gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biological modification strategies following marrow ablative, high‐dose chemotherapy (HDCT) with autologous hematopoietic stem cell rescue (AHSCR) for pediatric brain tumors (2010)

Maintenance biology-based therapy following HDCT/AHSCR in pediatric brain tumors has not been tested as yet. Failure of the HDCT/AHSCR might be due to tumor-immunity dysregulation, reactivation of the angiogenic switch and other mechanisms. Angiogenesis has been shown to be reactivated following chemotherapy. The angiogenic factors engaged in this process in childhood brain tumors following HDCT/AHSCR have not been tested in the clinic. Metronomic chemotherapy has been found to be safe and angiogenesis inhibitors are currently tested in children. Other good possible candidates for clinical trials in this setting include retinoic acid and immunotherapy.
Polyethylene as a Cosolvent and Catalyst Support in Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (2015)

Polyethylene oligomers (PEOlig) can be used as cosolvents and sometimes soluble catalyst supports in ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) reactions. As a catalyst support, this polyolefin serves as an N-heterocyclic carbene ligand for a ROMP catalyst, making it soluble at 70 °C and insoluble at room temperature. As a cosolvent, unfunctionalized PE oligomers facilitate quantitative separation of PEOlig-bound Ru-catalyst residues from polymer products. In these cases, the insolubility of the unfunctionalized polyethylene (Polywax) and its entrapment of the PEOlig-supported Ru residue in the product phase at room temperature afford ROMP products with Ru contamination lower than other procedures that use soluble catalysts. These separations require only physical processes to separate the product and catalyst residues—no additional solvents are necessary. Control experiments suggest that most (ca. 90%) of the Ru leaching that is seen results from Ru byproducts formed in the vinyl ether quenching step and not from the polymerization processes involving the PEOlig-supported Ru complex.
Effects of insulin resistance on endothelial progenitor cells and vascular repair (2009)

Insulin resistance, a key feature of obesity, the metabolic syndrome and Type 2 diabetes mellitus, results in an array of metabolic and vascular phenomena which ultimately promote the development of atherosclerosis. Endothelial dysfunction is intricately related to insulin resistance through the parallel stimulatory effects of insulin on glucose disposal in metabolic tissues and NO production in the endothelium. Perturbations characteristic of insulin resistance, including dyslipidaemia, inflammation and oxidative stress, may jeopardize the structural or functional integrity of the endothelium. Recent evidence suggests that endothelial damage is mitigated by endogenous reparative processes which mediate endothelial regeneration. EPCs (endothelial progenitor cells) are circulating cells which have been identified as mediators of endothelial repair. Several of the abnormalities associated with insulin resistance, including reduced NO bioavailability, increased production of ROS (reactive oxygen species) and down-regulation of intracellular signalling pathways, have the potential to disrupt EPC function. Improvement in the number and function of EPCs may contribute to the protective actions of evidence-based therapies to reduce cardiometabolic risk. In the present article, we review the putative effects of insulin resistance on EPCs, discuss the underlying mechanisms and highlight potential therapeutic manoeuvres which could improve vascular repair in individuals with insulin resistance.
Modelling of kinetics and mass transfer in the hydrogenation of xylose over Raney nickel catalyst (1999)

This paper discusses the modelling of xylose hydrogenation kinetics over Raney nickel in aqueous solutions, the determination of the hydrogen solubility in the reaction mixture as well as evaluation of mass transfer effects in the reaction system. The hydrogenation experiments were carried out batchwise in an automatic laboratory-scale reactor. The reactor system operated at a pressure range of 40–70 bar and at temperatures between 80 and 140 °C. The catalyst-to-xylose ratio was approximately 5 wt-% of the xylose weight normally. The reactor contents were analysed off-line with a high performance liquid chromatograph. Hydrogen solubility in the reaction medium was determined with a gas-chromatographic system. The solubility was found to remain fairly constant during the hydrogenation. Only a slight increase in the hydrogen solubility was detected as xylose was hydrogenated to xylitol. The overall hydrogen solubility in the reaction mixture was significantly lower than in pure water, as expected. The main hydrogenation product was xylitol, but small amounts of xylulose and arabinitol were detected as by-products. A semi-competitive kinetic model, based on hydrogen and xylose adsorption, was developed. The model accounts for the very different areas covered by a hydrogen atom and an organic species on the catalyst surface. The parameters of the kinetic model were determined with non-linear regression analysis. It turned out that the kinetic model is able to describe the formation of both xylitol and the by-products. The mass transfer effects in the batch hydrogenation were evaluated by using measured viscosities and estimated diffusion and mass transfer coefficients. A process simulator, utilizing the kinetic and mass transfer effects, was developed to predict the behaviour of industrial reactors. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry
D242 Evaluation of Mass Transfer Rate at Liquid-Vapor Interface (2007)

Condensation coefficients were obtained experimentally through dropwise condensation on the silicon surface with hydrophobic coating. The experiments were conducted in a vacuum chamber at low pressure around 3kPa in order to reduce the accumulation of non-condensable on the liquid-vapor interface. Experimental results of heat transfer coefficient show good agreements with previous studies. Also, the condensation coefficients were estimated in the range of 0.2-1.0 if we consider the constriction resistance of dropwise condensation.
A Mutant Allele Encoding DNA Binding–Deficient FoxO1 Differentially Regulates Hepatic Glucose and Lipid Metabolism (2015)

Insulin signaling in the liver blunts glucose production and stimulates triglyceride biosynthesis. FoxO1 is required for cAMP induction of hepatic glucose production and is permissive for the effect of insulin to suppress this process. Moreover, FoxO1 ablation increases lipogenesis. In this study, we investigated the pleiotropic actions of FoxO1 on glucose and lipid metabolism. To this end, we reconstituted FoxO1 function in mice with a liver-specific deletion of Foxo1 using targeted knock-in of an allele encoding a DNA binding-deficient FoxO1 mutant (L-DBD). Chow-reared L-DBD mice showed defects in hepatic glucose production but normal liver triglyceride content despite increased rates of de novo lipogenesis and impaired fatty acid oxidation in isolated hepatocytes. Gene expression studies indicated that FoxO1 regulates the expression of glucokinase via a cell-nonautonomous coregulatory mechanism, while its regulation of glucose-6-phosphatase proceeds via a cell-autonomous action as a direct transcriptional activator. These conclusions support a differential regulation of hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism by FoxO1 based on the mechanism by which it alters the expression of key target genes involved in each process.
Implementation of a shadow carving system for shape capture (2003)

We present a new technique for estimating the 3D shape of an object that combines previous ideas from shape from silhouettes and shape from shadows. We begin with a set-up for robustly extracting object silhouettes by casting a shadow of the object with a point light-source onto a translucent panel. A camera on the opposite side of the panel records an image which is readily processed to obtain the object boundary. We use a space carving technique to extract an initial estimate of the object shape. In a second phase, we record a series of images of the object lit by point light sources. We compare the areas of self shadowing in these images to those expected if our estimated shape from the space carving were correct. The shape of the object is refined by a shadow carving step that adjusts the current shape to resolve contradictions between the captured images and the current shape estimate. The result of the space carving and shadow carving is an estimate of shape that can be further refined by methods that work well in local regions, such as photometric stereo. We have implemented our approach in a simple table top system and present the results of scanning a small object with deep concavities.
PS 2-2: Entecavir versus Lamivudine for Prevention of Liver-related Events in Patients with HBV-related Advanced Liver Disease: A Multicenter, Prospective Study (2016)

Aims: High potent drug is being recommended as first-line agent for chronic hepatitis B. However, whether high potent drug reduce the risk of liver- related events (LREs) to a greater extent than lamivudine is known, especially in patients with advanced fibrosis. We aimed to compare the clinical benefits of entecavir (ETV) 0.5mg versus lamivudine (LAM) 100mg for prevention of LREs in patients with HBV-related advanced liver disease. Methods: Randomized, open-label, phase 4 study conducted from December 2008 through April 2015 at 18 medical centers in South Korea. Patients who had histologically confirmed advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis or clinically evidence of overt cirrhosis with a high viral loads (HBV DNA≥2,000 IU/mL) and normal or slightly elevated transaminase and no prior antiviral therapy were assigned to receive ETV (n = 231) or LAM (n = 231) for 5 years. If the patients confirmed to have HBV-resistance mutations, adefovir or tenofovir-based rescue therapy was added. LREs included hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), decompensation, or liver-related death or transplantation. Results: The baseline characteristics were comparable between these two groups. During the study period, 100 (21.6%) patients experienced LREs (ETV vs LAM: 50 vs 50). The rates were no difference for the ETV group vs the LAM group for HCC development (14.3% vs 14.7%, respectively), Child-Pugh score increase (3.9% vs 3.9%), variceal bleeding (2.6% vs 1.3%) and liver-related death or transplantation (0.9% vs 2.6%). The cumulative incidence rates of genotypic resistance to LAM and ETV at 5-year treatment was 49.8% and 1.2%, respectively. Multivariable analyses showed that age, male gender and a primary nonresponse to antiviral therapy were associated with a high likelihood of a development of LREs, irrespective of the type of antiviral agent. Conclusions: In this prospective long-term study, there was no difference between the ETV arm and the LAM arm for prevention of LREs in patients with HBV-related advanced liver disease, if applied the appropriate rescue therapy.
Dual‐phase imaging of cardiac metabolism using hyperpolarized pyruvate (2021)

The study demonstrates that metabolic profiles of the heart, measured by HP [1-<sup>13</sup> C]pyruvate, are affected by the cardiac cycle in which that the data are acquired.
Measurement of the Viscosity of Thin Films of Lubricants on Solid Surfaces (1991)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper describes the development of a thin film rheometer able to measure the viscosity of lubricant films of the order of 200 μm thickness on flat, solid surfaces.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The rheometer consists of a small cylinder mounted on a piezo bimorph which is divided electrically into two halves. When an AC voltage is applied to the one half of the piezo it causes the flat surface of the cylinder to oscillate in its own plane with an amplitude of a few microns. This motion produces an AC output from the other half of the piezo. The flat face of the cylinder is held parallel to an oily test surface and the latter is supported on a micrometer stage so that the gap between the two surfaces can be adjusted. As the gap is narrowed the oil film dampens the sinusoidal motion of the cylinder and the extent of this damping can be used to determine the viscosity of the oil film between the surfaces.&lt;/div&gt;
Image Denoise Based on Soft-Threshold and Edge Enhancement (2007)

In order to eliminate noise and preserve the edge and texture detail in image, this article proposes a method of image denoise based on soft-threshold and edge enhancement. To enhance edge, first we use the canny edge detection operator to detect the feature of the image, then we preprocess the edge image with a flat operator, next we use stationary wavelet transform to process the processed edge image and noisy image, then we add these wavelet coefficients at the corresponding level, so we can use the soft threshold denoise technology to eliminate the noise. Since the feature is enhanced before soft threshold denoise, the feature can be preserved well. From the result we can see that comparing to the wiener filter, this denoise method has visually pleasing image and the PSNR is improved. Comparing the traditional soft threshold denoise technology, this method has 1-2dB improvement in PSNR.
Specificity of RGS10A as a key component in the RANKL signaling mechanism for osteoclast differentiation (2007)

Significant progress has been made in studies of the mechanisms by which RANKL induces terminal osteoclast differentiation. However, many crucial details in the RANKL-evoked signaling pathway for osteoclast differentiation remain to be defined. We characterized genes specifically expressed in osteoclasts by differential screening of a human osteoclastoma cDNA library, and found that the regulator of G-protein signaling 10A (RGS10A), but not the RGS10B isoform, was specifically expressed in human osteoclasts. The expression of RGS10A is also induced by RANKL in osteoclast precursors and is prominently expressed in mouse osteoclast-like cells. RGS10A silencing by RNA interference blocked intracellular [Ca2+]i oscillations, the expression of NFAT2, and osteoclast terminal differentiation in both bone marrow cells and osteoclast precursor cell lines. Reintroduction of RGS10A rescued the impaired osteoclast differentiation. RGS10A silencing also resulted in premature osteoclast apoptosis. RGS10A silencing affected the RANKL-[Ca2+]i oscillation-NFAT2 signaling pathway but not other RANKL-induced responses. Our data demonstrate that target components of RGS10A are distinct from those of RGS12 in the RANKL signaling mechanism. Our results thus show the specificity of RGS10A as a key component in the RANKL-evoked signaling pathway for osteoclast differentiation, which may present a promising target for therapeutic intervention.
TCAD based Design-Technology Co-Optimisations in advanced technology nodes (2017)

In this paper we present and illustrate the concepts of TCAD based Design-Technology Co-Optimisation (DTCO) including both process-induced (global) and intrinsic (local) statistical variability. A generic 14nm FinFET CMOS technology is used to motivate and illustrate this study. Predictive Ensemble Monte Carlo (EMC) TCAD simulations have been carried out to evaluate the transistor performance. Drift diffusion (DD) simulations calibrated to the Ensemble Monte Carlo (EMC) simulation results are used to explore the process and the statistical variability space. The seamless execution of the DTCO flow has been enabled by the automation of the tool flow and the dataset handling. The interplay between the process and the statistical variability has been captured in details. A two-stage hierarchical compact model strategy is used to capture the interplay between process and statistical variability. Advances statistical compact model generation is used to study the impact of the variability on the circuit performance and yield at high sigma.
"Pay at the Pump" Auto Insurance: The Vehicle Injury Plan (VIP) for Better Compensation, Fairer Funding, and Greater Safety (1994)

Stephen D. Sugarman, "Pay at the Pump" Auto Insurance: The Vehicle Injury Plan (VIP) for Better Compensation, Fairer Funding, and Greater Safety, Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, Vol. 13, No. 2 (Spring, 1994), pp. 363-368
Design, Construction, and Characterization of a Novel Robotic Welding Fume Generator and Inhalation Exposure System for Laboratory Animals (2006)

Respiratory effects observed in welders have included lung function changes, metal fume fever, bronchitis, and a possible increase in the incidence of lung cancer. Many questions remain unanswered regarding the causality and possible underlying mechanisms associated with the potential toxic effects of welding fume inhalation. The objective of the present study was to construct a completely automated, computer-controlled welding fume generation and inhalation exposure system to simulate real workplace exposures. The system comprised a programmable six-axis robotic welding arm, a water-cooled arc welding torch, and a wire feeder that supplied the wire to the torch at a programmed rate. For the initial studies, gas metal arc welding was performed using a stainless steel electrode. A flexible trunk was attached to the robotic arm of the welder and was used to collect and transport fume from the vicinity of the arc to the animal exposure chamber. Undiluted fume concentrations consistently ranged from 90-150 mg/m(3) in the animal chamber during welding. Temperature and humidity remained constant in the chamber during the welding operation. The welding particles were composed of (from highest to lowest concentration) iron, chromium, manganese, and nickel as measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. Size distribution analysis indicated the mass median aerodynamic diameter of the generated particles to be approximately 0.24 microm with a geometric standard deviation (sigma(g)) of 1.39. As determined by transmission and scanning electron microscopy, the generated aerosols were mostly arranged as chain-like agglomerates of primary particles. Characterization of the laboratory-generated welding aerosol has indicated that particle morphology, size, and chemical composition are comparable to stainless steel welding fume generated in other studies. With the development of this novel system, it will be possible to establish an animal model using controlled welding exposures from automated gas metal arc and flux-cored arc welding processes to investigate how welding fumes affect health.
Multi-Buffer Map Show Method on Embedded GIS Platform (2010)

The limited hardware resource is in contradiction with vast map data and complicated map data processing on an embedded GIS platform.Using buffer technique is a efficient software method to speed up map show.An new multi-buffer technique is studied and designed in this paper which includes architecture,mechanism and virtual screen memory size.The high efficiency of increasing show speed at the sacrifice of some memory volume is validated on some embedded GIS navigation ternimal.
Specific organ metastases and survival in small cell lung cancer (2012)

The aim of our retrospective study was to evaluate the clinicopathological features associated with distant metastasis from small cell lung cancer (SCLC). We reviewed patients diagnosed with SCLC metastasis at the time of presentation between 1999 and 2010. Among the consecutive 251 SCLC patients diagnosed, 152 (60.6%) patients had distant metastasis, of which 20.3, 18.3, 15.5, 10.0 and 6.0% of patients had liver, bone, brain, lung and adrenal gland metastasis, respectively. In a multivariate analysis using Cox's proportional hazards model, we identified that liver, bone and brain metastasis as well as the presence of pleural and/or pericardial fluids were unfavorable prognostic factors. However, lung, adrenal gland and extrathoracic lymph node metastasis were not statistically significant prognostic factors. With regard to the treatment of SCLC patients, particularly those with liver, bone and brain metastasis or pleural and/or pericardial fluids, we should take the metastasizing organs into consideration.
Jet switching phenomenon for a periodically plunging airfoil (2007)

An experimental investigation has been carried out on rigid and flexible airfoils oscillating in still fluid. It was found that the vortex pairs generated by the oscillating airfoil move at an angle to the chordwise direction. The deflection angle of the induced jet was observed to change periodically in time. The switching period was found to increase with increasing airfoil stiffness and to decrease with increasing heave frequency and increasing amplitude. Over the range of frequency, amplitude, and stiffness tested, the switching period was found to be two orders of magnitude greater than the heave period. The development of the vorticity field for upward and downward deflected jets, as well as the transition between the two modes, was captured with the particle image velocimetry measurements. The deflection of the jet, and thus the jet switching effect, was found to diminish with increasing free stream velocity (decreasing Strouhal number).
A cylindrical cavity resonator for material measurements with coupled resonant modes for sensing and position offset compensation of the dielectric specimen (2015)

A cylindrical cavity resonator is separated into two resonating sections by loading it with a metal sheet in the middle of the cavity. The metal sheet of finite thickness contains a circular aperture to support symmetric and asymmetric modes in the cavity. The pair of two modes can be simultaneously employed for sensing dielectric characteristics of rod-shaped specimen passing from top to bottom through the cylindrical cavity. In conventional cavities employed for sensing dielectric rods or tubes, a single resonance TM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">010</sub> mode may result in unwanted detuning of the frequency. The unwanted shift in resonance frequency is caused due to nonuniform electric field distribution, where the total volume of the sensing region is a large fraction of the overall cavity volume. Unlike the conventional design, the main advantage of coupled cavity arrangement is to distinguish the position offset of the dielectric specimen within the sensing region of the nonuniform electric field. The asymmetric mode functions are similar to the conventional TM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">010</sub> , whereas the symmetric mode provides for the proximity detection of the dielectric specimen towards the edges.
Significant Reduction in HIV Virologic Failure During a 15-Year Period in a Setting With Free Healthcare Access (2014)

The proportion of HIV-infected patients experiencing VF during routine care fell markedly between 1997 and 2009-2011, to only 9.7%. This was attributed to the advent of fully active and better-tolerated antiretroviral drugs, and to national guidelines recommending rapid management of VF after mid-2000.