gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The major T cell epitope on type II collagen is glycosylated in normal cartilage but modified by arthritis in both rats and humans (2005)

Type II collagen (CII) is a target for autoreactive T cells in both rheumatoid arthritis and the murine model collagen-induced arthritis. The determinant core of CII has been identified as CII260-270, and the alteration of this T cell epitope by posttranslational modifications is known to be critical for development of arthritis in mice. Using CII-specific T cell hybridomas we have now shown that the immunodominant T cell epitope in the normal (healthy) human and rat joint cartilage is O-glycosylated at the critical T cell receptor recognition position 264 with a mono- or di-saccharide attached to a hydroxylysine. In contrast, in the arthritic human and rat joint cartilage there are both glycosylated and non-glycosylated CII forms. Glycosylated CII from normal cartilage could not be recognized by T cells reactive to peptides having only lysine or hydroxylysine at position 264, showing that antigen-presenting cells could not degrade the O-linked carbohydrate. Thus, the variable forms of the glycosylated epitope are determined by the structures present in cartilage, and these vary during the disease course. We conclude that the chondrocyte determines the structures presented to the immune system and that these structures are different in normal versus arthritic states.
NADPH oxidases as drug targets and biomarkers in neurodegenerative diseases: What is the evidence? (2017)

Neurodegenerative disease are frequently characterized by microglia activation and/or leukocyte infiltration in the parenchyma of the central nervous system and at the molecular level by increased oxidative modifications of proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. NADPH oxidases (NOX) emerged as a novel promising class of pharmacological targets for the treatment of neurodegeneration due to their role in oxidant generation and presumably in regulating microglia activation. The unique function of NOX is the generation of superoxide anion (O<sub>2</sub><sup>•-</sup>) and hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>). However in the context of neuroinflammation, they present paradoxical features since O<sub>2</sub><sup>•-</sup>/H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> generated by NOX and/or secondary reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from O<sub>2</sub><sup>•-</sup>/H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> can either lead to neuronal oxidative damage or resolution of inflammation. The role of NOX enzymes has been investigated in many models of neurodegenerative diseases by using either genetic or pharmacological approaches. In the present review we provide a critical assessment of recent findings related to the role of NOX in the CNS as well as how the field has advanced over the last 5 years. In particular, we focus on the data derived from the work of a consortium (Neurinox) funded by the European Commission's Programme 7 (FP7). We discuss the evidence gathered from animal models and human samples linking NOX expression/activity with neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease as well as autoimmune demyelinating diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS) and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). We address the possibility to use measurement of the activity of the NOX2 isoform in blood samples as biomarker of disease severity and treatment efficacy in neurodegenerative disease. Finally we clarify key controversial aspects in the field of NOX, such as NOX cellular expression in the brain, measurement of NOX activity, impact of genetic deletion of NOX in animal models of neurodegeneration and specificity of NOX inhibitors.
Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 1 Is Required for Optimal Foam Cell Formation and Atherosclerotic Lesion Development (2007)

Stat1 regulates CD36 expression and foam cell formation in macrophages in vitro; the Stat1 regulation of foam cell formation requires CD36. The regulation of CD36 expression by Stat1 may be important in other pathophysiological CD36-dependent events. Stat1 deficiency reduces atherosclerosis in an apolipoprotein e-/- atherosclerosis-susceptible bone marrow transplantation model.
Magnetic Cell Labeling and Manipulation in Cell Cultures (2010)

Magnetic cell labeling has numerous applications in cell separation and sorting, tissue engineering and magnetic resonance imaging. Mammalian cells can be magnetically labeled by first biotinylating their cell membrane proteins and then binding streptavidin‐coated paramagnetic particles onto the biotinylated proteins. Characterization studies indicated that the extent of cell biotinylation could be controlled by varying the biotinylating reagent concentration. Since the paramagnetic particles have high mass magnetization, the labeled cells were very responsive to magnetic field gradients and they could be targeted and patterned precisely using magnets. Magnetic multicellular spheroids were generated from these labeled cells and the constituent cells were found to be viable. These spheroids could be patterned using magnetic fields in a few seconds. This cell labeling methodology can be adapted to a wide variety of mammalian cell types. The labeled cells can then be manipulated in two dimensional cell culture or as three dimensional magnetic spheroids.
Mechanism of Chemical Bath Deposition of Cadmium Sulfide Thin Films in the Ammonia‐Thiourea System: In Situ Kinetic Study and Modelization (1993)

The mechanism of chemical bath deposition of cadmium sulfide thin films from the ammonia‐thiourea system is studied in situ by means of quartz crystal microbalance technique (QCM). The influence of reaction parameters (concentration of reactants, pH, anions, temperature, stirring rate) is determined. The growth is thermally activated with an activation energy of about 85 kJ/mol, which probably corresponds to a chemical step related to the decomposition of thiourea. The results are well interpreted by assuming an atom‐by‐atom growth mechanism. A model is presented, which fits most of the experimental results quantitatively. It involves two or three rate‐limiting surface steps, the formation of taking place via a surface complex between thiourea and cadmium hydroxide. Analytical expressions are given, allowing prediction of the rate under various conditions in this system.
Relationships of capsular polysaccharides belonging to Campylobacter jejuni HS1 serotype complex (2021)

The Campylobacter jejuni capsule type HS1 complex is one of the most common serotypes identified worldwide, and consists of strains typing as HS1, HS1/44, HS44 and HS1/8. The capsule structure of the HS1 type strain was shown previously to be composed of teichoic-acid like glycerol-galactosyl phosphate repeats [4-)-α-D-Galp-(1-2)-Gro-(1-P-] with non-stoichiometric fructose branches at the C2 and C3 of Gal and non-stoichiometric methyl phosphoramidate (MeOPN) modifications on the C3 of the fructose. Here, we demonstrate that the capsule of an HS1/44 strain is identical to that of the type strain of HS1, and the capsule of HS1/8 is also identical to HS1, except for an additional site of MeOPN modification at C6 of Gal. The DNA sequence of the capsule locus of an HS44 strain included an insertion of 10 genes, and the strain expressed two capsules, one identical to the HS1 type strain, but with no fructose branches, and another composed of heptoses and MeOPN. We also characterize a HS1 capsule biosynthesis gene, HS1.08, as a fructose transferase responsible for the attachment of the β-D-fructofuranoses residues at C2 and C3 of the Gal unit. In summary, the common component of all members of the HS1 complex is the teichoic-acid like backbone that is likely responsible for the observed sero-cross reactivity.
Transformation dependence of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) as shown by piezoafm surface mapping of SOL-GEL produced pzt on various substrates. (2001)

Abstract Abstract PZT was grown on STP (Si/SiO2/Ti/Pt (Ti 5nm, Pt 100nm)), SAP (Si/Si3N4/AI/Ti/Pt (Al 100nm, Ti 10nm, Pt 15nm)) and GI (Glass/ITO(Indium Tin Oxide)). In each case the PZT underwent the same heat treatment, 200°C for 2 minutes and then 530°C for 5 minutes. The extent of perovskite formation was evaluated using Piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM). This provided information about the domain orientation and spatial distribution of ferroelectric material in the PZT film. This showed that PZT/STP underwent complete transformation to the perovskite phase. However, for the PZT/SAP and GI incomplete transformation to the perovskite occurred. A system of rosettes surrounded by an amorphous matrix developed. The size and density of the PZT rosettes on the surface was found to be substrate dependent. For Gi/PZT the density of rosettes formation is ca. 1/μm2, compared to 4/μm2 for PZT/SAP. The rosettes for the PZT on GI grow a maximum size of 2μm, which compares to 1μm for PZT on SAP. Differences in the observed growth rate and nucleation density are associated with the back electrode stability and crystal structure, effects that will be discussed in this paper.
Single‐collector experiments and modeling of acoustically aided mesh filtration (2005)

Abstract A model for the motion of particles driven by acoustic and hydrodynamic effects in the vicinity of a cylindrical collector has been previously reported. This trajectory model was developed to describe the essential physics that underlies an ultrasonically aided particle‐filtration process in which a porous mesh is used to capture particles two orders of magnitude smaller than the pore size. To validate this trajectory model, experiments were performed to elucidate the detailed motion of particles in the neighborhood of a single cylindrical collector. Images of 54‐μm‐diameter polystyrene particles in aqueous suspension responding to acoustic and hydrodynamic forces were analyzed. Particle trajectories, calculated using only experimentally measured parameters as model inputs, well predicted the experimental observations. Adjustment of the local magnitude of the acoustic field, which accounts for spatial nonuniformities in the field, results in improvements in the correspondence between the trajectory predictions and the experimental observations. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2005
EFFECT OF THE APOE ε4 ALLELE AND COMBAT EXPOSURE ON PTSD AMONG IRAQ/AFGHANISTAN-ERA VETERANS (2015)

Although preliminary, these findings suggest that the APOE ε4 allele, in conjunction with exposure to high levels of combat exposure, may increase veterans' risk for developing PTSD.
A Semantic Model for Cyber Security (2011)

Smart Grid security is challenging as experts in both IT Security and ICS [Industrial Control Systems] systems are few. Expertise in multiple domains is needed, and tools that can be used to analyze smart grid systems during the design phase are non-existent. We used Semantic Web Technology to create an ontology that is capable of reasoning about security attributes. We used SADL (Semantic Application Design Language) to describe information about a smart grid system such as network topology, device specifications, and site-specific information. SADL uses English-like statements to build a model that is understandable by domain experts without requiring knowledge of Semantic Web technology. We describe components of the ontology that are capable of describing, measuring, and comparing both physical and network-specific risks. We also developed a GUI that displayed the results in a Failure Mode Effects Analysis, where threats are prioritized by Likelihood, Detectability, and Severity.
Differential vulnerability of oculomotor, facial, and hypoglossal nuclei in G86R superoxide dismutase transgenic mice (2000)

In recent years, several mouse models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) have been developed. One, caused by a G86R mutation in the superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD-1) gene associated with familial ALS, has been subjected to extensive quantitative analyses in the spinal cord. However, the human form of ALS includes pathology elsewhere in the nervous system. In the present study, analyses were extended to three motor nuclei in the brainstem. Mutant mice and control littermates were evaluated daily, and mutants, along with their littermate controls, were killed when they were severely affected. Brains were removed after perfusion and processed for Nissl staining, the samples were randomized, and the investigators were blinded to their genetic status. Stereologic methods were used to estimate the number of neurons, mean neuronal volumes, and nuclear volume in three brainstem motor nuclei known to be differentially involved in the human form of the disease, the oculomotor, facial, and hypoglossal nuclei. In the facial nucleus, neuron number consistently declined (48%), an effect that was correlated with disease severity. The nuclear volume of the facial nucleus was smaller in the SOD-1 mutant mice (45.7% difference from control mice) and correlated significantly with neuron number. The oculomotor and hypoglossal nuclei showed less extreme involvement (<10% neuronal loss overall), with a trend toward fewer neurons in the hypoglossal nucleus of animals with severe facial nucleus involvement. In the oculomotor nucleus, neuronal loss was seen only once in five mice, associated with very severe disease. There was no significant change in the volume of individual neurons in any of these three nuclei in any transgenic mouse. These results suggest that different brainstem motor nuclei are differentially affected in this SOD-1 mutant model of ALS. The relatively moderate and late involvement of the hypoglossal nucleus indicates that, although the general patterns of neuronal pathology match closely those seen in ALS patients, some differences exist in this transgenic model compared with the progression of the disease in humans. However, these patterns of cellular vulnerability may provide clues for understanding the differential susceptibility of neural structures in ALS and other neurodegenerative diseases.
Effect of Body and Texture on Cultures, Sugar Levels and Storage Periods of Shrikhand (2020)

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of body and texture on starter cultures, sugar levels and storage periods of Shrikhand at Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying of Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur (U.P.) India. The results of the present investigation showed that the maximum score (8.00) was in case of fresh samples prepared from the combination of Lactococcus lactice subsp. cremoris with 40 % sugar level and mango flvour (A2B2C2D1) followed by the combination of A2B2C2D1, A2B1C3D1, A3B1C3D1, A2B2C1D1 and A1B2C3D1, respectively which were statistically at par with respect to body and texture score of shrikhand and were graded excellent quality and liked extremely. The lowest score (3.00) was registered from A1B3C1D4 samples and were graded as poor quality.
Toward the simulation of emotion in synthetic speech: A review of the literature on human vocal emotion (1993)

There has been considerable research into perceptible correlates of emotional state, but a very limited amount of the literature examines the acoustic correlates and other relevant aspects of emotion effects in human speech; in addition, the vocal emotion literature is almost totally separate from the main body of speech analysis literature. A discussion of the literature describing human vocal emotion, and its principal findings, are presented. The voice parameters affected by emotion are found to be of three main types: voice quality, utterance timing, and utterance pitch contour. These parameters are described both in general and in detail for a range of specific emotions. Current speech synthesizer technology is such that many of the parameters of human speech affected by emotion could be manipulated systematically in synthetic speech to produce a simulation of vocal emotion; application of the literature to construction of a system capable of producing synthetic speech with emotion is discussed.
White Matter Consequences of Retinal Receptor and Ganglion Cell Damage (2014)

Both photoreceptor layer (CRD) and retinal ganglion cell (LHON) retinal disease causes substantial change in the visual white matter. These changes can be measured using diffusion MRI. The diffusion changes measured in the optic tract and the optic radiation differ, suggesting that they are caused by different biological mechanisms.
Supramolecular Encapsulated Rhodium Catalysts for Branched Selective Hydroformylation of Alkenes at High Temperature (2013)

Abstract This study reveals that, in contrast to expectations, supramolecular encapsulated rhodium catalysts can be used at industrially relevant temperatures (75–80 °C), providing highly active catalysts. The unprecedented regioselectivity for the branched aldehydes can be retained if high carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations are used.
ChemInform Abstract: A NOVEL CARBON‐PHOSPHORUS POLYCATION HETEROCYCLE (1976)

Abstract Bei der Umsetzung mit 1,2‐ Bis‐diphenylphosphino‐äthan (II) erhält man aus den 1,4‐Xylylendichloriden in hohen Ausbeuten die makrocyclischen Tetrakis‐phosphoniumsalze (III) die z.B. durch Alkali zu den p‐Xylenen (IV) und dem Bis‐phosphinoxid (V) gespalten werder können.
Adaptive Dantzig density estimation (2011)

L’objectif de cet article est de construire un estimateur d’une densité inconnue comme combinaison linéaire de fonctions d’un dictionnaire. Inspirés par l’approche de Candès et Tao, nous proposons une minimisation de la norme ℓ1 des coefficients dans la combinaison linéaire sous une contrainte de Dantzig adaptative issue d’inégalités de concentration précises. Ceci nous permet de considérer une large classe de dictionnaires. Sous des hypothèses de structure locale ou globale, nous obtenons des inégalités oracles. Ces résultats théoriques sont transposés à l’estimateur Lasso adaptatif naturellement associé à notre procédure de Dantzig. Le problème de la calibration de ces procédures est alors étudié à la fois du point de vue théorique et du point de vue pratique. Enfin, une étude numérique montre l’amélioration significative obtenue par notre procédure en comparaison d’autres procédures plus classiques.
Bending Crush Resistance of Partially Foam-Filled Sections (2000)

Potential applications of foam-filled sections are for the automotive structures. A foam-filled section can be used for the front rail and firewall structures to absorb impact energy during frontal or side collision. In the case of biaxial loading where bending and axial compression are involved in the crushing mechanics, the foam filler will be significant in maintaining progressive crushing of the thin-walled structures so that more impact energy can be absorbed. In the case of side collision, the foam-filled section can be used to strengthen the B-pillar structure to avoid severe intrusion in the passenger compartment.
Flash Photography for Data-Driven Hidden Scene Recovery (2018)

Vehicles, search and rescue personnel, and endoscopes use flash lights to locate, identify, and view objects in their surroundings. Here we show the first steps of how all these tasks can be done around corners with consumer cameras. Recent techniques for NLOS imaging using consumer cameras have not been able to both localize and identify the hidden object. We introduce a method that couples traditional geometric understanding and data-driven techniques. To avoid the limitation of large dataset gathering, we train the data-driven models on rendered samples to computationally recover the hidden scene on real data. The method has three independent operating modes: 1) a regression output to localize a hidden object in 2D, 2) an identification output to identify the object type or pose, and 3) a generative network to reconstruct the hidden scene from a new viewpoint. The method is able to localize 12cm wide hidden objects in 2D with 1.7cm accuracy. The method also identifies the hidden object class with 87.7% accuracy (compared to 33.3% random accuracy). This paper also provides an analysis on the distribution of information that encodes the occluded object in the accessible scene. We show that, unlike previously thought, the area that extends beyond the corner is essential for accurate object localization and identification.
Online face recognition system for videos based on modified probabilistic neural networks (2005)

Video retrieval in consumer applications demands high level semantic descriptors such as people's identity. The problem is that in a variety of videos such as home videos, Hollywood content, TV broadcast content; mobile phone videos faces are not easy to recognize. Even more, a closed system trained to recognize only a predetermined number of faces become obsolete very easily. We developed an online-learning face recognition system for a variety of videos based on modified probabilistic neural networks (MPNN). This face recognition system can detect and recognize known faces, as well as automatically detect unknown faces and train the unknown faces online into new face classifiers such that this "unknown face" can be recognized if it appears again. MPNN is a variant of the PNN with thresholding on the category (output) layer of a probabilistic neural network (PNN) in order to detect unknown categories of input data. The PNN training makes the online training very fast because adding new faces does not require retraining of the known categories. Our experimental results show that on-line learning gives somewhat lower hit rate, while at the same time reducing the false positive rate.
Recent Progress in the Research and Development of New Products for Malaria and Dengue Vector Control (2015)

SUMITOMO KAGAKU 2015 a long-lasting insecticidal net and thereafter contributed greatly to reducing malaria deaths. In addition, Eminence® (also referred to as SumiOne®), ETOC®, and other synthetic pyrethroids developed by Sumitomo Chemical as household and public health insecticides are protecting people from the threat of mosquitoes in a variety of different formulations. In this article, we review the progress of recent research and development at Sumitomo Chemical in the field of vector control, focusing on malaria and dengue fever.
Validation of the motion sickness severity scale: Secondary analysis of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of a treatment for motion sickness (2023)

The MSSS is a valid instrument for the assessment of the core motion sickness symptoms and is reflective of global disease severity. Implementation of the MSSS and comparable simplified, short questionnaires in motion sickness research will provide rapid and accurate measures of disease severity. These measures will enable further elucidation of motion sickness as an illness and inform the development and evaluation of motion sickness therapies.
Graphitized Carbon Fibers as Multifunctional 3D Current Collectors for High Areal Capacity Li Anodes (2017)

The Li metal anode has long been considered as one of the most ideal anodes due to its high energy density. However, safety concerns, low efficiency, and huge volume change are severe hurdles to the practical application of Li metal anodes, especially in the case of high areal capacity. Here it is shown that that graphitized carbon fibers (GCF) electrode can serve as a multifunctional 3D current collector to enhance the Li storage capacity. The GCF electrode can store a huge amount of Li via intercalation and electrodeposition reactions. The as-obtained anode can deliver an areal capacity as high as 8 mA h cm<sup>-2</sup> and exhibits no obvious dendritic formation. In addition, the enlarged surface area and porous framework of the GCF electrode result in lower local current density and mitigate high volume change during cycling. Thus, the Li composite anode displays low voltage hysteresis, high plating/stripping efficiency, and long lifespan. The multifunctional 3D current collector promisingly provides a new strategy for promoting the cycling lifespan of high areal capacity Li anodes.