gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biological and Genetic Features of Neuroblastoma and Their Clinical Importance (2018)

Neuroblastoma derived from primitive cells of the sympathetic nervous system typically develops in the adrenal medulla or paraspinal ganglia. Neuroblastoma usually occurs sporadically, but familial cases are also observed. ALK and PHOX2B germline mutations can cause hereditary neuroblastoma, while a common genetic variation in chromosome 6p22 is associated to sporadic neuroblastoma. However, the aetiology of sporadic neuroblastoma is not exactly known. This embryonic malignancy generally represents the second most common solid tumour after central nervous system tumours throughout the world in childhood. Neuroblastoma is a complex disease that has different clinical courses, from metastatic spread to spontaneous regression. Spontaneous regression can occur without therapy in primary or metastatic site. Potential regression mechanisms primarily involve apoptosis, hypermethylation of subtelomeric DNA, immune response and Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) deprivation. Neuroblastoma is a heterogeneous tumour that can show many different chromosomal abnormalities; e.g. MYCN amplification, 1p deletion, unbalanced translocations involving chromosome 17, aneuploidies and Loss of Heterozygosity (LOH) events. Tyrosine kinase receptors TrkA, TrkB and TrkC, their ligands NGF, Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), and Aurora Kinase A (AURKA) play a regulatory role in differentiation, apoptosis, cell proliferation, tumourigenesis, angiogenesis or metastasis of neuroblastoma. TrkA expression is associated with differentiation or regression, depending on presence or absence of NGF, whereas TrkB and BDNF are mostly expressed in aggressive neuroblastomas with MYCN amplification. MYCN is amplified in 18-38% of neuroblastoma cases. MYCN amplification mechanism remains to be completely clarified. This paper reviews the biological/genetic features and their clinical importance in neuroblastoma.
GALLSTONES AND COMMON BILE DUCT CALCULI IN INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD (2000)

The present study suggests an increasing incidence of gallstones in children. Cholelithiasis in children occurs commonly in boys, is idiopathic in aetiology and presents with a vague right upper quadrant pain. Choledocholithiasis is not uncommon in children, occurs more commonly in girls aged < 5 years and presents with jaundice or abnormal liver function tests.
X-Ray Data Booklet. Center for X-Ray Optics. [Tables] (1985)

None
Effect of Radiation on Testicular Steroidogenesis in the Rat: An Endocrinologic and Histologic Analysis (1987)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Jun 1987Effect of Radiation on Testicular Steroidogenesis in the Rat: An Endocrinologic and Histologic Analysis Ernest H. Agatstein, Suresh Sikka, Fabio Rivera, Martin Koyle, and Jacob Rajfer Ernest H. AgatsteinErnest H. Agatstein More articles by this author , Suresh SikkaSuresh Sikka More articles by this author , Fabio RiveraFabio Rivera More articles by this author , Martin KoyleMartin Koyle More articles by this author , and Jacob RajferJacob Rajfer More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)76263-5AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Effect of Radiation on Testicular Steroidogenesis in the Rat: An Endocrinologic and Histologic Analysis." The Journal of Urology, 137(6), p. 382A © 1987 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 137Issue 6June 1987Page: 382A Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1987 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Ernest H. Agatstein More articles by this author Suresh Sikka More articles by this author Fabio Rivera More articles by this author Martin Koyle More articles by this author Jacob Rajfer More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Loading ...
Connectivity for autonomous ships: Architecture, use cases, and research challenges (2017)

A critical component of any unmanned and autonomous ship is the wireless communication system supporting efficient and safe operations. This paper studies connectivity challenges of autonomous ships in different environments, including ports, deep sea, and Arctic regions. Data requirements for wireless transmission regarding the environmental sensors and remote maintenance as well as remote control needs are identified in the paper. Multiple wireless systems are needed for resilient operations to fulfill capacity, latency, and secure communication needs. A hybrid connectivity concept that integrates satellite and terrestrial system components is defined and its components described. An essential part of the concept is a connectivity manager that ensures quality of service (QoS) for communications. Finally, research challenges for future are given.
The Effect of Low Frequency Pulsing Electromagnetic Fields for the Treatment of Congenital and Acquired Pseudoarthroses: the Italian Group for the Study of the Effects of LFPEFs in Orthopaedics (1984)

The Authors report the results of the First Italian Multi-center Study Group evaluation of the efficacy of Low Frequency Pulsing Electromagnetic Fields (LFPEFs) for the treatment of congenital and acquired pseudoarthroses and of delayed unions. 153 patients have been treated since 1978. the success rate has been 86 %. With the technique used, unlike the results reported by other researchers, the formation of solid periosteal bone callus during the pseudoarthrosis consolidation process was observed. the LFPEF treatment seems to be capable of triggering the repair process rather than shortening the treatment time. During the first three months of stimulation significant changes in the morphology of the X-ray picture of the pseudoarthrosis are noticeable. the clinical implications of these observations are discussed.
MyD88 Deficiency Markedly Worsens Tissue Inflammation and Bacterial Clearance in Mice Infected with Treponema pallidum, the Agent of Syphilis (2013)

Research on syphilis, a sexually transmitted infection caused by the non-cultivatable spirochete Treponema pallidum, has been hampered by the lack of an inbred animal model. We hypothesized that Toll-like receptor (TLR)-dependent responses are essential for clearance of T. pallidum and, consequently, compared infection in wild-type (WT) mice and animals lacking MyD88, the adaptor molecule required for signaling by most TLRs. MyD88-deficient mice had significantly higher pathogen burdens and more extensive inflammation than control animals. Whereas tissue infiltrates in WT mice consisted of mixed mononuclear and plasma cells, infiltrates in MyD88-deficient animals were predominantly neutrophilic. Although both WT and MyD88-deficient mice produced antibodies that promoted uptake of treponemes by WT macrophages, MyD88-deficient macrophages were deficient in opsonophagocytosis of treponemes. Our results demonstrate that TLR-mediated responses are major contributors to the resistance of mice to syphilitic disease and that MyD88 signaling and FcR-mediated opsonophagocytosis are linked to the macrophage-mediated clearance of treponemes.
Architecture for Integrated Medical Model Dynamic Probabilistic Risk Assessment (2016)

Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) is a modeling tool used to predict potential outcomes of a complex system based on a statistical understanding of many initiating events. Utilizing a Monte Carlo method, thousands of instances of the model are considered and outcomes are collected. PRA is considered static, utilizing probabilities alone to calculate outcomes. Dynamic Probabilistic Risk Assessment (dPRA) is an advanced concept where modeling predicts the outcomes of a complex system based not only on the probabilities of many initiating events, but also on a progression of dependencies brought about by progressing down a time line. Events are placed in a single time line, adding each event to a queue, as managed by a planner. Progression down the time line is guided by rules, as managed by a scheduler. The recently developed Integrated Medical Model (IMM) summarizes astronaut health as governed by the probabilities of medical events and mitigation strategies. Managing the software architecture process provides a systematic means of creating, documenting, and communicating a software design early in the development process. The software architecture process begins with establishing requirements and the design is then derived from the requirements.
Dispositivos conectados a serviço web em nuvem: complementariedade entre infraestrutura e seletividade para proteção contra DDoS (2018)

Os ataques de negacao de servico (DoS), ou sua forma distribuida (DDoS), estao entre os que mais impactam nos negocios, afetando a disponibilidade do servico. Ataques de negacao de servico na camada de aplicacao exploram caracteristicas existentes nos protocolos desta camada e um grande desafio na mitigacao deste tipo de ataque e o fato que as requisicoes de atacantes tem igual validade a de clientes legitimos. Este trabalho propoe utilizar, de forma automatica, a instanciacao de mais servidores para suportar ataques com alta demanda, e a ferramenta SeVen para mitigar ataques com baixa taxa. Experimentos realizados no ambiente de nuvem OpenStack mostram que a infraestrutura pode ser utilizada como forma de defesa contra esses tipos de ataques.
Heat Transfer Considerations in Design of a Batch Tube Reactor for Biomass Hydrolysis (2001)

Biologic conversion of inexpensive and abundant sources of cellulosic biomass offers a low-cost route to production of fuels and commodity chemicals that can provide unparalleled environmental, economic, and strategic benefits. However, low-cost, high-yield technologies are needed to recover sugars from the hemicellulose fraction of biomass and to prepare the remaining cellulose fraction for subsequent hydrolysis. Uncatalyzed hemicellulose hydrolysis in flow-through systems offers a number of important advantages for removal of hemicellulose sugars, and it is believed that oligomers could play an important role in explaining why the performance of flow-through systems differs from uncatalyzed steam explosion approaches. Thus, an effort is under way to study oligomer formation kinetics, and a small batch reactor is being applied to capture these important intermediates in a closed system that facilitates material balance closure for varying reaction conditions. In this article, heat transfer for batch tubes is analyzed to derive temperature profiles for different tube diameters and assess the impact on xylan conversion. It was found that the tube diameter must be <0.5 in. for xylan hydrolysis to follow the kinetics expected for a uniform temperature system at typical operating conditions.
Exploring the kinetic selectivity of antipsychotics for dopamine D 2 and 5-HT 2A receptors: implications for the prevalence of EPS and receptor occupancy (2021)

Abstract Certain atypical antipsychotic drugs (APDs) used in the treatment of schizophrenia have been hypothesized to show reduced extrapyramidal side effects (EPS), due to their ability to promote nigrostriatal dopamine release through 5-HT 2A receptor (5-HT 2A R) blockade. The strength of this hypothesis is currently limited to a consideration of the relative receptor affinities of APDs for the 5-HT 2A R and dopamine D 2 receptor (D 2 R). Here we measure the 5-HT 2A R kinetic binding properties of a series of typical and atypical APDs in a novel time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer assay and correlate these properties with their observed EPS at therapeutic doses. For compounds with negligible affinity for 5-HT 2A R, EPS is robustly predicted by a D 2 R specific rebinding model that integrates D 2 R association and dissociation rates to calculate the net rate of reversal of receptor blockade ( k r ). However, we show that for compounds with significant affinity for the 5-HT 2A R, such as sertindole, higher relative 5-HT 2A occupancy over time is an indicator for a reduced propensity to cause EPS. This study suggests that there is room for the development of novel kinetically optimised antipsychotic agents that modulate both serotonergic and dopamine function in a manner beneficial in the treatment of this chronic and debilitating disease.
Induction of interleukin (IL)-6 by hypoxia is mediated by nuclear factor (NF)-κB and NF-IL6 in cardiac myocytes (1999)

Although hypoxic stimulation induced NF-kappa B and NF-IL6 in cardiac myocytes, NF-kappa B may be the primary positive regulator of transcriptional activation of the IL-6 gene in the context of hypoxia.
Fe65L2: a new member of the Fe65 protein family interacting with the intracellular domain of the Alzheimer's β-amyloid precursor protein (1998)

We previously demonstrated that Fe65 protein is one of the ligands of the cytoplasmic domain of beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP). Another ligand of this molecule was recently identified; it is similar to Fe65, so it was named Fe65-like (Fe65L1). Herein we describe the cloning of another Fe65-like cDNA (Fe65L2), similar to Fe65 and to Fe65L1, which encodes a protein of approx. 50 kDa. Its cognate mRNA is expressed in various rat tissues, particularly in brain and testis. The three members of the Fe65 protein family share several structural and functional characteristics. The primary structures of the three proteins can be aligned in three regions corresponding to the protein-protein interaction domains of Fe65 [the protein-protein interaction domain containing two conserved tryptophan residues and the two phosphotyrosine interaction domain/phosphotyrosine binding (PID/PTB) domains], whereas the remaining sequences are poorly related. Like Fe65, Fe65L1 and Fe65L2 genes encode two different protein isoforms, derived from the alternative splicing of a very small exon of only six nucleotides, which results, within the N-terminal PID/PTB domain, in the presence or absence of two acidic/basic amino acids. Fe65L2 is able to interact, both in vitro and in vivo, with the intracellular domain of APP. Also, in the case of APP, another two closely related proteins exist, named beta-amyloid precursor-like protein (APLP)1 and APLP2: by using the interaction trap procedure we observed that both Fe65 and Fe65L2 interact with APP, APLP1 or APLP2, although with different efficiencies.
Diastereomeric separations and crystal structures of rhodium(iii) and iridium(iii) complexes containing adenosine and related nucleosidesElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: 1H NMR and CD spectra. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/dt/b2/b209148h/ (2002)

Six C3 cyclic trinuclear complexes [{M(Cp*)(L)}3]3+ (M = RhIII and IrIII; Cp* = η5–C5Me5) containing adenosine nucleosides [L: adenosine (Hado), 2′-deoxyadenosine (Hdeoado) and 5′-acetyl-2′,3′-isopropylideneadenosine (Haipado)] were prepared and characterized by UV/Vis and circular dichroism (CD) spectra, NMR spectroscopy, electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy and X-ray crystal structure analysis. The isolations of one and/or two diastereomers were successfully carried out for the four systems by second-order asymmetric transformation and/or fractional crystallization. Interestingly, a striking kinetic difference was found between the present RhIII– and IrIII–ado systems. The crystal structure of CCC-[{Rh(Cp*)(ado)}3](CF3SO3)3·2.5H2O·CH3OH revealed that the ado ligand adopts a μ-1κN1:2κ2N6,N7 bridging mode and the three purine rings forming a triangle dome-like cavity can include one methanol molecule into its cavity. The absolute configurations were assigned to these complexes based on the crystal structural result and CD spectral arguments. The RhIII–N-methyl adenosine (HNMeado) system exceptionally gave a di-μ-hydroxy anti-dinuclear structure because of the weak coordination ability of the N(6) donor.
Low-magnitude vertical vibration enhances myotube formation in C2C12 myoblasts (2010)

Whole body vibration training is widely used in rehabilitation and sports activities to improve muscle strength, balance, and flexibility. However, the molecular mechanisms of vertical vibration (VV) training and their effect on the myogenesis of myoblasts remain undefined. This study was undertaken to address the hypothesis that VV can enhance the expression of ECM proteins and myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs) in myoblasts and, in turn, increase myotube formation. Using real-time PCR, Western blot analysis, and immunofluorescence studies, we examined the effect of VV treatment with frequencies of 5, 8, or 10 Hz on the expression of ECM proteins and MRFs as well as myotube formation in C2C12 myoblasts. We showed that VV stimulation is safe and effective at stimulating myogenesis in C2C12 myoblasts. The levels of expression of the ECM proteins type I collagen and decorin were the highest after VV treatment at frequencies of 8 and 10 Hz. Expression of the MRFs MyoD and myogenin increased after VV stimulation in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The total number of myotubes formed, as well as the length and the average area of myotubes, were substantially increased following VV treatment at frequencies of 8 to 10 Hz. In conclusion, VV treatment at frequencies of 8 to 10 Hz can stimulate the expression of ECM proteins and MRFs in myoblasts and, in turn, increase myotube formation.
A versatile controller for thermoluminescence read-out systems (1969)

Several authors have previously described temperature controllers suitable for use with thermoluminescent dosimetry (T.L.D.) systems. Usually the essential function of these units has been to provide a reproducible and reasonably linear rate of heating of the thermoluminescent (T.L.) material. For the investigation of the basic mechanisms of thermoluminescence a more versatile control unit is necessary. The controller described here provides a reproducible and accurate heating rate and also facilitates the measurement of the usual parameters relevant to T.L. studies.
Manufacturing-aware design methodology for assist feature correctness (2005)

Sub-resolution assist features (SRAFs) provide an absolutely essential technique for critical dimension (CD) control and process window enhancement in subwavelength lithography. As focus levels change during manufacturing, CDs at a given "legal" pitch can fail to achieve manufacturing tolerances required for adequate yield. Furthermore, adoption of off-axis illumination (OAI) and SRAF techniques to enhance resolution at minimum pitch worsens printability of patterns at other pitches. Our previous work [Gupta et al.] described a novel dynamic programming-based technique for Assist-Feature Correctness (AFCorr) to account for interactions within a cell row. We now extend the AFCorr methodology to handle vertical interactions of field polys between adjacent cell rows in the detailed placement of standard-cell designs. Pattern bridge between field poly geometries becomes a major reason for yield degradation even though CD variation of gates determines circuit performance. In this paper, AFCorr is validated in all possible horizontal (H-) and vertical (V-) interactions of polysilicon geometries in the layout. For benchmark designs, forbidden pitch count between polysilicon shapes of neighboring cells is reduced by 89%-100% in 130nm and 93%-100% in 90nm. Edge placement error (EPE) count is also reduced by 80%-98% in 130nm and 83%-100% in 90nm. AFCorr facilitates additional SRAF insertion by up to 7.4% for 130nm and 7.9% for 90nm. In addition, AFCorr provides substantial improvement in CD control with negligible timing, area, or CPU overhead. The advantages of AFCorr are expected to increase in future technology nodes.
Electromagnetic Analysis of Flux Barrier U-Shaped Permanent Magnet Vernier Motor (2021)

Permanent magnet Vernier machines are well suited for direct-drive industrial applications such as ship propulsion drives, because of their ability to generate high torque at low speeds. In this paper, a flux-barrier tapered-U-shaped permanent magnet Vernier (FBU-PMV) machine topology is proposed. This topology is compared with the spoke-array permanent magnet Vernier (SA-PMV) and the flux-barrier spoke-array permanent magnet (FBSA-PMV) machine topologies. The comparison is done in terms of back-EMF, PM flux, air-gap flux density, synchronous inductance, torque, and power factor, by employing finite element (FE) analysis for the same machine dimensions. It is shown that the proposed FBU-PMV machine topology competes reasonably well with the existing ones even with 25% less PM usage. In addition, the mechanical construction of this new topology also possesses certain advantages.
Magnetic resonance imaging of knee cartilage using a water selective balanced steady‐state free precession sequence (2004)

A WS-bSSFP sequence is superior to conventional MR imaging sequences in imaging cartilage of the knee in patients with osteoarthritis.
A Tiny Solution to a Big Problem (2004)

Thiol-SAMMS is an award-winning technology with broad applications in the remediation, water treatment, catalyst, sensor and controlled release markets. This discovery is part of a new class of hybrid nonporous materials developed at PNNL, consisting of monolayers of functional molecules with a high affinity and specificity for mercury.
Fiber-Optic Coupled Lidar Receiver System to Measure Stratospheric Ozone (2024)

A fiber-optic coupled lidar receiver system was constructed to determine ozone concentrations in the stratosphere. The system was used to make ground-based measurements of lidar returns from a UV DIAL system. A fiber-optic cable was used to couple the light from the receiver telescope to the light detector. Photon counting was implemented as the light detection technique. This technique allowed detection of 301 and 311 nm lidar returns up to 27.5 and 32.5 km respectively. A software application was developed to control the photon counting system and perform real-time data analysis of measured lidar returns. DIAL measurements of stratospheric ozone were obtained from the system up to 24 km.
Theoretical study of the Diels–Alder reaction between the S-methylthiophenium ion and ethene (1996)

The capability and activation of thiophene as a diene for the Diels–Alder reactions has been investigated by ab initio methods. The reactants and transition structures are optimized with RHF/3-21 + G*, RHF/6-31 + G* and MP2/6-31 + G*. Energies are evaluated with the same level of theory and by single point calculations employing MP2/6-31 + G*//RHF/6-31 + G* and MP3/6-31 + G*// MP2/6-31 + G* methods. The ab initio calculated geometries are compared with experimental data, where available. The relative reactivity of buta-1,3-diene, thiophene and the S-methylthiophenium ion were estimated by comparing their FMO energy gap with ethene as the dienophile. The predicted activation energies are in full agreement with the qualitative determination of reactivity and suggest that thiophene is not a suitable diene for the Diels–Alder reaction. For the S-methylthiophenium ion, the predicted activation energy may be reached under normal reaction conditions. Thus S-methylthiophenium should be a suitable diene for the Diels–Alder reactions.
Alfred Josef Thelen--on the occasion of his seventy-fifth birthday (2006)

Alfred Thelen has made many very important contributions to the field of optical thin films. To honor him on the occasion of his 75th birthday, I prepared a bibliography of his many contributions for the ninth Topical Meeting on Optical Interference Coatings. Here an updated list of Alfred Thelen's books, chapters, papers, conference reports, and patents is presented.