gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
APODIZED PUPIL LYOT CORONAGRAPHS FOR ARBITRARY APERTURES. II. THEORETICAL PROPERTIES AND APPLICATION TO EXTREMELY LARGE TELESCOPES (2009)

We study the application of Lyot coronagraphy to future Extremely Large Telescopes (ELTs), showing that Apodized Pupil Lyot Coronagraphs enable high-contrast imaging for exoplanet detection and characterization with ELTs. We discuss the properties of the optimal pupil apodizers for this application (generalized prolate spheroidal functions). The case of a circular aperture telescope with a central obstruction is considered in detail, and we discuss the effects of primary mirror segmentation and secondary mirror support structures as a function of the occulting mask size. In most cases where inner working distance is critical, e.g., for exoplanet detection, these additional features do not alter the solutions derived with just the central obstruction, although certain applications such as quasar-host galaxy coronagraphic observations could benefit from designs that explicitly accomodate ELT spider geometries. We illustrate coronagraphic designs for several ELT geometries including ESO/OWL, the Thirty Mirror Telescope, the Giant Magellan Telescope, and describe numerical methods for generating these designs.
ChemInform Abstract: A SIMPLE METHODOLOGY FOR AZAANNULENE SYNTHESIS: PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF 2,15‐DIETHOXYCARBONYL‐4,7:10,13‐DIEPOXY‐2‐CIS,8‐CIS,14‐CIS‐AZA(15)ANNULENE (1984)

Abstract Der Bis‐aldehyd (I) und das Phosphorylid (II) reagieren zum ungesättigten Ester (III), der mit dem Azid (IV) zum Azidodiester (V) kondensiert.
Fatty Acids Profiles of Stipe and Blade from the Norwegian Brown Macroalga <em>Laminaria hyperborea</em>, Using Off-Line SPE and GC-MS (2016)

A thorough analysis and comparison of the fatty acid profiles of stipe and blade from Laminaria hyperborea, a kelp species found in the northern Atlantic, is presented. Lipids were extracted and fractionated into neutral lipids, free fatty acids and polar lipids, then derivatized to fatty acid methyl esters prior to GC-MS analysis. A total of 42 fatty acids were identified and quantified, including the n-3 fatty acids &amp;alpha;-linolenic acid, stearidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid. An n-6/n-3 ratio of 0.8:1 was found in blade and 3.5:1 in stipe, respectively. The ratios vary between the lipid fractions within stipe and blade, with the lowest ratio in the polar lipid fraction of blade. The fatty acid amounts are higher in blade than in stipe, and the highest amounts of n-3 fatty acids are found within the neutral lipid fractions. The amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids are 3.4 times higher in blade than stipe. This study highlights the compositional differences between the lipid fractions of stipe and blade from L. hyperborea. The amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids, compared to saturated- and monounsaturated fatty acids, as well as the n-6/n-3-ratio, is known to influence human health. In the pharmaceutical, food, and feed industries this can be of importance for production and sale of different health products. Additionally, lipids are today among the unused by products of alginate production, exploiting this material for commercial interest should give both economical and environmental benefits.
Structured Pd–Au/Cu-fiber catalyst for gas-phase hydrogenolysis of dimethyl oxalate to ethylene glycol (2015)

Galvanic co-deposition of 0.5 wt% Au and 0.1 wt% Pd on a microfibrous-structure using 8 μm Cu-fibers delivers a Pd-Au/Cu-fiber catalyst, which is highly active, selective and stable for the hydrogenolysis of dimethyl oxalate to ethylene glycol. Au and Pd synergistically promote the hydrogenolysis activity of Cu(+) sites, while Au also critically stabilizes Cu(+) sites to prevent deep reductive deactivation.
Cellular pharmacology of p120 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide phosphorothioate ISIS 3466. (1993)

Previous studies demonstrated that an antisense phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide, ISIS 3466, to the human nucleolar p120 protein, markedly inhibited the growth of human tumor cell lines in vitro and inhibited the growth of the human LOX tumor in vivo in an i.p./i.p. model, in the presence of DOTMA (Perlaky et al., Anti-Cancer Drug Design 8:3-14, 1993). In vitro, DOTMA enhanced the effect of the antisense oligodeoxynucleotide was associated with the LOX cells after 4 hr treatment than in the absence of DOTMA. A 100-fold higher concentration of the oligodeoxynucleotide was required to introduce the same amount of oligodeoxynucleotide into the cells in the absence of DOTMA than in the presence of DOTMA. Kinetic analysis showed that the cell-associated oligodeoxynucleotide accumulated rapidly and reached a plateau after 1 hr incubation. When these cells were placed in a complete medium without the oligodeoxynucleotide, there was a 50% decrease in the oligodeoxynucleotide after 21 hr. A 35% reduction of p120 mRNA and a 50% reduction of p120 protein was found after ISIS 3466 treatment. Further study is needed to explore the tumor-inhibitory mechanisms of the effects of antisense oligodeoxynucleotide ISIS 3466.
Refractive Designs for Visible to Mid-Wave Infrared Wavelengths (1990)

Remote sensing applications require monitoring ground reflectances through the visible and into the infrared spectrum. Many refractive designs exist for the visible (0.4μm to 0.7μm) as well as medium-wave infrared, MWIR, (3.0μm to 5.0μm) applications. However, design solutions that bridge the gap between these two spectral regions are not very common. Recent work at SBRC has uncovered several solutions with reduced secondary color in the 1.0μm to 3.0μm band and that even extend from 0.5μm to 5.0μm.
Inhomogeneous energy landscape in LaAlO3/SrTiO3 nanostructures (2019)

A nanoscale cross, written at the LaAlO<sub>3</sub>/SrTiO<sub>3</sub> interface using conductive AFM lithography, reveals an inhomogeneous electronic band structure.
Stable Transmission of 12 OAM States in Air-Core Fiber (2013)

We demonstrate modally pure propagation over a record number (12) of modes in an optical fiber. An air-core fiber enables this by supporting OAM states. We achieve mode purities &gt;10dB over 2m for all states and &gt;20dB after 1km for a 2 state subset.
Enhanced Optical Trapping and Arrangement of Nano-Objects in a Plasmonic Nanocavity (2011)

Gentle manipulation of micrometer-sized dielectric objects with optical forces has found many applications in both life and physical sciences. To further extend optical trapping toward the true nanometer scale, we present an original approach combining self-induced back action (SIBA) trapping with the latest advances in nanoscale plasmon engineering. The designed resonant trap, formed by a rectangular plasmonic nanopore, is successfully tested on 22 nm polystyrene beads, showing both single- and double-bead trapping events. The mechanism responsible for the higher stability of the double-bead trapping is discussed, in light of the statistical analysis of the experimental data and numerical calculations. Furthermore, we propose a figure of merit that we use to quantify the achieved trapping efficiency and compare it to prior optical nanotweezers. Our approach may open new routes toward ultra-accurate immobilization and arrangement of nanoscale objects, such as biomolecules.
Innovative microbial fuel cell for energy harvesting and corrosion protection (2011)

Microbial Fuel cells (MFCs) are batteries driven by bacteria. MFCs have the potential of powering small sensors in remote areas and disposing organic waste safely by harvesting the energy stored in the waste products. From previous research in this field, a few important factors for MFC performance have been identified. These include the internal resistance of MFC, the surface area of anode with catalyst for the biofilm development, the type and number of bacteria, and the abundance of nutritional supplies to the bacteria. This paper describes the design of a novel single chamber MFC (SMFC) with carbon electrodes. Experiments were conducted to establish the relationship between each parameter and the power production. It is shown here that this SCMFC can generate electrical current without the use of PEM membranes or additives; the maximum voltage of around 411 mV can be achieved at the room temperature. These results also measured a various parameters such as pH, dissolved oxygen and solution conductivity during the operation of SMFC. Finally, experiment was conducted to evaluate an innovative concept of using MFC for corrosion protection.
Bioelectrochemical Enhancement of Methanogenic Metabolism in Anaerobic Digestion of Food Waste Under Salt Stress Conditions (2021)

Bioelectrochemical anaerobic digestion, a promising concept, has been proven to improve anaerobic digestion (AD) performance in methane production. However, it has been challenged by the unstable performances attributed to high-salt stress in food waste (FW). In this study, an Fe anode-assisted bioelectrochemical anaerobic digester (R1) was proposed to facilitate FW treatment. Batch experiments were conducted under different salt stresses to understand the impact of Fe-carbon microbial electrolysis cells on the performance of AD of FW. The results indicated that R1 achieved the highest specific methane yield of 0.15 L/g VS·day–1 as compared with the controls after being exposed to 20 g/L Na+. As demonstrated from metagenomic and metaproteomics analysis, the gene abundance and enzyme activity of salt-tolerant microbial communities were improved with the presence of an Fe anode in AD, which might be achieved by participating in the biosynthesis of key kinases or altering the metabolic pathways of cells. Methanothrix, a dominant species of salt-tolerant methanogenic archaea, could rely on CO2 reduction by using iron electrodes as an electron contact to facilitate methane metabolism. The enzyme of sodium transport ATPase 5 capability in excreting Na+ from the cell and regulating the cell penetration was enriched in R1, thereby significantly improving the salt tolerance under high salinities.
Absorbable Conductive Electrotherapeutic Scaffolds (ACES) for Enhanced Peripheral Nerve Regeneration and Stimulation (2022)

Abstract While peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) has shown promise in applications ranging from peripheral nerve regeneration after injury to therapeutic organ stimulation, clinical implementation has been impeded by various technological limitations, including surgical placement, lead migration, and atraumatic removal. Here, we describe the design and validation of a new platform for nerve regeneration and interfacing: Absorbable, Conductive, Electrotherapeutic Scaffolds (ACES). ACES are comprised of an alginate/poly-acrylamide interpenetrating network hydrogel optimized for both open and minimally invasive percutaneous approaches. In a rodent model of sciatic nerve repair, ACES significantly improved motor and sensory recovery ( p &lt; 0.05), increased muscle mass ( p &lt; 0.05), and increased axonogenesis ( p &lt; 0.05). Triggered dissolution of ACES enabled atraumatic, percutaneous removal of leads at forces significantly lower than controls ( p &lt; 0.05). In a porcine model, ultrasound-guided percutaneous placement of leads with an injectable ACES near the femoral and cervical vagus nerves facilitated stimulus conduction at significantly greater lengths than saline controls ( p &lt; 0.05). Overall, ACES facilitated lead placement, stabilization, stimulation and atraumatic removal enabling therapeutic PNS as demonstrated in small and large animal models.
Energy Efficiency and Performance Limiting Effects in Thermo-Osmotic Energy Conversion from Low-Grade Heat (2017)

Low-grade heat energy from sources below 100 °C is available in massive quantities around the world, but cannot be converted to electricity effectively using existing technologies due to variability in the heat output and the small temperature difference between the source and environment. The recently developed thermo-osmotic energy conversion (TOEC) process has the potential to harvest energy from low-grade heat sources by using a temperature difference to create a pressurized liquid flux across a membrane, which can be converted to mechanical work via a turbine. In this study, we perform the first analysis of energy efficiency and the expected performance of the TOEC technology, focusing on systems utilizing hydrophobic porous vapor-gap membranes and water as a working fluid. We begin by developing a framework to analyze realistic mass and heat transport in the process, probing the impact of various membrane parameters and system operating conditions. Our analysis reveals that an optimized system can achieve heat-to-electricity energy conversion efficiencies up to 4.1% (34% of the Carnot efficiency) with hot and cold working temperatures of 60 and 20 °C, respectively, and an operating pressure of 5 MPa (50 bar). Lower energy efficiencies, however, will occur in systems operating with high power densities (>5 W/m<sup>2</sup>) and with finite-sized heat exchangers. We identify that the most important membrane properties for achieving high performance are an asymmetric pore structure, high pressure resistance, a high porosity, and a thickness of 30 to 100 μm. We also quantify the benefits in performance from utilizing deaerated water streams, strong hydrodynamic mixing in the membrane module, and high heat exchanger efficiencies. Overall, our study demonstrates the promise of full-scale TOEC systems to extract energy from low-grade heat and identifies key factors for performance optimization moving forward.
Evaluation of Bonding Interface Strength by Pull-Out Test of Soldered Thin Copper Wire (2016)

Pull-out tests were carried out for thin copper wires soldered to nickel rod by lead-free solder, and the bonding interface strength was examined. A large variation was observed in the maximum load of the pull-out tests while the load-displacement curves were similar in all tests. Since thecorrelation between the apparent bond length of solder and the maximum load was not clear, the actual bonded area was evaluated on the surface of each copper wire after the test using the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The maximum load was correlated well with the actual bonded area, which shows that the pull-out strength can be evaluated by the actual bonded area.
L‐Citrulline Inhibits Chronic Hypoxia‐Induced Pulmonary Hypertension in Newborn Piglets (2008)

Decreased Nitric Oxide (NO) production may contribute to the development of chronic hypoxia‐induced PHT. NO is produced from arginine by nitric oxide synthase. Citrulline is metabolized to arginine and may increase the amount of arginine available for NO production. Our goal was to determine if supplementation with L‐citrulline inhibits chronic hypoxia‐induced PHT in newborn pigs. Two day old pigs were kept in hypoxia (H, n=15) or normoxia (controls, C, n=5) for 10 days. Some (n=5) H pigs received oral L‐citrulline (0.13 mg/kg/dose bid). Catheters were placed to measure pulmonary artery pressure (Ppa), left ventricular end diastolic pressure, cardiac output by thermodilution and exhaled NO concentration (ppb). Ppa (cm H 2 O) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR, cmH2O.ml −1. min −1. kg −1 ) were higher in untreated H (Ppa 39±3, PVR 0.13±0.01) than C (Ppa 21±3, PVR 0.04±0.01) piglets. Ppa and calculated PVR in citrulline‐treated H (Ppa 27±1, PVR 0.07±0.004) did not differ from C. Values for exhaled NO were lower in untreated H (1.5 ±0.2) than C (3.4±0.6) but did not differ between citrulline‐treated H (2.5±0.4) and C pigs. Thus, L‐citrulline increases NO production and inhibits the development of PHT in piglets exposed to 10 days chronic hypoxia. We speculate that enteral supplementation with L‐citrulline may limit pulmonary vascular changes in neonates who have prolonged periods of hypoxia. Supported: AHA‐SE Affil
Connex memories and rewriting systems (2002)

The aim of this paper is to offer a theoretical framework for our concept of connex memory, initially introduced as a proposal for an efficient implementation of list-oriented programming languages. The Markov Algorithms and the Lindenmeyer Grammars offer the theoretical support for the main connex memory applications: the rewriting systems. We also introduce a parallel version (with multiple access) for the function of the connex memory. We call eco-chip a two dimensional cellular automaton used as support for a multiple accessed connex memory.
Examination of Campylobacter jejuni Putative Adhesins Leads to the Identification of a New Protein, Designated FlpA, Required for Chicken Colonization (2009)

Campylobacter jejuni colonization of chickens is presumably dependent upon multiple surface-exposed proteins termed adhesins. Putative C. jejuni adhesins include CadF, CapA, JlpA, major outer membrane protein, PEB1, Cj1279c, and Cj1349c. We examined the genetic relatedness of 97 C. jejuni isolates recovered from human, poultry, bovine, porcine, ovine, and canine sources by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and examined their profile of putative adhesin-encoding genes by dot blot hybridization. To assess the individual contribution of each protein in bacterium-host cell adherence, the C. jejuni genes encoding the putative adhesins were disrupted by insertional mutagenesis. The phenotype of each mutant was judged by performing in vitro cell adherence assays with chicken LMH hepatocellular carcinoma epithelial cells and in vivo colonization assays with broiler chicks. MLST analysis indicated that the C. jejuni isolates utilized in this study were genetically diverse. Dot blot hybridization revealed that the C. jejuni genes encoding the putative adhesins, with the exception of capA, were conserved among the isolates. The C. jejuni CadF, CapA, Cj1279c, and Cj1349c proteins were found to play a significant role in the bacterium's in vitro adherence to chicken epithelial cells, while CadF, PEB1, and Cj1279c were determined to play a significant role in the bacterium's in vivo colonization of broiler chicks. Collectively, the data indicate that Cj1279c is a novel adhesin. Because Cj1279c harbors fibronectin type III domains, we designated the protein FlpA, for fibronectin-like protein A.
Towards Fibroid Gene Therapy: Adenovirus-Mediated Delivery of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Thymidine Kinase Gene/Ganciclovir Shrinks Uterine Leiomyoma in the Eker Rat Model (2009)

These studies demonstrate a marked efficiency and high safety for the Ad-HSV1TK/GCV therapeutic approach in the context of Eker rat uterine leiomyomas and provide essential preclinical data for the development of Ad-HSV1TK/GCV gene therapy for uterine fibroids.
Stereospecific Introduction of Functionalized Angular Methyl Groups via the Claisen Rearrangement. The Octalin and Hydrindenyl Ring Systems (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereospecific Introduction of Functionalized Angular Methyl Groups via the Claisen Rearrangement. The Octalin and Hydrindenyl Ring SystemsW Dauben and T DietscheCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1972, 37, 23, 3754Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1972Publication History Published online29 December 2003Published inissue 1 November 1972https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00796a921RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views20Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (140 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Optical Frequency Comb Based on Cr:ZnS Laser (2020)

We report mid-IR frequency comb with 3.25 W average power and spectrum spanning 60 THz near 2.4 pm. We stabilized the offset frequency of the comb with accumulated phase error of 75 mrads.
Optimum Transmitter/Receiver Design for a Narrowband Overlay in Noncoordinated Subscriber Lines (2004)

Transmitter/receiver optimization for a generic narrowband overlay communication scenario is addressed. The overlay and existing legacy systems are assumed to occupy the same frequency bands for spectral efficiency, thus introducing cochannel interference; however, the new and legacy systems are assumed to be noncooperative, as is appropriate for some pragmatic scenarios. A composite figure of merit is used consisting of a weighted sum of the mean-squared error (MSE) of the (new) overlay system plus the excess MSE in the legacy system caused by the introduction of the overlay system. Necessary conditions on the transmitter and receiver that jointly optimize the above metric are derived. The effects of varying key parameters such as the loop length (range) and transmitter power are investigated via computational examples.
Optical System for Spatial Discriminaton of Radiation from Extended Bodies (1969)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text G. L. Rogoff, "Optical System for Spatial Discriminaton of Radiation from Extended Bodies," Appl. Opt. 8, 723-724 (1969) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Assessing Prevalence and Efficacy of Medication Management Aids in Patients with Parkinson's Disease (P02.086) (2013)

OBJECTIVE: To determine how commonly Parkinson's disease (PD) patients use medication management aids and evaluate whether these are associated with improved adherence.
Influence of TiO2 addition on the structure and metallurgical properties of coke (2018)

Cokes were produced in an electrical furnace from a coal blend containing varying levels of added TiO2. The effects of TiO2 levels on coke structure and properties were then considered. Mercury intrusion porosimetry analysis showed that, at increasing TiO2 addition, macropore level increased but mesopores level decreased. In part because of these changes in pore properties, coke mechanical strength decreased but its strength after gasification improved up to a TiO2 addition of about 1% and then deteriorated slightly. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that average stacking heights and lateral size of layer structures varied with TiO2 addition levels. Crystallites volume was determined through assuming a cylindrical carbon structure with multiple multi-aromatic rings arranged in parallel. A logarithmic relationship was found to exist between this parameter and coke thermal properties. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis showed a strong linear correlation between the coke reactivity, coke strength after reaction, and C = O content in the oxygen functional groups. It was concluded from this study that added TiO2 decreased the proportion of carbon active sites in the coke because of increasing carbon crystallites volume and decreasing C = O functional groups, and this resulted in decreased reactivity during gasification and increased coke strength after gasification.