gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular cloning and analysis of a new variant of human T‐cell leukemia virus (HTLV‐Ib) from an African patient with adult T‐cell leukemia‐lymphoma (1984)

We report the identification and characterization of a new variant of HTLV-I in an African patient with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL). Proviral sequences were detected by Southern blot analysis in three T-cell lines established from this patient's peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and lymph-node cells. We molecularly cloned and analyzed proviruses from two of these cells lines, one established by direct culture of PBL and one established by co-cultivation of PBL with cord-blood T cells. These two HTLV clones contained full-length proviruses which were identical to each other in 44 out of 44 restriction enzyme sites. They were closely related to, but distinct from, the prototype HTLV-I, having divergence in their envelope and 5' pX regions and therefore represented a new variant of HTLV-I. We designated it as HTLV-Ib. Despite the genomic differences, however, HTLV-Ib retained its tropism for OKT4+ lymphocytes as well as its ability to initiate and maintain transformation of these cells. The finding of a variant of HTLV-I in this African ATL patient, along with the results of recent seroepidemiological studies, extends to the African continent the prevalence of HTLV-I associated malignancy previously identified in the Caribbean and Japan.
Molecular basis for the binding and selective dephosphorylation of Na+/H+ exchanger 1 by calcineurin (2019)

Very little is known about how Ser/Thr protein phosphatases specifically recruit and dephosphorylate substrates. Here, we identify how the Na<sup>+</sup>/H<sup>+</sup>-exchanger 1 (NHE1), a key regulator of cellular pH homeostasis, is regulated by the Ser/Thr phosphatase calcineurin (CN). NHE1 activity is increased by phosphorylation of NHE1 residue T779, which is specifically dephosphorylated by CN. While it is known that Ser/Thr protein phosphatases prefer pThr over pSer, we show that this preference is not key to this exquisite CN selectivity. Rather a combination of molecular mechanisms, including recognition motifs, dynamic charge-charge interactions and a substrate interaction pocket lead to selective dephosphorylation of pT779. Our data identify T779 as a site regulating NHE1-mediated cellular acid extrusion and provides a molecular understanding of NHE1 substrate selection by CN, specifically, and how phosphatases recruit specific substrates, generally.
A Silica-Supported Iron Oxide Catalyst Capable of Activating Hydrogen Peroxide at Neutral pH Values (2009)

Iron oxides catalyze the conversion of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) into oxidants capable of transforming recalcitrant contaminants. Unfortunately, the process is relatively inefficient at circumneutral pH values because of competing reactions that decompose H(2)O(2) without producing oxidants. Silica- and alumina-containing iron oxides prepared by sol-gel processing of aqueous solutions containing Fe(ClO(4))(3), AlCl(3), and tetraethyl orthosilicate efficiently catalyzed the decomposition of H(2)O(2) into oxidants capable of transforming phenol at circumneutral pH values. Relative to hematite, goethite, and amorphous FeOOH, the silica-iron oxide catalyst exhibited a stoichiometric efficiency, defined as the number of moles of phenol transformed per mole of H(2)O(2) consumed, which was 10-40 times higher than that of the iron oxides. The silica-alumina-iron oxide catalyst had a stoichiometric efficiency that was 50-80 times higher than that of the iron oxides. The significant enhancement in oxidant production is attributable to the interaction of Fe with Al and Si in the mixed oxides, which alters the surface redox processes, favoring the production of strong oxidants during H(2)O(2) decomposition.
Chemical and bioassay characterizations of sludge and wastewater from fixed bed UNDERC coal gasification: Final report (1986)

The objective of this research is to evaluate the influence of eight preselected treatment trains for fixed bed coal gasification wastewater treatment on chemical and health effects of residual sludges, sludge leachates, partially treated wastewaters and cooling towers blowdowns. Independent variables were: (1) incorporation of solvent extraction, use of MIBK or DIPE as extractant, solvent/wastewater ratio; (2) incorporation of free with/without fixed ammonia stripping; (3) incorporation of biological activated sludge processing; (4) cooling towers evaporation at ten cycles of concentration. Residual sludges, cooling tower blowdowns, ashed blowdowns and evaporate organics were leached in accord with the ASTM-A (distilled/deionized water), EPA-''EP'' (acetic acid), and a self designed technique (pH=2 using HNO/sub 3/ at a 20/1 liquid/solids ratio). Leachates were evaluated for heavy metal content, Daphnia magna toxicity, bioaccumulative potentials and AMES mutagenicity potentials.
Lithographic positioning of self-assembled Ge islands on Si(001) (1997)

Ge islands were deposited on Si(001) partially covered with patterned oxide. Selective Si was deposited on some wafers before Ge deposition to form raised Si(001) plateaus with well-defined sidewall facets. On narrow lines, the Ge islands locate preferentially at the edges of the raised Si(001) regions, and the preference is strongest on the narrowest patterns aligned along a 〈100〉 direction. For a 450 nm wide plateau aligned in this direction, all the islands are positioned along the edges of the pattern, with a 300 nm space near the center of the pattern free of Ge islands. The islands appear to be uniformly spaced along the pattern edges. On wider lines, several rows of islands are aligned near the edges of the pattern, with the order decreasing farther from the edge.
Rationale and Design of the CREDENCE Trial: computed TomogRaphic evaluation of atherosclerotic DEtermiNants of myocardial IsChEmia (2016)

ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02173275 . Registered on June 23, 2014.
SPE dose prediction using locally weighted regression (2005)

When astronauts are outside earth's protective magnetosphere, they are subject to large radiation doses resulting from solar particle events (SPEs). The total dose received from a major SPE in deep space could cause severe radiation poisoning. The dose is usually received over a 20–40 h time interval but the event's effects may be mitigated with an early warning system. This paper presents a method to predict the total dose early in the event. It uses a locally weighted regression model, which is easier to train and provides predictions as accurate as neural network models previously used.
Memory Effect in AC Thin Film ZnS:Mn Electroluminescent Devices Prepared by Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (1986)

AC thin film ZnS:Mn electroluminescent devices prepared by metal organic chemical vapor deposition have been found to exhibit a larger and more stable memory effect than devices prepared by EB-evaporation. The memory margin is about 15% of the threshold voltage for a device having an Mn concentration of 0.8 wt%. The memory margin is relatively stable. The results show that except for the first 300 hours, the brightness-voltage characteristic exhibits almost the same hysteresis shape during 2000 hours of aging at a constant brightness of 500 cd/m 2 , using a 5 kHz sinusoidal wave.
Understanding the limitations of lithium ion batteries at high rates (2021)

Commercial lithium ion cells with different power: energy ratios were disassembled, to allow the electrochemical performance of their electrodes to be evaluated. Tests on coin cell half cells included rate tests (continuous and pulsed), resistance measurements, and extended pulse tests. Pulse power tests at high rates typically showed three limiting processes within a 10 s pulse; an instantaneous resistance increase, a solid state diffusion limited stage, and then electrolyte depletion/saturation. On anodes, the third process can also be lithium plating. Most of the cells were rated for a 10 C continuous discharge, and the cathode charging voltage at 10 C was around 4.2 V. For anodes, the maximum charge current to avoid a negative voltage was 3–5 C. Negative anode voltages do not necessarily mean that lithium plating has occurred. However, lithium deposits were observed on all the anodes after 5000 pulse sequences with 10 s pulses at ± 20 C.
Abstract 5880: Localization of the Binding Site for Fibrin-Derived Peptide P3 in the αIIb β-Propeller of Integrin αIIbβ3 (2009)

The currently available anti-thrombotic agents target the interaction of platelet integrin αIIbβ3 (GPIIbIIIa) with fibrinogen during platelet aggregation, an initial step of thrombus formation. How...
Spontaneous Turning Behaviour By Dictyostelium Discoideum Slugs (1983)

Dictyostelium discoideum slugs migrating in the absence of external stimuli tend to continue migrating in the original randomly 'chosen' direction. Spontaneous deviations from the starting direction accumulate with time at a rate that measures the 'physiological noise' in the slugs' steering mechanism. Most of the spontaneous turning signals arise in the transduction chain 'downstream' of the convergence of photosensory and thermosensory processing, and the site(s) of action of the mutation pho-355. A significant amount of steering 'noise' arises 'upstream' of the site(s) of action of fluoride (which has specific effects on phototaxis and thermotaxis).
Carbon-coated TiNb2O7 nanosheet arrays as self-supported high mass-loading anodes for flexible Li-ion batteries (2021)

A TiNb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> anode constructed with carbon-coated nanosheet arrays on carbon cloth is prepared by a facile solvothermal process and post carbon-coating for the first time. With nanosized diffusion-length and reduced polarization resistance, this anode exhibits superior high-rate capability based on relatively high mass-loading. Meanwhile, it demonstrates excellent cycling stability and mechanical flexibility as expected from flexible Li-ion batteries.
Claudin-2 and claudin-12 form independent, complementary pores required to maintain calcium homeostasis (2021)

Calcium (Ca<sup>2+</sup>) homeostasis is maintained through coordination between intestinal absorption, renal reabsorption, and bone remodeling. Intestinal and renal (re)absorption occurs via transcellular and paracellular pathways. The latter contributes the bulk of (re)absorption under conditions of adequate intake. Epithelial paracellular permeability is conferred by tight-junction proteins called claudins. However, the molecular identity of the paracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> pore remains to be delineated. Claudins (<i>Cldn</i>)-2 and -12 confer Ca<sup>2+</sup> permeability, but deletion of either claudin does not result in a negative Ca<sup>2+</sup> balance or increased calciotropic hormone levels, suggesting the existence of additional transport pathways or parallel roles for the two claudins. To test this, we generated a <i>Cldn2/12</i> double knockout mouse (DKO). These animals have reduced intestinal Ca<sup>2+</sup> absorption. Colonic Ca<sup>2+</sup> permeability is also reduced in DKO mice and significantly lower than single-null animals, while small intestine Ca<sup>2+</sup> permeability is unaltered. The DKO mice display significantly greater urinary Ca<sup>2+</sup> wasting than <i>Cldn2</i> null animals. These perturbations lead to hypocalcemia and reduced bone mineral density, which was not observed in single-KO animals. Both claudins were localized to colonic epithelial crypts and renal proximal tubule cells, but they do not physically interact in vitro. Overexpression of either claudin increased Ca<sup>2+</sup> permeability in cell models with endogenous expression of the other claudin. We find claudin-2 and claudin-12 form partially redundant, independent Ca<sup>2+</sup> permeable pores in renal and colonic epithelia that enable paracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> (re)absorption in these segments, with either one sufficient to maintain Ca<sup>2+</sup> balance.
ChemInform Abstract: A CONVENIENT PROCEDURE FOR THE CONVERSION OF FUCOSTEROL INTO ISOFUCOSTEROL (1981)

Abstract Isofucosterol (Ib) wird in über 60proz. Ausb. aus Fucosterol (Ia) synthetisiert.
Characterising Quantum Devices at Scale with Custom Cryo-CMOS (2019)

We make use of a custom-designed cryo-CMOS multiplexer (MUX) to enable multiple quantum devices to be characterized in a single cool-down of a dilution refrigerator. Combined with a packaging approach that integrates cryo-CMOS chips and a hot-swappable, parallel device test platform, we describe how this setup takes a standard wiring configuration as input and expands the capability for batch-characterization of quantum devices at milli-Kelvin temperatures and high magnetic fields. The architecture of the cryo-CMOS multiplexer is discussed and performance benchmarked using few-electron quantum dots and Hall mobility-mapping measurements.
A Comparative Analysis of Evaporite Deposition on Earth and Mars (2015)

In this paper,the authors give a brief review of recent observations and studies on Martian salts.On the basis of the comparison of salt sediments on Earth and Mars,the authors propose that potassium salts might be widespread on Martian surface and subsurface.Besides,the authors found a positive correlation between the GRS results of the po-
Disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus is associated with an altered expression of low‐affinity Fcγ receptors and costimulatory molecules on dendritic cells (2009)

Dendritic cells (DCs) play a pivotal role in the interface between immunity and maintenance of peripheral tolerance. The capture of immunoglobulin G (IgG)-containing immune complexes (ICs) by low-affinity Fc gamma receptors (Fc gammaRs) expressed on DCs may influence the immunogenicity/tolerogenicity of these cells, depending on the activating/inhibitory potential of Fc gammaRs. Because of the key role that low-affinity Fc gammaRs play in determining the magnitude of the response in IC-driven inflammation, these receptors are likely to play a role in autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). To evaluate if an altered expression of costimulatory molecules and/or Fc gammaRs could account for disease severity, we evaluated the expression of these molecules on immature and mature DCs derived from peripheral blood monocytes of SLE patients and healthy donors. Our results show an increased expression of the costimulatory molecules CD40 and CD86. Furthermore, the ratio of CD86/CD80 is higher in SLE patients compared with healthy donors. Conversely, while the expression of activating Fc gammaRs was higher on DCs from SLE patients, expression of inhibitory Fc gammaRs was lower, compared with DCs obtained from healthy donors. As a result, the activating to inhibitory Fc gammaR ratio was significantly higher in DCs from SLE patients. The altered ratio of activating/inhibitory Fc gammaRs on mature DCs showed a significant correlation with the activity of SLE, as determined by the SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) score. We postulate that the increased ratio of activating/inhibitory Fc gammaRs expressed on DCs from SLE patients can contribute to the failure of peripheral tolerance in the IC-mediated phase of autoimmune pathogenesis.
Sum-rate optimal power policies for energy harvesting transmitters in an interference channel (2012)

This paper considers a two-user Gaussian interference channel with energy harvesting transmitters. Different than conventional battery powered wireless nodes, energy harvesting transmitters have to adapt transmission to availability of energy at a particular instant. In this setting, the optimal power allocation problem to maximize the sum throughput with a given deadline is formulated. The convergence of the proposed iterative coordinate descent method for the problem is proved and the short-term throughput maximizing offline power allocation policy is found. Examples for interference regions with known sum capacities are given with directional waterfilling interpretations. Next, stochastic data arrivals are addressed. Finally, online and/or distributed near-optimal policies are proposed. Performance of the proposed algorithms are demonstrated through simulations.
Evaluating the performance of the quick CSF method in detecting contrast sensitivity function changes (2016)

The contrast sensitivity function (CSF) has shown promise as a functional vision endpoint for monitoring the changes in functional vision that accompany eye disease or its treatment. However, detecting CSF changes with precision and efficiency at both the individual and group levels is very challenging. By exploiting the Bayesian foundation of the quick CSF method (Lesmes, Lu, Baek, & Albright, 2010), we developed and evaluated metrics for detecting CSF changes at both the individual and group levels. A 10-letter identification task was used to assess the systematic changes in the CSF measured in three luminance conditions in 112 naïve normal observers. The data from the large sample allowed us to estimate the test-retest reliability of the quick CSF procedure and evaluate its performance in detecting CSF changes at both the individual and group levels. The test-retest reliability reached 0.974 with 50 trials. In 50 trials, the quick CSF method can detect a medium 0.30 log unit area under log CSF change with 94.0% accuracy at the individual observer level. At the group level, a power analysis based on the empirical distribution of CSF changes from the large sample showed that a very small area under log CSF change (0.025 log unit) could be detected by the quick CSF method with 112 observers and 50 trials. These results make it plausible to apply the method to monitor the progression of visual diseases or treatment effects on individual patients and greatly reduce the time, sample size, and costs in clinical trials at the group level.
The urge to integrate [integrated supply chains] (2003)

If you are looking to integrate a supply chain, do not be fooled by the hype. Supply chain integration is only one of a range of options to get a chain to operate more effectively. The authors examine the desirability of integrated supply chains.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Targeting the Microtubular Network as a New Antimyeloma Strategy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 43K, Effects of nocodazole alone or in combination with dexamethasone on myeloma tumor growth.&lt;/p&gt;
Effect of the crystal plane figure on the catalytic performance of MnO2for the total oxidation of propane (2015)

Nanosized MnO2 particles with α-, β-, γ-, and δ-crystal phases were synthesized hydrothermally, and characterized by XRD, SEM, HR-TEM, low temperature N2 adsorption, TPR, TPD, FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy. The density functional theory (DFT) method was used to calculate the adsorption of propane and O2 on MnO2 catalysts. The effect of the crystal phases or crystal plane figure on the catalytic properties of MnO2 for the total oxidation of propane was evaluated. The results showed that α-, β- and γ-MnO2 exhibited a 1D structure, and δ-MnO2 was a 2D layered-structure material. For deep oxidation of propane, the catalytic activities of the MnO2 samples decreased in the order of α- ≈ γ- > β- > δ-MnO2. Compared with the other three MnO2 samples, α-MnO2 exhibited the highest catalytic activity and stability for propane oxidation, its T10 and T90 were 204 °C and 290 °C, respectively. For the different crystal phases of MnO2, there are distinct differences in the chemical bonds (Mn–O–Mn and Mn–O) and linking modes of [MnO6] octahedra, the adsorption energies of propane on the surface of MnO2 are varied in the order of (310) facet of α- > (120) of γ- > (110) of β- > (001) of δ-MnO2, and the presence of translational motion in α-MnO2 along with its stronger deformation and stretching modes may lead to its better catalytic activity for propane oxidation.
Functionalized Multiwall Carbon Nanotube/Gold Nanoparticle Composites (2004)

Multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were chemically oxidized in a mixture of sulfuric acid and nitric acid (3:1) while being ultrasonicated. The effect of oxidative ultrasonication at room temperature on development of functional groups on the carbon nanotubes was investigated. The dispersability and the carboxylic acid group concentration of functionalized MWCNTs (fMWNTs) varied with reaction time. The concentration of carboxylic acid groups on fMWNTs increased from 4 x 10(-4) mol/g of fMWNTs to 1.1 x 10(-3) mol/g by doubling the treatment period from 4 to 8 h. The colloidal stability of aqueous fMWCNTs dispersions was enhanced through elongated oxidation. fMWCNTs that were reacted longer than 4 h did not precipitate in aqueous media for at least 24 h. The layer-by-layer self-assembly of polyelectrolytes on fMWCNTs was characterized by zeta potential measurements. The zeta potential of fMWCNTs changed from negative charge to positive charge when cationic polyelectrolytes were self-assembled on their surface. With addition of anionic polyelectrolytes, cationic polyelectrolyte coated fMWCNTs showed the expected charge reversal as expected for multilayer self-assembly. Complex formation of positively charged gold nanoparticles and negatively charged fMWCNTs was achieved with and without polyelectrolyte coatings by electrostatic interaction. The complex formation was characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The here found complex formation of positively charged colloidal gold and defect sites on fMWNTs indicates the location of functional groups on carbon nanotubes. It is suggested that positively charged colloids such as gold nanoparticles could be used for detection of defect sites on carbon nanotubes.
Sensitivity and specificity of clinical case definitions for pertussis. (1988)

We evaluated the diagnostic performance of 15 clinical case definitions for pertussis in 233 patients who developed acute respiratory illness during community outbreaks in Wisconsin and Delaware. Using results from culture (Regan-Lowe media) and serology (Ig-class-specific ELISA) as diagnostic standards, cough for greater than or equal to 14 days was both sensitive (84 per cent-92 per cent) and specific (63 percent-90 per cent) in identifying patients with pertussis. This definition may be useful in monitoring pertussis outbreaks and for investigating contacts of culture-positive cases.
Deletion of C-reactive protein ameliorates experimental cerebral malaria? (2014)

BACKGROUND: C-reactive protein (CRP) level correlates with parasitemia and severity of malaria, but whether this reflects causality remains unknown. METHODS: Using CRP-transgenic and CRP-deficient mice we compared the onset and severity of experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) induced by Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA). RESULTS: CRP-deficient mice were most resistant to ECM. CONCLUSIONS: CRP might contribute to the development of cerebral malaria, rather than protect against it.
Compensation in Ge-doped InP (1990)

The electronic and optical properties of Ge-doped vapor epitaxial indium phosphide were studied. From Hall-effect measurements, it was determined that the Ge-doped material was heavily compensated even for highly doped material. The defects responsible for compensating the InP were investigated by low-temperature photoluminescence measurements at 10 K. Strong acceptor-related transitions at 1.379 and 1.395 eV were observed in the doped material. Deep-level emission at 1.17 eV was also observed in the heavily doped material. The relationship between these bands and compensation is discussed. The observed doping dependence of Ge in InP suggests that self-compensation by native defects may be important in determining the electronic properties of group IV doped III-V compounds in support of recent theoretical predictions.