gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Estrogens: Properties, behaviors, and fate in dairy manure-amended soils (2017)

In 2012 there were 63% fewer dairies in the United States than there were in 1997 as a result of conglomeration of the dairy industry into concentrated animal feeding operations at the expense of smaller farms. Today, 60% of all milk produced in the United States comes from 5% of the nation’s dairies (operations with ≥ 500 cows). Concentrated animal feeding operations are touted as economically efficient agricultural business models, hailed for their increased milk yields. Yet, with an average daily manure production of over 27 000 kg for a 500-head dairy farm, manure storage and disposal are serious management and environmental concerns. A common economical mode of manure disposal is application to nearby agricultural fields. However, a major concern with land application of dairy manure is the fate of manure-borne hormones, compounds considered chemicals of emerging concern, and the potential threat these hormones pose to humans and the environment. The fate of these chemicals in the soil environment is complicated by multiple edaphic variables including pH, mineralogy, organic matter, microbial activity, and redox status. Estrogens are sorbed by soil organic matter and transformed to nonbioactive, highly soluble conjugated forms or to metabolites that exhibit yet additional properties distinct from their parent compounds. However, deconjugation frequently occurs, regenerating endocrine-disrupting free estrogen compounds. It is challenging to fully understand the behavior and predict the fate of estrogenic compounds from dairy manure in soils because of variable and complex interactions with soil factors, as well as possible interactions among the different chemicals of emerging concern. This review focuses on the behavior of naturally occurring estrogen hormones present in dairy manure in the soil environment. Heightened understanding of the fate of these compounds in soil will enhance our ability to reduce their potential risks.
Size Dependence of Laser-Photophoretic Efficiency of Polystyrene Microparticles in Water (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTSize Dependence of Laser-Photophoretic Efficiency of Polystyrene Microparticles in WaterHideaki. Monjushiro, Aya Hirai, and Hitoshi WataraiView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan Cite this: Langmuir 2000, 16, 22, 8539–8542Publication Date (Web):October 5, 2000Publication History Received15 February 2000Revised18 July 2000Published online5 October 2000Published inissue 1 October 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la000226fhttps://doi.org/10.1021/la000226fbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views433Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Aromatic compounds,Hydrocarbons,Lasers,Light,Microparticles Get e-Alerts
An improvement of IEEE 802.15.4 MAC protocol in high-density wireless sensor networks (2015)

This paper proposes a new backoff algorithm for IEEE 802.15.4 MAC protocolin high-density wireless sensor networks, which is based on two-level channel information mined by nodes locally, namely channel busyness rate and packet collision rate. According to the two-level periodical renewing information, each node can achieve real-time and comprehensive network traffic load status, and then the node adjusts backoff window properly to maximize the channel utilization. In order to avoid packet congestion, backoff window of each node shrinks linearly rather than exponentially as traffic load is sensed light, which can make transmission probability of nodes fluctuate around the optimal probability for p-persistent CSMA model. Compared with IEEE 802.15.4 standard and KBE algorithm, the simulation experiments on NS-2 platform show that our proposed scheme significantly improve the network throughput.
Ethanol production from lignocellulose (2023)

This invention presents a method of improving enzymatic degradation of lignocellulose, as in the production of ethanol from lignocellulosic material, through the use of ultrasonic treatment. The invention shows that ultrasonic treatment reduces cellulase requirements by 1/3 to 1/2. With the cost of enzymes being a major problem in the cost-effective production of ethanol from lignocellulosic material, this invention presents a significant improvement over presently available methods.
A Performance Study of Query Optimization Algorithms on a Database System Supporting Procedures (1988)

Abstract relational model. POSTGRES allows fields of a relation to have pro-cedural (executable) objects. POSTQUEL is the query language supporting access to these fields, and in this paper we consider the optimizing process for such queries. The simplest algorithm for optimization assumes that the procedural objects are executed in full, whenever needed. As a refinement to this basic process, we pro-pose an algorithm wherein cost savings are achieved by modifying the procedural queries before executing them. In another direction of refinement, we consider the cach-ing of the materialized results. Two caching strategies-caching in tuples, and separate caching-are considered. The fifth algorithm is flattening, where a POSTQUEL query is modified into an equivalent flat query, and then optimized through a traditional optimizer. We study the relative performances of these algorithms under varying conditions and parameters. Our results show that caching wins when updates do not occur with a high frequency, and that separate caching is, in general, better than cach-ing in tuples. We further show that when the composition of the objects in the procedural field is predictable and parameterizable, flattening is a good option. 1.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Studies in Carbohydrates. Part 93. Synthetic Antigens: Synthesis of 4‐Aminophenyl O‐α‐D‐Mannopyranosyl‐(1 → 2)‐O‐ α‐D‐mannopyranosyl‐(1 → 6)‐O‐α‐D‐mannopyranoside and A Related Di‐ and a Trisaccharide. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Sampling of graph signals: Successive local aggregations at a single node (2015)

A new scheme to sample bandlimited graph signals is proposed. The signals are defined in the nodes of a graph and admit a sparse representation in a frequency domain related to the structure of the graph, which is captured by the so- called graph-shift operator. Most of the existing works focused on using the value of the signal observed at a subset of nodes to recover the signal in the entire graph. Differently, the sampling scheme proposed here uses as input observations taken at a single node. The observations correspond to sequential applications of the graph-shift operator, which are linear combinations of the information gathered by the neighbors of the node. When the graph corresponds to a directed cycle, which is the support of time-varying signals, our method is equivalent to the classical sampling in the time domain. When the graph is more general, we show that the Vandermonde structure of the sampling matrix, which plays a critical role in guaranteeing recovery when sampling time-varying signals, is preserved.
Practical Clinical Measurement of Radiotracer Concentration in Blood: Initial Device Concept and Feasibility Testing (2018)

Kinetic analysis of PET data requires continuous measurement of radioactivity in the arterial blood throughout the acquisition time, termed the arterial input function. The arterial input function is used as an input to compartmental modeling, which can be a better predictor of disease progression than SUV measurements from static PET images. Current common methods of measuring blood concentrations include image-derived, population-based, and manual sampling. These all have challenges due to logistical and technologic issues, as well as patient burden. The aim of this study was to design, develop, and assess a device that is practical and effective for the routine measurement of β-emitting radiotracer concentration in blood without the drawbacks of current methods and for which metabolite analysis is not required. <b>Methods:</b> Designs that integrated a scintillating fiber and a silicon photomultiplier with a general-purpose venous access catheter for in vivo measurement were considered. Other design requirements included miniaturization, high sampling rates, and stopping power for β-particles. Preliminary prototypes were designed to test the feasibility of the concept. Phantom tests were developed to mimic human vasculature. Tests of linearity, sensitivity, signal-to-noise ratios, the impact of vein diameter, and the influence of γ-radiation were conducted. <b>Results:</b> Prototype sensors were constructed using 2 different diameters of polystyrene-based scintillating fibers. Fibers were custom-polished and fixed to a silicon photomultiplier. Sensor output was linear, with <i>R</i> <sup>2</sup> = 0.999 over the range from 0.037 to 9.25 MBq/mL. Absolute sensitivity was approximately 450 counts per second per MBq/mL. Measured signal-to-noise ratios ranged from 1.2:1 to 3.2:1 using a blood-to-tissue concentration ratio of 1:1. Sensor output increased with vein diameter and showed no sensitivity to γ-radiation. <b>Conclusion:</b> In experiments with phantom models, the prototype provided accurate measurements of β-emitting radiotracer concentration. The design will be refined for in vivo testing. The ability to routinely gather blood input function data would facilitate the adoption of kinetic modeling of PET data.
Inactivation of Iron Responsive Element-binding Capacity and Aconitase Function of Iron Regulatory Protein-1 of Skin Cells by Ultraviolet A (2000)

The ultraviolet-A (UVA) component of sunlight produces in cutaneous cells a highly toxic oxidative stress mediated by redox cycling reactions of Fe ions. A tight regulation of cell iron uptake and storage by iron regulatory proteins (IRP) of keratinocytes and fibroblasts avoids these damaging reactions. We report here that about 40 J/cm2 of UVA are required to inactivate half of the binding capacity of apo-IRP-1 to iron responsive elements (IRE) of RNA whereas 15 J/cm2 already inhibit half of the holo-IRP-1 aconitase activity. No increase in the holo-IRP-1 activity is observed during the apo-IRP-1 photoinactivation suggesting that UVA does not trigger a shift between these two forms. As opposed to holo-IRP-1, which contains a 4Fe-4S cluster, apo-IRP-1 has no UVA chromophore. Thus it should be inactivated indirectly by reactive oxygen species generated by the UVA-induced endogenous photo-oxidative stress. The apo-IRP-1 photoinactivation is weakly prevented by the lipophilic oxyradical scavenger vitamin E but not by the hydrophilic azide anion, a singlet oxygen quencher or by diethyldithiocarbamate, a superoxide dismutase inhibitor. However, full protection against photoinactivation of the apo form is observed after incubation with N-acetylcysteine but the latter only partially protects the aconitase function of the holo-IRP-1 from photoinactivation. The marked difference in the kinetics of photoinactivation of the apo and holo forms, the light dose-independent effect of the sulfhydril group reagent, 2-mercaptoethanol and the partial protection brought by the ferric ion complexing agent desferrioxamine suggest that the photochemistry of the 4Fe-4S cluster of the holo form plays little, if any, role in the photoinactivation of the apo-IRP-1/IRE interaction. It is concluded that the apo/holo equilibrium is irreversibly destroyed by UVA irradiation.
Model-Driven Remote Attestation: Attesting Remote System from Behavioral Aspect (2008)

Remote attestation was introduced in TCG specifications to determine whether a remote system is trusted to behave in a particular manner for a specific purpose; however, most of the existing approaches attest only the integrity state of a remote system and hence have a long way to go in achieving the above attestation objective. Behavior-based attestation and semantic attestation were recently introduced as solutions to approach the TCG attestation objective. In this paper, we extend behavior-based attestation to a model-driven remote attestation to prove that a remote system is trusted as defined by TCG. Our model-driven remote attestation verifies two compliance requirements to prove the trustworthiness of a remote system: expected behavior compliance and enforced behavior compliance.
MVLoc: Multimodal Variational Geometry-Aware Learning for Visual Localization. (2020)

Recent learning-based research has achieved impressive results in the field of single-shot camera relocalization. However, how best to fuse multiple modalities, for example, image and depth, and how to deal with degraded or missing input are less well studied. In particular, we note that previous approaches towards deep fusion do not perform significantly better than models employing a single modality. We conjecture that this is because of the naive approaches to feature space fusion through summation or concatenation which do not take into account the different strengths of each modality, specifically appearance for images and structure for depth. To address this, we propose an end-to-end framework to fuse different sensor inputs through a variational Product-of-Experts (PoE) joint encoder followed by attention-based fusion. Unlike prior work which draws a single sample from the joint encoder, we show how accuracy can be increased through importance sampling and reparameterization of the latent space. Our model is extensively evaluated on RGB-D datasets, outperforming existing baselines by a large margin.
Liarozole, an antitumor drug, modulates cytokeratin expression in the dunning AT‐6sq prostatic carcinoma through in situ accumulation of all‐trans‐retinoic acid (1995)

Liarozole showed antitumoral activity in the Dunning AT-6sq, an androgen-independent rat prostate carcinoma. To investigate its potential mechanism of action, the effects of the drug doses (ranging from 3.75 to 80 mg/kg b.i.d.) on endogenous plasma and tissue all-trans-retinoic acid levels and on the differentiation status of the tumor cells were evaluated. To follow modulation of differentiation, cytokeratins were localized in the (un)treated tumors by immunocytochemistry and quantitatively determined by immunoblotting. Results showed that liarozole statistically significantly reduced tumor weight from 30 mg/kg upwards and induced accumulation of all-trans-retinoic acid both in plasma and tumors. In the tumors, a statistically significant accumulation was already noted from 7.5 mg liarozole/kg upwards. Concomitantly, the differentiation status shifted from a keratinizing towards a non-keratinizing squamous carcinoma, which was further confirmed by the cytokeratin profile of the carcinoma (presence of CK 8, 10, 13, 14, 18, 19). Immunoblotting revealed an overall decrease in cytokeratin content, except for CK 8. These findings suggest that the antitumoral properties of liarozole might be related to an increase in the degree of tumor differentiation through accumulation of all-trans-retinoic acid.
Improved serodiagnosis of Campylobacter jejuni infections using recombinant antigens (2005)

Campylobacter jejuni is a frequent cause of infectious diarrhoea and is increasingly recognized as a trigger for late-onset complications. The poor standardization of commonly used serological tests might explain the conflicting results regarding the frequency of antecedent C. jejuni infections in defined patient groups. In order to obtain reliable epidemiological data as to the role of C. jejuni in causing late-onset complications, a highly specific and sensitive diagnostic tool for the epidemiological investigation of C. jejuni-associated diseases was developed. It was shown that recombinant proteins encoded by the C. jejuni genes cj0017 (P39) and cj0113 (P18) are specifically recognized by antibodies in sera from patients with C. jejuni enteritis. An ELISA using recombinant P18 and P39 as antigens was 91.9% sensitive and 99.0% specific, with positive and negative predictive values of 97.1% and 97.0%, respectively, comparing favourably with the 27.0% sensitivity of a routinely used serological assay.
Patent ductus arteriosus. Follow-up of 677 operated cases 40 years later. (1999)

Life expectancy is normal after surgical closure of an uncomplicated PDA in infancy or in childhood but premature death may not always be avoided operating on adults with long-standing chronic congestive heart failure. At least, postoperative pregnancy is not a risk factor for the mother and PDA seems not to be correlated to foetal transmission.
A mobile agent's effects on file service (2000)

Implementing an application using mobile agents might or might not improve its performance. The authors consider the effect of moving an agent application from a client to a file server. Under what circumstances does application performance improve, and does it come at the expense of other applications using the same server?.
Characterization of the novel HLA‐C*07:1023 allele by sequencing‐based typing (2022)

HLA-C*07:1023 differs from HLA-C*07:01:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution in codon 313 in exon 5.
Optimization of hydrophobic meshes for oil spill recovery (2013)

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2013.
AN INVESTIGATION OF CORONARY HEART DISEASE IN FAMILIES (1979)

The Framingham Heart Study (FHS) was started in 1948 as a prospective investigation of cardiovascular disease in a cohort of adult men and women. Continuous surveillance of this sample of 5209 subjects has been maintained through biennial physical examinations. In 1971 examinations were begun on the children of the FHS cohort. This study, called the Framingham Offspring Study (FOS), was undertaken to expand upon knowledge of cardiovascular disease, particularly in the area of familial clustering of the disease and its risk factors. This report reviews the sampling design of the FHS and describes the nature of the FOS sample. The FOS families appear to be of typical size and age structure for families with parents born in the late 19th or early 20th century. In addition, there is little evidence that coronary heart disease (CHD) experience and CHD risk factors differ in parents of those who volunteered for this study and the parents of those who did not volunteer.
An artificial intelligence-enabled analysis of ECG changes after androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer. (2020)

e17535 Background: Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT) is commonly used to treat prostate cancer (PC), but has been associated with cardiac morbidity and mortality. The exact mechanisms of this association are unclear. We sought to use an artificial intelligence (AI) enabled algorithm to identify ECG changes in PC patients who received ADT compared to PC patients who did not receive ADT. Methods: From 1,000,000 ECGs performed on 210,414 patients between 1993 and 2017 at our institution, a convolutional neural network was developed to detect predictive signatures for cardiac pathologies. During this process, the ability to predict “estimated sex” of the patient was developed, with output values ranging from 0 (female) to 1 (male). We applied this algorithm to 8,619 ECGs performed on 1,057 men age 75 or younger treated with radiation for high-risk or recurrent PC at our institution, and compared estimated sex after receiving ADT (n = 1,065) to ADT-naive ECGs (n = 7,554). We correlated ECG-identified estimated sex with serum testosterone levels using Spearman rank correlation. Results: Patients who had received ADT had a mean (SD) estimated sex value of 0.81 (0.26) compared to 0.92 (0.17) for those who did not (p &lt; 0.001). Difference between estimated sex in post-ADT ECGs and ADT-naive ECGs remained significant across age groups (Table). Decreased serum total testosterone correlated with decreased estimated sex values in men receiving ADT (R = .57, p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: ADT for prostate cancer is associated with changes in AI-identified ECG parameters, including lower estimated male sex after receiving ADT. Lower ECG male sex estimate was associated with decreased serum testosterone. In this study, we provide preliminary proof of concept for a potential non-invasive means of monitoring treatment effect and physiologic change using ECGs. [Table: see text]