gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Liquid-phase microextraction of protein-bound drugs under non-equilibrium conditions (2002)

Recently, we introduced an inexpensive and disposable hollow fiber-based device for liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) where ionic analytes typically were extracted and preconcentrated from 1-4 mL aqueous samples (such as plasma and urine) through an organic solvent immobilized in the pores of a polypropylene hollow fiber and into a 10-25 microL volume of acceptor phase present inside the lumen of the hollow fiber. Subsequently, the acceptor phase was directly subjected to the final analysis by a chromatographic or electrophoretic method. In the present work, attention was focused on LPME of the basic drugs amphetamine, pethidine, promethazine, methadone and haloperidol characterized by substantial differences in the degree of protein binding. Drug-protein interactions in plasma resulted in reduced recoveries and substantially increased extraction times compared with extraction of the drugs from a pure water matrix. However, by addition of 5-50% methanol to the plasma samples, recoveries were comparable with LPME from water samples and ranged between 75 and 100%. The addition of methanol was found not to speed up the LPME process and extractions from plasma were performed in 45 min to reach equilibrium. Because approximately 55-70% of the final analyte concentrations were achieved within the initial 10 min of the LPME process, validation was accomplished after 10 and 45 min of LPME. In general, the results with 10 and 45 min were almost comparable, with precision data in the range 1.2-11.1% (RSD) and with linearity in the concentration range 20-1000 ng mL(-1) (r = 0.999). In conclusion, excellent LPME results may be achieved in a short time under non-equilibrium conditions with a minor loss of sensitivity. In cases of drug-protein interactions, methanol may be added to ensure a high extraction recovery.
Syntheses and anthelmintic activity of alkyl 5(6)-(substituted carbamoyl)- and 5(6)-(disubstituted carbamoyl)benzimidazole-2-carbamates and related compounds (1984)

A number of alkyl 5(6)-(substituted-carbamoyl)- and 5(6)-(disubstituted-carbamoyl)benzimidazole-2-carbamates and related compounds have been synthesized, and their anthelmintic activity against various intestinal helminths of experimental animals have been evaluated. A large percentage of the compounds synthesized showed noteworthy activity against Ancylostoma ceylanicum and at higher doses against Hymenolepsis nana infections. Compared to the alkyl 5(6)-(substituted-carbamoyl)benzimidazole-2-carbamates, the disubstituted carbamoyl analogues were found to exhibit better anthelmintic activity. The most active compound of the series, namely, methyl 5(6)-[(N-2-pyridylpiperazino)carbamoyl]benzimidazole-2-carbamate (90), has been screened against intestinal helminths in higher animals and as a micro- and macrofilaricidal agent. Compound 90 has been identified as a broad-spectrum anthelmintic agent. Compound 90 has been identified as a broad-spectrum anthelmintic in view of its efficacy against A. ceylanicum (hamsters and dogs), H. nana (rats), Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (rats), Syphacia obvelata (mice), A. tubaeformis (cat), Toxocara spp. (cat), and Litomosoides carinii (cotton rat).
Isolation of Double Negative &#945;&#946; T Cells from the Kidney (2014)

There is currently no standard protocol for the isolation of DN T cells from the non-lymphoid tissues despite their increasingly reported involvement in various immune responses. DN T cells are a unique immune cell type that has been implicated in regulating immune and autoimmune responses and tolerance to allotransplants1-6. DN T cells are, however, rare in peripheral blood and secondary lymphoid organs (spleen and lymph nodes), but are major residents of the normal kidney. Very little is known about their pathophysiologic function7 due to their paucity in the periphery. We recently described a comprehensive phenotypic and functional analysis of this population in the kidney8 in steady state and during ischemia reperfusion injury. Analysis of DN T cell function will be greatly enhanced by developing a protocol for their isolation from the kidney. Here, we describe a novel protocol that allows isolation of highly pure ab CD4+ CD8+ T cells and DN T cells from the murine kidney. Briefly, we digest kidney tissue using collagenase and isolate kidney mononuclear cells (KMNC) by density gradient. This is followed by two steps to enrich hematopoietic T cells from 3% to 70% from KMNC. The first step consists of a positive selection of hematopoietic cells using a CD45+ isolation kit. In the second step, DN T cells are negatively isolated by removal of non-desired cells using CD4, CD8, and MHC class II monoclonal antibodies and CD1d α-galcer tetramer. This strategy leads to a population of more than 90% pure DN T cells. Surface staining with the above mentioned antibodies followed by FACs analysis is used to confirm purity.
Residential Pesticides Use During Pregnancy Among an Inner-city Cohort in New York City: Resultant Health Effects and an Intervention to Reduce Exposures (2006)

WS4-03 Abstract: Residential pesticide use is widespread in the United States, but data are limited on use during pregnancy. Between 1998 and 2004, we gathered information on pesticide use from 620 inner-city pregnant black and Dominican women. Eighty-seven percent reported using pest control during pregnancy and 46% reported using higher toxicity methods. Pest problems and pesticide use increased significantly with the level of housing disrepair reported (P < 0.01). The organophosphorus insecticides chlorpyrifos and diazinon and the carbamate insecticide propoxur were the pesticides detected most frequently: in 99% to 100% of personal air samples collected over 48 hours from the mother during pregnancy (n = 495; range, 0.1–6000 ng/m3); and in 29% to 55% of blood samples collected from the mothers and/or newborns at delivery (n = 464; range, 0.1–63 pg/g). Chlorpyrifos and diazinon exposures decreased significantly following the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 2001–2002 ban on their residential use. Before the ban, newborns with the highest cord blood chlorpyrifos levels had significantly lower weight and length at birth (P < 0.01) and delayed cognitive (P = 0.02) and psychomotor (P = 0.002) development, as well as increased attentional problems (P < 0.05), by age 3 years. A pilot intervention was undertaken between 2001 and 2004 using integrated pest management (IPM) as a means of reducing residential insecticide exposures during pregnancy. The study included 25 intervention and 42 control homes and consisted of professional cleaning, sealing of pest entry points, application of low-toxicity pesticides, and education. The potential replacements for the banned oganophosphorus insecticides were measured in indoor air samples during pregnancy and in maternal and umbilical cord blood at delivery. Cockroach infestation decreased significantly (P = 0.016) among intervention but not control households. Among the intervention group, indoor air levels of piperonyl butoxide (a synergist and indicator of pyrethroid use) decreased significantly after the intervention (P = 0.016). Among controls, propoxur levels were significantly lower in follow up compared with baseline air samples (P = 0.04). Insecticide levels in blood samples at delivery were lower in the intervention compared with control groups. The difference was significant for 2-isopropoxyphenol (propoxur metabolite, P = 0.04), cis-permethrin (P = 0.03), and transpermethrin (P = 0.003) in maternal blood samples and for transpermethrin (P = 0.016) in newborn blood samples. These pilot data suggest that IPM that includes home repairs is an effective strategy for reducing both pest infestation levels and the internal dose of insecticides during pregnancy.
Relative Purchasing Power Parity under Fixed and Flexible Exchange Rates (1993)

This paper examines the doctrine of Relative Purchasing Power Parity during periods of fixed and flexible exchange rates. Using cointegration techniques and data for the Group of Seven countries, the results suggest that Purchasing Power Parity held only between the United States and the United Kingdom over the period 1957 QI to 1973 QII. Different results are obtained for the 1973 QIII to 1990 QIV period. Based on an error correction model, it is concluded that Purchasing Power Parity held between the United States and Canada, the United States and Franca, the United States and Italy, and the United States and the United Kingdom. Correction for the instability in the underlying static cointegrating regressions o» which these results are based, however, leads to a revision in this conclusion. In particular, contrary to the initial indications, it is demonstrated that Purchasing Power Parity did not hold over this period between the United States and the other Group of Seven countries.
Prototyping control and data acquisition for the ITER Neutral Beam Test Facility (2012)

The ITER Neutral Beam Test Facility will be the project's R&D facility for heating neutral beam injectors (HNB) for fusion research operating with H/D negative ions. Its mission is to develop technology to build the HNB prototype injector meeting the stringent HNB requirements (16.5 MW injection power, -1 MVe acceleration energy, 40 A ion current and one hour continuous operation). Two test-beds will be built in sequence in the facility: first SPIDER, the ion source test-bed, to optimize the negative ion source performance, second MITICA, the actual prototype injector, to optimize ion beam acceleration and neutralization. The SPIDER control and data acquisition system is under design. To validate the main architectural choices, a system prototype has been assembled and performance tests have been executed to assess the prototype's capability to meet the control and data acquisition system requirements. The prototype is based on open-source software frameworks running under Linux. EPICS is the slow control engine, MDSplus is the data handler and MARTe is the fast control manager. The prototype addresses low and high-frequency data acquisition, 10 kS/s and 10 MS/s respectively, camera image acquisition, data archiving, data streaming, data retrieval and visualization, real time fast control with 100 μs control cycle and supervisory control. The paper shows how the proposed prototype architecture can address the most critical requirements of SPIDER control.
Affinity Chromatography of Glycosidases (1977)

Journal Article Affinity Chromatography of Glycosidases: II. Studies on Specific and Non-specific Binding Get access Tomohiro MEGA, Tomohiro MEGA Department of Chemistry, Osaka University College of ScienceToyonaka Osaka 560 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Yoshio MATSUSHIMA Yoshio MATSUSHIMA Department of Chemistry, Osaka University College of ScienceToyonaka Osaka 560 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Biochemistry, Volume 81, Issue 3, March 1977, Pages 571–578, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a131492 Published: 01 March 1977 Article history Received: 26 July 1976 Published: 01 March 1977
Compact wideband dielectric-resonator-on-patch antenna (2006)

A method to reduce the size of the dielectric-resonator-on-patch (DRoP) antenna, using a shorting metal wall, is presented. An experimental antenna demonstrates several advantages including better bandwidth, less weight, less volume and a lower profile when compared to the original DRoP antenna without shorting walls. The predicted return loss and radiation patterns of the antenna are compared with measured data.
Supplementary Figure S3 from AKT Inhibition Promotes Nonautonomous Cancer Cell Survival (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Effect of AKTi microvesicles on cell vitality and cell colony counts after exposure to stress conditions &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
A method of collecting and concentrating headspace volatiles for gas-chromatographic analysis (1974)

Headspace analysis by gas chromatography has been widely used in the field of food science in order to characterise flavours and odours, and as an index of quality. One of the major difficulties encountered in this work lies in obtaining a sufficient concentration of volatiles to permit detection and identification. A method of collecting and enriching headspace volatiles and of introducing the total concentrate on to a gas chromatograph is described.
The dynamics of the oesophageal squamous epithelium ‘normalisation’ process in patients with gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease treated with long‐term acid suppression or anti‐reflux surgery (2017)

Five years of treatment is generally required before squamous epithelial cell morphology and proliferation are 'normalised' in patients with chronic GERD, despite endoscopic and symptomatic disease control. Control of the acid component of the refluxate seems to play the predominant role in restoring tissue morphology.
Spatial distribution of private gene mutations in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (2018)

Abstract Intra-tumour heterogeneity is the molecular hallmark of renal cancer, and the molecular tumour composition determines the treatment outcome of renal cancer patients. In renal cancer tumourigenesis, in general, different tumour clones evolve over time. We analysed intra-tumour heterogeneity and subclonal mutation patterns in 178 tumour samples obtained from 89 clear cell renal cell carcinoma patients. In an initial discovery phase, whole-exome and transcriptome sequencing data from paired tumour biopsies from 16 ccRCC patients were used to design a gene panel for follow-up analysis. In this second phase, 826 selected genes were targeted at deep coverage in an extended cohort of 89 patients for a detailed analysis of tumour heterogeneity. On average, we found 22 mutations per patient. Pairwise comparison of the two biopsies from the same tumour revealed that on average 62% of the mutations in a patient were detected in one of the two samples. In addition to commonly mutated genes ( VHL , PBRM1 , SETD2 and BAP1), frequent subclonal mutations with low variant allele frequency (&lt;10%) were observed in TP53 and in mucin coding genes MUC6 , MUC16 , and MUC3A . Of the 89 ccRCC tumours, 87 (~98%) harboured private mutations, occurring in only one of the paired tumour samples. Clonally exclusive pathway pairs were identified using the WES data set from 16 ccRCC patients. Our findings imply that shared and private mutations significantly contribute to the complexity of differential gene expression and pathway interaction, and might explain clonal evolution of different molecular renal cancer subgroups. Multi-regional sequencing is central for the identification of subclones within ccRCC.
Hierarchical modeling of alternative exon usage associations with survival (2011)

Exon expression platforms have allowed the detection of associations between alternative exon usage (AEU) and the proliferation of malignant cells in cancer. However, due to inadequate number of studies performed on AEU and the approaches utilized to detect AEU events, well established biomarkers for GBM are not available. The expression of exons corresponding to 25,403 genes was related to the survival of 328 patients diagnosed with Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). An approach that takes exon expression into account was adopted to detect the association between exon expression and survival. Association between expression and survival were identified in 22 single-exon genes 248 genes with 2-25 exons, 1430 genes with >;24 and <;50 exons and 215 genes with >;50 exons. Among the multiple-exon genes exhibiting AEU were epidermal growth factor (EGF) and nidogen2 (NID2) that have known association with GBM. These results are consistent with reports that these genes have 12 and 10 transcripts, respectively.
Multiplex Amplifiable Probe Hybridization (MAPH) Methodology as an Alternative to Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH) (2010)

Genomic imbalances in locus copy-number are highly significant for the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer. Rapidly progressing DNA microarray technologies detect such pathogenic copy-number changes in the genome with high throughput, efficiency, and resolution. A variety of different microarray-based approaches have emerged, with array comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH) being the method of choice in current clinical practice. Here we describe an alternative microarray-based technique called array-MAPH, derived from conventional Multiplex Amplifiable Probe Hybridization (MAPH).The main novelty of array-MAPH is the directed reduction of test DNA complexity prior to hybridization, yielding a mixture of specific probes, identical to target sequences on the microarray and thus increasing hybridization specificity. Unique amplifiable 400-600 bp fragments can be designed for any genomic region of interest, PCR-amplified, and spotted onto arrays as targets. The same sequences are combined into a probe mixture and hybridized to genomic DNA immobilized on a membrane. Bound probes are recovered by quantitative PCR and hybridized to the array. Array-MAPH can be used for the detection of small-scale copy-number changes, thereby providing new insights into the genetic basis of several diseases, including cancer.
Development and characterization of active pixel sensors for space applications (1998)

Since 1993, research concerning CMOS APS (Active Pixel Sensors) has been intensively carried out, in order to offer an alternative to CCDs as an image sensor, particularly in space applications. Many laboratories have demonstrated the feasibility of these new devices and the high level of performances that can be achieved. Nowadays, the first generation of commercial devices becomes available for consumer electronics, and start to be used in many applications such as surveillance micro-cameras, video- conferencing, digital-still cameras. The latest designs have shown that APS is getting closer to the CCD in terms of performance level in scientific applications. APS device offers high potentialities for space applications (low power, low cost, high integration level), and fast improvements will make this sensors available for spacecraft: star tracker, planetary imaging functions, fine guidance sensor... A summary of APS benefits for space applications will be presented in this paper. Recently developed APS image sensors (128 X 128 and 256 X 256 pixels) designed by the Conception d'Imageurs Matriciels Integres (CIMI) group of SUPAERO and jointly tested by CIMI and Matra Marconi Space will be presented. The results demonstrate that standard CMOS process is well suited for image sensors implementation. The trade-off regarding the pixel detector choice (photoMos vs photodiode) will be discussed. Finally, future trends and perspectives for APS applications in space activities will be presented.
End-to-End Mutual Coupling Aware Communication Model for Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces: An Electromagnetic-Compliant Approach Based on Mutual Impedances (2021)

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) are an emerging technology for application to wireless networks. We introduce a physics and electromagnetic (EM) compliant communication model for analyzing and optimizing RIS-assisted wireless systems. The proposed model has four main notable attributes: (i) it is end-to-end , i.e., it is formulated in terms of an equivalent channel that yields a one-to-one mapping between the voltages fed into the ports of a transmitter and the voltages measured at the ports of a receiver; (ii) it is EM-compliant , i.e., it accounts for the generation and propagation of the EM fields; (iii) it is mutual coupling aware , i.e., it accounts for the mutual coupling among the sub-wavelength unit cells of the RIS; and (iv) it is unit cell aware , i.e., it accounts for the intertwinement between the amplitude and phase response of the unit cells of the RIS.
Predictors of progression to severe Alzheimer's disease in an incidence sample (2012)

Demographic and clinical variables predict progression to severe AD. Further study should examine whether these relationships are causal or correlational.
Fetal tracheal occlusion in the rat model of nitrofen-induced congenital diaphragmatic hernia (1999)

Prenatal tracheal occlusion (TO) consistently accelerates lung growth in the sheep model of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). However, significant variability in lung growth has been observed in early clinical trials of TO. We hypothesized that lung hypoplasia created at relatively late stages of lung development may not be equivalent to human CDH-induced lung hypoplasia, which begins early in gestation. To test this hypothesis, we performed TO in the rat model of nitrofen-induced CDH. Left-sided CDH was induced by administering 100 mg of nitrofen to timed pregnant rats on day 9 of gestation. On day 19 of gestation, four to five fetuses per dam underwent surgical ligation of the trachea. At death (day 21.5), lungs from non-CDH (non-CDH group), left-CDH (CDH group), and trachea-occluded left-CDH fetuses (CDH-TO group) were harvested and compared by weight, DNA and protein content, and stereological morphometry. Wet and dry lung weight-to-body weight ratio, total lung DNA and protein contents, the volume of lung parenchyma, and the total saccular surface area of the CDH-TO group were significantly increased relative to the CDH group and were either greater than or comparable to the non-CDH controls. We conclude that TO accelerates lung growth and increases lung parenchyma in an early-onset model of CDH-induced lung hypoplasia.
Exploring the Impact of Elevated Turbine Blade Cooling Effectiveness and Turbine Material Temperatures on Gas Turbine Engine Performance and Cost (2015)

Since the 1950’s, the turbine inlet temperatures of gas turbine engines have been steadily increasing as engine designers have sought to increase engine thrust-to-weight and reduce fuel consumption. In turbojets and low-bypass turbofan engines, increasing the turbine inlet temperature boosts specific thrust, which in some cases can support supersonic flight without the use of an afterburner. In high-bypass gas turbine engines, increasing the turbine inlet temperature makes possible higher bypass ratios and overall pressure ratios, both of which reduce specific fuel consumption. Increased turbine inlet temperatures, without sacrificing blade life, have been made possible through advances in blade cooling effectiveness and high-temperature turbine blade materials. Investigating the impact of higher turbine inlet temperatures and the corresponding cooling air flow rates on specific thrust, specific fuel consumption, and engine development cost is the subject of this paper. A physics-based cooling effectiveness correlation is presented for linking turbine inlet temperature to cooling flow fraction. Two cases are considered: 1) a low-bypass, mixed-exhaust, non-afterburning turbofan engine intended to support supercruising at Mach 1.5 and 2) a high-bypass, unmixed-exhaust turbofan engine intended to support highly efficient, long range flight at Mach 0.8. For each of these two cases, both baseline and enhanced cooling effectiveness values as well as both baseline and elevated turbine blade material temperatures are considered. Comparing these cases will ensure that students taking courses in preliminary engine design understand why huge research investments continue to be made in turbine blade cooling and advanced, high-temperature turbine blade material development.