gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multicolor Combinatorial Probe Coding for Real-Time PCR (2011)

The target volume of multiplex real-time PCR assays is limited by the number of fluorescent dyes available and the number of fluorescence acquisition channels present in the PCR instrument. We hereby explored a probe labeling strategy that significantly increased the target volume of real-time PCR detection in one reaction. The labeling paradigm, termed "Multicolor Combinatorial Probe Coding" (MCPC), uses a limited number (n) of differently colored fluorophores in various combinations to label each probe, enabling one of 2(n)-1 genetic targets to be detected in one reaction. The proof-of-principle of MCPC was validated by identification of one of each possible 15 human papillomavirus types, which is the maximum target number theoretically detectable by MCPC with a 4-color channel instrument, in one reaction. MCPC was then improved from a one-primer-pair setting to a multiple-primer-pair format through Homo-Tag Assisted Non-Dimer (HAND) system to allow multiple primer pairs to be included in one reaction. This improvement was demonstrated via identification of one of the possible 10 foodborne pathogen candidates with 10 pairs of primers included in one reaction, which had limit of detection equivalent to the uniplex PCR. MCPC was further explored in detecting combined genotypes of five β-globin gene mutations where multiple targets were co-amplified. MCPC strategy could expand the scope of real-time PCR assays in applications which are unachievable by current labeling strategy.
TR-11 * A MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND PHASE II STUDY OF IMETELSTAT (GRN163L) IN CHILDREN WITH RECURRENT OR REFRACTORY CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS) MALIGNANCIES: A PEDIATRIC BRAIN TUMOR CONSORTIUM STUDY (2015)

INTRODUCTION: Telomerase activation is critical in many cancers including CNS tumors making telomerase inhibition a potential therapeutic target. Imetelstat is an oligonucleotide that binds to the template region of the RNA component of human telomerase and inhibits its enzymatic activity. METHODS: We conducted a molecular biology (MB) and phase II study to estimate inhibition of tumor telomerase activity and sustained responses by imetelstat in children with recurrent CNS malignancies. In the MB study, patients with recurrent medulloblastoma, high-grade glioma (HGG) or ependymoma undergoing resection received one dose of imetelstat as a 2-hour intravenous infusion at 285 mg/m2, 12-24 hours before surgery. Telomerase activity was evaluated by TRAP assay in fresh tumor from surgery. Post-surgery and in the phase II study, patients received imetelstat IV (days 1 and 8 q 21-days) at 285mg/m2. Imetelstat pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics studies were performed during cycle 1. RESULTS: Of 2 evaluable patients on the MB trial, intratumoral telomerase activity was inhibited by 95% compared to baseline archival tissue in one patient (HGG) and was inevaluable in one patient (medulloblastoma) due to tumor hemorrhage. Forty-two patients (40 evaluable for toxicity) were enrolled: 9 medulloblastomas, 18 HGG, 4 ependymomas, 9 diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas. The most common grade 3/4 toxicities included thrombocytopenia (32.5%), lymphopenia (17.5%), neutropenia (12.5%), ALT (7.5%) and AST (5%) elevation. Two patients died of intratumoral hemorrhage secondary to thrombocytopenia leading to premature study closure. The median number of courses in the phase II trial was 1 (range 1-3). No objective responses were observed. Telomerase inhibition was observed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) for at least 8 days. CONCLUSION: Imetelstat demonstrated intratumoral and PBMC target inhibition; however, the regimen proved too toxic in children with recurrent CNS tumors.
Optimized Protocol To Analyze Changes in the Lipidome of Xenografts after Treatment with 2-Hydroxyoleic Acid (2015)

Xenografts are a popular model for the study of the action of new antitumor drugs. However, xenografts are highly heterogeneous structures, and therefore it is sometimes difficult to evaluate the effects of the compounds on tumor metabolism. In this context, imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) may yield the required information, due to its inherent characteristics of sensitivity and spatial resolution. To the best of our knowledge, there is still no clear analysis protocol to properly evaluate the changes between samples due to the treatment. Here we present a protocol for the evaluation of the effect of 2-hydroxyoleic acid (2-OHOA), an antitumor compound, on xenografts lipidome based on IMS. Direct treated/control comparison did not show conclusive results. As we will demonstrate, a more sophisticated protocol was required to evaluate these changes including the following: (1) identification of different areas in the xenograft, (2) classification of these areas (necrotic/viable) to compare similar types of tissues, (3) suppression of the effect of the variation of adduct formation between samples, and (4) normalization of the variables using the standard deviation to eliminate the excessive impact of the stronger peaks in the statistical analysis. In this way, the 36 lipid species that experienced the largest changes between treated and control were identified. Furthermore, incorporation of 2-hydroxyoleic acid to a sphinganine base was also confirmed by MS/MS. Comparison of the changes observed here with previous results obtained with different techniques demonstrates the validity of the protocol.
System design and development of parallel-hybrid electric vehicle based on CAN bus (2005)

Hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) are enjoying more widespread customer acceptance than battery electric vehicles (EV) because of their performance and economy. In a parallel-type HEV, the torque assisting and battery recharging control using the electric machine is the key point for efficient driving. This paper describes electric machine drive system based on DSP and CAN bus. The TMS320LF2407A DSP is employed to realize the functions as driving and generating (especially regeneration) function, pulse width modulation (PWM) waveforms production, signal receiving and their processing function. Control commands are transmitted to the DSP core via CAN bus. The electric machine torque command is generated from control command and its rotational speed. In the end, a PMDC of 20 KW drive system based on DSP and CAN bus is used as an example. Some circuit and flow chart of controller are presented.
Health-related quality of life in patients with recurrent pericarditis: results from a phase 2 study of rilonacept (2021)

ClinicalTrials.Gov; NCT03980522; 5 June 2019, retrospectively registered; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03980522 .
Parasympathetic response in chick myocytes and mouse heart is controlled by SREBP (2008)

Parasympathetic stimulation of the heart, which provides protection from arrhythmias and sudden death, involves activation of the G protein-coupled inward rectifying K+ channel GIRK1/4 and results in an acetylcholine-sensitive K+ current, I KACh. We describe a unique relationship between lipid homeostasis, the lipid-sensitive transcription factor SREBP-1, regulation of the cardiac parasympathetic response, and the development of ventricular arrhythmia. In embryonic chick atrial myocytes, lipid lowering by culture in lipoprotein-depleted serum increased SREBP-1 levels, GIRK1 expression, and I KACh activation. Regulation of the GIRK1 promoter by SREBP-1 and lipid lowering was dependent on interaction with 2 tandem sterol response elements and an upstream E-box motif. Expression of dominant negative SREBP-1 (DN-SREBP-1) reversed the effect of lipid lowering on I KACh and GIRK1. In SREBP-1 knockout mice, both the response of the heart to parasympathetic stimulation and the expression of GIRK1 were reduced compared with WT. I KACh, attenuated in atrial myocytes from SREBP-1 knockout mice, was stimulated by SREBP-1 expression. Following myocardial infarction, SREBP-1 knockout mice were twice as likely as WT mice to develop ventricular tachycardia in response to programmed ventricular stimulation. These results demonstrate a relationship between lipid metabolism and parasympathetic response that may play a role in arrhythmogenesis.
A Comparison of Streaming Models and Data Augmentation Methods for Robust Speech Recognition (2021)

In this paper, we present a comparative study on the robustness of two different online streaming speech recognition models: Monotonic Chunkwise Attention (MoChA) and Recurrent Neural Network-Transducer (RNN-T). We explore three recently proposed data augmentation techniques, namely, multi-conditioned training using an acoustic simulator, Vocal Tract Length Perturbation (VTLP) for speaker variability, and SpecAugment. Experimental results show that unidirectional models are in general more sensitive to noisy examples in the training set. It is observed that the final performance of the model depends on the proportion of training examples processed by data augmentation techniques. MoChA models generally perform better than RNN-T models. However, we observe that training of MoChA models seems to be more sensitive to various factors such as the characteristics of training sets and the incorporation of additional augmentations techniques. On the other hand, RNN-T models perform better than MoChA models in terms of latency, inference time, and the stability of training. Additionally, RNN-T models are generally more robust against noise and reverberation. All these advantages make RNN-T models a better choice for streaming on-device speech recognition compared to MoChA models.
Differential Effect of Platelet-derived Growth Factor- Versus Serum-induced Growth on Smooth Muscle α-Actin and Nonmuscle β-Actin mRNA Expression in Cultured Rat Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells (1989)

Previous studies have demonstrated that rat aortic smooth muscle cells (SMC) show marked changes in smooth muscle (SM) alpha-actin content and fractional synthesis as a function of cell density and growth (Owens, G. K., Loeb, A., Gordon, D., and Thompson, M. M. (1986) J. Cell Biol. 102, 343-352; Blank, R., Thompson, M. M., and Owens, G. K. (1988) J. Cell Biol. 107, 299-306). Results of this study show that, although there is a 6-fold increase in SM alpha-actin content in postconfluent density arrested cultures as compared to proliferating subconfluent cultures, SM alpha-actin mRNA levels are not different between these cells. This suggests that the SM alpha-actin gene is constitutively active under both of these conditions and that accumulation of SM alpha-actin in postconfluent cells is due to translational and/or post-translational controls. The relationship between growth and cytodifferentiation was further explored by examining the effects of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)- or serum-induced growth on actin expression in postconfluent, quiescent cultures maintained in a defined serum-free media. Although both factors have been shown to stimulate proliferation and decrease fractional SM alpha-actin synthesis (Blank et al., 1988), their effects on actin mRNA levels were quite different. PDGF was found to induce a dramatic drop in SM alpha-actin steady state mRNA level but had no effect on nonmuscle beta-actin mRNA level. In contrast, serum stimulation was shown to increase nonmuscle beta-actin mRNA level, whereas SM alpha-actin mRNA level remained constant. Taken together these results indicate that PDGF is a specific and potent repressor of SM alpha-actin expression in vascular SMC and implicate a possible developmental role for PDGF in control of SMC differentiation. In addition, the observation that the level of SM alpha-actin mRNA is unaltered in serum-stimulated cells indicates that an absolute decrease in SM alpha-actin mRNA is not obligatory for cell cycle entrance.
Principles of Polymer Systems (2014)

Maintaining a balance between depth and breadth, the Sixth Edition of Principles of Polymer Systems continues to present an integrated approach to polymer science and engineering. A classic text in the field, the new edition offers a comprehensive exploration of polymers at a level geared toward upper-level undergraduates and beginning graduate stu
SYNTHESIS OF SINGLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES FROM LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS (2008)

Hydrocarbons such as methane, ethylene, and CO with high purity (&gt; 99.9%) have been widely used to synthesize single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). Here, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) was used to synthesize SWCNTs by catalytic chemical vapor deposition. The LPG converted into CNTs and other stable hydrocarbons. The BET specific surface area of SWCNT was about 583 m 2 /g. The as-grown SWCNT showed good graphitization. The graphitization can be further modulated by the growth temperature. Certain amount of sulfur in LPG was a promoter for SWCNT growth. Compared SWCNTs obtained from methane, more semiconductive SWCNTs were synthesized from LPG as carbon source. The LPG is in low price, thus, a methodology to lower the production cost of SWCNTs with hydrocarbon mixtures is realized.
Most CML patients who have a suboptimal response to imatinib have low OCT-1 activity: higher doses of imatinib may overcome the negative impact of low OCT-1 activity (2007)

Interpatient variability in intracellular uptake and retention (IUR) of imatinib may be due to variable function of the OCT-1 influx pump. OCT-1 activity was measured in pretherapy blood from chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients by calculating the difference in IUR of [(14)C]-imatinib with and without OCT-1 inhibition. Of patients with higher than median (high) OCT-1 activity, 85% achieved major molecular response (MMR) by 24 months, versus 45% with no more than a median (low) OCT-1 activity. Assessing patients receiving 600 mg imatinib per day and those averaging fewer than 600 mg over 12 months of therapy revealed patients with high OCT-1 activity achieved excellent molecular response regardless of dose, whereas response of patients with low OCT-1 activity was highly dose dependent. Of patients with low OCT-1 activity who received fewer than 600 mg, 45% failed to achieve a 2-log reduction by 12 months, and 82% failed to achieve a MMR by 18 months, compared with 8% and 17% in the cohort with high OCT-1 activity and dose less than 600 mg/day (P = .017 and P = .022). OCT-1 activity is an important determinant of molecular response to imatinib, with predictive value closely linked to dose. This pretherapy assay identifies patients at greatest risk of suboptimal response where dose intensity is critical, and those likely to respond equally well to standard dose imatinib.
The role of IL-1 in the regulation of copeptin in patients with metabolic syndrome (2020)

Arginine vasopressin (AVP) was suggested to contribute to cardiovascular risk and type 2 diabetes in patients with metabolic syndrome. The proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1 is able to induce AVP secretion and plays a causal role in cardiovascular mortality and type 2 diabetes. We investigated in two studies whether copeptin levels - the surrogate marker for AVP - are regulated by IL-1-mediated chronic inflammation in patients with metabolic syndrome. Study A was a prospective, interventional, single-arm study (2014-2016). Study B was a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study (2016-2017). n = 73 (Study A) and n = 66 (Study B) adult patients with metabolic syndrome were treated with 100 mg anakinra or placebo (only in study B) twice daily for 1 day (study A) and 28 days (study B). Fasting blood samples were drawn at day 1, 7, and 28 of treatment for measurement of serum copeptin. Patients with chronic low-grade inflammation (C-reactive protein levels ≥2 mg/L) and BMI >35 kg/m2 had higher baseline copeptin levels (7.7 (IQR 4.9-11.9) vs 5.8 (IQR 3.9-9.3) pmol/L, Pinflamm = 0.009; 7.8 (IQR 5.4-11.7) vs 4.9 (IQR 3.7-9.8) pmol/L, PBMI = 0.008). Copeptin levels did not change either in the anakinra or in the placebo group and remained stable throughout the treatment (P = 0.44). Subgroup analyses did not reveal effect modifications. Therefore, we conclude that, although IL-1-mediated inflammation is associated with increased circulating copeptin levels, antagonizing IL-1 does not significantly alter copeptin levels in patients with metabolic syndrome.
Role of wettability in the preparation of metal-matrix composites (1984)

In recent years a variety of ceramic and glass particles or fibres were incorporated in metal matrices either by liquid metallurgy techniques including casting or infiltration processes or by compaction of powders involving liquid phase sintering. These composites prepared under optimum conditions showed improved technological properties such as hardness, tensile and compressive strength, wear and abrasion resistance and high temperature creep. However, the basic problem encountered in the fabrication of these composites was the rejection of the ceramic phase by the liquid metal due to their lack of wettability. Attempts were, therefore, made to improve wettability of ceramic phases by liquid metals using various innovations. The present paper reviews the different techniques available to improve wettability with special reference to the dispersion of the ceramic particles in cast metal matrices.
Coverage Improvement by Adaptive Bandwidth Control Corresponding to Radio Channel Fluctuation in Multi-Band IoT Systems with Spectrum Sharing Systems (2021)

This paper clarifies cell coverage improvement by bandwidth control corresponding to radio channel fluctuation in multi-band IoT systems with spectrum sharing. The results by computer simulation show that the bandwidth control can improve the coverage of an interfering multi-band system by 10% at the use rate of 70% and the inter-system power rate of 20 dB when an interfered system uses the frequency band of third-order inter-modulation distortion caused by the interfering system. The results also show that the usable bandwidth rate to achieve the required coverage can be improved by up to 12%.
Control-Aware Design Optimization for Bio-Inspired Quadruped Robots (2021)

We present a control-aware design optimization method for quadrupedal robots. In particular, we show that it is possible to analytically differentiate typical, inverse dynamics-based whole body controllers with respect to design parameters, and that gradient-based methods can be used to efficiently improve an initial morphological design according to well-established metrics. We apply our design optimization method to various types of quadrupedal robots, including designs that feature closed kinematic chains. The methodology we present enables a principled comparison of different types of optimized legged robot designs. Our experiments, for example, suggest that mechanically-coupled three-link leg designs present notable advantages in terms of performance and efficiency over the common two-link leg designs used in most quadrupedal robots today.
The analgesic effect of oral delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), morphine, and a THC-morphine combination in healthy subjects under experimental pain conditions (2003)

From folk medicine and anecdotal reports it is known that Cannabis may reduce pain. In animal studies it has been shown that delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) has antinociceptive effects or potentiates the antinociceptive effect of morphine. The aim of this study was to measure the analgesic effect of THC, morphine, and a THC-morphine combination (THC-morphine) in humans using experimental pain models. THC (20 mg), morphine (30 mg), THC-morphine (20 mg THC+30 mg morphine), or placebo were given orally and as single doses. Twelve healthy volunteers were included in the randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, crossover study. The experimental pain tests (order randomized) were heat, cold, pressure, single and repeated transcutaneous electrical stimulation. Additionally, reaction time, side-effects (visual analog scales), and vital functions were monitored. For the pharmacokinetic profiling, blood samples were collected. THC did not significantly reduce pain. In the cold and heat tests it even produced hyperalgesia, which was completely neutralized by THC-morphine. A slight additive analgesic effect could be observed for THC-morphine in the electrical stimulation test. No analgesic effect resulted in the pressure and heat test, neither with THC nor THC-morphine. Psychotropic and somatic side-effects (sleepiness, euphoria, anxiety, confusion, nausea, dizziness, etc.) were common, but usually mild.
Hepatobiliary infections (1999)

Major hepatobiliary infections include cholangitis and liver abscess. Liver abscess is typically either of pyogenic or amebic origin. Amebic liver abscess usually occurs in individuals from endemic areas or those traveling to endemic areas and is associated with an excellent prognosis if properly managed, usually with one of several antiamebicidal drugs alone. Pyogenic liver abscess is most often cryptogenic in origin, although sophisticated advanced interventional procedures such as transarterial embolization and cryoablation are leading to a new generation of patients with pyogenic liver abscess. A distinct clinical entity appears to be evolving, namely that of monomicrobial Klebsiella pneumoniae pyogenic liver abscess, characterized by the same symptoms and signs as classic pyogenic liver abscess, but further distinguished by the presence of diabetes mellitus, a paucity of coexistent intra-abdominal pathology, a single cavity, and an excellent prognosis. As of 1999, the vast majority of pyogenic liver abscesses should be approached therapeutically by percutaneous aspiration or drainage techniques. The overall prognosis for patients with pyogenic liver abscess is improving, although poor outcomes are common in patients with serious underlying medical disorders, especially malignancy.
Receiver-initiated busy-tone multiple access in packet radio networks (1987)

The ALOHA and Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) protocols have been proposed for packet radio networks (PRN). However, CSMA/CD which gives superior performance and has been successful applied in local area networks cannot be readily applied in PRN since the locally generated signals will overwhelm a remote transmission, rendering it impossible to tell whether a collision has occurred or not. In addition, CSMA and CSMA/CD suffer from the “hidden node” problem in a multihop PRN. In this paper, we develop the Receiver-Initiated Busy-Tone Multiple Access Protocol to resolve these difficulties. Both fully connected and multihop networks are studied. The busy tone serves as an acknowledgement and prevents conflicting transmissions from other nodes, including “hidden nodes”.