gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Moisture Effects on the Prediction Performance of a Single‐Kernel Near‐Infrared Deoxynivalenol Calibration (2016)

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a serious disease in wheat that affects grain quality owing to the accumulation of mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (DON) in grains. Near‐infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has been used to develop techniques to estimate DON levels in single wheat kernels to facilitate rapid, nondestructive screening of FHB resistance in wheat breeding lines. The effect of moisture content (MC) variation on the accuracy of single‐kernel DON prediction by NIR spectroscopy was investigated. Sample MC considerably affected accuracy of the current NIR DON calibration by underestimating or overestimating DON at higher or lower moisture levels, respectively. DON in single kernels was most accurately estimated at 13–14% MC. Major NIR absorptions related to Fusarium damage were found around 1,198–1,200, 1,418–1,430, 1,698, and 1,896–1,914 nm. Major moisture related absorptions were observed around 1,162, 1,337, 1,405–1,408, 1,892–1,924, and 2,202 nm. Fusarium damage and moisture related absorptions overlapped in the 1,380–1,460 and 1,870–1,970 nm regions. These results show that absorption regions associated with water are often close to absorption regions associated with Fusarium damage. Thus, care must be taken to develop DON calibrations that are independent of grain MC.
A/D converter sampling rate multiplier (1981)

We describe here a simple and inexpensive circuit which operates with a moderately fast (hardware limited to 35 kHz in our particular case) A/D converter in a minicomputer to produce as much as sixteen times higher sampling rates for repetitive signals. The sampling window of 512 points may be delayed by as much as fifteen window widths. The circuit connects externally to the minicomputer, requiring no internal modifications, and hence can be used with any A/D converter–computer system.
Correction of distortion in endoscope images (1992)

Images formed with endoscopes suffer from a spatial distortion due to the wide-angle nature of the endoscope's objective lens. This change in the size of objects with position precludes quantitative measurement of the area of the objects, which is important in endoscopy for accurately measuring ulcer and lesion sizes over time. A method for correcting the distortion characteristic of endoscope images is presented. A polynomial correction formula was developed for the endoscope lens and validated by comparing quantitative test areas before and after the distortion correction. The distortion correction has been incorporated into a computer program that could readily be applied to electronic images obtained at endoscopy using a desk-top computer. The research presented here is a key step towards the quantitative determination of the area of regions of interest in endoscopy.
Tumors and Surgery of the Parapharyngeal Space (1994)

The parapharyngeal space, an area of complex anatomic relationships, is involved in a wide variety of benign and malignant neoplasms. Because primary parapharyngeal space tumors are rare, it is difficult to obtain surgical experience in this region. This paper reviews the anatomy, presentation, evaluation, surgical approaches, and pathologic features and complications reported in managing patients with parapharyngeal space neoplasms. Two surgical procedures have been used by the author to treat 44 tumors in the parapharyngeal space. The cervical-parotid approach was used in 35 patients, and the cervical-parotid approach with midline mandibulotomy was used in 9 patients. Of the 44 tumors, 32 were benign lesions and 12 were malignant neoplasms. Forty tumors were primary parapharyngeal space tumors, and 4 cases represented isolated metastases to parapharyngeal nodes. Recurrent tumors accounted for 12 of the 44 cases. Discussion of the indications, surgical technique, and select points pertinent to using these two operative procedures is based on the operative experience gained from these 44 patients. The use of these two operations resulted in low morbidity and provided a safe, efficacious approach to the management of all parapharyngeal space neoplasms encountered.
d-Cycloserine facilitates extinction learning and enhances extinction-related brain activation (2017)

Extinction learning is modulated by N-methyl d-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) particularly in prefrontal and hippocampal brain regions. The use of of NMDA agonists in exposure therapy of anxiety disorders has been investigated in various patient groups. Behavioral results showed beneficial effects of pre-learning administration of the partial NMDAR agonist d-Cycloserine (DCS) on therapy success. However, the impact of DCS upon non-fear-related contextual extinction, and associated recruitment of extinction-relevant brain regions is as yet unknown. In the present fMRI study, healthy human participants performed a context-related associative learning and extinction task. A single dose of DCS, administered prior to extinction learning, enhanced extinction learning performance in an identical context, and increased activation in prefrontal, temporal as well as hippocampal/insular regions, compared to placebo controls. In contrast, DCS did not affect extinction learning in a novel context, nor the renewal effect, which describes the recovery of an extinguished response if the context of extinction differs from the context of recall. Our findings demonstrate a specific involvement of prefrontal and hippocampal NMDAR in the modification of established stimulus-outcome associations in identical contexts and thus their role in behavioral flexibility, underlining their potential for enhancing AAA extinction learning.
Group Interpersonal and Social Rhythm Therapy for Bipolar Depression (2013)

The promising antidepressive response supports further study of IPSRT-G for bipolar depression.
A C-terminal Pfs48/45 malaria transmission-blocking vaccine candidate produced in the baculovirus expression system (2020)

The Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte surface protein, Pfs48/45, is a potential target for malaria transmission-blocking vaccines. However, due to its size and complexity, expression of the full-length protein has been difficult, leading to focus on the C-terminal six cysteine domain (6C) with the use of fusion proteins to facilitate expression and folding. In this study, we utilized the baculovirus system to evaluate the expression of three Pfs48/45 proteins including the full-length protein, the 6C domain fragment and the 6C domain mutant to prevent glycosylation. Expression of the recombinant Pfs48/45 proteins was conducted in super Sf9 cells combined with the use of tunicamycin to prevent N-glycosylation. The proteins were then evaluated as immunogens in mice to demonstrate the induction of functionally active polyclonal antibody responses as measured in the standard membrane feeding assay (SMFA). Only the 6C protein was found to exhibit significant transmission-reducing activity. Further characterization of the biologically active 6C protein demonstrated it was homogeneous in terms of size, charge, conformation, absence of glycosylation, and containing proper disulfide bond pairings. This study presents an alternative expression system, without the need of a fusion protein partner, for the Pfs48/45 6C protein fragment including further evaluation as a potential transmission-blocking vaccine candidate.
DiPOLE - An Efficient and Scalable High Pulse Energy and High Average Power Cryogenic Gas Cooled Multi-Slab Amplifier Concept (2013)

We present preliminary amplification results for DiPOLE, a prototype diode-pumped cryogenic gas cooled Yb:YAG amplifier. Amplification of ns-pulses at 1030 nm has demonstrated output energies of 10.1 J at 1 Hz in a 4-pass extraction geometry and 6.4 J at 10 Hz in a 3-pass setup, corresponding to optical-to-optical conversion efficiencies of 21% and 16%, respectively. Measured performance compares favourably to existing systems and confirms the viability of the concept for efficient generation of high energy pulses at multi-Hz repetition rate. Work is now underway to confirm the scalability of the concept with the design of a 100 J amplifier system. This along with advances in Ti:Sapphire amplifier technology opens the way to the development of a multi-Hz, PW-class laser facility at the Central Laser Facility. Knowledge gained from these developments will de-risk the technology necessary to build a sub-aperture beamlet for a laser driver suitable for fusion energy generation.
A Molecular Mechanism of Formalin Fixation and Antigen Retrieval (2004)

Despite the popularity of antigen-retrieval techniques, the precise molecular mechanism underlying the process remains enigmatic. We examined the molecular features underlying the loss of immunoreactivity following formalin fixation, with subsequent recovery by antigen retrieval. To do this, we first created a molecular model using short peptides that mimic the antibody-binding site of common clinical protein targets. The advantage of this model is that we know the amino acid sequence in and around the antibody-binding site. We observed that some, not all, of the peptides exhibited the formalin-fixation and antigen-retrieval phenomenon. Other peptides did not lose their ability to be recognized by antibody, even after prolonged incubation in formalin. A third, intermediate group exhibited the formalin-fixation and antigen-retrieval phenomenon only if another irrelevant protein was mixed with the peptide before fixation. Amino acid sequence analysis indicates that fixation and antigen retrieval are associated with a tyrosine in or near the antibody-binding site and with an arginine elsewhere, implicating the Mannich reaction as important in fixation and antigen retrieval.
Properties of the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase bound to and separated from the dihydrolipoyl transacetylase-protein X subcomplex and evidence for binding of the kinase to protein X. (1986)

Studies were conducted on four pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-containing fractions: purified pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, the dihydrolipoyl transacetylase-protein X-kinase subcomplex (E2.X.K), a kinase fraction (K fraction) prepared from the E2.X.K subcomplex, and a kinase fraction generated by limited trypsin-digestion of E2.X.K. We characterized the gel electrophoresis properties of dissociated subunits (one-dimensional and two-dimensional), the catalytic and ATP binding properties of kinase-containing fractions, and the subunit requirements for kinase binding to and being activated by the transacetylase-protein X subcomplex (E2.X). A significant portion of protein X was retained with the transacetylase core following release of virtually all the kinase. The K fraction had four major bands separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-slab gel electrophoresis which corresponded to the dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, protein X, the trypsin-resistant catalytic subunit of the kinase and a chymotrypsin-resistant subunit which had a high pI and comigrated in one-dimensional systems with the chymotrypsin-sensitive alpha-subunit of the pyruvate dehydrogenase component. While purified kidney complex contained only about three molecules of kinase (determined by [14C]ATP binding), one molecule of E2.X subcomplex activated a large number (greater than 15) molecules of kinase associated with the protein X-containing K fraction. Sephadex G-200 chromatography of the K fraction in the presence of dithiothreitol led to coelution of protein X and kinase subunits. Limited trypsin digestion converted the transacetylase into subdomains and cleaved protein X and the high pI subunit of the kinase. Under those conditions, the intact catalytic subunit of the kinase did not bind to the large inner domain of the transacetylase but could be activated by untreated E2.X subcomplex. Thus, binding of the catalytic subunit of the kinase and its activation by E2.X required either protein X or the lipoyl-bearing outer domain of the transacetylase. In combination, our results suggest that protein X serves to anchor the kinase to the core of the complex.
Maternal Glucocorticoid Supplementation and S100B Protein Concentrations in Cord Blood and Urine of Preterm Infants (2003)

Maternal glucocorticoid (GC) supplementation is widely used for the prevention of lung immaturity (1)(2), but its possible harmful effects on other organs, including the central nervous system (CNS), are still a matter of debate (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9).

S100B, which is present mainly in the nervous system (10) and has a short half-life (11), is regarded as a useful marker of brain injury, although at physiologic concentrations it may act as a cytokine with a neurotrophic effect (10)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19). S100B concentrations in cord blood or urine have already been used to monitor brain distress on the fetal/newborn CNS (15)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21).

We investigated the possible effects of maternal GC administration on the CNS of newborns by measuring S100B in cord blood and longitudinally in urine. Between April 2000 and June 2002, we measured S100B in the umbilical cord blood and urine of infants, born at our tertiary referral centers for obstetric care, who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) of our hospitals. From our database we retrieved the 39 infants whose mothers had been treated antenatally with corticosteroids and matched them for gestational age at recording with 39 infants whose mothers had not been treated with steroids (1 control for each patient in the GC group). Exclusion criteria included multiple pregnancies, fetal/neonatal cardiac or hemolytic diseases, fetal malformations, and chromosomal abnormalities.

The mothers in the GC group had received betamethasone (12 mg intravenously for 2 days) when spontaneous or planned preterm delivery was expected to occur. The main complications in the cases admitted to the study were intrauterine growth retardation (14 …
Correlation of tumor mutational burden (TMB) with molecular profiling and clinical characteristics in patients with bladder cancer. (2020)

e17025 Background: Bladder cancers (BC) are frequently highly mutated. Next generation sequencing (NGS) can both shed light on mutational burden and the specific alterations that provide insights into the underlying biology of individual tumors. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed BC cases assessed with UCSF500, an institutional NGS assay that uses hybrid capture enrichment of target DNA to interrogate approximately 500 frequently mutated cancer genes. Hypermutated tumors were defined as having TMB &gt; 10 mutations/Mb. Fisher’s exact test was used to compare patients (pts) with hypermutated (HM) and non-hypermutated (NHM) tumors. Results: From 2015 to 2019, 74 pts with BC underwent UCSF500 testing; 48 pts were evaluable for TMB, of which 19 pts (40%) had HM tumors. 17/19 pts were evaluable for mutational signatures; all 17 had APOBEC signatures. Signatures were not assessed in NHM tumors due to low TMB. Clinicopathologic characteristics and most common alterations in the two groups are listed in the table. More HM pts had responses to immunotherapy (IO) treatment (86% vs 40%, p = 0.13). Conclusions: In this single-institution BC cohort, HM tumors were common and APOBEC mutational signature was the common underlying biology in HM tumors. There were relevant differences in common alterations between HM and NHM tumors, including more FGFR3 mutations in NHM tumors. HM status and APOBEC signature were suggested as relevant predictive biomarkers of response to IO, which should be investigated further in larger BC cohorts. [Table: see text]
Local Delivery of Chemotherapy Prolongs Survival in Experimental Brain Metastases from Breast Carcinoma (1998)

Local delivery of BCNU with biodegradable polymers can significantly prolong survival in a murine model of intracranial metastatic breast cancer. Surgical resection and placement of BCNU polymers into the resection cavity may decrease the incidence of local recurrence of breast cancer metastases with minimal morbidity.
Forecasting the U.S. Unemployment Rate (1998)

Abstract This article presents a comparison of forecasting performance for a variety of linear and nonlinear time series models using the U.S. unemployment rate. Our main emphases are on measuring forecasting performance during economic expansions and contractions by exploiting the asymmetric cyclical behavior of unemployment numbers, on building vector models that incorporate initial jobless claims as a leading indicator, and on utilizing additional information provided by the monthly rate for forecasting the quarterly rate. Comparisons are also made with the consensus forecasts from the Survey of Professional Forecasters. In addition, the forecasts of nonlinear models are combined with the consensus forecasts. The results show that significant improvements in forecasting accuracy can be obtained over existing methods.
Tumor immunolocalization using monoclonal antibodies which bind placental alkaline phosphatase. (1984)

Increased levels of PLAP in the serum of patients with certain types of cancer, particularly ovarian cancer and seminoma, indicate that PLAP may be a useful marker for detection of those tumors. Our goal was to further examine the usefulness of PLAP as a tumor marker by investigating the possibility that monoclonal antibodies binding PLAP may be useful for detection of the growth and metastasis of tumors which express the enzyme. Thus, we developed an experimental system where both a PLAP- positive and PLAP- negative tumor were grown in nude mice. The mice were then injected with radioactively-labeled F(ab)'2 fragments of a monoclonal antibody. The results are in accord with those of others and indicate that the monoclonal antibody localized in the PLAP-positive tumor 10 times or more often than it localized in the PLAP-negative tumor or in normal mouse tissues. Therefore, PLAP would appear to be a useful marker for the immunodetection of certain tumors in humans by external scintigraphy. PLAP may similarly be effective as a target for the delivery of toxic reagents to tumor cells in vivo using drugs conjugated to PLAP-specific monoclonal antibodies.
The Change in the Distribution of Tc-99m Human Serum Albumin Radioaerosols in Asthma After a 1-Week Course of Corticosteroid Inhalation Treatment (1995)

This study evaluated the effects of corticosteroid inhalation on the deposition pattern of Tc-99m HSA radioaerosols in 24 patients with asthma. The homogeneous degree of depositing radioaerosol was quantitatively evaluated using a modified standard score system over both lungs. The baseline scores were calculated before inhalation therapy of 0.05 mg beclomethasone dipropionate four times daily for 1 week. The studies were then repeated after treatment to evaluate the effects of inhalation therapy. After treatment, the scores decreased in 16 of 24 cases (67%), which means that the degree of the bronchial obstruction decreased. The statistical results revealed significant differences in the total homogeneity score (P < 0.001) before and after therapy. Thus, a 1-week course of beclomethasone dipropionate inhalation therapy improves the bronchial obstruction in asthma patients as shown by the quantitative homogeneity score system of the Tc-99m HSA radioaerosol inhalation lung scintigraphy.
Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of 4-Vinyl-2-trichloromethyloxazoline: An Access to Enantioenriched Vinylglycinol Surrogate (2010)

Cationic Pd(II) catalysts generated from chiral biphenyl diphosphine complexes or from COP-Cl promote enantioselective cyclization of E- and Z-configured allylic bis-trichloroacetimidates to highly enantioenriched 2-trichloromethyl-4-vinyloxazoline. This represents an exclusive example for olefin amination in high yield and enantioselectivity with trichloroacetimidate as the N-nucleophile by using a cationic palladium(II) complex as a catalyst providing an easy-to-deprotect enantioenriched vinylglycinol derivative.
The OSMOSE program for the qualification of integral cross sections of actinides: Preliminary results in a PWR-UOx spectrum (2006)

The need for improved nuclear data for minor actinides has been stressed by various organizations throughout the world - especially for studies relating to plutonium management, waste incineration, transmutation of waste, and Pu burning in future nuclear concepts. Several international programs have indicated a strong desire to obtain accurate integral reaction rate data for improving the major and minor actinides cross sections. Data on major actinides (i.e. {sup 235}U, {sup 236}U, {sup 238}U, {sup 239}Pu, {sup 240}Pu, {sup 241}Pu, {sup 242}Pu and {sup 241}Am) are reasonably well-known and available in the Evaluated Nuclear Data Files (JEFF, JENDL, ENDF-BX However information on the minor actinides (i.e. {sup 232}Th, {sup 233}U, {sup 237}Np, {sup 238}Pu, {sup 242}Am, {sup 243}Am, {sup 243}Cm, {sup 235}Cm, {sup 244}Cm, {sup 245}Cm, {sup 246}Cm and {sup 247}Cm) is less well-known and considered to be relatively poor in some cases, having to rely on model and extrapolation of few data points. In this framework, the ambitious OSMOSE program between the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Electricite de France (EDF) and the U.S. Dept. of Energy (DOE) has been undertaken with the aim of measuring the integral absorption rate parameters of actinides in the MINERVE experimental facility located atmore » the CEA Cadarache Research Center. The OSMOSE Program (Oscillation in Minerve of isotopes in 'Eupraxic' Spectra) includes a complete analytical program associated with the experimental measurement program and aims at understanding and resolving potential discrepancies between calculated and measured values. In the OSMOSE program, the reactivity worth of samples containing separated actinides are measured in different neutron spectra using an oscillation technique with an overall expected accuracy better than 3%. Reactivity effects of less than 10 pcm (0.0001 or approximately 1.5 cents) are measured and compared with calibrations to determine the differential reactivity-worth of the individual samples. The first experimental results were obtained with a very good reproducibility in 2005 and 2006 in the R1-UO{sub 2} core configuration representative of a PWR UOx standard spectrum. The preliminary results of measurements and comparison to calculational models are reported. (authors)« less
Hyperbranched Polymers: (1997)

Abstract Macromolecular architecture is receiving increasing interest as the search for new tailor-made polymeric materials with strictly specified properties intensifies. Many research groups are now focusing their interest on dendritic macromolecules [dendron (Greek) = treelike, highly branched] i.e. dendrimers and hyperbranched polymers based on ABx-monomers. The high degree of branching for dendritic polymers has some consequences, e.g., no crystallization and no interchain entangling have been observed [1]. This gives rise to poor mechanical properties but good solubility and decreased melt viscosity [2] for dendritic macromolecules as compared to their linear analogs of the same molar mass.
Quantum Key Distribution on a 10Gb/s WDM-PON (2010)

We demonstrate the first 10GHz clock-rate, differential-phase-shift-keyed quantum key distribution system on a 10Gb/s multi-user WDM-PON network. A dual feeder fiber scheme is used to reduce spontaneous Raman scattering-induced inter-channel cross-talk.