gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Skin-MIMO: Vibration-based MIMO Communication over Human Skin (2020)

We explore the feasibility of Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) communication through vibrations over human skin. Using off-the-shelf motors and piezo transducers as vibration transmitters and receivers, respectively, we build a 2x2 MIMO testbed to collect and analyze vibration signals from real subjects. Our analysis reveals that there exist multiple independent vibration channels between a pair of transmitter and receiver, confirming the feasibility of MIMO. Unfortunately, the slow ramping of mechanical motors and rapidly changing skin channels make it impractical for conventional channel sounding based channel state information (CSI) acquisition, which is critical for achieving MIMO capacity gains. To solve this problem, we propose Skin-MIMO, a deep learning based CSI acquisition technique to accurately predict CSI entirely based on inertial sensor (accelerometer and gyroscope) measurements at the transmitter, thus obviating the need for channel sounding. Based on experimental vibration data, we show that Skin-MIMO can improve MIMO capacity by a factor of 2.3 compared to Single-Input-Single-Output (SISO) or open-loop MIMO, which do not have access to CSI. A surprising finding is that gyroscope, which measures the angular velocity, is found to be superior in predicting skin vibrations than accelerometer, which measures linear acceleration and used widely in previous research for vibration communications over solid objects.
Stereoblock Polypropylene as a Prototype Example of Elasticity via a Flip‐Flop Reorientation of Crystals in a Compliant Matrix (2007)

Elastomeric polypropylene characterized by chains with an isotactic and atactic stereoblock structure shows elastic behavior in a large range of deformations notwithstanding the high degree of crystallinity, because of the occurrence of flip-flop reversible reorientation of crystals of the γ form that occur during stretching and the successive release of tension, as shown schematically in the figure. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2089/2007/c1296_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Coordination of engine and transmission using hybrid control methodologies (1998)

Automotive powertrain systems represent an important class of practical hybrid systems which are characterized by the following features: (1) the systems are inherently hybrid, i.e., hybrid control is not merely a choice. This is exemplified by transmission gear positions (discrete) and engine throttle control (analog); (2) system dynamics are highly nonlinear and contain parametric errors and structural uncertainties. In the paper, a hybrid control design approach is used to develop control strategies for coordination of automotive engine and transmission systems. The main goal is to achieve driving performance, fuel economy, and robustness, with emission as a constraint. The design procedure follows closely the main ideas of the method introduced in Wang et al. (1997). The method employs performance indices in guiding both analog and discrete control actions such that robust stability and performance of closed-loop hybrid systems are maintained in the presence of modeling errors, disturbances, and structural uncertainties. The method is further modified to accommodate practical constraints, including actuator saturations, gear shifting limitations, and real-time computation requirements.
Use of proteomics to detect sex-related differences in effects of toxicants: implications for using proteomics in toxicology (2018)

This review provides an overview of results obtained when using proteome analysis for detecting sex-based differences in response to toxicants. It reveals implications to be taken into account when considering the use of proteomics in toxicological studies. It appears that results may differ when studying the same chemical in the same species in different target tissues. Another result of interest is the limited dose-response behavior of differential abundance patterns observed in studies where more than one dose level is tested. It is concluded that use of proteomics to study differences in modes of action of toxic compounds is an active area of research. The examples from use of proteomics to study sex-dependent differences also reveal that further studies are needed to provide reliable insight in modes of action, novel biomarkers or even novel therapies. To eventually reach this aim for this and other toxicological endpoints, it is essential to consider background variability, consequences of timing of toxicant administration, dose-response behavior, relevant species and target organ, species and organ variability and the presence of proteoforms.
Omnidirectional Pedestrian Navigation for First Responders (2007)

It might be assumed that dead reckoning approaches to pedestrian navigation could address the needs of first responders, including fire fighters. However, conventional PDR approaches with body-mounted motion sensors can fail when used with the irregular walking patterns typical of urban search and rescue missions. In this paper, a technique using shoe-mounted sensors and inertial mechanization equations to directly calculate the displacement of the feet between footfalls is described. Zero-velocity updates (ZUPTs) at foot standstills limit the drift that would otherwise occur with inexpensive IMUs. We show that the technique is fairly accurate in terms of distance travelled and can handle many arbitrary manoevers, such as tight turns, side/back stepping and stair climbing.
Comparative Clinical Evaluation of the13C-Mixed Triglyceride Breath Test as an Indirect Pancreatic Function Test (1998)

The 13C-mixed triglyceride breath test very sensitively reflects severe exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (steatorrhoea) but has limited sensitivity for the detection of mild cases. With regard to the higher sensitivity and specificity, the higher practicability, and the much lower cost, determination of faecal elastase 1 concentrations is superior to the 13C-mixed triglyceride breath test and therefore remains the most reliable indirect pancreatic function test available today.
Optimizing the Canopy Photosynthetic Rate by Patterns of Investment in Specific Leaf Mass (1988)

Given the total leaf mass per ground area in a laterally homogeneous vegetative canopy (of a crop, even-aged stand, or clonal plant), how should this mass be distributed with depth to maximize the canopy's photosynthetic rate? That is, how should the specific leaf mass, m (mass per unit of leaf area), vary with cumulative-leaf-area index, L? We present a formal solution using the calculus of variations, an analytical solution for simple cases, and general numerical methods. The predicted optimal gradients in m(L) are large but broadly comparable with those seen in field crops. Optimizing m(L) gives typically 5% greater photosynthesis than the best possible choice of a constant m(L). More significantly for competitive growth, optimizing m(L) upholds canopy photosynthesis down to very low average m; hence, it allows a high leaf-area index and attendant capacity to shade competitors. Photosynthetic gains from m(L) optimization are remarkably insensitive to leaf angle. Equally surprisingly, daily average canopy photosynthesis is also predicted to be insensitive to leaf angle, contrary to the predictions of earlier models. The accuracy of accounting for diffuse skylight interception appears crucial. We further analyze the ecological and agricultural significance of leaf angle, and we outline research needs for related problems of light interception, canopy developmental patterns, water-use efficiency, and nitrogen-use efficiency.
Telomeric damage in early stage of chronic lymphocytic leukemia correlates with shelterin dysregulation (2011)

Cells of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) are characterized by short telomeres despite a low proliferative index. Because telomere length has been reported to be a valuable prognosis criteria, there is a great interest in a deep understanding of the origin and consequences of telomere dysfunction in this pathology. Cases of chromosome fusion involving extremely short telomeres have been reported at advanced stage. In the present study, we address the question of the existence of early telomere dysfunction during the B-CLL time course. In a series restricted to 23 newly diagnosed Binet stage A CLL patients compared with 12 healthy donors, we found a significant increase in recruitment of DNA-damage factors to telomeres showing telomere dysfunction in the early stage of the disease. Remarkably, the presence of dysfunctional telomeres did not correlate with telomere shortening or chromatin marks deregulation but with a down-regulation of 2 shelterin genes: ACD (coding for TPP1; P = .0464) and TINF2 (coding for TIN2; P = .0177). We propose that telomeric deprotection in the early step of CLL is not merely the consequence of telomere shortening but also of shelterin alteration.
Mapping data and audio using an event-driven audio server for personal computers (1997)

Presented at the 4th International Conference on Auditory Display (ICAD), Palo Alto, California, November 2-5, 1997.
Performance Assessment of Fischer–Tropsch Liquid Fuels Production by Solar Hybridized Dual Fluidized Bed Gasification of Lignite (2015)

A novel solar hybridized dual fluidized bed (DFB) gasification process for Fischer–Tropsch liquid (FTL) fuels production is proposed and investigated here for the case with lignite as the fuel, although it is also applicable to biomass. The concept offers sensible thermal storage of bed material, the use of inert particles in the solar receiver to avoid the need for sealing, and a process that delivers a constant production rate and quality of syngas despite solar variability. This solar hybridized coal-to-liquids (SCTL) process is simulated using a pseudodynamic model that assumes steady state operation at each time step for a one-year, hourly integrated solar insolation time series. The annual energetic and environmental performance of this SCTL process is investigated as a function of the solar multiple (i.e., the heliostat field area relative to that required to meet the demand of the DFB gasifier at the point of peak solar thermal output), bed material storage capacity, the assumed char conversion in the bubbling fluidized bed gasifier (BFBG), and the solar resource. This revealed that solar energy can be stored in the bed material to increase both the solar share and output while decreasing the CO2 emissions, with a commensurate increase in the heliostat field area. For a solar multiple of 3 and bed material storage capacity of 16 h, the annual solar share is 21.8% and the annually averaged utilization factor of the heliostat field is 40.8%, assuming that the char conversion in the BFBG is 100%. However, the solar share is also found to be strongly dependent on the char conversion in the BFBG, so that the solar share decreases to zero as the conversion is decreased to 57%. The sensitivity of the SCTL performance to the quality of the solar resource is also reported.
Results of wind tunnel RCS interaction tests on a 0.010-scale space shuttle orbiter model (51-0) in the Calspan Corporation 48-inch hypersonic shock tunnel (test 0A93) (1976)

A hypersonic shock tunnel test on a 0.010 scale SSV orbital configuration was performed to determine the effects of RCS jet/flow field interactions on SSV aerodynamic stability and control characteristics at various hypersonic Mach and Reynolds numbers. Flow field interaction data were obtained using pitch and roll jets. In addition, direct impingement data were obtained at a Mach number of zero with the test section pumped down to below 10 microns of mercury pressure.
Dosimetric and thermal properties of a newly developed thermobrachytherapy seed with ferromagnetic core for treatment of solid tumors (2012)

An isothermal distribution matching with the radiation isodose distribution can be achieved within a target volume by tuning frequency and intensity of the alternating magnetic field. The proposed combination seed model has a potential for implementation of concurrent brachytherapy and hyperthermia.
Nano silver diffusion behaviour on conductive polymer during doping process for high voltage application (2017)

© Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. Conductive polymer had opened a new era of engineering for microelectronics and semiconductor applications. However, it is still a challenge for high voltage applications due to lower electrical conductivity compare to metals. This results tremendous energy losses during transmission and restricts its usage. In order to address such problem a novel method was investigated using nano silver particle doped iodothiophene since silver is the highest electrical conductive material. The experiments were carried out to study the organometallic diffusion behaviour of nanosilver doped iodothiophene with different concentration of iodothiophene. Five different mixing ratio between nanosilver and the solution of iodothiophene dissolved in diethyl ether were used which are 1:1.25, 1:1.5, 1:2.5, 1:3 and l:5. It was revealed that there is an effective threshold concentration of which the nano silver evenly distributed and there was no coagulation observed. These parameters laid the foundation of better doping process between the nano silver and the polymer significantly which would contribute developing conductive polymer towards high voltage application for industries that are vulnerable to corrosive environment.
Maximum-Power and Amplitude-Equalizing Algorithms for Phase Control in Space Diversity Combining (1983)

Space diversity receivers equipped with continuous combiners have, in recent years, found wide use in terrestrial microwave radio systems as a means of mitigating the effects of multipath fading. An analysis of two phase-control algorithms for space diversity combining, comparing the performance capabilities of a maximum-power and an amplitude-equalizing algorithm, is presented in this paper. The extended capabilities of the equalizing algorithm in mitigating linear and quadratic channel distortions are investigated through computer simulations. A reduction in digital radio outage time afforded by the equalizing algorithm (relative to that of the maximum-power algorithm) is approximated for over-water-paths where it is assumed that fading can be described in terms of a two-ray fading model. For the model chosen, we show that the additional outage reduction owing to the equalizing phase-control algorithm is highly dependent on the statistics of the multipath delay parameter, τ, and can vary from unity to a factor of five for different probability-density functions of τ.
Fired Cartridge Case Identification Using Optical Images and the Congruent Matching Cells (CMC) Method (2014)

The Congruent Matching Cells (CMC) method for ballistics identification was invented at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The CMC method is based on the correlation of pairs of small correlation cells instead of the correlation of entire images. Four identification parameters - T CCF, T θ, T x and T y are proposed for identifying correlated cell pairs originating from the same firearm. The correlation conclusion (matching or non-matching) is determined by whether the number of CMC is ≥ 6. This method has been previously validated using a set of 780 pair-wise 3D topography images. However, most ballistic images stored in current local and national databases are in an optical intensity (grayscale) format. As a result, the reliability of applying the CMC method on optical intensity images is an important issue. In this paper, optical intensity images of breech face impressions captured on the same set of 40 cartridge cases are correlated and analyzed for the validation test of CMC method using optical images. This includes correlations of 63 pairs of matching images and 717 pairs of non-matching images under top ring lighting. Tests of the method do not produce any false identification (false positive) or false exclusion (false negative) results, which support the CMC method and the proposed identification criterion, C = 6, for firearm breech face identifications using optical intensity images.
Apparatus and method for the characterization of respirable aerosols (2023)

An apparatus for the characterization of respirable aerosols, including: a burn chamber configured to selectively contain a sample that is selectively heated to generate an aerosol; a heating assembly disposed within the burn chamber adjacent to the sample; and a sampling segment coupled to the burn chamber and configured to collect the aerosol such that it may be analyzed. The apparatus also includes an optional sight window disposed in a wall of the burn chamber such that the sample may be viewed during heating. Optionally, the sample includes one of a Lanthanide, an Actinide, and a Transition metal.
Dynamic wettability study on the functionalized PEGylated layer on a polylactide surface constructed by the coating of aldehyde–ended poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)/polylactide (PLA) block copolymer (2000)

A block copolymer of α–acetal–poly(ethylene glycol) and polylactide(PEG/PLA) was prepared and utilized as a surface modifier to construct a functionalized PEG layer on a PLA substrate by simple coating. An active functional group, aldehyde, was readily prepared by the derivatization of an α–acetal group at the tethered PEG–chain end and can be further utilized to link bioactive functionality molecules such as sugars and proteins. The PEGylated surface thusprepared was characterized by the method of dynamic wetting using the Wilhelmy plate technique and bythe surface/interfacial free energy calculation. The results of the dynamic wetting study suggested that the interactions of PEG on the surface with water induce the reorientation of the hydrophilic PEGcomponent to accommodate itself optimally with the water phase, resulting in a significant reduction in the interfacial free energy. By employing the extended Fowkes’ equation, the polar interactions are accurately estimated in the free energy calculation of PEGylated surface; the polar components in surface free energy may be divided into two contributions with distinctive characteristics; one is the component reflecting water–interactive Lewis sites and the other is the component reflecting the dipole moment on the surface. The component, related to thePEG conformation via the dipole moment on the substrate, was suggested to be a determinant factor in the protein adsorption. Because these surfaces have both non–fouling and ligandbinding properties, they might support the selective binding and the growth of particular cell populations, and eventually, they are expected to have a high utility in biomedical fields including the field of tissue engineering.
Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching and photoconversion in multiple arbitrary regions of interest using a programmable array microscope (2009)

Photomanipulation (photobleaching, photoactivation, or photoconversion) is an essential tool in fluorescence microscopy. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) is commonly used for the determination of lateral diffusion constants of membrane proteins, and can be conveniently implemented in confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Such determinations provide important information on molecular dynamics in live cells. However, the CLSM platform is inherently limited for FRAP because of its inflexible raster (spot) scanning format. We have implemented FRAP and photoactivation protocols using structured illumination and detection in a programmable array microscope (PAM). The patterns are arbitrary in number and shape, dynamic and adjustable to and by the sample characteristics. We have used multispot PAM-FRAP to measure the lateral diffusion of the erbB3 (HER3) receptor tyrosine kinase labeled by fusion with mCitrine on untreated cells and after treatment with reagents that perturb the cytoskeleton or plasma membrane or activate coexpressed erbB1 (HER1, the EGF receptor EGFR). We also show the versatility of the PAM for photoactivation in arbitrary regions of interest, in cells expressing erbB3 fused with the photoconvertible fluorescent protein dronpa.
Genetic algorithm for amplifiers gain optimization in all-optical networks (2006)

In transparent, wavelength routed optical networks, the optimization of network amplifiers gains is a difficult task, because of the amplifier saturation effect and the dynamics of admission and termination of connections. In this paper, we propose and demonstrate a genetic algorithm for the enhancement of network performance by optimization of the gain of each amplifier in the network. The gain of each amplifier in the network is coded in a bit string. These strings are optimized through evolutionary processes such as crossover, mutation and selection, which is based on minimum network blocking probabilities. We show that this algorithm is able to improve considerably the overall network performance. Parameters such as the network load, output saturation power of amplifiers, initial population and number of generations used in the genetic algorithm are considered and their effects are analyzed.
Vaccinia virus-expressed bovine ephemeral fever virus G but not GNS glycoprotein induces neutralizing antibodies and protects against experimental infection (1996)

Two related glycoproteins (G and G(NS)) encoded in the bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) genome were expressed from recombinant vaccinia viruses (rVV). Both proteins were detected in lysates of rVV-infected cells by labelling with D-[6-3H]glucosamine or by immuno-blotting. The recombinant G protein (mol. mass 79 kDa) appeared slightly smaller than the native G protein but reacted with monoclonal antibodies directed against all defined neutralizing antigenic sites (G1, G2, G3a, G3b and G4). The recombinant G(NS) protein (mol. mass 90kDa) was identical in size to the native G(NS) protein and failed to react by immuno-fluorescence with anti-G protein monoclonal or poly-clonal antibodies. Antisera raised in rabbits against rVV-G or rVV-G(NS) both reacted strongly by immuno-fluorescence and immuno-electron microscopy with BEFV-infected cells. The G protein was localized intracellularly in the endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi complex and at the cell surface associated with budding and mature virus particles. The G(NS) protein also localized intracellularly in the endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi complex; however, at the cell surface it was associated with amorphous structures and not with budding or mature virions. Rabbits vaccinated with rVV-G developed high levels of antibodies which neutralized BEFV grown in either mammalian or insect cells. Cattle vaccinated with rVV-G also produced neutralizing antibodies and were protected against experimental BEFV infection. In contrast, rVV-G(NS) vaccinated rabbits and cattle failed to produce neutralizing antibodies and, after challenge, BEFV was isolated from two-thirds of the vaccinated cattle.