gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antibacterial Surface Treatment for Orthopaedic Implants (2014)

It is expected that the projected increased usage of implantable devices in medicine will result in a natural rise in the number of infections related to these cases. Some patients are unable to autonomously prevent formation of biofilm on implant surfaces. Suppression of the local peri-implant immune response is an important contributory factor. Substantial avascular scar tissue encountered during revision joint replacement surgery places these cases at an especially high risk of periprosthetic joint infection. A critical pathogenic event in the process of biofilm formation is bacterial adhesion. Prevention of biomaterial-associated infections should be concurrently focused on at least two targets: inhibition of biofilm formation and minimizing local immune response suppression. Current knowledge of antimicrobial surface treatments suitable for prevention of prosthetic joint infection is reviewed. Several surface treatment modalities have been proposed. Minimizing bacterial adhesion, biofilm formation inhibition, and bactericidal approaches are discussed. The ultimate anti-infective surface should be "smart" and responsive to even the lowest bacterial load. While research in this field is promising, there appears to be a great discrepancy between proposed and clinically implemented strategies, and there is urgent need for translational science focusing on this topic.
Optimal Generation Planning for a Thermal System with Pumped-Storage Based on Analytical Production Costing Model (1987)

This paper presents a new algorithm for the optimal long-range generation planning for a thermal system with pumped-storage plants. The algorithm is based upon the analytical production costing model developed under the assumption of Gaussian probabilistic distribution of random load fluctuations and plant outages. The optimization problem consists of the master problem to determine the annual investment, and the pumped-storage subproblem to determine the optimal pumped-storage operation. The master problem is formulated as a Hamiltonian minimization problem, and the pumped-storage subproblem is solved using the concept of peak-shaving operation on the original load curve.
Anaplasmataceae (2015)

A.na.plas.ma.ta' ce.ae. M.L. Anaplasma type genus of the family; -aceae ending to denote a family; M.L. fem. pl. n. Anaplasmataceae type genus of the family. Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rickettsiales / Anaplasmataceae
Oral tolerance induction does not resolve allergic enteropathy due to residual IgE (125.7) (2012)

Abstract Oral immunotherapy (OIT) has gained attention as a therapy for food allergies. To investigate efficacy and safety of OIT pre-clinically, we established a murine model of allergic enteropathy. BALB/c mice were sensitised with ovalbumin (OVA, a major egg white allergen) plus ALUM and fed egg-white diet (EW-diet). The mice developed gastrointestinal symptoms (e.g. weight loss) and inflammation in the jejunum accompanied by a strong induction of IgE antibodies during the first 7 days of the allergenic diet. Importantly, the mice presented resolution of the symptoms and remarkable reduction of OVA-specific IgE levels in the sera if they were fed EW-diet more than 7 days. Reduced proliferation of T-cells from spleens and mesenteric lymph nodes of the mice on day 28 of EW-diet indicated that the continuous feeding of the allergenic diet induced oral tolerance. However, the inflammation in the jejunum of the mice was aggravated at this time point. We hypothesized that residual OVA-specific IgE antibodies promoted the intestinal inflammation, although oral tolerance against OVA was induced by the long-term EW diet. To verify it, we used mice deficient of FcϵRI, a high affinity IgE receptor. FcϵRI deficient mice presented intestinal inflammation on day 7 of EW-diet after OVA sensitisation. However, if EW-diet was continued, their intestinal inflammation was resolved. Our results suggest that residual IgE could be a poor prognostic factor for recovery from allergic enteropathy in OIT.
Optical Frequency Transfer Stability of 1E-15 at 1 Second Over Correlated Core Pairs in a 40 km 7-core Fiber Link (2023)

We demonstrate a 40km stabilized optical frequency transfer system with fractional frequency stability of 1e-15 at 1s without single-core bidirectional propagation. Highly correlated cores of a 7-core fiber are used for signal transmission and return, mitigating uncorrelated phase fluctuations found in duplex approaches.
Ado-Trastuzumab Emtansine for Patients With HER2-Mutant Lung Cancers: Results From a Phase II Basket Trial (2018)

Purpose Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 ( HER2, ERBB2)-activating mutations occur in 2% of lung cancers. We assessed the activity of ado-trastuzumab emtansine, a HER2-targeted antibody-drug conjugate, in a cohort of patients with HER2-mutant lung cancers as part of a phase II basket trial. Patients and Methods Patients received ado-trastuzumab emtansine at 3.6 mg/kg intravenously every 3 weeks until progression. The primary end point was overall response rate using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1. A Simon two-stage optimal design was used. Other end points included progression-free survival and toxicity. HER2 testing was performed on tumor tissue by next generation sequencing, fluorescence in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, and protein mass spectrometry. Results We treated 18 patients with advanced HER2-mutant lung adenocarcinomas. The median number of prior systemic therapies was two (range, zero to four prior therapies). The partial response rate was 44% (95% CI, 22% to 69%), meeting the primary end point. Responses were seen in patients with HER2 exon 20 insertions and point mutations in the kinase, transmembrane, and extracellular domains. Concurrent HER2 amplification was observed in two patients. HER2 immunohistochemistry ranged from 0 to 2+ and did not predict response, and responders had low HER2 protein expression measured by mass spectrometry. The median progression-free survival was 5 months (95% CI, 3 to 9 months). Toxicities included grade 1 or 2 infusion reactions, thrombocytopenia, and elevated hepatic transaminases. No patient stopped therapy as a result of toxicity or died on study. Conclusion Ado-trastuzumab emtansine is an active agent in patients with HER2-mutant lung cancers. This is the first positive trial in this molecular subset of lung cancers. Further use and study of this agent are warranted.
The Volcano optimizer generator: extensibility and efficient search (2002)

The Volcano project, which provides efficient, extensible tools for query and request processing, particularly for object-oriented and scientific database systems, is reviewed. In particular, one of its tools, the optimizer generator, is discussed. The data model, logical algebra, physical algebra, and optimization rules are translated by the optimizer generator into optimizer source code. It is shown that, compared with the EXODUS optimizer generator prototype, the search engine of the Volcano optimizer generator is more extensible and powerful. It provides effective support for non-trivial cost models and for physical properties such as sorting order. At the same time, it is much more efficient, as it combines dynamic programming with goal-directed searching and branch-and-bound pruning. Compared with other rule-based optimization systems, it provides complete data model independence and more natural extensibility.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Mechanism of Calcium Incorporation Inside Sol–Gel Silicate Bioactive Glass and the Advantage of Using Ca(OH)2 over Other Calcium Sources (2019)

Calcium is an essential component of osteogenesis and is often required for imparting significant bioactivity to synthetic bone substitutes and, in particular, silicate-based materials. However, the mechanism of calcium incorporation inside sol-gel silicates is poorly understood. In this work, we shed light on the determinant parameters for incorporation of calcium into acid-base-catalyzed sol-gel silicates at ambient temperature: increasing the pH above the isoelectric point of silicic acid and the nature of the calcium counterion in the calcium precursor are found to be the key. Based on our proposed reaction sequence, we were able to compare calcium precursors and select an ideal candidate compound for the synthesis of bioactive glasses (BG) and organic-inorganic hybrids at ambient temperature. Reproducible syntheses and gel times of SiO<sub>2</sub>-CaO BG were obtained using calcium hydroxide (CH), and we demonstrate its usability in the synthesis of promising BG-polycaprolactone hybrid scaffolds. BG and hybrids prepared with CH were able to form nanocrystalline nonstoichiometric apatite in simulated body fluid. The increased reliability of low-temperature syntheses associated with the use of a stable and inexpensive alkaline-earth precursor are major steps toward the translation of calcium silicate hybrids or other alkaline-earth silicates from bench to clinic.
An approach to developing reusable domain services for service oriented applications (2010)

Today, the software environment paradigm is shifting to service-oriented computing, based on key features that reflect business concerns. The SOMA and SOUP methodologies can be used to develop service-oriented applications. However, these approaches focus on developing monolithic service applications. Therefore, we propose a feature-based reusable domain service development approach to create more reusable and flexible domain services offering commonality and variability.
PRR: prime round-robin placement for implementing VCR operations (2002)

From a user's perspective, VCR functions of variable-rate fast-forward and rewind are desirable features in many video applications. To implement VCR-like operations, the video server should be able to access noncontiguous segments of a video object without additional overhead. In this paper, we propose prime round-robin (PRR) placement scheme, which achieves uniform load-balance of disks for fast-forward and rewind as well as normal play operation. In addition, we analyse the performance of the placement scheme in terms of miss ratio and load-balance. Moreover, we have confirmed that the proposed scheme is viable by experiments for the visual effect of implementing VCR operations.
Ionospheric bending correction for GNSS radio occultation signals (2011)

Ionospheric propagation effects on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) signals are the most pronounced during radio occultation due to long ionospheric travel paths of the received signal on low Earth orbiting satellites. Inhomogeneous plasma distribution and anisotropy cause higher‐order nonlinear refraction effects on GNSS signals which cannot be fully removed through a linear combination of dual‐frequency observables. In this paper, higher‐order ionospheric effects due to straight line of sight (LOS) propagation assumption such as the excess path length of the signal in addition to the LOS path and the total electron content difference between the curved path and the LOS path have been investigated for selected GPS‐CHAMP occultation events. Based on simulation studies we have derived correction formulas for computing raypath bending effects as functions of signal frequency, tangential height of the raypath, ionospheric parameters such as the maximum ionization and total electron content. If these parameters are known, the proposed correction method is able to correct on an average about 65–80% bending errors of GNSS occultation signals.
The tryptophan metabolite 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid lowers plasma lipids and decreases atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolaemic mice (2012)

3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid inhibits atherosclerosis by regulating lipid metabolism and inflammation, two major components of this disease.
Fluoroalkyl end‐capped oligomer possessing a nonflammable characteristic in silica gel matrices even at 800°C under atmospheric conditions (2009)

Abstract We succeeded in observing the similar solid‐state NMR spectra ( 1 H‐magic‐angle spinning NMR spectra) of fluoroalkyl end‐capped N ‐(1,1‐dimethyl‐3‐oxobutyl)acrylamide oligomer [R F ‐(DOBAA) n ‐R F ]/silica gel nanocomposite before and even after calcinations at 800°C. This finding suggests that R F ‐(DOBAA) n ‐R F oligomer in R F ‐(DOBAA) n ‐R F /silica gel nanocomposite can afford a nonflammable characteristic to exhibit no weight loss behavior even at 800°C under atmospheric conditions. In addition, we had good oleo‐ and hydrophobic characteristics on the modified glass surface treated with R F ‐(DOBAA) n ‐R F /silica gel nanocomposite even after calcination at 800°C as well as those before calcinations. Especially, R F ‐(DOBAA) n ‐R F /silica gel nanocomposite‐encapsulated cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) possessing no weight loss characteristic even at 800°C exhibited a clear UV–vis absorption band around 260 nm related to the presence of CPC before and even after calcinations at 800°C. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
High efficiency of III-nitride micro-light-emitting diodes by sidewall passivation using atomic layer deposition (2018)

Optoelectronic effects of sidewall passivation on micro-sized light-emitting diodes (µLEDs) using atomic-layer deposition (ALD) were investigated. Moreover, significant enhancements of the optical and electrical effects by using ALD were compared with conventional sidewall passivation method, namely plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). ALD yielded uniform light emission and the lowest amount of leakage current for all µLED sizes. The importance of sidewall passivation was also demonstrated by comparing leakage current and external quantum efficiency (EQE). The peak EQEs of 20 × 20 µm<sup>2</sup> µLEDs with ALD sidewall passivation and without sidewall passivation were 33% and 24%, respectively. The results from ALD sidewall passivation revealed that the size-dependent influences on peak EQE can be minimized by proper sidewall treatment.
Carbon Fiber Arrow Injuries to the Wrist: More Than Meets the Eye (2014)

1Department of Orthopaedics, The Ohio State University, 376 Prior Hall, Columbus, OH 43201. E-mail address: [email protected] 2Hand and Microsurgery Associates, 1210 Gemini Place, Suite 200, Columbus, OH 43240
Electrohydrodimerization: Comparison of Acrylonitrile and Formaldehyde (2023)

This chapter presents a brief review comparing electrohydrodimerization of acrylonitrile to adiponitrile which has been in commercial production for 25 years, with electrohydrodimerization of formaldehyde to ethylene glycol, which is presently in the pilot stage at several locations in Canada and elsewhere. EG is a much larger volume product and is used in antifreeze and as an intermediate for polyethylene terephthalate manufacture. Oxygen could be evolved; however, since an ion-exchange membrane is employed, a useful anode process is possible, which could share capital and operating expenses. Possible anode processes are formaldehyde from methanol and terephthalic acid from p-xylene. Key variable costs influencing the production cost are the monomer and the power costs.
Effect of IL‐1β and IL‐6 on Oxytocin Secretion in Human Uterine Smooth Muscle Cells (2001)

The induction of OT secretion by proinflammatory cytokines in human myometrium in vitro, supports the concept of a thus regulated infection-triggered preterm labor process in vivo.
Direct C—H Arylation of (Hetero)arenes with Aryl Iodides via Rhodium Catalysis. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Human malignant melanoma. Melanosomal polymorphism and the ultrastructural dopa reaction. (1978)

An ultrastructural dopa reaction, with glutaraldehyde--formaldehyde prefixation, was carried out on ten specimens of malignant melanoma showing a wide variation in melanosomal morphology. All tumours, but only a minority of tumour cells, contained reaction product. In all tumours the reaction product was distributed similarly in the Golgi apparatus and Golgi associated endoplasmic reticulum (GERL). However, differences were noted in its deposition in melanosomes. Whereas vacuolar and lamellar profiles sometimes contained reaction product, it was not seen in normal, granular and abortive melanosomes. Tumour cells without melanosomes were also seen to contain reaction product.
Performance analysis of generics in scientific computing (2005)

This paper studies the performance of generics, or templates as they are sometimes called, for scientific computing in various programming languages. In order to understand the cost of using generics, we develop a test suite for generics based on a standard numeric benchmark. We compare the results of this new benchmark for generics in C++, C# and Java, both between language implementations and against the specialized, non-generic benchmark. We also compare the efficiency of C++ with Aldor a language originally for computer algebra relying entirely on generics. We find that the implementation of generics in current compilers must be improved before they are used for efficiency-critical scientific applications, and we identify specific areas for potential optimization.
Deficiency of Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone Signaling Is Associated with Sleep Alterations in the Dwarf Rat (2001)

The somatotropic axis, and particularly growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), is implicated in the regulation of sleep-wake activity. To evaluate sleep in chronic somatotropic deficiency, sleep-wake activity was studied in dwarf (dw/dw) rats that are known to have a defective GHRH signaling mechanism in the pituitary and in normal Lewis rats, the parental strain of the dw/dw rats. In addition, expression of GHRH receptor (GHRH-R) mRNA in the hypothalamus/preoptic region and in the pituitary was also determined by means of reverse transcription-PCR, and GHRH content of the hypothalamus was measured. Hypothalamic/preoptic and pituitary GHRH-R mRNA levels were decreased in the dw/dw rats, indicating deficits in the central GHRHergic transmission. Hypothalamic GHRH content in dw/dw rats was also less than that found in Lewis rats. The dw/dw rats had less spontaneous nonrapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) (light and dark period) and rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) (light period) than did the control Lewis rats. After 4 hr of sleep deprivation, rebound increases in NREMS and REMS were normal in the dw/dw rat. As determined by fast Fourier analysis of the electroencephalogram (EEG), the sleep deprivation-induced enhancements in EEG slow-wave activity in the dw/dw rats were only one-half of the response in the Lewis rats. The results are compared with sleep findings previously obtained in GHRH-deficient transgenic mice. The alterations in NREMS are attributed to the defect in GHRH signaling, whereas the decreases in REMS might result from the growth hormone deficiency in the dw/dw rat.
Protein domains connect cell cycle stimulation directly to initiation of DNA replication. (1994)

Polyoma large T antigen (LT) is the only viral gene product required for viral DNA replication. LT can be divided into two domains, one N-terminal (NT) spanning residues 1-260 and one C-terminal (CT) comprising approximately residues 264-785. NT is known to immortalize primary cells in a manner dependent on binding of pRB/p107. Here a CT construct comprising residues 264-785 was shown to have independent function in DNA replication. CT is entirely sufficient for driving viral DNA replication in vivo in growing mouse cells at a level approaching that of full-length LT. In contrast, CT is strikingly deficient for replication in serum-starved cells. However, this deficiency can be complemented by coexpression of NT. BrdUrd incorporation in transfected, starved cells showed that NT was sufficient for inducing S phase, suggesting a mechanism for complementation. By contrast, CT was unable to induce S phase when tested in the same assay. NT also promotes phosphorylation of sites in CT that are likely to be important for replication. Other DNA tumor virus gene products such as adenovirus E1A 12S and human papillomavirus 16 E7 could also complement CT for replication. Although NT, E1A 12S, and E7 all bind the retinoblastoma gene product (pRB) and p107, genetic analysis demonstrates an additional function, independent of that binding, is responsible for complementation.
Density-driven spontaneous streak segregation patterns in a thin rotating drum (2014)

Granular mixtures may segregate because of external driving forces, which play an important role in industry and geophysics. We investigate experimentally the mechanism of density-driven spontaneous streak segregation patterns in a thin rotating drum. We find that a spontaneous streak segregation pattern can occur in such a system, which we call a D-system. A phase diagram identifies three segregation pattern regimes in this study: the mixing regime, the core segregation regime, and the streak segregation regime.
CALCULATION OF RF PLASMA TORCH PARAMETERS BY MEANS OF NON-EQUILIBRIUM MODEL OF AR PLASMA (2011)

Calculation of RF plasma torch parameters was made by means of non-equilibrium model of plasma. In this study it was calculated RF ICP plasma torch by frequency 28 MHz; power 2-4 kW, inner diameter of the torch 24 mm, plasma gas - argon. Plasma torch has three axial gas flows: sheath gas G1 = 20 l/min, plasma gas G2 = 2.4 l/min, transport gas G3 = 3.4 l/min. Calculations have been performed within the frame of the method of the control volume. The results show that the injection of transport gas in the axis plasma zone leads to a strong disturbance of a thermal equilibrium and a cooling of the axis zone.
A General Method of Determining the Frequency-Dependent Propagation Coefficient and Characteristic Impedance of an Artery in the Presence of Reflections (1992)

An iterative method of calculating propagation parameters at harmonics of heart rate for a uniform vascular segment from a combination of four arterial waveform measurements is presented. Measurements of blood pressure, vascular diameter, and blood flow-rate may be combined arbitrarily provided only that at least one measurement of pressure and one of flow-rate be included; the requirement of four measurements implies at least two measurement sites along the vessel. The analysis is thus a generalization of those associated with previous methods of determining propagation parameters, allowing for instance relaxation of the requirement of equal spacing in the three-point method. Results are presented for the propagation of an impulse along a rubber tube when the measurements are pressure at two sites, flow-rate and diameter.
Evidence from Crosslinking for Nearest-Neighbor Relationships among the Three Extrinsic Proteins of Spinach Photosystem II Complexes that are Associated with Oxygen Evolution (1990)

Treatment of oxygen-evolving Photosystem II complexes, which lack light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b proteins, with a series of disuccinimidyl esters with different chain lengths yielded a crosslinked product which consisted of one molecule each of the extrinsic 33 kDa and 23 kDa proteins. In addition, crosslinking between the 33 kDa protein and the chlorophyll-carrying 47 kDa protein and between the 23 kDa and 17 kDa proteins was confirmed. Thus, the three extrinsic proteins are closely associated with each other to form a complex which is attached to the PS II reaction center complexes.
International intraocular lens registry (1999)

To ensure the highest quality of care for patients, surgeons must have the most up-to-date information on the intraocular lenses (IOLs) they implant. This registry presents the lens constants (A constant, anterior chamber depth, and surgeon factor) for all commercially available IOLs--869 lenses from 22 manufacturers. The constants will be updated every January.