gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multizone near-end speech enhancement under optimal second-order magnitude distortion (2013)

In this article, we address near-end speech enhancement for a scenario where there are several playback zones. A signal model is explored, where effects of noise, reverberation and zone crosstalk are taken into account simultaneously. Through the symbolic usage of a general smooth distortion measure, necessary optimality conditions are derived. The conditions are applied to a DFT magnitude-based distortion measure and an algorithm follows, which applies per-zone spectral subtraction followed by channel inversion. Simulations validate the optimality of the algorithm and show a clear benefit in multizone processing, as opposed to the iterated application of a single-zone algorithm.
Consecutive Thermal H 2 and Light-Induced O 2 Evolution from Water Promoted by a Metal Complex (2009)

Discovery of an efficient artificial catalyst for the sunlight-driven splitting of water into dioxygen and dihydrogen is a major goal of renewable energy research. We describe a solution-phase reaction scheme that leads to the stoichiometric liberation of dihydrogen and dioxygen in consecutive thermal- and light-driven steps mediated by mononuclear, well-defined ruthenium complexes. The initial reaction of water at 25 degrees C with a dearomatized ruthenium (II) [Ru(II)] pincer complex yields a monomeric aromatic Ru(II) hydrido-hydroxo complex that, on further reaction with water at 100 degrees C, releases H2 and forms a cis dihydroxo complex. Irradiation of this complex in the 320-to-420-nanometer range liberates oxygen and regenerates the starting hydrido-hydroxo Ru(II) complex, probably by elimination of hydrogen peroxide, which rapidly disproportionates. Isotopic labeling experiments with H2 17O and H2 18O show unequivocally that the process of oxygen-oxygen bond formation is intramolecular, establishing a previously elusive fundamental step toward dioxygen-generating homogeneous catalysis.
Effects of Enhanced Efficiency Fertilizers on Cotton Growth Characteristics (2014)

Use of enhanced‐efficiency N fertilizers (EENFs) in row crop agriculture has not been well studied despite increasing interest in these N sources to increase crop yield while decreasing N loss. A field study was conducted in Central Alabama from 2009 to 2011 to compare EENFs to standard N sources in a high‐residue conservation cotton production system. Nitrogen fertilizers evaluated were: urea; ammonium sulfate; urea‐ammonium sulfate; controlled‐release, polymer‐coated urea (Environmenally Smart Nitrogen, ESN); stabilized urea (SuperU); poultry litter; poultry litter + AgrotainPlus; and an unfertilized control. Detailed plant growth characteristics were determined before defoliation. Generally, standard fertilizers resulted in the largest number of bolls and the highest boll dry weight. ESN tended to perform as well as the standards. Both poultry litter treatments performed poorly during the first year; however, poultry litter + AgrotainPlus was similar to the standards by the third year of study. In this study, the more expensive EENFs produced yields similar to those of standard fertilizers, suggesting that the former may be economically impractical at present. However, EENFs could become viable alternative fertilizer sources given their ability to reduce N loss from agricultural fields via leaching, runoff, and nitrous oxide flux. Additional research is needed on the benefits of EENFs in row‐crop production systems.
Implantation of the myenteric plexus into the corpus striatum of adult rats: survival of the neurons and glia and interactions with host brain (1992)

Live or freeze-killed syngeneic adult muscularis externa, comprising myenteric plexus sandwiched between two layers of smooth muscle, was implanted into the corpus striatum of adult Fischer rats and examined electron microscopically 10 days to 6 weeks after operation. Living grafts contained healthy neurons and glial cells at all time-periods examined, although some areas of necrosis were observed. After 10 days, the glia limitans around the grafts were poorly developed and the adjacent brain tissue contained only a small number of small non-myelinated axons. After 3 and 6 weeks, the brain surrounding the living grafts contained many clusters of small non-myelinated axons. Bundles of putative central nervous system (CNS) axonal sprouts had invaded the grafts, making contact with enteric glia, despite the presence of a well-developed glia limitans at the interface with the brain. In the longer-term grafts some CNS axonal sprouts in the myenteric plexus enlarged and became myelinated. A few astrocyte processes but no axons were found in the freeze-kilied grafts. The brain surrounding the freeze-killed grafts appeared to contain fewer axonal sprouts than were present around the living grafts. The possibility that the living grafts may promote both the sprouting and the elongation of CNS axons is discussed.
PREEMPTIVE KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION IS ASSOCIATED WITH BETTER GRAFT SURVIVAL COMPARED WITH NON-PREEMPTIVE TRANSPLANTATION (2020)

Background: The dialysis patients were exposed in danger of sensitization, repeated blood loss, volume overloading, comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease (CVD) or infection. For this reason, it is reported that preemptive kidney transplantation (PKT), defined as KT performed before beginning of maintenance dialysis, has a better prognosis than non-preemptive KT (NPKT) in living donor kidney transplantation (LDKT), but the factors related with the good prognosis and clinical outcome of PKT are still uncertain. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 890 patients performed LDKT at Keimyung university Dongsan hospital between 1982 and 2019. We investigated baseline characteristics, the incidence of delayed graft function (DGF), acute rejection within 1 year, the risk factors associated with allograft failure, graft and patient survivals between PKT and NPKT groups. Results: Mean follow-up duration of 890 recipients was 219 months. Mean ages of donors and recipients were significantly higher in the PKT group than non-PKT group (41.7±11.5 y vs. 39.3±12.3 y, P=0.019; 40.0±12.9 y vs. 37.8±11.9 y, P=0.032).There were no significant differences of the rate of gender, HLA mismatched number, the cause of end-stage renal disease, immunosuppressant, and preformed HLA-DSA. There were no significant differences of the incidences of DGF, incidence of de novo HLA-DSA, and acute rejection within 1 year between the two groups. Death-censored graft survival rate was significantly higher in the PKT group than NPKT group (P=0.002). The dialysis vintage was an independent risk factor for allograft failure (HR 1.031, 95% CI 1.011-1.050, P=0.002). There were no significant differences of patient survival rate and the incidence of comorbidities such as CVD or infection between the two groups. Conclusions: In our study, PKT showed a better allograft survival rate compared to NPKT, but no difference of patient survival rate between the two groups. The factor associated with the difference of allograft survival between the two groups was dialysis vintage. Therefore, it is better to perform PKT aggressively rather than waiting for a KT for a long time on dialysis to maintain the long-term graft survivals.This study was supported by the First Research Support Project of the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT in 2018 (NRF-2017R1C1B5076739). References: 1. Sayin B et al. Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis. 2013; 29: 95-99. 2. Purnell TS et al. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2019; 14: 1430-1431.
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis, and Biological Activity of Novel Enediynyl Monocyclic β‐Lactams. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Exosomes as an Emerging Plasmid Delivery Vehicle for Gene Therapy (2023)

Despite its introduction more than three decades ago, gene therapy has fallen short of its expected potential for the treatment of a broad spectrum of diseases and continues to lack widespread clinical use. The fundamental limitation in clinical translatability of this therapeutic modality has always been an effective delivery system that circumvents degradation of the therapeutic nucleic acids, ensuring they reach the intended disease target. Plasmid DNA (pDNA) for the purpose of introducing exogenous genes presents an additional challenge due to its size and potential immunogenicity. Current pDNA methods include naked pDNA accompanied by electroporation or ultrasound, liposomes, other nanoparticles, and cell-penetrating peptides, to name a few. While the topic of numerous reviews, each of these methods has its own unique set of limitations, side effects, and efficacy concerns. In this review, we highlight emerging uses of exosomes for the delivery of pDNA for gene therapy. We specifically focus on bovine milk and colostrum-derived exosomes as a nano-delivery "platform". Milk/colostrum represents an abundant, scalable, and cost-effective natural source of exosomes that can be loaded with nucleic acids for targeted delivery to a variety of tissue types in the body. These nanoparticles can be functionalized and loaded with pDNA for the exogenous expression of genes to target a wide variety of disease phenotypes, overcoming many of the limitations of current gene therapy delivery techniques.
Advancing knowledge of the plant nuclear periphery and its application for crop science (2020)

In this review, we explore recent advances in knowledge of the structure and dynamics of the plant nuclear envelope. As a paradigm, we focused our attention on the Linker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton (LINC) complex, a structurally conserved bridging complex comprising SUN domain proteins in the inner nuclear membrane and KASH domain proteins in the outer nuclear membrane. Studies have revealed that this bridging complex has multiple functions with structural roles in positioning the nucleus within the cell, conveying signals across the membrane and organizing chromatin in the 3D nuclear space with impact on gene transcription. We also provide an up-to-date survey in nuclear dynamics research achieved so far in the model plant <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> that highlights its potential impact on several key plant functions such as growth, seed maturation and germination, reproduction and response to biotic and abiotic stress. Finally, we bring evidences that most of the constituents of the LINC Complex and associated components are, with some specificities, conserved in monocot and dicot crop species and are displaying very similar functions to those described for <i>Arabidopsis</i>. This leads us to suggest that a better knowledge of this system and a better account of its potential applications will in the future enhance the resilience and productivity of crop plants.
1-MW quasi-Z-source based multilevel PV energy conversion system (2016)

This paper proposes a 1 MW grid-tie photovoltaic system by connecting quasi-Z-Source (qZS) networks into Cascaded H-Bridge (CHB) inverter. The proposed Power Conditioning System (PCS) consists of a 3-phase 48-cell CHB inverter where each module is fed by a qZS network. The proposed topology allows boosting the input voltage to a higher level while solving the traditional imbalance problem of DC-link voltage in CHB inverters. A multilevel output voltage waveform is produced using an enhanced phase shifted pulse width modulation technique, which inserts shoot-through states into the conventional zero states to control the qZS-CHB module. The effective control schemes are proposed to achieve grid-tie current injection, low Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) current, unity power factor, and DC-link voltage balance for all qZS-CHB inverter modules. A 1 MW system is built in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment to verify the proposed multilevel PV energy conversion system and its control principles.
Tuning of microwave and optical properties of the electro-optic polymer PMMA-DR1 by loading with SiC nanoparticles for optimization of photonic microwave components (2015)

We report on a study of the influence of the Silicon Carbide (SiC) nanoparticles on the microwave and optical properties of electro-optic (EO) polymers. EO polymers are known as much more promising than the popular inorganic EO crystal Lithium Niobate (LiNbO3). Indeed, EO polymers can have larger EO coefficients and permit broader component bandwidths due to a better velocity matching between lightwave and microwave signal. In this study, we use a classical EO polymer constituted of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) used as host polymer matrix in which Disperse Red 1 (DR1) EO dyes have been dispersed. The obtained results show that both the dielectric constant and the refractive index of PMMA-DR1 films may be continuously tuned by incorporating SiC nanoparticles. Therefore, one can increase component bandwidths by optimizing phase velocity matching between lightwave and microwave signal and improve optical mode coupling.
A Data-Driven Workflow for Modelling Self-Shaping Wood Bilayer, Utilizing Natural Material Variations with Machine Vision and Machine Learning (2022)

This paper develops a workflow to train machine learning (ML) models with a small dataset from physical samples to predict the curvatures of self-shaping wood bilayers based on local variations in the grain. In contrast to state-of-the-art predictive models, specifically 1.) a 2D Timoshenko model and 2.) a 3D numerical model with a rheological model, our method accounts for natural and unavoidable material variations. In this paper, we only focus on local grain variations as the main driver for curvatures in small-scale material samples. We extracted a feature matrix from grain images of active and passive layers as a Grey Level Co-Occurrence Matrix and used it as the input for our ML models. We also analysed the impact of grain variations on the feature matrix. We trained and tested several tree-based regression models with different features. The models achieved very accurate predictions for curvatures in each sample (R;0.9) and extend the range of parameters that is incalculable by a Timoshenko model. This research contributes to the material-efficient design of weather-responsive shape-changing wood structures by further leveraging the use of natural material features and explainable data-driven modelling and extends the topic in ML for material behaviour-driven design among the CAADRIA community.
The Biological Function of the Prion Protein: A Cell Surface Scaffold of Signaling Modules (2017)

The prion glycoprotein (PrP<sup>C</sup>) is mostly located at the cell surface, tethered to the plasma membrane through a glycosyl-phosphatydil inositol (GPI) anchor. Misfolding of PrP<sup>C</sup> is associated with the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), whereas its normal conformer serves as a receptor for oligomers of the β-amyloid peptide, which play a major role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). PrP<sup>C</sup> is highly expressed in both the nervous and immune systems, as well as in other organs, but its functions are controversial. Extensive experimental work disclosed multiple physiological roles of PrP<sup>C</sup> at the molecular, cellular and systemic levels, affecting the homeostasis of copper, neuroprotection, stem cell renewal and memory mechanisms, among others. Often each such process has been heralded as the bona fide function of PrP<sup>C</sup>, despite restricted attention paid to a selected phenotypic trait, associated with either modulation of gene expression or to the engagement of PrP<sup>C</sup> with a single ligand. In contrast, the GPI-anchored prion protein was shown to bind several extracellular and transmembrane ligands, which are required to endow that protein with the ability to play various roles in transmembrane signal transduction. In addition, differing sets of those ligands are available in cell type- and context-dependent scenarios. To account for such properties, we proposed that PrP<sup>C</sup> serves as a dynamic platform for the assembly of signaling modules at the cell surface, with widespread consequences for both physiology and behavior. The current review advances the hypothesis that the biological function of the prion protein is that of a cell surface scaffold protein, based on the striking similarities of its functional properties with those of scaffold proteins involved in the organization of intracellular signal transduction pathways. Those properties are: the ability to recruit spatially restricted sets of binding molecules involved in specific signaling; mediation of the crosstalk of signaling pathways; reciprocal allosteric regulation with binding partners; compartmentalized responses; dependence of signaling properties upon posttranslational modification; and stoichiometric requirements and/or oligomerization-dependent impact on signaling. The scaffold concept may contribute to novel approaches to the development of effective treatments to hitherto incurable neurodegenerative diseases, through informed modulation of prion protein-ligand interactions.
A novel asexual blood-stage malaria vaccine candidate: PfRipr5 formulated with human-use adjuvants induces potent growth inhibitory antibodies (2022)

PfRipr is a highly conserved asexual-blood stage malaria vaccine candidate against <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>. PfRipr5, a protein fragment of PfRipr inducing the most potent inhibitory antibodies, is a promising candidate for the development of next-generation malaria vaccines, requiring validation of its potential when formulated with adjuvants already approved for human use. In this study, PfRipr5 antigen was efficiently produced in a tank bioreactor using insect High Five cells and the baculovirus expression vector system; purified PfRipr5 was thermally stable in its monomeric form, had high purity and binding capacity to functional monoclonal anti-PfRipr antibody. The formulation of purified PfRipr5 with Alhydrogel<sup>®</sup>, GLA-SE or CAF<sup>®</sup>01 adjuvants accepted for human use showed acceptable compatibility. Rabbits immunized with these formulations induced comparable levels of anti-PfRipr5 antibodies, and significantly higher than the control group immunized with PfRipr5 alone. To investigate the efficacy of the antibodies, we used an <i>in vitro</i> parasite growth inhibition assay (GIA). The highest average GIA activity amongst all groups was attained with antibodies induced by immunization with PfRipr5 formulated with CAF<sup>®</sup>01. Overall, this study validates the potential of adjuvanted PfRipr5 as an asexual blood-stage malaria vaccine candidate, with PfRipr5/CAF<sup>®</sup>01 being a promising formulation for subsequent pre-clinical and clinical development.
A GaAs FET Oscillator Noise Model with a Periodically Driven Noise Source (1986)

Measurements and numerical simulations of the phase noise of a GaAs FET oscillator are described. It is shown that simulations with a conventional noise model lead to unsatisfactory agreement with the experimental results. A significantly improved accuracy is obtained with an extended oscillator noise model, which includes a periodically driven noise source.
Integrated seismic texture segmentation and clustering analysis to improved delineation of reservoir geometry (2009)

In recent years, 3D volumetric attributes have gained wide acceptance by geosciences interpreters. The early introduction of single‐trace complex trace attributes was quickly followed by seismic sequence attribute mapping workflows. 3D geometric attributes such as coherence and curvature are also widely used. Most of these attributes correspond to a very simple easy‐to‐understand measures of a waveform or surface morphology. However, not all geologic features can be so easily quantified. For this reason, simple statistical measures of the seismic waveform such as RMS amplitude prove to be quite valuable in delineating more chaotic stratigraphy. In this paper, we show how modern texture analysis based on the gray‐level co‐occurrence matrix, when coupled with recent developments in self‐organizing maps clustering technology, extends such statistical measures to delineate features that geoscientists can see, but not easily describe.
The use of high frequency ultrasound imaging in skin moisturization measurement (2013)

The HFU is a useful method for the monitoring of skin moisturization treatments.
Characterization of determinants encoded by four Qa-1 genotypes and their recognition by cloned cytotoxic T lymphocytes. (1983)

Abstract The alloantigens encoded by the four defined Qa-1 genotypes were characterized by cloned cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) recognition. CTL clones specific for Qa-1a- and for Qa-1b-encoded antigens were generated. Examination of the reactivity of these clones with target cells from H-2r and H-2f strains provided the strongest evidence to date for the designation of the Qa-1c and Qa-1d genotypes, respectively, for these strains. Qa-1c-encoded antigens were recognized by most, but not all CTL clones that specifically lysed Qa-1b target cells, thus demonstrating that these antigens lack a Qa-1b-associated determinant. Similarly, Qa-1d encoded antigens were recognized by only half of the CTL clones that lysed Qa-1a target cells. In addition, one CTL clone that was cytotoxic for Qa-1b and Qa-1c target cells demonstrated low affinity, cross-reactive recognition of a Qa-1d encoded antigen. The reactivity patterns of the monoclonal CTL defined five Qa-1 determinants. Qa-1a, Qa-1b, and Qa-1d each encode multiple determinants. Two Qa-1d encoded determinants probably reside on different molecular species. Finally, large numbers of CTL clones tested on panels of target cells indicated that the Qa-1a strains expressed indistinguishable Qa-1.1 antigens and the Qa-1b strains expressed indistinguishable Qa-1.2 antigens. Therefore, additional polymorphism among these strains is improbable.
Die Elektrokapillargleichung reversibler Elektroden bei Nichtunterscheidbarkeit Redoxkomponenten und bei partiellem Ladungsübergang (1969)

Abstract Die Ableitung der Elektrokapillargleichung für die Oberflächenspannung reversibler Elektroden aus der Gibbsschen Adsorptionsisotherme wird erweitert auf Redoxsysteme, bei denen im adsorbierten Zustand zwischen der reduzierten und oxydierten Komponente nicht unterschieden werden kann, sowie auf Redoxsysteme, bei denen mit der Adsorption von S r und S ox ein partieller Ladungsübergang verbunden ist. Gegenüber der Elektrokapillargleichung ohne Berücksichtigung dieser Komplikationen ergeben sich größere Unterschiede. Aus den partiellen Differentialquotienten der Oberflächenspannung nach den chemischen Potentialen der reduzierten und oxydierten Komponenten können in beiden Fällen die Summen der relativen Oberflächenüberschüsse Γ r(s) + Γ ox(s) bestimmt werden. Im Fall der Nichtunterscheidbarkeit zwischen S r,ad und S ox,ad (S r,ad = S ox,ad = S ad * ) kann außerdem näherungsweise die Ladung Z ad = Z r + n λ der adsorbierten Substanz S ad * ermittelt werden. Bei unterscheidbaren Substanzen S r,ad und S ox,ad und partiellem Ladungsübergang bei der Adsorption sind in vielen Fällen außerdem die Einzelwerte Γ r(s) und Γ ox(s) näherungsweise angebbar. Durch den Gang der Ableitungen wird eine eindeutige Zuordnung der adsorbierten Redoxsubstanzen und ihrer Ladungen Zad zur Elektrolytphase oder Metallphase möglich. Im Fall von Redoxelektroden muß die Zuordnung zur Elektrolytphase erfolgen. Für die ad‐Atome bei der Metallionenelektrode wird eine Aufteilungsvorschrift zwischen Metallphase und Elektrolytphase angegeben. Der Bruchteil 1 — λ gehört zur Metallphase und der Bruchteil λ zur Elektrolytphase.
OCT Angiography to Predict Geographic Atrophy Progression using Choriocapillaris Flow Void as a Biomarker. (2020)

CC FV analysis may facilitate prediction of GA growth over time for patients with advanced nonneovascular age-related macular degeneration.