gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impact parameter dependence of heavy ione+e−pair production to all orders inZα (2006)

The heavy ion probability for continuum ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ pair production has been calculated to all orders in $Z\ensuremath{\alpha}$ as a function of impact parameter. The formula resulting from an exact solution of the semiclassical Dirac equation in the ultrarelativistic limit is evaluated numerically. In a calculation of $\ensuremath{\gamma}=100$ colliding Au ions, the probability of ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ pair production is reduced from the perturbation theory result throughout the impact parameter range.
Optical Microscopic Observation of Silicon Nitride Exposed in High Temperature Combustion Gas Flow (2005)

Hot-gas corrosion behavior of Si3N4 against high speed combustion gas was investigated by optical microscopy observation. A city gas (13A) with the composition of CH4: 88.60, C3H8: 3.20, C2H6: 5.09 and C4H10: 2.86 in vol%, was used as fuel. Three Si3N4 test bars with the size of 4 mm×4 mm×80 mm were used for each exposing run. The exposure was carried out in combustion gas temperature of around 1400°C with the current velocity of about 190 m/s. The exposing time was totally 60 h (7-8 h in a day). At the earlier stage, after 8-16 h exposure, thin and glassy oxide layer was formed on the surface of Si3N4. The oxide layer changed to a powdery substance with elapsing exposure time and the surface was fully covered by powdery oxide after ≈24 h. The powdery oxide was only attached on the surface very loosely and it was easily removed by soft touch. White spots on particles from the burner side which consisted of a larger amount of glassy phase, also changed to powder and fade away with elapsing time. At an earlier stage, after 8-16 h exposure, the specimens showed relatively lower weight loss compared to that detected after around 24 h exposure. It is considered that the decreasing weight may be divided into two stages according to the change of ratio in weight loss before and after each exposure. Thus, in the earlier stage, it can be assumed that vaporizing of Si, O and N2 from the surface grassy phase mainly takes place, while in the later stage, the main process is the removment of powdery oxide in addition to vaporization of Si, O and N2.
Microtubular Proteolysis in Focal Cerebral Ischemia (1996)

Calpain, a neutral protease activated by calcium, may promote microtubular proteolysis in ischemic brain. We tested this hypothesis in an animal model of focal cerebral ischemia without reperfusion. The earliest sign of tissue injury was observed after no more than 15 min of ischemia, with coiling of apical dendrites immunolabeled to show microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2). After 6 h of ischemia, MAP2 immunoreactivity was markedly diminished in the infarct zone. Quantitative Western analysis demonstrated that MAP2 was almost unmeasurable after 24 h of ischemia. An increase in calpain activity, shown by an antibody recognizing calpain-cleaved spectrin fragments, paralleled the loss of MAP2 immunostaining. Double-labeled immunofluorescent studies showed that intraneuronal calpain activity preceded evidence of MAP2 proteolysis. Perikaryal immunolabeling of tau protein became increasingly prominent between 1 and 6 h in neurons located within the transition zone between ischemic and unaffected tissue. Western blot experiments confirmed that dephosphorylation of tau protein occurred during 24 h of ischemia, but was not associated with significant loss of tau antigen. We conclude that focal cerebral ischemia is associated with early microtubular proteolysis caused by calpain.
Amelioration of motor/sensory dysfunction and spasticity in a rat model of acute lumbar spinal cord injury by human neural stem cell transplantation (2013)

Peri-acute intraspinal grafting of HSSC can represent an effective therapy which ameliorates motor and sensory deficits after traumatic spinal cord injury.
224 M2 macrophage-mediated immune suppression of chimeric antigen receptor T cells via PD-L1 signaling in prostate cancer (2021)

<h3>Background</h3> The immune suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) that inhibits T cell infiltration, survival, and anti-tumor activity has posed a major challenge for developing effective immunotherapies for solid tumors. Chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy has shown unprecedented clinical response in treating patients with hematological malignancies, and intense investigation is underway to achieve similar responses with solid tumors. Immunologically cold tumors, including prostate cancers, are often infiltrated with abundant macrophages, and infiltration of M2 macrophages correlates with metastasis and poor prognosis. <h3>Methods</h3> To model this in vitro, we utilized a novel co-culture system with tumor cells, prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA)-directed CAR T cells, and polarized macrophages. To investigate the TME in vivo, we took advantage of ”humanized” MISTRG mice, which are immunocompromised mice with knocked-in human genes that support human hematopoiesis and efficient tumor-infiltration of myeloid cell populations. Humanized MISTRG mice were intratibially engrafted with LAPC9 tumor cells to model bone metastatic disease. <h3>Results</h3> We observed significant hampering of PSCA-CAR T cell activity in vitro with the presence of M2 macrophages, but not M1 macrophages, coinciding with a robust induction of PD-L1 in both tumor cells and macrophages. We also observed PD-L1 expression in tumor-associated macrophages infiltrating tumors following PSCA-CAR T cell therapy in the humanized mice. Anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies in combination with CAR-T cell therapy altered phenotype and survival of M2 macrophages, resulting in improved anti-tumor activity of PSCA-CAR T cells in the presence of M2 macrophages. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Recently, immune checkpoint (IC) blockade (ICB) has been utilized in combination with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy, with the notion that induction of immune responses with CAR T cells may instigate checkpoint pathways in immunologically cold tumors that would otherwise not respond to ICB. This study gives insights to a mechanism by which CAR T cells and ICB work in synergy to modulate immune landscape of immunologically cold tumors, and our ongoing studies will continue to elucidate the TME-mediated immunosuppression of CAR T cell therapy.
Biofilm Bormation on Titanium and Hydroxyapatite Surface using Artificial Mouth System (2013)

Biofilm formation in the oral cavity is postulated to cause oral diseases such as dental caries, periodontal diseases, and peri-implantitis etc. Recently, an artificial mouth system (AMS) was developed to study oral biofilm formation on dental materials in vitro by simulating the human oral environment. The purpose of this study was to monitor the biofilm formation on titanium (Ti) and hydroxyapatite (HA) using AMS and to evaluate the biofilm morphology by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). As bacterial strains, Streptococcus mutans (S.mutans) and Streptococcus sobrinus (S. sobrinus) were employed. The number of bacterial cells on each specimen was evaluated after 5 and 18 hours assays. The number of S. mutans cells after 18 hours was significantly higher than after 5 hours (p<0.05). No significant differences existed between Ti and HA specimens for both S. mutans and S. sobrinus cells in each assay period. The 18 hours assay specimens provided a significantly higher amount of water-insoluble glucan (WIG) by S. mutans than 5 hours specimens (p<0.05). There were no significant differences between Ti and HA in the amount of WIG in each assay period. On SEM observation, biofilm formation of S. mutants and S. sobrinus was recognized on the HA specimen surface and no distinct differences were recognized. Higher magnification observation revealed the formation of pores with a diameter of approximately 5µm. This was due to the pH decrease during biofilm formation. Ti surface could not be influenced by the decrease of pH. This was confirmed by acid etching of HA and Ti. Pores were also formed by acid etching on enamel but not on Ti. It is suggested that the formation of such pores is related with caries formation. In conclusion, biofilm formation on HA and Ti could be monitored using AMS.
Advanced Key-Management Architecture for Secure SCADA Communications (2009)

Supervisory control and data-acquisition (SCADA) systems are control systems for many national infrastructures. In the past, SCADA systems were designed without security functionality because of the closed operating environment. However, the security of SCADA systems has become an issue with connection to open networks becoming more common. Any damage to the SCADA system can have a widespread negative effect to society. In this paper, we review constraints and security requirements for SCADA systems and then investigate whether the existing key-management protocols for the SCADA systems satisfy these requirements. Afterward, we propose an advanced key-management architecture fitted for secure SCADA communications. The contributions of our work are two-fold. First, our scheme supports both message broadcasting and secure communication. Second, by evenly spreading much of the total amount of computation across high power nodes (MTU or SUB-MTU), our protocol avoids any potential performance bottleneck of the system while keeping the burden on low power nodes (RTU) at minimal.
A phase 2 trial of pomalidomide and dexamethasone rescue treatment in patients with AL amyloidosis (2017)

Immunomodulatory drugs are active agents in light-chain (AL) amyloidosis. However, previous studies could not show a survival advantage for patients with AL amyloidosis responding to salvage treatment with pomalidomide. In this phase 2 trial, we assessed the safety and efficacy of pomalidomide and dexamethasone (PDex) in patients with AL amyloidosis who were previously exposed to bortezomib, alkylators, and other immunomodulatory drugs. Twenty-eight patients were enrolled. Three patients received pomalidomide 2 mg/d with no dose-limiting toxicity. The remaining patients received 4 mg/d. Pomalidomide was administered continuously and dexamethasone was given once per week at a dose of 20 or 40 mg. Fifteen patients experienced grade 3 to 4 adverse events; the most common were fluid retention and infection. Hematologic response was observed in 68% of patients (very good partial response or complete response in 29%), as well as improved survival. Median time to response was 1 month. PDex is a rapidly active regimen and improves survival in responding, heavily pretreated patients with AL amyloidosis. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01510613.
Radiometric calibration of the MOMS-2P camera (1998)

For the radiometric calibration of the MOMS-2P camera on board of the Russian MIR-station an inflight sun calibration method using a diffuser plate in front of the optics is applied. By tilting the diffuser plate by 20 degrees with respect to the entrance optics the direct sunlight is reflected into the optics. Prior to the absolute radiometric calibration of every pixel the image has to be corrected for relative radiometric disturbances along the scan lines. The reasons are the odd/even effect and the CCD typical non-uniformity. To correct for these effects relative calibration tables, derived from the diffuser plate calibration, are applied to the image. The applicability and stability of these tables is only given to an accuracy of about 1-2% in the nominal case. Therfore the remaining disturbances, probably caused by deficiencies of the internal electronic amplifier circuits and temperature variations, are removed using empirical methods. To correct for these random type of image failures, a digital filter in the spatial domain was developed. It is based on an averaging technique that acts in a large kernel size. Since there seems not to be complete linearity for very high and very low brightness levels, these levels have to be excluded from the averaging procedure. The image contrast and information content is less influenced than with other known filter techniques. In this paper the procedure to derive the level L1A Data in shown. After correcting for the relative radiometric differences the measured solar irradiance values can also be used for absolute calibration because the extraterrestrial spectrum of the sun is very well known. The methods to derive the absolute calibration factors are described and first results are presented.
Cochlear Implantation: Minimal Hair Removal Technique (2000)

This prospective study was undertaken to evaluate the safety and patient acceptance of minimal hair removal during cochlear implantation. Forty‐six consecutive patients (17 adults, 29 children; age range 13 months to 84 years) received cochlear implantation with a minimal hair removal technique. A questionnaire was used to evaluate acceptance and value of this technique among the first 15 patients and parents. Postoperative examinations were completed 1 and 4 weeks after implantation. Patients were monitored for complications, which included 3 cases of transient seroma, 2 cases of transient dysequilibrium, 2 individual electrode failures, and 1 facial nerve stimulation. Importantly, no wound infections were documented. Use of a small shave technique did not increase surgical risk. This technique has proved to be cosmetically and psychologically more desirable for the patients and their families than complete hair removal in the operative field.
The changing usage of a mature campus-wide wireless network (2004)

Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) are now commonplace on many academic and corporate campuses. As "Wi-Fi" technology becomes ubiquitous, it is increasingly important to understand trends in the usage of these networks.This paper analyzes an extensive network trace from a mature 802.11 WLAN, including more than 550 access points and 7000 users over seventeen weeks. We employ several measurement techniques, including syslogs, telephone records, SNMP polling and tcpdump packet sniffing. This is the largest WLAN study to date, and the first to look at a large, mature WLAN and consider geographic mobility. We compare this trace to a trace taken after the network's initial deployment two years ago.We found that the applications used on the WLAN changed dramatically. Initial WLAN usage was dominated by Web traffic; our new trace shows significant increases in peer-to-peer, streaming multimedia, and voice over IP (VoIP) traffic. On-campus traffic now exceeds off-campus traffic, a reversal of the situation at the WLAN's initial deployment. Our study indicates that VoIP has been used little on the wireless network thus far, and most VoIP calls are made on the wired network. Most calls last less than a minute.We saw greater heterogeneity in the types of clients used, with more embedded wireless devices such as PDAs and mobile VoIP clients. We define a new metric for mobility, the "session diameter." We use this metric to show that embedded devices have different mobility characteristics than laptops, and travel further and roam to more access points. Overall, users were surprisingly non-mobile, with half remaining close to home about 98% of the time.
Binary Search in Secure Computation (2022)

Binary search is one of the most popular algorithms in computer science. Realizing it in the context of secure multiparty computation which demands data-oblivious execution, however, is extremely non-trivial. It has been previously implemented only using oblivious RAM (ORAM) for secure computation and in this work we initiate the study of this topic using conventional secure computation techniques based on secret sharing. We develop a suite of protocols with different properties and of different structure for searching a private dataset of m elements by a private numeric key. Our protocols result in O(m) and O( m) communication using only standard and readily available operations based on secret sharing. We further extend our protocols to support write operations, namely, binary search that obliviously updates the selected element, and realize two variants: updating non-key fields and updating the key field. Our implementation results indicate that even after applying known and our own optimizations to the fastest ORAM constructions, our solutions are faster than optimized ORAM schemes for datasets of up to 2 30 elements and by up to two orders of magnitude. We hope that this work will prompt further interest in seeking efficient realizations of this important problem.
Current prevalence of HTLV‐1 in Japan as determined by screening of blood donors (2011)

Human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1), a major source of adult T-cell leukemia and related diseases, is endemic to southwestern Japan. Mother-to-infant transmission via breast milk is an important route of infection, and establishing programs to prevent such transmission requires exact figures on the HTLV-1 prevalence rate and the number of carriers. Therefore, the seroprevalence of HTLV-1 among 1,196,321 Japanese first-time blood donors from 2006 to 2007 was investigated. A total of 3,787 of such donors were confirmed to be positive for anti-HTLV-1 antibody. By applying a fitness curve to the age ranges outside the blood donor age range, the present number of HTLV-1 carriers covering ages from 0 to 99 years was estimated to be at least 1.08 million in Japan; this value was 10% lower than that reported in 1988. The adjusted overall prevalence rates were estimated to be 0.66% and 1.02% in men and women, respectively. The peak in carrier numbers was found among individuals in their 70s, which is a shift from the previous peak observed in the 1988 database among individuals in their 50s. Carriers were distributed not only in the endemic southwestern region of Japan, but throughout the country, particularly in the greater Tokyo metropolitan area. By applying population projections, it was calculated that the carrier number will decrease by half in the next two decades; however, the carrier population will age over that interval, meaning that the age of patients with adult T-cell leukemia will also be higher.
Inhibition of Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase/Tryptophan 5-Monooxygenase Activation Protein Zeta (YWHAZ) Overcomes Drug Resistance and Tumorigenicity in Ovarian Cancer (2018)

Our results have led to new insights into the essential role of YWHAZ in the regulation of tumourigenesis, stem-like traits, and drug resistance in ovarian cancer, thereby helping to identify a potential target for ovarian cancer therapy.
The jaundiced newborn. Understanding and managing transitional hyperbilirubinemia. (2002)

Neonatal jaundice is one of the most common conditions diagnosed by the pediatrician. This normally benign transitional phenomenon is a dynamic balance between the production and elimination of bilirubin. These processes can be exacerbated by a number of pathophysiologic conditions, which cause either an increase in bilirubin production rates, such as hemolysis, or a decrease in bilirubin elimination rates, such as bilirubin conjugation defects. The most dangerous circumstance for an infant is the combination of increased bilirubin production with impaired elimination. These infants are at considerable risk for developing excessive and potentially dangerous hyperbilirubinemia and subsequent kernicterus. Therefore, the importance of early recognition of the imbalance is paramount. In this review, we will discuss the various risk factors associated with hyperbilirubinemia and describe strategies for the diagnosis and management of transitional hyperbilirubinemia.
Nuclear physics midterm plan at Legnaro National Laboratories (LNL) (2023)

Abstract The next years will see the completion of the radioactive ion beam facility SPES (Selective Production of Exotic Species) and the upgrade of the accelerators complex at Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare – Legnaro National Laboratories (LNL) opening up new possibilities in the fields of nuclear structure, nuclear dynamics, nuclear astrophysics, and applications. The nuclear physics community has organised a workshop to discuss the new physics opportunities that will be possible in the near future by employing state-of-the-art detection systems. A detailed discussion of the outcome from the workshop is presented in this report.
Analysis of the Genome Sequence ofLactobacillus gasseriATCC 33323 Reveals the Molecular Basis of an Autochthonous Intestinal Organism (2008)

This study presents the complete genome sequence of Lactobacillus gasseri ATCC 33323, a neotype strain of human origin and a native species found commonly in the gastrointestinal tracts of neonates and adults. The plasmid-free genome was 1,894,360 bp in size and predicted to encode 1,810 genes. The GC content was 35.3%, similar to the GC content of its closest relatives, L. johnsonii NCC 533 (34%) and L. acidophilus NCFM (34%). Two identical copies of the prophage LgaI (40,086 bp), of the Sfi11-like Siphoviridae phage family, were integrated tandomly in the chromosome. A number of unique features were identified in the genome of L. gasseri that were likely acquired by horizontal gene transfer and may contribute to the survival of this bacterium in its ecological niche. L. gasseri encodes two restriction and modification systems, which may limit bacteriophage infection. L. gasseri also encodes an operon for production of heteropolysaccharides of high complexity. A unique alternative sigma factor was present similar to that of B. caccae ATCC 43185, a bacterial species isolated from human feces. In addition, L. gasseri encoded the highest number of putative mucus-binding proteins (14) among lactobacilli sequenced to date. Selected phenotypic characteristics that were compared between ATCC 33323 and other human L. gasseri strains included carbohydrate fermentation patterns, growth and survival in bile, oxalate degradation, and adhesion to intestinal epithelial cells, in vitro. The results from this study indicated high intraspecies variability from a genome encoding traits important for survival and retention in the gastrointestinal tract.
ChemInform Abstract: ELEKTRON‐KERN‐DOPPELRESONANZ UND ESR‐UNTERSUCHUNGEN VON MIT VITAMINEN K UND E VERWANDTEN SEMICHINONEN (1970)

Abstract ENDOR‐Spektren der Semichinone von (I) und (II) werden untersucht.
Continuous Flow Mucosal Cells for Measuring the in-Vitro Permeability of Small Tissue Samples (1997)

Continuous-flow chambers are described for the measurement of permeability of small tissue samples. The design incorporates a large-capacity donor chamber to permit adequate loading of the applied compound and a low-volume (0.3 mL) receiving chamber that ensures rapid removal of penetrant at relatively low (1.5 mL/h or less) pumping rates. Different sized support disks allow tissue biopsies as small as 4 mm in diameter to be utilized. Comparisons of flux and permeability constants (Kp) for water across oral mucosa indicate that there was no significant difference between values obtained for 10- and 4-mm biopsies. Comparisons of flux and Kp values for porcine oral mucosa and a synthetic membrane between continuous flow and conventional, side-by-side chambers indicated that the latter values were significantly lower, suggesting stasis and inefficient removal of perfusate in the side-by-side design. The Kp values for water obtained in the continuous-flow chambers with pig skin were similar to those published elsewhere for human skin.