gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tunel Test (2019)

Recommendations are given concerning the terminology of methods of bioanalytical chemistry. With respect to dynamic development particularly in the analysis and investigation of biomacromolecules, terms related to bioanalytical samples, enzymatic methods, immunoanalytical methods, methods used in genomics and nucleic acid analysis, proteomics, metabolomics, glycomics, lipidomics, and biomolecules interaction studies are introduced.
Measurement of coarse aerosols in workplaces. A review (1994)

Coarse aerosol fractions in workplaces are sampled if it is felt that particles of all sizes may pose a risk to health. Although the so-called 'total' aerosol has been widely used to refer to the relevant coarse fraction, practical measurement has been very dependent on the actual sampling instrument used. This in turn has led to great uncertainty about what was being measured. In the 1980s, the concept of inhalability was proposed, based on the aerosol particle size fraction that enters the human head through the nose and/or mouth during breathing. Now there is substantial agreement by most of the world's major criteria-setting bodies on a quantitative definition taking the form of a single curve describing the probability of inhalation as a function of particle aerodynamic diameter. This definition now forms a truly health-related 'yardstick' against which to assess the performances of practical sampling devices. In turn, more and more countries are beginning to adopt the new criterion for health-related aerosol measurement in their standards, replacing the old 'total' aerosol concept. Experiments in wind tunnels to investigate the performances of previous samplers for 'total' aerosol show that most of them do not satisfactorily match the new inhalability criterion. A small number of samplers designed specifically for the inhalable fraction have been proposed and are available commercially. They include samplers for both static (or area) and personal sampling.
IgD: A Major Immunoglobulin on the Surface of Lymphocytes from Patients with Chronic Lymphatic Leukemia (1974)

Abstract Previous studies on the characterization of surface immunoglobulins of lymphocytes from CLL2 patients indicated that the cell-associated immunoglobulin was monoclonal with respect to heavy and light chain class with IgM being by far the most common Ig class observed (1–4). Our earlier study of CLL involved analysis for the presence of IgG, IgA, and IgM. Some cases were observed in which neither heavy nor light chains were detectable and others in which only light chains could be detected (1). A more detailed investigation of one of these patients demonstrated IgD as the major Ig class associated with these cells. We have accordingly evaluated other unselected cases of CLL for the presence of IgD on the lymphocyte surface. The current report details these studies and the relationship of IgD to IgM on the surface of CLL lymphocytes. Methods. Lymphocytes were obtained from patients with CLL having white blood counts ranging from 20,000 to 200,000 cells/mm3. Lymphocytes were purified by dextran sedimentation followed by Ficoll-Hypaque centrifugation (1). The cells were washed three times in Hanks’ balanced salt solution for fluorescent studies and six times in the same buffer for quantitative studies. Quantitation of IgM and IgD was performed by using inhibition of a radioimmunoassay as previously described (5). Lactoperoxidase - catalyzed radioiodination of viable lymphocytes was also performed as previously described (6). Lysis of cells was performed with 0.5% Nonidet P40. Immunoprecipitation by a direct technique with carrier immunoglobulin and anti-immunoglobulin was followed by analysis on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels. Direct immunofluorescence was performed as previously described (1). Specificity of the antisera were established by demonstrating a lack of inhibitory capacity of immunoglobulin classes other than the ones being assayed for (e.g., IgM, IgG, IgA, and IgE of kappa or lambda type did not inhibit the anti-IgD reagent). This specificity was established separately for each of the three test systems used.
[Determination of serum semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase activity in diabetic retinopathy in type-2 diabetes]. (2002)

The results support the hypothesis that elevated SSAO activity may be involved in the pathogenesis of microvascular diabetic late complications, such as retinopathy. The pharmacological manipulation of SSAO activity might be an interesting new concept for prevention and treatment of diabetic retinopathy.
Randomized trial of suture versus electrosurgical bipolar vessel sealing in vaginal hysterectomy (2003)

Electrosurgical bipolar vessel sealer is an effective alternative to sutures in vaginal hysterectomy, resulting in significantly reduced operative time and blood loss.
Seismic detection of pore fluids: Pitfalls of ignoring anisotropy (2000)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2000Seismic detection of pore fluids: Pitfalls of ignoring anisotropyAuthors: Diana SavaTapan MukerjiMiguel DiazGary MavkoDiana SavaRock Physics Laboratory, Dept. of Geophysics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305‐2215, Tapan MukerjiRock Physics Laboratory, Dept. of Geophysics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305‐2215, Miguel DiazRock Physics Laboratory, Dept. of Geophysics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305‐2215, and Gary MavkoRock Physics Laboratory, Dept. of Geophysics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305‐2215https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1815787 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1815787FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByAnisotropic parameters of dry and saturated sand under stressMohammad H. Bhuiyan and Rune M. Holt12 August 2016 | GEOPHYSICS, Vol. 81, No. 5Estimating azimuthal stress-induced P-wave anisotropy from S-wave anisotropy using sonic log or vertical seismic profile data21 September 2015 | Geophysical Prospecting, Vol. 64, No. 5Fluid dependence of anisotropy parameters in weakly anisotropic porous mediaOlivia Collet and Boris Gurevich25 July 2013 | GEOPHYSICS, Vol. 78, No. 5Approximate fluid substitution for vertical velocities in weakly anisotropic VTI rocksGEOPHYSICS, Vol. 74, No. 1Approximate fluid substitution in weakly anisotropic VTI rocksKaushik Bandyopadhyay and Gary Mavko15 December 2008Quantitative Seismic Interpretation27 January 2010 | , Vol. 80 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2000ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 2000 Pages: 2484 publication data© 2000 Copyright © 2000 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished: 04 Jan 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Diana Sava, Tapan Mukerji, Miguel Diaz, and Gary Mavko, (2000), "Seismic detection of pore fluids: Pitfalls of ignoring anisotropy," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 1842-1845. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1815787 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
High-precision dry micro-electro-discharge machining of carbon-nanotube forests with ultralow discharge energy (2012)

This work investigates reverse-polarity dry micro-electro-discharge machining (μEDM) of pure carbon-nanotube (CNT) forests that are used as cathodes in the process, as opposed to conventional μEDM where the material to be machined forms the anode. The new configuration with the reversed polarity is observed to generate higher discharge currents, most likely due to effective field-emission from CNTs. This effect allows the process to be performed at very low discharge energies, ~80× smaller than in the conventional normal-polarity case, with the machining voltage and tolerance down to 10 V and 2.5 μm, respectively, enabling high-precision high-aspect-ratio micropatterning in the forests.
Macrophages as Effectors of Cell-Mediated Immunity (1972)

(1972). Macrophages as Effectors of Cell-Mediated Immunity. CRC Critical Reviews in Microbiology: Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 353-384.
Effects of nanoparticles on phase morphology in thin films of phase-separated diblock copolymers (2017)

This study investigates the morphology changes in thin diblock copolymer (DiBCP) films occurring in the interaction with modified nanoparticles (NPs). Magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) and silica (SiO x ) were prepared and used. Poly(pentyl methacrylate-b-methyl methacrylate) (PPMA-b-PMMA) (70/30 mol mol −1 , hcp cylinders of the PMMA phase) DiBCP were employed to prepare thin films having thicknesses to realize standing cylinders in pure DiBCP films. The investigations aimed at two topics: (1) morphology after controlled incorporation of organo-modified NP (gold, silver, Fe 3 O 4 , SiO x ) and (2) additional solvent vapour annealing (SVA) with tetrahydrofuran (and chloroform for comparison). The laterally ordered morphology in thin films was examined by GISAXS and atomic force microscopy. Keeping the same type of morphology in nanocomposites, the dimensions of the periodic nanostructure altered depending on type and amount of incorporated NP. It was found that SiO x clusters enlarge the lateral distance of the PMMA cylinders, whereas metallic NPs reduce this parameter. Applying SVA improves the phase separation slightly, whereas lateral distances were kept constant or were reduced a little. Switching of domain orientation upon SVA could not be detected in the presence of NPs located at the polymer/substrate interface.
Inhibition of cracking in Cu6Sn5 intermetallic compounds at Sn-Cu lead-free solders and Cu substrate interfaces (2009)

The authors have successfully developed a method of limiting cracking in the Cu6Sn5 intermetallic compounds, which are formed at the interface between lead free solders and their Cu substrates. In this paper, it is shown that the level of cracking in the (Cu,Ni)6Sn5 reaction layer and the morphology of the intermetallics varies with the Ni content. To explore the mechanisms associated with the differences in joint integrity, detailed synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) has been used with Rietveld analysis. The results show Ni stabilises a high temperature allotrope of the Cu6Sn5 phase avoiding stresses induced by a volumetric change that would otherwise occur on phase transformation
Table S3 from Targeting Microglial Metabolic Rewiring Synergizes with Immune-Checkpoint Blockade Therapy for Glioblastoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Table S3 describes primer information for qPCR analysis.&lt;/p&gt;
Erratum: RNA-binding proteins in neurodegeneration: mechanisms in aggregate (2017)

In the abstract of the above-mentioned review, due to an editing error, the sentence, "Here we synthesize the progress made at the clinical, genetic, and biophysical levels and conclude that this review offers the most parsimonious explanation for these mysterious diseases" is incorrect. It should read, "Here we synthesize the progress made at the clinical, genetic, and biophysical levels and conclude that this perspective offers the most parsimonious explanation for these mysterious diseases." This has been corrected online.
Characterizing Use of Growth-friendly Implants for Early-onset Scoliosis: A 10-Year Update (2020)

Level II.
Patterning Graphene with Zigzag Edges by Self‐Aligned Anisotropic Etching (2011)

A top-down approach for controlled tailoring of graphene nanostructures with zigzag edges is presented. It consists of two key steps: artificial defect patterning and hydrogen-plasma etching. With this approach, various graphene nanostructures with sub-10 nm features and identical zigzag edges are reliably achieved. This approach shows great promise for making future graphene devices or circuits. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
P3‐170: Correlation between brain atrophy in MRI and CSF markers in Alzheimer's disease (AD) (2010)

The diagnosis Alzheimer's disease (AD) is clinically evoked in the evidence of significantly impaired episodic memory in the context of progressive cognitive disorder. The presence of medial temporal lobe (MTL) atrophy on MRI and abnormal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers are supportive features for diagnosis and are assumed to be indirect pathological markers of disease. The relationship between these two markers is not clear. To study the correlations between the CSF biomarkers and cerebral parameters on MRI (specially MTL atrophy), in a group of patients with AD. A retrospective study was performed on a group of AD patients, defined by 1) the presence of progressive episodic memory characterized by recall deficit not normalized with cueing and after effective encoding and 2) low Aβ42 concentration in CSF. All patients underwent CSF markers' measurements (Aβ42, Tau181 and P-Tau) and brain MRI, with T1 3D acquisitions, within 6 months. The segmentation and measure of hippocampal volume were performed with the SACHA Brainvisa plugin2. Total CSF volume (tCSFV), white matter volume (WMV) and gray matter volume (GMV) were derived from SPM5 segmentations. We correlated CSF biomarkers and derived ratios with hippocampal volumes, GMV and WMV. Forty-five AD patients were included (mean age = 64.2 years, SD ± 11; MMSE = 19 ± 6.2). By definition, all patients had low Aβ42 concentration (241.51 ± 95.6 ng/L). Mean levels of Tau181 and P-tau were increased (579.6 ± 303.4 and 88.86 ± 36.98 ng/L respectively). Mean hippocampal volume was 2.07 ± 0.59 cm3, tCSFV = 536.0 ± 122 cm3; WMV = 447.11 ± 71 cm3; GMV = 563.4 ± 91.7 cm3. A negative and significant correlation was found between the ratio P-tau/Tau and both mean hippocampus volume (p < 0.05; r = -0.31) and GMV (p < 0.05; r = -0.33). No correlation were measured with others CSF measures and hippocampal volume, GMV and WMV. Statistical analysis did not show any correlation between CSF markers and age or MMSE score. The ratio P-tau/Tau was correlated with hippocampal volume, suggesting that this ratio could reflect the physiopathological process that characterizes medial temporal neuronal loss in AD. These results reinforced recent data which demonstrated that P-tau/Tau ratio was associated with a faster rate of cognitive decline (Kester et al, Neurology 2009).
Uncontrolled variables in frying studies: differences in repeatability between thermoxidation and frying experiments (2007)

Palm oil, soybean oil and partially hydrogenated soybean oil were used to define the repeatability of oil degradation under thermoxidation in the absence of food and during the frying of potatoes. Total polar compounds and their constituent polymeric triglycerides, oxidized monomeric triglycerides and diglycerides were analyzed. The oils were thermoxidized under standard conditions in a Rancimat apparatus at 180 °C for 25 hours. Discontinuous frying experiments were carried out in triplicate in three apparently identical domestic fryers. Five batches of potatoes were fried per day in each fryer. Oils were heated at 180 °C in periods of 5 h per day during 5 consecutive days so that the total heating period was 25 h. Repeatability was high in the thermoxidation assays and rather low in the frying experiments. Significant differences between the oils were found in the thermoxidation experiments, while no significant differences were found in the frying assays due to large standard deviations. The participation of variables related to the fryer performance which are difficult to control, was deduced. Among them, differences in the heating/cooling cycles at high temperature might be important. The contribution of fryer performance to the decreased repeatability was confirmed in further frying experiments with palm oil. Results showed that repeatability for the same fryer was higher than that obtained when different fryers were considered.
Plant Secondary Metabolites: Occurrence, Structure And Role In The Human Diet (2014)

Plant secondary metabolites have been a fertile area of chemical investigation for many years, driving the development of both analytical chemistry and of new synthetic reactions and methodologies. The subject is multi-disciplinary with chemists, biochemists and plant scientists all contributing to our current understanding. In recent years there has been an upsurge in interest from other disciplines, related to the realisation that secondary metabolites are dietary components that may have a considerable impact on human health, and to the development of gene technology that permits modulation of the contents of desirable and undesirable components. Plant Secondary Metabolites: Occurrence, Structure and Role in the Human Diet addresses this wider interest by covering the main groups of natural products from a chemical and biosynthetic perspective with illustrations of how genetic engineering can be applied to manipulate levels of secondary metabolites of economic value as well as those of potential importance in diet and health. These descriptive chapters are augmented by chapters showing where these products are found in the diet, how they are metabolised and reviewing the evidence for their beneficial bioactivity. © 2006 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
The Effects of UV Light on TNT and Other Explosives in Aqueous Solution (1977)

The role of each of four bench-scale UV systems in the treatment of aqueous explosive solutions is discussed. Studies relating the effects of acetone and H2O2 in the treatment are reviewed. Under given conditions, UV light (254 nm) in conjunction with small concentrations of H2O2 results in the elimination of such explosives as TNT (alpha trinitro-toluene), RDX (cyclonite), HMX (homocylonite), 2,4 DNT (dinitrotoluene), 2,6 DNT and Explosive D (ammonium picrate) from their aqueous solutions. Analyses have shown that explosive disappearance is accompanied by a decrease in TOC after one hour of exposure. No significant concentrations of any related conversion products were detected in the one hour photolysates. Studies incorporating 1,3,5 labeled C14-TNT have indicated that the TNT molecule is cleaved and converted to C(14)O2 upon such treatment. UV treatment of bomb-loading effluents containing 221 ppm TNT and 148 ppm RDX successfully resulted in the elimination of these explosives and their conversion products.
REMS Instrument Design and Operation Status : Monitoring the Environment from a Moving Hot Exploration Rover on Mars (2014)

Upprättat; 2014; 20150629 (ninhul)
Peptide Folding: When Simulation Meets Experiment (1999)

Accurate reproduction of the mechanism of peptide folding in solution and conformational preferences as a function of amino acid sequence is possible with atomic level dynamics simulations. For example, the simulations correctly predict a left-handed 31-helical fold for the β-heptapeptide 1 (the molecular model is shown in the picture) and a right-handed helical fold for the β-hexapeptide 2, as was confirmed by NMR spectroscopy.
Recommending Temporally Relevant News Content from Implicit Feedback Data (2015)

News has, in this day and age, transformed primarily into a digital format with leading newspapers and news agencies having a significant online presence. The speed at which news reaches the reader notwithstanding, the proliferation of blogs and microblogs to deliver specialized content has become the order of the day. Even highly engaged users tend to disengage with a website when the content they are served is unappealing to them. While recommendation systems have been used to ensure delivery of content to the user in tune with their tastes, these systems face an unprecedented challenge - the transient nature of 'popular' news and users' changing interests. Moreover, the challenge is compounded by the absence of explicit feedback. Most recommendation systems for recommending digital news content rely on inferring user engagement through 'clicks', which is not necessarily an accurate measure as it gives us no explicit information about the degree to which a user is interested in a news article. In this paper, we introduce and study the behavior of temporal and tag-based models for news article recommendation. Our experiments indicate that incorporating temporal and taginformation improves recommendation quality and increases user engagement. We argue through experimental evaluation that the improved performance is due to recommendation of more personalized news content by the tag-based recommendation algorithms as compared to other models that do not explicitly incorporate user-tag information.
Efficient Instrumentation of GPGPU Applications Using Information Flow Analysis and Symbolic Execution (2014)

Dynamic instrumentation of GPGPU binaries makes possible real-time introspection methods for performance debugging, correctness checks, workload characterization, and runtime optimization. Such instrumentation involves inserting code at the instruction level of an application, while the application is running, thereby able to accurately profile data-dependent application behavior. Runtime overheads seen from instrumentation, however, can obviate its utility. This paper shows how a combination of information flow analysis and symbolic execution can be used to alleviate these overheads. The methods and their effectiveness are demonstrated for a variety of GPGPU codes written in OpenCL that run on AMD GPU target backends. Kernels that can be analyzed entirely via symbolic execution need not be instrumented, thus eliminating kernel runtime overheads altogether. For the remaining GPU kernels, our results show 5-38% improvements in kernel runtime overheads.
Implementation of model predictive indoor climate control for hierarchical building energy management (2023)

This paper addresses the design and implementation of a model predictive control framework for temperature control in buildings zones via direct control of their thermal energy inputs. Comfort-centric approach in ensured by selecting building thermal zones to be equal to the physical building rooms. The framework integrates different identification and estimation technologies, machine learning and model predictive control to assure systematic handling of non-modelled disturbances and offset-free control. It is envisioned as the lowest level in the hierarchical decomposition of building subsystems responsible for comfort and shaping the overall thermal energy consumption in building zones. The paper shows how it is deployed on a full scale occupied skyscraper building. To enable optimization of the whole building behaviour a special focus is put on developing the possibility for interaction and coordination with other building subsystems or energy distribution grids. This ensures the scalability of the approach, computational relaxation, technology independency, cost-effective implementation and enables upscaling towards the smart grid and smart city concepts where buildings play decisive roles.
Supplementary Figures S1 - S3, Tables S1 - S6 from Tumor Heterogeneity and Lesion-Specific Response to Targeted Therapy in Colorectal Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S1. MEK1 K57 mutation confers resistance to anti-EGFR antibodies in CRC preclinical models. Supplementary Figure S2. Dual blockade of EGFR and MEK restores sensitivity to CRC cells expressing MEK1 K57N or K57T. Supplementary Figure S3. Longitudinal analysis of founder mutations in patient plasma during panitumumab and trametinib treatment. Supplementary Table S1. 1000 gene sequencing panel. Supplementary Table S2. 40 gene targeted sequencing panel. Supplementary Table S3. Summary of targeted sequencing and ddPCR data on tissue specimens. Supplementary Table S4. Next generation sequencing data from plasma ctDNA. Supplementary Table S5. Summary of serial ctDNA analyses. Supplementary Table S6. Ratio of resistance-associated genetic alterations and founder mutations in serial plasma ctDNA timepoints.&lt;/p&gt;