gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The role of the Ito cell in perivenular and intralobular fibrosis in alcoholic hepatitis. (1983)

The role of the Ito cells in perivenular and intralobular scarring in alcoholic liver disease was examined morphologically. There was a substantial decrease in the number of Ito cells in the midzone of the hepatic lobule in both fatty liver and alcoholic hepatitis as judged by light microscopy. By electron microscopy, however, an increase in "activated" Ito cells or a few fibroblasts were found in small foci of fibrosis in association with inflammation and hepatocellular degenerative changes in most cases of alcoholic hepatitis. Cytoplasmic protrusions of activated Ito cells extended to the hepatocytes undergoing degenerative changes including Mallory body formation. There was an apparent transition from Ito cells to activated Ito cells and to fibroblasts. It is suggested that Ito cells may play a role in perivenular and intralobular fibrosis in alcoholic hepatitis.
Direct induction of tissue factor synthesis by endotoxin in human macrophages from diverse anatomical sites. (1983)

On exposure to endotoxin and other stimuli, human peripheral-blood mononuclear cells generate a potent procoagulant activity (PCA), identified as tissue factor. Although it is now recognized that the monocytes are the source of PCA, the question whether these cells per se are capable of procoagulant response to endotoxin or require lymphocyte collaboration remains unsettled. We have investigated the capacity of highly purified human macrophages from diverse anatomical sites to generate PCA following endotoxin stimulation. Purified (greater than 99%) monocyte-derived macrophages were obtained by prolonged (3-10 days) in-vitro culture of adherent monocytes using medium supplemented with 50% human serum. Purified (greater than 95%) peritoneal and milk macrophages were isolated by adherence to plastic. PCA was measured before and after incubation (4 hr at 37 degrees) with endotoxin (Salmonella enteritidis LPS, W or Escherichia coli O111:B4LPS, W, 1 microgram/ml final concentration) using a one-stage clotting assay and/or a two-stage amidolytic assay. Monocyte-derived macrophages had low baseline PCA (14-19 units/10(5) cells) but, upon exposure to endotoxin, displayed an eight-fold increase in PCA over control. Peritoneal and milk macrophages expressed very low baseline activity (1-5 units/10(5) cells). The latter, however, increased 15-20 times over control following endotoxin stimulation. PCA was identified as tissue factor by biological and immunological criteria. Its generation was completely abolished by cycloheximide. It is concluded that in the human mononuclear phagocyte series the capacity to produce PCA is not restricted to circulating monocytes but is also expressed by macrophages obtained from diverse anatomical sites. These macrophages appear to be autonomous in their procoagulant response to endotoxin.
Stereoregulation in Cationic Polymerization by Designed Lewis Acids. 1. Highly Isotactic Poly(isobutyl vinyl ether) with Titanium-Based Lewis Acids (1999)

Highly isotactic-specific cationic polymerization has been achieved for isobutyl vinyl ether (IBVE) with bis[(2,6-diisopropyl)phenoxy]titanium dichloride [TiCl2{OC6H4i-Pr2(2,6-)}2 (2)] as a Lewis acid catalyst (activator) to be coupled with the IBVE−HCl adduct (initiator). The polymerization, homogeneous and quantitative, was carried out in n-hexane at −78 °C in the presence of a bulky pyridine (2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylpyridine) to give isotactic-rich polymers with a meso dyad (m) = 90−92% (M̄n ∼ 20 000). Under similar conditions unsubstituted counterparts (TiCl4, SnCl4, etc.) gave nearly atactic products (m = 68%). With catalyst 2, the isotactic content m increased at lower temperature, in less polar solvents, and with the added pyridine (m = 64−92%). To design Lewis acids for stereoregulation, a series of titanium dichlorides [TiCl2(OAr)2] were also employed where the metal center carries two substituted phenoxy groups, and a pronounced dependence of isotacticity was observed on the bulkiness, positions, and structure of ring substituents on OAr. Overall, isopropyl groups at 2,6-positions led to the highest isotacticity, whereas bulkier or planarlike groups such as tert-butyl or phenyl were less effective, suggesting that not only bulkiness but also three-dimensional shapes of Lewis acids are critical in stereoregulation in cationic polymerization.
Rapid measurement of brain macromolecular proton fraction with transient saturation transfer MRI (2016)

Experiments performed on human brain in vivo at 3 and 7 T demonstrate the ability of the method to robustly determine f in a scan time of approximately 5 min. Magn Reson Med 77:2174-2185, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Calcium influx inhibits MT1‐MMP processing and blocks MMP‐2 activation (1997)

We have previously reported that concanavalin A (ConA)-induced MMP-2 activation involves both transcriptional and non-transcriptional mechanisms. Here we examined the effects of calcium influx on MT1-MMP expression and MMP-2 activation in MDA-MB-231 cells. The calcium ionophore ionomycin caused a dose-dependent inhibition of ConA-induced MMP-2 activation, but had no effect on MT1-MMP mRNA levels. However, Western analysis revealed an accumulation of pro-MT1-MMP (63 kDa), indicating that ionomycin blocked the conversion of pro-MT1-MMP protein to the active 60 kDa form. This suggests that increased calcium levels inhibit the processing of MT1-MMP. This finding may help to elucidate the mechanism(s) which regulates MT1-MMP activation.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Dehydrogenative Functionalization of C(sp2)—H Bonds (2014)

Abstract Review: recent advances with a focus on the period from 2011 to early 2013; 96 refs.
Separation of Boron Isotopes. VI. Ethyl Ether, Ethyl Sulfide, and Triethylamine-BF3 Systems (1964)

The BF3 complexes of ethyl ether, ethyl sulfide, and triethylamine were studied. Isotopic equilibrium constants for the reactions B10F3(g)+B11F3·donor(l)⇌B10F3(g)+B10F3·donor(l) were measured at several temperatures for each of the three systems. Vapor pressures of the ethyl sulfide complex, and rates of exchange of boron between BF3 and BF3·Et3N were also determined.
Structure and Reactivity of a Hafnocene μ‐Nitrido Prepared From Dinitrogen Cleavage (2012)

Carbonylation of the strongly activated hafnocene dinitrogen complex, [{(η5-C5H2-1,2,4-Me3)2Hf}2(μ2,η2,η2-N2)], in the presence of electron-rich 4-substituted pyridines resulted in isolation of rare μ-nitrido hafnocene complexes prepared from N2 cleavage. The electronic and molecular structures as well as the intermediacy in NC bond forming reactions has been determined. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Adaptive load frequency control of Nigerian hydrothermal system using unsupervised and supervised learning neural networks (2004)

This work presents a novel load frequency control design approach for a two-area power system that relies on unsupervised and supervised learning neural network structure. Central to this approach is the prediction of the load disturbance of each area at every minute interval that is uniquely assigned to a cluster via unsupervised learning process. The controller feedback gains corresponding to each cluster center are determined using modal control technique. Thereafter, supervised learning neural network (SLNN) is employed to learn the mapping between each cluster center and its feedback gains. A real time load disturbance in either or both areas activates the appropriate SLNN to generate the corresponding feedback gains. The effectiveness of the control framework is evaluated on the Nigerian hydrothermal system. Several far-reaching simulation results obtained from the test system are presented and discussed to highlight the advantages of the proposed approach.
Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on C-peptide and 25-hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations at 3 and 6 Months (2015)

The link between African-Americans' disproportionate rates of diabetes, obesity and vitamin D deficiency may be marked by C-peptide as an indicator of insulin secretion. We hypothesize that vitamin D supplementation will increase C-peptide, a marker of insulin secretion. During 3 winters from 2007-2010, 328 healthy African-Americans (median age, 51 years) living in Boston, MA were randomized into a 4-arm, double-blind trial for 3 months of placebo, 1000, 2000, or 4000 IU of vitamin D3. The differences in non-fasting C-peptide between baseline and 3 months were -0.44 ng/mL for those receiving placebo, -0.10 ng/mL for those receiving 1000 IU/d, 0 ng/mL for those receiving 2000 IU/d, 1.24 ng/mL for those receiving 4000 IU/d (C-peptide increased 0.42 ng/mL for each additional 1000 IU/d of vitamin D3, p < 0.001). Vitamin D supplementation increased C-peptide in overweight African-Americans and may be compatible with other recommendations for diabetes prevention and management including weight loss and increased physical activity.
Role of Axl in target organ inflammation and damage due to hypertensive aortic remodeling (2022)

We have shown that excessive endothelial cell stretch causes release of growth arrest-specific 6 (GAS6), which activates the tyrosine kinase receptor Axl on monocytes and promotes immune activation and inflammation. We hypothesized that GAS6/Axl blockade would reduce renal and vascular inflammation and lessen renal dysfunction in the setting of chronic aortic remodeling. We characterized a model of aortic remodeling in mice following a 2-wk infusion of angiotensin II (ANG II). These mice had chronically increased pulse wave velocity, and their aortas demonstrated increased mural collagen. Mechanical testing revealed a marked loss of Windkessel function that persisted for 6 mo following ANG II infusion. Renal function studies showed a reduced ability to excrete a volume load, a progressive increase in albuminuria, and tubular damage as estimated by periodic acid Schiff staining. Treatment with the Axl inhibitor R428 beginning 2 mo after ANG II infusion had a minimal effect on aortic remodeling 2 mo later but reduced the infiltration of T cells, γ/δ T cells, and macrophages into the aorta and kidney and improved renal excretory capacity, reduced albuminuria, and reduced evidence of renal tubular damage. In humans, circulating Axl<sup>+</sup>/Siglec6<sup>+</sup> dendritic cells and phospho-Axl<sup>+</sup> cells correlated with pulse wave velocity and aortic compliance measured by transesophageal echo, confirming chronic activation of the GAS6/Axl pathway. We conclude that brief episodes of hypertension induce chronic aortic remodeling, which is associated with persistent low-grade inflammation of the aorta and kidneys and evidence of renal dysfunction. These events are mediated at least in part by GAS6/Axl signaling and are improved with Axl blockade.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> In this study, a brief, 2-wk period of hypertension in mice led to progressive aortic remodeling, an increase in pulse wave velocity, and evidence of renal injury, dysfunction, and albuminuria. This end-organ damage was associated with persistent renal and aortic infiltration of CD8<sup>+</sup> and γ/δ T cells. We show that this inflammatory response is likely due to GAS6/Axl signaling and can be ameliorated by blocking this pathway. We propose that the altered microvascular mechanical forces caused by increased pulse wave velocity enhance GAS6 release from the endothelium, which in turn activates Axl on myeloid cells, promoting the end-organ damage associated with aortic stiffening.
Implementation of an LTCC Quad-band Module for WLAN and WiMAX Applications (2008)

In this paper, a compact quad-band module for Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) and Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) applications is realized by Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramic (LTCC) technology. The quad-band module is composed of four bandpass filters, and matching networks, which are fully embedded in the LTCC substrate, and two MMIC switches are attached on the substrate via bond wires. The fabricated quad-band module has 11 layers and it occupies less than 6.0 mm times 4.0 mm times 0.528 mm. In case of WLAN-band operation, the measured insertion losses are less than 3.8 dB in both 2 GHz and 5 GHz bands. In case of WiMAX-band operation, the insertion losses are less than 3.8 dB in both 3 GHz and 5 GHz bands. A return loss and rejection characteristics are good at all bands. The measured results of the implemented quad-band module are in pretty good agreement with the simulated results.
Exogenous and Endogenous two-photon absorption for Intratissue Refractive Index Shaping (IRIS) in corneal tissue (2011)

Both exogenous and endogenous two-photon absorption were shown to significantly enhance femtosecond laser micromachining in corneal tissue. Comparison with previous results without two-photon enhancement demonstrated a much larger refractive index change up to 0.037.
Does the Encapsulation Strategy of Pt Nanoparticles with Carbon Layers Really Ensure Both Highly Active and Durable Electrocatalysis in Fuel Cells? (2022)

Platinum is a key component of commercialized proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) to lower the energy cost of the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at the cathode. Beyond the significant advances in improving its initial activity, securing catalytic durability is the next challenge for the successful implementation of PEMFCs. Encapsulation of Pt nanoparticles (NPs) with thin carbon or silica layers has recently been highlighted as a promising strategy for alleviating Pt degradation. However, unexpectedly similar or occasionally even better catalytic activity on site-blocked Pt NPs has raised fundamental interest about the nature of their catalytic sites and the origin of the prolonged durability. Herein, to answer these questions, we investigate the ORR and methanol oxidation reaction activities of carbon-encapsulated Pt NP (C@Pt/C) catalysts. By controlling the robustness of the carbon shells synthetically and electrochemically, directly exposed Pt sites, at which facile transport of reactant/product molecules occurs via the loosely packed or highly defective carbon layers, are identified as the main catalytic sites. Interestingly, online differential electrochemical mass spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry coupled to electrochemical flow cells verify a trade-off relationship between the activity and stability of the catalysts. In addition to their role as a physical barrier for prohibiting the dissolution and agglomeration of the Pt NPs, the carbon shell acts as a sacrificial agent, questioning the practical legitimacy of the strategy for achieving both high activity and durability.
Low order wavefront sensing and control for WFIRST-AFTA coronagraph (2015)

To maintain the required WFIRST Coronagraph starlight suppression performance in a realistic space environment, a low order wavefront sensing and control (LOWFS/C) subsystem is necessary. The LOWFS/C uses the rejected stellar light from coronagraph to sense and suppress the telescope pointing drift and jitter as well as the low order wavefront errors due to changes in thermal loading on the telescope and the rest of the observatory. In this paper we will present an overview of the low order wavefront sensing and control subsystem for the WFIRST Coronagraph. We will describe LOWFS/C’s Zernike wavefront sensor concept and control design, and present an overview of sensing performance analysis and modeling, predicted line-of-sight jitter suppression loop performance, as well as the low order wavefront error correction with the coronagraph’s deformable mirror. We will also report the LOWFS/C testbed design and the preliminary in-air test results, which show promising performance of the Zernike wavefront sensor and FSM feedback loop.
A randomized trial of inhaled levodopa (CVT‐301) for motor fluctuations in Parkinson's disease (2016)

CVT-301 self-administered during OFF episodes provided rapid improvement of motor function, and daily OFF time was significantly reduced at the higher dose. CVT-301 was generally safe and well-tolerated. © 2016 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Surface Configuration Design of Cable-Network Reflectors Considering the Radiation Pattern (2014)

Since the curved surface of a cable-network reflector is generally approximated by regular flat facets, the electromagnetic performance of the cable-network reflector is determined by the size and shape of the facets. In many cases, the geometric approximation errors of the facets are periodically distributed on the surface, which can result in strong grating lobes. First, in this paper, the periodicity of the geometric approximation error and the effects of this periodicity on the EM performance are investigated. Second, the periodic geometric approximation errors of the regularly faceted configurations are disturbed by three proposed approaches, and three new types of surface configurations are thus formed. The first approach is to introduce radial direction disturbance parameters, the second one is to change the shape of the outlines and the last one is to use a Penrose-tiling-like configuration. The first two approaches are carried out in combination with the optimization strategies. Finally, the effects of the mentioned disturbance parameters on the EM performance are simulated, and some numerical examples are given to show that the surface configurations proposed in this paper can reduce the grating lobes level obviously, without either decreasing the gain or increasing the structural complexity of the cable-network reflectors.
Effect of c-myb on the progesterone and estradiol production of rat luteal cells (1999)

The effects of c-myb antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (antisense c-myb ODN) on the hCG-induced progesterone and estradiol production of isolated rat luteal cells and th eir effect of cAMP a nd Ca~(2+) were investigated. The result implied that cAMP and Ca~(2+) might be involved in regulating the expression of c-myb protooncogene, in luteal cells and then regulate luteal cell function.
Dimers of Ketenylidene‐ and N‐Phenylketeniminylidene‐triphenylphosphorane (1977)

A new type of “push-pull” cyclobutadiene is encountered in the resonance formula (1) of the dimers of \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}${\rm Ph}_3 \mathop {\rm P}\limits^ \oplus \raise1pt\hbox{---}\mathop {\rm C}\limits^ \ominus \raise1pt\hbox{=\kern-3.45pt=} {\rm C} \raise1pt\hbox{=\kern-3.45pt=} {\rm X}, {\rm X}\raise1pt\hbox{=\kern-3.45pt=}{\rm O}$\end{document} or NPh. The dimers form yellow crystals which melt with decomposition at 278–280 or 178°C, respectively.
Effect of plant sterol and galactooligosaccharides enriched beverages on oxidative stress and longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans (2019)

This study evaluates the impact of two plant sterol (PS) enriched fruit beverages (0.6 g /100 ml), without (MfB) or with GOS (MfB-G) (1.2 g/100 ml) on the resistance against oxidative stress induced by non-conventional (cholesterol oxidation products (COPs)) and conventional (H2O2) oxidant compounds, as well as their impact on C. elegans longevity. Nematodes fed with both beverages (0.005–0.25%, v/v) showed similar improved oxidative stress resistance against COPs and H2O2. This effect was dependent on daf-16 transcription factor, although GOS showed an additional beneficial effect independent to daf-16. In addition, both beverages extended nematode lifespan, independently of the presence of GOS. Longevity assays using daf-16 and daf-2 mutant strains revealed that the observed effect was potentially linked to the insulin-IGF-1 pathway. These results provide new in vivo evidence for the potential use of PS enriched fruit beverages in the prevention of oxidative stress underlying many diseases.
Determination of Pre-Treatment Procedure Required for Developing Bio-Binders from Bio-Oils (2009)

Most bituminous adhesives or binders that are used for pavement materials are derived mainly from fossil fuels. Due to the availability of large quantities of biorenewable sources such as triglyceride oils, proteins, starch, and other carbohydrates from different organic sources, there are virtuous technical and economic prospects in utilizing them to produce bio-binders. Recently, through the application of scientific research and development, a range of different vegetable oils have been investigated to determine their physical and chemical properties to study their applicability to be used as bio-binders. Bio-binders can be utilized in three different ways to decrease the demand for fossil fuel-based bituminous binders: a direct alternative binder (100% replacement), a bitumen extender (25% to 75% bitumen replacement), or a bitumen modifier (<10% bitumen replacement). In this paper, only the applicability of developing bio-binders from bio-oils to be utilized as a direct alternative (100% replacement) has been investigated. Recently, according to Superpave specifications and requirements, the design of pavement material should be based upon the pavement distresses. Hence, investigating the rheological properties of a pavement binder is very important in order to determine the pavement distresses and hence, to predict and evaluate the pavement performance. Temperature and the addition of polymer modifiers play major roles in changing the viscosity and the rate of aging of the bio-oils. The rheological properties, mainly viscosity, of three different types of bio-oils have been investigated to determine the pretreatment temperature and duration required to develop bio-binders. The three different types of bio-oils used are oak flour, switchgrass, and corn stover. In addition, three different polymer modifiers, two polyethylenes, and an oxidized polyethylene, have been blended with the bio-oils to study their effect on the rheological properties of the bio-oils. Notably, the rates of aging and oxidation due to temperature have been studied through measuring the viscosity of the bio-oils during eight hours and then determining the aging index.
Partial volume correction for PET quantification and its impact on brain network in Alzheimer’s disease (2017)

Amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) imaging is a valuable tool for research and diagnosis in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Partial volume effects caused by the limited spatial resolution of PET scanners degrades the quantitative accuracy of PET image. In this study, we have applied a method to evaluate the impact of a joint-entropy based partial volume correction (PVC) technique on brain networks learned from a clinical dataset of AV-45 PET image and compare network properties of both uncorrected and corrected image-based brain networks. We also analyzed the region-wise SUVRs of both uncorrected and corrected images. We further performed classification tests on different groups using the same set of algorithms with same parameter settings. PVC has sometimes been avoided due to increased noise sensitivity in image registration and segmentation, however, our results indicate that appropriate PVC may enhance the brain network structure analysis for AD progression and improve classification performance.