gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Large-Cell Neuroendocrine Cancer of the Colon following Rituximab-Based Lymphoma Treatment (2012)

A 58-year-old man was referred in June 1991 with rectal bleeding for a colonoscopy that showed a sigmoid adenocarcinoma. Anterior resection revealed extension into, but not through, the muscularis propria, as well as 18 benign lymph nodes. Annual colonscopies were performed for five years, then every three years. In 2002, he underwent prostatectomy for prostate carcinoma. In 2008, a stage IVA, diffuse large B-cell right testicular lymphoma was treated with right orchidectomy, scrotal radiation and six cycles of CHOP-R (cyclophosphamide-doxorubicin-vincristine-prednisolone-rituximab). In 2008, colonoscopy and computed tomography (CT) scans of the head, abdomen and pelvis were normal, with no evidence of lymphoma. While travelling in southern France and Spain in June 2011, he developed abdominal pain and diarrhea for three days. This resolved for approximately one week and then recurred over a two-week period after his return to Canada. His physical examination was normal and laboratory studies revealed a mild anemia (hemoglobin level 122 g/L), but a normal white blood cell count and no left shift or eosinophilia. Fecal studies for bacteria and parasites were negative. A CT scan showed circumferential thickening of the hepatic flexure along with hepatic hypodense lesions, and colonoscopy showed an obstructing carcinoma. A right hemicolectomy and partial hepatectomy revealed a large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma invading through the colonic wall and involving seven of 14 regional lymph nodes and the liver. Microscopic evaluation showed predominately trebecular and insular architecture; the nests comprised of relatively monomorphous, but large cells, with moderate amounts of cytoplasm, an open nuclear chromatin pattern and a high mitotic apoptotic rate (Figure 1). Immunohistochemical staining for synaptophysin was stongly positive (Figure 2). Chromogranin was also positive. Subsequent chemotherapy treatment included carboplatin and etoposide.



Figure 1)

Trebecular/insular arrangement of high-grade malignancy of hepatic flexure with monomorphous large epithelioid cells with an open nuclear chromatin pattern and a high mitotic/apoptotic rate. Hematoxylin and eosin stain (original magnification ×200) ...





Figure 2)

Immunohistochemical stain for synaptophysin showing strong cytoplasmic positivity in the malignant cells. Original magnification ×200
Surface-micromachined electrostatic-comb driven scanning micromirrors for barcode scanners (2002)

This paper describes the design and fabrication of micromachined resonant scanners that have large scan angles at fast scan speeds. Driven by an electrostatic comb motor, these 200 /spl mu/m by 250 /spl mu/m scanning-micromirrors can scan about 12/spl deg/ (optical) at the resonance frequency of 3 kHz with a sinusoidal voltage input of 20 V in amplitude. Fabricated with a four-poly-layer silicon-surface-micromachining process, these resonant scanners are compact, extremely light in weight, and potentially very low in cost. The power consumption is also minimal since the capacitive motor draws very little current. We have demonstrated the scanner as a laser-beam deflector in a barcode reader, a potentially important application that has a growing popularity in many industries.
Satellite Uplink Transmission with Terrestrial Network Interference (2014)

The impact of the terrestrial network interference to a satellite uplink transmission is studied in this paper. In a system, where an LTE terrestrial network is extended by a satellite communication, the terrestrial interference can become a problem. The interference levels are studied via infield measurements and link budget calculations and the interference tolerance of the satellite receiver are studied via computer simulations. The results show that in spite of the long satellite communication link, strictly power limited system and terrestrial interference the satellite link can operate on the same frequency band as the terrestrial network.
Prevalence of Comorbid Conditions and Prescription Medication Use Among Patients With Gout and Hyperuricemia in a Managed Care Setting (2004)

: The study indicates a high prevalence of both comorbid conditions and multiple medication use among managed care enrollees with gout and/or hyperuricemia. Heightened awareness of these associated disorders is important because they may warrant treatment of their own accord and often some modification of gout management. Drugs, particularly diuretics and prophylactic aspirin, could potentially contribute to the development of hyperuricemia and gout.
Effect of Natural Macromolecule Filler on the Properties of High‐Density Polyethylene (HDPE) (2018)

This study investigates the thermal and viscoelastic properties of High‐Density Polyethylene (HDPE) filled with the natural macromolecule, asphaltene, with different loading ratios. The thermal and viscoelastic properties of the composites are studied using DSC, WAXD and other mechanical techniques. The addition of 2.5 wt% asphaltenes presents a slightly higher degree of crystallinity compared to pristine HDPE. The addition of asphaltenes does not seem to alter significantly the mechanical tensile properties of the material, while only the composite with 2.5 wt% found to have improved tensile and yield strength. Specifically, the initial thermal degradation temperature increases by almost 40 °C as it came from TGA measurements where degradation of the composites shifted to higher values. In addition, the thermal degradation activation energy of HDPE and the composites is estimated assuming a first order kinetic model. The activation energy of neat HDPE is estimated to be 287 kJ mol −1 , whereas that of the above‐mentioned composites significantly increases. This is another indication that the addition of asphaltenes into HDPE serve as a thermal barrier delaying the kinetics of the thermal degradation of the material. Inclusion of large amount of asphaltenes (i.e., 15%) results in a material presenting thermal degradation similar to pristine HDPE, with lower activation energy. Overall, from this study it comes that the optimum amount of asphaltenes that could be added to HDPE is around 2.5 wt% resulting in the best dispersion in the polymeric matrix, larger crystallite size, higher relative degree of crystallinity, somehow improves mechanical tensile properties and significantly enhances thermal stability.
Fracture Strength and Precision of Fit of Implant-Retained Monolithic Zirconia Crowns (2018)

New monolithic zirconia materials can be used to fabricate full-contour fixed dental prostheses with the computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) method. The aim of this study was to examine the fracture strength and precision of fit of screw-retained monolithic zirconia crowns made directly on implants or by cementing on prefabricated titanium (Ti) bases. Monolithic screw-retained implant crowns (n = 6) were produced by CAD/CAM method using partially (PSZ) and fully stabilized (FSZ) zirconia. Industrially produced zirconia crowns were used as a reference. A lateral incisor study model was made onto an implant replica. Crowns were produced either directly on the implant or through cementing on a prefabricated titanium base (PSZ+Ti, FSZ+Ti). The crowns were tightened to implant replicas with a torque of 35 Ncm. The gap between the replica and the abutment or crown was measured from ×400 scanning electron microscope images for precision of fit. Mechanical testing until failure was completed with a universal testing machine with loading angle of 45°. Statistical analysis was performed (analysis of variance). Mean (±SD) failure loads were 259 ± 23 (PSZ), 140 ± 13 (FSZ), 453 ± 25 (PSZ+Ti), 439 ± 41 (FSZ+Ti), and 290 ± 39 (Procera). Mean (±SD) gap values were 2.2 ± 0.2 (PSZ), 2.5 ± 1.0 (FSZ), 7.0 ± 1.0 (PSZ+Ti), 7.7 ± 1.6 (FSZ+Ti), and 6.7 ± 1.7 (Procera). Monolithic zirconia crowns with a Ti base clearly show higher fracture strengths than the crowns fixed directly on the implant surface. Better marginal fit can be achieved with direct zirconia crowns than with crowns on a titanium base or industrially produced zirconia crowns.
Statistical process control via context modeling of finite-state processes: an application to production monitoring (2004)

Conventional Statistical Process Control (SPC) schemes fail to monitor nonlinear and finite-state processes that often result from feedback-controlled processes. SPC methods that are designed to monitor autocorrelated processes usually assume a known model (often an ARIMA) that might poorly describe the real process. In this paper, we present a novel SPC methodology based on context modeling of finite-state processes. The method utilizes a series of context-tree models to estimate the conditional distribution of the process output given the context of previous observations. The Kullback-Leibler divergence statistic is derived to indicate significant changes in the trees along the process. The method is implemented in a simulated flexible manufacturing system in order to detect significant changes in its production mix ratio output.
Endoscopic Vascular Harvest in Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery: A Consensus Statement of the International Society of Minimally Invasive Cardiothoracic Surgery (ISMICS) 2005 (2005)

: Given these evidence-based statements, the consensus panel stated that EVH should be the standard of care for patients who require saphenous vein grafts for coronary revascularization (Class I, Level B). Future research should address long-term safety, cost-effectiveness, and endoarterial harvest.
Preparation Method of Submicrometer‐Sized α‐Alumina by Surface Modification of γ‐Alumina with Alumina Sol (2000)

A method is introduced to prepare almost‐spherical submicrometer‐sized α‐alumina via surface modification of γ‐alumina with an alumina sol. Milled γ‐alumina, in the presence of 3 wt% of α‐alumina with a median particle size ( d 50 ) of 0.32 μm (AKP‐30), produced irregularly shaped α‐alumina with d 50 ∼0.3 μm after heat treatment at 1100°C for 1 h. γ‐alumina that had been surface‐modified by milling in the presence of 3 wt% of the alumina sol resulted in almost‐monosized, spherical α‐alumina ∼0.3 μm in size after heat treatment at 1100°C for 1 h. Furthermore, almost‐spherical α‐alumina 0.1—0.2 μm in size was obtained by milling γ‐alumina with 3 wt% of AKP‐30 alumina in the presence of 3 wt% of the alumina sol, followed by heat treatment at 1100°C for 1 h. The alumina sol that has been introduced in this work seems to act as a dispersant, in addition to helping to form a spherical shape.
Combining a Small Hole-Conductor Molecule for Efficient Dye Regeneration and a Hole-Conducting Polymer in a Solid-State Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (2012)

In dye-sensitized solar cells (DSC) an efficient transfer of holes from the oxidized dye to the contact is necessary, which in solid-state DSC is performed by hole-conductor molecules. In this report we use photoinduced absorption and transient absorption spectroscopy to show that a small hole-conducting molecule, tris(p-anisyl)amine, regenerates dye molecules in the pores of the dye-sensitized TiO2 nanoparticle electrode efficiently even for thick (>5 μm) electrodes. For similar thicknesses we observe incomplete regeneration using a larger polymer hole-conductor. However, the performance of the solar cells with the small hole-conductor molecules is poor due to that inefficient hole conduction in these small molecules may limit the collection of the charges at the contacts. Polymer hole-conductors, which may have a good hole conductivity, also have a high molecular weight, which makes these polymers difficult to infiltrate into the smallest pores in the electrode. We show that a conducting polymer, P3HT, may be added to the small molecule hole-conductor, to enable better transport of the charges to the contact and to reduce recombination and therefore increase the photocurrent. This new device construction with a small molecule efficiently regenerating the dye molecules, and a polymer conducting the holes to the contact is therefore a promising pathway for solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells.
Selective, bifunctional Cu–WOx/Al2O3 catalyst for hydrodeoxygenation of fatty acids (2019)

Cu–WO<sub>x</sub>/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> is highly selective for hydrodeoxygenation of oleic acid. Texture and acidity influenced the catalyst activity.
LAPACK: A portable linear algebra library for high-performance computers (1990)

The goal of the LAPACK project is to design and implement a portable linear algebra library for efficient use on a variety of high-performance computers. The library is based on the widely used LINPACK and EISPACK packages for solving linear equations, eigenvalue problems, and linear least-squares problems, but extends their functionality in a number of ways. The major methodology for making the algorithms run faster is to restructure them to perform block matrix operations (e.g., matrix-matrix multiplication) in their inner loops. These block operations may be optimized to exploit the memory hierarchy of a specific architecture. The LAPACK project is also working on new algorithms that yield higher relative accuracy for a variety of linear algebra problems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Hypercoagulability causes atrial fibrosis and promotes atrial fibrillation (2016)

The hypercoagulable state during AF causes pro-fibrotic and pro-inflammatory responses in adult atrial fibroblasts. Hypercoagulability promotes the development of a substrate for AF in transgenic mice and in goats with persistent AF. In AF goats, nadroparin attenuates atrial fibrosis and the complexity of the AF substrate. Inhibition of coagulation may not only prevent strokes but also inhibit the development of a substrate for AF.
Diffraction imaging using the two-way imaging condition (2019)

ABSTRACT Diffraction imaging can increase the spatial resolution of seismic images beyond conventional means to provide interpreters with high-resolution structural and stratigraphic sections. The reflection image of a specular reflector only exists in either the positive- or negative-dip structure image; however, the image of a diffractor appears in the both positive- and negative-dip images. By applying a sample-by-sample multiplication imaging condition to the opposite dip images, the diffraction energy is retained while the reflection energy is significantly attenuated. The two dip images are generated by separating the source and receiver wavefields into different propagation directions. Two challenges are faced when we use the left-downgoing source and receiver wavefields to calculate the positive-dip structure image and the right-downgoing source and receiver wavefields to generate the negative-dip structure image. First, we need to compute the up- and downgoing wavefields by the Hilbert transform with respect to time and depth for the source and receiver wavefields. This operation requires two additional forward modeling calculations with the Hilbert-transformed source and receiver wavefields. Second, the information provided by the upgoing wave is missing if we only use the downgoing wave to generate two opposite dip structure images. To overcome the limitations of the one-way imaging condition, we use the two-way imaging condition of positive- and negative-dip structure images. Impulse response analysis demonstrates that the two-way imaging condition has the ability to image the positive- and negative-dip structure images separately. Without up and downgoing wavefield separation, the upgoing source and receiver wavefields can generate the same structure dip as using the downgoing source and receiver wavefields. Results indicate that using the two-way imaging condition can provide broader illumination and enhance the diffraction image because of the additional contribution from the upgoing wavefield. In addition, it saves almost half the computation cost compared to using the one-way imaging condition.
Organic Piezoresistive Robotic Skin Sensor Fabrication, Integration and Characterization (2021)

Abstract Advanced applications for human-robot interaction require perception of physical touch in a manner that imitates the human tactile perception. Feedback generated from tactile sensor arrays can be used to control the interaction of a robot with their environment and other humans. In this paper, we present our efforts to fabricate piezoresistive organic polymer sensor arrays using PEDOT: PSS or poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate). Sensors are realized as strain-gauges on Kapton substrates with thermal and electrical response characteristics to human touch. In this paper, we detail fabrication processes associated with a Gold etching technique combined with a wet lift-off photolithographic process to implement a circular tree designed sensor microstructure in our cleanroom. The testing of this microstructure is done on a load testing apparatus facilitated by an integrated circuit design. Furthermore, a lamination process is employed to compensate for temperature drift while measuring pressure for double-sided sensor substrates. Experiments carried out to evaluate the performance of the fabricated structure, indicates 100% sensor yields with the updated technique implemented.
[Permanent catheters for hemodialysis: indications, methods and results. French national survey 1998-2000]. (2001)

A national survey on permanent hemodialysis catheters was conducted in 99 hemodialysis centers between january 1998 and january 2000. It was a prospective, national and multicentric study. Data were gathered in 1552 patients (mean age 65 +/- 15 years) with chronic end stage renal failure. A questionnaire was filled out each time a permanent hemodialysis catheter was inserted. Two permanent catheters (72%) were inserted under local anesthesia (92%), using the right internal jugular vein (81%) with a percutaneous technique (96%). The two main indications were: end stage chronic renal failure without creation of a vascular access (52%) and dysfunction of a preexisting vascular access (35%). Patients have been followed a mean time period of 58 days and 179 cases of death have been reported. The median duration of catheters was 500 days. The two main causes of catheter removal were creation of a functional A-V fistula (40%) and death of the patient (28%). The incidence of bacteriemia/septicemia was 0.74 episode/patient/1000 days of follow-up while that of any type of infection was 0.85 episode/patient/1000 days. The risk of infection increased with time especially in type 2 diabetes patients.
High rate radio frequency sputtering using in‐phase plasma confinement (1990)

A new new radio frequency sputtering system single‐wafer (125 mm diam) design has been developed to achieve low‐voltage sputtering at high power density without magnetic confinement. The low voltage operation was achieved by using in‐phase target and substrate sheath voltages, 40.68 MHz excitation, and a controlled‐area confining wall electrode. A single generator was used with a simple bias adjustment circuit to obtain in‐phase excitation. Observed rf voltages were about 65% of that observed for a conventional tuned substrate (180° phase) at equal input power density and frequency. A manually loaded version used a 150 mm diam SiO2 target and a load‐locked version used a 178 mm diam target for better uniformity. SiO2 films have been deposited at rates as high as 4300 Å/min in a low‐resputtering mode. In a planarizing mode, rates of 1750 Å/min were observed. Resputtering could be smoothly adjusted from near zero to at least as high as 70%. Temperature was controlled by gas conduction cooling to temperatures below 400 °C. Film stress decreased with deposition rate at constant resputtering and increased with resputtering. Uniformity and other film properties were measured.
Aggregation phenomena of amphiphilic UVB absorptive oligoesters containing p‐alkoxycinnamate and poly(ethylene oxide) blocks (2009)

Abstract The synthesis of new amphiphilic oligoesters containing a hydrophobic block based on p ‐alkoxycinnamate and hydrophilic poly(ethylene oxide) is reported. Two hydrophobic monomers, 1,2‐(bis(4‐(2‐carboxyvinyl)phenoxy))ethane ( M2 ) and 1,12‐(bis(4‐(2‐carboxyvinyl) phenoxy))dodecane ( M12 ), were synthesized. Four oligoesters, poly((1,2‐(bis(4‐(2‐carboxyvinyl)phenoxy))ethane) ‐ co ‐(poly(ethylene oxide)200)) ( P2‐200 ), poly((1,2‐(bis(4‐(2‐carboxyvinyl)phenoxy))ethane)‐ co ‐(poly(ethylene oxide) 400)) ( P2‐400 ), poly((1,12‐(bis(4‐(2‐carboxyvinyl)phenoxy)) dodecane)‐ co ‐(poly(ethylene oxide)400)) ( P12‐400 ), and poly((1,12‐(bis(4‐(2‐carboxyvinyl)phenoxy))dodecane)‐ co ‐ (poly(ethylene oxide)1000)) ( P12‐1000 ) were then constructed by reacting the M2 or M12 with poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) with lengths of ∼ 4 (PEO 200), ∼ 10 (PEO 400), or ∼ 23 (PEO1000) units using multiple esterifications. These oligoesters possess UVB absorption properties and show good solubility in various organic solvents. Self‐assembly of the oligoesters into aqueous spherical colloids could be induced through an acetone to water solvent displacement technique. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Circuits and AMOLED display with self‐aligned a‐IGZO TFTs on polyimide foil (2014)

Abstract A process to make self‐aligned top‐gate amorphous indium‐gallium‐zinc‐oxide (a‐IGZO) thin‐film transistors (TFTs) on polyimide foil is presented. The source/drain (S/D) region's parasitic resistance reduced during the SiN interlayer deposition step. The sheet resistivity of S/D region after exposure to SiN interlayer deposition decreased to 1.5 kΩ/□. TFTs show field‐effect mobility of 12.0 cm 2 /(V.s), sub‐threshold slope of 0.5 V/decade, and current ratio ( I ON / OFF ) of &gt;10 7 . The threshold voltage shifts of the TFTs were 0.5 V in positive (+1.0 MV/cm) bias direction and 1.5 V in negative (−1.0 MV/cm) bias direction after extended stressing time of 10 4 s. We achieve a stage‐delay of ~19.6 ns at V DD = 20 V measured in a 41‐stage ring oscillator. A top‐emitting quarter‐quarter‐video‐graphics‐array active‐matrix organic light‐emitting diode display with 85 ppi (pixels per inch) resolution has been realized using only five lithographic mask steps. For operation at 6 V supply voltage ( V DD ), the brightness of the display exceeds 150 cd/m 2 .
Anterior Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty (2018)

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is the preferred treatment for end-stage osteoarthritis of the hip. The posterior, posterolateral, direct lateral, anterolateral, or the anterior approaches are the currently established surgical approaches for THA. Over the last decade, the anterior approach has gained increasing popularity. Its muscle-sparing nature and fluoroscopy-guided component positioning are the most important benefits. It has been suggested that postoperative recovery is facilitated by an anterior approach. Patients do not need to follow hip precautions, and can return to driving after 1 week. The anterior approach uses a muscle interval between the tensor fasciae latae and the rectus femoris to open the capsule without detachment of muscles. Especially, the external rotators and posterior capsule remain intact and reduce the risk of posterior dislocation. Accuracy of acetabular component positioning has an impact on postoperative dislocation rates, polyethylene wear, and impingement. When the operation is done in a supine position, fluoroscopy is available to check the acetabular component inclination and anteversion during THA as well as leg length and offset. The current chapter reports on the surgical approach, surgical technique, and results of anterior THA.