gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Typical Letters > Reversed Letters in Children. (2015)

&lt;p&gt;In children, there was greater activation for typical than reversed letters in left inferior parietal lobule, left superior temporal gyrus, and early visual regions. Adults had no activation for this contrast.&lt;/p&gt;
Hepatitis C and initiates into injecting drug use among young people [Series of two parts]: Part 1: The first shot. Part 2: Educating young initiates about hepatitis C prevention (2000)

Hepatitis C is one of the most significant public health issues in Australia. Concerning rates of hepatitis C infection among young people are related to injecting drug use. To inform the development of appropriate and timely hepatitis C prevention strategies specifically targeting young people new to injecting, QuIVAA, a community-based organisation in Brisbane, undertook a research project exploring how young people first come to inject drugs, and how they learn about hepatitis Cand sterile injecting drug use. Part I reports some of the findings of the research and highlights the urgent need to develop specific hepatitis C education activities that take into account the social context of drug use.
National Cancer Institute pediatric preclinical testing program: Model description for in vitro cytotoxicity testing (2010)

This robust in vitro cytotoxicity testing system for pediatric cancers will enable comparisons to response data for novel agents obtained from xenograft studies and from clinical trials.
On efficient X-handling using a selective compaction scheme to achieve high test response compaction ratios (2005)

We propose an enhanced selective compaction scheme, which integrates three techniques, called selectively filled tests, selective chains masking and selective chains observation, to reduce the impact of unknown values on the test response compaction ratio. Experimental results on several industrial designs demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme in achieving a very high test response compaction ratio without compromising the test quality.
Characteristics of sophorolipid as an antimicrobial agent (2002)

Sophorolipid, a biosurfactant produced from Candida bombicola ATCC 22214, showed antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus xylosus, Streptococcus mutans, and Propionibacterium acne at 4, 1, 1, 0.5 ppm, respectively. Also, 100 ppm of sophorolipid inhibited 50% of cell growth of plant pathogenic fungus, Botrytis cineria. However, sophorolipid showed no effect on Escherichia coli, indicating that its selective antimicrobial activity depended on the cell wall structure. Treatment of B. subtilis with sophorolipid increased leakage of intracellular enzyme, malate dehydrogenase, indicating a possible interaction of sophorolipid with a cellular membrane. Comparing lactone-type and acid-type sophorolipids, the former showed a higher antimicrobial activity. Supplementing other surfactants showed no significant effects on the antimicrobial activity. Animal study showed that 5 g of sophorolipid per kg body weight by oral administration caused no toxicity, and sophorolipid induced no irritation on the skin. These results show potential use of sophorolipid as an active ingredient in healthcare products.
True-Randomness and Pseudo-Randomness in Ring Oscillator-Based True Random Number Generators (2010)

The paper deals with true random number generators employing oscillator rings, namely, with the one proposed by Sunar et al. in 2007 and enhanced by Wold and Tan in 2009. Our mathematical analysis shows that both architectures behave identically when composed of the same number of rings and ideal logic components. However, the reduction of the number of rings, as proposed by Wold and Tan, would inevitably cause the loss of entropy. Unfortunately, this entropy insufficiency is masked by the pseudo-randomness caused by XOR-ing clock signals having different frequencies. Our simulation model shows that the generator, using more than 18 ideal jitter-free rings having slightly different frequencies and producing only pseudo-randomness, will let the statistical tests pass. We conclude that a smaller number of rings reduce the security if the entropy reduction is not taken into account in post-processing. Moreover, the designer cannot avoid that some of rings will have the same frequency, which will cause another loss of entropy. In order to confirm this, we show how the attacker can reach a state where over 25% of the rings are locked and thus completely dependent. This effect can have disastrous consequences on the system security.
Oral calcium carbonate as phosphate-binder in infants and children with chronic renal failure. (1986)

In view of the known toxicity of aluminum, we studied the effects of CaCO3 as an alternative phosphate binder in 12 chronic renal failure (CRF) children during 152 patient-months. Mean (+/- SD) serum creatinine concentration rose during that period from 3.7 +/- 1.8 to 5.1 +/- 3.0 mg/dl. 8 patients received CaCO3 from the start, and 4 were switched from A1(OH)3 after 2 months of interruption. In addition to CaCO3 (0.1-0.3 mg/kg BW) all patients received NaHCO3, and all but two received 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 [1 alpha(OH)D3] or dihydrotachysterol (DHT). Urine and blood variables were checked every 4-6 weeks and medication dosages were adjusted accordingly, aiming to keep serum Ca at 10.4-10.8 mg/dl, serum Pi at 3.5-5.5 mg/dl, and serum HCO-3 above 18 mEq/l. Bone X-rays were obtained every 6-9 months. With treatment, mean serum Ca increased from 8.9 +/- 0.7 to 10.3 +/- 0.4 mg/dl (p less than 0.01), serum Pi decreased from 6.3 +/- 0.9 to 4.2 +/- 0.5 mg/dl (p less than 0.01), and the mean Ca X P product decreased slightly and insignificantly. Mean serum alkaline phosphatase levels decreased significantly from 486 +/- 251 to 168 +/- 28 IU (p less than 0.01). Bone X-rays at the end of the study showed either healing of renal osteodystrophy or its prevention. Only one episode of mild hypercalcemia (serum Ca 11.7 mg/dl) was observed in 1 patient, but his Ca X P product remained low.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Mass spectrometric determination of gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) in human urine for doping control purposes by means of LC–ESI‐MS/MS (2008)

Abstract The decapeptide gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) is endogenously produced in the hypothalamus and secreted into the microcirculation between hypothalamus and pituitary gland. Here, the bioactive hormone is responsible for the release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) into the systemic circulation. Because an intermittent application of exogenous GnRH in young males increases the testosterone plasma level by stimulation of the Leydig cells, the potential misuse of the administered substance offers a reasonable relevancy for doping controls and is prohibited in accordance to the list of banned substances of the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA). The presented method provides a mass spectrometric approach to determine the nondegraded hormone in regular doping control samples by utilizing a sample preparation procedure with solid phase extraction, immunoaffinity purification and a subsequent separation by liquid chromatography with ESI‐MS/MS detection. For liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry two alternative instrumental equipments were tested: the first consisted of an Agilent 1100 liquid chromatograph coupled to an Applied Biosystem Q Trap 4000 mass spectrometer, the second equipment was assembled by a Waters Aquity nano‐UPLC coupled to a Thermo LTQ Orbitrap high resolution/high accuracy mass spectrometer. In urine specimens provided from healthy volunteers GnRH was not detected in accordance to the recent literature, but in postadministration samples urinary concentrations between 20 to 100 pg/ml of the intact peptide were determined. The method offered good validation results considering the parameter specificity, linearity (5–300 pg/ml), limit of detection (LOD, approx. 5 pg/ml), precision (inter/intraday, &lt; 20%) and accuracy (105%) using Des‐pGlu 1 ‐GnRH as internal standard to control each sample preparation step. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Can shear stress direct stem cell fate? (2009)

Mechanical forces are important signals in the development and function of the heart and lung, growth of skin and muscle, and maintenance of cartilage and bone. The specific mechanical force "shear stress" has been implicated as playing a critical role in the physiological responses of blood vessels through endothelial cell signaling. More recently, studies have shown that shear stress can induce differentiation of stem cells toward both endothelial and bone-producing cell phenotypes. This review will highlight current data supporting the role of shear stress in stem cell fate and will propose potential mechanisms and signaling cascades for transducing shear stress into a biological signal.
HYBRIDOMAS AND MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES: APPLICATIONS IN ONCOLOGY (1982)

The fusion of individual lymphocyte and myeloma cells to produce a hybridoma has led to the production of monoclonal antibodies. These highly specific reagents are now being used to define tumour associated antigens – important for the diagnosis, localization and treatment of cancer.
Contemporary orthodontic bonding adhesives - An in vitro Study (2011)

Conventional composites with Bis-GMA have remained largely unchanged since it was introduced by Bowen. In order to overcome the limitations associated with traditional composites, new genre of materials with unique internal structures like ORMOCERS (Organically Modified Ceramics- Admira™) and Polymer Nano-Composites (Grandio) were introduced. Aim-To compare the Shear Bond Strength (S.B.S.) and Adhesive Remnant Index(A.R.I.) of Admira and Grandio with Transbond XT with a view to evaluate the potential of Admira and Grandio as viable adhesives for bonding orthodontic attachments. 45 human premolars obtained from therapeutic extraction were used in the study. Admira, Grandio and Transbond XT were evaluated for S. B.S. and A.R.I. at 0.5 mm/min. cross head speed of the universal testing machine. Student't' test and ANOVA were used to analyze the data. Transbond XT had a shear bond strength of 8.50 ± 5.22 Mpa, while that of Admira was 5.59 ± 1.91 MPa, which was the lowest amongst the three adhesives tested and Grandio had a S.B.S. of 8.13±4.35 MPa. Though Transbond XT is considered the Gold Standard and an ideal light cured material for direct bonding of orthodontic attachments to teeth, Grandio, a nano-filled composite could be considered a valid alternative. However, Admira would require further research.
Current needs for human and medical genomics research infrastructure in low and middle income countries (2016)

Genomics has facilitated the identification of a large number of genetic variants that are causal and/or risk factors for both rare and common human diseases. Low and middle income countries (LMIC) represent a large proportion of the human population, with distinct health priorities for the developed world. There have been some initiatives in LMIC focused on medical genomics research. We review successful examples of existing genomics centres in LMIC and suggest some recommendations to develop the research infrastructure that is needed in LMIC. There is an urgent need to improve local infrastructures of many LMIC to carry out medical genomics research.
An evaluation of two rapid methods of assessing the thermal resistivity of soil (1956)

The paper evaluates two methods recently proposed for the rapid assessment of the thermal resistivity of soil in situ, with special application to the assessment of cable ratings.Brief consideration is given to the factors determining the thermal resistivity of the soil, i.e. its composition, compactness and moisture content, and then to the present standard method of measurement by buried spherical or cylindrical heater.The basis of the so-called transient-needle method is then set out. Theory, errors due to departure from ideal conditions and practical application are considered.A method based on soil sampling is next discussed. After critical considerations of the underlying theoretical and practical work by Gemant, Kersten and Mickley in the United States, a nomogram is introduced by means of which the thermal resistivity of sand-clay mixtures of known physical characteristics may be simply determined. The practical application of the two rapid methods to field measurements is described, and results obtained by the various methods are compared.Finally, the new methods are discussed and compared with that using the static buried heater.
Crosstalk evaluation between ultra high speed multi-layer compatible PCB dielectric waveguides and reduction using split ring resonators (2016)

In this paper, the crosstalk between closely spaced ultra-high speed dielectric waveguides is evaluated. The waveguides are operated at frequencies up to 100GHz, while being integrable in commercially available multi-layered printed circuit boards. The cores of the dielectric waveguides have Megtron6-like material properties while the cladding uses Teflon-like material properties. The crosstalk between the waveguides is evaluated for a variety of waveguide dimensions and spacings between waveguides. A novel technique using split ring resonators to reduce crosstalk between waveguides is introduced. The resonators are placed between the waveguides in order to absorb wave leakage which causes crosstalk, resulting in crosstalk reduction.
Cathepsin‐B Induced Controlled Release from Peptide‐Capped Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles (2014)

New capped silica mesoporous nanoparticles for intracellular controlled cargo release within cathepsin B expressing cells are described. Nanometric mesoporous MCM-41 supports loaded with safranin O (S1-P) or doxorubicin (S2-P) containing a molecular gate based on a cathepsin B target peptidic sequence were synthesized. Solids were designed to show "zero delivery" and to display cargo release in the presence of cathepsin B enzyme, which selectively hydrolyzed in vitro the capping peptide sequence. Controlled delivery in HeLa, MEFs WT, and MEFs lacking cathepsin B cell lines were also tested. Release of safranin O and doxorubicin in these cells took place when cathepsin B was active or present. Cells treated with S2-P showed a fall in cell viability due to nanoparticles internalization, cathepsin B hydrolysis of the capping peptide, and cytotoxic agent delivery, proving the possible use of these nanodevices as new therapeutic tools for cancer treatment.
Plasmodium falciparum Sir2: an Unusual Sirtuin with Dual Histone Deacetylase and ADP-Ribosyltransferase Activity (2007)

In the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, a member of the sirtuin family has been implicated in the epigenetic regulation of virulence genes that are vital to malaria pathogenesis and persistence. This eukaryotic sirtuin, PfSir2, is divergent in sequence from those characterized thus far and belongs to the phylogenetic class that contains primarily eubacterial and archaeal sirtuins. PfSir2 cofractionates with histones in blood-stage parasites, and the recombinant enzyme efficiently deacetylates the N-terminal tails of histones H3 and H4. In addition, PfSir2 can ADP-ribosylate both histones and itself, an activity that is minimal or absent in most sirtuins with significant deacetylase activity. Strikingly, the deacetylase activity of PfSir2 is dependent on its ADP-ribosylation. Finally, although PfSir2 is not affected by established sirtuin inhibitors, it can be completely inhibited by nicotinamide, a natural product of the sirtuin reaction. This study shows that PfSir2 has the appropriate characteristics to be a direct regulator of chromatin structure in P. falciparum. It also raises the significant possibility that both ADP-ribosylation and deacetylation of histones could be sirtuin-regulated modulators of chromatin structure in this species.
Graphene/Polyaniline Nanofiber Composites as Supercapacitor Electrodes (2010)

Chemically modified graphene and polyaniline (PANI) nanofiber composites were prepared by in situ polymerization of aniline monomer in the presence of graphene oxide under acid conditions. The obtained graphene oxide/PANI composites with different mass ratios were reduced to graphene using hydrazine followed by reoxidation and reprotonation of the reduced PANI to give the graphene/PANI nanocomposites. The morphology, composition, and electronic structure of the composites together with pure polyaniline fibers (PANI-F), graphene oxide (GO), and graphene (GR) were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), solid-state 13C NMR, FT-IR, scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It was found that the chemically modified graphene and the PANI nanofibers formed a uniform nanocomposite with the PANI fibers absorbed on the graphene surface and/or filled between the graphene sheets. Such uniform structure together with the observed high conductivities afforded high specific capacitance and good cycling stability during the charge−discharge process when used as supercapacitor electrodes. A specific capacitance of as high as 480 F/g at a current density of 0.1 A/g was achieved over a PANI-doped graphene composite. The research data revealed that high specific capacitance and good cycling stability can be achieved either by doping chemically modified graphenes with PANI or by doping the bulky PANIs with graphene/graphene oxide.
Effectiveness of Disease Management Programs in Depression: A Systematic Review (2003)

Disease management appears to improve the detection and care of patients with depression. Further research is needed to assess the cost-effectiveness of disease management in depression, and consideration should be given to more widespread implementation of these programs.
Research report Tryptophan hydroxylase 1 gene (TPH1) moderates the influence of social support on depressive symptoms in adults (2007)

Background: Tryptophan hydroxylases (TPHs) are involved in the biosynthesis of serotonin and are therefore candidate genes for psychiatric disorders, including depression. We examined whether the common 218 A N C and 779 A N C polymorphisms in the tryptophan hydroxylase 1 gene (TPH1) moderated the association between perceived social support and sub-clinical depressive symptoms in adults. Methods: The subjects were a randomly selected subsample (n=341) of individuals participating in the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns study, who had data on social support on one assessment time and depressive symptoms on two assessment times. Social support was assessed on the Perceived Social Support Scale Revised (PSSS-R) and depressive symptoms on a modified version of the Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI). Results: We found that low social support predicted depressive symptoms more strongly in individuals carrying A alleles of the TPH1 than in others. The interaction effect was observed in a cross-sectional analysis and when predicting depressive symptoms over a four-year period. Limitations: We did not have data on TPH2, which has recently been identified as the primary TPH isomorphism affecting serotonin synthesis in the brain. Conclusions: TPH1 gene may be involved in the development of depressive symptoms by moderating the impact of depressogenic social influences.
Identification and molecular docking study of fish roe-derived peptides as potent BACE 1, AChE, and BChE inhibitors (2020)

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and beta-secretase 1 (BACE 1) play vital roles in the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The objective of the present study was to identify fish roe-derived anti-AD peptides with activities against AChE, BChE, and BACE 1. Fish roe proteins were cleaved in silico by gastrointestinal proteases, and the released peptides were collected. Subsequently, the toxicity, solubility, and biological properties of these novel di- and tri-peptides were predicted and validated. Finally, potential anti-AD peptides were docked to targets, i.e., AChE, BChE, and BACE 1. A novel anti-AD tripeptide WIR with potent inhibition of AChE and BACE 1 was identified, with IC<sub>50</sub> values of 43.32 ± 1.22 μM and 2.27 ± 0.35 mM, respectively. In addition, the inhibition rate of WIR (at a concentration of 1.06 ± 0.87 μM) against BChE was 33.5%, and the peptide WIR was able to simultaneously interact with AChE, BChE, and BACE 1. Residues Ser286 of AChE, Asp70 of BChE, and Thr231, Arg235 of BACE 1 played key roles in the interaction with peptide WIR. In summary, peptide WIR exhibits the potential to be an effective treatment for AD.
Parameter determination of Photovoltaic Cells from field testing data using particle swarm optimization (2011)

This paper presents a swarm intelligence approach to extract equivalent circuit parameters of Photovoltaic (PV) Cells. The circuit model of a PV cell is non-linear and transcendental, which makes it difficult to solve using conventional numerical methods. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) was applied to extract the solar cell parameters. It has been confirmed that the proposed approach can obtain good parameter precision under the variations of solar insolation and environmental temperature.
Buffer layers on metal alloy substrates for superconducting tapes (2023)

An article including a substrate, at least one intermediate layer upon the surface of the substrate, a layer of an oriented cubic oxide material having a rock-salt-like structure upon the at least one intermediate layer, and a layer of a SrRuO.sub.3 buffer material upon the oriented cubic oxide material layer is provided together with additional layers such as a HTS top-layer of YBCO directly upon the layer of a SrRuO.sub.3 buffer material layer. With a HTS top-layer of YBCO upon at least one layer of the SrRuO.sub.3 buffer material in such an article, J.sub.c 's of up to 1.3.times.10.sup.6 A/cm.sup.2 have been demonstrated with projected I.sub.c 's of over 200 Amperes across a sample 1 cm wide.
High-Mobility Group Protein Box-1 and its Relevance to Cerebral Ischemia (2009)

High-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) was originally identified as a ubiquitously expressed, abundant, nonhistone DNA-binding protein. It has well-established functions in the maintenance of nuclear homeostasis. The HMGB1 can either be passively released into the extracellular milieu in response to necrotic signals or actively secreted in response to inflammatory signals. Extracellular HMGB1 interacts with receptors, including those for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGEs) as well as Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4. The HMGB1 functions in a synergistic manner with other proinflammatory mediators and acts as a potent proinflammatory cytokine-like factor that contributes to the pathogenesis of diverse inflammatory and infectious disorders. Numerous reports point to HMGB1 as a novel player in the ischemic brain. This review provides an appraisal of the emerging roles of HMGB1 in cerebral ischemia injury, highlighting the relevance of HMGB1-blocking agents as potent therapeutic tools for neuroprotection.