gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of Acceleration Sensor and Acceleration Evaluation System for Super-Low-Range Frequencies (2001)

This paper describes the development process for acceleration sensors used on automobiles and an acceleration evaluation system designed specifically for acceleration at super-low-range frequencies. The features of the newly developed sensor are as follows. 1) Original piezo-bimorph design based on a disc-center-fixed structure achieves pyroeffect cancelling and stabilization of sensor characteristics and enables the detection of the acceleration of 0.0009 G at the super-low-range-frequency of 0.03 Hz. 2) The addition of a self-diagnostic function utilizing the characteristics of piezoceramics enables constant monitoring of sensor failure. The frequency range of acceleration for accurate vehicle motion control is considered to be from DC to about 50 Hz. However, the measurement of acceleration in the super-low-range frequency near DC has been difficult because of mechanical and electrical noise interruption. This has delayed the development of the acceleration sensor for automotive use. We have succeeded in the development of an acceleration evaluation system for super-low-range frequencies from 0.015 Hz to 2 Hz with detection of the acceleration range from 0.0002 G (0.2 gal) to 1 G, as well as the development of a piezoelectric-type acceleration sensor for automotive use.
Molecular analysis of alkaloid metabolism in AABB v. aabb genotype Nicotiana tabacum in response to wounding of aerial tissues and methyl jasmonate treatment of cultured roots (2005)

Synthesis of the wound-inducible alkaloid, nicotine, in roots of the allotetraploid species Nicotiana tabacum L. is strongly influenced by the presence of two non-allelic genes, A and B. Together, these loci affect baseline transcript levels of genes dedicated to secondary metabolism (e.g. PMT and A622) as well as genes with roles in separate areas of primary metabolism (e.g. ODC, ADC, SAMS - polyamines; QPT - pyridine nucleotide cycle). Experiments comparing high alkaloid variety NC 95 (AABB genotype) and near-isogenic low alkaloid N. tabacum variety LAFC 53 (aabb genotype) indicate that together, mutations in the A and B loci diminish, but do not ablate, the propensity of roots to increase transcript levels of genes involved in alkaloid metabolism after damage to aerial tissues or direct treatment with the wound hormone, methyl jasmonate. Accordingly, roots of aabb genotype can increase their nicotine content somewhat in response to these treatments.
Effect of Changing Anion on the Crystalline Structure, Crystal Structure, Hirschfield Surface, IR and NMR Spectroscopy of Organic Salts and Hybrid Compounds: C&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;(NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;)&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;Cl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; (I), &lt;i&gt;β&lt;/i&gt;-[C&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;10&lt;/sub&gt;N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;]&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;ZnCl&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; (II), Respectively (2023)

Two organic-inorganic hybrid materials, C6H4(NH3)2∙Cl2 (I) and β-[C6H10N2]2ZnCl4 (II), have been synthesized by hydrothermal method. These two materials are one of the hybrid materials have emerged as one of the most brilliant components classes. These extraordinary compounds synergistically combine the desired physical properties of both organic and inorganic components into a single compound offering the possibility to achieve great improvement over time in terms of science across various sectors. Their structures were determined by XRD pattern investigations and single crystal X-ray diffraction. These two compounds are crystallized in the monoclinic system; C2/c space group. In the both structures, the anionic-cationic entities are interconnected by hydrogen bonding contacts and p-p Interaction forming three-dimensional networks. Intermolecular interactions were investigated by Hirshfeld surfaces and the contacts of the four different chloride atoms in (II) were compared. The vibrational absorption bands were identified by infrared spectroscopy. These compounds were also investigated by solid state13C NMR spectroscopy.
Monte Carlo approach for solving the radiative transfer equation over mountainous and heterogeneous areas (1999)

An algorithm based on the Monte Carlo method is developed to solve the radiative transfer equation in the reflective domain (0.4-4 microm) of the solar spectrum over rugged terrain. This algorithm takes into account relief, spatial heterogeneity, and ground bidirectional reflectance. The method permits the computation of irradiance components at ground level and radiance terms reaching an airborne or satelliteborne sensor. The Monte Carlo method consists of statistically simulating the paths of photons inside the Earth-atmosphere system to reproduce physical phenomena while introducing neither analytical modeling nor assumption. The potentialities of the code are then depicted over different types of landscape, including a seashore, a desert region, and a steep mountainous valley.
In vitro evaluation of di(2‐ethylhexyl)terephthalate–plasticized polyvinyl chloride blood bags for red blood cell storage in AS‐1 and PAGGSM additive solutions (2018)

DEHT/PAGGSM provides similar hemolysis protection to that of DEHP/AS-1. Although hemolysis values with DEHT and AS-1 are higher than that of DEHP, DEHT is a potential DEHP alternative.
DjVu: analyzing and compressing scanned documents for Internet distribution (1999)

DjVu is an image compression technique specifically geared towards the compression of scanned documents in color at high resolution. Typical color magazine pages scanned at 300 dpi are compressed to between 40 and 80 kBytes, or 5 to 10 times smaller than with JPEG for a similar level of subjective quality. The foreground layer, which contains the text and drawings and requires high spatial resolution, is separated from the background layer, which contains pictures and backgrounds and requires less resolution. The foreground is compressed with a bi-tonal image compression technique that takes advantage of character shape similarities. The background is compressed with a new progressive, wavelet-based compression method. A real-time, memory-efficient version of the decoder is available as a plug-in for popular Web browsers.
High Current Properties of Combined Schottky/pn Diodes; Interaction between Closely Located Schottky and pn Diodes (1993)

It has been shown how combined diodes, consisting of merged Schottky and pn areas, have higher current capability than conventional pn diodes. By studying the interaction between separated and closely located Schottky and pn diodes the function of the combined diode is explained.
Cell-Specific Vacuolar Calcium Storage Mediated by CAX1 Regulates Apoplastic Calcium Concentration, Gas Exchange, and Plant Productivity in Arabidopsis (2011)

The physiological role and mechanism of nutrient storage within vacuoles of specific cell types is poorly understood. Transcript profiles from Arabidopsis thaliana leaf cells differing in calcium concentration ([Ca], epidermis <10 mM versus mesophyll >60 mM) were compared using a microarray screen and single-cell quantitative PCR. Three tonoplast-localized Ca(2+) transporters, CAX1 (Ca(2+)/H(+)-antiporter), ACA4, and ACA11 (Ca(2+)-ATPases), were identified as preferentially expressed in Ca-rich mesophyll. Analysis of respective loss-of-function mutants demonstrated that only a mutant that lacked expression of both CAX1 and CAX3, a gene ectopically expressed in leaves upon knockout of CAX1, had reduced mesophyll [Ca]. Reduced capacity for mesophyll Ca accumulation resulted in reduced cell wall extensibility, stomatal aperture, transpiration, CO(2) assimilation, and leaf growth rate; increased transcript abundance of other Ca(2+) transporter genes; altered expression of cell wall-modifying proteins, including members of the pectinmethylesterase, expansin, cellulose synthase, and polygalacturonase families; and higher pectin concentrations and thicker cell walls. We demonstrate that these phenotypes result from altered apoplastic free [Ca(2+)], which is threefold greater in cax1/cax3 than in wild-type plants. We establish CAX1 as a key regulator of apoplastic [Ca(2+)] through compartmentation into mesophyll vacuoles, a mechanism essential for optimal plant function and productivity.
Toxoplasmaexports dense granule proteins beyond the vacuole to the host cell nucleus and rewires the host genome expression (2013)

Toxoplasma gondii is the most widespread apicomplexan parasite and occupies a large spectrum of niches by infecting virtually any warm-blooded animals. As an obligate intracellular parasite, Toxoplasma has evolved a repertoire of strategies to fine-tune the cellular environment in an optimal way to promote growth and persistence in host tissues hence increasing the chance to be transmitted to new hosts. Short and long-term intracellular survival is associated with Toxoplasma ability to both evade the host deleterious immune defences and to stimulate a beneficial immune balance by governing host cell gene expression. It is only recently that parasite proteins responsible for driving these transcriptional changes have been identified. While proteins contained in the apical secretory Rhoptry organelle have already been identified as bona fide secreted effectors that divert host signalling pathways, recent findings revealed that dense granule proteins should be added to the growing list of effectors as they reach the host cell cytoplasm and nucleus and target various host cell pathways in the course of cell infection. Herein, we emphasize on a novel subfamily of dense granule residentproteins, exemplified with the GRA16 and GRA24 members we recently discovered as both are exported beyond the vacuole-containing parasites and reach the host cell nucleus to reshape the host genome expression.
Room-temperature optically-pumped InGaSb quantum well lasers monolithically grown on Si(100) substrate (2005)

Room-temperature optically-pumped In0.2Ga0.8Sb quantum well lasers on Si are reported. The defect-free monolithic epistructure growth on a Si(100) substrate is initiated by an AlSb quantum dot nucleation layer followed by an AlSb/GaSb superlattice. The 13% mismatch between the AlSb and Si lattice is accommodated by misfit dislocations and associated crystallographic undulations in the AlSb buffer. The nucleation layer and buffer are characterised by atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The lasing spectrum is characterised as a function of pump power and polarisation analysis.
Anti-CD2 Monoclonal Antibody and Tacrolimus in Adult Liver Transplantation (2005)

Antihuman CD2 monoclonal antibody is a safe immunosuppressive drug which has a favorable impact on early immunological follow-up of liver transplanted patients. The antibody had no impact on late patient and graft survival.
Isolation of Vibrio vulnificus from sea water and sand along the Dan region coast of the Mediterranean. (1999)

The occurrence of Vibrio vulnificus incoastal sea water and sand was investigated. Samples (286 in toto) were taken during the period between November 1993 and July 1994. Ten V. vulnificus isolates (6.9%) were recovered from sea water and two isolates were recovered from sand (1.4%). The total isolation rate for this period was 4.2%. In a longer period of investigation, from June 1996 until June 1998 (24 months), 1,248 samples were taken and 205 V. vulnificus isolates were recorded (32.8%) in sea water while only 18 isolates in sand (2.9%). The total isolation rate was 17.9%. The monthly occurrence of this bacterial species in the various beaches surveyed demonstrated that V. vulnificus is more frequent during the months of July, August and September. The increase in the number of isolates during the past 2 years started as early as March and finished as late as October. Antibiotic sensitivity testing revealed that this species is sensitive to most antibiotics, except polymyxin B and colistin. The relatively high isolation rate of this bacterium from sea water may be dangerous to bathers, fishermen and divers with predisposed wounds.
Novel 10β-thiiranyl steroids as aromatase inhibitors (1987)

The novel 10β-thiiranyl-4-estrene-3,17-diones (5) and (6) have been synthesized by the action of triphenylphosphine sulphide–picric acid on oxirane precursors and show potent inhibition of placental aromatase; the (19R)-isomer (5) is 75 times more effective than the (19S)-isomer (6).
Oral rehabilitation and psychosocial evaluation of a patient with bulimia nervosa following Teeth in a Day® immediate loading protocol. (2015)

In this patient report, oral rehabilitation using the TIAD protocol provided an expedited and predictable alternative method for restoring functional abilities, esthetics, and self-esteem to a severely depressed bulimic patient. Psychometrically, at the postoperative (T2) and final testing period (T3), the patient's body image profile was no longer considered to be significantly different from established normative values.
Preparation and characterization of solid lipid nanoparticles loaded with total flavones of Hippophae rhamnoides (TFH). (2007)

Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) containing total flavones of Hippophae rhamnoides (TFH) were prepared by high-pressure homogenization (HPH), by both hot HPH and cold HPH. The influence of process parameters (lipid matrix, lipid concentration, carbohydrate type and its concentration) on the SLN size distribution, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, crystal form, and in vitro release profile was investigated. The highest entrapment efficiency for TFH, at around 93%, was found for SLNs composed of TFH/Compritol 888 ATO in a 1:30 molar ratio and made by cold HPH. The advantages of TFH SLNs are the improved oral bioavailability of TFH and the prolonged mean retention time and drug release time.
Differential Proinflammatory Signature in Vestibular Migraine and Meniere Disease (2019)

Vestibular Migraine (VM) and Meniere's Disease (MD) are episodic vestibular syndromes defined by a set of associated symptoms such as tinnitus, hearing loss or migraine features during the attacks. Both conditions may show symptom overlap and there is no biological marker to distinguish them. Two subgroups of MD patients have been reported, according to their IL-1β profile. Therefore, considering the clinical similarity between VM and MD, we aimed to investigate the cytokine profile of MD and VM as a means to distinguish these patients. We have also carried out gene expression microarrays and measured the levels of 14 cytokines and 11 chemokines in 129 MD patients, 82 VM patients, and 66 healthy controls. Gene expression profile in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) showed significant differences in MD patients with high and low basal levels of IL- 1β and VM patients. MD patients with high basal levels of IL- 1β (MDH) had overall higher levels of cytokines/chemokines when compared to the other subsets. CCL4 levels were significantly different between MDH, MD with low basal levels of IL- 1β (MDL), VM and controls. Logistic regression identified IL- 1β, CCL3, CCL22, and CXCL1 levels as capable of differentiating VM patients from MD patients (area under the curve = 0.995), suggesting a high diagnostic value in patients with symptoms overlap.
Localization with WLAN on smartphones in hospitals (2013)

With the rise of location based services (LBS), indoor and outdoor localization using RF based network has been popular in recent years. Since the outdoor location determination is dominated by global positioning system (GPS), the outdoor part of localization is not included in our discussion. Here we propose a novel indoor localization method deploying WiFi access points (APs) called cluster k-NN algorithm, which does not cost extra money for infrastructures and still offers decent accuracy comparing to other indoor localization techniques. According to the offline simulation, the complexity of cluster k-NN is lower, while the accuracy is up to 98.67%. As a result, the complexity and the calculation are greatly decreased, while the accuracy is still maintained. We have also made the application including our algorithm and data on Android based smart phones with intuitive user interface and quick access to change parameters, in order to briefly demonstrate our result to determine the location of users in real time. Online positioning was tested under cluster k-NN with the optimal parameters obtained through offline simulation. The tested environment was the LaRC laboratory on the fourth floor in the TSMC building in National Tsing Hua University (NTHU). With the background dimension in 227.59 m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , the average error rate of our algorithm is 4.75%, and the average error distance is 3.728m, which is a satisfactory result. Compared to other designs, the accuracy of our algorithm does not differ much. However, the complexity is at least a third less. With such accuracy and portability, precise position of every patient is sent to the cloud server and computed real-time, which enables doctors to be fully informed, with the reduced energy consumption and longer time the devices can stand by.
NMR spectroscopic studies of dimethyldiethoxy silane hydrolysis and polysiloxane conversion (2002)

Abstract The hydrolysis rate of alkoxy silane (dimethyldiethoxy silane, DMDES, etc.) is a linear relationship vs. the reaction time under the moisture flux control. The hydrolysis process results in formation of the linear polysiloxane products by a subsequent condensation reaction. An amidized alkoxy silane (3‐(2‐aminoethyl)aminopropylmethyldimethoxy silane, KLM‐602 or γ–aminopropyl‐ triethoxy silane, γ–APS) serves as an internal standard of DMDES hydrolysis kinetics measurements. The hydrolysis kinetics of DMDES with the amidized alkoxy silane and the subsequent linear polysiloxanes conversion have been evaluated and characterized by 29 Si‐ and 13 C‐NMR NMR spectroscopic measurements. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 468–477, 2002
Elastic and Superhydrophobic Monolithic Methyltrimethoxysilane-based Silica Aerogels by Two-step Sol-gel Process (2016)

The flexible and superhydrophobic properties of silica aerogels are extremely important material for thermal insulation and oil spill cleanup applications for their long-term use. Flexible silica aerogels were synthesized by using a two-step sol-gel process with precursors, methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) followed by supercritical drying. Silica aerogels were prepared at different molar ratio of methanol to MTMS (M). It was observed that the silica aerogels prepared at M=28 were monolithic but inelastic in nature, however, for M=35, the obtained aerogels were monolithic, elastic in nature with less shrinkage. The microstructural studies were carried out using scanning electron microscopy and surface area measurements. The hydrophobicity was confirmed by Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy and water contact angle measurements. The detailed insight mechanism for flexible nature of silica aerogels and hydrophobic behavior were studied.
Second-order equivalence of rectangular and exponential windows in least-squares estimation of Gaussian autoregressive processes (1985)

Exact least-squares algorithms for autoregressive signals can be made to track time-varying parameters by using sliding windows on the data. Two common choices for such windows are the exponential one and the rectangular one. In this paper, it is shown that for Gaussian autoregressive processes, the two types of windows yield approximately the same mean-square error if the windows' parameters are properly chosen.
Effect of word and syllable frequency on activation during lexical decision and reading aloud (2006)

This functional MRI (fMRI) study investigated the effect of lexical and syllable frequency on visual word processing during lexical decision and reading aloud. Previous research has shown a dissociation of syllable and word frequency effects in Spanish using behavioral and electrophysiological measures, suggesting that sublexical (syllabic) representations are computed and mediate the firing of lexical candidates. Here, we characterize the neuroanatomical basis of these lexical and sublexical manipulations and their dependence on task. During lexical decision, words with low vs. high lexical frequency increased activation in left frontal, anterior cingulate, supplemental motor area (SMA), and pre-SMA regions; while words with high vs. low syllable frequency increased activation in a left anterior inferior temporal region. In contrast, when the words were read aloud those with low vs. high syllable frequency increased activation in the left anterior insula, with no other significant effects. On the basis of the neuroanatomy, we propose that the contrasting effects of syllable frequency during lexical decision and reading aloud reflect two different cognitive processes in visual word processing. Specifically, words with high-frequency syllables may increase lexical competition in the inferior temporal lobe while facilitating articulatory planning in the left anterior insula.
The geometric effects of a woodpecker’s hyoid apparatus for stress wave mitigation (2016)

In this study a woodpecker's hyoid apparatus was characterized to determine its impact mitigation mechanism using finite element (FE) analysis. The woodpecker's hyoid apparatus, comprising bone and muscle, has a unique geometry compared to those of other birds. The hyoid starts at the beak tip, surrounds the woodpecker's skull, and ends at the upper beak/front head intersection while being surrounded by muscle along the whole length. A FE model of the hyoid apparatus was created based on the geometry, microstructure, and mechanical properties garnered from our experimental measurements. We compared the impact mitigation capabilities of the hyoid apparatus with an idealized straight cylinder and a tapered cylinder. The results showed that the hyoid geometry mitigated a greater amount of pressure and impulse compared to the straight or tapered cylinders. The initially applied longitudinal wave lost its strength from attenuation and conversion to transverse shear waves. This is due to the spiral curvature and tapered geometry, which induced lateral displacement in the hyoid bone. The lateral displacement of the bony hyoid induced strains on the adjacent muscle, where the energy dissipated due to the muscle's viscoelasticity. Quantitatively, as the stress wave traveled from the anterior to the posterior end of the hyoid apparatus, its pressure decreased 75% and the associated impulse decreased 84%. The analysis of the woodpecker's hyoid apparatus provides a novel perspective on impact mitigation mediated by a spiral-shaped structure and viscoelastic biocomposite.
Uncrewed Lunar Surface Operations and Support Activities (2022)

View Video Presentation: https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-4234.vid A sustained human presence on the surface of the Moon and future missions to Mars require increased independence from surface crews and Earth-based mission control to operate efficiently, safely, and reliably. The number of astronauts and the availability of the surface crew to perform tasks will be limited, and extravehicular activities are burdensome and time-consuming. A balance of crewed and uncrewed surface operations will maximize crew exploration time by reducing their time dedicated to routine maintenance and support tasks. Certain sustaining activities that consume valuable crew time and preparation tasks such as staging and prepositioning equipment and materials can be performed without the crew, either before their arrival on the lunar surface or after their departure, thus improving task efficiency and mission effectiveness. This paper will define uncrewed operations and support activities and examine the functions, features, and capabilities that support sustained human and robotic surface operations. It will also discuss the extreme environmental challenges and the complexities associated with the development and operation of autonomous systems, as well as some suggested methods, techniques, and tools to overcome these challenges.