gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exploiting Population Activity Dynamics to Predict Urban Epidemiological Incidence (2019)

Ambulance services worldwide are of vital importance to population health. Timely responding to incidents by dispatching an ambulance vehicle to the location a call came from can offer significant benefits to patient care across a number of medical conditions. Moreover, identifying the reasons that drive ambulance activity at an area not only can improve the operational capacity of emergency services, but can lead to better policy design in healthcare. In this work, we analyse the temporal dynamics of 5.6 million ambulance calls across a region of 7 million residents in the UK. We identify characteristic temporal patterns featuring diurnal and weekly cycles in ambulance call activity. These patterns are stable over time and across geographies. Using a dataset sourced from location intelligence platform Foursquare, we establish a link between the spatio-temporal dynamics of mobile users engaging with urban activities locally and emergency incidents. We use this information to build a novel metric that assesses the health risk of a geographic area in terms of its propensity to yield ambulance calls. Formulating then an online classification task where the goal becomes to identify which regions will need an ambulance at a given time, we demonstrate how semantic information about real world places crowdsourced through online platforms, can become a useful source of information in understanding and predicting regional epidemiological trends.
A new standard method of test for determining the grease particulate removal efficiency of filter systems for kitchen ventilation (2006)

Prior to 2005, there was not a recognized test method in the United States for determining the grease removal efficiency of mechanical filters used in kitchen ventilation systems. It wasn't uncommon for manufacturers to claim 90% grease removal efficiencies or higher based on test results that simulated conditions not representative of commercial kitchens. It has only been in the last few years that data on the true character of grease emissions from common kitchen appliances have been available. This paper provides a description of a new consensus-based standard for determining the grease particulate removal efficiency of filters when used in kitchen ventilation systems. Furthermore, it describes how engineers, consultants, and end-users can use these data to estimate how well competing mechanical extractors might work in their restaurants. This paper discusses the development of the method of test, not the details of how to perform the actual testing itself.
An implementation of a CMA adaptive array for high speed GMSK transmission in mobile communications (1993)

The hardware implementation of an adaptive array as a technique for compensating multipath fading in mobile communications is described. The number of the antenna elements is four. The target communication system is modulated by 256 kbps Gaussian-filtered minimum shift keying (MSK) and has a time-division multiplexing (TDM) architecture with 24 time slots. Based on the digital beamforming concept, all of the signals and the array weights are digital-signal processed. The constant modulus algorithm (CMA) is employed for weight optimizing. In an additive white Gaussian noise channel, this system has 5.6-dB gain in an energy-per-bit-to-noise-density ratio at a bit error rate (BER) of 1.0*10/sup -3/, compared with a single antenna system. The result of the basic field test shows that the gain at a BER of 1.0*10/sup -3/ reaches 22.3 dB in a nonselective, slow Rayleigh fading channel given a 5 Hz maximum Doppler shift.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
SiNx-induced intermixing in AlInGaAs/InP quantum well through interdiffusion of group III atoms (2012)

We analyze the composition profiles within intermixed and non-intermixed AlInGaAs-based multiple quantum wells structures by secondary ion mass spectrometry and observe that the band gap blue shift is mainly attributed to the interdiffusion of In and Ga atoms between the quantum wells and the barriers. Based on these results, several AlInGaAs-based single quantum well (SQW) structures with various compressive strain (CS) levels were grown and their photoluminescence spectra were investigated after the intermixing process involving the encapsulation of thin SiNx dielectric films on the surface followed by rapid thermal annealing. In addition to the annealing temperature, we report that the band gap shift can be also enhanced by increasing the CS level in the SQW. For instance, at an annealing temperature of 850 °C, the photoluminescence blue shift is found to reach more than 110 nm for the sample with 1.2%-CS SQW, but only 35 nm with 0.4%-CS SQW. We expect that this relatively larger atomic compositional gradient of In (and Ga) between the compressively strained quantum well and the barrier can facilitate the atomic interdiffusion and it thus leads to the larger band gap shift.
Pathophysiology of Dystonia (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Definition and Clinical Classification Etiologic Classification Physiology of Dystonia Acknowledgement References
Two-Dimensional Colloidal Metal Chalcogenides Semiconductors: Synthesis, Spectroscopy, and Applications (2015)

CONSPECTUS: Semiconductors are at the basis of electronics. Up to now, most devices that contain semiconductors use materials obtained from a top down approach with semiconductors grown by molecular beam epitaxy or chemical vapor deposition. Colloidal semiconductor nanoparticles have been synthesized for more than 30 years now, and their synthesis is becoming mature enough that these nanoparticles have started to be incorporated into devices. An important development that recently took place in the field of colloidal quantum dots is the synthesis of two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor nanoplatelets that appear as free-standing nanosheets. These 2D colloidal systems are the newborn in the family of shaped-controlled nanoparticles that started with spheres, was extended with rods and wires, continued with tetrapods, and now ends with platelets. From a physical point of view, these objects bring 1D-confined particles into the colloidal family. It is a notable addition, since these platelets can have a thickness that is controlled with atomic precision, so that no inhomogeneous broadening is observed. Because they have two large free interfaces, mirror charges play an important role, and the binding energy of the exciton is extremely large. These two effects almost perfectly compensate each other, it results in particles with unique spectroscopic properties such as fast fluorescent lifetimes and extreme color purity (narrow full width at half-maximum of their emission spectra). These nanoplatelets with extremely large confinement but very simple and well-defined chemistry are model systems to check and further develop, notably with the incorporation in the models of the organic/inorganic interface, various theoretical approaches used for colloidal particles. From a chemical point of view, these colloidal particles are a model system to study the role of ligands since they have precisely defined facets. In addition, the synthesis of these highly anisotropic objects triggered new research to understand at a mechanistic level how this strong anisotropy could be generated. Luckily, some of the chemical know-how built with the spherical and rod-shaped particles is being transferred, with some adaptation, to 2D systems, so that 2D core/shell and core/crown heterostructures have recently been introduced. These objects are very interesting because they suggest that multiple quantum wells could be grown in solution. From the application point of view, 2D colloidal nanoplatelets offer interesting perspectives when color purity, charge conductivity, or field tunable absorption are required. In this Account, we review the chemical synthesis, the physical properties, and the applications of colloidal semiconductor nanoplatelets with an emphasis on the zinc-blende nanoplatelets that were developed more specifically in our group.
Labor allocation in paid crowdsourcing: experimental evidence on positioning, nudges and prices (2011)

This paper reports the results of a natural field experiment where workers from a paid crowdsourcing environment selfselect into tasks and are presumed to have limited attention. In our experiment, workers labeled any of six pictures from a 2 × 3 grid of thumbnail images. In the absence of any incentives, workers exhibit a strong default bias and tend to select images from the top-left (focal) position; the bottomright (non-focal) position, was the least preferred. We attempted to overcome this bias and increase the rate at which workers selected the least preferred task, by using a combination of monetary and non-monetary incentives. We also varied the saliency of these incentives by placing them in either the focal or non-focal position. Although both types caused workers to re-allocate their labor, monetary incentives were more effective. Most interestingly, both types worked better when they were placed in the focal position and made more salient. In fact, salient non-monetary incentives worked about as well as non-salient monetary ones. Our evidence suggests that user interface and cognitive biases play an important role in online labor markets and that salience can be used by employers as a kind of incentive multiplier.
The effect of surface finish and interstitial fluid on the cement-in-cement interface in revision surgery of the hip (2011)

The mechanical performance of the cement-in-cement interface in revision surgery has not been fully investigated. The quantitative effect posed by interstitial fluids and roughening of the primary mantle remains unclear. We have analysed the strength of the bilaminar cement-bone interface after exposure of the surface of the primary mantle to roughening and fluid interference. The end surfaces of cylindrical blocks of cement were machined smooth (Ra = 200 nm) or rough (Ra = 5 μm) and exposed to either different volumes of water and carboxymethylcellulose (a bone-marrow equivalent) or left dry. Secondary blocks were cast against the modelled surface. Monoblocks of cement were used as a control group. The porosity of the samples was investigated using micro-CT. Samples were exposed to a single shearing force to failure. The mean failure load of the monoblock control was 5.63 kN (95% confidence interval (CI) 5.17 to 6.08) with an estimated shear strength of 36 MPa. When small volumes of any fluid or large volumes were used, the respective values fell between 4.66 kN and 4.84 kN with no significant difference irrespective of roughening (p > 0.05). Large volumes of carboxymethylcellulose significantly weakened the interface. Roughening in this group significantly increased the strength with failure loads of 2.80 kN (95% CI 2.37 to 3.21) compared with 0.86 kN (95% CI 0.43 to 1.27) in the smooth variant. Roughening of the primary mantle may not therefore be as crucial as has been previously thought in clinically relevant circumstances.
Progress in Clinical Encapsulated Islet Xenotransplantation (2016)

At the 2015 combined congress of the Cell Transplant Society, International Pancreas and Islet Transplant Association, and International Xenotransplantation Association, a symposium was held to discuss recent progress in pig islet xenotransplantation. The presentations focused on 5 major topics - (1) the results of 2 recent clinical trials of encapsulated pig islet transplantation, (2) the inflammatory response to encapsulated pig islets, (3) methods to improve the secretion of insulin by pig islets, (4) genetic modifications to the islet-source pigs aimed to protect the islets from the primate immune and/or inflammatory responses, and (5) regulatory aspects of clinical pig islet xenotransplantation. Trials of microencapsulated porcine islet transplantation to treat unstable type 1 diabetic patients have been associated with encouraging preliminary results. Further advances to improve efficacy may include (1) transplantation into a site other than the peritoneal cavity, which might result in better access to blood, oxygen, and nutrients; (2) the development of a more biocompatible capsule and/or the minimization of a foreign body reaction; (3) pig genetic modification to induce a greater secretion of insulin by the islets, and/or to reduce the immune response to islets released from damaged capsules; and (4) reduction of the inflammatory response to the capsules/islets by improvements in the structure of the capsules and/or in genetic engineering of the pigs and/or in some form of drug therapy. Ethical and regulatory frameworks for islet xenotransplantation are already available in several countries, and there is now a wider international perception of the importance of developing an internationally harmonized ethical and regulatory framework.
On-line estimation of time delay and continuous-time process parameters† (1987)

A simple technique is presented for on-line estimation of constant or slowly-varying continuous-time process parameters and time delay. The method is shown to allow considerable flexibility for application to systems of varying complexity. A major advantage of the algorithm lies in its ability to track time-delay variations over a practically unlimited range. The technique is based on approximation of time delay in the frequency domain by a rational transfer function, construction of the derivatives of process input and output using multiple filters, and estimation using a model which is non-linear in the desired parameters. In spite of this inherent non-linearity with respect to the sought parameters, in general the estimation schemes lead to the true, unique solution. The cases when this is not true are shown not to be of serious consequence.
Identification of transcriptional signals in Encephalitozoon cuniculi widespread among Microsporidia phylum: support for accurate structural genome annotation (2009)

We identified various signals involved in the maturation of E. cuniculi mRNAs. Presence of such signals, in phylogenetically distant microsporidian species, suggests that a common regulatory mechanism exists among the microsporidia. Furthermore, 5'UTRs being strongly reduced, these signals can be used to ensure the accurate prediction of translation initiation codons for microsporidian genes and to improve microsporidian genome annotation.
A Study on the Feasibility of the Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) Electrode Localization Based on Scalp Electric Potential Recordings (2019)

Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is an effective therapy for patients disabling motor symptoms from Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, and other motor disorders. Precise, individualized placement of DBS electrodes is a key contributor to clinical outcomes following surgery. Electroencephalography (EEG) is widely used to identify the sources of intracerebral signals from the potential on the scalp. EEG is portable, non-invasive, low-cost, and it could be easily integrated into the intraoperative or ambulatory environment for localization of either the DBS electrode or evoked potentials triggered by stimulation itself. In this work, we studied with numerical simulations the principle of extracting the DBS electrical pulse from the patient's EEG - which normally constitutes an artifact - and localizing the source of the artifact (i.e., the DBS electrodes) using EEG localization methods. A high-resolution electromagnetic head model was used to simulate the EEG potential at the scalp generated by the DBS pulse artifact. The potential distribution on the scalp was then sampled at the 256 electrode locations of a high-density EEG Net. The electric potential was modeled by a dipole source created by a given pair of active DBS electrodes. The dynamic Statistical Parametric Maps (dSPM) algorithm was used to solve the EEG inverse problem, and it allowed localization of the position of the stimulus dipole in three DBS electrode bipolar configurations with a maximum error of 1.5 cm. To assess the accuracy of the computational model, the results of the simulation were compared with the electric artifact amplitudes over 16 EEG electrodes measured in five patients. EEG artifacts measured in patients confirmed that simulated data are commensurate to patients' data (0 ± 6.6 μV). While we acknowledge that further work is necessary to achieve a higher accuracy needed for surgical navigation, the results presented in this study are proposed as the first step toward a validated computational framework that could be used for non-invasive localization not only of the DBS system but also brain rhythms triggered by stimulation at both proximal and distal sites in the human central nervous system.
Spin dynamics in the carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometric analysis of coal by cross polarization and magic-angle spinning (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSpin dynamics in the carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometric analysis of coal by cross polarization and magic-angle spinningMark J. Sullivan and Gary E. MacielCite this: Anal. Chem. 1982, 54, 9, 1615–1623Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1982https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00246a034RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views204Altmetric-Citations119LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Barium Hexaaluminate as a Novel Promising Support for Ruthenium-based Ammonia Synthesis Catalysts (2005)

Abstract High-surface area (49 m2/g) barium hexaaluminate (BHA) has been successfully synthesized by reverse microemulsion method. The BHA supported Ru catalyst showed significantly higher activity and structural stability than Ba-promoted Ru catalyst supported on MgO under ammonia synthesis conditions.
Cell therapy of heart failure (2002)

Together with angiogenesis and gene therapy, cell transplantation is one of the newest treatments that have been proposed to improve the still grim outcome of patients with cardiac failure. The underlying rationale is that implantation of contractile cells into fibrous post-infarction scar can functionally 'regenerate' these areas. Primarily for practical reasons, autologous skeletal myoblasts have been the first to be tested in a clinical trial but other cell types can be considered, among which bone marrow stromal and hematopoietic stem cells are of particular interest because of their autologous origin and their purported transdifferentiation potential into cardiac and/or endothelial cells. However, several key issues still need to be addressed, including (i) the optimal type of donor cells, (ii) the mechanism by which cell engraftment improves cardiac function, actively (i.e., by increasing contractility) or passively (i.e. by limiting infarct expansion and remodelling), (iii) the optimisation of cell survival, and (iiii) the potential benefits of cell transplantation in non-ischaemic heart failure. Parallel to the numerous experimental studies designed to address these issues, initial clinical trials are underway or in preparation and, if properly designed and conducted, should allow to know whether the hopes raised by cellular therapy are met by clinically meaningful improvements in the outcomes of patients with heart failure.
31.1: Development of Six Primary‐Color LCD (2005)

Abstract We developed the multiple primary color LCD's where the pixels were composed of red(R), green(G), blue(B), cyan(C), magenta(M) and yellow(Y) subpixels. The color gamut was extended 99% of NTSC standard, while the brightness was also increased by 15%, compared to the conventional RGB three primary color LCD's. To get a natural color image we designed the color coordinates and luminance levels of each six subpixles, and developed color algorithm to convert the RGB signal to RGBCMY signal.
Norwegian scabies in children. Case report (2023)

Norwegian scabies is a highly contagious form of scabies that is quite common in immunosuppressed patients. Given the atypical clinical presentation, this form of the disease may remain undiagnosed for a long time. Norwegian scabies is often reported in elderly patients but can also occur in children. This article presents a clinical case of a 6-year-old patient to draw the attention of specialists to this disease in pediatric practice.
How and Why to Do Pressure Ulcer Risk Assessment (2002)

1. Identify the purpose and benefits of using a pressure ulcer risk assessment scale. 2. Evaluate pressure ulcer risk by using the Braden Scale and its subscales. 3. Identify the interventions that can be implemented based on the patient's Braden Scale score.
Scenic: A Language for Scenario Specification and Data Generation (2020)

We propose a new probabilistic programming language for the design and analysis of cyber-physical systems, especially those based on machine learning. Specifically, we consider the problems of training a system to be robust to rare events, testing its performance under different conditions, and debugging failures. We show how a probabilistic programming language can help address these problems by specifying distributions encoding interesting types of inputs, then sampling these to generate specialized training and test data. More generally, such languages can be used to write environment models, an essential prerequisite to any formal analysis. In this paper, we focus on systems like autonomous cars and robots, whose environment at any point in time is a 'scene', a configuration of physical objects and agents. We design a domain-specific language, Scenic, for describing scenarios that are distributions over scenes and the behaviors of their agents over time. As a probabilistic programming language, Scenic allows assigning distributions to features of the scene, as well as declaratively imposing hard and soft constraints over the scene. We develop specialized techniques for sampling from the resulting distribution, taking advantage of the structure provided by Scenic's domain-specific syntax. Finally, we apply Scenic in a case study on a convolutional neural network designed to detect cars in road images, improving its performance beyond that achieved by state-of-the-art synthetic data generation methods.
A workshop examination of shallow seismic reflection surveying (1997)

In September 1996 the Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) sponsored a research workshop in Berkeley, California, where approximately 20 participants analyzed the potential and limitations of near-surface seismic-reflection methods.