gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Seismic vibrator control and the downgoing P-wave (1984)

Abstract The best method to measure the seismic vibrator output. Phase control of the force exerted by a seismic vibrator upon the Earth's surface (ground force) is useful in producing consistent downhole P-wave signatures. Experimental results which compare the downhole correlation wavelets produced by phase-locking to ground force; reaction mass acceleration and baseplate acceleration as changes in vibrator type, sweep bandwidth, drive level, and coupling medium are made. The empirical results support theoretical work which predicts with suitable assumptions that ground force and far-field particle displacement are in phase except for a time delay.--Modified journal abstract.
Analytical Small-Signal Modelling of Diode-Rectifier based HVDC Link Based on Physical Switching Actions of Diodes (2020)

The diode-rectifier High-Voltage Direct-Current (HVDC) link provides a cost-effective energy transportation method for far-offshore wind farm. However, it relies on the grid-forming wind turbines to stabilize offshore grid. Herein, we establish an analytical small-signal model of diode-rectifier HVDC link, to provide theoretical bases for the offshore grid control. The proposed modeling approach utilizes the physical switching actions of diodes to relate the ac and dc variables of diode rectifier, which allows to fully preserve the dynamics of passive components at ac and dc sides, and meanwhile accurately captures frequency-coupling effects induced by the diodes’ nonlinear switching actions. The accuracy of the proposed small- signal model is validated by the frequency scanning in the electromagnetic transient (EMT) time-domain simulation.
Safe re-entry time with In-Cycle Shotcrete for support of underground excavations (2015)

In-Cycle shotcrete is an important component of support for many underground excavations in rock. In particular, the safe re-entry time after shotcrete has been sprayed needs to be considered as it influences the productivity associated with development. It is proposed that the shear strength of the shotcrete matrix is a better parameter to consider than the Uniaxial Compressive Strength of the overall shotcrete material including coarse aggregate. A number of shotcrete paste mixes were prepared and evaluated for strength gain. It was found generally that the shear strengths of shotcrete pastes increase exponentially during the first 4 to 8 hours of curing in all shotcrete mixes except when the pastes included a hydration stabiliser. It was found for shotcrete mixes with accelerator, synthetic fibres and aggregates that an average layer of about 50mm thickness develops sufficient shear strength of about 20kPa within about one hour to support a tetrahedral block with 1m edge lengths and the layer mass. For the same shotcrete layer, it was found that a cubic metre block and the shotcrete layer can be supported within about 3 hours and 50 minutes when the shotcrete shear strength is estimated to be approximately 97kPa.
Reducing Risk in Total Joint Arthroplasty: Vascular Status (2019)

Complications following total joint arthroplasty place a significant burden on patients and the health care system. Patients with vascular disease are at increased risk of perioperative complications and appropriate patient screening and optimization are required to reduce perioperative risks. This article will provide a brief update on the literature and consensus recommendations regarding (1) patients with increased bleeding risk and increased venous thromboembolic event risk, (2) patients with a history of peripheral vascular disease, and (3) patients with lymphedema.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereospecific Synthesis of Functional Alkenylsilanes via Silastannation of But‐3‐ynoic Acid. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Increasing Effect by Simultaneous Use of Levocabastine and Pemirolast on Experimental Allergic Conjunctivitis in Rats (2005)

The effect of the simultaneous use of 0.025% levocabastine hydrochloride eye drops (levocabastine) and 0.1% pemirolast potassium ophthalmic solution (pemirolast) on experimental allergic conjunctivitis in rats was investigated. Levocabastine and pemirolast significantly inhibited allergic conjunctivitis compared with the control group when separately administered. In addition, the simultaneous use of both drugs inhibited allergic conjunctivitis more potently than the original activity of levocabastine or pemirolast. Furthermore, the simultaneous use of levocabastine and pemirolast also significantly inhibited increased vascular permeability induced by antigen compared with levocabastine or pemirolast alone, respectively. Levocabastine and pemirolast inhibited histamine release from the rat conjunctiva in correlation with a decrease in histamine content in tears. When levocabastine and pemirolast were simultaneously applied to the eyes, histamine release from the conjunctiva was greater than for the original activities of both drugs. Similar to histamine release from the conjunctiva, the histamine content in tears induced by the simultaneous use of both drugs was significantly decreased compared with levocabastine and pemirolast alone, respectively. A potentiating effect induced by the simultaneous use of levocabastine and pemirolast may be attributable to the antihistaminic activity of levocabastine and histamine release inhibition by levocabastine and pemirolast.
Cholesterol-lowering effect of YM-16638 in cynomolgus monkeys (1996)

YM-16638 was found in preclinical studies to be an orally active leukotriene antagonist. Because LY-171883, another leukotriene receptor antagonist with a similar structure to YM-16638, showed a triglyceride-lowering effect with a peroxisomal proliferative effect in monkeys fed a normal diet, we investigated whether YM-16638 also showed a serum triglyceride-lowering effect by examining serum and hepatic lipid levels in cynomolgus monkeys fed a normal diet supplemented with YM-16638 for 4 weeks at a daily dose of 3.75 mg (8.5 μmole), 30 mg (67.7 μmole) or 60 mg (135.4 μmole)/kg body weight. Monkeys given YM-16638 showed a dose-dependent decrease in serum total cholesterol. At 2 weeks of treatment, serum LDL- and HDL-cholesterol in the YM-16638 group showed marked decreases of 35% and 32%, respectively. However, serum triglyceride levels did not change. By contrast, hepatic cholesterol and cholesterol ester levels in this group were only slightly increased, without any effect on hepatic triglyceride level. In vitro investigation of the effect of YM-16638 on LDL-receptor activity and mRNA expression in the human hepatoma cell line HepG2 cells showed that YM-16638 increased LDL-receptor activity in a dose-dependent manner at 44 h of treatment. mRNA level in these cells was also increased 1.7-fold at 8 h of treatment. These results suggest that the decrease in serum cholesterol level in monkeys treated with YM-16638 may be due to an increase in hepatic LDL-receptor activity. Furthermore, they suggest that YM-16638 may represent a potent hypocholesterolemic drug without serious side effects. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Design and Characteristics of a Small Animal Multi-Modality Scanner (2006)

In a collaborative effort between the University of Virginia, Jefferson Lab, and Johns Hopkins University, we have developed a CT-SPECT scanner for small animal imaging. The scanner forms the basis of what is to be a trimodality scanner after the addition of an optical imaging component. The SPECT component of this system consists of a custom built gamma camera containing a 2 times 2 array of Hamamatsu H8500 position sensitive photomultiplier tubes coupled to a pixelated array of NaI(Tl) crystals. The detector is equipped with a pinhole collimator. The CT component consists of an X-ray source with a focal spot size of 50 microns and a Hamamatsu 7940DP-03 X-ray detector utilizing complementary metal oxide technology with a detector element size of 50 microns. Both subsystems are attached to a rotating, barrel-type gantry. Basic performance tests, including measurements of intrinsic resolution, intrinsic detector efficiency, energy resolution, and detector response uniformity for the gamma camera and measurements of the RMS dark noise, sensitivity, dynamic range, and imaging performance functions (MTF, NPS, DQE) for the X-ray camera were conducted. A CT-SPECT scan of a MicroSPECT phantom resulted in reconstructed images where the smallest details of the phantom, hot rods 1.2 mm in diameter with a center-to-center spacing of 2.4 mm, are clearly resolved. Dual modality scans of live mice were performed in order to detect the localization of PECAM-antibody tagged with Tc-99m. The scan time for CT was 6 minutes; the SPECT scan time varied from 30 minutes to 2 hours, depending on the amount of residual radioactivity in the animal
Time–Frequency Analysis of Transient Pressure Signals for a Mechanical Heart Valve Cavitation Study (1998)

A series of transient pressure signals (TPSs) can be measured using a miniature pressure transducer mounted near the tip of the inflow side of a mechanical heart valve (MHV) occluder during closure. A relationship appears to exist between the intensity and pattern of the TPS and the cavitation potential of a MHV. To study the relationship between MHV cavitation and the TPSs, we installed an MHV in a valve testing chamber of a digitally controlled burst test loop. A charge coupled device (CCD) camera and a personal computer based image grabbing program was used to visualize cavitation bubbles appearing on or near the occluder surface. One bileaflet MHV was used as the model for this study. Cavitation bubbles were observed within 300 microsec of the leaflet/housing impact. The valve was tested at various driving pressures between 100 and 1,300 mmHg. MHV cavitation bubble intensities were qualitatively classified into three categories: 1) strong, 2) weak, and 3) none. Digital images of the MHV occluder inflow surface were recorded simultaneously with the TPSs. TPSs were studied by the time-frequency analysis method (spectrogram) and correlated to MHV cavitation potential. The intensity of the cavitation bubbles was found to be associated with burst test loop driving pressures during leaflet closure.
Variation of structural and optical properties across an AlGaN/GaN HEMT structure directly imaged by cathodoluminescence microscopy (2003)

Non-planar selective area growth of GaN and Al0.1Ga0.9N was performed by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition, on selectively etched GaN samples masked with SiO2-ridges. We report on the characterization of this lateral structured AlGaN/GaN HEMT structure using spatially and spectrally resolved cathodoluminescence. A distinct change of emission energy of the AlGaN and GaN across the ridge was observed. The shift of AlGaN emission directly visualizes the strong lateral Al composition gradient across the ridge. The modulation of emission energy of the two dimensional electron gas (GaN emission) leads to the formation of a potential well with distinct barriers in the slope region and a pronounced lateral confinements inside of the well at the ridge edges. (© 2003 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Characterization and optimization of 3D-LCD module design (1997)

Autostereoscopic displays with flat panel liquid crystal display and lenticular sheets are receiving much attention. Multiview 3D-LCD is truly autostereoscopic because no head tracking is necessary and the technology is well poised to become a mass market consumer 3D display medium as the price of liquid crystal displays continues to drop. Making the viewing experience as natural as possible is of prime importance. The main challenges are to reduce the picket fence effect of the black mask and to try to get away with as few perspective views as possible. Our solution is to 'blur' the boundaries between the views. This hides the black mask image by spreading it out and softens the transition between one view and the next, encouraging the user to perceive 'solid objects' instead of a succession of flipping views. One way to achieve this is by introducing a new pixel design in which the pixels are slanted with respect to the column direction. Another way is to place the lenticular at a small (9.46 degree) angle with respect to the LCD columns. The effect of either method is that, as the observer moves sideways in front of the display, he always 'sees' a constant amount of black mask. This renders the black mask, in effect, invisible and eliminates the picket fence effect.
A Connection between Generative Adversarial Networks, Inverse Reinforcement Learning, and Energy-Based Models (2016)

Generative adversarial networks (GANs) are a recently proposed class of generative models in which a generator is trained to optimize a cost function that is being simultaneously learned by a discriminator. While the idea of learning cost functions is relatively new to the field of generative modeling, learning costs has long been studied in control and reinforcement learning (RL) domains, typically for imitation learning from demonstrations. In these fields, learning cost function underlying observed behavior is known as inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) or inverse optimal control. While at first the connection between cost learning in RL and cost learning in generative modeling may appear to be a superficial one, we show in this paper that certain IRL methods are in fact mathematically equivalent to GANs. In particular, we demonstrate an equivalence between a sample-based algorithm for maximum entropy IRL and a GAN in which the generator's density can be evaluated and is provided as an additional input to the discriminator. Interestingly, maximum entropy IRL is a special case of an energy-based model. We discuss the interpretation of GANs as an algorithm for training energy-based models, and relate this interpretation to other recent work that seeks to connect GANs and EBMs. By formally highlighting the connection between GANs, IRL, and EBMs, we hope that researchers in all three communities can better identify and apply transferable ideas from one domain to another, particularly for developing more stable and scalable algorithms: a major challenge in all three domains.
Connexin43 Mimetic Peptides Reduce Swelling, Astrogliosis, and Neuronal Cell Death after Spinal Cord Injury (2008)

Connexin 43 (Cx43) is up-regulated after spinal cord injury (SCI). The authors tested whether mimetic peptides, corresponding to short sequences of rat Cx43, would reduce the severity of damage in a rodent ex vivo model of SCI. Eleven peptides (peptides 1 to 11) corresponding to short amino acid sequences of the extracellular loops of rat Cx43 were tested. Two of these peptides, peptide 4 (corresponding to Gap27) and peptide 5, significantly reduced the degree of swelling after SCI in this model. Peptide 5 produced the more significant reduction in swelling and was analyzed further. Treatment with peptide 5 reduced both the level of Cx43 and the number of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive astrocytes, and at the same time reduced the loss of NeuN-and SMI-32-positive neurons in a concentration-and time-dependent manner. In cell culture, low concentrations of peptide 5 prevented hemichannel opening, but did not disrupt gap junctional communication. Higher concentrations prevented hemichannel opening, but also uncoupled existing gap junctions. This study supports the idea that regulation of Cx43 hemichannel opening using mimetic peptides may be a useful treatment for reducing the spread of damage after SCI.
Layered double hydroxide-decorated flexible polyurethane foam: significantly improved toxic effluent elimination (2015)

A layered double hydroxide-based fire-blocking coating was deposited on the surface of a flexible polyurethane foam using a layer-by-layer method to improve its thermal stability, flame retardancy and smoke suppression properties.
Conflict and Compromise: Catholic and Public Hospital Partnerships (2010)

This article analyzes the tensions and uneasy negotiations, based on a case study, that occurred among Catholic sisters, administrators, bishops, physicians, and the Vatican for more than seven years at a hospital in Austin, Texas. Here, the largest health care system in the city, which was Catholic, joined with the local public, tax-supported hospital that provided the majority of reproductive health care services in the region. A clash resulted over whether the hospital could continue providing sterilization and contraceptive services to its primarily poor patients. This article examines the fierce debates that occurred, especially over emergency contraception and attempts to develop creative solutions after a hierarchical crackdown from the Vatican. The end result was a compromise that included the creation of a "hospital within a hospital."
Multiscale analysis of Array and Antenna farm problems (2005)

To keep explicit information about the multi-scale nature of the solution directly into the representation of the unknown fields/currents, two techniques are discussed in this paper: the synthetic basis function expansion (SFX); and the vector multi-resolution (MR) expansion. Both the SFX and MR approaches are applicable to general array geometries, e.g. for "printed" arrays with (possibly) different radiators, and general space layouts. With the use of MR, complexity is reducing by "thinning" (sparsifying) a (large) matrix. In an opposite way, SFX implements the multi-scale paradigm via a two-step procedure that results in reducing the number of unknowns, and thus "compressing" the MoM matrix into a much smaller size. These methods had been, in their basic traits, presented elsewhere and therefore in the next two sections they will be described only briefly, focusing on the common origins of the multi-scale issue and paradigm.
Bewegungsanalyse für die objektbasierte Video-Codierung (1999)

An essential stage for the implementation of object-based video coding techniques is the automatic decomposition of an image sequence into different moving objects. The presented technique for motion segmentation is based on the concept of affine motion hypotheses. In an inital stage a set of motion hypotheses is generated for a given group of images. The segmentation of the group of images is obtained by classifying each image location to one of the extracted motion hypotheses. The iterative nature of the algorithm results in an alternative refinement of the object boundaries and the motion parameters. The extracted objects are characterized by their boundaries and a set of motion parameters. During the segmentation process an additionally depth parameter is assigned to each object Thus occlusion areas and uncovered regions can be predicted on tire basis of the object boundaries in the first image of the group.
In situmicro-focused X-ray beam characterization with a lensless camera using a hybrid pixel detector (2014)

Results of studies on micro-focused X-ray beam diagnostics using an X-ray beam imaging (XBI) instrument based on the idea of recording radiation scattered from a thin foil of a low-Z material with a lensless camera are reported. The XBI instrument captures magnified images of the scattering region within the foil as illuminated by the incident beam. These images contain information about beam size, beam position and beam intensity that is extracted during dedicated signal processing steps. In this work the use of the device with beams for which the beam size is significantly smaller than that of a single detector pixel is explored. The performance of the XBI device equipped with a state-of-the-art hybrid pixel X-ray imaging sensor is analysed. Compared with traditional methods such as slit edge or wire scanners, the XBI micro-focused beam characterization is significantly faster and does not interfere with on-going experiments. The challenges associated with measuring micrometre-sized beams are described and ways of optimizing the resolution of beam position and size measurements of the XBI instrument are discussed.
Autotuning Configurations in Distributed Systems for Performance Improvements Using Evolutionary Strategies (2008)

Distributed systems usually have many configurable parameters such as those included in common configuration files. Performance of distributed systems is partially dependent on these system configurations. While operators may choose default settings or manually tune parameters based on their experience and intuition, the resulted settings may not be the optimal one for specific services running on the distributed system. In this paper, we formulate the problem of autotuning configurations as a black-box optimization problem. This problem becomes quite challenging since the joint parameter search space is huge and also no explicit relationship between performance and configurations exists. We propose to use a well known evolutionary algorithm called covariance matrix adaptation (CMA) to automatically tune system parameters. We compare CMA algorithm to another existing techniques called smart hill climbing (SHC) and demonstrate that CMA algorithm outperforms SHC algorithm both on synthetic data and in a real system.
Design of a manipulator system for hemorrhage detection and treatment using High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (2009)

This paper outlines the design of a portable manipulator system for use in remote detection and care of hemorrhage using High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU). We have developed a kinematically redundant manipulator that uses high fidelity force control for safe interaction with human patients. The manipulator is outfitted with a dual imaging and sonication end-effector for hemorrhage detection and treatment. Unlike most available force controlled manipulators, the design presented in this paper has all the actuation embedded inside its body eliminating the need for a base which greatly improves portability. We review the main design features, advantages, and trade-offs of this approach and present experimental data of hemorrhage detection and controlled sonication of biological tissue samples.