gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
LASERS: CO2 Laser Blepharoplasty A Comparison with Cold‐Steel Surgery (1992)

This study compares and contrasts the use of the CO2 laser with the conventional cold-steel scalpel and electrocautery in cosmetic blepharoplasty. Ten patients underwent bilateral, upper, and lower eyelid cosmetic blepharoplasty using the CO2 laser as the exclusive cutting and cauterizing instrument for one eye, and the cold-steel scalpel and electrocautery as the exclusive cutting instrument and cauterizing tool for the remaining eye. This comparison evaluated administrative factors, procedural ease, and long- and short-term results. The benefits of using the CO2 laser rather than the cold-steel scalpel in blepharoplasty are reduced operative time, less bleeding, superior intraoperative visibility, less bruising and swelling, no pain or discomfort, and a shorter recuperation period. There were no complications with either the scalpel or the laser. Using the laser with standard safety protocols presents no greater risk to the patients undergoing blepharoplasty than does using the cold steel scalpel with an electrocautery device. The disadvantages of using the laser compared with the steel scalpel include the cost of purchasing and maintaining the laser equipment, the need for additional and extensive laser training for surgeons and assistants, and the need for two assistants rather than the one needed for scalpel surgery.
Bound residues of veterinary drugs: bioavailability and toxicological implications. (1981)

Basic considerations dealing with the biological significance of drug residues and safety evaluation are studied. The specific problem of covalently bound residues is considered from three different points of view. (1) Analytical characteristics clearly distinguish between soluble residues, which deplete relatively fast, and bound material which is slowly eliminated from edible tissues of target animals. (2) These two residual fractions have not the same bioavailability. (3) Finally, toxicity assessment of bound residues is considered.
Vulnerability of Human Cerebellar Neurons to Degeneration in Ataxia-Causing Channelopathies (2022)

Mutations in ion channel genes underlie a number of human neurological diseases. Historically, human mutations in ion channel genes, the so-called channelopathies, have been identified to cause episodic disorders. In the last decade, however, mutations in ion channel genes have been demonstrated to result in progressive neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders in humans, particularly with ion channels that are enriched in the cerebellum. This was unexpected given prior rodent ion channel knock-out models that almost never display neurodegeneration. Human ataxia-causing channelopathies that result in even haploinsufficiency can result in cerebellar atrophy and cerebellar Purkinje neuron loss. Rodent neurons with ion channel loss-of-function appear to, therefore, be significantly more resistant to neurodegeneration compared to human neurons. Fundamental differences in susceptibility of human and rodent cerebellar neurons in ataxia-causing channelopathies must therefore be present. In this review, we explore the properties of human neurons that may contribute to their vulnerability to cerebellar degeneration secondary to ion channel loss-of-function mutations. We present a model taking into account the known allometric scaling of neuronal ion channel density in humans and other mammals that may explain the preferential vulnerability of human cerebellar neurons to degeneration in ataxia-causing channelopathies. We also speculate on the vulnerability of cerebellar neurons to degeneration in mouse models of spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) where ion channel transcript dysregulation has recently been implicated in disease pathogenesis.
On the Consequences of a Highly Fragmented European Patent System (2010)

This chapter examines the economic impact of Europe's fragmented patent system. It shows that national jurisdictions ultimately prevail in the validation and enforcement of patents, which reduces its attractiveness and the trust that applicants have in the system. The chapter begins by summarizing the results of simulations by van Pottelsberghe and Mejer (2010) on the cost of patent protection in Europe. It then investigates the different ways of managing and enforcing patents in Europe. It describes litigation systems in place in four European countries and in the United States. It considers three case studies that illustrate the incongruities induced by the European patent system in its currently fragmented form.
Dengue Virus Multiplication in Cultures of Mouse Peritoneal Macrophages: Effects of Macrophage Activators (1982)

Dengue-2 virus multiplied in cultures of methylcellulose-induced peritoneal macrophages of BALB/c mice. The in vitro-cultivated macrophages from dengue-1 virus-immune mice produced larger amounts of dengue-2 virus than did those from nonimmune controls. The effect of macrophage activators was examined by using nonimmune macrophages. Enhanced virus production was demonstrated in cultures of macrophagges pretreated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The number of virus-infected cells in the pretreated cultures was estimated to be about 0.01% or less of the total macrophages. Continuous treatment of macrophages with PHA before and after virus inoculation brought about the most marked enhancement of dengue-2 virus multiplication. On the other hand, treatment with concanavalin A or pokeweed mitogen showed little effect on the multiplication of the same virus. Treatment with carrageenan, a specific macrophage blocking agent, markedly suppressed dengue-2 virus production in both dengue-1 virus-immune macrophages and LPS-treated macrophages. The indirect fluorescent-antibody (FA) technique revealed dengue-2 viral antigen in the cytoplasm of infected macrophages, and the FA-positive macrophages were more numerous in PHA-treated cultures than in untreated controls. The results obtained are discussed in relation to a possible role of activated monocytes/macrophages in the pathogenesis of dengue hemorrhagic fever.
Uncovering Distributional Differences between Synonyms and Antonyms in a Word Space Model (2013)

For many NLP applications such as In-formation Extraction and Sentiment De-tection, it is of vital importance to distin-guish between synonyms and antonyms. While the general assumption is that dis-tributional models are not suitable for this task, we demonstrate that using suitable features, differences in the contexts of syn-onymous and antonymous German adjec-tive pairs can be identified with a simple word space model. Experimenting with two context settings (a simple window-based model and a ‘co-disambiguation model ’ to approximate adjective sense disambiguation), our best model signif-icantly outperforms the 50 % baseline and achieves 70.6 % accuracy in a syn-onym/antonym classification task. 1
Characterization of eigenpulses in a self-pulsating regenerative fiber cavity (2008)

We investigate how the temporal profile and peak power of the output eigenpulses from a self-pulsating regenerative fiber cavity can be controlled. We also demonstrate the generation of femtosecond pulses from this source.
Packaging and antenna design for wireless SAW temperature sensors in metallic environments (2009)

We have developed a radio frequency (RF) transponder based on a surface acoustic wave (SAW) device specifically optimized for wireless temperature measurement of rotating shafts. The SAW sensing element is a reflective delay line type with 3 reflectors. The main foci of the paper are on a new compact packaging, and on antenna simulations for 2.4 GHz radio signal transmission to the interrogator. The novel metallic packaging has been designed for smallest possible outer dimensions of 10.0 × 3.1 × 2.0 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> . In order to streamline the housing for insertion in a borehole, the electrical feedthroughs have been oriented in the longitudinal axis, contrary to the standard vertical axis approach. Antenna simulations were performed to find an optimized design tuned to the metallic surrounding. A slot antenna type was identified as best joint solution for the objectives radiation pattern and antenna gain.
Fertility of Transgenic Female Mice Expressing Bovine Growth Hormone or Human Growth Hormone Variant Genes1 (1991)

Although growth hormone (GH) exerts various direct and indirect stimulatory effects on gonadal development and function, excessive levels of GH in acromegalic patients and in transgenic animals are often associated with reproductive disorders. We have examined reproductive performance of transgenic female mice expressing the following hybrid genes: mouse metallothionein-1 (MT)/human placental GH variant (hGH.V), MT/bovine GH(bGH), and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK)/bGH. This allowed us to evaluate the effects of chronic GH excess in three animal models and to obtain some information on the significance of the lactogenic activity of the foreign GH (hGH.V vs. bGH) and on the developmental stage of transgene expression (MT vs. PEPCK). Transgenic animals from each line had elevated plasma insulin-like growth factor-I levels and greatly increased adult body weight. Plasma bGH levels were significantly higher in PEPCK/bGH than in MT/bGH transgenic mice. Approximately 20% of transgenic MT/hGH.V and MT/bGH females and over 60% of transgenic PEPCK/bGH females were infertile. Transgenic females that did reproduce ovulated either a normal or increased number of eggs but exhibited a variety of reproductive disorders including increased interval between pairing with a male and conception, increased interval between litters, reduced number of litters, reduced fetal growth, increased pre- and postnatal mortality, and alterations in sex ratio. Among adult offspring of these females, the proportion of transgenic animals was significantly less than the expected 50%. While some characteristics (e.g., fetal crown-rump length and weight on Day 14 of pregnancy) were affected to a comparable extent in transgenic females from all three lines, MT/hGH.V and PEPCK/bGH females were, in general, more severely affected than the MT/bGH animals. Sterility of PEPCK/bGH females appeared to be due to luteal failure since treatment with progesterone led to pregnancy. Greatly increased intervals between successive litters appeared to be due to failure to mate during postpartum estrus and to sterile matings during this period. Reduced fetal size and weight may have been due to chronic glucocorticoid excess because comparable changes could be induced in normal females by injections of dexamethasone during pregnancy, and plasma corticosterone levels were previously shown to be elevated in transgenic mice from each of these lines. Comparison of these results with data obtained from matings of normal female mice to transgenic males from the same lines suggests that reduced fetal growth is due primarily to maternal genotype, while reduced "transmission" of the hybrid genes is not, and presumably reflects increased mortality of transgenic progeny at various stages of development.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Transport properties of an ion implanted polydiacetylene (1985)

Using 150-keV 75As ion beam irradiation, the conductivity of poly [1.6-bis (N-carbazolyl)-2.4 hexadiyne] crystals is increased by more than 15 orders of magnitude with respect to the value for unimplanted material. dc resistivity measurements are performed in the temperature range 20 K&amp;lt;T&amp;lt;290 K and the results yield a functional form ρ(T)=ρ0 exp(T0/T)m with a temperature-dependent exponential factor 1/2&amp;lt;m&amp;lt;1, where m≂1 at high (T&amp;gt;190 K) temperatures and m≂1/2 at low (T&amp;lt;80 K) temperatures. Mechanisms of conduction are considered in terms of existing theoretical models.
Direct determination of lead in urban particulate material and lubricating oil with thin silver films electrically vaporized from membrane filters (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDirect determination of lead in urban particulate material and lubricating oil with thin silver films electrically vaporized from membrane filtersJ. M. Swan and R. D. SacksCite this: Anal. Chem. 1985, 57, 7, 1261–1264Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00284a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00284a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views30Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Concerning the efficacy of pathogen inactivation (2019)

Roger Dodd has accepted consulting fees and/or travel and honoraria from Grifols, Roche, Quotient, and Cerus.
Synthesis and properties of a highly fluorescent derivative of phosphatidylethanolamine (1978)

Properties of N-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole-phosphatidylethanolamine (NBD-PE), prepared by alkylation of the free amino group of phosphatidyl-ethanolamine with 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan (NBD-C1) are described. The alkylated product containing this fluorochromic group was purified by silicic acid chromatography and had a nitrogen/phosphorus ratio of 3.96 (4.0 theoretical). The NBD-PE was sparingly soluble in distilled water but freely soluble in organic solvents. Both the UV-visible absorption spectrum and the uncorrected fluorescence excitation spectrum of NBD-PE in absolute ethanol showed maxima at approximately 330 and 460 nm, while the fluorescence emission spectrum showed a single peak at 525 nm. Fluorescent intensity and emission maximum wavelength of NBD-PE are strongly dependent on the dielectric constant of the solvent. The fluorescent intensity of NBD-PE in absolute ethanol was directly proportional to its concentration from 1 ng/ml to approximately 3 µg/ml. This compound can be incorporated into phosphatidylcholine–dicetyl phosphate–cholesterol liposomes, rat brain synaptosomal particulate fraction, and human lymphocyte membranes. Incorporation of the derivative into rat liver mitochondrial membranes was facilitated by a postmitochondrial pH 5.1 supernatant fraction. These data indicate that NBD-PE might be a unique and effective probe for the phospholipid regions of membranes.
A PLACEBO CONTROLLED STUDY ON LUNG MECHANICS AFTER INTRA-AMNIOTIC INJECTION OF VEGF IN PRETERM RABBITS (2008)

Background Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is critical for angiogenesis, vasculogenesis and alveolar type II cell differentiation. We aimed to study the functional pulmonary effects of antenatal intra-amniotic VEGF administration in a preterm rabbit model. Methods At 26 d gestational age (GA; term = 31–32 d), 60 μg recombinant rat VEGF164 in 250 μL vehicle or 250 μL placebo were injected intra-amniotically. Unexposed littermates served as internal controls At 28 d GA, fetuses were harvested (11 VEGF, 10 placebo, 10 control) for morphologic assessment or ventilated (11VEGF, 9 placebo, 8 control) with a Flexivent (Scireq, Montreal) ventilator allowing measurement of total lung capacity, resistance, compliance. Morphologic assessment includes airway and vascular morphometry and immunohistochemistry for Sp B, Flk 1, apoptotic (caspase 3) and proliferative markers (PCNA). Results Lung mechanics as well as number of Flk-1 positive cells were higher in treated pups than in placebo and control animals (ANOVA p Conclusion Antenatal intra-amniotic injection of VEGF during the canalicular phase results in a significant improvement in lung mechanics and a higher number of Flk-1 positive cells at 28 d (saccular stage). This may be a new approach to improve lung maturation.
Activation of inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate receptors induces transient changes in cell shape of fertilized Xenopus eggs (1998)

Injection of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) into fertilized Xenopus eggs induced transient changes in cell shape. The region around the injected site contracted during the first 2 min, followed by swelling. These changes which initiated at the injected site extended toward the opposite side. Injection of adenophostin B, a potent InsP3 receptor agonist, also induced similar morphological changes, which suggested that InsP3 receptor activation, and not the action of InsP3 metabolites, is responsible for these changes. To determine whether these changes correlate to InsP3 receptor-mediated calcium release, we examined the morphological changes and those in intracellular free calcium concentrations ([Ca2+]i). A calcium wave was observed to precede the propagation of changes in cell shape by about 2 min. The extent of propagation of cell shape changes varied with the eggs but consistently depended on the extent of the calcium wave propagation. Changes in cell shape were inhibited in eggs injected with the calcium chelator, BAPTA, indicating that calcium released from the InsP3-sensitive calcium store is required for cell shape changes. During the cell shape changes, the contracted region was strongly stained with rhodamine-phalloidin, which suggests that structural changes of actin filaments are involved in the cortical changes. We propose that spatiotemporally controlled elevation of intracellular calcium induces successive cortical cytoskeletal changes that are responsible for changes in cell shape. These observations provide insight into the potency of InsP3/calcium signaling in the regulation of cortical cytoskeleton. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 39:201–208, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
HBT transmitter and data regenerator arrays for WDM optical communications application (1995)

Current research on next generation Wavelength Division Multiplexed (WDM) all optical networks has identified the need for arrays of laser driver circuits and arrays of receivers, clock recovery, and decision circuits. This paper reports on the development of two AlGaAs-GaAs HBT-based circuits: an eight-channel laser driver array and four-channel signal regeneration array including the limiting amplifier, clock recovery, and decision functions one intended for operation at 155 Mb/s. Subcircuits of the clock recovery array have been verified as suitable for use up to 2.488 Gb/s.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Preparation and characterization of a monoclonal anti-T helper factor antibody. (1984)

Sprague-Dawley rats were immunized by injection of antigen B-specific T helper factor THF) eluted from Sepharose-antigen D adsorbents. Rat spleen cells from animals immunized with THF were fused with a BALB/c tumour cell (P3x63-Ag8.653) to prepare monoclonal anti-THF antibodies. The hybrids produced were screened for anti-THF antibodies by an enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA), and we shall describe the characteristics of one of the hybrid (hybridoma 6-2.2 anti-THF) antibodies produced. (i) The monoclonal hybrid 6-2.2 anti-THF antibody blocks water-soluble timothy extract-induced proliferation of timothy-specific T helper cells when these cells were preincubated with an excess of the anti-THF hybrid 6-2.2 antibody; (ii) incubation of timothy-specific T helper or T suppressor cells with an optimal dose of anti-THF 6-2.2 antibody induces significant levels of [3H]-thymidine incorporation in the absence of antigen; (iii) it binds specifically to the idiotypic determinant expressed on THFk, THFd, TSFk, and antigen B-specific IgE in an ELISA; and (iv) it has no effect upon spleen cells from mice primed with ovalbumin or Ascaris suum antigens. In addition, the monoclonal anti-THF 6-2.2 antibody cultured with normal spleen cells in mini-Marbrook chambers induced significant levels of antigen B-specific T suppressor cells. These studies indicate that the monoclonal anti-THF 6-2.2 antibody has anti-idiotypic antibody properties.
Lean-Burn Stationary Natural Gas Reciprocating Engine Operation With a Prototype Miniature Diode Side Pumped Passively Q-Switched Laser Spark Plug (2008)

To meet the ignition system needs of large bore lean burn stationary natural gas engines a laser diode side pumped passively Q-switched laser igniter was developed and used to ignite lean mixtures in a single cylinder research engine. The laser design was produced from previous work. The in-cylinder conditions and exhaust emissions produced by the miniaturized laser were compared to that produced by a laboratory scale commercial laser system used in prior engine testing. The miniaturized laser design as well as the combustion and emissions data for both laser systems was compared and discussed. It was determined that the two laser systems produced virtually identical combustion and emissions data.
Large deformation and electromechanical instability of a dielectric elastomer tube actuator (2010)

This paper theoretically analyzes a dielectric elastomer tube actuator (DETA). Subject to a voltage difference between the inner and outer surfaces, the actuator reduces in thickness and expands in length, so that the same voltage will induce an even higher electric field. This positive feedback may cause the actuator to thin down drastically, resulting in electrical breakdown. We obtain an analytical solution of the actuator undergoing finite deformation when the elastomer obeys the neo-Hookean model. The critical strain of actuation is calculated in terms of various parameters of design. We also discuss the effect of the strain-stiffening on electromechanical behavior of DETAs by using the model of freely joined links.
The fundamental characteristics of novel switched reluctance motor with segment core embedded in aluminum rotor block (2005)

We proposed a novel segment type switched reluctance motor (SRM) in which the segment core is embedded in aluminum (conductive metal) rotor block in order to increase the mechanical strength and easy manufacturing as well as to improve the performance characteristics and reduce the vibration and acoustic noise. This paper explains the operation principle and the drive system and shows the experimental results in comparison with the VR type SRM.
A new sesquiterpene lactone from Artemisia annua leaves (2004)

A new rearranged farnesyloxy sesquiterpene lactone 1, isolated from the leaves of Artemisia annua has been characterized as 5α[3'(15'), 7'(14'), 11'(13')-trien]pentadecanyloxydihydroarteannuin B (1) on the basis of its spectral studies.