gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Translocation of tyrosine-phosphorylated TCRζ chain to glycolipid-enriched membrane domains upon T cell activation (1999)

Recent studies point to glycolipid-enriched membrane (GEM) microdomains as the critical sites for TCR-mediated signal transduction. However, whether the TCR complex is localized in the GEM domain is not well-defined. In the present study, we analyzed localization of the TCR-CD3 complex in the GEM domain by isolating the GEM fraction with sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Although 10% of TCRzeta chains was localized in the GEM fraction, most of the TCR complexes were excluded from the GEM before and after T cell activation, and the amount of TCRzeta in the GEM was not increased after activation. However, the tyrosine-phosphorylated form of TCRzeta was strongly concentrated in the GEM fraction upon TCR engagement. A kinetic study revealed that tyrosine phosphorylation of TCRzeta occurred initially in the Triton X-100-soluble membrane fraction followed by the accumulation of phosphorylated TCRzeta in the GEM. Thus, these results indicate that phosphorylated TCRzeta migrates into the GEM domains on T cell activation. We speculate that the GEM microdomains may function as a reservoir of activation signals from triggered TCR.
Identification and characterization of a mosquito-specific eggshell organizing factor in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes (2019)

Mosquito-borne diseases are responsible for several million human deaths annually around the world. One approach to controlling mosquito populations is to disrupt molecular processes or antagonize novel metabolic targets required for the production of viable eggs. To this end, we focused our efforts on identifying proteins required for completion of embryonic development that are mosquito selective and represent potential targets for vector control. We performed bioinformatic analyses to identify putative protein-coding sequences that are specific to mosquito genomes. Systematic RNA interference (RNAi) screening of 40 mosquito-specific genes was performed by injecting double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) into female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. This experimental approach led to the identification of eggshell organizing factor 1 (EOF1, AAEL012336), which plays an essential role in the formation and melanization of the eggshell. Eggs deposited by EOF1-deficient mosquitoes have nonmelanized fragile eggshells, and all embryos are nonviable. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis identified that exochorionic eggshell structures are strongly affected in EOF1-deficient mosquitoes. EOF1 is a potential novel target, to our knowledge, for exploring the identification and development of mosquito-selective and biosafe small-molecule inhibitors.
Interactive Effects of Ambient Temperature and Light Sources at High Relative Humidity on Growth Performance and Blood Physiological Variables in Broilers Grown to 42 Day of Age (2016)

Objective: The objective of the study is to evaluate the interactive effects of ambient temperature and light sources at high relative humidity on growth performance and blood physiological reactions in broilers grown to 42 days of age. Methodology: The experiment consisted of two levels (Moderate = 21.1EC and high = 26.7EC) of temperatures and two light sources (ICD and PSF-LED) at high relative humidity (80%). A total of 532 1 day-old Ross 708 chicks were randomly distributed into 8 environmentally-controlled rooms (22 males and 22 females chicks per room). Feed and water were provided ad libitum. Light treatment started from 1 day, while temperature and RH were applied continuously from 22 days through 42 days. Both feed intake and birds weight were recorded on 1 and 21day (before initiation of the treatments), 28 and 42 day for the growth performance. Also, wing brachial vein blood (3 mL) samples were collected on weigh days from six (3 males/3 females) randomly selected chicks from each room. Results: Treatments with only high ambient temperature significantly (p<0.05) reduced Body Weight (BW), Body Weight Gain (BWG) and Feed Intake (FI), but no treatments effect were observed for Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) and mortality. Also, there was no effect of light sources and high humidity on all examined production variables. In addition, only treatments with high ambient temperature significantly (p<0.05) increased Hb, Hct, McHc and Osmo along with significantly (p<0.05) reduced Na + . However, light sources and high humidity had no effect on all examined blood physiological variables. All acid-base changes during these combined treatments were still within the normal acid-base homeostasis and physiological ranges. Plasma corticosterone concentrations were not affected by treatments. Conclusion: It was concluded that the LED sources evaluated in this study may be suitable for replacement of ICD light source in commercial poultry facilities along with moderate temperature with or without high relative humidity to reduce energy cost and optimize production efficiency without compromising the welfare of broilers.
Fluorodeoxyuridine uptake by human colorectal hepatic metastases after hepatic artery infusion. (1986)

Tumor response rates after hepatic regional arterial chemotherapy infusion vary from 30% to 83% with little explanation for this variability. Drug clearance by the liver and plasma drug kinetics after arterial infusion have been described, but little is known about actual tumor drug uptake. This study measured fluorodeoxyuridine (FUdR) uptake in colorectal tumors metastatic to the liver and correlated these results with radionuclide flow scans and with tumor response to treatment. In 16 patients with unresectable colorectal hepatic metastases, FUdR (1 microCi/kg) and 99mTc-macroaggregated albumin (MAA) (6 mCi) were injected at a constant rate into the hepatic artery intraoperatively after insertion of a hepatic artery catheter. Liver and tumor biopsy specimens were obtained 2 and 5 minutes after infusion. 3H counts (representing drug uptake) and 99mTc disintegrations (representing blood flow) were measured by scintillation and gamma-counting. The tumor/liver ratios of FUdR and MAA were linearly related (r = 0.73, p less than 0.001). The mean tumor FUdR level was 9.2 +/- 8.9 nmol/gm, and the mean liver FUdR level was 24.5 +/- 16.8 nmol/gm. The mean FUdR tumor/liver ratio was 0.43 +/- 0.36. The extraction of FUdR by tumor was 49%. Thus substantially more drug was taken up by the liver than by the tumor after arterial infusion. There was considerable heterogeneity in FUdR uptake and MAA retention within both tissues. Tumor uptake of drug correlated significantly with MAA retention; higher FUdR levels were seen in tumors that appeared "hot" on radionuclide arterial perfusion scans. Tumor drug uptake was independent of lesion size and percentage of liver involvement.
Tra fiorentino aureo e fiorentino cinquecentesco. Per uno studio della lingua dei lessicografi (2018)

Il contributo presenta un'analisi dettagliata sulle versioni elettroniche del "Vocabolario degli Accademici della Crusca" del 1612 con l'obiettivo di precisare, non per semplici saggi a campione, ma in modo sistematico e complessivo, la presenza della lingua dei lessicografi (e quindi riconducibile al fiorentino cinque-seicentesco) a lato del fiorentino trecentesco posto a modello. Si conclude che i lemmi non trecenteschi impiegati sono stimabili in un intervallo che va da 3.500 a 6.500. Le premesse metodologiche che precedono lo studio vero e proprio sono anche l'occasione per alcune riflessioni sull'analisi computazione dei testi e sulla necessità di un approccio nuovo, qui per la prima volta definito "quantistico"; si evidenzia infatti che i risultati, solo potenzialmente "oggettivi", sono sempre condizionati dall'architettura delle banche dati e dagli strumenti di ricerca a esse applicati (principio di indeterminazione di Heisenberg applicato alla linguistica dei corpora).
Supplementary Figure S2 from Multiple Robust Signatures for Detecting Lymph Node Metastasis in Head and Neck Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Figure S2 from Multiple Robust Signatures for Detecting Lymph Node Metastasis in Head and Neck Cancer
Advanced molecular immunoassay system for immunobiotic lactic acid bacteria using a transfectant of Toll‐like receptor 2 (2007)

ABSTRACT Toll‐like receptor 2 (TLR2) is a receptor for a variety of microbial components, and it also mediates activation signals in the cell relating to the innate immune system. In order to evaluate the precise molecular immunoregulation by various strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) via TLR2, the swine TLR2 (sTLR2)‐expressing transfectant was constructed using human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells. It is demonstrated that intact immunobiotic LAB can induce immune responses through TLR2, and that different nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) activities of various strains can be accurately detected by sTLR2‐expressing HEK293 cells. Furthermore, cellular activation of NF‐κB via TLR2 is reflected in enhanced binding and uptake of LAB. The sTLR2‐expressing HEK293 cells were also useful for characterizing the expression pattern of type I helper T (Th1) and type II helper T (Th2) cytokines by the stimulation of immunobiotic LAB. These results suggest that sTLR2‐expressing HEK293 cells may be useful in certain molecular immunoassay systems for producing new physiologically functional foods with intestinal immunomodulatory abilities, such as the maintenance of Th1/Th2 polarization.
Fixed-Time Stable Proximal Dynamical System for Solving Mixed Variational Inequality Problems (2019)

In this paper, a novel modified proximal dynamical system is proposed to compute the solution of a {mixed variational inequality problem} within a fixed time, where the time of convergence is finite, and is uniformly bounded for all initial conditions. Under the assumptions of strong monotonicity and Lipschitz continuity, it is shown that a solution of the modified proximal dynamical system exists, is uniquely determined and converges to the unique solution of the associated mixed variational inequality problem (MVIP) within a fixed time. As a special case for solving variational inequality problems, the modified proximal dynamical system reduces to a fixed-time stable projected dynamical system. Furthermore, the fixed-time stability of the modified projected dynamical system continues to hold, even if the assumptions of strong monotonicity are relaxed to that of strong pseudomonotonicity. Connections to convex optimization problems are discussed, and commonly studied dynamical systems in the continuous-time optimization literature are shown as special cases of the modified proximal dynamical system proposed in this paper. Finally, it is shown that the discretization of the proposed scheme converges to an arbitrarily small neighborhood of the solution of the associated MVIP within a fixed number of steps, independent of the initial conditions. Two numerical examples are presented, which give numerical evidence in support of the fixed-time convergent behavior of the proposed modified proximal dynamical system.
Magnetic Epoxy Resin Nanocomposites Reinforced with Core−Shell Structured Fe@FeO Nanoparticles: Fabrication and Property Analysis (2010)

Epoxy resin nanocomposites reinforced with various loadings of core−shell structured nanoparticles (Fe@FeO) are prepared using a surface wetting method. Nanoparticle loading effect on the viscosity of epoxy monomers is well-correlated to Cross’ rheological model. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) results reveal that the glass transition temperature is increased by 10 °C with the addition of nanoparticles, which is surprisingly independent of the particle loadings. The saturation magnetization (Ms) of the 20 wt % Fe@FeO/epoxy nanocomposites is 17.03 emu/g, which is about 15.8% of that of the pure nanoparticles. Meanwhile, the coercivity increases from 62.33 to 202.13 Oe after the nanoparticles are dispersed in the epoxy matrix. The electrical conductivity percolation is found to be around 5−10 wt %, where the resistance of the nanocomposites sharply decreases by 6 orders of magnitude. Thermal stability and tensile properties of the pristine epoxy and nanocomposites are also investigated in this work.
Poly(ethylene maleate)-cyclopentadiene: a model reactive polymer-vapor system for evaluation of a SAW microsensor (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPoly(ethylene maleate)-cyclopentadiene: a model reactive polymer-vapor system for evaluation of a SAW microsensorArthur. Snow and Hank. WohltjenCite this: Anal. Chem. 1984, 56, 8, 1411–1416Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00272a047https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00272a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views276Altmetric-Citations64LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effective replacement of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) by mercaptoalkanoic acids on gold nanorod (AuNR) surfaces in aqueous solutions (2019)

The highly packed cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) bilayer built up on the surface of gold nanorods (AuNRs) when synthesized by the seed-mediated procedure hampers the complete ligand exchange under experimental conditions that preserves the stability of the dispersions. In the present work, a ligand exchange protocol by using carboxy-terminated alkanethiols of different chain lengths by means of a green approach that uses only aqueous solutions is presented. The protocol is based on the knowledge of the stability in the aqueous solution of both the starting CTAB-AuNRs and the final products that help in the choice of the experimental conditions used for ligand exchange. The characterization of the CTAB protective layer as well as the study of its colloidal stability in solution has helped us to design an appropriate methodology. Cyclic voltammetry of CTAB-AuNRs demonstrates the high stability of the bilayer showing the existence of a two-dimensional phase transition from a highly ordered to a less organized phase. Other techniques such as XPS, FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy provide information about the structure of the layer and UV-visible-NIR spectroscopy establishes the stability conditions in aqueous solution. We have chosen an exchange procedure for 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) and 16-mercaptohexadecanoic acid (MHDA) based on a one-pot methodology under conditions where all the species involved are stable. The protocol, however, can be extended to different chemical functionalities that are considered useful to be applied in living systems. Under these conditions the complete exchange of CTAB by the mercaptoderivatives was successful as demonstrated by the different characterization techniques used: UV-visible-NIR, FT-IR, Raman, XPS spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
A Method for Assessing the Importance of Body Force on Flow Boiling CHF (2004)

Experiments were performed to examine the effects of body force on flow boiling CHF. FC-72 was boiled along one wall of a transparent rectangular flow channel that permitted photographic study of the vapor-liquid interface just prior to CHF. High-speed video imaging techniques were used to identify dominant CHF mechanisms corresponding to different flow orientations and liquid velocities. Six different CHF regimes were identified: Wavy Vapor Layer, Pool Boiling, Stratification, Vapor Counterflow, Vapor Stagnation, and Separated Concurrent Vapor Flow. CHF showed significant sensitivity to orientation for flow velocities below 0.2 m/s, where extremely low CHF values where measured, especially with downward-facing heated wall and downflow orientations. High flow velocities dampened the effects of orientation considerably. The CHF data were used to assess the suitability of previous CHF models and correlations. It is shown the Interfacial Lift-off Model is very effective at predicting CHF for high velocities at all orientations. The flooding limit, on the other hand, is useful at estimating CHF at low velocities and for downflow orientations. A new method consisting of three dimensionless criteria is developed to determine the minimum flow velocity required to overcome body force effects on near-saturated flow boiling CHF.
Motor neurons and Schwann cells distinguish between synaptic and extrasynaptic isoforms of laminin (1998)

Laminin is a major component of all basement membranes. However, its composition varies with location because there are numerous forms of each of the three chains (α, β, and γ) that together comprise this heterotrimeric molecule. In the neuromuscular system, motor neurons and Schwann cells encounter unique trimers of laminin at different sites. The question thus arises as to whether these local differences in laminin composition act to direct the behavior of these two classes of cells. To address this question, we compared the responses of cultured rat motor neurons and Schwann cells to three forms of rodent laminin purified in our laboratory: Laminin-1 (Lmn-1; α1β1γ1); Laminin-11 (Lmn-11), a synapse-specific isoform consisting of α5β2γ1chains; and a third preparation, a mixture of three kinds of laminin (Lmn-2/4/8), that is enriched for the α2, α4, β1, β2, and γ1 subunits. Schwann cells attached best to a substrate of Lmn-2/4/8 and showed the weakest adhesion on Lmn-11. Interestingly, no such difference was seen with motor neurons; all three substrates promoted neuronal adhesion, survival, and neurite initiation equally well. With longer time in culture, however, these embryonic motor neurons extended extremely long processes on Lmn-1 and on Lmn-2/4/8, while those on Lmn-11 bore shorter neurites with unusually large, flattened growth cones. These results demonstrate that the behavior of Schwann cells and motor neurons can be regulated directly by the local laminin composition. The precise geometric relationship of these cells at the neuromuscular junction may therefore reflect the unique composition of laminin at this synapse. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Neurobiol 37: 339–358, 1998
The single-channel properties of human acetylcholine α7 receptors are altered by fusing α7 to the green fluorescent protein (2002)

Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine (AcCho) receptors composed of alpha7-subunits (alpha7-AcChoRs) are involved in many physiological activities. Nevertheless, very little is known about their single-channel characteristics. By using outside-out patch-clamp recordings from Xenopus oocytes expressing wild-type (wt) alpha7-AcChoRs, we identified two classes of channel conductance: a low conductance (gamma(L)) of 72 pS and a high one (gamma(H)) of 87 pS, with mean open-times (tau(op)) of 0.6 ms. The same classes of conductances, but longer tau(op) (3 ms), were seen in experiments with chimeric alpha7 receptors in which the wtalpha7 extracellular C terminus was fused to the green fluorescent protein (wtalpha7-GFP AcChoRs). In contrast, channels with three different conductances were gated by AcCho in oocytes expressing alpha7 receptors carrying a Leu-to-Thr 248 mutation (mutalpha7) or oocytes expressing chimeric mutalpha7-GFP receptors. These conductance levels were significantly smaller, and their mean open-times were larger, than those of wtalpha7-AcChoRs. Interestingly, in the absence of AcCho, these oocytes showed single-channel openings of the same conductances, but shorter tau(op), than those activated by AcCho. Accordingly, human homomeric wtalpha7 receptors open channels of high conductance and brief lifetime, and fusion to GFP lengthens their lifetime. In contrast, mutalpha7 receptors open channels of lower conductance and longer lifetime than those gated by wtalpha7-AcChoRs, and these parameters are not greatly altered by fusing the mutalpha7 to GFP. All this evidence shows that GFP-tagging can alter importantly receptor kinetics, a fact that has to be taken into account whenever tagged proteins are used to study their function.
Line end optimization through optical proximity correction (OPC): a case study (2006)

Device performance is highly associated with the line end performance of critical layers. Poly line end shortening (LES) or bridging can result in leakage or short circuit. Model-based optical proximity correction (OPC) prioritized to fit one-dimensional pitch structures can also improve two-dimensional line end performance. However, it may still fail without meeting the line end bridging margin or minimum line end length requirements. A leakage problem has been observed, when poly gate line end shortening occurs, following the use of an OPC recipe chosen to be a compromise for the line end bridging problem. In this paper, several approaches related to OPC are studied on poly layer, in terms of line end bridging margin and line end shortening, to optimize line end performance. The OPC minimum external constraint is optimized to meet both line end bridging and shortening requirements. Serif type line end provides the OPC model with more flexibility to pull back the center segment between line end serifs and improves the bridging margin by 2%, with negligible sacrifice on line end length under overexposure conditions. No effect is seen on the bridging margin with different segment lengths of center pull back at the serif line end. Bridging margin can be improved dramatically (6%) by adding SRAF, due to the increase of aerial image intensity in the line end space. Finally, the OPC model fitting for line end shortening is briefly described and a post-correction rule-based OPC is introduced to improve the line end shortening. Handcrafted OPC is also used for this case study for few structures that need extra correction to achieve enough line end length.
The Right Ventricular Outflow Tract: The Road to Septal Pacing (2007)

In this article, we will review the anatomy of the RVOT and discuss the importance of standard radiographic views and the 12-lead electrocardiogram in aiding lead placement. We will also describe a method utilizing a novel stylet shape, whereby a conventional active-fixation, stylet-driven lead can be easily and reliably deployed onto the RVOT septum.