gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Unramified representations of the universal central extension of SL2(𝔽 q ((z))) (2013)

Abstract In this paper we are interested in investigating the principal series representations of a certain rank 2 Kac–Moody group. This group (denoted by <m:math xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <m:mrow> <m:msub> <m:mover accent="true"> <m:mi> SL </m:mi> <m:mo>˜</m:mo> </m:mover> <m:mn>2</m:mn> </m:msub> <m:mrow> <m:mo>(</m:mo> <m:msub> <m:mi>𝔽</m:mi> <m:mi>q</m:mi> </m:msub> <m:mrow> <m:mo>(</m:mo> <m:mrow> <m:mo>(</m:mo> <m:mi>z</m:mi> <m:mo>)</m:mo> </m:mrow> <m:mo>)</m:mo> </m:mrow> <m:mo>)</m:mo> </m:mrow> </m:mrow> </m:math> ${\protect \widetilde{{\rm SL}}_2(\mathbb {F}_q((z)))}$ ) is introduced as a central extension by <m:math xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <m:msubsup> <m:mi>𝔽</m:mi> <m:mi>q</m:mi> <m:mo>*</m:mo> </m:msubsup> </m:math> ${\mathbb {F}_q^*}$ of the group of two-by-two unimodular matrices over the non-archimedean local field, <m:math xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <m:mrow> <m:msub> <m:mi>𝔽</m:mi> <m:mi>q</m:mi> </m:msub> <m:mrow> <m:mo>(</m:mo> <m:mrow> <m:mo>(</m:mo> <m:mi>z</m:mi> <m:mo>)</m:mo> </m:mrow> <m:mo>)</m:mo> </m:mrow> </m:mrow> </m:math> ${\mathbb {F}_q((z))}$ . We begin by determining a formula for a cocycle that defines this central extension. This is used to classify all irreducible representations of the centrally extended torus inside <m:math xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <m:mrow> <m:msub> <m:mover accent="true"> <m:mi> SL </m:mi> <m:mo>˜</m:mo> </m:mover> <m:mn>2</m:mn> </m:msub> <m:mrow> <m:mo>(</m:mo> <m:msub> <m:mi>𝔽</m:mi> <m:mi>q</m:mi> </m:msub> <m:mrow> <m:mo>(</m:mo> <m:mrow> <m:mo>(</m:mo> <m:mi>z</m:mi> <m:mo>)</m:mo> </m:mrow> <m:mo>)</m:mo> </m:mrow> <m:mo>)</m:mo> </m:mrow> </m:mrow> </m:math> ${\protect \widetilde{{\rm SL}}_2(\mathbb {F}_q((z)))}$ and, as a consequence of this classification, we are able to determine the irreducible unramified principal series representations of <m:math xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <m:mrow> <m:msub> <m:mover accent="true"> <m:mi> SL </m:mi> <m:mo>˜</m:mo> </m:mover> <m:mn>2</m:mn> </m:msub> <m:mrow> <m:mo>(</m:mo> <m:msub> <m:mi>𝔽</m:mi> <m:mi>q</m:mi> </m:msub> <m:mrow> <m:mo>(</m:mo> <m:mrow> <m:mo>(</m:mo> <m:mi>z</m:mi> <m:mo>)</m:mo> </m:mrow> <m:mo>)</m:mo> </m:mrow> <m:mo>)</m:mo> </m:mrow> </m:mrow> </m:math> ${\protect \widetilde{{\rm SL}}_2(\mathbb {F}_q((z)))}$ .
Quantization of 2D Hole Gas in Conductive Hydrogenated Diamond Surfaces Observed by Electron Field Emission (2006)

Discrete jumps are observed in the emitted current density (J) versus extraction electric field (E) curves in electron field emission measurements from a conductive, hydrogen-terminated air-exposed diamond surface. These jumps are well reproduced by computations based on the assumption that a 2D nanoscale quantum system with discrete energy levels exists in the diamond near-surface layer. The present results confirm the formation of well-defined quantum states of holes in the 2D surface layer present on hydrogenated air-exposed diamond surfaces.
Nanoparticle Encapsidation of Flock House Virus by Auto Assembly of Tobacco Mosaic Virus Coat Protein (2014)

Tobacco Mosaic virus (TMV) coat protein is well known for its ability to self-assemble into supramolecular nanoparticles, either as protein discs or as rods originating from the ~300 bp genomic RNA origin-of-assembly (OA). We have utilized TMV self-assembly characteristics to create a novel Flock House virus (FHV) RNA nanoparticle. FHV encodes a viral polymerase supporting autonomous replication of the FHV genome, which makes it an attractive candidate for viral transgene expression studies and targeted RNA delivery into host cells. However, FHV viral genome size is strictly limited by native FHV capsid. To determine if this packaging restriction could be eliminated, FHV was adapted to express enhanced green fluorescent protein (GFP), to allow for monitoring of functional FHV RNA activity. Then TMV OA was introduced in six 3' insertion sites, with only site one supporting functional FHV GFP expression. To create nanoparticles, FHV GFP-OA modified genomic RNA was mixed in vitro with TMV coat protein and monitored for encapsidation by agarose electrophoresis and electron microscopy. The production of TMV-like rod shaped nanoparticles indicated that modified FHV RNA can be encapsidated by purified TMV coat protein by self-assembly. This is the first demonstration of replication-independent packaging of the FHV genome by protein self-assembly.
Analysis of Ageism, Sexism, and Ableism in User Comments on YouTube Videos About Climate Activist Greta Thunberg (2021)

This study content analyzed 3,300 user comments from the 11 most-viewed YouTube videos about climate activist Greta Thunberg. The analysis reveals that about 4 in 10 comments contained some form of incivility. Moreover, 40% of the uncivil comments reflected ageism, slightly more than one third sexism, and just less than one quarter ableism. The analysis suggests that uncivil comments about Thunberg on YouTube were far from deliberative in nature, ignored her positions on climate change altogether, and focused on her youth, gender, and Asperger’s syndrome.
Recommendations for Blood Pressure Measurement in Humans and Experimental Animals (2004)

In experimental animals, as in humans, techniques for measuring blood pressure (BP) have improved considerably over the past decade. In this document, we present recommendations for measuring BP in experimental animals with the goal of helping investigators select optimal methods for BP monitoring in the research laboratory. The advantages and disadvantages of various BP measurement methods are discussed and specific recommendations are provided for selecting the optimal technique depending on the study objective. Although indirect techniques that permit only sporadic measurements of BP may be suitable for some purposes, methods for directly measuring BP are generally preferred because of their ability to monitor the highly dynamic nature of BP in a comprehensive fashion. Selection of the methods to be used should ultimately be guided by the study objectives to insure that the techniques chosen are appropriate for the experimental questions being explored.
Positive biofilms to control surface-associated microbial communities in a broiler chicken production system - a field study (2022)

In the One Health concept, the use of beneficial bacteria to form positive biofilms that prevent the settlement of undesirable bacteria is a promising solution to limit the use of antimicrobials on farms. However, there is a lack of field studies reporting the onset of these beneficial bacteria after application and the effects on autochthonous surface microbiota. In the study reported here, the inner surfaces of commercial broiler chicken houses were treated or not with a bacterial consortium composed of <i>Bacillus</i> spp. and <i>Pediococcus</i> spp. strains, able to form covering biofilms in different laboratory models. Preinstalled coupons were sampled over time to capture microbial biofilm dynamics on-farm surfaces. The results showed that the bacterial consortium can establish on the farm surfaces, modulate microbial communities, and limit the implantation of Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcaceae, two families containing potential pathogens.
Optical loss analyses and energy yield modelling of perovskite/silicon multijunction solar cells (2016)

Perovskite/Si multijunction solar cells bear the exciting future potential. Two types of architecture are generally discussed: the stacking of perovskite top solar cell and Si bottom solar cell, called “4-terminal architecture”, and monolithic connection, called “2-terminal architecture”. To elucidate the superiority of one architecture, we perform optical loss analyses and energy yield modelling.
Evaluation of insulated gate bipolar transistor protection with ZnO thick films varistors (2009)

To have efficient protection of insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) against various electrical voltage overshoots, screen-printed zinc oxide (ZnO) varistors have been developed using a planar structure. These varistors exhibit a breakdown voltage higher than 600 V and a non-linear coefficient up to 40. Some samples have been tested in real operations conditions to protect 1200 V IGBT in the case of unclamped inductive switching operations (default on the freewheeling diode). The results have shown the high efficiency of the designed varistors by clamping the voltage overshoot appearing on the IGBT. Optimising of the fabrication process (mechanical pressure or not on ZnO layers, ZnO thickness, electrode and substrate nature), lead to dissipated energy density of 105 J/cm3.
N-mycControls Proliferation, Morphogenesis, and Patterning of the Inner Ear (2011)

Myc family members play crucial roles in regulating cell proliferation, size, and differentiation during organogenesis. Both N-myc and c-myc are expressed throughout inner ear development. To address their function in the mouse inner ear, we generated mice with conditional deletions in either N-myc or c-myc. Loss of c-myc in the inner ear causes no apparent defects, whereas inactivation of N-myc results in reduced growth caused by a lack of proliferation. Reciprocally, the misexpression of N-myc in the inner ear increases proliferation. Morphogenesis of the inner ear in N-myc mouse mutants is severely disturbed, including loss of the lateral canal, fusion of the cochlea with the sacculus and utriculus, and stunted outgrowth of the cochlea. Mutant cochleas are characterized by an increased number of cells exiting the cell cycle that express the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27(Kip1) and lack cyclin D1, both of which control the postmitotic state of hair cells. Analysis of different molecular markers in N-myc mutant ears reveals the development of a rudimentary organ of Corti containing hair cells and the underlying supporting cells. Differentiated cells, however, fail to form the highly ordered structure characteristic for the organ of Corti but appear as rows or clusters with an excess number of hair cells. The Kölliker's organ, a transient structure neighboring the organ of Corti and a potential source of ectopic hair cells, is absent in the mutant ears. Collectively, our data suggest that N-myc regulates growth, morphogenesis, and pattern formation during the development of the inner ear.
Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (GDNF) Receptor α-1 (GFRα1) Is Highly Selective for GDNF versus Artemin (2005)

To clarify whether glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) receptor alpha-1 (GFRalpha1), the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked coreceptor for GDNF, is also a functional coreceptor for artemin (ART), we have studied receptor binding, signaling, and neuronal survival. In cell-free binding studies, GFRalpha1-Ig displayed strong preferential binding to GDNF, though in the presence of soluble RET, weak binding to ART could also be detected. However, using GFRalpha1-transfected NB41A3 cells, ART showed no detectable competition against the binding of (125)I-labeled GDNF. Moreover, ART failed to induce phosphorylation of extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) and Akt in these cells and was >10(4)-fold less potent than GDNF in stimulating RET phosphorylation. When rat primary dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons were used, only the survival promoting activity of GDNF and not that of ART was blocked by an anti-GFRalpha1 antibody. These results indicate that although ART can interact weakly with soluble GFRalpha1 constructs under certain circumstances in vitro, in cell-based functional assays GFRalpha1 is at least 10 000-fold selective for GDNF over ART. The extremely high selectivity of GFRalpha1 for GDNF over ART and the low reactivity of ART for this receptor suggest that GFRalpha1 is not likely to be a functional coreceptor for ART in vivo.
Predicting Need for Surgical Drainage of Pericardial Effusion in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease (1989)

The best approach to treatment of pericarditis accompanied by substantial pericardial effusion in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients is unknown. In a review of our experience, we found that ESRD patients with moderate-to-large or large (circa 250 mL or larger) pericardial effusions usually failed to improve with intensive dialysis and ultimately required surgical drainage of the effusion. Multivariate analysis revealed that effusion size was by far the most important factor predicting need for surgery. Since early pericardial drainage obviates the risk of sudden tamponade, we recommend that surgery without prior intensive dialysis therapy be considered in such patients.
Execution strategies for SQL subqueries (2007)

Optimizing SQL subqueries has been an active area in database research and the database industry throughout the last decades. Previous work has already identified some approaches to efficiently execute relational subqueries. For satisfactory performance, proper choice of subquery execution strategies becomes even more essential today with the increase in decision support systems and automatically generated SQL, e.g., with ad-hoc reporting tools. This goes hand in hand with increasing query complexity and growing data volumes, which all pose challenges for an industrial-strength query optimizer.
GPS receiver architectures and measurements (1999)

Although originally developed for the military, the Global Positioning System (GPS) has proven invaluable for a multitude of civilian applications. Each application demands specific performance from the GPS receiver and the associated requirements often vary widely. This paper describes the architectures and functions of civilian GPS receivers and then focuses on performance considerations. The fundamental receiver measurements are described and the quality of these measurements are related to the aforementioned receiver architectures.
Data from Imaging of Cancer γ-Secretase Activity Using an Inhibitor-Based PET Probe (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;Abnormal Notch signaling promotes cancer cell growth and tumor progression in various cancers. Targeting γ-secretase, a pivotal regulator in the Notch pathway, has yielded numerous γ-secretase inhibitors (GSIs) for clinical investigation in the last 2 decades. However, GSIs have demonstrated minimal success in clinical trials in part due to the lack of specific and precise tools to assess γ-secretase activity and its inhibition &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;p&gt;We designed an imaging probe based on GSI Semagacestat structure and synthesized the radioiodine-labeled analogues [&lt;sup&gt;131&lt;/sup&gt;I]- or [&lt;sup&gt;124&lt;/sup&gt;I]-PN67 from corresponding trimethyl-tin precursors. Both membrane- and cell-based ligand-binding assays were performed using [&lt;sup&gt;131&lt;/sup&gt;I]-PN67 to determine the binding affinity and specificity for γ-secretase &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt;. Moreover, we evaluated [&lt;sup&gt;124&lt;/sup&gt;I]-PN67 by PET imaging in mammary tumor and glioblastoma mouse models.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;The probe was synthesized through iodo-destannylation using chloramine-T as an oxidant with a high labeling yield and efficiency. &lt;i&gt;In vitro&lt;/i&gt; binding results demonstrate the high specificity of this probe and its ability for target replacement study by clinical GSIs. PET imaging studies demonstrated a significant (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05) increased in the uptake of [&lt;sup&gt;124&lt;/sup&gt;I]-PN67 in tumors versus blocking or sham control groups across multiple mouse models, including 4T1 allograft, MMTV-PyMT breast cancer, and U87 glioblastoma allograft. &lt;i&gt;Ex vivo&lt;/i&gt; biodistribution and autoradiography corroborate these results, indicating γ-secretase specific tumor accumulation of [&lt;sup&gt;124&lt;/sup&gt;I]-PN67.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;[&lt;sup&gt;124&lt;/sup&gt;I]-PN67 is a novel PET imaging agent that enables assessment of γ-secretase activity and target engagement of clinical GSIs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Herbivore-induced volatile emission from old-growth black poplar trees under field conditions (2019)

Herbivory is well known to trigger increased emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from plants, but we know little about the responses of mature trees. We measured the volatiles emitted by leaves of old-growth black poplar (Populus nigra) trees after experimental damage by gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) caterpillars in a floodplain forest, and studied the effect of herbivory on the transcript abundance of two genes involved in the biosynthesis of VOCs, and the accumulation of defence phytohormones. Herbivory significantly increased volatile emission from the experimentally damaged foliage, but not from adjacent undamaged leaves in the damaged branches (i.e., no systemic response). Methylbutyraldoximes, 4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene (DMNT), (Z)-3-hexenol and (E)-β-ocimene, amongst other compounds, were found to be important in distinguishing the blend of herbivore-damaged vs. undamaged leaves. Herbivory also increased expression of PnTPS3 (described here for the first time) and PnCYP79D6-v4 genes at the damaged sites, these genes encode for an (E)-β-ocimene synthase and a P450 enzyme involved in aldoxime formation, respectively, demonstrating de novo biosynthesis of the volatiles produced. Herbivore-damaged leaves had significantly higher levels of jasmonic acid and its conjugate (-)-jasmonic acid-isoleucine. This study shows that mature trees in the field have a robust response to herbivory, producing induced volatiles at the damaged sites even after previous natural herbivory and under changing environmental conditions, however, further studies are needed to establish whether the observed absence of systemic responses is typical of mature poplar trees or if specific conditions are required for their induction.
Comparison of different virtual chromoendoscopy classification systems for the characterization of colorectal lesions (2020)

MS classification achieved the highest accuracy in both the exploratory and validation phases. MS can differentiate serrated and adenomatous polyps as a stand-alone classification.
Oncolytic Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Induces Immunogenic Cell Death Resulting in Maturation of BDCA-1+ Myeloid Dendritic Cells (2022)

Recently, a paradigm shift has been established for oncolytic viruses (OVs) as it was shown that the immune system plays an important role in the specific killing of tumor cells by OVs. OVs have the intrinsic capacity to provide the right signals to trigger anti-tumor immune responses, on the one hand by delivering virus-derived innate signals and on the other hand by inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD), which is accompanied by the release of various damage-associated molecules from infected tumor cells. Here, we determined the ICD-inducing capacity of Talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC), a herpes simplex virus type 1 based OV, and benchmarked this to other previously described ICD (e.g., doxorubicin) and non-ICD inducing agents (cisplatin). Furthermore, we studied the capability of T-VEC to induce the maturation of human BDCA-1<sup>+</sup> myeloid dendritic cells (myDCs). We found that T-VEC treatment exerts direct and indirect anti-tumor effects as it induces tumor cell death that coincides with the release of hallmark mediators of ICD, while simultaneously contributing to the maturation of BDCA-1<sup>+</sup> myDCs. These results unequivocally cement OVs in the category of cancer immunotherapy.
The Glenoid Labral Articular Teardrop Lesion: A Chondrolabral Injury With Distinct Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings (2017)

Level IV, therapeutic case series.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Formation of Cyclopropanols by a Chromium(II)‐Mediated Cross‐Coupling Reaction. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
4:10 Cycles of Very Low Calories Protect Against Tumor Xenografts, but Not Metastases in the Absence of Chemotherapy (2020)

Abstract Cancer is a leading cause of mortality, with its incidence only expected to rise with an increasingly aging population. Dietary interventions, primarily caloric restriction (CR), lower cellular energy metabolism and have long been utilized to slow the aging process and protect against age-related diseases, including cancer. However, due to the stringency of CR, dietary alternatives that offer the same beneficial outcomes in cancer prevention and longevity have become increasingly attractive. Periodic cycles (4 days twice a month) of low caloric intake followed by a standard ad libitum (AL) diet was previously shown to promote health-span in mice and humans and protect against primary tumorigenesis and enhanced the effects of chemotherapy. The aim of our study was to compare the tumorigenic potential of 4T1 cells, a murine model of stage IV breast cancer, in young and aged female BALB/c mice fed either periodic cycles of low caloric diets versus chronic 20% CR. Compared to AL controls, we found a significant delay in primary tumor growth in mice regardless of diet composition by the 4:10 cycles of very low caloric intake. However, unlike in CR, CR-alternative diets were not protective against lung metastases in the absence of chemotherapy. Our study sheds light into the underlying differences of calorie-based interventions in the absence of chemotherapy.
Regulation of arachidonic acid release and cytosolic Phospholipase A2 activation (1999)

The 85-kDa cytosolic PLA2 (cPLA2) mediates agonist-induced arachidonic acid release in many cell models, including mouse peritoneal macrophages. cPLA2 is regulated by an increase in intracellular calcium, which binds to an amino-terminal C2 domain and induces its translocation to the nuclear envelope and endoplasmic reticulum. Phosphorylation of cPLA2 on S505 by mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) also contributes to activation. In macrophages, zymosan induces a transient increase in intracellular calcium and activation of MAPK, which together fully activate cPLA2 and synergistically promote arachidonic acid release. There are alternative pathways for regulating cPLA2 in macrophages because PMA and okadaic acid induce arachidonic acid release without increasing calcium. The baculovirus expression system is a useful model to study cPLA2 activation. Sf9 cells expressing cPLA2 release arachidonic acid to either A23187 or okadaic acid. cPLA2 is phosphorylated on multiple sites in Sf9 cells, and phosphorylation of S727 is preferentially induced by okadaic acid. However, the phosphorylation sites are non-essential and only S505 phosphorylation partially contributes to cPLA2 activation in this model. Although okadaic acid does not increase intracellular calcium in Sf9 cells, calcium binding by the C2 domain is necessary for arachidonic acid release. A23187 and okadaic acid activate cPLA2 by different mechanisms, yet both induce translocation to the nuclear envelope in Sf9 cells. The results demonstrate that alternative regulatory pathways can lead to cPLA2 activation and arachidonic acid release.
Parallelism-centric optimization and performance study of a finance aggregation engine on modern NUMA systems (2015)

Mark-to-future aggregation is a key component of counterparty credit risk analysis in the IBM Algorithmics software. Its computation exhibits complex memory access and control flow patterns, and is hard to accelerate. The prior effort to improve performance takes a "pre-compiled" approach that aims to reduce the overhead and inefficiencies primarily through compiler techniques. While combined with other optimizations, the performance is improved by 3 to 5 times, many extra lines of code are dynamically generated. Maintenance and testing become a challenge. In our study we take a parallelism centric approach guided by hardware counter based profiling. Minimal modifications are made to the code and about 10 times speedup is achieved.