gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of nuclear tau isoforms in human neuroblastoma cells. (1990)

The tau proteins have been reported only in association with microtubules and with ribosomes in situ, in the normal central nervous system. In addition, tau has been shown to be an integral component of paired helical filaments, the principal constituent of the neurofibrillary tangles found in brains of patients with Alzheimer disease and of most aged individuals with Down syndrome (trisomy 21). We report here the localization of the well-characterized Tau-1 monoclonal antibody to the nucleolar organizer regions of the acrocentric chromosomes and to their interphase counterpart, the fibrillar component of the nucleolus, in human neuroblastoma cells. Similar localization to the nucleolar organizer regions was also observed in other human cell lines and in one monkey kidney cell line but was not seen in non-primate species. Immunochemically, we further demonstrate the existence of the entire tau molecule in the isolated nuclei of neuroblastoma cells. Nuclear tau proteins, like the tau proteins of the paired helical filaments, cannot be extracted in standard SDS-containing electrophoresis sample buffer but require pretreatment with formic acid prior to immunoblot analysis. This work indicates that tau may function in processes not directly associated with microtubules and that highly insoluble complexes of tau may also play a role in normal cellular physiology.
Evidence-based review: fixed-combination therapy and topical retinoids in the treatment of acne. (2011)

Topical fixed-combination products and topical retinoid monotherapy are established first-line treatments for mild-to-moderate acne vulgaris, yet adequate comparative data are lacking. The following evidence-based review addresses the question: "In patients with mild-to-moderate acne, are topical fixed-combination products or topical retinoids a more efficacious choice in reducing noninflammatory, inflammatory and total lesions after 12 weeks of treatment?" To identify relevant studies, a PubMed search was performed using "acne" and search terms for adapalene, tretinoin, tazarotene, benzoyl peroxide, clindamycin, or erythromycin. Forty-two studies from January 1991 to November 2009 were included. The studies were evaluated using the Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy, and all but seven received the highest level of evidence grade. To evaluate efficacy, a side-by-side comparison was made using reduction in acne lesion counts at week 12 for study groups treated with fixed-combination therapy or retinoid monotherapy. Twenty-nine studies containing relevant efficacy data for fixed-combination therapy and retinoid monotherapy are summarized here. Nine studies compared fixed-combination therapy with retinoid monotherapy; in eight of these studies, fixed-combination therapy was significantly more efficacious in reducing acne lesion counts. This evidence-based review analyzes clinical evidence to date for these therapies to provide guidance in determining appropriate treatment for patients with mild-to-moderate acne.
The Transformation of 22,26-Oxido-▵17(20)-cholestene-3β,16ξ-diol to 17-Iso,20-isocholestane Derivatives (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Transformation of 22,26-Oxido-▵17(20)-cholestene-3β,16ξ-diol to 17-Iso,20-isocholestane DerivativesMalcolm J. Thompson, Govindan V. Nair, and Erich MosettigCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1964, 29, 1, 79–83Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01024a017https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01024a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views67Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Measuring the oral bioavailability of protein hydrolysates derived from food sources: A critical review of current bioassays (2021)

Hydrolysates are challenging for analytical detection methods due to capacity for enzymatic generation of peptides with novel sequences and also new modifications of these peptides during digestion. Mass spectrometry and peptidomics can improve the capacity to detect individual peptides released from complex hydrolysates in biological milieu.
A Reconstructing Android User Behavior Approach based on YAFFS2 and SQLite (2014)

Nowadays, a variety of Android user behavior information is automatically stored in SQLite to indicate when and what user behavior took places. In this paper, an approach to reconstruct Android user behavior from YAFFS2 based on SQLite is proposed. Based on the storage mechanism of YAFFS2 file system and the file structures of SQLite, all of the SQLite records can be recovered from the Android image, regardless of whether the SQLite file has been deleted or not in YAFFS2, and the user behaviors are parsed from those recovered SQLite records; then an Android user behavior timeline is constructed for visualizing based on the time stamp stored in it’s SQLite records. The evaluated experiment results show that the proposed method can reconstruct user behavior correctly, and can obtain more user behaviors than Encase to help investigators to complete digital forensic.
DESIGN OF A SEED-SPECIFIC APPLICATION SYSTEM FOR IN-FURROW CHEMICALS (2004)

In-furrow chemical inputs such as fungicides, insecticides, and nematicides are generally applied at planting asa continuous band of material. Focusing these applications at the seed and minimizing the amount of chemical appliedbetween seeds has potential to significantly reduce in-furrow inputs. An in-furrow seed-specific application system wasdeveloped to apply discrete bands of liquid chemical to individual seeds during planting. Each seed was detected in the seedtube, seed arrival time at the furrow was estimated, and a chemical band was applied as the seed landed in the furrow. Theseed-specific applicator was evaluated at three field speeds and four spray band lengths during corn and cotton plantings.Accuracy of spray band placement, measured as percent of seeds observed within a sprayed band of soil, ranged from 63%to 97% in corn and from 56% to 98% in cotton, depending on field speed and spray band length. As spray band lengthincreased from 3.8 to 7.6 cm, accuracy (averaged across speeds) increased from 76% to 91% in corn and from 72% to 95%in cotton. Accuracy and field speed were inversely related, with highest accuracies observed at the slowest speed. While theapplicator performed well, further improvements may be possible, especially when operating at high field speeds. Substantialin-furrow material savings are feasible and depend on desired seeding rates and spray band lengths.
A study of the effect of envelope impedance on intermodulation asymmetry using a two-tone time domain measurement system (2003)

An error corrected two-tone time domain measurement system has been developed and combined with a low frequency active source and load-pull system to investigate the effects of all impedance terminations, IF and RF, on the linearity and efficiency of power transistors. Measured data is presented on a HBT biased in class B stimulated by-a two-tone signal while actively load pulling the low frequency IF component.
Impact of osmotic stress on the growth and root architecture of introgression lines derived from a wild ancestor of rice and a modern cultivar (2020)

Many modern rice varieties have been intensively selected for high-yielding performance under irrigated conditions, reducing their genetic diversity and potentially increasing their susceptibility to abiotic stresses such as drought. In this study, we tested benefits for stress tolerance of introducing DNA segments from wild ancestor <i>Oryza rufipogon</i> to the modern cultivar <i>O. sativa</i> cv <i>Curinga</i> (<i>CUR</i>) by applying a gradient of osmotic stress to both parents and seven introgressed lines. Shoot growth of <i>O. rufipogon</i> had a high tolerance to osmotic stress, and the number of total root tips increased under mild osmotic stress. One introgression line showed greater shoot growth, root growth, and higher number of total root tips than the parent line <i>CUR</i> under osmotic stress. Abscisic acid (ABA) is a key hormone mediating plant responses to abiotic stresses. Both root and shoot growth of <i>O. rufipogon</i> were much more sensitive to ABA than <i>CUR</i>. Introgression lines varied in the extent to which the sensitivity of their growth responses to ABA and some lines correlated with their sensitivity to osmotic stress. Our results suggest that rice responses to ABA and osmotic stress are genotype dependent, and growth responses of rice to ABA are not a consistent indicator of resilience to abiotic stress in introgression lines.
Tolerance of Senecio vulgaris to Infection and Disease Caused by Native and Alien Rust Fungi (2006)

ABSTRACT Plant defense strategies against pathogen attack can be divided into either resistance or tolerance. Variation in tolerance is expressed as differences in the relationship between host fitness (or yield) and the degree of infection. Plant tolerance of pathogen attack remains poorly understood both in terms of its specific mechanisms and in terms of the evolutionary processes by which it has arisen. Theoretical models predict that it is the result of coevolution between host and pathogen, suggesting greater tolerance in interactions with native as opposed to introduced pathogens. Therefore, we quantified and compared the degree of tolerance expressed in the interaction of Senecio vulgaris with the rust fungus Coleosporium tussilginis, which is native to the UK, and the introduced rust fungus Puccinia lagenophorae. We used the reaction norm approach to quantify tolerance and its components. The S. vulgaris-C. tussilaginis interaction expressed a significantly greater degree of tolerance, as reductions in host growth and fitness per unit infection were significantly less than with P. lagenophorae. The key mechanism for this greater tolerance to C. tussilaginis was a significantly smaller reduction in photosynthesis per unit infection than with P. lagenophorae, at both leaf and whole plant scales. There was no significant difference in the relationship between whole plant photosynthesis and host reproduction. We discuss these responses in the context of coevolution for tolerance in host-pathogen interactions.
Peritoneal Cell-Derived Mast Cells: An In Vitro Model of Mature Serosal-Type Mouse Mast Cells (2007)

Bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMC) have been used extensively as a mast cell model. BMMC, however, are immature cells that have no known physiological equivalent in tissues. They do not respond to IgG immune complexes. They may therefore not be appropriate for studying the physiopathology of IgE-induced allergies or IgG-induced tissue-specific inflammatory diseases which both depend on mature mast cells. Resident peritoneal mast cells are a minor population of differentiated cells that are not readily purified. They, however, can be expanded in culture to generate large numbers of homogeneous cells. We show here that these peritoneal cell-derived mast cells (PCMC) are mature serosal-type mouse mast cells which retain most morphological, phenotypic, and functional features of peritoneal mast cells. Like peritoneal mast cells, PCMC respond to IgG Abs. IgG immune complex-induced responses depended on FcgammaRIIIA and were negatively regulated by FcgammaRIIB. We found that a moderate FcgammaRIIB-dependent negative regulation, due not to a higher FcgammaRIIIA/FcgammaRIIB ratio, but to a relatively inefficient use of the lipid phosphatase SHIP1, determines this property of PCMC. PCMC also respond to IgE Abs. IgE-induced PCMC responses, however, differed quantitatively and qualitatively from BMMC responses. PCMC secreted no or much lower amounts of lipid mediators, chemokines, and cytokines, but they contained and released much higher amounts of preformed granular mediators. PCMC, but not BMMC, also contained and, upon degranulation, released molecules with a potent proteolytic activity. These properties make PCMC a useful new model for understanding the physiopathology of mast cells in IgE- and IgG-dependent tissue inflammation.
Thermal‐Disrupting Interface Mitigates Intercellular Cohesion Loss for Accurate Topical Antibacterial Therapy (2020)

Bacterial infections remain a leading threat to global health because of the misuse of antibiotics and the rise in drug-resistant pathogens. Although several strategies such as photothermal therapy and magneto-thermal therapy can suppress bacterial infections, excessive heat often damages host cells and lengthens the healing time. Here, a localized thermal managing strategy, thermal-disrupting interface induced mitigation (TRIM), is reported, to minimize intercellular cohesion loss for accurate antibacterial therapy. The TRIM dressing film is composed of alternative microscale arrangement of heat-responsive hydrogel regions and mechanical support regions, which enables the surface microtopography to have a significant effect on disrupting bacterial colonization upon infrared irradiation. The regulation of the interfacial contact to the attached skin confines the produced heat and minimizes the risk of skin damage during thermoablation. Quantitative mechanobiology studies demonstrate the TRIM dressing film with a critical dimension for surface features plays a critical role in maintaining intercellular cohesion of the epidermis during photothermal therapy. Finally, endowing wound dressing with the TRIM effect via in vivo studies in S. aureus infected mice demonstrates a promising strategy for mitigating the side effects of photothermal therapy against a wide spectrum of bacterial infections, promoting future biointerface design for antibacterial therapy.
Global distribution of malocclusion traits: A systematic review (2018)

Worldwide, in mixed and permanent dentitions, Angle Class I malocclusion is more prevalent than Class II, specifically among Africans; the least prevalent was Class III, although higher among Mongoloids in mixed dentition. In vertical dimension, open bite was highest among Mongoloids in mixed dentition. Posterior crossbite was more prevalent in permanent dentition in Europe.
Friction factor of two-dimensional rough-boundary turbulent soap film flows (2009)

We use momentum-transfer arguments to predict the friction factor f in two-dimensional turbulent soap film flows with rough boundaries (an analog of three-dimensional pipe flow) as a function of Reynolds number Re and roughness r , considering separately the inverse energy cascade and the forward enstrophy cascade. At intermediate Re, we predict a Blasius-like friction factor scaling of f proportional, variant Re{-1/2} in flows dominated by the enstrophy cascade, distinct from the energy cascade scaling of Re{-1/4} . For large Re, f approximately r in the enstrophy-dominated case. We use conformal map techniques to perform direct numerical simulations that are in satisfactory agreement with theory and exhibit data collapse scaling of roughness-induced criticality, previously shown to arise in the three-dimensional pipe data of Nikuradse.
Distributing Time-Synchronous Phasor Measurement Data Using the GridStat Communication Infrastructure (2006)

The emergence of phasor measurement units (PMUs) coupled with GPS time devices makes it feasible to directly compare timestamped measurements collected at different locations without needing to account for clock drift. GridStat is a flexible publish-subscribe status dissemination middleware framework with capabilities that include rate-filtered multicast for each subscription. In this paper we explore GridStat's ability to hide the complexities of distributed systems from application developers while efficiently providing time-synchronous groups of PMU data from physically disparate locations.
Effects of High Alkalinity on Cement Pastes (2001)

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Pathologic complete response and serial circulating tumor cell monitoring during neoadjuvant therapy in nonmetastatic triple-negative breast cancer patients. (2019)

e12111 Background: ARTEMIS (A Randomized, TNBC Enrolling trial to confirm Molecular profiling Improves Survival) is a randomized trial to determine if precision guided neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) influences rates of pathologic complete response in the breast and axillary nodes (pCR). We hypothesized that blood circulating tumor cell (CTC) identification before and/or after NAC (just before surgery) would be associated with pCR in non-metastatic TNBC patients. Methods: Blood was assessed for CTCs at baseline (pre-NAC) and after NAC (post-NAC), as part of an IRB approved study, ARTEMIS (2014 – 0185/PA15-1050). CTCs (per 7.5 ml blood) were identified using the Cell Search System (Menarini Silicon Biosystems). Samples &gt; one cell having morphologic criteria for malignancy were deemed CTC+. Fisher exact test was used to evaluate associations between CTC detection and clinicopathologic characteristics, and Chi 2 test was used to analyze associations between CTC detection pre- and post- NAC, and pCR. Results: Fifty-nine patients had pre-NAC and 43 patients had post-NAC CTC assessments. One or more CTC was detected in 13/59 (22%) patients pre-NAC and in 16/43 (37%) of post NAC samples. CTC detection was not associated with patient stage, tumor androgen receptor expression, vimentin expression, Ki-67 staining, or tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte levels. Pre-NAC CTC detection was not (chi 2 P = 0.98), but post-NAC (chi 2 P = 0.0017) CTC identification was negatively associated with pCR. Conclusions: CTC detection post-NAC was negatively associated with pCR in non-metastatic TNBC patients. These findings warrant larger studies studying serial CTC detection throughout treatment to assess response to NAC.
Singulation—A Problem in Design (1973)

Singulation is formally defined, the state-of-the-art is established through study of over 2000 related patents and singulation devices are categorized into twenty-one fundamental principles of operation.
Signal Reconstruction from Interferometric Measurements under Sensing\n Constraints (2017)

This paper develops a unifying framework for signal reconstruction from\ninterferometric measurements that is broadly applicable to various applications\nof interferometry. In this framework, the problem of signal reconstruction in\ninterferometry amounts to one of basis analysis. Its applicability is shown to\nextend beyond conventional temporal interferometry, which leverages the\nrelative delay between the two arms of an interferometer, to arbitrary degrees\nof freedom of the input signal. This allows for reconstruction of signals\nsupported in other domains (e.g., spatial) with no modification to the\nunderlying structure except for replacing the standard temporal delay with a\ngeneralized delay, that is, a practically realizable unitary transformation for\nwhich the basis elements are eigenfunctions. Under the proposed model, the\ninterferometric measurements are shown to be linear in the basis coefficients,\nthereby enabling efficient and fast recovery of the desired information. While\nthe corresponding linear transformation has only a limited number of degrees of\nfreedom set by the structure of the interferometer giving rise to a highly\nconstrained sensing structure, we show that the problem of signal recovery from\nsuch measurements can still be carried out compressively. This signifies\nsignificant reduction in sample complexity without introducing any additional\nrandomization as is typically done in prior work leveraging compressive sensing\ntechniques. We provide performance guarantees under constrained sensing by\nproving that the transformation satisfies sufficient conditions for successful\nreconstruction of sparse signals using concentration arguments. We showcase the\neffectiveness of the proposed approach using simulation results, as well as\nactual experimental results in the context of optical modal analysis of spatial\nbeams.\n
Gene Delivery by Liposomes (2013)

Abstract In gene therapy, genetic materials, such as plasmid DNA, antisense oligonucleotides (asODNs), and small interfering RNA (siRNA), can be used to treat or prevent disease. This includes replacing a mutated gene, inactivating a mutated gene, or introducing a new gene. Although gene therapy is a promising treatment option for a number of diseases (including inherited disorders, some types of cancer, and certain viral infections), successful gene therapy is hampered by the lack of effective delivery systems (viral and nonviral). There are several nonviral gene carriers, such as lipids, polymers, and peptides, that can be used for this purpose. Liposomal delivery of nucleic acids, such as plasmid DNA, asODNs, and siRNAs, represents a very promising nanocarrier system that is relatively safe and effective in delivering genes to targeted locations in the body. Lipoid‐based delivery systems have also been shown to be stable in serum and plasma, have improved biodistribution, prolonged circulation half‐life, and enhanced target tissue selectivity. The most common lipids used in liposomes are cationic lipids, which facilitate binding between their positively charged head group(s) to negatively charged nucleic acids. This review is focused on the most common methods of lipoid‐based nanocarriers of nucleic acids for gene therapy in vivo.
Nucleic‐Acid Structures as Intracellular Probes for Live Cells (2019)

The chemical composition of cells at the molecular level determines their growth, differentiation, structure, and function. Probing this composition is powerful because it provides invaluable insight into chemical processes inside cells and in certain cases allows disease diagnosis based on molecular profiles. However, many techniques analyze fixed cells or lysates of bulk populations, in which information about dynamics and cellular heterogeneity is lost. Recently, nucleic-acid-based probes have emerged as a promising platform for the detection of a wide variety of intracellular analytes in live cells with single-cell resolution. Recent advances in this field are described and common strategies for probe design, types of targets that can be identified, current limitations, and future directions are discussed.