gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modulated Reflectance Analysis of Complex Surface Structures (1998)

An analytical approach is presented for correlating modulated reflectance spectra and complex surface structure. A response function is constructed of specular reflectance from metal surfaces that are both rough and spatially dispersive. The method of analysis is based on a response function formulation that entails a windowing operation. This windowing operation is not ad hoc and is theoretically well founded for providing a statistical interpretation of the permittivity function. The initial analysis indicates that the windowing operation provides for a robust formulation that is conveniently adaptable to a wide range of frequencies, spanning regimes characterized by different response characteristics. A prototype case using this windowed response function formulation is applied to the electroreflectivity spectra, from 1.5 to 4.5 eV, of roughened silver electrodes. The electrode is modeled by a two-interface system as the basis of a parameterization of experimentally measured response functions, which are partitioned into reflectivity and transparent regimes by the windowing operation. The bulk plasmons and defect polaritons are characterized by our robust formulation. In addition, we present a discussion of the general significance of our approach with respect to the application of statistical pattern recognition to the analysis of modulated reflectivity data.
Epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cells contribute to breast cancer heterogeneity (2018)

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, and accounts for ~30% of new cancer cases and 15% of cancer-related deaths. Tumor relapse and metastasis are primary factors contributing to breast cancer-related deaths. Therefore, the challenge for breast cancer treatment is to sustain remission. A driving force behind tumor relapse is breast cancer heterogeneity (both intertumor, between different patients, and intratumor, within the same tumor). Understanding breast cancer heterogeneity is necessary to develop preventive interventions and targeted therapies. A recently emerging concept is that intratumor heterogeneity is driven by cancer stem cells (CSCs) that are capable of giving rise to a multitude of different cells within a tumor. Studies have highlighted linkage of CSC formation with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In this review, we summarize the current understanding of breast cancer heterogeneity, links between EMT and CSCs, regulation of EMT by Runx transcription factors, and potential therapeutic strategies targeting these processes.
A Biochemical Markers Assisted Wheat Breeding Scheme Including Conventional andIn VitroTechniques (1999)

The general direction in wheat breeding in the IWS “Dobroudja” is the creation of varieties combining the two main characters—productivity and quality. The aim of this proposal is to summarize the possibilities for solving this task by including an improved technology besides the classical breeding methods, as well as some biochemical and biotechnological methods—embryo culture, electrophoresis of storage proteins and anther culture. An improved scheme of the breeding process is discussed.
Human Pro-Tumor Necrosis Factor: Molecular Determinants of Membrane Translocation, Sorting, and Maturation (1995)

Human pro-tumor necrosis factor (pro-TNF) is a type II transmembrane protein with a highly conserved 76-residue leader sequence. We have analyzed the behavior, both in a microsomal translocational system and by transfection, of a series of mutants with deletions from the cytoplasmic, transmembrane, and linking domains. Cytoplasmic deletions included the Arg doublet at -49 and -48 and/or the Lys doublet at -58 and -57; additional mutants included deletion of residues -73 to -55 and -73 to -55, -49, and -48. The transmembrane and linking domain mutants included deletions in the -42 to -35 region, combined with the deletion of residues -32 to -1. Two hybrid mutants combined the cytoplasmic deletions with the deletion of residues -32 to -1. All of the cytoplasmic deletion mutants were properly translocated, as were the transmembrane deletion mutants with deletions up to residues -36, -35, -32 to -1, although the last one exhibited reduced efficiency; further incremental deletions, including deletions of residues -38 to -35 and -32 to -1, completely blocked translocation. Both hybrid mutants were effectively translocated; furthermore, transfection analysis revealed competent expression and maturation of both the cytoplasmic and hybrid mutants. Thus, proper expression and maturation of human pro-TNF can be accomplished with as few as approximately 12 of the 26 residues of the native transmembrane domain and with a net negative charge in the cytoplasmic domain flanking the transmembrane region.
Supplementary Figure from FOXR2 Is an Epigenetically Regulated Pan-Cancer Oncogene That Activates ETS Transcriptional Circuits (2023)

Supplementary Figure from FOXR2 Is an Epigenetically Regulated Pan-Cancer Oncogene That Activates ETS Transcriptional Circuits
Identification of new commercials using repeated video sequence detection (2005)

Automated commercial detection can be performed by matching features extracted from commercials or by detecting embedded codes that are hidden within the commercial. In both cases, it is necessary to create a database of known commercials that contain the information necessary for detection. In this paper, we present an automated technique for locating previously unknown commercials by continuously monitoring broadcast television signals. Our system has two components: repeated video sequence detection, and feature-based classification of video sequences as commercials or non-commercials. Our system utilizes customized temporal video segmentation techniques to automatically partition the digital video signal into semantically sensible shots and scenes. As each frame of the video source is processed, we extract auxiliary information to facilitate repeated sequence detection. When the video transition marking the end of the shot/scene is detected, we are able to rapidly locate all previous occurrences of the video clip. In order to classify video sequences as commercials or non-commercials, we extract a number of features from each video sequence that characterize the temporal and chromatic variations within the clip. We have evaluated three classification approaches using this information and have consistently achieved over 90% accuracy identifying new commercials and non-commercials as they are broadcast.
A Contention-Free Packet Scheduling Scheme for Provision of Quality-of- Service in Tbit/sec WDM Networks (2000)

Guaranteed Quality-of-Service (QoS) is a predominant requirement from modern high-performance switches and routers. Such devices are expected to support a large number of ports at high line rates carrying traffic with diverse statistical properties. In this paper a scheduling scheme for high-performance WDM packet-switch networks is presented. The proposed architecture is contention-free, scalable, easy to implement and requires no internal &amp;quot;speedup&amp;quot;. Moreover, the scheme inherently supports the provision of per-class QoS. Non-uniform destination distribution and bursty cell arrivals are studied for a switch with an aggregated throughput of 1 Tbit/sec. Simulation results show that class-differentiated low latency is achieved, yielding a powerful solution for high-performance packet-switch networks.
Pion production in deeply virtual Compton scattering (2003)

Using a soft pion theorem based on chiral symmetry and a $\ensuremath{\Delta}(1232)$ resonance model, we propose an estimate for the production cross section of low energy pions in the deeply virtual Compton scattering (DVCS) process. In particular, we express the $e\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{p}e\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\pi}N$ processes in terms of generalized parton distributions. We provide estimates of the contamination of the $e\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{p}e\ensuremath{\gamma}p$ DVCS observables due to this associated pion production process when the experimental data are not fully exclusive, for a set of kinematical conditions representative of present or planned experiments at JLab, HERMES, and COMPASS.
The Role of Insulin-Like Growth Factor I in Age-Related Changes in Calcium Homeostasis in Men1 (2000)

The aim of this study was to evaluate hormonal influences on age-related changes in calcium homeostasis in men. We recruited 178 healthy men, ages 20-79 (about 30 per decade). We measured serum calcium, phosphate, urinary calcium, and creatinine clearance. Dietary calcium intake and use of fish oils were determined by questionnaire. Fractional calcium absorption was estimated using the stable strontium technique in a subgroup of 60 men. PTH, 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)(2)D], 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), serum insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), and testosterone were measured in all men. There was no change in serum calcium with age. There were decreases in serum phosphate, urinary calcium, and creatinine clearance with age (P: < 0.02). Dietary calcium was unchanged. Strontium absorption decreased (P: < 0.01), and PTH increased (P: < 0.001) with age. The data for 1,25OH(2)D were biphasic, reaching a peak at age 55 yr (P: = 0.003). There was a linear increase in 25OHD with age (P: = 0.009) that persisted after correcting for seasonal variation and was positively associated with fish oil use, therefore, the age-related changes in 25OHD were masked by self medication. There were log-linear decreases in IGF-I and testosterone with age (P: < 0.0001). Strontium absorption was not related to 25OHD or 1,25(OH)(2)D, but was positively correlated with IGF-I. 1,25(OH)(2)D correlated negatively with serum phosphate and calcium, but not PTH or creatinine clearance. IGF-I was positively associated with creatinine clearance, serum calcium, and phosphate and negatively associated with PTH (P: < 0.001). In this cross-sectional study of otherwise healthy, normally aging men, age-related decreases in IGF-I seem to have a greater impact on mineral absorption than does vitamin D status.
Efficient excitation conditions for an electric-discharge F2laser (2003)

An F2 laser operating at a pressure of an F2 — He — Ne gas mixture of up to 3300 mbar is investigated. The conditions for obtaining a maximum lasing efficiency are determined as a function of the parameters of the excitation system. It is found that small amounts of neon (~100 mbar) added to the working mixture insignificantly (by ~15%) reduce the output energy, but substantially improve the discharge homogeneity. A 157-nm F2 laser operating at a comparatively low pressure in the active medium is developed. Its pulse energy is 28 mJ and the efficiency is 0.14%.
Uncinate fasciculus and cingulum bundle findings in first episode schizophrenia and first episode bipolar disorder: A diffusion tensor imaging study (2008)

This is a secondary analysis of clinical trial data collected in 12 European countries. We examined changes in weight and weight-related quality of life among community patients with schizophrenia treated with aripiprazole (ARI) versus standard of care (SOC), consisting of other marketed atypical antipsychotics (olanzapine, quetiapine, and risperidone).Five-hundred and fifty-five patients whose clinical symptoms were not optimally controlled and/or experienced tolerability problems with current medication were randomized to ARI (10–30 mg/day) or SOC. Weight and weight-related quality of life (using the IWQOL-Lite) were assessed at baseline, and weeks 8, 18 and 26. Random regression analysis across all time points using all available data was used to compare groups on changes in weight and IWQOL-Lite. Meaningful change from baseline was also assessed.Participants were 59.7% male, with a mean age of 38.5 years (SD 10.9) and mean baseline body mass index of 27.2 (SD 5.1). ARI participants lost an average of 1.7% of baseline weight in comparison to a gain of 2.1% by SOC participants (p < 0.0001) at 26 weeks. ARI participants experienced significantly greater increases in physical function, self-esteem, sexual life, and IWQOL-Lite total score. At 26 weeks, 20.7% of ARI participants experienced meaningful improvements in IWQOL-Lite score, versus 13.5% of SOC participants. A clinically meaningful change in weight was also associated with a meaningful change in quality of life (p < 0.001). A potential limitation of this study was its funding by a pharmaceutical company.Compared to standard of care, patients with schizophrenia treated with aripiprazole experienced decreased weight and improved weight-related quality of life over 26 weeks. These changes were both statistically and clinically significant.
The ‘adaptive zone’ – A concept for assessing discomfort glare throughout daylit spaces (2011)

Discomfort glare is an underutilized parameter in contemporary architectural design due to uncertainties about the meaning of existing metrics, how they should be applied and what the benefits of such analysis are. Glare is position and view direction-dependent within a space, rendering it difficult to assess compared to conventional illuminance-based metrics. This paper compares simulation results for five glare metrics under 144 clear sky conditions in three spaces in order to investigate the ability of these metrics to predict the occurrence of discomfort glare and to hence support the design of comfortable spaces. The metrics analyzed areDaylight Glare Index, CIE Glare Index, Visual Comfort Probability, Unified Glare Rating and Daylight Glare Probability. It is found that Daylight Glare Probability yields the most plausible results. In an attempt to deal with multiple positions and view directions simultaneously, the concept of an ‘adaptive zone’ is introduced within which building occupants may freely adjust their position and view in order to minimise the effect of glare. The spatial and directional extents of the adaptive zone depend on furniture layout and the freedom of occupants’ tasks. It is found that applying the adaptive zone concept to a sidelit office with manually operated venetian blinds reduces the predicted hours of intolerable discomfort glare from 735 to 18 occupied hours per year and increases the annual mean daylight availability from 40% to 72%.
Real-time dynamic hybrid BiST solution for Very-Low-Cost ATE production testing of A/D converters with controlled DPPM (2010)

The ideal goal of semiconductor quality assurance is to provide zero defective parts to the customer. In practice this goal is limited by test quality and test cost due to expensive ATE resources. It is typically not feasible to provide zero Defective Parts per Million (DPPM) for majority of applications due to the high costs of testing involved. Comprehensive functional tests to find all detectable faults typically have large test times resulting in a prohibitive cost. Work has been done in the field of digital testing with patterns where statistical tools are used in order to optimize the test cost and DPPM by real-time analysis. Our goal is to propose an Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) Built in Self Test (BiST) scheme which has compatibility with similar dynamic optimization measures. Multiple variants of Very Low Cost (VLC)- ATE have been developed for digital testing which rely on relaxed timing, power or tester channel requirements to lower hard-ware cost. Systems containing mixed-signal/RF components typically can not be tested on such ATE due to limitations/lack of analog/RF stimulus and measurement modules on VLC-ATE. This paper proposes a hybrid BIST scheme for ADCs to enable full production-quality testing as well as reduced coverage testing with VLC-ATE. We cover on-chip stimulus generation for a fully functional at-speed test as well as for a low-cost-reduced-coverage approach. Results for the BIST scheme are presented along with a discussion on implementation feasibility and merits. A vector based approach for observing ADC outputs is discussed which could be used with this scheme on VLC-ATE.
Tannins: thermostable pigments which complex dietary proteins and inhibit digestive enzymes. (1996)

The presence of antinutritional factors in legume seeds and other vegetables has been considered as an expression of the chemical warfare of plants against their predators. As a consequence, the nutritional utilization of these foods has only been possible through the use of a variety of treatments (cooking, fermentation, germination) which increase nutrient bioavailability. Nonetheless, some factors are not destroyed by effect of seed processing, among which stand a family of polymeric polyphenols called tannins. These pigments have the ability to complex and precipitate proteins and inhibit digestive enzymes. This paper describes what has been accomplished in regards to the selection of an appropriate solvent to extract bean polyphenols, the assessment of the most commonly used assay procedures, the purification of bean tannins and the evaluation of their interaction with proteins and digestive enzymes, responsible for their antinutritional effect.
Control principles (2020)

This chapter introduces a few basic rules and principles for getting things done on time, within budget and to the satisfaction of all the stakeholders. The control loop principle should be applied not only at the single task level, but at all other levels including work on the entire project. Manual charting methods were fine for very small projects, difficult for larger projects and impossible for big projects subject to changes. Controlling progress against the schedule requires that each manager arranges for regular checks to be made, ensuring that tasks which are scheduled to be in progress are actually taking place, and also looking at the rate of progress and the amount of work achieved to make certain that no task will run late. Individuals and supervisors often tend to be optimistic when reporting progress. One danger is that tasks are reported as finished when actually a small amount of work or ‘tidying up’ still remains to be done.
Evaluation of the effect of suramin on neural cell growth and N-CAM expression. (1990)

Suramin, a polysulfonated naphthylurea, is currently under investigation for treatment of advanced malignancy and has been shown to exhibit antiproliferative effects on some cells. We investigated its action on two cell lines of neural origin, one with neuronal (N2A) and the other with glial (C6) phenotype, as well as on brain primary cultures. We showed that suramin completely inhibited astrocytoma proliferation for an optimal dose of 1000 micrograms/ml but had the opposite effect on neuroblastoma cells. For these cells, doses as low as 12.5 micrograms/ml first increased cell proliferation and then led to massive cell death. This cytotoxic effect, which could be compatible with an internalization of the drug by the cells, was also observed for postmitotic neurons in brain primary cultures. In both cell lines, suramin was responsible for an accumulation of the neural cell adhesion molecule at the cell surface. One of the causes was the inhibition by suramin on the liberation processes of the phosphatidylinositol anchored Mr 120,000 isoform. At the mRNA level, suramin (12.5 to 50 micrograms/ml) induced an increase of all neural cell adhesion molecule transcripts in N2A but not in C6 cells. Suramin did not have an overall effect on transcription rates or RNA stability as the levels of transcripts coding for PrPc, another cell surface molecule, and actin were not affected. Our data demonstrated pleiotropic action of suramin. The neurotoxic effect exerted on neurons needs to be considered as possible outcomes for the use of suramin in humans.
Generation of Prior Information in a Dual-Mode Microwave-Ultrasound Breast Imaging System (2022)

A new breast imaging system capable of obtaining ultrasound and microwave scattered-field measurements with minimal or no movement of the breast between measurements has recently been reported. In this work, we describe the methodology that has been developed to generate prior information about the internal structures of the breast based on ultrasound data measured with the dual-mode system. This prior information, estimating both the geometry and complex-valued permittivity of tissues within the breast, is incorporated into the microwave inversion algorithm as a means of enhancing image quality. Several techniques to map reconstructed ultrasound speed to complex-valued relative permittivity are investigated. Quantitative images of two simplified dual-mode breast phantoms obtained using experimental data and the various forms of prior information are presented. Though preliminary, the results presented herein provide an understanding of the impacts of different forms of prior information on dual-mode reconstructions of the breast and can be used to inform future work on the subject.
White organic light-emitting diodes: Status and perspective (2013)

White organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are ultrathin, large-area light sources made from organic semiconductor materials. Over the past decades, much research has been spent on finding suitable materials to realize highly efficient monochrome and white OLEDs. With their high efficiency, color tunability, and color quality, white OLEDs are emerging as one of the next-generation light sources. In this review, the physics of a variety of device concepts that have been introduced to realize white OLEDs based on both polymer and small-molecule organic materials are discussed. Owing to the fact that about 80% of the internally generated photons are trapped within the thin-film layer structure, a second focus is put on reviewing promising concepts for improved light outcoupling.
Shack–Hartmann centroid detection method based on high dynamic range imaging and normalization techniques (2010)

In the optical quality measuring process of an optical system, including diamond-turning components, the use of a laser light source can produce an undesirable speckle effect in a Shack–Hartmann (SH) CCD sensor. This speckle noise can deteriorate the precision and accuracy of the wavefront sensor measurement. Here we present a SH centroid detection method founded on computer-based techniques and capable of measurement in the presence of strong speckle noise. The method extends the dynamic range imaging capabilities of the SH sensor through the use of a set of different CCD integration times. The resultant extended range spot map is normalized to accurately obtain the spot centroids. The proposed method has been applied to measure the optical quality of the main optical system (MOS) of the mid-infrared instrument telescope smulator. The wavefront at the exit of this optical system is affected by speckle noise when it is illuminated by a laser source and by air turbulence because it has a long back focal length (3017 mm). Using the proposed technique, the MOS wavefront error was measured and satisfactory results were obtained.
Red Deer Umbilical Cord-Derived Stem Cell Conditioned Media Combined With Ablative Resurfacing of the Face (2020)

Red deer umbilical cord-derived stem cell conditioned media (USCCM) is well tolerated, safe and efficacious for use pre- and post- facial laser resurfacing.J Drugs Dermatol. 2020;19(11): 1044-1048 doi:10.36849/JDD.2020.5246.
维科与马克思论“创造”历史 (1988)

一些诠释家在急于想发现不同时代的思想家所受的思想影响以及在这些思想家之间所存在的理论联系时,他们常常把偶而的引证或相似点错当成真实无疑的事情。试图追溯马克思的思想来源的马克思主义者和马克思学者的情况显然就是这样。对一些陈腐的神话,例如,马克思是一个社会达尔文主
Characterizing a proposed sixteen-element array antenna designed for microwave imaging of breast cancer (2013)

Microwave imaging (MI) has been widely studied for cancer detection recently. In this technique, either an array or a scanning antenna is used. Employing an array has the advantage of avoiding the mechanical issues of a scanning antenna. Moreover, a scanning antenna is not a practical arrangement for self-examination purposes. However, designing the array still remains an important topic in MI. In this paper, a new array is designed and characterized at 1.2GHz for breast cancer detection and the radiation properties are studied.