gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simplification of Data Acquisition in Process Integration Retrofit of a Milk Powder Production Facility (2019)

Process integration techniques, such as Pinch Analysis, can be used to effectively detect energy saving opportunities in the industrial sector. However, their application is mainly limited to energy-intensive processes, leaving a large potential untapped in the remaining industrial sectors. One factor that discourages the application of these tools is the requirement of a large amount of reliable data, which may be difficult or time-consuming to gather. This paper presents the application of a method to simplify the data acquisition step of process integration studies on a milk powder production facility. By employing uncertainty analysis and sensitivity analysis techniques, the solution of the factor fixing problem was shown, and a subset of parameters whose accurate estimates were essential to obtain reliable analysis results, were detected. The required data reduction was significant, as only 20 out of the 41 parameters initially considered were deemed to be important. Moreover, the maximum acceptable level of inaccuracy in the definition of these parameters in order to ensure a satisfactory uncertainty level in the analysis output was presented. The output standard deviation was reduced from the initial 47.8 % to 10.0 %, relative to the mean value.
Wafer-scale, epitaxial growth of single layer hexagonal boron nitride on Pt(111) (2021)

Abstract Single-layer hexagonal boron nitride is produced on 2 inch Pt(111)/sapphire wafers. The growth with borazine vapor deposition at process temperatures between 1000 and 1300 K is in situ investigated by photoelectron yield measurements. The growth kinetics is slower at higher temperatures and follows a tanh 2 law which better fits for higher temperatures. The crystal-quality of hexagonal boron nitride ( h -BN)/Pt(111) is inferred from scanning low energy electron diffraction (x-y LEED). The data indicate a strong dependence of the epitaxy on the growth temperature. The dominant structure is an aligned coincidence lattice with 10 h -BN on 9 Pt(1 × 1) unit cells and follows the substrate twinning at the millimeter scale.
Novel component middleware for building dependable sentient computing applications (2004)

With advances in sensor-based computing and mobile communication, people have started to explore ubiquitous or pervasive computing systems that aim to have computing devices literally available everywhere, making them disappear into the physical environment. Novel ubiquitous computing applications such as intelligent vehicles, smart buildings, and traffic management have special properties that traditional computing applications do not possess, such as context-awareness, massive decentralisation, autonomous behaviour, adaptivity, proactivity, and innate collaboration. In this paper we argue that such applications require a new computational model and middleware that can reflect the autonomy and spontaneity of cooperative entities. The EU funded CORTEX 1 project proposes the sentient object model to support the construction of such large-scale applications. We report on a flexible, run-time reconfigurable component based middleware that we have used to engineer the sentient object programming paradigm. We demonstrate the appropriateness of the novel computational model and validity of the middleware by constructing a proof of concept demonstrator based on the notion of autonomous cooperating vehicles. Keywords: Context-aware, Component, Middleware, Sentient object. 1 The CORTEX (CO-operating Real-time senTient objects: architecture and EXperimental evaluation)
On the Reaction Mechanism of Tirapazamine Reduction Chemistry: Unimolecular N–OH Homolysis, Stepwise Dehydration, or Triazene Ring-Opening (2012)

The initial steps of the activation of tirapazamine (TPZ, 1, 3-amino-1,2,4-benzotriazine 1,4-N,N-dioxide) under hypoxic conditions consist of the one-electron reduction of 1 to radical anion 2 and the protonation of 2 at O(N4) or O(N1) to form neutral radicals 3 and 4, respectively. There are some questions, however, as to whether radicals 3 and/or 4 will then undergo N–OH homolyses 3 → 5 + ·OH and 4 → 6 + ·OH or, alternatively, whether 3 and/or 4 may react by dehydration and form aminyl radicals via 3 → 11 + H2O and 4 → 12 + H2O or phenyl radicals via 3 → 17 + H2O. These outcomes might depend on the chemistry after the homolysis of 3 and/or 4, that is, dehydration may be the result of a two-step sequence that involves N–OH homolysis and formation of ·OH aggregates of 5 and 6 followed by H-abstraction within the ·OH aggregates to form hydrates of aminyls 11 and 12 or of phenyl 17. We studied these processes with configuration interaction theory, perturbation theory, and density functional theory. All stationary structures of OH aggregates of 5 and 6, of H2O aggregates of 11, 12, and 17, and of the transition state structures for H-abstraction were located and characterized by vibrational analysis and with methods of electron and spin-density analysis. The doublet radical 17 is a normal spin-polarized radical, whereas the doublet radicals 11 and 12 feature quartet instabilities. The computed reaction energies and activation barriers allow for dehydration in principle, but the productivity of all of these channels should be low for kinetic and dynamic reasons. With a view to plausible scenarios for the generation of latent aryl radical species without dehydration, we scanned the potential energy surfaces of 2–4 as a function of the (O)N1–Y (Y = C5a, N2) and (O)N4–Z (Z = C4a, C3) bond lengths. The elongation of any one of these bonds by 0.5 Å requires less than 25 kcal/mol, and this finding strongly suggests the possibility of bimolecular reactions of the spin-trap molecules with 2–4 concomitant with triazene ring-opening.
Eddy-induced pycnocline depth displacement over the global ocean (2021)

Mesoscale eddies exist throughout the global ocean and significantly impact local vertical marine stratification through the physical processes of stirring and pumping. While the vertical transportation dynamics of eddies are known, the contribution to the displacement of pycnocline depth from eddies has not been comprehensively investigated. In this study, the 17-year Argo dataset and satellite altimetry data are used to estimate the deepening and uplifting of the pycnocline depth induced by anticyclonic eddies (AE) and cyclonic eddies (CE), respectively. Pycnocline displacements exhibit multiple geographic and seasonal trends, with the largest magnitude occurring in spring. More pronounced displacements are concentrated in mid-latitudes, particularly along the western boundary currents, with peak displacements reaching more than 90 m. Furthermore, these displacements are positively correlated with eddy properties (particularly eddy amplitude), suggesting that higher intensity eddies may induce larger pycnocline displacements. In the eddy coordinate system, the pycnocline displacement reveals a monopole structure with a marked extremum in the eddy centre. At the eddy core, maximum deepening in AE reaches ~54 m in spring, but only ~25 m in autumn. In contrast, uplifting in CE reaches ~66 m (~18 m) in spring (autumn). The eddy-induced pycnocline displacements reported here emphasize the intrinsic vertical dynamics of eddies during oceanic observations and provide a pathway to reproduce the effects of eddies on variations of the pycnocline in ocean models.
A single-chip dual-band 22-to-29GHz/77-to-81GHz BiCMOS transceiver for automotive radars (2009)

This paper presents a dual-band millimeter- wave (mmWave) transceiver (TRX) in a 0.18 mum BiCMOS technology (f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> /f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> =200/180GHz). The dual-band TRX operates in the 22-to-29GHz and 77- to-81GHz short-range automotive radar bands.
The similarity of class II HLA genotypes defines patterns of autoreactivity in idiopathic bone marrow failure disorders (2021)

Idiopathic aplastic anemia (IAA) is a rare autoimmune bone marrow failure (BMF) disorder initiated by a human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-restricted T-cell response to unknown antigens. As in other autoimmune disorders, the predilection for certain HLA profiles seems to represent an etiologic factor; however, the structure-function patterns involved in the self-presentation in this disease remain unclear. Herein, we analyzed the molecular landscape of HLA complexes of a cohort of 300 IAA patients and almost 3000 healthy and disease controls by deeply dissecting their genotypic configurations, functional divergence, self-antigen binding capabilities, and T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire specificities. Specifically, analysis of the evolutionary divergence of HLA genotypes (HED) showed that IAA patients carried class II HLA molecules whose antigen-binding sites were characterized by a high level of structural homology, only partially explained by specific risk allele profiles. This pattern implies reduced HLA binding capabilities, confirmed by binding analysis of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)-derived self-peptides. IAA phenotype was associated with the enrichment in a few amino acids at specific positions within the peptide-binding groove of DRB1 molecules, affecting the interface HLA-antigen-TCR β and potentially constituting the basis of T-cell dysfunction and autoreactivity. When analyzing associations with clinical outcomes, low HED was associated with risk of malignant progression and worse survival, underlying reduced tumor surveillance in clearing potential neoantigens derived from mechanisms of clonal hematopoiesis. Our data shed light on the immunogenetic risk associated with IAA etiology and clonal evolution and on general pathophysiological mechanisms potentially involved in other autoimmune disorders.
Adaptive scene-based nonuniformity correction method for infrared-focal plane arrays (2003)

The non-uniform response in infrared focal plane array (IRFPA) detectors produces corrupted images with a fixed-pattern noise. In this paper we present an enhanced adaptive scene-based non-uniformity correction (NUC) technique. The method simultaneously estimates detector's parameters and performs the non-uniformity compensation using a neural network approach. In addition, the proposed method doesn't make any assumption on the kind or amount of non-uniformity presented on the raw data. The strength and robustness of the proposed method relies in avoiding the presence of ghosting artifacts through the use of optimization techniques in the parameter estimation learning process, such as: momentum, regularization, and adaptive learning rate. The proposed method has been tested with video sequences of simulated and real infrared data taken with an InSb IRFPA, reaching high correction levels, reducing the fixed pattern noise, decreasing the ghosting, and obtaining an effective frame by frame adaptive estimation of each detector's gain and offset.
Access control in collaborative systems (2005)

Balancing the competing goals of collaboration and security is a difficult, multidimensional problem. Collaborative systems often focus on building useful connections among people, tools, and information while security seeks to ensure the availability, confidentiality, and integrity of these same elements. In this article, we focus on one important dimension of this problem---access control. The article examines existing access control models as applied to collaboration, highlighting not only the benefits, but also the weaknesses of these models.
Electromagnetic properties of Si–C–N based ceramics and composites (2014)

Besides the excellent high-temperature mechanical properties, Si3N4 and SiC based ceramics containing insulating or electrically conductive phase are attractive for their tunable dielectric properties, which may vary from electromagnetic (EM) wave transparent to absorption and shielding. Consequently, SiC, Si3N4, SiON, SiBN, SiBC, SiCN and SiBCN ceramics have attracted extensive interest in recent years. SiO2, Si3N4, Si3N4–SiO2, Si3N4–BN, and Si3N4–SiO2–BN are promising EM wave transparent materials for applications in microelectronic packaging, microwave transparent reaction chamber, radome and antenna window. C, SiC, SiC–C, Si3N4–C and Si3N4–SiC are potential EM wave shielding materials, which can be used as electronic packaging of highly integrated circuits, and be used in wireless communication system, telecommunication base stations and the other electronic devices. Si3N4–SiBC, Si3N4–SiCN and Si3N4–SiBCN are attractive EM wave absorbing materials for potential applications in amplifier, accelerator, microwave heating, anechoic chambers, stealth aircraft and ship. Other potential harsh environment or high-temperature applications will also benefit from the Si–C–N ceramic system. The concept of hybrid structure and EM metamaterials (MMS) opens up new avenues in developing EM wave absorption materials. The key developments and future challenges in this field are summarised. The main issues regarding permittivity of high-temperature structural ceramics are discussed, with an emphasis on the EM wave transparent, shielding and absorbing mechanisms that are responsible for the EM wave properties.
Growth Control of Plants by Spectral Regulation under Natural Light. The Effects of Special Glass Which Intercepts the Radiation beyond 700nm. (1993)

Sunflower plants (Helianthus annuus L. cv. Russian Mammoth) were grown in two growth cabinets under natural light. One of the cabinets had windows with special glass which intercepted the radiation beyond 700 nm, and the other had windows with normal glass. The R (red) /FR (far-red) (600-700 nm/700-800 nm) photon flux ratio in the two cabinets were 2.6 and 1.2, respectively.The stem length and plant height under the special glass were significantly shorter than those under normal glass. From this fact, it can be concluded that the R/FR ratio changed and plants became dwarfed by the interception of far-red irradiation. This special glass can be applied to the materials used in greenhouses for transplant production to avoid elongation in producing seedlings. It also can help in the maintenance, harvesting and other work involving trees in fruit greenhouses by making the trees dwarves.
Isolation and Properties of Intact Chromoplasts from Tomato Fruits (1984)

Intact chromoplasts were isolated from tomato fruits at different ripening stages by Percoll density gradient centrifugation. The isolated chromoplast fractions were contaminated very little by other organelles, although the fraction from fully ripened fruits contained some mitochondria and microbodies. As the transformation of chloroplasts to chromoplasts proceeded, the density of the plastids decreased from 1.096 to 1.075 g-cm-3 and the decrease was related to a decrease in chlorophyll and an increase in lycopene in the plastids.
Chemically Cross-Linked Polycyclooctene:  Synthesis, Characterization, and Shape Memory Behavior (2002)

A novel polymeric shape memory system of chemically cross-linked polycyclooctene (PCO) was developed and characterized. PCO was synthesized via ring-opening metathesis polymerization of cyclooctene using the dihydroimidazolylidene-modified Grubb's catalyst. After dicumyl peroxide was added to PCO, the mixture was compression-molded into a film and further cured through chemical cross-linking upon heating. The chemically cross-linked PCO samples were fully characterized using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) in order to gain insight into the rapid shape memory behavior. We observe that the transition temperature of PCO is tunable through the change of the trans/cis ratio of vinylene groups. A fast shape memory behavior was observed, where the primary stress-free shape was recovered within 1 s on immersion in hot water above the melting point of the crystalline PCO phase. In contrast with glassy shape memory polymers, chemically cross-linked PCO behaves as an elastomer capable of arbitrary shaping above the sharp melting temperature of the PCO crystalline phase and subsequent shape fixing during crystallization.
Simultaneous monitoring technique for ASE and MPI noises in distributed Raman Amplified Systems (2007)

We develop a new technique for simultaneously monitoring the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) and multi-path interference (MPI) noises in distributed Raman amplified (DRA) systems. This technique utilizes the facts that the degree-of polarization (DOP) of the MPI noise is 1/9, while the ASE noise is unpolarized. The results show that the proposed technique can accurately monitor both of these noises regardless of the bit rates, modulation formats, and optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) levels of the signals.
The saturation magnetisation, Curie temperature and size effect of amorphous iron alloys (1980)

Measurements of the saturation magnetisation, Curie temperature and size effects are reported for the amorphous iron alloys Fe-X, where X is one of, or a combination of, B, Al, Ga, C, Si, Ge and P. The saturation magnetisation when plotted as a function of the total metalloid content shows an approximate trend in terms of charge transfer from the metalloid to iron atoms. The Curie temperature data show an approximate coincidence when plotted against X except for Fe-B-Al and Fe-B-Ge. This common curve follows semiquantitatively from results obtained here on the basis of the itinerant electron model. The relative change of volume dln V/dx was found to vary systematically with the effective valency of the added metalloid.
Frontiers of Ultrafast Mid-IR Lasers Based on Polycrystalline TM:II-VI Semiconductors (2020)

We give an overview of recent experimental results on mid-IR femtosecond lasers and optical frequency combs based on TM:II-VI media providing access to few-cycle pulses with Watt-level power over 2–20 µm spectral range.
Four Novel FBN1 Mutations: Significance for Mutant Transcript Level and EGF-like Domain Calcium Binding in the Pathogenesis of Marfan Syndrome (1993)

Defects of fibrillin (FBN1), a glycoprotein component of the extracellular microfibril, cause Marfan syndrome. This disorder is characterized by marked inter- and intrafamilial variation in phenotypic severity. To understand the molecular basis for this clinical observation, we have screened the fibrillin gene (FBN1) on chromosome 15, including the newly cloned 5' coding sequence, for disease-producing alterations in a panel of patients with a wide range of manifestations and clinical severity. All the missense mutations identified to date, including two novel mutations discussed here, are associated with classic and moderate to severe disease and occur at residues with putative significance for calcium binding to epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domains. In contrast, two new mutations that create premature signals for termination of translation of mRNA and are associated with reduction in the amount of mutant allele transcript produce a range of phenotypic severity. The patient with the lowest amount of mutant transcript has the mildest disease. These data support a role for altered calcium binding to EGF-like domains in the pathogenesis of Marfan syndrome and suggest a dominant negative mechanism for the pathogenesis of this disorder.
Effect of intentional chemical doping on crystallographic and electric properties of the pyrochlore Bi2Sn2O7 (2022)

The development of p-type oxide semiconductors is challenging owing to the localized nature of the valence band maximum (VBM), which primarily comprises O 2p orbitals. Although some Sn2+-based pyrochlore-type oxides (A2B2O7) with VBMs comprising spatially spread Sn 5s orbitals show p-type semiconducting properties, these properties cannot be tuned by an intentional chemical doping owing to the instability of their valence states. Herein, the influence of chemical doping on the crystal structure and electrical properties of Bi2Sn2O7, whose VBM is composed of valence-stable ions with Bi 6s orbitals, in the VBM is investigated. X-ray absorption spectroscopy reveals that In3+ is doped substitutionally at the Sn4+ site. Although the doped In3+ ions are expected to act as acceptors, their electrical properties always show n-type character. Simultaneously, extended X-ray absorption fine structure reveals the formation of oxygen vacancies in BiOBi bonds contributing to the VBM, whereas negligible changes are observed in the SnO6 octahedra, suggesting that the generated holes are electrically compensated by electrons because of the oxygen vacancies. P-type electric properties can be observed under oxidizing conditions, providing a critical design concept for the realization of hole conduction in acceptor-doped Bi2Sn2O7.
A Worst-Case Robust MMSE Transceiver Design for Nonregenerative MIMO Relaying (2014)

Transceiver designs have been a key issue in guaranteeing the performance of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) relay systems, which are, however, often subject to imperfect channel state information (CSI). In this paper, we aim to design a robust MIMO transceiver for nonregenerative MIMO relay systems against imperfect CSI from a worst-case robust perspective. Specifically, we formulate the robust transceiver design, under the minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) criterion, as a minimax problem. Then, by decomposing the minimax problem into two subproblems with respect to the relay precoder and destination equalizer, respectively, we show that the optimal solution to each subproblem has a favorable channel-diagonalizing structure under some mild conditions. Based on this finding, we transform the two complex-matrix subproblems into their equivalent scalar forms, both of which are proven to be convex and can be efficiently solved by our proposed methods. We further propose an alternating algorithm to jointly optimize the precoder and equalizer that only requires scalar operations. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed robust design is verified by simulation results.
A Thermoresponsive Hydrogel Based on Telechelic PEG End‐Capped with Hydrophobic Dipeptides (2011)

The self-assembly in aqueous solution of PEG (1500 Da) telechelically end-capped with hydrophobic dipeptides has been investigated using spectroscopic, microscopic, scattering, and rheological methods. A self-assembled β-sheet fibril-based hydrogel has been identified (containing dityrosine end groups), which exhibits a gel-sol transition near body temperature. This thermo-responsive PEG-based biofunctional hydrogel is expected to have diverse potential uses in delivery or diagnostics for biomedical applications.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Charge Transfer and Thermal Exciplex Dissociation with p‐Aminobenzonitriles in Toluene. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Effect of Interfacial Disorder on 1/f Noise in Magnetic Tunnel Junctions (2007)

An approach to radiosurgery treatment that can be readily adopted in most radiotherapy centers with linear accelerators is presented. In our institution, a Leksell-type of neurosurgical frame, a computed tomography scanner, locally fabricated cones, and 6 MV X-ray beams are used to perform radiosurgery treatments. Collimated arcs with dose distributions, that conform to the shape of the lesion in the transverse and the sagittal planes are used. It is argued that the uncertainties in the localization of the isocenter within a lesion and the specifications of the size of the target volume do not justify high precision mechanical devices for most radiosurgery treatments.