gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A fault-tolerant non-Clifford gate for the surface code in two dimensions (2020)

Fault-tolerant logic gates will consume a large proportion of the resources of a two-dimensional quantum computing architecture. Here we show how to perform a fault-tolerant non-Clifford gate with the surface code; a quantum error-correcting code now under intensive development. This alleviates the need for distillation or higher-dimensional components to complete a universal gate set. The operation uses both local transversal gates and code deformations over a time that scales with the size of the qubit array. An important component of the gate is a just-in-time decoder. These decoding algorithms allow us to draw upon the advantages of three-dimensional models using only a two-dimensional array of live qubits. Our gate is completed using parity checks of weight no greater than four. We therefore expect it to be amenable with near-future technology. As the gate circumvents the need for magic-state distillation, it may reduce the resource overhead of surface-code quantum computation considerably.
Tricyclic pyrone analogs (1999)

Tricyclic pyrones (TPs) may represent a novel synthetic class of microtubule (MT) de-stabilizing anticancer drugs previously shown by us to inhibit macromolecule synthesis, tubulin polymerization, and the proliferation of leukemic and mammary tumor cells in vitro. A linear skeleton with a N-containing aromatic ring attached at C3 of the top A-ring, a central pyran B-ring and a six-membered bottom C-ring with no alkylation at C7 are required for the antitumor activities of the lead compounds, a 3-pyridyl benzopyran (code name H10) and its somewhat weaker 2-pyridyl regioisomer (code name H19). Increasing concentrations of H10 do not alter the binding of [3H]vinblastine and [3H]GTP to tubulin but mimic the ability of unlabeled colchicine (CLC) to reduce the amount of [3H]CLC bound to tubulin, suggesting that TPs may interact with the CLC binding site to inhibit tubulin polymerization. Exogenous Mg2+ cations absolutely required for the binding of GTP to tubulin and MT assembly cannot overcome the antitubulin action of H10. H10 reduces the viability of L1210 cells in vitro (IC50: 0.5 microM) but its antitumor activity may be related to its ability to inhibit tubulin polymerization and rapidly increase the mitotic index rather than to induce DNA cleavage and apoptosis. The anticancer potential of TPs in vivo is demonstrated by the fact that i.p. injections of the water-soluble H10-HCl decrease the growth of solid tumors in mice inoculated s.c. with Lewis lung carcinoma. A critical finding is that the antimitotic H10 is a bifunctional anticancer drug, which also blocks the cellular transport of nucleosides (IC50: 6 microM) to inhibit DNA synthesis. Since few CLC site-binding antimitotic agents are active in solid tumor models in vivo, the ability of these new MT destabilizing TPs to totally block nucleoside transport might be valuable in polychemotherapy to arrest tumor cells at several phases of their cycle, potentiate the action of antimetabolites and sensitize multidrug-resistant tumor cells.
Enhanced translocation of bacteria across metabolically stressed epithelia is reduced by butyrate† (2009)

Reduced butyrate-producing bacteria could result in increased epithelial permeability particularly in the context of concomitant exposure to another stimulus that reduces mitochondria function. We speculate that prebiotics, the substrate for butyrate synthesis, is a valuable prophylaxis in the regulation of epithelial permeability and could be of benefit in preventing relapses in IBD.
Characteristics and predictors of persistent symptoms post-COVID-19 in children and young people: a large community cross-sectional study in England (2023)

One in 23 5-11 year-olds and one in eight 12-17 year-olds post-COVID-19 report persistent symptoms lasting ≥3 months, of which one in nine report a large impact on performing day-to-day activities.
Natural evolution of CD4+ cell count in patients with CD4 >350 or >500 cells/mm3 at the time of diagnosis according to HIV‐1 coreceptor tropism (2012)

The HIV-1 coreceptor usage may play a critical role in AIDS pathogenesis and the X4-using viruses are considered to be more pathogenic than the R5-tropic viruses. These observations may influence the therapeutic decisions by asking for an earlier antiretroviral (ARV) treatment for the patients infected by the X4-tropic viruses compared with those infected by the R5-tropic viruses. The natural evolution of CD4+ cell count for 109 non-treated patients infected by the R5- or X4-tropic HIV-1 viruses with CD4+ >350 and >500 cells/mm(3) at time of diagnosis was compared until the initiation of an ARV regimen. The coreceptor usage was determined from the V3 env region sequence by Geno2Pheno (false positive rate 10%). A mixed linear regression model to analyse the CD4+ data with tropism as fixed effect in the model was used. Overall, 93 (85.3%) and 16 (14.7%) were infected by R5- and X4-tropic viruses, respectively. The median age, baseline CD4+ cell count, and viral load were 34 years (IQR: 30-42), 523 cells/mm(3) (IQR: 420-604), and 4.5 log(10) copies/ml (IQR: 3.9-5.0), respectively. There was no statistical difference in time to progression between the patients harboring R5- or X4-tropic viruses. The same results were observed for the sub-group of patients with CD4+ cell count >500 cells/mm(3). The virus tropism has no impact on the CD4+ cell count evolution in these HIV-1 patients diagnosed with CD4+ >350 or >500 cells/mm(3) suggesting that the tropism determination at time of diagnosis does not seem to be a useful tool to predict the clinical progression.
Understanding the Uncertainty in 1D Unidirectional Moving Target Selection (2018)

In contrast to the extensive studies on static target pointing, much less formal understanding of moving target acquisition can be found in the HCI literature. We designed a set of experiments to identify regularities in 1D unidirectional moving target selection, and found a Ternary-Gaussian model to be descriptive of the endpoint distribution in such tasks. The shape of the distribution as characterized by μ and σ in the Gaussian model were primarily determined by the speed and size of the moving target. The model fits the empirical data well with 0.95 and 0.94 R2 values for μ and σ , respectively. We also demonstrated two extensions of the model, including 1) predicting error rates in moving target selection; and 2) a novel interaction technique to implicitly aid moving target selection. By applying them in a game interface design, we observed good performances in both predicting error rates (e.g., 2.7% mean absolute error) and assisting moving target selection (e.g., 33% or a greater increase in pointing accuracy).
Morphometrics of Xiphinema rivesi Dalmasso, 1969 (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) from Slovenia (2005)

In early spring 2002 nematodes of the X. americanum group were found in soil samples taken near the roots of peach trees from an orchard at Bilje near Nova Gorica, Slovenia. Re-sampling in different locations in the same area confirmed their presence in high numbers (from 5 LIP to 100 nematodes/100 ml soil). Adult females and juveniles were isolated and identified morphologically and using methods of molecular taxonomy as Xiphinema rivesi. In addition, morphometrical variability of X. rivesi, isolated from different host plants was examined.
Multi-modal biometric approach to enable high security in mobile adhoc network (2012)

The application of multi-modal biometric methods in securing mobile ad-hoc network has been addressed in this paper. A MANET is an infra structure less network for mobile devices connected by wireless link. The mobile network is often vulnerable to security attacks even though there are many traditional approaches, due to its features of open medium and dynamic changing topology. Multi-modal biometrics is deployed to work with intrusion detection systems (IDSs) to overcome the shortcomings of uni-modal biometric systems. The cluster head is elected in which Dempster-Shafer theory is evaluated in order to increase the observation accuracy to maintain high security and trusted MANET. Since each device in the network has measurement and estimated limitations, more than one device needs to be chosen, and observations can be fused to increase observation accuracy using Dempster--Shafer theory for data fusion.
Giorgio Benedek: an extraordinary scientist and cultured gentleman (2022)

A Profile of Giorgio Benedek written by the Guest Editors of this Festschrift themed collection.
Regulation of Gi by the CB1 Cannabinoid Receptor C-Terminal Juxtamembrane Region:  Structural Requirements Determined by Peptide Analysis (1999)

A CB1 cannabinoid receptor peptide fragment from the C-terminal juxtamembrane region autonomously inhibits adenylyl cyclase activity in a neuroblastoma membrane preparation. The cannabinoid receptor antagonist, SR141716A, failed to block the response. The peptide was able to evoke the response in membranes from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells that do not express the CB1 receptor. These studies are consistent with a direct activation of Gi by the peptide. To test the importance of a BXBXXB sequence, Lys403 was acetylated, resulting in a peptide having similar affinity but reduced efficacy. N-Terminal truncation of Arg401 resulted in a 6-fold loss of affinity, which was not further reduced by sequential truncation of up to the first seven amino acids, four of which are charged. N-Terminal-truncated peptides exhibited maximal activity, suggesting that Gi activation can be conferred by the remaining amino acids. Truncation of the C-terminal Glu417 or substitution of Glu417 by a Leu or of Arg401 by a Norleucine reduced activity at 100 microM. The C-terminal juxtamembrane peptide was constrained to a loop peptide by placement of Cys residues at both terminals and disulfide coupling. This modification reduced the affinity 3-fold but yielded near-maximal efficacy. Blocking the Cys termini resulted in a loss of efficacy. Circular dichroism spectropolarimetry revealed that all C-terminal juxtamembrane peptide analogues exist in a random coil conformation in an aqueous environment. A hydrophobic environment (trifluoroethanol) failed to induce alpha-helix formation in the C-terminal juxtamembrane peptide but did so in less active peptides. The anionic detergent sodium dodecyl sulfate induced alpha-helix formation in all analogues except the loop peptide, where it induces a left-handed PII conformation. It is concluded that alpha-helix formation is not required for Gi activation.
Effects of Kojic Acid and Oil-soluble Licorice Extract on Melanogenesis. (1998)

B 16メラノーマ細胞を用いて, コウジ酸及び油溶性甘草エキスの併用によるメラニン生成抑制効果について検討した。その結果, コウジ酸と油溶性甘草エキスを併用すると, 両者を単独で添加した場合に比較して相加的にメラニン生成を抑制することが明らかとなった。さらにこれら両薬剤の併用効果の詳細を探るため, メラニン生成制御酵素の一つであるTRP-2 (Tyrosinase relation protein-2) に対する両薬剤の作用を検討したところ, コウジ酸, 油溶性甘草エキスともにTRP-2活性を濃度依存的に抑制した。また, コウジ酸と油溶性甘草エキスが同じメラニン生成抑制率を示す濃度でのTRP-2活性抑制率は, それぞれ7.7%, 21.2%であったことから, 油溶性甘草エキスの方がメラニン生成過程においてTRP-2活性を強く阻害していることがわかった。さらにTRP-2に対する両薬剤の併用効果について検討した結果, コウジ酸及び油溶性甘草エキスを併用すると, 両者を単独で添加した場合に比較して相加的にTRP-2活性を抑制することが明らかとなった。
Deficiency of Neuropilin 2 Suppresses VEGF-Induced Retinal Neovascularization (2004)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a central role in the development of ocular neovascularization (NV) and is an excellent target for therapeutic intervention. VEGF acts through several receptors, including VEGF receptor 1, VEGF receptor 2, neuropilin-1 (Npn1), and Npn2, but the exact role of these receptors in the development of retinal NV is unknown. In this study, we investigated the expression of npn2 mRNA during new blood vessel growth in the retina and used npn2 knockout mice to assess the impact of deficiency of Npn2 on retinal NV. The level of npn2 mRNA in the retina increased during retinal vascular development, after exposure to hyperoxia, and after the onset of retinal ischemia. Immunohistochemistry showed colocalization of Npn2 with a vascular marker in retinal NV. Compared with littermate controls, mice deficient in Npn2 had significantly less ischemia-induced retinal NV and very little subretinal NV due to expression of a Vegf transgene. These data suggest that Npn2 facilitates VEGF-induced retinal NV and may constitute a useful target for therapeutic intervention in ocular diseases complicated by NV.
Recovery of a target reflection underneath coal seams (2004)

This paper presents a strategy to recover a target seismic reflection of a potential gas reservoir immediately underneath a group of coal seams. First, a random noise attenuation technique, which is amplitude preserving, is applied to a stack section with usual low signal-to-noise ratio. Then, a stabilized inverse Q filtering technique is applied to correct for both phase and amplitude effects simultaneously. The latter can recover all the high-frequency components that are in principle recoverable and intelligently limit the attempt to compensate a given high-frequency wave component when its amplitude is attenuated to a level below the ambient noise level. As a consequence, the seismic bandwidth is increased and thereby the vertical resolution is enhanced so that the weak reflection of the target gas layer underneath the strong coal-seam reflections is clearly presented.
Integrin αDβ2 (CD11d/CD18) Modulates Leukocyte Accumulation, Pathogen Clearance, and Pyroptosis in Experimental Salmonella Typhimurium Infection (2018)

β<sub>2</sub> integrins are critical in host defense responses to invading pathogens and inflammation. Previously, we reported that genetic deficiency of integrin α<sub>D</sub>β<sub>2</sub> in mice altered outcomes in experimental systemic infections including accelerated mortality in animals infected with <i>Salmonella enterica</i> serovar Typhimurium. Here, we show that deficiency of α<sub>D</sub>β<sub>2</sub> results in impaired accumulation of leukocytes in response to peritoneal infection by <i>S</i>. Typhimurium, impaired pathogen clearance <i>in vivo</i>, defective bacterial elimination by cultured peritoneal macrophages, and enhanced pyroptosis, a cell death process triggered by <i>Salmonella</i>. <i>Salmonella</i>-infected animals deficient in α<sub>D</sub>β<sub>2</sub> had increased levels of peritoneal cytokines in addition to other markers of pyroptosis, which may contribute to inflammatory injury and increased mortality in the context of impaired bacterial killing. These observations indicate important contributions of leukocyte integrins to the host response in experimental <i>Salmonella</i> infection and reveal previous activities of α<sub>D</sub>β<sub>2</sub> in bacterial infection.
Synthesis of synvinolin: extremely high conversion alkylation of an ester enolate (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of synvinolin: extremely high conversion alkylation of an ester enolateD. Askin, T. R. Verhoeven, T. M. H. Liu, and I. ShinkaiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 16, 4929–4932Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00016a023https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00016a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views914Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Experimental investigation and construction of PV solar tracker control system using image processing (2011)

The editorial board announced that this article has been retracted on June 29, 2015. If you have any further question, please contact us at: mas@ccsenet.org
Diagnostic yield and clinical relevance of expanded genetic testing for cancer patients (2022)

Compared to targeted testing approaches, eGT can increase the yield of detection of hereditary cancer predisposition in patients with a range of tumors, allowing opportunities for enhanced surveillance and intervention. The benefits of performing eGT should be weighed against the added number of VUSs identified with this approach.
C-S-H gel densification: the impact of the nanoscale on self desiccation\n and sorption isotherms (2018)

The relationship between humidity and water content in a hydrating cement\npaste is largely controlled by the nanostructure of the C-S-H gel. Current\nhydration models do not describe this nanostructure, thus sorption isotherms\nand self-desiccation are given as constitutive inputs instead of being\npredicted from microstructural evolution. To address this limitation, this work\ncombines a C-S-H gel description from nanoscale simulations with evolving\ncapillary pore size distributions from a simple hydration model. Results show\nthat a progressive densification of the C-S-H gel must be considered in order\nto explain the self-desiccation of low-alkali pastes. The impact of C-S-H\ndensification on the evolution of microstructure and sorption isotherms is then\ndiscussed, including the effect of water-to-cement ratio, cement powder\nfineness, and curing temperature. Overall, this work identifies an area where\nnanoscale simulations can integrate larger-scale models of cement hydration and\nporomechanics.\n
Effect of L-Thyroxine and Carbimazole on Blood Levels of Biogenic Amines in Rat (2009)

Circulating levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT), histamine, monoamine oxidase (MAO), histaminase, tri-iodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) were studied in L-thyroxine and carbimazole treated rats. Increased concentrations of 5-HT, histamine, glutamate, T3 and T4 were recorded in L-thyroxine-treated rats while plasma gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), MAO and histaminase levels were significantly decreased. Considerable reduction in 5-HT, glutamate, T3 and T4 with trend towards the rise in plasma levels of MAO and histaminase was noticed in carbimazole treated group. There was a significant correlation between these amines and thyroid hormone values. The findings suggest that alterations in the metabolism of thyroid hormones may have a link with the altered metabolism of biogenic amines.
Modeling Performance and Emissions from Aircraft in the Aviation Integrated Modelling Project (2010)

A new computational method has been developed that simulates the performance of a civil aircraft and determines the fuel consumption and emissions throughout the flight trajectory by linking the main aircraft aerodynamic characteristics with a model of engine performance. The performance emission simulation of aircraft operations model responds to the needs of the Aviation Integrated Modelling project by delivering a computationally fast and reliable model able to simulate aircraft performance, fuel use, and emissions. The methodology implies that the airframe aerodynamic characteristics and the performance of the engine are modeled by generic nondimensional relationships and related through the equations of motion. These nondimensional characteristics are sufficient to enable accurate determination of the forces acting on the aircraft, the fuel burn of the engine, and the key parameters that determine the emissions of pollutants such as nitrous oxides. Within this paper, this nondimensional approach is demonstrated and validated using comparisons with flight data from commercial aircraft operations. The results show that the model can accurately simulate civil aircraft performance for a range of f light conditions and operating procedures. In future work with the Aviation Integrated Modelling project, the method will be further developed and applied to investigate novel aircraft technologies, new operating procedures, and the use of alternative fuels.
Microglial activation in the frontal cortex predicts cognitive decline in frontotemporal dementia (2023)

Frontotemporal dementia is clinically and neuropathologically heterogeneous, but neuroinflammation, atrophy and cognitive impairment occur in all of its principal syndromes. Across the clinical spectrum of frontotemporal dementia, we assess the predictive value of in vivo neuroimaging measures of microglial activation and grey-matter volume on the rate of future cognitive decline. We hypothesized that inflammation is detrimental to cognitive performance, in addition to the effect of atrophy. Thirty patients with a clinical diagnosis of frontotemporal dementia underwent a baseline multimodal imaging assessment, including [11C]PK11195 PET to index microglial activation and structural MRI to quantify grey-matter volume. Ten people had behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia, 10 had the semantic variant of primary progressive aphasia and 10 had the non-fluent agrammatic variant of primary progressive aphasia. Cognition was assessed at baseline and longitudinally with the revised Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination, at an average of 7-month intervals (for an average of ∼2 years, up to ∼5 years). Regional [11C]PK11195 binding potential and grey-matter volume were determined, and these were averaged within four hypothesis-driven regions of interest: bilateral frontal and temporal lobes. Linear mixed-effect models were applied to the longitudinal cognitive test scores, with [11C]PK11195 binding potentials and grey-matter volumes as predictors of cognitive performance, with age, education and baseline cognitive performance as covariates. Faster cognitive decline was associated with reduced baseline grey-matter volume and increased microglial activation in frontal regions, bilaterally. In frontal regions, microglial activation and grey-matter volume were negatively correlated, but provided independent information, with inflammation the stronger predictor of the rate of cognitive decline. When clinical diagnosis was included as a factor in the models, a significant predictive effect was found for [11C]PK11195 BPND in the left frontal lobe (-0.70, P = 0.01), but not for grey-matter volumes (P > 0.05), suggesting that inflammation severity in this region relates to cognitive decline regardless of clinical variant. The main results were validated by two-step prediction frequentist and Bayesian estimation of correlations, showing significant associations between the estimated rate of cognitive change (slope) and baseline microglial activation in the frontal lobe. These findings support preclinical models in which neuroinflammation (by microglial activation) accelerates the neurodegenerative disease trajectory. We highlight the potential for immunomodulatory treatment strategies in frontotemporal dementia, in which measures of microglial activation may also improve stratification for clinical trials.