gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ric-8A and Giα Recruit LGN, NuMA, and Dynein to the Cell Cortex To Help Orient the Mitotic Spindle (2010)

In model organisms, resistance to inhibitors of cholinesterase 8 (Ric-8), a G protein alpha (G alpha) subunit guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), functions to orient mitotic spindles during asymmetric cell divisions; however, whether Ric-8A has any role in mammalian cell division is unknown. We show here that Ric-8A and G alpha(i) function to orient the metaphase mitotic spindle of mammalian adherent cells. During mitosis, Ric-8A localized at the cell cortex, spindle poles, centromeres, central spindle, and midbody. Pertussis toxin proved to be a useful tool in these studies since it blocked the binding of Ric-8A to G alpha(i), thus preventing its GEF activity for G alpha(i). Linking Ric-8A signaling to mammalian cell division, treatment of cells with pertussis toxin, reduction of Ric-8A expression, or decreased G alpha(i) expression similarly affected metaphase cells. Each treatment impaired the localization of LGN (GSPM2), NuMA (microtubule binding nuclear mitotic apparatus protein), and dynein at the metaphase cell cortex and disturbed integrin-dependent mitotic spindle orientation. Live cell imaging of HeLa cells expressing green fluorescent protein-tubulin also revealed that reduced Ric-8A expression prolonged mitosis, caused occasional mitotic arrest, and decreased mitotic spindle movements. These data indicate that Ric-8A signaling leads to assembly of a cortical signaling complex that functions to orient the mitotic spindle.
Regularization Of The Inverse Epicardial Solution Using Linearly Constrained Optimization (2005)

A modification of the Tikhonov regularization method is proposed for a stable recovery of the solution to the Inverse Problem of Electrocardiography. It consists of optimization of the Tikhonov functional subject to additional constraints on the amplitudes derived from an overregularized Tikhonov solution. This optimization method, tested on a concentric spheres model, yields solutions that are more accurate than an optimal Tikhonov solution.
Approaches to pseudopeptidic ergopeptines. Part 2. Consequences of the incorporation of an α-azaproline residue into the oxacyclolic system (1994)

As part of a programme to synthesize pseudopeptidic ergopeptines, the introduction of an α-azaproline residue in place of native proline into an ergotamine-like oxacyclolic system has been investigated. Starting material N-[(R)-2- benzyloxypropionyl]cyclo(-Phe-azaPro-)10 was prepared following two alternative synthetic routes and was subjected to reductive O-debenzylation. N,O-Acyl transfer on the resulting N-[(R)-2-hydroxypropionyl]cyclo(Phe-azaPro-)14 leads, through a new type of four- heteroatom tetrahedral adduct, to (5R)-5-methyl-3-{(1S)-2-phenyl-1-[(pyrazolidin-1-yl)carbonyl]ethyl}oxazolidine-2,4-dione 16, as a unique isolable tautomer. Structural and conformational details of compound 14, as revealed by X-ray analysis, are reported and compared with those of previously studied related models.
Measurement of Wheelchair Position for Analyzing Transfer Motion for SCI Patient (2007)

The purpose of this study is to clarify the side-approach transfer ability of spinal cord injury (SCI) patients. We have proposed the measurement system that consists of four force plates and two CCD cameras in order to analyze the transfer motion. The system measures the three-dimensional floor reaction forces and the side-view and the front-view images during each patient's transfer motion. We understood that the force patterns and the force direction of the left hand are different among SCI patients by analyzing the floor reaction forces. In side-approach transfer, SCI patients diagonally move their wheelchair close to the platform and the wheelchair position is different among SCI patients. In this study, we estimate the wheelchair position by detecting the center position of the wheelchair wheel using the images and by calculating the wheelchair degree (gap angle between the wheelchair and the platform) using side-view image.
Validation of Statistical Sampling Algorithms in Visual Sample Plan (VSP): Summary Report (2009)

The U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Office of Technology Development (OTD) contracted with a set of U.S. Department of Energy national laboratories, including the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), to write a Remediation Guidance for Major Airports After a Chemical Attack. The report identifies key activities and issues that should be considered by a typical major airport following an incident involving release of a toxic chemical agent. Four experimental tasks were identified that would require further research in order to supplement the Remediation Guidance. One of the tasks, Task 4, OTD Chemical Remediation Statistical Sampling Design Validation, dealt with statistical sampling algorithm validation. This report documents the results of the sampling design validation conducted for Task 4. In 2005, the Government Accountability Office (GAO) performed a review of the past U.S. responses to Anthrax terrorist cases. Part of the motivation for this PNNL report was a major GAO finding that there was a lack of validated sampling strategies in the U.S. response to Anthrax cases. The report (GAO 2005) recommended that probability-based methods be used for sampling design in order to address confidence in the results, particularly when all sample results showed no remaining contamination. The GAO also expressed a desire that the methods be validated, which is the main purpose of this PNNL report. The objective of this study was to validate probability-based statistical sampling designs and the algorithms pertinent to within-building sampling that allow the user to prescribe or evaluate confidence levels of conclusions based on data collected as guided by the statistical sampling designs. Specifically, the designs found in the Visual Sample Plan (VSP) software were evaluated. VSP was used to calculate the number of samples and the sample location for a variety of sampling plans applied to an actual release site. Most of the sampling designs validated are probability based, meaning samples are located randomly (or on a randomly placed grid) so no bias enters into the placement of samples, and the number of samples is calculated such that IF the amount and spatial extent of contamination exceeds levels of concern, at least one of the samples would be taken from a contaminated area, at least X% of the time. Hence, "validation" of the statistical sampling algorithms is defined herein to mean ensuring that the "X%" (confidence) is actually met.
Wireless Secrecy in Cellular Systems With Infrastructure-Aided Cooperation (2009)

In cellular systems, confidentiality of uplink transmission with respect to eavesdropping terminals can be ensured by creating intentional interference via scheduling of concurrent downlink transmissions. In this paper, this basic idea is explored from an information-theoretic standpoint by focusing on a two-cell scenario where the involved base stations (BSs) are connected via a finite-capacity backbone link. A number of transmission strategies are considered that aim at improving uplink confidentiality under constraints on the downlink rate that acts as an interfering signal. The strategies differ mainly in the way the backbone link is exploited by the cooperating downlink to the uplink-operated BSs. Achievable rates are derived for both the Gaussian (unfaded) and the fading cases, under different assumptions on the channel state information available at different nodes. Numerical results are also provided to corroborate the analysis. Extensions to scenarios with more than two cells are briefly discussed as well. Overall, the analysis reveals that a combination of scheduling and base-station cooperation is a promising means to improve transmission confidentiality in cellular systems.
Tryptic digestion as a probe of myosin S-1 conformation. (1982)

One of the products of the limited tryptic hydrolysis of chymotryptic myosin subfragment 1 is the 27,000-dalton NH2-terminal fragment. This fragment is generated by two parallel routes from either the 75,000- or 95,000-dalton peptide of the heavy chain: (i) through a 20,500-dalton precursor or (ii) directly without participation of a precursor. Lowering of pH and temperature and increasing of ionic strength inhibited route i digestion in comparison to route ii. MgATP and its derivatives in millimolar concentration substantially suppressed route i digestion. Suppression of route i digestion depended on the concentration of MgATP. It occurred after a lag phase when the ratio of MgATP to subfragment 1 concentrations was greater than 0.5. In contrast, the MgATP-induced increase in tryptophan fluorescence of myosin subfragment 1 appeared without a lag phase. The generation of the 27,000-dalton fragment by either route was not affected by F-actin however, the suppression of route i digestion induced by MgADP was abolished when myosin subfragment 1 was in ternary complex with actin and MgADP. We conclude that the 27,000/50,000-dalton hinge region is a flexible domain of the myosin head and that conformation of this region is sensitive to the presence of nucleotides and actin and to variations in ambient factors.
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTROORGANIC CHEMISTRY. 51. ELECTROREDUCTIVE SYNTHESIS OF 1‐(BROMOBENZYL)ISOQUINOLINE DERIVATIVES AND ITS APPLICATION TO CULARINE SYNTHESIS (1981)

Abstract Die Immoniumsalze (I) werden elektrochemisch zu den Anionen (II) reduziert, die durch Benzylbromide (III) in Form der 1‐Benzyl‐Derivate (IV) abgefangen werden können.
The Structural and Functional Basis for Recurring Sulfa Drug Resistance Mutations in Staphylococcus aureus Dihydropteroate Synthase (2018)

Staphylococcal species are a leading cause of bacterial drug-resistant infections and associated mortality. One strategy to combat bacterial drug resistance is to revisit compromised targets, and to circumvent resistance mechanisms using structure-assisted drug discovery. The folate pathway is an ideal candidate for this approach. Antifolates target an essential metabolic pathway, and the necessary detailed structural information is now available for most enzymes in this pathway. Dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) is the target of the sulfonamide class of drugs, and its well characterized mechanism facilitates detailed analyses of how drug resistance has evolved. Here, we surveyed clinical genetic sequencing data in S. aureus to distinguish natural amino acid variations in DHPS from those that are associated with sulfonamide resistance. Five mutations were identified, F17L, S18L, T51M, E208K and KE257_dup. Their contribution to resistance and their cost to the catalytic properties of DHPS were evaluated using a combination of biochemical, biophysical and microbiological susceptibility studies. These studies show that F17L, S18L and T51M directly lead to sulfonamide resistance while unexpectedly increasing susceptibility to trimethoprim, which targets the downstream enzyme dihydrofolate reductase. The secondary mutations E208K and KE257_dup restore trimethoprim susceptibility closer to wild-type levels while further increasing sulfonamide resistance. Structural studies reveal that these mutations appear to selectively disfavor the binding of the sulfonamides by sterically blocking an outer ring moiety that is not present in the substrate. This emphasizes that new inhibitors must be designed that strictly stay within the substrate volume in the context of the transition state.
Nickel-Catalyzed Efficient and Practical Suzuki−Miyaura Coupling of Alkenyl and Aryl Carbamates with Aryl Boroxines (2010)

Suzuki-Miyaura coupling of unactivated alkenyl carbamates is described to construct polysubstituted olefins. The developed process is also suitable for heteroaromatic and even electron-rich aromatic carbamates.
Experimental Verification of Z Antennas at UHF Frequencies (2009)

Both 300- and 570-MHz versions of an electrically small, coaxially fed Z antenna were designed and tested. These two cases demonstrate the ability to change the resonance frequency of the Z antenna by changing the value of its lumped element inductor. The numerically predicted and measured results are in good agreement.
A WEB-BASED TEACHING TOOL FOR MULTI-STEP SYNTHESIS IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY: STUDENT PERSPECTIVES AND MOTIVATIONS (2016)

A WEB-BASED TEACHING TOOL FOR MULTI-STEP SYNTHESIS IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY: STUDENT PERSPECTIVES AND MOTIVATIONS
Computer assisted LISS plate placement: anin vitrostudy (2009)

A laboratory study was conducted to compare the accuracy with which a LISS plate could be placed on the distal metaphysis of a model femur using both a fluoroscopy-based computer assisted technique and the conventional fluoroscopic technique. A significant difference was found between outcomes with the two approaches with respect to the maximum distance from the plate to the diaphysis of the bone, but there was no significant difference in the maximum distance to the condylar area. There was also no difference with respect to the number of holes that required re-drilling for adjustment of the plate placement or screws with poor purchase in bone. There were, however, significant differences between the two techniques in terms of duration of the procedure and radiation exposure.
Use of Polynomial Approximation in the Electrochemical Frequency Modulation Technique for Determination of Corrosion Rates in Activation-Controlled Systems (2022)

The electrochemical frequency modulation (EFM) is a promising nondestructive technique that uses a small biharmonic disturbance signal along with the discrete Fourier transform to calculate the corrosion current and Tafel slopes from a set of equations that rely on harmonic components. Significant results have been published mainly on systems exhibiting Tafel behavior. This work presents the use of polynomial approximation as a data analysis alternative for the EFM technique, which has three main advantages over the procedure proposed by the authors of the EFM technique: (a) reduction of the estimation error caused by the capacitance effect, (b) reduction of the estimation error caused by high harmonic components, and (c) the reduction of computational complexity. This analysis was tested experimentally using a traditional three-electrode cell with a carbon steel working electrode and a sodium chloride solution as the electrolyte. Finally, the results were compared to linear polarization tests and weight loss measurements, where a good agreement was found between the proposed analysis and the other techniques.
Tilorone and Cridanimod Protect Mice and Show Antiviral Activity in Rats despite Absence of the Interferon-Inducing Effect in Rats (2022)

The synthetic compounds, Tilorone and Cridanimod, have the antiviral activity which initially had been ascribed to the capacity to induce interferon. Both drugs induce interferon in mice but not in humans. This study investigates whether these compounds have the antiviral activity in mice and rats since rats more closely resemble the human response. Viral-infection models were created in CD-1 mice and Wistar rats. Three strains of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus were tested for the performance in these models. One virus strain is the molecularly cloned attenuated vaccine. The second strain has major virulence determinants converted to the wild-type state which are present in virulent strains. The third virus has wild-type virulence determinants, and in addition, is engineered to express green fluorescent protein. Experimentally infected animals received Tilorone or Cridanimod, and their treatment was equivalent to the pharmacopoeia-recomended human treatment regimen. Tilorone and Cridanimod show the antiviral activity in mice and rats and protect the mice from death. In rats, both drugs diminish the viremia. These drugs do not induce interferon-alpha or interferon-beta in rats. The presented observations allow postulating the existence of an interferon-independent and species-independent mechanism of action.
[Expression of telomere and telomerase in human primary gastric carcinoma]. (1998)

Abnormal TRF status and telomerase reactivation may correlate well with malignant progression of gastric cancer. Telomerase activity and TRF lengths may thus serve as an important additional marker for tumor diagnosis.
Human-Elaboration-Object-Construal Contingency Framework for Mobile Decision-Aids (MoDAÂ©) in In-Store Shopping (2016)

Mobile migration is under way with online retail shifting to mobile and in-store shoppers increasingly using their smart phones for decision-making. However, the use of mobile devices to acquire product information in-store often results in information overload and decision abandonment, leading to a retailer's lost opportunity for in-store conversion. Hence, there is a critical need to enhance consumers' abilities to make decisions in-stores, when they lack information, time and cognitive resources. To address this need, we propose a conceptual framework for designing conversational, mobile decision-aids (MoDA), mobile-app based intelligent systems, for in-store shopping, grounded in principles of user- and object-adaptive, intelligent information retrieval and decision strategy.
(Invited) Carbon Nanotubes As an Effective and Stable p-Type Contact for Perovskite Solar Cells (2020)

The enormous strides researchers have made in advancing perovskite-based photovoltaics in the past few years are fueling the dream of a rapid entry of this highly promising technology into the global energy market. This seems like serendipitous timing since solar power has gained an enormous momentum over the past decade exceeding all projections. This expansion in solar power is driven by an increasing understanding that climate change requires immediate action, in particular with regards to power generation; and simultaneously, the price for photovoltaic modules has remarkably quickly fallen to make solar power generation competitive vis-à-vis conventional technologies. Compositional tuning of the perovskite absorber has led to immense improvements in stability and efficiency of perovskite solar cells leading to a certified efficiency of over 25% for a single-junction laboratory device. The successful transition of a photovoltaic technology from the lab into the field requires, however, two additional important parameters aside from efficiency which are essential for real-world deployment: stability and scalability. We propose using single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) as an alternative p-type layer for future application in perovskite solar cells. Carbon nanotubes combine several highly attractive characteristics such as chemical inertness and mechanical resilience with intrinsically high charge-carrier mobilities endowing them with a unique potential for a much more stable dopant-free charge-selective contact. Furthermore, the SWCNT deposition techniques for large-scale use, such as spray coating, are already well-established opening clear avenues for direct implementation in a real-world industrial setting. We demonstrate that a cascade-like transfer extraction through SWCNTs can minimize photovoltage losses by suppressing non-radiative recombination. By further improving the absorber quality, the voltage losses in solar cells can be reduced to around 340 mV which is comparable to conventional III-V semiconductor-based photovoltaics. By further enhancing the selective charge extraction at the perovskite-SWCNT interface through interfacial charge transfer doping, we achieve steady-state efficiencies approaching 22% for alloyed narrow bandgap perovskites, illustrating the versatility and excellent performance of SWCNTs as contact material.
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy (1991)

Three hundred seventy-five consecutive patients underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy from September 1989 to January 1991. Three hundred forty-one (91%) presented on an elective basis, and the remaining 34 patients (9%) were admitted for acute cholecystitis (24), gallstone pancreatitis (9), and cholangitis (1). Of the 375 patients, 20 were converted to laparotomy and cholecystectomy, for an overall success rate of 95% for patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Three hundred nineteen patients (90%) were discharged within 24 hours of surgery. Operative cholangiography was completed in 141 patients, showing choledocholithiasis in five (managed by postoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography [ERCP] in 4, common bile duct exploration [CBDE] in 1). Two retained stones (0.9%) were detected in 214 patients not undergoing cholangiography. Three patients (0.8%) were reoperated on because of perioperative complications. Overall morbidity for patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy was 3.5%. Major complications (0.6%) included a single common hepatic duct injury and a delayed cystic duct leak at 10 days. Minor complications occurred in 11 patients (2.9%). The single perioperative death (0.3%) was due to a myocardial infarction on postoperative day 3, after an otherwise uncomplicated laparoscopic procedure. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy appears to offer significant advantages to patient recovery, and these data suggest that it can be performed with an efficacy, morbidity rate, and mortality rate similar to those of open cholecystectomy.
The Development of a Workflow to Improve Predictive Capability of Low Salinity Response (2013)

Abstract Low Salinity Waterflooding (LSF) is an emerging improved oil recovery (IOR) technology that has been shown to work in a number of cases, while sometimes - unexpectedly - no incremental oil production is observed. Industry has not yet reached consensus on the mechanism behind LSF, which precludes effective screening and prioritization of LSF candidate fields. In this paper a workflow is introduced that improves the way fields are screened for their LSF potential. It employs closely interlinked experiments and modeling work from the molecular scale to the macroscopic Darcy scale, thereby closing gaps that previously impeded the predictability of the low salinity effect. The new workflow is based on the notion that wettability is a surface phenomenon. Elucidation of the low salinity mechanism should thus not be based on bulk measurements, but rather on the characterization of surface compositions and forces. The main insights that follow from this work are:Application of successful LSF leads to a wettability modification towards more water-wet, which is consistently observed at the atomic scale and at the core scale;The surface alterations that occur during LSF correlate with macroscopic observations such as oil recovery from core plugs;The time scales involved in wettability modification towards a more water-wet state can easily be long enough to lead to false negatives in common SCAL experiments; It is demonstrated that double layer expansion (DLE) is likely behind the low salinity mechanism, as processes involving cation exchange are expected to only occur long after breakthrough of the low salinity bank. Even though the workflow has been developed for LSF in sandstones, it is also being employed for LSF in carbonates. The fundamental insight that surface properties dominate the response does not only impact how LSF research and related SCAL experiments are being conducted, but impacts all other EOR processes relying on interfacial phenomena, as well as oil field science in general.
Spent Fuel Pool Heat-up and Propagation Phenomena Experiments. (2020)

Abstract not provided.
Imines, enamines and oximes (2000)

Covering: January 1997 to December 1998