gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermally dissociable pseudo‐polyrotaxane as a supramolecular shrinkage suppressor for epoxy–amine curing system (2008)

Addition of pseudo-polyrotaxanes (PPRtxs) consisting of cyclodextrins (CDs) and amine-terminated polyethers to epoxy–amine curing system remarkably suppressed the volume shrinkage on the curing reaction. The PPRtx underwent thermal dissociation with creation of free volume, which efficiently contributed to the suppression of volume shrinkage. [Color figure can be viewed in the online issue, which is available at www.interscience.wiley.com.]
Forest genetics - concepts, scope, history and importance. (2007)

This chapter begins with a brief discussion on the different types of forests in the world, including their scope and importance. Then, the causes of variation in forests are outlined. A brief history of forest genetics is also provided. Finally, the importance of forest genetics in both natural and managed forests is discussed.
Fecal Microbiota in Healthy Subjects Following Omnivore, Vegetarian and Vegan Diets: Culturable Populations and rRNA DGGE Profiling (2015)

In this study, the fecal microbiota of 153 healthy volunteers, recruited from four different locations in Italy, has been studied by coupling viable counts, on different microbiological media, with ribosomal RNA Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (rRNA-DGGE). The volunteers followed three different diets, namely omnivore, ovo-lacto-vegetarian and vegan. The results obtained from culture-dependent and -independent methods have underlined a high level of similarity of the viable fecal microbiota for the three investigated diets. The rRNA DGGE profiles were very complex and comprised a total number of bands that varied from 67 to 64 for the V3 and V9 regions of the 16S rRNA gene, respectively. Only a few bands were specific in/of all three diets, and the presence of common taxa associated with the dietary habits was found. As far as the viable counts are concerned, the high similarity of the fecal microbiota was once again confirmed, with only a few of the investigated groups showing significant differences. Interestingly, the samples grouped differently, according to the recruitment site, thus highlighting a higher impact of the food consumed by the volunteers in the specific geographical locations than that of the type of diet. Lastly, it should be mentioned that the fecal microbiota DGGE profiles obtained from the DNA were clearly separated from those produced using RNA, thus underlining a difference between the total and viable populations in the fecal samples.
The constituents of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. I. Isolation of (+)-medioresinol di-O-.BETA.-D-glucopyranoside. (1983)

A new lignan diglycoside was isolated from the bark of Eucommia ulmoides OLIV. (Eucommiaceae) and its structure was established as (+)-medioresinol di-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1) by means of chemical and spectral studies. (+)-Pinoresinol di-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), liriodendrin (3) and (+)-pinoresinol O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4) were also isolated.
Some new developments in the field of reactive polymers and immobilized enzymes (1980)

Abstract A review of reactive carriers and immobilized enzymes describing the latest developments in the authors' laboratories is presented. Slightly basic and amphoteric reactive carriers were synthesized on the basis of poly (ethylene imine), and neutral hydrophilic carriers were obtained on the basis of polyethers. A new possibility for the Ugi reaction including carbon dioxide as the fifth component in this reaction is shown. Crosslinked acrylic acid–styrene copolymers and also poly(vinyl alcohol) were used for the introduction of maleimide groups, giving polymers with a specific reactivity towards SH‐groups containing enzymes resp. thiolated enzymes. A poly(vinyl alcohol) containing fiber material, synthetic pulp, was modified with diazonium groups and used for the immobilization of different enzymes. The properties of the immobilized enzymes were investigated.
Use of sequential enzyme immunoassay and direct fluorescent antibody tests for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis infections in women (1990)

Endocervical infections due to Chlamydia trachomatis remain difficult to diagnose due to the lack of an inexpensive, rapid, and accurate test. We evaluated an alternative strategy for diagnosis in which initial screening was performed with an enzyme immunoassay (Chlamydiazyme) followed by a direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) test on specimens in which the Chlamydiazyme optical density (OD) reading fell in an intermediate zone. Lowering the Chlamydiazme OD ratio (specimen to control) used to define a positive test from 1.0 (the ratio suggested by the manufacturer) to 0.3 raised the sensitivity of Chlamydiazyme from 73 to 83%. Confirmation of those specimens having OD ratios of 0.3 to 0.99 by DFA testing increased the specificity of Chlamydiazyme from 95 to 100%. This strategy necessitated performance of the DFA test on 5% of the specimens. Lowering the cutoff OD ratio below 0.3 increased the sensitivity even further but required DFA testing on greater than 25% of the specimens. Use of an adjusted positive cutoff value for defining positive enzyme immunoassays followed by DFA confirmation for intermediate-zone readings may be a feasible approach for some laboratories that lack cell culture facilities.
Reconfigurable computing application frameworks (2003)

FPGA-based (field programmable gate array) configurable computing machines (CCMs) offer powerful and flexible general-purpose computing platforms. However, development for FPGA-based designs using modern CAD (computer aided design) tools is geared mainly toward an ASIC-like process. This is inadequate for the needs of CCM application development. This paper discusses an application framework for developing CCM-based applications beyond just the hardware configuration. This framework leverages the advantages of CCMs (availability, programmability, visibility, and controllability) to help create CCM-based applications throughout the entire development process (i.e. design, debug, and deploy). The framework itself is deployed with the final application, thus permitting dynamic circuit configurations that include data folding optimizations based on user input. The resulting system aids in creating applications that are potentially more intuitive, easier to develop, and better performing. An example application demonstrates the use of the application framework and the potential benefits.
Smile Enhancement Through Periodontal Surgery (2015)

Context: Periodontal plastic surgery can help people improve their lives by addressing aesthetic parameters of their smile. Much of what comprises a beautiful and appealing smile is influenced by emotion and personality; however, many structural elements of a smile can be improved through surgical intervention. Evidence Acquisition: The end result often lends significant support to people who wish to experience more effective and successful communication with others in personal, social and workplace situations. This paper discusses the basis for periodontal surgical interventions in smile enhancement. The anatomical features that contribute to smile appearance and the act of smiling are reviewed. Illustrations of the periodontal plastic surgery cases are presented. Results: Standard measures, golden proportions, and symmetry are concepts that mostly applied for guidance of image designing. Nevertheless, aesthetic attainment is possible with the presence of different measures and proportions and symmetry or asymmetry. Specific mathematical measures and symmetry should not be considered as beauty criteria and the violation of computational formulas and asymmetry should not be introduced as inconsistency. Symmetric smile, which follows proved measures, is not necessarily aesthetic. However, measures, proportions, and symmetry are all aspects of beautiful art work but rarely suffice for attaining beauty phenomenon. Conclusions: In modern society, we insist on finding a form that follows determined rules. Medical and periodontics sciences can have rules in repair and reconstruction of the beauty and health by anatomic symmetric smile principles. Nonetheless, physicians may not be able to achieve beauty despite of applying most complete world standards. Countless individual differences in facial features lead to achieving countless outcomes in aesthetic proceedings. Eventually, individualâs kindness and personality can create a wonderful attraction while smiling that is unjustifiable.
Direct staining and visualization of endothelial monolayers cultured on synthetic polycarbonate filters. (1988)

Endothelial and epithelial cells cultured on synthetic filter supports have been used to study permeability and transport under various experimental conditions. However, because of the non-transparent nature of these filters, morphological studies using light microscopy are not possible. Presently, investigators circumvent this problem by using cells cultured on glass coverslips, extrapolating morphological data from a system clearly different from that used for functional studies. We describe here a useful technique for direct staining and visualization of cells grown on polycarbonate filter supports, using fluorochrome probes and fluorescence microscopy. We have utilized acridine orange, rhodamine phalloidin, and an anti-vimentin monoclonal antibody to provide information about cell shape, monolayer configuration, and cytoskeletal protein distribution in cultured calf pulmonary artery endothelial cell monolayers. Comparison staining of coverslip and filter preparations revealed a number of clear differences in these parameters. This technique should enable investigators to perform the necessary studies to obtain direct correlations between functional and morphological data.
Blocking techniques for various hacking attacks on wireless Internet services (2021)

Background/Objectives: The wireless internet service, which has positioned as an important element to support all industries, can be connected to notebook computers and smartphones everywhere. Using wireless internet access increases, the risk of hacking also increases. Methods/Statistical analysis: There is information leakage accident by modulating DNS address of home router and hacking threats by using wireless router always exists Findings: In this paper, we search hacking techniques using vulnerabilities in wireless LAN, and analyze the need for security for wireless LANs through WEP encryption algorithms and improved encryption algorithms. Improvements/Applications: We also suggest countermeasures against hacking techniques such as DoS attacks, WEP Crack, and DNS Spoofing.
Troglitazone (1998)

Troglitazone, which was first synthesized in 1983, is a compound with the characterizations of both thiazolidinedione and vitamin E and a physiologic effect to reduce insulin resistance. Because insulin resistance is a major risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes and a principal impediment to achieving good metabolic control, there is an inherent logic in using a compound with this potential effect. In the United States, troglitazone was approved for clinical use in 1997, with an initial indication as adjunctive therapy for insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes, and later this was extended for use as monotherapy and in combination with sulfonylureas in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Approximately 800,000 patients in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Japan have been treated with troglitazone since its introduction in early 1997. Accordingly, there is a growing body of literature concerning the clinical efficacy and safety of troglitazone, and a principal focus of this review is to examine these data. Interest in understanding the mechanism of action of troglitazone has also been considerable.
Development of on Board, Highly Flexible, Galileo Signal Generator ASIC (2007)

Alcatel Alenia Space is deeply involved in the Galileo program at many stages. In particular, Alcatel Alenia Space has successfully designed and delivered the very first navigation signal generator, based on a 0.35mum Atmel ASIC technology, which has been launched in the satellite demonstrator GIOVE-A in December 2005. The Galileo project is now in a second phase including the development of four of the thirty satellites of the final constellation. The new navigation signal generator requires both high performance and high flexibility (various waveforms to cope with the different Galileo services: open, commercial, governmental ...) for a very long life time system. Besides, the challenge is increased due to the specific space constraints such as mass, volume and power consumption. These requirements will be achieved through the implementation of a 3 million gates ASIC in a 0.18mum European Radiation Tolerant Atmel technology. This paper will, after a brief description of Galileo system, present the constraints of space environment and technologies challenges. It will then present the ASIC and the development flow of this project, emphasizing the up to date tools that have been used (architectural synthesis, physical synthesis). A conclusion will then be drawn on the requirements on technology and tools for space domain
Accurate Online Junction Temperature Estimation of IGBT Using Inflection Point Based Updated I–V Characteristics (2021)

The junction temperature (T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">j</sub> ) estimation of the insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) is important for reliable operation of the power converters in various applications. For T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">j</sub> estimation, on-state collector-emitter voltage (v <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ce</sub> ) at higher collector currents (i <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> ) is widely used temperature sensitive electrical parameter (TSEP). For real-time T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">j</sub> estimation, this TSEP is calibrated using the I-V characteristics of the new IGBT. Due to bond-wire degradation, the original I-V characteristics of IGBT changes resulting in inaccurate T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">j</sub> estimation. In this article, a technique is proposed to update the I-V characteristics of the degraded IGBT, without affecting the normal operation of the power converter. It is achieved by estimating the increment in bond-wire resistance (\triangle R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">con</sub> ) by using real-time samples of v <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ce</sub> and inductor current. The mathematical analysis is also presented to find an error in estimated \triangle R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">con</sub> . The major contributions of this article are as follows: a) it enables the accurate T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">j</sub> estimation of the IGBT throughout its lifetime; and b) it also provides the parameter \triangle R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">con</sub> , which could be utilized in condition monitoring of the IGBT. Further no additional circuitry is required. The proposed technique is validated on experimental setup, which is developed in the laboratory. The error in T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">j</sub> estimation is observed within $1$ °C the degraded IGBT, which shows the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
FTIR spectrometer with solid-state drive system (2023)

An FTIR spectrometer (10) and method using a solid-state drive system with thermally responsive members (27) that are subject to expansion upon heating and to contraction upon cooling. Such members (27) are assembled in the device (10) so as to move an angled, reflective surface (22) a small distance. The sample light beam (13) is received at a detector (24) along with a reference light beam (13) and there it is combined into a resulting signal. This allows the "interference" between the two beams to occur for spectral analysis by a processor (29).
Structural Determinants for Specific Recognition by T4 Endonuclease V (1996)

DNA glycosylases catalyze the scission of the N-glycosyl bond linking either a damaged or mismatched base to the DNA sugar phosphate backbone. T4 endonuclease V is a glycosylase/apurinic (AP) lyase that is specific for UV light-induced cis-syn pyrimidine dimers. As a proposed transition state analog/inhibitor for glycosylases, a phosphoramidite derivative containing a pyrrolidine residue has been synthesized. The binding of endonuclease V to this duplex was analyzed by gel mobility shift assays and resulted in a single stable complex of reduced mobility and an apparent Kd of 17 nM. To assess the importance of the positive charge for specific binding, studies using other non-cleavable substrate analogs were performed. Wild type T4 endonuclease V shows an 8-fold decreased affinity for a tetrahydrofuran as compared with the pyrrolidine residue, demonstrating the significance of the positive charge for recognition. A 2-fold increase in binding affinity for a reduced AP site was observed. Similar assays using catalytically compromised mutants (E23Q and E23D) of endonuclease V demonstrate altered affinities for the pyrrolidine as well as tetrahydrofuran and reduced AP sites. This approach has provided insight into the structural mechanism by which specific lesions are targeted by the protein as well as the structural determinants of the DNA required for specific recognition by T4 endonuclease V.
Uracil Derivatives and Related Compounds. VII. : Synthesis and Anti-inflammatory Activity of Bucolome's Related Compounds (2) (1969)

As the assumed metabolites of bucolome (I), the compounds (V and XXVIII) formed by the oxidation of 1-cyclohexyl to 1-(4-hydroxycyclohexyl) or 1-(p-hydroxyphenyl) group were synthesized. At the same time, series of related compounds were systematically prepared and relationship between their chemical structure and their anti-inflammatory action and acute toxicity was examined. V was indentified as one of the metabolites of bucolome by the collaborators and details of this work will be published elsewhere.
Simultaneous Determination of Arsenic and Mercury in Molasses by Microwave Assisted Digestion and Hydride Generation-Double Channel Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry (2010)

A method of simultaneously determining arsenic and mercury in molasses via microwave assisted digestion and hydride generation-double channel fluorescence spectrometry is established.The categories of acids and their ratios,sample weight over acid volume,microwave power and digestion time,other conditions in sample treatment as well were experimented.The instrumental parameters applied in the determination were optimized.The method with detection limits of 0.0704μg/L and 0.0089μg/L,recoveries of 96.1%～107.6% and 102.3%～105.1%,precision of 1.13% and 0.49% for arsenic and mercury,respectively,was successfully submitted to determine the arsenic and mercury in molasses produced in the companies attached to a sugar manufacture inc.
<title>Model-reference color reproduction for video system based on back-propagation networks</title> (1994)

This paper presents a feedforward multi-layered neural network approach, which is capable of characterizing the colorimetric model of a color CRT monitor driven by a digital red, green, and blue signal source. The model consists of forward and inverse transforms. The forward transform predicts the CIE display color for a given triad of digital RGB video signals. The inverse transform determines the digital RGB drive signals necessary to produce a color of specific CIE coordinates. Nevertheless, the identification of both forward and inverse transforms becomes intractable when the nonlinear distortions are involved in the colormetric model. These distortions result from the violations of the assumptions of phosphor constancy, gun independency, spatial uniformity and monitor characteristic function with an expression of power function. The feedforward neural networks have the capability to learn arbitrary nonlinearity and show great potential for determining the forward transform model of a color monitor. To avoid inverting the complicated nonlinear forward transform directly, an alternative approach to the inverse transform identification is proposed on the basis of Widrow and Winter's neural-based inverse system control scheme. The performance of both transforms was evaluated by the prediction and measurement of 29 test colors chosen to adequately sample the color gamut reproducible by the CRT phosphors.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
<title>Developed photoresist metrology using scatterometry</title> (1994)

Scatterometry is shown to be a viable alternative to current methods of post-developed line shape metrology. Five wafers with focus-exposure matrices of line-space grating patterns in chemically amplified resist were generated. The gratings were illuminated with a He-Ne laser and, utilizing only the specular reflected order measured as a function of incident angle, we were able to predict linewidth and top and bottom rounded features. The scatterometry results were verified with those obtained from scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A set of wafers having a SRAM device pattern was analyzed. These wafers contain columns of devices, each having received an incremental exposure dose. We present exposure predictions based on data taken with the dome scatterometer, a novel device which measures all diffraction orders simultaneously by projecting them onto a diffuse hemispherical `dome.' A statistical calibration routine was used to train on the diffraction patterns from die locations with known exposure values.
Antifouling potentials of seaweeds collected from the southwest coast of India. (2010)

3 Abstract: In the present study, a total of ten seaweed species collected from the Kollam coast (Indian ocean) were subjected to antifouling assays against the common fouling organisms such as Balanus amphitrite, Mytilus edulis and three biofilm forming bacteria, Vibrio sp., Colwellia sp. SW125 and Pseudoalteromonas sp. SW124. Of all the seaweeds tested, only one species, the red algae, Laurencia brandenii displayed broader spectrum of activity. The active principle of L. brandenii was purified in column chromatography and was identified by GC-MS. The GC-MS profile of L. brandenii suggested the purified fraction is primarily composed of octadecadienoic (49.75%) followed by n-Hexadecanoic acid (14.24%) which could have functional role in the chemical defense against fouling organisms and it could be utilized for the development of ideal antifoulants in future.
Advances in Chromatography (2001)

This is the 41st volume in the series Advances in Chromatography. The papers in this volume: take advantage of the properties of electroosmotic flow to explore capillary electrochromatography as an alternative to HPLC for nonvolatile analytes; analyze advances in biomembrane chromatography using reverse-phase HPLC for protein purification and bioph