gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diffuse metabolic abnormalities in reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome. (2002)

Two cases of reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome were examined with proton MR spectroscopic imaging. Widespread metabolic abnormalities, consisting of increased choline and creatine levels and mildly decreased N-acetylaspartate, occurred in regions with both normal and abnormal MR imaging appearances. In one case for which proton MR spectroscopic imaging follow-up was available, all metabolite levels had returned to normal by 2 months. Proton MR spectroscopic imaging may be helpful for the diagnosis and investigation of the underlying pathophysiology of reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome.
Content-based route lookup using CAMs (2012)

The applications of the Internet have evolved from being host-centric to being more content-oriented, such as file sharing, online audio and video applications, which constitute the majority of Internet traffic [1]. Several future Internet architectures, putting the content (or information) in the fore-front, have lately been proposed in order to solve the limitations of the current architecture (i.e. insufficient bandwidth to servers, lack of security, mobility, virtualization, user/data centricity, etc.). However, one of the greatest challenges of a novel content-oriented Internet architecture lies in the complexity of looking up long, variable length names compared to the current 32 bit long IPv4 (or even 128 bit IPv6) addresses of today's networks. The success of widely adopting any content-oriented architecture highly depends on the success of designing algorithms that allow these complex names to be looked up at high-speed. Ternary Content Addressable Memories (TCAMs) are widely used in high-speed routers to find matching routes for packets in a routing table. They enable the longest prefix matching (LPM) operation on fixed length addresses to complete in a single clock cycle, however, they are not efficient to store and lookup name prefixes with variable lengths such as the ones proposed in name-based routing [2]-[9]. In this paper, we propose an efficient name-based longest prefix matching algorithm for information-centric networks using TCAMs. In our algorithm, we split incoming prefixes in fixed blocks and subsequently hash these blocks for fixed length storage. Our approach is flexible to support both hierarchical name based routing lookup and flat name based routing lookup. In addition, our approach can be easily modified to support multiple matchings instead of the longest prefix matching. The simulation results demonstrate that our approach is able to provide efficient name-based routing lookup even for the fastest backbone routers (i.e. 100+ Gbps).
Interactive point-based isosurface extraction (2005)

We propose a novel point-based approach to view dependent isosurface extraction. We introduce a fast visibility query system for the view dependent traversal, which exhibits moderate memory requirements. This technique allows for an interactive interrogation of the full visible woman dataset (1GB) at four to fifteen frames per second on a desktop computer. The point-based approach is built on an extraction scheme that classifies different sections of the isosurface into four categories, depending on the size of the geometry when projected onto the screen. In particular, we use points to represent small and subpixel triangles, as well as larger sections of the isosurface whose projection has subpixel size. To assign consistent and robust normals to individual points representing such regions, we propose to compute them during post processing of the extracted isosurface and provide the corresponding hardware implementation.
Randomized phase III clinical trial of neoadjuvant intravesical mitomycin C (MMC) treatment in patients with primary treatment-naïve non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). (2023)

TPS578 Background: Approximately 75-85% of vesical urothelial carcinomas are non-muscle invasive bladder cancers (NMIBC). The primary treatment is transurethral resection (TUR) followed by adjuvant intravesical therapies with immunotherapy (BCG) and/or chemotherapy agents (i.e. mitomycin C - MMC). Unfortunately, the response to intravesical treatments is variable and incomplete and there is a un-met clinical need to improve its efficacy for reducing the recurrence rate and progression to muscle invasive BC (MIBC). Recently, has been showed that MMC induces immunogenic cell death (ICD), determining the expression of specific damage signals, like HMGB1 molecule, that favors the phagocytosis of dying tumor cells, the activation of innate immune cells and the presentation of tumor antigens to T lymphocytes [1]. The identification of ICD as a novel immune-related mechanism of action of MMC could provide opportunities to optimize bladder cancer management by proposing the use of MMC in a “neoadjuvant” setting. The aim of current clinical trial is to test the hypothesis that the neoadjuvant instillation of MMC in patients with NMIBC may reduce the recurrence rate and/or progression to MIBC. Methods: This is a prospective phase III randomized clinical trial in patients with primary treatment-naïve NMIBC recruiting since March 2022 (EudraCT 2021-003751-42_studio ICH-013-MMC). Patients are randomized 1:1 to neo-adjuvant MMC or standard of care. Patients enrolled in the neo-MMC group receive two intravesical instillations of MMC (40 mg/40 ml saline) in the 2 weeks before (days: -14 and -7) the scheduled TUR (day: 0). After TUR, as for clinical practice, both controls and neoMMC subjects, undergo adjuvant treatment, if required, based on the histological evaluation of the tumor and following EAU/PMID: 33040478 guidelines. The primary endpoint of the study is to evaluate the efficacy of MMC neoadjuvant treatment in reducing the recurrence rate of BC calculated as the proportion of patients who achieve a complete response (no evidence of BC after 3, 6, 12 and 24 mo.). The secondary clinical endpoint will be the analysis of the rate of grade and stage progression to MIBC in case of recurrence and the correlation with specific biomarker (i.e. expression of HMGB1). Consider that the primary aim of the study is to see a reduction of relapse, leading to an HR of 0.6, estimating on the control group a 30% relapse free at 12 months. With equal-sized group, a two-sided significance level test (α =0.05) with power 80% power (β=0.2), and assume that recruitment was to be terminated after 12 months, with a 2-year follow up, the required sample size is approximate 160 patient, 80 in each group (control / neoMMC). References: 1. Oresta B, et al Sci Transl Med. Jan 6;13(575):eaba6110 Clinical trial information: EudraCT 2021-003751-42_studio ICH-013 (MMC) .
Live monitoring: using adaptive instrumentation and analysis to debug and maintain web applications (2007)

AJAX-based web applications are enabling the next generation of rich, client-side web applications, but today's web application developers do not have the end-to-end visibility required to effectively build and maintain a reliable system. We argue that a new capability of the web application environment--the ability for a system to automatically create and serve different versions of an application to each user--can be exploited for adaptive, cross-user monitoring of the behavior of web applications on end-user desktops. In this paper, we propose a live monitoring framework for building a new class of development and maintenance techniques that use a continuous loop of automatic, adaptive application rewriting, observation and analysis. We outline two such adaptive techniques for localizing data corruption bugs and automatically placing function result caching. The live monitoring framework requires only minor changes to web application servers, no changes to application code and no modifications to existing browsers.
Investigation of Torque-Fluctuation Reducer Made of Permanent-Magnets for Screw Compressors (1996)

We developed a torque-fluctuation reducer, which can almost completely cancel a screw compressor's torque-fluctuation and reduce its vibration and noise.The device consists of inside and outside rings.Each ring has eight pairs of permanent-magne ts arranged in a circleone Sand -N pole pair for each of the male rotor's lobes.The inside ring is fixed to the male rotor shaft, and outside ring is fixed to the casing.Turning the inside ring, produces magnetic forces, which in turn cause sinusoidal torque fluctuations.We tuned the reducer for a 7.5 kW oil-injected air compressor.The male rotor's rotational vibration was reduced less than 10% of its original.The sound noise level at the toothcontactfrequency decreased to 5dB at 1m from the front of the compressor package.
Transadventitial localisation of atheromatous plaques by fluorescence emission spectrum analysis of mono-L-aspartyl chlorin e6 (1993)

It is possible to detect atheroma from outside a vessel by fluorescence spectrum analysis employing NPe6 as the probe.
Refractory doped titanium nitride nanoscale field emitters (2020)

Refractory materials exhibit high damage tolerance, which is attractive for the creation of nanoscale field-emission electronics and optoelectronics applications that require operation at high peak current densities and optical intensities. Recent results have demonstrated that the optical properties of titanium nitride, a refractory and CMOS-compatible plasmonic material, can be tuned by adding silicon and oxygen dopants. However, to fully leverage the potential of titanium (silicon oxy)nitride, a reliable and scalable fabrication process with few-nm precision is needed. In this work, we developed a fabrication process for producing engineered nanostructures with gaps between 10 and 15 nm, aspect ratios larger than 5 with almost 90° steep sidewalls. Using this process, we fabricated large-scale arrays of electrically-connected bow-tie nanoantennas with few-nm free-space gaps. We measured a typical variation of 4 nm in the average gap size. Using applied DC voltages and optical illumination, we tested the electronic and optoelectronic response of the devices, demonstrating sub-10-V tunneling operation across the free-space gaps, and quantum efficiency of up to 1E-3 at 1.2 μm, which is comparable to a bulk silicon photodiode at the same wavelength. Tests demonstrated that the titanium silicon oxynitride nanostructures did not significantly degrade, exhibiting less than 5 nm of shrinking of the average gap dimensions over few-μm^2 areas after roughly 6 hours of operation. Our results will be useful for developing the next generation of robust and CMOS-compatible nanoscale devices for high-speed and low-power field-emission electronics and optoelectronics applications.
Cortical connectivity of the nucleus basalis of Meynert in Parkinson’s disease and Lewy body dementias (2020)

Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) are related conditions that are associated with cholinergic system dysfunction. Dysfunction of the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM), a basal forebrain structure that provides the dominant source of cortical cholinergic innervation, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of both PDD and DLB. Here we leverage the temporal resolution of magnetoencephalography with the spatial resolution of MRI tractography to explore the intersection of functional and structural connectivity of the NBM in a unique cohort of PDD and DLB patients undergoing deep brain stimulation of this structure. We observe that NBM-cortical structural and functional connectivity correlate within spatially and spectrally segregated networks including: (i) a beta band network to supplementary motor area, where activity in this region was found to drive activity in the NBM; (ii) a delta/theta band network to medial temporal lobe structures encompassing the parahippocampal gyrus; and (iii) a delta/theta band network to visual areas including lingual gyrus. These findings reveal functional networks of the NBM that are likely to subserve important roles in motor control, memory and visual function, respectively. Furthermore, they motivate future studies aimed at disentangling network contribution to disease phenotype.
The PIRO concept: R is for response. (2003)

This report is based on the transcript of a roundtable debate held at the 23rd International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine (ISICEM), Brussels, Belgium, 18–21 March 2003. The participants of the debate were Jean-Francois Dhainaut (Paris, France), Stephan Harbarth (Geneva, Switzerland), Konrad Reinhart (Jena, Germany), John C Marshall (Toronto, Canada) and Mitchell Levy (Providence, USA).
Boosted viscoelastic and dynamic mechanical behavior of binary nanocarbon based polyurethane hybrid nanocomposite foams (2022)

An effective approach for improving dispersion states of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) was employed via hybrid inclusion of the nanofillers in polyurethane matrix to further enhance viscoelastic properties. Nanocomposites based on MWCNTs, two groups of graphene and hybrid MWCNT/graphene with varied weight fractions and ratios were fabricated via a facile and scalable approach. Dynamic mechanical analysis results indicated an improvement of up to 86% in storage modulus at 25°C for hybrid MWCNT/GNP-S750 at only 0.25 wt% loading, whereas solely MWCNTs and graphene nanocomposites showed 9% and 15% enhancement at the same content, respectively. The glass transition temperature value was enhanced by about 9.5°C with 0.25 wt% inclusion of well-dispersed three-dimensional MWCNT/GNP-S750 structure, which disclosed a noticeable synergistic effect in thermomechanical properties. The reinforcement coefficient, adhesion factor, reinforcement efficiency factor, degree of entanglement and cross-link density of nanocomposites were also examined to evaluate the interaction of single and hybrid carbon nanofillers with PU matrix.
Asymptotic analysis of multiple description quantizers (1998)

A high-rate analysis of multiple description quantizers is presented for rth-power distortions and general source densities. Both, fixed-length and variable-length encoding of the quantizer indices are considered. Optimal companding functions are shown to be the same as for single-channel quantizers. As compared to the bound of Ozarow (1980), a gap of 8.69 dB and 3.07 dB exists between the entropy-constrained and level-constrained cases, respectively, for a memoryless Gaussian source and r=2.
Quantitation of the common components of deoxyribonucleic acids by mass spectrometry: application to the analysis of DNAs of unusual composition (1978)

A mass spectral method for the quantitation of the percentages of deoxyadenosine, deoxyguanosine, deoxycytidine, and thymidine in intact DNAs has been devised. Standard curves for each nucleoside have been constructed which are based upon the observation that a direct correlation exists between the heights (% deflection) of diagnostic peaks from these nucleosides in a mass spectrum and the published percent composition of specific DNAs. Analyses of DNA from Clostridiumperfringens, Micrococcusluteus, Escherichiacoli, Bacillussubtilis, Pseudomonasfluorescens, Drosophilamelanogaster, salmon sperm, and bacteriophage lambda were used to determine standard curves. The validity of the method was demonstrated by comparison of the results from the mass spectral procedure with results from the chemical analyses of the DNAs from calf thymus and wheat germ. Analysis of ØX-174 DNA yielded values consistent with the published values obtained via sequence analysis and indicated that the method is applicable to both single and double-stranded DNAs. Results from T2 DNA, which contains no cytidine, exhibited artificially high values for adenosine, guanosine and thymidine with concomitant alteration in the A/T and G/C molar ratios. Such skewed results are useful in predicting the presence of modified nucleosides. The extreme sensitivity of the method has been exploited in the analysis of subnanogram quantities of restriction endonuclease fragments from DNA.
Copper-Catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling of Arylboronate Esters: Transmetalation with (PN)CuF and Identification of Intermediates (2014)

An efficient Cu(I)-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura reaction was developed for the coupling of aryl- and heteroarylboronate esters with aryl and heteroaryl iodides at low catalyst loadings (2 mol %). The reaction proceeds under ligand-free conditions for aryl-heteroaryl and heteroaryl-heteroaryl couplings. We also conducted the first detailed mechanistic studies by synthesizing [(PN-2)CuI]2, [(PN-2)CuF]2, and (PN-2)CuPh (PN-2 = o-(di-tert-butylphosphino)-N,N-dimethylaniline) and demonstrated that [(PN-2)CuF]2 is the species that undergoes transmetalation with arylboronate esters.
Evolution of the efficiency of metropolitan public transport areas during the financial crisis and recovery in Spain (2018)

Urban dispersion is a phenomenon that has taken place in most European urban areas since the second half of the 20th century. From the point of view of mobility, urban sprawl makes it difficult to provide a quality public transport (PT) service, thus increasing the use of private vehicles. In addition, during the financial crisis that has shaken Europe since 2007, cities have lost population whereas peri-urban areas have grown and there have also been significant economic cuts in the public sector, which has substantially affected the efficiency of PT. This study uses demographic and socioeconomic data from ten Spanish urban areas to assess the evolution of PT systems during the recession and the start of economic recovery. The analysis is carried out through the use of technical indicators (supply and demand) and economic indicators (fares and financing) at both urban and metropolitan level. Based on the calculated indicators and using a cluster analysis, groups of cities with common mobility patterns are obtained. The different patterns observed reflect the main results of different strategies in PT management. In this way we try to extract some lessons from the crisis about PT systems.
Fabrication and characterization of a hybrid SOI 1&times;4 silicon-slot optical modulator array incorporating EO polymers for optical phased-array antenna applications (2012)

Optical phased arrays are promising candidates for both RF signal processing and optical beam forming and steering. These platforms not only enable accurate electrically controlled beam steering at high frequencies but also have the potential to significantly improve the performance of future free-space optical communications systems. In this work we exploit recent advancements in both nano-scale hybrid silicon-slot waveguides and electro-optic (EO) polymers to demonstrate an integrated optical phased-array antenna. Specifically, we create a hybrid integrated "photonic circuit" that connects an array of optical phase modulators, fed by a common optical signal and a 1x4 splitter, to a compact optical waveguide diffraction array for optical beam steering applications. The fundamental characteristics of the resulting integrated optical beam former, including the optical insertion loss, driving voltage, and phase control from the waveguide aperture are summarized in this letter.
Mitigation of carrier induced optical bistability in silicon ring\n resonators (2019)

We present a detailed study of electrical and optical generated free carrier\non the spectral characteristics of a silicon microring modulator. The spectral\ndistortion generated due to thermal and free carriers is presented, and the\nmechanism for mitigation is also presented. We observed that two-photon induced\nnonlinearity could be addressed by operating the modulator at suitable bias\npoints. Furthermore, by applying small-signal drive the spectral distortion can\nbe restored. We also present the effect of optical power and drive signal limit\non the spectral characteristics. The study allows one to identify suitable\ndevice performance and operating conditions to utilize silicon ring modulator\nfor optical signal processing.\n
LSF BY THE SEGMENT METHOD (1980)

The purpose of this paper is to present a description of a proposal of the segment method, its use and its performance. When film is used for the recording system, the trucation error is caused by its nonlinearity inevitably. This truncation error may be decreased by the slit multiple exposure technique. However, the method by which LSF can be measured more simply and exactly than the slit method is required. We designed the segment method in place of the slit method. Except that the X-ray intensity distribution obtained by the slit method is plus and the intensity distribution by the segment method is minus, both distributions are equivalent. It was found that LSF of the slit method corrected with the multiple exposure technique agrees with that of the segment single exposure method. This new method is available for LSF measurement with film.
Electrical Characteristics of Peripheral Nerve Stimulators: Implications for Nerve Localization (1984)

In order to determine the electrical characteristics of peripheral nerve stimulators (PNSs) that contributed to the localization of a peripheral nerve, the electrical properties of eight commercially available peripheral nerve stimulators and a Grass S-88 stimulator were measured. The PNSs were then used in the laboratory to locate a peripheral nerve in an anesthetized cat. The controlled environment in the laboratory allowed each PNS to be used under nearly identical conditions. The electrical characteristics that contributed to the successful localization of a peripheral nerve are (1) a linear output; (2) high and low output ranges; (3) properly marked polarity; (4) constant current output; and (5) a short stimulation pulse. In addition, other features of the PNS that contributed to the localization of a peripheral nerve are a large, easily turned dial, a digitalized output meter, and a battery check.
A Short History of St John's Anglican Church, Batlow (2011)

The development and the history behind the St John's Anglican Church present in Batlow are discussed. The article presents an overview of the issues encountered in the development of the church and the clergies that served Batlow since the inception of the same.
Figure S6 from A T-cell–engaging B7-H4/CD3-bispecific Fab-scFv Antibody Targets Human Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;B7-H4 staining of an array with various human normal and tumor tissues&lt;/p&gt;
Uncouplers and activated sludge—the impact on synthesis and respiration (1993)

Halogenated organics are among the most commonly‐encountered anthropogenic compounds accumulating in the environment. These compounds have many behavioral characteristics in common. Many are carcinogenic; many are toxic; almost all resist biodegradation; all undergo bioconcentration and concentration in sediments. One group of halogenated materials, the halogenated phenols, interact with microbial cell tissue and higher‐life forms in a way not seen with the other compounds in this broad category. That is, they will uncouple oxidative phosphorylation, the energy transfer process which permits the accumulation of the energy of substrate oxidation as adenosine triphosphate which is subsequently used in synthesis. The present study reports on laboratory work which serves to quantify the various results of energy uncoupling. These are an increase in oxygen use, a decrease in synthesis and a decrease in the rate of normal substrate uptake. The work is carried out utilizing four common types of organics as growth substrates. The consequence of the phenomenon of uncoupling in full‐scale treatment plants, based on experiences at one of the Phoenix wastewater treatment plants, is discussed.
Structured Reporting for Cardiac CT (2019)

Structured cardiac CT reporting allows effective communication with referring physicians, ensures consistency, enables quality improvement, and facilitates research and education. Essential elements involved in structured reporting of cardiac CT examinations, including the use of standardized reporting templates and terminology, are described in this chapter.