gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Large‐Scale Production Methods of Fe2O3/Al2O3 Oxygen Carriers for Chemical‐Looping Combustion (2014)

Abstract Oxygen carrier (OC) particles for chemical‐looping combustion (CLC) may be produced in large scale by a number of methods such as freeze granulation, spray drying, impregnation, and mechanical mixing methods. To select the most appropriate technology for large‐scale preparation, the four preparation methods were adopted to prepare Fe 2 O 3 /Al 2 O 3 OCs and compared with each other in terms of productivity, preparation period, physical and chemical characterization, and reactivity in CLC of lignite. Freeze granulation and spray drying methods were found to be more suitable for large‐scale production of OCs for CLC. The results of the comparative studies may provide guidelines for selecting appropriate methods for preparing OCs on industrial scale.
Structure-function relationship in bone: Anisotropic mechanical properties of trabecular bone determined using poroelastic ultrasound (2016)

In the ageing skeleton, trabecular bone adapts its porosity, microarchitecture, and tissue composition in response to its mechanical environment through a complex and well-orchestrated bone remodeling process. Such adaptation process allows bone to be mechanically competent to resist low-trauma fractures. However, the relationship between structure and function in bone is not yet fully known. To take into account the effect of anisotropic architecture on the mechanical properties of porous media, the fabric tensor F was introduced in bone Biomechanics by Cowin. The fabric tensor F is a quantitative stereological measure of the degree of structural anisotropy and the mechanical principal orientations of a porous medium. We recently incorporated the fabric tensor into the theory of wave propagation in a fluid saturated porous media, and showed that the fabric tensor is a good predictor of directional-dependent measurements of ultrasound in cancellous bone. In our current study, we demonstrate that the spatial distribution of mass and pore space in trabecular bone (i.e., fabric), when combined with its volume fraction and tissue mineral density, is able to well describe the directional-dependent variability of the anisotropic elastic and yield behavior of bone, which cannot predicted by bone mineral density alone.
The diaphanous wedge (1997)

Complete solutions for the scattering by a diaphanous wedge, meaning a wedge with identical wavenumbers inside and outside the wedge, are presented. The results are obtained from an integral equation for the fields on the wedge, which is solved by the Mellin and Kantorovich-Lebedev transforms in the static and dynamic cases, respectively. Pertinent formulations of Gegenbauer's addition theorems play an important part in the derivation of the results, which are presented in closed form.
Teaching Molecular Applications of the Particle-in-a-Ring Model Using Azulene (2002)

A particle in a box is a model widely used to bridge theoretical and experimental fields in introductory physical chemistry courses. Azulene is proposed as a model compound for an application as a particle in the ring—that is, a two-dimensional circular model. Students calculate the expected transition wavelength and compare this value with the absorption spectrum. The expected wavelength, λ, is 314 nm, within the range of the experimental absorption spectrum. Some caution is advised during data analysis. Azulene fluorescence and color enable extended work on the quantum mechanics and spectral characteristics of this molecule.
Unusual Structural Relaxation for Rare-Earth Impurities in Sapphire:Ab InitioStudy of Lanthanum (1998)

A first-principles density-functional local density approximation study of substitutional La, using 120-atom supercells of $\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{Al}{}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$, shows that La assumes a highly displaced position, moving over $0.5\AA{}$ from the original Al site. The La-O nearest neighbor distance is much smaller than the sum of standard $\mathrm{La}{}^{+3}$ and ${\mathrm{O}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ ionic radii. This is due to La being more ionic than in its own oxide, and to the role of the $5d\mathrm{shell}$, as the electron density within the displaced La is quite anisotropic. We discuss the implications for a systematic description of rare-earth ions implanted in sapphire.
Electronic Energy Transfer in Molecular Dyads Built Around Boron–Ethyne‐Substituted Subphthalocyanines (2009)

A cunning strategy has been devised for functionalizing and solubilizing subphthalocyanines at the central boron atom, so that the inherent photophysical properties remain intact. The approach, which leads to the formation of a stable B-C[triple bond]C linkage, is demonstrated by the isolation of two shape-persistent, photo-active molecular-scale dyads, each capable of multiple energy-transfer steps (see scheme, S = singlet energy transfer; T = triplet energy transfer).
KDM4C (GASC1) lysine demethylase is associated with mitotic chromatin and regulates chromosome segregation during mitosis (2014)

Various types of human cancers exhibit amplification or deletion of KDM4A-D members, which selectively demethylate H3K9 and H3K36, thus implicating their activity in promoting carcinogenesis. On this basis, it was hypothesized that dysregulated expression of KDM4A-D family promotes chromosomal instabilities by largely unknown mechanisms. Here, we show that unlike KDM4A-B, KDM4C is associated with chromatin during mitosis. This association is accompanied by a decrease in the mitotic levels of H3K9me3. We also show that the C-terminal region, containing the Tudor domains of KDM4C, is essential for its association with mitotic chromatin. More specifically, we show that R919 residue on the proximal Tudor domain of KDM4C is critical for its association with chromatin during mitosis. Interestingly, we demonstrate that depletion or overexpression of KDM4C, but not KDM4B, leads to over 3-fold increase in the frequency of abnormal mitotic cells showing either misaligned chromosomes at metaphase, anaphase-telophase lagging chromosomes or anaphase-telophase bridges. Furthermore, overexpression of KDM4C demethylase-dead mutant has no detectable effect on mitotic chromosome segregation. Altogether, our findings implicate KDM4C demethylase activity in regulating the fidelity of mitotic chromosome segregation by a yet unknown mechanism.
Effect of sorption on exposures to organic gases from environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) (2002)

The effects of sorption processes on dynamic ETS organic gas concentrations and potential exposures were studied in a carpeted and furnished 50-m{sup 3} room ventilated at 0.6 h{sup -1}. Ten cigarettes were machine-smoked on six of every seven days over four weeks. Concentrations of ETS-specific tracers and regulated toxic compounds were quantified during daily smoking, post-smoking and background periods. Potential exposures were calculated by period and day. Large sorption effects were observed for the widely used tracers 3-ethenylpyridine and nicotine, and for several toxic compounds including naphthalene and cresol isomers. Short-term adsorption to indoor surfaces reduced concentrations and potential exposures during smoking, while later reemission increased concentrations and exposures hours after smoking ended. Concentrations during nonsmoking periods rose from day to day over the first few weeks, presumably from increased reemission associated with increased sorbed mass concentrations. For sorbing compounds, more than half of daily potential exposures occurred during nonsmoking periods.
Preparation of Powdered Phospholipid Nanospheres by Spray Drying in an Aqueous System with Sugars. (1992)

Phospholipid nanosphere dispersion was prepared from phosphatidylcholine with or without vitamin E by the heating method. The dispersed particles had diameters of 8.6-150 nm. These nanosphere dispersions were powdered with sugars such as sucrose, lactose and mannitol by spray drying in an aqueous system. The resultant powders, except coformulation with mannitol, consisted of spherical, homogeneous and freely flowing particles, in which the sugar was amorphous. The powder yielded a nanosphere dispersion having almost the same particle size and optical density as the original dispersion, when rehydrated with water. The particle size of rehydrated nanospheres with vitamin E increased with the increasing amount of vitamin E coformulated. A water-soluble drug, 5-fluorouracil, could be entrapped in the nanospheres by rehydrating the powdered nanospheres with an aqueous solution of the drug. All the steps from the preparation of the original nanosphere dispersion to spray drying were performed in an aqueous system without using any organic solvent. The procedures described here should be suitable for the production of stable powdered nanosphere which can be rehydrated to form phospholipid nanosphere dispersions as required.
ENGINEERING NON-PHYSIOLOGICAL ELECTRON TRANSFER (1999)

Conference Abstract| February 01 1999 ENGINEERING NON-PHYSIOLOGICAL ELECTRON TRANSFER S. J. Sadeghi; S. J. Sadeghi 1Department of Biochemistry, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London SW7 2AZ Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar G. Gilardi G. Gilardi 1Department of Biochemistry, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London SW7 2AZ Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1999) 27 (1): A58. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst027a058b Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation S. J. Sadeghi, G. Gilardi; ENGINEERING NON-PHYSIOLOGICAL ELECTRON TRANSFER. Biochem Soc Trans 1 February 1999; 27 (1): A58. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst027a058b Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1999 Biochemical Society1999 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
A novel three-dimensional hierarchical CuAl layered double hydroxide with excellent catalytic activity for degradation of methyl orange (2017)

In this study, heterogeneous Fenton-like degradation of the reactive organic dye methyl orange in water was investigated over CuAl–Layered Double Hydroxide (CuAl–LDH) with high copper ions content as a base catalyst prepared by a hydrothermal synthesis.
The Dirichlet to Neumann mapping for harmonic differential forms (1999)

We show that the full symbol of the Dirichlet to Neumann map of the k-form Laplace’s equation on a Riemannian manifold (of dimension greater than 2) with boundary determines the full Taylor series of the metric at the boundary. This extends the result of Lee and Uhlmann for the case k = 0. The proof avoids the computation of the full symbol by using the calculus of pseudo-differential operators parametrized by a boundary normal coordinate and recursively calculating the principal symbol of the difference of boundary operators. It is hoped that this will inspire the further use of this technique which simplifies the proof of such uniqueness results for inverse boundary value problems for systems of partial differential equations. 1
Precise mask alignment to the crystallographic orientation of silicon wafers using wet anisotropic etching (1996)

A design tool for fast and precise determination of the crystallographic orientation in (001) and (011) silicon wafers using anisotropic wet etching is introduced. The design takes advantage of the symmetric under-etching behaviour around, but not at (!), the -directions. The pattern needs to be etched only for a short time, and after a very quick optical inspection it can be used for aligning subsequent masks, using the same masking layer, more or less automatically. Two effects were investigated in a number of common anisotropic etchants: KOH, KOH with isopropyl alcohol (KOH/IPA), ethylenediamine based solutions (EDP), and tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAH). The precision of the method was found in most cases to be better than .
Directional and nondirectional spectral reflection from the human fovea (2008)

A model of the directional and nondirectional reflection spectrum of the human fovea is developed, incorporating reflectors, absorbers, and a wavelength-dependent optical Stiles-Crawford effect (OSCE). Data from 102 healthy subjects between 18 and 75 years obtained with the fundus reflection analyzer (FRA), an imaging spectrograph that measures the directional reflection profile of the human fovea in the pupil plane from 400 to 950 nm, were analyzed. Subgroups of young (<40 years) and old (>50 years) observers were defined. Mean results of the young group defined a template for directionality versus wavelength. For the whole group, mean reflection at 550 nm from the cones was 2.12%, from the retinal pigment epithelium 0.56%, and from the choroid 7.92%. Lens density, cone disc reflection, and blood layer thickness showed significant trends versus age. The model for the first time simultaneously describes the spectra of the directional and nondirectional reflection of the human fovea. Rayleigh scatter losses of the media and in preretinal layers were assumed zero in the nondirectional pathway. Mean density of the macular pigment of a subgroup (53 subjects, 19 to 75 years) correlated significantly with independent data from reflectance and autoflourescence images obtained by scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO) and data from flicker photometry.
Prototype foamy virus intasome aggregation is mediated by outer protein domains and prevented by protocatechuic acid (2019)

The integrase (IN) enzyme of retrovirus prototype foamy virus (PFV) consists of four domains: amino terminal extension (NED), amino terminus (NTD), catalytic core (CCD), and carboxyl terminus domains (CTD). A tetramer of PFV IN with two viral DNA ends forms the functional intasome. Two inner monomers are catalytically active while the CCDs of the two outer monomers appear to play only structural roles. The NED, NTD, and CTD of the outer monomers are disordered in intasome structures. Truncation mutants reveal that integration to a supercoiled plasmid increases without the outer monomer CTDs present. Deletion of the outer CTDs enhances the lifetime of the intasome compared to full length (FL) IN or deletion of the outer monomer NTDs. High ionic strength buffer or several additives, particularly protocatechuic acid (PCA), enhance the integration of FL intasomes by preventing aggregation. These data confirm previous studies suggesting the disordered outer domains of PFV intasomes are not required for intasome assembly or integration. Instead, the outer CTDs contribute to aggregation of PFV intasomes which may be inhibited by high ionic strength buffer or the small molecule PCA.
Analytical energy dissipation models for low-power caches (1997)

We present detailed analytical models for estimating the energy dissipation in conventional caches as well as low energy cache architectures. The analytical models use the run time statistics such as hit/miss counts, fraction of read/write requests and assume stochastical distributions for signal values. These models are validated by comparing the power estimated using these models against the power estimated using a detailed simulator called CAPE (CAache Power Estimator). The analytical models for conventional caches are found to be accurate to within 2% error. However, these analytical models over-predict the dissipations of low-power caches by as much as 30%. The inaccuracies can be attributed to correlated signal values and locality of reference, both of which are exploited in making some cache organizations energy efficient.
New Associate Editor (2018)

It is with pleasure that I can introduce Prof. Wing-Hung Ki from The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, as a new Associate Editor for the Journal of Solid-State Circuits. The Journal will benefit deeply from his wide experience in power management circuits.
Transcriptional activation of short interspersed elements by DNA‐damaging agents (2001)

Short interspersed elements (SINEs), typified by the human Alu repeat, are RNA polymerase III (pol III)-transcribed sequences that replicate within the genome through an RNA intermediate. Replication of SINEs has been extensive in mammalian evolution: an estimated 5% of the human genome consists of Alu repeats. The mechanisms regulating transcription, reverse transcription, and reinsertion of SINE elements in genomic DNA are poorly understood. Here we report that expression of murine SINE transcripts of both the B1 and B2 classes is strongly upregulated after prolonged exposure to cisplatin, etoposide, or gamma radiation. A similar induction of Alu transcripts in human cells occurs under these conditions. This induction is not due to a general upregulation of pol III activity in either species. Genotoxic treatment of murine cells containing an exogenous human Alu element induced Alu transcription. Concomitant with the increased expression of SINEs, an increase in cellular reverse transcriptase was observed after exposure to these same DNA-damaging agents. These findings suggest that genomic damage may be an important activator of SINEs, and that SINE mobility may contribute to secondary malignancy after exposure to DNA-damaging chemotherapy. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A new model of vasculogenesis and angiogenesis in vitro as compared with vascular growth in the avian area vasculosa (1993)

In cultures of dissociated quail epiblast the basic constituents of the vascular system, blood cells and endothelial cells can be induced by basic fibroblast growth factor (Flamme and Risau, Development, 116: 435-439, 1992). As we show here, in those cultures three types of vascular plexus differentiate spontaneously under different culture conditions: At the 3rd day a vascular plexus appears in situ closely resembling the vascular plexus of the quail area opaca vasculosa (vasculogenesis). Vascular sprouts are formed, extending long filopodia at their tips. Such filopodia are shown to build the first intervascular bridges in the growing vascular plexus of the area vasculosa at embryonic day 3. Connections of filopodia turn out to be precursors of new capillaries interconnecting pre-existing blood vessels (angiogenesis). Two further types of in vitro capillary plexus differentiate in long term endothelial cell cultures derived from induced angioblasts. Whereas one closely resembles so-called angiogenesis in vitro, the third type comprises mainly multinucleated giant endothelial cells lining loop like capillaries and represents a differentiation of aging endothelial cell culture. Thus, the present in vitro model is an approach to the sequence of angioblast induction, vasculogenesis, and angiogenesis.
Species-Specific Resistance to Antimicrobial Synergism in Streptococcus faecium and Streptococcus faecalis (1979)

Combinations of penicillin with various aminoglycosidic aminocyclitols were tested against a collection of clinical isolates of Streptococcus faecium in vitro and were used to treat endocarditis caused by S. faecium in the rabbit model. S. faecium proved more resistant to penicillin than Streptococcus faecalis. Even more striking, however, was the resistance to in vitro synergism by combinations of penicillin and various aminoglycosides. At clinically achievable concentrations, penicillin-gentamicin was the only combination that was synergistic against all strains that were tested. Combinations of penicillin and streptomycin and penicillin and amikacin were synergistic only against those strains that were not highly resistant to streptomycin and kanamycin, respectively. Combinations of penicillin with kanamycin, tobramycin, sisomicin, or netilmicin failed to produce synergism against any of these strains. The possible clinical significance of these findings was verified by use of the rabbit model of endocarditis. Combinations of penicillin with gentamicin or streptomycin were synergistic in the therapy of endocarditis that was produced by a strain of S. faecium that did not have a high level of resistance to aminoglycosides. However, the combination of penicillin and netilmicin was no more effective than penicillin alone.
Phthalocyanine green aluminum pigment prepared by inorganic acid radical/radical polymerization for waterborne textile applications (2016)

Polymer-encapsulated phthalocyanine green aluminum pigment was prepared via inorganic acid radical/radical polymerization route, and its properties were investigated by FT-IR, TGA, XPS, SEM, and TEM. SEM and TEM images showed that the aluminum pigment was encapsulated by a thin film of polymer which ensured good anti-corrosive performance in alkaline (pH 12) and acidic (pH 1) mediums. XPS results showed significant chemical shifts, and increase in binding energies to higher levels after raw aluminum pigment was phosphate coated and colored by phthalocyanine green pigment. TGA results suggest a marginal reduction in its thermal stability. Major absorbance peaks, such as aluminum phosphate (AlPO4), different monomer units and CH2 stretching vibration of phthalocyanine green G were highlighted in the FTIR spectra of the colored aluminum matrix. The polymer-encapsulated aluminum pigment (PAP) had excellent UPF properties regardless of the coating thickness, but the handle of the fabric was affected when the coating thickness increased beyond 0.04 mm. The prepared pigment showed excellent rubbing and washing fastness, but its handle and color strength were compromised when the content of monomer ratio by 100 % weight of PGAP increased beyond 10 %, was applied on cotton fabrics. This research provides a simple but effective route for the preparation of polymer-encapsulated aluminum pigments for waterborne textile applications.
Both Maternal and Fetal Cell‐Free DNA in Plasma Fluctuate (2001)

Elevations in the concentration of cell-free fetal DNA in maternal plasma have recently been determined in various pregnancy-related disorders, including preeclampsia, preterm labor, and polyhydramnios. In addition, almost 2-fold increments in cell-free fetal DNA levels have been recorded in pregnancies with certain aneuploid fetuses, in particular trisomy 21. These findings have led to the speculation that quantitative assessment of circulatory fetal DNA may be useful in the noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of certain fetal genetic constellations or pregnancy-related disorders. A premise for any quantitative analysis is that the quantity of the analyte being assayed does not vary greatly over time. As this aspect has not been examined for circulatory DNA levels, we examined these in normal healthy individuals as well as in pregnant women. Our data indicate that severalfold alterations in circulatory DNA amounts do occur over short periods of time. Of particular note is that we observed almost 2-fold variations in free fetal DNA levels over a period of 3 days, which are in a similar range to the elevations noted in aneuploid pregnancies. Our results, therefore, imply that caution should be used when using small increments in circulatory fetal DNA concentrations for potential diagnostic applications.