gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Health Beliefs Associated with Preventive Health Behaviors for COVID-19: Findings in a Sample Drawn from a Major City in Iran (Preprint) (2020)

<sec> <title>BACKGROUND</title> Background: To date, in the absence of effective treatment and successful vaccines, the COVID-19 pandemic has become the most important threat to public health. </sec> <sec> <title>OBJECTIVE</title> Objectives: This study was conducted in Saveh city, of Iran, in 2020. Of interest were how health beliefs (taken from the Health Belief’s Model [HBM]), demographic characteristics, and general health behaviors (e.g., smoking) relate to COVID-19 preventative behaviors (e.g., hand-washing). </sec> <sec> <title>METHODS</title> Methods: In this descriptive-analytic study, a multi-stage randomized sampling method was used and 486 people (250 males and 236 females) recruited from health centers in Saveh city, Iran, participated. Data were collected through a self-administered multi‑part questionnaire, which included sociodemographic information, health behaviors, and constructs associated with HBM. Data were analyzed using independent t-tests, ANOVA, and multiple regression in SPSS version 21. </sec> <sec> <title>RESULTS</title> Results: Perceived disease susceptibility (β=0.44, p&lt;0.001), self-efficacy to enact preventative behaviors (β=0.24, p&lt;0.01), education (β=0.20, p&lt;0.001), non-smoking status (β=0.14, p&lt;0.01), marital status (β=0.10, p&lt;0.03), and perceived barriers to disease preventative behaviors (β=-0.10, p&lt;0.04) were important predictors of prevention practices for COVID-19. Perceived susceptibility, self-efficacy, barriers, and socio-demographic constructs (education, smoking, and marital status) accounted for 61.4% (adjusted R2) of the variance associated with preventive behavior for COVID-19. </sec> <sec> <title>CONCLUSIONS</title> Conclusion: To improve control strategies for the COVID-19 pandemic, public health initiatives are needed to enhance perceived susceptibility to the disease and improve self-efficacy to perform preventative behaviors in spite of perceived barriers. </sec>
Use of a Sentinel System for Field Measurements ofCryptosporidium parvumOocyst Inactivation in Soil and Animal Waste (1999)

A small-volume sentinel chamber was developed to assess the effects of environmental stresses on survival of sucrose-Percoll-purified Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in soil and animal wastes. Chambers were tested for their ability to equilibrate with external chemical and moisture conditions. Sentinel oocysts were then exposed to stresses of the external environment that affected their viability (potential infectivity), as indicated by results of a dye permeability assay. Preliminary laboratory experiments indicated that temperatures between 35 and 50 degrees C and decreases in soil water potential (-0.003 to -3.20 MPa) increased oocyst inactivation rates. The effects of two common animal waste management practices on oocyst survival were investigated on three dairy farms in Delaware County, N.Y., within the New York City watershed: (i) piling wastes from dairy youngstock (including neonatal calves) and (ii) spreading wastes as a soil amendment on an agricultural field. Sentinel containers filled with air-dried and sieved (2-mm mesh) youngstock waste or field soil were wetted and inoculated with 2 million oocysts in an aqueous suspension and then placed in waste piles on two different farms and in soil within a cropped field on one farm. Controls consisted of purified oocysts in either phosphate-buffered saline or distilled water contained in sealed microcentrifuge tubes. Two microdata loggers recorded the ambient temperature at each field site. Sentinel experiments were conducted during the fall and winter (1996 to 1997) and winter (1998). Sentinel containers and controls were removed at 2- to 4-week intervals, and oocysts were extracted and tested by the dye permeability assay. The proportions of potentially infective oocysts exposed to the soil and waste pile material decreased more rapidly than their counterpart controls exposed to buffer or water, indicating that factors other than temperature affected oocyst inactivation in the waste piles and soil. The effect of soil freeze-thaw cycles was evident in the large proportion of empty sentinel oocysts. The potentially infective sentinel oocysts were reduced to <1% while the proportions in controls did not decrease below 50% potentially infective during the first field experiment. Microscopic observations of empty oocyst fragments indicated that abrasive effects of soil particles were a factor in oocyst inactivation. A similar pattern was observed in a second field experiment at the same site.
H2 Evolution from Various Aqueous Solutions over Thermally Reduced TiO2 and Pt–TiO2 Powder (1988)

Abstract The reduction of H2O (or H+) to form H2 by reduced TiO2 and Pt–TiO2 was studied in distilled water and aqueous solutions of HCl, H2SO4, HNO3, and NaOH. Over the reduced TiO2 powder, H2 evolved moderately in distilled water and Ti3+ ions on the surface were presumed to be active sites for the reaction. The reaction in aqueous NaOH solution proceeded similarly to that in water while it was strongly suppressed in aqueous HCl and H2SO4 solutions. It was found that the suppression of H2 evolution is due to protons in the solution. Over reduced Pt–TiO2, H2 evolved rapidly from all solutions, except HNO3. In aqueous HNO3 solution, NO3− was reduced to NH3 over reduced TiO2 and Pt–TiO2.
<title>Infrared free-electron laser photoablation of diamond films</title> (2001)

We report first IR free-electron laser experiments to compare and elucidate the effects of surface-localized vibrational excitation versus bulk vibrational excitation on the ablation of polycrystalline diamond. The measured ablation yield values as a function of laser intensity indicate the existence of two separate thresholds. The lower intensity thresholds is identified as the ablation threshold, and the higher intensity threshold is associated with the formation of a plasma plume. The wavelength dependences of both thresholds indicate that eh C-H absorption occurring at surfaces and grain boundaries does not play a significant role in the ablation process. However, both thresholds are lower when the laser is resonant with the two-phonon bulk absorption band. These findings are consistent with the model that a rapid laser- induced phase transition to graphite is responsible for the low-intensity ablation of diamond at and above the first threshold.
Synthesis and Insecticidal Activities of Novel Anthranilic Diamides Containing Modified N-Pyridylpyrazoles (2010)

In order to look for novel insecticides targeting the ryanodine receptor, four new series of anthranilic diamides containing modified N-pyridylpyrazoles were designed and synthesized. All of the compounds were characterized and confirmed by (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, and HRMS. The single crystal structure of 10c was determined by X-ray diffraction. Their insecticidal activities against oriental armyworm (Mythimna separata) and diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) indicated that most of the compounds showed moderate to high activities at the tested concentration, while compound 19 showed comparable higher activity at the concentration of 0.125 mg/L. The preliminary structure-activity relationship (SAR) was discussed.
Functional Identification of Conjugation and Replication Regions of the Tetracycline Resistance Plasmid pCW3 fromClostridium perfringens (2006)

Clostridium perfringens causes fatal human infections, such as gas gangrene, as well as gastrointestinal diseases in both humans and animals. Detailed molecular analysis of the tetracycline resistance plasmid pCW3 from C. perfringens has shown that it represents the prototype of a unique family of conjugative antibiotic resistance and virulence plasmids. We have identified the pCW3 replication region by deletion and transposon mutagenesis and showed that the essential rep gene encoded a basic protein with no similarity to any known plasmid replication proteins. An 11-gene conjugation locus containing 5 genes that encoded putative proteins with similarity to proteins from the conjugative transposon Tn916 was identified, although the genes' genetic arrangements were different. Functional genetic studies demonstrated that two of the genes in this transfer clostridial plasmid (tcp) locus, tcpF and tcpH, were essential for the conjugative transfer of pCW3, and comparative analysis confirmed that the tcp locus was not confined to pCW3. The conjugation region was present on all known conjugative plasmids from C. perfringens, including an enterotoxin plasmid and other toxin plasmids. These results have significant implications for plasmid evolution, as they provide evidence that a nonreplicating Tn916-like element can evolve to become the conjugation locus of replicating plasmids that carry major virulence genes or antibiotic resistance determinants.
A VALIDATION CASE STUDY IN AFFORDANCE BASED DESIGN (2004)

In previous work the authors have explored various issues associated with the broad application of the idea of affordance to engineering design. Building on an extensive investigation of the theoretical basis for the application of affordance to design, the authors recently introduced several practical methods for using affordances in design. As with any new design method, the validity of affordance based methods is of course questionable until their efficacy has been satisfactorily shown. Building on recent work by other members of the design community, the authors have adopted a general validation strategy focused on the implementation of case studies of past documented industry design projects. Accordingly, in this paper, we explain the validation methodology implemented, and then present one case study in affordance based design: the design of the Oxo Good Grips Bottle Stopper/Opener. Key insights explained in this paper include 1) the notion of differentiating between example problems and case studies, and 2) the outputs to be expected from the execution of a design case study: namely the building of confidence in the method, advantages and disadvantages over extant methods, and feedback into the method itself.
Enhancement of RNA self‐cleavage by micellar catalysis (1999)

It has been reported recently that naturally occurring catalytic RNAs like hammerhead and hairpin ribozyme do not require metal ions for efficient catalysis. It seems that the folded tertiary structure of the RNA contributes more to the catalytic function than was initially recognized. We found that a highly specific self-cleavage reaction can occur within a small bulge loop of four nucleotides in a mini-substrate derived from Arabidopsis thaliana intron-containing pre-tRNA(Tyr) in the absence of metal ions. NH(4)(+) cations and non-ionic or zwitter-ionic detergents at or above their critical micelle concentration are sufficient to catalyze this reaction. The dependence on micelles for the reaction leads to the assumption that physical properties, i.e. the hydrophobic interior of a micelle, are essential for this self-cleavage reaction. We suggest that NH(4)(+)-ions play a crucial role for the entry of the negatively charged RNA into the hydrophobic interior of a detergent micelle. A change of the pattern of hydration or hydrogen bonds caused by the hydrophobic surrounding enhances the reaction by a factor of 100. These findings suggest that highly structured RNAs may shift pK(a) values towards neutrality via the local environment and thereby enhance their ability to perform general acid-base catalysis without the participation of metal ions.
Neural network control of a virtual vehicle (2002)

This paper describes an approach to neural network-based lateral control of an autonomous road vehicle. It discusses elements of a driving simulator, a neural network controller and some operational results. Tests demonstrate that the control system is capable of robust performance over an envelope for which training had been performed at only a sparse distribution of points.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Isolation of theLEMMI9Gene and Promoter Analysis During a Compatible Plant-Nematode Interaction (1999)

Plant-endoparasitic root-knot nematodes feed on specialized giant cells that they induce in the vascular cylinder of susceptible plants. Although it has been established that a number of plant genes change their expression pattern during giant cell differentiation, virtually no data are available about the mechanisms involved in that change. One possibility is differential promoter recognition by the transcription factor(s) responsible for the expression of specific genes. We have isolated and characterized a genomic clone from tomato containing the promoter region of LEMMI9, one of the few plant genes that have been reported to be highly expressed in galls (predominantly in giant cells). The analysis of transgenic potato plants carrying a LEMMI9 promoter-beta glucuronidase (GUS) fusion has demonstrated that the tomato promoter was activated in Meloidogyne incognita-induced galls in a heterologous system. We have located putative regulatory sequences in the promoter and have found that nuclear proteins from the galls formed specific DNA-protein complexes with the proximal region of the LEMMI9 promoter. The nuclear protein-binding sequence mapped to a region of 111 bp immediately upstream from the TATA box. This region contains a 12-bp repeat possibly involved in the formation of DNA-protein complexes, which might be related to the LEMMI9 transcriptional activation in the giant cells.
Une nouvelle approche de préparation de modèles d'analyse à partir de modèles CAO basée sur des formes caractéristiques (2005)

National audience
An Evaluation of Prototype Circuit Boards Assembled with a Sn-Ag Bi Solder (1999)

An evaluation was performed which examined the aging of surface mount solder joints assembled with 91.84Sn-3.33Ag-4.83Bi solder. Defect analysis of the as-fabricated test vehicles revealed excellent solderability, good package alignment, and a minimum number of voids. Continuous DC electrical monitoring of the solder joints did not reveal opens during as many as 10,000 thermal cycles (0 C, 100 C). The solder joints exhibited no significant degradation through 2500 cycles, based upon an absence of microstructural damage and sustained shear and pull strengths of chip capacitors and J-leaded solder joints, respectively. Thermal cycles of 5000 and 10,000 resulted in some surface cracking of the solder fillets and coatings. In a few cases, deeper cracks were observed in the thinner reaches of several solder fillets. There was no deformation or cracking in the solder located in the gap between the package I/O and the circuit board pad nor in the interior of the fillets, both locations that would raise concerns of joint mechanical integrity. A drop in the chip capacitor shear strength was attributed to crack growth near the top of the fillet.
3D small-molecule microarrays (2009)

A PEG based 3D hydrogel slide was developed specifically for small-molecule microarraying purposes, which displayed improved loading capacity, signal sensitivity and spot morphology compared with a commercially available slide and comparative 2D slide.
Evolutionary relationships in the glutathione reductase superfamily (2006)

Computational methods are used to assign functions to many of the genes discovered by the genome projects and recent studies have shown that the degree of misannotation that results may be significant. Combining independent approaches based on homology and genome context to assign overall function and extrapolate details of chemical mechanism may result in fewer misannotations. Using a “mechanistically diverse superfamily” framework, we have clustered highly divergent sequences and structures from proteins in the glutathione reductase superfamily and correlated the conserved aspects of their chemical mechanisms with invariant structural features. We have clustered 1600 superfamily sequences into 9 subgroups comprising 15 families and extrapolated chemical mechanisms for characterized members to annotate hypothetical proteins assigned to each family. Independent support for these assignments was provided from genome context and co‐evolution profiles linking uncharacterized members to characterized proteins in each family. Further, comparisons of the active sites of the structurally characterized members of the superfamily illustrate how all have retained common structural characteristics to facilitate a hydride transfer between pyridine nucleotide and FAD, despite wide divergence in overall functions. Conserved aspects of chemical mechanism have also imposed constraints on the binding configuration of cofactors in the active sites, resulting in overall structural similarities and modes of protein‐protein interaction. Funding: PhRMA postdoctoral fellowship in informatics to SO and NIH GM60595 to PCB
Cognitive Recovery During Inpatient Rehabilitation Following Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: A Pediatric Brain Injury Consortium Study (2021)

This work establishes a multicenter Pediatric Brain Injury Consortium and characterized the demographics and clinical course of cognitive recovery during inpatient rehabilitation of pediatric patients with TBI to aid in prospective study design.
DNA sequence and complementation analysis of a mutation in the rplX gene from Escherichia coli leading to loss of ribosomal protein L24 (1985)

A mutation in Escherichia coli leads to the loss of ribosomal protein L24, severely impaired growth, and a temperature-sensitive phenotype. The mutation was shown to be in rplX, the gene for protein L24, and was due to the alteration of an AAA codon to a TAA stop codon at position 61 in rplX that resulted in a 20-amino acid peptide instead of the 104 amino acids of wild-type L24 protein. rplX genes from three temperature-resistant and fast growing pseudorevertants of the mutant were cloned and sequenced. They were found to have different base substitutions in the TAA codon, resulting in the reappearance of a full-sized protein L24 moiety. Complementation of the slow growth in trans could be achieved with several plasmids containing at least the spc promoter and intact L14 and L24 genes. Plasmids containing genes distal to rplX could further stimulate growth, and the wild type arose when the entire spc operon and the alpha operon were present. In all cases, protein L24 was expressed by the plasmids. Therefore, slow growth could be explained by polarity extending to the alpha operon. However, temperature sensitivity could not be complemented by any of the plasmids in trans, although we found that this phenotype was caused by the mutation in the rplX gene.
ROOT PENETRATION INDEX 3, a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) associated with root system penetrability in Arabidopsis (2021)

Abstract Soil mechanical impedance precludes root penetration, confining root system development to shallow soil horizons where mobile nutrients are scarce. Using a two-phase-agar system, we characterized Arabidopsis thaliana responses to low and high mechanical impedance at three root penetration stages. We found that seedlings whose roots fail to penetrate agar barriers show drastic changes in shoot and root morphology, while those capable of penetrating have only minor morphological effects. The assessment of 21 Arabidopsis accessions revealed that primary root penetrability (PRP) varies widely among accessions. To search for quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated to root system penetrability, we evaluated a recombinant inbred population (RIL) derived from Landsberg erecta (Ler-0, with a high PRP) and Shahdara (Sha, with a low PRP) accessions. QTL analysis revealed a major-effect QTL localized in chromosome 3 ( q-RPI3 ), which accounted for 29.98% (LOD = 8.82) of the total phenotypic variation. Employing an introgression line (IL-321), with a homozygous q-RPI3 region from Sha in the Ler-0 genetic background, we demonstrated that q-RPI3 plays a crucial role in root penetrability. This multiscale study revels new insights into root plasticity during the penetration process in hard agar layers, natural variation and genetic architecture behind primary root penetrability in Arabidopsis. Highlight We found a wide natural variation in the capacity of Arabidopsis accessions to penetrate hard agar layers. Using a Ler-0 x Sha recombinant inbred population, a major-effect QTL ( q-RPI3 ) strongly associated with root penetrability of compact agar layers was identified.
A high-performance asynchronous SCSI controller (2002)

We describe the design of a high performance asynchronous SCSI (small computer systems interface) controller data path and the associated control circuits. The data path is an asynchronous pipeline and the control circuits for the data path are built out of extended burst-mode machines. This design is functionally compatible with a widely used commercial SCSI controller and was simulated correctly with respect to all of the applicable test vectors used for the commercial design. The technology used for this design is a 0.8 /spl mu/m CMOS standard cell. The performance is limited by the SCSI specification, not the design itself, and the area is competitive with the commercial design. This design improves the data transfer throughput by up to 2.5 times from previous work by incorporating a FIFO and a distributed control scheme based on extended burst-mode state machines.
Appearance of a Kinetic Compensation Effect in the Acid‐Catalyzed Hydrolysis of Disaccharides (1989)

ABSTRACT A kinetic compensation effect was observed for acid‐catalyzed hydrolysis of a series of disaccharides. Twelve data sets for acid hydrolysis of three disaccharides reported in the literature were analyzed and compensation parameters were determined. The results are well described by following empirical compensation expression: In k o = AE a + B with A = 1.241 and B = ‐2.317. The isokinetic temperature calculated from this compensation relationship was 132.4°C which was located beyond experimental temperature ranges.
Blocking eIF4E-eIF4G Interaction as a Strategy To Impair Coronavirus Replication (2011)

Coronaviruses are a family of enveloped single-stranded positive-sense RNA viruses causing respiratory, enteric, and neurologic diseases in mammals and fowl. Human coronaviruses are recognized to cause up to a third of common colds and are suspected to be involved in enteric and neurologic diseases. Coronavirus replication involves the generation of nested subgenomic mRNAs (sgmRNAs) with a common capped 5' leader sequence. The translation of most of the sgmRNAs is thought to be cap dependent and displays a requirement for eukaryotic initiation factor 4F (eIF4F), a heterotrimeric complex needed for the recruitment of 40S ribosomes. We recently reported on an ultrahigh-throughput screen to discover compounds that inhibit eIF4F activity by blocking the interaction of two of its subunits (R. Cencic et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 108:1046-1051, 2011). Herein we describe a molecule from this screen that prevents the interaction between eIF4E (the cap-binding protein) and eIF4G (a large scaffolding protein), inhibiting cap-dependent translation. This inhibitor significantly decreased human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) replication, reducing the percentage of infected cells and intra- and extracellular infectious virus titers. Our results support the strategy of targeting the eIF4F complex to block coronavirus infection.