gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and Analysis of a Bio-Inspired Wire-Driven Multi-Section Flexible Robot (2013)

This paper presents a bio-inspired wire-driven multi-section flexible robot. It is inspired by the snake skeleton and octopus arm muscle arrangements. The robot consists of three sections and each section is made up of several identical vertebras, which are articulated by both spherical joints and a flexible backbone. Each section is driven by two groups of wires, controlling the bending motion in X and Y directions. This design integrates the serpentine robots' structure and the continuum robots' actuation. As a result, it is more compact than traditional serpentine robots and has a higher positioning accuracy than typical continuum soft robots, such as OctArm V. A Kinematics model and a workspace model of the robot are developed based on the piece wise constant curvature assumption. To evaluate the design, a prototype is built and experiments are carried out. The average distal end positioning error is less than 4%. Characteristics of the wire-driven robot are also discussed, including the leverage effect and the manipulability under constraint. These features makes the proposed robot well suited to confined spaces, especially for working in minimally invasive surgery, nuclear reactor pipelines, disaster debris, etc.
Sublimating chemical technique for boundary-layer flow visualizationin flight testing (1988)

With the introduction of modern aircraft utilizing laminar flow, flow visualization has become an important diagnostic tool in determining aerodynamic characteristics such as surface flow direction and boundary-layer state. Oil flow and sublimating chemical techniques are discussed, and the use of sublimating chemicals is examined in detail. Oil is used to visualize boundary-layer transition location, shock-wave location, regions of separated flow, and surface flow direction. Sublimating chemicals are used to visualize both the location and mode of boundary-laye r transition. The different modes of transition are characterized by different patterns in the developed sublimating chemical coating. The discussion includes interpretation of these chemical patterns and the temperature and velocity operating limitations of the chemical substances. Information for selection and application of appropriate chemicals for a desired set of flight conditions is provided.
Chemical Deposition of Vanadium Oxide Electrode for Electrochemical Capacitors (2015)

INTRODUCTION Vanadium oxides have been investigated as pseudocapacitive electrode material because of their low cost, abundance in nature and high energy capacity [1-2]. The performance of the electrodes strongly depends on the fabrication methods. However, a technique that can produce vanadium oxide with high performance, low cost and ready to scale up is yet to be developed. In this work, we demonstrate a novel and simple chemical method to deposit vanadium oxides with potential applications in electrochemical capacitors. EXPERIMENTAL A thin Titanium foil was ultrasonically cleaned by acetone and immersed in a 20ml 0.5M VOSO 4 solution. 0.3ml 1M NaOH was added to initiate a chemical precipitation process. The titanium substrate was left un-stirred in the solution for 5 days until the surface was covered by a greenish film. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were taken to examine the surface morphology. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) was used to characterize the electrochemical performance of the samples in 1 M LiCl solution. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The SEM image of the surface, illustrated in Fig. 1, showed the chemical deposited vanadium oxide had layered structure with a denser layer at the bottom and a sparser and island-like layer on the top. Yet two layers are highly porous with meso- and macro- porosity, suggesting the chemical deposition enabled a large surface area that might contribute to a high capacitance. It was found the entire surface was covered by the porous vanadium oxide, showing the chemical deposition is evenly distributed on the substrate. The cycle life of vanadium oxide electrode was shown in Fig.2, where the CV of the 1 st cycle, 1000 th cycle, 2000 th cycle and 3000 th cycle were compared. The result depicted a very rectangular and ideal capacitive behavior, suggesting the deposited vanadium oxide is suitable in electrochemical capacitors application. As a comparison, the CV of the Ti substrate showed very little capacitance. Moreover, it showed little change in CV profile from 1 st to 3000 th cycle, indicating that the electrode was stable for long time cycling in 1 M LiCl. There was a slight decrease in capacitance after 3000 cycle (ca. 10%), likely due to the some degradation on the surface. However, since vanadium oxide was usually reported to have poor stability due to pulverization and dissolution [1], the results in Fig. 2 is still very promising. In addition to the morphology and electrochemical characterizations, the composition and crystal structures of the produced vanadium oxide were also investigated. These results will be presented as well. REFERENCES [1] G. Wang, X. Lu, Y. Ling, T. Zhai, H. Wang, Y. Tong, Y. Li, ACS Nano , 6, 10296 (2012) [2] I.-H. Kim, J.-H. Kim, B.-W. Cho, K.-B. Kim, Journal of The Electrochemical Society , 153, A1451 (2006) Figure 1
APRIL (1990)

Processors in large-scale multiprocessors must be able to tolerate large communication latencies and synchronization delays. This paper describes the architecture of a rapid-context-switching processor called APRIL with support for fine-grain threads and synchronization. APRIL achieves high single-thread performance and supports virtual dynamic threads. A commercial RISC-based implementation of APRIL and a run-time software system that can switch contexts in about 10 cycles is described. Measurements taken for several parallel applications on an APRIL simulator show that the overhead for supporting parallel tasks based on futures is reduced by a factor of two over a corresponding implementation on the Encore Multimax. The scalability of a multiprocessor based on APRIL is explored using a performance model. We show that the SPARC-based implementation of APRIL can achieve close to 80% processor utilization with as few as three resident threads per processor in a large-scale cache-based machine with an average base network latency of 55 cycles.
Study on Dividing Two-phase Annular flow in a Horizontal Micro T-junction (2011)

The objective of the present study is to investigate the dividing two-phase flow in a horizontal micro T-junction with the same rectangular cross section, <TEX>$800\;{\mu}m{\times}800\;{\mu}m$</TEX>, experimentally. Air and water were used as the test fluids. The superficial velocity ranges of air and water were 15~20 m/s and 0.11~0.2 m/s, respectively. Dividing flow characteristics at the micro T-junction are different from those at the larger T-junctions (5~10 mm in hydraulic diameter). Compared with the results of previous works related with the T-junction with mini cross sections (about 5 mm), for lower range of gas separation, the fraction of the liquid separated through the branch decreases for the fixed fraction of the gas separation. But for higher range of gas separation, higher liquid separation could be found.
Species divergence in gut-restricted bacteria of social bees (2022)

Host-associated microbiomes, particularly gut microbiomes, often harbor related but distinct microbial lineages, but how this diversity arises and is maintained is not well understood. A prerequisite for lineage diversification is reproductive isolation imposed by barriers to gene flow. In host-associated microbes, genetic recombination can be disrupted by confinement to different hosts, for example following host speciation, or by niche partitioning within the same host. Taking advantage of the simple gut microbiome of social bees, we explore the diversification of two groups of gut-associated bacteria, Gilliamella and Snodgrassella, which have evolved for 80 million y with honey bees and bumble bees. Our analyses of sequenced genomes show that these lineages have diversified into discrete populations with limited gene flow. Divergence has occurred between symbionts of different host species and, in some cases, between symbiont lineages within a single host individual. Populations have acquired genes to adapt to specific hosts and ecological niches; for example, Gilliamella lineages differ markedly in abilities to degrade dietary polysaccharides and to use the resulting sugar components. Using engineered fluorescent bacteria in vivo, we show that Gilliamella lineages localize to different hindgut regions, corresponding to differences in their abilities to use spatially concentrated nitrogenous wastes of hosts. Our findings show that bee gut bacteria can diversify due to isolation in different host species and also due to spatial niche partitioning within individual hosts, leading to barriers to gene flow.
Teleoperated multimodal robotic interface for telemedicine: A case study on remote auscultation (2017)

The remote examination is becoming more and more important as the population is aging and experts lack as ever before. We propose a novel system which is suitable for remote examination and in particular for remote auscultation. The system is located at two sites, at the patient site a robot holds a stethoscope which is placed on the patient while an RGB-D sensor streams a video of the scene. At the doctor site, the doctor interacts with a haptic interface that allows s/he to move the stethoscope while receiving haptic feedback when the stethoscope is in contact with the patient and looking at the remote scene on a screen. The doctor listens to the noise from the stethoscope thanks to a diaphragm and a headset where the audio stream from the patient site is played. After presenting this novel system, we show its effectiveness by means of experiments that involve auscultation-like tasks. We show the usability of the system to place the stethoscope, the usability to hear correctly the noise of the heart as well as the overall quality of the streamed audio signal.
Non-visible print set-off of photoinitiators in food packaging: detection by ambient ionisation mass spectrometry (2013)

Direct analysis in real time coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (DART/TOF-MS) was used to detect the non-visible set-off of photoinitiators on the food contact surface of three different packages. The samples were intentionally under-cured to provoke set-off. Twelve commercially available photoinitiators were included in the ink formulations including α-amino-, morpholino, and α-hydroxy benzophenones, thioxanthones, aryl-phosphine oxide and three polymeric versions of these. Major colours of the packages' prints were analysed, as well as the specific areas of the inner surface in contact with them. Larger quantities of photoinitiators were detected on the food contact areas in contact with the darker colours of the images. Speed-cure 7005 and 4-phenylbenzophenone were the compounds most susceptible to set-off in each of the samples by DART response. An identification protocol for unknown set-off compounds was tested, resulting in the set-off detection of diethylene glycol ethers, erucamide and acrylates, and confirmed by solvent extraction GC-MS analysis. Finally, DART/TOF-MS was scanned across transects of the food contact side of packages to map the presence of photoinitiators. Higher photoinitiator signals were observed in patterns corresponding to the printed image, suggesting DART/TOF-MS might "image" print set-off.
Optimization of modulator and circuits for low power continuous-time Delta-Sigma ADC (2014)

This paper presents a new optimization method for achieving a minimum current consumption in a continuous-time Delta-Sigma analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The method is applied to a continuous-time modulator realised with active-RC integrators and with a folded-cascode operational transconductance amplifier (OTA). Based on a detailed circuit analysis of the integrator and the OTA, key expression are derived relating the biasing current of the OTA to the noise requirements of the integrator. In the optimization the corner frequency of the modulator loop filter and the number of quantizer levels are swept. Based on the results of the circuit analysis, for each modulator combination the summed current consumption of the 1st integrator and quantizer of the ADC is determined. By also sweeping the partitioning of the noise power for the different circuit parts, the optimum modulator and circuit solution that fulfils a predefined set of performance requirements at minimum current is found. A design example is provided for a 3rd order modulator, achieving for the OTA of the 1st integrator and the quantizer a summed current consumption of 28 μA. An SNR of 84.3 dB in the 20 kHz audio band was achieved, when considering the noise from the 1st integrator and the quantizer.
Synthesis, crystal structure and DNA interaction studies of three coordination polymers with mixed ligand (2012)

Abstract Three coordination polymers [Mn(Nip)(Pbim)] n (1), [Co(Nip)(Pbim)] n (2) and [Zn(Nip)(Pbim)] n (3) [5-nitroisophthalate (Nip) and 2-(2-pyridyl)benzimidazole (Pbim)] were synthesised and characterised by elemental analysis, IR and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that 1, 2 and 3 have 1-D ladder chain structures constructed from μ3-bridge Nip ligands and metal atoms. All of these chain-like structures are finally packed into supramolecular networks through hydrogen bonds and π–π stacking interactions. Fluorescence spectral method has been used for the study on the interaction of film sperm DNA with complexes. The results show that the corresponding fluorescence spectrum appeared and the intensity was enhanced with the growth of the concentration of DNA. All of the results indicate that there exists strong interaction of the complexes with DNA. Keywords: crystal structuremixed ligandsupramolecular networkfluorescenceDNA interaction Acknowledgements We acknowledge financial support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51062016) and the Natural Science Foundation of the Education Committee of Guangxi Province (No. 200911MS199).
EFFECT OF COBALT AND CHROMIUM IONS ON CASPASE ACTIVITY IN HUMAN MACROPHAGES (2008)

The aim of this study was to analyze in human macrophages the effects of Co 2+ and Cr 3+ ions on the activity of caspase-8 and caspase-3, initiator and executioner of apoptosis, respectively. Caspase-3 and -8 activities were measured by colorimetric assays. Results show that Co 2+ ions induced caspase-3 activity in a time-dependent manner. Co 2+ had no effect on caspase-8 activity. The activation of caspase-3 by Cr 3+ was time-dependent while caspase-8 activity reached a maximum after eight hours and decreased thereafter. Since caspase-8 is primarily activated by membrane-associated events, our results suggest that Cr 3+ interacts with cell membrane components to induce macrophage apoptosis, whereas Co 2+ seems to stimulate apoptosis most likely through intracellularly located mechanisms. Because of their potential for improved wear performance, there has been a revived interest in metal-metal bearings, made of cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloys, as an alternative to the use of conventional metal-polyethylene bearings. However, metal ion toxicity remains a major cause for concern. Previous studies suggested that both cobalt (Co 2+ ) and chromium (Cr 3+ ) ions induce macrophage apoptosis. The interest in apoptosis lies in the fact that it offers specific targets for therapeutic intervention. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects in human macrophages of Co 2+ and Cr 3+ ions on the activity of caspase-8 and caspase-3, initiator and executioner of apoptosis, respectively. U937 human macrophages were exposed to 0–10 ppm Co 2+ (CoCl 2 ) and 0–500 ppm Cr 3+ (CrCl 3 ). Caspase-3 and caspase-8 activities were measured by colorimetric assays based on the recognition of specific amino acid sequences (DEVD and IETD, respectively). Results show that Co 2+ ions induced caspase-3 activity with a significant increase after four hour incubation and a maximal 2.65-fold increase reached after twenty-four hour with 10 ppm. Co 2+ had no effect on caspase-8 activity. Cr 3+ ions significantly stimulated caspase-3 activity after four hours with a maximal 1.75-fold stimulation reached after twenty-four hours, reaching only 50% of that observed with Co 2+ . Caspase-8 activity was significantly increased after two hours incubation, peaking at eight hours with a 2.2-fold increase, and decreasing thereafter. Since caspase-8 is primarily activated by membrane-associated events, our results suggest that Cr 3+ interacts with cell membrane components to induce macrophage apoptosis. On the other hand, Co 2+ seems to stimulate caspase-3 activity and apoptosis most likely through intracellularly located mechanisms.
Prognostic value of involved/uninvolved free light chain ratio determined by Freelite and N Latex FLC assays for identification of high-risk smoldering myeloma patients (2019)

Background Smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) is an asymptomatic plasma cell disorder with a high risk of progression to symptomatic multiple myeloma (MM). The serum free light chain (sFLC) ratio is a powerful prognostic factor for SMM: an sFLC ratio ≥8 has been reported to be associated with a high risk of progression to MM, and an sFLC ratio ≥100 has been described as a criterion for ultra-high-risk SMM, and has been integrated into the definition criteria for MM since 2014. However, all recommendations were based on sFLC measured using the first commercialized assay, Freelite™, while other assays are now available. We aimed to evaluate the safety and accuracy of N-Latex sFLC to identify high-risk and ultra-high-risk SMM. Methods The sFLC ratio was measured at diagnosis with both Freelite and N-Latex assays in a cohort of 176 SMM patients on a BN Prospec nephelometer. Demographic, clinical, therapeutic and laboratory data were collected at the time of diagnosis and at follow-up. Results Sixty-two patients (35.2%) progressed to MM within 2 years. Compared to Freelite™ sFLC, N Latex sFLC ratios ≥8 and ≥100 provided similar performances for the identification of high-risk and ultra-high risk SMM patients. Conclusions Our results evidenced that the N-Latex assay could be used for SMM monitoring, like Freelite. However, an N-Latex sFLC ratio ≥70 appears to provide similar performances to a Freelite sFLC ratio ≥100, with a slightly better positive predictive value. Both assays provided accurate identification of high-risk and ultra-high risk SMM patients. These results should be confirmed in an independent study.
ChemInform Abstract: Solid‐Phase Mechanochemical Synthesis of Fluoroaromatic Compounds. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Entanglement is Sometimes Enough (2013)

For many decades the word "entanglement" has been firmly attached to the world of quantum mechanics. So is the phrase "Bell violation". Here we show, without contradicting quantum mechanics, that classical non-deterministic fields also provide a natural basis for entanglement and Bell analyses. Surprisingly, such fields are not eliminated by the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt Bell violation test as viable alternatives to quantum theory. An experimental setup for verification is proposed.
A cost-effective 0.25 μm L/sub eff/ BiCMOS technology featuring graded-channel CMOS (GCMOS) and a quasi-self-aligned (QSA) NPN for RF wireless applications (2002)

A cost-effective 0.25 /spl mu/m L/sub eff/ graded-channel BiCMOS technology is reported. GCMOS devices offer superior transconductance and short-channel effects to transistors with conventional laterally uniform channel doping. A complete suite of active and passive devices is offered.
Stereocontrolled Synthesis of the Corey Prostaglandin Intermediate, 7-Syn-methoxymethyl-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-one (1983)

Abstract The key steps in the reported stereocontrolled synthesis of bicyclic ketone 2 are Diels-Alder reaction of 5-methoxymethyl-1,2,3,4,5-pentachloro-1,3-pyclopentadiene, 3, and vinyl acetate and stereocontrolled reductive dechlorination of bicyclic THP ether 4c.
Merging hypertext and information retrieval in the interface (1996)

No abstract available.
Toxic effect and inability of L-homoserine to be a nitrogen source for growth of Escherichia coli resolved by a combination of in vivo evolution engineering and omics analyses (2022)

L-homoserine is a pivotal intermediate in the carbon and nitrogen metabolism of <i>E. coli.</i> However, this non-canonical amino acid cannot be used as a nitrogen source for growth. Furthermore, growth of this bacterium in a synthetic media is potently inhibited by L-homoserine. To understand this dual effect, an adapted laboratory evolution (ALE) was applied, which allowed the isolation of a strain able to grow with L-homoserine as the nitrogen source and was, at the same time, desensitized to growth inhibition by this amino acid. Sequencing of this evolved strain identified only four genomic modifications, including a 49 bp truncation starting from the stop codon of <i>thrL</i>. This mutation resulted in a modified <i>thrL</i> locus carrying a <i>thrL*</i> allele encoding a polypeptide 9 amino acids longer than the <i>thrL</i> encoded leader peptide. Remarkably, the replacement of <i>thrL</i> with <i>thrL*</i> in the original strain MG1655 alleviated L-homoserine inhibition to the same extent as strain 4E, but did not allow growth with this amino acid as a nitrogen source. The loss of L-homoserine toxic effect could be explained by the rapid conversion of L-homoserine into threonine <i>via</i> the <i>thrL*-</i>dependent transcriptional activation of the threonine operon <i>thrABC</i>. On the other hand, the growth of <i>E. coli</i> on a mineral medium with L-homoserine required an activation of the threonine degradation pathway II and glycine cleavage system, resulting in the release of ammonium ions that were likely recaptured by NAD(P)-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase. To infer about the direct molecular targets of L-homoserine toxicity, a transcriptomic analysis of wild-type MG1655 in the presence of 10 mM L-homoserine was performed, which notably identified a potent repression of locomotion-motility-chemotaxis process and of branched-chain amino acids synthesis. Since the magnitude of these effects was lower in a <i>ΔthrL</i> mutant, concomitant with a twofold lower sensitivity of this mutant to L-homoserine, it could be argued that growth inhibition by L-homoserine is due to the repression of these biological processes. In addition, L-homoserine induced a strong upregulation of genes in the sulfate reductive assimilation pathway, including those encoding its transport. How this non-canonical amino acid triggers these transcriptomic changes is discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Crystal Structure of the Hexaselenodiphosphates(IV) of Antimony and Bismuth. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.