gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular markers for determining Gefitinib sensitivity (2006)

1272 Gefitinib sensitivity has been associated with EGFR mutational status, yet not all tumors containing mutations are sensitive to gefitinib and some tumors lacking mutations are sensitive to gefitinib. We screened a panel of NSCLC cell lines for gefitinib sensitivity, EGFR mutational status, HER family proteins levels and ligand expression levels. Additionally, affymetrix microarray analysis was performed on these cell lines. We identified 8 EGFR mutant cell lines, 5 of which were sensitive to gefitinib. Gefitinib sensitive cell lines all express EGFR and several vastly overexpress it. The levels of HER2 and HER3 vary, while HER4 expression is very low. One cell line, HCC2935, expresses EGFR, HER2 & 3 and numerous EGFR ligands, but not Heregulin. While addition of Heregulin to HCC2935 does not effect growth, it does induce gefitinib resistance. Analysis of ligand expression shows that gefitinib sensitive lines tend to overexpress EGFR ligands, particularly Amphiregulin and Epiregulin and have relatively low levels of the HER3 ligand Heregulin. Conversely, expression of HER3 and Heregulin at levels similar to or greater than EGFR is associated with gefitinib resistance. Tumor response to gefitinib predictions can be improved by knowledge of the relative levels of EGFR to HER3 on the receptor side as well as EGFR ligand (particularly Epiregulin and Amphiregulin) to the HER3 ligand Heregulin. This suggests that the HER3 pathway signals parallel to the EGFR pathway in NSCLC and its activation is associated with gefitinib resistance. Finally we present a model that may explain EGFR family ligand receptor interactions and their role in gefitinib sensitivity/resistance.
A CsI-Active Pixel Sensor Based Detector for Gamma Ray Imaging (2006)

A Startracker CMOS monolithic active pixel sensor with 525times525 pixels each 25 microns/side has been coupled via a fibre optic stud to a CsI(Tl) crystal 2mm times 20mm times 20mm to form a test detector of gamma rays of energy between 60 keV and 200 keV. The crystal is segmented into 400 micron elements separated by 100 microns of filler. The system records images at 10 f/sec and is interfaced to a PC via an FPGA-based DAQ and optical link. Image acquisition is performed using a MatLab-based GUI. Noise is measured to be ~100 electrons with a temperature dependence of ~0.4%/C indicating that the majority of noise is reset related or fixed pattern in nature rather than statistical thermal noise. Images have been acquired using a Tc99m source placed directly onto the CsI(Tl) crystals as well as through several lead collimators. The structure of the CsI(Tl) scintillator is easy resolved once a noise image is subtracted and an intrinsic spatial resolution of 80-90 microns is measured. The system spatial resolution with a collimator is ~450 microns for 140keV photons. The results indicate that the present APS has too high a noise level for imaging low energy photons but a new device with ~25 electrons noise plus the potential to provide on-chip signal thresholding and cluster analysis could become part of a large-area intelligent gamma ray imager with a sub-mm spatial resolution at 140 keV.
Stress-induced Apoptosis Associated with Null Mutation of ADAR1 RNA Editing Deaminase Gene (2004)

One type of RNA editing involves the conversion of adenosine residues into inosine in double-stranded RNA through the action of adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADAR). A-to-I RNA editing of the coding sequence could result in synthesis of proteins not directly encoded in the genome. ADAR edits also non-coding sequences of target RNAs, such as introns and 3'-untranslated regions, which may affect splicing, translation, and mRNA stability. Three mammalian ADAR gene family members (ADAR1-3) have been identified. Here we investigated phenotypes of mice homozygous for ADAR1 null mutation. Although live ADAR1-/- embryos with normal gross appearance could be recovered up to E11.5, widespread apoptosis was detected in many tissues. Fibroblasts derived from ADAR1-/- embryos were also prone to apoptosis induced by serum deprivation. Our results demonstrate an essential requirement for ADAR1 in embryogenesis and suggest that it functions to promote survival of numerous tissues by editing one or more double-stranded RNAs required for protection against stress-induced apoptosis.
Synthesis of some Platinum(II) Diphosphine Complexes of the Type [PtX2(P-P)] (X2= CO3; X = CH3COO, CF3COO, NCO) (1997)

Abstract Treatment of aminobis(methylphosphine) complexes of platinum(II) with silver(I) salts in dichloromethane gives corresponding platinum(II) complexes of the type [PtX2(P-P)] where X2 = CO3; X= CH3COO, CF3COO, NCO; P-P = (Cy2PCH2)2NMe, dcpam; (Ph2PCH2)2NMe, dppam). The complexes have been characterised by using spectroscopic techniques such as 31P-{1H] and 1H NMR, IR, and mass spectrometry.
A pulse-amplitude-synthesis-and-control (PASC) consolidation/inversion system for Faraday connected MHD generators (1993)

The problem of consolidating and inverting a number of DC sources is common in interconnecting arrays of batteries, fuel cells, solar cells, multi-electrode pair magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) generators, etc. This paper describes a general technique for performing such power processing when applied to the specific example of consolidation followed by three phase inversion, of a number of DC sources produced by a Faraday connected MHD generator. The method employs banks of pulse transformers, one bank per phase, in which the secondaries of each transformer have been connected in series and two opposite polarity primaries are pulsed from the DC sources. The sequence in which the primaries are pulsed determines the shape of the resulting AC waveform. The process, or method, is called PASC (pulse amplitude-synthesis-and-control), and utilizes a switching array to connect/disconnect one or more DC sources in an overlapped fashion under computer actuation along with error output-signal feedback, to generate the control necessary to match the desired waveform as specified in the computer. Although the principle benefit of this system is consolidation of diverse and isolated DC sources, it is shown that quantized sinusoids can be synthesized with low harmonic content precluding the need for expensive and inefficient filtering such as is required by conventional static inverters. A prototype single phase, 24 kVA, eight transformer system has been built and extensively tested. This system is described and representative experimental results are shown.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Optical studies of quantum dots (2013)

Optical properties of quantum dots have created a lot of interest within the community due to their size tunable, fundamentally unique properties arising from the quantum confinement effect that are unforeseen in bulk. In this review we have highlighted some of the recent advances in the field including the synthetic challenges and advances to control not only the size but also their shape, internal structure and their coupling with the neighbouring nanocrystals leading to exciting new optical properties. We have further explored the various optical techniques that have been used to understand the electronic structure of not only ensemble and temporally averaged nanostructures but also with temporal resolution as well as single particle microscopy and hence understand the unique size dependent properties. We then explore a few of the unique properties or specialized class of nanocrystals using a combination of various optical properties. The different classes of nanocrystals discussed in this review include materials such as transition metal doped nanocrystals as well as infrared emitting materials. The fundamentally unique processes such as blinking, that is observed in almost all single molecule nanocrystals, or ultrafast processes occurring in these nanocrystals that determine the properties of these materials have also been discussed. The review concludes with a brief discussion on the current and potential applications and a brief outlook for the future of this field.
On the theory of space-time codes for PSK modulation (2000)

The design of space-time codes to achieve full spatial diversity over fading channels has largely been addressed by handcrafting example codes using computer search methods and only for small numbers of antennas. The lack of more general designs is in part due to the fact that the diversity advantage of a code is the minimum rank among the complex baseband differences between modulated codewords, which is difficult to relate to traditional code designs over finite fields and rings. We present general binary design criteria for PSK-modulated space-time codes. For linear BPSK/QPSK codes, the rank of (binary projections of) the unmodulated codewords, as binary matrices over the binary field, is a sufficient design criterion: full binary rank guarantees full spatial diversity. This criterion accounts for much of what is currently known about PSK-modulated space-time codes. We develop new fundamental code constructions for both quasi-static and time-varying channels. These are perhaps the first general constructions-other than delay diversity schemes-that guarantee full spatial diversity for an arbitrary number of transmit antennas.
Anti‐MRSA Agent Discovery Using Diversity‐Oriented Synthesis (2008)

Resistenzbrecher: An einem trägergebundenen Phosphonat wurden in einer diversitätsorientierten Synthese 242 mögliche Wirkstoffe auf der Grundlage von 18 Naturstoffgerüsten aufgebaut. Dieses Vorgehen führte zu Gemmacin (siehe Schema), einem Antibiotikum mit neuartiger Struktur, das gegen Methicillin-resistenten Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) wirksam ist.
Coordinated power conservation for ad hoc networks (2003)

Existing ad hoc routing protocols assume all nodes within the network to participate in the routing process. By conditionally selecting a subset of nodes is an appropriate approach to limiting the number of nodes participating in routing such that nodes not selected may be turned off to conserve power and extend network lifetime. However, not all non-routing-related nodes will be able to be turned off (suspended) at the same time. Sufficient bandwidth and forwarding capacity are still necessary in case of changing network topology and environment. We describe the coordinated power conservation (CPC) algorithm to facilitate power conservation for ad hoc networks. The algorithm constructs a backbone infrastructure to have CPC servers running on backbone nodes to coordinate suspending schedules among their local non-backbone nodes running CPC clients. Simulation results demonstrate that CPC-enabled ad hoc networks exhibit performance closely equivalent to ad hoc networks without CPC, while consuming less power.
Superimposed multi-resolution imaging (2017)

We present a novel approach to foveated imaging based on dual-aperture optics that superimpose two images on a single sensor, thus attaining a pronounced foveal function with reduced optical complexity. Each image captures the scene at a different magnification and therefore the system simultaneously captures a wide field of view and a high acuity at a central region. This approach enables arbitrary magnification ratios using a relatively simple system, which would be impossible using conventional optical design, and is of importance in applications where the cost per pixel is high. The acquired superimposed image can be processed to perform enhanced object tracking and recognition over a wider field of view and at an increased angular resolution for a given limited pixel count. Alternatively, image reconstruction can be used to separate the image components enabling the reconstruction of a foveated image for display. We demonstrate these concepts through ray-tracing simulation of practical optical systems with computational recovery.
Ultrathin-film ohmic contacts for GaAs FET (1983)

As a contribution towards a better understanding of the complex process of ohmic contact formation with Au-Ge-Ni, source-drain contacts were made with various metal film thicknesses ranging from 300 to 1200 AA. A reduced contact quality was found for thicknesses less than 600 AA. This value gives an indication of the minimum amount and depth of Ge doping of the GaAs under the metal contact for satisfactory ohmic contacts.
Clinical applications of tumor volume measurements for predicting outcome in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract. (2004)

Gross tumor volume (GTV) at the primary site, as derived from pretreatment CT findings, can help predict local control of squamous cell carcinoma at different head and neck subsites after treatment with nonsurgical organ preservation. Local recurrence is more likely with large tumors than with small lesions in the same anatomic subsite, and GTV is often more strongly associated with local control than is tumor stage. This review discusses tumor volume calculation-technique, current literature, and potential clinical applications-and aims to help the reader to understand the role of GTV calculations and to integrate this knowledge into clinical practice.
Auditory localization performance in the azimuth for tactical communication and protection systems (2015)

An important consideration in assessing auditory abilities is the effect personal protective equipment (PPE) can have on performance. Tactical Communication and Protection (TCAP) systems are a type of PPE that is becoming more common in military applications. These types of systems provide radio communications, while also protecting the user from hazardous noise through passive and active attenuation. These systems have an active acoustic pass-through mechanism that utilizes an external microphone and internal earphone to restore environmental hearing. Past research has shown that this type of pass-through mechanism can negatively affect localization ability. In the present study, six participants localization ability was tested for two different signals (AK-47 impulse, 500 ms white noise) across an array of eight loudspeakers arranged in a ring around the test participant. The systems tested consisted of three types of in-ear TCAPs, one over-the-ear TCAPs, and one passive nonlinear hearing protection device. All systems were tested with the Advanced Combat Helmet (ACH) donned. In general, localization performance was worst for the AK-47 impulse signal. Across signals, the over-the-ear TCAPs had significantly more front/back confusions and greater localization error than the in-ear systems.
818. Optimization of E. coli Fermentation for Plasmid DNA Production (2004)

Obtaining optimal yields of highly purified plasmid DNA is seen as an essential step toward efficient production of genetic drugs, such as DNA vaccines and therapeutic plasmids. To do so requires: 1) growth conditions optimized for efficient plasmid production; and 2) efficient downstream purification. To date, most efforts toward commercial method development have been placed on downstream purification, resulting in reported yields up to 100-200mg DNA/liter of culture medium. In order to address the initial and yield-limiting upstream steps, we optimized the plasmid growth conditions for both batch and fed-batch fermentation. The increased plasmid yield also improved the effectiveness of downstream purification by reducing the fraction of impurities.
Surfactant-Enhanced Photoisomerization and Photomechanical Response in Molecular Crystal Nanowires (2017)

Dimethyl-2(3-anthracen-9-yl)allylidene)malonate (DMAAM) is a divinylanthracene derivative that photoisomerizes between its (E) and (Z) conformations. Crystalline nanowires composed of this molecule undergo a rapid coiling motion when exposed to visible light. In this paper, a variety of experimental techniques are used to investigate the mechanism of this transformation, including powder X-ray diffraction, polarized light microscopy, <sup>1</sup>H NMR, and absorption spectroscopy. The results show that the presence of a surfactant like cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) accelerates the photochemical reaction rate by at least a factor of 10 within the nanowire and is required to observe the photoinduced coiling. The accelerated reaction facilitates the transition to an amorphous phase composed of reactant and photoproduct, which leads to the rapid, large-scale shape changes that the nanowires undergo. Disruption of the highly packed crystal structure by photoisomerization also enhances the dissolution rate by a factor of about 30. The fact that the nanowires have a nominal diameter of 200 nm suggests that the presence of surface species can influence the reaction dynamics deep inside the crystal. These results show that the reaction dynamics and photomechanical motions of nanoscale molecular crystals can be extremely sensitive to surface species.
Actinoplanetes in soil and on plant litter from freshwater habitats (1982)

An isolation method for actinoplanetes is described which uses the ability of the sporangium to withstand desiccation and release motile spores when subsequently rehydrated. The desiccation stage reduces the number of associated Gram negative bacteria which cause problems when attempts are made to isolate species on agar plates from natural substrates. The method has enabled the isolation of actinoplanetes directly from soil and plant litter and indirectly from soil with the aid of baits such as pollen and hair. Actinoplanetes appear to be common in dry soils collected from arid areas and sand dune systems. They are normally present on leaves submerged for a time in rivers, streams and lakes and subsequently deposited in heaps on shores or as debris on overhanging vegetation. An actinomycete resembling the ‘spore‐dome’ organism recovered from leaves and twigs by Willoughby (1969) was frequently isolated during the course of these studies. Preliminary work suggests that different species can be recognized and could constitute a new genus within the family Streptomycetaceae.
Clinical Experience with Implantable Scanning Tachycardia Reversion Pacemakers (1984)

An automatic, fully implantable scanning pacemaker was developed and has been used for tachycardia termination in man. Since January 1982, 22 patients have had this pacemaker implanted at St. Bartholomew's Hospital and over 125 devices have been used throughout the world. Clinical results have been encouraging, especially with the second-generation device.
Stem cell factor increases colony-forming unit-spleen number in vitro in synergy with interleukin-6, and in vivo in Sl/Sld mice as a single factor (1992)

Hematopoiesis is thought to be modulated by interactions of progenitor cells with hematopoietic growth factors. We have shown that colony- forming units-spleen (CFU-S) and repopulating stem cells require interleukin-3 (IL-3) to survive in vitro, and that CFU-S number and long-term repopulating ability can be increased by culture in the combination of IL-3 and IL-6. In this report, we describe the effects of stem cell factor (SCF) on CFU-S and repopulating stem cells. Injection of SCF into anemic Sl/Sld mice caused a twofold and 20-fold increase in CFU-S number in the bone marrow and spleen of treated animals, respectively. After 6 days in suspension culture, CFU-S number increased threefold in cultures supplemented with SCF and IL-6, or SCF, IL-3, and IL-6 relative to the number at day 0. The long-term repopulating ability of cells cultured in SCF, IL-3, and IL-6 was approximately sevenfold better than that of cells cultured in IL-3 or SCF. Similar experiments were performed on populations of bone marrow cells enriched for, or depleted of, CFU-S by elutriation and lineage subtraction. The combination of SCF and IL-6 increased CFU-S number approximately fourfold to eightfold in the CFU-S-enriched fraction, but had no effect on the CFU-S-depleted cells. These results show that SCF alone can increase CFU-S number in vivo, and in combination with other growth factors increases CFU-S numbers in vitro.
Near infrared optical reflectance switching obtained by electrochromic thin film (2003)

We prepared electrochromic WO/sub 3/ thin films. These films show a considerable optical reflectivity switching effect in the near-infrared range. The post oxygen plasma treatment can improve the modulation amplitude and extend the modulation range. This near-infrared reflectivity modulation has special usage in an energy efficient "smart window".
Integrated Convolutional and Recurrent Neural Networks for Health Risk Prediction using Patient Journey Data with Many Missing Values (2022)

Predicting the health risks of patients using Electronic Health Records (EHR) has attracted considerable attention in recent years, especially with the development of deep learning techniques. Health risk refers to the probability of the occurrence of a specific health outcome for a specific patient. The predicted risks can be used to support decision-making by healthcare professionals. EHRs are structured patient journey data. Each patient journey contains a chronological set of clinical events, and within each clinical event, there is a set of clinical/medical activities. Due to variations of patient conditions and treatment needs, EHR patient journey data has an inherently high degree of missingness that contains important information affecting relationships among variables, including time. Existing deep learning-based models generate imputed values for missing values when learning the relationships. However, imputed data in EHR patient journey data may distort the clinical meaning of the original EHR patient journey data, resulting in classification bias. This paper proposes a novel end-to-end approach to modeling EHR patient journey data with Integrated Convolutional and Recurrent Neural Networks. Our model can capture both long- and short-term temporal patterns within each patient journey and effectively handle the high degree of missingness in EHR data without any imputation data generation. Extensive experimental results using the proposed model on two real-world datasets demonstrate robust performance as well as superior prediction accuracy compared to existing state-of-the-art imputation-based prediction methods.
Notes-Sulfonamides and Some Related Materials (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNotes-Sulfonamides and Some Related MaterialsH Morrill, George Steahly, and Ferdinand ZientyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1961, 26, 10, 4103–4104Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1961Publication History Published online3 July 2002Published inissue 1 October 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01068a600https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01068a600research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views155Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts