gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Secondary Amenorrhoea after Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Is Influenced by Age at Treatment, Stage of Disease, Chemotherapy Regimen, and the Use of Oral Contraceptives during Therapy: A Report from the German Hodgkin Lymphoma Study Group (GHSG). (2004)

Abstract Purpose: Long term survivors of successfully treated Hodgkin’s disease (HD) are at risk for late complications. Among these, infertility for female patients is of major importance affecting many young women. The subject of this analysis is to evaluate the menstrual status in young women after HD therapy. Patients and methods: From 1994–1998, the German Hodgkin Lymphoma Study Group (GHSG) conducted clinical trials for early, intermediate and advanced-stage HD (HD7-HD9) involving a total of 3186 patients. A questionnaire was used to evaluate the menstrual status of young female patients after therapy. The following factors were assessed by multivariate analysis for their influence on amenorrhoea: age, treatment, stage, and the use of oral contraceptives during chemotherapy. Results: The data presented were last updated in May 2004. A total of 405 women aged &amp;lt;40 years answered the questionnaire referring the menstrual status after HD therapy. For most women (89.6%), menstruation before the beginning of therapy was regular. After a median follow-up of 3.2 years, 51.6% of the women receiving 8 cycles of dose-escalated BEACOPP had continuous amenorrhoea. Amenorrhoea was significantly more frequent in women receiving 8 cycles of dose-escalated BEACOPP compared to women treated with ABVD alone, COPP/ABVD or standard BEACOPP (p=0.0066). Moreover, amenorrhoea after therapy was most pronounced in women with advanced-stage HD (p&amp;lt;0.0001), in those older than 30 years at treatment (p= 0.0065), and in women who did not take oral contraceptives during chemotherapy (p=0.0002). Conclusion: Most women who are treated for advanced-stage HD experience amenorrhoea after therapy. Amenorrhoea is significantly more frequent in women with advanced-stage HD receiving 8 cycles of dose-escalated BEACOPP and in women older than 30 years at treatment. Furthermore, the present data suggest a possible protection of oral contraceptives against amenorrhoea.
How to identify patients with vulnerable plaques (2007)

Multiple strategies are available for clinicians to identify patients at high risk for cardiovascular events. Two commonly discussed strategies are the identification of vulnerable plaques and the identification of vulnerable patients. The strategy of identifying vulnerable patients is less invasive, easy to implement and not restricted primarily to one vascular bed (e.g. coronary or cerebral). This review discusses the utility as well as the limitations of global risk assessment tools to identify such patients. The utility of biomarkers [C-reactive protein, lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A(2) and lipoprotein(a)] and non-invasive measures of atherosclerosis burden (coronary artery calcium scores, carotid intima-media thickness and ankle-brachial index) in identifying patients at high risk for cardiovascular events are also discussed.
Absence of renal hypoxia in the subacute phase of severe renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (2018)

Tissue hypoxia has been proposed as an important event in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), particularly during the period of ischemia and in the immediate hours following reperfusion. However, little is known about renal oxygenation during the subacute phase of IRI. We employed four different methods to assess the temporal and spatial changes in tissue oxygenation during the subacute phase (24 h and 5 days after reperfusion) of a severe form of renal IRI in rats. We hypothesized that the kidney is hypoxic 24 h and 5 days after an hour of bilateral renal ischemia, driven by a disturbed balance between renal oxygen delivery (Do<sub>2</sub>) and oxygen consumption (V̇o<sub>2</sub>). Renal Do<sub>2</sub> was not significantly reduced in the subacute phase of IRI. In contrast, renal V̇o<sub>2</sub> was 55% less 24 h after reperfusion and 49% less 5 days after reperfusion than after sham ischemia. Inner medullary tissue Po<sub>2</sub>, measured by radiotelemetry, was 25 ± 12% (mean ± SE) greater 24 h after ischemia than after sham ischemia. By 5 days after reperfusion, tissue Po<sub>2</sub> was similar to that in rats subjected to sham ischemia. Tissue Po<sub>2</sub> measured by Clark electrode was consistently greater 24 h, but not 5 days, after ischemia than after sham ischemia. Cellular hypoxia, assessed by pimonidazole adduct immunohistochemistry, was largely absent at both time points, and tissue levels of hypoxia-inducible factors were downregulated following renal ischemia. Thus, in this model of severe IRI, tissue hypoxia does not appear to be an obligatory event during the subacute phase, likely because of the markedly reduced oxygen consumption.
A multiattribute utility evaluation of different methods for the detection of enteric protozoa causing diarrhea in AIDS patients (2010)

Thus, we conclude that a combination of minimum three procedures should be carried out for the screening of stool specimens of HIV positive patients. Kinyoun's staining should be made mandatory for every diarrheal stool sample from HIV patients. Also every laboratory should assign its own value to the attributes and apply Multiattribute utility theory or the Analytical hierarchy process to decide the most appropriate methodology.
The use of in vivo-like enzyme kinetics in a computational model of yeast glycolysis. (2010)

Usually enzyme kinetic parameters are measured under assay conditions that are optimized for a high activity of the enzyme of interest. The aim of this study was to test if the predictive value of a kinetic computer model of yeast glycolysis would be improved by using kinetic parameters measured in a standardized in vivo-like assay medium [1]. The Vmax and some kinetic parameters of the glycolytic and fermentative enzymes were measured in Saccharomyces cerevisiae grown in an aerobic, glucose-limited culture. The assays were done both under ‘in-vivo-like’ and optimized conditions. The new data were implemented in an adapted version of the glycolysis model of Teusink et al. [2]. The ‘in-vivo-like’ enzyme kinetic parameters improved the 165 http://www.beilstein-institut.de/ESCEC2009/Proceedings/vanEunen/vanEunen.pdf Experimental Standard Conditions of Enzyme Characterizations, September 13 – 16, 2009, Rudesheim/Rhein, Germany
Structural Basis for Different Inhibitory Specificities of Human Cystatins C and D (1998)

Human cystatins C and D share almost identical primary structures of two out of the three segments proposed to be of importance for enzyme interactions but have markedly different profiles for inhibition of the target cysteine peptidases, cathepsins B, H, L, and S. To investigate if the N-terminal binding regions of the inhibitors are responsible for the different inhibition profiles, and thereby confer biological selectivity, two hybrid cystatins were produced in Escherichia coli expression systems. In one hybrid, the N-terminal segment of cystatin C was placed on the framework of cystatin D, and the second was engineered with the N-terminal segment of cystatin D on the cystatin C scaffold. Truncated cystatin C and D variants, devoid of their N-terminal segments, were obtained by incubation with glycyl endopeptidase and isolated, in a second approach to assess the importance of the N-terminal binding regions for cystatin function and specificity. The affinities of the four cystatin variants for cathepsins B, H, L, and S were measured. By comparison with corresponding results for wild-type cystatins C and D, it was concluded (1) that both the N-terminal and framework part of the molecules significantly contribute to the observed differences in inhibitory activities of cystatins C and D and (2) that the N-terminal segment of cystatin C increases the inhibitory activity of cystatin D against cathepsin S and cathepsin L but results in decreased activity against cathepsin H. These differences in specificity were explained by the residues interacting with the S2 subsite of peptidases (Val- and Ala-10 in cystatin C and D, respectively). Also, removal of the N-terminal segment results in total loss of enzyme affinity for cystatin D but not for cystatin C. Therefore, structural differences in the framework parts, as well as in the N-terminal segments, are critical for both inhibitory specificity and potency. Homology modeling was used to identify residues likely responsible for the generally reduced inhibitory potency of cystatin D.
InstructAlign: High-and-Low Resource Language Alignment via Continual Crosslingual Instruction Tuning (2023)

Large language models (LLMs) that are tuned with instructions have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in various tasks and languages. However, their ability to generalize to underrepresented languages is limited due to the scarcity of available data. Additionally, directly adapting new languages to instruction-tuned LLMs can result in catastrophic forgetting, which leads to the loss of multitasking ability. To address this issue, we propose InstructAlign which uses continual crosslingual instruction tuning to enable LLMs to align new unseen languages with previously learned high-resource languages. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of InstructAlign in enabling the model to understand low-resource languages with limited parallel data while preventing catastrophic forgetting. Our work contributes to the advancement of language adaptation methods, particularly for adapting instruction-tuned LLMs to underrepresented languages. Our code is released on https://github.com/HLTCHKUST/InstructAlign
Stabilization of porous glass reverse-osmosis membranes (1972)

Application of porous glass in form of capillary tubes for low capacity ion exchange in hyperfiltration experiments is discussed. Efficiency of desalination by process of reverse osmosis is described. Stabilization of porous glass membrane by presence of aluminum chloride is analyzed.
Residual Stresses in Machined MgO Crystals (1973)

The residual stresses introduced in MgO crystals by grinding on {100} surfaces in 〈100〉 directions were measured using photoelastic techniques. Grinding was conducted with two wheels; a 100‐grit diamond wheel removed material by brittle fracture, and a 46‐grit alumina wheel caused plastic flow and burnishing. Both wheels introduced a discrete, highly deformed layer adjacent the machined surface. In all cases the machined surfaces were under a residual tensile stress which became compressive within the deformed region. Beneath the deformed layer the residual stress patterns were distinctly different. In crystals ground with the alumina wheel the stresses became tensile again within 0.5 mm of the ground surface, whereas the subsurface stresses in crystals ground with the diamond wheel remained compressive to distances ≥1 mm. These residual stress distributions are discussed in terms of a simple model based on the superposition of mechanically and thermally induced stresses.
A timing-driven synthesis approach of a fast four-stage hybrid adder in Sum-of-Products (2008)

In state-of-the-art integrated circuits, the arithmetic sum-of-products (SOP) is an important and computationally intensive unit, which tend to be in the timing-critical path of the design. Several arithmetic blocks like multipliers, multiply-accumulators (MAC), squarers etc. are special cases of the generalized sum-of-product block. The final carry propagate adder inside a sum-of-product block consumes about 30%-40% of the total delay of the SOP block and hence plays an important role in determining the performance of the overall design. In this paper, we present a novel approach to develop a fast implementation for the final adder block in a sum-of-product module. In our approach, we design a hybrid adder, which consists of four different sub-adders. The width of each of the sub-adders are computed based on the arrival times of the input signals to the hybrid adder. We have tested our approach using a variety of SOP blocks implemented under varying timing constraints and technology libraries. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed solution is 14.31% faster than the corresponding block generated by a commercially available best-in-class datapath synthesis tool.
Essentialist Legacies and Shifting Identities: Language in Central Asian Nation-Building (2010)

"In my attempt to trace the complexities of identity in Central Asia, I first discuss the theoretical background of nation-building and language planning, then the historical essentializing processes of nationality during Tsarist and Soviet times, both of official policy and native involvement. I then bring the discussion into post-Soviet times by examining how essentialist Soviet legacies are maintained in independent Kyrgyzstan. Finally, I look at a case study from my field research in Osh. Osh, as a reflective microcosm of Central Asian society, illustrates a linguistically dynamic conception of identity. While explicit, verbal identification is significant to notions of ethnicity, the coexistence of multiple languages within the same sphere of usage has produced an interesting phenomenon, that of habitual code-switching. In the last section of this paper, I address code-switching, along with other everyday sentiments and attitudes, in an attempt to dig under official discourse and break the essentialist model."--from page 148
Effect of electrical and mechanical poling history on domain orientation and piezoelectric properties of soft and hard PZT ceramics. (2011)

The superior piezoelectric properties of all polycrystalline ferroelectrics are based on the extent of non-180° domain wall motion under electrical and mechanical poling loads. To distinguish between 180° and non-180° domain wall motion in a soft-doped and a hard-doped lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramic, domain texture measurements were performed using x-ray and neutron diffraction after different loading procedures. Comparing the results to measurements of the remanent strain and piezoelectric coefficient allowed the differentiation between different microstructural contributions to the macroscopic parameters. Both types of ceramic showed similar behavior under electric field, but the hard-doped material was more susceptible to mechanical load. A considerable fraction of the piezoelectric coefficient originated from poling by the preferred orientation of 180° domains.
Pyruvate imine cobalt(III) complex as a reagent for metal encapsulation (1989)

A cobalt(III) complex of pyruvate imine has been shown to be an effective nucleophile in condensing with formaldehyde and Co(sen)3+ ion [sen = tris(4-amino-2-azabutyl)-1-ethane] to synthesise a functionalised sarcophagine type cage (sarcophagine = 3,6,10,13,16-hexa-azabicyclo[6.6.6]eicosane) for a cobalt(III) ion.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Using Cryopreserved Allografts (2004)

Primary ACL reconstruction historically has been done using autograft tissues whereas allografts have been limited to revision cases and patients who are older or with lower physical demands because some animal studies suggested a slower biologic incorporation rate. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the cryopreserved Achilles tendon allograft in primary ACL reconstruction in a consecutive series of athletes. Fifty consecutive patients with a strenuous or moderate preinjury activity level, as defined by the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC), had ACL reconstruction using cryopreserved Achilles tendon allografts secured with bioabsorbable interference screws. Five patients were professional athletes. The average age of the patients was 36 years (range, 17-50 years). A 3- to 5-year followup study was done in all of the patients using the IKDC form. Tunnel widening was measured in the lateral radiographs at the widest level. The overall outcome was normal or nearly normal in 94% of the patients. No failures were reported in this series. Forty-six patients (92%) returned to their same preinjury sport activity level. The average KT-1000 side-to-side difference was 2.3 mm. Average tibial tunnel widening was 2.7 mm (range, 0-6 mm); no significant correlation was observed between increased tunnel size and a fair or poor clinical outcome. This experience shows that favorable results can be obtained with cryopreserved Achilles tendon allografts in athletes in whom avoiding donor site morbidity may be an issue in terms of a prompt return to sport.
Binary Reeengineering of Distributed Object Technology (2005)

Binary reengineering is the process of translating a binary-executable program to another low-level of abstraction (on another machine) or to a higher level of abstraction (source code). The former translation is commonly known as binary translation and the latter as decompilation. In this context, emulation and interpretation techniques are also relevant but normally provide less efficient solutions to a problem, so they will not be discussed here.Any binary reengineering project requires the disassembly of the code stored in the binary file. From a theoretical point of view, the separation of data and code in von Neumann machines is equivalent to the halting problem; hence, a complete static translation is not possible. However, in practice, different techniques can be used to increase the percentage of code that is translated statically, or hooks to dynamic translation techniques can be used at run-time.
Image Processing Techniques in Shockwave Detection and Modeling (2013)

Shockwave detection is critical in analyzing shockwave structure and location. High speed video imaging systems are commonly used to obtain image frames during shockwave control experiments. Image edge detection algorithms become natural choices in detecting shockwaves. In this paper, a computer software system designed for shockwave detection is introduced. Different image edge detection algorithms, including Roberts, Prewitt, Sobel, Canny, and Laplacian of Gaussian, are implemented and can be chosen by the users to easily and accurately detect the shockwaves. Experimental results show that the system meets the design requirements and can accurately detect shockwave for further analysis and applications.
Qualitative and Quantitative Proteomic Profiling of Cripto−/− Embryonic Stem Cells by Means of Accurate Mass LC−MS Analysis (2009)

Cripto is one of the key regulators of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) differentiation into cardiomyocites vs neuronal fate. Cripto(-/-) murine ESCs have been utilized to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying early events of mammalian lineage differentiation. 2D/LC-MS/MS and a label-free LC-MS approaches were used to qualitatively and quantitatively profile the cripto(-/-) ESC proteome, providing an integral view of the alterations induced in stem cell functions by deleting the cripto gene.
Using Machine Learning Techniques to Predict MACE in Very Young Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients (2022)

Coronary artery disease is a chronic disease with an increased expression in the elderly. However, different studies have shown an increased incidence in young subjects over the last decades. The prediction of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in very young patients has a significant impact on medical decision-making following coronary angiography and the selection of treatment. Different approaches have been developed to identify patients at a higher risk of adverse outcomes after their coronary anatomy is known. This is a prognostic study of combined data from patients ≤40 years old undergoing coronary angiography (n = 492). We evaluated whether different machine learning (ML) approaches could predict MACE more effectively than traditional statistical methods using logistic regression (LR). Our most effective model for long-term follow-up (60 ± 27 months) was random forest (RF), obtaining an area under the curve (AUC) = 0.79 (95%CI 0.69-0.88), in contrast with LR, obtaining AUC = 0.66 (95%CI 0.53-0.78, <i>p</i> = 0.021). At 1-year follow-up, the RF test found AUC 0.80 (95%CI 0.71-0.89) vs. LR 0.50 (95%CI 0.33-0.66, <i>p</i> < 0.001). The results of our study support the hypothesis that ML methods can improve both the identification of MACE risk patients and the prediction vs. traditional statistical techniques even in a small sample size. The application of ML techniques to focus the efforts on the detection of MACE in very young patients after coronary angiography could help tailor upfront follow-up strategies in such young patients according to their risk of MACE and to be used for proper assignment of health resources.
Experience, Tenure, and the Perceptions of Employers (2001)

This paper examines how group‐based assessments concerning employee ability impact employee compensation. The employer learns about worker ability through Bayesian updating, creating an additional channel for wage growth that is not available to those workers with only general labor market experience. Consistent with the model's predictions, results from National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) indicate that black workers fare much better relative to white workers in returns to tenure than in returns to experience. Finally, parameter estimates in the structural model suggest that employers initially undervalue black males but that their wages rise with learning by employers over time.
Density Dependence of the Energy Cost of Muons for Muon-Catalyzed Fusion (1988)

The dependence of the energy cost of muons on the target density for the purposes of muon-catalyzed fusion in a deuterium-tritium target is investigated. The advantages of a particular target structure are discussed.
Unilateral Tuberothalamic Artery Ischemia Caused by Pituitary Apoplexy (2018)

PA can lead to compression of perforating arteries, for example, the tuberothalamic artery supplying the thalamus or lenticulostriate region, and thus cause hypoperfusion and subsequent focal cerebral ischemia. This may occur when perforating cerebral arteries are affected and compressed by the sudden increase in tumor volume due to hemorrhage or tumor swelling.
Targeted gene disruption of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (gelatinase B) suppresses development of experimental abdominal aortic aneurysms (2000)

Abdominal aortic aneurysms represent a life-threatening condition characterized by chronic inflammation, destructive remodeling of the extracellular matrix, and increased local expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Both 92-kD gelatinase (MMP-9) and macrophage elastase (MMP-12) have been implicated in this disease, but it is not known if either is necessary in aneurysmal degeneration. We show here that transient elastase perfusion of the mouse aorta results in delayed aneurysm development that is temporally associated with transmural mononuclear inflammation, increased local production of several elastolytic MMPs, and progressive destruction of the elastic lamellae. Elastase-induced aneurysmal degeneration was suppressed by treatment with a nonselective MMP inhibitor (doxycycline) and by targeted gene disruption of MMP-9, but not by isolated deficiency of MMP-12. Bone marrow transplantation from wild-type mice prevented the aneurysm-resistant phenotype in MMP-9-deficient animals, and wild-type mice acquired aneurysm resistance after transplantation from MMP-9-deficient donors. These results demonstrate that inflammatory cell expression of MMP-9 plays a critical role in an experimental model of aortic aneurysm disease, suggesting that therapeutic strategies targeting MMP-9 may limit the growth of small abdominal aortic aneurysms.