gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tomographic image reconstruction using the cell broadband engine (CBE) general purpose hardware (2007)

Tomographic image reconstruction, such as the reconstruction of CT projection values, of tomosynthesis data, PET or SPECT events, is computational very demanding. In filtered backprojection as well as in iterative reconstruction schemes, the most time-consuming steps are forward- and backprojection which are often limited by the memory bandwidth. Recently, a novel general purpose architecture optimized for distributed computing became available: the Cell Broadband Engine (CBE). Its eight synergistic processing elements (SPEs) currently allow for a theoretical performance of 192 GFlops (3 GHz, 8 units, 4 floats per vector, 2 instructions, multiply and add, per clock). To maximize image reconstruction speed we modified our parallel-beam and perspective backprojection algorithms which are highly optimized for standard PCs, and optimized the code for the CBE processor.<sup>1-3</sup> In addition, we implemented an optimized perspective forwardprojection on the CBE which allows us to perform statistical image reconstructions like the ordered subset convex (OSC) algorithm.<sup>4</sup> Performance was measured using simulated data with 512 projections per rotation and 512<sup>2</sup> detector elements. The data were backprojected into an image of 512<sup>3</sup> voxels using our PC-based approaches and the new CBE- based algorithms. Both the PC and the CBE timings were scaled to a 3 GHz clock frequency. On the CBE, we obtain total reconstruction times of 4.04 s for the parallel backprojection, 13.6 s for the perspective backprojection and 192 s for a complete OSC reconstruction, consisting of one initial Feldkamp reconstruction, followed by 4 OSC iterations.
Evaluation of Nanoemulsion to Improve the Fracturing Fluid Flowback (2015)

Nanoemulsion (NE) has been widely added into fracturing fluid as flowback additive to enhance fracturing fluid recovery. An environmental friendly nanoemulsion has been formulated. The particle size distribution of the nanoemulsion has been determined. The surface tension and contact angle of the nanoemulsion and commercial flowback additives have also been studied. The new nanoemulsion has lower surface tension and higher contact angle than commercial flowback additives. Two flowback recovery test apparatuses have been constructed, and fluid flowback recovery and gas-fluid flowback recovery experiments have been conducted. The new nanoemulsion gives higher fluid and gas-fluid recovery than that of conventional flowback additives.
Complete genome sequence, lifestyle, and multi-drug resistance of the human pathogen Corynebacterium resistens DSM 45100 isolated from blood samples of a leukemia patient (2012)

The detected gene repertoire of C. resistens DSM 45100 provides insights into the lipophilic lifestyle and virulence functions of this newly recognized pathogen. Plasmid pJA144188 revealed a modular architecture of gene regions that contribute to the multi-drug resistance of C. resistens DSM 45100. The tet(W) gene encoding a ribosomal protection protein is reported here for the first time in corynebacteria. Cloning of the tet(W) gene mediated resistance to second generation tetracyclines in C. glutamicum, indicating that it might be responsible for the failure of minocycline therapies in patients with C. resistens bacteremia.
가상현실(VR) 내에서 구현되는 도서관 인터페이스 시스템에 관한 연구 (2016)

우리 삶에 있어 독서는 빼 놓을 수 없는 부분이다. 다양한 책을 접할 수 있는 공간 중 하나인 도서관 이용률이 안타깝게도 매해 큰 폭으로 감소하고 있다. 이용률이 감소하는 여러 이유가 있지만, 그 중 가장 큰 이유는 물리적인 접근성이 떨어지기 때문이다. 산간이나 외딴 섬 같은 경우에는 이용이 더욱 어렵다. 또한, 운영시간 제한의 문제, 책 예약·대출의 어려움 등 문화적 혜택을 받기 어려운 지방일수록 더욱 문제점이 커진다고 볼 수 있다. 그렇다면 이러한 문제를 해결하고 다양한 조건에 있는 사람들이 시공간의 제약을 극복하고 도서관을 이용하여 다양한 서적을 읽으려면 어떻게 해야 할까? 이는 현재 전 세계적으로 큰 화제가 되는 가상현실 (virtual Reality)의 개념과 VR 디바이스 중 하나인 몰입형 헤드셋 HMD (Head Mount Display)를 사용하여 구현되는 가상현실 도서관이 그 답이 될 수 있다. VR 헤드셋은 현존하는 디지털 기기 중 최상의 몰입감을 제공하고 시공간의 제약을 극복해 주는 시스템이다. 그렇다면 가상현실 도서관은 어떻게 구성되어야 기존의 도서관, 디지털 북 등의 매체보다 훨씬 더 높은 수준의 사용자 경험을 제공할 수 있을까? 어떠한 인터페이스가 적용되어야 더욱 효과적으로 이용할 수 있을까? 시공간의 문제를 가상현실(Virtual Reality)로 극복하여 실제 도서관을 이용하는 것과 비교하여 가상현실 도서관을 이용했을 때 확연한 장점과 더 나은 사용자 경험을 주기 위해 본 논문은 가상공간 (VR) 내에서 구현되는 도서관 인터페이스 시스템을 제안한다.
Purdue's Engineer Of 2020: The Journey (2020)

As part of that committee, he helped organize the Ethics portion of the Engineer of 2020 workshop in Sept. 2008, chairing a break-out session at the workshop. He has taught an ethics lecture for ME 290, the professional communications course within ME, for many years. Together with another colleague, he also has given a seminar on Research Ethics for graduate students twice in the last 3 years. For 10 years, he served as chair of the ME Communications Committee, where he championed workshops for teaching assistants to help improve reading and writing skills for their students. He recently started teaching ME 492, Technology and Values, an elective course with readings and discussion on topics related to global and environmental issues, as well as ethics.
ChemInform Abstract: A Highly Efficient Route to Taxotere by the β‐Lactam Synthon Method. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
On Seismic Wave Equation Gradiometric Inversion for Density (2023)

It is of interest for environmental and resource applications to better characterise dynamic processes and properties of the near-surface critical zone of the solid Earth. Seismic wavefield gradiometry refers to a class of imaging techniques that estimate properties of the subsurface by calculating temporal and spatial gradients of incoming wavefields using dense array measurements, usually recorded at the Earth&amp;#8217;s surface. One such method called wave equation inversion (WEI) has been shown to require only a few minutes of ambient seismic noise recordings to produce phase velocity maps, and shows promise for rapid field deployment.Previous applications of WEI are based on the assumption that the 2D scalar Helmholtz wave equation adequately describes the dynamics of recorded wavefields. This approximation is severe for seismic waves because the Helmholtz equation fails to describe elastic wave dynamics. Since ambient noise recordings contain all kinds of interfering elastic wave types, the accuracy of subsurface material property estimates is compromised.To investigate the potential to enhance the information available from WEI, we test the method synthetically using more sophisticated wave equations that represent wave propagation in the subsurface more accurately. Starting from a 3D seismic array geometry which provides wavefield gradient information both at the surface and at depth, WEI can be formulated in terms of the full elastic wave equation. From there we track approximations in both wave physics and field acquisition geometries that deplete information about the medium, eventually arriving at the conventional 2D scalar wave equation. These experiments highlight approximations that most deteriorate the solution, allowing us to target future effort to remove them.One approximation made in all previous WEI studies is to assume that density is constant across the local array. In reality, subsurface density varies both laterally and with depth, yet remains poorly constrained in seismic imaging problems. Accurate density estimates would provide important insight into subsurface properties. This prompts us to test wavefield sensitivities to subsurface density contrasts via WEI. Synthetic results for 3D acoustic media suggest that it is possible to estimate relative density structure with WEI by using a full acoustic formulation for wave propagation along the surface. We show that using a constant density assumption for the medium can be detrimental to subsurface images, whereas the full acoustic formulation of gradiometry improves our knowledge of material properties. It allows us to estimate density as an additional material parameter as well as to improve phase velocity estimates by incorporating approximations to the density structure. By expanding this methodology to the elastic case, we will discuss the feasibility of estimating density with gradiometric WEI in the solid Earth.
Web-based surveys for corporate information gathering: A bias-reducing design framework (2003)

The cost effectiveness of Internet-based communications in the ever more fully networked business environment continues to drive the use of Web surveys for corporate information gathering. However, simply applying traditional survey techniques to the Web can result in significant shortcomings in the data so gathered. Recent research has been directed at these issues, within the context of Web surveys as a general research tool. We discuss the application of that research to the narrower organizational context. This article synthesizes from the literature on Web-based surveying and from the authors' own experiences. It suggests a design framework for managers and communications professionals interested in increasing the statistical validity of Web surveys deployed in an organizational context. The results of a recent organizational Web survey developed and administered within the framework guidelines support the efficacy of the framework.
Effect of the nano-oxide layer as a Mn diffusion barrier in specular spin valves (2002)

In previous work an enhanced giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effect in spin valves (SVs) with a nano-oxide layer (NOL) after annealing at about 250–300 °C has been reported. We have shown that SVs with a NOL also have higher thermal stability of the MR ratio at 300 °C. From secondary-ion-mass spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy depth profile analysis, the mechanism of the improved thermal stability of the SVs with a NOL is shown to be related to MnO formation within the NOL. Thus, Mn atoms from the FeMn layer are trapped, and Mn diffusion is inhibited by the NOL during annealing.
Beacon scheduling in cluster-tree IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee wireless sensor networks (2006)

The recently standardized IEEE 802.15.4/Zigbee protocol stack offers great potentials for ubiquitous and pervasive computing, namely for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). However, there are still some open and ambiguous issues that turn its practical use a challenging task. One of those issues is how to build a synchronized multi-hop cluster-tree network, which is quite suitable for QoS support in WSNs. In fact, the current IEEE 802.15.4/Zigbee specifications restrict the synchronization in the beacon-enabled mode (by the generation of periodic beacon frames) to star-based networks, while it supports multi-hop networking using the peer-to-peer mesh topology, but with no synchronization. Even though both specifications mention the possible use of cluster-tree topologies, which combine multi-hop and synchronization features, the description on how to effectively construct such a network topology is missing. This report tackles this problem, unveils the ambiguities regarding the use of the cluster-tree topology and proposes two collisionfree beacon frame scheduling schemes.
Effects of Carrier Mobility on Carrier Saturation Phenomenon in Facilitated Transport Membranes (2006)

Permeation experiments of ethylene were performed to investigate the effect of carrier mobility on carrier saturation in a facilitated transport membrane. Poly(vinyl alcohol)-based membranes containing either Na+-ions or Ag+-ions were used to prepare mobile-carrier and fixed-carrier membranes. For the membranes containing 0.49 M Ag+-ions, the fluxes obtained from the mobile-carrier membrane were higher than those obtained from the fixed-carrier membrane. It was also observed that the fixed-carrier membrane was more susceptible to the carrier saturation than the mobile-carrier membrane. However, the effect of carrier mobility on permeation flux and carrier saturation was not noticed as the carrier concentration was increased.
Norwegian trends in numbers of lower extremity revascularisations and amputations including regional trends in endovascular treatments for peripheral arterial disease: a retrospective cross-sectional registry study from 2001 to 2014 (2017)

From 2001 to 2014, the revascularisation rates increased due to the rise in endovascular procedures. Open revascularisations and major amputation rates decreased, minor increased. The regional variances in endovascular treatments indicate that the availability of this technology differed between the health regions of Norway. The increase in patients with diabetes requires continued awareness of diabetes and its complications.
Whole‐genome sequencing elucidates the species‐wide diversity and evolution of fungicide resistance in the early blight pathogen Alternaria solani (2022)

Early blight of potato is caused by the fungal pathogen <i>Alternaria solani</i> and is an increasing problem worldwide. The primary strategy to control the disease is applying fungicides such as succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHI). SDHI-resistant strains, showing reduced sensitivity to treatments, appeared in Germany in 2013, shortly after the introduction of SDHIs. Two primary mutations in the SDH complex (<i>SdhB</i>-H278Y and <i>SdhC</i>-H134R) have been frequently found throughout Europe. How these resistances arose and spread, and whether they are linked to other genomic features, remains unknown. For this project, we performed whole-genome sequencing for 48 <i>A</i>. <i>solani</i> isolates from potato fields across Europe to better characterize the pathogen's genetic diversity in general and understand the development and spread of the genetic mutations that lead to SDHI resistance. The isolates can be grouped into seven genotypes. These genotypes do not show a geographical pattern but appear spread throughout Europe. We found clear evidence for recombination on the genome, and the observed admixtures might indicate a higher adaptive potential of the fungus than previously thought. Yet, we cannot link the observed recombination events to different <i>Sdh</i> mutations. The same <i>Sdh</i> mutations appear in different, non-admixed genetic backgrounds; therefore, we conclude they arose independently. Our research gives insights into the genetic diversity of <i>A</i>. <i>solani</i> on a genome level. The mixed occurrence of different genotypes, apparent admixture in the populations, and evidence for recombination indicate higher genomic complexity than anticipated. The conclusion that SDHI tolerance arose multiple times independently has important implications for future fungicide resistance management strategies. These should not solely focus on preventing the spread of isolates between locations but also on limiting population size and the selective pressure posed by fungicides in a given field to avoid the rise of new mutations in other genetic backgrounds.
Detection of new genes in a bacterial genome using Markov models for three gene classes (1995)

We further investigated the statistical features of the three classes of Escherichia coli genes that have been previously delineated by factorial correspondence analysis and dynamic clustering methods. A phased Markov model for a nucleotide sequence of each gene class was developed and employed for gene prediction using the GeneMark program. The protein-coding region prediction accuracy was determined for class-specific Markov models of different orders when the programs implementing these models were applied to gene sequences from the same or other classes. It is shown that at least two training sets and two program versions derived for different classes of E. coli genes are necessary in order to achieve a high accuracy of coding region prediction for uncharacterized sequences. Some annotated E. coli genes from Class I and Class III are shown to be spurious, whereas many open reading frames (ORFs) that have not been annotated in GenBank as genes are predicted to encode proteins. The amino acid sequences of the putative products of these ORFs initially did not show similarity to already known proteins. However, conserved regions have been identified in several of them by screening the latest entries in protein sequence databases and applying methods for motif search, while some other of these new genes have been identified in independent experiments.
Initial Instability in Total Ankle Replacement: A Cadaveric Biomechanical Investigation of the STAR and Agility Prostheses (2014)

Stable initial implant fixation will likely improve clinical outcomes of total ankle replacement.
Inhibition of ADAM-TS4 and ADAM-TS5 Prevents Aggrecan Degradation in Osteoarthritic Cartilage (2002)

Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disorder characterized by breakdown of articular cartilage. Degradation of aggrecan, which together with type II collagen provides cartilage with its unique characteristics of compressibility and elasticity, is an early and sustained feature of osteoarthritis. The present work was set up to identify the enzyme(s) responsible for aggrecan breakdown in osteoarthritis. We found that the two cartilage aggrecanases, ADAM-TS4 and ADAM-TS5, are present in osteoarthritic cartilage and that they are responsible for aggrecan degradation without the participation of matrix metalloproteinases. This is based on 1) neoepitopes found on aggrecan fragments in osteoarthritis (OA) cartilage explants in vitro, 2) aggrecan fragments detected in synovial fluid of OA patients, 3) the observation that an aggrecanase inhibitor, BB-16, blocked aggrecan degradation in OA cartilage in vitro, whereas the matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor XS309 did not, and 4) the presence of mRNA and protein for ADAM-TS4 and ADAM-TS5 in OA cartilage. These results suggest that ADAM-TS4 and ADAM-TS5 represent a potential target for the treatment of osteoarthritis.
Acquired Inducible Antimicrobial Resistance in Gram-Positive Bacteria (2012)

A major contributor to the emergence of antibiotic resistance in Gram-positive bacterial pathogens is the expansion of acquired, inducible genetic elements. Although acquired, inducible antibiotic resistance is not new, the interest in its molecular basis has been accelerated by the widening distribution and often 'silent' spread of the elements responsible, the diagnostic challenges of such resistance and the mounting limitations of available agents to treat Gram-positive infections. Acquired, inducible antibiotic resistance elements belong to the accessory genome of a species and are horizontally acquired by transformation/recombination or through the transfer of mobile DNA elements. The two key, but mechanistically very different, induction mechanisms are: ribosome-sensed induction, characteristic of the macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B antibiotics and tetracycline resistance, leading to ribosomal modifications or efflux pump activation; and resistance by cell surface-associated sensing of β-lactams (e.g., oxacillin), glycopeptides (e.g., vancomycin) and the polypeptide bacitracin, leading to drug inactivation or resistance due to cell wall alterations.
No Association Between Genetic Polymorphism at Codon 129 of the Prion Protein Gene and Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (2011)

Error in Acknowledgments in: No Association Between Genetic Polymorphism at Codon 129 of the Prion Protein Gene and Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis
Newly Identified Tumor Antigens as Promising Cancer Vaccine Targets for Malignant Melanoma Treatment (2012)

Immunogenicity of tumour cells, immunomodulation and direct targeting of signalling pathways are promising avenues and matter of dated and innovative research in melanoma. Unfortunately, tumour cells are considered to be antigenic, but not immunogenic, either due to presentation of weakly recognized antigens or to the inability of the immune system to recognize them. However, spontaneous complete remission can be rarely observed in patients affected by melanoma, which are mainly attributed to the immune response against the tumour. Also, an elevated frequency of spontaneous humoral immune responses against tumour antigens was occasionally found in patients. These data confirm the existence of an interaction of the immune system with the tumour which can be used as a promising pathway for intervention and incorporates all portions of the immune system. The cancer immunotherapy approach is based on artificial activation of the immune system against the tumour and groups several types of treatments including immunization/vaccination but also modulation of immunity by cytokines or antibodies. Immunization approaches could either be based on undefined tumour antigens (e.g. whole tumour cells, tumour cell lysates, or tumour-antigen enriched fractions) or aimed at eliciting T-cell responses against specific tumour antigens. Novel and contemporary antigen-targeted therapy strategies, mainly directed to Cancer Testis and Heat Shock Proteins, leading to a possible active immunization against melanoma through T-cell specific activation, are discussed in this review.
Scoliosis in Muscular Dystrophy (1973)

*Orthopaedic Staff Surgeon, Strauss Surgical Group Association and Louis A. Weiss Memorial Hospital, 4640 Marine Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60640 Clinical Assistant Professor in Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Illinois, College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois Medical Co-director, Muscle Disease Clinic, University of Illinois, College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
Enantiospecific Synthesis of Carbapentostatins (2002)

In this paper we describe enantioselective syntheses of (+)-carbapentostatin (8) and its cyclopentyl analogue 12b. A new and efficient one-pot, two-step preparation of aldehyde 15 has been developed, based on the borane reduction of N-Pf-protected L-aspartic acid gamma-methyl ester (13) and Swern oxidation of the resulting alcohol. Homologation to diester 18 and ring formation by Dieckman cyclization, followed by reduction and dehydration steps, afford the 4-amino-1-cyclopentenemethanol derivative 22. Hydroboration and oxidation transform this compound stereospecifically into aminocyclopentanol 26, the key aminocyclitol component for an asymmetric synthesis of (+)-carbapentostatin.