gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Behavior of Torsional Shape Memory Alloy Actuators (2003)

This paper addresses several fundamental issues involved with the behavior of a NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA) torsional actuator. The SMA torsional actuator has a potential application in actively changing the twist of a tilt-rotor blade. For the success of this application, it is important to understand and predict the behavior of SMA torsional actuators. The first half of the paper deals with the experimental characterization of the behavior of SMA torsion rods. Parameters such as heat treatment, length scaling, maximum actuation temperature, pretwist and two way shape memory effect (TWSME) play an important role in the actuator performance. The effect of heat-treatment at 500°C and 750°C on the axial and torsional behavior of the SMA rods of diameter 0.211inch and length 5 inches is investigated. Such a rod can produce 80 in-lb of blocked torque due to TWSME. Hence, TWSME should be considered in addition to the pretwist to accurately estimate the torque developed by an actuator. A series of experiments are performed on the SMA torsional actuator to investigate the effect of these parameters as well as the TWSME. The second part of the paper deals with modeling the torsional behavior of the SMA actuator. A phenomenological model of the torsion rod is developed based on an extension of the one-dimensional Brinson’s modal, using material constants obtained from axial tests on an SMA rod. The two dimensional phenomenological model is validated by a series of experiments on the torsion rod.
A Numerical Study of Density-Unstable Reverse Circulation Displacement for Primary Cementing (2022)

Abstract Primary cementing of the casing string is the operation where the annular space behind the casing is displaced to a cement slurry. Once hardened, the cement should form a solid annular barrier and provide zonal isolation behind the casing. Reverse circulation cementing involves injecting the cement slurry directly into the annulus that is to be cemented, displacing drilling fluid down the well. This will normally represent a density-unstable situation with an increased risk of inter-mixing of fluids and slurry contamination compared to conventional circulation cementing. This study addresses the reverse circulation displacement mechanics and is based on a reverse circulation field case where the quality of the hardened cement has previously been established by characterization of two retrieved joints. We use 3D numerical simulations to study possible displacement conditions and compare findings qualitatively to the actual cement. Additional simulations indicate the importance of imposed flowrate and viscous stresses in suppressing the destabilizing effect of buoyancy. A simplified one-dimensional displacement model provides reasonable predictions of the front propagation speed in vertical, concentric annuli, and correct identification of conditions results in backflow of lighter fluid. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first numerical study undertaken to better understand density-unstable displacements in annular geometries.
Median Filtering in Constant Time (2007)

The median filter is one of the basic building blocks in many image processing situations. However, its use has long been hampered by its algorithmic complexity of O (r) in the kernel radius. With the trend toward larger images and proportionally larger filter kernels, the need for a more efficient median filtering algorithm becomes pressing. In this correspondence, a new, simple, yet much faster, algorithm exhibiting O (1) runtime complexity is described and analyzed. It is compared and benchmarked against previous algorithms. Extensions to higher dimensional or higher precision data and an approximation to a circular kernel are presented, as well.
Optimizing Size Exclusion Chromatography for Extracellular Vesicle Enrichment and Proteomic Analysis from Clinically Relevant Samples (2019)

The field of extracellular vesicle (EV) research has rapidly expanded in recent years, with particular interest in their potential as circulating biomarkers. Proteomic analysis of EVs from clinical samples is complicated by the low abundance of EV proteins relative to highly abundant circulating proteins such as albumin and apolipoproteins. To overcome this, size exclusion chromatography (SEC) has been proposed as a method to enrich EVs whilst depleting protein contaminants; however, the optimal SEC parameters for EV proteomics have not been thoroughly investigated. Here, quantitative evaluation and optimization of SEC are reported for separating EVs from contaminating proteins. Using a synthetic model system followed by cell line-derived EVs, it is found that a 10 mL Sepharose 4B column in PBS produces optimal resolution of EVs from background protein. By spiking-in cancer cell-derived EVs to healthy plasma, it is shown that some cancer EV-associated proteins are detectable by nano-LC-MS/MS when as little as 1% of the total plasma EV number are derived from a cancer cell line. These results suggest that an optimized SEC and nanoLC-MS/MS workflow may be sufficiently sensitive for disease EV protein biomarker discovery from patient-derived clinical samples.
A low-power biasing scheme for silicon-on-insulator traveling-wave modulators (2015)

We propose a biasing scheme for silicon-on-insulator traveling-wave Mach-Zehnder modulators which eliminates the termination-related DC power consumption due to biasing and we present measurements on a high-speed modulator that uses this scheme.
Reduced lung-resident T cell memory in infants following influenza infection (2016)

Abstract Influenza is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in infants, who suffer more severe disease and are more susceptible to reinfection. In adults, influenza generates robust lung tissue-resident T cell memory (TRM) populations which are protective upon subsequent infection. Using a mouse model, we investigated whether infants also establish lung TRM after influenza infection. We found that infants and adults mount similar primary lung T cell responses to influenza. However, following recovery, infected infants generated fewer lung TRM than did animals infected as adults. Mice infected as infants also suffered greater weight loss and increased lung viral titers upon reinfection as adults in a TRM-dependent manner. Reciprocal transfer of infant or adult antigen-specific CD4 T cells to adult or infant hosts revealed that while both infant and adult cells expand in the primary response, only adult cells are efficiently maintained as TRM after resolution of infection suggesting a cell-intrinsic cause for reduced TRM in infants. RNAseq analysis of infant and adult primary effectors revealed increased T-bet and strongly decreased levels of Eomes and the survival factor Bcl-2 in infant T cells while analysis of protected lung memory from animals infected as infants or adults demonstrated lower levels of TRM-associated retention markers and decreased levels of the survival factors Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. Further pathway analysis implicated reduced IL-7 and IL-15 signaling in infant T cells suggesting a mechanism for their reduced TRM with important implications in vaccine design and therapies for influenza in this population.
Fast Planar Detection System Using a GPU-Based 3D Hough Transform for LiDAR Point Clouds (2020)

Plane extraction is regarded as a necessary function that supports judgment basis in many applications, including semantic digital map reconstruction and path planning for unmanned ground vehicles. Owing to the heterogeneous density and unstructured spatial distribution of three-dimensional (3D) point clouds collected by light detection and ranging (LiDAR), plane extraction from it is recently a significant challenge. This paper proposed a parallel 3D Hough transform algorithm to realize rapid and precise plane detection from 3D LiDAR point clouds. After transforming all the 3D points from a Cartesian coordinate system to a pre-defined 3D Hough space, the generated Hough space is rasterised into a series of arranged cells to store the resided point counts into individual cells. A 3D connected component labeling algorithm is developed to cluster the cells with high values in Hough space into several clusters. The peaks from these clusters are extracted so that the targeting planar surfaces are obtained in polar coordinates. Because the laser beams emitted by LiDAR sensor holds several fixed angles, the collected 3D point clouds distribute as several horizontal and parallel circles in plane surfaces. This kind of horizontal and parallel circles mislead plane detecting results from horizontal wall surfaces to parallel planes. For detecting accurate plane parameters, this paper adopts a fraction-to-fraction method to gradually transform raw point clouds into a series of sub Hough space buffers. In our proposed planar detection algorithm, a graphic processing unit (GPU) programming technology is applied to speed up the calculation of 3D Hough space updating and peaks searching.
Thioredoxin Interacting Protein: Redox Dependent and Independent Regulatory Mechanisms (2011)

Since TXNIP transcription and protein stability are highly regulated by multiple tissue-specific stimuli, it appears that TXNIP should be a good therapeutic target for metabolic diseases.
Chemical peels: A review of current practice (2017)

Abstract Chemical peels belong to a group of cutaneous resurfacing procedures that are used in the treatment of photoageing, inflammatory dermatoses, epidermal proliferations, pigmentary disorders and scarring. This review describes best current practice, highlights recent advances in chemical peel technology and discusses the recommended uses for different peel types. It also presents the results of a survey of the chemical peeling practices of 30 Australian dermatologists.
Measurement of Slopes of a Deformed Object Corresponding to Different Directions with Digital Holography (2002)

A digital holographic method that can be used for the simultaneous measurement of slopes of a deformed object in different directions is described in this paper. In this method, two holograms are recorded numerically under the normal and deformed states of the specimen, and two object waves are numerically calculated from these two holograms. The slopes corresponding to different directions are measured by superposing the two object waves with appropriate shifts. It is a superior method in regard to the simple experiment setup, the flexibility in handing the data, and the high quality phase maps.
Desmoplastic Fibroma Arising in Fibrous Dysplasia (1989)

A desmoplastic fibroma of bone arose in the fibula of a 17-year-old boy with fibrous dysplasia. This may be the second case of this rare histopathologic association reported in the literature. Benign bone tumors have not previously been subjected to cytogenetic analysis. Analysis of this case revealed a primary abnormal clone trisomic for both chromosomes 3 and 5 and two subclones, one trisomic for chromosome 3 and one trisomic for chromosome 5. This case may also present the first description of nonrandom karyotypic abnormalities in a benign neoplasm of bone.
High-Speed and Low-Power Design Techniques for TCAM Macros (2008)

Ternary content addressable memory (TCAM) is an important component for many applications. For TCAM-based networking systems, the rapidly growing size of routing tables brings with it the challenge to design higher search speeds and lower power consumption. In this work, two techniques are proposed to realize high-performance and low-power TCAM for IP address lookup. One technique is the tree AND-type match-line scheme for high search speed. The other technique is the segmented search-line scheme for low power. The implemented 1.8 V 0.18 mum 256 times 128b TCAM macro achieves a 1.56 ns search time using a 1.42 fJ/bit/search of energy.
Dynamic competition for hexon binding between core protein VII and lytic protein VI promotes adenovirus maturation and entry (2020)

Adenovirus minor coat protein VI contains a membrane-disrupting peptide that is inactive when VI is bound to hexon trimers. Protein VI must be released during entry to ensure endosome escape. Hexon:VI stoichiometry has been uncertain, and only fragments of VI have been identified in the virion structure. Recent findings suggest an unexpected relationship between VI and the major core protein, VII. According to the high-resolution structure of the mature virion, VI and VII may compete for the same binding site in hexon; and noninfectious human adenovirus type 5 particles assembled in the absence of VII (Ad5-VII-) are deficient in proteolytic maturation of protein VI and endosome escape. Here we show that Ad5-VII- particles are trapped in the endosome because they fail to increase VI exposure during entry. This failure was not due to increased particle stability, because capsid disruption happened at lower thermal or mechanical stress in Ad5-VII- compared to wild-type (Ad5-wt) particles. Cryoelectron microscopy difference maps indicated that VII can occupy the same binding pocket as VI in all hexon monomers, strongly arguing for binding competition. In the Ad5-VII- map, density corresponding to the immature amino-terminal region of VI indicates that in the absence of VII the lytic peptide is trapped inside the hexon cavity, and clarifies the hexon:VI stoichiometry conundrum. We propose a model where dynamic competition between proteins VI and VII for hexon binding facilitates the complete maturation of VI, and is responsible for releasing the lytic protein from the hexon cavity during entry and stepwise uncoating.
The Search for a Taxol-Producing Microorganism Among the Endophytic Fungi of the Pacific Yew, Taxus brevifolia (1995)

Endophytic microbes associated with the Pacific yew tree, Taxus brevifolia, were examined as potential sources of the anticancer drug taxol [1], a secondary metabolite of the host organism. The first promising organism found was the novel fungus, Taxomyces andreanae, which was isolated from the inner bark of a yew tree growing in northwestern Montana. It appears to produce taxol and other taxanes in de novo fashion when grown in semi-synthetic liquid media. The presence of 1 in the fungal extract was confirmed by mass spectrometry, comparative chromatographic behavior with "yew" taxol, reactivity with taxol-specific monoclonal antibodies, and 9KB cytotoxicity studies. Both acetate-1-14C and phenylalanine UL-14C served as precursors of taxol-14C in fungal culture labeling studies, confirming the de novo synthesis of 1 by the fungus. Immunoassay techniques are currently being used to screen extracts of Taxomyces andreanae for new taxanes, and to determine if other endophytic fungi are taxol producers.
A simple and flexible volume rendering framework for graphics-hardware-based raycasting (2005)

In this work we present a flexible framework for GPU-based volume rendering. The framework is based on a single pass volume raycasting approach and is easily extensible in terms of new shader functionality. We demonstrate the flexibility of our system by means of a number of high-quality standard and non-standard volume rendering techniques. Our implementation shows a promising performance in a number of benchmarks while producing images of higher accuracy than obtained by standard pre-integrated slice-based volume rendering.
Thinking ahead: The role and roots of prediction in language comprehension (2007)

Reviewed are studies using event-related potentials to examine when and how sentence context information is used during language comprehension. Results suggest that, when it can, the brain uses context to predict features of likely upcoming items. However, although prediction seems important for comprehension, it also appears susceptible to age-related deterioration and can be associated with processing costs. The brain may address this trade-off by employing multiple processing strategies, distributed across the two cerebral hemispheres. In particular, left hemisphere language processing seems to be oriented toward prediction and the use of top-down cues, whereas right hemisphere comprehension is more bottom-up, biased toward the veridical maintenance of information. Such asymmetries may arise, in turn, because language comprehension mechanisms are integrated with language production mechanisms only in the left hemisphere (the PARLO framework).
Performance analysis of slotted Aloha random access ad-hoc networks with multipacket reception (2003)

We study the performance of slotted Aloha random access ad-hoc networks with multipacket reception capability. The key issue of converting the physical layer packet success to the link layer success in an ad-hoc environment is addressed and a closed form solution is provided. Based on a finite population model, the network is characterized by a Markov-chain. Throughput and delay are derived for such networks. Stability behavior is investigated in terms of the first exit time (FET). Numerical results are also provided to gain insights into the effect of multipacket reception on the network performance.
Errata: Diffuse near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy during heatstroke in a mouse model: pilot study (2012)

This article [J. Biomed. Opt.. 17, , 105009 (2012)] was originally published online on 18 October 2012 with an error in the author list. The name Albert Pinchasov was corrected to Albert Pinhasov, as it appears above. This article was corrected online on 5 November 2012.
Design of simple and high speed VLSI core for the protection of mass storages (2008)

This paper presents a research to strengthen the using of embedded system memory, including: Flash memory, SRAM, DRAM etc. For increasing the reliability on data storage, we use the conventional fault-tolerant mechanisms-Mirror and CRC techniques to carry out the forward protection at first. Furthermore we use the encryption and Reed-Solomon code to improve the function at back end. This article designs a simple and high speed solution based on the finite field arithmetic, let the fault-tolerant facility can tolerate one-bit error from multiple bit error or multiple column error on common memories. Then we advanced improve the speed problem of Reed-Solomon code in coding, and develop an efficient way in the VLSI architecture. Finally we adopt the embedded system of DE2 to develop the co-design coding environment to provide a complete and high reliability scheme.
Both Dioscorin, the Tuber Storage Protein of Yam (Dioscorea alata cv. Tainong No. 1), and Its Peptic Hydrolysates Exhibited Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Activities (2002)

Dioscorin, the tuber storage protein of yam (Dioscorea alata cv. Tainong No. 1), was purified to homogeneity by DE-52 ion-exchange chromatography. This purified dioscorin was shown by spectrophotometric methods to inhibit angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) in a dose-dependent manner (12.5-750 microg, respectively, 20.83-62.5% inhibitions) using N-[3-(2-furyl)acryloyl]-Phe-Gly-Gly (FAPGG) as substrates. The 50% inhibition (IC(50)) of ACE activity was 6.404 microM dioscorin (250 microg corresponding to 7.81 nmol) compared to that of 0.00781 microM (0.0095 nmol) for captopril. The commercial bovine serum albumin and casein (bovine milk) showed less ACE inhibitory activity. The use of qualitative TLC also showed dioscorin as ACE inhibitors. Dioscorin showed mixed noncompetitive inhibitions against ACE; when 31.25 microg of dioscorin (0.8 microM) was added, the apparent inhibition constant (K(i)) was 2.738 microM. Pepsin was used for dioscorin hydrolysis at 37 degrees C for different times. It was found that the ACE inhibitory activity was increased from 51.32% to about 75% during 32 h hydrolysis. The smaller peptides were increased with increasing pepsin hydrolytic times. Dioscorin and its hydrolysates might be a potential for hypertension control when people consume yam tuber.
Brain Imaging In Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Evidence for the Involvement of Frontal-Subcortical Circuitry in the Mediation of Symptomatology (1996)

Abstract Recent brain-imaging studies have examined the neuroanatomy and pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Researchers have used computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging to look at brain structure and single-photon emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography scanning to look at brain function in OCD subjects. In this article, we review these studies and discuss their methodology. We then present a theoretical model derived from these studies for how the brain mediates OCD symptomatology. Functional neuroimaging studies have pointed to hyperactivity of orbitofrontal-basal ganglionic–thalamic circuitry in patients with OCD. Our model posits an imbalance between the classical “direct” and “indirect” orbitofrontal–basal ganglionic–thalamic pathways in OCD subjects. The direct circuit appears to function as a positive feedback loop and may “capture” or “lock in” symptomatic OCD subjects. The indirect circuit, which usually provides tonic inhibition to the direct circuit, may be relatively weak. Finally, we discuss how frontal-subcortical brain circuitry may be involved in other neuropsychiatric illnesses, and we describe how monoamines, such as serotonin and dopamine, may be involved in regulating these circuits in OCD and other illnesses.
Tricritical phenomena in quasi-binary mixtures. VI. The binary system ethane + n-eicosane and some revised scaling parameters (1988)

The three-phase coexistence curve for the binary system ethane + n-eicosane has been measured and its relation to the tricritical point in the quasi-binary system ethane +(n-heptadecane+n-octadecane) is discussed. In order to fit the curve into the scaling scheme developed from an extended classical theory of tricritical phenomena, it is necessary to include terms derived from a ninth-order free-energy polynomial.
Cluster headache with aura (2000)

Cluster headache with aura is rare. The authors retrospectively reviewed 101 cluster headache patient charts at the Jefferson Headache Center. Six patients had an associated aura, five visual and one olfactory, lasting 5 to 120 minutes. Only one had migraine (without aura). Auras always occurred with or were followed by a severe cluster headache. Two patients were related.
New Hybrid Organic/Inorganic Polysilsesquioxane–Silica Particles as Sunscreens (2016)

Effectiveness of organic sunscreens is limited by phototoxicity and degradation. Both of which can be significantly reduced by encapsulation in hollow particles or covalent incorporation into the solid structure of particles, but direct comparisons of the two methods have not been reported. In this study, physical encapsulation and covalent incorporation of sunscreens were compared with 1 mol % salicylate and curcumeroid sunscreens. 2-Ethylhexyl salicylate was physically encapsulated in hollow silica nanoparticles prepared by oil-in-water (O/W) microemulsion polymerizations (E-Sal). Some of these particles were coated with an additional shell or cap of silica to reduce leaking of sunscreen (cap-E-Sal). Covalent incorporation involved co-polymerizing tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) with 0.2 mol % of new salicylate and curcuminoid sunscreen monomers with triethoxsilyl groups. Particles were prepared with the salicylate attached to the silica matrix through single silsesquioxane groups (pendant; P-Sal) and two silsesquioxane groups (bridged; B-Sal). Particles based on a new curcuminoid-bridged monomer were also prepared (B-Curc). Sunscreen leaching, photodegradation, and sunscreen performance were determined for the E-Sal, cap-E-Sal, P-Sal, B-Sal, and B-Curc particles. Covalent attachment, particularly with bridged sunscreen monomers, reduced leaching and photodegradation over physical encapsulation, even with capping.
A single-chip linear CMOS power amplifier for 2.4 GHz WLAN (2006)

A single-chip linear CMOS PA for OFDM WLAN applications adopts a fully differential topology with transformer-type output matching and operates from a 3.3V supply. All of the components, including the input balun and output transformer, are integrated on a single 0.18μm CMOS die and no off-chip component is required