gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photocatalytic Mineralization of Commercial Herbicides in a Pilot-Scale Solar CPC Reactor: Photoreactor Modeling and Reaction Kinetics Constants Independent of Radiation Field (2009)

The six-flux absorption-scattering model (SFM) of the radiation field in the photoreactor, combined with reaction kinetics and fluid-dynamic models, has proved to be suitable to describe the degradation of water pollutants in heterogeneous photocatalytic reactors, combining simplicity and accuracy. In this study, the above approach was extended to model the photocatalytic mineralization of a commercial herbicides mixture (2,4-D, diuron, and ametryne used in Colombian sugar cane crops) in a solar, pilot-scale, compound parabolic collector (CPC) photoreactor using a slurry suspension of TiO(2). The ray-tracing technique was used jointly with the SFM to determine the direction of both the direct and diffuse solar photon fluxes and the spatial profile of the local volumetric rate of photon absorption (LVRPA) in the CPC reactor. Herbicides mineralization kinetics with explicit photon absorption effects were utilized to remove the dependence of the observed rate constants from the reactor geometry and radiation field in the photoreactor. The results showed that the overall model fitted the experimental data of herbicides mineralization in the solar CPC reactor satisfactorily for both cloudy and sunny days. Using the above approach kinetic parameters independent of the radiation field in the reactor can be estimated directly from the results of experiments carried out in a solar CPC reactor. The SFM combined with reaction kinetics and fluid-dynamic models proved to be a simple, but reliable model, for solar photocatalytic applications.
Design, analysis, and testing of a hybrid scale structural dynamic model of a Space Station (1989)

The impracticality of testing the fully-assembled on-orbit configurations of future large erectable space platforms fosters an increased reliance on other means for verifying predicted structural dynamic performance. One option is scale modeling. This paper discusses the design of a hybrid scale dynamic test model of the Freedom Space Station and its associated suspension system. Hybrid scaling laws are reviewed, followed by scale factor trades, component design examples, and an analytical evaluation of the overall model fidelity. Component and subassembly test results from a six-bay hybrid scale model truss are presented. Potential interactions of gravity and the suspension system with the free-free dynamics of the scale model are investigated. Suspension system design parameters, such as the number, location, mass, and stiffness of the suspension devices are traded to minimize undesirable interactions and form the basis for an overall suspension system concept for the scale model.
Hypermethylation of the hMLH1 gene promoter in human gastric cancers with microsatellite instability. (1999)

Human gastric carcinoma shows a higher prevalence of microsatellite instability (MSI) than does any other type of sporadic human cancer. The reasons for this high frequency of MSI are not yet known. In contrast to endometrial and colorectal carcinoma, mutations of the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes hMLH1 or hMSH2 have not been described in gastric carcinoma. However, hypermethylation of the hMLH1 MMR gene promoter is quite common in MSI-positive endometrial and colorectal cancers. This hypermethylation has been associated with hMLH1 transcriptional blockade, which is reversible with demethylation, suggesting that an epigenetic mechanism underlies hMLH1 gene inactivation and MMR deficiency. Therefore, we studied the prevalence of hMLH1 promoter hypermethylation in a total of 65 gastric tumors: 18 with frequent MSI (MSI-H), 8 with infrequent MSI (MSI-L), and 39 that were MSI negative. We found a striking association between hMLH1 promoter hypermethylation and MSI; of 18 MSI-H tumors, 14 (77.8%) showed hypermethylation, whereas 6 of 8 MSI-L tumors (75%) were hypermethylated at hMLH1. In contrast, only 1 of 39 (2.6%) MSI-negative tumors demonstrated hMLH1 hypermethylation (P<0.0001 for MSI-H or MSI-L versus MSI-negative). Moreover, hypermethylated cancers demonstrated diminished expression of hMLH1 protein by both immunohistochemistry and Western blotting, whereas nonhypermethylated tumors expressed abundant hMLH1 protein. These data indicate that hypermethylation of hMLH1 is strongly associated with MSI in gastric cancers and suggest an epigenetic mechanism by which defective MMR occurs in this group of cancers.
Cyanoacetamide MCR (III): Three-Component Gewald Reactions Revisited (2009)

Cyanoacetic acid derivatives are the starting materials for a plethora of multicomponent reaction (MCR) scaffolds. Here we describe valuable general protocols for the synthesis of arrays of 2-aminothiophene-3-carboxamides from cyanoacetamides, aldehydes or ketones, and sulfur via a Gewald-3CR variation. In many cases the reactions involve a very convenient work up by simple precipitation in water and filtration. More than 40 new products are described. We foresee our protocol and the resulting derivatives to become very valuable to greatly expanding the MCR scaffold space of cyanoacetamide derivatives.
Core–Shell Layered Double Hydroxide Microspheres with Tunable Interior Architecture for Supercapacitors (2012)

Core–shell layered double hydroxide microspheres with tunable interior architecture have been synthesized by a facile and cost-effective in situ growth method. The SEM and TEM images revealed that the obtained microspheres display a three-dimensional architecture with core–shell, yolk–shell, and hollow interior structure respectively, with continuous changes in specific surface area and pore-size distribution. Moreover, the hollow NiAl-LDH microspheres exhibit excellent pseudocapacitance performance, including high specific capacitance and rate capability, good charge/discharge stability and long-term cycling life, owing to the greatly improved faradaic redox reaction and mass transfer. Therefore, this work provides a promising approach for the design and synthesis of structure tunable materials with largely enhanced supercapacitor behavior, which can be potentially applied in energy storage/conversion devices.
Guarding Pain and Spontaneous Activity of Nociceptors after Skin versus Skin Plus Deep Tissue Incision (2009)

These data demonstrated that incised deep tissue rather than skin had a central role in the genesis of guarding behavior and nociceptor SA. Understanding the responses of deep tissue to incision and the mechanisms for deep tissue pain will improve postoperative pain management.
<title>New picosecond laser emitting blue light for use in periodontology</title> (2001)

Aim of the study was to investigate the impact of a new picosecond laser emitting blue light on tooth surfaces in order to remove calculus. The radiation may be comfortably transmitted via 25 micrometers diameter fiber optics. The resulting fluence at the tooth was found to be to low for ablation of calculus via nonlinear effects. Higher absorption of the 446 nm radiation by calculus compared to heathy tissues can provide preferential heating and evaporation of the calculus. The surface of thick calculus is irregular rough thus comprising a large interface to the surrounding cooling medium contra acting the preferential heating. In summary the study indicates the possibility flat layers of calculus by thermal effects. Carbonization in healthy tissues is the major problem concerning removal of subgingival calculus with thermal effects.
Syntheses of Core-Modified Corroles by Three Different [3 + 1] Methodologies (2004)

Three new methods for syntheses of modified oxa corroles bearing one meso free carbon in reasonably good yields are reported. The formation of the meso carbon bridge and the direct pyrrole-pyrrole linkage occur in a single step by a simple condensation and coupling with TFA as a catalyst with appropriate precursors. The reactions are optimized with different conditions by varying the meso substituents, acid catalyst concentration, and the nature of the solvent to afford corroles in good yields.
Engineered Microvessel for Cell Culture in Simulated Microgravity (2021)

As the number of manned space flights increase, studies on the effects of microgravity on the human body are becoming more important. Due to the high expense and complexity of sending samples into space, simulated microgravity platforms have become a popular way to study these effects on earth. In addition, simulated microgravity has recently drawn the attention of regenerative medicine by increasing cell differentiation capability. These platforms come with many advantages as well as limitations. A main limitation for usage of these platforms is the lack of high-throughput capability due to the use of large cell culture vessels. Therefore, there is a requirement for microvessels for microgravity platforms that limit waste and increase throughput. In this work, a microvessel for commercial cell culture plates was designed. Four 3D printable (polycarbonate (PC), polylactic acid (PLA) and resin) and castable (polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)) materials were assessed for biocompatibility with adherent and suspension cell types. PDMS was found to be the most suitable material for microvessel fabrication, long-term cell viability and proliferation. It also allows for efficient gas exchange, has no effect on cell culture media pH and does not induce hypoxic conditions. Overall, the designed microvessel can be used on simulated microgravity platforms as a method for long-term high-throughput biomedical studies.
Bestimmung des Impulsstromes bei Gaszerstäuberbrennern (1973)

Abstract Der Impulsstrom von Brennern ist eine geeignete Größe, die Eingangsdaten eines Industrieofens mit den sich im Feuerraum einstellenden Größen zu verknüpfen. Mit seiner Hilfe kann ein charakteristisches Längenmaß gebildet werden, das einen übersichtlichen Vergleich der unterschiedlichen Ofenraumzustände ermöglicht. Da bei Gaszerstäubern eine Impulsbestimmung wegen der unterschiedlichen Geschwindigkeiten von Gas und Flüssigkeit nicht ohne weiteres möglich ist, wird zunächst die Strömung für diesen Fall beschrieben und danach anhand von Beispielen der Ölzerstäubung die Ermittlung des Impulsstromes erläutert. Als Anwendung wird gezeigt, wie unterschiedliche Ofenraumverhältnisse miteinander verglichen bzw. durch Verändern der Eingangsvariablen beeinflußt werden können, wenn der Feuerraumzustand als abhängig von dem genannten charakteristischen Längenmaß dargestellt wird.
Myotonic dystrophy (2012)

Mechanisms of RNA toxicity are moving beyond a simplistic 'foci-centric' view of DM1 pathogenesis as a spliceopathy due to MBNL1 sequestration. Therapeutic development for myotonic dystrophy is moving rapidly with the development of antisense and small molecule therapies. Clinically, significant emphasis is being placed on biomarker discovery and outcome measures as an essential prelude to clinical trials.
The male effect improves reproductive performance in ewes maintained under extensive conditions in arid central Mexico (2010)

International audience
DUF3380 Domain from a Salmonella Phage Endolysin Shows Potent N -Acetylmuramidase Activity (2016)

We report the functional and biochemical characterization of the Salmonella phage endolysin Gp110. This endolysin has a modular structure with an enzymatically active domain and a cell wall binding domain. The enzymatic activity of this endolysin exceeds that of all other endolysins previously characterized using the same methods. A domain of unknown function (DUF3380) is responsible for this high enzymatic activity. We report that DUF3380 has N-acetylmuramidase activity against directly cross-linked peptidoglycans with various peptide stem compositions. This experimentally verified activity allows better classification and understanding of the enzymatic activities of endolysins, which mostly are inferred by sequence similarities. Three-dimensional structure predictions for Gp110 suggest a fold that is completely different from that of known structures of enzymes with the same peptidoglycan cleavage specificity, making this endolysin quite unique. All of these features, combined with increased thermal resistance, make Gp110 an attractive candidate for engineering novel endolysin-based antibacterials.
A fair-optimal channel borrowing scheme in multiservice cellular networks with reuse partitioning (2002)

Reuse partitioning is a technique of using differing reuse factors to provide an increase in system capacity. Furthermore additional capacity increase can be accomplished by allowing calls to overflow from inner zones and outer zones. We consider this asymmetric channel borrowing scheme between zones in two-zone reuse partitioning. In this scheme, however, calls initiated in outer zones have fewer channels available than those in inner zones and therefore they experience higher blocking rates unless some channel borrowing control is used. In this paper, we address the problem of guaranteeing a specified call blocking probability of outer zone calls and search for a fair-optimal control policy that can support such a guarantee. Throughout the study two classes of calls, namely narrowband calls and broadband calls are taken into account. The problem is formulated as a constrained continuous Markov decision problem (CCMDP), and is shown to be solved by a linear program for the case of two types of services.
Vitamin-D-Status und chronische Erkrankungen: Fakten und Fiktionen (2011)

Durch eine große Zahl von unkontrollierten Beobachtungsstudien ist der Eindruck in der Öffentlichkeit entstanden, dass fast alle Gesundheitsbeschwerden verhindert und Krankheiten geheilt werden können, wenn man nur dem Organismus Vitamin D  und das in möglichst hohen Dosen  zuführt. Hierbei wird übersehen, dass ein niedriger Vitamin D-Status nur einer von vielen Risikofaktoren ist, dessen tatsächliche Relevanz für die Pathogenese nur in ganz wenigen Fällen erhoben werden konnte. Dazu zählen die Osteoporose, das kolorektale und das Mammakarzinom sowie kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen. Bei diesen Krankheiten kann eine effektive Risikoreduktion erreicht werden, wenn der Serumspiegel von 25-Hydroxyvitamin D auf 50 nmol/l (20 ng/ml) angehoben und gleichzeitig eine ausreichende Kalziumversorgung garantiert wird. Das ist nach den neuesten, für die USA gültigen Empfehlungen durch die Zufuhr von durchschnittlich 600 I.E. Vitamin D3 und 1000 1300 mg Kalzium pro Tag möglich.
ChemInform Abstract: Expedient Synthesis of Symmetric Aryl Ketones and of Ambient‐Temperature Molten Salts of Imidazole. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Consistent analysis of cross sections of (n,f ) and (n, xn) reactions for the actinides (1988)

A consistent description is given of the fission and (n,xn) reaction cross sections of /sup 238/U and /sup 235/U at neutron energies up to 20 MeV, taking into account shell, superfluid, and collective effects in the nuclear level density in equilibrium and highly deformed states, and also the pre-equilibrium emission of neutrons. The energy dependence of the fissility and of the ''first chance'' fission cross section above the threshold for the (n,nf ) reaction is obtained.
Simultaneous Formation of Interphases on both Positive and Negative Electrodes in High‐Voltage Aqueous Lithium‐Ion Batteries (2021)

The formation of solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) in "water-in-salt" electrolyte (WiSE) expands the electrochemical stability window of aqueous electrolytes beyond 3.0 V. However, the parasitic hydrogen evolution reaction that drives anode corrosion, cracking, and the subsequent reformation of SEI still occurs, compromising long-term cycling performance of the batteries. To improve cycling stability, an unsaturated monomer acrylamide (AM) is introduced as an electrolyte additive, whose presence in WiSE reduces its viscosity and improves ionic conductivity. Upon charging, AM electropolymerizes into polyacrylamide, as confirmed both experimentally and computationally. The in situ polymer constitutes effective protection layers at both anode and cathode surfaces, and enables LiMn<sub>2</sub> O<sub>4</sub> ||L-TiO<sub>2</sub> full cells with high specific capacity (157 mAh g<sup>-1</sup> at 1 C), long-term cycling stability (80% capacity retention within 200 cycles at 1 C), and high rate capability (79 mAh g<sup>-1</sup> at 30 C). The in situ electropolymerization found in this work provides an alternative and highly effective strategy to design protective interphases at the negative and positive electrodes for high-voltage aqueous batteries of lithium-ion or beyond.
Development of a transparent silica-titania-methyl siliconate nanocoating with photocatalytic-hydrophobic properties aided by response surface method (2019)

This work aims to optimize the factors affecting silica-titania-methyl siliconate photocatalyst hydrophobic coatings prepared through a straightforward chemical method using tetraethyl-orthosilicate (TEOS: C8H20O4Si), tetraethyl-orthotitanate (TEOT: C8H20O4Ti) and potassium methyl siliconate (PMS: CH3SiO3K3). Field Emission- Scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) images showed that a uniform and crack-free coating with a thickness of nearly 90 nm was formed on the surface at the low temperature. FT-IR spectroscopy confirmed the formation of silica and titania particles on the coating. Response Surface Method (RSM) with 29 experiments was implemented, and the contact angle with photocatalytic efficiency was considered as the response to be optimized. Four effective factors of the mole ratio of TEOT/TEOS, PMS/TEOS, H2O/TEOS, and pH were determined in three levels, which were equal to 35, 0.06, 5.5, and 2, respectively, obtained by an Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) over the experiment results. In the mentioned conditions, the expected result for the contact angle and photocatalytic efficiency were 139˚ and 43.5%, respectively, and the confirmation test reached 141° and 41%. Consequently, TEOT/TEOS and PMS/TEOS molar ratios were found to be the most effective factors in both photocatalytic and hydrophobicity of the coating.
The Effects of Rotation on Radiographic Evaluation of the Tibiofibular Syndesmosis (2002)

Radiographs of 12 normal cadaveric lower extremities were prepared with each extremity in seven increments of axial rotation, ranging from 5 degrees of external rotation to 25 degrees of internal rotation. The tibiofibular clear space, the tibiofibular overlap, the width of the tibia and fibula, and the medial clear space were measured on each film. The width of the tibiofibular clear space (syndesmosis A) averaged 3.9+/-0.9 mm (range, 2 to 5.5 mm), but did not change significantly with rotation. Its size was independent of the size of tibia and fibula. All other measurements changed dramatically with rotation. In our specimens, a true mortise view of the ankle joint was obtained by internally rotating the extremity an average of 13.6+/-0.7 degrees (range, 12.0 degrees to 17.0 degrees). Based on our results the width of the tibiofibular clear space on the anterior-posterior view is the most reliable parameter for detecting widening of the syndesmosis on plain radiographs. However, due to its variability among different individuals, comparison views of the contralateral extremity are warranted for confirmation of clinical suspicion of syndesmosis disruption.
Current and Potential Role of Thermoradiotherapy for Solid Tumours (2003)

The disappointing results for inoperable, locally advanced or recurrent solid tumours of the uterine cervix, rectum, chest wall, liver and deep seated, high-risk sarcomas after conventional radiotherapy alone necessitate the search for improved treatments. A benefit from simultaneous radiochemotherapy with regard to local tumour control and survival has been shown for a rising number of tumour entities. Radiofrequency hyperthermia is established in only a few centres, and represents another option to intensify the effect of radio- and chemotherapy. Altogether 11 randomised phase III trials with more than 1,000 patients proved the combination of hyperthermia (40-42 degrees C for at least 1 h) and radiation therapy in reference to local tumour control. Two of these trials could demonstrate a survival benefit; e.g. in locally advanced cervical cancer, stage FIGO IIB-IVa, the 3-year survival was improved from 27 to 51% with the addition of hyperthermia. Frequently trial design (main endpoint local tumour control), a low number of patients or a short follow- up period are the reasons why most trials of thermoradiotherapy failed to demonstrate a survival benefit. Disadvantageous effects of hyperthermia like an increased rate of distant metastases as a result of hyperthermia-induced elevated perfusion can be largely ruled out. While at the moment the equivalence of thermoradiotherapy and radiochemotherapy is still under evaluation, future studies have to investigate the question whether hyperthermia can add benefits when used in combination with simultaneous radiochemotherapy. An ongoing investigation of hyperthermia in multimodal treatment strategies for locally advanced solid tumours is warranted. These trials will help to improve temperature monitoring and temperature distribution and define particular groups of patients who will profit from the addition of hyperthermia. The 'Interdisziplinäre Arbeitsgruppe Hyperthermie', a working group of the German Cancer Society, introduces clinical protocols, treatment devices, and provides information for patients at www.hyperthermie.org.
Fair rate TCP for fair share of bandwidth over Diffserv networks (2004)

The assured forwarding service of the EETF Diffserv architecture provides a qualitative service differentiation between classes of traffic. However, flows get different shares of the bandwidth, when TCP flows with different round trip times are aggregated into one AF class. In this paper, we propose fair rate-conscious TCP (FR-TCP) to improve fairness of bandwidth within the aggregate. Computer simulations show that FR-TCP controls window to get the share according to fair rate, allocates fair bandwidth efficiently within the aggregate and adapts to various situations.