gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Efficient TDMA Scheduling Scheme for Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks (2008)

This paper presents an efficient time slot assignment algorithm for a wireless sensor and actor network (WSAN), which consists of stationary sensors for detecting events and mobile actors for performing tasks. TDMA protocols are suitable for WSAN due to time-critical tasks, which are assigned to actors. In order to improve the performance of TDMA protocol, a time slot assignment algorithm should generate not only efficient TDMA scheduling but also reduce periodic run-time overhead. The proposed algorithm offers O(δ2) run-time in the worst case, where δ is the maximum number of one-hop and two-hop neighbors in the network. The average run-time in simulation results is far less than O(δ2), however, while the maximum number of assigned slots is bounded by O(δ). In order to reduce the run-time further, we introduce two fundamental processes in the distributed slot assignment and design the algorithm to optimize these processes. We also present an analysis and verify it using ns-2 simulations. Although the algorithm requires time synchronization and prior knowledge of two-hop neighbors, simulation results show that it reduces the run-time significantly and has good scalability in dense networks.
Resolution enhancement and autofocusing in digital holographic microscopy by using structured illumination (2013)

In this paper we show how resolution enhancement and autofocusing in digital holographic microscopy (DHM) is obtained by using structured illumination. The structured illumination is generated by a spatial light modulator, and enables to project fringes of different orientations and phase shift without mechanical movement. The combination of the structured illumination and DHM improves the resolution of phase and amplitude imaging. Furthermore, the image plane is numerically determined by searching for the minimal deviation between the reconstructed images carried by different diffraction orders of the structured illuminations. The method can be applied to both amplitude and phase object.
The role of DNA breaks in genomic instability and tumorigenesis (2003)

DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) represent dangerous chromosomal lesions that can lead to mutation, neoplastic transformation, or cell death. DSBs can occur by extrinsic insult from environmental sources or may occur intrinsically as a result of cellular metabolism or a genetic program. Mammalian cells possess potent and efficient mechanisms to repair DSBs, and thus complete normal development as well as mitigate oncogenic potential and prevent cell death. When DSB repair (DSBR) fails, chromosomal instability results and can be associated with tumor formation or progression. Studies of mice deficient in various components of the non-homologous end joining pathway of DSBR have revealed key roles in both the developmental program of B and T lymphocytes as well as in the maintenance of general genome stability. Here, we review the current thinking about DSBs and DSBR in chromosomal instability and tumorigenesis, and we highlight the implications for understanding the karyotypic features associated with human tumors.
Inducing constraint activity in innovative design (1991)

In this paper, a methodology for inducing trends in a first principle reasoning system for design innovation is presented. Dimensional Variable Expansion is used in 1stPRINCE (FIRST PRINciple Computational Evaluator) to create additional design variables and introduce new prototypes. Trends are observed at each generation of the prototype and induction is used to predict optimal constraint activity at the limit of the iterative procedure. The inductive mechanism is applied to a constant-radius beam under flexural load and a tapered beam of varying radius and superior performance is derived. A circular wheel is created from a primitive-prototype consisting of a rectangular, spinning block that is optimized for minimum resistance to spinning. Although presented as a technique to perform innovative design, the inductive methodology can also be utilized as an AI approach to shape optimization.
Progesterone Receptor Structure and Function Altered by Geldanamycin, an hsp90-Binding Agent (1995)

The assembly of progesterone receptor (PR) heterocomplexes in vitro involves at least eight components of the molecular chaperone machinery, and as earlier reports have shown, these proteins exhibit complex, dynamic, but ordered, interactions with one another and PR. Using the selective hsp90 binding agent geldanamycin (GA), we have found that PR assembly in vitro can be arrested at a previously observed intermediate assembly step. Like mature PR complexes, the intermediate complexes contain hsp90, but they differ from mature complexes by the presence of hsp70, p60, and p48 and the absence of immunophilins and p23. Arrest of PR assembly is likely due to GA's ability to directly block binding of p23 to hsp90. An important functional consequence of GA-mediated assembly arrest in vitro is the inability of the resulting PR complexes to bind progesterone, despite the presence of hsp90 in the receptor complexes. The biological significance of the in vitro observations is demonstrated by GA's ability to (i) rapidly block PR's hormone binding capacity in intact cells and (ii) alter the composition of COS cell PR complexes in a manner similar to that observed during in vitro reconstitutions. An updated model for the cyclic assembly pathway of PR complexes that incorporates the present findings with earlier results is presented.
Biological Recognition of Enantiomeric Silanes and Germanes: Syntheses and Antimuscarinic Properties of the Enantiomers of the Si/Ge Analogues Cyclohexyl(hydroxymethyl)phenyl(2‐Piperidinoethyl)silane and ‐Germane and Their Methiodides (1995)

The enantiomers of the Si/Ge analogues cyclohexyl(hydroxymethyl)phenyl-(2-piperidinoethyl)silane and -germane and their methiodides were synthesized and investigated with respect to their affinities at muscarinic M1, M2, and M3 receptors. The compounds displayed pronounced stereoselective antimuscarinic action, the (R)-enantiomers being more potent than the corresponding (S)-antipodes. The receptor affinities of the respective Si/Ge analogues were found to be very similar, indicating a strongly pronounced Si/Ge bioisosterism.
Novel approaches to Arabic speech recognition: report from the 2002 Johns-Hopkins Summer Workshop (2003)

Although Arabic is currently one of the most widely spoken languages in the world, there has been relatively little speech recognition research on Arabic compared to other languages. Moreover, most previous work has concentrated on the recognition of formal rather than dialectal Arabic. This paper reports on our project at the 2002 Johns Hopkins Summer Workshop, which focused on the recognition of dialectal Arabic. Three problems were addressed: (a) the lack of short vowels and other pronunciation information in Arabic texts; (b) the morphological complexity of Arabic; and (c) the discrepancies between dialectal and formal Arabic. We present novel approaches to automatic vowel restoration, morphology-based language modeling and the integration of out-of-corpus language model data, and report significant word error rate improvements on the LDC Arabic CallHome task.
Detection Limits of DLS and UV‐Vis Spectroscopy in Characterization of Polydisperse Nanoparticles Colloids (2013)

Dynamic light scattering is a method that depends on the interaction of light with particles. This method can be used for measurements of narrow particle size distributions especially in the range of 2–500 nm. Sample polydispersity can distort the results, and we could not see the real populations of particles because big particles presented in the sample can screen smaller ones. Although the theory and mathematical basics of DLS technique are already well known, little has been done to determine its limits experimentally. The size and size distribution of artificially prepared polydisperse silver nanoparticles (NPs) colloids were studied using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and ultraviolet‐visible (UV‐Vis) spectroscopy. Polydisperse colloids were prepared based on the mixture of chemically synthesized monodisperse colloids well characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), DLS, and UV‐Vis spectroscopy. Analysis of the DLS results obtained for polydisperse colloids reveals that several percent of the volume content of bigger NPs could screen completely the presence of smaller ones. The presented results could be extremely important from nanoparticles metrology point of view and should help to understand experimental data especially for the one who works with DLS and/or UV‐Vis only.
TRISO-coated spent fuel processing using a Grind-Leach head-end (2005)

Processing of TRISO-coated HTGR fuels with the grind-leach process requires that the fuel be finely pulverized for efficient and effective acid dissolution of the fuel components. Mechanical size reduction of the fuel is being investigated with jet mill technology as the final milling step. Laboratory experiments were performed with surrogates of crushed fuel compacts that indicate that milling to very small particle sizes is feasible. The size distribution of the milled product is sensitive to the solids feed rate, and the distribution may be bimodal which could support an effective solid-solid separation. (author)
All-optical switching and real-time spectroscopy of soliton molecules in a few-cycle laser oscillator (2019)

Bound states of femtosecond solitons are generated and controlled in a commercial sub-10 fs Kerr-lens mode-locked ultrashort oscillator. Using real-time time-stretch interferometry, we resolve the resonance of vibrating soliton molecules and demonstrate all-optical switching between stable bound-states of different binding distance.
Aluminum-Enhanced Underwater Electrical Discharges for Steam Explosion Triggering (1999)

For a number of years, we have been initiating steam explosions of single drops of molten materials with pressure and flow (bubble growth) transients generated by discharging a capacitor bank through gold bridgewires placed underwater. Recent experimental and theoretical advances in the field of steam explosions, however, have made it important to substantially increase these relatively mild transients in water without using high explosives, if possible. To do this with the same capacitor bank, we have discharged similar energies through tiny strips of aluminum foil submerged in water. By replacing the gold wires with the aluminum strips, we were able to add the energy of the aluminum-water combustion to that normally deposited electrically by the bridgewire explosion in water. The chemical enhancement of the explosive characteristics of the discharges was substantial: when the same electrical energies were discharged through the aluminum strips, peak pressures increased as much as 12-fold and maximum bubble volumes as much as 5-fold above those generated with the gold wires. For given weights of aluminum, the magnitudes of both parameters appeared to exceed those produced by the underwater explosion of equivalent weights of high explosives.
A Microfluidic Platform to design crosslinked Hyaluronic Acid Nanoparticles (cHANPs) for enhanced MRI (2016)

Recent advancements in imaging diagnostics have focused on the use of nanostructures that entrap Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Contrast Agents (CAs), without the need to chemically modify the clinically approved compounds. Nevertheless, the exploitation of microfluidic platforms for their controlled and continuous production is still missing. Here, a microfluidic platform is used to synthesize crosslinked Hyaluronic Acid NanoParticles (cHANPs) in which a clinically relevant MRI-CAs, gadolinium diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (Gd-DTPA), is entrapped. This microfluidic process facilitates a high degree of control over particle synthesis, enabling the production of monodisperse particles as small as 35 nm. Furthermore, the interference of Gd-DTPA during polymer precipitation is overcome by finely tuning process parameters and leveraging the use of hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) of surfactants and pH conditions. For both production strategies proposed to design Gd-loaded cHANPs, a boosting of the relaxation rate T<sub>1</sub> is observed since a T<sub>1</sub> of 1562 is achieved with a 10 μM of Gd-loaded cHANPs while a similar value is reached with 100 μM of the relevant clinical Gd-DTPA in solution. The advanced microfluidic platform to synthesize intravascularly-injectable and completely biocompatible hydrogel nanoparticles entrapping clinically approved CAs enables the implementation of straightforward and scalable strategies in diagnostics and therapy applications.
Iterative quantization of digital amplitude holograms (1989)

An iterative concept is suggested to quantize digital amplitude holograms. It is based on an iterative Fourier transform algorithm. A stepwise introduction of the quantization constraint results in a convergent algorithm. The production of holograms is described and their optical reconstructions are presented.
A Sensitivity Study on a Hybrid FE/MB Human Middle Ear Model (2012)

The human middle ear includes the tympanic membrane and the ossicular chain. The finite element method is capable of representing the complex geometry and the material orthotropy of the tympanic membrane. On the contrary, the ossicles can be considered as rigid bodies and a multi-body approach can be adopted. In the present study a multi-body model of the ossicular chain and other structures (joints, ligaments and muscle tendons) of the middle ear was developed and combined with a finite element model of the tympanic membrane through a feedback control strategy. An optimization procedure was used to calibrate unspecified or uncertain parameters with the aim of reproducing ascertained experimental literature data. The sensitivity of the calibrated models to both tympanic membrane and ossicular chain parameters was investigated. Material, geometrical and inertial parameters were considered, in particular those whose values were most widespread in the literature.
Development of Reactions of Silacyclopropanes as New Methods for Stereoselective Organic Synthesis (2000)

In this Account, we describe the development of stereospecific, stereoselective, regioselective, and chemoselective carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions of silacyclopropanes that occur under mild conditions. By appropriate choice of metal salt catalyst, the regiochemistry of these reactions may be tuned to give the desired product. Stereoselective nucleophilic substitution reactions and stereospecific oxidation of the C-Si bond to a carbon-oxygen bond demonstrate that the products of these reactions serve as useful intermediates for the synthesis of polyoxygenated organic molecules.
Influence of Glass Fiber and Fly Ash on the Mechanical Properties of Concrete (2016)

Conservation of natural resources is the key requirement for maintaining ecological balance. Thus, there is a need to find alternate construction materials. In that direction, the present experimental investigation is carried out to investigate the mechanical properties of glass fiber reinforced fly ash concrete with fly ash replacement of 0%, 20% and 40% by weight of cement and addition of glass fibers of length 12 mm and diameter 14 micron in four different volume fractions of 0%, 0.5%, 1% and 1.5%. Compressive strength is measured by testing standard cubes (150 mm x 150 mm x 150 mm) at the age of 7, 28 and 56 days. Flexural strength is measured by testing standard prisms (100 mm x 100 mm x 500 mm) at the age of 28 and 56 days. Splitting tensile strength and modulus of elasticity are measured by testing standard cylinders (150 mm dia x 300 mm height) at the age of 28 and 56 days.
Anorectal Malignancies Presenting as a Perianal Abscess or Fistula (2022)

A high index of suspicion is required to make the diagnosis of perianal tumors when assessing patients presenting with perianal sepsis, particularly those with Crohn's disease, a long history of persistent perianal disease, and an advanced age. In most cases, proper drainage followed by proximal diversion are the surgical treatment of choice in the acute setting.
Synthetic Studies of the Tridentatols (1999)

The tridentatols are conjugated tyramine derivatives isolated from the Atlantic hydroid Tridentata marginata and have potentially useful properties in sunscreen applications. Preparations of tridentatol C and two tridentatol A analogues bearing the unusual N-[bis(methylthio)methylene] functional group are described.
Distributed Reinforcement Learning with ADMM-RL (2019)

NREL researcher Peter Graf discusses distributed reinforcement learning with ADMM-RL as part of the Innovative Optimization and Control Methods for Highly Distributed Autonomous Systems workshop. NREL hosted the workshop to exchange ideas on state-of-the-art control and optimization strategies as well as get feedback on work being done at NREL.
Use of polymerase chain reaction for early identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in positive cultures. (1992)

The method described can be used to identify M tuberculosis isolates cultured in the Bactec system at the earliest detectable rise in growth index. It may therefore allow cultured mycobacteria to be identified at an earlier stage than conventional methods or the commercially available DNA probes adapted for use with the Bactec system.
Transcatheter Device Closure of Interatrial Septal Defects in Patients with Hypoxia (2005)

Percutaneous closure of IASDs in a heterogeneous group of patients with hypoxia can be safely and effectively performed. The procedure results in immediate arterial saturation improvement and reduced right-to-left shunting.
Active Learning Using Smooth Relative Regret Approximations with Applications (2011)

The disagreement coefficient of Hanneke has become a central data independent invariant in proving active learning rates. It has been shown in various ways that a concept class with low complexity together with a bound on the disagreement coefficient at an optimal solution allows active learning rates that are superior to passive learning ones. We present a different tool for pool based active learning which follows from the existence of a certain uniform version of low disagreement coefficient, but is not equivalent to it. In fact, we present two fundamental active learning problems of significant interest for which our approach allows nontrivial active learning bounds. However, any general purpose method relying on the disagreement coefficient bounds only fails to guarantee any useful bounds for these problems. The tool we use is based on the learner's ability to compute an estimator of the difference between the loss of any hypotheses and some fixed "pivotal" hypothesis to within an absolute error of at most $\eps$ times the
Figure S4 from EGFR Cooperates with EGFRvIII to Recruit Macrophages in Glioblastoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Western blotting of IκB and p-IκB from protein lysates of U87 cells expressing EGFR, EGFRvIII, or both genes.&lt;/p&gt;
Physiologically‐Based Pharmacokinetic Model Development, Validation, and Application for Prediction of Eliglustat Drug–Drug Interactions (2022)

Eliglustat is a glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor indicated as a long-term substrate reduction therapy for adults with type 1 Gaucher disease, a lysosomal rare disease. It is primarily metabolized by cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6), and variants in the gene encoding this enzyme are important determinants of eliglustat pharmacokinetics (PK) and drug-drug interactions (DDIs). The existing drug label addresses the DDIs to some extent but has omitted scenarios where both metabolizing CYPs (2D6 and 3A4) are mildly or moderately inhibited. The objectives of this study were (i) to develop and validate an eliglustat physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model with and without drug interactions, (ii) to simulate untested DDI scenarios, and (iii) to explore potential dosing flexibility using lower dose strength of eliglustat (commercially not available). PK data from healthy adults receiving eliglustat with or without interacting drugs were obtained from literature and used for the PBPK model development and validation. The model-predicted single-dose and steady-state maximum concentration (C<sub>max</sub> ) and area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of eliglustat were within 50-150% of the observed values when eliglustat was administered alone or coadministered with ketoconazole or paroxetine. Then as model-based simulations, we illustrated eliglustat exposure as a victim of interaction when coadministered with fluvoxamine following the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) dosing recommendations. Second, we showed that with lower eliglustat doses (21 mg, 42 mg once daily) the exposure in participants of intermediate and poor metabolizer phenotypes was within the outlined safety margin (C<sub>max</sub> <250 ng/mL) when eliglustat was administered with ketoconazole, where the current recommendation is a contraindication of coadministration (84 mg). The present study demonstrated that patients with CYP2D6 deficiency may benefit from lower doses of eliglustat.
LAS-NCS: A Laser-Assisted Spintronic Neuromorphic Computing System (2019)

In spintronic-based neuromorphic computing systems (NCSs), the switching of magnetic moment in a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) is used to mimic biological neuron firing. However, the high currents required for MTJ switching will lead to a large energy consumption and low speed operation of the MTJ-based NCSs. In this brief, the energy consumption and the delay of the proposed MTJ-based NCS are reduced by thermally assisting the MTJ switching through a microwatt nanosecond laser pulse. Simulation results show 85.7%, 84%, and 97.8% improvements in energy consumption, delay, and energy-delay product, respectively, for the laser-assisted spintronic NCS (LAS-NCS) by heating the MTJs up to 127 °C. The energy consumption of the laser pulse for heating up the MTJ stack is 1.2×-2.4× lower than Joule heating method. Moreover, in contrast with Joule heating method, the LAS-NCS does not require MTJ with modified structure.
Über den Einfluß isolierter Gitterstörungen auf den elektrischen Widerstand elektronischer Halbleiter und seine Temperaturabhängigkeit (1949)

Abstract Der Einfluß isolierter Störstellen auf die Energieeigenwertverteilung wird unter-sucht und dabei die Strukturempfindlichkeit von e in der phänomenologischen Leitfähigkeits-Formel σ = a exp (-ε/kT) abgeleitet. Der von W.Meyer gefundene Zusammenhang zwischen a und s läßt sich jedoch nur auf Grund einer - zwar plausibeln - Hilfsannahme über die Abhängigkeit des Elektronenimpulses von der Gitterstörung er-klären. Im Zusammenhang mit der Deutung eines in gewissen Bereichen positiven Temperaturkoeffizienten des Widerstands wird auf einige Besonderheiten der Fermi-Statistik hingewiesen. I. Das experimentelle Tatsachenmaterial D er Temperaturgang der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit o von Halbleitern läßt sich i. allg. bekanntlich gut durch die empirische Formel σ - a exp (- £ / k T) (1,1)