gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
1A1-H04 Autonomous Navigation of Hydraulically Actuated Hexapod Robot COMET-IV : The 1st Report: Outdoor Trajectory Tracking Control by using GPS (2008)

This paper is relation to way points tracking on uneven terrain of the Hexapod robot COMET-IV which is 2.5 meters long, 3.3 meters wide, 2.8 meters high and approximately two thousand kilograms. Recently, many autonomous robots have been developing to be helpful for people in the world. The autonomous robot which moves outdoors must have the good trajectory tracking control. But, it is not easy for COMET-IV to achieve the good trajectory following performance because of a soil deformation, a foot slippage due to the heavy robot and big size. This time, we apply a way point tracking control to the COMET-IV for an autonomous robot.
Droplet Breakup in Flow Past an Obstacle: A Capillary Instability Due to Permeability Variations (2010)

\n In multiphase flow in confined geometries an elementary event concerns the interaction of a droplet with an obstacle. As a model of this configuration we study the collision of a droplet with a circular post that spans a significant fraction of the cross-section of a microfluidic channel. We demonstrate that there exist conditions for which a drop moves completely around the obstacle without breaking, while for the same geometry but higher speeds the drop breaks. Therefore, we identify a critical value of the capillary number above which a drop will break. We explain the results with a one-dimensional model characterizing the flow in the narrow gaps on either side of the obstacle, which identifies a surface-tension–driven instability associated with a variation in the permeability in the flow direction. The model captures the major features of the experimental observations.\n
Clinical Implications of N-(2-Hydroxypropyl)Methacrylamide Copolymers (2003)

Different anticancer drugs, farmorubicin, doxorubicin, paclitaxel and cis-platin have been conjugated through a Gly-Phe-Leu-Gly tetrapeptide side chain to a water-soluble synthetic polymeric carrier based on N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacryalmide (HPMA) non-targeted or targeted with galactosamine and/or human IVIg and used in Phase I clinical trials. Conjugation of the drugs to the polymeric carrier that is non-toxic and non-immunogenic in man significantly decreased their non-specific organ toxicities and increased maximum tolerated dose up to 5 times. Macromolecular therapeutics based on HPMA have radically different pharmacokinetics. Drugs are not released from their polymeric carrier and remain in the peripheral blood and urine of patients mostly in their polymer-bound form. A clinical response against some refractory cancers was recorded in Phase I clinical trials. It was also demonstrated that doxorubicin-HPMA copolymer conjugates containing an immunoglobulin moiety have both cytostatic and immunomobilizing activity.
Can ATP be measured in soils treated with industrial oily waste? (2003)

Abstract Soil samples were collected from a field with a long‐term (10 yr) oily wastewater application history, containing 70 mg g –1 of oil and grease and an accumulation of heavy metals, and also from a short‐term (1 yr) wastewater application involving different rates of waste, tillage, and nitrogen (N) fertilization. Prior to ATP extraction, the soils were incubated at 22 °C and a water potential of –60 kPa for 21 d and 2 d for the long‐ and short‐term trials, respectively. The light emitted from the bioluminescence reaction was partly quenched in the extract of steam‐sterilized long‐term waste‐treated soil, and curvilinearly responded to the addition of ATP at concentrations higher than 4 ng ATP per assay in contrast to the linear response from the pure extractant and the extract of control soil. Calibration curves developed from the extracts of steam‐sterilized soils were used for calculating ATP in that given soil. ATP determined in the long‐term treated soil was as high as 3201 ng (g soil) –1 . Still, residual oil to ATP concentration ratio was about an order of magnitude higher in the long‐ than in the short‐term waste‐treated soil, reflecting the accumulation of recalcitrant material. In the short‐term treated soils, ATP ranged from 355 to 760 ng (g soil) –1 and responded to the rate of waste application, tillage, and fertilization. The use of ATP measurement has potential for assessing land management effects and developing tillage and fertilization recommendations for enhanced biodegradation of the oil waste.
Glycaemic instability is an underestimated problem in Type II diabetes (2006)

The aim of the present study was to assess the level of glycaemic control by the measurement of 24 h blood glucose profiles and standard blood analyses under identical nutritional and physical activity conditions in patients with Type II diabetes and healthy normoglycaemic controls. A total of 11 male patients with Type II diabetes and 11 healthy matched controls participated in a 24 h CGMS (continuous subcutaneous glucose-monitoring system) assessment trial under strictly standardized dietary and physical activity conditions. In addition, fasting plasma glucose, insulin and HbA(1c) (glycated haemoglobin) concentrations were measured, and an OGTT (oral glucose tolerance test) was performed to calculate indices of whole-body insulin sensitivity, oral glucose tolerance and/or glycaemic control. In the healthy control group, hyperglycaemia (blood glucose concentration >10 mmol/l) was hardly present (2+/-1% or 0.4+/-0.2/24 h). However, in the patients with Type II diabetes, hyperglycaemia was experienced for as much as 55+/-7% of the time (13+/-2 h over 24 h) while using the same standardized diet. Breakfast-related hyperglycaemia contributed most (46+/-7%; P<0.01 as determined by ANOVA) to the total amount of hyperglycaemia and postprandial glycaemic instability. In the diabetes patients, blood HbA(1c) content correlated well with the duration of hyperglycaemia and the postprandial glucose responses (P<0.05). In conclusion, CGMS determinations show that standard measurements of glycaemic control underestimate the amount of hyperglycaemia prevalent during real-life conditions in Type II diabetes. Given the macro- and micro-vascular damage caused by postprandial hyperglycaemia, CGMS provides an excellent tool to evaluate alternative therapeutic strategies to reduce hyperglycaemic blood glucose excursions.
Calculation of the Field-intensity Pattern in Optical Planar Waveguide by the Finite-differences Time-domain Method (1999)

Article Calculation of the Field-intensity Pattern in Optical Planar Waveguide by the Finite-differences Time-domain Method was published on December 1, 1999 in the journal Journal of Optical Communications (volume 20, issue 6).
SLC38A6 expression in macrophages exacerbates pulmonary inflammation (2023)

Pulmonary inflammation involves complex changes of the immune cells, in which macrophages play important roles and their function might be influenced by metabolism. Slc38a6 acts as a carrier of nutrient for macrophages (Mφ) to exert the function. In this study, pneumonia patient blood was found up-regulated SLC38A6 expression, which correlated with monocytes number and white blood cell number. The similar result was also shown in LPS induced sepsis mice. To reveal the key role of Slc38a6, we used systemic and conditional knock-out mice. Either systemic or Lyz<sup>CRE</sup> specific knock-out could alleviate the severity of sepsis mice, reduce the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α and IL-1β expression in serum and decrease the monocytes number in bronchial alveolar lavage and peritoneal lavage via flow cytometry. In order to reveal the signal of up-regulated Slc38a6, the Tlr4 signal inhibitor TAK242 and TLR4 knock-out mice were used. By blocking Tlr4 signal in macrophages via TAK242, the expression of Slc38a6 was down-regulated synchronously, and the same results were also found in Tlr4 knock-out macrophages. However, in the overexpressed Slc38a6 macrophages, blocking Tlr4 signal via TAK242, 20% of the mRNA expression of IL-1β still could be expressed, indicating that up-regulated Slc38a6 participates in IL-1β expression process. Collectively, it is the first time showed that an amino acid transporter SLC38A6 up-regulated in monocytes/macrophages promotes activation in pulmonary inflammation. SLC38A6 might be a promising target molecule for pulmonary inflammation treatment.
Experimental approaches to sudy PPARgamma agonists as antidiabeticdrugs (2002)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors that are related to retinoid, steroid and thyroid hormone receptors. Since PPARs appear to be closely involved in the regulation of dietary fat storage and catabolism, they have been established as an important target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and other disorders associated with the high intake of dietary fat. Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) were the first class of compounds to be identified as PPAR gamma-ligands, constituting a new class of antidiabetic drugs that have recently been introduced as therapeutic agents for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus by acting as insulin sensitizers. These compounds improve insulin resistance by increasing cell sensitivity to insulin. In fact, PPAR gamma agonists increase peripheral insulin sensitivity by increasing the transcription of genes, which, in turn, increase glucose uptake, also improving insulin-stimulated glucose disposal in muscle. PPAR gamma agonists increase insulin signaling, reduce circulating levels of free fatty acids and stimulate adipocyte differentiation, thus favoring the formation of smaller, more insulin-sensitive adipocytes. TZDs have been proven effective in different experimental models to evaluate their effectiveness as an antidiabetic agent, and the involvement of PPAR gamma in the pharmacological effects of these compounds has been supported by studies showing an excellent correlation between the hypoglycemic action of these drugs and their affinity for PPAR gamma. Despite this evidence, the site of action and the molecular mechanism of TZDs remain unclear. The aim of the present article was to review and discuss the most relevant pharmacological studies performed in the search for establishing the mechanism of action of antidiabetic TZDs and related compounds acting as PPAR gamma agonists, as well as to summarize those representative experimental approaches currently used to evaluate PPAR gamma agonists as therapeutic agents for the treatment of insulin-resistant type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Africanized honey bees are efficient at detecting, uncapping and removing dead brood (2009)

The hygienic behavior of honey bees is based on a two-step process, including uncapping and removing diseased, dead, damaged, or parasitized brood inside the cell. We evaluated during periods of 1 h the time that hygienic and non-hygienic colonies of Africanized honey bees spend to detect, uncap and remove pin-killed brood using comb inserts with transparent walls placed in observation hives. We observed that hygienic colonies are significantly faster in detecting, uncapping and removing dead brood in the cells (P < 0.001).
Regulation and function of spinal and peripheral neuronal B1 bradykinin receptors in inflammatory mechanical hyperalgesia (2003)

Activation of either B1 or B2 bradykinin receptors by kinins released from damaged tissues contributes to the development and maintenance of inflammatory hyperalgesia. Whereas B2 agonists activate sensory neurones directly, B1 agonists were thought only to have indirect actions on sensory neurones. The recent discovery of constitutive B1 receptor expression in the rat nervous system lead us to re-investigate the role of neuronal B1 receptors in inflammatory hyperalgesia. Therefore we have examined B1 bradykinin receptor regulation in rat dorsal root ganglia in a model of inflammatory hyperalgesia, and correlated it with hyperalgesic behaviour. Twenty-four hours after injection of Freund's complete adjuvant into one hindpaw, there was a significant increase in B1 protein expression (measured by immunohistochemistry) in both ipsilateral and contralateral dorsal root ganglion neurones, whereas axotomy resulted in reduction of B1 protein in ipsilateral dorsal root ganglia. In behavioural experiments, the B1 antagonist desArg10HOE140, administered by either intrathecal or systemic routes, attenuated Freund's complete adjuvant-induced mechanical hyperalgesia in the inflamed paw, but did not affect mechanical allodynia. The B1 agonist, desArg9BK, did not affect paw withdrawal thresholds in nai;ve rats following intraplantar administration into the paw, whilst intrathecal administration elicited mechanical hyperalgesia. However, after Freund's complete adjuvant-induced inflammation, desArg9BK caused a marked mechanical hyperalgesia, by either route, of the contralateral, uninflamed hindpaw, correlating with the observed contralateral and ipsilateral increases in receptor levels. Our results suggest a functional role for B1 receptors expressed both in the periphery and in the spinal cord, in mechanical hyperalgesia during inflammation.
Mixed Waste Salt Encapsulation Using Polysiloxane - Final Report (1997)

A proof-of-concept experimental study was performed to investigate the use of Orbit Technologies polysiloxane grouting material for encapsulation of U.S. Department of Energy mixed waste salts leading to a final waste form for disposal. Evaporator pond salt residues and other salt-like material contaminated with both radioactive isotopes and hazardous components are ubiquitous in the DOE complex and may exceed 250,000,000 kg of material. Current treatment involves mixing low waste percentages (less than 10% by mass salt) with cement or costly thermal treatment followed by cementation to the ash residue. The proposed technology involves simple mixing of the granular salt material (with relatively high waste loadings-greater than 50%) in a polysiloxane-based system that polymerizes to form a silicon-based polymer material. This study involved a mixing study to determine optimum waste loadings and compressive strengths of the resultant monoliths. Following the mixing study, durability testing was performed on promising waste forms. Leaching studies including the accelerated leach test and the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure were also performed on a high nitrate salt waste form. In addition to this testing, the waste form was examined by scanning electron microscope. Preliminary cost estimates for applying this technology to the DOE complex mixed waste salt problem is also given.
Control of allosteric electrochemical protein switch using magnetic signals (2020)

We report a novel approach for magneto-controlled activation of an artificial electro-enzymatic cascade. The input signal triggers release of a caged ligand peptide, its proteolytic processing and activation of an artificial allosteric enzyme based on PQQ-dependent glucose dehydrogenase. The developed cascade was used to assemble a magneto-controlled biofuel cell.
Do we need to demonstrate amyloid in tissue for hereditary ATTR amyloidosis ? (2015)

Amyloidosis is by definition deposition of aggregates of proteins in a characteristic β-pleated sheet fibrillar conformation. Amyloid is recognized by its histological appearance particularly after some specific stainings among which Congo red most commonly is used. A green birefringence is the hallmark of all kinds of amyloid. There is a number of emerging diagnostic techniques based on labelling with antibodies, other proteins and some other ligands that are at least to some degree specific for amyloid and may be used for in vivo detection of amyloid. With some exceptions, such techniques are still not sensitive enough to detect small deposits. Biopsy stained with Congo red and examined in a polarization microscope is necessary presently.

Hereditary ATTR amyloidosis constitutes a heterogeneous disease group with varying organ consequences, not only from peripheral nerves and heart. Amyloid staining properties vary and Congo red affinity and birefringence may be very weak, particularly in amyloid consisting of TTR fragments which is common (1). Therefore is amyloid sometimes difficult to recognize also in biopsies.

Given the varying clinical manifestation of ATTR amyloidosis it is my opinion that a histological proof should be obtained if possible. There may be exceptions sometimes depending on local conditions. In endemic areas with one specific TTR mutation, high penetrance and a relative monomorphous presentation of ATTR amyloidosis, diagnosis may sometimes be safe without a histological proof. This may be the case in some areas of Portugal. In most parts of the world, however, cases of systemic amyloidosis are usually scattered and a histological proof should be recommended.

The site of biopsy may be discussed. We perform subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies (surgical or by punch technique) with good results. Fine needle biopsy is not recommended since with this technique very little connective tissue is obtained, which is the site of ATTR amyloid containing TTR fragments (2). In other centers, labial salivary gland biopsies are preferred. Gastrointestinal tract is another option. A substantial advantage with biopsy techniques is that the biochemical type can be determined directly.

A question to discuss is whether indirect techniques such as DPD scintigraphy, SAP scintigraphy or PET with various ligands are safe enough for a definite amyloid diagnosis. Also alternatives to Congo red are under development but not yet validated enough for clinical use.
A fully printed passive chipless RFID tag for low-cost mass production (2014)

In this paper a 3 bit chipless RFID tag able to be printed using mass production techniques is introduced. The structure proposed is based on dipole like structures and three of such dipoles conforms a tag. Several chipless RFID tag prototypes were fabricated on PET substrate and measured within the frequency band from 2 GHz to 5 GHz. In contrast to the already reported printed tags where inkjet printing is used, the proposed tag is fabricated using screen printing techniques which enable fast mass production of tags in a very short time with thick conductive tracks of ~10 um. A good agreement between simulation and measurement was obtained and a reading distance up to 1 m is obtained with a transmission power of 3 dBm. The obtained results confirm the use of low cost printed tags for mass market applications.
Integration of a novel real-time PCR detection system onto Luminex beads in a PCR reaction. (2009)

1 Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.2 Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.3 BioChip Innovations Pty. Ltd., Suite 4, 1407 Logan Rd, Mt Gravatt, Qld 4122, Australia. jferos@fmcaccounting.com.au ; rossbarnard@uq.edu.au
Research on Intelligent Paper Composition Based on Improved Multi-Population Genetic Algorithm (2018)

Concerning intelligent paper composition, the article puts forward an improved genetic algorithm (GA) based on the multi-population division. According to the ideas of population division, the genes of individuals in the population which control the same characters are further divided into the same sub population so that they can be performed by the genetic operators. In order to avoid the local optimum, the optimal solution of each sub population is selected to be recombined global optimum. Compared with the simple genetic algorithm (SGA), this algorithm significantly reduces the search space of the problem solution and accelerates convergence speed. Finally, the algorithm is verified in the problem of intelligent paper composition and the results indicate that the algorithm has obviously improved the quality of the intelligent paper composition compared with the SGA.
Zinc Chloride as an Efficient Catalyst for Chemoselective Dimethyl Acetalization (2009)

Abstract Commercially available anhydrous zinc chloride has been found to be a highly efficient catalyst for dimethyl acetalization in high yields by treatment of aldehydes and ketones with trimethyl orthoformate in methanol-cyclohexane at reflux temperature.
Privacy and the Varieties of Informational Wrongdoing (2017)

The privacy issue lies at the heart of an ongoing debate in nearly all Western democracies between liberalists and communitarians over the question how to balance individual rights and collective goods. Communitarians typically argue that the community benefits significandy from having knowledge about its members available. According to communitarians, modern Western democracies are in a deplorable condition, and unquenchable thirst for privacy serves as its epitome. Information technology's applications – panoptic technologies, as Oscar Gandy and Jeffrey Reiman call them – ranging from active badges, intelligent vehicle highway systems (IVHS), closed circuit television (CCTV) to database mining techniques, encourage government agencies, public administrators and business firms to pursue the communitarian dream of perfect free-riderlessness. Information-based harm, informational inequality and informational injustice are the three types of moral reasons to protect personal data for both liberalists and communitarians. They are framed in moral terms which should be acceptable to both liberalists and communitarians.
Revision of Outcome and Mechanism of a New Multicomponent Reaction (2005)

[reaction: see text] A recently reported multicomponent reaction (MCR) produces pyrido[1,2-a]pyrazines and not the previously described 1H-imidazol-4-yl-pyridines. This different structure is proposed on the basis of a new mechanism of formation and the spectroscopic data.
Pushing the Limits of Electron and Photon Interactions With Matter [Guest Editorial] (2019)

The articles in this special section focus on man-made nanostructures. Includes the following topics: the significance of advanced simulation tools as we face scaling challenges in electronics; 3D integrated photonics; and reducing the footprint and energy consumption of future 3D integrated microsystems through the use of thin-film lithium niobate technology in hybrid waveguide silicon photonics designs.