gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
NON-PEPTIDE AMIDES OF ALPHA AMINO ACIDS1 (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNON-PEPTIDE AMIDES OF ALPHA AMINO ACIDS1JOHN W. MARTIN Jr. and WALTER H. HARTUNGCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1954, 19, 3, 338–342Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01368a008https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01368a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views94Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A new MAP channel decoder trellis path metric for a CDMA mobile subject to channel estimation errors (2004)

A new trellis path metric is derived for the CDMA mobile MAP and logMAP turbo decoders. This metric accounts for the non-Gaussian received symbol probability distribution seen at the output of a mobile RAKE receiver when the RAKE combining weights are subject to channel estimation error. Since an exact analytical expression for this distribution is difficult to find, the metric is instead derived by finding the characteristic function of an approximation to the distribution. Simulations are then used to compare how the CDMA forward link performs when the mobile uses either the conventional logMAP trellis path metric or the new metric. The results indicate that while the conventional metric is still the best choice when channel estimation error is small, the new metric provides a significant performance improvement when channel estimation error is large.
GABA B receptor deficiency causes failure of neuronal homeostasis in hippocampal networks (2015)

Stabilization of neuronal activity by homeostatic control systems is fundamental for proper functioning of neural circuits. Failure in neuronal homeostasis has been hypothesized to underlie common pathophysiological mechanisms in a variety of brain disorders. However, the key molecules regulating homeostasis in central mammalian neural circuits remain obscure. Here, we show that selective inactivation of GABAB, but not GABA(A), receptors impairs firing rate homeostasis by disrupting synaptic homeostatic plasticity in hippocampal networks. Pharmacological GABA(B) receptor (GABA(B)R) blockade or genetic deletion of the GB(1a) receptor subunit disrupts homeostatic regulation of synaptic vesicle release. GABA(B)Rs mediate adaptive presynaptic enhancement to neuronal inactivity by two principle mechanisms: First, neuronal silencing promotes syntaxin-1 switch from a closed to an open conformation to accelerate soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) complex assembly, and second, it boosts spike-evoked presynaptic calcium flux. In both cases, neuronal inactivity removes tonic block imposed by the presynaptic, GB(1a)-containing receptors on syntaxin-1 opening and calcium entry to enhance probability of vesicle fusion. We identified the GB(1a) intracellular domain essential for the presynaptic homeostatic response by tuning intermolecular interactions among the receptor, syntaxin-1, and the Ca(V)2.2 channel. The presynaptic adaptations were accompanied by scaling of excitatory quantal amplitude via the postsynaptic, GB(1b)-containing receptors. Thus, GABA(B)Rs sense chronic perturbations in GABA levels and transduce it to homeostatic changes in synaptic strength. Our results reveal a novel role for GABA(B)R as a key regulator of population firing stability and propose that disruption of homeostatic synaptic plasticity may underlie seizure's persistence in the absence of functional GABA(B)Rs.
Functional Neuroimaging Abnormalities in Youth With Psychosis Spectrum Symptoms (2015)

The pattern of functional abnormalities observed in the PS group is similar to that previously found in schizophrenia and help-seeking risk samples. Specific circuit dysfunction during cognitive and emotion-processing tasks is present early in the development of psychopathology and herein could not be attributed to chronic illness or medication confounds. Hypoactivation in executive circuitry and limbic hyperactivation to threat could reflect partly independent risk factors for PS symptoms, with the former relating to cognitive deficits that increase the risk for developing psychotic symptoms and the latter contributing directly to positive psychotic symptoms.
A new reconstitued connective tissue matrix: Preparation, biochemical, structural and mechanical studies (1987)

A fibrinogen derivative generated by thrombin was reacted with elastin to yield a new addition product or adduct between the two proteins. Addition of fibronectin, and then of collagen, did not interfere with the basic elastin-fibrinogen reaction and conferred the qualities of an artificial connective tissue to the product. Biochemical, structural and biomechanical aspects of the new matrix were studied. Aprotinin, heparin, thiomersal, and thiourea did not inhibit the main reaction; indeed, some of these ingredients improved the matrix cohesion. Scanning electron microscopy showed the genesis of a true network whose meshes were more reticulated by the addition of thiourea. Biomechanical studies, i.e., strength and elasticity showed the thiourea matrix to be the strongest. These intrinsic properties suggest the product could have biological and clinical applications.
Fast Hadamard transforms for compressive sensing of joint systems: measurement of a 32 million-dimensional bi-photon probability distribution (2015)

We demonstrate how to efficiently implement extremely high-dimensional compressive imaging of a bi-photon probability distribution. Our method uses fast-Hadamard-transform Kronecker-based compressive sensing to acquire the joint space distribution. We list, in detail, the operations necessary to enable fast-transform-based matrix-vector operations in the joint space to reconstruct a 16.8 million-dimensional image in less than 10 minutes. Within a subspace of that image exists a 3.2 million-dimensional bi-photon probability distribution. In addition, we demonstrate how the marginal distributions can aid in the accuracy of joint space distribution reconstructions.
<title>Optimization of precision aspheric lenses for advanced small sensor heads of large numerical aperture</title> (1995)

This paper introduces an optimization method of precision aspheric lenses for advanced small sensor heads of large numerical aperture. The approach is different from the numerical method adopted in commercial software packages. Analytically optimized results of an aspheric lens of large numerical aperture are obtained from solving differential equations strictly bounded by the condition of minimum angle of divergence and without spherical aberration. It is concluded that the optimized lens of a certain type, with minimum power losses and minimum angle of divergence, uniquely depends on the refractive index of the plastic or glass material. Criteria of manufacturing aspheric lenses in different types according to the indexes are given in the paper as well. Considering the difficulty of fabricating a lens module with two aspheric surfaces, a simplified ideal form of an aspheric lens is also proposed in this paper. Obviously, the optimized results allow more tolerances especially in manufacturing integrated plastic optics with an electrooptic device. It is proved to be useful as a tool in precision optical design software packages.
High-performance p-channel thin-film transistors with lightly doped n-type excimer-laser-crystallized germanium films (2017)

High-performance polycrystalline-germanium (poly-Ge) thin-film transistors (TFTs) fabricated with lightly doped Ge thin films by excimer laser crystallization (ELC) and counter doping (CD) have been demonstrated. High-quality n-type Ge thin films with a grain size as large as 1 µm were fabricated by ELC in the super lateral-growth regime and CD at a dose of 1 × 1013 cm−2 or higher. Consequently, a superior field-effect mobility of 271 cm2 V−1 s−1 and a high on/off current ratio of 2.7 × 103 have been obtained for p-channel Ge TFTs with the channel width and length of both 0.5 µm fabricated by ELC at 300 mJ/cm2 and CD at a dose of 1 × 1013 cm−2. The effects of ELC conditions and CD dose on the electrical characteristics of p-channel Ge TFTs were also investigated.
Surgical removal of radiographically occult polyurethane foam presenting as recurrent inflammation of the hand—A case report (2008)

A 23-year-old right-handed male plumber presented with injection injury of the left index finger, which occurred during waterproofing work using polyurethane foam materials at a pressure of 55—85 lb/in.. He was admitted to a hospital with erythema, mild swelling and pain in the index finger. His symptoms subsided after treatment with intravenous antibiotics and wound dressing for 3 weeks, including 2 weeks as an in-patient. A purulent discharge developed 6 weeks after the initial trauma. The man subsequently presented our hospital with continuing pain, erythema and mild swelling of the finger. On
Synchrotron radiation studies of electronic structure and surface chemistry of GaAs, GaSb, and InP (1976)

The oxidation properties of GaAs(110), GaSb(110), and InP(110) have been studied with the photoemission technique using synchrotron radiation. One part of the work consisted of an investigation of the chemical shifts in the core levels upon adsorption of oxygen in submonolayer quantities. For GaAs and InP, oxygen removed electrons preferentially from the surface column V elements (As and P), leaving the column III elements (Ga and In) unaffected; whereas, for GaSb, both constitutents were involved in the oxidation suggesting a breaking of bonds between the surface atoms and the rest of the crystal. The second part of the study consisted of a careful investigation of the Fermi level (Ef) pinning in the GaAs(110) surface. Three different samples and many cleaves were studied. For one sample, Ef was always at the bulk position. On the other two crystals, both pinned and unpinned cases were found on various cleaves. The unpinned samples had sharp electron distribution curves (EDC’s), while the pinned samples had smeared EDC’s which became sharp for exposures as small as 10 L (1 L=10−6 Torr sec) O2. This, coupled with partial yield spectra showing little change up to 105 L O2, implied that the pinnings on the cleaved surface were due to extrinsic states and that the empty surface states were located in the conduction band. All samples showed pinning at midgap after an exposure of 104 L O2(&amp;lt;1% monolayer). Large changes in the valence band upon oxidation also indicate the possibility of surface resonances in the region 1 to 2 eV below the valence band maximum.
On the existence of Zeno behavior in hybrid systems with non-isolated Zeno equilibria (2008)

This paper presents proof-certificate based sufficient conditions for the existence of Zeno behavior in hybrid systems near non-isolated Zeno equilibria. To establish these conditions, we first prove sufficient conditions for Zeno behavior in a special class of hybrid systems termed first quadrant interval hybrid systems. The proof-certificate sufficient conditions are then obtained through a collection of functions that effectively ¿reduce¿ a general hybrid system to a first quadrant interval hybrid system. This paper concludes with an application of these ideas to Lagrangian hybrid systems, resulting in easily verifiable sufficient conditions for Zeno behavior.
ACFNet: Attentional Class Feature Network for Semantic Segmentation (2019)

Recent works have made great progress in semantic segmentation by exploiting richer context, most of which are designed from a spatial perspective. In contrast to previous works, we present the concept of class center which extracts the global context from a categorical perspective. This class-level context describes the overall representation of each class in an image. We further propose a novel module, named Attentional Class Feature (ACF) module, to calculate and adaptively combine different class centers according to each pixel. Based on the ACF module, we introduce a coarse-to-fine segmentation network, called Attentional Class Feature Network (ACFNet), which can be composed of an ACF module and any off-the-shell segmentation network (base network). In this paper, we use two types of base networks to evaluate the effectiveness of ACFNet. We achieve new state-of-the-art performance of 81.85% mIoU on Cityscapes dataset with only finely annotated data used for training.
Culture impact on the transcriptomic programs of primary and iPSC-derived human alveolar type 2 cells (2022)

Dysfunction of alveolar epithelial type 2 cells (AEC2s), the facultative progenitors of lung alveoli, is implicated in pulmonary disease pathogenesis, highlighting the importance of human in vitro models. However, AEC2-like cells in culture have yet to be directly compared to their in vivo counterparts at single-cell resolution. Here, we performed head-to-head comparisons among the transcriptomes of primary (1°) adult human AEC2s, their cultured progeny, and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived AEC2s (iAEC2s). We found each population occupied a distinct transcriptomic space with cultured AEC2s (1° and iAEC2s) exhibiting similarities to and differences from freshly purified 1° cells. Across each cell type, we found an inverse relationship between proliferative and maturation states, with preculture 1° AEC2s being most quiescent/mature and iAEC2s being most proliferative/least mature. Cultures of either type of human AEC2s did not generate detectable alveolar type 1 cells in these defined conditions; however, a subset of iAEC2s cocultured with fibroblasts acquired a transitional cell state described in mice and humans to arise during fibrosis or following injury. Hence, we provide direct comparisons of the transcriptomic programs of 1° and engineered AEC2s, 2 in vitro models that can be harnessed to study human lung health and disease.
Sustained Plateau Activity Precedes and Can Generate Ictal-Like Discharges in Low-Cl−Medium in Slices from Rat Piriform Cortex (1999)

Interictal and ictal discharges represent two different forms of abnormal brain activity associated with epilepsy. Ictal discharges closely parallel seizure activity, but depending on the form of epilepsy, interictal discharges may or may not be correlated with the frequency, severity, and location of seizures. Recent voltage-imaging studies in slices of piriform cortex indicated that interictal-like discharges are generated in a two-stage process. The first stage consists of a sustained, low-amplitude depolarization (plateau activity) lasting the entire latent period prior to discharge onset. Plateau activity takes place at a site distinct from the site of discharge onset and serves to sustain and amplify activity initiated by an electrical stimulus. In the second stage a rapidly accelerating depolarization begins at the onset site and then spreads over a wide region. Here, we asked whether ictal-like discharges can be generated in a similar two-stage process. As with interictal-like activity, the first sign of an impending ictal-like discharge is a sustained depolarization with a plateau-like time course. The rapidly accelerating depolarization that signals the start of the actual discharge develops later at a separate onset site. As found previously with interictal-like discharges, local application of kynurenic acid to the plateau site blocked ictal-like discharges throughout the entire slice. However, in marked contrast to interictal-like activity, blockade of synaptic transmission at the onset site failed to block the ictal-like discharge. This indicates that interictal- and ictal-like discharges share a common pathway in the earliest stage of their generation and that their mechanisms subsequently diverge.
Critical heat stress evaluation of clothing ensembles with different levels of porosity (2010)

A common metric of assessing the evaporative cooling potential of protective clothing is to assess the rate of diffusion of water vapour through the fabric. Another mechanism that supports evaporative cooling is convective transfer. Prototype porous coveralls were constructed to promote convective air flow with 0.0024 mm (0.06 inch) holes representing nominal openings of 0, 1, 2, 5, 10 and 20% of the garment surface area (called P00, P01, P02, P05, P10 and P20). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of these porous coverall configurations to support evaporative cooling. The assessment measures were critical wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) and apparent evaporative resistance via a progressive heat stress protocol. There was a progressive increase in critical WBGT with increases in convective permeability for P00, Saratoga Hammer, P01, work clothes and P02. There was no further increase for P05, P10 and P20. A similar pattern was found for diffusive permeability, with the exception of Saratoga Hammer, which suggested that the convective permeability could explain evaporative cooling better than diffusive permeability. STATEMENT OF RELEVANCE: Protective clothing often interferes with evaporative cooling and thus increases the level of heat stress. While increased diffusion of water vapour is associated with lower evaporative resistances, the convective movement of water vapour is a dominant mechanism and better explains the role of the clothing in heat stress.
Circumferential Cervical Surgery (2011)

P-POSSUM mortality estimate may serve as a useful and valid tool for spine surgery studies. Staged combined cervical surgery harbors a higher complication rate and may be associated with lengthier hospitalization.
Approaching direct optimization of as-built lens performance (2012)

We describe a method approaching direct optimization of the rms wavefront error of a lens including tolerances. By including the effect of tolerances in the error function, the designer can choose to improve the as-built performance with a fixed set of tolerances and/or reduce the cost of production lenses with looser tolerances. The method relies on the speed of differential tolerance analysis and has recently become practical due to the combination of continuing increases in computer hardware speed and multiple core processing We illustrate the method’s use on a Cooke triplet, a double Gauss, and two plastic mobile phone camera lenses.
Incidence patterns for primary malignant spinal cord gliomas: a Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results study (2011)

Object Primary malignant spinal glioma represents a significant clinical challenge due to the devastating effect on clinical outcomes in the majority of cases. As they are infrequently encountered in any one center, there has been limited population-based data analysis on the incidence patterns of these aggressive tumors. The objective of this study was to use publically available Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program data to examine the overall incidence and incidence patterns over time with regard to age at diagnosis, sex, race, primary site of tumor, and histological subtype in patients in whom primary malignant spinal cord gliomas were diagnosed between 1973 and 2006. Methods The study population of interest was limited to primary, malignant, pathologically confirmed spinal cord gliomas based on data drawn from the SEER 9 standard registries for patients diagnosed between 1973 and 2006. Variables of interest included age at diagnosis, sex, race, primary site of tumor, and histological subtype of tumor. The SEER*Stat 6.5.2 program was used to calculate frequencies, age-adjusted incidence rates with 95% CIs, and annual percentage change (APC) statistics with a 2-sided p value. In addition, linear correlation coefficients (R 2 ) were calculated for the time association stratified by variables of interest. Results The overall age-adjusted incidence rate for primary malignant spinal gliomas was 0.12 per 100,000, which increased significantly over the study period (APC = 1.74; p = 0.0004; R 2 = 0.36). The incidence was highest in patients diagnosed at ages 35–49 (0.17 per 100,000), males (0.14 per 100,000), whites (0.13 per 100,000), and those with ependymomas (0.07 per 100,000). Over the study period, the incidence of ependymomas increased significantly (APC = 3.17; p &lt; 0.0001; R 2 = 0.58) as did the incidence of these tumors in whites (APC = 2.13; p = 0.0001) and for both males (APC = 1.90, p value &lt; 0.0001) and females (APC = 1.60, p &lt; 0.0001). The authors found no significant changes in the incidence over time by age of diagnosis. Conclusions This study demonstrates an increasing overall incidence of primary, malignant spinal cord glioma over the past 3 decades. Notably, for ependymoma the incidence has increased, whereas the incidence of most other glioma subtypes remained stable. This may be due to improved diagnostic and surgical techniques, changes in histological classification criteria, and changes in neuropathology diagnostic criteria. Although primary, malignant spinal cord gliomas are rare, an improved understanding of the incidence will assist investigators and clinicians in planning potential studies and preparing for allocation of resources to care for these challenging patients.
Selektive katalytische Oxidation von Olefinen (1974)

Abstract Die Fortschritte bei der Entwicklung hochselektiver Katalysatorsysteme haben dazu geführt, daß die katalytische Direktoxidation von Olefinen heute ein attraktiver Weg ist, um Kunststoffvorprodukte und organische Zwischenprodukte technisch herzustellen. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über den Stand und die Tendenzen der selektiven Olefin‐Oxidation, wobei vor allem auf die Entwicklung industrieller Katalysatoren für einige technisch interessante Gasphasen‐Prozesse eingegangen wird.
Development of moulded pulp materials for the packaging of electronic equipment (1997)

A new shredded pulp–plastic microsphere composite with modified starch binder which is applicable to the packaging of electronic equipment has been developed. This composite with a 3 wt% microsphere content has almost the same compressive stress at 50% compressive strain as that of (poly)styrene foam, which has a specific gravity of 0.025. A moulded sample of the above composites can be released from a mould after 1.5 minutes of steam heating, the same cycle time as that of styrene foam. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of Protective and Contacting Layers on the Long‐Term SOFC Operation (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Methods & Experimentals Results & Discussion Conclusions Acknowledgements References