gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the Existence of Designer Magnetic Superatoms (2013)

The quantum states in small, compact metal clusters are bunched into electronic shells with electronic orbitals resembling those in atoms, enabling classification of stable clusters as superatoms. The filling of superatomic orbitals, however, does not generally follow Hund's rule, and it has been proposed that magnetic superatoms can be stabilized by doping simple metal clusters with magnetic atoms. Here, we present evidence of the existence of a magnetic superatom and the determination of its spin moment. Our approach combines first principles studies with negative ion photoelectron experiments and enables a unique identification of the ground state and spin multiplicity. The studies indicate VNa8 to be a magnetic superatom with a filled d-subshell and a magnetic moment of 5.0 μB. Its low electron affinity is consistent with filled subshell and enhanced stability. The synthesis of this species opens the pathway to investigate the spin-dependent electronics of the new magnetic motifs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Indolo[3,2‐c]quinoline and Pyrido[3′,2′:4,5][3,2‐c]quinoline Derivatives. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
High‐Performance and Industrially Viable Nanostructured SiOx Layers for Interface Passivation in Thin Film Solar Cells (2021)

Ultrathin Solar Cells In article number 2000534, José M. V. Cunha and co-workers applied two SiOx passivation architectures in ultrathin CIGS solar cells. Both passivation approaches resulted in devices with a higher performance compared to a reference non-passivated device. The potential to use SiOx as passivation material, deposited by a high throughput industrial technique based in microelectronics processing, yields promising results towards high-performance low-cost ultrathin CIGS solar cells.
High XBP1 expression is a marker of better outcome in multiple myeloma patients treated with bortezomib (2014)

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic tumor characterized by accumulation of monoclonal plasma cells (PCs) in the bone marrow (BM) producing antigen-specific immunoglobulins. The transcription factor X box binding protein 1 (XBP1), the interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) and the transcriptional repressor B lymphocite-induced maturation protein 1 (BLIMP1) are essential to drive physiological plasmacytic differentiation. 1,2 XBP1 is particularly required for the last stages of B-cell differentiation into PC, and, consistently, XBP1-deficient mice display normal Blymphocite development up to germinal center, but are unable to produce PCs. 2 High mRNA levels of IRF4, BLIMP1 and XBP1 have been detected in malignant PC and are negative prognostic factors in patients treated with standard chemotherapy or thalidomide. Lenalidomide seems to overcome the negative prognostic impact of IRF4 overexpression, due to its rapid downregulation following treatment. Bortezomib induces better responses in patients with high levels of XBP1. assessed the prognostic role of gene-driven plasmacytic differentiation in a large cohort of patients treated with bortezomib. RNA expression of three genes involved in PCs differentiation was investigated in purified PCs (CD138 + BM fraction) of well-characterized patients with newly diagnosed MM. One hundred and fifty-one patients enrolled in two multicenter clinical trials (the PAD-MEL100-LP-L and the VMP-VMPT) were assessed. 7,8 PCs were purified using anti-CD138-coated magnetic MicroBeads and AutoMACS Pro Separator (Miltenyi Biotech GmbH, Germany) following manufacturer specifications. Gene expression was investigated on isolated PCs with more than 90% of purity assessed by flow cytometry. RNA was extracted using the DNA/RNA Purification Kit (Norgen, Thorold, Canada). Complementary DNA was produced using High capacity cDNA RT Kit (Applied Biosytem, Foster Ciy, CA, USA). Quantitative PCR to measure RNA expression of XBP1, IRF4 and BLIMP1 was performed with the Abi Prism 7900HT (Applied Biosystems, Carlsbad, CA, USA) using a relative quantification based on Ct approach and GUSB (b-glucuronidase) as housekeeping gene. All RNA determinations were performed using the following assays: Hs00231936_m1 (XBP1), Hs01056533_m1 (IRF4), Hs00153357_m1 (BLIMP1). Patients were divided accord-
The electrostatic properties of insulating sheets close to a conductor: a review (2002)

Dielectric sheets and films are used in various forms in a large number of industrial applications. The important electrostatic properties of such sheets are reviewed to highlight the significance of the surface potential, the electric field within and adjacent to the sheet and the electric energy stored. Selected industrial examples in the fields of electrophotography, electrostatic painting and materials handling are discussed. A case study of a specific industrial problem involving charge retention on plastic boxes treated in an AC corona discharge is described.
Methods for critically assessing old and for estimating new organic gas-phase neutral and ion thermochemical data. A user’s guide (2014)

A broad, general understanding of the relationships between chemical structures and their various energies is of primary importance when assessing the validity of an energy derived from experiment or computation. This review is intended to provide guidance and advice for scientists seeking data for standard enthalpies of formation (ΔfH0) and ionisation energies (IE) for a wide variety of organic compounds and ΔfH0 values for their odd- and even-electron cations. The major reference sources are critically reviewed and methods are described for the accurate estimation of ΔfH0 of neutral compounds and correlation schemes for IE, proton affinities (PA) and ΔfH0 values for odd- and even-electron positive ions. ΔfH0 data for neutral organics are well reproduced by the additivity method and up-to-date tables of group values are provided, as well as directions for their application. Free radical ΔfH0 values are also reported. The situation for odd-electron cations (molecular ions) is not as simple, but reliable correlations exist between adiabatic ionisation energies (IEa) and molecular size, particularly for closely related species such as homologues, where IEa falls linearly with 1/n, n being the number of atoms. The same relationship obtains for PA. The ΔfH0 values for even-electron cations (ionised free radicals) also display useful correlations, chiefly based on the effects of substitution at a charge site, localised or delocalised. Here the relationship is exponential, with ΔfH0(Ion) being a linear function of ln(n). A separate brief guide, intended for users of the NIST WebBook seeking molecular ΔfH0 values and IE, is appended.
Recycling and Oligomerization Activity of Ni/Al Catalyst in a Biphasic System with Ionic Liquids (2016)

Abstract The catalyst decomposition in homogeneously catalyzed reactions is a very important factor that has been studied for the oligomerization of n ‐butenes in a system of two liquid phases. A highly active catalyst [NiCl 2 (PMe 3 ) 2 ] was investigated with an emphasis on the long‐term catalyst activity using N ‐methylpyrrole as a buffer. The recycling experiments indicated that this catalyst is viable for five runs. Furthermore, introducing aluminum chloride or an ionic liquid in small concentrations led to increased stability, though fine adjustments were necessary to arrive at optimal results.
Effect of temperature on ethanol conversion over the surface of Zr-modified zeolite ZSM-5 (2016)

Abstract In this paper, we have shown modification of high-silicon zeolite ZSM-5 by zirconium, and the results of ethanol conversion on this catalyst. Effect of process parameters on the selectivity of ethanol dehydration products was analyzed. In addition, a mechanism of aromatic hydrocarbons formation including reactions of dehydrogenation, dehydrocyclization and alkylation of intermediates was discussed. It was found that with increasing temperature a selectivity decreased for reactions of isomerization and increased selectivity for aromatic products and products of cracking reactions. The data also confirms that hexene-1 is an intermediate in the conversion process of ethanol and the catalyst system with 1% Zr-ZSM-5 has a bi-functionality. Catalytic properties of the system in the conversion of hydrocarbons are determined by the presence on their surface of both Broensted and Lewis acid sites.
Co-Bi-Fe-Mo 다성분 혼합산화물 촉매의 구조특성이 프로필렌의 산화반응에 미치는 영향 (1999)

Co, Bi, Fe, Mo를 포함한 다성분 촉매가 프로필렌 산화반응에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 여러 종류의 촉매를 제조, 그 구조 특성을 BET, SEM, EPMA, ESCA 및 XRD로 살펴보고 반응특성과 연관지어 연구하였다. CM(Co, Mo 함유염의 공침) 경우 CoMoO₄ 단일상으로 구성되어 있으며 BFM(Co, Bi, Mo의 공침)의 경우 육각판상 형태의 MoO₃ 입자와 이 입자위에 α-Bi₂MO₃O_(12)(BM), Fe₂(MoO₄)₃(FM) 상이 작은입자로 분산된 혼합입자로 구성되어 있었다. CM/BFH(CM상을 전기 BFM 입자위에 공침법으로 담지시킴)은 MoO₃ 입자위에 CM, BM, FM이 작은 입자로 분산되었으나 BFM/CM(BFH을 CM 입자위에 공침 담지시킴)은 분산되지 못하고 CM과 BFM의 기계적 혼합물로 존재했다. CBFM 4성분(Co, Bi, Fe, Mo)공침촉매들은 성상이 CM/BFM 촉매와 비슷하였으나 CM 상이 더 잘게 분산되어 있고 이 작은 CM 입자위에 BM이 추가로 피복되어 있었다. 촉매활성은 물리적 혼합물<CM/BFM<BFM/CM<CBFM 순으로 증가하며, 앞의 3촉매는 촉매활성이 CM 함량 10무게% 미만에서 최대가 되었으나 CBFM촉매는 CM 함량이 증가함에 따라 활성도 계속 증가하였다. 반응활성에 영향을 주는 인자는 상간의 긴밀한 접촉과 함께 주 반응상인 BM상과 산소 활성화상인 CM의 분산이며 이중에서도 반응이 느린 BM상의 분산이 더욱 중요한 것으로 밝혀졌다.
Development of Conventional and Real-Time Nucleic Acid Sequence-Based Amplification Assays for Detection of Chlamydophila pneumoniae in Respiratory Specimens (2006)

Isothermal nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA) was applied to the detection of Chlamydophila pneumoniae 16S rRNA by using the NucliSens basic kit (bioMérieux, Boxtel, The Netherlands). The assay was originally developed as a conventional NASBA assay with electrochemiluminescence detection and was subsequently adapted to a real-time NASBA format by using a molecular beacon. C. pneumoniae RNA prepared from a plasmid construct was used to assess the analytical sensitivity of the assay. The sensitivity of the NASBA assay was 10 molecules of in vitro wild-type C. pneumoniae RNA and 0.1 inclusion-forming unit (IFU) of C. pneumoniae. In spiked respiratory specimens, the sensitivity of the C. pneumoniae NASBA assay varied between 0.1 and 1 IFU/100 mul sample, depending on the type of specimen. Finally, conventional and real-time NASBA were applied to respiratory specimens previously tested by PCR. A 100% concordance between the test results was obtained.
Synthetic Gene Involving Azobenzene-Tethered T7 Promoter for the Photocontrol of Gene Expression by Visible Light (2014)

In the present study, we demonstrate photoregulation of gene expression in a cell-free translation system from a T7 promoter containing two azobenzene derivatives at specific positions. As photoswitches, we prepared azobenzene-4'-carboxlyic acid (Azo) and 2,6-dimethylazobenzene-4'-carboxylic acid (DM-Azo), which were isomerized from trans to cis upon irradiation with UV light (λ < 370 nm), and 4-methylthioazobenzene-4'-carboxylic acid (S-Azo) and 2,6-dimethyl-4-(methylthio)azobenzene-4'-carobxylic acid (S-DM-Azo), which were cis-isomerized by irradiation with 400 nm visible light. Expression of green fluorescent protein from a promoter modified with S-Azo or S-DM-Azo could be induced by harmless visible light whereas that from a promoter modified with Azo or DM-Azo was induced only by UV light (340-360 nm). Thus, efficient photoregulation of green fluorescent protein production was achieved in a cell-free translation system with visible light without photodamage.
Елецтриц анд магнетиц пропертиес оф хеxаборидес оф раре еартх металс оxидизед то тхе дивалент стате (1974)

International audience
Differential Myocardial Gene Delivery by Recombinant Serotype-Specific Adeno-associated Viral Vectors (2021)

AbstractRecombinant cross-packaging of adeno-associated virus (AAV) genome of one serotype into other AAV serotypes has the potential to optimize tissue-specific gene transduction and expression in the heart. To evaluate the role of AAV1 to 5 virion shells on AAV2 transgene transduction, we constructed hybrid vectors in which each serotype capsid coding domain was cloned into a common vector backbone containing AAV2 replication genes. Constructs were tested for expression in: (1) adult murine heart in vivo using direct injection of virus, (2) neonatal and adult murine ventricular cardiomyocytes in vitro, and (3) adult human ventricular cardiomyocytes in vitro, using green fluorescent protein (GFP) as the measurable transgene. Serotype 1 virus demonstrated the highest transduction efficiency in adult murine cardiomyocytes both in vitro and in vivo, while serotype 2 virus had the greater transduction efficiency in neonatal cardiomyocytes in vitro. Prolonged in vivo myocardial GFP expression was observed for up to 12 months using serotype 1 and 2 vectors only. In human cardiomyocytes, serotype 1 vector was superior in transduction efficiency, followed by types 2, 5, 4, and 3. These data establish a hierarchy for efficient serotype-specific vector transduction in myocardial tissue. AAV1 serotype packaging results in more efficient transduction of genes in the murine and human adult heart, compared to other AAV serotypes. Our results suggest that adult human cardiac gene therapy may be enhanced by the use of serotype 1-specific AAV vectors.
Low crosstalk and low loss 2×2 thermo-opticdigital optical switch using silicone resin waveguides (2000)

The authors have developed a 2×2 digital optical switch (DOS) composed of four 1×2 DOS elements using silicone resin waveguides. The 2×2 DOS operated with a switching power of 380 mW, a very low crosstalk of less than –60 dB, and a low insertion loss of less than 2.5 dB at 1.55 µm.
Low dose fractionated radiation enhances the radiosensitization effect of paclitaxel in colorectal tumor cells with mutant p53 (2000)

The results of the current study suggested that multifractionated radiation given at very low doses after exposure of cells to paclitaxel conferred a potent radiation sensitizing effect irrespective of p53 status.
High Efficiency and High Open Circuit Voltage in Quasi 2D Perovskite Based Solar Cells (2016)

An important property of hybrid layered perovskite is the possibility to reduce its dimensionality to provide wider band gap and better stability. In this work, 2D perovskite of the structure (PEA) 2 (MA) n –1 Pb n Br 3 n +1 has been sensitized, where PEA is phenyl ethyl‐ammonium, MA is methyl‐ammonium, and using only bromide as the halide. The number of the perovskite layers has been varied ( n ) from n = 1 through n = ∞. Optical and physical characterization verify the layered structure and the increase in the band gap. The photovoltaic performance shows higher open circuit voltage ( V oc ) for the quasi 2D perovskite (i.e., n = 40, 50, 60) compared to the 3D perovskite. V oc of 1.3 V without hole transport material (HTM) and V oc of 1.46 V using HTM have been demonstrated, with corresponding efficiency of 6.3% and 8.5%, among the highest reported. The lower mobility and transport in the quasi 2D perovskites have been proved effective to gain high V oc with high efficiency, further supported by ab initio calculations and charge extraction measurements. Bromide is the only halide used in these quasi 2D perovskites, as mixing halides have recently revealed instability of the perovskite structure. These quasi 2D materials are promising candidates for use in optoelectronic applications that simultaneously require high voltage and high efficiency.
ChemInform Abstract: Electron Impact Induced Loss of C‐5/C‐8 Substituents of 1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydroisoquinolines. Part 6. Synthesis and Mass Spectrometric Fragmentation of Dihydroindole Derivatives. (1990)

Abstract Starting with indole‐4‐carboxaldehyde (I), the dihydroindoles (VI) are synthesized as outlined in the reaction scheme.
A Point-Source Outbreak of Campylobacteriosis Associated with Consumption of Raw Milk (1985)

After a one-day field trip to a Minnesota farm, 22 (45%) of 49 third-grade students and three (14%) of 21 adult chaperones developed campylobacteriosis. Campylobacter jejuni was isolated from specimens of 13 children and one asymptomatic adult. Illness was associated with the consumption of raw milk during a picnic lunch (odds ratio = 41.0, P less than .0001) and participation in hand milking of cows (odds ratio = 37.5, less than .0001). Two additional findings implicated consumption of raw milk as the vehicle for transmission. First, the odds ratio for illness among those who drank raw milk and did not milk cows was 11.8 (P less than .01), whereas the odds ratio for illness among those who milked cows but did not drink raw milk was only 1.2 (P greater than .02). Second, there was a dose-response relation between the occurrence of illness and the quantity of raw milk consumed (P less than .0001). Neither the median incubation period nor duration of illness was related to the amount of milk consumed. All persons with a stool culture positive for C. jejuni excreted the organism for at least two weeks, but less than six weeks. No secondary cases of illness were documented.
Isolation and partial characterization of a vitamin K-dependent carboxylase from bovine aortae (1987)

Vitamin K-dependent carboxylase activity has been demonstrated in the crude microsomal fraction of the intima of bovine aortae. The procedure for the isolation of vessel wall carboxylase is a slight modification of the general preparation procedure for tissue microsomes. The highest activity of the non-hepatic enzyme was observed at 25 degrees C and hardly any NADH-dependent vitamin K reductase could be demonstrated. The optimal reaction conditions for both vessel wall as well as liver carboxylase were similar: 0.1 M-NaCl/0.05 M-Tris/HCl, pH 7.4, containing 8 mM-dithiothreitol, 0.4% 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulphonic acid (CHAPS), 0.4 mM-vitamin K hydroquinone and 2 M-(NH4)2SO4. Warfarin inhibits the hepatic and non-hepatic carboxylase/reductase enzyme complex more or less to a similar degree. We have measured the apparent Km values for the following substrates: Phe-Leu-Glu-Glu-Leu ('FLEEL'), decarboxylated osteocalcin, decarboxylated fragment 13-29 from descarboxyprothrombin and decarboxylated sperm 4-carboxyglutamic acid-containing (Gla-)protein. The results obtained demonstrated that liver and vessel wall carboxylase may be regarded as isoenzymes with different substrate specificities. The newly discovered enzyme is the first vitamin K-dependent carboxylase which shows an absolute substrate specificity: FLEEL and decarboxylated osteocalcin were good substrates for vessel wall carboxylase, but decarboxylated fragment 13-29 and decarboxylated sperm Gla-protein were not carboxylated at all.
The Mott-semiconducting state in the magic angle bilayer graphene (2019)

Using non-perturbative theoretical method, we address the problem of strong correlations in twisted bilayer-layer graphene at the magic angle. We concentrate on the solution without symmetry breaking, where conventional Mott insulating state is expected for all integer fillings. At Coulomb repulsion corresponding to dielectric constant $\varepsilon\approx 5$ and several integer fillings we find a Mott-semiconducting state, which simultaneously hosts the Mott state, and inside the Mott gap, a second much smaller semiconduting gap. The presence of these Mott-ingap states, which are located at the $Γ$ point, makes the Mott state strongly temperature dependent and leads to a bad-metal phase at elevated temperatures. The system is insulating at the charge neutrality point and at even fillings away from it.
Neuro-what? Which neuroscience products should you take seriously? (2018)

Purpose Discovery in the field of neuroscience is rapid and keeping pace can be overwhelming. This paper aims to summarize the history of how the field has developed and provides seven key questions you should ask when assessing the validity of “neuro” products and services. Design/methodology/approach This paper is based on the author’s five decades of experience as a neuroscientist. Findings Developments in neuroscience can assist organizations to deliver more effective OD and learning and development (L&amp;D) interventions. It is, however, critical to identify well-researched and evidenced products and services. Originality/value Neuroscience is developing at a high speed our understanding of the brain. This paper provides L&amp;D professionals with a set of principles on which to assess the voracity of what they are offered, to sort the wheat from the chaff.
Flexional Effects in Bridged Bicyclic Molecules Progressive Flattening of Chair Cyclohexane (1970)

Abstract Measures of the progressive flattening of the chair conformation in a series of constrained cyclohexanols are obtained and compared by proton NMR. coupling constants and by molecular mechanics.
Secreted trophic factors of mesenchymal stem cells support neurovascular and musculoskeletal therapies (2016)

Adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a subject of intense experimental and biomedical interest. Recently, trophic activities of MSCs have become the topic of a number of revealing studies that span both basic and clinical fields. In this review, we focus on recent investigations that have elucidated trophic mechanisms and shed light on MSC clinical efficacy relevant to musculoskeletal applications. Innate differences due to MSC sourcing may play a role in the clinical utility of isolated MSCs. Pain management, osteochondral, nerve, or blood vessel support by MSCs derived from both autologous and allogeneic sources have been examined. Recent mechanistic insights into the trophic activities of these cells point to ultimate regulation by nitric oxide, nuclear factor-kB, and indoleamine, among other signaling pathways. Classic growth factors and cytokines-such as VEGF, CNTF, GDNF, TGF-β, interleukins (IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8), and C-C ligands (CCL-2, CCL-5, and CCL-23)-serve as paracrine control molecules secreted or packaged into extracellular vesicles, or exosomes, by MSCs. Recent studies have also implicated signaling by microRNAs contained in MSC-derived exosomes. The response of target cells is further regulated by their microenvironment, involving the extracellular matrix, which may be modified by MSC-produced matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitor of MMPs. Trophic activities of MSCs, either resident or introduced exogenously, are thus intricately controlled, and may be further fine-tuned via implant material modifications. MSCs are actively being investigated for the repair and regeneration of both osteochondral and other musculoskeletal tissues, such as tendon/ligament and meniscus. Future rational and effective MSC-based musculoskeletal therapies will benefit from better mechanistic understanding of MSC trophic activities, for example using analytical "-omics" profiling approaches.