gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cavitation Corrosion Behavior of Cast Duplex Stainless Steel in Seawater (1996)

Abstract The cavitation corrosion behavior of a commercial cast duplex stainless steel was studied in seawater using an ultrasonically induced cavitation facility at a frequency of 20 kHz and an amplitude of 25 μm. The work included measurements of the free corrosion potential and mass loss in addition to microscopic examinations. Cavitation caused an active shift in the free corrosion potential. The rate of mass loss was negligible in quiescent seawater, while, it significantly increased in the presence of cavitation. The application of cathodic protection reduced the rate of mass loss by 19%. Microscopic examinations revealed that the first signs of cavitation damage were in the form of slip bands and small cavities in the austenite islands and at the ferrite/austenite boundaries. With the progress of cavitation, material loss became mainly at the austenite phase and spread to the ferrite phase at a later stage. Cathodic protection decreased slightly the number of cavities. Cross-sectional examinations revealed the presence of microcracks in the bulk of the material. The microcracks initiated at the surface in the ferrite matrix. Crack propagation was impeded by the austenite islands and branched along parallel slip systems.
Passivation Properties and Formation Mechanism of Amorphous Halide Perovskite Thin Films (2021)

Abstract Lead halide perovskites are among the most exciting classes of optoelectronic materials due to their unique ability to form high‐quality crystals with tunable bandgaps in the visible and near‐infrared using simple solution precipitation reactions. This facile crystallization is driven by their ionic nature; just as with other salts, it is challenging to form amorphous halide perovskites, particularly in thin‐film form where they can most easily be studied. Here, rapid desolvation promoted by the addition of acetate precursors is shown as a general method for making amorphous lead halide perovskite films with a wide variety of compositions, including those using common organic cations (methylammonium and formamidinium) and anions (bromide and iodide). By controlling the amount of acetate, it is possible to tune from fully crystalline to fully amorphous films, with an interesting intermediate state consisting of crystalline islands embedded in an amorphous matrix. The amorphous lead halide perovskite has a large and tunable optical bandgap. It improves the photoluminescence quantum yield and lifetime of incorporated crystalline perovskite, opening up the intriguing possibility of using amorphous perovskite as a passivating contact, as is currently done in record efficiency silicon solar cells.
MTAC - A Multithreaded VLIW Architecture for PRAM Simulation (2020)

Multithreaded processors are the key components for hiding the latency of long operations slowing down the execution of parallel programs, because they can execute other processes while a process is waiting for a long operation to complete. In this paper we outline and evaluate a MultiThreaded VLIW processor Architecture with functional unit Chaining (MTAC), which is specially designed for efficient PRAM simulation. According to experiments MTAC offers remarkably better performance than a basic pipelined RISC architecture and chaining improves the exploitation of instruction level parallelism to the level where the achieved speedup corresponds the number of functional units in a processor. Keywords: PRAM, VLIW, multithreading One of the key components of such simulations is multithreaded processor. In this paper we outline a MultiThreaded VLIW processor Architecture with functional unit Chaining (MTAC), which is specially designed for efficient PRAM simulation. MTAC features very sho...
Computerized Simulation of Generation of Internal Involute Gears and Their Assembly (1992)

Abstract The contents of the paper cover the determination of conditions : (i) of nonundercutting by axial and axial-radial generation of internal gears by shapers, and (ii) avoidance of interference by axial and axial-radial assembly. The authors have developed computer programs for simulation of undercutting and interference, design charts and a table that allow to determine the limiting number of teeth of the cutter and pinion considering the tooth number of internal gear as known. The details of developed algorithms are given in Appendices. The paper is illustrated with computer graphics and numerical examples.
Productivity and quality control technologies in the US: Some applications in AT&T manufacturing (2002)

The authors describe some productivity and quality control technologies used in the US and applied in AT&T telecommunications equipment and component manufacturing and assembly. Examples from four areas of control technologies are highlighted: machine control, real-time process control, offline statistical control, and material flow control.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Active noise control: Eight decades of research and applications (2013)

On January 27, 1933, Paul Lueg submitted his patent application for an active noise control system. In the intervening 80 years, the concept has progressed from simple single-input single-output feedback control systems through to complex MIMO approaches implementing a seemingly endless variety of control algorithms. Academic publications appear to continue at approximately a constant pace over the past decade, with much attention paid to algorithm refinement and development of applications. Commercial successes of active noise control include ANC headset in the aviation and consumer markets, as well as systems installed in passenger vehicle (some of which also incorporating active vibration control systems). This paper will provide a brief historical retrospective on the development of active noise control, and survey the current state of academic research as well as existing and proposed production applications (consumer, aviation, defense, etc.).
From Human-Designed Convolutional Neural Networks Towards Robust Neural Architecture Search (2021)

Artificial intelligence has been an ultimate design goal since the inception of computers decades ago. Among the many attempts towards general artificial intelligence, modern machine learning successfully tackles many complex problems thanks to the progress in deep learning, and in particular in convolutional neural networks (CNN). To design a CNN for a specific task, one common approach consists of adapting the heuristics from the pre-deep-learning era to the CNN domain. In the first part of this thesis, we introduce two methods that follow this approach: i) We build a covariance descriptor, i.e., a local descriptor that is suitable for texture recognition, to replace the first-order fully connected layers in an ordinary CNN, showing that such a descriptor yields state-of-the-art performance on many fine-grained image classification tasks with orders of magnitude fewer feature dimensions; ii) we develop a light-weight recurrent U-Net for image semantic segmentation, inspired by the biological eye saccadic movements, that yields real-time predictions on devices with limited computational resources. As most methods pre-dating automatic machine learning (AutoML), the two above-mentioned CNNs were human-designed. In the past few years, however, neural architecture search~(NAS), which aims to facilitate the design of deep networks for new tasks, has drawn an increasing attention. In this context, the weight-sharing approach, which consists of utilizing a super-net to encompass all possible architectures within a search space, has become a de facto standard in NAS because it enables the search to be done on commodity hardware. In the second part of this thesis, we then provide an in-depth study of recent weight-sharing NAS algorithms. First, we discover a phenomenon in the weight-sharing NAS training pipeline, which we dub multi-model forgetting, that negatively impacts the super-net quality, and propose a statistically motivated approach to address it. Subsequently, we find that (i) on average, many popular NAS algorithms perform similarly to a random architecture sampling policy; (ii) the widely-adopted weight sharing strategy degrades the ranking of the NAS candidates to the point of not reflecting their true performance, thus reducing the effectiveness of the search process. We then further decouple weight sharing from the NAS sampling policy, and isolate 14 factors that play a key role in the success of super-net training. Finally, to improve the super-net quality, we propose a regularization term that aims to maximize the correlation between the performance rankings of the super-net and of the stand-alone architectures using a small set of landmark architectures.
A Non-invasive Detection of Lung Cancer Combined Virtual Gas Sensors Array with Imaging Recognition Technique (2005)

In this paper, we propose a non-invasive detection method of lung cancer combined with a sort of virtual SAW gas sensors array and imaging recognition method. A patient's breath goes through an electronic nose with solid phase micro extraction (SPME) and capillary column for pre-concentration and separation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) respectively, a pair of SAW sensors one coated with a thin Poly-isobutylene (PIB) film is connected to the output of capillary column port for chemical compounds detection. A lung cancer tissues' culture medium study is also proposed for pathology validation. 11 VOCs which are considered as the biomarkers of lung cancer can be detected qualitatively and quantitatively. Finally these 11 VOCs are used to diagnose lung cancer patients in Run Run Shaw hospital by our e-nose with an improved artificial neural network (ANN) algorithm combined with imaging method for pattern recognition.
Nonbinary Quasi-Cyclic LDPC-Based Coded Modulation for Beyond 100-Gb/s Transmission (2010)

We propose using coded modulation based on nonbinary quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes for beyond 100-Gb/s optical transmission. The proposed scheme not only lowers the latency in the system but also offers much higher coding gains than its binary counterpart based on bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM). We show that using component LDPC codes over high order finite fields and matching bandwidth-efficient modulations, our scheme can provide around 1-dB coding gain improvement at the bit-error ratio of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-6</sup> compared to a corresponding BICM-based scheme.
A laboratory simulation of <i>in situ</i> leachate treatment in semi-aerobic bioreactor landfill (2018)

In this study, two laboratory-scale simulated landfill bioreactors were established, of which Reactor A was operated only with leachate recirculation and served as the control, and Reactor B was operated as semi-aerobic bioreactor landfill with leachate recirculation. In situ leachate treatment and accelerating organic decomposition in semi-aerobic bioreactor landfill was investigated. The results indicated that the introduction of air into the landfill was favourable for optimising the micro-organism growth environment and accelerating the degradation of organic matter. It can be seen clearly from the results that NH4+-N can be removed in situ in the semi-aerobic bioreactor landfill with leachate recirculation. Moreover, semi-aerobic bioreactor landfill showed lower emissions for leachate than those in leachate from anaerobic landfill, with low concentrations of COD, VFA, NHH4+-N and TKN, and which saved the disposing process of the discharged leachate. The three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy (EEMs) of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in Reactor B changed greatly, and fluorescence peak changed from protein-like fluorescence at Day 60 to humic-like fluorescence at Day 95 and 250, while in Reactor A, fluorescence peak of DOM was always protein-like fluorescence. The comparison of the EEMs indicated that the semi-aerobic landfill accelerated the organic decomposition.Keywords: semi-aerobic landfill, bioreactor landfill, three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy (EEMs), in situ leachate treatment
Implementation of an Instant Messaging System with Focus on Protection of User Presence (2007)

Instant messaging (IM) systems provide its users with the information of which of their contacts are currently online. This presence information supplements text communication of IM systems and is an additional value compared to other synchronous communication media. Unauthorized users could illegally generate online logs of users by exploiting their presence information. Public IM systems lack the reliable means to protect user presence and force the user to trust in the central registry server. In this paper, we propose an IM system, which is explicitly designed to protect user presence without the need of a trusted central registry. We present a Java implementation based on the anonymous communication network Tor [1], the cryptographic suite Bouncy Castle [2], and the distributed hash table OpenDHT [3].
THE PLACE OF MEIBOMETRY IN THE STUDY OF MEIBOMIAN GLAND DISFUNCTION. (2000)

Third International Conference on the Lacrimal Gland, Tear Film and Dry Eye Syndromes: Basic Science and Clinical Relevance: Maui, Hawaii; November 15-18, 2000: Abstracts
Excimer Laser Keratectomy for Myopia With a Rotating-Slit Delivery System (1988)

We performed argon fluoride excimer laser (193-nm) superficial keratectomy for myopia on human donor eyes and on a resected corneal disc. The laser beam was shaped by a rotating slit to produce a circular ablation 7.5 mm in diameter, with a mathematically defined profile to correct myopia. The fluence at the surface of the cornea was 200 mJ/cm2; the laser was fired at 20 Hz. Each 4.5-mJ laser pulse etched a 0.17-micron deep image of the slit in the cornea. Since the slit moved (0.03 Hz), each successive pulse etched an area adjacent to the previous one, reducing damage from repetitive pulses striking the same area. The slit scanned the cornea many times and the summation of these individual ablations produced the smooth myopic ablation profile, as shown by computerized keratographs and light and electron microscopy.
A 2D threshold of the condylar–C1 interval to maximize identification of patients at high risk for atlantooccipital dislocation using computed tomography (2017)

OBJECTIVE Measurement of the occipital condyle-C1 interval (CCI) is important in the evaluation of atlantooccipital dislocation (AOD) in pediatric trauma patients. The authors studied a large cohort of children with and without AOD to identify a 2D measurement threshold that maximizes the diagnostic yield of the CCI on cervical spine CT scans obtained in trauma patients. METHODS This retrospective, single-center study included all children who underwent CT of the cervical spine at Primary Children's Hospital from January 1, 2011, through December 31, 2014, for trauma evaluation. Bilateral CCI measurements in the coronal (3 measurements per side) and sagittal (4 measurements per side) planes were recorded. Using an iterative method, the authors determined optimal cutoffs for the maximal CCI in each plane in relation to AOD. The primary outcome was AOD requiring occipitocervical fusion. RESULTS A total of 597 pediatric patients underwent cervical spine CT for trauma evaluation: 578 patients without AOD and 19 patients with AOD requiring occipitocervical fusion. The authors found a statistically significant correlation between CCI and age (p < 0.001), with younger patients having higher CCIs. Using a 2D threshold requiring a sagittal CCI ≥ 2.5 mm and a coronal CCI ≥ 3.5 mm predicted AOD with a sensitivity of 95%, a specificity of 73%, positive predictive value of 10.3%, and negative predictive value of 99%. The accuracy of this 2D threshold was 84%. CONCLUSIONS In the present study population, age-dependent differences in the CCI were found on CT scans of the cervical spine in a large cohort of patients with and without AOD. A 2D CCI threshold as a screening method maximizes identification of patients at high risk for AOD while minimizing unnecessary imaging studies in children being evaluated for trauma.
Conductively cooled high-power high-brightness bars and fiber-coupled arrays (2005)

Solid-state-laser and fiber laser pumping, reprographics, medical and materials processing applications require high power, high-brightness bars and fiber-coupled arrays. Conductively cooled laser diode bars allow customers to simplify system design and reduce operational size, weight, and costs. We present results on next generation high brightness, high reliability bars and fiber-coupled arrays at 790-830 nm, 940 nm and 980 nm wavelengths. By using novel epitaxial structures, we have demonstrated highly reliable 808 nm, 30% fill-factor conductively cooled bars operating at 60W CW mode, corresponding to a linear power density (LPD) of 20 mW/&amp;mu;m. At 25°C, the bars have shown greater than 50% wall-plug-efficiency (WPE) when operating at 60W. Our novel approach has also reduced the fast-axis divergence FWHM from 31° to less than 24°. These bars have a 50% brightness improvement compared to our standard products with this geometry. At 980nm, we have demonstrated greater than 100W CW from 20% fill-factor conductively cooled bars, corresponding to a LPD of 50 mW/µm. At 25°C, the WPE for 976nm bars consistently peaks above 65% and remains greater than 60% at 100W. We coupled the beam output from those high-brightness bars into fiber-array-packages (“FAPs”), and we also achieved high-brightness and high-efficiency FAPs. We demonstrated 60W from a 600µm core-diameter fiber-bundle with a high WPE of 55%, and a low numerical aperture of 0.115. The brightness of such FAPs is four times higher than our standard high-power 40W FAP products at Coherent. Ongoing life test data suggests an extrapolated lifetime greater than 10,000 hours at 80W CW operating-condition based on 30%FF conductively cooled bar geometry.
Privacy protection in social media networks a dream that can come true? (2009)

With the advent of Web 2.0 in the very recent years, we are witnessing an attitude change in the use of the World Wide Web, which is not used anymore to only retrieve information but to allow participation, communication, collaboration, and information sharing on the Web. This has led to the dramatic grow of social media networks, among other services. In this position paper the main privacy concerns related to the use of social media networks are highlighted and some procedural as well as technological privacy sympathetic approach to social multimedia networking are given.
Dynamic Simulation of a Low‐Temperature Rectification Column as Part of an IGCC Power Plant (2003)

IGCC plants offer the opportunity to utilize fossil energy sources, like coal or heavy refinery residues, to satisfy increasing energy demand while considering strict environmental constraints. Such a plant consists of a combined power cycle, a fuel gasifier with downstream fuel gas conditioning and an air separation unit (ASU), where the oxygen required for gasification is produced. The low‐temperature rectification column as the core of the ASU strongly affects the transient behavior of the system.
Novel tetra-peptide insertion in Gag-p6 ALIX-binding motif in HIV-1 subtype C associated with protease inhibitor failure in Indian patients (2014)

A novel tetra-peptide insertion was identified in Gag-p6 ALIX-binding region, which appeared in protease inhibitor failure Indian HIV-1C sequences (odds ratio=17.1, P < 0.001) but was naturally present in half of untreated Ethiopian HIV-1C sequences. The insertion is predicted to restore ALIX-mediated virus release pathway, which is lacking in HIV-1C. The clinical importance of the insertion needs to be evaluated in HIV-1C dominating regions wherein the use of protease inhibitor drugs are being scaled up.
An on-chip high-voltage generator circuit for EEPROMs with a power supply voltage below 2 V (2002)

We propose an on-chip high-voltage generator circuit for low-voltage EEPROMs composed of a pMOSFET-based charge pump circuit driven by bootstrapped clock generators. The voltage gain per unit stage does not suffer from the threshold voltage drop. The device implemented in a 1.2 /spl mu/m CMOS technology operates as low as 1 V.
A1043. IS UNICOMPARTMENTAL KNEE REPLACEMENT MORE ACCURATE WITH ROBOTIC ASSISTANCE (2011)

Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) is an increasingly attractive and clinically successful treatment for individuals with isolated medial compartment disease who demand high levels of function. A major challenge with UKA is to place the components accurately so they are mechanically harmonious with the retained joint surfaces, ligaments and capsule. Misalignment of UKA components compromises clinical outcomes and implant longevity. Cobb et al. (JBJS-Br 2006) showed that robot-assisted placement of UKA components was more accurate than traditional techniques, and subsequently that the clinical outcomes were improved. Cobb’s method, however, employed rigid intraoperative stabilization of the bones in a stereotactic frame, which is impractical for routine clinical use. Robotic systems have now advanced to include dynamic bone tracking technologies so that rigid fixation is no longer required. The question is -Do these robotic systems with dynamic bone tracking provide the same accuracy advantages demonstrated with robotic systems with rigidly fixed bones? We compared robot-assisted and traditionally instrumented UKA in six bilateral pairs of cadaver specimens. In all knees, a CT-based preoperative plan was performed to determine the ideal positions and orientations for the implant components. Traditional manual instruments were utilized with a tissue-sparing approach to implant one knee of each pair. A haptic robotic system acting as a virtual cutting guide was used to perform the robot-assisted UKA, again with a tissue-sparing approach. Postoperative CT scans were obtained from all knees, and the 3D placement errors were quantified using 3D-to-3D registration of implant and bone models to the reconstructed CT volumes. The magnitudes of femoral implant orientation error were significantly smaller for the robot-assisted implants compared to traditionally implanted components (4° vs 11°, p 0.05). Well-placed UKA implants can provide durable and excellent functional results, which is an increasingly attractive option for young and active patients with severe compartmental osteoarthritis who wish not to have or to delay a total knee replacement. Previous studies have demonstrated significant improvement in implant placement accuracy and clinical results with robot-assisted surgery using rigid bone fixation. This study demonstrates it is possible to achieve significant accuracy improvements with robot-assisted techniques allowing free bone movement. Additional larger trials will be required to determine if these differences are realized in clinical populations.
Intravenous Bisphosphonate Therapy and Inflammatory Conditions or Surgery of the Jaw: A Population-Based Analysis (2007)

Users of intravenous bisphosphonates had an increased risk of inflammatory conditions, osteomyelitis, and surgical procedures of the jaw and facial bones. The increased risk may reflect an increased risk for osteonecrosis of the jaw.