gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ATCT-28THE MODIFIED ATKINS DIET IN RECURRENT GLIOMA: A RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW (2015)

BACKGROUND: Glioblastoma (GBM) generates ATP via glycolysis even under oxygenation (Warburg effect). A strict ketogenic diet (KD) reduces glucose availability and increases ketone bodies. KD also reduces reactive oxygen species and downregulates signaling pathway genes associated with GBM growth (Scheck AC. 2012). Efficacy of KD as compared to standard diet is demonstrated in mouse GBM xenograft models (Abdelwahab MG. 2012). Rieger (Rieger J. 2014) demonstrated compliance in 17/20 recurrent GBM patients treated with a modified KD (up to 60 gm/day carbohydrate allowed). We report our experience with the modified Atkins diet (MAD) a high fat, carbohydrate-restricted (2-5% of total calories) diet in recurrent glioma patients. METHODS: Retrospective review of glioma patients treated with MAD at our institution. RESULTS: 13 patients aged 23-72 years with recurrent gliomas (7 GBM, 4 low grade, 2 anaplastic) were treated with MAD. IDH 1 was negative in 10/11 available tumor specimens. Diet was combined with chemotherapy or targeted agents in 9 patients. All created home meal plans. Two intermittently used a prepared food supplement to achieve diet guidelines. Time on diet ranged 1-21 mos.; 4 continue at 1.5 to 21 months. Two patients were noncompliant. Diet was discontinued because of disease progression in 4 (at 1-12 months). Two others discontinued the diet because of weight loss (1) and inconvenience (1). One experienced a serious adverse event (SAE) of renal calculus at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS: The MAD was tolerated in the majority of patients with recurrent glioma. There was one SAE. We are unable to correlate outcome with tumor IDH1 mutational status: IDH1 was negative in all but one tumor studied. The benefit of MAD and optimal combination with radiation and/or chemotherapy requires prospective study.
Photoelastic waveguides and their effect on stripe-geometry GaAs/Ga1−xAlxAs lasers (1979)

This paper describes a new type of waveguide mechanism found in oxide-insulated stripe-geometry GaAs/Ga1−xAlxAs lasers. The photoelastic waveguide is formed by small variations of the refractive index of the active layer beneath the stripe contact of the laser. The refractive-index variations are caused by the effect of a strain field in the semiconductor surrounding the stripe window. The large photoelastic coefficients of III-V semiconductors cause significant changes in refractive index for relatively small strains. The strain field in the semiconductor is caused by the high compressive stress in the oxide film; it builds up to its highest value beneath the edges of the stripe window. The maximum calculated compressive strain in the active layer 2-μm beneath a stripe window 20 μm wide opened in an oxide film 2700 Å thick is 3×10−4. This strain reduces the dielectric constant of the active layer by approximately 10−2. The sign of the oxide stress, the stripe width, and the active layer depth determine whether a waveguide or antiwaveguide is formed. Experimental measurements have been carried out on two types of photoelastic waveguide at 1.15μm wavelength. The results confirm the theoretical calculations. These simply fabricated waveguides may be suitable for integrated optic applications. The effect of the photoelastic waveguide on operating stripe-geometry lasers has been determined by controlled experiments, which clearly indicate that it is the predominant builtin waveguide mechanism. The results also show that a reasonably strong builtin photoelastic waveguide is essential if well-behaved (’’kink’’-free) stripe lasers are to be made with stripe widths of about 20 μm.
DIALED: Data Integrity Attestation for Low-end Embedded Devices (2021)

Verifying integrity of software execution in low-end microcontroller units (MCUs) is a well-known open problem. The central challenge is how to securely detect software exploits with minimal overhead, since these MCUs are designed for low cost, low energy and small size. Some recent work yielded inexpensive hardware/software co-designs for remotely verifying code and execution integrity. In particular, a means of detecting unauthorized code modifications and control-flow attacks were proposed, referred to as Remote Attestation (ℛA) and Control-Flow Attestation (CFA), respectively. Despite this progress, detection of data-only attacks remains elusive. Such attacks exploit software vulnerabilities to corrupt intermediate computation results stored in data memory, changing neither the program code nor its control flow. Motivated by lack of any current techniques (for low-end MCUs) that detect these attacks, in this paper we propose, implement and evaluate DIALED, the first Data-Flow Attestation (CFA) technique applicable to the most resource-constrained embedded devices (e.g., TI MSP430). DIALED works in tandem with a companion CFA scheme to detect all (currently known) types of runtime software exploits at fairly low cost.
Preparation of Nylon 6–Organoclay Nanocomposites via <I>In-Situ</I> Polymerization and Investigation of the Crystalline and Thermal Properties (2009)

In this study, organoclay nanocomposites based on two types of organoclay: montmorillonite intercalated with dimethyle, dehydrogenated tallow quaternary ammonium cation (Cloisite 20A) and dimethyl, 2-ethyl hexyl hydrogenated tallow alkyl ammonium cation (Cloisite 30B) with nylon 6 were prepared through in-situ polymerization. In this experiment, no solvents were used during the synthesis, a method which is employed in green chemistry approach. The organoclay was dispersed in molten monomer (caprolactam) and polymerization took place. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) and Ultra Violet (UV) absorbance techniques were used to characterize the two types of nanocomposites. The full exfoliation morphology of the two nanocomposites was shown by XRD. DSC analysis showed that crystalline structures of PA 6 were predominantly alpha form, with traces of the gamma and beta forms. While the addition of Cloisite 20A increased the amount of gamma and beta forms, Cloisite 30B eliminated crystalline beta form and increased the gamma form, so that gamma form became predominant crystalline form. FT-IR spectroscopy indicated some of the PA chains grafted on to montmorillonite surface modified by ammonium cations bearing hydroxyl groups.
Ruthenium(II) complex with a notably long excited state lifetime (2000)

A new Ru(II) diimine complex, [Ru(5-pyrenyl-1,10-phenanthroline)]3(PF6)2 ([Ru(py-phen)3]2+), possesses a room temperature excited state lifetime of 148 ± 8 μs.
Experimental study of Raman-active two-level systems in soda-lime-silica and lead oxide glasses (2002)

An experimental study of the low-frequency, low-temperature Raman scattering from two-level systems (TLS) has been carried out for a series of soda-lime-silica glasses with various amounts of CaO and BaO and also for a Steuben (PbO) glass. Raman scattering from the resonant interaction with TLS is observed for both kinds of glasses. Because of the experimental precision of these measurements, it has been possible to estimate the Raman-active TLS number density and to show that it does not scale with the strength of the boson peak in the vibrational spectrum. The cutoff in the Raman activity of TLS for all of these glasses is consistent with earlier far-infrared absorption studies.
Giant cell tumor of the sternum. Report of a case with a 17q isochromosome. (1999)

We report a case of giant cell tumor of the manubrium with radiological evidence of aggressiveness. Few cases of giant cell tumor of the sternum have been published. Extensive surgery offers the best hopes of recovery. Cytogenetic studies evidenced several clonal abnormalities including a 17q isochromosome. The TP53 suppressor gene is located at 17q13.1. Whether loss of one of the TP53 alleles may have contributed to the aggressive behavior of our patient's tumor is discussed.
Enhancing photo‐catalytic production of organic acids in the cyanobacterium S ynechocystis sp.   PCC 6803 Δ glg C , a strain incapable of glycogen storage (2015)

Summary A key objective in microbial biofuels strain development is to maximize carbon flux to target products while minimizing cell biomass accumulation, such that ideally the algae and bacteria would operate in a photo‐catalytic state. A brief period of such a physiological state has recently been demonstrated in the cyanobacterium S ynechocystis sp. PCC 6803 Δ glgC strain incapable of glycogen storage. When deprived of nitrogen, the Δ glgC excretes the organic acids alpha‐ketoglutarate and pyruvate for a number of days without increasing cell biomass. This study examines the relationship between the growth state and the photo‐catalytic state, and characterizes the metabolic adaptability of the photo‐catalytic state to increasing light intensity. It is found that the culture can transition naturally from the growth state into the photo‐catalytic state when provided with limited nitrogen supply during the growth phase. Photosynthetic capacity and pigments are lost over time in the photo‐catalytic state. Reversal to growth state is observed with re‐addition of nitrogen nutrient, accompanied by restoration of photosynthetic capacity and pigment levels in the cells. While the overall productivity increased under high light conditions, the ratio of alpha‐ketoglutarate/pyruvate is altered, suggesting that carbon partition between the two products is adaptable to environmental conditions.
Supplementary Table 2 from Serum Levels of Cytokines and Biomarkers for Inflammation and Immune Activation, and HIV-Associated Non-Hodgkin B-Cell Lymphoma Risk (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF - 122K, Geometrical mean serum values and confidence intervals of IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17F, IL-20, IL-27, IFN-γ, IP-10, LIF, neopterin, sCD40L, TNFα, VEGF, κ and λ for HIV+ individuals who later developed AIDS-NHL and for HIV+ controls (p-values calculated with Student t-tests). Fraction of detectable values (shaded area) of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-12, IL-17A, IL-23, IL-31, GM-CSF, and SDF-1α for HIV+ individuals who later developed AIDS-NHL and for HIV+ controls (p-values calculated using a chi-squared test).&lt;/p&gt;
Dynamic flexible intramedullary nailing in the treatment of fractures of the femoral diaphysis. (1986)

The authors report their experience in the treatment of fractures of the femoral shaft by flexible intramedullary nailing. This method involves particular biomechanical characteristics that permit stable fixation of the fracture while allowing early and complete functional recovery in the affected limb. The results are reported in 114 cases.
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF ACCESSORY SEX GLANDS IN THE MALE BLIND MOLE RAT (SPALAX EHRENBERGI) (2001)

The blind mole rat (Spalax ehrenbergi) is a solitary and aggressive subterranean rodent. Our study revealed the unique anatomical structure of reproductive glands, ejaculate, and spermatozoon of the male blind mole rat and the effect of testosterone on those glands. Unlike other rodents, only the prostate and Cowper's accessory sex glands are present, whereas coagulating gland, seminal vesicle, and preputial gland are absent. Three groups of male blind mole rats were examined: intact, injected, and castrated animals, and resulting differences in morphology of reproductive glands were examined histologically using quantitative measurements. Lowered testosterone levels in castrated blind mole rats caused a reduction in weight and star volume (υ*) of the prostate and Cowper's glands. Testosterone injection produced an increase in mass of the prostate gland but not in Cowper's glands, whereas both prostate tubuli υ* and Cowper's gland tubuli υ* also increased. The blind mole rat possesses only 2 accessory sex glands, both of which are influenced by testosterone levels.
Small-signal gain measurements in a discharge-pumped F2 laser (1997)

In a discharge-pumped F2 laser, time-resolved net-small-signal gain has been measured to study the population inversion by employing an oscillator-amplifier configuration. Characteristics of the gain and the fluorescence are studied under various conditions in two cases of He and Ne buffer gases. The peak of the net-small-signal gain in He/F2 and Ne/F2 show values of about 17%/cm and 9%/cm, respectively. The formation processes of the upper laser level F2(D′) are discussed on the basis of these experimental results.
[Identification of repetitive relationship patterns using the FRAMES METHOD]. (1998)

Frames is a method to identify Fundamental Repetitive And Maladaptive Emotion Structures in verbatim transcribed psychotherapy sessions. The 5 steps leading to Frames consist of 1. criteria to select sessions or other material apt to identifying Frames; 2. coding of emotions according to Dahls and Stengels (1978) category system; 3. the construction of an Object Map in which each person or object is located where he/she was referred to in the dialogue; 4. the identification of the narrative structure, i.e. the logical plot structure of the stories that are told about these objects; and 5. the construction of Frames as generalised patterns of behaviour. These 5 steps are demonstrated by means of material from a specimen (hour 290) from a psychoanalytical treatment.
Single photon emission computed tomography experience with (S)‐5‐[123I]iodo‐3‐(2‐azetidinylmethoxy)pyridine in the living human brain of smokers and nonsmokers (2009)

(S)-5-[(123)I]iodo-3-(2-azetidinylmethoxy)pyridine (5-[(123)I]IA), a novel potent radioligand for high-affinity alpha4beta2* neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), provides a means to evaluate the density and the distribution of nAChRs in the living human brain. We sought in healthy adult smokers and nonsmokers to (1) evaluate the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of 5-[(123)I]IA in an open nonblind trial and (2) to estimate the density and the distribution of alpha(4)beta(2)* nAChRs in the brain. Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) was performed for 5 h after the i.v. administration of approximately 0.001 microg/kg ( approximately 10 mCi) 5-[(123)I]IA. Blood pressure, heart rate, and neurobehavioral status were monitored before, during, and after the administration of 5-[(123)I]IA to 12 healthy adults (8 men and 4 women) (6 smokers and 6 nonsmokers) ranging in age from 19 to 46 years (mean = 28.25, standard deviation = 8.20). High plasma-nicotine level was significantly associated with low 5-[(123)I]IA binding in: (1) the caudate head, the cerebellum, the cortex, and the putamen, utilizing both the Sign and Mann-Whitney U-tests; (2) the fusiform gyrus, the hippocampus, the parahippocampus, and the pons utilizing the Mann-Whitney U-test; and (3) the thalamus utilizing the Sign test. We conclude that 5-[(123)I]IA is a safe, well-tolerated, and effective pharmacologic agent for human subjects to estimate high-affinity alpha4/beta2 nAChRs in the living human brain.
Induction of Serine Racemase by Inflammatory Stimuli Is Dependent on AP‐1 (2004)

Serine racemase (SRace) is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-serine to pyruvate or D-serine, an endogenous agonist for NMDA receptors. Our previous studies showed that inflammatory stimuli such as Abeta could elevate steady-state mRNA levels for SRace, perhaps leading to inappropriate glutamatergic stimulation under conditions of inflammation. We report here that a proinflammatory stimulus (lipopolysaccharide) elevated the activity of the human SRace promoter, as indicated by expression of a luciferase reporter system transfected into a microglial cell line. This effect corresponded to an elevation of SRace protein levels in microglia, as well. By contrast, dexamethasone inhibited the SRace promoter activity and led to an apparent suppression of SRace steady-state mRNA levels. A potential binding site for NFkappaB was explored, but this sequence played no significant role in SRace promoter activation. Instead, large deletions and site-directed mutagenesis indicated that a DNA element between -1382 and -1373 (relative to the start of translation) was responsible for the activation of the promoter by lipopolysaccharide. This region fits the consensus for an activator protein-1 binding site. Lipopolysaccharide induced an activity capable of binding this DNA element in electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Supershifts with antibodies against c-Fos and JunB identified these as the responsible proteins. An inhibitor of Jun N-terminal kinase blocked SRace promoter activation, further implicating activator protein-1. These data indicate that proinflammatory stimuli utilize a signal transduction pathway culminating in activator protein-1 activation to induce expression of serine racemase.
Data from Expansion of Candidate HPV-Specific T Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment during Chemoradiotherapy Is Prognostic in HPV16<sup>+</sup> Cancers (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection causes 600,000 new cancers worldwide each year. HPV-related cancers express the oncogenic proteins E6 and E7, which could serve as tumor-specific antigens. It is not known whether immunity to E6 and E7 evolves during chemoradiotherapy or affects survival. Using T cells from 2 HPV16&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; patients, we conducted functional T-cell assays to identify candidate HPV-specific T cells and common T-cell receptor motifs, which we then analyzed across 86 patients with HPV-related cancers. The HPV-specific clones and E7-related T-cell receptor motifs expanded in the tumor microenvironment over the course of treatment, whereas non–HPV-specific T cells did not. In HPV16&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; patients, improved recurrence-free survival was associated with HPV-responsive T-cell expansion during chemoradiotherapy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
STORMCEPTOR HYDROLOGY AND NON-POINT SOURCE POLLUTION REMOVAL ESTIMATES (2007)

A model was developed to estimate total suspended solids (TSS) removal in the Stormceptor, an oil/sediment separator. The model was based on a commonly used continuous simulation model (USEPA SWMM) for hydrological processes. The suspended solids’ loading was estimated using build-up and wash-off equations. The solids were assumed to be distributed into five particle sizes for settling calculations. Simulations were conducted using various assumptions of loading and settling velocities to determine the sensitivity of the model to assumptions. Simulations were also conducted for a diverse range of geographic areas to determine the sensitivity of the TSS removal rates to regional hydrology. The model was sensitive to the selection of settling velocities and pollutant loading. The model was less sensitive to changes in hydrology although significant changes in hydrology did impact TSS removal estimates.
The leading edge of production wafer probe test technology (2005)

Microelectronic wafer and die level testing have undergone significant changes in the past few years. This work's first section describes today's leading edge characteristics for numerous areas of this test technology including the minimum I/O pad pitch, advances in contactor technologies, maximum number of l/Os probed, maximum number of die tested in parallel, the largest prober and substrates, and the maximum frequencies being tested at the wafer level. The second section discuss the leading edge practices in three critical areas of wafer test: probe contactor cleaning, I/O pad damage minimization, and sorting good from bad die. The final section present the communication methods between the design and the probe test organizations and some state-of-the-art examples for I/O pad designs.
Spin-Transfer Torque Devices for Logic and Memory: Prospects and Perspectives (2015)

As CMOS technology begins to face significant scaling challenges, considerable research efforts are being directed to investigate alternative device technologies that can serve as a replacement for CMOS. Spintronic devices, which utilize the spin of electrons as the state variable for computation, have recently emerged as one of the leading candidates for post-CMOS technology. Recent experiments have shown that a nano-magnet can be switched by a spin-polarized current and this has led to a number of novel device proposals over the past few years. In this paper, we provide a review of different mechanisms that manipulate the state of a nano-magnet using current-induced spin-transfer torque and demonstrate how such mechanisms have been engineered to develop device structures for energy-efficient on-chip memory and logic.
Probing the coupling between a doublon excitation and the charge-density wave inTaS2by ultrafast optical spectroscopy (2016)

Recently, the switching between the different charge-ordered phases of $1T\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{TaS}}_{2}$ has been probed by ultrafast techniques, revealing unexpected phenomena such as ``hidden'' metastable states and peculiar photoexcited charge patterns. Here, we apply broadband pump-probe spectroscopy with varying excitation energy to study the ultrafast optical properties of $1T\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{TaS}}_{2}$ in the visible regime. By scanning the excitation energy in the near-IR region we unravel the coupling between different charge excitations and the low-lying charge-density wave state. We find that the amplitude mode of the charge-density wave exhibits strong coupling to a long-lived doublon state that is photoinduced in the center of the star-shaped charge-ordered Ta clusters by the near-IR optical excitation.
An Integrated Approach of Deep Learning and Symbolic Analysis for Digital PDF Table Extraction (2021)

Deep learning has shown great success at interpreting unstructured data such as object recognition in images. Symbolic/logical-reasoning techniques have shown great success in interpreting structured data such as table extraction in webpages, custom text files, spreadsheets. The tables in PDF documents are often generated from such structured sources (text-based Word/LATEX documents, spreadsheets, webpages) but end up being unstructured. We thus explore novel combinations of deep learning and symbolic reasoning techniques to build an effective solution for PDF table extraction. We evaluate effectiveness without granting partial credit for matching part of a table (which may cause silent errors in downstream data processing). Our method achieves a 0.725 F1 score (vs. 0.339 for the state-of-the-art) on detecting correct table bounds-a much stricter metric than the common one of detecting characters within tables-in a well known public benchmark (ICDAR 2013) and a 0.404 F1 score (vs. 0.144 for the state-of-the-art) on our private benchmark with more widely varied table structures.
Dried Milk Products (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Definitions Microbial quality Functionality and certain technical aspects Specific processes Quality assessment Conclusions References
Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of the anti‐COVID‐19 Drug Remdesivir (2020)

The catalytic asymmetric synthesis of the anti-COVID-19 drug Remdesivir has been realized by the coupling of the P-racemic phosphoryl chloride with protected nucleoside GS441524. The chiral bicyclic imidazole catalyst used is crucial for the dynamic kinetic asymmetric transformation (DyKAT) to proceed smoothly with high reactivity and excellent stereoselectivity (96 % conv., 22:1 S<sub>P</sub> :R<sub>P</sub> ). Mechanistic studies showed that this DyKAT is a first-order visual kinetic reaction dependent on the catalyst concentration. The unique chiral bicyclic imidazole skeleton and carbamate substituent of the catalyst are both required for the racemization process, involving the phosphoryl chloride, and subsequent stereodiscriminating step. A 10 gram scale reaction was also conducted with comparably excellent results, showing its potential for industrial application.