gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Speech Quality Feature Analysis for Classification of Depression and Dementia Patients (2020)

Loss of cognitive ability is commonly associated with dementia, a broad category of progressive brain diseases. However, major depressive disorder may also cause temporary deterioration of one's cognition known as pseudodementia. Differentiating a true dementia and pseudodementia is still difficult even for an experienced clinician and extensive and careful examinations must be performed. Although mental disorders such as depression and dementia have been studied, there is still no solution for shorter and undemanding pseudodementia screening. This study inspects the distribution and statistical characteristics from both dementia patient and depression patient, and compared them. It is found that some acoustic features were shared in both dementia and depression, albeit their correlation was reversed. Statistical significance was also found when comparing the features. Additionally, the possibility of utilizing machine learning for automatic pseudodementia screening was explored. The machine learning part includes feature selection using LASSO algorithm and support vector machine (SVM) with linear kernel as the predictive model with age-matched symptomatic depression patient and dementia patient as the database. High accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity was obtained in both training session and testing session. The resulting model was also tested against other datasets that were not included and still performs considerably well. These results imply that dementia and depression might be both detected and differentiated based on acoustic features alone. Automated screening is also possible based on the high accuracy of machine learning results.
Development of the dodecahedral penton particle from adenovirus 3 for therapeutic application (2006)

The subviral dodecahedral particle of adenovirus 3, which assembles spontaneously in insect cells expressing the viral penton base protein, shows promise as a vector for drug delivery. Its ability to gain cell entry has been demonstrated and recent structural analysis has outlined details of the interfaces between penton bases and the importance of proteolysis of the penton base N terminus for assembly, providing a basis for understanding particle assembly and stability. Here, work in manipulating the assembly status of the dodecahedron by changing buffer conditions and subsequent success in passively encapsidating a marker molecule is described. This represents an important stage towards development of the dodecahedral particle for use as a delivery vehicle capable of targeting therapeutic molecules to specific cell types.
Implementation of a SIP Extension to Enable a More Efficient Communication Control (2009)

Nowadays, users are reachable through a number of telecommunication devices, network operators, as well as services and applications. The calling users if provided with the appropriate information can manually select the most suitable way of communication. Although this capability already affects existing business models, the lack of a transparent and a dynamic solution renders it hard to use. To tackle this issue we suggest minor extensions in the SIP protocol as well as the use of middleware to allow calling users to dynamically select the best way to route their invitation requests for multimedia communication towards called users. These extensions, based on the well established SIP standards, are described in detail while details for the incorporation of these extensions in an open source SIP protocol stack and examples are also provided.
Development of new maleimides applied to spin-on carbon hardmask with characteristics of high heat resistance and good planarization (2019)

We had developed various Polyphenols and Xanthene derivatives such as NF7177C and NF0197 which showed high heat resistance. In this paper, we reported on new mareimide derivatives named “NeoFARIT N0XX (NFN0XX)” series which showed the highest heat resistance of our SOC materials [1]. To increase heat resistance drastically, we focused on Polyimides’s structure. Generally speaking, polyimide resin shows the highest heat resistance in typical polymer. Introducing maleimide structure also resulted in increasing heat resistance of SOC materials drastically. For example, NeoFARIT N0XX” series show very slight weight loss to 400&deg;C. Although the weight loss of NF0197, which showed the highest heat resistance in our phenol materials, was 4.7% at 400&deg;C in the air in TG-DTA analysis, those of NFN001 and NFN005 were less than 1% in the same condition. Moreover, the weight loss of NFN001, NFN005 and NFN006 at 450&deg;C in the air was less than 5%. While these materials showed highlighted heat resistance, they showed poor solubility in PGME and PGMEA. Then, we tried to improve the solubility of NFN0XX and developed NFN009 and NFN010 whose solubility in PGMEA was 30%. NFN009 showed not only good solubility in PGMEA but also high heat resistance comparable to NFN001, NFN005 and NFN006. We also try to improve the heat resistance of NFN0XX and developed NFN011 and its cured film showed slight shrinkage at 450&deg;C bake.
Quantification of left-to-right shunting in adult congenital heart disease: phase-contrast cine MRI compared with invasive oximetry (2009)

Atrial septum defects (ASDs), ventricular septum defects (VSDs) and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) are the most common adult congenital heart defects. The degree of left-to-right shunting as assessed by the ratio of flow in the pulmonary (Qp) and systemic circulation (Qs) is crucial in the management of these conditions. This study compared phase-contrast cine magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI), a non-invasive imaging technique, with invasive oximetry for the measurement of shunt volumes during cardiac catheterisation in adults with left-to-right shunting. Both invasive oximetry and shunt quantification by PC-MRI (1.5 T scanner; Sonata, Siemens Medical Solutions) were performed on 21 patients with left-to-right shunting (14 ASD, 5 VSD, 2 PDA) and data on Qp/Qs ratios and left-to-right shunt fraction compared. Mean Qp/Qs ratios assessed by PC-MRI and oximetry were 2.10+/-0.76 and 1.96+/-0.77, respectively (p = 0.37). Mean shunt fraction was 46.3+/-19.6% when calculated by PC-MRI and 42.3+/-20.1% when obtained by oximetry (p = 0.12). There was a strong correlation of Qp/Qs ratios and shunt fraction between both methods (r = 0.61, p < 0.01 and r = 0.84, p < 0.0001, respectively). The two methods had a good agreement according to Bland and Altman plots with a small but non-significant overestimation of Qp/Qs-ratios and shunt fraction by PC-MRI. On receiver operating characteristic analysis, the sensitivity and specificity of PC-MRI to detect an oximetry-derived Qp/Qs ratio of > or =1.5:1 were 93% and 100% at a PC-MRI threshold of a Qp/Qs ratio > or =1.75:1 (area under curve (AUC) = 0.99). Quantification of left-to-right shunting can be performed reliably and accurately by PC-MRI and the data obtained by this method correlate closely to those from invasive oximetry.
Recent advances in peptide chain termination (1990)

Peptide chain termination occurs when a stop codon is decoded by a release factor. In Escherichia coli two codon-specific release factors (RF1 and RF2) direct the termination of protein synthesis, while in eukaryotes a single factor is required. The E. coli factors have been purified and their genes isolated. A combination of protein and DNA sequence data reveal that the RFs are structurally similar and that RF2 is encoded in two reading frames. Frame-shifting from one reading frame to the next occurs at a rate of 50%, is regulated by the RF2-specific stop codon UGA, and involves the direct interaction of the RF2 mRNA with the 3' end of the 16S rRNA. The RF genes are located in two separate operons, with the RF1 gene located at 26.7 min and the RF2 gene at 62.3 min on the chromosome map. Ribosomal binding studies place the RF-binding region at the interface between the ribosomal subunits. A possible mechanism of stop-codon recognition is reviewed.
Continuous Culture Adaptation of Methylobacterium extorquens AM1 and TK 0001 to Very High Methanol Concentrations (2019)

The bio-economy relies on microbial strains optimized for efficient large scale production of chemicals and fuels from inexpensive and renewable feedstocks under industrial conditions. The reduced one carbon compound methanol, whose production does not involve carbohydrates needed for the feed and food sector, can be used as sole carbon and energy source by methylotrophic bacteria like <i>Methylobacterium extorquens</i> AM1. This strain has already been engineered to produce various commodity and high value chemicals from methanol. The toxic effect of methanol limits its concentration as feedstock to 1% v/v. We obtained <i>M. extorquens</i> chassis strains tolerant to high methanol via adaptive directed evolution using the GM3 technology of automated continuous culture. Turbidostat and conditional medium swap regimes were employed for the parallel evolution of the recently characterized strain TK 0001 and the reference strain AM1 and enabled the isolation of derivatives of both strains capable of stable growth with 10% methanol. The isolates produced more biomass at 1% methanol than the ancestor strains. Genome sequencing identified the gene <i>metY</i> coding for an <i>O</i>-acetyl-L-homoserine sulfhydrylase as common target of mutation. We showed that the wildtype enzyme uses methanol as substrate at elevated concentrations. This side reaction produces methoxine, a toxic homolog of methionine incorporated in polypeptides during translation. All mutated <i>metY</i> alleles isolated from the evolved populations coded for inactive enzymes, designating <i>O</i>-acetyl-L-homoserine sulfhydrylase as a major vector of methanol toxicity. A whole cell transcriptomic analysis revealed that genes coding for chaperones and proteases were upregulated in the evolved cells as compared with the wildtype, suggesting that the cells had to cope with aberrant proteins formed during the adaptation to increasing methanol exposure. In addition, the expression of ribosomal proteins and enzymes related to energy production from methanol like formate dehydrogenases and ATP synthases was boosted in the evolved cells upon a short-term methanol stress. D-lactate production from methanol by adapted cells overexpressing the native D-lactate dehydrogenase was quantified. A significant higher lactate yield was obtained compared with control cells, indicating an enhanced capacity of the cells resistant to high methanol to assimilate this one carbon feedstock more efficiently.
ABSORPTION SPECTRA SIMULATION OF PERSISTENCE-TYPE CYANINE DYE AGGREGATES IN LB FILMS (2001)

Simulation of the absorption spectra of the 2D persistence-type molecular aggregates consisting of the combination of oxacyanine dye (S9) and thiacyanine dye (S11) is being considered. These aggregates are modeled by square matrix structure in the extended dipole approximation. The simulation takes into account the vector properties of the transitional dipole moment, its orientation, diagonal disorder and the composition of the aggregate. Good fit with the experiment is obtained for dipole tilt angle θ=40°, dipole moment μ=8.1 D and the disorder parameter of 450 cm -1 for various molar fractions of dyes.
Estimation of detection thresholds for acoustic based redirected walking techniques (2013)

We describe two psychophysical experiments where we have quantified how much humans can unknowingly be redirected by auditory stimuli. The experiments use a two-alternative-forced-choice task. We tested 19 subjects in two different experiments: (E1) discrimination between virtual and physical rotation, and (E2) discrimination of path curvature. In experiment E1 subjects performed rotations with different gains, and then had to choose whether the auditory perceived rotation was smaller or greater than the physical rotation. In experiment E2 subjects estimate the path curvature when walking a curved path in the real world while the visual display shows a straight path in the virtual world. Our results show that users can be turned physically about 20% percent more or 12% less than the perceived virtual rotation, and users can be redirected on a circular arc while they believe they are walking straight.
Health Disparities in Kidney Disease — Emerging Data from the Human Genome (2013)

Racial disparity in end-stage renal disease in the United States is well documented; hypertensive kidney disease has long been considered to be a leading cause of this disorder among black patients. The overall incidence of end-stage renal disease is 3.5 to 5 times as high among black patients as among white patients.1 Overall, nondiabetic chronic kidney disease afflicts black patients disproportionately. In one study, the rate of nephropathy associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection among black patients was 50 times that among white patients.2 Research into health disparities has focused on the basis of these differences for more than 20 . . .
Cryopreservation of houbara semen: A pilot study (1999)

The potential of producing viable houbara bustard Chlamydotis undulata undulata progeny with cryopreserved semen was investigated during the 1998 breeding season. Houbara semen was diluted and rapidly frozen into pellet form in LN2 using dimethylacetamide (DMA) as a cryoprotectant. Thawed semen exhibited 24.86± 10.61% recovery of fresh sperm motility levels and 36.44±16.17% of fresh viability counts. Two second-year females were inseminated on two and three occasions, respectively, with thawed semen. One female laid four eggs between two clutches and the second female laid two eggs in a single clutch. All eggs were fertile; two developed to 18–21days but failed to pip; one chick died at pip and three chicks hatched. This is the first documented occasion that houbara bustard chicks were conceived with cryopreserved semen and it demonstrates the feasibility of using a rapid, simple, and relatively inexpensive methodology to achieve this result. Zoo Biol 18:147–152, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Universal Quake Statistics: From Compressed Nanocrystals to (2015)

Slowly-compressed single crystals, bulk metallic glasses (BMGs), rocks, granular materials, and the earth all deform via intermittent slips or “quakes”. We find that although these systems span 12 decades in length scale, they all show the same scaling behavior for their slip size distributions and other statistical properties. Remarkably, the size distributions follow the same power law multiplied with the same exponential cutoff. The cutoff grows with applied force for materials spanning length scales from nanometers to kilometers. The tuneability of the cutoff with stress reflects “tuned critical” behavior, rather than self-organized criticality (SOC), which would imply stress-independence. A simple mean field model for avalanches of slipping weak spots explains the agreement across scales. It predicts the observed slip-size distributions and the observed stressdependent cutoff function. The results enable extrapolations from one scale to another, and from one force to another, across different materials and structures, from nanocrystals to earthquakes.
Cellular Immunity Against Rous Sarcomas of Chickens. Preferential Reactivity Against Autochthonous Target Cells as Determined by Lymphocyte Adherence and Cytotoxicity Tests In Vitro (1974)

Spleen cells from random-bred chickens bearing Rous sarcomas were commonly more reactive against the neoplastic target cells in autochthonous than in allogenic interactions in vitro. This difference was observed both in cytotoxic assays ((51)Cr release from labeled target cells) and in an immunoadherence test measuring attachment of (51)Cr-labeled splenocytes to Rous sarcoma cells. Specific splenocyte reactivity was not observed with normal embryonic chicken fibroblasts, 3T3 cells, or embryonic mouse C3H fibroblasts. The immunoadherence technique required only 2 hr to perform, and revealed a more consistent superiority of autochthonous recognition of Rous sarcoma cells than the cytotoxicity assay. Experiments in which both procedures were used simultaneously with identical cell populations yielded similar results, indicating that splenocyte adherence may be a precursor of and/or concomitant to target cell damage and that individual-specific tumor antigencity may play a part in cellular immunity against Rous sarcomas.
Heuristic Resource Optimization for Dynamic Wavelength Services on Optically Reconfigurable Networks (2010)

Traditional backbone optical networks can take months to provision a wavelength connection. Future optical networking aims at reducing the provisioning time to a few minutes. In conjunction, new services that allow the customers to dynamically set up and take down their connections is emerging. In this paper, we introduce the problem of optimizing network resources on a reconfigurable optical backbone network that provides such dynamic optical services. The problem grows exponentially in network scale and customer's demands, thus solving the entire problem for a realistic network is impractical. We address this problem by developing a heuristic optimization procedure, combined with problem-size reduction techniques. We show that good results can be achieved using small amounts of computing power and that our solutions are within 11% of a lower bound.
Prevalence and Persistence of Sleep Complaints in a Rural Older Community Sample: The MoVIES Project (1996)

Sleep complaints were common among these older individuals. Because these data were collected prospectively, they also provide objective evidence that insomnia is relatively persistent or chronic among older adults. This finding has implications for the diagnosis and long-term management of sleep disorders in older people. Derivation from a random community-based sample rather than from samples of patients or volunteers makes these data more generalizable to the general older population. Finally, these data describe a rural older populations, a group which, in general, is medically underserved and understudied.
Preparation and Characterization of MoS<sub>2 </sub>Microsphere by Hydrothermal Method (2013)

In this work, MoS 2 microsphere was synthesized by hydrothermal reaction, in which thiourea (CS(NH 2 ) 2 ) was used as S-source and reducing agent, ammonium heptamolybdate ((NH 4 ) 6 Mo 7 O 24 .4H 2 O) was used as Mo-source. The influence of temperature, as well as different dispersing agents, on the reaction product’s morphology, structure and phase composition was discussed. X-ray diffraction results show that all the as-synthesized products are the hexagonal 2H-MoS2 without impurity. SEM images of the as-prepared MoS2 samples without adding any dispersing agent present spherical morphology with sheet-like structures shaped on the surface. A possible formation mechanism of the MoS2 microsphere is that of self-assembly growth process; In addition, for the samples adding surfactant CTAB, SDBS or PVP in the reactants, the MoS2 is confined to layered structure. Compared with SDBS and PVP, CTAB has the best dispersion effect which ensure the as-synthesized microsphere with about 300nm average diameter, and the influence mechanism of which can be deduced as electrostatic interaction and stereo-hindrance effect.
Study of Notification System for Elderly Drivers (2013)

In recent years, the number of traffic accidents involving elderly drivers has been gradually increasing. One of the reasons for this is believed to be that elderly drivers have the tendency to exhibit decreased attention and concentration capabilities. To improve these abilities, the authors propose a notification system using a “point and calling method ” for elderly drivers. The authors use autonomous nervous system and brain activity together with a visual analog scale to evaluate this method. The authors' results show that their proposed “point and calling” method effectively enables safe driving among elderly drivers.
Adsorption kinetics of proteins to biomaterials measured by reflectometric interference spectroscopy (2019)

In this work we present the investigation of the interaction of fibronectin with different biomaterials. Since the amount, type and possible conformational changes of adsorbed proteins at the body-implant interface strongly influences the performance of implants, this work is focusing on a more comprehensive understanding of these processes. To create very stable and thin surface modification of a glass transducer with PEG, PU and PLA an immobilization strategy based on silane chemistry was developed. To monitor the adsorption and desorption of fibronectin onto these biomaterial surfaces, the reflectometric interference spectroscopy – a direct optical method – was applied. To estimate the association and dissociation rate constants, a biomolecular interaction analysis was performed within the kinetically limited regime of the association process. Additionally, the influence of the pH value on the adsorption behavior is exemplary shown for the interaction of fibronectin on a glass surface. These experiments show high potential to give more detailed insights into the complex processes during the implantation of foreign materials into the human body.
Angle-independent Bistability In An All-photonic-crystal Fabry-Pérot Resonator (2010)

We find an almost angle-independent bistability of the cavity field in dependence on the pump for an all-photonic crystal Fabry-Pérot resonator operating in the subdiffractive regime. Finite-difference time-domain calculations are used to obtain the hysteresis.
An Integrated Approach to the Teaching of English Writing (2005)

English writing, as a basic language skill for second language learners, is being paid close attention to. How to achieve better results in English teaching and how to develop students' writing competence remain an arduous task for English teachers. This paper introduces three writing approaches that are currently popular in English writing teaching field, i.e., the product approach, the process approach and the genre approach, and offers some discussion on the three approaches each approach shows its strengths and weaknesses, but meanwhile they are largely complementary. Then this paper attempts to propose an integrated approach which is not only a synthesis of the above three approaches, but also draws on some experiences of traditional Chinese language teaching methods.
Macromolecular Architecture for the 21st Century (1996)

Abstract The success of civilizations and technologies has always depended on the efficient use of the available materials.
Transport and isomorphic equilibria (1983)

It is shown that large classes of plasma equilibria can have identical drift orbits and associated transport. Such equilibria are called isomorphic. In particular, the neoclassical coefficients are given for all equilibria in which the magnetic field strength depends on one helicity.
Optimal distributed generation allocation on distribution networks at peak load and the analysis of the impact of volt/var control on the improvement of the voltage profile (2014)

One of the main concerns of utilities is overvoltage along their feeders when they enhance their networks by various distributed generation (DG) systems. The objective of this study is (1) to near-optimally allocate locations and capacities of DG systems on distribution networks at peak load and (2) to analyze the impact of DG inverters with the capability of volt/var control on the improvement of the voltage profile along the feeder during steady state. This study proposes a genetic algorithm with an objective function that minimizes voltage variations caused by the installation of DG systems, near-optimally allocates the locations and the capacities of DG systems either with or without the capability of volt/var control on a distribution network at peak load, and analyzes their impact on the improvement of the voltage profile along the feeder.