gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Techniques of Polymer Characterization (Allen, P. W., ed.) (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVBook and Media Revie...Book and Media ReviewNEXTTechniques of Polymer Characterization (Allen, P. W., ed.)Thomas E. Ferington Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1960, 37, 4, A252Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1960Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 April 1960Published inissue 1 April 1960https://doi.org/10.1021/ed037pA252.1RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views212Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (724 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Redirected Walking using Noisy Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation (2021)

In this study, considering the characteristics of multisensory integration, we examined a method for improving redirected walking (RDW) by adding noise to the vestibular system to reduce the effects of vestibular inputs on self-motion perception. In RDW, the contradiction between vestibular inputs and visual sensations may make users notice the RDW manipulation, resulting in discomfort throughout the experience. Because humans integrate multisensory information by considering the reliability of each modality, by reducing the effects of vestibular inputs on self-motion perception, it is possible to suppress awareness of and discomfort during RDW manipulation and improve the effectiveness of the manipulation. Therefore, we hypothesized that adding noise to the vestibular inputs would reduce the reliability of the vestibular sensations and enhances the effectiveness of RDW by improving the relative reliability of vision. In this study, we used noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) to reduce the reliability of vestibular inputs. GVS is a method of stimulating vestibular organs and nerves by applying small electrical currents to the bilateral mastoid. To reduce the reliability of vestibular inputs, we employed noisy GVS whose current pattern is white noise. We experimented with comparing the threshold of curvature gains between noisy GVS conditions and a control condition.
Structure of tris(nonafluoroisobutyl)phosphine oxide (1993)

The C-F bond lengths vary depending on the number of attached F atoms. The longest C-F bonds are for the methine C atoms [average 1.370 (1) A], while the shortest are for the methyl C atoms [average 1.3207 (7) A]. Intermediate C-F bond lengths are found for the methylene type C atoms [average 1.3482 (8) A]. The P-C bonds are longer [average 1.915 (1) A] and the P-O bond is shorter [1.447 (2) A] than those found in trimethylphosphine oxide [Engelhardt, Raston, Whitaker & White (1986). Aust. J. Chem. 39, 2151-2154]. Even though a perfluoroisobutyl group in the title compound (1) is bulkier than a methyl group, the average C-P-C angle is smaller for (1) [101.63 (5) o ] than for the trimethylphospine oxide (105.9 o )
Design of a cluster-randomized trial of electronic health record-based tools to address overweight and obesity in primary care (2015)

Despite the challenges, this study should provide valuable information about the effectiveness of electronic health record-based tools for addressing overweight and obesity in primary care.
Effects of the CB1 receptor antagonists AM6545 and AM4113 on metabolic syndrome-induced prostatic hyperplasia in rats (2023)

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a combination of metabolic disorders that can predispose individuals to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The inhibition of the cannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptor has been used to treat metabolic disorders in animal models. This study reports the use of a peripherally restricted CB1 antagonist (AM6545) and a neutral CB1 antagonist (AM4113) to improve MetS-related BPH in rats. Animals were divided into three control groups to receive either a normal rodent diet, AM6545, or AM4113. MetS was induced in the fourth, fifth, and sixth groups using a concentrated fructose solution and high-salt diet delivered as food pellets for eight weeks. The fifth and sixth groups were further given AM6545 or AM4113 for additional four weeks. Body and prostate weights were measured and prostate sections were stained with hematoxylin eosin. Cyclin D1, markers of oxidative stress and inflammation, and levels of the endocannabinoids were recorded. BPH in rats with MetS was confirmed through increased prostate weight and index, as well as histopathology. Treatment with either AM6545 or AM4113 significantly decreased prostate weight, improved prostate histology, and reduced cyclin D1 expression compared with the MetS group. Groups treated with CB1 antagonists experienced reduced lipid peroxidation, recovered glutathione depletion, restored catalase activity, and had lower inflammatory markers interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). MetS rats treated with either AM6545 or AM4113 showed reduced concentrations of anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) in the prostate compared with the MetS group. In conclusion, the CB1 antagonists AM6545 and AM4113 protect against MetS-induced BPH through their anti-proliferative, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects.
Modification of Combustor Stoichiometry Distribution for Reduced NOx Emission From Aircraft Engines (1993)

Measurements of the emissions from an experimental engine were analyzed to construct a design chart for the reduction of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) in conventional combustors. The design chart was used to reconfigure the stoichiometry distribution of the combustor of a production engine so as to reduce NOx while holding the emissions of carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons, and smoke well below existing regulations. Combustion section pressure loss and combustor outlet temperature distributions were substantially unchanged. The modified design was refined with the aid of computational fluid dynamics calculations to optimize the emissions reduction. Worthwhile reductions in NOx were obtained with combustor modifications that are transparent to the engine user.
Downlink MIMO with Frequency-Domain Packet Scheduling for 3GPP LTE (2009)

This paper addresses the problem of frequency domain packet scheduling (FDPS) incorporating spatial division multiplexing (SDM) multiple input multiple output (MIMO) techniques on the 3GPP long term evolution (LTE) downlink. We impose the LTE MIMO constraint of selecting only one MIMO mode (spatial multiplexing or transmit diversity) per user per transmission time interval (TTI). First, we address the optimal MIMO mode selection (multiplexing or diversity) per user in each TTI in order to maximize the proportional fair (PF) criterion extended to frequency and spatial domains. We prove that the SU-MIMO (single-user MIMO) FDPS problem under the LTE requirement is NP-hard and therefore, we develop two approximation algorithms (one with full channel feedback and the other with partial channel feedback) with provable performance bounds. Based on 3GPP LTE system model simulations, the approximation algorithm with partial channel feedback is shown to have comparable performance to the one with full channel feedback, while significantly reducing the channel feedback overhead by nearly 50%.
Seed selection through ion channeling to modify crystallographic orientations of polycrystalline Si films on SiO2: Implant angle dependence (1985)

Polycrystalline silicon films 4800 Å thick deposited by low pressure chemical vapor deposition at 620 °C on oxidized silicon wafers have been amorphized by implantation with 210-keV Si28 ions to a dose of 1015 cm−2 at 0°, 1°, 3°, 5°, or 7° from normal incidence and subsequently recrystallized at 700 °C. The as-deposited film was {110} textured with the 〈110〉 directions within ±20° of the surface normal. After the 0°, 1°, or 3° implant and subsequent recrystallization, most of the 〈110〉 directions were confined to within ±4° of the corresponding implant direction. For the 5° and 7° implants, the 〈110〉 directions in the recrystallized layers became randomly oriented; that is, the films lost their {110} texture. These results can be explained by the process of seed selection through ion channeling (SSIC): the grains that survived the 0°, 1°, or 3° implant due to ion channeling acted as seeds during recrystallization. The fact that the direction of the 〈110〉 axes in the recrystallized films was coincident with the implant angle strongly supports the existence of the SSIC process.
Rapid Development of Fatal TB Constrictive Pericarditis After Cardiac Surgery (2006)

We report the case of a 75-year-old male of Asian origin who developed TB constrictive pericarditis less than 6 weeks after CABG. He had no history of active TB, but did show a strong Heaf test reaction in 1987, following a period of weight loss. This was thought to be indicative of previous infection and was not actively treated. Cases of postcardiac surgery constrictive pericarditis have been reported in the literature, but to our knowledge, there is no report of development of TB constrictive pericarditis in such a short period following surgery.
Preparation, characterization and application of zwitterionic polymers and membranes: current developments and perspective (2009)

Abstract Because of their unique pendant‐side chain structures and excellent properties, zwitterionic polymers and membranes, especially zwitterionic hybrids, have attracted increasing interest in recent years. Presently, they can be potentially applied in such fields as nonlinear optical systems, ionic conduction, biomedical processing and chemical separation. In view of their significance to academia and industrial processes, this review gives a brief summary of current developments in the preparation, characterization and potential application of zwitterionic polymers and membranes. Novel approaches to prepare zwitterionic hybrids are highlighted. The present state and future perspective are also discussed. Hopefully, this review can promote the understanding of zwitterionic hybrid polymers and membranes. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Rayleigh wave propagation in nonlinear metasurfaces (2022)

We investigate the propagation of Rayleigh waves in a half-space coupled to a nonlinear metasurface. The metasurface consists of an array of nonlinear oscillators attached to the free surface of a homogeneous substrate. We describe, analytically and numerically, the effects of nonlinear interaction force and energy loss on the dispersion of Rayleigh waves. We develop closed-form expressions to predict the dispersive characteristics of nonlinear Rayleigh waves by adopting a leading-order effective medium description. In particular, we demonstrate how hardening nonlinearity reduces and eventually eliminates the linear filtering bandwidth of the metasurface. Softening nonlinearity, in contrast, induces lower and broader spectral gaps for weak to moderate strengths of nonlinearity, and narrows and eventually closes the gaps at high strengths of nonlinearity. We also observe the emergence of a spatial gap (in wavenumber) in the in-phase branch of the dispersion curves for softening nonlinearity. Finally, we investigate the interplay between nonlinearity and energy loss and discuss their combined effects on the dispersive properties of the metasurface. Our analytical results, supported by finite element simulations, demonstrate the mechanisms for achieving tunable dispersion characteristics in nonlinear metasurfaces.
Theoretically based optimal large-eddy simulation (2009)

Large eddy simulation (LES), in which the large scales of turbulence are simulated while the effects of the small scales are modeled, is an attractive approach for predicting the behavior of turbulent flows. However, there are a number of modeling and formulation challenges that need to be addressed for LES to become a robust and reliable engineering analysis tool. Optimal LES is a LES modeling approach developed to address these challenges. It requires multipoint correlation data as input to the modeling, and to date these data have been obtained from direct numerical simulations (DNSs). If optimal LES is to be generally useful, this need for DNS statistical data must be overcome. In this paper, it is shown that the Kolmogorov inertial range theory, along with an assumption of small-scale isotropy, the application of the quasinormal approximation and a mild modeling assumption regarding the three-point third-order correlation are sufficient to determine all the correlation data required for optimal LES modeling. The models resulting from these theoretically determined correlations are found to perform well in isotropic turbulence, with better high-wavenumber behavior than the dynamic Smagorinsky model. It is expected that these theory-based optimal models will be applicable to a wide range of turbulent flows, in which the small scales can be modeled as isotropic and inertial. The optimal models developed here are expressed as generalized quadratic and linear finite-volume operators. There are significant quantitative differences between these optimal LES operators and standard finite-volume operators, and these differences can be interpreted as the model of the subgrid effects. As with most other LES models, these theory-based optimal models are expected to break down near walls and other strong inhomogeneities.
Optical resolution of DL-pipecolic acid by fermentation using Pseudomonas sp. PA09 (2001)

Pseudomonas sp. PA09 was isolated from farm soil and used for the optical resolution of D-pipecolic acid from DL-pipecolic acid. The strain PA09 consumed L-pipecolic acid preferentially as the sole carbon and energy source, thus accumulating D-pipecolic acid in the culture broth. Optimization to improve the enantiomeric excess and yield was performed. The time course experiment showed that the strain PA09 consumed L-pipecolic acid almost to completion after 25 h of cultivation, and the enantiomeric excess and the yield (% of residual D-pipecolic acid) were 99.8 and 96.0%, respectively.
44 years of Cameroon's unification : has it been success? (2005)

Cameroon is a West African state, as far as English-speaking Cameroonians are concerned, but to their French-speaking counterparts, their country is located in the centre of Africa. This squabble over the geographic location of Cameroon says it all on the dichotomy that exists in a country, also known as miniature Africa, mainly amongst its citizens.
Weather, Climate, and Exercise (1998)

In addition to the myriad substances that can cause allergic reactions, many allergic children also have to contend with the fact that the mere accident of being or doing can provoke or worsen their symptoms. Extremes of heat or cold, the seasons of the year, and the level of activity of your child can and often do have a bearing on allergic symptoms.
Effects of anode materials on resistive characteristics of NiO thin films (2013)

This letter shows that the NiO-based structure with different anodes has different resistive switching properties. A conical conductive filament (CF) model is proposed for oxygen vacancies distributed in NiO films. Modeling analysis reveals much larger dissolution velocity of CF near anodes than near cathodes during the reset process. Different interfaces shown in Auger electron spectroscopy can be bound with the model to reveal that CF is dissolved in the structure with Pt or Au as anodes, while CF remains constant if the anode material is Ti or Al, which can explain whether switching properties occur in the specific NiO-based structures.
High-Throughput and Label-Free Single Nanoparticle Sizing Based on Time-Resolved On-Chip Microscopy (2015)

Sizing individual nanoparticles and dispersions of nanoparticles provides invaluable information in applications such as nanomaterial synthesis, air and water quality monitoring, virology, and medical diagnostics. Several conventional nanoparticle sizing approaches exist; however, there remains a lack of high-throughput approaches that are suitable for low-resource and field settings, i.e., methods that are cost-effective, portable, and can measure widely varying particle sizes and concentrations. Here we fill this gap using an unconventional approach that combines holographic on-chip microscopy with vapor-condensed nanolens self-assembly inside a cost-effective hand-held device. By using this approach and capturing time-resolved in situ images of the particles, we optimize the nanolens formation process, resulting in significant signal enhancement for the label-free detection and sizing of individual deeply subwavelength particles (smaller than λ/10) over a 30 mm(2) sample field-of-view, with an accuracy of ±11 nm. These time-resolved measurements are significantly more reliable than a single measurement at a given time, which was previously used only for nanoparticle detection without sizing. We experimentally demonstrate the sizing of individual nanoparticles as well as viruses, monodisperse samples, and complex polydisperse mixtures, where the sample concentrations can span ∼5 orders-of-magnitude and particle sizes can range from 40 nm to millimeter-scale. We believe that this high-throughput and label-free nanoparticle sizing platform, together with its cost-effective and hand-held interface, will make highly advanced nanoscopic measurements readily accessible to researchers in developing countries and even to citizen-scientists, and might especially be valuable for environmental and biomedical applications as well as for higher education and training programs.
Area efficient inter-coupled differential injection enhancement wide locking range injection locked frequency divider (2014)

This paper presents the design of fully differential injection locked frequency divider (ILFD) using area efficient inter-coupled differential injection enhancement of input signal. Fabricated in 65nm CMOS process technology, the proposed inter-coupled differential injection enhanced ILFD achieves twice the locking range with half the area in comparison with the single-ended inductor injection enhancement techniques. Without any varactor tuning, the divider achieves a locking range of 10.5% with an injected power of 0 dBm. The divider delivers an output power of -7 dBm and the DC power consumption is 3.6 mW.
Correction to: Metabolic syndrome increases senescence-associated micro-RNAs in extracellular vesicles derived from swine and human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (2020)

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
Aggregate Skyline Join Queries: Skylines with Aggregate Operations over Multiple Relations (2012)

The multi-criteria decision making, which is possible with the advent of skyline queries, has been applied in many areas. Though most of the existing research is concerned with only a single relation, several real world applications require finding the skyline set of records over multiple relations. Consequently, the join operation over skylines where the preferences are local to each relation, has been proposed. In many of those cases, however, the join often involves performing aggregate operations among some of the attributes from the different relations. In this paper, we introduce such queries as "aggregate skyline join queries". Since the naive algorithm is impractical, we propose three algorithms to efficiently process such queries. The algorithms utilize certain properties of skyline sets, and processes the skylines as much as possible locally before computing the join. Experiments with real and synthetic datasets exhibit the practicality and scalability of the algorithms with respect to the cardinality and dimensionality of the relations.
Development and validation of a protocol for optimizing the use of paraffin blocks in molecular epidemiological studies: The example from the HPV-AHEAD study (2017)

Worldwide use of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded blocks (FFPE) is extensive in diagnosis and research. Yet, there is a lack of optimized/standardized protocols to process the blocks and verify the quality and presence of the targeted tissue. In the context of an international study on head and neck cancer (HNC)-HPV-AHEAD, a standardized protocol for optimizing the use of FFPEs in molecular epidemiology was developed and validated. First, a protocol for sectioning the FFPE was developed to prevent cross-contamination and distributed between participating centers. Before processing blocks, all sectioning centers underwent a quality control to guarantee a satisfactory training process. The first and last sections of the FFPEs were used for histopathological assessment. A consensus histopathology evaluation form was developed by an international panel of pathologists and evaluated for four indicators in a pilot analysis in order to validate it: 1) presence/type of tumor tissue, 2) identification of other tissue components that could affect the molecular diagnosis and 3) quality of the tissue. No HPV DNA was found in sections from empty FFPE generated in any histology laboratories of HPV-AHEAD consortium and all centers passed quality assurance for processing after quality control. The pilot analysis to validate the histopathology form included 355 HNC cases. The form was filled by six pathologists and each case was randomly assigned to two of them. Most samples (86%) were considered satisfactory. Presence of >50% of invasive carcinoma was observed in all sections of 66% of cases. Substantial necrosis (>50%) was present in <2% of samples. The concordance for the indicators targeted to validate the histopathology form was very high (kappa > 0.85) between first and last sections and fair to high between pathologists (kappa/pabak 0.21-0.72). The protocol allowed to correctly process without signs of contamination all FFPE of the study. The histopathology evaluation of the cases assured the presence of the targeted tissue, identified the presence of other tissues that could disturb the molecular diagnosis and allowed the assessment of tissue quality.
Server Load Balancing (2001)

Load balancing improves network performance by distributing traffic efficiently so that individual servers are not overwhelmed by sudden fluctuations in activity. Server Load Balancing is a guide to this critical component of high availability, clustering, and fault tolerance, all of which provide the infrastructure for reliable Internet sites and large corporate networks. Much of the information on load balancing comes from vendor-specific manuals that use inconsistent terminology and are often biased toward the products they cover. Server Load Balancing explains to engineers and technicians the concepts and terminology of load balancing and offers practical guidance for planning and implementing it in almost any environment. It includes a configuration guide with diagrams and sample configurations for installing, configuring, and maintaining products from the four major vendors: Alteon WebSystems, Cisco's CSS Series (formerly ArrowPoint), F5's BIG-IP, the Foundry ServerIron series. By comparing several load balancing products, you'll gain a deeper understanding of the technology and how best to use it to improve your network performance. No system administrator responsible for traffic management should be without this practical guide.