gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A rare manifestation of nail changes with docetaxel therapy. (2011)

A 60-year-old African American man presented to the dermatology clinic for evaluation of skin and nail changes associated with docetaxel therapy for adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Previous treatment cycles ofdocetaxel had resulted in hyperpigmented patches and linear streaks on his arms where he received infusions, as well as nail changes, including longitudinal melanonychia and onycholysis of his great toenails. At his latest visit, he reported recently noticing a new bluish discoloration of his lunulae that had developed during the past 3 months, the time corresponding to his most recent docetaxel treatment cycle (Figure). The patient's history did not reveal any recent medication changes, ingestion of known lunula-discoloring agents, or any silver-containing compounds. On examination, the patient's observation was confirmed, as the lunulae on both his right and left thumb were found to have a marked blue discoloration to them. The patient was treated with observation as the discoloration was not bothersome to him, and on routine follow-up for an unrelated skin complaint, the patient's nail beds had returned to their normal color, approximately 3 months after discontinuation of the docetaxel therapy, according to the patient.
Mixed-signal design methodology for continuous-time quadrature bandpass &#x0394;&#x03A3; modulator (2009)

Continuous-time (CT) quadrature bandpass (QBP) delta-sigma (ΔΣ) modulator is already in itself a mixed-signal system. That fact creates a discontinuity in the traditional IC design flow which assumes that "discrete" and "continuous" time domain designs require separate design tools. This paper presents an efficient top-down methodology for mixed-signal design. We report the design process from the system-level down to gate/transistor-level; modeling and simulation are applied to the ΔΣ modulator. We have verified the robustness and effectiveness of our approach which resulted in shorter design process cycles and higher rates of success.
ChemInform Abstract: Trialkylaluminum‐Alkylidene Iodide. A Powerful Cyclopropanation Agent with Unique Selectivity. (1986)

Abstract Zur Cyclopropanierung von Olefinen werden Kombinationen aus Diiodalkanen (II) und Organo‐Aluminiumverbindungen (III) eingesetzt, die entsprechenden Cyclopropane werden in zumeist hohen Ausbeuten erhalten.
Rapid and selective transcriptional induction of the tumor suppressor RhoB by lipid-based Akt inhibitors (2007)

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 14-18, 2007; Los Angeles, CA

1230 

Activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway contributes to the formation, maintenance, and therapeutic resistance of cancer. Active phosphatidylinositol ether lipid analogues (PIA5, 6, 23, 24, and 25) are analogues of the products of PI3K that inhibit Akt activation, translocation, and the growth of a broad spectrum of cancer cell types. To gain further insight into the cellular and molecular mechanism of PIAs, we performed transcriptional profiling of active PIAs as well as PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway inhibitors using high-density oligonucleotide arrays representing 34,542 transcripts in NSCLC cells. The tumor suppressor RhoB was identified as one of the early and commonly induced genes by PIAs, and its rapid induction was selective for lipid-based Akt inhibitors (PIA23, perifosine and miltefosine) among the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway inhibitors tested (PI3K inhibitors- LY294002 and wortmannin; PDK-1 inhibitor- [OSU03012][1]; Akt inhibitors- PIA23, perifosine, miltefosine, AMPD, API-2, DZ-50; mTOR inhibitors- rapamycin and RAD001). RhoB induction by lipid-based Akt inhibitors was validated by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and immunoblotting. The translation inhibitor cycloheximide and the transcriptional blocker actinomycin D completely prevented this induction, suggesting the increase in RhoB protein by lipid-based Akt inhibitors was due to an increase of RhoB transcription. Comparative genomics across 4 mammalian species (troglodyte, human, mouse and rat) and RhoB promoter-driven luciferase activity assays revealed that a highly conserved region proximal to the transcription start site was responsible for RhoB induction by lipid-based Akt inhibitors, although the basal level of RhoB transcription was dramatically compromised by deleting the upstream region. Deletion of either CEBPB or inverted NFY binding sites in this region completely abolished both basal and induced activities. The upstream region in the longer RhoB promoter constructs, which includes SP1 and NFY binding sites, partially rescued basal but not induced activity in CEBPB binding site mutant, but failed to restore the basal or induced activity in the inverted NFY binding site mutant. The involvement of CEBPB in RhoB induction was confirmed by CEBPB siRNA knockdown assays. These results indicate that CEBPB and inverted NFY binding sites constitute a minimal and essential promoter region for RhoB basal and inductive activities, with greater regulation exerted by the inverted NFY binding site.

 [1]: /lookup/external-ref?link_type=GENPEPT&access_num=OSU03012&atom=%2Fcanres%2F67%2F9_Supplement%2F1230.atom
Feasibility of a Pneumatically Actuated MR-compatible Robot for Transrectal Prostate Biopsy Guidance (2011)

It is feasible to perform transrectal prostate biopsy with real-time 3-T MR imaging guidance with the aid of a remote-controlled, pneumatically actuated MR-compatible robotic device.
Variable width and electron density quantum wires in GaAs/AlGaAs with ion-implanted gates and a surface Schottky gate (1992)

Beryllium implants have been used to form p-n junctions which confine electrons laterally in a GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure to make high-mobility quasi-one-dimensional wires whose electrical width can be varied by biasing the implanted regions. Incorporation of an additional surface Schottky gate enables the electron density within the wires to be controlled independently. Magnetoresistance measurements have been performed at 1.7 K and the weak-field boundary-scattering maxima used to determine the width as a function of both the bias applied to the implanted regions and to the surface gate. The mobility is also calculated and is comparable to that reported for wires of similar dimensions fabricated using high energy ion damage.
Development and Duration of Human Papillomavirus Lesions, after Initial Infection (2005)

Intraepithelial lesions are common early events among women with incident HPV infection, and the interval between incident HPV-16 or HPV-18 infection and biopsy-confirmed CIN grade 2-3 appears to be relatively short.
Biofidelity and Injury Assessment in Eurosid I and Biosid (1995)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Side impact pendulum tests were conducted on Eurosid I and Biosid to assess the biofidelity of the thorax, abdomen and pelvis, and determine injury tolerance levels. Each body region was impacted at 4.5, 6.7, and 9.4 m/s using test conditions which duplicate cadaver impacts with a 15 cm flat-circular 23.4 kg rigid mass. The cadaver database establishes human response and injury risk assessment in side impact.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Both dummies showed better biofidelity when compared to the lowest-speed cadaver response corridor. At higher speeds, peak force was substantially higher. The average peak contact force was 1.56 times greater in Biosid and 2.19 times greater in Eurosid 1 than the average cadaver response. The Eurosid I abdomen had the most dissimilar response and lacks biofidelity. Overall, Biosid has better biofidelity than Eurosid I with an average 21% lower peak load and a closer match to the duration of cadaver impact responses for the three body regions.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;There was a significant correlation between cadaver and dummy responses in similar tests; so, within the limitations discussed, injury risk can be assessed in the dummies. Eurosid I chest deflection was not sufficient to prevent bottoming in high-speed tests. However, peak VC occurs before rib bottoming and enables chest injury assessment for all of the pendulum impacts.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Based on a 50% risk of AIS 3+ chest injury in a 45 year old cadaver, Eurosid I tolerances are D = 52 mm and VC = 1.17 m/s. For pelvic fracture, the tolerances are F &lt;sub&gt;pubic&lt;/sub&gt; 7.1 kN and G&lt;sub&gt;S3-Y&lt;/sub&gt; = 100 g. Based on a 25% risk of AIS 4+ chest injury, Biosid tolerances are D = 64 mm and VC = 1.37 m/s. For pelvic fracture, F&lt;sub&gt;pubic&lt;/sub&gt; = 3.6 kN and G&lt;sub&gt;S3-Y&lt;/sub&gt; = 100 g. The research establishes a technical basis for injury tolerance levels in Eurosid I and Biosid.&lt;/div&gt;
An explanation for the combined effect of xylanase–glucose oxidase in dough systems (2005)

Abstract In the bakery industry, glucose oxidase is usually used in combination with xylanase. Although many theories exist on the mechanism of action of each enzyme, the positive effect of combining the two is as yet unexplained. In this paper we studied a possible basis for this synergy by focusing on the involvement of arabinoxylans. Water‐extractable arabinoxylans and water‐unextractable solids were studied in dough with or without glucose oxidase. Addition of glucose oxidase led to a stiffer and less extensible dough. Addition of arabinoxylans caused a further decrease in dough extensibility. Addition of xylanase could correct for this decrease. The role of arabinoxylans was further investigated by studying modified water‐extractable arabinoxylans and the effect of agents affecting arabinoxylan crosslinking (ferulic acid). Water‐extractable arabinoxylan was modified with xylanase to generate a low‐molecular‐weight fraction (WEAX XYL ). Alternatively, it was modified with NaOH to prepare a fraction with a decreased ferulic acid content (WEAX OH ). Addition of modified arabinoxylans diminished the effect of glucose oxidase. Glutenin macropolymer and water‐extractable arabinoxylan viscosity experiments were performed to obtain further detail on the role of arabinoxylans (AX). These results give rise to a new theory explaining the contribution of xylanase in its synergy with glucose oxidase. In this theory glucose oxidase not only catalyses the formation of protein disulfide bonds, but also of AX‐AX crosslinks. The latter negatively affect bread quality. Xylanase corrects for this latter effect by cleaving arabinoxylan complexes and generating small ferulic acid‐containing arabinoxylan fragments interfering with the crosslinking of high‐molecular weight arabinoxylans. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Analyzing interprofessional teamwork in the operating room: An exploratory observational study using conventional and alternative approaches (2023)

Intraoperative teamwork is vital for patient safety. Conventional tools for studying intraoperative teamwork typically rely on behaviorally anchored rating scales applied at the individual or team level, while others capture narrative information across several units of analysis. This prospective observational study characterizes teamwork using two conventional tools (Operating Theatre Team Non-Technical Skills Assessment Tool [NOTECHS]; Team Emergency Assessment Measure [TEAM]), and one alternative approach (modified-Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety [SEIPS] model). We aimed to explore the advantages and disadvantages of each for providing feedback to improve teamwork practice. Fifty consecutive surgical cases at a Canadian academic hospital were recorded with the OR Black Box®, analyzed by trained raters, and summarized descriptively. Teamwork performance was consistently high within and across cases rated with NOTECHS and TEAMS. For cases analyzed with the modified-SEIPS tool, both optimal and suboptimal teamwork behaviors were identified, and team resilience was frequently observed. NOTECHS and TEAM provided summative assessments and overall pattern descriptions, while SEIPS facilitated a deeper understanding of teamwork processes. As healthcare organizations continue to prioritize teamwork improvement, SEIPS may provide valuable insights regarding teamwork behavior and the broader context influencing performance. This may ultimately enhance the development and effectiveness of multi-level teamwork interventions.
Evolution microstructurale et comportement rhéologique d'alliages Al-Si à l'état semi-solide (1992)

La mise en forme des alliages metalliques a l'etat semi-solide est un procede hybride incorporant des elements de la fonderie de moulage et du forgeage, qui evite la formation des defauts associes a ces procedes classiques. Elle necessite une morphologie globulaire, non-dendritique de la phase solide, en suspension dans la phase liquide. L'objet de cette these est une contribution a la comprehension d'une part des mecanismes d'obtention de cette microstructure particuliere a l'etat semi-solide, d'autre part de son evolution pendant le maintien dans l'intervalle de solidification et des consequences sur le comportement rheologique. L'evolution microstructurale et le comportement rheologique des alliages al-si a l'etat semi-solide ont ete etudies pendant la refusion partielle et la solidification partielle avec brassage mecanique au sein d'un viscosimetre a haute temperature. Dans le cas d'une refusion partielle, le comportement rheologique a ete etudie par compression entre plateaux paralleles et par filage inverse. Les alliages al-si semi-solides avec une morphologie non-dendritique de la phase solide ont montre un comportement rheofluidisant et thixotrope attribue a l'equilibre dynamique entre la formation des agregats de globules solides et leur destruction par cisaillement. La cinetique de formation et de destruction de ces agregats a ete etablie
Postharvest handling, storage and quality. (2020)

<title>Abstract</title> This chapter provides information on the various factors to consider during the harvesting and handling of pawpaw fruits, such as fruit maturity and visual and sensorial quality characteristics. The benefits of the use of coatings and wraps, optimum temperatures and various packing and storage methods for prolonging the fruit quality of pawpaws during storage and transport are also pointed out. Information on the ethylene sensitivity of pawpaw fruits, postharvest quality losses and postharvest handling and storage-related disorders, insect pests and diseases are also discussed.
The Metabolic Derangements and Treatment of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (1983)

Diabetic ketoacidosis is a common illness among patients with diabetes. The exact prevalence is unknown, but in one community the rate was estimated to be 13.4 episodes per 1000 patient-years in young persons with diabetes.1 It remains a serious event, with mortality rates as high as 6 to 10 per cent.2 , 3 In children under 10 years of age, diabetic ketoacidosis accounts for 70 per cent of diabetes-related deaths.4 Death may be due to derangements that are directly attributable to ketoacidosis, to complications associated with the illness itself, or to abnormalities induced by treatment. Because a substantial percentage of deaths is . . .
Wood-PHA Composites: Mapping Opportunities (2018)

Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) biopolymers are emerging as attractive new sustainable polymers due to their true biodegradability and highly tuneable mechanical properties. However, despite significant investments, commercialisation barriers are hindering the capacity growth of PHA. In this work, we investigated the market potential for wood plastic composites (WPCs) based on PHAs. We considered the latest global production capacity of PHAs, estimated at 66,000 tonnes/year, and examined the implications of using PHAs for WPC production on the WPC market. Results indicate that a hypothetical usage of the current global PHA production for WPC manufacture would only represent the equivalent of 4.4% of the global WPC market, which is currently experiencing a 10.5% compounded annual growth rate. An economic assessment revealed that a wood-PHA composite as a drop-in alternative WPC product could cost as little as 37% of the cost of its neat PHA counterpart. Thus, WPCs with PHA offer a means to access benefits of PHA in engineering applications at reduced costs; however, further developments are required to improve strain at failure. The successful adoption of wood-PHA composites into the market is furthermore reliant on support from public sector to encourage biodegradable products where recycling is not a ready solution.
<title>PLZT Ceramic As A High Speed Shutter</title> (1977)

Application of an electric field to PLZT optical ceramic material causes an electrically induced bifringence. When placed between crossed polaroids the device may be used to continuously vary the beam transmittance. Construction and performance details are discussed,
Measurements of loss factors of honeycomb sandwich structures (2009)

Loss factor measurements were performed on different sandwich panels to determine the effects of different skin and core materials on the acoustical properties of sandwich structures. The study included the following panel/beam designs: glass-epoxy skin with a meta-aramid (m-aramid) core, glass-epoxy skin with a para-aramid core, carbon skin with a m-aramid core, and a carbon skin with a m-aramid core of subsonic wave speed. The loss factors were calculated for all the above configurations. Analysis of the results revealed that panels constructed with carbon fiber skins exhibited larger loss factors than glass fiber skins. Panels designed to achieve a subsonic wave speed did not show a significant increase in loss factor above the coincidence frequency. The para-aramid core had a larger loss factor value than the meta-aramid core. The data indicated that judicious choice of sandwich materials can lead to reductions in noise transmission.
Corrigendum to: “Generation of two induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines from p.F508del Cystic Fibrosis patients” Stem Cell Res. 2018 May; 29:1–5 (2019)

The authors regret that the funding information was not properly included in the published version of the article. Credit for supporting the research included in the publication should be given to the Spanish Ministry for Science and Innovation (grant numbers PLE2009-0091, RTC-2014-2207-1 and IPT-2011-1402-900000); ISCIII PI14/01073, co-funded by ERDF/ESF Investing in your future; the Balearic Government (grant number 16023/2008); the Spanish Cystic Fibrosis Federation (Pablo Motos grant); Federacion ASEM-Telemaraton Todos somos raros, todos somos unicos; Fundacion Salud 2000; the European Commission, (H2020 grant number PHC-667079) and an endowment from METROVACESA. IML and AF were recipients of Juan de la Cierva postdoctoral fellowships from the Spanish Ministry for Science and Innovation (JCI-2009-05209 and JCI-2006-2675, respectively). VJA was a beneficiary of a co-funded contract from the Spanish Ministry for Science and Innovation (contract number: CA10/01371). VG and EP were recipients of predoctoral fellowships from the Balearic Government (FPI/CIMERA/2011 and FPI/FISIB/2013, respectively).
Dysregulated Adaptive Immunity Is an Early Event in Liver Cirrhosis Preceding Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure (2021)

Impaired innate and-in particular-adaptive cellular immunity occurs relatively early in the pathogenesis of liver cirrhosis and precedes ACLF. This may contribute to the development of ACLF by increasing the risk of infections in patients with liver cirrhosis.
Ammonia production by IMR‐90 fibroblast cultures: Effects of ammonia on glutathione, γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase, lysosomal enzymes, and cell division (1985)

gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase has multi-catalytic activities. It degrades glutathione and can produce ammonia from glutamine. The present study was designed to examine whether the decreased cell proliferation, cellular glutathione content and concurrent increase in ammonia production in senescent cells in culture are the result of increased gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity. We used IMR-90 fibroblast and 3T3 LI preadipocyte cultures. The cellular glutathione content depended upon cell proliferation and cell density. The glutathione content was higher in cells at logarithmic growth, and lower at stationary growth or post confluency; dead cells had no detectable glutathione by the method currently used. The glutathione content was minimal in "old" IMR-90 cells, regardless of cell density. On the other hand, an increase occurred in the unit number of molecules of bound 5-iodoacetoamidofluorescein, an active-site directed stoichiometric inhibitor of transpeptidase. That result corresponded favorably with the increased enzyme activity, suggesting that the number of enzyme molecules per cell was increased. The inhibition of ammonia production of the cultures by inhibition of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase by 5-iodoacetoamidofluorescein and reversible inhibition of ammonia production by a serine-borate mixture were consistent with our postulate. Addition of NH4Cl (0.1 mM) to IMR-90 cultures caused increased activities of transpeptidase and some of the lysosomal enzymes; concurrently, the amount of cellular glutathione and the number of cell divisions decreased. This suggests that the increased ammonia production presumably resulting from glutaminase activity of the observed increase of transpeptidase may profoundly affect certain cellular functions.
Performance study of an adaptive dual antenna handset for indoor communications (1999)

The focus of the paper is the design and evaluation of adaptive diversity for mobile handsets. Usually, diversity principles are optimised for base stations. However, for mobile handsets new concepts must be developed to include the size and power consumption constraints. A new modelling approach is introduced, which combines indoor radio channel simulations with circuit design parameters. This enables the inclusion of key system parameters, such as the speed of the user, the scanning speed of the antenna beams and the number of phase shifts. The radio channel simulations are based on a high-order finite-difference algorithm using the Berenger absorbing boundary condition to truncate the computational domain. The algorithm is found to be efficient and accurate enough to simulate very large structures. The analysis has resulted in an optimal design of an adaptive dual antenna handset, which combines received signals (fixed beam) while scanning the environment at the same time (scan beams). A prototype is evaluated with the numerical modelling tools and a measurement set-up. The performance is close to that of a perfect equal gain combiner.
Conduction mechanisms in 2D and 3D SIS capacitors (2013)

In this paper, we present a study of conduction mechanisms observed in high performance SIS capacitors (semiconductor–insulator–semiconductor) fabricated on bulk silicon. The combination of high aspect ratio 3D patterns and thin dielectric layers enables amazing capacitance density values. Electrical measurement and modeling of leakage currents have been associated with structural analysis in order to characterize different oxide–nitride stacks, and thus, to scale the layers and reach even higher capacitance densities. Conduction mechanisms are relevant of Fowler–Nordheim tunneling and Poole–Frenkel emission.