gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CERTS microgrids with photovoltaic microsources and feeder flow control (2016)

A promising approach is proposed for extending the appealing features of the CERTS microgrid concept beyond its robust plug-and-play and autonomous control characteristics to include the integration of photovoltaic (PV) microsources with reduced volatility at the grid interface. The steady-state and transient characteristics of a proposed CERTS PV microgrid that incorporates a droop-controlled PV inverter source and a feeder flow-controlled microsource are explored under a variety of demanding conditions including time-variant changes in irradiance, microgrid islanding, and load change events. The proposed configuration exhibits well-behaved transient responses for a variety of events, as well as the ability to maximize the harvest of PV energy during all modes of operation. Simulations and experimental results from a CERTS microgrid testbed are provided to validate the proposed approach.
Photochemical and photodynamic properties of vitamin B2--riboflavin and liposomes. (2003)

Ocular neovascular disease represents an important cause of blindness today. In this paper, it was used a model to evaluate the vaso-occlusive potential of photodynamic therapy with B2 vitamin. Neovascularization induced în an occular cornea consists of an easily accessible monolayer-like neovascular net within a transparent matrix. This fact allows studying the efficiency of occlusion în an isolated neovascular structure. This study is a requirement for the transport evaluation and photodynamic efficiency of this drug. Both riboflavin and the DPBF are embedded în the phospholipid bilayer. The quantum yield of DPBF photooxidation and riboflavin singlet oxygen generation are higher by comparison with water (13-35 s în liposomes and 0.4 s în water), due to the higher lifetime of singlet oxygen în liposomes and due to the special transport mechanism of B2 inside of liposomes. The photochemical behavior of riboflavin (Vitamin B2) aqueous solution and în unilamellar liposomes of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) during the sensitized photooxidation of 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran (DPBF) are discussed în this paper. Some structural aspects of DPPC liposomes, have been studied, too. The first step în the sequence of vesicle shape transformations, the spherical to polygonal shape transition, occurs în a very narrow temperature range, i.e., during the gel-to-liquid crystalline phase transition. At different temperatures (30,37-42 degrees C) could be seen the sequence for the vesicle form: spherical-polygonal-ellipsoidal, attributable to the lipid domain coexistence on the macroscopic structure of liposomes. The incorporation of B2 Vitamin eliminates the ellipsoidal form of DPPC, even at high temperature, because B2 has a very small molecule able to be encapsulated into DPPC vesicle. Also, the incorporation of B2 increase the DPPC diameter, all these observations being obtained by optical confocal microscopy.
<title>Investigation of GMC for CD uniformity benefits</title> (1995)

Long used as a replacement for COP in making 1:1 photomasks, poly(glycidyl methacrylate- co-3-chlorostyrene) (GMC), a negative acting e-beam sensitive resist, has recently been under investigation for additional applications, such as tight tolerance CD masks and 5X reticles. The process for GMC is straightforward and resilient within a manufacturing operation. In addition, the required process dose of 2.5 (mu) C/c<SUP>2</SUP> does not affect exposure time in a limiting way. This study has demonstrated CD uniformity less than 30 nm 3-sigma and showing no CD deviation from 50% - 150% of nominal develop time. GMC shows linear CD growth with over-exposure in the range from 80% to 200% of nominal, with X vs. Y CD tuning accomplished by the use of MEBES auto-tap blanker setting. Preliminary defect results are presented and conclusions are drawn that consider GMC as an easy to use alternative for critical CD layers.
Finding the Maximum Subset with Bounded Convex Curvature (2016)

We describe an algorithm for solving an important geometric problem arising in computer-aided manufacturing. When machining a pocket in a solid piece of material such as steel using a rough tool in a milling machine, sharp convex corners of the pocket cannot be done properly, but have to be left for finer tools that are more expensive to use. We want to determine a tool path that maximizes the use of the rough tool. Mathematically, this boils down to the following problem. Given a simply-connected set of points P in the plane such that the boundary of P is a curvilinear polygon consisting of n line segments and circular arcs of arbitrary radii, compute the maximum subset Q of P consisting of simply-connected sets where the boundary of each set is a curve with bounded convex curvature. A closed curve has bounded convex curvature if, when traversed in counterclockwise direction, it turns to the left with curvature at most 1. There is no bound on the curvature where it turns to the right. The difference in the requirement to left- and right-curvature is a natural consequence of different conditions when machining convex and concave areas of the pocket. We devise an algorithm to compute the unique maximum such set Q. The algorithm runs in O(n log n) time and uses O(n) space. For the correctness of our algorithm, we prove a new generalization of the Pestov-Ionin Theorem. This is needed to show that the output Q of our algorithm is indeed maximum in the sense that if Q' is any subset of P with a boundary of bounded convex curvature, then Q' is a subset of Q.
Generalised Design Models For EMS Maglev (2008)

The paper presents a generic modelling approach for electro-magnetic suspension (EMS) systems which brings together both fundamental principles and specific design factors to provide generalised models that can be adapted for any application. Key system parameters and typical electro-magnetic design factors are used to produce practical models for EMS controller design.
Abnormalities of Visual Processing and Frontostriatal Systems in Body Dysmorphic Disorder (2010)

These results suggest abnormalities in visual processing and frontostriatal systems in BDD. Hypoactivation in the occipital cortex for low spatial frequency faces may indicate either primary visual system abnormalities for configural face elements or top-down modulation of visual processing. Frontostriatal hyperactivity may be associated both with aversion and with symptoms of obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors.
Multiparametric Analysis of Circulating Exosomes and Other Small Extracellular Vesicles by Advanced Imaging Flow Cytometry (2018)

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are responsible for a multitude of physiological functions, including immunomodulation. A heterogenous mixture of small EV (sEV) subsets, including putative exosomes, is derived when commonly used "exosome" isolation techniques are employed. Subset diversity relates in part to their different intracellular origins, and can be associated with distinct functional properties. Recent progress in the EV field has enabled the categorization of such subsets based on their surface composition. For the first time, we combine such emerging subset-specific markers with advanced imaging flow cytometry (iFCM) to perform high-throughput, multiparametric, vesicle-by-vesicle characterization, and functional assessment of specific small EV subsets, and exosomes in particular. The approach allows researchers to address three important applications. First, it is known that different isolation techniques result in the divergent recovery of particular vesicle subsets. Taking three commonly used "exosome" isolation techniques as test cases (ultracentrifugation, size-exclusion chromatography, and polymer-based precipitation), the capacity for convenient and accurate isolate compositional analysis by iFCM is demonstrated. The approach was able to corroborate and to quantify the known skewing of subtype recovery among different isolation approaches. Second, exosomes are a particularly widely studied EV subset. Applying exosome-specific markers to samples collected from an optimal clinical transplantation model, we verify the capacity for iFCM to detect exosomes in circulation, to establish their tissue of origin, and to provide insights as to their functional immunological potential. Finally, we describe a technique for establishing whether the transfer of a molecule of interest to a target cell is exosomally mediated. In so doing, we highlight the approach's utility in assessing the functional <i>impact</i> of circulating exosomes and in identifying their targets. In conclusion, we set out a new methodological approach by which small extracellular vesicle subsets, exosomes in particular, can be conveniently and comprehensively investigated, thereby offering novel phenotypic and functional insights.
Deparaffinization and Lysis by Hydrothermal Pressure (Pressure Cooking) Coupled With Chaotropic Salt Column Purification (2013)

We report a hydrothermal pressure method (pressure cooking) for simultaneous deparaffinization and lysis of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue followed by conventional chaotropic salt column purification to obtain high-quality DNA. Using this method, the release of DNA occurred within the first minute of treatment, reaching the maximum at 5 minutes. An optimal treatment window was between 5 and 30 minutes. The extracted DNA was of high quality as determined by the 260/280 absorbance ratios, and the quantity of DNA extracted was linear with the input tissue amount. In paired sample experiments (N=19), the quantity of DNA extracted by hydrothermal pressure treatment was comparable to that obtained through the conventional xylene deparaffinization and protease K digestion method. The integrity of the recovered DNA was also comparable, evidenced by polymerase chain reaction amplifications of variable-sized amplicons in tissue samples archived from 0.2 to 22 years (N=14). The high quality of DNA was further confirmed by polymerase chain reaction amplification and Sanger sequencing analysis of representative exons of the EGFR gene in human non-small cell lung cancer tissue samples. In summary, this novel method offers DNA release from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue with unprecedented simplicity, speed, biohazard safety, and cost-efficiency. Combined with chaotropic salt column purification, high-quality DNA can be prepared for downstream applications in <30 minutes.
Oral hygiene instruction to arrest periodontitis in adolescents (2004)

Effectiveness of professional tooth cleaning instruction for a small group in adolescents to arrest periodontitis was assessed. Female high school students were examined the periodontal status using CPI index. Total and maximum score were represented as the sum and the largest score of CPI scores, respectively. Twenty-six students having 10-14 of total score were selected from all students for this prophylactic program. O'Leary's PCR was recorded after 5 min brushing by themselves. Then, the students had an additional 10 min brushing. Finally, brushing was instructed using conventional brushes. This instruction was conducted at 1-week intervals for 10 weeks.
O'Leary's PCR decreased significantly from the initial examination to the final one. Both total and maximum CPI scores decreased significantly at the next year examination. Maximum periodontal pocket depth decreased significantly after the program.
Despite the fact that approximately 3% of all students received the program, smaller scores increased in all students, suggesting the effect of this program may have spread to the wider group. The brushing technique was improved by sufficient and repeated instruction and the progression of incipient periodontitis was arrested, and periodontal condition was improved. Consequently, this program may contribute to the prophylaxis of periodontitis in adolescents.
A preparative-scale synthesis of O-alkyl-b-D-glucosides by enzymatic reverse hydrolysis (2005)

A preparative-scale synthesis of O-substituted β-D-glucopyranosides catalyzed by immobilized β -glucosidase in reverse hydrolytic reactions was attempted by using our novel reaction system. In this system the alcohols as solvents were replaced with organic solvents as diluting components. We found that not only 1,2-diacetoxyethane, but also triacetin is a suitable diluting solvent, because they can reduce the heterogeneity in the reverse hydrolytic reaction mixtures. Because of the high boiling point of the solvents, an extraction method was used for the isolation of products after reverse hydrolysis. This method resulted in higher yields (15-25%) than our original evaporation method (11-19%).
Performance Analysis of OTFS Under In-Phase and Quadrature Imbalance at Transmitter (2021)

The influence of in-phase and quadrature (IQ) imbalance on the performance of orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) transmission is investigated in this work. OTFS is a recent two-dimensional transmission scheme with promising robustness against the time and frequency selectivity of the time-varying wireless channel, and IQ impairment arises from inevitable imperfections between in-phase and quadrature branches in the transceiver design. In this paper, the mathematical model is presented to illustrate the physical effect of the IQ mismatched transmitter in OTFS, which results in a new type of interference named mirror-Doppler interference (MDI), occurring only along the Doppler axis. Moreover, a closed-form expression for the average bit error rate (BER) of OTFS with IQ imbalanced transmitter is derived taking into account M-ary symbol with a constant envelope and maximum likelihood (ML) detection principle. Importantly, our findings prove that IQ imbalanced transmitter causes a significant reduction in the diversity gain of OTFS transmission, but does not lead to an error floor in the BER performance as in one-dimensional current communication systems. Monte-Carlo simulations are provided to validate the derived mathematical formulas for OTFS transmission with constant envelope M-ary symbols under different system configurations.
miR-21, miR-221 and miR-222 expression and prostate cancer recurrence among obese and non-obese cases (2013)

Recent evidence shows that certain microRNAs (miRNAs) play a role in both obesity and prostate cancer recurrence, but the association between the expression of these miRNAs and obesity in prostate cancer recurrence is unknown. In this study, we examined the effect of the interaction between obesity and miR-21, miR-221 or miR-222 expression on prostate cancer recurrence among 28 recurrent and 37 non-recurrent prostate cancer cases. miRNA expression was determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Cox proportional hazard models adjusting for age at diagnosis, clinical stage and Gleason score were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for recurrence free survival. A significantly (P=0.014) higher proportion of recurrent cases (78.6%) than non-recurrent cases (48.6%) had a low expression of miR-21 and the difference was more prominent in obese than non-obese patients. Multivariate analysis showed that the expression of miR-21 was an independent risk factor for recurrence in obese (HR=6.15, 95% CI=1.04-36.48, P=0.045), but not in non-obese (HR=1.28, 95% CI=0.30-5.49, P=0.74) cases. A significant association with recurrence was not observed for the expression of miR-221 and miR-222. In summary, our findings show that miR-21 is associated with prostate cancer recurrence after radical prostatectomy and suggest that the differential expression of miR-21 is more prominent in obese than in non-obese cases. Future larger studies are warranted to confirm these initial findings and to elucidate the mechanisms involved.
Temporal Changes in Hospital Costs for Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation (2011)

Abstract Background: A recent prospective, randomized controlled trial demonstrated that a continuous-flow (CF) left ventricular assist device (LVAD) resulted in improved survival at 12 and 24 months compared to a pulsatile-flow (PF) device. The current study examines the hospitalization costs associated with treatment of New York Heart Failure Class IV patients when implanted with a CF LVAD and compares them to previously reported costs of a PF LVAD in the same population. Methods: Hospital billing data were analyzed for CF LVAD patients in the HeartMate II Destination Therapy trial to determine costs associated with the implantation admission. Hospital charges were converted to costs using hospital specific cost-to-charge ratios. Hospital costs were evaluated based on patient outcomes and compared to previously reported results from patients who received a pulsatile flow LVAD in Randomized Evaluation of Mechanical Assistance for the Treatment of Congestive Heart Failure. Multivariate models were created to determine the primary determinates of cost. Results: Hospital bills were available for 83 CF and 52 PF LVAD patients. Hospital length of stay and in-hospital mortality were lower in the CF cohort. Inflation-adjusted hospital costs were significantly lower for CF patients compared to PF patients (mean: $193,812 vs. $384,260, p < 0.001). Clinical factors that strongly influenced hospitalization costs included bleeding, respiratory failure, and infection. Conclusions: There has been a 50% reduction in the hospitalization cost associated with LVAD implantation since 2001. Improvements in operative technique and postoperative management appear to play critical roles in the observed cost reduction. (J Card Surg 2011;26:535-541)
The wood industry learns to win on the back end (1999)

University of Tennessee conference effectively links production and reuse of wood resources. Speakers addressed topics such s quantities generated, business opportunities and deconstruction. One cited wood residuals as the ultimate recyclable.
Neuroanatomy and immunocytochemistry of the median neuroendocrine cells of the subesophageal ganglion of the tobacco hawkmoth, Manduca sexta: Immunoreactivities to PBAN, and other neuropeptides (1996)

The median neuroendocrine cells of the subesophageal ganglion, important components of the neuroendocrine system of the tobacco hawkmoth, Manduca sexta, have not been well investigated. Therefore, we studied the anatomy of these cells by axonal backfills and characterized their peptide immunoreactivities. Both larvae and adults were examined, and developmental changes in these neuroendocrine cells were followed. Processes of the median neuroendocrine cells project to terminations in the corpora cardiaca via the third and the ventral nerves of this neurohemal organ, but the ventral nerve of the corpus cardiacum is the principal neurohemal surface for this system. Cobalt backfills of the third cardiacal nerves revealed lateral cells in the maxillary neuromere and a ventro-median pair in the labial neuromere. Backfills of the ventral cardiacal nerves revealed two ventro-median pairs of cells in the mandibular neuromere and two ventro-median triplets in the maxillary neuromere. The efferent projections of these cells are contralateral. The anatomy of the system is basically the same in larvae and adults. The three sets of median neuroendocrine cells are PBAN- and FMRFamide-immunoreactive, but only the mandibular and maxillary cells are proctolin-immunoreactive. During metamorphosis, the mandibular and maxillary cells also acquire CCK-like immunoreactivity and the labial cells become SCP- and sulfakinin-immunoreactive. Characteristics of FMRFamide-like immunostaining suggest that the median neuroendocrine cells may contain one or more of the FLRFamides that have been identified in M. sexta. The mandibular and maxillary neuroendocrine cells appear to produce the same set of hormones, and a somewhat different set of hormones is produced by the labial neuroendocrine cells. Two pairs of interneurons immunologically related to the neurosecretory cells are associated with the median maxillary neuroendocrine cells. These cells are PBAN-, FMRFamide-, SCP-, and sulfakinin-immunoreactive and project to arborizations in the brain and all ventral ganglia. These interneurons appear to have extensive modulatory functions in the CNS. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Regulated Expression of the Escherichia coli lepB Gene as a Tool for Cellular Testing of Antimicrobial Compounds That Inhibit Signal Peptidase I In Vitro (2002)

Escherichia coli under-expressing lepB was utilized to test cellular inhibition of signal peptidase I (SPase). For the construction of a lepB regulatable strain, the E. coli lepB gene was cloned into pBAD, with expression dependent on L-arabinose. The chromosomal copy of lepB was replaced with a kanamycin resistance gene, which was subsequently removed. SPase production by the lepB regulatable strain in the presence of various concentrations of L-arabinose was monitored by Western blot analysis. At lower arabinose concentrations growth proceeded more slowly, possibly due to a decrease of SPase levels in the cells. A penem SPase inhibitor with little antimicrobial activity against E. coli when tested at 100 micro M was utilized to validate the cell-based system. Under-expression of lepB sensitized the cells to penem, with complete growth inhibition observed at 10 to 30 micro M. Growth was rescued by increasing the SPase levels. The cell-based assay was used to test cellular inhibition of SPase by compounds that inhibit the enzyme in vitro. MD1, MD2, and MD3 are SPase inhibitors with antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, although they do not inhibit growth of E. coli. MD1 presented the best spectrum of antimicrobial activity. Both MD1 and MD2 prevented growth of E. coli under-expressing lepB in the presence of polymyxin B nonapeptide, with growth rescue observed when wild-type levels of SPase were produced. MD3 and MD4, a reactive analog of MD3, inhibited growth of E. coli under-expressing lepB. However, growth rescue in the presence of these compounds following increased lepB expression was observed only after prolonged incubation.
3D GEO-INFORMATION REQUIREMENTS FOR DISASTER AND EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT (2016)

Abstract. A conceptual approach is proposed to define 3D geo-information requirement for different types of disasters. This approach includes components such as Disaster Type-Sector-Actor-Process-Activity-Task-Data. According to disaster types processes, activities, tasks, sectors, and responsible and operational actors are derived. Based on the tasks, the needed level of detail for 3D geo-information model is determined. The levels of detail are compliant with the 3D international standard CityGML. After a brief introduction on the disaster phases and geo-information requirement for actors to perform the tasks, the paper discusses the current situation of disaster and emergency management in Turkey and elaborates on components of conceptual approach. This paper discusses the 3D geo-information requirements for the tasks to be used in the framework of 3D geo-information model for Disaster and Emergency Management System in Turkey. The framework is demonstrated for an industrial fire case in Turkey.