gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A physical measurement of the mechanisms of transluminal angioplasty. (1984)

We report a quantitative determination of the relative contribution of various factors leading to arterial lumen enlargement during transluminal angioplasty. Mechanical tests were conducted on both normal and atherosclerotic artery necropsy specimens. In the range of dilating pressures tested (0 to 3.4 atm or 0 to 50 lb/in2), content extrusion of fluid from the plaque accounted for 6% to 12% of the overall lumen area increase, while compaction of the plaque accounted for only 1% to 1.5%. Most of the increase (86.8% to 93%) was due to plaque and arterial wall disruption. The mechanism of disruption involved shearing of the plaque from the underlying artery at relatively low dilating pressures, followed by longitudinal tearing in the arterial wall at higher pressures. Diseased arteries were observed to dilate significantly more than nondiseased arteries at dilating pressures greater than or equal to 1.36 atm or 20 lb/in2 (P less than 0.05). In the range of stenoses tested (10% to 50% based on diameter reduction), the mean dilating pressure required to increase the lumen cross-sectional area by 50% was approximately 1.5 atm or 22 lb/in2. Based on these studies, we conclude that balloon dilatation results arise mainly from plaque and arterial wall disruption.
CONTENTS OF PART SECOND (2010)

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Some invariant properties of linear electrical circuits. (1971)

Linear n-ports are examined, at a single frequency, in the light of a method based on invariance principles, with regard to various physical properties including activity, non-reciprocity, transfer activity and absolute stability. For each particular property, the method leads to characteristic invariants, which form the basis for appropriate equivalent circuits. The method rests on the construction of an equivalence class of n-ports, which are all equivalent with respect to the physical property chosen for consideration. Provided the physical operations (2n-port imbeddings) inter-relating the n-ports form a group, invariants of the n-port descriptions can be determined. If the invariants form a necessary and sufficient set for equivalence, then they will represent measures, discrete or continuous, of the physical properties held in common by the n-ports. The chosen property will therefore be describable in terms of one or more of the invariants. The use of the method allows n-ports to be partitioned into separate equivalence sub-classes by arithmetic invariants, and ordered within the classes by algebraic invariants. It is thus shown that activity and nonreciprocity are essentially discontinuous properties, while transfer activity and absolute stability admit continuous measures. Other properties of lesser engineering interest are treated briefly. The general results are applied specifically to two-ports, and a systematic account of two-port invariants is given, illustrated by logic diagrams. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the equivalence of two-ports under lossless reciprocal imbedding are found, corresponding to transfer activity, and canonical equivalent circuits are discussed. A similar treatment is given for absolute stability, and the invariant absolute stability factor is derived in a generalized form. Measurement methods for the more important two-port invariants are described, and applied to high-frequency transistors. The work as a whole shows that the invariance method is a valuable technique in the fundamental study of n-ports.
Size Reduction of a Low-Profile Spiral Antenna Using Inductive and Dielectric Loading (2008)

This letter discusses a miniature low profile ultrawideband (UWB) spiral. The antenna is miniaturized using a combination of dielectric and inductive loading. In addition, a ferrite coated ground plane is adopted in place of the traditional metallic ground plane for profile reduction. Using full-wave simulations and measurements, it is shown that the miniaturized spiral can achieve similar performance to a traditional planar spiral twice its size.
Metabolomic Changes in Naturally MAP-Infected Holstein–Friesian Heifers Indicate Immunologically Related Biochemical Reprogramming (2021)

Johne's disease, caused by <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> subsp. <i>paratuberculosis</i> (MAP), causes weight loss, diarrhoea, and reduced milk yields in clinically infected cattle. Asymptomatic, subclinically infected cattle shed MAP bacteria but are frequently not detected by diagnostic tests. Herein, we compare the metabolite profiles of sera from subclinically infected Holstein-Friesian heifers and antibody binding to selected MAP antigens. The study used biobanked serum samples from 10 naturally MAP-infected and 10 control heifers, sampled monthly from ~1 to 19 months of age. Sera were assessed using flow infusion electrospray-high-resolution mass spectrometry (FIE-HRMS) on a Q Exactive hybrid quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometer for high-throughput, sensitive, non-targeted metabolite fingerprinting. Partial least-squares discriminant analyses (PLS-DA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) of the data discriminated between naturally MAP-infected and control heifers. In total, 33 metabolites that differentially accumulated in naturally MAP-infected heifers compared to controls were identified. Five were significantly elevated within MAP-infected heifers throughout the study, i.e., leukotriene B4, bicyclo prostaglandin E2 (bicyclo PGE2), itaconic acid, 2-hydroxyglutaric acid and N6-acetyl-L-lysine. These findings highlight the potential of metabolomics in the identification of novel MAP diagnostic markers and particular biochemical pathways, which may provide insights into the bovine immune response to MAP.
Effect of polymer type on the colonization of plastic pellets by marine bacteria (2021)

Plastic is omnipresent in the oceans and serves as a surface for biofilm-forming microorganisms. Plastic debris comprises different polymers, which may influence microbial colonization; here, we evaluated whether polymer type affects bacterial biofilm formation. Quantifying the biofilm on polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) or polystyrene (PS) pellets by six marine bacterial strains (Vibrio,Pseudoalteromonas,Phaeobacter) demonstrated that each strain had a unique colonization behavior with either a preference for PS or PP over the other polymer types or no preference for a specific plastic type. PE, PP and PS pellets were exposed to natural seawater microbiota using free-living or total communities as inoculum. Microbial assembly as determined by 16S rRNA (V4) amplicon sequencing was affected by the composition of the initial inoculum and also by the plastic type. Known polymer and hydrocarbon degraders such as Paraglaciecola, Oleibacter and Hydrogenophaga were found in the plastic biofilms. Thus, on a community level, bacterial colonization on plastic is influenced by the microorganisms as well as the polymer type, and also individual strains can demonstrate polymer-specific colonization.
Sulfur vacancies in monolayer MoS2 and its electrical contacts (2013)

The use of reactive electropositive metal contacts is proposed to lower contact resistance in MoS2 devices, based on calculations of the sulfur vacancy in MoS2 by the screened exchange (sX) hybrid functional. sX gives band gaps of 1.88 eV and 1.34 eV for monolayer and bulk MoS2. The S vacancy has a formation energy of 2.35 eV in S-rich conditions, while the Mo vacancy has a large formation energy of 8.02 eV in Mo-rich conditions. The S vacancy introduces defect levels 0/−1 at 1.23 eV and −1/−2 at 1.28 eV in the upper gap. Its formation energy becomes small or negative for EF near the conduction band edge, leading to EF pinning near the conduction band for reactive metal contacts and lower contact resistances.
Automated Recovery in a Secure Bootstrap Process (1997)

Integrity is rarely a valid presupposition in much systems architecture, yet it is necessary to make any security guarantees. To address this problem, we have designed a secure bootstrap process, AEGIS, which presumes a minimal amount of integrity, and which we have prototyped on the Intel x86 architecture. The basic principle is sequencing the bootstrap process as a chain of progressively higher levels of abstraction, and requiring each layer to check a digital signature of the next layer before control is passed to it. A major design decision is the consequence of a failed integrity check. A simplistic strategy is to simply halt the bootstrap process. However, as we show in this paper, the AEGIS bootstrap process can be augmented with automated recovery procedures which preserve the security properties of AEGIS under the additional assumption of the availability of a trusted repository. We describe a variety of means by which such a repository can be implemented, and focus our attention on a network accessible repository. The recovery process is easily generalized to applications other than AEGIS, such as standardized desktop management and secure automated recovery of network elements such as routers or &amp;quot;Active Network &amp;quot; elements.
Numerical solution of the Navier‐Stokes equation for flow past spheres: Part II. Viscous flow around circulating spheres of low viscosity (1967)

Abstract Steady state solutions of the Navier‐Stokes equations for Reynolds numbers of 0.1, 1, 50, 100, and 200 have been obtained by using finite‐difference methods. The effects of radial and angular step size and wall proximity have been investigated. Results were found in the form of stream function and vorticity distributions with pressure distributions and drag coefficients calculated from them. The results compare favorably with experimental data and show a steady trend from Hadamard‐Rybczynski flow to boundary‐layer flow after Levich‐Chao‐Moore. For a circulating sphere of low viscosity there is no flow separation indicated at Reynolds numbers equal to or less than 200.
Antibody‐dependent cell‐mediated cytotoxic activity in syngeneic mouse ascites tumors (1975)

Abstract Eight different syngeneic murine ascites tumor preparations were tested for their ability to lyse antibody‐coated chicken erythrocytes in an assay for antibody‐dependent cell‐mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) Abbreviations used in this paper: ADCC ‐ antibody‐dependent cell‐mediated cytotoxicity; CRBC ‐ chicken red blood cells; C3 ‐ the third component of complement; FCS ‐ fetal calf serum; PEC ‐ peritoneal exudate cells; NMS ‐ normal mouse serum; MaCRBC ‐ mouse anti‐CRBC antiserum; SRBC ‐ sheep red blood cells; EA ‐ SRBC sensitized with antibody; EAC = SRBC sensitized with antibody and complement; PBS ‐ phosphate‐buffered saline. . All of the tumor preparations demonstrated significant ADCC effector activity, even at effector‐cell:target‐cell ratios of less than 1:1. In contrast, none of eight in vitro murine tumor‐cell lines showed any consistent ability to function as ADCC effector cells. Several cell fractionation experiments were performed to ascertain the nature of the effector cells in the ascites tumors. Adherent cells were removed from tumor preparations by passage of cells over columns of Degalan plastic beads and 19S Fc‐receptor‐bearing cells were removed by sedimentation of EA rosette‐forming cells. Although each of these procedures depleted only a minority of the total cells, all the ADCC activity was simultaneously removed in each case. Depletion of phagocytic cells by treatment of tumor preparations with carbonyl iron and magnetism only slightly diminished the ADCC activity. These results indicate that the ADCC activity associated with ascites tumors is due to effector cells most probably of host origin, but possibly representing an atypical sub‐population of tumor cells. The characteristics of the effector cell closely parallel those defined for the major nonphagocytic ADCC effector cell in normal mouse spleen and peritoneal exudate.
Optimizing deterministic garbage collection in NAND flash storage systems (2015)

NAND flash has been widely adopted as storage devices in real-time embedded systems. However, garbage collection is needed to reclaim space and introduces a lot of time overhead. As the worst system latency is determined by the worst-case execution time of garbage collection in NAND flash, it is important to optimize garbage collection so as to give a deterministic worst system latency. On the other hand, since the garbage collection does not happen very often, optimizing garbage collection should not bring too much overhead to the average system latency. This paper presents for the first time a worst-case and average-case joint optimization scheme for garbage collection in NAND flash. With our scheme, garbage collection can be postponed to the latest stage so improves the average system latency. By combining partial garbage collection and over-provisioning, our scheme can guarantee that one free block is enough to hold all pages from both write requests and valid-page copies. The experiments have been conducted on a real embedded platform and the results show that our technique can improve both worstcase and average-case system latency compared with the previous works.
Comparative Genomics, Evolution and Origins of the Nuclear Envelope and Nuclear Pore Complex (2004)

The presence of a distinct nucleus, the compartment for confining the genome, transcription and RNA maturation, is a central (and eponymous) feature that distinguishes eukaryotes from prokaryotes. Structural integrity of the nucleus is maintained by the nuclear envelope (NE). A crucial element of this structure is the nuclear pore complex (NPC), a macromolecular machine with over 90 protein components, which mediates nucleo-cytoplasmic communication. We investigated the provenance of the conserved domains found in these perinuclear proteins and reconstructed a parsimonious scenario for NE and NPC evolution by means of comparative-genomic analysis of their components from the available sequences of 28 sequenced eukaryotic genomes. We show that the NE and NPC proteins were tinkered together from diverse domains, which evolved from prokaryotic precursors at different points in eukaryotic evolution, divergence from pre-existing eukaryotic paralogs performing other functions, and de novo. It is shown that several central components of the NPC, in particular, the RanGDP import factor NTF2, the HEH domain of Src1p-Man1, and, probably, also the key domains of karyopherins and nucleoporins, the HEAT/ARM and WD40 repeats, have a bacterial, most likely, endosymbiotic origin. The specialized immunoglobulin (Ig) domain in the globular tail of the animal lamins, and the Ig domains in the nuclear membrane protein GP210 are shown to be related to distinct prokaryotic families of Ig domains. This suggests that independent, late horizontal gene transfer events from bacterial sources might have contributed to the evolution of perinuclear proteins in some of the major eukaryotic lineages. Snurportin 1, one of the highly conserved karyopherins, contains a cap-binding domain which is shown to be an inactive paralog of the guanylyl transferase domain of the mRNA-capping enzyme, exemplifying recruitment of paralogs of pre-exsiting proteins for perinuclear functions. It is shown that several NPC proteins containing super-structure- forming alpha-helical and beta-propeller modules are most closely related to corresponding proteins in the cytoplasmic vesicle biogenesis and coating complexes. From these observations, we infer an autogenous scenario of nuclear evolution in which the nucleus emerged in the primitive eukaryotic ancestor (the "prekaryote") as part of cell compartmentalization triggered by archaeo-bacterial symbiosis. A pivotal event in this process was the radiation of Ras-superfamily GTPases yielding Ran, the key regulator of nuclear transport. A primitive NPC with approximately 20 proteins and a Src1p-Man1-like membrane protein with a DNA-tethering HEH domain are inferred to have been integral perinuclear components in the las common ancestor of modern eukaryotes.
Cathodic electrochemiluminescence behavior of an ammonolysis product of 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride in aqueous solution and its application for detecting dopamine (2015)

The preparation process and cathodic electrochemiluminescence behavior of an ammonolysis product of 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride in an aqueous solution.
NSC13778 disrupts interactions between transcription factors TFE3, ASPL-TFE3 type 1, and ASPL-TFE3 type 2 and cognate DNA (2006)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006

4622 

The stibonic acid compound, [NSC13778][1], also know as stibavirin, previously has been reported to inhibit the interaction between transcription factors C/EBPα, C/EBPβ, CREB, Fos/JunD, and VBP and their cognate DNA sequences, HIV nucleocapsid protein p7 and viral RNA, and HIV gp120 and CD4. Now, we report that this compound is a potent inhibitor of the interaction between transcription factors TFE3, Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma (ASPS) associated fusion protein ASPL-TFE3 type 1, and ASPL-TFE3 type 2 and their cognate DNA. A fluorescence polarization assay was developed which measured the ability of compounds to disrupt a preformed complex between purified, recombinant protein and fluorescein-labeled, double-stranded cognate oligonucleotide. While [NSC13778][1] was similarly potent against TFE3 and ASPL-TFE3 type 1 and type 2 in EDTA-containing assay buffer, it was 10-fold more active against ASPL-TFE3 type 1 (39 nM) and ASPL-TFE3 type 2 (28 nM) than against TFE3 (360 nM) when 10 mM MgCl2 was included in the buffer. Moreover, this pattern of relative selectivity was reproduced among a series of analogs of [NSC13778][1] wherein most were more potent against ASPL-TFE3 than against TFE3. [NSC13778][1] was not toxic against FU-UR-1, a renal carcinoma cell line which expresses ASPL-TFE3 or against the B16 mouse melanoma cell line which expresses a high level of TFE3, and studies are ongoing to investigate the effects of 13778 on the expression of selected TFE3-dependent genes.

 [1]: /lookup/external-ref?link_type=GENPEPT&access_num=NSC13778&atom=%2Fcanres%2F66%2F8_Supplement%2F1086.1.atom
A multi-DSP signal processing and control system for MST radar (2002)

Atmospheric remote sensing by Doppler radar is an increasingly used technique. An MST radar is an instrument that can be used for mesosphere, stratosphere and troposphere remote sensing. This paper describes a signal processing and control system for atmospheric sounding radars, with improved characteristics with respect to formerly used architectures. The authors refer especially to wind profiling as an important and interesting application. The system allows up to 4 receiver signals to be processed at the same time, with 60 range gates and 300 m height resolution. The use of two DSPs working in parallel allows the use of a single PC for real time data processing and system control. Some experimental results are reported.
Expression of Clostridium difficile Toxins A and B and Their Sigma Factor TcdD Is Controlled by Temperature (2003)

Growth temperature was found to control the expression of toxins A and B in Clostridium difficile VPI 10463, with a maximum at 37 degrees C and low levels at 22 and 42 degrees C in both peptone yeast (PY) and defined media. The up-regulation of toxin A and B mRNA and protein levels upon temperature upshift from 22 to 37 degrees C followed the same kinetics, showing that temperature control occurred at the level of transcription. Experiments with Clostridium perfringens using gusA as a reporter gene demonstrated that both toxin gene promoters were temperature controlled and that their high activity at 37 degrees C was dependent on the alternative sigma factor TcdD. Furthermore, tcdD was found to be autoinduced at 37 degrees C. Glucose down-regulated all these responses in the C. perfringens constructs, similar to its impact on toxin production in C. difficile PY broth cultures. C. difficile proteins induced at 37 degrees C and thus coregulated with the toxins by temperature were demonstrated by two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and identified as enzymes involved in butyric acid production and as electron carriers in oxidation-reduction reactions. The regulation of toxin production in C. difficile by temperature is a novel finding apparently reflecting an adaptation of the expression of its virulence to mammalian hosts.
Regulation of multiple target genes by miR-1 and miR-206 is pivotal for C2C12 myoblast differentiation (2012)

MicroRNAs are short non-coding RNAs involved in post-transcriptional regulation of multiple messenger RNA targets. The miR-1/miR-206 family is expressed during skeletal muscle differentiation and is an integral component of myogenesis. To better understand miR-1/miR-206 function during myoblast differentiation we identified novel target mRNAs by microarray and characterized their function in C2C12 myoblasts. Candidate targets from the screen were experimentally validated together with target genes that were predicted by three different algorithms. Some targets characterised have a known function in skeletal muscle development and/or differentiation and include Meox2, RARB, Fzd7, MAP4K3, CLCN3 and NFAT5, others are potentially novel regulators of myogenesis, such as the chromatin remodelling factors Smarcd2 and Smarcb1 or the anti-apoptotic protein SH3BGRL3. The expression profiles of confirmed target genes were examined during C2C12 cell myogenesis. We found that inhibition of endogenous miR-1 and miR-206 by antimiRs blocked the downregulation of most targets in differentiating cells, thus indicating that microRNA activity and target interaction is required for muscle differentiation. Finally, we show that sustained expression of validated miR-1 and/or miR-206 targets resulted in increased proliferation and inhibition of C2C12 cell myogenesis. In many cases the expression of genes related to non-muscle cell fates, such as chondrogenesis, was activated. This indicates that the concerted downregulation of multiple microRNA targets is not only crucial to the skeletal muscle differentiation program but also serves to prevent alternative cell fate choices.
Figure S3 from Human GUCY2C-Targeted Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-Expressing T Cells Eliminate Colorectal Cancer Metastases (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S3 shows the murine CAR construct sequence used in the paper.&lt;/p&gt;