gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Neuropeptides (Calcitonin Gene-related Peptide and Substance P) on Cultured Human Pulp Cells (1995)

The sensory neuropeptides substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide have been implicated in the mediation of pulpal inflammation. A possible role in healing following injury has also been suggested (Byers et al., 1990). This possibility has been investigated by an examination of a direct effect of substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide in vitro on fibroblast-like cells derived from human dental pulp. Cells were cultured for 48 hr in Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium plus 20% fetal calf serum and antibiotics. Substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide were added in the range from 10(-12) to 10(-4) mol/L. Fibroblast growth factor was used as a positive control. Effects on cell proliferation were assessed by cell counts (daily for 6 days) and [3H]-thymidine uptake (24 hr after the addition of peptides). An effect on cellular functional activity was measured by [35S]-sulfate incorporation into glycosaminoglycans, in confluent cell cultures. Both substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide showed concentration-dependent stimulation of cell proliferation. The maximum stimulation of approximately 40% was achieved at substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide concentrations of 10(-6) mol/L, comparable with stimulation by fibroblast growth factor. By contrast, little increase in glycosaminoglycan synthesis by confluent cells could be detected. The direct effect on pulp cells is consistent with a role of the neuropeptides in pulp healing. This is exerted at the level of cell proliferation, rather than functional activity.
From Project Mercury to the Breadboard Project (2019)

NASA’s Project Mercury began as a response to the cold war with the Soviet Union and had a number of goals: to place a manned spacecraft in orbital flight around the earth; to investigate man's performance capabilities and his ability to function in the environment of space and to recover the man and the spacecraft safely. An aspect of preflight testing included the use of an altitude chamber to test each capsule and allow the astronauts to engage in simulated missions within a vacuum environment. In 1985, the chamber was modified for an unusual mission. During 1985 into 1987, the chamber was converted to an environmentally-controlled, hydroponic plant growth chamber termed the “Biomass Production Chamber”. The chamber hosted crop studies of wheat, soybean, lettuce, potato, and tomato and demonstrated intensive, closed environment farming until decommissioned in late 2001. Significant findings included: the nutrient solution could be reconstituted without replacement for at least four crop cycles; cooling the nutrient solution was important for potato crops and; redundant sensor systems were important to ensure consistent control and data collection.
Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies and the Promise of Universal Vaccines: Where are we Now? (2013)

Recent research has provided strong support for the utility of broadly neutralizing antibodies generated against viruses, which inherently possess a high degree of antigenic variability (such as influenza virus or HIV) as a feasible means to prevent infection. Many of these antibodies share the ability to bind to highly conserved regions within the stem of the virus 'spike' or surface glycoprotein, in such a way that they interfere with virus entry, including membrane fusion. As a result, broadly neutralizing antibodies could be supplied to patients as a form of passive immunotherapy, as well as play a role in the design of new 'universal' vaccines and antiviral agents. The following article describes the most recent innovations in this exciting field.
Enzymatic release of germ tube-specific antigens from cell walls of Candida albicans (1985)

The differences between blastospores and germ tubes of Candida albicans, as previously shown by immunofluorescence, were further studied by comparing digests of cell walls of both growth forms. Organisms were surface labeled with 125I, and cell walls were digested enzymatically. When Zymolase digests were treated with polyclonal, polyspecific antiserum to C. albicans 441B, which stains only germ tubes in immunofluorescence assays, components of molecular weights 200,000 and 155,000 were immunoprecipitated from digests of germ tubes of strain B311, but nothing was recovered from blastospores. Whereas the 200,000-molecular-weight component was found in the three strains tested, the 155,000-molecular-weight component was found only in strain B311. When Zymolase digests were treated with unadsorbed antiserum, which stains both blastospores and germ tubes in immunofluorescence assays, an additional component was precipitated from digests of both growth forms with a molecular weight greater than the 200,000-molecular-weight marker. All three antigens were mannoproteins, as was shown by their abilities to bind concanavalin A and to be labeled by 125I. Also, all antigens were located on the cell surface, as was shown by the following criteria: adsorption of antisera with live organisms removed antibody to these components, and antibody eluted from surfaces of whole organisms precipitated all components. Components common to both growth forms, as well as germ tube-specific components, were detected in trypsin and chymotrypsin digests, but their molecular weights differed from those of Zymolase digests. Thus, germ tube-specific surface determinants as well as determinants common to both growth forms were detected on enzymatically released cell wall components.
Interactive simulation of one-dimensional flexible parts (2006)

Computer simulations play an ever growing role for the development of automotive products. Assembly simulation, as well as many other processes, are used systematically even before the first physical prototype of a vehicle is built in order to check whether particular components can be assembled easily or whether another part is in the way. Usually, this kind of simulation is limited to rigid bodies. However, a vehicle contains a multitude of flexible parts of various types: cables, hoses, carpets, seat surfaces, insulations, weatherstrips... Since most of the problems using these simulations concern one-dimensional components and since an intuitive tool for cable routing is still needed, we have chosen to concentrate on this category, which includes cables, hoses and wiring harnesses.This paper presents an interactive, real-time, numerically stable and physically accurate simulation tool for one-dimensional components. The modeling of bending and torsion follows the Cosserat model and is implemented with a generalized spring-mass system with a mixed coordinate system which features usual space coordinates for the positions of the points and quaternions for the orientation of the segments joining them. This structure allows us to formulate the springs based on the coordinates that are most appropriate for each type of interaction and leads to a banded system that is then solved iteratively with an energy minimizing algorithm.
Heat shock protein 70 binds caspase-activated DNase and enhances its activity in TCR-stimulated T cells (2003)

DNA fragmentation is a hallmark of cells undergoing apoptosis and is mediated mainly by the caspase-activated DNase (CAD or DNA-fragmentation factor 40 [DFF40]), which is activated when released from its inhibitor protein (ICAD or DFF45) upon apoptosis signals. Here we analyzed the effect of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) on CAD activity in T-cell receptor (TCR)-induced apoptosis using a T-cell line (TAg-Jurkat). Overexpression of Hsp70 significantly augmented the apoptotic cell death as well as DNA fragmentation in CD3/CD28- or staurosporine-stimulated cells. Following stimulation of cells with CD3/CD28 or staurosporine, Hsp70 was coprecipitated with free CAD, but not with CAD associated with ICAD. Furthermore, the purified Hsp70 dose-dependently augmented DNA-fragmentation activity of caspase-3-activated CAD in a cell-free system. Peptide-binding domain-deleted Hsp70 could neither bind nor augment its activity, while adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding domain-deleted Hsp70 or the peptide-binding domain itself bound CAD and augmented its activity. These results indicate that the the binding of Hsp70 to the activated CAD via the peptide-binding domain augments its activity. Although CAD lost its activity in an hour after being released from ICAD in vitro, its activity was retained after an hour of incubation in the presence of Hsp70, suggesting that Hsp70 may be involved in stabilization of CAD activity. Finally, CAD that had been coprecipitated with Hsp70 from the cell lysate of staurosporine-activated 293T cells induced chromatin DNA fragmentation and its activity was not inhibited by ICAD. These results suggest that Hsp70 binds free CAD in TCR-stimulated T cells to stabilize and augment its activity.
Are Baseline Levels of Gas6 and Soluble Mer Predictors of Mortality and Organ Damage in Patients with Sepsis? The Need-Speed Trial Database (2022)

Soluble tyrosine kinase receptor Mer (sMer) and its ligand Growth arrest-specific protein 6 (Gas6) are predictors of mortality in patients with sepsis. Our aim is to clarify whether their measurement at emergency department (ED) presentation is useful in risk stratification. We re-analyzed data from the Need-Speed trial, evaluating mortality and the presence of organ damage according to baseline levels of sMer and Gas6. 890 patients were eligible; no association with 7- and 30-day mortality was observed for both biomarkers (<i>p</i> > 0.05). sMer and Gas6 levels were significantly higher in acute kidney injury (AKI) patients compared to non-AKI ones (9.8 [4.1-17.8] vs. 7.9 [3.8-12.9] ng/mL and 34.8 [26.4-47.5] vs. 29.8 [22.1-41.6] ng/mL, respectively, for sMer and Gas6), and Gas6 also emerged as an independent AKI predictor (odds ratio (OR) 1.01 [1.00-1.02]). Both sMer and Gas6 independently predicted thrombocytopenia in sepsis patients not treated with anticoagulants (OR 1.01 [1.00-1.02] and 1.04 [1.02-1.06], respectively). Moreover, sMer was an independent predictor of both prothrombin time-international normalized ratio (PT-INR) > 1.4 (OR 1.03 [1.00-1.05]) and sepsis-induced coagulopathy (SIC) (OR 1.05 [1.02-1.07]). An early measurement of the sMer and Gas6 plasma concentration could not predict mortality. However, the biomarkers were associated with AKI, thrombocytopenia, PT-INR derangement and SIC, suggesting a role in predicting sepsis-related organ damage.
Wärmebehandlungen von Sinterrohmischungen (1981)

Die Möglichkeiten des partiellen Ersatzes von fossilen reaktionsträgen Energieträgern durch gasförmige und reaktivere feste Brennstoffe beschreibt die wesentlichen Ziele dieser Arbeit. Dabei wird neben einer Senkung der Bfennstoffkosten auch eine Minderung des Gesamtenergieverbrauches erwartet. Die Beeinflussung der Sinterqualität und der umweltbelastenden Emission werden ebenfalls berücksichtigt. Der Einsatz gasförmiger Energieträger soll durch gezielte Sauerstoffpotentialeinstellung unter Vermeidung der Zündung bis zu Temperaturbereichen beginnender partieller Koksvergasung erforscht werden.
Ionization Quenching Factor Measurement of Helium 4 (2008)

The ionization quenching factor (IQF) is defined as the fraction of energy released by a recoil in a medium through ionization compared with its total kinetic energy. At low energies, in the range of a few keV, the ionization produced in a medium falls rapidly and systematic measurements are needed. We report measurements carried out at such low energies as a function of the pressure in He4 at 350, 700, 1000 and 1300 mbar. In order to produce a nucleus moving with a controlled energy in the detection volume, we have developed an Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source (ECRIS) coupled to an ionization chamber by a differential pumping. The quenching factor of He4 has been measured for the first time down to 1 keV recoil energies. An important deviation with respect to the phenomenological calculations has been found allowing an estimation of the scintillation produced in He4 as a function of pressure. The variation of the IQF as a function of the percentage of isobutane, used as quencher, is also presented.
An international perspective (2022)

Chapter 2 draws on the international poverty literature, in order to provide context for the book. It provides a historical overview on how interpretations of poverty have evolved and how it has been defined and measured. This is followed by a more detailed review of both food poverty and food insecurity, including definitions, measurement and empirical findings. The chapter considers research on food bank use, which provides an indirect indication of food poverty. This leads to an investigation of risk factors associated with food poverty and the growth of food aid. An overview of core areas of social policy that potentially influence food poverty is also provided.
Line Voltage Regulation in Low Voltage Grids (2018)

Despite volatile distributed energy resources and numerous variable loads, low voltage microgrids are required to ensure the permitted voltage range through an optimized operation and coordinated control. In order to resolve voltage violations, this paper presents a research on a novel line voltage regulator for distribution grids and microgrids which is characterized by a high degree of robustness and minimum side effects on power quality. The paper deals with its setup and features as well as its performance and influence on power quality, which is demonstrated by laboratory tests.
Single-cell RNA-seq enables comprehensive tumour and immune cell profiling in primary breast cancer (2017)

Single-cell transcriptome profiling of tumour tissue isolates allows the characterization of heterogeneous tumour cells along with neighbouring stromal and immune cells. Here we adopt this powerful approach to breast cancer and analyse 515 cells from 11 patients. Inferred copy number variations from the single-cell RNA-seq data separate carcinoma cells from non-cancer cells. At a single-cell resolution, carcinoma cells display common signatures within the tumour as well as intratumoral heterogeneity regarding breast cancer subtype and crucial cancer-related pathways. Most of the non-cancer cells are immune cells, with three distinct clusters of T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes and macrophages. T lymphocytes and macrophages both display immunosuppressive characteristics: T cells with a regulatory or an exhausted phenotype and macrophages with an M2 phenotype. These results illustrate that the breast cancer transcriptome has a wide range of intratumoral heterogeneity, which is shaped by the tumour cells and immune cells in the surrounding microenvironment.
Research and Application of Targeting Nano-Drugs (2011)

Nano-drug, a new type drug, is rapidly developing with nanotechnologies in biology and medicine field. The development of nano-drug s will cause the revolution of the diagnosis and treatment. Because Nano-drug carriers have high targeting, favorable sustained, controlled release capability and superior cell penetration ability, it can improve efficacy of drugs and reduce side effects. The role of the object from the target organ, target cell to the most advanced structure in the target cells. The three levels method of targeted therapy all could complete with nanotechnology. Nano-targeting drugs can be divided into passive targeting and active targeting. Current research focuses on the development of functionalized capsules for specific targeting of cancer or immune cells, and on controlling their release properties and targeting functionalities to develop new nano-drugs.
Parallel algorithms prototyping: a case study (2002)

A prototyping approach for systolic algorithms is presented. While systolic algorithms are considered simpler and more straight-forward than the other forms of parallel algorithms, they have served the purpose of illustrating the prototyping aspect of the proposed paradigm. The systolic model provides a notation for specifying both systolic computation and the architecture. The communication requirements are specified. A cost function is developed to be used for comparison analysis. It is shown how the proposed model and language constructs can be easily interfaced to a high-level parallel language.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Normal-incidence silicon–gadolinium multilayers for imaging at 63 nm wavelength (2008)

Si/Gd multilayers designed as narrowband reflective coatings near 63 nm were developed. The highest peak reflectance of 26.2% at a 5 degrees incident angle was obtained at 62 nm, and the spectral bandwidth was 7.3 nm FWHM. The fits for x-ray and extreme ultraviolet reflectance data of Si/Gd multilayers indicate the possibility of silicide formation at the Si-Gd interfaces. B(4)C, W, and SiN were deposited as interface barrier layers to improve the reflectance of Si/Gd multilayers. More than an 8% increase in reflectance was observed from the interface-engineered Si/W/Gd and Si/B(4)C/Gd multilayers.
FLUINT - General fluid system analysis with SINDA '85 (1988)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
ChemInform Abstract: The Concept of Emergence‐Dissolvence in Drug Research (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Radar RCS estimation of a perfectly conducting Sphere obtained from a spherical polar scattering geometry (2015)

Removed.
Dye Regeneration Kinetics in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (2012)

The ideal driving force for dye regeneration is an important parameter for the design of efficient dye-sensitized solar cells. Here, nanosecond laser transient absorption spectroscopy was used to measure the rates of regeneration of six organic carbazole-based dyes by nine ferrocene derivatives whose redox potentials vary by 0.85 V, resulting in 54 different driving-force conditions. It was found that the reaction follows the behavior expected for the Marcus normal region for driving forces below 29 kJ mol(-1) (ΔE = 0.30 V). Driving forces of 29-101 kJ mol(-1) (ΔE = 0.30-1.05 V) resulted in similar reaction rates, indicating that dye regeneration is diffusion controlled. Quantitative dye regeneration (theoretical regeneration yield 99.9%) can be achieved with a driving force of 20-25 kJ mol(-1) (ΔE ≈ 0.20-0.25 V).
Relevance of chemistry to conservation of isolated populations: the case of volatile leaf components of Dicerandra mints. (1993)

Chemical analysis of the essential oils of four congeneric species of mint plant (Dicerandra spp.) endemic to Florida revealed a pattern of chemical similarity and dissimilarity that would not have been predicted on morphological or geographic criteria. Dicerandra christmanii differs fundamentally from its congeners in that it produces fewer compounds and lacks the acyclic components. Yet D. christmanii is more closely similar to Dicerandra frutescens than to other Dicerandra species in morphological characters and geographic range. We conclude that the potential chemical value of a species should not be prejudged on the basis of nonchemical characters and that designation of surplus plant populations by conservationists should be resisted unless such populations have also been chemically studied.
Response to Letter to the editors of Hopkins et al.: Effects of surgical and FFP2/N95 face masks on cardiopulmonary exercise capacity: the numbers do not add up (2020)

Objective!#!Sham-controlled trials provided proof-of-principle for the blood pressure-lowering effect of catheter-based renal denervation (RDN). However, indicators for the immediate assessment of treatment success are lacking. This study sought to investigate the impact of RDN on renal renin arteriovenous difference (renal renin AV-Δ) following a hypotensive challenge (HC).!##!Methods!#!Twelve hypertensive Ossabaw swine underwent either combined surgical and chemical (n = 3) or catheter-based RDN (n = 9). A telemetry monitor was implanted to acquire hemodynamic data continuously. Before and after RDN, a sodium nitroprusside-induced HC was performed. Renal renin AV-Δ was calculated as the difference of plasma renin concentrations drawn from the renal artery and vein.!##!Results!#!In total, complete renal renin AV data were obtained in eight animals at baseline and six animals at baseline and 3 months of follow-up. Baseline renal renin AV-Δ correlated inversely with change in 24-h minimum systolic (- 0.764, p = 0.02), diastolic (r = - 0.679, p = 0.04), and mean (r = - 0.663, p = 0.05) blood pressure. In the animals with complete renin secretion data at baseline and follow-up, the HC increased renal renin AV-Δ at baseline, while this effect was attenuated following RDN (0.55 ± 0.34 pg/ml versus - 0.10 ± 0.16 pg/ml, p = 0.003). Renin urinary excretion remained unchanged throughout the study (baseline 0.286 ± 0.187 pg/ml versus termination 0.305 ± 0.072 pg/ml, p = 0.789).!##!Conclusion!#!Renin secretion induced by HC was attenuated following RDN and may serve as an indicator for patient selection and guide successful RDN procedures.
Preparation and characterization of end‐alkoxysilylated polystyrene and the grafting behaviors onto inorganic pigments. II. Utilization of 4‐triethoxysilyl‐α‐methylstyrene (1996)

Novel polystyrene was prepared with triethoxysilyl (TES) groups at the end of the chain, and the grafting behaviors of the resulting polymer onto silica, alumina, and titania were studied. TES groups were introduced by the reaction between living polystyryl anion and 4-triethoxysilyl-α-methylstyrene (1) in THF at 195 K. The end-functional polymer was characterized by GPC, 1H-NMR, and TLC. It was confirmed that the polymer had several units of 1 at the chain end and a fairly narrow molecular weight distribution. TES groups in the present polymer were found to be hydrolyzed with both acids and bases such as mono-n-butylphosphate (MBP) and tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBAH), respectively. The polymer was effectively grafted onto silica and alumina in toluene in the presence of MBP and TBAH, respectively. The amount of graft, estimated by thermogravimetry, changed with the selection of substrates and catalysts; about 2 mg/m2 at the highest. The change in the amount of graft can be explained by the amount of effective acidic- or basic-hydroxyl groups on the substrate surfaces. However, titania received the largest amount of graft in the absence of catalyst. This may be because the strong acidic sites on the surface of titania act as a hydrolytic catalyst. The present polymer is expected to find wide application as a macromolecular dispersant for various types of inorganic pigments. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.