gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental demonstration of the induction-shimming concept in superconductive undulators (2009)

In an undulator, magnetic field errors limit the quality of the emitted photon beam. In an ideal undulator, the sinusoidal motion of the electron beam and the emitted photons are in phase along the whole trajectory. Small variations in the magnetic field from period to period can produce phase errors and have to be corrected. This procedure is called shimming. Recently, a new scheme for superconductive undulators based on Faraday's law of induction in a type-II superconductor was proposed in which these errors are automatically minimized. The field errors create currents and therefore magnetic fields in an array of coupled high temperature superconductor loops which minimize the field errors. In this paper the first experimental results of a test of this new concept are described.
Cation−π Interactions Stabilize the Structure of the Antimicrobial Peptide Indolicidin near Membranes:  Molecular Dynamics Simulations (2006)

We implemented molecular dynamics simulations of the 13-residue antimicrobial peptide indolicidin (ILPWKWPWWPWRR-NH2) in dodecylphosphocholine (DPC) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micelles. In DPC, a persistent cation-pi interaction between TRP11 and ARG13 defined the structure of the peptide near the interface. A transient cation-pi interaction was also observed between TRP4 and the choline group on DPC lipids. We also implemented simulation of a mutant of indolicidin in the DPC micelle where TRP11 was replaced by ALA11. As a result of the mutation, the boat-shaped conformation is lost and the structure becomes significantly less defined. On the basis of this evidence, we argue that cation-pi interactions determine the experimentally measured, well-defined boat-shaped structure of indolicidin. In SDS, the lack of such interactions and the electrostatic binding of the terminal arginine residues to the sulfate groups leads to an extended peptide structure. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a cation-pi interaction between peptide side chains has been shown to stabilize the structure of a small antimicrobial peptide. The simulations are in excellent agreement with available experimental measurements: the backbone of the peptide is more ordered in DPC than in SDS; the tryptophan side chains pack against the backbone in DPC and point away from the backbone in SDS; the rms fluctuation of the peptide backbone and peptide side chains is greater in SDS than in DPC; and the peptide backbone order parameters are higher in DPC than in SDS.
Analysis of p53 and ras Gene Mutations in Endometriosis (1994)

No activating mutations in codons 12, 13 and 61 of ras genes nor inactivating mutations in exons 5-9 of the p53 tumor suppressor gene were detected by polymerase chain reaction and single-strand conformation polymorphism methods in either eutopic or ectopic endometrium from 10 women with severe endometriosis.
UK Food Standards Agency Workshop Report: carbohydrate and cardiovascular risk (2010)

This report summarises a workshop convened by the UK Food Standards Agency (FSA) on 14 October 2008 to discuss current FSA-funded research on carbohydrates and cardiovascular health. The objective of this workshop was to discuss the results of recent research and to identify any areas which could inform future FSA research calls. This workshop highlighted that the FSA is currently funding some of the largest, well-powered intervention trials investigating the type of fat and carbohydrate, whole grains and fruit and vegetables, on various CVD risk factors. Results of these trials will make a substantive contribution to the evidence on diet and cardiovascular risk.
Seismic Migration: A Digital Filtering Process Reducing Oil Exploration Risks [Applications Corner] (2012)

Humans consider oil and gas to be important natural energy resources: they are used to fuel our cars, generate power, and produce plastics and fertilizers, among other things. To produce oil or gas, we need first to determine the subsurface structure. This can be done by the reflection seismology method. This geophysical technique relies on the generation of artificial seismic waves and the recording of their reflections from different geological layers. However, such acquired seismic data does not reveal an accurate image of the subsurface unless we use appropriate signal processing such as frequency and/or wavenumber filtering, multichannel and/ or multidimensional filtering, deconvolution, and so on [1].
Hardware implementations of denormalized numbers (2004)

Denormalized numbers are the most difficult type of numbers to implement in floating-point units. They are so complex that some designs have elected to handle them in software rather than hardware. This has resulted in execution times in the tens of thousands of cycles, which has made denormalized numbers useless to programmers. This does not have to happen. With a small amount of additional hardware, denormalized numbers and underflows can be handled close to the speed of normalized numbers. We will summarize the little known techniques for handling denormalized numbers. Most of the techniques discussed have only been discussed in filed or pending patent applications.
From the Editor: Electronics and Photonics Lead the Way (2006)

This particular issue of the magazine features the Electronics and Photonics Division. This Division was formed on April 24, 1931 at the ECS meeting in Salt Lake City; but another two decades elapsed before it really started to grow.
Field Evaporation of a Screw Dislocation in Tungsten (1968)

A complex crystal defect in tungsten has been examined in detail by means of the field ion microscope. Field evaporation has been employed to remove the metal surface, making visible the three-dimensional structure of the defect. The defect has been identified as a grain boundary appearing in(1̄16) of one grain and(11̄6) of the other, so that the grains are misoriented by an angle of 26.5° rotation about the direction [110], which corresponds to the axis of the wire sample. A screw dislocation intersects (110), which is shared by both grains. The intersection of the screw dislocation with the surface produces a spiral on (110) which can be made to rotate under field evaporation. The direction of the Burgers vector of the dislocation has been found to be [110], and the Burgers vector magnitude is an integral multiple of the (110) plane spacing. The Burgers vector magnitude of the dislocation increases as the sample is removed, producing multiple spirals on (110).
THE PROPOSAL OF A DESIGN METHOD OF THE JOINT STRUCTURE FOR THE STEEL / CONCRETE TRUSS BRIDGE (2006)

PC橋梁上部工で開発が活発に行われている複合構造橋梁の一形式として，上下床版にコンクリート，ウェブに鋼トラスを用いた複合トラス橋がある．複合トラス橋では，異種材料の部材間で力を伝達する接合部の構造性能が非常に重要である．これまでに著者らは，製作性・施工性に優れ，確実な断面力の伝達を可能とする新しい格点構造として鋼製ボックス式格点構造を考案して様々な実験や解析などの検討を行い，国内で最初の複合トラス橋となる木ノ川高架橋と山倉川橋の実現に反映させた． 本論文では，これまでに考案された種々の格点構造を概観して特徴を整理し，その結果を踏まえ，著者らが提案した格点構造の設計体系とその構築にあたって行った実験的・解析的検討結果について述べる．
L'écho-endoscopie haute est-elle nécessaire dans le bilan de l'achalasie et des autres troubles moteurs oesophagiens? (2019)

L'étiologie de l'achalasie primaire du sphincter inférieur de l'oesophage est inconnue. L'écho-endoscopie haute (EEH) est recommandée dans le bilan initial chez les patients présentant une achalasie afin d'éliminer le diagnostic de pseudoachalasie et de rechercher un épaississement typique de la paroi oesophagienne. En pratique clinique, la réalisation de l'EEH est discutée dû à des résultats contradictoires dans la littérature notamment concernant la reproductibilité de la mesure de la paroi oesophagienne. Le but de cette étude était d'évaluer la contribution clinique des résultats d'EEH à la prise en charge de l'achalasie.
Search for an electric charge of the neutron (2018)

The electrical neutrality of the neutron is linked to the electric charge quantization. It is not understood yet if the electric charge is quantized or not. Since the discovery of the neutron, many attempts have been made to measure its electric charge ${q}_{n}$ directly and indirectly. We present a method to search for a possible ${q}_{n}$ by means of an optical setup using ultracold neutrons. In a first run, a statistical sensitivity of $\ensuremath{\delta}{q}_{n}=2.4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}20}\text{ }\text{ }e/\sqrt{\mathrm{day}}$ is achieved. Possible improvements to increase this sensitivity down to $\ensuremath{\delta}{q}_{n}\ensuremath{\approx}1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}21}\text{ }\text{ }e/\sqrt{\mathrm{day}}$ are found and discussed.
Electrical transport properties of a nanorod GaN p-n homojunction grown by molecular-beam epitaxy (2008)

We investigated the electrical properties of a GaN nanorod p-n junction diode patterned on a SiO2 substrate using e-beam lithography. The electron transport mechanisms were characterized by temperature-dependence and current-voltage measurements. At a low temperature, the current-voltage curves showed that the current slowly increased with a given voltage for the forward bias and hardly changed for the reverse bias, indicating the tunneling current dominates through the deep trap barrier. At a high temperature, however, the current-voltage curves exhibited strong temperature dependence suggesting that thermionic emission with an activation energy of 19.1meV over a barrier dominated.
Electrical pumped integrated III/V laser lattice-matched to a Silicon substrate (2011)

In this paper we also discuss the latest achievement in the development and improvement of electrically injected Ga(NAsP) laser diodes lattice matched to (001) Si. In particular, the conductivity of the cladding layers has been optimized to reduce the voltage drop across the device hetero-structures. While these first laser diodes have been deposited on 2 inch Si wafer in a horizontal MOVPE reactor, the current research activity concentrates on the process transfer to 300 mm Si wafers in a production epitaxy system. The challenges and opportunities of growing GaP based materials on 300 mm substrates in a Close-Couple-Showerhead cluster tool as well as the final device concept will be discussed in view of CMOS capability and industrial process optimisation.
The dynamic and stress-adaptive signaling hub of 14-3-3: emerging mechanisms of regulation and context-dependent protein–protein interactions (2018)

14-3-3 proteins are a family of structurally similar phospho-binding proteins that regulate essentially every major cellular function. Decades of research on 14-3-3s have revealed a remarkable network of interacting proteins that demonstrate how 14-3-3s integrate and control multiple signaling pathways. In particular, these interactions place 14-3-3 at the center of the signaling hub that governs critical processes in cancer, including apoptosis, cell cycle progression, autophagy, glucose metabolism, and cell motility. Historically, the majority of 14-3-3 interactions have been identified and studied under nutrient-replete cell culture conditions, which has revealed important nutrient driven interactions. However, this underestimates the reach of 14-3-3s. Indeed, the loss of nutrients, growth factors, or changes in other environmental conditions (e.g., genotoxic stress) will not only lead to the loss of homeostatic 14-3-3 interactions, but also trigger new interactions, many of which are likely stress adaptive. This dynamic nature of the 14-3-3 interactome is beginning to come into focus as advancements in mass spectrometry are helping to probe deeper and identify context-dependent 14-3-3 interactions-providing a window into adaptive phosphorylation-driven cellular mechanisms that orchestrate the tumor cell's response to a variety of environmental conditions including hypoxia and chemotherapy. In this review, we discuss emerging 14-3-3 regulatory mechanisms with a focus on post-translational regulation of 14-3-3 and dynamic protein-protein interactions that illustrate 14-3-3's role as a stress-adaptive signaling hub in cancer.
Switching characteristics of an IGBT (2002)

The switching characteristics of an IGBT connected in a DC chopper were measured using a digital oscilloscope and personal computer system. The system and obtained measurements are described. The waveforms of the device's voltage, current, and power were obtained for various operating conditions. The power dissipated by the IGBT was computed using a data processing software available on the computer. The effects of snubber circuit and reverse gate voltage on the switching losses are studied. The suitability of an IGBT for high frequency switching applications is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Electron and hole transport in degenerate semiconductors (1986)

Abstract Concentration‐dependent activity coefficients were used in conjunction with dilute‐solution transport equations to show the effect of degeneracy on the apparent physical properties of semiconductors and on the performance of photovoltaic cells. The approach presented here allows convenient treatment of degenerate semiconductors in a manner that is both thermodynamically consistent and consistent with the Fermi‐Dirac distribution for electrons. These calculations show that neglect of the concentration dependency of the activity coefficients has a large effect on the calculated values for local concentrations in a photovoltaic device, but affects the calculated values of power density and cell potential only slightly. Neglect of the concentration dependency of the activity coefficients does have a significant effect on the calculation of the resistivity of the semiconductor.
Influence of Triple-Lumen Central Venous Catheters Coated With Chlorhexidine and Silver Sulfadiazine on the Incidence of Catheter-Related Bacteremia (1998)

The use of CSS reduces the incidence of significant bacterial growth on either the tip or intradermal segments of coated triple-lumen catheters but has no effect on the incidence of catheter-related bacteremia. In this patient population, catheters coated with CSS provide no additional benefit over uncoated catheters.
Design of an annular‐ring microstrip antenna for circular polarization (2004)

Abstract A new circular‐polarization (CP) design of an annular‐ring microstrip antenna operating at the fundamental TM 11 mode is presented. The CP radiation of the proposed design is achieved by connecting an L‐shaped strip to two orthogonal sides of the inner boundary of the annular‐ring patch. A prototype of the proposed antenna fabricated on a foam substrate has been implemented and studied. The results show that good CP‐radiation performances are obtained and the 3‐dB axial ratio is about 2%. Good agreement is also obtained between the measured and simulated results. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 42: 156–157, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20237
Triiodothyronine [T3]-induced hypothyroxinemia: Response and survival in a compassionate care cancer patient population. (2012)

e19573 Background: Increased survival under chemically induced hypothyroidism has been reported in cancer patients with poor prognosis, but the associated morbidity can deter patient compliance. Acting via a receptor site upon the plasma membrane avβ3 integrin, L-thyroxine (T4) in physiological concentrations non-genomically activates mitogenesis and neo-angiogenesis of cancer cells and proliferating vascular endothelium. Occlusion of the receptor by tetraiodothyroacetic acid (tetrac), a T4 derivative, induces apoptosis, inhibits angiogenesis and enhances chemotherapy and radiation. 3, 5, 3’-Triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) in physiological concentrations is significantly less mitogenic than T4 and inhibits pituitary release of thyrotropin (TSH). Absence of TSH, but with T3 support, depletes circulating T4 without resultant hypothyroidism. Methods: 21 cancer patients at dispersed clinical sites with stage 4 solid tumors and projected limited survival received T3 [n=10] only or with methimazole (MT) [n=9]. Serum TSH, free T4 (FT4) and T3 concentrations were obtained initially, then monthly. FT4 levels below lower normal range were achieved in all patients within 3 to 12 weeks. Results: See Table. Conclusions: T3 treatment with resultant hypothyroxinemia in poor prognosis cancer patients was associated with favorable response rates in 17/19 subjects. Two others with aggressive tumors had extended survival on long-term T3. [Table: see text] [Table: see text] [Table: see text]
Four-channel transimpedance amplifier array in a 0.35/spl mu/m CMOS technology for parallel optical interconnects (2004)

A four-channel transimpedance amplifier array is realized in a 0.35μm standard CMOS technology. The amplifier in each channel incorporates the fully differential regulatedcascode configuration, achieving the transimpedance gain of 59.3dBΩ, the -3dB bandwidth of 2.45GHz for 0.5pF photodiode capacitance, and the average noise current spectral density of 16 pA/Hz. The TIA array dissipated the power consumption of 92mW in total from a single 2.5V supply. The whole chip occupies the area of 2.5x1mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Probabilistic model-building genetic algorithms (2008)

Probabilistic model-building algorithms (PMBGAs) replace traditional variation of genetic and evolutionary algorithms by (1) building a probabilistic model of promising solutions and (2) sampling the built model to generate new candidate solutions. PMBGAs are also known as estimation of distribution algorithms (EDAs) and iterated density-estimation algorithms (IDEAs).
Abstract 70 (2014)

AMERICAN SOCIETY OF PLASTIC SURGEONS PLASTIC & RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY PRS GLOBAL OPEN ASPS EDUCATION NETWORK AMERICAN SOCIETY OF PLASTIC SURGEONS PLASTIC & RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY PRS GLOBAL OPEN ASPS EDUCATION NETWORK
Spatial coherence in human tissue: implications for imaging and measurement (2020)

The spatial coherence properties of the signal backscattered by human tissue and measured by an ultrasound transducer array are investigated. Fourier acoustics are used to describe the propagation of ultrasound through a model of tissue that includes reverberation and random scatterering in the imaging plane. The theoretical development describes how the near-field tissue layer, transducer aperture properties, and reflectivity function at the focus reduce the spatial coherence of the imaging wave measured at the transducer surface. Simulations are used to propagate the acoustic field through a histologically characterized sample of the human abdomen and to validate the theoretical predictions. In vivo measurements performed with a diagnostic ultrasound scanner demonstrate that simulations and theory closely match the measured spatial coherence characteristics in the human body across the transducer array’s entire spatial extent. The theoretical framework and simulations are then used to describe the physics of spatial coherence imaging, a type of ultrasound imaging that measures coherence properties instead of echo brightness. The same echo data from an F/2 transducer was used to generate B-mode and short lag spatial coherence images. For an anechoic lesion at the focus the contrast to noise ratio is 1.21 for conventional B-mode imaging and 1.95 for spatial coherence imaging. It is shown that the contrast in spatial coherence imaging depends on the properties of the near-field tissue layer and the backscattering function in the focal plane.
Direction and magnitude of cerebrospinal fluid flow vary substantially across central nervous system diseases (2021)

The present observations provide in vivo quantitative evidence for substantial variation in direction and magnitude of CSF flow, with re-direction of aqueductal flow in communicating hydrocephalus, and significant extra-cranial CSF production. The grading of ventricular reflux of tracer shows promise as a clinical useful method to assess CSF flow pattern disturbances in patients.
Low-Cost Flat Plate Adapters for Dual Primary Payload Missions (2010)

A dual payload flat plate adapter (FPA) supports co-manifested primary payloads allowing one rocket launch to support two satellites. The payloads may be part of a single mission requiring a tandem satellite launch or the payloads may be piggybacked on the same launch vehicle to maximize access to space for small satellites. Multi-payload adapters ensure launch vehicle excess space lift capacity is not wasted, providing small satellite manufacturers lower cost to orbit. Requirements for FPAs include designs that are optimized for both stiffness and weight as well as being low in design and manufacturing cost. This paper details two FPAs through design, manufacture, test and delivery.
Myogenin Induces the Myocyte-Specific Enhancer Binding Factor MEF-2 Independently of Other Muscle-Specific Gene Products (1991)

The myocyte-specific enhancer-binding factor MEF-2 is a nuclear factor that interacts with a conserved element in the muscle creatine kinase and myosin light-chain 1/3 enhancers (L. A. Gossett, D. J. Kelvin, E. A. Sternberg, and E. N. Olson, Mol. Cell. Biol. 9:5022-5033, 1989). We show in this study that MEF-2 is regulated by the myogenic regulatory factor myogenin and that mitogenic signals block this regulatory interaction. Induction of MEF-2 by myogenin occurs in transfected 10T1/2 cells that have been converted to myoblasts by myogenin, as well as in CV-1 kidney cells that do not activate the myogenic program in response to myogenin. Through mutagenesis of the MEF-2 site, we further defined the binding site requirements for MEF-2 and identified potential MEF-2 sites within numerous muscle-specific regulatory regions. The MEF-2 site was also found to bind a ubiquitous nuclear factor whose binding specificity was similar to but distinct from that of MEF-2. Our results reveal that MEF-2 is controlled, either directly or indirectly, by a myogenin-dependent regulatory pathway and suggest that growth factor signals suppress MEF-2 expression through repression of myogenin expression or activity. The ability of myogenin to induce MEF-2 activity in CV-1 cells, which do not activate downstream genes associated with terminal differentiation, also demonstrates that myogenin retains limited function within cell types that are nonpermissive for myogenesis and suggests that MEF-2 is regulated independently of other muscle-specific genes.
Establish Sorptive Test System and Validation of the Reduction Indoor HCHO Concentrations by Building Material in Taiwan (2011)

With the countries in the world gradually emphasize that the well-controlled of indoor air quality (IAQ) and indoor environment health (IEH) would reduce the hazards of human health. This study response the international community has been launched sorptive building materials, such as standards ISO, JIS, etc in recent years, and based on ISO 16000-23 through the small-scale chamber equipment system to develop and establish “sorptive building material test system, SBMTS”, National Performance Laboratory Center in Taiwan. In accordance with standard operating procedures (SOP) to validation of the test system and provided for sorption test by three building materials. The results was verified SBMTS to conform concentrations of HCHO recovery more than 80% by repeatedly sampling and the system was meet the stability through the instrument monitoring display, which could to provide the relevant performance validation and testing for SBM. This study according results with sorption test of select foreign and domestic by building materials, and the performance calculation include the sorption flux, Fm and the equivalent ventilation rate, Fv, eq by SBM, which could provide to reference of the national standards.