gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Collision energy transfer in collision of NH4+(NH3)n−1 (n=3–9) with ND3 (2004)

An incorporation of ND3 into protonated ammonia cluster ions NH4+(NH3)n−1 (n=3–9), together with a dissociation of the cluster ions, was observed in the collision of the cluster with ND3 at collision energies ranging from 0.04 to 1.4 eV in the center-of-mass frame. The branching fractions of the cluster ion species produced in the reactions were obtained as a function of the collision energy. The branching fractions of the incorporation products were successfully explained in terms of the Rice–Ramsperger–Kassel (RRK) theory at collision energies lower than the binding energy of the cluster ion. In addition, the internal energy distributions of the parent cluster ions were determined, and found to be in good agreement with those predicted using the evaporative ensemble model. In incorporations at collision energies lower than the binding energy of the cluster ion, all of the collision energy was transferred to the internal energy of the cluster ions; subsequently, an evaporation of ammonia molecules occurred in an equilibrium process after a complete energy redistribution in the clusters. In contrast, at collision energies higher than the binding energy of the cluster ion, a release of an ammonia molecule from the incorporation products occurred in a nonequilibrium process. The transition from the complex mode to the direct mode in the incorporation was observed at collision energies approximately equal to the binding energy. On the other hand, the collision energy dependence of the cross sections for the dissociation and for a nonreactive collision were estimated by a RRK simulation in which the collision energy transfer was interpreted by using the classical hard-sphere collision model. A relationship between reactivity and reaction modes in the collision of NH4+(NH3)4 with ND3 is discussed via a comparison of the experimental results with the RRK simulation.
Three‐Component Synthesis of Amine Derivatives Using Benzylic and Allylic Alcohols as N‐Alkylating Agents in the Absence of External Catalysts and Additives (2008)

Abstract The direct employment of benzylic and allylic alcohols as N ‐alkylating agents provides a useful synthetic route for amine derivatives by avoiding the preactivation of the hydroxy groups of alcohols. Herein we report a novel by‐product‐catalyzed three‐component synthesis of amine derivatives from readily available benzylic and allylic alcohols, acyl chlorides (chloroformates or sulfonyl chlorides), and hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS). In the absence of external catalysts and additives, a range of benzylic and allylic alcohols have been transformed into the corresponding N ‐alkyl amides (carbamates or sulfonamides) in good to excellent yields. Furthermore, by‐product TMSCl and its decomposition into HCl have been found to be responsible for promoting the three‐component reaction of benzylic (or allylic) alcohols with acyl chlorides (chloroformates or sulfonyl chlorides) and HMDS.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
In situ growth of silver nanowires on reduced graphene oxide sheets for transparent electrically conductive films (2016)

<italic>In situ</italic> growth of silver nanowires (AgNWs) on the surface of functionalized-graphene (rGO) nanosheets is achieved and highly transparent, flexible and conductive AgNW–rGO/PVA films could be fabricated.
Synthesis and Modification of Holey Graphene for Energy Storage (2015)

Porous graphene materials have recently drawn significant interest for energy storage applications due to the effective use of the graphitic surface area provided by the pores. Holey graphene is a type of porous graphene with pores in the form of physical through thickness holes. This type of porous graphene provides a unique morphology that allows for effective transport of molecular species through the graphene plane. Therefore, as we recently demonstrated, holey graphene could be advantageous in the preparation of electrodes in supercapacitors with high volumetric performance.1 We have developed methodologies to scalably prepare holey graphene materials with or without the use of catalysts (Figure 1).1,2 In this presentation, we will discuss the choice of synthetic strategies and experimental conditions on the morphology and physical properties of holey graphene (Figure 2) and the effect on their electrochemical properties. We will also present the results on the further modification of holey graphene to study their physical and chemical properties, especially with regard to the stability and chemical reactivity of carbons located around the edges of the holes.
High Strength Underwater Bonding with Polymer Mimics of Mussel Adhesive Proteins (2017)

When it comes to underwater adhesion, shellfish are the true experts. Mussels, barnacles, and oysters attach to rocks with apparent ease. Yet our man-made glues often fail when trying to stick in wet environments. Results described herein focus on a copolymer mimic of mussel adhesive proteins, poly(catechol-styrene). Underwater bonding was examined as a function of parameters including polymer molecular weight and composition. In doing so, several surprising results emerged. Poly(catechol-styrene) may be the strongest underwater adhesive found to date. Bonding even exceeded that of the reference biological system, live mussels. Adhesion was also found to be stronger under salt water than deionized water. Such unexpected findings may contradict an earlier proposal in which charged amino acids were suggested to be key for mussel adhesive function. Taken together, these discoveries are helping us to both understand biological adhesion as well as develop new materials with properties not accessed previously.
Distributed Temperature Sensing Using Gas-filled Conjoined-tube Anti-resonant Fiber (2022)

Distributed temperature measurement is conducted for the first time in a gas-filled conjoined-tube hollow-core anti-resonant fiber (HC-CAF) at a pressure of 34.7 bar. A Brillouin gain of 0.08 m −1 W −1 and a temperature sensitivity of 2 MHz/K are yielded.
Complex Event Processing over Uncertain Data Streams (2010)

Pattern matching over event streams is well developed. However, with the increasing demand of measurement accuracy, confidence of more complex events sourced from original, continuously arriving events generated from sensor kind electronic devices is becoming more and more been concerned. Actually, some applications such as RFID-based supply chain management and monitoring in health care require data stream with high reliability, but current hardware and wireless communication techniques cannot support 100% confident data, one stream processing engine which can report confidence for processed complex events over uncertain data is needed. In this paper, we propose an optimized method to not only calculate the probability of outputs of compound events but also obtain the value of confidence of the complex pattern given by user against uncertain raw input data stream generated by distrustful network devices. Our proposal is based on an existing stream processing engine SASE+, and we extend its evaluation model NFAb automaton to a new type of automaton in order to manage the runtime against probabilistic stream. In the design of automaton, we consider optimizations to reduce the computation cost and response time to a realistic degree with long sliding time window.
Development of a musculoskeletal hand model and estimation of internal mechanical load during power grip tasks (2016)

There is a growing need for designing high-value-added products by taking account of ergonomics. However, conventional ergonomic design of products based on mock-up and sensory evaluation is costly, time-consuming and subjective. As an alternative, digital human technology, i.e., evaluation of mechanical interaction between human body and a product in a virtual space using a digital human model, has received considerable attention in recent years. In the present study, we developed an anatomically-based musculoskeletal model of the human hand for estimation of internal mechanical load during power grip tasks. Contact forces and muscle forces of a human hand grasping an object were successfully estimated by solving an optimization problem under given geometrical conditions between the hand and the object.
Brachytherapy (2004)

The concept of using radioactive isotopes for placement internally, i.e., brachytherapy, "in the practice of medicine for internal examinations or for destroying germs, microbes, bacteria, and the like" has been documented as early as 1903 in the United States Patent and Trademark Office (1). Various iterations in the techniques have emerged during the last century for treating prostate cancer with brachytherapy. The current transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided techniques were first described in the mid-1980s (2). Since then, the technique has gained enough currency to be paired off against radical retropubic prostatectomy in a National Cancer Institute-sponsored protocol. This chapter reviews the more recent trends in implantation technique and also discusses patient selection, side effects, and efficacy.KeywordsRadiat Oncol Biol PhysLocalize Prostate CancerRadical Retropubic ProstatectomyCleveland Clinic FoundationSeed ImplantationThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Konstitution und Reaktionen der Pyrrol‐Alkalisalze (1958)

Abstract Während Umsetzungen der K‐ und Na‐Salze von Pyrrolen mit Halogenverbindungen Pyrrol‐ N ‐Derivate ergeben hatten, entstehen mit den Li‐Salzen ebenso wie mit den Magnesylpyrrolen C ‐Derivate. — Alle Metallsalze des Pyrrols und der Alkylpyrrole sind als heteropolare Verbindungen eines mesomeriefähigen Anions aufzufassen. Das IR‐Spektrum der Na‐Verbindung von 2.4‐Dimethyl‐3.5‐dicarbäthoxy‐pyrrol konnte einwandfrei vermessen werden; es ist kein N ‐Metallderivat, sondern das Salz eines Carboxylat‐Anions. — Pyrrole lassen sich auch in wäßrig‐alkalischer Lösung benzylieren.
HMGB1: The Central Cytokine for All Lymphoid Cells (2013)

High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a leaderless cytokine, like the IL-1 and FGF family members, that has primary roles within the nucleus and the cytosol. Within the nucleus, it serves as another guardian of the genome, protecting it from oxidant injury and promoting access to transcriptional complexes such as nuclear hormone/nuclear hormone receptors and p53/p73 complexes. Within the cytosol it promotes autophagy and recruitment of the myddosome to Toll-like receptor (TLR) 9 vesicular compartments. Outside of the cell, it can either bind to specific receptors itself, or with high affinity to DNA, nucleosomes, IL-1β, lipopolysaccharide, and lipoteichoic acid to mediate responses in specific physiological or pathological conditions. Currently identified receptors include TLR2, TLR4, the receptor for advanced glycation end products, CD24-Siglec G/10, chemokine CXC receptor 4, and TIM-3. In terms of its effects or functions within lymphoid cells, HMGB1 is principally secreted from mature dendritic cells (DCs) to promote T-cell and B-cell reactivity and expansion and from activated natural killer cells to promote DC maturation during the afferent immune response. Some studies suggest that its primary role in the setting of chronic inflammation is to promote immunosuppression. As such, HMGB1 is a central cytokine for all lymphoid cells playing a role complementary to its better studied role in myeloid cells.
The role of CT in the diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the ethmoid. (1990)

A retrospective study of 26 patients with ethmoid adenocarcinoma is presented. CT proves to be of great diagnostic value in demonstrating the location and extension of these tumors. The only interpretation problem that may exist is the overestimation of the tumor extension due to the occurrence of retro-obstructive sinusitis.
Methods for comparative ChIA-PET and Hi-C data analysis (2019)

The three-dimensional architecture of chromatin in the nucleus is important for genome regulation and function. Advanced high-throughput sequencing-based methods have been developed for capturing chromatin interactions (Hi-C, genome-wide chromosome conformation capture) or enriching for those involving a specific protein (ChIA-PET, chromatin interaction analysis with paired-end tag sequencing). There is widespread interest in utilizing and interpreting ChIA-PET and Hi-C. We review methods for comparative ChIA-PET and Hi-C data analysis and visualization. The topics reviewed include: downloading ChIA-PET and Hi-C data from the ENCODE and 4DN portals; processing ChIA-PET data using ChIA-PIPE; processing Hi-C data using Juicer or distiller and cooler; viewing 2D contact maps using Juicebox or Higlass; viewing peaks, loops, and domains using BASIC Browser; annotating convergent and tandem CTCF loops.
Microanastomosis vasculares asistidas por láser de diodo de 1,95 μm (LAMA) en Cirugía ReconstructivaLas microanastomosis vasculares con ayuda del láser (2010)

Figura 1: Microanastomosis de carótida de rata asistida por láser de diodo 1,9 µm: Diámetro 1,1 mm, 2 microsuturas de acercamiento, 10 spots láser sobre cada una de las caras (anterior y posterior) del vaso, con una fluencia de 95 J/cm² y una P (Potencia) de 120 mW).NUEVAS TECNOLOGÍAS EN CIRUGÍA PLÁSTICA-ESTÉTICA C CI IR RU UG GÍ ÍA A P PL LÁ ÁS ST TI IC CA
Filtering-Based Analysis of Spectral and Temporal Effects of Room Modes on Low-Level Descriptors of Emotionally Coloured Speech (2020)

Emotion recognition in far-field speech is challenging due to various
acoustic factors. The present contribution especially considers dominant lowfrequency
room modes which are often found in small rooms and cause variations
in the low-frequency acoustical response at various listening locations.
The impact of this spatial variation on low-level descriptors, used for feature sets
in speech emotion recognition, has not been analysed in detail so far.
This shortfall will be addressed in this paper, by utilising the well-known benchmark
dataset EMO-DB providing emotionally coloured speech of high quality. The
measured room response of a speaker cabin is compared with artificial approximations
of its frequency response in the low frequency range. Two techniques were
applied to obtain the approximations: The first technique uses multiple resonant
filters in the low frequency region, whose parameters are determined by a leastsquares
fit. The second technique used a modified version of the cabin’s amplitude
spectrum, that was set to unity for higher frequencies and transformed to minimum
phase and to time domain.
To be able to identify the impact of room modes on the low-level descriptors, correlation
coefficients between the “clean” and modified EMO-DB utterances are
calculated and compared to each other. Furthermore, a speech emotion recognition
system is used to identify the impact on the recognition performance.
Minimum variance block-based nonnegative matrix factorization algorithm for hyperspectral unmixing (2012)

In this paper, we present a new minimum variance constrained nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) algorithm using the block principal pivoting optimization strategy for hyperspectral unmixing, named MVBPP. The proposed approach has two advantages. One is that the BPP-based NMF algorithm has shown good convergence property and better computational speed than other NMF ones. The other is that the proposed approach does not need the existence assumption of pure pixel of each endmember in the scene. Experimental results on highly mixed synthetic data confirm the accuracy of the developed algorithm.
RNAi Reveals Phase-Specific Global Regulators of Human Somatic Cell Reprogramming (2016)

Incomplete knowledge of the mechanisms at work continues to hamper efforts to maximize reprogramming efficiency. Here, we present a systematic genome-wide RNAi screen to determine the global regulators during the early stages of human reprogramming. Our screen identifies functional repressors and effectors that act to impede or promote the reprogramming process. Repressors and effectors form close interacting networks in pathways, including RNA processing, G protein signaling, protein ubiquitination, and chromatin modification. Combinatorial knockdown of five repressors (SMAD3, ZMYM2, SFRS11, SAE1, and ESET) synergistically resulted in ∼85% TRA-1-60-positive cells. Removal of the novel splicing factor SFRS11 during reprogramming is accompanied by rapid acquisition of pluripotency-specific spliced forms. Mechanistically, SFRS11 regulates exon skipping and mutually exclusive splicing of transcripts in genes involved in cell differentiation, mRNA splicing, and chromatin modification. Our study provides insights into the reprogramming process, which comprises comprehensive and multi-layered transcriptional, splicing, and epigenetic machineries.
Sistema administrativo – operativo y su incidencia en la rentabilidad de la empresa Bjf trading S.A. Año 2014. Manual de Gestión. (2016)

This research has as main purpose to evaluate the Administrative System - Operational and its impact on the profitability of the company BJF TRADING S.A. located in the province of Guayas in the city of Guayaquil, determining the main shortcomings of their administrative processes, and then propose a series of practical solutions to solve these problems framed, allowing further increase its profitability. The company purpose of this study did not have an adequate operating administrative system that contributes to the optimization of company resources, which has resulted in a major way to its profitability, nor has a strategic direction and any planning, plus the staff know all the functions of their job; all these aspects contribute to not achieve optimal profitability according to business that the company develops BJF TRADING S.A.. For the collection and analysis of information some methods and research techniques as interviews and surveys were used, which allowed us to collect a series of data provided by the manager, employees and customers of the company, for information processing and preparing charts and graphs the Excel program was used. The results achieved fully justify the development of a Management Manual for the company BJF TRADING SA, which consists of a series of objectives, strategies and action programs, making it an excellent management tool that addresses the efforts of the company to improve current levels of profitability in the decision-making process of the company, thus allowing to achieve sustained development.
Predictive Engineering Tools for Novel Fuels (2016)

This project was funded through the Campus Executive Fellowship at University of California (UC) Berkeley, and had two principal aims. First, it sought to explore predictive tools for estimating fuel properties based on molecular structure, with the goal of identifying promising candidates for new fuels to be synthesized. Second, it sought to investigate the possibility of increasing engine efficiency by substituting air for a working fluid with higher efficiency potential employed in a closed loop, namely a mixture of argon and oxygen. In pursuing the predictive tool for novel fuels, a new model was built that proved to be highly predictive of autoignition characteristics for a wide variety of hydrocarbons, esters, ethers and alcohols, and reasonably predictive for furan and tetrahydrofuran compounds, the target class of novel fuels. Obtaining more “training data” for the model improved its predictive capabilities, and further reductions in the uncertainty of the predictions would be possible with more training data. In investigating the concept of a closed-loop engine cycle using an argon-oxygen working fluid, substantial progress was made. Initial engineering models were built showing the feasibility of the concept; numerous collaborations were formed with industry and academic partners; external funding was secured from the California Energy Commission (CEC) to build a dedicated engine platform for research; and this engine platform was designed and constructed. Experimental work and associated modeling studies will take place in late 2016 and early 2017.
SN 2009ip at late times – an interacting transient at +2 years (2015)

Americanae nace como un proyecto conjunto que surge dentro de la Red Europea de Información y Documentación sobre América Latina (REDIAL), y que ha afrontado la Biblioteca de la Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (AECID). Esta nueva biblioteca virtual hace más accesibles los libros digitales de tema americanista a los investigadores y usuarios interesados de cualquier parte del mundo.
In Situ Electrochemical Digital Holographic Microscopy; a Study of Metal Electrodeposition in Deep Eutectic Solvents (2013)

This study has shown for the first time that digital holographic microscopy (DHM) can be used as a new analytical tool in analysis of kinetic mechanism and growth during electrolytic deposition processes. Unlike many alternative established electrochemical microscopy methods such as probe microscopy, DHM is both the noninvasive and noncontact, the unique holographic imaging allows the observations and measurement to be made remotely. DHM also provides interferometric resolution (nanometer vertical scale) with a very short acquisition time. It is a surface metrology technique that enables the retrieval of information about a 3D structure from the phase contrast of a single hologram acquired using a conventional digital camera. Here DHM has been applied to investigate directly the electro-crystallization of a metal on a substrate in real time (in situ) from two deep eutectic solvent (DES) systems based on mixture of choline chloride and either urea or ethylene glycol. We show, using electrochemical DHM that the nucleation and growth of silver deposits in these systems are quite distinct and influenced strongly by the hydrogen bond donor of the DES.
Automatic error recovery for pronunciation dictionaries (2012)

In this paper, we present our latest investigations on pronunciation modeling and its impact on ASR. We propose completely automatic methods to detect, remove, and substitute inconsistent or flawed entries in pronunciation dictionaries. The experiments were conducted on different tasks, namely (1) word-pronunciation pairs from the Czech, English, French, German, Polish, and Spanish Wiktionary [1], a multilingual wiki-based open content dictionary, (2) our GlobalPhone Hausa pronunciation dictionary [2], and (3) pronunciations to complement our Mandarin-English SEAME code-switch dictionary [3]. In the final results, we fairly observed on average an improvement of 2.0% relative in terms of word error rate and even 27.3% for the case of English Wiktionary word-pronunciation pairs.