gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Growth of Cities in the Fourth District (2007)

Many Fourth District cities have experienced relatively weak population growth over the past half century. One possible reason some cities have recently grown more is because they have better educated workforces. Recent research suggests that the educational attainment of residents is critical to population growth, particularly for cities in the Northeast and Midwest.
Sulfurtransferase and thioredoxin specifically interact as demonstrated by bimolecular fluorescence complementation analysis and biochemical tests (2015)

Sulfurtransferases (Strs) and thioredoxins (Trxs) are members of large protein families. Trxs are disulfide reductases and play an important role in redox-related cellular processes. They interact with a broad range of proteins. Strs catalyze the transfer of a sulfur atom from a suitable sulfur donor to nucleophilic sulfur acceptors in vitro, but the physiological roles of these enzymes are not well defined. Several studies in different organisms demonstrate protein-protein interactions of Strs with members of the Trx family. We are interested in investigating the specificity of the interaction between Str and Trx isoforms. In order to use the bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC), several Str and Trx sequences from Arabidopsis thaliana were cloned into the pUC-SPYNE and pUC-SPYCE split-YFP vectors, respectively. Each couple of plasmids containing the sequences for the putative interaction partners were transformed into Arabidopsis protoplasts and screened using a confocal laser scanning microscope. Compartment- and partner-specific interactions could be observed in transformed protoplasts. Replacement of cysteine residues in the redox-active site of Trxs abolished the interaction signal. Therefore, the redox site is not only involved in the redox reaction but also responsible for the interaction with partner proteins. Biochemical assays support a specific interaction among Strs and certain Trxs. Based on the results obtained, the interaction of Strs and Trxs indicates a role of Strs in the maintenance of the cellular redox homeostasis.
Langages et langage (1993)

David Lewis introduces conventions into situations of collective action between persons wanting to resolve a concrete problem of co-ordination. Hence the following, sometimes under-emphasized, properties of this co-ordination: belonging to the domaine of the act of realization, and not to that of cognition ; plurality of conventions in keeping with the situation ; validity for a population P, itself identified in a variable way ; rational adhesion to the convention ; plurality of precedents; non relevance of the question of the convention's origins.
A new phenylpropanoid derivative of catechin from the needles ofTaxus cuspidata (2008)

Investigation of the lower molecular weight phenolics from the needles of Taxus cuspidata led to the isolation and structural elucidation of (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin and (+)-catechin-(5,6-bc)-4beta-(4''-hydroxyphenyl)-dihydro-2(H)-pyranone (1), a new phenylpropanoid flavan-3-ol. The structures of these compounds were established on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence.
Dissecting the Genetic Complexity of Fusarium Crown Rot Resistance in Wheat (2020)

Fusarium crown rot (FCR) is one of the most important diseases of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). FCR is mainly caused by the fungal pathogens Fusarium culmorum and F. pseudograminearum. In order to identify new sources of resistance to FCR and to dissect the complexity of FCR resistance, a panel of 161 wheat accessions was phenotyped under growth room (GR) and greenhouse conditions (GH). Analysis of variance showed significant differences in crown rot development among wheat accessions and high heritability of genotype-environment interactions for GR (0.96) and GH (0.91). Mixed linear model analysis revealed seven novel quantitative trait loci (QTLs) linked to F. culmorum on chromosomes 2AL, 3AS, 4BS, 5BS, 5DS, 5DL and 6DS for GR and eight QTLs on chromosomes on 3AS, 3BS, 3DL, 4BS (2), 5BS, 6BS and 6BL for GH. Total phenotypic variances (R²) explained by the QTLs linked to GR and GH were 48% and 59%, respectively. In addition, five favorable epistasis interactions among the QTLs were detected for both GR and GH with and without main effects. Epistatic interaction contributed additional variation up to 21% under GR and 7% under GH indicating strong effects of environment on the expression of QTLs. Our results revealed FCR resistance responses in wheat to be complex and controlled by multiple QTLs.
Theory ofFA-center optical absorption in alkali halides: Symmetry-adapted wave functions (1979)

Flexible symmetry-adapted trial pseudowave functions are used to estimate variationally the optical-absorption energies of ${F}_{A}$ centers in KCl: Na, KCl: Li, RbCl: Na, and KF: Li and of $F$ centers in KCl, RbCl, and KF. The results are compared with previous work in which simple $1s$ and $2p$ functions were used. In the present work a form of the ion-size correction of Bartram, Stoneham, and Gash is used and lattice distortion is ignored except for a static displacement of the impurity cation. Contributions to the absorption splitting from kinetic, point-ion, and ion-size energies are obtained, and the effect of wave-function flexibility is analyzed.
Oligodeoxynucleotides Without CpG Motifs Work as Adjuvant for the Induction of Th2 Differentiation in a Sequence-Independent Manner (2003)

The outcomes of immune responses are regulated by various parameters including how Ags are handled by APCs. In this study, we describe the intrinsic immunomodulatory characteristics of oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) that improve the Ag presentation by APCs. ODNs (20-mer) containing CpG motifs induced strong Th1-skewed responses. In contrast, those without CpG motifs enhanced cytokine production by effector Th cells without particular skewing toward Th1 responses or induced the differentiation of unprimed CD4(+) T cells toward Th2 cells. These functional features were prominently envisaged when ODNs were conjugated to the Ag, and were underlain by the facilitated binding of ODN-conjugated Ag to Ia(+) cells. Despite the functional differences between ODNs with CpG motifs and those without CpG motifs, both ODNs bound to Ia(+) cells with similar affinity and kinetics. Immunoenhancing activities of the ODNs were not sequence-dependent; the characteristics, including the facilitation of Ag capture, enhancement of effector Th cell responses, and induction of Th2 cells, were shared by randomly synthesized ODNs conjugated to Ag. This is the first study suggesting that ODNs, independent of the sequences, enhance immune responses through the promoted capture of ODN-conjugated Ag by APCs.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Solid State Materials Derived from Transition Metal Bis‐ Dithiolene Complexes (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
In Situ IR Spectrum of 12-Tungstophosphoric Acid Hexahydrate with Planar H5O2+ (2004)

The in situ IR spectra of H3PW12O40·nH2O (n = 0−6.2) in the range 4000−1100 cm-1 were measured, and that of H3PW12O40·6H2O (i.e., [H5O2+]3[PW12O403-]) with planar H5O2+ was investigated. The spectrum showed a broad continuum below 3700 cm-1, with peaks at 3420, 2720, 2030, and 1640 cm-1, and was deconvoluted into five bands at 3420, 2720, 2030, 1780, and 1640 cm-1. These bands, except for 2030 cm-1, were shifted by the deuteration and are assigned to the vibration modes of the planar structure. The vibration modes of the simplified model H5O2+·4OW(OH)4(OH2) were calculated by the quantum chemical method with the B3LYP/6-31+G* level: The 3420 cm-1 band is assigned to the overlap of the ν(OwHw) of the ν7 mode with the A component of Fermi resonance among ν8 (ν(OwHw)), ν3 (δ(OwHw2)), and ν11 (γ(OwHw2)) with the same species, of which the first mode is broadened by the anharmonic coupling of OwHw and OaHw vibrations. The bands at 2720 and 1780 cm-1 are probably assigned to separated BC components of the Fermi resonance. The 2030 cm-1 band is assigned to the overlap of overtone and combination vibrations of the skeletal vibration modes of νas(PO), νas(WO), and νas(WOcW) in the same way to that of Cs3PW12O40·0H2O: Cs3PW12O40·0H2O showed three bands at 2159, 2074, and 1988 cm-1, and the band positions were not changed by the deuteration and agreed with those of overtone and combination vibrations of skeletal vibration modes of νas(PO), νas(WO), and νas(WOcW). The 1640 cm-1 band is assigned to the HwOwHw bending vibration mode.
UTPlaceF 2.0 (2018)

Modern field-programmable gate array (FPGA) devices contain complex clock architectures on top of configurable logics. Unlike application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), the physical structure of clock networks in an FPGA is pre-manufactured and cannot be adjusted to different applications. Furthermore, clock routing resources are typically limited for high-utilization designs. Consequently, clock architectures impose extra clock constraints and further complicate physical implementation tasks such as placement. Traditional ASIC placement techniques only optimize conventional design metrics such as wirelength, routability, power, and timing without clock legality consideration. It is imperative to have new techniques to honor clock constraints during placement for FPGAs. In this article, we propose a high-performance FPGA placement engine, UTPlaceF 2.0, that optimizes wirelength and routability while honoring complex clock constraints. Our proposed approaches consist of an iterative minimum-cost-flow-based cell assignment as well as a clock-aware packing for producing clock-legal yet high-quality placement solutions. UTPlaceF 2.0 won first place in the ISPD’17 clock-aware FPGA placement contest organized by Xilinx, outperforming the second- and the third-place winners by 4.0% and 10.0%, respectively, in routed wirelength with competitive runtime, on a set of industry benchmarks.
The Effect of Wax on Compaction of Microcrystalline Cellulose Beads Made by Extrusion and Spheronization (1998)

The effect of wax on the deformation behavior and compression characteristics of microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel PH-101) and acetaminophen (APAP) beads is described. Beads of Avicel PH-101 and APAP formulations were prepared using extrusion and spheronization technology. A waxy material, glyceryl behenate, N.F. (Compritol), was added to the formulations in amounts ranging from 10% to 70% of total solid weight. Beads with a selected particle size range of 16-30 mesh were compressed with an instrumented single punch Manesty F press utilizing a 7/16-in. flat-faced tooling set. Compaction profiles were generated for the tablets to evaluate the effect of wax on the densification of beads containing wax. Beads made without wax (the control formulation) required greater compression forces to form cohesive tablets. As the amount of wax in the bead formulation was increased, the beads become more plastic and compressible. The Heckel equation which relates densification to compression pressure was used to evaluate the deformation mechanisms of the bead formulations. The analysis shows that as the level of wax in the bead formulation is increased, the yield pressure decreases, indicating that the beads densify by a plastic deformation mechanism.
Wearable Health Devices in Health Care: Narrative Systematic Review (2020)

We predict that with the development of science and technology and the popularization of personalized health concepts, wearable devices will play a greater role in the field of health care and become better integrated into people's daily lives. However, more research is needed to explore further applications of wearable devices in the medical field. We hope that this review can provide a useful reference for the development of wearable medical devices.
Applications of a pnCCD detector coupled to columnar structure CsI(Tl) scintillator system in ultra high energy X-ray Laue diffraction (2017)

Most charge coupled devices (CCDs) are made of silicon (Si) with typical active layer thicknesses of several microns. In case of a pnCCD detector the sensitive Si thickness is 450 μm. However, for silicon based detectors the quantum efficiency for hard X-rays drops significantly for photon energies above 10 keV . This drawback can be overcome by combining a pixelated silicon-based detector system with a columnar scintillator. Here we report on the characterization of a low noise, fully depleted 128×128 pixels pnCCD detector with 75×75 μm2 pixel size coupled to a 700 μm thick columnar CsI(Tl) scintillator in the photon range between 1 keV to 130 keV . The excellent performance of the detection system in the hard X-ray range is demonstrated in a Laue type X-ray diffraction experiment performed at EDDI beamline of the BESSY II synchrotron taken at a set of several GaAs single crystals irradiated by white synchrotron radiation. With the columnar structure of the scintillator, the position resolution of the whole system reaches a value of less than one pixel. Using the presented detector system and considering the functional relation between indirect and direct photon events Laue diffraction peaks with X-ray energies up to 120 keV were efficiently detected. As one of possible applications of the combined CsI-pnCCD system we demonstrate that the accuracy of X-ray structure factors extracted from Laue diffraction peaks can be significantly improved in hard X-ray range using the combined CsI(Tl)-pnCCD system compared to a bare pnCCD.
IL-17A-producing CD8+T cells as therapeutic targets in autoimmunity (2015)

Due to its important roles in inflammation and autoimmunity, TC17 cell pathway may have promise as a potential therapeutic target for autoimmune diseases. The strategies include the suppression of TC17 cell generation and migration and the blockade of TC17 cell instability and heterogeneity. TMP778 may open an avenue to novel therapeutic strategies.
Gall stone: a rare cause of acute abdomen in a seven years old girl. (2002)

Jamila Khatun a seven years old girl from Shurjunagar, Rajbari, presented with acute pain in the right side of her abdomen. Blood test was normal except mild elevation of serum bilirubin. Chest X-ray reveals no fluid level & no gas under the dome of diaphragm. Ultrasonogram of the abdomen reveled multiple stone in the gallbladder.
Disposition of emergency department patients diagnosed with acute heart failure: an international emergency medicine perspective (2016)

Many patients with acute heart failure are initially managed in emergency departments (EDs) worldwide. Although some require hospitalization for further management, it is likely that a sizeable proportion could be safely discharged either directly from the ED or after a more extended period of management in an observation-type unit. Identification of low-risk patients who are safe for such an approach to management continues to be a global unmet need. This is driven in part by a lack of clarity on postdischarge outcomes for lower risk patients and a nonexistent consensus on what may be acceptable event rates. The current paper reviews previous studies carried out on patients directly discharged from the ED, suggests a general disposition algorithm and focuses on discharge metrics, which are based on both evidence and expert opinion. In addition, we propose that the following variables be considered for future determination of acceptable event rates: (a) baseline characteristics and risk status of the patient; (b) access to follow-up;
Herpesvirus Research at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases: Thirty Years of Progress (2010)

The year 2009 marks the 30th year anniversary of Dr. Stephen Straus(s arrival to head the Medical Virology Section of the Laboratory of Clinical Investigation at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. Dr. Straus initiated basic laboratory and clinical studies on herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus, and Epstein-Barr virus. The Medical Virology Section (currently in the Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases) continues to conduct studies of human herpesviruses, including bench-to-bedside and bedside-to-bench translational research involving these viruses. This chapter provides an overview of studies from the Medical Virology Section during the past 30 years.
PREDICTION OF FLOUR EXTRACTION RATE IN HARD RED WINTER WHEAT USING THE SINGLE KERNEL CHARACTERIZATION† (2005)

ABSTRACT Flour extraction rate is a key determinant in milling efficiency and profitability and can be useful in projecting flour output from a mill. Wheat is generally purchased based upon a small group of traditionally measured physical characteristics. This article explores the use of the Single Kernel Characterization System (SKCS) to predict flour extraction rate. Regression analysis was performed using the SKCS parameters and test weight against flour extraction rate for over 600 observations from multiple years from the hard red winter wheat production areas of the U.S. The regression equation had an R 2 of 0.81. The data suggest that the SKCS 4100 and test weight can be used to predict flour extraction rate in hard red winter wheat. Using the regression equation as a tool, mill buyers may be able to make better decisions regarding their wheat purchases and prediction of flour output.
Angel: A proposed multiprocessor operating system kernel (1992)

We describe an operating system design for multiprocessor systems called Angel, based on a single, coherent, uniform virtual address space. This unifies naming and interprocess communication in both shared and distributed memory multiprocessors by using distributed shared memory techniques when shared memory is not already provided by the hardware. The design is motivated by analysis of our earlier operating system implementation, based on message passing, and we show how the uniform address space attempts to solve problems with that approach. In particular, we consider the use of client-server crossmapping to optimise interprocess communications, as used in Bershad et al.&amp;apos;s lightweight RPC. This document describes initial motivations for Angel and subsequent detailed design--- we will review and may modify many of the details described as the design progresses. 1 Introduction This paper describes an experimental operating system being developed at City University and Imperial College...
Combating Obesity of Low Income Food Stamp Recipients (2011)

An in depth look at the effects of being obese on the economic health of low income communities
Diethyldithiocarbamic acid S-oxide: a new class of sulfine (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDiethyldithiocarbamic acid S-oxide: a new class of sulfineYoshihito Watanabe and Yuzuru IshimuraCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 9, 2119–2120Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1988https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00244a055RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views358Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (314 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Hydrodechlorination of 3,4,5,6‐Tetrachlorophthalic Anhydride: Preparation of 3,4,6‐Trichlorophthalic Acid. (1990)

Abstract Treatment of tetrachlorophthalic anhydride (I) with zinc dust and aqueous sodium hydroxide produces 3,4,6‐trichlorophthalic acid (II) which under similar reaction conditions yields predominantly a mixture of 3,6‐dichlorophthalic acid (III) and 3‐chlorophthalic anhydride (IV).
Entanglement from longitudinal and scalar photons (2010)

The quantization of the electromagnetic field in the Lorentz gauge produces longitudinal and scalar photons in addition to the usual transverse photons. It is shown that these additional photons can produce entanglement between distant atoms.
High resolution gel‐dosimetry by optical‐CT and MR scanning (2001)

The increased intricacy of Intensity-Modulated-Radiation-Therapy (IMRT) delivery has created the need for a high-resolution 3D-dosimetry (three-dimensional) system capable of measuring and verifying the complex delivery. Present clinical methods are inadequate being restricted to single points (e.g., ion-chambers) or to 2D planes (e.g., film), and are labor intensive. In this paper we show that gel-dosimetry in conjunction with optical-CT scanning can yield maps of dose that are of sufficient accuracy, resolution and precision to allow verification of complex radiosurgery deliveries, and by extension IMRT deliveries. The radiosurgery dose-distribution represents the most challenging case encountered in external beam therapy by virtue of the steep dose-gradients and high resolution of delivery. We characterize the stringent radiosurgery requirements by the RTAP (Resolution-Time-Accuracy-Precision) criteria defined as < or = 1 mm3 spatial resolution, < or = 1 hour imaging time, accurate to within 3%, and within -1% precision. The RTAP criteria is applied to an in-house laser-based optical-CT scanning system presented here, and evaluated using gel-flasks containing BANG3 gel. The same gel flasks were subsequently imaged using the MR imaging protocol recommended by the gel manufacturer, but modified to match as closely as possible the RTAP. The resulting dose-maps demonstrate the high precision (< 1.3% noise at high dose) achievable with optical CT scanning while preserving high spatial resolution (<1 mm3). Using the sequence above, the MR gel-dose maps were found to have poorer precision by a factor of 5, under the strict conditions of the RTAP. The optical CT gel-dosimetry system was further evaluated for the verification of a complex 3-isocenter radiosurgery delivery. In conclusion, this work demonstrates that gel-dosimetry and optical-CT scanning approach an important long-term goal of radiation dosimetry, as specified by the RTAP criteria, and have potential to impact the clinic by improving and facilitating clinical dose verification for the most complex external beam radiation treatments.