gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Charge Exchange Cross Sections for Helium Ions in Gases (1958)

The charge exchange cross sections have been determined for a helium ion beam in several stopping gases. The cross sections for electron loss by a fast helium atom (${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{01}$) and for electron capture by an ion (${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{10}$) are reported for energies between 4 and 200 kev. The target gases studied were hydrogen, helium, nitrogen, oxygen, neon, and argon. ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{01}$ increases monotonically throughout the energy range for all gases studied, obtaining values of ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ at 200 kev. In all stopping gases except helium, ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{10}$ passes through a maximum of approximately 3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}16}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ near 50 kev, whereas for helium this cross section decreases throughout the energy range as expected for the resonant exchange reaction. Evidence is presented that the metastable excited state of the helium atom is of importance in the charge exchange process.
Formation of self-assembled Ag nanoparticles on DNA chains with enhanced catalytic activity (2013)

Self-assembled Ag NPs on DNA chains were synthesized using a simple photochemical technique. The size of the individual Ag NPs and their average diameter on the DNA chains can be tuned just by controlling the various reaction parameters. The average diameter of the self-assembled Ag NPs on DNA chains were varied in the 20-75 nm range, whereas the average diameters of the individual Ag NPs can be varied in the 5-15 nm range. The nominal length of the DNA chains self-assembled by Ag NPs can be extended to a few microns. The present process does not need any external reducing agent like sodium borohydride or hydrazine or others, and DNA itself can act in a dual role: a 'reducing agent' and a 'stabilizing agent' for the formation of DNA-Ag NPs colloidal dispersion. The synthesized DNA-Ag NPs were well characterized by UV-Vis, EDS, TEM, XRD, XPS, and FT-IR analyses. The self-assembled Ag NPs on DNA chains were found to have good catalytic activity towards the reduction of aromatic nitro compounds. The potentiality of the DNA-Ag NPs as catalyst was tested both in solution and after depositing over solid substrate as thin films. The synthesized Ag NPs on DNA were found to be extremely stable for a period of six months under ambient conditions while kept inside a refrigerator. This pronounced catalytic activity of the material might be useful for future applications in a variety of organic and inorganic catalysis reactions and in SERS-based detection of environmentally important bio-molecules and in sensors.
<title>PDT with ALA/PPIX enhanced by prolonged light exposure putatively by targeting mitochondria</title> (1997)

The synthesis of protoporphyrin IX (PPIX), a photosensitizer, occurs in the mitochondria of cells. Continuous light exposure activates the PPIX while it still resides in the mitochondria. The mitochondria are especially sensitive sites for lethal damage. In tissue culture experiments, cells were treated by PDT in two ways: (1) the cells were preloaded with PPIX by overnight incubation in medium containing ALA then exposed to light for various time periods, and (2) cells were not preloaded but rather were placed in medium containing ALA at the start of light exposure. Light exposure was 100 mW/cm<SUP>2</SUP>. After exposure the cells were plated and incubated for seven days to watch for colony formation. The results of experiment 1 showed that in preloaded cells, the large amount of PPIX that accumulates was easily photobleached in just 5 minutes which yielded a drop in cell survival to a level of 2 percent. Further light exposure up to an hour had no additional effect on cell survival. But when light exposure was continued past one hour, cell survival began to drop again. The results of experiment 2 showed that light exposure had no effect in the first hour, but thereafter continued exposure caused continued exponential drop in cell survival. In both experiments, cell survival dropped to 1/e its value for every 8 minutes of continued light exposure.
Vitamin D Toxicity (2020)

Fortification of food products with vitamin D was central to the eradication of rickets in the early parts of the 20th century in the United States. In the subsequent almost 100 years since, accumulating evidence has linked vitamin D deficiency to a variety of outcomes, and this has paralleled greater public interest and awareness of the health benefits of vitamin D. Supplements containing vitamin D are now widely available in both industrialized and developing countries, and many are in the form of unregulated formulations sold to the public with little guidance for safe administration. Together, this has contributed to a transition whereby a dramatic global increase in cases of vitamin D toxicity has been reported. Clinicians are now faced with the challenge of managing this condition that can present on a spectrum from asymptomatic to acute life-threatening complications. This article considers contemporary data on vitamin D toxicity, and diagnostic and management strategies relevant to clinical practice.
Selective IgM deficiency: a case study. (1981)

We experienced an 85-year-old male patient with selective IgM deficiency. The average levels of his serum immunoglobulins were as follows: IgG, 1,165 mg/dl, IgA 280 mg/dl, and IgM 17 mg/dl. The subpopulations of peripheral blood lymphocytes in this patient were normal, including normal numbers of IgM-bearing lymphocytes. Normal amounts of cells with cytoplasmic IgM were induced by in vitro addition of pokeweek mitogen, and no inhibitory cells or inhibitory factors for in vitro production of IgM were demonstrated in his blood. These results suggest that some defects similar to those in patients with selective IgA deficiency may play a role in the development of selective IgM deficiency.
Self-sustained pulsation in 650 nm band AlGaInP visible-laser diodes with highly doped saturable absorbing layer (1995)

650-nm band self-sustained-pulsing AlGaInP laser diodes having very low intensity noise characteristics were successfully demonstrated by adopting novel structure, which has highly doped saturable absorbing layer for the first time. Short carrier lifetime, which is indispensable for self-sustained pulsation, was realized by applying high doping to the absorbing layer. 500-μm-long devices with the lasing wavelength of 656 mm were fabricated, resulting in the threshold current of 65 mA at room temperature. The relative intensity noise (RIN) was below -138 dB/Hz in the temperature ranging from 20-50/spl deg/C at 5 mW.
Gradient Index Lenses Made by Double Ion Exchange Process (1987)

Gradient index (GRIN) rod lenses with parabolic index profiles have a variety of application including imaging systems and optical communication systems. 1) There are a number of techniques that could be used for making these radial gradients in the glass. Ion exchange is probably the most widely and successfully used technique in the fabrication of GRIN rod lens for optical communication applications, because it is the simplest in terms of instrumentation and control. In conventional ion exchange techniques, T1 ions in a glass rod are exchanged for K or Na ions in a molten salt. 2,3) There appears to be some problems in T1 ions, namely high toxicity and low diffusion rate in the glass. Ag ions also offer great potential for making large numerical aperture lenses because of their high refractive index in the glass. However, silver oxide cannot be introduced into the glass in significant quantities by melting.
Are Metastases Really Hypovascular in the Arterial Phase? (2007)

Contrary to popular belief based on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging studies, most hepatic metastases, including those thought to be hypovascular, show transient arterial hypervascularity on contrast-enhanced ultrasonography, followed by rapid and complete wash-out initiated within the conventional arterial phase.
Efficient coordination of swarms of sensor-laden balloons for persistent,in situ, real-time measurement of hurricane development (2016)

Accurate long-term forecasts of the path and intensity of severe hurricanes are imperative to protect property and save lives. Extensive real-time measurements within hurricanes, especially near their core, are essential for supplementing the limited relevant information accessible by satellites in order to improve such forecasts. Current operational methods for obtaining in situ information, such as dropsondes and repeated manned and unmanned aircraft flights over and within hurricanes, are both expensive and limited in duration. In the present work it is demonstrated by numerical experiments how a swarm of robust, inexpensive, buoyancy-controlled, sensor-laden balloons might be deployed and controlled in an energetically efficient, coordinated fashion, for days at a time, to continuously monitor relevant properties (pressure, humidity, temperature, and wind speed) of a hurricane as it develops. Rather than fighting its gale-force winds, the strong and predictable stratification of these winds is leveraged to efficiently disperse the balloons into a favorable time-evolving distribution. An iterative bootstrap approach is envisioned in which (a) sensor balloons are used to help improve the available computational estimate of the uncertain and underresolved flow field of the hurricane and (b) this (imprecise) estimate of the hurricane flow field is leveraged to improve the distribution of the sensor balloons, which then better facilitates (a), etc. The control approach envisioned in this ambitious effort is a combination of (centrally computed) model predictive control for coordination at the largest scales, which is the focus of the present paper, coupled with a feedback control strategy (decentrally computed, on the balloons themselves), for smaller-scale corrections. Our work indicates that, following such an approach, certain target orbits of interest within the hurricane can be continuously sampled by some balloons, while others make repeated sweeps between the eye and the spiral rain bands.Received 26 July 2016DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevFluids.1.060507©2016 American Physical Society*This invited paper is based on an invited lecture given by Thomas Bewley at the 68th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Fluid Dynamics, which was held 22–24 November 2015 in Boston (MA), USA.Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)Research AreasAtmospheric fluid dynamicsStratified geophysical flowsFluid Dynamics
Improved performance of amorphous silicon thin film transistors by cyanide treatment (2001)

We have examined the impact of a simple, wet chemical postgrowth treatment of “immersing in KCN solution” on the performance of inverted staggered amorphous silicon n-channel thin film transistors. Results show that the cyanide treatment significantly improves the overall transistor performance by the elimination of defect states.
Images Detection and Diagnosis of Corona Discharge on Porcelain Insulators at 22.9kV D/L (2007)

This study investigated detection of corona discharge on porcelain insulators at 22.9kV D/L. It carried out an experiment and an actual measurement about corona detection using a UV-camera. It was possible to detect an ultraviolet (240~320nm) of corona discharge on porcelain insulators before the infrared generation due to joule's heat or visible ray. The step of the said inspection standards is applied with 65% of humidity, and it is required to apply them a lot more severely in the areas where more saturated humidity exists all the time. Namely, in case that the UV images detected from the areas with 65% of humidity are used as data and their neighboring environments change and more than 80% of humidity is saturated, it is very advisable to replace them in the Inspection step. This experiment and inspection would need to respect the above criteria. It was required to verify various experimental conditions and on-site inspection afterwards, but it was believed to minimize the measurement error by data-basing research results in a continuous manner and it was necessary to establish diagnosis technologies and standards in various electrical power facilities.
IL-15-dependent balance between Foxp3 and RORγt expression impacts inflammatory bowel disease (2016)

The ability of CD4+ T cells to change their phenotype and to specialize into different functional subsets may enhance the risk of autoimmune diseases. Here we investigate how a pleiotropic cytokine interleukin (IL)-15 may modify the functional commitment of CD4+ T cells expressing the lineage-associated transcription factors: forkhead box P3 (Foxp3; Treg) and RORγt (Th17) in the context of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We demonstrate in mice that impaired delivery of IL-15 to CD4+ T cells in the colon downmodulates Foxp3 expression (diminishing STAT5 phosphorylation) and enhances RORγt expression (by upregulating the expression of Runx1). In consequence, CD4+ T cells deprived of IL-15 rapidly trigger IBD characterized by enhanced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interferon-γ, IL-6) and accumulation of Th1/Th17 cells. Overall, our findings indicate a potentially beneficial role of IL-15 in IBD by fine-tuning the balance between Treg and Th17 cells and controlling intestinal inflammation.
1-λ, 16-parallel lanes, 50-Gbaud on-off keying multi-core fiber communication directly coupled to high speed 2D-photodetector array (2019)

We present a newly developed high-speed 16-pixel photodetector array device operated at 50-Gbuad which circumvents the need for fiber splicing, including its receiving performance when coupled to 16-multi-core fibers, assuming next-generation short-range optical fiber communications.
데이터 공학 : 아웃소싱 암호화 데이터에 대한 효율적인 Top-k 질의 처리 알고리즘 (2015)

최근 다양한 분야에서 생산되는 데이터의 양이 폭발적으로 증가함에 따라 사용자가 가장 관심 있어 하는 몇 개의 데이터를 검색하는 top-k 질의에 대한 관심이 고조되고 있다. Top-k 질의는 사용자의 점수 함수를 이용하여, 사용자가 원하는 모든 조건을 만족시키는 데이터들 중에서 최상위 (또는 최하위) 점수를 가지는 k개의 데이터를 사용자에게 반환한다. 최근 들어 클라우드 컴퓨팅 서비스의 대중화로 인하여 사용자의 대용량 데이터를 클라우드에 아웃소싱하여 경제적으로 저장 및 관리하는 데이터 아웃소싱이 크게 주목받고 있다. 그러나 데이터 아웃소싱으로 인하여 사용자의 민감한 데이터가 클라우드 서비스 제공자에게 노출될 수 있다는 위험이 존재하며, 이러한 문제를 방지하기 위해서는 사용자의 민감한 데이터를 암호화하여 클라우드에 저장하는 것이 필수적으로 요구된다. 본 논문은 클라우드 컴퓨팅 환경에서 암호화된 데이터에 대한 top-k 질의를 효율적으로 처리하는 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안되는 알고리즘은 순서보존 암호화 기법을 이용하여, 암호화된 데이터만을 대상으로 top-k 질의 결과에 포함되지 않을 것으로 예상되는 중간 결과들을 클라우드 내에서 미리 제거함으로써 효율적인 top-k 질의 처리가 가능하게 한다. 논문의 실험 결과는 제안된 top-k 질의 처리 알고리즘이 단순 방법과 비교하여 사용자 시스템의 부하를 10배～10000배 줄일 수 있음을 증명한다.
Admm-Based Audio Reconstruction For Low-Cost-Sound-Monitoring (2018)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Kos island, Greece, 2017
A rare cause of ischemic chest pain: Congenital Ostial Atresia of the right coronary artery (2014)

Introduction The prevalence of congenital coronary anomalies is reported in about 0.5% to 1.5% of patients undergoing coronary angiography.(1) Tüccar E. And Elhan A. Just reported coronary artery anomalies in adult Turkish population. They analysed 5000 coronary angiograms. Twenty-five (0.5%) coronary arteries with
Analog Codes for Peak-to-Average Ratio Reduction (2000)

Multi-tone modulation (DMT, Discrete Multitone, OFDM, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex) has the disadvantage of a quite high peak-toaverage ratio. Clipping of the high amplitudes caused by the analog circuitry leads to additional noise. In this contribution we show that in principal, so-called Analog Codes (Reed-Solomon Codes over complex numbers) can be used for eliminating this noise.
Production of corynecins by chloramphecicol resistant mutants of Corynebacterium hydrocarboclastus. (1974)

The isolation of chloramphenicol resistant strains from Corynebacterium hydrocarboclastus KY 4334 (rough type) was examined to seek a good source of corynecins (analogs of chloramphenicol). Various mutants resistant to chloramphenicol were isolated in the range from 50 to 1000μg/ml by adaptation or induced mutagenesis by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitro-soguanidine. Productivities of mutants related apparently to the degree of resistance from 50 to 500μg/ml. Highly resistant mutants capable of growing in the presence of 1000μg of chloramphenicol per ml showed decreased productivity which might be related to their lower growth rate in the fermentation medium. Further attempts to derive resistant mutants to structural analogs of aromatic amino acids resulted in only a slight improvement of productivity, indicating that aromatic amino acids might play minor regulatory roles in corynecins synthesis. The increase in productivity of corynecins by the best strain was about 4.5 fold of the parental strain.
Dissolution Behavior of Uranium Oxides with Supercritical CO2 Using HNO3-TBP Complex as a Reactant. (2001)

Dissolution behavior of U3O8 and UO2 using supercritical CO2 medium containing HNO3-TBP complex as a reactant was studied. The dissolution rate of the oxides increased with increasing the HNO3/TBP ratio of the HNO3-TBP complex and the concentration of the HNO3-TBP complex in the supercritical CO2 phase. A remarkable increase of the dissolution rate was observed in the dissolution of U3O8 when the HNO3/TBP ratio of the reactant was higher than ca. 1, which indicates that the 2:1 complex, (HNO3)2TBP, plays a role in facilitating the dissolution of the oxides. Half-dissolution time (t½ ) as an indication of the dissolution kinetic was determined from the relationship between the amount of uranium dissolved and the dissolution time (dissolution curve). A logarithmic value of a reciprocal of the t½ was proportional to the logarithmic concentration of HNO3, CHNO3, in the supercritical CO2. The slopes of the (l/t½ ) vs. ln CHNO3 plots for U3O8 and UO2 were different from each other, indicating that the reaction mechanisms or the rate-determining steps for the dissolution of U3O8 and UO2 are different. A principle of the dissolution of uranium oxides with the supercritical CO2 medium is applicable to a method for the removal of uranium from solid matrices.
Diagnosis of A Novel Variant of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Infection in a Bull (2000)

Bovine viral diarrhea virus BVDV is economically devastating to the beef and dairy industries in most parts of the world, and diagnosing variant strains of BVDV can challenge the practitioner. Being aware of available diagnostic tests and their limitations will aid in making an accurate diagnosis.
Managing Stormwater in the Kangaroo Bay Rivulet Catchment, Hobart (2001)

A stormwater management plan was prepared for the partially urbanised 1,137 ha Kangaroo Bay Rivulet catchment in the City of Clarence in Tasmania to demonstrate the assessment, selection, concept design and method of implementation of a range of measures to improve stormwater management. No previous studies of drainage or flooding issues in the Kangaroo Bay Rivulet catchment were found in Council's records. Consequently, assessments were undertaken of the performance of local drainage, the trunk drain (Kangaroo Bay Rivulet) and of stormwater quality. The linked assessments are outlined, including: (i) Detailed local drainage system investigations of two subcatchments (one residential and one mixed residential/commercial) using the XP-RatHGL package and identification of augmentation works required to meet the designated drainage acceptance criteria; (ii) A trunk drainage assessment involving a catchment hydrological analysis using the XP-RAFTS rainfall /runoff model and hydraulic analysis using the XP-SWMM (EXTRAN) flood routing model to determine design flood levels in Kangaroo Bay Rivulet and to assess suitable options to address flooding problems; (iii) A catchment based water quality assessment using the XP-AQUALM water quality model to assess the improvement in downstream water quality that could be achieved by constructing ponds/wetlands; and (iv) An assessment of the amount of stormwater that could be harvested from pond(s)/wetland(s) for local re-use in an average and a dry rainfall year respectively. It is concluded that the stormwater management plan that was prepared for the Kangaroo Bay Rivulet is an excellent example of the range of detailed assessments that may need to be undertaken when preparing a comprehensive plan that responds to local drainage, flooding and water quality issues of concern and stormwater reuse opportunities in an urban catchment.
Bioproduction of porphyrins, phycobilins, and their proteins using microbial cell factories: engineering, metabolic regulations, challenges, and perspectives (2023)

Porphyrins, phycobilins, and their proteins have abundant π-electrons and strongly absorb visible light, some of which bind a metal ion in the center. Because of the structural and optical properties, they not only play critical roles as an essential component in natural systems but also have attracted much attention as a high value specialty chemical in various fields, including renewable energy, cosmetics, medicines, and foods. However, their commercial application seems to be still limited because the market price of porphyrins and phycobilins is generally expensive to apply them easily. Furthermore, their petroleum-based chemical synthesis is energy-intensive and emits a pollutant. Recently, to replace petroleum-based production, many studies on the bioproduction of metalloporphyrins, including Zn-porphyrin, Co-porphyrin, and heme, porphyrin derivatives including chlorophyll, biliverdin, and phycobilins, and their proteins including hemoproteins, phycobiliproteins, and phytochromes from renewable carbon sources using microbial cell factories have been reported. This review outlines recent advances in the bioproduction of porphyrins, phycobilins, and their proteins using microbial cell factories developed by various microbial biotechnology techniques, provides well-organized information on metabolic regulations of the porphyrin metabolism, and then critically discusses challenges and future perspectives. Through these, it is expected to be able to achieve possible solutions and insights and to develop an outstanding platform to be applied to the industry in future research.
Purification and Properties of Polysaccharide Depolymerase Associated with Phage-infected Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1968)

Abstract A polysaccharide depolymerase was purified 1,688-fold from crude lysates produced by the propagation of a specific bacteriophage in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Conventional methods of protein fractionation were employed, namely, salting out with ammonium sulfate, Sephadex gel filtration, and high speed centrifugation. The purified depolymerase behaves as a single entity when tested by electrophoresis in acrylamide gel. On the basis of gel filtration data the molecular weight was estimated to be 180,000. Maximal enzymatic activity was found at pH 7.5.
NEUCOMP2- PARALLEL NEURAL NETWORK COMPILER (2015)

A parallel neural network compiler (NEUCOMP2) for a shared-memory parallel machine has been implemented by introducing parallelism in NEUCOMP. The parallel routine detects the program loops of the sequential version generated by NEUCOMP, undergoing analysis of the data dependences and transforms it into a parallel version. Experiments were carried out to study the performance of the NEUCOMP2 programs for the backpropagation network. NEUCOMP2 was developed
Image analysis for magnetic resonance elastography (2002)

A newly developed magnetic resonance imaging technique can directly visualize propagating acoustic strain waves in tissue-like materials. By estimating the local wavelength of the acoustic wave pattern, quantitative values of shear modulus can be calculated and images generated that depict tissue elasticity or stiffness. Since tumors are significantly stiffer than normal tissue (the basis of their detection by palpation), this technique may have potential for "palpation by imaging", with possible application to the detection of tumors in breast, liver, kidney, and prostate. We describe the local wavelength estimation algorithm and show a variety of sample "elastograms"-images of elasticity-for both test phantoms and tissue samples.