gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spatially correlated light emission from a resonant-cavity light-emitting diode (2003)

We present the angular-resolved intensity noise characteristics of a resonant-cavity light-emitting diode under quiet pumping conditions. Measurements by a sensitivity-enhanced lock-in amplifier detection scheme yielded a spatial anticorrelation between the intensity noise of the central and peripheral parts of the emitted far field. Proposals for possible explanations of this anticorrelation from a semiconductor emitter point of view and its consequences for applications in quantum optical imaging are discussed.
Health behaviours prior to pregnancy and fertility outcomes: Triangulation of evidence in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) (2022)

Introduction: Current advice to improve fertility includes reducing alcohol and caffeine consumption, achieving healthy weight-range, and stopping smoking. Advice is informed by observational evidence, which is often biased by confounding. Methods: This study uses data from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) and the Medical Birth Registry of Norway. First, we analysed associations between health behaviours prior to pregnancy (alcohol and caffeine consumption, body-mass index (BMI) and smoking) and multiple indicators of fertility (including number of children, time to conception, and miscarriage) (n=83,128 women, 67,555 men), adjusting for birthyear, education and attention deficit and hyperactive-impulsive (ADHD) traits. Second, we used individual-level Mendelian randomisation (MR) to explore possible causal effects of health behaviours on fertility outcomes (n=27,216 women, 26,131 men). Finally, we performed summary-level MR for available outcomes (n=91,462-1,232,091) and conducted multi-variable MR to control for education and ADHD liability. Results: In observational analysis, higher BMI and smoking (and to a lesser extent caffeine) were predominantly associated with reduced fertility outcomes. Unexpectedly, higher alcohol consumption was associated with predominantly improved fertility outcomes. There was little evidence from individual-level MR analyses, except smoking and higher BMI were associated with younger age at first birth in women (mean difference in years, per SD increase in genetic score; smoking: -2.65 (95%CI: -3.57, -1.73); BMI: -0.11 (95%CI: -0.16, -0.08)) and men (smoking: -2.82 (95%CI: -4.07, -1.58); BMI: -0.17 (95%CI: -0.23, -0.11)). These results were replicated in the summary-level MR analysis, however effects attenuated after adjusting for education and ADHD liability. Conclusions: Most observational evidence for associations between health behaviours and fertility was not supported by MR analyses, suggesting possible residual confounding. Evidence from MR analyses supported an effect of smoking and higher BMI on younger age of first birth, but multivariable MR suggested this might be explained by underlying liability to ADHD and low educational attainment.
Scalar flux profile relationships over the open ocean (2004)

The most commonly used flux‐profile relationships are based on Monin‐Obukhov (MO) similarity theory. These flux‐profile relationships are required in indirect methods such as the bulk aerodynamic, profile, and inertial dissipation methods to estimate the fluxes over the ocean. These relationships are almost exclusively derived from previous field experiments conducted over land. However, the use of overland measurements to infer surface fluxes over the ocean remains questionable, particularly close to the ocean surface where wave‐induced forcing can affect the flow. This study investigates the flux profile relationships over the open ocean using measurements made during the 2000 Fluxes, Air‐Sea Interaction, and Remote Sensing (FAIRS) and 2001 GasEx experiments. These experiments provide direct measurement of the atmospheric fluxes along with profiles of water vapor and temperature. The specific humidity data are used to determine parameterizations of the dimensionless gradients using functional forms of two commonly used relationships. The best fit to the Businger‐Dyer relationship [ Businger , 1988 ] is found using an empirical constant of a q = 13.4 ± 1.7. The best fit to a formulation that has the correct form in the limit of local free convection [e.g., Wyngaard , 1973 ] is found using a q = 29.8 ± 4.6. These values are in good agreement with the consensus values from previous overland experiments and the Coupled Ocean‐Atmosphere Response Experiment (COARE) 3.0 bulk algorithm [ Fairall et al. , 2003 ]; e.g., the COARE algorithm uses empirical constants of 15 and 34.2 for the Businger‐Dyer and convective forms, respectively. Although the flux measurements were made at a single elevation and local similarity scaling is applied, the good agreement implies that MO similarity is valid within the marine atmospheric surface layer above the wave boundary layer.
The Cysteine Protease Cathepsin B Is a Key Drug Target and Cysteine Protease Inhibitors Are Potential Therapeutics for Traumatic Brain Injury (2013)

There are currently no effective therapeutic agents for traumatic brain injury (TBI), but drug treatments for TBI can be developed by validation of new drug targets and demonstration that compounds directed to such targets are efficacious in TBI animal models using a clinically relevant route of drug administration. The cysteine protease, cathepsin B, has been implicated in mediating TBI, but it has not been validated by gene knockout (KO) studies. Therefore, this investigation evaluated mice with deletion of the cathepsin B gene receiving controlled cortical impact TBI trauma. Results indicated that KO of the cathepsin B gene resulted in amelioration of TBI, shown by significant improvement in motor dysfunction, reduced brain lesion volume, greater neuronal density in brain, and lack of increased proapoptotic Bax levels. Notably, oral administration of the small-molecule cysteine protease inhibitor, E64d, immediately after TBI resulted in recovery of TBI-mediated motor dysfunction and reduced the increase in cathepsin B activity induced by TBI. E64d outcomes were as effective as cathepsin B gene deletion for improving TBI. E64d treatment was effective even when administered 8 h after injury, indicating a clinically plausible time period for acute therapeutic intervention. These data demonstrate that a cysteine protease inhibitor can be orally efficacious in a TBI animal model when administered at a clinically relevant time point post-trauma, and that E64d-mediated improvement of TBI is primarily the result of inhibition of cathepsin B activity. These results validate cathepsin B as a new TBI therapeutic target.
Metal-Free and Solvent-Free Oxidative Coupling of Amines to Imines with Mesoporous Carbon from Macrocyclic Compounds (2015)

A new series of carbon-based heterogeneous catalysts aiming at the oxidative coupling of amines to imines is disclosed here, which are easily synthesized by pyrolysis of macrocyclic compounds, including phthalocyanine and porphyrin under different temperatures. Silica colloid or ordered mesoporous silica SBA-15 is employed as the hard template to fulfill the mesoporous structures. The most active catalyst fabricated from phthalocyanine and silica colloid shows remarkable catalytic activity, excellent selectivity, and robust stability toward the imine formation in the presence of molecular oxygen under neat conditions. Kinetic analysis demonstrates that the apparent activation for benzylamine oxidation is 47.6 kJ mol–1 and that cationic species are involved in the reaction. The unprecedented performance of mesoporous carbon catalysts can be attributed to their high surface area, profitable pore volume, as well as homogeneous distribution of defect sites.
A Case Report of Rapidly Progressive Empyema Caused by Pulmonary Actinomycosis - A Case Report - (2010)

Pulmonary actinomycosis is an indolent and slowly progressive infectious disease, accompanied by pleural effusion and empyema in about 50% of cases. The size of the effusion is usually small, though, and it responds to appropriate antibiotics. We report a case of rapidly progressing, severe empyema leading to respiratory failure that was caused by pulmonary actinomycosis. A 57-year-old man presented with pleuritic chest pain for 5 days. The initial plain chest radiograph and CT scan showed pleural effusion. Gross pus was observed during the thoracentesis and laboratory test of pleural effusion revealed empyema. In spite of empirical antibiotics and chest tube drainage, the empyema rapidly progressed and the patient reached respiratory failure. Mechanical ventilation applied and decortication via video-assisted thoracotomy was performed. Microscopic examination of both the pleural and adjacent lung biopsy specimen revealed actinomycosis.
ChemInform Abstract: Benzophenone Derivatives and Related Compounds as Potent Histamine H3‐Receptor Antagonists and Potential PET/SPECT Ligands. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Top down method for synthesis of highly conducting graphene by exfoliation of graphite oxide using focused solar radiation (2011)

Herein we report a rapid, chemical free and low temperature method for high throughput production of graphene by exfoliation of graphite oxide using focused solar radiation. The simple method of preparation, easy scalability, cost effectiveness and high electrical conductivity (1.5 × 103 S m−1) of solar graphene hold great promise for true practical applications.
Efficient data reduction and cache-coherent techniques toward real-time performance (2007)

Article Share on Efficient data reduction and cache-coherent techniques toward real-time performance Author: Dave Kasik The Boeing Company, Seattle, WA The Boeing Company, Seattle, WAView Profile Authors Info & Claims SIGGRAPH '07: ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 coursesAugust 2007Pages 5–eshttps://doi.org/10.1145/1281500.1281565Published:05 August 2007Publication History 0citation20DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations0Total Downloads20Last 12 Months0Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
gem-Digold Acetylide Complexes for Catalytic Intermolecular [4 + 2] Cycloaddition: Having Two Gold Centers Is Better for Asymmetric Catalysis (2018)

Gold(I)-catalyzed highly enantioselective intermolecular [4 + 2] cycloaddition is shown with ynones and cyclohexadiene. Various bicyclo[2.2.2]octadiene derivatives are produced in high yields (up to 99%) with good enantioselectivity (up to 96% ee). Key to the success is generation of the gem-digold terminal alkyne as a catalytic on-cycle species. As proof of the gem-digold catalysis, a positive nonlinear effect is clarified between the ee's of the ligand and the cycloadduct.
Sera and immunoglobulins (2006)

A century ago, PASSIVE IMMUNOTHERAPY consisted of plasma preparations containing Ab of animal origin. Repeated prophylaxis and treatment with such agents was associated with severe side-effects. This was solved by continuous improvement of the process of protein purification resulting in homologous Ig preparations devoid of aggregates with Fc effector function. The main active component of these products is polyclonal IgG. Nowadays, an increasing number of monoclonal humanised or human IgG preparations with selected specificity and in different subclasses have been developed for special therapeutic purposes. With more than 100 different mAb products in different stages of clinical development, we can expect the number of licensed products to increase considerably over the next few years.
Interaction of Flumioxazin with Dimethenamid or Metolachlor in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)1 (2004)

Abstract Field studies were conducted in various peanut growing regions of Texas and Georgia to study peanut response to flumioxazin alone or in combination with dimethenamid or metolachlor. In south Texas during 1997, flumioxazin plus metolachlor resulted in greater than 45% peanut stunt, while flumioxazin plus dimethenamid caused ≤20% peanut stunt. This stunting was attributed to cool, wet growing conditions. Peanut yields in flumioxazin plus metolachlor-treated plots were reduced 58% from peanut in the non-treated check. In 1999 and 2000, flumioxazin plus dimethenamid or metolachlor resulted in 15% or greater peanut stunt, but stunting was not constant across weather conditions or locations. In west Texas and Georgia no peanut stunting with flumioxazin was noted. At the Levelland, TX location, flumioxazin at 0.07 kg/ha plus metolachlor at 1.1 kg/ha reduced peanut yield 32% when compared with the non-treated check; while at the Pearsall, TX location, metolachlor or dimethenamid at 1.1 kg/ha, flumioxazin at 0.07 kg/ha plus dimethenamid at 1.5 kg/ha, and flumioxazin at 0.1 kg/ha plus dimethenamid at 1.1 kg/ha reduced peanut yield 24 to 48% when compared with the non-treated check. No yield reduction was noted in Georgia.
Two new fungal inteins (2005)

Until recently the only intein known to be encoded by the nuclear genome of a eukaryote was the VMA intein in the vacuolar ATPase precursor of several species of saccharomycete yeast. This intein has been intensively studied and much information has been gained about its structure, mode of action and evolutionary history. We recently reported a second nuclear intein, Cne PRP8, encoded within the PRP8 gene of the basidiomycete Cryptococcus neoformans. Subsequent studies have found allelic PRP8 inteins in several species of yeast and filamentous ascomycetes. Here we report two further, non-allelic, inteins from ascomycete species. The yeast Debaryomyces hansenii (which also has a VMA intein) has an intein encoded within the sequence of the glutamate synthase gene (GLT1). There are also inteins encoded in the homologous GLT1 genes of the yeast Candida (Pichia) guilliermondii and the filamentous fungus Podospora anserina. These allelic GLT1 inteins occupy exactly the same site in the glutamate synthase and all contain domains that indicate the presence of a homing endonuclease (HEG). Podospora anserina, in addition, contains a second, non-allelic, intein encoded in the chitin synthase gene (CHS2); this intein also contains a HEG domain. We describe the phylogenetic relationships among the four eukaryote nuclear encoded inteins (VMA, PRP8, GLT1 and CHS2). We also consider this phylogeny in the broader context of eubacterial, archaeal and eukaryote viral and organelle inteins.
The genomics of oral cancer and wound healing (2009)

Oral cancer is the most common malignancy in India, where it is epidemiologically linked to the chewing of betel quid and other carcinogens. But various point mutations were detectable in the p53 and p15 genes. Hence, this review was conducted with the aim to find out genetic risks as well as markers for oral cancers and wound healing. Tobacco-related cancers are associated with polymorphisms of the CYP1A1 and GSTM1 genes in terms of genotype frequencies and cigarette smoking dose. Expression of E6/E7 were also found in tumors, most of which were derived from the oropharynx. Presence of homozygous arginine at codon 72 renders p53 about seven times more susceptible to E6-mediated proteolytic degradation. Erythropoietin, vascular permeability factor (VPF, also known as vascular endothelial growth factor or VEGF), and PDGF has been implicated as one of the principal mitogens involved in cutaneous wound healing. Activation of NF-kB is associated with enhanced cell survival. Human papilloma virus status is a significantly favorable prognostic factor in tonsilar cancer and may be used as a marker in order to optimize the treatment of patients with this type of cancer.
The Finnish genetic heritage in 2022 – from diagnosis to translational research (2022)

Isolated populations have been valuable for the discovery of rare monogenic diseases and their causative genetic variants. Finnish disease heritage (FDH) is an example of a group of hereditary monogenic disorders caused by single major, usually autosomal-recessive, variants enriched in the population due to several past genetic drift events. Interestingly, distinct subpopulations have remained in Finland and have maintained their unique genetic repertoire. Thus, FDH diseases have persisted, facilitating vigorous research on the underlying molecular mechanisms and development of treatment options. This Review summarizes the current status of FDH, including the most recently discovered FDH disorders, and introduces a set of other recently identified diseases that share common features with the traditional FDH diseases. The Review also discusses a new era for population-based studies, which combine various forms of big data to identify novel genotype-phenotype associations behind more complex conditions, as exemplified here by the FinnGen project. In addition to the pathogenic variants with an unequivocal causative role in the disease phenotype, several risk alleles that correlate with certain phenotypic features have been identified among the Finns, further emphasizing the broad value of studying genetically isolated populations.
MBE-Grown AlGaN/GaN HEMTs on SiC (2004)

We report on the development of AlGaN/GaN high-electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) grown on SiC using plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). In this work, we show that performance comparable to state-of-the-art AlGaN/GaN HEMTs can be achieved using MBE-grown material. Buffer leakage was an important limiting factor for these devices. The use of either carbon-doped buffers, or low Al/N ratio in the nucleation layer growth were effective in reducing buffer leakage. Studies varying the thickness and concentration of the carbon doping were carried out to determine the effect of different carbon doping profiles on the insulating and dispersive properties of buffers, On devices without field plates, at 4 GHz an output power density of 12 W/mm was obtained with a power-added efficiency (PAE) of 46 % and gain of 14 dB. 15.6 W/mm with PAE of 56 % was obtained from these devices after field-plating. Two-tone linearity measurements of these devices were also carried out. At a C/I 3 level of 30 dBc, the devices measured had an output power of 1.9 W/mm with a PAE of 53 %. The effect of the Al/N ratio in the AlN nucleation layer on buffer leakage was studied. N -rich conditions yielded highly insulating GaN buffers without carbon doping. At 4 GHz, devices without field plates delivered 4.8 W/mm with a PAE of 62 %. At a higher drain bias (50 V), 8.1 W/mm with a PAE of 38 % was achieved.
Knowledge in operation (1992)

The L <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">LILOG</inf> knowledge representation language and an inference engine to interpret it have been developed as part of the LILOG project, where new concepts for understanding natural-language texts were investigated. L <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">LILOG</inf> is a typed predicate logic whose type system has adopted the concepts of KL-One-like languages. Further language constructs allow the formulation of default and control knowledge. The inference engine for L <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">LILOG</inf> was designed as an experimental theorem prover, allowing us to investigate the behavior of various inference calculi as well as a number of search strategies. Processing with L <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">LILOG</inf> is not restricted to a propositional reasoner for logical formulas; we are also able to delegate special kinds of inferences to external deductive components. Currently, one such external reasoner for processing spatial information on the basis of analog representation is attached to the inference engine.
Disability outcomes of early cerebellar and brainstem symptoms in multiple sclerosis (2020)

Early cerebellar presentation is associated with unfavourable outcomes, while early brainstem presentation is associated with favourable prognosis. These presentations may be used as MS prognostic markers and guide therapeutic approach.
What's on the Surface? Physics and Chemistry of Delta-Doped Surfaces (2011)

Outline of presentation: 1. Detector surfaces and the problem of stability 2. Delta-doped detectors 3. Physics of Delta-doped Silicon 4. Chemistry of the Si-SiO2 Interface 5. Physics and Chemistry of Delta-doped Surfaces a. Compensation b. Inversion c. Quantum exclusion. Conclusions: 1. Quantum confinement of electrons and holes dominates the behavior of delta-doped surfaces. 2. Stability of delta-doped detectors: Delta-layer creates an approx 1 eV tunnel barrier between bulk and surface. 3. At high surface charge densities, Tamm-Shockley states form at the surface. 4. Surface passivation by quantum exclusion: Near-surface delta-layer suppresses T-S trapping of minority carriers. 5. The Si-SiO2 interface compensates the surface 6. For delta-layers at intermediate depth, surface inversion layer forms 7. Density of Si-SiO2 interface charge can be extremely high (>10(exp 14)/sq cm)
Biogenetic model reactions of germacrone-type sesquiterpenes (1971)

Acid catalysed conversion of germacrone-type sesquiterpenes into cadinene-type compounds has been carried out by using 80% aq. AcOH or AlCl3 in dry ether, and Îµ-cadinene has been synthesized from preisocalamendiol in two steps.
Tissue Distribution and Quantification of the Expression of mRNAs of Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptors and Liver X Receptor-α in Humans: No Alteration in Adipose Tissue of Obese and NIDDM Patients (1997)

Members of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) family might be involved in pathologies with altered lipid metabolism. They participate in the control of the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism and adipocyte differentiation. In addition, thiazolidinediones improve insulin resistance in vivo by activating PPAR gamma. However, little is known regarding their tissue distribution and relative expression in humans. Using a quantitative and sensitive reverse transcription (RT)-competitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, we determined the distribution and relative mRNA expression of the four PPARs (alpha,beta, gamma1, and gamma2) and liver X receptor-alpha (LXR alpha) in the main tissues implicated in lipid metabolism. PPAR alpha and LXR alpha were mainly expressed in liver, while PPAR gamma1 predominated in adipose tissue and large intestine. We found that PPAR gamma2 mRNA was a minor isoform, even in adipose tissue, thus causing question of its role in humans. PPAR beta mRNA was present in all the tissues tested at low levels. In addition, PPAR gamma mRNA was barely detectable in skeletal muscle, suggesting that improvement of insulin resistance with thiazolidinediones may not result from a direct effect of these agents on PPAR gamma in muscle. Obesity and NIDDM were not associated with change in PPARs and LXR alpha expression in adipose tissue. The mRNA levels of PPAR gamma1, the predominant form in adipocytes, did not correlate with BMI, leptin mRNA levels, or fasting insulinemia in 29 subjects with various degrees of obesity. These results indicated that obesity is not associated with alteration in PPAR gene expression in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue in humans.