gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Persistence of immunity to SARS-CoV-2 over time in the ski resort Ischgl (2021)

Background In early March 2020, a SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in the ski resort Ischgl in Austria triggered the spread of SARS-CoV-2 throughout Austria and Northern Europe. In a previous study, we found that the seroprevalence in the adult population of Ischgl had reached 45% by the end of April, representing an exceptionally high level of local seropositivity in Europe. We performed a follow-up study in Ischgl, which is the first to show persistence of immunity and protection against SARS-CoV-2 and some of its variants at a community level. Methods Of the 1259 adults that participated in the baseline study, 801 have been included in the follow-up in November 2020. The study involved the analysis of binding and neutralizing antibodies and T cell responses. In addition, the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants in Ischgl was compared to the incidence in similar municipalities in Tyrol until April 2021. Findings For the 801 individuals that participated in both studies, the seroprevalence declined from 51.4% (95% confidence interval (CI) 47.9-54.9) to 45.4% (95% CI 42.0-49.0). Median antibody concentrations dropped considerably (5.345, 95% CI 4.833 - 6.123 to 2.298, 95% CI 2.141 - 2.527) but antibody avidity increased (17.02, 95% CI 16.49 - 17.94 to 42.46, 95% CI 41.06 - 46.26). Only one person had lost detectable antibodies and T cell responses. In parallel to this persistent immunity, we observed that Ischgl was relatively spared, compared to similar municipalities, from the prominent second COVID-19 wave that hit Austria in November 2020. In addition, we used sequencing data to show that the local immunity acquired from wild-type infections also helped to curb infections from variants of SARS-CoV-2 which spread in Austria since January 2021. Interpretation The relatively high level of seroprevalence (40-45%) in Ischgl persisted and might have been associated with the observed protection of Ischgl residents against virus infection during the second COVID-19 wave as well as against variant spread in 2021. Funding Funding was provided by the government of Tyrol and the FWF Austrian Science Fund.
Chemical storage of renewable energy (2018)

A stable electrochemical cell selectively produces ethylene from carbon dioxide
Benzothiazole durch CC‐Spaltung von α‐[(2‐Nitrophenyl)thio]ketonen (1984)

Abstract Einwirkung von Ammoniak bzw. Natronlauge auf die α‐[(2‐Nitrophenyl)thio]ketone 4, 11a – c und 16 führt unter CC‐Spaltung zu den Benzothiazol‐ N ‐oxid‐Derivaten 8, 12a  c und 17 ; aus dem 3‐[(2‐Nitrophenyl)thio]‐4‐piperidon‐Derivat 22 entsteht der 2‐Benzothiazolcarbaldehyd 23 .
BPF+ (1999)

A packet filter is a programmable selection criterion for classifying or selecting packets from a packet stream in a generic, reusable fashion. Previous work on packet filters falls roughly into two categories, namely those efforts that investigate flexible and extensible filter abstractions but sacrifice performance, and those that focus on low-level, optimized filtering representations but sacrifice flexibility. Applications like network monitoring and intrusion detection, however, require both high-level expressiveness and raw performance. In this paper, we propose a fully general packet filter framework that affords both a high degree of flexibility and good performance. In our framework, a packet filter is expressed in a high-level language that is compiled into a highly efficient native implementation. The optimization phase of the compiler uses a flowgraph set relation called edge dominators and the novel application of an optimization technique that we call "redundant predicate elimination," in which we interleave partial redundancy elimination, predicate assertion propagation, and flowgraph edge elimination to carry out the filter predicate optimization. Our resulting packet-filtering framework, which we call BPF+, derives from the BSD packet filter (BPF), and includes a filter program translator, a byte code optimizer, a byte code safety verifier to allow code to migrate across protection boundaries, and a just-in-time assembler to convert byte codes to efficient native code. Despite the high degree of flexibility afforded by our generalized framework, our performance measurements show that our system achieves performance comparable to state-of-the-art packet filter architectures and better than hand-coded filters written in C.
13-μm InAs/GaAs quantum-dot lasers monolithically grown on Si substrates using InAlAs/GaAs dislocation filter layers (2014)

We compare InAlAs/GaAs and InGaAs/GaAs strained-layer superlattices (SLSs) as dislocation filter layers for 1.3-μm InAs/GaAs quantum-dot laser structures directly grown on Si substrates. InAlAs/GaAs SLSs are found to be more effective than InGaAs/GaAs SLSs in blocking the propagation of threading dislocations generated at the interface between the GaAs buffer layer and the Si substrate. Room-temperature lasing at ~1.27 μm with a threshold current density of 194 A/cm(2) and output power of ~77 mW has been demonstrated for broad-area lasers grown on Si substrates using InAlAs/GaAs dislocation filter layers.
[Recovered reproductive function in female patient with sever genital tuberculosis]. (1998)

In severe genitoperitonial tuberculosis, conglomerate forms of the disease, and liquid accumulation between intestinal loop adhesions, laparotomy may verify the diagnosis in the shortest time while other diagnostic methods cannot be used due to contraindications for them. The operation should be maximally saving and only diagnostic. Timely combined antituberculous treatment concurrently with surgical interventions yields good results of recovered reproductive function.
10-Gb/s subcarrier multiplexed transmission over 490 km of ordinary single-mode fiber without dispersion compensation (1997)

This letter describes the results of a field trial in which four 2.5-Gb/s data channels were transmitted around the San Francisco Bay over ordinary telephone company fiber at 1550 nm with negligible dispersion penalty using subcarrier multiplexing (SCM). Using off-the-shelf microwave components and a lithium niobate external modulator having a modulation bandwidth of around 20 GHz, we were able to multiplex four tightly spaced high-speed data channels at a single wavelength. At the receiving end, we optically demultiplexed the data using optical filters and OC-48 clock recovery receivers.
Resolution of the steroid-binding and dimerization domains of human sex hormone-binding globulin by expression in Escherichia coli (1995)

To determine the minimal sequence requirements for steroid binding and dimerization of human sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), the SHBG polypeptide and various SHBG deletion mutants were expressed as glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion proteins in Escherichia coli. Fusion proteins containing the complete SHBG sequence, or the first 177 N-terminal residues of SHBG, bound steroids with high affinity and specificity. Further deletions from the C-terminus severely compromised steroid-binding activity, as did N-terminal deletions beyond residue 18 in the SHBG sequence. Thus, residues 18-177 in SHBG encompass a region required for its steroid-binding activity, and a disulfide bridge normally present between Cys-164 and Cys-188 in SHBG is not obviously essential for steroid binding. Most of the GST/SHBG fusion proteins undergo cleavage at 4 degrees C, releasing immunoreactive polypeptides that correspond approximately in size to their respective SHBG sequences. The 23-kDa immunoreactive cleavage product released from the fusion protein containing residues 1-205 in the SHBG sequence (SHBG 1-205) has a 50-fold greater steroid-binding capacity but a 7.5-fold lower affinity than its parent fusion protein. In addition, the 22-kDa immunoreactive polypeptide released from SHBG(1-194) binds steroid, and its dimerization is promoted by steroid ligands that bind SHBG with high affinity. These data suggest that the N-terminal region of SHBG dimerizes readily in the absence of GST and in doing so acquires steroid-binding sites.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy in follow-up patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumours (2003)

EUS-FNAB against SMTs was useful for the differential diagnosis of SMT and the analysis of c-kit mutation. The c-kit mutation might not be one of the predictable markers for rapid tumour growth.
DTCO including Sustainability: Power-Performance-Area-Cost-Environmental score (PPACE) Analysis for Logic Technologies (2020)

Driven by concerns on climate change, resources depletion, local and global pollution, sustainability is becoming an integral component of business and of regulations. The progress of Design Technology Co- Optimization (DTCO) methodologies and tools, building transversal knowledge from manufacturing to design, provides an opportunity to develop a framework for early sustainability assessments of logic technologies. Environmental scores can be derived together with the established Power, Performance, Area, Cost (PPAC) metrics. To demonstrate this approach, we evaluate the energy and water consumption as well as the greenhouse gas emissions trends from processing logic nodes from iN28 to iN3 with different scaling scenarios.
Route guidance sign recognition (2002)

We propose a new method that can extract route guidance signs from road scene image taken by an on-board camera and describe its structure. We model the route guidance sign as a two level recursive rectangular model. We represent the rectangle of route guidance sign candidate as a pair of vertical line segments and one or two horizontal lines connected to it. After finding one rectangle we then search for rectangles of the same size aligned horizontally. The character candidate regions are separated from the sign area using the p-tile method, and we represent the character candidate by a circumscribed rectangle. Since the letters are of the same size and placed horizontally, the system can search undetected letters within the horizontal area. The arrow candidate has the largest area of all the character candidates. The system recognizes arrows of three directions (right, left and straight) by template matching. We applied the proposed method to real road scene images, and experimental results showed the effectiveness of this method.
<title>Accurate visualization and quantification of coronary vasculature by 3D/4D fusion from biplane angiography and intravascular ultrasound</title> (2001)

In the rapidly evolving field of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) for tissue characterization and visualization, the assessment of vessel morphology still lacks a geometrically correct 3D reconstruction. The IVUS frames are usually stacked up to form a straight vessel, neglecting curvature and the axial twisting of the catheter during the pullback. This paper presents a comprehensive system for geometrically correct reconstruction of IVUS images by fusion with biplane angiography, thus combining the advantages of both modalities. Vessel cross-section and tissue characteristics are obtained form IVUS, while the 3D locations are derived by geometrical reconstruction from the angiographic projections. ECG-based timing ensures a proper match of the image data with the respective heart phase. The fusion is performed for each heart phase individually, thus yielding the 4-D data as a set of 3-D reconstructions.
Einsatz von Stahlfaserbeton im Tunnelbau (2006)

Stahlfaserbeton wird zunehmend bei Tunnelbauwerken eingesetzt. Dies basiert in erster Linie auf einer verstärkten Akzeptanz dieses Verbundbaustoffs in der Bauindustrie, verbunden mit den positiven Erfahrungen bei einzelnen, durchgeführten Tunnelbauvorhaben. Der Ersatz der herkömmlichen Bewehrung durch Stahlfasern bringt einerseits eine Erleichterung und Beschleunigung der Arbeitsabläufe andererseits eine Verbesserung der Dauerhaftigkeit der Tunnelkonstruktion. Aufgrund vorhandener Drucknormalkräfte in Kombination mit relativ geringen Biegemomenten und der statischen Unbestimmtheit der Tunnelschale sind gleichwertige Lösungen zum Stahlbeton möglich. Steel Fibre Concrete in Tunnel Constructions Steel fibre concrete is used increasingly for tunnel buildings. Primarily this is based on an intensified acceptance of this composite building material in the building trade, in connection with the positive experiences of individual accomplished tunnel construction projects. The replacement of the conventional reinforcement by steel fibres not only leads to an easement and an acceleration of the operational sequences but also to an improvement of the durability of tunnel constructions. Due to existing normal compressive forces in combination with relatively small bending moments and the statically undetermination of the tunnel shell equivalent solutions to the reinforced concrete are possible.
Mice expressing human but not murine beta3-adrenergic receptors under the control of human gene regulatory elements. (1998)

Beta-adrenergic receptors (ARs) are expressed predominantly in adipose tissue, and beta3-selective agonists are effective anti-obesity drugs in rodents. Rodent and human beta3-ARs differ with respect to expression in white versus brown adipocytes as well as their ability to be stimulated by beta3-AR-selective agonists. Humans express beta3-AR mRNA abundantly in brown but not white adipocytes, while rodents express beta3-AR mRNA abundantly in both sites. To determine the basis for this difference, we have transgenically introduced 74 kilobases (kb) of human beta3-AR genomic sequence into gene knockout mice lacking beta3-ARs. Importantly, human beta3-AR mRNA was expressed only in brown adipose tissue (BAT) of transgenic mice, with little or no expression being detected in white adipose tissue (WAT), liver, stomach, small intestine, skeletal muscle, and heart. This pattern of expression differed from that observed in mice bearing a murine beta3-AR genomic transgene in which beta3-AR mRNA was expressed in both WAT and BAT, but not in other sites. Furthermore, we have transgenically introduced smaller human constructs containing -14.5 and -0.6 kb of upstream sequence into beta3-AR gene knockout mice. Both -14.5 and -0.6 kb constructs were expressed in BAT but not WAT. Thus, human but not murine cis-regulatory elements direct beta3-AR gene expression preferentially to brown adipocytes. Identification of responsible cis-regulatory element(s) and relevant trans-acting factor(s) should provide insight into mechanisms controlling human beta3-AR gene expression. In addition, the beta3-AR agonist, CGP-12177, stimulated oxygen consumption in mice expressing human but not murine beta3-ARs by 91% compared with only 49% in control beta3-AR gene knockout mice, demonstrating that the human beta3-AR can functionally couple with energy expenditure. These "humanized" mice should assist us in the development of drugs that may become effective anti-obesity agents in humans.
Skin effect suppression in multilayer thin-film spiral inductor taking advantage of negative permeability of magnetic film beyond FMR frequency (2010)

This paper describes the study on skin effect suppression in multilayer thin film coplanar transmission lines and spiral inductors taking advantage of negative permeability of ferromagnetic film beyond the ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) frequency. The Al/NiFe and Cu/CoZrNb multilayered thin film coplanar transmission lines are studied. The measured resistance of both coplanar transmission lines becomes small when the real part permeability is negative, as the number of layers is more than 15, suggesting that each metal layer should be thinner than the skin depth of original metal layer. As for the spiral inductor consisting of Cu/CoZrNb multilayered thin film, the quality factor exhibited 14.6 at 5.2 GHz at largest.
Depinning dynamics of crack fronts (2019)

We investigate experimentally and theoretically the dynamics of a crack front during the microinstabilities taking place in heterogeneous materials between two successive equilibrium positions. We focus specifically on the spatiotemporal evolution of the front, as it relaxes to a straight configuration, after depinning from a single obstacle of controlled strength and size. We show that this depinning dynamics is not controlled by inertia, but instead by the rate dependency of the dissipative mechanisms taking place within the fracture process zone. This implies that the crack speed fluctuations around its average value ${v}_{m}$ can be predicted from an overdamped equation of motion $(v\ensuremath{-}{v}_{m})/{v}_{0}=[G\ensuremath{-}{G}_{c}({v}_{m})]/{G}_{c}({v}_{m})$ involving the characteristic material speed ${v}_{0}={G}_{c}({v}_{m})/{G}_{c}^{\ensuremath{'}}({v}_{m})$ that emerges from the variation of fracture energy with crack speed. Our findings pave the way to a quantitative description of the critical depinning dynamics of cracks in disordered solids and open up new perspectives for the prediction of the effective failure properties of heterogeneous materials.
Development and demonstration of functionalized inorganic–organic hybrid copper phosphate nanoflowers for mimicking the oxidative reactions of metalloenzymes by working as a nanozyme (2021)

Copper phosphate nanoflowers (CuPNFs) have been synthesized in the presence of different aromatic phenanthroline derivatives (Ln), leading to inorganic-organic hybrid materials (Ln-CuPNFs). Studies revealed that the morphology of nanoflowers varies as a function of the aromatic moiety present in the derivative, Ln (where 'n' corresponds to phenyl, naphthyl, anthracenyl, and pyrenyl) used for coating the nanomaterial. Other noticeable changes were the increase in the size of the flower by ∼2-3 fold in the presence of these derivatives. In the absence of such aromatic phenanthroline derivatives, i.e., the use of 1,10-phenanthroline-5-amine did not induce the formation of nanoflowers, suggesting that the organic derivatization used in the present study stabilizes the nanoflower structure. Nanoflowers were characterized using X-ray diffraction, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) isotherm, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman and Infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy, thus covering a range of diffraction, spectroscopy, and microscopy techniques. Nanoflowers, Ln-CuPNFs, have been demonstrated for the oxidative reactions mimicking copper metalloenzymes in the presence and absence of hydrogen peroxide using different substrates. Thus, hybrid Ln-CuPNFs mediate the complete oxidation of o-phenylenediamine, dopamine, ascorbate oxidase, and terephthalic acid without causing much change in the morphology of the hybrid nanoflower material and with the retention of the activity supporting the hybrid as an acceptable enzyme mimicking material. Oxidation is mediated through hydroxyl radical formation and the order of the oxidative activity is pyrenyl > anthracenyl > naphthyl > phenyl for the inorganic-organic hybrid nanoflowers. The copper complex of pyrenyl-appended phenanthroline derivative also showed similar biomimetic activity.
Precision surface profile measurements by comb-based multi-wavelength interferometry (2013)

Precision measurement of large-stepped surface profiles is demonstrated using the frequency comb of a femtosecond pulse laser. Four optical wavelengths are selected out of the frequency comb to realize the principle of multi-wavelength interferometry with traceability to the Rb atomic clock of time/frequency standard. A large step-height of &#x223C;70 &#x03BC;m is exemplarily measured with nanometre precision with the maximum measurable height being extended to tens of mm.
Effect of BV‐araU and Acyclovir on Varicella‐Zoster Virus Replication with Various Length and Timing of Drug Exposure (1994)

We studied antiviral effects of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-5-[(E)-2-bromovinyl]uracil (BV-araU) and acyclovir against varicella-zoster virus (VZV) multiplication varying the length or timing of drug exposure. First, residual anti-VZV effect of drugs, exposed to cells for various periods followed by incubation in drug-free medium, was determined by the plaque inhibition assay. None of the drugs showed activity when removed within 24 hr of incubation. Weakened efficacy of BV-araU was seen in 2 days of treatment. When it was removed after 3 or 4 days, the ED50 was as low as that for cultures in which the drug was not removed. Still, plaque inhibition was not complete even at high concentrations. Acyclovir inhibited plaque formation only by 50% or less in 2 days of treatment. It gave a much higher ED50 in 3 days of treatment than that observed without drug removal. In the experiments, in which BV-araU was added to VZV-infected cells 1 day after infection, BV-araU immediately suppressed increase in the number of infective centers at a concentration of 0.001 microgram/ml, and reduced it at concentrations of 0.01 microgram/ml or higher. The reduction of infective centers was seen with a dose-dependent manner when added 2 or 3 days after infection. BV-araU stimulated the decrease in the number of infective centers when added 4 days after infection. This inhibitory effect of acyclovir was very weak. Microscopic observations supported the above results. BV-araU was still much superior to acyclovir in the anti-VZV effect when the length and timing of drug exposure were varied.
The role of resveratrol, Sirtuin1 and RXRα as prognostic markers in ovarian cancer (2021)

123 tissue samples of patients with serous or mucinous ovarian cancer were examined for expression of Sirt1 and RXR. Ovarian cell lines were treated with RSV and consequences on viability and apoptosis were evaluated. The influence of RSV to Sirt1 and RXR expression was analyzed by western blotting RESULTS: A correlation of nuclear Sirt1 and RXRα expression could be detected (p = 0.006). Co-expression of nuclear RXRα and cytoplasmic (p = 0.026) or nuclear (p = 0.041) Sirt1 was associated with significantly increased overall survival in advanced tumour stages. Viability was decreased in all cell lines after stimulation with resveratrol, while cell apoptosis was increased. RSV treatment led to significant lower Sirt1 expression in A2780 cells (p = 0.025) and significant increased RXR expression in cisA2780 cells (p = 0.012) CONCLUSION: In order to use RSV as medical target, studies could be developed to improve the understanding of drug resistance mechanisms and consequently improve treatment outcome.