gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Europium(III) Fluoride Nanoparticles from Ionic Liquids: Structural, Morphological, and Luminescent Properties (2011)

Inorganic luminescent materials (phosphors) find widespread scientific and industrial applications. For potential applications, nanoscale phosphors are favored because of the reduced scattering and the possibility to miniaturize devices. In such materials, the optical behavior is strongly dependent on impurities or defects in the crystal lattice, so that a well-defined reaction protocol with fixed parameters is compulsory to ensure the quality of the obtained material. The fast and facile conversion of europium acetate via microwave radiation with and in different tetrafluoroborate ionic liquids to oxygen-free, hexagonal EuF3 nanoparticles is investigated in detail. The study of the influence of the different reaction parameters on the structural, morphological, and luminescent properties predominantly reveals a strong influence of the chosen ionic liquid. The particle morphology varies from small spherical particles to rods forming different types of aggregates, such as bundles, columns, or spherical agglomerations. The luminescence spectra show the characteristic orange-red emission due to the dominating 5D0 → 7F1 transition of Eu3+. The 5D0 quantum efficiency could be tuned from 2% up to 44% depending on the ionic liquid used for synthesis.
Time of Contact and Step Length: the Effect of Limb Length, Running Speed, Load Carrying and Incline (2000)

Using published values for twelve species of birds and mammals, we investigated the effects of limb length and running speed on time of contact and step length. In addition, we measured the time of contact in horses trotting up a 10 % incline and when carrying a load averaging 19 % of their body mass. From these values, we calculated stride period and step length. Our analysis of the interspecific data yielded the following relationship between time of contact (t(c) in s) and leg length (L in m) and running speed (v in m s(-)(1)): t(c)=0.80L(0.84)/v(0.87) (r(2)=0.97). Both exponents in this relationship are significantly different from 1.0, indicating that step length increases with speed and that small species use a step length that, relative to their leg length, is longer than the relative step length used by larger species. Time of contact increased when a horse carried a load but not when it trotted up an incline.
Anodic Formation of Thick Anatase TiO2 Mesosponge Layers for High-Efficiency Photocatalysis (2010)

We report a process for the fabrication of an anatase TiO(2) mesosponge (TMS) layer by an optimized Ti anodization process in a hot glycerol electrolyte followed by a suitable etching process. Such layers can easily be grown to >10 microm thickness and have regular channels and structural features in the 5-20 nm range. The layers show high photocatalytic activity and are mechanically very robust. The layers therefore open new pathways to the wide field of TiO(2)(anatase) applications.
A neurogenic microenvironment defined by excitatory-inhibitory neuronal circuits in adult dentate gyrus (2021)

Adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus plays a role in adaptive brain functions such as memory formation. Adding new neurons to a specific locus of a neural circuit with functional needs is an efficient way to achieve such an adaptive function. However, it is unknown whether neurogenesis is linked to local functional demands potentially specified by the activity of neuronal circuits. By examining the distribution of neurogenesis and different types of neuronal activity in the dentate gyrus of freely moving adult rats, we find that neurogenesis is positionally associated with active excitatory neurons, some of which show place-cell activity, but is positionally dissociated from a type of interneuron with high-burst tendency. Our finding suggests that the behaviorally relevant activity of excitatory-inhibitory neuronal circuits can define a microenvironment stimulating/inhibiting neurogenesis. Such local regulation of neurogenesis may contribute to strategic recruitment of new neurons to modify functionally relevant neural circuits.
Novel PZT films for ultrasound biomicroscopy (2002)

Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramic films of thickness 5-200 /spl mu/m have been produced on various substrates using a modified sol gel process. A subset of these films (5-27 /spl mu/m) open the possibility of fabricating ceramic ultrasound transducers in the frequency range of 80-200 MHz. The technique involves mixing PZT powder conventional PZT sol gel to form a paint which is then coated onto a flat substrate. Initial characterization has included the dielectric and impedance response of the PZT film supported by a metal substrate. The films resonate within the desired frequency range, but the substrate is not conducive for ultrasonic transducers. A technique has been developed to mount the PZT onto conductive silver epoxy using 80 /spl mu/m aluminum foil as a sacrificial layer. The pulse echo response of this structure demonstrates the broadband response required for ultrasound imaging transducers.
Molecular Detection and Epidemiology of Sapporo-Like Viruses (2000)

Sapporo-like viruses (SLVs) are associated with acute gastroenteritis in humans. Due to a limited supply of available reagents for diagnosis, little is known about the incidence and pathogenicity of these viruses. We have developed a first-generation generic reverse transcriptase (RT) PCR assay based on a single primer pair targeting the RNA polymerase gene. With this assay, 55 (93%) of the 59 stool specimens collected in a 10-year period of time (1988 to 1998) and containing typical caliciviruses by electron microscopy tested positive and could be confirmed by Southern hybridization. By phylogenetic analysis, most SLV strains could be classified into one of the three recently described genotypes. However, three samples clustered separately, forming a potential new genotype. We sequenced the complete capsid gene of one of the strains in this cluster: Hu/SLV/Stockholm/97/SE. Alignment of the capsid sequences showed 40 to 74% amino acid identity among strains of the different clusters. Phylogenetic analysis of the aligned sequences confirmed the placing of Hu/SLV/Stockholm/97/SE into a new distinct genetic cluster. This is the first report on the development of a broadly reactive RT-PCR assay for the detection of SLVs.
Bacterial contaminants of micropropagated plant cultures (1989)

Bacterial contaminants of micropropagated plant cultures were isolated and characterized with standard bacteriological tests and appropriate API strips. Results obtained were analysed by the API identification software. Of 198 bacterial strains isolated from nine plant species, 90% were identified as Bacillus, Enterobacter, Micrococcus, Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas or Lactobacillus species. Possible sources of contamination are discussed.
3,5,3′-Triiodothyronine Receptor Auxiliary Protein (TRAP) Enhances Receptor Binding by Interactions within the Thyroid Hormone Response Element (1991)

We have previously demonstrated that binding of in vitro synthesized thyroid hormone receptor (TR) to thyroid hormone response elements (TREs) is enhanced by the addition of nuclear extracts from several different cell types, suggesting that binding of TR is partially dependent on a T3 receptor auxiliary protein (TRAP). We have used the avidin-biotin complex DNA-binding assay to discriminate between regions of TREs that bind TR alone and sites that are influenced by interactions with TRAP. Mutations in the TREs from rat GH and glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit genes show that a specific DNA sequence is required for TRAP-mediated enhancement of TR binding. Mutations in the B half-site of the rat GH TRE or in similar sequences [(T/A)GGGA] in the alpha-subunit TRE ablate the enhancement of TR binding by TRAP. Furthermore, binding of TR to a natural half-site in the TSH beta-subunit gene (bases -16 to 6), which lacks an additional AGGGA-like sequence, is not enhanced by the addition of TRAP. Binding of TR to TREs was also tested at physiological salt concentrations in the avidin-biotin complex DNA-binding assay. Binding of human TR beta to TREs decreases dramatically at 140 mM KCl compared to binding at 50 mM KCl; however, the addition of TRAP enhances the binding to almost 4-fold of basal binding, suggesting that TRAP may be important for stabilization of TR binding to TREs in the cell.
BA-SOT: Boundary-Aware Serialized Output Training for Multi-Talker ASR (2023)

The recently proposed serialized output training (SOT) simplifies multi-talker automatic speech recognition (ASR) by generating speaker transcriptions separated by a special token. However, frequent speaker changes can make speaker change prediction difficult. To address this, we propose boundary-aware serialized output training (BA-SOT), which explicitly incorporates boundary knowledge into the decoder via a speaker change detection task and boundary constraint loss. We also introduce a two-stage connectionist temporal classification (CTC) strategy that incorporates token-level SOT CTC to restore temporal context information. Besides typical character error rate (CER), we introduce utterance-dependent character error rate (UD-CER) to further measure the precision of speaker change prediction. Compared to original SOT, BA-SOT reduces CER/UD-CER by 5.1%/14.0%, and leveraging a pre-trained ASR model for BA-SOT model initialization further reduces CER/UD-CER by 8.4%/19.9%.
Profound biotinidase deficiency in two asymptomatic adults (1997)

Biotinidase deficiency is an autosomal-recessive disorder of biotin recycling. Children with profound biotinidase deficiency usually have neurological and cutaneous symptoms in early childhood, but they may not develop symptoms until adolescence. We now report on a man and a woman with profound biotinidase deficiency who are asymptomatic and who were diagnosed only because their biotinidase-deficient children were identified by newborn screening. These adults have never exhibited symptoms of the disorder and are homozygous for two different mutations resulting in different aberrant enzymes. There is no evidence of an increased dietary intake of biotin to explain why they have remained asymptomatic. Although these adults may still be at risk for developing symptoms, they could represent a small group of individuals with profound biotinidase deficiency who will never develop clinical problems. Their lack of symptoms suggests that there are probably epigenetic factors that protect some enzyme-deficient individuals from developing symptoms. These individuals broaden the spectrum of expression of biotinidase deficiency.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Reactivity of [η5‐C5R5)Ru(η6‐arene)]PF6 (R: H, CH3) Complexes of Naphthalene, Anthracene, Pyrene, Chrysene, and Azulene. Kinetic Studies of Arene Displacement Reactions in Acetonitrile Solutions. (1986)

Abstract The preparation of the title Compounds (II) and (III) by replacement of the MeCN ligands in (I) is particularly facile, requiring very little or no heat and short reaction times.
Pseudo-Type-III Compensation Integrated in a Voltage-Mode Buck Regulator (2014)

A pseudo-type-III compensation circuit integrated in a 2.25-MHz voltage-mode dc–dc buck regulator is presented. By summing high- and low-frequency signal paths at the outputs of an error amplifier, two zeros are generated to counteract the pair of complex <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="TeX">$LC$</tex-math></inline-formula> poles. Comparing with traditional and various reported type-III compensation, the proposed scheme is compact, and the area of the compensation capacitor is reduced by about 37%. The addition of a high-frequency path also helps to improve the transient response. Experimental results show that the fabricated regulator with the proposed scheme achieves good stability and fast load-step response. The output is settled within 10 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="TeX">$\mu \hbox{s}$</tex-math></inline-formula> for a load current step of 400 mA. In addition, the measured load regulation and line regulation is 0.2%/A and 0.2%/V, respectively. The current consumption of the compensator is 120 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="TeX">$\mu \hbox{A}$</tex-math></inline-formula> , and the measured maximum efficiency is up to 96%.
Study of the integrated-optical concentration sensor for gaseous substances (2007)

The possibility of creating an integrated-optical chemical sensor that makes it possible to control the content of ammonia and other pollutants in air is demonstrated. A sensor of this type is experimentally studied. The limiting sensitivity of the integrated-optical ammonium sensor is estimated. The possibility of applying integrated-optical sensors in ecological monitoring is discussed.
Kleine Ringe, 33: Versuche zur Darstellung von Diphenyltetrahedran (1981)

Abstract Das bei photochemischer oder thermischer Anregung von (2,3‐Diphenyl‐2‐cyclopropen‐1‐yl)diazomethan ( 6i ) entstehende Carben 7 geht anstatt einer intramolekularen Cycloaddition bevorzugt eine Fragmentierung in die beiden Acetylene 8 und 9 ein. Bei Belichtung des Masamune ‐ ketons 16 kann abhängig von den Reaktionsbedingungen entweder p ‐Terphenyl oder ein Gemisch der beiden Cyclooctatetraene 18 und 19 isoliert werden. Die intermediäre Ausbildung des Tetrahedrans 10 fügt sich gut in das mechanistische Bild ein.
On the accuracy of the subtraction method for in-situ reflection and diffusion coefficient measurements. (2010)

The subtraction method is a technique critical to measuring in-situ reflection/absorption coefficients as well as diffusion coefficients. In order to isolate a reflection, a reference measurement including only direct sound is subtracted from one with direct sound and the reflection of interest. However, taking two measurements with exactly the same direct sound component is complicated by environmental conditions, such as changes in temperature, air movement, and exact microphone positioning. These variations can cause small time differences between the reference and the measurement which prevent complete subtraction of the direct sound; the residual direct sound then pollutes analysis of the isolated reflection. This work evaluates several methods to compensate for the differences to achieve minimal interference from the residual direct sound. A metric for gauging the success of the subtraction is proposed and the influence of the subtraction effectiveness on variations in the measured diffusion coefficient will also be discussed.
COMBINED ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES AND ANTISEPTIC AGENTS (2018)

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Critical Parameters in the Transient Response of Synchronous Buck Converters (2007)

The transient behavior of synchronous buck converters, using critical parameters, is investigated in this work under high current slew-rate load transients. Critical parameters are defined as the combination of parameters for which the peak transient response is dominated by the effect of the capacitor Equivalent Series Resistance ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ESR</i> ). Given the importance of the effect of <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ESR</i> in low-voltage, high- current synchronous buck converters, an effective normalization method is developed in this paper to reduce the dependence on other parameters, thus providing valuable generality to the transient analysis. A set of critical normalized expressions valid for any possible synchronous buck converter is derived, which can be used as a useful design tool to meet transient specifications. By using critical parameters, both transient recovery time and peak voltage regulation can be met while keeping <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L</i> and <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C</i> to a minimum. A detailed characterization of the effect of <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ESR</i> is presented, and the normalized approach clarifies the role of <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ESR</i> in the transient response. A critical design example is presented where the parameters of the converter are obtained by performing a simple denormalization. Finally, the critically designed converter is evaluated using boundary controllers as well as classical current- and voltage-mode controllers to assess the influence of the control scheme on the transient response of the converter.
<title>Baseline performance analysis of the LSD/DOA ATR against MSTAR data</title> (1998)

Large computational complexity arises in model-based ATR systems because an object's image is typically a function of several degrees of freedom, such as target class, pose, articulation, configuration and sensor geometry. Most model- based ATR systems treat this dependency by incorporating an exhaustive search through a library of image views. This approach, however, requires enormous storage and extensive search processing. Some ATR systems reduce the size of the library by forming composite averaged images at the expense of reducing the captured pose specific information, usually resulting in a decrease in performance. The Linear Signal Decomposition/Direction of Arrival (LSD/DOA) system, on the other hand, forms a reduced-size, essential-information object data set which implicitly incorporates target and sensor variation specific data. This reduces ATR processing by providing a low computational-cost indexing function with little loss of discrimination and pose estimation performance. The LSD/DOA system consists of two independent components: a computationally expensive off-line component which forms the object representation and a computationally inexpensive on-line object recognition component. The size of the stored data set may also be adjusted, providing a means to trade off complexity versus performance. The focus of this paper will be the performance of the LSD/DOA ATR against the MSTAR (public) data set.
The Lysosomal Protein Arylsulfatase B Is a Key Enzyme Involved in Skeletal Turnover (2018)

Skeletal pathologies are frequently observed in lysosomal storage disorders, yet the relevance of specific lysosomal enzymes in bone remodeling cell types is poorly defined. Two lysosomal enzymes, ie, cathepsin K (Ctsk) and Acp5 (also known as tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase), have long been known as molecular marker proteins of differentiated osteoclasts. However, whereas the cysteine protease Ctsk is directly involved in the degradation of bone matrix proteins, the molecular function of Acp5 in osteoclasts is still unknown. Here we show that Acp5, in concert with Acp2 (lysosomal acid phosphatase), is required for dephosphorylation of the lysosomal mannose 6-phosphate targeting signal to promote the activity of specific lysosomal enzymes. Using an unbiased approach we identified the glycosaminoglycan-degrading enzyme arylsulfatase B (Arsb), mutated in mucopolysaccharidosis type VI (MPS-VI), as an osteoclast marker, whose activity depends on dephosphorylation by Acp2 and Acp5. Similar to Acp2/Acp5<sup>-/-</sup> mice, Arsb-deficient mice display lysosomal storage accumulation in osteoclasts, impaired osteoclast activity, and high trabecular bone mass. Of note, the most prominent lysosomal storage accumulation was observed in osteocytes from Arsb-deficient mice, yet this pathology did not impair production of sclerostin (Sost) and Fgf23. Because the influence of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) on bone remodeling in MPS-VI is still unknown, we additionally treated Arsb-deficient mice by weekly injection of recombinant human ARSB from 12 to 24 weeks of age. We found that the high bone mass phenotype of Arsb-deficient mice and the underlying bone cell deficits were fully corrected by ERT in the trabecular compartment. Taken together, our results do not only show that the function of Acp5 in osteoclasts is linked to dephosphorylation and activation of lysosomal enzymes, they also provide an important proof-of-principle for the feasibility of ERT to correct bone cell pathologies in lysosomal storage disorders. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research Published by Wiley Periodicals Inc.
A SARS‐CoV‐2 Spike Binding DNA Aptamer that Inhibits Pseudovirus Infection by an RBD‐Independent Mechanism** (2021)

The receptor binding domain (RBD) of the spike glycoprotein of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (CoV2-S) binds to the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) representing the initial contact point for leveraging the infection cascade. We used an automated selection process and identified an aptamer that specifically interacts with CoV2-S. The aptamer does not bind to the RBD of CoV2-S and does not block the interaction of CoV2-S with ACE2. Nevertheless, infection studies revealed potent and specific inhibition of pseudoviral infection by the aptamer. The present study opens up new vistas in developing SARS-CoV2 infection inhibitors, independent of blocking the ACE2 interaction of the virus, and harnesses aptamers as potential drug candidates and tools to disentangle hitherto inaccessible infection modalities, which is of particular interest in light of the increasing number of escape mutants that are currently being reported.
Conscious level in children with diabetic ketoacidosis is related to severity of acidosis and not to blood glucose concentration (2006)

In children with DKA, initial conscious level is closely related to pH and weakly to age, but not to BG or plasma sodium level. Thus cerebral function in DKA is related to severity of acidosis even when there is no evidence of cerebral edema.
Role of Hyaluronic Acids and Potential as Regenerative Biomaterials in Wound Healing (2020)

The skin can protect the body from external harm, sense environmental changes, and maintain physiological homeostasis. Cutaneous repair and regeneration associated with surgical wounds, acute traumas, and chronic diseases are a central concern of healthcare. Patients may experience the failure of current treatments due to the complexity of the healing process; therefore, emerging strategies are needed. Hyaluronic acids (HAs, also known as hyaluronan), a glycosaminoglycan (GAG) of the extracellular matrix (ECM), play key roles in cell differentiation, proliferation, and migration throughout tissue development and regeneration. Recently, HA derivatives have been developed as regenerative biomaterials for treating skin damage and injury. In this review, the healing process, namely, hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and maturation, is described and the role of HAs in the healing process is discussed. This review also provides recent examples in the development of HA derivatives for wound healing.
Synthesen mit 2‐Amino‐2‐oxazolinen, I. Reaktionen von 2‐Amino‐2‐oxazolinen mit α, β‐ungesättigten Estern (1974)

Abstract 2‐Amino‐2‐oxazoline 1 reagieren mit α,β‐ungesättigten Carbonsäureestern 2a‐ h , unter Bildung von 2,3,5,6‐Tetrahydro‐7H‐oxazolo[3,2‐a]pyrimidin‐7‐onen 3. Bei der Reaktion von 1 mit Malein‐ und Fumarsäureestern 2k‐m entstehen als Hauptprodukte die 2,3,5,6‐Tetra‐ hydro‐7H‐oxazolo[3,2‐u]pyrimidin‐7‐one 3 t und u. Analog verläuft die Reaktion von 1 mit den Maleinimiden 9a und b. Das 2,3,6,7‐Tetrahydro‐5H‐oxazolo[3,2‐u]pyrimidin‐5‐on 4a wird durch Cyclisierung des 3‐(2‐Oxazolin‐2‐ylamino)buttersäureesters 16 in Gegenwart von Alkoholat erhalten. Bei der Reaktion von 1 mit α,β‐ungesättigten Carbonsäurechloriden 17 entstehen beide möglichen isomeren Tetrahydrooxazolopyrimidinone 3 und 4.