gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inertial effects in rotating lyotropic liquid crystals (1988)

Abstract The orientation of the director of a lyotropic liquid crystal with negative anisotropy of the diamagnetic susceptibility is studied when the sample is spun at various speeds and angles from the magnetic field. Different behaviours is observed at low and high spinning speeds where the orientation is governed by the magnetic and the inertial torques, respectively. At intermediate frequencies it is possible to reach an equilibrium between these two torques. The evolution of this equilibrium with the average magnetic torque allows one to form a conclusion on the inertial nature of this effect.
Transcriptional controls of the central carbon metabolism in Bacillus subtilis (2007)

International audience
Residues within transmembrane segment M2 determine chloride conductance of glycine receptor homo- and hetero-oligomers. (1994)

Correction15 March 1994free access Residues within transmembrane segment M2 determine chloride conductance of glycine receptor homo- and hetero-oligomers. J. Bormann J. Bormann Search for more papers by this author N. Rundström N. Rundström Search for more papers by this author H. Betz H. Betz Search for more papers by this author D. Langosch D. Langosch Search for more papers by this author J. Bormann J. Bormann Search for more papers by this author N. Rundström N. Rundström Search for more papers by this author H. Betz H. Betz Search for more papers by this author D. Langosch D. Langosch Search for more papers by this author Author Information J. Bormann, N. Rundström, H. Betz and D. Langosch The EMBO Journal (1994)13:1493-1493https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1460-2075.1994.tb06405.x This article corrects the following: Residues within transmembrane segment M2 determine chloride conductance of glycine receptor homo- and hetero-oligomers.01 October 1993 PDFDownload PDF of article text and main figures. ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InMendeleyWechatReddit Figures & InfoNo abstract is available for this article. Previous ArticleNext Article Volume 13Issue 61 March 1994In this issue RelatedDetailsLoading ...
BEVACIZUMAB FOR CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION RELATED TO INFLAMMATORY DISEASES (2010)

Intravitreal bevacizumab is an effective treatment for choroidal neovascularization related to inflammatory diseases when inflammation is controlled.
Guillermo de Humboldt y la lengua otomí (hñahñu) (1998)

El autor de este articulo presenta el trabajo del linguista aleman del siglo XIX, Guillermo de Humboldt: su proyecto de descripcion de las lenguas amerindias y sobre todo sus intentos de elaborar una gramatica de la lengua otomi. El objetivo es dar a conocer una faceta de la obra de Humboldt como contribucion a la historiografia linguistica y, especificamente, a la historia de la linguistica otomi.
Pulsed laser deposition of thin metallic alloys (1993)

The pulsed KrF excimer laser ablation was applied for the preparation of thin metallic alloys. Above an ablation threshold of about 5 J/cm2, an explosive evaporation of the target material occurs leading to high deposition rates of up to 3 nm/s and a stoichiometry transfer between the target and the deposited film. The surfaces of the grown amorphous and polycrystalline films are smooth except for a small number of droplets. The pulsed laser ablation was found to be an attractive alternative to other film deposition techniques, not only for high-temperature superconductors, semiconductors, and insulators, but also for metallic alloys.
Calibration procedure and error analysis for a violin radiation measuring system (1979)

The system referred to in the preceding paper involves measurement of acoustic pressure, both in amplitude and in phase, on two concentric spheres of known radii. Among possible sources of error are: the finite number of measurements; inaccuracy in microphone positioning; scattering by the moving boom system; electrical and acoustical noise in the microphone system; spurious phase shifts and gain inequalities in the microphone and amplifier channels; timing errors and overtone sensitivity of the phase-sensitive detectors; offsets and quantizing errors in the analog-to-digital converter; and numerical computation errors. Effects due to the nonideal nature of the anechoic chamber are in a different category, since our system measures the reflected wave directory. [Work supported by NSF.]
Critical Role of Macrophages and Their Activation via MyD88-NFκB Signaling in Lung Innate Immunity to Mycoplasma pneumoniae (2010)

Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp), a common cause of pneumonia, is associated with asthma; however, the mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear. We investigated the cellular immune response to Mp in mice. Intranasal inoculation with Mp elicited infiltration of the lungs with neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages. Systemic depletion of macrophages, but not neutrophils, resulted in impaired clearance of Mp from the lungs. Accumulation and activation of macrophages were decreased in the lungs of MyD88(-/-) mice and clearance of Mp was impaired, indicating that MyD88 is a key signaling protein in the anti-Mp response. MyD88-dependent signaling was also required for the Mp-induced activation of NFκB, which was essential for macrophages to eliminate the microbe in vitro. Thus, MyD88-NFκB signaling in macrophages is essential for clearance of Mp from the lungs.
A Possible Role of Acrolein in Diabetic Retinopathy: Involvement of a VEGF/TGFβ Signaling Pathway of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium in Hyperglycemia (2012)

We conclude that the effect of acrolein on the reduction of viability and VEGF increase by ARPE-19 cells in hyperglycemic media is conducted through the TGFβ signaling pathway. Our results suggest that benefits of sequestering acrolein by NBHA and the blockage of the TGFβ pathway by SB431542 and SIS3 offer suggestions as to potential useful pharmacological drug candidates for the prevention of diabetes-induced complications in the eye.
Treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (2013)

Treatment of latent tuberculosis (TB) infection is an important component of TB control programs in both high- and low-prevalence countries. Clinical trials of treatment of latent TB conducted over several decades have demonstrated that preventive treatment can reduce the risk of developing active TB up to 90%. Although 9 months of daily, self-administered isoniazid has been the most widely used and recommended regimen for the treatment of latent infection, other regimens such as 3 months of daily isoniazid and rifampin, or 4 months of daily rifampin alone have also been recommended and used. Most recently, a 12-dose regimen of once-weekly isoniazid and rifapentine has been shown to be noninferior to 9 months of daily isoniazid in a large and well conducted clinical trial. Adoption of such a regimen on a large scale could have significant implications for TB elimination efforts.
MRI Monitoring of Cerebral Blood Flow after the Delivery of Nanocombretastatin across the Blood Brain Tumor Barrier (2018)

Introduction of polymeric nanoparticles in cancer therapeutics is widely investigated since nanomedicine often enables the intratumoral delivery of drugs with increased efficacy with minimal side effects. In this study MRI monitoring was employed to study the therapeutic effect of nanocombretastatin (G3-CA4) in an orthotopic glioma model. Water insoluble combretastatin (CA4) was conjugated to a small-sized water soluble G3-succinamic acid PAMAM dendrimer. Nanoconstruct sizes were determined by TEM to be 3 to 5 nm. Intravenous (i.v.) delivery of G3-CA4 in an orthotopic glioma model produced a long-lived ischemia accompanied by necrosis at the core of the tumor but leaving a rim of viable tissue. In contrast, delivery of CA4 alone has no therapeutic effect in an experimental rat model of glioma.
Capacitive RF MEMS switch dielectric charging and reliability: a critical review with recommendations (2012)

This paper presents a comprehensive review of the reliability issues hampering capacitive RF MEMS switches in their development toward commercialization. Dielectric charging and its effects on device behavior are extensively addressed, as well as the application of different dielectric materials, improvements in the mechanical design and the use of advanced actuation waveforms. It is concluded that viable capacitive RF MEMS switches with a great chance of market acceptance preferably have no actuation voltage across a dielectric at all, contrary to the 'standard' geometry. This is substantiated by the reliability data of a number of dielectric-less MEMS switch designs. However, a dielectric can be used for the signal itself, resulting in a higher Con/Coff ratio than that one would be able to achieve in a switch without any dielectric. The other reliability issues of these devices are also covered, such as creep, RF-power-related failures and packaging reliability. This paper concludes with a recipe for a conceptual 'ideal' switch from a reliability point of view, based on the lessons learned.
Exact determination of a Lyapunov function and the asymptotic stability domain (1992)

The problem of the necessary and sufficient conditions for an exact direct determination of both a Lyapunov function υ and the asymptotic stability domain D of the zero state is solved for time-invariant non-linear continuous-time systems with continuous unique motions. The conditions provide a complete algorithm for their simultaneous determination. They permit arbitrary selection of a positive definite function p for which D +υ = −p has a solution υ in order to generate a system Lyapunov function υ from D +υ = −p as for linear time-invariant systems. This expresses their substantial difference from Lyapunov's original results and their developments so far. The latter are expressed in terms of the existence of a system Lyapunov function but the former are not. The theorems of the paper establish a new insight into, and a methodology for, a study of Lyapunov stability properties and other qualitative features of nonlinear dynamic systems. Simple examples illustrate the theorems and the procedure for their application.
Design of broadband bandpass CMOS amplifiers based on modified distributed amplification technique (2005)

This paper presents a novel broadband bandpass amplifier in CMOS technology based on the distributed amplification technique. In this design, the conventional lowpass LC filter structure of the CMOS distributed amplifiers is replaced by a bandpass LC filter structure only in gate transmission lines. The drain transmission lines topology is preserved to provide a DC path for biasing the transistors. Simulation results clearly indicate that the proposed circuit topology can be used as a broadband bandpass amplifier for UWB applications
Dopamine and T cells: dopamine receptors and potent effects on T cells, dopamine production in T cells, and abnormalities in the dopaminergic system in T cells in autoimmune, neurological and psychiatric diseases (2015)

Dopamine, a principal neurotransmitter, deserves upgrading to 'NeuroImmunotransmitter' thanks to its multiple, direct and powerful effects on most/all immune cells. Dopamine by itself is a potent activator of resting effector T cells (Teffs), via two independent ways: direct Teffs activation, and indirect Teffs activation by suppression of regulatory T cells (Tregs). The review covers the following findings: (i) T cells express functional dopamine receptors (DRs) D1R-D5R, but their level and function are dynamic and context-sensitive, (ii) DR membranal protein levels do not necessarily correlate with DR mRNA levels, (iii) different T cell types/subtypes have different DR levels and composition and different responses to dopamine, (iv) autoimmune and pro-inflammatory T cells and T cell leukaemia/lymphoma also express functional DRs, (v) dopamine (~10(-8) M) activates resting/naive Teffs (CD8(+) >>>CD4(+) ), (vi) dopamine affects Th1/Th2/Th17 differentiation, (vii) dopamine inhibits already activated Teffs (i.e. T cells that have been already activated by either antigen, mitogen, anti-CD3 antibodies cytokines or other molecules), (viii) dopamine inhibits activated Tregs in an autocrine/paracrine manner. Thus, dopamine 'suppresses the suppressors' and releases the inhibition they exert on Teffs, (ix) dopamine affects intracellular signalling molecules and cascades in T cells (e.g. ERK, Lck, Fyn, NF-κB, KLF2), (x) T cells produce dopamine (Tregs>>>Teffs), can release dopamine, mainly after activation (by antigen, mitogen, anti-CD3 antibodies, PKC activators or other), uptake extracellular dopamine, and most probably need dopamine, (xi) dopamine is important for antigen-specific interactions between T cells and dendritic cells, (xii) in few autoimmune diseases (e.g. multiple sclerosis/SLE/rheumatoid arthritis), and neurological/psychiatric diseases (e.g. Parkinson disease, Alzheimer's disease, Schizophrenia and Tourette), patient's T cells seem to have abnormal DRs expression and/or responses to dopamine or production of dopamine, (xiii) drugs that affect the dopaminergic system have potent effects on T cells (e.g. dopamine=Intropin, L-dopa, bromocriptine, haloperidol, quinpirole, reserpine, pergolide, ecopipam, pimozide, amantadine, tetrabenazine, nomifensine, butaclamol). Dopamine-induced activation of resting Teffs and suppression of Tregs seem beneficial for health and may also be used for immunotherapy of cancer and infectious diseases. Independently, suppression of DRs in autoimmune and pro-inflammatory T cells, and also in cancerous T cells, may be advantageous. The review is relevant to Immunologists, Neurologists, Neuroimmunologists, Hematologists, Psychiatrists, Psychologists and Pharmacologists.
Spatial redistribution of the optical field intensity in inverted polymer solar cells (2010)

We have used indium tin oxide (ITO), a transparent conducting oxide, as an optical spacer to improve the performance of inverted polymer solar cells. The optical interference effect resulted in spatial redistribution of the optical field in the devices. Although the degree of light absorption in inverted cells was not increased, the resulting favorable distribution of photogenerated excitons probably decreased the level of exciton quenching near the electrodes. As a result, the introduction of the ITO optical spacer at an appropriate thickness increased the short-circuit current density and the overall power conversion efficiency.
Computer aided diagnosis of functional brain disorders using PET on a PC based platform (2002)

We describe a portable PC based platform for computer aided diagnosis (CAD) of functional brain disorders using positron emission tomography (PET) that integrates a variety of methods including quantitative and visual techniques as well as extensively automated procedures. Statistical procedures such as the scaled subprofile model (SSM) in conjunction with principal component analysis are employed to derive neuronal networks that can uniquely identify characteristic metabolic covariance patterns. By measuring the expression of these networks in diseased subjects on an individual basis we can help automate the diagnosis of conditions such as Parkinson's disease and evaluate treatment efficacy and disease progression.
A Two-Step Distribution System State Estimator with Grid Constraints and Mixed Measurements (2018)

In this paper we consider the problem of State Estimation (SE) in large-scale, 3-phase coupled, unbalanced distribution systems. More specifically, we address the problem of including mixed real-time measurements, synchronized and unsynchronized, from phasor measurement units and smart meters, into existing SE solutions. We propose a computationally efficient two-step method to update a prior solution using the measurements, while taking into account physical constraints caused by zero-injection buses. We test the method on a benchmark test feeder and show the effectiveness of the approach.
Anatomical and biomechanical analysis of sacral pedicle and lateral mass. (2011)

Both the sacral pedicle and the lateral mass screw fixation techniques can offer effective fixation and reconstruction for fracture of the sacrum and coccyx, but pedicle screw fixation may be more convenient, safe and reliable than lateral mass screw fixation.
Stabilization of max-plus-linear systems using receding horizon control: The unconstrained case - Extended report ∗ (2006)

Max-plus-linear (MPL) systems are a class of discrete event systems that can be described by models that are “linear” in the max-plus algebra. In this paper we focus on MPL systems such as they arise in the context of e.g. manufacturing systems, telecommunication networks, railway networks, and parallel computing. We derive a receding horizon control scheme for MPL systems that guarantees a priori stability (in the sense of boundedness of the normalized state) of the closed-loop system in the “unconstrained” case. We also discuss the main properties of the resulting receding horizon controllers.
Kinetics of styrene uptake by a polyurethane network during the formation of interpenetrating polymer networks (1994)

Abstract Due to insolubility of the components, formation of interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) requires particular ways of synthesis. Among others, IPNs can be prepared by the sequential technique where a network is swollen in a monomer and its crosslinker, which are then polymerized in situ. The simplest case is to swell at equilibrium; however this leads to IPNs of a given composition. For obtaining other compositions, swelling has to be stopped before equilibrium, or the swollen network (gel) has to be deswollen to a certain extent. Therefore, diffusivity of the monomer within the gel has to be known. The kinetics of monomer uptake was studied for a polyether urethane/styrene‐divinylbenzene system which gives transparent materials despite the difference in refractive indexes. This allows direct visual observations of the monomer progress within the network. The results are not fully in agreement with the theories of Tanaka and of Candau which both predict the progression of a solvent in a polymeric gel. Two regimes of swelling depending on the concentration distribution of the monomer within the gel were found.
Effects of a germ-free environment on gut immune regulation and diabetes progression in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice (2011)

Aims/hypothesis
Microbial factors influence the development of diabetes in NOD mice. Studies in germ-free animals have revealed important roles of microbiota in the regulation of Th17 and forkhead box P3 (FOXP3)+ T regulatory (Treg) activation in the intestine. However, the effects of intestinal microbiota in immune regulation and diabetes development in NOD mice are still poorly understood.
A New Method for Partial Ambiguity Resolution (2009)

Traditional GNSS RTK processing typically requires a
step of cycle ambiguity resolution to achieve the
positioning accuracy potentially achievable from the high
precision carrier phase measurements. However,
during marginal multipath or atmospheric conditions and
over longer baselines, it is often difficult to resolve the
cycle ambiguities for all satellites on all frequencies.
Early RTK algorithms either resolved all double
difference cycle ambiguities or did not leverage the
integer nature of the ambiguities at all. RTK solutions
were either “fixed” (if all integers were resolved) or
“float” (if all integers were treated as floating, non-integer biases). Many applications have accuracy requirements between what is provided by fixed and float solutions, but with only those two options available, such applications have to wait for RTK fixed status. Therefore, there is a need for a solution that provides the high availability of RTK float and some of the accuracy improvements offered by rounding all of the cycle ambiguities. Existing partial ambiguity resolution techniques attempt to round fewer integers than the total number of unknown ambiguities to provide such a solution. However, because the common approaches to partial ambiguity resolution put artificial constraints on the results, they may exclude better results. 

The focus of this research was to explore new ways to
leverage the integer nature of the cycle ambiguities when
the full set cannot be fixed reliably. A method is
proposed to find a general linear combination of the
ambiguities that is invariant to ambiguity
parameterization. This linear combination is sometimes equivalent to the result of existing methods, but in many
cases, it will be shown to provide higher order constraints
than existing methods. For a given probability of
correctly constraining a linear combination of integers,
the new method finds a linear combination that results in
the smallest position covariance. Under certain
conditions, the new method may require an unacceptable
computational load. Modifications are proposed to
improve computational efficiency in such cases.

Simulation results of the new technique are presented and
compared with traditional partial fixing results. Two and
three frequencies systems are simulated with various
levels of ionosphere, troposphere, and multipath errors.
Statistical improvements of the new method are
demonstrated under a variety of conditions.
On the Complexity of the Planar Slope Number Problem (2017)

The planar slope number of a planar graph $G$ is defined as the minimum number of slopes that is required for a crossing-free straight-line drawing of $G$. We show that determining the planar slope number is hard in the existential theory of the reals. We discuss consequences for drawings that minimize the planar slope number.
Adaptive changes following crush injury of brachial plexus terminal branches in adult rats (2010)

In the present study, we investigated the adaptive changes after a nerve crush lesion applied to the median, ulnar and radial nerves, both downstream and upstream to the lesion site. Animals were sacrificed at different time points after the injury and the nerves and the corresponding C5-T1 DRGs were extracted Distal to the crush lesion, morphological analysis showed that axonal regeneration and maturation was very fast. Regenerated nerve fibers were significantly more numerous and densely packed. On the other hand axons were smaller and with a thinner myelin sheath compared to controls. Proximal to the crush lesion, morphological analysis of DRGS showed an unusual number of small size cells different from the glial satellite cells. Neurogenesis in the DRGs was then investigated by injecting rats with bromodeoxyuridine (BrDU). Most of the BrDU positive cells belong to the glial family although, some BrDU colocalized with neuronal markers (nestin, Sox-2) suggesting that neurogenesis occurs in adult DRGs neurons that undergo peripheral nerve injury. Finally, a stereological analysis, using the physical dissector method, showed a significant increase in number (42%) of DRGs sensory neurons 1 month after nerve-crush injury compared to control. All together our data support the idea that the population of DRG’s neurons increased as a consequence of the nerve damage. Evidence of morphological changes in the population of cells surrounding neurons and the immunopositivity for neuronal progenitor markers, suggested the hypothesis that the increased number of neurons is due to undifferentiated precursors localized within the adult DRG. Taken together, these results provide further information about the adaptation of the nervous system to a axonal damage and suggest that nerve regeneration is supported by neurogenesis, at least in the sensory compartment.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactivity of a Cyclothiaphosphazene Towards Grignard Reagents. Crystal Structure of the 1:1 Adduct of the Bi(cyclothiaphosphazene)(NPMe(NSOPh)2)2 and Benzene. (1990)

Abstract Reactions of the ring system (I) with MeMgCl (II) and an excess isopropanol show that chlorine substitution occurs both along with nucleophilic substitution pattern producing (III) and a metal‐halogen exchange process giving rise to the formation of bicyclic compounds (IV).