gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors: Design of Membrane‐Impermeant Copper(II) Complexes of DTPA‐, DOTA‐, and TETA‐Tailed Sulfonamides Targeting the Tumor‐Associated Transmembrane Isoform IX (2008)

The synthesis and carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) inhibitory activity of two series of aromatic sulfonamides and their Cu(II) derivatives, incorporating metal-complexing moieties of the DTPA, DOTA, and TETA type are reported. The new compounds were designed in such a way as to possess high affinity for Cu(II) ions, exploiting four pendant carboxylate moieties in the DTPA derivatives, as well as the cyclen/cyclam macrocyles, and three pendant acetate moieties in the DOTA and TETA derivatives. The new derivatives showed modest inhibition of the cytosolic isoform CA I (K(I) values in the range of 66-2130 nM), were better CA II inhibitors (K(I) values in the range of 21-360 nM), and excellent inhibitors of the tumor-associated isoform CA IX (K(I) values in the range of 4.1-110 nM), with selectivity ratios for the inhibition of the tumor (CA IX) over the cytosolic (CA II) isozyme in the range of 10.74-20.88 for the best derivatives. Copper complexes were more inhibitory than the corresponding ligand sulfonamides, and showed membrane impermeability, thus, having the possibility to specifically target the transmembrane CA IX that has an extracellular active site. Incorporation of radioactive copper isotopes in this type of CA inhibitor may lead to interesting diagnostic/therapeutic applications for such compounds.
Application of Mass Spectrometry for Metabolite Identification (2006)

Metabolism studies play a pivotal role in drug discovery and development. Characterization of metabolic "hot-spots" as well as reactive and pharmacologically active metabolites is critical to designing new drug candidates with improved metabolic stability, toxicological profile and efficacy. Metabolite identification in the preclinical species used for safety evaluation is required in order to determine whether human metabolites have been adequately tested during non-clinical safety assessment. From an instrumental standpoint, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) dominates all analytical tools used for metabolite identification. The general strategies employed for metabolite identification in both drug discovery and drug development settings together with sample preparation techniques are reviewed herein. These include a discussion of the various ionization methods, mass analyzers, and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) techniques that are used for structural characterization in a modern drug metabolism laboratory. Mass spectrometry-based techniques, such as stable isotope labeling, on-line H/D exchange, accurate mass measurement to enhance metabolite identification and recent improvements in data acquisition and processing for accelerating metabolite identification are also described. Rounding out this review, we offer additional thoughts about the potential of alternative and less frequently used techniques such as LC-NMR/MS, CRIMS and ICPMS.
SYMMETRIC TENSORS AND SYMMETRIC TENSOR RANK (2006)

A symmetric tensor is a higher order generalization of a symmetric matrix. In this paper, we study various properties of symmetric tensors in relation to a decomposition into a symmetric sum of outer product of vectors. A rank-1 order-k tensor is the outer product of k non-zero vectors. Any symmetric tensor can be decomposed into a linear combination of rank-1 tensors, each of them being symmetric or not. The rank of a symmetric tensor is the minimal number of rank-1 tensors that is necessary to reconstruct it. The symmetric rank is obtained when the constituting rank-1 tensors are imposed to be themselves symmetric. It is shown that rank and symmetric rank are equal in a number of cases, and that they always exist in an algebraically closed field. We will discuss the notion of the generic symmetric rank, which, due to the work of Alexander and Hirschowitz, is now known for any values of dimension and order. We will also show that the set of symmetric tensors of symmetric rank at most r is not closed, unless r = 1.
Clavariopsins C–I, Antifungal Cyclic Depsipeptides from the Aquatic Hyphomycete Clavariopsis aquatica (2019)

Seven new cyclic depsipeptides, clavariopsins C-I (<b>3</b>-<b>9</b>), together with two known congeners, clavariopsins A and B (<b>1</b> and <b>2</b>), were isolated from the aquatic hyphomycete <i>Clavariopsis aquatica</i>. Their planar structures, which consist of nine amino acids and one α-hydroxy acid, were elucidated by NMR spectroscopy and HRESIMS. The absolute configurations were established by the advanced Marfey's method and chiral-phase HPLC analysis. Their antifungal and cytotoxic activities were evaluated against six plant pathogenic fungi (<i>Botrytis cinerea</i>, <i>Magnaporthe oryzae</i>, <i>Colletotrichum orbiculare</i>, <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i>, <i>Alternaria alternata</i>, and <i>Aspergillus niger</i>) and a cancer cell line (HeLa-S3), respectively. The majority of the compounds exhibited potent antifungal activity against the fungi tested (minimum inhibition dose = 0.01-10 μg/disk) and induced hyphal swelling in <i>A. niger</i> (minimum effective dose = 0.3-3 μg/disk), whereas the compounds exhibited no cytotoxicity toward the cancer cell line. The results suggest that the clavariopsins could be a promising class of antifungal agents.
Sensor Data Qualification Technique Applied to Gas Turbine Engines (2013)

This paper applies a previously developed sensor data qualification technique to a commercial aircraft engine simulation known as the Commercial Modular Aero-Propulsion System Simulation 40,000 (C-MAPSS40k). The sensor data qualification technique is designed to detect, isolate, and accommodate faulty sensor measurements. It features sensor networks, which group various sensors together and relies on an empirically derived analytical model to relate the sensor measurements. Relationships between all member sensors of the network are analyzed to detect and isolate any faulty sensor within the network.
The Cone Electroretinogram in Retinopathy of Prematurity (2008)

ROP has less effect on the cone than on the rod photoresponses, suggesting that cones are more resistant to the ROP disease process. The similar shape of the b-wave stimulus-response function in preterms and control subjects is evidence that ROP does not alter the balance of ON and OFF signals in the cone pathway.
Experimental investigation of temperature and volume fraction variations on the effective thermal conductivity of nanoparticle suspensions (nanofluids) (2006)

An experimental investigation was conducted to examine the effects of variations in the temperature and volume fraction on the steady-state effective thermal conductivity of two different nanoparticle suspensions. Copper and aluminum oxide, CuO and Al2O3, nanoparticles with area weighted diameters of 29 and 36nm, respectively, were blended with distilled water at 2%, 4%, 6%, and 10% volume fractions and the resulting suspensions were evaluated at temperatures ranging from 27.5to34.7°C. The results indicate that the nanoparticle material, diameter, volume fraction, and bulk temperature, all have a significant impact on the effective thermal conductivity of these suspensions. The 6% volume fraction of CuO nanoparticle/distilled water suspension resulted in an increase in the effective thermal conductivity of 1.52 times that of pure distilled water and the 10% Al2O3 nanoparticle/distilled water suspension increased the effective thermal conductivity by a factor of 1.3, at a temperature of 34°C. A two-factor linear regression analysis based on the temperature and volume fraction was applied and indicated that the experimental results are in stark contrast to the trends predicted by the traditional theoretical models with respect to both temperature and volume fraction. The available models are reviewed and the possible reasons for the unusually high effective thermal conductivity of nanofluids are analyzed and discussed.
Konigturn und Konigsherrschaft im 10. und 11. Jahrhundert (1994)

Königturn und Königsherrschaft im 10. und 11. Jahrhundert Get access Robert Bartlett Robert Bartlett Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar German History, Volume 12, Issue 3, July 1994, Pages 408–409, https://doi.org/10.1093/gh/12.3.408 Published: 01 July 1994
An Approximate L^p Difference Algorithm for Massive Data Streams (2001)

Several recent papers have shown how to approximate the difference ∑ _i|a_i-b_i| or ∑ |a_i-b_i|^2 between two functions, when the function values a_i and b_i are given in a data stream, and their order is chosen by an adversary. These algorithms use little space (much less than would be needed to store the entire stream) and little time to process each item in the stream. They approximate with small relative error. Using different techniques, we show how to approximate the L^p-difference ∑ _i|a_i-b_i|^p for any rational-valued p∈(0,2], with comparable efficiency and error. We also show how to approximate ∑ _i|a_i-b_i|^p for larger values of p but with a worse error guarantee. Our results fill in gaps left by recent work, by providing an algorithm that is precisely tunable for the application at hand. These results can be used to assess the difference between two chronologically or physically separated massive data sets, making one quick pass over each data set, without buffering the data or requiring the data source to pause. For example, one can use our techniques to judge whether the traffic on two remote network routers are similar without requiring either router to transmit a copy of its traffic. A web search engine could use such algorithms to construct a library of small ''sketches,'' one for each distinct page on the web; one can approximate the extent to which new web pages duplicate old ones by comparing the sketches of the web pages. Such techniques will become increasingly important as the enormous scale, distributional nature, and one-pass processing requirements of data sets become more commonplace.
DISCOVERY AND VALIDATION OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD DIAGNOSTIC BIOMARKERS FOR ACUTE KIDNEY REJECTION: REPORT OF THE TGCG STUDY. (2010)

Kurian, S.; Williams, A.; Campbell, D.; Mondala, T.; Head, S.; Horvath, S.; Gaber, L.; Lin, W.; Robison, E.; Schaffer, R.; Fisher, J.; Flechner, S. M.; Chan, L.; Wiseman, A.; Shidban, H.; Mendez, R.; Heilman, R.; Marsh, C.; Salomon, D. Author Information
OP21.07: Cardiovascular changes in intrauterine growth restricted fetuses (2014)

To compare the aortic intima-media thickness (aIMT) of the posterior wall of the abdominal aorta between IUGR and AGA. Evaluate cardiac function in the groups of fetuses. Assess the presence of a possible correlation between aIMT and fetal cardiac function in IUGR group. A case-control study in which 56 patients were enrolled, including 8 twins: 64 fetuses divided in 36 AGA and 28 IUGR. IUGR fetuses were those with an EFW <10th centile ans abnormal Doppler Velocimetry. fetal aIMT and aortic diameter were measured at a median gestational age of 30 weeks (range 28-32) and a complete echocardiographic functional examination has been performed. The aIMT, aortic PI and ductus venosus PI of IUGR were higher than in AGA (p < 0.05). The S-wave lateral and Sino-tubula aortic diameter were lower in IUGR fetuses compared to AGA controls (p < 0.05). The aIMT in IUGR correlates positively with the left end-diastolic volume and the thickness of the flaps mitral, and negatively with the Global Longitudinal Peak Systolic Strain, the Deceleration Time, the wave A. The AIMT is increased in IUGR fetuses than in AGA. There were not statistically significant differences between cardiac parameters. This might be a correlation between vascular structures exposed to an increased stress pressure.
Disclosure of the mycobacterial outer membrane: Cryo-electron tomography and vitreous sections reveal the lipid bilayer structure (2008)

The cell walls of mycobacteria form an exceptional permeability barrier, and they are essential for virulence. They contain extractable lipids and long-chain mycolic acids that are covalently linked to peptidoglycan via an arabinogalactan network. The lipids were thought to form an asymmetrical bilayer of considerable thickness, but this could never be proven directly by microscopy or other means. Cryo-electron tomography of unperturbed or detergent-treated cells of Mycobacterium smegmatis embedded in vitreous ice now reveals the native organization of the cell envelope and its delineation into several distinct layers. The 3D data and the investigation of ultrathin frozen-hydrated cryosections of M. smegmatis, Myobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin, and Corynebacterium glutamicum identified the outermost layer as a morphologically symmetrical lipid bilayer. The structure of the mycobacterial outer membrane necessitates considerable revision of the current view of its architecture. Conceivable models are proposed and discussed. These results are crucial for the investigation and understanding of transport processes across the mycobacterial cell wall, and they are of particular medical relevance in the case of pathogenic mycobacteria.
Design of split superantigen fusion proteins for cancer immunotherapy (2019)

Several antibody-targeting cancer immunotherapies have been developed based on T cell activation at the target cells. One of the most potent activators of T cells are bacterial superantigens, which bind to major histocompatibility complex class II on antigen-presenting cells and activate T cells through T cell receptor. Strong T cell activation is also one of the main weaknesses of this strategy as it may lead to systemic T cell activation. To overcome the limitation of conventional antibody-superantigen fusion proteins, we have split a superantigen into two fragments, individually inactive, until both fragments came into close proximity and reassembled into a biologically active form capable of activating T cell response. A screening method based on fusion between SEA and coiled-coil heterodimers was developed that enabled detection of functional split SEA designs. The split SEA design that demonstrated efficacy in fusion with coiled-coil dimer forming polypeptides was fused to a single chain antibody specific for tumor antigen CD20. This design selectively activated T cells by split SEA-scFv fusion binding to target cells.
Cancer-Specific Loss of p53 Leads to a Modulation of Myeloid and T Cell Responses (2020)

Loss of p53 function contributes to the development of many cancers. While cell-autonomous consequences of p53 mutation have been studied extensively, the role of p53 in regulating the anti-tumor immune response is still poorly understood. Here, we show that loss of p53 in cancer cells modulates the tumor-immune landscape to circumvent immune destruction. Deletion of p53 promotes the recruitment and instruction of suppressive myeloid CD11b<sup>+</sup> cells, in part through increased expression of CXCR3/CCR2-associated chemokines and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), and attenuates the CD4<sup>+</sup> T helper 1 (Th1) and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell responses in vivo. p53-null tumors also show an accumulation of suppressive regulatory T (Treg) cells. Finally, we show that two key drivers of tumorigenesis, activation of KRAS and deletion of p53, cooperate to promote immune tolerance.
Standardization of tomato juice tastes using a taste sensor approach (2020)

To enable the taste evaluation of many food samples at a time as well as the comparison of taste evaluation data acquired at different times, a standardization method for taste intensities was developed by a combination of a taste sensor system and a standard solution prepared with taste substances. In the case of tomato juices, citric acid, sucrose, and monosodium glutamate were used as standard taste substances for sourness, sweetness, and umami taste, respectively. Each standard point of the taste intensities was determined using only one standard solution including these standard substances. The taste intensity was described as a value on a scale based on discrimination thresholds of human gustation, where intensities of sourness, sweetness, and umami taste of the tomato juices were classified into multiple levels. Organoleptic evaluation supported these results. Validation for the present standardization method revealed that this approach has enough precision for practical tomato taste evaluation.
Design considerations and performance metrics of a high-sensitivity multi-band terahertz linear camera (2014)

This paper reports on the design and performance of a terahertz (THz) linear camera with 50 pW/√Hz noise-equivalent power (NEP). This camera is sensitive to four bands of vertically and horizontally polarized THz radiation (0.22, 0.32, 0.42, and 0.52 THz). The heart of the camera is a diode-based focal plane array (FPA) that has a 10 nV thermal noise level and 1-2 kV/W sensitivity across the four bands. The amplifier chain is capable of amplifying with a gain of up to 20,000, which gives the system the ability to detect signals of approximately 30-50 nV. A 12 bit analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and real-time digital signal processing provides signal recovery and processing at an application level with fast (20 kHz) frame rates.
Approximate closed form solution to the generalized interface wave speed equation (1982)

An approximate closed form solution for the speed of generalized surface acoustic waves which are bound to a thin layer separating two infinite half-spaces is presented. The exact form of the characteristic equation is first derived by considering the usual requirements of particle displacement and stress continuity at both layer-substrate boundaries [J. P. Jones and J. S. Whittier, J. Appl. Mech. 905 (Dec. 1967)]. It is then noted that in many cases the interface wave speed is less than half the lower longitudinal wave speed and as much as 5% less than the lower shear wave speed. After expressing terms involving ratios of these speeds in the exact equation as series expansions, this has been used to neglect appropriate small terms and to simplify the resulting equation. Additional simplification yields approximate closed form expressions for all 12 complex roots. Variations in these solutions as a function of the viscoelastic properties of the boundary layer are compared with theoretical [V. Kumar and G. S. Murty, IEEE Trans. Sonics Ultrason. SU-29, 138 (1982)] and experimental results [R. O. Claus, J. Phys. (Paris) 42, CS-1159 (1981)]. [Work supported in part by NSF and NASA.]
Impacts of Environmental Agreements on Bilateral Trade of Climate Industry (2021)

We investigated the effect of agreements related to climate change on bilateral trade, using the Poisson pseudo-maximum likelihood (PPML) estimator on a large dataset that requires computing high-dimensional fixed effects. This study develops the concordance between commodities based on harmonized systems (HS) and technologies defined by both international and cooperative patent classifications (IPC/CPC). Using the OECD ENV-TECH classification, covering 169 exporting countries and 179 importing countries worldwide from 1991 to 2019, we determined the relationship between HS commodities and IPC/CPC climate change technologies. The main findings show that, first, the Kyoto Protocol has increased international bilateral trade in the climate change industry, while the Montreal Protocol has led to the opposite effect. In addition, the impact of environmental stringency on international bilateral trade in climate-related industries was negative and significant, refuting the Porter Hypothesis. This result was consistent within the trade between the convention countries. Therefore, national and industrial perspectives are relative, and voluntary climate mitigation methods should be applied, considering the areas where carbon reduction is relatively difficult. In other words, the conventions and policies must shift to a global paradigm in environmental protection and a more inclusive approach, with recognition of diversity in governance types.
An application of active frequency selective surface to reconfigurable antenna technology (2016)

This paper illustrates the use of active frequency selective surfaces (FSS) in reconfigurable antennas. A patch-form dual-polarized tunable FSS is adapted for use as an active artifi-cial magnetic conductor (AMC). As with the tunable FSS, the ac-tive AMC offers independent tuning capability of the reflection phases for two polarisations of incident EM waves. By combining the AMC with a wideband coplanar waveguide fed monopole an-tenna, circularly polarisation (CP) capability is realized at any fre-quency over the 1.15-1.60GHz band. Furthermore, the CP state can be switched between left hand CP and right hand CP, by simply interchanging the capacitances of varactors controlling the reflection phases of the two orthogonal polarised waves. The an-tenna covers the frequency bands of all operational and in-prepa-ration satellite navigation systems, including GPS, GLONASS, Beidou and Galileo. polarization reconfigurable circular polar-ized (CP) antenna using active artificial ground (AG) structure
Automatic ear recognition by force field transformations (2000)

The objective in defining feature space is to reduce the dimension of pattern space yet maintaining discriminatory power for classification, together with invariant description. To meet this objective in the context of ear biometrics a novel force field transformation has been developed in which the image is treated as an array of Gaussian attractors that act as the source of a force field. The directional properties of the force field are exploited to automatically locate a small number of potential energy wells and channels that form the basis of the ear description. This has been applied to a small database of ears and initial results show that the new approach can be used for automatic ear recognition.
Dissection of human papillomavirus E6 and E7 function in transgenic mouse models of cervical carcinogenesis. (2003)

Human cervix cancer is caused by high-risk human papillomaviruses encoding E6 and E7 oncoproteins, each of which alter function of distinct targets regulating the cell cycle, apoptosis, and differentiation. Here we determined the molecular contribution of E6 or E7 to neoplastic progression and malignant growth in a transgenic mouse model of cervical carcinogenesis. E7 increased proliferation and centrosome copy number, and produced progression to multifocal microinvasive cervical cancers. E6 elevated centrosome copy number and eliminated detectable p53 protein, but did not produce neoplasia or cancer. E6 plus E7 additionally elevated centrosome copy number and created large, extensively invasive cancers. Centrosome copy number increases and p53 loss likely contributed to malignant growth; however, dysregulated proliferation and differentiation were required for carcinogenic progression.
Supplementary Tables S1 - S7 from Integrin-α10 Dependency Identifies RAC and RICTOR as Therapeutic Targets in High-Grade Myxofibrosarcoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table S1, patient characteristics. Supplementary Table S2, genes in the signature distinguishing Cluster 1 and Cluster 2. Supplementary Table S3, genes associated with disease-specific survival. Supplementary Table S4, pathway modules identified by NetBox. Supplementary Table S5, functional annotation enrichment analysis. Supplementary Table S6, antibodies used. Supplementary Table S7, samples analyzed for ITGA10 mRNA in the comparison of primary and metastatic tissue.&lt;/p&gt;