gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Final report TKI toeslag project Biomass to Biofuels (B2B) (2019)

Biomass is a renewable feedstock that will contribute to the renewable energy goals of governments. Biomass is costly and therefore it should be used efficiently, creating maximum value, thus cascading is important, where besides energy products (electricity, heat, renewable gas and bio fuels) high value products like chemicals are produced. In addition to biomass, residue streams could be used for maximum valorization as well, whereas currently these residues are mainly used for the production of heat and power
Kinetic Interactions of EDDS with Soils. 1. Metal Resorption and Competition under EDDS Deficiency (2009)

Biodegradable EDDS ([S,S]-ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid) is an emerging chelant for enhancing heavy metal extraction. During soil remediation that involves continuous flushing, metal extraction is often limited by the amount of EDDS. Under EDDS deficiency, initial extraction of Zn and Pb followed by resorption was observed in batch kinetic experiments. Speciation calculations indicated that the percentages of ZnEDDS(2-) and PbEDDS(2-) in respective dissolved metal concentrations decreased with time, whereas the contribution of CuEDDS(2-) to total EDDS increased accordingly. This pointed to the metal exchange of newly formed ZnEDDS(2-) and PbEDDS(2-) with sorbed Cu on the soil surfaces, rather than with Fe oxides. A portion of displaced Zn and Pb was resorbed on the exchangeable and carbonate fractions, whereas the rest was mainly bound to dissolved organic matter (DOM) and remained in solution. On the other hand, although dissolved Al was the major mineral cation in solution under EDDS deficiency, the resulting competitive effect on metal extraction was marginal because Al readily dissociated from EDDS complexes and predominantly existed as colloidal precipitates, DOM-complexes, or hydrolyzed species. By contrast, under EDDS excess, metal resorption was indiscernible while more significant Al and Fe dissolution influenced the EDDS speciation.
Intent AI Mediator (Mintent) for High-satisfaction-level Services (2022)

This article introduces the intent AI (artificial intelligence) mediator called Mintent that coordinates and cooperatively controls networks, cloud servers, and applications on the basis of the respective requirements (intents) of service providers and users. This technology can be used to provide services on the basis of such intents.
Performance Implications of Cascaded Wavelength Selective Switches on a Probabilistically Shaped 64-QAM System (2019)

The effect of bandwidth narrowing originating from the cascading of wavelength selective switches (WSSs) on the generalized mutual information is assessed for probabilistically shaped, 28 Gbaud, 64-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) constellations. The system simulation includes the generation of shaped symbol sequences based on the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution, cascaded WSS filters, simplified detection, and calculation of the bit-wise achievable information rate (BW-AIR). Results are compared for a noise loading configuration and a more practical distributed noise configuration. The statistical variations in the filter responses are addressed by considering 1000 realizations that result from randomly selected parameters for each of the individual WSS filter responses. Experimental results for a noise loading configuration and emulation of the overall frequency response for a filter cascade exhibit good agreement with corresponding simulation results.
The Effect of Temperature on Feeding, Digestion, and Absorption of Lytechinus variegatus (Lamarck) (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) (1986)

Lytechinus variegatus were collected from 25 C waters, maintained in the laboratory for 4 wk at either 16 or 23 C, and fed an artificial food. Feeding rates of individuals maintained at 16 C were low initially but subsequently increased to rates near those of individuals maintained at 23 C. Passage times of food through the gut decreased after 4 wk at 16 C but remained longer than those observed at 23 C. Activities of digestive carbohydrases were similar and low in both groups when measured at 16 C and showed a Q10 of ca. 2 in the range of 16–25 C. Absorption efficiencies and amounts of organic material absorbed from food were consistently lower for individuals maintained at 16 C than for those at 23 C. Although feeding rates compensate, L. variegatus is less efficient at processing food at 16 C than at 23 C.
Qualification of the T6 ion thruster for the BepiColombo Mission to the planet Mercury (2011)

This paper describes the system element and architecture of the Solar Electric Propulsion System (SEPS) for the BepiColombo mission to Mercury and the approach to qualification of the Solar Electric Propulsion Thruster (SEPT). The respective system architecture for the SEPS is described together with the qualification programmes underway. The SEPS required for inter-planetary cruise benefits from its wide operating range, robust design and its ability to be easily adaptable to a wide range of platforms and applications. Critical to the SEPS system design is the redundancy and cross-strapping philosophy. The selected configuration of two PPUs with fully symmetric cross-strapping of T6 units to PPU outputs gains maximum benefit from the symmetry of the four engine configuration. The resulting design provides for an elegant AIV sequence and plan. The number of PPU units is minimized and mounting/demounting units is straightforward and the number of operating modes for testing and characterization is minimized. The approach to qualification of the SEPT is described, as developed through Assembly, Integration and Verification (AIV) activities leading up to the BepiColombo mission, including; mechanical integrity, Thermal Vacuum (TV), Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC), Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) and thrust performance characterization as well as the development of the necessary Ground Support Equipment (GSE). Performance verification of a fully representative SEPS is considered to be an essential element in the qualification of the SEPT.
Heterozygous Vangl2 Looptail mice reveal novel roles for the planar cell polarity pathway in adult lung homeostasis and repair (2017)

Lung diseases impose a huge economic and health burden worldwide. A key aspect of several adult lung diseases, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), including emphysema, is aberrant tissue repair, which leads to an accumulation of damage and impaired respiratory function. Currently, there are few effective treatments available for these diseases and their incidence is rising. The planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway is critical for the embryonic development of many organs, including kidney and lung. We have previously shown that perturbation of the PCP pathway impairs tissue morphogenesis, which disrupts the number and shape of epithelial tubes formed within these organs during embryogenesis. However, very little is known about the role of the PCP pathway beyond birth, partly because of the perinatal lethality of many PCP mouse mutant lines. Here, we investigate heterozygous <i>Looptail</i> (<i>Lp</i>) mice, in which a single copy of the core PCP gene, <i>Vangl2</i>, is disrupted. We show that these mice are viable but display severe airspace enlargement and impaired adult lung function. Underlying these defects, we find that <i>Vangl2<sup>Lp/+</sup></i> lungs exhibit altered distribution of actin microfilaments and abnormal regulation of the actin-modifying protein cofilin. In addition, we show that <i>Vangl2<sup>Lp/+</sup></i> lungs exhibit many of the hallmarks of tissue damage, including an altered macrophage population, abnormal elastin deposition and elevated levels of the elastin-modifying enzyme, <i>Mmp12</i>, all of which are observed in emphysema. <i>In vitro</i>, disruption of <i>VANGL2</i> impairs directed cell migration and reduces the rate of repair following scratch wounding of human alveolar epithelial cells. Moreover, using population data from a birth cohort of young adults, all aged 31, we found evidence of an interactive effect between <i>VANGL2</i> and smoking on lung function. Finally, we show that PCP genes <i>VANGL2</i> and <i>SCRIB</i> are significantly downregulated in lung tissue from patients with emphysema. Our data reveal an important novel role for the PCP pathway in adult lung homeostasis and repair and shed new light on the genetic factors which may modify destructive lung diseases such as emphysema.
Contribution of platelets and the vessel wall to the antithrombotic effects of a single bolus injection of Fab fragments of the antiplatelet GPIIb/IIIa antibody 7E3 in a canine arterial eversion graft preparation. (1994)

The contribution of platelets and the vessel wall to the antithrombotic effects of a single intravenous bolus injection of 0.8 mg/kg Fab fragments of the monoclonal antiplatelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antibody 7E3 (7E3-Fab), combined with continuous heparin anticoagulation (100 U/kg bolus and 50 U/kg per hour), was studied in a canine preparation consisting of an everted (inside out) carotid arterial segment that had been inserted into a transected femoral artery. In all 6 control dogs without antibody, persistent or transient eversion graft occlusion occurred during an initial 2-hour observation period, and 5 of the 6 grafts were occluded at 24 hours. In 6 dogs given 7E3-Fab 24 hours before receiving an everted carotid artery segment from a donor dog, cyclic occlusion and reflow occurred in all dogs, whereas the grafts were patent at the end of a 2-hour observation period in 5 of the 6 dogs (P = .056 versus control). When transferred back to the donor dogs, the patient eversion segments showed brief periods of cyclic occlusion and reflow within 2 hours in 3 of 5 dogs (P = .034 versus control), whereas all of the 5 eversion segments were patent at 24 hours (P < .005 versus control).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A General Analysis of Salient-Pole Characteristics of PMSM with Magnetic Cross-Coupling (2011)

This paper presents a new general analysis about salient-pole characteristics of permanent-magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) that have the magnetic cross-coupling. In the actual case with magnetic cross-coupling, salient-pole and N-pole phases are not the same, and there is phase error between them. The unique general solution of the phase error is presented.
Structural Constraints on RNA Virus Evolution (1999)

The recently discovered hepatitis G virus (HGV) or GB virus C (GBV-C) is widely distributed in human populations, and homologues such as HGV/GBV-CCPZ and GBV-A are found in a variety of different primate species. Both epidemiological and phylogenetic analyses support the hypothesis that GB viruses coevolved with their primate hosts, although their degree of sequence similarity appears incompatible with the high rate of sequence change of HGV/GBV-C over short observation periods. Comparison of complete coding sequences (8,500 bases) of different genotypes of HGV/GBV-C showed an excess of invariant synonymous sites (at 23% of all codons) compared with the frequency expected by chance (10%). To investigate the hypothesis that RNA secondary-structure formation through internal base pairing limited sequence variability at these sites, an algorithm was developed to detect covariant sites among HGV/GBV-C sequences of different genotypes. At least 35 covariant sites that were spatially associated with potential stem-loop structures were detected, whose positions correlated with positions in the genome that showed reductions in synonymous variability. Although the functional roles of the predicted secondary structures remain unclear, the restriction of sequence change imposed by secondary-structure formation provides a mechanism for differences in net rate of accumulation of nucleotide substitutions at different sites. However, the resulting disparity between short- and long-term rates of sequence change of HGV/GBV-C violates the assumptions of the "molecular clock." This places a major restriction on the use of nucleotide or amino acid sequence comparisons to calculate times of divergence of other viruses evolving under the same structural constraints as GB viruses.
Design and control of a MAGLEV platform for positioning in arbitrary orientations (2020)

This paper presents the design, control and evaluation of a magnetically levitated six degree of freedom (DoF) positioning platform for robot-based inline measurements on freeform surfaces. The positioning system employs eight voice coil actuators (VCAs) for actuation and is capable of maintaining a constant free-floating position of the mover with respect to its supporting frame in arbitrary orientations of the entire system. Based on a balanced design, low crosstalk between the DoFs is obtained and six decentralized model-based PID controllers are designed and implemented. By using the position signals of six optical proximity sensors with sub-micrometer resolution as feedback, the prototype system achieves a closed-loop control bandwidth higher than 100Hz for each DoF. The translational and rotational positioning ranges are about ± 180μm and ± 2mrad, respectively. Steady-state rms positioning errors between 142 and 262 nm for the translational DoFs are achieved. Motion experiments show the successful operation of the positioning system in arbitrary orientations, keeping positioning errors below 5μm/40μrad.
Tethering of the IgG1 Antibody to Amorphous Silica for Immunosensor Development: A Molecular Dynamics Study (2020)

A key factor for improving the sensitivity and performance of immunosensors based on mechanical-plasmonic methods is the orientation of the antibody proteins immobilized on the inorganic surface. Although experimental techniques fail to determine surface phenomena at the molecular level, modern simulations open the possibility for improving our understanding of protein-surface interactions. In this work, replica exchange molecular dynamics (REMD) simulations have been used to model the IgG1 protein tethered onto the amorphous silica surface by considering a united-atom model and a relatively large system (2500 nm<sup>2</sup> surface). Additional molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have been conducted to derive an atomistic model for the amorphous silica surface using the cristobalite crystal structure as a starting point and to examine the structure of the free IgG1 antibody in the solution for comparison when immobilized. Analyses of the trajectories obtained for the tethered IgG1, which was sampled considering 32 different temperatures, have been used to define the geometry of the protein with respect to the inorganic surface. The tilt angle of the protein with respect to the surface plane increases with temperature, the most populated values being 24, 66, and 87° at the lowest (250 K), room (298 K), and the highest (380 K) temperatures. This variation indicates that the importance of protein-surface interactions decreases with increasing temperature. The influence of the surface on the structure of the antibody is very significant in the constant region, which is directly involved in the tethering process, while it is relatively unimportant for the antigen-binding fragments, which are farthest from the surface. These results are expected to contribute to the development of improved mechanical-plasmonic sensor microarrays in the near future.
Demographic determinants and effect of pre-operative angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers on the occurrence of atrial fibrillation after CABG surgery (2010)

Advanced age and presence of hypertension were independent predictors of post-CABG AF. Patients with post operative AF had significantly longer hospital stay. Neither ARBs nor ACE inhibitors were associated with reduction of post-surgical AF. Further studies are needed to better delineate the role of angiotensin related medications on reduction of post-surgical AF.
토너카트리지 재제조산업의 국내외 시장환경 및 당면과제 (2017)

21C 정보화시대의 도래와 함께 재활용 기술의 진일보로 탄생한 재제조산업(remanufacturing industry), 특히 토너카트리지 재제조산업이 급부상하고 있다. 토너카트리지는 전자기적 특성, 핵심 부품의 복잡한 기술, 모델 교체기간 단축(short life span) 및 기술의 급변화 등 여러 제약을 안고 있어 여타 재제조산업에 비해 성장속도는 더디지만 점차 기반이 갖춰지고 선진국 수준의 기술력을 더해 잠재력이 높은 산업으로 평가받고 있다. 한편, 상기의 시대적 변화로부터 탄생한 국내 재제조 카트리지산업은 여건 미성숙으로 해결해야 할 난관도 산적해 있어 업계를 중심으로 개선의 의견이 봇물을 이루고 있다. 당면과제로 첫째 신품사의 core 회수 → 물질재활용 이동에 따른 원료 수급 불균형, 둘째 저가의 중국산 금형품 수입·유통 확대에 따른 시장 잠식 상태, 셋째 업계의 영세성 가속화, 넷째 정부의 제도적 지원 미흡 등등 현 시점부로 발전방향의 기틀이 확립되지 않으면 점차 사양산업으로 내몰리는 취약 구조에 놓여 있다. 따라서 당 협회는 본 고를 통해 토너카트리지 재제조산업의 산업구조를 들여다보고 국내·외 시장 현황분석과 함께 업계 애로사항과 문제점을 다차원적으로 분석하고 개선방안을 제시하여 궁극적으로 토너카트리지 산업의 경쟁력 강화를 도모하도록 내용 구성하였다.
Intermittently tagged real‐time MRI reveals internal tongue motion during speech production (2019)

Intermittent tagging during real-time MRI of speech production is able to reveal the internal deformations of the tongue. This capability will allow new investigations of valuable spatiotemporal information on the biomechanics of the lingual subsystems during speech without reliance on binning speech utterance repetition.
Allosteric regulation of binding specificity of HVEM for CD160 and BTLA ligands upon G89F mutation (2021)

Molecular interactions mediated by engagement of the Herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM) with members of TNF and Ig superfamily generate distinct signals in T cell activation pathways that modulate inflammatory and inhibitory responses. HVEM interacts with CD160 and B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA), both members of the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily, which share a common binding site that is unique from that of LIGHT, a TNF ligand. BTLA or CD160 engagement with HVEM deliver inhibitory or stimulatory signals to the host immune response in a context dependent fashion, whereas HVEM engagement with LIGHT results in pro-inflammatory responses. We identified a mutation in human HVEM, G89F, which directly interferes with the human LIGHT interaction, but interestingly, also differentially modulates the binding of human BTLA and CD160 via an apparent allosteric mechanism involving recognition surfaces remote from the site of the mutation. Specifically, the G89F mutation enhances binding of CD160, while decreasing that of BTLA to HVEM in cell-based assays. Molecular dynamics simulations for wild-type and G89F mutant HVEM, bound to different sets of ligands, were performed to define the molecular basis of this unexpected allosteric effect. These results were leveraged to design additional human HVEM mutants with altered binding specificities.
Efficient Fault Diagnosis Algorithm in Dynamic Internet Service Environment (2009)

服务环境中的动态性会对故障诊断算法性能造成影响.为了降低这种影响,分析了服务环境中的动态性,提出多层管理模型建模服务系统:二分贝叶斯网络建立依赖模型和二元对称信道建模噪声.针对故障自动修复机制导致的动态故障集环境,在故障持续时间统计的基础上修正当前窗口内先验故障概率;针对动态模型环境,基于当前窗口内原始模型和观察症状时间建立期望模型.仿真结果显示,算法可以有效地诊断动态环境下的互联网服务故障.;Dynamic changes in service environment will affect fault diagnosis algorithm. In order to reduce the impact, challenges of fault diagnosis in dynamic environment are analyzed in this paper. Multi-layer management model is presented to model the service system, Bipartite Bayesian network is chosen to model the dependency relationship and binary symmetric channel is chosen to model noises. To deal with the dynamic fault set caused by fault recovery mechanism, prior fault probability is modified based on fault persistent time statistic; To deal with the dynamic model, expected model is built based on the time of observing symptoms and original models in current window. Simulation results show that this fault diagnosis algorithm is efficient in dynamic Internet service environment.
A novel topology for solving the partial shading problem in photovoltaic power generation system (2009)

In centralized or string photovoltaic (PV) systems, PV modules must be connected in series in order to generate a sufficiently high voltage to avoid further amplification and to efficiently drive further converters. This always requires dozens of PV modules, however some of them maybe suffer from partial shadow caused by trees, clouds or other things. In this case, power generated from each PV module becomes unbalanced so that total output powers greatly decrease. Furthermore, hot-spot effect caused by partial shadow is likely to damage the PV cells and affect the security of PV system. In order to solve these problems, a novel topology of PV system composed of many series-connected PV modules with corresponding energy feedback circuits is proposed in this paper, a feedback circuit is independently utilized to feed the output energy of PV system to the corresponding circuit including shadowed PV module. The simulation and experimental results verify that the proposed topology can make each PV module operate on the maximum power point individually regardless of partial shadow. The energy feedback circuits do not operate without partial shadow, they have no power loss under this condition, therefore the circuit efficiency is improved.
Hemodynamic Modes of Ventricular Assist with a Rotary Blood Pump: Continuous, Pulsatile, and Failure (2005)

Pulsatile operation of rotary blood pumps (RBPs) has received interest due to potential concern with nonphysiological hemodynamics. This study aimed to gain insight to the effects of various RBP modes on the heart-device interaction. A Deltastream diagonal pump (Medos Medizintechnik GmbH) was inserted in a cardiovascular simulator with apical-to-ascending aorta cannulation. The pump was run in continuous mode with incrementally increasing rotating speed (0-5000 rpm). This was repeated for three heart rates (50-100-150 bpm) and three levels of left ventricular (LV) contractility. Subsequently, the Deltastream was run in pulsatile mode to elucidate the effect of (de)synchronization between heart and pump. LV volume and pressure, arterial pressure, flows, and energetic parameters were used to evaluate the interaction. Pump failure (0 rpm) resulted in aortic pressure drops (17-46 mm Hg) from baseline. In continuous mode, pump flow compensated by diminished aortic flow, thus yielding constant total flow. High continuous rotating speed resulted in acute hypertension (mean aortic pressure up to 178 mm Hg). In pulsatile mode, unmatched heart and pulsatile pump rates yielded unphysiologic pressure and flow patterns and LV unloading was found to be highly dependent on synchronization phase. Optimal unloading was achieved when the minimum rotating speed occurred at end-systole. We conclude that, in continuous mode, a perfusion benefit can only be achieved if the continuous pump flow exceeds the preimplant (baseline) cardiac output. Pulsatile mode of support results in complex pressure and volume variations and requires accurate triggering to achieve optimal unloading.
The Extensible Templating Language: An XML-based Restricted Markup-Generating Laguage. (2003)

Popular web templating languages embed general-purpose programming languages. The Extensible Templating Language was born out of questioning the fundamental assumption that the front-end markup-generating engine of a multi-tier web application requires all the power and expressiveness implied by that design. ETL restricts the set of language features to a useful subset that provide the necessary functionality without compromising the simplicity and understandability of templates. By forcibly limiting what can be done by templates, we ensure a better separation of presentation details from business logic. Furthermore, ETL improves the analyzability of source templates by using an XML-based representation where markup is intermingled with XML elements corresponding to programming constructs. This approach reduces the possibility of generating improper markup and facilitates tool-building including semantically-aware editors and debuggers. ETL runs inside of the Extensible Templating Language Server which is currently employed by InfoSpace to serve millions of requests per day using over sixty thousand ETL templates.