gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Zona pellucida microdrilling with a 1.48 μm diode laser (1997)

The zona pellucida is the thick glycoprotein layer that surrounds and protects the female gamete. This layer plays an important part in mammalian reproduction. Here, the authors analyze a drilling process utilizing a 1.48 μm diode laser, and they review their mathematical model of the deposition of laser energy. They also present their results from experiments in which they drilled mouse zona pellucida. It is demonstrated that varying laser power or exposure duration controls the size of the hole. The authors observe that hole diameter is very sensitive to changes in exposure duration at the highest power used, due to a substantial increase in laser heating efficiency. At lower power settings, heat diffusion prevents efficient heating. Thus, deposition of the same amount of energy deposition results in a reduced hole size.
Target-Site Directed Herbicide Design (1993)

The successful design of novel pesticides depends on careful consideration of a number of factors including target enzyme selection and validation, inhibitor design, delivery of the inhibitor to the target, and its metabolic fate. Strategies for the selection of enzyme targets giving the desired physiological response upon partial inhibition include identification of chemical leads, bacterial and plant conditionally lethal mutants and the use of antisense technology. Enzyme inhibitors having pharmaceutical or agrochemical utility can be categorized into six major groups: ground-state analogues, group specific reagents, affinity labels, suicide substrates, reaction intermediate analogues, and extraneous site inhibitors. Examples of each category, and their advantages and disadvantages, will be discussed. Identification of a target and construction of a potent inhibitor in itself may still not lead to an effective herbicide. In the absence of the desired invivo activity, the uptake, translocation, and metabolism of the inhibitor should be studied to assess the full potential of the target. Strategies for delivery of the compound to the target enzyme and avoidance of premature detoxification may include a proherbicidal approach, especially when inhibitors are highly charged or when selective detoxification or activation can be exploited. Utilization of differences in detoxification or activation between weeds and crops may lead to enhanced selectivity. Without a full appreciation of each of these facets of pesticide design, the chances for success with the target or enzyme-driven approach are reduced.
Mine Field Breaching in Desert Storm (2001)

During the Gulf War, Iraqi troops laid over seven million mines throughout Kuwait, which resulted in a need for advanced techniques allowing American troops to quickly breach landmine-afflicted areas.
DCASE 2018 Challenge: Solution for Task 5 (2018)

To address Task 5 in the Detection and Classification of Acoustic Scenes and Events (DCASE) 2018 challenge, in this paper, we propose an ensemble learning system. The proposed system consists of three different models, based on convolutional neural network and long short memory recurrent neural network. With extracted features such as spectrogram and mel-frequency cepstrum coefficients from different channels, the proposed system can classify different domestic activities effectively. Experimental results obtained from the provided development dataset show that good performance with F1-score of 92.19% can be achieved. Compared with the baseline system, our proposed system significantly improves the performance of F1-score by 7.69%.
The radial reduced Coulomb Green’s function (1979)

The reduced Green’s function, gnl(r,r′), of the radial hydrogenic Schrödinger equation is simplified for all values of n and l, l⩽n−1, to a closed form appropriate for analytic treatments of Rayleigh–Schrödinger perturbation theory. Integral moments of the form ∫0∞dr′ gnl(r,r′) (r′)k+2exp(−Zr′/n) are given. It is also shown how gnl is connected to gn,l±1 by the ladder operators of the factorization method. Recursion relations are derived between integrals that arise in perturbation theory. The above results are generalized to the case l⩾n, which occurs in the Green’s functions required for the Rayleigh–Schrödinger perturbation treatment even though it does not arise for the eigenfunctions. As an example of the use of the reduced Green’s functions, the first-order wave function and second-order energy corresponding to the spin-orbit interaction is evaluated for any bound state.
Voice over IP: security pitfalls (2005)

Voice over IP (VoIP) is being embraced at a rapid rate. But for a business the decision to implement is complicated. The verdict needs to take into account network capacity, possible equipment upgrades and staffing and training costs. VoIP opens a company up to many security risks such as loss of service, DoS and compromise and eavesdropping among other risks. VoIP is being taken up at a significant rate. Most visibly, VoIP eliminates the notion of a long-distance call. Any service on an IP network faces the usual IP risks. VoIP opens telephony up to a different, cheaper avenue of attack, essentially expanding the perimeter.
Molecular Geometry and Melting Point Related Properties (2012)

Melting point and melting-related properties are important in many fields of research. However, they are relatively hard to predict. In this study, an intuitive and simple model, which integrates both additive group contribution values and nonadditive molecular geometric descriptors, has been developed for the estimation of the total enthalpy and entropy of melting as well as the melting point. This model is evaluated using the available reported values of 557 structurally diverse compounds from various molecular shape families. The predicted values are in good agreement with the experimental values of all 3 properties studied. The average absolute errors for the estimation of enthalpy and entropy of melting are 1.80 kJ/mol, 7.09 J/K mol, respectively. The average absolute error for predicting the melting point is 23.14 K, which is much less than that of the well-known EPI Suite program (60.29 K).
Lysine methyltransferase SMYD2 promotes cyst growth in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (2017)

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is driven by mutations in PKD1 and PKD2 genes. Recent work suggests that epigenetic modulation of gene expression and protein function may play a role in ADPKD pathogenesis. In this study, we identified SMYD2, a SET and MYND domain protein with lysine methyltransferase activity, as a regulator of renal cyst growth. SMYD2 was upregulated in renal epithelial cells and tissues from Pkd1-knockout mice as well as in ADPKD patients. SMYD2 deficiency delayed renal cyst growth in postnatal kidneys from Pkd1 mutant mice. Pkd1 and Smyd2 double-knockout mice lived longer than Pkd1-knockout mice. Targeting SMYD2 with its specific inhibitor, AZ505, delayed cyst growth in both early- and later-stage Pkd1 conditional knockout mouse models. SMYD2 carried out its function via methylation and activation of STAT3 and the p65 subunit of NF-κB, leading to increased cystic renal epithelial cell proliferation and survival. We further identified two positive feedback loops that integrate epigenetic regulation and renal inflammation in cyst development: SMYD2/IL-6/STAT3/SMYD2 and SMYD2/TNF-α/NF-κB/SMYD2. These pathways provide mechanisms by which SMYD2 might be induced by cyst fluid IL-6 and TNF-α in ADPKD kidneys. The SMYD2 transcriptional target gene Ptpn13 also linked SMYD2 to other PKD-associated signaling pathways, including ERK, mTOR, and Akt signaling, via PTPN13-mediated phosphorylation.
Stimulus, Task, and Learning Effects on Measures of Temporal Resolution: Implications for Predictors of Language Outcome (2008)

These results suggest that gap detection thresholds reflect a variety of sensory and nonsensory factors. Understanding these underlying factors is critical to any evaluation of the relation between temporal processing and language outcome.
Methods of conducting simultaneous exothermic and endothermic reactions (2023)

Integrated Combustion Reactors (ICRs) and methods of making ICRs are described in which combustion chambers (or channels) are in direct thermal contact to reaction chambers for an endothermic reaction. Superior results were achieved for combustion chambers which contained a gap for free flow through the chamber. Particular reactor designs are also described. Processes of conducting reactions in integrated combustion reactors are described and results presented. Some of these processes are characterized by unexpected and superior results.
A Brief Review of Histoty, Present Status, Developments and Market Overview of Liquid Crystal Displays (1983)

Abstract This paper reviews the present status, recent developments, future trend and market of liquid crystal displays. It also describes the historical developments very briefly. Today over 99% of LCDs are twisted nematic and their dominance is expected to continue in the near future. Recent developments in polarizers, glass plates, sealing, alignment, liquid crystal materials, etc., are described. Advances in multiplexing, thermally addressed S, displays and dichroic displays are discussed. Dye phase change and TFh may find considerable application in the future. Three major sectors of LCD market—calculator, watch and clock displays will remain almost static in terms of total dollar value though the number of units will be increasing. Trenendous growth rate of LCDs is expected in industrial and consumer items, office equipment, personal computers, business equipment, automobiles, avionics, military and telecommunications.
Condition Monitoring the Health Status of Forced Air Cooling System Using the Natural Frequency of Thermal Network (2019)

The forced air cooling system plays an important role in the safe operation of power converters. Condition monitoring its health status can improve the reliability of power converter and reduce the cost of unscheduled maintenance due to over-heating. This letter proposed to use the natural frequency of thermal network as an indicator to monitor the aging process of cooling system. We show that the degradation of the cooling system can be monitored by detecting the variation of thermal network natural frequency. Experimental tests on a three-phase dc/ac converter with forced air cooling system are performed to verify the effectiveness of proposed method. This method is simple to implement and does not need to measure the power loss. Moreover, it enables the concurrent monitoring of multiple components in the cooling system.
TenSEAL: A Library for Encrypted Tensor Operations Using Homomorphic Encryption (2021)

Machine learning algorithms have achieved remarkable results and are widely applied in a variety of domains. These algorithms often rely on sensitive and private data such as medical and financial records. Therefore, it is vital to draw further attention regarding privacy threats and corresponding defensive techniques applied to machine learning models. In this paper, we present TenSEAL, an open-source library for Privacy-Preserving Machine Learning using Homomorphic Encryption that can be easily integrated within popular machine learning frameworks. We benchmark our implementation using MNIST and show that an encrypted convolutional neural network can be evaluated in less than a second, using less than half a megabyte of communication.
Transhiatal Esophagectomy for Treatment of Benign and Malignant Esophageal Disease (2001)

Since our initial 1978 report, we have performed transhiatal esophagectomy (THE) in 1085 patients with intrathoracic esophageal disease: 285 (26%) benign lesions and 800 (74%) malignant lesions (4.5% upper, 22% middle, and 73.5% lower third/cardia). THE was possible in 97% of patients in whom it was attempted; reconstruction was performed at the same operation in all but six patients. The esophageal substitute was positioned in the original esophageal bed in 98%, stomach being used in 782 patients (96%) and colon in those with a prior gastric resection. Hospital mortality was 4%, with three deaths due to uncontrollable intraoperative hemorrhage. Major complications included anastomotic leak (13%), atelectasis/pneumonia prolonging hospitalization (2%), recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis, chylothorax, and tracheal laceration (< 1% each). There were five reoperations for mediastinal bleeding within 24 hours of THE. Intraoperative blood loss averaged 689 ml. Altogether, 78% of the patients had no postoperative complications. Actuarial survival of the cancer patients mirrors that reported after transthoracic esophagectomy. Late functional results are good or excellent in 80%. Approximately 50% have required one or more anastomotic dilatations. With intensive preadmission pulmonary and physical conditioning, use of a side-to-side staple technique (which has reduced the cervical esophagogastric anastomotic leak rate to less than 3%), and postoperative epidural anesthesia, the need for an intensive care unit stay has been eliminated and the length of hospital stay was reduced to 7 days. We concluded that THE can be achieved in most patients requiring esophageal resection for benign and malignant disease and with greater safety and less morbidity than the traditional transthoracic approaches.
A comparative analysis of numerical approaches to the mechanics of elastic sheets (2014)

Numerically simulating deformations in thin elastic sheets is a challenging problem in computational mechanics due to destabilizing compressive stresses that result in wrinkling. Determining the location, structure, and evolution of wrinkles in these problems have important implications in design and is an area of increasing interest in the fields of physics and engineering. In this work, several numerical approaches previously proposed to model equilibrium deformations in thin elastic sheets are compared. These include standard finite element-based static post-buckling approaches as well as a recently proposed method based on dynamic relaxation, which are applied to the problem of an annular sheet with opposed tractions where wrinkling is a key feature. Numerical solutions are compared to analytic predictions, enabling a quantitative evaluation of the predictive power of the various methods. Results indicate that static finite element approaches are highly sensitive to initial imperfections, relying on \textit{a priori} knowledge of the equilibrium wrinkling pattern to generate optimal results. In contrast, dynamic relaxation is much less sensitive to initial imperfections and can generate solutions for a wide variety of loading conditions without requiring knowledge of the equilibrium solution beforehand.
Average Magnitude Based Weighted Bit-flipping Decoding Algorithm for LDPC Codes (2014)

针对LDPC码的加权比特翻转(WBF)和改进型加权比特翻转(MWBF)算法，该文提出一种改进型算法。该方法以信息节点的平均幅度作为校验方程的可靠度信息，可以提高比特翻转效率。仿真结果表明，在AWGN信道下，误比特率为10-5时，相比于WBF和MWBF算法，该文提出的算法可分别获得约1.65 dB和1.36 dB的增益。同时，平均迭代次数分别降低18.20%~39.91%和17.54%~34.78%。
Polymeric micelles for pH-responsive delivery of cisplatin (2014)

Methoxy poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly-(α-carboxylate-ε-caprolactone) (PEO-b-PCCL) was used to develop pH-responsive polymeric micelles for the delivery of cisplatin (CDDP). Micelles were prepared through complexation of CDDP with the pendant carboxyl groups on the poly(ε-caprolactone) core, perhaps through coordinate bonding. The obtained micelles were characterized using dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurement for size and stability. The in vitro release of CDDP at different pHs (7.4, 6.0 and 5.0) was evaluated. The in vitro cell uptake as well as cytotoxicity of developed micelles against two breast cancer cell lines, i.e. MDA-MB-435 and MDA-MB-231, were also assessed and compared to free CDDP as control. DLS results showed PEO-b-PCCL to form stable micelles with an average diameter of <50 nm upon complexation with CDDP. Developed polymeric micelles were capable of slowly releasing CDDP in physiological pH. However, CDDP release from polymeric micelles was triggered upon exposure to electrolytes and/or acidic pHs mimicking that of extracellular tumor microenvironment or intracellular organelles. Consistent with the slow release of CDDP from its polymeric micellar formulation, polymeric micellar CDDP exhibited lower cytotoxicity and CDDP intracellular uptake compared to free drug. The results indicate a great potential for the developed formulation in platinum therapy of breast cancer.
Estimation of blood pump parameters for cardiovascular system identification (2002)

This paper describes the use of signal processing techniques to estimate the model parameters of a left ventricular assist device (LVAD). The model consisted of lumped resistance, capacitance, and inductance elements with one time-varying capacitor to estimate the cyclical pressure generation of the device using a volume signal from the device. The model parameters were estimated by least squares fit to experimental data obtained in the laboratory. The purpose of this research is to estimate the pressure and flow signals, which are usually measured through invasive physiologic sensors, for an on-line estimator to identify cardiovascular parameters of patients who are under LVAD assist. The success of this development would provide a useful tool to monitor the cardiac function of LVAD patients without indwelling sensors. A computer simulation of the pump with a cardiovascular model was developed to demonstrate the interaction between the LVAD and the cardiovascular system. The simulation results showed agreement with those from an animal experiment and thus the simulation waveforms can be used for testing the cardiovascular estimator.
Interleukin‐7. Biology and implications for dermatology (1996)

In recent years, it has become apparent that IL-7, originally characterized as a growth factor for pre-B lymphocytes, also has important implications for the skin. Keratinocytes have been shown to produce IL-7. which in turn can elicit a variety of biological responses on several cell types residing in the skin. IL-7 has been demonstrated to augment the cytolytic activity of cytotoxic T cells (CTL) and natural killer (NK) cells against various neoplastic targets including melanoma cells. Proliferation and long-term survival of murine dendritic epidermal T lymphocytes (DETC) in vitro is supported by IL-7. IL-7 also induces secretion of inflammatory cytokines by monocytes/macrophages and renders these cells to become tumoricidal against melanoma cells. Normal and malignant melanocytes respond to IL-7 with increased expression of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1). In addition, IL-7 has been shown to act as growth factor for Sezary cells, suggesting a role of keratinocyte-derived IL-7 in the pathogenesis of cutaneous T cell lymphoma. Because of the potent in vitro immunomodulatory effects of IL-7 which have been confirmed in mouse tumor models, IL-7 may become a valuable additional agent to immunotherapeutical regimens currently studied in patients with advanced melanoma. This review summarizes our present knowledge about the molecular and immunological properties of IL7 with emphasis on the effects of that cytokine within the cutaneous compartment and the potential clinical utility in dermatology.
Parameterised model of 2D combustor exit flow conditions for hpt simulations (2017)

An algorithm is presented generating a complete set of inlet boundary conditions for RANS CFD of high pressure turbines to investigate their interaction with lean and rich burn combustors. The method shall contribute to understanding sensitivities of turbine aerothermal performance in a systematic approach. The boundary conditions are based on a set of input parameters controlling velocity, temperature and turbulence fields. All other quantities are derived from operating conditions and additional modelling assumptions. The algorithm is coupled with a CFD solver by applying the generated profiles as inlet boundary condition. The successive steps to derive consistent flow profiles are described and results are validated against flow fields extracted from combustor CFD.
Multiphase flows in cyclone separators (2013)

This Master's thesis treats the separation of valuable Material B from invaluable Material A particles in a cyclone separator.Three desired processes were identified, namely the classification of particles as well as the drying and pulverization of Material A particles.The cyclone separator is able to perform all three processes in one step.Using Ansys Fluent both 2D and 3D computational fluid dynamics simulations was performed to investigate if the computationally cheaper 2D simulations were able to capture the cyclone separator behavior.The drying process of Material A particles was modeled using a user-defined function.The simulations were validated against experiments conducted at a pilot scale.Three different drying mechanisms for water removal from Material A particles were identified and investigated.The proposed mechanisms were evaporation from capillaries, centrifugal drying due to particle spin around its own axis and removal of water during pulverization.It was concluded that all three mechanisms were possible however the centrifugal drying was considered improbable due to that the kinetic energy of the particles is lost during pulverization and hence cannot be translated to rotational energy.The evaporation was modeled for non-pulverized material only.The 2D axisymmetric simulations showed good agreement with the 3D results for the gas phase and can hence constitute an attractive alternative to 3D simulations when time is limited.However the 2D simulations were not able to capture the gas behavior at the nozzles which reflected when examining the particle tracks.Both in experiments and in simulations it was shown that the particle inlet should be placed at the barrel side instead of at the barrel roof to achieve a more continuous process with higher product purity.The classification process modeled in 3D showed excellent agreement with experiments for Material A particles whereas it was observed that Material B particles accumulated in various places in the cyclone until particle-particle interaction made the particles come down.It was seen that evaporation could only explain a fraction of the moisture removal observed during experiments.The conclusion that the pulverization process is imperative for enhancing the evaporation rate was drawn.
Synthesis of Cesium Copper Bromide Nanorods with Strong Linearly Polarized Emission (2022)

Abstract Semiconductor nanorods have often been observed to emit polarized light. This property can be useful for emission applications such as displays, optical communications, and biological labeling. Recently, many researchers have tried to replace nanocrystals containing toxic metals, such as Cd or Pb, with alternatives that can also demonstrate polarized emission. Here a low temperature injection (LTI) method with a relatively short chain octylammonium bromide ligand precursor is used to slow down the nanorod formation reaction and the controlled anisotropic growth of Cs 3 Cu 2 Br 5 nanorods is realized, producing more uniform samples of nanorods with higher aspect ratios than those previously reported. Such nanorods exhibit a very high degree of polarization (DOP) of 0.88 ± 0.04 for single rods, and a corresponding polarization anisotropy of 0.26 for the sample population, both the highest yet reported for any perovskite‐like material. Further this method can be extended to produce Cs 3 Cu 2 Cl 5 nanorods as well, allowing for broad tuning of their optical properties.