gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of Crack-Free Colloidal Crystals Using a Modified Vertical Deposition Method (2007)

We report on a novel template-free method for the fabrication of crack-free colloidal crystals by using a modified vertical deposition method. In this method, a colloidal suspension of silica spheres containing a silica precursor (an acidic tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) solution) was used in the vertical deposition fabrication process. Hydrolysis of the silica precursor produced silica species, which filled up the voids between the self-assembled silica spheres to avoid the formation of cracks upon drying of the colloidal crystal film. The silica in the interstices of the silica beads can be easily removed using hydrofluoric acid vapor, leaving behind a crack-free colloidal crystal film. The amount of the silica precursor solution needed to fabricate crack-free film increased with the increasing number of layers of silica spheres. When an excessive amount of the silica precursor solution was added in the vertical deposition process of producing silica sphere bilayer, the resultant colloidal crystal film curled and peeled off from the substrate and a large-area nanobowl array was left on the substrate.
Selective resistance of bone marrow-derived hemopoietic progenitor cells to gliotoxin. (1987)

The fungal metabolite gliotoxin at low concentrations prevents mitogen stimulation of mature lymphocytes as a result of gliotoxin-induced genomic DNA degradation. Bone marrow, on the other hand, contains a subpopulation of cells resistant to gliotoxin at similar concentrations. This population includes the hemopoietic progenitor cells that grow in vitro in response to appropriate colony-stimulating factors and cells that form colonies in the spleens of lethally irradiated recipients. Gliotoxin treatment of lymph node cell-enriched bone marrow significantly delayed the onset of graft-versus-host disease in fully allogeneic bone marrow chimeras.
Supplementary Figures and Tables from High PD-1/PD-L1 Checkpoint Interaction Infers Tumor Selection and Therapeutic Sensitivity to Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Treatment (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figures and Tables&lt;/p&gt;
Integrating historical, clinical and molecular genetic data in order to explain the origin and virulence of the 1918 Spanish influenza virus (2001)

The Spanish influenza pandemic of 1918-1919 caused acute illness in 25-30% of the world's population and resulted in the death of 40 million people. The complete genomic sequence of the 1918 influenza virus will be deduced using fixed and frozen tissues of 1918 influenza victims. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses of the complete 1918 haemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes show them to be the most avian-like of mammalian sequences and support the hypothesis that the pandemic virus contained surface protein-encoding genes derived from an avian influenza strain and that the 1918 virus is very similar to the common ancestor of human and classical swine H1N1 influenza strains. Neither the 1918 HA genes nor the NA genes possessed mutations that are known to increase tissue tropicity, which accounts for the virulence of other influenza strains such as A/WSN/33 or fowl plague viruses. The complete sequence of the nonstructural (NS) gene segment of the 1918 virus was deduced and tested for the hypothesis that the enhanced virulence in 1918 could have been due to type I interferon inhibition by the NS1 protein. The results from these experiments were inconclusive. Sequence analysis of the 1918 pandemic influenza virus is allowing us to test hypotheses as to the origin and virulence of this strain. This information should help to elucidate how pandemic influenza strains emerge and what genetic features contribute to their virulence.
Thermodynamic properties of the liquid Ag-Bi-Pb solutions (2003)

Employing the electrochemical cells with the solid electrolyte: Pb,PbO| O -2 | air(p O2 = 0.21 atm) and Ag + Bi + Pb,PbO |O -2 | air(p O2 = 0.21 atm) at first Gibbs free energy of formation of solid PbO was determined over the temperature range 848-1123K: ΔG 0 f,PbO = -215765 + 96.41* T [J/mol]. Next, activities of lead in the liquid ternary Ag-Bi-Pb solutions along the cross-section X Bi /X Pb = 1, and for alloy compositions X Ag = 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8 were measured. Obtained data were used to estimate ternary interaction parameter in the equation describing thermodynamic properties of liquid solutions. Consequently, ternary Ag-Bi-Pb phase diagram was recalculated taking into account the deviation from ideality of liquid ternary solutions.
Relationships among ventricular arrhythmias, coronary artery disease, and angiographic and electrocardiographic indicators of myocardial fibrosis. (1978)

This study was performed to determine the relationships among angiographic, hemodynamic, clinical, and electrocardiographic data and premature ventricular contractions (PVCs). Arrhythmias were analyzed by 24 hour Holter monitor in 244 patients evaluated for chest pain by coronary angiography and left ventriculography. Using a categorical linear model, the presence of myocardial fibrosis as indicated by both abnormal left ventricular contraction (LVC) and abnormal initial QRS on electrocardiogram was found to be the only independent predictor of both frequent and complex ventricular arrhythmias (P less than .0001). All other descriptors, including the number of diseased vessels (greater than or equal to 75% obstruction), were dependent upon abnormal LVC in their association with PVCs. When the right anterior oblique view of the left ventriculogram was divided into nine segments to allow automated quantiative analysis of LVC, the prevalence of frequent PVCs was directly related to the number of abnormally contracting segments. Of patients with 0 abnormal segments, 11% had greater than or equal to 2 PVC/hr, in contrast to 44%, 73% and 100% of patients with 1-3, 4-6, and 7-9 abnormal wall segments, respectively (P less than 0.01). A similar quantitative relationship was found between premature ventricular contractions and abnormal initial forces indicating previous myocardial infarction on the electrocardiogram.
Fundamentos romanísticos del Derecho contemporáneo. Tomo I. Derecho público romano (2025)

El Derecho Romano constituye la experiencia juridica mas paradigmatica de la historia europea. La relegacion que historicamente se ha producido en el estudio del Derecho Publico Romano no se justifica, a juicio del autor, en atencion a la unidad de la ciencia juridica, y del propio Derecho Romano, como ordenamiento global de la comunidad politica romana, a la necesidad de explicar la norma juridica en el contexto politico y socioeconomico en el que nace, y a las multiples y variadas ensenanzas que depara el estudio de los principios y normas constitucionales, administrativas, penales, fiscales o internacionales que caracterizan a la comunidad romana. La ensenanza del Digesto justinianeo en la Bolonia del siglo XI, esta en el origen de la que fue la primera universidad europea y contribuye, desde entonces a la conformacion de la logica y el razonamiento juridico de los estudiantes de las Facultades de Derecho. La principal novedad de esta vigesima edicion consiste en actualizar el tema XVI correspondiente al Derecho Administrativo Romano, con la adicion de un apartado titulado Defensa de intereses generales y acciones populares. En la Roma republicana el ejercicio de las actiones populares correspondia a cualquier ciudadano, quivis de populo o quiqunque agere volet, y tenia como finalidad la tutela de intereses generales en una esfera propiamente publica, ligada a la persecucion de crimenes publicos o al uso publico de los bienes publicos, o bien afectaba a una ambito con mayor vinculacion a la utilidad privada del civis.
Odor as an ald to chemical safety: Odor thresholds compared with threshold limit values and volatilities for 214 industrial chemicals in air and water dilution (1983)

The body of information in this paper is directed to specialists in industrial health and safety, and air and water pollution, who need quantitative data on the odor thresholds of potentially hazardous chemical vapors and gases. The literature, largely unorganized, has been reviewed for 214 compounds and condensed into tables based on consistent units. Data on the volatility, solubility, ionization and water-air distribution ratio at 25 degrees C are included. From the currently recommended threshold limit value (TLV), a safe dilution factor and an odor safety factor are calculated for each compound. The equivalent data are presented for both air and water dilutions of the chemicals. Available data are summarized on the variability of odor sensitivities in the population, and the increased odor concentrations that are required to elicit responses from persons whose attention is distracted, or who are sleeping. This information is reduced to calibration charts that may be used to estimate the relative detectability, warning potential and rousing capacity of the odorous vapors. Each compound has been assigned a letter classification, from A to E, to indicate the margin of safety, if any, that may be afforded by the odor of the compound as a warning that its threshold limit value is being exceeded.
Lattice protein folding with two and four-body statistical potentials (2001)

The cooperative folding of proteins implies a description by multibody potentials. Such multibody potentials can be generalized from common two-body statistical potentials through a relation to probability distributions of residue clusters via the Boltzmann condition. In this exploratory study, we compare a four-body statistical potential, defined by the Delaunay tessellation of protein structures, to the Miyazawa-Jernigan (MJ) potential for protein structure prediction, using a lattice chain growth algorithm. We use the four-body potential as a discriminatory function for conformational ensembles generated with the MJ potential and examine performance on a set of 22 proteins of 30-76 residues in length. We find that the four-body potential yields comparable results to the two-body MJ potential, namely, an average coordinate root-mean-square deviation (cRMSD) value of 8 A for the lowest energy configurations of all-alpha proteins, and somewhat poorer cRMSD values for other protein classes. For both two and four-body potentials, superpositions of some predicted and native structures show a rough overall agreement. Formulating the four-body potential using larger data sets and direct, but costly, generation of conformational ensembles with multibody potentials may offer further improvements. Proteins 2001;43:161-174.
Cloning and Expression of a Rat Brain Interleukin-1β-Converting Enzyme (ICE)-Related Protease (IRP) and Its Possible Role in Apoptosis of Cultured Cerebellar Granule Neurons (1997)

Several members of the IL-1beta-converting enzyme (ICE) family of proteases recently have been implicated in the intracellular cascade mediating the apoptotic death of various cell types. It is unclear, however, whether ICE-related proteases are involved in apoptosis of mammalian neurons and, if so, how they are activated. Here we report the cloning of an ICE-related protease (IRP) from rat brain, which displays strong sequence identity to human CPP32. In situ hybridization histochemistry reveals that this IRP mRNA is expressed in neuron-enriched regions of the developing and adult rat brain but is profoundly downregulated in the adult (compared with developing) brain. To investigate whether this IRP is involved in the death of neurons in the developing brain, we studied IRP expression in cultured cerebellar granule neurons. In cultured cerebellar granule neurons, reduction of extracellular K+ reliably induces apoptosis and stimulates overexpression of IRP mRNA. The latter is especially prominent 4 hr after switching from high K+ to low K+ medium. The expression of IRP mRNA was maintained at this level for at least 8 hr and was followed by apoptotic death of these neurons. Induction of IRP mRNA and cell death are blocked completely by adding depolarizing concentrations of K+ </=90 min after switching to low K+ medium (i.e., before the commitment point for apoptosis) and partially blocked by brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which also partially rescues granule neurons from low K+-induced apoptosis. In addition, overexpression of IRP cDNA in HeLa cells results in cell death accompanied by strong internucleosomal cleavage of DNA, a typical feature of apoptosis. Finally, we detected cleavage of the putative death substrate poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), beginning 8 hr after changing from high K+ to low K+ medium, coinciding with the time course of induced expression of the IRP gene. Our data suggest that transcriptional activation of IRP could be one of the mechanisms involved in the apoptotic death of cerebellar granule neurons.
A simple rapid gas-chromatography flame-ionization-detector (GC-FID) method for the determination of ethanol from fermentation processes (2012)

In the recent years, we have been facing an exponential increase in energy demand. To date, fossil fuels are the fuel of choice, but rise in costs, depletion of reservoirs and growing awareness to the environmental effects, have elevated the appeal of renewable energy sources. Among the most attractive substitutes, especially in the context of fuel for transportation, is bioethanol – the ethanol produced by microbial fermentation of feedstock. However, research in this growing field is hampered, especially in developing countries, by the cost of current ethanol quantification methods. Here we presented a simple, rapid, low-cost method for ethanol quantification based on organic extraction followed by gas-chromatography flame-ionization-detector (GC-FID) chromatography. This method offers wide range detection (1 to 30% v/v) and was demonstrated as suitable for fermentation process.
				
					 
				
					Key words: Bioethanol, yeast, fermentation, ethanol quantification, gas chromatography.
Attraction and oviposition of Ephestia kuehniella induced by volatiles identified from chocolate products (2006)

Abstract Host‐plant volatiles or other volatiles that attract moths, especially females, could be useful as trap baits or as a complement to pheromones in pest management. Three chocolate products, which had previously been found to be attractive to other pyralid moths, were screened by combined gas chromatography‐electrophysiology for compounds that could be used for trapping of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) moths. Nine compounds were identified as electrophysiologically active using the antennae of both sexes of E. kuehniella . Three of them, namely, benzyl alcohol, nonanal, and phenylacetaldehyde (PAA), showed a clear dose‐dependent electroantennogram (EAG) response on both female and male antennae. In addition, vanillin and ethyl vanillin were electrophysiologically active on male antennae. A blend of benzyl alcohol, nonanal, and PAA was found to trap males in a small‐scale tent experiment. Females were not trapped, but oviposition was induced by each of the three volatiles individually. The results indicate that the volatiles show potential to be used in monitoring of E. kuehniella .
125 problems in text algorithms (2021)

"String matching is one of the oldest algorithmic techniques, yet still one of the most pervasive in computer science. The past 20 years have seen technological leaps in applications as diverse as information retrieval and compression. This copiously illustrated collection of puzzles and exercises in key areas of text algorithms and combinatorics on words offers graduate students and researchers a pleasant and direct way to learn and practice with advanced concepts. The problems are drawn from a large range of scientific publications, both classic and new. Building up from the basics, the book goes on to showcase problems in combinatorics on words (including Fibonacci or Thue-Morse words), pattern matching (including Knuth-Morris-Pratt and Boyer-Moore-like algorithms), efficient text data structures (including suffix trees and suffix arrays), regularities in words (including periods and runs) and text compression (including Huffman, Lempel-Ziv and Burrows-Wheeler-based methods)"--
Assessing the Vertical Displacement of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam during its Filling using DInSAR technology and its Potential Acute Consequences on the Downstream Countries (2021)

The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD), formerly known as the Millennium Dam, is currently under construction and has been filling at a fast rate without sufficient known analysis on possible impacts on the body of the structure. The filling of GERD not only has an impact on the Blue Nile Basin hydrology, water storages and flow but also pose massive risks in case of collapse. Rosaries Dam located in Sudan at only 116 km downstream of GERD, along with the 20 million Sudanese benefiting from that dam, would be seriously threatened in case of the collapse of GERD. In this study, through the analysis of Sentinal-1 satellite imagery we show concerning deformation patterns associated with different sections of the GERD&amp;rsquo;s Main Dam (structure RCC Dam type) and the Saddle Dam (Embankment Dam type). We processed 109 descending mode scenes from Sentinel-1 SAR imagery, from December 2016 to July 2021, using the Differential Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry technique to demonstrate the deformation trends of both - the GERD&amp;rsquo;s Main and Saddle Dams. The time-series generated from the analysis clearly indicates different displacement trends at various sections of the GERD as well as the Saddle Dam. Results of the multi temporal data analysis on and around the project area show inconsistent subsidence at the extremities of the GERD Main Dam, especially the west side of the dam where we recorded varying displacements in the range of 10 mm to 90 mm at the crest of the dam. We conducted the current analysis after masking the images with a coherence value of 0.9 and hence, the subsequent results are extremely reliable and accurate. Further decomposition of the subsiding rate has revealed higher vertical displacement over the west side of the GERD&amp;rsquo;s Main Dam as compared to the east side. The local geological structures consisting of weak zones under the GERD&amp;rsquo;s accompanying Saddle Dam adds further instability to its structure. We identified seven critical nodes on the Saddle Dam that match the tectonic faults lying underneath it, and which display a varying degree of vertical displacements. In fact, the nodes located next to each other displayed varying displacement trends: one or more nodes displayed subsidence since 2017 while the other node in the same section displayed uplift. The geological weak zones underneath and the weight of the Saddle Dam itself may somewhat explain this inconsistency and the non-uniform vertical displacements. For the most affected cells, we observed a total displacement value of ~90 mm during the whole study period (~20 mm/year) for the Main Dam while the value of the total displacement for the Saddle dam is ~380 mm during the same period (~85 mm/year). Analysis through CoastSat tool also suggested a non-uniformity in trends of surface water-edge at the two extremities of the Main Dam.
Synthesis of novel benzenesulfamide derivatives with inhibitory activity against human cytosolic carbonic anhydrase I and II andVibrio choleraeα- and β-class enzymes (2018)

The synthesis of a new series of sulfamides incorporating ortho-, meta, and para-benzenesulfamide moieties is reported, which were investigated for the inhibition of two human (h) isoforms of the zinc enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1), hCA I and II, and two Vibrio cholerae enzymes, belonging to the α- and β-CA classes (VchCAα, VchCAβ). The compounds were prepared by using the "tail approach", aiming to overcome the scarcity of selective inhibition profiles associated to CA inhibitors belonging to the zinc binders. The built structure-activity relationship showed that the incorporation of benzhydryl piperazine tails on a phenyl sulfamide scaffold determines rather good efficacies against hCA I and VchCAα, with several compounds showing K<sub>I</sub>s < 100 nM. The activity was lower against hCA II and VchCAβ, probably due to the fact that the incorporated tails are quite bulky. The obtained evidences allow us to continue the investigations of different tails/zinc binding groups, with the purpose to increase the effectiveness/selectivity of such inhibitors against bacterial CAs from pathogens, affording thus potential new anti-infectives.
Drop-Casted Self-Assembled Topological Insulator Membrane as an Effective Saturable Absorber for Ultrafast Laser Photonics (2015)

Through employing a cost-effective solvothermal method, ultrathin topological insulator (TI) bismuth telluride (Bi <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Te <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> ) nanosheets with uniform hexagonal nanostructures had been synthesized. Thanks to the uniformity of few-layer TI dispersion, we are able to adopt the drop-casting approach in order to directly transfer few-layer TI and, therefore, form a self-assembled uniform volatile TI membrane that is suitably deposited onto the end facet of an optical fiber as an effective optical saturable absorber. Its saturable absorption parameters could be deliberately tailored by thinning its thickness by mechanical exfoliation. The incorporation of the as-fabricated saturable absorber inside the fiber laser cavity allows for the operation of either a microsecond or a femtosecond pulse because different saturable absorption parameters can decide whether the fiber laser operates in the mode-locking or Q-switching state. Our work provides a convenient way of fabricating a high-quality TI membrane-based saturable absorber with promising applications for laser operation.
Systems metabolic engineering of xylose‐utilizing Corynebacterium glutamicum for production of 1,5‐diaminopentane (2013)

The sustainable production of industrial platform chemicals is one of the great challenges facing the biotechnology field. Ideally, fermentation feedstocks would rather rely on industrial waste streams than on food-based raw materials. Corynebacterium glutamicum was metabolically engineered to produce the bio-nylon precursor 1,5-diaminopentane from the hemicellulose sugar xylose. Comparison of a basic diaminopentane producer strain on xylose and glucose feedstocks revealed a 30% reduction in diaminopentane yield and productivity on the pentose sugar. The integration of in vivo and in silico metabolic flux analysis by (13) C and elementary modes identified bottlenecks in the pentose phosphate pathway and the tricarboxylic acid cycle that limited performance on xylose. By the integration of global transcriptome profiling, this could be specifically targeted to the tkt operon, genes that encode for fructose bisphosphatase (fbp) and isocitrate dehydrogenase (icd), and to genes involved in formation of lysine (lysE) and N-acetyl diaminopentane (act). This was used to create the C. glutamicum strain DAP-Xyl1 icd(GTG) Peftu fbp Psod tkt Δact ΔlysE. The novel producer, designated DAP-Xyl2, exhibited a 54% increase in product yield to 233 mmol mol(-1) and a 100% increase in productivity to 1 mmol g(-1) h(-1) on the xylose substrate. In a fed-batch process, the strain achieved 103 g L(-1) of diaminopentane from xylose with a product yield of 32%. Xylose utilization is currently one of the most relevant metabolic engineering subjects. In this regard, the current work is a milestone in industrial strain engineering of C. glutamicum. See accompanying commentary by Hiroshi Shimizu DOI: 10.1002/biot.201300097.