gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Implication of Directly Connected Impervious Areas to the Mitigation of Peak Flows in Urban Catchments (2017)

The existence of impervious areas is one of the most distinguishing characteristics of urban catchments. They decrease infiltration and increase direct runoff in urban catchments. The recent introduction of green infrastructure in urban catchments for the purpose of sustainable development has contributed to the decrease in directly connected impervious areas (DCIA) by isolating existing impervious areas, and consequently, has also contributed to flood risk mitigation. This study coupled the width function-based instantaneous hydrograph (WFIUH), which is able to handle the spatial distribution of the impervious areas, with the concept of the DCIA to assess the impact of decreasing DCIA on the shape of direct runoff hydrographs. Using several scenarios for typical green infrastructure and the corresponding changes of DCIA for a test catchment in Seoul, South Korea, this study evaluated the effect of green infrastructure on the shape of the resulting direct runoff hydrographs and reducing peak flows. The results showed that the changes in the DCIA immediately affect the shape of the direct runoff hydrograph, and decrease peak flows by up to 12% depending on spatial implementation scenarios in the test catchment. This study demonstrates the importance of the DCIA concept for the evaluation of green infrastructures in urban catchments, enabling quantitative assessment of the spatial distribution of impervious areas, and also changes to the DCIA by various types of green infrastructure. The results of this study also suggest that more effective and well-planned green infrastructures could be introduced in urban environments for the purpose of flood risk management.
Observation of Multiple Cracking in Hybrid FRCC at Micro and Meso Levels (2003)

Development of high-performance construction materials is one of the key issues for the sustainability of structures, and this is one of the reasons for the development of ductile fiber reinforced cementitious composites (FRCC). The purpose of this study is to observe microcracking in high-performance FRCC at the micro and meso levels to clarify the detailed mechanisms causing ductile behavior. In the experiments, a specially designed system was used to observe the surface of specimens under tensile loading by means of an electron microscope. X-ray technique with a contrast medium was also applied to observe internal cracking around a deformed bar. A formation of a number of microcracks on the surface of the FRCC was observed even before loading. These microcracks subsequently grew and/or other cracks occurred to generate multiple cracking as the load increased. The accumulation of multiple cracks produced extended nonlinearity of FRCC. In the vicinity of the deformed bar in the FRCC, multiple cracks were formed from the lug of the bar and the crack width was much thinner than in plain mortar. Thus FRCC surely contributes to dispersal of bond cracks and resistance to the expansion of cracks.
현대 한국미인 이미지와 미를 가꾸면서 얻게 되는 보상에 대한 연구 (2017)

This study is to understand the image of the Korean beauty and rewards to be gained by trying to be a beautiful person and to study differences according to demographic characteristics. It was studied with the purpose of industrializing beauty image and selling it to foreign countries. The survey questionnaire was distributed to Seoul and Kyeongkido. Respondents totaled 301. Collected data were analyzed with frequency analysis, factor analysis, X2-test, and regression. Results are ; ① The external image of Korean beauty emphasizes round face, white skin, big eyes, double eyelids, round head shape, early twenties, tall, low body weight, thin waist, long neck, long legs, and thin fingers. ② The inner image of the Korean beauty emphasizes mature personality, social economic ability, but not housework, and cultural artistic ability. ③ Rewards gained by trying to be a beauty are psychological, actual, and social ones. ④ External face and body image of the beauty are different by demographic characteristics (sex, age, marital status, final education, monthly average income, religion). ⑤ The inner image of the beauty is different by age, final education, and monthly average income. ⑥ Rewards gained by trying to be a beauty are different by sex, age, final education, and monthly average income.
Die allergische bronchopulmonale Aspergillose (ABPA) (2003)

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is the most common allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis in humans. The diagnosis of the complex disease is based on defined criteria. Five clinical stages of ABPA were proposed. The extent of the defined criteria varies in the different stages, thus making diagnosis difficult. Particularly the discrimination of ABPA in remission stage (stage II) and allergic asthma with A. fumigatus-sensitisation may be an important problem. Early diagnosis in stages without persistent changes of bronchial wall and lung parenchyma is needed to prevent severe end stages of ABPA. The up to now widely used commercial (crude) allergen extracts for in vitro and in vivo diagnosis show batch to batch variation, insufficient standardization and lack of reproducibility. Potentials and limitations of routine diagnostic procedures in ABPA are described. The production of a panel of recombinant allergens of A. fumigatus and their evaluation for in vivo and particularly in vitro use has brought an important step forward in the early and precise diagnosis of ABPA. A panel of recombinant allergens is now available for routine assay in CAP-System. Glucocorticosteroids play a central role in therapy of ABPA. The approach in exacerbation phase and the long term therapy are described and also the indication for antimycotic drugs.
Temporal Variations in Cigarette Tobacco Bacterial Community Composition and Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamine Content Are Influenced by Brand and Storage Conditions (2017)

Tobacco products, specifically cigarettes, are home to microbial ecosystems that may play an important role in the generation of carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs), as well as the onset of multiple adverse human health effects associated with the use of these products. Therefore, we conducted time-series experiments with five commercially available brands of cigarettes that were either commercially mentholated, custom-mentholated, user-mentholated, or non-mentholated. To mimic user storage conditions, the cigarettes were incubated for 14 days under three different temperatures and relative humidities (i.e., pocket, refrigerator, and room). Overall, 360 samples were collected over the course of 2 weeks and total DNA was extracted, PCR amplified for the V3V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene and sequenced using Illumina MiSeq. A subset of samples (<i>n</i> = 32) was also analyzed via liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry for two TSNAs: <i>N</i>'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK). Comparative analyses of the five tobacco brands revealed bacterial communities dominated by <i>Pseudomonas</i>, <i>Pantoea</i>, and <i>Bacillus</i>, with <i>Pseudomonas</i> relatively stable in abundance regardless of storage condition. In addition, core bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified in all samples and included <i>Bacillus pumilus, Rhizobium</i> sp., <i>Sphingomonas</i> sp., unknown <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i>, <i>Pantoea</i> sp., <i>Pseudomonas</i> sp., <i>Pseudomonas oryzihabitans</i>, and <i>P. putida</i>. Additional OTUs were identified that significantly changed in relative abundance between day 0 and day 14, influenced by brand and storage condition. In addition, small but statistically significant increases in NNN levels were observed in user- and commercially mentholated brands between day 0 and day 14 at pocket conditions. These data suggest that manufacturing and user manipulations, such as mentholation and storage conditions, may directly impact the microbiome of cigarette tobacco as well as the levels of carcinogens.
Ethical questions and military dominance in next generation computing (1984)

American response to the Fifth Generation Project has been dominated by DARPA's Strategic Computing Initiative, which proposes to develop ambitious software and hardware technology for explicit military applications. The Initiative generates two classes of ethical questions:
Microenergy Harvesters Based on Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene Piezotubes (2020)

Energy harvesting from vibrations provides power to low‐energy‐consuming electronics for standalone and wearable devices as well as for wireless and remote sensing. In this contribution, compact tubular ferroelectret energy harvesters utilizing a single‐tube design are presented. Such single‐tube harvesters can be fabricated from commercially available fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) tubes with wall thicknesses of 25 and 50 μm, respectively, by mechanical deformation at elevated temperature. It is demonstrated that the generated power is highly dependent on parameters such as wall thickness, load resistance, and seismic mass. Utilizing a seismic mass of 80 g at resonance frequencies around 80 Hz and an input acceleration of 1 × g (9.81 m s −2 rms), output powers up to 300 μW can be reached for a transducer with 25 μm thick walls.
Theory of R-functions and Applications: A Primer (1991)

An R-function is real-valued function characterized by some property that is completely determined by the corresponding property of its arguments, e.g., the sign of some real functions is completely determined by the sign of their arguments. More generally, such a property could be determined by some partition of the real axis. If the axis is partitioned into $k$ subsets, each $R$-function corresponds to a companion function of $k$-valued logic. This relationship allows one to represent a logical predicate of $n$ variable by a real-valued function of $n$ arguments. The latter can be evaluated, differentiated, and possesses many other interesting properties. V.L. Rvachev first suggested $R$-functions in l963. Since then, he and his colleagues have significantly developed the theory and found many applications. Their work is described in numerous books and articles, unfortunately mostly in Russian. A complete list of references through l987 can be found in [Shi88]. An important application of $R$-functions is in the description of geometric objects. Any object defined by a predicate on "primitive" geometric regions (e.g. regions defined by a system of inequalities) can now be represented by a single inequality, or equation. Furthermore, these real-valued functions can be constructed so that they have certain useful logic and differential properties. Application of theory of $R$-functions could have a profound effect on many problems where geometric information can be accounted for analytically. For example, according to [Rva82], $R$-functions have found applications in many unexpected areas, such as study of stability of motion, medical diagnostics, and chemical engineering, in addition to those described in this report. This primer summarizes some basic results from the theory of $R$-functions and decribes (rather superficially) some of the applications studied in the Soviet Union. As far as I know, this is the first such introduction to $R$-functions in English. Its main purpose is to stimulate interest in $R$-functions in the research community; it is not intended to serve as a comprehensive reference. While this document contains no original results, absorbing, translating, interpreting, and condensing the contents of the references did require a substantial judgement on my part. The original sources offer a wealth of additional material that was omitted for the sake of simplicity and coherence of this document. Thus, I also accept the responsibility for all mistakes, misinterpretations, and omissions in this report. While the main applications of $R$-functions have been in the description of geometric objects, the developed theory does not seem to rely on many known results in combinatorial, algebraic, and computational geometry and topology. In an effort to preserve the spirit of the original work, I resisted making "improvements" in the presentation.
Interaction of melittin with phosphatidylcholine membranes. Binding isotherm and lipid head-group conformation (1989)

The binding of melittin to nonsonicated bilayer membranes composed of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine was studied with an ultracentrifugation assay and with 2H and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance. Melittin binding could best be described by a partition equilibrium with Kp = (2.1 +/- 0.2) X 10(3) M-1, measuring the binding isotherm in the concentration range of 0-100 microM melittin and taking into account electrostatic effects by means of the Gouy-Chapman theory. This partition coefficient is smaller than that deduced for small sonicated vesicles and attests to the tighter lipid packing in the nonsonicated bilayers. Deuterium magnetic resonance revealed a conformational change of the phosphocholine head group upon melittin binding. The quadrupole splittings of the alpha and beta segments of the choline head group varied linearly with the amount of bound melittin but in opposite directions; i.e., the alpha splitting decreased, and the beta splitting increased. This conformational change is not specific to melittin but is a response of the phosphocholine head group to positive membrane surface charges in general. Quantitatively, melittin is one of the most efficient head-group modulators, the efficiency per unit charge comparable to that of charged local anesthetics or hydrophobic ions.
The Virtual Table: A Framework for Online Teamwork, Collaboration, and Communication (2017)

This chapter reviews the complex relationship between technology and leadership, focusing on how technology affects the development and demonstration of skills in communication, teamwork, and collaboration. The chapter also proposes a framework for identifying and assessing key leadership competencies in the digital space.
Sense of Agency in Drum Trainer with Multiple Sensation Feedback (2020)

Passive motion is often used in physical skill transfer. This study investigated sense of agency during virtual drumming with visual, vibrotactile and auditory sensation feedback in three types of forearm motion: voluntary, passive and imagined. Agency judgement showed that visual, vibrotactile and auditory feedback contributed to sense of agency around 25 %- 45 % depending on the type of forearm motion. Motor command in voluntary motion contributed about 35 %, while proprioception in passive motion did about 25 %. Threse results suggested that multiple sensation feedback contributed to generate sense of agency.
Carlisleet al.Reply: (1996)

A Reply to the Comment by P. A. Bruhwiler.Received 13 July 1995DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.76.1762©1996 American Physical Society
Supplemental Figures and Tables from Soluble PD-L1 as a Biomarker in Malignant Melanoma Treated with Checkpoint Blockade (2023)

&lt;p&gt;S1. Schematic diagram of specific primers for the detection of PD-L1 variants. S2. Generation of recombinant fusion proteins of PD-L1 variants. S3. Inhibitory effects of membrane-bound PD-L1 on proliferation of antigen specific CD8+ T cells. S4. Effects of cytokines on expression of PD-L1 and cell proliferation in melanoma cell lines. S5. Associations between sPD-L1 secretion and PD-L1 expression in presence or absence of cytokine. S6. Secretion of sPD-L1 and expression of membrane-bound PD-L1 in response to sodium azide. S7. Specific and different recognitions of sPD-L1 variants by anti-PD-L1 antibody clone 29E.12B1 and 130021. S8. A. Schema on recognition regions of anti-PD-L1 antibodies. B. Detection of PD-L1-HIS (Amino acid 19-239) and PD-L1-3/Ig (Amino acid 19-178) by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting assay with 130021 antibody. S9. Impact of serum or plasma matrices in quantitative detection of sPD-L1. S10. Kinetic changes of sPD-L1all and sPD-L1L in plasma of melanoma patients receiving ipilimumab plus bevacizumab. S11. Kinetic changes of cytokines in plasma of melanoma patients receiving ipilimumab plus bevacizumab. S12. sPD-L1 in plasma of melanoma patients receiving ipilimumab. S13. Kinetic changes of sPD-L1all and sPD-L1L in sera of melanoma patients receiving ipilimumab in ECOG 1608 trial. S14. Kinetic changes of sPD-L1all and sPD-L1L in plasma of melanoma patients receiving anti-PD-1 antibody. S15. Kinetic changes of cytokines in plasma of melanoma patients receiving anti-PD-1 antibody. S16. Associations of pretreatment levels of sPD-L1 with survival after check-point blockade. S17. Associations of long term or delayed increases in sPD-L1 with survival after check-point blockade. S18. Effects of cytokines on secretions of PD-L1 variants in DC. Supplemental Table 1. A. Amino acid regions of sPD-L1 variants. B. Amino acid regions of recombinant PD-L1 proteins. Supplemental Table 2. Associations of pretreatment levels of sPD-L1 with variables.&lt;/p&gt;
A Review of Factors Influencing Maturation of Atlantic Salmon, Salmo salar, with Focus on Water Recirculation Aquaculture System Environments (2016)

Abstract Sexual maturation of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar , is a complex process, with many variables having the capacity to influence the timing and prevalence of maturation and acting as promoters and/or inhibitors of sexual development. Precocious maturation has the capacity to seriously impact production in commercial aquaculture settings, and in response there has been a significant amount of research devoted to understanding this issue in order to develop remedial strategies. Very little research has been conducted specifically examining salmon maturation in land‐based, closed containment water recirculation aquaculture systems, which have recently received attention as an alternative technology for the sustainable production of market‐size Atlantic salmon. Unfortunately, the nascent closed containment salmon industry has thus far experienced high levels of precocious maturation, for reasons that are presently unclear. Given the economic challenges facing the closed containment industry's expansion, it is imperative that best management practices be developed to reduce economic losses from early maturation, in order to assist the sustainable growth of farmed Atlantic salmon production. This review provides a brief summary of published research on factors associated with early salmonid maturation, as well as information from research examining maturation and growout performance of Atlantic salmon in closed containment aquaculture systems.
Response endpoints and failure-free survival after initial treatment for acute graft-versus-host disease (2013)

We evaluated short-term response endpoints for acute graft-versus-host disease treatment trials. We postulated that response endpoints should correlate with reduced symptom burden and decreased subsequent treatment failure, defined as non-relapse mortality, recurrent malignancy, or additional systemic treatment. The cohort included 303 consecutive patients who received initial systemic steroid treatment for acute graft-versus-host disease. Response was evaluated at day 28 after initial treatment, which in all cases preceded the onset of chronic graft-versus-host disease. At day 28, 36% of patients had a complete response, 26% had a very good partial response, 10% had another degree of partial response (other partial response) and 28% had no response. As expected, the symptom burden was lower in patients with very good partial response compared to those with other partial response. The frequencies of subsequent treatment failure were similar in patients with complete and very good partial responses, but lower than in patients with other partial response or no response at day 28. The frequency of second-line treatment was lower in patients with very good partial response than in those with other partial response. Risk factors associated with a lower probability of complete or very good partial response at day 28 were unrelated or human leukocyte antigen-mismatched related donor grafts and liver or gastrointestinal involvement at onset of initial treatment. Taken together, these results suggest that endpoints in acute graft-versus-host disease treatment trials should distinguish between very good partial response and other partial response. Our results support the use of complete or very good partial response at day 28 as an appropriate short-term primary endpoint.
Disabled-2: a positive regulator of the early differentiation of myoblasts (2020)

Dab2 is an adaptor protein and a tumor suppressor. Our previous study has found that Dab2 was expressed in early differentiating skeletal muscles in mouse embryos. In this study, we determined the role of Dab2 in the skeletal muscle differentiation using C2C12 myoblasts in vitro and Xenopus laevis embryos in vivo. The expression of Dab2 was increased in C2C12 myoblasts during the formation of myotubes in vitro. Knockdown of Dab2 expression in C2C12 myoblasts resulted in a reduction of myotube formation, whereas the myotube formation was enhanced upon overexpression of Dab2. Re-expression of Dab2 in C2C12 myoblasts with downregulated expression of Dab2 restored their capacity to form myotubes. Microarray profiling and subsequent network analyses on the 155 differentially expressed genes after Dab2 knockdown showed that Mef2c was an important myogenic transcription factor regulated by Dab2 through the p38 MAPK pathway. It was also involved in other pathways that are associated with muscular development and functions. In Xenopus embryos developed in vivo, XDab2 was expressed in the myotome of somites where various myogenic markers were also expressed. Knockdown of XDab2 expression with antisense morpholinos downregulated the expression of myogenic markers in somites. In conclusion, this study is the first to provide solid evidence to show that Dab2 is a positive regulator of the early myoblast differentiation.
The evolution of IBM high performance cooling technology (1995)

This paper provides a perspective and review of the evolution of high performance cooling technology that has been developed and used in IBM medium and large-scale computers over the past 25 years. Package cooling technology and its evolution, leading to the development of the thermal conduction module (TCM) is described. The development of air cooling technology is discussed; along with enhancements using turbulators, air-to liquid heat exchangers, and impinging flow. The development of water cooling and direct liquid immersion technology is also covered.
Ordered Two-Dimensional Arrays of Ferrite Nanoparticles (2001)

Uniform 2D arrays of organically passivated magnetite (Fe3O4) and cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) have been prepared by the Langmuir–Blodgett technique. Preliminary studies of the magnetization curves show small changes in the shape of the curves depending on the number of deposited layers. Control over the formation of the colloidal solutions and of the 2D arrays, combined with the possibility to tune the physical properties of these arrays, may lead to new information storage media as well as novel magnetoresistive materials.