gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fully Oxidized and Mixed-Valent Polyoxomolybdates Structured by Bisphosphonates with Pendant Pyridine Groups: Synthesis, Structure and Photochromic Properties (2015)

Hybrid organic-inorganic polyoxometalates (POMs) were synthesized in water by the reaction of a MoVI precursor with bisphosphonate ligands functionalized by pyridine groups. The fully oxidized POM [(MoVI3O8)2(O)(O3PC(O)(C3H6NH2CH2C5H4NH)PO3)2]4− has been isolated as water insoluble pure Na salt (NaMo6(Ale-4Py)2) or mixed Na/K salt (NaKMo6(Ale-4Py)2) and their structure solved using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The mixed-valent complex [(MoV2O4)(MoVI2O6)2{O3PC(O)(C3H6N(CH2C5H4N)2(MoVIO3))PO3}2]8− was obtained as an ammonium salt (NH4Mo6(AlePy2Mo)2), in the presence of a reducing agent (hydrazine). 31P NMR spectroscopic studies in aqueous media have allowed determining the pH stability domain of NH4Mo6(AlePy2Mo)2. NaMo6(Ale-4Py)2 and NaKMo6(Ale-4Py)2 exhibit remarkable solid-state photochromic properties in ambient conditions. Under UV excitation, they develop a very fast color-change from white to deep purple and proved to be the fastest photochromic organoammonium/POM systems. The coloration kinetics has been fully quantified for both salts and is discussed in light of the hydrogen-bonding networks.
Microstructure and Magnetic Properties of FePt–Cr2O3 Films (2014)

We have studied the microstructures and magnetic properties of FePt with various metal oxides, to achieve an ideal media structure on glass substrates for thermally assisted magnetic recording. Unlike FePt-C granular films, FePt-MxOy(M = Ti, Nb, W, Zr, and Al) granular films showed an interconnected in-plane microstructure and low coercivity. However, the usage of Cr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> as a segregant leads to very fine columnar granular structure, while there is still room for improvement in coercivity.
Identification of a Peptide of the Guanosine Triphosphate Binding Site within Brain Glutamate Dehydrogenase Isoproteins Using 8-Azidoguanosine Triphosphate (1996)

Photoaffinity labeling with [gamma-32P]8N3GTP (8-azidoguanosine triphosphate) was used to identify the guanine binding peptides of the GTT binding site within two types of glutamate dehydrogenase isoproteins (GDH I and GDH II) isolated from bovine brain. 8N3GTP, without photolysis, mimicked the inhibitory properties of GTP on GDH I and GDH II activities. Saturation of photoinsertion of GDH isoproteins revealed an apparent Kd of 8 microM (GDH I) and 24 microM (GDH II) for [gamma-32P]8N3GTP. Ion exchange and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used to isolate photolabel-containing peptides generated with trypsin. This identified a portion of the guanine binding domain within the GTP binding site is the region containing the sequence I-S-G-A-S-E-X-D-I-V-H-S-A-L-A-Y-T-M E-R (GDH I) and I-S-G-A-S-E-X-D-I-V-H-S-G-L-A-Y-T-M-E-R (GDH II). The symbol X indicates a position for which no phenylthiohydantoin-amino acid could be assigned. The missing residue, however, can be designated as a photolabeled lysine since the sequences including the lysine residue in question have a complete identity with those of the other GDH species known. Also, trypsin was unable to cleave the photolabeled peptide at this site. Photolabeling of these peptides was prevented by the presence of GTP during photolysis, while other nucleotides could not reduce the amount of photoinsertion as effectively as GTP. These results demonstrate selectivity of the photoprobe for the GTP binding site and suggest that the peptide identified using the photoprobe is located in the GTP binding domain of the brain GDH isoproteins.
Direct arylation polymerization of asymmetric push–pull aryl halides (2017)

Recently, direct arylation polymerization (DArP) has emerged as a greener polymerization method for donor–acceptor (D–A) type conjugated polymers.
Bcl-2 sensitivity differentiates two pathways for motoneuronal death in the wobbler mutant mouse (1996)

International audience
Energy-Saving Electrical Installations for Heat Supply of Agricultural Objects (2019)

Electrical energy in the thermal processes of agricultural production has a number of technical and technological advantages in comparison with other energy carriers. At the same time, electricity is the most high-quality but expensive type of energy. The effective use of electrical energy in thermal processes is possible with the implementation of all its advantages over fuel energy. This requires a system of technical, economic, and energy analysis and the selection justification of the most effective systems and technical means of heat supply of stationary agricultural technological processes. The chapter presents functional and technological schemes, physical models, the experimentally obtained dependencies, parameters, and operating regimes of the developed energy-saving electrical equipment and systems for the main thermal technological processes.
Production and properties of holographic photopolymeric material in a hybrid sol-gel matrix (2006)

This paper describes a method of obtaining a holographic photopolymer material 0.5-1 mm thick in a hybrid organic-inorganic matrix and the results of investigating it as a recording medium of 3D holographic memory, as well as for fabricating templates of 2D and 3D photonic crystals. To obtain such a material, a copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone with triethoxyvinylsilane was synthesized, followed by hydrolytic condensation of the given copolymer with tetraethoxysilane presol. It is shown that a solid sol-gel matrix that is stable against cracking can be formed with a presol:copolymer weight ratio of 1:4.
Phase contrast-based phase retrieval: a bridge between qualitative phase contrast and quantitative phase imaging by phase retrieval algorithms (2020)

In the last five decades, iterative phase retrieval methods have drawn a lot of interest across the research community as a non-interferometric approach to recover quantitative phase distributions from one (or more) intensity measurement. However, in cases where a unique solution does exist, these methods often require oversampling and high computational resources, which limit the use of this approach in important applications. On the other hand, phase contrast methods are based on a single camera exposure, but provide only a qualitative description of the phase; thus, they are not useful for applications in which the quantitative phase description is needed. In this Letter, we establish a combined approach based on the two above-mentioned methods to overcome their respective drawbacks. We show that a modified phase retrieval algorithm easily converges to the correct solution by initializing the algorithm with a phase-induced intensity measurement, namely with a phase contrast image of the examined object. Accurate quantitative phase measurements for both binary and continuously varying phase objects are demonstrated to support the suggested system as a single-shot quantitative phase contrast microscope.
Hyperthyroxinemia in Newborns Due to Excess Thyroxine-Binding Globulin (1983)

NORMALLY, the bulk of total serum thyroxine (T4), approximately 80 per cent, is bound to T4-binding globulin, a glycoprotein synthesized in the liver. An elevation in the serum concentration of this protein that is genetic in origin and unrelated to stimulators such as estrogens was initially recognized in 1959 to cause hyperthyroxinemia. At least 12 kindreds with this disorder have since been described in the literature.1 2 3 4 5 6 Although autosomal dominant inheritance was originally suggested, subsequent studies have demonstrated an X-linked mode of inheritance.2 3 4 5 6 On routine laboratory testing, this harmless genetic abnormality is suggested by an increased level . . .
A hierarchical fuzzy clustering algorithm using pyramid linking data and land-cover classification experiments (2002)

This paper proposes a hierarchical fuzzy clustering algorithm using pyramid linking data. The authors implemented computational code of the hierarchical fuzzy clustering scheme on a Sun workstation. The code incorporates flexible computational modes. The authors evaluated the code experimentally using hypothetical data and image data from Earth observation satellites. Three levels of a pyramid linking data system from these data are generated using 1 to 16 neighbor pixel averaging according to the pyramid linking information. The hypothetical data have been efficiently segmented. Some test sites of the satellite images are experimentally classified by this code.
Shape-based interpolation (1992)

Extensions to a shape-based interpolation method in which pixels that share a boundary edge (one inside and the other outside the object) are considered to be at a distance between adjacent pixel centers are proposed. Using such an initialization for distance calculations, a generalization of the chamfer distance calculation is developed. The generalization allows the simultaneous calculation of distances within the object and its background by two consecutive chamfering processes. The performances of a number of variants of the methods are evaluated. It is shown that the shape-based interpolation using a near-optimal 3*3 distance and modified cubic spline between-slice interpolation has superior properties to previously proposed methods for estimating object locations in missing slices in tomographic radiology.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
First Experimental Results with the Free Electron Laser Coupled to a Scanning Near-Field Optical Microscope (1998)

First experiments of coupling a free electron laser to a scanning near-field optical microscope (SNOM) are presented. To address the question of how important such spectroscopy can be for near-field infrared microscopy, we acquired images of the same region of the sample under investigation at several photon wavelengths. SNOM reflectivity images revealed features that were not present in the corresponding shear-force (topology) ones and which were due to localized changes in the bulk properties of the sample. Optical data in the infrared (near 3.5 μm), using the probe tips in collection mode, indicates an optical spatial resolution well below the classical limit of λ/2.
Specific distribution patterns of hCDC47 expression in cutaneous diseases (1998)

hCDC47 is a human member of the MCM family, which has been implicated to be concerned with the regulatory machinery causing DNA to replicate once per cell cycle. In a previous paper, we described hCDC47 expression as being localized in the proliferative component of normal tissues, and showed greater expression in squamous cell skin carcinomas than in seborrheic keratosis. In the present study, we compared its expression in another type of skin tumor and various non-neoplastic cutaneous proliferative diseases. Two patterns of distribution of hCDC47-positive cells were observed. Keratoacanthomas showed a peripheral pattern in which only the cells located the basal cell layers were positive. Psoriasis vulgaris also showed this peripheral type of location, with the cells in the suprabasal layers also occasionally expressing hCDC47. Verruca vulgaris demonstrated a diffuse pattern, with positive epithelial cells distributed throughout the layers. Basal cell carcinomas also showed a similar pattern. The keratoacanthomas showed the highest hCDC47 positive cell rate (43.1%), followed by verruca vulgaris (42.5%), psoriasis vulgaris (23.4%), and basal cell carcinoma (17.3%). Our results suggest participation of hCDC47 in these proliferative disorders involving keratinocytes.
Intrinsic electron and hole defects in stabilized zirconia single crystals (1990)

Intrinsic defects have been produced in yttria- and calcia-stabilized zirconia (YSZ or CaSZ) single crystals either by x irradiation at 300 and 77 K or by thermochemical reduction at 1370, 1670, and 1870 K. The spectroscopic properties of the defects have been studied by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), optical absorption, and photoemission techniques. Their thermal stability and bleaching characteristics have also been obtained. In the crystals irradiated at 77 K, an orthorhombic EPR signal with ${\mathit{g}}_{\mathit{x}}$=2.019\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.003, ${\mathit{g}}_{\mathit{y}}$=2.012\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.003, and ${\mathit{g}}_{\mathit{z}}$=2.004\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.002 and axes x?[110], y?[1\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}12], z?[11\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}1], and an absorption band at \ensuremath{\lambda}=465 nm have been assigned to a hole trapped at an oxygen adjacent to a ${\mathrm{Y}}^{3+}$ or ${\mathrm{Ca}}^{2+}$ ion. The trigonal EPR signal with ${\mathit{g}}_{\mathrm{?}}$=1.989 and ${\mathit{g}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\perp}}}$=1.852 and a band at \ensuremath{\lambda}=375 nm, which are produced by irradiation and reduction, are associated with electrons trapped at hexacoordinated ${\mathrm{Zr}}^{3+}$ ions, whereas the absorption band at about 480 nm appearing in the heavily reduced samples is tentatively assigned to electrons trapped at heptacoordinated ${\mathrm{Zr}}^{3+}$ ions. We propose an energy-level diagram for stabilized zirconia that explains the shift of the optical absorption edge, the intrinsic emission, and the bleaching characteristics of the defects.
Abstract P219: Changes in Dental Health and Coronary Heart Disease Risk: Two Prospective Cohort Studies in Men and Women (2018)

Introduction: Dental health problems such as tooth loss are related to inflammation and detrimental dietary changes, and may be linked to elevated risks of future heart disease. Most previous studies only investigated pre-existing tooth loss at baseline; hence, whether incident (more recent and later in life) tooth loss is associated with an increased risk of future coronary heart disease (CHD) remains unclear. Hypothesis: We prospectively investigated how recent tooth loss was associated with subsequent risk of CHD in middle-aged adults. Methods: This prospective study included women from the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) and men from the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (HPFS) who were initially free of CHD and cancer. Participants were asked about the number of natural teeth first in 1986 in the HPFS, and in 1992 in the NHS. On follow-up questionnaires, participants reported whether they had any recent tooth loss. We calculated cumulative tooth loss during an 8-year assessment period (1992-2000 in the NHS; 1986-1998 in the HPFS) among participants aged 45-69 y. Hazard ratios (HRs) for the incidence of CHD (fatal CHD or non-fatal MI) were examined across categories of the number of tooth loss (none, 1 loss, and 2 or more loss). Follow-up time was calculated after the assessment of tooth loss until the end of follow-up in 2012. We examined risks of CHD separately among individuals with 25-32 natural teeth at the initial examination (n=41939, among whom 1754 incident cases of CHD accrued during 540,744 person-years of follow-up), as well as among all eligible participants (n=60967, among whom 2440 incident cases of CHD accrued during 760,351 person-years of follow-up). Results: Among participants with 25-32 natural teeth at baseline, men and women who lost 2 or more teeth had a significantly increased risk of CHD (Pooled: HR 1.23; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.42) as compared to those with no tooth loss, after adjustment for hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, dietary habits (including the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) score, alcohol, multivitamin supplement use), lifestyle and demographic factors. The association was also independent of concurrent changes (during the same period of tooth loss assessment) in AHEI score, physical activity, body weight, and status of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes (pooled HR 1.22, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.41). When we examined the risk of CHD among all the eligible participants, greater loss of teeth (2 or more loss vs. no loss: pooled HR: 1.16; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.30) and having fewer natural teeth (less than 17 vs. 25-32 teeth: pooled HR: 1.25; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.46) were independently and significantly associated with increased risk of CHD. Conclusions: Our results suggest that among middle-aged adults, a higher number of teeth lost in the recent past may be associated with subsequent risk of CHD, independent of the baseline number of natural teeth and traditional risk factors.
Preparation of a trivalent antigen-binding construct using polyoxime chemistry: improved biodistribution and potential for therapeutic application. (1996)

In an attempt to improve the pharmacokinetic behavior of an antitumor radioimmunoconjugate, we have prepared a trivalent antigen-binding construct formed from three Fab' fragments derived from the parent murine monoclonal antibody (MAb) 35 directed against the carcinoembryonic antigen. The construct was generated by a novel approach using polyoxime chemistry. This approach leads to a homogeneous construct, as judged by SDS-PAGE and by mass spectrometry, which was found to retain full immunoreactivity. A comparison of the monovalent, divalent, and trivalent F(ab')n materials in vitro revealed the expected trend of increasing association constant with increasing valency. The in vivo biodistribution of the 125I-labeled trivalent construct was studied in xenograft-bearing nude mice. Absolute tumor accumulation seen with the trivalent construct (10.8% injected dose/g) was lower than that seen with the intact MAb35 (15.2% injected dose/g). This finding and the more rapid loss of activity from tumor are presumably the consequence of the quicker blood clearance of the trivalent material. However, the construct showed tumor:blood ratios up to 10-fold higher than those seen for the parent antibody, and ratios of tumor:normal tissue accumulation were generally greatly improved. These improvements were achieved despite only modest reduction in maximum tumor accumulation when compared to the parent MAb35, and this augurs well for an improved potential for this novel construct as an agent for radioimmunotherapy and radioimmunoscintigraphy.
The termiticidal activity of Sextonia rubra (Mez) van der Werff (Lauraceae) extract and its active constituent rubrynolide (2011)

Rubrynolide and S. rubra extract are promising candidates for the replacement of synthetic termiticides.
Improvement of endothelial function following initiation of testosterone replacement therapy (2016)

Men with symptomatic hypogonadism often have abnormal arterial endothelial function. Following TRT, endothelial function either remains unchanged or improves.
The Symmetric Rank One Formula and its Application in Discrete Nonlinear Optimization (1991)

The Symmetric Rank One (SR1) update formula is studied for its use in numerically accumulating second order derivative information for optimization. The unique advantage of the SR1 formula is that it does not require specific search directions for development of the Hessian matrix. This is an attractive feature for optimization applications where arbitrary search directions may be necessary. This paper explores the use of the SR1 formula within a procedure based on recursive quadratic programming (RQP) for solving a class of mixed discrete constrained nonlinear programming (MDCNP) problems. Theoretical considerations are presented along with numerical examples which illustrate the procedure and the utility of SR1.
Stoffwechselerkrankungen der Leber (2010)

Drug Prescribing for Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease in General Practice: a Cross-Sectional Study
Sterilisation effect study on granular hydroxyapatite (HA). (2004)

Hydroxyapatite is a calcium phosphate bioceramic that has been shown by many authors to be biocompatible with bioactive properties. It is widely accepted as the best synthetic material available for surgical use as a bone graft substitute. HA granules produced by AMREC-SIRIM from local materials underwent 5 types of sterilisation techniques with different ageing periods. Samples were tested for chemical and phase composition and microbial contamination before and after being sterilised. From the microbiological tests done, none of the unsterilised positive control yielded a positive culture. Results from X-Ray diffraction studies found that all the sterilisation techniques did not chemically degrade or structurally change the HA granules significantly.
Methylamines and Polyols in Kidney, Urinary Bladder, Urine, Liver, Brain, and Plasma (1989)

Methylamines and polyols are known to behave as organic osmolytes in the adaptation of many cells to hyperosmolar conditions. Using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to analyze perchloric acid extracts we have examined several tissues in the rat for the presence of these compounds. Methylamines such as glycerophosphorylcholine, choline and betaine were observed in the renal inner medulla, urinary bladder, urine, liver, brain, and plasma. Myoinositol was relatively abundant in the renal inner medulla and brain whereas sorbitol was detected only in the inner medulla. A variety of unidentified compounds was also detected in each tissue. Although these methylamines and polyols are known to respond to osmotic changes in the renal inner medulla, their responses in other tissues remain to be investigated.
Chemical Treatment of Low Quality Roughages (1972)

Alfalfa stems, corn cobs, whole corn plant and corn stalks were treated with sodium hydroxide or peroxides and fed to lambs in digestion and metabolism trials. The dry roughages were mixed with the chemicals and enough water to increase the moisture to 50%. The materials were fed after a 48-hr. reaction period or after ensiling. Four percent NaOH treatment increased the dry matter digestibility of alfalfa stems by 6.8 percentage units. Corn cob dry matter digestibility increased by 11.2 percentage units due to 4% NaOH treatment. In vitro DMD of whole corn plant increased 9.7 percentage units but in vivo organic matter digestibility increased by only 2.5 percentage units. In vitro DMD of corn stalks increased 12.8 and 19.5 percentage units, respectively, with 3 and 5% NaOH treatment. In vivo organic matter digestibility of corn stalks increased 10.1 and 11.2 percentage units, respectively, for 3 and 5% NaOH treatment when fed supplemented only with urea, minerals and vitamins. The five percent NaOH treated stalks showed a 20.5 percentage unit increase in organic matter digestibility compared to untreated stalks when both were fed in combination with ground alfalfa stems. These results indicate that poor quality roughages can be treated with 3 to 5% NaOH, the moist mixture after ensiling is consumed readily by lambs without further treatment, and that the dry matter digestibility is increased by sufficient magnitude to potentially improve animal performance.
Comparing Model Comparison Methods (2013)

Comparison of the ability of different computational cognitive models to simulate empirical data should ideally take into account the complexity of the compared models.Although several comparison methods are available that are meant to achieve this, little information on the differential strengths and weaknesses of these methods is available.In this contribution we present the results of a systematic comparison of 5 model comparison methods.Employing model recovery simulations, the methods are examined with respect to their ability to identify the model that actually generated the data across 3 pairs of models and a number of comparison situations.The simulations reveal several interesting aspects of the considered methods such as, for instance, the fact that in certain situations methods perform worse than model comparison neglecting model complexity.Based on the identified method characteristics, we derive a preliminary recommendation on when to use which of the 5 methods.