gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Noise effects and fault tolerance in hopfield-type neural networks (1990)

Research interest in neural networks has grown rapidly in recent years. Studies covering many aspects of neural networks, from new models, simulations and theoretical analyses, to implementations and applications, have been reported. Little research, however, has been performed on noise effects and fault tolerance in neural networks. In this dissertation, the focus is on the investigation of Hopfield-type neural networks (HNNs) by both numerical simulations and theoretical analyses. Computer simulations and a linear combination concept are employed to study HNNs from a quantitative point of view. A statistical method and models are then proposed for various situations in analyzing different aspects of HNNs. Contributions of this dissertation include the following: First, a complementary Hopfield model (CHNN) is presented for improving the performance of the original Hopfield model. A generalized three-layered model capable of systematically describing HNNs and their extensions, e.g., higher-order, exponential order, and winner-take-all nets is then proposed. A rigorous analysis of HNNs, using a statistical technique, clearly displays their characteristics. Analyses and comparisons of first-order modifications, higher-order nets, and exponential order nets are also performed. The differences between even- and odd-order nets, as well as auto- and hetero-associative memories are pointed out and discussed. Various models for implementation error and/or noise sources, including detector/thresholding device noise, 2-D matrix mask noise, and gain variation noise, are then proposed and an "excess" noise concept is developed, which then leads to new results on the analysis of implementation noise effects in HNNs. This technique is then extended and successfully applied to the analysis of fault tolerance problems, including synaptic interconnect faults and neuron stuck-at faults, in HNNs.
A simple general binary source code (Corresp.) (1982)

A source code for binary strings, admitting a simple and fast hardware implementation, is described. The code is an arithmetic code, and it is capable of encoding strings modeled by stationary or nonstationary sources alike without use of alphabet extension. In particular, in the case with a stationary independent information source, the code degenerates to a bitwise implementation of Golomb's run-length code.
Insights into Hepatitis C Transmission in Young Persons who Inject Drugs: Results From a Dynamic Modeling Approach Informed by State-Level Public Health Surveillance Data (2017)

Abstract Rising use of heroin and prescription opioids are major contributors to increases in Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) incidence in US young adults since the late 1990s. How best to interrupt transmission and decrease HCV prevalence in young persons who inject drugs (PWID) is uncertain, but modeling studies in older populations support interventions that increase HCV treatment among all PWID. We developed a transmission model of young (aged 15-30 years) PWID, which we fit to state-level US HCV surveillance data, and simulated the potential impact of primary (reducing injection initiation), secondary (increasing cessation, reducing injection partners, or reducing injection drug use relapse), and tertiary (HCV treatment) interventions on incident and prevalent HCV cases. Interventions with primary prevention initiatives (reducing injection initiation) yielded concurrent reductions to HCV incidence and prevalence. Treatment of former PWID led to prevalence reductions but did not reduce incidence. Treatment of current and former PWID without other interventions led to incidence reductions in scenarios with high injection initiation rates, high syringe sharing, and low relapse rates after injection cessation. While these results are specific to Michigan, our approach could be applied in other states conducting HCV surveillance to identify local-level intervention opportunities.
Player and Game Characteristics and Head Impacts in Female Youth Ice Hockey Players (2017)

This study reveals for the first time that head impacts are occurring in female youth ice hockey players, albeit at a lower rate and severity than in male youth ice hockey players, despite the lack of intentional body checking.
Phylogenetic diversity of actinomycetes cultured from coastal multipond solar saltern in Tuticorin, India (2012)

To the best of our knowledge, this study constitutes the first characterization of actinomycete diversity centred on solar salterns located in the eastern coastal region of India. Furthermore, this is the very first report of isolation of Nonomuraea species from solar salterns and also from India. As actinomycetes encompass recurrently foremost sources of biotechnologically important member of the microbial communities, the actinomycetes retrieved from the Indian saltern soil samples laid the platform to search for novel biotechnologically significant bioactive substances.
Voltammetric study of the photolysis of fac-tricarbonyl-? 3-{bis[2-(diphenylphosphino)ethyl]phenylphosphine}molybdenum (1995)

Voltammetric studies at a channel electrode irradiated with monochromatic visible light have been carried out to demonstrate that the photolysis of fac-Mo(CO)3{η3-[(Ph2PCH2CH2)2PPh]} in acetonitrile or dimethylformamide solution leads to the formation of the corresponding mer-isomer. No photofragmentation resulting in the loss of carbon monoxide or phosphine is observed on the voltammetric timescale. Kinetic parameters for the photo-isomerisation are reported.
N-Face GaN/AlGaN HEMTs Fabricated Through Layer Transfer Technology (2009)

We present a new method to fabricate N-face GaN/AlGaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). These devices are extremely promising for ultrahigh frequency applications where low contact resistances and excellent carrier confinement are needed. In this letter, the N-face of a Ga-face AlGaN/GaN epilayer grown on Si (111) is exposed by removing the Si substrate. To provide mechanical support, prior to the substrate removal, the Ga-face of the wafer is bonded to a Si (100) carrier wafer. The resultant N-face GaN/AlGaN heterostructures exhibited record transport properties (mu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">e</sub> = 1670 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /Vmiddots, n <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</sub> = 1.6 times 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">13</sup> / cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , and R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sh</sub> = 240 Omega/sq). These excellent transport properties rendered N-face HEMTs with 30% higher maximum drain current than Ga-face HEMTs and good RF characteristics (f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> = 10.7 GHz middotmum and f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> = 21.5 GHzmiddotmum), comparable to state-of-the-art Ga-face devices.
Dynamics of a lamellar system with diffusion and reaction: Scaling analysis and global kinetics (1989)

The evolution of a one-dimensional array of reactive lamellae with distributed striation thickness is studied by means of simulations, scaling analysis, and space-averaged kinetics. An infinitely fast, diffusion-controlled reaction A+B\ensuremath{\rightarrow}2P occurs at the interfaces between striations. As time increases, thin striations are eaten by thicker neighbors resulting in a modification of the striation thickness distribution (STD). Scaling analysis suggests that the STD evolves into a universal form and that the behavior of the system at short and long times is characterized by two different kinetic regimes. These predictions are confirmed by means of a novel numerical algorithm.
Online franchise capturing using IPv6 through Automated Teller Machines (2013)

This paper aims at realization and implementation of an online voting that could be implemented in Automated Teller Machine (ATM) using IPv6. All ATMs are now currently in a private network of their respective bank servers. If it is possible to transform them into IPv6, they enter into a new domain of public networking. Also there is a possibility of many security related threats when these transformations are successfully deployed in all ATM terminals. A basic solution would be to distribute prior to the configuration of ATM terminals, the digital certificates of both bank and election commission servers. This would almost make impossible for others to intrude and disturb the transaction established by the ATM terminals between the bank or election commission servers. The number of transactions between the election commission server and the ATM terminals that will be required in case of the current scenario of routing all transactions through national financial switch (NFS) would reduce by at least half. Also additional encryption mechanisms established ensure secure state of these transactions. The two phases of transactions, the voter registration and online voting <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">[1]</sup> aims at making entire process of franchise capturing automated.
ChemInform Abstract: Monodesulfurization of Dithioacetals with Phosphorous Reagents. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Evaluation of possible in vitro neurobiological effects of two varieties of Cupressus sempervirens (Mediterranean cypress) through their antioxidant and enzyme inhibition actions (2012)

Objective: The dichloromethane, acetone, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts of the cones and leaves of Cupressus sempervirens var. horizantalis (CSH) and var. pyramidalis (CSP) were investigated for their in vitro neurobiological effects. Methods: The extracts were screened for their inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and tyrosinase (TYRO) enzymes using microtiter plate assays. Antioxidant activity of the extracts was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylendiamine (DMPD) radical scavenging activity, metal-chelation capacity along with ferric- (FRAP) and phosphomolibdenumreducing antioxidant power (PRAP) tests. Total phenol and flavonoid contents of the extracts were calculated spectrophotometrically. Results: The extracts displayed weak to moderate cholinesterase inhibition at 200 µg mL 1 . The cone dichloromethane extract of CSP showed the highest inhibition (36.10±1.45%) against AChE, while the best inhibition (40.01±0.77%) against BChE was caused by the leaf acetone extract of CSH. Conclusion: Antioxidant activity of the extracts was observed to vary according to the method used. This is the first study describing anticholinesterase and antityrosinase effects of the varieties of C. sempervirens.
Examining 3-D Technologies in Laptop Displays (2014)

As 3-D content migrates to the laptop, it is important to understand if customers can perceive quality differences between the 3-D technologies and to know if they feel any discomfort with close-up viewing of 3-D displays. In this study, we compared the quality and viewing comfort of active, passive, and autostereoscopic (glasses-free) 3-D displays. We found that participants were able to discern differences in 3-D quality and comfort on laptop computer displays in realistic viewing conditions within a short period. Although the active and passive displays were comparable, the autostereoscopic display was rated lower in quality and viewing comfort.
Protein nitration in rat lungs during hyperoxia exposure: a possible role of myeloperoxidase (2003)

Several studies have suggested that exposure to hyperoxia causes lung injury through increased generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. The present study was aimed to investigate the effects of hyperoxia exposure on protein nitration in lungs. Rats were exposed to hyperoxia (>95%) for 48, 60, and 72 h. Histopathological analysis showed a dramatic change in the severity of lung injury in terms of edema and hemorrhage between 48- and 60-h exposure times. Western blot for nitrotyrosine showed that several proteins with molecular masses of 29-66 kDa were nitrated in hyperoxic lung tissues. Immunohistochemical analyses indicate nitrotyrosine staining of alveolar epithelial and interstitial regions. Furthermore, immunoprecipitation followed by Western blot revealed the nitration of surfactant protein A and t1alpha, proteins specific for alveolar epithelial type II and type I cells, respectively. The increased myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and total nitrite levels in bronchoalveolar lavage and lung tissue homogenates were observed in hyperoxic lungs. Neutrophils and macrophages isolated from the hyperoxia-exposed rats, when cocultured with a rat lung epithelial L2 cell line, caused a significant protein nitration in L2 cells. Inclusion of nitrite further increased the protein nitration. These studies suggest that protein nitration during hyperoxia may be mediated in part by MPO generated from activated phagocytic cells, and such protein modifications may contribute to hyperoxia-mediated lung injury.
Biosynthesis of gibberellin-related compounds modulates far-red light responses in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha (2023)

ABSTRACT The phytohormone gibberellins (GAs) are key regulators of growth, development and environmental responses in angiosperms. From an evolutionary perspective, all major steps of GA biosynthesis are conserved among vascular plants, while GA biosynthetic intermediates such as ent -kaurenoic acid (KA) are also produced by bryophytes. Here we show that in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha , KA and GA 12 are synthesized by evolutionarily conserved enzymes, which are required for developmental responses to far-red light (FR). Under FR-enriched conditions, mutants of various biosynthesis enzymes consistently altered thallus growth allometry, delayed the initiation of gametogenesis, and affected the morphology of gamete-bearing structures (gametangiophores). By chemical treatments and LC-MS/MS analyses, we confirmed these phenotypes were caused by deficiency of some GA-related compounds derived from KA, but not bioactive GAs from vascular plants. Transcriptome analysis showed that FR enrichment induced the up-regulation of genes related to stress responses and secondary metabolism in M. polymorpha , which was largely dependent on the biosynthesis of GA-related compounds. Due to the lack of the canonical GA receptors in bryophytes, we hypothesize that GA-related compounds are commonly synthesized in land plants but co-opted independently to regulate responses to light quality change in different lineages during the past 450 million years of evolution.
Effects of substrate misorientation on the structural properties of CdTe(111) grown by molecular beam epitaxy on GaAs(100) (1988)

CdTe (111) layers were grown by molecular beam epitaxy on oriented and misoriented GaAs (100) substrates. The layers were characterized by x-ray diffraction and photoluminescence microscopy. The results indicate that the CdTe layers grown on GaAs (100) misoriented 2° towards the [110] direction had peaks with full width at half-maximum up to four times narrower than either of the other orientations tested. Only threading dislocations were visible on this orientation by photoluminescence microscopy. These results indicate that the structural quality of CdTe grown on GaAs can be significantly improved by the use of an appropriately misoriented substrate.
Defect Passivation by Selenium-Ion Implantation for Poly-Si Thin Film Transistors (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Low-dose <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$(\hbox{10}^{13}\ \hbox{cm}^{-2})$</tex></formula> selenium-ion implantation prior to pulsed-excimer-laser crystallization is investigated as a low-thermal-budget defect-passivation technique for polycrystalline silicon TFTs. Selenium defect passivation is found to be effective for improving TFT performance and for providing superior TFT reliability as compared with hydrogenation. </para>
Clinical significance of BRAF non-V600E mutations on the therapeutic effects of anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody treatment in patients with pretreated metastatic colorectal cancer: the Biomarker Research for anti-EGFR monoclonal Antibodies by Comprehensive Cancer genomics (BREAC) study (2017)

Although BRAF<sup>non-V600E</sup> mutations identified were a rare and unestablished molecular subtype, certain BRAF<sup>non-V600E</sup> mutations might contribute to a lesser benefit of anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody treatment.
Reconstruction of a conformally Euclidean metric from local boundary diffraction travel times (2012)

We consider a region $M$ in $\mathbb{R}^n$ with boundary $\partial M$ and a metric $g$ on $M$ conformal to the Euclidean metric. We analyze the inverse problem, originally formulated by Dix, of reconstructing $g$ from boundary measurements associated with the single scattering of seismic waves in this region. In our formulation the measurements determine the shape operator of wavefronts outside of $M$ originating at diffraction points within $M$. We develop an explicit reconstruction procedure which consists of two steps. In the first step we reconstruct the directional curvatures and the metric in what are essentially Riemmanian normal coordinates; in the second step we develop a conversion to Cartesian coordinates. We admit the presence of conjugate points. In dimension $n \geq 3$ both steps involve the solution of a system of ordinary differential equations. In dimension $n=2$ the same is true for the first step, but the second step requires the solution of a Cauchy problem for an elliptic operator which is unstable in general. The first step of the procedure applies for general metrics.
Nickel‐katalysierte Cyclopropanierung mit NMe4OTf und nBuLi (2015)

Abstract Nickel wurde als Katalysator für die Cyclopropanierung von unaktivierten Olefinen durch in situ hergestelltes Lithiomethyltrimethylammoniumtriflat als Methylendonor identifiziert. Eine mechanistische Hypothese wird vorgeschlagen, welche die Entstehung eines reaktiven Nickelcarben beinhaltet, um einige interessante Beobachtungen zu erklären. Zudem beleuchten unsere Resultate einen Bericht von Franzen und Wittig aus dem Jahre 1960, der später wegen Irreproduzierbarkeit zurückgezogen wurde, und liefern eine rationale Basis für eine systematische Entwicklung der Reaktion für präparative Zwecke als Alternative zu Diazomethan oder Simmons‐Smith‐Bedingungen.
Leader Set Selection for Low-Latency Geo-Replicated State Machine (2016)

Modern planetary scale distributed systems largely rely on a State Machine Replication protocol to keep their service reliable, yet it comes with a specific challenge: latency, bounded by the speed of light. In particular, clients of a <i>single-leader</i> protocol, such as Paxos, must communicate with the leader which must in turn communicate with other replicas: inappropriate selection of a leader may result in unnecessary round-trips across the globe. To cope with this limitation, several <i>all-leader</i> and <i>leaderless</i> alternatives have been proposed recently. Unfortunately, none of them fits all circumstances. In this article we argue that the “right” choice of the number of leaders depends on a given replica configuration and the workload. Then we present <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mathsf {Droopy}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mathsf {Dripple}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> , two sister approaches built upon state machine replication protocols. <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mathsf {Droopy}}$</tex-math> </inline-formula> dynamically reconfigures the set of leaders. Whereas, <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mathsf {Dripple}}$</tex-math> </inline-formula> coordinates state partitions wisely, so that each partition can be reconfigured (by <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mathsf {Droopy}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> ) separately. Our experimental evaluation on Amazon EC2 shows that, <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX"> ${\mathsf {Droopy}}$</tex-math> </inline-formula> and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mathsf {Dripple}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> reduce latency under imbalanced or localized workloads, compared to their native protocol. When most requests are non-commutative, our approaches do not affect the performance of their native protocol and both outperform a state-of-the-art leaderless protocol.
Unsteady gaze fixation enhances the severity of MS intention tremor (2008)

In patients with multiple sclerosis with intention tremor, the unsteady gaze fixation on the visual targets is proportional to the magnitude of the preceding saccades, and influences the severity of intention tremor during eye-hand coordinated visuomotor tasks.
Chiral Phosphoric Acid Catalyzed Enantioselective Aza‐Friedel—Crafts Reaction of Indoles. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Optogenetic vision restoration with high resolution (2018)

Abstract The majority of inherited retinal degenerations are due to photoreceptor cell death. In many cases ganglion cells are spared making it possible to stimulate them to restore visual function. Several studies (Bi et al., 2006; Lin et al., 2008; Sengupta et al., 2016; Caporale et al., 2011; Berry et al., 2017) have shown that it is possible to express an optogenetic protein in ganglion cells and make them light sensitive. This is a promising strategy to restore vision since optical targeting may be more precise than electrical stimulation with a retinal prothesis. However the spatial resolution of optogenetically-reactivated retinas has not been measured with fine-grained stimulation patterns. Since the optogenetic protein is also expressed in axons, it is unclear if these neurons will only be sensitive to the stimulation of a small region covering their somas and dendrites, or if they will also respond to any stimulation overlapping with their axon, dramatically impairing spatial resolution. Here we recorded responses of mouse and macaque retinas to random checkerboard patterns following an in vivo optogenetic therapy. We show that optoge-netically activated ganglion cells are each sensitive to a small region of visual space. A simple model based on this small receptive field predicted accurately their responses to complex stimuli. From this model, we simulated how the entire population of light sensitive ganglion cells would respond to letters of different sizes. We then estimated the maximal acuity expected by a patient, assuming it could make an optimal use of the information delivered by this reactivated retina. The obtained acuity is above the limit of legal blindness. This high spatial resolution is a promising result for future clinical studies.