gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differential accumulation of PAHs, elements, and Pb isotopes by five lichen species from the Athabasca Oil Sands Region in Alberta, Canada (2017)

A 2014 case study investigated the relative accumulation efficiency of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), total sulfur (S), total nitrogen (N), major and minor elements and Pb isotopes in five common lichen species at three boreal forest sites in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region (AOSR) in northeastern Alberta, Canada to identify the optimum lichen species for future biomonitoring. Differences in concentrations of PAHs, multiple elements, and Pb isotopes in fruticose (Bryoria furcellata, Cladina mitis, Evernia mesomorpha) and foliose (Hypogymnia physodes and Tuckermannopsis americana) lichens were found along a 100 km distance gradient from the primary oil sands operations. Integration of insights from emission source samples and oil sands mineralogy in consort with aerosol collection indicates incorporation of more fine particulate matter (PM) into foliose than fruticose lichen biomass. Contrasting PAH with element concentrations allowed lichen species specific accumulation patterns to be identified. The ability of lichen species to incorporate different amounts of gas phase (S and N), petrogenic (V, Ni, Mo), clay (low Si/Al and more rare earth elements), and sand (higher Si/Al and Ti) components from the oil sand operations reflects aerosol particle size and lichen physiology differences that translate into differences in PM transport distances and lichen accumulation efficiencies. Based on these findings Hypogymnia physodes is recommended for future PAH biomonitoring and source attribution studies.
Leading a Large‐Scale Distributed Social Enterprise (2017)

Distributed social enterprises with national or international footprints face unique management challenges. To cast a lens on these challenges, we analyze the case of the US ‐based social enterprise Goodwill Industries, a century‐old, hybrid nonprofit organization with annual business‐related revenue of more than $5.5 billion. The economic benefits that accrue from this business are used to support a social mission that has continued to evolve for more than 100 years. We explore how Goodwill is organized and how its management works to continually balance economic and social objectives to facilitate long‐term success.
Thiol−Isocyanate−Ene Ternary Networks by Sequential and Simultaneous Thiol Click Reactions (2010)

Thiol−isocyanate−ene ternary networks with systematic variations (100/100/0, 100/80/20, 100/60/40, 100/40/60, 100/20/80, and 100/0/100) were prepared by sequential and simultaneous thiol−ene and thiol−isocyanate click reactions. The thiol−isocyanate coupling reaction was triggered thermally or photolytically to control the sequence with the thiol−ene photopolymerization. Triethyl amine (TEA) and 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenyl acetophenone (DMPA) were used for the sequential thermally induced thiol−isocyanate coupling and photochemically initiated thiol−ene reaction, respectively. A thermally stable photolatent base catalyst (tributylamine·tetraphenylborate salt, TBA·HBPh4) capable of in situ generation of tributylamine by UV light was used with isopropylthioxanthone (ITX) for the simultaneous thiol−isocyanate/thiol−ene curing systems. The kinetics of the hybrid networks investigated using real-time IR indicate that both thiol−isocyanate and thiol−ene reactions were quantitatively rapid and efficient (>90% of conversion in a matter of minutes and seconds, respectively). The Tg of the thiourethane/thiol−ene hybrid networks progressively increases (−5 to 35 °C by DSC) as a function of the thiourethane content due to the higher extent of hydrogen bonding, also resulting in enhanced mechanical properties. Highly uniform and dense network structures exhibiting narrow full width at half-maximum (∼10 °C) were obtained for both the sequential and the simultaneous thiol click reactions, resulting in identical thermal properties that are independent of the sequence of the curing processes.
Osmotic stress activates Rac and Cdc42 in neutrophils: role in hypertonicity-induced actin polymerization (2002)

Hypertonicity inhibits a variety of neutrophil functions through poorly defined mechanisms. Our earlier studies suggest that osmotically induced actin polymerization and cytoskeleton remodeling is a key component in the hypertonic block of exocytosis and cell movement. To gain insight into the signaling mechanisms underlying the hyperosmotic F-actin response, we investigated whether hypertonicity stimulates Rac and Cdc42 and, if so, whether their activation contributes to the hypertonic rise in F-actin. Using a recently developed pull-down assay that specifically captures the active forms of these small GTPases, we found that hypertonicity caused an ~2.5- and ~7.2-fold activation of Rac and Cdc42, respectively. This response was rapid and sustained. Small GTPase activation was not mediated by the osmotic stimulation of Src kinases, heterotrimeric G proteins, or phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Interestingly, an increase in intracellular ionic strength was sufficient to activate Rac even in the absence of cell shrinkage. Inhibition of Rac and Cdc42 by Clostridium difficile toxin B substantially reduced but did not abolish the hypertonicity-induced F-actin response. Thus hypertonicity is a potent activator of Rac and Cdc42, and this effect seems to play an important but not exclusive role in the hyperosmolarity-triggered cytoskeleton remodeling.
The development of an acoustic probe to measure the thickness of ferro-manganese crusts (2010)

This paper describes the development of an acoustic probe designed to perform in-situ measurements of ferro-manganese crust thickness at depths of up to 3000 m. It is planned that this device will operate at low altitudes off the seafloor, mounted onboard an underwater vehicle, and continuously map the crust thickness of regions extending over several kilometres. A prototype probe has been developed together with an algorithm that automatically detects the reflections from the top and bottom surfaces of a layer of crust and measures its thickness. The performance of the system is demonstrated through a series of laboratory experiments carried out using crust samples obtained during the NT09-02 Leg 2 of the R/V Natsushima. First, the ability of the system to measure crust thickness at various ranges to the target is assessed. Next, the effects of pressure are investigated in an experiment where the thicknesses of several crust samples are measured at pressures between 0.1 and 30MPa. Finally, the sub-bottom profiles of a number of crust samples, with and without substrates attached are measured.
Analysis of Advances in Engineering Education Publications (2007-2020) to Examine Impact and Coverage of Topics (2022)

In this paper we present findings from analyses of articles published in Advances in Engineering Education (AEE) during the first 14 years (2007-2020) of its publication under the tenure of its founding editor. Our goal in this paper is two-fold: (1) to understand the impact of papers published in the journal as measured by citations, and (2) to understand the coverage of topics over time. To understand the impact and coverage of topics we qualitatively analyzed abstracts of all the articles published in the journal (N=242) and also used data mining techniques (text network mapping). In terms of impact, the topics that have been cited the most include curriculum development, use of technology for teaching and learning, teaching and learning strategies, and program development. We found that in keeping with the mission of the journal, papers largely reported evidence-driven program or curriculum development outcomes and papers published as part of special issues had the most impact as measured by citations.
Photochemical Apparatus Organization in Anacystis nidulans (Cyanophyceae) (1984)

Anacystis nidulans cells grown under high (3%) CO(2) partial pressure have greater phycocyanin to chlorophyll ratio (Phc/Chl) relative to cells grown under low (0.2%) CO(2) tension (Eley (1971) Plant Cell Physiol 12: 311-316). Absorbance difference spectrophotometry of A. nidulans thylakoid membranes in the ultraviolet (DeltaA(320)) and red (DeltaA(700)) regions of the spectrum reveal photosystem II/photosystem I (PSII/PSI) reaction center ratio (RCII/RCI) changes that parallel those of Phc/Chl. For cells growing under 3% CO(2), the Phc/Chl ratio was 0.48 and RCII/RCI = 0.40. At 0.2% CO(2), Phc/Chl = 0.38 and RCII/RCI = 0.24. Excitation of intact cells at 620 nm sensitized RCII at a rate approximately 20 times faster than that of RCI, suggesting that Phc excitation is delivered to RCII only. In the presence of DCMU, excitation at 620 nm induced single exponential RCII photoconversion kinetics, suggesting a one-to-one structural-functional correspondance between phycobilisome and PSII complex in the thylakoid membrane. Therefore, phycobilisomes may serve as microscopic markers for the presence of PSII in the photosynthetic membrane of A. nidulans. Neither the size of individual phycobilisomes nor the Chl light-harvesting antenna of PSI changed under the two different CO(2) tensions during cell growth. Our results are compatible with the hypothesis that, at low CO(2) concentrations, the greater relative amounts of PSI present may facilitate greater rates of ATP synthesis via cyclic electron flow. The additional ATP may be required for the active uptake of CO(2) under such conditions.
[Gastroenteritis caused by verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157. Presentation of 2 cases]. (1992)

Verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli strains have been associated with acute hemorrhagic colitis since 1982. We have systematically investigated this pathogen in our laboratory, in all stool samples submitted for culture during a fourteen month period, by using MacConkey sorbitol agar to isolate non sorbitol fermenting Escherichia coli strains. Coated latex particles with an antiserum against Escherichia coli O157 were used to detect O157 serogroup Escherichia coli. A completed serological study and verotoxin assay was performed in all positive strains. We have found two non-related cases of verotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection in two children. In one case, the main clinical picture was an acute hemorrhagic colitis and the other one was a diarrhea without presence of blood, with fever and vomiting. Both cases improved without antimicrobial treatment. No systemic complications appeared in any of the cases during the infection. The infection incidence was 0.07% of all positive stool cultures. The few documented cases of this infection in our country should encourage to investigate this pathogen in order to know its real incidence in our environment.
Measuring the effects of structural turnout suits on firefighter range of motion and comfort (2016)

Range of motion (ROM) can be restricted by wearing stiff and bulky clothing. This is particularly true of firefighter suits that are constructed using fabric layers to provide thermal protection from fire. This study developed an evaluation technique to quantify the loss of mobility associated with wearing firefighters' protective suits that were deliberately selected to represent similar ergonomic design features. The ROM of 10 firefighters was measured using electro-goniometers attached to their bodies while they wore uniforms and a reference outfit, and performed specific movements. The most restrictive uniform is the Bulky suit that contained additional layers of materials in sleeves and on the knees. The Traditional Suit was more ROM restrictive than Ergonomic. The subjective evaluation of suits supported the objective assessments provided by the electro-goniometers. A 3-D body scanning technique was employed to establish a correlation between the bulkiness of firefighter outfits and subject ROM. Practitioner Summary: This study presents a methodology for measurements of range of motion (ROM) in firefighters wearing personal protective equipment (PPE). Even small differences in designs of PPE may impact firefighters' ROM, which can be detected by electro-goniometers providing measurements if they are attached along the joint to measure limb angular movement.
Antioxidant Activity of Oregano, Parsley, and Olive Mill Wastewaters in Bulk Oils and Oil-in-Water Emulsions Enriched in Fish Oil (2008)

The antioxidant activity of oregano, parsley, olive mill wastewaters (OMWW), Trolox, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) was evaluated in bulk oils and oil-in-water (o/w) emulsions enriched with 5% tuna oil by monitoring the formation of hydroperoxides, hexanal, and t-t-2,4-heptadienal in samples stored at 37 degrees C for 14 days. In bulk oil, the order of antioxidant activity was, in decreasing order (p < 0.05), OMWW > oregano > parsley > EDTA > Trolox. The antioxidant activity in o/w emulsion followed the same order except that EDTA was as efficient an antioxidant as OMWW. In addition, the total phenolic content, the radical scavenging properties, the reducing capacity, and the iron chelating activity of OMWW, parsley, and oregano extracts were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteau, oxygen radical absorbance capacity, ferric reducing antioxidant power, and iron(II) chelating activity assays, respectively. The antioxidant activity of OMWW, parsley, and oregano in food systems was related to their total phenolic content and radical scavenging capacity but not to their ability to chelate iron in vitro. OMWW was identified as a promising source of antioxidants to retard lipid oxidation in fish oil-enriched food products.
Structural phase diagram and pyroelectric properties of free-standing ferroelectric/non-ferroelectric multilayer heterostructures (2015)

Ginzburg-Landau-Devonshire models are used to explore ferroelectric phases and pyroelectric coefficients of symmetric free-standing, thin-film trilayer heterostructures composed of a ferroelectric and two identical non-ferroelectric layers. Using BaTiO3 as a model ferroelectric, we explore the influence of temperature, in-plane misfit strain, and the non-ferroelectric layer (including effects of elastic compliance and volume fraction) on the phase evolution in the ferroelectric. The resulting phase diagram reveals six stable phases, two of which are not observed for thin films on semi-infinite cubic substrates. From there, we focus on heterostructures with non-ferroelectric layers of commonly available scandate materials which are widely used as substrates for epitaxial growth. Again, six phases with volatile phase boundaries are found in the phase diagram for the NdScO3/BaTiO3/NdScO3 trilayerheterostructures. The evolution of polarization and pyroelectric coefficients in the free-standing NdScO3 trilayer heterostructures is discussed with particular attention to the role that heterostructure design plays in influencing the phase evolution and temperature-dependence with a goal of creating enhanced pyroelectric response and advantages over traditional thin-film heterostructures.
An X‐FEM and level set computational approach for image‐based modelling: Application to homogenization (2010)

Abstract The advances in material characterization by means of imaging techniques require powerful computational methods for numerical analysis. The present contribution focuses on highlighting the advantages of coupling the extended finite elements method and the level sets method, applied to solve microstructures with complex geometries. The process of obtaining the level set data starting from a digital image of a material structure and its input into an extended finite element framework is presented. The coupled method is validated using reference examples and applied to obtain homogenized properties for heterogeneous structures. Although the computational applications presented here are mainly two‐dimensional, the method is equally applicable for three‐dimensional problems. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Guest Editorial Deep Learning Models for Industry Informatics (2018)

The papers in this special issue mainly focus on deep learning models for industry informatics, addressing both original algorithmic development and new applications of deep learning.
Rocket observations of the ionosphere during the eclipse of 26 February 1979 (1984)

Electron density profiles and energetic particle fluxes were determined from two rockets launched, respectively, at the beginning and end of totality during the solar eclipse of 26 February 1979. These, and one other rocket at the same time of day on 24 February 1979, were launched from near Red Lake, Ontario. The electron density profile from 24 February shows the electron density to be normal above 110 km, to rocket apogee. Below 110 km, the electron density is enhanced, by an order of magnitude in the D region, compared with data from Wallops Island at the same solar zenith angle (63 deg). The enhancement is qualitatively explained by the large flux of field aligned energetic particles observed on the same rocket. During totality (on 26 February) the electron density above 110 km to rocket apogee is reduced by a factor of about three. Below 110 km, the electron density is much greater than observed during previous eclipses. The particle flux measured on the 26 February was an order of magnitude less than that on the 24 February but showed greater variability, particularly at the higher energies (100 keV). A feature of the particle flux is that, for the two rockets that were separated horizontally by 38 km while above the absorbing region, the variations are uncorrelated.
Trends in the US and Canadian Pathologist Workforces From 2007 to 2017 (2019)

The US pathologist workforce decreased in both absolute and population-adjusted numbers from 2007 to 2017. The current trends suggest a shortage of US pathologists.
Mold-type field-emission array fabrication by the use of fast silicon etching (2001)

The SiC sharp-emitter field-emission arrays have been produced by a transfer-mold technique. An alternate method of microwave-enhanced wet anisotropic silicon etching has been applied to the fabrication of field-emission arrays. Supporting, back side (100)-oriented, 380 μm thick silicon substrate has been etched away six times faster as compared to the thermally activated, standard KOH etching process. The alternate etching method may be successfully applied to any existing transfer-mold fabrication procedures.
Solid-state Pulsed Klystron Transmitters (2014)

Diversified Technologies, Inc. (DTI) is currently building and will deliver in early 2014 two solid-state pulsed klystron transmitters. Though not identical, the units are similar in design, and will be delivered to Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) and Daresbury Laboratory in England. DTI’s goal across these two projects is to develop a complete package which can subsequently be marketed in the high peak power laboratory transmitter market. The modulator is a pulse transformer-coupled hybrid system, including ancillary klystron components (i.e., focus coil, socket) but not the actual klystron tube. Both systems employ a relatively simple modulator, consisting of an energy storage capacitor, a high voltage series switch, a step-up pulse transformer, and a passive pulse-flattening circuit. This arrangement gives an extremely flat pulse and allows the use of a moderate value of storage capacitor. The DTI switch can open or close as commanded, so the pulse width is adjusted by the gate pulse to the system.
Semiconductor foundry, lithography, and partners (2002)

The semiconductor foundry took off in 1990 with an annual capacity of less than 0.1M 8-inch-equivalent wafers at the 2-mm node. In 2000, the annual capacity rose to more than 10M. Initially, the technology practiced at foundries was 1 to 2 generations behind that at integrated device manufacturers (IDMs). Presently, the progress in 0.13-mm manufacturing goes hand-in-hand with any of the IDMs. There is a two-order of magnitude rise in output and the progress of technology development outpaces IDMs. What are the reasons of the success? Is it possible to sustain the pace? This paper shows the quick rise of foundries in capacity, sales, and market share. It discusses the their uniqueness which gives rise to advantages in conjunction with challenges. It also shows the role foundries take with their customer partners and supplier partners, their mutual dependencies, as well as expectations. What role then does lithography play in the foundries? What are the lithographic challenges to sustain the pace of technology? The experience of technology development and transfer, at one of the major foundries, is used to illustrate the difficulties and progresses made. Looking into the future, as semiconductor manufacturing will become even more expensive and capital investment more prohibitive, we will make an attempt to suggest possible solutions.
Total Synthesis of Cyrneine A (2012)

Neuritogenic natural products: The tricyclic diterpene cyrneine A featuring a hexatrienal unit was prepared synthetically for the first time by a Heck reaction, a carbene ring expansion, and a reductive carbonylation. The structure of the natural product was assigned by X-ray crystal analysis of a synthetic sample. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Mass spectrometry of acylated sugars as trimethylsilyl ether derivatives. A way for location of long chain fatty acyl groups (1978)

The mass spectra of the trimethylsilyl ethers of the four positional isomers of methyl-O-palmitoyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside have been studied, and the structures of the principal ions assigned by the use of exact mass measurements and deuterium labelling on the aliphatic chain, the trimethylsilyl group and the glucosidic methyl group. The origin of some fragments has been elucidated by analysis of reactions of metastable ions. The mass spectra of the different isomers exhibit major differences, which depend upon the presence or absence of the aliphatic chain. These results indicate that this is a useful method for determining the position of an acyl group in a methyl glucoside. The applicability of this mass spectrometric method in structural determination of unknown acylated sugars is discussed. The structure of a corynomycoloyl-alpha-D-trehalose, isolated from Corynebacterium diphtheriae, has been determined by mass spectrometry as an application of the method. The molecular weight of this compound has been determined by field desorption mass spectrometry (cationization method), and the study of the electron impact spectrum of the trimethylsilyl derivatives clearly demonstrates that the corynomycolic acid is linked by an ester group to position 6 of the trehalose molecule.