gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Direct Observation of β-Aryl Eliminations from Rh(I) Alkoxides (2006)

beta-Aryl eliminations from a series of rhodium(I) alkoxides to form rhodium aryl complexes and free ketones are reported. Tertiary phenylmethoxide complexes [Rh(PEt3)n(OCPhRR')] (n = 2, 3) were prepared via alcoholysis of {Rh(PEt3)2[N(SiMe3)2} by the corresponding alcohols HOCPhRR' in the presence and absence of added PEt3. Heating of these complexes in the presence of added PEt3 generated the rhodium phenyl complex, (PEt3)3RhPh, and the corresponding ketones in good to high yields. Kinetic results are most consistent with irreversible beta-phenyl elimination from a bisphosphine-ligated rhodium alkoxide complex. Such bisphosphine complexes result from ligand dissociation from the trisphosphine complexes and have been isolated in some cases. The bisphosphine complexes are stabilized by Rh-Cphenyl interactions, as evidenced by an X-ray structure, and this structure with a metal-aryl interaction likely illustrates the pathway for C-C bond cleavage.
Spoofing Attack Detection Using Machine Learning in Cross-Technology Communication (2021)

Cross-technology communication (CTC) technique can realize direct communication among heterogeneous wireless devices (e.g., WiFi, ZigBee, and Bluetooth in the 2.4 G ISM band) without gateway equipment for forwarding, which makes heterogeneous wireless communication more convenient and greatly reduces communication costs. However, compared with the traditional homogeneous network model, CTC technique also makes it easier to implement spoofing attacks in heterogeneous networks. WiFi devices with long communication distances and sufficient energy supply can directly launch spoofing attacks against ZigBee devices, which brings severe security concerns for heterogeneous wireless communications. In this paper, we focus on the CTC spoofing attack, especially spoofing attacks from WiFi to ZigBee and propose a machine learning-based method to detect spoofing attacks for heterogeneous wireless networks by using physical-layer information. First, we model the received signal strength (RSS) data of legitimate ZigBee devices to construct a one-class support vector machine (OSVM) classifier for detecting CTC spoofing attacks depending on the obtained training samples. Then, we simulated CTC spoofing attacks in a live testbed and evaluated the performance of our detection method. Results show that our approach is highly effective in spoofing detection. Even if the distance between the legitimate ZigBee device and WiFi attacker is near each other (i.e., less than 2 m) and does not require a large number of samples, the detection rate and precision of our method are both over 90%. Finally, we employ the OSVM classifier to obtain samples of spoofing attacks and then explore using SVM to further improve the performance of the classifier.
The Radio-FIR Correlation in the Milky Way (2010)

Abstract We investigate the scale on which the correlation arises between the 843 MHz radio and the 60 μm far-infrared (FIR) emission from star forming regions in the Milky way. The correlation, which exists on the smallest scales investigated (down to ≈ 4 pc), becomes noticeably tight on fields of size 30′, corresponding to physical scales of ≈ 20–50 pc. The FIR to radio flux ratio on this scale is consi stent with the radio emission being dominated by thermal emission. We also investigate the location dependence of q mean , a parameter measuring the mean FIR to radio flux ratio, of a sample of star forming regions. We show that q mean displays a modest dependence on galactic latitude. If this is interpreted as a dependence on the intensity of star formation activity, the result is consistent with studies of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) and other near by galaxies that show elevated values for q in regions of enhanced star formation.
European project for achieving quieter oceans by shipping noise footprint reduction (2014)

There is a growing consensus among the scientific community for the need to mitigate underwater noise footprint due to shipping, in order to prevent negative consequences to marine life. In that context, AQUO project started in October 2012, in the scope of the FP7 European Research Framework, for three years duration. The final goal is to provide policy makers with practical guidelines and solutions, acceptable by shipyards and ship owners, in order to mitigate underwater noise due to noise radiation from ships. First, a general presentation of the project will be given, and the logical relationship between the tasks will be outlined. A key element is the development of a “Shipping noise footprint assessment tool,” derived from the software Quonops©. This tool can predict the noise map in a maritime area using real time information on ship traffic. Many other studies are undergoing, covering ship underwater radiated noise, propeller noise (including cavitation), and bio-acoustic experiments. The AQUO project team is composed of ship industry, specialized companies, a classification society, research centres and academics, allowing addressing the complexity of the topic. In a second part, some recent results from the project will be given. These will include, for example, the definition of indicators for the impact of shipping noise on marine life, results from vibro-acoustic measurements on several ships at sea, and results from bio-acoustic studies.
TiO2 (Nano)Particles Extracted from Sugar-Coated Confectionery (2017)

As the debate about TiO 2 food additive safety is still open, the present study focuses on the extraction and characterisation of TiO 2 (nano)particles added as a whitening agent to confectionary products, that is, chewing gum pellets. The aim was to (1) determine the colloidal properties of suspensions mutually containing TiO 2 and all other chewing gum ingredients in biologically relevant media (preingestion conditions); (2) characterise the TiO 2 (nano)particles extracted from the chewing gum coating (after ingestion); and (3) verify their potential photocatalysis. The particle size distribution, in agreement with the zeta potential results, indicated that a small but significant portion of the particle population retained mean dimensions close to the nanosize range, even in conditions of moderate stability, and in presence of all other ingredients. The dispersibility was enhanced by proteins (i.e., albumin), which acted as surfactants and reduced particle size. The particle extraction methods involved conventional techniques and no harmful chemicals. The presence of TiO 2 particles embedded in the sugar-based coating was confirmed, including 17–30% fraction in the nanorange (&lt;100 nm). The decomposition of organics under UV irradiation proved the photocatalytic activity of the extracted (nano)particles. Surprisingly, photocatalysis occurred even in presence of an amorphous SiO 2 layer surrounding the TiO 2 particles.
Deep shadow maps (2000)

We introduce deep shadow maps, a technique that produces fast, high-quality shadows for primitives such as hair, fur, and smoke. Unlike traditional shadow maps, which store a single depth at each pixel, deep shadow maps store a representation of the fractional visibility through a pixel at all possible depths. Deep shadow maps have several advantages. First, they are prefiltered, which allows faster shadow lookups and much smaller memory footprints than regular shadow maps of similar quality. Second, they support shadows from partially transparent surfaces and volumetric objects such as fog. Third, they handle important cases of motion blur at no extra cost. The algorithm is simple to implement and can be added easily to existing renderers as an alternative to ordinary shadow maps.
Genetic Diversity for RFLPs in European Maize Inbreds (1993)

Abstract Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) have been proposed for predicting the yield potential of different types of cross. Their has been evaluated in 15 flint and 12 dent inbreds from the European maize ( Zea mays L.) germplasm as well as in 68 F 1 crosses (21 flint × flint, 14 dent × dent, and 33 flint × dent) produced between them. The materials were evaluated for F 1 performance and midparent heterosis of grain yield, dry matter content (DMC) and plant height in two environments in Germany. Genetic distances (GDs) between parental lines, calculated from RFLP data of 194 clone‐enzyme combinations, showed greater means for flint × dent (0.67) than dent × dent (0.62) and flint × flint (0.55) crosses. Cluster analysis based on GDs resulted in a clear separation of flint and dent lines and agreed well with pedigree information. For the complete set of 64 crosses analyzed (excluding 4 crosses between closely related lines) correlations of GD with F 1 performance and heterosis were significant for all traits except F 1 performance of DMC. When separate calculations were performed for individual subjets of crosses, correlations of GD with Fl performance and heterosis were significantly positive (0.48 ≤ r ≤ 0.80) for all traits in the flint × flint crosses, but not significant for the subsets of flint × dent and dent × dent crosses. Our results confirm those of previous investigations in that the predictive value of RFLP data is restricted to crosses between lines from the same heterotic group, and cannot be applied to crosses between lines from genetically divergent heterotic groups.
Design and Fabrication of a THz Nanoklystron (2002)

Recently the authors proposed a novel monolithic tube approach to THz power generation: the nanoklystron. In this presentation they report design and fabrication details of 1200 GHz nanoklystron circuits and ongoing efforts to produce low voltage cold cathodes from carbon nanotube (CNT) emitters. Both silicon-based and metal nanoklystron cavities have now been completed, and measurements on the field emission properties of several CNT cathodes have been made. In addition new techniques for growing highly ordered CNT arrays on flat evaporated surfaces have been demonstrated for the first time. This paper will include analytic design details for the 1200 GHz nanoklystron circuit, fabrication process steps for realizing the monolithic cavity, CNT emission measurements and progress on a UHV cathode and nanoklystron test chamber.
On the Use of Least-Squares Restraints for Origin Fixing in Polar Space Groups (1988)

The theory of fixing the origin of the coordinate system in a polar space group by use of restraints (soft constraints or pseudo-observations) is developed for any space group in any setting. The coefficients of the optimal restraint equation are on the average proportional to the square of the atomic numbers. They are determined directly from the unrestrained singular normal-equations matrix. Application of the restraint results in a positive-definite matrix which is as nearly diagonal as possible for the atomic positional coordinates along the origin-free axes. Correlations between these coordinates are therefore minimized. A very compact completely general and easily implemented algorithm results which functions without user intervention.
Enhancing Audio-Haptic Enabled Novel Dental Training Platform Performance (2012)

Existing haptic and non-haptic dental simulators do not eliminate the problem of hand instability while using the haptic devices for training purpose. This paper reports an audio-haptic dental training platform, which uses a Hand Stability System to reduce the effect of nervousness and hand instability for trainee dental students. Maintaining the ease of implementation, application customizability and the cost factor, the proposed platform increases the training efficiency by enhancing the immersive haptic experience with hand stability. This haptic platform includes multiple angle viewing techniques, audio feedback and session recording for after action review. Trials using this preliminary platform reduced the effect of human nervousness and hand instability due to the customized design.
Representing NIH Genetic Test Registry Data in the FHIR Genomic Study Resource (2023)

The National Institute of Health (NIH) Genetic Testing Registry (GTR) provides a variety of information about genetic tests such as relevant methods, conditions, and performing laboratories. This study mapped a subset of GTR data to the newly developed HL7®-FHIR® Genomic Study resource. Using open-source tools, a web application was developed to implement data mapping and provides many GTR test records as Genomic Study resources. The developed system demonstrates the feasibility of using open-source tools and the FHIR Genomic Study resource to represent publicly available genetic testing information. This study validates the overall design of the Genomic Study resource and proposes two enhancements to support additional data elements.
3-Azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-2,4-dione–acetic acid (1/1) (2006)

3-Aza­bicyclo­[3.3.1]nonane-2,4-dione (cyclo­hexane-1,3-dicarboximide, C8H11NO2) forms a 1:1 solvate with acetic acid (C2H4O2). The crystal structure comprises hydrogen-bonded chains containing alternating cyclo­hexane-1,3-dicarboximide and acetic acid mol­ecules.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Suppression of Nonhomologous End Joining Repair by Overexpression of HMGA2 (2023)

Supplementary Figure 2 from Suppression of Nonhomologous End Joining Repair by Overexpression of HMGA2
Automatic temporal layout mechanisms (1993)

A traditional static document has a spatial layout that indicates where objects in the document appear. Because multimedia documents incorporate time, they also require a temporal layout, or schedule, that indicates when events in the document occur. This paper argues that multimedia document systems should provide mechanisms for automatically producing temporal layouts for documents. The major advantage of this approach is that it makes it easier for authors to create and modify multimedia documents.
The ESO differential image motion monitor (1990)

Le moniteur seeing ESO est presente. La theorie des mesures de mouvements d'images differentiels est reconsideree
Trading under the proof‐of‐stake protocol – A continuous‐time control approach (2023)

Abstract We develop a continuous‐time control approach to optimal trading in a Proof‐of‐Stake (PoS) blockchain, formulated as a consumption‐investment problem that aims to strike the optimal balance between a participant's (or agent's) utility from holding/trading stakes and utility from consumption. We present solutions via dynamic programming and the Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman (HJB) equations. When the utility functions are linear or convex, we derive close‐form solutions and show that the bang‐bang strategy is optimal (i.e., always buy or sell at full capacity). Furthermore, we bring out the explicit connection between the rate of return in trading/holding stakes and the participant's risk‐adjusted valuation of the stakes. In particular, we show when a participant is risk‐neutral or risk‐seeking, corresponding to the risk‐adjusted valuation being a martingale or a sub‐martingale, the optimal strategy must be to either buy all the time, sell all the time, or first buy then sell, and with both buying and selling executed at full capacity. We also propose a risk‐control version of the consumption‐investment problem; and for a special case, the “stake‐parity” problem, we show a mean‐reverting strategy is optimal.
Modelling of PV module and its application for partial shading analysis – part II: partial shading analysis and simulation approach of large‐scale PV array (2017)

Most issue for a large‐scale photovoltaic (PV) array shows an average loss of ∼20–25% in power generation yield due to partial shadow. Under partially shaded conditions, a PV array gets more complex characteristics. However, it is very difficult to understand and predict them since PV module has non‐linear characteristic and it is also utterly necessary for one to extract the maximum possible power. This study presents the partial shading analysis and simulation approach to unveil the significant basic rules for estimating performances of a large‐scale PV array. By using the macro‐model and simplified parameter estimation formulas of the PV module proposed in part I, this study has made the following contributions: (i) basic and general shading patterns of PV string and array are proposed to unveil the basic rules, such as the count of maximum power points (MPP), magnitude of the global MPP, overall shape of V – I and V – P curves, and so on. (ii) The optimising configuration‐simulation model are developed for a distributed PV system designed to optimise PV array configuration under a given shaded patterns. By using a Dell compatible personal computer to run Psim programs, it takes ∼15 minims to get the V – I and V – P curves of a partially shaded PV array with 1050 commercial PV modules. Furthermore, this study attempts to provide a simulation tool to study the behaviours of a complete PV system since the Psim‐based models conveniently interface with the models of power electronic circuit.
High-resolution genetic mapping of maize pan-genome sequence anchors (2015)

In addition to single-nucleotide polymorphisms, structural variation is abundant in many plant genomes. The structural variation across a species can be represented by a 'pan-genome', which is essential to fully understand the genetic control of phenotypes. However, the pan-genome's complexity hinders its accurate assembly via sequence alignment. Here we demonstrate an approach to facilitate pan-genome construction in maize. By performing 18 trillion association tests we map 26 million tags generated by reduced representation sequencing of 14,129 maize inbred lines. Using machine-learning models we select 4.4 million accurately mapped tags as sequence anchors, 1.1 million of which are presence/absence variations. Structural variations exhibit enriched association with phenotypic traits, indicating that it is a significant source of adaptive variation in maize. The ability to efficiently map ultrahigh-density pan-genome sequence anchors enables fine characterization of structural variation and will advance both genetic research and breeding in many crops.
Anchor-free Convolutional Network with Dense Attention Feature Aggregation for Ship Detection in SAR Images (2020)

In recent years, with the improvement of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging resolution, it is urgent to develop methods with higher accuracy and faster speed for ship detection in high-resolution SAR images. Among all kinds of methods, deep-learning-based algorithms bring promising performance due to end-to-end detection and automated feature extraction. However, several challenges still exist: (1) standard deep learning detectors based on anchors have certain unsolved problems, such as tuning of anchor-related parameters, scale-variation and high computational costs. (2) SAR data is huge but the labeled data is relatively small, which may lead to overfitting in training. (3) To improve detection speed, deep learning detectors generally detect targets based on low-resolution features, which may cause missed detections for small targets. In order to address the above problems, an anchor-free convolutional network with dense attention feature aggregation is proposed in this paper. Firstly, we use a lightweight feature extractor to extract multiscale ship features. The inverted residual blocks with depth-wise separable convolution reduce the network parameters and improve the detection speed. Secondly, a novel feature aggregation scheme called dense attention feature aggregation (DAFA) is proposed to obtain a high-resolution feature map with multiscale information. By combining the multiscale features through dense connections and iterative fusions, DAFA improves the generalization performance of the network. In addition, an attention block, namely spatial and channel squeeze and excitation (SCSE) block is embedded in the upsampling process of DAFA to enhance the salient features of the target and suppress the background clutters. Third, an anchor-free detector, which is a center-point-based ship predictor (CSP), is adopted in this paper. CSP regresses the ship centers and ship sizes simultaneously on the high-resolution feature map to implement anchor-free and nonmaximum suppression (NMS)-free ship detection. The experiments on the AirSARShip-1.0 dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of our method. The results show that the proposed method outperforms several mainstream detection algorithms in both accuracy and speed.
Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders: summary of Society for Hematopathology Workshop. (1997)

Twenty cases of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders arising in solid organ allograft recipients (18 patients) or bone marrow allograft recipients (2 patients: 1 autologous; 1 allogeneic) were selected for presentation at the Society for Hematopathology Workshop. In the course of the Workshop discussions, based both on the submitted cases and the combined experience of the participants, it was possible to agree on several distinctive categories of PTLD. These include (1) early lesions, (2) polymorphic posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLDs), (3) monomorphic PTLDs (B- and T-cell lymphomas), (4) plasmacytoma-like lesions, and (5) T-cell-rich large B-cell lymphoma/Hodgkin's disease-like lesions. Monomorphic lesions should be classified according to a recognized classification of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, although specified in the report as PTLD. Polymorphic lesions should be carefully evaluated for clonality; by immunophenotyping; and, if necessary, analysis of antigen-receptor and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genomes. Minimal pathological evaluation should include routine morphology, immunophenotyping on fresh tissue (flow cytometry or frozen section), and preservation of tissue for molecular genetic analysis. Analysis of the presence of EBV can be useful in establishing whether early or equivocal lesions represent PTLD (EBV+) or unrelated processes, but is not required in most cases. The pathologist can make an important contribution to the management of patients with PTLD by providing a complete diagnostic evaluation of the biopsy specimens (this is the least expensive part of the care of a transplant patients, not a place to try to cut costs) and making sure the attending physicians understand the special issues in management of PTLD.
Sound Radiation From a Flow-Excited Rectangular Plate With Visco-Elastic Supports (2001)

Abstract In road vehicles, one dominant “wind noise” generating mechanism is the flow-induced vibration of side-glass windows. Side-glass windows are excited by unsteady surface pressures associated with turbulent flows over the vehicle body. In this study, experiments were performed in order to investigate the sound radiated by a seal-supported, rectangular aluminum panel excited by separated/reattached flow. The primary goal of this investigation was to assess the influence of seal mechanical properties and geometries on the sound transmission loss of the side-glass window. Experimental modal analysis test was conducted to accurately measure the resonance frequencies and the modal damping ratios of the panel. Surface pressure measurements were performed using small-diameter condenser microphones. The influence of the excitation spectrum on the radiated noise level was determined. The results were compared with theoretical predictions obtained using an analytical model based on a variational formulation of the problem. The flow-excited vibration response was predicted accurately for two different turbulent flows. The vibration energy dissipation at the sealing system reduced the amplitude of the plate vibration at resonance and the radiated sound.