proposed.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Performance limits on PA linearization has also been investigated and an expression for the lower bound for the normalized mean square error (NMSE) performance has been derived.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The improved linearity performance achieved through the techniques developed in this thesis can enable a better utilization of the potential performance of existing and emerging highly efficiency PAs, and are therefore expected to have an impact in future wireless communication systems.
Novel modulation scheme for optical continuous-phase frequency-shift keying (2005)

We propose a novel scheme for continuous-phase frequency-shift-keying (CP-FSK) optical modulation. By synchronizing the baseband signal with the clock for sideband generation, external CP-FSK modulation is demonstrated at 10 Gbit/s for the first time.
Solid-state wide-range low power camera timer for space applications (1967)

This paper describes a device for timing sequentially 8 film exposures of a rocket-borne camera with a time interval between each exposure to allow the camera film transport mechanism to step the film from one frame to the next after each exposure.Each exposure time can be independently ad justed from a fraction of a second to several hundred seconds by changing the value of a timing resistor and/or capacitor.All of the rocket interface circuits have been designed to minimize the coupling of spurious noise signals into the timer.
Noise Removal from Chrominance Components of a Color Television Signal (1978)

A solution to the problem of removing noise from the chrominance components of a color television signal is described. The inherent trade-off between noise removal and signal blurring is balanced adaptively using the luminance signal as a control for changing the characteristics of the chrominance filters. This adaptation is effective because: (1) in real pictures, most sharp changes of color are accompanied by sharp changes in luminance and, (2) sharp changes of luminance have a pronounced masking effect on the chrominance noise. Computer simulations show that a large amount of noise could be removed from the chrominance signals with no appreciable visible blurring. A simple filter, whose performance is close to the optimum, is proposed and a comparison with nonadaptive filters is made.
PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PAI-1 FROM HUMAN ENDOTHELIAL CELLS (1987)

Platelet α-granules and endothelial cells contain an inhibitor of plasminogen activator, which inhibits both t-PA and u-PA. The inhibitor (PAI-1) is detectable after SDS-PAGE and zymography on fibrin/plasmin-ogen/u-PA detector gels. We have purified endothelial PAI-1 by a simple two-step procedure. Serum-free conditioned medium from human umbilical vein endothelial cells, grown in microcarrier culture, was fractionated on Sephadex CM-50, a cation exchanger, followed by gel filtration on Sephacryl S-200. Aprotinin was included throughout the procedure to maintain the activity of the inhibitor. The PAI-1 was purified 2000-fold with a recovery of about 7%. The purified protein had a specific activity of 8500 U/mg protein and the activity could be stimulated 14-fold by 4M guanidine. The purified PAI-1, of M 48000, was a single-chain glycoprotein.The ptoduct wasapparently homogeneous on a silver-stained SDS-polyacrylamide gel, the protein band co-migrating with PAI activity. Further, a rabbit antiserum raised against the purified PAI-1 revealed only a single band on immunoblots of material from each stage of the purification. The immunoglobulin fraction ofthe antiserum, incorporated into the detector gel for zymographic analysis, neutralised the inhibitor from plasma, platelets and endothelial cells, confirming their identity. Preincubation of PAI-1 from these sources with the immunoglobulin prevented formation of a complex with t-PA or u-PA. This purification procedure, in which no denaturants are employed, provides a homogeneous preparation of PAI-1 that is useful for studies on the stimulatory effects of denaturants. The antiserum raised has allowed the development of a sensitive ELISA, specific for PAI-1.