gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Human Intestinal Cell Lines for Studying Dietary Protein Absorption (2018)

With the global population rising, the need for sustainable and resource-efficiently produced proteins with nutritional and health promoting qualities has become urgent. Proteins are important macronutrients and are involved in most, if not all, biological processes in the human body. This review discusses these absorption mechanisms in the small intestine. To study intestinal transport and predict bioavailability, cell lines are widely applied as screening models and often concern Caco-2, HT-29, HT-29/MTX and T84 cells. Here, we provide an overview of the presence and activities of peptide- and amino acid transporters in these cell models. Further, inter-laboratory differences are discussed as well as the culture micro-environment, both of which may influence cell culture phenotype and performance. Finally, the value of new developments in the field, including culturing cells in 3-dimensional systems under shear stress (i.e., gut-on-chips), is highlighted. In particular, their suitability in screening novel food proteins and prediction of the nutritional quality needed for inclusion in the human diet of the future is addressed.
Design and simulation of an automated robotic machining cell for cross-laminated timber panels (2021)

Cross-laminated timber (CLT) is an innovative construction material that has brought advantages over traditional wood structures, reducing cost and lead time of buildings in recent years; yet CLT benefits primarily from offsite construction methods instead of automation or safety, while keeping the human onsite. The few advancements in automation for CLT panels have been in the implementation of dedicated CNC machines. Nevertheless, using CNC machines for machining CLT panels have disadvantages like clamping batches of massive panels with individual profiles, lacking the flexibility to access all acute machining angles, and struggling with the extraction of dust while the cutting spindle moves through large tight spaces. These disadvantages can be overcome with industrial robots’ help, which the construction industry has not been traditionally favorable on their application, giving then the research gap in this study. This paper explores the introduction of a robotic cell for the machining of cross-laminated timber panels. The robotic cell is designed using 3D modeling and validated through motion simulation in a virtual environment. The proposed cell design is based on a minimum viable product and compared against a minimum throughput benchmarked on the Canadian market. This study aims to research the feasibility of CLT’s automated machining by providing clear production characteristics of the designed robotic cell, such as material and tool utilization rates, lead time, or production efficiency.
[Clinical use of the artificial heart, indications and results]. (1988)

Clinical experience with the artificial heart now comprises 520 cases. 390 patients had to be supported mechanically when they could not be weaned off cardiopulmonary bypass. 177 (45%) subsequently had their assist devices removed and 100 (25.4%) were discharged. Good functional results were achieved, since 30 of 36 long-term survivors are in NYHA class I or II. 140 underwent two-stage cardiac transplantation. Of 63 patients implanted with a ventricular assist device (VAD) 71% were transplanted and 51% survived. A total artificial heart (TAH) was used in 77 cases, 81% were transplanted and 47% survived. Five patients received TAH implantations as a permanent replacement of the failing heart. Though the clinical courses were complicated by strokes and infections and the patients were tethered to bulky drive units, it was proven that the TAH may sustain human life for up to 622 days, much longer than so far achieved in animal experiments. Improvements of the atrial connectors and valve holding components and of the biocompatibility of the blood contacting surfaces should overcome the complication of thromboembolism. Fully implantable devices which are currently being developed will avoid the problem of drive-line infections and provide fuller mobility to the patient.
Oxygen transport during hemodilution with a perfluorocarbon-based oxygen carrier: effect of altitude and hyperoxia (2008)

Oxygen delivery and consumption after hemodilution with a perfluorocarbon-based oxygen carrier (PFCOC) was evaluated at sea level and at 2,600 m above sea level. Fifteen anesthetized rats were subjected to a two-exchange normovolemic hemodilution of 40% of the circulating blood volume each. First exchange was performed with a colloid solution. Second exchange was with 80% PFCOC and 20% colloid. Animals were then ventilated with 100% oxygen. Experiments were performed at barometric pressure of 1.0 atm (sea-level group, n=9) or 0.74 atm (2,600-m group, n=6). Blood gases, hematocrit, fluorocrit, and hemoglobin content were measured at baseline and 15 min after each exchange. After hemodilution, total arterial content was not modified by the PFCOC in either group. In contrast, arteriovenous oxygen difference increased significantly in both groups, as did the oxygen extraction ratio. In the second exchange, although total arterial content was similar between the two groups, the perfluorocarbon and plasma phases contributed significantly more at sea level. Arteriovenous oxygen difference was significantly less at sea level with a higher contribution from the perfluorocarbon and plasma phases. In conclusion, hemodilution with a PFCOC induced changes in oxygen delivery and consumption that differ with altitude. The 2,600-m group exhibited a higher oxygen extraction ratio and arteriovenous oxygen difference, with reduced oxygen delivery and unloading from both the fluorocarbon and plasma phase. Therefore, the efficacy of PFCOCs at 2,600 m above sea level is reduced, and altitude must be taken into account when PFCOCs are used.
Isolation and Functionality Testing of Low Molecular Weight Glutenin Subunits (1998)

ABSTRACT Various protein fractionation techniques have been applied to the isolation and purification of milligram quantities of low molecular weight glutenin subunits (LMW‐GS). No single technique was applicable to the purification of the majority of the subunits. Partial purification of certain LMW‐GS was obtained using ion‐exchange chromatography and reversedphase HPLC. Preparations containing α‐ and γ‐type subunit sequences did not strengthen dough when incorporated into a base flour, whereas preparations containing a subunit with an N‐terminal methionine residue (METSHIPGL‐) did. Using preparative isoelectric focusing over a narrow pH range, it was possible to purify (to ≈90% purity) a B subunit that also had the N‐terminal sequence of METSHIPGL‐. This polypeptide, when incorporated into a base flour, had a dough strengthening effect in mixing trials, but less so than an equivalent amount of a high molecular weight glutenin subunit.
Model for Protein Kinase A Type RIα Tetrameric Holoenzyme (2010)

Protein kinase A holoenzyme contains two Catalytic (C) and two Regulatory (R) subunits, which dimerize through their N‐terminus Dimerization/Docking (D/D) domains. R‐subunit isoforms are highly conserved; the most divergent region lies at the linker connecting the D/D domain and the two tandem cAMP binding domains. Binding of four cAMP molecules to the R‐subunit dimer leads to significant structural changes that lead to the activation of the kinase. This process is highly cooperative in the tetrameric holoenzyme but the cooperativity is significantly reduced in the heterodimer which lacks the D/D domain and the linker. To understand the role of the linker region, we solved the structure of a PKA RIα(73–244)/C heterodimer, which contains the first cAMP binding domain and most of the linker. The overall structure is very similar to the previously solved RIα(91–244)/C heterodimer complex, however, the new structure allowed observation of 7 more residues (84–90) in the linker. Interestingly, this linker region docks to another symmetry related heterodimer, suggesting that one R‐subunit not only binds to one C‐subunit at multiple sites within the heterodimer but also cross‐talks with another heterodimer through the linker region when the tetrameric complex is formed. The β4‐β5 loop of the R‐subunit and the Y 235 PPPFF 239 of the C‐subunit, which links αF and αG and is where PKI binds are also involved in this cross‐talk. By integrating small angle X‐ray/neutron scattering, molecular interface free‐energy calculations and other data, a model of RIα/C tetrameric complex is proposed.
Studies on the mechanism of bacterial resistance to complement-mediated killing. I. Terminal complement components are deposited and released from salmonella minnesota S218 without causing bacterial death (1982)

The mechanism of resistance of gram-negative bacteria to killing by complement was investigated. Complement consumption and uptake of purified, radiolabeled complement components on bacteria was studied using a serum- sensitive and a serum-resistant strain of Salmonella minnesota. Twice as many molecules of (125)I C3 were bound per colony-forming unit (CFU) of the smooth, serum-resistant S. minnesota S218 as were bound per CFU of the rough, serum-sensitive S. minnesota Re595 in 10 percent pooled normal human serum (PNHS), although 75-80 percent of C3 was consumed by both organisms. Hemolytic titrations documented total consumption of C9 by 5 min and more than 95 percent consumption of C5 and C7 by 15 min in the reaction with S218 with 10 percent PNHS. In contrast, negligible C5 depletion, 10 percent C7 consumption, and only a 26 percent decrease in C9 titer occurred with the serum-sensitive Re595. Binding of (125)I C5, (125)I C7, and (125)I C9 to S218 and Re595 was measured in 10 percent PNHS. A total of 6,600 molecules C5/CFU, 5,200 molecules C7/CFU, and 3,100 molecules C9/CFU bound to S218 after 5-10 min of incubation at 37 degrees C, but 50-70 percent of the C5, C7, and C9 bound to S218 was released from the organism during incubation at 37 degrees C for 60 min. Binding of 2,000 molecules C5/CFU, 1,900 molecules C7/CFU, and 9,000 molecules C9/CFU to Re595 was achieved by 20 min and was stable. The ratio of bound C9 molecules to bound C7 molecules, measured using (131)I C9 and (125)I C7, was constant for both organisms after 15 min and was 4.3:1 on Re595 and 0.65:1 on S218 in 10 percent PNHS. With addition of increasing amounts of purified, unlabeled (29 to 10 percent PNHS, there was no change in the C9:C7 ratio on Re595. However, with S218 there was a linear increase of the C9:C7 ratio, which approached the ratio on Re595. There was no (14)C release from S218 incubated in PNHS, nor was there evidence by electron microscopy of outer membrane damage to S218. Therefore, S. minnesota S218 is resistant to killing by PNHS, despite the fact that the organism consumes terminal complement components efficiently and that terminal components are deposited on the surface in significant amounts. The C5b-9 complex is released from the surface of S218 without causing lethal outer membrane damage.
Inhibition of DNA Topoisomerase II Selectively Reduces the Threat of Tumorigenicity Following Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based Myocardial Therapy (2014)

The advent of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology creates new opportunities for transplant-based therapeutic strategies. The potential for clinical translation is currently hindered by the risk of dysregulated cell growth. Pluripotent stem cells reprogrammed by three-factor (Sox2, Klf, and Oct4) and four-factor (Sox2, Klf, Oct4, and c-Myc) strategies result in the capacity for teratogenic growth from residual pluripotent progeny upon in vivo transplantation. However, these pluripotent stem cells also have a stage-specific hypersensitivity to DNA-damaging agents that may allow separation of lineage-specific therapeutic subpopulation of cells. We aimed to demonstrate the selective effect of DNA topoisomerase II inhibitor, etoposide, in eliminating pluripotent cells in the early cardiac progenitor population thus decreasing the effect of teratoma formation. Immunodeficient murine hearts were infarcted and received implantation of a therapeutic dose of cardiac progenitors derived from partially differentiated iPSCs. Etoposide-treated cell implantation reduced mass formation in the intracardiac and extracardiac chest cavity compared with the same dose of iPSC-derived cardiac progenitors in the control untreated group. In vivo bioluminescence imaging confirmed the localization and engraftment of transplanted cells in the myocardium postinjection in both groups. Comparatively, the equivalent cell population without etoposide treatment demonstrated a greater incidence and size of teratoma formation. Hence, pretreatment with genotoxic etoposide significantly lowered the threat of teratogenicity by purging the contaminating pluripotent cells, establishing an adjunctive therapy to further harness the clinical value of iPSC-derived cardiac regeneration.
Piborectoplasty: New Technique for the Repair of Fecal Incontinence (1991)

A new technique for the treatment of fecal incontinence is presented. It was practiced in 31 patients with incontinence of formed stools. Incontinence was idiopathic in 21 patients and traumatic with excessive loss of sphincteric muscle in 10. Manometric and electromyographic studies were performed before and after the operation. The procedure comprises the fashioning of a curvilinear incision between rectal neck orifice and coccyx. The supralevator region is entered. A Teflon sling 20 × 2 cm is sutured at its middle to upper part of the rectal neck (anal canal). The 2 limbs of the sling are then withdrawn forward through 2 incisions on both pubic rami and are sutured to the pubic bone. Good results have been achieved in 83.8%. The continent effect of the operation is related to increase of rectal neck pressure and possible rectal neck elongation. The operation is indicated in fecal incontinence, particularly of the idiopathic type and traumatic injuries with excessive sphincteric loss. It is simple, easy and was done under no cover of colostomy.
Processing web-scale multimedia data (2010)

The Internet brings us access to multimedia databases with billions of data instances. The massive amount of data available to researchers and application developers brings both opportunities and challenges. In particular, massive amount of data makes data-driven approach feasible, but at the same time, it demands scalable algorithms.
Effect of Inserting a Pt Layer into a Perpendicularly Magnetized Co/Ni Multilayered Film in Terms of Current-Induced Domain Wall Motion (2012)

The effect of inserting a Pt layer into a Co/Ni multilayered film with a perpendicular magnetization in terms of current-induced magnetic domain wall (DW) motion has been investigated. We found that the current density required to obtain DW motion was approximately 1.9 times greater in Co/Ni/Pt wire than in Co/Ni wire, in spite of the Co/Ni and Co/Ni/Pt multilayered films having almost identical magnetic properties. Estimation of spin polarization from measurements of DW velocity indicated that the decreased spin polarization caused by insertion of the Pt layers accounts for the increased current density required for DW motion in Co/Ni/Pt wire.
OR PRACTICE—Scheduling of Dynamic In-Game Advertising (2011)

Dynamic in-game advertising is a new form of advertising in which ads are served to video game consoles in real time over the Internet. We present a model for the in-game ad-scheduling problem faced by Massive Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Microsoft, and a leading global network provider of in-game ad space. Our model has two components: (1) a linear program (solved periodically) establishes target service rates, and (2) a real-time packing heuristic (run whenever a player enters a new level) tracks these service rates. We benchmark our model against Massive's legacy algorithm: When tested on historical data, we observe (1) an 80%–87% reduction in make-good costs (depending on forecast accuracy), and (2) a shift in the age distribution of served ad space, leaving more premium inventory open for future sales. As a result of our work, Massive has increased the number of unique individuals that see each campaign by, on average, 26% per week and achieved 33% smoother campaign delivery as measured by standard deviation of hourly impressions served.
Selective oxidation of aldehydes to carboxylic acids with sodium chlorite-hydrogen peroxide (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelective oxidation of aldehydes to carboxylic acids with sodium chlorite-hydrogen peroxideEnrico Dalcanale and Fernando MontanariCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 4, 567–569Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00354a037https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00354a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views11925Altmetric-Citations461LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Imaging Modalities for Low Back Pain in Children (2013)

Mechanical low back pain is common in adolescents and in most cases is undiagnosed; most require no imaging and ≤2 office visits. For spondylolysis, 2-view plain films are often diagnostic and oblique views did not add significant value. Advanced imaging increases diagnostic accuracy, but adds to the cost and considerable radiation exposure. Because diagnosis of spondylolysis rarely changes clinical management, physicians should use ionizing radiation studies sparingly in children.
The Influence of the Anastomosis Angle on the Hemodynamics in the Distal Anastomosis in the Infrainguinal Bypass: an In Vitro Study (2016)

The geometric shape of the distal anastomosis in an infrainguinal bypass has an influence on its durability. In this article, we compared three different angles of the anastomosis with regard to the hemodynamics. Three experimental models of the distal infrainguinal anastomosis with angles of 25°, 45°, and 60° respectively were constructed according to the similarity theory to assess flow in the anastomoses using particle image velocimetry and computational fluid dynamics. In the toe, heel, and floor of the anastomosis that correspond to the locations worst affected by intimal hyperplasia, adverse blood flow and wall shear stress were observed in the 45° and 60° models. In the 25° model, laminar blood flow was apparent more peripherally from the anastomosis. In conclusions, decreasing the distal anastomosis angle in a femoropopliteal bypass results in more favorable hemodynamics including the flow pattern and wall shear stress in locations susceptible to intimal hyperplasia.
CysB Negatively Affects the Transcription of pqsR and Pseudomonas Quinolone Signal Production in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2015)

The production of PQS and other 4-hydroxy-2-alkylquinolone (HAQs) compounds is a key component of the P. aeruginosa cell-to-cell signaling network, impacts multiple physiological functions, and is required for virulence. PqsR directly regulates the genes necessary for HAQ production, but little is known about the regulation of pqsR. We identified CysB as a novel regulator of pqsR and PQS production, but, unlike other CysB-controlled genes, it does not appear to regulate pqsR in response to cysteine. This implies that CysB functions as both a cysteine-responsive and cysteine-unresponsive regulator in P. aeruginosa.
High-throughput data compressor designs using content addressable memory (1995)

The paper presents a novel VLSI architecture for high-speed data compressor designs which implement the well known LZ77 algorithm. The architecture mainly consists of three units, namely, content addressable memory, match-logic unit, and output-stage unit. The content-address-memory unit generates a set of hits signals which identify those positions whose symbols in a specified window are the same as the input symbol. These hits signals are then passed to the match-logic unit which determines both match length and location to form the kernel of compressed data. These two items are then passed to the output-stage unit for packetisation before being sent out. Simulation results show that, based on a 0.8 µm CMOS process technology, a clock speed of up to 50 MHz can be achieved for a VLSI design containing a 2 K buffer size. This implies that the developing data compressor chip can handle many real-life applications, such as in high-speed data storage and networking systems.
New Oxonium Halochalcogenates(Iv) and -(II) (1998)

The reported novel compounds [H3O·(dibenzo-18-crown-6)][Te2Br9], [H5O2][Te2Cl9]·2C4H8O2 and [H5O2·(bis-dibromo-dibenzo-24-crown-8)]2[Se3Br8] highlight the large structural and chemical variety of halogen chalcogen chemistry. Both [Te2X9]− anions (X = Cl, Br) consist of one square pyramidal TeX5 fragment connected to a TeX6 octahedron by a common edge. The linear [Se3Br8]2− anion is built by three square planar SeBr4-fragments. The three counterions offer a convenient possibility for controlled synthesis of supramolecular oxonium systems.
Self-Optimizing Mechanisms for EMF Reduction in Heterogeneous Networks (2014)

This paper focuses on the exposure to Radio Frequency (RF) Electromagnetic Fields (EMF) and on optimization methods to reduce it. Within the FP7 LEXNET project, an Exposure Index (EI) has been defined that aggregates the essential components that impact exposure to EMF. The EI includes, among other, downlink (DL) exposure induced by the base stations (BSs) and access points, the uplink (UL) exposure induced by the devices in communication, and the corresponding exposure time. Motivated by the EI definition, this paper develops stochastic approximation based self-optimizing algorithm that dynamically adapts the network to reduce the EI in a heterogeneous network with macro- and small cells. It is argued that the increase of the small cells' coverage can, to a certain extent, reduce the EI, but above a certain limit, will deteriorate DL QoS. A load balancing algorithm is formulated that adapts the small cell' coverage based on UL loads and a DL QoS indicator. The proof of convergence of the algorithm is provided and its performance in terms of EI reduction is illustrated through extensive numerical simulations.
Efficient optical parametric oscillation based on periodically poled 1.0 mol % MgO-doped stoichiometric LiTaO3 (2004)

Effective optical parametric oscillation (OPO) at room temperature was demonstrated by a periodically poled 1.0 mol% MgO-doped stoichiometric lithium tantalate (Mg:SLT) crystal. The slope conversion efficiency of total output power was ∼65% and the maximum output power was 655 mW at 1.3 W pumping without photorefraction. The difference of the OPO performance was investigated between 0.5 and 1.0 mol % Mg:SLT crystals, and a 1.0 mol % MgO-doped device exhibited better OPO performance and high resistance of photorefraction. The effective nonlinear coefficient of deff was found to be 10pm∕V by single-pass first-order quasiphase matched second-harmonic generation at 1064 nm.