gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Berry curvature-induced local spin polarisation in gated graphene/WTe2 heterostructures (2022)

Experimental control of local spin-charge interconversion is of primary interest for spintronics. Van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures combining graphene with a strongly spin-orbit coupled two-dimensional (2D) material enable such functionality by design. Electric spin valve experiments have thus far provided global information on such devices, while leaving the local interplay between symmetry breaking, charge flow across the heterointerface and aspects of topology unexplored. Here, we probe the gate-tunable local spin polarisation in current-driven graphene/WTe<sub>2</sub> heterostructures through magneto-optical Kerr microscopy. Even for a nominal in-plane transport, substantial out-of-plane spin accumulation is induced by a corresponding out-of-plane current flow. We present a theoretical model which fully explains the gate- and bias-dependent onset and spatial distribution of the intense Kerr signal as a result of a non-linear anomalous Hall effect in the heterostructure, which is enabled by its reduced point group symmetry. Our findings unravel the potential of 2D heterostructure engineering for harnessing topological phenomena for spintronics, and constitute an important step toward nanoscale, electrical spin control.
Food Waste Recycling and Algal Destruction for Municipalities and Food Plants (2012)

Algae, food waste (groceries, bakery waste), dairy processing waste (hereafter called dairy waste) and algae comingled with food or dairy waste were digested in Induced Bed Reactor (IBR) anaerobic digesters at mesophilic conditions in trials that ran for about one year; data was collected for 7 months. Algae were harvested from the citys facultative lagoon based 14 MGD wastewater treatment facility to reduce effluent total phosphorus concentration and anaerobic digestion was explored as a method to dispose of the algae. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal from the algae was 32 to 62.5% depending on hydraulic retention time. Though the IBR is a high rate digester, in these experiments a long HRT of nearly 40 days gave the best COD removal (62.5%) for algae. COD removal from food waste was about 86%; that from dairy was about 80% and comingling resulted in COD removal of up to 87%. A zeolite based biogas conditioner removed sulfur compounds including H2S and other contaminants from biogas to non-detectable limits (< 0.050 ppmv). The biggest problem with feeding food waste was grinding and materials handling. Otherwise the food waste was good substrate.
Chemical Composition of the Surface and Subsurface of Pt–Pd–Rh–Ru Catalytic Gauzes Used in the NH3 Oxidation with Air at 1133 K (2022)

High-temperature oxidation of NH3 on Pt alloy gauzes to NO is widely employed in industry for the production of HNO3, which is used to obtain agricultural fertilizers. Particular attention is paid now to the investigation of the chemical composition of gauzes used in NH3 oxidation. X-ray photoelectron and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopies with the depth of analysis ca. 5 nm and ca. 500 nm were applied to investigate the chemical composition of surface and subsurface layers of the new and used in NH3 oxidation with air at T = 1133 K Pt–Pd–Rh–Ru catalytic gauzes (81, 15, 3.5, 0.5 wt.%, respectively). For all the gauzes, adsorption (OHad, COad), graphitic (Cgr) and oxide (Rh2O3) films were found on the surface of the metallic alloy. Under these films, Cab, Nab and Oab atoms absorbed in the subsurface layers were detected on the gauzes used in NH3 oxidation. The obtained data testify to the penetration of Oab and Nab atoms into deeper layers of the alloy during etching with elevation of the catalyst temperature. Oab atoms were accumulated predominantly on dislocations, etch pits and grain boundaries, whereas Nab atoms intercalated mostly into interstitial sites of the alloy lattice.
La literatura popular impresa en España y en la América Colonial. Formas y temas, géneros, funciones, difusión, historia y teoría (2006)

El libro, publicado bajo la dirección del prof. Pedro M. Cátedra, contiene más de treinta monografías sobre la literatura popular impresa de los siglos XV al XVIII en España y América, con acercamientos muy variados y desde las perspectivas de la historia de la cultura popular, la historia de la imprenta, la aculturación tipográfica, los generos editoriales, etc., etc.
Competitive online algorithm for leasing wireless channels in 3-Tier Sharing Framework (2016)

To meet the ever growing need for wireless spectrum, the Federal Communication Commision (FCC) introduced a spectrum sharing model called the 3-Tier Sharing Framework. In this model, under-utilized federal spectrum will be released for shared use where the highest preference will be given to Tier-1 followed by Tier-2 and then Tier-3. In this paper, we present a model where a wireless operator, who is interested in maximizing its profit, can operate as a Tier-2 and/or a Tier-3 user. Tier-2 is characterized by paid but “almost” guaranteed and interference free channel access while Tier-3 access is free but has lesser guarantee and also faces channel interference. So the operator has to optimally decide between paid but better channel quality and free but degraded channel quality. Also, the operator has to make these decisions without knowing future market parameters like customer demands or channel availability. We use tools from ski-rental literature to design a deterministic online algorithm for leasing channels which does not rely on the knowledge of market statistics. The efficiency of the online algorithm is analyzed by deriving its competitive ratio (CR) and by conducting simulations. The mathematical model for leasing channels is a novel generalization of the classical ski-rental problem. We therefore make fundamental contribution to ski-rental literature which may have diverse applications beyond the problem considered in this paper.
Innate Immunity in the Lungs (2005)

Innate immunity is a primordial system that has a primary role in lung antimicrobial defenses. Recent advances in understanding the recognition systems by which cells of the innate immune system recognize and respond to microbial products have revolutionized the understanding of host defenses in the lungs and other tissues. The innate immune system includes lung leukocytes and also epithelial cells lining the alveolar surface and the conducting airways. The innate immune system drives adaptive immunity in the lungs and has important interactions with other systems, including apoptosis pathways and signaling pathways induced by mechanical stretch. Human diversity in innate immune responses could explain some of the variability seen in the responses of patients to bacterial, fungal, and viral infections in the lungs. New strategies to modify innate immune responses could be useful in limiting the adverse consequences of some inflammatory reactions in the lungs.
Plasmodesmal connectivity in C 4 Gynandropsis gynandra is induced by light and dependent on photosynthesis (2022)

SUMMARY In leaves of C 4 plants the reactions of photosynthesis become restricted between two compartments. Typically, this allows accumulation of C 4 acids in mesophyll cells and subsequent decarboxylation in the bundle sheath. In C 4 grasses proliferation of plasmodesmata between these cell types is thought to increase cell-to-cell connectivity to allow efficient metabolite movement. However, it is not known if C 4 dicotyledons also show this enhanced plasmodesmal connectivity and so whether this is a general requirement for C 4 photosynthesis is not clear. How mesophyll and bundle sheath cells in C 4 leaves become highly connected is also not known. We investigated these questions using 3D- and 2D- electron microscopy on the C 4 dicotyledon Gynandropsis gynandra as well as phylogenetically close C 3 relatives. The mesophyll-bundle sheath interface of C 4 G. gynandra showed higher plasmodesmal frequency compared with closely related C 3 species. Formation of these plasmodesmata was induced by light. Pharmacological agents that perturbed chloroplast development or photosynthesis reduced the number of plasmodesmata, but this inhibitory effect could be reversed by the provision of exogenous sucrose. We conclude that enhanced formation of plasmodesmata between mesophyll and bundle sheath cells is wired to the induction of photosynthesis in C 4 G. gynandra .
Faculty Opinions recommendation of NIP1;1, an aquaporin homolog, determines the arsenite sensitivity of Arabidopsis thaliana. (2009)

Arsenite [As(III)] is highly toxic to organisms, including plants. Very recently, transporters in rice responsible for As(III) transport have been described (Ma, J. F., Yamaji, N., Mitani, N., Xu, X. Y., Su, Y. H., McGrath, S. P., and Zhao, F. J. (2008) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 105, 9931-9935), but little is known about As(III) tolerance. In this study, three independent As(III)-tolerant mutants were isolated from ethyl methanesulfonate-mutagenized M2 seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana. All three mutants carried independent mutations in Nodulin 26-like intrinsic protein 1;1 (NIP1;1), a homolog of an aquaporin. Two independent transgenic lines carrying T-DNA in NIP1;1 were highly tolerant to As(III), establishing that NIP1;1 is the causal gene of As(III) tolerance. Because an aquaglyceroporin is able to transport As(III), we measured As(III) transport activity. When expressed in Xenopus oocytes, NIP1;1 was capable of transporting As(III). As content in the mutant plants was 30% lower than in wild-type plants. Promoter beta-glucuronidase and real-time PCR analysis showed that NIP1;1 is highly expressed in roots, and GFP-NIP1;1 is localized to the plasma membrane. These data show that NIP1;1 is involved in As(III) uptake into roots and that disruption of NIP1;1 function confers As(III) tolerance to plants. NIP1;2 and NIP5;1, closely related homologs of NIP1;1, were also permeable to As(III). Although the disruption of these genes reduced the As content in plants, As(III) tolerance was not observed in nip1;2 and nip5;1 mutants. This indicates that As(III) tolerance cannot be simply explained by decreased As contents in plants. PMID: 19029297
The relationship between elastomer opacity, colorimeter beam size, and measured colorimetric response. (1992)

The effect of opacity on the colorimetric responses of large-area and small-area colorimeters was determined using an elastomer intended for maxillofacial prosthetics use and containing various pigments at different concentrations. Opacity was determined by calculating the contrast ratio of 2-mm-thick specimens against black and white backings, using Kubelka-Munk analyses to correct for thickness and backing color variations. The measure of comparison of the two colorimeters was the relative difference in tristimulus reflectance, with the tristimulus reflectance of the large-area colorimeter as the basis of the relative difference. A significant quadratic relationship was found between contrast ratio and the relative difference in tristimulus reflectance. This relationship may be used to describe opacity without the need to make optical observations or measurements of a thin layer of material on contrasting backings. The small-area colorimeter produced color parameters that are a measure of the combined effects of both color and opacity. The importance of beam size considerations of optical measuring devices for translucent natural and prosthetic materials was emphasized.
Análise de riscos no projeto de sistemas de informação: utilização da teoria dos prospectos. (2007)

A determinação do escopo de um projeto de Tecnologia da Informação é um desafio aos seus participantes. Isto se deve, em grande parte, às variações dos requisitos que acontecem fundamentalmente devido às rápidas transformações pelas quais passam as organizações; freqüentemente a etapa de levantamento retrata uma necessidade que no momento de sua implementação já é diferente, pois precisou ser transformada ou adequada para atender às novas realidades do negócio. Sendo assim, deve o gerente do projeto entregar o produto combinado que não atende mais às necessidades, ou atendê-las e desenvolver um projeto ineficaz sob o ponto de vista dos custos, já elevados em função de constantes modificações? O presente artigo apresenta um caso real em que a Teoria dos Prospectos foi utilizada para se determinar quais mudanças de projeto deveriam ou não ser aceitas. Tal teoria mostrou ser uma ferramenta eficaz, por permitir o tratamento de questões subjetivas e riscos.
Strong approximation of continuous local martingales by simple random walks (2004)

The aim of this paper is to represent any continuous local martingale as an almost sure limit of a nested sequence of simple, symmetric random walk, time changed by a discrete quadratic variation process. One basis of this is a similar construction of Brownian motion. The other major tool is a representation of continuous local martingales given by Dambis, Dubins and Schwarz (DDS) in terms of Brownian motion time-changed by the quadratic variation. Rates of convergence (which are conjectured to be nearly optimal in the given setting) are also supplied. A necessary and sufficient condition for the independence of the random walks and the discrete time changes or equivalently, for the independence of the DDS Brownian motion and the quadratic variation is proved to be the symmetry of increments of the martingale given the past, which is a reformulation of an earlier result by Ocone [8].
Pectinophora gossypiella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae): Susceptibility of F1 Larvae from Irradiated Parents to Entomopathogenic Nematodes (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae, Heterorhabditidae) (1998)

We studied the interactions between F1 progeny of Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) adults irradiated in the pupal stage and entomopathogenic nematodes. Both sexes of pink bollworm pupae were exposed to 4, 8, 12, or 16 krad substerilizing radiation doses irradiated using a 60Co source. The F1 larvae were tested in a sand bioassay for susceptibility to Steinernema riobravis Cabanillas. Poinar & Raulston, S.carpocapsae (Weiser), and 2 strains of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Poinar). The numbers of infecting nematodes were counted after 48 h.Increasing parental radiation dose significantly increased F1 larval susceptibility to S.riobravis and H. bacteriophora, but decreased susceptibility to S. carpocapsae. This difference in susceptibility may be caused by the sedentary nature of larvae from parents receiving higher levels of irradiation, combined with the passive ambush tactics used by S.carpocapsae to acquire an insect host. The need to sustain the F1 population of pink bollworm for sterility promotion and subsequent population collapse suggests S. carpocapsae to be an ideal entomopathogenic nematode to be used in conjunction with inherited sterility control methods.
Exploiting dream-like simulation mechanisms to develop safer agents for automated driving: The “Dreams4Cars” EU research and innovation action (2017)

Automated driving needs unprecedented levels of reliably and safety before marked deployment. The average human driver fatal accident rate is 1 every 100 million miles. Automated vehicles will have to provably best these figures. This paper introduces the notion of dream-like mechanisms as a simulation technology to produce a large number of hypothetical design and test scenarios - especially focusing on variations of more frequent dangerous and near miss events. Grounded in the simulation hypothesis of cognition, we show here some principles for effective simulation mechanisms and an artificial cognitive system architecture that can learn from the simulated situations.
Gene Transfer by Electroporation of Filamentous Fungi (2003)

The fungi encompass an enormous array of species, ranging from microscopic uninucleate, unicellular forms to multinucleate, coenocytic, highly differentiated macroscopic morphological forms. The wealth of diversity provided by a wide variety of life cycles, the availability of asexual and sexual modes of reproduction, and the presence of both haploid and diploid phases of the life cycle add further dimensions to this fascinating group of eukaryotic microbes. The tremendous potential of various taxa of filamentous fungi for biotechnological applications has yet to be realized. The filamentous fungi are emerging as a source of suitable hosts for expression of mammalian and other eukaryotic genes to yield products of commercial interest. They are ideally suited to this end by virtue of their normal mode of nutrition, based on the capacity for secretion of degradative enzymes, instrumental in conversion of complex growth substrates into simpler, readily utilizable derivatives that are absorbed by the growing fungal hyphae. Several species of filamentous fungi are known to produce pharmaceuticals, antibiotics, metabolites, phytohormones, and other industrially important products. There is a great deal of interest in the potential for the use of filamentous fungi as biocontrol agents—as antagonists of other fungal phytopathogens, as bioherbicides and bioinsecticides.
Fingerprint compression using a modified wavelet transform and pyramid lattice vector quantization (2002)

A new compression algorithm for fingerprint images is introduced. A modified wavelet packet scheme which uses a fixed decomposition structure, matched to the statistics of fingerprint images, is presented. A technique for determining the most important coefficients is introduced. The algorithm uses both hard and soft thresholding schemes to make the procedure fast and efficient. The bit allocation for each subimage of the modified coefficients is determined. Each subimage uses a different quantization technique based on its entropy. Then, a lossless compression technique, Huffman, is used to obtain further compression. The algorithm results in a high compression ratio and a high reconstructed image quality with a low computational cost, compared to other existing algorithms. The performance of the proposed algorithm is compared to that of other decomposition techniques: ordinary wavelet transform (OWT), entropy-based best basis selection (E-BBB), wavelet/scalar quantization (WSQ) and JPEG.
Changes in short‐term memory processes in patients with multiple sclerosis (1999)

In this study we compared the performance of 39 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with 28 age-, sex- and education-matched controls on both the Mini-Mental State Examination, a global cognitive assessment tool, and the Sternberg Short-Term memory scanning task, a standardized test of short-term memory (STM) processes. While the STM span of our MS patients did not differ from that of our controls, STM scanning time of the MS group was reliably slower than that of the controls and a significant correlation was observed between STM scanning time and duration but not severity of illness. Our results suggest that processing stages other than the manipulation of data within the STM buffer are also affected by MS.
Lake Louise Consensus Conference on Cyclosporin Monitoring in Organ Transplantation: Report of the Consensus Panel (1995)

Oellerich, M.; Armstrong, V. W.; Kahan, B.; Shaw, L.; Holt, D. W.; Yatscoff, R.; Lindholm, A.; Halloran, P.; Gallicano, K.; Wonigeit, K.; Schütz, E.; Schran, H.; Annesley, T. Author Information
Systematic aging of degradable nanosuspension ameliorates vibrating-mesh nebulizer performance (2014)

Sample aging is an alternative to electrolyte supplementation in order to ameliorate the aerosol characteristics of degradable NP formulations when nebulized by vibrating-mesh technology.
ERP for the management of aluminium conversion industries: what is relevant ? (2003)

International audience
Chapter 9. Phosphazenes (2015)

This 31 page chapter covers developments in the chemistry of phosphazenes published during 2013. After an introduction, it is divided into five sections – mono- and dimeric phosphazenes, cyclotriphosphazenes, metal containing complexes, phosphazenes in polymeric structures, and hydrophilic and amphiphilic phosphazenes. There are 114 references.
Hypoglycemia-Induced Increases in Thalamic Cerebral Blood Flow are Blunted in Subjects with Type 1 Diabetes and Hypoglycemia Unawareness (2012)

The thalamus has been found to be activated during the early phase of moderate hypoglycemia. Here, we tested the hypothesis that this region is less activated during hypoglycemia in subjects with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and hypoglycemia unawareness relative to controls. Twelve controls (5 F/7 M, age 40 ± 14 years, body mass index 24.2 ± 2.7 kg/m(2)) and eleven patients (7 F/4 M, age 39 ± 13 years, body mass index 26.5 ± 4.4 kg/m(2)) with well-controlled T1DM (A1c 6.8 ± 0.4%) underwent a two-step hyperinsulinemic (2.0 mU/kg per minute) clamp. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) weighted images were acquired using arterial spin labeling to monitor cerebral activation in the midbrain regions. Blood glucose was first held at 95 mg/dL and then allowed to decrease to 50 mg/dL. The CBF image acquisition during euglycemia and hypoglycemia began within a few minutes of when the target blood glucose values were reached. Hypoglycemia unaware T1DM subjects displayed blunting of the physiologic CBF increase that occurs in the thalamus of healthy individuals during the early phase of moderate hypoglycemia. A positive correlation was observed between thalamic response and epinephrine response to hypoglycemia, suggesting that this region may be involved in the coordination of the counter regulatory response to hypoglycemia.
Optimal Low-Thrust Invariant Manifold Trajectories via Attainable Sets (2011)

A method to incorporate low-thrust propulsion into the invariant manifolds technique is presented in this paper. The low-thrust propulsion is introduced by means of special attainable sets that are used in conjunction with invariant manifolds to define a first-guess solution. This is later optimized in a more refined model where an optimal control formalism is used. Planar low-energy low-thrust transfers to the moon, as well as spatial low-thrust stable-manifold transfers to halo orbits in the Earth moon system, are presented. These solutions are not achievable via patched-conics methods or standard invariant manifolds techniques. The aim of the work is to demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed method in delivering efficient solutions, which are compared with known examples.
A System-Wide Investigation of the Dynamics of Wnt Signaling Reveals Novel Phases of Transcriptional Regulation (2010)

Aberrant Wnt signaling has been implicated in a wide variety of cancers and many components of the Wnt signaling network have now been identified. Much less is known, however, about how these proteins are coordinately regulated. Here, a broad, quantitative, and dynamic study of Wnt3a-mediated stimulation of HEK 293 cells revealed two phases of transcriptional regulation: an early phase in which signaling antagonists were downregulated, providing positive feedback, and a later phase in which many of these same antagonists were upregulated, attenuating signaling. The dynamic expression profiles of several response genes, including MYC and CTBP1, correlated significantly with proliferation and migration (P<0.05). Additionally, their levels tracked with the tumorigenicity of colon cancer cell lines and they were significantly overexpressed in colorectal adenocarcinomas (P<0.05). Our data highlight CtBP1 as a transcription factor that contributes to positive feedback during the early phases of Wnt signaling and serves as a novel marker for colorectal cancer progression.
Digital Supplement (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction General Data Observational Data Figures of the Book Acknowledgment References