gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Evaluation of Porosity in Unidirectional CFRPs Using Laser Ultrasonic Method (2020)

A method for estimating the porosity of CFRPs based on measuring their acoustic impedances is proposed and experimentally implemented. The acoustic impedance of the test sample is derived from the magnitude of the antiderivative of an ultrasonic pulse reflected from the immersion-liquid–sample interface. The studied samples are unidirectional CFRPs with various volume contents of the matrix and filler. It has been established that the distribution of local porosity in the samples is uneven along the carbon fiber stacking plane. The value of porosity averaged over the results of optical–acoustic measurements with allowance for measurement errors is consistent with the X-ray tomography data. The method for estimating the value of porosity presented in this paper does not involve measuring the volume and mass of the object under study and can be used in diagnostics of complex shaped composite structures.
Automated Detection of Adverse Events Using Natural Language Processing of Discharge Summaries (2005)

Objective: To determine whether natural language processing (NLP) can effectively detect adverse events defined in the New York Patient Occurrence Reporting and Tracking System (NYPORTS) using discharge summaries.
Plasmonic Tamm states: dual enhancement of light inside the plasmonic waveguide (2014)

We propose a novel type of nanoscaled Tamm states for light enhancement by introducing a Bragg reflector (BR) in a nanoscaled metal-insulator-metal (MIM) waveguide, which we call plasmonic Tamm states (PTSs). Due to PTS effects, fields can be enhanced for a second time at the terminal side of the MIM BR on the basis of the dimension confinement. The enhancement of |E|2 is up to 1050-fold for light of 1550&#xA0;nm, as shown in our 2D focusing configuration. Structural design and optimizations are performed by an impedance-based transfer matrix method and are further confirmed by a finite element method.
Comparison of physicochemical and thermal properties of choline chloride and betaine-based deep eutectic solvents: The influence of hydrogen bond acceptor and hydrogen bond donor nature and their molar ratios (2023)

Within the green chemistry area, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are playing an increasingly prominent role thanks to their intriguing physicochemical properties. However, a comparative study encompassing a wide range of properties as a function of different parameters such as the nature of the hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) and donor (HBD) and their molar ratio is still missing. In this work, six DESs based on the most used HBAs (choline chloride (ChCl) and betaine (Bet)) and HBDs (ethylene glycol (EG), glycerol (Gly) and levulinic acid (LevA)) combined in three different molar ratio (1:2, 1:3, 1:4) have been prepared and subjected to a series of analysis aimed at measuring different properties such as density, viscosity, refractive index, thermal stability and thermal behaviour. The most striking findings see the EG-based DESs displaying the lowest density and viscosity values, while the Gly-based DESs exhibited the highest. High viscosity and density have been obtained using Bet instead of ChCl as HBA. Increasing the amount of HBD in DESs caused lower viscosity in all cases, while density increased for all Gly-based DESs and decreased for EG and LevA-based DESs. The refractive index also decreased when the HBD portion was increased. However, higher refractive index was obtained using ChCl instead of Bet as HBA. The temperature and wavelength dependence of the refractive index is otherwise described pretty well by a Sellmeier model. The molar refractivity implied by density and refractive index data via the Clausius-Mossotti equation is consistent with that predicted by the empirical but well-established model of Wildman and Crippen. The short thermal stability of all investigated DESs is strictly related to the HBD used. EG-based DESs were less stable than LevA-based ones while Gly-based DESs were the most stable materials. Moreover, for all DESs three characteristic mass loss events have been identified. They can be attributed to the evaporation/degradation of the HBD, of the intimately interacting HBD-HBA and of the HBA, respectively. Finally, DSC analyses showed that all DESs can be used as solvents given that they are liquids at room temperature, and they maintain a liquid state in a broad range of temperatures (Tg < −50 °C or no thermal events are observed).
Core Sunlighting System, a New Approach to Daylighting in Buildings (2014)

The building industry recognizes the importance of incorporating daylighting into the illumination of buildings to improve energy performance and lighting quality. There are several well-known methods that building designers use to increase the daylighting level in buildings, including windows and skylights. However, these methods are usually not capable of illuminating the core of the building, and may increase the energy usage of the building due to reduced insulation. There are other systems designed for illuminating the core of buildings with daylighting, but all have some limitations that have impeded widespread adoption. An alternate daylighting system described here offers a novel approach to illuminating the core of buildings. This system consists of active and passive optical components that capture sunlight outside multi-floor buildings and transfer it to the dark core. Active sunlight redirectors, mounted at roof level on the edge of the building, track the sun throughout the day and redirect the sunlight towards building façades at a certain angle. Passive concentrator elements mounted on the façades of the building capture and concentrate the light and direct it into light guides. The sunlight is then distributed within the building via interior light guides to efficiently illuminate the building.
RAWA: Mensenrechten vanuit de loopgraven (2003)

en 50% van de mannen en 75% van de vrouwen analfabeet is.Afghanistan
HelpStar Technology for Semi-Autonomous Wheelchairs. (2005)

This paper describes our virtual reality research prototype for supporting a semiautonomous wheelchair. The VR component enables the “HelpStar” feature, which provides a user who is visually impaired with mobility independence. Our “HelpStar” enabled semi-autonomous wheelchair functions more like a personal assistant, allowing much greater user independence. When the user finds them self in an unforeseen circumstance, the “HelpStar” feature can be activated to allow a remote operator to use VR technologies to provide helpful navigational instructions or to send commands directly to the wheelchair. This paper demonstrates the successful integration of VR technologies with semi-autonomous remote vehicles for assistive support.
Defining future directions in spinal cord tumor research (2010)

The relative rarity of spinal cord tumors has hampered the study of these uncommon nervous system malignancies. Consequently, the understanding of the fundamental biology and optimal treatment of spinal cord tumors is limited, and these cancers continue to inflict considerable morbidity and mortality in children and adults. As a first step to improving the outcome of patients affected with spinal cord tumors, the National Institutes of Health Office of Rare Diseases Research in cooperation with the National Cancer Institute and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke convened a workshop to discuss the current status of research and clinical management of these tumors. The overall goal of this meeting was to initiate a process that would eventually translate fundamental basic science research into improved clinical care for this group of patients. Investigational priorities for each of these areas were established, and the opportunities for future multidisciplinary research collaborations were identified.
Syntheses and Some Reactions of Allophanoyl Chlorides1a (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSyntheses and Some Reactions of Allophanoyl Chlorides1aHenri Ulrich, James N. Tilley, and A. A. R. SayighCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1964, 29, 8, 2401–2404Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01031a072https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01031a072research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views320Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Inhibition of cyclic GMP‐dependent protein kinase‐mediated effects by (Rp)‐8‐bromo‐PET‐cyclic GMPS (1995)

1. The modulation of the guanosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic GMP)- and adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP)-dependent protein kinase activities by the diastereomers of 8-bromo-beta phenyl-1, N2-ethenoguanosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphorothioate, ((Rp)- and (Sp)-8-bromo-PET-cyclic GMPS) was investigated by use of purified protein kinases. In addition, the effects of (Rp)-8-bromo-PET-cyclic GMPS on protein phosphorylation in intact human platelets and on [3H]-noradrenaline release and neurogenic vasoconstriction in electrical field stimulated rat tail arteries were also studied. 2. Kinetic analysis with purified cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) type I alpha and I beta, which are expressed in the rat tail artery, revealed that (Rp)-8-bromo-PET-cyclic GMPS is a competitive inhibitor with an apparent Ki of 0.03 microM. The activation of purified cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) type II was antagonized with an apparent Ki of 10 microM. 3. In human platelets, (Rp)-8-bromo-PET-cyclic GMPS (0.1 mM) antagonized the activation of the PKG by the selective activator 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-guanosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-pCPT-cyclic GMP; 0.2 mM) without affecting the activation of PKA by (Sp)-5, 6-dichloro-1-beta-D-ribofurano-sylbenzimidazole- 3':5'-cyclic monophosphorothioate ((Sp)-5,6-DCl-cyclic BiMPS; 0.1 mM). 4. (Rp)-8-bromo-PET-cyclic GMPS was not hydrolysed by the cyclic GMP specific phosphodiesterase (PDE) type V from bovine aorta but potently inhibited this PDE. 5. The corresponding sulphur free cyclic nucleotide of the two studied phosphorothioate derivatives, 8-bromo-beta-phenyl-1, N2-ethenoguanosine-3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-bromo-PET-cyclic GMP), had no effect on electrically-induced [3H]-noradrenaline release but concentration-dependently decreased the stimulation-induced vasoconstriction. (Rp)-8-bromo-PET-cyclic GMPS (3 microM) shifted the vasoconstriction response to the right without affecting stimulation evoked tritium overflow. 6. The NO donor, 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1) relaxed rat tail arteries precontracted with phenylephrine (1 microM). The SIN-1 concentration-relaxation curve was shifted in a parallel manner to the right by (Rp)-8-bromo-PET-cyclic GMPS, suggesting that the relaxation was mediated by a cyclic GMP/PKG-dependent mechanism. 7. The [3H]-noradrenaline release-enhancing effect and stimulation-induced decrease in vasoconstriction of forskolin were unaffected by (Rp)-8-bromo-PET-cyclic GMPS. Moreover, the forskolin concentration-relaxation curve was not changed in the presence of the PKG inhibitor, suggesting a high selectivity in intact cells for PKG- over PKA-mediated effects. 8. The results obtained indicate that (Rp)-8-bromo-PET-cyclic GMPS presently is the most potent and selective inhibitor of PKG and is helpful in distinguishing between cyclic GMP and cyclic AMP messenger pathways activation. Therefore, this phosphorothioate stereomer may be a useful tool for studying the role of cyclic GMP in vitro.
Identifying Proteins Using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization In-Source Fragmentation Data Combined with Database Searching (1998)

Metastable ion decay in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) has become a routine method for obtaining primary structures of peptides. Significant fragmentation occurs in the MALDI ion source and can be observed via delayed ion extraction TOF-MS. In-source decay (ISD) can provide C- and N-terminal primary sequence data for even moderate-sized peptides (< 5000 Da). The unique cn series fragmentation that occurs in ISD has been exploited to obtain partial C-terminal sequences for proteins as large as human apotransferrin (75 kDa). Two approaches for combining this ISD MALDI-generated partial sequence information with protein database searching techniques are presented. In one approach, cyanogen bromide is used to cleave relatively large peptide fragments from a sample of human apotransferrin. One of the larger cleavage products (6034.84 Da) was isolated by HPLC and subjected to ISD MALDI analysis. An easily identified cn fragment ion series allowed two noncontiguous segments of the peptide's sequence to be determined (about 55% of the total sequence). This partial sequence information was used to search protein and oligonucleotide sequence databases. In addition to uniquely identifying human apotransferrin in a protein sequence database, an example of the use of this ISD MALDI-determined partial sequence information to search expressed sequence tag databases is presented. Such searches have the potential for rapidly identifying new genes that code for target proteins. An alternate approach for obtaining partial sequence information on proteins is also demonstrated that utilizes ISD MALDI fragmentation of the intact protein to generate partial sequence information. This approach is shown to generate about 5-7% of a protein's sequence, usually near the C-terminus of the protein. Examples of the ISD MALDI fragmentation data obtained from intact (reduced) human apotransferrin and intact (nonreduced) bovine serum albumin (66 kDa) proteins are presented.
Factors Associated With Maternal and Neonatal Interventions at the Threshold of Viability (2020)

Maternal and neonatal interventions occur frequently at the threshold of viability, especially at 23 weeks of gestation where the occurrence of interventions exceeds 50%. This study identifies sociodemographic and medical factors associated with using interventions with periviable deliveries. These data elucidate observed practice patterns in the management of periviable births and may assist providers in the counseling of women at risk of periviable birth.
A bis(3-hydroxy-4-pyridinone)-EDTA derivative as a strong chelator for M3+ hard metal ions: complexation ability and selectivity (2009)

The study of chelating compounds is very important to solve problems related to human metal overload. 3-Hydroxy-3-pyridinones (HP), namely deferiprone, have been clinically used for chelating therapy of Fe and Al over the last decade. A multi-disciplinary search for alternative molecules led us to develop poly-(3-hydroxy-4-pyridinones) to increase metal chelation efficacy. We present herein a complexation study of a new bis-(3-hydroxy-4-pyridinone)-EDTA derivative with a set of M(3+) hard metal ions (M = Fe, Al, Ga), as well as Zn(2+), a biologically relevant metal ion. Thus a systematic aqueous solution equilibrium study was performed using potentiometric and spectroscopic techniques (UV-Vis, NMR methods). These set of results enables the establishment of specific models as well as the determination of thermodynamic stability constants and coordination modes of the metal complexes. The results indicate that this ligand has a higher affinity for chelating to these hard metal ions than deferiprone, and that the coordination occurs mostly through the HP moieties. Furthermore, it was also found that this ligand has a higher selectivity for chelating to M(3+) hard metal ions (M = Fe, Al, Ga) than Zn(2+).
Boundary-Layer Behavior in the Superconductor Transition Problem (1961)

A superconducting material may be isothermally transformed to a normal conductor by raising the magnetic field to a value greater than a certain critical field. When this is done, the transition takes place along an interface, determined by the critical field value and by a magnetic-flux condition. In the present paper, the effect on the transition rate of magnetic-field penetration into the superconductor is studied. This involves the solution of a free-boundary problem in which the free boundary divides two regions, each governed by a different parabolic differential equation. The problem is solved by using the asymptotic techniques of singular perturbation theory. A boundary layer is shown to exist along the moving interface on the superconducting side. The presence of the boundary layer slows the motion of the free boundary. Also included in the solution is a study of the effect of the magnitude of the initial field on the starting motion of the free boundary. Finally, some numerical results are presented.
[The structural diversity of lipid A from gram-negative bacteria]. (2007)

The majority of Gram-negative bacteria are pathogenic to humans and animals. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the most biologically active component of these microorganisms. This compound is also called endotoxin to emphasize its negative impact on a macroorganism. Lipid A, one of the three structural components of the LPS molecule, is responsible for the pathophysiological effects associated with Gram-negative bacteria infections. Although lipid A is considered the conservative component of endotoxin, differences in its structure among species and even strains may occur. These differences concern the type of aminosugars, the degree of substitution of the disaccharide core by fatty acids, phosphate, and/or ethanolamine, and also the type, quantity, and distribution of fatty acids. The lipid A saccharide backbone of the majority of Gram-negative bacteria consists of two glucosamine units in beta (1-->6) glycosidic linkage. Amino groups (at positions 2 and 2') and hydroxy groups (at positions 3 and 3') of glucosamines are commonly substituted by 3-hydroxyfatty acids, most often by 3-hydroxytetradecanoic acid. Other fatty acids (usually saturated, unbranched) are ester-linked to hydroxyacids by their hydroxy group. In lipid A of different microorganisms there is a high diversity of fatty acids, from mirystic (tetradecanoic, 14:0) and lauric (dodecanoic, 12:0) acids and their hydroxylated derivatives to such unique structures as cis-11-octadecenoic acid (Rhodospirillum salinarum 40), 3-hydroxy-5-dodecenoic acid (Phenylobacterium immobile), and iso-2,3-dihydroxytetradecanoic acid (Legionella pneumophila). The saccharide core of some bacterial lipid A may consist of sugars different from glucosamine, e.g., 2,3-diamino-2,3-dideoxy-D-glucose. Other substituents of this part of LPS, besides phosphate groups and ethanolamine, are beta -mannopyranose, 4-aminoarabinose, galacturonic acid, and glycine. Therefore, lipid A, though considered the relatively conservative component of endotoxin, reveals relatively large structural diversity, which influences the variety of LPS biological activity.
Operation and Performance of Large-Scale MFCs for Treating Brewery Waste (2016)

Each year, Americans consume over 6.3 billion gallons of beer. As a result, over 50 billion gallons of brewery wastewater is created annually. Wastewater pre-treatment is an important investment for craft breweries as the biological oxygen demand (BOD) and the total suspended solids (TSS) from the waste stream leaving the brewery have to be significantly reduced before it enters the municipal system. Therefore, the treatment of brewery wastewater is an enormous and expensive part of the environmentally conscious brewing business. Brewery wastewater is characterized with high amounts of sugar, starch, and proteins, which makes it perfect candidate for Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) application. MFCs have been proven as a promising technology for sustainable wastewater treatment and also as a way for direct recovery of electric energy [1]. In this study, two 10 liter MFCs were used to treat brewery waste collected from Stone Brewery, Escondido, CA. The MFCs had tubular design with a nanofiltration membrane separator, submerged oxygen reducing cathode and carbon cloth anode (Fig. 1). The two reactors were connected in series and operated under continuous flow. The objective of the study was to evaluate the long-term treatment capacity of the MFCs and optimize the operational parameters for maximum volumetric treatment rates and energy recovery. Three main parameters were used to evaluate the MFCs performance. These were chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal, the magnitude of the generated current density and the columbic efficiency (CE) of the COD transformation into electricity. The MFCs had an anode volume of 10L and anode surface area of 65 m 2 . The first MFC in the series (MFC #1) was first had an inflow of diluted buffered brewery wastewater effluent. MFC #2 was operated with the outflow of MFC #1. The MFCs was continuously running for 250 days when various flow rates of 1ml/min, 2ml/min, 3ml/min and 5ml/min were explored during the study. Over the period of 250 days and loading rates between 1ml/min to 5 ml/min, MFC #1 demonstrated an average COD removal rate of 51.6 ± 19.4%, current density of 2.77 ± 0.99 A/m 3 and CE of 8 ± 7%. MFC #2 had an average COD removal of 50.9 ± 20.5%, current density of 2.0 ± 0.6 A/m 3 and CE of 14 ± 11% (Fig. 2). Thus the whole system showed an average COD removal of 74.7 ± 19.2%, COD treatment rate of 0.56 ± 0.37 kg-COD/anode-m 3 -day, CE of 9 ± 6%, and current density of 2.4± 0.6 A/m 3 . This study demonstrated that MFCs could be useful devices for long-term continuous treatment of brewery wastewater. The system tested is modular, scalable and constructed from cost-effective materials. Future work will include additional large-scale pilot testing and further design and operational optimization to accomplish higher volumetric treatment rates. References: [1] Liu H, Ramnarayanan R, Logan BE. Production of electricity during wastewater treatment using a single chamber microbial fuel cell. Environ Sci Technol 2004;28:2281–5. Figure 1
Figure S5 from Three-dimensional Imaging Reveals Immune-driven Tumor-associated High Endothelial Venules as a Key Correlate of Tumor Rejection Following Depletion of Regulatory T Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;LSFM imaging of Treg depleted and T-cell depleted fibrosarcomas.&lt;/p&gt;