gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Unraveling the role of photons and electrons upon their chemical interaction with photoresist during EUV exposure (2018)

The interaction of 91.6 eV EUV photons with photoresist – in particular chemically amplified resist (CAR) – is different than exposure at 193 nm and 248 nm wavelengths. The latter is understood well and it is known that photons interact with electrons in the resist’s molecular valence orbitals (for chemically amplified resist (CAR) the photon interacts with the photo acid generator (PAG), which leads to a deprotection reaction on a polymer after a thermal catalytic reaction during a post-exposure-bake.). At EUV however, more steps are involved in the radiolysis process between the absorption of the photon and the final chemical modification. These are related to the generation of primary electrons and their decay to lower energy secondary electrons, and most of this steps are not well understood. In this paper, the reaction products from EUV and low energy electron exposure are examined using Residual Gas Analysis (RGA), which measures and analyzes the outgassing products related to the ongoing reactions. This investigation is applied firstly on a model CAR where details of the resist chemical constituents were known prior to testing. The measurement not only resolved information on the expected acid related reactions from the PAG and protection groups, but also exhibited direct scission reactions of the polymer, where some of them lead to polymerization reactions. Moreover, the measurement quantifies the balance between the different ongoing reactions, which were confirmed by contrast curve measurements. Based on learnings on the model resist, applied the measurement technique to commercial resists, where actual resist chemistry composition is not known. Despite that, it was found that information could be deduced to distinguish between acid related ongoing reactions and direct scission of reaction on the base polymer and quantify their relation. Moreover, different generations of commercial resists based on similar chemistry platform were investigated, which revealed that improvements in printing performance could be explained by PAG reaction yield increase.
CMOS-Compatible Optical Phased Arrays with Monolithically-Integrated Erbium Lasers (2018)

An electronically-steerable integrated optical phased array powered by an on-chip erbium-doped laser is experimentally demonstrated. This system represents the first demonstration of a rare-earth-doped laser monolithically integrated with an active CMOS-compatible silicon photonics system.
Abstract 16516: Timing of Staged Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Prior to Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: Outcome Implications (2014)

Background: Significant coronary artery disease (CAD) is highly prevalent among patients with severe aortic stenosis referred for transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Timing of staged percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in TAVI candidates remains debated. Objective: To assess the impact of staged PCI short- and long-term before TAVI on the outcomes of TAVI. Methods: A total of 96 patients (mean age 81±5 years, 57.3% men) who had undergone staged PCI within 1 year before TAVI were included. The decision to perform staged PCI was based on the extent of myocardial tissue at risk and technical complexity while PCI timing was based on patient’s clinical status and logistical issues. The population was dichotomized according to the median number of days elapsed between PCI and TAVI. All in-hospital events and 30-day outcomes after TAVI were defined according to the Valve Academic Research Consortium-2. Results: The median number of days elapsed between PCI and TAVI was 29 [9-81]. Forty-eight patients underwent PCI >29 days before TAVI while the remaining 48 patients underwent PCI ≤29 days. Except lower haemoglobin levels at TAVI admission (7.2±0.9 mmol/L vs. 7.9±0.9 mmol/L, p=0.002) and a higher frequency of atrial fibrillation (27.1% vs. 12.5%, p=0.018), the group of patients treated with PCI ≤29 days was comparable with the group >29 days. Minor vascular injury and minor bleedings were more frequently recorded among those treated with staged PCI ≤29days before TAVI (Table) as compared with their counterparts. There were no differences in the incidence of other events (Table). Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrated a 2-year survival of 74.8% and 76.8% (p=0.36) for patients treated with staged PCI ≤29days and >29days. Conclusions: Early (≤29 days) or remote (>29 days) staged PCI before TAVI results in comparable outcomes with the exception of minor vascular injury and minor bleeding events which were more frequently observed in patients treated with early staged PCI.
The novel proangiogenic effect of hydrogen sulfide is dependent on Akt phosphorylation (2007)

The present study reports a novel proangiogenic role of H(2)S which is dependent on activation of Akt.
Contrast Material Extravasation on Contrast-Enhanced Helical Computed Tomographic Scan of Blunt Abdominal Trauma: Its Significance on the Choice, Time, and Outcome of Treatment (2003)

Termination of observational therapy was appropriate for trauma patients who had CME and systolic blood pressure < 100 mm Hg. The coexistence of a flat inferior vena cava and CME was associated with early intervention treatment. Despite early intervention, the mortality rate was 18.8%. High ISS and multiple abdominal injuries were important factors, but the risk of dying from uncontained extraperitoneal CME was 82 times the risk of dying from intraperitoneal CME.
In silico feasibility assessment of extracorporeal delivery of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound to intervertebral discs within the lumbar spine (2020)

Low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) may have utility for non-invasive treatment of discogenic lower back pain through stimulating, remodeling and accelerating healing of injured or degenerated intervertebral disc (IVD) tissues. This study investigates the feasibility of delivering LIPUS to lumbar IVDs between L2 and S1 spine vertebra using a planar extracorporeal phased array (8 × 8 cm, 1024 elements, 500 kHz). Three 3D anatomical models with heterogenous tissues were generated from patient CT image sets and used in the simulation-based analysis. Time-reversal acoustic modeling techniques were applied to optimize posterior-lateral placement of the array with respect to the body to facilitate energy deposition in discrete target regions spanning the annulus fibrosus and central nucleus of each IVD. Forward acoustic and biothermal simulations were performed with time-reversal optimized array placements and driving amplitude/phase settings to predict LIPUS intensity distributions at target sites and to investigate off-target energy deposition and heating potential. Simulation results demonstrate focal intensity gain of 5-168 across all IVD targets and anatomical models, with greater average intensity gain (>50) and energy localization in posterior, posterolateral, and lateral target sites of IVDs. Localized LIPUS delivery was enhanced in thinner patient anatomies and in the high lumbar levels (L2-L3 and L3-L4). Multiple amplitude/phasing illumination patterns could be sequenced at a fixed array position for larger regional energy coverage in the IVD. Biothermal simulations demonstrated that LIPUS-appropriate exposures of 100 mW cm<sup>-2</sup> I<sub>SPTA</sub> to the target disc region would result in <1 °C global peak temperature elevation for all cases. Hence, simulations suggest that spatially-precise extracorporeal delivery of therapeutically relevant LIPUS doses to discrete regions of lumbar IVDs is feasible and may be useful in clinical management of discogenic back pain.
Comparison ofHelicobacter pyloriVirulence Gene Expression In Vitro and in the Rhesus Macaque (2005)

We used a quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase PCR assay to measure the transcript abundance of 46 known and putative Helicobacter pylori virulence genes, including 24 genes on the Cag pathogenicity island. The expression profile of H. pylori cells grown in vitro was also compared to expression in vivo after experimental infection of rhesus macaques. Transcript abundance in vitro (mid-log phase) ranged from about 0.004 (feoB and hpaA) to 20 (ureAB, napA, and cag25) copies/cell. Expression of most genes was repressed during the transition from logarithmic- to stationary-phase growth, but several well-characterized H. pylori virulence genes (katA, napA, vacA, and cagA) were induced. Comparison of results in the rhesus macaque with similar data from humans showed a strong correlation (r = 0.89). The relative in vivo expression in the rhesus monkey was highly correlated with in vitro expression during mid-log (r = 0.89)- and stationary (r = 0.88)-phase growth. Transcript abundance was on average three- to fourfold reduced in vivo compared to in vitro during mid-log phase. However, when compared to stationary phase, increased expression in vivo was observed for 6 of 7 genes on a contiguous portion of the pathogenicity island, several of which are thought to encode the H. pylori type IV structural pilus and its accessory proteins. These results suggest the possibility that some genes encoding the H. pylori type IV structural pilus and accessory proteins may form an operon that is induced during growth in vivo.
Certain protein transducing agents convert translocated proteins into cell killers. (2012)

The majority of proteins are unable to translocate into the cell interior. Hence for peptide- and protein-based therapeutics a direct intracytoplasmic delivery with the aid of transducing agents is an attractive approach. We wanted to deliver to the cell interior a putatively cytotoxic protein VPg. Protein transduction was achieved in vitro with three different commercial products. However, in our hands, delivery of various control proteins without known deleterious effects, as well as of protein VPg, always induced cell death. Finally, we used a novel transducing peptide Wr-T, which was not toxic to cultured cells, even in a quite large range of concentrations. Most importantly, control protein delivered to cells in culture did not display any toxicity while VPg protein exerted a strong cytotoxic effect. These data show that results obtained with cell-penetrating agents should be interpreted with caution.
Review (1994)

The use of antisense and ribozyme RNA to modulate gene expression is emerging as an effective genetic technique. A compilation of successful antisense gene suppression experiments reveals the absence of reports on the use of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a host. We examine the field of antisense and ribozyme use in S. cerevisiae and discuss that this result is not due to any lack of attempts and may reflect unique features of S. cerevisiae biology. In an attempt to learn from cellular RNA physiology we review evidence for naturally occurring antisense RNA regulation. Although there are many examples of well characterised overlapping RNA transcripts there is, as yet, no clear evidence suggesting complementary RNA-dependent gene regulation in S. cerevisiae. The application of artificial antisense and ribozyme genes is then discussed with an emphasis on the role of yeast as a model system for the systematic and genetic analysis of antisense and ribozyme RNA function. In addition, potential reasons for the lack of attempts to use antisense or ribozyme genes to create pseudogenetic mutants are considered. We conclude that the application of successful antisense and ribozyme strategies in yeast may have to address features of S. cerevisiae RNA biology and offer experimental approaches that may identify some of these features.
Perfluoroalkyl derivatives of sulphur. Part II. Trifluoromethane-sulphonic, -sulphinic, and -sulphenic acid and the infrared spectra of compounds containing–SO2– and > S:O groups (1955)

R. N. Haszeldine and J. M. Kidd, J. Chem. Soc., 1955, 2901 DOI: 10.1039/JR9550002901
Digital documentation of individual human jaw and tooth forms for applications in orthodontics, oral surgery and forensic medicine (2002)

On account of the complex geometry of individual maxillary sinus and teeth, the classical approach for documentation in orthodontics is casting in plaster. There are millions of individual plaster forms taken from orthodontic patients, that need to be stored, sorted and accessed-depending on the local legislation-for periods up to decades. As an alternative to plaster casting archives we propose a digital solution for long-term archivation of the complex geometrical patient data in orthodontics and oral surgery. The paper includes the description of the used scanning methods and the hardware set-up. Further the applied algorithms for automatic 3D-modeling and visualization are described. The contribution describes the actual application, some representative results and offers some proposals for other application fields of digital documentation.
Gold supported on a mesoporous CeO2 matrix as an efficient catalyst in the selective aerobic oxidation of aldehydes in the liquid phase (2005)

Gold supported on CeO2 catalyses the selective aerobic oxidation of aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes better than other reported catalysts such as Pt/C/Bi materials; the activity is due to the nanometric particle size of Au and CeO2.
A New Tool to Study Ribavirin-Induced Haemolysis (2012)

With this new tool it is possible to better evaluate individual susceptibility to ribavirin-induced haemolysis before the start of treatment. In addition, this model will enable the mechanism of ribavirin-induced anaemia to be further explored and allow molecules that could reduce ribavirin haemolysis to be screened and tested in vitro. This approach could help optimize current and future therapeutic strategies involving ribavirin in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C.
Contactless and continuous monitoring of heart electric activities through clothes on a sleeping bed (2008)

Due to the global ageing problem, there is a foreseeable demand of simple, efficient and economical monitoring systems for long-term home healthcare purpose to reduce healthcare expenditure of the society and also to improve the quality of life of the people. However, measuring physiological variables several times a day is inconvenient to most people, especially the elderly and non-hospitalized patients suffering from chronic diseases. Therefore, an awareness-free heart-rate (HR) monitoring system based on a bedsheet, which utilized the continuous and electrically non-contact measurement of electrocardiogram (ECG), was proposed. The proposed system was tested on eight subjects sleeping in different postures. The proposed design of the electrode can eliminate the remarkable decrease in magnitudes of QRS complexes when the subjectpsilas hands were placed in the measuring region. A pre-amplifier connector acting as an impedance matching circuit and as a bridge for the connection between the electrodes and the measuring device was designed. In addition, the proposed system was examined on 30 subjects at rest for one hour. The results showed that the root-mean-square error (RMSE) of HR was 0.66 plusmn 0.57 bpm. A RMSE of 1.24 bpm was also yielded from one sleeping subject for eight hours overnight. Therefore, the proposed system can be potentially used for the long-term recording of HR but further studies are required to enhance its resistivity to motion artifacts.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid Analogues. Synthesis of 10‐Membered Macrocyclic Diesters of (.+‐.)‐Synthanecine A. X‐Ray Molecular Structure of (.+‐.)‐6,7‐O,O‐(Succinyl)synthanecine A (1987)

Abstract (III).
Recherches technologiques sur composés phénoliques des vins rouges II- Les facteurs de dissolution des composés phénoliques (1970)

La macération des parties solides de la grappe (pellicules, pépins et éventuellement rafles) au cours de la fermentation constitue le caractère essentiel de la vinification en rouge qui la différencie de la vinification en blanc. Ce phénomène joue un rôle fondamental sur les propriétés du vin en lui apportant tous les composés phénoliques indispensables. Les lois de la macération sont loin d'être simples. D'une part les conditions de la dissolution de chaque type de composés phénoliques et de leur diffusion dans le moût au cours de la fermentation sont affectées de façon différente par plusieurs facteurs. D'autre part, les phénomènes de macération ne se limitent pas à une dissolution des constituants des parties solides dans le jus ; il y a également, dans certaines conditions, fixation des constituants du moût sur les parties solides.
NF‐κB DNA‐binding activity after high peak power pulsed microwave (8.2 GHz) exposure of normal human monocytes (2002)

The hypothesis investigated is that exposure of a mammalian cell to high peak power pulsed RF, at the frequency of 8.2 GHz, can result in the activation of an important eukaryotic transcriptional regulator, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB). This DNA-binding protein controls genes involved in long term cellular regulation. The selection of 8.2 GHz was based on the availability of a high peak power pulsed RF transmitter. In these studies, triplicate cultures of human monocytes (Mono Mac-6) were exposed to the pulsed wave radiation. The peak to average power ratio was 455:1 (2.2 micros pulse width and pulse repetition rate of 1000 pulses/s). The average power density at the position of exposure was 50 W/m(2), and the mean SAR at the bottom of the culture flask was 10.8 +/- 7.1 W/kg. The FDTD analysis indicated that 10% of the cells had an SAR of 22-29 W/kg. The cells were exposed continuously for 90 min at 37 degrees C, reincubated at this temperature, and harvested 4 h postexposure. The nuclear extracts were analyzed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. The results showed a profound increase (3.6-fold) in the DNA binding activity of NF-kappaB in monocytes at 4 h after the pulsed RF exposure compared to sham irradiated controls. Competition experiments with cold NF-kappaB- specific oligonucleotides confirmed the specificity of the DNA binding activity. These results provide evidence that high peak power pulsed radiofrequency radiation can perturb the cell and initiate cell signaling pathways. However, at this point, we are not prepared to advocate that the cause is a nonthermal mechanism. Because of the broad distribution of SAR's in the flask, experiments need to be performed to determine if the changes observed are associated with cells exposed to high or low SARs.
Supplementary material to "Size-Resolved Atmospheric Ice Nucleating Particles during East Asian Dust Events" (2020)

Table S1.The criteria used to distinguish between dust and non-dust events for 14 sets of samples.The two weather conditions, i.e., dust and non-dust events, were defined based on PM 10 mass concentration (PM 10 Mass Conc.), the volume concentration of coarse mode particles (Vol.Conc.), phenomenological dust storm observations operated by China Meteorological Administration (Observations by CMA), and the concentration of aluminium (Al). SampleID PM 10 Mass Conc. 1 Vol.Conc. 2 Observations by CMA 3 Concentration of Al element (μg m -3 ) 4 Weather condition M1 True True True 5.65 Dust M2 True True True 1.68 Dust M3 True True True 0.72 Dust M4 True False False 0.04 Non-dust 5 M5 True False True 0.12 Dust M6 True True True 1.45 Dust M7 True True True 1.07 Dust M8 True True True 1.01 Dust D2 True True True 0.14 Dust D3 True True True 0.77 Dust D4 True True True 0.39 Dust D5 True True True 0.59 Dust D6 False False True 0.13 Dust D7 True False True 0.17 Dust Note:The weather condition of each sample was defined by a combination of the above four factors.1 PM 10 mass concentration: 'True' is defined as PM 10 mass concentration larger than 200 μg m -3 for more than 2 hours.
TETRASPORE is required for male meiotic cytokinesis in Arabidopsis thaliana (1997)

In flowering plants, male meiosis occurs in the microsporocyte to produce four microspores, each of which develops into a pollen grain. Here we describe four mutant alleles of TETRASPORE (TES), a gene essential for microsporocyte cytokinesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. Following failure of male meiotic cytokinesis in tes mutants, all four microspore nuclei remain within the same cytoplasm, with some completing their developmental programmes to form functional pollen nuclei. Both of the mitotic divisions seen in normal pollen development take place in tes mutants, including the asymmetric division required for the differentiation of gametes; some tes grains perform multiple asymmetric divisions in the same cytoplasm. tes pollen shows a variety of abnormalities subsequent to the cytokinetic defect, including fusion of nuclei, formation of ectopic internal walls, and disruptions to external wall patterning. In addition, ovules fertilized by tes pollen often abort, possibly because of excess paternal genomes in the endosperm. Thus tes mutants not only reveal a gene specific to male meiosis, but aid investigation of a wide range of processes in pollen development and function.
Plasma Aβ42 and Total Tau Predict Cognitive Decline in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (2019)

Levels of amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau peptides in brain have been associated with Alzheimer disease (AD). The current study investigated the abilities of plasma Aβ42 and total-tau (t-tau) levels in predicting cognitive decline in subjects with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Plasma Aβ42 and t-tau levels were quantified in 22 participants with amnestic MCI through immunomagnetic reduction (IMR) assay at baseline. The cognitive performance of participants was measured through neuropsychological tests at baseline and annual follow-up (average follow-up period of 1.5 years). The predictive value of plasma Aβ42 and t-tau for cognitive status was evaluated. We found that higher levels of Aβ42 and t-tau are associated with lower episodic verbal memory performance at baseline and cognitive decline over the course of follow-up. While Aβ42 or t-tau alone had moderate-to-high discriminatory value in the identification of future cognitive decline, the product of Aβ42 and t-tau offered greater differential value. These preliminary results might suggest that high levels of plasma Aβ42 and t-tau in amnestic MCI are associated with later cognitive decline. A further replication with a larger sample over a longer time period to validate and determine their long-term predictive value is warranted.
An adaptive signal processing for enhanced target detection in active sonar systems (2003)

Active sonar systems are faced with the difficult task of detecting moving targets in strong reverberation environments. Since the effective cancelling of the reverberation cannot be accomplished with a fixed notch filter, a filter structure to recover target signals obscured by the reverberation is proposed. The proposed scheme consists of an adaptive filter and a fixed filter. The optimum and suboptimum solutions are also considered. Experiments for an active sonar system are performed to examine the potential of the proposed structure for the target signal enhancement problem.
Fabrication of 700V SiC-SIT with Ultra-Low On-Resistance of 1.01mΩ•cm<sup>2</sup> (2006)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.