gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acute Effects of Inhaled Urban Particles and Ozone (1998)

We studied acute responses of rat lungs to inhalation of urban particulate matter and ozone. Exposure to particles (40 mg/m3 for 4 hours; mass median aerodynamic diameter, 4 to 5 microm; Ottawa urban dust, EHC-93), followed by 20 hours in clean air, did not result in acute lung injury. Nevertheless, inhalation of particles resulted in decreased production of nitric oxide (nitrite) and elevated secretion of macrophage inflammatory protein-2 from lung lavage cells. Inhalation of ozone (0.8 parts per million for 4 hours) resulted in increased neutrophils and protein in lung lavage fluid. Ozone alone also decreased phagocytosis and nitric oxide production and stimulated endothelin-1 secretion by lung lavage cells but did not modify secretion of macrophage inflammatory protein-2. Co-exposure to particles potentiated the ozone-induced septal cellularity in the central acinus but without measurable exacerbation of the ozone-related alveolar neutrophilia and permeability to protein detected by lung lavage. The enhanced septal thickening was associated with elevated production of both macrophage inflammatory protein-2 and endothelin-1 by lung lavage cells. Interestingly, inhalation of urban particulate matter increased the plasma levels of endothelin-1, but this response was not influenced by the synergistic effects of ozone and particles on centriacinar septal tissue changes. This suggests an impact of the distally distributed particulate dose on capillary endothelial production or filtration of the vasoconstrictor. Overall, equivalent patterns of effects were observed after a single exposure or three consecutive daily exposures to the pollutants. The experimental data are consistent with epidemiological evidence for acute pulmonary effects of ozone and respirable particulate matter and suggest a possible mechanism whereby cardiovascular effects may be induced by particle exposure. In a broad sense, acute biological effects of respirable particulate matter from ambient air appear related to paracrine/endocrine disruption mechanisms.
Inhibition of sodium-dependent phosphate transporter NaPi2b function with MX35 antibody (2011)

Sodium-dependent phosphate transporter NaPi2b is involved in transport of inorganic phosphate and the maintenance of phosphate homeostasis in human body. NaPi2b was recently identified as a marker of ovarian cancer, termed MX35. Monoclonal antibody (mAb) against transporter NaPi2b, called MX35, demonstrated therapeutic efficacy in radioimmunotherapy of patients with ovarian cancer. Aim. The present experiments explored whether MX35 antibody can affect function of NaPi2b to transport inorganic phosphate ions in cellular models. Methods. HEK293 cells stably expressing wild type NaPi2b and mutant NaPi2b_T330V, which could not be recognized by MX35 antibody, were incubated with MX35 antibody and analyzed by phosphate uptake assay. Results. Cells expressing wild type NaPi2b showed reduced phosphate uptake after incubation with MX35 antibody at concentration 50 g/ml. No significant changes in phosphate transport were detected for cells expressing NaPi2b_T330V at the same experimental conditions. Conclusions. Our results demonstrate 1,8-fold decrease of NaPi2b-mediated phosphate transport in HEK293 cells stably expressing wild type NaPi2b after MX35 antibody application, which can be considered as a specific inhibitor of NaPi2b function.
Integration of logic synthesis and high-level synthesis into the DIADES design automation system (2003)

A description is presented of the high-level and logic synthesis stages in the digital design automation system DIADES. High level design, namely, data path synthesis, and control unit synthesis start from a parallel program graph, the form of description that includes both the control-flow and the data-flow graph. While the data path is allocated and scheduled, the control unit is designed to be composed of either microprogrammed units or finite-state machines. The latter are minimized in two dimensions (states and inputs), assigned and realized in logic. Several logic synthesis procedures, respective to various design styles and methodologies, can be used to design combinational parts of state machines, microprogrammed units, and data path logic.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
RAF-Mutant Melanomas Differentially Depend on ERK2 Over ERK1 to Support Aberrant MAPK Pathway Activation and Cell Proliferation (2021)

Abstract Half of advanced human melanomas are driven by mutant BRAF and dependent on MAPK signaling. Interestingly, the results of three independent genetic screens highlight a dependency of BRAF-mutant melanoma cell lines on BRAF and ERK2, but not ERK1. ERK2 is expressed higher in melanoma compared with other cancer types and higher than ERK1 within melanoma. However, ERK1 and ERK2 are similarly required in primary human melanocytes transformed with mutant BRAF and are expressed at a similar, lower amount compared with established cancer cell lines. ERK1 can compensate for ERK2 loss as seen by expression of ERK1 rescuing the proliferation arrest mediated by ERK2 loss (both by shRNA or inhibition by an ERK inhibitor). ERK2 knockdown, as opposed to ERK1 knockdown, led to more robust suppression of MAPK signaling as seen by RNA-sequencing, qRT-PCR, and Western blot analysis. In addition, treatment with MAPK pathway inhibitors led to gene expression changes that closely resembled those seen upon knockdown of ERK2 but not ERK1. Together, these data demonstrate that ERK2 drives BRAF-mutant melanoma gene expression and proliferation as a function of its higher expression compared with ERK1. Selective inhibition of ERK2 for the treatment of melanomas may spare the toxicity associated with pan-ERK inhibition in normal tissues. Implications: BRAF-mutant melanomas overexpress and depend on ERK2 but not ERK1, suggesting that ERK2-selective inhibition may be toxicity sparing.
On the Computation of Power in Volume Integral Equation Formulations (2014)

We present simple and stable formulas for computing power (including absorbed/radiated, scattered and extinction power) in current-based volume integral equation formulations. The proposed formulas are given in terms of vector-matrix-vector products of quantities found solely in the associated linear system. In addition to their efficiency, the derived expressions can guarantee the positivity of the computed power. We also discuss the application of Poynting's theorem for the case of sources immersed in dissipative materials. The formulas are validated against results obtained both with analytical and numerical methods for scattering and radiation benchmark cases.
Alternative theoretical frameworks for finite horizon discrete-time stochastic optimal control (1977)

This talk will provide highlights of recent research aimed at constructing a unifying and mathematically rigorous theory of dynamic programming and stochastic optimal control. Stochastic optimal control problems are usually analyzed under one of three types of assumptions: a) Countability assumptions on the underlying probability space - this eliminates all difficulties of measure theoretic nature, b) Semicontinuity assumptions under which the existence of Borel measurable policies can be guaranteed (Maitra, Shä, Freedman), and c) Borel measurability assumptions under which the existence of p-optimal or p-ε-optimal Borel measurable policies can be guaranteed (Blackwell, Strauch). We introduce a general theoretical framework based on outer integration which contains these three models as special cases. Within this framework all known results for finite horizon problems together with some new ones are proved and subsequently specialized. The long-standing measure theoretic difficulties in the Borel space model of Blackwell and Strauch are traced to inadequacies in the class of Borel measurable policies. An important new feature of our specialization to this model is the expansion of the class of admissible policies to include all universally measurable policies. We show that everywhere optimal or nearly optimal policies exist within this class and this enables us to dispense with the notion of p-optimality. Furthermore by utilizing the extra flexibility afforded by universally measurable policies we are able to provide for the first time a satisfactory and mathematically rigorous treatment of problems of imperfect state information using sufficient statistics. The measurability properties which a satisfactory class of policies must have are also delineated. The minimal class of policies with these properties is constructed and shown to lie strictly between the classes of Borel measurable and universally measurable policies. A detailed treatment appears in papers available from the authors on request, as well as in the authors' monograph Stochastic Optimal Control: The Discrete-Time Case, to be published by Academic Press in the summer of 1978.
Development of a Binary fMRI-BCI for Alzheimer Patients: A Semantic Conditioning Paradigm Using Affective Unconditioned Stimuli (2013)

With the aim of developing a brain-computer interface for the communication of basic mental states, a classical conditioning paradigm with affective stimuli was used, assessing the possibility to discriminate between affirmative and negative thinking in an fMRI-BCI setting. 6 Alzheimer patients and 7 healthy control subjects participated to the study. Congruent and incongruent word-pairs were respectively associated to pleasant (baby laughter) and unpleasant (scream) affective stimuli. A Support Vector Machine classifier focusing on insula, amygdala and anterior cingulate cortex was used to discriminate between the activations relative to congruent and incongruent word-pairs (eliciting respectively affirmative and negative thinking), following the conditioning process. Classification accuracy was on average 71% for Alzheimer patients, reaching 85%, and on average 69% for control subjects, reaching 83%. This study shows that it is possible to extract information on individuals' mental states by exploiting affective responses, overcoming the typical obstacles of traditional BCIs, which generally require time-consuming trainings and intact cognition.
Ray tracing 3D spectral scenes through human optics models (2019)

Scientists and engineers have created computations and made measurements that characterize the first steps of seeing. ISETBio software integrates such computations and data into an open-source software package. The initial ISETBio implementations modeled image formation (physiological optics) for planar or distant scenes. The ISET3d software described here extends that implementation, simulating image formation for three-dimensional scenes. The software system relies on a quantitative computer graphics program that ray traces the scene radiance through the physiological optics to the retinal irradiance. We describe and validate the implementation for several model eyes. Then, we use the software to quantify the impact of several physiological optics parameters on three-dimensional image formation. ISET3d is integrated with ISETBio, making it straightforward to convert the retinal irradiance into cone excitations. These methods help the user compute the predictions of optics models for a wide range of spatially-rich three-dimensional scenes. They can also be used to evaluate the impact of nearby visual occlusion, the information available to binocular vision, or the retinal images expected from near-field and augmented reality displays.
Stereoselective Syntheses of Benz[f]isoindoline‐Derivatives by Intramolecular Cycloadditions of Styrenes to Olefins (1976)

Abstract The N‐allyl‐N‐cinnamyl amide 10 undergoes thermal cyclization to a 2:1‐mixture of the trans ‐ and cis ‐benz( f )isoindolines 11a and 12a . By comparison, the thermolysis of the corresponding bis‐cinnamylamide 14 proceeds in a highly stereoselective manner to give the cis ‐fused[4+2]‐adduct 16a . Similarly, the trans ‐fused stereoisomeric adducts 30a and 31a were obtained with high stereochemical control on heating the N‐allyl‐N‐diphenylallyl amide 28 . The thermal transformations 4 → 5 + 6a and 17 → 18a + 20a show the competitive formation of [2+2]‐adducts. An alternative approach to (substituted) benz[ f ]isoindolines 16 via the all‐ cis ‐isomer 24a has been developed. The described structures have been assigned on the basis of spectral evidence, chemical correlations and by X‐ray‐diffraction study of the isomer 16b . These results illustrate the utility of substituent interactions in order to direct intramolecular cyclo‐additions at will towards either endo ‐ or exo ‐products.
Relaxation and Recovery of Colon After Application of a Mechanical Stress (2013)

Introduction The colon is a soft biological tissue that exhibits complex viscoelastic behaviour. The aim of this study is to mechanically model relaxation of colonic tissue after indentation, to eventually quantify tissue recovery after stress application. Methods A single stress value of 51kPa was applied to ex vivo porcine colon for 5, 30 and 60 seconds. 20 indentations were applied to either the mucosal or muscular layers. The relaxation portion was analysed by calculating the difference between the highest and lowest force (ΔF). The Maxwell and Wiechert models were fitted to the data and compared. Histological evidence of tissue damage was assessed. Results Mean ΔF was higher with indentations at the muscular surface as compared to mucosal surface at 5 and 30s timepoints. This reversed at 60s. The Wiechert model fit improved with longer duration (30 and 60s). Evidence of histological damage was found consistently in the stressed region. Conclusion The Maxwell model is the simplest form that exhibits viscoelastic behaviour, but refining this and linking it to the anatomical tissue structure, using the Wiechert model, provides a better fit. We will now use this model in further studies correlating the model coefficients with histological damage grading.
Neuronale Netze (1991)

Vierzig Jahre, nachdem John von Neumann sein Konzept eines rechnenden, programmgesteuerten Automaten entworfen hat, setzt sich nun in der Informatik die Erkenntnis durch, daß sequentiell arbeitende Re
Leader‐following coordination problem with an uncertain leader in a multi‐agent system (2014)

A leader‐following coordination problem is considered in this study where the active leader is driven by an unknown input. With the help of output regulation and disturbance decoupling, a distributed protocol is proposed to solve this problem. Two cases are studied based on whether the bound of uncertain (disturbance) inputs of the leader is known. When the bound is unknown, an adaptive technique is employed to achieve the goal. Simulations are also given to verify the effectiveness of these controllers.
Biomimetic photonic materials derived from chitin and chitosan (2021)

Inspired by the natural hierarchical structures of chitin and cellulose found in nature, this Review summarizes recent progress to create biomimetic optical materials templated by nanochitin and compares it with developments using nanocellulose.
Wireless relays for broadband access [radio communications series] (2008)

This article presents the outlook of the overall broadband market and operators' challenges in offering profitable mass market mobile data services. The concept of wireless relaying and its state of the art are then introduced, followed by a comprehensive description of a multihop relay system for WiMAX and related use cases. The article explains the impact of relays on network planning and presents an example of deployment cost analysis in different traffic scenarios and propagation conditions. Performance results show that multihop relaying is one of the most promising technologies that enables cost-effective enhancement of coverage, user throughput, and system capacity, and is especially suitable for the emerging markets and rural areas.
Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 Expression Is Essential for Neu-Induced Breast Tumorigenesis (2005)

Previous work has shown that cyclin D1 expression is required for neu- and ras-induced, but not wnt- or c-myc-induced, breast tumorigenesis in mice. Although cyclin D1 binds and activates cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (Cdk4), thereby mediating activation of a program of E2F-dependent gene expression, it has been suggested that the oncogenic activities of cyclin D1 are independent of Cdk4. To determine whether Cdk4 expression is required for breast tumorigenesis in mice, we have generated compound mice ectopically expressing the neu or wnt oncogenes in the mammary glands of wild-type and Cdk4-/- mice. Our results show that Cdk4 expression is required for efficient neu-induced tumorigenesis but is dispensable for wnt-induced breast tumorigenesis. In contrast to results previously observed in the mammary glands of cyclin D1-/- virgin females, our results show defects in mammary gland development in Cdk4-/- virgin females, suggesting differences in compensatory mechanisms in the absence of either subunit of the cyclin D1/Cdk4 complex. These results suggest that drugs targeted to inhibit Cdk4 activities could be developed to specifically treat certain breast tumors as Cdk4 is not essential for viability.
New Results on the Brightness Matching of Heterochromatic Stimuli (1983)

In this paper the authors report extensive new data on the ratio of the luminance of an achromatic stimulus to the luminance of chromatic stimuli when the chromatic and achromatic stimuli are perceived to be brightness matches. These brightness to luminance ratios indicate that there are significant discrepancies between photometrically measured luminance and perceived brightness for heterochromatic stimuli. Major new findings are that the variability of heterochromatic matching is linearly related to the brightness to luminance ratio and that the heterochromatic match is insensitive to the ratio of surround luminance to reference luminance.
DynAMO: Dynamic Anticipatory Mesh Optimization for Hyperbolic PDEs using Reinforcement Learning (2023)

Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR) is a popular technique for improving efficiency of finite element simulations by selectively modifying resolution in different regions of the mesh based on some error estimate.For nonlinear time dependent problems (e.g., Euler equations), existing AMR techniques typically rely on error estimates that are indicative of current simulation state, while being agnostic to error propagation in future.As a result, these reactive AMR techniques require frequent mesh refinement to maintain accuracy in the solution as error cannot be removed once it has been introduced.
Assessment of 1-lead and 2-lead electrode patterns in electrical impedance endotomography (2005)

Electrical impedance endotomography (EIE) is a modality of impedance imaging where the electrodes are located on an insulating core placed at the centre of the region of interest. The absence of a physical limit to the medium surrounding the probe enables the use of remote electrodes. The present study compares the features of 2-lead measurements, where the two pairs of electrodes are located on the probe, to 1-lead measurements, where one of the two injection electrodes and one of the two sensing electrodes are located at a distance far away from the probe. The methodology was the characterization of the sensitivity matrix under the influence of electrode pattern, reconstruction radius and mesh construction. Three mesh constructions, three values of the reconstruction radius and five electrode patterns were compared. The study was carried out in 2D using calculated data. Measurement noise was simulated by an addition of 5% Gaussian white noise. The images were reconstructed using the Tikhonov method and L-curve technique. The results show that the reconstruction mesh and the radius of the reconstruction domain have less influence on the conditioning of the sensitivity matrix than the electrode pattern. Both 1-lead and 2-lead configurations enabled the reconstruction of images of relatively similar quality. Additional selection criteria are expected from hardware considerations.
Supplementary Figures 1-2 from Kidney Tumor Biomarkers Revealed by Simultaneous Multiple Matrix Metabolomics Analysis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 74K, The PPAR-alpha agonist Wy-14,643 decreases tryptophan and increases nicotinamide levels in vitro 2. The IDO inhibitor 1-MT increases tryptophan levels in vitro&lt;/p&gt;
Fine structure of the eggs of Psorophora columbiae, Ps. cingulata and Ps. ferox (Diptera : Culicidae) (1990)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Viscosity Of AL2O3 Nanofluid in Different Base Mixture Ratio (2015)

Variation of mixture ratio between water and ethylene glycol have not yet explore extensively where it can be contribute to thermal properties behavior of the nanofluids. This study considers the effect of mixture ratio of water and ethylene glycol to the viscosity using Al2O3 nanofluids. The measurement of viscosity conducted for temperature of 30, 40 and 50 oC prepared in volume concentration of 0.2 to 0.8 %. Three ratios of water to ethylene glycol (W/EG) used in the nanofluid preparations are 40:50, 50:50 and 60:40. The viscosity of Al2O3 nanofluids are increasing with increasing of particle concentration and decreasing with increasing of temperature. The maximum enhancement of nanofluids viscosity is 48.67 % at 30 oC for nanofluids in water-EG ratio of 60:40. The regression equation is developed for the range studied fitted to Al2O3 nanofluid in mixture base of W/EG.&#13;\n
Visual indoor positioning with a single camera using PnP (2015)

This paper introduces an accurate and inexpensive method for localizing a calibrated monocular camera in 3D indoor environments. The objective of this work is to localize in 6 degrees-of-freedom (6 DOF) in the presence of a 3D map that contains 3D point clouds co-registered with intensity information. This is done by solving the Perspective-n-Point (PnP) problem to accurately compute the camera location in 6 DOF. An efficient data structure is used to store a large set of point clouds co-registered with intensity information, image features, and transformations between the images. This data structure, referred to as the feature database, is implemented such that it retrieves a match for a query image efficiently. Thus the overall process of localization in 6 DOF becomes a real-time process with high efficiency and accuracy. Our technique was tested with two ground truth data sets of indoor environments, an office and a laboratory. The experimental results show the accuracy and the efficiency of our technique, with an average localization error of less than 10 mm from the ground truth in both environments. In addition, localization results on query images obtained using two different cameras in four different environments are presented. This demonstrates that any type of monocular camera may be used during localization, as long as a sufficient number of environmental features can be extracted from the query images.
Complexity-reduced geometry partition search and high efficiency prediction for video coding (2012)

To reduce the complexity of searching for wedge-based geometry partitions in video coding, we propose a texture-difference based partition line selection approach with a skipping strategy. Applying this approach can reduce the encoding time by 90% while retaining the similar rate-distortion performance to that of exhaustive searching. We also propose a background-compensated prediction scheme to improve the rate-distortion performance of the geometry partitioning prediction by reducing its motion vector overhead. Incorporating our proposed approach into object-boundary-based geometry partitioning can achieve about 10% bit-rate savings relative to the full-search approach while keeping the complexity at about the same level as our proposed complexity-reduced wedge-based geometry partitioning.