gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Occurrences of ikaite and pseudomorphs after ikaite in Patagonian lakes - crystal morphologies and stable isotope composition (2010)

(1) LMU-Munchen, Paleontology, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Munchen, Germany (m.oehlerich@lrz.uni-muenchen.de), (2) Geo-Bio-Center, LMU, Germany, (3) present address: Institute of Geography, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany, (4) GEOPOLAR, Institute of Geography, University of Bremen, Germany, (5) Institute of Paleobiology, Biogeology Department, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland, (6) Institute of Chemistry and Dynamics of the Geosphere 4: Agrosphere (ICG 4), Forschungszentrum Julich, Julich, Germany, (7) Department of Chemistry, LMU, Munich, Germany
Anatomy and Malalignment of the Patellofemoral Joint (2005)

Patellofemoral joint function involves a complex orchestration of a number of dynamic, static, and neuromuscular factors. I will discuss the components of patellofemoral anatomy and whether the presence of certain anatomic variables may increase the risk of patellofemoral arthrosis. The patellofemoral surgeon is faced with several clinical challenges: the semantics of the language used to discuss these problems, the correlation of clinical symptoms and radiographic imaging to help diagnose a problem, and surgical challenges in optimizing extensor mechanism function.
Proliferating cell nuclear antigen and p21 are components of multiple cell cycle kinase complexes. (1993)

We have recently shown that two proteins, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and p21, are associated with cyclin D. Here we show that PCNA and p21 are common components of a wide variety of cyclin/cyclin-dependent kinase complexes in nontransformed cells. These include kinase complexes containing cyclin A, cyclin B, and cyclin D, associated either with CDC2, CDK2, CDK4, or CDK5. We show that PCNA and p21 form separate quaternary complex with each cyclin/CDK and that these quaternary complexes contain a substantial, if not major, fraction of the cell cycle kinases in asynchronously growing cells. These results suggest that PCNA and p21 may perform a common function for all these kinases.
Engagement of CD81 induces ezrin tyrosine phosphorylation and its cellular redistribution with filamentous actin (2009)

CD81 is a tetraspanin family member involved in diverse cellular interactions in the immune and nervous systems and in cell fusion events. However, the mechanism of action of CD81 and of other tetraspanins has not been defined. We reasoned that identifying signaling molecules downstream of CD81 would provide mechanistic clues. We engaged CD81 on the surface of B-lymphocytes and identified the induced tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins by mass spectrometry. This analysis showed that the most prominent tyrosine phosphorylated protein was ezrin, an actin-binding protein and a member of the ezrin-radixin-moesin family. We also found that CD81 engagement induces spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) and that Syk was involved in tyrosine phosphorylation of ezrin. After engagement of CD81, it colocalized with ezrin and F-actin, and this association was disrupted when Syk activation was blocked. Taken together, these studies suggest a model in which CD81 interfaces between the plasma membrane and the cytoskeleton by activating Syk, mobilizing ezrin, and recruiting F-actin to facilitate cytoskeletal reorganization and cell signaling. This mechanism might explain the pleiotropic effects induced in response to stimulation of cells by anti-CD81 antibodies or by the hepatitis C virus, which uses this molecule as its key receptor.
Flow Cytometry-Based Photodynamic Diagnosis with 5-Aminolevulinic Acid for the Detection of Minimal Residual Disease in Multiple Myeloma (2019)

Multiple myeloma is the cancer of plasma cells. Along with the development of new and effective therapies, improved outcomes in patients with multiple myeloma have increased the interest in minimal residual disease (MRD) monitoring. However, the considerable heterogeneity of immunophenotypic and molecular markers of myeloma cells has limited its clinical application. 5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a natural compound in the heme biosynthesis pathway. Following ALA treatment, tumor cells preferentially accumulate porphyrins because of the differential activities of aerobic glycolysis, known as Warburg effect. Among various porphyrins, protoporphyrine IX is a strong photosensitizer; thus, ALA-based photodynamic diagnosis has been widely used in various solid cancers. Here, the feasibility of flow cytometry-based photodynamic detection of MRD was tested in multiple myeloma. Among various human cell lines of hematological malignancies, including K562 erythroleukemia, Jurkat T-cell leukemia, Nalm6 pre-B cell leukemia, KG1a myeloid leukemia, and U937 monocytic leukemia, human myeloma cell line, KMS18, and OPM2 abundantly expressed ALA transporters, such as SLC36A1 and SLC15A2, and 1 mM ALA treatment for 24 h resulted in nearly 100% porphyrin fluorescence expression, which could be competitively inhibited by ALA transport with gamma-aminobutyric acid. Titration studies revealed that the lowest ALA concentration required to achieve nearly 100% porphyrin fluorescence in KMS18 cells was 0.25 mM, with an incubation period of 2 h. Under these conditions, incubation of primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells resulted in only 1.8 % of the cells exhibiting porphyrin fluorescence. Therefore, flow cytometry-based photodynamic diagnosis is a promising approach for detecting MRD in multiple myeloma.
A toolchain for safety-critical embedded processor programming using FPGAs (2015)

In safety-critical environments it is no longer sufficient to rely on legacy methodologies. Correctness should be built in all the way through the process. This paper presents a toolchain which allows theorem prover output to be interfaced to fault-tolerant FPGA circuitry. We show a shallow embedding of a lambda calculus executing on a Xilinx platform with the assistance of a choice of fault-tolerance methodologies to detect or mask single-event upsets. The toolchain and synthesis procedure maintains type-safety throughout and eliminates buffer-overrun attacks. The new flow generates results which are competitive relative to N-modular redundancy, and can be readily adapted to mass production devices.
Structural and Photoelectric Properties of Epitaxially Grown Vanadium Dioxide Thin Films on c-Plane Sapphire and Titanium Dioxide (2019)

Vanadium dioxide (VO<sub>2</sub>) is one of the most extensively studied materials in the strongly correlated electron family capable of sustaining an insulator-to-metal transition. Here we present our studies of high-quality thin films of epitaxially grown VO<sub>2</sub> on c-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>(0001) and TiO<sub>2</sub>(001) via reactive DC pulsed magnetron sputtering. We present the structural transition probed via Reflection High Energy Electron Diffraction (RHEED) for the first time and we correlate the surface microstructure measurements with simulations before, during, and after the thermally induced transition. We also study the photoelectric conversion of VO<sub>2</sub> on TiO<sub>2</sub>(001) and c-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>(0001) under 405 nm light and demonstrate up to a 2000% increase in quantum efficiency as the power of the light is varied for VO<sub>2</sub> on TiO<sub>2</sub>(001).
Pediatric motor activity during sleep as measured by actigraphy (2018)

This study is the first to examine motor activity from actigraphy in a large sample of healthy community-dwelling children and adolescents. Reference tables and percentiles, as well as sample actigrams highlighting different outcomes, are provided for clinicians and researchers who utilize actigraphy in pediatric populations.
APOE ε4 allele status similarly predicts a latent dementia index as clinical diagnosis of dementia (2021)

Abstract Background Latent dementia index (LDI) variables are increasingly popular, mainly because they make it possible to quantify a continuous measure of dementia risk using cognitive and functional ability variables when no clinical gold standard is available. Validation studies of LDI variables tend to include clinical gold standard outcomes and demographic variables (e.g., age and gender). No studies to date, however, have validated LDI variables using APOE ε4 allele status. To the extent that effects are similar, we can claim greater convergent validity of the LDI. The purpose of this study is evaluate whether effects of APOE ε4 allele status on LDI is similar to effects of e4 status on clinical gold standard. Method The study included 856 participants from the 2001‐2003 Aging, Demographics, and Memory Study (ADAMS), a subsample from the United States Health and Retirement Study. Respondents completed a comprehensive neuropsychological battery, including tests evaluating cognitive ability across multiple cognitive domains (such as memory, executive function, orientation, attention, spatial ability, and language). Informants provided data on functional ability. The LDI was modeled as a latent variable indicated by task specific cognitive scores and functional ability tasks. Lower LDI scores indicate greater risk of dementia. APOE status was an ordinal variable to indicate the absence (0 alleles) or presence (1 or 2 alleles) of ε4 allele status. Clinical gold standard was determined by neuropsychological assessment, which included medical, functioning, cognitive, and physical exams. Regression analyses were performed to test the correlation between APOE ε4 allele status and both measures of dementia. Result APOE ε4 allele status significantly predicted clinical gold standard (OR: 1.44 [.95CI: 1.23, 1.69]). APOE ε4 allele status also significantly predicted LDI ( β = ‐0.15, SE =0.04, p &lt; .001). APOE ε4 allele status accounted for approximately half the amount of the variance in LDI (2%) as in clinical gold standard (3.6%). Conclusion Based on the similarity of the effects of APOE ε4 allele status on LDI and clinical gold standard, the LDI appears to be a valid continuous proxy measure of dementia.
Duality and replicas for a unitary matrix model (2016)

In a generalized Airy matrix model, a power $p$ replaces the cubic term of the Airy model introduced by Kontsevich. The parameter $p$ corresponds to Witten's spin index in the theory of intersection numbers of moduli space of curves. A continuation in $p$ down to $p= -2$ yields a well studied unitary matrix model, which exhibits two different phases in the weak and strong coupling regions, with a third order critical point in-between. The application of duality and replica to the $p$-th Airy model allows one to recover both the weak and strong phases of the unitary model, and to establish some new results for these expansions. Therefore the unitary model is also indirectly a generating function for intersection numbers.
Catechol-O-Methyltransferase (COMT) Val 108/158 Metpolymorphism does not modulate executive function in children with ADHD (2004)

Contrary to the observed association between WCST performance and the Val108/158 Met polymorphism of the COMT gene in both healthy and schizophrenic adults, this polymorphism does not appear to modulate executive functions in children with ADHD.
Gamete and Embryo Manipulation (2009)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Biosynthetic corneas: prospects for supplementing the human donor cornea supply (2011)

The cornea is the eye’s transparent outer window, through which light enters and is focused for human vision. Irreversible loss of corneal transparency due to disease, pathology or trauma results i...
Micros 3 - A CAD/CAM Program for Fast Realization of Microstrip Masks (2005)

A program for fast realization of microstrip masks is presented. It runs on a desktop computer and allows to directly cut the mask on a plotter. Most elements needed to realize a circuit are directly computed and drawn by the program, and the user can also define his own elements.
A Spectral Mapping Signature for the Rapid Ohia Death (ROD) Pathogen in Hawaiian Forests (2018)

Pathogenic invasions are a major source of change in both agricultural and natural ecosystems. In forests, fungal pathogens can kill habitat-generating plant species such as canopy trees, but methods for remote detection, mapping and monitoring of such outbreaks are poorly developed. Two novel species of the fungal genus Ceratocystis have spread rapidly across humid and mesic forests of Hawaiʻi Island, causing widespread mortality of the keystone endemic canopy tree species, Metrosideros polymorpha (common name: ʻōhiʻa). The process, known as Rapid Ohia Death (ROD), causes browning of canopy leaves in weeks to months following infection by the pathogen. An operational mapping approach is needed to track the spread of the disease. We combined field studies of leaf spectroscopy with laboratory chemical studies and airborne remote sensing to develop a spectral signature for ROD. We found that close to 80% of ROD-infected plants undergo marked decreases in foliar concentrations of chlorophyll, water and non-structural carbohydrates, which collectively result in strong consistent changes in leaf spectral reflectance in the visible (400–700 nm) and shortwave-infrared (1300–2500 nm) wavelength regions. Leaf-level results were replicated at the canopy level using airborne laser-guided imaging spectroscopy, with quantitative spectral separability of normal green-leaf canopies from suspected ROD-infected brown-leaf canopies in the visible and shortwave-infrared spectrum. Our results provide the spectral–chemical basis for detection, mapping and monitoring of the spread of ROD in native Hawaiian forests.
Deterministic ethernet in a safety critical environment (2014)

This thesis explores the concept of creating safety critical networks with low congestion and latency (known as critical networking) for real time critical communication (safety critical environment). Critical networking refers to the dynamic management of all the application demands in a network within all available network bandwidth, in order to avoid congestion. Critical networking removes traffic congestion and delay to provide quicker response times.&#13;\n&#13;\nA Deterministic Ethernet communication system in a Safety Critical environment addresses the disorderly Ethernet traffic condition inherent in all Ethernet networks. Safety Critical environment means both time critical (delay sensitive) and content critical (error free). Ethernet networks however do not operate in a deterministic fashion, giving rise to congestion. To discover the common traffic patterns that cause congestion a detailed analysis was carried out using neural network techniques. This analysis has investigated the issues associated with delay and congestion and identified their root cause, namely unknown transmission conditions. The congestion delay, and its removal, was explored in a simulated control environment in a small star network using the Air-field communication standard. A Deterministic Ethernet was created and implemented using a Network Traffic Oscillator (NTO). NTO uses Critical Networking principles to transform random burst application transmission impulses into deterministic sinusoid transmissions. It is proved that the NTO has the potential to remove congestion and minimise latency. Based on its potential, it is concluded that the proposed Deterministic Ethernet can be used to improve network security as well as control long haul communication.
Data Infrastructure at LinkedIn (2012)

Linked In is among the largest social networking sites in the world. As the company has grown, our core data sets and request processing requirements have grown as well. In this paper, we describe a few selected data infrastructure projects at Linked In that have helped us accommodate this increasing scale. Most of those projects build on existing open source projects and are themselves available as open source. The projects covered in this paper include: (1) Voldemort: a scalable and fault tolerant key-value store, (2) Data bus: a framework for delivering database changes to downstream applications, (3) Espresso: a distributed data store that supports flexible schemas and secondary indexing, (4) Kafka: a scalable and efficient messaging system for collecting various user activity events and log data.
Neuropathological diagnosis and CAG repeat expansion in Huntington's disease. (1996)

The study confirms the value of molecular genetic analysis in cases of suspected Huntington's disease and shows the importance of detailed neuropathological study in the few cases of suspected Huntington's disease with normal CAG repeat lengths.
Conformational aspects of the muscarinic receptor interactions of bicyclic isoxazole ester bioisosteres of arecoline. (1993)

3-Methoxy-4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo [4,5-c]pyridine (O-Me-THPO) and O,5-di-Me-THPO are conformationally restricted bioisosteres of the muscarinic agonists norarecoline and arecoline, respectively, showing partial agonist effects at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. The 7-membered ring analogue of O-Me-THPO, 3-methoxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-isoxazolo[4,5-c]azepine (O-Me-THAO), shows higher affinity for muscarinic receptor sites than O-Me-THPO or O,5-di-Me-THPO. Similarly, O-Et-THAO binds much more tightly to muscarinic receptor sites than its 6-membered ring analogues, O-Et-THPO and O-Et-5-Me-THPO. Based on receptor binding data, O-Me-THPO and O-Me-THAO, and O-Et-THPO and O-Et-THAO, respectively, show similar degrees of partial agonism. They also show similar relative affinities for muscarinic M1 and M2 receptor sites. Using the semiempirical quantum mechanics programme, AM1, and the molecular mechanics programme, SYBYL, we have studied the conformational flexibility of the O-alkyl-THPO and O-alkyl-THAO ring systems. As expected, the 7-membered ring of the latter system was shown to be markedly more flexible than the piperidine rings of O-alkyl-THPO analogues. On the basis of this analysis, a common pharmacophore for these two classes of compounds was constructed.
Dimension reduction induced anisotropic magnetic thermal conductivity in hematite nanowire (2021)

The thermophysical properties near the magnetic phase transition point is of great importance in the study of critical phenomenon. Low-dimensional materials are suggested to hold different thermophysical properties comparing to their bulk counterpart due to the dimension induced quantum confinement and anisotropy. In this work, we measured the thermal conductivity of $α$-Fe$_2$O$_3$ nanowires along [110] direction (growing direction) with temperature from 100K to 150K and found a dip of thermal conductivity near the Morin temperature. We found the thermal conductivity near Morin temperature varies with the angle between magnetic field and [110] direction of nanowire. More specifically, an angular-dependent thermal conductivity is observed, due to the magnetic field induced movement of magnetic domain wall. The angle corresponding to the maximum of thermal conductivity varies near the Morin transition temperature, due to the different magnetic easy axis as suggested by our calculation based on magnetic anisotropy energy. This angular dependence of thermal conductivity indicates that the easy axis of $α$-Fe$_2$O$_3$ nanowires is different from bulk $α$-Fe$_2$O$_3$ due to the geometric anisotropy.
Reevaluation of phase relations in the chemical system neodymium lutetium oxide NdLuO3 (2016)

The phase relations in the system with the overall chemistry Nd 2 O 3 :Lu 2 O 3 around 1:1 were investigated by x‐ray diffraction (XRD) of annealed powders and by differential thermal analysis (DTA). A mixture of rare earth oxide solid solutions in the cubic C and in the monoclinic B rare earth oxide structure was determined in the temperature range 1200 to 1650 °C. The C‐phase is dominated by Lu content while the B‐phase is Nd rich. With rising annealing temperature, the portion of Nd in the C‐phase is increased and lowered for the B‐phase. Different facilitation possibilities for P‐NdLuO 3 perovskite formation were discussed and examined but no evidence for stability of this phase could be found experimentally. Two thermal signals of phase transitions were detected. The first occurs at 1908 °C and disappears in second heating run if the temperature is raised too much. Furthermore, a second one was detected at 2121 °C.
Gate-first TiAlN P-gate electrode for cost effective high-k metal gate implementation (2012)

Gate-first (GF) high-k metal gate (HKMG) for LSTP/LOP logic and DRAM periphery applications requires an efficient and low-cost effective work function (eWF) solution. We demonstrated TiAlN for pFET eWF tuning without appreciable EOT, Jg, and interface degradation. Hence TiAlN is shown to be a key enabler to realize process-friendly and cost-effective GF HKMG implementation.
Entrainment of the fetal hamster circadian pacemaker by prenatal injections of the dopamine agonist SKF 38393 (1994)

Prenatal treatment with the D1-dopamine receptor agonist SKF 38393 or cocaine induces expression of the immediate-early gene c-fos in the fetal rat suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) (Weaver et al., 1992). Because the induction of c-fos gene expression in the SCN has been implicated in the entrainment of circadian rhythms by light in mature animals, the present study investigated whether prenatal dopaminergic activation entrains the fetal circadian pacemaker. Injections of SKF 38393 (8 mg/kg) were given to pregnant, SCN-lesioned hamsters during the last 5 d of gestation and the phases of the offspring's wheel-running activity rhythms were measured on postnatal day 20. Pregnant hamsters were each given two injections/day 12 hr apart, but only one of the injections each day contained SKF 38393. One group of hamsters received the drug at 0800 hr while another group received the drug at 2000 hr. The offspring from these treatment groups showed average phases that differed by 11.3 hr, demonstrating that prenatal SKF 38393 set the phase of the offspring's circadian rhythms. These results suggest that the fetal circadian pacemaker can be entrained by dopaminergic activation. In situ hybridization using cRNA probes demonstrated that a single injection of SKF 38393 on the last day of gestation induced c-fos gene expression in the fetal hamster SCN and that mRNA for the D1-dopamine receptor was present in the SCN at that time. It is possible that maternal entrainment of the fetal circadian pacemaker, which normally occurs during development, is mediated by dopaminergic activation within the fetal hypothalamus.