gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
AFRA: a low cost high performance reliable routing for 3D mesh NoCs (2012)

Three-dimensional network-on-chips are suitable communication fabrics for high-density 3D many-core ICs. Such networks have shorter communication hop count, compared to 2D NoCs, and enjoy fast and power efficient TSV wires in vertical links. Unfortunately, the fabrication process of TSV connections has not matured yet, which results in poor vertical links yield. In this work, we address this challenge and introduce AFRA, a deadlock-free routing algorithm for 3D mesh-based NoCs that tolerates faults on vertical links. AFRA is designed to be simple, high performance, and robust. The simplicity is achieved by applying ZXY and XZXY routings in the absence and presence of fault, respectively. Furthermore, AFRA, as will be proved, is deadlock-free when all vertical faulty links have the same direction. This enables the routing to save virtual channels for performance rather than scarifying them for deadlock avoidance. Finally, AFRA provides robustness, which means supporting connection for all possible pairs of communicating nodes in high fault rates. AFRA is evaluated, though cycle accurate network simulation, and is compared with planar adaptive routing. Results reveal that AFRA significantly outperforms planar adaptive routing in both synthetic and real traffic patterns. In addition, the robustness of AFRA is calculated analytically.
Alleles of the KIR2DL4 receptor and their lack of association with pre-eclampsia (2002)

A survey of KIR2DL4 polymorphism revealed seven common sequences in the Australian population. The seven sequences encode three different amino acid sequences of the immunoglobulin domains. Two of the sequences encoding different amino acid sequences in the immunoglobulin domains also occur on some chromosomes with a single nucleotide deletion at the end of exon 6, which encodes the transmembrane domain (ΔTM mutation), resulting in exon 6 skipping during mRNA production. Due to alternate splicing, a fraction of the mRNA produced by these alleles includes the transmembrane region but is missing the cytoplasmic region. The remaining two sequences differed only by synonymous substitutions. All of the exonic polymorphisms of KIR2DL4 could be detected by single-stranded conformational polymorphism of individually amplified exons. The ΔTM mutation is in linkage disequilibrium with the killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) A haplotype, and the wild-type sequence is in linkage disequilibrium with the B haplotype. The frequencies of alleles with the ΔTM mutation or Ig-domain polymorphisms did not differ between women who experienced pre-eclampsia and normotensive controls. Similarly there was no difference in the KIR gene repertoire in pre-eclampsia and normotensive controls.
Stereospecific hydride transfer under NCI/OH− conditions. 2—Origins of the C2H4O elimination from stereoisomeric alkoxyketal derivatives1 (1985)

Abstract A new stereospecific intramolecular hydride transfer, induced by an alkoxide, has been demonstrated under NCI/OH − conditions using unimolecular and collision‐induced decomposition spectra.
Cysteine Scanning Mutagenesis of TM5 Reveals Conformational Changes in OxlT, the Oxalate Transporter of Oxalobacter formigenes (2008)

We constructed a single-cysteine panel encompassing TM5 of the oxalate transporter, OxlT. The 25 positions encompassed by TM5 were largely tolerant of mutagenesis, and functional product was recovered for 21 of the derived variants. For these derivatives, thiol-directed MTS-linked agents (MTSEA, MTSCE, and MTSES) were used as probes of transporter function, yielding 11 mutants that responded to probe treatment, as indicated by effects on oxalate transport. Further study identified three biochemical phenotypes among these responders. Group 1 included seven mutants, exemplified by G151C, displaying substrate protection against probe inhibition. Group 2 was comprised of a single mutant, P156C, which had unexpected behavior. In this case, we observed increased activity if weak acid/base or neutral probes were used, while exposure to probes introducing a fixed charge led to decreased function. In both instances, the presence of substrate prevented the observed response. Group 3 contained three mutants (e.g., S143C) in which probe sensitivity was increased by the presence of substrate. The finding of substrate-protectable probe modification in groups 1 and 2 suggests that TM5 lies on the permeation pathway, as do its structural counterparts, TM2, TM8, and TM11. In addition, we speculate that substrate binding facilitates TM5 conformational changes that allow new regions to become accessible to MTS-linked probes (group 3). These biochemical data are consistent with the recently developed OxlT homology model.
Path Finding for the Coalition of Co-operative Agents Acting in the Environment with Destructible Obstacles (2018)

The problem of planning a set of paths for the coalition of robots (agents) with different capabilities is considered in the paper. Some agents can modify the environment by destructing the obstacles thus allowing the other ones to shorten their paths to the goal. As a result the mutual solution of lower cost, e.g. time to completion, may be acquired. We suggest an original procedure to identify the obstacles for further removal that can be embedded into almost any heuristic search planner (we use Theta*) and evaluate it empirically. Results of the evaluation show that time-to-complete the mission can be decreased up to 9-12 % by utilizing the proposed technique.
Synthesis and Properties of Europium Complexes with β-Diketone Ligands for Organic Electroluminescent Devices (1998)

Abstract Europium complexes with new β-diketone ligands with fluorene for organic electroluminescent (EL) devices have been synthesized and their properties examined. The absorption spectra of the complexes were varied by changing the conjugated system of the β-diketone; also, the energy transfer from the host material to the europium complexes and the intramolecular energy transfer have been improved. Concerning the volatility, the thermal properties of the europium complexes were improved by using phenanthroline derivatives. We fabricated organic EL devices using the synthesized complexes, and investigated the luminance of the devices.
Soft x-ray analysis system for reflection, secondary electron, and fluorescence spectroscopy (1989)

This article describes an UHV compatable soft x-ray analysis system for reflection, secondary electron, and fluorescence spectroscopy. It is equipped with a reflectometer with an angular accuracy of 0.01°. This is achieved with rotary encoders directly coupled to the rotation axes. At the same time, the system is equipped with an electron multiplier, a cylindrical mirror analyzer, and a Si(Li) detector, each for measuring total secondary electrons, photo- and Auger electrons, and fluorescence. Furthermore, it is possible to form multilayer films and analyze them in situ. The performance of the reflectometer has been tested on the beamline BL-8A at the Photon Factory. We present the results of reflectivity measurements for diamond-cut copper mirrors and Langmuir–Blodgett films.
Dielectric and Photoorientation Studies in Semicrystalline Melamine Monomers and Amorphous Melamine Networks Containing Azobenzene Chromophores (2000)

We demonstrate optical storage by means of trans−cis isomerization within melamine monomers as well as within the corresponding cross-linked melamine resins using holographic grating experiments. The melamine monomer is chemically linked with a photoaddressable azobenzene group. By thermal treatment the semicrystalline monomers can be converted into the amorphous cross-linked resin. Both the monomer material and the cross-linked resins display a photoinduced trans−cis isomerization of the azo groups, a stable photoorientation under irradiation with linear polarized light, and a stable storage of holographic gratings. The photokinetics in the different environments are found to be similiar but somewhat faster for the amorphous resins.
Eye Movement Patterns to Social and Non-social Cues in Early Deaf Adults (2019)

Centrally presented gaze and arrow cues cause covert shifts of attention even when they are uninformative. The validity effect of the cues is evident on manual reaction time (RT), as responses are faster for targets appearing at cued locations relative to those appearing at uncued locations. Interestingly, previous research on covert orienting to the periphery suggested that early profound deaf adults were less susceptible to uninformative gaze cues, though were equally if not more affected by non-social arrow cues (Heimler et al., 2015). The aim of the present work was to investigate whether spontaneous eye movement behaviour helps explain the absence of social cuing in the deaf observers. We tracked the gaze of age-matched deaf (n = 24) and hearing observers (n = 24) performing a peripheral discrimination task with uninformative central cues (gaze vs. arrow), SOA (250 vs. 750 ms) and cue validity (valid vs. invalid) as within-subject factors. In both groups, the cuing effect on RT was comparable for the gaze- and arrow-cue, although deaf observers responded significantly slower than hearing controls. While deaf and hearing observers responded equally to the cue presented in isolation, deaf observers relied significantly more on eye movements than hearing controls once the discrimination target was presented. Notably, in the deaf group, saccade latency was affected by cue type but not by cue validity, while for landing position the reverse was true. Saccade landing position was strongly related to the magnitude of the validity effect on RT, such that the greater the difference in saccade landing position between invalid and valid trials, the greater the difference in manual RT between invalid and valid trials. This work suggests that the contribution of overt selection in central cuing of attention is enhanced in deaf adults and determines the attentional performance, irrespective of cue type.
Programmed Synthesis by Stimuli‐Responsive DNAzyme‐Modified Mesoporous SiO2 Nanoparticles (2015)

DNAzyme-capped mesoporous SiO2 nanoparticles (MP SiO2 NPs) are applied as stimuli-responsive containers for programmed synthesis. Three types of MP SiO2 NPs are prepared by loading the NPs with Cy3-DBCO (DBCO=dibenzocyclooctyl), Cy5-N3 , and Cy7-N3 , and capping the NP containers with the Mg(2+) , Zn(2+) , and histidine-dependent DNAzyme sequences, respectively. In the presence of Mg(2+) and Zn(2+) ions as triggers, the respective DNAzyme-capped NPs are unlocked, leading to the "click" reaction product Cy3-Cy5. In turn, in the presence of Mg(2+) ions and histidine as triggers the second set of DNAzyme-capped NPs is unlocked leading to the Cy3-Cy7 conjugated product. The unloading of the respective NPs and the time-dependent formation of the products are followed by fluorescence spectroscopy (FRET). A detailed kinetic model for the formation of the different products is formulated and it correlates nicely with the experimental results.
Correlation study on resist outgassing between EUV and e-beam irradiation (2014)

The carbon contamination growth (CG) on the witness samples by resist outgassing during exposure were evaluated for the model EUV resist samples having different protecting groups for chemical amplification. Four kinds of different protecting groups were chosen to compare the effects of difference in activation energy for de-protection, the molecular size and polarity of de-protected unit on CG. The residual gas analysis (RGA) measurements were also performed for all samples. Those results were compared between EUV irradiation and e-beam irradiation. On the contrary to the original expectation, it was found that the dependence of the activation energy on CG was small. From the results of RGA, it was confirmed that the size of the protecting group does not also simply correlate with the outgassing amount or CG. In the sample with relatively bigger protecting group we found larger outgassing amount than that with smaller protecting group. The smallest outgassing amount and CG were given by the sample which has the polar de-protecting unit. It is indicating that if there is the interaction between the outgassing molecules and the resist film components, the escaping of the molecules from the resist film out to the vacuum is restricted, resulting in the small outgassing and small CG. All of those features were same in EUV and e-beam irradiation.
Preclinical evaluation of illudins as anticancer agents. (1987)

Illudins are low molecular weight natural products which were previously evaluated as anticancer drugs using rodent tumor models. In the present studies, we used in vitro cultures of human cancer cells to reevaluate their potential as anticancer agents. Using continuous exposure, Illudins S and M were cytotoxic to human leukemia cells at concentrations of 6-100 nM, but dihydroilludin M was 3 orders of magnitude less toxic, thus identifying a ketone site as a structural feature critical for cytotoxicity. Cytokinetic studies showed that illudin S caused a complete block at the G1-S phase interface of the cell cycle. Kinetics of inhibition of radiolabeled thymidine, uridine, and leucine incorporation suggested a primary effect on DNA synthesis. In colony and liquid culture assays, cell killing was time dependent but near maximal with a 2-h exposure. Myeloid and T-lymphocyte leukemia cells were most sensitive (50% inhibitory concentration, 6-11 nM), but B-cell leukemia/lymphoma, melanoma, and ovarian carcinoma cells were at least 10 times more resistant. Bone marrow granulocyte/macrophage progenitors showed intermediate sensitivity. Illudin S was equally effective against CEM T-lymphocyte leukemia cells expressing the multidrug resistance phenotype associated with Mr 180,000 glycoprotein and the parental cell line. CEM cells resistant to doxorubicin, epipodophyllotoxins, and 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine showed only a 2-fold increased resistance to illudin S. Illudins are novel and potent cytotoxins which may be preferentially active against human myeloid and T-cell leukemias, including cells resistant to more conventional chemotherapeutic agents. The present studies illustrate the breadth of information which can be obtained on a new agent using present in vitro screening procedures and human cells.
Client-server, Distributed Database Strategies in a Health-care Record System for a Homeless Population (1994)

Medical records access in a transient population poses special problems. Use of client-server and distributed database strategies can provide a technical foundation that provides a secure, reliable, and accessible computer-based medical record in this environment.
Poster: IsoRAN: Isolation and Scaling for 5G RAN via User-Level Data Plane Virtualization (2020)

5G presents a unique set of challenges for cellular network architecture. The architecture needs to be versatile in order to handle a variety of use cases. In this paper we propose IsoRAN, a design for 5G Cloud RAN(CRAN) which provides isolation and scaling along with the flexibility needed for 5G architecture through fine-grained slicing. Our design allows users with diverse service requirements to be executed on the most efficient hardware, to ensure that the Service Level Agreements(SLA) are met while minimizing power consumption. Our experiments show that IsoRAN handles users with different SLA while providing isolation to reduce interference. This increased isolation reduces the drop rate for different users from 42% to nearly 0% in some cases while requiring only half the amount of resources.
Room temperature single photon emission from zinc oxide nanoparticles formed by ion implantation in silica (2013)

We report room temperature single photon emission from optical emitters in zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles formed using ion implantation and thermal oxidation in a silica substrate.
Capture of carbon dioxide and hydrogen by engineered Escherichia coli: hydrogen-dependent CO2 reduction to formate (2021)

In times of global climate change and the fear of dwindling resources, we are facing different considerable challenges such as the replacement of fossil fuel-based energy carriers with the coincident maintenance of the increasing energy supply of our growing world population. Therefore, CO<sub>2</sub> capturing and H<sub>2</sub> storing solutions are urgently needed. In this study, we demonstrate the production of a functional and biotechnological interesting enzyme complex from acetogenic bacteria, the hydrogen-dependent CO<sub>2</sub> reductase (HDCR), in the well-known model organism Escherichia coli. We identified the metabolic bottlenecks of the host organisms for the production of the HDCR enzyme complex. Here we show that the recombinant expression of a heterologous enzyme complex transforms E. coli into a whole-cell biocatalyst for hydrogen-driven CO<sub>2</sub> reduction to formate without the need of any external co-factors or endogenous enzymes in the reaction process. This shifts the industrial platform organism E. coli more and more into the focus as biocatalyst for CO<sub>2</sub>-capturing and H<sub>2</sub>-storage. KEY POINTS: • A functional HDCR enzyme complex was heterologously produced in E. coli. • The metabolic bottlenecks for HDCR production were identified. • HDCR enabled E. coli cell to capture and store H<sub>2</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> in the form of formate.
Acute Myeloid Leukemia or Myelodysplastic Syndrome Following Use of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factors During Breast Cancer Adjuvant Chemotherapy (2007)

The use of G-CSF was associated with a doubling in the risk of subsequent AML or MDS among the population that we studied, although the absolute risk remained low. Even if this association is confirmed, the benefits of G-CSF may still outweigh the risks. Meanwhile, however, G-CSF use should not be assumed to be risk free.
Elemental composition results for the Near-Shoemaker gamma-ray spectrometer (2002)

Elemental composition results for the surface measurements on 433 Eros by the Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous (NEAR) gamma-ray spectrometer are reviewed. Extension of the elemental composition results to the whole asteroid using orbital gamma-ray measurements will be considered. Additional information is contained in the original extended abstract.
Modification by food of the calcium absorbability and physicochemical effects of calcium citrate. (1992)

The food-calcium (Ca) interaction was examined in 12 healthy women (mean age 38 years) maintained on a constant metabolic diet. They underwent three phases of study, comprised of control (no Ca), Ca citrate (1 g Ca/day) during meals, and Ca citrate separately from meals. Each phase was 7 days in length and two 24-hour urine samples were collected on days 6 and 7. The rise from the control phase in urinary Ca was slightly more prominent when Ca citrate was given with meals than without (68 and 62%, respectively). The fall in urinary phosphorus was equivalent at about 25% between Ca citrate phases. The rise in urinary citrate and pH and the decline in urinary ammonium were more prominent when Ca citrate was given with meals; however, the changes were small or nonsignificant. The urinary saturation of Ca oxalate, brushite or monosodium urate did not differ between the two Ca citrate phases. There was a nonsignificant rise in serum iron during Ca citrate phases. The results suggest that: 1) dissolution and absorption of Ca citrate might be slightly greater when given with food than without; 2) that the ability of Ca citrate to attenuate crystallization of stone-forming Ca salts in urine is not modified by food; and 3) that Ca citrate may not impair iron absorption from food.
Change cases (1996)

Evolution of software systems is prompted by all sorts of changes. This paper demonstrates how the use case , a well known construct in object-oriented analysis, is adapted to form the change case , to identify and articulate anticipated system changes. A change case provides the ability to identify and incorporate expected future change into a design to enhance the long-term robustness of that design. In this paper, we define change cases and demonstrate how change cases are captured by the analyst. We present examples to illustrate how change cases can influence present system design and point the way toward designs that more easily accommodate expected future changes. Change cases can be effectively employed in the context of any methodology that supports use cases and traceability links.
Pitfalls of the Typical Construction of Decision Matrices for Concept Selection (2003)

The conceptual design phase of the engineering design process can be divided into three general activities (i) function specification, (ii) concept generation, and (iii) concept selection. In this paper we explore the pitfalls of one of the most popular approaches for concept selection – namely decision matrices. Although powerful in many cases, methods based on decision matrices may fail to aid designers in selecting potentially preferable designs. This is simply because decision matrices are based on an inadequate mathematical construct. In this paper, we show that some non-dominated design concepts (in particular, optimal concepts that lie on non-convex regions of the Pareto frontier) do not receive the highest total score when using decision matrices in their typical form; and as a result, may be prematurely eliminated. In practice, it is not uncommon for designers to use information from the decision matrix to classify certain design concepts as undesirable, when actually they may be desirable. This paper exposes significant risks associated with decision matrices, and suggests candidate alternative approaches. Interestingly, we also show that constructing decision matrices using approaches such as compromise programming does not necessarily solve the problem of misrepresenting the desirability of design concepts that lie on non-convex regions of the Pareto frontier.