gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prevalence rate of nosocomial infections in TCM hospitals in 2010:investigation and analysis (2011)

OBJECTIVE To understand the basic situation of nosocomial infection,to provide the basis for improving monitoring measures.METHODS Adopting cross-sectional survey method,the combined survey and inspection of bedside patient history were used to fill in the case investigation form.The investigation on the infection status of patients in hospital was analyzed.RESULTS Totally 689 cases were checked,occupying 98.96%,of all the 689 cases,22 cases were nosocomial infection with the prevalence rate of 3.24%.ICU was with the highest infection rate,followed by the cardioencephalology-TCM soecialist clinic.Lower respiratory infections ranked first,accounted for 31.82% of all the infections,followed by urinary tract infection,accounted for 22.73% of all the infections.The whole hospital antibiotic treatment of bacterial culture detection rate was 40.91%,5 strains of pathogens causing nosocomial infection were detected,which were Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Acinetobacter baumannii and Escherichia coli respectively.The daily using rate of antibiotics was 28.17%.CONCLUSION The hospital prevalence survey will enhance the comprehensive ICU,cadres and neurology wards and other key departments.To highlight the monitoring will reduce the hospital infection rate,improve the detection rate of bacteria and use antimicrobial agents correctly and rationally.
Commercial Mortgage‐Backed Securities (CMBS) and Market Efficiency with Respect to Costly Information (2008)

Commercial mortgage‐backed securities (CMBS) are complex asset‐backed securities trading in markets that do not currently use derivatives pricing technology. This lack of usage is due to the complexity of the modeling exercise, and only the recent and costly availability of historical data. As such, CMBS markets provide a natural environment for the testing of market efficiency with respect to this costly information. Using this information, this article develops a CMBS pricing model to provide a joint test of the model and market efficiency. Backtesting our pricing model for 4 years, although there is some evidence of abnormal trading profits, we cannot reject the efficiency of the CMBS markets.
Analysis of web defects by correlating 1-D Morlet and 2-D Mexican hat wavelet transforms (2005)

The manufacturing processes for paper and similar non-woven fiber webs can affect end-use properties. In this paper, we document a new wavelet-based method of product diagnostic. The methods combines 1-dimensional Morlet and isotropic 2-dimensional Mexican hat wavelets, with wavelet-based filtering and denoising techniques. Two samples produced in pilot machines by different forming methods are examined for variations in their mass per unit area - the grammage. The grammage maps are decomposed into three layers: one associated with the nearly-periodic grammage streaks at large scale, one associated with flocs or related medium-size structures, and the background which combines pixel-size fluctuations and large-scale stochastic modulations. By correlating the structure and background fluctuations with the streaks local phase, we show that one sample exhibits formation streaks (statistical variations in properties other than mean grammage), which are not found in the other.
Photoelectrochemistry of microcrystalline chlorophyll a films (1983)

Thin films of microcrystalline chlorophyll a in contact with electrolytes have been studied. It is shown that the electrode acts as a photocathode, as indicated by the dependence of photoeffect on electrode potential and redox potential of electrolyte. Impedance measurements at low frequencies show that a space charge is formed at the electrode/electrolyte interface. The chlorophyll photocathode is in principle capable of reducing water to hydrogen, even though a very high overpotential kinetically blocks this. All these photoelectrochemical properties are compatible with the picture of the organic photoelectrode as a p-type semiconductor.
Electrically tunable organic vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (2014)

An electrically tunable organic vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) is demonstrated and characterized. A lasing wavelength tunability of Δλ = 10 nm with 6 V actuation is shown for a red laser emission tuned between λ = 637 nm and λ = 628 nm. Wavelength tuning of the VCSEL structure is enabled by electrostatic deflection of a reflective flexible membrane that is suspended over an air gap and a dielectric mirror, forming a 3λ lasing cavity. The lasing gain medium consists of an evaporated organic thin film coated on a reflective membrane, which is then additively placed over a patterned substrate containing the dielectric mirror to fabricate an array of air-gap-VCSEL structures, each 100 μm in diameter. Beyond the electrostatic actuation of these tunable lasers, the VCSEL array geometry also has the potential to be used as pressure sensors with an all-optical remote excitation and readout and a pressure sensitivity of 64 Pa/nm in the demonstrated configuration.
Chapter 5 Parkinson's disease (2011)

Idiopathic Parkinson’s disease is a clinical syndrome characterized by the gradual onset and progression of tremor, rigidity, akinesia, and defects of posture and locomotion and various non-motor symptoms, not due to any other recognized cause. Idiopathic Parkinson’s disease is defined as the clinical syndrome of parkinsonism associated with a distinctive pathology comprising degeneration of pigmented brainstem nuclei, including the dopaminergic substantia nigra pars compacta, with the presence of Lewy bodies in remaining nerve cells.
Impact of pre‐analytical handling on bone marrow mRNA gene expression (2004)

Large clinical trials on leukaemia, require the transport of bone marrow (BM) from participating clinics to central diagnostic laboratories. We have investigated the impact of RNA extraction protocols and time delays between sample aspiration and RNA extraction on RNA quality and gene expression profiles. Intact RNA can be extracted from BM samples stored at room temperature for up to 48 h. Gene expression analyses using Affymetrix U95Av2 GeneChips and a custom-designed cDNA array in parallel showed that even short-term storage of BM has dramatic effects on mRNA expression of individual transcripts. Many probe sets/genes showed either reproducible deregulation (18.8%, analysis of variance <0.05), or inconsistent expression that differed from patient to patient (38.4%). Moderate alterations were observed in 42.8% genes, with a maximum fold change <2.0 in all experiments and at all time points. These profound effects complicate the use of unstabilized, shipped BM samples for gene expression analyses. The comparison of a variety of RNA stabilization reagents (e.g. PAXgene) resulted in partial conservation of the mRNA expression patterns. Immediate density centrifugation or erythrocyte lysis and freezing at -80 degrees C represent simple procedures that reliably preserved mRNA gene expression patterns in BM.
Per Packet Value: A Practical Concept for Network Resource Sharing (2016)

Governing how network resources are shared among various traffic flows is not a completely solved problem. The ideal system can implement a wide variety of detailed and flexible policies; enforces those policies under all possible offered traffic combinations and scales well with the number of flows. In this paper we introduce a framework that approximates the ideal system well. It consists of flow-aware Packet Value marking at the edges and flow-unaware operation inside the network. We show that inside the network relatively simple scheduling and AQM algorithms operating solely on Packet Value are suitable to implement the policies set at the network edge. We also discuss, how the framework can be used to support resource sharing over radio networks (where the cost of transmission varies) and how it enables load balancing, resource balancing and optimal network-wide load distribution.
Education and Professional Development Subcommittee report (2017)

My active involvement with the Australian Association of Stomal Therapy Nurses (AASTN) committees began when I nominated for the National Secretary position in 2013. This flowed on to me becoming a member of the Education and Professional Development Subcommittee (E and PDS) in 2014. While I gained my stoma, wound and continence qualification back in 2000, my nursing career focus was in quality and safety and clinical management. It wasn't until 2012 that I had the opportunity to be employed as a stomal therapy nurse and I am now, very happily, employed as a clinical practice consultant in stomal therapy at Flinders Medical Centre in South Australia.
Optic-Electronic-Optic Interferometer: A First Experimental Demonstration (2020)

We demonstrate an interferometer that is opaque in one arm, where the optical signal is coherently detected, processed, and remodulated. In case of constructive interference, stable operation is shown for 5 Gbit/s OOK signaling.
Imprecise excision of plasmid pE194 from the chromosomes of Bacillus subtilis pE194 insertion strains (1992)

Plasmid pE194 has been shown to be rescued by integration after cultivation of infected Bacillus subtilis recE4 cells at a restrictive high temperature. The plasmid is also spontaneously excised from the chromosome at a low frequency by precise or imprecise excision (J. Hofemeister, M. Israeli-Reches, and D. Dubnau, Mol. Gen. Genet. 189:58-68, 1983). We have investigated nine excision plasmids, carrying insert DNA 1 to 6 kbp in length, either in a complete pE194 or in a partially deleted pE194 copy. Type 1 (additive) excision plasmids have the left- and right-junction DNAs preserved as 13-bp direct repeats (5'-GGGGAGAAAACAT-3') corresponding to the region between positions 864 and 876 in pE194. In type 2 (substitutive) excision plasmids, a conserved 13-bp sequence remains only at the right junction while the left junction has been deleted during the excision process. The type 3 excision plasmid carries at each junction the tetranucleotide 5'-TCCC-3', present in pE194 between positions 1995 and 1998. Although we isolated the excision plasmids from different integration mutants, the insert DNAs of eight independently isolated plasmids showed striking sequence homology, suggesting that they originated from one distinct region of the B. subtilis chromosome. Thus, we postulate that imprecise excision of pE194 occurs most frequently after its translocation from the original insertion site into a preferred excision site within the host chromosome. The imprecise excision from this site occurs at excision breakpoints outside the pE194-chromosome junctions in a chromosomal region which remains to be investigated further.
Fault Diagnosis Model of Photovoltaic Array Based on Least Squares Support Vector Machine in Bayesian Framework (2017)

With the rapid development of the photovoltaic industry, fault monitoring is becoming an important issue in maintaining the safe and stable operation of a solar power station. In order to diagnose the fault types of photovoltaic array, a fault diagnosis method that is based on the Least Squares Support Vector Machine (LSSVM) in the Bayesian framework is put forward. First, based on the elaborate analysis of the change rules of the output electrical parameters and the equivalent circuit internal parameters of photovoltaic array in different fault states, the input variables of the photovoltaic array fault diagnosis model are determined. Second, through the LSSVM algorithm in the Bayesian framework, the fault diagnosis model based on the output electrical parameters and the equivalent circuit internal parameters of the photovoltaic array is built, which can effectively detect the photovoltaic array faults of short circuit, open circuit, and abnormal aging. Then, the simulation model is built to verify the validity of the LSSVM algorithm in the Bayesian framework by comparing it with the model of LSSVM and the Support Vector Machine (SVM). Moreover, a 5 × 3 photovoltaic array and a reference photovoltaic string are established and experimentally tested to validate the performance of the proposed method.
Classifying Preoperative Opioid Use for Surgical Care (2018)

Preoperative opioid use is common among patients who undergo elective surgery. Although the majority of patients infrequently fill opioids before surgery, even minimal use increases the probability of needing additional postoperative prescriptions in the 30 days after surgery when compared with opioid-naive patients. Going forward, identifying preoperative opioid use can inform surgeon prescribing and care coordination for pain management after surgery.
Growth Factors in the Nucleolus? (1998)

In eukaryotic cells containing tandem repeated ribosomal RNA genes, there appears a specialized region of chromatin, carrying out gene transcription, rRNA processing, and nascent ribosomal subunit assembly—the nucleolus. One of the first intracellular structures to be described ([Montgomery, 1898
Trial Operation of the Advanced Volume Reduction Facilities for LLW at JAEA (2007)

The Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) constructed the Advanced Volume Reduction Facilities (AVRF), in which volume reduction techniques are applied and achieved high volume reduction ratio, homogenization and stabilization by means of melting or super compaction processes for low level radioactive solid wastes. It will be able to produce waste packages for final disposal and to reduce the volume of stored wastes by operating the AVRF. The AVRF consist of the Waste Size Reduction and Storage Facilities (WSRSF) and the Waste Volume Reduction Facilities (WVRF); the former has cutting installations for large size wastes and the latter has melting units and a super compactor. Cutting installations in the WSRSF have been operating since July 1999. Radioactive wastes treated so far amount to 750m3 and the volume reduction ratio is from 1.7 to 3.7. The WVRF has been operating with non-radioactive wastes since February 2003 for the training and the homogeneity investigation in the melting processes. The operation of the pretreatment system in the WVRF with radioactive wastes has partly started in FY2005.
A theoretical study of thermally activated magnetization switching under microwave assistance (2015)

Microwave-assisted magnetization switching (MAS) is attracting much attention because of its applications in future magnetic recording techniques such as microwave-assisted magnetic recording and three-dimensional magnetic recording.[1-4] For the implementation of these applications, it is indispensable to elucidate large-amplitude magnetization excitation induced by a microwave magnetic field, which accounts for switching field reduction in MAS. In addition, for understanding thermally activated switching at finite temperature, it is necessary to estimate barrier height under microwave assistance.
Use of 15N Label in Organic Synthesis and Spectroscopy. Part I: Preparation of 15N-Labeled tert-Butylamine (2002)

The preparation of 15N-labeled tert-butylamine involves the conversion of the correspondingly labeled potassium cyanide into the 15N-labeled tert-butylformamide via the Ritter reaction in 85% yield, followed by hydrolysis with either aqueous sodium hydroxide or hydrochloric acid. The NMR spectra of the compounds provide a valuable opportunity for discussing several important topics in NMR spectroscopy, such as cis-trans isomerism due to restricted rotation and 15N coupling. Comparison of the IR spectra of the labeled and unlabeled compounds permits a forum for discussing the theory of vibrational frequencies.
A discriminant-analysis-based suction detection system for rotary blood pumps (2006)

A new suction detection system for rotary blood pumps used in left ventricular assist devices is presented. The system can correctly classify pump flow patterns, based on a discriminant analysis (DA) model that combines several indices derived from the pump flow signal to make a decision about the pump status. The indices considered in this approach are frequency-, time-, and time-frequency-domain indices. The frequency-domain indices detect changes in the harmonic and subharmonic energy content of the pump flow signal when a suction event is occurring. The time-domain indices detect changes in pump flow pulsatility based on a beat-to-beat analysis of the pump flow and first derivative of pump flow. The time-frequency index can track variations in the standard deviation of the instantaneous frequency of the pump flow signal. These indices are combined in a DA decision system to generate a suction alarm. The proposed system has been tested in simulations and in-vivo experimental tests and produced satisfactory results.
Characteristics of microstrip transmission lines with high-dielectric-constant substrates (1991)

An efficient numerical code is developed from a full-wave analysis in the Fourier transform domain to determine the characteristics of a single-strip or multistrip coplanar transmission line. Modes of both even and odd symmetries are included. The impedance of the transmission line is calculated using the power-current equivalent model. Coupling constants between the even and the odd modes are also calculated. Results are provided for a shielded two-strip coupled microstrip transmission line on high-dielectric-constant substrate such as lanthanum aluminate with applications to superconducting transmission lines.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Avoiding the language-as-a-fixed-effect fallacy : How to estimate outcomes of linear mixed models (2014)

Since the 1970s, researchers in psycholinguistics and the cognitive sciences have been aware of the language-as-fixedeffect fallacy, or the importance in statistical analyses to not only average across participants (F1) but also across items (F2).Originally, the language-as-fixed-effect fallacy was countered by proposing a combined measure (minF') calculated by participant (F1) and item (F2) analyses.The scientific community, however, reported separate participant and item (F1 and F2) regression analyses instead.More recently, researchers have started using linear mixed models, a more robust statistical methodology that considers both random participant and item factors together in the same analysis.There are various benefits to using mixed models, including being more robust to missing values and unequal cell sizes than other linear models, such as ANOVAs.Yet it is unclear how conservative or liberal mixed methods are in comparison to the traditional methods.Moreover, reanalyzing previously completed work with linear mixed models seems cumbersome.It is therefore desirable to understand the benefits of linear mixed models and to know under what conditions results that are significant for one model might beget significant results for other models, in order to estimate the outcome of a mixed effect model based on traditional F1, F2, and minF' analyses.The current paper demonstrates that it is possible, at least for the most simplistic model, for an F or p value from a linear mixed model to be estimated from the same values from more traditional analyses.
Individual control of singing voice based on cepstrum manipulation (2013)

Desktop music (DTM) software is used to synthesize various instrumental sounds, whereas it was difficult to synthesize the natural singing voice because the singing voice is more complicated than other instrumental sounds. In the past, it had been object that we output more natural singing voice by analyzing the singing voice and extracting the spectrum envelope with high accuracy. Recently, since the algorithm is improved, the singing voice synthesis software is used. In the conventional method, it had been focused changing the original voice personality by controlling some parameters of spectrum envelope. However, the method can synthesize the singing voice by only particular voice personality. The quality of the synthesized singing voice also depends on accurate control of voice personality. In this study, we attempt to control user′s impression directly and investigate the control method that is focused on the singer's individuality in the singing voice. In this paper, we propose a voice personality control method based on mapping the timbre of target singer in the cepstrum domain and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. As a result of subjective experiments, we confirmed that the proposed method can control the voice personality of singers with high quality.
Evaluation of efficient chemoembolization mixtures by magnetic resonance imaging therapy monitoring: an experimental study on the VX2 tumor in the rabbit liver. (1996)

To find effective chemoembolization mixtures, we tested combinations of carboplatin with the embolizates Spherex and Gelfoam in comparison to a therapy with NaCl-solution, a treatment with the cytostatic drug only, and a therapy with each of the embolizates alone. The experiments were carried out using as a model the VX2 tumor in the liver of male chinchilla rabbits (five for each group). Carboplatin was revealed by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2)-yl-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide test to be a potent cytostatic drug for VX2 rabbit tumor cells. We used magnetic resonance imaging to examine the tumor volume and signal intensity enhancement up to 15 min after Gd-DTPA administration within the tumor and liver before and after the different therapies. These parameters allowed us to evaluate tumor growth and vitality as well as liver injury for the different therapy types. The results found by magnetic resonance imaging corresponded very well to those obtained by histological analysis of the tumors. The chemoembolization therapies were significantly more efficient than the other therapies, as indicated by the reduction of signal intensity enhancement after contrast agent administration within the tumor and by the histologically determined necrotic fraction after therapy. In addition, we found a significant decrease of the tumor volume and no significant live injury for a therapy with Carboplat and Gelfoam.
Stressing the (other) three Rs in the search for empirically supported treatments: Review procedures, research quality, relevance to practice and the public interest. (2000)

The Society of Clinical Psychology's task forces on psychological intervention developed criteria for evaluating clinical trials, applied those criteria, and generated lists of empirically supported treatments. Building on this strong base, the task force successor, the Committee on Science and Practice, now pursues a three-part agenda: (a) evolution of review and classification procedures with an emphasis on reliability across reviewers, (b) an active role as gadfly in promoting improved research, and (c) a dissemination program (with an evolving web site) to make our process, findings, and data base accessible to practitioners, researchers, policy makers, and the public. We seek to link practitioners and researchers in the shared goal of improving mental health care by encouraging evidence-based practice and training.