gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Subtle Data Crimes: Naively training machine learning algorithms could lead to overly-optimistic results (2021)

While open databases are an important resource in the Deep Learning (DL) era, they are sometimes used "off-label": data published for one task are used for training algorithms for a different one. This work aims to highlight that in some cases, this common practice may lead to biased, overly-optimistic results. We demonstrate this phenomenon for inverse problem solvers and show how their biased performance stems from hidden data preprocessing pipelines. We describe two preprocessing pipelines typical of open-access databases and study their effects on three well-established algorithms developed for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) reconstruction: Compressed Sensing (CS), Dictionary Learning (DictL), and DL. In this large-scale study we performed extensive computations. Our results demonstrate that the CS, DictL and DL algorithms yield systematically biased results when naively trained on seemingly-appropriate data: the Normalized Root Mean Square Error (NRMSE) improves consistently with the preprocessing extent, showing an artificial increase of 25%-48% in some cases. Since this phenomenon is generally unknown, biased results are sometimes published as state-of-the-art; we refer to that as subtle data crimes. This work hence raises a red flag regarding naive off-label usage of Big Data and reveals the vulnerability of modern inverse problem solvers to the resulting bias.
Bandwidth-Scalable Stereo Audio Coding Based on a Layered Structure (2009)

In this paper, we propose a bandwidth-scalable stereo audio coding method based on a layered structure. The proposed stereo coding method encodes super-wideband (SWB) stereo signals and is able to decode either wideband (WB) stereo signals or SWB stereo signals, depending on the network congestion. The performance of the proposed stereo coding method is then compared with that of a conventional stereo coding method that separately decodes WB or SWB stereo signals, in terms of subjective quality, algorithmic delay, and computational complexity. Experimental results show that when stereo audio signals sampled at a rate of 32kHz are compressed to 64kbit/s, the proposed method provides significantly better audio quality with a 64-sample shorter algorithmic delay, and comparable computational complexity.
Leg Laterality Differences in Persons with Bilateral Transtibial Amputation (2013)

Rehabilitation of persons with bilateral transtibial amputation is challenged by the unavailability of a sound leg to provide stability in standing and gait. Absence of a sound limb complicates both prosthetic fitting and gait training. Little evidence related to prosthetic fitting and gait training of persons with bilateral amputation is available to guide these clinical procedures. This work addresses questions that are frequently encountered by prosthetists, including is there a disparity in leg strength or controllability between limbs and, if so, which is the favored or dominant leg? A disparity or leg laterality may have implications in the selection and adjustment of prosthetic components, prescription of rehabilitation therapies, or recommendations for the use of assistive devices. In this study, the gait of two persons with bilateral transtibial amputation was assessed using prosthesis-integrated load cells installed in both legs. The load cells provided continuous measurement of kinetic and temporal outcomes (forces and moments) measured during gait on different surfaces and on stairs. Pairwise comparisons of gait variables measured by each load cell were used to quantify leg laterality. The results of this study suggest that integrated load cells have the potential to assess leg laterality in persons with bilateral amputation and that these may be useful tools for enhancing the clinical decision-making process.
Influence de la nature de l'aliment concentré sur le métabolisme des chèvres en fin de gestation et en début de lactation (1986)

From 8 weeks before to 8 weeks after parturition, 3 groups of 6 dairy goats were given lucerne hay, maize silage and concentrate rich in starch (S) or fiber (F) or protected lipids (L).The values of blood parameters are the same with diets A and P but diet L decreased the energy balance of goats.Matériel et méthodes.L'effet de la nature de l'aliment concentré sur les para- mètres zootechniques et métaboliques a été suivi sur 18 chèvres laitières réparties en 3 lots de la 8 e semaine avant (S -8) à la 8 e semaine après la parturition
Personalised Chats with Voice Assistants (2020)

Recent research suggests that adapting a voice assistant's personality to the user can improve the interaction experience. We present a pragmatic and practical approach to adapting voice assistant personality. We asked users to take the voice assistant's perspective and write their "ideal" voice assistant-user dialogue in different scenarios in an automotive context. Our results indicate individual differences in participants' preference for social or purely functional conversations with the voice assistant.
Systems analysis of protective immune responses to RTS,S malaria vaccination in humans (2017)

RTS,S is an advanced malaria vaccine candidate and confers significant protection against <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> infection in humans. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms driving vaccine immunity. Here, we applied a systems biology approach to study immune responses in subjects receiving three consecutive immunizations with RTS,S (RRR), or in those receiving two immunizations of RTS,S/AS01 following a primary immunization with adenovirus 35 (Ad35) (ARR) vector expressing circumsporozoite protein. Subsequent controlled human malaria challenge (CHMI) of the vaccinees with <i>Plasmodium</i>-infected mosquitoes, 3 wk after the final immunization, resulted in ∼50% protection in both groups of vaccinees. Circumsporozoite protein (CSP)-specific antibody titers, prechallenge, were associated with protection in the RRR group. In contrast, ARR-induced lower antibody responses, and protection was associated with polyfunctional CD4<sup>+</sup> T-cell responses 2 wk after priming with Ad35. Molecular signatures of B and plasma cells detected in PBMCs were highly correlated with antibody titers prechallenge and protection in the RRR cohort. In contrast, early signatures of innate immunity and dendritic cell activation were highly associated with protection in the ARR cohort. For both vaccine regimens, natural killer (NK) cell signatures negatively correlated with and predicted protection. These results suggest that protective immunity against <i>P. falciparum</i> can be achieved via multiple mechanisms and highlight the utility of systems approaches in defining molecular correlates of protection to vaccination.
Evaluation Of The Rate Of Orthopedic Injuries Of Concussed And Non-concussed Players In The NFL (2019)

Evaluation of the Rate of Orthopedic Injuries of Concussed and Non-Concussed Players in the NFL Concussions may increase the risk of musculoskeletal injury during the 90 day period after return to play. Previous work has evaluated this effect in collegiate players with consistent results. PURPOSE: To examine possible increased risk of orthopedic injury among National Football League players 12 weeks (90 days) after return to play from an incident concussion compared to an incident orthopedic injury. METHODS: Weekly NFL injury data from 2012 through 2017 was collected from public websites and weeks 3-10 of the regular season were analyzed. Players with upper extremity (UE) and lower extremity (LE) orthopedic injuries were matched to each concussed player on position, team, and week of return to play. Concussed players were excluded if they sustained an orthopedic injury concurrently with a concussion or if there was no matched orthopedic control. Additional players were excluded from the study if they were on the injury logs for any other reason. This study analyzed 194 concussed players, comparing them with 187 LE and 105 UE injuries. An additional 444 non-injured controls with no injuries spanning 3 weeks prior were also evaluated. The rate of orthopedic injury was calculated as the number of orthopedic injuries during the 12 week period following return to play from their initial injury divided by 12 weeks. UE and LE injuries were evaluated separately against the concussion group using a Wilcoxon Rank Sum test. RESULTS: In the 12 week period following return to play from injury, players who sustained a concussion had an average of 0.030.06 orthopedic injuries, while players who sustained a LE injury or uninjured controls had a rate of 0.010.04 and 0.002 0.01 orthopedic injuries respectively. There was a significant difference between the orthopedic injury rate among the concussed and LE injury groups (Z = 2.22, p-value = 0.03). In addition, the difference in orthopedic injury rate between the controls and concussed groups was significant (Z=9.79, p-value = 1.55e-22). No relationship between concussed and UE injury was found. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest a relationship between concussions and subsequent orthopedic injuries in NFL players compared to those with an incident LE injury or no incident injury.
TD-UTD for scattering from a smooth convex surface (2002)

A time domain uniform geometrical theory of diffraction (TD-UTD) formulation for the scattering from a smooth perfectly conducting convex surface is presented. The TD-UTD is obtained from the frequency domain UTD by an application of the analytic time transform (ATT). This TD-UTD formulation is valid when the observer and source are off of the surface. If the observer is located in the deep lit region, the TD-UTD reduces to the geometrical optics (GO) field. If the observer is in the deep shadow region, the TD-UTD field reduces to the creeping wave mode representation. Most importantly, the TD-UTD solution remains uniformly valid within the surface shadow boundary (SSB) transition region where neither the GO field nor the creeping wave mode fields are valid.
Computational Studies on Tetrahydropyrimidine-2-one HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors:  Improving Three-Dimensional Quantitative Structure−Activity Relationship Comparative Molecular Field Analysis Models by Inclusion of Calculated Inhibitor- and Receptor-Based Properties (2002)

A computational chemistry study has been performed on a series of tetrahydropyrimidine-2-ones (THPs) as HIV-1 protease (HIV-1 PR) inhibitors. The present investigation focuses on the correlation of inhibitor-enzyme complexation energies (E(compl)), inhibitor solvation energies E(solv)[I], and both polar and nonpolar buried surface areas (BSAs) with the observed values of the binding affinity (pK(I)). Various combinations of these specific inhibitor- and receptor-based properties were also evaluated as additional descriptors to three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) models constructed using comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA). Linear regression of the observed pK(I) values with E(compl), E(solv)[I], and the BSAs yielded a strong correlation in terms of both self-consistency (r(2) approximately equal to 0.90) and internal predictive ability (r(cv)(2) > 0.50). The 3D-QSAR models obtained from CoMFA using standard partial least-squares (PLS) analysis also yielded a strong correlation between the CoMFA fields and the experimental pK(i) (r(2) = 0.96; r(cv)(2) = 0.58). Various "enhanced" 3D-QSAR models were constructed in which different combinations of the E(compl), E(solv)[I], and BSAs were added as additional descriptors to the default steric-electrostatic CoMFA fields. Inclusion of E(solv)[I] in particular yielded significant improvement in the predictive ability (r(cv)(2) approximately equal to 0.80) of the resultant 3D-QSAR model.
A Novel Algorithm for Character Segmentation of Degraded License Plate Based on Prior Knowledge (2007)

This work proposes a novel algorithm for character segmentation of degraded license plate based on prior knowledge. Firstly, this algorithm performs preprocessing on the license plate, such as size normalization, uneven illumination correction, contrast enhancement, incline correction and edge enhancement; then, locates the character segments according to the vertical projection and merges the character segments that belong to the same character or splits the wider character segment according to the prior knowledge; finally, segments the characters according to the number and the width of the character segments. This algorithm is more efficiency under the condition that the license plate images are degraded, such as declining, faded, distorted, fogged, etc, quality degradation license plate.
Study of Tribochemical Processes on Hard Disks Using Photoemission Electron Microscopy (1999)

The interface between hard disk and slider involves mechanical and tribochemical processes between the hard carbon overcoat of the disk, the lubricant, and the carbon coated or uncoated slider surface. These processes have been studied by two related X-ray techniques—Near Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy and Photoemission Electron Microscopy (PEEM) using X-rays. NEXAFS allows studying the elemented composition and chemical bonding in a material, whereas PEEM combines this ability with imaging of the sample. Lubricated and unlubricated disks were worn under various conditions using carbon coated and uncoated sliders. The wear tracks on the hard disks were investigated using PEEM to find chemical and elemental changes caused by the wear. Local NEXAFS spectra taken in wear tracks using the PEEM microscope show no chemical changes on unlubricated disks, just a reduction of the hard carbon overcoat thickness. On lubricated disks remarkable chemical modifications of the lubricants caused by the wear are observed if the disks failed the wear tests. The chemical changes are manifested in a formation of various new carbon-oxygen (mostly carboxylic) bonds in the wear tracks and in a strong reduction of the amount of fluorine and carbon. The chemical modifications were only found inside the wear tracks and are clearly caused by the wear. It was found that lubricant degradation is not solely a mechanical process of molecule scission but accompanied by oxidation reactions. The chemical changes were strongly correlated to the tribological behavior of the disks: the worse the disks performed in the wear tests, the stronger were the chemical modifications.
Pharmacological Effects of Adenosine on Canine Penile Erection. (1991)

We investigated the pharmacological effects of adenosine on canine penile erection in vivo. Intracavernous injection of adenosine induced a full erection, which was unaffected by hexamethonium and atropine. The erectile response induced by adenosine was augmented by intracavernous pretreatment with dipyridamole and markedly depressed by theophylline. The erectile response induced by cavernous nerve stimulation was also enhanced by dipyridamole and reduced by theophylline. The combination of acetylcholine and adenosine, when injected intracavernously, induced a full erection, and the effect of these drugs was not additive but synergistic. These results suggest that penile erection induced by adenosine is due to a direct relaxing effect on cavernous smooth muscle. We propose that adenosine plays a cooperative role with acetylcholine and also has a physiological role as a neuromodulator in canine penile erection.
Biosynthesis of the natural porphyrins: experiments on the ring-closure steps and with the hydroxy-analogue of porphobilinogen (1979)

Experiments on the conversion of porphobilinogen PBG (1) into uro'gens support formation of the pyrrolenine (4) which, at least for production of uro'gen-I (9), is converted next into the hydroxymethylbilane (6); the status of the latter for uro'gen-III (10) formation and the nature of the interaction between deaminase and cosynthetase are also studied.
Variable Viscosity Jets: Entrainment and Mixing Process (2015)

International audience
Fibre-optic measurement of tracheal pressure in paediatric endotracheal tubes (2001)

s and Programme: European Society of Anaesthesiologists; 9th Annual Meeting with the Swedish Society of Anaesthesiology; Gothenburg, Sweden, 7-10 April 2001: Monitoring Equipment and Computers
Deprotonation of 2-aminoethanethiol complexes of nickel(II) and palladium(II) (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDeprotonation of 2-aminoethanethiol complexes of nickel(II) and palladium(II)George W. Watt, John F. Knifton, and C. V. SenoffCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1969, 8, 11, 2252–2254Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50081a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50081a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views100Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An SRAM Design in 65-nm Technology Node Featuring Read and Write-Assist Circuits to Expand Operating Voltage (2007)

This paper describes a 32-Mb SRAM that has been designed and fabricated in a 65-nm low-power CMOS Technology. The 62-mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> die features read-assist and write-assist circuit techniques that expand the operating voltage range and improve manufacturability across technology platforms. Hardware measurements demonstrate the fail-count improvements achieved by integrating these techniques. The decrease in fail-count provides a 100-mV improvement of VDDMIN during the read operation. Write operations are also improved, especially with weak NFET cell transistors. The circuit techniques have been replicated on a 72-Mb stand-alone standard SRAM product where the area overhead from the additional circuits is approximately 4%. The 32-Mb SRAM has also been successfully migrated to other yield-learning SRAMs in 45-nm bulk and SOI technologies with minimum circuit changes
Agronomic Biofortification of Garlic through Selenium and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Application (2021)

Garlic has a strong ability of selenium (Se) accumulation and is one of the best target crops for Se biofortification. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation might enhance the nutritional qualities and the absorption ability of exogenous Se in plants. However, little is known about the exogenous Se application and AMF inoculation on garlic. Here, we evaluated the effects of different concentrations of exogenous Se on the growth, nutritional quality, and selenium enrichment of garlic. The results demonstrated that significantly higher Se content of garlic bulb was found in exogenous Se treated plants, and the Se accumulation was improved with the increasing of Se supply. Low application of exogenous Se appreciably improved the yield and the contents of soluble sugar and allicin in garlic bulbs, but the opposite was observed at high Se concentration. Furthermore, AMF inoculation significantly reduced the inhibition effect of high concentration Se on garlic. AMF supply was effective in improving the growth and nutritional indicators of garlic, which promoted the exogenous Se utilization rate when combined with 10 mg/L exogenous Se treatment. The results will provide a more theoretical basis for the production of high-quality selenium enrichment garlic.
Introduction to Wireless Networks Minitrack (2015)

Security is challenging for wireless networks, in part because signals radiate outwards and can be intercepted easily and unobtrusively. Because of this, security cannot be provided simply by protecting the hardware, and must be supported by the communication protocol and implementation.
Two-site Photometry and Spectroscopy of the Rapidly Pulsating sdB Star EC 22221-3152 (2017)

We present follow-up photometry and spectroscopy of the rapidly pulsating subdwarf B star EC 22221-3152. Using the SAAO 1.0-m telescope and the 0.4-m Panchromatic Robotic Optical Monitoring and Polarimetry Telescopes (PROMPT) at the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO), we monitored the star photometrically for one week. By combining data from both telescopes, we were able to resolve 18 significant periodicities in the light curve. Seven of these signals consist of combination frequencies, a first harmonic, and possible rotational splittings that would be indicative of an 8.2-d rotation period. The remaining 11 periodicities appear to represent independent oscillation modes, including three not originally detected in the discovery work. Time series spectroscopy obtained with the Goodman spectrograph on the 4.1-m SOAR telescope reveals possible velocity variations corresponding to two of the observed pulsation modes. From atmospheric model fits to the spectra, we derive K, log g = 5.86 ± 0.15, and log N(He)/N(H) = −1.4 ± 0.3 and confirm the star's status as one of the hottest sdBVr stars currently known.
The architecture and operational characteristics of the VMX host machine (1982)

The VMX host machine is a hardware-firmware environment for implementation of actual computer systems with a favorable price performance ratio. The article presents the host framework architecture, together with all units which are used to build actual systems. The advantages and future potential of the architecture is briefly discussed. The notion of memory directives within the frame-work of an active (or “intelligent”) memory unit is introduced. This notion serves as one example of the possibilities that are built into the architecture of the VMX host.
Drug‐elicited systemic allergic (contact) dermatitis – update and possible pathomechanisms (2008)

An allergic dermatitis reaction may develop after systemic exposure to a hapten that reaches the skin through haematogenous transport. This condition can be observed with and without previous cutaneous sensitization to the hapten but has traditionally been described following topical exposure. A heterogeneous clinical picture, in combination with limited insight to its pathomechanisms, makes such systemic reactions an area in need of further study. This article summarizes knowledge about systemic dermatitis elicited by drugs, with a special emphasis on possible pathomechanisms. A list of putative pathomechanisms is offered for future research. Literature was examined using PubMed-MEDLINE, EMBASE, Biosis, and Science Citation Index. Based on the literature, it is likely that humoral type 3, delayed-type hypersensitivity, and drug-driven (i.e. p-i concept) reactions are involved. As commonly used terms may be misleading because skin contact is not a prerequisite, we suggest that the term 'systemic allergic dermatitis' should be used in the future.