gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation and in vitro Evaluation of Linear and Star-branched PLGA Nanoparticles for Insulin Delivery (2008)

Biodegradable nanoparticles, as drug delivery paradigms, have been extensively used for delivery of a wide range of small molecules as well as macromolecules, such as peptides, proteins, and genes. The morphological modification may improve the physicochemical characteristics of the biodegradable polymers. In the current investigation, the synthesis and characterization of linear, poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA)-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-PLGA), star-branched β-cyclodextrin-PLGA (β-CD-PLGA), and glucose-PLGA (Glu-PLGA) copolymers containing insulin as a model peptide drug have been reported. Linear and star-branched copolymers of PLGA were synthesized by bulk melt polymerization of the lactones (lactide and glycolide) in the presence of PEG, glucose, or β-CD using Sn-octoate as catalyst. Nanoparticles were prepared by a modified (w 1 /o/w 2 ) double emulsion method. Bovine insulin was successfully encapsulated into the linear and star-branched PLGA nanoparticles with retention of insulin stability and the nanoparticles preparation process was optimized to reduce the burst effect and provide in vitro sustained release. The average particle size of samples was 120—355 nm. The cumulative amount of 65—84% insulin was released from the samples after 24 days. The yield of encapsulation of insulin was superior to 95%. Based on these findings, it is suggested that the novel PLGA nanoparticles can be used as a carrier for prolonged delivery of protein—peptide drugs.
Via-Configurable Routing Architectures and Fast Design Mappability Estimation for Regular Fabrics (2006)

In this paper, we describe a new via-configurable routing architecture which shows a much better throughput and performance than the previous structures. We demonstrate how to construct a single-via-mask fabric to reduce the mask cost further, and we analyze the penalties which it incurs. To solve the routability problem commonly existing in fabric-based designs, an efficient white-space allocation and an incremental cell movement scheme are suggested, which help to provide a fast design convergence and early prediction of circuit's mappability to a given fabric
Direct drainage of the basal vein of Rosenthal into the superior petrosal sinus: a literature review (2020)

An adult male was found to have a variation of the left basal vein of Rosenthal after presenting with complaints of headache and balance issues. In this case, the vein drained directly into the left superior petrosal sinus (SPS) instead of the great vein of Galen. Anatomical variation of the basal vein is likely due to embryonic development of the deep cerebral venous system as primitive structures either differentiate regress or further with age. These changes may result in the uncommon presentation seen in this case. To our knowledge, this is the first case that shows the basal vein drains into the SPS. The normal and variant anatomy of this vessel are discussed.
OC10.04: Estimating fetal gestational age based on ultrasound image characteristics using artificial intelligence (2020)

Assessment of gestational age (GA) is essential to guide obstetric care. Measurement of CRL is the gold standard for GA estimation, but when women present in late pregnancy, GA estimation is based on biometry. This is inaccurate when fetal size is smaller or larger than expected. Our aim was to assess if GA can be accurately estimated based on automated image appearance analysis, without fetal biometry. Quality assessed ultrasound images of head circumference (HC) and abdominal circumference (AC) were used from a multicentre study database of women with known GA (CRL performed < 14 weeks) who underwent serial ultrasound examinations from 15 to 40 weeks. We split data randomly into 67.5% training, 7.5% validation and 25% testing sets. We developed and tested an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm using a regression neural network to estimate the GA, based on image characteristics only without measurement information. In total 24,403 ultrasound images were used. Automatic GA estimation was most accurate in the early second trimester and variation increased as GA increased. The HC performed best: at 16 weeks the estimated GA with variation around the mean (95% Limits of Agreement) was +/- 7.8 days, while at 32 weeks it was +/- 17.2 days. For the AC the respective values were +/- 15.0 days and +/- 18.8 days. This compares with previously published formula which estimates GA from HC and femur length (FL) measurements +/- 6.5 days and +/- 15.4 days, respectively. These early results of AI-based GA estimation compare favourably with estimation based on biometry. As our method is based only on image characteristics, the theoretical advantage is that it is less prone to GA estimation error when there are fetal growth aberrations. This has the potential to improve GA estimation in settings where women first present late in pregnancy.
The effect of a Computerized Decision Support System on prehospital assessment: results of an interrupted time-series study (2014)

The effect of a Computerized Decision Support System on prehospital assessment: results of an interrupted time-series study
ChemInform Abstract: AN EFFICIENT STEREOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS OF (.+‐.)‐SWEROSIDE AND (.+‐.)‐SECOLOGANIN AGLUCONE O‐METHYL ETHERS (1978)

Abstract [2 + 2]‐Photoanellierung der Reagenzien (I) und (II) ergibt überwiegend das gewünschte Photoaddukt (III) (das trans‐anellierte Isomere entsteht in Sproz. Ausb.), aus dem über die Epimerengemische (IV)‐(VI) die Hydroxylactone (VII) erhalten werden.
First evaluations of the neighbor logic of the digital SiPM tile (2012)

For a high resolution PET/MRI insert, we are using pixelated scintillator arrays with 1 mm pitch in combination with digital SiPM arrays. The pitch of the digital SiPM arrays is 4 mm. Therefore, a light-sharing technique is used to identify individual crystals. Information from several sensors, a cluster, is needed to identify the crystal in which a gamma photon has been converted to scintillation photons. We present first evaluations of the neighbor logic (NL) of the PDPe DLS 3200-22 dSiPM. The NL allows the use of strict trigger validation criteria while delivering the complete light distribution on the sensor tile. Measurements are performed at ~10°C sensor temperature. We compare the measurement with enabled NL to a standard triggering scheme which needs to use low trigger validation thresholds in order to achieve the same performance. Positioning of clusters is performed using a center-of-gravity algorithm. We show that the NL trigger scheme allows to achieve a better energy resolution and improved crystal identification. Furthermore, we show that the NL allows to recover more clusters containing light distributions with less missing relevant information while reducing the noise level in the data by more than one order of magnitude.
RMSS: an efficient recovery management scheme on NAND flash memory based solid state disk (2013)

In many consumer electronics such as digital camcorders, notebooks, and tablet PCs, hard disk drive (HDD) has been replaced with NAND flash memory based solid state disk (SSD) because of its fast speed and low power consumption. However, since SSD inherits the limitations of NAND flash memory such as erase-before-write architecture and asymmetric read, write, and erase speeds, it may result in severe performance degradation to implement a B-tree on SSD. To address these problems, several methods exploiting the buffer have been proposed so far. However, they have faced with the recovery problem because all index data in the buffer are lost when a sudden power-off occurs. In this paper, we introduce a method called RMSS (recovery management scheme on SSD) that supports an efficient recovery mechanism when a B-tree is built on SSD. Since RMSS flushes all index data and creates a checkpoint whenever updating the root node, it can stably restore the index structure into up-to-date and consistent state. Consequently, RMSS efficiently implements a B-tree on SSD by using a buffer, and also recovers the original B-tree when a power failure occurs. We show the performance of RMSS on SSD through various experiments.
The syndrome of T8 hyperlymphocytosis: variation in phenotype and cytotoxic activities of granular cells and evaluation of their role in associated neutropenia (1987)

We performed a longitudinal study of the phenotype and functions of granular lymphoid cells from seven patients with T8 hyperlymphocytosis and neutropenia. Whereas cells retained a T3+ T8+ (six cases) or T3- T8+ (one case) phenotype at different examinations, the expression of natural killer (NK)-related antigens (HNK1- and Leu11-defined antigens) exhibited striking variations, some of which were also observed after in vitro culture. Similarly, natural or antibody-mediated cytotoxic activities fluctuated in vivo and in vitro. Cells from the patient with T3- T8+ proliferation were able to inhibit directly the growth of early CFU-GM, CFU-E, and BFU-E and to a lesser extent of late CFU-GM, as shown by cultures of autologous blood or marrow progenitors after depletion (and subsequent addition) of granular cells. In the other six patients with T3+ T8+ cells, no such effect was found. However, after a 24-hour incubation of the progenitors with the granular cells, CFU-GM growth was clearly inhibited; this was not observed in all experiments, a finding which may be related to the spontaneous variations of cell killer functions. Finally, no correlation was noted between the clinical course or extent of lymphoid proliferation and cell function or phenotype or with the monoclonal (two cases), polyclonal (three cases) or germ-line (one case) patterns of T cell receptor beta gene configuration.
The possibility of radiotherapy as downstaging to living donor liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus (2017)

Choi, Jin Y. M.D.; Yu, Jeong I. M.D.; Park, Hee C. M.D.; David Kwon, C. H. M.D., Ph.D.; Kim, Jong M. M.D., Ph.D.; Joh, Jae‐Won M.D., Ph.D.; Choi, Gyu‐Seong M.D.; Park, Jae B. M.D., Ph.D.; Kim, Sung J. M.D., Ph.D.; Lee, Seung H. M.D.; Cho, Won‐Tae M.D.; Lee, Kyo W. M.D.; Na, Byeong‐Gon M.D.; Oh, Dong Kyu M.D.; Lee, Nuri M.D.; Cho, Chan W. M.D.; Lee, Sanghoon M.D.; Lee, Suk‐Koo M.D., Ph.D. Author Information
A Novel Pyroelectric Method of Determining Ultrasonic Transducer Output Power: Device Concept, Modeling, and Preliminary Studies (2007)

This paper describes a new thermally based method of monitoring acoustic output power generated by ultrasonic transducers. Its novelty lies in the exploitation of the pyroelectric properties of a thin membrane of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). The membrane is backed by a thick layer of polyurethane rubber that is extremely attenuating to ultrasound, with the result that the majority of the applied acoustic power is absorbed within a few millimeters of the membrane-backing interface. Through the resultant rapid increase in temperature of the membrane, a voltage is generated across its electrodes whose magnitude is proportional to the rate of change of temperature with respect to time. Changes in the pyroelectric voltage generated by switching the transducer ON and OFF are related to the acoustic power delivered by the transducer. Features of the technique are explored through the development of a simple one-dimensional model. An experimental evaluation of the potential secondary measurement technique is also presented, covering the frequency range 1 to 5 MHz, for delivered powers up to a watt. Predictions of the sensor output signals, as well as the frequency dependent sensitivity, are in good agreement with observation. The potential of the new method as a simple, rapid means of providing traceable ultrasonic power measurements is outlined.
Intergranular Exchange Coupling in FePt:X:FePt (${\rm X}={\rm B}$, C, ${\rm SiO}_{\rm x}$, Cr and ${\rm TaO}_{\rm x}$) Thin Films for Heat Assisted Magnetic Recording (2012)

In this study we quantitatively determined the exchange coupling across B, C, SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> , Cr and TaO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> segregants by measuring the exchange coupling between two FePt layers separated by segregant layers of varying thickness. Our study indicates that the segregant that provides the best exchange break is TaO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> ; whereas, C is the worst and SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> , Cr and B are in between. Our data indicates that a segregant intergranular region thicker than 0.8 nm should decouple FePt grains if B, TaO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> , SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> , or Cr are used, but with C, a thickness greater than 1 nm is required.
Design of a compact 6-DOF haptic interface (2002)

In this paper we propose a new compact 6-DOF haptic interface with large workspace. It contains a newly developed five bar spatial gimbal mechanism for orientation, placed on a modified Delta parallel-link mechanism. The motion range of each axis of the five bar mechanism is over /spl plusmn/70 degrees. Quick motions can be realized easily due to the parallelism inherent to both the modified Delta substructure and the five bar substructure.
Applying Sum and Max Product Algorithms of Belief Propagation to 3D Shape Matching and Registration (2009)

3D shape matching based on meshed surfaces can be formulated as an energy function minimisation problem under a Markov random field (MRF) framework. However, to solve such a global optimisation problem is NP-hard. So research mainly focuses on approximation algorithms. One of the best known is belief propagation (BP), which has shown success in early vision and many other practical applications. In this paper, we investigate the application of both sum and max product algorithms of belief propagation to 3D shape matching. We also apply the 3D shape matching results to a 3D registration problem.
Abstract 4419: Effect of sphingosine kinase 1 inhibition in validated syngeneic mouse breast cancer metastasis model (2011)

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) is one of the two enzymes that generate sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), which promotes cancer growth, migration and angiogenesis. S1P is also known to have important roles in immune responses. Therefore, we utilized syngeneic models which better recapitulate the involvement of the host immune response to examine the role of SphK1 in breast cancer progression in vivo. The aims of this study are i) to critically evaluate syngeneic models to determine which is most appropriate for metastatic breast cancer drug development, and ii) to investigate the effect of inhibition of SphK1 on cancer progression using that model. METHODS: One of the major challenges in preclinical cancer research is the identification of animal models that adequately mimic the human disease. Three commonly used syngeneic (implantation of 4T1-luc2 luciferase-tagged murine breast cancer cells into immune-competent mice) models were compared: cells implanted subcutaneously (Sq); cells implanted Orthotopically under direct vision with Surgery (OS); cells implanted Orthotopically with Percutaneous injection blindly into the area under a nipple (OP). Bioluminescence was used for macroscopic analysis, together with pathological analysis, and genome-wide microarrays for gene expression profiling, with confirmation by qPCR. An isozyme-specific inhibitor of SphK1 (SK1-I) was administered intraperitoneally. Tumor burden were quantified using an in vivo imaging system (IVIS 200). RESULTS: Orthotopic implantation under direct vision with Surgery produced significantly more consistent tumors with less variability, more rapid cancer progression and metastasis, faster mortality, and more relevant clinical endpoints than OP or Sq models. There were significant differences between the genetic profiles of the tumors from OS compared to Sq tumors. Three fourth of the differentially expressed genes between OS and Sq are relevant to cancer biology. Using this OS model, we found that SK1-I treatment decreased tumor burden significantly. CONCLUSIONS: Use of the OS model, in place of more commonly used Sq model, may improve the efficiency of cancer drug development. Our results support the notion that SphK1 play a critical role in breast cancer progression and suggest that SK1-I is a promising candidate for breast cancer targeted therapy. This work was supported by Sumitomo Life Social Welfare Services Foundation grant to MN, NIH (K12HD055881) and Susan G. Komen for the Cure (KG090510) to KT, and NCI (R01CA61774) to SS. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4419. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4419
Osteoblasts Provide a Suitable Microenvironment for the Action of Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-κB Ligand (2006)

Deficiency of osteoprotegerin (OPG), a soluble decoy receptor for receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL), in mice induces osteoporosis caused by enhanced bone resorption. Serum concentrations of RANKL are extremely high in OPG-deficient (OPG(-/-)) mice, suggesting that circulating RANKL is involved in osteoclastogenesis. RANKL(-/-) mice exhibit osteopetrosis, with the absence of osteoclasts. We examined the requirements for osteoclastogenesis using OPG(-/-) mice, RANKL(-/-) mice, and a system involving bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2)-induced ectopic bone formation. When collagen disks containing BMP-2 (BMP-2-disks) or vehicle were implanted into OPG(-/-) mice, osteoclast-like cells (OCLs) and alkaline phosphatase-positive OCLs appeared in BMP-2-disks but not the control disks. F4/80-positive osteoclast precursors were similarly distributed in both BMP-2- and control disks. Cells expressing RANKL were detected in the BMP-2-disks, and the addition of OPG to the disk inhibited OCL formation. Muscle cells in culture differentiated into alkaline phosphatase-positive cells in the presence of BMP-2 and accordingly expressed RANKL mRNA in response to PTH. This suggests that RANKL expressed by osteoblasts is a requirement for osteoclastogenesis. We then examined how osteoblasts are involved in osteoclastogenesis other than RANKL expression, using RANKL(-/-) mice. BMP-2- and control disks were implanted into RANKL(-/-) mice, which were injected with RANKL for 7 d. Many OCLs were observed in the BMP-2-disks and bone tissues but not the control disks. These results suggest that osteoblasts also play important roles in osteoclastogenesis through offering the critical microenvironment for the action of RANKL.
<title>Improved HgCdTe detectors with novel antireflection coating</title> (1996)

The composite infrared spctrometer (CIRS) is an important instrument for the upcoming Cassini mission for sensing infrared (IR) radiation from the Saturanian planetary system. We have delivered a linear, ten element, mercury cadmium telluride (HgCdTe) photoconductive detector array for use on focal plane 3 (FP3), which is responsible for detecting radiation from the 9.1 micrometer to 16.6 micrometer wavelength range. Reliable HgCdTe detectors require robust passivation, a low-stress zinc sulfide (ZnS) anti-reflection (AR) coating with good adhesion, and a proper optical cavity design to smooth out the resonance in the detector spectral response. During the development of CIRS flight array, we have demonstrated the potential of using an in-situ interfacial layer, such as SiN<SUB>x</SUB>, between ZnS and the anodic oxide. Such an interfacial layer drastically improves the adhesion between the ZnS and oxide, without degrading the minority carrier lifetime. We have also demonstrated the feasibility of applying a SiN<SUB>x</SUB> 'rain coat' layer over the ZnS to prevent moisture and other chemicals from attacking the AR coating, thus improving the long term reliability. This also enables device operation in a hazardous environment. The alumina/epoxy/HgCdTe/oxide/ZnS structure is a complicated multi-cavity optical system. We have developed an extensive device simulation, which enables us to make the optimal choice of individual cavity thickness for minimizing the resonance and maximizing the quantum efficiency. We have also used 0.05 micrometer alumina powder loaded epoxy to minimize the reflections at the epoxy/HgCdTe interface, thus minimizing the resonance.
Effect of GaN buffer thickness on the electrical properties of RF-MBE grown AlGaN/GaN HEMTs on free-standing GaN substrates (2009)

In this work we investigated the effect of varying the thickness of the UID GaN buffer, d <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">UID</sub> , on the electrical properties of AlGaN/GaN heterostructures and HEMTs. Seven heterostructures with 50 nm < d <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">UID</sub> < 500 nm were grown by RF-MBE on free-standing, semi-insulating HVPE-grown GaN substrates. Hall patterns, isolation test patterns, and HEMTs have been fabricated on these structures. We find that when d <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">UID</sub> < 200 nm, a wide range of electrical properties, including Hall mobility, sheet resistance, gate leakage, interdevice isolation, and output conductance degrade as the UID GaN buffer thickness is decreased.
Base-catalyzed epimerization behavior and unusual reactivity of N-substituted derivatives of 2,5-dicarbalkoxypyrrolidine. Preparation of a novel mixed carbamic carbonic anhydride by a 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine-catalyzed acylation (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBase-catalyzed epimerization behavior and unusual reactivity of N-substituted derivatives of 2,5-dicarbalkoxypyrrolidine. Preparation of a novel mixed carbamic carbonic anhydride by a 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine-catalyzed acylationDaniel S. Kemp and Timothy P. CurranCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 24, 5729–5731Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00259a023https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00259a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views965Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts