gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Insights into the cavitation morphology of rubber reinforced with a nano-filler (2023)

Notwithstanding the various uses of rubber, the fracture mechanism of filler-reinforced rubber remains unclear. This study used four-dimensional computed tomography (4D-CT) involving monochromatic synchrotron X-rays to examine the cavitation within silica-reinforced rubber quantitatively and systematically. The results suggested a threshold value of silica content for the cavitation morphology. Macroscopic fractures, such as those developed by void formation, occurred below the threshold value of silica content. Above this threshold, the density of rubber decreased but macroscopic voids rarely occurred. The lower-density rubber area in the high-silica-content rubber was reversible at the effective pixel size for 4D-CT. These results suggest that the growth of the damage points to macrosized voids could be stopped by the formation of a network of rigid polymer layers. This study allows the elucidation of the reinforcing mechanism and the cavitation morphology of filler-reinforced rubber.
Extracting information from music audio (2006)

Information includes individual notes, tempo, beat, and other musical properties, along with listener preferences based on how the listener experiences music.
2-Trifluoromethoxydibenz[b,e][1,4]diazepine and 2-trifluoromethoxydibenz[b,f][1,4]-oxazepine derivatives (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT2-Trifluoromethoxydibenz[b,e][1,4]diazepine and 2-trifluoromethoxydibenz[b,f][1,4]-oxazepine derivativesFrancis J. McEvoy, E. N. Greenblatt, A. C. Osterberg, and George Rodger. AllenCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1970, 13, 2, 295–297Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1970https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00296a032RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views94Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (396 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
A novel nuclear phosphoprotein, GANP, is up-regulated in centrocytes of the germinal center and associated with MCM3, a protein essential for DNA replication (2000)

Antigen (Ag) immunization induces formation of the germinal center (GC), with large, rapidly proliferating centroblasts in the dark zone, and small, nondividing centrocytes in the light zone. We identified a novel nuclear protein, GANP, that is up-regulated in centrocytes. We found that GANP was up-regulated in GC B cells of Peyer's patches in normal mice and in spleens from Ag-immunized mice. GANP-positive cells appeared in the light zone of the GC, with coexpression of the peanut agglutinin (PNA) (PNA)-positive B220-positive phenotype. The expression of GANP was strikingly correlated with GC formation because Bcl6-deficient mice did not show the up-regulation of GANP. GANP-positive cells were mostly surrounded by follicular dendritic cells. Stimulation with anti-μ and anti-CD40 induced up-regulation of ganp messenger RNA as well as GANP protein in B220-positive B cells in vitro. GANP is a 210-kd protein localized in both the cytoplasm and nuclei, with a homologous region to Map80 that is associated with MCM3, a protein essential for DNA replication. Remarkably, GANP is associated with MCM3 in B cells and MCM3 is also up-regulated in the GC area. These results suggest that the up-regulation of GANP might participate in the development of Ag-driven B cells in GCs through its interaction with MCM3.
Integrating trust into grid resource management systems (2003)

Grid computing systems that have been the focus of much research in recent years provide a virtual framework for controlled sharing of resources across institutional boundaries. Security is a major concern in any system that enables remote execution. Several techniques can be used for providing security in grid systems including sandboxing, encryption, and other access control and authentication mechanisms. The additional overhead caused by these mechanisms may negate the performance advantages gained by grid computing. Hence, we contend that it is essential for the scheduler to consider the security implications while performing resource allocations. In this paper, we present a trust model for grid systems and show how the model can be used to incorporate security implications into scheduling algorithms. Three scheduling heuristics that can be used in a grid system are modified to incorporate the trust notion and simulations are performed to evaluate the performance.
Real-time markerless human body tracking with multi-view 3-d voxel reconstruction. (2004)

This paper presents a robust method for real-time visual human body tracking. We perform a hierarchical 3-D reconstruction from multiple camera views as a basis for tracking. Blobs attached to a kinematic model are then used to reliably track individual body parts with both volume and color information. We describe how the blob-model is dynamically adjusted to accommodate different body configurations. In tests, our system has proved robust in presence of noisy data and self-occlusions. 1
Jatrorrhizine hydrochloride inhibits the proliferation and neovascularization of C8161 metastatic melanoma cells (2013)

Malignant melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer. Although various antimelanoma approaches have been used in the clinics to treat the disease over the last three decades, none of the drugs significantly prolonged the survival of metastatic melanoma patients; hence, effective drugs against metastatic melanoma are highly desired. In this study, we explored an antimetastatic melanoma agent derived from traditional Chinese medicinal herbs and found that jatrorrhizine hydrochloride (JH), an active component of the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Coptis chinensis, inhibited the proliferation and neovascularization of C8161 human metastatic melanoma cells. JH suppressed C8161 cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 47.4±1.6 μmol/l; however, it did not induce significant cellular apoptosis at doses up to 320 μmol/l. Mechanistic studies showed that JH-induced C8161 cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 transition, which was accompanied by overexpression of the cell cycle-suppressive genes p21 and p27 at higher doses. Moreover, JH reduced C8161 cell-mediated neovascularization in vitro and in vivo and impeded the expression of the gene for VE-cadherin, a key protein in tumor vasculogenic mimicry and angiogenesis. Taken together, the effective inhibitory effects of JH on metastatic melanoma cell proliferation and neovascularization with low toxicity suggest that JH is a potential new antimelanoma drug candidate.
S-box hiding methods for AES hardware chips against differential power analysis based on composite field (2010)

AES has been widely used in cryptographic modules of many hardware devices such as communication chips or broadcasting receiver chips. AES may be theoretically safe; however, cryptographic device with it is vulnerable to side channel attacks such as differential power attacks due to leakage information. In this paper, we propose countermeasure techniques for AES hardware chips with S-box hiding using four different implementations of S-boxes using composite fields. We synthesized them and verified correlations roughly.
LWIR, photovoltaic, Hg 1-x Cd x Te, and FPA performance for remote sensing applications (2001)

Focal plane arrays (FPA's), used for remote sensing applications, are required to operate at high temperatures and are subject to high terrestrial background fluxes. Typical remote sensing applications like cloud/weather imagery, sea- surface temperature measurements, ocean color characterization, and land-surface vegetation indices also require FPAs that operate from the visible through the LWIR portion of the spectrum. This combination of harsh requirements have driven the design of a unique LWIR FPA, that operates at 80 K under 300 K background conditions, with an operating spectral range from 11.5 micrometers to 12.5 micrometers , and a spectral cutoff of 13.5 micrometers . The FPA consists of 2 side by side arrays of 1 X 60 HgCdTe, (grown by molecular beam epitaxy) photovoltaic, detector arrays bump bonded to a custom CMOS Si readout. The 2 arrays are completely independent, and can be operated as such. The readout unit cell uses two, current-mode, analog building blocks; a Current Conveyor (CC1) and a dynamic current mirror. The CC1 has input impedance below 300 Ohms and an injection efficiency that is independent of the detector characteristics. This combination extracts high performance and excellent sensitivity from detectors whose average RoA values are approximately 1.7 Ohm-cm<SUP>2</SUP> at T equals 80 K. The dynamic current mirror is used to subtract high background photocurrent while preserving excellent dynamic range. In addition to the performance enhancing readout, the detectors are manufactured with integral microlenses and operated in reverse bias to take advantage of their increased dynamic impedance. The dark currents associated with reverse bias operation are subtracted along with the background photocurrents by the dynamic current mirror. The expected and measured LWIR FPA performance will be presented. Measurements were performed on an LWIR FPA. Expected and measured FPA results are shown in the table below. The expected data are calculated from FPA models and compared to the measured values.
Polymers for Tissue Engineering Scaffolds (2001)

In general terms, the goal of tissue engineering is to develop materials and approaches which can be used to facilitate repair, regeneration, or replacement of damaged or diseased tissues. In some applications, reconstitution of tissue function outside the body is the desired goal. In the repair/ regeneration scenario, the goal is to enhance or improve upon natural repair processes which often produce nonfunctional or poorly functional scar in place of normal tissue. In the replacement scenario, the tissue ‘‘foundation’’ may be assembled in vitro and subsequently implanted. This approach may employ a cellular component together with an appropriately shaped structural template or scaffold. Alternatively, a material scaffold may be implanted directly into the desired tissue site and colonized by the target cells. Most tissues are not merely collections of randomly arranged cells, but possess highly detailed organizational features which are closely tied to tissue function. The tissue engineer typically seeks to restore this tissuespeciﬁc architecture, and the use of a scaffold provides the means to this end. In order to achieve restoration of tissue architecture, the tissue scaffold may be required to perform a variety of tasks. A porous microstructure which allows cellular ingrowth and scaffold colonization is almost a universal requirement. Enhancements to the microstructure may include spatial variations in pore morphology to helporient cells or variations in material surface properties to facilitate selective cell adhesion and/or migration. In contrast, inhibition of cell adhesion may be an important performance characteristic for certain locations. Similarly, the scaffold material must be either overtly biodegradable or at least amenable to long-term integration with the host tissue. Biodegradability allows the gradual and orderly replacement of the scaffold with functional tissue, and also prevents the development of adverse chronic responses to the artiﬁcial structure. The scaffold material may be required to deliver biologically active agents (for example, growth factors or genes) to the target tissue. The material itself may be required to possess intrinsic biological activity to elicit speciﬁc migration or proliferation responses in adjacent cell populations. To this list of cell interaction characteristics may be added certain physical properties such as precise matching of the following: tissue mechanical properties, macromolecular permeability, protein binding or repulsion, tissue adhesion or lubricity, and ease of processing. Since restoration of normal tissue architecture and function is the ultimate goal, the scaffold is usually considered to be a temporary structure. Thus the ability to tune degradation rates to achieve an optimal degradation time proﬁle may greatly broaden the applicability of a particular material.
HPLC Linked Electrospray Tandem Mass Spectrometry: A Rapid and Reliable Method to Analyse Indole-3-Acetic Acid Metabolism in Bacteria (1997)

Electrospray tandem mass spectrometry in combination with high-performance liquid chromatography can be used for the simultaneous detection and quantification of indole-3-acetic acid, indole-3-methanol, tryptophan, indole-3-acetamide, indole-3-ethanol, tryptamine, indole-3-acetaldehyde, indole-3-acetonitrile, indole-3-aldehyde, indole-3-lactic acid, indole-3-pyruvate and anthranilate on an individual basis. Although methylation is not an absolute prerequisite for analysis of most carboxyl-type indole compounds, samples were methylated before analysis and this improved the detection limits for tryptophan, indole-3-acetic acid, anthranilate and indole-3-lactate up to 1000-fold. Moreover, owing to this methylation no ion suppression conditions, necessary for chromatography of organic acids, have to be used and stability of indole-3-pyruvate was achieved. A detection limit of 100 fmol indole-3-acetic acid methyl ester injected on-column was obtained under multiple reaction monitoring conditions. In view of the analysis of a large number of samples, the chromatographic conditions selected are a compromise between speed of analysis and resolution. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The evolution of WCDMA towards higher speed downlink packet data access (2002)

The first step of evolving WCDMA towards higher data rates is discussed. It is shown how techniques such as fast link adaptation, fast hybrid ARQ and fast scheduling, among others, can be applied to WCDMA, leading to increased throughput, lower delays, and downlink peak rates in the order of 10 Mbit/s. Through system simulations, the packet-data performance of such an evolved WCDMA system is illustrated.
Enriched Pathways of Calcium Regulation, Cellular/Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Cell Proliferation Characterize Gluteal Muscle of Standardbred Horses between Episodes of Recurrent Exertional Rhabdomyolysis (2022)

Certain Standardbred racehorses develop recurrent exertional rhabdomyolysis (RER-STD) for unknown reasons. We compared gluteal muscle histopathology and gene/protein expression between Standardbreds with a history of, but not currently experiencing rhabdomyolysis (<i>N</i> = 9), and race-trained controls (<i>N</i> = 7). Eight RER-STD had a few mature fibers with small internalized myonuclei, one out of nine had histologic evidence of regeneration and zero out of nine degeneration. However, RER-STD versus controls had 791/13,531 differentially expressed genes (DEG). The top three gene ontology (GO) enriched pathways for upregulated DEG (<i>N</i> = 433) were inflammation/immune response (62 GO terms), cell proliferation (31 GO terms), and hypoxia/oxidative stress (31 GO terms). Calcium ion regulation (39 GO terms), purine nucleotide metabolism (32 GO terms), and electron transport (29 GO terms) were the top three enriched GO pathways for down-regulated DEG (<i>N</i> = 305). DEG regulated RYR1 and sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium stores. Differentially expressed proteins (DEP ↑<i>N</i> = 50, ↓<i>N</i> = 12) involved the sarcomere (24% of DEP), electron transport (23%), metabolism (20%), inflammation (6%), cell/oxidative stress (7%), and other (17%). DEP included ↑superoxide dismutase, ↑catalase, and DEP/DEG included several cysteine-based antioxidants. In conclusion, gluteal muscle of RER-susceptible Standardbreds is characterized by perturbation of pathways for calcium regulation, cellular/oxidative stress, inflammation, and cellular regeneration weeks after an episode of rhabdomyolysis that could represent therapeutic targets.
Unsteady Adjoint of Pressure Loss for a Fundamental Transonic Turbine Vane (2016)

High fidelity simulations, e.g., large eddy simulation are often needed for accurately predicting pressure losses due to wake mixing and boundary layer development in turbomachinery applications. An unsteady adjoint of high fidelity simulations is useful for design optimization in such aerodynamic applications. In this paper we present unsteady adjoint solutions using a large eddy simulation model for a vane from VKI using aerothermal objectives. The unsteady adjoint method is effective in capturing the gradient for a short time interval aerothermal objective, whereas the method provides diverging gradients for long time-averaged thermal objectives. As the boundary layer on the suction side near the trailing edge of the vane is turbulent, it poses a challenge for the adjoint solver. The chaotic dynamics cause the adjoint solution to diverge exponentially from the trailing edge region when solved backwards in time. This results in the corruption of the sensitivities obtained from the adjoint solutions. An energy analysis of the unsteady compressible Navier-Stokes adjoint equations indicates that adding artificial viscosity to the adjoint equations can dissipate the adjoint energy while potentially maintain the accuracy of the adjoint sensitivities. Analyzing the growth term of the adjoint energy provides a metric for identifying the regions in the flow where the adjoint term is diverging. Results for the vane from simulations performed on the Titan supercomputer are demonstrated.
Networks and the Spread of Ideas in Knowledge Building Environments (2009)

This case study examined the spread of ideas in a Gr. 5/6 classroom in which the \nteacher was attempting to foster a knowledge building community. The goal of the \nresearch was to explore the relationship between the social network of the classroom (in terms of face-to-face and computer-mediated interactions), the teacherâs role, and the spread of ideas. Further, the thesis examined how social network tools may help teachers better understand the pedagogical implications of Scardamalia and Bereiterâs (1991) Teacher A, B, C models. \nAnalyses of videotaped lessons revealed the teacher used a complex mix of traditional instructional methods and knowledge building strategies while trying to shift the locus of control of learning to students. Critical teacher-driven processes included the \nclass-wide adoption of knowledge building vocabulary and practices, and efforts to foster higher levels of student-student discourse.\nAnalyses of online interactions provided strong evidence of highly interconnected \nstudent-student online networks, with the note reading network being especially dense. \nLongitudinal studies revealed these network established themselves early in the unit, and persisted during the course of the inquiry. There was evidence that idea improvement was present in addition to idea spread. In face-to-face classroom communication, the teacherâs \nrole was more central, particularly in "Knowledge Building Talk" sessions. However, \nhere too, the teacher made efforts to shift the locus of control. \nOverall the analyses suggest that social network tools are potentially \nuseful for helping teachers make the difficult transition from "Teacher A" and "Teacher B" strategies, in which the locus of control is with the teacher, to "Teacher C" strategies, in which strategic cognitive processes are turned over to students. This dissertation proposes that movement toward Teacher C practices may be illustrated, in part, by a shift in classroom network topologies from that of a star-shaped network, centered on the teacher, to a highly interconnected student-student network. Finally, the thesis recounts a \nnumber of ways in which the use of social network tools uncovered discourse patterns of which the teacher was unaware, including gender differences in reading, building-on, and contribution patterns.
Process of Fabricating YBCO SQUIDs for 51-Channel HTS MCG System (2005)

We have constructed a high throughput HTS SQUID fabrication process to develop a 51-channel HTS MCG system. To increase the process throughput of the YBCO deposition, we designed and developed a new deposition system based on a pulsed laser deposition technique. In this deposition system, nine YBCO thin films could be deposited in one deposition sequence by successively depositing the YBCO thin films one by one. In addition to the improvement of the fabrication throughput, the magnetometer pattern was designed to improve the yield of the SQUID fabrication. In our magnetometer design, four SQUIDs were connected with one pickup coil. The yield of good magnetometer chips could be increased by selecting the best SQUID among the four. Using the developed SQUID fabrication process, about one hundred magnetometers were fabricated in a month. The 51-channel HTS MCG system was successfully developed and used for clinical testing.
Development and Evaluation of Mindtool-Based Blogs to Promote Learners’ Higher Order Cognitive Thinking in Online Discussions: An Analysis of Learning Effects and Cognitive Process (2019)

Blogs are useful interaction tools to promote learners’ knowledge construction and interaction in online teaching activities. On the other hand, although many studies show that mindtools facilitate learners’ cognitive process, little research focus on their effects on learners’ higher order cognitive thinking in blogs. This research developed a learning environment by using a mindtool-based blog to promote learners’ higher order cognitive thinking in their online discussions and to assess their learning effects. The participants were 276 senior high school students from an information ethics class. A quasi-experimental research design was adopted in this research. The control group used the ordinary blogs. The Experimental Group 1 used the basic mindtools in blogs, which means that learners can use all the mindtool functions except the Knowledge Compilation function. The Experimental Group 2 used the advanced mindtools in blogs, which means that they can use all the mindtool functions, including the Knowledge Compilation function. The results indicated that both experimental groups showed better learning effects and more higher order cognitive thinking than the control group. Moreover, the higher order cognitive thinking category Analyze was found more often in the Experimental Group 2 than in the Experimental Group 1.
Seek COVER: using a disease proxy to rapidly develop and validate a personalized risk calculator for COVID-19 outcomes in an international network (2022)

This research demonstrated the utility of using a proxy disease to develop a prediction model. The 3 COVER models with 9-predictors that were developed using influenza data perform well for COVID-19 patients for predicting hospitalization, intensive services, and fatality. The scores showed good discriminatory performance which transferred well to the COVID-19 population. There was some miscalibration in the COVID-19 validations, which is potentially due to the difference in symptom severity between the two diseases. A possible solution for this is to recalibrate the models in each location before use.