gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of tubes bundle electrode on removal of cadmium from simulated wastewaters by electrodeposition (2011)

BACKGROUND: The performance of a novel pilot scale, fixed bed flow-through cell, consisting of a cathode formed by a bundle of stainless steel tubes having two tube arrangements (920 tubes of 0.6 cm outer diameter and 360 tubes of 1.0 cm outer diameter) was investigated for the removal of cadmium in a batch re-circulation mode. The electrochemical reaction studied was the cathodic reduction of Cd+2 using 0.5 mol L−1 sodium sulphate as supporting electrolyte. The parameters analyzed were initial Cd+2 concentrations and electrolyte flow rates. RESULTS: Experimental results for the two different tube arrangements showed that the mass transfer coefficients were higher for the 0.6 cm diameter tubes than for the 1.0 cm diameter tubes. The former gave a fractional conversion of 80.4% with a current efficiency of 70.75% compared with a fractional conversion of 58.5% with a current efficiency of 45.7%, for the 1.0 cm diameter tubes, for a Cd+2 concentration of 200 ppm and flow rate of 250 L h−1. These results were correlated to: for 5 < Re < 28 and Sc = 649, where Sh is the Sherwood number, Re the Reynolds number and Sc the Schmidt number. CONCLUSION: Experimental results, analysis, correlations and figures of merit showed better performance of the cell for the removal of Cd+2 with 0.6 cm diameter tubes than with 1.0 cm diameter tubes. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
An Interleukin-18 Polymorphism Is Associated With Reduced Serum Concentrations and Better Physical Functioning in Older People (2007)

IL-18 concentrations are associated with physical function in 65- to 80-year-olds. A polymorphism in the IL-18 gene alters IL-18 concentrations and is associated with an improvement in walk speed. IL-18 may play an active role in age-related functional impairment, but these findings need independent replication.
Nitrogen Interstitial Defects in GaNAs Films Grown by MOCVD (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Phishing website detection using URL-assisted brand name weighting system (2014)

In this paper, we propose an anti-phishing technique to safeguard users against phishing attacks in the internet. The scope of our study focuses primarily on the detection of phishing websites with English content. In order to convince users on whom the website claims to be, phishers normally place brand names in different parts of the URL. We exploit this phishing pattern by assigning weights to words extracted from the HTML content, based on their co-appearance at hostname, path and filenames of URLs. These weights are then added to their corresponding TF-IDF weights. The most probable words are selected and submitted to Yahoo Search to retrieve the highest frequency domain name among the top 30 search results. A WHOIS lookup is conducted to reveal the owner behind the selected domain name. A phishing website can be easily distinguished if the owner of query domain name differs from the owner of domain name returned by the search engine. Experiments conducted over a dataset of phishing and legitimate websites achieves a true positive rate of 98.2% while maintaining a false positive rate of 5.9%. Our findings prove that brand names in HTML content are very effective in detecting phishing websites.
Weak and Dynamic GNSS Signal Tracking Strategies for Flight Missions in the Space Service Volume (2016)

Weak-signal and high-dynamics are of two primary concerns of space navigation using GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) in the space service volume (SSV). The paper firstly defines a reference assumption third-order phase-locked loop (PLL) as the baseline of an onboard GNSS receiver, and proves the incompetence of this conventional architecture. Then an adaptive four-state Kalman filter (KF)-based algorithm is introduced to realize the optimization of loop noise bandwidth, which can adaptively regulate its filter gain according to the received signal power and line-of-sight (LOS) dynamics. To overcome the matter of losing lock in weak-signal and high-dynamic environments, an open loop tracking strategy aided by an inertial navigation system (INS) is recommended, and the traditional maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) method is modified in a non-coherent way by reconstructing the likelihood cost function. Furthermore, a typical mission with combined orbital maneuvering and non-maneuvering arcs is taken as a destination object to test the two proposed strategies. Finally, the experiment based on computer simulation identifies the effectiveness of an adaptive four-state KF-based strategy under non-maneuvering conditions and the virtue of INS-assisted methods under maneuvering conditions.
Acylation and Solubility of Casein Precipitated by Carbon Dioxide (2000)

ABSTRACT: Casein precipitated from milk using carbon dioxide (CO 2 ‐casein) and calcium caseinate were acetylated and succinylated. Aqueous solubility of casein was measured at pH 3, 5, 7, and 9. Acetylation extent was lower for CO 2 ‐casein while both succinylated to similar extents. Solubility between the unmodified caseins was similar except at pH 5 with CO 2 ‐casein being less soluble. Succinylation enhanced solubility for both caseins at pH 5, 7, and 9 with similar solubility between the succinylated caseins at each pH. Acetylation enhanced solubility at pH 5, however CO 2 ‐casein still possessed lower solubility than calcium caseinate. Acylation and solubility behavior indicated structural features in CO 2 ‐casein which were not present in calcium caseinate.
Sinus rhythm electrocardiogram depolarization abnormalities in patients with non-ischemic cardiomyopathy as predictors of myocardial scar (2021)

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): Winkelman family research fund. Background. The arrhythmogenic substrate in nonischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM) characteristically consists of fibrosis with surviving myocytes. We hypothesized that the substrate may be reflected on the 12-lead ECG as depolarization abnormalities (QRS fragmentation [QRSf] and J waves) during sinus rhythm in patients with VT. Methods. Phase I subjects included a retrospective cohort with NICM and VT referred for VT ablation between 2007 and 2020 who had detailed substrate mapping. Phase II subjects included a prospective reference cohort with NICM and No VT referred for primary prevention ICD between 2017 and 2019. All patients had supraventricular rhythm. 12-lead ECGs voltage and presence of QRSf/J waves were compared between phase I and phase II patients. Results. Forty-five (59.2%) patients had epicardial (EPI) VT circuits and EPI LV low voltage. Thirty-one (40.8%) had endocardial (ENDO) VT circuits and Endo LV low voltage. All 38 Phase II subjects had cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) with 26 (68.4%) patients demonstrating late gadolinium enhancement (LGE). Lower voltage in the limb leads was present in Phase I (NICM/VT) [DI (0.63 ± 0.33 vs 0.87 ± 0.4, p = 0.002), DII (0.6 ± 0.27 vs 0.85 ± 0.36, p &amp;lt; 0.001), DIII (0.59 ± 0.35 vs 0.74 ± 0.33, p = 0.03), AVR (0.53 ± 0.24 vs 0.75 ± 0.32, p &amp;lt; 0.001) and AVF (0.50 ± 0.26 vs 0.70 ± 0.28, p &amp;lt; 0.001)] than phase II (NICM/No VT) patients. A high prevalence of QRSf was observed in patients who had indices of LV scar with abnormal bipolar map or LGE on cMRI (ENDO 74.1% vs EPI 77.7%, p = 0.71 and LGE 73% vs No LGE 41.7%, p = 0.06). QRSf were noted in order of prevalence, in the inferior leads (ENDO 67.7% vs EPI 66.6%, p = 0.92), lateral leads (ENDO 35.5% vs EPI 48.9%, p = 0.24) and anterior leads (ENDO 22.6% vs EPI 22.2%, p = 0.97). The positive predictive value of inferior, lateral or anterior ≥2 QRSf leads as a predictor of regional scar among sustained VT patients was 92%, 97% and 88%, respectively. The presence of J waves was more frequently in patients with EPI substrate vs ENDO substrate (57.7% vs 9.6%, p &amp;lt; 0.001), and mainly noted in lateral and inferior leads. Conclusions. In patients with NICM and VT the presence and location of LV scarring can be predicted by depolarization abnormalities on 12-lead ECG. ECG characteristics NICM VT and EPI substrate(n = 45) NICM VT and ENDO substrate(n = 31) p value NICM No VT and LGE(n = 26) NICM No VT and No LGE(n = 12) p value QRSf in 2 contiguous leads 35 (77.7%) 23 (74.1%) p = 0.71 19 (73%) 5 (41.7%) p = 0.06 QRSf in lead DII, DIII, AVF 30 (66.6%) 21 (67.7%) p = 0.92 17 (65.4%) 5 (41.7%) p = 0.16 QRSf in lead DI, AVL, V5, V6 22 (48.9%) 11 (35.5%) p = 0.24 10 (38.5%) 3 (25%) p = 0.41 QRSf in lead V1, V2, V3, V4 10 (22.2%) 7 (22.6%) p = 0.97 9 (34.6%) 2 (16.7%) p = 0.25
Population screening for liver fibrosis: Toward early diagnosis and intervention for chronic liver diseases (2021)

Cirrhosis, highly prevalent worldwide, develops after years of hepatic inflammation triggering progressive fibrosis. Currently, the main etiologies of cirrhosis are non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and alcohol-related liver disease, although chronic hepatitis B and C infections are still major etiological factors in some areas of the world. Recent studies have shown that liver fibrosis can be assessed with relatively high accuracy noninvasively by serological tests, transient elastography, and radiological methods. These modalities may be utilized for screening for liver fibrosis in at-risk populations. Thus far, a limited number of population-based studies using noninvasive tests in different areas of the world indicate that a significant percentage of subjects without known liver disease (around 5% in general populations and a higher rate -18% to 27%-in populations with risk factors for liver disease) have significant undetected liver fibrosis or established cirrhosis. Larger international studies are required to show the harms and benefits before concluding that screening for liver fibrosis should be applied to populations at risk for chronic liver diseases. Screening for liver fibrosis has the potential for changing the current approach from diagnosing chronic liver diseases late when patients have already developed complications of cirrhosis to diagnosing liver fibrosis in asymptomatic subjects providing the opportunity of preventing disease progression.
Exploiting smart-phone USB connectivity for fun and profit (2010)

The Universal Serial Bus (USB) connection has become the de-facto standard for both charging and data transfers for smart phone devices including Google's Android and Apple's iPhone. To further enhance their functionality, smart phones are equipped with programmable USB hardware and open source operating systems that empower them to alter the default behavior of the end-to-end USB communications. Unfortunately, these new capabilities coupled with the inherent trust that users place on the USB physical connectivity and the lack of any protection mechanisms render USB a insecure link, prone to exploitation. To demonstrate this new avenue of exploitation, we introduce novel attack strategies that exploit the functional capabilities of the USB physical link. In addition, we detail how a sophisticated adversary who has under his control one of the connected devices can subvert the other. This includes attacks where a compromised smart phone poses as a Human Interface Device (HID) and sends keystrokes in order to control the victim host. Moreover, we explain how to boot a smart phone device into USB host mode and take over another phone using a specially crafted cable. Finally, we point out the underlying reasons behind USB exploits and propose potential defense mechanisms that would limit or even prevent such USB borne attacks.
Imaging of Pulmonary Embolism (1986)

MARGULIS, ALEXANDER R. MD; SOSTMAN, H. DIRK MD; RAPOPORT, STANLEY MD; GOTTSCHALK, ALEXANDER MD; GREENSPAN, RECHARD H. MD Author Information
Growth inhibitory effect of a new camptothecin analog, DX-8951f, on various drug-resistant sublines including BCRP-mediated camptothecin derivative-resistant variants derived from the human lung cancer cell line PC-6 (2000)

DX-8951f, a new water-soluble camptothecin (CPT) derivative, has been reported to show potent antitumor effects against various tumors in vitro and in vivo. We further evaluated the cytotoxic effect of DX-8951f against eight drug-resistant sublines derived by stepwise exposure of human oat cell carcinoma PC-6 to various drugs. In paclitaxel-, adriamycin-, vincristine- and etoposide-resistant cells, overexpression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and a correlative reduction in drug accumulation and typical drug-sensitivity pattern were confirmed. The etoposide-resistant line with the highest P-gp level was cross-resistant also to SN-38, CPT-11 and topotecan (TPT), but not to 9-aminocamptothecin (9-AC), CPT and DX-8951f. SN-38- and CPT-11-resistant cells, of which topoisomerase I activities and levels were similar to those of the parent cells, showed cross-resistance clearly to TPT, 9-AC and mitoxantrone, but hardly to DX-8951f. In these two resistant sublines, the intracellular topotecan level was significantly lower than that in parental PC-6 and the reduced accumulation was found to be mediated by breast cancer resistant protein (BCRP). The cisplatin-resistant variant, which had a 2-fold increase in glutathione content, showed no cross-resistance and the 5-fluorouracil-resistant variant, which had a 50% decrease in glutathione content, exhibited collateral sensitivity to most of the other anticancer agents including DX-8951f. We concluded that DX-8951f showed a potent cytotoxic effect on various types of drug-resistant cells.
Cenosphere formation from heavy fuel oil: a numerical analysis accounting for the balance between porous shells and internal pressure (2016)

Heavy fuel oil (HFO) as a fuel in industrial and power generation plants ensures the availability of energy at economy. Coke and cenosphere emissions from HFO combustion need to be controlled by particulate control equipment such as electrostatic precipitators, and collection effectiveness is impacted by the properties of these particulates. The cenosphere formation is a function of HFO composition, which varies depending on the source of the HFO. Numerical modelling of the cenosphere formation mechanism presented in this paper is an economical method of characterising cenosphere formation potential for HFO in comparison to experimental analysis of individual HFO samples, leading to better control and collection. In the present work, a novel numerical model is developed for understanding the global cenosphere formation mechanism. The critical diameter of the cenosphere is modelled based on the balance between two pressures developed in an HFO droplet. First is the pressure (Prpf) developed at the interface of the liquid surface and the inner surface of the accumulated coke due to the flow restriction of volatile components from the interior of the droplet. Second is the pressure due to the outer shell strength (PrC) gained from van der Walls energy of the coke layers and surface energy. In this present study it is considered that when PrC ≥ Prpf the outer shell starts to harden. The internal motion in the shell layer ceases and the outer diameter (DSOut) of the shell is then fixed. The entire process of cenosphere formation in this study is analysed in three phases: regression, shell formation and hardening, and post shell hardening. Variations in pressures during shell formation are analysed. Shell (cenosphere) dimensions are evaluated at the completion of droplet evaporation. The rate of fuel evaporation, rate of coke formation and coke accumulation are analysed. The model predicts shell outer diameters of 650, 860 and 1040 µm, and inner diameters are 360, 410 and 430 µm respectively, for 700, 900 and 1100 µm HFO droplets. The present numerical model is validated with experimental results available from the literature. Total variation between computational and experimental results is in the range of 3–7%.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND ANTITUMOR ACTIVITY OF N‐SUBSTITUTED A‐NOR‐3‐AZASPIROSTANS AND SPIROSOLANS (1985)

Abstract Zur Untersuchung auf Antitumor‐Wirkung werden die im Titel genannten Verbindungen (II) und (III) hergestellt.
Photorefractive Keratectomy With Customized Segmental Ablation to Correct Irregular Astigmatism After Laser in situ Keratomileusis (2001)

Customized segmental ablation can be performed using the Nidek OPD-Scan and Final Fit software to improve best spectacle-corrected visual acuity and minimize irregular astigmatism, which may result from prior surgical procedures.
A data-driven statistical model that estimates measurement uncertainty improves interpretation of ADC reproducibility: a multi-site study of liver metastases (2017)

Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) is a potential quantitative imaging biomarker for tumour cell density and is widely used to detect early treatment changes in cancer therapy. We propose a strategy to improve confidence in the interpretation of measured changes in ADC using a data-driven model that describes sources of measurement error. Observed ADC is then standardised against this estimation of uncertainty for any given measurement. 20 patients were recruited prospectively and equitably across 4 sites, and scanned twice (test-retest) within 7 days. Repeatability measurements of defined regions (ROIs) of tumour and normal tissue were quantified as percentage change in mean ADC (test vs. re-test) and then standardised against an estimation of uncertainty. Multi-site reproducibility, (quantified as width of the 95% confidence bound between the lower confidence interval and higher confidence interval for all repeatability measurements), was compared before and after standardisation to the model. The 95% confidence interval width used to determine a statistically significant change reduced from 21.1 to 2.7% after standardisation. Small tumour volumes and respiratory motion were found to be important contributors to poor reproducibility. A look up chart has been provided for investigators who would like to estimate uncertainty from statistical error on individual ADC measurements.
Grating-based X-ray Dark-field Computed Tomography of Living Mice (2015)

Changes in x-ray attenuating tissue caused by lung disorders like emphysema or fibrosis are subtle and thus only resolved by high-resolution computed tomography (CT). The structural reorganization, however, is of strong influence for lung function. Dark-field CT (DFCT), based on small-angle scattering of x-rays, reveals such structural changes even at resolutions coarser than the pulmonary network and thus provides access to their anatomical distribution. In this proof-of-concept study we present x-ray in vivo DFCTs of lungs of a healthy, an emphysematous and a fibrotic mouse. The tomographies show excellent depiction of the distribution of structural - and thus indirectly functional - changes in lung parenchyma, on single-modality slices in dark field as well as on multimodal fusion images. Therefore, we anticipate numerous applications of DFCT in diagnostic lung imaging. We introduce a scatter-based Hounsfield Unit (sHU) scale to facilitate comparability of scans. In this newly defined sHU scale, the pathophysiological changes by emphysema and fibrosis cause a shift towards lower numbers, compared to healthy lung tissue.
Mepacrine inhibits subepithelial fibrosis by reducing the expression of arginase and TGF-β1in an extended subacute mouse model of allergic asthma (2009)

Asthma is a dynamic disorder of airway inflammation and airway remodeling with an imbalance in T helper type 1 (Th(1))/Th(2) immune response. Increased Th(2) cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-13 induce arginase either directly or indirectly through transforming growth factor-beta(1) (TGF-beta(1)) and lead to subepithelial fibrosis, which is a crucial component of airway remodeling. Synthetic antimalarials have been reported to have immunomodulatory properties. Mepacrine is known for its reduction of airway inflammation in short-term allergen challenge model by reducing Th(2) cytokines and cysteinyl leukotrienes, which has an important role in the development of airway remodeling features. Therefore, we hypothesized that mepacrine may reduce airway remodeling. For this, extended subacute ovalbumin mice model of asthma was developed; these mice showed an increased expression of profibrotic mediators, subepithelial fibrosis, and goblet cell metaplasia along with airway inflammation, increased Th(2) cytokines, allergen-specific IgE, IgG(1), increased cytosolic PLA(2) (cPLA(2)), and airway hyperresponsiveness. Presence of intraepithelial eosinophils and significant TGF-beta(1) expression in subepithelial mesenchymal regions by repeated allergen exposures indicate that asthmatic mice of this study have developed human mimicking as well as late stages of asthma. However, mepacrine treatment decreased Th(2) cytokines and subepithelial fibrosis and alleviated asthma features. These reductions by mepacrine were associated with a decrease in levels and expression of TGF-beta(1) and the reduction in activity, expression of arginase in lung cytosol, and immunolocalization in inflammatory cells present in perivascular and peribronchial regions. These results suggest that mepacrine might reduce the development of subepithelial fibrosis by reducing the arginase and TGF-beta(1). These effects of mepacrine likely underlie its antiairway remodeling action in asthma.
THE T-SHAPED DESIGN ENGINEER – USING COHORTS TO EXPLORE HOW SKILLS PROFILES DIFFER THROUGH CAREER STAGES (2023)

Abstract The T-Shaped designer has previously been identified as a design engineer with the desirable set of skills for a successful career. Twelve design engineers ranging from novice to expert, were interviewed to gain an understanding of their skill set, how it has evolved and how it needs to evolve in order to be futureproofed. With the use of qualitative, quantitative data and the development of a novel engineering skills profiling method, this paper found that 75% of design engineers did not exhibit a T-shaped skill profile, but a skill shape that has been termed ‘M-shaped’ or ‘Comb-shaped’. The majority of participants exhibited a great depth of specialist skills in multiple disciplines, not limited to their immediate field of work. All participants exhibited a wide knowledge of skills that allowed them to work across different disciplines, which included electronics, management or manufacturing, and so the wide vertical bar of the T-Shape design predicted by previous literature has been supported.
Microtransfusion and viral exposure in uninfected infants born to HIV-infected women (2008)

Background HIV-specific cellular immune responses have been detected in some uninfected infants born to HIV-infected women, indicating transient virus exposure or replication has occurred. Small quantities of maternal blood pass into the infant's circulation during childbirth, termed “microtransfusion”, potentially facilitating viral exposure. We sought to determine the occurrence of microtransfusion and HIV-specific immune responses as an indicator of viral exposure in a cohort of uninfected infants born to HIV-infected women, in the context of interventions.
A New Synthetic Approach toward Bacterial Transglycosylase Substrates, Lipid II and Lipid IV (2011)

A new synthetic approach toward the bacterial transglycosylase substrates, Lipid II (1) and Lipid IV (2), is described. The key disaccharide was synthesized using the concept of relative reactivity value (RRV) and elaborated to Lipid II and Lipid IV by conjugation with the appropriate oligopeptides and pyrophosphate lipids. Interestingly, the results from our HPLC-based functional TGase assay suggested Lipid IV has a higher affinity for the enzyme than Lipid II.