gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The modular organization of human anatomical brain networks: Accounting for the cost of wiring (2016)

Brain networks are expected to be modular. However, existing techniques for estimating a network's modules make it difficult to assess the influence of organizational principles such as wiring cost reduction on the detected modules. Here, we present a modification of an existing module detection algorithm that allows us to focus on connections that are unexpected under a cost-reduction wiring rule and to identify modules from among these connections. We apply this technique to anatomical brain networks and show that the modules we detect differ from those detected using the standard technique. We demonstrate that these novel modules are spatially distributed, exhibit unique functional fingerprints, and overlap considerably with rich clubs, giving rise to an alternative and complementary interpretation of the functional roles of specific brain regions. Finally, we demonstrate that, using the modified module detection approach, we can detect modules in a developmental dataset that track normative patterns of maturation. Collectively, these findings support the hypothesis that brain networks are composed of modules and provide additional insight into the function of those modules.
Simultaneous Side-by-Side Bilateral Placement of Braided-Type Metal Stents Using a 5.9F Delivery System for Unresectable Malignant Hilar Biliary Obstruction: A Preliminary Feasibility Study (2020)

<b>Introduction</b> Side-by-side (SBS) bilateral placement of self-expandable metal stents (SEMSs) is limited by technical difficulties in cases of malignant hilar bile duct obstruction (MHBO). Recently, a braided SEMS with a 5.9 F ultra-thin introducer was developed that enables simultaneous bilateral stenting.<b>Materials and Methods</b> This preliminary study was undertaken to determine the feasibility, safety, and effectiveness of SBS simultaneous bilateral stenting using braided SEMSs and a 5.9 F introducer for MHBO management. We reviewed 8 patients of medical reports who were performed simultaneous SBS placement of SEMSs due to MHBO between January 2016 and January 2018.<b>Results</b> Both of technical and clinical success rates were 100% (8/8), and success rate of stent distal end alignment was also 100%. None of early procedure-related adverse events were detected in 30 days after the stent insertion. Median duration of stent patency was 300 days (95% Cl, 280-726.9), and median survival was 229 days (range, 128-728).<b>Conclusions</b><i>:</i> Simultaneous SBS stent placement using novel braided metal stents was found to be feasible in patients with MHBO. Prospective well-designed clinical studies are needed to certify the efficacy of the stenting technique for MHBO.
Axial SiGe Heteronanowire Tunneling Field-Effect Transistors (2012)

We present silicon-compatible trigated p-Ge/i-Si/n-Si axial heteronanowire tunneling field-effect transistors (TFETs), where on-state tunneling occurs in the Ge drain section, while off-state leakage is dominated by the Si junction in the source. Our TFETs have high I(ON) ~ 2 μA/μm, fully suppressed ambipolarity, and a subthreshold slope SS ~ 140 mV/decade over 4 decades of current with lowest SS ~ 50 mV/decade. Device operation in the tunneling mode is confirmed by three-dimensional TCAD simulation. Interestingly, in addition to the TFET mode, our devices work as standard nanowire FETs with a good I(ON)/I(OFF) ratio when the source-drain junction is forward-biased. The improved transport in both biasing modes confirms the benefits of utilizing bandgap engineered axial nanowires for enhancing device performance.
On “Current Role of Antithrombotic Agents in the Treatment of Acute Coronary Syndromes” (Semin Thromb Hemost 2004;30:627-632) (2005)

I read with interest the article “Current Role of Antithrombotic Agents in the Treatment of Acute Coronary Syndromes” by Mukherjee and Bates (Semin Thromb Hemost 2004;30:627-632). Indeed, the management of ACS with respect to antithrombin therapy has yet to be precisely defined. Within the context of the treatise, the authors discuss the results of the ASSENT-3 trial. The safety parameters captured in this trial were in-hospital ICH and major bleeding (other than ICH). The data from the primary article[1] indicate that the rate of ICH was less than 1.0% in all groups. Similarly, the rate of major bleeding was 3.0% in the enoxaparin group versus 2.21% in the unfractionated heparin group.
Calibration of non-invasive fluorescence-based sensors for the manual and on-the-go assessment of grapevine vegetative status in the field (2016)

Background and Aims Optical sensors can accomplish frequent and spatially widespread non-destructive monitoring of plant nutrient status. The main goal was to calibrate a fluorescence sensor, used both manually (MXH) and on-the-go (MXM), for the assessment of the spatial variability in the vineyard of the concentration of chlorophyll, flavonol and nitrogen in grapevine leaves, against that of a leaf-clip type optical sensor (DX4). Methods and Results Measurements were taken in a commercial vineyard on the adaxial and abaxial sides of leaves of nine Vitis vinifera L. cultivars, manually with the DX4 and MXH, and with the MXM mounted on an all-terrain vehicle. A significant correlation was obtained for the chlorophyll and nitrogen indices of MXH and DX4 (R2 > 0.90) and of MXM and DX4 (R2 > 0.74), and the calibration equations were defined. A similar spatial distribution was achieved for the chlorophyll, flavonol and nitrogen indices of the leaves. Conclusions The capability of the fluorescence sensor, used manually and on-the-go, for characterising the nutritional status of grapevines was demonstrated. Significance of the Study This work reports the first calibration of the hand-held and on-the-go fluorescence sensor to assess key nutritional parameters of grapevines. The applicability of this sensor on-the-go to characterise the spatial variability of the vegetative status of a vineyard for the delineation of homogeneous management zones was proved.
Immiscible Poly(L‐lactide)/Poly(ε‐caprolactone) Blends: Influence of the Addition of a Poly(L‐lactide)‐Poly(oxyethylene) Block Copolymer on Thermal Behavior and Morphology (2004)

Abstract Summary: A binary blend of poly ( L ‐lactide) (PLLA) and poly( ε ‐caprolactone) (PCL) of composition 70:30 by weight was prepared using a twin screw miniextruder and investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Ternary 70:30:2 blends were also obtained by adding either a diblock copolymer of PLLA and poly(oxyethylene) (PEO) or a triblock PLLA‐PCL‐PLLA copolymer as a third component. Optical microscopy revealed that the domain size of dispersed PCL domains is reduced by one order of magnitude in the presence of both copolymers. SEM confirmed the strong reduction in particle size upon the addition of the copolymers, with an indication of an enhanced emulsifying effect in the case of the PLLA‐PEO copolymer. These results are analyzed on the basis of solubility parameters of the blend components. Optical micrograph of M3EG2 blend melt quenched at 125 °C. image Optical micrograph of M3EG2 blend melt quenched at 125 °C.
Broad spectral response in composition-graded CdSSe single nanowires via waveguiding excitation (2011)

We report broad spectral response in composition-graded CdSSe single nanowires (NWs) via waveguiding excitation. The excitation light is coupled to CdSSe single nanowires via silica fiber tapers. The guided photons in the nanowire with energies ranging from 1.74 to 2.44 eV can be efficiently captured at different sites along the NW length. Compared to single-composition nanowires, the composition-graded CdSSe nanowires exhibit much broader spectral response range, while retaining the detection limit down to sub-pW level. Utilizing the photoconductive quenching effect, the spectral range can be further extended beyond 1.5 μm with detection limit down to sub-nW level at room temperature.
Infrared-Controlled Welding of Solar Cells (1982)

Proposed apparatus for welding large arrays of solar cells to flexible circuit substrates would sense infrared emission from welding spot. Emission would provide feedback for control of welding heat. Welding platform containing optical fibers moves upward through slots in movable holding fixture to contact solar cells. Fibers pick up infrared radiation from weld area.
Tetrahydrobiopterin-dependent Inhibition of Superoxide Generation from Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase (1999)

The binding of calcium/calmodulin stimulates electron transfer between the reductase and oxygenase domains of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). Here, we demonstrate using electron spin resonance spin-trapping with 5-diethoxyphosphoryl-5-methyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide that pterin-free nNOS generates superoxide from the reductase and the oxygenase domain by a calcium/calmodulin-dependent mechanism. Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH(4)) diminishes the formation of superoxide by a mechanism that does not cause inhibition of NADPH consumption. In contrast, BH(4) analogs 7,8-dihydrobiopterin and sepiapterin do not affect superoxide yields. L-Arginine alone inhibits the generation of superoxide by nNOS but not by C331A-nNOS mutant that has a low affinity for L-arginine. A greater decrease in superoxide yields is observed when nNOS is preincubated with L-arginine. This effect is in accordance with the slow binding rates of L-arginine to NOS in the absence of BH(4). L-Arginine alone or in combination with BH(4) decreases the rates of NADPH consumption. The effect of L-arginine on superoxide yields, however, was less dramatic than that caused by BH(4) as much higher concentrations of L-arginine are necessary to attain the same inhibition. In combination, L-arginine and BH(4) inhibit the formation of superoxide generation and stimulate the formation of L-citrulline. We conclude that, in contrast to L-arginine, BH(4) does not inhibit the generation of superoxide by controlling electron transfer through the enzyme but by stimulating the formation of the heme-peroxo species.
The Newly Identified Q Motif of DEAD Box Heicases IS Involved in Adenine Recognition (2003)

NA
A Tunable Dispersion‐Free Terahertz Metadevice with Pancharatnam–Berry‐Phase‐Enabled Modulation and Polarization Control (2015)

It is extremely challenging to control the phase of light at will in free space. Here, Pancharatnam-Berry-phase-enabled, tunable phase control of free-space light is experimentally demonstrated in an ultrathin flexible dispersion-free metadevice. This metadevice enables the broadband conversion of linearly polarized light into any desired output polarization.
Considering Interdependent Protection Goals in Domain-Specific Contexts: The di.me Case Study (2013)

In domain-specific contexts such as ecosystems of equal applications, usually individual requirements in terms of quality attributes and interdependent protection goals arise which need to be taken into account for e.g., deployment decisions. Current Quality-of-Service (QoS) models however are mostly static and handle security either as single attribute or decompose it into several independent attributes. In this paper we present our approach, which addresses this gap by defining protection goals as interdependent utility functions over QoS attributes. We show an application of this approach on the EU FP7 project di.me, namely the di.me ecosystem of private user deployed and managed servers.
Three-dimensional process stability prediction of thin-walled workpiece in milling operation (2016)

High-speed machining of thin-walled workpiece is widely used in aerospace industry. To optimize the machining parameters in milling operations, the related process stability is required to be predicted. Compared to the existing two-dimensional (2D) milling stability model, a more completed three-dimensional (3D) regenerative process stability prediction model of thin-walled workpiece is presented based on the newly developed dynamic model. The efficiency and accuracy of the regenerative milling stability can be improved in the presented 3D model. The analysis procedure of the stability of flexible dynamic milling is developed in details. The 3D stability lobes are calculated according to the full discretization method and direct integration scheme. To verify the accuracy of presented 3D stability model, the thin-walled workpiece milling sound pressure signal and surface quality are determined in experiments.
Cu penetration into low-k dielectric during deposition and bias-temperature stress (2010)

Cu penetration into low-k dielectrics can cause serious reliability issues in on-chip interconnect systems. Using secondary ion mass spectrometry with both front-side and back-side depth profiling strategies, Cu was found to diffuse into SiCOH low-k dielectric in a Cu/SiCOH/Si capacitor during Cu deposition. After bias-temperature stressing the capacitor at 270 °C and 2.5 MV/cm, Cu penetrates further into SiCOH, but its distribution profile is the same as that after the same temperature annealing without electrical bias, suggesting no Cu ion drift. The implication of these findings on the Cu/low-k dielectric time-dependent dielectric breakdown modeling is discussed.
Model based fault diagnosis in a centrifugal pump application using structural analysis (2005)

A model based approach for fault detection and isolation in a centrifugal pump is proposed in this paper. The fault detection algorithm is derived using a combination of structural analysis, analytical redundant relations (ARR) and observer designs. Structural considerations on the system are used to identify four subsystems each sensitive to a subset of the faults under consideration. Either an ARR or a residual observer is designed for each of the four subsystems. The four obtained residuals are then used for fault isolation. The applicability of the algorithm is illustrated by applying it to an industrial benchmark. The benchmark tests have shown that the algorithm is capable of detection and isolation of five different faults in the mechanical and hydraulic parts of the pump.
Coefficient thresholding and optimized selection of the lagrangian multiplier for non-reference frames in H.264 video coding (2005)

A new strategy to select the Lagrangian multiplier for nonreference frames is proposed, with the objective to maximize the average PSNR. The selection is based on the observation that nonreference frames should be optimized using a Lagrangian multiplier equivalent to the negative slope of the global R-D curve. This curve is not known a priori and a simple approximation is presented. Further, a new criterion for transform coefficient thresholding is proposed based on the current frame type and Lagrangian optimization. The new scheme is shown to improve the PSNR between 0.35 and 1.12 dB compared to the H.264 Test Model. The average improvement for all sequences is 0.63 dB, or equivalently a bit rate reduction of 11%.
View-dependent multiresolution splatting of non-uniform data (2002)

This paper develops an approach for the splat-based visualization of large scale, non-uniform data. A hierarchical structure is generated that permits detailed treatment at the leaf nodes of the non-uniform distribution. A set of levels of detail (LODs) are generated based on the levels of the hierarchy. These yield two metrics, one in terms of the spatial extent of the bounding box containing the splat and one in terms of the variation of the scalar field over this box. The former yields a view-dependent choice of LODs while the latter yields a view-independent LOD based on the field variation. To show the utility of this general approach it is applied to a set of application data for a whole earth environment and some test data. Performance results are given.
Delay analysis for fiber to the curb systems using ATM (2002)

In a fiber to the home (FTTH) system an optical fiber is dedicated to each customer. However, there may be applications requiring the sharing of the electronics among multiple customers using a fiber to the curb (FTTC) system. In such an application, the delay performance is more complex than the FTTH case because of allowing multiple customers to share the fiber upstream bandwidth. This paper covers this case and shows the maximum delay that can result for FTTC systems carrying ATM.
Hollow and Cage-Bell Structured Nanomaterials of Noble Metals (2012)

Mastery of the structure of nanomaterials enables control of their properties to enhance their performance for a given application. Herein we demonstrate the synthesis of metal nanomaterials with hollow interiors or cage-bell structures based on the inside-out diffusion of Ag in core-shell structured nanoparticles. It begins with the synthesis of core-shell Ag-M or core-shell-shell M(A)-Ag-M(B) nanoparticles in an organic solvent. Ag is then extracted from the core or the inner shell by bis(p-sulfonatophenyl)phenylphosphane, which binds strongly with Ag(I)/Ag(0) to allow the complete removal of Ag in 24-48 h, leaving behind an organosol of hollow or cage-bell structured metal nanomaterials. Because of their relatively lower densities, which usually translate to a higher surface area than their solid counterparts, the hollow and cage-bell structured metal nanomaterials are especially relevant to catalysis. For example, cage-bell structured Pt-Ru nanoparticles were found to display outstanding methanol tolerance for the cathode reaction of direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) as a result of the differential diffusion of methanol and oxygen in the cage-bell structure.
Electrorheological Damper Analysis Using an Eyring Constitutive Relationship (2017)

We validate and assess the applicability of an Eyring constitutive model. The Bingham plastic model has a zero shear rate discontinuity, which leads to inaccuracies in modeling and simulation, and is characterized by two rheological constants for a constant field: yield stress and postyield viscosity. The Eyring model has a smooth transition through the zero shear rate condition, and also has two rheological constants for a constant field. An ER (electrorheological) damper having a damping level comparable to a shock absorber for a small-sized passenger car damper is manufactured, and its performance is predicted using the Eyring model. To accurately identify the rheological parameters of the Eyring model, a parameter identification method was used. The damping force versus piston displacement and velocity behaviors of the ER damper are experimentally measured with respect to applied electric field and excitation frequency. To validate the Eyring model, the experimental results are compared with predictions in the damping force versus piston displacement and velocity behaviors.
Nonlinear optical properties of LiNbO3/Al2O3 films epitaxially grown by pulsed laser deposition (1998)

Abstract Numerous epitaxial LiNbO3 films, i.e., LiNbO3(0001)/Al2O3(0001), LiNbO3(0001)/Al2O3(1120), and LiNbO3(1120)/Al2O3(1120) films, were grown by pulsed laser deposition. Low deposition temperatures below 450°C were used in order to reduce a Li deficient phase, LiNb3O8. Structural properties of the films, including twin formation, were investigated by X-ray θ-2θ scan and pole figure techniques. Nonlinear optical properties of these films were investigated using the Marker fringe and the Senarmont methods. The nonlinear optical coefficients related to the SHG, i.e., d 31 and d 33, were measured and their values were found to be very close to the LiNbO3 single crystal values. It was also found that the SHG φ-scan can provide information on twin formations and in-plane orientation of the film. Electro-optic (EO) properties of the films were also studied. Films with different orientations display large differences in their EO properties: the epitaxial LiNbO3(0001) films show little EO effects, but the LiNbO3(1120) film shows a large quadratic EO behavior with an effective coefficient of 2.38×10×15 m2/V2.
Beam-Scanning Antenna Based on Near-Electric Field Phase Transformation and Refraction of Electromagnetic Wave Through Dielectric Structures (2020)

An elegant combination of electric near-field phase transformation technique and electromagnetic-wave refraction, implemented through a pair of 3D printed dielectric structures, has been used to demonstrate a Ka-band beam-scanning antenna system. The system comprises a resonant-cavity antenna (RCA), which is used as a base antenna, a stepped dielectric (SD), and a dielectric wedge (DW). The SD is suspended above RCA in the near-field region to focus its broadside beam at an offset angle of 20°. The DW is placed above the SD and its two opening angles are selected such that the offset-angle focused beam tilts further and moves back to the broadside when the DW is co- and counter-aligned with the SD, respectively. The total height of the antenna system is 8.1λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> , where λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> is the free-space wavelength at the operating frequency of 30 GHz. The total cost of the material used for printing the two dielectric structures in prototyping is only 6 USD. It has been demonstrated through measurements of the prototype that by rotating the DW around its own axis, the antenna beam can be scanned in both azimuth and elevation planes. The measured results indicate that antenna beam can effectively be scanned to any arbitrary angular position within a conical region having an apex angle of 68°, while maintaining peak-gain value within the 3 dB limit of the maximum gain of 16 dBi.
Observations Using Home-Based Resistance-Training Targeting Tetraplegics with Incomplete Spinal Cord Injuries - Feasibility Study (2006)

PURPOSE: Studies have demonstrated consistent adherence to an exercise program attenuates incidences of chronic disease. Individuals living with an incomplete spinal cord injury (ISCI) possess similar health needs as the general population but face substantial barriers when traveling outside the home. This study evaluated the effects of “home-based” elastic resistance-training on upper body muscular strength and endurance and daily physical functionality. METHODS: Using a sequential longitudinal design, a 3-month no exercise control period was followed by a 3-month intervention period (resistance-training 2x/week); 6 male volunteers with ISCI were evaluated at 0, 3 and 6 months. Outcome variables included muscular strength (estimated 1-RM), physical function (Wheelchair Physical Functional Performance (WC-PFP) test), and self-reported function (Sickness Impact Profile (SIP)). Inter-rater and test-retest reliability of the WC-PFP and strength measures were evaluated 1-week apart. Analyses: Statistical analyses included: 1) Intraclass correlation (ICC) for inter-rater and test-retest reliability; 2) Within subjects repeated measures analysis to evaluate resistance-training effect on dependent variables. RESULTS: Significant inter-rater reliability (ICC= 0.96–1.0, p <.01). Significant test-retest reliability for 2 of the 5 strength measures (ICC= 0.93–0.96, p <.05) and WC-PFP domain and total scores (ICC= 0.97–0.99, p <.01). Significant main effects change (p <.05, partial eta squared = 0.53–0.63) in latissimus dorsi strength (X=111.58±39.9 to X=1 27.16±37.6), WC-PFP total score (X=23.13±19.4 to X=24.97±21.9), and WC-PFP endurance (X=19.34±19.5 to X=22.24±22.6). Only the WC-PFP endurance increased due to the intervention (paired contrast significance of p=0.025). CONCLUSIONS WC-PFP has good reliability. Home-based resistance training using elastic bands is feasible in this population with promising results for improving upper body strength and endurance while enhancing daily functionality. Further investigation is warranted.