gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Theoretical analysis of heterojunction phototransistors (1972)

The optical gain and spectral response of heterojunction phototransistors with wide-gap emitters have been examined theoretically in idealized cases. The optical gain is found to be closely related to the current gain in the common-emitter configuration β of a heterojunction transistor. Because of Kroemer's factor, the injection efficiency of the emitter junction is very high, resulting in a high β or a large optical gain. However, β or the optical gain is limited by the base transport efficiency when the injection efficiency is extremely high. From the analyses, the optical gains and spectral responses of an n.GaAs-p. Ge-n.Ge heterojunction phototransistor and n-p-n homojunction phototransistors of GaAs and of Ge are numerically computed. It becomes evident that the heterojunction phototransistor has a higher optical gain and a wider spectral response ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\sim5 \times 10^{5}</tex> at wavelengths ranging from 0.9 to 1.5 µm) than either of the homojunction phototransistors.
Functional Murine Leukemia Virus Vectors Pseudotyped with the Visna Virus Envelope Show Expanded Visna Virus Cell Tropism (2001)

Pseudotype virus vectors serve as a powerful tool for the study of virus receptor usage and entry. We describe the development of murine leukemia virus (MuLV) particles pseudotyped with the visna virus envelope glycoprotein and encoding a green fluorescent protein reporter as a tool to study the expression of the visna virus receptor. Functional MuLV/visna virus pseudotypes were obtained when the cytoplasmic tail of the visna virus envelope TM protein was truncated to 3, 7, or 11 amino acids in length. MuLV/visna virus particles were used to transduce a panel of cell types from various organisms, including sheep, goat, human, hamster, mouse, monkey, and quail. The majority of the cells examined were susceptible to MuLV/visna pseudotype viruses, supporting the notion that the visna virus cellular receptor is a widely expressed protein found in many species. Of 16 different cell types tested, only mouse embryo fibroblast NIH 3T3 cells, hamster ovary CHO cells, and the human promonocyte cell line U937 cells were not susceptible to transduction by the pseudotyped virus. The production of functional MuLV/visna virus pseudotypes has provided a sensitive, biologically relevant system to study visna virus cell entry and envelope-receptor interactions.
Performance comparison of plant root biofilm, gravel attached biofilm and planktonic microbial populations, in phenol removal within a constructed wetland wastewater treatment system (2016)

This study was performed in order to understand the relative contribution of a constructed wetland (CW) system’s various components to phenol degradation (100 mg∙L–1) under controlled plant biomass/gravel/ water experimental ratios. This was done by division of a pilot-scale CW system into its components, with or without their associated bacteria: (i) gravel, plant and water; (ii) gravel and water; (iii) water; (iv) gravel; (v) plant; (vi) control (sterile water). The highest phenol biodegradation rate occurred for the gravel-attached biofilm followed by root-attached biofilm and planktonic population, which recorded a similar rate to each other and a much lower rate than the gravel-attached biofilm. A control containing CW planktonic inactivated bacteria (autoclaved water) did not impact phenol removal, revealing that microbial populations are the major factor in phenol removal. The differences in the phenol removal achieved could be attributed to higher numbers of specific phenol degraders on the gravel surface, compared to lower numbers of root-attached and planktonic bacterial fractions, as isolated using phenol-agar plates which contained phenol as the sole carbon source. The main contributor to our findings appears to be the larger surface area provided by the gravel bed compared to plant roots.Keywords: biofilm; constructed wetland; gravel; microbial activity; phenol
Face modeling for recognition (2002)

3D human face models have been widely used in applications such as facial animation, video compression/coding, augmented reality, head tracking, facial expression recognition, human action recognition, and face recognition. Modeling human faces provides a potential solution to identifying faces with variations in illumination, pose, and facial expression. We propose a method of modeling human faces based on a generic face model (a triangular mesh model) and individual facial measurements containing both shape and texture information. The modeling method adapts a generic face model to the given facial features, extracted from registered range and color images, in a global-to-local fashion. It iteratively moves the vertices of the mesh model to smoothen the non-feature areas, and uses the 2.5D active contours to refine feature boundaries. The resultant face model has been shown to be visually similar to the true face. Initial results show that the constructed model is quite useful for recognizing nonfrontal views.
Natural Killer Cell Receptor Signaling Pathway (2005)

NK (natural killer) cells are lymphocytes of the innate immune system that are involved in early defense mechanisms against foreign cells as well as autologous cells that are undergoing various forms of stress, such as microbial infection (viral, bacterial, or parasitic), tumor transformation, or nonmalignant activation. NK cell activation is controlled by a dynamic balance between complementary and antagonist pathways that are initiated when they bind a cell targeted for destruction. The Natural Killer Cell Signaling Pathway illustrates the signals produced by the activating cell surface receptors that initiate PTK (protein tyrosine kinase)-dependent pathways through their noncovalent association with transmembrane signaling adaptors that harbor ITAMs (immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs). This Connections Map also describes the mechanism by which these positive pathways are antagonized by intracytoplasmic PTPs (protein tyrosine phosphatases) that are activated upon engagement of cell surface receptors with intracytoplasmic ITIMs (immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motifs). The tyrosine phosphorylation status of several signaling components that are substrates for both PTKs and PTPs is thus key to the propagation of the NK cell effector pathways. Additional cell surface receptors that are not directly coupled to ITAMs also participate in NK cell activation, such as NKG2D (which is noncovalently associated with the DAP10 transmembrane signaling adaptor), adhesion molecules, and cytokine receptors. Understanding the integration of these signals into the "canonical" PTK-PTP equilibrium represents the future challenge for the elucidation of NK cell effector signaling pathways.
Anatomy of left ventricular outflow tract. (1979)

The left ventricular outflow tract is here considered to be that region of the left ventricle that lies between the anterior cusp of the mitral valve and the ventricular septum. The ventricular septum lies at an angle of 45 degrees to the median plane. The 'anterior' wall of the outflow tract is therefore antero- medial and the 'posterior' wall is posterolateral.
Understanding and Designing for Deaf or Hard of Hearing Drivers on Uber (2019)

We used content analysis of in-app driver survey responses, customer support tickets, and tweets, and face-to-face interviews of DHH Uber drivers to better understand the DHH driver experience. Here we describe challenges DHH drivers experience and how they address those difficulties via Uber's accessibility features and their own workarounds. We also identify and discuss design and product opportunities to improve the DHH driver experience on Uber.
Increased Orderliness of Growth Hormone (GH) Secretion in GH-Deficient Adults with Low Serum Insulin-Like Growth Factor I (2002)

Available studies suggest that a proportion of GH-deficient (GHD) adults maintain serum IGF-I concentrations within the age- and sex-matched normal range. The basis for this distinction is not known. In this study 24-h GH profiles (sampling every 30 min) were appraised in five GHD adults with low serum IGF-I concentrations (<2 SD of the age- and sex-matched normal range), five GHD adults with normal serum IGF-I levels (within +/-2 SD), and five healthy subjects. Serial GH concentrations, measured using a chemiluminescence assay, were analyzed by deconvolution and approximate entropy (ApEn; regularity) analyses. The apparent half-duration of GH secretory bursts was longer in both GHD groups than in the healthy controls, as determined by deconvolution analysis (P < 0.05 each). The GH burst frequency was higher, the interburst interval was shorter, and the GH burst amplitude was lower in GHD adults with normal serum IGF-I than in healthy controls (P < 0.05, P < 0.05, and P < 0.01, respectively). The percentage of total daily GH secretion that was pulsatile was also reduced in the GHD adults with normal serum IGF-I compared with the other two groups (P < 0.05 and P < 0.05, respectively). In contrast, ApEn ratios were lower in the GHD adults with low serum IGF-I than in the GHD adults with normal IGF-I and controls (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). Serum IGF-I concentrations correlated positively with ApEn ratios in the total study population (n = 15) and in the GHD adults (n = 10). In conclusion, 24-h patterns of GH release differed in GHD adults with low vs. normal serum IGF-I concentrations. GHD adults with low IGF-I levels maintain low ApEn ratios (denoting greater relative orderliness of GH secretion), whereas GHD patients with normal IGF-I values generate a high frequency, low amplitude GH output. The foregoing contrasts point to distinct neuroendocrine features of the GH-deficient state of adults, which can be related to concurrent IGF-I production.
Hybrid Expert System of Rough Set and Neural Network (1999)

The combination of neural network and expert system can accelerate the process of inference, and then rapidly produce associated facts and consequences. However, neural network still has some problems such as providing explanation facilities, managing the architecture of network and accelerating the training time. Thus to address these issues we develop a new method for pre-processing based on rough set and merge it with neural network and expert system. The resulting system is a hybrid expert system model called a Hybrid Rough Neural Expert System (HRNES).
Therapeutic synergism between hyaluronic acid and dexamethasone in the intra-articular treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee: a preliminary open study (1992)

In vitro studies on the effects of dexamethasone on human synovial cells have shown that with high concentrations of the steroid in the culture medium cellular activity was completely blocked whereas with low concentrations (10(-6)M), cellular density decreased but there was an increase in the synthesis of RNA, DNA, protein and hyaluronic acid. These data, coupled with clinical experience of using intra-articular hyaluronic acid to treat patients with osteoarthritis of the knee, prompted the investigators to carry out an open, randomized study of the use of very small doses of dexamethasone in association with hyaluronic acid in 40 osteoarthritic patients. Twenty patients received a weekly intra-articular injection of 20 mg sodium hyaluronate in 2 ml phosphate buffer for 5 weeks; the other 20 patients followed a similar treatment regimen, the only difference being the addition of 0.4 mg dexamethasone phosphate to the first injection. Clinical examination of the knee was made before each injection, 7 days after the fifth injection and 60 days after the start of the trial. Rating scale assessments were made at each visit of spontaneous pain, pain during the day, at night, weight bearing and whilst walking. The results showed that whilst a progressive decrease in all pain parameters was evident and persisted after the end of treatment in both patient groups, pain intensity decreased more rapidly and to lower levels in all but weight-bearing pain, as did improvement in joint mobility, in the combined treatment group. Local tolerance was good with both treatment regimens, with no untoward signs or symptoms at any time.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Dielectric properties of SrTiO3–DyScO3 solid solutions (2015)

The permittivity spectra of solid solutions (1–x)SrTiO3–xDyScO3 (x = 0, 0.01, 0.03) and ceramic samples of strontium titanate doped with Sc3+ ions have been studied in the frequency range from 10 Hz to 1MHz. It has been found that the permittivity exhibits maxima at cryogenic temperatures, and the dielectric relaxation processes are observed in the temperature ranges of 60–100 and 170–300 K. The characteristic parameters of these processes have been determined. It has been shown that a linear dependence of the polarization on an applied electric field, which is characteristic of conventional dielectrics, is observed in the studied compositions in the temperature range of the dielectric anomalies.
3D Piezoelectric Structures Made by Ink-Jet Printing (2002)

The purpose of this paper is to report the potential interest to develop piezoelectric structures by taking advantage both of the adaptive electromechanical behavior of 0.9PbMg 1/3 Nb 2/3 O 3 (PMN)-0.1PbTiO 3 (PT) ceramics and of the characteristics of rapid prototyping methods. In fact, as the piezo-activity of 0.9PMN-0.1PT ceramics is adjustable via the amplitude of the electric field; the design of array probes for medical diagnosis could be notably simplified compared to the present one using PZT compositions. Besides, prototyping process such as ink-jet printing equipment is promising to generate fine-scale 1-3 composite structures, and consequently to improve the spatial resolution of medical probes. So, the effect of the organic/ceramic systems for ink-jet printing on its fluid properties, conditioning the definition of the ceramic structures, are reported in this paper. Keywords: 0.9PMN-0.1PTCeramicInk-jet PrintingViscosity
Synthesis and characterization novel oligomeric azo dye (2013)

The diazonium salts of various substituted naphthol sulfonic acid couple with phenol-thiourea resin afforded novel oligomeric acid azo dyes. The novel oligomeric acid azo dyes show excellent dyeing properties on various textile fibers. They shows that the produced dye have powerful fixation properties. The dyes fixed on the fiber with nearly minor unemployed dye. The majority of the dyes have elevated fixation on textile at a lesser amount of exhaustion. While using these dyes commercially it may influence the environmental saving by a lesser amount of dye effluents from textiles.
The shape of threat: Simple geometric forms evoke rapid and sustained capture of attention. (2007)

Previous work has indicated that simple geometric shapes underlying facial expressions are capable of conveying emotional meaning. Specifically, a series of studies found that a simple shape, a downward-pointing "V," which is similar to the geometric configuration of the face in angry expressions, is perceived as threatening. A parallel line of research has determined that threatening stimuli more readily capture attention. In five experiments, the authors sought to determine whether this preferential processing was also present for the simple geometric form of a downward-pointing "V." Using a visual search paradigm, across these experiments the authors found that, when embedded in a field of other shapes, downward-pointing V's were detected faster and, in some cases, more accurately than identical shapes pointing upward. These findings indicate that the meaning of threat can be conveyed rapidly with minimal stimulus detail. In addition, in some cases, during trials of homogeneous fields of stimuli, fields of downward-pointing V's led to slower response times, suggesting that this shape's ability to capture attention may also extend to difficulty in disengaging attention as well.
Effect of prepulses with various durations on the neutron yield in laser picosecond plasma (2006)

Experimental results on the effect of picosecond and nanosecond prepulses on the neutron yield in laser picosecond plasma on the surface of solid (CD2)n targets at a laser intensity of 1018 W/cm2 are presented. It is demonstrated that the picosecond (nanosecond) prepulse decreases the neutron yield at a laser prepulse intensity of higher than 1013 (1012) W/cm2. The estimates indicate three possible mechanisms for the realization of the observed effect: stimulated Mandelstam-Brillouin scattering of the main pulse by the preplasma, channels of the generation of fast ions, and their possible deceleration in the preplasma. The results of calculations are compared with the experimental data.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Triterpenoid from Zizyphus xylopyrus Stem Wood (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Pattern Discovery and Multi-Slot-Ahead Forecast of Network Traffic: A Revisiting to Gaussian Process (2022)

The forecast of network traffic with arbitrary predicting horizon is a key enabler of smart management in next-generation networks, as sufficient amount of time can be provided for the proactive manipulation of network resources to maintain high quality transmission. Nevertheless, the evolving characteristic of network traffic challenges the current learning-based and data-driven algorithms on both prediction accuracy and computational complexity. In this work, we explore special properties of network traffic, which are further encoded into the Gaussian Process (GP)-based online learning framework, so as to better comprehend and predict future network traffic from a Bayesian perspective. Specifically, we proceed by three steps, 1). Observing network traffic is evolving, to explore and exploit the dynamic traffic patterns at different times and time-scales, we try to approximate the optimal kernel function of GP by utilizing a mixture of Gaussian to encode the dominant and several nondominant patterns. 2). As network traffic at different time-scales share several common patterns, we adopt Process Convolution (PConv) to fully exploit correlations among multiple subsequent time-slots, so as to facilitate network traffic forecast with large predicting horizon. 3). To promote the tracking capability of the proposed GP-PConv framework without significantly increasing the number of hyper-parameters to train, we slightly modify the GP-based prediction through Lyapunov optimization, which brings performance improvements both in terms of accuracy and computational complexity. Finally, we demonstrate the superiority of the proposed algorithm through simulation.
Human Milk Hyaluronan Enhances Innate Defense of the Intestinal Epithelium (2013)

Breast-feeding is associated with enhanced protection from gastrointestinal disease in infants, mediated in part by an array of bioactive glycan components in milk that act through molecular mechanisms to inhibit enteric pathogen infection. Human milk contains hyaluronan (HA), a glycosaminoglycan polymer found in virtually all mammalian tissues. We have shown that synthetic HA of a specific size range promotes expression of antimicrobial peptides in intestinal epithelium. We hypothesize that hyaluronan from human milk also enhances innate antimicrobial defense. Here we define the concentration of HA in human milk during the first 6 months postpartum. Importantly, HA isolated from milk has a biological function. Treatment of HT-29 colonic epithelial cells with human milk HA at physiologic concentrations results in time- and dose-dependent induction of the antimicrobial peptide human β-defensin 2 and is abrogated by digestion of milk HA with a specific hyaluronidase. Milk HA induction of human β-defensin 2 expression is also reduced in the presence of a CD44-blocking antibody and is associated with a specific increase in ERK1/2 phosphorylation, suggesting a role for the HA receptor CD44. Furthermore, oral administration of human milk-derived HA to adult, wild-type mice results in induction of the murine Hβ D2 ortholog in intestinal mucosa and is dependent upon both TLR4 and CD44 in vivo. Finally, treatment of cultured colonic epithelial cells with human milk HA enhances resistance to infection by the enteric pathogen Salmonella typhimurium. Together, our observations suggest that maternally provided HA stimulates protective antimicrobial defense in the newborn.
Embedding and Volterra integral operators on a class of Dirichlet-Morrey spaces (2021)

<abstract> A class of Dirichlet-Morrey spaces $ D_{\beta, \lambda} $ is introduced in this paper. For any positive Borel measure $ \mu $, the boundedness and compactness of the identity operator from $ D_{\beta, \lambda} $ into the tent space $ \mathcal{T}_s^1(\mu) $ are characterized. As an application, the boundedness of the Volterra integral operator $ T_g: D_{\beta, \lambda} \to F(1, \beta-s, s) $ is studied. Moreover, the essential norm and the compactness of the operator $ T_g $ are also investigated. </abstract>
An Electrostatic-Barrier-Forming Window that Captures Airborne Pollen Grains to Prevent Pollinosis (2017)

An electrostatic-barrier-forming window (EBW) was devised to capture airborne pollen, which can cause allergic pollinosis. The EBW consisted of three layers of insulated conductor wires (ICWs) and two voltage generators that supplied negative charges to the two outer ICW layers and a positive charge to the middle ICW layer. The ICWs generated an attractive force that captured pollen of the Japanese cedar, <i>Cryptomeria japonica</i>, from air blown through the EBW. The attractive force was directly proportional to the applied voltage. At ≥3.5 kV, the EBW exerted sufficient force to capture all pollen carried at an air flow of 3 m/s, and pollen-free air passed through the EBW. The findings demonstrated that the electrostatic barrier that formed inside the EBW was very effective at capturing airborne pollen; thus, it could allow a home to remain pollen-free and healthy despite continuous pollen exposure.
Macular holes: migratory gaps and vitreous as obstacles to glial closure (1997)

• Purpose: Retinal glia may play an important role in the closure of macular holes. This in vitro study examines whether and how the specific pathoanatomy, including foveal eversion and foveal vitreous, may interfere with glial closure of macular holes. • Methods: Culture dishes used to grow glial cells were modified by the placement of slopes, vertical steps, and gaps to mimic the in vivo migratory surface in and surrounding macular holes. In separate experiments, defects were made in a rodent glial monolayer. These defects were exposed to hyaluronic acid (HA) and to rabbit (RV) and bovine (BV) vitreous gel. The migratory behavior and completeness of closure of defects were compared to controls. • Results: As expected, glial cells migrated further and in greater numbers on a smooth surface. Slopes and steps were mode-rate obstacles to migration; gaps in the surface were absolute obstacles. HA modified the pattern of adhesion of cells at the bottom of defects. Defects in the glial monolayer were repaired in 5–7 days. Compared to these controls, repair was inhibited by 11 % (n. s.), 28% (P=0.02), and 58% (P=0.004) after direct exposure of defects to HA, RV and BV respectively. • Conclusion: The elevated and everted margins of macular holes represent slope, step, and gap-like obstacles to the migration of glial cells and hence to the healing of defects. The defect allows extension of extracellular matrix into it and the subretinal space. Our results indicate that gaps in the migratory surface caused and aggravated by eversion and the presence of vitreous present obstacles to glial migration and closure of macular holes.