gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cerebral blood flow in the neonate (2013)

Ensuring adequate oxygenation of the developing brain is the cornerstone of neonatal critical care. Despite decades of clinical research dedicated to this issue of paramount importance, our knowledge and understanding regarding the physiology and pathophysiology of neonatal cerebral blood flow are still rudimentary. This review primarily focuses on currently available human clinical and experimental data on cerebral blood flow and autoregulation in the preterm and term infant. Limitations of systemic blood pressure values as surrogates for monitoring adequate cerebral oxygen delivery are discussed. Particular emphasis is placed on the high interindividual variability in cerebral blood flow values, vasoreactivity, and autoregulatory thresholds making the applications of normative values highly questionable. Technical and ethical difficulties to conduct such trials leave us with a near complete lack of knowledge on how pharmacological and surgical interventions impact on cerebral autoregulation. The ensemble of these works argues for the necessity of highly individualized care by taking advantage of continuous bedside monitoring of cerebral circulation. They also point to the urgent need for further studies addressing the exciting but difficult issue of cerebral blood flow autoregulation in the neonate.
A novel resonant gate driver for high frequency synchronous buck converters (2002)

This paper introduces a new resonant gate driver for both the top and bottom switches of a synchronous buck converter. A coupled inductor is used to reduce the size as well as to transfer energy between the top and bottom gate driving. A possible semiconductor integration approach is proposed for this resonant gate driver based on a self-adaptive control method. Theoretical analysis, simulation and experimental results prove that the proposed driver can greatly reduce the gate driving loss and that it is well suited to high-frequency applications.
Rapid Bacterial Whole-Genome Sequencing to Enhance Diagnostic and Public Health Microbiology (2013)

The speed, accuracy, and depth of information provided by WGS platforms to confirm or refute outbreaks in hospitals and the community, and to accurately define transmission of multidrug-resistant and other organisms, represents an important advance.
Protein Kinase A Anchoring via AKAP150 Is Essential for TRPV1 Modulation by Forskolin and Prostaglandin E2in Mouse Sensory Neurons (2008)

Phosphorylation-dependent modulation of the vanilloid receptor TRPV1 is one of the key mechanisms mediating the hyperalgesic effects of inflammatory mediators, such as prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)). However, little is known about the molecular organization of the TRPV1 phosphorylation complex and specifically about scaffolding proteins that position the protein kinase A (PKA) holoenzyme proximal to TRPV1 for effective and selective regulation of the receptor. Here, we demonstrate the critical role of the A-kinase anchoring protein AKAP150 in PKA-dependent modulation of TRPV1 function in adult mouse dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. We found that AKAP150 is expressed in approximately 80% of TRPV1-positive DRG neurons and is coimmunoprecipitated with the capsaicin receptor. In functional studies, PKA stimulation with forskolin markedly reduced desensitization of TRPV1. This effect was blocked by the PKA selective inhibitors KT5720 [(9S,10R,12R)-2,3,9,10,11,12-hexahydro-10-hydroxy-9-methyl-1-oxo-9,12-epoxy-1H-diindolo[1,2,3-fg:3',2',1'-kl]pyrrolo[3,4-i][1,6]benzodiazocine-10-carboxylicacid hexyl ester] and H89 (N-[2-(p-bromo-cinnamylamino)-ethyl]-5-isoquinoline-sulfon-amide 2HCl), as well as by the AKAP inhibitory peptide Ht31. Similarly, PGE(2) decreased TRPV1 desensitization in a manner sensitive to the PKA inhibitor KT5720. Both the forskolin and PGE(2) effects were strongly impaired in DRG neurons from knock-in mice that express a mutant AKAP150 lacking the PKA-binding domain (Delta36 mice). Protein kinase C-dependent sensitization of TRPV1 remained intact in Delta36 mice. The PGE(2)/PKA signaling defect in DRG neurons from Delta36 mice was rescued by overexpressing the full-length human ortholog of AKAP150 in these cells. In behavioral testing, PGE(2)-induced thermal hyperalgesia was significantly diminished in Delta36 mice. Together, these data suggest that PKA anchoring by AKAP150 is essential for the enhancement of TRPV1 function by activation of the PGE(2)/PKA signaling pathway.
New pyrimidine-based photo-switchable bent-core liquid crystals (2013)

The first examples of liquid crystalline pyrimidine-based photo-switchable bent-core monomers incorporating azobenzene as side arms linked with terminal double bonds as polymerizable functional groups are synthesized and characterized. Polarizing optical microscopy (POM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction analysis reveal that the bent-shaped lower homologue compounds are crystalline in nature whereas higher homologue compounds display the stable enantiotropic B6 phase. They exhibit fast photoisomerization effects in solution and relatively slow photoisomerization effects in liquid crystal cells. In solution both trans–cis and cis–trans occur at around 3 s and 200 s, respectively, whereas in solids they occur at around 10 s to 200 min. These are some of the first examples of azobenzene liquid crystals which exhibit very fast switching properties in solutions.
Lipopolysaccharide-induced Maturation of Bone Marrow-derived Dendritic Cells Is Regulated by Notch Signaling through the Up-regulation of CXCR4 (2009)

Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen presenting cells to initiate immune response against pathogens, but mechanisms controlling the maturation of DCs are unclear. Here we report that, in the absence of recombination signal binding protein-Jkappa (RBP-J, the transcription factor mediating Notch signaling), lipopolysaccharide-stimulated monocyte-derived DCs are arrested at a developmental stage with few dendrites, low major histocompatibility complex II (MHC II) expression, and reduced motility and antigen presentation ability. RBP-J null DCs had lower expression of CXCR4. Transduction with a CXCR4-expressing lentivirus rescued developmental arrest of RBP-J-deficient DCs. Activation of Notch signaling in DCs up-regulated CXCR4 expression and increased the outgrowth of dendrites and the expression of MHC II. These effects were abrogated by a CXCR4 inhibitor. Therefore, Notch signaling is essential for DCs to transit from a dendrite(low)MHC II(low) immature state into a dendrite(high)MHC II(high) mature state, during the lipopolysaccharide-induced DC maturation, most likely through the up-regulation of CXCR4.
A Controllable Membrane-Type Humidifier for Fuel Cell Applications—Part I: Operation, Modeling and Experimental Validation (2010)

For temperature and humidity control of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) reactants, a membrane based external humidification system was designed and constructed. Here we develop and validate a physics based, low-order, control-oriented model of the external humidification system dynamics based on first principles. This model structure enables the application of feedback control for thermal and humidity management of the fuel cell reactants. The humidification strategy posed here deviates from standard internal humidifiers that are relatively compact and cheap but prohibit active humidity regulation and couple reactant humidity requirements to the PEMFC cooling demands. Additionally, in developing our model, we reduced the number of sensors required for feedback control by employing a dynamic physics based estimation of the air-vapor mixture relative humidity leaving the humidification system (supplied to the PEMFC) using temperature and pressure measurements. A simple and reproducible methodology is then employed for parameterizing the humidification system model using experimental data.
The NORMAN phantom vs. the BOMAB phantom: are they different? (2008)

This paper describes the implementation of the NORMAN phantom with the Human Monitoring Laboratory's Monte Carlo simulator, the problems that were encountered, and their solution. The NORMAN phantom has been compared with the reference man BOMAB phantom in three different whole body counting geometries: a scanning detector system (WBC1), and two stand-up whole body counters (WBC2, WBC3) that have different reference points for their counting geometry. The average agreement (taken over all energies) of the two phantoms is approximately a factor of 1.15 on any given counting system. For the first two systems (WBC1, WBC2) the BOMAB has the highest counting efficiency, whereas it is reversed on the third system (WBC3). Considering the differences between the two phantoms, the agreement is good.
Skin‐Adhesive Flexible Force Sensors Based on Piezoelectric Poly(l‐lactic acid) for Human Behavior Recognition (Adv. Mater. Technol. 14/2023) (2023)

Flexible Force Sensors In article 2202142, Terry Tao Ye, Zhaoli Gao, Jian Yang, and co-workers present the layout of the skin-adhesive force sensor based on piezoelectric poly(l-Lactic acid) and its potential applications in human behavior recognition, such as finger, wrist, and laryngeal knot movement. The sensor is composed of photocurable acrylate films, gold electrodes and poly(l-Lactic acid) film with a sandwiched structure, the acrylate film is skin-adhesive and transparent as a substrate. The piezoelectric signal of the sensor during swallowing is presented alongside with a human larynx. Finger pressing and wrist bending are listed in the bottom of cover.
Atmospheric Peroxy Radical Measurements Using Dual-Channel Chemical Amplification Cavity Ringdown Spectroscopy (2014)

Peroxy (HO2 and RO2) radicals are important intermediates in tropospheric oxidation of hydrocarbons, and their accurate atmospheric measurements remain challenging. In this work, the peroxy radical chemical amplification (PERCA) method was combined with cavity ringdown spectroscopy (CRDS) to develop a dual-channel instrument for measurements of atmospheric peroxy radicals. In the amplification channel, the peroxy radicals were converted in an excess amount of NO and CO into a higher level of NO2 and measured along with the background NO2, while in the reference channel, only the background NO2 (ambient NO2 and NO2 converted from O3 reaction with NO) was monitored. The NO2 levels from both channels were measured simultaneously at a high time resolution (~1 s) using two identical CRDS systems with one 408.5-nm diode laser, and their difference gave the amplified NO2 from PERCA. The peroxy radical concentration was obtained from the amplified NO2 and the calibrated amplification factor or chain length (CL). The optimized CL was 190 ± 20 (1σ) using laboratory-generated HO2 and CH3O2 radical sources. The detection sensitivity was 4 ppt/10 s (3σ). Ambient measurements in Riverside, CA were carried out. This dual-channel diode-laser PERCA-CRDS instrument was compact and capable of providing real-time, in situ, and sensitive measurements of atmospheric peroxy radicals with fast time response.
The differential impact of a native and a non‐native ragwort species (Senecioneae) on the first and second trophic level of the rhizosphere food web (2017)

Whereas the impact of exotic plant species on above‐ground biota is relatively well‐documented, far less is known about the effects of non‐indigenous plants on the first and second trophic level of the rhizosphere food web. Here, rhizosphere communities of the invasive narrow‐leaved ragwort Senecio inaequidens and the native tansy ragwort Jacobaea vulgaris, co‐occurring in three semi‐natural habitats are compared. For both species, two life stages were taken into consideration. Quantitative PCR assays for the analyses of bacterial and fungal communities at a high taxonomic level were optimized, and it was investigated whether changes in the primary decomposer community were translated in alterations in bacterivorous and fungivorous nematode communities. In contrast to J. vulgaris , small but significant reductions were observed for Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes (both p &lt; 0.05) in case of the invasive S. inaequidens . More pronounced changes were detected for the overall nematode community density, and, more specifically, for the bacterivorous genus Anaplectus and the family Monhysteridae (both p &lt; 0.05), as well as the necromenic Pristionchus (p &lt; 0.001). At high taxonomic level, no differences were observed in fungal rhizosphere communities between native and non‐native ragwort species. The impact of plant developmental stages on rhizosphere biota was prominent. The overall bacterial and fungal biomasses, as well as a remarkably consistent set of constituents (Actinobacteria, α‐ and β‐Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes) were negatively affected by plant stage for both ragwort species. Although later developmental stages of plants generally coincided with lower levels for individual nematode taxa, densities of the fungivorous genera Diphtherophora and Tylolaimophorus remain unaltered. Hence, even at a high taxonomic level, differential effects of native and non‐native ragwort could be pinpointed. However, plant developmental stage has a more prominent impact and this impact was similar in nature for both native and non‐native ragwort species.
Part I: Synthesis and solvolysis of endo- and exo-bicyclo[2.1.0]-pentane-2-carbinyltosylates ; Part II: Synthesis and metal-catalysed rearrangements of 2-aryl- and 2-(pyridyl)bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes / (1976)

The syntheses and solvolyses of endo-and exo-faicyclo[2.1.03pentane-2-carbinyl tosyl a tes, (1) and ( 2), are described.The sol-O j volysis of 1 gave es-3-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexanol,(3), as the only r\j product.In contrast, solvolysed to give a mixture of eio-and *jt'a?zfr-2-bicyclo[3.1 .Ojhexanols, (4) and ( 5), 3-cyclohexenol-, (), and oiefinic products.Labeling 1 and 2 with deuterium at Cc followed by solvolysis Oj O. u indicated that 1^ solvolysed with migration of the Cj-C2 bond to form the tr-^-homocyclopropenyl cation, as the deuterium labeling in 3 was equally distributed over the 2-, 4-, and 6-positions.Solvolysi of 2d2 proceeded with exclusive migration of the C2-C3 bond to form r.he 2-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexylcation, as 4 and 5 had deuterium only in the 3-position while 6 was labeled a t the 5-position.These re sults and th e ir mechanistic implications are discussed.
Plasma Etch Void Formed at the SiC Film/Si Substrate Interface (1998)

Cubic silicon carbide films are grown on the Si (111) substrate by means of hydrogen plasma sputtering. Formation mechanisms of the hollow voids at the SiC film/Si substrate interface are studied by varying both the film growth temperature from 650°C to 850°C, and the film growth time from 2 s to 55 h. A two-step etching model is proposed to explain the formation mechanisms, based on our experimental results. The etching first starts from the point defects, and etch pits first appear near the Si substrate surface. When this first etching stops due to growth of a SiC film on the first etch pits, subseguent etching starts around the first etch pits and results in the hollow voids at the film/substrate interface at substrate temperatures above 650°C. The depth of the hollow voids becomes constant with growth time after a continuous SiC film is formed over the Si substrate.
Optical low coherence reflectometry with 1.9 μm spatial resolution (1992)

An optical low coherence reflectometer is presented which uses an all-fibre Michelson interferometer with the fluorescence light of a Ti:Al2O3 crystal as a light source. The broad spectrum of the fluorescence allows a maximal spatial resolution of 1.9 μm to be reached, with a dynamic range of 80 dB.
Development of noise resistant hybrid capacitive-resistive electrodes for wearable robotics, computing and welfare (2013)

Myoelectrical signals have many applications in medical, sports, wearable robotics and computing fields. Wet electrodes are widely used to acquire these signals. In contrast, dry contact electrodes and noncontact capacitive coupling electrodes have been developed. However, their use has several limitations. In this research, we developed a hybrid electrode that is capable of both capacitive and resistive recordings by optimizing the sensor input impedance value using a new electrode noise model that contained noise sources. We extend this design so that noise originated during real usage, such as motion artifacts and noise from electric motors is also measured and removed from the sensor output. In experiments, noise analysis and experiments were performed by measuring myoelectrical signals from both upper and lower limbs in realistic situations, including weight lifting, robot arm control, and walking on a treadmill. As the results, we verified that our electrodes were capable of bioelectrical measurements at noise levels comparable to wet electrodes in realistic situations and with high correlation coefficients between both types of sensors.
[The composition, biochemical properties and toxicity of snake venoms]. (2010)

2.5 million cases of snake bites are noticed in the world every year (within 100,000 is mortal). These bites occur frequently in Asia and Africa. Some reports proved the toxicity and composition changes of well-known venoms from the same snake species according to the climatic zone. Snake venom is a natural source of many biologically active substances, including those with potential therapeutic properties. These substances contain peptides, proteins, and enzymes which are divided into five subfamilies: three-finger toxins, serine protease inhibitors of the Kunitz type, phospholipases A2, serine proteases, and metalloproteases. All snake venoms are grouped depending on their mode of action. They usually cause neurotransmission disorders, cardiotoxic action, hemostasis disorders, and have central nervous system and necrotic activity.
‘Don't let kids play football’: a killer idea (2016)

Recent calls to ban or curb youth tackle football, rugby and other contact sports markedly underplay an essential point: it is generally more dangerous for youth to be sedentary than to risk injury playing a contact sport. And for many kids, sports are the only thing that will get them away from smartphones and off the couch.

Please hear us out. As experts in paediatrics, sports medicine and injury biomechanics, we understand that brain injury caused by blows to the head in sports is a serious medical issue for athletes of all ages. But the answer is not shutting down youth sports programmes, as some well-intentioned advocates suggest. We are convinced this would have unintended consequences and ultimately do more harm than good.

We also must recognise the limitations of current science. If concussions seem to be on the rise,1 it is possible that caregivers are doing a better job than ever identifying them when they happen. Also, more kids, especially girls, are playing all sports than they were decades ago. Moreover, the highly publicised brain damage known as chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), discovered in a targeted sample of …
Data from The Effect of Change in Body Mass Index on Volumetric Measures of Mammographic Density (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Background:&lt;/b&gt; Understanding how changes in body mass index (BMI) relate to changes in mammographic density is necessary to evaluate adjustment for BMI gain/loss in studies of change in density and breast cancer risk. Increase in BMI has been associated with a decrease in percent density, but the effect on change in absolute dense area or volume is unclear.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Methods:&lt;/b&gt; We examined the association between change in BMI and change in volumetric breast density among 24,556 women in the San Francisco Mammography Registry from 2007 to 2013. Height and weight were self-reported at the time of mammography. Breast density was assessed using single x-ray absorptiometry measurements. Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between BMI and dense volume (DV), non-dense volume (NDV), and percent dense volume (PDV) were assessed using multivariable linear regression models, adjusted for demographics, risk factors, and reproductive history.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; In cross-sectional analysis, BMI was positively associated with DV [β, 2.95 cm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.69–3.21] and inversely associated with PDV (β, −2.03%; 95% CI, −2.09, −1.98). In contrast, increasing BMI was longitudinally associated with a decrease in both DV (β, −1.01 cm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;; 95% CI, −1.59, −0.42) and PDV (β, −1.17%; 95% CI, −1.31, −1.04). These findings were consistent for both pre- and postmenopausal women.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; Our findings support an inverse association between change in BMI and change in PDV. The association between increasing BMI and decreasing DV requires confirmation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Impact:&lt;/b&gt; Longitudinal studies of PDV and breast cancer risk, or those using PDV as an indicator of breast cancer risk, should evaluate adjustment for change in BMI. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(11); 1724–30. ©2015 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Search for Nonspectator Decays of theD0 (1986)

The weak hadronic decay ${D}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\overline{K}}^{0}{K}^{+}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ is observed in a data sample of 9.3 ${\mathrm{pb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ collected with the Mark III detector at the $\ensuremath{\psi}(3770)$ resonance. An analysis of the ${K}^{+}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ subsystem suggests that while the decay proceeds in part through the ${\overline{K}}^{0}\ensuremath{\varphi}$ channel, providing evidence for the presence of nonspectator amplitudes in ${D}^{0}$ decays, a significant fraction of the decays occurs through both higher- and lower-mass ${K}^{+}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ systems. A limit is set on the decay ${D}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\overline{K}}^{0}{K}^{0}$, also thought to proceed by nonspectator processes.
Time Dependent Contraction Hierarchies -- Basic Algorithmic Ideas (2008)

Contraction hierarchies are a simple hierarchical routing technique that has proved extremely efficient for static road networks. We explain how to generalize them to networks with time-dependent edge weights. This is the first hierarchical speedup technique for time-dependent routing that allows bidirectional query algorithms.
Valorized soybean hulls as TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibril and polyethylenimine composite hydrogels and their potential removal of water pollutants (2023)

Abstract Cellulose nanomaterial (CNM) and polyethylenimine (PEI) composites have attracted growing attention due to their multifunctional characteristics, which have been applied in different fields. In this work, soybean hulls were valorized into carboxyl cellulose nanofibrils (COOH-CNFs), and composited into hydrogels with PEI by combining them with cationic chelating and physical adsorption strategies. Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) were produced from soybean hulls prior to oxidation by a TEMPO mediated reaction to obtain COOH–CNFs; then drops of zinc chloride were added to 1.5% aqueous COOH–CNF dispersions, which were left for 24 h to form COOH-CNF hydrogels. Finally, the hydrogels were functionalized using different concentration of PEI solutions over a range of pH values. Elemental analysis results showed that 20% aq. PEI at pH 11.6 is the optimum condition to synthesize the COOH–CNF/PEI hydrogels. Additionally, the adsorption efficiency for the removal of anionic methyl blue dyes and Cu(II) ions from water was tested, reaching 82.6% and 69.8%, respectively, after 24 h. These results demonstrate the great potential of COOH–CNF/PEI hydrogels as adsorbent materials for water remediation. Graphical abstract