gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MAXENT priors for stochastic filtering problems (1998)

In the present paper, the problem of selecting priors for continuous-time processes is approached using the MaxEnt paradigm. First, assuming stationarity and Gaussianity, a suitable definition of differential entropy rate is introduced. Second, it is observed that a prior on the smoothness of the signal can be rather naturally expressed through the variances of the process and some of its derivatives. Finally, under some technical assumption, the expression of the MaxEnt spectrum is derived.
The “50% Pesticide Cuts” in Europe: A Glimpse of Our Future? (1995)

Three northern European countries—Sweden, Denmark, and The Netherlands—have passed legislation mandating reductions of 50% or more in the total use of agricultural pesticides by the year 2000. All categories of agricultural pesticides are included (i.e., insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, soil sterilants, and others). These European initiatives, which are targeted because they set measurable goals, may be “the handwriting on the wall” for future policy directions in the United States.
Molybdenum Carbide as a Highly Selective Deoxygenation Catalyst for Converting Furfural to 2‐Methylfuran (2014)

Selectively cleaving the C=O bond outside the furan ring of furfural is crucial for converting this important biomass-derived molecule to value-added fuels such as 2-methylfuran. In this work, a combination of density functional theory (DFT) calculations, surface science studies, and reactor evaluation identified molybdenum carbide (Mo2 C) as a highly selective deoxygenation catalyst for converting furfural to 2-methylfuran. These results indicate the potential application of Mo2 C as an efficient catalyst for the selective deoxygenation of biomass-derived oxygenates including furanics and aromatics.
Abstract LB-105: Gli-IKBKE interactions in pancreatic tumorigenesis (2012)

Abstract Oncogenic mutations in KRAS are detected in a majority of human pancreatic malignancies, and are considered an initiating event in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The downstream mechanisms through which KRAS drives tumorigenesis remain elusive. While recent in vitro studies have suggested that Gli proteins, the transcriptional effectors of Hedgehog signaling, may mediate KRAS oncogenic activity in PDAC cell lines, a requirement for Gli activation in pancreatic tumorigenesis has not been demonstrated in vivo. Here, we use genetically modified mouse models, and human PDAC cell lines to establish a requirement for Gli activation in KRAS initiation of pancreatic tumorigenesis, and identify IKBKE as a novel oncogenic target gene of Gli in PDAC. We show for the first time that inhibition of Gli transcription in the pancreatic epithelium suppressed the ability of activated KRAS to initiate tumorigenesis in vivo. Also, we find that expression of Gli1 along with oncogenic KRAS led to a dramatic acceleration in the formation of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) lesions, and increased mortality. Importantly, we identify IKBKE as a novel transcriptional target of Gli in PDAC cells, and also in the pancreatic epithelium in vivo. We also demonstrate that IKBKE is required for the survival and tumorigenicity of PDAC cells, thus implicating IKBKE as a novel pancreatic cancer oncogene. We have found that IKBKE activates the NF-kB pathway, and also activates Akt by phosphorylation in PDAC cells as part of its tumorigenic activity. Our studies demonstrate for the first time a requirement for Gli transcriptional activity in KRAS induced pancreatic tumorigenesis in vivo, and establish IKBKE as a novel Gli target and pancreatic cancer oncogene. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-105. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-105
Focal Brain Ischemia in the Rat: Methods for Reproducible Neocortical Infarction Using Tandem Occlusion of the Distal Middle Cerebral and Ipsilateral Common Carotid Arteries (1988)

This article describes a 3-year experience with focal neocortical ischemia in three rat strains. Multiple groups of adult Wistar (n = 50), Fisher 344 (n = 31), and spontaneously hypertensive (n = 72) rats were subjected to permanent occlusion of the distal middle cerebral (MCA) and ipsilateral common carotid arteries (CCA). Twenty-four hours later the animals were killed, and frozen brain sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin to demarcate infarcted tissue. The infarct volume for each section was quantified with an image analyzer, and the total infarct volume was calculated with an iterative program that summed all interval volumes. Neocortical infarct volume was the largest and most reproducible in the spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Statistical power analysis to project the numbers of animals necessary to detect a 25 or 50% change in infarct volume with alpha = 0.05 and beta = 0.2 revealed that only the SHR model was practical in terms of requisite animals: i.e., less than 10 animals per group. Tandem occlusion of the distal MCA and ipsilateral CCA in the SHR strain provides a surgically simple method for causing large neocortical infarcts with reproducible topography and volume. The interanimal variability in infarct volume that occurs even in the SHR strain dictates that randomized, concomitant controls are necessary in each study to ensure the accurate assessment of experimental manipulations or pharmacologic therapies.
Synthesis and structural studies of a new potassium uranyl selenate K(H5O2)[(UO2)2(SeO4)3(H2O)] with strongly deformed layers (2012)

Single crystals of a new uranyl selenate, K(H5O2)[(UO2)2(SeO4)3(H2O)] (I), were prepared by isothermal evaporation at room temperature. The crystal structure of I was solved by the direct method (space group P21/c; a = 11.456(2), b = 10.231(1), c = 14.809(2) Å; β = 101.901(4)°, V = 1698.4(4) Å3; Z = 4) and refined to R 1 = 0.0547 (wR 2 = 0.0825) for 3375 reflections with |F o| ≥ 4σ F . The structure of I is based on layers of the composition [(UO2)2(SeO4)3(H2O)]2−. The charge of the inorganic layer is compensated by potassium and oxonium ions located in the interlayer space. Each potassium ion is coordinated by seven oxygen atoms belonging to uranyl selenate layers, including uranyl oxygen atoms, which leads to bending of uranyl selenate structural elements.
The Natural History of Rotator Cuff Disease: Evidence in 2016 (2016)

Significant advancements have been made in the understanding of the natural history of symptomatic and asymptomatic rotator cuff (RC) tearing as well as the indications for their treatment. RC tears have a significant predilection toward tear enlargement. Risk factors for tear enlargement include the initiation of pain, higher degrees of muscle degeneration, older age, longer duration of follow-up, and increased tear severity (full-thickness vs. partial-thickness). It is still unclear if larger tear size (width) predisposes toward a higher risk for tear enlargement. Increased tear retraction appears to be associated with further retraction with a critical threshold of about 1 cm. The treatment of tears can be triaged based upon age, tear size, muscle quality, arthritic changes, and tear chronicity. Initial nonoperative treatment is reasonable for patients with tendonitis, partial-thickness RC tears, small full-thickness tears (<1 cm), chronic irreparable tears in any age group, and chronic tears of any size in older patients (>65 y). Early surgical repair is indicated for acute tears in any patient and larger (>1 cm) full-thickness chronic tears in younger (<65 y) patients. Further research is required to identify possible biologic and genetic markers for tear progression as well as healing to improve treatment indications.
Hapten-Specific Single-Cell Selection of Hybridoma Clones by Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting for the Generation of Monoclonal Antibodies (2017)

The conventional hybridoma screening and subcloning process is generally considered to be one of the most critical steps in hapten-specific antibody production. It is time-consuming, monoclonality is not guaranteed, and the number of clones that can be screened is limited. Our approach employs a novel hapten-specific labeling technique of hybridoma cells. This allows for fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and single-cell deposition and thereby eliminates the above-mentioned problems. A two-step staining approach is used to detect antigen specificity and antibody expression: in order to detect antigen specificity, hybridoma cells are incubated with a hapten-horseradish peroxidase conjugate (hapten-HRP), which is subsequently incubated with a fluorophore-labeled polyclonal anti-peroxidase antibody (anti-HRP-Alexa Fluor 488). To characterize the expression of membrane-bound immunoglobulin G (IgG), a fluorophore-labeled anti-mouse IgG antibody (anti-IgG-Alexa Fluor 647) is used. Hundreds of labeled hybridoma cells producing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific for a hapten were rapidly isolated and deposited from a fusion mixture as single-cell clones via FACS. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) measurements of the supernatants of the sorted hybridoma clones revealed that all hapten-specific hybridoma clones secrete antibodies against the target. There are significant improvements using this high-throughput technique for the generation of mAbs including increased yield of antibody-producing hybridoma clones, ensured monoclonality of sorted cells, and reduced development times.
P‐Glycoprotein conformational changes detected by antibody competition (2001)

Conformational changes accompanying P-glycoprotein (Pgp) mediated drug transport are reflected by changes in the avidity of certain monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). More of the UIC2 mAb binds to Pgp-expressing cells in the presence of substrates or modulators [Mechetner, E.B., Schott, B., Morse, S.B., Stein, W., Druley, T., Dvis, K.A., Tsuruo, T. & Roninson, I.B. (1997) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 94, 12908-12913], while the binding of other mAbs (e.g. MM12.10, MRK16, 4E3) is not conformation sensitive. Pre-staining of Pgp+ cells with UIC2 decreased the subsequent binding of MM12.10 mAb by about 30-40%, suggesting that there are Pgp molecules available for both UIC2 and MM12.10, and others accessible only for MM12.10. In the presence of certain substrates/modulators such as vinblastin, cyclosporin A or valinomycin, the MM12.10 reactivity was completely abolished by preincubation with UIC2. However, verapamil, Tween-80 and nifedipine did not influence the ratio of bound mAbs significantly. This is the first assay to our knowledge, sharply distinguishing two classes of modulators. The conformational changes accompanying the mAb competition phenomenon appear to be closely related, though not identical to those accompanying the UIC2-shift, as suggested by the simultaneous assessment of the two phenomena.
Fabrication of Thermo‐Responsive Hybrid Hydrogels by In‐Situ Mineralization and Self‐Assembly of Microgel Particles (2006)

Abstract Summary: An in‐situ mineralization process in the presence of thermo‐responsive microgels leads to the formation of well‐defined hybrid materials. Experimental data suggest that control of the mineralization process in the presence of the microgels offers the possibility to obtain sub‐micrometer‐sized hybrid particles or macroscopic hybrid hydrogels. The rapid formation of CaCO 3 crystals in the microgel structure favors the preparation of the hybrid particles wherein inorganic crystals cover the shell layer of the microgel. The slow formation of CaCO 3 crystals leads to the simultaneous self‐assembly of the microgel particles on the bottom of the reaction vessel, and the formation of a physical network. It has been demonstrated that hybrid hydrogel materials with different calcium carbonate contents and temperature‐dependent swelling‐deswelling properties can be prepared. Formation of a hybrid hydrogel by the vapor diffusion method. magnified image Formation of a hybrid hydrogel by the vapor diffusion method.
Menopausal Flushing: Double-blind Trial of a Non-hormonal Medication (1974)

A multicentre, placebo-controlled, double-blind, cross-over study conducted in general practice on 100 patients has shown clonidine to have a statistically highly significant effect in controlling the number and the severity and duration of menopausal flushes. The relatively mild side effects and the absence of potentially harmful oestrogenic effects suggest that clonidine in the dose range 25 to 75 mug twice daily is a useful addition or alternative to the existing therapy for this common symptom of the menopause.
Cäcilia unter den Deutschen (1994)

Wer Rom und besonders Trastevere kennt, der kennt auch Santa Cecilia, die Titularkirche der heiligen Cäcilia.1 Sie ist am gleichen Ort erbaut, an dem sich nach der Legende das Martyrium der Heiligen ereignet hat. Das wissen wir freilich erst seit dem neugierigen, positivistischen späten 19.Jahrhundert. Damals, in der Regierungszeit Papst Leos XIII., ließ Kardinal Rampolla unter den Fundamenten der alten Basilika graben — er fand ein Patrizierhaus aus dem frühen römischen Kaiserreich mit Inschriften, die auf die künftige Wohnung von Cäcilia und Valerianus verwiesen.2 Cäcilia und Valerianus? Jawohl, das junge schöne Mädchen, der Überlieferung nach aus vornehmem Geschlecht, war von den Eltern zur Ehe mit dem jungen Römer Valerianus bestimmt und konnte nach der Sitte der Zeit dem elterlichen Plan nicht offen widersprechen. So wartete sie bis zur Hochzeit ab, und erst im Brautgemach offenbarte sie ihrem Bräutigam — der damals noch Heide war — ihre Liebe zu Christus. Nach der legendären Passio, in der mehrere Lebensläufe aus verschiedenen Zeiten und Orten zusammengeronnen sind,3 bekehrt Cäcilia Valerianus, dieser wiederum bekehrt seinen Bruder Tiburtius; beide Brüder werden, weil sie hingerichtete Christen heimlich bestatten und das Kaiseropfer verweigern, vor den Richter geschleppt und zum Tod verurteilt — sie gehen, von Cäcilia als »Soldaten Christi« angefeuert, gemeinsam in den Tod. Dann ist die Reihe an Cäcilia selbst; mutig, ja herausfordernd steht sie dem Richter Rede und Antwort und verteidigt ihren Glauben so entschieden und klug, daß sich Hunderte ihrer Zuhörer zu Christus bekehren.
Translocation of N-WASP by Nuclear Localization and Export Signals into the Nucleus Modulates Expression of HSP90 (2003)

N-WASP regulates the actin cytoskeleton through activation of the Arp2/3 complex. N-WASP localizes at the cell periphery, where it controls actin polymerization downstream of signal molecules such as adapter proteins, Cdc42, Src family kinases, and phosphoinositides. N-WASP also localizes in the nucleus; however, the role of N-WASP in the nucleus is unclear. Here, we show that localization of N-WASP is controlled through phosphorylation by Src family kinases in which phosphorylated N-WASP is exported from the nucleus in a nuclear export signal (NES) and leptomycin B-dependent manner. N-WASP had nuclear localization signal (NLS) at its basic region and NES close to the phosphorylation site by Src family kinases, indicating that phosphorylation controls the accessibility to the NES through conformational changes. Increased levels of unphosphorylated N-WASP in the nucleus suppressed expression of HSP90 and transcription from a heat shock element (HSE). N-WASP bound heat shock transcription factor (HSTF) and enhanced the HSTF association with HSE. In addition, nuclear N-WASP was present in the protein complex that associates with HSE, suggesting that N-WASP participates in suppression of HSP90 transcription. Increased levels of unphosphorylated N-WASP also decreased the activities of Src family kinases in cells but not in experiments in vitro with pure N-WASP and Fyn. Because HSP90 is essential for the activities of Src family kinases, these results suggest that localization of N-WASP modulates Src kinase activity by regulating HSP90 expression.
ISOLATION OF α‐MELANOTROPIN AND N, O‐DIACETYLSERINE1‐α‐MELANOTROPIN FROM PORCINE PITUITARY EXTRACTS (1981)

In the course of isolation of alpha-melanotropin (alpha-MSH) from porcine pituitary extracts, a peptide with identical amino acid composition but slightly less polar properties compared to alpha-MSH was detected and isolated by partition chromatography. The new peptide was identified as N, O-diacetyl-Ser1-alpha-MSH by high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. N, O-diacetyl-Ser1-alpha-MSH was readily converted to alpha-MSH by incubation at pH 9.5. The O-acetyl analog of alpha-MSH was found to be as active as alpha-MSH in stimulating lipolysis in isolated rabbit adipocytes.
Fabrication and characterization of erbium-doped toroidal microcavity lasers (2006)

Erbium-doped SiO2 toroidal microcavity lasers are fabricated on a Si substrate using a combination of optical lithography, etching, Er ion implantation, and CO2 laser reflow. Erbium is either preimplanted in the SiO2 base material or postimplanted into a fully fabricated microtoroid. Three-dimensional infrared confocal photoluminescence spectroscopy imaging is used to determine the spatial distribution of optically active Er ions in the two types of microtoroids, and distinct differences are found. Microprobe Rutherford backscattering spectrometry indicates that no macroscopic Er diffusion occurs during the laser reflow for preimplanted microtoroids. From the measured Er doping profiles and calculated optical mode distributions the overlap factor between the Er distribution and mode profile is calculated: Γ=0.066 and Γ=0.02 for postimplanted and preimplanted microtoroids, respectively. Single and multimode lasing around 1.5μm is observed for both types of microtoroids, with the lowest lasing threshold (4.5μW) observed for the preimplanted microtoroids, which possess the smallest mode volume. When excited in the proper geometry, a clear mode spectrum is observed superimposed on the Er spontaneous emission spectrum. This result indicates the coupling of Er ions to cavity modes.
The flow cytometric analysis of in vitro phagocytic activity of earthworm coelomocytes (Eisenia foetida; Annelida) (1990)

Abstract We have detected in vitro phagocytic activity of earthworm coelomocytes (Eisenia foetida, Annelida) by flow cytometry using FITC-labelled synthetic 2-hydroxy-ethylmethacrylate particles (FITC-HEMA). We have observed that the phagocytic activity is increased after in vivo stimulation by a protein antigen (arsanylated human serum albumin) and after pre-incubation of particles in cell-free coelomic fluid.
Liver Development, Regeneration, and Carcinogenesis (2010)

The identification of putative liver stem cells has brought closer the previously separate fields of liver development, regeneration, and carcinogenesis. Significant overlaps in the regulation of these processes are now being described. For example, studies in embryonic liver development have already provided the basis for directed differentiation of human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells into hepatocyte-like cells. As a result, the understanding of the cell biology of proliferation and differentiation in the liver has been improved. This knowledge can be used to improve the function of hepatocyte-like cells for drug testing, bioartificial livers, and transplantation. In parallel, the mechanisms regulating cancer cell biology are now clearer, providing fertile soil for novel therapeutic approaches. Recognition of the relationships between development, regeneration, and carcinogenesis, and the increasing evidence for the role of stem cells in all of these areas, has sparked fresh enthusiasm in understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms and has led to new targeted therapies for liver cirrhosis and primary liver cancers.
[Pediatric papular acrodermatitis and double primary infection by the hepatitis B virus and the Epstein-Barr virus]. (1985)

A case of papular infantile acrodermatitis was evaluated in a twenty-two month-old child. Laboratory data showed the presence of a cytolytic hepatitis associated to an increase in circulating monocytes (1.500/mm3) with hyperbasophilic cells. Hepatitis B surface (HBs) antigen was detected in the serum, associated to anti-HBc antibodies of the IgM class, without detectable anti-HBs antibodies. Simultaneously, EBV serologic profiles were consistent with a primary infection. The authors review the clinical presentation of previously described cases according to their suspected cause, and discuss the etiologic role of both EBV and HBV in the hereby reported case.
<title>Cyclic uniaxial strains on fibroblasts-seeded PLGA scaffolds for tissure engineering of ligaments</title> (2005)

Mechanical strain regulates the structure and mechanical properties of the engineering tissue. Previous studies showed that cyclic mechanical strain affect in development and function of cells in tissue formation on various three-dimension scaffolds. In this study, the effect of cyclic uniaxial tensile straining on cell morphology was investigated. The objective of this research is to investigate the effect of cyclic uniaxial strain on cells' growth on knitted PLGA (Poly-Lactide-co-glycolide) scaffolds. A biocompatible cyclic uniaxial tensile straining device (bioreactor) was developed. Cyclic uniaxial straining was applied at 1.8% strain for 4 hours daily. To study the effect of cyclic frequency on cells' growth, two sets (1Hz and 0.1 Hz) of frequencies were used. After two weeks stimulation, the cell morphology was studied with the aid of Hematoxylin & Eosin staining using paraffin sectioning. In both frequency sets the mean nuclei length are longer than unstrained specimens. The cell population also tended to orientate parallel to the straining axis. In 0.1Hz frequency straining, more cell population are aligned in the straining direction than in 1Hz frequency. This study has demonstrated that cyclic uniaxial strain affect on cell morphology and mechanical properties of engineering tissue.