gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cytogenetical Studies in the Genus <i>Citrullus</i>, IV. Intra- and Interspecific Hybrids between <i>C. colocynthis</i> Schrad. and <i>C. vulgaris</i> Schrad (1960)

Intra- and interspecific hybrids were easily obtained from crosses among two races (C. No. 1 and C. No. 3) of C. colocynthis Schrad. and a variety (V. No. 1) of C. vulgaris Schrad..Chromosome behavior of the three parental races was normal throughout the course of their meiotic divisions. Chromosome conjugations at metaphase I in PMC's of the three hybrids showed 11 bivlaents in about 50% of the cells. The remaining cells showed irregular chromosome associations such as multivalents, mostly trivalents, and univalents. The frequency of the cells with multivalent associations differs among the three hybrids (Fig. 1 and Table 2). Pollen fertility was found to be approximately 50% in all of them (Table 3 and Fig. 3).Morphological characters of the three hybrids were compared with those of their parents (Table 4, Figs. 4, 5 & 6). C. colocynthis was dominant over C. vulgaris in stripe pattern of exocarp and taste and color of flesh. On the contrary, C. vulgaris was dominant over C. colocynthis in seed and exocarp color.Although C. No. 1 and C. No. 3 belong to the same species they differ in many morphological characters. C. No. 3 was dominant over C. No. 1 in color and stripe pattern of the exocarp. On the contrary, C. No. 1 was dominant over C. No. 3 in seed color.Leaves of the three hybrids are intermediate in shape between their parents. Seeds and fruits of the three hybrids are intermediate in size and weight between their parents.Female flowers of C. No. 3 were not produced until the end of August, however, two hybrids, C. No. 1×C. No. 3 and C. No. 3×V. No. 1 produced female flowers normally as early as the beginning of July.All hybrids showed hybrid vigor and were resistant to Fusarium wilt.
Simplified Optimal Trajectory Control (SOTC) for LLC Resonant Converters (2012)

In this paper, a simplified optimal trajectory control (SOTC) for the LLC resonant converter is proposed. During the steady state, a linear compensator such as proportional-integral or proportional-integral-derivative (PID) is used, controlling the switching frequency fs to eliminate the steady-state error. However, during load transients, the SOTC method takes over, immediately changing the pulse widths of the gate-driving signals. Using the state-plane analysis, the pulse widths are estimated, letting the state variables track the optimal trajectory locus in the minimum period of time. The proposed solution is implemented in a digital controller, and experimental results show that while the digital logic requirement is very small, the performance improvement is significant.
Flashback: A Peer-to-PeerWeb Server for Flash Crowds (2007)

We present Flashback, a ready-to-use system for scalably handling large unexpected traffic spikes on web-sites. Unlike previous systems, our approach does not rely on any intermediate nodes to cache content. Instead, the clients (browsers) create a dynamic, self-scaling peer-to-peer (P2P) Web-server that grows and shrinks according to the load. This approach translates into a challenging problem - a P2P data exchange protocol that can operate in churn rates where more than 90% of peers can leave the overlay in under 10 seconds. This is at least an order of magnitude higher churn rate than previously addressed research. Additionally, our system operates under two strict constraints - users are assured that they upload only as much as they download and second, end-user browsing experience is preserved, i.e., low latency downloads and zero configuration or download of any software. Various innovations were required to meet these challenges. Key among them are (a) A TCP-friendly, UDP protocol (Roulette) for tit-for-tat data exchange under extreme churn, (b) A novel data structure (NOIS) for partial-data management and (c) A distributed hole-punching protocol for automatic NAT traversal. Experimental results show the effectiveness and near optimal scaling of Flashback. For a Web-server (and clients) running on a DSL-like connection, end-user latency increases only one second for every doubling in Web-server load.
Robust detection and tracking of annotations for outdoor augmented reality browsing (2011)

A common goal of outdoor augmented reality (AR) is the presentation of annotations that are registered to anchor points in the real world. We present an enhanced approach for registering and tracking such anchor points, which is suitable for current generation mobile phones and can also successfully deal with the wide variety of viewing conditions encountered in real life outdoor use. The approach is based on on-the-fly generation of panoramic images by sweeping the camera over the scene. The panoramas are then used for stable orientation tracking, while the user is performing only rotational movements. This basic approach is improved by several new techniques for the re-detection and tracking of anchor points. For the re-detection, specifically after temporal variations, we first compute a panoramic image with extended dynamic range, which can better represent varying illumination conditions. The panorama is then searched for known anchor points, while orientation tracking continues uninterrupted. We then use information from an internal orientation sensor to prime an active search scheme for the anchor points, which improves matching results. Finally, global consistency is enhanced by statistical estimation of a global rotation that minimizes the overall position error of anchor points when transforming them from the source panorama in which they were created, to the current view represented by a new panorama. Once the anchor points are redetected, we track the user's movement using a novel 3-degree-of-freedom orientation tracking approach that combines vision tracking with the absolute orientation from inertial and magnetic sensors. We tested our system using an AR campus guide as an example application and provide detailed results for our approach using an off-the-shelf smartphone. Results show that the re-detection rate is improved by a factor of 2 compared to previous work and reaches almost 90% for a wide variety of test cases while still keeping the ability to run at interactive frame rates.
Differential Bacterial Colonization and Biofilm Formation on Punctal Occluders (2019)

Dry eye is a common condition that is treated primarily by topical lubricants, immunomodulation, and a variety of punctal and canalicular plugs (occluders). Biofilm formation has been reported as an ongoing problem with the clinical use of occluders. In order to explore the role of biofilm formation on occluders, we tested the bacteria strain, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, with three different types of occluders, Delta<sup>R</sup>, Odyssey<sup>R</sup>, and Alphamed<sup>R</sup>. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of these occluders revealed a variation in surface appearance, with Odyssey<sup>R</sup> being the smoothest (but with grooves), followed by Delta<sup>R</sup>, and Alphamed<sup>R</sup>. Exposing each type of occluder to dynamically grown bacterial cultures of <i>S. aureus</i>, a ~3 fold statistically significant difference in bacteria colonization between the Odyssey<sup>R</sup> and Alphamed<sup>R</sup> occluder and a ~2 fold higher trend between Odyssey<sup>R</sup> and Delta<sup>R</sup> were detected. These quantitative results were also verified with SEM, showing extensive <i>S. aureus</i> colonization and biofilm formation on the surface of the Odyssey<sup>R</sup> occluder. The results also indicate that bacterial colonization readily occurs on all three types of occluders. The occluder with the smoothest but grooved surface (Odyssey<sup>R</sup>), displayed increased biofilm formation when compared to those with rougher surfaces.
Caspases as therapeutic targets (2008)

The development of small molecules to modulate caspase activity offers a novel therapeutic strategy in the treatment of apoptosis-related and inflammatory diseases. Caspases are key mediators of apoptosis and inflammation; deregulation of their activation or expression can lead to the development of conditions such as neurodegenerative and autoinflammatory disorders. This review details the different caspase-associated disorders while focusing on caspase-1 inhibition as a potential therapeutic strategy. Problems facing the development of effective and safe caspase therapeutics will also be addressed.
Finite element modeling for fatigue strengthening of metallic riveted bridges using un-bonded pre-stressed CFRP plates (2013)

ABSTRACT: Many old riveted steel bridges remain operational and require retrofit to accommodate ever increasing demands. Complicating retrofit efforts, riveted steel bridges are often considered historical structures and as such structural modifications that affect the original construction are to be avoided. The presence of rivets along with preservation requirements often prevent the use of traditional retrofit methods, such as bonding of fiber reinforced composites, or the addition of supplementary steel elements. In this paper, an un-bonded post-tensioning retrofit method is numerically investigated using an existing riveted bridge geometry from Münchenstein, Switzerland. Pre-stressed un-bonded carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) plates will be considered for the strengthening elements. By using prestressed CFRP plates, a portion of the permanent loads (such as the dead-weight) will be transferred to the strengthening element. Fatigue critical regions of the bridge are identified, and the effects of the un-bonded post-tensioning method on strength and fatigue susceptibility are explored.
Integrin-Using Rotaviruses Bind α2β1 Integrin α2 I Domain via VP4 DGE Sequence and Recognize αXβ2 and αVβ3 by Using VP7 during Cell Entry (2003)

Integrins alpha2beta1, alphaXbeta2, and alphaVbeta3 have been implicated in rotavirus cell attachment and entry. The virus spike protein VP4 contains the alpha2beta1 ligand sequence DGE at amino acid positions 308 to 310, and the outer capsid protein VP7 contains the alphaXbeta2 ligand sequence GPR. To determine the viral proteins and sequences involved and to define the roles of alpha2beta1, alphaXbeta2, and alphaVbeta3, we analyzed the ability of rotaviruses and their reassortants to use these integrins for cell binding and infection and the effect of peptides DGEA and GPRP on these events. Many laboratory-adapted human, monkey, and bovine viruses used integrins, whereas all porcine viruses were integrin independent. The integrin-using rotavirus strains each interacted with all three integrins. Integrin usage related to VP4 serotype independently of sialic acid usage. Analysis of rotavirus reassortants and assays of virus binding and infectivity in integrin-transfected cells showed that VP4 bound alpha2beta1, and VP7 interacted with alphaXbeta2 and alphaVbeta3 at a postbinding stage. DGEA inhibited rotavirus binding to alpha2beta1 and infectivity, whereas GPRP binding to alphaXbeta2 inhibited infectivity but not binding. The truncated VP5* subunit of VP4, expressed as a glutathione S-transferase fusion protein, bound the expressed alpha2 I domain. Alanine mutagenesis of D308 and G309 in VP5* eliminated VP5* binding to the alpha2 I domain. In a novel process, integrin-using viruses bind the alpha2 I domain of alpha2beta1 via DGE in VP4 and interact with alphaXbeta2 (via GPR) and alphaVbeta3 by using VP7 to facilitate cell entry and infection.
Instrumentation and Methods to Combine Small-Animal PET With Other Imaging Modalities (2021)

Positron emission tomography (PET) has been proven to be a powerful tool for in vivo small-animal imaging. Using PET, it is possible to study the cellular and molecular bases of disease in its natural state and guide the discovery and development of new molecular-based treatments. Early PET systems were developed as standalone modalities, but, in recent years, it has become commonplace to combine PET with other modalities to acquire complementary information. This chapter reviews some early system designs as well as newer multimodal designs, describes methods for integrating the modalities through software and hardware, and presents potential benefits and drawbacks of certain designs imposed in the process of developing preclinical multimodal imaging systems.
Smart Multi-RAT Access Based on Multiagent Reinforcement Learning (2018)

The ongoing increasing traffic in the era of big data yields unprecedented demands in user experience and network capacity expansion. The users of next generation mobile networks (5 G) should be able to use 3GPP, IEEE, and other technologies simultaneously. The integration of multiple radio access technologies (RATs) of licensed or unlicensed bands has been widely deemed as a cost-efficient way to greatly increase the network capacity. In this paper, we propose a smart aggregated RAT access (SARA) strategy with aim of maximizing the long-term network throughput while meeting diverse traffic quality of service (QoS) requirements. We consider the scenario that users with different QoS requirements access to a heterogeneous network with coexisting cellular-WiFi. In order to maximize system throughput while meeting diverse traffic QoS requirements in such a complex and dynamic environment, we exploit multiagent reinforcement learning to perform RAT selection in conjunction with resource allocation for individual user access requests, through sensing dynamic channel states and traffic QoS requirements. In SARA, we first use Nash Q-learning to provide a set of feasible RAT selection strategies while decreasing the strategy space in learning process, and then employ Monte Carlo tree search (MCTS) based Q-learning to perform resource allocation. Numerical results reveal that the network throughput can be maximized while meeting various traffic QoS requirements with limited number of searches by using our proposed SARA algorithm. For bulk arrival access requests, a suboptimal solution can be obtained as high computational complexity is incurred for achieving global optimality. Another attractive feature of SARA is that a tradeoff between the solution optimality and learning time can be readily made by terminating the search of MCTS according to the time constraint. Compared with traditional WiFi offloading schemes, SARA can significantly improve network throughput while guaranteeing traffic QoS requirements.
Perinuclear Localization and Insulin Responsiveness of GLUT4 Requires Cytoskeletal Integrity in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes (2000)

The GLUT4 glucose transporter resides mostly in perinuclear membranes in unstimulated 3T3-L1 adipocytes and is acutely translocated to the cell surface in response to insulin. Using a novel method to purify intracellular GLUT4-enriched membranes, we identified by mass spectrometry the intermediate filament protein vimentin and the microtubule protein alpha-tubulin as components of these membranes. Immunoelectron microscopy of the GLUT4-containing membranes also revealed their association with these cytoskeletal proteins. Disruption of intermediate filaments and microtubules in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by microinjection of a vimentin-derived peptide of the helix initiation 1A domain caused marked dispersion of perinuclear GLUT4 to peripheral regions of the cells. Inhibition of the microtubule-based motor dynein by brief cytoplasmic acidification of cultured adipocytes also dispersed perinuclear GLUT4 and inhibited insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation to the cell surface. Insulin sensitivity was restored as GLUT4 was again concentrated near the nucleus upon recovery of cells in physiological buffer. These data suggest that GLUT4 trafficking to perinuclear membranes of cultured adipocytes is directed by dynein and is required for optimal GLUT4 regulation by insulin.
MOEGLICHKEITEN DER DECKENERNEUERUNG MIT DEM REPAVE-VERFAHREN (1977)

DIE BISHERIGEN VERFAHREN DER DECKENERNEUERUNG IM TIEF- UND HOCHEINBAU WERDEN KRITISCH BETRACHTET. EINE NEUE MOEGLICHKEIT BIETET DAS REPAVE-VERFAHREN. DIE ERSTEN REPAVE-STRECKEN IM BEREICH DES AUTOBAHNAMTES FRANKFURT HABEN SICH NACH ZWEIJAEHRIGER LIEGEFRIST BEWAEHRT. GRUNDGEDANKE DES VERFAHRENS IST DIE WIEDERVERWENDUNG DES ABGAENGIGEN MATERIALS. DIE HIERFUER NOTWENDIGE ERHITZUNG DARF NICHT ZUR VERKOKUNG DES BITUMINOESEN BINDEMITTELS FUEHREN. DAS AUFREISSEN WIRD BEI 80 BIS 100 GRAD CELSIUS AUSGEFUEHRT. DIE AUFREISSTIEFE VARIIERT ZWISCHEN 1,5 UND 3,5 CM. BEI DER NACHFOLGENDEN MATERIALVERTEILUNG WIRD NEUES MISCHGUT ZUGESETZT UND GEMEINSAM MIT DEM ALTEN DECKENMATERIAL BEI NOCH AUSREICHENDER WALZENTEMPERATUR VERDICHTET. FUER DIE ARBEITEN STEHEN ZUR ZEIT VIER GERAETE ZUR VERFUEGUNG: CUTLER REPAVER, WIRTGEN REPAVER, STRABAG REPAVER UND VOEGELE-ASPHALTDECKEN-REFORMER SUPER 17OO ARF. SIE UNTERSCHEIDEN SICH HINSICHTLICH HEIZFLAECHE, BEARBEITUNGSTEMPERATUR, AUFREISSERFORM, EINBAUBREITE, VORTRIEBSGESCHWINDIGKEIT UND BETRIEBSKOSTEN. ZUR ERNEUERUNG IST ASPHALTBETON IM ALLGEMEINEN GEEIGNET. GUSSASPHALT BEREITET NOCH SCHWIERIGKEITEN. DAS REPAVE-VERFAHREN IST WIRTSCHAFTLICH. FUER DIE VERTRAGLICHE ABWICKLUNG SIND NOCH FRAGEN DER GEWAEHRLEISTUNG, DER KONTROLLPRUEFUNGEN UND EBENHEITSANFORDERUNGEN ZU KLAEREN.
Promiscuous binding of extracellular peptides to cell surface class I MHC protein (2012)

Algorithms derived from measurements of short-peptide (8-10 mers) binding to class I MHC proteins suggest that the binding groove of a class I MHC protein, such as K(b), can bind well over 1 million different peptides with significant affinity (<500 nM), a level of ligand-binding promiscuity approaching the level of heat shock protein binding of unfolded proteins. MHC proteins can, nevertheless, discriminate between similar peptides and bind many of them with high (nanomolar) affinity. Some insights into this high-promiscuity/high-affinity behavior and its impact on immunodominant peptides in T-cell responses to some infections and vaccination are suggested by results obtained here from testing a model developed to predict the number of cell surface peptide-MHC complexes that form on cells exposed to extracellular (exogenous) peptides.
Efficient Backprojection-Based Synthetic Aperture Radar Computation with Many-Core Processors (2013)

Tackling computationally challenging problems with high efficiency often requires the combination of algorithmic innovation, advanced architecture, and thorough exploitation of parallelism. We demonstrate this synergy through synthetic aperture radar (SAR) via backprojection, an image reconstruction method that can require hundreds of TFLOPS. Computation cost is significantly reduced by our new algorithm of approximate strength reduction; data movement cost is economized by software locality optimizations facilitated by advanced architecture support; parallelism is fully harnessed in various patterns and granularities. We deliver over 35 billion backprojections per second throughput per compute node on an Intel® Xeon® processor E5-2670-based cluster, equipped with Intel® Xeon Phi™ coprocessors. This corresponds to processing a 3K×3K image within a second using a single node. Our study can be extended to other settings: backprojection is applicable elsewhere including medical imaging, approximate strength reduction is a general code transformation technique, and many-core processors are emerging as a solution to energy-efficient computing.
Person authentication using face, teeth and voice modalities for mobile device security (2010)

In this paper, we propose an enhanced multimodal personal authentication system for mobile device security. The proposed approach fuses information obtained from face, teeth and voice modalities to improve performance. To integrate three modalities, we employ various fusion techniques such as the weighted-summation rule, K-NN, Fisher and Gaussian classifiers, and we then evaluate the authentication performance of the proposed system. The performance is evaluated on a database consisting of 1000 biometric traits that correspond to the face, teeth and voice modalities of 50 persons, i.e., 20 biometric traits per individual, in which these biometric traits are simultaneously collected by a smart-phone device. The experiment results integrating the three modalities showed the error rates of 1.64%, 4.70%, 3.06% and 1.98% for the weighted-summation rule, K-NN, Fisher and Gaussian classifier, respectively, and that the weight-summation rule outperformed the other classification approaches. In contrast, the error rates regarding a single modality were 5.09%, 7.75% and 8.98% for face, teeth, and voice modalities, respectively. From these results, we confirmed that the proposed method achieved a significant performance improvement over the methods using a single modality, and the results showed that the proposed method was very effective through various fusion experiments.
Robust LC–MS/MS Methods for Analysis of Heparan Sulfate Levels in CSF and Brain for Application in Studies of MPS IIIA (2019)

<b>Aim:</b> Accumulation of heparan sulfate (HS) is associated with the neurodegenerative disorder Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA (MPS IIIA). Here, we compare HS levels in brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of MPS IIIA mice after treatment with a chemically modified sulfamidase (CM-rhSulfamidase). <b>Materials & methods:</b> Two LC-MS/MS methods were adapted from literature methodology, one to measure HS metabolites (HS<sub>met</sub>), the other to measure digests of HS after heparinase treatment (HS<sub>dig</sub>). <b>Results:</b> The HS<sub>met</sub> and HS<sub>dig</sub> methods showed similar relative reduction of HS in brain after CM-rhSulfamidase administration to MPS IIIA mice and the reduction was reflected also in CSF. <b>Conclusion:</b> The results of the two methods correlated and therefore the HS<sub>dig</sub> method can be used in clinical studies to determine HS levels in CSF from patients with MPS IIIA.
Plasma proteome of severe acute respiratory syndrome analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry (2004)

We have investigated the plasma proteome by using 2D gel electrophoresis and MS from patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). A complete proteomic analysis was performed on four patients with SARS in different time courses, and a total of 38 differential spots were selected for protein identification. Most of the proteins identified are acute phase proteins, and their presence represents the consequence of serial cascades initiated by SARS-coronavirus infection. There are several proteins that have never been identified in plasma before using 2D gel electrophoresis, among which peroxiredoxin II was chosen for further study by analyzing additional 20 plasma samples from patients with probable and suspected SARS and patients with fever, respectively. The results showed that the level of plasma peroxiredoxin II in patients with SARS is significantly high and could be secreted by T cells. Taken together, our findings indicate that active innate immune responses, along with the oxidation-associated injuries, may play a major role in the pathogenesis of SARS.