gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antifungal, Antiprotozoal, Cytotoxic and Piscicidal Properties of Justicidin B and a New Arylnaphthalide Lignan fromPhyllanthus piscatorum (2003)

Using activity against Candida albicans as a lead, the bioactivity-guided fractionation of the dichloromethane extract of Phyllanthus piscatorum led to the isolation of the arylnaphthalide lignan justicidin B (1), which was found to be present in high amounts, and a new C-11 hydroxylated derivative that we named piscatorin (2). We provide evidence that justicidin B (1) is the main active principle of P. piscatorum, showing the same biological effects that were found for the raw extracts. Justicidin B inhibited the growth of the pathogenic fungi Aspergillus fumigatus (MIC > or = 1 microg/mL), Aspergillus flavus (MIC > or = 12 microg/mL), and Candida albicans (MIC > or = 4 microg/mL), but was not effective against Cryptococcus neoformans and Blastoschizomyces capitatus. Justicidin B also exhibited strong activity against the trypomastigote form of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (IC50 = 0.2 microg/mL) and moderate activity against Trypanosoma cruzi (IC50 = 2.6 microg/mL). Testing against Plasmodium falciparum showed only weak activity. This is the first report on the in vitro fungicidal and antiprotozoal effects of justicidin B. In addition, both compounds exhibited a non-specific cytotoxicity in neoplastic and primary cell cultures. No antibacterial effects were detected. Both compounds were piscicidal against zebra fish and it is shown for the first time that piscatorin (2) and justicidin B (1) are the piscicidal principles of P. piscatorum, exhibiting a potency that is comparable to rotenone.
Temperature-induced crystallinity and vibrational properties in samarium orthovanadate (2020)

The Samarium orthovanadates particles were prepared using the sol-gel method, and the effect of sintering temperature on the crystallinity was studied in detail through x-ray diffraction (XRD) and the Rietveld refinement of the obtained XRD data. Density functional theory (DFT) based calculations were used to describe the dynamic properties in Samarium orthovanadate. The data obtained from the DFT calculations were made instrumental in confirming the vibrational properties, and both the Raman and infrared modes obtained through the experiments. Temperature-dependent Raman spectroscopy was used to provide a deeper insight into all the eigenmodes and their behavior with varying temperature. A temperature-dependent (experiment) and pressure-dependent (DFT) Raman spectra were produced for the investigation of eigenmodes in the samples. A correlation between the two methods was seen, and the alignment between the two data sets was found to be ineluctable. The Gr\"uneisen parameter of individual modes were calculated with the aid of the theoretically obtained variation in the Raman shift with respect to the bulk modulus. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy of the samples was explored to study possible correlation with temperature, and theoretical bandgaps were obtained through standard DFT and hybrid exchange-correlation functional calculations. Photoluminescence spectroscopy was performed in the hopes of unveiling possible applications of the material.
Blocking Based Approach for Classification Rule Hiding to Preserve the Privacy in Database (2011)

Now-a-days it is common to share data between two organizations in many application areas. When data are to be shared between parties, there could be some sensitive patterns which should not be disclosed to the other parties. We address such the problem of sensitive classification rule hiding. We propose a blocking based approach for sensitive classification rule hiding. First we find the supporting transactions of sensitive rules. Then we replace known values with unknown values ("?") in those transactions to hide a given sensitive classification rule. Finally the sanitized dataset is generated from which sensitive classification rules are no longer mined. We also discuss experimental results of our algorithm.
Clusters gold nanoparticle-enhanced multimodal photoacoustic microscopy and optical coherence tomography for the identification of choroidal neovascularization in living rabbits (2020)

In the near-infrared optical window (NIR, 650 to 1000 nm), biological tissue generates a low intrinsic photoacoustic (PA) signal. This window can be utilized to reduce the background noise, and thus enhance visualization of contrast agents. Exogenous contrast agents have been investigated and co-applied with photoacoustic imaging such as organic materials (indocyanine green, astaxanthin, Prussian blue) and inorganic materials (gold nanorods, gold nanostars). However, these available contrast agents are usually associated with low thermal stability or large size, leading to unreliable photoacoustic signal. Conventional gold nanoparticles have an absorption peak of 520 nm, which corresponds to the absorption spectrum of hemoglobin. This study investigated the synthesis of novel ultrapure, biocompatible, and photostable chain-like gold nanoparticles (CGNPs), which shift the peak absorbance of GNPs from visible window (520 nm) to NIR window, while keeping the GNPs at a smaller size. These GNPs were fabricated by a femtosecond laser and were combined together with two organic polymers. The surface was then modified with PEG and conjugated with RGD ligands. The capacity of CGNPs for photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) and OCT were examined on 4 white New Zealand rabbits using a choroidal neovascularization (CNV) model. CNV was created by laser-induced retinal vein occlusion. Then, all animals were administered GNPs at concentration of 5 mg/mL. PAM and OCT were obtained before and after the injection at various time points, including 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, 24 h, days 2, 3, 5, 7, 9. 11, and 14. In vivo PAM and OCT imaging demonstrated that CNV was observed after the injection of CGNPs. In comparison with the signal before the injection, CGNPs produces 18- fold greater photoacoustic contrast and exhibits a 176 % increase in OCT signal, given the reduced background signal in the NIR window. The newly fabricated CGNPs have the capacity to improve visualization in living animals, while minimizing signal from hemoglobin and other endogenous contrast agents.
Quantification of Human β-Defensin-2 and -3 in Body Fluids: Application for Studies of Innate Immunity (2007)

These ELISA assays can measure inducible hBD peptide concentrations in body fluids by overcoming masking effects of anionic molecules. This approach may therefore be applicable for quantifying these peptides in health and disease.
A Discriminative Kernel-Based Approach to Rank Images from Text Queries (2008)

This paper introduces a discriminative model for the retrieval of images from text queries. Our approach formalizes the retrieval task as a ranking problem, and introduces a learning procedure optimizing a criterion related to the ranking performance. The proposed model hence addresses the retrieval problem directly and does not rely on an intermediate image annotation task, which contrasts with previous research. Moreover, our learning procedure builds upon recent work on the online learning of kernel-based classifiers. This yields an efficient, scalable algorithm, which can benefit from recent kernels developed for image comparison. The experiments performed over stock photography data show the advantage of our discriminative ranking approach over state-of-the-art alternatives (e.g. our model yields 26.3% average precision over the Corel dataset, which should be compared to 22.0%, for the best alternative model evaluated). Further analysis of the results shows that our model is especially advantageous over difficult queries such as queries with few relevant pictures or multiple-word queries.
Novel aspects of wet milling for the production of microsuspensions and nanosuspensions of poorly water-soluble drugs (2011)

Micronization and nanoparticle production of poorly water-soluble drugs was investigated using single wet milling equipment operating in the attritor and stirred media modes. The drug particles in the median size range of 0.2?2??m were prepared by changing the milling mode and operating conditions of a Micros mill with a purpose of elucidating the dynamics of the wet milling process. It was determined that particle breakage due to mechanical stresses and aggregation due to insufficient stabilization are two competing mechanisms which together control the wet milling dynamics of the poorly water-soluble drugs. The study in the attritor mode using four different classes of stabilizers with six drugs indicated that steric stabilization worked better than electrostatic stabilization for the drugs studied. In addition, the existence of different minimum polymer concentrations for the stabilization of microsuspensions and nanosuspensions was indicated. The major role of a non-ionic polymer during the production of fine particles is its stabilization action through steric effects, and no experimental evidence was found to support the so-called Rehbinder effect. Periodic addition of the polymer as opposed to the addition of the polymer at the start of milling process was introduced as a novel processing method. This novel method of polymer addition provided effective stabilization and breakage of drug particles leading to a narrower and finer particle size distribution. Alternatively, it may allow shorter processing time and lower overall power consumption of the milling process for a desired particle size.
Fragmentation and embolization of a plastic‐coated guidewire (1993)

We report a case of fragmentation and embolization to the pulmonary artery of sheared pieces of a recently introduced hydrophilic plastic-coated guidewire. The propensity for this to occur, the lack of initial recognition, and the ability to retrieve the fragments by catheter techniques are emphasized. As these guidewires are more frequently used, physicians should be aware of this potential complication.
Significant overexpression of urokinase‐type plasminogen activator in pancreatic adenocarcinoma using real‐time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (2005)

These observations suggest that significant overexpression of uPA correlates closely to the rapid progression and invasiveness of pancreatic cancer and that uPA may provide a future therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer treatment.
STEM/EELS Analysis of Conversion Reactions in Cycled FeOF/C (2014)

Transition metal fluoride/carbon nanocomposites have been under extensive investigation in the past ten years due to their theoretical high capacity in the range of 500 to 800 mAh/g In this study, the structural changes of FeOF/C positive electrode during lithiation/delithiation have been studied as a function of number of cycles (up to 20) under constant cycling current of 50 mA/g and at 60C. ADF-STEM imaging technique combined with electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) were used to track the phase evolution of FeOF/C and chemical composition with bonding characteristics of phases present after cycling.
Linear receivers for optical wireless scattering communication with multiple photon detectors (2014)

We propose linear minimum mean square error (LMMSE) receivers for optical wireless scattering communications with single transmitter and multiple receivers, namely the single-input multiple-output (SIMO) system, where the received signals exhibit the characteristics of discrete photons. We first propose an LMMSE receiver scheme based on photon counting detection, and then generalize to other type of receivers with amplification gains such as photomultiplier tube (PMT) and avalanche photodetector (APD). The proposed LMMSE receiver is designed for both on-off key (OOK) modulation and pulse-position modulation (PPM). Simulation results are provided to show the the bit estimation performance of the proposed LMMSE receivers. It is concluded that OOK incurs a larger estimation error at smaller required bandwidth, while M-PPM with M > 4 leads to a smaller estimation error with more bandwidth requirements.
Load and Nonlinearity Aware Resource Allocation in Elastic Optical Networks (2017)

We propose a novel routing and spectrum allocation solution for elastic all-optical networks based on load-aware nonlinear impairment estimation that significantly improves service acceptance ratio and spectrum utilization compared to nonlinearity assignment based on fixed-margins.
Role of oxygen vacancies in V/sub BF//V/sub t/ stability of pFET metals on HfO/sub 2/ (2005)

We demonstrate experimentally that the flatband/threshold voltages (V/sub FB//V/sub t/) of pFET metal gates are strongly dependent on the post-deposition annealing conditions of the gate stacks. By varying the temperature and the O/sub 2/ partial pressure during post-deposition N/sub 2//O/sub 2/ and/or forming gas annealing (FGA) with Re, Ru and Pt, the gate stack V/sub FB/ can change by as much as 750 mV. However, using Re as an example, it is shown that conditions can be optimized and V/sub FB//V/sub t/-tuning for pFETs can be achieved for aggressively scaled stacks. It is proposed that charge transfer from oxygen vacancies to the gate electrode, possible only for high workfunction metal gates, leads to the formation of a dipole layer near the gate which can shift V/sub FB//V/sub t/. The results indicate that V/sub FB//V/sub t/ control remains a formidable processing challenge with high workfunction metals on HfO/sub 2/.
Masked level discrimination: Deterring profile listening (1995)

Two experiments examined how level discrimination (also called intensity discrimination) between two successive three-tone complexes depends on the bandwidth and rove range of a notched-noise masker. The three-tone complex consisted of equally intense components at 0.84, 1, and 1.17 kHz set to 25, 55, or 85 dB SPL. The notch extended from 0.77 to 1.27 kHz for all masker bandwidths. The masker level changed randomly on each presentation to reduce profile cues. Results from five listeners showed that level-discrimination thresholds, delta L's (= 20 log([p + delta p]/p), where p is pressure), increased somewhat as the rove range increased. In contrast to profile-discrimination experiments, the delta L's did not decrease with increasing masker bandwidth. In addition, when the rove range was 10 dB or larger, discrimination was generally better than the best possible performance by a profile observer. The results indicate that profile analysis is not essential for reasonably good level discrimination in the presence of notched-noise maskers.
Statistical Modeling of Cardiovascular Signals and Parameter Estimation Based on the Extended Kalman Filter (2007)

Cardiovascular signals such as arterial blood pressure (ABP), pulse oximetry (POX), and intracranial pressure (ICP) contain useful information such as heart rate, respiratory rate, and pulse pressure variation (PPV). We present a novel state-space model of cardiovascular signals and describe how it can be used with the extended Kalman filter (EKF) to simultaneously estimate and track many cardiovascular parameters of interest using a unified statistical approach. We analyze data from four databases containing cardiovascular signals and present representative examples intended to illustrate the versatility, accuracy, and robustness of the algorithm. Our results demonstrate the ability of the algorithm to estimate and track several clinically relevant features of cardiovascular signals. We illustrate how the algorithm can be used to elegantly solve several actively researched and clinically significant problems including heart and respiratory rate estimation, artifact removal, pulse morphology characterization, and PPV estimation.
Pseudorandom sweeps for simultaneous sourcing and low-frequency generation (2011)

Over the past decade, there has been rather vigorous activity in developing simultaneous sourcing and slip-sweep techniques for vibroseis acquisition. Such methods include HFVS and C-HFVS (Krohn et al., 2010), ISS (Howe et al., 2008), DSSS (Bouska, 2010), and HPVA and V1 (Meunier and Bianchi, 2002). These methods provide improved vibrator productivity and create a means of cost-effectively improving source density and thus spatial sampling. Egan et al. (2010) have discussed the link between spatial sampling and resolution (spatial and temporal).
Carbon Nanotubes: Smart Drug/Gene Delivery Carriers (2021)

The unique properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) (such as their high surface to volume ratios, enhanced conductivity and strength, biocompatibility, ease of functionalization, optical properties, etc.) have led to their consideration to serve as novel drug and gene delivery carriers. CNTs are effectively taken up by many different cell types through several mechanisms. CNTs have acted as carriers of anticancer molecules (including docetaxel (DTX), doxorubicin (DOX), methotrexate (MTX), paclitaxel (PTX), and gemcitabine (GEM)), anti-inflammatory drugs, osteogenic dexamethasone (DEX) steroids, etc. In addition, the unique optical properties of CNTs have led to their use in a number of platforms for improved photo-therapy. Further, the easy surface functionalization of CNTs has prompted their use to deliver different genes, such as plasmid DNA (PDNA), micro-RNA (miRNA), and small interfering RNA (siRNA) as gene delivery vectors for various diseases such as cancers. However, despite all of these promises, the most important continuous concerns raised by scientists reside in CNT nanotoxicology and the environmental effects of CNTs, mostly because of their non-biodegradable state. Despite a lack of widespread FDA approval, CNTs have been studied for decades and plenty of in vivo and in vitro reports have been published, which are reviewed here. Lastly, this review covers the future research necessary for the field of CNT medicine to grow even further.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of the Lignans (‐)‐ and (+)‐Burseran, (‐)‐Cubebin, and (‐)‐Hinokinin by Diastereoselective Conjugate Addition of Benzyl Anions to 2‐(R)‐ and (S)‐Benzyloxy‐2,5‐dihydro‐4‐(3,4‐methylenedioxybenzoyl)furan. (1989)

Abstract The arylmagnesium bromide (I) is coupled with the dihydrofurancarboxaldehyde (II) and then oxidized to yield the aryl furyl ketone (III).
Predictions of two nonlinear viscoelastic constitutive relations for polymers under multiaxial loadings (2007)

Abstract Two viscoelastic constitutive relations in differential form are further developed here to include material nonlinearity and distinction between loading and unloading regimes, which is a characteristic of polymers. The effects of hydrostatic pressure and anisotropy in tension and compression on the deformation response of polymers are accounted for through the definition of a pressure‐dependent equivalent stress. In the uniaxial stress state, these constitutive relations reduce to the two well‐known mechanical analogue representations: “Kelvin–Voigt‐type” and “Maxwell‐type” rheological models. The predictive capabilities of these constitutive relations are then assessed against a wide range of experimental results, which include both uniaxial and biaxial stress states subjected to quasi‐static and cyclic‐loading conditions. The predictions of both models are found to be in good agreement with the test data. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 47:593–607, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Multifunctional biocompatible films based on pectin‐Ag nanocomposites and PVA: Design, characterization and antimicrobial potential (2022)

Abstract Pectin‐Ag nanocomposites with a core‐shell structure are synthesized by the “green chemistry” method based on the reduction of silver nitrate with pectin (amidated, low‐, or high methoxylated) in an alkaline medium at room temperature. TEM and DLS measurements show that the average size of the inorganic core (10–30 nm) and hydrodynamic diameter of the nanocomposite (284.8–649.2 nm) depend on the type of pectin. The films based on pectin‐Ag nanocomposites and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with different molecular weight (30, 66, and 145 kDa) are obtained by casting evaporation technique. A comparative study of their mechanical, optical, degradation and antibacterial properties is carried out. The films with the smaller size of Ag nanocomposite exhibit higher antimicrobial activity against Bacillus strains. The pectin‐Ag/PVA films are loaded with antibiotic kanamycin (KAN). Prolonged release of antibiotic and pronounced (up to full inhibition) antimicrobial effect of pectin‐Ag/PVA/KAN films against Escherichia coli , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Bacillus pumilus , and Bacillus subtilis is due to the formation of pectin‐Ag/KAN complexes. Moreover, pectin‐Ag/PVA/KAN films show high potency against resistant strains Pseudomonas aeruginosa . The obtained multifunctional films are expected to find promising applications in biomedical engineering and wound healing.
Understanding the impact of full-field mask error factor (2000)

Deep-UV lithography using 248 and 193-nm light will be the microlithography technology of choice for the manufacturing of advanced memory and logic semiconductor devices for the next decade. Since 193nm lithography development has been slow, the extension of 248nm technology to 0.150micrometers and beyond has accelerated. Advanced techniques, such as Optical Proximity Correction and phase shift masks will be needed in order to maintain sufficient process latitude. This continuous reduction of k<SUB>1</SUB> to near &frac12; wavelength has intensified and issues related to MEF have become a concern. MEF, a phenomenon first discussed by Maurer et al., is define as the CD Error at wafer level divided by the CD Error at reticle level multiplied by the lens magnification. There have been numerous publications discussing the im pact of MEF on CD budgets for line space and contact imaging. This paper will discuss recent work to investigate full field MEF, the impact on choice of illumination conditions and how photoresist can significantly influence MEF. Data based on simulation and experiment was collected with high numerical aperture 248 nm imaging using binary reticles with conventional illumination.
Highly Selective and Efficient Ring Hydroxylation of Alkylbenzenes with Hydrogen Peroxide and an Osmium(VI) Nitrido Catalyst (2017)

The Os<sup>VI</sup> nitrido complex, Os<sup>VI</sup> (N)(quin)<sub>2</sub> (OTs) (1, quin=2-quinaldinate, OTs=tosylate), is a highly selective and efficient catalyst for the ring hydroxylation of alkylbenzenes with H<sub>2</sub> O<sub>2</sub> at room temperature. Oxidation of various alkylbenzenes occurs with ring/chain oxidation ratios ranging from 96.7/3.3 to 99.9/0.1, and total product yields from 93 % to 98 %. Moreover, turnover numbers up to 6360, 5670, and 3880 can be achieved for the oxidation of p-xylene, ethylbenzene, and mesitylene, respectively. Density functional theory calculations suggest that the active intermediate is an Os<sup>VIII</sup> nitrido oxo species.