gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Permutation Polynomial Interleavers: An Algebraic-Geometric Perspective (2007)

An interleaver is a critical component for the channel coding performance of turbo codes. Algebraic constructions are important because they admit analytical designs and simple, practical hardware implementation. The spread factor of an interleaver is a common measure for turbo coding applications. Maximum-spread interleavers are interleavers whose spread factors achieve the upper bound. An infinite sequence of quadratic PPs over integer rings that generate maximum-spread interleavers is presented. New properties of PP interleavers are investigated from an algebraic-geometric perspective resulting in a new non- linearity metric for interleavers. A new interleaver metric that is a function of both the nonlinearity metric and the spread factor is proposed. It is numerically demonstrated that the spread factor has a diminishing importance with the block length. A table of good interleavers for a variety of interleaver lengths according to the new metric is listed. Extensive computer simulation results with impressive frame error rates confirm the efficacy of the new metric. Further, when tail-biting constituent codes are used, the resulting turbo codes are quasi-cyclic.
Alkynyl Prins and Alkynyl Aza-Prins Annulations: Scope and Synthetic Applications (2020)

This review focuses on alkynyl Prins and alkynyl aza-Prins cyclization­ processes, which involve intramolecular coupling of an alkyne with either an oxocarbenium or iminium electrophile. The oxocarbenium or iminium species can be generated through condensation- or elimination-type processes, to achieve an overall bimolecular annulation that enables the synthesis of both oxygen- and nitrogen-containing­ saturated heterocycles with different ring sizes and substitution patterns. Also discussed are cascade processes in which alkynyl Prins heterocyclic adducts react to trigger subsequent pericyclic reactions, including [4+2] cycloadditions and Nazarov electrocyclizations, to rapidly construct complex small molecules. Finally, examples of the use of alkynyl Prins and alkynyl aza-Prins reactions in the synthesis of natural products are described. The review covers the literature through the end of 2019. 1 Introduction 1.1 Alkyne-Carbonyl Coupling Pathways 1.2 Coupling/Cyclization Cascades Using the Alkynyl Prins Reaction 2 Alkynyl Prins Annulation (Oxocarbenium Electrophiles) 2.1 Early Work 2.2 Halide as Terminal Nucleophile 2.3 Oxygen as Terminal Nucleophile 2.4 Arene as Terminal Nucleophile (Intermolecular) 2.5 Arene Terminal Nucleophile (Intramolecular) 2.6 Cyclizations Terminated by Elimination 3 Synthetic Utility of Alkynyl Prins Annulation 3.1 Alkynyl Prins-Mediated Synthesis of Dienes for a [4+2] Cyclo­- addition­-Oxidation Sequence 3.2 Alkynyl Prins Cyclization Adducts as Nazarov Cyclization Precursors 3.3 Alkynyl Prins Cyclization in Natural Product Synthesis 4 Alkynyl Aza-Prins Annulation 4.1 Iminium Electrophiles 4.2 Activated Iminium Electrophiles 5 Alkynyl Aza-Prins Cyclizations in Natural Product Synthesis 6 Summary and Outlook
Culture microtitration: a sensitive method for quantifying Leishmania infantum in tissues of infected mice (1995)

We developed a microtitration method to determine the parasite burdens in homogenized organs of mice infected with Leishmania infantum. This method proved more sensitive than direct enumeration of amastigotes in stained organs, was appropriate for describing the kinetics of infection, and can be considered for physiopathological or pharmaceutical experimental studies.
A system for summarizing and visualizing arguments in subjective documents (2006)

On the World Wide Web, the volume of subjective information, such as opinions and reviews, has been increasing rapidly. The trends and rules latent in a large set of subjective descriptions can potentially be useful for decision-making purposes. In this paper, we propose a method for summarizing subjective descriptions, specifically opinions in Japanese. We visualize the pro and con arguments for a target topic, such as "Should Japan introduce the summertime system?" Users can summarize the arguments about the topic in order to choose a more reasonable standpoint for decision making. We evaluate our system, called "OpinionReader", experimentally.
A COMPARISON OF THREE INSTRUMENTAL TECHNIQUES TO EVALUATE BUTTER SPREADABILITY (1989)

ABSTRACT Three instrumental techniques, cone penetrometry, probe penetration and Instron TPA, were compared as means to describe butter spreadability. A factorial experiment was set up to examine the consistency of winter and summer butter, mechanically worked and unworked, before and after storage and at two measurement temperatures, 5° C and 15° C. Probe penetration provided useful information on the relaxation behavior of butter, as well as contributing to the fundamental knowledge of butter structure. The Instron TPA has the advantage of a link with an internationally recognized system of texture analysis. The technique was also found to show greatest potential as a method to assess the effectiveness of mechanical treatment of butter. Cone penetrometry results were converted to yield values and in conjunction with Haighton's ready reckoner scale of assessment provided a simple and rapid method to describe butter spreadability.
Significance of MRI in the treatment of perianal fistula. (2009)

Results are preliminary, we continue in prospective analysis. MRI may be useful for successful treatment by correct assessment of the extent of disease. It is necessary to consider cost-effectiveness when indicating MRI (Tab. 6, Fig. 3, Ref. 11). Full Text (Free, PDF) www.bmj.sk.
Thiol–Yne Chemistry: A Powerful Tool for Creating Highly Functional Materials (2010)

Branching out: Thiol–yne chemistry is emerging as new tool for polymer chemists, as it represents a unique and efficient coupling procedure to create highly branched structures (see scheme). This method can be used to prepare highly functional dendrimers and hyperbranched polymers.
Connecting Representations: Using Predict, Check, Explain (2016)

Although educators agree that making connections with the real world, as advocated by Principles to Actions: Ensuring Mathematical Success for All (NCTM 2014), is important, making such connections while addressing important mathematics is elusive. We have found, however, that math content coupled with the instructional strategy of predict, check, explain can bridge such real-world contexts. In so doing, this procedure supports the research-informed teaching practices of using evidence of student thinking and aiding meaningful mathematical discussion.
BASES POUR UN SYSTEME UNIFIE DE DIMENSIONNEMENT DE STRUCTURES BETON ARME-BETON PRECONTRAINT (1985)

ON PRESENTE ICI LES BASES D'UNE METHODOLOGIE CONJOINTE POUR LE DIMENSIONNEMENT DE STRUCTURES EN BETON ARME ET PRECONTRAINT. SON ENONCE OFFRE LES ORIGINALITES SUIVANTES: A) LA HAUTEUR DE LA SECTION N'EST PAS FIXEE A PRIORI MAIS EST MAINTENUE COMME UNE INCONNUE DE PLUS A DEFINIR, PUISQU'ELLE EST INTERACTIVE AVEC LES AUTRES PARAMETRES; B) L'ETUDE S'EFFECTUE AU NIVEAU STRUCTUREL, SANS FIXER A PRIORI L'ETAT LIMITE AUQUEL EST SOUMIS CHAQUE SECTION; C) LE TRAITEMENT DES STRUCTURES, QU'ELLES SOIENT EN BETON ARME OU EN BETON PRECONTRAINT, EST HOMOGENE. PARMI LES CONCLUSIONS DE L'ETUDE ON INDIQUE QUE CETTE OPTIQUE PEUT PERMETTRE UN DIMENSIONNEMENT PLUS PRECIS ET DONNANT, DANS L'ETAPE DE DIMENSIONNEMENT, L'ETAT LIMITE DONT DEPEND LE PLUS CHACUNE DES SECTIONS CRITIQUES. (VOIR FICHE GENERALE 120730 ET DETAILLEES DIRR 120731 A 120758).
Monte Carlo simulations of optical human sinusitis diagnostics (2007)

We investigate the feasibility of using diode laser gas spectroscopy for sinusitis diagnostics. We simulate light propagation using the Monte Carlo concept, as implemented by the Advanced Systems Analysis Program (ASAPTM) software. Simulations and experimental data are compared for a model based on two scattering bodies representing human tissue, with an air gap in-between representing the sinus cavity. Simulations are also performed to investigate the detection geometries used in the experiments, as well as the influence of the optical properties of the scattering bodies. Finally, we explore the possibility of performing imaging measurements of the sinuses. Results suggest that a diagnostic technique complementary to already existing ones could be developed.
Validating Fitbit Zip for monitoring physical activity of children in school: a cross-sectional study (2018)

In general, the Fitbit Zip can be considered a relatively accurate device for measuring the number of steps, MVPA and sedentary time in students in a school-setting. However, in segments where sedentary time dominates (e.g. academic classes), a research-grade accelerometer should be preferred.
Monoamine Metabolites in CSF and Suicidal Behavior (1981)

Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of the monoamine metabolites 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), homovanillic acid (HVA), and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl glycol (MHPG) were measured in 30 psychiatric patients who had attempted suicide and 45 healthy volunteers. The suicide attempters had a significantly lower CSF 5-HIAA level than the controls, especially those who had made more violent attempts. After adjustment for differences in body height and age between controls and patients, the difference in 5-HIAA level became even more marked. Concentrations of 5-HIAA also were lower than normal in suicidal patients who were not diagnosed as depressed at the time of lumbar puncture, while HVA levels were lowered only in the depressives. A follow-up study of these and 89 more patients (depressed and/or suicidal) revealed a 20% mortality by suicide within a year after lumbar puncture in patients with a CSF-HIAA level below the median.
Non-Parametric Statistical Tests (2018)

Chapter 10 introduces the most commonly used non-parametric tests, as well as the appropriate situations for their use. It also examines concepts of sample size, power, and validity when using these tests. In addition, this chapter discusses the major advantages and disadvantages of non-parametric tests, and how they compare to their optimal parametric alternatives. A brief theoretical explanation is provided for the main non-parametric tests, including Wilcoxon Sign Rank, Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-Wallis. However, the main goal of this chapter is to provide a summary of how to use them correctly. Additionally, the reader will learn how to perform and interpret the output for these tests in statistical softwares (STATA and SPSS).
Exploring RNN-Transducer for Chinese Speech Recognition (2018)

End-to-end approaches have drawn much attention recently for significantly simplifying the construction of an automatic speech recognition (ASR) system. RNN transducer (RNN-T) is one of the popular end-to-end methods. Previous studies have shown that RNN-T is difficult to train and a very complex training process is needed for a reasonable performance. In this paper, we explore RNN-T for a Chinese large vocabulary continuous speech recognition (LVCSR) task and aim to simplify the training process while maintaining performance. First, a new strategy of learning rate decay is proposed to accelerate the model convergence. Second, we find that adding convolutional layers at the beginning of the network and using ordered data can discard the pre-training process of the encoder without loss of performance. Besides, we design experiments to find a balance among the usage of GPU memory, training circle and model performance. Finally, we achieve 16.9% character error rate (CER) on our test set which is 2% absolute improvement from a strong BLSTM CE system with language model trained on the same text corpus.
Receiver comparison for a non-repeatable earthquake source on a low-frequency seismic reflection experiment (2012)

CREWES, in conjunction with Husky Energy, Geokinetics, INOVA and Nanometrics, conducted a low-frequency 2D seismic experiment near Hussar, Alberta, Canada, in September of 2011. The purpose of the experiment was to study acquisition of low-frequency data in order to improve inversion results. Sources included three different Vibroseis units, and dynamite. Receivers on the ground were ION-sensor SM-7 10 Hz 3C geophones at 10 m station spacing, VectorSeis 3-C accelerometers at 10 m spacing, Sunfull 4.5 Hz 1C geophones at 20 m spacing, a partial line of SM-24 10 Hz high-sensitivity geophones at 20 m spacing, and Nanometrics compact broadband seismometers at 200 m spacing. Total receiver line length was 4.5 kilometers. On the last day of acquisition, a magnitude 6.3 earthquake occurred offshore Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada, approximately 1050 kilometers from the test line. The predominant frequency of earthquake arrivals was about 0.4 Hz, which is well out of the frequency range of 4.5 and 10 Hz geophones. However, the earthquake was recorded by all sensors that were part of the low-frequency experiment, and after correcting the data for geophone response, it is clear that data less than 1 Hz can be recorded on these geophones, for a sufficiently energetic source.
Fire Performance of Reinforced Concrete Columns Based on Eurocode 2 (2018)

First Name is required invalid characters Last Name is required invalid characters Email Address is required Invalid Email Address Invalid Email Address
DMMRA: Dynamic medical machine for remote areas (2017)

In the present scenario, a patient has to go to the hospital to take necessary tests, consult a doctor, and to buy prescribed medicines. Precious time is wasted at hospitals and in medical shops. The obstacles in the present scenario can be overcome by the ATM Medical Machine (AMM). The purpose of AMM is to establish a Tele Medicine Conference System for use in remote areas, by both distinguished doctors and patients. The AMM machine is installed in rural areas for better diagnosis and medical treatment for the rural people who cannot get good doctors on track. We connected the Heart Beat Sensor, Temperature Sensor, Ultrasonic Sensor, Load Cell, Camera and Headphone to the Medical Machine. The application is installed at both the ends for enabling voice communication with the doctor. The doctor examines the patient, prescribes medicines and the AMM machine dispatches tablets to the patient. Medicines are updated in the server. The patient can send a request to the server for tablet intake timings, and an android-based reminder and notification is also sent to the patient's mobile regarding tablet intake timings.
A patient with chronic active hepatitis B who lost serum HBsAg spontaneously accompanied by histological healing. (1993)

12年間の経過観察中にHBs抗原が自然陰性化し治癒したと考えられるB型慢性活動性肝炎の1例を報告する.症例は29歳,男性.肝機能悪化時の1979年3月21日の肝組織像は慢性肝炎活動型を示した.その後肝機能は1981年8月に完全に正常化し,HBs抗原は1982年9月にはr-PHA法にて陰性化した.1983年6月14日の肝組織像はnon-specific changeであった.1985年4月17日にはHBs抗原はRIA法にても陰性化し,1987年8月12日の肝組織像もnonspecific changeで,慢性肝炎の所見は認めなかった,この後も肝機能は全く正常,HBs抗原は陰性,HBs抗体も出現した.A型肝炎,C型肝炎の重感染,薬剤の関与は否定的であった.HBs 抗原消失例として,背景因子,経過は典型的であった.これらより,本症例はHBs抗原の自然 消失例で,B型慢性活動性肝炎の自然治癒例と考えられた.HBs抗原消失後の肝組織像の改善 にはB型肝炎ウイルスの陰性化が関連していることが推察された.
27 Random Numbers (2003)

27.1 The RandomGen class, and the StdGen generator 236 27.2 The Random class 239 27.3 The global random number generator 240
Global Features of Neural Activity in the Olfactory System Form a Parallel Code That Predicts Olfactory Behavior and Perception (2010)

Odor identity is coded in spatiotemporal patterns of neural activity in the olfactory bulb. Here we asked whether meaningful olfactory information could also be read from the global olfactory neural population response. We applied standard statistical methods of dimensionality-reduction to neural activity from 12 previously published studies using seven different species. Four studies reported olfactory receptor activity, seven reported glomerulus activity, and one reported the activity of projection-neurons. We found two linear axes of neural population activity that accounted for more than half of the variance in neural response across species. The first axis was correlated with the total sum of odor-induced neural activity, and reflected the behavior of approach or withdrawal in animals, and odorant pleasantness in humans. The second and orthogonal axis reflected odorant toxicity across species. We conclude that in parallel with spatiotemporal pattern coding, the olfactory system can use simple global computations to read vital olfactory information from the neural population response.
Effects of Metalloporphyrins on Heme Oxygenase-1 Transcription: Correlative Cell Culture Assays Guide in Vivo Imaging (2003)

Heme oxygenase (HO) is the rate-limiting step in the heme degradation pathway and is a potential target for the control, or prevention, of pathologic jaundice in neonates. Metalloporphyrins (Mps), a diverse set of synthetic derivatives of heme, can competitively inhibit the HO enzymes. However, certain Mps are phototoxic and some increase transcription of HO-1, the inducible HO isozyme. Therefore, effective development of this class of compounds as therapeutics for treating pathologic jaundice will require rapid and integrated biological screens to identify the most efficacious and safe Mps. To study the safety of these compounds, we assessed their cytotoxic effects and measured luciferase activity by bioluminescent imaging (BLI) as an index of HO-1 transcription, first in live cell cultures and then in living transgenic reporter mice. A total of 12 Mps were first evaluated in the correlative cell culture assay. Based on results from this study, 2 Mps, zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP) and zinc bis glycol porphyrin (ZnBG), were selected for further studies in the live animal model. In vitro BLI showed ZnPP to be a strong inducer of HO-1 transcription in comparison to ZnBG, which showed minimal induction. Cytotoxicity studies revealed that ZnPP was phototoxic, whereas ZnBG had no effect on cell viability. In vivo BLI showed that both ZnPP and ZnBG had minimal effects on the levels of HO-1 transcription in the animals. Furthermore, serum enzyme assays indicated that neither caused detectable liver toxicity. These findings, and especially those with ZnBG, support the use of selected Mps as therapies for pathologic jaundice. Coupling the high throughput advantage of cell culture with the capability of imaging for whole-body temporal analyses could accelerate and refine the preclinical phases of drug development. Thus, this study serves as a model for understanding the effects of specific compounds in relation to defined targets using an integrated approach.
Inference and Learning in Hybrid Bayesian Networks (1998)

We survey the literature on methods for inference and learning in Bayesian Networks composed of discrete and continuous nodes, in which the continuous nodes have a multivariate Gaussian distribution, whose mean and variance depends on the values of the discrete nodes. We also briefly consider hybrid Dynamic Bayesian Networks, an extension of switching Kalman filters. This report is meant to summarize what is known at a sufficient level of detail to enable someone to implement the algorithms, but without dwelling on formalities. 1 1 Introduction We discuss Bayesian networks (BNs [Jen96]) in which each node is either discrete or continuous, scalar or vector-valued, and in which the joint distribution over all the nodes is Conditional Gaussian (CG) [LW89, Lau92] i.e., for each instantiation i of the discrete nodes Y, the distribution over the continuous nodes X has the form f(xjY = i) = N (x; ~¯(i); \\Sigma(i)), where N () represents a multivariate Gaussian (MVG) or Normal density. (Note...
Characterizing and Adapting to the Structure of Millimeter Wave Channel Covariance Matrices (2018)

We consider the classical estimation-theoretic frame-work of a channel estimation phase followed by a data transmission phase for a class of widely-used millimeter wave (mmW) channel models. We derive the structure of optimal transmissions/sounding beams during the channel estimation phase and show that this structure depends on the transmit covariance matrix of the channel. To further understand this structure, we derive exact and approximate expressions for the transmit and receive covariance matrices of the channel. We conclude the paper with numerical studies on the accuracy of our approximations and apply the results of our analysis to the problem of the energy trade-off between the channel estimation and data transmission phases.
Variability in Discharge Disposition Across US Trauma Centers After Treatment for High-Energy Lower Extremity Injuries (2019)

Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Yessotoxins, a Group of Marine Polyether Toxins: an Overview (2008)

Yessotoxin (YTX) is a marine polyether toxin that was first isolated in 1986 from the scallop Patinopecten yessoensis. Subsequently, it was reported that YTX is produced by the dinoflagellates Protoceratium reticulatum, Lingulodinium polyedrum and Gonyaulax spinifera. YTXs have been associated with diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) because they are often simultaneously extracted with DSP toxins, and give positive results when tested in the conventional mouse bioassay for DSP toxins. However, recent evidence suggests that YTXs should be excluded from the DSP toxins group, because unlike okadaic acid (OA) and dinophyisistoxin-1 (DTX-1), YTXs do not cause either diarrhea or inhibition of protein phosphatases . In spite of the increasing number of molecular studies focused on the toxicity of YTX, the precise mechanism of action is currently unknown. Since the discovery of YTX, almost forty new analogues isolated from both mussels and dinoflagellates have been characterized by NMR or LC-MS/MS techniques. These studies indicate a wide variability in the profile and the relative abundance of YTXs in both, bivalves and dinoflagellates. This review covers current knowledge on the origin, producer organisms and vectors, chemical structures, metabolism, biosynthetic origin, toxicological properties, potential risks to human health and advances in detection methods of YTXs.
Observations of Development of Resistance to Detachment of Cultured Bovine Bronchial Epithelial Cells in Response to Protease Treatment (1992)

Protease injury of the bronchial epithelium may play an important role in the pathogenesis of many airway diseases including asthma and chronic bronchitis. We hypothesized that neutrophil elastase can cause significant injury to the bronchial epithelium leading to detachment of bronchial epithelial cells. This detachment might be prevented if elastase is released into the airway lumen and the bronchial epithelium forms a barrier preventing access to the basal attachment sites. To assess this, the detachment of bronchial epithelial cells by elastase from extracellular matrix was measured. An increase in the resistance to detachment with time in culture was observed. The resistance to detachment was confirmed in bronchial epithelial cells, which were grown to electrically resistant monolayers on millipore filters and exposed to trypsin and elastase applied to both the apical and basal surfaces. Significantly greater detachment occurred when the proteases were applied at the basal surface versus the apical surface. Injury to the bronchial epithelium may enhance the proteolytic effect on the epithelium by disrupting epithelial barrier function. This was tested by exposing bronchial epithelial cell cultures to cigarette smoke extract before exposure to trypsin and elastase. The detachment of the bronchial epithelial cells exposed on the apical surface was increased greatly after smoke exposure. These data suggest that an intact bronchial epithelium can act as a barrier against proteolytic injury. Such a mechanism might protect the airway epithelium during intraluminal inflammation, and, if defective, might potentiate cigarette smoke-induced airway injury.