gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental determination of the number of trapped ions, detection limit, and dynamic range in Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTExperimental determination of the number of trapped ions, detection limit, and dynamic range in Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometryPatrick A. Limbach, Peter B. Grosshans, and Alan G. MarshallCite this: Anal. Chem. 1993, 65, 2, 135–140Publication Date (Print):January 15, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 January 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00050a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00050a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views537Altmetric-Citations89LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Supplementary Methods from <i>ZFTA</i> Translocations Constitute Ependymoma Chromatin Remodeling and Transcription Factors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Additional Methods for online&lt;/p&gt;
Ring walking as a regioselectivity control element in Pd-catalyzed C-N cross-coupling (2022)

Ring walking is an important mechanistic phenomenon leveraged in many catalytic C-C bond forming reactions. However, ring walking has been scarcely studied under Buchwald-Hartwig amination conditions despite the importance of such transformations. An in-depth mechanistic study of the Buchwald-Hartwig amination is presented focussing on ligand effects on ring walking behavior. The ability of palladium catalysts to promote or inhibit ring walking is strongly influenced by the chelating nature of the ligand. In stark contrast, the resting state of the catalyst had no impact on ring walking behavior. Furthermore, the complexity of the targeted system enabled the differentiation between catalysts which undergo ring walking versus diffusion-controlled coupling. The insights gained in this study were leveraged to achieve desymmetrization of a tetrabrominated precursor. A small library of asymmetric 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis[N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9'spirobifluorene (SpiroOMeTAD) derivatives were successfully synthesized using this strategy highlighting the ease with which libraries of these compounds can be accessed for screening.
The microbiology and histopathology of human root caries. (1995)

Based on numerous microbiological studies performed over the past several decades, it is clear that mutans streptococci can cause human root caries. S. mutans fulfills the criteria for implicating bacteria in the etiology of a mixed infection. For example, S. mutans is found in high numbers in lesion sites, higher than on sound root surfaces in the same subject. Subjects make elevated antibody levels to S. mutans antigens. The organism produces a number of virulence factors including metabolic acid from dietary sucrose and extracellular polysaccharides which facilitate bacterial colonization of tooth surfaces. Eliminating or reducing the number of S. mutans reduces the number of root caries lesions and can even result in "healing" of incipient lesions. There is also data demonstrating the cariogenic potential of S. mutans in animal models. Clearly, S. mutans fulfills the aforementioned requirements. Further, there is also evidence to implicate Lactobacillus as being important in the pathogenesis of root caries by virtue of its association with S. mutans in these lesions. There is less recent evidence regarding the importance of Actinomyces in this disease. While this microorganism is present in root caries and while animal studies clearly point to their cariogenic potential, more recent studies with few exceptions fail to find much association between Actinomyces and root caries. There is an important caveat, however. The Actinomyces may have subspecies groups which are more highly virulent and more closely involved in the etiology of root caries than other groups. For example, A. viscosus serovar 2 is associated with root caries. This and other subspecies groups may produce certain virulence factors not found within Actinomyces species as a whole. For this group of microorganisms and for other potential pathogens, techniques in molecular biology such as 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing offers the hope of more precisely defining species and unraveling what may be largely problems in bacterial taxonomy. Ribosomal RNA sequencing may reveal taxonomic relationships not apparent with classical phenotypic or serologic analyses. Other molecular methods, such as DNA or RNA probes to specific virulence factors may also reveal relationships between clinical lesions and microorganisms possessing these virulence factors. Finally, there are clearly a number of additional species which may have importance in root surface caries as shown in some studies. These techniques can be used to identify the distribution of novel, even uncultivable bacteria in root caries lesions and in this way establish their role in this important disease.
Trusted Computing for Protecting Ad-hoc Routing (2006)

Ad-hoc networks rely on participation and cooperation of nodes within the network to transmit data to destinations. However, in networks where participating nodes are controlled by different owners, nodes may choose to act in their own interest to the detriment of the network. Current solutions either exact high overheads on the network and nodes, or only operate in specialized scenarios and prevent a small selection of attacks. Trusted computing provides additional security in open computing environments by allowing software to prove its identity and integrity to remote entities. We propose using trusted computing to prevent misconfigured or malicious nodes from participating in the network. We extend AODV to ensure that only trustworthy nodes participate in the network. The protocol exacts less overhead on the network than many other approaches and can be applied in a wide variety of scenarios
New structure of silica-based planar lightwave circuits for low-power thermooptic switch and its application to 8 × 8 optical matrix switch (2002)

We propose a novel structure that reduces the switching power of a silica-based thermooptic switch (TOSW). The structure consists of silicon trenches and heat insulating grooves, which are formed beneath and beside the arms of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, respectively. We optimize the structure using the differential-element method (DEM) and fabricate a 2 /spl times/ 2 TOSW with a switching power of only 90 mW, namely, 75% less than that of a conventional TOSW. We also obtain an insertion loss of about 1 dB and an extinction ratio of over 30 dB with a response time from 0% to 90% of 4.9 ms. We then use the structure to fabricate an 8 /spl times/ 8 matrix switch and confirm a total power consumption of 1.4 W with an average insertion loss of 7.4 dB and an extinction ratio of 50.4 dB for 64 possible optical paths.
The EC 14026 stars -- V. The pulsation periods of PB 8783 (1998)

PB 8783 is a member of the newly discovered class of pulsating sdB stars, the EC 14026 stars. The potential of the pulsations of these stars as diagnostic probes of their interiors can only be realized fully by intensive campaigns of multisite time series photometry. To this end we have undertaken a campaign spanning 2 weeks and involving data from five different sites. 183 h of data were obtained. Frequency analysis yielded at least 11 pulsation periods in seven discrete groups between 94 and 136 s. Three of the periods in one specific group are equally spaced in frequency, with a spacing of 0.94 [1Hz. The frequency spacings amongst the members of other groups are similar to this. A rotation period of -12 d is implied. A general scheme for identifying the observed modes is suggested. The periods from a detailed model are in good overall agreement with the observed periods, but some difficulties remain. Three additional periods in the range 61-63 s, and with very low amplitude, were also found. No convincing interpretation of these could be devised.
Development of a Novel Ignition System Using Repetitive Pulse Discharges: Application to a SI Engine (2009)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A newly developed small-sized IES (inductive energy storage) circuit with semiconductor switch at turn-off action was successfully applied to an ignition system. This IES circuit can generate repetitive nanosecond pulse discharges. An ignition system using repetitive nanosecond pulse discharges was investigated as an alternative to conventional spark ignition systems. Experiments were conducted using spherically expanding flame configuration for CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; and C&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;8&lt;/sub&gt;-air mixtures under various conditions. The ignition system using repetitive nanosecond pulse discharges was found to improve inflammability of lean combustible mixtures, such as extended flammability limits, shorted ignition delay time, with increasing the number of pulses. The authors seek for the mechanisms for improving the inflammability in more detail to optimize ignition system, and verify the effectiveness of IES circuit in EGR condition, for real engine use. Moreover, an application of this ignition system to a SI engine was conducted. As a result, the lean limit was extended from 20 to 23 in A/F at IMEP 440 kPa by replacing the ignition system from a conventional one, and indicated thermal efficiency was improved by 11%.&lt;/div&gt;
Overtaking Maneuvers in Simulated Highway Driving using Deep Reinforcement Learning (2018)

Most methods that attempt to tackle the problem of Autonomous Driving and overtaking usually try to either directly minimize an objective function or iteratively in a Reinforcement Learning like framework to generate motor actions given a set of inputs. We follow a similar trend but train the agent in a way similar to a curriculum learning approach where the agent is first given an easier problem to solve, followed by a harder problem. We use Deep Deterministic Policy Gradients to learn overtaking maneuvers for a car, in presence of multiple other cars, in a simulated highway scenario. The novelty of our approach lies in the training strategy used where we teach the agent to drive in a manner similar to the way humans learn to drive and the fact that our reward function uses only the raw sensor data at the current time step. This method, which resembles a curriculum learning approach is able to learn smooth maneuvers, largely collision free, wherein the agent overtakes all other cars, independent of the track and number of cars in the scene.
34. FRACTIONAL RADIOFREQUENCY MICRONEEDLING: A NOVEL AND NON-INVASIVE TREATMENT FOR FESTOONS (2022)

PURPOSE: Festoons are characterized by laxity of the skin and orbicularis muscle between the medial and lateral canthi. There are numerous surgical and nonsurgical options for the treatment of festoons with varying efficacy. Recently, fractional radiofrequency miconeedling (FRM) has gained popularity as an efficacious treatment option for facial rejuvenation and skin tightening, but has only been described in small case reports for the treatment of festoons. Our study is the largest to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of FRM in the treatment of festoons. METHODS: We performed a retrospective chart review of patients treated with FRM at a single-surgeon private practice from 2010 to 2021. Photographs of festoons pre- and post- treatment were scored individually by four separate physicians. Scoring of festoons was based on previously described classification system. RESULTS: 25 patients and 50 individual festoons were included in this study. 92% (23/25) patients were female. All patients had a history of prior festoon treatment including toxin, filler, or both. 44% (11/25) had prior surgical intervention for festoon treatment including blepharoplasty, facelift, ptosis repair, or liposculpture. The mean (SD) pre- and post-treatment festoon scores were 1.35 (0.95) and 0.46 (0.60) (p < 0.05). The mean time between the most recent FRM treatment and post-treatment follow-up was 70 days. CONCLUSION: Non-invasive cosmetic treatments and technologies have recently gained immense popularity. FRM represents a novel technology with many applications including festoons. This is the largest study to detail the safety and efficacy of FRM in the treatment of festoons.
Asthma treatment must be always tailored to the individual patient. (2003)

Several studies have shown that there are notable benefits in adding a long acting beta 2-agonist to an inhaled corticosteroid. Particularly, long acting beta 2-agonists allow to reduce the amount of steroid that is required to induce a specific response and, consequently, its possible side effects. Currently the pharmaceutical market promotes, and physicians tend in any case to privilege, the use of fixed combinations for the treatment of the asthmatic patient and this also in the first phases of the illness. Nevertheless, for the majority of patients with mild to moderate asthma, it seems more reasonable to optimize the dose of the inhaled steroid before considering the addition of a long-acting beta 2-agonist, and use this latter on an 'as needed' basis if its pharmacodynamic characteristics allow it. Use of combinations is the more reasonable therapeutic choice for patients with a more severe pathological picture, who, despite the optimized dosage of the inhaled glucocorticoid, also require a long acting beta 2-agonist. After having verified the stability of the clinical control, it is possible to continue with the combined therapy provided, however, that this allows the treatment of the patient with the lowest dose of corticosteroid able to prevent, as far as is possible, exacerbations. Asthma exacerbations are less frequent with this therapy, but when they appear it is necessary to be immediately able to increase and, sometimes, also maximize the dosage of corticosteroid without being forced to double, or even triple, the dose of the long acting beta 2-agonist unless there is a real need--and which probably, rather, would induce unwanted side effects.
Deep learning modeling approach for metasurfaces with high degrees of freedom (2020)

Metasurfaces have shown promising potentials in shaping optical wavefronts while remaining compact compared to bulky geometric optics devices. The design of meta-atoms, the fundamental building blocks of metasurfaces, typically relies on trial and error to achieve target electromagnetic responses. This process includes the characterization of an enormous amount of meta-atom designs with varying physical and geometric parameters, which demands huge computational resources. In this paper, a deep learning-based metasurface/meta-atom modeling approach is introduced to significantly reduce the characterization time while maintaining accuracy. Based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) structure, the proposed deep learning network is able to model meta-atoms with nearly freeform 2D patterns and different lattice sizes, material refractive indices and thicknesses. Moreover, the presented approach features the capability of predicting a meta-atom's wide spectrum response in the timescale of milliseconds, attractive for applications necessitating fast on-demand design and optimization of a meta-atom/metasurface.
Assessing recovery after ambulatory anaesthesia, measures of resumption of activities of daily living (2011)

The quality of recovery in a more protracted perspective, resumption of activity of daily living is a measure that needs to be considered in studies of perioperative interventions in ambulatory anaesthesia.
Biot-Pride Electrokinetic Wave Propagation in Porous Rocks (2013)

We designed and developed an experimental setup in which acoustic to electromagnetic (EM) wave conversions at interfaces can be measured. Experimental results are compared with a full-waveform theoretical model based on the Sommerfeld approach. After amplitude scaling, the measured spatial distribution of the electric wave field is in excellent agreement with the theoretical prediction. A strong dependency of the reflected electric signal on the sample thickness was recorded. This dependency is not present in the acoustic signal.
Marrow Stem Cells Shift Gene Expression and Engraftment Phenotype with Cell Cycle Transit (2003)

We studied the genetic and engraftment phenotype of highly purified murine hematopoietic stem cells (lineage negative, rhodamine-low, Hoechst-low) through cytokine-stimulated cell cycle. Cells were cultured in interleukin (IL)-3, IL-6, IL-11, and steel factor for 0 to 48 h and tested for engraftment capacity in a lethally irradiated murine competitive transplant model. Engraftment showed major fluctuations with nadirs at 36 and 48 h of culture and recovery during the next G1. Gene expression of quiescent (0 h) or cycling (48 h) stem cells was compared with lineage positive cells by 3' end PCR differential display analysis. Individual PCR bands were quantified using a 0 to 9 scale and results were visually compared using color-coded matrices. We defined a set of 637 transcripts expressed in stem cells and not expressed in lineage positive cells. Gene expression analyzed at 0 and 48 h showed a major shift from "stem cell genes" being highly expressed at 0 h and turned off at 48 h, while "cell division" genes were turned on at 48 h. These observations suggest stem cell gene expression shifts through cell cycle in relation to cell cycle related alterations of stem cell phenotype. The engraftment defect is related to a major phenotypic change of the stem cell.
Low Temperature Raman Study of the Electron Coherence Length near Graphene Edges (2011)

We developed a novel optical defocusing method for studying spatial coherence of photoexcited electrons and holes near edges of graphene. Our method is applied to measure the localization l(D) of the disorder-induced Raman D band (∼1350 cm(-1)) with a resolution of a few nanometers. Raman scattering experiments performed in a helium bath cryostat reveal that as temperature is decreased from 300 to 1.55 K, the length l(D) increases. We found that the localization of the D band varies as 1/T(1/2), giving strong evidence that l(D) scales with the coherence length of photoexcited electrons near graphene edges.
Diagnosis and Staging of Ovarian Cancer: Comparative Values of Doppler and Conventional US, CT, and MR Imaging Correlated with Surgery and Histopathologic Analysis—Report of the Radiology Diagnostic Oncology Group (1999)

MR imaging is superior to Doppler US and CT in diagnosis of malignant ovarian masses. There is little variation among conventional US, CT, and MR imaging as regards staging.
Sustainable Energy Systems Planning, Integration, and Management (2019)

Energy systems worldwide are undergoing a major transformation as a consequence of the transition towards the widespread use of clean and sustainable energy sources [...]
Molecular Complexes of Some Mono- and Dicarboxylic Acids with trans-1,4-Dithiane-1,4-dioxide (2002)

Crystallization of carboxylic acids with molecules containing complementary hydrogen bonding groups, e.g., 4,4‘-bipyridine, phenazine, and 2-pyridone, is an active pursuit in crystal engineering. We describe in this paper an addition to this family of spacer ligands, trans-1,4-dithiane-1,4-dioxide 4, a molecule that forms complexes with carboxylic acids via O−H···O and C−H···O hydrogen bonds. Analysis of hydrogen bonding in the molecular complexes of 5-nitrosalicylic acid 6, 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid 7, succinic acid 8, and oxalic acid 9 with disulfoxide 4 shows that these crystal structures are stabilized by acid-sulfoxide and sulfoxide-sulfoxide supramolecular synthons XII and XIII. The preference for acid−sulfoxide recognition in crystals is explained through database analysis and energy computation.
FIELD RECONSTRUCTION FROM SINGLE SCALE CONTINUOUS WAVELET COEFFICIENTS (2009)

The redundancy of continuous wavelet transforms implies that the wavelet coefficients are not independent of each other. This interdependence allows the reconstruction or approximation of the wavelet transform, and of the original field, from a subset of the wavelet coefficients. Contrasting with lines of modulus maxima, known to provide useful partition functions and some data compaction, the reconstruction from single-scale coefficients is derived for the Hermitian family of wavelets. The formula is exact in the continuum for d-dimensional fields, and its limitations under discretization are illustrated.
Current status and quantitative results of the AMYPAD prognostic and natural history study (2021)

Abstract Background Understanding the role of amyloid imaging in the earliest stages of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) becomes increasingly relevant for secondary prevention. In this context, the AMYPAD Prognostic and Natural History Study (PNHS) is an open‐label, prospective, multi‐centre cohort study ( http://amypad.eu/ ) to determine the value of quantitative amyloid PET imaging in determining AD dementia risk. The study recruits from several European cohorts and aims at enrolling 2000 non‐demented individuals with a particular focus on those with emerging amyloid pathology. Method As of January 25 th , 2020, AMYPAD PNHS had 17 actively recruiting sites across Europe, and 782 non‐demented participants (&gt;95% cognitively unimpaired) had consented to participate in the study. Of those, 448 are from EPAD LCS, 129 from EMIF‐AD Twin 60++, 111 from FACEHBI, 70 from ALFA+, 17 from FPACK, and 7 from the UCL‐2010‐412 cohort. Of the consented subjects, 334 already had an amyloid PET scan before this study. Within AMYPAD PNHS, 588 subjects have hitherto been scanned with either [ 18 F]flutemetamol or [ 18 F]florbetaben. Of note, 53.6% of the total number of scans have been acquired with a dual‐time window dynamic protocol. The primary outcome measure is the Centiloid value (CL) using the whole cerebellum as reference region, to enable quantitative comparability between the two tracers in the study. Also, images have been visually assessed by local raters. Of the 588 acquired scans, 296 have been quantified with IXICO’s LEAP pipeline and passed Quality Control, thus rendering valid CL values. Subjects were categorized as amyloid‐negative (CL≤12); as in a “gray‐zone” (12&lt;CL≤50) or amyloid‐positive (CL&gt;50) and a Gaussian Mixture Model was used to assess the population’s Centiloid distribution. Result Based on visual assessment, 28% of the fully 296 quantified scans were visually rated as positive and 72% as negative. Quantitatively, 50% of them were categorized as negative, 33% in the gray‐zone, and 17% were positive (Figure 1). Centiloid values ranged from ‐30.3 to 154.2 (Mean±SD: 22.5±32.0 CL) (Figure 2). Conclusion Preliminary quantitative results indicate that PNHS is being successful in recruiting a cohort mostly composed of cognitively unimpaired individuals who are enriched for early amyloid abnormalities, which is the intended target population.