gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Emricasan (IDN‐6556) Lowers Portal Pressure in Patients With Compensated Cirrhosis and Severe Portal Hypertension (2018)

Caspases play a central role in apoptosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. They produce hemodynamically active, proinflammatory microparticles that cause intrahepatic inflammation, vasoconstriction, and extrahepatic splanchnic vasodilation. Emricasan is a pan-caspase inhibitor that lowers portal hypertension (PH) and improves survival in murine models of cirrhosis. This exploratory study assessed whether emricasan lowers PH in patients with compensated cirrhosis. This multicenter, open-label study enrolled 23 subjects with compensated cirrhosis and PH (hepatic vein pressure gradient [HVPG] >5 mm Hg). Emricasan 25 mg twice daily was given for 28 days. HVPG measurements were standardized and performed before and after emricasan. A single expert read all HVPG tracings. Median age was 59 (range 49-80); 70% were male. Cirrhosis etiologies were nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatitis C virus. Subjects were Child class A (87%) with a median Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score of 8 (range 6-15). Twelve had severe PH (HVPG ≥12 mm Hg). Overall, there was no significant change in HVPG after emricasan (mean [standard deviation, SD] -1.1 [4.57] mm Hg). HVPG decreased significantly (mean [SD] -3.7[4.05] mm Hg; P = 0.003) in those with severe PH: 4/12 had a ≥20% decrease, 8/12 had a ≥10% decrease, and 2/12 HVPG decreased below 12 mm Hg. There were no significant changes in blood pressure or heart rate. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) decreased significantly in the entire group and in those with severe PH. Serum cleaved cytokeratin 18 and caspase-3/7 decreased significantly. Emricasan was well tolerated. One subject discontinued for nonserious adverse events. Conclusion: Emricasan administered for 28 days decreased HVPG in patients with compensated cirrhosis and severe PH; an effect upon portal venous inflow is likely, and concomitant decreases in AST/ALT suggest an intrahepatic anti-inflammatory effect.
Coronary angioplasty through 4 french diagnostic catheters (1993)

In 50 consecutive patients subjected to coronary angioplasty immediately following a 4 French (F) diagnostic study, the technical feasibility and economical aspects of angioplasty through 4F catheters of 54 lesions were assessed. The patients were selected, but multiple, eccentric, and long lesions were not a priori excluded. 4F diagnostic catheters (Cordis), and fixed-wire dilatation catheters (Ace, Scimed) were used in all cases. The procedure was successful in 43 lesions (80%) using 4F catheters. For 11 stenoses (20%), a change over to a larger French size was required. Two of these lesions could not be crossed with the balloon despite the larger sized guiding catheter. The final overall success rate was 96%, and there were no major complications. The use of diagnostic 4F catheters for angioplasty in these 50 patients resulted in the saving of 39 guiding catheters and 19 introducer sheaths. For 12 lesions (22%), an additional 4F catheter became necessary since the shape used for the diagnostic study was inadequate for angioplasty. In 7 cases, more than 1 balloon was used, but 5 of these balloon exchanges were independent of the use of 4F catheters. Three exchanges were performed through the 4F catheter (1 for need of a larger balloon to improve on an unsatisfactory angiographic result and 2 for a crimped guide wire tip of the Ace balloon). In the remaining 4, a larger catheter was used; in 2 of them, angioplasty eventually failed (failure to cross lesion) and in the remaining 2, a Monorail system solved the problem, which is incompatible with 4F catheters.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Implant Treatment in Atrophic Posterior Mandibles: Vertical Regeneration with Block Bone Grafts Versus Implants with 5.5-mm Intrabony Length (2014)

When residual bone height over the mandibular canal is between 7 and 8 mm, short implants (with 5.5-mm intrabony length) might be a preferable treatment option over vertical augmentation, reducing chair time, expense, and morbidity.
Turbofan rotor/stator interaction noise reduction through trailing edge blowing (1998)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1998.
Insect-Repellent and Mosquitocidal Effects of Noreremophilane- and Nardoaristolone-Based Compounds (2019)

Here, we disclose novel mosquito-repellent synthetic hydrindanes based on noreremophilanes and nardoaristolone B which show increased activity against adult females of Aedes aegypti. The noreremophilanes and nardoaristolone B with hydrindane skeleton are structurally related to nootkatone with decalin skeleton, a well-studied natural product extracted from a grape fruit. Out of our library of compounds synthesized based on the noreremophilanes and nardoaristolone B scaffolds, NDS-100598 (compound 20) exhibits higher repellent and knock-down effects at a very low concentration (0.25 mg/cm2), while a few analogues showed considerably enhanced activity compared to racemic nootkatone. This is the first report documenting insect-repellent and knock-down activity of the noreremophilanes class of compounds.
In vitro suppression of fungi caused by combinations of apparently non-antagonistic soil bacteria (2006)

We hypothesized that apparently non-antagonistic soil bacteria may contribute to suppression of fungi during competitive interactions with other bacteria. Four soil bacteria (Brevundimonas sp., Luteibacter sp., Pedobacter sp. and Pseudomonas sp.) that exhibited little or no visible antifungal activity on different agar media were prescribed. Single and mixed strains of these species were tested for antagonism on a nutrient-poor agar medium against the plant pathogenic fungi Fusarium culmorum and Rhizoctonia solani and the saprotrophic fungus Trichoderma harzianum. Single bacterial strains caused little to moderate growth reduction of fungi (quantified as ergosterol), most probably due to nutrient withdrawal from the media. Growth reduction of fungi by the bacterial mixture was much stronger than that by the single strains. This appeared to be mostly due to competitive interactions between the Pseudomonas and Pedobacter strains. We argue that cohabitation of these strains triggered antibiotic production via interspecific interactions and that the growth reduction of fungi was a side-effect caused by the sensitivity of the fungi to bacterial secondary metabolites. Induction of gliding behavior in the Pedobacter strain by other strains was also observed. Our results indicate that apparently non-antagonistic soil bacteria may be important contributors to soil suppressiveness and fungistasis when in a community context.
Bridging physiological and evolutionary time scales in a gene regulatory network (2013)

Gene regulatory networks (GRN) govern phenotypic adaptations and reflect the trade-offs between physiological responses and evolutionary adaptation that act at different time scales. To identify patterns of molecular function and genetic diversity in GRNs, we studied the drought response of the common sunflower, Helianthus annuus, and how the underlying GRN is related to its evolution. We examined the responses of 32,423 expressed sequences to drought and to abscisic acid and selected 145 co-expressed transcripts. We characterized their regulatory relationships in nine kinetic studies based on different hormones. From this, we inferred a GRN by meta-analyses of a Gaussian graphical model and a random forest algorithm and studied the genetic differentiation among populations (FST) at nodes. We identified two main hubs in the network that transport nitrate in guard cells. This suggests that nitrate transport is a critical aspect of sunflower physiological response to drought. We observed that differentiation of the network genes in elite sunflower cultivars is correlated with their position and connectivity. This systems biology approach combined molecular data at different time scales and identified important physiological processes. At the evolutionary level, we propose that network topology could influence responses to human selection and possibly adaptation to dry environments.
Production of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor by human amniotic membranes and regulation of its concentration in amniotic fluid (2001)

Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) is a potent inhibitor of human leukocyte elastase. SLPI is a protein found in various human fluids, including parotid secretions, cervical mucus, seminal plasma and ascites. Western blot analysis revealed that SLPI protein is detected as a 12 kDa band in both the amniotic fluid and the amniotic membrane. The amniotic fluid concentrations of SLPI were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. SLPI concentrations in the amniotic fluid of women in the third trimester were higher than those in the second trimester. Immunohistochemistry using an anti-SLPI polyclonal antibody revealed positive staining in epithelial cells in amniotic membranes. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that SLPI transcripts could be detected in the amniotic membranes. To determine the mechanism of SLPI production by amniotic cells, purified amniotic cells were stimulated with various cytokines. Amniotic cells produced SLPI in a dose-dependent manner when stimulated with interleukin (IL)-1alpha, IL-1beta, and tumour necrosis factor-alpha. The present findings show that SLPI is produced by the amniotic membranes in response to cytokine concentrations. The SLPI in the amniotic fluid may contribute to immunodefence mechanisms during pregnancy.
Supplementary Figure 8 from EWS/FLI1 Regulates EYA3 in Ewing Sarcoma via Modulation of miRNA-708, Resulting in Increased Cell Survival and Chemoresistance (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 17K, Relapse-free survival curve comparing patients with both low miR-708 and high EYA3 versus all others&lt;/p&gt;
INTRAMOLECULAR DYNAMICS OF AROMATIC DIMERS (1982)

The formation of dimers between the aromatic molecules s-tetrazine and benzene has been observed in supersonic jet expansions by high resolution laser induced fluorescence excitation spectroscopy (preceding abstract). Energy redistribution within the excited electronic states of these dimers was monitored by dispersed emission following selective vibronic excitation. In principle, three processes should be observable with increasing vibrational excitation: 1) intra-ring vibrational relaxation, 2) intering electronic energy transfer, 3) photodissociation into monomer units. In practice, all three are observed only in the T-shapes s-tetrazine dimer; inter-ring electronic energy transfer is energetically prohibited in the s-tetrazine-benzene complex and unobservable in the planar s-tetrazine complex. The energy required for photo dissociation establishes a firu upper limit to the excited state binding energy of the T-shaped s-tetradine dimer of $1590 cm^{-1}$ and that of the s-tetrazine-benzene dimer of $1420 cm^{-1}$. The dissociation rate of the T-shaped s-tetrazine dimer is estimated to be roughly $2 \times 10^{7} s^{-1}$ by using simultaneously observed direct emission from the complex as an internal clock. An RRKM estimate of the dissociation rate suggests that $1590 cm^{-1}$ is very near threshold, implying that the lack of dissociation at $1405 cm^{-1}$ above the origin places a lower limit on the binding energy of the T-shaped s-tetrazinc dimer.
Effects of simulated quarter and udder teat cup removal settings on strip milk and milking duration in dairy cows (2020)

The aim of this study was to estimate the amount of milk left in quarters and udders and the milking duration for a variety of teat cup removal strategies. A combination of empirical data and simulated quarter and udder teat cup removal settings were used to make these estimates. Milking duration is an important factor in both automatic and conventional milking systems because it directly influences milking efficiency and hence can affect farm profitability. Strategies investigated in the literature to reduce milking duration include the application of different milk flow rate switch-points (milk flow rate at which the milking unit or teat cup is removed). Applying these milk flow rate switch-points can affect the amount of milk that is not harvested (strip milk). We are not aware of previous research analyzing strip milk yield and milking duration at the quarter level, across a range of quarter and udder milk flow rate switch-points. Quarter-level average milking duration decreased by 2 min, and strip milk increased 1.3 kg as quarter milk flow rate switch-point was increased from 0.2 kg/min to 1.0 kg/min. Using an end of milking criterion of removal of the teat cup at 50% of the quarter's rolling average milk flow rate resulted in a 0.4-min reduction in milking duration and a 0.08-kg increase in strip milk per quarter, compared with removal of the teat cup at 30% of the quarter's rolling average milk flow rate. Udder-level average milking duration decreased by 1.4 min, and strip milk increased by 0.76 kg (0.19 kg per quarter) as udder milk flow rate switch-point was increased from 0.2 kg/min to 1.0 kg/min. A 0.8-min reduction in cow milking duration and a 0.27-kg increase in strip milk at the udder level (0.08 kg per quarter) resulted when changing udder milk flow rate switch-point from 30% of the udder rolling average to 50% of the udder rolling average milk flow rate. This study provides quantitative estimates of the effect of teat cup milk flow rate switch-points on milking duration and strip milk yield.
Camera Control in Three Dimensions with a Two-Dimensional Input Device (2000)

Abstract We implement a variety of operations to control a virtual camera using a two-dimensional modal input device, such as a standard three-button mouse. The operations offer control of position, orientation, zoom, and a separate scaling parameter for the view of the world. All operations are designed to be easy to use for the end user, but we also designed for ease of implementation for the programmer.
Evaluating Climate Variability of the Canonical Hot-Jupiters HD 189733b and HD 209458b through Multi-epoch Eclipse Observations (2020)

Abstract Here we present the analysis of multi-epoch secondary eclipse observations of HD 189733b and HD 209458b as a probe of temporal variability in the planetary climate using both Spitzer channels 1 and 2 (3.6 and 4.5 μ m). We expect hot-Jupiter atmospheres to be dynamic environments exhibiting time varying weather. However, it is uncertain to what extent temporal variability will be observable when considering disk integrated observations. We do not detect statistically significant variability and are able to place useful upper limits on the infrared variability amplitudes in these atmospheres. There are very few planets with multi-epoch observations at the required precision to probe variability in dayside emission. The observations considered in this study span several years, providing insight into temporal variability at multiple timescales. In the case of HD 189733b, the best-fit eclipse depths for the channel 2 observations exhibit a scatter of 102 ppm about a median depth of 1827 ppm and in channel 1 exhibit a scatter of 88 ppm about a median depth of 1481 ppm. For HD 209458b, the best-fit eclipse depths for the channel 2 observations exhibit a scatter of 22 ppm about a median depth of 1406 ppm, and in channel 1 exhibit a scatter of 131 ppm about a median depth of 1092 ppm. The precision and scatter in these observations allow us to constrain variability to less than (5.6% and 6.0%) and (12% and 1.6%) for channels (1, 2) of HD 189733b and HD 209458b, respectively.
Deformable models with parameter functions for cardiac motion analysis from tagged MRI data (1996)

The authors present a new method for analyzing the motion of the heart's left ventricle (LV) from tagged magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. Their technique is based on the development of a new class of physics-based deformable models whose parameters are functions. They allow the definition of new parameterized primitives and parameterized deformations which can capture the local shape variation of a complex object. Furthermore, these parameters are intuitive and require no complex post-processing in order to be used by a physician. Using a physics-based approach, the authors convert the geometric models into dynamic models that deform due to forces exerted from the datapoints and conform to the given dataset. The authors present experiments involving the extraction of the shape and motion of the LV's mid-wall during systole from tagged MRI data based on a few parameter functions. Furthermore, by plotting the variations over time of the extracted LV model parameters from normal and abnormal heart data along the long axis, the authors are able to quantitatively characterize their differences.
Immunopathogenetic Aspects of Disease Induced by Helminth Parasites (1997)

Just as the magnitude of the growth and developmental problems attributable to human helminthiasis are being fully realized, we are able for the first time to describe defined immune responses giving rise to the pathological lesions seen. On the basis of the different sets of cytokines produced by CD4+ T cells, these responses can be classified acc
Photographing Beavers (1927)

Photographing Beavers Get access Tappan Gregory Tappan Gregory Chicago, Illinois Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Mammalogy, Volume 8, Issue 2, May 1927, Pages 119–122, https://doi.org/10.2307/1373645 Published: 01 May 1927
Production of Protocatechuic Acid from p -Hydroxyphenyl (H) Units and Related Aromatic Compounds Using an Aspergillus niger Cell Factory (2021)

Protocatechuic acid (3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid) is a chemical building block for polymers and plastics. In addition, protocatechuic acid has many properties of great pharmaceutical interest. Much research has been performed in creating bacterial protocatechuic acid production strains, but no protocatechuic acid-producing fungal cell factories have been described. The filamentous fungus Aspergillus niger can produce protocatechuic acid as an intermediate of the benzoic acid metabolic pathway. Recently, the <i>p</i>-hydroxybenzoate-<i>m</i>-hydroxylase (<i>phhA</i>) and protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase (<i>prcA</i>) of A. niger have been identified. It has been shown that the <i>prcA</i> deletion mutant is still able to grow on protocatechuic acid. This led to the identification of an alternative pathway that converts protocatechuic acid to hydroxyquinol (1,3,4-trihydroxybenzene). However, the gene involved in the hydroxylation of protocatechuic acid to hydroxyquinol remained unidentified. Here, we describe the identification of protocatechuate hydroxylase (decarboxylating) (PhyA) by using whole-genome transcriptome data. The identification of <i>phyA</i> enabled the creation of a fungal cell factory that is able to accumulate protocatechuic acid from benzyl alcohol, benzaldehyde, benzoic acid, caffeic acid, cinnamic acid, cinnamyl alcohol, <i>m-</i>hydroxybenzoic acid, <i>p</i>-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, <i>p-</i>hydroxybenzaldehyde, <i>p</i>-hydroxybenzoic acid, <i>p</i>-anisyl alcohol, <i>p</i>-anisaldehyde, <i>p</i>-anisic acid, <i>p</i>-coumaric acid, and protocatechuic aldehyde. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> Aromatic compounds have broad applications and are used in many industries, such as the cosmetic, food, fragrance, paint, plastic, pharmaceutical, and polymer industries. The majority of aromatic compounds are synthesized from fossil sources, which are becoming limited. Plant biomass is the most abundant renewable resource on Earth and can be utilized to produce chemical building blocks, fuels, and bioplastics through fermentations with genetically modified microorganisms. Therefore, knowledge about the metabolic pathways and the genes and enzymes involved is essential to create efficient strategies for producing valuable aromatic compounds such as protocatechuic acid. Protocatechuic acid has many pharmaceutical properties but also can be used as a chemical building block to produce polymers and plastics. Here, we show that the fungus Aspergillus niger can be engineered to produce protocatechuic acid from plant-derived aromatic compounds and contributes to creating alternative methods for the production of platform chemicals. .
Chromogenic and Fluorogenic Assays for the Lactonase Activity of Serum Paraoxonases (2005)

5-Thioalkyl butyrolactones (1) are shown to be useful chromogenic/fluorogenic probes for determining lactonase activities, in particular of serum paraoxonase (PON1). These novel probes are suitable for measuring lactonase activity in complex biological samples, including sera, intact cells and cell lysates.
Enhanced Statistical Variation Method For Determining Zone Isolation In Complex Cements (1994)

ABSTRACT Complex, or non-standard, cement slurries create special, difficult cement evaluation problems which are magnified when high density drilling fluids are used. These complex slurries include lightweight cements (water-extended, ceramic bead, and nitrified cements), gas-channeled cements, multistage density cements, as well as intervals of cement that are contaminated with drilling fluid. Current cement evaluation methods, via conventional logging techniques, are based on signal amplitude, acoustic impedance, and compressive strength relationships. These properties are derived from the materials behind the pipe and interpretation methods rely on how these properties differ in fluids versus standard cement. This desired contrast is not always evident in complex cements; however, statistical variance techniques have been developed that permit accurate interpretations of zone isolation in low-density cements. This new approach to determining zone isolation in lightweight and complex cements with ultrasonic cement evaluation tools is called Statistical Variation Plot (SVP) and is based on the following two factors: Distinguishing solid materials from fluids in the casing-borehole annulusAssuming that solid material cannot be displaced during the remedial cementing operation whereas fluids may be displaced1 It will be shown that this technique is superior to conventional evaluation techniques when the acoustic properties of the cement are similar to the acoustic properties of the annular fluid.
Optics in Africa: introduction (2020)

Africa has a long history in optics, but decades of turmoil have seen optical science in Africa advance only slowly, punching far below its weight. But a younger generation of scientists hold promise for the brighter future, addressing continental issues with photonics. In this Feature Issue on Optics in Africa we capture some of the exciting optical research from across the continent in 51 research reports, covering both fundamental and applied topics. The issue is supplemented by invited review articles that offer authoritative perspectives on the historical development of key research fields, from early advances in lasers to present-day progress in photonic materials. To encourage the exploration of new research directions, the issue has several tutorial articles that lower the entry barrier for emerging researchers, while highlighting the scope of research on the continent and its international context.
Supplementary Figure Legends 1-3 from ERM/ETV5 Up-regulation Plays a Role during Myometrial Infiltration through Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Activation in Endometrial Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Figure Legends 1-3 from ERM/ETV5 Up-regulation Plays a Role during Myometrial Infiltration through Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Activation in Endometrial Cancer