gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Safety evaluation of the food enzyme β‐amylase from Bacillus flexus strain AE‐BAF (2021)

The food enzyme b-amylase (4-a-D-glucan maltohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.2) is produced with the nongenetically modified Bacillus flexus strain AE-BAF by Amano Enzyme Inc. The production strain has been shown to qualify for Qualified Presumption of Safety (QPS) status. The food enzyme is intended to be used in baking and brewing processes, and in starch processing for the production of glucose syrups and other starch hydrolysates. Since residual amounts of total organic solids (TOS) are removed by the purification steps applied during the production of glucose syrups, dietary exposure was not calculated for this food process. Based on the maximum use levels recommended by the applicant for the baking and brewing processes and individual data from the EFSA Comprehensive European Food Database, dietary exposure was estimated to be up to 2 mg TOS/kg body weight (bw) per day in European populations. Toxicological studies were not considered necessary given the QPS status of the production strain and the nature of the manufacturing process. Similarity of the amino acid sequence to those of known allergens was searched and no match was found. The Panel considered that, under the intended conditions of use, the risk of allergic sensitisation and elicitation reactions by dietary exposure cannot be excluded, but the likelihood for this to occur is considered to be low. Based on the data provided, in particular, the QPS status of the production strain and that no issues of concern arose from the production process, the Panel concluded that the food enzyme b-amylase produced with B. flexus strain AE-BAF does not give rise to safety concerns under the intended conditions of use.
How Do We Measure Inflation (2015)

One goal of monetary policy is price stability, which requires a measure of prices over time. The gold standard maintained the stability of one price, that of gold. Today, we need to consider a broad array of prices. The Federal Reserve?s policymaking body, the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC), uses the personal consumption expenditures (PCE) deflator as its index of prices. But what is it, and why does the Fed consider this measure the most suitable?
Medicines for sea lice (2002)

Sea louse (Family Caligidae: genera Caligus and Lepeophtheirus) infection of farmed salmonids represents a significant threat to animal welfare and undermines profitability. Lice may also act as vectors for the transmission of viral and bacterial pathogens. Pest-control programmes parallel those deployed in terrestrial livestock farming and include the use of parasiticides. The authorisation process for fish medicines varies widely between salmon farming countries and undue regulatory constraint may place farmers in one country at a competitive disadvantage. In many jurisdictions, fish are a 'minor' species and mounting demands for environmental assessment increase registration costs. A successful integrated louse-management strategy requires free access to a range of effective, chemically unrelated active ingredients deployed according to current best practice. Over-reliance on a limited number of products will lead, inevitably, to resistance, which is difficult to counter.
Atomistic MD simulation reveals the mechanism by which CETP penetrates into HDL enabling lipid transfer from HDL to CETP (2014)

Inhibition of cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP), a protein mediating transfer of neutral lipids between lipoproteins, has been proposed as a means to elevate atheroprotective HDL subpopulations and thereby reduce atherosclerosis. However, off-target and adverse effects of the inhibition have raised doubts about the molecular mechanism of CETP-HDL interaction. Recent experimental findings have demonstrated the penetration of CETP into HDL. However, atomic level resolution of CETP penetration into HDL, a prerequisite for a better understanding of CETP functionality and HDL atheroprotection, is missing. We constructed an HDL particle that mimics the actual human HDL mass composition and investigated for the first time, by large-scale atomistic molecular dynamics, the interaction of an upright CETP with a human HDL-mimicking model. The results demonstrated how CETP can penetrate the HDL particle surface, with the formation of an opening in the N barrel domain end of CETP, put in evidence the major anchoring role of a tryptophan-rich region of this domain, and unveiled the presence of a phenylalanine barrier controlling further access of HDL-derived lipids to the tunnel of CETP. The findings reveal novel atomistic details of the CETP-HDL interaction mechanism and can provide new insight into therapeutic strategies.
Accurate camera calibration for off-line, video-based augmented reality (2002)

Camera tracking is a fundamental requirement for video-based augmented reality applications. The ability to accurately calculate the intrinsic and extrinsic camera parameters for each frame of a video sequence is essential if synthetic objects are to be integrated into the image data in a believable way. In this paper, we present an accurate and reliable approach to camera calibration for off-line video-based augmented reality applications. We first describe an improved feature tracking algorithm, based on the widely used Kanade-Lucas-Tomasi tracker. Estimates of inter-frame camera motion are used to guide tracking, greatly reducing the number of incorrectly tracked features. We then present a robust hierarchical scheme that merges sub-sequences together to form a complete projective reconstruction. Finally, we describe how RANSAC-based random sampling can be applied to the problem of self-calibration, allowing for more reliable upgrades to metric geometry. Results of applying our calibration algorithms are given for both synthetic and real data.
Motion correction in optical coherence tomography volumes on a per A-scan basis using orthogonal scan patterns (2012)

High speed Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) has made it possible to rapidly capture densely sampled 3D volume data. One key application is the acquisition of high quality in vivo volumetric data sets of the human retina. Since the volume is acquired in a few seconds, eye movement during the scan process leads to distortion, which limits the accuracy of quantitative measurements using 3D OCT data. In this paper, we present a novel software based method to correct motion artifacts in OCT raster scans. Motion compensation is performed retrospectively using image registration algorithms on the OCT data sets themselves. Multiple, successively acquired volume scans with orthogonal fast scan directions are registered retrospectively in order to estimate and correct eye motion. Registration is performed by optimizing a large scale numerical problem as given by a global objective function using one dense displacement field for each input volume and special regularization based on the time structure of the acquisition process. After optimization, each volume is undistorted and a single merged volume is constructed that has superior signal quality compared to the input volumes. Experiments were performed using 3D OCT data from the macula and optic nerve head acquired with a high-speed ultra-high resolution 850 nm spectral OCT as well as wide field data acquired with a 1050 nm swept source OCT instrument. Evaluation of registration performance and result stability as well as visual inspection shows that the algorithm can correct for motion in all three dimensions and on a per A-scan basis. Corrected volumes do not show visible motion artifacts. In addition, merging multiple motion corrected and registered volumes leads to improved signal quality. These results demonstrate that motion correction and merging improves image quality and should also improve morphometric measurement accuracy from volumetric OCT data.
<title>Remote fire detection using MMW radiometric sensor</title> (1998)

Lack of reliable fire warning and detection systems for urban/wildland interface, large area industrial facilities and transportation systems result each year in a loss of millions of dollars worth of property; it also endangers lives. Typical optical fire detection sensor do not work well under frequency encountered adverse atmospheric conditions and, in addition, are incapable of covering sizable areas. WaveBand has recently developed hardware to study the feasibility of fire detection using a millimeter wave (MMW) scanning radiometer. It has proven the advantages of remote fire detection even under adverse weather conditions and through fire-generated smoke, better immunity to false alarms than optical sensors, and larger area of coverage. Despite using a wavelength that is much longer than that of visible light, the MMW sensor can accurate pinpoint the location of a developing fire.
Processing Biodegradable Polycaprolactone through 3D Printing (2013)

An initial study of processing biodegradable Polycaprolactone (PCL) through 3D printing technology was conducted using Fujifilm Dimatix DMP-2800 material printer. The aim of this work was to investigate a potential method of preparing and processing biodegradable polycaprolactone through 3D printing. PCL inks with a concentration of 5wt% and 10wt% were prepared to investigate their processability. The influences of waveform peak height, time gap, printing voltage, droplet velocity, substrate temperature and droplet spacing on PCL ink droplet formation as well as final deposition quality were investigated. Multi-layer PCL structures were printed and characterized with the geometric quality of deposited PCL measured using a Talysurf 2000 and Bruker ContourGT-I. It was found that PCL solvent ink can reach relative stable droplet formation and deposition when plate temperature was 30 ºC and droplet velocity was 6m/s. Printed PCL solvent ink showed ‘coffee ring’ effect after solidification. When deposition droplet spacing equals to 40µm, printed PCL film showed the lowest surface roughness.
Chyluria - An Overview (2009)

Chyluria, recognized as a urological manifestation of lymphatic system abnormality has been a curious entity since long. With varied options for management, this tropical, debilitating disease is known for recurrence. The article provides an in-depth review into the subject with the author’s experience in the field along with the recent advances in management. This article also describes the entity from its historical background, etiopathogenesis, investigative and management protocols including complications. Recent treatment modalities reported in literature are reviewed with author’s innovative contributions in the form of applying MR scan for diagnosing
INVESTIGATION OF BY-PRODUCT FORMATION DURING THE IRRADIATION OF DRINKING WATER WITH A MEDIUM PRESSURE LAMP (2007)

The goal of this study was to determine the effect of UV irradiation with a polychromatic spectrum on natural organic matter. Several irradiation tests were carried out with or without cut-off of wavelengths lower than 240 nm on water samples coming from different drinking water plants. DOC, BDOC, SEC analyses, chlorine demand, nitrate and nitrite concentration measurements were made. Changes were noticed as regarding SEC and chlorine demand analyses. Indeed a consistent trend of breaking-up NOM molecules into smaller fragments was observed. Moreover, the chlorine demand increased with the dose when the cut-off filter was not applied, whereas a maximum value resulted when the cut-off filter was applied. Most of these results were obtained at high UV doses (40000 J x m(-2)), suggesting that UV irradiation would not have a noticeable effect on the water samples tested at doses usually used for drinking water treatment.
Syntheses and Biological Properties of Cysteine‐Reactive Epibatidine Derivatives. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Depth distribution of H-3, C-14 and Co-60 in decommissioning of the biological shielding concrete of KRR-2 (2007)

The depth distributions of the gamma emitting nuclides, H-3 and C-14 activities were characterized for the activated biological shielding concrete from a decommissioning of Korea Research Reactor-2(TRIGA Mark-II) by using a commercially available tube furnace and a liquid scintillation counter. The HTO vapor and {sup 14}CO{sub 2} gas generated from the tube furnace were trapped in HNO{sub 3} and Carbosorb bubbler, respectively. The H-3 and C-14 activities were measured by the liquid scintillation counter. The specific activities of H-3 and C-14 were calculated by considering the concrete mass and the recovery factor of the tube furnace. The detection limits for H-3 and C-14 were 0.048 and 0.028 Bq/g respectively. The specific activity of the H-3 and C-14 tends to decrease exponentially as the depth of the concrete becomes deeper from the surface. In addition, the H-3 and C-14 activities were in good agreement with the Co-60 activities analyzed for the biological shielding concrete of KRR-2. (authors)
Image-based automated chemical database annotation with ensemble of machine-vision classifiers (2010)

This paper presents an image-based annotation strategy for automated annotation of chemical databases. The proposed strategy is based on the use of a machine vision-based classifier for extracting a 2D chemical structure diagram in research articles and converting them into standard chemical file formats, a virtual “Chemical Expert” system for screening the converted structures based on the level of estimated conversion accuracy, and a fragment-based measure for calculation intermolecular similarity. In particular, in order to overcome limited accuracies of individual machine-vision classifier, inspired by ensemble methods in machine learning, it is attempted to use of the ensemble of machine-vision classifiers. For annotation, calculated chemical similarity between the converted structures and entries in a virtual small molecule database is used to establish the links. Annotation test to link 121 journal articles to entries in PubChem database demonstrates that ensemble approach increases the coverage of annotation, while keeping the annotation quality (e.g., recall and precision rates) comparable to using a single machine-vision classifier.
Obstruktive Bronchopneumopathie, Cor pulmonale und Gicht bei zwei Patienten mit homozygot ererbtem α 1-Antitrypsinmangel (1972)

Ätiologie und Pathogenese der unspezifischen, obstruktiven Bronchopneumopathien, die häufig zu einer vorzeitigen Berufsunfähigkeit führen, liegen noch weitgehend im Dunkeln. Angeschuldigt werden inhalative Noxen und biochemische Veränderungen an der Lungenalveole und im Bronchialsekret. Tatsächlich gelang es vor kurzem Goldring, Kimbel, Lieberman, Moscowitz und ihren Arbeitsgruppen durch Inhalation von pflanzlichen, bakteriellen und leukocytären Proteasen an Tieren ein Lungenemphysem zu erzeugen. Natürlicher Schutzstoff vor der Einwirkung dieser Proteasen ist das α l-Antitrypsin, welches an Lungengewebe adsorbiert wird. Eriksson u. Laurell hoben 1965 erstmals hervor, daß Personen, die einen erheblichen Mangel an α 1-Antitrypsin aufweisen, in der Hälfte bis zwei Drittel der Fälle an einem obstruktiven Lungenemphysem erkranken, das vorwiegend in den basalen Bezirken ausgeprägt ist und häufig schon vor dem 40. Lebensjahr auftritt. Die Defektproteinopathie wird nach Eriksson autosomalrecessiv vererbt. Das Serum von homozygoten Merkmalsträgern enthält nur etwa 10% des normalen Gehalts an α 1-Antitrypsin. Bisher sind im skandinavischen und angelsächsischen Schrifttum etwa hundert homozygote Defektträger mit Bronchopneumopathie bekannt geworden.
Civil Society, Corporatism, and China's Political Future (1996)

Abstract This chapter discusses the overall results of the investigations on China' civil society. It associates them with the paradigm of ‘civil society’ and the specific initial hypotheses about the changing nature of social organization. The chapter presents analytical insights and revisions that have emerged from the inquiry.
Wholesale China Climate Control Greenhouse Wholesaler - fivesteeltech (2010)

Background and objectives Wholesale China Round Black Tube Exporter - fivesteeltech(AFR) is a new modality for photorejuvenation and acne scars which combines carbon dioxide (OEM China Climate Control Greenhouse Suppliers - fivesteeltech) laser ablation with fractional photothermolysis.OEM China Round Black Tube Factory - fivesteeltech(Fraxel Re:pair)OEM China Round Black Tube Suppliers - fivesteeltech. Materials and methods Nine patients underwent one full-face treatment. The energy levels ranged from 30-70 mJ with coverage between 30% and 45%.Wholesale China Welded Pipe Manufacturers - fivesteeltech,OEM China Greenhouse Frame Exporter - fivesteeltech, wrinkles, enlarged pores,Supply China Climate Control Greenhouse Manufacturers - fivesteeltech,OEM China Mild Steel Round Tube OEM/ODM Quotes - fivesteeltech-treatment. Standardized photographs using the Canfield Visia CR system® were assessed by two independent observers. Subjective improvement was assessed by patient questionnaires. Results Nine Chinese patients (skin types III and IV, mean age 44.8) were included.Supply China Round Black Tube Factory - fivesteeltech,OEM China Mild Steel Round Tube Factory - fivesteeltech, wrinkles, enlarged pores, and acne scars. The post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation rate was 55.5% and 11.1%Supply China Climate Control Greenhouse Exporter - fivesteeltech-treatment, respectively. Eighty-Supply China Mild Steel Round Tube Exporter - fivesteeltech. Conclusion Supply China Welded Pipe Exporter - fivesteeltech.Supply China Climate Control Greenhouse Suppliers - fivesteeltech, in view of the high post-OEM China Greenhouse Frame OEM/ODM Quotes - fivesteeltech,Wholesale China Round Black Tube Suppliers - fivesteeltech-Wholesale China Greenhouse Frame Suppliers - fivesteeltech.
ChemInform Abstract: Microbial Hydrolysis as a Potent Method for the Preparation of Optically Active Nitriles, Amides, and Carboxylic Acids. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Catalases protect cellular proteins from oxidative modification in (2005)

The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells had higher antioxidant enzyme activities under growth in ethanol than that in glucose as a carbon and energy source. The correlations between catalase activity and protein carbonyl level (r(2)=0.857), between catalase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities (r(2)=0.924) and between protein carbonyl levels and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity (r(2)=0.988) under growth in ethanol were found. Growing in ethanol the strain deficient in cytosolic and peroxisomal catalases had 7.1-fold higher level of carbonyl proteins than that of wild-type strain. Our data suggest that in vivo catalases may protect glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase against oxidative inactivation.
Genetic engineering approach to develop next-generation reagents for endotoxin quantification (2016)

The bacterial endotoxin test, which uses amebocyte lysate reagents of horseshoe crab origin, is a sensitive, reproducible and simple assay to measure endotoxin concentration. To develop sustainable raw materials for lysate reagents that do not require horseshoe crabs, three recombinant protease zymogens (factor C, derived from mammalian cells; factor B; and the proclotting enzyme derived from insect cells) were prepared using a genetic engineering technique. Recombinant cascade reagents (RCRs) were then prepared to reconstruct the reaction cascade in the amebocyte lysate reagent. The protease activity of the RCR containing recombinant factor C was much greater than that of recombinant factor C alone, indicating the efficiency of signal amplification in the cascade. Compared with the RCR containing the insect cell-derived factor C, those containing mammalian cell-derived factor C, which features different glycosylation patterns, were less susceptible to interference by the injectable drug components. The standard curve of the RCR containing mammalian cell-derived recombinant factor C had a steeper slope than the curves for those containing natural lysate reagents, suggesting a greater sensitivity to endotoxin. The present study supports the future production of recombinant reagents that do not require the use of natural resources.
Vergleichende Untersuchungen über das Phosphataufnahmevermögen ausgewählter Bakterienarten (1988)

Abstract The P‐uptake by Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli is determined in batch culture with peptone/glucose/sodium chloride or peptone/acetate/sodium chloride as substrate at 60 to 120 mg/1 orthophosphate for 20 h with cell densities of 2 · 10 7 /ml ( Acinetobacter ) or 1.2 · 10 9 . The measurements were carried out by means of an Na 2 HPO 4 ( 32 P) addition of 95 to 420 kBq. During the stationary phase the bacteria achieved the following P‐contents in the biomass in fg/g bacterium: Acinetobacter 6 to 13, Pseudomonas 0.2 to 0.6, Escherichia 0.04 to 0.09; during the phase of growth Acinetobacter achieved 40 to 100 fg/bacterium. Acetate as the substrate did not result in any increase of the P‐uptake. The maximum accumulation with Acinetobacter was 13 % P in the dry substance.