gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measurement of the structure function of the nearly free neutron using spectator tagging in inelasticH2(e,e′ps)Xscattering with CLAS (2014)

The BONuS experiment at Jefferson Lab demonstrates a new method to extract the neutron structure function. The authors scatter electrons from a deuterium target and select spectator protons in coincidence with the scattered electrons, under kinematic conditions that ensure that the scattering took place on a nearly free neutron. This method significantly reduces nuclear binding uncertainties and allows for a precise extraction of the neutron structure function.
New topotactic synthetic route to mesoporous silicon carbide (2011)

Mesoporous silicon carbide (SiC) was synthesized by a one-pot thermal reduction of SiO2/C composites by metallic Mg at the remarkably low temperature of 800 °C. Two distinct mesostructured silica were used as hard templates for composite preparation: a hexagonal 3D close-packed assembly of Stöber silica spheres and an ordered mesoporous SBA15 silica. In the latter case, SiC has crystallized in its 2H–SiC hexagonal phase, which is rather unique at such a low temperature. Composites were obtained by impregnation/polymerisation/carbonisation of a molecular carbon precursor within the porous structure of the silica template. After thermal treatment at a moderate temperature in the presence of Mg and subsequent by-products rinsing off, both prepared SiC showed distinct mesoporous structures related to the initial SiO2 architectures. By comparison of the mesoporous characteristics, resulting SiC was found to retain the carbon structures of the pristine composites. The description of the synthetic mechanism of this topotactic reaction contrasts with the usual assumption stating the templating role of silica.
On the Hardness of Approximating Max k-Cut and Its Dual (1997)

. We study the Max k-Cut problem and its dual, the Min k-Partition problem. In the Min k-Partition problem, given a graph G = (V; E) and positive edge weights, we want to find an edge set of minimum weight whose removal makes G k-colorable. For the Max k-Cut problem we show that, if P 6= NP, no polynomial time approximation algorithm can achieve a relative error better than 1=34k. It is well known that a relative error of 1=k is obtained by a naive randomized heuristic. For the Min k-Partition problem, we show that for k ? 2 and for every ffl ? 0, there exists a constant ff such that the problem cannot be approximated within ffjV j 2\\Gammaffl , even for dense graphs. Both problems are directly related to the frequency allocation problem for cellular (mobile) telephones, an application of industrial relevance. 1 Introduction In order to motivate the problems studied in this paper, consider the frequency allocation problem for cellular telephones. We are given a fixed set of k freque...
Project for generation of femtosecond X-ray beams from the DUKE storage ring (2002)

We propose to develop a CW X-ray femtosecond (fsec) source at 1.2 GeV Duke storage ring with the X-ray energy tuneable from 1.4 keV to 75 keV, the average flux from 10/sup 12/ to 10/sup 13/ ph/sec, and the average spectral brightness up to 0.510/sup 15/ ph/sec/mm/sup 2//mrad/sup 2//0.1%BW. A novel RF system with strong longitudinal focusing will compress and to sustain the electron bunches circulating in the ring to a RMS duration from 15 to 85 fsec. The CW fsec electron bunches will generate the Compton hard-X-ray beams and the photon beams from the existing light sources ranging form IR to VUV. Beams of all colours will be synchronised by the e-beam without jitter, making this configuration perfectly suites for pump-probe experiments. The proposed approach promises to outperform the popular "slicing technique" by at least three orders of magnitude. Duke's approach can be implemented at existing light source facilities at modest cost.
Temporal lobe developmental malformations and epilepsy (1998)

Temporal lobe developmental malformations (TLDM) with focal cortical dysplasia and balloon cells may coexist with mesial temporal sclerosis. The true incidence of this dual pathology is unknown. Our aim was to assess the frequency of amygdala (AM)-hippocampal abnormality in a homogeneous population with this specific developmental malformation. MRI-based volumetry of the AM and hippocampal formation (HF) in 30 patients with unilateral TLDM and intractable partial epilepsy was performed. A volume normalization process defined a normal range of HF and AM volumes in control subjects, and enabled the detection of bilateral volume loss. Normalized volumes detected HF atrophy in 26 patients (nine unilateral and 17 bilateral) and AM atrophy in 18 patients (three unilateral and 15 bilateral). Visual analysis detected unilateral HF abnormality in 21 patients and bilateral abnormality in two. When compared with a group of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and pure hippocampal sclerosis (N = 92), where volumetry revealed bilateral HF atrophy in 18%, a significant difference in the frequency of bilateral HF atrophy was found (p < 0.0001). Dual pathology is frequent in patients with TLDM (87%), and the AM-HF abnormality is often bilateral (57%). Our data suggest that more widespread and potentially epileptogenic lesions coexist with visibly detectable unilateral TLDM. This has implications for the selection of patients for temporal lobe surgery and may influence surgical strategies.
Clinical efficacy and safety of a new 1000-mg suspension versus twice-daily 500-mg tablets of MPFF in patients with symptomatic chronic venous disorders: a randomized controlled trial (2017)

MPFF 1000-mg oral suspension and MPFF 500-mg tablets treatments were associated with similar reductions in lower limb symptoms and QoL improvement. The new once daily MPFF1000-mg oral suspension has a similar safety profile to two tablets of MPFF 500 mg, with the advantage of one daily intake, potentially associated with improved patient adherence and easier CVD management.
Design and Implementation of an Enhanced Matched Filter for Sidelobe Reduction of Pulsed Linear Frequency Modulation Radar (2021)

Pulse compression techniques are commonly used in linear frequency modulated (LFM) waveforms to improve the signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) and range resolutions of pulsed radars, whose detection capabilities are affected by the sidelobes. In this study, a sidelobe reduction filter (SRF) was designed and implemented using software defined radio (SDR). An enhanced matched filter (EMF) that combines a matched filter (MF) and an SRF is proposed and was implemented. In contrast to the current commonly used approaches, the mathematical model of the SRF frequency response is extracted without depending on any iteration methods or adaptive techniques, which results in increased efficiency and computational speed for the developed model. The performance of the proposed EMF was verified through the measurement of four metrics, including the peak sidelobe ratio (PSLR), the impulse response width (IRW), the mainlobe loss ratio (MLR), and the receiver operational characteristics (ROCs) at different SNRs. The ambiguity function was then used to characterize the Doppler effect on the designed EMF. In addition, the detection of single and multiple targets using the proposed EMF was performed, and the results showed that it overcame the masking problem due to its effective reduction of the sidelobes. Hence, the practical application of the EMF matches the performance analysis. Moreover, when implementing the EMF proposed in this paper, it outperformed the common MF, especially when detecting targets moving at low speeds and having small radar cross-sections (RCS), even under severe masking conditions.
Spatial Considerations in SAR Speckle Simulation (1987)

An approach to simulation of SAR image products is de- scribed that departs from most other simulation algorithms in the method of speckle generation. Speckle is prepared corresponding to the frequency weightings and look sum strategy of the radar processor combination desired, and then multiplied by the source scene data pre- conditioned by the desired resolution. The method allows output pixel spacings to be specified independent of more fundamental system pa- rameters, and is accomplishdd efficiently. The approach is described, and typical results are presented. Key Words-Speckle, Spatial, Sampling, Resolution, SAR.
Prevention of formation of acid drainage from high‐sulfur coal refuse by inhibition of iron‐ and sulfur‐oxidizing microorganisms. I. Preliminary experiments in controlled shaken flasks (1987)

Changes of pH and sulfate concentration in high-sulfur coal refuse slurries are used as measurements of microbial pyrite oxidation in the laboratory. Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), alkylbenzene sulfonate (ABS), benzoic acid (BZ) and combinations of SLS plus BZ and ABS plus BZ effectively inhibited formation of sulfate and acid when added in concentrations greater than 50 mg/L to inoculated 20 or 30% coal refuse slurries. Here 25 mg/L concentrations of SLS, ABS, and ABS + BZ stimulated acid production. Formic, hexanoic, oxalic, propionic, and pyruvic acids at 0.1% concentrations were also effective inhibitors. Four different lignin sulfonates were only slightly effective inhibitors at 0.1% concentrations. It was concluded that acid formation resulting from microbial oxidation in high-sulfur coal refuse can be inhibited.
Histone deacetylases in replicative senescence: evidence for a senescence‐specific form of HDAC‐2 (2001)

To analyze mechanisms of senescence-associated gene expression, we have investigated histone deacetylases (HDACs) in human fibroblasts undergoing replicative senescence. We found that the overall acetylation pattern of histones does not vary detectably with replicative senescence. By Northern blot and Western blot, we found a significant decrease in the abundance of HDAC-1 in senescent cells. Biochemical analysis of deacetylase activities in extracts from old and young cells revealed a striking difference. While by anion exchange chromatography we found a single peak of activity in extracts from young cells, which coincided with the elution of both HDAC-1 and HDAC-2, in senescent cells a second peak of activity was found. This second peak of activity is associated with HDAC-2 but does not contain HDAC-1. These results suggest that HDAC-2 is present in at least two distinct forms, one of which is specific for senescent cells. Further biochemical characterization of the enzyme activity revealed that addition of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) did not detectably influence the activity of any fraction, suggesting that NAD is not an essential co-factor for the analyzed HDACs from diploid human fibroblasts.
[Cytologic methods in dermatology]. (1990)

Cytology is a simple, fast, and inexpensive procedure yielding a high degree of diagnostic accuracy-provided the examiner has a good deal of experience. It has not yet become generally accepted in the diagnosis of skin diseases, since biopsies are very easy to perform, and histopathology is still more reliable than cytology. Modern techniques such as electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, immunocytochemistry with polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies, immunoelectron microscopy, DNA flow cytometry, and in situ hybridization have considerably increased the potentials of cytology and will certainly help to win general recognition in dermatology, as well.
Authors' Reply [Comments on "Wide-band e-shaped patch antennas for wireless communications"] (2003)

For original paper see Yang, F. et al., ibid., vol.49, p.1094-1100 (2001). For comment see Sanad, M., ibid., p.2541. The authors express their regret that they did not refer to Dr. Sanad's work and thank him for his interest in their paper. They acknowledge the extent of his work on the double C-patch antenna and its application in the field of mobile communication.
Supplementary Table 2 from Dual Inhibition of NOX2 and Receptor Tyrosine Kinase by BJ-1301 Enhances Anticancer Therapy Efficacy via Suppression of Autocrine-Stimulatory Factors in Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;The IC50 of BJ-1301, Î±-TOH, and sunitinib with respect to receptor tyrosine kinases&lt;/p&gt;
Aerial precision 3-D ground surveillance and localization using a network of inexpensive, disposable, image-based sensors (2016)

Protecting borders is an overwhelming task. While there are various surveillance technologies aiming to protect land and maritime borders, it is difficult to achieve a total (100%), uninterrupted, real-time coverage at low cost. This paper does not attempt to solve the problem of coverage or the problem of an uninterrupted surveillance over a long period of time; rather, it focuses on a precise 3-D visualization of a limited target area that might temporarily or permanently be left exposed and unprotected. We introduce the RAIN system, a distributed low-cost wireless network of imagers used for 3-D aerial ground surveillance. We assume that our rapid deployment concept is especially effective in cases where no other surveillance equipment and/or resources can be deployed for either technical or economic reasons. We also assume that the target area is such that the visual, high-altitude surveillance alternatives will not have enough resolution to uncover all necessary target features and properties. And finally, we assume that the solution cost can be a major factor in deployment decision-making.
Towards a Task-Agnostic Model of Difficulty Estimation for Supervised Learning Tasks (2020)

Antonio Laverghetta Jr., Jamshidbek Mirzakhalov, John Licato. Proceedings of the 1st Conference of the Asia-Pacific Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 10th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing: Student Research Workshop. 2020.
Field-scale dynamic modeling of agriculture-operation dust dispersion (2007)

The frequency and intensities of dust exposures in and near farm fields, which potentially contribute to high intensity human exposure events, are rarely documented due to the transient nature of local dust plumes and the difficulties of making accurate concentration measurements. This paper presents a dynamic random-walk model which simulates the field-scale PM10 (particle diameter =10 m) dust dispersion from agriculture disking operation. The major inputs are the friction velocity (u*) and wind direction in the simulation period, atmospheric stability, and source strength (mg/s, or particle numbers/s). In each time step (Lagrangian time scale, usually dt 1 s determined by the friction velocity and stability) of the model simulation, 3 instantaneous wind velocities (x, y and z directions) are produced randomly based on friction velocity and atmospheric stability. Then, the wind velocities drive each particle to fly. The particle deposition algorithm judges if a particle is deposited based on the particle settling speed and vertical wind velocity when it touches the ground surface. The particle concentration in 3-D can be obtained at any instant in time by counting the particle numbers in a unit volume. The time resolution of the outputs can be less than 1 s and the spatial resolution can be smaller than 1 m. Simulations from this model are compared with point sampler measurements (PM10) and spatial distributions of dust concentration data which were obtained by elastic Lidar. The model accuracy is acceptable.
BORIS Binding to the Promoters of Cancer Testis Antigens, MAGEA2, MAGEA3, and MAGEA4, Is Associated with Their Transcriptional Activation in Lung Cancer (2011)

These data suggest that BORIS positively regulates these CTAs by binding and inducing a shift to a more open chromatin conformation with promoter demethylation for MAGEA3 or independent of promoter demethylation in case of MAGEA2 and MAGEA4 and may be a key effector involved in their derepression in lung cancer.
ESD-induced internal core device failure: new failure modes in system-on-chip (SOC) designs (2005)

With MOSFET scaling, increased design complexity, and multiple system power domains, ESD failures occur in internal core areas which are not connected to external package pins. A review of the various internal core device failure mechanisms and design recommendations are presented.
High‐throughput genotyping in osteosarcoma identifies multiple mutations in phosphoinositide‐3‐kinase and other oncogenes (2011)

In this largest mutational profiling of osteosarcoma to date, the authors identified for the first time several mutations involving the PI3K pathway, adding osteosarcoma to the growing list of malignancies with PI3K mutations. In addition, they initiated a mutational map detailing DNA sequence changes across a variety of osteosarcoma subtypes and offered new candidates for therapeutic targeting.
Reductive Removal of Selenate in Water Using Stabilized Zero‐Valent Iron Nanoparticles (2016)

Polysaccharide-stabilized zero-valent iron (ZVI) nanoparticles were synthesized using sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) or starch as stabilizer, and tested for reductive removal of selenate in water. Batch kinetic tests showed that the stabilized ZVI nanoparticles offer much faster selenate removal than bare ZVI particles at both pH 6.0 and pH 8.4. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses confirmed Se(VI) was transformed to Se(IV) and Se(0), which are removed along with the nanoparticles. Neutral pH (~7) was found to be most favorable for the reductive removal. Decreasing pH to 5.0 or increasing it to 8.0 reduced the removal rate of CMC-stabilized ZVI by a factor of 4.6 or 1.3, respectively, based on the observed first-order-rate constant. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) at 5 mg/L as total organic carbon (TOC) had modest inhibitive effect, but DOM at 25 mg/L TOC decreased selenate removal by 25%. The stabilized nanoparticles hold the potential to facilitate in situ remediation of selenate-contaminated soil and groundwater.
Actinomycetes: A Repertory of Green Catalysts with a Potential Revenue Resource (2013)

Biocatalysis, one of the oldest technologies, is becoming a favorable alternative to chemical processes and a vital part of green technology. It is an important revenue generating industry due to a global market projected at $7 billion in 2013 with a growth of 6.7% for enzymes alone. Some microbes are important sources of enzymes and are preferred over sources of plant and animal origin. As a result, more than 50% of the industrial enzymes are obtained from bacteria. The constant search for novel enzymes with robust characteristics has led to improvisations in the industrial processes, which is the key for profit growth. Actinomycetes constitute a significant component of the microbial population in most soils and can produce extracellular enzymes which can decompose various materials. Their enzymes are more attractive than enzymes from other sources because of their high stability and unusual substrate specificity. Actinomycetes found in extreme habitats produce novel enzymes with huge commercial potential. This review attempts to highlight the global importance of enzymes and extends to signify actinomycetes as promising harbingers of green technology.
Hydrophone VSP Imaging in the Agnew - Wiluna Belt, Western Australia (2010)

24 channel hydrophone array was conducted concurrently with a short 2D seismic section in the Agnew-Wiluna greenstone belt. The primary aim of this experiment was to test the applicability of borehole reflection seismology in a complex hard rock (HR) environment. The Agnew ? Wiluna VSP field experiments produced high quality signal to noise ratio images. Through the use of Kirchhoff migration high angle structures were mapped with detail around the borehole for both near and far offset shots. Apparent dips in the surface seismic and in particular zero-offset VSP are in agreement with each other and appear to perfectly match foliation alignments observed in numerous core samples. Faults crossing the sections were better identified in the walk-away VSP experiment. These results show great promise for developing a cost effective high resolution seismic imaging technique at the localised mining scale.
What Ultrasound Can and Cannot Do in Implantable Medical Device Communications (2021)

Modern Active Medical Implantable Devices require communications to transmit information to the outside world or other implantable sub-systems. This can include physiological data, diagnostics, and parameters to optimise the therapeutic protocol. The available options are to use optical, radiofrequency, or ultrasonic communications. However, in all cases, transmission becomes more difficult with deeper transmission through tissue. Challenges include absorption and scattering by tissue, and the need to ensure there are no undesirable heating effects. As such, this paper aims to review research progress in using ultrasound as an alternative for deep tissue communications. We provide an empirical review of the technology and communication protocols that different groups have used, as well as comparing the implications in terms of penetration depth, implant size, and data rate. We conclude that this technique has promise for deeper implants and for intrabody communications between implantable devices (intrabody networks).
LC-finer catalyst testing. Final report (1983)

The activity and aging rate of modified Shell 324 Ni-Mo-Al catalyst were studied in ICRC's process development unit (PDU) under SRC-I Demonstration Plant hydroprocessing conditions. The studies determined variations in SRC conversion, hydrocarbon gas production, hydrogen consumption, and heteroatom removal at both constant and increasing reaction temperatures. Samples of spent catalyst were analyzed to ascertain the reasons for catalyst deactivation. Finally, the PDU hydroprocessing results were compared with those generated at Lummus and Wilsonville pilot plants. 14 references, 25 figures, 16 tables.
Construction and first result of a scaled transmission system with the Distributed Power Flow Controller (DPFC) (2009)

The Distributed Power Flow Controller (DPFC) is a new device within the family of FACTS devices. The DPFC has the same control capability as the UPFC, but with much lower cost and higher reliability. The paper presents the experimental results of the DPFC in a scaled simple power system. The objective of this DPFC experimental setup is to verify the principle of using 3rdharmonic to exchange active power between shunt and series converters. Several converters are made, and each is controlled by an individual DSP. It proves that the DPFC can independently control active and reactive power flow through the line.
Ferroelectric memory based secure dynamically programmable gate array (2003)

A nonvolatile ferroelectric SRAM based 8-context dynamically programmable gate array enables low-cost field programmable systems by the elimination of off-chip nonvolatile memories. Read and program procedures of the associated configuration memory are securely protected, so that unauthorized users cannot gain access to configuration data. The ferroelectric SRAM configuration memory features 2ns nondestructive read operations along with stable data recall. The logic block circuit is optimized to improve available logic gates for multi-context scheme.