gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of nutrient deprivation and differentiation on the expression of growth-arrest genes (gas and gadd) in F9 embryonal carcinoma cells (1998)

The growth-arrest genes (gas and gadd) are widely expressed during mammalian embryogenesis and may be useful as markers of nutritional stress in the embryo. F9 embryonal carcinoma cells have been used to characterize the effect of serum or amino acid deficiency on growth-arrest gene expression in a differentiating embryonic cell. The differentiation markers, homeobox B2 (HoxB2), collagen type IV and laminin B2, were not induced by growth arrest. Treatment with all-trans retinoic acid (RA) produced a dose-dependent increase in alkaline phosphatase activity, which was unchanged in lysine-deficient medium and reduced in low-serum medium. Low-serum medium also reduced HoxB2 expression. There was a transient 2-6-fold increase in mRNAs for C/EBP-beta, gadd153/CHOP-10 and gas5 genes 24 h after transfer to amino-acid-deficient media. The mRNAs for the gas2 and gas6 genes began to rise slowly by 5-10-fold after a delay of approx. 24 h. The transient increases did not occur in low-serum medium where there was a much smaller and slower increase. Differentiation caused 1-2-fold increases in gas2, gas3 and gas6 mRNA levels. The transient overexpression of gas5, gadd153/CHOP-10 and CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein-beta, and the later expression of gas6 mRNAs in response to amino acid deficiency, were not affected by differentiation. RA treatment increased the expression of gas3 and caused gas2 to be transiently overexpressed in amino-acid-deficient medium. Differentiation in serum-deficient medium did not significantly alter the levels of the growth-arrest gene mRNAs. These results show that in F9 cells the growth-arrest genes are expressed sequentially as a result of nutrient stress.
Progressive Compression of Normal Vectors (2006)

We present a method for compression of normal vectors that (1) is general, in the sense that it can be incorporated into many different progressive geometry compression schemes; (2) is progressive, and accommodates arbitrary view dependent refinement; and (3) gives compression ratios and rate-distortion performance superior to previous methods. Our method works by progressively refining a normal cone to one of eight possible sub-cones (including no refinement), and entropy encoding the choice. We experimentally demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach on both meshes and point clouds, in combination with two very different geometry progression methods.
Comparison Study Of Nonlinear Filters In Image Processing Applications (1989)

Nonlinear filters are used in many applications, including speech and image processing, owing to their ability to suppress noise and preserve signal features such as edges. This study presents a performance evaluation of non-linear filters derived from the robust point estimation theory. The first part of the work is a classification of various approaches to nonlinear filtering into three types of estimators according to the process of the filter. The second part is a computer implementation and evaluation of all of the filters discussed. Finally, a summary of experimental results is presented.
Effects of self-phase modulation (SPM) on femtosecond coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering spectroscopy (2019)

The effects of self-phase modulation (SPM) on the power spectra of femtosecond (fs) pulses and the consequent impact on N<sub>2</sub> chirped-probe-pulse (CPP) fs coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectra are discussed in this paper. We investigated the pressure dependence of CPP fs CARS for N<sub>2</sub> in a room-temperature gas cell at pressures ranging from 1 to 10 bar, and in our initial experiments the CPP fs CARS spectrum changed drastically as the pressure increased. We found that the spectra of the near-Fourier-transform-limited, 60-fs pump and Stokes pulses at the exit of the gas cell changed drastically as the pressure increased due to self-phase-modulation (SPM). This effect was examined in detail in further experiments where the pulse energies of the pump and Stokes pulses were controlled using a combination of a half-wave plate and a linear polarizer. Along with the generated CARS spectrum, the spectra of pump and Stokes pulses were measured at the entrance and exit of the gas cell. The extent of SPM effects for a particular spectrum was characterized by the least squares difference between that spectrum and a spectrum recorded at low enough pressure and laser intensities that SPM was negligible. SPM effects were investigated for N<sub>2</sub>, O<sub>2</sub>, CO<sub>2</sub>, and CH<sub>4</sub>, for pressures ranging from 1 to 10 bar, and for pump and Stokes pulse energies ranging from 10 to 60 µJ. We found that SPM effects in N<sub>2</sub> were much weaker than for O<sub>2</sub>, CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub>.
Erratum: Influence of a strong magnetic field on the tetragonal phase ofV3Si-type compounds (1974)

The caption of Fig. 2
A randomized phase II trial of a drug eluting bead in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma by transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (2009)

4523 Background: Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) has been shown to offer a survival benefit for patients with intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A widely accepted TACE regimen includes the administration of a doxorubicin-in-oil emulsion followed by gelatine sponge particles. Recently, a drug-eluting bead (DEB) has been developed to enhance drug delivery to the tumor and reduce its systemic availability. Purpose of this randomized trial was to compare conventional TACE with DEB-TACE for the treatment of intermediate-stage HCC in patients with cirrhosis. Methods: Two hundred and twelve patients (185 males and 27 females; mean age, 67 years) with Child-Pugh A or B liver cirrhosis and large and/or multinodular, unresectable HCC were randomized to receive DEB-TACE (DC Bead; Biocompatibles, UK) uploaded with doxorubicin or conventional TACE with doxorubicin, lipiodol, and gelatin sponge particles. Randomization was stratified according to Child Pugh status (A or B), performance status (ECOG 0 or 1), bilobar disease (yes or no) and prior curative treatment (yes or no). Tumor response at 6 months was the primary study endpoint. An independent, blinded review of magnetic resonance imaging studies was conducted to assess tumor response according to amended RECIST criteria. Results: DEB-TACE with doxorubicin showed a higher rate of complete response, objective response and disease control compared with conventional TACE (27% vs 22%; 52% vs 44%; and 63% vs 52%, respectively; p&gt;0.05). Patients with Child Pugh B, ECOG 1, bilobar disease and recurrence following curative treatment showed a significant increase in objective response (p=0.038) compared to the control. There was a marked reduction in serious liver toxicity in patients treated with DEB-TACE. The rate of doxorubicin related side effects was significantly lower (p=0.0001) in the DEB-TACE group compared with the conventional TACE group. Conclusions: DEB-TACE with doxorubicin is safe and effective in the treatment of intermediate-stage HCC and may offer benefit to patients with more advanced disease. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Research progress on sarcoidosis (2011)

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem inflammatory disease of unknown etiology and pathogenesis, pathologically characterized by noncaseating granulomas. But many new recognitions are acquired in recent years, especially on genetic and immunological factors. For example, the relationship between human leukocyte antigen HLA DRB1 gene polymorphism and pathogenesis, the effects of chemokines such as CCL15 on the development of this disease. Many new techniques are used for the diagnosis process to obtain pathologic result. The significance of lymphocyte count and CD4/CD8 ratio in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid is more definite in diagnosis and differential diagnosis, The corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents are still the first choice to treat the disease. But based on the adverse effect of corticosteroids and the new knowledge about etiology and pathogenesis, some new therapies, such as anti-tumor necrosis factor-α, have become new choices on treating rapid progressing and/or refractory sarcoidosis and achieved encouraging results. This article summaries the above progress.

Key words: 
Sarcoidosis ;  Pathogenesy;  Diagnosis;  Treatment
Experimental and Monte Carlo-simulated spectra of standard mammography-quality beams (2012)

According to our results, the mammography beams used in this work have energy spectra similar to clinical beams.
Orientational Behavior of Ionic Liquid Crystal Polymers and Their Nonionic Family (2009)

Multilayered Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films were prepared from the monolayers of an ionic liquid crystalline azo-polymer (IP-4) and a nonionic liquid crystalline azo-polymer (NP-4). The multilayer structures in the LB films were completely disturbed by UV light irradiation. However, the periodic layer orderings in the LB films were rebuilt upon a subsequent visible light irradiation. Although NP-4 exhibits a nematic phase in the bulk state at room temperature, the consequent double layered structure with a homeotropic alignment in the LB film of NP-4 was very similar to the smectic layered structures of IP-4.
Use of carbon nanostructures for hydrogen storage for environmentally safe automotive applications (2004)

Carbon nanostructures are considered materials with a high potential for hydrogen storage. CCVD technique was used to grown nanotubes with diameters ranging from 50 to 100 nm on a Ni:Cu catalyst and nanofibers with diameters ranging from 10 to 100 nm on a Pd/La/sub 2/O/sub 3/ catalyst. The hydrogen uptake experiments performed volumetrically in a Sievert-type installation, showed the quantity of desorbed hydrogen (for pressure intervals ranging from 1 to 100 bars) by the nanotubes was less than 1 % by weight. The hydrogen sorption capacities of the carbon nanofibers show saturation value of about 1.5 wt. % and to be in a good correlation with the Pd/C ratio, revealing a catalytic effect of Pd that supplies atomic H.
miR-451 inhibits cell proliferation in human hepatocellular carcinoma through direct suppression of IKK-β (2013)

It has been demonstrated that nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), which is overactivated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), plays important roles in the development of HCC. Recently, a group of dysregulated micro RNAs were reported to be involved in HCC progression. Further understanding of micro RNA-mediated regulation of NF-κB pathway may provide novel therapeutic targets for HCC. In this study, we found that miR-451 expression was markedly downregulated in HCC cells and tissues compared with immortalized normal liver epithelial cells and adjacent non- cancerous tissues, respectively. Upregulation of miR-451 inhibited, while downregulation of miR-451 promoted, the tumorigenicity of HCC cells both in vitro and in vivo. These changes in the properties of HCC cells were associated with deregulation of two well-known cellular G1/S transitional regulators, cyclin D1 and c-Myc, which are downstream targets of NF-κB pathway. Furthermore, we demonstrated that miR-451 upregulation led to downregulation of cyclin D1 and c-Myc through inhibition of NF-κB pathway initiated by direct targeting of the IKBKB 3'-untranslated region. Therefore, these results suggest that miR-451 downregulation plays an important role in promoting proliferation of HCC cells and may provide the basis for the development of novel anti-HCC therapies.
Preparation of positive photoreactive polyimides and their characterization (1987)

Polyimide precursors were synthesized from a diamine and a diacid chloride that was derived from the reactant with promellitic dianhydride and o-nitrobenzyl alcohol. Their thermal properties were studied in nitrogen using dynamic thermogravimetry, and the photoreaction mechanism was investigated by ultraviolet and infrared spectrophotometry. The polyimide precursors were spin-coated onto silicon wafers, prebaked, and then exposed to UV light from a high pressure Hg–Xe lamp. When the films were dipped into 2% aqueous KOH after irradiation, the exposed area dissolved forming high resolution patterns. Relative sensitivities of the polymers were determined.
Follow-up and Prospective Studies of the Classification of Liver Disease (1985)

Two hundred patients with different liver diseases were observed during a period of 6-8 years. The diagnosis at the first hospitalization was based on morphological criteria (and, in some cases, additional clinical information). In 162 of the cases an initial 'specific' diagnosis could be made. By the time of the follow-up study the diagnosis was confirmed in 73% of them. In 22 of 38 patients who were initially unclassifiable, the diagnosis was made definite by the follow-up study. Eighty-five patients were hospitalized for re-examination 6-8 years after the initial study. Several of the liver diseases initially had quite typical patterns of clinical chemical data. Allocation by discriminant analysis was therefore in good agreement with the morphological classification. The follow-up study showed that several patients with initially atypical patterns of clinical chemical results had their diagnosis changed. In 35 patients with the final diagnosis of chronic active hepatitis (CAH) or primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), laboratory data from the last hospitalization were used for discriminant analysis with teaching data from the initial study. Ninety-seven per cent were correctly allocated, and we conclude that these patients retain recognizable patterns of laboratory results for several years, even when given immunosuppressive treatment. The potential clinical usefulness of discriminant analysis of laboratory data for differential diagnosis was evaluated by a prospective study of 65 patients with the morphological diagnosis of CAH or PBC. Correspondence with the morphological classification system was found in almost 90% of the cases.
Low Ag-Doped Titanium Dioxide Nanosheet Films with Outstanding Antimicrobial Property (2010)

Novel Ag-doped TiO(2) perpendicular nanosheet films were synthesized by a mild solvothermal method. The width of TiO(2) nanosheets was facilely tuned by controlling reaction time, and furthermore the pattern of TiO(2) nanosheets was easily obtained via predesigned seed layer. The antibacterial effects of Ag-TiO(2) thin films against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were examined by film attachment method. The coating films showed excellent performance in killing bacteria under UV light. Moreover, the potent antimicrobial ability of the film was well-sustained even in the dark environment.
Rheological Images of Poly(vinyl chloride) Gels. 5. Effect of Molecular Weight Distribution (1998)

Three blends were prepared from a high molecular weight of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) (Mw = 173 000, Mw/Mn = 2.0) and a low molecular weight PVC (Mw = 39 400, Mw/Mn = 1.7). Dynamic viscoelastic properties of these PVC blends in bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DOP) were measured at 40 °C as a function of polymer concentration, and the effect of long chains on gelation has been studied. The scaling exponent n at the gel point was found to be constant (=0.75), independent of molecular weight and molecular weight distribution. The critical concentration cg for the sol−gel transition still followed the relation cg ∝ Mw-1, which was unchangeable with the molecular weight distribution and was also in good agreement with the previous results. As a result, cg was well expressed by a mixing rule, 1/cg = w1/cg1 + w2/cg2, where wi is the weight fraction of the component polymer i. The gel strength Sg at the gel point did not obey the relation Sg ∝ Mw-1, but scaled as Sg ∝ Mz-1 to show the effect of long chains on gelation. In the postgel state, the gel elasticity determined by the quasi-equilibrium modulus Ge still followed the scaling law, Ge ∝ εz, where ε is the relative distance to the gel point and z = 2.6 for the (PVC blend)/DOP samples, but the Ge values at the same ε were observed to be dominated by the long chains of PVC.
Virtual Euc1idean Point based Multicast routing scheme in Underwater Acoustic sensor networks (2011)

본 논문은 수중 센서 네트워크에서 효율적인 하향링크 멀티캐스트 데이터 전송기법을 제시하였다. 기존에 센서 네트워크에서 많은 멀티캐스트 전송 기법이 제안되었지만, 배터리를 지속적으로 공급받거나 충전시키기 어려운 환경에 있는 수중 센서 네트워크에 특화된 멀티캐스트 기법은 없었다. 본 논문에서는 이를 위하여 수중 센서 네트워크에서의 멀티캐스트 두 가지 특성을 파악하여 이를 알고리즘에 적용하였다. 싱크 노드에서 목적지 노드들의 위치 정보를 가공하여서 각도 정보를 추출하였고, 이렇게 추출한 목적지 노드들의 각도 정보를 바탕으로 가상의 유클리디언 스테이너 포인트를 이용한 최적의 멀티캐스트 전송 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 본 알고리즘은 저 계산 능력과 제한된 전송파워를 가지는 수중 센서 네트워크에서 구동하기에 알맞음을 시뮬레이션을 통하여 확인하였다. 제안한 방식은 기존의 방식들에 비하여 감소된 전송 전력과 감소된 라우팅 계산량을 보였다. Multicast has been a key routing service for efficient data dissemination in underwater acoustic sensor networks. In sensor networks, there are several multicast routing protocol which reflects sensor network nature. However, existing routing scheme was not targeted at underwater acoustic sensor networks which is hard to provide battery continually. Therefore, a specialized routing algorithm is essential for acoustic sensor networks. In this paper, we propose angle aided multicast routing algorithm for decreasing routing computation complexity, including virtual Euclidean Steiner point. Simulation results show better performance than exist routing Position Based Multicast, Geographic Multicast Routing. such as low computation capability and limited power consumption.
In Situ STM Investigation of Gold Reconstruction and of Silicon Electrodeposition on Au(111) in the Room Temperature Ionic Liquid 1-Butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium Bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (2006)

The electrodeposition of silicon on Au(111) was investigated by cyclic voltammety (CV) and by in situ scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) in the room temperature ionic liquid 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide with a SiCl(4) concentration of 0.1 mol/L. A main reduction process begins in the cyclic voltammogram at about -1800 mV versus ferrocene/ferrocinium, which is correlated to the electrodeposition of elemental semiconducting silicon. It has been found that at an electrode potential more negative than the open circuit potential (OCP), the Au(111) surface is subject to a restructuring/reconstruction both in the case of the pure ionic liquid and in the presence of SiCl(4). The first STM-probed silicon islands with 150-450 pm in height appear at about -1700 mV versus ferrocene/ferrocinium. Their lateral and vertical growth leads to the formation of a rough layer with silicon islands of up to 1 nm in height. At about -1800 mV the islands merge and form silicon agglomerates. In situ I/U tunneling spectroscopy reveals a band gap of 1.1 +/- 0.2 eV for layers of about 5 nm in height, a value that has to be expected for semiconducting silicon.
Proteomic and pathway analyses reveal a network of inflammatory genes associated with differences in skin tumor promotion susceptibility in DBA/2 and C57BL/6 mice (2012)

Genetic susceptibility to two-stage skin carcinogenesis is known to vary significantly among different stocks and strains of mice. In an effort to identify specific protein changes or altered signaling pathways associated with skin tumor promotion susceptibility, a proteomic approach was used to examine and identify proteins that were differentially expressed in epidermis between promotion-sensitive DBA/2 and promotion-resistant C57BL/6 mice following treatment with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). We identified 19 differentially expressed proteins of which 5 were the calcium-binding proteins annexin A1, parvalbumin α, S100A8, S100A9, and S100A11. Further analyses revealed that S100A8 and S100A9 protein levels were also similarly differentially upregulated in epidermis of DBA/2 versus C57BL/6 mice following topical treatment with two other skin tumor promoters, okadaic acid and chrysarobin. Pathway analysis of all 19 identified proteins from the present study suggested that these proteins were components of several networks that included inflammation-associated proteins known to be involved in skin tumor promotion (e.g. TNF-α, NFκB). Follow-up studies revealed that Tnf, Nfkb1, Il22, Il1b, Cxcl1, Cxcl2 and Cxcl5 mRNAs were highly expressed in epidermis of DBA/2 compared with C57BL/6 mice at 24h following treatment with TPA. Furthermore, NFκB (p65) was also highly activated at the same time point (as measured by phosphorylation at ser276) in epidermis of DBA/2 mice compared with C57BL/6 mice. Taken together, the present data suggest that differential expression of genes involved in inflammatory pathways in epidermis may play a key role in genetic differences in susceptibility to skin tumor promotion in DBA/2 and C57BL/6 mice.
Comparison of Extracapillary and Endocapillary Blood Flow Oxygenators for Open Heart Surgery in Dogs: Efficiency of Gas Exchange and Platelet Conservation. (2003)

The goal of the current study was to compare the efficiency of gas exchange and platelet conservation of a new extracapillary blood flow oxygenator versus an endocapillary blood flow oxygenator during open heart surgery with extracorporeal circulation in dogs. Dilation and remodeling of the right ventricular outflow tract of dogs was performed using a patch graft technique to simulate pulmonary stenosis. Sequential pre- and post-operative blood analysis revealed that gas exchange efficiency and platelet conservation was significantly greater with the extracapillary blood flow oxygenator than with the endocapillary blood flow oxygenator. However, the priming volume of the extracapillary blood flow oxygenator was significantly greater, leading to hemodilution. We conclude that while the extracapillary blood flow oxygenator provided benefits in terms of gas exchange and platelet conservation, development of a smaller extracapillary blood flow type oxygenator to reduce hemodilution effects would be beneficial.
Advanced coding techniques: theory and practice (2005)

In this paper, we compare performance of three classes of forward error correction schemes for 40 Gb/s optical transmission systems. The first class is based on the concatenation of RS codes and this is employed in state-of-the-art fiber-optics communication systems. The second class of codes is the turbo product codes with BCH component codes. The application of these codes in optical communication systems was extensively studied by Sab <i>et al</i>., and Mizuochi <i>et al</i>., and they are being considered for the next generation of long-haul systems. The third class of codes is the low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes that have gained great significance over the past decade. Structured binary LDPC codes, nonbinary LDPC codes, and generalized LDPC codes are considered in this paper. A sophisticated simulator that models all major transmission impairments is used to assess the performance of the error correction schemes. The simulation results show that LDPC codes outperform significantly two other classes of codes.