gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Entropy Changes of Ferromagnetic-Antiferromagnetic Transitions from Magnetic Measurements (1963)

The thermodynamics of magnetic processes in several compounds undergoing ferro- or ferrimagnetic to antiferromagnetic transitions are studied using critical field-transition temperature data obtained with a miniature-coil, pulsed-field technique. The zero-field transition entropy change in each material is calculated by means of the magnetic Clapeyron equation. The results are discussed in terms of the Kittel theory of exchange inversion. The variation of exchange constant α with lattice parameter c is found to vary over only a small range, and is roughly proportional to the reciprocal of the sublattice magnetization.
Effects of pH, Temperature, and Chemical Structure on the Stability of S-(Purin-6-yl)-l-cysteine:  Evidence for a Novel Molecular Rearrangement Mechanism To Yield N-(Purin-6-yl)-l-cysteine (1996)

The stability of S-(purin-6-yl)-L-cysteine (SPC), a kidney-selective prodrug of 6-mercaptopurine and a putative metabolite of 6-chloropurine, was investigated under various pH and temperature conditions. At room temperature, the half-life (t 1/2) of SPC at either highly acidic (pH 3.6) or basic conditions (pH 9.6) was longer than at neutral or slightly acidic or basic conditions (pH 5.7-8.75). The primary degradation product, N-(purin-6-yl)-L-cysteine (NPC), was isolated using Sephadex LH-20 chromatography and characterized by 1H NMR and FAB/MS after derivatization with 2-iodoacetic acid. These results reveal novel stability requirements and implicate the cysteinyl amino group and the purinyl N-1 nitrogen in the mechanism of SPC rearrangement to NPC. Further evidence for this hypothesis was provided by the findings that the stability of SPC in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) at 37 degrees C was similar to that of S-(guanin-6-yl)-L-cysteine, whereas S-(purin-6-yl)-N-acetyl-L-cysteine and S-(purin-6-yl)glutathione which have their cysteine amino groups blocked were much more stable than SPC. S-(Purin-6-yl)-L-homocysteine (SPHC) was also more stable than SPC, possibly because the formation of a 6-membered ring transition state as would be expected with SPHC is kinetically less favored than the formation of a 5-membered ring transition state as would be expected with SPC. These results may explain previous in vivo metabolism results of SPC and its analogs and may contribute to a better understanding of stability of structurally related cysteine S-conjugates.
Crystal structure and spectroscopic, magnetic, and electrical properties of a copper(II) dimer, melaminium hexachlorodicuprate, exhibiting a new stacking interaction (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCrystal structure and spectroscopic, magnetic, and electrical properties of a copper(II) dimer, melaminium hexachlorodicuprate, exhibiting a new stacking interactionA. Colombo, L. Menabue, A. Motori, Gian Carlo Pellacani, W. Porzio, F. Sandrolini, and R. D. WillettCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1985, 24, 19, 2900–2905Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00213a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00213a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views241Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Vapor transport growth of MoS2 nucleated on SiO2 patterns and graphene flakes (2016)

Vapor transport growth of atomically thin MoS2 layers on patterned substrates is investigated, as it is a step towards the self-aligned growth and formation of heterojunctions, which could be useful in future applications. Enhanced formation of MoS2 flakes at the pattern edges is observed on both the substrates examined, namely, patterned thermal SiO2 on Si(100) and graphene flakes on SiO2. The diffusion driven growth leads to the formation of MoS2 monolayers (MLs) with sizes of tens of micrometers around the edges of SiO2 patterns. The growth mode and the optical quality of the MoS2 flakes can be controlled by varying the substrate temperature. Besides the lateral growth, 3R-type pyramids are obtained on prolonging the growth. Lateral MoS2-graphene heterostructures are obtained by using graphene flakes on SiO2 as a substrate.
Improved fertilization and implantation rates after non-touch zona pellucida microdrilling of mouse oocytes with a 1.48 m diode laser beam (1996)

The safety of microdrilling the zona pellucida of mouse oocytes with a 1.48 microm diode laser has been investigated by determining the ability of mouse oocytes to fertilize in vitro and develop in vivo. Mice born after transfer of control and zona pellucida-microdrilled embryos into foster mothers were submitted to anatomical and immunohistochemical investigations, and their aptitude to breed was assessed in two subsequent generations. Decoronization of the oocytes with hyaluronidase induced a reduction of the fertilization and implantation rates, which was attributed to a zona hardening phenomenon. After laser zona pellucida microdrilling, these rates were restored to those obtained with embryos derived from untreated oocyte-cumulus complexes. Pups derived from zona pellucida microdrilled embryos were comparable with those obtained from control embryos, confirming the lack of deleterious effects of the laser treatment. In conclusion, the 1.48 microm diode laser allows safe microdrilling of the zona pellucida of mouse oocytes after decoronization with hyaluronidase. Based on the health of the F2 generation and the lack of neuroanatomical and neurochemical differences, we concluded that this technology may be investigated in the human, particularly when the zona pellucida represents the main impediment for fertilization or embryo hatching.
Cholesterol-derived glucocorticoids control early fate specification in embryonic stem cells (2015)

Aside from its role in cell membrane integrity, cholesterol is a key component in steroid hormone production. The vital functions of steroid hormones such as estrogen, testosterone, glucocorticoids (Gcrts) and mineralocorticoids (Mnrts) in perinatal and adult life are well understood; however, their role during early embryonic development remains largely unexplored. Here we show that siRNA-mediated perturbation of steroid hormone production during mesoderm formation has important consequences on cardiac differentiation in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESC). Both Gcrts and Mnrts are capable of driving cardiac differentiation in mESC. Interestingly, the Gcrt receptor is widely expressed during gastrulation in the mouse, and is exclusively localized in the nuclei-and thus active-in visceral endoderm cells, suggesting that it functions much earlier than previously anticipated. We therefore studied Gcrt signaling in mESC as a model of the gastrulating embryo, and found that Gcrt signaling regulates expression of the transcription factor Hnf4a and the secreted Nodal and BMP inhibitor Cer1 in the early visceral endoderm. RNAi-mediated knockdown of Gcrt function blocked cardiomyocyte differentiation, with limited effects on other cardiovascular cell types including vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle. Furthermore, the cardiogenic effect of Gcrts required Hnf4a and paracrine Cer1. These results establish a novel function for cholesterol-derived steroid hormones and identify Gcrt signaling in visceral endoderm cells as a regulator of Cer1 and cardiac fate.
A Metadata Registry for the Semantic Web (2002)

The Semantic Web activity is a W3C project whose goal is to enable a 'cooperative' Web where machines and humans can exchange electronic content that has clear-cut, unambiguous meaning. This vision is based on the automated sharing of metadata terms across Web applications. The declaration of schemas in metadata registries advance this vision by providing a common approach for the discovery, understanding, and exchange of semantics. However, many of the issues regarding registries are not clear, and ideas vary regarding their scope and purpose. Additionally, registry issues are often difficult to describe and comprehend without a working example. This article will explore the role of metadata registries and will describe three prototypes, written by the Dublin Core Metadata Initiative. The article will outline how the prototypes are being used to demonstrate and evaluate application scope, functional requirements, and technology solutions for metadata registries.
The algorithm of malicious code detection based on data mining (2017)

Traditional technology of malicious code detection has low accuracy and it has insufficient detection capability for new variants. In terms of malicious code detection technology which is based on the data mining, its indicators are not accurate enough, and its classification detection efficiency is relatively low. This paper proposed the information gain ratio indicator based on the N-gram to choose signature, this indicator can accurately reflect the detection weight of the signature, and helped by C4.5 decision tree to elevate the algorithm of classification detection.
Embryonic Stem Cells Form Articular Cartilage, not Teratomas, in Osteochondral Defects of Rat Joints (2004)

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are considered to be a potential tool for repairing articular cartilage defects, but so far it has been impossible to cause these cells to differentiate into chondrocytes exclusively, either in vivo or in vitro. To explore a potential new cell source of cell transplantation for articular cartilage defects, we transplanted ES cells into articular cartilage defects in immunosuppressed rats. ES cells (AB2.2 or CCE cells) were transplanted into articular cartilage defects in the patellar groove of immunosuppressed rats treated with cyclosporine. The cells were histologically observed until 8 weeks after transplantation. To determine whether the repair tissue in the defect in the AB2.2-transplanted group was derived from the transplanted cells, the neomycin-resistant gene, which had been transfected into AB2.2 cells but does not exist in rat cells, was used for detection. The cells produced cartilage, resulting in repair of the defects from 4 weeks until 8 weeks after the transplantation without forming any teratomas. The neomycin-resistant gene was detected in every sample, demonstrating that the repair tissue in the AB2.2-transplanted group was derived from the transplanted AB2.2 cells. The environment of osteochondral defects is chondrogenic for ES cells. ES cells may thus be a potential tool for repairing articular cartilage defects.
Activation of the multicatalytic proteinase from rat skeletal muscle by fatty acids or sodium dodecyl sulphate (1985)

A multicatalytic proteinase from rat skeletal muscle contains active site(s) catalysing the degradation of benzoyl-Val-Gly-Arg 4-methyl-7-coumarylamide, succinyl-Ala-Ala-Phe 4-methylcoumarylamide and [14C]methylcasein as well as benzyloxy-carbonyl-Leu-Leu-Glu 2-naphthylamide. These activities are 7-14-fold activated by 1 mM-sodium dodecyl sulphate. The activation leads to a higher susceptibility to the proteinase inhibitor chymostatin and to a lower ability to be inhibited and precipitated by antibodies raised against the non-activated enzyme. Since no changes in Mr or subunit composition were observed in the SDS-activated form, some conformational changes seem to occur during the activation step. More pronounced activation was observed in the presence of physiological concentrations of fatty acids; oleic acid at 100 microM concentrations stimulated the proteinase about 50-fold. In contrast with the non-activated proteinase, the activated enzyme considerably degrades muscle cytoplasmic proteins in vitro. Thus it is not unlikely that, in vivo, potential activators such as fatty acids can induce the multicatalytic proteinase to participate in muscle protein breakdown.
Interactions among lactose, spray-dried animal plasma, and soybean meal levels may affect segregated early-weaned pigs (1995)

Pigs weaned in a segregated early weaning (SEW) environment achieved maximum performance when fed a sequence of diets containing a gradual decrease in spray-dried animal plasma. Furthermore, pigs weaned at approximately 19 days responded positively to 20% soybean meal. Increased levels of lactose enhanced the increases in performance from soybean meal.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 16, 1995
Anti-VEGF Therapy Revived by c-Met Inhibition, but Is c-Met the Answer? (2012)

A new study by Sennino and colleagues demonstrates that selective VEGF inhibition via the use of an anti-VEGF antibody is sufficient to increase invasion and metastasis in a c-Met-dependent manner. Anti-VEGF therapy induced tumor hypoxia, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α, and c-Met activation in the RIP-Tag2 model of neuroendocrine pancreatic cancer. Selective c-Met inhibition was sufficient to block these effects, providing a potential mechanism for and solution to overcome increased invasion in the face of anti-VEGF therapy.
A Basis for Formal Robustness Checking (2008)

Correct input/output behavior of circuits in presence of internal malfunctions becomes more and more important. But reliable and efficient methods to measure this robustness are not available yet. In this paper a formal measure for the robustness of a circuit is introduced. Then, a first algorithm to determine the robustness is presented. This is done by reducing the problem either to sequential equivalence checking or to a sequence of property checking instances. The technique also identifies those parts of the circuit that are not robust from a functional point of view and therefore have to be hardened during layout.
Synthesis of (±)-cis-6-methyltetrahydropyran-2-ylacetic acid, a natural product from Viverra civetta, using organoselenium-mediated cyclisation reactions (1984)

Two highly stereoselective syntheses of the natural product (±)-cis-6-methyltetrahydropyran-2-ylacetic acid (1) are described. The shorter of these is a three-step synthesis involving kinetic alkylation of the dianion derived from benzyl acetoacetate with 4-bromobut-1-ene, followed by organoselenium mediated cyclisation with N-phenylselenophthalimide, to give benzyl 6-phenylselenomethyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-pyran-2-ylacetate (11) and benzyl 6-phenylselenomethyltetrahydropyran-2-ylideneacettate (12), which upon reaction with Raney nickel under 100 atm of hydrogen directly affords compound (1).
Nuciferine protects against folic acid‐induced acute kidney injury by inhibiting ferroptosis (2021)

Nuciferine ameliorated renal injury in mice with acute kidney injury, perhaps by inhibiting the ferroptosis. Nuciferine may represent a novel treatment that improves recovery from acute kidney injury by targeting ferroptosis.
Caloric restriction reduces age at menopause: the effect of the 1944-1945 Dutch famine (2018)

Our findings suggest that caloric restriction decreases age at natural menopause. Early childhood seems to be a particularly sensitive age period for this effect.
Out-of-focus Blur: Image De-blurring (2017)

Image de-blurring is important in many cases of imaging a real scene or object by a camera. This project focuses on de-blurring an image distorted by an out-of-focus blur through a simulation study. A pseudo-inverse filter is first explored but it fails because of severe noise amplification. Then Tikhonov regularization methods are employed, which produce greatly improved results compared to the pseudo-inverse filter. In Tikhonov regularization, the choice of the regularization parameter plays a critical rule in obtaining a high-quality image, and the regularized solutions possess a semi-convergence property. The best result, with the relative restoration error of 8.49%, is achieved when the prescribed discrepancy principle is used to decide an optimal value. Furthermore, an iterative method, Conjugated Gradient, is employed for image de-blurring, which is fast in computation and leads to an even better result with the relative restoration error of 8.22%. The number of iteration in CG acts as a regularization parameter, and the iterates have a semi-convergence property as well.
Measurement of thee+e−→ηπ+π−cross section in the center-of-mass energy range 1.22–2.00 GeV with the SND detector at the VEPP-2000 collider (2015)

In the experiment with the SND detector at the VEPP-2000 ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ collider the cross section for the process ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\eta}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ has been measured in the center-of-mass energy range from 1.22 to 2.00 GeV. Obtained results are in agreement with previous measurements and have better accuracy. The energy dependence of the ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\eta}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ cross section has been fitted with the vector-meson dominance model. From this fit the product of the branching fractions $B(\ensuremath{\rho}(1450)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\eta}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}})B(\ensuremath{\rho}(1450)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}})$ has been extracted and compared with the same products for $\ensuremath{\rho}(1450)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\omega}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$ and $\ensuremath{\rho}(1450)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ decays. The obtained cross section data have been also used to test the conservation of vector current hypothesis.
Benefit of Intracystic Bleomycin for Symptomatic Recurrent Rathke Cleft Cyst (2018)

The use of intracystic bleomycin appears to be a safe and potentially effective treatment option in patients with recurrent RCC. Additional studies with longer follow-up are needed to further define the role of bleomycin in recurrent RCC.
Studies on Ergot Alkaloids and Related Compounds. IV. Preparation and Lithium Aluminum Hydride Reduction of Some Vinylogous Lactams (1962)

Condensation of 5-phthalimido-2-tetralone (Ic) and methyl 2-methyl-3-methylaminopropionate (XIV) by the method of Nelson, et al. yielded (IIIc) as a major product and (IVc) as a minor product. The structures of both products were established mainly by comparison of their infrared and ultraviolet spectra with those of several compounds having similar structures. Consequently, it was found that nine vinylogous lactams newly prepared could be classified into two groups, normal vinylogous lactams (IVb, c), (VIIIa, b, c) and crass-canjugated ones (IIIa-d), (VI), from their spectral data and their behaviors towards lithium aluminum hydride reduction.
Engine noise separation through MCMC sampling in a hierarchical Bayesian context (2016)

International audience
Synthesis, Characterization, and Comparative in Vitro Cytotoxicity Studies of Platinum(II), Palladium(II), and Gold(III) Methylsarcosinedithiocarbamate Complexes (2005)

This work reports on the synthesis, characterization, and in vitro cytotoxic activity of some new platinum(II), palladium(II), and gold(III) derivatives of methylsarcosinedithiocarbamate and its S-methyl ester, to study their behavior as potential antitumor agents. The biological activity of these compounds, as determined by growth inhibition and apoptosis induction, has been investigated in both human leukemic promyelocites HL60 and human squamous cervical adenocarcinoma HeLa cell lines, and their activity has been compared to the well-known platinum-based anticancer agent cisplatin. On the basis of these experimental results, [Pd(MSDT)X]n (MSDT = methylsarcosinedithiocarbamate; X = Cl, Br) complexes show a strong dose-dependent growth inhibition of both HL60 and HeLa cells, with IC(50) values slightly higher than those recorded for cisplatin; moreover, [Au(MSDT)X(2)] activity appears significantly higher or, at least, comparable to that of the reference drug. Exposure of both cell lines to [Pd(MSDT)X]n and [Au(MSDT)X(2)] complexes induces apoptosis, as determined by an Apo2.7 assay.
Multi-Tissue Decomposition of Diffusion MRI Signals via L0 Sparse-Group Estimation (2016)

Sparse estimation techniques are widely utilized in diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (DMRI). In this paper, we present an algorithm for solving the ℓ<sub>0</sub> sparse-group estimation problem and apply it to the tissue signal separation problem in DMRI. Our algorithm solves the ℓ<sub>0</sub> problem directly, unlike existing approaches that often seek to solve its relaxed approximations. We include the mathematical proofs showing that the algorithm will converge to a solution satisfying the firstorder optimality condition within a finite number of iterations. We apply this algorithm to DMRI data to tease apart signal contributions from white matter, gray matter, and cerebrospinal fluid with the aim of improving the estimation of the fiber orientation distribution function (FODF). Unlike spherical deconvolution approaches that assume an invariant fiber response function (RF), our approach utilizes an RF group to span the signal subspace of each tissue type, allowing greater flexibility in accounting for possible variations of the RF throughout space and within each voxel. Our ℓ<sub>0</sub> algorithm allows for the natural groupings of the RFs to be considered during signal decomposition. Experimental results confirm that our method yields estimates of FODFs and volume fractions of tissue compartments with improved robustness and accuracy. Our ℓ<sub>0</sub> algorithm is general and can be applied to sparse estimation problems beyond the scope of this paper.
Antimicrobial Peptides in COPD - Basic Biology and Therapeutic Applications (2006)

A large number of studies have implicated activation of innate immune mechanisms in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Accumulation of inflammatory cells, chemokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines is a hallmark of activation of these mechanisms, but only a few studies have focussed on antimicrobial peptides in COPD. These peptides are a central component of innate immunity, and airway epithelial cells and neutrophils in the lung are the main cellular sources. In addition to their direct antimicrobial action, antimicrobial peptides have been shown to display a variety of activities that may implicate them in the pathogenesis of COPD. This is based on the observation that they not only contribute to defense against respiratory pathogens that have been associated with COPD, but may also contribute to the influx of inflammatory cells, activation of adaptive immunity and epithelial remodeling. The aim of this review is to provide an update on the basic biology of antimicrobial peptides in the lung, with a focus on their putative role in COPD. In addition, the implication of this knowledge for future treatment of COPD is discussed.