gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Roles for GFRα1 receptors in zebrafish enteric nervous system development (2003)

Components of the zebrafish GDNF receptor complex are expressed very early in the development of enteric nervous system precursors, and are already present as these cells begin to enter the gut and migrate caudally along its length. Both gfra1a and gfra1b as well as ret are expressed at this time, while gfra2 expression, the receptor component that binds the GDNF-related ligand neurturin, is not detected until the precursors have migrated along the gut. Gfra genes are also expressed in regions of the zebrafish brain and peripheral ganglia, expression domains conserved with other species. Enteric neurons are eliminated after injection with antisense morpholino oligonucleotides against ret or against both Gfra1 orthologs, but are not affected by antisense oligonucleotides against gfra2. Blocking GDNF signaling prevents migration of enteric neuron precursors, which remain positioned at the anterior end of the gut. Phenotypes induced by injection of antisense morpholinos against both Gfra orthologs can be rescued by introduction of mRNA for gfra1a or for gfra2, suggesting that GFRalpha1 and GFRalpha2 are functionally equivalent.
Protein tyrosine phosphatase activity enhancement is induced upon Fcɛ receptor activation of mast cells (1994)

Immunological stimulation of rat mucosal type mast cells (line RBL-2H3) by clustering the type I Fc epsilon receptor (Fc epsilon RI) causes a fast and transient tyrosine phosphorylation of several proteins. This implied the involvement of both, protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) and protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPases) in that process. In order to identify the PTPases involved in these very early steps coupling Fc epsilon RI stimulus to cell response, we undertook the purification and characterization of PTPases present in RBL-2H3 cells. In one of the cells' membranal fractions, a PTPase activity was found to be enhanced 2- to 3-fold upon cell stimulation by Fc epsilon RI clustering. Characterization of this activity implies its involvement in control of the Fc epsilon RI signalling cascade.
A Generalized Solution to Infiltration (1985)

Abstract A generalized solution to the moisture flow (Richards') equation is developed for infiltration. The equation is expressed in terms of dimensionless time, depth, and water content. The reduced form applies for the hydraulic functions of van Genuchten or of Brooks and Corey as well as to other scaled forms and the solution utilizes the procedure of Philip. Answers are presented in concise tables which, in principle, allow for finding moisture profiles, wetting front, intake rate and cumulative intake for a variety of soils and for varying initial water contents. For application, specifically measured hydraulic conductivities can be best‐fitted to the forms used here or generalized empirical values can be used from the literature. Thus, either specific or generic parameters may be used, depending on availability for a given problem.
Study on the influencing factors for patient satisfaction at tertiary hospitals in China (2019)

Objective
To study patient satisfaction at tertiary hospitals in China, and explore the influence of such factors as sociodemographic and institutional characteristics on the their satisfaction.


Methods
Based on the third round third party evaluation of China Healthcare Improvement Initiative(the Initiative), a patient satisfaction survey was made from December 2017 to January 2018 at 136 public tertiary hospitals across the country.Chi-square test and binary multivariate logistic regression methods were used to identify influencing factors for patient satisfaction.


Results
Patient satisfaction varies significantly among hospitals of different types, regions and institution affiliations.Satisfaction of outpatients at their local hospitals was 1.395 times higher than those hospitals under the National Health Commission, and that of inpatients at the central regions was 1.352 times higher than those of the eastern region.Gender, department, education level, medical insurance, patient source and registration method were significant influencing factors for overall satisfaction of outpatients(P<0.05); Region, department and occupation were significant influencing factors of overall satisfaction of inpatients(P<0.05).


Conclusions
The allocation of medical resources should consider hospital type and region.The affordability of medical expenses and fairness of medical insurance system deserve more attention.The satisfaction of women and children patients should be improved by providing high-quality and humane medical and nursing care.


Key words: 
Patient satisfaction; Outpatients; Inpatients; Influencing factors; Third party evaluation
Properties of (Ga, Mn)N With and Without Detectable Second Phases (2004)

(Ga, Mn)N layers were grown by radio-frequency plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy with Mn concentrations of ∼5 or 50 atom %. In the material doped with 5 atom % Mn, the growth conditions were adjusted to produce second phases in one case, detectable by X-ray diffraction. Under our conditions, the dominant second phases are -related and not All three types of material (single-phase or GaMn second phases at different concentrations) exhibit 300 K hysteresis in magnetic moment vs. field (M-H) plots, but the temperature dependence of the field-cooled (FC) and zero-field cooled (ZFC) magnetization is quite different in each case. A clear difference in FC-ZFC magnetization at 300 K in the single-phase material is observed. © 2003 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Studies of the control of luminescence in Beneckea harveyi: properties of the NADH and NADPH:FMN oxidoreductases (1978)

Highly purified NADH and NADPH:FMN oxidoreductases from Beneckea harveyi have been characterized with regard to kinetic parameters, association with luciferase, activity with artificial electron acceptors, and the effects of inhibitors. The NADH:FMN oxidoreductase exhibits single displacement kinetics while the NADPH:FMN oxidoreductase exhibits double displacement or ping-pong kinetics. This is consistent with the formation of a reduced enzyme as an intermediate in the reaction of catalyzed by the NADPH:FMN oxidoreductase. Coupling of either of the oxidoreductases to the luciferase reaction decreases the apparent Kms for NADH, NADPH, and FMN, supporting the suggestion of a complex between the oxidoreductases and luciferase. The soluble oxidoreductases are more efficient in producing light with luciferase than is a NADH dehydrogenase preparation obtained from the membranes of these bacteria. The soluble enzymes use either FMN or FAD as substrates for the oxidation of reduced pyridine nucleotides while the membrane NADH dehydrogenase is much more active with artificial electron acceptors such as ferricyanide and methylene blue. FMN and FAD are very poor acceptors. The evidence indicates that neither of the soluble oxidoreductases is derived from the membranes. Both enzymes are constitutive and do not depend on the synthesis of luciferase.
Lead Exposure and Associated Risk Factors among New Migrant Children Arriving in Greece (2018)

<i>Background:</i> This study aims to assess lead exposure and associated risk factors among newly arrived migrant (M) (immigrant and refugees) children in Greece and a matched control of native (N) children. <i>Methods:</i> A prospective, cross-sectional study was performed in an outpatient clinic of a tertiary children&rsquo;s hospital. <i>Results:</i> From 2010 to 2014, 598 children (M/N: 349/249) with a mean age of 6.96 years old (range 1⁻14, SD 3.76) were enrolled. Blood lead levels (BLLs) ranged from 0.7 to 21 &mu;g/dL in migrant and from 0.4 to 10 &mu;g/dL in native Greek children. Elevated BLLs &ge; 5 &mu;g/dL were detected in 27.7% of migrants and 1.2% of natives (<i>p</i> < 0.001). A significant association was found between EBLLs and childrens&rsquo; age (&le;5 years) (OR: 1.8, <i>p</i>-value 0.02) and EBLLs with Asian origin (OR: 3.63, <i>p</i>-value 0.023). <i>Conclusion:</i> New migrant children presented with increased BLLs when compared to their age- and sex-matched controls. Younger age and Asian origin were significant risk factors associated with elevated BLLs among children. Early screening, secondary prevention, and regular follow-up could prove useful in this vulnerable population.
Vitamin D Deficiency: A Common Occurrence in Both High-and Low-energy Fractures (2008)

As a consequence of newly elevated standards for normal vitamin D levels, there is a renewed interest in vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency (<32 and <20 ng/ml, respectively) in the orthopedic patient population. This study tests the hypothesis that vitamin D insufficiency is comparably prevalent among both high- and low-energy fracture patients. A retrospective analysis of the medical records for 44 orthopedic trauma in-patients with non-vertebral fractures was conducted from June 1, 2006 to February 1, 2007. The obtained data included a 25-hydroxyvitamin D level, age, gender, and reason for admission; high-energy vs. low-energy fracture. Vitamin D insufficiency, 25(OH)D <32 ng/ml, was found in 59.1% of the patients. Significantly, more women (75%) than men (40%) were vitamin D insufficient among all fracture patients and specifically among high-energy fractures, 80% women insufficient vs. 25% men insufficient. In women, both high- and low-energy fractures present with vitamin D insufficiency (80% of high-energy fractures and 71.4% of low-energy fractures). In men, the mean vitamin D level was lower for low-energy fractures (16 ng/ml) compared to high-energy fractures (32 ng/ml). In addition, men with low-energy fractures were significantly older than men with high-energy fractures and women with low-energy fractures were also older. Statistically, more vitamin D insufficiency is seen in women and our results are consistent with the gender difference seen in the general population. Even among younger men who sustain a high-energy fracture, 25% are vitamin D insufficient. Women with fractures regardless of age or fracture energy level have low vitamin D levels. Levels of 25(OH)D should be measured in all orthopedic trauma patients and the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research and National Osteoporosis Foundation currently recommend that vitamin D levels should be corrected.
Multiple Emulsions: An Overview (2006)

Multiple emulsions are complex polydispersed systems where both oil in water and water in oil emulsion exists simultaneously which are stabilized by lipophillic and hydrophilic surfactants respectively. The ratio of these surfactants is important in achieving stable multiple emulsions. Among water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) and oil-in-water-in-oil (o/w/o) type multiple emulsions, the former has wider areas of application and hence are studied in great detail. Formulation, preparation techniques and in vitro characterization methods for multiple emulsions are reviewed. Various factors affecting the stability of multiple emulsions and the stabilization approaches with specific reference to w/o/w type multiple emulsions are discussed in detail. Favorable drug release mechanisms and/or rate along with in vivo fate of multiple emulsions make them a versatile carrier. It finds wide range of applications in controlled or sustained drug delivery, targeted delivery, taste masking, bioavailability enhancement, enzyme immobilization, etc. Multiple emulsions have also been employed as intermediate step in the microencapsulation process and are the systems of increasing interest for the oral delivery of hydrophilic drugs, which are unstable in gastrointestinal tract like proteins and peptides. With the advancement in techniques for preparation, stabilization and rheological characterization of multiple emulsions, it will be able to provide a novel carrier system for drugs, cosmetics and pharmaceutical agents. In this review, emphasis is laid down on formulation, stabilization techniques and potential applications of multiple emulsion system.
Hypocholesterolemic and antiaggregatory properties of 2-hydroxytetronic acid redox analogs and their relationship to clofibric acid (1982)

A rationale is presented for investigating aci-reductone 2-hydroxytetronic acids as antilipidemic drugs. These compounds are lipophilic Brönsted acids capable of forming water-soluble anions having biologically relevant redox potentials. The inhibitory effects of 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-hydroxytetronic acid (2a) on human platelet aggregation and [14C]serotonin secretion were compared with clofibric acid (1b), the hydrolysis product of clofibrate (1a). In cholesterol-fed rats, this analogue was superior to clofibrate as a hypocholesterolemic drug and modifier of heparin-MnCl2 precipitated lipoprotein cholesterol to alpha-lipoprotein cholesterol ratios. Whereas clofibrate (1a) produced hepatomegaly, this effect was not observed for the tetronic acid 2a.
Identification of a novel role for autotaxin in microglial cells submitted to oxidative stress (2011)

International audience
Frontispiece: Gold(III) Complexes for Antitumor Applications: An Overview (2018)

Starting from cisplatin, the isoelectronic gold(III) complexes have been investigated for their potential anticancer properties. In recent years tremendous progress has been made into the design of stable gold(III) complexes, enabling the study of their mechanism of action including interactions with potential biological targets and intracellular uptake and localization. This revealed that gold complexes interact with cellular targets very differently from platinum, via inhibition of enzymes rather than interaction with DNA. Moreover, the development of stable gold(III) scaffolds opened the way to the synthesis of bioconjugates for the vectorization and selective delivery of gold(III)-based antiproliferative agents. For more details, see the Review by B. Bertrand, M. R. M. Williams, and M. Bochmann on page 11840 ff.
Triethanolamine-Mediated Covalent Adaptable Epoxy Network: Excellent Mechanical Properties, Fast Repairing, and Easy Recycling (2020)

Early epoxy vitrimers in the literature rely on an inequivalent epoxy/anhydride stoichiometry and a large amount of catalyst to achieve a decent transesterification rate within the crosslinked network. This design approach raises a number of concerns such as poor miscibility of the catalyst with other ingredients, poor mechanical properties owing to insufficient crosslinking, the toxicity of the catalyst, etc. In this study, a hydroxyl-amine compound, triethanolamine (TEOA), is incorporated as a catalytic co-curing agent to a typical BPA epoxy–cyclic anhydride curing system to give a TEOA-mediated covalent adaptable network system. The hydroxyl groups and tertiary amine of TEOA catalyze the curing process, and the tertiary amine and the regenerated hydroxyls in the crosslinked network accelerate dynamic transesterification. The resulting epoxy vitrimer exhibits a high glass transition temperature (∼135 °C), excellent tensile strength (∼94 MPa), and fast repairing rate (10 min at 190 °C). Recycling of the TEOA-mediated epoxy vitrimer and reuse of the recyclate are also studied. In an experiment, the vitrimer is ground into powder, and in another, it is degraded in an aqueous solution. The recyclates collected from both experiments are incorporated into the fresh resin, and the new vitrimer materials exhibited similar Tgs and moduli to that of original vitrimer samples. This work provides a solution to eliminate the performance gap between conventional epoxy and epoxy vitrimer and offers simple recycling methods of epoxy vitrimer for new epoxy.
Shaping Technique of an Active Patch Antenna for Harmonic Radiation Control (2006)

A shaping technique for the radiator of an active patch antenna is described, and shown experimentally to reduce harmonic radiation and therefore enhances the conversion efficiency. The perturbation of resonant mode frequencies in a deformed rectangular patch radiator is discussed as a possible basis for systematic design. Various techniques of plotting results were employed for maximum understanding
A new design method for completely open architecture permanent magnet for MRI (2005)

A completely open magnet geometry satisfies the requirement of a MRI system for the surgical procedure. This paper presents a new flexible design method to facilitate the construction of a completely open MRI magnet by combining the magnetic dipole pair model and optimization algorithm. A numerical implementation shows that the method provides a main magnetic field with sufficient homogeneity and strength at the imaging region, which is defined outside of the magnet structure, and minimizes the cost of the MRI equipment.
Cloud in cloud (2010)

Facilitated by the development of virtual machine (VM) technology, distributed computing and high-speed internet, cloud computing has been gradually adopted in industry and in education to deliver on-demand services and applications remotely. In this paper, a cloud-in-cloud model, useful for technical training and research, is discussed.
Lipid Peroxidation and Cherniluminescence during Naproxen Metabolism in Rat Liver Microsomes (1994)

1. Rat liver microsomal suspension containing NADPH and MgCl2 was incubated at 37 degrees C with naproxen, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBA-RS), high molecular weight protein aggregates and fluorescent substances were formed in the microsomal suspension. 2. Chemiluminescence was produced from the microsomal suspension. This chemiluminescence production was well correlated to the TBA-RS formation, indicating that the chemiluminescence production was closely associated with the lipid peroxidation. 3. The addition of SKF-525A to the microsomal suspension inhibited the production of TBA-RS, chemiluminescence and 6-demethylnaproxen (6-DMN), the oxidative product of naproxen. Further, the antioxidant, alpha-tocopherol and singlet oxygen quenchers like histidine, dimethylfuran and 1,4-diazabicyclo[2,2,2]octane strikingly inhibited the productions of chemiluminescence and TBA-RS. 4. Neither naproxen nor 6-DMN caused lipid peroxidation in the absence of NADPH. Thus, lipid peroxidation and chemiluminescence during the oxidation of naproxen in liver microsomes was suggested to be provoked by reactive oxygen species and an origin of chemiluminescence was shown to be singlet oxygen.
Epitope specific T‐cell responses against influenza A in a healthy population (2015)

Pre-existing human CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell-mediated immunity may be a useful correlate of protection against severe influenza disease. Identification and evaluation of common epitopes recognized by T cells with broad cross-reactivity is therefore important to guide universal influenza vaccine development, and to monitor immunological preparedness against pandemics. We have retrieved an optimal combination of MHC class I and class II restricted epitopes from the Immune Epitope Database (www.iedb.org), by defining a fitness score function depending on prevalence, sequence conservancy and HLA super-type coverage. Optimized libraries of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell epitopes were selected from influenza antigens commonly present in seasonal and pandemic influenza strains from 1934 to 2009. These epitope pools were used to characterize human T-cell responses in healthy donors using interferon-γ ELISPOT assays. Upon stimulation, significant CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell responses were induced, primarily recognizing epitopes from the conserved viral core proteins. Furthermore, the CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells were phenotypically characterized regarding functionality, cytotoxic potential and memory phenotype using flow cytometry. Optimized sets of T-cell peptide epitopes may be a useful tool to monitor the efficacy of clinical trials, the immune status of a population to predict immunological preparedness against pandemics, as well as being candidates for universal influenza vaccines.
Neoalloionema tricaudatum gen. n., sp. n. (Nematoda: Alloionematidae) associated with a cyclophorid snail in Cuc Phuong Natural Park, Vietnam (2015)

A new nematode genus and species associated with terrestrial gastropods from Vietnam is described and illustrated. Partial SSU and ITS rDNA sequences were obtained and subjected to phylogenetic analysis. Both morphologically and molecularly, Neoalloionema tricaudatum gen. n., sp. n. is closest to Alloionema appendiculatum , another gastropod associate. It is differentiated from A. appendiculatum by the presence of an outstretched vs reflexed testis and the absence of denticles in the stoma, by the parasitic juveniles inhabiting the pallial cavity vs the foot of the host and having six vs two lips and large sucker-like phasmids vs pore-like. The most peculiar feature of N. tricaudatum gen. n., sp. n. is the presence of paired, solid appendages located at the mid-tail region of juveniles from the pallial cavity of the host. The nature of the association between N. tricaudatum gen. n., sp. n. and its gastropod host is discussed.
New polymeric materials for paper and textile conservation. I. Synthesis and characterization of acrylic copolymers (2005)

Abstract In the preservation of cultural heritage items, the use of polymeric materials for the consolidation and protection of artifacts with historical and artistic value is widely accepted. This area is vast and includes studies of various objects made of different materials such as wood, stone, textiles, and paper. The aim of this article is to establish the most suitable copolymer for cellulose‐based‐material restoration according to its properties, as evaluated by several techniques such as 1 H‐NMR spectroscopy, size exclusion chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, and dynamic mechanical analysis. In addition to the mechanical property evaluation, an investigation of fungal deterioration has been carried out. Because, in the literature, no complete study concerning the characterization of ethyl acrylate/methyl methacrylate and butyl acrylate/methyl methacrylate copolymers is available, a detailed and full investigation of these polymers is required before the best copolymer is selected for grafting polymerization onto cellulose. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 1157–1164, 2005
Assessment of Salivary Gland Dysfunction after Radioiodine Therapy for Thyroid Carcinoma Using Non-Contrast-Enhanced CT: The Significance of Changes in Volume and Attenuation of the Glands (2012)

The reduction in volume of the parotid and submandibular glands and the increase in attenuation of the parotid gland on nonenhanced CT can be indicators of the grade of RIT-induced salivary dysfunction.