gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A National Survey on use and perceived usefulness of the Irish COVID Tracker contact tracing App (Preprint) (2021)

<sec> <title>BACKGROUND</title> Novel software applications (“Apps”) that can potentially simplify the laborious work of manual contact tracing during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic are a tempting prospect. Given this potential, many countries have designed, developed and deployed Apps before their efficacy has been established. The Irish health service launched the “COVID Tracker” App on the 7th July 2020 and 8 months later it is being used by 35% of those over 16 in Ireland. </sec> <sec> <title>OBJECTIVE</title> Conduct a national survey with a large sample of the Irish population to gather public opinion of the COVID Tracker App and its contribution to the national COVID-19 response. </sec> <sec> <title>METHODS</title> A 37-item questionnaire deployed online for 10 days in early October 2020. </sec> <sec> <title>RESULTS</title> There were 2,889 complete responses to the survey. Responses were received from all 26 counties in the Republic of Ireland and the cohort was younger, more female-predominant and had higher educational attainment than the population. Of the 2,889 respondents, 2,741 (95%) had downloaded the App at some point, while 2,553 (88%) were still using it. For the 188 respondents who had stopped using the App, 116 respondents (62%) reported battery related concerns. For the 2,741 participants who had downloaded the App at some point, 2,374 (87%) reported the App was easy to use and 2,250 (82%) agreed it looked professional and of high quality. Regarding the main function of the App, 2,333 (81%) felt this was clear, and 92% of these App users stated the main function was to assist contact tracing. Overall, 1,265 (44%) respondents stated they believe the App is helping the national effort, while 1,089 (38%) were unsure. Younger respondents, female respondents, those in low-risk groups and those less worried about COVID-19 and were more negative about the clarity of the App’s main function and its usefulness. </sec> <sec> <title>CONCLUSIONS</title> Contact tracing Apps have the potential to augment traditional contact tracing methods. Our research describes general positivity toward the Irish COVID Tracker App but also highlights the need for users to be updated regularly on its effectiveness. While the effectiveness of digital contact tracing is difficult to ascertain, all countries using contact tracing Apps must strive to ensure citizens are clear on any contribution such Apps are making to the pandemic response. Data describing how many notified users were already aware of their recent close contact with an infected case, and if the warning actually prevented people mixing, would constitute objective evidence of the impact these Apps are having, which may in turn improve their adoption and consequent usefulness. </sec> <sec> <title>CLINICALTRIAL</title> n/a </sec>
Long-haul 40 Gb/s DWDM transmission with aggregate capacities exceeding 1 Tb/s (2002)

We present an experimental investigation of 40 Gb/s transmission technology aimed at an aggregate capacity exceeding 1 Tb/s over multithousand kilometer transmission distances. These studies have been performed using a variety of dispersion management and modulation techniques. The transmission distances investigated range from a minimum of 2000 km, which is considered a regional undersea cable distance, up to a transatlantic distance of 6200 km. Our regional distance experiments were performed using both slope-matched and conventional dispersion maps where the accumulated dispersion becomes large for the edge channels. Dispersion map studies showed that slope-matched fiber performs better than nonslope-matched fiber (NZDSF) beyond 2000 km due to its larger effective area and lower accumulated dispersion slope. The demonstration of 38/spl times/40 Gb/s over 6200 km was the first transoceanic length experiment using 40 Gb/s DWDM channels. This was achieved with a relatively simple amplifier chain that uses only C-band EDFAs. Modulation format studies showed that RZ performs better over transoceanic distance, carrier-suppressed RZ performs better with nonslope-matched fiber at a distance of 2055 km, and prefiltered carrier-suppressed RZ is more suited for higher spectral efficiency. Experimental techniques for high bit-rate experiments are presented.
Separation of Biomass Pyrolysis Oil by Supercritical CO2 Extraction (2010)

Supercritical CO2 extraction was employed to separate simulated and real bio-oils. Effects of extraction pressure, temperature and adsorbents on distribution coefficient (or enrichment coefficient) of five representative compounds were investigated using a simulated bio-oil, which was composed of acetic acid (AC), propanoic acid (PA), furfural (FR), acetylacetone (AA) and 2-methoxyphenol (MP). The distribution coefficients of AA, FR and MP between super-critical CO2 phase and liquid phase were bigger than 1.5, while those of AC and PA characteristic of relatively strong polarity were less than 1. Temperature and pressure also had impacts on the distribution coefficients of AA, FR and MP, especially remarkable for AA. The extraction of simulated bio-oil spiked on three adsorbents shows that adsorbents influence extraction efficiency and selectivity by changing intermolecular forces. High extraction pressure and relative low temperature are beneficial to reduce the water content in the extract. In addition, the feasibility of supercritical CO2 extraction of real bio-oil was examined. After extraction in the extraction fraction total ketones increased from 14.1% to 21.15~25.40%, phenols from 10.74% to 31.32~41.25%, and aldehydes from 1.92% to 3.95~8.46%, while the acids significantly dropped from 28.15% to 6.92~12.32%, and water from 35.90% to 6.64~4.90%. In view of extraction efficiency, the optimal extraction temperature was determined to be 55℃. Extraction efficiency of the real bio-oil increased with rising pressure. The maximal extraction efficiency of real bio-oil on water-free basis could reach to 88.6%. After scCO2 extraction, the calorific value and stability of the extract fraction evidently increased and the acidity slight decreased with nearly 100% volatility below 140℃, suggesting potentially applicable as substitute for engine fuel.
Political Power: Its Composition and Incidence. By Charles E. Merriam. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company. 1934. Pp. vii, 331. ($3.00) (1935)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Proposal for a compact neutron generator based on a negative deuterium ion beam (2023)

Abstract Interest in high intensity generators of neutrons for basic and applied science has been growing, and thus the demand for an economical neutron generator has been growing. A major driver for the development of high intensity neutron generators are studies of neutron disturbance in integrated circuits, for which a compact generator that can be easily accommodated in an ordinary size lab would be highly desirable. We have investigated possible designs for neutron generators based on the D-D fusion reaction, which produce direction dependent mono-energetic neutrons with carry-off energy larger than 2.45 MeV. Specifically, we find a negative deuterium ion beam most attractive for this application, and plan to construct such a system with a negative deuterium ion beam of 200 keV energy and 100 mA current as a prototype of this concept.
Stochastic Kron's model inspired from the Random Coupling Model (2015)

Through many applications, it was demonstrated that Kron's formalism gives to electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) challenges all the theoretical tools to analyse and to theorize complex systems electromagnetic coupling. Kron's formalism leads to describing electronic system with impedance matrices as fundamental objects. Recently the Random Coupling Method was proposed to describe the antenna impedance matrix in presence of wave chaotic cavities at high frequencies. In this paper, the integration of the Random Coupling Model inside the Kron's formalism is proposed, thus leading to a stochastic Kron's method.
Review of the Pleiotropic Effects of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Agonists on Platelet Function (2007)

The primary target receptor for thiazolidinediones (TZDs) or peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonists is a transcription factor in the nucleus of adipocytes and other metabolically active cells, where they improve insulin sensitivity and glucose utilization. TZDs are also able to modify gene expression in macrophages, smooth muscle cells, and endothelial cells. Although PPARgamma is considered to be a nuclear receptor, enucleate platelets also highly express this receptor. The aim of this review is to present the current understanding of a direct or indirect effect of TZDs on platelet function. By means of a comprehensive literature search (January 1990-June 2006), publications were obtained that contained specific information about in vitro and in vivo effects of TZDs on platelet function. The effects were studied for different risk biochemical markers, i.e., proteins found to be elevated in the state of procoagulant inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. Improvement of platelet function was reported for all TZDs-troglitazone, pioglitazone, and rosiglitazone. The described effects included reduction of platelet aggregation, suppression of thrombin-induced protein kinase C-alpha and -beta activation, decrease in plasma P-selectin and platelet P-selectin expression, increase in nitric oxide production, inhibition of the Rho/Rho kinase pathway, and inhibition of tissue factor- and platelet-activating factor-induced morphological changes in macrophages. These findings appeared in parallel with reduction of the plasma concentrations of pro-inflammatory risk markers. TZDs seem to have a direct pleiotropic positive influence on platelet function and coagulation and may be helpful in treating the prothrombotic state observed in patients with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome.
Edge state tunneling in a split Hall bar model (2005)

We introduce and study the correlation functions of a chiral one-dimensional electron model intended to qualitatively represent narrow Hall bars separated into left and right sections by a penetrable barrier. The model has two parameters representing, respectively, interactions between top and bottom edges of the Hall bar and interactions between the edges on opposite sides of the barrier. We show that the scaling dimensions of tunneling processes depend on the relative strengths of the interactions, with repulsive interactions across the Hall bar tending to make breaks in the barrier irrelevant. The model can be solved analytically and is characterized by a difference between the dynamics of even and odd Fourier components. We address its experimental relevance by comparing its predictions with those of a more geometrically realistic model that must be solved numerically.
Lightfastness modelling of azo dyes bearing heteroaromatic substituents (1990)

Abstract Lightfastness for a number of azo dyes bearing heteroaromatic substituents was modelled by the partial least squares method (PLS) in terms of structural descriptors, involving the principal properties of usual substituents, and the chemical shifts of the heteroaromatic moieties. The model permits the prediction of possible structures, with higher values of the technological property, worthy of synthesis.
Using Spiral Cavity Oscillator to Improve the Overall Efficiency of RM (2008)

Large current,under which a relativistic magnetron is operated,results in an azimuthal magnetic field which gives the electrons a force and make electrons escape from the interaction space before energy of the electrons is converted to rf energy sufficiently.That will substantially reduce efficiency.In this paper,we study the attributes of helix cavity,and based on the attributes of helix cavity,we can conclude that if we choose the method of twisting and direction of uniform,applied magnetic field(Bz) appropriately,we can counteract tendency of escaping so as to enhance the overall efficiency.
Transaction Logic: Unifying Declarative and Procedural Knowledge - Extended Abstract - (1993)

This paper presents AI applications of recently proposed Transaction Logic (abbr., 7-7z) [2]. Transaction Logic is a novel formalism that accounts in a clean and declarative fashion for phenomenon of updating first-order knowledge bases, most notably, databases and logic programs. Transaction Logic has a natural model theory and a sound-and-complete proof theory. Unlike many other logics, Tn allows users to program transactions that modify state of a knowledge base. This is possible because, like classical logic, Tn has a Horn version which has both a procedural and a declarative semantics, as well as an efficient SLD-style proof procedure. As a result, Tn is a unifying, logical formalism for specifying both declarative and procedural knowledge. Furthermore, for a wide range of practical problems, frame problem [18] is not an issue for /-n. This is because Tn performs real updates on materialized databases, much as procedural languages like Pascal do. A key contribution of ~-n is capturing these procedural updates in a logical framework with an efficient proof theory. A full development of proof theory, a discussion of frame problem, and applications to database systems can be found in [2, 3]. This paper presents model theory of 7-~¢, and then focuses on applications of Tn to problems in AI, especially planning, temporal reasoning, constraint satisfaction, hypothetical and counterfactual reasoning, and representation and use of procedural knowledge. The importance of procedural knowledge has been extensively argued in AI literature (see e.g., [8]). For instance, well-known SHRDLU program [26] is largely based on procedural knowledge. In fact, Winograd argues in [26] that procedural knowledge is inherent in automated natural language understanding. For example, meaning of the is a collection of procedures
Anthocyanins and their stability in foods (1974)

The anthocyanin pigments are responsible for the red, blue, and purple color of most fruits and vegetables. This review covers the following aspects of anthocyanins: their chemical structure and the relation between chemical structure and color; the theories of their biogenesis and factors affecting their synthesis in plants; their distribution among fruits and vegetables; the chemical, physical, and biochemical factors affecting their degradation in fresh and processed food commodities; degradation schemes; ways and means for stabilizing these pigments in foods and methods for extracting, identifying, and quantifying their concentration in foods.
The molecular structure of monomeric base-free bis(neopentyl)manganese by gas electron diffraction (1985)

R. A. Andersen, A. Haaland, K. Rypdal and H. V. Volden, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1985, 1807 DOI: 10.1039/C39850001807
Expression of a nuclear‐encoded psbH gene complements the plastidic RNA processing defect in the PSII mutant hcf107 in Arabidopsis thaliana (2014)

The helical-repeat RNA-binding protein HCF107 is required for processing, stabilization and translation of plastid-encoded psbH mRNA. The psbH gene encodes a small, hydrophilic subunit of the PSII complex and is part of the plastidic psbB-psbT-psbH-petB-petD transcription unit. In Arabidopsis hcf107 mutants, only trace amounts of PSII proteins can be detected. Beside drastically reduced synthesis of PsbH, the synthesis of CP47 was also reduced in these mutants, although the corresponding psbB transcripts accumulate to wild type levels. This situation raises the question, whether the reduction of CP47 is a direct consequence of the mutation, based on targeting of HCF107 to the psbB mRNA, or a secondary affect due to the absent PsbH. To clarify this issue we introduced a chimeric psbH construct comprising a sequence encoding a chloroplast transit peptide into the hcf107-2 background. We found that the nucleus-localized psbH was able to complement the mutant defect resulting in photoautotrophic plants. The PSII proteins CP47 and D1 accumulated to barely half of the wild type level. Further experiments showed that cytosolically synthesized PsbH was imported into chloroplasts and assembled into PSII complexes. Using this approach, we showed that the tetratricopeptide repeat protein HCF107 of Arabidopsis is only responsible for expression of PsbH and not for synthesis of CP47. In addition the data suggest the necessity of the small, one-helix membrane spanning protein PsbH for the accumulation of CP47 in higher plants.
Stepwise Application of BIM-based Parametric Modeling to Tapered Slip-Form System (2016)

Slip-form technology, an automatic formwork system, has many benefits in construction industries and can shorten the construction time and reduce costs. However, slip-form systems have been designed using 2D drawing methods, which hinders the utilization of project information and impedes essential communication between project participants. The application of Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology, especially the parametric modeling method, can be an efficient solution. This study presents the beneficial effects of applying BIM technology to the design of a slip-form system. First, classification of a tapered slip-form was defined, based on Product Breakdown Structure (PBS) in a top-down approach. Then, working from the defined classification, 3D parametric models of a slip-form were constructed using the script language, SmartPart of Allplan (BIM tool). Finally, the established parametric model was tested by carrying out two different-height cases of tapered concrete pylons, automatically. This parametric design system could also be utilized to improve an efficiency of a formwork process.
Expression of and secretion through the Aeromonas salmonicida type III secretion system (2006)

Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida is the aetiological agent of furunculosis, a disease of farmed and wild salmonids. The type III secretion system (TTSS) is one of the primary virulence factors in A. salmonicida. Using a combination of differential proteomic analysis and reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR, it is shown that A. salmonicida A449 induces the expression of TTSS proteins at 28 degrees C, but not at its more natural growth temperature of 17 degrees C. More modest increases in expression occur at 24 degrees C. This temperature-induced up-regulation of the TTSS in A. salmonicida A449 occurs within 30 min of a growth temperature increase from 16 to 28 degrees C. Growth conditions such as low-iron, low pH, low calcium, growth within the peritoneal cavity of salmon and growth to high cell densities do not induce the expression of the TTSS in A. salmonicida A449. The only other known growth condition that induces expression of the TTSS is growth of the bacterium at 16 degrees C in salt concentrations ranging from 0.19 to 0.38 M NaCl. It is also shown that growth at 28 degrees C followed by exposure to low calcium results in the secretion of one of the TTSS effector proteins. This study presents a simple in vitro model for the expression of TTSS proteins in A. salmonicida.
Microsphere-Coupled Scanning Laser Confocal Nanoscope for Sub-Diffraction-Limited Imaging at 25 nm Lateral Resolution in the Visible Spectrum (2014)

We report a direct optical super-resolution imaging approach with 25 nm (∼ λ/17) lateral resolution under 408 nm wavelength illumination by combining fused silica and polystyrene microspheres with a conventional scanning laser confocal microscope (SLCM). The microsphere deposited on the target surface generates a nanoscale central lobe illuminating a sub-diffraction-limited cross-section located on the target surface. The SLCM confocal pinhole isolates the reflected light from the near-field subdiffractive cross-section and suppresses the noises from the side lobe and the far-field paraxial focal point. The structural detail of the subdiffractive cross-section is therefore captured, and the 2D target surface near the bottom of microspheres can be imaged by intensity-based point scanning.
Structural, Optical, Electrical and Electrocatalytic Activity Properties Of Luminescent Organic Carbon Quantum Dots (2018)

Abstract Carbon is an essential element in human life and recently becoming technologically prominent due to the emerging field of “Carbononics”. We demonstrate organic carbon quantum dots (qdots) containing nitrile bonded (C≡N bond) d‐glucos e‐like traces in various sizes obtained from wheat flour to be promising for imaging applications and to possess a relaxor ferroelectric property and an enhanced electrocatalytic activity that could reduce the cost of energy devices and simple to scale up for the commercialization. The secondary electron microscopy (SEM) imaging shows that the particle size of carbon qdots can be controlled via the sonication exposure time. Elemental analysis and vibrational spectroscopy results show that carbon qdots are sensitive to N 2 gas in the atmosphere and could weaken its “carbogenic” property by making a stable C≡N bond at ambient atmosphere. Rietveld analysis and HR‐TEM studies demonstrate that the structure of the C qdots was found to fit best with an acentric primitive orthorhombic lattice. The laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) images show enhancement of the light emission when reducing the size and characteristic excitation wavelength‐dependent light emission of C qdots. The photoluminescence and UV‐Vis absorption spectroscopy techniques show surface dominant emission and absorption upon the nitrile bonding.
In situ hybridization ascertains the presence of a translocation t(6;11) in an acute monocytic leukemia (1990)

In situ hybridization was performed in a case of acute monoblastic leukemia (FAB type M5b) with a rearrangement of the long arm of chromosome 11. Cytogenetic analysis after R- and G-banding showed an apparent deletion of 11q with a breakpoint at 11q23, and a translocation t(6;11) was suspected in certain metaphases. In situ hybridization with a biotinylated cosmid probe hybridizing at 11q25 confirmed the translocation t(6;11)(q27;q23). Use of nonradioactive in situ hybridization techniques for more precise characterization of chromosomal rearrangements in malignant cells is emphasized.
Linear Analogues of Acid‐ and Ester‐Terminated Polyamido Dendrimers: Design, Syntheses, and Physical Properties (2003)

Abstract The synthesis of linear, unnatural amines and carboxylic acids, based on amide connectivity and possessing identical repeat unit architecture to that of analogous dendrimers, was undertaken to assess and compare their physical characteristics. For the series, unexpected insoluble behavior was observed at low molecular weights in contrast to their branched counterparts or other known linear dendritic analogs. Molecular modeling suggests a high degree of intra‐ and intermolecular H‐bonding for the series. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)