gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhanced interaction between tubulin and microtubule‐associated protein 2 via inhibition of MAP kinase and CDC2 kinase by paclitaxel (1995)

Paclitaxel, an anti-mitotic anti-cancer agent, is active against solid tumors. The inhibition of depolymerization and promotion of microtubular assembly are essential for the anti-tumor activity of paclitaxel. Microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) co-polymerize with tubulin and play some roles in microtubular dynamics. We examined the effect of paclitaxel on the interaction between tubulin and MAPs. Human lung-cancer cells, PC-14, were synchronized to G1/S border by the thymidine-double-block technique. After release from exposure to thymidine, the cells were treated briefly with 2 nM paclitaxel and the levels of alpha and beta tubulins and MAPs were examined after various times. Immunoblot analysis of paclitaxel-treated cells showed no changes in the overall expression of alpha and beta tubulins, microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) or MAPs in comparison with controls. The samples were immunoprecipitated with anti-alpha- and anti-beta-tubulin antibodies and reblotted with an anti-MAP2 antibody, which showed that the amount of co-immuno-precipitated MAP2 in the synchronized cells, were increased by the brief paclitaxel treatment. These results suggest that paclitaxel treatment enhances the interaction between alpha and beta tubulins and MAP2. Since the phosphorylation state of MAP2 regulates the affinity of MAP2 for tubulins, and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase is considered to be one of the kinases responsible for MAP2 phosphorylation, the effect of paclitaxel treatment on the MAP-kinase activity of synchronized PC-14 cells was examined. Two bands with molecular masses of 42 and 44 kDa were detected by an "intra-gel" MAP-kinase assay using myelin basic protein as the substrate. Paclitaxel treatment inhibited the MAP-kinase activity of PC-14 cells and inhibition was maximal at the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. Similar, concentration-dependent inhibition by paclitaxel of cellular MAP kinase of human synchronized small-cell lung carcinoma, H69, was observed. No inhibition of the MAP kinase of the paclitaxel-resistant sub-line H69/Txl by paclitaxel was observed, suggesting that some change of the MAP-kinase cascade had occurred in these cells. No direct inhibition of MAP-kinase activity by paclitaxel was observed in the cell-free assay (in vitro), suggesting that paclitaxel did not inhibit MAP kinase directly. Since it has been speculated that p34cdc2 kinase is also a kinase that phosphorylates MAP2, the effect of paclitaxel treatment on the p34cdc2-kinase activity of synchronized PC-14 and PC-9 cells was examined. Paclitaxel inhibited p34cdc2-kinase activation at the G2/M phase. These results suggest that paclitaxel inhibited MAP kinase and p34cdc2 kinase in vivo indirectly. These actions of paclitaxel may be responsible for the increased affinity between MAP2 and tubulins that it induces.
Laser Synthesis Of Powders From Large Molecules (1984)

Much of the early work in laser-driven powder synthesis has employed as reactants small molecules (especially hydrides) which have a limited range of potential reaction products. We have been interested in powder synthesis reactions beginning with larger molecular species, in order to access a wider range of reactivity and material compositions, and have found that the broader range of gaseous and solid products obtained provides insight into the details of the laser-driven synthesis process. We have dealt mainly with organosilicon compounds, using a cw CO2 laser for material synthesis and a pulsed CO<sub>2</sub> laser to probe the reaction kinetics at short times. The cw reactions are carried out on a flowing gas stream at 145-4000 W/cm<sup>2</sup> and an exposure time of 20 ± 10 msec. The pulsed experiments are done in a static cell at low pressure using laser pulse widths of 0.5 psec and intensities of 1 MW/cm<sup>2</sup>. The pulsed experiments provide data on the initial bond-breaking steps which occurs the reactant molecules heat up. We find that, even at ultimate reaction temperatures of 1500 K in cw experiments, the kinetics of the first reaction steps are important to product formation. We also find that quenching in the cw experiments is sufficiently rapid to allow back-calculation of the pyrolysis temperature from the composition of the light hydrocarbon products. The implications of these results for laser driven powder synthesis are discussed in terms of a general mechanism for reaction initiation, powder growth, and reaction quenching.
Advances on the development of the detection system of C-BORD’s rapidly relocatable tagged neutron inspection (2018)

The European H2020 project entitled “effective container inspection at border control point” (C-BORD) focuses on the development and in-situ tests of a comprehensive, cost-effective solution for the generalized non-intrusive inspection (NII) of containers and large-volume freight at the European Union border. The opening procedures of suspect containers are time consuming and expensive for economical and safety reasons; therefore, to reduce such operations, the C-BORD project aims to develop a set of technologies that can improve the quality of NII. Among these techniques, a tagged neutron inspection system is being developed in the C-BORD project. It will be a second-line defense system, to be used on sealed containers to detect explosives, illicit drugs, and chemical agents in suspect voxels (elementary volume units). This method employs a beam of tagged neutrons and a set of NaI(Tl) and LaBr[Formula: see text](Ce) scintillators, which will be used to detect prompt gamma rays produced by the neutron interactions. Here we report the advances on the development of the C-BORD’s rapidly relocatable tagged neutron inspection system, in particular the comprehensive characterization of the NaI(Tl) and LaBr[Formula: see text](Ce) gamma detectors (time and energy resolutions, high-count-rate behavior), the digital analysis for time-coincidence measurements and the data acquisition system (DAQ).
Une nouvelle approche des contours actifs basés région utilisant une information locale et globale (2011)

International audience
The influence of physico‐chemical parameters, substrate concentration, and species variations on the biochemical methane production rates of ten tropical/subtropical grasses (2018)

Abstract There are several problems faced by small island developing states (SIDS), especially when it comes to waste management and energy production. There is little land space available for dumping and fuel has to be imported in order to meet energy demands. These problems can be mitigated by using grass cuttings from landscaping, which are often dumped, to produced biogas, which can be used as a fuel. In this study the rates of methane production of 10 different tropical and subtropical species of grasses were determined. Based on the results for 20 g/kg samples, the specific rates of gas production ranged from 2.40 ± 0.21 NmL/gFM/day ( Zoysia matrella ) to 6.52 ± 0.36 NmL/gFM/day (lemon grass). It was also observed that organic dry matter (oDM) loads did not correlate with methane production, suggesting that the oDM content is not necessarily an accurate indicator of a substrate's methane potential, and highlighting areas for further study. The results in this paper provide a database on the rates of methane production of grasses which are common to the tropical and subtropical regions and can be found in several SIDS. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Eine Membran vor dem Massenspektrometer (2016)

In industriellen Prozessen ist die Massenspektrometrie für die Analyse von Gasen verbreitet. Mit einem neuartigen Einlasssystem misst ein mobiles Prozessmassenspektrometer nun auch Flüssigkeiten und Gase simultan und analysiert Reaktionsverläufe.
A series of energetic cyclo-pentazolate salts: rapid synthesis, characterization, and promising performance (2019)

A family of <italic>cyclo</italic>-pentazolate anion-based energetic salts was designed and synthesized by a rapid method, and these salts were evaluated as potential next generation energetic materials.
Effect of retinol in preventing squamous cell skin cancer in moderate-risk subjects: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. Southwest Skin Cancer Prevention Study Group. (1997)

We conducted a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial to examine the efficacy of retinol supplementation on the incidence of first new nonmelanoma skin cancer in moderate-risk subjects. A total of 2297 free-living subjects were enrolled; subjects resided in Arizona (median age, 63 years) and had a history of more than 10 actinic keratoses and at most 2 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) or basal cell carcinoma (BCC) skin cancers. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive oral retinol (25,000 IU) or placebo supplementation daily for up to 5 years. The primary end points for the trial were time to first new SCC or BCC. During a median follow-up time of 3.8 years, we found that 526 subjects had a first new skin cancer. Comparing retinol-supplemented subjects with placebo-supplemented subjects showed a hazard ratio for first new SCC of 0.74 (95% confidence interval, 0.56-0.99; P = 0.04). The hazard ratio of first new BCC for the retinol-supplemented subjects compared with those receiving placebo was 1.06 (95% confidence interval, 0.86-1.32; P = 0.36). Potentially adverse symptoms that were judged to be associated with retinol were rare (approximately 1% higher in the retinol group than in the control group). Therefore, we concluded that daily supplementation with 25,000 IU of retinol was effective in preventing SCC, although it did not prevent BCC.
Compression Loading Applied to Round Double Beam Fracture Specimens. II: Derivation of Geometry Factor (2002)

The round double beam loaded in eccentric compression has been shown to produce usable data when determining the fracture properties of materials with a relatively large characteristic length. In order to reduce these data, the geometry calibration factor must be known for the combination of specimen geometry and loading technique. Numerical simulations using the boundary element method have been used to determine the geometry calibration factor for a round double beam with a length to diameter ratio of 2:1 loaded in eccentric compression. The factor was determined by compliance calibration and direct calculation of stress intensities. Recognizing that laboratory test specimens will not have exactly the same geometry as the simulated specimen, geometry calibration factors have been determined for variations in the base geometry as well.
A universal adiabatic quantum query algorithm (2014)

Quantum query complexity is known to be characterized by the so-called quantum adversary bound. While this result has been proved in the standard discrete-time model of quantum computation, it also holds for continuous-time (or Hamiltonian-based) quantum computation, due to a known equivalence between these two query complexity models. In this work, we revisit this result by providing a direct proof in the continuous-time model. One originality of our proof is that it draws new connections between the adversary bound, a modern technique of theoretical computer science, and early theorems of quantum mechanics. Indeed, the proof of the lower bound is based on Ehrenfest's theorem, while the upper bound relies on the adiabatic theorem, as it goes by constructing a universal adiabatic quantum query algorithm. Another originality is that we use for the first time in the context of quantum computation a version of the adiabatic theorem that does not require a spectral gap.
Scanning Electron Microscope Study of Superconducting Transport in a YBa2Cu3O7-δ thin film (1989)

By combining electron probing with current biasing at low temperatures a map of the transport characteristics of a mixed phase thin film superconductor can be obtained. The electron beam of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) acts as a local heat source. Under the proper conditions of temperature, bias current, and beam current, variations in the superconducting state can be mapped and compared to microstructure and chemical phase information. This method has recently been applied to high T c superconductors to map critical currents and to identify weak links in superconducting paths. We discuss here the possible application of the technique to identify the superconducting phase within a matrix of non-superconducting material. The sample was an ∼1 μm thin film that was grown by sputtering from a YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ target onto a [001] SrTiO 3 substrate. A more detailed description of the growth procedure is given elsewhere. The morphology, crystallinity, and stoichiometry of the samples were characterized in the SEM. The film had several chemical phases and a morphology consisting of large rectangular platelets (typical size 200х50 μm), covering ∼20-30% of the surface.
Selective Nanofiber Deposition Using a Microfluidic Confinement Approach (2009)

The ability to create structurally complex, accurate micropatterns in biocompatible and biodegradable nanofiber mats is important in maximally mimicking the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) for cell biology and tissue engineering. We present a simple, versatile method for the selective deposition of nanofibers with high definition using a unique microfluidic fiber collector. The collector contains fiber etching solutions that are selectively confined to defined regions by means of photocleavable self-assembled monolayer technology and microfluidic capillary filling. The presented approach achieves arbitrarily shaped, microsized, structurally accurate architectures in both random and aligned nanofibers.
Advances in Electrophoresis (1988)

From the Contents: Chiral Separations in Capillary Electrophoresis/ Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography/ Capillary Electrophoresis and Thin-Layer Electrophoresis of Carbohydrates/ The Analysis of Fluorophore Labeled Saccharides by High-resolution Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis/ Molecular Methods in Typing of Histocompatibility Antigenes/ DNA Heteroduplex Technology/ Bacterial Genome Analysis by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis Techniques/ Protein Blotting: Research, Applications and its Place in Protein Separation Methodology.
Asymmetric error field interaction with rotating conducting walls (2012)

The interaction of error fields with a system of differentially rotating conducting walls is studied analytically and compared to experimental data. Wall rotation causes eddy currents to persist indefinitely, attenuating and rotating the original error field. Superposition of error fields from external coils and plasma currents are found to break the symmetry in wall rotation direction. The vacuum and plasma eigenmodes are modified by wall rotation, with the error field penetration time decreased and the kink instability stabilized, respectively. Wall rotation is also predicted to reduce error field amplification by the marginally stable plasma.
Interaction of thiamin diphosphate with phosphorylated and dephosphorylated mammalian pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (2005)

Kinetic and binding studies were carried out on substrate and cofactor interaction with the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex from bovine heart. Fluoropyruvate and pyruvamide, previously described as irreversible and allosteric inhibitors, respectively, are strong competitive inhibitors with respect to pyruvate. Binding of thiamin diphosphate was used to study differences between the active dephosphorylated and inactive phosphorylated enzyme states by spectroscopic methods. The change in both the intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence and the fluorescence of the 6-bromoacetyl-2-dimethylaminonaphthalene-labelled enzyme complex produced on addition of the cofactor showed similar binding behaviour for both enzyme forms, with slightly higher affinity for the phosphorylated form. Changes in the CD spectrum, especially the negative Cotton effect at 330 nm as a function of cofactor concentration, both in the absence and presence of pyruvate, also revealed no drastic differences between the two enzyme forms. Thus, inactivation of the enzyme activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is not caused by impeding the binding of substrate or cofactor.
Rationally designed peptides for controlled release of nerve growth factor from fibrin matrices (2006)

The purpose of this research was to identify peptide sequences with varying affinity for nerve growth factor (NGF) and use them in the rational design of affinity-based drug delivery systems. A phage display library (12 amino acid random peptide sequence) was screened against NGF-conjugated chromatography resin three times and fractions containing phage of varying affinity were eluted by decreasing the pH of the eluent. These phages were isolated, amplified; then their DNA was purified and sequenced to determine the identity of the random peptide domain. Consensus peptides based on these sequences were synthesized and screened for their ability to bind NGF and release it at different rates from fibrin matrices. The ability of fibrin matrices containing these peptides and NGF to deliver to biologically active NGF was tested using a chick dorsal root ganglia model. A mathematical model was developed to further understand how the affinity of a peptide can modulate release of NGF and to aid in design optimization for the delivery system. The peptides identified in this study were determined to have varying affinities for NGF suggesting that this approach can serve as a model for tailoring the affinity of a drug delivery system for a target protein drug.
Predictive value of prostate‐specific antigen for prostate cancer: a nested case‐control study in EuroSIDA (2014)

PSA was highly predictive of PCa in HIV+ men. Our results indicate that PSA screening in HIV+ men may be useful, and further work is needed to identify potentially age-related cut-offs to maximize sensitivity and specificity to identify those for further evaluation at early stages of PCa.
Biotechnological approaches in glucosinolate production (2018)

Glucosinolates (GLSs) are sulfur-rich, amino acid-derived defense compounds characteristic of the Brassicales order. In the past, GLSs were mostly known as anti-nutritional factors in fodder, biopesticides in agriculture, and flavors in condiments such as mustard. However, in recent times, GLSs have received increased attention as promoters of human health. This has spurred intensive research towards generating rich sources of health-promoting GLSs. We provide a comprehensive overview of the biotechnological approaches applied to reach this goal. This includes optimization of GLS production and composition in native, GLS-producing plants, including hairy root and cell cultures thereof, as well as synthetic biology approaches in heterologous hosts, such as tobacco and the microbial organisms Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The progress using these different approaches is discussed.
Immunohistochemical and biochemical assay of versican in human sound predentine/dentine matrix (2009)

Aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of versican proteoglycan within the human dentine organic matrix by means of a correlative immunohistochemical analysis with field emission in-lens scanning electron microscope (FEI-SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), fluorescence microscope (FM) and biochemical assay. Specimens containing dentine and predentine were obtained from non carious human teeth and divided in three groups: 1) FEI-SEM group: sections were exposed to a pre-embedding immunohistochemical procedure; 2) TEM group: specimens were fixed, demineralised, embedded and submitted to a post-embedding immunohistochemical procedure; 3) FM group: sections mineralised and submitted to a pre-embedding immunohistochemical procedure with fluorescence labelling. Specimens were exposed to two different antibodies to assay distribution of versican fragments and whole versican molecule. Western Blotting analysis of dentine and pulp extracts was also performed. The correlative FEI-SEM,TEM and FM analysis revealed positive immunoreaction for versican fragments both in predentine and dentine, while few gold particles identifying the whole versican molecule were found in predentine only under TEM. No labelling of versican whole molecule was detected by FEI-SEM and FM analysis. The immunoblotting analysis confirmed the morphological findings. This study suggests that in fully developed human teeth versican fragments are significant constituents of the human dentine and predentine organic matrix, while versican whole molecule can be visualised in scarce amount within predentine only. The role of versican fragments within human dentine organic matrix should be further elucidated.
Electrophilic Substitution at a Saturated Carbon by Electron Deficient Nitrogen (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrophilic Substitution at a Saturated Carbon by Electron Deficient NitrogenGerald SmolinskyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 17, 4717–4719Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01502a065https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01502a065research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views313Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Calculation of valence electron motion induced by sequential strong-field ionisation (2013)

Strong-field ionisation leads to the formation of electron wave packets in the valence shell of the resulting ion under appropriate experimental conditions. Ab-initio calculations of the population and coherence dynamics are challenging and are usually limited to single ionisation of simple systems by linearly polarised fields. Here, a calculation based on static-field rate equations is presented to obtain the density matrix for sequential double ionisation. The results for single ionisation of neon and xenon by linearly polarised pulses are in satisfactory agreement with ab-initio calculations. For double ionisation of neon and xenon by elliptically polarised fields, five coherence channels with recurrence times between 1.1 fs and 51.9 fs are predicted to exhibit a significant degree of coherence. The degree of coherence is affected by the polarisation of the laser pulse and decreases in general for elliptical polarisation, but for the investigated cases a significant degree of coherence is predicted to occur up to the regime of close-to-circular polarisation.