gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Factorized Orthogonal Latent Spaces (2010)

Existing approaches to multi-view learning are particularly effective when the views are either independent (i.e, multi-kernel approaches) or fully dependent (i.e., shared latent spaces). However, in real scenarios, these assumptions are almost never truly satisfied. Recently, two methods have attempted to tackle this problem by factorizing the information and learn separate latent spaces for modeling the shared (i.e., correlated) and private (i.e., independent) parts of the data. However, these approaches are very sensitive to parameters setting or initialization. In this paper we propose a robust approach to factorizing the latent space into shared and private spaces by introducing orthogonality constraints, which penalize redundant latent representations. Furthermore, unlike previous approaches, we simultaneously learn the structure and dimensionality of the latent spaces by relying on a regularizer that encourages the latent space of each data stream to be low dimensional. To demonstrate the benefits of our approach, we apply it to two existing shared latent space models that assume full dependence of the views, the sGPLVM and the sKIE, and show that our constraints improve the performance of these models on the task of pose estimation from monocular images. 1
Forensic Applications (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Forensic Applications Based on ICP-MS Isotopic Analysis Future Outlook Acknowledgments References
Newton's cradles in optics: FromN-soliton fission to soliton chains (2013)

A mechanism for creating a Newton's cradle (NC) in nonlinear light wave trains under the action of the third-order dispersion (TOD) is demonstrated. The formation of the NC structure plays an important role in the process of fission of higher-order ($N$) solitons in optical fibers. After the splitting of the initial $N$ soliton into a nonuniform chain of fundamental quasisolitons, the tallest one travels along the entire chain, through consecutive collisions with other solitons, and then escapes, while the remaining chain of pulses stays as a bound state, due to the radiation-mediated interaction between them. Increasing the initial soliton's order, $N$, leads to the transmission through, and release of additional solitons with enhanced power, along with the emission of radiation, which may demonstrate a broadband supercontinuum spectrum. The NC dynamical regime remains robust in the presence of extra perturbations, such as the Raman and self-steepening effects, and dispersion terms above the third order. It is demonstrated that essentially the same NC mechanism is induced by the TOD in finite segments of periodic wave trains (in particular, soliton chains). A difference from the mechanical NC is that the TOD-driven pulse passing through the soliton array collects energy and momentum from other solitons. Thus, uniform and nonuniform arrays of nonlinear wave pulses offer an essential extension of the mechanical NC, in which the quasiparticles, unlike mechanical beads, interact inelastically, exchanging energy and generating radiation. Nevertheless, the characteristic phenomenology of NC chains may be clearly identified in these nonlinear-wave settings too.
Active Storage for Large-Scale Data Mining and Multimedia (1998)

The increasing performance and decreasing cost of processors and memory are causing system intelligence to move into peripherals from the CPU. Storage system designers are using this trend toward “excess ” compute power to perform more complex processing and optimizations inside storage devices. To date, such optimizations have been at relatively low levels of the storage protocol. At the same time, trends in storage density, mechanics, and electronics are eliminating the bottleneck in moving data off the media and putting pressure on interconnects and host processors to move data more efficiently. We propose a system called Active Disks that takes advantage of processing power on individual disk drives to run application-level code. Moving portions of an application’s processing to execute directly at disk drives can dramatically reduce data traffic and take advantage of the storage parallelism already present in large systems today. We discuss several types of applications that would benefit from this capability with a focus on the areas of database, data mining, and multimedia. We develop an analytical model of the speedups possible for scan-intensive applications in an Active Disk system. We also experiment with a prototype Active Disk system using relatively low-powered processors in comparison to a database server system with a single, fast processor. Our experiments validate the intuition in our model and demonstrate speedups of 2x on 10 disks across four scan-based applications. The model promises linear speedups in disk arrays of hundreds of disks, provided the application data is large enough.
Near-noiseless amplification for analog optical signals (2008)

We demonstrate an ultra-low-noise fiber-optic phase-sensitive amplification scheme that is capable of providing more than 10 dB of gain on a 40 MHz analog signal.
The effect of volatile organic acids and CO2 on the corrosion rate of carbon steel from a Top-of-Line-Corrosion (TLC) perspective (2021)

Abstract Models for predicting top-of-line corrosion (TLC) rates on carbon steels are important tools for cost-effectively designing and operating natural gas transportation pipelines. The work presented in this paper is aimed to investigate how the corrosion rates on carbon steel is affected by acids typically present in the transported pipeline fluids. This investigation may contribute to the development of improved models. In a series of experiments, the corrosion rate differences for pure CO 2 (carbonic acid) corrosion and pure organic acid corrosion (acetic acid and formic acid) on X65 carbon steel were investigated at starting pH values; 4.5, 5.3, or 6.3. The experiments were conducted in deaerated low-salinity aqueous solutions at atmospheric pressure and temperature of 65 °C. The corrosion rates were evaluated from linear polarization resistance data as well as mass loss and released iron concentration. A correlation between lower pH values and increased corrosion rates was found for the organic acid experiments. However, the pH was not the most critical factor for the rates of carbon steel corrosion in these experiments. The experimental results showed that the type of acid species involved and the concentration of the undissociated acid in the solution influenced the corrosion rates considerably.
Vapor phase synthesis of crystalline nanometer-scale GaAs clusters (1992)

We report the synthesis of crystalline nanometer-scale GaAs clusters in the 5–10 nm size regime. The clusters are formed by the homogeneous nucleation of a nonequilibrium vapor created by the explosive vaporization of a bulk GaAs sample in an inert atmosphere. High resolution electron microscopy and diffraction show that the clusters have zincblende crystal structure and are faceted. Optical measurements on the particles are suggestive of quantum confinement effects.
Two Thimet Oligopeptidase-Like Pz Peptidases Produced by a Collagen- Degrading Thermophile, Geobacillus collagenovorans MO-1 (2005)

A collagen-degrading thermophile, Geobacillus collagenovorans MO-1, was found to produce two metallopeptidases that hydrolyze the synthetic substrate 4-phenylazobenzyloxycarbonyl-Pro-Leu-Gly-Pro-D-Arg (Pz-PLGPR), containing the collagen-specific sequence -Gly-Pro-X-. The peptidases, named Pz peptidases A and B, were purified to homogeneity and confirmed to hydrolyze collagen-derived oligopeptides but not collagen itself, indicating that Pz peptidases A and B contribute to collagen degradation in collaboration with a collagenolytic protease in G. collagenovorans MO-1. There were many similarities between Pz peptidases A and B in their catalytic properties; however, they had different molecular masses and shared no antigenic groups against the respective antibodies. Their primary structures clarified from the cloned genes showed lower identity (22%). From homology analysis for proteolytic enzymes in the database, the two Pz peptidases belong to the M3B family. In addition, Pz peptidases A and B shared high identities of over 70% with unassigned peptidases and oligopeptidase F-like peptidases of the M3B family, respectively. Those homologue proteins are putative in the genome database but form two distinct segments, including Pz peptidases A and B, in the phylogenic tree. Mammalian thimet oligopeptidases, which were previously thought to participate in collagen degradation and share catalytic identities with Pz peptidases, were found to have lower identities in the overall primary sequence with Pz peptidases A and B but a significant resemblance in the vicinity of the catalytic site.
Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study of Capacitive Imaging Technique as a Nondestructive Testing Method (2021)

It was recently demonstrated that a coplanar capacitive sensor could be applied to the evaluation of materials without the disadvantages associated with the other techniques. This technique effectively detects changes in the dielectric properties of the materials due to, for instance, imperfections or variations in the internal structure, by moving a set of simple electrodes on the surface of the specimen. An AC voltage is applied to one or more electrodes and signals are detected by others. This is a promising inspection method for imaging the interior structure of the numerous materials, without the necessity to be in contact with the surface of the sample. In this paper, finite element (FE) modeling was employed to simulate the electric field distribution from a coplanar capacitive sensor and the way it interacts with a nonconducting sample. Physical experiments with a prototype capacitive sensor were also performed on a Plexiglas sample with subsurface defects, to assess the imaging performance of the sensor. A good qualitative agreement was observed between the numerical simulation and experimental result.
Aggregation of solutes in bosonic versus fermionic quantum fluids (2021)

Quantum fluid droplets made of helium-3 (<sup>3</sup>He) or helium-4 (<sup>4</sup>He) isotopes have long been considered as ideal cryogenic nanolabs, enabling unique ultracold chemistry and spectroscopy applications. The droplets were believed to provide a homogeneous environment in which dopant atoms and molecules could move and react almost as in free space but at temperatures close to absolute zero. Here, we report ultrafast x-ray diffraction experiments on xenon-doped <sup>3</sup>He and <sup>4</sup>He nanodroplets, demonstrating that the unavoidable rotational excitation of isolated droplets leads to highly anisotropic and inhomogeneous interactions between the host matrix and enclosed dopants. Superfluid <sup>4</sup>He droplets are laced with quantum vortices that trap the embedded particles, leading to the formation of filament-shaped clusters. In comparison, dopants in <sup>3</sup>He droplets gather in diffuse, ring-shaped structures along the equator. The shapes of droplets carrying filaments or rings are direct evidence that rotational excitation is the root cause for the inhomogeneous dopant distributions.
PATTERN SYNTHESIS FOR PLANAR ARRAY BASED ON ELEMENTS ROTATION (2009)

Aiming at improving the radiating characteristics (pattern and polarization) and simplifying the design of feeding network, a new approach is applied and discussed. For uniformly excited planar antenna array, by rotating each element in its local coordinates and determining the rotation angles of the elements, the 3D radiating characteristic of the planar antenna array can be improved. The Difierential Evolution (DE) algorithm is applied for optimizing rotation angles of the elements. Furthermore, the efiects of the elements rotation are discussed in detail.
The Mediation Effect of Traffic Locus of Control on the Relationships between Psychological Characteristics and Reckless Driving of Drivers (2018)

We sought to investigate the mediation effect of multidimensional traffic-locus of control (T-LOC) of drivers on the relationships between their psychological characteristics and reckless driving behaviors using questionnaire battery composed of Driving Behavior Determinants Questionnaire, Reckless Driving Behavior Questionnaire, and Multidimensional Traffic Locus of Control Questionnaire. As results of the analysis showed that the mediation effect of T-LOC had a partial mediation of both internal and external T-LOC relationship between the drivers' psychological characteristics and reckless driving behavior. More specifically, internal T-LOC had a tendency of complete mediation effect relationship between Anti-Personal Angry of psychological characteristics and Drunken Driving of reckless driving behavior and external T-LOC also had a complete mediation effect relationship between Anti-Personal Angry of psychological characteristics and Speeding of reckless driving behavior. Based on these results, we confirmed that even if the drivers had the same psychological characteristics, the kinds of reckless driving behavior was different according to the belief in the cause of the accident. Therefore, it is suggested that the systems that need to interact with drivers, such as in-vehicle intelligent systems and autonomous vehicles, should reflect their psychological characteristics.
Ultrasmooth and Photoresist‐Free Micropore‐Based EGaIn Molecular Junctions: Fabrication and How Roughness Determines Voltage Response (2019)

Abstract In molecular electronics, it is critical to minimize the sources that can result in defective electrodes, such as contaminations related to the fabrication process (photoresist and organic residues) or roughening of the electrode during etching, because these defects hamper the formation of well‐organized molecular structures. Junctions based on micropores are desirable as they are scalable, but micropores are not fabricated on ultrasmooth template‐stripped electrodes, and may suffer from stray capacitances and leakage currents across the insulating matrix. A method is reported to fabricate micropores in AlO x on template‐stripped Au based on a two‐step etch process so that the Au surface is not in direct contact with photoresistance during the fabrication process. These junctions do not suffer from stray capacitances or leakage currents, enable temperature variable measurements down to 8.5 K, have excellent current retention characteristics, and are stable for at least 2 months. By analyzing the normalized differential conductance curves and detailed comparison against junctions with cone‐shaped tips of EGaIn and EGaIn stabilized in a through‐hole in polydimethylsiloxane, how the surface roughness of top electrodes affects the effective contact area, influences the symmetry of the response of the junctions, and how the electrical characteristics scale with molecular length are established.
A front end for ultra-intense OPCPA (2012)

A front end is being constructed for ultra-intense optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification (OPCPA) system at 910 nm. Technologies are being developed for large-scale systems based on deuterated potassium dihydrogen phosphate (DKDP) optical parametric amplifiers that could be pumped by kilojoule-class Nd:glass lasers such as OMEGA EP. Results are reviewed for a prototype white-light-seeded chain of noncollinear optical parametric amplifiers (NOPA's) and the development of a cylindrical Öffner stretcher that has advantages over standard stretchers for ultra-intense, high-contrast systems. The front-end development will culminate in demonstrating a mid-scale optical parametric amplifier line (OPAL) that will use scalable technologies to produce 7.5-J, 15-fs pulses with a temporal contrast exceeding 1010.
Performance Characterization of Pressure Sensors Using an Improved Pressure Square Wave Generator (2005)

The purpose of this paper is to analyze and compare the dynamic characteristics of various structure pressure sensors using the Improved Pressure Square Wave Generator (IPSWG). The developed IPSWG is a signal generator that creates pressure square waves as an excitation source. The dynamic characteristics of pressure sensor in hydraulic systems can be measured and evaluated effectively due to the high excitation energy. The method is also useful for dynamic testing and characterization for a high frequency range, which cannot be performed by the traditional methods, such as the hammer kit excitation, sweeping frequency pressure wave, and random frequency wave. Result shows that piezoelectric sensors (quartz) have a largest gain margin and overshoot. The strain gauge sensor has a smaller gain margin and overshoot. The piezoelectric sensor is more suitable for measuring dynamic pressure.
Transcollicular Approach to Intrinsic Tectal Lesions (1999)

We conclude that the paramedian, infratentorial-supracerebellar, transcollicular approach permits safe removal of intrinsic tectal lesions. Resection of the superior or inferior colliculus or both on one side seems to be neurologically well tolerated.
Safety of fixed-dose loratadine/montelukast in subjects with allergic rhinitis (2010)

The safety of loratadine (second-generation antihistamine) and montelukast (leukotriene receptor antagonist) as monotherapies is well documented. Safety of the fixed-dose, single-tablet therapy loratadine/montelukast (L/M; SCH 445761, containing loratadine [10 mg]/montelukast [10 mg]), for treatment of the symptoms of allergic rhinitis in >3800 subjects is described. Safety data from 19 randomized clinical studies in which subjects were administered L/M are presented. Adverse events (AEs) were defined as any unfavorable and unintended sign, symptom, or laboratory data, including onset of new illness and exacerbation of preexisting conditions. Only AEs with an onset during the treatment period (i.e., treatment emergent) are summarized. Safety was also assessed via clinical laboratory evaluations and monitoring of vital signs and electrocardiogram (ECG). Overall, the incidence of AEs reported with L/M in the 19 studies was low and comparable with placebo, loratadine monotherapy, and montelukast monotherapy. The most frequently reported AE across all studies was headache. Most AEs were not severe and the duration of such events was short lived. Three AEs (headache [4.5%], fatigue [1.2%], and pharyngolaryngeal pain [1.2%]), regardless of relation to treatment, were reported by >1% of subjects in the L/M treatment group of multiple-dose, placebo-controlled studies. There were no clinically significant changes in clinical laboratory analyses or in vital signs, physical findings, or ECG found to be clinically relevant. Administration of the fixed-dose, single-tablet formulation of L/M was well tolerated. In these clinical studies, the safety of L/M was comparable with placebo, loratadine, and montelukast.
Overview of the LADCO winter nitrate study: hourly ammonia, nitric acid and PM 2.5 composition at an urban and rural site pair during PM 2.5 episodes in the US Great Lakes region (2012)

Abstract. An overview of the LADCO (Lake Michigan Air Directors Consortium) Winter Nitrate Study (WNS) is presented. Sampling was conducted at ground level at an urban-rural pair of sites during January–March 2009 in eastern Wisconsin, toward the Western edge of the US Great Lakes region. Areas surrounding these sites experience multiday episodes of wintertime PM2.5 pollution characterized by high fractions of ammonium nitrate in PM, low wind speeds, and air mass stagnation. Hourly surface monitoring of inorganic gases and aerosols supplemented long-term 24-h aerosol chemistry monitoring at these locations. The urban site (Milwaukee, WI) experienced 13 PM2.5 episodes, defined as periods where the seven-hour moving average PM2.5 concentration exceeded 27 μg m−3 for at least four consecutive hours. The rural site experienced seven episodes by the same metric, and all rural episodes coincided with urban episodes. Episodes were characterized by low pressure systems, shallow/stable boundary layer, light winds, and increased temperature and relative humidity relative to climatological mean conditions. They often occurred in the presence of regional snow cover at temperatures near freezing, when snow melt and sublimation could generate fog and strengthen the boundary layer inversion. Substantial contribution to nitrate production from nighttime chemistry of ozone and NO2 to N2O5 and nitric acid is likely and requires further investigation. Pollutant-specific urban excess during episode and non-episode conditions is presented. The largest remaining uncertainties in the conceptual model of the wintertime episodes are the variability from episode-to-episode in ammonia emissions, the balance of daytime and nighttime nitrate production, the relationship between ammonia controls, NOx controls and ammonium nitrate reductions, and the extent to which snow and fog are causal (either through meteorological or chemical processes) rather than just correlated with episodes because of similar synoptic meteorology.
Chiral skyrmions in thin magnetic films: new objects for magnetic storage technologies? (2011)

Axisymmetric magnetic string-like objects of nanometre sizes (chiral vortices or skyrmions ) have been predicted to exist in a large group of noncentrosymmetric crystals more than two decades ago. Recently, these magnetic textures have been directly observed in nanolayers of cubic helimagnets and monolayers of magnetic metals. We develop a micromagnetic theory of chiral skyrmions in thin magnetic layers for magnetic materials with intrinsic and induced chirality. Such particle-like and stable micromagnetic objects can exist in broad ranges of applied magnetic fields including zero field. Chiral skyrmions can be used as a new type of highly mobile nanoscale data carriers.
Reversal of Graft-Versus-Host Disease with Infusion of Stored Autologous Bone Marrow Cells Following Combined Liver-Bone Marrow Allotransplantation in Man. (1993)

Graft-versus-host reaction was first described following splenocyte transplantation1 and was correctly attributed to recognition of the host by immunologically competent cells of the graft. Soon, the same phenomenon was recognized in recipients of organs that are rich in lymphoid tissue2 and was demonstrated after parent to offspring F1 hybrid intestinal transplantation in rats.3 An increasing frequency of graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD) has been observed after transplantation of other organs, including the human liver.4–12

In this report, we describe reversal of GVHD in a recipient of a combined liver-bone marrow transplant by infusion of stored autologous bone marrow cells.