gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
AII Amacrine Cells Express L-Type Calcium Channels at Their Output Synapses (2003)

AII amacrine cells play a critical role in the high-fidelity signal transmission pathways involved with nighttime vision. The temporal properties of the light responses strongly depend on the transfer function at different synaptic stages and consequently on presynaptic calcium influx. AII light responses are complex waveforms generated by graded input, they comprise Na+-based spikes as well as a sustained component, and they are transferred to graded cone bipolar cells. It is, therefore, of interest to determine the properties of AII voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCCs) to establish whether these cells express N-type and/or P/Q-type VDCCs, characteristic of spiking neurons, or whether they are more like graded neurons, which mostly use L-type VDCCs. We combined electrophysiological, molecular biological, and imaging techniques to characterize calcium currents and their sites of origin in mouse AII amacrine cells. Calcium currents activated at potentials more positive than -60 mV (maximally between -50 and -20 mV) and inactivated slowly. These currents were blocked by dihydropyridine (DHP) antagonists and were enhanced by the DHP agonist BayK 8644. Single-cell RT-PCR analysis of mRNA encoding for different calcium channel alpha subunits in AIIs revealed a consistent expression of the alpha1-D subunit. Calcium imaging of AII cells showed that the greatest change in intracellular calcium occurred in the lobular appendages, with minor changes being observed in the arboreal dendrites. Depolarization-induced calcium rises were also modulated by DHPs, suggesting that a particular kind of L-type VDCC, mainly localized to the lobular appendages, enables these spiking-capable neurons to release neurotransmitter in a sustained manner onto OFF-cone bipolar cells.
Comparative Studies of the Quantification of Genetically Modified Organisms in Foods Processed from Maize and Soy Using Trial Producing (2005)

Seven types of processed foods, namely, cornstarch, cornmeal, corn puffs, corn chips, tofu, soy milk, and boiled beans, were trial produced from 1 and 5% (w/w) genetically modified (GM) mixed raw materials. In this report, insect resistant maize (MON810) and herbicide tolerant soy (Roundup Ready soy, 40-3-2) were used as representatives of GM maize and soy, respectively. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was extracted from the raw materials and the trial-produced processed food using two types of methods, i.e., the silica membrane method and the anion exchange method. The GM% values of these samples were quantified, and the significant differences between the raw materials and the trial-produced processed foods were statistically confirmed. There were some significant differences in the comparisons of all processed foods. However, our quantitative methods could be applied as a screening assay to tofu and soy milk because the differences in GM% between the trial-produced processed foods and their raw materials were lower than 13 and 23%, respectively. In addition, when quantitating with two primer pairs (SSIIb 3, 114 bp; SSIIb 4, 83 bp for maize and Le1n02, 118 bp; Le1n03, 89 bp for soy), which were targeted within the same taxon specific DNA sequence with different amplicon sizes, the ratios of the copy numbers of the two primer pairs (SSIIb 3/4 and Le1n02/03) decreased with time in a heat-treated processing model using an autoclave. In this report, we suggest that the degradation level of DNA in processed foods could be estimated from these ratios, and the probability of GM quantification could be experimentally predicted from the results of the trial producing. Keywords: Zea mays; Glycine max; genetically modified organism; processed food; cornstarch; cornmeal; corn puffs; corn chips; tofu; soy milk; boiled beans; quantitative analysis
Mn(III) complexes with tridentate N,N,O-ligands as catalysts for the epoxidation of alkenes (2013)

Mn(III) complexes with tridentate Schiff bases have been prepared and applied as catalyst precursors in epoxidation of alkenes using iodosobenzene as an oxidant providing high conversions and high selectivities when cyclohexene derivatives were studied.
Catheter segmentation in three-dimensional ultrasound images by feature fusion and model fitting (2019)

Ultrasound (US) has been increasingly used during interventions, such as cardiac catheterization. To accurately identify the catheter inside US images, extra training for physicians and sonographers is needed. As a consequence, automated segmentation of the catheter in US images and optimized presentation viewing to the physician can be beneficial to accelerate the efficiency and safety of interventions and improve their outcome. For cardiac catheterization, a three-dimensional (3-D) US image is potentially attractive because of no radiation modality and richer spatial information. However, due to a limited spatial resolution of 3-D cardiac US and complex anatomical structures inside the heart, image-based catheter segmentation is challenging. We propose a cardiac catheter segmentation method in 3-D US data through image processing techniques. Our method first applies a voxel-based classification through newly designed multiscale and multidefinition features, which provide a robust catheter voxel segmentation in 3-D US. Second, a modified catheter model fitting is applied to segment the curved catheter in 3-D US images. The proposed method is validated with extensive experiments, using different <i>in-vitro</i>, <i>ex-vivo</i>, and <i>in-vivo</i> datasets. The proposed method can segment the catheter within an average tip-point error that is smaller than the catheter diameter (1.9 mm) in the volumetric images. Based on automated catheter segmentation and combined with optimal viewing, physicians do not have to interpret US images and can focus on the procedure itself to improve the quality of cardiac intervention.
Android Malware Detection Scheme Based on Level of SSL Server Certificate (2020)

Detecting Android malwares is imperative. As a promising Android malware detection scheme, we focus on the scheme leveraging the differences of traffic patterns between benign apps and malwares. Those differences can be captured even if the packet is encrypted. However, since such features are just statistic based ones, they cannot identify whether each traffic is malicious. Thus, it is necessary to design the scheme which is applicable to encrypted traffic data and supports identification of malicious traffic. In this paper, we propose an Android malware detection scheme based on level of SSL server certificate. Attackers tend to use an untrusted certificate to encrypt malicious payloads in many cases because passing rigorous examination is required to get a trusted certificate. Thus, we utilize SSL server certificate based features for detection since their certificates tend to be untrusted. Furthermore, in order to obtain the more exact features, we introduce required permission based weight values because malwares inevitably require permissions regarding malicious actions. By computer simulation with real dataset, we show our scheme achieves an accuracy of 92.7%. True positive rate and false positive rate are 5.6% higher and 3.2% lower than the previous scheme, respectively. Our scheme can cope with encrypted malicious payloads and 89 malwares which are not detected by the previous scheme.
Layered Structures Favor Superconductivity in Compressed Solid SiH$_{4}$ (2008)

The electronic and lattice dynamical properties of compressed solid SiH$_{4}$ have been calculated in the pressure range up to 300 GPa with density functional theory. We find that structures having a layered network with eight-fold SiH$_{8}$ coordination favor metallization and superconductivity. SiH$_{4}$ in these layered structures is predicted to have superconducting transition temperatures ranging from 20 to 80 K, thus presenting new possibilities for exploring high temperature superconductivity in this hydrogen-rich system.
HDAC7 Regulates Apoptosis in Developing Thymocytes (2004)

Central immune tolerance is established in the thymus for T cells via a complex selection process that involves interactions between CD4+CD8+ double-positive thymocytes and antigen-presenting cells. Cells that express antigen receptors interacting strongly with self peptide MHC complexes are deleted from the repertoire via activation-induced apoptosis, a process termed negative selection. Cells that express an appropriate signal are positively selected and mature into single positive naïve T cells, either CD4 or CD8 positive. The balance between positive and negative selection is thought to play a critical role in the elimination of self-reactive clones and in the establishment of central immune tolerance. We have recently reported that HDAC7, a class II histone deacetylase, is highly expressed in CD4+CD8+ double positive thymocytes. HDAC7 inhibits Nur77 expression, an orphan receptor involved in antigen-induced cell death and in negative selection. The inhibitory effect of HDAC7 on the Nur77 promoter is mediated via the transcription factor MEF2D. During T cell receptor activation, HDAC7 is exported from the nucleus leading to the derepression of Nur77 expression and the induction of apoptosis. These observations define HDAC7 as a regulator of Nur77 and apoptosis in developing thymocytes and indicate that HDAC7 is likely to play an important role in the control of central immune tolerance.
X-ray Nano- and Micro-tomography in an SEM (2013)

X-ray microfocus computer tomography (μ-CT) is a non-destructive experimental technique that reveals the 3D internal microstructure of the sample under study. The experimental set-up consists of an X-ray source, an X-ray detector, and set in between is a sample that is placed on a rotation stage. With this set-up multiple X-ray projection images can be obtained from the sample at different angles. In between the acquisition of two successive images, the sample is rotated over a small angle, typically between 0.2° and 1°. This set of projection images is then used as input for the reconstruction algorithm, which calculates a reconstruction of the internal microstructure of the sample with (sub-) micrometer sensitivity.
Total Synthesis of Natural (+)‐(2′S,3′R)‐Zoapatanol. (2004)

(+)-Zoapatanol was synthesized by using four key-steps: a Suzuki cross-coupling to prepare a (&lt;i&gt;Z&lt;/i&gt;)-α,β-unsaturated ester followed by an\nenantioselective dihydroxylation to control the C2‘ and C3‘ stereocenters, an intramolecular Horner−Wadsworth−Emmons olefination to construct\nthe oxepane ring, and a chemoselective nucleophilic addition/Birch reduction process of a Weinreb amide to introduce simultaneously the\nβ,γ-unsaturated ketone on the side-chain and regenerate alcohols from benzyl ethers.
P3–308: Functional brain network organization in Alzheimer's disease (2013)

The brain is a complex system with a complex functional network organization. A single function is thought to arise from many specialized areas which are integrated. Methods from complexity studies and network theory have been developed to investigate complex systems. These methods are increasingly applied in neuroscience, and by using functional brain investigations, such as electroencephalography (EEG), magnetoencephalography (MEG), and functional MRI (fMRI), complex brain function can be studied in humans in vivo. Here, we want to give a short introduction on functional network analysis, and present the results of functional network studies in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its utility in studying intervention effects. By establishing the amount of similarity between the time series of EEG, MEG, or fMRI, an adjacency matrix is calculated. This matrix contains connectivity values for each time series pair and can also be presented as a network on the anatomical underlying structure. From the matrix, network properties are computed, such as global network efficiency and local network connectivity. These measures can then be compared between groups. Here we report (1) differences in functional brain network organization between patients with AD and controls and (2) network effects of an intervention with Souvenaid®, a medical food containing the nutrient combination Fortasyn® Connect, that aims at enhancing synaptic formation and function in AD. Whereas the functional brain networks of healthy subjects had a small-world structure, known to be optimal for several processes such as propagational speed and computational power, the AD networks were less optimal and more disorganized. The findings from the clinical study with Souvenaid indicated that the networks of the control group showed increasing disorganization during the 24-week intervention, whereas the networks of the Souvenaid group preserved their functional organization. The advanced analysis technique of functional brain network analysis can be used to get more insight into AD and to evaluate intervention effects in a clinical study. C omplex brain function studies have revealed higher order organizational properties in healthy subjects which are compromised in AD. Intervention with Souvenaid has been found to affect this higher order level as well.
Pin Assignment Optimization for Large-Scale High-Pin-Count BGA Packages Using Genetic Algorithm (2015)

In this paper, a power/ground (P/G) pin optimization method using genetic algorithm (GA) is proposed for large-scale high-pin-count ball grid array (BGA) packages. Two objective functions are derived for signal integrity and power integrity, respectively. A general optimization flow is presented, where the basic concepts of GA optimization are introduced and some important considerations for package design are demonstrated. A customized GA flow and two accelerating strategies are developed to improve the efficiency of the optimization procedure. Using GA optimization, the P/G pin assignment of a 40 × 40 BGA package with blocks of core, inputs/outputs and differential pairs can be generated in a few tens of minutes automatically.
Impact of BRCA1 gene alterations on tumor characteristics and clinical outcome in ovarian cancer (OC) patients. (2010)

5019 Background: Patients (pts) with BRCA1-associated OC appear to have a survival advantage over those with sporadic OC. It is unclear if this is due to a greater platinum sensitivity or due to a better surgical outcome. In order to examine this issue, we investigated a cohort of OC pts for BRCA1 mutations and correlated the data on the BRCA1-mutation status with the classical clinical prognostic factors and also analysed the impact of BRCA1 mutations on disease-free (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Methods: 298 pts with primary OC, who were treated at Charité University Hospital, Berlin between 09/2000 and 10/2008 were included. Blood samples from each patient were obtained intraoperatively according to a standard operating procedure within the systematic Tumor bank Ovarian Cancer (www.toc-network.de). Direct sequencing of Exon 11 of the BRCA1 gene was used as method for mutation detection. Staging, treatment and follow-up information was obtained by record review. Impact on time to progression/death was determined by Kaplan-Meier analysis and a Cox proportional-hazards model. Results: Thirty one mutations: 20 with previously reported clinical importance and 11 with unknown clinical importance were found. The majority of the pts were heterozygous or homozygous carriers of 6 polymorphisms in Exon11 (D693N, 2201C/T, 2430T/C, P871L, E1038G, K183R), which are in complete or pairwise linkage disequilibrium. Our study showed a significant association between BRCA1 positive status and grading (p = 0.021) and histology type (p = 0.008). BRCA1-positive tumours were more likely to be serous and low differentiated. Pts, who were carriers of polymorphisms, had significantly worse overall survival in comparison to the non- carriers. On multivariate analyse OS independently correlated with presence of polymorphisms, advanced FIGO stage, ascites amount greater 500 mL, tumor residue and platinum response. The presence of a mutation in Exon 11 was not a prognostic factor for DFS and OS. Conclusions: In this cohort, we demonstrated that in addition to the highly penetrant BRCA1 mutations some alterations in BRCA1 gene such as different polymorphisms may contribute to the ovarian cancer risk and predict disease outcome. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
The APIC approach to high performance network interface design: protected DMA and other techniques (2002)

We are building a high performance 1.2 Gb/s ATM network interface chip called the APIC (ATM Port Interconnect Controller). In addition to borrowing useful ideas from a number of research and commercial prototypes, the APIC design embraces several innovative features, and integrates all of these pieces into a coherent whole. Some of the novel ideas incorporated in the APIC design include: protected DMA and protected I/O, which allow applications to queue data for transmission or reception directly from user-space, effectively bypassing the kernel. This argues for moving the entire protocol stack including the interface device driver into the user-space, thereby yielding better latency and throughput performance than kernel-resident implementations. Pool DMA when used with packet splitting, is a technique that can be used to build true zero-copy kernel-resident protocol stack implementations, using a page-remapping technique. Finally, orchestrated interrupts and interrupt demultiplexing are mechanisms used to reduce the frequency of interrupts issued by the APIC. Although many of these ideas have been developed in the context of an ATM network interface, we believe they are also applicable in other contexts. In particular, protected DMA and I/O are promising techniques for improving the performance of several different types of I/O devices.
Discovery of Approaches by Various Machine learning Ensemble Model and Features Selection Method in Critical Heart Disease Diagnosis (2022)

International Research Journal on Advanced Science Hub (IRJASH) (eISSN 2582-4376) is an open access journal that was launched by RSP Science Hub in 2019. It aims to publish high quality peer reviewed articles to disseminate the progress in the field of science and technology therby bridging the gap between researchers, Academicians and industrial expert to remain up-to-date with the latest developments. Upon acceptance all the articles are free to read and download.
Development of Noise and Vibration Simulator under Actual Running Condition for Vehicle Loaded Equipment (2003)

This paper describes a development of simulator for noise and vibration of vehicle installed equipment under actual running condition. A compensation coefficient is proposed to convert multi axes simulation signal to single axis and confirmed by using single axis exciter with sinusoidal single instead of different frequencies in three axes. Moreover a signal of actual running vehicle is validated by numerical and experimental model correctly.
Signal Recovery and Computational Sensing and Imaging: introduction to the feature issue (2010)

The fall 2009 conference of the Optical Society of America was held in San Jose, California, 11-15 October. The collocation of topical meetings on Computational Optical Sensing and Imaging (COSI), and Signal Recovery and Synthesis (SRS) with the Frontiers in Optics (FiO) Annual Meeting brought together a diverse group of scientists and engineers sharing a common interest in the processing of information carried by optical fields. The papers featured in this issue highlight several important trends.
Inherited Variation at MC1R and Histological Characteristics of Primary Melanoma (2015)

Variation in the melanocortin-1receptor (MC1R) gene is associated with pigmentary phenotypes and risk of malignant melanoma. Few studies have reported on MC1R variation with respect to tumor characteristics, especially clinically important prognostic features. We examined associations between MC1R variants and histopathological melanoma characteristics. Study participants were enrolled from nine geographic regions in Australia, Canada, Italy and the United States and were genotyped for MC1R variants classified as high-risk [R] (D84E, R142H, R151C, R160W, and D294H, all nonsense and insertion/deletion) or low-risk [r] (all other nonsynonymous) variants. Tissue was available for 2,160 white participants of the Genes, Environment and Melanoma (GEM) Study with a first incident primary melanoma diagnosis, and underwent centralized pathologic review. No statistically significant associations were observed between MC1R variants and AJCC established prognostic tumor characteristics: Breslow thickness, presence of mitoses or presence of ulceration. However, MC1R was significantly associated with anatomic site of melanoma (p = 0.002) and a positive association was observed between carriage of more than one [R] variant and melanomas arising on the arms (OR = 2.39; 95% CI: 1.40, 4.09). We also observed statistically significant differences between sun-sensitive and sun-resistant individuals with respect to associations between MC1R genotype and AJCC prognostic tumor characteristics. Our results suggest inherited variation in MC1R may play an influential role in anatomic site presentation of melanomas and may differ with respect to skin pigmentation phenotype.
Cerebrospinal fluid and saliva lactoferrin as a diagnostic biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease in a mixed memory clinic population (2021)

Abstract Background The pathological changes in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative disorders begin decades prior to their clinical expression. However, the clinical diagnosis of neurodegenerative dementias is not straightforward. Saliva is an easily obtained source of biomarkers, and previous studies have shown that biomarkers such as amyloid 1‐42 (Ab 42 ), tau, lactoferrin and selected metabolites could be potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of AD and other neurodegenerative dementias. Lactoferrin is an iron‐binding, antimicrobial glycoprotein with a plethora of functions, including acting as an important immune modulator and by having a bacteriocidic effect, all factors which have been shown to be involved in the development and progression of AD. Two previous studies indicated that salivary lactoferrin could differentiate between neurodegenerative dementias. For the first time, lactoferrin levels were measured in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in a consecutive cohort of patients from two memory clinics, and furthermore salivary lactoferrin was evaluated for its differentiation between AD and other neurodegenerative dementias. Method From two mixed, memory clinic cohorts, 222 CSF and saliva samples from 71 patients diagnosed with AD, 56 patients diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 75 patients diagnosed with non‐AD dementia and 20 subjects classified as healthy controls (HC), were analysed for lactoferrin. In addition, the association between lactoferrin in CSF and saliva and the concentrations of tau, phosphorylated tau (p‐tau) and amyloid 1‐42 (Ab 42 ) in CSF were addressed. Result There was no correlation between CSF and saliva lactoferrin. Furthermore, no statistically significant differences were found in the levels of CSF or saliva lactoferrin between the diagnostic groups. In addition, no significant relationships were found between lactoferrin levels and tau, p‐tau and Ab 42 , respectively. Conclusion For the first time, CSF lactoferrin levels were assessed in mixed memory clinic cohorts. Although lactoferrin levels were quantifiable in CSF and saliva, neither CSF nor saliva lactoferrin could differentiate between neurodegenerative dementias in this study.