gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SIMULTANEOUS UNILATERAL MOYAMOYA DISEASE AND IPSILATERAL DURAL ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULA (2008)

OBJECTIVE Previous reports have described an association between moyamoya disease and arteriovenous malformations, but this unusual case is the first report of a unilateral moyamoya pattern simultaneously associated with an ipsilateral dural arteriovenous fistula (dAVF). CLINICAL PRESENTATION A 44-year-old man presented with headache, tinnitus, and an intraventricular hemorrhage, as seen on computed tomographic scans. Cerebral angiography showed a right moyamoya pattern and an ipsilateral dAVF fed by branches of the external carotid artery and draining into the transverse sinus. INTERVENTION After the intraventricular hemorrhage resolved, the patient underwent transarterial embolization of the dAVF with Onyx (EV3, Inc. Irvine, CA), followed by a direct superficial temporal artery-to-middle cerebral artery bypass. Subsequent reconstitution of the dAVF required transvenous embolization, which obliterated the dAVF. At his 2-month follow-up examination, the patient was asymptomatic and neurologically intact. CONCLUSION Recent investigations have established that both moyamoya disease and dAVFs are associated with dural angiogenesis. These factors may represent a mechanism for vaso-occlusive ischemia contributing to the formation of dAVF. This extremely rare coincidental presentation may have deeper pathogenic implications.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Escapes from RNA Interference-Mediated Inhibition (2004)

Short-term assays have suggested that RNA interference (RNAi) may be a powerful new method for intracellular immunization against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. However, RNAi has not yet been shown to protect cells against HIV-1 in long-term virus replication assays. We stably introduced vectors expressing small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) directed against the HIV-1 genome into human T cells by retroviral transduction. We report here that an siRNA directed against the viral Nef gene (siRNA-Nef) confers resistance to HIV-1 replication. This block in replication is not absolute, and HIV-1 escape variants that were no longer inhibited by siRNA-Nef appeared after several weeks of culture. These RNAi-resistant viruses contained nucleotide substitutions or deletions in the Nef gene that modified or deleted the siRNA-Nef target sequence. These results demonstrate that efficient inhibition of HIV-1 replication through RNAi is possible in stably transduced cells. Therefore, RNAi could become a realistic gene therapy approach with which to overcome the devastating effect of HIV-1 on the immune system. However, as is known for antiviral drug therapy against HIV-1, antiviral approaches involving RNAi should be used in a combined fashion to prevent the emergence of resistant viruses.
Cover Picture: Structural Modifications to Polystyrene via Self‐Assembling Molecules (Adv. Funct. Mater. 3/2005) (2005)

Abstract The cover shows tensile failure of a sample of pure polystyrene (left), and a polystyrene sample with greater impact strength containing 1% by weight of dispersed nanoribbons (right), as reported in work by Stupp and co‐workers on p. 487. The nanoribbons are formed by self‐assembly of molecules known as dendron rodcoils (DRCs) in styrene monomer, resulting in the formation of a gel. This gel can then be polymerized thermally. We have previously reported that small quantities of self‐assembling molecules known as dendron rodcoils (DRCs) can be used as supramolecular additives to modify the properties of polystyrene (PS). These molecules spontaneously assemble into supramolecular nanoribbons that can be incorporated into bulk PS in such a way that the orientation of the polymer is significantly enhanced when mechanically drawn above the glass‐transition temperature. In the current study, we more closely evaluate the structural role of the DRC nanoribbons in PS by investigating the mechanical properties and deformation microstructures of polymers modified by self‐assembly. In comparision to PS homopolymer, PS containing small amounts (≤ 1.0 wt.‐%) of self‐assembling DRC molecules exhibit greater Charpy impact strengths in double‐notch four‐point bending and significantly greater elongations to failure in uniaxial tension at 250 % prestrain. Although the DRC‐modified polymer shows significantly smaller elongations to failure at 1000 % prestrain, both low‐ and high‐prestrain specimens maintain tensile strengths that are comparable to those of the homopolymer. The improved toughness and ductility of DRC‐modified PS appears to be related to the increased stress whitening and craze density that was observed near fracture surfaces. However, the mechanism by which the self‐assembling DRC molecules toughen PS is different from that of conventional additives. These molecules assemble into supramolecular nanoribbons that enhance polymer orientation, which in turn modifies crazing patterns and improves impact strength and ductility.
Interference alignment-like precoder design in multi-pair two-way relay cognitive radio networks (2012)

In this paper, we design relay precoder in a MIMO cognitive radio network where two-way transmission of multiple secondary user pairs occurs concurrently with primary network's transmission. We propose an interference alignment like precoder design which jointly aligns the direction of interference and the desired signal while interference to primary network is completely canceled. When the secondary transmitters and receivers are equipped with multiple antennas, sources, relay and receivers can all participate in aligning the interference and signal directions. It is shown that zero-forcing relay beamforming in which inter-pair interference is aligned to the null space of desired signal space is a special case of our algorithm. Our proposed algorithm can also work in the scenario where the number of antennas at relay node is not large enough and therefore zero-forcing is not possible. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is illustrated via simulations and compared with zero-forcing and MSE based designs.
Plasma Cholesterol-Lowering Effects of Alpiniae katsumadaii Extract as an Inhibiter of Pancreatic Cholesterol Esterase Activity (2000)

Ethanol extract of Alpiniae Katsumadaii semen inhibited potently cholesterol esterase activity in vitro. Chloroform fraction of ethanol extract showed the stronger inhibitory effect than other solvent fractions-ethylacetate fraction, butanol fraction, and aqueous fraction. The chloroform frac ion of Alpiniae katsumadaii semen were studied as a candidator of plasma cholesterol lowering material in high cholesterol-fed rats. In high cholesterol-fed rats, the diet with chloroform fraction of 100 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg lowered not only plasma neutral lipids contents 25.9% and 26.5% but also plasma total cholesterol level 11.8% and 20.8%, respectively. Plasma HDL-cholesterol level and Atherogenic Index(AI) in Alpiniae chloroform fraction-fed rats were recovered as those level of normal rats.
IMPROVEMENT ON ESTIMATING MEDIAN FOR FINITE POPULATION USING AUXILIARY VARIABLES IN DOUBLE-SAMPLING (2018)

The aim of the study is to suggest a difference-cum-ratio type of median estimator for finite population median using two-auxiliary variables in double sampling. Using simple random sampling without-replacement scheme (SRSWOR) the estimated mean square error (MSE) and BIAS are computed for the new suggested median estimator. The suggested median estimator has a smaller MSE than all other median estimators currently in practice, showing a valid contribution to the literature. In addition some members of the suggested estimator and theoretical comparison of MSE are also computed. Finally, the numerical and graphical comparison of percent relative efficiency (PRE) is also computed for five different real data sets.
Influence of Ester and Ether Linkage in Phospholipids on the Environment and Dynamics of the Membrane Interface:  A Wavelength-Selective Fluorescence Approach (2004)

We have monitored the environment and dynamics of the membrane interface formed by the ester-linked phospholipid 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) and the ether-linked phospholipid 1,2-dihexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DHPC) utilizing the wavelength-selective fluorescence approach and using the fluorescent membrane probe 2-(9-anthroyloxy)stearic acid (2-AS). This interfacially localized probe offers a number of advantages over those which lack a fixed location in the membrane. When incorporated in membranes formed by DPPC and DHPC, 2-AS exhibits red edge excitation shift (REES) of 14 and 8 nm, respectively. This implies that the rate of solvent reorientation, as sensed by the interfacial anthroyloxy probe, in ester-linked DPPC membranes is slow compared to the rate of solvent reorientation in ether-linked DHPC membranes. In addition, the fluorescence polarization values of 2-AS are found to be higher in DHPC membranes than in DPPC membranes. This is further supported by wavelength-dependent changes in fluorescence polarization and lifetime. Taken together, these results are useful in understanding the role of interfacial chemistry on membrane physical properties.
DigiSwitch (2010)

Home monitoring represents an appealing alternative for older adults considering out-of-home long term care and an avenue for informal caregivers and health care providers to gain decision-critical information about an older adults' health and well-being. However, privacy concerns about having 24/7 monitoring, especially video monitoring, in the home environment have been cited as a major barrier in the design of home monitoring systems. In this paper we describe the design and evaluation of "DigiSwitch", a health informatics technology designed to allow older adults to view information as it is collected about them and temporarily cease transmission of data for privacy reasons. Results from a series of iterative user studies suggest that control over the transmission of monitoring data from the home is helpful for maintaining user privacy. The studies demonstrate that older adults are able to use DigiSwitch to monitor and direct the collection and transmission of health information in their homes, providing these participants with a way to simultaneously maintain privacy and benefit from home monitoring technology.
The effect of butyrate-supplemented parenteral nutrition on intestinal defence mechanisms and the parenteral nutrition-induced shift in the gut microbiota (2018)

Abstract Butyrate produced by the intestinal microbiota is essential for proper functioning of the intestinal immune system. Total dependence on parenteral nutrition (PN) is associated with numerous adverse effects, including severe microbial dysbiosis and loss of important butyrate producers. We hypothesised that a lack of butyrate produced by the gut microbiota may be compensated by its supplementation in PN mixtures. We tested whether i.v. butyrate administration would (a) positively modulate intestinal defence mechanisms and (b) counteract PN-induced dysbiosis. Male Wistar rats were randomised to chow, PN, and PN supplemented with 9 mM butyrate (PN+But) for 12 days. Antimicrobial peptides, mucins, tight junction proteins and cytokine expression were assessed by RT-qPCR. T-cell subpopulations in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) were analysed by flow cytometry. Microbiota composition was assessed in caecum content. Butyrate supplementation resulted in increased expression of tight junction proteins ( ZO-1, claudin-7, E-cadherin ), antimicrobial peptides ( Defa 8, Rd5, RegIIIγ ) and lysozyme in the ileal mucosa. Butyrate partially alleviated PN-induced intestinal barrier impairment and normalised IL-4, IL-10 and IgA mRNA expression. PN administration was associated with an increase in Tregs in MLN, which was normalised by butyrate. Butyrate increased the total number of CD4+ and decreased a relative amount of CD8+ memory T cells in MLN. Lack of enteral nutrition and PN administration led to a shift in caecal microbiota composition. Butyrate did not reverse the altered expression of most taxa but did influence the abundance of some potentially beneficial/ pathogenic genera, which might contribute to its overall beneficial effect.
Bending electrostriction and space-charge distribution in polyurethane films (2003)

Application of an electric field bent a polyurethane single-layer film. The bending direction depended on the chemical structure of the polyurethane. A film made from a polyurethane (N-PU) that had phenylimino groups in its structure bent toward the anode side. On the other hand, another film made from a different kind of polyurethane (Nt-PU) that had nitrophenyl groups bent toward the cathode side. Measurements of the space-charge distributions in the films using a pulsed electroacoustic method revealed contrasting distributions between the films. That is, in the N-PU film, positive space charge accumulated near the cathode. In the Nt-PU film, the negative one accumulated near the anode. These contrasting results between N-PU and Nt-PU both in the bending direction and the space-charge distribution suggested a direct relation of space charge to the bending mechanism.
Gene discovery and molecular Pre-breeding for insect resistance in wheat and barley (2011)

Pre-breeding research has a significant role in linking between genetic resources and breeding as it shortens the time frame between genetic enhancement and the development of new, improved crop varieties. The Russian wheat aphid (RWA), Diuraphis noxia, is one of the most damaging insect pests of wheat and barley throughout the World. Although it is not yet present, its incursion to Australia is expected cause substantial loses to the grains industry and therefore pre-breeding research against this insect is seen as a high priority in Australia. The objectives of the study are to: 1) Identify available RWA resistant wheat and barley germplasm from around the world and characterize against available RWA biotypes in various countries, 2) develop genomic tools for marker-assisted breeding, and 3) introgress new RWA resistance genes into more adapted wheat and barley backgrounds. &#13;\n&#13;\nWe have evaluated a wide range of wheat and barley lines from various parts of the world against a number of RWA biotypes from USA, Argentina, Mexico, Hungary, South Africa, France, Chile, Iran, and Syria. Wheat and barley lines with moderate to good levels of resistance were identified. Genetic analysis of RWA resistant wheat lines has revealed significant diversity. To date, with the use of F2 and DH populations we have mapped genes from four new sources of wheat for RWA resistance on chromosomes 1DS and 7D. Closely linked SSR and Diversity array technology (DArT) markers have been identified. These markers are also being used to identify wheat contigs potentially carrying the resistance genes. Introgression of resistance genes to adapted wheat and barley lines have progressed up to BC3 generation. As we have identified some wheat lines that are resistant to both RWA and Ug99 in Kenya, crosses were also established to introgress resistance genes to both pests.
Multiuser Random Coding Techniques for Mismatched Decoding (2016)

This paper studies multiuser random coding techniques for channel coding with a given (possibly suboptimal) decoding rule. For the mismatched discrete memoryless multiple-access channel, an error exponent is obtained that is tight with respect to the ensemble average, and positive within the interior of Lapidoth's achievable rate region. This exponent proves the ensemble tightness of the exponent of Liu and Hughes in the case of maximum-likelihood decoding. An equivalent dual form of Lapidoth's achievable rate region is given, and the latter is shown to immediately extend to channels with infinite and continuous alphabets. In the setting of single-user mismatched decoding, similar analysis techniques are applied to a refined version of superposition coding, which is shown to achieve rates at least as high as standard superposition coding for any set of random-coding parameters.
Man-Machine-Interface Software Design of a Cotton Harvester Yield Monitor Calibration System (2019)

Several yield monitors are available for use on cotton harvesters, but none are able to maintain yield measurement accuracy across cultivars and field conditions that vary spatially and/or temporally. Thus, the utility of yield monitors as tools for on-farm research is limited unless steps are taken to calibrate the systems as cultivars and conditions change. This technical note details the man-machine-interface software system design portion of a harvester-based yield monitor calibration system for basket-type cotton strippers. The system was based upon the use of pressure sensors to measure the weight of the basket by monitoring the static pressure in the hydraulic lift cylinder circuit. To ensure accurate weighing, the system automatically lifted the basket to a target lift height, allowed basket time to settle, then weighed the contents of the basket. The software running the system was split into two parts that were run on an embedded low-level micro-controller, and a mobile computer located in the harvester cab. The system was field tested under commercial conditions and found to measure basket load weights within 2.5% of the reference scale. As such, the system was proven to be capable of providing an on-board auto-correction to a yield monitor for use in multi-variety field trials.
Combining 3D printing and liquid handling to produce user-friendly reactionware for chemical synthesis and purification (2013)

We use two 3D-printing platforms as solid- and liquid-handling fabricators, producing sealed reactionware for chemical synthesis with the reagents, catalysts and purification apparatus integrated into monolithic devices. Using this reactionware, a multi-step reaction sequence was performed by simply rotating the device so that the reaction mixture flowed through successive environments under gravity, without the need for any pumps or liquid-handling prior to product retrieval from the reactionware in a pure form.
Ligand-Dependent Degradation of Retinoid X Receptors Does Not Require Transcriptional Activity or Coactivator Interactions (2001)

Cells utilize ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis to regulate the activity of numerous proteins involved in signal transduction, cell cycle control, and transcriptional regulation. For a number of transcription factors, there appears to be a direct correlation between transcriptional activity and protein instability, suggesting that cells use targeted destruction as one method to down-regulate or attenuate gene expression. In this report we demonstrate that retinoid X receptors (RXRs) which function as versatile mediators of nuclear hormone-dependent gene expression are marked for destruction upon binding agonist ligands. Interestingly, when RXR serves as a heterodimeric partner for retinoic acid (RAR) or thyroid hormone (TR) receptors, binding of agonists by RAR or TR leads to degradation of both the transcriptionally active RAR or TR subunits as well as the transcriptionally inactive RXR subunit. Furthermore, using a series of mutants in the ligand-dependent activation domain (activation function 2), we demonstrate that agonist-stimulated degradation of RXR does not require corepressor release, coactivator binding, or transcriptional activity. Taken together, the data suggest a model for targeted destruction of transcription factors based on structural or conformational signals as opposed to functional coupling with gene transcription.
A safety evaluation of imatinib mesylate in the treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (2016)

Imatinib has been the standard of care for metastatic GIST and probably will continue to be so for the next few years. Still, despite dramatic responses initially, imatinib drug resistance continues to be the major factor for treatment discontinuation. The toxicity profile of imatinib has been well characterized, and although the majority of patients experience an adverse event during treatment with imatinib, these side effects are usually mild and manageable, with the majority of patients continuing treatment uninterruptedly. Early concerns regarding imatinib related cardiotoxicity in GIST have not been confirmed in large prospective randomized trials, with reports indicating a low incidence of approximately 0.2%-0.4%. Future strategies for treatment of imatinib resistant GIST will probably include novel tyrosine kinase inhibitors, combination therapies or immunotherapy.
Sexual Competitiveness of Male Boll Weevils Sterilized with Apholate Unaffected by Diet1234 (1968)

Journal Article Sexual Competitiveness of Male Boll Weevils Sterilized with Apholate Unaffected by Diet Get access F. R. Gilliland, Jr., F. R. Gilliland, Jr. Entomology Research Division, Agr. Res. Serv., USDA, State College, Mississippi Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar T. B. Davich T. B. Davich Entomology Research Division, Agr. Res. Serv., USDA, State College, Mississippi Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 61, Issue 3, 1 June 1968, Pages 852–853, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/61.3.852 Published: 01 June 1968 Article history Accepted: 17 November 1967 Published: 01 June 1968
Abrupt Shear Thickening of Aqueous Solutions of Hydrophobically Modified Poly(N,N′-dimethylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) (2010)

We report some new and interesting observations on the abrupt and large shear-induced thickening of aqueous solutions of hydrophobically modified poly(N,N′-dimethylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid). High molecular weight copolymer was prepared by free radical copolymerization of N,N′-dimethylacrylamide [DMA] and acrylic acid [AA] and was subsequently modified to different extents using a hydrophobic compound, namely, 3-pentadecylcyclohexylamine [3-PDCA], which is derived from a renewable resource material, cashew nutshell liquid [CNSL]. The structural elucidation of the base copolymer and the hydrophobically modified copolymers was performed by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The zero shear viscosities [η0] of the hydrophobically modified polymers were lower than that of the precursor poly(N,N′-dimethylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) until some critical polymer concentration, which increased with increase in hydrophobic modification. Above the critical concentrations, the η0 of the hydrophobically modified copolymers surpassed that of the precursor at the same concentration. At moderate shear rates some of these hydrophobically modified copolymers exhibited an abrupt shear-induced thickening in which the viscosity of the samples increased severalfold. We show here from creep experiments that thickening occurs only when the shear rate reaches a critical value, γ̇crit, and that the thickened samples can be trapped in different metastable states by controlling the applied stress. Interestingly, the shear thickened samples showed further thickening upon decreasing the applied stress. Eventually, the metastable samples revert to their equilibrium states at characteristic time that depends on (small) probe stress.
THE RIDDLE OF FEMININITY: THE INTERPLAY OF PRIMARY FEMININITY AND THE CASTRATION COMPLEX IN ANALYTIC LISTENING (2001)

This study elucidates the application of an analytic attitude to questions of gender and sexuality. The paper reports on a study group's exploration of the relative heuristic use of two important organising concepts in analytic work with female analysands: primary femininity and the phallic castration complex. A tendency to cling to one position over the other skews analytic listening. Two cases are presented of women struggling to consolidate positive feminine identifications and, to that end, working through conflicting feminine identifications and defences against a resolution of the awareness of gender differences. Analytic listening requires a view of each psychic construction as a layer to be understood in its own right yet as a cloak soon to reveal the next layer—a different construction. The study includes observations on perverse fantasies in women.