gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of an efficient and robust multimedia gateway for pervasive communication (2008)

In this paper, we present the design and implementation details of an efficient and robust multimedia gateway which enables ubiquitous multimedia wireless communication. Primarily, we studied current technological trend and realized that in order to support various network technologies and to handle high call traffic conditions, a robust and efficient gateway is required for the universal adaptability and transcoding. To achieve the performance improvement of the gateway, we focus on efficiently implementing the H.245, which is the main call handling and signaling protocol. In our method, sets of H.245 messages are compiled, used and stored in a table so as to be reused for further incoming calls. After implementing this procedure, we have successfully tested our 3G-IP gateway that is robust enough for smoothly handling up to one million concurrent calls. It is also experimentally verified that our gateway provides the feature of invariant call setup time even in high traffic condition. As ubiquitous communications among the heterogeneous networks are in demanding today and our gateway will play the key role in this area.
Inadvertent Implications of the War Powers Resolution (2012)

The constitutional infirmity of the War Powers Resolution has been uniformly demonstrated by more than four decades of bipartisan experience. The Resolution manifestly fails to eliminate the healthy interbranch tensions that are in our constitutional DNA with respect to military deployments. In its context, the override of President Nixon’s veto represented little more than a stark act of congressional opportunism. The President’s veto message was prescient in warning that the Resolution is “dangerous to the best interests of our Nation.” This article suggests that the act represents an attempted abdication of the enumerated obligation of Congress to oversee military operations via the appropriations power. It describes reasons why our republic would be well served by clear-eyed reassessment of the War Powers Resolution. It spawned three serious defects: 1) it displaced good faith dialogue between the co-equal branches with after the fact litigation, 2) it highlights American political will as the weakest strand of otherwise formidable military capacity, and 3) it creates a perverse inventive to reverse engineer military operations based on statutory language in ways that undermine strategic objectives. American lives and interests are ill-served by these inadvertent implications.
Studies on the Phenylphenol Derivatives with Biological Activity (1968)

Herbicidal activities of chloro-substituted phenylphenols were investigated. The de-rivatives of o-phenylphenol and p-phenylphenol exhibited different selective toxicity between radish and rice, the latter appeared to have a specific inhibitory activity against the root growth of rice. As an attempt to analyze the correlation of herbicidal activity and chemical structure, the dissociation constant and the substituent constant π were ap-plied in this investigation. The herbicidal activity correlated linearly with pK-value.
Effect of Gestational Age on Fetal and Intervillous Blood Gas and Acid-Base Values in Human Pregnancy (1988)

SOOTHILL, PETER W.; NICOLAIDES, KYPROS H.; RODECK, CHARLES H.; CAMPBELL, STUART Author Information
The cost of losing: an analysis of commercial weight-loss programs in a metropolitan area. (1992)

Thirty-four million adult Americans are obese (greater than 30% above ideal body weight). 1990 national Health Objectives state that 50% of all adults should adopt weight-loss and exercise regimes. This recommendation has caused a dramatic surge in the number and variety of weight-loss programs currently available. A parallel surge has occurred in the cost of these weight-loss programs. This wide variation in personal expenditure (and treatment provided) necessitates a review of the programs and their cost to the participant. The cost of a 12-week outpatient commercial weight-loss program can range from $2,120 for the most expensive very low-calorie diet program to $108 for the least expensive nutrient-balanced hypocaloric diet program. This article reviews 11 commercial diet programs in the Boston area and analyzes the out-of-pocket cost paid to the clinic by the participant to lose 1 kg on each program. Given the complexity of treatment to achieve long-term weight control, knowledge of financial obligations is important.
Synthesis and characterization of dendritic star‐shaped poly(ϵ‐caprolactone)‐block‐poly(L‐lactide) block copolymers (2007)

Abstract Dendritic star‐shaped poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐ block ‐poly( L ‐lactide) (PCL‐ b ‐PLLA) diblock copolymers were synthesized via sequential ring‐opening polymerization. In the first step, an aliphatic dendritic polyester containing 16 terminal hydroxyl groups was used as the core molecule to initiate the ring‐opening polymerization of ε‐caprolactone, which was catalyzed by stannous(II) octanoate, to obtain dendritic star‐shaped poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) terminated with hydroxyls, which was used further to initiate the ring‐opening polymerization of L ‐lactide to form the dendritic star‐shaped diblock copolymers. The dendritic star‐shaped polymers (PCL‐ b ‐PLLA) were characterized with nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography. The results showed that the arm length of the dendritic star‐shaped polymers could be well controlled in terms of the molar ratios of the initiators (i.e., the aliphatic dendritic polyester and star‐shaped PCL) to the monomers (i.e., ε‐caprolactone and L ‐lactide). The crystalline structure and thermal properties of the dendritic star‐shaped polymers were investigated with X‐ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. The X‐ray diffraction indicated that the formation of the dendritic star‐shaped topological structure did not affect the structure of the crystals of PCL and poly( L ‐lactide) (PLLA) blocks. The thermal analyses showed that the crystallization rate of the PCL blocks in the block copolymers was greatly reduced compared to that in the parent dendritic star‐shaped PCL. This observation could be attributed to the confinement of the dendritic core and PLLA blocks upon the crystallization of the PCL blocks. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Gated cardiac SPECT/CT: Slow CT or fast CT? (2008)

257 Objectives: Manufacturers have taken two approaches to SPECT/CT. The “slow rotation” CT design has the CT complete a full rotation in 15 seconds, resulting in an attenuation map with breathing artifacts due to sinogram inconsistencies. The “fast rotation” design has the CT complete a rotation in 0.6 seconds to provide a breath-hold attenuation map. Methods: A digital phantom with physiologic motion (4DNCAT) and a Monte Carlo simulator (SimSET) were used to create ten respiratory-gated SPECT data sets, and slow- and fast-CT acquisitions, approximating two popular clinical products. (Cardiac motion not modeled.) SPECT data was reconstructed using slow- and fast-CT derived attenuation maps (fast-CT at end tidal volume), and compared with SPECT data reconstructed using a gated-CT derived attenuation map (gold-standard). Polar plots were calculated for each reconstruction, and root mean squared (RMS) error was calculated relative to the gold-standard on a pixel-by-pixel basis for each respiratory phase. Results: RMS errors were dependent upon the phase of the respiratory cycle for SPECT reconstruction using either slow- or fast-CT attenuation maps. Compared with Slow CT, the Fast CT approach quantitatively improved SPECT image contrast and RMS error averaged over all respiratory phases from 0.043 to 0.033. Conclusions: Since each SPECT projection is acquired over all phases of the respiratory cycle, whereas CT is not, both slow and fast CT approaches result in SPECT artifacts. We found that SPECT scans corrected for attenuation using fast-CT at end tidal volume had better quantitative accuracy than attenuation correction based on slow-CT.
Drugs and Sports (2008)

The use of drugs by American athletes has come under increasing scrutiny. As steroids, stimulants, and supplements have become more easily available and salaries and endorsement deals have become more lucrative, it seems that more athletes are availing themselves of substances designed to improve their performance - whether legal or illegal. But what kinds of restrictions and punishments should athletes face? Should the federal government get involved, or should it be up to professional sports associations to police their members? And is the problem of drugs in sports really just an example of overblown media coverage? Drugs and Sports considers these and other issues from different viewpoints in a balanced account of this controversial topic.
A cross- sectional study on prevalence of hypertension and its relationship with selected demographic factors in western Uttar Pradesh (2014)

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are major contributors of morbidity and mortality in the middle aged and elderly population. &lt;strong&gt;Aim: &lt;/strong&gt;The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence/distribution of hypertension in persons aged 45 years or above and to find the association with certain selected demographic factors. &lt;strong&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; The study used a cross-sectional community based survey of the civilian, non-institutionalized population of Agra district through an in-home interview and a clinical examination (measurement of blood pressure). A total of 544 persons from an urban and rural community were selected by multistage simple random sampling technique. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; Out of total 544 participants, 47% and 53% were from urban and rural area respectively. Maximum participants were in the age group of 45-54 year (47.43%).The prevalence of hypertension significantly increased with increasing age, being 28.29% in 45-54 year age group to 62.07% in 75+ age group with statistically significant (p&amp;lt;0.001) difference .The overall prevalence of hypertension was found to be 36.42%, which was more common (41.96%) in urban area as compared to rural area (31.46%). Males and females had almost equal (36.49% Vs 35.92%) prevalence of hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension was found to be highest in urban males (40.90%). It was also significantly higher among graduate &amp;amp; above educated group (45.32%). In regard to occupation the hypertension prevalence was lowest among the unskilled laborers (27.27%) and highest among shopkeeper/clerk/teacher/professionals (51.81%) with a significant difference. Majority of the urban participants (50%) were from socioeconomic class I &amp;amp; II, whereas majority from rural background (59.77%) were in socioeconomic class IV &amp;amp; V. The prevalence of hypertension decreased significantly (p&amp;lt;0.01) from` 51.11% in S.E. class-I to 30.25% in class-V. About 17.14% of the retired and unemployed persons were having stage II hypertension. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; Strategies to detect and treat hypertension in the early stage have to be implemented early.&lt;/p&gt;
σ-Ferrocenyl-Komplexe der frühen Übergangsmetalle – Synthese und Struktur / σ-Ferrocenyl Complexes of the Early Transition Metals – Synthesis and Structure (1988)

Abstract Ferrocenyllithium, FcLi (1), reacts with (C 5 H 4 CH 3 ) 2 TiCl 2 , CpTiCl, and Cp*TiCl 3 to give the new σ-ferrocenyl complexes (C 5 H 4 CH 3 ) 2 TiFc 2 (2), CpTiFc 3 (3) and Cp*Ti(Fc) 2 Cl (4), respectively. Treatment of Cp* 2 ZrCl 2 with FcLi yields the mono-substitution product Cp* 2 Zr(Fc)Cl (5), which has been characterized by an X-ray structure analysis. Compound 5 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2 1 /c (a = 1622.3(6), b = 995.0(2), c = 1664.3(6) pm; β = 94.78(3)°; Z = 4). Due to the sterically demanding pentamethylcyclopentadienyl ligands 5 contains a long zirconium-carbon bond (231.4(8) pm) and the Cp rings of the ferrocenyl substituent are tilted by 10.2°. The syntheses of CpZrFc 3 (6), Cp*HfFc 3 (7) and Cp 2 VFc 2 (8) are also described.
Animal models for gastric Helicobacter immunology and vaccine studies (1999)

Over the last decade animal models have been used extensively to investigate disease processes and therapy for Helicobacter pylori infections. The H. pylori animal models which have been used in pathogenesis and vaccine studies include the gnotobiotic pig, non-human primates, cats, dogs, and several species of rodents including mice, rats, gerbils and guinea pigs. H. felis infection of mice and H. mustelae infection of ferrets have also been used. Recently, investigators have begun using transgenic mice and gene-targeted 'knock-out' mice to investigate Helicobacter infections. Each of these animal models has distinct advantages and disadvantages which are discussed in this minireview. The choice of an animal model is dictated by factors such as cost and an understanding of how each model will or will not allow fulfillment of experimental objectives.
Development of a Smartphone Application for 4th-6th Grade Elementary Students Aimed to Prevent Childhood Obesity (2016)

습관과 신체활동 습관은 성인기까지 지속되어 소아기의 건강 문제뿐 아니라 성인이 된 이후의 건강 문제에도 영향을 미치게 된다. 2012 년 학교건강검사 표본조사 결과에 의하면, 우리나라 초등학생은 10 명 중 약 3명만이 매일 채소를 섭취하는 반면, 절반 이상이 주 1회 이 상 패스트푸드를 섭취하였고, 3명 중 약 1명의 초등학생이 하루 2시간 이상 TV를 보고 있어 식습관과 신체활동 습관에 문제가 있었다. 이 는 소아 비만의 증가로 이어져 초등학생의 비만율은 2008년 11.0%에 서 2012년 14.2%로 꾸준히 증가하고 있다. 소아 비만의 예방 및 관리 를 위해서는 올바른 영양, 신체활동 및 생활습관에 대한 지속적인 교 육이 필요하다. 소아의 건강습관 개선과 비만 예방을 위한 학교, 가족, 지역사회 중 심의 많은 중재 프로그램들이 그동안 시도되었지만, 소아 비만 문제 를 해결하는 데에는 한계가 있어, 소아 비만 예방에 효과적인 또 다른 초등학교 4-6학년 학생의 비만 예방을 위한 스마트 폰 어플리케이션 개발
A High-Accuracy Phasor Estimation Algorithm for PMU Calibration and Its Hardware Implementation (2020)

Phasor measurement units (PMUs) are one of the most effective devices for measuring power system dynamics, and it is critically important that they have good performance. This paper proposes a high-accuracy synchrophasor estimation algorithm and builds a PMU calibrator to offer reference values for PMU test and calibration in the laboratory. Based on a general signal-fitting model, a nonlinear-fitting-based phasor and frequency estimation algorithm using an iterative solution are proposed. A rate-of-change-of-frequency (ROCOF) estimation method using the filter spectrum characteristic of a least-squares method is proposed to improve ROCOF measurement accuracy under dynamic conditions. For PMU laboratory tests, an interference suppression method and a post-processing method for step tests are presented. Then, the selected hardware for the PMU calibrator is tested, and its influence on phasor measurement is analyzed. Simulations and experiments verify that the accuracy of the calibrator is at least 30 times better than the requirements in PMU compliance standards of both IEEE and China, indicating that it can be used for PMU testing and calibration. In addition, the calibrator is also verified that it can offer references with high accuracy under combined tests, since the proposed algorithm is based on one general signal-fitting model.
Surgical Repair of Remediable Postinfarction Cardiogenic Shock in the Elderly: Early and Long‐Term Results (1986)

The in-hospital mortality associated with acute myocardial infarction rises markedly with advancing age. It is not established whether the elderly may benefit from early surgical repair of postinfarction cardiogenic shock due to ventricular septal defect (VSD), acute severe mitral regurgitation (MR), or left ventricular power failure. Eighteen consecutive patients between the ages of 66 and 79 (mean, 72 years) and in cardiogenic shock underwent surgical repair, most with counterpulsation support, within one week of developing VSD, MR, or left ventricular power failure. Of ten patients with VSD, five (50%) survived. Three of seven patients with MR (43%) and the only patient with power failure survived for an overall survival of 50%. The nine long-term survivors were followed up for six months to five years (mean 31 months) by personal interviews with the patient or referring physician. There was one late death, due to congestive heart failure, ten months after the operation. Of the remaining eight patients, seven are categorized as New York Heart Association class I, and one as class II. These patients have all been able to live and function independently after cardiac operation. The authors conclude that older patients with postinfarction cardiogenic shock may benefit from early operation and that advanced age does not preclude successful surgical outcome. Furthermore, operation may result in excellent long-term quality of life.
Fabrication and Optical Properties of Erbium-Doped Silicon-Rich Silicon Oxide Nanofibers (2007)

Synthesis of Er-doped silicon-rich silicon oxide (SRSO) nanofibers bundled into yarns was successfully achieved. Photoluminescence (PL) studies of the yarns detected a strong and sharp band at 1.530 μm at room temperature, which is attributed to Er ions excited by energy transfer from photogenerated carriers in Si nanoclusters (nc-Si). The effective absorption cross-section of the first excited state of the Er ions is estimated to be 1.86 × 10-16 cm-2, higher by several orders of magnitude than that in an Er-doped SiO2 host, due to the presence of nc-Si that serves as a sensitizer in the SRSO nanofibers. In order to investigate the luminescence mechanism of the Er ions, PL spectra excited by incident light of different wavelengths were measured. We found that both the peak position and line shape of the Er ion emissions are unaffected by the incident wavelength. The results indicate that the Er ion luminescence in the SRSO nanofibers is completely dominated by ions located at sites that are strongly coupled to the carriers in the nc-Si. We also found that the intensity of luminescence decreases by less than 30% as the temperature is raised from 10 K to room temperature, indicating that thermal quenching is significantly reduced.
Thermopower and resistivity in amorphous Mg/sub 1-x/Zn/sub x/ alloys (1982)

Thermopower and resistivity have been measured on a series of Mg1-xZnx amorphous alloys (0.2<X<0.35) over the temperature range 4-300 K. The thermopower data cannot be explained on the basis of the simple Ziman model. Using a two-component model, which can be considered as an extreme simplification of the Faber-Ziman theory of liquid-metal alloys, we were able to fit the experimental data over the entire range of compositions. The success of this model strongly implies that the usual simplification of average properties involved in the simple Ziman model is inappropriate to amorphous metal alloys.
Removing the Hot-Spots in High Power Devices Using the Thermoelectric Cooler and Micro Heat Pipe (2012)

Due to localized high heat fluxes, hot-spots are created in silicon chips. Cooling of the hot-spots is one of the major thermal challenges in today’s integrated circuit (IC) industry. Many researches have been conducted to find ways to cool hot-spots using different techniques as uniform heating is highly desired. This paper focuses on cooling of hot-spot using conventional thermoelectric cooler (Melcor_CP1.0-31-05L.1) and a micro heat pipe. A chip package with conventional integrated heat spreader and heat sink was designed. Hot-spot was created at the center of the silicon die with background heat at rest of the area. The heat flux on the hot-spot was much greater than rest of the area. Forced convection was used to cool IC package, temperature was observed at active side of the silicon die. After that a copper conductor was used to take away heat directly from the hot-spot of the silicon die to the other end of the conductor which was cooled using the thermoelectric cooler. Finally the conductor was replaced by a heat pipe and a comparison between three cases was done to study the cooling performance using the commercial software, ANSYS Icepak. The effect of trench on silicon die was also studied. In this paper the United States Patent, Patent No. US 6,581,388 B2, Jun. 24 2000 [8] as shown in Fig. 1 (b) was modified by replacing the conductor with a micro heat pipe to solve the hot-spots problem in electronic packaging.
2.56Tbit/s (40Gbit/s × 64WDM) Unrepeatered 230km Transmission with 0.8bit/s/Hz Spectral Efficiency Using Low-Noise Fiber Raman Amplifier and 170µm -Aeff Fiber (2001)

We have demonstrated 50GHz-spaced 40Gbit/s × 64WDM unrepeatered transmission over 230km using a low-noise Raman amplifier, 170µm2-Aeff fiber and bandlimited RZ signals without polarization-demultiplexing at the receiver. 2.56Tbit/s capacity was transmitted with only 25.8nm bandwidth.
Which images to label for few-shot medical landmark detection? (2022)

The success of deep learning methods relies on the availability of well-labeled large-scale datasets. However, for medical images, annotating such abundant training data often requires experienced radiologists and consumes their limited time. Few-shot learning is developed to alleviate this burden, which achieves competitive performances with only several labeled data. However, a crucial yet previously overlooked problem in few-shot learning is about the selection of template images for annotation before learning, which affects the final performance. We herein propose a novel Sample Choosing Policy (SCP) to select “the most worthy” images for annotation, in the context of few-shot medical landmark detection. SCP consists of three parts: 1) Self-supervised training for building a pre-trained deep model to extract features from radiological images, 2) Key Point Proposal for localizing informative patches, and 3) Representative Score Estimation for searching the most representative samples or templates. The advantage of SCP is demonstrated by various experiments on three widely-used public datasets. For one-shot medical landmark detection, its use reduces the mean radial errors on Cephalometric and HandXray datasets by 14.2% (from 3.595mm to 3.083mm) and 35.5% (4.114mm to 2.653mm), respectively.
Glutarimidedioxime: A Complexing and Reducing Reagent for Plutonium Recovery from Spent Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing (2016)

Efficient separation processes for recovering uranium and plutonium from spent nuclear fuel are essential to the development of advanced nuclear fuel cycles. The performance characteristics of a new salt-free complexing and reducing reagent, glutarimidedioxime (H2A), are reported for recovering plutonium in a PUREX process. With a phase ratio of organic to aqueous of up to 10:1, plutonium can be effectively stripped from 30% tributyl phosphate (TBP) in kerosene into 1 M HNO3 with H2A. The complexation-reduction mechanism is illustrated with the combination of UV/Vis absorption spectra and the crystal structure of a Pu(IV) complex with the reagent. The fast stripping rate and the high efficiency for stripping Pu(IV), through the complexation-reduction mechanism, is suitable for use in centrifugal contactors with very short contact/resident times, thereby offering significant advantages over conventional processes.
An ISP-Scale Deployment of TapDance (2018)

In this talk, we will report initial results from the world's first ISP-scale field trial of a refraction networking system. Refraction networking is a next-generation censorship circumvention approach that locates proxy functionality in the middle of the network, at participating ISPs or other network operators. We built a high-performance implementation of the TapDance refraction networking scheme and deployed it on four ISP uplinks with an aggregate bandwidth of 100 Gbps. Over one week of operation, our deployment served more than 50,000 real users. The experience demonstrates that TapDance can be practically realized at ISP scale with good performance and at a reasonable cost, potentially paving the way for long-term, large-scale deployments of TapDance or other refraction networking schemes in the future. We will close by discussing interactions between refraction networking and emerging web standards.