gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of mouse lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase 3: an enzyme with dual functions in the testis (2008)

Glycerophospholipids are structural and functional components of cellular membranes as well as precursors of various lipid mediators. Using acyl-CoAs as donors, glycerophospholipids are formed by the de novo pathway (Kennedy pathway) and modified in the remodeling pathway (Lands' cycle). Various acyltransferases, including two lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferases (LPAATs), have been discovered from a 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase (AGPAT) family. Proteins of this family contain putative acyltransferase motifs, but their biochemical properties and physiological roles are not completely understood. Here, we demonstrated that mouse LPAAT3, previously known as mouse AGPAT3, possesses strong LPAAT activity and modest lysophosphatidylinositol acyltransferase activity with a clear preference for arachidonoyl-CoA as a donor. This enzyme is highly expressed in the testis, where CDP-diacylglycerol synthase 1 preferring 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-phosphatidic acid as a substrate is also highly expressed. Since 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl species are the main components of phosphatidylinositol, mouse LPAAT3 may function in both the de novo and remodeling pathways and contribute to effective biogenesis of 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-phosphatidylinositol in the testis. Additionally, the expression of this enzyme in the testis increases significantly in an age-dependent manner, and beta-estradiol may be an important regulator of this enzyme's induction. Our findings identify this acyltransferase as an alternative important enzyme to produce phosphatidylinositol in the testis.
A wireless body measurement system to study fatigue in multiple sclerosis (2012)

Fatigue is reported as the most common symptom by patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). The physiological and functional parameters related to fatigue in MS patients are currently not well established. A new wearable wireless body measurement system, named Fatigue Monitoring System (FAMOS), was developed to study fatigue in MS. It can continuously measure electrocardiogram, body-skin temperature, electromyogram and motions of feet. The goal of this study is to test the ability of distinguishing fatigued MS patients from healthy subjects by the use of FAMOS. This paper presents the realization of the measurement system including the design of both hardware and dedicated signal processing algorithms. Twenty-six participants including 17 MS patients with fatigue and 9 sex- and age-matched healthy controls were included in the study for continuous 24 h monitoring. The preliminary results show significant differences between fatigued MS patients and healthy controls. In conclusion, the FAMOS enables continuous data acquisition and estimation of multiple physiological and functional parameters. It provides a new, flexible and objective approach to study fatigue in MS, which can distinguish between fatigued MS patients and healthy controls. The usability and reliability of the FAMOS should however be further improved and validated through larger clinical trials.
Investigation of multipactor effect in microwave components in the presence of fringing fields (2014)

As part of the EVEREST project of ESA, we implemented in CST Particle Studio™ models of different microwave samples for L- and Ku- bands to investigate the Multipactor effect in the presence of the fringing fields. Using a diversity of Secondary Electron Yield (SEY) data provided from different measurement facilities along with the available ECSS standards, cross validation is examined between the simulation Multipactor results and thresholds achieved by the measurement activity. This study is important in determining the source of inconsistency between both activities. It also provides the possibility to update the existent Multipactor chart for fringing field structures. The convergence studies to acquire accurate numerical results are also presented.
Surface Modification of Pure Magnesium and Magnesium Alloy AZ91 by Friction Stir Processing (2015)

In recent years an interest in magnesium and magnesium alloys not only for the automotive industry but also for medical applications was increasing due to the low density and good specific strength. Magnesium alloys show good castability but lower ductility and strength than wrought materials. For this reason, refinement of grains and homogenous distribution of intermetallic phases are needed to improve formability and mechanical properties. On the other hand, the degradation of the material by corrosion is influenced by the grain size and phase distribution. This work investigates the microstructure evolution of pure Mg and magnesium alloy AZ91 by friction stir processing (FSP) technique. FSP experiments are carried out by constant force, optimizing the rotation and feed rate to obtain a homogenous microstructure, free of defects stir zone, good surface finishing and stable conditions during the process. The results show that the grain size is affected by the spindle speed. Increasing the number of passes reduces also the size of the grains and the intermetallic phases in the AZ91 alloy. The overlapping of passes between overlapping ratio 0.5 to 1 determines an uniform depth of the stir zone over a larger surface area.Hardness measurements are performed to evaluate the influence of FSP parameters on the mechanical properties. The degradation rate of the studied FSP Mg alloys is determined by hydrogen evolution in corrosion immersion tests, which depend strongly on the phase distribution and grain size.
Unique metabolic activation of adipose tissue macrophages in obesity promotes inflammatory responses (2018)

Microarray data of ATMs isolated from obese or lean mice have been submitted to the Gene Expression Omnibus (accession no. GSE84000).
FUNDAMENTAL PROPERTIES OF ASPHALTS AND MODIFIED ASPHALTS, VOLUME I: INTERPRETIVE REPORT (2001)

The Superpave binder specification developed during the Strategic Highway Research Program (SHR)) from 1987-1993 classifies construction grade asphalts into rheologically similar groups. All asphalts in a given grade have the same rheological properties to within 6 deg C. The mission of this project was to improve the understanding of the expected performance of petroleum asphalts under service conditions. These conditions include physical behavior of thin asphalt films in contact with aggregate, rheology and oxidative aging of wet asphalt, behavior of asphalt after extended aging, and propensity of asphalt films to reconsolidate (heal) after microcracking. These phenomena are not described by the current binder specification. The results of said exposures are included in this document and have been used to produce a comprehensive chemical model of petroleum asphalt. Finally, the results have been used to develop new analytical methods that improve the capability to predict performance of asphalt in roadway service. These 16 new tests are described in Volume II of this report.
A practical comparison between time-domain and frequency-domain diffusive optical imaging systems (2002)

Given either a finite number of time gates or a small number of RF frequencies, we examine which system design yields the maximum usable information for diffusive optical tomography in both transmissive and reflective geometries.
Judgmental Standard Setting: The Development of Objective Content and Performance Standards for Secondary-Level Solo Instrumental Music Assessment (2018)

The purpose of this study was to describe the development of content and performance standards for a rubric to evaluate secondary-level solo instrumental music performance using a modified bookmark standard setting procedure. The research questions that guided this study include (1) What are the psychometric qualities of a rubric to evaluate secondary-level solo instrumental music performance? (2) What is the quality of ratings obtained for the standard-setting panel of subject matter expert judges? (3) What cut scores best categorize secondary-level solo instrumental performances into four performance levels across the latent performance achievement variable? and (4) What content mastery of items best categorizes achievement in secondary-level solo music performance at each of the four performance levels? A panel of eight subject matter experts participated in the study. A 30-item rubric was used to collect the judging panel’s observed responses. The collected responses were transformed to linear measures using the multifaceted Rasch partial credit model. The bookmark procedure resulted in the setting of three cut points representing minimum pass levels on a latent continuum differentiating between four performance achievement levels (rudimentary, emerging, proficient, and exemplary) with clearly defined content standards. Implications for opportunity to learn are discussed.
Stabilization Affects on the NiOOH Electrode Through the Influences of Conductive Carbons and Graphites (2006)

Abstract not Available.
Structural and Functional Organization of the Gene Encoding the Human Thyrotropin‐Releasing Hormone Receptor (1999)

The thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) receptor (TRHR) is widely distributed throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems. In addition to its role in controlling the synthesis and secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone and prolactin from the anterior pituitary, TRH is believed to act as a neurotransmitter as well as a neuromodulator. We have isolated genomic lambda and P1-derived artificial chromosome clones encoding the human TRHR. The gene was found to be 35 kb with three exons and two introns. A 541-bp intron 1 (-629 to -89 relative to the translation start site) is conserved between human and mouse. A large intron 2 of 31 kb disrupts the open reading frame (starting in position +790) in the sequence encoding the supposed junction between the third intracellular loop and the putative sixth transmembrane domain. A similar intron was found in chimpanzee and sheep but not in rat and mouse. Promoter analysis of upstream regions demonstrated cell type-specific reporter activation, and sequencing of 2.5 kb of the promoter revealed putative cis-acting regulatory elements for several transcription factors that may contribute to the regulation of the TRHR gene expression. Functional analysis of potential response elements for the anterior pituitary-specific transcription factor Pit-1 revealed cell type-specific binding that was competed out with a Pit-1 response element from the GH gene promoter.
Online speed optimization for sailing yachts using extremum seeking (2012)

This paper briefly presents the main points on the development and testing of an extremum seeking controller used to maximize the longitudinal velocity of surface sailing vehicles by changing the angle of the sail. The algorithm is suitable for sailing purposes since it requires only the measurements of the vehicle's velocity and the sail angle. As an illustration, we present a few simulation results on our previously-obtained sailing yacht simulator, which was developed based on a 4 DOF nonlinear dynamic model for surface sailing vehicles, showing that the proposed extremum seeking controller is capable of maximizing the sailing yacht's speed performance through online sail tuning. Furthermore, the proposed sail optimization algorithm is tested at sea on an experimental platform, i.e. a small scale autonomous sailboat, illustrating the potential of the controller.
Nanoparticules mono- ou bimétalliques à base de nickel ou de palladium : de leur structure à leur activité catalytique (2000)

Les travaux decrits dans ce memoire concernent la mise au point de nouveaux reactifs bimetalliques a base de nickel ou de palladium ainsi que la mise en evidence d'une correlation directe entre la reactivite et la morphologie ou la structure de ces systemes. Il est montre que les systemes ni, prepares dans des conditions douces et en solvant organique a partir d'hydrure de sodium, d'un alcoolate activant et d'un sel de nickel, sont constitues de clusters de nickel (0) de taille moyenne 0,8 nanometre entoures d'une matrice organique. A l'issue de la preparation, ces particules se trouvent dans une structure hexagonale compacte inhabituelle pour les clusters de nickel. Il a ete montre que ces particules sont plus reactives que les clusters de nickel classique de structure cubique faces centrees dans la reaction d'hydrogenation du styrene sous pression normale et a temperature ambiante. Il a ete egalement montre qu'en chauffant un systeme ni pendant vingt heures apres sa preparation, il est possible d'observer une transition structurale hexagonale compacte - structure fautee (proche d'une structure cubique faces centrees) et une augmentation considerable d'activite catalytique. Dans une seconde partie, deux protocoles complementaires de preparation de systemes bimetalliques ont ete developpes. Ils permettent d'acceder a des systemes ni x-al y, ni x-fe y, pd x-al y et pd-cu. La stabilite remarquable de ces entites bimetalliques, de taille subnanometrique et structuralement homogene, est due a la formation spontanee ou induite d'une matrice inorganique d'oxyde d'aluminium, de fer ou de cuivre. Par ailleurs, il a ete montre que les systemes bimetalliques presentent generalement une activite catalytique tres superieure a celle des systemes monometalliques correspondant. L'interet des systemes bimetalliques a en outre ete demontre dans des reactions de reduction ou de couplage catalytique de derives halogenes.
New Strategies in Image Processing for Standardized Intaglio Quality Analysis in the Printing Process (2014)

In the framework of the paper a new approach for Intaglio quality measurement is described. The first part of the paper sums up all necessary information about Intaglio printing for banknotes. In the second part a new approach is presented which takes into account the human analysis behaviour in quality measurement for Intaglio. We specify a concept to generate a mathematical model for the description of typical Intaglio flaws. Following, a method of flaw classification is described. Our findings and measurements show promising results.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Metal‐Free Cross‐Coupling of Quinoline N‐Oxides with Boronic Acids. (2015)

Abstract A novel and simple one‐step C—H bond functionalization of a wide range of quinoline N‐oxides to the corresponding 2‐substituted quinolines under external oxidant‐ and metal‐free conditions is developed.
Recent progress of radiated two stage method for MIMO OTA measurement (2018)

This paper firstly introduces the RTS method theory foundations, and then proposed the recent progress on the standardizations in the Cellular Telecommunication and Internet Association MIMO OTA test standard.
X-Ray Computed Tomography Inspection of the Stardust Heat Shield (2010)

The heat shield, composed of a PICA (Phenolic Impregnated Carbon Ablator) Thermal Protection System (TPS), bonded to a composite aeroshell, contains important features which chronicle its time in space as well as re-entry. To guide the further study of the Stardust heat shield, NASA reviewed a number of techniques for inspection of the article. The goals of the inspection were: 1) to establish the material characteristics of the shield and shield components, 2) record the dimensions of shield components and assembly as compared with the pre-flight condition, 3) provide flight infonnation for validation and verification of the FIAT ablation code and PICA material property model and 4) through the evaluation of the shield material provide input to future missions which employ similar materials. Industrial X-Ray Computed Tomography (CT) is a 3D inspection technology which can provide infonnation on material integrity, material properties (density) and dimensional measurements of the heat shield components. Computed tomographic volumetric inspections can generate a dimensionally correct, quantitatively accurate volume of the shield assembly. Because of the capabilities offered by X-ray CT, NASA chose to use this method to evaluate the Stardust heat shield. Personnel at NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) and Lawrence Livermore National Labs (LLNL) recently performed a full scan of the Stardust heat shield using a newly installed X-ray CT system at JSC. This paper briefly discusses the technology used and then presents the following results: 1. CT scans derived dimensions and their comparisons with as-built dimensions anchored with data obtained from samples cut from the heat shield; 2. Measured density variation, char layer thickness, recession and bond line (the adhesive layer between the PICA and the aeroshell) integrity; 3. FIAT predicted recession, density and char layer profiles as well as bondline temperatures Finally suggestions are made as to future uses of this technology as a tool for non-destructively inspecting and verifying both pre and post flight heat shields.
Interaction of virulent Mycoplasma pneumoniae with hamster tracheal organ cultures (1976)

Exposure of hamster tracheal organ cultures to virulent Mycoplasma pneumoniae leads to alterations in ribonucleic acid (RNA) and protein biosynthesis and metabolism of the respiratory epithelium. An examination of the turnover rates of RNA and protein in infected tracheal organ cultures indicates that the rates of degradation of both prelabeled host cell RNA and protein are similar to those of uninfected controls. Infected tracheal organ cultures shifted to a nonpermissive medium within 24 h after infection and further incubated in the nonpermissive medium for 72 or 96 h behaved as normal uninfected cultures in terms of metabolic precursor uptake. Under these conditions, mycoplasmas remained attached to the respiratory epithelium. Cell membranes prepared from virulent mycoplasmas by several procedures neither attached to nor altered the metabolic activity of tracheal cultures. These data indicate that the intimate contact between virulent mycoplasmas and the respiratory epithelium does not alone account for the subsequent interruption of host cell metabolism but must be accompanied by continued multiplication and biochemical function of attached mycoplasmas.
Core-level and valence-band electron states in Zr-based bulk metallic glass (2009)

A Zr-based bulk metallic glass of Zr70Ni20Al10 has an excellent glass-forming ability (GFA), and can form a massive bulk glass by simple water-quenching. In order to clarify the role of electronic structure in this excellent GFA of Zr70Ni20Al10 glass by comparing to the Zr70Ni30 reference glass, having a worse GFA, valence-band photoemission spectra were measured with changing the incident photon energy using synchrotron radiation at BL7 of HiSOR. We have also measured Ni 3p, Zr 3d and Zr 4p core-level photoemission spectra of the Zr70Ni20Al10 glass, and compared them to those of the Zr70Ni30 reference glass. The shifts of the binding energies in every core-level are observed, indicating changes of the chemical nature by replacing the Ni atoms with Al atoms.
Structural and chemical analysis of gadolinium halides encapsulated within WS2nanotubes (2016)

The hollow cavities of nanotubes serve as templates for the growth of size- and shape-confined functional nanostructures, giving rise to novel materials and properties. In this work, considering their potential application as MRI contrast agents, gadolinium halides are encapsulated within the hollow cavities of WS2 nanotubes by capillary filling to obtain GdX3@WS2 nanotubes (where X = Cl, Br or I and @ means encapsulated in). Aberration corrected scanning/transmission electron microscopy (S/TEM) and spectroscopy is employed to understand the morphology and composition of the GdI3@WS2 nanotubes. The three dimensional morphology is studied with STEM tomography but understanding the compositional information is non-trivial due to the presence of multiple high atomic number elements. Therefore, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) tomography was employed revealing the three dimensional chemical composition. Molecular dynamics simulations of the filling procedure shed light into the mechanics behind the formation of the confined gadolinium halide crystals. The quasi-1D system employed here serves as an example of a TEM-based chemical nanotomography method that could be extended to other materials, including beam-sensitive soft materials.
Optimization Aspects of the Reflector Antenna for the Digital Beam-Forming SAR System (2010)

The digital-beam forming (DBF) SAR system utilizing a reflector antenna is a novel concept allowing better performance while being of a lower complexity level compared to the system based on a planar antenna. However the reflector based DBF SAR is still a complex system which has a number of performance parameters and characteristics influenced by the antenna design. This paper discusses a relation between reflector antenna design options and an overall performance of the DBF SAR system. As a result the performance parameters of the systems based on the considered antenna configurations are compared.
High‐throughput knock‐in coupling gene targeting with the HPRT minigene and Cre‐mediated recombination (2008)

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may influence protein function possibly contributing to phenotype; yet, for most SNPs their potential influence is unknown. Here, we present a technique in mouse embryonic stem cells that enables high-throughput knock-in (the placement of coding sequences adjacent to a specific endogenous promoter). Our methodology utilizes gene targeting with a combination of two selection cassettes (SAbetageo and the HPRT minigene) along with site-specific recombinases (Cre/loxP and FLP/FRT) to efficiently introduce multiple DNA sequences, including enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP), adjacent to the DNA topoisomerase 3beta (Top3beta) promoter. This technology enables rapid and efficient introduction of DNA sequences to a specific location and advances high-throughput analysis of many SNPs with control for expression and genetic background.
Use of high gain FEC to counteract XPM in metro networks combining 40G coherent DP-QPSK and 10G OOK channels (2012)

We present real-time experimental results using high-overhead, high-gain FEC to overcome impairments caused by XPM in dispersion-compensated metro/regional WDM networks that combine 10G OOK and 40G DP-QPSK channels.
Parallelizing sequential applications on commodity hardware using a low-cost software transactional memory (2009)

Multicore designs have emerged as the mainstream design paradigm for the microprocessor industry. Unfortunately, providing multiple cores does not directly translate into performance for most applications. The industry has already fallen short of the decades-old performance trend of doubling performance every 18 months. An attractive approach for exploiting multiple cores is to rely on tools, both compilers and runtime optimizers, to automatically extract threads from sequential applications. However, despite decades of research on automatic parallelization, most techniques are only effective in the scientific and data parallel domains where array dominated codes can be precisely analyzed by the compiler. Thread-level speculation offers the opportunity to expand parallelization to general-purpose programs, but at the cost of expensive hardware support. In this paper, we focus on providing low-overhead software support for exploiting speculative parallelism. We propose STMlite, a light-weight software transactional memory model that is customized to facilitate profile-guided automatic loop parallelization. STMlite eliminates a considerable amount of checking and locking overhead in conventional software transactional memory models by decoupling the commit phase from main transaction execution. Further, strong atomicity requirements for generic transactional memories are unnecessary within a stylized automatic parallelization framework. STMlite enables sequential applications to extract meaningful performance gains on commodity multicore hardware.