gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Activity of Methyl‐2‐aminopyridine‐4‐carboxylate Derivatives (2012)

A series of methyl‐2‐aminopyridine‐4‐carboxylate derivatives, 3a–f, were synthesized in order to determine their in vitro antimicrobial activity. The chemical structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by elemental analyses, FT‐IR, and 1 H NMR spectral studies. Among the synthesized compounds, 3c and 3d showed good antimicrobial activity compared to other compounds in the series.
High Frequency of Functionally Active Melan-A–Specific T Cells in a Patient with Progressive Immunoproteasome-Deficient Melanoma (2004)

Tumor-reactive T cells play an important role in cancer immunosurveillance. Applying the multimer technology, we report here an unexpected high frequency of Melan-A-specific CTLs in a melanoma patient with progressive lymph node metastases, consisting of 18 and 12.8% of total peripheral blood and tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells, respectively. Melan-A-specific CTLs revealed a high cytolytic activity against allogeneic Melan-A-expressing target cells but failed to kill the autologous tumor cells. Loading of the tumor cells with Melan-A peptide reversed the resistance to killing, suggesting impaired function of the MHC class I antigen processing and presentation pathway. Mutations of the coding region of the HLA-A2 binding Melan-A26-35 peptide or down-regulation of the MHC class I heavy chain, the antigenic peptide TAP, and tapasin could be excluded. However, PCR and immunohistochemical analysis revealed a deficiency of the immunoproteasomes low molecular weight protein 2 and low molecular weight protein 7 in the primary tumor cells, which affects the quantity and quality of generated T-cell epitopes and might explain the resistance to killing. This is supported by our data, demonstrating that the resistance to killing can be partially reversed by pre-exposure of the tumor cells to IFN-gamma, which is known to induce the immunoproteasomes. Overall, this is the first report of an extremely high frequency of tumor-specific CTLs that exhibit competent T-cell-effector functions but fail to lyse the autologous tumor cells. Immunotherapeutic approaches should not only focus on the induction of a robust antitumor immune response, but should also have to target tumor immune escape mechanisms.
Corneal Biomechanics and Biomaterials (2011)

The ability to clearly observe one's environment in the visible spectrum provides a tremendous evolutionary advantage in most of the world's habitats. The complex optical processing system that has evolved in higher vertebrate animals gathers, focuses, detects, transduces, and interprets incoming visible light. The cornea resides at the front end of this imaging system, where it provides a clear optical aperture, substantial refractive power, and the structural stability required to protect the fragile intraocular components. Nature has resolved these simultaneous design requirements through an exceedingly clever manipulation of common extracellular-matrix structural materials (e.g., collagen and proteoglycans). In this review, we (a) examine the biophysical and optical roles of the cornea, (b) discuss increasingly popular approaches to altering its natural refractive properties with an emphasis on biomechanics, and (c) investigate the fast-rising science of corneal replacement via synthetic biomaterials. We close by considering relevant open problems that would benefit from the increased attention of bioengineers.
Managing recurrent bacterial vaginosis (2004)

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most frequently found condition of the female genital tract. It increases a woman's risk of acquiring HIV, is associated with increased complications in pregnancy, and may be involved in the pathogenesis of pelvic inflammatory disease. Yet there are many unanswered questions about its aetiology, making management of recurrent infection difficult and often idiosyncratic. This paper discusses the current knowledge and possible management of recurrent BV.
Clinical Study of Recombinant Factor VIIa (NN-007) in Hemophilia Patients with Inhibitors (1994)

Phase I study was conducted to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and safety of two dose levels of recombinant factor Vila (rF VIIa, NN-007) in two hemophilia A patients with inhibitor. The mean half-life of rF Vila was 2.5±0.5 hours. rF VIIa shortened the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and the prothrombin time (PT). No adverse events were observed.Phase III study was conducted to evaluate the safety, efficacy and also pharmacokinetics of rF VIIa in 17 hemophilia A or B patients with inhibitor. The mean half-life of rF VIIa was 2.6±0.5 hours. Both the APTT and the PT were significantly shortened by rF VIIa. In 407 bleeding episodes treated with rF VIIa the efficacy rate of hemostatic effect was 72.7%. No adverse events including laboratory or clinical DIC were observed during the study. There was no indication of new antibody formation against rF VIIa, BHK protein, murine IgG and bovine serum protein.These results indicate that rF VIIa is safe and effective for the hemostatic management in hemophiliacs with inhibitor.
Relaxed Block-Diagonal Dictionary Pair Learning With Locality Constraint for Image Recognition (2021)

We propose a novel structured analysis-synthesis dictionary pair learning method for efficient representation and image classification, referred to as relaxed block-diagonal dictionary pair learning with a locality constraint (RBD-DPL). RBD-DPL aims to learn relaxed block-diagonal representations of the input data to enhance the discriminability of both analysis and synthesis dictionaries by dynamically optimizing the block-diagonal components of representation, while the off-block-diagonal counterparts are set to zero. In this way, the learned synthesis subdictionary is allowed to be more flexible in reconstructing the samples from the same class, and the analysis dictionary effectively transforms the original samples into a relaxed coefficient subspace, which is closely associated with the label information. Besides, we incorporate a locality-constraint term as a complement of the relaxation learning to enhance the locality of the analytical encoding so that the learned representation exhibits high intraclass similarity. A linear classifier is trained in the learned relaxed representation space for consistent classification. RBD-DPL is computationally efficient because it avoids both the use of class-specific complementary data matrices to learn discriminative analysis dictionary, as well as the time-consuming l<sub>1</sub>/l<sub>0</sub> -norm sparse reconstruction process. The experimental results demonstrate that our RBD-DPL achieves at least comparable or better recognition performance than the state-of-the-art algorithms. Moreover, both the training and testing time are significantly reduced, which verifies the efficiency of our method. The MATLAB code of the proposed RBD-DPL is available at https://github.com/chenzhe207/RBD-DPL.
Technique for Estimating the Number of Active Flows in High-Speed Networks (2008)

The online collection of coarse-grained traffic information, such as the total number of flows, is gaining in importance due to a wide range of applications, such as congestion control and network security. In this paper, we focus on an active queue management scheme called SRED since it estimates the number of active flows and uses the quantity to indicate the level of congestion. However, SRED has several limitations, such as instability in estimating the number of active flows and underestimation of active flows in the presence of non-responsive traffic. We present a Markov model to examine the capability of SRED in estimating the number of flows. We show how the SRED cache hit rate can be used to quantify the number of active flows. We then propose a modified SRED scheme, called hash-based two-level caching (HaTCh), which uses hashing and a two-level caching mechanism to accurately estimate the number of active flows under various workloads. Simulation results indicate that the proposed scheme provides a more accurate estimation of the number of active flows than SRED, stabilizes the estimation with respect to workload fluctuations, and prevents performance degradation by efficiently isolating non-responsive flows.
The Prognostic Potential of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide on the Development of Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation after Cardiac Surgery (2021)

MR-proANP proved to be a strong and independent predictor of the development of POAF. Considering a personalized diagnostic and prognostic preoperative work-up, a standardized preoperative evaluation of MR-proANP levels might help to identify patients at risk for development of POAF after cardiac surgery.
Selective Aminolysis of Benzoates and Acetates of α-Hydroxy Acids and Phenols With Benzylamine and Butan-1-amine (1987)

Benzoates and acetates of a-hydroxy acids and phenols undergo facile aminolysis on treating with benzylamine or butan-1-amine in benzene at room temperature. Under the same conditions acetates and benzoates of alcohols are unaffected.
Positron Emission Tomography–Computed Tomography in Paraneoplastic Neurologic Disorders (2010)

In a paraneoplastic neurologic context, PET-CT improves the detection of cancers when other screening test results are negative, particularly in the setting of seropositivity for a neuronal nuclear or cytoplasmic autoantibody marker of cancer.
Temporal Self-Compression and Self-Frequency Shift of Submicrojoule Pulses at a Repetition Rate of 8 MHz (2022)

We combine soliton dynamics in gas-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fibers with a state-of-the-art fiber laser to realize a turnkey system producing few-femtosecond pulses at 8-MHz repetition rate at pump energies as low as 220 nJ. Furthermore, by exploiting the soliton self-frequency shift in a second hydrogen-filled hollow-core fiber, we efficiently generate pulses as short as 22 fs, continuously tunable from 1100 to 1474 nm.
LOXL2 catalytically inactive mutants mediate epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (2014)

Lysyl-oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2) is a member of the lysyl oxidase family that catalyzes the cross-linking of collagens or elastins in the extracellular matrix, thus regulating the tensile strength of tissues. However, many reports have suggested different intracellular roles for LOXL2, including the ability to regulate gene transcription and tumor progression. We previously reported that LOXL2 mediates epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by Snail1-dependent and independent mechanisms, related to E-cadherin silencing and downregulation of epidermal differentiation and cell polarity components, respectively. Whether or not the catalytic activity of LOXL2 is required to induce/sustain EMT is actually unknown. Here we show that LOXL2 catalytic inactive mutants collaborate with Snail1 in E-cadherin gene repression to trigger EMT and, in addition, promote FAK/Src pathway activation to support EMT. These findings reveal a non-conventional role of LOXL2 on regulating epithelial cell plasticity.
Unusual coexistence of a renal anomaly and germ cell tumor: An embryonal happenstance? (2012)

The germ cell lines and kidney develop in close proximity in a similar embronic period. The extragonadal germ cell tumors and horseshoe kidney both are the result of abnormal migration of two germ line cells. Apart from origin, the combined incidence of mediastinal germ cell tumor with renal anomaly is a therapeutic challenge. This case review is an effort to address the various issues ranging from delima in origin to management and follow-up.
Transforming growth factor-beta inhibits phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma susceptibility gene product in human monocytic leukemia cell line JOSK-I. (1992)

Proliferation of the human monocytic leukemia cell line JOSK-I is inhibited by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta). Growth inhibition by TGF-beta was not due to either a toxic effect or to induction of differentiation. TGF-beta induced a cell cycle arrest at late G1 phase and was not found to be inhibitory to JOSK-I cells in S phase or G2/M. This G1 cell cycle arrest was associated with an accumulation of the unphosphorylated form of the retinoblastoma susceptibility gene product (Rb) in good correlation with inhibition of DNA synthesis. In contrast to the effects of TGF-beta, two other agents which induced a G1 arrest of JOSK-I cells had a different effect on Rb. Aphidicolin blocked cells at G1/S but could not reduce Rb phosphorylation as great as that seen with TGF-beta. 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, an inducer of differentiation, did reduce Rb phosphorylation, but not until 72 h, when differentiation had already occurred. The identities of the Rb kinases are unknown, but recent evidence suggests that the cdc2 gene product could participate in Rb phosphorylation. Although cdc2 mRNA and total protein levels were not affected, TGF-beta inhibited the rate of translation and kinase activity of cdc2 in JOSK-I cells. These results suggest that growth inhibition of hematopoietic cells by TGF-beta is linked to suppression of Rb phosphorylation to retain Rb in an unphosphorylated, growth-inhibitory state. The suppression of Rb phosphorylation is suggested to be mediated through inhibition of cdc2 kinase activity by TGF-beta.
Supplementary Data from Altered Gene Expression along the Glycolysis–Cholesterol Synthesis Axis Is Associated with Outcome in Pancreatic Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figures and Tables&lt;/p&gt;
Preparation and characterization of electrochemical supercapacitors based on SWNT/PPy nanocomposites (2010)

We report preparation and characterization of novel nanocomposite electrodes consisting of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) and polypyrrole (PPy) for electrochemical supercapacitors. The electrodes in the form of papers and fibers were prepared by i) vacuum filtration of SWNT/PPy methanol dispersion and ii) wet-spinning of SWNT/PPy aqueous dispersion, respectively. Electrochemical properties of prepared nanocomposites were investigated using cyclic voltammetry method in aqueous NaCl and NaPF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> electrolytes. The capacitance of the SWNT/PPy nanocomposite papers was about 5 times higher than that of pristine SWNT paper. The capacitance of SWNT/PPy fibers reached record 200 F/g values. Prospective applications of prepared materials range from supercapacitors to electrodes for batteries and electromechanical actuators.
Evaluation of Relationships between Growth Rate, Tree Size, Lignocellulose Composition, and Enzymatic Saccharification in Interspecific Corymbia Hybrids and Parental Taxa (2016)

In order for a lignocellulosic bioenergy feedstock to be considered sustainable, it must possess a high rate of growth to supply biomass for conversion. Despite the desirability of a fast growth rate for industrial application, it is unclear what effect growth rate has on biomass composition or saccharification. We characterized Klason lignin, glucan, and xylan content with response to growth in <i>Corymbia</i> interspecific F1 hybrid families (HF) and parental species <i>Corymbia torelliana</i> and <i>C. citriodora</i> subspecies <i>variegata</i> and measured the effects on enzymatic hydrolysis from hydrothermally pretreated biomass. Analysis of biomass composition within <i>Corymbia</i> populations found similar amounts of Klason lignin content (19.7-21.3%) among parental and hybrid populations, whereas glucan content was clearly distinguished within <i>C. citriodora</i> subspecies <i>variegata</i> (52%) and HF148 (60%) as compared to other populations (28-38%). Multiple linear regression indicates that biomass composition is significantly impacted by tree size measured at the same age, with Klason lignin content increasing with diameter breast height (DBH) (+0.12% per cm DBH increase), and glucan and xylan typically decreasing per DBH cm increase (-0.7 and -0.3%, respectively). Polysaccharide content within <i>C. citriodora</i> subspecies <i>variegata</i> and HF-148 were not significantly affected by tree size. High-throughput enzymatic saccharification of hydrothermally pretreated biomass found significant differences among <i>Corymbia</i> populations for total glucose production from biomass, with parental <i>Corymbia torelliana</i> and hybrids HF-148 and HF-51 generating the highest amounts of glucose (~180 mg/g biomass, respectively), with HF-51 undergoing the most efficient glucan-to-glucose conversion (74%). Based on growth rate, biomass composition, and further optimization of enzymatic saccharification yield, high production <i>Corymbia</i> hybrid trees are potentially suitable for fast-rotation bioenergy or biomaterial production.
Hydrogen Sulfide Alleviates Anxiety, Motor, and Cognitive Dysfunctions in Rats with Maternal Hyperhomocysteinemia via Mitigation of Oxidative Stress (2020)

Hydrogen sulfide (H<sub>2</sub>S) is endogenously produced from sulfur containing amino acids, including homocysteine and exerts neuroprotective effects. An increase of homocysteine during pregnancy impairs fetal growth and development of the offspring due to severe oxidative stress. We analyzed the effects of the H<sub>2</sub>S donor-sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) administered to female rats with hyperhomocysteinemia (hHcy) on behavioral impairments and levels of oxidative stress of their offspring. Rats born from females fed with control or high methionine diet, with or without H<sub>2</sub>S donor injections were investigated. Rats with maternal hHcy exhibit increased levels of total locomotor activity and anxiety, decreased muscle endurance and motor coordination, abnormalities of fine motor control, as well as reduced spatial memory and learning. Oxidative stress in brain tissues measured by activity of glutathione peroxidases and the level of malondialdehyde was higher in rats with maternal hHcy. Concentrations of H<sub>2</sub>S and the activity and expression of the H<sub>2</sub>S generating enzyme-cystathionine-beta synthase-were lower compared to the control group. Administration of the H<sub>2</sub>S donor to females with hHcy during pregnancy prevented behavioral alterations and oxidative stress of their offspring. The acquisition of behavioral together with biochemical studies will add to our knowledge about homocysteine neurotoxicity and proposes H<sub>2</sub>S as a potential agent for therapy of hHcy associated disorders.
Directional-rational approach for color image enhancement (2002)

In this paper, we present an unsharp masking-based approach for noise smoothing and edge enhancing in multichannel images. The proposed structure is similar to the conventional unsharp masking structure, however, the enhancement is allowed only in the direction of maximal change and the enhancement parameter is computed as a nonlinear function of the rate of change. The proposed scheme enhances the true details, limits the overshoot near sharp edges and attenuates noise in flat areas. Moreover the use of the control function eliminates the need for the subjective coefficient /spl lambda/ used in the conventional unsharp masking technique. Simulations results show that the processed image presents sharp edges which makes it more pleasant to the human eye. Moreover, the amount of noise in the image is clearly reduced.
Personalized news through content augmentation and profiling (2003)

This paper is concerned with the topic of personalized news assembly at the set-top box, based on augmented video. This is video complemented with additional information that is somehow relevant to the semantic video content. We touch upon the technique that is used for video augmentation, which is video subject detection followed by information searches on the subject. The focus of this paper is on subject detection implemented using traditional text analysis tools; video segmentation is based on these results and visual processing. We describe the architecture of such a system and the benefits to the consumer. Further we discuss a preliminary system that shows the viability of the concept.
Open Architecture for a Packet-Optical Solution (2013)

PM-QPSK 100G coherent technology based packet optical solution is creating new multilayer convergence network architecture. The black link standardization is expanding from 10G to 100G physical interfaces and leads to line side interoperability between different vendors. In addition, efforts are under way to define a network management interface. A packet optical solution is reviewed and the operation model of the new network architecture based on packet optical solution is discussed. The final goal is an open packet optical network architecture and the key ingredient is the path computation element that enables an integrated provisioning for IP/MPLS and wavelength.
Mobile camera supported document redirection (2006)

In this demonstration, we are going to illustrate how to use a mobile camera to redirect documents to various devices connected to the same network.
Benchmarking nitrogen removal suspended-carrier biofilm systems using dynamic simulation (2002)

We are witnessing an enormous growth in biological nitrogen removal from wastewater. It presents specific challenges beyond traditional COD (carbon) removal. A possibility for optimised process design is the use of biomass-supporting media. In this paper, attached growth processes (AGP) are evaluated using dynamic simulations. The advantages of these systems that were qualitatively described elsewhere, are validated quantitatively based on a simulation benchmark for activated sludge treatment systems. This simulation benchmark is extended with a biofilm model that allows for fast and accurate simulation of the conversion of different substrates in a biofilm. The economic feasibility of this system is evaluated using the data generated with the benchmark simulations. Capital savings due to volume reduction and reduced sludge production are weighed out against increased aeration costs. In this evaluation, effluent quality is integrated as well.
A hybrid robust adaptive control for a quadrotor UAV via mass observer and robust controller (2021)

The flight stability and safety of the quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with variable mass are the key problems that limit its application. In order to improve the stability and steady-state control precision of the quadrotor system against slow-varying mass and external disturbance, a new robust adaptive flight control algorithm is developed and analyzed in detail in this paper. Firstly, a mass observer based on adaptive control theory is designed to estimate the real-time mass and correct the mass parameter of the UAV. Then, a hyperbolic tangent function and a proportional integral (PI) controller is added into the attitude controller to eliminate the effect of the external disturbances. Finally, a hybrid robust adaptive controller (HRAC) developed with backstepping control method is used here for the trajectory tracking of quadrotor. The boundedness of the nonlinear system is verified by Lyapunov stability theory and uniformly ultimately bounded theorem. The trajectory tracking simulation experiments are presented in MATLAB/SIMULINK simulation environment. According to the simulation results, the real-time mass of quadrotor can be estimated by HRAC satisfactorily under the condition of external disturbances, while the estimate error of mass is only 6.4% of its own. In addition, HRAC can provide a higher trajectory tracking accuracy compared with robust optimal backstepping control (ROBC) and robust generalized dynamic inversion (RGDI). The results suggest a promising route based on the mass observer and hybrid robust controller toward slow-varying mass and the external disturbance as effective robustness control strategy for quadrotor UAV.