gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Atomic ion frequency standards (1991)

The history and status of trapped-ion frequency standards are reviewed. In a trapped-ion frequency standard, the frequency of an oscillator is servoed to a resonance which corresponds to a transition between two energy levels of an atomic ion. The ions are suspended in space by a combination of electric and magnetic fields. In a conventional rubidium cell, the atoms are surrounded by a buffer gas having a pressure of about 10/sup 3/ Pa (approximately 10 torr). In an ion trap, the ions are held either in a vacuum or in a low-pressure buffer gas (less than 10/sup -3/ Pa). In an atomic beam, the atoms also move through a vacuum, without collisions. However, the time available for interaction with the electromagnetic field is limited to their flight time through the apparatus, usually about 10 ms or less. Trapped ions can be observed for much longer periods. Consequently clocks based on ions trapped in electromagnetic fields portend orders-of-magnitude improvement in the development of new frequency standards. Prospects for future standards are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Methyl recycling activities are co-ordinately regulated during plant development (2007)

A large number of compounds including lignin, phospholipids, pectin, DNA, mRNA, and proteins require methyl groups for their functionality. A detailed study of the expression and activities of two enzymes, adenosine kinase (ADK) and S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (SAHH), which are both required for the maintenance and recycling of S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methylation in plants, was carried out. The abundance and tissue localization of ADK and SAHH transcripts and protein were monitored along with their enzyme activities in leaves, stems, buds, siliques, and roots of Arabidopsis. In all but roots and seed coats, the transcript abundance of ADK and SAHH fluctuated co-ordinately, matching changes in their protein and enzyme activities. To evaluate whether this expression pattern was associated with methyl recycling, the protein content and distribution of S-adenosylmethionine synthetase and phosphoethanolamine N-methyltransferase, a key methyltransferase involved in phospholipid synthesis, were investigated. These were found to accumulate in a pattern similar to ADK and SAHH. ADK and SAHH protein and transcript amounts were shown to fluctuate similarly in tissues accumulating lignin. Additionally, the amounts of ADK and SAHH mRNAs were also found at high levels in inflorescence meristems likely to support their higher rates of cell division. Thus, the results point to a co-ordinated and probably transcriptional regulation of these genes in most organs of Arabidopsis; SAHH abundance is distinctly higher in seeds and roots which suggests it may have a non-methyl-related role in these organs.
Durability of radiation‐sterilized polymers, XIII. The effects of nucleating agent on the oxidative degradation of poly(propylene‐co‐ethylene) (1990)

Abstract The radiation stability of the random and block poly(propylene‐co‐ethylene) (CP, copolymer with 6% ethylene units) with and without nucleating agent (NA) was compared in relation to radiation sterilization of medical supplies. In both cases, it was found that the radiation stability of CP in the presence of NA was lower than that of CP without NA. Addition of NA to CP did not improve the transparency but the crystallization occurred at higher temperature. Thus, adding NA to CP has the advantage of shorter moulding time in the production of medical supplies. The radiation instability of the CP with NA was due to a different crystal structure, because the spherulite shape differs from that of CP without NA. Furthermore, by the chemiluminescence analysis, a higher oxidative degradation was observed in the sample with NA.
Effects of condylar fibrocartilage on the biomechanical loading of the human temporomandibular joint in a three-dimensional, nonlinear finite element model (2002)

The present study was undertaken to test a hypothesis that the addition of articular fibrocartilage in the condyle of the temporomandibular joint reduces three-dimensional stress distribution in the condyle, the disc and articular eminence. A three-dimensional, nonlinear finite-element model was developed for analysis of joint loading before and after the addition of condylar fibrocartilage to the osseous mandibular condyle reconstructed from spiral computer topography data. In the model, each of the disc, condyle and articular eminence was arbitrarily divided into five regions: the anterior, posterior, medial, lateral and central. Von Mises stresses that in virtually all regions of the disc, condyle and articular eminence became lower after the addition of condylar fibrocartilage. Especially remarkable was the approximately four-fold reduction in von Mises stresses in the anterior, central and medial regions of the mandibular condyle. In comparison, only slight to moderate stress reductions occurred in the disc and articular eminence, suggesting that condylar fibrocartilage absorbs considerable stresses and likely dampens more loads than the disc and articular eminence. The mandibular condyle demonstrated the largest total displacement in all directions after the addition of articular fibrocartilage, followed by the disc and articular eminence. We conclude that the addition of articular fibrocartilage primarily reduces loading of the mandibular condyle, rather than the disc and articular eminence. These findings lead to a hypothesis that the mandibular condyle more likely functions as a shock absorber than the disc.
A Passive Multi-Channel Brain Implant for Wireless Neuropotential Monitoring (2018)

A passive, wireless and batteryless multi-channel (8 channels) brain implant is proposed with the following unique features: a) 28 times better sensitivity, b) 2 times smaller footprint, and c) scalability to 100s or even 1000s of channels. To verify the operation within biological tissues, in-vitro measurements are presented using fresh pig skin. Experimental results show that the proposed neuro-sensing system exhibits 20 μV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">pp</sub> sensivity at all channels. That is, it can record any signal generated by the human brain. Overall, this technology brings forward transformational opportunities for patients with epilepsy, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.
Antimicrobial polymers - The antibacterial effect of photoactivated nano titanium dioxide polymer composites (2014)

To obtain a polymer with antimicrobial properties for medical and sanitary applications nanoscale titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) particles have been incorporated into a medical grade polypropylene (PP) matrix with various filler contents (0 wt %, 2 wt %, 10 wt % and 15 wt %). The standard application of TiO 2 for antimicrobial efficacy is to deposit a thin TiO 2 coating on the surface. In contrast to the common way of applying a coating, TiO 2 particles were applied into the bulk polymer. With this design we want to ensure antimicrobial properties even after application of impact effects that could lead to surface defects. The filler material (Aeroxide TiO 2 P25, Evonik) was applied via melt compounding and the compounding parameters were optimized with respect to nanoscale titanium dioxide. In a next step the effect of UV-irradiation on the compounds concerning their photocatalytic activity, which is related to the titanium dioxide amount, was investigated. The photocatalytic effect of TiO 2 -PP-composites was analyzed by contact angle measurement, by methylene blue testing and by evaluation of inactivation potential for Escherichia coli (E.coli) bacteria. The dependence of antimicrobial activity on the filler content was evaluated, and on the basis of different titanium dioxide fractions adequate amounts of additives within the compounds were discussed. Specimens displayed a higher photocatalytic and also antimicrobial activity and lower contact angles with increasing titania content. The results suggest that the presence of titania embedded in the PP matrix leads to a surface change and a photocatalytic effect with bacteria killing result.
Synthesis, structure and photoluminescence properties of Ce3+-doped SrSc2O4: a new scandate green-emitting phosphor with blue excitation (2017)

Novel Ce<sup>3+</sup>-doped SrSc<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> phosphors were synthesized <italic>via</italic> a solid state method.
Towards an inhomogeneous SAFT-VR free-energy functional with the Fundamental-Measure Theory (2017)

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Proliferation of human malignant hematopoietic cells in immunodeficient mice: suppression by antibody to pluripotent K-562 leukemia cells involves direct cytolysis and effector cells (1983)

Six human hematopoetic cell lines were successfully heterotransplanted into athymic (nude) and asplenic-athymic (lasat) neonatal mice. The tumors arising from leukemia and lymphoma cells could then be serially transplanted into adult nude mice. Seven days after the fourth serial mouse passage, each mouse was treated with goat immune gamma globulin against K-562 cells. One control group was treated similarly, but with nonimmune (normal) gamma globulin, while another control group was not treated. The goat gamma globulin was not toxic for nude and lasat mice, and the immune, but not the normal, gamma globulin suppressed local subcutaneous growth of myelosarcomas, lymphosarcomas, and Burkitt lymphoma cells. On the other hand, the growth of lung, breast, and prostatic carcinomas and a melanoma of human origin were not altered by the immune gamma globulin. Since suppression of cell growth occurred equally well in decomplemented mice, a complement-mediated cytotoxicity apparently cannot be considered as responsible for the abrogation. The Fab fragment of the immunoglobulin did not suppress the growth of the myelosarcomas. We conclude that antibody suppression of the in vivo proliferation was specific for malignant hematopoietic cells and that the Fc portion of IgG is necessary for in vivo cytolysis of leukemia cells. The most probable mechanisms are direct antibody cytolysis and antibody-dependent macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity.
Hybrid Watch User Interfaces (2018)

We introduce programmable material and electro-mechanical control to enable a set of hybrid watch user interfaces that symbiotically leverage the joint strengths of electro-mechanical hands and a dynamic watch dial. This approach enables computation and connectivity with existing materials to preserve the inherent physical qualities and abilities of traditional analog watches. We augment the watch's mechanical hands with micro-stepper motors for control, positioning and mechanical expressivity. We extend the traditional watch dial with programmable pigments for non-emissive dynamic patterns. Together, these components enable a unique set of interaction techniques and user interfaces beyond their individual capabilities.
Primitive human hematopoietic progenitors adhere to P-selectin (CD62P) (1995)

P-selectin was shown to bind committed human hematopoietic progenitors (colony-forming unit-granulocyte-macrophage [CFU-GM] and burst-forming unit-erythroid [BFU-E]) as identified by their expression of the CD34 antigen and by in vitro clonogenic assays. In addition, P-selectin bound all precursors (pre-CFU) of committed myeloid progenitors assayed by their ability to sustain hematopoiesis in both conventional stroma-containing and stroma-free, cytokine-dependent systems. Binding of CD34+ cells to P-selectin was temperature-independent and shear-resistant, occurred only in the presence of divalent cations, was protease sensitive, and was completely blocked by anti-P-selectin antibody. Neuraminidase treatment of CD34+ cells completely abrogated their binding to P-selectin, implying a prominent role for sialic acid in the structure and function of the P-selectin ligand on hematopoietic progenitors. Monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) CSLEX-1 and HECA-452, which identify carbohydrate epitopes involving sialic acid, bound to 33% and 35% of CD34+ cells, respectively, and included the majority of CFU-GM and pre-CFU. Three-color flow cytometric analysis showed a precise codistribution of CSLEX-1 and HECA-452 antigens on CD34+ cells, implying recognition of the same glycoprotein antigen by the two MoAbs. Treatment of CD34+ cells with neuraminidase completely abolished binding of both MoAbs. In addition, HECA-452 partially blocked the adhesion of CD34+ cells to P-selectin. P-selectin glycoprotein ligand (PSGL-1), recently molecularly cloned from the promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL60, was expressed by CD34+ cells as determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Combined with the functional and biochemical characteristics, these data suggest that PSGL-1 may comprise an important P-selectin ligand expressed by primitive hematopoietic cells, but do not preclude the existence of additional P-selectin ligands on these cells.
Spectral Engineering of Photonic Filters Based on Mode Splitting in Self-Coupled Silicon Nanowire Waveguides (2019)

We investigate mode splitting in integrated standing-wave resonators formed by self-coupled silicon nanowire waveguides. By changing coupling strengths of the directional couplers and phase shifts along the connecting waveguides, rich filtering characteristics for spectral engineering are experimentally achieved and show good agreement with theory.
Effects of firing conditions on thick-film PTC thermistor characteristics in LTCC technology (2004)

Thick film resistors are prepared as pastes, which are screen-printed and fired on dielectric substrates such as alumina and widely used in hybrid circuits. The final resistor properties are mostly influenced by the firing conditions and the interactions between the elements in the substrate and the resistor. In this study, conductor – resistor (PTC thermistor) pairs of selected compositions of different chemical origin are post fired on low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) and alumina substrates, the latter being considered as the reference. The effects of firing temperatures on main thermistor characteristics such as temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR), standard deviation of TCR and non-linearity are presented and discussed.
A Low-Noise 40-GS/s Continuous-Time Bandpass $\Delta\Sigma$ ADC Centered at 2 GHz for Direct Sampling Receivers (2007)

This paper presents a 40-GS/s continuous-time bandpass DeltaSigma analog-to-digital converter centered at 2 GHz for wireless base station applications. The ADC consists of a fourth-order loop with multiple feedback and is designed entirely in the s-domain. The circuit achieves an SNDR of 55 dB and 52 dB over bandwidths of 60 MHz and 120 MHz, respectively, and an SFDR of 61dB with a single-ended IIP3 of +4 dBm. The center frequency is tunable from 1.8 to 2 GHz. It employs a G <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> -LC <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">VAR</sub> filter based on a MOS-HBT cascode transconductor with an NFMIN of 2.29 dB. The entire circuit is implemented in a 130-nm SiGe BiCMOS technology with 150-GHz f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> SiGe HBT and dissipates 1.6 W from a 2.5-V supply
Generative mixture of networks (2017)

A generative model based on training deep architectures is proposed. The model consists of K networks that are trained together to learn the underlying distribution of a given data set. The process starts with dividing the input data into K clusters and feeding each of them into a separate network. After few iterations of training networks separately, we use an EM-like algorithm to train the networks together and update the clusters of the data. We call this model Mixture of Networks. The provided model is a platform that can be used for any deep structure and be trained by any conventional objective function for distribution modeling. As the components of the model are neural networks, it has high capability in characterizing complicated data distributions as well as clustering data. We apply the algorithm on MNIST hand-written digits and Yale face datasets. We also demonstrate the clustering ability of the model using some real-world and toy examples.
Selective Oxidation of Hydrogen in Carbon Monoxide/Air Streams. Application to Environmental Monitoring (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelective Oxidation of Hydrogen in Carbon Monoxide/Air Streams. Application to Environmental MonitoringJ. R. Stetter and K. F. BlurtonCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1977, 16, 1, 22–25Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i360061a004https://doi.org/10.1021/i360061a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views70Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Microbial carbohydrate depolymerization by antigen-presenting cells: Deamination prior to presentation by the MHCII pathway (2008)

After uptake by the endosome of an antigen-presenting cell (APC), exogenous proteins are known to be degraded into peptides by protease digestion. Here, we report the mechanism by which pure carbohydrates can be depolymerized within APC endosomes/lysosomes by nitric oxide (NO)-derived reactive nitrogen species (RNSs) and/or superoxide-derived reactive oxygen species (ROSs). Earlier studies showed that depolymerization of polysaccharide A (PSA) from Bacteroides fragilis in the endosome depends on the APC's having an intact inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene; the chemical mechanism underlying depolymerization of a carbohydrate within the endosome/lysosome is described here. Examining the ability of the major RNSs to degrade PSA, we determined that deamination is the predominant mechanism for PSA processing in APCs and is a required step in PSA presentation to CD4(+) T cells by MHCII molecules. Structural characterization of the NO-derived product PSA-NO indicates that partial deaminative depolymerization does not alter the zwitterionic nature of PSA. Unlike native PSA, PSA-NO is presented by iNOS-deficient APCs to induce CD4(+) T cell proliferation. Furthermore, metabolically active APCs are required for PSA-NO presentation. In contrast to PSA degradation by RNSs, dextran depolymerization in the endosome depends on ROSs, including hydrogen peroxide- and superoxide-derived ROSs. This study provides evidence that MHCII pathway-mediated carbohydrate antigen processing in APCs is achieved by chemical reactions. RNSs and ROSs may be involved in the presentation of glycopeptides by MHC molecules via the processing of other carbohydrate-containing antigens, such as bacterial or viral glycoproteins or glycoconjugate vaccines.
Screening, expression and characterization of scarabcidal crystal protein from a strain (MHB11.3) of Bacillus thuringiensis serovar galleriae in Vietnam (2013)

Bacillus thuringiensis&nbsp;strains were isolated from&nbsp;sugarcane&nbsp;farming soil&nbsp;in three provinces of northern Vietnam. Of these, 24 strains were identified as serotype H5a, 5b,&nbsp;B. thuringiensis&nbsp;serovar&nbsp;galleriae. A strain, namely MHB11.3 (deposited in GenBank: FN796428) belonging to the serovar&nbsp;galleriae, was highly toxic to larvae of the&nbsp;scarab beetles,&nbsp;Anomala cuprea&nbsp;and&nbsp;Cotinis&nbsp;nitida&nbsp;(Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). A 2-kb DNA fragment, obtained by PCR from the strain MHB11.3 using&nbsp;cry8&nbsp;specific primers, namelycry8Dat&nbsp;(truncated&nbsp;cry8Da&nbsp;gene), was cloned and expressed in&nbsp;Escherichia&nbsp;coli. The sequence of the&nbsp;cry8Dat&nbsp;from&nbsp;B. thuringiensis&nbsp;serovar&nbsp;galleriae&nbsp;MHB11.3 showed almost complete identity (99%) to that of&nbsp;B. thuringiensis&nbsp;serovar&nbsp;galleriae&nbsp;SDS502 (GenBank: AB089299), differs only by two nucleotides (positions A26G; A1493T), leading to 2 amino acid changes (Y9C and N498I). The recombinant protein pET32a(+)-Cry8Dat of&nbsp;96 kDa molecular weight was purified by Ni(2+)&nbsp;affinity chromatography. This polypeptide was tested to be toxic to&nbsp;A. cuprea&nbsp;and&nbsp;C.&nbsp;nitida. The amino acid change (Y9C) is located in a region responsible for the host specificity of the Cry8Da toxin.&nbsp;The strain&nbsp;B. thuringiensisserovar&nbsp;galleriae&nbsp;MHB11.3 harboring&nbsp;cry8Da&nbsp;gene as characterized in this study is a promising candidate as a biopesticide and suggested as an important genetic material for gene transfer into sugarcane for scarab beetle control. &nbsp; Key words:&nbsp;Bacillus thuringiensis&nbsp;serovar&nbsp;galleriae,&nbsp;Coleoptera,&nbsp;cry8Da gene,&nbsp;Anomala cuprea,&nbsp;Cotinis nitida.
Finite-element analysis of rotor stability in an axial-drive micromotor (1994)

The effect of axial electrostatic forces on the rotor deflection of an axial-drive double-stator micromotor is studied with respect to the limits of stability against elastic rotor collapse using the finite-element method (FEM). Forces obtained from an electrostatic FE model have been applied to a structural FE model using the indirect coupled-field analysis approach. This technique may be applied to other MEMS structures with conducting components. A technical description is given of the design and the fabrication process of the axial-drive double-stator micromotor investigated. Two different axial rotor supports (bearing and bushing) are investigated. The results are discussed as a function of the applied voltage and rotor thickness considering polysilicon and aluminium as possible rotor materials. The effects on the stability of the rotor of supporting the rotor with an additional bushing, and of increasing the rotor thickness, are investigated quantitatively.
DFT-based force field development for noble gas adsorption in metal organic frameworks (2015)

Density functional theory (DFT) based force fields (FFs) for Ar and Xe adsorption in M-MOF-74 (M = Co, Ni, Zn, Mg), ZIF-8 and HKUST-1 were developed using three DFT functionals (PBE-D2, vdW-DF, vdW-DF2) in periodic systems.
Frontispiece: Synthetic Approaches for 15N‐Labeled Hyperpolarized Heterocyclic Molecular Imaging Agents for 15N NMR Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange in Microtesla Magnetic Fields (2021)

Signal amplification by reversible exchange enables efficient nitrogen-15 hyperpolarization of a wide range of bio-compatible substrates by using microtesla magnetic fields. This process is enabled by simulatenous exchange of parahydrogen (the source of polarization) and the N-containing biocompatible molecule to be hyperpolarized. Selected advances in the 15N enrichment of pyridine and imidazole derivatives that can potentially be employed as novel molecular contrast agents are summarized in the Minireview by N. V. Chukanov, E. Y. Chekmenev et al. on page 9727 ff.