gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparative Safety and Immunogenicity of Two Attenuated Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Vaccine Strains in Healthy Adults (2006)

A vaccine against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is needed to prevent diarrheal illness among children in developing countries and at-risk travelers. Two live attenuated ETEC strains, PTL002 and PTL003, which express the ETEC colonization factor CFA/II, were evaluated for safety and immunogenicity. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 19 subjects ingested one dose, and 21 subjects ingested two doses (days 0 and 10) of PTL-002 or PTL-003 at 2 x 10(9) CFU/dose. Anti-CFA/II mucosal immune responses were determined from the number of antibody-secreting cells (ASC) in blood measured by enzyme-linked immunospot assay, the antibody in lymphocyte supernatants (ALS) measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and fecal immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels determined by ELISA. Time-resolved fluorescence (TRF) ELISA was more sensitive than standard colorimetric ELISA for measuring serum antibody responses to CFA/II and its components, CS1 and CS3. Both constructs were well tolerated. Mild diarrhea occurred after 2 of 31 doses (6%) of PTL-003. PTL-003 produced more sustained intestinal colonization than PTL-002 and better IgA response rates: 90% versus 55% (P = 0.01) for anti-CFA/II IgA-ASCs, 55% versus 30% (P = 0.11) for serum anti-CS1 IgA by TRF, and 65% versus 25% (P = 0.03) for serum anti-CS3 IgA by TRF. Serum IgG response rates to CS1 or CS3 were 55% in PTL-003 recipients and 15% in PTL-002 recipients (P = 0.02). Two doses of either strain were not significantly more immunogenic than one. Based on its superior immunogenicity, which was comparable to that of a virulent ETEC strain and other ETEC vaccine candidates, PTL-003 will be developed further as a component of a live, oral attenuated ETEC vaccine.
Association of the pitch canker fungus, Fusarium subglutinans f.sp. pini , with Monterey pine seeds and seedlings in California (1998)

The causal agent of pitch canker disease of pines, Fusarium subglutinans f.sp. pini , is a recent introduction to California. The work presented here demonstrates that this pathogen is seed‐borne in Monterey pine ( Pinus radiata ). The pathogen was isolated from up to 83% of seeds collected from cones on recently infected branches. Seedling emergence from infested Monterey pine seeds was 9%, compared with 67% for uninfested seeds. The fungus was isolated more frequently from seedlings originating from diseased branches than from symptomless branches. However, more than 50% of seeds from symptomless Monterey pine branches produced symptomless seedlings from which the pathogen was isolated. It is hypothesized that F. s . pini is carried within the seeds, where it may remain dormant until germination. The implications of these findings for the regeneration of native and landscape‐planted Monterey pines, and for the transport of this non‐native pathogen in pine seeds and seedlings to previously uninfested areas, are discussed.
The effects of fixation target size and luminance on microsaccades and square-wave jerks (2013)

A large amount of classic and contemporary vision studies require subjects to fixate a target. Target fixation serves as a normalizing factor across studies, promoting the field's ability to compare and contrast experiments. Yet, fixation target parameters, including luminance, contrast, size, shape and color, vary across studies, potentially affecting the interpretation of results. Previous research on the effects of fixation target size and luminance on the control of fixation position rendered conflicting results, and no study has examined the effects of fixation target characteristics on square-wave jerks, the most common type of saccadic intrusion. Here we set out to determine the effects of fixation target size and luminance on the characteristics of microsaccades and square-wave jerks, over a large range of stimulus parameters. Human subjects fixated a circular target with varying luminance and size while we recorded their eye movements with an infrared video tracker (EyeLink 1000, SR Research). We detected microsaccades and SWJs automatically with objective algorithms developed previously. Microsaccade rates decreased linearly and microsaccade magnitudes increased linearly with target size. The percent of microsaccades forming part of SWJs decreased, and the time from the end of the initial SWJ saccade to the beginning of the second SWJ saccade (SWJ inter-saccadic interval; ISI) increased with target size. The microsaccadic preference for horizontal direction also decreased moderately with target size . Target luminance did not affect significantly microsaccades or SWJs, however. In the absence of a fixation target, microsaccades became scarcer and larger, while SWJ prevalence decreased and SWJ ISIs increased. Thus, the choice of fixation target can affect experimental outcomes, especially in human factors and in visual and oculomotor studies. These results have implications for previous and future research conducted under fixation conditions, and should encourage forthcoming studies to report the size of fixation targets to aid the interpretation and replication of their results.
Dietary Restriction: Critical Co-Factors to Separate Health Span from Life Span Benefits (2012)

Dietary restriction (DR), typically a 20%-40% reduction in ad libitum or "normal" nutritional energy intake, has been reported to extend life span in diverse organisms, including yeast, nematodes, spiders, fruit flies, mice, rats, and rhesus monkeys. The magnitude of the life span enhancement appears to diminish with increasing organismal complexity. However, the extent of life span extension has been notoriously inconsistent, especially in mammals. Recently, Mattison et al. reported that DR does not extend life span in rhesus monkeys in contrast to earlier work of Colman et al. Examination of these papers identifies multiple potential confounding factors. Among these are the varied genetic backgrounds and composition of the "normal" and DR diets. In monkeys, the correlation of DR with increased health span is stronger than that seen with life span and indeed may be separable. Recent mechanistic studies in Drosophila implicate non-genetic co-factors such as level of physical activity and muscular fatty acid metabolism in the benefits of DR. These results should be followed up in mammals. Perhaps levels of physical activity among the cohorts of rhesus monkeys contribute to inconsistent DR effects. To understand the maximum potential benefits from DR requires differentiating fundamental effects on aging at the cellular and molecular levels from suppression of age-associated diseases, such as cancer. To that end, it is important that investigators carefully evaluate the effects of DR on biomarkers of molecular aging, such as mutation rate and epigenomic alterations. Several short-term studies show that humans may benefit from DR in as little as 6 months, by achieving lowered fasting insulin levels and improved cardiovascular health. Optimized health span engineering will require a much deeper understanding of DR.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF N‐ALKYLUREAS WITH PHOSPHORYL CHLORIDE (1978)

Abstract POCl 3 (I) bildet mit den betreffenden N‐Alkyl‐harnstoffen in flüssigem SO, viskose Produkte, die zu den Bis(ureido)‐phosphorsäuren (II) hydrolysiert werden.
Elevated Serum Levels of Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor in the Metabolic Syndrome (2006)

The present study reveals that serum levels of PEDF are strongly associated with the metabolic syndrome. Our results suggest that serum PEDF levels may be elevated as a counter-system in the metabolic syndrome.
The authors reply (2018)

Filbin, Michael R. MD, MSc; Heldt, Thomas PhD; Reisner, Andrew T. MD Author Information
Influence of Treatment Conditions on the Chemical Oxidative Activity of H2SO4/H2O2 Mixtures for Modulating the Topography of Titanium (2009)

Abstract Host‐tissue integration of medical implants is governed by their surface properties. The capacity to rationally design the surface physico‐chemical cues of implantable materials is thus a fundamental prerequisite to confer enhanced biocompatibility. Our previous work demonstrated that different cellular processes are elicited by the nanotexture generated on titanium (cpTi) and Ti6Al4V alloy by chemical oxidation with a H 2 SO 4 /H 2 O 2 mixture. Here, we illustrate that by varying the etching parameters such as temperature, concentration, and treatment time, we can create a variety of surface features on titanium which are expected to impact its biological response. The modified submicron and nanotextured surfaces were characterized by scanning electron (SEM) and atomic force (AFM) microscopies. Contact angle measurements revealed the higher hydrophilicity of the modified surfaces compared to untreated samples and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) established that the etching generated a TiO 2 layer with a thickness in the 40–60 nm range.
DARPA Robotics Challenge: Towards a user-guided manipulation framework for high-DOF robots (2014)

Supervision and teleoperation of high degree-of-freedom robots is a complex task due to environmental constraints such as obstacles and limited communication, as well as task specific requirements such as using more than one end-effector at the same time. In this work we present a supervision and teleoperation framework that allows an operator to see the surroundings of a robot in 3D, make necessary adjustments for a dual or single arm manipulation task, preview the task in simulation before execution, and finally execute the task on a real robot. The framework has been applied to the valve turning task of the DARPA Robotics Challenge on the PR2, Hubo2+, and DRCHubo robots.
SIRT1 Mediates the Effect of GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Exenatide on Ameliorating Hepatic Steatosis (2014)

GLP-1 and incretin mimetics, such as exenatide, have been shown to attenuate hepatocyte steatosis in vivo and in vitro, but the specific underlying mechanism is unclear. SIRT1, an NAD(+)-dependent protein deacetylase, has been considered as a crucial regulator in hepatic lipid homeostasis by accumulated studies. Here, we speculate that SIRT1 might mediate the effect of the GLP-1 receptor agonist exenatide (exendin-4) on ameliorating hepatic steatosis. After 8 weeks of exenatide treatment in male SIRT1(+/-) mice challenged with a high-fat diet and their wild-type (WT) littermates, we found that lipid deposition and inflammation in the liver, which were improved dramatically in the WT group, diminished in SIRT1(+/-) mice. In addition, the protein expression of SIRT1 and phosphorylated AMPK was upregulated, whereas lipogenic-related protein, including SREBP-1c and PNPLA3, was downregulated in the WT group after exenatide treatment. However, none of these changes were observed in SIRT1(+/-) mice. In HepG2 cells, exendin-4-reversed lipid deposition induced by palmitate was hampered when SIRT1 was silenced by SIRT1 RNA interference. Our data demonstrate that SIRT1 mediates the effect of exenatide on ameliorating hepatic steatosis, suggesting the GLP-1 receptor agonist could serve as a potential drug for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), especially in type 2 diabetes combined with NAFLD, and SIRT1 could be a therapeutic target of NAFLD.
Long-acting progestin-only contraceptives impair endometrial vasculature by inhibiting uterine vascular smooth muscle cell survival (2015)

Molecular mechanisms responsible for abnormal endometrial vasculature in women receiving long-acting progestin-only contraceptives (LAPCs) are unknown. We hypothesize that LAPCs impair vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) and pericyte proliferation and migration producing thin-walled hyperdilated fragile microvessels prone to bleeding. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) double-immunostaining assessed VSMC differentiation and proliferation in endometria from women before and after DepoProvera (Depo) treatment and from oophorectomized guinea pigs (OVX-GPs) treated with vehicle, estradiol (E2), medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), or E2+MPA. Whole-genome profiling, proliferation, and migration assays were performed on cultured VSMCs treated with MPA or etonogestrel (ETO). Endometrial vessels of Depo-administered women displayed reduced αSMA immunoreactivity and fewer PCNA (+) nuclei among αSMA (+) cells (P < 0.008). Microarray analysis of VSMCs identified several MPA- and ETO-altered transcripts regulated by STAT1 signaling (P < 2.22 × 10(-6)), including chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2). Both MPA and ETO reduce VSMC proliferation and migration (P < 0.001). Recombinant CCL2 reversed this progestin-mediated inhibition, whereas a STAT1 inhibitor abolished the CCL2 effect. Similarly, the endometria of MPA treated OVX-GPs displayed decreased αSMA staining and fewer PCNA (+) nuclei in VSMC (P < 0.005). In conclusion, LAPCs promote abnormal endometrial vessel formation by inhibiting VSMC proliferation and migration.
Interactions médicamenteuses : données liées et applications (2016)

Introduction. One significant cause of adverse drug reactions is drug-drug interaction (DDI). In France, the thesaurus of DDI edited by ANSM (french national drug safety insti- tute) is the main referential. However, its PDF format impedes its utilisation. The objective of this work was to propose an open format of the thesaurus and illustrate its usefulness for research through two examples : to examine the overlap between the thesaurus and other sources and to estimate the prevalence of potential DDIs based on drug deliveries. Methods. We developped a program that transforms the PDF format to RDF triples, a web semantic standard for data exchange. We linked its content to three sources : the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS), DrugBank (DB) and ’le répertoire des médicaments’, a french drug database edited by ANSM. The link to DB enables its integration into an international DDI-database (merged-PDDI) and the measure of overlap with other sources. A program was created to estimate the prevalence of potential DDIs based on the thesaurus open format and drug deliveries data. Results. In its version of january 2016, the french thesaurus contains 1102 drugs and 168 drug classes. It describes 1414 interactions between classes or molecules resulting in 52870 DDI. Among the latters, 5651 (13%) were found in the merged-PDDI dataset corresponding to little overlap with other sources. We identified 17112 contraindicated drug dispensations among 7 millions drug deliveries between june and august 2013. Conclusion. We propose a RDF format of the french thesaurus of DDI linked to UMLS, DB and the ’repertoire des médicaments’. This format can facilitate research on DDI and the development of new applications.
Can a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PKPD) model be predictive across bacterial densities and strains? External evaluation of a PKPD model describing longitudinal in vitro data (2017)

This study supports the use of mechanism-based PKPD models based on preclinical data for predictions of untested scenarios.
Ionic Liquid Redox Catholyte for High Energy Efficiency, Low‐Cost Energy Storage (2015)

An approach to energy storage using ionic liquids as joint ion‐conducting medium and redox active catholyte material is described. The earth‐abundant ferric ion is incorporated as an oxidizing agent in the form of the low‐melting NaFeCl 4 in a 1:1 mixture with ethylmethylimidazolium tetrachloraluminate, an ambient temperature ionic liquid. Different possible anode types are considered, and the most obvious one involving liquid sodium (with special wetting of a sodium ion‐conducting ceramic separator) is tested. The high voltage &gt;3.2 V predicted for this cell is verified, and its cyclability is confirmed. Operating at 180 °C, an unexpectedly high energy efficiency &gt;96%, is recorded. This establishes this type of cell as an attractive candidate for energy storage. For optimum energy storage, high energy efficiency is mandated for thermal management, as well as economic reasons. The theoretical capacity of the cell is 288 Wh kg −1 (418 Wh L −1 ) of which 73% is realized. The cell is shown to be fail‐safe against internal shorts. As there are many degrees of freedom for developing this type of cell, it is suggested as a promising area of future research effort in the energy storage area.
Identifying Rare Variants With Optimal Depth of Coverage and Cost‐Effective Overlapping Pool Sequencing (2013)

Genome-wide association studies have identified hundreds of genetic variants associated with complex diseases although most variants identified so far explain only a small proportion of heritability, suggesting that rare variants are responsible for missing heritability. Identification of rare variants through large-scale resequencing becomes increasing important but still prohibitively expensive despite the rapid decline in the sequencing costs. Nevertheless, group testing based overlapping pool sequencing in which pooled rather than individual samples are sequenced will greatly reduces the efforts of sample preparation as well as the costs to screen for rare variants. Here, we proposed an overlapping pool sequencing to screen rare variants with optimal sequencing depth and a corresponding cost model. We formulated a model to compute the optimal depth for sufficient observations of variants in pooled sequencing. Utilizing shifted transversal design algorithm, appropriate parameters for overlapping pool sequencing could be selected to minimize cost and guarantee accuracy. Due to the mixing constraint and high depth for pooled sequencing, results showed that it was more cost-effective to divide a large population into smaller blocks which were tested using optimized strategies independently. Finally, we conducted an experiment to screen variant carriers with frequency equaled 1%. With simulated pools and publicly available human exome sequencing data, the experiment achieved 99.93% accuracy. Utilizing overlapping pool sequencing, the cost for screening variant carriers with frequency equaled 1% in 200 diploid individuals dropped to at least 66% at which target sequencing region was set to 30 Mb.
Uniaxial approach to time-domain computations using electromagnetic potentials: Research Articles (2004)

A new approach to transient electromagnetic (EM) analysis in terms of wave potentials is presented. It is based on the EM field and source scalarization in a non-uniform medium. The algorithm computes two scalar wave functions of space-time, which constitute a complete 3-D solution. They represent the time-dependent values of two collinear (electric and magnetic) vector potentials of known fixed direction throughout the computational volume. Auxiliary source functions are also computed but only at the location of material non-uniformities. A finite-difference implementation in the case of metallic boundaries and inclusions is considered. The algorithm offers approximately 30p reduction of the computation time and memory requirements in comparison with the FDTD method based on the Maxwell curl equations. The technique is illustrated with a number of waveguide examples. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ChemInform Abstract: POLYAZAMAKROBICYCLEN UND IHRE KRYPTATE (1973)

Abstract Das geschützte Säurechlorid (I) reagiert mit dem makrocyclischen Diamin (II) unter den Bedingungen hoher Verdünnung zum Dicarbonamid‐ditosylat (III).
Disability-Specific Atlases of Gray Matter Loss in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (P3.347) (2018)

To understand the relationship between localized gray matter atrophy and clinical disability in multiple sclerosis (MS).
On a Class of Stochastic Recursive Sequences Arising in Queueing Theory (1992)

This paper is concerned with a class of stochastic recursive sequences that arise in various branches of queueing theory. First, we make use of Kingman's subadditive ergodic theorem to determine the stability region of this type of sequence, or equivalently, the condition under which they converge weakly to a finite limit. Under this stability condition, we also show that these sequences admit a unique finite stationary regime and that regardless of the initial condition, the transient sequence couples in finite time with this uniquely defined stationary regime. When this stability condition is not satisfied, we show that the sequence converges a.s. to $\infty$ and that certain increments of the process form another type of stochastic recursive sequence that always admit at least one stationary regime. Finally, we give sufficient conditions for this increment sequence to couple with this stationary regime.
Ecdysteroid receptors in imaginal discs of Drosophila melanogaster. (1978)

[3H]Ponasterone A (PNA) of high specific activity has been used to identify and begin characterization of ecdysteroid (formerly called ecdysone) receptors in cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions of imaginal discs of Drosophila melanogaster. The equilibrium Kd of the observed macromolecular binding, 3--4 X 10(-9) M PNA, is in good agreement with the minimal concentration required for induction of complete morphogenesis in vitro, 4.2 X 10(-9) M PNA. Binding is analog specific and has kinetics consistent with a role in hormone response. On gentle homogenization, less than 5% of the binding capacity of the cell is released as soluble receptor; the other 95% remains with the nuclear fraction. This nuclear fraction specifically binds [3H]PNA in vitro. Greater than 95% of nuclear PNA receptors are released by extraction with 0.3 M KCl. The binding properties of the nuclear receptors are indistinguishable from those of the cytosol fraction or of the whole cell.
Past, present and future of grid connected photovoltaic- and hybrid-power-systems (2002)

As a short introduction on the general development and forecast of world market in photovoltaics (PV) are presented. The general classification introduces grid connected, stand alone, large scale and roof-top PV-systems. The core of presentation concentrates on the development and trends of converters for grid connected PV-systems. The novel multi-string converter is introduced representing one of the major trends in PV system technology towards modular PV-system design based on string converter technology with low specific costs and optimal energy yield. A brief excursion into the area of hybrid power systems deals with the development of hybrid power system technology using some representative examples installed by SMA around the world. As one of the future trends in that area a new bi-directional battery-converter for a modularly-structured hybrid power system technology is introduced.
Prototype of Illumination-Collection Mode Scanning Near-Field Optical Microscopy and Raman Spectroscopy with Gold Inner-Coated Aperture-Less Pyramidal Probe (2010)

We have prototyped illumination-collection mode scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM) and near-field Raman spectroscopy (NFRS) with gold inner-covered aperture-less pyramidal probe in order to study the possibility to detect optical images, and Raman spectrum and Raman peak shift for stress distribution in Si device with high resolution of about 10 nm.