gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recognition of Neisseria meningitidis by the Long Pentraxin PTX3 and Its Role as an Endogenous Adjuvant (2015)

Long pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is a non-redundant component of the humoral arm of innate immunity. The present study was designed to investigate the interaction of PTX3 with Neisseria meningitidis. PTX3 bound acapsular meningococcus, Neisseria-derived outer membrane vesicles (OMV) and 3 selected meningococcal antigens (GNA0667, GNA1030 and GNA2091). PTX3-recognized microbial moieties are conserved structures which fulfil essential microbial functions. Ptx3-deficient mice had a lower antibody response in vaccination protocols with OMV and co-administration of PTX3 increased the antibody response, particularly in Ptx3-deficient mice. Administration of PTX3 reduced the bacterial load in infant rats challenged with Neisseria meningitidis. These results suggest that PTX3 recognizes a set of conserved structures from Neisseria meningitidis and acts as an amplifier/endogenous adjuvant of responses to this bacterium.
Dynamic Control and Mitigation of Interdependent IT Security Risks (2010)

Security risk management for information technology-based organizations has become increasingly important in recent years. However, the risk assessment and mitigation strategies that these organizations employ have remained relatively ad hoc and qualitative. In this paper, we extend a quantitative framework for risk assessment called Risk-Rank to include risk mitigation through Markov Decision Processes. By doing so, we provide an analysis-to-action quantitative approach to security risk management, enabling IT managers to perform more comprehensive evaluations of their risk exposures. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach through an example related to the patching of computers in a corporate network.
The Raman spectra of left-handed DNA oligomers incorporating adenine-thymine base pairs (1984)

Raman spectra were obtained from single crystals of [d(CGCATGCG)]2 and [d(m5CGTAm5CG)]2, both of which incorporate A-T pairs into Z-DNA structures and contain C2'-endo/syn conformers of deoxyguanosine at the oligonucleotide ends. Correlation with x-ray results permits the following Raman assignments for nucleoside conformers: C3'-endo/syn G, 623 +/- 1; C2'-endo/syn G, 671 +/- 2; C2'-endo/anti C, 782 +/- 1; C2'endo/anti T, 650 +/- 5 and ca. 750; C3'-endo/syn A, 729 +/- 1 cm-1. These results show that (i) the 670 cm-1 line of syn G is highly sensitive to the change from C3'-endo to C2'-endo pucker, (ii) the 729 cm-1 line of A is affected neither by furanose pucker nor glycosidic bond orientation and (iii) the 1200-1500 cm-1 region of the Raman spectrum of the A-T double helix is greatly altered by the B-to-Z transition. Conformation sensitive Raman frequencies in the 850-1700 cm-1 region are identified for both octamer and hexamer, and the Z-to-B transition of each is monitored by spectral changes which occur upon dissolving the crystal in H2O solution.
Final Report for Lith 112 High-NA Optics for the Micro-Exposure Tool (MET) (2001)

No abstract prepared.
A RADIOLOGIC SIGN OF LATERAL SUBLUXATION OF THE DISTAL TIBIAL EPIPHYSES (1975)

Linear calcification of the interosseus membrane at the ankle in a juvenile who has sustained an eversion/abduction injury with otherwise normal radiographs indicates that a Type I injury has occurred to the distal tibial and fibular epiphyses, with displacement at the time of injury. This is a significant injury with the potential to cause growth arrest of the tibial epiphyseal plate.
Framework (2000)

The switch to a proportional representation system was undoubtedly the great novelty of the 1999 Euro-elections in the UK. The introduction of PR shifted the UK significantly closer to Continental electoral systems, although the creation of a truly uniform system for European elections, as envisaged over 40 years ago, still eludes the European Union.1
Variability in Flower Bud Number Among Peach and Nectarine Cultivars (1988)

Abstract Thirty-six peach and nectarine [ Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] cultivars were evaluated for flower bud number (flower buds/node) over 2 years. Cultivar, year, and year × cultivar effects were highly significant. Cultivars released from California breeding programs generally had fewer flower buds than those from eastern U.S. programs, suggesting that selection for cropping consistency in eastern breeding programs has resulted in release of cultivars with many flower buds. Variance component estimates from this study and from 2 years of sampling trees of ‘Redhaven’ indicates that sampling over years and increasing the number of shoots sampled per tree is warranted. Variability among trees within cultivar was low.
Steroid receptor coactivator-1 is necessary for regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone by chronic stress and glucocorticoids (2009)

Adaptation to stress in vertebrates occurs via activation of hormonal and neuronal signaling cascades in which corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) plays a central role. Expression of brain CRH is subject to strong, brain-region specific regulation by glucocorticoid hormones and neurogenic intracellular signals. We hypothesized that Steroid Receptor Coactivator 1 (SRC-1), a transcriptional coregulator of the glucocorticoid receptor, is involved in the sensitivity of CRH regulation by stress-related factors. In the brains of SRC-1 knockout mice we found basal CRH mRNA levels to be lower in the central nucleus of the amygdala. Hypothalamic CRH up-regulation after chronic (but not acute) stress, as well as region-dependent up- and down-regulation induced by synthetic glucocorticoids, were significantly attenuated compared with wild type. The impaired induction of the crh gene by neurogenic signals was corroborated in AtT-20 cells, where siRNA and overexpression experiments showed that SRC-1 is necessary for full induction of a CRH promoter reporter gene by forskolin, suggestive of involvement of transcription factor CREB. In conclusion, SRC-1 is involved in positive and negative regulation of the crh gene, and an important factor for the adaptive capacity of stress.
Avatar Type Affects Performance of Cognitive Tasks in Virtual Reality (2019)

Current consumer virtual reality applications typically represent the user by an avatar comprising a simple head/torso and decoupled hands. In the prior work of Steed et al. it was shown that the presence or absence of an avatar could have a significant impact on the cognitive load of the user. We extend that work in two ways. First they only used a full-body avatar with articulated arms, so we add a condition with hands-only representation similar to the majority of current consumer applications. Second we provide a real-world benchmark so as to start to get at the impact of using any immersive system. We validate the prior results: real and full body avatar performance on a memory task is significantly better than no avatar. However the hands only condition is not significantly different than either these two extremes. We discuss why this might be, in particular we discuss the potential for a individual variation in response to the embodiment level.
MECHANISMS OF MYOCARDIAL PROTECTION BY AMINO ACIDS: FACTS AND HYPOTHESES (1996)

1. Positive inotropic effect of taurine and improvement of cardiac performance of failing heart are mediated through the modulation of Ca2+ movement through the sarcolemma. 2. Cardioprotection with glutamate and aspartate is related to enhanced anaerobic energy formation in mitochondria coupled with succinate formation and, probably, with the relieving of glycolytic flux. During reperfusion, both amino acids replenish the malate-aspartate shuttle reactants, thereby facilitating glucose oxidation. 3. Increased intracellular concentrations of branched chain amino acids (leucine, valine and isoleusine) stimulate formation of acetyl-coenzyme (CoA) and succinyl-CoA and, thus, recovery of oxidative metabolism. 4. Methionine and cysteine enhance force of contraction by N-methylation of membrane phospholipids of the sarcolemma and sarcoplasmic reticulum. Methionine and, to a lesser extent, cysteine may reduce myocardial damage by oxygen radical species. 5. Histidine exerts antioxidant properties as a scavenger of singlet oxygen and OH radicals. High concentrations of histidine provide intracellular buffering to stimulate anaerobic energy formation.
FY-2010 Process Monitoring Technology Final Report (2011)

During FY 2010, work under the Spectroscopy-Based Process Monitoring task included ordering and receiving four fluid flow meters and four flow visible-near infrared spectrometer cells to be instrumented within the centrifugal contactor system at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). Initial demonstrations of real-time spectroscopic measurements on cold-stream simulants were conducted using plutonium (Pu)/uranium (U) (PUREX) solvent extraction process conditions. The specific test case examined the extraction of neodymium nitrate (Nd(NO3)3) from an aqueous nitric acid (HNO3) feed into a tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP)/ n-dodecane solvent. Demonstration testing of this system included diverting a sample from the aqueous feed meanwhile monitoring the process in every phase using the on-line spectroscopic process monitoring system. The purpose of this demonstration was to test whether spectroscopic monitoring is capable of determining the mass balance of metal nitrate species involved in a cross-current solvent extraction scheme while also diverting a sample from the system. The diversion scenario involved diverting a portion of the feed from a counter-current extraction system while a continuous extraction experiment was underway. A successful test would demonstrate the ability of the process monitoring system to detect and quantify the diversion of material from the system during a real-time continuous solvent extraction experiment. The system was designed to mimic a PUREX-type extraction process with a bank of four centrifugal contactors. The aqueous feed contained Nd(NO3)3 in HNO3, and the organic phase was composed of TBP/n-dodecane. The amount of sample observed to be diverted by on-line spectroscopic process monitoring was measured to be 3 mmol (3 x 10-3 mol) Nd3+. This value was in excellent agreement with the 2.9 mmol Nd3+ value based on the known mass of sample taken (i.e., diverted) directly from the system feed solution.
Cyber-Physical Scheduling for Predictable Reliability of Inter-Vehicle Communications (2018)

Predictable inter-vehicle communication reliability is a basis for the paradigm shift from the traditional singlevehicle-oriented safety and efficiency control to networked vehicle control. The lack of predictable interference control in existing mechanisms of inter-vehicle communications, however, makes them incapable of ensuring predictable communication reliability. For predictable interference control, we propose the Cyber-Physical Scheduling (CPS) framework that leverages the PRK interference model and addresses the challenges of vehicle mobility to PRK-based scheduling. In particular, for lightweight control signaling and effective interference relation estimation, CPS leverages the physical locations of vehicles to define the gPRK interference model as a geometric approximation of the PRK model; for effective use of the gPRK model, CPS leverages cyber-physical structures of vehicle traffic flows, particularly, the spatiotemporal interference correlation as well as the macroand micro-scopic vehicle dynamics. Through experimental analysis with high-fidelity ns-3 and SUMO simulation, we observe that CPS enables predictable reliability while achieving high throughput and low delay in communication. To the best of our knowledge, CPS is the first field-deployable method that ensures predictable interference control and thus reliability in inter-vehicle communications.
Word Stemming to Enhance Spam Filtering. (2004)

Generally a content based spam filter works on words and phrases of email text and if it finds offensive content it gives that email a numerical value (depending on the content). After crossing a certain threshold, that email may be considered as SPAM. This technique works well only if the offensive words are lexically correct. That means the words must be valid words with correct spelling. Otherwise most content based spam filters will be unable to detect offensive words. In this paper, we showed that if we use some sort of word stemming or word hashing technique that can extract the base or stem of a misspelled or modified word, the efficiency of any content based spam filter can be significantly improved. Here we presented a simple rule -based word stemming algorithm specifically designed for spam detection and showed some experimental results to corroborate our claim.
Modelling hyphal growth of the bioincising fungus Physisporinus vitreus (2010)

The white-rot fungus Physisporinus vitreus preferentially degrades the pit membranes of bordered pits in tracheids and subsequently enhances wood permeability. Thus, P. vitreus can be used to improve the uptake of wood preservatives and environmentally-benign wood modification substances. This process can be used to enhance the use and sustainability of native conifer wood species by the wood industry. Mathematical modelling in combination with laboratory experiments is a powerful and efficient investigation method that enables a deeper insight into complex interactions between biological systems and their environment. The objective of mathematical modelling is not to develop an extremely complex system of equations in an attempt to mimic reality. Rather, it is applied to reduce a complex (biological) system into a simpler (mathematical) system that can be analyzed in more detail and from which key properties can be identified, isolated and investigated. In addition, a verified mathematical model enables to optimize hyphal growth and impact of the P. vitreus. Enhanced uptake of wood preservatives and environmentally-benign wood modification substances of Norway spruce wood and optimized quality control processes would be of importance for the usability, durability and sustainability of wooden structures in civil engineering. In this paper we present a mathematical model of hyphal growth and expansion of P. vitreus in heartwood of Norway spruce. The model enables to investigate the global penetration front of the fungus in wood as function of the control parameters as well as its shape and penetration depth. This model will serve to assist the choice of pellet concentration and reaction times that are required to induce a defined degree of wood permeability by the fungus.
Automated Via Detection for PCB Reverse Engineering (2020)

Abstract Reverse engineering (RE) is the only foolproof method of establishing trust and assurance in hardware. This is especially important in today's climate, where new threats are arising daily. A Printed Circuit Board (PCB) serves at the heart of virtually all electronic systems and, for that reason, a precious target amongst attackers. Therefore, it is increasingly necessary to validate and verify these hardware boards both accurately and efficiently. When discussing PCBs, the current state-of-the-art is non-destructive RE through X-ray Computed Tomography (CT); however, it remains a predominantly manual process. Our work in this paper aims at paving the way for future developments in the automation of PCB RE by presenting automatic detection of vias, a key component to every PCB design. We provide a via detection framework that utilizes the Hough circle transform for the initial detection, and is followed by an iterative false removal process developed specifically for detecting vias. We discuss the challenges of detecting vias, our proposed solution, and lastly, evaluate our methodology not only from an accuracy perspective but the insights gained through iteratively removing false-positive circles as well. We also compare our proposed methodology to an off-the-shelf implementation with minimal adjustments of Mask R-CNN; a fast object detection algorithm that, although is not optimized for our application, is a reasonable deep learning model to measure our work against. The Mask R-CNN we utilize is a network pretrained on MS COCO followed by fine tuning/training on prepared PCB via images. Finally, we evaluate our results on two datasets, one PCB designed in house and another commercial PCB, and achieve peak results of 0.886, 0.936, 0.973, for intersection over union (IoU), Dice Coefficient, and Structural Similarity Index. These results vastly outperform our tuned implementation of Mask R-CNN.
Corrosion-Induced Fracture of a Double-Modular Hip Prosthesis (2010)

Atwood, Sara A. MS; Patten, Eli W. MS; Bozic, Kevin J. MD; Pruitt, Lisa A. PhD; Ries, Michael D. MD Author Information
EXPRESSION IN ONTOGENESIS OF HUMAN BLOOD COAGULATION FACTORS (1987)

We have analyzed the expression of several blood coagulation factors (IX, VIII, X, fibrinogen chains) and inhibitors (antithrombin III, protein C) in human embryonic and fetal livers, obtained from legal abortions at 6-11 week post-conception. The age was established by morphologic staging and particularly crown-rump lenght measurement. Total cellular RNA was isolated from partially purified hepatocytes or total liver homogenate using the guanidine isothiocyanate method. Poly(A)+ RNA was selected by oligodT cellulose chromatography. The size and the number of the embryonic and fetal transcripts are equivalent to those observed in adult liver, as evaluated by Northern blot analysis of total or poly(A)+ RNA hybridized to human cDNA probes. The level of coagulation factor transcripts in embryonic and fetal liver was evaluated by dot hybridization of total RNA (0.5-10 ug), as compared to RNA extracted from normal adult liver biopsies. The expression of blood coagulation factors in embryos is generally reduced for all factors, but at a different degree. In 5-11 wk liver, the level of factor IX is 5-10% of that observed in adults, while fibrinogen, protein C, antithrombin III RNA level rises from 25 to 50% and factor X is expressed at a level comparable to that observed in adult liver. We conclude that during these stages of development blood coagulation factors are expressed according to three different time, curves, possibly due to the effect of different types of regulatory mechanisms.
Overview on Multienzymatic Cascades for the Production of Non-canonical α-Amino Acids (2020)

The 22 genetically encoded amino acids (AAs) present in proteins (the 20 standard AAs together with selenocysteine and pyrrolysine), are commonly referred as proteinogenic AAs in the literature due to their appearance in ribosome-synthetized polypeptides. Beyond the borders of this key set of compounds, the rest of AAs are generally named imprecisely as non-proteinogenic AAs, even when they can also appear in polypeptide chains as a result of post-transductional machinery. Besides their importance as metabolites in life, many of D-α- and L-α-"non-canonical" amino acids (NcAAs) are of interest in the biotechnological and biomedical fields. They have found numerous applications in the discovery of new medicines and antibiotics, drug synthesis, cosmetic, and nutritional compounds, or in the improvement of protein and peptide pharmaceuticals. In addition to the numerous studies dealing with the asymmetric synthesis of NcAAs, many different enzymatic pathways have been reported in the literature allowing for the biosynthesis of NcAAs. Due to the huge heterogeneity of this group of molecules, this review is devoted to provide an overview on different established multienzymatic cascades for the production of non-canonical D-α- and L-α-AAs, supplying neophyte and experienced professionals in this field with different illustrative examples in the literature. Whereas the discovery of new or newly designed enzymes is of great interest, dusting off previous enzymatic methodologies by a "<i>back and to the future</i>" strategy might accelerate the implementation of new or improved multienzymatic cascades.
Design of a Plug-in Frequency Domain Based Repetitive Current Controller for Three Phase PWM Boost Recti er Under Distorted and Unbalanced (2008)

This paper presents a dual frame control scheme with a digital plug-in frequency domain based repetitive con- troller (FDRC) for minimizing the even order harmonics at the output dc link voltage and odd order harmonics in the line currents under the distorted and unbalanced sup- ply voltage conditions. In the proposed control scheme, the algorithm of the reference current calculation is to make sure that the dc link voltage is maintained constant and the supply side power factor is kept close to unity. The plug-in repetitive controller is designed to achieve line side currents with low THD for the three phase PWM boost rectifier. The experimental test results obtained from a 1.6 kVA lab- oratory based PWM rectifier confirm that the ripples at the dc link voltage can be reduced to 0.5% and the THD of the line side current can be minimized to 3.75% by using the proposed control scheme.
Vaccines against hantaviruses (2002)

Rodent-borne hantaviruses are etiologic agents for hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome in the Old World and New World, respectively. These often severe diseases are relatively uncommon in most parts of the world and are sufficiently genetically variable that widely cross-protective vaccines will probably need to be polyvalent. The current status of hantavirus vaccines shall be reviewed and both conventional and speculative new vaccine technologies that may evolve within the field shall be considered.
ПУТИ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ КАЧЕСТВА ПРИ ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕ СИНТЕТИЧЕСКИХ ВОЛОКОН (2016)

В статье затронуты проблемы связанные с производством синтетических волокон, главным критерием при производстве которых является качество и стабильность характеристик. Одним из способов сохранения высокого качества нити является продления срока службы дозирующих шестеренчатых насосов. Решением этой проблемы может стать переход от группового управления насосами к индивидуальному приводу каждого насоса на базе тихоходной электрической машины, а так же непрерывному контролю качества нити. Таким образом, за счет индивидуального регулирования частоты вращения насоса планируется в 2 раза продлить ресурс его работы и добиться повышения качества нити.
Cyclic AMP may not be involved in catabolite repression in Saccharomyes cerevisiae: evidence from mutants capable of utilizing it as an adenine source (1982)

Mutants able to utilize 5'-AMP or cyclic AMP as the adenine source were isolated from an ade6 ade10 double mutant by ethyl methane sulfonate mutagenesis. A single amp1 mutation, primarily selected on 5'-AMP medium, confers the phenotype for utilization of exogenous 5'-AMP as the adenine source. From the ade6 ade10 amp1 triple mutant, a mutant able to utilize cyclic AMP was isolated, and the mutant phenotype was proven to be due to the simultaneous occurrence of triple mutations designated as cam1, cam2, and cam3. The cam3 mutation, but not cam1 or cam2, also confers the phenotype for utilizing 5'-AMP, the same phenotype as the amp1 mutation. All of these mutations are recessive to the respective wild-type counterparts. Cells having the ade6 ade10 amp1 cam1 cam2 cam3 genotype showed significant ability to take up exogenous cyclic AMP, whereas no differences were observed in cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase activity in comparison with that of the original strains used in the mutant isolation. Since glucose severely repressed galactokinase synthesis in the constitutive GAL81 mutant having the ade6 ade10 amp1 cam1 cam2 cam3 genotype, irrespective of the presence or absence of cyclic AMP in the medium, it was suggested that cyclic AMP is not involved in the mechanism of catabolite repression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It does, however, have a stimulative effect on the galactokinase synthesis in the GAL81 mutant in the absence of glucose.