gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A comparison of supervised and unsupervised cross-lingual speaker adaptation approaches for HMM-based speech synthesis (2010)

The EMIME project aims to build a personalized speech-to-speech translator, such that spoken input of a user in one language is used to produce spoken output that still sounds like the user's voice however in another language. This distinctiveness makes unsupervised cross-lingual speaker adaptation one key to the project's success. So far, research has been conducted into unsupervised and cross-lingual cases separately by means of decision tree marginalization and HMM state mapping respectively. In this paper we combine the two techniques to perform unsupervised cross-lingual speaker adaptation. The performance of eight speaker adaptation systems (supervised vs. unsupervised, intra-lingual vs. cross-lingual) is compared using objective and subjective evaluations. Experimental results show the performance of unsupervised cross-lingual speaker adaptation is comparable to that of the supervised case in terms of spectrum adaptation in the EMIME scenario, even though automatically obtained transcriptions have a very high phoneme error rate.
The Role of Lymphokines and Monokines in Fibrosis (1985)

The close association of mononuclear inflammatory cells and fibroblasts within inflammatory loci during fibroplasia and fibrogenesis has prompted investigations seeking to identify potential intercellular signals linking inflammation and fibrosis. Lymphocytes and macrophages precede the influx of fibroblasts into these sites and exist within the lesion as fibroblasts infiltrate, divide, and generate components of the extracellular matrix. In vitro studies have revealed that activated lymphocytes and monocytes are capable of generating mediators that effect these fibroblast functions including stimulation of fibroblast chemotaxis, proliferation, and collagen and glycosaminoglycan synthesis (Figure 2). Furthermore, several of these mediators have been found to be spontaneously generated by lymphocytes and/or macrophages which have been isolated directly from an inflammatory site. Inflammatory cells are also the source of inhibitory factors which interrupt fibroblast motility, division, and collagen synthesis. Consequently, mononuclear cells appear to be instrumental in the cessation of fibrotic mechanisms after normal repair has occurred. The pronounced fibroplasia and fibrosis which often occur in association with certain immune-mediated disorders (schistosomiasis, pulmonary fibrosis, SCW-induced granuloma) may be the consequence of prolonged production of the lymphokines and monokines which enhance fibroblast function by chronically stimulated inflammatory cells or alternatively, of the failure to generate adequate levels of inhibitory molecules. The location and the phenotype of the target fibroblast must also be important since some organs (liver, lungs, dermis) frequently demonstrate preferential fibrotic sequelae in response to inflammatory stimuli, whereas others favor pronounced degradation of connective tissue (synovium). The regulation of these connective tissue events appears to involve multiple interdependent pathways with both positive and negative feedback control. Continued exploration of the lymphocyte and monocyte signals which converge on the fibroblast as the target cell will provide further insight into the mechanisms of connective tissue repair and pathologic fibrosis.
Oil-free centrifugal hydrogen compression technology demonstration (2014)

One of the key elements in realizing a mature market for hydrogen vehicles is the deployment of a safe and efficient hydrogen production and delivery infrastructure on a scale that can compete economically with current fuels. The challenge, however, is that hydrogen, being the lightest and smallest of gases with a lower viscosity and density than natural gas, readily migrates through small spaces and is difficult to compresses efficiently. While efficient and cost effective compression technology is crucial to effective pipeline delivery of hydrogen, the compression methods used currently rely on oil lubricated positive displacement (PD) machines. PD compression technology is very costly, has poor reliability and durability, especially for components subjected to wear (e.g., valves, rider bands and piston rings) and contaminates hydrogen with lubricating fluid. Even so called “oil-free” machines use oil lubricants that migrate into and contaminate the gas path. Due to the poor reliability of PD compressors, current hydrogen producers often install duplicate units in order to maintain on-line times of 98-99%. Such machine redundancy adds substantially to system capital costs. As such, DOE deemed that low capital cost, reliable, efficient and oil-free advanced compressor technologies are needed. MiTi’s solution is a completely oil-free, multi-stage, high-speed, centrifugal compressor designed for flow capacity of 500,000 kg/day with a discharge pressure of 1200 psig. The design employs oil-free compliant foil bearings and seals to allow for very high operating speeds, totally contamination free operation, long life and reliability. This design meets the DOE’s performance targets and achieves an extremely aggressive, specific power metric of 0.48 kW-hr/kg and provides significant improvements in reliability/durability, energy efficiency, sealing and freedom from contamination. The multi-stage compressor system concept has been validated through full scale performance testing of a single stage with helium similitude gas at full speed in accordance with ASME PTC-10. The experimental results indicated that aerodynamic performance, with respect to compressor discharge pressure, flow, power and efficiency exceeded theoretical prediction. Dynamic testing of a simulated multistage centrifugal compressor was also completed under a parallel program to validate the integrity and viability of the system concept. The results give strong confidence in the feasibility of the multi-stage design for use in hydrogen gas transportation and delivery from production locations to point of use.
Supplementary Figure 1 from MicroRNA Expression, Chromosomal Alterations, and Immunoglobulin Variable Heavy Chain Hypermutations in Mantle Cell Lymphomas (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from MicroRNA Expression, Chromosomal Alterations, and Immunoglobulin Variable Heavy Chain Hypermutations in Mantle Cell Lymphomas
Measuring the Total and Sequestered Organic Matter Contents of Grassland and Forest Soil Profiles in the National Ecological Observatory Network Initiative (2015)

The National Soil Project (NSP) at Northeastern University has been measuring the total and sequestered soil organic matter (SOM) contents of more than 2000 soil horizons from all 50 US states since 2008. The sequestration data establish a baseline SOM content of a soil and are a measure of its quality and health. In this paper, on behalf of the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON)–NSP collaboration we report the total and sequestered SOM contents of 11 grassland and forest profiles in eight US states at elevations of 25 to 1548 m and 7 soil orders to depths of 200 cm. Such soils serve (i) as standards with which other soils can be compared and (ii) as benchmarks for NEON measurements. Total SOM was measured by optimized loss‐on‐ignition (LOI) of dried soil samples at 650°C for 12 h. Sequestered SOM is represented by long‐lived humic substances (HS) in the form of humic acids (HA), fulvic acids (FA), and sequestered dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Humic acids were measured gravimetrically; FA and sequestered DOC were measured by visible and UV spectrophotometry, respectively. Major findings are: (i) the data are mostly reproducible; (ii) carbon sequestration drops sharply below the A horizons; (iii) there are three profile types (in six Type A profiles the percentage HA exhibits a minimum with increasing depth, whereas no minimum is evident in the four Type B profiles investigated, and the Jornada profile labeled C features increasing percentage HA with increasing depth due to a carbonate barrier at 78 cm depth); (iv) decreasing FA/HA ratios with increasing percentage humification indicates FA as precursors of HA; (v) regression of FA against HA for all Type B profiles has a slope of 0.38 (cf. 0.29 for Maine profiles) and is a measure of the sequestration status of those soils; and (vi) HA in four of the profiles retain about three times more water than their total SOM, as observed previously for soil profiles in northern Maine.
Outpatient treatment of adult asthma. (1995)

As a chronic disease with intermittent exacerbations, asthma is treated primarily in the outpatient setting by primary care physicians. Asthma is the result of complex and only partially understood interactions of respiratory, inflammatory, and neural cells and their mediators. The goals of asthma therapy are to prevent and relieve symptoms, allow normal activities of daily living, restore and maintain normal pulmonary function, avoid adverse effects from interventions, and minimize inconvenience and cost. These goals can be achieved through educating patients, assessing and monitoring asthma severity, avoiding or controlling asthma triggers, establishing an intervention plan for routine self-management and the management of exacerbations, and providing regular follow-up care. We present a stepped approach to asthma pharmacotherapy, emphasizing anti-inflammatory therapy--inhaled corticosteroids, cromolyn sodium, or nedocromil sodium--as a summary of recent national and international recommendations.
Improved J&lt;inf&gt;c&lt;/inf&gt;in mechanically fabricated Nb&lt;inf&gt;3&lt;/inf&gt;Al wires and ribbons (1975)

Nb <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> Al wire which is essentially all A15 may be fabricated by powder or rod composite techniques, with subsequent reaction and ordering anneals. Several of the previously existing problems, including aluminum loss and Kirkendall porosity, have been identified and solved, and transverse-field critical current densities well into the 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> amp/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> range can be produced. However, reproducibility of the critical current density seems to depend on reproducible control of grain size, which we have not as yet achieved. The internal oxidation techniques which succeed for Nb <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> Sn do not appear to work for Nb <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> Al, for several reasons. A possible solution to the grain size problem, and to the problem of manufacture of Nb <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> Al in stabilized form, is to lower the initial reaction temperature. To achieve the latter we have reduced the scale of the elemental composite to a required diffusion distance of about 3000 Å. before reaction. We were thus able to produce substantial quantities of A15 at 1100°C, but for several reasons (see text) we believe finer composites will be necessary.
Pixel- and Model-Based Microwave Inversion With Supervised Descent Method for Dielectric Targets (2020)

We present a general framework of applying supervised descent method (SDM) to the pixel- and model-based full-wave inversion of microwave data for dielectric targets. SDM is a machine learning approach that utilizes the learned descent directions to reconstruct models. In this article, we study the pixel-based inversion with an online regularization scheme, and the model-based inversion with the parametric level set approach. Furthermore, an online restart scheme is studied to further reduce the data residual. In addition, we investigate the generalization ability of this machine-learning algorithm. In the numerical test, the pixel-based SDM inversion are used to process both single- or multi-frequency data, and the model-based inversion are performed on data with limited observations. Both synthetic and experimental results show good accuracy, speed, and generalization ability of this algorithm. SDM may provide us a potential way to improve reconstruction quality in nonlinear inversion through information fusion of measured data, microwave physics, and various prior information.
Effect ofDioscorea bulbiferaand its Major Bioactive Compound, Diosgenin on CYP450 Mediated Drug Metabolism (2015)

Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) inhibition by the bioactive molecules of herbs leading to greater potential for toxicity of co-administered drugs. Diosgenin is an important bioactive steroidal sapogenin from Dioscorea bulbifera belonging to the triterpene group and is of great interest to the pharmaceutical industry. The purpose of this study was, to find whether D. bulbifera and Diosgenin influences the effect on rat CYP450 enzymes and its important isoforms (CYP3A4, CYP2D6) by using high through put screening. CYP450-CO Complex assay was performed in rat pooled liver microsomes to calculate percentage inhibition of test samples on CYP450. IC values were determined by fluorometric assays of CYP3A4 and CYP2D6. Mode of inhibition of Diosgenin on these CYPs were further assessed by molecular docking studies with the Glide (Schrodinger Inc. U.S.A.). In CYP450 inhibition assay, the inhibitory potential of herb extract (40.44±1.28 %) was found to be less than positive control (72.08±1.96 %). In fluorometric assay, herb extract exhibited higher IC values (96.21 ± 1.32 to 180.42±0.12 µg/ml) when compared to positive inhibitors and lower than Diosgenin (172.54±0.52 to 201.86±1.49 µg/ml) on CYP3A4 and CYP2D6. Based on the inhibitory potential, test substances exhibited very less interaction capacity, thereby leading to less significant herb-drug interaction with co-administered drugs.Further clinical studies are required to fully assess the safety of Diosgenin in terms of CYP450.
Gene-centric meta-analyses for central adiposity traits in up to 57 412 individuals of European descent confirm known loci and reveal several novel associations (2013)

Waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) are surrogate measures of central adiposity that are associated with adverse cardiovascular events, type 2 diabetes and cancer independent of body mass index (BMI). WC and WHR are highly heritable with multiple susceptibility loci identified to date. We assessed the association between SNPs and BMI-adjusted WC and WHR and unadjusted WC in up to 57 412 individuals of European descent from 22 cohorts collaborating with the NHLBI's Candidate Gene Association Resource (CARe) project. The study population consisted of women and men aged 20-80 years. Study participants were genotyped using the ITMAT/Broad/CARE array, which includes ∼50 000 cosmopolitan tagged SNPs across ∼2100 cardiovascular-related genes. Each trait was modeled as a function of age, study site and principal components to control for population stratification, and we conducted a fixed-effects meta-analysis. No new loci for WC were observed. For WHR analyses, three novel loci were significantly associated (P < 2.4 × 10(-6)). Previously unreported rs2811337-G near TMCC1 was associated with increased WHR (β ± SE, 0.048 ± 0.008, P = 7.7 × 10(-9)) as was rs7302703-G in HOXC10 (β = 0.044 ± 0.008, P = 2.9 × 10(-7)) and rs936108-C in PEMT (β = 0.035 ± 0.007, P = 1.9 × 10(-6)). Sex-stratified analyses revealed two additional novel signals among females only, rs12076073-A in SHC1 (β = 0.10 ± 0.02, P = 1.9 × 10(-6)) and rs1037575-A in ATBDB4 (β = 0.046 ± 0.01, P = 2.2 × 10(-6)), supporting an already established sexual dimorphism of central adiposity-related genetic variants. Functional analysis using ENCODE and eQTL databases revealed that several of these loci are in regulatory regions or regions with differential expression in adipose tissue.
Combined 3D intracardiac echo and ultrasound ablation (2003)

We have integrated real time volumetric ultrasound imaging and ultrasound ablation in the same intracardiac catheter. This single device could be used to visualize ablation sites in three dimensions immediately prior to inducing necrosis to eliminate cardiac arrythmias. After the course of therapy, the ablated tissue could be examined ultrasonically. The 12 Fr catheter includes a 2D transducer array for imaging and a single element piston for ablation. The imaging transducer consists of 38 active elements built on a multilayer flex circuit operating at 5.2 Mhz. The ablation piston is a 4 mm by 2 mm piece of air backed PZT-4. Our real time 3D scanner (Volumetrics Medical Imaging) and the 2D array were used to image phantom targets. The spatial peak, temporal average intensity (I<sub>SPTA</sub>) and acoustic power of the ablation beam were measured using a hydrophone. A 7 mm thick slab of beef was imaged and then ablated for 1 minute. The ultrasound ablation piston produced an I<sub>SPTA</sub> of nearly 30 W/cm<sup>2</sup> and a corresponding acoustic power of 2.6 W. The electrical to acoustic power efficiency of the transducer was 39%. The minute long ablation produced a transmural lesion in the beef 2mm by 4 mm by 7 mm deep.
Reactivity of Functionalized Vinyl Monomers in Insertion Copolymerization (2016)

We report the reactivities of a comprehensive range of polar vinyl comonomers and 1-olefins in the copolymerization with ethylene by [{(o-MeOC6H4)2PC6H4SO3}PdMe(L)] from pressure reactor studies (95 °C, 3–20 bar), as defined by rE = kethylene/kcomonomer from Markov statistics. 13C NMR chemical shifts of the monomers’ β vinyl carbon atom and Charton and Sterimol parameters were found to be appropriate descriptors for the monomers’ electronic nature and steric demand, respectively. A comprehensive picture of their impact on monomer reactivity and also regioselectivity of insertion arises. This shall also allow for predictions of the reactivity of other monomers.
L-band cryogenic radio astronomy receiver front-end of the Square Kilometre Array (2021)

This paper describes the design and measured performance of the band 2 (L-band, 950 MHz–1760 MHz) cryogenic receiver front-end of the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) radio telescope dish array. The system comprises a wide flare-angle axially corrugated conical horn, a dual linearly polarized orthogonal mode transduce, a noise injection directional coupler, and two amplification stages. Its compact design and cryogenic cooling allow for a very low receiver noise temperature, and it presents another step in the continuous improvement of the noise temperature performance. A Gifford–McMahon cooler physically cools the OMT with its integrated directional coupler to around 70 K, and the first stage low-noise amplifier to about 15 K. A bespoke measurement setup was designed to measure the system’s performance. The measured receiver noise is about 6 K across the frequency band.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Caffeoyl Quinic Acid from Aster scaber and Its Inhibitory Activity Against Human Immunodeficiency Virus‐1 (HIV‐1) Integrase. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Effect of an intermediate graphite layer on the electronic properties of metal/SiC contacts (2008)

Abstract Photoelectron spectroscopy and electrical measurements were used to study the graphite/SiC‐interface with emphasis on the Schottky barrier formation. The investigations revealed a strong dependence of the Schottky barrier height on the surface polarity of SiC. In the case that the graphite layer was prepared on the Si(0001)‐face of n‐/p‐type 4H‐ and n‐/p‐type 6H‐SiC, the Fermi level is pinned close to the conduction band edge at the interface. The Schottky barrier fabricated on n‐type 4H‐SiC (0001) is 0.6 eV, whereas on n‐type 6H‐SiC (0001) it is lower and amounts (0.3–0.55) eV. On p‐type 4H‐/6H‐SiC, the Schottky barrier is 2.6 eV and (2.3–2.7) eV, respectively. When the Schottky barrier is prepared on the C‐face (000 $ \bar 1 $ ) of n‐type 6H‐SiC, the Fermi level is pinned close to the middle of the band gap. In this case, the Schottky barrier height is found to be equal to 1.4 eV. It is demonstrated that the carbon/graphite formation at the interface between metal and n‐type 4H‐SiC does not ensure ohmic behavior. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
In vivo and in vitro insulin and fasting control of the transmembrane fatty acid transport proteins in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) (2011)

We have examined the nutritional and insulin regulation of the mRNA expression of transmembrane fatty acid (FA) transporters [FA transport protein-1 (FATP1) and CD36] together with the lipoprotein lipase (LPL), the cytosolic FA carrier FA binding protein (FABP3), and mitochondrial FA-CoA and -carnitine palmitoyl transferase carriers (CPT)1 and -2 in Atlantic salmon tissues and myocyte cell culture. Two weeks of fasting diminished FATP1, CD36, and LPL in adipose tissue, suggesting a reduction in FA uptake, while FABP3 increased in liver, probably enhancing the transport of FA to the mitochondria. Insulin injection decreased FATP1 and CD36 in white and red muscles, while both transporters were upregulated in the adipose tissue in agreement with the role of insulin-inhibiting muscle FA oxidation and stimulating adipose fat stores. Serum deprivation of 48 h in Atlantic salmon myotubes increased FATP1, FABP3, and CPT-2, while CPT-1 was diminished. In myotubes, insulin induced FATP1 expression but decreased CD36, FABP3, and LPL, suggesting that FATP1 could be more involved in the insulin-stimulated FA uptake. Insulin increased the FA uptake in myotubes mediated, at least in part, through the relocation of FATP1 protein to the plasma membrane. Overall, Atlantic salmon FA transporters are regulated by fasting and insulin on in vivo and in vitro models.