gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Minimizing end-to-end delay in high-speed networks with a simple coordinated schedule (1999)

We study the problem of providing end-to-end delay guarantees in connection-oriented networks. In this environment, multiple-hop sessions coexist and interfere with one another. Parekh and Gallager (1993, 1994) showed that the weighted fair queueing (WFQ) scheduling discipline provides a worst-case delay guarantee comparable to 1/(/spl rho/i)/spl times/K/sub i/ for a session with rate /spl rho//sub i/ and K/sub i/ hops. Such delays can occur since a session-i packet can wait for time 1/(/spl rho/i) at every hop. We describe a work-conserving scheme that guarantees an additive delay bound of approximately 1/(/spl rho/i)+K/sub i/. This bound is smaller than the multiplicative bound 1/(/spl rho/i)/spl times/K/sub i/ of WFQ, especially when the hop count K/sub i/ is large. We call our scheme coordinated-earliest-deadline-first (CEDF) since it uses an earliest deadline-first approach in which simple coordination is applied to the deadlines for consecutive hops of a session. The key to the bound is that once a packet has passed through its first server, it can pass through all its subsequent servers quickly. We conduct simulations to compare the delays actually produced by the two scheduling disciplines. In many cases, these actual delays are comparable to their analytical worst-case bounds, implying that CEDF outperforms WFQ.
Eine zytogenetische Subtypisierung von 139 Uterus-Leiomyomen (1992)

A cytogenetic study of 139 uterine leiomyomas of 70 patients is presented. 26 of the tumours failed to grow, 87 showed an apparently normal karyotype and 26 tumours were characterised by clonal aberrations. In 5 tumours, a numerical change was the only abnormality, including 2 tumours with a trisomy 12. 5 myomas showed an interstitial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 7. The largest group were 9 tumours with an aberration involving chromosome 12 in the band of 14-15. 2 myomas showed a t(12; 14) as the only abnormality, in 4 tumours very complex rearrangements with up to 12 breakpoints were observed. In the last group 7 myomas with other clonal aberrations involving 11 different chromosomes were found.
Expression of neurogenic basic helix-loop-helix genes in primitive neuroectodermal tumors. (1997)

The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) class of transcription factors plays a pivotal role in tissue-specific determination and differentiation. Moreover, dysregulated expression or loss of function of these factors contributes to leukemogenesis and solid tumor development. Neurogenesis is regulated by genes of the NEUROD/atonal and ACHAETE SCUTE families. We analyzed expression of human NEUROD1, NEUROD2, NEUROD3, and ACHAETE SCUTE 1 (HASH1) in cerebellar and cerebral primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs), gliomas, and cell lines derived from a variety of neuroectodermal tumors by Northern analysis and in situ hybridization. NEUROD1 was expressed in each of the 12 medulloblastoma specimens, whereas NEUROD2 and NEUROD3/neurogenin were expressed in partly overlapping subsets of medulloblastomas. All of the tumors that presented with distant metastases expressed NEUROD3. The only other NEUROD3-positive tumor progressed early in treatment. Human ACHAETE SCUTE homologue (HASH1) was not expressed in medulloblastomas (infratentorial PNETs) but was expressed in three of five supratentorial PNETs. Neuroectodermal tumor cell lines derived from other sites (e.g., neuroblastoma and retinoblastoma) expressed NeuroD and ACHAETE SCUTE family members. No NEUROD message was detected in glial tumors or cell lines. Neurogenic bHLH transcription factor expression patterns suggest that specific family members may contribute to or reflect biological differences that arise during malignant transformation.
Growth hormone secretagogues (2000)

Growth hormone secretagogues (GHSs) are synthetically produced peptides and non-peptides that stimulate growth hormone (GH) release by acting on one or more specific receptors. Treatment with GH itself is established in GH deficient children and adults and may also be useful in frail, elderly adults, in abdominally/viscerally obese subjects, in patients with congestive heart failure and in patients suffering from nitrogen-wasting catabolic disease. In these conditions, the newly developed class of orally-active GHSs may be attractive alternatives to sc. GH injections. This review focuses on recently patented GHSs and their claimed indications, however, other GHSs and their possible uses have also been included.
Continuous parallel plate waveguide beamformer based on a bifocal constrained lens design (2016)

A two-dimensional bifocal constrained lens design is introduced. This is found to be a good starting point for the design of continuous parallel plate waveguide beamformers. The proposed solution has the advantage to provide better scanning performance than the standard pillbox antenna, yet avoiding the complexity of alternative constrained lenses designs. Numerical results are provided to compare the proposed design with existing solutions.
The expression of transforming growth factor-beta s and TGF-beta receptor mRNA and protein and the effect of TGF-beta s on human myometrial smooth muscle cells in vitro (1997)

In this study we investigated the expression of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) isoform and TGF-beta receptor mRNA and protein, and the effect of TGF-beta 1-3 on the rate of DNA synthesis and proliferation of human myometrial smooth muscle cells in vitro. To determine these, we utilized primary cultures of myometrial smooth muscle cells, standard and competitive quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunocytochemistry, enzyme-linked immunoassay, radioreceptor assay, [3H] thymidine incorporation and cell proliferation assay. Standard RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry revealed that myometrial smooth muscle cells express TGF beta 1-3 and TGF-beta type I-III receptor (TGF-beta R) mRNA and protein. Quantitative RT-PCR, using an external synthetic RNA standard, indicated that the cells express 10 copies/cell of TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta 2, less than one copy/cell of TGF-beta 3 and TGF-beta type IR, three copies/cell of type IIIR, and > 200 copies/cell, of TGF-beta type IIR mRNA. The cells also synthesized and released TGF-beta 1 at the rate of 7.8 +/- 0.7 ng/10(6) cells, of which 1.4 +/- 0.2 ng/10(6) cells was in an active form. The rate of [3H] thymidine incorporation or proliferation of subconfluent quiescent smooth muscle cells was not altered by TGF-beta s (0.1-10 ng/ml) under serum-free conditions, nor in the presence of 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). TGF-beta 1-3 at 0.25-0.5 ng/ml in the presence of 2% FBS, which induces half maximal stimulation of these cells, stimulated the rate (P < 0.05), whereas at higher doses it reduced the rate of [3H]-thymidine incorporation compared to the controls. The effect of TGF-beta was partially reversible using neutralizing antibodies specific to TGF-beta 1, TGF-beta 2 (10 micrograms/ml) or TGF-beta 3 (3-6 micrograms/ml). TGF-beta s had no significant effect on cell proliferation determined by cell counting. The data indicate that human myometrial smooth muscle cells express the necessary components of the TGF-beta system, suggesting an autocrine/paracrine role for TGF-beta s in myometrium.
The History of Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation for Air Disinfection (2010)

Public health concerns such as multi- and extensive drug-resistant tuberculosis, bioterrorism, pandemic influenza, and severe acute respiratory syndrome have intensified efforts to prevent transmission of infections that are completely or partially airborne using environmental controls. One such control, ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI), has received renewed interest after decades of underutilization and neglect. With renewed interest, however, come renewed questions, especially regarding efficacy and safety. There is a long history of investigations concluding that, if used properly, UVGI can be safe and highly effective in disinfecting the air, thereby preventing transmission of a variety of airborne infections. Despite this long history, many infection control professionals are not familiar with the history of UVGI and how it has, and has not, been used safely and effectively. This article reviews that history of UVGI for air disinfection, starting with its biological basis, moving to its application in the real world, and ending with its current status.
A Lego-Brick Approach to Coding for Asymmetric Channels and Channels with State (2021)

Coding schemes for asymmetric channels and channels with state are developed starting from a pair of linear codes designed for symmetric channels. Guarantees on the block error rate performance of the coding schemes are derived in terms of the parameters of the constituent codes. Assuming the constituent codes satisfy some properties on the rate, the error probability, and the distribution of the Hamming distance to decoded sequences, the performance guarantees hold irrespective of other properties of the codes. This would allow one to leverage commercial off-the-shelf codes for point-to-point symmetric channels to design codes for asymmetric channels and channels with state known noncausally at the encoder.
Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2 Activates Macrophages and Contributes to Induction of Acute Lung Inflammations in Mice (2020)

Our results demonstrate that the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 alone can induce cellular pathology, e.g. activating macrophages and contributing to induction of acute inflammatory responses.
Obtaining of Smooth High-Precision Surfaces by the Mechanical Lapping Method (2020)

We describe in detail a method for obtaining high-precision smooth spherical substrates using mechanical lapping and metrology used for these purposes. We consider a modified version of a two-probe interferometer with a diffraction reference wave, which ensures leveling of the intensities of the arms of the interferometer and rearrangement of the working aperture without instrument resetting. We report on the experimental results obtained during lapping of a concave spherical fused silica substrate using this technique with numerical aperture NA = 0.30, which has been prepared by traditional deep grinding–polishing. The initial characteristics of the substrate are the root-mean-square shape error of 36 nm (~λ/20) and effective roughness σeff = 1.1 nm in the spatial frequency range of 0.025–65 μm–1. After substrate lapping, the surface parameters were improved to a root-mean-square error of 3.3 nm (~ λ/200) and σeff = 0.26 nm. We have analyzed the effect of the grain size in suspension on the roughness and shape of the substrate.
High electromagnetic field measurement by using a reflection on a target (2006)

XLIM (French research institute based at the University of Limoges) has just launched a new project which is called Michelson project and whose the concept has been patented. The objective is to measure an electromagnetic field in a selected location. This system is composed of a target, a receiving antenna, and a system of acquisition. The target is illuminated by the incident field which must be measured. This field is diffracted by this target in different directions and according to different polarizations. A receiving antenna is placed at a given place and recovers the diffracted field at this location. The purpose is to come back to the incident field which lights up the target from the voltage measured on the receiving antenna output. To obtain the incident field, a global transfer function of this system must be calculated before. One of many possible applications of this system is the measurement of high power which could be destructive for traditional receiving systems. Moreover this system doesn't disturb much the field in the zone of the measurement The first tests validating this concept have been realized with transient pulse signals in ultra wide band condition
ReStore: Symptom-Based Soft Error Detection in Microprocessors (2006)

Device scaling and large-scale integration have led to growing concerns about soft errors in microprocessors. To date, in all but the most demanding applications, implementing parity and ECC for caches and other large, regular SRAM structures have been sufficient to stem the growing soft error tide. This will not be the case for long and questions remain as to the best way to detect and recover from soft errors in the remainder of the processor - in particular, the less structured execution core. In this work, we propose the ReStore architecture, which leverages existing performance enhancing checkpointing hardware to recover from soft error events in a low cost fashion. Error detection in the ReStore architecture is novel: symptoms that hint at the presence of soft errors trigger restoration of a previous checkpoint. Example symptoms include exceptions, control flow misspeculations, and cache or translation look-aside buffer misses. Compared to conventional soft error detection via full replication, the ReStore framework incurs little overhead, but sacrifices some amount of error coverage. These attributes make it an ideal means to provide very cost effective error coverage for processor applications that can tolerate a nonzero, but small, soft error failure rate. Our evaluation of an example ReStore implementation exhibits a 2times increase in MTBF (mean time between failures) over a standard pipeline with minimal hardware and performance overheads. The MTBF increases by 20times if ReStore is coupled with protection for certain particularly vulnerable pipeline structures
High-Performance p-Type Black Phosphorus Transistor with Scandium Contact (2016)

A record high current density of 580 μA/μm is achieved for long-channel, few-layer black phosphorus transistors with scandium contacts after 400 K vacuum annealing. The annealing effectively improves the on-state current and Ion/Ioff ratio by 1 order of magnitude and the subthreshold swing by ∼2.5×, whereas Al2O3 capping significantly degrades transistor performances, resulting in 5× lower on-state current and 3× lower Ion/Ioff ratio. The influences of moisture on black phosphorus metal contacts are elucidated by analyzing the hysteresis of 3-20 nm thick black phosphorus transistors with scandium and gold contacts under different conditions: as-fabricated, after vacuum annealing, and after Al2O3 capping. The optimal black phosphorus film thickness for transistors with scandium contacts is found to be ∼10 nm. Moreover, p-type performance is shown in all transistors with scandium contacts, suggesting that the Fermi level is pinned closer to the valence band regardless of the flake thickness.
Ring-Opening Polymerization—An Introductory Review (2013)

This short, introductory review covers the still rapidly growing and industrially important field of ring opening polymerization (ROP). The review is organized according to mechanism (radical ROP (RROP), cationic ROP (CROP), anionic ROP (AROP) and ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP)) rather than monomer classes. Nevertheless, the different groups of cyclic monomers are considered (olefins, ethers, thioethers, amines, lactones, thiolactones, lactams, disulfides, anhydrides, carbonates, silicones, phosphazenes and phosphonites) and the mechanisms by which they can be polymerized involving a ring-opening polymerization. Literature up to 2012 has been considered but the citations selected refer to detailed reviews and key papers, describing not only the latest developments but also the evolution of the current state of the art.
Volatility Studies on Gallium Chalcogenide Cubanes:  Thermal Analysis and Determination of Sublimation Enthalpies (1997)

Volatility trends are established for a series of organometallic molecular solids with a cubane geometry and the general form [(R)Ga(μ3-E)]4, where R = Me3C (tBu), EtMe2C, Et2MeC, or Et3C and E = S, Se, or Te. While the temperature of volatilization, T20 defined as 20% mass loss from thermogravimetric analysis, was found to generally increase in a linear fashion with respect to increasing molecular mass, perturbations were observed that can be attributed to intermolecular ligand interactions. Sublimation enthalpies (ΔHsub) for each cubane were calculated from thermogravimetric data, which show that the dependence of ΔHsub on the degree of branching of the alkyl ligand appears to be more substantial than molecular mass effects alone. The C−H···H−C van der Waals interactions between alkyl substituents are estimated to account for more than 60% of the ΔHsub in the organometallic cubane system [(R)Ga(μ3-E)]4. Calculations based on the number of hydrogen atoms present in each alkyl yields an approximate value of ca. 4 kJ mol-1 for each C−H···H−C interactions. Using the TGA sublimation data, vapor pressures may be calculated for each of the cubane compounds over a wide range of temperatures. All new cubanes have been characterized by MS, NMR, IR, and TG/DTA. The molecular structures of [(Et3C)2Ga(μ-Cl)]2, [(Et3C)Ga(μ3-S)]4, and [(Et3C)Ga(μ3-Se)]4 have been determined by X-ray crystallography.
Synthesis of the Antifungal β-1,3-Glucan Synthase Inhibitor CANCIDAS (Caspofungin Acetate) from Pneumocandin B0 (2007)

A novel three-step synthesis of the highly functionalized antifungal agent CANCIDAS (caspofungin acetate, 2) is described, starting from the natural product pneumocandin B0 (1). The highlights of the synthesis include a stereoselective formation of a phenylthioaminal, a remarkable chemoselective, high-yielding, one-step borane reduction of a primary amide, and a stereoselective substitution of the phenylthioaminal with ethylenediamine producing 2 in a 45% overall yield.
Aluminum fluoride induces phosphatidylinositol turnover, elevation of cytoplasmic free calcium, and phosphorylation of the T cell antigen receptor in murine T cells. (1987)

Antigen activation of murine T lymphocytes leads to phosphorylation of three subunits of the murine T cell antigen receptor (L.E. Samelson, M.D. Patel, A.M. Weissman, J.B. Harford, and R.D. Klausner. 1986. Cell 46:1083). Two kinases are activated in this process: protein kinase C which leads to phosphorylation of the gamma and, to a lesser extent, the epsilon subunits on serine residues and a tyrosine kinase which phosphorylates the p21 subunit (M.D. Patel, L.E. Samelson, and R.D. Klausner. 1987. J. Biol Chem. 262:5831). We sought to determine whether treatment of these cells with NaF could simulate any of these antigen-induced events. Indeed NaF treatment resulted in breakdown of polyphosphoinositides and production of phosphoinositols. This treatment also resulted in a rise in cytosolic free Ca2+. EGTA failed to block this rise suggesting that NaF liberated intracellular stores of Ca2+. Finally NaF treatment resulted in phosphorylation of the gamma and epsilon chains of the T cell receptor indistinguishable from the effects of phorbol esters. The NaF effect was potentiated by addition of A1Cl3 consistent with the view that the active moiety is A1F4-. The A1F4--induced phosphorylations were abolished in cells in which protein kinase C was depleted by prior treatment with phorbol myristate acetate. All of these observations are compatible with the interpretation that the A1F4- phosphorylation is mediated by protein kinase C. Antigen and anti-receptor antibody-induced receptor serine phosphorylation and phophatidylinositol turnover are blocked by raising intracellular levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate. In contrast, A1F4--induced effects were insensitive to cyclic adenosine monophosphate.
Susceptibility to primary irritants (1975)

Patch tests with three primary irritants were performed in 600 persons with eczema and in 33 healthy controls, The irritants assayed were: croton oil (20%) in mineral oil, thymoquinone (1%) in ethanol and crotonaldehyde (7.5%) plus sodium lauryl sulphate (4%) in aqua dest. The number of positive reactions to croton oil was found to decrease with age, while for thymoquinone and crotonaldehyde and for the total irritant score no age dependence was observed. No significant correlation was found between sensitization to common contact allergens and susceptibility to irritants. The incidence of positive reactions to common allergens proved to increase with age.
A worldwide survey of chronic cough: a manifestation of enhanced somatosensory response (2014)

Reports from individual centres suggest a preponderance of females with chronic cough. Females also have heightened cough reflex sensitivity. Here we have reviewed the age and sex of unselected referrals to 11 cough clinics. To investigate the cause of any observed sex dimorphism, functional magnetic resonance imaging of putative cough centres was analysed in normal volunteers. The demographic profile of consecutive patients presenting with chronic cough was evaluated. Cough challenge with capsaicin was undertaken in normal volunteers to construct a concentration-response curve. Subsequent functional magnetic resonance imaging during repeated inhalation of sub-tussive concentrations of capsaicin observed areas of activation within the brain and differences in the sexes identified. Of the 10,032 patients presenting with chronic cough, two-thirds (6591) were female (mean age 55 years). The patient profile was largely uniform across centres. The most common age for presentation was 60-69 years. The maximum tolerable dose of inhaled capsaicin was lower in females; however, a significantly greater activation of the somatosensory cortex was observed. Patients presenting with chronic cough from diverse racial and geographic backgrounds have a strikingly homogeneous demographic profile, suggesting a distinct clinical entity. The preponderance of females may be explained by sex-related differences in the central processing of cough sensation.
ChemInform Abstract: Coordination Chemistry of Molybdenum with Novel Thiolate Ligands. The Crystal and Molecular Structures of a Binuclear Complex with a Mo‐Mo Triple Bond (Mo2(SC6H4‐o‐PPh2)3Cl3) and of (Mo(SC6H3‐2‐SiMe3‐6‐P(O)Ph2)2Cl2), a Species Exhibiting (MoO2S2Cl2) Coordination. (1990)

Abstract Complex (I) (C2/c, Z = 8) is the first structurally confirmed example of a binuclear Mo(III) species.
Why Reading Patterns Matter in Storage Coding &amp;amp; Scheduling Design (2015)

Coding techniques for storage systems are gaining traction in data center (DC) applications, owing to their data survivability performance, and more recently, to their ability to mitigate traffic congestion. This paper considers stochastic allocation schedules in networks that admit bulk file requests, across three drive blocking models. We consider a block-based code and a stochastic scheduling algorithm which is beneficial in the case of continuous chunk read patterns. In particular, we demonstrate that in systems with continuous chunk reading patterns, when drive blocking is either independent or from traffic congestion, block coded storage can reduce average download time by 10 -- 66%, given modern system parameters. However, a distinction should be made between systems with continuous and those with interrupted chunk read patterns. For interrupted chunk read systems, given our allocation algorithm that performs well for continuous reads, block coded storage performance can be worse than replication, numerical illustrations show relative losses over 66%. These illustrations demonstrate that to harness the full benefits of coded storage and to avoid pitfalls, careful attention must be paid to continuous vs. Interrupted chunk reading patterns, codes other than block codes should be considered, as could joint code-scheduling design.
Association of apolipoprotein levels with peripheral arterial disease: a meta-analysis of literature studies (2020)

Our meta-analysis suggests that PAD subjects exhibit increased apoB and reduced apoA-I levels, accompanied by an increased apoB/apoA-I ratio as compared with non-PAD controls.