gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nilotinib restores memory function by preventing dopaminergic neuron degeneration in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s Disease (2021)

What happens precociously to the brain destined to develop Alzheimer's Disease (AD) still remains to be elucidated and this is one reason why effective AD treatments are missing. Recent experimental and clinical studies indicate that the degeneration of the dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA) could be one of the first events occurring in AD. However, the causes of the increased vulnerability of DA neurons in AD are missing. Here, we deeply investigate the physiology of DA neurons in the VTA before, at the onset, and after onset of VTA neurodegeneration. We use the Tg2576 mouse model of AD, overexpressing a mutated form of the human APP, to identify molecular targets that can be manipulated pharmacologically. We show that in Tg2576 mice, DA neurons of the VTA at the onset of degeneration undergo slight but functionally relevant changes in their electrophysiological properties and cell morphology. Importantly, these changes are associated with accumulation of autophagosomes, suggestive of a dysfunctional autophagy, and with enhanced activation of c-Abl, a tyrosine kinase previously implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Chronic treatment of Tg2576 mice with Nilotinib, a validated c-Abl inhibitor, reduces c-Abl phosphorylation, improves autophagy, reduces Aβ levels and - more importantly - prevents degeneration as well as functional and morphological alterations in DA neurons of the VTA. Interestingly, the drug prevents the reduction of DA outflow to the hippocampus and ameliorates hippocampal-related cognitive functions. Our results strive to identify early pathological brain changes in AD, to provide a rational basis for new therapeutic interventions able to slow down the disease progression.
High Power Diamond Raman Lasers (2018)

Laser gain materials possessing high thermal conductivity and robust mechanical properties are key prerequisites for high power lasers. We show that diamond, when configured as a Raman laser, enables access to these and other extreme properties, providing an important new route to high power and high brightness beam generation. Recent achievements in pulsed and continuous wave oscillators, beam combining amplifiers, and single longitudinal mode oscillators are summarized, along with wavelength extension of these concepts through adaption to other pumps, use of Raman cascading, and intracavity harmonic generation. To date, diamond laser powers have attained 750 W with efficiency and beam quality so far unperturbed by nonlinear or thermally induced side-effects. Large factor brightness enhancement of low coherence inputs is demonstrated using multiple pump beams (via Raman beam combination) or highly multimode pumps for oscillator and amplifier configurations. Future directions for direct diode pumping, and for realizing extraordinary power and power density through reduced temperature operation and isotopically enriched diamond, are also discussed. Our results indicate that diamond is emerging as a generic high-power laser technology with advantages in terms of brightness (high average power and high beam quality) and wavelength range.
Galactosyltransferase activities in human sera of various diseases. (1981)

Recently galactosyltransferase has been noted as a new tumor marker. In this report galactosyltransferase activity was measured in sera of various diseases including malignant tumors and the levels of the enzyme activities were compared. The levels of the enzyme were higher in sera of malignant tumors and liver diseases than those in sera of other diseases. In malignant tumors little organ specificity was found with respect to the levels of galactosyltransferase activities. The levels of the enzyme were considered to have no relation to carcinoembryonic antigen or a feto protein. On the other hand, in liver diseases the levels of the enzyme were correlated to the severity of liver damage. Therefore, it is reasonable to presume that the elevation of serum galactosyltransferase activity is caused chiefly by malignant tumors and liver damage.
Run-off election-based decision method for the training and inference process in an artificial neural network (2021)

Generally, the decision rule for classifying unstructured data in an artificial neural network system depends on the sequence results of an activation function determined by vector-matrix multiplication between the input bias signal and the analog synaptic weight quantity of each node in a matrix array. Although a sequence-based decision rule can efficiently extract a common feature in a large data set in a short time, it can occasionally fail to classify similar species because it does not intrinsically consider other quantitative configurations of the activation function that affect the synaptic weight update. In this work, we implemented a simple run-off election-based decision rule via an additional filter evaluation to mitigate the confusion from proximity of output activation functions, enabling the improved training and inference performance of artificial neural network system. Using the filter evaluation selected via the difference among common features of classified images, the recognition accuracy achieved for three types of shoe image data sets reached ~ 82.03%, outperforming the maximum accuracy of ~ 79.23% obtained via the sequence-based decision rule in a fully connected single layer network. This training algorithm with an independent filter can precisely supply the output class in the decision step of the fully connected network.
Effect of partially polarized ASE noise on Q-factor estimation using OSNR (2006)

We report on the effect of the partially polarized amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise on the Q-factor estimation by using optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR). The result shows that this effect is negligible even in a long-distance transmission system (distance: < 3000 km) as long as the polarization-dependent loss (PDL) per span is smaller than 0.2 dB
Hydrogen Storage Using Liquid Organic Carriers (2020)

Published data on experimental and theoretical studies of systems for long-term storage and transportation of hydrogen, based on liquid organic hydrogen carriers operating in hydrogenation–dehydrogenation cycles, are reviewed. Comparative analysis of the hydrogen capacity and hydrogenation–dehydrogenation conditions was made for various classes of organic compounds used as hydrogen carriers (cycloalkanes, polycyclic alkanes, hydrocarbons containing heteroatoms, etc.). The catalysts (heterogeneous catalysts based on noble metals) and designs of reactors (including those with proton-exchange membranes) used for efficient and selective dehydrogenation of organic hydrogen carriers were also compared.
The relevance of positron emission tomography for the diagnosis and treatment of head and neck tumors. (1993)

A total of 48 patients with squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of the head and neck were examined with positron emission tomography (PET) and 18Fluor-deoxyglucose (FDG). In 25 cases the FDG-PET-data were compared with flow cytometric data of the lesions to investigate the value of PET for the noninvasive determination of a tumor's proliferative activity. The quantitative analysis of the radioactivity concentrations revealed two groups of tumors with a different FDG-uptake. A correlation was seen between the proliferative index and the FDG-uptake with an r-value of 0.64 in the lower uptake group and an r-value of 0.81 in the higher uptake group. There was no correlation between any clinicopathological or morphological parameters of the tumors and the FDG-uptake. It is suggested that the different FDG uptake may correspond to differences at the molecular level. The PET-evaluation of therapeutic effects in patients with advanced SCC of the head and neck revealed different posttherapeutic changes of the metabolism in tumors and in lymph node metastases. Tumors were more sensitive to therapy than lymph node metastases. There was a high correlation between the growth rate and the change in FDG uptake with a different regression function for tumors and for lymph nodes. The data demonstrate the usefulness of PET and FDG for the evaluation of early therapeutic effects. Therefore PET can be applied for the treatment planning in patients with malignant tumors of the head and neck.
Rates of Hemithyroidectomy for Thyroid Cancer After the Release of the 2015 American Thyroid Association Guidelines: Has Our Practice Changed? (2018)

Ullmann, Timothy M. MD; Gray, Katherine D. MD; Finnerty, Brendan M. MD; Zarnegar, Rasa MD, FACS; Fahey, Thomas J. MD; Beninato, Toni MD Author Information
Bone‐ACL‐bone allograft for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: Short‐term evaluation in a rabbit model with microcomputed tomography (2023)

The standard grafts used for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction are tendon, either patellar tendon, hamstring, or quadriceps. However, the microstructure and composition of tendon differs from ligament. Ideally, the ACL would be replaced with the same tissue. To evaluate the incorporation of a bone-ACL-bone (B-ACL-B) graft for ACL reconstruction, we performed a controlled laboratory study in a rabbit model with microcomputed tomography (μCT). Forty-six New Zealand white rabbits were used, with 17 donor rabbits to harvest bilateral B-ACL-B allografts and 29 rabbits undergoing unilateral ACL reconstruction with B-ACL-B allograft. Knee specimens were collected for biomechanical testing (n = 14) at 4 and 8 weeks and for μCT analysis (n = 15) at 2, 4, and 8 weeks after surgery. Gross inspection and μCT examination confirmed bone blocks in the appropriate anatomic position. Biomechanical tests revealed no difference in mean load-to-failure force for B-ACL-B allografts between 4 and 8 weeks. Progressive healing occurred between the bone block and the tunnel as demonstrated by a gradual increase on average bone-volume fraction and total mineral density (TMD) in both femoral and tibial tunnels. Remodeling of the bone block was evidenced by a significant decrease in TMD of both tibial and femoral bone blocks. This is a report of a novel rabbit B-ACL-B allograft reconstruction model demonstrating early signs of graft remodeling and incorporation. Clinical Relevance: This study demonstrates ACL reconstruction using an anatomically matched ACL allograft, rather than a tendon graft, may be possible based on early findings in this lapine model.
Die molekulare Welt des Lebensmittelgenusses: Auf den Geschmack gekommen (2003)

Abstract Geruch und Geschmack sind stofflich objektivierbare Qualitätsparameter bei Lebensmitteln. Originär im Lebensmittel vorkommende bzw. beim Herstellungsprozess aus Vorläufern entstehende geruchs‐ bzw. geschmackaktive Verbindungen weisen z. T. extreme Unterschiede in ihrer Geruchs‐ bzw. Geschmackswirksamkeit auf. Anhand verschiedener Beispiele wird der Einsatz aktivitätsorientierter Screeningverfahren zur Entschlüsselung wichtiger originärer Geruchs‐ und Geschmacksstoffe von Lebensmitteln vorgestellt. Diese als „Molekulare Sensorik”︁ bezeichneten Techniken haben kürzlich zur Identifizierung sehr potenter Naturstoffe mit interessanten sensorischen Eigenschaften geführt. Solche sensorisch aktiven Biomoleküle sind zudem gute Marker zur gezielten Steuerung industrieller Lebensmittelproduktionsprozesse, um optimale Geschmacksprofile zu erhalten.
Self-organization in 4G mobile networks: Motivation and vision (2010)

Self-organization is a key factor for the future evolution of mobile networks, especially for introduction of the new radio standard LTE. Reasons are the increasing complexity, heterogeneity and management effort. Based on an overview about the current state of the art, the self-organization potential for enabling real plug and play functionality, automatic network optimization, improved end-to-end QoS and new energy saving technologies is highlighted. This is especially true for the upcoming trend towards small cell deployments. Our vision is an essentially simplified network management architecture relying on a distributed self-organization functionality which enables large steps towards autonomous operation of network elements.
DDN (Defense Data Network) Protocol Handbook. Volume 1. DoD Military Standard Protocols (1985)

Abstract : The primary purpose of the DDN Protocol Handbook in three volumes is to serve as a guide for those planning to implement the DoD suite of protocols on various computers to be attached to the DDN, including the ARPANET. For this reason tutorial information and auxiliary documents are included in addition to the protocol specifications themselves. All of this information has been collected into one set of documents that can be used as a source book for implementation purposes. This first volume contains an overview of the protocol standardization process and policies within the U.S. Department of Defense. It discusses the roles of the Defense Communications Agency (DCA) and the DDN program Management Office (DDN PMO) with respect to this process. Detailed specifications for DoD military standard (MIL STD) computer communication protocols, which are required as part of the protocol suite in use on the Defense Data Network (DDN), are included. The Handbook also outlines the role of the DDN PMO in DDN configuration management, and provides instructions for obtaining additional protocol information.
Flip-Chip Bonding of InP Die on SiN-Based TriPleX Carrier With Novel Laser Soldering (2022)

In this paper, we present a flip-chip bonding concept for InP die on SiN-based TriPleX carrier using laser soldering. The InP die and SiN-based TriPleX carrier include the metalization patterns for commonly used photonic integrated circuit reference designs. Two laser soldering schemes were investigated: (1) using a laser wavelength where silicon is highly transmissive (through-silicon laser soldering) and (2) using a laser wavelength where silicon is not transmissive (heat-conduction laser soldering). We demonstrated a 4.0 mm <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> 4.6 mm InP die with 58 electrical connections flip-chip bonded on a 16.0 mm <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> 8.0 mm SiN-based TriPleX carrier. Comparison experiments were carried out including solder reflow and shear force tests. Both schemes showed reliable electrical interconnects that meet MIL-STD 883 standards. Especially, the through-silicon soldering showed faster soldering time, lower power for solder reflows, and less thermal impact which is therefore preferred over heat-conduction soldering. This concept is promising for a high-density, reliable interconnect of hybrid packaging of InP on SiN-based photonic integrated circuits, in particular large photonic dies.
Enantio- and chemoselective reduction of 2,4-diketo acid derivatives with cinchona modified Pt-catalyst—Synthesis of (R)-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyric acid ethyl ester (2000)

The enantio- and chemoselective hydrogenation of several 2,4-diketo acid derivatives to the corresponding 2-hydroxy compounds with cinchona modified Pt catalysts can be carried out with chemoselectivities of >99% and enantioselectivities up to 86% (R) and 68% (S), respectively, and enrichment to >98% ee was possible for several compounds by one crystallization, opening up an efficient technical synthesis of (R)-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyric acid ethyl ester, a building block for several ACE inhibitors.
GPR54 and kisspeptin in reproduction (2006)

Kisspeptins, the peptide products of the KiSS-1 gene, were identified in 2001 as natural ligands of the previously orphan G protein-coupled receptor, GPR54. They include, among others, metastin and kisspeptin-10. The known biological functions of kisspeptins were initially restricted to their ability to suppress tumour metastasis, hence the name of metastin. However, in late 2003, two groups independently reported that loss-of-function mutations of the GPR54 gene are linked to absence of puberty onset and hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism in humans--a phenotype that was reproduced in GPR54-null mice. Those seminal observations revealed a totally unexpected, fundamental role of the KiSS-1/GPR54 system in control of puberty and reproductive function and boosted an extraordinary interest for the characterization of these novel facets of kisspeptin physiology. Indeed, in the last 2 years, metastin and kisspeptin-10 have been demonstrated as very potent stimulators of the gonadotrophic axis, in a number of species and through different routes of administration. In addition, the hypothalamic KiSS-1/GPR54 system has been proven as an essential gatekeeper of GnRH neurons, involved in their activation at puberty and their regulation by gonadal steroids and (probably) metabolic factors. This review comprehensively examines the experimental evidence obtained to date supporting a pivotal role of kisspeptins and GPR54 in the control of reproduction.
Mechanical design and system-lever analysis of a novel micromirror array (2009)

A novel micromirror array based on PolyMUMPs fabrication process is proposed and explored. The segmented array described here, consisting of 37 hexagonal mirrors with diameter of 380um, is fabricated by MEMSCAP. A hierarchical design and optimization of the opto-mechano-electrical structure was carried out, combining finite element analysis (FEA) performed in Comsol Multiphysics with a system-level macromodelling in Matlab. The micromirror prototype uses design techniques able to provide a low pull-in voltage (less than 10V with all three electrodes biased and less than 14V with only one biased electrode) and large strokes (about 3um), as revealed from both FEA and system level simulation. Preliminary experimental test results show that the individual micromirrors can be actuated and orientated in space by applying voltages on their actuation electrodes. Following the individual micromirror cells tests, the entire array will be integrated in an adaptive microsystem for wavefront correction.
A robust local polynomial collocation method (2012)

SUMMARY In this paper, a robust local polynomial collocation method is presented. Based on collocation, this method is rather simple and straightforward. The present method is developed in a way that the governing equation is satisfied on boundaries as well as boundary conditions. This requirement makes the present method more accurate and robust than conventional collocation methods, especially in estimating the partial derivatives of the solution near the boundary. Studies about the sensitivity of the shape parameter and the local supporting range in the moving least square approach and the convergence of the nodal resolution are carried out by using some benchmark problems. This method is further verified by applying it to a steady‐state convection–diffusion problem. Finally, the present method is applied to calculate the velocity fields of two potential flow problems. More accurate numerical results are obtained.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Creating Open Source Models, Test Cases, and Data for Oilfield Drilling Challenges (2019)

Abstract The drilling industry has substantially improved performance based on knowledge from physics-based, statistical, and empirical models of components and systems. However, most models and source code have been recreated multiple times, which requires significant effort and energy with little additional benefit or step-wise improvements. The authors propose that it is time to form a coalition of industry and academic leaders to support an open source effort for drilling, to encourage the reuse of continuously improving models and coding efforts. The vision for this guiding coalition is to 1) set up a repository for source code, data, benchmarks, and documentation, 2) encourage good coding practices, 3) review and comment on the models and data submitted, 4) test, use and improve the code, 5) propose and collect anonymized real data, 6) attract talent and support to the effort, and 7) mentor those getting started. Those interested to add their time and talent to the cause may publish their results through peer-reviewed literature. Several online meetings are planned to create this coalition, establish a charter, and layout the guiding principles. Multiple support avenues are proposed to sustain the effort such as: annual user group meetings, create a SPE Technical Section, and initiating a Joint Industry Program (JIP). The Open Porous Media Initiative is just one example of how this could be organized and maintained. As a starting point, this paper reviews existing published drilling models and highlights the similarities and differences for commonly used drillstring hydraulics, dynamics, directional, and bit-rock interaction models. The key requirements for re-usability of the models and code are: 1) The model itself must be available as open source, well documented with the objective and expected outcomes, include commented code, and shared in a publicly available repository which can be updated, 2) A user's guide must include how to run the core software, how to extend software capabilities, i.e., plug in new features or elements, 3) Include a "theory" manual to explain the fundamental principles, the base equations, any assumptions, and the known limitations, 4) Data examples and formatting requirements to cover a diversity of drilling operations, and 5) Test cases to benchmark the performance and output of different proposed models. In May 2018 at "The 4th International Colloquium on Non-linear dynamics and control of deep drilling systems," the keynote question was, "Is it time to start using open source models?" The answer is "yes". Modeling the drilling process is done to help drill a round, ledge free hole, without patterns, with minimum vibration, minimum unplanned dog legs, that reaches all geological targets, in one run per section, and in the least time possible. An open source repository for drilling will speed up the rate of learning and automation efforts to achieve this goal throughout the entire well execution workflow, including planning, BHA design, real-time operations, and post well analysis.
Photovoltaic cells energy performance enhancement with down-converting photoluminescence phosphors (2015)

Phosphors, synthesized by the urea homo-precipitation method, were examined as ultraviolet spectral down conversion materials for improving the light absorption and electrical characteristics of commercial single-junction silicon solar cells. The photovoltaic (PV) cells were coated with erbium and terbium doped gadolinium oxysulfide phosphors encapsulated in ethyl vinyl-acetate binder using blade screen printing technique, and the optimum concentration of phosphor in the composite resulted in the largest light conversion, and superior electrical output and energy transfer efficiency. Moreover, the results demonstrated that the composition of dispersed phosphors has a strong influence on the amount of ultraviolet-light converted and electron transition capacity of PV cells. The experimental results showed in an optimized PV cell, an enhancement of 0.54% (from 12.11% to 12.65%) in the energy conversion of a Si-based PV cell was achieved.