gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Functional and Anatomic Correlates of Two Frequently Observed Temporal Lobe Seizure‐Onset Patterns (2000)

Intracranial depth electrode EEG records of 478 seizures, recorded in 68 patients undergoing diagnostic monitoring with depth electrodes, were evaluated to investigate the correlates of electrographic onset patterns in patients with temporal lobe seizures. The seizure onsets in 78% of these patients were identified as either hypersynchronous onsets, beginning with low-frequency, high-amplitude spikes, or low-voltage fast (LVF) onsets, increasing in amplitude as the seizure progressed. The number of patients (35) having hypersynchronous seizure onsets was nearly twice that of patients (18) having LVF onsets. Three major differences were seen among patients with the two seizure-onset patterns. When compared with patients having LVF onsets, patients with hypersynchronous seizure onsets had a significantly greater probability of having (1) focal rather than regional seizure onsets (p < 0.01), (2) seizures spreading more slowly to the contralateral mesial temporal lobe (p < 0.003), and (3) cell counts in resected hippocampal tissue showing greater neuronal loss (p < 0.001). The results provide evidence that the most frequent electrographic abnormality associated with mesial temporal seizures is local hypersynchrony, a condition associated with major neuronal loss in the hippocampus. The results also indicate that LVF seizure onsets more frequently represent widely distributed discharges, which interact with and spread more rapidly to surrounding neocortical areas.
Pixels2Pose: Super-resolution time-of-flight imaging for 3D pose estimation (2022)

Single-photon-sensitive depth sensors are being increasingly used in next-generation electronics for human pose and gesture recognition. However, cost-effective sensors typically have a low spatial resolution, restricting their use to basic motion identification and simple object detection. Here, we perform a temporal to spatial mapping that drastically increases the resolution of a simple time-of-flight sensor, i.e., an initial resolution of 4 × 4 pixels to depth images of resolution 32 × 32 pixels. The output depth maps can then be used for accurate three-dimensional human pose estimation of multiple people. We develop a new explainable framework that provides intuition to how our network uses its input data and provides key information about the relevant parameters. Our work greatly expands the use cases of simple single-photon avalanche detector time-of-flight sensors and opens up promising possibilities for future super-resolution techniques applied to other types of sensors with similar data types, i.e., radar and sonar.
Towards an idiotype vaccine against mammary tumors. Induction of an immune response to breast cancer‐associated antigens by anti‐idiotypic antibodies (1988)

Previously we have reported on the production of two sets of human monoclonal antibodies reacting with mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) and human mammary tumor virus (HuMTV) cross-reacting antigens. B11 is a monoclonal IgG generated by the human-human hybridoma technique using axillary lymph node of breast cancer patients. 4.6/6 is a monoclonal IgG established by the mouse-human hybridoma procedure using peripheral blood lymphocytes of a healthy investigator working with the breast cancer cell line T47D which secretes HuMTV antigens. Two anti-idiotypic (Id) antibodies were produced by immunizing rabbits with B11 or 4.6/6. Following exhaustive adsorption on unrelated human-Ig, fetal calf serum and purification on B11 or 4.6/6 affinity columns, the anti-Id antibodies were shown to react specifically with their respective Id. The binding of these anti-Id antibodies to the respective Id was specifically inhibited by prior incubation of the Id with MMTV and/or HuMTV antigens. Rabbit anti-B11 and rabbit anti-4.6/6 anti-Id antibodies were employed to immunize female C3Heb mice. Following immunizations, humoral and cellular immune responses to MMTV-related antigens could be demonstrated. The sera of the mice contained anti-MMTV antibodies and delayed-type hypersensitivity was specifically expressed when irradiated cells of the Mm5MT line (which carry surface MMTV antigens) were injected. Our results support the notion that anti-Id antibodies harboring the internal image can immunize animals against tumor cells bearing on their surface viral-associated antigens.
Experimental ulceration leads to sequential expression of spasmolytic polypeptide, intestinal trefoil factor, epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor alpha mRNAs in rat stomach (1995)

A model of gastric ulceration in the rat has been used to determine the expression of four messenger RNAs (mRNAs) encoding peptides considered to play active parts in the healing response. The trefoil peptides, rat spasmolytic polypeptide (rSP) and rat intestinal trefoil factor (rITF), along with epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor alpha (TGF alpha) were the molecules studied. Ulceration was caused under anaesthesia by brief application of a liquid nitrogen-filled cryoprobe to the gastric serosal surface and RNA expression was monitored over the next 10 days. Each mRNA was quantified by ribonuclease protection assay, and mRNAs encoding rSP and rITF were localized within tissue sections by hybridization in situ with 35S antisense riboprobes. Ulceration induced the very rapid expression of first rSP and then rITF mRNA, whereas the mRNAs encoding EGF and TGF alpha increased at later times, with maxima recorded at 3 and 6 days, respectively. Hybridization in situ detected extensive rSP mRNA expression in the regenerative epithelia. The pronounced, but temporally different patterns of mRNA induction after ulceration suggest that the trefoil peptides may fulfil different and more immediate roles than the more 'traditional' healing proteins EGF and TGF alpha.
Intracellular Traffic of Oligodeoxynucleotides In and Out of the Nucleus: Effect of Exportins and DNA Structure (2010)

The delivery of oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) into cells is widely utilized for antisense, antigene, aptamer, and similar approaches to regulate gene and protein activities based upon the ODNs' sequence-specific recognition. Short pieces of DNA can also be generated in biological processes, for example, after degradation of viral or bacterial DNA. However, the mechanisms that regulate intracellular trafficking and localization of ODNs are not fully understood. Here we study the effects of major transporters of microRNA, exportin-1 (Exp1) and exportin-5 (Exp5), on the transport of single-stranded ODNs in and out of the nucleus. For this, we employed a fluorescent microscopy-based assay to quantitatively measure the redistribution of ODNs between the nucleus and cytoplasm of live cells. By measuring the fluorescent signal of the nuclei we observed that after delivery into cells via cationic liposomes ODNs rapidly accumulated inside nuclei. However, after removal of the ODN/liposome containing media, we found re-localization of ODNs from the nuclei to cytoplasm of the cells over the time course of several hours. Downregulation of the Exp5 gene by siRNA resulted in a slight increase of ODN uptake into the nucleus, but the kinetics of ODN efflux to the cytoplasm was not affected. Inhibition of Exp1 with leptomycin B somewhat slowed down the clearance of ODNs from the nucleus; however, within 6 hours most of the ODN were still being cleared form the nucleus. ODNs that could form intramolecular G-quadruplex structures behaved differently. They also accumulated in nuclei, although at a lesser extent than unstructured ODN, but they remained there for up to 20 hours after transfection, causing significant cell death. We conclude that Exp1 and Exp5 are not the major transporters of our ODNs out of the nucleus, and that the transport of ODNs is strongly affected by their secondary structure.
INFECCIÓN POR VIRUS DE LA HEPATITIS C EN LA UNIDAD DE DIÁLISIS (2011)

<span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;">La hepatitis C, identificada en 1989, constituye un serio problema de salud, del que se conoce poco<sup>1</sup>, aunque ha sido objeto de investigación en todas las latitudes del planeta. Se estima que unas 170 millones de personas estén infectadas en todo el mundo, por lo que puede considerarse una pandemia viral<sup>2<span class="GramE">,3</span></sup>, con una prevalencia muy variable.</span>
Algorithms for Q-ary Error-Correcting Codes with Partial Feedback and Limited Magnitude (2019)

Berlekamp and Zigangirov completely determined the capacity error function for binary error correcting codes with noiseless feedback. It is still an unsolved problem if the upper bound for the capacity error function in the non-binary case of Ahlswede, Lebedev, and Deppe is sharp. We consider channels with limited magnitude and feedback. For several classes of these channels we completely determine the capacity error function. All our algorithms do not use all the feedback immediately. Furthermore, a special case of the problem is equivalent to Shannons zero-error problem.
Integrated circuit security (2009)

In this paper, we present new threats to the security of integrated circuits (ICs) and outline a new solution.
An introduction to multivariate probabilistic forecast evaluation (2021)

Probabilistic forecasting is becoming increasingly important for a wide range of applications, especially for energy systems such as forecasting wind power production. A need for proper evaluation of probabilistic forecasts follows naturally with this, because evaluation is the key to improving the forecasts. Although plenty of excellent reviews and research papers on probabilistic forecast evaluation already exist, we find that there is a need for an introduction with some practical application. In particular, many forecast scenarios in energy systems are inherently multivariate, and while univariate evaluation methods are well understood and documented, only limited and scattered work has been done on their multivariate counterparts. This paper therefore contains a review of a selected set of probabilistic forecast evaluation methods, primarily scoring rules, as well as practical sections that explain how these methods can be calculated and estimated. In three case studies featuring simple autoregressive models, stochastic differential equations and real wind power data, we implement, apply and discuss the logarithmic score, the continuous ranked probability score and the variogram score for forecasting problems of varying dimension. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of the three scoring rules are highlighted, and this provides a significant step towards deciding on an evaluation method for a given multivariate forecast scenario including forecast scenarios relevant for energy systems.
Controlling Interfacial Recombination in Aqueous Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells by Octadecyltrichlorosilane Surface Treatment (2014)

A general and convenient strategy is proposed for enhancing photovoltaic performance of aqueous dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) through the surface modification of titania using an organic alkyl silane. Introduction of octadecyltrichlorosilane on the surface of dyed titania photoanode as an organic barrier layer leads to the efficient suppression of electron recombination with oxidized cobalt species by restricting access of the cobalt redox couple to the titania surface. The champion ODTS-treated aqueous DSCs (0.25 mM ODTS in hexane for 5 min) exhibit a V(oc) of 821±4 mV and J(sc) of 10.17±0.21 mA cm(-2), yielding a record PCE of 5.64±0.10%. This surface treatment thus serves as a promising post-dye strategy for improving the photovoltaic performance of other aqueous DSCs.
Shielding design and detection of neutrons from medical and industrial electron accelerators - Accuracy evaluation of simple calculation method by neutron measurement. (1986)

The accuracy of new simple method of design calculation for neutron shielding in medical and industrial electron accelerator facilities, described in the preceding paper, is investigated in this work by comparing with the measured data in the actual facilities. For this comparison, several published data which have been measured in medical electron accelerator facilities were used, and in industrial facilities the measurement was performed in this work with a neutron dose equivalent meter. From the comparison of measured and calculated neutron dose equivalents, it was confirmed that this simple design method has sufficiently good accuracy.
Nonisotopic ELISA-based detection of human papillomavirus-amplified DNA. (1997)

The polymerase chain reaction is being increasingly used for human papillomavirus (HPV) detection in routine diagnostics and in research. Recently, a nonisotopic, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based sandwich capture hybridization assay was introduced as a commercial kit. This hybrid capture system can be used directly on extracted DNA or on polymerase chain reaction products. The latter approach, the SHARP Signal System, uses the consensus primers MY09/MY11, MY11 being biotinylated at its 5' end. We applied the SHARP Signal System to 72 neutral-buffered, formaldehyde-fixed, cervical biopsy specimens to assess the sensitivity and specificity of the kit compared with an earlier established, highly sensitive HPV detection method, GP+/GP6+ and single-stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP). With the MY09/MY11/SHARP Signal System, 38% of the cases proved positive and with GP5+/GP6+/SSCP, 35%. Correlation of the two methods was 94% for the negative and positive cases and 100% for low- and high-risk HPV. We concluded that the MY09/MY11/ SHARP Signal System is suitable for amplified HPV DNA detection in research and for clinical purposes.
Localization of Cortical Phase and Amplitude Dynamics during Visual Working Memory Encoding and Retention (2011)

Several studies show that the amplitudes of human brain oscillations are modulated during the performance of visual working memory (VWM) tasks in a load-dependent manner. Less is known about the dynamics and identities of the cortical regions in which these modulations take place, and hence their functional significance has remained unclear. We used magnetoencephalography and electroencephalography together with minimum norm estimate-based source modeling to study the dynamics of ongoing brain activity during a parametric VWM task. Early stimulus processing and memory encoding were associated with a memory load-dependent spread of neuronal activity from occipital to temporal, parietal, and frontal cortical regions. During the VWM retention period, the amplitudes of oscillations in theta/alpha- (5-9 Hz), high-alpha- (10-14 Hz), beta- (15-30 Hz), gamma- (30-50 Hz), and high-gamma- (50-150 Hz) frequency bands were suppressed below baseline levels, and yet, in frontoparietal regions, load dependently strengthened. However, in occipital and occipitotemporal structures, only beta, gamma, and high-gamma amplitudes were robustly strengthened by memory load. Individual behavioral VWM capacity was predicted by both the magnitude of the N1 evoked response component in early visual regions and by the amplitudes of frontoparietal high-alpha and high-gamma band oscillations. Thus, both early stimulus processing and late retention period activities may influence the behavioral outcome in VWM tasks. These data support the notion that beta- and gamma-band oscillations support the maintenance of object representations in VWM whereas alpha-, beta-, and gamma-band oscillations together contribute to attentional and executive processing.
Preparation and crystallization of human flap endonuclease FEN-1 in complex with proliferating-cell nuclear antigen, PCNA (2003)

Flap endonuclease-1 (FEN-1) is a structure-specific nuclease that removes 5'-overhanging flaps in DNA repair and replication. FEN-1 binds proliferating-cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), a DNA-clamp protein, when processing Okazaki fragments during lagging-strand DNA synthesis. Here, the crystallization of the complex between human FEN-1 and PCNA is reported. The crystals were found to belong to space group P2(1)2(1)2(1), with unit-cell parameters a = 82.2, b = 143.4, c = 246.7 A, and contained one complex in the crystallographic asymmetric unit. A diffraction data set was collected to a resolution of 3.0 A.
<p>PARP Inhibitors in Metastatic Prostate Cancer: Evidence to Date</p> (2020)

Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) are a unique class of antineoplastic agents that function by inducing synthetic lethality. Synthetic lethality occurs when PARPi and either another agent or an underlying genetic alteration together lead to overwhelming DNA damage and ultimately cell death. PARPi first showed promise as a cancer therapy in patients with <i>BRCA1/2</i> mutations and have become part of standard treatment for breast and ovarian cancer. In prostate cancer, two PARPi, rucaparib and olaparib, have been FDA approved for the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). While both agents are approved for tumors with <i>BRCA1/2</i> alterations, for olaparib the indication is also expanded to patients with 12 other homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) gene alterations including <i>ATM</i> and <i>PALB2</i>. PARPi differ in their pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, and additional studies are being conducted with niraparib, veliparib, and talazoparib in prostate cancer. While PARPi are fairly well tolerated, common toxicities include hematologic (anemia/thrombocytopenia) and gastrointestinal effects (nausea/vomiting). Ongoing studies are being conducted combining PARPi with other agents in patients with and without HRD alterations. Early data are promising for the combination of PARPi with second-generation antiandrogens and with immunotherapy. As additional trials are developed and reported, the hope is that the patient population who may benefit from PARPi will continue to expand.
Fermi-Gamow-Teller Mixing in the Allowed Isospin-Hindered Positron Decay ofCo56 (1982)

A new high-precision measurement of the asymmetry coefficient, ${A}_{\ensuremath{\beta}}$, for the positron decay of polarized $^{56}\mathrm{Co}$ is reported: ${A}_{\ensuremath{\beta}}=+0.359\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.009$. If one assumes the $V\ensuremath{-}A$ form of the weak interaction and time-reversal invariance, the Fermi-Gamow-Teller mixing ratio, $y=\frac{{C}_{V}{M}_{F}}{{C}_{A}{M}_{\mathrm{GT}}}$, is then -0.091\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.005. Since $y$ is nonzero and isospin is not conserved, $^{56}\mathrm{Co}$ ${\ensuremath{\beta}}^{+}$ decay is a good candidate for sensitive time-reversal invariance tests of the weak interaction.
Low temperature synthesis of heterostructures of transition metal dichalcogenide alloys (WxMo1-xS2) and graphene with superior catalytic performance for hydrogen evolution (2017)

Large-area ($\sim$cm$^2$) films of vertical heterostructures formed by alternating graphene and transition-metal dichalcogenide(TMD) alloys are obtained by wet chemical routes followed by a thermal treatment at low temperature (300 $^\circ$C). In particular, we synthesized stacked graphene and W$_x$Mo$_{1-x}$S$_2$ alloy phases that were used as hydrogen evolution catalysts. We observed a Tafel slope of 38.7 mV dec$^{-1}$ and 96 mV onset potential (at current density of 10 mA cm$^{-2}$) when the heterostructure alloy is annealed at 300 $^o$C. These results indicate that heterostructure formed by graphene and W$_{0.4}$Mo$_{0.6}$S$_2$ alloys are far more efficient than WS$_2$ and MoS$_2$ by at least a factor of two, and it is superior than any other reported TMD system. This strategy offers a cheap and low temperature synthesis alternative able to replace Pt in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Furthermore, the catalytic activity of the alloy is stable over time, i.e. the catalytic activity does not experience a significant change even after 1000 cycles. Using density functional theory calculations, we found that this enhanced hydrogen evolution in the W$_x$Mo$_{1-x}$S$_2$ alloys is mainly due to the lower energy barrier created by a favorable overlap of the d-orbitals from the transition metals and the s-orbitals of H$_2$, with the lowest energy barrier occurring for W$_{0.4}$Mo$_{0.6}$S$_2$ alloy. Thus, it is now possible to further improve the performance of the "inert" TMD basal plane via metal alloying, in addition to the previously reported strategies of creation of point defects, vacancies and edges. The synthesis of graphene/W$_{0.4}$Mo$_{0.6}$S$_2$ produced at relatively low temperatures is scalable and could be used as an effective low cost Pt-free catalyst.
Erratum: Raman spectroscopy of single-domain multiferroicBiFeO3[Phys. Rev. B81, 064110 (2010)] (2010)

The original manuscript gives assignment of all A 1 LO and ETO phonon modes and the lowest-frequency A 1 TO mode in bismuth ferrite BiFeO 3 single crystal. The scattering geometry for observing A 1 TO modes is YZZY . However, the room-temperature spectrum in this orientation was quite weak, and the peaks appeared as shoulders over the strong Rayleigh scattering. Therefore, A 1 TO modes could not be extracted accurately due to heavily dominating Rayleigh scattering. At least two of the three higher-frequency A 1 TO modes 127, 168, and 212 cm -1 marked with "?" in Fig. The alteration rule follows from the requirement that the poles and zeroes of the dielectric constant along a given axis of any medium must necessarily alternate.
Forecasting for Network Management with Joint Statistical Modelling and Machine Learning (2022)

—Forecasting is a task of ever increasing importance for the operation of mobile networks, where it supports anticipatory decisions by network intelligence and enables emerging zerotouch service and network management models. While current trends in forecasting for anticipatory networking lean towards the systematic adoption of models that are purely based on deep learning approaches, we pave the way for a different strategy to the design of predictors for mobile network environments. Specifically, following recent advances in time series prediction, we consider a hybrid approach that blends statistical modelling and machine learning by means of a joint training process of the two methods. By tailoring this mixed forecasting engine to the specific requirements of network traffic demands, we develop a Thresholded Exponential Smoothing and Recurrent Neural Network (TES-RNN) model. We experiment with TESRNN in two practical network management use cases, i.e., (i) anticipatory allocation of network resources, and (ii) mobile traffic anomaly prediction. Results obtained with extensive traffic workloads collected in an operational mobile network show that TES-RNN can yield substantial performance gains over current state-of-the-art predictors in both applications considered.
Nuclear/cytoplasmic localization of the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor gene product is determined by cell density. (1996)

The product of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene, the gene inactivated in VHL disease and in sporadic clear-cell renal carcinomas, has recently been shown to have as a functional target the transcription elongation complex, elongin (also called SIII). Here it is shown that there is a tightly regulated, cell-density-dependent transport of VHL into and/or out of the nucleus. In densely grown cells, the VHL protein is predominantly in the cytoplasm, whereas in sparse cultures, most of the protein can be detected in the nucleus. We have identified a putative nuclear localization signal in the first 60 and first 28 amino acids of the human and rat VHL protein, respectively. Sequences in the C-terminal region of the VHL protein may also be required for localization to the cytosol. These findings provide the initial indication of a novel cell density-dependent pathway that is responsible for the regulation of VHL cellular localization.