gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Active hyperpolarization of the nuclear spin lattice: Application to hexagonal boron nitride color centers (2023)

The hyperpolarization of nuclear spin ensembles through their interaction with optically active color centers has emerged as a promising technique with applications ranging from sensing and imaging to quantum computation. Here, we investigate the efficiency of this approach for the hyperpolarization of the nuclear-spin bath in a monolayer of hexagonal boron nitride via the optically active boron vacancy centers (${\mathrm{V}}_{\mathrm{B}}$). To that end we design a polarization sequence based on the suitable combination of optical polarization and microwave driving of the ${\mathrm{V}}_{\mathrm{B}}$, which we optimize numerically. To extend our study to realistic systems with a large number of interacting spins, we employ an approximate method based on the Holstein-Primakoff transformation, whose validity we benchmark against exact numerics for small system sizes. Our results suggest that a high-degree of polarization in the boron and nitrogen nuclear-spin lattices is achievable also at room temperature. Our work provides the first step toward the realization of a two-dimensional quantum simulator based on natural nuclear spins and it can prove useful for extending the coherence time of the ${\mathrm{V}}_{\mathrm{B}}$ centers.
A turbulent Eulerian multi-fluid reactive flow model and its application in modelling sorption enhanced steam methane reforming (2011)

A turbulent multi-fluid reactive fluid model is presented in the paper, which is a combination of a kinetic theory granular flow multi-fluid model(Chao et al., 2011) and the reaction kinetics description(Lindborg, 2008). A two dimensional in-house code was developed to simulate the gas-catalyst-sorbent three-phase reactive flow in the sorption enhanced steam methane reforming fluidized bed reactor. In the simulation, Ca-based sorbents and Ni/MgAl2O3 catalysts are used. The simulation results show that a high production of hydrogen in SE-SMR is obtained compared with the conventional SMR process. The increase of the gas fluidization velocity does not affect the purity of the product hydrogen apparently,while it can shorten the time to get to the breakthrough apparently. The increase of the steam/carbon ratio can increase the purity of the product hydrogen. A homogeneous gas temperature distribution is found which is due to the gas, particle turbulent flows and the heat balance of the SMR-CO2 adsorption reactions. These simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results from Johnsen et al. (2006a).
Synthetic Nanoparticles for Vaccines and Immunotherapy (2015)

The immune system plays a critical role in our health. No other component of human physiology plays a decisive role in as diverse an array of maladies, from deadly diseases with which we are all familiar to equally terrible esoteric conditions: HIV, malaria, pneumococcal and influenza infections; cancer; atherosclerosis; autoimmune diseases such as lupus, diabetes, and multiple sclerosis. The importance of understanding the function of the immune system and learning how to modulate immunity to protect against or treat disease thus cannot be overstated. Fortunately, we are entering an exciting era where the science of immunology is defining pathways for the rational manipulation of the immune system at the cellular and molecular level, and this understanding is leading to dramatic advances in the clinic that are transforming the future of medicine.1,2 These initial advances are being made primarily through biologic drugs– recombinant proteins (especially antibodies) or patient-derived cell therapies– but exciting data from preclinical studies suggest that a marriage of approaches based in biotechnology with the materials science and chemistry of nanomaterials, especially nanoparticles, could enable more effective and safer immune engineering strategies. This review will examine these nanoparticle-based strategies to immune modulation in detail, and discuss the promise and outstanding challenges facing the field of immune engineering from a chemical biology/materials engineering perspective
Two hemoglobin genes in Arabidopsis thaliana : The evolutionary origins of leghemoglobins (1997)

We cloned two hemoglobin genes from Arabidopsis thaliana. One gene, AHB1, is related in sequence to the family of nonsymbiotic hemoglobin genes previously identified in a number of plant species (class 1). The second hemoglobin gene, AHB2, represents a class of nonsymbiotic hemoglobin (class 2) related in sequence to the symbiotic hemoglobin genes of legumes and Casuarina. The properties of these two hemoglobins suggest that the two families of nonsymbiotic hemoglobins may differ in function from each other and from the symbiotic hemoglobins. AHB1 is induced, in both roots and rosette leaves, by low oxygen levels. Recombinant AHB1 has an oxygen affinity so high as to make it unlikely to function as an oxygen transporter. AHB2 is expressed at a low level in rosette leaves and is low temperature-inducible. AHB2 protein has a lower affinity for oxygen than AHB1 but is similar to AHB1 in having an unusually low, pH-sensitive oxygen off-rate.
COMPARISON OF SDI, LEPA, AND SPRAY IRRIGATION PERFORMANCE FOR GRAIN SORGHUM (2004)

Subsurface drip irrigation (SDI), low-energy precision application (LEPA), and spray irrigation can be veryefficient by minimizing water losses, but relative performance may vary for different irrigation system capacities, soils, crops,and climates. A three-year study was conducted at Bushland, Texas, in the Southern High Plains to compare SDI, LEPA, andspray irrigation for grain sorghum on a slowly permeable Pullman clay loam soil. Performance measures were grain yield,seed mass, soil water depletion, seasonal water use, water use efficiency (WUE), and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE).Each irrigation method was compared at five irrigation levels: 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of crop evapotranspiration.The irrigation levels simulated varying well capacities typically found in the region and dryland conditions. In all three years,SDI had greater yield, WUE, and IWUE than other irrigation methods at the 50% irrigation level and especially at the 25%level, whereas spray outperformed SDI and LEPA at the 75% and 100% levels. Differences in seed mass, soil water depletion,and seasonal water use were usually insignificant at the 25% and 50% levels and inconsistent at the 75% and 100% levels.Performance was most sensitive to irrigation level, then year, and then irrigation method, although relative rankings ofperformance for each irrigation method within an irrigation level were consistent across years. For this climate and soil, SDIoffers the greatest potential yield, WUE, and IWUE for grain sorghum when irrigation capacities are very low.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Cellulite Depressed Lesions Successfully Treated by Subcision (2016)

Hexsel, Doris MD; Dal´Forno, Taciana MD, PhD; Hexsel, Camile MD; Schilling-Souza, Juliana Pharm; Naspolini Bastos, Fernanda MD; Siega, Carolina BSc; Dal´Forno, Taciana MD, PhD; Hexsel, Camile MD; Naspolini Bastos, Fernanda MD Author Information
Integrating gene expression profiling into NCCN high-risk cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma management recommendations: impact on patient management (2020)

<b>Objective:</b> To integrate gene expression profiling into the management of high-risk cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) within the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines to improve risk-aligned management recommendations.<b>Methods:</b> A cohort of 300 NCCN-defined high-risk cSCC patients, along with the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) T stage, Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH) T stage, and known patient outcomes were analyzed. Risk classifications using a validated 40-gene expression profile (40-GEP) test and T stage were applied to NCCN patient management guidelines. Risk-directed patient management recommendations within the NCCN guidelines framework were aligned based on risk for metastasis.<b>Results:</b> Of the 300 NCCN high-risk cSCC patients, 159 (53.0%) were 40-GEP Class 1 and AJCC T1-T2, and 173 (57.7%) were Class 1 and BWH T1-2a, indicating low risk for metastasis and, thereby, suggesting low management intensity. The 40-GEP integration suggested high intensity management for only 24 (8.0%) patients (all Class 2B), and moderate intensity management for the remainder of the cohort.<b>Conclusions:</b> The 40-GEP test can be integrated within existing NCCN guideline recommendations for managing cSCC patients to help refine risk-directed management decisions. Integration of the 40-GEP test would allow >50% of this NCCN-defined high-risk cohort to be managed with the lowest intensity recommendations within the broad NCCN guidelines. High intensity management was deemed risk-appropriate for a small subpopulation (8.0%). This study demonstrates that the 40-GEP test, in combination with T stage, has clinical utility to impact patient management decisions in NCCN high-risk cSCC for improving risk-aligned management within the NCCN guidelines framework.
A randomized, multiple-dose parallel study to compare the pharmacokinetic parameters of synthetic conjugated estrogens, A, administered as oral tablet or vaginal cream (2010)

After intravaginal application of SCE-A vaginal cream, absorption of estrogens was lower compared with absorption after oral administration. At steady state, the systemic exposure of equilin, estradiol, and estrone was significantly lower after twice-weekly administration of 1 g SCE-A vaginal cream compared with that achieved with an oral daily dose of a 0.3 mg SCE-A tablet.
The inhomogeneity issue for X-ray lasers (1993)

Summary form only given. Temperature and density homogeneity along X-ray laser line plasmas is important for the optimization of the gain. Irradiation nonuniformities are usually present in experiments and produce large-scale inhomogeneities in the plasma emission along the amplification axis. The authors have investigated the evolution of such inhomogeneities on Ne-like Ge line plasmas and their effect on the gain with a space- and time-resolved monochromatic imaging technique, for both uniform and nonuniform laser irradiation. In particular, they have studied 3d-3p lasing at 199 /spl Aring/ and the quadrupole E2 (8.031 /spl Aring/) and dipole 3A (8.371 /spl Aring/) line emissions originating from its upper and lower states, respectively.
Action Recognition: First-and Second-Order 3D Feature in Bi-Directional Attention Network (2018)

This paper considers a 3D convolutional neural network (CNN) that learns spatial and temporal regions of higher importance through a bi-direction long short-term memory (bi-LSTM) attention for action recognition. First- and second-order differences of spatially most relevant C3D features (sp-m-C3D) are obtained, and the concatenation of the two differences with the sp-m-C3D is used to generate a temporal attention on the sp-m-C3D using a bi-LSTM. Temporally most relevant sp-m-C3D features are fed into another bi-LSTM for action recognition. Essentially, the network learns spatial and temporal regions of high importance for action recognition. We evaluate the network on two public action recognition datasets: UCF-101 (YouTube Action) and HMDB51. The proposed network performs better compared to other state-of-the-art networks.
Incidence of Dermatomyositis and Clinically Amyopathic Dermatomyositis (2010)

Dermatomyositis is a rare disease, and clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis represents an estimated 20% of all dermatomyositis cases. Larger population-based studies are needed to estimate the risk of malignancy associated with subtypes of dermatomyositis, particularly clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis.
Green tea catechins as brain‐permeable, natural iron chelators‐antioxidants for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders (2006)

Neurodegeneration in Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, or other neurodegenerative diseases appears to be multifactorial, where a complex set of toxic reactions, including oxidative stress (OS), inflammation, reduced expression of trophic factors, and accumulation of protein aggregates, lead to the demise of neurons. One of the prominent pathological features is the abnormal accumulation of iron on top of the dying neurons and in the surrounding microglia. The capacity of free iron to enhance and promote the generation of toxic reactive oxygen radicals has been discussed numerous times. The observations that iron induces aggregation of inert alpha-synuclein and beta-amyloid peptides to toxic aggregates have reinforced the critical role of iron in OS-induced pathogenesis of neurodegeneration, supporting the notion that a combination of iron chelation and antioxidant therapy may be one significant approach for neuroprotection. Tea flavonoids (catechins) have been reported to possess divalent metal chelating, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities, to penetrate the brain barrier and to protect neuronal death in a wide array of cellular and animal models of neurological diseases. This review aims to shed light on the multipharmacological neuroprotective activities of green tea catechins with special emphasis on their brain-permeable, nontoxic, transitional metal (iron and copper)-chelatable/radical scavenger properties.
Toward New 2D Zirconium-Based Metal–Organic Frameworks: Synthesis, Structures, and Electronic Properties (2019)

Nowadays, zirconium metal–organic frameworks attract more attention because of their robustness and their easier predictability in terms of topology. Herein, we have been able to control synthetic parameters in order to construct two new 2D MOFs with the same sql topology. Both materials, ACM-10 and ACM-11, have been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and UV–vis spectroscopy. Their textural, electrochemical, and conductivity properties are presented along with the opportunities that these new topologically interesting scaffolds offer for the design of new structures.
Prevalence of Mastitis Pathogens and Their Resistance Against Antimicrobial Agents in Dairy Cows in Brandenburg, Germany (2006)

The primary objective of this study was to determine management practices concerning mastitis in Brandenburg, Germany, the prevalence of mastitis pathogens in dairy cows, and their resistance to selected antimicrobial agents. A further objective was to study the potential effect of parity and stage of lactation on the resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolates against ampicillin. Milk samples for microbiological culture were collected from 4 groups of clinically healthy cows (first lactation, >1 lactation, >50 d in milk, and >250 d in milk; 8 cows/group) in 80 dairy herds. Resistance of gram-positive pathogens against 6 antimicrobial agents was tested using the broth microdilution method. Mastitis pathogens were isolated from 26.4% of the milk samples. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS, 9.1% of quarters) and Corynebacterium bovis (7.3%) were the pathogens most frequently isolated. Among the major pathogens, Staph. aureus (5.7%) and Streptococcus uberis (1.0%) had the highest prevalence. Streptococcus agalactiae was isolated in samples from 29% of the herds. Although the prevalence of most pathogens was higher in older cows, the prevalence of CNS was higher in primiparous cows. Results of the mastitis control questionnaire showed that cows with clinical mastitis were transferred to a sick cow pen in 70% of the herds. Cephalosporins were the drug of first choice for treatment of clinical mastitis cases followed by fixed combinations of antimicrobial agents, beta-lactamase-resistant penicillins, and penicillin. Most farmers treated cows 3 to 4 times per case. Cloxacillin, alone or in combination, and penicillin were most often used for dry-cow therapy. Antimicrobial resistance of the pathogens was within the range of other reports. Resistance of Staph. aureus to ampicillin increased significantly during the first lactation. Further research is required to determine the factors that lead to the selection of Staph. aureus strains that are resistant to ampicillin during the first lactation.
Towards grid enabled information retrieval (2004)

Our reserch aims to further our understanding of Information Retrieval for management of knowledge within the Grid environment. We do so by developing a search and categorisation toolkit which utilises Grid services for IR. A novel grid enabled IR services based workflow model is proposed and detailed that describes the interaction and orchestration between core IR functionalities and Grid services.
Magneto-immunocapture with on-bead fluorescent labeling of amyloid-β peptides: towards a microfluidized-bed-based operation (2015)

A new sample treatment approach for sensitive determination of three amyloid-β peptides (Aβ 1-42, Aβ 1-40 and Aβ 1-38) with capillary electrophoresis coupled with laser induced fluorescent detection is reported herein. These Aβ peptides are considered an important family of biomarkers in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Due to their extremely low abundance in CSF (down to sub nM ranges), batch-wise preconcentration via magneto-immunocapture with enrichment factors up to 100 was implemented. The Aβ peptides were first captured onto magnetic micro-beads. Then, on-beads fluorescent labeling of the captured Aβ peptides were carried out to avoid the unwanted presence of extra fluorescent dye in the eluent as in the case of in-solution labeling. Finally thermal elution was performed and eluted labeled peptides were analyzed off line with CE-LIF. The Aβ-capturing efficiencies of different commercially available antibodies grafted onto magnetic beads were tested. Aβ peptides in CSF samples collected from AD's patients and healthy persons (used as controls) were measured and evaluated. As a proof of concept, the developed strategy was adapted into a miniaturized fluidized bed configuration that has the potential for coupling with a microchip separation system.
Steady‐state population pharmacokinetics of sustained release theophylline in adult asthmatic patients (1991)

The steady-state population pharmacokinetics of theophylline were studied in 52 asthmatic adult patients who received sustained-release theophylline as armophylline or euphylline. A total of 92 steady-state plasma theophylline concentration-dosage pairs were analyzed using a nonlinear mixed effects model. The pharmacokinetic model used was a one-compartment open model with single path Michaelis-Menten elimination. Dosage was adjusted to body weight. The effects of age, gender, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, dosage form, concurrent treatment with beta-agonists or steroids, outpatient dosing, and plasma caffeine concentration on maximum elimination rate (Vm) and Michaelis constant for theophylline metabolism (Km) were investigated. Hypothesis testing produced a final model in which Km = 0.42 (mg/l), and Vm (mg/kg per day) was based on cigarette smoking and dosage form, with Vm = 7.54 + 2.01 (smoking) + 1.08 (euphylline). Estimated coefficients of variation for interindividual variability in Km and Vm were 162.6% and 48.1%, respectively. Residual variability in dosage rates was estimated as 0.90 mg/kg per day. The identification of factors influencing theophylline disposition should prove useful for the a priori design of theophylline dosage regimens and monitoring of drug levels during therapy.
Dual-band absorber for multispectral plasmon-enhanced infrared photodetection (2016)

For most of the reported metamaterial absorbers, the peak absorption only occurs at one single wavelength.Here, we investigated a dual-band absorber which is based on simple gold nano-rings.Two absorption peaks can be readily achieved in 3-5 μm and 8-14 μm via tuning the width and radius of gold nano-rings and dielectric constant.The average maximum absorption of two bands can be as high as 95.1% (-0.22 dB).Based on the simulation results, the perfect absorber with nano-rings demonstrates great flexibility to create dual-band or triple-band absorption, and thus holds potential for further applications in thermophotovoltaics, multicolor infrared focal plane arrays, optical filters, and biological sensing applications.
Monitoring of the Zeta Potential of Human Cells upon Reduction in Their Viability and Interaction with Polymers (2012)

The dynamic light scattering (DLS) technique was applied in order to assess the zeta potential of the plasma membrane of human cells. At pH 7.4, the cell zeta potential for different types of cells showed variations over a wide range and was equal to -19.4 ± 0.8 mV for HeLa cells and -31.8 ± 1.1 mV for erythrocytes. The difference could presumably be attributed to the differences in the biochemical composition of the cell plasma membrane. As a result of the heating of HeLa cells, the zeta potential shifted towards more negative voltages by 4.2 mV. An increase in the zeta potential correlated with an increase in the content of phosphatidylserine on the cell surface, which is considered to be an early marker of apoptosis. The DLS technique was also used to study the interactions between the cells and membranotropic polymers, such as polycations and nonionogenic Pluronic L121.
Synthesis of Purine-6-carboxaldehyde and Related Derivatives1 (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of Purine-6-carboxaldehyde and Related Derivatives1Alfredo Giner-Sorolla, Isaac Zimmerman, and Aaron BendichCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1959, 81, 10, 2515–2521Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01519a055https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01519a055research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views278Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts