gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The advanced MEMS (aMEMS) process for fabricating wafer level vacuum packaged SOI-MEMS devices with embedded vertical feedthroughs (2015)

This paper presents a novel, inherently simple and low-cost fabrication and hermetic packaging method developed for SOI-MEMS devices, where an SOI wafer is used for the fabrication of MEMS structures as well as vertical feedthroughs, while a glass cap wafer is used for hermetic encapsulation and routing metallization. Glass-to-silicon anodically bonded seals yield a very stable cavity pressure of 150 mTorr after 15 days. The shear strength of the fabricated packages is above 7 MPa. Temperature cycling and ultra-high temperature shock tests results in no degradation in the hermeticity of the packaged chips.
Contextual reasoning is NP-complete (1996)

The RNA editing processes in chloroplasts and mitochondira of higher plants show several similarities which are suggestive of common components and/or biochemical steps between the two plant organelles. The existence of various promiscuous DNA fragments of chloroplast origin in plant mitochondrial genomes allowed us to test the possibility that chloroplast sequences are also edited in mitochondria. An rpoB fragment transferred from chloroplasts to mitochondria in rice was chosen as it contains several editing sites, two of which match sequence motifs surrounding even non-homologous editing sites in both chloroplast and mitochondrial transcripts. Rice chloroplast and mitochondrial rpoB DNA and cDNA sequences were selectively amplified and the editing status of the cDNA sequences was determined. Three of the four potential rpoB editing sites previously detected in maize were found to be edited in the rice chloroplast rpoB transcript, whereas the fourth was found to remain unedited. In mitochondria, however, all four editing sites remain unmodified at the cDNA level. This indicates that the editing processes of higher plant mitochondria and chloroplasts are not identical and that organelle-specific factors are required for eliciting the respective editing events.
Performance evaluation of 2D and 3D deep learning approaches for automatic segmentation of multiple organs on CT images (2018)

The purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare the performance of modern deep learning techniques for automatically recognizing and segmenting multiple organ regions on 3D CT images. CT image segmentation is one of the important task in medical image analysis and is still very challenging. Deep learning approaches have demonstrated the capability of scene recognition and semantic segmentation on nature images and have been used to address segmentation problems of medical images. Although several works showed promising results of CT image segmentation by using deep learning approaches, there is no comprehensive evaluation of segmentation performance of the deep learning on segmenting multiple organs on different portions of CT scans. In this paper, we evaluated and compared the segmentation performance of two different deep learning approaches that used 2D- and 3D deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) without- and with a pre-processing step. A conventional approach that presents the state-of-the-art performance of CT image segmentation without deep learning was also used for comparison. A dataset that includes 240 CT images scanned on different portions of human bodies was used for performance evaluation. The maximum number of 17 types of organ regions in each CT scan were segmented automatically and compared to the human annotations by using ratio of intersection over union (IU) as the criterion. The experimental results demonstrated the IUs of the segmentation results had a mean value of 79% and 67% by averaging 17 types of organs that segmented by a 3D- and 2D deep CNN, respectively. All the results of the deep learning approaches showed a better accuracy and robustness than the conventional segmentation method that used probabilistic atlas and graph-cut methods. The effectiveness and the usefulness of deep learning approaches were demonstrated for solving multiple organs segmentation problem on 3D CT images.
Single-mode photonic crystal fiber with an indefinitely large core (1998)

Summary form only given. The photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is made of undoped silica with a hexagonal array of air holes running down its length. One hole is missing. The resulting central solid region is the core, while the remaining two-dimensional photonic crystal, with the array of holes, is the cladding. The core's diameter is roughly twice the separation /spl Lambda/ (or pitch) of the holes. The fiber is drawn from a stack of capillaries (and one central solid rod) in a conventional drawing tower. Light is guided by total internal reflection, because the cladding has an effective refractive index lower than that of silica. PCFs can be single mode throughout a broad wavelength range, from 337 nm to beyond 1550 nm, because of the unusual properties of the cladding's effective index. Unlike conventional fibers, in the limit of short wavelength the V-value of a PCF tends to a finite value V/sub /spl infin// which depends on the diameter d of the holes relative to /spl Lambda/. If the holes are small enough for V/sub /spl infin// to be less than the V-value at second-mode cutoff, the fiber is single mode at all wavelengths. Our experiments suggest that the cutoff V-value is near 2.5, close to the conventional value.
Landslides and predisposing factors of the Southern Apennines, Italy (2022)

The Fiumarella di Corleto drainage basin is an emblematic sector of the southern Apennine thrust belt in the Basilicata region (Southern Italy), which is strongly affected by landslides. Landslides both affect the urban area and the facilities related to hydrocarbon exploitation, such as the pipelines and oil wells connected with the oil centre located just outside the eastern border of the study area. Based on a detailed field survey, supported by stereoscopic analysis, a landslide inventory map has been realized, which also reports the associated processes and landforms. The relationships between the different types of landslides and the various predisposing factors like outcropping lithologies, slopes steepness, slope exposition and land use have been also investigated. The acquired data relate to a geologically complex area of the southern Apennines subject to recent uplift and represent a fundamental contribution useful for the correct management of the territory.
Developing an underwater glider for educational purposes (2013)

Buoyancy-driven underwater gliders (UGs) have proven to be quite effective for long-range, long-term oceanographic sampling. However, current off-the-shelf UGs are large, heavy, expensive, and difficult to modify, both in hardware and software, which prevents their frequent use for lake observations and limits researchers' ability to perform multi-vehicle coordination experiments. Our current research goal is to develop UGs that would share the buoyancy-driven concept with the first generation of gliders, but are smaller in size, lighter in weight, and lower in price. Our future research goal is to design and develop an underwater glider fleet that will result in novel and transformative research capabilities in coordinated control. Along with advancing research and broadening data collection ability, UGs provide a hands-on tool for engaging students in sophisticated STEM learning. This paper describes in detail the design, manufacturing, and modeling of our inexpensive Glider for Underwater Problem-solving and Presentation in Education (GUPPIE). GUPPIE was developed using practical components such as syringes for buoyancy control and a hull made of acrylic for easy analysis. The design is both affordable and easy-to-duplicate. GUPPIE's pedagogical platform provides hands-on learning applications that demonstrate glider mechanics, mechatronics, hydrodynamics, trimming, diving and surfacing performance, and mobility in water.
Ultrafast voltage-tunable plasmonic metamaterials based on intersubband polaritons (2014)

We report ultra-fast voltage-tunable optical response from metamaterials based coupling of plasmonic resonances in metallic nanostructures with intersubband polaritons. Over 310nm of spectral peak tuning around 7μm with 10ns response time was experimentally demonstrated.
Investigation of the Propagation Induced Pulse Broadening (PIPB) Effect on Single Event Transients in SOI and Bulk Inverter Chains (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> The propagation of single event transients (SET) is measured and modeled in SOI and bulk inverter chains. The propagation-induced pulse broadening (PIPB) effect is shown to determine the SET pulse width measured at the output of long chains of inverters after irradiation. Initially, narrow transients, less than 200 ps at the struck inverter, are progressively broadened into the nanosecond range. PIPB is induced by dynamic floating body effects (also called history effects) in SOI and bulk transistors, which depend on the bias state of the transistors before irradiation. Implications for SET hardness assurance, circuit modelling and hardening are discussed. Floating body and PIPB effects are usually not taken into account in circuit models, which can lead to large underestimation of SET sensitivity when using simulation techniques like fault injection in complex circuits. </para>
Pd-Catalyzed Aryl C–H Imidation with Arene as the Limiting Reagent (2013)

An amine-N-oxide-ligated palladium complex, in conjunction with a silver cocatalyst, catalyzes imidation of arenes by the reagent N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide. The reaction enables imidation of a variety of arenes at or below room temperature, requires no coordinating directing group on the substrate, and gives synthetically useful yields with only 1 equiv of arene. Mechanistic data implicate an unusual mechanism devoid of commonly invoked organometallic intermediates: oxidation of the Pd catalyst occurs as the turnover-limiting step, while C-H bond functionalization occurs subsequently at a high oxidation state of the catalyst.
Characterization of Corrosion Layers on Aluminum by Shifts in the Aluminum and Oxygen X-Ray Emission Bands (1970)

An x‐ray emission technique is outlined for the characterization of thin layers of aluminum oxides, aluminum oxyhydroxides, and aluminum hydroxides on aluminum. Shifts in the Al Kβ and O Kα x‐ray emission lines of standard compounds are presented and are then used to characterize thin corrosion layers on aluminum.
Anti-TTR Nanobodies Allow the Identification of TTR Neuritogenic Epitope Associated with TTR-Megalin Neurotrophic Activities (2018)

Transthyretin (TTR) has intrinsic neurotrophic physiological activities independent from its thyroxine ligands, which involve activation of signaling pathways through interaction with megalin. Still, the megalin binding motif on TTR is unknown. Nanobodies (Nb) have the ability to bind "hard to reach" epitopes being useful tools for protein/structure function. In this work, we characterize two anti-TTR Nanobodies, with similar mouse TTR binding affinities, although only one is able to block its neuritogenic activity (169F7_Nb). Through epitope mapping, we identified amino acids 14-18, at the entrance of the TTR central channel, to be important for interaction with megalin, and a stable TTR K15N mutant in that region was constructed. The TTR K15N mutant lacks neuritogenic activity, indicating that K15 is critical for TTR neuritogenic activity. Thus, we identify the putative binding site for megalin and describe two Nanobodies that will allow research and clarification of TTR physiological properties, regarding its neurotrophic effects.
Molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis and other mycobacterial infections: main methodologies and achievements (2001)

In the last decade, DNA fingerprint techniques have become available to study the interperson transmission of tuberculosis and other mycobacterial infections. These methods have facilitated epidemiological studies at a population level. In addition, the species identification of rarely encountered mycobacteria has improved significantly. This article describes the state of the art of the main molecular typing methods for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and non-M. tuberculosis complex (atypical) mycobacteria. Important new insights that have been gained through molecular techniques into epidemiological aspects and diagnosis of mycobacterial diseases are highlighted.
System Design and Evaluation of the Robot Tactile Sensor Using the Microbending Fiber Optic Sensors (2007)

This paper describes the system design and the structural design to evaluate the tactile sensor using the microbending fiber optic (MBFO) sensors. The small light emitted diode (LED) and charge coupled device (CCD) are used as a single light source and a light detector for the bundle of optical fibers respectively. And the structure of this type tactile sensor which is composed of crossed fibers in the silicone rubber is very simple. And the tactile sensor element using MBFO sensor is fabricated and the performance of this sensor is evaluated.
Cloning and expression of a distinctive class of self-incompatibility (S) gene from Papaver rhoeas L. (1994)

We present the identification, cloning, and characterization of a self-incompatibility (S) gene from Papaver rhoeas that has no significant homology to any previously reported gene sequences, including S genes from other species. This result suggests that a different self-incompatibility mechanism may be operating in this species and has important implications for the evolutionary relationships between the S genes. The S1 cDNA was cloned by using an oligonucleotide based upon N-terminal amino acid sequence data from stigmatic proteins that show complete linkage with the S1 gene. The single-copy gene has been expressed in Escherichia coli to test biological activity. Although the recombinant S1 protein (S1e) is not processed in the same way as the protein produced in the plant, it exhibits, in vitro, the specific pollen inhibitory activity expected of an S gene product; pollen carrying the S1 allele is inhibited, whereas pollen not carrying S1 is not inhibited. These results provide definitive demonstration that the product of a cloned S gene has S-specific pollen inhibitory activity.
Reduced somatosensory activations in swallowing with age (2010)

Understanding the neural functional organization of swallowing in healthy elders is essential in diagnosing and treating older adults with swallowing difficulties. The primary aims of this investigation were to identify the neural activation sites of different components of deglutition in healthy elders using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) and to investigate age differences in the neural control of swallowing. Ten young (age range 19-25 years of age) and nine older (age range 66-77 years of age) right-handed healthy individuals were scanned in a 3-Tesla MRI scanner. Subjects were visually cued for both a "Swallow" task and for component/control tasks ("Prepare to swallow," "Tap your tongue," and "Clear your throat"). Behavioral interleaved gradient (BIG) methodology was used to address movement related artifacts. Between-group comparisons revealed statistically stronger activations in the primary somatosensory cortex of young adults during the motor tasks examined. Both groups showed activations in the major motor areas involved in the initiation and execution of movement; however, areas involved in sensory processing, sensorimotor integration and/or motor coordination and control, showed reduced or limited activity in the elderly. Potential implications of these findings for clinical practice are discussed.
Domain-Specific Semantic Relatedness From Wikipedia: Can A Course Be Transferred? (2012)

Semantic relatedness, or its inverse, semantic distance, measures the degree of closeness between two pieces of text determined by their meaning. Related work typically measures semantics based on a sparse knowledge base such as WordNet 1 or CYC that requires intensive manual efforts to build and maintain. Other work is based on the Brown corpus, or more recently, Wikipedia. Wikipediabased measures, however, typically do not take into account the rapid growth of that resource, which exponentially increases the time to prepare and query the knowledge base. Furthermore, the generalized knowledge domain may be difficult to adapt to a specific domain. To address these problems, this paper proposes a domain-specific semantic relatedness measure based on part of Wikipedia that analyzes course descriptions to suggest whether a course can be transferred from one institution to another. We show that our results perform well when compared to previous work. 1
The Effect of Clean Culture and Early Spring Acaricide Treatments on Overwintering Spider Mite Populations in Outdoor Rose Plots (1961)

Journal Article The Effect of Clean Culture and Early Spring Acaricide Treatments on Overwintering Spider Mite Populations in Outdoor Rose Plots Get access T. J. Henneberry, T. J. Henneberry Entomology Research Division, Agric. Res. Serv., U.S.D.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar E. A. Taylor E. A. Taylor Entomology Research Division, Agric. Res. Serv., U.S.D.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 54, Issue 6, 1 December 1961, Pages 1255–1256, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/54.6.1255 Published: 01 December 1961 Article history Accepted: 20 July 1961 Published: 01 December 1961
Electronic structure of the negatively charged silicon-vacancy center in diamond (2014)

The negatively charged silicon-vacancy (SiV${}^{\ensuremath{-}}$) center in diamond is a promising single-photon source for quantum communications and information processing. However, the center's implementation in such quantum technologies is hindered by contention surrounding its fundamental properties. Here we present optical polarization measurements of single centers in bulk diamond that resolve this state of contention and establish that the center has a $\ensuremath{\langle}111\ensuremath{\rangle}$ aligned split-vacancy structure with ${\mathrm{D}}_{3\mathrm{d}}$ symmetry. Furthermore, we identify an additional electronic level and evidence for the presence of dynamic Jahn-Teller effects in the center's 738-nm optical resonance.
Correction: Distinct Cell Adhesion Signature Defines Glioblastoma Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell Subsets (2023)

In the original version of this article (1), there were errors in Fig. 6. Specifically, the datapoints in the left half of Fig. 6F representing vehicle- and sitagliptin-treated mMDSCs were also used in the right half of Fig. 6F representing vehicle- and sitagliptin-treated gMDSCs and in Fig. 6E. The correct graphs for Fig. 6E and 6F have been provided, and the text has been updated to indicate the difference in Fig. 6E was not significant. The errors have been corrected in the latest online HTML and PDF versions of the article. The authors regret these errors.
Global microRNA expression profiling in the liver biopsies of hepatitis B virus–infected patients suggests specific microRNA signatures for viral persistence and hepatocellular injury (2017)

miRNA signatures identified in this study corroborate previous findings and provide fresh insight into the understanding of HBV-associated liver diseases which may be helpful in developing early-stage disease diagnostics and targeted therapeutics. (Hepatology 2018;67:1695-1709).
Learning Bundled Care Opportunities from Electronic Medical Records (2017)

Objectives: The fee-for-service approach to healthcare leads to the management of a patient's conditions in an independent manner, inducing various negative consequences. It is recognized that a bundled care approach to healthcare-one that manages a collection of health conditions together-may enable greater efficacy and cost savings. However, it is not always evident which sets of conditions should be managed in a bundled program. Study Design: Retrospective inference of clusters of health conditions from an electronic medical record (EMR) system. A survey of healthcare experts to ascertain the plausibility of the clusters for bundled care programs. Methods: We designed a data-driven framework to infer clusters of health conditions via their shared clinical workflows according to EMR utilization by healthcare employees. We evaluated the framework with approximately 16,500 inpatient stays from a large medical center. The plausibility of the clusters for bundled care was assessed through a survey of a panel of healthcare experts using an analysis of variance (ANOVA) under a 95% confidence interval. Results: The framework inferred four condition clusters: 1) fetal abnormalities, 2) late pregnancies, 3) prostate problems, and 4) chronic diseases (with congestive heart failure featuring prominently). Each cluster was deemed plausible by the experts for bundled care. Conclusions: The findings suggest that data from EMRs may provide a basis for discovering new directions in bundled care. Still, translating such findings into actual care management will require further refinement, implementation, and evaluation.
Computation of bit-error probabilities for optical receivers using thin avalanche photodiodes (2006)

The large-deviation-based asymptotic-analysis and importance-sampling methods for computing bit-error probabilities for avalanche-photodiode (APD) based optical receivers, developed by Letaief and Sadowsky [IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol. 38, pp. 1162-1169, 1992], are extended to include the effect of dead space, which is significant in high-speed APDs with thin multiplication regions. It is shown that the receiver's bit-error probability is reduced as the magnitude of dead space increases relative to the APD's multiplication-region width. The calculated error probabilities and receiver sensitivities are also compared with those obtained from the Chernoff bound.
Five steps to beating ransomware's five-minute warning (2020)

When ransomware strikes an IT network, there is precious little time to react. Indeed, some accounts by IT professionals put it at less than five minutes. At that speed it is next to impossible using manual methods to stop ransomware propagating throughout an IT system. Firms need to work on the assumption that they will be attacked at some point, and so need to put in place measures that will help them survive an attack with as little damage as possible, says Matt Lock at Varonis. When ransomware strikes an IT network there is precious little time to react. Indeed, some accounts by IT professionals put it at less than five minutes. At that speed it is next to impossible to stop ransomware propagating throughout an IT system using manual methods.