gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ordered and Kinetically Discrete Sequential Protein Release from Biodegradable Thin Films (2014)

Multidrug regimens can sometimes treat recalcitrant diseases when single-drug therapies fail. Recapitulating complex multidrug administration from controlled release films for localized delivery remains challenging because their release kinetics are frequently intertwined, and an initial burst release of each drug is usually uncontrollable. Kinetic control over protein release is demonstrated by cross-linking layer-by-layer films during the assembly process. We used biodegradable and naturally derived components and relied on copper-free click chemistry for bioorthogonal covalent cross-links throughout the film that entrap but do not modify the embedded protein. We found that this strategy restricted the interdiffusion of protein while maintaining its activity. By depositing a barrier layer and a second protein-containing layer atop this construct, we generated well-defined sequential protein release with minimal overlap that follows their spatial distribution within the film.
Peptide sequence determination from high-energy CID tandem mass spectra using artificial neural networks (1998)

One of the major advantages in the use of high energy collision-induced dissociation (CID) tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of peptide sequence over the more traditional method of Edman degradation is the very short data generation time, which is typically only a few minutes. However, without some automated means for evaluating the data sets collected, the time saving is of little consequence since subsequent manual interpretation of the data can require hours to days of an experienced expert's time. The development of a reliable computerized system for rapid interpretation of CID spectra is, therefore, essential to exploiting the time saving advantage of the mass spectrometric approach to peptide sequencing.
The most extensively used program described to date (Johnson and Biemann, 1989) generates sequences in a stepwise fashion using a rule base of fragmentation knowledge for the evaluation of candidate sequences. A recently reported method (Hines et al, 1992) relies on classifying peaks using a pattern-based scoring function. The latter algorithm, by mathematically converting the classified ions to corresponding y ions, generates an idealized spectrum of only y type ions, which it then interprets using conventional techniques. Our program combines elements of both approaches with the use of artificial neural networks to classify ions. Two networks of the multilayer perception category are utilized: the first classifies peaks as being, or not being, one of the common ion types (a, b, c, d, v, w, x, y, z + 1), while the second network assigns peaks to specific types. The classified peaks are then used to generate a transformed spectrum of y ions from which sequences are derived and evaluated iteratively using a fragmentation rule base.
The prototype algorithm has been tested on a set of CID spectra of forty-three reference peptides (containing approximately 2750 peaks). For twenty-six (60%) of the spectra, the correct sequence received the top ranking each time they were tested, while thirty-five (81%) ranked in the top five sequences each time they were tested. The program also successfully differentiated between the isomers isoleucine and leucine 64% of the time based on the observed masses of d and w ions. This method offers the potential for an effective new approach to peptide CID spectra interpretation which could facilitate peptide sequencing by tandem mass spectrometry.
The circular RNA FAM169A functions as a competitive endogenous RNA and regulates intervertebral disc degeneration by targeting miR-583 and BTRC (2020)

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is an important factor leading to low back pain, although the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study we examined the role of circular RNA FAM169A (circ-FAM169A) in degenerative nucleus pulposus (NP) tissues, and validated its function in cultured human NP cells. Overexpression of circ-FAM169A in NP cells markedly enhanced extracellular matrix (ECM) catabolism and suppressed ECM anabolism in NP cells. Furthermore, circ-FAM169A sequestered miR-583, which could potentially upregulate BTRC, an inducer of the NF-κB signaling pathway. In conclusion, the present study revealed that circ-FAM169A promotes IDD development via miR-583/BTRC signaling. These findings provide a potential therapeutic option for the treatment of IDD.
Potentials evoked by the sinusoidal modulation of the amplitude or frequency of a tone (1987)

Steady state responses to the sinusoidal modulation of the amplitude or frequency of a tone were recorded from the human scalp. For both amplitude modulation (AM) and frequency modulation (FM), the responses were most consistent at modulation frequencies between 30 and 50 Hz. However, reliable responses could also be recorded at lower frequencies, particularly at 2-5 Hz for AM and at 3-7 Hz for FM. With increasing modulation depth at 40 Hz, both the AM and FM response increased in amplitude, but the AM response tended to saturate at large modulation depths. Neither response showed any significant change in phase with changes in modulation depth. Both responses increased in amplitude and decreased in phase delay with increasing intensity of the carrier tone, the FM response showing some saturation of amplitude at high intensities. Both responses could be recorded at modulation depths close to the subjective threshold for detecting the modulation and at intensities close to the subjective threshold for hearing the stimulus. The responses were variable but did not consistently adapt over periods of 10 min. The 40-Hz AM and FM responses appear to originate in the same generator, this generator being activated by separate auditory systems that detect changes in either amplitude or frequency.
Fiber Optics Handbook for Engineers and Scientists (1991)

Here is an expert guide for applying fiber optics in telecommunications, local area networks, and point-to-point transfer. It establishes a basis for component and design selection by means of comparative evaluation. Charts/graphs.
Why Your Encrypted Database Is Not Secure (2017)

Encrypted databases, a popular approach to protecting data from compromised database management systems (DBMS's), use abstract threat models that capture neither realistic databases, nor realistic attack scenarios. In particular, the "snapshot attacker" model used to support the security claims for many encrypted databases does not reflect the information about past queries available in any snapshot attack on an actual DBMS.
Biologics 101 for Anesthesiologists (2023)

n January 23, 2023, Cook Children's Medical Center in Fort Worth, Texas, performed groundbreaking surgery for the first time in the hospital's 105-year history.With a team comprising 25 medical professionals, including three anesthesiologists, four pediatric surgeons, two plastic surgeons, and 18 other clinical professionals, conjoined twins JamieLynn and AmieLynn were successfully separated after 11 hours of surgery.Anesthesiologist Chandra Reynolds, MD, Medical Director of Perioperative Services at Cook Children's Medical Center, shared in an interview the extensive planning and challenges faced for this rare surgical event. Pregnancy complicationsJames Finley and Amanda Archiniega, from Saginaw, Texas, were thrilled to learn they were pregnant, after desiring to add one more child to their family of five.The couple was surprised to discover Amanda was carrying twins, however, dur-O ver the past two decades, treatment strategies for various inflammatory and autoimmune conditions have evolved from the use of small molecule broad-spectrum immunomodulators to that of highly targeted B ernard Banks, MBA, PhD, a noted expert on leadership and organizational change, provided two compelling lectures during ASA ADVANCE 2023:
Sequestration and Turnover of Guinea-Pig Milk Proteins and Chicken Ovalbumin in Xenopus Oocytes (1979)

The stability and distribution of proteins within the living cell can be studied using Xenopus laevis oocytes. Microinjection of messenger RNAs and secretory proteins, followed by cell fractionation, shows that transfer of ovalbumin and milk proteins across intracellular membranes of the oocyte only occurs during their synthesis. Thus milk protein primary translation products, made in the wheat germ cell-free system, when injected into oocytes remain in the cytosol and are not recovered within membrane vesicles. Such miscompartmentalized primary milk proteins are rapidly degraded (t 1/2 0.6 +/- 0.1 h). In contrast, processed milk proteins, extracted from oocytes injected with mammary gland RNA, are relatively stable when introduced into the cytosolic compartment (t 1/2 alpha-lactalbumin 20 +/- 8 h, casein A 6 h, casein B 4 h, casein C 8.3 h). The primary ovalbumin product is also stable (t 1/2 22 +/- 9 h). Indirect evidence that rapid degradation of miscompartmentalized milk protein primary translation products may occur in vivo was obtained by the injection of massive amounts of ovalbumin and milk protein mRNA. Under these conditions there is no accumulation of primary milk protein translation products, but a polypeptide resembling the unglycosylated ovalbium wheat germ primary product can be detected in the cytosol. Only the glyclosylated forms of ovalbumin are found in the oocyte membrane vesicle fraction. We discuss the roles played by the presence of detachable signal sequences and the absence of secondary modifications in determining the rate of degradation of primary translation products within the cytosol.
Extended Bandwidth Lorentz Force Magnetometer Based on Quadrature Frequency Modulation (2014)

In this paper, a Lorentz force magnetometer demonstrates quadrature frequency modulation operation. The Lorentz force magnetometer consists of a conventional 3-port resonator, which is put into oscillation by electrostatic driving and sensing. The bias current flowing through the resonator is proportional to the displacement, and generates Lorentz force in quadrature with the electrostatic force. As a result, the Lorentz force acts as an equivalent spring and the magnetic field can be measured by reading the change in oscillation frequency. The sensor has a sensitivity of 500 Hz/T with a short-term noise floor of 500 nT$\surd $ Hz. The bandwidth of the sensor is increased to 50 Hz, a factor of 12 greater than that of the same resonator operating in amplitude-modulated mode. The short-term noise floor within 50-Hz bandwidth is comparable with CMOS Hall-effect sensors.
Lysosomal alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase deficiency, the enzymatic defect in angiokeratoma corporis diffusum with glycopeptiduria. (1991)

Recently a novel case of angiokeratoma corporis diffusum with glycoaminoaciduria was described in a 46-yr-old Japanese woman. Known causes of the cutaneous manifestation were eliminated by enzyme analyses, and further characterization of the accumulated urinary O-linked sialopeptides revealed identity to those excreted by patients with an infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy due to lysosomal alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase deficiency. Investigation of the alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase activity and protein in the proband revealed less than 2% of normal activity and the absence of detectable immunoreactive enzyme protein, findings comparable to those in the patients with infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy and alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase deficiency. In addition, the proband's unaffected offspring had half-normal levels of alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase activity, consistent with this enzymatic deficiency being the primary metabolic defect in this autosomal recessive trait. Ultrastructural examination of skin and blood cells from the adult proband revealed the presence of prominent lysosomal inclusions containing diffuse amorphous and filamentous material. In contrast, these morphologic findings were not observed in the nonneural tissues from patients with infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy and alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase deficiency. These studies document the occurrence of two forms of alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase deficiency and sialopeptiduria, a severe infantile-onset form of neuroaxonal dystrophy without angiokeratoma or visceral lysosomal inclusions and an adult-onset form characterized by angiokeratoma, extensive lysosomal accumulation of sialoglycopeptides and the absence of detectable neurologic involvement.
Carbon-Based Supercapacitors Produced by Activation of Graphene (2011)

Supercapacitors, also called ultracapacitors or electrochemical capacitors, store electrical charge on high-surface-area conducting materials. Their widespread use is limited by their low energy storage density and relatively high effective series resistance. Using chemical activation of exfoliated graphite oxide, we synthesized a porous carbon with a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area of up to 3100 square meters per gram, a high electrical conductivity, and a low oxygen and hydrogen content. This sp(2)-bonded carbon has a continuous three-dimensional network of highly curved, atom-thick walls that form primarily 0.6- to 5-nanometer-width pores. Two-electrode supercapacitor cells constructed with this carbon yielded high values of gravimetric capacitance and energy density with organic and ionic liquid electrolytes. The processes used to make this carbon are readily scalable to industrial levels.
High Resolution Imaging Using Sea Surface Related Multiples (2014)

Abstract In marine oil and gas exploration of seismic data acquisition, both primary and multiple reflections are recorded at the streamers. In seismic data processing, primaries are usually used as signal to image the subsurface; multiples are regarded as noise to be removed (SRME) (Verschuur, 1991). Multiples can also be treated as useful information to image the earth. The idea of using sea surface related multiples as valuable information for depth migration has been discussed by Berkhout and Verschuur (1994), Guitton (2002) and Whitmore et al. (2010). Lu et al. (2011) presents the first 3D example of imaging sea surface related multiples using towed streamer acquisition geometry. Conventional shot domain migration constructs a subsurface image by combining the forward extrapolated down-going wavefield from a source location and reverse extrapolated up-going wavefield originating at the surface receiver positions. Similarly, sea surface related multiples can also be used for imaging the subsurface where the boundary data for the down-going and up-going wavefields are generated at the receiver locations via up-down wavefield separation. After up-down separation, the down-going and up-going wavefields act as the source and receiver surface wavefields and exist at the receiver positions. Compared to primaries imaging, multiples imaging can help to enhance subsurface illumination in depth migration; because the source wavefield (down-going wavefield) of multiples imaging is more broadly distributed than the source wavefield of primaries imaging. More significantly, multiples imaging improves angular illumination by using additional source wavefield coverage. In this paper, 3D field data examples are used to compare imaging of primaries and imaging of multiples. A shallow water field data example shows the successful application of the technology to mitigate the acquisition footprint and generate very high resolution images. A deep water field data example demonstrates the opportunity of the technology to improving subsurface illumination and angular illumination when applied to wide azimuth acquisition. By enhancing subsurface illumination in depth migration, the technology has the potential of improving quality of subsurface reservoir characterization and reducing drilling hazard risks.
Allergiska reaktioner och andra biverkningar (2005)

English summary Allergic reactions and other side effects 106–12. Allergic reactions can be acute or chronic in nature. The acute reactions may take a fatal course, and dentists should be aware of how to treat affected patients. Latex in rubberdams and gloves are probably the most common allergenic substances encountered in dental practice, which may instigate an immediate hypersensitive reaction. The early visible signs are anxiety and rashes followed by angiooedema, tachycardia and respiratory insufficiencies. If a patient experiences an anaphylactic reaction, intra muscular injections with adrenalin should be considered. Hypersensitivity to mercury associated with amalgam restorations has a more chronic course. Most commonly it presents as an oral lichenoid reaction affecting oral mucosa in direct contact with an amalgam restoration and represents a delayed, type IV, cell-mediated immune response to mercury or one of the other constituents of the dental amalgam. Intraoral reactions to acrylic and gold containing dental materials are less frequently encountered, and there is a demand for further studies regarding adverse reactions to these materials. Drugs are well-recognised allergenic substances of importance. Drugs used in dental practice can cause all four of the classic types of allergic reactions. Increasing awareness of allergy in the population corresponds with a raised concern about adverse reactions to dental material. Thus, there is a demand for increasing knowledge about the management of allergies and other adverse reactions in the dental practice.
Radial oscillations of encapsulated microbubbles in viscoelastic liquids (2002)

The small-amplitude radial oscillations of a gas microbubble encapsulated by a viscoelastic solid shell and surrounded by a slightly compressible viscoelastic liquid are studied theoretically. The Kelvin–Voigt and 4-constant Oldroyd models are used to describe the viscoelastic properties of the shell and liquid, respectively. The equation for radial oscillation is derived using the method of matched asymptotic expansions. Based on this equation, we present the expressions for damping coefficients and scattering cross sections at the fundamental frequency and at twice that frequency. The numerical maximization of the amplitude-frequency response function shows that the resonance frequency for the encapsulated microbubble highly depends on viscous damping, and therefore, significantly differs from the undamped natural frequency. The effects of the shell and liquid parameters on the resonance frequency and scattering cross sections are analyzed.
Complexes formed between the quadridentate, heterocyclic molecules 6,6′-bis-(5,6-dialkyl-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)-2,2′-bipyridine (BTBP) and lanthanides(iii): implications for the partitioning of actinides(iii) and lanthanides(iii) (2005)

New hydrophobic, tetradentate nitrogen heterocyclic reagents, 6,6'-bis-(5,6-dialkyl-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)-2,2'-bipyridines (BTBPs) have been synthesised. These reagents form complexes with lanthanides and crystal structures with 11 different lanthanides have been determined. The majority of the structures show the lanthanide to be 10-coordinate with stoichiometry [Ln(BTBP)(NO3)3] although Yb and Lu are 9-coordinate in complexes with stoichiometry [Ln(BTBP)(NO3)2(H2O)](NO3). In these complexes the BTBP ligands are tetradentate and planar with donor nitrogens mutually cisi.e. in the cis, cis, cis conformation. Crystal structures of two free molecules, namely C2-BTBP and CyMe4-BTBP have also been determined and show different conformations described as cis, trans, cis and trans, trans, trans respectively. A NMR titration between lanthanum nitrate and C5-BTBP showed that two different complexes are to be found in solution, namely [La(C5-BTBP)2]3+ and [La(C5-BTBP)(NO3)3]. The BTBPs dissolved in octanol were able to extract Am(III) and Eu(III) from 1 M nitric acid with large separation factors.
3D-Printed Ceramics with Aligned Micro-Platelets (2023)

Biological materials, such as seashells, exhibit distinct microstructures in which (bio)ceramic micro-platelets are aligned, resulting in desirable mechanical properties when combined with other materials in the composite form. The manufacturing of synthetic counterparts often involves various methods capable of large-scale particle alignment, such as freeze-casting, tape casting, and magnetic assembly. However, these methods are often limited to simple geometries or require specialized printers with magnetic control capability and magnetized platelets. In this study, we report on 3D-printed alumina with aligned micro-platelets achieved using the vat photopolymerization process. Notably, our approach relies solely on the shear flow in the resin induced by the motion of the printer build plate in lower-cost printers without a doctor blade. This process holds significant potential for the development of ceramic and composite parts with controlled microstructures, particularly for the manufacturing of bioinspired structural and functional composites.
From irradiance to output power fluctuations: the PV plant as a low pass filter (2011)

Abstract The power generated by large grid‐connected photovoltaic (PV) plants depends greatly on the solar irradiance. This paper studies the effects of the solar irradiance variability analyzing experimental 1‐s data collected throughout a year at six PV plants, totaling 18 MWp. Each PV plant was modeled as a first order filter function based on an analysis in the frequency domain of the irradiance data and the output power signals. An empiric expression which relates the filter parameters and the PV plant size has been proposed. This simple model has been successfully validated precisely determining the daily maximum output power fluctuation from incident irradiance measurements. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Electronic connector handbook: theory and applications (1998)

Connector Overview. The Contact Interface and Contact Physics. Contact Finishes. Contact Spring Materials. Engineering Thermoplastics for Connectors. Separable Connections. Permanent Connection Overview. Wire and Cable. Mechanical Permanent Connections to Wire and Cable. The Printed Wiring Board. Permanent Connections to Printed Wiring Boards. Connector Applications. Connector Types. Connector/Socker Testing.
Using model‐based systems engineering as a framework for improving test and evaluation activities (2012)

Abstract Model‐based systems engineering (MBSE) approaches are based on a paradigm shift from document‐centric engineering to model‐based engineering. Although MBSE methods are intended to apply across the entire system life cycle, one area that has not received much attention to date is the role of test and evaluation. Test and evaluation activities provide information that reduces the uncertainty about system performance, effectiveness, and suitability. This uncertainty reduction becomes particularly important within the context of defense systems, which can cost billions of dollars. This paper describes a methodology that uses an MBSE framework and Monte Carlo simulation to define uncertainty reduction goals for test planners to use in developing test strategies and detailed test designs for evaluating technical performance parameters. As tests are completed, physical models can be updated with test data and additional analyses conducted with combat models to determine if the system meets user requirements. The methodology is demonstrated through a simple case study involving a series of tests to predict the landing performance of an aircraft. ©2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng 16: