gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Towards Self-consistent Microseismic-based Interpretation of Hydraulic Stimulation (2013)

The primary role of microseismic interpretation in the context of hydraulic fracture monitoring (HFM) is to provide understanding of the geometry of a placed hydraulic fracture treatment to enable better completion design, reliable production predictions, and real-time operational decisions during the treatment itself. One aspect of this interpretation is the identification of microseismic events that are related to the fluid-filled fracture propagation directly as distinct from those events which are not. We present a method to statistically identify clusters of microseismic events whose spatial and temporal separation are consistent with the propagation of a hydraulic fracture system, according to various standard models of fracture propagation. We then apply this interpretation to a forward model of complex fracturing to obtain consistency with the pumped data. We subsequently review that complex fracture model via a finite element geomechanical simulation, interpreting via elastic-brittle failure analysis and plastic deformation, to understand the potential source of microseismicity. Our principal finding is that it is possible to obtain a self-consistent interpretation between both fracture propagation and earth stress simulation by following this approach.
The research program of Austrian economics (2008)

Austrian economics today is a living research program, pursued by scholars around the globe, associated with an intellectual lineage that began in Vienna with Carl Menger's 1871 Grundsätze der Volkswirtschaftslehre (Principles of Economics).1 Menger's ideas were soon advanced by his followers Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk and Friedrich von Wieser. In the mid-20th century Ludwig von Mises and Friedrich Hayek did the most to extend economic research along Mengerian lines. Some of the Mengerian innovations (marginalism, opportunity cost) have been incorporated into mainstream neoclassical economics, and Mises and Hayek viewed their own research program merely as modern economics.2 But as Israel Kirzner (1994, p. xii) has noted, those involved in “the contemporary post-Misesian revival of Austrian Economics” now appreciate “the distinctiveness of the Austrian tradition” stemming from Menger.3
N-terminal ectodomain of TSHR: Structure-function studies reveal a novel epitope affecting constitutive activation by mutation (2004)

The large N-terminal ectodomain of the TSH-receptor consist of five structural components: (1) an N-terminal cystein-box-1, (2) a 250 amino acid spanning motif with ten leucine rich repeats (LRR) back-to-back followed by (3) the central cystein-box-2, the (4) TSHR specific insertion region and (5) the cystein-box-3 located close to transmembrane domain TM1. It has been demonstrated that one major binding region for hormones CG/LH, TSH, FSH is the LRR region and mutants at S281 in Cys-box-2 are acting as a switch for constitutive activity. Homologous structural models are only known for the LRR motif. Structures of the other components and their interactions are unknown. To identify determinants that may be involved in signal transduction at the ectodomain we first generated new structural features for the N-terminal TSHR components like the Cys-box-2 and Cys-box-3 by comparative molecular modelling. They were assembled with a hormone bound LRR-domain model to a compact structure of the ectodomain by de-novo protein design in consideration of available functional data. From new identified structural features for TSHR's Cys-box-2 and -3 based on high sequence similarities to the crystal structure for a bound ligand / receptor complex follows, that the structural components Cys-box-2 and -3 are not only linked but also located close to transmembrane domain TM1. Subsequently residues of Cys-box-3 are in close proximity to S281 and located in our ectodomain-model at prominent peripheral positions close to the transmembrane domains. These residues were hypothesised to be involved in the signal transduction. Indeed, site directed mutagenesis resulted in the identification of new sensitive residues. This study is the first demonstration of functional importance of an epitope at the Cys-box-3 region of the ectodomain for signal transduction. Moreover, this epitope is acting as a switch for constitutive activity by side directed mutants (CAM). This second switch region is according our model in close spatial proximity to the known CAM-switch position S281 of the ectodomain.
Bioflocculation as a microbial response to substrate limitations (1988)

Previous theories of nutrient supply to microbial floes assumed that transport within the flocs was by molecular diffusion, and they predict that overall nutrient uptake is reduced in floes compared to dispersed cells. Calculations, supported by recent advances in understanding fluid flow through suspended aggregates, however, have shown that substantial fluid flow may occur through highly permeable bacterial floes. Since bioflocculation of microorganisms in bioreactors is known to occur under conditions of low substrate availability, the rate of substrate uptake is assumed to be mass transfer limited. The hydrodynamic environment of a cell then determines cellular uptake rates. Through development of a relative uptake factor, the overall uptake by cells in flocs in sheared fluids and floes attached to bubbles are compared with the uptake by an identical quantity of dispersed cells. Bioflocculation is found to increase the rate of substrate transport to cells in permeable floes compared to dispersed cells, particularly for large-molecular-weight substrates and when bubbles are present.
Chlorhexidine Diacetate and Povidone‐iodine Cytotoxicity to Canine Embryonic Fibroblasts and Staphylococcus aureus (1988)

Chlorhexidine diacetate and povidone-iodine were evaluated for fibroblast toxicity on a primary line of canine embryonic fibroblasts, and for bactericidal efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus. The cultured fibroblasts or S. aureus were exposed for 30 minutes to incremental dilutions of 0.5 and 0.0005% chlorhexidine diacetate, 5.0 to 0.05% povidone-iodine, or physiologic buffered saline as a control. To determine survival, fibroblasts were trypsinized and counted; S. aureus colonies were counted on brain-heart infusion agar. Survival for both groups was expressed by calculating the number of living cells in test dilutions as a percentage of the number in control cultures. Fibroblast survival occurred at chlorhexidine concentrations less than 0.013% and at povidone-iodine concentrations less than 0.5% (p less than 0.05). Significant S. aureus survival (p less than 0.05) was noted at chlorhexidine concentrations less than 0.05% and povidone-iodine concentrations less than 1.0%. These data showed that all bactericidal concentrations of chlorhexidine diacetate and povidone-iodine were lethal to canine embryonic fibroblasts in vitro, whereas non-lethal concentrations allowed significant bacterial survival.
Phylogenetic classification of Trametes (Basidiomycota, Polyporales) based on a five–marker dataset (2011)

Abstract The phylogeny of Trametes and related genera was studied using molecular data from ribosomal markers (nLSU, ITS) and protein–coding genes (RPB1, RPB2, TEF1–alpha) and consequences for the taxonomy and nomenclature of this group were considered. Separate datasets with rDNA data only, single datasets for each of the protein–coding genes, and a combined five–marker dataset were analyzed. Molecular analyses recover a strongly supported trametoid clade that includes most of Trametes species (including the type T. suaveolens , the T. versicolor group, and mainly tropical species such as T. maxima and T. cubensis ) together with species of Lenzites and Pycnoporus and Coriolopsis polyzona . Our data confirm the positions of Trametes cervina (= Trametopsis cervina ) in the phlebioid clade and of Trametes trogii (= Coriolopsis trogii ) outside the trametoid clade, closely related to Coriolopsis gallica . The genus Coriolopsis , as currently defined, is polyphyletic, with the type species as part of the trametoid clade and at least two additional lineages occurring in the core polyporoid clade. In view of these results the use of a single generic name ( Trametes ) for the trametoid clade is considered to be the best taxonomic and nomenclatural option as the morphological concept of Trametes would remain almost unchanged, few new nomenclatural combinations would be necessary, and the classification of additional species (i.e., not yet described and/or sampled for molecular data) in Trametes based on morphological characters alone will still be possible. Alternative scenarios to divide the trametoid clade in five or ten genera were considered but if any of these options were to be adopted morphological distinction of the segregated genera and the ascription of additional species to any of these genera would be very difficult and in some cases impossible. The genera Artolenzites, Coriolopsis (as currently typified), Coriolus, Cubamyces, Cyclomycetella, Lenzites, Poronidulus, Pseudotrametes and Pycnoporus are considered synonyms of Trametes .
A Low-Cost High-Gain Amplifier with Exceptional Noise Performance (1971)

A simply constructed and inexpensive amplifier that exhibits unusually low noise is described. The amplifier is particularly useful in applications which call for large amplifications of very low- level signals. When variable gain and filtering stages are added, the amplifier provides flexibility, convenience, and performance comparable to the finest commercial units.
Use of image processing for the measurement of orientation with application to automated fish processing (2002)

The authors examine the concept of the orientation of a 2D object from three points of view; a direct axis of geometric shape, the principal axis defined in terms of the principal second movements of area, and the major axis of the fundamental ellipse fitting the boundary of the object. The three methods are implemented on a vision workstation and applied to samples of Pacific salmon. The results are compared with direct measurement orientation. The three methods of orientation measurement are evaluated quantitatively using these results, with respect to accuracy, speed of measurement and appropriateness under various practical conditions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Action Identification in the Emergence of Social Behavior (1986)

Emergent action occurs when people find themselves doing something they did not set out to do. According to action identification theory, such action will ensue when people concentrate on the details of an act and then are exposed to information suggesting that the act can be identified in a new way. This prediction was tested in two experiments on the emergence of social behavior. In the first, subjects who identified the act of “participating in an experiment” in terms of its details were found to be more susceptible than others to suggestions that they were “helping” or “being selfish.” These subjects continued their emergent action by choosing to participate in subsequent activities consistent with the emergent act identity. The second experiment offered a bogus “computer personality analysis” to subjects, indicating that they were either cooperative or competitive. Those subjects who had initially described their behaviors for analysis at a detailed level, as compared to those who had described their behaviors at a comprehensive level were found to be more accepting of this feedback and more likely to volunteer for future activities consistent with the feedback.
Performance of Insurance Companies in India: A Comparison of Public and Private Insurers (2012)

Liberalization of the insurance market in India gave entry to many private insurers, resulting in drastic changes in respect to people’s choice of companies. With the expansion of the market, insurance penetration and density of the country are getting better, leading to a competition within the companies in terms of policies sold, collection of premium income, settlement of claims and others. Companies are employing different marketing channels, apart from the conventional channel of marketing through individual agents, to stay in the competition. The present paper is thus an attempt to highlight the performance of life insurance market in terms of different parameters, and also to throw light on the different marketing channels employed.
Comparisons of Cubed Ice, Crushed Ice, and Wetted Ice on Intramuscular and Surface Temperature Changes (2009)

As administered in our protocol, wetted ice was superior to cubed or crushed ice at reducing surface temperatures, whereas both cubed ice and wetted ice were superior to crushed ice at reducing intramuscular temperatures.
Bioactivity and mineralization of natural hydroxyapatite from cuttlefish bone and Bioglass ® co‐sintered bioceramics (2017)

In this study, bioactive hydroxyapatite (HAP)-based bioceramics starting from cuttlefish bone powders have been prepared and characterized. In particular, fragmented cuttlefish bone was co-sintered with 30 wt% of Bioglass<sup>®</sup> -45S5 to synthesize HAP-based powders with enhanced mechanical properties and bioactivity. Commercial synthetic HAP was treated following the same procedure and used as a reference. The structure and composition of the bioceramics formulations were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. After the thermal treatment of cuttlefish bone powder added with 30 wt% Bioglass, new phases with compositions of sodium calcium phosphate [Na<sub>3</sub> Ca<sub>6</sub> (PO<sub>4</sub> )<sub>5</sub> ], β-tricalcium phosphate [Ca<sub>3</sub> (PO<sub>4</sub> )] and amorphous silica were detected. In vitro cell culture studies were performed by evaluating proliferation, metabolic activity and differentiation of human osteoblast-like cells (MG63). Scaffolds made with cuttlefish bone powder exhibited increased apatite deposition, alkaline phosphatase activity and cell proliferation compared with commercial synthetic HAP. In addition, the ceramic compositions obtained after the combination with Bioglass<sup>®</sup> further enhanced the metabolic activity of MG63 cell and promoted the formation of a well-developed apatite layer after 7 days of incubation in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium.
Use of Positron Emission Tomography for Target Volume Definition (2009)

Accurate delineation of the gross tumour volume (GTV) in radiation therapy process is mandatory, especially when sophisticated techniques for radiotherapy delivery are used. Functional imaging, particularly PET and its fusion with anatomical modalities, such as PET/CT, promises to improve detection and characterization of disease. Quantitative accuracy in PET imaging is affected by several factors, which influence PET data so as to accurately delineate volume for radiotherapy planning purpose. Several strategies in using PET for target volume definition in radiotherapy treatment planning are being explored in the last years. In the present paper we give an overview of different techniques proposed to generate PET-based tumour volumes and the potential of their use in the radiation oncology process. Keywords: PET/CT, tumour volume, radiotherapy
Effect of inhA and katG on isoniazid resistance and virulence of Mycobacterium bovis (1995)

Isoniazid (INH) resistance of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex (MtbC) is associated with both loss of catalase activity and mutation of the inhA gene. However, the relative contributions of these changes to resistance and to the loss of virulence for guinea-pigs is unknown. In this study, a virulent strain of Mycobacterium bovis, a member of the MtbC, was exposed to increasing concentrations of INH. Two INH-resistant strains were produced which had lost catalase activity. Strain WAg405, which had a higher resistance to INH, also had a mutation in the inhA gene. This demonstrated that loss of catalase activity and mutation of inhA had a cumulative effect on INH resistance. When a functional katG gene was integrated into the genome of WAg405 the INH resistance was greatly reduced. This indicated that most of the resistance had been caused by loss of catalase activity. While the parent INH-sensitive strain was virulent for guinea-pigs, the INH-resistant strains were significantly less virulent. Integration of a functional katG gene into the most resistant strain restored full virulence. This clearly established that katG is a virulence factor for M. bovis and that mutation of the inhA gene has no effect on virulence.
Quality of Life Measures for Patients with Bilateral Cochlear Implants (2010)

It is well known from research that hearing difficulties can have an adverse effect on the social life of individuals, which in turn affects their quality of life. The current studies following one cochlear implant have shown improvements for users in social and emotional function, cognitive and communication function, and less depression. To date, most studies look at the impact of bilateral implants amongst adults has focused on speech perception and localization. The next important step appeared to be to investigate the quality of life of these patients after a second implant, to be able to advise future patients about realistic expectations. It could also help justify government expenditure on cochlear implants. There is no general consensus over a definition of quality of life, but the World Health Organization has defined quality of life as ‘The perception by individuals of their position in life, in the context of the culture and value systems in which they live and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards and concerns’. All the different definitions of quality of life agree on one thing — there is a multidimensional element to it. The four main aspects that need to be taken into consideration are:
Combined sensitivity to the neutrino mass ordering with JUNO, the IceCube Upgrade, and PINGU (2020)

The ordering of the neutrino mass eigenstates is one of the fundamental open questions in neutrino physics. While current-generation neutrino oscillation experiments are able to produce moderate indications on this ordering, upcoming experiments of the next generation aim to provide conclusive evidence. In this paper we study the combined performance of the two future multi-purpose neutrino oscillation experiments JUNO and the IceCube Upgrade, which employ two very distinct and complementary routes toward the neutrino mass ordering. The approach pursued by the 20 kt medium-baseline reactor neutrino experiment JUNO consists of a careful investigation of the energy spectrum of oscillated ¯ νe produced by ten nuclear reactor cores. The IceCube Upgrade, on the other hand, which consists of seven additional densely instrumented strings deployed in the center of IceCube DeepCore, will observe large numbers of atmospheric neutrinos that have undergone oscillations affected by Earth matter. In a joint fit with both approaches, tension occurs between their preferred mass-squared differences Δm 2 31=m 2 3−m 2 1 within the wrong mass ordering. In the case of JUNO and the IceCube Upgrade, this allows to exclude the wrong ordering at &gt;5σ on a timescale of 3–7 years—even under circumstances that are unfavorable to the experiments’ individual sensitivities. For PINGU, a 26-string detector array designed as a potential low-energy extension to IceCube, the inverted ordering could be excluded within 1.5 years (3 years for the normal ordering) in a joint analysis.
Hepatitis B virus X protein enhances NFκB activity through cooperating with VBP1 (2008)

Hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) is essential for hepatitis B virus infection and exerts a pleiotropic effect on various cellular machineries. HBx has been also demonstrated as an indirect transcriptional transactivator of various different viral and cellular promoters. In addition, HBx is involved in the development of various liver diseases including hepatocellular carcinoma. However the mechanism of HBx in hepatocellular carcinogenesis remains largely unknown. In this study, to identify possible new cellular proteins interacting with HBx, we carried out yeast two-hybrid assay. We obtained several possible cellular partners including VBP1, a binding factor for VHL tumor suppressor protein. The direct physical interaction between HBx and VBP1 in vitro and in vivo was confirmed by immunoprecipitation assay. In addition, we found that VBP1 facilitates HBx-induced NFkappaB activation and cell proliferation. These results implicate the important role of HBx in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma through its interaction with VBP1.
Addition reactions of (phenylsulfonyl)propadiene with 1-pyrrolidinyl enamines of cyclic ketones: syntheses and reactions of 1,3-dienes possessing an allyl sulfone moiety (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAddition reactions of (phenylsulfonyl)propadiene with 1-pyrrolidinyl enamines of cyclic ketones: syntheses and reactions of 1,3-dienes possessing an allyl sulfone moietyKenji Hayakawa, Makoto Takewaki, Ichiro Fujimoto, and Ken KanematsuCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 26, 5100–5105Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00376a009https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00376a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views982Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
A low-overhead coherence solution for multiprocessors with private cache memories (1984)

This paper presents a cache coherence solution for multiprocessors organized around a single time-shared bus. The solution aims at reducing bus traffic and hence bus wait time. This in turn increases the overall processor utilization. Unlike most traditional high-performance coherence solutions, this solution does not use any global tables. Furthermore, this coherence scheme is modular and easily extensible, requiring no modification of cache modules to add more processors to a system. The performance of this scheme is evaluated by using an approximate analysis method. It is shown that the performance of this scheme is closely tied with the miss ratio and the amount of sharing between processors.