gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hypothermia attenuates apoptosis and protects contact between myelin basic protein‐expressing oligodendroglial‐lineage cells and neurons against hypoxia–Ischemia (2014)

Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) is a major form of brain injury among preterm infants, which is characterized by extensive loss and dysfunction of premyelinating oligodendrocytes (pre-OLs) induced by hypoxia-ischemia (HI). Therapeutic hypothermia, which is a standard treatment for term infants with HI encephalopathy, is not indicated for preterm infants because its safety and effect have not been established. Here we investigate the effectiveness and mechanism of hypothermia for the inhibition of pre-OLs damage in PVL. For in vivo studies, 6-day-old rats underwent left carotid artery ligation, followed by exposure to 6% oxygen for 1 hr under hypothermic or normothermic conditions. The loss of myelin basic protein (MBP) was inhibited by hypothermia. For in vitro studies, primary pre-OLs cultures were subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) under normothermic or hypothermic conditions, and dorsal root ganglion neurons were subsequently added. Hypothermia inhibited apoptosis of pre-OLs, and, despite specific downregulation of 21.5- and 17-kDa MBP mRNA expression during hypothermia, recovery of the expression after OGD was superior compared with normothermia. OGD caused disarrangement of MBP distribution, decreased the levels of phosphorylated 21.5-kDa MBP, and disturbed the capacity to contact with neurons, all of which were restored by hypothermia. Pharmacological inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation with U0126 during and after OGD significantly reduced the protective effects of hypothermia on apoptosis and myelination, respectively. These data suggest that phosphorylated exon 2-containing (21.5- and possibly 17-kDa) MBP isoforms may play critical roles in myelination and that hypothermia attenuates apoptosis and preserves the contact between OLs and neurons via ERK1/2 phosphorylation.
Fault Current Limiter Using YBCO Coated Conductor—The Limiting Factor and Its Recovery Time (2009)

A fault current limiter (FCL) based on an arrangement of parallel connected high temperature superconducting tapes constituting a limiter element was designed and tested in 220 V line for a fault current peak between 1 kA to 2 kA. The limiter employed second generation (2G) HTS tapes of YBCO coated conductor reinforced with stainless steel. Four tapes were electrically connected in parallel with 0.4 m effective length per element wherein 16 elements connected in series constitutes a single-phase unit. The FCL performance was evaluated through over-current and current fault tests. Its recovery characteristics were used to design the shunt protection. The designed limiting ratio is 4 for 16 elements and the experimental result for one element showed a 20% limiting ratio. For the fault current test one element can withstand five cycles of fault without degradation. It was observed recovery times below 0.5 s under nominal load using a shunt resistance of 173 mOmega.
Effect of Application Techniques on Abscission Chemical Deposition and Mechanical Harvesting of `Valencia' Oranges (2003)

Field experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of sprayer type, airflow rate, and nozzle output on deposition of active ingredient and mechanical harvesting of `Valencia' orange (Citrus sinensis). Fruit detachment force (FDF) and percentage of fruit removal (PFR) by trunk shaker were used as mechanical harvesting parameters. A PowerBlast sprayer discharging radially and a Titan sprayer discharging over the entire canopy were used. The spray mixture contained an abscission chemical (CMN-pyrazole), a surfactant (Kinetic) and a fluorescent tracer (Pyranine-10G). Deposition was determined at three different heights outside and inside of the canopy. With the PowerBlast, higher airflow and lower nozzle output reduced deposition of the active ingredient. The mean FDF of sprayed treatments was less than that of the non-sprayed control but the difference among the four spray treatments was not significant. The lower airflow rate with lower nozzle output had higher PFR than that of the control. With the Titan sprayer, the mean deposition at lower airflow was similar to or higher than the higher airflow. At higher airflow, the lower nozzle output gave higher mean deposition. The Titan sprayer treatments resulted in less FDF than the control. At both airflow rates, the FDF was less at lower nozzle output than at higher nozzle output. The PFR of these treatments were not different from that of control.
Calcium Enhances Heparin Catalysis of the Antithrombin−Factor Xa Reaction by Promoting the Assembly of an Intermediate Heparin−Antithrombin−Factor Xa Bridging Complex. Demonstration by Rapid Kinetics Studies (2000)

Heparin catalyzes the inhibition of factor Xa by antithrombin mainly through an allosteric activation of the serpin inhibitor, but an alternative heparin bridging mechanism has been suggested to enhance the catalysis in the presence of physiologic calcium levels due to calcium interactions with the Gla domain exposing a heparin binding exosite in factor Xa. To provide direct evidence for this bridging mechanism, we studied the heparin-catalyzed reaction of antithrombin with factor Xa, Gla-domainless factor Xa (GDFXa), and a heparin binding exosite mutant of GDFXa in the absence and presence of calcium using rapid kinetic methods. The pseudo-first-order rate constant for factor Xa inhibition by antithrombin complexed with a long-chain approximately 70-saccharide heparin showed a saturable dependence on inhibitor concentration in the presence but not in the absence of 2.5 mM Ca(2+), indicating the formation of an intermediate heparin-serpin-proteinase encounter complex with a dissociation constant of approximately 90 nM prior to formation of the stable serpin-proteinase complex with a rate constant of approximately 20 s(-1). Similar saturation kinetics were observed for the inhibition of GDFXa by the antithrombin-heparin complex, except that Ca(2+) was not required for the effect. By contrast, no Ca(2+)-dependent saturation of the inhibition rate constant was detectable over the same range of inhibitor concentrations for reactions of either a short-chain approximately 26-saccharide high-affinity heparin-antithrombin complex with factor Xa or the long-chain heparin-antithrombin complex with the heparin binding exosite mutant, GDFXa R240A. These findings suggest that binding of full-length heparin chains to an exosite of factor Xa in the presence of Ca(2+) produces a chain-length-dependent lowering of the dissociation constant for assembly of the intermediate heparin-antithrombin-factor Xa encounter complex, resulting in a several 100-fold rate enhancement by a heparin bridging mechanism.
Critical Contribution of Aromatic Rings to Specific Recognition of Polyether Rings (2008)

To address how proteins recognize polyether toxin compounds, we focused on the interaction between the ABC ring compound of ciguatoxin 3C and its specific antibody, 1C49. Surface plasmon resonance analyses indicated that Escherichia coli-expressed variable domain fragments (Fv) of 1C49 had the high affinity constants and slow dissociation constants typical of antigen-antibody interactions. Linear van't Hoff analyses suggested that the interaction is enthalpy-driven. We resolved the crystal structure of 1C49 Fv bound to ABC ring compound of ciguatoxin 3C at a resolution of 1.7A. The binding pocket of the antibody had many aromatic rings and bound the antigen by shape complementarity typical of hapten-antibody interactions. Three hydrogen bonds and many van der Waals interactions were present. We mutated several residues of the antibody to Ala, and we used surface plasmon resonance to analyze the interactions between the mutated antibodies and the antigen. This analysis identified Tyr-91 and Trp-96 in the light chain as hot spots for the interaction, and other residues made incremental contributions by conferring enthalpic advantages and reducing the dissociation rate constant. Systematic mutation of Tyr-91 indicated that CH-pi and pi-pi interactions between the aromatic ring at this site and the antigen made substantial contributions to the association, and van der Waals interactions inhibited dissociation, suggesting that aromaticity and bulkiness are critical for the specific recognition of polyether compounds by proteins.
Synthese stereocontrolee d'amino alcools allyliques par rearrangement sigmatropique : obtention d'amino acides alpha, alpha dialkyles et de pseudodipeptides ethyleniques (1996)

L'utilisation du rearrangement sigmatropique de trichloroacetimidates allyliques secondaires beta, beta disubstitues a permis d'acceder aux alpha aminoacides alpha dialkyles r et s. Cette methode procede en cinq etapes a partir d'alpha alkoxyaldehydes. La condensation sur ces derniers, d'organoaluminiques et de cuprates vinyliques beta, beta disubstitues permet d'obtenir des diols allyliques monoproteges originaux syn et de stereochimie z ou e sur la double liaison. Le rearrangement thermique des trichloroacetimidates correspondants se fait avec un transfert de chiralite total. L'ozonolyse de la double liaison trans obtenue aux cours de ce processus libere des alpha aminoaldehydes stereogeniquements purs ; dont l'oxydation conduit au alpha aminoesters alpha dialkyles avec d'excellents rendements. Dans la seconde partie de ce travail, la preparation d'isosteres de dipeptides ethyleniques a conduit a: la mise au point d'une nouvelle methode de synthese de beta alkoxyesters alpha alkyles de haute purete enantiomerique basee sur l'ouverture de l'oxyde de styrene par des cyanocuprates ; cette methode offre un large choix de groupements alkyle. Ces beta alkoxyesters sont des synthons qui peuvent etre utilises pour la synthese de nombreux produits d'interet biologique tel le tropate de methyle qui est synthetise a la synthese d'alcools allyliques chiraux de stereochimie relative anti. Par condensation stereocontrolee de vinylcuprates cis sur des beta alkoxyaldehydes alpha alkyles. La nature du groupement alkyle porte par le vinylcuprate peut etre quelconque, puisque celui-ci provient de l'addition de dialkylcuprates sur l'acetylene. Ces deux aspects de la synthese des alcools allyliques que nous avons developpes et l'emploi du rearrangement totalement diastereoselectif des trichloroacetimidates allyliques cis correspondants ont permis de mettre au point une methode generale de synthese d'isosteres de dipeptides ethyleniques trans avec un excellent controle de la stereochimie a chaque etape
Gamma imaging and mapping advancements (2018)

The Savannah River National Lab (SRNL) in partnership with Los Alamos National Lab (LANL) developed an in-situ GrayQb™ radiation mapping device eliminating the need to remove the radiation sensitive phosphor storage plate (PSP) from the device for scanning between exposures. By incorporating a customized version of the LANL patented MiniMax camera-based PSP reader system into the GrayQb™ housing, the exposed PSP can now be read in-situ and digitally transmitted to a remote computer for viewing. The ability to generate radiation contour maps showing source locations and relative radiological levels present in an area has high utility for targeting clean-up efforts, maintaining worker ALARA, determining leak locations and radiological situational awareness. In-situ GrayQb™ reduces the number of required interactions with the device providing deployment cost savings, increasing personnel safety and removing human handling errors during the manual scan process. Additionally, by negating the need for an external scanner, the device becomes more mobile. Other upgrades to the device included identification of a more sensitive imaging medium and incorporation of a dual pinhole rendering the device physically capable of obtaining 3D images. Laboratory tests with Am-241 sources using a mockup of the in-situ GrayQ™, successfully demonstrated the ability to digitally capture radiation source information using the dual pinhole and camera-based PSP reader.
Triple Loss of Function of Protein Phosphatases Type 2C Leads to Partial Constitutive Response to Endogenous Abscisic Acid (2009)

The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) is a key regulator of plant growth and development as well as plant responses to situations of decreased water availability. Protein phosphatases type 2C (PP2Cs) from group A, which includes the ABI1/HAB1 and PP2CA branches, are key negative regulators of ABA signaling. Specifically, HAB1, ABI1, ABI2, and PP2CA have been shown to affect both seed and vegetative responses to ABA. To further understand their contribution to ABA signaling and to unravel possible genetic interactions and functional redundancy among them, we have generated different combinations of double and triple mutants impaired in these PP2Cs. Interestingly, hab1-1pp2ca-1 and abi1-2pp2ca-1 double mutants showed reduced water loss and enhanced resistance to drought stress, which further supports the role of PP2CA in vegetative responses to ABA. Two triple hab1-1abi1-2abi2-2 and hab1-1abi1-2pp2ca-1 mutants were generated, which showed an extreme response to exogenous ABA, impaired growth, and partial constitutive response to endogenous ABA. Thus, transcriptomic analysis revealed a partial up-regulation/down-regulation of a subset of ABA-responsive genes in both triple mutants in the absence of exogenous ABA. Comparison of ABA responses in the different pp2c mutants showed that a progressive increase in ABA sensitivity could be obtained through combined inactivation of these PP2Cs. These results indicate that ABA response is finely tuned by the integrated action of these genes, which is required to prevent a constitutive response to endogenous ABA that might have a deleterious effect on growth and development in the absence of environmental stress.
Enhanced kinetics of Al0.97Ga0.03As wet oxidation through the use of hydrogenation (2006)

This letter reports on a different kinetic behavior of the wet thermal oxidation process resulting in AlxOy material depending on the AlAs material growth method, molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) or metal organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE). A higher oxidation rate for MOVPE-grown materia is systemically found. Considering the major role of hydrogen in the wet oxidation reaction, it is believed this observation could be linked with the higher hydrogen residual concentration in MOVPE layers. Using a hydrogen plasma, MBE-grown Al0.97Ga0.03As layers were hydrogened prior to oxidation. This hydrogenated sample showed a ten times enhanced oxidation rate as compared to the nonhydrogenated Al0.97Ga0.03As sample. This behavior is mainly attributed to a hydrogen induced modification of the diffusion limited regime, enhancing the diffusion length of oxidizing species and reaction products in the oxidized layers.
A robust, low-cost and low-noise artificial skin for human-friendly robots (2010)

As robots and humans move towards sharing the same environment, the need for safety in robotic systems is of growing importance. Towards this goal of human-friendly robotics, a robust, low-cost, low-noise capacitive force sensing array is presented with application as a whole body artificial skin covering. This highly scalable design provides excellent noise immunity, low-hysteresis, and has the potential to be made flexible and formable. Noise immunity is accomplished through the use of shielding and local sensor processing. A small and low-cost multivibrator circuit is replicated locally at each taxel, minimizing stray capacitance and noise coupling. Each circuit has a digital pulse train output, which allows robust signal transmission in noisy electrical environments. Wire count is minimized through serial or row-column addressing schemes, and the use of an open-drain output on each taxel allows hundreds of sensors to require only a single output wire. With a small set of interface wires, large arrays can be scanned hundreds of times per second and dynamic response remains flat over a broad frequency range. Sensor performance is evaluated on a bench-top version of a 4 × 4 taxel array in quasi-static and dynamic cases.
Bubble Sizes in Agitated Water−Hydrophilic Organic Solvents for Heterogeneous Catalytic Reactions (2007)

We recently reported that the rate of heterogeneous catalytic hydrogenation of 2-butene−1,4-diol using water, 2-propanol, and mixtures of the two as the solvent under mass transfer controlled conditions is a maximum at ∼5% 2-propanol, which also corresponds to the minimum bubble size. Here, bubble sizes are reported for other possible miscible water/hydrophilic solvents, along with some data with miscible hydrophobic/hydrophilic organic liquids. Air has been dispersed in water, methanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, MEK, tert-butanol, and n-butyric acid, as well as in miscible mixtures of the two in a closed reactor containing 1% air, stirred with a Rushton turbine at 1200 rpm (29.5 W/kg). In all cases, a very marked minimum bubble size was found at low concentrations of the hydrophilic organic. This concentration depends on the particular organic and corresponds well with its maximum surface excess. This study is the first in which the surface excess has been related to bubble behavior for mixtures of water and a wide selection of different potential hydrophilic solvents. With miscible hydrophobic/hydrophilic organics, a minimum bubble size was not found. This work should help solvent selection for heterogeneous catalytic reactions working in the mass transfer controlled regime.
Precision Agriculture Equipment Ownership versus Custom Hire: A Break-even Land Area Analysis (2006)

Identifying the least-cost strategy of obtaining a technology is important. This study determined the break-even cropped area necessary to economically justify the purchase of Precision Agriculture (PA) equipment versus the custom hiring of the PA services. The results suggest that a commercial Kentucky grain farmers would purchase the PA equipment.
Supplementary Data from Cancer Cell CD44 Mediates Macrophage/Monocyte-Driven Regulation of Head and Neck Cancer Stem Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental methods, figures, and table.&lt;/p&gt;
Engineering of Linear Molecular Nanostructures by a Hydrogen-Bond-Mediated Modular and Flexible Host−Guest Assembly (2010)

The formation of a desired nanostructure with concomitant patterns and functions is of utmost importance in the field of surface molecular engineering and nanotechnology. We here present a flexible host-guest assembly, which steers the formation of linear molecular nanostructures on surfaces by a hydrogen-bond-mediated assembly process. A linear monodendron molecular template with periodic hydrogen-bond binding sites is shown to accommodate a variety of molecules with pyridylethynyl terminals. The unit cell parameters in the transverse direction of the linear pattern can be tuned from 3.4 to 7.3 nm in response to the packing of the guest molecules with different sizes, shapes, and aggregation number. The introduction of hydrogen-bonding partners into the host template and into guest molecules is responsible for the steering of the linear pattern of guest molecules. The modular approach could greatly facilitate the ordering of guest molecules with desired functional moieties.
160 Modulation of Myocardial Ischaemic Injury by Carbon Monoxide Releasing Molecule-A1 in a Porcine Model of Acute Reperfusion Infarction (2016)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Conventional pharmacological treatments for acute myocardial infarction (AMI), a life threatening complication of a sudden coronary occlusion, are limited by their efficiency and side effects. New therapeutic strategies are thus needed to improve outcomes. Carbon monoxide (CO) is cardio-protective at nanomolar concentrations. Carbon monoxide-releasing molecules (CORMs), capable of carrying and releasing controlled quantities of CO in cellular systems, are a promising therapeutic that overcome the limitations of CO gas. CORM-A1 is a water soluble and releases CO slowly through hydrolysis at physiological conditions. We investigated the efficacy and safety of CORM-A1 in reducing infarct size in a clinically relevant porcine model of re-perfused AMI. <h3>Methods</h3> Male Yorkshire White pigs (25–33 kg) underwent a balloon-induced coronary occlusion at the middle segment of left anterior descending artery beyond the first diagonal branch for 60min. From 15min post-occlusion, sodium borate (control) or CORM-A1 (4.27&nbsp;mM, each) were infused over a period of 60min. Left ventricular (LV) function and blood pressure were assessed by cardiac catheterization. Cardiac biomarkers, hepatic and renal functions were compared between the groups. Seven days after AMI, animals were culled and <i>in-situ</i> double staining with Evans blue and 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium (TTC) performed to measure infarct size. Myocardial inflammation, proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated by immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting, and TUNEL assay. <h3>Results</h3> CORM-A1 treated pigs had a reduced infarcted area and improved LV function, but no significant change in blood pressure, compared to controls. Infarct size was 35 ± 7% of the area at risk (ischaemic area) in CORM-A1 pigs compared to 90 ± 5% in controls (p &lt; 0.0001, n = 3–8/group). Myocardium from CORM-A1 treated animals had fewer TUNEL positive (30.5 ± 4.7 vs. 46.2 ± 6.6%, p &lt; 0.05, n = 37), Ki67 positive (7.7 ± 2.3 vs. 29.0 ± 4.0%, p &lt; 0.01, n = 3–7) and inflammation positive cells (4.3 ± 1.8 vs. 36.7 ± 7.1%, p &lt; 0.01, n = 3–7) in the infarcted regions, compared to controls. CORM-A1 infused animals also had significantly reduced (2–3-fold) neovascular formation (vWF staining) in the infarcted areas compared to controls (22.0 ± 3.6 vs. 53.3 ± 8.9%, p &lt; 0.01, n = 3–7). A similar pattern was seen in the ischaemic areas. These changes were associated with a down-regulation of HIF-1a expression in the myocardium of CORM-A1 treated animals. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our data suggest CORM-A1 as a key modulator of myocardial repair following re-perfused AMI injury. Injury is reduced in CORM-A1 treated animals by reducing inflammation, proliferation and cell death whilst maintaining healthy repair via neovascularisation. This study suggests the development of CORM-A1 as a potential new therapeutic for treatment of patients with AMI and warrants further clinical studies.
POLYPEPTIDE MODELS OF COLLAGEN: SYNTHESIS OF (PRO‐PRO‐ALA)n AND (PRO‐PRO‐VAL)n (1976)

The synthesis of two collagen models (Pro-Pro-Ala)n and (Pro-Pro-Val)n is reported. Preliminary examination suggests that (Pro-Pro-Ala)n may exhibit some properties of collagen-like polypeptides whereas (Pro-Pro-Val)n, does not have a collagen-like character.
A spectrophotometric method for the determination of creative phosphokinase and myokinase (1955)

Research Article| September 01 1955 A spectrophotometric method for the determination of creative phosphokinase and myokinase I. T. Oliver I. T. Oliver 1Department of Biochemistry, The University, Sheffield Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1955) 61 (1): 116–122. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0610116 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation I. T. Oliver; A spectrophotometric method for the determination of creative phosphokinase and myokinase. Biochem J 1 September 1955; 61 (1): 116–122. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0610116 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1955 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1955 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.