gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
3D Rotor Position-Dependant MEC Modeling of Different Claw Pole Machine Topologies (2022)

The paper is aimed at a 3D magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC)-based modelling of claw pole synchronous machine topologies. Beyond the magnetic saturation and the armature magnetic reaction, the proposed modelling approach takes into consideration the rotor position variation, yielding the so-called: rotor position-dependant MEC. Accounting for the complexity of the magnetic circuit of claw pole topologies, specific assumptions are adopted prior a general analytical derivation of their MEC models. The developed analytical approach focuses on the air gap reluctance under variable rotor position considering a simplified geometry of the claw. A dedicated numerical procedure based on the Newton-Raphson algorithm is proposed for the resolution of the designed rotor position-dependant MEC. The proposed approach is applied to three claw pole topologies. The two first ones are equipped with a single source of excitation achieved by a field. Their analytically-predicted features are validated by experiments. The third topology has a dual excitation achieved by a field and permanent magnets (PMs) in the rotor. Its analytically-predicted features are validated by 3D finite element analysis (FEA). It is found that both experimental and FEA results are in quite good agreement with the analytical predictions yielded by the proposed rotor position-dependant MEC.
ChemInform Abstract: THE β′ LITHIATION OF α,β‐UNSATURATED AMIDES (1985)

Abstract Durch Metallierung der ungesättigten Amide (VI) und (XII) und anschließende Reaktion mit den Elektrophilen (I)‐(V) werden die β′‐substituierten Produkte (VIII) bzw. (XI) dargestellt [die Wiederholung des Verfahrens mit (XIb)/(XIc) ergibt (XIII) bzw. (XIV)].
ChemInform Abstract: Antimicrobial Activity of Novel N‐Quinolinyl and N‐Naphthylimino‐1,2,3‐dithiazoles. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Validation of the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma grading system for acute appendicitis severity (2020)

Prospective/Epidemiologic, Level III.
Genes encoding critical transcriptional activators for murine neural tube development and human spina bifida: a case-control study (2010)

Modest associations were observed in CITED2, EP300, CREBBP, TFAP2A and CARM1 but not ALX1. However, these modest associations were not statistically significant after correction for multiple comparisons. Searching for potential functional variants and rare causal mutations is warranted in these genes.
Midale CO2 Flood Pilot (1987)

Abstract The Midale oilfield is part of a Mississippian carbonate trend in southeastern Saskatchewan. The Midale Unit has been under waterflood since 1962, and is approaching an 80% water-cut. In an attempt to significantly increase recovery from this large resource base, Shell Canada Limited and partners have begun piloting a tertiary miscible CO2 process. This article focuses on the planning and design of the CO2 pilot, which began in 1984. The design integrates techniques from both observation and production-style pilots. The synergistic analysis of data from many sources is crucial for timely scale-up of results from the project, which will conclude in 1988. Introduction Oil was discovered in the Midale field in June 1953, by the drilling of Shell Midale A-7-18-6–10 W2M. Rapid development over the next five years resulted in the drilling of some 300 wells on 32-ha spacing. Production from the field was erratic during these early stages due to market and pipeline restrictions. It soon became apparent that primary depletion in the field would be due almost entirely to solution-gas drive. Analysis showed waterflooding to be the preferred secondary recovery method, so a pilot waterflood project was undertaken in 1960 in two field-scale patterns. Encouraging results from this pilot led to the formation of the Midale Unit, and a field-wide water flood on inverted nine-spot patterns commenced in December 1962. Oil production from the Unit peaked at 2300 m3/d in 1964, and declined steadily to 950 m3/d by 1985. Water-cut is approaching 80% in the mature operation. Average fluid injection and production rates in this low productivity reservoir are some 60 and 12 m3/d per well, respectively. A charge in investment climate in the early 1980s resulted in an explosion of activity for the Midale Unit, including the tertiary CO2 pilot and an aggressive infill drilling program. As well, upgrade of the existing waterflood facilities is under consideration. This surge in development activity lays the groundwork for continued Unit oil production well into the 21st century. Geology The Midale field(1) is located in southeastern Saskatchewan along the northern margin of the Williston Basin. The oil accumulation in the Midale Unit is in the Mississippian-aged Charles Formation. The Midale Beds pay section occurs as a basal member of the first (lowest) Charles cycle. The carbonate section of the Midale Beds is usually overlain by the Midale Evaporite of the Ratcliffe Beds and underlain by the Frobisher Evaporite. Classicall, the pay section has been divided into two major units, the upper Marly and lower Vuggy zones. The Marly is a microcrystalline dolomite with porosities in the 20% to 30% range, and net pay approximately 3.5 m out of a 6.5 m gross section. The underlying Vuggy is a micro- to coarsely crystalline fragmental limestone, with net pay of approximately 5.0 m out of a 10.0 m gross section and porosities of 10% to 15%. The non-pay in each zone is tighter carbonate rock. Both zones have initial water saturations in the net pay of approximately 40%, and matrix (air, unstressed) permeabilities in the 15 md range.
Palladium-Catalyzed Cyanomethylation of Aryl Halides through Domino Suzuki Coupling–Isoxazole Fragmentation (2011)

A one-pot protocol for the cyanomethylation of aryl halides through a palladium-catalyzed reaction with isoxazole-4-boronic acid pinacol ester was developed. Mechanistically, the reaction proceeds through (1) Suzuki coupling, (2) base-induced fragmentation, and (3) deformylation as shown by characterization of all postulated intermediates. Under optimized conditions (PdCl(2)dppf, KF, DMSO/H(2)O, 130 °C) a broad spectrum of aryl bromides could be converted into arylacetonitriles with up to 88% yield.
Optimum electrode configuration for detection of leg movement using bio-impedance (2005)

Impedances and joint angles were simultaneously measured during ankle and knee movements. The correlation coefficients of the joint angle and the impedance change from human leg movement were obtained using an electro-goniometer and a four-channel impedance measurement system. Because the impedance changes resulting from ankle and knee movements depended heavily on the electrode placement, we determined the optimum electrode configurations for those movements by searching for high correlation coefficients, large impedance changes and minimum interferences in ten subjects (age: 20+/-4). Our optimum electrode configurations showed strong relationships between the ankle joint angle and lower leg impedance (correlation coefficient=-0.91+/-0.06) and between the knee joint angle and knee impedance (correlation coefficient=0.94+/-0.04). The reproducibilities of the impedance changes of five subjects due to the ankle and knee were 6.3+/-1.9% and 5.1+/-1.7% for the optimum electrode pairs, respectively. We propose that this optimum electrode configuration would be useful for future studies involving the convenient measurement of leg movements by the impedance method.
Effects of Perturbation on Formation Flights around an Eccentric Reference Orbit (2008)

In this study, we propose a basic method for the construction of a formation flight around an eccentric reference orbit under the influence of gravitational disturbances (J2). The relative motion between two spacecraft in the formation flight is affected by J2. The effects of this perturbing force are analyzed, and the initial conditions of the formation flight for the suppression of these effects are derived on the basis of these analytical results.
Thermoelectric transport in graphene and 2D layered materials (2018)

In early 90s, Hicks and Dresselhaus proposed that low dimensional materials are advantages for thermoelectric applications due to the sharp features in their density-of-states, resulting in a high Seebeck coefficient and, potentially, in a high thermoelectric power factor. Two-dimensional (2D) materials are the latest class of low dimensional materials studied for thermoelectric applications. The experimental exfoliation of graphene, a single-layer of carbon atoms in 2004, triggered an avalanche of studies devoted to 2D materials in view of electronic, thermal, and optical applications. One can mix and match and stack 2D layers to form van der Waals hetero-structures. Such structures have extreme anisotropic transport properties. Both in-plane and cross-plane thermoelectric transport in these structures are of interest. In this short review article, we first review the progress achieved so far in the study of thermoelectric transport properties of graphene, the most widely studied 2D material, as a representative of interesting in-plane thermoelectric properties. Then, we turn our attention to the layered materials, in their cross-plane direction, highlighting their role as potential structures for solid-state thermionic power generators and coolers.
Core‐shell encapsulation formulations to stabilize desiccated Bradyrhizobium against high environmental temperature and humidity (2022)

Engineered materials to improve the shelf-life of desiccated microbial strains are needed for cost-effective bioaugmentation strategies. High temperatures and humidity of legume-growing regions challenge long-term cell stabilization at the desiccated state. A thermostable xeroprotectant core and hydrophobic water vapour barrier shell encapsulation technique was developed to protect desiccated cells from the environment. A trehalose core matrix increased the stability of desiccated Bradyrhizobium by three orders of magnitude over 20 days at 32°C and 50% relative humidity (RH) compared to buffer alone; however, the improvement was not deemed sufficient for a shelf-stable bioproduct. We tested common additives (skim milk, albumin, gelatin and dextran) to increase the glass transition temperature of the desiccated product to provide further stabilization. Albumin increased the glass transition temperature of the trehalose-based core by 40°C and stabilized desiccated Bradyrhizobium for 4 months during storage at high temperature (32°C) and moderate humidity (50% RH) with only 1 log loss of viability. Although the albumin-trehalose core provided exceptional protection against high temperature, it was ineffective at higher humidity conditions (75%). We therefore incorporated a paraffin shell, which protected desiccated cells against 75% RH providing proof of concept that core and shell encapsulation is an effective strategy to stabilize desiccated cells.
Application of near Infrared Spectroscopy for Estimating Wood Mechanical Properties of Small Clear and Full Length Lumber Specimens (2008)

Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, coupled with multivariate analytic statistical techniques, has been used to predict the mechanical properties of solid wood samples taken from small clear and full length lumber specimens of hybrid larch (Larix gmelinii var. japonica × Larix kaempferi). The specific mechanical characteristics evaluated were modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR) in bending tests, maximum crushing strength in compression parallel to grain (CS), dynamic modulus of elasticity of air-dried lumbers (E fr ), and wood density (DEN). Partial least squares (PLS) regression calibrations were developed for each wood property. The calibrations had relatively strong relationships between laboratory-measured and NIR-predicted values in small clear specimens, with coefficients of determination ranging from 0.61 to 0.89. The calibration models were applied to the prediction data sets and results suggested that NIR spectroscopy has the potential to predict mechanical properties of small clears with adequate accuracy (standardised prediction error=2.06-2.82). The PLS models based on spectra from the radial face ( R 2 = 0.73-0.89) of wood were slightly superior to those from the tangential face ( R 2 = 0.61-0.84). This might be due to the differences of the surface condition in terms of the anatomical structures and, thus, radial face better represents the sample. A reasonable predictive model for wood stiffness was also obtained from the full length lumber specimens, but the accuracy of the calibration for prediction was less than the small clear specimens ( R 2 = 0.49-0.78). The regression coefficients obtained from the PLS models showed similar trends in all mechanical properties. It was suggested that the absorption bands due to the OH-groups in cellulose were the major contributors to building robust models for predicting the mechanical properties of wood
Principle and Process of Heavy Metal Removal from Sewage Sludge (2000)

The sufficient removal of heavy metals from sewage sludge remains to be achieved. Heavy metals that exist on the cell surfaces of the microorganisms in the sludge seem to be dissolved by acid treatments. This study shows that heavy metals in sewage sludge can be removed easily by treating a sludge filter cake with phosphoric acid containing hydrogen peroxide for 1 h at room temperature. Phosphoric acid of 8% concentration with hydrogen peroxide showed good removal rates of heavy metals comparable to those by 1 N hydrochloric acid. Copper is easily removed from the sludge in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. From the results of the investigation of the solubilities of several copper compounds into phosphoric acid with or without hydrogen peroxide, the copper in the sludge does not exist as copper sulfides, but it seems to exist as copper thiolates containing Cu(I) in biopolymers. In this process, the phosphoric acid used for the removal of heavy metals is almost entirely recovered and is reused. Sewage sludge with low content of heavy metals can be recycled as a useful resource.
The stathmin phosphoprotein family: intracellular localization and effects on the microtubule network (1998)

Stathmin is a small regulatory phosphoprotein integrating diverse intracellular signaling pathways. It is also the generic element of a protein family including the neural proteins SCG10, SCLIP, RB3 and its two splice variants RB3' and RB3". Stathmin itself was shown to interact in vitro with tubulin in a phosphorylation-dependent manner, sequestering free tubulin and hence promoting microtubule depolymerization. We investigated the intracellular distribution and tubulin depolymerizing activity in vivo of all known members of the stathmin family. Whereas stathmin is not associated with interphase microtubules in HeLa cells, a fraction of it is concentrated at the mitotic spindle. We generated antisera specific for stathmin phosphoforms, which allowed us to visualize the regulation of phosphorylation-dephosphorylation during the successive stages of mitosis, and the partial localization of stathmin phosphorylated on serine 16 at the mitotic spindle. Results from overexpression experiments of wild-type and novel phosphorylation site mutants of stathmin further suggest that it induces depolymerization of interphase and mitotic microtubules in its unphosphorylated state but is inactivated by phosphorylation in mitosis. Phosphorylation of mutants 16A25A and 38A63A on sites 38 and 63 or 16 and 25, respectively, was sufficient for the formation of a functional spindle, whereas mutant 16A25A38A63E retained a microtubule depolymerizing activity. Transient expression of each of the neural phosphoproteins of the stathmin family showed that they are at least partially associated to the Golgi apparatus and not to other major membrane compartments, probably through their different NH2-terminal domains, as described for SCG10. Most importantly, like stathmin and SCG10, overexpressed SCLIP, RB3 and RB3" were able to depolymerize interphase microtubules. Altogether, our results demonstrate in vivo the functional conservation of the stathmin domain within each protein of the stathmin family, with a microtubule destabilizing activity most likely essential for their specific biological function(s).
Boosting Prediction of Geo-location for Web Images Through Integrating Multiple Knowledge Sources (2015)

Estimating geographical information of a given photo is a challenging task due to the massive spread of candidate locations on the earth. With the help of freely available geo-tagged Web images, the problem can be addressed by propagating geo-coordinates (latitude and longitude) of geo-related training data, which is obtained using document retrieval techniques. The state-of-the-art approach adopts language modeling technique to estimate the probability distribution of image associated tags in a local region. Under this framework, we propose to differentiate the tags based on the knowledge explored from multiple sources. Finally, a set of geo-informative tags are identified and further emphasized during the model learning and geo-location prediction. In addition, accurate geo-coordinates are estimated by incorporating the image visual information. Experiments on a large-scale geo-tagged Flickr image dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed method at different levels of evaluation granularity.
High-Dose Samarium-153 Ethylene Diamine Tetramethylene Phosphonate: Low Toxicity of Skeletal Irradiation in Patients With Osteosarcoma and Bone Metastases (2002)

(153)Sm-EDTMP with PBPC support can provide bone-specific therapeutic irradiation (estimates of 39 to 241 Gy). Hematologic toxicity at 30 mCi (153)Sm-EDTMP/kg requires PBPC grafts with more than 2 x 10(6) CD34(+)/kg to overcome myeloablative effects of skeletal irradiation. Nonhematologic side effects are minimal.
Conditional preparation of non-Gaussian quantum optical states by mesoscopic measurement (2021)

Abstract Non-Gaussian states of an optical field are important as a proposed resource in quantum information applications. While conditional preparation is a highly successful approach to preparing such states, their quality is limited by detector non-idealities such as dead time, narrow dynamic range, limited quantum efficiency and dark noise. Mesoscopic photon counters, with peak performance at higher photon number, offer many practical advantages over single-photon level conditioning detectors. Here we propose a novel approach involving displacement of the ancilla field into the regime where mesoscopic detectors can be used. We explore this strategy theoretically and present simulations accounting for experimental non-idealities such as loss and amplification noise, showing that precise photon-number resolution is not necessary to herald highly nonclassical states. We conclude that states with strong Wigner negativity can be prepared at high rates by this technique under experimentally attainable conditions.
Outage Probability of General Ad Hoc Networks in the High-Reliability Regime (2011)

Outage probabilities in wireless networks depend on various factors: the node distribution, the MAC scheme, and the models for path loss, fading, and transmission success. In prior work on outage characterization for networks with randomly placed nodes, most of the emphasis was put on networks whose nodes are Poisson-distributed and where ALOHA is used as the MAC protocol. In this paper, we provide a general framework for the analysis of outage probabilities in the high-reliability regime. The outage probability characterization is based on two parameters: the intrinsic spatial contention γ of the network, introduced by Haenggi in a previous work, and the coordination level achieved by the MAC as measured by the interference scaling exponent κ introduced in this paper. We study outage probabilities under the signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) model, Rayleigh fading, and power-law path loss and explain how the two parameters depend on the network model. The main result is that the outage probability approaches γη <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">κ</sup> as the density of interferers η goes to zero, and that κ assumes values in the range 1 ≤ κ ≤ α/2 for all practical MAC protocols, where α is the path-loss exponent. This asymptotic expression is valid for all motion-invariant point processes. We suggest a novel and complete taxonomy of MAC protocols based mainly on the value of κ. Finally, our findings suggest a conjecture that bounds the outage probability for all interferer densities.
Effectiveness of Tumor Necrosis Factor α Blockers in Early Axial Spondyloarthritis: Data From the DESIR Cohort (2014)

Our study shows that TNFα blockers are frequently used in daily practice to treat patients with early axial SpA. Our findings confirm the effectiveness of TNFα blockers as compared to any other treatment, especially in the subgroup of patients with sacroiliitis on MRI.
A Widespread Review of Smart Grids Towards Smart Cities (2019)

Nowadays, the importance of energy management and optimization by means of smart devices has arisen as an important issue. On the other hand, the intelligent application of smart devices stands as a key element in establishing smart cities, which have been suggested as the solution to complicated future urbanization difficulties in coming years. Considering the scarcity of traditional fossil fuels in the near future, besides their ecological problems the new smart grids have demonstrated the potential to merge the non-renewable and renewable energy resources into each other leading to the reduction of environmental problems and optimizing operating costs. The current paper clarifies the importance of smart grids in launching smart cities by reviewing the advancement of micro/nano grids, applications of renewable energies, energy-storage technologies, smart water grids in smart cities. Additionally a review of the major European smart city projects has been carried out. These will offer a wider vision for researchers in the operation, monitoring, control and audit of smart-grid systems.