gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Characterisation and Applications of Novel Ionic Liquids. (2006)

A series of novel phosphinate-based ionic liquids have been synthesised using various organic phosphorus acids, such as mono-n-octylphosphinic acid (octylPO₂H₂), mono-n-hexylphosphinic acid (hexylPO₂H₂), di-n-octylphosphinic acid ((octyl)₂PO₂H), di-n-hexylphosphinic acid ((hexyl)₂PO₂H) and bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid ((TMP)₂PO₂H), by reaction with tetrabutylphosphonium hydroxide (Bu₄POH), tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (Bu₄NOH), pyridine (py) and triethylamine (Et₃N). Reactions simply involve neutralizing the organophosphorus acids with bases. The only byproduct, water, and excess amine, py/Et₃N can be easily removed under vacuum (Chapter 2).&#13;\nSome of the physical and chemical properties of these ionic liquids have been characterized by NMR, ES-MS, TGA, UV-Visible spectroscopy etc. The formed tetraalkylphosphonium/tetraalkylammonium phosphinate ionic liquids are viscous, hygroscopic liquids, but are more thermally stable than trialkylammonium and pyridinium analogues. For example, for the most stable ionic liquid, [Bu₄P][(octyl)₂PO₂], its onset temperature of decomposition in thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) is 358 °C (Chapter 2).&#13;\nOne of the applications of these novel phosphinate-based ionic liquids has been investigated. Au(0), Rh(0) and Ir(0) nanoparticles have been prepared in some of these phosphinate-based ionic liquids as a media and (or) reducing agents and have been characterized by SEM, TEM, Zetasizer, UV-Visible spectroscopy and IR spectroscopy. In general, the average particles size of Au(0), and Ir(0) were ca. 25 nm, but some of the particles average size formed was less than 2 nm, such as Rh(0) and Ir(0) nanoparticles formed in [Bu₄P][(octyl)₂PO₂] or [Bu₄P][(TMP)₂PO₂]. Generally, these phosphinate-based ionic liquids are good media to prevent nanoparticle aggregation (Chapter 3).
Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling in Liver Cancers (2019)

Liver cancer is among the leading global healthcare issues associated with high morbidity and mortality. Liver cancer consists of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), hepatoblastoma (HB), and several other rare tumors. Progression has been witnessed in understanding the interactions between etiological as well as environmental factors and the host in the development of liver cancers. However, the pathogenesis remains poorly understood, hampering the design of rational strategies aiding in preventing liver cancers. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that aberrant activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays an important role in the initiation and progression of HCC, CCA, and HB. Targeting Wnt/β-catenin signaling potentiates a novel avenue for liver cancer treatment, which may benefit from the development of numerous small-molecule inhibitors and biologic agents in this field. In this review, we discuss the interaction between various etiological factors and components of Wnt/β-catenin signaling early in the precancerous lesion and the acquired mechanisms to further enhance Wnt/β-catenin signaling to promote robust cancer formation at later stages. Additionally, we shed light on current relevant inhibitors tested in liver cancers and provide future perspectives for preclinical and clinical liver cancer studies.
Tri-state myoelectric control of bilateral upper extremity neuroprostheses for tetraplegic individuals (1996)

For the purpose of bimanual control of tetraplegic hands that have useful movement restored by a neuroprosthetic device, the use of myoelectric signals from bilateral sternocleidomastoid muscles is proposed. Three state control has been proposed where each sternocleidomastoid controls its ipsilateral hand. Demonstration was made with spinal-cord-injured and nonspinal-cord-injured subjects providing three levels of activation that can be repeatably made with each of these muscles. The agonist and antagonist sternocleidomastoids during this command control were differentiated so that the desired hand will respond to a command. Neither normal head movements nor head position within its comfortable range of motion were shown to interfere with the proposed command. The provision of feedback was shown as important to provide robustness in the operation for the users selection of the right or left hand. The performance of spinal cord injured and noninjured persons using this controller was quantitatively measured through the completion of precision tracking tasks by the manipulation of on-screen virtual hands. All subjects were able to operate the controller with a degree of skill acceptable for completion of functional tasks with bilateral stimulated hand grasps. The sensitivity of the subjects performance to variation in controller parameters was also measured.
Optical engineering of polymer materials and composites for simultaneous color and thermal management (2019)

Sustainable architecture requires development of new materials with tailored optical, mechanical, and thermal properties to provide both aesthetic appeal and energy-saving functionalities. Polymers and polymer-based composites emerge as promising lightweight and conformable materials whose optical spectra can be engineered to achieve both goals. Here, we report on the development of new types of organic-inorganic films composed of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene with a variety of organic and inorganic nano- and micro-scale inclusions. The films simultaneously provide ultra-light weight, conformability, either visual coloring or transparency on demand, and passive thermal management via both conduction and radiation. The lightweight semi-crystalline polymer matrix yields thermal conductivity exceeding that of many metals, allowing for the lateral heat spreading and hot spots mitigation in the cases of partial illumination of films by sunlight. It also yields excellent broadband transparency, allowing for the opportunities to shape the spectral response of composite materials via targeted addition of inclusions with tailored optical spectra. We demonstrate a variety of dark- and bright-colored composite samples that exhibit reduced temperatures under direct illumination by sunlight, and outline strategies for materials design to further improve material performance.
Knowledge-based Dialog State Tracking (2014)

This paper presents two discriminative knowledgebased dialog state trackers and their results on the Dialog State Tracking Challenge (DSTC) 2 and 3 datasets. The first tracker was submitted to the DSTC3 competition and scored second in the joint accuracy. The second tracker developed after the DSTC3 submission deadline gives even better results on the DSTC2 and DSTC3 datasets. It performs on par with the state of the art machine learning-based trackers while offering better interpretability. We summarize recent directions in the dialog state tracking (DST) and also discuss possible decomposition of the DST problem. Based on the results of DSTC2 and DSTC3 we analyze suitability of different techniques for each of the DST subproblems. Results of the trackers highlight the importance of Spoken Language Understanding (SLU) for the last two DSTCs.
Dedicated to Professor Reinhard Nesper on the Occasion of His 60th Birthday (2009)

Abstract Reinhard Nesper, professor at the Laboratory for Inorganic Chemistry of the ETH Zürich, celebrated his 60th birthday on April 9, 2009. On this occasion the editors, the publisher, his friends and colleagues congratulate cordially and dedicate to him this “Festheft” in amity and recognition.
Increased Bile Duct Complications in Liver Transplantation Across the ABO Barrier (1993)

Using ABO incompatible allografts, a high incidence of biliary and hepatic artery complications and decreased graft survival in liver transplantation were found. An immunologic injury to the bile duct epithelium and/or to vascular endothelium is suspected.
Expanded graphite/phenolic resin-based carbon composite adsorbents for post-combustion CO2 capture (2015)

Incorporating a small proportion of expanded graphite dramatically improves microporosity and CO<sub>2</sub> uptake of phenolic resin-derived activated carbons.
Regulation of G-Protein-Mediated Signal Transfer by Ions (1988)

Receptor-mediated activation of guanine nucleotide binding proteins (G-proteins) is profoundly modified by both mono- and divalent cations. Several divalent cations increase the affinity of many G-protein-coupled receptors for agonists at concentrations in the millimolar range. Micromolar concentrations of Mg2+ are required for receptor-mediated activation of G-proteins. Using the formyl peptide receptor of human leukemia (HL 60) as a model system, we have recently been able to demonstrate that two independent metal binding sites are present on the receptor-G-protein complex to mediate these two effects. We propose that the site that binds divalent cations in the millimolar range is contained in an extracellular domain of the receptor, whereas the site for micromolar Mg2+ is located on the G-protein. Sodium ions decrease the agonist affinity of many G-protein-coupled receptors and modify the interaction of G-proteins with guanine nucleotides. We suggest that sodium ions elicit these effects by interacting with a unique binding site present in an intracellular domain of either the receptor or some associated protein that is different from the G-protein.
Evidence that cochlear-implanted deaf patients are better multisensory integrators (2007)

The cochlear implant (CI) is a neuroprosthesis that allows profoundly deaf patients to recover speech intelligibility. This recovery goes through long-term adaptative processes to build coherent percepts from the coarse information delivered by the implant. Here we analyzed the longitudinal postimplantation evolution of word recognition in a large sample of CI users in unisensory (visual or auditory) and bisensory (visuoauditory) conditions. We found that, despite considerable recovery of auditory performance during the first year postimplantation, CI patients maintain a much higher level of word recognition in speechreading conditions compared with normally hearing subjects, even several years after implantation. Consequently, we show that CI users present higher visuoauditory performance when compared with normally hearing subjects with similar auditory stimuli. This better performance is not only due to greater speechreading performance, but, most importantly, also due to a greater capacity to integrate visual input with the distorted speech signal. Our results suggest that these behavioral changes in CI users might be mediated by a reorganization of the cortical network involved in speech recognition that favors a more specific involvement of visual areas. Furthermore, they provide crucial indications to guide the rehabilitation of CI patients by using visually oriented therapeutic strategies.
A Package Aware QLMVF Receiver Front End (2020)

This brief presents a 2.4 GHz receiver front end in the form of architecture of quadrature LNA-Mixer-VCO-filter (QLMVF) cell in 180 nm CMOS with split-transconductance amplifiers (TCAs). Instead of a single stack-current-reusing QLMV scheme, the proposed design employs two separate current reuse stages with a passive mixer to provide better flicker noise and linearity performance. A shunt-inductive input-match single-ended low noise amplifier (LNA) proposed with an improved package parasitic compensation through a simple varactor tuning. The quad-flat-no-leads (QFN) packaged receiver provides a measured maximum conversion gain of 40 dB, a noise figure (NF) of 10 dB, and a third-order input intercept point (IIP3) of -5 dBm with a spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) of 60 dB. The front end consuming 2.7 mW of power from a 1.8 V supply and occupies an area of 1.5 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Antiquarian books as source of environment historical water data (2009)

Historical environment considerations are inevitable also for modern environmental analysis. They alone allow evaluation of anthropogenic impact into the environment. To receive information about the historical environment situation in inhabited regions, we approached this task by examining historical well dated and locatable products of the Homo faber. The work introduced here uses books as a source of environment historical data specially for the environmental compartment of water. The paper of historical books, dated by their printing and allocated by their watermark(1) (Wasserzeichensammlung Piccard, Piccard online, Hauptstaatsarchiv Stuttgart, ) is a trap for traces of heavy metals contaminating their production water in historical times. Great amounts of water were brought into contact with the paper pulp in the historical paper mill process. The cellulose of the pulp acts as an ion exchange material for heavy metals, forming a dynamic equilibrium. A well defined pulp production process, starting with used clothes, allows estimation of the concentration of historical heavy metals (Cu(2+), Pb(2+), Zn(2+), Cd(2+)) in the production water (river water). Ancient papers from well dated books are eluted without destruction of their paper and the resulting solution is analysed by ETAAS and inverse stripping voltammetry to determine the historical impact of metals. Afterwards in a flow system the eluted paper spot is equilibrated with different concentrations of heavy metals (Cu(2+), Pb(2+), Zn(2+), Cd(2+)) to plot the adsorption isotherm of that very spot. Both data together allows a calculation of the heavy metal content of the historical river. For different waters of Germany and the Netherlands of the 16th-18th Century the heavy metal load could be estimated. The resulting concentrations were mostly similar to the level of modern surface waters, but in the case of the Dutch waters of the 17th Century, they were e.g. for Pb(2+) significantly higher than modern values.
Microprocessor driven ultrafast multichannel event counter (1981)

In this paper we describe a multichannel counter which can be very helpful in a wide range of physical measurements: time constants of very fast relaxation phenomena (from 1 ns to 10 μs), time interval between event occurrences (from 3.5 ns to 21.5 μs), phase measurements on periodic signals, event-time histogram construction (up to 65536 events on each channel), etc. Its larger number of channels, 6143 (3×211−1) permits covering a wide range of time constants while preserving its ultimate time resolution (3.5 ns). The sampling technique we used introduces no parasitic counting, so that it is able to record very short transient signals.
Study of the Thermal, Dielectric and Mechanical Properties of Poly(Methyl Methacrylate-co-(1,4,7,10-Tetraoxacyclododecan-2-yl)Methyl Methacrylate) Membranes (2012)

[EN] The synthesis and characterization of new polymeric materials containing crown ethers in their structure is very interesting due to their possibilities of use in many technological applications: metal ion catalysts, ion-exchange membranes, surfactants, etc. The dielectric and mechanical relaxation behavior of two membranes of poly(methyl methacrylate-co-(1,4,7,10-tetraoxacyclododecan-2-yl) methyl methacrylate) (10/90 and 25/75) has been studied. &#13;\nThe samples were characterized by using Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy (BDS) and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA). DSC measurements were performed between 203K to 418K, BDS studies were performed in a frequency range of 10-2 Hz to 106 Hz at temperatures ranging from 133 to 443K and DMA measurements were carried at five frequencies (0.3, 1, 3, 10 and 30 Hz) and temperature window 143 to 443K.&#13;\nBoth membranes have a similar mechanical spectrum. At 1 Hz and around 413K a Ñ-relaxation process associated with the glass transition temperature can be observed. In decreasing order of temperatures a Ò-relaxation process, probably related with the Ò-relaxation process of the MMA can be observed. This relaxation is intimately overlapped with other non-well defined ×-secondary process. At lower temperatures another Ô-secondary relaxation can be observed. In addition, dielectric spectrum is in good agreement with mechanical spectrum. &#13;\nThe Ñ-relaxation process presumably arises from cooperative motions of molecules, whereas internal motions of the backbone in a variety of environments produce the secondary process. However, at low frequencies and high temperatures there is a high contribution of the conductive processes to the dielectric loss. Therefore, in order to establish comparison between mechanical and dielectric spectra were necessary to remove ohmic conduction using Kramers- Kronig equations. All relaxation processes were characterized by using the empirical Havriliak-Negami model. From the Arrhenius plot the activation energies associated with the secondary relaxations have been evaluated. On the other hand, the relaxation associated with the glass transition followed a behavior defined by the Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann-Hesse equation. The barrier associated with the conductivity process was evaluated from the d.c. conductivity evaluated by dielectric measurements
Hysteresis behaviour of top-down fabricated ZnO nanowire transistors (2013)

Top-down Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanowire FETs have been fabricated using conventional photolithography, ZnO atomic layer deposition (ALD) and dry etching. This paper investigates the hysteresis characteristics of these transistors at different gate bias sweep rates. Hysteresis is a measure of charge trapping and detrapping activities on the nanowire surface. Maximum hysteresis width obtained for this top-down ZnO NWFET device when measured in air was 2.2 V. This value is smaller compared to other bottom up devices which indicates better interface quality between ZnO nanowire/SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> interface. Subsequently, this is an important feature in order to produce reliable platform for electronic applications particularly sensing applications.
FAS A flexible Antagonistic spring element for a high performance over actuated hand (2011)

In biological and medical sciences, optical microscopes are widely used. By using the microscope, we can observe cellular dynamics including intracellular ions and molecules tagged with fluorescent dyes at a high magnification. However, a freely motile cell easily escapes from a field of view and a focal plane of the typical microscope. Therefore, we propose a novel auto-focusing (AF) algorithm and develop an AF and tracking microscope. XYZ positions of a microscopic stage are visual feedback controlled to focus and track the cell automatically. A bright-field image is used to estimate a cellular position. XY centroids are used to estimate XY positions of the tracked cell. To estimate a Z position, we use a diffraction pattern around the cell membrane. This estimation method is so-called Depth from Diffraction (DFDi). However, this method is not robust for individual differences between cells because the diffraction pattern depends on each cellular shape, reflective index and transparency. Therefore, in this study, we propose a real-time correction of DFDi by using 2D Laplacian of a center region of the cell as a goodness of the focus. To evaluate the performance of our developed algorithm and microscope, we auto-focus and track a freely moving paramecium. In this experimental result, the paramecium is auto-focused and kept inside the scope of the microscope during 45s. The evaluated focal error is within 5[µm], while a length and a thickness of the paramecium are about 200[µm] and 50[µm], respectively.
Professional Windows Phone 7 Application Development: Building Applications and Games Using Visual Studio, Silverlight, and XNA (2010)

A one-of-a-kind book on Windows Phone 7 development While numerous books cover both Silverlight and XNA, there lacks a resource that covers the specifics of Windows Phone 7 development. This book fills that void and shares the specifics of building phone applications and games. Youll learn how to get started with designing, building, testing, and deploying mobile applications for Windows Phone 7. Working examples used throughout the book cover how to design and layout a Windows Phone 7 application, interact with the device, and even sell your applications. Fills the void in the market for an instructional book on developing applications for Windows Phone 7 Offers an overview of Windows Phone and discusses the necessary tools Explains how to work with multiview applications Addresses tool bars, pickers, table views, navigation controllers, application setting, and user defaults Reviews drawing with XNA, using the camera, and understanding basic data persistence Explore the exciting possibilties of Windows Phone 7 development with this invaluable reference.
The Abi-domain Protein Abx1 Interacts with the CovS Histidine Kinase to Control Virulence Gene Expression in Group B Streptococcus (2013)

Group B Streptococcus (GBS), a common commensal of the female genital tract, is the leading cause of invasive infections in neonates. Expression of major GBS virulence factors, such as the hemolysin operon cyl, is regulated directly at the transcriptional level by the CovSR two-component system. Using a random genetic approach, we identified a multi-spanning transmembrane protein, Abx1, essential for the production of the GBS hemolysin. Despite its similarity to eukaryotic CaaX proteases, the Abx1 function is not involved in a post-translational modification of the GBS hemolysin. Instead, we demonstrate that Abx1 regulates transcription of several virulence genes, including those comprising the hemolysin operon, by a CovSR-dependent mechanism. By combining genetic analyses, transcriptome profiling, and site-directed mutagenesis, we showed that Abx1 is a regulator of the histidine kinase CovS. Overexpression of Abx1 is sufficient to activate virulence gene expression through CovS, overcoming the need for an additional signal. Conversely, the absence of Abx1 has the opposite effect on virulence gene expression consistent with CovS locked in a kinase-competent state. Using a bacterial two-hybrid system, direct interaction between Abx1 and CovS was mapped specifically to CovS domains involved in signal processing. We demonstrate that the CovSR two-component system is the core of a signaling pathway integrating the regulation of CovS by Abx1 in addition to the regulation of CovR by the serine/threonine kinase Stk1. In conclusion, our study reports a regulatory function for Abx1, a member of a large protein family with a characteristic Abi-domain, which forms a signaling complex with the histidine kinase CovS in GBS.
Atomically Flat Surface Morphology of Hydrogen Transferred Si Film with Boron Delta Doped Layer (2006)

Abstract not Available.