gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of an androgen receptor-null model for identifying the initiation site for androgen stimulation of proliferation and suppression of programmed (apoptotic) death of PC-82 human prostate cancer cells. (1998)

Whether androgen regulates the proliferation and survival of androgen-responsive prostate cancer cells directly or indirectly via a paracrine pathway initiated in androgen receptor (AR)-expressing stromal cells is unknown. To resolve this issue, female mice heterozygous for the testicular feminized male loss of function mutation in their X-linked AR genes were cross-bred to T cell-defective homozygous male nude mice. Using a PCR-based restriction enzyme digestion method, the resulting AR/tfm, Nu/nu F1 hybrid females were identified and back-crossed to homozygous male nude mice to produce AR-null male nude mice lacking both AR and T-cell function. Androgen-responsive PC-82 human prostate cancers were xenografted into these AR-null versus AR-wild-type male nude mice. In both backgrounds, the cancer cells did not grow in nonandrogenized hosts. In contrast, PC-82 prostate cancer cells grew with identical characteristics (i.e., take rate, morphology, PSA expression, growth rate, and percentage of cell proliferating or dying) in androgenized hosts of both backgrounds. Likewise, in both backgrounds, androgen ablation of mice bearing growing PC-82 cancers resulted in the inhibition of proliferation and activation of programmed (apoptotic) cell death of the cancer cells. These results demonstrate that both the androgen-stimulated proliferation and the suppression of programmed cell death of PC-82 human prostate cancer cells are initiated by the AR pathway directly within these cancer cells themselves and do not involve initiation by AR-expressing stromal cells in a paracrine manner.
Direct Phase Detection Technique using an Injection-Locked VCSEL (2010)

A technique for direct detection of the phase of optical signals using an injection-locked VCSEL is presented. Conversion of the phase modulation to modulation of the voltage across the VCSEL is experimentally demonstrated.
Practical considerations for real-time turbulence mitigation in long-range imagery (2017)

Atmospheric turbulence degrades imagery by imparting scintillation and warping effects that blur the collected pictures and reduce the effective level of detail. While this reduction in image quality can occur in a wide range of scenarios, it is particularly noticeable when capturing over long distances, when close to the ground, or in hot and humid environments. For decades, researchers have attempted to correct these problems through device and signal processing solutions. While fully digital approaches have the advantage of not requiring specialized hardware, they have been difficult to realize in real-time scenarios due to a variety of practical considerations, including computational performance, the need to integrate with cameras, and the ability to handle complex scenes. We address these challenges and our experience overcoming them. We enumerate the considerations for developing an image processing approach to atmospheric turbulence correction and describe how we approached them to develop software capable of real-time enhancement of long-range imagery.
Efficient SPECT scatter calculation in non-uniform media using correlated Monte Carlo simulation (1999)

Accurate simulation of scatter in projection data of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is computationally extremely demanding for activity distribution in non-uniform dense media. This paper suggests how the computation time and memory requirements can be significantly reduced. First the scatter projection of a uniform dense object (P(SDSE)) is calculated using a previously developed accurate and fast method which includes all orders of scatter (slab-derived scatter estimation), and then P(SDSE) is transformed towards the desired projection P which is based on the non-uniform object. The transform of P(SDSE) is based on two first-order Compton scatter Monte Carlo (MC) simulated projections. One is based on the uniform object (P(u)) and the other on the object with non-uniformities (P(nu)). P is estimated by P = P(SDSE) P(nu)/P(u). A tremendous decrease in noise in P is achieved by tracking photon paths for P(nu) identical to those which were tracked for the calculation of P(u) and by using analytical rather than stochastic modelling of the collimator. The method was validated by comparing the results with standard MC-simulated scatter projections (P) of 99mTc and 201Tl point sources in a digital thorax phantom. After correction, excellent agreement was obtained between P and P. The total computation time required to calculate an accurate scatter projection of an extended distribution in a thorax phantom on a PC is a only few tens of seconds per projection, which makes the method attractive for application in accurate scatter correction in clinical SPECT. Furthermore, the method removes the need of excessive computer memory involved with previously proposed 3D model-based scatter correction methods.
Tumor targeting by an aptamer. (2006)

TTA1 is taken up by a variety of solid tumors including breast, glioblastoma, lung, and colon. Rapid uptake by tumors and rapid clearance from the blood and other nontarget tissues enables clear tumor imaging. As synthetic molecules, aptamers are readily modified in a site-specific manner. A variety of aptamer conjugates accumulate in tumors, suggesting imaging and potentially therapeutic applications.
Pyrolytic carbon-coated silicon/Carbon Nanotube composites: promising application for Li-ion batteries (2008)

Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) were grown on silicon nanoparticles by Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD) method and then the as-prepared Si-CNT hybrid was coated by pyrolytic carbon through pyrolysis of sucrose, as anode material for Li-ion batteries in this study. After 20 cycles, the pyrolytic carbon coated silicon/CNT composite achieved a discharge capacity of 727 mAh/g. However, for the simple mixture of silicon and CNTs coated by a layer of pyrolytic carbon through pyrolysis of sucrose, the discharge capacity after 20 cycles was only 363 mAh/g. The CVD growth of CNTs on silicon suppresses the structure destruction of pyrolytic carbon-coated silicon/CNT composite during cycling, resulting in the improvement of cyclability.
Fine Control of the Release and Encapsulation of Fe Ions in Dendrimers through Ferritin-like Redox Switching (2004)

Numerous dendrimers incorporating metal ions or clusters have received much attention as catalytic and drug delivery materials. We expanded the variety of metal ions that complex with DPA through a radial stepwise complexation to create novel organic-inorganic hybrid materials. As one of the most common and significant iron ions, Fe3+ was used. It was confirmed that iron ions, FeCl3, are coordinated to the imine groups of a spherical phenylazomethine dendrimer (DPA) in a stepwise radial fashion, which should make it possible to control the number and location of the Fe3+ ions incorporated into the dendrimers. Iron possesses very interesting properties such as magnetism, redox chemistry, and catalysis and is also one of the essential elements of our body. Here, we show the first successful attempt to control the biomimetic switching of iron ions' release/encapsulation in the dendrimer driven by their redox response of the Fe2+/Fe3+ couple, which might find uses as a drug delivery system.
Phase I/IIa trial of the novel microtubule inhibitor BAL101553 in advanced solid tumors: Phase I completed. (2014)

2562 Background: BAL101553 is a prodrug of the small molecule BAL27862, a novel microtubule-targeting agent (MTA) with potent activity in tumor models refractory to conventional MTAs. Its anti-cancer activity is related to cytotoxic effects on tumor cells as well as vascular disruption at higher doses. A NSCLC xenograft mouse model demonstrated similar BAL27862 tumor exposure (AUC) at the MTD and a sub-MTD dose, with the lower dose resulting in higher peak intratumoral levels. Phase I objectives of this trial included determination of maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and dose-limiting toxicity (DLT), evaluation of pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics (PD) and anti-tumor activity. Methods: Eligible patients (pts) with advanced solid tumors, having failed standard therapy, received BAL101553 as a 2-h IV infusion on days 1, 8 and 15 of a 28-day cycle (accelerated dose-escalation). Adverse events (AEs) were assessed by CTCAEv4 grade (G); tumor response was assessed every 2 cycles by RECIST 1.1. Results: 24 pts (12 males; median age 54.5 years; range 29-80) were treated at 15, 30, 45, 60 or 80 mg/m2 of BAL101553. At 80 mg/m2, 2 out of 6 evaluable pts experienced a DLT of G2-3 gait disturbance (fully or partially reversible with follow-up ongoing) related to G1-2 peripheral neuropathy. 60 mg/m2 was defined as MTD with 1 DLT observed out of 6 pts (G3 reduced mobility with dizziness). Frequent drug-related AEs up to the MTD included injection site reactions, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue, peripheral neuropathy (all G1-2) and asymptomatic hypertension (G2-3, transient during the infusion; responding to nifedipine). 1 confirmed partial response (ampullary cancer, for >2 years) and 5 stable diseases were observed, predominantly at sub-MTD doses. Reproducible exposure to BAL27862 was seen across all dose levels. Comparison of post- to pre-treatment tumor biopsies indicated PD effects on tumor cell proliferation and vascularization. Conclusions: BAL101553 is well tolerated up to the MTD of 60 mg/m2. As a lower dose may be preferred (providing cytotoxic and intermediate anti-vascular effects), treatment at MTD and a lower dose is being considered for the randomized Phase IIa part. Clinical trial information: NCT01397929.
Causes of uveitis in dogs: 102 cases (1989–2000) (2002)

Uveitis is one of the most common ocular diseases and one of the most common causes of blindness in dogs. The purpose of this retrospective study was to correlate the signalment, history, clinical signs and ophthalmic findings of dogs with uveitis with the underlying etiology. We conducted a retrospective study of 102 dogs presented to the NCSU-VTH from 1989 to 2000 with clinical signs of uveitis. Medical records of dogs presented for uveitis were reviewed. Dogs were included in the study only if a complete diagnostic work-up database was collected, if sufficient follow-up was documented, and if the uveitis was not secondary to trauma or a hypermature cataract. The mean age +/- SD of all dogs in this study was 6.2 +/- 3.6 years. There were 33 intact and 16 castrated males, and 14 intact and 27 neutered females. Fourteen breeds were represented, with the Golden Retriever (n = 14) most common. Fifty-nine dogs (58%) were diagnosed with idiopathic/immune-mediated uveitis, neoplasia was diagnosed in 25 dogs (24.5%) and 18 dogs (17.6%) were diagnosed with infectious causes of uveitis. Aqueous flare was the most common clinical sign, occurring in 88 dogs (86%). The most common infectious organisms associated with uveitis in the dogs of this study were Ehrlichia canis (n = 7). Lymphosarcoma (n = 17) was the most common neoplasm. In approximately 60% of dogs presenting for uveitis an underlying cause was not found, and a diagnosis of immune-mediated or idiopathic uveitis was made. However, approximately 25% of dogs had ocular and/or systemic neoplasia (with 17% of cases having lymphosarcoma) and 18% with an underlying infectious cause for uveitis. Because of the high percentage of systemic disease associated with uveitis in dogs, extensive diagnostic testing is recommended before instituting symptomatic anti-inflammatory therapy.
Overcoming the quantum limit of optical amplification in monolithic waveguides (2021)

Optical amplifiers are essential in numerous photonic applications. Parametric amplifiers, relying on a nonlinear material to create amplification, are uniquely promising as they can amplify without generating excess noise. Here, we demonstrate amplification based on the third-order nonlinearity in a single chip while, in addition, reporting a noise figure significantly below the conventional quantum limit when operated in phase-sensitive mode. Our results show the potential of nanophotonics for realizing continuous-wave parametric amplification that can enable applications in optical communications, signal processing, and quantum optics across a wide range of frequencies.
Dual inhibition of IGF1R and ER enhances response to trastuzumab in HER2 positive breast cancer cells (2017)

Although HER2 targeted therapies have improved prognosis for HER2 positive breast cancer, HER2 positive cancers which co-express ER have poorer response rates to standard HER2 targeted therapies, combined with chemotherapy, than HER2 positive/ER negative breast cancer. Administration of hormone therapy concurrently with chemotherapy and HER2 targeted therapy is generally not recommended. Using publically available gene expression datasets we found that high expression of IGF1R is associated with shorter disease-free survival in patients whose tumors are ER positive and HER2 positive. IGF1R is frequently expressed in HER2 positive breast cancer and there is significant evidence for crosstalk between IGF1R and both HER2 and ER. Therefore, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of targeting ER and IGF1R in cell line models of HER2/ER/IGF1R positive breast cancer, using tamoxifen and two IGF1R targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (NVP-AEW541 and BMS-536924). Dual inhibition of ER and IGF1R enhanced growth inhibition in the four HER2 positive cell lines tested and caused an increase in cell cycle arrest in G1 in BT474 cells. In addition, combined treatment with trastuzumab, tamoxifen and either of the IGF1R TKIs enhanced response compared to dual targeting strategies in three of the four HER2 positive breast cancer cell lines tested. Furthermore, in a cell line model of trastuzumab-resistant HER2 positive breast cancer (BT474/Tr), tamoxifen combined with an IGF1R TKI produced a similar enhanced response as observed in the parental BT474 cells suggesting that this combination may overcome acquired trastuzumab resistance in this model. Combining ER and IGF1R targeting with HER2 targeted therapies may be an alternative to HER2 targeted therapy and chemotherapy for patients with HER2/ER/IGF1R positive breast cancer.
Frame transfer area array sensor with vertical antiblooming and novel readout for enhanced performance (2002)

A novel architectural design for use in multiple output Charge Coupled Device (CCD) Imagers has been developed to eliminate 'first pixel' video signal nonuniformities and enhance charge conversion efficiency. This technique makes use of a flared architecture at the parallel to serial transfer region in the image sensor to provide additional space for extra isolation readout pixels and an optimized charge conversion node. A four (4) output frame transfer array has been fabricated with this architecture. Test results show excellent performance.
SmartDCap (2013)

People frequently capture photos with their smartphones, and some are starting to capture images of documents. However, the quality of captured document images is often lower than expected, even when an application that performs post-processing to improve the image is used. To improve the quality of captured images before post-processing, we developed the Smart Document Capture (SmartDCap) application that provides real-time feedback to users about the likely quality of a captured image. The quality measures capture the sharpness and framing of a page or regions on a page, such as a set of one or more columns, a part of a column, a figure, or a table. Using our approach, while users adjust the camera position, the application automatically determines when to take a picture of a document to produce a good quality result. We performed a subjective evaluation comparing SmartDCap and the Android Ice Cream Sandwich (ICS) camera application; we also used raters to evaluate the quality of the captured images. Our results indicate that users find SmartDCap to be as easy to use as the standard ICS camera application. Also, images captured using SmartDCap are sharper and better framed on average than images using the ICS camera application.
Piperylene sulfone: a labile and recyclable DMSO substitute (2007)

The properties and uses of piperylene sulfone as a new, recyclable dipolar, aprotic solvent for conducting organic reactions are presented.
Human health implications of nanomaterial exposure (2008)

Nanotechnology presents countless opportunities to develop new and improved consumer products for the benefit of society. However, as the industrial production and use of nanotechnology products continue to expand at a fast scale, potential human health concerns and ecological safeguards for the environment need to be addressed. Health risk assessment involving different animal species for multi-organ toxicity complimented with molecular investigations in cells is essential for investigating the potential toxic effects of nanomaterials. The purpose of this review is to present the current state of knowledge regarding the potential routes of human exposure to nanomaterials and their biological health effects. Although anthropogenic nanosized particles emitted in the environment are known to produce adverse human health in susceptible populations, much remains to be explored. Exposures can occur from direct exposure or from the use of commercial products made of nanomaterials. Safe manufacturing guidelines for prevention of exposures and recommendations on safe handling and use need to be established on a proactive basis to prevent adverse outcomes.
Ultrastructural study of the short‐term effects of chymopapain on the intervertebral disc (1986)

The initial effects of chymopapain, a chemonucleolytic agent, on the intervertebral disc of dogs were studied by light and electron microscopic techniques. Fragments of nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosis were incubated with chymopapain up to 24 h in vitro. Proteoglycans and matrix proteins were rapidly removed, while collagen fibers remained intact up to 24 h. For several hours, most cells remained normal in appearance with only slight swelling and an increased number of vacuoles. After exposure to the protease for 24 h cells in both the annulus and nucleus showed extensive membrane damage and some were necrotic, but many survived relatively intact. These results suggest that, similar to the results of the digestion of cartilage with other proteases, the cells of the disc can survive brief chymopapain exposure during chemonucleolysis procedures and could serve as a source for regenerating tissue. The nature of the regeneration may depend on the extracellular scaffold that remains and the nutrition available to tissue as well as the age and biomechanical state of the disc. As for clinical significance, chemonucleolysis is an important nonsurgical alternative for treating prolapsed disc. The cells of nucleus and annulus can survive short-term exposure to treatment, and thus be responsible for partial regeneration of the tissue. This regeneration may be important in preventing long-term degenerative disease in the facet joints caused by increased pressure due to decreased disc height.
Phosphorus-containing pesticide breakdown products: quantitative utilization as phosphorus sources by bacteria (1978)

Bacteria were isolated that could utilize representatives of the following ionic phosphorus-containing breakdown products of organophosphorus pesticides as sole phosphorus sources: dialkyl phosphates, dialkyl phosphorothioates, dialkyl phosphorodithioates, alkyl arylphosphonates, alkyl arylphosphonothioates, and alkyl alkylphosphonates. Utilization of each organophosphorus compound, which was complete for 7 of 12 compounds studied, was confirmed by determination of protein yield from the amount of phosphorus source consumed. This is the first report of the utilization of an ionic dialkyl thiophosphate or dithiophosphate by microorganisms.
A Self-Configurable Geo-Replicated Cloud Storage System (2014)

International audience
The future of food demand: understanding differences in global economic models (2013)

Understanding the capacity of agricultural systems to feed the world population under climate change requires projecting future food demand. This article reviews demand modeling approaches from 10 global economic models participating in the Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project (AgMIP). We compare food demand projections in 2050 for various regions and agricultural products under harmonized scenarios of socioeconomic development, climate change, and bioenergy expansion. In the reference scenario (SSP2), food demand increases by 59-98% between 2005 and 2050, slightly higher than the most recent FAO projection of 54% from 2005/2007. The range of results is large, in particular for animal calories (between 61% and 144%), caused by differences in demand systems specifications, and in income and price elasticities. The results are more sensitive to socioeconomic assumptions than to climate change or bioenergy scenarios. When considering a world with higher population and lower economic growth (SSP3), consumption per capita drops on average by 9% for crops and 18% for livestock. The maximum effect of climate change on calorie availability is -6% at the global level, and the effect of biofuel production on calorie availability is even smaller.
Mortality in patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (2020)

Patients diagnosed with PNES have a SMR 2.5 times above the general population, dying at a rate comparable to those with drug-resistant epilepsy. This emphasizes the importance of prompt diagnosis, identification of risk factors, and implementation of appropriate strategies to prevent potential avoidable deaths.
Transrectal ultrasound prostate biopsy tracking with efficient and accurate deformation estimation (2009)

International audience
Factors Affecting the Validity of Ankle-Brachial Index in the Diagnosis of Peripheral Arterial Obstructive Disease (2009)

We evaluated 158 legs from 79 consecutive patients who had undergone both ankle-brachial index (ABI) measurements and angiography for claudication symptoms between January 2007 and December 2008. The diagnosis of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in the individual legs was established by angiography. Ankle-brachial index was considered abnormal if it was <0.9. The sensitivity and specificity of ABI was 61% and 87%, respectively. To assess the factors affecting the validity of ABI in the diagnosis of PAD, multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted. The odds ratios (ORs) for the false negative result of ABI were 4.36 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.36-13.92) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), 3.41 (95% CI 1.10-10.48) in patients with distal lesions, 3.02 (95% CI 1.07-8.49) in elderly patients, and 1.13 (95% CI 0.34-3.42) in patients with mild stenosis. Although ABI is the method of choice for the primary diagnosis of PAD, other supplementary investigations should be considered when there is clinical suspicion of PAD but an ABI <0.9.