gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A view of 20th and 21st century software engineering (2006)

George Santayana's statement, "Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it," is only half true. The past also includes successful histories. If you haven't been made aware of them, you're often condemned not to repeat their successes.In a rapidly expanding field such as software engineering, this happens a lot. Extensive studies of many software projects such as the Standish Reports offer convincing evidence that many projects fail to repeat past successes.This paper tries to identify at least some of the major past software experiences that were well worth repeating, and some that were not. It also tries to identify underlying phenomena influencing the evolution of software engineering practices that have at least helped the author appreciate how our field has gotten to where it has been and where it is.A counterpart Santayana-like statement about the past and future might say, "In an era of rapid change, those who repeat the past are condemned to a bleak future." (Think about the dinosaurs, and think carefully about software engineering maturity models that emphasize repeatability.)This paper also tries to identify some of the major sources of change that will affect software engineering practices in the next couple of decades, and identifies some strategies for assessing and adapting to these sources of change. It also makes some first steps towards distinguishing relatively timeless software engineering principles that are risky not to repeat, and conditions of change under which aging practices will become increasingly risky to repeat.
Characterisation and distribution of epidermal growth factor receptors in equine hoof wall laminar tissue: comparison of normal horses and horses affected with chronic laminitis (1991)

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors were detected in plasma membrane preparations of equine hoof wall laminar tissue at concentrations comparable to that of equine liver. Scatchard analysis of the equilibrium binding data suggested the presence of two classes of EGF binding sites in most of the controls (plasma membranes from clinically normal horses); a high-affinity class and a more numerous low-affinity class. The dissociation constant of the low-affinity class of EGF-specific receptors (KD = 1 x 10(-9)M) is in reasonable agreement with other values established for the EGF receptor. The variability between individual estimates for the KD of the high-affinity receptor class precluded an accurate estimate for those sites. A possible explanation is discussed. The high-affinity binding sites were uniformly absent in plasma membranes prepared from horses affected by chronic laminitis. Autoradiographic analysis localised the EGF receptors primarily to the secondary epidermal laminae, with an apparent greater density over the proliferative basal keratinocytes. Little label was associated with the dermal or the keratinised primary epidermal laminae. Tissue from horses with chronic laminitis had EGF receptors located uniformly over the hyperplastic epidermal keratinocytes. These data suggest that an EGF-mediated response may be involved in the hyperproliferative response that is characteristic of chronic laminitis.
Supplementary Figure 4 from p53–Pirh2 Complex Promotes Twist1 Degradation and Inhibits EMT (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Expression of p53-associated E3 ligase in cancer cell lines. (A) RNA expression of MDM2, Pirh2, and E6-AP1, and TOPORS assessed by QPCR in R182 (p53high/Twist-) and Tara R182 (p53low/Twist+) cells. GADPH was used as reference gene. (B) Protein expression of Pirh2 assessed by Western blot. Î²-actin was used as loading control.&lt;/p&gt;
Modeling virtualized application performance from hypervisor counters (2011)

Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2011.
HOUSE-MOVING (2014)

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Electrophoretic Mobility Of Soft Particles (2016)

Theoretical and experimental aspects of the electrophoretic mobility of soft particles, that is, hard particles covered with an ion-penetrable surface layer of polyelectrolytes, are reviewed. The electrophoresis behaviors of soft particles are quite different from those of hard particles without surface structures in that the electrophoretic mobility of hard particles is characterized by the particle zeta-potential but the concept of zeta-potential loses its meaning for soft particles, and the Donnan potential in the surface layer of soft particles plays an essential role in determining the electrophoresis behavior of soft particles.
ChemInform Abstract: Scalable Synthesis and Device Integration of Self‐Registered One‐Dimensional Zinc Oxide Nanostructures and Related Materials (2013)

Abstract Review: 161 refs.
Sciatic Nerve Monitoring in Acetabular Surgeries (1995)

.Surgical repair of acetabular fractures puts the sciatic nerve at risk for iatrogenic injury. The status of the sciatic nerve can be effectively monitored with somatosensory evoked responses to peroneal and posterior tibial stimulation. The most stable response for monitoring is measured at T12. The unaffected leg can serve as the control with the interlimb amplitude ratio providing a sensitive measure of nerve function. In 88 consecutive cases we monitored, 55 had one or more interventions based on evoked potential findings. Of these 55 patients, 14 had electrophysiologic changes that did not recover to baseline and 41 had full recovery following each intervention. Yet only two patients demonstrated a new sciatic nerve postoperatively.
Study of Microscopic Structure of Ga Added Neodymium Magnet Alloy (2014)

R–Fe–B type strip-cast (SC) alloys containing trace amounts of Ga were prepared with different cooling rates and their microstructures have been investigated in details using TOF–SIMS, FE–EPMA, HR–TEM and EDS. Ga was confirmed to be distributed in R2Fe14B matrix phase and R–rich boundary phase and had a tendency to segregate as a R–rich boundary phase with Al and Cu. This tendency was enhanced with decreasing SC cooling rate. Ga–rich amorphous-phase containing Al and Cu was observed in the alloy prepared with a slower cooling rate, coexisting with other crystalline phase. Ga distribution in R–rich boundary phase may be controlled by optimizing SC conditions.
Bile acids induce CCN2 production through p38 MAP kinase activation in human bronchial epithelial cells: A factor contributing to airway fibrosis (2008)

Early intervention to stop these processes may be useful in preventing fibrogenesis in chronic airway diseases associated with bile acid exposure.
Friend recommendations in social networks using genetic algorithms and network topology (2011)

Social networking sites employ recommendation systems in contribution to providing better user experiences. The complexity in developing recommendation systems is largely due to the heterogeneous nature of social networks. This paper presents an approach to friend recommendation systems by using complex network theory, cognitive theory and a Pareto>optimal genetic algorithm in a two>step approach to provide quality, friend recommendations while simultaneously determining an individual's perception of friendship. Our research emphasizes that by combining network topology and genetic algorithms, better recommendations can be achieved compared to each individual counterpart. We test our approach on 1,200 Facebook users in which we observe the combined method to outper> form purely social or purely network>based approaches. Our preliminary results represent strong potential for developing link recommendation systems using this combined approach of personal interests and the underlying network.
Frequency-and-polarization-controllable High-power THz Wave Generation Using Organic Nonlinear Optical Crystal (2019)

Arbitrary control of high-power THz polarization and frequency is studied by the numerical calculation based on the coupled wave approach. THz wave generation using organic crystals via optical rectification provides high conversion efficiency. To overcome the limitation of the generated THz field direction which comes from their optical anisotropy, we propose the synthesis of THz wave generated from two crystals whose optical axis are orthogonal each other. By the calculation, the linearly and circularly polarized THz wave generation by changing the time delay of two pump pulses is demonstrated.
SuperCloud (2013)

Today, Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) cloud providers such as Amazon's Elastic Compute Engine (EC2), Google's Compute Engine, and Microsoft's Azure offer elastic and isolated compute resources via virtualization and users often choose one of these providers based on price, locality, performance, and features. Typically, a user will choose the same provider for computation and storage to minimize latency and networking costs. Unfortunately, it can be difficult to switch providers once one is selected due to vendor lock-in [2].
Computational Analysis of Protein Hotspots (2010)

Mapping protein hotspots and analysis of the binding free energy associated with each hotspot can provide critical information for drug design. In the present study, we have performed computational analysis for the two known hotspots in thermolysin. Our data showed that the free energy double-decoupling method can determine the binding free energy of different probe molecules associated with the same hotspot or different hotspots with the same probe molecule. The less expensive cosolvent mapping method can be used to readily identify known protein hotspots without prior knowledge and also provide a good estimate of the binding free energy, as compared to the more expensive free energy double-decoupling method. Hence, the combination of the cosolvent mapping method to identify potential protein hotspots followed by more rigorous calculation of the binding free energy associated with each hotspot using the double-decoupling method can provide very useful information for drug design.
Chest-Worn Heart Rate Variability Monitor With a Self-Injection-Locked Oscillator Tag (2022)

This article presents a chest-worn device for monitoring the heart rate variability (HRV) of a person in motion without direct contact with the skin. The device operates at 5.8 GHz and mainly consists of a self-injection-locked oscillator (SILO) and a tag antenna. The device transmits the output signal of an SILO that is frequency-modulated (FM) by the Doppler effect of the physiological movement of the chest via the tag antenna to a remote FM receiver. Accordingly, the heartbeat is detected and the HRV can be estimated. The tag antenna comprises a circularly polarized ring slot antenna and a split-ring resonator (SRR) array in stack to enhance sensing directivity while reducing the moving clutter in the joint sensing and transmission process. For validation, an HRV monitoring system was developed, based on the proposed device, to detect the cardiac intervals of a wearer who performs various activities, including walking and running. The results thus obtained agree closely with electrocardiogram (ECG) measurements.
Supplementary Figure S1 from Diverse Targets of β-Catenin during the Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition Define Cancer Stem Cells and Predict Disease Relapse (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S1: Functional fractionation of cancer cells by invasive assays.&lt;/p&gt;
Synthesis and Phenotypic Screening of a Guanine‐Mimetic Library (2004)

Going for guanine. We have synthesized a split-pool library of guanine-mimetics. Phenotypic screening of this library in mammalian tissue culture cells by fluorescence microscopy revealed several unique bioactive compounds, see scheme.
Infrared measurement and irradiation of ultra low carbon concentration silicon crystal (2012)

Abstract Vacancy‐interstitial‐oxygen‐carbon (VIOC) complexes induced by electron irradiation in ultra‐low and low carbon content (well below and around 10 15 /cm 3 ) CZ silicon crystals were examined by highly sensitive infrared (IR) absorption spectroscopy at RT. Absorption lines of peak absorbance down to 5x10 ‐6 were successfully delineated. Dose dependence and annealing temperature dependence were systematically investigated. Both major and minor groups were detected. Increase, saturation and decrease for the dose increase is mainly due to the chain reaction. Order estimate of complex concentration was performed. In addition to the established advantage of IR such as wide applicability to all complexes, reliable assignment and insensitivity to coexisting defects, high sensitivity down to 5x10 12 /cm 3 was established. The problem of measuring carbon substitutional (C s ) concentration was discussed and reduction of [C s ] in the reference material by irradiation is demonstrated. These techniques will provide reliable measurement of oxygen, and nitrogen also and tool for analysis of the infrared defect dynamics in growing silicon crystals. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
FGF 10 and Sprouty 2 modulate trophoblast invasion and branching morphogenesis (2007)

Branching morphogenesis (BM) of the chorionic villous tree is a crucial component of early placental formation. Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), their receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) and negative regulators like Sprouty (Spry) proteins are pivotal factors in the development of diverse branching organ systems. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of FGF10 and Sprouty 2 on BM of the chorionic villi in vitro. Villous explants of first trimester placentas were cultured and their outgrowths were monitored. The effect of FGF10 was tested on matrigel migration/invasion assay, collagenolytic activity of single cell trophoblasts and on villous explants outgrowths. siRNA of Spry2 was used to reduce its expression and to investigate the role of Sprouty 2 in villous explants outgrowths. Quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry were performed to determine Sprouty 2 and HLA-G (a marker of invasion) expression. FGF 10 stimulated by 8-fold the migration/invasion of single cell trophoblast enhanced their collagenolytic activity. Reduction of Spry2 expression in villous explants showed a marked increase in villous outgrowths. This was accompanied by enhanced staining for HLA-G and by the reduction of Spry2 expression that was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and by quantitative RT-PCR. We conclude that trophoblast outgrowth and invasion (part of placental villi sprouting) at the fetal maternal interface is in part under delicate control of FGF 10 and Sprouty 2. FGF 10 promotes invasion and outgrowth of trophoblasts. In addition, it increases Spry2 expression, which attenuates trophoblast sprouting.
Intermediate molecular weight eosinophil chemotactic factors in rat peritoneal mast cells: immunologic release, granule association, and demostration of structura heterogeneity. (1978)

Previously uncharacterized eosinophil chemotactic activity of apparent m.w. 1500 to 2500 by Sephadex G-25 gel filtration was present preformed in rat peritoneal mast cells, was associated with the mast cell granules, and was released by challenge of the mast cells with rabbit anti-rat F(ab′) 2 antiserum. Further purification of this activity by Dowex-1 chromatography revealed two peaks of eosinophil chemotactic activity eluting at pH 5.4 to 4.4 and pH 3.1 to 2.1, respectively. On Sephadex G-50 gel filtration both activities filtered just behind the α chain of insulin (m.w. 2540). The more acidic material gave a major peak of eosinophil chemotactic activity on high pressure liquid chromatography whereas the less acidic material separated into two equal peaks of eosinophil chemotactic activity of different hydrophobicity. Both the less acidic and the more acidic intermediate m.w. activities required a concentration gradient for expression of eosinophil chemotactic activity and were capable of rendering eosinophils unresponsive to homologous or heterologous chemotactic stimuli. Checkerboard assays of the more acidic factor over a range of concentrations did not reveal chemokinetic activity in the chemotactic dose-range and neither the more acidic nor the less acidic factors enhanced the spontaneous migration of eosinophils when placed on the cell side alone of the chemotactic chamber. The mast cell serves as a source of several eosinophil chemotactic factors differing in size and charge, which could possibly stabilize the chemotactic gradient and sustain an influx of eosinophils to the site of mast cell activation.
Wiener Filter and Deep Neural Networks: A Well-Balanced Pair for Speech Enhancement (2022)

This paper proposes a Deep Learning (DL) based Wiener filter estimator for speech enhancement in the framework of the classical spectral-domain speech estimator algorithm. According to the characteristics of the intermediate steps of the speech enhancement algorithm, i.e., the SNR estimation and the gain function, there is determined the best usage of the network at learning a robust instance of the Wiener filter estimator. Experiments show that the use of data-driven learning of the SNR estimator provides robustness to the statistical-based speech estimator algorithm and achieves performance on the state-of-the-art. Several objective quality metrics show the performance of the speech enhancement and beyond them, there are examples of noisy vs. enhanced speech available for listening to demonstrate in practice the skills of the method in simulated and real audio.
Fabrication of lipophilic gold nanoparticles for studying lipids by surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) (2014)

A simple fabrication method for preparing lipophilic gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) suitable for use as substrates in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) applications of lipids was developed. The AuNPs were shown to be dispersible within lipid phases, where they greatly increased the SERS signals of lipids.
Numerical calculation of microsegregation in coarsened dendritic microstructures (1986)

AbstractAbstractAn earlier procedure for calculating homogenization during the solidification of binary alloys is extended to include more realistic assumptions for dendrite arm coarsening kinetics and the partition coefficient. Dendrite coarsening is shown to follow the usual exponential function which differs from that relating final dendrite arm spacing λf to local solidification time. This function is not sensitive to the assumption for the partition coefficient or the choice of initial spacing (between λ0 = 0 and λf/2). The homogenization parameter H (normalized difference between the minimum possible concentration and the actual minimum concentration in the centre of the dendrite arm) changes only slightly with the partition coefficient. With the average coarsening parameter used by earlier authors, homogenization is overestimated and a lower amount of the non-equilibrium phase is obtained. The experimental data available for Al–Cu alloys in the range 2–20 wt-% Cu are very closely predicted by the numerical procedure used here.MST/435
Determination of relevant compounds in Ademetionine 1,4-butanadisulfonate by HPLC (2007)

Objective To establish an HPLC method for determination of compound relevant to ademetionine 1,4-butanadisulfonate. Methods Agilent C18 column was used and ammonium formate solution and methsnol in the ratios of 85:15 as mobile phase. The flow rate was 1ml·min-1. The detection wavelength was 258nm. Results There were good linear relationship within the range of 1.972～9.860μg/ml-1、2.024～10.12μg/ml-1、8.768～43.840μg/ml-1. The minimal detectable concentrations were 0.010μg/ml-1、0.014μg/ml-1、0.219μg/ml-1 and the precision were excellent. The average recovery were 99.2%、100.7%、101.3%,RSD=1.50%、2.0%、2.6%(n=9). Conclusion HPLC is simple and accurate in determination of compound relevant to ademetionine 1,4-butanadisulfonate.
The unique N terminus of the herpes simplex virus type 1 large subunit is not required for ribonucleotide reductase activity (1992)

Using purified bacterially expressed herpes simplex virus type 1 ribonucleotide reductase large subunit (R1) and the proteolytic enzymes chymotrypsin and trypsin, we have generated stable N-terminal truncations. Chymotrypsin removes 246 amino acids from the amino terminus to produce a fragment (dN246R1) which retains full enzymic activity and affinity for the small subunit (R2). Treatment of R1 with trypsin produces a 120K protein and a cleavage at amino acid residue 305 to produce a fragment (dN305R1) which remains associated with a 33K N-terminal polypeptide. Although this 33K-dN305R1 complex retains full binding affinity for R2 its reductase activity is reduced by approximately 50%. Increasing the concentration of trypsin removes the 33K N-terminal polypeptide resulting in dN305R1 which, when bound to R2, has full ribonucleotide reductase activity. Like R1, dN246R1 and dN305R1 each exist as dimers showing that the first 305 amino acids of R1 are not necessary for dimer formation. These results indicate that, in structural studies of subunit interaction, dN246R1 or dN305R1 can be considered as suitable replacements for intact R1.
Dynamics of Li4Ti5O12/sulfone-based electrolyte interfaces in lithium-ion batteries (2014)

Binary mixtures of cyclic (TMS) or acyclic sulfones (MIS, EIS and EMS) with EMC or DMC have been used in electrolytes containing LiPF6 (1 M) in both Li4Ti5O12/Li half-cells and Li4+xTi5O12/Li4Ti5O12 symmetric cells and compared with standard EC/EMC or EC/DMC mixtures. In half-cells, sulfone-based electrolytes cannot be satisfactorily cycled owing to the formation of a resistive layer at the lithium interface, which is not stable and generates species (RSO2(-) and RSO3(-)) able to migrate toward the titanate electrode interface. Potentiostatic and galvanostatic tests of Li4Ti5O12/Li half-cells show that charge transfer resistance increases drastically when sulfones are used in the electrolyte composition. Moreover, cyclability and coulombic efficiency are low. Conversely, when symmetric Li4+xTi5O12/Li4Ti5O12 cells are used, it is demonstrated that MIS-(methyl isopropyl sulfone) and TMS-(tetra methyl sulfone) based electrolytes exhibit reasonable electrochemical performances as compared to the EC/DMC or EC/EMC standard mixtures. Surface analysis by XPS of both the Li4+xTi5O12 (partially oxidized) and Li7Ti5O12 (reduced) electrodes taken from symmetric cells reveals that sulfones do not participate in the formation of surface layers. Alkylcarbonates (EMC or DMC), used as co-solvents in sulfone-based binary electrolytes, ensure the formation of surface layers at the titanate interfaces. Therefore, EMC reduction at the two Li4+xTi5O12/electrolyte interfaces in symmetric cells leads to the formation of carbonates, ethers and mineral compounds such as ROCO2Li and Li2CO3. Finally, huge amounts of LiF are detected at the titanate electrode surface, resulting in an increase in the resistivity of symmetric cells and capacity losses.
DNA Metastability and Biological Regulation:  Conformational Dynamics of Metastable Ω-DNA Bulge Loops (2007)

Dynamic interchange between DNA conformations, including metastable states, can be of importance to biological function. In this study, we use a combination of spectroscopic and calorimetric techniques to detect and characterize kinetically trapped, metastable states in strand exchange and strand displacement reactions for bulge loop DNA conformations, here referred to as Omega-DNAs. We show that such metastable, Omega-DNA bulge loop states can stably coexist below 50 degrees C, while rearranging irreversibly at elevated temperatures to thermodynamically more stable states. Such dynamic interchange between metastable and globally stable DNA conformational states can be of importance in biological regulatory mechanisms.