gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An enhanced performance IPT based battery charger for electric vehicles application (2014)

World-wide scientists/engineers were motivated to research in the area of renewable energy resources and to reduce the consumption of fossil fuels. Hence, electric and hybrid vehicles have won the attention of many researchers and vehicles manufacturers. Electric vehicle requires a charging system having a high degree of reliability and robustness and to run maintenance-free. This brings the inductive power transfer (IPT) systems to play a significant role in electric vehicle battery chargers applications. IPT system has proved its capability to be a safe, convenient, and efficient electric vehicle battery charger through its features, such as operating in a harsh environment, high efficiency at reasonable power levels, and decreasing equipment maintenance through operating without any mechanical contacts. This paper presents an enhanced performance IPT system, which is particularly suitable for electric vehicle battery charging application. The proposed system is slightly affected by the small tolerance between sender (track coil) and receiver (pickup coil). Relation between application, transformer configuration selection, and power converter controller is discussed in details. The proposed system effectiveness is investigated, in addition to simulation, by an experimental set-up.
Genetic Algorithm based Back-Propagation Neural Network approach for fault diagnosis in lithium-ion battery system (2015)

Safety is important in a lithium-ion battery power system. It is necessary to adopt an effective fault diagnosis method to keep the battery power system in the good working status. In this paper, Genetic Algorithm (GA) is integrated to build a single hidden layer Back-Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) for fault diagnosis. In the process of training the neural network, GA is used to initialize and optimize the connection weights and thresholds of the neural network. Several faults are detected by the proposed GA optimized fault diagnosis scheme. Simulation results show that the proposed fault diagnosis scheme provides satisfactory results.
Controllable Preparation of Monodisperse O/W and W/O Emulsions in the Same Microfluidic Device (2006)

This letter presents a simple way to prepare monodisperse O/W and W/O emulsions in the same T-junction microfluidic device just by changing the wetting properties of the microchannel wall with different surfactants. Highly uniform droplets ranging from 50 to 400 mum with a polydispersity index (sigma) value of less than 2% were successfully prepared. With the change in surfactants and surfactant concentrations, the interfacial tension and the wetting properties varied, and disordered or ordered two-phase flow patterns could be controllable. Monodisperse O/W and W/O emulsions were prepared under the action of a cross-flowing shear force or a perpendicular shear force by using an oil solution with 0.1-2.0 wt % Span 80 and an aqueous solution with 0.1-2.0 wt % Tween 20 as a continuous-phase flow, respectively. It gives a controllable method of preparing O/W and W/O emulsions in the same microfluidic device.
Desulfurization and Emissions Control (2007)

Desulfurization removes elemental sulfur and its compounds from solids, liquids, and gases. Predominantly, desulfurization involves the removal of sulfur oxides from flue gases, compounds of sulfur in petroleum refining, and pyritic sulfur in coal cleaning. This chapter discusses the following topics: 1. Sulfur pollution (sulfur oxides, hydrogen sulfide, and organic sulfur pollutants). 2. The US Air Quality Act. 3. Solid-phase desulfurization (coal cleaning, gasification, and liquefaction). 4. Liquid-phase desulfurization (acid-lake restoration for H2SO4 removal and groundwater decontamination for H2S removal). 5. Gas-phase desulfurization (SO x and H2S removals from air emission streams).
A fluorescent metal–organic framework for highly selective detection of nitro explosives in the aqueous phase (2014)

Selective and sensitive nitro explosive detection by a porous luminescent metal-organic framework has been reported. For the first time MOF based selective explosive detection in the presence of other nitro analytes in aqueous media is demonstrated.
A Note on Devaney’s Definition of Chaos (2004)

Abstract Devaney [5] defines a function to be chaotic if it satisfies three conditions: transitivity, having dense set of periodic points and sensitive dependence on initial conditions. Banks et al [2] prove that if the function is continuous then the third condition is implied from the first two and therefore it is redundant. However, if the function is not assumed to be continuous, then it is not known if the third condition is redundant or not. In this note, without assuming the function is continuous, we prove that the third condition is redundant if the underlying topological space is not precompact.
Bacterial Ribonucleic Acid in the Frog Brain after a Bacterial Peritoneal Infection (1972)

Frogs were injected intraperitoneally with bacteria, and the RNA of the brains (which have protective barriers against the bacteria used) was extracted. Part of the RNA was bacterial RNA apparently resulting from the transcription of DNA transferred from bacteria to the brain cells.
Fabrication Methods of Compliant Mechanisms (2017)

This paper will present specific procedures and processing methods of compliant mechanisms. Will mention a few unconventional and conventional processing methods for compliant mechanisms. Also, will present, detailed, three obtaining methods of these mechanisms, authors participating at production process, such as: milling method, 3D printing method and shaped by moulding method. These methods will demonstrate experimentally some effective ways of achieving the compliant mechanisms each with their advantages and disadvantages, presented in paper. At the end of this paper will present the results and the conclusions of the three studied methods.
Hautinfektionen durch Insektenstiche nach Fernreisen bei Kindern (2019)

Zusammenfassung Nach Fernreisen in die Tropen und Subtropen finden sich als Grund für einen Arztbesuch neben den klassischen vektorübertragenen Erkrankungen wie Malaria oder Denguefieber und der Reisediarrhö auch zu ca. 20 % neu aufgetretene dermatologische Erkrankungen. Ursächlich ist meistens der Kontakt der Haut und Schleimhäute mit Insekten durch Biss oder Stich mit einer meist juckenden Lokalreaktion und der Gefahr einer bakteriellen Superinfektion. Einige Insektenarten dienen als Vektoren für systemische Infektionen sowie lokale Hautparasitosen, andere zeigen sich als Ektoparasitosen. Die Erregerspezies von nach Fernreisen neu aufgetretenen Hautveränderungen sind vielfältig, oft ist das Spektrum der Erreger weltweit verbreitet und somit nicht speziell auf Fernreisen bezogen. Es finden sich aber auch Infektionen, die je nach Reisestil, Reisedauer, und vor allem Reiseregion in unterschiedlicher Häufung und Wahrscheinlichkeit auftreten können. Die Hautinfektionen bei Kindern unterscheiden sich nur gering von denen bei Erwachsenen. Körpergröße, Sozial- und Spielverhalten haben jedoch einen wesentlichen Einfluss auf die Häufigkeit spezieller Hautinfektionen bei Kindern nach Fernreisen. Wichtigste Form der Krankheitsvermeidung ist die Prävention eines Kontaktes mit Insekten. In diesem Artikel soll dem niedergelassenen Pädiater und Kliniker eine Kurzübersicht und Empfehlung gegeben werden, um den wichtigsten reiseassoziierten infektiologischen Hautmanifestationen bei Kindern im Alltag zu begegnen.
Sources et bibliographie (2000)

I) Sources 1) Décisions et rapports officiels de l’administration centrale Archivo Histórico Nacional – Sección de Consejos Indias, Legs. 21533, 21534, 21729. – Sección Estado Consejo de Indias, Legs. 2312, 2321, 2334. Archivo General de Indias – Audiencia de México Registro de oficios, Reales órdenes et reales cédulas, Legs. 1078 à 1087, 1103 à 1115, 1116-1117. Materias gubernativas e informes, Legs. 1157-1158. Decretos originales, Legs. 16-17. – Indiferente General Decretos originales, Legs...
Scanning electron microscopic study of laser‐induced morphologic changes of a coated enamel surface (1990)

A low-energy Nd:YAG laser was used to irradiate extracted human teeth coated with a black energy-absorbent laser initiator in a study to determine the extent of the morphologic changes produced in the enamel surface. The laser initiator was applied to a cleaned enamel surface and irradiated at an energy output of 30 mJ or 75 mJ. Both energy levels produced morphologic changes of the surface. There was a sharp line of demarcation between the coated, irradiated area and the surrounding noncoated enamel surface. The scanning electron microscope view at the lower energy level showed that the surface had melted and reformed with numerous small, bubble-like inclusions. The 75 mJ energy level showed individual impact craters with shallow centers and raised edges containing numerous pores and large, bubble-like inclusions. Etching is a dental procedure in which an acid is normally used to remove a thin outer layer of the tooth structure. This is necessary to create a roughened, irregular surface in order to provide mechanical retention for dental restorative materials. The changes produced by the laser in this study suggest a simple, effective, and controlled method of etching the enamel surface of a tooth by altering its surface characteristics.
Supported organoactinides. High-resolution solid-state carbon-13 NMR studies of catalytically active, alumina-bound pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)thorium methyl and hydride complexes (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSupported organoactinides. High-resolution solid-state carbon-13 NMR studies of catalytically active, alumina-bound pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)thorium methyl and hydride complexesPaul J. Toscano and Tobin J. MarksCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 3, 653–659Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00289a017https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00289a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views245Altmetric-Citations77LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Random access over multiple access channels: A queuing perspective (2008)

This paper investigates a slotted random access system where packet capture is modeled using communication theoretic techniques. It is shown that the optimum rates and attempt probabilities depend on the receiver architecture, operating signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and block length. High SNR analysis reveals that joint decoder asymptotically yields either a collision channel or a non-interacting channel, and single-user decoder results in a collision channel. Specific scenarios are investigated at intermediate SNR to determine when this all-or-nothing regime applies.
Computer assisted orthopaedic surgery. Image guided and robotic assistive technologies. (1998)

Technologies are emerging that will influence the way in which orthopaedic surgery is planned, simulated, and performed. Recent advances in the fields of medical imaging, computer vision, and robotics have provided the enabling technologies to permit computer aided surgery to become an established area which can address clinical needs. Although these technologies have been applied in industry for more than 20 years, the field of computer assisted orthopaedic surgery is still in its infancy. Image guided and surgical navigation systems, robotic assistive devices, and surgical simulators have begun to emerge from the laboratory and hold the potential to improve current surgical practice and patients' outcomes. The goals of these new clinically focused technologies are to develop interactive, patient specific preoperative planners to optimize the performance of surgery and the postoperative biologic response, and develop more precise and less invasive interactive smart tools and sensors to assist in the accurate and precise performance of surgery. The medical community is beginning to see the benefit of these enabling technologies which can be realized only through the collaboration and combined expertise of engineers, roboticists, computer scientists, and surgeons.
Complexity in Estimation of Esomeprazole and its Related Impurities' Stability in Various Stress Conditions in Low-Dose Aspirin and Esomeprazole Magnesium Capsules (2013)

A complex, sensitive, and precise high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the profiling of impurities of esomeprazole in low-dose aspirin and esomeprazole capsules has been developed, validated, and used for the determination of impurities in pharmaceutical products. Esomeprazole and its related impurities' development in the presence of aspirin was traditionally difficult due to aspirin's sensitivity to basic conditions and esomeprazole's sensitivity to acidic conditions. When aspirin is under basic, humid, and extreme temperature conditions, it produces salicylic acid and acetic acid moieties. These two byproducts create an acidic environment for the esomeprazole. Due to the volatility and migration phenomenon of the produced acetic acid and salicylic acid from aspirin in the capsule dosage form, esomeprazole's purity, stability, and quantification are affected. The objective of the present research work was to develop a gradient reversed-phase liquid chromatographic method to separate all the degradation products and process-related impurities from the main peak. The impurities were well-separated on a RP8 column (150 mm × 4.6mm, X-terra, RP8, 3.5μm) by the gradient program using a glycine buffer (0.08 M, pH adjusted to 9.0 with 50% NaOH), acetonitrile, and methanol at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min(-1) with detection wavelength at 305 nm and column temperature at 30°C. The developed method was found to be specific, precise, linear, accurate, rugged, and robust. LOQ values for all of the known impurities were below reporting thresholds. The drug was subjected to stress conditions of hydrolysis, oxidation, photolysis, and thermal degradation in the presence of aspirin. The developed RP-HPLC method was validated according to the present ICH guidelines for specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection, limit of quantification, ruggedness, and robustness.
Fabrication of electron beam generated, chirped, phase mask (1070.11–1070.66 nm) for fiber Bragg grating dispersion compensator (1998)

We report on the fabrication of a chirped, phase mask that was used to create a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) device for the compensation of chromatic dispersion in longhaul optical transmission networks. Electron beam lithography was used to expose the grating onto a resist-coated quartz plate. After etching, this phase mask was used to holographically expose an index grating into the fiber core [K. O. Hill, F. Bilodeau, D. C. Johnson, and J. Albert, Appl. Phys. Lett. 62, 1035 (1993)]. The linear increase in the grating period, “chirp,” is only 0.55 nm over the 10 cm grating. This is too small to be defined by computer aided design and a digital deflection system. Instead, the chirp was incorporated by repeatedly rescaling the analog electronics used for field size calibration. Special attention must be paid to minimize any field stitching and exposure artifacts. This was done by using overlapping fields in a “voting” method. As a result, each grating line is exposed by the accumulation of three overlapping exposures at 1/3 dose. This translates any abrupt stitching error into a small but uniform change in the line-to-space ratio of the grating. The phase mask was used with the double-exposure photoprinting technique [K. O. Hill, F. Bilodeau, B. Malo, T. Kitagawa, S. Thériault, D. C. Johnson, J. Albert, and K. Takiguchi, Opt. Lett. 19, 1314 (1994)]: a KrF excimer laser holographically imprints an apodized chirped Bragg grating in a hydrogen loaded SMF-28 optical fiber. Our experiments have demonstrated a spectral delay of −1311 ps/nm with a linearity of +/−10 ps over the 3 dB bandwidth of the resonant wavelength of the FBG. The reflectance, centered on 1550 nm, shows a side-lobe suppression of −25 dB. Fabrication processes and optical characterization will be discussed.
Ultrasonic Imaging (2006)

Abstract The basic principles of ultrasonic B‐mode imaging are summarized. Tissue features that generate contrast and system features that control image quality are reviewed in the context of breast cancer imaging. Approaches to signal modeling, including B‐mode and Doppler techniques, are reviewed to guide methodological design and clinical evaluation. The article concludes with a brief summary of current research.
ION ASSOCIATION. IV. EFFECT OF SODIUM SULFATE INFUSION ON RENAL CLEARANCE AND BODY RETENTION OF INJECTED RADIOSTRONTIUM IN DOGS* (1961)

Carrier-free isotopes of strontium, Sr/sup 85/ and Sr/sup 89/, were injected intravenously into dogs. At intervals of 2.5 to 168 hr later, solutions containing sulfate were infused for 2 to 20 hr. The rate of urinary radiostrontium excretion immediately increased 6- to 40-fold. Radiostrontium clearance per 100 ml glomerular filtrate increased linearly with sulfate excretion. The fraction of filtered strontium excreted reached 80% as compared with a normal value of less than 10%. During sulfate infusion, 22 to 50% of the estimated amount of isotope remaining was excreted in the urine, provided that therapy was instituted within 18 hr of injection. When therapy was delayed, less than 15% of the remaining radiostrontium was removed. In half of the experiments, the amount of isotope excreted in the urine during sulfate infusion was more than twice the amount estimated to be in the extracellular fluid, indicating that deposits of radiostrontium were mobilized from the skeleton and/ or the tissues, 46 references. (auth)
SENSORY AND INSTRUMENTAL EVALUATION OF APPLE COLOR (1995)

ABSTRACT Instrumental measurement of color places hue in a 360° continuum, but sensory description of color usually refers to distinct hues — red, green, yellow etc. Color evaluation of “Golden Delicious” apples by both an instrumental method and an experienced sensory panel was conducted to determine if sensory panelists perceive changes of golden apple color in green and yellow hues separately or on a hue continuum from green to yellow. Apple color changed from green to yellow during storage. Two different sensory scoring ballots were used to determine if sensory panelists view color in discrete green and yellow hues or on a green‐to‐yellow continuum. Data collected from this study demonstrated that sensory panelists can detect the color changes of decreasing greenness, increasing yellowness, and color change from green to yellow in an equal fashion. Hue angle represented the best predictor of sensory color perception.
Transplantation of Viable Meniscal Allograft (2006)

Transplantation of a viable meniscal allograft can significantly relieve pain and improve function of the knee joint. Survival analysis showed that this beneficial effect remained in approximately 70% of the patients at ten years. This study identified the need for a prospective study comparing patients with similar symptoms and clinical findings treated with and without a meniscal allograft and followed for a longer period with use of clinical evaluation as well as more objective documentation tools regarding the actual fate of the allograft itself and the articular cartilage.
Xanthine Scaffold: Available Synthesis Routes to Deliver Diversity by Derivatization (2020)

The functionalization of the skeletal systems of heterocycles represents a significant goal for the development of new compounds. The heterocyclic molecule xanthine (3,7-dihydro-1Hpurine- 2,6-dione) is a purine base with a bicyclic ring skeleton and four different nitrogen atoms, three of them are -NH groups. The principal derivatives are the well known natural methylxanthines (e.g., caffeine, theophylline and theobromine) that have prominent physiological effects at a very low dose. The natural methylated xanthines, theophylline, theobromine and caffeine, are present in different plants such as the tea, cocoa and coffee species. For this reason natural xanthines can be considered as bio-based and renewable starting materials; their use in organic synthesis is strongly recommended in order to carry out sustainable chemistry. Essentially, the xanthine scaffold led to the preparation of numerous compounds very attractive in the pharmaceutical field, and these drugs are commercialized for a wide range of biological activities. The scope of this mini-review is to consider the use of natural xanthines as starting material in chemical transformations carried out in organic solvents, without the intent to be exhaustive of all the synthetically chemical applications. More information on the chemical and electrochemical reactivity of this structural core in an organic solvent can be useful for the scientific community. The effectiveness of natural xanthines can be improved by modifying the structures of these already biologically active compounds.
Summary of FY 1979 material support studies for SPI - migration and immobilization. [Analyses of slag products] (1979)

Material studies were performed in support of the Slagging Pyrolysis Incinerator Project for characterizing the slag product expected from processing low-level waste. The studies included chemical compositional analysis of slag products from waste feed after pyrolysis, slag/refractory interactions, phase and structure of the slag, and chemical leaching. A series of slag compositions were identified using average waste feed and soil. The slags are termed iron-rich basalt vitrophyre. For the materials tests a series of uranium-doped slags were made in the laboratory. Ruby refractory was observed to be the most compatible with the slag series. Structure studies on the slags disclosed that the primary crystalline phases that develop are diopside (CaMgSi/sub 2/O/sub 6/) and iron oxide. Chemical leach tests performed on the slag series show evidence that the slags have a high resistance to leaching.
Matrix Metalloproteinases And Aggrecanase (2000)

Matrix metalloproteinase activity is more prevalent in herniated discs than in other disc disorders studied, although matrix metalloproteinases may have been more common earlier in the disease progression. Matrix metalloproteinases can be produced by invading blood vessels and associated cells, as well as by indigenous disc cells. Aggrecanase activity, although present in some samples, was not as obvious as that of matrix metalloproteinases. In addition to altered matrix metalloproteinase production, there appears to be a change in the balance between enzymes and endogenous inhibitors, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases. This study highlights specific matrix metalloproteinases that might be most efficient to target in developing therapeutics for minimizing degradation of the extracellular matrix of the disc.