gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bridging the Gap Between General-Purpose and Domain-Specific Compilers with Synthesis (2015)

This paper describes a new approach to program optimization that allows general purpose code to benefit from the optimization power of domain-specific compilers. The key to this approach is a synthesis-based technique to raise the level of abstraction of general-purpose code to enable aggressive domain-specific optimizations. We have been implementing this approach in an extensible system called Herd. The system is designed around a collection of parameterized kernel translators. Each kernel translator is associated with a domain-specific compiler, and the role of each kernel translator is to scan the input code in search of code fragments that can be optimized by the domain-specific compiler embedded within each kernel translator. By leveraging general synthesis technology, it is possible to have a generic kernel translator that can be specialized by compiler developers for each domain-specific compiler, making it easy to build new domain knowledge into the overall system. We illustrate this new approach to build optimizing compilers in two different domains, and highlight research challenges that need to be addressed in order to achieve the ultimate vision.
MR imaging of the liver on multi-channel MR systems at 1.5 and 3Tesla – Initial experiences (2007)

Purpose: Due to the higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) MR imaging at 3Tesla (T) systems offers new perspectives; however, there are a number of challenges for abdominal MRI at 3T despite the obvious advantage of a higher SNR, including a fourfold higher specific absorption rate as well as the presence of dielectric artifacts. The objective of this study was to compare image quality and diagnostic accuracy of liver MRI with liver-specific contrast agents at 1.5T and 3T using multi-channel MR-systems.
Robust Vibration Control for Moving Wire (2002)

This paper presents a vibration control method for a wire with time-varying length such as an elevator cable and a crane wire. The characteristics of moving wire are varying with time. When the wire is approximately modeled with such a method as FEM, it is possible to cause a spillover due to the ignored high order modes. Therefore, the robustness for the variation of tension, spillover of high order modes and rapid change of disturbance is important and a robust nonstationary control method is proposed by applying nonstationary H-infinity control theory in this study. For the moving wire such as crane string and elevator cable, it is possible to reduce the vibration by using only a nonstationary robust controller for the case that the mass at the tip of wire changes its weight, that is, the tension of wire varies. The robust controller then is designed based on a lower order model of wire with the frequency weightings. As a result, in the numerical calculations we show the robustness and the usefulness of the robust controllers are shown.
Eigenvalues and eigenspaces for the twisted Dirac operator over 𝑆𝑈(𝑁,1) and 𝑆𝑝𝑖𝑛(2𝑁,1) (1994)

Let <italic>X</italic> be a symmetric space of noncompact type whose isometry group is either <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper S upper U left-parenthesis n comma 1 right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>S</mml:mi> <mml:mi>U</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">SU(n,1)</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> or <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper S p i n left-parenthesis 2 n comma 1 right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>S</mml:mi> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">Spin(2n,1)</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula>. Then the Dirac operator <bold>D</bold> is defined on <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper L squared"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{L^2}</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula>-sections of certain homogeneous vector bundles over <italic>X</italic>. Using representation theory we obtain explicitly the eigenvalues of <bold>D</bold> and describe the eigenspaces in terms of the discrete series.
Functionalized polyolefinic nonlinear optic chromophores incorporating the 1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene moiety as the electron-donating part (1998)

The synthesis of a series of push-pull systems [donor (D)–acceptor (A)], associating the 1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene moiety (D) to various (A) fragments through polyolefinic linkages of various lengths, is described. Design optimization of these NLO phores isvia systematic determination of the molecular first hyperpolarizabilities beta; by the EFISH method. Selected compounds of this series, displaying the highest beta; values, are then chemically functionalized in order to promote their covalent grafting to polymeric backbones.
Microarray Analysis of Defective Cartilage in Hoxc8- and Hoxd4-Transgenic Mice (2010)

Overexpression of Hoxc8 and Hoxd4 transcription factors alters transcriptional profiles in chondrocytes at E18.5. The differences in repertoires of altered gene expression between the 2 transgenic conditions suggest that the molecular mechanisms underlying the cartilage defects may be different in both transgenic paradigms, despite apparently similar phenotypes.
co.labore—A Genuine Collaboration between Arts and Science, Reflecting Viewpoints and Merging Skills (2017)

Often chemists regard their scientific work as creative, when designing and synthesizing new molecules and larger assemblies. In this, we have to go through recurring stages of planning projects, doubting results, discarding ideas, and restarting them with a different approach in order to be successful in chemical research. From this point of view, can we fairly assume that these processes are analogous to the stages artists go through when creating art? In our efforts to strengthen reflective perspectives on what chemists are doing, the SFB 858 initiated a collaboration with the Academy of Fine Arts Münster. Additionally, we were aiming to enter into a dialogue about our research with a broader public.
Modularity of 3D faces for gender and ancestry prediction (2015)

status: Published
A stealth adhesion factor contributes to Vibrio vulnificus pathogenicity: Flp pili play roles in host invasion, survival in the blood stream and resistance to complement activation (2019)

Abstract The tad operons encode the machinery required for adhesive Flp (fimbrial low-molecular-weight protein) pili biogenesis. Vibrio vulnificus , an opportunistic pathogen, harbors three distinct tad loci. Among them, only tad1 locus was highly upregulated in in vivo growing bacteria compared to in vitro culture condition. To understand the pathogenic roles of the three tad loci during infection, we constructed single, double and triple tad loci deletion mutants. Interestingly, only the Δtad123 triple mutant cells exhibited significantly decreased lethality in mice. Ultrastructural observations revealed short, thin filamentous projections disappeared on the Δtad123 mutant cells. Since the pilin was paradoxically non-immunogenic, a V5 tag was fused to Flp to visualize the pilin protein by using immunogold EM and immunofluorescence microscopy. The Δtad123 mutant cells showed attenuated host cell adhesion, delayed RtxA1 exotoxin secretion and subsequently impaired translocation across the intestinal epithelium compared to wild type, which could be partially complemented with each wild type operon. The Δtad123 mutant was susceptible to complement-mediated bacteriolysis, predominantly via the alternative pathway, suggesting stealth hiding role of the Tad pili. Taken together, all three tad loci cooperate to confer successful invasion of V. vulnificus into deeper tissue and evasion from host defense mechanisms, ultimately resulting in septicemia. Author Summary To understand the roles of the three Tad operons in the pathogenesis of V. vulnificus infection, we constructed mutant strain with single, double and triple Tad loci deletions. Employing a variety of mouse infection models coupled with molecular genetic analyses, we demonstrate here that all three Tad operons are required for V. vulnificus pathogenicity as the cryptic pili contribute to host cell and tissue invasion, survival in the blood, and resistance to complement activation.
Residual lens effects in 2D mode of auto-stereoscopic lenticular-based switchable 2D/3D displays (2006)

We discuss residual lens effects in multi-view switchable auto-stereoscopic lenticular-based 2D/3D displays. With the introduction of a switchable lenticular, it is possible to switch between a 2D mode and a 3D mode. The 2D mode displays conventional content, whereas the 3D mode provides the sensation of depth to the viewer. The uniformity of a display in the 2D mode is quantified by the quality parameter modulation depth. In order to reduce the modulation depth in the 2D mode, birefringent lens plates are investigated analytically and numerically, by ray tracing. We can conclude that the modulation depth in the 2D mode can be substantially decreased by using birefringent lens plates with a perfect index match between lens material and lens plate. Birefringent lens plates do not disturb the 3D performance of a switchable 2D/3D display.
Antibacterial Activity of the Non-Cytotoxic Peptide (p-BthTX-I)2 and Its Serum Degradation Product against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria (2017)

Antimicrobial peptides can be used systemically, however, their susceptibility to proteases is a major obstacle in peptide-based therapeutic development. In the present study, the serum stability of p-BthTX-I (KKYRYHLKPFCKK) and (p-BthTX-I)₂, a p-BthTX-I disulfide-linked dimer, were analyzed by mass spectrometry and analytical high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Antimicrobial activities were assessed by determining their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) using cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth. Furthermore, biofilm eradication and time-kill kinetics were performed. Our results showed that p-BthTX-I and (p-BthTX-I)₂ were completely degraded after 25 min. Mass spectrometry showed that the primary degradation product was a peptide that had lost four lysine residues on its C-terminus region (des-Lys<sup>12</sup>/Lys<sup>13</sup>-(p-BthTX-I)₂), which was stable after 24 h of incubation. The antibacterial activities of the peptides p-BthTX-I, (p-BthTX-I)₂, and des-Lys<sup>12</sup>/Lys<sup>13</sup>-(p-BthTX-I)₂ were evaluated against a variety of bacteria, including multidrug-resistant strains. Des-Lys<sup>12</sup>/Lys<sup>13</sup>-(p-BthTX-I)₂ and (p-BthTX-I)₂ degraded <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> biofilms. Additionally, both the peptides exhibited bactericidal activities against planktonic <i>S. epidermidis</i> in time-kill assays. The emergence of bacterial resistance to a variety of antibiotics used in clinics is the ultimate challenge for microbial infection control. Therefore, our results demonstrated that both peptides analyzed and the product of proteolysis obtained from (p-BthTX-I)₂ are promising prototypes as novel drugs to treat multidrug-resistant bacterial infections.
Pro-bone and Antifat Effects of Green Tea and Its Polyphenol, Epigallocatechin, in Rat Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Vitro (2011)

Green tea has been demonstrated recently as a potent bone supportive agent. Our previous studies showed that green tea and its polyphenolic constituents can promote bone-forming osteoblast activities and inhibit the bone-resorpting osteoclast formation. The objective of the present study was to investigate whether green tea and its components can regulate the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation in pluripotent rat mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The rat MSCs were isolated from the bone marrow of tibiae and femora. The cells were treated with decaffeinated green tea extract (GTE) and six tea polyphenols under osteogenic induction. The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities and matrix calcium (Ca) deposition were assessed after 7 and 14 days of treatment. Our results demonstrated that GTE could significantly increase ALP dose dependently in the concentrations without cytotoxicity (0-100 μg/mL). Among six tested tea polyphenols, epigallocatechin (EGC) was shown to be the most effective in promoting osteogenic differentiation. At 20 μM, EGC increased ALP levels and Ca deposition significantly by 2.3- and 1.7-fold, respectively, when compared with the control group. EGC also increased the mRNA expression of bone formation markers runt-related transcription factor 2, ALP, osteonectin, and osteopontin. Furthermore, EGC demonstrated its antiadipogenicity by decreasing the adipocyte formation and inhibiting the mRNA expression levels of the adipogenic markers peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, ccaat/enhancer-binding protein β, and fatty acid binding protein 4. In conclusion, this is the first report of the dual action of green tea polyphenol EGC in promoting osteogenesis and inhibiting adipocyte formation in MSCs. Our results provide scientific evidence to support the potential use of green tea in supporting the bone against degenerative diseases such as osteoporosis.
Growth factor actions on articular cartilage. (1995)

Polypeptide growth factors play a major role in the regulation of cell behavior, including that of articular chondrocytes. Among the most influential of these factors identified for articular cartilage are insulin like growth factor I (IGF-I), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta). IGF-I stimulates articular chondrocyte matrix synthetic and mitotic activity and inhibits chondrocyte mediated matrix catabolism. The role of bFGF as a potent mitogen for articular chondrocytes is well established. In contrast, this factor appears to play a complex role in matrix synthesis and degradation, promoting both anabolic and catabolic functions. Both IGF-I and bFGF have been shown to augment articular cartilage repair in vivo. TGF beta is particularly dependent upon the context in which it acts, eliciting seemingly opposite effects under different experimental conditions. These and other factors interact to modulate their respective actions, creating effector cascades and feedback loops of intercellular and intracellular events that control articular chondrocyte functions. Elucidation of the actions and interactions of these factors may be expected to clarify the etiopathogenesis of osteoarthritis and possibly offer novel methods for its treatment.
Improvement of Roller Bearing Fatigue Life by Surface Roughness Modification (1991)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In order to prolong rolling bearing fatigue life under mixed or boundary lubrication conditions, we have developed a specific smooth surface with small indentations by using the concept of micro EHL (elastohydrodynamic lubrication). These indentations or pits act as a carrier of lubricant from the inlet to the inside of the contact area. Therefore, lubrication performance of this surface is better than that of a superfinished surface.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;We have already demonstrated the ability of forming an oil film using this proposed surface. However, reliability of fatigue life for this surface was not sufficiently investigated. Therefore, we have conducted several rolling bearing fatigue life tests with this surface as compared to a superfinished surface. Lambda values of these tests were from 0.45 to 2.10. Results of these tests indicated that the life of the bearings containing rollers with this surface texture was between 2.0 to 13 times longer than that of normal bearings.&lt;/div&gt;
Ethnic and Adipose Depot Specific Associations Between DNA Methylation and Metabolic Risk (2020)

We show small, but significant global and <i>INSR</i> promoter DNA methylation differences in GSAT and ASAT of normal-weight and obese black and white South African women. DNA methylation in ASAT was associated with centralization of body fat in white women, whereas in black women DNA methylation in GSAT was associated with insulin resistance and systemic inflammation. Our findings suggest that GSAT rather than ASAT may be a determinant of metabolic risk in black women and provide novel evidence that altered DNA methylation within adipose depots may contribute to ethnic differences in body fat distribution and cardiometabolic risk.
MicroRNA in der Galle sind mit nicht-anastomotischen biliären Strikturen nach Lebertransplantation assoziiert (2013)

Einleitung: Biliäre Komplikationen nach Lebertransplantation (LTX) sind häufig Ursache für Morbidität und Transplantatversagen. Neben den Anastomosenstrikturen sind vor allem die nicht-anastomotischen Strikturen (oder auch Ischemic type biliary lesions (ITBL)) eine therapeutische Herausforderung. Die Pathophysiologie der ITBL bleibt unklar und frühzeitige diagnostische Marker sind derzeit nicht verfügbar. Die Analyse von MicroRNA (MiRNA) in der Galle zur Diagnostik von biliären Komplikationen wurde bisher nicht durchgeführt. Unter der Annahme, dass die Gallengangsstrikturen Marker direkt in die Galle sezernieren, war unser Ziel die Identifikation spezifischer MiRNA-Profile in der Galle bei Patienten mit biliären Komplikationen nach Lebertransplantation.
Method for Evaluating the Dependability of Factory Automation Systems in View of the Capability of Safety Devices (2000)

The important factors for dependability are safety and reliability. When dependability is evaluated, in view of safety along with the probability of an accident occurring, both the degree of accident damage and the capability of installed-safety devices should be included as items to be evaluated. To establish a barometer to quantitatively determine the dependability of a system, a study to standardize and rationalize the safety index is currently under way. However, to standardize the Tree Analysis for Safety (TAS) which is used to determine the safety index of a system, TAS has been unable to deal with the degree of damage occurring in accidents and has not been able to cope with a wide range of accidents in a consistent manner. For a TAS standard that can be applied to accidents, we propose that a mechanism, to select safety devices applicable in accordance with protection capabilities, be built into TAS by identifying the upper limit of the protection capability of safety devices by considering the potential amounts of hazard potential factors which greatly affect the degree of accident damage. We have applied this system to accidents during normal hours and to maintenance in Factory Automation systems, and have confirmed that this system could be used as an evaluation method.
Incorporating Foreign Equities in the Optimal Asset Allocation of an Insurer with the Consideration for Background Risks: Models and Numerical Illustrations (2005)

We analyzes the optimal asset allocation problem for life insurers that are required to cope with significant background risks originating from life insurance businesses among a set of stochastic investment opportunities including foreign equities. The insurer is assumed to maximize the expected discounted utility of its surplus over a time horizon, and the optimalization problem is formulated in a stochastic control framework. Our derivations show that the optimal portfolio can be characterized by three components: a risk-minimizing component, a risk aversion index coupled with the portfolios performance index, and the component reflecting the diffusions of state variables. Since the explicit solutions cannot be derived due to the complexity of the model, we employ Markov chain approximation methods to obtain the optimal control solutions numerically. The model and numerical methods are then applied to a hypothetical insurer in a simplified setting as an illustrative example.
A Refined Kinetic Analysis of Plasminogen Activation by Recombinant Bovine Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator Indicates Two Interconvertible Activator Forms (1998)

Bovine tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) was heterologously expressed in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris and characterized structurally and kinetically. The bovine single-chain tPA-mediated activation of bovine plasminogen was studied in the presence and absence of fibrinogen fragments. We have proposed a refined new method of kinetic analysis which allows examination of both stationary and prestationary phases of this process. The investigation revealed the presence of two interconvertible forms of the recombinant bovine tPA being in equilibrium at a 1 to 50 ratio. Only the minor form was able to bind and activate plasminogen. Saturation of the whole pool of tPA required high plasminogen concentration (Km >/= 5 microM) in order to reverse the equilibrium between the two forms. Fibrinogen fragments activated the single-chain tPA due to preferential binding and stabilization of the minor "active" form of the enzyme until all the molecules of tPA were converted. The same mechanism could be applied to human tPA as well. The Km values, obtained for recombinant bovine and human tPA in the presence of fibrinogen fragments, were found to be similar (Km = 0.1 microM) while kcat of human tPA was 5-10 times higher.
Investigating effects of different artefact types on motor imagery BCI (2015)

Artefacts in recordings of the electroencephalogram (EEG) are a common problem in Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs). Artefacts make it difficult to calibrate from training sessions, resulting in low test performance, or lead to artificially high performance when unintentionally used for BCI control. We investigate different artefacts' effects on motor-imagery based BCI relying on Common Spatial Patterns (CSP). Data stem from an 80-subject BCI study. We use the recently developed classifier IC_MARC to classify independent components of EEG data into neural and five classes of artefacts. We find that muscle, but not ocular, artefacts adversely affect BCI performance when all 119 EEG channels are used. Artefacts have little influence when using 48 centrally located EEG channels in a configuration previously found to be optimal.