gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Why are weight loss outcomes unequal despite similar reductions in gastric volume? (2021)

Although considered by many as unjustified, the perception of bariatric surgery by patients and healthcare providers remains poor [1]. Therefore, the development of non-surgical minimally invasive strategies that alter the gastrointestinal tract to induce the physical and physiologic effects of bariatric surgery is required. An endoscopic technique that exclusively emulates the physical elements of surgery (restriction/volume reduction) will not fully reproduce the weight loss and metabolic benefits observed by patients undergoing the most commonly performed bariatric surgery, namely laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) [2]. However, until the precise pathologic mechanisms causing the profound physiologic alterations are discovered, the next best alternative is to offer an appealing, safe, well-tolerated, and effective technique that at least imitates the physical appearances of bariatric surgery, such as endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty (ESG) [3].
An Adaptive Line Equalizer LSI for ISDN Subscriber Loops (1987)

An adaptive line equalizer LSI which realizes 320kbit/s burst-mode transmission is described. The automatic gain control (AGC) circuit comprised of switched capacitor filters (SCFs) can adaptively equalize cable loss characteristics up to 53dB insertion loss at Nyquist frequency (160kHz). A chip area 40mm2 and power consumption 80mW are achieved in 3?mCMOS technology.
Natural Course of Neonatal Progeroid Syndrome (2009)

Increased chromosomal breakage and the presence of basal ganglia calcification after early childhood suggest that DNA repair defects are involved in the pathogenesis of this disorder. This rare disorder represents a complex of symptoms with unknown cause and pathogenesis, and more than one disease may account for the clinical variability of NPS.
The Role of microRNAs in Cancer (2015)

lin-4 and let-7 RNAs were reported to be part of a very large class of small endogenous RNAs found in worms, flies, and mammals which were named microRNAs (miRNAs). The indications that miRNAs play important roles in human cancer came from studies of their functions in animal models and cancer cells. This chapter discusses the pivotal role of miRNAs in tumor formation and progression. It examines the current landscape for targeting miRNAs in cancer setting and the path from translating a miRNA lab discovery into a therapeutically useful modality. The chapter also talks about miRNAs in therapy. Despite all advances that have been made in the new era of miRNA therapeutics there is a significant gap between basic research on miRNAs and clinical application. With better understanding of miRNA's function in tumor progression and more sophisticated design of miRNA-modulating molecules, miRNA-mediated therapy will give a new impetus to cure cancer.
On Characteristic Eigenvalues of Complex Media in Surface Integral Formulations (2017)

Although the surface integral equations (SIEs) have been extensively used in solving electromagnetic problems of penetrable objects, there are still open issues relating to their application to the Theory of Characteristic Modes (CMs). This letter demonstrates that when an SIE is used to solve for the CMs of a dielectric or magnetic object, the resulting eigenvalues are unrelated to the reactive power of the object, unlike the eigenvalues of perfect electric conductors. However, it is proposed that the classical eigenvalues, which provide useful physical insights, can be extracted from the SIE CM solution using Poynting's theorem. Large discrepancies between the SIE CM eigenvalues and the proposed eigenvalues, as well as the eigenvalue-derived characteristic quantities, are highlighted using a numerical example. The modal resonances, as predicted by the proposed eigenvalues, closely match those obtained for natural resonance modes.
Including Failure Case Studies in Civil Engineering Courses (1993)

Although the ideal would be to teach a special course in failure studies of constructed facilities in which appropriate lecture materials are available, an alternative is to add failure case studies to existing civil engineering courses. A method by which this can be accomplished without requiring additional expenditures of time and money, and special forensic expertise by the teacher, is to require a term paper on a review of a specific case study from a civil engineering journal. A detailed description is given on the requirements and administration of the term‐paper assignment during the duration of the course.
Challenges in Managing ISO 26262 Software Development Projects (2015)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Managing ISO 26262 software development projects is a challenging task. This paper discusses major challenges in managing safety-critical projects from a high-level perspective, i.e. from a manager's point of view. We address managers (directors) with full project responsibility including software and hardware teams. Rather than discussing how to fulfill (technical) requirements stated by the ISO standard, we highlight major challenges and tough decisions a manager has to face on her way from project start up to delivery of the safety case.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;We discuss important project management topics and best practices such as negotiation issues with the contractor (OEM), selection of the appropriate functional safety manager, general ISO 262626-related project management matters, as well as contractual issues with supplier such as development interface agreement. We discuss the topics on the basis of real-life experience we collected during several ISO 26262 management projects.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
An exceptional X-ray flare on the dMe star EQ1839.6 + 8002 (1997)

A large impulsive flare was detected serendipitously during observations of the radio galaxy 3C390.3 made with the Ginga satellite on 1991 February 14, between 22:30 and 23:00 (UT). The dMe star EQ1839.6 + 8002 is the most likely source of this flare. The rise of the flare was observed and the spectra obtained are of sufficient quality to determine the temperature and emission measure as a function of time. The flare is exceptional in its high peak temperature (Te ∼ 108 K) and emission measure ( ∼ 9 × 1053 cm−3), the largest recorded for a flare on a dMe star, and comparable with those for flares in RS CVn systems. The normalized X-ray luminosity is also very large (Lx/Lbol ∼ 0.25). The flare geometry and plasma parameters are derived by making various assumptions concerning the dominant terms in the internal energy equation, which takes account of a varying mass and volume. The initial heating appears to be proportional to the gas pressure. At the peak Te the electron density is ∼ 1.7 × 1012 cm−3, and the hot plasma has a length ∼ 1010 cm. The flare plasma then cools initially by ‘evaporative conduction’. Two alternative simple models are made of the flare decay beyond this time (cooling with constant mass or constant volume). Both require continued heating, and the latter gives results similar to those expected in quasi-static conditions. The evolution of the flare temperature and density broadly resembles that predicted by numerical simulations. Observations with the Einstein IPC, the EXOSAT LE and the ROSAT PSPC instruments show flaring and quiescent properties similar to those of the flare stars discussed by Pallavicini et al.
Supplementary Figure S2 from Increased Nerve Density Adversely Affects Outcome in Oral Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;This figure shows that Tongue SCC patients with IND equal or larger than T-AND have poor DSS&lt;/p&gt;
Experimental Validation of a Walking Model for Planar Bipeds With Curved Feet (2011)

Bipeds with curved feet typically require less energy for walking than do point- or flat-footed bipeds, and they tend to mimic human gait more closely. Thus, understanding the effects of curved feet on bipedal walking gaits has the potential to improve both humanoid robot efficiency and human rehabilitation. This paper derives the equations of motion for planar bipeds with curved feet under the assumption, among others, of instantaneous transfer of support between the legs. The paper then verifies the mathematical model by comparing the results of simulation to previous experimental results for two very different bipedal robots — McGeer’s two-link, passive dynamic walker traversing a decline and the five-link, actuated biped ERNIE walking on a treadmill with a supporting boom. In both cases, the results from simulation match the experimental results very well despite the simplifying assumptions, indicating that the mathematical model captures the dominate dynamics of bipedal robots with curved feet.
Feature article: Coral reefs: Environmental change and management (2018)

In this investigative study you need to compare environmental change in Australia with at least one other country. Throughout the activities you will compare change to coral reefs in Australia with change in countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Solomon Islands and Timor-Leste.
Active filter design using operational transconductance amplifiers: A tutorial (1985)

Basic properties of the operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) are discussed. Applications of the OTA in voltage-controlled amplifiers, filters, and impedances are presented. A versatile family of voltage-controlled filter sections suitable for systematic design requirements is described. The total number of components used in these circuits is small, and the design equations and voltage-control characteristics are attractive. Limitations as well as practical considerations of OTA-based filters using commercially available bipolar OTAs are discussed. Applications of OTAs in continuous-time monolithic filters are considered.
A mathematical model of calcium signals around laser-induced epithelial wounds (2022)

Cells around epithelial wounds must first become aware of the wound's presence in order to initiate the wound-healing process. An initial response to an epithelial wound is an increase in cytosolic calcium followed by complex calcium-signaling events. While these calcium signals are driven by both physical and chemical wound responses, cells around the wound will all be equipped with the same cellular components to produce and interact with the calcium signals. Here we have developed a mathematical model in the context of laser ablation of the <i>Drosophila</i> pupal notum that integrates tissue-level damage models with a cellular calcium-signaling toolkit. The model replicates experiments in the contexts of control wounds as well as knockdowns of specific cellular components, but it also provides new insights that are not easily accessible experimentally. The model suggests that cell-cell variability is necessary to produce calcium-signaling events observed in experiments; it quantifies calcium concentrations during wound-induced signaling events, and it shows that intercellular transfer of the molecule IP<sub>3</sub> is required to coordinate calcium signals across distal cells around the wound. The mathematical model developed here serves as a framework for quantitative studies in both wound signaling and calcium signaling in the <i>Drosophila</i> system.
Multichannel Transmission Through a Gold Strip Plasmonic Waveguide Embedded in Cytop (2013)

In this paper, we experimentally characterize a low-loss polymer-based plasmonic waveguide and present its system-level performance for transmitting multiple on-off keying modulated channels (4 × 49 Gb/s). The same waveguide also exhibits the capability of transmitting multiple differential phase shift keying modulated channels (4 × 10 Gb/s). Signal transmission has been verified through bit-error-rate measurements. The plasmonic waveguide consists of a 3.6-mm-long, 5-μm-wide, and 35-nm-thick gold strip embedded in Cytop polymer and exhibits a total optical insertion loss of approximately 13 dB at a free-space optical wavelength of 1.55 μm.
Moment-based superresolution: Formalism and applications (2021)

Sensitivity limits are usually determined using the Cram\'er-Rao bound. Recently, this approach has been used to obtain the ultimate resolution limit for the estimation of the separation between two incoherent point sources. However, methods that saturate these resolution limits usually require the full measurement statistics, which can be challenging to access. In this work we introduce a simple superresolution protocol to estimate the separation between two thermal sources which relies only on the average value of a single accessible observable. We show how optimal observables for this technique may be constructed for arbitrary thermal sources and we study their sensitivities when one has access to spatially resolved intensity measurements (direct imaging) and photon counting after spatial-mode demultiplexing. For demultiplexing, our method is optimal, i.e., it saturates the quantum Cram\'er-Rao bound. We also investigate the impact of noise on the optimal observables, their measurement sensitivity, and the scaling with the number of detected photons of the smallest resolvable separation. For low signals in the image plane, we demonstrate that our method saturates the Cram\'er-Rao bound even in the presence of noise.
Electro-optical effect in films of azobenzene polycomplexes with cobalt (2008)

Polymeric films containing azobenzene fragments with donor and acceptor groups were produced as well as films of polycomplexes of these fragments with cobalt. Absorption spectra of these films before and during application of an external electric field were investigated. Electro-optical properties of the films are conditioned by spatial reorientation of dipole moments of azobenzene groups induced by polarized light in an external electric field. Increase in dipole moments of azobenzene groups reduces the influence of cobalt ions on the electro-optical properties of the polycomplex films. In the proposed phenomenological model, the electro-optical effect is explained by effect of induced forces upon azobenzene isomers and metallic ions.
Aeroelastic Response and Flutter of Swept Aircraft Wings (2002)

A unified approach of stability and aeroelastic response of swept aircraft wings in an incompressible flow is developed. To this end, the indicial function concept in time and frequency domains is used, and on this basis the flutter instability and subcritical aeroelastic response to arbitrary time-dependent external excitation are analyzed. In addition, an original representation of the aeroelastic response in the phase space is presented, and the implications of the related results toward determining the flutter instability in flight are emphasized. Validations of selected results against the theoretical and experimental predictions are supplied, and pertinent conclusions are outlined.
Generalized virtual networking: An enabler for service centric networking and network function virtualization (2014)

In this paper we introduce the Generalized Virtual Networking (GVN) concept. GVN provides a framework to influence the routing of packets based on service level information that is carried in the packets. It is based on a protocol header inserted between the Network and Transport layers, therefore it can be seen as a layer 3.5 solution. Technically, GVN is proposed as a new transport layer protocol in the TCP/IP protocol suite. An IP router that is not GVN capable will simply process the IP destination address as usual. Similar concepts have been proposed in other works, and referred to as Service Oriented Networking, Service Centric Networking, Application Delivery Networking, but they are now generalized in the proposed GVN framework. In this respect, the GVN header is a generic container that can be adapted to serve the needs of arbitrary service level routing solutions. The GVN header can be managed by GVN capable end-hosts and applications or can be pushed/popped at the edge of a GVN capable network (like a VLAN tag). In this position paper, we show that Generalized Virtual Networking is a powerful enabler for SCN (Service Centric Networking) and NFV (Network Function Virtualization) and how it couples with the SDN (Software Defined Networking) paradigm.
Depth of invasion in early stage oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma: The optimal cut-off value for elective neck dissection (2020)

A DOI of ≥ 4 mm is an accurate cut-off value for performing an END in early stage OCSCC. END results in higher survival rates and lower regional recurrence rates in patients with DOI ≥ 4 mm.
Impact of the implementation of the new radiation quantities recommended by ICRU/ICRP for practical use in interventional radiology: a Monte Carlo study (2023)

The International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU) proposed a new set of operational quantities for radiation protection for external radiation in its Report Committee 26 (<i>ICRU</i><b>95</b>). The new proposal aims to improve the coherence between the operational quantities and the definitions of the protection quantities in the recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection set out in 2007 (<i>Ann. ICRP</i><b>37</b>). It is expected that this change in operational quantities will impact current dosimeter designs. Although for many photon energies, the conversion coefficients from physical field quantities to the new operational quantities will change relatively little, for radiation fields with low energy photon components, such as medical x-ray applications, there will be a significant decrease in the values of the conversion coefficients. This means that the numerical values of the new operational quantities will be much lower for the same radiation field. These values will be closer to the effective dose, but this change can still cause confusion for medical staff. It is important to examine the effect of the new set of dose conversion coefficients on the personal dose in realistic radiation fields. We performed a study to assess the effect of changing the definition of the operational quantity, personal dose equivalent (Hp), in realistic radiation fields in interventional radiology (IR) workplaces. The x-ray tube kilovoltage peak (kVp) in IR ranges between 60 and 120 kV. The medical staff is exposed to the scattered photons which have a wide range of energies depending on the beam configuration and the patient size. The objective of this study is to 'quantitatively' estimate the impact of implementing the new ICRU quantities of Report 95 in IR radiation fields using Monte Carlo simulations. Simulations of 560 different configurations in IR were performed using MCNPX to calculate fluence binned per energy and angle of incidence.HpandHp(10)were then calculated for each configuration using dose conversion coefficients from fluence given by ICRU Reports 95 and 57, respectively. The results show that the mean of the ratio,Hp(10)/Hp, is 1.6 for all simulated scenarios. This reduction will correct the current overestimation of the effective dose and should result in better compliance with the dose limits in IR. However, it may also have negative consequences on the safety culture among the medical staff. Special care will be needed when interpreting these lower doses.
Results of a survey of antifungal susceptibility tests in the United States and interlaboratory comparison of broth dilution testing of flucytosine and amphotericin B (1986)

In a survey of 350 laboratories, 41 of 210 respondents indicated that they performed antifungal susceptibility tests. Two-thirds performed 20 or fewer tests per year, and most used a broth dilution method to test amphotericin B and flucytosine activity against Candida albicans. The broth dilution procedure of S. Shadomy and A. Espinel-Ingroff (p. 647-653, in E.H. Lennette, ed., Manual of Clinical Microbiology, 3rd ed., 1980) was the method most frequently cited, and therefore this method was used to test the susceptibility of five isolates of C. albicans and one of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to amphotericin B and flucytosine in seven research laboratories. Agreement among replicates performed on the same day by each laboratory was excellent for both drugs, all values being within 1 twofold drug dilution. Precision from week to week for each laboratory was also good, with 95 and 92% of values being within 1 drug dilution for amphotericin B and flucytosine, respectively. Interlaboratory precision, however, was poor. For amphotericin B, values varied 8- to 32-fold, and for flucytosine, they varied 32- to greater than 512-fold. We conclude that antifungal susceptibility testing is currently being performed in small volumes by numerous laboratories in the United States and that results from one laboratory may not agree with results from another. Improved standardization of fungal susceptibility tests is necessary before their results can be generally applied to clinical situations.
The crystallisation of CoZr amorphous alloys in the range Co92Zr8to Co21Zr79 (1986)

The authors present a crystallisation study of sputter-deposited Co100-xZrx amorphous alloys prepared at zirconium concentrations between 7 and 80 at.%. The transformation of these alloys from the amorphous to the equilibrium crystalline state has been investigated by thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction and electrical resistance measurements. Their crystallisation temperatures were determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and by resistance measurements as a function of temperature. X-ray diffraction was used to identify the final phases after heating. The behaviour of the activation energy with composition suggests that there may be a eutectic at the composition Co40.8Zr59.2. The activation energies of the samples are calculated by means of Kissinger plots and the heats of crystallisation are also calculated. Correlations between the thermal analysis and resistance results are discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Synthesis of Substituted Vinyl Aziridines. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Rapidly solidified Fe-base alloys as electrode materials for water electrolysis (2012)

Abstract Amorphous ribbons of the systems Fe 60 Co 20 Si 10 B 10 and Fe 50 Co 20 V 10 Si 10 B 10 have been prepared via melt spinning to be used as electrode materials in alkaline water electrolysis. It turned out that the gas atmosphere during melt-spinning has a significant impact on the surface morphology and microstructure of the ribbons. Furthermore, a comprehensive characterization of the microstructure depending on the peripheral speeds of the cooling wheel was conducted. Moreover, the transition from the amorphous to the crystalline state was investigated via differential scanning calorimetry measurements. Preliminary electrochemical investigations suggest a noticeable improvement of the electrocatalytic activity of the melt-spun amorphous ribbons after an anodic–cathodic pretreatment.
The Leu544Ile polymorphism of the growth hormone receptor gene affects the serum cholesterol levels during GH treatment in children with GH deficiency (2007)

The Leu544Ile polymorphism of the GHR gene is associated with cholesterol levels in boys with GH deficiency.
ChemInform Abstract: NEW SYNTHESIS OF MEGASTIGMA‐4,6,8‐TRIEN‐3‐ONES, 3‐HYDROXY‐β‐IONOL, 3‐HYDROXY‐β‐IONONE, 5,6‐EPOXY‐3‐HYDROXY‐β‐IONOL, AND 3‐OXO‐α‐IONOL (1982)

Abstract Die Trimethylsilyloxyderivate (II), erhalten aus den Cyclohexenonen (I) nach literaturbekannten Verfahren, werden in Gegenwart von Lewis‐Säuren mit den Aldehyden (III) bzw. mit den Orthoestern (V) zu den Hydroxyalkyl‐ (IV) bzw. den Dialkoxymethylcyclohexenonen (VI) kondensiert.