gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fixed-lag blind equalization and sequence estimation in digital communications systems using sequential importance sampling (1999)

We present methods for fixed-lag smoothing using sequential importance sampling on a discrete non-linear, non-Gaussian state space system with unknown parameters. Our particular application is in the field of digital communication systems. Each input data point is taken from a finite set of symbols. We represent the transmission media as a fixed filter with a finite impulse response (FIR), hence a discrete state-space system is formed. Conventional Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques such as the Gibbs sampler are unsuitable for this task because they can only perform processing on a batch of data. Data arrives sequentially, so it would seem sensible to process it in this way. In addition, many communication systems are interactive, so there is a maximum level of latency that can be tolerated before a symbol is decoded. We demonstrate this method by simulation and compare its performance to existing techniques.
Evaluating preference-based search tools: a tale of two approaches (2006)

People frequently use the world-wide web to find their most preferred item among a large range of options. We call this task preference-based search. The most common tool for preference-based search on the WWW today obtains users' preferences by asking them to fill in a form. It then returns a list of items that most closely match these preferences. Recently, several researchers have proposed tools for preference-based search that elicit preferences from the critiques a user actively makes on examples shown to them. We carried out a user study in order to compare the performance of traditional preference-based search tools using form-filling with two different versions of an example-critiquing tool. The results show that example critiquing achieves almost three times the decision accuracy, while requiring only slightly higher interaction effort.
Inhibition of Tgfβ signaling enables durable ventricular pacing by TBX18 gene transfer (2022)

ABSTRACT Implantable cardiac pacemaker devices are generally effective for patients with symptomatic bradyarrhythmia. However, device-dependent cardiac pacing is far from ideal and often inadequate, particularly for pediatric patients who need to go through invasive revision of the indwelling hardware. Biological pacemakers have been proposed as device-free alternatives to the current treatment, but sustained, unwavering biological pacing beyond days after the biologic delivery has not been demonstrated. We have previously demonstrated that re-expression of an embryonic transcription factor, TBX18, could reprogram ventricular cardiomyocytes into induced pacemaker myocytes (iPMs). Here, we report that exogenous expression of TBX18 per se leads to severe fibrosis in situ , impairing the iPMs’ ability to pace together. Acute fibrosis is accompanied with proliferation and activation of cardiac fibroblasts via Tgfβ-Smad2/3 pathway. Small molecule inhibition of Tgfβ signaling mitigated the interstitial remodeling, independent from TBX18-induced iPM reprogramming at the single-cell level. Direct and focal gene transfer of TBX18 into the left ventricular myocardium created ventricular pacing in a rat model of chronic atrioventricular block, but such activity began to wane in a week. In contrast, a combination therapy consisting of TBX18 gene transfer and Tgfβ inhibition enabled sustained biological pacing beyond the four-week study period. Our data demonstrate that inhibition of Tgfβ signaling suffices to achieve durable cardiac pacing by TBX18-induced biological pacemakers.
Video coding using motion compensation with polynomial motion vector fields (2002)

This paper presents novel methods for motion compensated prediction and prediction error coding of video sequences. The scheme utilises segmentation of the video frames into nonregularly shaped segments composed of small square blocks which can be encoded with a very low number of bits. This two-step segmentation is obtained by quadtree-like splitting of image blocks followed by a motion assisted merging algorithm which yields segments characterised by uniformity of motion. Motion fields are compactly encoded using 2-D separable orthonormal polynomials. The number and order of these polynomials is established for each segment separately in an adaptive manner. To improve the efficiency of coding of the residual error, after motion compensated prediction the proposed scheme utilises the spatial properties of the prediction frame available in the encoder and the decoder. Results of the simulations described in this paper show that the presented scheme enables up to 45% bitrate reductions compared to the ITU-T Rec. H.263 video coder while achieving the same objective quality of coded video.
Object registration in scene matching based on spatial relationships (2004)

Affine invariant descriptors have been widely used for recognizing objects regardless of their position, size and orientation in space. Examples of color, texture, and shape descriptors abound in the literature. However, many tasks in computer vision require the consideration of the objects' spatial relationships. Earlier work showed that the relative position of two objects could be quantitatively described by histograms of forces. Consider images of a scene captured from different viewing geometries. The images contain a number of objects, and the spatial relationships among these objects are captured using force histograms. These force histograms are used as the image spatial relations descriptors. In previous work, we studied how affine transformations affect the force histograms descriptors and how to approximate the parameters of an affine transformation that best relates two descriptors. 
We now propose a method for generating the correspondence map between two image descriptors. The confidence of each map is calculated using features calculated from the estimated affine transformation parameters. From this map, we generate the object correspondence confidence matrix that contains the degree of confidence for relating objects in the first image to objects in the second. From this matrix, we generate a one-to-one object correspondence map for the two images by maximizing the aggregate object correspondence confidence. 
We compare this new approach to an existing method based on the Fourrier-Mellin and log-polar transform. We demonstrate possible applications of this approach in object registration, scene change detection, and matching hand-drawn sketches to real images. We perturb the image by adding, removing, displacing, scaling, and translating individual objects in the image to evaluate the robustness of our approach.
Evaluation of Error-State Kalman Filter Method for Estimating Human Lower-Limb Kinematics during Various Walking Gaits (2022)

Inertial measurement units (IMUs) offer an attractive way to study human lower-limb kinematics without traditional laboratory constraints. We present an error-state Kalman filter method to estimate 3D joint angles, joint angle ranges of motion, stride length, and step width using data from an array of seven body-worn IMUs. Importantly, this paper contributes a novel joint axis measurement correction that reduces joint angle drift errors without assumptions of strict hinge-like joint behaviors of the hip and knee. We evaluate the method compared to two optical motion capture methods on twenty human subjects performing six different types of walking gait consisting of forward walking (at three speeds), backward walking, and lateral walking (left and right). For all gaits, RMS differences in joint angle estimates generally remain below 5 degrees for all three ankle joint angles and for flexion/extension and abduction/adduction of the hips and knees when compared to estimates from reflective markers on the IMUs. Additionally, mean RMS differences in estimated stride length and step width remain below 0.13 m for all gait types, except stride length during slow walking. This study confirms the method's potential for non-laboratory based gait analysis, motivating further evaluation with IMU-only measurements and pathological gaits.
Contributi per una flora vascolare di Toscana. X (606-663)[Contributions for a vascular flora of Tuscany. X (606-663)] (2018)

Contributions for a vascular flora of Tuscany. X (606-663). New localities and/or confirmations concerning 57 specific and subspecific plant taxa of Tuscan vascular flora, belonging to 42 genera and 25 families are presented: Chenopodium, Polycnemum, Salsola (Amaranthaceae), Torilis (Apiaceae), Hieracium, Tragopogon (Asteraceae), Mahonia (Berberidaceae), Lepidium (Brassicaceae), Campanula (Campanulaceae), Herniaria (Caryophyllaceae), Dichondra (Convolvulaceae), Sedum (Crassulaceae), Cyperus, Schoenoplectus (Cyperaceae), Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae), Ervilia, Medicago, Trifolium, Trigonella, Vicia (Fabaceae), Geranium (Geraniaceae), Juncus (Juncaceae), Tulipa (Liliaceae), Malva (Malvaceae), Broussonetia (Moraceae), Olea (Oleaceae), Oenothera (Onagraceae), Oxalis (Oxalidaceae), Callitriche (Plantaginaceae), Aira, Anthoxanthum, Catapodium, Hordeum, Imperata, Lolium, Poa, Polypogon, Setaria, Triticum (Poaceae), Fagopyrum (Polygonaceae), Aphanes (Rosaceae), Rubia (Rubiaceae). In the end, the conservation status of the units and eventual protection of the cited biotopes are discussed.
Reverse Osmosis and Ultrafiltration (1985)

A new field of materials science has been evolving as a means of designing RO/UF membranes for different applications. This science is based on the interfacial properties of membrane materials at membrane material-solution interfaces, origin and development of pores on the surface of asymmetric porous membranes, method of determining the average pore size and pore size distribution on the surface of RO/UF membranes, and the relationship between the above interfacial properties and the porous structure of membrane surface, and the RO/UF performance of the membrane on the basis of the surface force-pore flow model for RO/UF transport. This science is broadly outlined and illustrated.
A murine model for B-cell lymphomagenesis in immunocompromised hosts: natural killer cells are an important component of host resistance to premalignant B-cell lines. (1990)

The accompanying paper (D. W. Felsher et al., Cancer Res., 50:7042-7049, 1990) describes a new panel of cloned murine B-cell lines with a premalignant phenotype and in vivo-derived malignant variants. This paper assesses the contribution of immune mediated antitumor mechanisms which might account for host resistance to the tumorigenicity of these cell lines. Conventional T-cell-dependent responses did not appear to be critical to host resistance. In vivo elimination of T-helper cells with anti-L3T4 monoclonal antibody did not reduce host resistance to the tumorigenicity of these cell lines, nor did these cell lines elicit cytotoxic T-cell activity. However, a strong correlation was found between tumorigenicity and host natural killer (NK) activity. In vitro studies demonstrated that the cell lines were as NK sensitive as the prototypical NK target, YAC-1, whereas the malignant variants fully tumorigenic in normal hosts were greater than 20-fold less NK sensitive than were the parent cell lines. In vivo depletion of NK cells with anti-asialo-GM1 in BALB/c strongly diminished host resistance to cell line tumorigenicity, whereas polydeoxyinosinic-deoxycytidilic acid induction of NK cells enhanced host resistance. These findings indicate that NK function is a critical component to host resistance in this system and suggest that endogenous cellular mechanisms which overcome NK sensitivity could be a target for secondary transforming events in B-cell lymphomagenesis. They also raise the unexpected possibility that a non-antigen-dependent (versus immune cytotoxic T-lymphocytes) effector mechanism may be the key deficit promoting B-cell neoplasia in the setting of immunocompromised states.
Sea snake toxinology (1994)

Sea snake bites in the Asia-Pacific region the venom apparatus of sea snakes molecular biology of sea-snake toxins - cloning, expression of cDNAs and analysis of gene organization a review of contemporary sea snake toxinology - chemistry, pharmacology, immunology and clinico-pathological aspects sea snakes of Australia sea snakes of Japan sea snakes of Fiji and Niue and account of the sea snakes (serpentes - hyrdrophilidae) of Sri Lanka.
Perception of complex aggregates (2008)

Aggregates of individual objects, such as forests, crowds, and piles of fruit, are a common source of complexity in computer graphics scenes. When viewing an aggregate, observers attend less to individual objects and focus more on overall properties such as numerosity, variety, and arrangement. Paradoxically, rendering and modeling costs increase with aggregate complexity, exactly when observers are attending less to individual objects. In this paper we take some first steps to characterize the limits of visual coding of aggregates to efficiently represent their appearance in scenes. We describe psychophysical experiments that explore the roles played by the geometric and material properties of individual objects in observers' abilities to discriminate different aggregate collections. Based on these experiments we derive metrics to predict when two aggregates have the same appearance, even when composed of different objects. In a follow-up experiment we confirm that these metrics can be used to predict the appearance of a range of realistic aggregates. Finally, as a proof-of-concept we show how these new aggregate perception metrics can be applied to simplify scenes by allowing substitution of geometrically simpler aggregates for more complex ones without changing appearance.
Mechanism of ATP-Induced Local and Conducted Vasomotor Responses in Isolated Rat Cerebral Penetrating Arterioles (2008)

ATP-induced conducted dilation is preceded by membrane hyperpolarization. Local ATP induces initial local constriction via smooth-muscle P(2X1) and subsequent dilation via endothelial P(2Y) receptors. Nitric oxide, cytochrome P450 metabolites, and intermediate and large conductance K(Ca) channels mediate dilation caused by ATP. ATP-induced conducted dilation is dependent upon both the endothelium and cytochrome P450 metabolites.
Synthesis and in Vitro and in Vivo Antitumor Activity of a Series of Trans Platinum Antitumor Complexes (1995)

The synthesis of a series of platinum complexes of trans coordination geometry [centered around the general formula, trans-ammine(amine)dichlorodihydroxoplatinum(IV) plus corresponding tetrachloroplatinum(IV) or Pt(II) counterparts] is described as part of a drug discovery program to identify more effective platinum-based anticancer drugs, particularly targeted toward the circumvention of resistance to cisplatin. Complexes have been evaluated for antitumor activity using in vitro and in vivo tumor models. In vitro against a panel of cisplatin-sensitive and -resistant human tumor cell lines (predominantly ovarian), many of the trans platinum complexes studied (e.g., 1, R = cyclohexyl) exhibited comparable potency to cisplatin and also overcame acquired cisplatin resistance, where resistance was due mainly to either reduced drug uptake or enhanced platinum-DNA adduct removal. Moreover, 14 trans complexes showed significant in vivo antitumor activity against the subcutaneous murine ADJ/PC6 plasmacytoma model; all were platinum(IV) complexes, 13/14 possessing axial hydroxo ligands the other possessing axial ethylcarbamato ligands. Where tested, all of their respective platinum(II) or tetrachloroplatinum(IV) counterparts were inactive. Notably, three dihydroxoPt(IV) complexes (18, 29, 34) (R = c-hexyl, c-heptyl, and 1-adamantyl) retained some efficacy against a cisplatin-resistant variant of the ADJ/PC6. Compounds 18 (trans-[PtCl2(OH)2NH3-(RNH2)]) R = c-C6H11, 22, R = Me3C, 27, R = n-C6H13, 28, R = PhCH2, and 36 (trans-[PtBr2(OH)2NH3(c-C6H11NH2)]) also produced evidence of antitumor activity (> 5 days growth delay) against subcutaneously grown advanced stage human ovarian carcinoma xenografts. These data demonstrate that a series of trans-ammine(amine)dichlorodihydroxoplatinum(IV) complexes are active in vivo against both murine and human subcutaneous tumor models and represent potential leads to a new generation of platinum-based anticancer drug.
Average response time minimization in star-connected computer networks (2002)

The authors consider static and adaptive-decentralized optimisation of the performance of a distributed computing system with a central processor (CP), denoted by S/sub 0/ loosely coupled to N peripheral processors (PPs), denoted by S/sub i/, i=1, . . ., N. Each PP receives a stream of Poisson job arrivals with a rate lambda /sub i/. The arriving load at S/sub i/ is distributed between the CP and itself with probabilities P/sub i/ and (1-P/sub i/) respectively. The service time distribution at each processor is arbitrary with mean 1/ mu /sub i/ and second moment E(Y/sub i//sup 2/), i=0, . . ., N. The objective is to determine the probabilities P/sub i/, i=1, . . ., N so as to minimize the expected steady state response time of jobs. The authors solve the problem for the case of known parameters through nonlinear optimization techniques and develop a centralized computational algorithm. An adaptive technique for each PP to compute its optimal P/sub i/ is developed. The latter technique is useful when the system parameters are unknown a priori. In this case, it is assumed that the CP gives the processing time (of a remote job) to a PP when returning the remote job submitted by that PP. The sequences of estimates (computed by PPs) are shown to converge to the jointly optimum routing probabilities with probability 1 and in the mean square sense. Simulation results demonstrate the practicality of the adaptive approach.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Stable Carbonium Ions. XXIII.1 Proton-13C+ Spin-Spin Coupling in Carbonium Ions1 (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStable Carbonium Ions. XXIII.1 Proton-13C+ Spin-Spin Coupling in Carbonium Ions1George A. Olah and Melvin B. ComisarowCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 8, 1818–1819Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00960a044https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00960a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views47Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Advanced Surgical Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome in the Pediatric Patient (2016)

Great care must be taken when managing the airway of any patient with sleep apnea. Acknowledgment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) as a significant cause of morbidity in the pediatric community has met with slow acceptance. The standard surgical approach has been tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. A similar approach has been followed at Stanford University in the adult population with documented success. In this manner, surgical treatment can be guided by the physical findings of the individual patient, all the time understanding that no evaluation method has been shown to be perfect. There has been great discussion in the literature regarding the indications and accuracy of sleep studies for children. If one is considering any of the advanced surgical procedures, polysomnogram is mandatory. The thought process that led to the development of our surgical protocol for adults certainly is valid for the pediatric population.
Failure mechanisms in TAB inner lead bonding and the relationship between design and reliability (2002)

Thermo-compression bonding as an inner lead bonding technique subjects the bonded device to severe temperature and pressure conditions. This is particularly true for the case where gold-plated tape is bonded to gold bumps. One of the principal failure mechanisms for gold-to-gold bonding is related to the development of cracks in the protective inorganic passivation layer propagating into the underlying pad structure. An investigation was undertaken in the AMD TAB (tape automated bonding) laboratory on the prevention of such cracking and of the consequent failure mechanisms. Three different silicon devices fabricated in bipolar and CMOS processes have been used to compare the effects on crack development of the variables of passivation type and geometric configuration of the bump and pad metallization. Cracking at the bump to device interface results in reduced bond strength and failure of the bond at that interface. The failure mechanism is destruction of the titanium/tungsten barrier metallization due to the influx of oxygen and moisture. The incidence of cracking can be reduced or eliminated by appropriate design of the bump-to-pad geometry.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Determination of the Microscopic Equilibrium Dissociation Constants for Risedronate and Its Analogues Reveals Two Distinct Roles for the Nitrogen Atom in Nitrogen-Containing Bisphosphonate Drugs (2008)

Microscopic equilibrium dissociation constants, k as, were determined for four nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (N-BP): risedronate and its analogues 2-(2-aminophenyl)-1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-bisphosphonate, NE 11807, and NE 97220. The proportion of each and of analogues 2-(3'-( N-ethyl)pyridinium)-ethylidenebisphosphonate and 2-(3-piperinidyl)-1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-bisphosphonate, having a positively charged nitrogen and three negative charges on the bisphosphonate group ("carbocation analogue") at pH 7.5, was calculated. When set in order of increasing potency at inhibiting farnesyl diphosphate (FDP) synthase (their intracellular target), the N-BPs are also ranked in order of decreasing mole fraction of carbocation analogue. However, only a weak correlation exists between potency for inhibiting FDP synthase and potency for inhibiting Dictyostelium discoideum growth. It is concluded that, although high potency for inhibiting FDP synthase is favored when the nitrogen atom in a N-BP is uncharged, N-BPs having a positively charged nitrogen can still be potent inhibitors of Dictyostelium growth owing to favorable interaction with a second, unidentified target.
Enhancement of insulin-producing cell differentiation from embryonic stem cells using pax4-nucleofection method (2007)

Enhancement of IPC differentiation from EB-dissociated ES cells can be revealed by simply using pax4 expressing plasmid delivery. Not only more IPCs but also pancreatic differentiation-related genes can be detected by SQ-PCR. Expression of relative genes, such as foxa 2, mixl 1, pdx-1, insulin 1 and somatostatin after nucleofection, suggests that pax4 accelerates the whole differentiation progress. The higher insulin production with glucose dependent modulation suggests that pax4 expression can drive more mature IPCs. Although further determination of the entire mechanism is required, the potential of pax-4-nucleofected cells in medical treatment is promising.