gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
125I-Iododeoxyuridine for the Treatment of a Brain Tumor Model: Selection of Conditions for Optimal Effectiveness (2011)

The intent of this study was to optimise conditions for the use of 125 IUdR in the treatment of cancer. The radiopharmaceutical plus a biomodulator, methotrexate (MTX) was delivered by intra-tumoral injection of a thermosensitive hydrogel forming a slow release depot of 125 IUdR and MTX in the tumor.
HLA‐C as a mediator of natural killer and T‐cell activation: spectator or key player? (2011)

The biochemical properties of the HLA-C antigen differ substantially from those of HLA-A and -B molecules. For this reason, HLA-C diversity and expression at the cell surface are much lower than its counterparts and in consequence HLA-C-restricted responses have been infrequently detected and described. In this review we summarise the key differences between HLA-C and other class I molecules and provide an update on natural killer and T-cell responses restricted by HLA-C. We also discuss the different clinical settings associated with HLA-C alleles which mainly consist of autoimmune disorders, cancers and chronic infections.
Speech Enhancement (2013)

With the proliferation of mobile devices and hearing devices, including hearing aids and cochlear implants, there is a growing and pressing need to design algorithms that can improve speech intelligibility without sacrificing quality. Responding to this need, Speech Enhancement: Theory and Practice, Second Edition introduces readers to the basic problems of speech enhancement and the various algorithms proposed to solve these problems. Updated and expanded, this second edition of the bestselling textbook broadens its scope to include evaluation measures and enhancement algorithms aimed at improving speech intelligibility.Fundamentals, Algorithms, Evaluation, and Future StepsOrganized into four parts, the book begins with a review of the fundamentals needed to understand and design better speech enhancement algorithms. The second part describes all the major enhancement algorithms and, because these require an estimate of the noise spectrum, also covers noise estimation algorithms. The third part of the book looks at the measures used to assess the performance, in terms of speech quality and intelligibility, of speech enhancement methods. It also evaluates and compares several of the algorithms. The fourth part presents binary mask algorithms for improving speech intelligibility under ideal conditions. In addition, it suggests steps that can be taken to realize the full potential of these algorithms under realistic conditions.What’s New in This EditionUpdates in every chapterA new chapter on objective speech intelligibility measuresA new chapter on algorithms for improving speech intelligibilityReal-world noise recordings (on downloadable resources)MATLAB® code for the implementation of intelligibility measures (on downloadable resources)MATLAB and C/C++ code for the implementation of algorithms to improve speech intelligibility (on downloadable resources)Valuable Insights from a Pioneer in Speech EnhancementClear and concise, this book explores how human listeners compensate for acoustic noise in noisy environments. Written by a pioneer in speech enhancement and noise reduction in cochlear implants, it is an essential resource for anyone who wants to implement or incorporate the latest speech enhancement algorithms to improve the quality and intelligibility of speech degraded by noise.Includes downloadable resources with Code and RecordingsThe downloadable resources provide MATLAB implementations of representative speech enhancement algorithms as well as speech and noise databases for the evaluation of enhancement algorithms.
Detection, classification and visualization of place-triggered geotagged tweets (2012)

This paper proposes and evaluates a method to detect and classify tweets that are triggered by places where users locate. Recently, many related works address to detect real world events from social media such as Twitter. However, geotagged tweets often contain noise, which means tweets which are not content-wise related to users' location. This noise is problem for detecting real world events. To address and solve the problem, we define the Place-Triggered Geotagged Tweet, meaning tweets which have both geotag and content-based relation to users' location. We designed and implemented a keyword-based matching technique to detect and classify place-triggered geotagged tweets. We evaluated the performance of our method against a ground truth provided by 18 human classifiers, and achieved 82% accuracy. Additionally, we also present two example applications for visualizing place-triggered geotagged tweets.
REQUIREMENTS FOR AN EVENT-BASED SIMULATION PACKAGE FOR GRID SYSTEMS (2007)

In this paper we present a study on the requirements for the design and implementation of simulation packages for Grid systems. Grids are emerging as new distributed computing systems whose main objective is to manage and allocate geographically distributed computing resources to applications and users in an efficient and transparent manner. Grid systems are at present very difficult and complex to use for experimental studies of large-scale distributed applications. Although the field of simulation of distributed computing systems is mature, recent developments in large-scale distributed systems are raising needs not present in the simulation of the traditional distributed systems. Motivated by this, we present in this work a set of basic requirements that any simulation package for Grid computing should offer. This set of functionalities is obtained after a careful review of most important existing Grid simulation packages and includes new requirements not considered in such simulation packages. Based on the identified set of requirements, a Grid simulator is developed and exemplified for the Grid scheduling problem.
Cost‐effectiveness analysis of primary treatments for localised prostate cancer: A population‐based Markov analysis using real‐world evidence (2022)

This first CEA combining prospective real-world evidence for HRQOL outcomes with costs shows cost-effectiveness of treatments vary by risk groups, providing new evidence for treatment decisions.
A NEW AND EFFECTIVE AMINOMETHYLATION BY THE USE OF N-(p-TOLUENESULFONYLMETHYL)-p-TOLUENESULFONAMIDE AS AN EQUIVALENT OF METHANIMINE. A CONVENIENT PREPARATION OF PYRROLE COMPOUNDS (1986)

Abstract Readily available N-(p-toluenesulfonylmethyl)-p-toluenesulfonamide was treated with base to generate N-methylene-p-toluenesulfonamide which reacted with a variety of nucleophiles forming the corresponding N-tosyl-aminomethylated compounds in good yields. Furthermore, the N-tosyl-aminomethylated acetals thus obtained were converted into the corresponding N-tosylpyrroles with the aid of acid catalyst in excellent yields.
Kick LL: A Smartwatch for Monitoring Respiration and Heart Rate using Photoplethysmography (2018)

With the growing popularity of wearable devices in the consumer space, interest in leveraging this technological platform in the medical field is rising. In this report, we describe a smartwatch capable of measuring respiration and heart rate using photoplethysmography (PPG). The device couples a photosensor, specifically tuned bandpass filters, and frequency content analysis to extract respiration and heart rate from the PPG signal. The results from the experimental device were compared to a commercial chest strap heart rate monitor. Respiratory rate measurements agreed within 1 breath per minute and heart rate measurements agreed within 3-4 beats per minute of the reference device. Furthermore, the device was packaged in an untethered wristwatch allowing for realtime measurements and analysis.
Experimental testing of the flow resistance and thermal conductivity of porous materials for regenerators (2011)

In this paper, we will focus on the experimental testing of flow resistance and thermal conductivity of several different stainless steel mesh screens which are expected to be used as regenerator material in thermoacoustic devices. The flow resistance test was conducted in both steady and oscillatory flow conditions. Therefore, the friction factor in both of these conditions were obtained and compared. The measured results were expressed as the correlation between Fanning friction factor and Reynolds number. These were subsequently compared to Kays and London’s data, originally taken for a steady flow of and using only a limited number of samples, but nevertheless widely used in designing devices employing oscillatory flow conditions. The thermal conductivity of the regenerator materials was also measured in this study using a standard method (i.e. ASTM E1225 Test Method). The results were expressed as a thermal conductivity degradation factor (TCDF). The results are presented and discussed in detail. 
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Multimodal Prediction and Personalization of Photo Edits with Deep Generative Models (2017)

Professional-grade software applications are powerful but complicated$-$expert users can achieve impressive results, but novices often struggle to complete even basic tasks. Photo editing is a prime example: after loading a photo, the user is confronted with an array of cryptic sliders like "clarity", "temp", and "highlights". An automatically generated suggestion could help, but there is no single "correct" edit for a given image$-$different experts may make very different aesthetic decisions when faced with the same image, and a single expert may make different choices depending on the intended use of the image (or on a whim). We therefore want a system that can propose multiple diverse, high-quality edits while also learning from and adapting to a user's aesthetic preferences. In this work, we develop a statistical model that meets these objectives. Our model builds on recent advances in neural network generative modeling and scalable inference, and uses hierarchical structure to learn editing patterns across many diverse users. Empirically, we find that our model outperforms other approaches on this challenging multimodal prediction task.
Co-design of data collection with participants of the Aberdeen Children of the 1950s cohort study (2019)

Background The Aberdeen Children of the 1950s (ACONF) cohort contains 12,150 individuals born in Aberdeen, Scotland in the 1950s. The study includes rich early life data, information from questionnaire in middle age, and linkage to electronic healthcare records.&#x0D; Involving the participants in designing future data collection and research is key to ensure research is acceptable and reflects public priorities.&#x0D; Aim To gather ACONF participants’ views to inform how to: define healthy ageing, optimise recruitment and maximise participation.&#x0D; Method We undertook three co-design workshops with 8 to 10 ACONF members. The workshops operated as a discussion, led by a facilitator using guidance questions developed by the study team. Workshops were recorded and transcribed.&#x0D; Results Healthy ageing: Participants viewed healthy ageing as keeping socially and physically active, taking responsibility for oneself and having a positive attitude to ageing. Key research priorities were: dementia, healthy living advice, improvements in the social care system and engaging hard-to-reach groups.&#x0D; Optimising recruitment and participation: Participants were keen for further involvement in research. Recruitment may be maximised by: more information online, involving participants in recruitment of other study members and clarity about potential benefits to themselves or others. It is acceptable to ask their offspring to participate.&#x0D; There were high levels of trust in researchers, but ongoing data protection is vital. Participation may be improved by regular contact (informing participants of results, engagement events, newsletters, mobile phone “apps”).&#x0D; Participants were happy with data collection methods: questionnaires, applications, wearable devices, and in-person tests. They raised no concerns regarding DNA collection and electronic record linkage.&#x0D; Conclusion Participant involvement in research is a fundamental part of securing a social license for research. Participants were in favour of ongoing research, including recruitment of their children and linkage of electronic records. The workshops highlighted key considerations for future research and data collection.
RAFT mediated polymerisation in heterogeneous media (2005)

Reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) mediated polymerisation is one of a number of living radical polymerisation processes that were developed over the last decade. The RAFT process is facilitating the synthesis of controlled macromolecular architectures radical polymerisation in homogeneous and heterogeneous media. Here we discuss the progress in the use of the RAFT process, the past, the state of the art and potential directions for the future with specific emphasis on heterogeneous reactions.
The inflammatory transcriptome of reactive murine astrocytes and implications for their innate immune function (2006)

Upon injury, astrocytes assume an activated state associated with the release of inflammatory mediators. To model this, we stimulated murine primary astrocytes with a complete inflammatory cytokine mix consisting of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IFN-gamma. We analysed the transcriptional response of 480 genes at 4 and 16 h after stimulation on a chip designed to give a representative overview over the inflammation-relevant part of the transcriptome of macrophage-like cells. The list of the 182 genes found to be significantly regulated in astrocytes revealed an intriguing co-ordinate regulation of genes linked to the biological processes of antiviral/antimicrobial defence, antigen presentation and facilitation of leucocyte invasion. The latter group was characterized by very high up-regulations of chemokine genes. We also identified regulations of a thymidylate kinase and an interferon-regulated protein with a tetratricopeptide motive, both up to now only known from macrophages. The transcriptional regulations were confirmed on the protein level by a proteomic analysis. These findings taken together suggest that activated astrocytes in brain behave similarly in many respects to inflamed macrophages in the periphery.
KNUDSEN DIFFUSION (1986)

When the mean free path of diffusing gas molecules exceeds the size of the soil pores through which they pass, gaseous transport is no longer dominated by intermolecular collisions, but by collisions with the pore walls, a process known as Knudsen diffusion. Although Knudsen diffusion has been discussed extensively with regard to flow through porous media, it has received comparatively little attention in the soils literature. However, recent theoretical studies of gas phase transport in the soils of Mars, and certain other bodies in the solar system, have revealed that the role played by Knudsen diffusion is often of considerable importance. The results of these studies suggest that a greater awareness of this diffusive process may be of benefit to terrestrial soil scientists as well. In this review, an expression for calculating the Knudsen diffusion coefficient, for pores possessing a nonreentrant cross-sectional shape, is derived. An expression is also presented that defines an effective diffusion coefficient for pore sizes that fall in the transition region, where both Knudsen and bulk diffusion contribute to the transport process. Finally, the parallel pore model of gaseous diffusion is applied to three model pore-size distributions. These examples clearly illustrate that when soil pore sizes fall below a value comparable to the mean free path of the diffusing molecules, the efficiency of gaseous transport is greatly reduced.
New polycyclic borazine species (2011)

The new polycyclic borazines B(2){1,2-N(2)C(6)H(4)}(2){B(2)(NMe(2))(2)}(2), B(2){1,8-N(2)naph}(2){B(2)(NMe(2))(2)}(2) and B(2)(NPh)(4){B(2)(NMe(2))(2)}(2) have been prepared from diborate(4) anions and two equivalents of B(2)Cl(2)(NMe(2))(2) and have been structurally characterised. Aspects of their structure and bonding are discussed and comparison made with corresponding polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
Perineurial Glia Require Notch Signaling during Motor Nerve Development but Not Regeneration (2013)

Motor nerves play the critical role of shunting information out of the CNS to targets in the periphery. Their formation requires the coordinated development of distinct cellular components, including motor axons and the Schwann cells and perineurial glia that ensheath them. During nervous system assembly, these glial cells must migrate long distances and terminally differentiate, ensuring the efficient propagation of action potentials. Although we know quite a bit about the mechanisms that control Schwann cell development during this process, nothing is known about the mechanisms that mediate the migration and differentiation of perineurial glia. Using in vivo imaging in zebrafish, we demonstrate that Notch signaling is required for both perineurial migration and differentiation during nerve formation, but not regeneration. Interestingly, loss of Notch signaling in perineurial cells also causes a failure of Schwann cell differentiation, demonstrating that Schwann cells require perineurial glia for aspects of their own development. These studies describe a novel mechanism that mediates multiple aspects of perineurial development and reveal the critical importance of perineurial glia for Schwann cell maturation and nerve formation.
Sterically Constrained 'Roofed' 2-Thiazolidinones as Excellent Chiral Auxiliaries. (2000)

The "roofed" chiral 2-thiazolidinones, which are sterically congested and conformational rigid, and which are prepared by the [4+2] cycloaddition of 2-thiazolone to the cyclic dienes, dimethylanthracene and hexamethylcyclopentadiene, followed by optical resolution with (1S,2R)-2-methoxy-1-apocamphanecarbonic acid (MAC acid) are of considerable promise for use as chiral auxiliaries for the alkylation of enolates.
Mobility estimation for wireless networks using round trip time (RTT) (2007)

We propose an asynchronous, low cost, and accurate mobility estimation scheme for wireless mobile networks. This scheme considers the round-trip time (RTT) of the signal from the mobile station to the base station as observation and estimates position and speed of the mobile user in two dimensions. Our scheme uses an earlier proposed autoregressive mobility model, AR-1 [1], to characterize the movement of mobile users, although, the synchronization requirement between mobile user and base station [1] is no longer necessary when RTT is used instead of Time Of Arrival (TOA) with similar estimation performance. Furthermore, mulitpath propagation environment possess additional problem in mobility estimation especially when no line of sight (LOS) signal is available. In this paper, we have shown the resilience of our estimation scheme in non-LOS scenarios as a function of additional delays due to reflections.
Antisweet Natural Products. XIII. Structures of Alternosides I-X from Gymnema alternifolium. (1998)

From the dried roots of Gymnema alternifolium, ten new oleanane-type triterpenoid glycosides, named alternosides I-X (1-10), were isolated, as well as two artifactual compounds, 11 and 12. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic data and chemical evidence. Compounds 1-5, and 6, 8 and 10 are 3, 28-bis-O-glycosides of chichipegenin having an acyl group at position 16 or 18, and no acyl group, respectively.Compound 7 is 3-O-glycoside of chichipegenin. Compound 9 consists of the 3, 28-bis-O-glycosides of longispinogenin.Compounds 1-5 and 11, having an acyl group, showed antisweet activity.
Fluoroalkyl‐Containing Lithium 1,3‐Diketonates in Reactions with Amines and Ammonium Salts. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Drug repurposing using high-throughput screening identifies a promising drug combination to treat adrenocortical carcinoma (2018)

Drug repurposing using high-throughput screening identifies a promising drug combination to treat adrenocortical carcinoma
A New Model of Laryngitis: Neuropeptide, Cyclooxygenase, and Cytokine Profile (2008)

This NGI model results in laryngeal chronic inflammation without direct mechanical aggression of the mucosa and may contribute to the study of future therapeutic approaches to this pathology.
Measurement of ammonia emissions using various techniques in a comparative tunnel study (2004)

A field-based intercomparison study for ammonia measurements was conducted using seven analytical methods. It included sulphuric acid impinger, citric acid denuder, differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS), and continuous aqueous extraction followed by measurement of conductivity (Airrmonia). Measurements were done at the entrance and the exit of the Gubrist highway tunnel near Zurich, Switzerland. For DOAS, FTIR, PAS and Airrmonia, 24 hour means were calculated based on a time resolution of 10 minutes. At the tunnel exit, all 24 hour averages were within 13%, and the continuous data of the time-resolved methods agreed well. At the tunnel entrance, a slightly reduced method comparison included four methods, and daily mean values agreed within 23%. Ammonia emission factors, based on 4 weeks of continuous measurements with the Airrmonia, were 31 ± 4 mg km-1 for light-duty vehicles and 14 ± 7 mg km-1 for heavy-duty vehicles.
Reachability analysis of hybrid control systems using reduced-order models (2004)

Complexity of reachability computations for continuous and hybrid dynamic systems typically grows exponentially with respect to the dimension of the continuous state space. Consequently, reduced-order models usually need to be constructed to make reachability analysis tractable. However, use of reduced-order models makes reachability-based verification unsound. This work presents a method for incorporating bounds on errors due to model reduction into reachability analysis for a class of hybrid control systems so that the computed sets are guaranteed to be conservative (i.e., over-) approximations of the reachable sets for the original system. We also present an efficient method for computing error bounds due to model reduction for finite-time horizons that are less conservative than error bounds from the model-reduction literature. The effectiveness of the approach is illustrated with an example.
Proinflammatory Potential of Cytomegalovirus Infection (1999)

We observed the effects of antiviral therapy on CMV and/or oxidative-stress-induced stimulation of proinflammatory molecules including interleukin-8 (IL-8), melanoma growth stimulatory activity-alpha (GRO-alpha) and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) using human foreskin fibroblasts. Ganciclovir, foscarnet or cidofovir completely suppressed virus replication, as demonstrated by CMV late (L) antigen production. These drugs did not influence CMV immediate-early (IE) antigen expression and had no effects on CMV-induced cellular changes in IL-8, GRO-alpha and ICAM-1 levels. Phosphorothioate oligonucleotide (ISIS 2922) suppressed both CMV IE and L antigen by 99%. ISIS 2922 completely suppressed CMV-induced upregulation of both chemokines and ICAM-1. Induction of oxidative stress by H(2)O(2) upregulated IL-8 expression. Oxidative stress and CMV infection showed synergistic effects on IL-8 expression. ISIS 2922 only partially inhibited the upregulation of IL-8 in infected cells treated with H(2)O(2), whereas cotreatment with ISIS 2922 and antioxidants inhibited the upregulation almost completely. The results showed that inhibition of CMV IE expression alone or in combination with antioxidants is promising for the treatment of CMV disease.