gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A formal synthesis of FK-506. Exploration of some alternatives to macrolactamization (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA formal synthesis of FK-506. Exploration of some alternatives to macrolactamizationA. Brian Jones, Annabella Villalobos, Robert G. Linde II, and Samuel J. DanishefskyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 9, 2786–2797Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00296a042https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00296a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views919Altmetric-Citations75LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Polymicrobial Biofilm Interaction Between Histophilus somni and Pasteurella multocida (2020)

Histophilus somni and Pasteurella multocida are two of multiple agents responsible for bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in cattle. Following respiratory infection of calves with H. somni, P. multocida may also be isolated from the lower respiratory tract. Because H. somni may form a biofilm during BRD, we sought to determine if P. multocida can co-exist with H. somni in a polymicrobial biofilm in vitro and in vivo. Interactions between the two species in the biofilm were characterized and quantified by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The biofilm matrix of each species was examined using fluorescently-tagged lectins (FTL) specific for the exopolysaccharide (EPS) using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Bacterial interactions were determined by auto-aggregation and biofilm morphology. Pasteurella multocida and H. somni were evenly distributed in the in vitro biofilm, and both species contributed to the polymicrobial biofilm matrix. The average biomass and biofilm thickness, and the total carbohydrate and protein content of the biofilm, were greatest when both species were present. Polymicrobial bacterial suspensions auto-aggregated faster than single species suspensions, suggesting physical interactions between the two species. Almost 300 P. multocida genes were significantly differentially regulated when the bacteria were in a polymicrobial biofilm compared to a mono-species biofilm, as determined by RNA-sequencing. As expected, host genes associated with inflammation and immune response were significantly upregulated at the infection site following H. somni challenge. Encapsulated P. multocida isolates not capable of forming a substantial biofilm enhanced an in vitro polymicrobial biofilm with H. somni, indicating they contributed to the polymicrobial biofilm matrix. Indirect evidence indicated that encapsulated P. multocida also contributed to a polymicrobial biofilm in vivo. Only the exopolysaccharide (EPS) of H. somni could be detected by FTL staining of bovine tissues following challenge with H. somni only. However, both species were isolated and an immune response to the biofilm matrix of both species was greater than the response to planktonic cells, suggesting encapsulated P. multocida may take advantage of the H. somni biofilm to persist in the host during chronic BRD. These results may have important implications for the management and prevention of BRD.
The Value and Analysis of Core-Based Water-Quality Experiments as Related to Water Injection Schemes (1990)

Summary This paper describes an experimental study of formation damage associated with low-concentration particle invasion in water injection schemes. Depth-of-invasion results are presented, the importance of core preparation is stressed, and the results from conventional cut-faced plugs are compared with those from the broken-faced plugs used in this study.
Close‐range blast exposure is associated with altered functional connectivity in Veterans independent of concussion symptoms at time of exposure (2014)

Although there is emerging data on the effects of blast-related concussion (or mTBI) on cognition, the effects of blast exposure itself on the brain have only recently been explored. Toward this end, we examine functional connectivity to the posterior cingulate cortex, a primary region within the default mode network (DMN), in a cohort of 134 Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans characterized for a range of common military-associated comorbidities. Exposure to a blast at close range (<10 meters) was associated with decreased connectivity of bilateral primary somatosensory and motor cortices, and these changes were not different from those seen in participants with blast-related mTBI. These results remained significant when clinical factors such as sleep quality, chronic pain, or post traumatic stress disorder were included in the statistical model. In contrast, differences in functional connectivity based on concussion history and blast exposures at greater distances were not apparent. Despite the limitations of a study of this nature (e.g., assessments long removed from injury, self-reported blast history), these data demonstrate that blast exposure per se, which is prevalent among those who served in Iraq and Afghanistan, may be an important consideration in Veterans' health. It further offers a clinical guideline for determining which blasts (namely, those within 10 meters) are likely to lead to long-term health concerns and may be more accurate than using concussion symptoms alone.
A polynomial-time approximation scheme for Euclidean Steiner forest (2013)

We give a randomized O(n polylog n)-time approximation scheme for the Steiner forest problem in the Euclidean plane. For every fixed eps &gt; 0 and given n terminals in the plane with connection requests between some pairs of terminals, our scheme finds a (1 + eps)-approximation to the minimum-length forest that connects every requested pair of terminals.
REDUCED MAJOR AXIS REGRESSION: TEACHING ALTERNATIVES TO LEAST SQUARES (2014)

The theoretical underpinnings of standard least squares regression analysis are based on the assumption that the independent variable (often thought of as x) is measured without error as a design variable. The dependent variable (often labeled y) is modeled as having uncertainty or error. Both independent and dependent measurements may have multiple sources of error. Thus the underlying least squares regression assumptions can be violated. Reduced Major Axis (RMA) regression is specifically formulated to handle errors in both the x and y variables. It is an excellent topic to teach students the importance of understanding the assumptions underlying the statistical procedures commonly used in practice as well as showing them that alternatives may better satisfy the actual needs.
Skeletal Muscle ULK1 and ULK2 Jointly Couple Muscle Mass with Force and Are Required for Survival Under Low Nutrient Availability (2020)

The protein kinases Unc‐51 like autophagy activating kinase 1 and 2 (ULK1 and ULK2) have evolved from a single yeast gene, autophagy related 1 (Atg1). Although ULK1 and ULK2 are thought to redundantly stimulate autophagy, other functions are emerging. Interestingly, skeletal muscle expresses both ULK1 and ULK2 at high levels (i.e., &gt;2‐fold the median expression of 91 mouse tissues and cell lines) suggesting an important, yet unknown role for their combined elevated expression in muscle. Therefore, to investigate the joint role of ULK1 and ULK2 on muscle homeostasis and whole‐body metabolism we generated mice with skeletal muscle‐specific knockout of these genes (ULK2/1 mKO). Here, we demonstrate that ULK2/1 mKO mice have larger muscles (~12%) that are actually weaker (~21% decrease in relative force) in comparison with wild type littermates. Loss of ULK2/1 in skeletal muscle also affects whole‐body metabolic homeostasis as indicated by decreased body fat mass (~20% at 7wk of age), attenuated fat mass gains with aging (~40% at 21mo. of age), and life‐threatening inability to maintain euglycemia under fasting conditions (~32% reduction of blood glucose compared to WT). Mechanistically, loss of ULK 2/1 not only impairs skeletal muscle autophagy but also AMPK function as indicated by accumulation of LC3, p62, NBR1, and ubiquitinated proteins, as well as reduced phosphorylation of ACC (a surrogate of AMPK activity), respectively. These results identify a previously unknown role for ULK2 and ULK1 in jointly coupling skeletal muscle size with force. They also reveal skeletal muscle ULK2 and ULK1 as fundamental proteins for survival under conditions of reduced nutrient availability. Support or Funding Information This work is funded by:AHA 16SDG30360001 (V.A.L.). and NASA Iowa Space Grant Graduate Fellowship Program
Computer Blending Technology (1978)

Higher-order equations that describe the curves which relate specific gravity to Brix, alcohol, and extract were derived by regression analysis. These polynomials were combined in the Taberié formula for computing extract. A program was designed, with this formula to eliminate extract analysis, tables reference, interpolation or approximation, and solve all blend computations. For a blend of various wines, the computer will calculate the resultant analysis and/or compute the required volumes of each wine to arrive at desired analysis. All handcalculator computations are eliminated. The printer offers a hard copy for documentation of the final blend.
The Use of Porcine Factor VIII Concentrate (Hyate:C) in the Treatment of Patients With Inhibitor Antibodies to Factor VIII (1989)

The response to a highly purified concentrate of porcine factor VIII was evaluated in 45 bleeding episodes in 38 patients with high responding inhibitor antibodies to factor VIII. A total of 437 infusions were given. The patients came from 25 hemophilia centers in the United States. The majority had a life- or limb-threatening hemorrhage for which other modalities had not been successful. In 32 of 45 episodes, a good to excellent response was obtained. Adverse reactions were minimal, occurring in 17 treatment episodes, and were mostly treated with antihistamines and/or hydrocortisone. No clear predictor of clinical response to porcine factor VIII concentrate was identified, including pretreatment human and porcine inhibitor levels, percentage of cross-reactivity between the human and porcine antibodies, and the presence of measurable levels of factor VIII after the porcine factor concentrate was given. Anamnesis to porcine factor VIII did occur in some instances. Porcine factor VIII is a valuable modality in the treatment of serious hemorrhages in patients with inhibitors to factor VIII. Its use should be considered early in the course of severe hemorrhage in these patients.
Preliminary studies on the use of cyanines as ligands in dye‐affinity chromatography of proteins (2002)

An isothiocyanato‐functionalised cyanine was synthesised, characterised, immobilised on agarose gel and the dye‐affinity adsorbent ability for purifying some standard proteins (e.g. bovine serum albumin, trypsin and chymotrypsin) was analysed. The influence of mobile phase composition on the chromatographic behaviour of these proteins was also studied. A selective interaction between the studied proteins and the immobilised cyanine was obtained.
The risks of risk adjustment (1997)

Severity does not explain differences in death rates across hospitals. Different severity measures frequently produce different impressions about relative hospital performance. Severity-adjusted mortality rates alone are unlikely to isolate quality differences across hospitals.
Power aware many to many routing in wireless sensor and actuator networks (2005)

In this paper, a new power aware many-to-many routing protocol for wireless sensor and actuator networks is introduced. The protocol has two versions adapted for three cases. The first version is designed for networks where every node transmits at the same power level. The transmission power level may not be adjustable, or can be adjusted according to a deployment scenario and changed before or after the deployment. The second version is for the case where nodes can individually adjust the transmission power according to the channel conditions and communications distance.
On the effectiveness of multi-variant program execution for vulnerability detection and prevention (2010)

Multi-variant program execution is an application of n-version programming, in which several slightly different instances of the same program are executed in lockstep on a multiprocessor. These variants are created in such a way that they behave identically under "normal" operation and diverge when "out of specification" events occur, which may be indicative of attacks. This paper assess the effectiveness of different code variation techniques to address different classes of vulnerabilities. In choosing a variant or combination of variants, security demands need to be balanced against runtime overhead. Our study indicates that a good combination of variations when running two variants is to choose one of instruction set randomization, system call number randomization, and register randomization, and use that together with library entry point randomization. Running more variants simultaneously makes it exponentially more difficult to take over the system.
Activation of the renin-angiotensin system stimulates biliary hyperplasia during cholestasis induced by extrahepatic bile duct ligation (2015)

Cholangiocyte proliferation is regulated in a coordinated fashion by many neuroendocrine factors through autocrine and paracrine mechanisms. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is known to play a role in the activation of hepatic stellate cells and blocking the RAS attenuates hepatic fibrosis. We investigated the role of the RAS during extrahepatic cholestasis induced by bile duct ligation (BDL). In this study, we used normal and BDL rats that were treated with control, angiotensin II (ANG II), or losartan for 2 wk. In vitro studies were performed in a primary rat cholangiocyte cell line (NRIC). The expression of renin, angiotensin-converting enzyme, angiotensinogen, and angiotensin receptor type 1 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC), real-time PCR, and FACs and found to be increased in BDL compared with normal rat. The levels of ANG II were evaluated by ELISA and found to be increased in serum and conditioned media of cholangiocytes from BDL compared with normal rats. Treatment with ANG II increased biliary mass and proliferation in both normal and BDL rats. Losartan attenuated BDL-induced biliary proliferation. In vitro, ANG II stimulated NRIC proliferation via increased intracellular cAMP levels and activation of the PKA/ERK/CREB intracellular signaling pathway. ANG II stimulated a significant increase in Sirius red staining and IHC for fibronectin that was blocked by angiotensin receptor blockade. In vitro, ANG II stimulated the gene expression of collagen 1A1, fibronectin 1, and IL-6. These results indicate that cholangiocytes express a local RAS and that ANG II plays an important role in regulating biliary proliferation and fibrosis during extraheptic cholestasis.
Partitioning of nutritional and bioactive compounds between the kernel, hull and husk of five new chickpea genotypes grown in Australia (2021)

Chickpea is the second-most grown legume crop world-wide; however, most chickpea genotypes are susceptible to drought and heat stress, limiting expansion of this crop beyond current growing regions. Consequently, this study evaluated the agronomic performance and phyto-nutritional content of five new genotypes of desi chickpea, grown under rainfed conditions in central Queensland, Australia. Four of the new genotypes showed significantly improved yield over PBA Drummond, while two showed higher protein content. The chickpea hull byproduct typically contained a higher total phenolic content (56–150 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (38–174 mg Trolox equivalents (TE)/100 g) compared to the kernel (TPC of 65–105 mg GAE/100 g and FRAP of 44–62 mg TE/100 g); however, this was not true for every variety. The husk also contained high levels of phenolics and antioxidant activity, highlighting the potential of chickpea hull and husk for use as value-added byproducts, rather than being discarded. This study highlights the difference in byproduct phyto-nutritional value that exists between chickpea genotypes, indicating that these parameters should also be considered when selecting genotypes in breeding programs. Furthermore, it presents several new genotypes of desi chickpea which may be suited to cropping in drier, warmer environments.
ZnO nanowall networks grown on DiMPLA pre‐patterned thin gold films (2008)

Abstract ZnO nanowall networks grown by a high pressure pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique on a pre‐patterned thin gold film are presented. The thin gold film on a c ‐plane oriented sapphire substrate was structured with diffraction mask projection laser ablation (DiMPLA). It is shown that only areas processed with the laser patterning technique reveal homogeneous growth of ZnO nanowall networks. Photoluminescence measurements prove the higher material quality of the pre‐patterned regions compared to the untreated ones. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Greenhouse Technique for Evaluating Resistance to the Bandedwinged Whitefly (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) Used to Evaluate Thirty-Five Foreign Cotton Cultivars1 (1982)

A greenhouse procedure was developed for maintaining a culture of Trialeurodes abutilonea (Haldeman) on cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. One U.S. and 35 foreign cotton cultivars were evaluated for relative levels of resistance or susceptibility to bandedwinged whitefly colonization and emergence of adults. When compared with the commercial cultivar ‘Deltapine 16’ (DPL-16), one foreign cotton, ‘C-1211,’ had significantly (P = 0.05) lower levels of whitefly colonization. Six foreign cultivars, ‘Lasani 11,’ ‘M4 (N.T. Sind),’ ‘4S 180,’ ‘CX 349,’ ‘138-F,’ and ‘108-F,’ had levels of colonization that were not significantly different from DPL-16. None of the cultivars had significantly less adult emergence than DPL-16, and 17 had adult emergence levels that were not significantly different.
Systematic Evaluation of Substituted Cyclopentadienyl Ruthenium Complexes, [(η5‐C5MenH5−n)RuCl(cod)], for Catalytic Cycloadditions of Diynes (2010)

A series of eta(5)-cyclopentadienylruthenium complexes, [(eta(5)-C(5)Me(n)H(5-n))RuCl(cod)] (cod=1,5-cyclooctadiene), are evaluated as catalysts for the cycloaddition of 1,6-diynes with alkynes. As a result, we unexpectedly found that the complex bearing the 1,2,4-Me(3)Cp ligand is the most efficient catalyst in terms of turnover number (TON) for the cycloaddition of a bulky diiododiyne with acetylene, recording the highest TON of 970 with a catalyst loading of 0.1 mol %. To obtain insight into this result, we evaluate the electron richness of all complexes by cyclic voltammetric analyses, which indicate that the electron density of the ruthenium center increases with an increase in methyl substitution on the Cp' ligands. The initial rate (up to 10 % conversion) of the cycloaddition was then measured using (1)H NMR spectroscopy. The initial rate is found to decrease as the number of methyl substituents increases. According to these results, we assumed that the optimum catalytic performance exhibited by the 1,2,4-trimethylcyclopentadienyl complex can be attributed to its robustness under the catalytic cycloaddition conditions. The steric and electronic effects of the Cp' ligands are also investigated in terms of the regioselectivity of the cycloaddition of an unsymmetrical diyne and in terms of the chemoselectivity in the cycloaddition of a 1,6-heptadiyne with norbornene.
A23-2 Implantable device datalogs can permit safe withdrawal of long-term warfarin therapy in refractory atrial fibrillation: Results of a long term prospective study (2003)

Results:Mean FFRWO at implant (mV) Mean FFRWO at Follow-up (mV) FFRWWP wave (implant) FFRWWP wave (follow-up) Pts with FFRWWP > 50% (implant) Pts with FFRWWP > 5OW (follow-up) Mean atria1 pacing threshold at 1 Volt (ms) Mean atria1 impedance (Ohm) .P < 0.05 "S Group c. Group A Group B Group c 0.22+0.460.20*0.320.44+0.52 .0.12+0.29 .0.11+0.240.39*0.780.08+0.190.06+0.110.12+0.170.05+0.010.04+0.100.13+0.275% 0% 3% 5% .ow 18% 0.29+0.140.28+0.180.23+0.16545+76 598+84 571+112Both active and passive iixation short tip-to-ring distance atria1 leads had lower FFRWO than those of control group.The differences were statistically significant during the follow-up.No patient of group B showed FFRWO/P wave greater than 50% either at implant or during the follow-up.On the contrary, at least l/5 of group C patients showed FFRWO/P>50% at the last follow-up.No significant differences could be identified among short tip-to-ring distance atria1 leads as a function of active or passive iixation.Pacing thresholds and impedance did not differ among the three groups.Conclusions: Short tip-to-ring distance atria1 leads, regardless of iixation type, may improve atria1 signal detection and should be recommended in pts with atria1 tachyarrhythmia.
Concept Maps and AI: an Unlikely Marriage? (2004)

Concept maps are a graphical of a person's (or group of persons') understanding of a domain. As such, it can be considered a scheme. However, the Artificial Intelligence (AI) community frowns on the use of the term knowledge representation to refer to concept maps, because they cannot be readily translated to a formal for inference or other AI techniques. In this paper we propose that despite the free-style format that concept maps can take, specific characteristics of well-constructed concept maps (structure, semantics, context, etc.) provide an abundance of information on which to develop smart tools that aid the user in the process of constructing concept maps. Our claim is that the compromise in the formalism in lieu of flexibility proposed by concept maps can be compensated, with the help of AI and smart tools, to help bring the best of both worlds to elicitation and representation. We demonstrate this argument with a set of smart tools that have been implemented in the CmapTools software kit.
New visible light excitable donor–acceptor 7-hydroxy-coumarins as blue fluorescent probes for selective staining of vacuoles in yeasts and L. donovani (2017)

In order to address the existing limitations of the commercially available fluorescent probe CMAC (7-amino-4-chloromethylcoumarin), a new series of highly fluorescent donor-acceptor 7-hydroxy-coumarin derivatives was prepared and these derivatives were used as vacuole specific fluorescent probes for live cell imaging of unicellular parasitic protozoa L. donovani promastigotes and yeast cells S. pombe and S. cerevisiae. The synthesized 7-hydroxy-coumarins exhibited interesting photophysical properties and have advantages such as excitation in the visible region, good water solubility, photo-stability, good quantum yield and low cytotoxicity.