gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Three-dimensional scene encryption and display based on computer-generated holograms (2016)

An optical encryption and display method for a three-dimensional (3D) scene is proposed based on computer-generated holograms (CGHs) using a single phase-only spatial light modulator. The 3D scene is encoded as one complex Fourier CGH. The Fourier CGH is then decomposed into two phase-only CGHs with random distributions by the vector stochastic decomposition algorithm. Two CGHs are interleaved as one final phase-only CGH for optical encryption and reconstruction. The proposed method can support high-level nonlinear optical 3D scene security and complex amplitude modulation of the optical field. The exclusive phase key offers strong resistances of decryption attacks. Experimental results demonstrate the validity of the novel method.
N-[1,3-Dialkyl(aryl)-2-oxoimidazolidin-4-ylidene]-aryl(alkyl)sulphonamides as Novel Selective Human Cannabinoid Type 2 Receptor (hCB2R) Ligands; Insights into the Mechanism of Receptor Activation/Deactivation (2022)

Cannabinoid type 1 (hCB1) and type 2 (hCB2) receptors are pleiotropic and crucial targets whose signaling contributes to physiological homeostasis and its restoration after injury. Being predominantly expressed in peripheral tissues, hCB2R represents a safer therapeutic target than hCB1R, which is highly expressed in the brain, where it regulates processes related to cognition, memory, and motor control. The development of hCB2R ligands represents a therapeutic opportunity for treating diseases such as pain, inflammation and cancer. Identifying new selective scaffolds for cannabinoids and determining the structural determinants responsible for agonism and antagonism are priorities in drug design. In this work, a series of <i>N</i>-[1,3-dialkyl(aryl)-2-oxoimidazolidin-4-ylidene]-aryl(alkyl)sulfonamides is designed and synthesized and their affinity for human hCB1R and hCB2R is determined. Starting with a scaffold selected from the NIH Psychoactive Drug Screening Program Repository, through a combination of molecular modeling and structure-activity relationship studies, we were able to identify the chemical features leading to finely tuned hCB2R selectivity. In addition, an in silico model capable of predicting the functional activity of hCB2R ligands was proposed and validated. The proposed receptor activation/deactivation model enabled the identification of four pure hCB2R-selective agonists that can be used as a starting point for the development of more potent ligands.
Large‐Scale Synthesis of Ultra‐Small‐Sized Silver Nanoparticles (2012)

Large scale for small size: We report a large-scale synthetic method to produce uniform and ultra-small-sized Ag nanoparticles (see picture) with good productivity. This method is simple and efficient. It produces Ag nanoparticles within 20 min by heating a reaction mixture containing only three chemicals. The size of the nanoparticles is controlled by varying the heating rate. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Reversible acoustical transducers in MEMS technology (2013)

Silicon microphones are already common in mobile applications and offer several advantages compared to conventional systems. In this paper a possibility is examined to use microphones also as electrostatically driven loudspeakers. The potential of these devices is demonstrated and the challenges to perform as speaker are discussed.
Cell Migration and Bone Formation from Mesenchymal Stem Cell Spheroids in Alginate Hydrogels Are Regulated by Adhesive Ligand Density (2017)

The adhesion and migration of cells entrapped in engineered materials is regulated by available adhesive ligands. Although mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) spheroids injected into damaged tissues promote repair, their transplantation in biomaterials which regulate cell migration from the aggregate may further enhance their therapeutic potential. Alginate hydrogels were modified with Arginine-Glycine-Aspartic acid (RGD) at increasing concentrations, and osteogenically induced human MSC spheroids were entrapped to assess cell migration, survival, and differentiation. Cell migration was greater from MSC spheroids in alginate modified with low RGD levels, while the osteogenic potential was higher for spheroids entrapped in unmodified or high RGD density gels in vitro. Upon ectopic implantation, microCT and immunohistochemistry revealed extensive osteogenesis in unmodified and high RGD density gels compared to low RGD density gels. These data suggest that restriction of MSC migration from spheroids correlates with enhanced spheroid osteogenic potential, representing a novel tool for bone tissue engineering.
morphology and nanostructure C–S–H in white Portland cement–fly ash hydrated at 85°C (2007)

The C–S–H present in water and alkali activated hardened pastes of neat white Portland cement (WPC) and blends of WPC with 30% fly ash hydrated at 85°C has been characterised. The chemical composition of C–S–H could not be determined by SEM–EDX because of intermixing with other phases; TEM–EDX was necessary. The mean Ca/(Al–Si) atomic ratio of C–S–H was lower in the water activated blend than in the neat cement paste due to the reaction of the fly ash. The fibrillar morphology of outer product C–S–H in the water activated neat cement paste was coarser than that formed at lower temperatures. The mean length of the aluminosilicate anions in the C–S–H was much higher than in C–S–H formed at lower temperatures and was higher in the blended pastes than with neat cement. The composition–structure data are discussed in terms of models for the nanostructure of C–S–H. The lattice parameter a inferred from compositional data for the hydrogarnet phase in the water activated blend was in good agreement with the value measured directly by XRD.
Optimal Filtering of Source Address Prefixes: Models and Algorithms (2009)

How can we protect the network infrastructure from malicious traffic, such as scanning, malicious code propagation, and distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks? One mechanism for blocking malicious traffic is filtering: access control lists (ACLs) can selectively block traffic based on fields of the IP header. Filters (ACLs) are already available in the routers today but are a scarce resource because they are stored in expensive ternary content addressable memory (TCAM). In this paper, we develop, for the first time, a framework for studying filter selection as a resource allocation problem. Within this framework, we study four practical cases of source address/prefix filtering, which correspond to different attack scenarios and operator's policies. We show that filter selection optimization leads to novel variations of the multidimensional knapsack problem and we design optimal, yet computationally efficient, algorithms to solve them. We also evaluate our approach using data from Dshield.org and demonstrate that it brings significant benefits in practice. Our set of algorithms is a building block that can be immediately used by operators and manufacturers to block malicious traffic in a cost-efficient way.
Efficient gather and scatter operations on graphics processors (2007)

Gather and scatter are two fundamental data-parallel operations, where a large number of data items are read (gathered) from or are written (scattered) to given locations. In this paper, we study these two operations on graphics processing units (GPUs).
Effect of Process Temperature of Al2O3 Atomic Layer Deposition Using Accurate Process Gasses Supply System (2015)

Al 2 O 3 is one of the most expectancy high-k materials for high density on-chip metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitors as well as gate insulator for composed semiconductor power devices. In this paper, using the developed atomic layer deposition (ALD) process equipment with multiple oxidation methods and accurate process gas supply system adapted to high temperature usage, the impact of the process temperature on the electrical characteristics of Al 2 O 3 films was investigated. It was found that the substrate material must not be oxidized at the trimethylaluminum (TMA) - oxidation step of ALD. An excessive high temperature may cause decomposition of TMA, so the process temperature should be controlled sufficiently low in order to obtain one layer TMA adsorbing on the wafer. However, this tends to cause lowering oxidation ability, so it is necessary to remove carbon in the Al 2 O 3 films after the ALD. Post ALD process, such as post deposition anneal (PDA) is required.
3β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Autoantibodies Are Rare in Premature Ovarian Failure1 (2000)

Premature ovarian failure (POF) is a disorder of heterogeneous etiology, and autoimmunity has been suspected as one cause of POF. The steroidogenic enzyme, 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3betaHSD), has been characterized as a potential autoantigen in POF as well as in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (type 1 diabetes). Here we studied the presence of steroid cell antibodies (SCA), autoantibodies to 3betaHSD and to two other known autoantigens in ovarian failure, steroidogenic enzymes 17alpha-hydroxylase (P450c17), and side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc) in POF patients and patient groups with autoimmune polyendocrinopathy syndromes type 1 and 2 (APS1 and -2), isolated Addison's disease, type 1 diabetes, and healthy controls. The SCA were found in 2 of 48 POF, 11 of 15 APS1, and 1 of 9 APS2, and autoantibodies to in vitro translated 3betaHSD protein were detected in 1 POF serum associated with Addison's disease and 3 APS1 sera. All 3betaHSD precipitating sera were also positive for SCA. However, no SCA or 3betaHSD autoantibodies were found in 38 Addison's disease, 28 type 1 diabetes, and 71 healthy control sera. In analysis of autoantibodies to P450c17 and P450scc, antibodies to these enzymes were not found in POF sera, but were found in 10 and 12 APS1 patient sera, respectively, and 1 APS2 patient serum contained anti-P450c17 antibodies. Our results show that autoantibodies to 3betaHSD in POF patients are rare and are also found in patients with APS1.
<title>Laser versus conventional ignition of flames</title> (1993)

A review and comparison of initiation of combustion processes by conventional electric spark or thermal means with laser sources is presented. A description of the fundamentals of ignition processes is used as basis for interpretation of experimental and theoretical studies of laser ignition. It is shown that many features of laser and conventional ignition can be understood on the basis of simple thermal concepts, particularly when the effects of thermal or radical losses are considered. It is proposed that the main advantages of laser sources is likely to be in the timing and placement of ignition rather than the inherent energy requirements. Potential applications to combustion systems of practical importance, e.g. high-speed propulsion systems, are discussed and instructive laboratory-scale experiments are suggested.
Ultrasonography of the ovaries in the sow: a helpful tool to determine the time of insemination. (2009)

During the last decades, the use of ultrasound as a fast and accurate tool for pregnancy diagnosis in sows has increased. Ultrasonography has also shown to be an appropriate method to visualize the ovaries of gilts and sows to either determine the time of ovulation or to diagnose ovarian dysfunctions. By monitoring the ovaries before the first insemination in gilts, or after weaning in sows, it is possible to estimate the time of ovulation and subsequently to determine the optimal time of insemination. Therefore ultrasound testing can be a helpful tool in herds suffering from reproductive failure due to insufficient estrous detection and subsequently an incorrect insemination time. Ultrasonography can also be used for diagnosing ovarian abnormalities, such as ovarian cysts and inactive ovaries. In this way, it can be helpful in the decision to cull sows that are not suitable for breeding purposes. Ultrasound testing of the ovaries may therefore be advised as a tool to solve and prevent fertility problems in specific pig herds.
Diode laser measurements of concentration and temperature in microgravity combustion (1999)

Diode laser absorption spectroscopy provides a direct method of determinating species concentration and local gas temperature in combustion flames. Under microgravity conditions, diode lasers are particularly suitable, given their compact size, low mass and low power requirements. The development of diode laser-based sensors for gas detection in microgravity is presented, detailing measurements of molecular oxygen. Current progress of this work and future application possibilities for these methods on the International Space Station are discussed.
SRN1 mechanism in heteroaromatic nucleophilic substitution. Reactions involving halogenated pyrimidines, pyridazines, and pyrazines (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSRN1 mechanism in heteroaromatic nucleophilic substitution. Reactions involving halogenated pyrimidines, pyridazines, and pyrazinesDavid R. Carver, Andrew P. Komin, James S. Hubbard, and James F. WolfeCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 2, 294–299Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00315a013https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00315a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1860Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ANALYSIS OF BrF$sub 3$, BrF$sub 5$ AND UF$sub 6$ UTILIZING HIGH RESOLUTION NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTRA (1955)

It was found feasible to analyze mixtures of BrF/sub 3/, BrF/sub 5/, and UF/sub 6/ in the concentration ranges studied by nuclear magnetic resonance techniques without the necessity of handling materials outside of their Teflon containers. The method outlined in detail was found to be rapid, sensitive, and accurate. (J.E.D.)
Data from A Genetic Screen to Identify Gain- and Loss-of-Function Modifications that Enhance T-cell Infiltration into Tumors (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;T-cell–mediated cancer immunotherapies, including anti–PD-1 and T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CAR-T cells), are becoming standard treatments for many cancer types. CAR-T therapy, in particular, has been successful in treating circulating, but not solid, tumors. One challenge limiting immunotherapy success is that tumors lacking T-cell infiltration do not respond to treatment. Therefore, one potential strategy to overcome resistance is to enhance the ability of T cells to traffic into tumors. Here, we describe an unbiased &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; genetic screen approach utilizing the &lt;i&gt;Sleeping Beauty&lt;/i&gt; mutagenesis system to identify candidate genes in T cells that might be modified to drive intratumoral T-cell accumulation. This screen identified over 400 candidate genes in three tumor models. These results indicated substantial variation in gene candidate selection, depending on the tumor model and whether or not mice were treated with anti–PD-1, yet some candidate genes were identified in all tumor models and with anti–PD-1 therapy. Inhibition of the most frequently mutated gene, &lt;i&gt;Aak1&lt;/i&gt;, affected chemokine receptor expression and enhanced T-cell trafficking &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;. Screen candidates should be further validated as therapeutic targets, with particular relevance to enhancing infiltration of adoptively transferred T cells into solid tumors.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
High Prevalence of Growth Hormone Deficiency in Severe Fibromyalgia Syndromes (2010)

FM patients show a high prevalence of GH axis dysfunction. A significant number of patients show biochemical patterns of GH deficiency as well as some degree of GH resistance and might be potential candidates for substitution treatment.
Density Functional Study on the Regioselectivity of Nucleophilic Attack in 1,3-Disubstituted (Diphosphino)(η3-allyl)palladium Cations (1999)

A density functional study has been performed to analyze the influence of electronic effects on the regioselectivity of the Tsuji−Trost reaction. Optimized geometries of model (diphosphino)(η3-allyl)palladium cations 6 and 7 show that for unsymmetrical allyl ligands the shortest Pd−C(terminal) bond is the one closest to the most electron-withdrawing group. The calculated energy barriers for the attack of an ammonia molecule at each one of the terminal allyl carbon atoms of 7b−d predict that nucleophilic attack would take place preferentially on the carbon atom remote from the most electron-withdrawing group, in excellent agreement with experimental observations on allylic precursors of cations 4.
User Experience of a Chatbot Questionnaire Versus a Regular Computer Questionnaire: Prospective Comparative Study (2020)

Patients preferred the chatbot questionnaire over the computer questionnaire. Time to completion of both questionnaires did not differ, though the chatbot questionnaire on a tablet felt more rapid compared to the computer questionnaire. This is an important finding because it could lead to higher response rates and to qualitatively better responses in future questionnaires.
Air electrode material for high temperature electrochemical cells (2023)

Disclosed is a solid solution with a perovskite-like crystal structure having the general formula La.sub.1-x-w (M.sub.L).sub.x (Ce).sub.w (M.sub.S1).sub.1-y (M.sub.S2).sub.y O.sub.3 where M.sub.L is Ca, Sr, Ba, or mixtures thereof, M.sub.S1 is Mn, Cr, or mixtures thereof and M.sub.S2 is Ni, Fe, Co, Ti, Al, In, Sn, Mg, Y, Nb, Ta, or mixtures thereof, w is about 0.05 to about 0.25, x+w is about 0.1 to about 0.7, and y is 0 to about 0.5. In the formula, M.sub.L is preferably Ca, w is preferably 0.1 to 0.2, x+w is preferably 0.4 to 0.7, and y is preferably 0. The solid solution can be used in an electrochemical cell where it more closely matches the thermal expansion characteristics of the support tube and electrolyte of the cell.
A New Algorithm for Simultaneous Gate Sizing and Threshold Voltage Assignment (2010)

Gate sizing and threshold voltage (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> ) assignment are popular techniques for circuit timing and power optimization. Existing methods, by and large, are either sensitivity-driven heuristics or based on discretizing continuous optimization solutions. Sensitivity-driven heuristics are easily trapped in local optima and the discretization may be subject to remarkable errors. In this paper, we propose a systematic combinatorial approach for simultaneous gate sizing and V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> assignment. The core idea of this approach is joint relaxation and restriction, which employs consistency relaxation and coupled bi-directional solution search. The process of joint relaxation and restriction is conducted iteratively to systematically improve solutions. Our algorithm is compared with a state-of-the-art previous work on benchmark circuits. The results from our algorithm can lead to about 22% less power dissipation subject to the same timing constraints.
Clustered MicroRNAs of the Epstein-Barr Virus Cooperatively Downregulate an Epithelial Cell-Specific Metastasis Suppressor (2014)

EBV-related epithelial cancers, such as nasopharyngeal carcinomas and EBV-positive gastric cancers, encompass more than 80% of EBV-related malignancies. Although it is known that they express high levels of virally encoded BART miRNAs, how these miRNAs contribute to EBV-mediated epithelial carcinogenesis remains unknown. Although a number of screenings have been performed to identify targets of viral miRNAs, many targets likely have not been identified, especially in case of epithelial cell infection. This is the first study to use EBV genetics to perform unbiased screens of cellular genes that are differentially expressed in viral miRNA-positive and -negative epithelial cells. The result indicates that multiple EBV-encoded miRNAs cooperatively downregulate NDRG1, an epithelial differentiation marker and suppressor of metastasis. The experimental system described in this study should be useful for further clarifying the mechanism of EBV-mediated epithelial carcinogenesis.
Nosocomial Respiratory Infections in a Rural Zambian Hospital (2021)

The burden of nosocomial respiratory infections in rural southern Africa is poorly understood. We established a surveillance program at a rural Zambian hospital to detect influenza-like illness (ILI) and respiratory infections among hospitalized patients and a cohort of healthcare workers (HCWs). Nasopharyngeal specimens from symptomatic patients and HCWs underwent broadly multiplexed molecular testing to detect viruses and atypical bacteria. During 1 year of surveillance, 15 patients (1.7% of admissions) developed ILI more than 48 hours after admission. Among 44 HCWs, 19 (43%) experienced at least one ILI episode, with a total of 31 ILI episodes detected. Respiratory viruses were detected in 45% of patient and 55% of HCW specimens. The cumulative incidence of influenza infection among HCWs over 1 year was 9%. Overall, respiratory viruses were commonly found among patients and HCWs in a rural Zambian hospital with limited infection control infrastructure.
Band Programs in Minnesota (1953)

spring programs did not contain a sufficient variety of music in its various types, forms, and styles to support claims of high musical values customarily attributed to school bands. Even characteristic or traditional band music of the kind such organizations have been playing for more than fifty years (marches, operatic excerpts, musical comedy selections, cornet solos and the like) could in the future come in for a greater share of playing time. The well-known concert overture seems