gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Compound Adrenal Medullary Tumor (Pheochromocytoma and Ganglioneuroma) and a Cortical Adenoma in the Ipsilateral Adrenal Gland (1988)

Neoplasms of all the adrenal parenchymatous elements [i.e., a compound adrenal medullary tumor (MT) consisting of pheochromocytoma (Pheo) and ganglioneuroma (GN) and a cortical adenoma] were found in the right adrenal gland of a 53-year-old man. A mature GN element was predominant in the MT, and nodules of small polygonal Pheo cells were scattered in GN. No neuroblastomatous element or malignant Pheo was found. The cortical adenoma consisted of compact cells and clear cells; it showed 3 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and succinate dehydrogenase activity. The nonneoplastic cortex was slightly atrophic and showed weaker activity of the enzymes, suggesting that the adenoma was cortisol-producing. The cortex surrounding the MT was invaded and replaced by either GN or Pheo. In some places, however, hypertrophic compact cells constituted the cortex and were in contact with ACTH-immunoreactive chromaffin cells. A few of the latter were also positive for other proopiomelanocortin (POMC)-derived peptides. Pheo cells in the other parts were negative for POMC-derived peptides.
Metabasiti (MORB e WPB) nei sedimenti delle unita del Cilento e di Lagonegro (Appennino Meridionale, Italia); affinita petrogenetiche ed implicazioni geodinamiche (1994)

Petrographical, geochemical and mineralogical analyses have been performed on metabasalt samples collected in middle triassic to middle miocene sediments from Campanian and Lucan Apennines. These sediments have been referred (Carta Tettonica d9Italia; CNR, 1981; Modello Strutturale dell9Italia; CNR, 1992) to nappes belonging to the Tethyan area as concern the Cilento Units containing the Tramutola basalt; as concern the Sicilidi Units (Frigento basalt) the sediments derive from the African paleo-margin. Finally the Lagonegro Units, (Tito basalt) derive from intracontinental basin. REE and HFSE (Nb, Zr, Ti, Y) suggest that these metabasalts are normal MORB (Tito) and transitional MORB (Tramutola); the Frigento sample shows clear affinity with intraplate alkaline basalts (WPB). Different degrees of post-magmatic alteration are present in all the samples. Finally, geotectonic implications from geochemical data are discussed.
SEPARATION OF STEROLS FROM DEODORIZER DISTILLATE BY CRYSTALLIZATION (2003)

ABSTRACT Separation of sterols from deodorizer distillate (DOD) by crystallization without pretreatment was investigated. DOD was dissolved in different solvents and crystallization was then conducted at‐10 or‐20C, with a solvent‐to‐DOD ratio of 3:1 (v/w). Several solvents such as methanol, acetone, and their mixtures, were examined for their separation effectiveness. The sterol crystals formed were removed from the solution by centrifugation at low temperature and subsequent filtration. The best results were obtained by crystallization at ‐20C for 24 h with a mixture of acetone and methanol, followed by centrifugation, filtration and washing steps. Over 90% of the original tocopherols and squalene in DOD were recovered in the filtrate fraction, while 80% of total sterols in DOD were retained in the cake fraction.
Hydrodesulfurization of 4,6-DMDBT in the High Boiling Fraction of Gas Oil (2003)

Abstract A high boiling fraction of straight run gas oil, which contained 4,6-DMDBT by addition but free from dimethylbiphenyl and dimethylcyclohexylbenzene of its HDS products, was desulfurized over commercial catalysts to find principal products of 4,6-DMDBT. Thus, HDS of 4,6-DMDBT in the high boiling fraction of real feed was proved to proceed principally through hydrogenative route. During the HDS of the fraction, 4,6-DMDBT was found to be produced from trimethyldibenzothiophenes. This activity depended very much on the acidity of the catalyst.
Sterisch gehinderte Olefine, VIII. Reaktion von 1‐Indanonen mit niedrigwertigen Titanverbindungen. Sterischer Einfluß von Methylsubstituenten bei 1‐(1‐Indanyliden)indan und 9‐(9‐Fluorenyliden)fluoren (1980)

Abstract Die Ketone 1a und b reagieren mit niedrigwertigen Titansalzen zu den trans ‐Olefinen 2a bzw. b . Aus 1c entsteht (vermutlich über 2c ) durch Dehydrierung Dien 4c . Keton 1d wird mit Titan(II) zum Kohlenwasserstoff 7 reduziert, ebenso die aromatischen Ketone 5 und 6 zu 8 bzw. 9 . Während sich 10a zu 11a kuppeln läßt (94%), wird das substituierte Keton 10d nicht umgesetzt. — Mit dem Kraftfeld von Allinger werden die bevorzugten Geometrien sowie die Spannungsenergien für 2, 3 und 11 (jeweils a – d ) berechnet. Die für 11a erhaltenen Strukturdaten werden mit denen aus der Röntgenstrukturanalyse verglichen.
The Effects of Ba-Additive on Growth of a-Plane GaN Single Crystals Using Na Flux Method (2012)

Large-area nonpolar GaN substrates with high crystallinity are necessary to improve the performance of GaN devices. Nonpolar GaN substrates of 2-in. diameter have been commercially fabricated by growing along the nonpolar direction on heterogeneous substrates. However, the crystallinity of the nonpolar GaN substrates requires improvement. Here, we grew a -plane GaN crystals using the Na flux method and investigated the effects of a Ba-additive on surface morphology and crystallinity. We found that the crystallinity of the crystals grown by the Na flux method was greatly improved compared with that of seed substrates. Moreover, the use of the Ba-additive suppressed the formation of voids that occurred during the Na flux growth without the Ba-additive. As a result, a -plane GaN crystals with high crystallinity were produced using the Na flux method with the Ba-additive.
Integer-weight neural nets (1994)

Integer-weight neural nets (IWNN) are better suited for hardware implementation than their real-weight analogues. The authors present a learning procedure for generating multilayer IWNNs having all weights in the set {–3, –2, –1, 0, 1, 2, 3}. The performance of this procedure was evaluated on XOR, encoder/decoder and the MONK benchmark. The IWNNs were found to be as capable as their real-weight counterparts with regard to generalisation performance.
Isomerization polymerization of alkyl glycidyl carbonates to produce novel poly(orthocarbonate)s (1999)

The isomerization polymerization of three alkyl glycidyl carbonates (4), i.e., glycidyl methyl carbonate (4a), ethyl glycidyl carbonate (4b), and glycidyl propyl carbonate (4c), catalyzed by methylaluminum bis(2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenoxide) (3) to afford novel poly(orthocarbonate)s, poly[(2-alkoxy-1,3-dioxolane-2,4-diyl)oxymethylene]s (5a–c), is described. The polymerization proceeded best at around room temperature and gave 5 having several thousands of Mn. As the alkoxy chain of 4 was lengthened, the polymer yield decreased, while the polymer molecular weight increased. The yields of 5b and 5c, however, were improved by increasing the feed ratio of 3 to 4 from 0.04 to 0.10. The reactivity of 4 was discussed in relation to that of glycidyl alkanoates (1). © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 37: 445–453, 1999 (See graphics.)
ROIC with adaptive reset control for improving dynamic range of IR FPAs (2011)

A new readout integrated circuit involving an adaptive reset control was studied for 2-D infrared focal plane arrays. The integration time of each pixel can be optimized adaptively. Hence, the readout circuit has a wide dynamic range and good signal-to-noise ratio characteristics. The readout circuit was fabricated with a 0.35 μm 2-poly 4-metal CMOS process for a 128 × 128 long wavelength infrared array with a pixel size of 50 μm × 50 μm. The adaptive reset control with two-step background suppression improves the signal-to-noise ratio to 87 dB and the dynamic range to 95.4 dB.
Risk-based Autonomous Maritime Collision Avoidance Considering Obstacle Intentions (2020)

A robust and efficient Collision Avoidance (COLAV) system for autonomous ships is dependent on a high degree of situational awareness. This includes inference of the intent of nearby obstacles, including compliance with traffic rules such as COLREGS, in order to enable more intelligent decision making for the autonomous agent. Here, a generalized framework for obstacle intent inference is introduced. Different obstacle intentions are then considered in the Probabilistic Scenario-Based Model Predictive Control (PSB-MPC) COLAV algorithm using an examplatory intent model, when statistics about traffic rules compliance and the next waypoint for an obstacle are assumed known. Simulation results show that the resulting COLAV system is able to make safer decisions when utilizing the extra intent information.
(Invited) Defect Engineering for Monolithic Integration of III-V Semiconductors on Silicon Substrates (2021)

Optimization of heterogeneous epitaxial techniques such as aspect ratio trapping and nano-ridge engineering strongly triggered the commercial breakthrough of III-V on Si devices for a variety of applications in fields like optoelectronics, lighting, telecommunication, power devices, RF circuitry etc. To achieve high device performance defect engineering is crucial to avoid increased leakage current, lifetime degradation and/or increased low frequency noise. The aim of this review is to discuss the present understanding of defects in III-V materials and devices and their impact on the device performance. This is illustrated by analyzing three important types of devices, including In x Ga 1-x As p + n diodes, GaN/AlGaN/Si transistors (MOSFETs, HEMTs and MOSHEMTs) and GaAs/InGaP Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors (HBTs). It will be pointed out that by an appropriate defect control the further development of the monolithic III-V integration on Si will not be hampered and is facing a bright future.
Fermentation of barley straw by anaerobic rumen bacteria and fungi in axenic culture and in co-culture with methanogens (1989)

Journal Article Fermentation of barley straw by anaerobic rumen bacteria and fungi in axenic culture and in co‐culture with methanogens Get access K.N. Joblin, K.N. Joblin *Biotechnology Division, DSIR, Private Bag, Palmerston North, New ZealandNutrition Division, Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB2 9SB, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Gillian P. Campbell, Gillian P. Campbell Nutrition Division, Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB2 9SB, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.J. Richardson, A.J. Richardson Nutrition Division, Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB2 9SB, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C.S. Stewart C.S. Stewart Nutrition Division, Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB2 9SB, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Letters in Applied Microbiology, Volume 9, Issue 5, 1 November 1989, Pages 195–197, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-765X.1989.tb00323.x Published: 01 November 1989 Article history Received: 04 August 1989 Accepted: 10 August 1989 Published: 01 November 1989
Truxene‐Based Columnar Liquid Crystals: Self‐Assembled Structures and Electro‐Active Properties (2009)

Columnar liquid-crystalline (LC) truxene derivatives containing branched flexible alkyl chains have been designed and synthesized. The dicyanomethylene and dithiafulvene substituents have been introduced into the pi-conjugated truxene framework to tune their electronic and redox properties as well as the molecular assembled structures. The pi-conjugated cores of dicyanomethylene- and dithiafulvene-appended truxenes adopt bowl-shaped conformations, giving rise to a large intrinsic dipole moment perpendicular to the aromatic framework. These molecules form stable columnar LC structures through intermolecular dipole-dipole interactions. The redox properties of LC truxene derivatives have been examined by cyclic voltammetry. The dicyanomethylene-appended truxene shows the reversible four-step electrochemical reductions, whereas the dithiafulvene-appended truxene undergoes three-step oxidations.
Crystallographic Analysis of Transition Al2O3 Phases Under the Constrains of Complex Intergrowth and Disorder (2020)

Transition aluminas are heavily used in catalytic applications, both as catalysts and catalytic supports While much research interest in transition aluminas is naturally directed towards understanding of surfaces and catalytic properties, more basic questions regarding the crystallographic nature of transition aluminas remain a subject of ongoing debate Due to the high degree of structural disorder, and limitation associated with the synthesis of transition aluminas (-Al2O3, -Al2O3, -Al2O3) in isolated forms, the conventional diffraction approaches cannot be used for crystallography analysis.
Lithium-based transition-metal oxides for battery electrodes analyzed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. III. LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 (2019)

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and x-ray-induced Auger electron spectroscopy were used to analyze untreated LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 powder obtained from Ecopro Company, Ltd. X-ray photoelectron and x-ray-induced Auger electron spectra were obtained using incident monochromatic Al Kα radiation at 0.834 01 nm. A survey spectrum together with Ni 2p, Co 2p, Mn 2p, Ni LMM, O 1s, C 1s, Ni 3s, Co 3s, Mn 3s, Ni 3p, Co 3p, Li 1s, and Mn 3p are presented. The spectra indicate the principal core level photoelectron and Auger electron signals. Making use of the O 1s, Ni 3p, Co 3p, Mn 3p, and Li 1s lines and neglecting the components related to surface contaminants, XPS quantitative analysis reveals an altered stoichiometry of the air-exposed powder surface of LiNi0.2Co0.05Mn0.1O0.7.
Whole Transcriptome Profiling of Maize during Early Somatic Embryogenesis Reveals Altered Expression of Stress Factors and Embryogenesis-Related Genes (2014)

Embryogenic tissue culture systems are utilized in propagation and genetic engineering of crop plants, but applications are limited by genotype-dependent culture response. To date, few genes necessary for embryogenic callus formation have been identified or characterized. The goal of this research was to enhance our understanding of gene expression during maize embryogenic tissue culture initiation. In this study, we highlight the expression of candidate genes that have been previously regarded in the literature as having important roles in somatic embryogenesis. We utilized RNA based sequencing (RNA-seq) to characterize the transcriptome of immature embryo explants of the highly embryogenic and regenerable maize genotype A188 at 0, 24, 36, 48, and 72 hours after placement of explants on tissue culture initiation medium. Genes annotated as functioning in stress response, such as glutathione-S-transferases and germin-like proteins, and genes involved with hormone transport, such as PINFORMED, increased in expression over 8-fold in the study. Maize genes with high sequence similarity to genes previously described in the initiation of embryogenic cultures, such as transcription factors BABY BOOM, LEAFY COTYLEDON, and AGAMOUS, and important receptor-like kinases such as SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS RECEPTOR LIKE KINASES and CLAVATA, were also expressed in this time course study. By combining results from whole genome transcriptome analysis with an in depth review of key genes that play a role in the onset of embryogenesis, we propose a model of coordinated expression of somatic embryogenesis-related genes, providing an improved understanding of genomic factors involved in the early steps of embryogenic culture initiation in maize and other plant species.
Encoding information as orbital angular momentum states of light for wireless optical communications (2007)

The issues of security and obstruction of line of sight are concerns of wireless optical communications (WOC). In this paper, an analysis of light beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) used for WOC is undertaken. The basic description and conception of OAM of light are given. Encoding information both as the OAM states of a single light beam and as the spatial structure of the mixed light beams with OAM is discussed and compared. Using OAM to encode the data offers an inherent security enhancement. Mixed vortex fields with OAM possess a self-reconstruction property that is able to regenerate and to reconstruct their initial spatial distributions of the complex amplitude in the condition of obstruction of line of sight.
The Structures of the Basidiomycete Metabolites Illudin S and Illudin M (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Structures of the Basidiomycete Metabolites Illudin S and Illudin MT. C. McMorris and Marjorie. AnchelCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1963, 85, 6, 831–832Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00889a052https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00889a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views214Altmetric-Citations78LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
New Spiders of the Family Agelenidae from Western North America (1937)

In the present paper are described a number of new genera and species of Agelenid spiders selected from many undescribed forms of this family that have been accumulating in our hands over the past several years. The species here considered are from the Western United States and Canada. Species of other genera and groups will be dealt with in subsequent papers.
Sodium Ion Cycle in Bacterial Pathogens: Evidence from Cross-Genome Comparisons (2001)

Analysis of the bacterial genome sequences shows that many human and animal pathogens encode primary membrane Na+ pumps, Na+-transporting dicarboxylate decarboxylases or Na+ translocating NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, and a number of Na+ -dependent permeases. This indicates that these bacteria can utilize Na+ as a coupling ion instead of or in addition to the H+ cycle. This capability to use a Na+ cycle might be an important virulence factor for such pathogens as Vibrio cholerae, Neisseria meningitidis, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, and Yersinia pestis. In Treponema pallidum, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Chlamydia pneumoniae, the Na+ gradient may well be the only energy source for secondary transport. A survey of preliminary genome sequences of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, and Treponema denticola indicates that these oral pathogens also rely on the Na+ cycle for at least part of their energy metabolism. The possible roles of the Na+ cycling in the energy metabolism and pathogenicity of these organisms are reviewed. The recent discovery of an effective natural antibiotic, korormicin, targeted against the Na+ -translocating NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, suggests a potential use of Na+ pumps as drug targets and/or vaccine candidates. The antimicrobial potential of other inhibitors of the Na+ cycle, such as monensin, Li+ and Ag+ ions, and amiloride derivatives, is discussed.
Simulation of bright‐field microscopy images depicting pap‐smear specimen (2015)

As digital imaging is becoming a fundamental part of medical and biomedical research, the demand for computer-based evaluation using advanced image analysis is becoming an integral part of many research projects. A common problem when developing new image analysis algorithms is the need of large datasets with ground truth on which the algorithms can be tested and optimized. Generating such datasets is often tedious and introduces subjectivity and interindividual and intraindividual variations. An alternative to manually created ground-truth data is to generate synthetic images where the ground truth is known. The challenge then is to make the images sufficiently similar to the real ones to be useful in algorithm development. One of the first and most widely studied medical image analysis tasks is to automate screening for cervical cancer through Pap-smear analysis. As part of an effort to develop a new generation cervical cancer screening system, we have developed a framework for the creation of realistic synthetic bright-field microscopy images that can be used for algorithm development and benchmarking. The resulting framework has been assessed through a visual evaluation by experts with extensive experience of Pap-smear images. The results show that images produced using our described methods are realistic enough to be mistaken for real microscopy images. The developed simulation framework is very flexible and can be modified to mimic many other types of bright-field microscopy images.
Prediction of long-range dependence in cyclostationary noise in low-voltage PLC networks (2016)

Exponential demand for broadband applications has elicited renewed interest in characterizing noise in power line communication (PLC) networks for optimal error performance analysis. PLC is economical and ubiquitous, however due to multipath phenomena and nonstationary impulsive noise, the PLC channel is very harsh to signal transmission. Recent studies reveal that PLC noise is cyclostationary and modelling its characteristic should exploit the spectral and temporal redundancy. In addition, preliminary research shows that PLC noise exhibits self-similarity and can be predicted by fractal theory. In modelling noise employing fractal theory, the Hausdorff dimension (D) needs to be approximated. D is related to Hurst parameter (H), which is a measure of self-similarity. Hence, it is important to estimate H for accurate noise prediction using fractal theory. H parameter estimators assume stationarity in time series data. Therefore, preprocessing is required for the case of PLC noise before estimating H to make it stationary as periodicity and nonstatioanrity affects the H estimators. In this study, we remove the periodicity hidden in the PLC noise obtained from measurement campaign within several university offices, workshops and laboratories. Then long-range dependence is estimated from this pre-processed noise data by employing three estimation algorithms: R/S (rescaled adjusted range) method, aggregated variance method and absolute values of aggregated series method. Results from the said estimation methods though not the same, show that the Hurst parameters obtained from various noise measurements are greater than 0.5, implying presence of self-similarity with long-term memory. Results from this study will find valuable applications in PLC noise modelling using fractal and chaos theory and in error performance analysis in both narrowband and broadband PLC systems.
A low-power, high-speed implementation of a PowerPC/sup TM/ microprocessor vector extension (2003)

The AltiVec/sup TM/ technology is an extension to the PowerPC architecture/sup TM/ which provides new computational and storage operations for handling vectors of various data lengths and data types. The first implementation using this technology is a low-cost, low-power processor based on the acclaimed PowerPC 750/sup TM/ microprocessor. This paper describes the microarchitecture and design of the vector arithmetic unit of this implementation.