gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Battle for control of social welfare: workers versus employers (2002)

Employer control of family allowances and parliament's consideration of social insurance prompted rancorous debates within the working class. Union leaders failed to stop the family allowance movement because at virtually every turn they were confounded by divisions among their own rank and file. Workers with large families supported employers' payment of allowances. Indeed, they sometimes called on their syndicate chiefs to exert pressure on their employer to affiliate with a caisse de compensation. This division in the working class was exacerbated in 1919 with the creation of a new union based on social Catholic ideals, the Confédération Française des Travailleurs Chrétiens (CFTC). The 1920 Congress at Tours, where the French left split into rivaling socialist and communist parties further fragmented the working class on the question of social welfare. Two workers' unions emerged: the old CGT that remained allied with the socialists and the newly founded, pro-Soviet Confédération Générale du Travail Unitaire (CGTU). Although the CGT and CGTU leaderships fought together against employer-controlled family allowances, they attacked each other bitterly over the question of social insurance. The CGT sided with mutual leaders in support of social insurance. But leaders of the new CGTU, alongside communist deputies, denounced the Chamber-approved measure as a capitalist deception.
Sudan: In the Eye of the African Storm (1997)

An essay describing how the conflict in Sudan affects the stability of other countries in the region and continent.
Hybrid simulator and method for teaching optics or for training adjustment of an optical device (2017)

The invention concerns a hybrid simulator (100) for teaching optics or for training adjustment of an optical device.According to the invention, the hybrid simulator (100) comprises at least one dummy optical component (10) physically simulating an optical device, at least one actuator device (30) for generating or simulating an adjustment of said dummy optical component (10), a sensor configured for detecting an adjustment signal representative of operating said actuator device (30), a digital processing system (90) comprising a numerical model for simulating an output numerical optical beam resulting from interaction between an input numerical optical beam and a numerical optical component representing said optical device as a function of said adjustment signal and a display system (2, 95) for displaying a visual signal (51, 52) representative of said output optical beam and/or augmented reality signals (60, 61, 62, 63).
Technology Diffusion and Design (2008)

Introduction; 1 Technology diffusion and design processes; 1.1 The cases; 2 Design as information processing; 2.1 Supply of and demand for information; 2.3 Towards a new paradigm for the knowledge-diffusion process; Discussion; References
Performance of redundant and distributed detection systems with processor faults (2003)

Examines the performance of signal detectors when processors can have faults. The fault tolerance of two systems, the redundant system and the distributed fusion network, are examined. The optimal fault-tolerant design for each system is presented. The performance of the fault-tolerant systems is compared to the faulty simplex processor. In the absence of processor failures, the redundant system is identical to the simplex processor. However, when failures occur, the redundant system performs better than the simplex processor. The fault-free fusion network does not perform as well as the fault-free simplex processor. However, in the cases examined, when failures occur in systems with many (N> 12) channels, the fusion network performs better than the simplex processor.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Multiple trains of same-color surface plasmon-polaritons guided by the planar interface of a metal and a sculptured nematic thin ﬁlm. Part V: Grating-coupled excitation (Erratum) (2020)

Multiple trains of same-color surface plasmon-polaritons guided by the planar interface of a metal and a sculptured nematic thin film.Part
Neutron activation analysis detection limits using {sup 252}Cf sources (2000)

The Savannah River Technology Center (SRTC) developed a neutron activation analysis (NAA) facility several decades ago using low-flux {sup 252}Cf neutron sources. Through this time, the facility has addressed areas of applied interest in managing the Savannah River Site (SRS). Some applications are unique because of the site's operating history and its chemical-processing facilities. Because sensitivity needs for many applications are not severe, they can be accomplished using an {approximately}6-mg {sup 252}Cf NAA facility. The SRTC {sup 252}Cf facility continues to support applied research programs at SRTC as well as other SRS programs for environmental and waste management customers. Samples analyzed by NAA include organic compounds, metal alloys, sediments, site process solutions, and many other materials. Numerous radiochemical analyses also rely on the facility for production of short-lived tracers, yielding by activation of carriers and small-scale isotope production for separation methods testing. These applications are more fully reviewed in Ref. 1. Although the flux [{approximately}2 x 10{sup 7} n/cm{sup 2}{center_dot}s] is low relative to reactor facilities, more than 40 elements can be detected at low and sub-part-per-million levels. Detection limits provided by the facility are adequate for many analytical projects. Other multielement analysis methods, particularly inductively coupled plasma atomic emissionmore » and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, can now provide sensitivities on dissolved samples that are often better than those available by NAA using low-flux isotopic sources. Because NAA allows analysis of bulk samples, (a) it is a more cost-effective choice when its sensitivity is adequate than methods that require digestion and (b) it eliminates uncertainties that can be introduced by digestion processes.« less
Lung tumor-associated dendritic cell-derived resistin promoted cancer progression by increasing Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome candidate 1/Twist pathway (2013)

The interaction between tumors and their microenvironments leads to a vicious cycle, which strengthens both immune suppression and cancer progression. The present study demonstrates for the first time that tumor-associated dendritic cells (TADCs) are a source of resistin, which is responsible for increasing lung cancer epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. In addition, large amounts of resistin in the condition medium (CM) of TADCs increase cell migration and invasion, as well as the osteolytic bone metastatic properties of lung cancer cells. Neutralization of resistin from TADC-CM prevents the advanced malignancy-inducing features of TADC-CM. Significantly elevated levels of resistin have been observed in mice transplanted with lung cancer cells, tumor-infiltrating CD11c(+) DCs in human lung cancer samples and lung cancer patients' sera. Induction of lung cancer progression by TADC-derived resistin is associated with increased expression of Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome candidate 1 (WHSC1), a histone methyltransferase. Resistin-induced WHSC1 increases the dimethylation of histone 3 at lysine 36 and decreases the trimethylation of histone 3 at lysine 27 on the promoter of Twist, resulting in an enhancement of the expression of Twist. Knockdown of WHSC1 by small interfering RNA transfection significantly decreases resistin-mediated cancer progression by decreasing the upregulation of Twist, suggesting that WHSC1 plays a critical role in the regulation of Twist by epigenetic modification. Furthermore, mice that received antiresistin antibodies showed a decreased incidence of cancer development and metastasis. These findings suggest that TADC-derived resistin may be a novel candidate in promoting the development of lung cancer.
New triene-.BETA.-lactone antibiotics, triedimycins A and B. (1991)

Twonew antibioics, triedimycins A and B closely related to oxazolomycin,1~3) have found in the culture of Streptomyces sp
[Initial colonization of composite resins by Streptococcus mutans: the influence of polishing]. (1990)

The purpose of the present investigation was to compare the in vitro initial colonization of Streptococcus mutans on three composite materials (HERCULITE, FILLISPAD and SILIFILL) regarding the polishing procedure (SOFT-LEX, 3M). Surface roughness and bacterial deposit were analyzed by SEM and the deposit was estimated using a modified method of SKJORLAND. Results indicated that surface roughness was reduced by the polishing procedure, but this roughness was more important at the periphery of restorations. Bacterial deposit was strongly reduced on the polished materials but bacteria not adhered in the same number on the composites with a comparable surface roughness: the accumulation of bacteria was less important on FILLISPAD materials. It is concluded that the initial colonization of resin composites was not only dependent of surface roughness.
Evaluation of the Inferolateral Approach Combined with a Nasoseptal Flap for the Endoscopic Transsphenoidal Surgery for Cholesterol Granulomas Involving the Petrous Apex (2012)

Aim of the Study: Cholesterol granulomas involving the petrous apex are expansile, cystic lesions that usually originate within the petrous apex. Cholesterol granulomas may be clinically silent or produce headache and lesions of cranial nerves. Lateral approaches achieve drainage of the granuloma, but are associated with significant morbidity. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether lateral-seated lesions can also be managed transnasally.
250-Hz to 12-GHz Dielectric Properties of Grain and Seed (1975)

ABSTRACT THE dielectric properties of seed lots of hard red winter wheat, grain sor-ghum, spring oats, soybeans, and alfalfa were measured with seven systems covering the frequency range from 250 Hz to 12 GHz. Curves are presented that illustrate the variation in values of the dielectric constant, dielectric loss factor, loss tangent, and conductivity over this range of frequencies, and a few observa-tions are made on the nature of the fre-quency dependence of the dielectric properties.
Simultaneous transmit and receive for self-sensing in ultrasonic measurement systems (2020)

Simultaneous transmit and receive (STAR) systems have recently enabled sending and receiving of radio-frequency (RF) signals at the same time and at the same frequency using a single antenna. This has led to commercialization efforts with the promise of doubling the throughput of traditional radio systems, including Wi-Fi and future 5G cellular communications. Prior to these advances, researchers in vibration control have been developing self-sensing actuator systems, also referred to as sensoriactuators or sensorless control systems. Inspired by these developments, we combine and extend these approaches to explore the development of STAR functionality in an acoustic measurement system at ultrasonic frequencies. We apply self-interference cancellation (SIC) to a time domain measurement in order to demonstrate the potential for a practical, single-transducer ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation (NDE) system to measure continuous echo returns while it is actively transmitting at the same frequency. Theoretical models and preliminary experimental results will be presented and discussed.
System Combination for Machine Translation through Paraphrasing (2015)

In this paper, we propose a paraphrasing model to address the task of system combination for machine translation. We dynamically learn hierarchical paraphrases from target hypotheses and form a synchronous context-free grammar to guide a series of transformations of target hypotheses into fused translations. The model is able to exploit phrasal and structural system-weighted consensus and also to utilize existing information about word ordering present in the target hypotheses. In addition, to consider a diverse set of plausible fused translations, we develop a hybrid combination architecture, where we paraphrase every target hypothesis using different fusing techniques to obtain fused translations for each target, and then make the final selection among all fused translations. Our experimental results show that our approach can achieve a significant improvement over combination baselines.
Modélisation des dispositifs à jonction P-N : Application aux oscillateurs A.T.T. de forte puissance en bande Ku et à l'étude des régimes transitoires des limiteures à diode PIN (1989)

Nous avons developpe deux modeles complementaires. Le premier permet de simuler le fonctionnement de structures semiconductrices a jonction PN ne faisant pas intervenir d'effet quantique. Dans le deuxieme modele, le composant semiconducteur est associe a son circuit de charge defini simplement sous forme d'elements localises. Grâce au premier type de modele, nous etudions les diodes a avalanche et temps de transit a l'arseniure en bande Ku. Nous mettons en evidence le fonctionnement multifrequence, la collection prematuree des porteurs. Cette premiere etude montre que la structure a zone de derive unique de type Read est particulierement bien adaptee pour un fonctionnement en regime d'oscillations continues. Le deuxieme type de modele est utilise pour l'analyse des differents regimes transitoires auxquels est soumis un limiteur passif a diode PIN au silicium pendant son fonctionnement complexe. Nous considerons en particulier l'influence de la phase a l'origine et de l'enveloppe du signal d'entree applique.
An adaptive-equalizer-less low-complexity DSP using differential code shift keying (2017)

We propose the use of differential code shift keying (DCSK) for a symbol rate adaptive low-complexity DSP algorithm by eliminating adaptive-equalizer (AEQ) with limited influence on circuit size. As a proof of concept, a 300km transmission using DCSK format was demonstrated without using AEQ.
Reaping the Processing Potential of FPGA on Double-Precision Floating-Point Operations: An Eigenvalue Solver Case Study (2010)

Many scientific applications such as electromagnetics require their operations carried out in double-precision floating-point format. The efficiency of these applications is mainly subject to the floating-point processing performance on the target processors. In this work, we use an eigenvalue solver application as a case study to demonstrate the processing potential of an FPGA device when dealing with floating-point operations. Relying on deep pipelines and large local memory directly accessible within the FPGA device, more than 20 × performance improvement has been achieved for this particular case whose computation is intrinsically sequential. The methodology described in this paper can be conveniently applied to other domain applications that share similar data processing characteristics, demonstrating an impact on a broad range of scientific fields, e.g., numerical linear algebra.
<title>Nonlinear transmittance through laser protection barrier: reverse photosaturation of 1-phenylazo 2-napthalenol in polymer host</title> (1993)

We have measured the time-dependent transmittance of 'orange plastic' samples composed of the dye 1-Phenylazo 2-Napthalenol embedded in both polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and polycarbonate at various dye concentrations. The spectrophotometric transmittance below 520 nm is measured to be less than 0.01% for the PMMA samples. However, a 6.4 mm thick PMMA sample containing 0.008% dye concentration reached a steady-state transmittance of 0.5% in 15 seconds for samples irradiated with continuous wave 514.5 nm light at 12 mW/cm<SUP>2</SUP>. The transmittance reached a steady-state of 11% in 2.5 seconds when irradiated with 514.5 nm at greater than 600 W/cm<SUP>2</SUP> incident. This represents a three order of magnitude increase in the transmittance at relatively low irradiance levels. In contrast, a 6.4 nm thick PMMA sample containing a dye concentration of 0.03% continued to transmit less than 0.01% with increased irradiance until the material reached damage threshold. We report ground-state absorption curves and transmittance versus time measurements for dye concentrations ranging from 0.008% to 0.15% in PMMA and polycarbonate. We compared the steady-state transmittance at 514.5 nm to the incident irradiance. We propose possible mechanisms associated with the nonlinear transmittance characteristics of 1-Phenylazo 2-Napthalenol.
The Heart as an Ocean exploring meaningful interaction with biofeedback (2008)

This paper discusses the need to redefine the concept of 'interaction' within the context of interactive (audio) installations.This discussion is based on the realization of 'The Heart as an Ocean', a media piece that explores the relationship between auditory senses and biometric feedback.
Spin transfer torque switching for multi-bit per cell magnetic memory with perpendicular anisotropy (2011)

A novel multi-bit dual pseudo spin valve with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy is investigated for spin transfer torque (STT) switching. The structure consists of two free layers and one reference layer, and all are based on Co/Pd multilayer. STT switching of the multi-bit device shows distinct four resistance levels. The selection of intrinsic properties of each ferromagnetic layer can be controlled for distinct separation of the resistance levels as well as the respective STT switching current. Reversible transitions between different states can be achieved by a pulsed current, in which its critical value is found to be linearly dependent on pulse duration.
Dissolved carbonic anhydrase for enhancing post-combustion carbon dioxide hydration in aqueous ammonia (2011)

Aqueous ammonia solvents that capture CO2 as ionic complexes of carbonates with ammonium have recently been advanced as alternatives to amine-based solvents due to their lower energy requirements for thermal regeneration. In ammonia based solvents, the hydration of CO2 to form bicarbonate may become a rate-limiting step as the CO2 loading increases and the resulting pH level of the solvent decreases. Variants of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase can accelerate the reversible hydration of CO2 to yield bicarbonate by more than 106-fold. The possible benefit of bovine carbonic anhydrase (BCA) addition to solutions of aqueous ammonia to enhance CO2 hydration was investigated in semi-batch reactions within continuously stirred tank reactors or in a bubble column gas-liquid contactor. Adding 154 mg/liter of BCA to 2 M aqueous ammonia provided a 34.1% overall increase in the rate of CO2 hydration (as indicated by the production of [H+]) as the pH declined from 9.6 to 8.6 during sparging with a 15% CO2, 85% N2 gas at a flow rate of 3 lpm. The benefits of adding BCA to enhance CO2 hydration were only discernable below ∼pH 9. The implications of the apparent pH limitations on the utility of BCA are discussed in the context of absorber unit operation design. Possible embodiments of carbonic anhydrase as either an immobilized catalyst or as a dissolved, recirculating catalyst in potential plant scale aqueous ammonia systems are considered as well.
Archaeal habitats — from the extreme to the ordinary (2006)

The domain Archaea represents a third line of evolutionary descent, separate from Bacteria and Eucarya. Initial studies seemed to limit archaea to various extreme environments. These included habitats at the extreme limits that allow life on earth, in terms of temperature, pH, salinity, and anaerobiosis, which were the homes to hyper thermo philes, extreme (thermo)acidophiles, extreme halophiles, and methanogens. Typical environments from which pure cultures of archaeal species have been isolated include hot springs, hydrothermal vents, solfataras, salt lakes, soda lakes, sewage digesters, and the rumen. Within the past two decades, the use of molecular techniques, including PCR-based amplification of 16S rRNA genes, has allowed a culture-independent assessment of microbial diversity. Remarkably, such techniques have indicated a wide distribution of mostly uncultured archaea in normal habitats, such as ocean waters, lake waters, and soil. This review discusses organisms from the domain Archaea in the context of the environments where they have been isolated or detected. For organizational purposes, the domain has been separated into the traditional groups of methanogens, extreme halophiles, thermoacidophiles, and hyperthermophiles, as well as the uncultured archaea detected by molecular means. Where possible, we have correlated known energy-yielding reactions and carbon sources of the archaeal types with available data on potential carbon sources and electron donors and acceptors present in the environments. From the broad distribution, metabolic diversity, and sheer numbers of archaea in environments from the extreme to the ordinary, the roles that the Archaea play in the ecosystems have been grossly underestimated and are worthy of much greater scrutiny.
Development of a modular software system for the dynamic simulation of coal conversion plants. Quarterly report, October--December 1977 (1978)

The GEARB integrator was tested for a second option which encompasses a banded approximation of the ODE system Jacobian matrix specified by the user. By using more of the Jacobian matrix (rather than just the main diagonal) as presently implemented in the first GEARB option, the efficiency of the integrator should improve, and this indeed was found to be so for a 100-ODE test problem. However, as the band of the Jacobian matrix approximation was expanded to encompass nearly the entire Jacobian matrix, operational problems with the GEARB integrator were encountered. When this option is considered fully operational, it will be interfaced to the main DSS/2 system and will be documented in the GEARB manual. Preliminary testing of DSS/2 with the GEARB integrator (diagonal approximation) was successfully completed on an IBM 370/165; additional testing on the ORNL IBM 360/195 is now under way. The subroutines for heat capacity, heat of reaction, and chemical equilibrium constant and all of the subroutines called by them were modified and changed in order to communicate directly with the data base for any compound in any order. In addition, ideal-gas-only subroutines were written for the same three properties. As expected, they are more efficient of computer time and will be used wherever justifiable on a thermodynamic basis. The basic equations for the system gasifier, lift tube, and cyclonic combustor have been written and are presented. The carbon dioxide removal system for the methanation section has been modeled in three units: (1) absorber column, (2) flash unit, (3) stripper column. A steady-state mathematical model has been prepared, and the entire unit has been designed. Some of these steady-state results are presented.
The Iron Carrier Transferrin Is Upregulated in Retinas from Patients with Age-Related Macular Degeneration (2006)

These data demonstrate that transferrin expression is increased in the retinas of patients with AMD relative to those of healthy control patients of comparable age. Along with previous studies that have demonstrated elevated iron levels in AMD retinas, early onset drusen formation in a patient with retinal iron overload resulting from aceruloplasminemia, and retinal degeneration with some features of macular degeneration in the iron-overloaded retinas of ceruloplasmin/hephestin knockout mice, the present study suggests that altered iron homeostasis is associated with AMD.