gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multicenter retrospective cohort study of the association between surgery for odontoid fractures in the elderly and in-hospital outcomes (2023)

Odontoid fractures are increasingly prevalent in older adults and associated with high morbidity and mortality. Optimal management remains controversial. Our study aims to investigate the association between surgical management of odontoid fractures and in-hospital mortality in a multi-center geriatric cohort. We identified patients 65 years or older with C2 odontoid fractures from the Trauma Quality Improvement Program database. The primary study outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes were in-hospital complications and hospital length of stay. Generalized estimating equation models were used to compare outcomes between operative and non-operative cohorts. Among the 13,218 eligible patients, 1100 (8.3%) were treated surgically. The risk of in-hospital mortality did not differ between surgical and non-surgical groups, after patient and hospital-level adjustment (OR: 0.94, 95%CI: 0.55-1.60). The risks of major complications and immobility-related complications were higher in the operative cohort (adjusted OR: 2.12, 95%CI: 1.53-2.94; and OR: 2.24, 95%CI: 1.38-3.63, respectively). Patients undergoing surgery had extended in-hospital length of stay compared to the non-operative group (9 days, IQR: 6-12 days vs. 4 days, IQR: 3-7 days). These findings were supported by secondary analyses that considered between-center differences in rates of surgery. Among geriatric patients with odontoid fractures surgical management was associated with similar in-hospital mortality, but higher in-hospital complication rates compared to non-operative management. Surgical management of geriatric patients with odontoid fractures requires careful patient selection and consideration of pre-existing comorbidities.
Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone in Rat Brain: Nyctohemeral Variations (1977)

The concentration of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) was measured by specific radioimmunoassay in three different brain regions of rats sacrificed every 4 h over a 24 h period. TRH concentration reached a zenith at 1200 h both in the hypothalamus and the amygdala but did not vary in the forebrain. These results indicate that a nyctohemaral variation of TRH levels exists in hypothalamic and extrahypothalamic brain areas.
Comparing the Cost-Effectiveness of Innovative Colorectal Cancer Screening Tests (2020)

This study suggests that for individuals not willing to participate in FIT or colonoscopy screening, mSEPT9 is the test of choice if the high colonoscopy referral rate is acceptable to them.
Evaluation oberer Atemwegsobstruktion bei zentralen Apnoen auf Basis der forcierten Oszillationstechnik und mandatorischer Druckhüben (2019)

Einleitung Die Literatur beschreibt das Phänomen zentraler Apnoen (ZA) mit gleichzeitiger oberer Atemwegsobstruktion auf Basis endoskopischer Untersuchungen. Deren Detektion ist anhand einer Routine-Polysomnografie (PSG) nicht zuverlässig möglich und die tatsächliche Prävalenz unbekannt. Ziel dieser Studie war eine Bestimmung der Häufigkeit ZA mit oberer Atemwegsobstruktion unter Anwendung verschiedener Methoden.
The End of Full Employment (1982)

'The Government accept as one of their primary aims and responsibilities the maintenance of a high and stable level of employment after the war'. This is the opening of the White Paper on Employment Policy (Cmd. 6527) issued in May 1944 by the British Coalition Government, in which the three main parties were represented. This marked a revolutionary change in economic policy and undertook a commitment which no previous British Government would have contemplated. For the next three years the problems were those of transition, but as excess demand slackened the new policy had to be implemented. In November 1947 Sir Stafford Cripps succeeded Mr Dalton as Chancellor of the Exchequer and retained the portfolio he already held as Minister of Economic Affairs. As Director of the Economic Section of the Cabinet Office (later transferred to the Treasury and called Economic Adviser to H.M.G.), I became in effect his economic adviser, remaining in this capacity under successive Chancellors until my retirement in 1961. This paper is a short account of how the policy worked in practice and some reflections on later events.
Les matériaux composites à base de bois rétifié. (1999)

National audience
An Example Of Autonomous Vehicle Control (2005)

An autonomous mobile robot must be constantly involved in the processing of large amounts of data in order to produce meaningful actions. The ability of a control architecture to support this immense processing task in a timely manner is significantly affected by the organization of information pathways within the architecture. Based on lessons learned from our experience with a hierarchical architecture for autonomous cross-country navigation (Daily et al 1987) (Keirsey, Payton, Rosenblatt 1988), we have adopted a different approach which emphasizes the minimization of information loss both within and between system layers. We will illustrate our approach by presenting an design of an control architecture for an autonomous vehicle tasked to perform road reconnaissance.
Supplementary figure 2 from Characterization of HCC Mouse Models: Towards an Etiology-Oriented Subtyping Approach (2023)

&lt;p&gt;non-tumorous murine livers&lt;/p&gt;
Spin-Texture Reorientation transition demonstrated on the surface of a topological insulator (A Bi2Se3 based Surface Magnetic Topological Insulator in MBE films) (2012)

The surface of topological insulators is proposed as a promising platform for spintronics and quantum information applications. In particular, when time- reversal symmetry is broken, topological surface states are expected to exhibit a wide range of exotic spin phenomena for potential implementation in electronics. Such devices need to be fabricated using nanoscale artificial thin films. It is of critical importance to study the spin behavior of artificial topological MBE thin films associated with magnetic dopants, and with regards to quantum size effects related to surface-to-surface tunneling as well as experimentally isolate time-reversal breaking from non-intrinsic surface electronic gaps. Here we present observation of the first (and thorough) study of magnetically induced spin reorientation phenomena on the surface of a topological insulator. Our results reveal dramatic rearrangements of the spin configuration upon magnetic doping contrasted with chemically similar nonmagnetic doping as well as with quantum tunneling phenomena in ultra-thin high quality MBE films. While we observe that the spin rearrangement induced by quantum tunneling occurs in a time-reversal invariant fashion, we present critical and systematic observation of an out-of-plane spin texture evolution correlated with magnetic interactions, which breaks time-reversal symmetry, demonstrating microscopic TRB at a Kramers' point on the surface.
Free-standing 2.7 μm thick ultrathin crystalline silicon solar cell with efficiency above 12.0% (2020)

In this paper, a record-breaking efficiency of 12.3% is experimentally demonstrated for a flexible free-standing, 2.7-μm-thick ultrathin crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cell, which is the highest ever-reported sub 3 μm c-Si solar cells. The first breakthrough of this study is achieving an exceptionally small exposure feature size of 350 nm using photolithography stepper without any additional stringent requirements on wafer flatness or depth of focus (DOF) of the projection system. This small exposure feature size enables the fabrication of a light-trapping scheme: a design of close-packed 700-nm-period touching inverted-pyramid nanostructures for enhanced light absorption. Furthermore, to reduce contact recombination, this work is also first to report the integration of nickel oxide (NiOx) as hole-selective contacts in conjunction with the nano-structure light trapping scheme on a free-standing ultrathin cell. The efficacy of these two mechanisms to enhance ultrathin c-Si cell efficiency is characterized in terms of the short circuit current density and open circuit voltage. The free-standing cell also shows good mechanical flexibility and compliance. In addition to demonstrating silicon-compatible fabrication, this work shows the potential of ultrathin c-Si technology to not only reduce material cost, but also maintain competitive device performance.
The First Complete Papillomavirus Genome Characterized from a Marsupial Host: a Novel Isolate from Bettongia penicillata (2010)

The first fully sequenced papillomavirus (PV) of marsupials, tentatively named Bettongia penicillata papillomavirus type 1 (BpPV1), was detected in papillomas from a woylie (Bettongia penicillata ogilbyi). The circular, double-stranded DNA genome contains 7,737 bp and encodes 7 open reading frames (ORFs), E6, E7, E1, E2, E4, L2, and L1, in typical PV conformation. BpPV1 is a close-to-root PV with L1 and L2 ORFs most similar to European hedgehog PV and bandicoot papillomatosis carcinomatosis virus types 1 and 2 (BPCV1 and -2). It appears that the BPCVs arose by recombination between an ancient PV and an ancient polyomavirus more than 10 million years ago.
206203 Optimum Design Method using Correlation between Components and Its Application to Plate Structures (2011)

In the plate structures that consist of the frame and the panel, the panel vibration is caused to the external force that is transmitted to the panel through the frame. In this study, the optimum design method is proposed by using the correlation between components to reduce the vibration efficiently.
An update on generalized pustular psoriasis (2019)

<b>Introduction</b>: Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a rare, severe relapsing/remitting, multisystem disease that can be difficult to treat. Recent clinical, histological, and genetic evidence suggests that GPP is a distinct clinical entity from plaque psoriasis and requires a separate diagnosis. The interleukin-36 pathway appears to be central to GPP pathogenesis. As no therapeutic agents have been approved for GPP to date in the United States or Europe, the introduction of anti-IL-36 therapies may change disease management. <b>Areas covered</b>: Using PubMed and Google Scholar, we reviewed the literature for articles related to GPP, psoriasis, and the genetics, pathogenesis, and treatment thereof. <b>Expert opinion</b>: New therapeutic options and updated guidelines for GPP treatment are needed. Ideal agents would have rapid onset of action and rapid time to achieve disease clearance, have the ability to prevent acute flares and avert recurrence, and possess a favorable safety profile. Such therapies should be readily accessible via approval or listing on formularies. Scoring systems to establish GPP disease burden and objective outcome measures could also help with further evaluation of therapies and treatment access issues. IL-36 remains a promising target, as supported by early phase data suggesting efficacy and safety for a novel anti-IL-36 therapy.
The ability of lymphoscintigraphy to direct sentinel node biopsy in the clinically N0 neck for patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (2002)

This study aimed to evaluate the ability of lymphoscintigraphy (LSG) to direct sentinel node biopsy (SNB) in the identification of occult metastases in the clinically N0 neck for patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). 57 clinically N0 neck sides in 48 patients were assessed using the triple diagnostic approach of pre-operative LSG, intra-operative use of a gamma probe and blue dye. SNB was performed after radiocolloid and blue dye injection. Pre-operative LSG and the intra-operative use of a gamma probe identified radioactive sentinel nodes, and visualization of blue stained lymphatics identified blue sentinel nodes. 104 sentinel nodes were harvested from 43 patients. The identification rate was 90% (43 of 48). Of the 104 nodes harvested, 17 of 62 (27%) nodes identified as both radioactive and blue were positive for occult metastases compared with 5 of 42 (12%) nodes identified as hot or blue only (p<0.05). Sentinel nodes were identified in 39 of 48 (81%) patients using LSG. Of 39 patients in whom sentinel nodes were identified using LSG, 37 of 39 (95%) had radioactive sentinel nodes harvested intra-operatively. In patients who had no sentinel nodes identified on LSG, 4 of 9 (44%) had radioactive sentinel nodes harvested intra-operatively. This difference was statistically significant using the t-test (p<0.05). LSG directs SNB and is essential in the identification of occult metastases within the clinically N0 neck for patients with HNSCC.
Use of a medical positron emission tomography cyclotron to perform proton-induced X-ray emission analysis (2018)

We explored whether medical positron emission tomography (PET) cyclotron proton beams could be used for proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analysis. The beam current of the medical PET cyclotron is high, as required for radioisotope production, and is not commonly used for PIXE analysis. We successfully extracted stable proton beams of low intensity by using the ion source of a medical cyclotron to exploit proton impurities in deuteron gas. We performed 20-MeV PIXE analysis of a biological sample (used tea leaves). Elements lighter than Sr could be detected with high sensitivity ([Formula: see text]14 ppm) using a silicon drift detector. We thus showed that a medical cyclotron widely used for PET diagnosis could be employed for PIXE analysis of biological samples.
A comprehensive collection of point mutations in the internal promoter of the adenoviral VAI gene. (1987)

Point mutations in the adenoviral VAI gene promoter were generated by in vitro mutagenesis with sodium bisulfite and were identified by three phenotypes: the disappearance of certain restriction endonuclease cleavage sites, altered rates of transcription in cell-free extracts, and altered mobility of the RNA product on denaturing acrylamide gels. 25 different point mutations were assayed for their effect on VAI transcription in HeLa S100 extracts. Mutations which change the transcriptional ability of the gene were localized in the internal control regions which are highly conserved among genes transcribed by RNA polymerase III. The magnitude of the change in transcription correlates with the degree of conservation in the consensus sequence at the site of the mutation. Most of the mutations either do not change the transcription rate or reduce transcription less than 6-fold. Two mutations severely reduce the amount of RNA produced, whereas three mutations increase the production of VAI RNA. A second site revertant that partially restores transcription to a mutant gene that produces no detectable VAI has also been isolated.
Incoherent-light temporal stretching of high-speed intensity waveforms (2014)

We propose and demonstrate experimentally the first incoherent-light scheme for temporal imaging (magnification) of intensity waveforms. The scheme is based on a time-domain equivalent of a pinhole camera under incoherent illumination, involving two dispersive lines and temporal intensity modulation with a short gate. We report incoherent-light temporal stretching of radiofrequency waveforms by a magnification factor of 2.86, with a time-bandwidth product exceeding 160, i.e., a resolution of ~50 ps over a temporal aperture of ~8 ns, totally avoiding the use of chirp-controlled pulsed lasers. This work opens up new perspectives for realization of many critical high-speed signal-processing modules using practical incoherent light-wave schemes.
An Organometallic Super‐Gelator with Multiple‐Stimulus Responsive Properties (2008)

A super-gelator for cyclohexane is presented, one of four cholesterol-appended ferrocene derivatives specifically designed and prepared as new low-molecular-weight organogelators. The gel forming from this system can be molded into films, forms at room temperature, and is responsive to various stimuli (see figure), including heating, shaking, sonication, and chemical oxidation, which endows it with promising potential applications.
Widening Operators for Abstract Interpretation (2008)

Interpretation, one of the most applied techniques for semantics based static analysis of software, is based on two main key-concepts: the correspondence between concrete and abstract semantics through Galois connections/insertions, and the feasibility of a fixed point computation of the abstract semantics, through the fast convergence of widening operators. The latter point is crucial to ensure the scalability of the analysis to large software systems. In this paper, we investigate which properties are necessary to support a systematic design of widening operators, by discussing and comparing different definitions in the literature, and by proposing various ways to combine them. In particular, we prove that, for Galois insertions, widening is preserved by abstraction, and we show how widening operators can be combined for the cartesian and reduced product of abstract domains.
The human viral challenge model: accelerating the evaluation of respiratory antivirals, vaccines and novel diagnostics (2018)

The Human Viral Challenge (HVC) model has, for many decades, helped in the understanding of respiratory viruses and their role in disease pathogenesis. In a controlled setting using small numbers of volunteers removed from community exposure to other infections, this experimental model enables proof of concept work to be undertaken on novel therapeutics, including vaccines, immunomodulators and antivirals, as well as new diagnostics.Crucially, unlike conventional phase 1 studies, challenge studies include evaluable efficacy endpoints that then guide decisions on how to optimise subsequent field studies, as recommended by the FDA and thus licensing studies that follow. Such a strategy optimises the benefit of the studies and identifies possible threats early on, minimising the risk to subsequent volunteers but also maximising the benefit of scarce resources available to the research group investing in the research. Inspired by the principles of the 3Rs (Replacement, Reduction and Refinement) now commonly applied in the preclinical phase, HVC studies allow refinement and reduction of the subsequent development phase, accelerating progress towards further statistically powered phase 2b studies. The breadth of data generated from challenge studies allows for exploration of a wide range of variables and endpoints that can then be taken through to pivotal phase 3 studies.We describe the disease burden for acute respiratory viral infections for which current conventional development strategies have failed to produce therapeutics that meet clinical need. The Authors describe the HVC model's utility in increasing scientific understanding and in progressing promising therapeutics through development.The contribution of the model to the elucidation of the virus-host interaction, both regarding viral pathogenicity and the body's immunological response is discussed, along with its utility to assist in the development of novel diagnostics.Future applications of the model are also explored.
Fire and smoke detection in video with optimal mass transport based optical flow and neural networks (2010)

Detection of fire and smoke in video is of practical and theoretical interest. In this paper, we propose the use of optimal mass transport (OMT) optical flow as a low-dimensional descriptor of these complex processes. The detection process is posed as a supervised Bayesian classification problem with spatio-temporal neighborhoods of pixels;feature vectors are composed of OMT velocities and R,G,B color channels. The classifier is implemented as a single-hidden-layer neural network. Sample results show probability of pixels belonging to fire or smoke. In particular, the classifier successfully distinguishes between smoke and similarly colored white wall, as well as fire from a similarly colored background.
Compensated Deleterious Mutations in Insect Genomes (2004)

Relatively little is known about the importance of amino acid interactions in protein and phenotypic evolution. Here we examine whether mutations that are pathogenic in Drosophila melanogaster become fixed via epistasis in other Dipteran genomes. Overall divergence at pathogenic amino acid sites is reduced. However, approximately 10% of the substitutions at these sites carry the exact same pathogenic amino acid found in D. melanogaster mutants. Hence compensatory mutation(s) must have evolved. Surprisingly, the fraction 10% is not affected by phylogenetic distance. These results support a selection-driven process that allows compensated amino acid substitutions to become rapidly fixed in taxa with large populations.
β-Carboline-Induced Anxiety States (1984)

Several C-3-substituted beta-carbolines (e.g., the ethyl ester of beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid) have high affinities for benzodiazepine receptors and can antagonize the principal pharmacologic actions of the benzodiazepines. The observation that some of these compounds also possess 'intrinsic' actions, best described as pharmacologically opposite to the benzodiazepines, has provided a chemically induced model of extreme stress or anxiety. The actions of such compounds in currently used animal models of anxiety are reviewed, as well as the effects of these compounds in primates, including man.
The Bucky and Zeus-2D Computer Codes for Simulating High Energy Density ICF Plasmas (1996)

BUCKY and ZEUS-2D are two radiation hydrodynamics codes under development at the University of Wisconsin for the simulation of the behavior of high energy density plasmas found in ICF targets and target chambers. The ZEUS-2D code was originally developed at the National Center for Supercomputer Applications. BUCKY is a 1-D Lagrangian code which models many physical phenomena. Verification of these models in BUCKY with experiments is in progress. ZEUS-2D is a 2-D Eulerian radiation magnetohydrodynamics code written for astrophysical applications. It contains relatively simple radiation physics models which are being enhanced by implementing models from the BUCKY code.
Use of the Electronic Health Record (EHR) to Improve the Pre-Transpalnt Process for Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation. (2014)

We describe the effect of EPIC electronic health record (EHR) implementation in 2012 in the pre-kidney transplant process at our center. Methods: We retrospectively examined the following data from our center from 2011-2013: time from referral to evaluation appointment, time from appointment to committee approval and listing, number of patients listed and transplanted, and occurrence of preventable errors (i.e., ABO and crossmatch compatibility, virological screening, identification of medical contraindications to transplantation). Over the last 3 years, our kidney transplant center has refined the use of the EPIC EHR to improve the process of accepting and scheduling patient referrals, streamlining the evaluation process, and initiating new safety checks and record keeping tools for patients. We currently employ electronic templates for clinic notes and letters to patients and referring providers and to create tables for tracking work-up and wait-list status, selection conference review, approval, and safety documentation. All pre-transplant test results, processes, committee recommendations, and safety meeting conclusions are easily accessible in the EHR. Results: We observed a marked decrease in time from referral to evaluation and time from evaluation to listing.Table: No Caption available.The number of new patients listed at our center increased by 107% and was associated with a 156% increase in the number of living and 53% increase in the number of deceased donor kidney transplants performed at our center.Figure: No Caption available.We experienced a zero-preventable error rate during this time period. Conclusion: The adoption and customization of an EHR has streamlined the pre-transplant process and optimized safety for new kidney transplant candidates, contributing to an overall increase in both number of patients waitlisted and transplanted at our center.