gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Purification of oxymatrine and general flavones in Sophora Flavescens by using micro-filtration and macro-porous resin method (2004)

Objective To study the effect of microfiltration-macroporous resin method in purification of oxymatrine and general flavone in sophora flavescens. Methods HPLC was applied to analyze the content of oxymatrine in the samples, and UV-spectrophotometry was applied to analyze the content of general flavone. Results In sophora flavescens decoction, the recovery ratio of oxymatrine and general flavone were 78.88% and 73.4%, the whole solid was decreased by 38.95% by microfiltration-macroporous resin method. Conclusion Microfiltration-macroporous resin method was more effective than alcohol-sedimentation for oxymatrine and general flavone purification in sophora flavescens.
PS-014 An observational review and audit of the treatment of hypoglycaemic events in a university teaching hospital (2017)

<h3>Background</h3> Hypoglycaemic events may have grave implications for patients with diabetes mellitus, and is defined as a blood glucose (BG) level of &lt;4 mmol/L. Anecdotally, it has been reported that events were not treated as per evidence base in the hospital setting. <h3>Purpose</h3> This study aimed to conduct a baseline audit and review of the treatment of hypoglycaemic events among diabetic inpatients in a university teaching hospital. Quality improvement methods and a reaudit were also planned. <h3>Material and methods</h3> Baseline adherence to the hypoglycaemic hospital protocol was determined in an audit undertaken on 148 retrospective hypoglycaemic events, by clinical pharmacists, over a 5 week period. Data were analysed and quality improvement initiatives were implemented by the pharmacy department in conjunction with the endocrinology department. The efforts employed included the development and launch of a new hypoglycaemia protocol, the provision of educational material in the form of a quiz, a medication safety alert, and informal and formal education. A reaudit was undertaken over a 5 week period on 151 hypoglycaemic events. <h3>Results</h3> 72.9% (n=108) of hypoglycaemic events in the baseline audit were treated with short acting carbohydrate, which increased to 81.4% (n=123) in the reaudit (p&gt;0.05). Lucozade was the predominant short acting carbohydrate used to treat hypoglycaemic events throughout the study. Of those events treated with Lucozade, 33.3% were treated with the recommended amount in the baseline audit, increasing to 70.6% in the reaudit (p&lt;0.05). There was limited compliance with retesting of BG within 15 min in the baseline audit (repeated within 15 min in 9.5%; within 30 min in 24.8%). The time to retest was significantly reduced (p&lt;0.05) in the reaudit (BG repeated within 15 min in 30.5%; within 30 min in 63.5% of events). <h3>Conclusion</h3> We established the baseline incidence of hypoglycaemic events. With the provision of a clear, colour coded evidence based hypoglycaemia protocol and a multifaceted educational drive, it was possible to improve the management of these hypoglycaemic events to improve patient safety. <h3>References and/or acknowledgements</h3> 1. Joint British Society for Diabetes. <i>The hospital management of hypoglycaemia in adults with diabetes mellitus</i>. cited 14 Sep 2014. Available at https://www.diabetes.org.uk/ No conflict of interest
Enhanced Load Water-Recovery Technique Improves Stimulation Results (1983)

Abstract The roles of capillary pressure, wettability and relative permeability in controlling load water recovery following hydraulic fracturing treatments have been examined. It has been found in laboratory studies that the judicious alteration of wettability to control capillary pressure and/or relative permeability can promote a rapid thorough cleanup of injected water. Field applications employing these concepts have resulted in enhanced load water recoveries and higher production due to longer effective frac lengths and/or higher fracture conductivities following cleanup.
Abstract 1415: Osteopontin and matrix metalloproteinase 2 plasma levels are elevated in colorectal cancer (CRC) vs benign disease; The 2 protein combination improves specificity as regards CRC diagnosis (2022)

Abstract Introduction: Expression of Osteopontin (OPN) and Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 (MMP 2) are elevated in CRC. OPN is an integrin binding phosphorylated glycoprotein implicated in cell-mediated immunity, inflammation, tumor progression, and cell viability. OPN is secreted by macrophages and leukocytes. OPN activity is associated with the PI3K/AKT and ERK pathways and VEGF mediated tumor angiogenesis. MMP-2 degrades type IV collagen and facilitates tumor cell invasion and metastasis. MMP-2 also promotes tumor angiogenesis. This study’s first purpose was to compare preoperative (PreOp) plasma OPN and MMP2 levels in CRC and benign pathology (BP) patients (pts); the 2nd purpose was to assess the combination of these proteins for diagnosis. Method: PreOp plasma samples obtained from consenting CRC and BP pts undergoing surgery were used for this study. Prospectively gathered demographic, clinical and pathologic data were analyzed. Plasma levels of OPN and MMP2 (ng/ml) were measured via ELISA and reported as median + 95% CI. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the ROC curve (AUC) were used to evaluate the diagnostic value of each protein alone and in combination. Expression levels of OPN and MMP2 were determined in tumor and normal tissue for a subset of pts by QRT-PCR. The Mann-Whitney test was used for analysis. Results: Plasma from 156 CRC (73% colon, 27% rectal) and 102 BP (polyp 32%, diverticulitis 56%, other 12%) pts was studied. CRC stage breakdown was: 1, 26%; 2, 33%, 3, 29%, 4, 12%. CRC median preop plasma levels were significantly higher vs. the BP group for both proteins [OPN; 82.4,CI:75.4, 89.5 vs 59.2, CI:53.8,63.3;MMP2; 203.6,CI:195.0,214.5 vs 160.2,CI:151.9,172.2; P&amp;lt;0.0001). Higher OPN levels were noted in stg 3(p=0.04) and Stg 4(p=0.01) vs stg 1 pts. The AUC value for the ROC curve for OPN and MMP2 were 0.73 and 0.73 respectively with 61% and 70% specificity. The AUC for the 2 protein combination was 0.80 with 65% sensitivity and 80% specificity. OPN and MMP2 expression was elevated in 75% and 50% of CRC tumors tested, respectively (n=12). Conclusion: Median CRC OPN and MMP2 levels were significantly higher (39% and 27%) than BP levels. OPN and MMP2 expression was confirmed in a subset of pts. This 2 protein combination improved the AUC and specificity for CRC diagnosis. Further study with more protein combinations is warranted. Citation Format: Chandana S. k. Herath Mudiyanselage, Hiromichi Miyagaki, Neil Mitra, Yanni Hedjar, Xiaohong Yan, Vesna Cekic, Joseph Martz, Jennifer Agnew, Richard L. Whelan. Osteopontin and matrix metalloproteinase 2 plasma levels are elevated in colorectal cancer (CRC) vs benign disease; The 2 protein combination improves specificity as regards CRC diagnosis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 1415.
Dioxygen Activation and Substrate Oxygenation by a p-Nitrothiophenolatonickel Complex: Unique Effects of an Acetonitrile Solvent and the p-Nitro Group of the Ligand (2011)

The nickel(II) complex [Ni(Tp(Me2)) (SC(6)H(4)NO(2))] [1a; Tp(Me2) = hydrotris(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)borate] reacts with O(2) to form the ligand oxygenation product ArSO(2)(-) in MeCN, and also 1a catalyzes the oxygenation of external substrates such as triphenylphosphine. The reactivity may correlate to the unique quinoid-like resonance structure of the thiophenolate ligand. The structure is stabilized by a p-nitro group and induced by coordination of MeCN.
Rad GTPase Deficiency Leads to Cardiac Hypertrophy (2007)

The present data document for the first time that Rad is a novel mediator that inhibits cardiac hypertrophy through the CaMKII pathway. The present study will have significant implications for understanding the mechanisms of cardiac hypertrophy and setting the basis for the development of new strategies for treatment of cardiac hypertrophy.
Measuring atomic dimensions by transmission of Rydberg atoms through micrometre size slits (1983)

The authors have measured the transmission of a beam of Rydberg atoms through a metallic grating made of an array of micrometre size slits. The transmission decreases linearly with the square of the principal quantum number n, with a cut-off for a maximum n value. These results are in qualitative agreement with a simple theory of atom-metal electron exchange based on an electrostatic image model. This experiment provides an unusual comparison between the dimensions of atoms and the size of a 'classical' manufactured object.
Catalytic Deracemization of Allenes (2019)

Key words photocatalysis - deracemization - allenes - sensitized excitation
Design and Analysis of Linear Stator Permanent Magnet Vernier Machines (2011)

This paper presents a new class of linear permanent magnet (PM) vernier machines which is suitable for low speed and high thrust force applications. The machine is composed of a tubular stator and a tubular translator. The stator consists of an iron core with salient teeth wound with 3-phase armature windings and PMs mounted on the surface of stator teeth. The translator is designed as a simple tubular iron core with salient teeth so that it is very robust to transmit high thrust force. By using the finite element method, the characteristics and performances of the proposed machine are analyzed and verified.
Investigation of Partial Discharge Phenomena in Artificial Cavity in Epoxy Cast Resin Insulation System (2011)

It is crucial for proper insulation design of cast resin transformer to consider voids and delamination which might exist in cast molding because of several surface boundaries between resin and conductor. Such defects in the insulator lead to reduction of the life of the apparatus. In this report, we investigate the relation between the void size and apparent charge of partial discharge (PD) occurring in a model simulating the insulation system of cast resin transformer. It is also important to determine necessary PD detection sensitivity of PD test in a factory as well as in a field. In this paper, we also discuss the detection sensitivity by considering the relation between charge and void radius using formula derived by L. Niemyer, M. Pedersen and their colleagues in the late 1980's to apply to the case of the cast resin transformer. Experiments were also performed to obtain PD inception voltage (PDIV) of epoxy resin slab including an artificial void with a given size. Investigation was also made on the effect of X-ray irradiation to the epoxy resin on PDIV characteristics.
Graphene tunneling transit-time device with electrically induced p-i-n junction (2009)

We propose a graphene tunneling transit-time device based on a heterostructure with a lateral p-i-n junction electrically induced in the graphene layer, develop the device model, and calculate its ac characteristics. Using the developed device model, it is shown that the ballistic transit of electrons and holes generated due to interband tunneling in the i-section results in the negative ac conductance in the terahertz frequency range. The device can serve as an active element of terahertz oscillators.
Compact and low-loss bandpass filter realized in silica-based post-wall waveguide for 60-GHz applications (2015)

This paper presents compact and low-loss bandpass filters (BPFs) with ground-signal-ground interfaces that can easily be integrated with RFICs. The filters are realized by post-wall waveguide fabricated into a silica-substrate for the first time. A 59.11-GHz five-pole BPF with a 3.10% fractional bandwidth and a 2.62-dB insertion loss including input- and output- transitions is presented. Its intrinsic area is 8.4 mm by 2.0 mm. The proposed technology can offer practical integrated passive solutions for millimeter-wave applications.
Electroretinographic Monitoring of Retinal Function During Eye Surgery (1991)

• We performed a pilot study of electroretinographic monitoring of retinal function during eye surgery performed with local anesthesia. A contact lens with a built-in light-emitting diode was sterilized and used as both a stimulus source and a recording electrode for 30-Hz flicker electroretinograms. Each recording required 7 seconds, during which the operating light (but not the room light) was switched off. Electroretinograms recorded during surgery on 10 patients with minimal retinal abnormality were evaluated for the effects of light adaptation caused by regular exposure to an operating light source or operating microscope. The fluctuations of the amplitude and peak time were small, indicating that this technique can be used to monitor retinal function during eye surgery. Some results during retinal and vitreous surgeries are shown.
Rational design and synthesis of new quorum-sensing inhibitors derived from acylated homoserine lactones and natural products from garlic (2004)

Parallel solution-phase synthesis of sulfide AHL analogues (10a-s) by one-pot or a sequential approach is reported. The corresponding sulfoxides 13a-e and sulfones 14a-e were prepared to expand the diversity of the 19-member array of sulfides . Likewise, dithianes 12a-c were prepared with similarity both to sulfides 10a-s and to bioactive structures from garlic. Design and biological screening of all compounds presented in this work targeted inhibition of quorum-sensing comprising competitive inhibition of transcriptional regulators LuxR and LasR. The design was based on critical interactions within the binding-site and structural motifs in molecular components isolated from garlic, 7 and 8, shown to be quorum-sensing inhibitors but not antibiotics. A potent quorum-sensing inhibitor N-(heptylsulfanylacetyl)-l-homoserine lactone (10c) was identified. Together with data collected for the other analogues, the resulting structure-activity relationship led to a hypothesis in which competitive binding was assumed.
Lipid Deposition in Kidney Diseases: Interplay Among Redox, Lipid Mediators, and Renal Impairment (2017)

<b><i>Significance:</i></b> The relationship between lipid disturbances and renal diseases has been studied for several decades, and it is well recognized that when the balance of renal lipid uptake, synthesis, oxidation, and outflow is disrupted, lipids will undergo oxidation, be sequestrated as lipid droplets, generate toxic metabolites, and cause nephrotoxicity in diverse renal diseases. <b><i>Recent Advances:</i></b> During renal disorders, redox signaling is a pivotal event promoting or resulting from lipid disorders. Accordingly, a vicious cycle of lipid redox dysregulation could be developed, accelerating the renal damage. <b><i>Critical Issues:</i></b> The aim of this concise review is to introduce the connection among redox, lipid abnormalities and kidney damage in various conditions. And we summarized current understanding of the lipid redox loop implicated in acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, metabolic abnormalities, aging, and genetic pitfalls. <b><i>Future Directions:</i></b> Despite recent advances, further investigations are required to clarify the complicated molecular and regulatory mechanisms among redox, lipid mediators and renal disorders. Moreover, exploring an ideal target for potential therapies should be discussed and studied in future. <i>Antioxid. Redox Signal.</i> 28, 1027-1043.
Modelling the growth of atmospheric nitrous oxide using a global hierarchical inversion (2022)

Abstract. Nitrous oxide is a potent greenhouse gas and ozone depleting substance, whose atmospheric abundance has risen throughout the contemporary record. In this work, we carry out the first global hierarchical Bayesian inversion to solve for nitrous oxide emissions, which includes prior emissions with non-Gaussian distributions and model errors, in order to examine the drivers of the atmospheric surface growth rate. We show that both meteorology and emissions are key drivers of variations in the surface nitrous oxide growth rate between 2011 and 2020. We derive increasing global nitrous oxide emissions, which are mainly driven by emissions between 0° and 30° N, with the highest emissions recorded in 2020. Our mean global total emissions for 2011–2020 of 17.2 (16.7–17.7 at the 95 % credible intervals) TgN yr-1, comprising of 12.0 (11.2–12.8) TgN yr-1 from land and 5.2 (4.5–5.9) TgN yr-1 from ocean, agrees well with previous studies, but we find that emissions are poorly constrained for some regions of the world, particularly for the oceans. The prior emissions used in this and other previous work exhibit a seasonal cycle in the Northern Hemisphere extra-tropics that is out of phase with the posterior solution, and there is a substantial zonal redistribution of emissions from the prior to the posterior. Correctly characterising the uncertainties in the system, for example in the prior emission fields, is crucial to be able to derive posterior fluxes that are consistent with observations. In this hierarchical inversion, the model-measurement discrepancy and the prior flux uncertainty are informed by the data, rather than solely through expert judgment. We show cases where this framework provides different plausible adjustments to the prior fluxes compared to inversions using widely adopted, fixed uncertainty constraints.
Detect Early Be Safe–Care for Mother (DEBS-CaM) project: School-based interventions to improve awareness and screening for breast cancer among the young mothers of Kerala. (2020)

e13570 Background: The prognosis rate among the breast cancer patients was less than 50% in India when compared to European countries due to the late diagnosis and most of them diagnosed at an advanced stage of disease. Early detection can reduce the risk of advancement of disease by 30%. There is an immediate need to target both younger population to empower the women with the knowledge on their breast cancer risk and self-breast examination (SBE). So the project aimed to examine the efficacy of a Brief Motivational Intervention (BMI) and Student based Parental intervention (SBPI) based on motivational interviewing as a universal preventive and early diagnosis interventions to fight against breast cancer among the school students using a randomized factorial design. Methods: Daughters and Mothers are always a good dyads for doing an personal health intervention. Since it is a ‘matter of closeness’, a mother and a daughter can easily communicate, intervene and ensure the act of doing in self breast examination.We identified 85 schools (including the Junior high and senior high schools in the northern region of Kerala. The female resource person from the MVR Cancer Centre &amp; Research Institute delivered the awareness session on risk factors of breast cancer breast and SBE. So the attendees demonstrated the SBEs to their mothers and ensure the act of doing monthly. The study utilized a 2 × 2 × 3 factorial design, crossing a BMI; (yes, no) and SBPI (yes, no), with one within-subjects factor (Time; baseline and 10 months). Over 10 months, we recruited cohorts of parent-student dyads and randomize by dyad to one of four experimental conditions: BMI only and BMI and SBPI only. We did the randomization by computer algorithm to ensure that the experimental conditions will balance on prognostic indicators of students and their mother’s on breast cancer risk and including waist to hip ratio, frequency of SBE, healthy dietary intake and physically active. Results: Baseline data collected from students and parents during the summer prior to college matriculation. Follow-ups occurred at 10 months post-baseline for parents in the face to face interview with students at their schools. We found 17% of mothers detected any kind of breast abnormalities and among that, 68% of mothers went for further detailed diagnostic tests. Conclusions: It is an innovative approach incorporating the principles of primary prevention and early detection for the breast cancer among the young mothers of Kerala.
SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF NAPROXEN SODIUM AND ACETAMINOPHEN IN FIXED-DOSE COMBINATIONS FORMULATIONS BY FIRST-ORDER DERIVATIVE SPECTROSCOPY: APPLICATION TO DISSOLUTION STUDIES (2015)

Objective: To validate and apply a new and easy zero-crossing derivative method for the simultaneous determination of naproxen sodium and acetaminophen in fixed-dose combinations formulations. Methods: Measurement was achieved using the first-derivative ( 1 D) signals at 243.42 nm for naproxen sodium and at 297.10 nm for acetaminophen. The method was validated according to International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines and was used to obtain the dissolution profiles (USP Apparatus 2, 75 rpm and 900 ml of 0.1 M phosphate buffer pH 7.4) of five generic products and the reference product Febrax ® (275/300 mg of naproxen sodium and acetaminophen, respectively). Dissolution data: percent of drug dissolved at 60 min, mean dissolution time (MDT) and dissolution efficiency (DE) were compared by a univariate one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test. Differences were considered significant if *P 0.99, *P<0.05) in the range of 10–50 µg/ml and 100–300 µg/ml for naproxen sodium and acetaminophen, respectively. The within-day and between-day precision and accuracy were within the acceptable criteria (relative standard deviation (RSD)<3% and 100±3%). Significant differences in MDT and DE values from all studies products were found (*P<0.05). All dissolution profiles were adjusted to Weibull’s kinetics and significant differences in Td values were found (*P<0.05). Conclusion: The proposed derivative spectrophotometry method can be used for the simultaneous determination of naproxen sodium and acetaminophen in dissolution studies. The method is rapid, simple, accurate, and precise without the need of high cost investment.
New trimming technology of a thick film resistor by the pulse voltage method (1991)

To realize a noncut trimming method without any damage to the resistor surface of thick-film resistors for electronic devices, a pulse voltage trimming method (PVTM) has been developed for resistors of less than 0.5 mm/sup 2/. This trimming method combines coarse and fine adjustments which are, respectively, due to pulse peak voltage and the number of pulse groups. The PVTM ensures resistance accuracy with an error of less than 1%. High-frequency characteristics and current noise of the trimmed resistors are considerably improved by this trimming technique, and there is no loss in the power handling capability for the trimmed resistors. These advantageous features are obtained by the increased number of conductive paths in the trimmed resistors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Myocardial blood flow in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy: Quantitative assessment with velocity‐encoded cine magnetic resonance imaging of the coronary sinus (2005)

MBF reserve is reduced in patients with IDC, indicating that coronary microcirculatory flow is impaired. This integrated MRI approach allows quantitative measurement of global MBF in humans and may have the potential to study the effects of pharmacological interventions on myocardial perfusion.