gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical mesosensors for monitoring and removal of ultra-trace concentration of Zn(ii) and Cu(ii) ions from water (2012)

Optical captor design is necessary for the controlled development of a technique for detecting and removing heavy and toxic metals from drinking water with high flexibility and low capital cost. We designed chemical mesocaptors for optical separation/extraction and monitoring/detection of Cu(II) and Zn(II) ions from water even at trace concentration levels without a preconcentration process. The mesoporous aluminosilica carriers with three-dimensional (3D) structures, high aluminum content, natural surfaces, and active acid sites strongly induced H-bonding and dispersive interactions with organic moieties, thereby leading to the formation of stable captors without chromophore leaching during the removal assays of Cu(II) and Zn(II) ions. Using such a tailored mesocaptor design, the direct immobilization of these hydrophobic ligands (4,5-diamino-6-hydroxy-2-mercaptopyrimidine and diphenylthiocarbazone) into ordered pore-based aluminasilica monoliths enabled the easy generation and transduction of optical colour signals as a response to metal-to-ligand binding events, even at ultra-trace concentrations (~10(-9) mol dm(-3)) of Cu(II) and Zn(II) ions in drinking water, without the need for sophisticated instruments. Theoretical models have been developed to provide insights into the effect of active site surfaces on the enhancement of the optical removal process in terms of long-term stability, reversibility, and selectivity, hence allowing us to understand the role of mesoscopic geometry and nanoscale pore orientation of mesocaptors better. Generally, this ion-capture model enables the development of a simple and effective technique for effective wastewater treatment and management.
Tensile and Creep Behavior of Geosynthetics Using Confined-Accelerated Tests (2013)

A major aspect in geosynthetics creep analysis is the load level applied to the specimen, usually referred as a percentage of the geosynthetic ultimate tensile strength (UTS). Since both tensile and creep standard tests are performed with in-isolation specimens, they may not reproduce the possibly significant effect of soil-geosynthetic interaction. A new creep testing machine was recently developed and successfully addressed this concern. However, further developments allowed tensile tests to be performed in the same conditions used in nonconventional creep ones. This paper presents the results of nonconventional tensile tests performed with a woven biaxial polyester geogrid. They were used to define its UTS in the same conditions employed in creep tests performed with the new equipment. Despite changes in tensile curves shapes were found, the UTS from confined, accelerated and confined-accelerated tensile tests were quite similar to those obtained with standard tensile test procedure.
Synthesis and characterization of a new class of inhibitors of membrane-associated UDP-glycosyltransferases (1993)

A new class of compounds designed to inhibit membrane-associated glycosyltransferases were synthesized and their biological activities were characterized in liver microsomes and human lymphoma cell lines. These inhibitors are composed of N-acyl phenylaminoalcohol derivatives linked to uridine via different spacers. One inhibitor, termed PP36 (5'-[[N-(2-decanoylamino-3-hydroxy-3-phenylpropyloxycarbonyl )-glycyl[amino]-5'-deoxyuridine) competitively inhibited the enzyme glucosyl phosphoryldolichol synthase (Glc-P-Dol synthase) in rat liver microsomes. In rat and human liver microsomes incubated with PP36 and photolabeled with [beta-32P]5-azido-UDP-Glc, Glc-P-Dol synthase was the only protein observed to have decreased photoincorporation. Two other inhibitors, PP37 (5'-O-[[(2-decanoylamino-3-hydroxy-3-phenyl- propyloxycarbonyl)amino]sulfonyl]uridine and PP55 (5'-O-[[(2-decanoylamino-3- phenylpropyloxycarbonyl)amino]sulfonyl]uridine), were also shown to be competitive inhibitors of Glc-P-Dol synthase activity and photolabeling. Activities of glycosyltransferases involved in glycosphingolipid biosynthesis were little affected by these compounds. Analysis of the effects of PP36, PP37, and PP55 on the incorporation of [3H] leucine and [14C]galactose into glycoprotein and glycolipid fractions from two human cell lines indicated the following: PP36 reduced incorporation into both fractions, PP37 was ineffective, and PP55 only decreased incorporation into glycolipids.
Effect of Rooibos and Honeybush Tea Extracts Against Botrytis cinerea (2016)

Green tea extracts from the indigenous South African rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) and honeybush (Cyclopia species) plants were evaluated as potential antifungal agents against the plant pathogen Botrytis cinerea. When applied at 10 mg/ml, the tea extracts stimulated biomass production in B. cinerea by more than 3-fold after 24 hrs. This induction could not be linked directly to the presence of selected micro-and macronutrients or antioxidants in the extracts, suggesting a complex set of yet unidentified factors that may act synergistically to enhance cell growth. However, when applied at 100 mg/ml, the A. linearis and C. genistoides extracts reduced spore germination of B. cinerea by 33.3% and 16.7%, respectively. This suggests that the tea extracts contain active compounds that should be further investigated for their potential as natural anti-fungal agents.
Use of Biomarkers to Quantify Musculoskeletal Injury Resulting from a High Recoil Shoulder-Fired Weapon (2006)

Identifying simple, quantifiable measures of tissue damage following blunt-force trauma is an important need of healthcare professionals. Localized soft tissue injury results from repetitive firing of high-recoil weapons. This model was used to assess the efficacy of using biomarkers to quantify localized soft tissue damage. PURPOSE: To determine if a compliment of urine and serum biomarkers demonstrate efficacy in quantifying musculoskeletal injury following repeated firing of a high-recoil weapon. METHODS: Fifteen male U.S. Army active duty and National Guard infantry soldiers (22±4 y, 173.4 ± 6.5 cm, 74.6 ± 9.8 kg) were recruited for this study. All volunteers were required to fire 15 rounds, with a 30-sec rest between shots, using a shoulder-fired weapon producing 59 ft-lbs of recoil energy. Data were collected at the same time of day for each time point. Musculoskeletal injury was determined by changes in MRI signal intensity at six time points: prior to firing a weapon (pre), and at 30 min, 24 hr, 48 hr, 72 hr, and 96 hr post firing. A urine sample to assess helical peptide ?1 (HP?1) was collected on all subjects at all time points. Additionally, two serum biomarkers, creatine kinase (CK) and C-reactive protein (CRP), were collected at pre, 24 hr and 48 hr. Data were analyzed using separate repeated measures analyses of variance. RESULTS: Soft tissue injury was evident in 14 of the 15 volunteers (93%) within 48 hours of firing the weapon. Data is presented in the following table:Table 1HPα1 was the only biomarker that changed significantly, with a 44% increase evident 30 min post firing. HPα1 levels did not reflect changes in MRI signal intensity. CONCLUSION: HPα1 was a useful biomarker of the acute soft tissue response to blunt force trauma occurring to a small anatomical area.
High Frequency Magnetic Sheet Materials – Performance Factor Comparisons and Design of Toroidal Inductors Embedded in PCB (2021)

The integration of a high frequency (2-20 MHz) inductor device into the Printed Circuit Board (PCB) of a power converter would enable higher density integration of power converters [1] [2]. High frequency magnetic materials are required to reduce the size of an inductor device. This paper will consider commercially available thin flexible planar magnetic materials with a thickness of less than 500 µm. These materials are shown capable of withstanding laser cutting into toroidal shapes. These magnetic cores are then used to create toroidal inductors which are electrically characterised in order to calculate the magnetic material properties. The standard performance factor [3] of the materials is used to make a comparison across frequencies. An embedded in-PCB toroidal inductor is fabricated with the thin flexible planar magnetic material. Finally, a thermal simulation of the embedded in-PCB inductor is shown and the power loss density limitations of the device are discussed.
Abnormalities in Nitric Oxide and Its Derivatives in Lung Cancer (2005)

This study provides evidence in favor of a role for reactive nitrogen and oxygen species in lung cancer.
Comparative Analysis on Minimum Output Impedance of Fixed-Ratio Hybrid Switched Capacitor Converters (2019)

Hybrid switched capacitor (SC) converters have gained popularity as they showcase promising performance in high- and fixed-ratio applications. Hybrid SCs are able to achieve minimum output impedance at lower switching frequency compared to conventional SC converters; yet, the minimum achievable output impedance of hybrid SCs operating under resonant or soft-charging conditions may be higher than. This work evaluates and analyzes the performance of conventional SC and hybrid converters through the output impedance. Hence, the output impedance of various SC topologies are characterized with different inductors placement, i.e single inductor at the output v.s. distributed inductors in series with each flying capacitor, for performance comparison. It is found that the deviation of duty ratio from 50% yields differences in minimum output impedance between conventional SCs and those hybrid SCs with a single inductor at their outputs. In order to compare between topologies, three types of optimization approaches that result in minimum output impedance are evaluated with the design constraints of switch rated voltage and conductance. If both constraints are available for fully customization on switches, the Dickson topology would have the lowest minimum output impedance. In contrast, if only switch conductance or minimal number of switches is considered (in low-voltage applications where voltage rating is no longer a constraint), other topologies showcase promising performances.
Transient Illness Shocks and Family Labor Use in a Rice Producing Area of Mali (2005)

The social and economic costs of malaria are substantial in Africa. At the root of the problem, malaria debilitates a large share of the labor force and causes the death of millions of children. As a secondary effect, malaria reduces GDP per capita and reduces economic growth (Gallup and Sachs, 1998). This current research assesses, in the first step, factors that affect illness (malaria and other short-term diseases) in an important rice producing area of Mali. A survival model is employed to identify the factors that impact the number of workdays lost per illness episode. The results of the survival model showed that illness length is shorter for individuals who received a malaria treatment, analgesic, or a traditional treatment than for individuals receiving a combination of traditional and medical treatments. Agricultural tasks were also found to have significant impacts on illness length. The number of workdays lost per illness episode were lower during the planting period and greater during field preparation as wells as during weeding and bio-chemical applications. These results suggest two findings. First, agricultural activities with an important timing dime~isions, uch as planting, can force i l l individuals to work even when they have not recovered from an illness. Second, agricultural activities that do not require to be performed at a specific time may be delayed by the presence of illness in the household. A Poisson Model is used to identify the factors that influence the number of illness episodes per household during the wet cropping season. This model is employed to explain the count of illness for family members who do not participate in rice cultivation. The Poisson model indicates that adults' literacy has a positive effect on the number of illness cases. This suggests that education improves the ability to recognize illness symptoms and hence, the likelihood to report sick family members. Results suggest that households where several family members received malaria treatment may signal the lack of prophylaxis use. Wealth, proxied by the value of agricultural equipment or the total value of farm assets, reduces illness count per household. These two models were employed to generate predictive values which were included in the second step of this thesis as direct and indirect measures of illness. The second step consists of estimating labor demand ~nodclsto determine if illness translates into labor loss. Illness was found to reduce family labor as well as total labor which is composed of hired and family labor. The results also indicate that is important to consider household colnposition when quantifying the impact of illness on labor. In a region where food security and dependence on rice import are important development issues, this thesis suggests, assuming a positive marginal productivity of labor, that improving health would increase rice production in Mali.
Aberrant Meiotic Configurations Cause Sterility in Clone-Origin Triploid and Inter-Group Hybrid Males of the Dojo Loach, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (2019)

Gonochoristic wild-type dojo loaches (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) are diploid (2n = 50) and reproduce bisexually. However, sympatric clonal diploids generate unreduced diploid isogenic eggs that develop gynogenetically. Clone-origin triploidy arises following the incorporation of a haploid wild-type sperm nucleus into the diploid egg. Triploid females produce fertile haploid eggs by meiotic hybridogenesis, while triploid males are sterile. Clonal loaches arose from past hybridization event(s) between genetically diverse groups, A and B. Artificial hybrid females between the 2 groups produce unreduced and/or aneuploid eggs, but the hybrid males are sterile. In this study using FISH, we analyzed chromosome pairing in meiotic cells of clone-origin triploid and inter-group hybrid males to clarify the cytogenetic mechanisms underlying the male-specific sterility. We used a repetitive sequence probe to identify group B-derived chromosomes and a 5.8S + 28S rDNA probe to identify pairs of homologous chromosomes. We found that asynapsis and irregular synapsis occur in triploid and hybrid males containing 2 different genomes and that this may cause the formation of sterile germ cells. These results will help us to understand hybrid sterility from the viewpoint of synapsis behavior.
Focusing and subwavelength imaging of surface acoustic waves in a solid-air phononic crystal (2012)

Focusing and subwavelength imaging of surface acoustic waves (SAWs) through a phononic crystal flat lens are discussed in the presented work. Experimental and numerical wave fields are obtained in the time-domain by an optical technique and by numerical simulations. Spatial distributions of the acoustic field are accessed using a temporal Fourier transform. The revealed focusing of the elastic waves in the first band of the crystal is governed by the concave equifrequency contour of the leaky-Rayleigh wave. The spatial distributions of the experimental and numerical acoustic fields also unfold subwavelength imaging of SAWs. Numerical simulations show that the imaging quality can be improved by embedding the flat lens into a medium with higher wave velocity.
Effect of cascaded misaligned optical (de)multiplexers on multiwavelength optical network performance (2005)

In this paper we use computer simulation techniques to evaluate the performance degradation of a multiwavelength optical network with a cascade of 2 to 100 perfectly aligned or randomly misaligned (de)multiplexers taking into consideration laser misalignment, and laser chirp. For lightwave systems using WDM technology with 200 GHz or more channel spacing, cross talk is small enough to be neglected in this study.
Imaging femtosecond laser-induced electronic excitation in glass (2003)

While substantial progress has been achieved in understanding laser ablation on the nanosecond and picosecond time scales, it remains a considerable challenge to elucidate the underlying mechanisms during femtosecond laser material interactions. We present experimental observations of electronic excitation inside a wide band gap glass during single femtosecond laser pulse (100 fs, 800 nm) irradiation. Using a femtosecond time-resolved imaging technique, we measured the evolution of a laser-induced electronic plasma inside the glass and calculated the electron number density to be on the order of 1019 cm−3.
Analysis of the Nagravision Video Scrambling Method (1998)

The Kudelski Nagravision pay-TV conditional access system can be practically broken by image processing algorithms that rearrange the lines of a eld based on statistical properties of typical TV images. With some knowledge about the limitations of the scrambling hardware one can reconstruct the scrambled TV image in real-time without knowledge of the cryptographic secret stored in the subscriber smartcard.
Impaired biliary lipid secretion in obese Zucker rats: leptin promotes hepatic cholesterol clearance (2001)

Human obesity is associated with elevated plasma leptin levels. Obesity is also an important risk factor for cholesterol gallstones, which form as a result of cholesterol hypersecretion into bile. Because leptin levels are correlated with gallstone prevalence, we explored the effects of acute leptin administration on biliary cholesterol secretion using lean (FA/-) and obese (fa/fa) Zucker rats. Zucker (fa/fa) rats become obese and hyperleptinemic due to homozygosity for a missense mutation in the leptin receptor, which diminishes but does not completely eliminate responsiveness to leptin. Rats were infused intravenously for 12 h with saline or pharmacological doses of recombinant murine leptin (5 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1)) sufficient to elevate plasma leptin concentrations to 500 ng/ml compared with basal levels of 3 and 70 ng/ml in lean and obese rats, respectively. Obesity was associated with a marked impairment in biliary cholesterol secretion. In biles of obese compared with lean rats, bile salt hydrophobicity was decreased whereas phosphatidylcholine hydrophobicity was increased. High-dose leptin partially normalized cholesterol secretion in obese rats without altering lipid compositions, implying that both chronic effects of obesity and relative resistance to leptin contributed to impaired biliary cholesterol elimination. In lean rats, acute leptin administration increased biliary cholesterol secretion rates. Without affecting hepatic cholesterol contents, leptin downregulated hepatic activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, upregulated activities of both sterol 27-hydroxylase and cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase, and lowered plasma very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. Increased biliary cholesterol secretion in the setting of decreased cholesterol biosynthesis and increased catabolism to bile salts suggests that leptin promotes elimination of plasma cholesterol.
Monte Carlo simulation of intersubband relaxation in wide, uniformly dopedGaAs/AlxGa1−xAsquantum wells (1996)

Using an ensemble Monte Carlo simulation, we have investigated intersubband relaxation of photoexcited electrons in $\mathrm{GaAs}/{\mathrm{Al}}_{x}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}\mathrm{As}$ quantum wells having a subband separation smaller than the polar optical phonon energy. Intra- and intersubband scattering through polar optical phonons, acoustic phonons, ionized impurities, and electron-electron scattering are included in the simulation. A comparison is made to recent time-resolved pump and probe experiments performed on uniformly doped samples in which good agreement between theory and experiment is obtained. Our results show that the intersubband decay of electrons from the first excited subband into the ground subband is limited by ionized impurity scattering during the photoexcitation process. Polar optical phonon emission also contributes considerably to the electron decay and occurs from the thermal tail of the heated distribution function in both subbands. Intersubband scattering by intercarrier interaction plays a lesser role for the decay. The heating of the distribution functions is due to ionized impurity intersubband scattering and electron-electron intrasubband scattering, which convert potential energy of an electron into kinetic energy. These mechanisms drive both subbands rapidly towards a single quasiequilibrium distribution with a common electron temperature and chemical potential after the pulse is over. The cooling rate of this distribution function, which governs the intersubband decay, depends initially on the energy relaxation through polar optical phonons, whereas at much longer times acoustic phonon scattering predominates. Thus, the intersubband decay of electrons is nonexponential.
Performance analysis for MIMO systems with lattice-reduction aided linear equalization (2008)

Multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems equipped with multiple antennas have well documented merits in combating fading and enhancing data rates. MIMO V-BLAST transmission is a widely adopted method to achieve high spectral efficiency and low-complexity implementation. When the maximum likelihood (ML) or near-ML detector is employed, receive diversity is collected for MIMO V-BLAST systems to enhance the performance. However, because of its exponential complexity, ML detector may be infeasible for practical systems when the number of antennas and/or the constellation size is large. On the other hand, linear equalizers have much lower complexity but come with inferior performance. In this paper, we analytically quantify the diversity order of linear detectors for MIMO V-BLAST systems. Then, we adopt low-complexity complex lattice-reduction (LR) aided linear equalizers for V-BLAST systems to improve the performance and prove that LR-aided linear equalizers collect the same diversity order as that exploited by the ML detector but with much lower complexity. Relative to the existing real LR-aided equalizers, we illustrate that the complex LR further reduces the complexity while keeping the same performance. Simulation results corroborate our theoretical claims.
Stimulation of human hematopoietic progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation by recombinant human interleukin 3. Comparison and interactions with recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage and granulocyte colony-stimulating factors. (1989)

Recombinant human interleukin 3 (IL3) produced in Escherichia coli was purified and its activities examined in cultures of highly enriched human bone marrow progenitor cells. Human IL3 stimulated multipotential (CFU-GEMM) and erythroid (BFU-E) progenitor cells, generating 95% more BFU-E than recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). No further enhancement of BFU-E or CFU-GEMM occurred when IL3 and GM-CSF were used in combination. Human IL3 was more effective than GM-CSF in stimulating granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells (CFU-GM) in short-term suspension cultures, but did not induce an increase of CFU-GM, BFU-E, or CFU-GEMM above input levels. IL3 was more active on day-14 (d14) than on d7 CFU-GM, similar to GM-CSF, but generated fewer and smaller CFU-GM-derived clones than either GM-CSF or granulocyte CSF (CI-CSF). The simultaneous addition of plateau levels of IL3 and GM-CSF resulted in an infra-additive augmentation of d7 and d14 CFU-GM-derived clones, whereas IL3 and G-CSF enhanced the number and cellularity predominantly of d14 CFU-GM. In liquid cultures, IL3 induced a greater than 100-fold increase in the number of basophil-mast-like cells and eosinophils and allowed maintenance of these cultures for up to 7 weeks. Human GM-CSF was an almost equally potent, stimulus of eosinophil development but had only a marginal effect on basophilic precursors, whereas G-CSF lacked both activities. Therefore, human IL3 is a multilineage hemopoietic growth factor whose activities appear to encompass and extend beyond those of GM-CSF.