gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PROPAGATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES IN PLANAR BOUNDED PLASMA REGION (2007)

This paper aims at developing a technique to calculate the reflection, absorption, and transmission of electromagnetic waves by a bounded plasma region. The model chosen for this study is a magnetized, steady-state, two-dimensional, nonuniform plasma slab, which is presented by a number of parallel flat layers. It is assumed that the electron density is constant in each layer such that the overall electron density profile across the slab follows any prescribed distribution function. The proposed technique is referred to as Scattering Matrix Model (SMM). The fields in each layer are written in the form of summation of the appropriate eigen functions weighted by unknown scattering coefficients. These coefficients are determined via the application of the appropriate boundary conditions at each interface. The effect of varying the wave frequency and the plasma parameters on the reflected, transmitted, and absorbed powers are presented and discussed.
Supplementary Figure 1 from The Orphan Nuclear Receptor NR4A1 (Nur77) Regulates Oxidative and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Pancreatic Cancer Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 75KB, Supplemental Figure S1. Inactivation of NR4A1 induces ER stress and autophagy in vitro and in vivo.&lt;/p&gt;
L'addition des variables aléatoires définies sur une circonférence (1939)

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Large Cu wire wedge bonding process for power devices (2011)

Due to the high cost of gold, Cu-wire bonding is being used more and more on fine-pitch, high-pin-count IC devices. Medium-size Cu wire (>;1mil) has been used for bonding on power devices for years but has not become a popular interconnect option. Recently, however, successful bonding of large (16-mil) Cu wire on specifically metallized IGBTs was reported. Some of these devices showed 10 times the power-cycling life-span of standard Al wire bonded to Al die metallization. In order to develop and make this process production capable, K&S has developed a new Cu bond head that delivers bond forces, wire clamp forces, and ultrasonic power that are significantly higher than those typically achieved with Al wire. This rear-cut head is compatible with most current power-module designs. A modified V-groove bond tool for use with the new head enables bond shear and pull strengths that are 1.0 and 1.5 times the wire's tensile strength respectively.
Chromosomal Subunits in Active Genes Have an Altered Conformation (1976)

Ten percent digestion of isolated nuclei by pancreatic deoxyribonuclease I preferentially removes globin DNA sequences from nuclei obtained from chick red blood cells but not from nuclei obtained from fibroblasts, from brain, or from a population of red blood cell precursors. Moreover, the nontranscribed ovalbumin sequences in nuclei isolated from red blood cells and fibroblasts are retained after mild deoxyribonuclease I digestion. This suggests that active genes are preferentially digested by deoxyribonuclease I. In contrast, treatment of red cell nuclei with staphylococcal nuclease results in no preferential digestion of active globin genes. When the 11S monomers obtained after staphylococcal nuclease digestion of nuclei are then digested with deoxyribonuclease I, the active globin genes are again preferentially digested. The results indicate that active genes are probably associated with histones in a subunit conformation in which the associated DNA is particularly sensitive to digestion by deoxyribonuclease I.
Oral health care in the 21st century: It is time for the integration of dental and medical education (2020)

Major issues exist in the provision of oral health care in America, especially to underserved populations. Access to care, health disparities, an aging population with higher chronic disease burden, and rising healthcare costs continue to impact health outcomes for millions. The marginalization of oral health care, like that of behavioral health care, is a contributor. This perspective presents an idea whose time has come: putting the mouth back in the body. Several national reports stress the imperative to better integrate the practice of medicine and dentistry, including the first-ever Surgeon General's Report on Oral Health in 2000. A plan to lead a multifaceted integration of oral health into overall health is proposed. Leaders will come from new educational and practice models stressing teamwork, interprofessional education, innovative residency training programs and even dual degree options.
Histogram Matching for Camera Pose Neighbor Selection (2006)

A prerequisite to calibrated camera pose estimation is the construction of a camera neighborhood adjacency graph, a connected graph defining the pose neighbors of the camera set. Pose neighbors to a camera C are images containing sufficient overlap in image content with the image from C that they can be used to correctly estimate the pose of C using structure-from-motion techniques. In a video stream, the camera neighborhood adjacency graph is often a simple connected path; frame poses are only estimated relative to their immediate neighbors. We propose a novel method to build more complex camera adjacency graphs that are suitable for estimating the pose of large numbers of wide- and narrow-baseline images. We employ Content-Based Image Retrieval techniques to identify similar images likely to be graph neighbors. We also develop an optimization to improve graph accuracy that is based on an observation of common camera motions taken when photographing with the intent of structure-from-motion. Our results substantiate the use of our method for determining neighbors for pose estimation.
The adenovirus type 2 DNA-binding protein interacts with the major late promoter attenuated RNA (1989)

The adenovirus 72-kilodalton DNA-binding protein (DBP) binds to the attenuated RNA derived from the viral major late promoter. Protection from T1 RNase digestion can be observed when DBP is incubated with attenuated RNA. By using attenuated RNA labeled at one end, the T1 RNase digestion pattern can be mapped to residues located at specific sites in this RNA. Heterologous competitor RNAs do not alter the pattern of DBP protection of a labeled attenuated RNA, as does the identical attenuated RNA. These data indicate some specificity of the interaction between DBP and attenuated RNA. Adenovirus infection of monkey cells results in a more efficient attenuation of RNA initiated at the major late promoter and a reduced level of infectious virus. Adenovirus mutations in DBP relieve this restriction. These DBP mutant proteins do not change their binding properties to the attenuated RNA but suggest a mechanism by which DBP plays a role in the adenovirus host range restriction in monkey cells.
B lymphocyte ontogeny and immunoglobulin production. (1994)

In this paper we review different aspects of B cell development on the path from the proB cell to the memory B cell and the plasmocyte. Emphasis is given to the positive and negative selection effects mediated by the changing forms of the surface immunoglobulin (Ig) receptor under successive microenvironments. Positive selection is linked to lambda chain expression at the pro- and preB cell stage in fetal liver and bone marrow. Negative selection takes place when surface (s)IgM is being cross-linked by autoantigens before the immature B cell can leave, or after it has left, the bone marrow. After somatic mutation, major expansion becomes possible for B cells with high-affinity sIg receptors. This takes place in the germinal centres of the secondary lymphoid organs in the context of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) restriction and provided the necessary T cell help is given. Kinetic data on B cell replenishment in the rodent models are used to draw a schematic view of an established B cell repertoire.
PET Imaging of Breast Cancer Using F-18 Labeled Choline Analogs (2003)

Abstract : Mammography has proven effective for reducing mortality from breast cancer, however detection of some lesions is limited by dense breast tissue that obscures the tumor, and the specificity of mammography is low. Functional imaging with positron emission tomography (PET) may help improve detection and diagnosis of breast cancer, although, the diagnostic accuracy of primary breast tumors has been found to be hindered by low glycolytic rates, and nonspecific uptake by nonmalignant breast tissue. Imaging with fluorocholine (FCH) may help to overcome these limitations. An efficient and practical synthesis of FCH has been developed at our institution. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the potential utility of F-18 labeled choline (FCH) as a positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer for detection and diagnosis of breast cancer in women with highly suspicious breast lesions. Our goals are to determine: 1) the correlation between FCH uptake in primary breast cancer tumors and the histologic tumor type from subsequent pathology; 2) how FCH uptake in breast cancer tumors compares to F-18 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-glucose (FDG) (which is the current standard cancer imaging agent for PET) uptake in breast cancer tumors; and 3) if FCH can improve local staging of the breast in patients with recently diagnosed breast cancer (invasive or in situ).
Metastasis Results from Preexisting Variant Cells Within a Malignant Tumor (1977)

Clones derived in vitro from a parent culture of murine malignant melanoma cells varied greatly in their ability to produce metastatic colonies in the lungs upon intravenous inoculation into syngeneic mice. This suggests that the parent tumor is heterogeneous and that highly metastatic tumor cell variants preexist in the parental population.
Elevated plasma vitamin B12 levels and cancer prognosis: A population-based cohort study (2015)

Cancer patients with elevated Cbl levels had higher mortality than those with normal Cbl levels. These findings may have clinical significance for assessing the prognosis of cancer patients.
A Novel Synthesis of 1-Nosyl 3,3-Dichloro-β-Lactams and Derivatives (2008)

We report herein an efficient and simple route to synthesize 1-nosyl 3,3-dichloro-beta-lactams using a Staudinger reaction between N-nosyl imines and dichloroketene. The resulting dichloroazetidines were opened to afford highly functionalized building blocks.
Electrical characterization and annealing behavior of defect introduced in Si during sputter etching in an Ar plasma (1998)

We have employed current–voltage and capacitance–voltage measurements in conjunction with deep level transient spectroscopy to characterize the defects induced in n-Si during rf sputter etching in an Ar plasma. The reverse current, at a bias of 1 V, of the Schottky barrier diodes fabricated on the etched samples decreased nonmonotonically with etch time to a minimum at 6 min and, thereafter, increased. The reverse current also increased with decreasing plasma pressure. The barrier heights of the diodes followed the opposite trend. Six prominent electron traps were introduced in the substrate during Ar sputter etching. A comparison with the defects induced during high-energy alpha-particle and electron irradiation of the same material revealed that sputter etching created the VO and VP centers and V2−/0. The V2=/− charge state of the divacancy was not detected in our plasma etched samples. We have attributed the nondetection of V2=/− to the presence of defect-induced stress fields in the etched samples. A secondary defect with an energy level at Ec−0.219 eV was introduced during annealing and was found to be stable at 650 °C. This defect was introduced at the expense of a sputter-etching induced defect P4, which has similar electronic and annealing properties as EAr201 (Ec−0.201 eV), created in Ar-ion bombarded n-type Si.
Multi-fidelity metamodeling in turbine blade airfoils via transfer learning on manifolds (2023)

View Video Presentation: https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-0918.vid Uncertainty propagation and sensitivity analysis in expensive engineering design problems require meticulous selection of the experimental data and sophisticated analytic methods, in order to leverage the maximum amount of information that is carried within. Although a metamodeling approach typically suffices as a way to provide a cheap-to-evaluate generative model, classical surrogate methods often fail to accurately describe high dimensional outputs. In this work we attempt to tackle the challenging problem of airfoil shape optimization of a last-stage blade in an industrial gas turbine (IGT). Our proposed methodology consists of applying a manifold learning approach to reduce the output dimensionality of an aerodynamic assessment problem where the effect of the shape parameters of the last stage blade on several performance metrics is investigated. The approach makes use of diffusion maps that identify a low-dimensional embedding on which both low- and high-fidelity data, generated by CFD simulations, reside. Provided that the amount of low-fidelity data typically exceeds the number of high-fidelity experiments, we first construct a metamodel to map the airfoil shape parameters to the reduced low-fidelity outputs. Next, by assuming the existence of domain-invariant features between the output spaces on the two levels of fidelity, we perform transfer learning in order to improve the predictive performance of the initial metamodel so that it honors the available high fidelity data.
Optimization of Control Parameters for a Heavy-Duty CNG Engine via Co-Simulation Analysis (2011)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Internal combustion engines for vehicle propulsion are more and more sophisticated due to increasingly restrictive environmental regulations. In case of heavy-duty engines, Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) fueling coupled with Three-Way Catalyst (TWC) and Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) can help in meeting the imposed emission limits and preventing from thermal stress of engine components. To cope with the new issues associated with the more complex hardware and to improve powertrain performance and reliability and after-treatment efficiency, the engine control strategies must be reformulated. The paper focuses on the steady-state optimization of control parameters for a heavy-duty engine fueled by CNG and equipped with turbocharger and EGR. The optimization analysis is carried out to design EGR, spark timing and wastegate control, aimed at increasing fuel economy while reducing in-cylinder temperature to prevent from thermal stress of engine components. The engine is modeled by a 1-D commercial fluid-dynamic code for the simulation of intake and exhaust gas flow arrangement. In order to speed-up the computational time an empirical formulation based on the classical Wiebe function simulates the combustion process. Furthermore, an intensive identification analysis is performed to correlate Wiebe model parameters to engine operation and guarantee model accuracy and generalization even in case of high EGR rate. The optimization analysis is carried out by means of a co-simulation process in which the 1-D engine model is interfaced with a constrained minimization algorithm developed in the Matlab/Simulink® environment. In the paper, modeling approach and identification analysis are presented and the results of the experimental validation versus measured data at the test bench are shown. Furthermore, the optimization results over a set of operating points belonging to the standard European Transient Cycle (ETC) are presented and discussed.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Surface functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles for intravitreal application of tacrolimus (2020)

Tacrolimus (TAC), a potent immunosuppressive macrolide, has been investigated for ocular diseases due to promising results in the treatment of anterior and posterior segments eye diseases. Mesoporous and functionalized silica nanoparticles show potential as TAC delivery platforms owing to their interesting characteristic as large surface area, uniform pore size distribution, high pore volume, and excellent biocompatibility. The purpose of this study was to incorporate TAC in functionalized silica nanoparticles with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (MSNAPTES) and investigate the safety and biocompatibility of the systems. The MSNAPTES and MSNAPTES TAC nanoparticles were characterized. The <i>in vitro</i> cytotoxicity of MSNAPTES and MSNAPTES load with TAC (MSNAPTES-TAC) in retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19) was determined, chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay model was used to investigate the <i>in vivo</i> biocompatibility, and safety of intravitreal injection was evaluated using clinical examination (assessment of intraocular pressure and indirect fundus ophthalmoscopy), electroretinographic (ERG) and histologic studies in rats' eyes. The elemental analysis (CHN), thermogravimetric (TGA), photon correlation spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis confirmed the presence of functionalized agent and TAC in the MSNAPTES nanoparticles. TAC loading was estimated at 7% for the MSNAPTES TAC nanoparticles. MSNAPTES and MSNAPTES TAC did not present <i>in vitro</i> cytotoxicity. The drug delivery systems showed good biocompatibility on CAM. No retinal abnormalities, vitreous hemorrhage, neovascularization, retinal detachment, and optic nerve atrophy were observed during the <i>in vivo</i> study. Follow-up ERGs showed no changes in the function of the retina cells after 15 days of intravitreal injection, and histopathologic observations support these findings. In conclusion, MSNAPTES TAC was successfully synthesized, and physicochemical analyses confirmed the presence of TAC in the nanoparticles. <i>In vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> studies indicated that MSNAPTES TAC was safe to intravitreal administration. Taking into account the enormous potential of MSNAPTES to carry TAC, this platform could be a promising strategy for TAC ocular drug delivery in the treatment of eye diseases.
Supplementary Figure 3 from GM-CSF Promotes the Immunosuppressive Activity of Glioma-Infiltrating Myeloid Cells through Interleukin-4 Receptor-α (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 65K, mAb-mediated depletion of T-cells.&lt;/p&gt;
Application of the skin and bone integrated pylon with titanium oxide nanotubes and seeded with dermal fibroblasts (2014)

The study is devoted to the development of more safe and efficient technology of direct skeletal attachment of limb prostheses aimed in improving quality of life of people with amputations.
Electron Transfer from Bi-Isonicotinic Acid Emerges upon Photodegradation of N3-Sensitized TiO2 Electrodes (2017)

The long-term stability of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) is determined to a large extent by the photodegradation of their sensitizers. Understanding the mechanism of light-induced decomposition of dyes sensitizing a mesoporous oxide matrix may therefore contribute to solutions to increase the life span of DSSCs. Here, we investigate, using ultrafast terahertz photoconductivity measurements, the evolution of interfacial electron-transfer (ET) dynamics in Ru(4,4'-dicarboxylic acid-2,2'-bipyridine)<sub>2</sub>(NCS)<sub>2</sub> (N3) dye-sensitized mesoporous TiO<sub>2</sub> electrodes upon dye photodegradation. Under inert environment, interfacial ET dynamics do not change over time, indicating that the dye is stable and photodegradation is absent; the associated ET dynamics are characterized by a sub-100 fs rise of the photoconductivity, followed by long-lived (≫1 ns) electrons in the oxide electrode. When the N3-TiO<sub>2</sub> sample is exposed to air under identical illumination conditions, dye photodegradation is evident from the disappearance of the optical absorption associated with the dye. Remarkably, approximately half of the sub-100 fs ET is observed to still occur but is followed by very rapid (∼10 ps) electron-hole recombination. Laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry, attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared, and terahertz photoconductivity analyses reveal that the photodegraded ET signal originates from the N3 dye photodegradation product as bi-isonicotinic acid (4,4'-dicarboxylic acid-2,2'-bipyridine), which remains bonded to the TiO<sub>2</sub> surface via either bidentate chelation or bridging-type geometry.
MORAb-003, a fully humanized monoclonal antibody against the folate receptor alpha, for the potential treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer. (2007)

Morphotek Inc is developing MORAb-003, a humanized monoclonal antibody directed against folate receptor alpha, for the potential treatment of ovarian cancer. Phase II clinical trialsof MORAb-003, either alone or in combination with platinum/taxane chemotherapy, are underway in ovarian cancer patients experiencing their first disease recurrence.
Phycobilisome rod mutants in Synechocystis sp. strain PCC6803 (2004)

The phycobilisome is a large pigment-protein assembly that harvests light energy for photosynthesis. This supramolecular complex is composed of two main structures: a core substructure and peripheral rods. Linker polypeptides assemble phycobiliproteins within these structures and optimize light absorption and energy transfer. Mutations have been constructed in three rod-linker-coding genes located in the cpc operon of Synechocystis sp. strain PCC6803. The cpcC1 gene encoding the 33 kDa linker is found to be epistatic to cpcC2 encoding the 30 kDa linker, indicating a specific role for each of these two linkers in rod growth. This corroborates studies on the sequential degradation of phycobilisomes upon nitrogen starvation. Three allelic mutants affecting cpcC2 revealed a polar effect of commonly used cassettes (aphI, aadA) on the operon steady-state transcripts and an effect of rod linker availability on the amount of phycocyanin incorporated in the phycobilisome. This led to the proposal that regulation of rod length could occur through processing of transcripts upstream of the cpcC2 gene.
ScienceSpace: virtual realities for learning complex and abstract scientific concepts (1996)

Three virtual worlds have been built to investigate the effect of immersive, multisensory computer-generated experiences on learning topics in science. Currently targeted at high school and beginning college students, these worlds address Newtonian mechanics, electrostatics, and molecular structure and dynamics. Data has been collected on usability and learning through questionnaires, pre- and post-tests, in situ prediction and experiment and post-session interviews. The results are not uniformly conclusive but suggest that students can improve their mastery of abstract concepts through the use of virtual environments that have been designed for learning. Moreover, usability studies have identified many significant problems that have been addressed in successive refinements of these worlds. Future work will include collaborative learning studies (both local and distant), use of intelligent agents, and comparison with two-dimensional microworlds.
Storing and accessing live mashup content in the cloud (2010)

Today's Rich Internet Application (RIA) technologies such as Ajax, Flex, or Silverlight, are designed around the client-server paradigm and cannot easily take advantage of replication, publish-subscribe, or peer-to-peer mechanisms for better scalability or responsiveness. This is particularly true of storage: content is typically persisted in data centers and consumed via web services. We propose1 a checkpointed channel (CC) abstraction as an alternative model for storing and accessing content. CCs are architecture-agnostic: they could be implemented as web services, but also as replicated state machines running over peer-to-peer multicast protocols. They can seamlessly span across the data center boundaries, or live at the edge. They are a more natural way of consuming streaming content. CCs can store hierarchical documents with hyperlinks to other CCs, thus forming a web of interconnected CCs: a live scalable information space. We discuss the advantages of the new abstraction, challenges it poses, and the way it fits within the existing models for RIA development.