gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Case Based Learning- A method of active learning in Microbiology (2016)

Active learning happens when students are given the opportunity to develop more interactive relationship with subject, encouraging them to generate rather than simply receive knowledge. Case Based Learning (CBL) is one method where students are motivated towards self-learning and to develop analytic and problem solving skills. Didactic lectures on Tuberculosis and lower respiratory tract infections were conducted. Facilitators training program was conducted. Students were divided in small groups. A paper based case scenario of pulmonary tuberculosis was given to II MBBS students in two sessions. A pretest and posttest was conducted. An attitude survey of the students and teachers was done using a Likert scale ranging from strongly disagrees to strongly agree. There was a significant improvement in students’ performance when pre and posttest scores were compared (p =). The students opined that CBL helped them for better retention of knowledge and to better relate clinical conditions with basic sciences. CBL sessions helped them to significantly improve in soft skills, like communication skills, group dynamics and also promoted a better teacher student relationship. Faculty members opined that CBL promoted self-study and problem solving abilities of the students. To conclude our experience indicated that CBL session enhanced active learning in Microbiology, and such session would not only help students to gain requisite knowledge in microbiology but also enhance their communication and analytic skills. Key Words: Case Based Learning, Microbiology, Active learning
Disinfection By-Products in Water TreatmentThe Chemistry of Their Formation and Control (2017)

General Aspects Disinfection By-Products: Current Practices and Future Directions, J.L. Oxenford Minimizing Disinfection By-Product Formation While Ensuring Gardia Control, R.C. Andrews and M.J. Ferguson Chlorine By-Products The Impact of TOC and Bromide on Chlorination By-Product Formation, S.W. Krasner, M.J. Sclimenti, R. Chinn, Z.K. Chowdhury, and D.M. Owen Influence of Bromide Ion on Trihalomethane and Haloacetic Acid Formation, J.M. Symons, S.W. Krasner, M.J. Sclimenti, L.A. Simms, H.W. Sorensen, Jr., G.E. Speitel, Jr., and A.C. Diehl Removal of Chloroform from Drinking Water Using High Energy Electron Beam Irradiation, F.T. Mak, W.J. Cooper, C.N. Kurucz, M.G. Nickelsen, and T.D. Waite Disinfection By-Product Precursor Removal from Natural Waters Using Gamma Radiation to Simulate an Innovative Water Treatment Process, W.J. Cooper, K.L. Sawal, R. Slifker, M.G. Nickelsen, C.N. Kurucz, and T.D. Waite Ozonation and Brominated Disinfection By-Products An Overview of Ozonation Disinfection By-Products, H.S. Weinberg and W.H. Glaze Ozonation of Bromide-Containing Waters: Bromate Formation through Ozone and Hydroxyl Radicals, U. von Gunten and J. Hoigne Removal of Bromate after Ozonation during Drinking Water Treatment, M. Siddiqui, G.L. Amy, W. Zhai, and L. McCollum Ozone-Bromide Interactions with NOM Separated by XAD-8 Resin and UF/RO Membrane Methods, R. Song, R.A. Minear, P. Westerhoff, and G.L. Amy Evaluation of Bromate Formation and Ozone Decomposition Kinetics, P. Westerhoff, G.L. Amy, R. Song, and R.A. Minear Hydrolysis and Dehalogenation of Trihaloacetaldehydes, Y. Xie and D.A. Reckhow The Effect of Granular Activated Carbon Surface Chemistry on Bromate Reduction, J. Miller, V.L. Snoeyink, and S. Harrell DBP Speciation and Kinetics as Affected by Ozonation and Biotreatment, H.M. Shukairy and R.S. Summers Chloramines and Chlorine Dioxide Verification of a Rational Kinetic Model for Chloroform Formation from a Model Precursor during Water Chlorination, C.N. Haas and K. Topudurti Modeling the Distribution of Chloramines during Drinking Water Contamination, J. Yoon and J.N. Jensen Chloramine Loss and By-Product Formation in Chloraminated Water, S.W. Leung and R.L. Valentine A Study of Disinfection By-Products Formed Using Four Alternative Disinfectants as a Function of Precursor Characteristics, H. Teng and J.N. Veenstra A Study of ClO2 in Drinking Water Treatment: Formation and Control of Inorganic By-Products (ClO-2 and ClO-3), N. Karpel Vel Leitner, J. De Laat, M. Dore, and H. Suty Influence of Natural Organic Matter on By-Products Using Fractionated Natural Organic Matter to Study Ozonation By-Product Formation, S.A. Andrews and P.M. Huck Characterization of NOM Removal by Biofiltration: Impact of Coagulation, Ozonation, and Sand Media Coating, M.R. Collins and C.W. Vaughan Inhibition of GAC-Induced Phenol Coupling: Reactions by Humic Materials and Model Compounds, R.A. Larson, L.S. Chin, and V.L. Snoeyink Index
Tool for the Integrated Dynamic Numerical Propulsion System Simulation (NPSS)/Turbine Engine Closed-Loop Transient Analysis (TTECTrA) (2016)

1 Nomenclature 1 Acronyms 2 Introduction 2 The Benefits of TTECTrA 3 Controller Architecture 4 The Integrated NPSS-TTECTrA Model 5 Installation and Model Setup 6 Software Requirements for Using the Integrated NPSS/TTECTrA 6 TTECTrA Installation 6 NPSS Installation 6 MATLAB Configuration 6 Simulink Configuration 7 TTECTrA Operation 7 TTECTrA Auto (Non-GUI Operation) 9 Set Point Control 9 Acceleration Limiter 9 Deceleration Limiter 10 Integral Windup Protection 10 Verification/Simulation 10 Performance Map Plotting 12 Saving Controller Data 13 GUI Operation 13 Set Point Controller 14 Acceleration Schedule and Limiter 15 Deceleration Limiter 16 Integral Windup Protection 17 Manual Design and Debugging 18 Final Remarks 19 Appendix—Controller Elements to be Verified Against Another Model 21 References 22
Prevention of serious respiratory syncytial virus-related illness. II: Immunoprophylaxis (2011)

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes significant morbidity in very young children, preterm infants with and without chronic lung disease, and children with hemodynamically significant congenital heart disease. In the absence of a safe and effective vaccine, alternative means of protecting high-risk infants and young children from serious RSV illness have been studied. Clinical observations and animal model data over the past 30 years suggested that RSV immunoglobulin G (IgG) neutralizing antibodies might offer protection from severe RSV lower respiratory tract disease. Transfer of adequate amounts of IgG to the fetus does not occur efficiently until the third trimester of pregnancy, which helps to explain why premature infants are at high risk of serious RSV illness. Efforts shifted toward the prophylactic monthly administration of standard immunoglobulins and, later, of RSV-enriched immunoglobulin in selected high-risk infants and young children. Although this approach proved effective, RSV-enriched immune globulin was not suitable for all patients and administration was labor intensive. The development of palivizumab, a monoclonal antibody that can bind to a specific antigenic site on the virus and prevent cell-to-cell spread of infection has since become the mainstay of RSV illness prevention in preterm infants and those with significant congenital heart disease. Palivizumab, the only monoclonal antibody approved for the prevention of RSV lower respiratory tract disease must be administered monthly throughout the RSV season and does not always prevent serious RSV illness. Further research to develop more effective and less labor-intensive immunoprophylactic agents is ongoing.
3D and multispectral imaging for subcutaneous veins detection (2009)

The first and perhaps most important phase of a surgical procedure is the insertion of an intravenous (IV) catheter. Currently, this is performed manually by trained personnel. In some visions of future operating rooms, however, this process is to be replaced by an automated system. Experiments to determine the best NIR wavelengths to optimize vein contrast for physiological differences such as skin tone and/or the presence of hair on the arm or wrist surface are presented. For illumination our system is composed of a mercury arc lamp coupled to a 10nm band-pass spectrometer. A structured lighting system is also coupled to our multispectral system in order to provide 3D information of the patient arm orientation. Images of each patient arm are captured under every possible combinations of illuminants and the optimal combination of wavelengths for a given subject to maximize vein contrast using linear discriminant analysis is determined.
Nanoscale Hybrid Amorphous/Graphitic Carbon as Key Towards Next‐Generation Carbon‐Based Oxidative Dehydrogenation Catalysts (2021)

A new strategy affords "non-nano" carbon materials as dehydrogenation catalysts that perform similarly to nanocarbons. Polymer-based carbon precursors that combine a soft-template approach with ion adsorption and catalytic graphitization are key to this synthesis strategy, thus offering control over macroscopic shape, texture, and crystallinity and resulting in a hybrid amorphous/graphitic carbon after pyrolysis. From this intermediate the active carbon catalyst is prepared by removing the amorphous parts of the hybrid carbon materials via selective oxidation. The oxidative dehydrogenation of ethanol was chosen as test reaction, which shows that fine-tuning the synthesis of the new carbon catalysts allows to obtain a catalytic material with an attractive high selectivity (82 %) similar to a carbon nanotube reference, while achieving 10 times higher space-time yields at 330 °C. This new class of carbon materials is accessible via a technically scalable, reproducible synthetic pathway and exhibits spherical particles with diameters around 100 μm, allowing unproblematic handling similar to classic non-nano catalysts.
New paradigms of the automatic (2016)

The combination of pioneering robotic fabrication technology with the sustainable material wood points the way to a future where renewable, possibly local materials are given novel aesthetic and structural potential through bespoke automated robotic assembly methods. Considering building-scale applications, such a fully integrated robotic assembly of complex timber structures is in its infancy, and presents many theoretical, practical and methodological challenges to architecture. Aspecific case for the industrial implementation of robotic timber construction is presented by ‘The Sequential Roof’. Building-scale robotic timber construction is in its infancy, and presents many challenges to the architecture and the timber sector. The integration of all subsequent steps into one single process was fundamental in order to preserve digital information integrity and to avoid complex logistics such as the intermediate storage of prefabricated specific parts. In turn, tolerances in the build-up emerge, which, through their accumulation, cause major problems to the assembly process.
Chromosomal Aneuploidy Precedes Morphological Changes and Supports Multifocality in Head and Neck Lesions (2001)

The interphase fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) assay with centromeric may detect early changes in the progression of dyplastic epithelia to invasive carcinoma and supports the field cancerization theory of multifocality.
Использование интерлейкина-1β для местного лечения больных с трофическими язвами нижних конечностей венозной этиологии (2001)

The efficacy of IL-1β local applications in 25 patients with trophic ulcers of lower extremity has been studied. In the estimation of the results some clinical parameters (speed of ulcer healing; the beginning of granulation; the beginning of epithelialization, epithelialization on 1/2 of ulcerous area and full epithelialization) as well as laboratory data (cytological tests; evaluation of phagocytosis and bactericidal activity of neutrophils NBT-test; bacteriological tests) were taken into account. The obtained results indicate that IL-1β enhances phagocytosis and stimulates differentiation and functions of the cells involved in repair, that results in amplification of local inflammation and acceleration of venous ulcer granulation and epithelialization. (Med. Immunol., 2001, vol. 3, N 4, pp 533-539)
CO2 Injections for Enhanced Oil Recovery Visualized with an Industrial CT-scanner (2013)

The effect of micro-scale heterogeneities on front instabilities during secondary, liquid CO2 injections for enhanced oil recovery in standard-sized chalk core plugs was investigated. The rock structure and displacement process was imaged in an industrial CT-scanner to probe the effect of micro-scale heterogeneities on the flow patterns and development of plume and CO2 fingers during injections. Heterogeneities in the chalk samples include fractures, healed shear bands and remnants of burrows. A one-component mineral oil was placed in contact with CO2 at the experimental conditions to promote reproducibility between repeated tests. The chalk is considered homogeneous on a standard-sized plug level, and varies only slightly in porosity and permeability within a large number of cores. The high spatial resolution CT scanning revealed sub-mm healed shear bands running through the length of the core which potentially can cause a permeability decrease or diversion of the injected fluid. Total oil recovery from CO2 injection was around 90% regardless of heterogeneities, and there was no visible difference in CO2 arrival at the outlet. With no permeability contrast through the length of the core, the production of oil took place with less than one pore volume (PV) of CO2 injected. With a permeability contrast through the length of the core, more than one PV of CO2 was required to reach end-point oil saturation. Imaging the dynamic properties of a CO2 flood in the industrial CT showed how micro scale heterogeneities impact the flooding characteristics of a small core sample, as the healed shear bands diverted flow to a certain degree. It is also demonstrated how a larger permeability contrast will make the recovery more dependent on diffusion, which is a slower process than viscous displacement. The results demonstrate the need for characterization of micro-scale heterogeneity, because high permeability streaks and fractures will dominate flow during CO2 injection for EOR.
Recent Progress of Imprinted Polymer Photonic Waveguide Devices and Applications (2018)

Polymers are promising materials for fabricating photonic integrated waveguide devices. Versatile functional devices can be manufactured using a simple process, with low cost and potential mass-manufacturing. This paper reviews the recent progress of polymer photonic integrated devices fabricated using the UV imprinting technique. The passive polymer waveguide devices for wavelength filtering, power splitting, and light collecting, and the active polymer waveguide devices based on the thermal-optic tuning effect, are introduced. Then, the electro-optic (EO) modulators, by virtue of the high EO coefficient of polymers, are described. Finally, the photonic biosensors, which are based on low-cost and biocompatible polymer platforms, are presented.
The Action of Acid Proteinase fromAspergillus oryzaeon Soybean Proteins (1977)

Journal Article The Action of Acid Proteinase from Aspergillus oryzae on Soybean Proteins Get access Tadanobu Nakadai, Tadanobu Nakadai Noda Institute for Scientific Research, Noda, Chiba Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Seiichi Nasuno Seiichi Nasuno Noda Institute for Scientific Research, Noda, Chiba Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 41, Issue 2, 1 February 1977, Pages 409–410, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1977.10862509 Published: 01 February 1977 Article history Received: 24 September 1976 Published: 01 February 1977
The Anisotropic Structured Cell: A Practical Cryoelectric Storage Element (1968)

The realization of a fast random-access memory through application of cryoelectric technology is an attractive goal. The substantially perfect diamagnetism which characterizes the superconducting state permits the design of storage elements of very high packing density. The very low power densities and the extreme nonlinearity in the transition between the superconducting and normal states promise very fast operation of these elements with no half-select or delta noise. In addition, the number of memory positions that can be sensed appears to be quite large. In this paper, I describe the design concepts and performance of a three-wire1 cryoelectric storage element called the Anisotropic Structured Cell. Included is a comparison of the performance of the ASC storage elements as compared to loop cells of earlier design, and a discussion of the sense amplitude, signal-to-noise ratio, cell-to-cell isolation, operating tolerance, and operating current levels of high-density (13 200 cells/in.2) ASC arrays of ¼ million bit capacity. The paper also contains a first-order analysis of the use of these ASC elements in a large and practical high-speed cryoelectric memory organized in accordance with the hybrid, a, b, system.2
Al(Salen) Metal Complexes in Stereoselective Catalysis (2019)

Salen ligands are a class of Schiff bases simply obtained through condensation of two molecules of a hydroxyl-substituted aryl aldehyde with an achiral or chiral diamine. The prototype salen, or <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>'-bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine has a long history, as it was first reported in 1889, and immediately, some of its metal complexes were also described. Now, the salen ligands are a class of N,N,O,O tetradentate Schiff bases capable of coordinating many metal ions. The geometry and the stereogenic group inserted in the diamine backbone or aryl aldehyde backbone have been utilized in the past to efficiently transmit chiral information in a variety of different reactions. In this review we will summarize the important and recent achievements obtained in stereocontrolled reactions in which Al(salen) metal complexes are employed. Several other reviews devoted to the general applications and synthesis of chromium and other metal salens have already been published.
Developing the AC17 Efficiency Test for Mobile Air Conditioners (2013)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Chrysler, Ford, General Motors, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the California Air Resources Board (CARB) have collaborated over the past two years to develop an efficiency test for mobile air conditioner (MAC) systems. Because the effect of efficiency differences between different MAC systems and different technologies is relatively small compared to overall vehicle fuel consumption, quantifying these differences has been challenging. The objective of this program was to develop a single dynamic test procedure that is capable of discerning small efficiency differences, and is generally representative of mobile air conditioner usage in the United States. The test was designed to be conducted in existing test facilities, using existing equipment, and within a sufficiently short time to fit standard test facility scheduling.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Representative ambient climate conditions for the U.S. were chosen, as well as other test parameters, and a solar load was included. The procedure was then performed by the OEMs on a wide range of vehicles to assess repeatability, accuracy, and other parameters. While these evaluations continue, and the results have been at times mixed, the test is robust and the overall experience with the test has been positive.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Repeatability and accuracy have been good, but MAC CO₂ emissions are small compared to test-to-test variations in CO₂ emissions associated with other vehicle functions, especially on hybrid vehicles. Thus, even with normal test repeatability levels, the benefits of individual MAC technologies cannot always be discerned. Work continues to understand the performance of the test, including potential improvements and supplements. The new test is a useful addition to the tools we can use to assess MAC efficiency in order to make MAC improvements in the future.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Activation of eIF4E is increased dramatically in advanced prostate cancer and is inversely related to patient survival. (2007)

4063 eIF4E is the rate-limiting translation initiation factor governing the delivery of mRNA to ribosomes. eIF4E function is commonly enhanced in human and experimental cancers as a consequence of increased eIF4E expression or enhanced phosphorylation of the inhibitory eIF4E binding protein, 4EBP. Elevated eIF4E function preferentially enhances the translation of numerous potent growth and survival factors (e.g. c-myc, ODC, Cyclin D1). Accordingly, in experimental cancer models, eIF4E overexpression induces cellular transformation, tumorigenicity, invasion, metastasis and chemoresistance whereas eIF4E reduction can suppress malignancy. Increased eIF4E function has been demonstrated in human lymphomas and breast, head and neck, colon and bladder cancers. Moreover, eIF4E expression is consistently upregulated in metastases from numerous solid tumor types. Herein, we show for the first time that eIF4E function is elevated in human and experimental prostate cancers. In experimental prostate cancer models, eIF4E expression is increased specifically in hormone-refractory prostate cancer cells. In LNAI derivatives of LNCaP, 4EBP1 expression is reduced and the protein is hyperphosphorylated- a consequence of enhanced AKT signaling in LNAI cells. In hormone-refractory CWR22R xenograft tumors, the expression of eIF4E is increased relative to that in hormone- sensitive CWR22 tumors. In TRAMP transgenic tumors, eIF4E expression is also dramatically upregulated. Importantly, we also show that eIF4E function is elevated in human prostate cancer tissues. In a series of 140 prostate tissues, we show by immunohistochemistry that the levels of eIF4E and p4EBP1ser65 are substantially elevated in patients with advanced disease (≥ Gleason 7) (p
UOW: Semantically Informed Text Similarity (2012)

The UOW submissions to the Semantic Textual Similarity task at SemEval-2012 use a supervised machine learning algorithm along with features based on lexical, syntactic and semantic similarity metrics to predict the semantic equivalence between a pair of sentences. The lexical metrics are based on wordoverlap. A shallow syntactic metric is based on the overlap of base-phrase labels. The semantically informed metrics are based on the preservation of named entities and on the alignment of verb predicates and the overlap of argument roles using inexact matching. Our submissions outperformed the official baseline, with our best system ranked above average, but the contribution of the semantic metrics was not conclusive. 1