gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A multilevel passenger screening problem for aviation security (2006)

Abstract Passenger prescreening is a critical component of aviation security systems. This paper introduces the Multilevel Allocation Problem (MAP), which models the screening of passengers and baggage in a multilevel aviation security system. A passenger is screened by one of several classes, each of which corresponds to a set of procedures using security screening devices, where passengers are differentiated by their perceived risk levels. Each class is defined in terms of its fixed cost (the overhead costs), its marginal cost (the additional cost to screen a passenger), and its security level. The objective of MAP is to assign each passenger to a class such that the total security is maximized subject to passenger assignments and budget constraints. This paper shows that MAP is NP‐hard and introduces a Greedy heuristic that obtains approximate solutions to MAP that use no more than two classes. Examples are constructed using data extracted from the Official Airline Guide. Analysis of the examples suggests that fewer security classes for passenger screening may be more effective and that using passenger risk information can lead to more effective security screening strategies. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2006
DTC-IM drive with 5-level hybrid cascaded h-bridge inverter (2014)

Due to control simplicity and easy applicability DTC has become popular and adopted in many industrial applications. But it still suffers from a few drawbacks like- comparatively large torque ripple in a low speed range and its performance is highly depended on speed of the motor and hysteresis bands of torque and flux ripple. To address these problems, this paper represents a direct torque control (DTC) strategy for induction motor (IM), utilizing hybrid cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter (HMLI) extending the idea of basic two level DTC proposed by Takahashi. Simulation results shows that the DTC drive performance has been considerably improved in terms of lower torque and flux ripple and less THD. These have been evaluated by simulation and compared with the basic DTC developed by Takahashi and other DTC proposed to date.
Controlled Copolymerization of n-Butyl Acrylate with Nonpolar 1-Alkenes Using Activators Regenerated by Electron Transfer for Atom-Transfer Radical Polymerization (2007)

Controlled copolymerization of n-butyl acrylate with 1-octene was achieved by ARGET (activators regenerated by electron transfer) ATRP (atom transfer radical polymerization) in anisole. When a normal ATRP of n-butyl acrylate and 1-octene was conducted, the polymerization resulted in relatively low conversion (<50%), limited control over the polymerization process, and high polydispersity (PDI = 1.6). This was due to formation of a dormant species by reaction of 1-octene radicals with Cu(II) deactivator that could not be reactivated. However, in ARGET ATRP with 10 ppm amounts of Cu-based catalyst, higher yields and a better controlled copolymerization were obtained because the low concentration of Cu(II) deactivator reduced the frequency of producing the nonreactive dormant species. When n-butyl acrylate and 1-octene were copolymerized with 10 ppm of CuCl2/TPMA vs monomer and 10 mol % of Sn(EH)2 vs initiator, a copolymer was prepared in higher yield and with low polydispersity (PDI < 1.4).
Heat Inactivation Kinetics of Apple Polyphenoloxidase and Activation of its Latent Form (1997)

ABSTRACT Heat inactivation kinetics of crude polyphenoloxidase (PPO) from six apple cultivars (Golden Delicious, Starking Delicious, Granny Smith; Gloster, Starcrimson and Amasya) were studied at three temperatures (68°, 73° and 78°C). PPO activity initially increased and then decreased with heat, following a first order kinetic model. Increase in activity indicated presence of latent PPO. Regression coefficients for the linear portions of inactivation curves were computed to determine inactivation parameters. Reaction data at 78°C revealed that PPO in Amasya was the least and Starking Delicious the most heat‐stable. Rate constants for heat inactivation at 78°C ranged from 15.99–28.27. 10 −2 min −1 . Activation energies varied between 54.7–77.2 kcal. mol −1 with z values of 7.1–10.0C°.PPO in apples was generally more heat‐stable than PPO in most fruits.
PREFACE TO VOL. I (2012)

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Resonance frequency of microbubbles in small blood vessels (2005)

Ultrasound contrast agents have the potential to be used for selective tissue and cell targeting, because they act as localized acoustic energy absorbers and emitters. Gas bubbles are more active as acoustic energy absorbers when they work at their natural oscillation frequency. Mathematical modeling suggests that the resonance frequency is strongly affected by the presence of boundaries represented by the blood vessel and it is in general lower than its free value. When microbubbles operate at their natural frequency, they absorb, and therefore emit, more energy. This localized energy may be used for many therapeutic purposes. The knowledge of the resonance frequency may allow specific diameter vessels to be targeted with minimal impact on the other vessels and surrounding tissues.
Self-Supervised Moving Vehicle Detection from Audio-Visual Cues (2022)

Robust detection of moving vehicles is a critical task for any autonomously operating outdoor robot or self-driving vehicle. Most modern approaches for solving this task rely on training image-based detectors using large-scale vehicle detection datasets such as nuScenes or the Waymo Open Dataset. Providing manual annotations is an expensive and laborious exercise that does not scale well in practice. To tackle this problem, we propose a self-supervised approach that leverages audio-visual cues to detect moving vehicles in videos. Our approach employs contrastive learning for localizing vehicles in images from corresponding pairs of images and recorded audio. In extensive experiments carried out with a real-world dataset, we demonstrate that our approach provides accurate detections of moving vehicles and does not require manual annotations. We furthermore show that our model can be used as a teacher to supervise an audio-only detection model. This student model is invariant to illumination changes and thus effectively bridges the domain gap inherent to models leveraging exclusively vision as the predominant modality.
Label-free optical sensing of proteins with porous silicon microcavities (2005)

We demonstrate a label free optical biosensor based on macroporous silicon microcavity. The biosensor is tested and characterized by using the streptavidin-biotin couple as a model system.
Motivational contraints: Entscheidungen innerhalb der Organisation (1976)

In Kapitel 2 haben wir gesehen, daß die traditionelle Organisationstheorie den menschlichen Organismus als einfache Maschine betrachtet. In diesem Modell sind die Führer in der Erreichung der Organisationsziele nur durch die Beschränkungen begrenzt, die ihnen durch die Kapazitäten, Geschwindigkeiten, Ausdauer und Kosten dieser einfachen „Maschinen“ auferlegt werden. Die von der Theorie in Angriff genommenen Probleme und die vorgeschlagenen Lösungen konzentrieren sich auf diese Beschränkungen.
Performance analysis of passive localization strategies: Direct one step approach versus 2 steps approach (2011)

In passive emitter localization context the problem of source localization by means of several arrays of sensors (base stations network) traditionally consists in 2 steps. In a first step, intermediate parameters (like angles-of-arrival or times-of-arrival …) are first estimated separately on each base station. In a second step, the positions are then estimated on a central process unit by means of the transmitted parameters. Recently, studies provide new algorithms dealing directly with all signals of all base stations together and providing the position of the emitters in a centralized "one step" procedure. In this article, we compare both approaches. We show that the differences lie in model structure relaxations, impacting the statistical performances. This study underlines the major improvements available for centralized one step processes.
Transepithelial Transport of YWDHNNPQIR and Its Metabolic Fate with Cytoprotection against Oxidative Stress in Human Intestinal Caco-2 Cells (2017)

Studies on antioxidant peptides extracted from foodstuff sources have included not only experiments to elucidate their chemical characteristics but also to investigate their bioavailability and intracellular mechanisms. This study was designed to clarify the absorption and antioxidative activity of YWDHNNPQIR (named RAP), which is derived from rapeseed protein using a Caco-2 cell transwell model. Results showed that 0.8% RAP (C<sub>0</sub> = 0.2 mM, t = 90 min) could maintain the original structure across the Caco-2 cell monolayers via the intracellular transcytosis pathway, and the apparent drug absorption rate (P<sub>app</sub>) was (6.6 ± 1.24) × 10<sup>-7</sup> cm/s. Three main fragments (WDHNNPQIR, DHNNPQIR, and YWDHNNPQ) and five modified peptides derived from RAP were found in both the apical and basolateral side of the Caco-2 cell transwell model. Among these new metabolites, WDHNNPQIR had the greatest antioxidative activity in Caco-2 cells apart from the DPPH assay. With a RAP concentration of 200 μM, there were significant differences in four antioxidative indicators (T-AOC, GSH-Px, SOD, and MDA) compared to the oxidative stress control (P < 0.05). In addition, RAP may also influence apoptosis of the Caco-2 cells, which was caused by AAPH-induced oxidative damage.
Correction: Pathogenic LRRK2 Mutations Do Not Alter Gene Expression in Cell Model Systems or Human Brain Tissue (2012)

Point mutations in LRRK2 cause autosomal dominant Parkinson's disease. Despite extensive efforts to determine the mechanism of cell death in patients with LRRK2 mutations, the aetiology of LRRK2 PD is not well understood. To examine possible alterations in gene expression linked to the presence of LRRK2 mutations, we carried out a case versus control analysis of global gene expression in three systems: fibroblasts isolated from LRRK2 mutation carriers and healthy, nonmutation carrying controls; brain tissue from G2019S mutation carriers and controls; and HEK293 inducible LRRK2 wild type and mutant cell lines. No significant alteration in gene expression was found in these systems following correction for multiple testing. These data suggest that any alterations in basal gene expression in fibroblasts or cell lines containing mutations in LRRK2 are likely to be quantitatively small. This work suggests that LRRK2 is unlikely to play a direct role in modulation of gene expression, although it remains possible that this protein can influence mRNA expression under pathogenic cicumstances.
Polarographic assay and intracellular distribution of superoxide dismutase in rat liver. (1975)

1. A polarographic assay of superoxide (O2--) dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1) activity is described, in which the ability of the enzyme to inhibit O2---dependent sulphite oxidation, initiated by xanthine oxidase activity, is measured. The assay was used in a study of the intracellular distribution of superoxide dismutase in rat liver. Both cyanide-sensitive cupro-zinc dismutase (92% of the total activity) and cyanide-insensitive mangano-dismutase (8%) were measured. 2. Rat liver homogenates contained both particulate (16%y and soluble (84%) dismutase activity. The particulate activity contained both types of dismutase, whereas nearly all the soluble dismutase was a cupro-zinc enzymes. The distribution pattern of mangano-dismutase was similar to that of cytochrome oxidase and glutamate dehydrogenase, indicating that the enzyme was probably present exclusively in the mitochondria. 3. Superoxide dismutase activity in the heavy-mitochondrial (M) fraction was latent and was activated severalfold and largely solubilized by sonication. Treatment of the M fraction with digitonin or a hypo-osmotic suspending medium indicated that most of the cupro-zinc dismutase was located in the mitochondrial intermembrane space, whereas the mangano-enzyme was located in the inner-membrane and matrix space. 4. A small amount of dismutase activity appeared to be present in the nuclei and microsomal fraction, but little or no activity in the lysosomes or peroxisomes. 5. The results are discussed in relation to the intracellular location of known O2---generating enzymes, the possible role of superoxide dismutase activity in intracellular H2O2 formation, and to current views on the physiological function of the enzyme.
Routing in Communications Networks (1995)

I. CIRCUIT-SWITCHING NETWORKS. AT&Ts Dynamic Routing Network, G.R. Ash Dynamic Alternative Routing, R.J. Gibbens, F.P. Kelly, and P.B. Key II. PACKET-SWITCHING NETWORKS. Distance Vector Routing, G.S. Malkin and M.E. Steenstrup Inter-Domain Routing: EGP, BGP, and IDRP, Y. Rekhter Link State Routing, J. Moy AppleTalk Routing, A.B. Oppenheimer and F. Kuang SNA Routing, A. Garuge III. HIGH-SPEED NETWORKS. Routing in Optical Networks, J. Bannister, M. Gerla, and M. Kovacevic On Routing in ATM Networks, S. Gupta, K.W. Ross, and M. El Zarki Routing in the plaNET Network, I. Cidon and R. Guerin Deflection Routing, F. Borgonovo IV. MOBILE NETWORKS. Routing in Cellular Mobile Radio Communications Networks, J. Ketchum Packet Radio Routing, G.S. Lauder
LbL multilayer capsules: recent progress and future outlook for their use in life sciences (2010)

In this review we provide an overview of the recent progress in designing composite polymer capsules based on the Layer-by-Layer (LbL) technology demonstrated so far in material science, focusing on their potential applications in medicine, drug delivery and catalysis. The benefits and limits of current systems are discussed and the perspectives on emerging strategies for designing novel classes of therapeutic vehicles are highlighted.
Antigenic release of paf-acether and beta-glucuronidase from alveolar macrophages of asthmatics. (1987)

Alveolar macrophages (AM) from control (n = 12) and atopic patients (n = 19, 12 without treatment, 4 treated with theophylline and 3 with theophylline and corticosteroid) were compared for their capacity to release mediators. AM were purified by 2 h adherence and challenged with either ubiquitous allergen, specific sensitizing allergens, anti-IgG or anti-IgE serum. The release of paf-acether, lyso paf-acether and beta-glucuronidase was measured. Paf-acether and its lyso derivative were assayed on washed rabbit platelets. Enzyme and mediator releases were obtained after specific allergenic or anti-IgE serum challenge of AM from untreated atopic patients. No release of paf-acether was detected from AM, from control or treated atopic patients after in vitro immunological challenge, whereas that of lyso paf-acether was greatly reduced in both treated groups. Release was obtained by immunological challenge of AM from control patients after passive sensitization with atopic serum. The release of mediators with bronchoconstriction activity by AM could represent an alternative causal pathway in human asthma.
Modification of guanine nucleotide-regulatory components in brain membranes. I. Changes in guanosine 5'-triphosphate regulation of opiate receptor-binding sites. (1984)

Guanine nucleotides regulate binding of opiate agonists to membrane receptors by increasing agonist dissociation rates. The current study demonstrates that the ability of guanosine 5'-triphosphate (GTP) and its nonhydrolyzable analogue guanylyl-5'-imidodiphosphate (Gpp(NH)p) to inhibit opiate agonist binding to rat brain membranes can be altered by two methods: by preincubating with EDTA, and by preincubating at pH 4.5. EDTA pretreatment increased the potency of Gpp(NH)p in inhibiting [3H]morphine binding by 4-fold, with little apparent change in the maximum effect of Gpp(NH)p or on levels of binding itself. The effect of EDTA pretreatment was blocked by prior incubation of membranes with excess calcium or manganese but could not be reversed by any divalent cation if the EDTA incubation was longer than 10 min. EDTA pretreatment increased the effects of GTP on dissociation rates of agonists. Pretreatment of membranes at pH 4.5 increased the ability of guanine nucleotides to regulate agonist binding by increasing the maximum effect of Gpp(NH)p from 50% to 80% inhibition of [3H]morphine binding with minor increase in potency of Gpp(NH)p. The actions of EDTA and low pH pretreatments were additive when both were conducted on the same membranes. These results suggest that modification of brain membranes can alter the interaction of receptors with guanine nucleotide-regulatory components which may lead to changes in post-receptor membrane events.
Nonparallel stability of two-dimensional nonuniformly heated boundary-layer flows (1979)

An analysis is presented for the linear stability of water boundary‐layer flows over nonuniformly heated flat plates. Included in the analysis are disturbances due to velocity, pressure, temperature, density, and transport properties as well as variations in the liquid properties with temperature. The method of multiple scales is used to account for the nonparallelism of the mean flow. In contrast with previous analyses, the nonsimilarity of the mean flow is taken into account. No analysis agrees, even qualitatively, with the experimental data when similar profiles are used. However, both the parallel and nonparallel results qualitatively agree with the experimental results of Strazisar and Reshotko when nonsimilar profiles are used.
Structure and water dynamics of aqueous peptide solutions in the presence of co-solvents (2009)

We perform neutron diffraction and quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS) to probe hydration water structure, and dynamics down to supercooled temperatures, of a concentrated amphiphilic peptide system with the co-solvents glycerol and dimethyl sulfoxide. We find that the kosmotropic co-solvent glycerol preserves the hydration structure near the peptide that is observed in the water solvent alone, that in turn preserves the dynamical temperature trends of two water relaxation processes--one corresponding to a localized relaxation process of the peptide bound surface water and a second relaxation process of the outer hydration layers. By contrast the chaotropic co-solvent, by disrupting the hydration layer near the peptide surface, eliminates the inner hydration layer relaxation process induced by the peptide, to show a single time scale for translational water dynamics.
SU-FF-J-108: Simultaneous RapidARC Treatment and 4D-CBCT Verification (2009)

Purpose: To evaluate the quality of 4D-CBCT images acquired during a RapidARC treatment. Methods and Materials: A RapidARC plan (879 MUs, treatment time: 1.5min) was delivered to a 2 cm moving target in a lung phantom. Simultaneous kilovoltage projection images were acquired during the RadpidARC delivery. Each image was identified with the respiratory phase using information from the RPM system, and the kilovoltage projections were sorted by breathing phase (10 bins), filtered with a Shepp-Logan filter and reconstructed into CBCT image sets using an FDK algorithm. The target sphere and a fiducial were located in all 10 4D-CBCT sets using an edge-detection software tool, and the detected target motion was compared with the known motion. These experiments were repeated using target motion following a breathing trace obtained from a real patient (14 cm amplitude, 5 sec period), and four different simulated traces with target amplitudes ranging from 5 mm to 20 mm, 4.5 second period and sin6 motion. For the real patient trace, the motion was in three dimensions. For the other four cases, the motion was constrained to the cranial-caudal direction. Results: The motion of the fiducial and the target sphere detected in the 4D CBCT images were found to have an accuracy of 0.156 mm ± 1.03 mm and 0.4 mm ± 0.22 mm for the sphere and the fiducial, respectively. The diameter of the sphere was measured in each phase for each experiment with an accuracy of 0.46 mm ± 0.78 mm. Conclusions: A 4D-CBCT acquired during a RapidARC treatment can detect target shifts and breathing amplitudes, providing four-dimensional markerless information of a target during treatment.
Ephrin-Eph signaling usage by a variety of viruses (2020)

Ephrin-Eph signaling is a receptor tyrosine kinase signaling pathway involved in a variety of cellular mechanisms, of which many are related to the adhesion or migration of cells. Both the Eph receptor and ephrin ligand are abundantly present on a wide variety of cell types, and strongly evolutionary conserved. This review provides an overview of how 18 genetically diverse viruses utilize the Eph receptor (Eph), ephrin ligand (ephrin) or ephrin-Eph signaling to their advantage in their viral life cycle. Both Ephs and ephrins have been shown to serve as entry receptors for a variety of viruses, via both membrane fusion and endocytosis. Ephs and ephrins are also involved in viral transmission by vectors, associated with viral replication or persistence and lastly to neurological damage caused by viral infection. Although therapeutic opportunities targeting Ephs or ephrins do not seem feasible yet, the current research does propose two models for the viral usage of ephrin-Eph signaling. Firstly, the viral entry model, in which membrane molecules are used for viral entry, leading to cells being used for replication or as a transporter. Secondly, the advantageous expression ephrin-Eph signaling model, where viruses adapt the expression of Ephs or ephrins to change cell-cell interaction to their advantage. These models can guide future research questions on the usage of Ephs or ephrins by viruses and therapeutic opportunities.
Obesity may be associated with adjacent-segment degeneration after single-level transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion in spinopelvic-mismatched patients with a minimum 2-year follow-up (2020)

In patients who have a PI-LL mismatch, obesity may be associated with an increased risk of surgery for ASD after TLIF, but in obese patients without PI-LL mismatch, this association was not observed.
Lidar observation of gravity and tidal waves in the stratosphere and mesosphere (1981)

Lidar measurements of atmospheric density and temperature in the altitude range 30‐to 80 km have been performed during the last 2 years from the Observatory of Haute‐Provence (latitude 44°N, longitude, 6°E). The potential of this technique for studying the middle atmospheric structure is presented and preliminary results on wave propagation are discussed. It is shown that wave‐like structures are observed systematically in this height range. Fourier analysis indicates that most of the energy is transported by waves of vertical wavelengths on the order of 8 to 15 km. The amplitude of the density variations is shown to follow a ρ −l/2 law up to 70 km. The characteristics of the observed density waves suggest that they are caused by a superposition of internal gravity waves propagating upward from the troposphere and a diurnal tide component in the range 30–50 km. Such waves are able to induce quite significant perturbations in atmospheric density and therefore temperature on an hourly basis. The Lidar technique is able to monitor those variations for the first time from a ground station operating continuously.