gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reflectarray Antennas (2024)

Abstract This chapter gives an overview of reflectarray antennas, covering from their historical development to the latest applications. A reflectarray antenna consists of an array of phase‐shifter cells, which are preadjusted to generate a collimated or shaped beam, when illuminated by an external source. The chapter describes different types of reflectarray cells, analysis and design techniques, as well as some realizations for bandwidth improvement, multifrequency operation, and beam scanning. Various selected applications of reflectarray antennas in radar, imaging, and communications are described. Some of them are already commercialized as automotive radars and imaging scanners for security. Finally, some challenging examples of satellite antennas are shown, such as spaceborne interferometer radars, contoured‐beam antennas for broadcasting, large inflatable reflectarrays, multibeam antennas for satellite communications, and high‐gain antenna for data transmission in CubeSats.
Biorobotic Investigation on the Muscle Structure of an Octopus Tentacle (2007)

The present paper aims at understanding the biomechanics of an octopus tentacle as preliminary work for designing and developing a new robotic octopus tentacle. The biomechanical characterization of the biological material has been carried out on samples of Octopus vulgaris tentacles with engineering methods and tools, i.e. by biomechanical measurements of the tentacle elasticity and tension-compression stress/stretch curves. Another part of the activities has been devoted to the study of materials that can reproduce the viscoelastic behavior of the tentacle. The work presented here is part of the ongoing study and analysis on new design principles for actuation, sensing, and manipulation control, for robots with increased performance, in terms of dexterity, control, flexibility, applicability.
Photonic crystal alloys: a new twist in controlling photonic band structure properties (2008)

We identified new photonic structures and phenomenon that are analogous to alloy crystals and the associated electronic bandgap engineering. From a set of diamond-lattice microwave photonic crystals of randomly mixed silica and alumina spheres but with a well defined mixing composition, we observed that both bandedges of the L-point bandgap monotonically shifted with very little bowing as the composition was varied. The observed results were in excellent agreement with the virtual crystal approximation theory originally developed for electronic properties of alloy crystals. This result signifies the similarity and correspondence between photonics and electronics.
An Isoantigenic Lipoprotein from Sarcoma I (1962)

This chapter contains section titled: Isolation Procedure Properties of the Triton-Soluble Lipoprotein Modification of TSL by Snake Venom Summary References Discussion
An in vitro evaluation of guanfacine as a substrate for P-glycoprotein (2011)

The results of the intracellular accumulation study suggest that guanfacine is, at best, a weak P-gp substrate. Therefore, it is unlikely that P-gp, or any genetic variants thereof, are a determining factor in the interindividual variability of response observed with guanfacine therapy.
A new nos gene downstream from nosDFY is essential for dissimilatory reduction of nitrous oxide by Rhizobium (Sinorhizobium) meliloti (1997)

Rhizobium (Sinorhizobium) meliloti strains capable of dissimilatory nitrous oxide reduction (Nos+) carry a nosRZDFY gene cluster on a 10.1 kb EcoRI fragment of the nod megaplasmid near the fixGHIS genes. These nos genes are arranged in three complementation groups and the 10.1 kb EcoRI fragment is sufficient to confer Nos activity to R. meliloti strains lacking such activity. An overlapping HindIII fragment containing the nosRZDFY genes but missing a 0-6 kb HindIII-EcoRI downstream segment was found incapable of imparting Nos activity to strains unable to reduce nitrous oxide, suggesting the presence of other nos gene(s) in this region. Tn5 introduced near the HindIII site resulted in mutants with a Nos- phenotype. Complete sequence analysis of nosY showed that it was well-conserved with respect to that of Pseudomonas stutzeri. Two previously unreported genes downstream of nosY in R. meliloti were also revealed. Contiguous with nosY was a sequence showing 63% identity with the ORFL protein of P. stutzeri. It appeared to be in the same operon as nosDFY and was predicted to encode a membrane lipoprotein similar to the putative NosL of P. stutzeri. Unlike the latter protein, however, amino acid sequences typical of metal-binding sites and cysteine residues indicative of the active site of protein disulphide isomerase were absent in the predicted NosL of R. mellioti. The Tn5 mutations resulting in a Nos- phenotype were localized within a 966 nucleotide gene 31 nucleotides downstream of nosDFYL with the same orientation. The new gene, nosX, was determined to be in a separate complementation group. It encoded a periplasmic protein with homology in the C-terminal domain with Rnff of Rhodobacter capsulatus and with a hypothetical Escherichia coli protein, YOJK. It was concluded that there are seven genes constituting the nos cluster in R. meliloti. They are organized in four complementation groups and in the same orientation, spanning a distance of about 9 kb on the nod megaplasmid.
Ultrahigh Throughput On‐Chip Synthesis of Microgels with Tunable Mechanical Properties (2021)

Abstract Microgels, 1–100 µm sized hydrogel particles, have emerged as versatile materials for constructing injectable tissue scaffolds, with superb control over various properties. Microfluidic synthesis of microgels offers significant advantages over conventional batch synthesis such as high uniformity and precise control over emulsion size. Despite these positive attributes, the gelation of microfluidic droplets is typically performed off‐chip, compromising the particle homogeneity, and confounding the ability to control their mechanical properties. To address this, a multistep microgel synthesis line is developed, comprising of a flow focusing droplet generator followed by a UV‐curing stage that delivers a precise UV dosage to each droplet, allowing precise control of the mechanical properties of hydrogel microparticles. Furthermore, parallel operation of 4080 identical synthesis lines on a single chip is demonstrates, generating precisely defined microgels at a throughput appropriate for commercial and clinical translation. The system is validated by generating poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate microgel particles with a diameter down to 40 µm at a throughput above 1 kg h −1 (10 6 particles s −1 ), with a coefficient of variation of 3%. It is demonstrated that the stiffness of the microgels can be precisely controlled from 10 3 to 10 4 Pa by varying the UV dosage.
Gtoc 9: Results From The Astrodynamics Research Group Of Penn State (Team Argops) (2018)

Presented in this paper are methods and results of the Astrodynamics Research Group of Penn State (ARGoPS) for the 9th Global Trajectory Optimization Competition. The optimization strategy utilized a beam search method to determine the optimal sequence of missions and transfers between debris, including the order in which to visit each group, the timing of each visit throughout the mission window in order to minimize the number of missions, and the total cost per transfer. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) was<br> applied to the optimized ordering of debris visits in order to determine the departure date and timeof-flight combination which best minimize the fuel required for each transfer. This method led to a solution that collected all 123 pieces of debris from their Sun-sychronous orbits in 20 total missions.
The Value of New Adjuvant Technology (2008)

The development of safe and efficacious vaccines against pathogens like malaria, HIV and TB and the induction of protective immune responses in populations with impaired immunity such as the elderly remain major challenges. The growing understanding of the role of the innate immune system in the initial triggering of specific, adaptive immune responses has stimulated new vaccine-concepts, especially in the field of adjuvant development. Over the past two decades GSK Biologicals has developed an Adjuvant Systems (AS) platform. AS families are formulated with selected antigen(s) and are designed to enhance the immune response to the targeted pathogen for the target population. Extensive preclinical and clinical testing has lead to the development of AS-based candidate vaccines for malaria (RTS,S), HSV, H5N1 prepandemic influenza, and licensed vaccines for HBV and cervical cancer prevention (HPV) formulated with novel adjuvant technology.The GSK proprietary novel Adjuvant System AS04 (aluminium hydroxide combined with the immunostimulatory molecule, 3-0-desacyl-4′-monophosphoryl lipid A) has been combined with HPV 16 and -18 virus-like-particles to tailor the immune response optimally against a virus that typically hides from the immune system. The immune response induced by the AS04-adjuvanted cervical cancer vaccine has been assessed in pre-clinical and clinical studies. In clinical studies, GSK’s both HPV-16 and -18 L1-VLPs when adjuvanted with AS04, induced a stronger and more sustained immune response for at least 4 years after the first dose, than when adjuvanted with aluminium hydroxide alone. In addition, AS04 allowed for higher and sustained concentrations of neutralising antibodies, as well as higher frequencies of memory B-cells.1Giannini S.L. et al.Vaccine. 2006; 24: 5937-5949Crossref PubMed Scopus (428) Google Scholar New vaccine technologies have opened the door to vaccination against diseases that were not preventable before. GSK has formulated its cervical cancer vaccine with AS04 to address the need for long term protection against oncogenic HPV, a virus that typically hides from the immune system and for which the disease remain silent for years, if not detected by classical screening methods such as PAP smears.
Real-time monitoring of atmospheric aerosol at New Haven, CT for fluorescence spectra, particle size and concentration (2007)

A real-time aerosol-particle monitoring system is developed to measure size, concentration, and UV-laser-induced-fluorescence spectra. Data for atmospheric particles at New Haven, CT are measured over 48-hours and heirarchically cluster into various categories.
Evaluation of moving object detection techniques for low resolution videos (2016)

In this paper, we propose a method for detecting moving objects in a video stream. Initially four existing methods, Basic Background Subtraction (BSS), Frame Differencing (FD), Adaptive Background Subtraction (ABS) and Background Subtraction Frame Differencing (BSFD) are evaluated for low resolution action recognition videos. Focus of this paper is on low resolution videos as most of the time CCTV recordings of the public areas are of low resolution. Recognizing an action performed by a human being in such a video is a challenging task. Videos recorded with various view angles are used for testing to evaluate view invariance property of algorithms. Concept of three frame differencing method is used along with adaptive background in an Adaptive Background subtraction and Frame Differencing (ABSFD) method proposed in this paper. A dynamic background image is used to detect the moving object. Background is updated with small constant value to accommodate minute changes in background. The proposed algorithm gives consistent results for videos recorded at different view angles. The experimental results show that this algorithm can detect moving objects successfully with precision above 95% in most of the test cases.
The Effects of Sperm Extracts and Energy Sources on the Motility and Acrosome Reaction of Hamster Spermatozoa in vitro (1977)

Extracts of washed spermatozoa from hamster and guinea pig cauda epididymidis and of human ejaculated sperm, were all found to stimulate the motility of unwashed hamster epididymal spermatozoa in vitro, and to support development of fertilizing ability. The motility of hamster spermatozoa was only sustained in the presence of both sperm extracts and appropriate energy substrates, indicating a synergistic effect of the motility-stimulating component of the sperm extracts with energy sources. Albumin was also required for the development of fertilizing ability by hamster sperm. Comparison of different combinations of energy substrates indicated that pyruvate was the most important energy source for sperm motility and the acrosome reaction, but glucose and lactate played supporting roles. In all three species examined, the component of the sperm extracts that was responsible for stimulating hamster sperm motility was found to be heat-stable and to have the same elution volume on a Sephadex G-10 column, with an estimated molecular weight of about 200. These properties are identical to those of the sperm motility-stimulating factor found in blood serum and adrenal gland, suggesting that the active components may be similar if not the same.
The circuit with valley switching technique (2007)

To implement soft switching in power management integrated circuit, a valley switching technique was proposed in this paper. Valley switching technique can significantly reduce the switching losses by discharging the parasitical capacitor across MOSFET before the switch is turned on. In order to improve the precision of valley detection, a principle of modulating hysteretic window was proposed to reduce the delay. The practical circuit was analyzed and simulated to verify this approach. The results showed that the performance of the circuit is consistent with expectations well.
User Assignment in C-RAN Systems: Algorithms and Bounds (2018)

In this paper, we investigate the problem of mitigating interference between so-called antenna domains of a cloud radio access network (C-RAN). In contrast to previous work, we turn to an approach utilizing primarily the optimal assignment of users to central processors in a C-RAN deployment. We formulate this user assignment problem as an integer optimization problem and propose an iterative algorithm for obtaining a solution. Motivated by the lack of optimality guarantees on such solutions, we opt to find lower bounds on the problem and the resulting interference leakage in the network. We thus derive the corresponding Dantzig-Wolfe decomposition, formulate the dual problem, and show that the former offers a tighter bound than the latter. We highlight the fact that the bounds in question consist of linear problems with an exponential number of variables and adapt the column generation method for solving them. In addition to shedding light on the tightness of the bounds in question, our numerical results show significant sum-rate gains over several comparison schemes. Moreover, the proposed scheme delivers similar performance as weighted minimum mean squared-error (MMSE) with a significantly lower complexity (around 10 times less).
Enhancing the performance of the T-peel test for thin and flexible adhered laminates (2016)

Symmetrically bonded thin and flexible T-peel specimens, when tested on vertical travel machines, can be subject to significant gravitational loading, with the associated asymmetry and mixed-mode failure during peeling. This can cause erroneously high experimental peel forces to be recorded which leads to uncertainty in estimating interfacial fracture toughness and failure mode. To overcome these issues, a mechanical test fixture has been designed, for use with vertical test machines, that supports the unpeeled portion of the test specimen and suppresses parasitic loads due to gravity from affecting the peel test. The mechanism, driven by the test machine cross-head, moves at one-half of the velocity of the cross-head such that the unpeeled portion always lies in the plane of the instantaneous center of motion. Several specimens such as bonded polymeric films, laminates, and commercial tapes were tested with and without the fixture, and the importance of the proposed T-peel procedure has been demonstrated.
Relationships Between Pepper Weevil and Internal Mold of Sweet Pepper (1989)

Alternaria alternata was recovered from 37-63% of pepper weevil (Anthonomus eugenii) punctures on bell pepper (Capsicum annuum), depending on age of the fruit. In artificial inoculation studies, the germ tube of A. alternata elongated and entered puncture wounds, which ultimately showed internal mold similar to natural infections. Evidence of direct penetration of epidermal tissue was not observed. Our data suggest a direct relationship between pepper weevil damage and internal mold caused by A. alternata
ChemInform Abstract: N‐((N‐NITROSOBENZYLAMINO)METHYL)BENZAMIDE AS A DIRECT BENZYLATING AGENT (1978)

Abstract Mit der Nitrosoverbindung (I) lassen sich verschiedene Verbindungen benzylieren.
A new approach for computing the bandwidth statistics of avalanche photodiodes (2000)

A new approach for characterizing the avalanche-buildup-time-limited bandwidth of avalanche photodiodes (APD's) is introduced which relies on the direct knowledge of the statistics of the random response time. The random response time is the actual duration of the APD's finite buildup limited random impulse response function. A theory is developed characterizing the probability distribution function (PDF) of the random response time. Recurrence equations are derived and numerically solved to yield the PDF of the random response time. The PDF is then used to compute the mean and the standard deviation of the bandwidth. The dependence of the mean and the standard deviation of the bandwidth on the APD mean gain and the ionization coefficient ratio is investigated. Exact asymptotics of the tail of the PDF of the response time are also developed to aid the computation efficiency. The technique can be readily applied to multiplication models which incorporate dead space and can be extended to cases for which the carrier ionization coefficient is position dependent.
3SA4-03 Neutron crystallographic analysis of human deoxyhemoglobin(3SA4 Hemoglobin revisited,The 47th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society of Japan) (2009)

TheBiophysicalSociety of
A Thermal Pulse Induced by a Permian Mantle Plume in the Tarim Basin, Northwest China: Constraints From Clumped Isotope Thermometry and In Situ Calcite U‐Pb Dating (2021)

Abstract High burial temperature and a lack of material for traditional thermal proxies significantly impede the understanding of the thermal history of carbonate stratigraphic sequences in deep time. Carbonate clumped isotope thermometry interpreted through models of solid‐state isotopic reordering and in situ U‐Pb dating provides a new methodology for reconstructing thermal histories of such successions. Calcite fabrics (micrite cements and veins) from deeply buried (5,000–8,000 m) Ordovician carbonate intervals in the Tarim Basin were analyzed for their carbonate clumped isotope compositions and U‐Pb ages, and the results were used to estimate maximum peak burial temperatures. Reconstructed burial temperatures reveal a previously ignored thermal pulse in the range of 160°C–190°C during the Permian period. Maximum geothermal gradients at the time of peak burial temperature varied from 26.8°C/km to 69.3°C/km, with higher values in the northern Tarim Basin. We show that the spatial patterns of peak burial temperature and geothermal gradients closely correspond to the distribution of the Tarim Large Igneous Province, which emplaced during the Permian following the emplacement of a mantle plume beneath the Tarim Basin. We thus propose that the thermal pulse recorded in Tarim Ordovician limestones resulted from Permian mantle plume activity. The reconstructed thermal history has important implications for our understanding of source‐rock hydrocarbon generating history, hydrocarbon accumulation, and fluid flow history in the Tarim Basin. This study also demonstrates the potential of the integration of Δ 47 , U‐Pb dating of carbonates and solid‐state reordering models as an integrated thermochronological method for reconstructing thermal histories of deeply buried carbonate intervals.
Using Fagin's algorithm for merging ranked results in multimedia middleware (1999)

A distributed multimedia information system allows users to access data of different modalities, from different data sources, ranked by various combinations of criteria. Fagin (1996) gives an algorithm for efficiently merging multiple ordered streams of ranked results, to form a new stream ordered by a combination of those ranks. In this paper we describe the implementation of Fagin's algorithm in an actual multimedia middleware system, including a novel, incremental version of the algorithm that supports dynamic exploration of data. We show that the algorithm would perform well as part of a single multimedia server and can even be effective in the distributed environment (for a limited set of queries), but that the assumptions it makes about random access limit its applicability dramatically. Our experience provides a better understanding of an important algorithm, and exposes an open problem for distributed multimedia information systems.
Feeding Rats Dietary Resistant Starch Reduces both the Binding of ChREBP and the Acetylation of Histones on the Thrsp Gene in the Jejunum (2011)

We have previously reported that the thyroid hormone-responsive spot 14 protein (Thrsp) gene is expressed in rat jejunum. In this study, we found that jejunal mRNA and protein expressions of Thrsp were markedly reduced in rats fed a diet containing a high amount of resistant starch (RS), which is an indigestible starch, for 7 days, compared with those fed a regular starch diet. Furthermore, we found that the binding of carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP), which is a key transcription factor for the Thrsp gene, and the acetylation of histones H3 and H4, which is one of the histone modifications for transactivation, on the Thrsp gene were reduced by feeding the RS diet. These results suggest that the reduction of jejunal Thrsp gene expression by feeding a diet rich in less-digestible starch is associated with decreases in the binding of ChREBP and the acetylation of histones on the gene.
Broadband amplification characteristics of tellurite-based EDFAs (1997)

We investigate the broadband amplification characteristics of tellurite-based EDFAs by measuring signal excited-state absorption cross-sections and signal gain spectra. The results indicate that the tellurite-based EDFAs operate up to 1634 nm in the longer wavelength region. In addition, we confirm the feasibility of 0.98 μm pumping for tellurite-based EDFAs.
New high temperature furnace for structure refinement by powder diffraction in controlled atmospheres using synchrotron radiation (1999)

A low thermal gradient furnace design is described which utilizes Debye–Scherrer geometry for performing high temperature x-ray powder diffraction with synchrotron radiation at medium and high energies (35–100 keV). The furnace has a maximum operating temperature of 1800 K with a variety of atmospheres including oxidizing, inert, and reducing. The capability for sample rotation, to ensure powder averaging, has been built into the design without compromising thermal stability or atmosphere control. The ability to perform high-resolution Rietveld refinement on data obtained at high temperatures has been demonstrated, and data collected on standard Al2O3 powder is presented. Time-resolved data on the orthorhombic to rhombohedral solid state phase transformation of SrCO3 is demonstrated using image plates. Rietveld refinable spectra, collected in as little as 8 s, opens the possibility of performing time-resolved structural refinements of phase transformations.