gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Coherent optical MIMO (COMIMO) (2005)

We present a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) optical link based on coherent optics and its ability to exploit the inherent information capacity of multimode fiber. A coherent implementation differs from previous work in optical MIMO by allowing the system to tolerate smaller modal delay spreads, because of a much larger carrier frequency, and yet maintain the necessary diversity needed for MIMO operation. Furthermore, we demonstrate the use of MIMO adaptive equalization to mitigate intersymbol interference when exceeding the bandwidth-length product of the link. The impact of phase noise is studied with numerical simulation.
Photofabrication by UV-rays through Optical Fiber (1997)

Photofabrication is expected as a new technology for pattern manufacturing. Three dimen-sional plotter devices by computer controlled spot laser beam are available commercially. Howevwever, these devices are not widely applied due to the high cost of the laser beam controller and generator and the formation of a lamellar surface in multilayer patterns. A new device that is equipped with a mercury xenon lamp and an optical fiber was manufactured and multilayer patterns cured from the bottom by UV-rays of the device were fabricated. Side planes of the multilayer patterns were lamellar. In order to suppress lamellar surface formation, the side planes were set at the bottom of the photopolymer in a glass vessel and re-exposed to UV-rays. After the exposure, lamellar surface formation was suppressed markedly and surface roughness(Rmax)was about 10μm.
Abstract A87: Targeting the mitochondrial quality control machinery in acute myeloid leukemia (2016)

Abstract Recently, we demonstrated that a subset of AML cells and stem cells have metabolic vulnerabilities in the mitochondria and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) chain that could impact on the ability of AML and AML stem cells to handle increased electron flux in the respiratory chain (Sriskanthadevan et al., Blood, 2015). To identify additional vulnerabilities in the mitochondria of AML cells and AML stem cells, we analyzed RNA expression levels of a panel of mitochondrial quality control proteins using the nCounter Analysis System (Nanostring technologies) in bulk as well as the progenitor enriched fraction of AML patients and normal donors. Among the top hits was the mitochondrial processing peptidase (MPP) that was upregulated in AML cells and progenitors compared to normal hematopoietic cells. MPP is a metallopeptidase composed of a regulatoryα subunit and a proteolytic β subunit that cleaves presequences from several nuclear encoded and mitochondrially imported proteins. To further analyze the expression of MPP in AML, we analyzed publicly available datasets (Eppert et al., (GSE30377), Laurenti et al., (GSE42414) and Norversthen et al., (GSE24759)). GSEA (Gene Set Enrichment Analysis) on stem enriched as well as bulk AML cells demonstrated upregulation of MPPα and β as well as increased expression of the mitochondrial protein import pathway in a subset of AML cells and stem cells compared to normal hematopoietic cells and stem cells. To understand the importance of MPP in AML cells, we knocked down MPPα and β using shRNA in lentiviral vectors and confirmed target knockdown by immunoblotting. Knockdown of MPPα or β reduced the growth and viability of OCI-AML2 cells. Mechanistically, knockdown of MPP β increased mitochondrial ROS generation. Thus, the mitochondrial protein import pathway is upregulated in a subset of AML cells and stem cells. Moreover inhibition of this pathway at the level of MPPα and β is cytotoxic to AML cells and disrupts mitochondrial function. Citation Format: Danny V. Jeyaraju, Veronique Voisin, Ashwin Ramakrishnan, Rose Hurren, Neil Maclean, Marcela Gronda, Mark Minden, Gary Bader, Aaron D. Schimmer. Targeting the mitochondrial quality control machinery in acute myeloid leukemia. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Metabolism and Cancer; Jun 7-10, 2015; Bellevue, WA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2016;14(1_Suppl):Abstract nr A87.
Adsorption of Primary Alcohol Molecules on Trigonal Selenium Nanowires (2013)

The gas sensor responses of bundled trigonal-selenium nanowires (t-SeNWs) were investigated for the series of primary alcohols (C n H 2 n +1 OH; n = 1–10) at room temperature. It was found that the primary alcohol molecules for n = 1–4 were adsorbed simply on the SeNW surface as n increased. Primary alcohol molecules with n = 5–10 had different characteristic behaviors than those with n = 1–4. The adsorption configuration of primary alcohol molecules on the surfaces of t-SeNWs is discussed.
T cell regulation of hematopoiesis (2008)

It has long been known that thymus-derived lymphocytes (T cells) can produce cytokines that have powerful effects on hematopoiesis. All major classes of T cells--CD4 T helper cells, CD4 regulatory T cells, CD8 T cells, gammadelta T cells and NKT cells--produce a number of cytokines and chemokines that can modulate hematopoiesis. More recent research has shown that specific T helper cell types, such as Th1, Th2 and Th17 cells, with the development of each subset depending on distinct STAT proteins, have the potential to modulate the hematopoietic response in different ways. In a teleological sense, the overall orchestration of the immune response by T helper cells fits with the concept that T helper cells would modulate the production of cells of the innate immune system by regulating hematopoiesis. Here we will review the literature on how T cell subsets regulate hematopoietic cell differentiation, and discuss how this regulation may complement the specific function of the T cell type.
Investigating the Role of FoxA1 and FoxA2 as Candidate Transcriptional Regulators of Sox9 in Intestinal Crypt Stem Cells (2019)

Two stem cell states have been identified within the crypts of the small intestine: ‘quiescent’ and ‘active’. SOX9, a transcription factor encoded from the Sox9 gene has been hypothesized to be the master regulator between these ‘active’ (low expression of SOX9) and ‘reserve’ (high expression of SOX9) intestinal stem cell states. Therefore, putative cis-regulatory sequences upstream of the SOX9 promoter have been analyzed through TRANSFAC© to determine potential candidates for up-regulation of SOX9 in quiescent and active stem cells. Preliminary results indicate that FOXA1and A2 represent potential transcriptional regulators of the SOX9 gene. This hypothesis has been supported by immunohistochemistry, qRT-PCR analysis, and ChIP-sequencing demonstrating that FOXA1/2 co-expresses in cells that express high levels of SOX9 within the intestinal crypt. These studies provide further understanding of how stem cell identity is normally regulated in the cells of the intestinal crypt.
Simultaneous Transmission and Reception: Algorithm, Design and System Level Performance (2013)

Full Duplex or Simultaneous transmission and reception (STR) in the same frequency at the same time can potentially double the physical layer capacity. However, high power transmit signal will appear at receive chain as echoes with powers much higher than the desired received signal. Therefore, in order to achieve the potential gain, it is imperative to cancel these echoes. As these high power echoes can saturate low noise amplifier (LNA) and also digital domain echo cancellation requires unrealistically high resolution analog-to-digital converter (ADC), the echoes should be cancelled or suppressed sufficiently before LNA. In this paper we present a closed-loop echo cancellation technique which can be implemented purely in analogue domain. The advantages of our method are multiple-fold: it is robust to phase noise, does not require additional set of antennas, can be applied to wideband signals and the performance is irrelevant to radio frequency (RF) impairments in transmit chain. Next, we study a few protocols for STR systems in carrier sense multiple access (CSMA) network and investigate MAC level throughput with realistic assumptions in both single cell and multiple cells. We show that STR can reduce hidden node problem in CSMA network and produce gains of up to 279% in maximum throughput in such networks. Moreover, at high traffic load, the gain of STR system can be tremendously large since the throughput of non-STR system is close to zero at heavy traffic due to severe collisions. Finally, we investigate the application of STR in cellular systems and study two new unique interferences introduced to the system due to STR, namely BS-BS interference and UE-UE interference. We show that these two new interferences will hugely degrade system performance if not treated appropriately. We propose novel methods to reduce both interferences and investigate the performances in system level. We show that BS-BS interference can be suppressed sufficiently enough to be less than thermal noise power, and with favorable UE-UE channel model, capacities close to double are observed both in downlink (DL) and uplink (UL). When UE-UE interference is larger than DL co-channel interferences, we propose a simple and "non-cooperative" technique in order to reduce UE-UE interference.
Image fitting using arctan for JPEG AC coefficient prediction (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> We explore predictive coding for the JPEG baseline sequential algorithm in this article. Our objective is to reduce inter-block redundancy of discrete cosine transform (DCT) blocks. We first present an implementation of image interpolation approach and develop a method for predicting ac coefficients of a block in terms of sum of pixels (or dc coefficients) of some surrounding patches. If we use 2-D quadratic polynomials for interpolation over 24 <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$\times$</tex></formula> 24 pixel area, our method derives the same equations, which JPEG developed for reducing blocking artifacts. Next, we show that nonpolynomial functions such as <formula formulatype="inline"> <tex>$\arctan$</tex></formula> perform better for ac prediction. We develop additional prediction equations considering different configurations of the interpolation area. Finally, we present performance results, which show that for images compressed at the default quality factor of 75, our equations reduce the ac energy of DCT blocks by about 22% and the final code bit size by about 5.5% over the JPEG sequential algorithm. At the quality factor of 90, the code size reduction is 10.8%. We also present an adaptive dc coding method by considering the prediction algorithm of JPEG-LS. It reduces the average JPEG dc residual by over 20% and the dc code bits by 7.75%. </para>
The EMBRACE registry. (2008)

Funded by the European Union’s Sixth Framework<br/>Programme, The EMBRACE Network of Excellence<br/>brings together seventeen institutions including<br/>seven EMBnet National and Specialist Nodes, in a<br/>concerted effort to provide consistent programmatic<br/>interfaces to a multitude of major bioinformatics<br/>tools and databases. Now in its fourth<br/>year, the EMBRACE partners have produced a<br/>growing collection of web services that are freely<br/>available for use by the community, and these<br/>are now being collected and published via the<br/>project’s newly released Service Registry. The<br/>core function of this publicly-available web site<br/>(the front page of which is shown in Figure 1) is to<br/>allow service providers to publicise their tools in a<br/>form that is easily searched by potential consumers.<br/>Moreover, the registry attempts to embody<br/>a number of the principles and lessons learned<br/>during the early years of EMBRACE.
High Pressure Mass Spectrometry: The Generation of Mass Spectra at Operating Pressures Exceeding 1 Torr in a Microscale Cylindrical Ion Trap (2016)

We present the first demonstration of high pressure mass spectrometry (HPMS), which we define as mass spectrometry performed at pressures greater than 100 mTorr. Mass analysis is shown at operational pressures exceeding 1 Torr of helium buffer gas. A differentially pumped MS system was constructed for HPMS development consisting of two chambers. The first chamber (mass analysis chamber) was operated at pressures up to 1.2 Torr and contained the ionization source and a microscale cylindrical ion trap (CIT) mass analyzer. The CIT had critical dimensions of r0 = 500 μm and z0 = 650 μm. The second chamber was held at a lower pressure (≤10 mTorr) and contained an electron multiplier for detection. Mass spectra for xenon, 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES), and octane were acquired with helium buffer gas pressures ranging from 0.04 to 1.2 Torr in the mass analysis chamber. Full-width at half-maximum of mass spectral peaks was found to increase 143% for xenon, 40% for CEES, and 77% for octane over this pressure range, with maximum peak widths of 1.19, 1.26, and 0.82 Da, respectively. Data were fitted with an algebraic model that factors in ion-neutral collision peak broadening effects at high pressures. Experimental and theoretical peak broadening slopes showed good agreement at buffer gas pressures greater than 0.2 Torr. Experiments presented here demonstrate mass spectrometry at pressures orders of magnitude higher than conventionally practiced with any type of mass analyzer. The use of HPMS provides a way to eliminate turbo pumping requirements, leading to significant reduction in MS system size, weight, and power and facilitating a path toward compact/hand-held mass spectrometers with numerous potential applications.
Infraclinical neuropathies related to immunodeficiency virus infection associated with higher T-helper cell count. (1989)

To assess subclinical involvement of the peripheral nervous system and its relationship to the immunological status of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients, we prospectively studied the peripheral nerve conductions and the subsets of peripheral blood lymphocytes of HIV patients. Fifty-seven patients, aged 20-54 years, 28 homosexuals and 29 heterosexuals, classified as CDC II-III (40 patients) and CDC IV (17 patients) were studied. No neurological symptoms or signs were present on bedside examination or questioning for all of the CDC II-III patients. For each conduction measured (H-reflex, sural and sciatic velocities, sural amplitude), the geometric mean was below normal values (p less than 0.05). Among the 57 HIV-infected patients, 20 (35%) had a significant decrease of at least one electrophysiologic measurement: 10/17 CDC IV patients vs. 10/40 CDC II-III patients (p less than 0.05). Two or more simultaneous abnormalities were more often observed in the CDC IV than in the CDC II-III group (9/10 vs. 4/10) (p less than 0.01). In the CDC II-III group, patients with subclinical neuropathies had higher T-helper and lower T-suppressor cell counts and higher T-helper/T-suppressor ratios than random patients without any neurologic abnormalities (1,057 vs. 657 cells/microliters, p less than 0.05, and 757 vs. 1,304 cells/microliters, p less than 0.01, 1.55 vs. 0.68, p less than 0.01, respectively). We conclude that (a) the peripheral nervous system is precociously and subclinically involved in the HIV disease; (b) the patients with infraclinical neuropathies have a significantly higher T-helper cell count than those without any neurologic involvement. The mechanism and the prognostic value of these two findings remain to be more precisely examined, and further studies are required.
Magnetic properties and shape memory of Fe-doped Ni52Mn24Ga24 single crystals (2002)

Single crystals of a pseudoquaternary Heusler alloy, Ni52Mn16Fe8Ga24, have now been synthesized. The substitution of Fe for Mn strengthens the magnetic exchange interactions, increasing the Curie temperature to 381 K. The Fe also increases the Ni magnetic moment to 0.41 μB relative to that in the stoichiometric Heusler composition. The strain accompanying the martensitic transformation is 2.4% in zero field and can be enhanced to 4.2% by a field of 1.2 T. A field-induced strain of 1.15% has been induced along [001] in unstressed crystals with magnetic fields of 1.2 T applied at 291 K.
Using a nonlinear mechanism to speed up the neural optimization processes (2003)

Recurrent neural networks based on gradient descent algorithms have been widely used in computation of various optimization and control problems. With the aid of a nonlinear mechanism, an improved method for accelerating the neural computation of optimization processes is proposed. We analyze its convergence property and compare it with other methods. Finally, we give simulation results to show its effectiveness for high-speed computation.
Centrifugal Bioreactors and Their Application in Remediation (2001)

Abstract A new approach to the maintenance of large microbial populations for bioremediation purposes has been developed in which a centrifugal bioreactor is used to immobilize microbial populations at extremely high density. The cells are ordered into a three‐dimensional array through which wastewater or groundwater volumes may be flowed, unimpeded by frits or screens. The process methodology is independent of the type, shape, or viability of the individual cells immobilized and, thus, may be adapted to many different bioremediation needs. The utilization of this new process has been explored for three different types of remediation: the removal of heavy metals from wastewater, the aerobic degradation of methyl‐ tert ‐butyl ether (MTBE), and the anaerobic reduction of nitrate to nitrogen gas. This article discusses the use of centrifugal bioreactors and their application in remediation. © 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
The possible role of contact current in cancer risk associated with residential magnetic fields (2000)

Residential electrical wiring safety practices in the US result in the possibility of a small voltage (up to a few tenths of a volt) on appliance surfaces with respect to water pipes or other grounded surfaces. This “open circuit voltage” (VOC) will cause “contact current” to flow in a person who touches the appliance and completes an electrical circuit to ground. This paper presents data suggesting that contact current due to VOC is an exposure that may explain the reported associations of residential magnetic fields with childhood leukemia. Our analysis is based on a computer model of a 40 house (single-unit, detached dwelling) neighborhood with electrical service that is representative of US grounding practices. The analysis was motivated by recent research suggesting that the physical location of power lines in the backyard, in contrast to the street, may be relevant to a relationship of power lines with childhood leukemia. In the model, the highest magnetic field levels and VOCs were both associated with backyard lines, and the highest VOCs were also associated with long ground paths in the residence. Across the entire neighborhood, magnetic field exposure was highly correlated with VOC (r = 0.93). Dosimetric modeling indicates that, compared to a very high residential level of a uniform horizontal magnetic field (10 μT) or a vertical electric field (100 V/m), a modest level of contact current (∼ 18 μA) leads to considerably greater induced electric fields (> 1 mV/m) averaged across tissue, such as bone marrow and heart. The correlation of VOC with magnetic fields in the model, combined with the dose estimates, lead us to conclude that VOC is a potentially important exposure with respect to childhood leukemia risks associated with residential magnetic fields. These findings, nonetheless, may not apply to residential service used in several European countries or to the Scandinavian studies concerned with populations exposed to magnetic fields from overhead transmission lines. Bioelectromagnetics 21:538–553, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Ionic Mechanisms of Regional Action Potential Heterogeneity in the Canine Right Atrium (1998)

Atrial action potential heterogeneity is a major determinant of atrial reentrant arrhythmias, but the underlying ionic mechanisms are poorly understood. To evaluate the basis of spatial heterogeneity in canine right atrial repolarization, we isolated cells from 4 regions: the crista terminalis (CT), appendage (APG), atrioventricular ring (AVR) area, and pectinate muscles. Systematic action potential (AP) differences were noted: CT cells had a "spike-and-dome" morphology and the longest AP duration (APD; value to 95% repolarization at 1 Hz, 270+/-10 ms [mean+/-SEM]); APG and pectinate muscle cells had intermediate APDs (180+/-3 and 190+/-3 ms, respectively; P<0.001 versus CT for each), with APG cells having a small phase 1; and AVR cells had the shortest APD (160+/-4 ms, P<0.001 versus other regions). The inward rectifier and the slow and ultrarapid delayed rectifier currents were similar in all regions. The transient outward K+ current was significantly smaller in APG cells, explaining their small phase 1 and high plateau. L-type Ca2+ current was greatest in CT cells and least in AVR cells, contributing to their longer and shorter APD, respectively. The E-4031-sensitive rapid delayed rectifier K+ current was larger in AVR cells compared with other regions. Voltage- and time-dependent current properties were constant across regions. We conclude that myocytes from different right atrial regions of the dog show systematic variations in AP properties and ionic currents and that the spatial variation in ionic current density may explain AP differences. Regional variation in atrial ionic currents may play an important role in atrial arrhythmia generation and may present opportunities for improving antiarrhythmic drug therapy.
LTE-based Satellite Communications in LEO Mega-Constellations (2017)

The integration of satellite and terrestrial networks is a promising solution for extending broadband coverage to areas not connected to a terrestrial infrastructure, as also demonstrated by recent commercial and standardisation endeavours. However, the large delays and Doppler shifts over the satellite channel pose severe technical challenges to traditional terrestrial systems, as LTE or 5G. In this paper, two architectures are proposed for a LEO mega-constellation realising a satellite-enabled LTE system, in which the on- ground LTE entity is either an eNB (Sat-eNB) or a Relay Node (Sat-RN). The impact of satellite channel impairments as large delays and Doppler shifts on LTE PHY/MAC procedures is discussed and assessed. The proposed analysis shows that, while carrier spacings, Random Access, and RN attach procedures do not pose specific issues, HARQ requires substantial modifications. Moreover, advanced handover procedures will be also required due to the satellites' movement.
Referenceless perceptual image defogging (2014)

We propose a referenceless perceptual defog and visibility enhancement model based on multiscale “fog aware” statistical features. Our model operates on a single foggy image and uses a set of “fog aware” weight maps to improve the visibility of foggy regions. The proposed defog and visibility enhancer makes use of statistical regularities observed in foggy and fog-free images to extract the most visible information from three processed image results: one white balanced and two contrast enhanced images. Perceptual fog density, fog aware luminance, contrast, saturation, chrominance, and saliency weight maps smoothly blend these via a Laplacian pyramid. Evaluation on a variety of foggy images shows that the proposed model achieves better results for darker, denser foggy images as well as on standard defog test images.
Synthesis of a Mixed Phosphonium–Sulfonium Bisylide R3PCSR2 (2007)

Mixing it up: The first persistent mixed phosphorus-sulfur bisylide has been synthesized (see scheme). Its formation was clearly demonstrated by its chemical reactivity, such as by methylation and complexation with CuI ions. DFT calculations on a model compound indicate that they are highly polarized species as a result of the interaction of the lone pairs of electrons on the central carbon atom with only the phosphonium function.