gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High Carrier Prevalence of Combinatorial CYP2C9 and VKORC1 Genotypes Affecting Warfarin Dosing (2008)

Overall, 73% of the population carried at least one polymorphism predicting deficient warfarin metabolism or responsiveness and 18% were carriers for polymorphisms in both genes studied. Combinatorial genotyping of CYP2C9 and VKORC1 can allow for individualized dosing of warfarin amongst patients with gene polymorphisms potentially reducing the risk of accentuated responses and bleeding.
CEBPE activation in PML-RARA cells by arsenic (2012)

To the editor:

In a recent perspective, Ablain and de The challenged the classic model of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), whereby differentiation-impairment in lineage-committed progenitors causes self-renewal, and instead proposed that APL arises from deregulation of stem cell self-renewal
Tomographic needles and catheters for optical imaging of prostatic cancer (1995)

Early detection of prostatic cancer currently depends on Prostate Serum Antigen or TransRectal UltraSound. Unfortunately, these techniques are not always reliable indicators for early small lesions still localized within the prostate. This paper presents a feasibility study on the use of `tomographic needles and catheters' for optical imaging of early lesions. Three needles are inserted perianeally into the prostate or two catheters are inserted into the rectal and urethral passages. Each contains a set of optical fibers which terminate at evenly spaced positions along the needle. Each termination serves as either a source or collector for light transmission as each fiber is sequentially illuminated. Application of a tomographic algorithm based on diffuse light transmission between each source/collector pair yields a fuzzy but spectrally informative image of the prostate. This paper addresses the issue of feasibility by asking whether such a technique can distinguish a large zone of slightly alter optical properties (essentially a region of normal tissue) from a small zone of strongly altered optical properties (a tumor). The paper simulates both steady-state and 3-GHz frequency-domain optical measurements.
Evaluating deep learning approaches to characterize and classify malicious URL’s (2018)

Malicious uniform resource locator (URL), termed as malicious website is a foundation mechanisms for many of internet criminal activities such as phishing, spamming, identity theft, financial fraud and malware. It has been considered as a common and serious threat to the Cybersecurity. Blacklisting mechanism and many machine learning based solutions found by researchers with the aim to effectively signalize and classify the malicious URL’s in internet. Blacklisting is completely ineffective at finding both variations of malicious URL or newly generated URL. Additionally, it requires human input and ends up as a time consuming approach in real-time scenarios. Machine learning based solutions implicitly rely on feature engineering phase to extract hand crafted features including linguistic, lexical, contextual or semantics, statistical information of URL string, n-gram, bag-of-words, link structures, content composition, DNS information, network traffic, etc. As a result feature engineering in machine learning based solutions has to evolve with the new malicious URL’s. In recent times, deep learning is the most talked due to the significant results in various artificial intelligence (AI) tasks in the field of image processing, speech processing, natural language processing and many others. They have an ability to extract features automatically by taking the raw input texts. To leverage this and to transform the efficacy of deep learning algorithms to the task of malicious URL’s detection, we evaluate various deep learning architectures specifically recurrent neural network (RNN), identity-recurrent neural network (I-RNN), long short-term memory (LSTM), convolution neural network (CNN), and convolutional neural network-long short-term memory (CNN-LSTM) architectures by modeling the real known benign and malicious URL’s in character level language. The optimal parameter for deep learning architecture is found by conducting various experiments with various configurations of network parameters and network structures. All the experiments run till 1000 epochs with a learning rate in the range [0.01-0.5]. In our experiments, deep learning mechanisms outperformed the hand crafted feature mechanism. Specifically, LSTM and hybrid network of CNN and LSTM have achieved highest accuracy as 0.9996 and 0.9995 respectively. This might be due to the fact that the deep learning mechanisms have ability to learn hierarchical feature representation and long range-dependencies in sequences of arbitrary length.
Agesamides A and B, Bromopyrrole Alkaloids from SpongeAgelasSpecies:  Application of DOSY for Chemical Screening of New Metabolites (2006)

Diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy (DOSY) is a versatile and powerful NMR technique and a noninvasive analytical method for mixture analysis that does not require prior physical separation of the analytes. In our search for new metabolites from natural resources, DOSY was applied for constituent analysis of crude bromopyrrole fractions separated from an Okinawan marine sponge Agelas sp. so that two new bromopyrrole alkaloids, agesamides A (1) and B (2), have been isolated. The structures and relative stereochemistry of 1 and 2 were elucidated from spectroscopic data.
Exploiting Visibility Correlation in Direct Illumination (2008)

Abstract The visibility function in direct illumination describes the binary visibility over a light source, e.g., an environment map. Intuitively, the visibility is often strongly correlated between nearby locations in time and space, but exploiting this correlation without introducing noticeable errors is a hard problem. In this paper, we first study the statistical characteristics of the visibility function. Then, we propose a robust and unbiased method for using estimated visibility information to improve the quality of Monte Carlo evaluation of direct illumination. Our method is based on the theory of control variates, and it can be used on top of existing state‐of‐the‐art schemes for importance sampling. The visibility estimation is obtained by sparsely sampling and caching the 4D visibility field in a compact bitwise representation. In addition to Monte Carlo rendering, the stored visibility information can be used in a number of other applications, for example, ambient occlusion and lighting design.
Expression of the integrin subunits α5, α6 and β1 in the testes of the common marmoset (1999)

Integrin subunits alpha 5, alpha 6 and beta 1 were localized in the testis of pre-pubertal or adult non-human primates (Callithrix jacchus) by immunofluorescence staining and in situ hybridization. In animals of all ages subunits alpha 5 and beta 1 were localized in cells of the lamina propria of the seminiferous epithelium. In prepubertal animals, the integrin subunits alpha 5, alpha 6, as well as beta 1, were distributed all over the plasma membrane of Sertoli cells. In adult animals the integrin subunits were confined to those plasma membrane regions of Sertoli cells which are assigned to the basal compartment, including the basement membrane of the seminiferous tubules. Protein expression of integrin subunits alpha 6 and beta 1 was most pronounced in tubular stages in which elongated spermatids were not yet present in the adluminal compartment of the epithelium, suggesting that these integrin subunits are particularly essential at certain developmental stages of spermatogenesis. Non-radioactive in situ hybridization revealed that the mRNA for integrin subunits alpha 5, alpha 6 and beta 1 was expressed by Sertoli cells. In situ hybridization, together with immunofluorescence data, shows that these integrin subunits were exclusively synthesized in Sertoli cells. As to functional aspects, it is concluded that during primate spermatogenesis. Sertoli cell integrins may be involved in both cell matrix as well as cell-cell interactions, particularly during early spermatogenesis.
Reduced Frequencies and Heightened CD103 Expression among Virus-Induced CD8+T Cells in the Respiratory Tract Airways of Vitamin A-Deficient Mice (2012)

Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) has profound effects on immune responses in the gut, but its effect on other mucosal responses is less well understood. Sendai virus (SeV) is a candidate human parainfluenza virus type 1 (hPIV-1) vaccine and a candidate vaccine vector for other respiratory viruses. A single intranasal dose of SeV elicits a protective immune response against hPIV-1 within days after vaccination. To define the effect of VAD on acute responses toward SeV, we monitored both antibodies and CD8(+) T cells in mice. On day 10 following SeV infection, there was a trend toward lower antibody activities in the nasal washes of VAD mice than in those of controls, while bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and serum antibodies were not reduced. In contrast, there was a dramatic reduction of immunodominant CD8(+) T cell frequencies in the lower respiratory tract (LRT) airways of VAD animals. These T cells also showed unusually high CD103 (the αE subunit of αEβ7) expression patterns. In both VAD and control mice, E-cadherin (the ligand for αEβ7) was better expressed among epithelial cells lining the upper respiratory tract (URT) than in LRT airways. The results support a working hypothesis that the high CD103 expression among T cell populations in VAD mice alters mechanisms of T cell cross talk with URT and LRT epithelial cells, thereby inhibiting T cell migration and egress into the lower airway. Our data emphasize that the consequences of VAD are not limited to gut-resident cells and characterize VAD influences on an immune response to a respiratory virus vaccine.
Soft-switching bidirectional isolated three-phase DC-DC converter with dual phase-shift and variable duty cycle (2013)

This paper presents the analysis, design, and experimental results for a soft-switching bidirectional isolated three-phase DC-DC converter with dual phase-shift and variable duty cycle. The topology uses three single H-bridges in the primary side and a three-phase inverter in the secondary side. The high frequency isolation is ensured by using three single-phase transformers connected in open delta-wye configuration. Variation of both phase shift angles between single H-bridge legs and/or primary and secondary side allows the power delivery control. This additional flexibility allows the system to maintain a low reactive power flow. The variable duty cycle is used to ensure a constant voltage bus and ZVS soft switching operation. A detailed analysis is presented considering a model based on fundamental components. Experimental results for a prototype are performed to validate the model used.
Relationship of Titania Nanotube Binding Energies and Raman Spectra (2006)

Novel nanostructured titania nanotubes and hydrogen titanate nanoribbons were synthesised using hydrothermal treatment of Degussa P25. The nanostructure types formed were monitored as a function of the hydrothermal conditions. Changes in structure was evaluated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Raman spectroscopy. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) of Ti(2p) and O(1s) binding energies in titania nanotubes were measured and a systematic trend in the XPS binding energies was observed. This indicated a strengthening of the Ti-O bond occurred as the material phase changed from titania nanotube to the titanate ribbon form. The changes in binding energies for both the Ti and O XPS peaks were consistent with changes observed in the Raman spectra of nanostructured titania.
Sulfation Performance of CaO-Based Pellets Supported by Calcium Aluminate Cements Designed for High-Temperature CO2 Capture (2009)

CaO-based sorbents supported by calcium aluminate cements were originally prepared as sorbents for CO2 capture in looping cycles. However, their high affinity for CO2 at high temperatures suggests that they will readily react with any SO2 present in flue gases to be decarbonated. Thus, the sulfation performance of these pellets was investigated in this study using a synthetic flue gas in a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). The results obtained showed that after 6 h in gas containing 0.5% SO2 at 900 °C the pellets prepared from hydrated lime and cement were >90% sulfated. They showed the highest sulfation affinity among the sorbents tested here. Namely, Cadomin limestone was <30% sulfated and the corresponding hydrated lime <70%. The pellets prepared from limestone powder and cement had significantly lower sulfation (∼65%) in comparison to that for pellets obtained from hydrated lime and cement. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of sulfated samples clearly showed the presence of a sulfated shell at the surface of original limestone particles, while the calcium aluminate pellets had porous morphology even after almost 100% sulfation. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses showed that mayenite (Ca12Al14O33), which is responsible for the good CO2 capture performance of these pellets, was not present after sulfation. Pellets after 30 carbonation/calcination cycles displayed significantly reduced affinity for SO2, with sulfation conversions at ∼15%, but they easily recovered this capacity with ∼80% sulfation levels after hydration. These results clearly show that, for the pellets to perform well, the presence of SO2 must be avoided during looping cycles at least during sorbent regeneration at high temperatures.
The In-Crowd Algorithm for Fast Basis Pursuit Denoising (2011)

We introduce a fast method, the “in-crowd” algorithm, for finding the exact solution to basis pursuit denoising problems. The in-crowd algorithm discovers a sequence of subspaces guaranteed to arrive at the support set of the final solution of <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">l</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> -regularized least squares problems. We provide theorems showing that the in-crowd algorithm always converges to the correct global solution to basis pursuit denoising problems. We show empirically that the in-crowd algorithm is faster than the best alternative solvers (homotopy, fixed point continuation and spectral projected gradient for <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">l</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> minimization) on certain well- and ill-conditioned sparse problems with more than 1000 unknowns. We compare the in-crowd algorithm's performance in high- and low-noise regimes, demonstrate its performance on more dense problems, and derive expressions giving its computational complexity.
Spontaneous echo contrast mimicking aortic root thrombus in a patient supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (2019)

Aortic root spontaneous echo contrast is a rare but significant finding. We report a 31-year-old female who was placed on venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation emergently for acute mitral regurgitation secondary to papillary muscle rupture. Following stabilization, subsequent transesophageal echocardiography suggested aortic root thrombus and prompted emergent surgery. However, further inspection with intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography revealed a spontaneous echo contrast which aided us in the intraoperative decision making.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution on Pyridine Rings. Intramolecular Cyclization Using N‐Acyliminium Ions. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
RANDOM WALK TERM WEIGHTING FOR IMPROVED TEXT CLASSIFICATION (2006)

This paper describes a new approach for estimating term weights in a text classification task. The approach uses term cooccurrence as a measure of dependency between word features. A random walk model is applied on a graph encoding words and co-occurrence dependencies, resulting in scores that represent a quantification of how a particular word feature contributes to a given context. We argue that by modeling feature weights using these scores, as opposed to the traditional frequency-based scores, we can achieve better results in a text classification task. Experiments performed on four standard classification datasets show that the new random-walk based approach outperforms the traditional term frequency approach to feature weighting.
Leptin: A potential novel antidepressant (2006)

Leptin, a hormone secreted from adipose tissue, was originally discovered to regulate body weight. The localization of the leptin receptor in limbic structures suggests a potential role for leptin in emotional processes. Here, we show that rats exposed to chronic unpredictable stress and chronic social defeat exhibit low leptin levels in plasma. Systemic leptin treatment reversed the hedonic-like deficit induced by chronic unpredictable stress and improved behavioral despair dose-dependently in the forced swim test (FST), a model widely used for screening potential antidepressant efficacy. The behavioral effects of leptin in the FST were accompanied by increased neuronal activation in limbic structures, particularly in the hippocampus. Intrahippocampal infusion of leptin produced a similar antidepressant-like effect in the FST as its systemic administration. By contrast, infusion of leptin into the hypothalamus decreased body weight but had no effect on FST behavior. These findings suggest that: ( i ) impaired leptin production and secretion may contribute to chronic stress-induced depression-like phenotypes, ( ii ) the hippocampus is a brain site mediating leptin's antidepressant-like activity, and ( iii ) elevating leptin signaling in brain may represent a novel approach for the treatment of depressive disorders.
Crystallization and melting behavior of β-Nucleated PP/PA 6 alloys (2008)

Memory for antigen is a defining feature of adaptive immunity. Antigen-specific lymphocyte populations show an increase in number and function after antigen encounter and more rapidly re-expand upon subsequent antigen exposure. Studies of immune memory have primarily focused on effector B cells and T cells with microbial specificity, using prime-challenge models of infection. However, recent work has also identified persistently expanded populations of antigen-specific regulatory T cells that protect against aberrant immune responses. In this Review, we consider the parallels between memory effector T cells and memory regulatory T cells, along with the functional implications of regulatory memory in autoimmunity, antimicrobial host defence and maternal-fetal tolerance. In addition, we discuss emerging evidence for regulatory T cell memory in humans and key unanswered questions in this rapidly evolving field.
Purification of Growth Hormone-Specific Transcription Factor GHF-1 Containing Homeobox (1989)

Pituitary-specific expression of the growth hormone (GH) gene is governed by a transcription factor, GHF-1, that binds to two sites within its promoter. Recently, GHF-1 was shown to be a member of the homeobox family of DNA-binding proteins. An important question is whether GHF-1 controls the expression of other pituitary specific genes, such as prolactin (Prl), expressed in closely related cell types. To this end, GHF-1 was purified from extracts of GH- and Prl-expressing pituitary tumor cells and identified as a 33-kilodalton polypeptide. Although GHF-1 bound to and activated the GH promoter, it did not recognize the Prl promoter. However, at least one other factor in the same extracts, which was easily separated from GHF-1, bound to several sites within the Prl but not the GH promoter. Antibodies to GHF-1 did not react with the Prl binding activity. These results imply that the pituitary-specific expression of GH and Prl is governed by two distinct trans-acting factors.
Impact of Oil Type on Nanoemulsion Formation and Ostwald Ripening Stability (2008)

The formation of stable transparent nanoemulsions poses two challenges: the ability to initially create an emulsion where the entire droplet size distribution is below 80 nm, and the subsequent stabilization of this emulsion against Ostwald ripening. The physical properties of the oil phase and the nature of the surfactant layer were found to have a considerable impact on nanoemulsion formation and stabilization. Nanoemulsions made with high viscosity oils, such as long chain triglycerides (LCT), were considerably larger ( D = 120 nm) than nanoemulsions prepared with low viscosity oils such as hexadecane ( D = 80 nm). The optimization of surfactant architecture, and differential viscosity eta D/eta C, has led to the formation of remarkably small nanoemulsions. With average sizes below 40 nm they are some of the smallest homogenized emulsions ever reported. What is more remarkable is that LCT nanoemulsions do not undergo Ostwald ripening and are physically stable for over 3 months. Ostwald ripening is prevented by the large molar volume of long chain triglyceride oils, which makes them insoluble in water thus providing a kinetic barrier to Ostwald ripening. Examination of the Ostwald ripening of mixed oil nanoemulsions found that the entropy gain associated with oil demixing provided a thermodynamic barrier to Ostwald ripening. Not only are the nanoemulsions created in this work some of the smallest reported, but they are also thermodynamically stable to Ostwald ripening when at least 50% of the oil phase is an insoluble triglyceride.
High efficient optical remote sensing images acquisition for nano-satellite framework (2017)

It is more difficult and challenging to implement Nano-satellite (NanoSat) based optical Earth observation missions than conventional satellites because of the limitation of volume, weight and power consumption. In general, an image compression unit is a necessary onboard module to save data transmission bandwidth and disk space. The image compression unit can get rid of redundant information of those captured images. In this paper, a new image acquisition framework is proposed for NanoSat based optical Earth observation applications. The entire process of image acquisition and compression unit can be integrated in the photo detector array chip, that is, the output data of the chip is already compressed. That is to say, extra image compression unit is no longer needed; therefore, the power, volume, and weight of the common onboard image compression units consumed can be largely saved. The advantages of the proposed framework are: the image acquisition and image compression are combined into a single step; it can be easily built in CMOS architecture; quick view can be provided without reconstruction in the framework; Given a certain compression ratio, the reconstructed image quality is much better than those CS based methods. The framework holds promise to be widely used in the future.