gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Generating Current Constraints to Guarantee RLC Power Grid Safety (2017)

A critical task during early chip design is the efficient verification of the chip power distribution network. Vectorless verification, developed since the mid-2000s as an alternative to traditional simulation-based methods, requires the user to specify current constraints (budgets) for the underlying circuitry and checks if the corresponding voltage variations on all grid nodes are within a user-specified margin. This framework is extremely powerful, as it allows for efficient and early verification, but specifying/obtaining current constraints remains a burdensome task for users and a hurdle to adoption of this framework by the industry. Recently, the inverse problem has been introduced: Generate circuit current constraints that, if satisfied by the underlying logic circuitry, would guarantee grid safety from excessive voltage variations. This approach has many potential applications, including various grid quality metrics, as well as voltage drop-aware placement and floorplanning. So far, this framework has been developed assuming only resistive and capacitive (RC) elements in the power grid model. Inductive effects are becoming a significant component of the power supply noise and can no longer be ignored. In this article, we extend the constraints generation approach to allow for inductance. We give a rigorous problem definition and develop some key theoretical results related to maximality of the current space defined by the constraints. Based on this, we then develop three constraints generation algorithms that target the peak total chip power that is allowed by the grid, the uniformity of current distribution across the die area, and a combination of both metrics.
The Neuroimaging Center of the Pediatric Brain Tumor Consortium-collaborative neuroimaging in pediatric brain tumor research: a work in progress. (2007)

As an essential part of the National Cancer Institute (NCI)-funded Pediatric Brain Tumor Consortium (PBTC), the Neuroimaging Center (NIC) is dedicated to infusing the study of pediatric brain tumors with imaging "best practice" by producing a correlative research plan that 1) resonates with novel therapeutic interventions being developed by the wider PBTC, 2) ensures that every PBTC protocol incorporates an imaging "end point" among its objectives, 3) promotes the widespread implementation of standardized technical protocols for neuroimaging, and 4) facilitates a quality assurance program that complies with the highest standards for image data transfer, diagnostic image quality, and data integrity. To accomplish these specific objectives, the NIC works with the various PBTC sites (10 in all, plus NCI/ National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke representation) to ensure that the overarching mission of the consortium--to better understand tumor biology and develop new therapies for central nervous system tumors in children--is furthered by creating a uniform body of imaging techniques, technical protocols, and standards. Since the inception of the NIC in 2003, this broader mandate has been largely accomplished through a series of site visits and meetings aimed at assessing prevailing neuroimaging practices against NIC-recommended protocols, techniques, and strategies for achieving superior image quality and executing the secure transfer of data to the central PBTC. These ongoing evaluations periodically examine investigations into targeted drug therapies. In the future, the NIC will concentrate its efforts on improving image analysis for MR imaging and positron-emission tomography (PET) and on developing new ligands for PET; imaging markers for radiation therapy; and novel systemic, intrathecal, and intralesional therapeutic interventions.
Investigation of guiding and radiating properties of Resonant-Slot Coupled Cavity Chain (2009)

This paper is an update of recent experimental demonstration of a possible application of Resonant-Slot Coupled Cavity Chain as a Composite Right-handed-Left-handed waveguide structure (similar to CRLH line). It reports design strategies for both the CRLH guiding structure and for the backward-forward scanning leaky-wave antenna. In both applications it is possible to achieve the smooth transition between backward and forward mode and, at the same time, good matching to a standard 50 Ω coaxial cable.
A Novel Cardiff Model Coefficients Extraction Process Based on Artificial Neural Network (2023)

This paper presents a novel way to extract the Cardiff model coefficients. Analysis shows that the Cardiff model is easier for implementation in commercial RF design related software, while the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based behavioral model provides more flexibility for extracting the coefficients of a model, the two methods have been combined. The load-pull setup, implemented in Keysight Advanced Design System (ADS), is used to acquire the pseudo-wave data of the Cree 10W transistor. By using the feedforward ANN structure together with a novel Cardiff model related backpropagation algorithm, a set of accurate coefficients can be extracted, whose Normalized Mean Squared Error (NMSE) is -54.73 dB as shown in this paper.
A scalable protocol for content-based routing in overlay networks (2003)

In content networks, messages are routed on the basis of their content and the interests (subscriptions) of the message consumers. This form of routing offers an interesting alternative to unicast or multicast communication in loosely-coupled distributed systems with large number of consumers, with diverse interests, wide geographical dispersion, and heterogeneous resources (e.g., CPU, bandwidth). In this paper, we propose a novel protocol for content-based routing in overlay networks. This protocol guarantees perfect routing (i.e., a message is received by all, and only those, consumers that have registered a matching subscription) and optimizes the usage of the network bandwidth. Furthermore, our protocol takes advantage of subscription aggregation to dramatically reduce the size of the routing tables, and it fully supports dynamic subscription registrations and cancellations without impacting the routing accuracy. We have implemented this protocol in the application-level routers of an overlay network to build a scalable XML-based data dissemination system. Experimental evaluation shows that the size of the routing tables remains small, even with very large populations of consumers.
ChemInform Abstract: Unsaturated 1,4‐cis and 1,4‐trans‐Diaminotetradeoxycycloheptites ‐ Enantiomerically Pure, Polyfunctionalized Tropa Derivatives by Enzymatic Hydrolysis. (1989)

Abstract A variety of optically active title compounds such as the sannamine and sporamine aminoglycoside antibiotic analogues (V) or (X) are prepared starting from the tropone derivative (I), the key step being the enzymatic hydrolysis of the "frontal" acetate group in the meso‐diacetates (II).
Does it matter if you don't know who's talking? (2004)

Voiceover IP (VoIP) now makes it possible for people in distributed online multiplayer games to talk to each other. This might not only influence game performance, but also social interaction. However, using VoIP in multiplayer games can often make it hard to know who is talking, an issue that other researchers have found to be problematic. In a 10-week study of a fixed group of adult gamers, we found that not knowing who is talking affects game performance differently according to the type of game. In team-based war games, it can have a negative effect both on learning and coordination, but in race games, where individual rather than teams compete, it appears generally not to matter. In contrast, the impact of not knowing who is talking on social interaction is the same regardless of game type: while the social experience can be highly enjoyable, it is difficult for gamers to get to know each other. We consider the design implications for enhancing both game performance and social interaction.
Steps farther towards micro-nano-mole integration via the multispacer patterning technique (2007)

The production of memories with bit density of the order of 1011 cm−2 (projected to be possible within the current silicon technology in 2020 AD) seems now possible by exploiting the hybrid crossbar architecture. This new paradigm (that assigns to silicon the functions of power supply, addressing, sensing and writing, and to reprogrammable molecules the function of memory) requires the solution of a number of new problems not considered yet in integrated-circuit processing. In particular, the most advanced example of hybrid crossbars (Green J E et al 2007 Nature 445 414) does not yet consider the problems of hardware demultiplexing (the connection of wire arrays with a sublithographic pitch of 30 nm to lithographic contacts with pitch 90 nm), the covalent linkage of the functional molecules to the crossbar, and their insertion at the end of process. In this paper it is shown that the multispacer patterning technique (Cerofolini G F et al 2005 Nanotechnology 16 1040) can be adapated to solve all these problems.
Human Pluripotent Stem Cells for Spinal Cord Injury (2019)

Spinal cord injury (SCI) as a serious public health issue and neurological insult is one of the most severe cause of long-term disability. To date, a variety of techniques have been widely developed to treat central nervous system injury. Currently, clinical treatments are limited to surgical decompression and pharmacotherapy. Because of their negative effects and inefficiency, novel therapeutic approaches are required in the management of SCI. Improvement and innovation of stem cell-based therapies have a huge potential for biological and future clinical applications. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) including embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are defined by their abilities to divide asymmetrically, self-renew and ultimately differentiate into various cell lineages. There are considerable research efforts to use various types of stem cells, such as ESCs, neural stem cells (NSCs), and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the treatment of patients with SCI. Moreover, the use of patient-specific iPSCs holds great potential as an unlimited cell source for generating in vivo models of SCI. In this review, we focused on the potential of hPSCs in treating SCI.
Simultaneous Determination of Capillary Pressure and Relative Permeability by Automatic History Matching (1988)

Summary This paper presents a new method for the simultaneous determination of capillary pressure and relative permeability that is a modification of the porous-plate capillary pressure experiment. The modifications involve the use of thin core samples and thin plastic filtration membranes, resulting in a significantly faster experiment. Relative permeabilities are determined from the experimental data by the use of an automatic history-matching simulator. The new method is found to be particularly well suited for the measurement of small oil relative permeabilities in gas/oil systems.
Micromachined and MEMS-reconfigurable Ku-band TL-based Metamaterials (2008)

MNWAVE
Software for Probabilistic Risk Reduction (2004)

A computer program implements a methodology, denoted probabilistic risk reduction, that is intended to aid in planning the development of complex software and/or hardware systems. This methodology integrates two complementary prior methodologies: (1) that of probabilistic risk assessment and (2) a risk-based planning methodology, implemented in a prior computer program known as Defect Detection and Prevention (DDP), in which multiple requirements and the beneficial effects of risk-mitigation actions are taken into account. The present methodology and the software are able to accommodate both process knowledge (notably of the efficacy of development practices) and product knowledge (notably of the logical structure of a system, the development of which one seeks to plan). Estimates of the costs and benefits of a planned development can be derived. Functional and non-functional aspects of software can be taken into account, and trades made among them. It becomes possible to optimize the planning process in the sense that it becomes possible to select the best suite of process steps and design choices to maximize the expectation of success while remaining within budget.
Diagnosis and management of sinusitis in children. (1996)

Acute bacterial sinusitis is a common clinical problem. The usual predisposing events are either viral upper respiratory infection or allergic inflammation. Patients present with either persistent or severe respiratory symptoms. Subacute and chronic sinusitis are characterized by very protracted respiratory symptoms that include nasal discharge, cough, or both. A precise diagnosis of bacterial sinusitis is made when sinus aspiration is performed and yields pus and bacteria in high colony count. Images, either plain radiographs or computer tomographic scans, can be used to confirm the diagnosis of bacterial sinusitis in patients whose signs and symptoms suggest the diagnosis. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae , and Moraxella catarrhalis are the usual pathogens retrieved from patients with acute, subacute, and recurrent acute sinusitis. These same pathogens cause acute exacerbations of chronic sinusitis. In patients with chronic persistent sinusitis, the role of bacterial agents is less clear. The prescription of antimicrobials is the backbone of the medical management of acute bacterial sinusitis. Clinical improvement is prompt in nearly all children treated with an appropriate agent.
Removal of metals from water using a novel high-rate algal pond and submerged macrophyte pond treatment reactor (2019)

A combined high-rate algal pond and submerged macrophyte pond (APMP) reactor was introduced as a novel biotechnique for efficient heavy metals (HMs) removal from wastewater. The role of water temperature, light regime, and N:P mass ratio on algae growth and HMs removal as well as effects of macrophyte species and densities on algae extermination were investigated through batch experiments. Results showed that water temperature significantly affected algae proliferation and HMs removal. Effects of light regime and N:P only showed obvious influences on HMs removal performance at high temperature. HMs removal efficiency reached 75.8% (Cr), 63.6% (Pb), and 61.1% (Zn) at 5-day hydraulic retention time (HRT) in APMP. Positive correlation existed closely between HMs removal and algal growth with long HRT. Algae were strongly inhibited by Ceratophyllum demersum and Vallisneria natans at plant density of 20-30 rhizomes m<sup>-2</sup> with effluent algae concentration about 1,000 cells mL<sup>-1</sup> at 7-day HRT. Results suggested that the APMP reactor was efficient for HMs removal from wastewater, indicating a possible effective metals removal technique by using APMP.
Tenidap modulates cytoplasmic pH and inhibits anion transport in vitro. II. Inhibition of IL-1 beta production from ATP-treated monocytes and macrophages. (1994)

IL-1 beta is an important inflammatory mediator produced by monocytes and macrophages after LPS stimulation. In the absence of a secondary stimulus, however, little IL-1 beta is released into the medium. Previously, ATP was shown to promote the release and proteolytic maturation of IL-1 beta from LPS-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages. Tenidap, a new anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic agent, inhibited the release and maturation of IL-1 beta induced in vitro by ATP treatment of murine peritoneal macrophages. Tenidap's inhibitory activity was mimicked by other agents that blocked anion transport, such as UK5099 and DIDS. In contrast, cyclooxygenase-inhibiting nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as piroxicam and naproxen, did not impair ATP-induced post-translational processing. Human monocytes responded to LPS to produce IL-1 beta, but externalized little of their newly synthesized cytokine. ATP at concentrations > or = 2 mM promoted IL-1 beta release from these cells. The degree to which the released cytokine was proteolytically processed to its biologically active 17-kDa species, however, depended on the pH of the medium; a greater processing efficiency was observed at slightly acidic (pH 6.9) values. Tenidap and other anion transport inhibitors effectively prevented the ATP response of cultured human monocytes. Likewise, LPS-stimulated human alveolar macrophages responded to ATP by releasing 17-kDa IL-1 beta, and tenidap inhibited this response. The ATP-induced release and maturation of IL-1 beta from human monocytes and macrophages, therefore, was suppressed by anion transport inhibitors, suggesting that anion conductance is a necessary component of the ATP-promoted externalization mechanism. In view of IL-1's importance as an inflammatory mediator, tenidap may demonstrate novel anti-inflammatory activities by virtue of its inhibition of the post-translational release and maturation of this cytokine.
Race and Reification in Science (2005)

Is there evidence for the racialization of pharmaceutical regulation? Systematic comparison of new drugs approved over five years in the USA and the EU,
Mitroflow aortic pericardial bioprosthesis — clinical performance☆☆☆ (2009)

The Mitroflow external mounted, pericardial aortic bioprosthesis with documented excellent haemodynamics (especially for the small aortic root), demonstrates that prosthesis-patient mismatch in moderate and severe categories can essentially be eliminated, with durability performance comparable to other heterograft (porcine and pericardial) bioprostheses.
Modeling Environmental Limitations on Remote Sensing of Coral Reef Ecosystems (2013)

The fundamental components of a coral reef are coral, algae, and sand. At its simplest assessing the status of a coral reef may be reduced to quantifying the relative benthic cover of these three bottom-types. While in situ surveys can provide an accurate census on an individual reef scale (10s of meters), the only feasible method to surveys coral reefs on a reef tract (10-100s of kilometers) or worldwide scale is through the use of remote sensing. Remote sensing is a means of surveying entire ecosystems. A major issue in remote sensing of coastal environments is the confounding effects of the water column on the signal emerging from the water column. We used a simulation method to model differing levels of environmental parameters, which occur in marine ecosystems, with HydrolightEcolight 5. Simulated data were interpolated with actual bottom; type spectra to determine the accuracy of a classification function developed in MATLAB. The aim was to distinguish bottom-types as well as predict levels of water column parameters. The results of this study demonstrate that bottom-type (78% algae, 84% coral, and 94% sand) and chlorophyll concentration (85-90% across range) are well determined, while depth and suspended sediment load are not as well predicted (<70%) and has a tendency to slightly over predict depth.
The Effect of Oral Glucosamine Sulfate on Insulin Sensitivity in Human Subjects (2003)

As glucosamine is presently in wide use due to its purported beneficial effects in patients with osteoarthritis, it seemed important to consider its possible adverse effects on glucose metabolism. Many subjects who take glucosamine for osteoarthritis are obese, insulin resistant, diabetic, or at risk for the development of diabetes, and it is established that glucosamine induces insulin resistance in rats and mice. Hypotheses suggest that glucosamine causes insulin resistance by directly entering the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway. It has been proposed that this provides a model for glucotoxicity-induced defects in insulin action and secretion (1), since, under hyperglycemic conditions, a larger amount of glucose flux is metabolized through the hexosamine pathway. Therefore, we undertook this study to determine if glucosamine, taken at recommended doses for the treatment of osteoarthritis, had any detrimental …
Leveraging Big Data Analytics to Reduce Healthcare Costs (2013)

The healthcare sector deals with large volumes of electronic data related to patient services. This article describes two novel applications that leverage big data to detect fraud, abuse, waste, and errors in health insurance claims, thus reducing recurrent losses and facilitating enhanced patient care. The results indicate that claim anomalies detected using these applications help private health insurance funds recover hidden cost overruns that aren't detectable using transaction processing systems. This article is part of a special issue on leveraging big data and business analytics.
Early Diagnosis and Therapy on Hemolytic Disease of Newborn with Hemolytic (2007)

Objective To explore the methods of early diagnosis and therapy on hemolytic disease of newborn with hemolytic.Methods According to whether the cord blood hemolytic 3 items check were made and intravenous immunoglobulin with higher dose was used, 287 cases of neonatal ABO hemolytic in our hospital from Apr.2003 to Apr.2006 were divided into 4 groups: control group Ⅰ(n=23) and gammaglobulin therapy groupⅠ(n=92)( cord blood hemolytic 3 items check were made);control group Ⅱ(n=43) and gammaglobulin therapy groupⅡ(n=129)( peripheral blood hemolytic 3 items check were not made).Common clinical data (age, sex, birth weight,et al.) and the level of serum bilirubin and hemoglobin were analyzed.Results There were no significant differences of sex, gestation age, birth weight, blood type constituent ratio, jaundice emergence and apex time, phototherapy persistence time and average stay in 4 groups(Pa0.05). Compared with control group Ⅰand gammaglobulin therapy groupⅠ,age of hospital admission was older (Pa0.01), and the level of serum total bilirubin was higher (Pa0.01) in control group Ⅱand gammaglobulin therapy groupⅡ.Compared with control groups, the jaundice high-peak was lower in gammaglobulin therapy groups(Pa0.01).Compared with control group Ⅰ, the hemoglobin level rechecked after 1 week in hospital declined tardily in gammaglobulin therapy groupⅠ.Conclusions The cord blood hemolytic 3 items check play a role in early diagnosis of hemolytic disease of newborn with hemolytie.It has effection on decreasing the level of serum bilirubin and the degree of anaemia that intravenous immunoglobulin with higher dose is used in 48 hours after birth.
Acetylsalicylic Acid Improves Lipid-Induced Insulin Resistance in Healthy Men (2006)

ASA pretreatment attenuated lipid-induced insulin resistance in healthy humans. This acute insulin-sensitizing effect of ASA was unrelated to changes of circulating inflammatory markers.
Integral Equation Theory of Polymer Solutions:  Application to Polyethylene/Benzene Solutions (2004)

Solutions of polyethylene macromolecules immersed in benzene were modeled with self-consistent polymer reference interaction site model (PRISM) theory. The PRISM integral equations for the solution were solved self-consistently for the polyethylene intramolecular chain structure and intermolecular polymer and solvent correlations at various mole fractions. We found that explicitly considering the solvent molecules leads to considerably more short-range structure in the radial distribution function of the polymer, relative to the polymer without solvent at the same concentration. The long-range intermolecular correlations between polymer sites in the correlation hole regime decreased inversely with the polymer concentration as expected. The solvent/solvent radial distribution function, however, showed unexpected changes in shape and intensity as the polymer concentration increased. By using the direct correlation functions from PRISM theory, along with the random phase approximation, we estimated the spinodal temperatures as a function of polymer concentration. PRISM theory, which includes compressibility and nonrandom mixing effects, predicted a significantly higher critical temperature than was obtained from the corresponding incompressible Flory−Huggins theory. The PRISM spinodal curves were in reasonable agreement with experimental dissolution temperatures for octacosane in benzene.