gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel word pre-selection method based on phonetic set indexing (2002)

The possibility of pre-fetching words using the phoneme sequence output of automatic speech recognition systems has been explored. A novel non-sequential indexing mechanism (termed phonetic set indexing) has been evaluated for the purpose of fast word pre-selection. Our approach to handling the lexical access problem stems from the primacy observation that the set of phonemes which are present in a transcription of a word is sparsely distributed across the vocabulary, and is thus suitable as an indexing key for retrieving a short list of word possibilities. The fixed dimensionality of the phonetic set representation also makes it suitable for implementation with compact bit strings, thus enabling fast lexical access using low-level bit operations.
Adherence of Older Cardiac Patients to a Home-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation Program (2023)

Referral to home-based cardiac rehabilitation (HBCR) is low among older and frailer patients due to low expectations regarding adherence by healthcare professionals. The aim of this study was to determine adherence to HBCR when old and frail patients are referred, and to explore any differences in baseline characteristics between adherent and nonadherent patients. Data of the Cardiac Care Bridge were used (Dutch trial register NTR6316). The study included hospitalized cardiac patients ≥ 70 years old and at high risk of functional loss. Adherence to HBCR was confirmed when two-thirds of the intended nine sessions were followed. Of the 153 patients included (age: 82 ± 6 years, 54% female), 29% could not be referred due to death before referral, not returning home, or practical problems. Of the 109 patients who were referred, 67% adhered. Characteristics associated with non-adherence were older age (84 ± 6 vs. 82 ± 6, <i>p</i> = 0.05) and higher handgrip strength in men (33 ± 8 vs. 25 ± 11, <i>p</i> = 0.01). There was no difference in comorbidity, symptoms, or physical capacity. Based on these observations, most older cardiac patients who return home after hospital admission appear to adhere to HBCR after referral, suggesting that most older cardiac patients are motivated and capable of receiving HBCR.
Vascular‐targeted nanocarriers: design considerations and strategies for successful treatment of atherosclerosis and other vascular diseases (2016)

Vascular-targeted nanocarriers are an attractive option for the treatment of a number of cardiovascular diseases, as they allow for more specific delivery and increased efficacy of many small molecule drugs. However, immune clearance, limited cellular uptake, and particle-cell dynamics in blood flow can hinder nanocarrier efficacy in many applications. This review aims to investigate successful strategies for the use of vascular-targeted nanocarriers in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. In particular, the review will highlight strategies employed for actively targeting the components of the atherosclerotic plaque, including endothelial cells, macrophages, and platelets and passive targeting via endothelial permeability, as well as design specifications (such as size, shape, and density) aimed at enhancing the ability of nanocarriers to reach the vascular wall. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2016, 8:909-926. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1414 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Tergitol-induced colonial growth without inhibition of conidiation (1991)

The cloning of genes from Neurospora crassa usually involves transformation of a mutant with genomic library DNA and the subsequent identification of transformants showing wild-type phenotype (Vollmer and Yanofsky 1986. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 83:4869- 4873). This can be problematic in the case of morphological mutants, because the sorbose- containing medium that is typically used to promote colonial growth of the transformants tends to interfere with conidiation, and sometimes inhibits aerial hyphal growth altogether. The medium described below uses the nonionic detergent tergitol (Tatum et al. 1949. Science 109:509-511) to induce colonial vegetative growth without affecting aerial hyphal growth or morphology.
Oxygen Evolution Reaction Dynamics, Faradaic Charge Efficiency, and the Active Metal Redox States of Ni–Fe Oxide Water Splitting Electrocatalysts (2016)

Mixed Ni-Fe oxides are attractive anode catalysts for efficient water splitting in solar fuels reactors. Because of conflicting past reports, the catalytically active metal redox state of the catalyst has remained under debate. Here, we report an in operando quantitative deconvolution of the charge injected into the nanostructured Ni-Fe oxyhydroxide OER catalysts or into reaction product molecules. To achieve this, we explore the oxygen evolution reaction dynamics and the individual faradaic charge efficiencies using operando differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS). We further use X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) under OER conditions at the Ni and Fe K-edges of the electrocatalysts to evaluate oxidation states and local atomic structure motifs. DEMS and XAS data consistently reveal that up to 75% of the Ni centers increase their oxidation state from +2 to +3, while up to 25% arrive in the +4 state for the NiOOH catalyst under OER catalysis. The Fe centers consistently remain in the +3 state, regardless of potential and composition. For mixed Ni100-xFex catalysts, where x exceeds 9 atomic %, the faradaic efficiency of O2 sharply increases from ∼30% to 90%, suggesting that Ni atoms largely remain in the oxidation state +2 under catalytic conditions. To reconcile the apparent low level of oxidized Ni in mixed Ni-Fe catalysts, we hypothesize that a kinetic competition between the (i) metal oxidation process and the (ii) metal reduction step during O2 release may account for an insignificant accumulation of detectable high-valent metal states if the reaction rate of process (ii) outweighs that of (i). We conclude that a discussion of the superior catalytic OER activity of Ni-FeOOH electrocatalysts in terms of surface catalysis and redox-inactive metal sites likely represents an oversimplification that fails to capture essential aspects of the synergisms at highly active Ni-Fe sites.
The improvement of adaptive bit and power loading algorithm with low complexity in MIMO-OFDM systems (2009)

Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) is a promising technology for high data rate transmission in wideband wireless systems for achieving high downlink capacities in future cellular systems. In this paper subcarrier and power allocation to each user at base-station is allocated to maximize the user data rates, subject to constraints on total power and bit error rate (BER). The chow-campello algorithm has been introduced and analyzed, and a low complexity algorithm has been proposed. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can achieve similar performance with much lower computational complexity, which indicates that the proposed algorithm is effective when compared to the existing algorithms.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Identification of direct transcriptional targets of the Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus Rta lytic switch protein by conditional nuclear localization. (2008)

Read the full review for this Faculty Opinions recommended article: Identification of direct transcriptional targets of the Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus Rta lytic switch protein by conditional nuclear localization.
Parallelization methodology for video coding-an implementation on the TMS320C80 (2000)

This paper presents a parallelization methodology for video coding based on the philosophy of hiding as much communications by computation as possible. It models the task/data size, processor cache capacity, and communication contention, through a systematic decomposition and scheduling approach. With the aid of Petri-nets and task graphs for representation and analysis, it employs a triple buffering scheme to enable the functions of frame capture, management, and coding to be performed in parallel. The theoretical speedup analysis indicates that this method offers excellent communication hiding, resulting in system efficiency well above 90%. To prove its practicality, a H.261 video encoder has been implemented on a TMS320C80 system using the method. Its performance was measured, from which the speedup and efficiency figures were calculated. The only difference detected between the theoretical and measured data is the program control overhead that has not been accounted for in the theoretical model. Even with this, the measured speedup of the H.261 is 3.67 and 3.76 on four parallel processors (PPs) for QCIF and 352/spl times/240 video, respectively, which correspond to a frame rate of 30.7 and 9.25 frames per second, and system efficiency of 91.8% and 94%, respectively. This method is particularly efficient for platforms with a small number of parallel processors.
Low threshold electrically-pumped vertical-cavity surface-emitting micro-lasers (1989)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text J. L. Jewell, A. Scherer, S. L. McCall, Y. H. Lee, S. J. Walker, J. P. Harbison, and L. T. Florez, "Low threshold electrically-pumped vertical-cavity surface-emitting micro-lasers," Optics News 15(12), 10-11 (1989) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
O1‐03‐05: IRAK‐M deletion activates microglia and restricts cerebral amyloid in PSAPP mice (2011)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is pathologically hallmarked by deposition of amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta) as beta-amyloid plaques, neuronal injury and low-level, chronic activation of brain innate immunity. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are germline-encoded sensors of pathogens by cells of the innate immune system. TLRs transduce their signals through MyD88 and the serine/threonine IL-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK). The IRAK family mostly consists of members that positively regulate TLR signaling, with the notable exception of the inhibitory kinase, IRAK-M, which is restricted to innate immune cells including microglia. We crossed mice deficient in IRAK-M (IRAK-M-/-) with mice over expressing mutant human amyloid precursor protein, the PSAPP mouse model of cerebral amyloidosis. We then evaluated the state of immune cell activation and cerebral Aß burden in age and sex-matched littermates from three groups of mice: PSAPP-IRAK-M+/+, PSAPP-IRAK-M-/+ and PSAPP-IRAK-M-/-. Immunohistochemistry for the macrophage/microglia-specific protein Iba1 disclosed statistically significant increased expression in PSAPP-IRAK-M-/- vs. PSAPP-IRAK-M +/+ mice in the hippocampus (42%, p < 0.001), cerebral cortex (38%, p < 0.001) and entorhinal cortex (42% p < 0.001), brain regions associated with AD-type pathology in humans. brain parenchymal Abeta abundance was correspondingly attenuated in PSAPP-IRAK-M-/- mice. Interestingly, PSAPP-IRAK-M+/- mice had intermediary Iba1 expression and brain Abeta levels, suggesting an IRAK-M allele doseage effect on restriction of brain Abeta. Collectively, these data suggest that IRAK-M negatively regulates brain innate immunity in a mouse model of cerebral amyloidosis. Releasing IRAK-M inhibition may represent a means to target microglial remodeling of amyloid pathology.
Clinical significance of variceal hemorrhage in recent years in patients with liver cirrhosis and esophageal varices (2004)

Variceal bleeding has various prognostic impacts depending on the etiology of cirrhosis or on the degree of liver dysfunction, and this needs to be taken into account in the prophylaxis against first variceal bleeding.
Oxygen Isotope Compositions of Mineral Separates from SNC Meteorites: Constraints on the Petrogenesis of Martian Magmas (2009)

Introduction: Martian (SNC) meteorites are igneous rocks that range from a reduced, trace-element depleted end member to an oxidized, trace-element enriched end member [1-3] (Figure 1). One interpretation of this trend is that relatively reduced, depleted magmas are partial melts of a reduced peridotitic mantle, whereas more oxidized, enriched magmas are mantle-derived magmas contaminated by oxidized, aqueously altered crustal rocks. In this case, the compositional trend defined by SNC meteorites would be a record of crustal assimilation processes and could be used to constrain the average composition of the Martian crust [4, 5]. Alternatively, the two end members could reflect partial melting of two (or perhaps more) compositionally distinct mantle components (e.g., enriched, oxidized domains entrained in the ambient depleted mantle [6, 7]; the enriched mantle domains might be products of early differentiation of the Martian mantle). Oxygen isotope geochemistry has the potential to discriminate between these alternate hypotheses. On Earth, oxygen isotope ratios (i.e., O/O) of mantle peridotites differ systematically from crustal materials (mainly as a consequence of aqueous alteration in the shallow crust) [8 and references therein]. This contrast in oxygen isotope composition has been used to constrain crustal assimilation processes in the differentiation of terrestrial igneous rocks and to identify subducted crust in the sources of mantle-derived magmas [9]. It is conceivable that this approach can be applied to understanding similar processes for Mars. Oxygen isotope compositions of whole rock samples of the SNC’s appear to correlate with oxygen fugacity [7] (as well as various other correlated properties; Figure 1). This relationship has been interpreted as evidence that martian magmas are derived from a depleted, reduced mantle followed by variable amounts of contamination by oxidized, O-rich, aqueously altered crust. However, there are two reasons why the available oxygen isotope data may not simply reflect the δO values of Martian magmas: (1) Many SNC’s contain high-δO alteration phases from martian and/or terrestrial weathering. And, (2) many SNC’s are cumulates that would not be expected to match compositions of the magmas from which they accumulated. This study examines mineral separates subjected to various pre-treatment procedures in an effort to reconstruct the δO values of melts. Figure 1. (a) Shergottites define a trend between enriched and depleted endmembers. (b) All SNC’s define a similar trend between oxidized and depleted endmembers. Both plots are reproduced after [3].
Liver organoids reproduce alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency-related liver disease (2019)

Liver organoid model recapitulates the key features of Z-AAT deficiency and provides a useful tool for disease modeling.
Lipoamino Acid Prodrugs of Paclitaxel: Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Evaluation on Human Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma Cells (2009)

Lipophilic derivatives of the anticancer drug paclitaxel (PTX) were prepared by means of its conjugation to lipoamino acid (LAA) residues, with the aim of increasing drug accumulation in tumor cells. PTX was linked to the methyl esters of norleucine (C6) or 2-aminodecanoic acid (C10). A succinic acid group was used as a spacer to link the 2'-hydroxyl group of PTX and the LAA residue, respectively by means of an ester and an amide bond. The in vitro anticancer activity of the prodrugs was tested on a human thyroid anaplastic cancer cell line (ARO). The intracellular uptake kinetics of free PTX and its prodrugs was assessed by HPLC. PTX-LAA prodrugs showed a noticeable cytotoxic activity against ARO cells at shorter incubation time (12 h) and lower doses (0.01-0.1 microM) than PTX. Intracellular accumulation experiments indicated an improvement of drug concentration inside these cells, related to the block of the cellular expulsion by means of multi drug resistance efflux complex and improved physicochemical features that allowed the greater passive cellular membrane permeation. The enhanced activity of PTX-LAA prodrugs, in terms of potency and onset of the effect, as well as the interesting intracellular accumulation data suggest that these compounds can be further tested as possible alternatives to PTX for the treatment of resistant cancer cells.
Design of RFID Metal Tag Antenna with a Minimum Effect according to Attached Metal Surface Size (2008)

본 논문에서는 부착 금속면의 크기에 따른 영향을 최소화 한 수동형 RFID 메탈 태그 안테나를 제안하였다. 제안된 태그 안테나는 금속면에 부착이 가능한 패치 안테나 구조이며, 매우 얇은(<TEX>$119{\times}30{\times}1.6$</TEX> mm) 구조로 칩 임피던스와 정합이 되도록 설계되었다. 태그 안테나는 루프 형태로 커플링 급전을 하였으며, 형성된 루프를 경계로 안쪽과 바깥쪽 두 개의 방사체로 구성되어 있다. 바깥쪽의 방사체는 부착될 금속의 크기에 관계없이 전류를 안쪽의 방사체에 집중하도록 하는 역할을 한다. 또한, 태그 안테나는 CST microwave를 통하여 설계되었으며, 무반사실에서 그 성능을 측정하였다. 최적화된 태그 안테나는 <TEX>$S_{11}</TEX><TEX><</TEX><TEX>-10$</TEX> dB 기준으로 35 MHz(중심 주파수 대비 3.77 %)의 반사 손실 대역폭을 갖는다. 태그의 인식 거리 측정 결과, 금속(최대 면적 <TEX>$700{\times}700$</TEX> mm)에 부착 시 2.9 m 자유공간상에서 5.5 m의 인식 성능을 보였다. In this paper, we propose a RFID metal tag antenna with a minimum by size of a metal surface to attach. This proposed tag antenna is a patch antenna which is able to stick on metal surface and designed for very slim structure (<TEX>$119{\times}30{\times}1.6$</TEX> mm) antenna that is matched to a chip impedance. This has a loop coupling feeding and consists of a inner radiator and a outer radiator. The outer radiator activates the current to concentrate on the inner radiator regardless of metal size to attach. Also the tag antenna is designed by CST microwave tool and the performance is measured in the anechoic chamber. The optimum antenna has 3.77 % of the matching bandwidth(<TEX>$S_{11}</TEX><TEX><</TEX><TEX>-10$</TEX> dB). The readable range of the tag antenna is about 2.9 m on metal(max. size <TEX>$700{\times}700$</TEX> mm) and 5.5 m in free space according to the measurement results.
Novel lithium-nitrogen compounds at ambient and high pressures (2015)

Using ab initio evolutionary simulations, we predict the existence of five novel stable Li-N compounds at pressures from 0 to 100 GPa (Li13N, Li5N, Li3N2, LiN2, and LiN5). Structures of these compounds contain of isolated N ions, N2 dimers, polyacetylene-like N chains and N5 rings, respectively. The structure of Li13N consists of Li atoms and Li12N icosahedra (with N atom in the center of the Li12 icosahedron) such icosahedra are notdescribed by Wade-Jemmis electron counting rules and are unique. Electronic structure of Li-N compounds is found to dramatically depend on composition and pressure, making this system ideal for studying metal-insulator transitions. For example, LiN3 undergoes a sequence of pressure-induced transitions: metal-insulator-metal-insulator. This work resolves the previous controversies of theory and experiment on Li2N2.
Chemical pumping of potential visible laser transistions in bismuth monofluoride by thermal dissociation of fluorine azide (1990)

A visible chemical laser on the BiF(A-X) transistions at 430-470 nm can potentially be generated by the interaction of Bi-atoms with metastable species such as NF(a<sup>1</sup>&#916;). Experiments were performed in which these constituents were obtained in situ by fast pulsed CO<sub>2</sub> laser pyrolysis of FN<sub>3</sub> and Bi(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>, respectively. Time-resolved optical diagnostics were used to follow the concentrations of FN<sub>3</sub>, NF(a<sup>1</sup>&#916;), Bi(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>x</sub>, Bi(<sup>2</sup>D) and BiF(A). The optimal concentrations of FN<sub>3</sub> and Bi(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub> were limited by NF(a<sup>1</sup>&#916;) self-annihilation and Bi(<sup>2</sup>D) quenching reactions, respectively. The Bi(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub> was found to be only 20 % dissociated at the peak of the NF(a<sup>1</sup>&#916;) time profile and the yield of Bi-atoms from dissociated Bi(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub> was determined to be approximately 5%; however, significant recycling of the active Bi/BiF species was observed at a limiting rate of 4 - 5 x 10-11 cm<sup>3</sup>/s, driven by NA(a<sup>1</sup>&#916;). On the basis of these results, a peak BiF(A) concentration of 10<sup>13</sup>/cm<sup>3</sup> was predicted by kinetic modeling and subsequently observed. The model also predicts an absolute population inversion of the BiF(A-X) transistion at high NF(a<sup>1</sup>&#916;) concentration with unsaturated gains of approximately 10<sup>-3</sup>/cm. Intracavity experiments have verified that the BiF(X) ground state concentration is low enough relative to the excited state to generate at least a partial inversion, and initial evidence for an absolute population inversion has been obtained.
Expression of CD46, CD55, and CD59 on primary murine astrocytes and effect of inflammation factors on it (2006)

Objective To identify the expression of complement regulatory protein CD46, CD55, and CD59 on primary murine pallium astrocytes and the effect of inflammatory factors on it in order to lay the foundation for studying the complement system in AD. Methods The primary murine astrocytes were cultured and purified. The expression of CD46, CD55, and CD59 on the levels of mRNA and protein was assayed by immunofluorescence before and after the stimulation of LPS and IFN-γ. Results The expression of CD59 mRNA was confirmed, but the expression of CD46 and CD55 was indefinite. There was no significant difference between stimulation and non-stimulation groups. Immunofluorescence results indicated that CD59 was positive, while CD46 and CD55 were weakly positive. Conclusion Protectin CD59 expresses copiously on primary murine astrocytes, which presumably protects astrocytes from the lysis of complement.
Effects of Antagonist Cell Concentration and Two-Strain Mixtures on Biological Control of Fusarium Dry Rot of Potatoes (1997)

ABSTRACT Eighteen bacterial strains were individually assayed against Gibberella pulicaris (5 x 10(5) conidia per ml) by coinoculating antagonist and pathogen in wounds in cv. Russet Burbank potatoes. All antagonist concentrations (10(6), 10(7), and 10(8) CFU/ml) decreased disease (38 to 76% versus control, P < 0.05). When four strains were assayed at 11 concentrations (range 10(5) to 10(8) CFU/ml) against G. pulicaris, linear regression of the log-dose, log-response data was significant for all four strains (P < 0.001 to 0.01, R(2) = 0.50 to 0.74). Challenging G. pulicaris with all possible antagonist pairings within 2 sets of 10 antagonist strains (5 x 10(5) CFU of each strain per ml) resulted in 16 of 90 pairs controlling disease better than predicted based on averaging the performance of the individual strains making up the pair (P < 0.10). Successful pairs reduced disease by ~70% versus controls, a level of control comparable to that obtained with 100 times the inoculum dose of a single antagonist strain. Neither strain genus nor soil of origin were useful in predicting successful antagonist pairs. Factors potentially influencing dose-response relationships and the effectiveness of antagonist pairs in controlling disease are discussed.