gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Alpha B‐crystallin is not a dominant peripheral T‐cell autoantigen in multiple sclerosis amongst Sardinians (2003)

The heat shock protein alpha B-crystallin appears to be the dominantly recognized autoantigen in the early demyelinative process of multiple sclerosis (MS) in brain of patients. In Sardinia, MS is linked to human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DR alleles that might influence the production of cytokines from peripheral lymphocytes. We tested the nature of peripheral anti-alpha B-crystallin-specific T-cell response in the context of predisposing HLA haplotypes both in MS patients and healthy controls. The alpha B-crystallin specific T-cell lines were generated by using the 'split-well' technique. The results indicate that the presence of short-term T-cell lines towards alpha B-crystallin is numerically comparable between the two groups and not restricted to MS-predisposing HLA-DR alleles. As for the T-cell characterization, CD4+ anti-alpha B-crystallin T cells secreting high levels of interferon-gamma are similarly identified in MS and healthy donors. In conclusion, the peripheral response towards the myelin antigen alpha B-crystallin is neither quantitatively nor qualitatively peculiar to MS, in contrast to the theoretical paradigm suggesting peripheral activation of myelin-reactive T cells to be the prerequisite for MS induction.
Space shuttle's impact on the stratosphere: An update (1996)

To assess their impact on the stratosphere, a launch scenario of nine shuttles and three Titans per year is simulated in a two‐dimensional photochemistry and transport model that includes heterogeneous reactions on a stratospheric sulfate aerosol (SSA) layer and polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs). These rocket launches are predicted to cause small constituent changes in the stratosphere. Maximum total inorganic chlorine enhancements are computed to be about 12 parts per trillion by volume (∼0.4% on a 3 parts per billion by volume background) in the middle to upper stratosphere at northern middle to high latitudes. Maximum ozone decreases associated with these chlorine increases are calculated to be about 0.14% in the middle to upper stratosphere at northern middle to high latitudes. Column ozone decreases are predicted to be a maximum of about 0.05% at northern polar latitudes in the early spring. Model results using (1) gas phase only reactions, (2) gas phase reactions and heterogeneous reactions on the SSA layer, and (3) gas phase reactions and heterogeneous reactions on the SSA layer and PSCs have also been compared with one another. The simulations from these three versions of our model gave annually averaged global total ozone decreases of (1) 0.0056%, (2) 0.010%, and (3) 0.014%. Stratospheric effects from heterogeneous reactions promoted by the alumina emitted from these rockets could be larger than those predicted from the chlorine emissions and need to be investigated further.
Antiretroviral Drug Use in a Cohort of HIV-Uninfected Women in the United States: HIV Prevention Trials Network 064 (2015)

Antiretroviral (ARV) drug use was analyzed in HIV-uninfected women in an observational cohort study conducted in 10 urban and periurban communities in the United States with high rates of poverty and HIV infection. Plasma samples collected in 2009-2010 were tested for the presence of 16 ARV drugs. ARV drugs were detected in samples from 39 (2%) of 1,806 participants: 27/181 (15%) in Baltimore, MD and 12/179 (7%) in Bronx, NY. The ARV drugs detected included different combinations of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and protease inhibitors (1-4 drugs/sample). These data were analyzed in the context of self-reported data on ARV drug use. None of the 39 women who had ARV drugs detected reported ARV drug use at any study visit. Further research is needed to evaluate ARV drug use by HIV-uninfected individuals.
Determination of metals after collection of their acenaphthene-quinone dioxime complexes on microcrystalline naphthalene (1988)

A method is described for the atomic absorption spectrometric determination of copper(II), nickel(II), cobalt(II) and palladium(II) after collection of their acenaphthenequinone dioxime complexes on microcrystalline naphthalene. The complexes collected are dissolved in dimethylformamide (DMF) for copper(II), in nitric acid-DMF for nickel(II) and cobalt(II) and in butylamine-DMF for palladium(II). These metals are determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. Beer's law is obeyed up to 80, 100, 100 and 90 µg of CuII, NiII, CoII and PdII, respectively, in 10 ml of final organic solvent. Ten replicate determinations of a sample solution containing 40 µg of CuII and 60 µg of each of NiII, CoII and PdII gave mean absorbances of 0.260, 0.160, 0.260 and 0.195, respectively, with relative standard deviations of 0.9, 1.1, 1.11 and 1.27%, respectively. The method was applied to the determination of these metal ions in some standard and practical samples.
Spirocyclic Restriction of Nucleosides (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Coherent DS-CDMA: promising multiple access for wireless multimedia mobile communications (2002)

This paper describes a design concept and the features of coherent DS-CDMA access which supports multimedia services and also flexible system deployment. The testbed implemented for a series of field experiments near Tokyo and some measurement results are reported. In the proposed system, two-layer code assignment and transmit power control based on signal-to-interference (SIR) measurements are used. Pilot symbol-assisted coherent RAKE reception in the reverse link is employed to enhance the transmission quality. This paper also reports on the cell search algorithm used to accomplish rapid cell search under asynchronous cell site operation and low power consuming matched filter implementation. Finally, as an evolutionary step in future technology, an application of an interference canceling scheme and an adaptive beamforming scheme are presented in order to further increase the link capacity.
Penelope: The NBTI-Aware Processor (2007)

Transistors consist of lower number of atoms with every technology generation. Such atoms may be displaced due to the stress caused by high temperature, frequency and current, leading to failures. NBTI (negative bias temperature instability) is one of the most important sources of failure affecting transistors. NBTI degrades PMOS transistors whenever the voltage at the gate is negative (logic input "0"). The main consequence is a reduction in the maximum operating frequency and an increase in the minimum supply voltage of storage structures to cope for the degradation. Many PMOS transistors affected by NBTI can be found in both combinational and storage blocks since they observe a "0 " at their gates most of the time. This paper proposes and evaluates the design of Penelope, an NBTI-aware processor. We propose (i) generic strategies to mitigate degradation in both combinational and storage blocks, (ii) specific techniques to protect individual blocks by applying the global strategies, and (Hi) a metric to assess the benefits of reduced degradation and the overheads in performance and power.
Critical brain wave physics of neuronal avalanches without sandpiles of self organized criticality (2022)

Abstract Analytical expressions for scaling of brain wave spectra derived from the general nonlinear wave Hamiltonian form show excellent agreement with experimental ``neuronal avalanche'' data. The theory of the weakly evanescent nonlinear brain wave dynamics1,2 reveals the underlying collective processes hidden behind the phenomenological statistical description of the neuronal avalanches and connects together the whole range of brain activity states, from oscillatory wave-like modes, to neuronal avalanches, to incoherent spiking, showing that the neuronal avalanches are just the manifestation of the different nonlinear side of wave processes abundant in cortical tissue. In a more broad way these results show that a system of wave modes interacting through all possible combinations of the third order nonlinear terms described by a general wave Hamiltonian necessarily produces anharmonic wave modes with temporal and spatial scaling properties that follow scale free power laws. To the best of our knowledge this has never been reported in the physical literature and may be applicable to many physical systems that involve wave processes and not just to neuronal avalanches.
Cobalt ferrite encapsulated in a zwitterionic chitosan derived shell: An efficient nano‐magnetic catalyst for three‐component syntheses of pyrano[3,2‐c]quinolines and spiro‐oxindoles (2017)

A nano‐magnetic core‐shell composite fabricated of a unique zwitterionic chitosan‐derived coating and cobalt ferrite core was found to be a green and reusable heterogeneous catalyst for efficient synthesis of pyrano[3,2‐ c ]quinoline and spiro‐oxindole derivatives in high to excellent yields. Due to having negative charges at its outermost layer and a high magnetization, the catalyst is finely dispersed in ethanol and can be easily separated from reaction mixtures by using a simple external magnet. It is reasonably stable as can be reused several times without appreciable loss of catalytic activity.
Processing of POMC peptides by dermal microvascular endo‐thelial cells: implication for EC biologic functions and skin inflammation (2004)

Dermal microvascular endothelial cells (ECs) are both source and target of the pro‐opiomelanocortin (POMC) peptides ACTH and α‐melanocyte‐stimulating hormone (α‐MSH). The availability of neuropeptides as important modulators of innate and adaptive immune responses is controlled by neuropeptide‐specific peptidases such as neutral endopeptidase (NEP) or angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE). In this study, we have tested the possibility that NEP or ACE expressed by ECs may influence the local bioavailability of POMC peptides. Incubation of ACTH 1−39 with cell membranes prepared from the high NEP‐/low ACE‐expressing microvascular EC line 1 (HMEC‐1) or from low NEP‐/high ACE‐expressing primary human dermal ECs (HDMECs) for 30–480 min resulted in a decrease in ACTH immunoreactivity (IR) over time in membrane supernatants that could be partially blocked with NEP inhibitors as detected by radioimmunoassay. In parallel, α‐MSH IR increased peaking after 60 min. Fragments generated by incubation of HMEC‐1 or HDMEC membranes with ACTH 1−39 , ACHT 1−24 or α‐MSH for 1–120 min were further analysed by mass spectroscopy. HMEC‐1 membranes generated peptide products which could be altered by inhibition of NEP, but not ACE. Likewise, HDMEC membranes fragmented ACTH similar to HMEC‐1 membranes in the presence of NEP inhibitors. Some of the proteins can be assigned to regular proteolytic cleavage, while others seem to be modified. Importantly, HMEC‐1 and HDMEC membranes also slowly degraded α‐MSH, suggesting that EC proteolytic peptidases locally control ACTH/α‐MSH bioavailability, which may be important in controlling cutaneous inflammation.
Supplementary Table 3 from Tumor Microenvironment–Derived Proteins Dominate the Plasma Proteome Response during Breast Cancer Induction and Progression (2023)

Supplementary Table 3 from Tumor Microenvironment–Derived Proteins Dominate the Plasma Proteome Response during Breast Cancer Induction and Progression
ENGINEERING DESIGN OF THE NEW LCLS X-BAND TRANSVERSE DEFLECTING CAVITY* (2013)

This paper describes the engineering design and installation of the new X-band transverse deflecting cavity installed downstream of the FEL undulator at the LCLS. This is a companion submission to the paper “Commissioning the New LCLS X-Band Transverse Deflecting Cavity with Femtosecond Resolution” also presented at this conference. The project dealt with the challenge of installing a new high-power RF system in the undulator tunnel of the LCLS, outside of the linac tunnel itself and its accelerator engineering infrastructure. A description of the system design, installation, alignment, cooling, controls, vacuum, waveguide, low level RF, klystron and modulator systems for the XTCAV is given, with emphasis on achieving the performance goals necessary to achieve femtosecond resolution.
JPL enterprise portal System rRequirements document (SRD), Version 1.0 (2001)

The purpose of this document is to describe the system requirements for an Enterprise Information Portal (EIP) for the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL).
Survey and Control of Synthetic Organics in Texas Water Supplies (1981)

Four Texas water supplies (Lake Somerville, Lake Livingston, Neches River, and Sabine River) were surveyed to determine their tendency to form trihalomethanes when chlorinated. The ability of conventional and innovative treatment processes to reduce the level of trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) in these waters was also investigated. Conventional alum coagulation was studied in a series of jar tests in which the effect of pH and alum dose on removal of THMFP,ultraviolet absorbance (UVA), total organic carbon (TOC), and visible absorbance (VA) was determined. Removal patterns for the more easily measured parameters (UVA, TOC, and VA) were analyzed to determine if they could be used to predict the removal patterns for THMFP. Visible absorbance was used as a surrogate for turbidity. Modification of conventional alum coagulation by addition of acid or base for pH control or by addition of secondary coagulants was studied. A medium molecular weight cationic polymer and activated silica were used in conjunction with alum and as sole coagulants. An innovative treatment process for removal of THMFP was also investigated. In these studies, batch and continuous flow experiments were conducted to evaluate the potential of activated alumina adsorption to remove organics from drinking water.
Obesity activates immunomodulating properties of mesenchymal stem cells in adipose tissue with differences between localizations (2021)

Mesenchymal stem cells from healthy adipose tissue are adipocytes progenitors with immunosuppressive potential that are used for years in cell therapy. Whether adipose stem cells (ASC) may prevent inflammation in early obesity is not known. To address this question, we performed a kinetic study of high-fat (HF) diet induced obesity in mice to follow the immune regulating functions of adipose stem cells (ASC) isolated from the subcutaneous (SAT) and the visceral adipose tissue (VAT). Our results show that, early in obesity and before inflammation was detected, HF diet durably and differently activated ASC from SAT and VAT. Subcutaneous ASC from HF-fed mice strongly inhibited the proliferation of activated T lymphocytes, whereas visceral ASC selectively inhibited TNFα expression by macrophages and simultaneously released higher concentrations of IL6. These depot specific differences may contribute to the low-grade inflammation that develops with obesity in VAT while inflammation in SAT is delayed. The mechanisms involved differ from those already described for naïve cells activation with inflammatory cytokines and probably engaged metabolic activation. These results evidence that adipose stem cells are metabolic sensors acquiring an obesity-primed immunocompetent state in answer to depot-specific intrinsic features with overnutrition, placing these cells ahead of inflammation in the local dialog with immune cells.
High-Resolution Multitransistor Array Recording of Electrical Field Potentials in Cultured Brain Slices (2006)

We report on the recording of electrical activity in cultured hippocampal slices by a multitransistor array (MTA) with 16,384 elements. Time-resolved imaging is achieved with a resolution of 7.8 microm on an area of 1 mm2 at 2 kHz. A read-out of fewer elements allows an enhanced time resolution. Individual transistor signals are caused by local evoked field potentials. They agree with micropipette measurements in amplitude and shape. The spatial continuity of the records provides time-resolved images of evoked field potentials and allows the detection of functional correlations over large distances. As examples, fast propagating waves of presynaptic action potentials are recorded as well as patterns of excitatory postsynaptic potentials across and along cornu ammonis.
Halogen—Metal Exchange/Cyclization of Iodoketones: A Direct Synthesis of 3‐Arylbenzofurans. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access the actual ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A-69 Baseline Predictors of Longitudinal SDMT Performance in Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis (2021)

Abstract Objective More than half of persons with MS (PwMS) experience cognitive difficulties during the course of their illness. However, not everyone develops cognitive problems suggesting a role for important moderating factors. The object of the current study was to identify baseline predictors of cognitive trajectories in PwMS. Methods 680 PwMS completed the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) and a battery of patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures as part their participation in The Comprehensive Longitudinal Investigation of Multiple Sclerosis at Brigham and Women’s Hospital (CLIMB). Each participant had at least 2 SDMT measurements as well as demographic (age, sex), clinical (EDSS, disease duration, course type), and PRO (fatigue, depression, and quality of life) data. Participants had a concurrent brain MRI scan at the time of the baseline SDMT measurement; intracranial cavity (ICC) was calculated for each participant as a proxy of brain reserve. The association between each baseline measure and the longitudinal change in the SDMT over the course of the follow-up period was calculated using a linear mixed effects model. Results Increased baseline age (95% CI: −0.29, −0.06; p = 0.002), increased baseline EDSS (95% CI: −0.24, −0.01; p = 0.037), and decreased baseline ICC (95% CI: 0.02, 0.25; p = 0.023) were each associated with a greater decline in the SDMT score longitudinally. Although most PRO measures were cross-sectionally correlated with SDMT performance, none were associated with longitudinal change. Discussion Older individuals and those with more clinical disability are likely to experience declines in SDMT performance over time. Individuals with high baseline brain reserve tend to have more favorable SDMT trajectories.
Ultrasonic Velocity in Cheddar Cheese as Affected by Temperature (1999)

ABSTRACT The ultrasonic velocity in Cheddar cheese is temperature dependent. This relationship can be used to make corrections when determining ultrasonic texture or to determine mean temperatures in cooling/heating processes. At 0 &lt; T &lt; 35 °C ultrasonic velocity was 1590 to 1696 m/s, at 0 and 35 °C, respectively. Differential Scanning Calorimetry thermograms linked the temperature dependence of ultrasonic velocity to fat melting. Three parts are distinguished in the curve as a consequence of the fat melting and the appearance of free oil. The most reliable temperature interval to carry out ultrasonic measurements in Cheddar cheese is identified as 0 to 17 °C.
Detection of myocardial ischemia with hidden Semi-Markovian models (2009)

International audience
Optimum Design of Rotor Blades for vibration Reduction in Forward Flight (1984)

Modern structural optimization techniques are applied to vibration reduction of helicopter rotor blades in forward flight. The objective function minimized consists of the oscillatory vertical hub shears or the hub rolling moments at one particular advance ratio. The behavior constraints are the frequency placements of the blade and the requirement that aeroelastic stability margins, in hover, remain unaffected by the optimization process. The aeroelastic stability and response analysis is based on a fully coupled flap-lag-torsional analysis of the blade. Numerical results are presented for some typical soft-in-plane hingeless rotor configurations indicating a 15-40 percent reduction in vibration levels, as well as a blade which is 20 percent lighter than the initial design. These results imply that structural optimization techniques can yield substantial practical benefits in the design process of rotor systems.
Estimation of l-malate and fumarate by malic decarboxylase of Lactobacillus arabinosus (1952)

The manometric estimation of L-malate by the malic decarboxylase of Lactobacillu8 arabinosu8 17-5, has been described by As both the bacterial suspensions and the acetone powder extracts used by these workers have fumarase activity, the method measures the sum of malate and fumarate. In the present work, a modification is described whereby L-malate and fumarate are measured separately, and improvements are introduced which are based on the finding that in intact cells the activity of malic decarboxylase is optimal in the presence of glucose, manganous chloride and potassium chloride (Nossal, 1951b). Part of this work has been communicated to the Biochemical Society (Nossal, 1951a).
Biological Durability of Cross-Laminated Timber— The State of Things (2021)

Abstract Cross laminated timber (CLT) is a mass timber product that is gaining popularity in construction within North America. CLT is made up of wood, a building material of biological origin. Therefore, these materials are at a risk of decay upon intrusion of moisture, a situation that could lead to loss of confidence in the material. Ensuring durability and optimum performance of building elements throughout their expected service life will require an understanding of the potential for decay and the possible consequences. This paper reviews the various possibilities of moisture intrusion in CLT, their potential effects on the physical and mechanical properties of CLT, and ultimately the associated biological decay risks. The paper concludes by enumerating variables that are critical and should be evaluated to completely understand decay in CLT panels, stemming from a thorough review of previous studies and methods used to evaluate decay in mass timber.
Fracture strength of two oxide ceramic crown systems after cyclic pre‐loading and thermocycling (2006)

The aim of the present study was to investigate the fracture resistance of zirconia crowns and to compare the results with crowns made of a material with known clinical performance (alumina) in away that reflects clinical aspects. Sixty crowns were made, 30 identical crowns of alumina and 30 of zirconia. Each group of 30 was randomly divided into three groups of 10 crowns that were to undergo different treatments: (i) water storage only, (ii) pre-loading (10 000 cycles, 30-300 N, 1 Hz), (iii) thermocycling (5-55 degrees , 5000 cycles) + pre-loading (10 000 cycles, 30-300 N, 1 Hz). Subsequently, all 60 crowns were subjected to load until fracture occurred. There were two types of fracture: total fracture and partial fracture. Fracture strengths (N) were: group 1, alumina 905/zirconia 975 (P = 0.38); group 2, alumina 904/zirconia 1108 (P < 0.007) and group 3, alumina 917/zirconia 910 (P > 0.05). Total fractures were more frequent in the alumina group (P < 0.01). Within the limitations of this in vitro study, it can be concluded that there is no difference in fracture strength between crowns made with zirconia cores compared with those made of alumina if they are subjected to load without any cyclic pre-load or thermocycling. There is, however, a significant difference (P = 0.01) in the fracture mode, suggesting that the zirconia core is stronger than the alumina core. Crowns made with zirconia cores have significantly higher fracture strengths after pre-loading.