gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bioinspired buckling of scaled skins (2021)

Natural flexural armors combine hard, discrete scales attached to soft tissues, providing unique combinations of surface hardness (for protection) and flexibility (for unimpeded motion). Scaled skins are now inspiring synthetic protective materials which offer attractive properties, but which still suffer from limited trade-offs between flexibility and protection. In particular, bending a scaled skin with the scales on the intrados side jams the scales and stiffen the system significantly, which is not desirable in systems like gloves where scales must cover the palm side. Nature appears to have solved this problem by creating scaled skins that can form wrinkles and folds, a very effective mechanism to accommodate large bending deformations and to maintain flexural compliance. This study is inspired from these observations: we explored how rigid scales on a soft membrane can buckle and fold in a controlled way. We examined the energetics of buckling and stability of different buckling modes using a combination of discrete element modeling and experiments. In particular, we demonstrate how scales can induce a stable mode II buckling, which is required for the formation of wrinkles and which could increase the overall flexural compliance and agility of bioinspired protective elements.
Assay of Phospholipid Hydraperoxides by Chemiluminescence-Based High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (2003)

Lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH) are the primary products of lipid peroxidation. Therefore, it would be desirable to detect and identify the lipid hydroperoxides in tissues or blood. One of the most advanced methods for the detection of LOOH is a chemiluminescence-based high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay (1–5) as shown in Fig. 1. The reaction sequence leading to the emission of light from isoluminol in the presence of LOOH and microperoxidase, a heme catalyst, is assumed to be as follows:
Characterization of Shallow- and Deep-Level Defects in Undoped Ge1−xSnxEpitaxial Layers by Electrical Measurements (2015)

Shallow- and deep-level defects in undoped Ge1−xSnx epitaxial layers on Ge and Si grown by molecular beam epitaxy and metal–organic chemical vapor deposition were investigated by Hall effect, capacitance–voltage, and deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) measurements. We discuss the effects of postdeposition annealing and introducing hydrogen during crystal growth on shallow-level defects in undoped Ge1−xSnx epitaxial layers. Using DLTS measurements, we found shallow- (<EV+0.05 eV) and deep-level (EC−0.23 to EC−0.33 eV) defects in undoped Ge1−xSnx grown on Ge. We conclude that one of the candidates for the shallow-level defect is related to dislocation in the epitaxial layers.
Application Of Rapid Prototyping For Engineering Design Projects (2020)

Abstract NOTE: The first page of text has been automatically extracted and included below in lieu of an abstract Utilization of rapid prototyping equipment in senior design projects Abstract: The use and application of Rapid Prototyping methods has been considered as an useful, but not necessary, step in the design process of new and improved products. Rapid Prototyping (RP) is an optional technology that has changed greatly from the early RP equipment and technology to the currently available option on materials, technology and machines. In certain cases in industry the utilization of RP technologies and equipment is of great benefit. Rapid Prototyping not only allows the people involved to visualize the concepts and/or alternatives being presented, but in some cases it gives them a better and more complete set of parameters that can be utilized to transfer ideas from the conceptual stage to the analysis/improvement stage in the design process. Nowadays the latest RP technologies can be used during the development of engineering projects. From the academic point of view, these projects are with the participation of students and, typically, with local industry. Thus resulting in a situation that benefits all the parties involved. The paper presents a couple of projects where the use of RP was beneficial for design visualization and verification. Initial and final designs for each case are presented, with explanation on the modifications performed and the value added by the use of RP. 1. INTRODUCTION The techniques of Rapid Prototyping (RP) began few decades ago when fragile, dimensionally inexact "touch and feel" models were produced to aid in the 3-D representation of drawings. Today, the science of RP has advanced to the point where exceptionally accurate, durable and functional parts can be fabricated with a variety of materials using a number of prototyping methods (Beaudin, R., et. al, 2000). Those RP models, produced mainly from non-metals, have been useful in validating a component for form and fit; and lately there has been a generation of techniques that is producing functional and metallic parts. Rapid Prototyping refers to “several processes that create physical models directly from a CAD database” (Sriram, et.al. 2002). Components produced by RP machines are usually composed of different materials than the final product versions, and hence do not share many of the desired properties. They are, however, able to provide the designer with an idea of physical, ergonomic, and other properties of a particular component before it is send for production. There currently exist four accepted methods of Rapid Prototyping: a) Stereolithography (SLA) b) Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) c) Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) d) 3D Printing.
Self-organized quantum dots and quantum dot lasers (invited) (1998)

The growth and characterization of two types of self-organized quantum dots, Stranski-Krastanow (S-K) mode grown quantum dots and atomic layer epitaxy (ALE) grown quantum dots, are described. In the S-K mode growth, molecular beam epitaxy has been used. Multilayer stacked structures have been fabricated. S-K mode grown quantum dots showed the ground state photoluminescence (PL) emission wavelength of 1.14 μm and the full width at half maximum of the emission linewidth of 80 meV. ALE mode grown quantum dots are fabricated using metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. A smaller PL linewidth of 40 meV, indicating a higher uniformity in the size and composition of quantum dots, and a room temperature emission at 1.3 μm were obtained. Continuous wave lasing at the ground state at room temperature was achieved with a S-K mode grown quantum dot laser owing to the high dot density enabled by the stacked dot layer structure. Because of the low density of dots, lasing was at 80 K at the higher order sublevel in ALE grown quantum dot lasers. Based on these experimental results, we discuss the key issues involved in these fabrication technologies and the carrier dynamics to achieve the ideal performance for quantum dot lasers.
Synthesis and x-ray crystal structure of a soluble divalent organosamarium complex (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and x-ray crystal structure of a soluble divalent organosamarium complexWilliam J. Evans, Ira Bloom, William E. Hunter, and Jerry L. AtwoodCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 21, 6507–6508Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00411a046https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00411a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1000Altmetric-Citations151LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
체간신전근의 근력강화운동과 신장운동이 20대 청소년의 근력 및 유연성에 미치는 영향 (2010)

Purpose：This study aimed to examine the Influence of muscle strengthening exercise and stretching exercise of trunk extensor muscles on muscular strength and flexibility in adolescent of the twenties. Methods：Muscle strengthening exercise group(n=10), stretching exercise group(n=10) and strengthening and stretching exercise group(n=10) were measured muscular strength by digital back and leg dynamometer and flexibility by sit and reach test and trunk extension test at pre-intervention and post-intervention in 4weeks. Results：The flexibility 1, flexibility 2 and muscular strength of muscle strengthening exercise group were significantly increased within the intervention period(p＜.05). The flexibility 2 and muscular strength of stretching exercise group were significantly increased within the intervention period(p＜.05). but flexibility 1 was not significantly different at in 4 weeks(p>.05). The flexibility 1, flexibility 2 and muscular strength of muscle strengthening and stretching exercise group were significantly increased within the intervention period(p＜.05). Conclusion：We were found that muscle strengthening exercise and stretching exercise of trunk extensor muscles could improve muscular strength and flexibility for adolescent of the twenties.
A new oligo(hexafluoropropylene oxide)-b-oligo(ethylene oxide) diblock surfactant obtained by radical reactions (2014)

The synthesis and characterization of a new oligo(hexafluoropropylene oxide)-<italic>b</italic>-oligo(ethylene oxide), oligo(HFPO)-<italic>b</italic>-oligo(PEG), diblock co-oligomer are presented.
Tyrosine Sulfation of Statherin (2007)

Tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase (TPST), responsible for the sulfation of a variety of secretory and membrane proteins, has been identified and characterized in submandibular salivary glands (William et al. Arch Biochem Biophys 1997; 338: 90-96). In the present study we demonstrate the sulfation of a salivary secretory protein, statherin, by the tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase present in human saliva. Optimum statherin sulfation was observed at pH 6.5 and at 20 mm MnCl(2). Increase in the level of total sulfation was observed with increasing statherin concentration. The K(m)value of tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase for statherin was 40 microM. Analysis of the sulfated statherin product on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by autoradiography revealed (35)S-labelling of a 5 kDa statherin. Further analysis of the sulfated statherin revealed the sulfation on tyrosyl residue. This study is the first report demonstrating tyrosine sulfation of a salivary secretory protein. The implications of this sulfation of statherin in hydroxyapatite binding and Actinomyces viscosus interactions are discussed.
A Privacy-Preserving Mobile and Fog Computing Framework to Trace and Prevent COVID-19 Community Transmission (2020)

To slow down the spread of COVID-19, governments worldwide are trying to identify infected people, and contain the virus by enforcing isolation, and quarantine. However, it is difficult to trace people who came into contact with an infected person, which causes widespread community transmission, and mass infection. To address this problem, we develop an e-government Privacy-Preserving Mobile, and Fog computing framework entitled PPMF that can trace infected, and suspected cases nationwide. We use personal mobile devices with contact tracing app, and two types of stationary fog nodes, named Automatic Risk Checkers (ARC), and Suspected User Data Uploader Node (SUDUN), to trace community transmission alongside maintaining user data privacy. Each user's mobile device receives a Unique Encrypted Reference Code (UERC) when registering on the central application. The mobile device, and the central application both generate Rotational Unique Encrypted Reference Code (RUERC), which broadcasted using the Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) technology. The ARCs are placed at the entry points of buildings, which can immediately detect if there are positive or suspected cases nearby. If any confirmed case is found, the ARCs broadcast pre-cautionary messages to nearby people without revealing the identity of the infected person. The SUDUNs are placed at the health centers that report test results to the central cloud application. The reported data is later used to map between infected, and suspected cases. Therefore, using our proposed PPMF framework, governments can let organizations continue their economic activities without complete lockdown.
Pattern recognition of transillumination images for diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (2005)

In this work the statistical pattern recognition methods were applied for evaluation of transillumination images of interphalangeal joints of patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis. Special portable apparatus was constructed for performing the transillumination examination. It consisted of He-Ne laser with optics for collimated illumination, special holder for placing the finger (perpendicular to optical axis, dorsal site towards camera), and CCD camera with memory stick. 20 ill patients and 20 healthy volunteers were examined. The captured images with 1152x864 resolution were converted into the gray level pictures and analyzed by means of statistical pattern recognition method. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis by use of 1-NN method (1 Nearest Neighbour) were applied for classification. The recognition system was able to differentiate correctly between healthy and ill subjects with 72.35% accuracy in case the data base composed of 40 persons.
Ani9, A Novel Potent Small-Molecule ANO1 Inhibitor with Negligible Effect on ANO2 (2016)

Anoctamin1 (ANO1)/transmembrane protein 16A (TMEM16A), a calcium-activated chloride channel (CaCC), is involved in many physiological functions such as fluid secretion, smooth muscle contraction, nociception and cancer progression. To date, only a few ANO1 inhibitors have been described, and these have low potency and selectivity for ANO1. Here, we performed a high-throughput screening to identify highly potent and selective small molecule inhibitors of ANO1. Three novel ANO1 inhibitors were discovered from screening of 54,400 synthetic small molecules, and they were found to fully block ANO1 channel activity with an IC50 < 3 μM. Electrophysiological analysis revealed that the most potent inhibitor, 2-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)-N-[(2-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-acetamide (Ani9), completely inhibited ANO1 chloride current with submicromolar potency. Notably, unlike previous small-molecule ANO1 inhibitors identified to date, Ani9 displayed high selectivity for ANO1 as compared to ANO2, which shares a high amino acid homology to ANO1. In addition, Ani9 did not affect the intracellular calcium signaling and CFTR chloride channel activity. Our results suggest that Ani9 may be a useful pharmacological tool for studying ANO1 and a potential development candidate for drug therapy of cancer, hypertension, pain, diarrhea and asthma.
The Path to Active and Stable Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzer (2020)

Renewable hydrogen generation is a crucial step to reach a sustainable society. Water electrolysis represents a cheap and effective method for hydrogen production. Anion-exchange membranes (AEM) water electrolysis utilizes inexpensive transition metal electrocatalysts, membranes, ionomers, and construction materials. 1 , 2 In this work we report characterization of NiMo and NiCoFe catalysts that have been optimized as hydrogen and oxygen evolution reaction (HER and OER) catalysts. The characterization includes studies of ionomer-electrolyte-catalyst interaction as a basis for optimizing HER and OER performance under real operating conditions. With these optimized catalysts in an AEM electrolyzer we have achieved 1 A cm -2 at 1.95 V in 1 M KOH at 50 o C. The AEM electrolyzer was stable for 65 hours at 0.5 A cm -2 in 0.1 M KOH. The catalysts developed here will be significant in supporting the pursuit of cheap hydrogen fuel. References 1 A. Faid, A. Oyarce Barnett, F. Seland, S. Sunde, A. Y. Faid, A. Oyarce Barnett, F. Seland, and S. Sunde, Catalysts , 2018, 8 , 614. 2 A. Y. Faid, A. O. Barnett, F. Seland, and S. Sunde, J. Electrochem. Soc. , 2019, 166 , F519–F533. Figure 1
In Vivo Evaluation Of The Antithrombotic Effects Of Some Polysaccharides Of Ultra Low Molecular Weight (1981)

Ultra low molecular weight saccharide fragments (ULMFs) have been obtained from porcine mucosal heparin (PMH) by extraction (e-ULMF) and by bacterial heparinase depolymerization (h-ULMF-8) processes. Both fragments showed a strong anti Xa activity (&gt;2000 u/mg units, Yin and Wessler, J. Lab. Clin. Med. 81, 298, 1973) and possess relatively weak potencies in the US Pharmacoepial (&lt;40 USP u/mg) and other conventional coagulant assays (activated and non activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time and whole blood activated recalcification times). Since ULMFs showed a strong anti Xa activity, we evaluated their antithrombotic actions in a modified stasis-thrombosis model (Wessler et. al. J. App. Phys. 14, 943, 1959) challenging the animals with various thrombogenic stimuli; activated and non activated prothrombin complex concentrates, factor Xa concentrates and human serum. h-ULMF-8 at dosage &lt;0.125 mg/kg (&lt;250 Anti Xa u/kg) IV and &lt;1.0 mg/kg (&gt;2000 anti Xa u/kg) SC completely protected the thrombogenic effects of various thrombogenic agents, whereas PMH at these dosages failed to produce any protection in pre and post treatment regiments. Similar studies with e-ULMF showed protection, however, the antithrombotic responses varied among animals. In vitro supplementation of heparin fragments at 5 times the concentration which protected animals against the thrombogenic effects of activated prothrombin complex concentrates failed to produce any elevation of prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin times, thrombin time and other coagulant assays. Our studies suggest that ULMFs are potent antithrombotic agents and may exert their effects involving multiple sites and primarily inhibiting the Xa and the non-thrombin serine proteases formed during activated states.
Dense Dilated Network With Probability Regularized Walk for Vessel Detection (2019)

The detection of retinal vessel is of great importance in the diagnosis and treatment of many ocular diseases. Many methods have been proposed for vessel detection. However, most of the algorithms neglect the connectivity of the vessels, which plays an important role in the diagnosis. In this paper, we propose a novel method for retinal vessel detection. The proposed method includes a dense dilated network to get an initial detection of the vessels and a probability regularized walk algorithm to address the fracture issue in the initial detection. The dense dilated network integrates newly proposed dense dilated feature extraction blocks into an encoder-decoder structure to extract and accumulate features at different scales. A multi-scale Dice loss function is adopted to train the network. To improve the connectivity of the segmented vessels, we also introduce a probability regularized walk algorithm to connect the broken vessels. The proposed method has been applied on three public data sets: DRIVE, STARE and CHASE_DB1. The results show that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and also area under receiver operating characteristic curve.
Green Synthesis of ZnO Nano Particles, its Characterization and Application (2017)

Nano ZnO was synthesised by green approach employing aqueous extract of Adulsa and Lemongrass leaves. XRD suggested hexagonal wutzite structure for these prepared ZnO. Synthesised nanoparticles efficiently catalysed Biginelli reaction.
RP HPLC method for the quantification of coal tar in topical foam (2011)

Coal tar is a brown or black liquid of high viscosity, smells like naphthalene and hydrocarbons. Coal tars are complex and variable mixtures of phenols, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and heterocyclic compounds.A unique stability- indicating HPLC method was developed for the quantitative determination of%coal tar by quantification ofmarker peaks viz PhenanthreneAnthracene and Pyrene in pharmaceutical dosage forms in the presence of degradation products and excipients. Phenomenex Hypersil BDS 150mmx 4.6mm, 3 µm column was used to achieve separation using gradient method. The mobile phase A contains deionised water and the mobile phase B contains acetonitrile. The flowrate was 0.8 mLmin-1 and the detection wavelength was 240 nm. The retention time of phenathrene, anthracene and pyrene are 21.7, 23.8 and 29.7minutes respectively. The total run time is 60 minuteswithinwhich three marker peaks and degradation productswere separated. Calibration showed that the response of phenathrene, anthracene and pyrene was a linear function of concentration over the range 0.25-0.75 µg mL-1 (r iÂ³ 0.999) and the method was validated over this range for precision, intermediate precision, accuracy, linearity and specificity. Themethod was developed and validated successfully and applied to the quantitative determination of coal tar marker peaks in coal tar foamproduct.
Scale-up of circulating fluidized bed coal combustors (1991)

This experimental project has been aimed at quantifying the effects of scale-up upon the hydrodynamics of CFB coal combustors. To this end, we have constructed a cold CFB facility with the ability to recirculate, -- rather than discard, -- fluidization gas mixtures of adjustable density and viscosity. Hydrodynamic analogy between the cold bed and a coal combustor is achieved by matching all relevant dimensionless parameters (Glicksman, 1984; Louge, 1987). Several choices of gas composition and particle properties make the cold flow analogous to that in combustors of diameters in the range 0.3 to 1m. Therefore, for the first time, scale-up effects are quantified directly using cold flow facility. 8 refs.
Bean na h-Éireann: Feminism and Nationalism in an Irish Journal, 1908-1911 (2009)

Bean na h-Éireann is credited with being the first nationalist-feminist paper of Ireland, however scholars who generously award this title are mistaken. The articles of Bean na h-Éireann not only avoid commentary in favor of the women’s movement but actually hinder the women’s agenda by conforming to the preexisting ideas “women’s issues” such as clothing, consumerism, household duties and childcare. This paper analyzes the articles during the entire length of publication (1908-1911). Rather than encourage the women of Ireland to expand their roles in the nationalist movement, writers force their readers to stay within the confines of the household sphere by focusing on issues such as “Christmas Gifts and Where to Buy Them,” “How Irish Women Should Dress,” and “A Note of Safety Pins.” Articles such as these did not further any feminist agenda and instead kept Irish women in their pre-established realms of domesticity. I believe that the ideas of Bean na h-Éireann were too limited on “women’s issues” to be the radical feminist journal it is credited as.