gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Validation of a Multiplex Pneumococcal Serotyping Assay with Clinical Samples (2006)

We have recently developed a rapid pneumococcal serotyping method called "multibead assay" (J. Yu et al., J. Clin. Microbiol. 43:156-162, 2005) based on a multiplexed immunoassay for capsular polysaccharides in lysates of pneumococcal cultures. The multibead assay can identify 36 serotypes (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6A, 6B, 7A/7F, 8, 9L/9N, 9V, 10A/10B/39/33C, 11A/11D/11F, 12A/12B/12F, 14, 15B/5C, 17F, 18C, 19A, 19F, 20, 22A/22F, 23F, and 33A/33F). More than 90% of the U.S. isolates express one of these serotypes (J. B. Robbins et al., J. Infect. Dis. 148:1136-1159, 1983). To validate the new assay, we examined 495 clinical isolates of pneumococci obtained in Brazil, Denmark, and Mexico. Pneumococci were serotyped by the Neufeld test in their countries of origin, and lysates of each strain were coded and mailed to the United States for the multibead assay at ambient temperature without any thermal protection. After breaking the code, 54 discrepancies (11% of samples) were noted, but 46 were due to nonreproducible technical problems or insufficient growth of the pneumococci. All of the isolates grew well for a second test, and therefore, the culture medium used for the multibead assay is adequate. The discrepancies persisted for eight isolates, involving the 6A, 11A, and 18C serotypes. Additional studies of the eight isolates showed that the discrepancies were due to differences in the reagents used in the multibead or Neufeld tests for these three serotypes. For instance, five isolates were typed as 6A with the Neufeld test but as nontypeable by the multibead assay. Selection of another new monoclonal antibody (Hyp6AG1) for the multibead assay resulted in all five discrepant isolates typing as 6A. This finding indicates the validity of the multibead assay and emphasizes the need to validate any new pneumococcal serotyping assay with a large number of clinical isolates from different locations. It also suggests the presence of serological subtypes among isolates expressing the 6A serotype.
Allele Copy Number and Underlying Pathology Are Associated with Subclinical Severity in Equine Type 1 Polysaccharide Storage Myopathy (PSSM1) (2012)

Equine type 1 polysaccharide storage myopathy (PSSM1), a common glycogenosis associated with an R309H founder mutation in the glycogen synthase 1 gene (GYS1), shares pathological features with several human myopathies. In common with related human disorders, the pathogenesis remains unclear in particular, the marked phenotypic variability between affected animals. Given that affected animals accumulate glycogen and alpha-crystalline polysaccharide within their muscles, it is possible that physical disruption associated with the presence of this material could exacerbate the phenotype. The aim of this study was to compare the histopathological changes in horses with PSSM1, and specifically, to investigate the hypothesis that the severity of underlying pathology, (e.g. vacuolation and inclusion formation) would (1) be higher in homozygotes than heterozygotes and (2) correlate with clinical severity. Resting and post-exercise plasma creatine kinase (CK) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) enzyme activity measurements and muscle pathology were assessed in matched cohorts of PSSM1 homozygotes, heterozygotes or control horses. Median (interquartile range (IR)) resting CK activities were 364 (332-764) U/L for homozygotes, 301 (222-377) U/L for heterozygotes and 260 (216-320) U/L for controls, and mean (+/- SD) AST activity for homozygotes were 502 (+/116) U/L, for heterozygotes, 357 (+/-92) U/L and for controls, 311 (+/-64) U/L and were significantly different between groups (P = 0.04 and P = 0.01 respectively). Resting plasma AST activity was significantly associated with the severity of subsarcolemmal vacuolation (rho = 0.816; P = 0.01) and cytoplasmic inclusions (rho = 0.766; P = 0.01). There were fewer type 2× and more type 2a muscle fibres in PSSM1-affected horses. Our results indicate that PSSM1 has incomplete dominance. Furthermore, the association between plasma muscle enzyme activity and severity of underlying pathology suggests that physical disruption of myofibres may contribute to the myopathic phenotype. This work provides insight into PSSM1 pathogenesis and has implications for related human glycogenoses.
Wrinkle Recovery via Cellulose-Glycidol Vapor-Phase Reactions (1976)

Glycidol vapor was reacted with unmodified cotton, carboxymethylated (CM) cotton, diethylaminoethylated (DEAE) cotton, and aminized cotton in a heated vacuum oven. The glycidol was either reagent grade or was generated during the reaction by heating glycerine carbonate or a mixture of propylene carbonate and glycerine. Both wet and conditioned (dry) wrinkle recoveries of CM or DEAE cottons were substantially improved.
Advanced Nozzle Testing in Flight Conditions (2006)

The development of advanced nozzles for main stage engines is one of the potential to increase the performance of a launcher. The transition from sea level conditions at the launch pad up to high altitude conditions during flight requires special nozzles designs for maximum thrust. To test advanced nozzles the flight conditions has to be simulated. There is a project in cooperation between the Engineering and the Research department at DLR test center for advanced altitude simulation with flight like test conditions. The objective is to develop the necessary technologies primarily for the verification of nozzles loads and flow conditions. Main requests are simulation of the thermal loads by hot gas, variable and adjustable ambient pressure and the surrounding flow conditions.
Multiphonon relaxation in laser materials and applications to the design of quantum electronic devices (1968)

An account is given of the results of a recent investigation of multiphonon orbit-lattice relaxation of excited states of rare-earth ions in crystals. The use of these results in the design of quantum electronic devices is discussed, using as examples the Nd <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> laser transition and a 10.6-μ infrared quantum counter. A discussion is presented of the infrared limit of quantum electronic devices using these materials. Extension of these concepts to transition-metal ions in crystals is considered and a measurement of <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">E</tex> to <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">E</tex> multiphonon decay in Al <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> : V <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> is presented.
The perception of the low-high (LH) tonal sequence (1989)

It has been reported that the primary cue for the HL tonal perception in Japanese is not the actual F0 peak location but rather a falling F0 contour. The F0 fall may be significantly delayed, resulting in the F0 peak within the L-toned syllable. Furthermore, it was found earlier that (1) the later the F0 fall in the L-toned syllable, the steeper the fall rate required and (2) the fall must begin within the first two-thirds of the duration of the vowel in the L-toned syllable. The present experiment investigates whether a lack of synchronization between F0 change and syllable boundary can be found in the perception of the LH as well. Synthesized nonsense words/mamama/were prepared in such a way that both the onset of F0 rise and the F0 peak occur at various locations, while maintaining the overall F0 contour (level-rise-peak-slight fall). The stimuli were presented to native speakers of Japanese to determine the boundary between the categorical perception of LHH and LLH. The results show that the LH sequence is more constrained than the HL in terms of temporal alignment of F0 change and the syllable boundary.
A novel method of CD34+ cell separation from umbilical cord blood (2013)

Achieving approximately 5% CD34+ cell yields from single UCB donations, a major advance, holds great promise for CD34+ cell therapy of adults and larger children, and cheaper cultured RBC manufacture.
Stapedius reflex evoked in free sound field in cochlear implant users compared to normal-hearing listeners (2021)

The found correlation may be a guideline for adjusting the electrical dynamic range during cochlear implant fitting. This allows the implant system to mimic the natural reflex behaviour in the best possible way and potentially avoid overstimulation.
Metabolomic studies on Isatis tinctoria - Comparison of different origins, harvesting dates, and the effect of repeated harvesting (2013)

Isatis tinctoria (Brassicaceae) is an ancient dye and medicinal plant with potent anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic properties [1]. We investigated metabolic differences by NMR spectroscopy of plants grown under identical conditions on experimental plots at the Agricultural Field Station of Thuringia in Dornburg, Germany. Comparisons were carried out for plants of different geographic origins, different harvesting dates, and between single and repeatedly harvested plants. For the study, plants of six origins were compared, and they were harvested at six time points. In addition, the effect of repeated harvesting was investigated.
Numerical modeling of fabric vertical flame testing: Textile samples (2016)

The advantage of utilizing modeling to study fire performance of textiles is the ability to conduct detailed studies of the effect of fabric characteristics on flame spread. First, two textile materials are chosen for modeling that exhibit two limit cases: complete flame spread (nylon 6,6/cotton fiber fabric) and self-extinguish (flame retardant rayon/nylon 6,6/para-aramid fiber fabric) in the standard vertical flame test (ASTM D6413). Parameter estimation for unknown model parameters is performed for these samples followed by a sensitivity analysis. Then a new sample is modeled—flame retardant cotton fiber fabric, flame retardant cotton. This modeling exercise shows that computational fluid dynamics modeling is capable of capturing the fire characteristics of different fabric samples in the vertical flame test only when the parameters are carefully estimated considering the modeling assumptions and approaches. Additionally, several areas for further investigation are proposed to improve simulation capability when conducting vertical flame test modeling with textile samples.
4-(p-Hydroxyphenyl)-hexahydroacetophenone and Homologs (1945)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT4-(p-Hydroxyphenyl)-hexahydroacetophenone and HomologsWilliam S. Johnson and Robert D. OffenhauerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1945, 67, 7, 1045–1049Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1945Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1945https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01223a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01223a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views194Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Replication Data for: Terahertz sensing of 7 nm dielectric film with bound states in the continuum metasurfaces (2020)

The fingerprint spectral response of several materials with terahertz electromagnetic radiation indicates that terahertz technology is an effective tool for sensing applications. However, sensing few nanometer thin-films of dielectrics with much longer terahertz waves (1 THz = 0.3 mm) is challenging. Here, we demonstrate a quasibound state in the continuum (BIC) resonance for sensing of a nanometer scale thin analyte deposited on a flexible metasurface. The large sensitivity originates from the strong local field confinement of the quasi-BIC Fano resonance state and extremely low absorption loss of a low-index cyclic olefin copolymer substrate. A minimum thickness of 7 nm thin-film of germanium is sensed on the metasurface, which corresponds to a deep subwavelength scale of λ/43 000, where λ is the resonance wavelength. The low-loss, flexible, and large mechanical strength of the quasi-BIC microstructured metamaterial sensor could be an ideal platform for developing ultrasensitive wearable terahertz sensors.
Early and late changes in fasting and absorptive plasma amino acids and ammonia after distal splenorenal shunt in cirrhosis (1994)

Levels of plasma amino acids, ammonia, glucagon and insulin and their 5-hr responses to a protein feeding were evaluated before and sequentially (3 mo and 1 yr) after distal splenorenal shunt in 10 patients with cirrhosis belonging to Child-Pugh's class A or B. An index of glucagon effectiveness (plasma glucose/glucagon) was also calculated. These parameters were related to liver test results, portal vein diameter and mental state, and they were compared with those found in seven patients undergoing sclerotherapy of esophageal varices with comparable liver function (control group). Liver test results and levels of plasma insulin did not change in either group. Shunt significantly increased levels of fasting tyrosine, methionine, ornithine, arginine, histidine, ammonia and glucagon with respect to the control group; it also significantly decreased levels of leucine, valine, glucagon effectiveness and portal vein diameter. The elevation of levels of tyrosine, ammonia and the sum of arginine and ornithine was correlated directly with the increase in glucagon and inversely with the decline in glucagon effectiveness. Tyrosine increase was also correlated with the reduction of portal vein diameter. One shunted patient showed mild hepatic encephalopathy. Protein feeding did not worsen the mental state of patients before and after the operation. Surgery significantly increased the 5-hr response to the meal of gluconeogenic amino acids; its rise was again correlated with the changes in glucagon plasma levels and effectiveness. Although the absorptive levels of plasma ammonia were significantly higher 1 yr after surgery, its 5-hr response barely rose. In cirrhotic patients with a relatively preserved liver function, distal splenorenal shunt progressively worsened the fasting plasma profile of nitrogen compounds and the response to protein ingestion of gluconeogenic amino acids. The decline of portal blood flow and glucagon effectiveness may be causal factors. Despite this, the "cerebral" tolerance to a moderate oral load of protein was not reduced by surgery.
The accuracy of image analysis methods in spur gear metrology (1995)

This paper describes the design of an involute spur gear inspection system in which measurements are made using a video camera and image analysis software. The measurement accuracy possible using low-cost CCTV cameras is investigated, and the possible sources of error identified. It is concluded that the measurement accuracy is comparable to that of current methods for tolerance inspection of spur gears and the low cost and ease of use make image analysis measurement systems an attractive alternative.
Nanomaterials-Based Electrochromics for Paper-Quality Displays (2002)

Electrochromic displays based on nanostructured films modified with electrochromophores are capable of becoming high quality paper-like displays due to their excellent ink-on-paper optical qualities, fast response times, and low power consuming features. The nanostructured films are composed of nanoparticles of a semiconductor, e.g., TiO2 and other doped metal oxides. The high coloration efficiencies of these devices is due to the use of organic chromophores and the amplification of the color change due to the extremely high surface area of the nanostructured film they are bound to.
A Multi-Index Fusion Clustering Strategy for Traffic Flow State Identification (2019)

This paper attempts to improve the identification accuracy of traffic flow states, and disclose the impacts of different evaluation indices on the identification results. To this end, a multi-index fusion clustering strategy is proposed in this research. Firstly, flow, velocity and occupancy were selected as the evaluation indices. Then, the weights of the three indices were initialized by a group of experts. After that, the objective function of a weight optimization model was set up to maximize the distance between projection centers of samples under different traffic flow states and to minimize the projection variance between samples under the same traffic flow state. The model was solved by the method of Lagrange multipliers, producing the optimal weight combination. Then, the optimal weights were introduced to the fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering, forming the multi-index fusion clustering method. The results of example analysis show that our method differentiated between traffic flow states more accurately than the original FCM clustering. And the traffic flow identification accuracy improved from 94.0% to 96.6%. This is because the improved method retains most of the original features of the evaluation indices, which further facilitates the accurate clustering of traffic flow states.
Data from T-Cell Infiltration and Adaptive Treg Resistance in Response to Androgen Deprivation With or Without Vaccination in Localized Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;Previous studies suggest that androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) promotes antitumor immunity in prostate cancer. Whether a vaccine-based approach can augment this effect remains unknown.&lt;/p&gt;Patients and Methods:&lt;p&gt;We conducted a neoadjuvant, randomized study to quantify the immunologic effects of a GM-CSF–secreting allogeneic cellular vaccine in combination with low-dose cyclophosphamide (Cy/GVAX) followed by degarelix versus degarelix alone in patients with high-risk localized prostate adenocarcinoma who were planned for radical prostatectomy.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;Both Cy/GVAX plus degarelix and degarelix alone led to significant increases in intratumoral CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T-cell infiltration and PD-L1 expression as compared with a cohort of untreated, matched controls. However, the CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T-cell infiltrate was accompanied by a proportional increase in regulatory T cells (Treg), suggesting that adaptive Treg resistance may dampen the immunogenicity of ADT. Although Cy/GVAX followed by degarelix was associated with a modest improvement in time-to-PSA progression and time-to-next treatment, as well as an increase in PD-L1, there was no difference in the CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T-cell infiltrate as compared with degarelix alone. Gene expression profiling demonstrated that &lt;i&gt;CHIT1&lt;/i&gt;, a macrophage marker, was differentially upregulated with Cy/GVAX plus degarelix compared with degarelix alone.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;Our results highlight that ADT with or without Cy/GVAX induces a complex immune response within the prostate tumor microenvironment. These data have important implications for combining ADT with immunotherapy. In particular, our finding that ADT increases both CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cells and Tregs supports the development of regimens combining ADT with Treg-depleting agents in the treatment of prostate cancer.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Ifosfamide and mesna: marginally active in patients with advanced carcinoma of the pancreas. (1988)

Ifosfamide, an analogue of cyclophosphamide, has therapeutic activity against a wide variety of human malignancies. In a phase II trial in carcinoma of the pancreas, we treated 31 patients who had not received prior chemotherapy with a median ifosfamide dose of 2 g/m2/d (range, 1.5 to 2 g/m2/d) administered intravenously (IV) over one hour for five consecutive days every 3 weeks. 2-mercaptoethane sulphonate (mesna), an acrolein antagonist with known uroendothelial protective properties, was administered IV at a dose of 400 mg/m2 over 15 minutes before the daily dose of ifosfamide and repeated every four hours for two additional doses. Among 30 evaluable patients, one patient achieved a complete remission (26+ months) and another patient had a partial remission (4 months). The median duration of survival of all patients from the start of ifosfamide therapy was only 3 months (range, 1 to 26+ months). Treatments were generally well tolerated. The most common toxic effects included granulocytopenia, nausea and vomiting, malaise, anorexia, and mild hematuria. Mesna offers an adequate protection against uroendothelial injury caused by ifosfamide. Despite the previously reported response rate of greater than 20% at the same or lower doses of ifosfamide in other studies, our data suggest that ifosfamide is only marginally active against cancer of the pancreas and appears to be of minimal value in the treatment of patients with this tumor.
Trusted declassification: (2006)

Security-typed languages promise to be a powerful tool with which provably secure software applications may be developed. Programs written in these languages enforce a strong, global policy of noninterferencewhich ensures that high-security data will not be observable on low-security channels. Because noninterference is typically too strong a property, most programs use some form of declassification to selectively leak high security information, e.g. when performing a password check or data encryption. Unfortunately, such a declassification is often expressed as an operation within a given program, rather than as part of a global policy, making reasoning about the security implications of a policy more difficult.In this paper, we propose a simple idea we call trusted declassification in which special declassifier functions are specified as part of the global policy. In particular, individual principals declaratively specify which declassifiers they trust so that all information flows implied by the policy can be reasoned about in absence of a particular program. We formalize our approach for a Java-like language and prove a modified form of noninterference which we call noninterference modulo trusted methods. We have implemented our approach as an extension to Jif and provide some of our experience using it to build a secure e-mail client.