gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Increased plasma levels of soluble CD23 in haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome; relation to virus-specific IgE (1997)

In 15 consecutive patients hospitalized with nephropathia epidemica, a European form of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) caused by Puumala virus, plasma concentrations of soluble CD23 (sCD23) and Puumala virus-specific IgE were determined. In the acute phase of illness, 11/15 patients had increased sCD23 levels (> 91 U/ml), whereas in convalescence, values of 8/10 patients were normalized. Maximal sCD23 values were correlated to maximal concentrations of Puumala virus-specific serum IgE (r = 0.597; P = 0.025). The results are compatible with a known ability of sCD23 to augment IgE production.
Renal ammoniagenesis in an early stage of metabolic acidosis in man. (1982)

Total renal ammonia production and ammonia precursor utilization were evaluated in patients under normal acid-base balance and in patients with 24-h NH4Cl acidosis by measuring (a) ammonia excreted with urine and that added to renal venous blood, and (b) amino acid exchange across the kidney. In 24-h acidosis not only urinary ammonia excretion is increased, but also total ammonia production is augmented (P less than 0.005) in comparison with controls. By evaluating the individual role of acid-base parameters, urine pH and urine flow in influencing renal ammonia production, it was shown that the degree of acidosis and urine flow are likely major factors stimulating ammoniagenesis. Both urine pH and urine flow are determinant in the preferential shift of ammonia into urine. In 1-d acidosis, renal extraction of glutamine was not increased and the total ammonia produced/glutamine N extracted ratio was higher than in controls (P less than 0.005) and was inversely correlated with the log of arterial bicarbonate concentration (P less than 0.001). In the same condition, renal glycine and ornithine uptake took place; the more severe the acidosis, the greater was the renal extraction of these amino acids (P less than 0.001). These data indicate that at the early stages of metabolic acidosis, in spite of a brisk increase in ammonia production, the mechanisms responsible for the increased glutamine use, which are operative in chronic acidosis, are not activated and other ammonia precursors, besides glutamine, are probably used for ammonia production.
Age-independent rise of inflammatory scores may contribute to accelerated aging in multi-morbidity (2015)

Aging is associated with an increase in a chronic, low-grade inflammation. This phenomenon, termed "inflammaging" is also a risk factor for both morbidity and mortality in the elderly. Frequent co-occurrence of chronic diseases, known as multi-morbidity, may be explained by interconnected pathophysiology of these conditions, most of which depend on its inflammatory component. Here we present an analysis of the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data collected between 1999 and 2008, for the presence, and the number, of chronic diseases along with HDL-cholesterol, C-reactive protein, white blood cell count, lymphocyte percent, monocyte percent, segmented neutrophils percent, eosinophils percent, basophils percent, and glycohemoglobin levels. Importantly, even after adjustment for age and BMI, many inflammatory markers continued to be associated to multi-morbidity. C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS) were most dramatically increased in parallel with an accumulation of chronic diseases, and may be utilized as multi-morbidity predictors. These observations point at background inflammation as direct, age-independent contributor to an accumulation of the disease burden. Our findings also suggest a possibility that systemic inflammation associated with chronic diseases may explain accelerated aging phenomenon previously observed among the patients with heavy disease burden.
Birth Characteristics and Risk of Prostate Cancer: the Contribution of Genetic Factors (2009)

High birth weight is associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer. The difference in risk within dizygotic and monozygotic twin pairs may be due to genetic factors playing an important role in this association.
Photoaddition of ethylenes and acetylenes to hexafluorobenzene (1978)

Both cis- and trans-cyclo-octene undergo stereospecific photoreactions with hexafluorobenzene to give various 1 : 1-cycloadducts which arise via 1,2- and 1,3-addition processes and subsequent isomerisations of the initial adducts. No products arising from 1,4-cycloaddition to the aromatic ring have been detected. Effects of irradiation wavelength, temperature, and concentration are discussed in connection with the involvement of free and complexed S1 hexafluorobenzene.In contrast, 2,3-dimethylbut-2-ene and hexafluorobenzene gave mainly an acyclic 1 : 1 adduct formed by substitutive addition, and its dehydrofluorination product. Although maleic anhydride and maleimide readily undergo photoaddition to benzene, neither gave photoadducts with hexafluorobenzene.Propyne and but-2-yne give cyclo-octatetraenes by photoaddition to hexafluorobenzene, and in the case of but-2-yne the precursor 1,2-cycloadduct was isolated as the sole primary product.In general, the photoadditions to hexafluorobenzene show some points of resemblance to the corresponding processes involving benzene, but various major differences have been noted.
High extraction ability and selectivity of a tripodal pivalamide derivative for Pt(IV) from hydrochloric acid solutions (2016)

Secondary pivalamide derivatives of the tripodal compound and the corresponding monopodal analogue have been prepared and these extraction and separation ability for platinum group metals from base metals in chloride media have been studied. The extractability of Pt(IV) with the tripodal extractant was extremely higher than that with the corresponding monopodal one. The extraction equilibrium equation of Pt(II) with the tripodal extractant was determined from slope analysis. To separate Pt(IV) and Pd(II) over base metals, the forward extraction in the metal coexisting system and the stripping from the metal loaded organic phase were carried out.
[Histological study of a model of keratoepithelioplasty in the rat]. (1992)

A model for keratoepithelioplasty (KEP) was developed using the Lewis rat, and histological studies were performed using the model. The entire corneal epithelium was removed using a spatula and a 1.5-mm-width of the conjunctiva including the limbus was excised. An oval corneal lamellar graft (3 x 1.5 mm) with an intact epithelium taken from another Lewis rat was transplanted on the denuded limbus. Biomicroscopic observation showed significantly less vascular invasion in the part of the cornea adjacent to the lenticule than in other part of cornea, and clear cornea was maintained in the cornea adjacent to the lenticule. Histologically only few vessels were recognized in the lenticule, and the epithelial cells on the lenticule showed histological characteristics of corneal epithelium. These results indicate that surgical function of KEP can be obtained because the lenticules keep distance between corneal epithelium and conjunctival vessels. And it is also confirmed that this model is useful in research on the pathophysiological mechanism of KEP.
Source-adaptive multilayered multicast algorithms for real-time video distribution (2000)

Layered transmission of data is often recommended as a solution to the problem of varying bandwidth constraints in multicast video applications. Multilayered encoding, however, is not sufficient to provide high video quality and high network utilization, since bandwidth constraints frequently change over time. Adaptive techniques capable of adjusting the rates of video layers are required to maximize video quality and network utilization. We define a class of algorithms known as source-adaptive multilayered multicast (SAMM) algorithms. In SAMM algorithms, the source uses congestion feedback to adjust the number of generated layers and the bit rate of each layer. We contrast two specific SAMM algorithms: an end-to-end algorithm, in which only end systems monitor available bandwidth and report the amount of available bandwidth to the source, and a network-based algorithm, in which intermediate nodes also monitor and report available bandwidth. Using simulations that incorporate multilayered video codecs, we demonstrate that SAMM algorithms can exhibit better scalability and responsiveness to congestion than algorithms that are not source-adaptive. We also study the performance trade-offs between end-to-end and network-based SAMM algorithms.
Design and Synthesis of Phthalimide-Based Fluorescent Liver X Receptor Antagonists (2010)

Based on our structure-activity relationship study of liver X receptor (LXR) ligands, we designed and synthesized fluorescent LXR antagonists containing an unsubstituted or substituted amino group on a phthalimide unit.
Peterson's Stress Concentration Factors (1997)

Index to the Stress Concentration Factors. Preface for the Third Edition. Preface for the Second Edition. 1. Definitions and Design Relations. 1.1 Notation. 1.2 Stress Concentration. 1.3 Stress Concentration as a Two-Dimensional Problem. 1.4 Stress Concentration as a Three-Dimensional Problem. 1.5 Plane and Axisymmetric Problems. 1.6 Local and Nonlocal Stress Concentration. 1.7 Multiple Stress Concentration. 1.8 Theories of Strength and Failure. 1.9 Notch Sensitivity. 1.10 Design Relations For Static Stress. 1.11 Design Relations for Alternating Stress. 1.12 Design Relations for Combined Alternating and Static Stresses. 1.13 Limited Number of Cycles of Alternating Stress. 1.14 Stress Concentration Factors and Stress Intensity Factors. References 2. Notches and Grooves. 2.1 Notation. 2.2 Stress Concentration Factors. 2.3 Notches in Tension. 2.4 Depressions in Tension. 2.5 Grooves in Tension. 2.6 Bending of Thin Beams with Notches. 2.7 Bending of Plates with Notches. 2.8 Bending of Solids with Grooves. 2.9 Direct Shear and Torsion. 2.10 Test Specimen Design for Maximum Kt for a Given r D or r H 76. References. Charts. 3. Shoulder Fillets. 3.1 Notation. 3.2 Stress Concentration Factors. 3.3 Tension (Axial Loading). 3.4 Bending. 3.5 Torsion. 3.6 Methods of Reducing Stress Concentration at a Shoulder. References. Charts. 4. Holes. 4.1 Notation. 4.2 Stress Concentration Factors. 4.3 Circular Holes with In-Plane Stresses. 4.4 Elliptical Holes in Tension. 4.5 Various Configurations with In-Plane Stresses. 4.6 Holes in Thick Elements. 4.7 Orthotropic Thin Members. 4.8 Bending. 4.9 Shear and Torsion. 5. Miscellaneous Design Elements. 5.1 Notation. 5.2 Shaft with Keyseat. 5.3 Splined Shaft in Torsion. 5.4 Gear Teeth. 5.5 Press- or Shrink-Fitted Members. 5.6 Bolt and Nut. 5.7 Bolt Head,Turbine-Blade, orCompressor-Blade Fastening (T-Head). 5.8 Lug Joint. 5.8.1 Lugs with h d 0 . 5. 5.8.2 Lugs with h d 0 . 5. 5.9 Curved Bar. 5.10 Helical Spring. 5.10.1 Round or Square Wire Compression or Tension Spring. 5.10.2 Rectangular Wire Compression or Tension Spring. 5.10.3 Helical Torsion Spring. 5.11 Crankshaft. 5.12 Crane Hook. 5.13 U-Shaped Member. 5.14 Angle and Box Sections. 5.15 Cylindrical Pressure Vessel with Torispherical Ends. 5.16 Tubular Joints. References. Charts. 6. Stress Concentration Analysis and Design. 6.1 Computational Methods. 6.2 Finite Element Analysis. 6.3 Design Sensitivity Analysis. 6.4 Design Modification. Index.
Supplementary methods from Loss of Function of DOCK4 in Myelodysplastic Syndromes Stem Cells is Restored by Inhibitors of DOCK4 Signaling Networks (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary methods&lt;/p&gt;
Isolation and Structure of the COL4A6 Gene Encoding the Human α6(IV) Collagen Chain and Comparison with Other Type IV Collagen Genes (1995)

The genes COL4A5 and COL4A6, coding for the basement membrane collagen chains, alpha 5(IV) and alpha 6(IV), respectively, are located head-to-head in close proximity on human chromosome Xq22, and COL4A6 is transcribed from two alternative promoters in a tissue-specific fashion (Sugimoto M., Oohashi T., and Ninomiya Y. (1994) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91, 11679-11683). Immunofluorescence studies using alpha chain-specific antibodies demonstrated that the two genes are expressed in a tissue-specific manner (Ninomiya, Y., Kagawa, M., Iyama, K., Naito, L., Kishiro, Y., Seyer, J. M., Sugimoto, M., Oohashi, T., and Sado, Y. (1995) J. Cell Biol. 130, 1219-1229). We report here for the first time the isolation and the structural organization of the human COL4A6 gene. The entire gene presumably exceeds 200 kilobase pairs and contains 46 exons. Exons 1' and 1 encode the two different 5'-UTRs and the two amino-terminal parts of of the signal peptide. The carboxyl part of the signal peptide and the 7 S domain are coded for by the following 6 different exons, 2-7, whereas the exons 7-42 encode the central COL 1 domain, which contains the Gly-X-Y repeats. The last three exons, 43-45, encode the carboxyl-terminal NC1 domain. Sizes of more than a half of the exons of the gene are the same as those of Col4a2 but quite different from those of COL4A5. Within the COL4A6 gene we found three CA repeat markers that can be used for allele detection. The detailed structure of the COL4A6 gene and the high heterozygosity microsatellite markers located within the gene will be useful for linkage analysis and familial diagnosis of diseases caused by mutations of this gene.
Sapovirus Translation Requires an Interaction between VPg and the Cap Binding Protein eIF4E (2014)

Sapoviruses, which are members of the Caliciviridae family, are one of the causative agents of viral gastroenteritis in humans. However, human sapovirus remains noncultivable in cell culture, hampering the ability to characterize the virus infectious cycle. Here, we show that the VPg protein from porcine sapovirus, the only cultivatable sapovirus, is essential for viral translation and functions via a direct interaction with the cellular translation initiation factor eIF4E. This work provides new insights into the novel protein-primed mechanism of calicivirus VPg-dependent translation initiation.
Comparison of kinetic and equilibrium reaction models insimulating the behavior of porous media (2006)

In this study we compare the use of kinetic and equilibriumreaction models in the simulation of gas (methane) hydrate behavior inporous media. Our objective is to evaluate through numerical simulationthe importance of employing kinetic versus equilibrium reaction modelsfor predicting the response of hydrate-bearing systems to externalstimuli, such as changes in pressure and temperature. Specifically, we(1) analyze and compare the responses simulated using both reactionmodels for natural gas production from hydrates in various settings andfor the case of depressurization in a hydrate-bearing core duringextraction; and (2) examine the sensitivity to factors such as initialhydrate saturation, hydrate reaction surface area, and numericaldiscretization. We find that for large-scale systems undergoing thermalstimulation and depressurization, the calculated responses for bothreaction models are remarkably similar, though some differences areobserved at early times. However, for modeling short-term processes, suchas the rapid recovery of a hydrate-bearing core, kinetic limitations canbe important, and neglecting them may lead to significantunder-prediction of recoverable hydrate. Assuming validity of the mostaccurate kinetic reaction model that is currently available, the use ofthe equilibrium reaction model often appears to be justified andpreferred for simulating the behavior of gas hydrates, given that thecomputational demands for the kinetic reaction model far exceed those forthe equilibrium reaction model.
Bafilomycin and Concanamycin Derivatives as Specific Inhibitors of P- and V-Type ATPases (1994)

The bafilomycins, unusual macrolide antibiotics with a 16-membered lactone ring, were isolated from Streptomyces griseus (6). Recently, in a detailed analysis we compared the effects of bafilomycin A1 (1) (Figure 1) on representative enzymes of the three classes of membrane bound ion-translocating ATPases (2). F1Fo ATPases (F-type) from bacteria and mitochondria are not affected by this antibiotic. In contrast, P-type ATPases are moderately sensitive (micromolar concentrations) to this inhibitor. However, V-type ATPases from Neurospora vacuoles, chromaffin granules and plant vacuoles are extremely sensitive (nanomolar concentrations). For the first time these results showed convincingly that bafilomycin A1 (1) is useful for distinguishing among the different types of ATPases and that it is a potent, relatively specific inhibitor of the vacuolar ATPases (2). Here, we show that the concanamycins, which contain an 18membered lactone ring (5), and which are structurally related to the bafilomycins (Figure 1), are also useful for distinguishing among the different ATPases and are even more specific inhibitors of V-type ATPases.
Supplementary Methods, Figures S1-S7 from Potential Mechanisms for Thrombocytopenia Development with Trastuzumab Emtansine (T-DM1) (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Methods, Figures S1-S7 Suppl. Fig. S1, Differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (CD133+/CD34+) into immature megakarytocytes Suppl. Fig. S2, T-DM1 does not directly induce platelet aggregation in washed platelets Suppl. Fig. S3, At high concentrations, DM1 inhibits agonist-induced platelet aggregation in platelet-rich plasma Suppl. Fig. S4, DM1 conjugates alter the morphology of megakaryocytes Suppl. Fig. S5, Uptake of T-[3H]DM1 varies by differentiation stage Suppl. Fig. S6, HER2 is not expressed on megakaryocytes or platelets Suppl. Fig. S7, Prolonged exposure to T-DM1 results in disruption of cytoskeletal structure in maturing megakaryocytes&lt;/p&gt;
Photoregulation of catalytic activity of β-cyclodextrin by an azo inhibitor (1980)

A. Ueno, K. Takahashi and T. Osa, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1980, 837 DOI: 10.1039/C39800000837
Use of Seeds to Control Precipitation of Calcium Carbonate and Determination of Seed Nature (2004)

Understanding and controlling precipitation reactions is a major challenge for industrial crystallization. Calcium carbonate is a widely studied system: more than 3000 papers have been devoted to the subject over the past 10 years. The first step of the precipitation of calcium carbonate, from relatively concentrated solutions (0.01 mol/L), involves the formation of an initial gel phase which later transforms into calcite, vaterite, or a mixture of both phases. Our work aimed at controlling this first step. Nanosized seeds (8 nm), formed in situ, were used in order to control the often chaotic nucleation step which normally leads to poor phase selection and broad particle size distributions. Seeding has often been used to avoid spontaneous nucleation in metastable solutions for growth mechanism investigations of single-crystal calcium carbonate. Here the ability of a seeding method to control the precipitation reaction evolution even in the case of high supersaturation is demonstrated. The seeds and the presence of a polymeric additive (poly(acrylic acid)) allow the control of the precipitated polymorph and the specific surface area, while maintaining a narrow particle size distribution in the submicron range. Direct characterization methods did not succeed in identifying these nanoseeds; indirect methods using solubility calculations are used to demonstrate their existence and quantify size and number density of the nanosized seeds.
Model Counting of Query Expressions: Limitations of Propositional Methods (2013)

Query evaluation in tuple-independent probabilistic databases is the problem of computing the probability of an answer to a query given independent probabilities of the individual tuples in a database instance. There are two main approaches to this problem: (1) in `grounded inference' one first obtains the lineage for the query and database instance as a Boolean formula, then performs weighted model counting on the lineage (i.e., computes the probability of the lineage given probabilities of its independent Boolean variables); (2) in methods known as `lifted inference' or `extensional query evaluation', one exploits the high-level structure of the query as a first-order formula. Although it is widely believed that lifted inference is strictly more powerful than grounded inference on the lineage alone, no formal separation has previously been shown for query evaluation. In this paper we show such a formal separation for the first time. We exhibit a class of queries for which model counting can be done in polynomial time using extensional query evaluation, whereas the algorithms used in state-of-the-art exact model counters on their lineages provably require exponential time. Our lower bounds on the running times of these exact model counters follow from new exponential size lower bounds on the kinds of d-DNNF representations of the lineages that these model counters (either explicitly or implicitly) produce. Though some of these queries have been studied before, no non-trivial lower bounds on the sizes of these representations for these queries were previously known.
A Structural Constitutive Model For Collagenous Cardiovascular Tissues Incorporating the Angular Fiber Distribution (2004)

Accurate constitutive models are required to gain further insight into the mechanical behavior of cardiovascular tissues. In this study, a structural constitutive framework for cardiovascular tissues is introduced that accounts for the angular distribution of collagen fibers. To demonstrate its capabilities, the model is applied to study the biaxial behavior of the arterial wall and the aortic valve. The pressure–radius relationships of the arterial wall accurately describe experimentally observed sigma-shaped curves. In addition, the nonlinear and anisotropic mechanical properties of the aortic valve can be analyzed with the proposed model. We expect that the current model offers strong possibilities to further investigate the complex mechanical behavior of cardiovascular tissues, including their response to mechanical stimuli.
The Reproduction of Magnetically Recorded Signals (1951)

This paper describes the determination of the first four semi-invariants of the distribution of the average, over an arbitrary time interval, of traffic carried by a telephone system with an infinite number of trunks, during a period of statistical equilibrium. Both finite and infinite numbers of independent call sources are considered, and the distribution function of call holding times is left general.
Methane gas from swine manure (1981)

The following topics are discussed: the basic anaerobic digestion process, manure quality, system components, anaerobic digester types, digester design and operation, digester start-up and operation, gas yields, gas scrubbing systems, gas use strategies, nutrient recovery and use, and the economics of methane production systems. (MHR)
Scene graph adapter (2011)

We present a generic architecture which enables the loading of several 3D formats in most 3D application engines. The purpose of this work is to solve the interoperability issue among 3D formats raised by the multiplicity of formats. We propose a programming interface, the Scene Graph Adapter, that allows mixing several 3D formats in a single application without transcoding. The Scene Graph Adapter is composed of two API; a first one that wraps each 3D format and a second one that wraps rendering engines. Wrappers created thanks to these API can be reused in other applications based on the Scene Graph Adapter. The paper introduces our approach and gives an implementation example.