gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of an Inkjet Chemical Microdispenser for Combinatorial Library Synthesis (1997)

Solenoid inkjet valves are characterized and implemented in an automated chemical microdispenser, the ChemJet, to be used for combinatorial library synthesis. A novel high-density format for chemical synthesis and assay is also presented. The “ChemSheet” consists of a 48 × 48 array of 8-μL wells, molded as an 8 1/2-in. × 11-in. sheet of polypropylene. The development of the ChemSheet created the need for high-speed, parallel microdispensing. The ChemJet addresses this need by providing the ability to dispense 8-μL volumes of chemical reagents to the 2304 wells of the ChemSheet in under 10 s, with an average reproducibility of ∼2.2%. Results from both quantitative and qualitative characterization of inkjet solenoid valves are presented. Characterization of the ChemJet instrument is also presented.
Sorptive Uptake Studies of an Aryl-Arsenical with Iron Oxide Composites on an Activated Carbon Support (2014)

Sorption uptake kinetics and equilibrium studies for 4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzene arsonic acid (roxarsone) was evaluated with synthetic magnetite (Mag-P), commercial magnetite (Mag-C), magnetite 10%, 19%, and 32% composite material (CM-10, -19, -32) that contains granular activated carbon (GAC), and synthetic goethite at pH 7.00 in water at 21 °C for 24 h. GAC showed the highest sorptive removal of roxarsone and the relative uptake for each sorbent material with roxarsone are listed in descending order as follows: GAC (471 mg/g) > goethite (418 mg/g) > CM-10 (377 mg/g) CM-19 (254 mg/g) > CM-32 (227 mg/g) > Mag-P (132 mg/g) > Mag-C (29.5 mg/g). The As (V) moiety of roxarsone is adsorbed onto the surface of the iron oxide/oxyhydrate and is inferred as inner-sphere surface complexes; monodentate-mononuclear, bidentate-mononuclear, and bidentate-binuclear depending on the protolytic speciation of roxarsone. The phenyl ring of roxarsone provides the primary driving force for the sorptive interaction with the graphene surface of GAC and its composites. Thus, magnetite composites are proposed as multi-purpose adsorbents for the co-removal of inorganic and organic arsenicals due to the presence of graphenic and iron oxide active adsorption sites.
MICROASSAY OF ADENOSINE‐3′,5′‐MONOPHOSPHATE (CYCLIC AMP) IN BRAIN AND OTHER TISSUES BY THE LUCIFERIN‐LUCIFERASE SYSTEM1 (1971)

Abstract— A simple, sensitive and specific method for assaying cyclic AMP in various tissues is reported. Cyclic AMP was isolated from contaminating nucleotides and was converted to ATP with a phosphodiesterase‐myokinase‐pyruvate kinase system. The ATP was determined enzymically in a liquid scintillation counter by the firefly luciferin‐luciferase technique. This procedure was capable of detecting as little as 5 × 10 −14 mol of cyclic AMP and could therefore be used for analyses on less than 1 mg of brain. The assay was reproducible and linear over a wide range of tissue concentrations. In the rat, the highest levels of cyclic AMP (2.7–4.2 pmol/mg wet wt. of tissue) were present in the pineal, heart, pituitary, thyroid, cerebellar cortex, kidney, adrenal, liver and pyloric region of the stomach; intermediate levels (1.5–2.7 pmol/mg wet wt. of tissue) were found in testis, skin, aorta, intestine, submaxillary gland, spleen, muscle and cerebral cortex, moderately low levels (1.0–1.5 pmol/mg wet wt. of tissue) were found in lung, trachea and greater curvature of the stomach; whereas low levels (0.15–0.60 pmol/mg wet wt. of tissue) were found in adipose tissue.
Next generation sequencing for molecular diagnosis of neurological disorders using ataxias as a model (2013)

Many neurological conditions are caused by immensely heterogeneous gene mutations. The diagnostic process is often long and complex with most patients undergoing multiple invasive and costly investigations without ever reaching a conclusive molecular diagnosis. The advent of massively parallel, next-generation sequencing promises to revolutionize genetic testing and shorten the 'diagnostic odyssey' for many of these patients. We performed a pilot study using heterogeneous ataxias as a model neurogenetic disorder to assess the introduction of next-generation sequencing into clinical practice. We captured 58 known human ataxia genes followed by Illumina Next-Generation Sequencing in 50 highly heterogeneous patients with ataxia who had been extensively investigated and were refractory to diagnosis. All cases had been tested for spinocerebellar ataxia 1-3, 6, 7 and Friedrich's ataxia and had multiple other biochemical, genetic and invasive tests. In those cases where we identified the genetic mutation, we determined the time to diagnosis. Pathogenicity was assessed using a bioinformatics pipeline and novel variants were validated using functional experiments. The overall detection rate in our heterogeneous cohort was 18% and varied from 8.3% in those with an adult onset progressive disorder to 40% in those with a childhood or adolescent onset progressive disorder. The highest detection rate was in those with an adolescent onset and a family history (75%). The majority of cases with detectable mutations had a childhood onset but most are now adults, reflecting the long delay in diagnosis. The delays were primarily related to lack of easily available clinical testing, but other factors included the presence of atypical phenotypes and the use of indirect testing. In the cases where we made an eventual diagnosis, the delay was 3-35 years (mean 18.1 years). Alignment and coverage metrics indicated that the capture and sequencing was highly efficient and the consumable cost was ∼£400 (€460 or US$620). Our pathogenicity interpretation pathway predicted 13 different mutations in eight different genes: PRKCG, TTBK2, SETX, SPTBN2, SACS, MRE11, KCNC3 and DARS2 of which nine were novel including one causing a newly described recessive ataxia syndrome. Genetic testing using targeted capture followed by next-generation sequencing was efficient, cost-effective, and enabled a molecular diagnosis in many refractory cases. A specific challenge of next-generation sequencing data is pathogenicity interpretation, but functional analysis confirmed the pathogenicity of novel variants showing that the pipeline was robust. Our results have broad implications for clinical neurology practice and the approach to diagnostic testing.
ChemInform Abstract: Penaresidin A and B, Two Novel Azetidine Alkaloids with Potent Actomyosin ATPhase‐Activating Activity from the Okinawan Marine Sponge Penares sp. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Novel macromodeling for on-chip RC/RLC interconnects (2003)

The improved T and improved /spl Pi/ models are proposed for on-chip interconnect macromodeling. Using global approximations, simple approximation frames are derived and applied to modeling of on-chip distributed RC/RLC interconnects. The applications lead to equivalent circuits, which are represented by the improved T and improved /spl Pi/ models. The new models for distributed RC/RLC interconnects are independent of CMOS gates, and therefore can be directly incorporated into SPICE frames. Numerical experiments show that for current feature sizes, the improved T and improved /spl Pi/ modeling methods can be used to accurately evaluate onchip interconnect effects, while the computational costs are comparable to the original T and /spl Pi/ modeling. The presented macromodeling approaches are useful for quick simulation and layout optimization.
An integrated path planning system for a robot designed for oil palm plantations (2017)

This paper presents a path planning system that would enable a robot to navigate through an oil palm plantation. The system is comprised of a distance estimation algorithm, which can accurately identify the location of a detected oil palm tree, an obstacle detection method that accurately detects obstacles and a path planning algorithm which can plan the shortest collision-free path for the robot to follow. The Dlite algorithm was selected as the path planning algorithm due to its exceptional performance. The tree detection algorithm uses the KINECT camera and a Viola and Jones detector based method to detect trees, which is then used to estimate the location of the nearest detected tree via further image processing. The distance estimation technique for tracking the distance to the nearest detected tree resulted in an estimation accuracy of 80% within a 4-6 meter range from the tree. All subsystems were integrated as a whole so that they function smoothly as an integrated system. Real time testing of the integrated system showed that the developed auto navigation system was capable of planning the shortest collision-free path to the goal and obstacles ahead were accurately detected.
Review: In vivo models for defining molecular subtypes of the primitive neuroectodermal tumor genome: current challenges and solutions. (2013)

Primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET) of the brain include medulloblastoma (MB) and central nervous system primitive neuroectodermal tumor (CNS PNET) subtypes, which share histological features yet differ at the genomic level and in clinical outcome. Delineation of the genetic anomalies between PNET subtypes is a current challenge for establishing effective targeted therapeutic strategies against these aggressive tumors. Current efforts have demonstrated that specific molecular pathways drive a subset of MB and CNS PNET, but the genetic basis for the deadliest forms of these tumors remains poorly understood and anecdotal. This is in part due to an overall lack of biologically relevant in vivo and in vitro model systems capable of direct comparison and identification of the genetic origins among PNET subtypes. Forward genetic, random mutagenesis in mice is an effective phenotype-driven method to model the genetic origins of human disease including cancer. We have applied this method to PNET by developing a single Sleeping Beauty transposon insertional mutagenesis mouse model that recapitulates the morphological similarities and genetic heterogeneity of MB and CNS PNET capable of identifying genetic drivers important for genesis of PNET. Importantly, this model has allowed new PNET phenotypes to be observed and is designed to reveal biologically relevant candidate oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes for MB and CNS PNET molecular subgroups in mice and humans. The ultimate goal of the approach we have taken is to uncover new understanding of the genetic basis for MB and CNS PNET development, how they are distinguished from each other, and offer potential targets for therapeutic testing to improve patient clinical outcome.
Sustainable Sources of Biomass for Bioremediation of Heavy Metals in Waste Water Derived from Coal-Fired Power Generation (2012)

Biosorption of heavy metals using dried algal biomass has been extensively described but rarely implemented. We contend this is because available algal biomass is a valuable product with a ready market. Therefore, we considered an alternative and practical approach to algal bioremediation in which algae were cultured directly in the waste water stream. We cultured three species of algae with and without nutrient addition in water that was contaminated with heavy metals from an Ash Dam associated with coal-fired power generation and tested metal uptake and bioremediation potential. All species achieved high concentrations of heavy metals (to 8% dry mass). Two key elements, V and As, reached concentrations in the biomass of 1543 mg.kg(-1) DW and 137 mg.kg(-1) DW. Growth rates were reduced by more than half in neat Ash Dam water than when nutrients were supplied in excess. Growth rate and bioconcentration were positively correlated for most elements, but some elements (e.g. Cd, Zn) were concentrated more when growth rates were lower, indicating the potential to tailor bioremediation depending on the pollutant. The cosmopolitan nature of the macroalgae studied, and their ability to grow and concentrate a suite of heavy metals from industrial wastes, highlights a clear benefit in the practical application of waste water bioremediation.
Pilot study of liraglutide effects in non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease with glucose intolerance in Japanese patients (LEAN‐J) (2014)

Aim Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease ( NAFLD ), a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome, is associated with an increased risk of developing lifestyle‐related diseases including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cerebral vessel disease. No current drug therapy provides the ideal effects of decreasing hepatic inflammation while simultaneously improving liver fibrosis. Liraglutide is a glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist that affects the histological findings in patients with non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis ( NASH ). This study was conducted to evaluate the effect and action of liraglutide for biopsy‐proven NASH . Methods After lifestyle modification intervention for 24 weeks, subjects whose hemoglobin A 1c levels failed to improve to less than 6.0% and/or whose alanine aminotransferase levels were not lower than baseline, received liraglutide at 0.9 mg/body per day for 24 weeks. Results Of 27 subjects, 26 completed the lifestyle modification intervention. Nineteen subjects received liraglutide therapy for 24 weeks. Body mass index, visceral fat accumulation, aminotransferases and glucose abnormalities improved significantly. Repeated liver biopsy was performed in 10 subjects who continued liraglutide therapy for 96 weeks. Six subjects showed decreased histological inflammation as determined by NASH activity score and stage determined by B runt classification. We saw no significant adverse events during therapy with liraglutide. Conclusion Our pilot study demonstrated that treatment with liraglutide had a good safety profile and significantly improved liver function and histological features in NASH patients with glucose intolerance.
1.4 μ m band electroluminescence from organic light-emitting diodes based on thulium complexes (2004)

Near-infrared (NIR) electroluminescence (EL) devices have been fabricated employing thulium complexes as emitting materials. The EL emissions at 1.4 and 0.8 μm were observed from the devices of tris-(dibenzoylmethanato)-mono-(bathophenanthroline or 1,10-phenonthroline) thulium [Tm(DBM)3bath or Tm(DBM)3phen] at room temperature and assigned to F34→H34 and F34→H36 transitions of Tm3+ ions, respectively. By comparison with the NIR emissions of four Tm complexes with different ligands, it was found that the first ligand played a more important role for the Tm3+ ion emissions rather than the second one. In order to meet the requirement of optical communication, both Tm(DBM)3bath and erbium [Er] (DBM)3bath were incorporated into EL devices so that a broadened EL emission band ranging from 1.4 to 1.6 μm was obtained, showing the potential application of Tm complexes for optical communication systems.
Introduction (2010)

The recent path and influence of philosophy of language can be traced back to its origins in logical positivism and the subsequent demise of logical positivism at the hands of Quine.1 Logical positivism aimed to make philosophy scientific, and tried to do so by appeal to an empiricist theory of knowledge grounded in a verificationist theory of meaning. Although the theory of meaning was inherently problematic, the rigour, clarity and respect for argument that the logical positivists advocated had a profound and long-lasting effect on philosophy as a discipline. The positivist movement, influenced by Frege through Russell, Carnap, and Wittgenstein, propagated the view that linguistic meaning (rather than first principles or the nature of concepts) was the proper starting point of philosophy, and there was a sharp break from philosophy's historical legacy.
High-Concentration Mirror-Based Kohler Integrating System for Tandem Solar Cells (2006)

A novel two-mirror high concentration nonimaging optic has been designed that shares the advantages of present two mirror aplanatic imaging concentrators but also overcomes their main limitation of trade-off between acceptance angle and irradiance uniformity. A system concept has been defined, and a first prototype in under development
First-principles calculations of the stability and local structure of -sialon ceramics on the line Si3N4–½Ca3N2:3AlN (2004)

The atomic structures of calcium sialons CaxSi12-mAlmN16 (m = 0.5, 1, 2, 4) with the - or -Si3N4-type structure were calculated, using the ab initio DFT approach, including relaxations of both lattice parameters and positions of the atoms. For all m values the -Si3N4-type structure has a lower energy than the -type. For m = 1, 2 and 4 the -type structure is also stable against decomposition into the metal nitrides, in agreement with experimental data. For m = 0.5 stability becomes uncertain. Al ions prefer positions close to Ca. Rather strong structural relaxations occur around the Ca ion.
Effects of fish oil supplementation on prefrontal metabolite concentrations in adolescents with major depressive disorder: A preliminary 1H MRS study (2014)

These preliminary data suggest that increasing the LCn-3 fatty acid status of adolescent MDD patients is associated with subtle changes in Glx, mI, and Cho concentrations in the DLPFC that warrant further evaluation in a larger controlled trial.
Abstract 18160: Distinct Transcriptomic Signatures Across Postnatal Cardiomyocyte Development (2016)

Background: The murine heart undergoes profound growth between postnatal day 10 (P10) and P18 due to both cardiomyocyte (CM) hypertrophy and hyperplasia. Objective: To determine the dynamic changes...
Chemical Hybridizing Agents for Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.):  Leads from QSAR Analysis of Ethyl Oxanilates and Pyridones (2006)

In the self-pollinated crops such as chickpea, induction of male sterility by deployment of chemical hybridizing agents (CHAs) facilitating "two-line" approach holds immense potential in heterosis breeding. A total of 40 test CHAs comprising 20 ethyl oxanilates and 20 pyridones were screened as potential CHAs on chickpea (variety BG 1088) at 500, 800, and 1000 ppm. Three test compounds mostly having either F (4)/Br (5)/CF(3) (19) at the para position of the aryl ring from a pool of 20 ethyl oxanilates were identified as the most potent CHAs causing >or=99% induction of pollen sterility and >90% total flower sterility at 1000-ppm test concentration. Among pyridone derivatives, N-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-carbethoxy-4,6-dimethyl, 1,2-dihydropyrid-2-one (26) was found to be the most active. Quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) analysis has revealed a direct involvement of Swain-Lupton field constant, F(p), with the target bioactivity which implied that field rather than resonance effect (R) had a positive effect on the activity. The real guiding principle for selectivity was found out to be the hydrophobic parameter pi value. The QSAR models indicated that increased steric bulk at the 4-position on the phenyl ring is associated with enhanced activity. The CHAs appeared to act by mimicking UDP-glucose, the key substrate in the synthesis of callose, or lead to an imbalance in acid-base equilibrium in pollen mother cells resulting in dissolution of callose wall by premature callase secretion.
An overview of cable modem technology and market perspectives (2001)

Cable modem technology enables its users to access the Internet at line speeds of some 300 kb/s and above. It utilizes coaxial cables entering subscribers' premises to simultaneously deliver cable TV programs, access the Internet, and also provide voice telephony. This overview article describes the basic technology, its standardization, and the huge potential market worldwide.
AGENTES NO AGENTSHEETS: COMO O AGENTSHEETS COMUNICA O CONCEITO DE AGENTES (2018)

This paper presents findings and observations on an interesting study of AgentSheets with a focus on the communication of the concept of agent by the designers of the tool. The concept of agent is a key concept of AgentSheets, even the tool name carries the related term. This study goal was to investigate how the concept is communicated to the users for the tool use. The study was composed by a Semiotic Inspection Method (SIM), triangulated with assisted user interaction. The interesting points and comments presented some promising indications for future investigations. The paper presets the research held during a graduation course of Introduction to HCI (Human computer interaction) of Informatics department of PUC-RIO.
Necklace: An Architecture for Distributed and Robust Service Function Chains With Guarantees (2020)

The service function chaining paradigm links ordered service functions via network virtualization, in support of applications with severe network constraints. To provide wide-area (federated) virtual network services, a distributed architecture should orchestrate cooperating or competing processes to generate and maintain virtual paths hosting service function chains while, guaranteeing performance and fast asynchronous consensus even in the presence of failures. To this end, we propose a prototype of an architecture for robust service function chain instantiation with convergence and performance guarantees. To instantiate a service chain, our system uses a fully distributed asynchronous consensus mechanism that has bounds on convergence time and leads to a (1 - 1/e)-approximation ratio with respect to the Pareto optimal chain instantiation, even in the presence of (non-byzantine) failures. Moreover, we show that a better optimal chain approximation cannot exist. To establish the practicality of our approach, we evaluate the system performance, policy tradeoffs, and overhead via simulations and through a prototype implementation. We then describe our extensible management object model and compare our asynchronous consensus's overhead against Raft, a recent decentralized consensus protocol, showing superior performance. We furthermore discuss a new management object model for distributed service function chain instantiation.
Utilization of estimated physicochemical properties as an integrated part of predicting hepatic clearance in the early drug-discovery stage: Impact of plasma and microsomal binding (2009)

Rapid prediction of hepatic clearance for drug candidates plays an important role for decision-making in the early drug-discovery stage. Although knowledge of protein binding in both plasma and microsomal components is needed in the prediction of metabolic clearance from metabolic stability studies, the capacity of protein binding assays are generally lower than those of metabolic stability assays. However, many in silico prediction methods for protein binding are now available and software packages such as ACDLabs, ADMET Predictor and SimCYP incorporate various aspects of in silico predictions relevant to estimating binding and clearance. This has facilitated the use of various estimated or measured physicochemical parameters, relevant to binding, to predict clearance. In this study, prediction of protein binding for 33 drugs was evaluated using various combinations of estimated physicochemical properties. Subsequently, the most accurate estimated protein binding values were used to predict hepatic clearance using the SimCYP software. For the drugs used herein, SimCYP provided the most accurate prediction for protein binding in both plasma and microsomes using physiochemical properties estimated with the ACDLabs software. In conclusion, the use of in silico methods as an integrated part of predicting hepatic clearance in early drug-discovery stage is recommended.