gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of Imine‐Containing Dibenzo[b,d]azepines by a Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed [5+2] Oxidative Annulation of o‐Arylanilines with Alkynes (2015)

Abstract A novel palladium(II)‐catalyzed [5+2] oxidative annulation of readily available o ‐arylanilines with alkynes has been developed for building a seven‐membered N‐heterocyclic architecture containing a biaryl linkage. This method is applicable to a wide range of unprotected o ‐arylanilines and internal alkynes, and results in the chemoselective preparation of imine‐containing dibenzo[ b , d ]azepines in high yields with excellent diastereoselectivity with respect to the two types of stereogenic elements.
A method for determination of intracellular bacterial killing by yellowtail phagocytic cells against Pasteurella piscicida. (1989)

Applicability of some methods for determination of intracellular bacterial killing by yellowtail phagocytic cells against Pasteurella piscicida was investigated. The following method was found applicable. A mixture of phagocytic cells prepared from yellowtail kidney, viable Pasteurella piscicida suspension and normal yellowtail serum was prepared, and incubated at 25°C for 30min. Then, 100μg/ml streptomycin and 1, 500units/ml penicillin G were added to the mixture, and incubated again at 25°C for 15min. The phagocytic cells and the remaining extracellular bacteria were separated by centrifuging at 5, 900×g for 5min on Percoll at 1.070 specific gravity. Phagocytic cells were washed three times by modified L-15, and resuspended in modified L-15 at a density of 1×107 cells/ml. After incubation at 25°C for 60min, the phagocytic cells were destroyed by 15% sodium chloride solution containing 0.2% non-ionic detergent, BL-25, at 0°C for 15min. The number of viable bacteria in destroyed phagocytic cells was counted by the pour plate method using BHI agar containing 1.0% sodium chloride.
ChemInform Abstract: CYCLOADDITION OF SUBSTITUTED BICYCLO(3.2.1)OCTA‐2,6‐DIENE WITH 4‐PHENYL‐1,2,4‐TRIAZOLINE‐3,5‐DIONE (1982)

Abstract Aus den Bicyclooctadienen (I) erhält man je nach den Substituenten R1 und R2 mit N‐Phenyl‐triazolindion (II) die Verbindungen (III), (IV), (V) 39 bzw. (VI).
The Quest for an HIV-1 Vaccine — Moving Forward (2013)

The challenges in the development of a prophylactic HIV-1 vaccine are unprecedented in the history of vaccinology. But there are reasons for optimism, and indeed, several promising vaccine concepts are currently moving toward clinical efficacy trials.
A novel process for methanol synthesis (1993)

A bench-scale reactor is being used to conduct studies of the conversion of synthesis gas to methanol (MeOH) in the liquid phase by a novel process. In previous reports, we provided evidence for a two step reaction in series, the carbonylation reaction mainly takng place close and the hydrogenolysis reaction taking place on the surface of the copper chromate. The interaction between the two catalyst enhances the rate of MeOH formation. In the last quarter, we showed that under present operating conditions, the methyl formate (MeOH) concentration is not in equilibrium and hence both the carboxylation and the hydrogenolysis reactions influence the rate of MEOH formation. The activities of other alkali and alkaline earth compounds as catalysts, the effect of water and the controlling reaction in the concurrent synthesis is described in this report.
ENUMERATION OF PETROLEUMDEGRADING MICROORGANISMS (1976)

A variety of factors, including concentration of oil, antibiotics, dyes, and inoculum washes, were examined to determine their effect on the total counts of microorganisms on oil-containing media. The media found to be best for enumerating petroleum-degrading microorganisms contained 0.5% (vol/vol) oil and 0.003% phenol red, with Fungizone added for isolating bacteria and streptomycin and tetracycline added for isolating yeasts and fungi. Washing the inoculum did not improve recovery of petroleum degraders. Specifically, silica gel-oil medium and a yeast medium are recommended for enumeration of petroleum-degrading bacteria and yeasts and fungi, respectively. It is suggested that counts of petroleum degraders be expressed as percentage of the total population rather than total numbers of petroleum degraders per se. Incubation temperature and presence of oil was found to influence the numbers of petroleum-degrading microorganisms at a given sampling site.
Physiological function and catalytic versatility of bacterial multihaem cytochromes c involved in nitrogen and sulfur cycling (2011)

Bacterial MCCs (multihaem cytochromes c) represent widespread respiratory electron-transfer proteins. In addition, some of them convert substrates such as nitrite, hydroxylamine, nitric oxide, hydrazine, sulfite, thiosulfate or hydrogen peroxide. In many cases, only a single function is assigned to a specific MCC in database entries despite the fact that an MCC may accept various substrates, thus making it a multifunctional catalyst that can play diverse physiological roles in bacterial respiration, detoxification and stress defence mechanisms. The present article briefly reviews the structure, function and biogenesis of selected MCCs that catalyse key reactions in the biogeochemical nitrogen and sulfur cycles.
Effects of glatiramer acetate on fatigue and days of absence from work in first-time treated relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (2008)

Treatment with glatiramer acetate was associated with a significant improvement in fatigue symptoms and a marked reduction in absence from work. Treatment was well-tolerated. Such benefits are of relevance to overall patient well-being.
Scanning differential polarization microscope: Its use to image linear and circular differential scattering (1988)

A differential polarization microscope that couples the sensitivity of single-beam measurement of circular dichroism and circular differential scattering with the simultaneous measurement of linear dichroism and linear differential scattering has been developed. The microscope uses a scanning microscope stage and single-point illumination to give the very shallow depth of field found in confocal microscopy. This microscope can operate in the confocal mode as well as in the near confocal condition that can allow one to program the coherence and spatial resolution of the microscope. This microscope has been used to study the change in the structure of chromatin during the development of sperm in Drosophila.
The role of nutrients in B lymphocyte growth and survival responses. (2016)

Abstract B cell activation is an energetically demanding process during which B lymphocytes shift from a resting state to a proliferative, metabolically active state. Little is known about the metabolic reprogramming process or the role extracellular nutrients play in the activation response. We demonstrate that there are distinct requirements for the nutrients L-glutamine and glucose during activation. We show that cells activated in glucose-depleted conditions are still able to undergo growth and signaling events. In contrast, we show that extracellular L-glutamine is essential for all but the earliest activation events, and cells cultured in L-glutamine-deprived conditions are unable to enter the cell cycle. Consistently, we show that extracellular supplementation of the cell-permeable derivative of a-ketoglutarate (a-KG) is able to rescue cell activation in the absence of glutamine. We also show the induction of the high affinity amino acid transporter ASCT2 is required for glutamine uptake following BCR crosslinking. Specifically, we found that halting glutamine uptake or processing by inhibiting ASCT2 or the glutaminolytic enzyme glutaminase causes activation defects that parallel those observed in glutamine deprived conditions, indicating a requirement for glutaminolysis during the very early stages of activation. Finally, we found that a-KG does not contribute to epigenetic remodeling, but is necessary for mTORC1 activation. In turn, mTORC1 activity is required for upregulation of the glucose transporter Glut1 during activation, as well as increased glucose uptake. These findings indicate a distinct metabolic profile that begins with glutamine uptake, and acts through mTORC1 signaling to later promote glucose uptake.
Weak*-Convergence to Minimum Energy Measure and Dispersed-Dot Halftoning (2014)

In this paper, we investigate a weak*-convergence property of certain sequences of probability measures to an energy-minimizing measure and then derive a simple heuristic algorithm to realize optimal point distributions constrained by a given density function as a nearly minimum energy state. With the derived results, we develop a new dispersed-dot halftoning technique, which achieves uniform distributions of dots while approximating the original image in the weak*-sense.
Cadmium accumulation by a Citrobacter sp. immobilized on gel and solid supports: Applicability to the treatment of liquid wastes containing heavy metal cations (1987)

Polyacrylamide gel-immobilized cells of a Citrobacter sp. removed cadmium from flows supplemented with glycerol 2-phosphate, the metal uptake mechanism being mediated by the activity of a cell-bound phosphatase that precipitates liberated inorganic phosphate with heavy metals at the cell surface. The constraints of elevated flow rate and temperature were investigated and the results discussed in terms of the kinetics of immobilized enzymes. Loss in activity with respect to cadmium accumulation but not inorganic phosphate liberation was observed at acid pH and was attributed to the pH-dependent solubility of cadmium photsphate. Similarly high concentrations of chloride ions, and traces of cyanide inhibited cadmium uptake and this was attributed to the ability of these anions to complex heavy metals, especially the ability of CN(-) to form complex anions with Cd(2+). The data are discussed in terms of the known chemistry of chloride and cyanide-cadmium complexes and the relevance of these factors in the treatment of metal-containing liquid wastes is discussed. The cells immobilized in polyacrylamide provided a convenient small-scale laboratory model system. It was found that the Citrobacter sp. could be immobilized on glass supports with no chemical treatment or modification necessary. Such cells were also effective in metal accumulation and a prototype system more applicable to the treatment of metal-containing streams on a larger scale is described.
Fast image scanning with deep max-pooling convolutional neural networks (2013)

Deep Neural Networks now excel at image classification, detection and segmentation. When used to scan images by means of a sliding window, however, their high computational complexity can bring even the most powerful hardware to its knees. We show how dynamic programming can speedup the process by orders of magnitude, even when max-pooling layers are present.
Genetic variations in angiopoietin and pericyte pathways and clinical outcome in patients with resected colorectal liver metastases (2015)

The current data suggest that variations in genes involved in the angiopoietin and pericyte pathways may be predictive and/or prognostic biomarkers in patients with resected colorectal liver metastases who receive bevacizumab-based chemotherapy.
PPPS-2013: Abstract submission: Optical emission spectral analysis of microplasma discharges in atomic and molecular gases at pressures up to 10 atm (2013)

Summary form only given. High pressure microplasmas are potentially useful as high frequency microswitches due to their high electron densities and rapid switching characteristics. In the process of designing these high frequency microswitches, plasma temperatures are important in determining the lifetime of the microswitch materials. Pure gases and mixtures of He, Ar, H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , and Ne are tested for pressure ranges from 1 atm to 10 atm at electrode gap lengths ranging between 20 μm and 50 μm. Higher pressures allow for smaller discharge diameters with high current densities while still maintaining normal glow discharge characteristics. Optical emission spectra (OES) are collected as a non-intrustive diagnostics. Rotational and vibrational temperatures are measured for the different combinations using the 2nd positive system of N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> . Electron densities are estimated from Stark broadening. Rotational temperatures increase with pressure and range from 500K to 3000K for the various mixtures at 10 atm. In molecular gases a transition to vibrational-rotational equilibrium is observed at higher pressures. Normal glow discharge operating regimes are maintained at high pressures in all the gases. However instabilities are more likely to occur at high pressure when the system capacitance is high. Further testing with the gas combinations will continue in order to determine timing of discharge transients and penning mixture effects.
Comparing Label-Free Biosensors for Pharmacological Screening With Cell-Based Functional Assays (2010)

The diversity and impact of label-free technologies continues to expand in drug discovery. Two classes of label-free instruments, using either an electrical impedance-based or an optical-based biosensor, are now available for investigating the effects of ligands on cellular targets. Studies of GPCR function have been especially prominent with these instruments due to the importance of this target class in drug discovery. Although both classes of biosensors share similar high sensitivity to changes in cell shape and structure, it is unknown whether these biosensors yield similar results when comparing the same GPCR response. Furthermore, since cell morphology changes induced by GPCRs differ depending on which G-protein is activated, there is potential for these instruments to have differential sensitivities to G-protein signaling. Here 1 impedance (CellKey)- and 2 optical-based instruments (BIND and Epic) are compared using Gi-coupled (ACh M2), Gq-coupled (ACh M1), and Gs-coupled (CRF1) receptors. All 3 instruments were robust in agonist and antagonist modes yielding comparable potencies and assay variance. Both the impedance and optical biosensors showed similar high sensitivity for detecting an endogenous D1/D5 receptor response and a melanocortin-4 receptor inverse agonist (agouti-related protein). The impedance-based biosensor was uniquely able to qualitatively distinguish G-protein coupling and reveal dual signaling by CRF1. Finally, responses with a ligand-gated ion channel, TRPV1, were similarly detectable in each instrument. Thus, despite some differences, both impedance- and optical-based platforms offer robust live-cell, label-free assays well suited to drug discovery and typically yield similar pharmacological profiles for GPCR ligands.
The Analysis of Variance (1960)

Originally published in 1959, this classic volume has had a major impact on generations of statisticians. Newly issued in the Wiley Classics Series, the book examines the basic theory of analysis of variance by considering several different mathematical models. Part I looks at the theory of fixed-effects models with independent observations of equal variance, while Part II begins to explore the analysis of variance in the case of other models.
Management of Information Security, 3rd Edition (2010)

Management of Information Security primarily focuses on the managerial aspects of information security, such as access control models, information security governance, and information security program assessment and metrics. Coverage on the foundational and technical components of information security is included to reinforce key concepts. The third edition includes up-to-date information on changes in the field such as revised sections on national and international laws and international standards like the ISO 27000 series. With these updates, Management of Information Security continues to offer a unique overview of information security from a management perspective while maintaining a finger on the pulse of industry changes and academic relevance.
Analysis of sucrose synthase genes in citrus suggests different roles and phylogenetic relationships (2002)

The purpose of this work was 2-fold; first, a molecularuevolutionary characterization of three sucrose synthase genes from citrus, and second, an analysis of their differential expression related to potential physiological function.Three non-allelic genes (CitSUS1, CitSUSA and CitSUS2) encoding sucrose synthase were isolated from citrus fruit (Citrus unshiu Marc.).Phylogenetic analysis from the deduced amino acid sequences showed that CitSUS1 and CitSUS2 could be classified into a dicot group.However, CitSUSA, together with Arabidopsis SSA, sugar beet SS and pea SusA defined another dicot group designated SUSA.Unlike other dicot sucrose synthases, these show a distinctive, monocot-like arrangement of introns and exons.The CitSUS1 and CitSUSA were also differentially expressed in leaf, flower and fruit tissues.Contrasting expression patterns were observed for CitSUS1 and CitSUSA in edible tissue ( juice sacs/segment epidermis) and peel tissue (albedo/flavedo) of fruit: CitSUS1 mRNA levels decreased throughout fruit development, whereas those of CitSUSA increased.Various sugars also influenced the transcript levels of the CitSUS1 and CitSUSA.These results indicate that the CitSUS1 and CitSUSA genes for sucrose synthase in citrus differ markedly in their molecular structure and potential physiological roles.Sucrose synthase activity in edible tissue was high in the early stages and decreased until middeveloment, then rapidly increased during maturation.The increase in activity during maturation paralleled that of sucrose accumulation.This result suggests that sucrose synthase has important roles on sugar metabolism when sucrose is accumulated in fruit.
Preparative capillary zone electrophoresis in combination with off‐line graphite furnace atomic absorption for the analysis of DNA complexes formed by a new aminocoumarine platinum (II) compound (1998)

Calf thymus DNA was incubated in vitro with a new aminocoumarin platinum (II) complex in order to study its interaction with DNA. The platinated DNA was hydrolyzed enzymatically to the 5'-mononucleotide level using DNAase I and nuclease P1. Analysis of the DNA hydrolysate with capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), using sample stacking, revealed the presence of unhydrolyzed oligonucleotides in the platinated DNA. A homemade system, using only some plastic pipet tips, was constructed to collect the oligonucleotide fraction during CZE analysis. The platinum content of this fraction was determined using graphite furnace atomic absorption with Zeeman background correction. This system proved to be a useful tool to detect platinated DNA species (with a quantifiable detection limit for the detection of platinum of 0.78 ng). Subsequent gel filtration experiments confirmed the presence of high molecular weight oligonucleotides that were platinated. This was proven by reversal of the platination using thiourea and subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis to 5'-mononucleotides.
The Subunit b Dimer of the FoF1-ATP Synthase (2004)

We have used site-specific spin-labeling of single cysteine mutations within a water-soluble mutant of subunit b of the ATP synthase and employed electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy to obtain information about the binding interactions of the b dimer with F1-ATPase. Interaction of b2 with a delta-depleted F1 (F1-delta) was also studied. The cysteine mutations used for spin-labeling were distributed throughout the cytosolic domain of the b subunit. In addition, each position between residues 101 and 114 of b was individually mutated to cysteine. All mutants were modified with a cysteine-reactive spin label. The room temperature ESR spectra of spin-labeled b2 in the presence of F1 or F1-delta when compared with the spectra of free b2 indicate a tight binding interaction between b2 and F1. The data suggest that b2 packs tightly to F1 between residues 80 and the C terminus but that there are segments of b2 within that region where packing interactions are quite loose. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis confirmed binding of the modified b mutants to F1-ATPase as well as to F1-delta. Subsequent addition of delta to F1-delta.b2 complex resulted in changes in the ESR spectra, indicating different binding interactions of b to F1 in the presence or absence of delta. The data also suggest that the reconstitution of the ATP synthase is not ordered with respect to these subunits. Additional spectral components observed in b preparations that were spin-labeled between amino acid position 101 and 114 are indicative of either two populations of b subunits with different packing interactions or to helical bending within this region.
Assessment of Retrovirus-Expressed Nucleoprotein as a Vaccine against Lethal Influenza Virus Infections of Chickens (1992)

Hemagglutinin-based influenza vaccines stimulate protection in chickens that is limited to the serotype of the expressed hemagglutinin. To evaluate whether a more highly conserved influenza virus protein might stimulate a broader protective response, the influenza virus nucleoprotein (NP) was introduced into a retroviral vector (mRCAS/NP). NP is an internal influenza virus protein that has been shown to stimulate cytotoxic T-cell responses in influenza-virus-infected mice. Cells infected with mRCAS/NP expressed approximately 10% of the level of NP observed in influenza-virus-infected chicken embryo fibroblasts. Immunocompetent chicks were vaccinated intramuscularly with approximately 1 x 10(5) NP-expressing units of mRCAS/NP. Four weeks later, chicks were bled and challenged with a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (A/Chicken/Victoria/1/85). The NP-expressing vector stimulated an influenza-virus-specific response, as indicated by the presence of antibody to NP, but failed to protect against the lethal challenge.
Automated analysis of geosmin, 2-methyl-isoborneol, 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine, 2-isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine and 2,4,6-trichloroanisole in water by SPME-GC-ITDMS/MS (2011)

This paper describes a method of determining the following compounds in water characterised by complex matrices (raw waters and drinking waters): geosmin, 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB), 2-isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine (IBM), 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine (IPM) and 2,4,6-trichloroanisole (TCA). The method is carried out using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) combined with gas chromatography (GC) and ion trap mass spectrometry (ITMS). Several parameters of extraction and desorption were optimised through the use of a Combi PAL autosampler to automate various tasks (temperature extraction, extraction time, stir speed). Quantities of NaCl and the liquid volume/total volume ratio were also optimised. Double fragmentation (tandem MS/MS) was optimised on the target compounds. The method resulted in good linearity obtained for concentrations of 1 to 100 ng L−1 and provided detection limits of approximately below 1 ng L−1. Good precision (1–8%) was obtained. This method was successfully applied to the analysis of earthy and musty odours in municipal raw source waters with high concentrations of natural organic matter and in the corresponding treated waters. This is the first time MS/MS has been used to analyse odorous compounds in waters destined for human consumption. In addition, the method as developed is simple to use and lends itself to easy interpretation of chromatograms.