gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
RESEARCH ARTICLE EFFECT OF PH ON MELANOIDIN EXTRACTION FROM POST METHANATED DISTILLERY EFFLUENT (PMDE) AND ITS DECOLORIZATION BY POTENTIAL BACTERIAL CONSORTIUM (2013)

Melanodins are amino-carbonyl complex, predominantly present in sugarcane molasses based distillery wastewater as major source of colourant. The indiscriminate discharge of post methanated distillery effluent (PMDE) from distilleries is a major source of soil and water pollution which directly or indirectly affects the animals and human beings. Adequate treatment is therefore imperative before the effluent is discharged. The effect of pH on melanoidin extraction from PMDE and its decolorization by a developed potential consortium of Proteus mirabilis (IITRM5; FJ581028), Bacillus sp. (IITRM7; FJ581030), Raoultella planticola (IITRM15; GU329705) and Enterobacter sakazakii (IITRM16, FJ581031) was studied. Melanoidin was extracted with isopropanol at different pH. The most effective pH for melanoidin extraction was noted at pH 11.0 (2.87%, w/v) from PMDE of color range 80000-85000 Co-Pt with high BOD (29120±10.00 mg/l) and COD (58018.33±23.63 mg/l). Subsequently, the maximum de-colorization (70.00%) of PMDE was noted in the presence of glucose (1%, w/v), peptone (0.05%) at pH 7.0 and minimum at pH 11.0 (11.66%, w/v) within 168 h bacterial incubation. Further, the results also revealed that the pH directly affected melanoidin extraction and bacterial de-colorization of PMDE. The cultures of these strains have better color removal ability after melanoidin extraction and thus can be utilized for bioremediation of PMDE affected sites.
Modeling and Analysis of Liquid Penetration into Soft Material with Application to Needle-Free Jet Injection (2009)

A mathematic model has been presented for a high speed liquid jet penetration into soft solid by a needle-free injection system. The model consists of a cylindrical column formed by the initial jet penetration and an expansion sphere due to continuous deposition of the liquid. By solving the equations of energy conservation and mass conservation, the penetration depth and the radius of the expansion sphere can be predicted. As an example, the calculation results were presented for a typical needle-free injection system injected into a silicon rubber.
Expression of CD52 in peripheral T-cell lymphoma (2007)

Peripheral T-cell lymphoma unspecified (PTCL/U) is a rare tumor characterized by poor treatment response and a dismal prognosis. We studied CD52 expression in 97 PTCL/U cases by immunohistochemistry on tissue-microarrays. Furthermore, CD52 gene expression was studied in 28 cases for which RNA was available. We found that CD52 is expressed in approximately 40% of PTCLs/U at the same level as in normal T-lymphocytes. Although other factors may play a role in the in vivo response to alemtuzumab, an anti-CD52 monoclonal antibody, the estimation of CD52 expression may provide a rationale for the selection of patients with a higher probability of treatment response.
Role of Adenosine in Energy Supply/Demand Balance (1991)

Abstract The central paradigm of adenosine research is the idea that adenosine controls energy supply/demand balance. According to this theory, AMP is hydrolyzed to adenosine during conditions of hypoxia, ischemia, or exercise. Adenosine then redresses local energy deficits by reducing energy demand and increasing energy supply.
2P2-C04 The effect of phase relationships between wings of dragonfly-type flight (2006)

We reported on the effect of the phase relationship between forewings and hindwings in the dragonfly flight. The dragonfly-type ornithopters (DTOs) were developed to investigate the flapping flight. The wing span of DTO is 100 mm long. Reynolds number is the same order as Dragonfly's Reynolds number (10^3). Flights of DTOs with various phase relationships were recorded with a high speed video camera, and their motions were analyzed. We also visualized air flow around the wings in a wind tunnel. We demonstrated that there are phase relationships for accelerating flight (45°), low speed flight (180°), high speed flight (270°,315°). This relationship between flight and phase almost matched that of dragonflies.
Delayed contrast extravasation MRI: a new paradigm in neuro-oncology (2014)

The TRAMs present a novel model-independent approach providing efficient separation between tumor/nontumor tissues by adding a short MRI scan >1 h post contrast injection. The methodology uses robust acquisition sequences, providing high resolution and easy to interpret maps with minimal sensitivity to susceptibility artifacts. The presented results provide histological validation of the TRAMs and demonstrate their potential contribution to the management of brain tumor patients.
Characterization of matrix metalloprotease activities induced in the sea urchin extraembryonic matrix, the hyaline layer (2001)

Hyaline layers, freshly prepared from one-hour-old embryos, were devoid of gelatin-cleavage activity. However, upon storage at 4 degrees C, gelatin-cleavage activities appeared; three species of apparent mol mass 94 --> 117-, 90-, and 45-kDa were seen. All three species required zinc for activity. Using gel-exclusion chromatography we separated the 94 --> 117-, and 90-kDa species from the 45-kDa activity. The two higher mol mass species were inhibited by ethylenebis (oxyethylenenitrilo) tetraacetic acid and the lost activity was restored by calcium. Reconstitution of activity occurred with an apparent dissociation constant (calcium) of 5 microM. The presence of millimolar concentrations of magnesium had a minimal inhibitory effect on activity. The thermal denaturation profile of the higher mol mass gelatin-cleavage activity was significantly different in the presence and absence of calcium. Stabilization of these activities against thermal denaturation at 60 degrees C occurred with an apparent dissociation constant (calcium) of 0.6 mM. Magnesium had no significant effect on the thermal denaturation profile. Collectively, these results suggest at least two different modes of interaction between calcium and the higher mol mass gelatinases. These conclusions are discussed in the context of the high calcium and magnesium concentrations present in the sea water environment of the sea urchin embryo.
Naloxone potentiates the cardiovascular effects of catecholamines in canine hemorrhagic shock. (1985)

Endogenous opioids are released during stress and appear to contribute to the cardiovascular suppression seen in shock. When the opiate receptor antagonist naloxone is administered intravenously to anesthetized dogs subjected to hemorrhage, mean arterial pressure, maximal left ventricular dp/dt, and cardiac output increase. This study tests the hypothesis that naloxone acts by potentiating the effects of neurally and adrenally released catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, then blockade of endogenous catecholamine release should attenuate the response to naloxone, and administration of exogenous adrenergic agonists prior to naloxone treatment should restore the response. Catecholamine release was attenuated by a combination of surgical adrenal denervation and pharmacological ganglionic blockade. Adrenal denervation or chlorisondamine alone attenuated and, in combination, blocked the response to naloxone in hemorrhaged dogs. Infusion of alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonists at a constant rate prior to treatment restored the response to naloxone. Naloxone appears to improve cardiovascular function in hemorrhagic shock by potentiating the effect of released catecholamines and not by increasing sympathoadrenal discharge.
Human Metal ESD: Design of a Full-Wave Model and an Improved Compact Generator (2023)

A full-size, full-wave human body model has been designed. Compared with a real human-metal electrostatic discharge (ESD), similar fields and currents are obtained from the numerical model. A resistive surface sheet is used in microwave studio to control the currents on the air-filled body. Its performance is verified by comparing it to the currents and fields from the real human ESD. A subcircuit models the time-dependent resistance of the spark using the well-known Rompe–Weizel spark resistance model. Real human metal ESD does not reveal the double hump shape as shown in the IEC standard. To create a generator that reproduces the real human metal ESD current waveform, a compact ESD generator was designed, which is based on matching the impedance of real human metal mode ESD with the impedance of the compact ESD generator. Furthermore, a circuit-based simulator is presented. It is based on a PCB implementation of the equivalent circuit of the human metal ESD.
Identification of NR5A1 (SF-1/AD4BP) gene expression modulators by large-scale gain and loss of function studies (2008)

Nuclear receptor subfamily 5, group A, member 1 (NR5A1 previously known as SF-1/AD4BP) is a transcription factor involved in the development of adrenal/gonadal tissues and steroidogenic lineage cell differentiation in adult somatic stem cells. To understand the cellular signaling network that regulates NR5A1 gene expression, loss of function screening with an siRNA kinome library, and gain of function screening with an addressable full-length cDNA library representing one quarter of the human genome was carried out. The NR5A1 gene expression was activated in mesenchymal stem cells by siRNA directed against protein kinase C (PKC)-delta, erb-B3, RhoGAP (ARHGAP26), and hexokinase 2, none of which were previously known to be involved in the NR5A1 gene expression. Among these, we identified crosstalk between erb-B3 and PKC-delta signaling cascades. In addition, the gain of function studies indicated that sex-determining region Y (SRY)-box 15 (SOX15), TEA domain family member 4, KIAA1257 (a gene of unknown function), ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 6, Josephin domain containing 1, centromere protein, TATA box-binding protein-associated factor 5-like RNA polymerase, and inducible T-cell co-stimulator activate NR5A1 gene expression. These results provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of NR5A1 gene expression.
Radial compression and controlled cutting of carbon nanotubes (1998)

Utilizing high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, in tandem with molecular dynamics simulations, we conduct a fundamental study of the mechanical force–structure relationship of carbon nanotubes. We study the response of tubes to asymmetrical radial compressive forces, which are directly related to observed structure distortions in HRTEM (high-resolution transmission electron microscopy). We show that the magnitude of such forces can be readily estimated and is related to the shape of the distortion, characterized by percent compression and the radius of the tube, as well as the number of layers for very narrow tubes. The elasticity and resilience of the walls depend on the tube radius and the number of layers. We further suggest that even very large forces produce reversible, elastic distortions, indicating that radial mechanical forces should not be a feasible method to cut a nanotube without causing severe structural damage.
Often Asked but Rarely Answered: Can Asians Meet DSM-5/ICD-10 Autism Spectrum Disorder Criteria? (2016)

Despite myths, biases, and stereotypes about Asian social behavior, Asians (at least Korean children) typically use elements of reciprocal social interactions similar to those in the West. Therefore, standardized diagnostic methods widely used for ASD in Western culture can be validly used as part of the assessment process and research with Koreans and, possibly, other Asians.
Dissipative dynamics of vortex arrays in anisotropic traps (2001)

We discuss the dissipative dynamics of vortex arrays in trapped Bose-condensed gases and discuss the lifetime of the vortices as a function of trap anisotropy and temperature. In particular, we distinguish two regimes of dissipative dynamics, depending on the relative strength of the mutual friction between the vortices and the thermal component, and the friction of the thermal particles on the trap anisotropy. We study the effects of heating of the thermal cloud by the escaping vortices on the dynamics of the system.
Efficient T cell repertoire selection in tetraparental chimeric mice independent of thymic epithelial MHC (2003)

Nonthymic epithelial cells were compared with thymic epithelial cells for their role in T cell repertoire selection. Tetraparental aggregation chimeras were generated from T and B cell-deficient mice (H-2(d) SCID or H-2(b) Rag-/-) and thymus-deficient nude mice (H-2(b) or H-2(d)). These tetraparental mice showed primary protective CD8(+) T cell responses, after lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection, that were peptide-specifically restricted to either thymic or nonthymic epithelial MHC at comparable levels. These chimeras also mounted neutralizing IgG responses dependent on cognate CD4(+) T helper cell activity restricted to nonthymic epithelial MHC. Therefore, in contrast to earlier results with irradiation or thymus chimeras, these relatively undisturbed tetraparental mice reveal that the MHC of nonthymic epithelial cells efficiently selects a functional T cell repertoire.
Quantum Chemical Design of D–π–A‐Type Donor Materials for Highly Efficient, Photostable, and Vacuum‐Processed Organic Solar Cells (2021)

Fullerene‐free donor materials are receiving more and more attention from the scientific community due to their high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) and large visible‐light‐harvesting capabilities. Herein, five new molecules (ZDM1–ZMD5) with D–π–A‐type skeletons are efficiently designed and theoretically characterized. These newly tailored molecules can improve the PCEs of vacuum‐processed organic solar cells (OSCs). End‐capped donor modifications of DTDCPTT‐2CN (R) are done with well‐organized end‐capped donor units. Density functional theory at MPW1PW91 method along with 6‐31 G(d,p) level is utilized to calculate various photovoltaic (PV), physiochemical, and optoelectronic properties of these novel theoretically planned molecules. Different geometric parameters are also computed for the studied molecules. A narrow bandgap ( E g = 1.52–1.93 eV) with redshifting ( λ max = 589–614 nm) in the absorption spectrum is observed for ZDM1–ZDM5. Further, low excitation ( E x ) and binding energies ( E b ) offer high current charge density ( J sc ) along with good PCE. A blend study of ZDM3/PC 61 BM is also carried out to explore the charge transfer behavior of the designed molecules. Finally, more than 10% PCE is predicted (theoretically) using the Scharber model. To sum up, results of different analyses suggest that these theoretically modeled molecules are efficient aspirants for highly stable and efficient vacuum‐processed OSCs.
An Arabidopsis Cell Cycle–Dependent Kinase-Related Gene, CDC2b, Plays a Role in Regulating Seedling Growth in Darkness (1999)

The Arabidopsis CDC2b gene has been defined as a plant-specific cell cycle-dependent kinase-related gene, although it lacks the conserved cyclin binding motif, and its exact function is not known. Here, we report that in etiolated seedlings, the expression of the CDC2b gene is correlated with elongation rate of the hypocotyl. Inhibition of CDC2b gene expression by using an inducible antisense construct resulted in short-hypocotyl and open-cotyledon phenotypes when transgenic seedlings were grown in the dark. The severity of these phenotypes in dark-grown seedlings could be correlated with the level of the antisense gene expression. The short hypocotyl of seedlings underexpressing CDC2b was a result of inhibition of cell elongation rather than a reduction in cell number, whereas in cotyledons, inhibition of CDC2b expression resulted in large, open cotyledons with amyloplasts rather than etioplasts. Although the nuclear DNA was less compact in the antisense hypocotyl cells, DNA content and endoreduplication were not affected. Cell division of the shoot apical meristem also was not affected by antisense expression. The short-hypocotyl phenotype of these transgenic plants was partially rescued by the addition of brassinolide. Brassinolide can only induce CDC2b expression in darkness. These results suggest a role for the CDC2b gene in seedling growth via regulation of hypocotyl cell elongation and cotyledon cell development.
Picking Virtual Pockets using Relay Attacks on Contactless Smartcard Systems (2005)

A contactless smartcard is a smartcard that can communicate with other devices without any physical connection, using Radio-Frequency Identifier (RFID) technology. Contactless smartcards are becoming increasingly popular, with applications like credit-cards, national-ID, passports, physical access. The security of such applications is clearly critical. A key feature of RFID-based systems is their very short range: typical systems are designed to operate at a range of &amp;amp;asymp;10cm. In this study we show that contactless smartcard technology is vulnerable to relay attacks: An attacker can trick the reader into communicating with a victim smartcard that is very far away. A &amp;quot;lowtech&amp;quot; attacker can build a pick-pocket system that can remotely use a victim contactless smartcard, without the victim&amp;apos;s knowledge. The attack system consists of two devices, which we call the &amp;quot;ghost&amp;quot; and the &amp;quot;leech&amp;quot;. We discuss basic designs for the attacker&amp;apos;s equipment, and explore their possible operating ranges. We show that the ghost can be up to 50m away from the card reader -- 3 orders of magnitude higher than the nominal range. We also show that the leech can be up to 50cm away from the the victim card. The main characteristics of the attack are: orthogonality to any security protocol, unlimited distance between the attacker and the victim, and low cost of the attack system.
The Microstructure and Superconducting Properties of Bi,Pb-2223 Thin Film Fabricated by RF Sputtering and Annealing Method (2012)

We investigated the microstructures and superconducting properties of Bi,Pb-2223 thin films on SrTiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> (100) fabricated by radio-frequency (RF) sputtering and annealing. Most as-deposited films fabricated by RF sputtering did not exhibit a superconducting transition due to their low crystallinity, their deviation from the composition of Bi-2223, and their low intergrain connectivity. The as-deposited films did not contain Pb. To obtain the Bi,Pb-2223 phase, we annealed the film with Bi,Pb-2223 pellets and powder. After annealing, we confirmed that the thin film contained Pb. <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">zero</sup> = 100 K was obtained in Bi,Pb-2223 thin film after post-annealing. We observed strong 00 <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">l</i> peaks and a sharp quadrupole in X-ray θ - 2θ and φ-scan measurements. These results suggest that this film consists of a single phase of Bi,Pb-2223 and has a biaxial orientation. The Bi,Pb-2223 thin film had a maximum <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">J</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> of 0.1 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> at 78 K in a magnetic field of 2 T. Furthermore, Bi,Pb-2223 exhibited very strong anisotropy in its <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">J</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> - <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">B</i> angle characteristics.
An innovative approach towards enhancing energy conservation in buildings via public engagement using DIY infrared thermography surveys (2020)

Energy consumption in urban environment in the EU accounts for about 40% of the total energy consumption, and the majority of this energy is utilised for heating and air conditioning of buildings. Hence the process of insulating and retrofitting of relatively old buildings is essential to enhance the thermal performance and hence contribute to energy and carbon emission reduction. There is a need to enhance people's engagement and education in relation to such issues to inspire and encourage positive actions and investment from the public. This paper presents an approach of combining a novel training process using a low-cost infrared thermal camera with small scale building model to promote DIY (Do-It-Yourself) infrared survey for the public to evaluate the performance of their own homes in order to identify any issues related to insulation or air leaks from the building envelop to encourage them to take corrective actions. The work included the engagement of 50 people to survey their own homes to capture the technical findings as well as their personal reaction and feedback. The results show that 88% of participants have found the educational session helpful to understand the infrared thermography; and 92% have considered the infrared camera to be an effective tool to indicate location of heat losses. Additionally, 90% of participants trust that the thermal camera has helped them to identify insulation defects that cause heat losses in their homes. Moreover, 84% believe that the thermal imaging has convinced them to think more seriously about the heat losses of their homes and what they could do to improve that. The experimental thermography surveys have shown that many houses have limitations in terms of thermal insulation which have been identified by the participants. This DIY interaction has provided enhanced public engagement and energy awareness via the use of the technology. The financial issues are also found to be critical, as none of the participants would have done the survey if they had to pay for it. Hence, this paper provides a solution for households with limited budgets.
Scalable synthesis of activated carbon with superparamagnetic properties (2006)

Magnetic activated carbons were obtained by in situ formation of coated superparamagnetic iron nanoparticles in the pores of carbons initially impregnated with ferric salt solution.
Organ-Specific Silencing of Duplicated Genes in a Newly Synthesized Cotton Allotetraploid (2004)

Most eukaryotes have undergone genome doubling at least once during their evolutionary history. Hybridization followed by genome doubling (allopolyploidization) is a prominent mode of speciation in plants, leading to phenotypic novelty and changes in genome structure and gene expression. Molecular events that take place immediately after polyploid formation can be studied using newly synthesized allopolyploids. Here we studied the extent of gene silencing in a newly created and genomically stable allotetraploid cotton, of genotype AAGG, using an AFLP-cDNA display screen. Over 2000 transcripts were screened and approximately 5% of the duplicated genes in the allotetraploid were inferred to have been silenced or downregulated. Sequencing of 24 AFLP-cDNA fragments revealed genes with a variety of functions. Analysis by RT-PCR showed silencing or a strong expression bias toward one copy for 9 of 13 genes examined. Comparisons of expression patterns among eight organs in the allopolyploid showed that silencing and preferential expression are organ specific. Examination of silencing patterns in two other synthetic polyploids, of genotype AADD, showed that the same gene can be silenced independently in different genotypes. These results provide a detailed portrayal of gene silencing events that can occur following allopolyploidization and suggest epigenetic causal factors.