gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Introduction (2015)

Abstract Chapter 1 introduces core concepts behind Phase I Trials including the history of Phase I cancer trials, the process of developing new agents for cancer therapy, finding the recommended doses and dosage schedules of new agents, and the unique facets of cancer therapeutics which set it apart from other therapeutic areas such as the study participant pool as well as ethical issues. This chapter also clarifies the purpose of the second edition and specifies the language and abbreviations used in throughout the title.
Important unanswered questions—1970 (1971)

Abstract This paper was given as the opening address at the 1970 Albany International Conference on Radiation Effects in Semiconductors, and it attempts to establish a general overview of the field by concentrating on recent research developments and important unanswered questions. The continuing importance of impurity-defect interactions, of microscopic defect identification, and of the necessity for more theoretical calculations are emphasized. The rapid development of the field of ion implantation and its close relationship with radiation effects studies are pointed out. It is predicted that research in compound semiconductors will increase rapidly with close beneficial interaction with ion implantation studies.
3D Printing of Molecular Models with Calculated Geometries and p Orbital Isosurfaces (2017)

3D printing was used to prepare models of the calculated geometries of unsaturated organic structures. Incorporation of p orbital isosurfaces into the models enables students in introductory organic chemistry courses to have hands-on experience with the concept of orbital alignment in strained and unstrained π systems.
A small (2.4 Mb) Bacillus cereus chromosome corresponds to a conserved region of a larger (5.3 Mb) Bacillus cereus chromosome (1994)

We have determined the sizes of the chromosomes of six Bacillus cereus strains (range 2.4-4.3 Mb) and constructed a physical map of the smallest B. cereus chromosome (2.4 Mb). This map was compared to those of the chromosomes of four B. cereus strains and one B. thuringiensis strain previously determined to be 5.4-6.3 Mb. Of more than 50 probes, 30 were localized to the same half of the larger B. cereus and B. thuringiensis chromosomes. All 30 were also present on the small chromosome. Twenty of the probes present on the other half of the larger chromosomes were either present on extrachromosomal DNA, or absent from the B. cereus strain carrying the small chromosome. We propose that the genome of B. cereus/B. thuringiensis has one constant part and another less stable part which is more easily mobilized into other genetic elements. This part of the genome is localized to one region of the chromosome and may be subject to deletions or more frequent relocations between the chromosome and episomal elements of varying sizes up to the order of megabases.
Determination of Chromium Concentration in Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Cathodes: (La,Sr)MnO[sub 3] and (La,Sr)FeO[sub 3] (2009)

Chromium poisoning was investigated at the cathode/ electrolyte interfaces under cathodic polarization by using a preoxidized Cr metal. The concentration levels of Cr in the porous cathodes [ (LSM) and (LSF)] was first determined by secondary ion mass spectrometry. Maxima of Cr concentration were observed at the LSM/electrolyte interfaces (about 1000 ppm). On the other hand, no maxima of Cr concentration were observed with homogeneous distribution of Cr (1000–1700 ppm). The amount of Cr deposited in the LSF cathode is estimated to be about 21% of the supplied Cr and is about 1.6 times higher in the LSM.
Rhabditis (Oscheius) pheropsophi n. sp. (Rhabditida: Rhabditidae). (1994)

Rhabditis (Oscheius) pheropsophi n. sp., associated with cadavers of the bombardier beetle, Pheropsophus aequinoctialis, is described from material collected in Brazil. Mean body length of the female is 1,217 mum, of the male 872 mum, and of the dauer juvenile 568 mum. The female has six lips with one papilla on each lateral lip and two on each sublateral lip; stoma wall thickened dorsally, metarhabdions with warts, excretory pore near base of esophagus, tail long (c = 8), and phasmids prominent, protruding on scanning electron microscope preparations. The male has 10 pairs of bursal ribs, with the terminal pair considerably smaller than the others; spicules fused distally two-thirds of their length. The new species can be distinguished from other members of the Dolichura-group by its fused spicules.
Understanding failures of NHS policy implementation in relation to borderline personality disorder: Learning lessons and moving towards an authentic person-centred service (2009)

Despite an increasing number of policies and guidelines relating to psychological therapies within the NHS, there is little clear evidence of many of the intended benefits actually accruing from their implementation. Drawing on the work of Tom Main and others, this paper examines some of the emotional and unconscious factors, in both staff and patients, which determine the fate of policies and specifically the extent to which they become authentically embedded within a hospital system. Unanticipated or unintended effects of past policy implementation in relation to borderline personality disorder are discussed in the context of secondary and tertiary level NHS psychotherapy services. These effects include the risk that the latter services become sidelined by cheaper initiatives and interventions at primary care level, irrespective of the evidence base in relation to borderline personality disorder. Given the financial and human costs of policy failure, the paper proposes a significant and active role for psychodynamic psychotherapists in promoting a more thoughtful approach to local policy implementation so as to lead toward a service that is genuinely patient-centred.
Acute and long-term estradiol kinetics in smoking postmenopausal women (2011)

We conclude that smoking reduces serum estrogens at both trough and after 2 h in postmenopausal women on estrogen treatment. The effect of smoking on estrogen concentrations is fully expressed in women smoking ten or less cigarettes daily. These findings indicate that the influence of smoking upon the metabolism of estrogen therapy is constant and without dose-response for standard smoking intensities.
Augmentation of the neutrophil response to Naegleria fowleri by tumor necrosis factor alpha (1989)

Conditioned medium from phytohemagglutinin-stimulated human mononuclear leukocytes, previously shown to activate neutrophils for amoeba killing, was found to contain high levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The effects of human recombinant TNF-alpha on the response of human neutrophils to the pathogenic free-living amoeba Naegleria fowleri was studied in vitro. The data showed that recombinant human TNF-alpha augmented the neutrophil respiratory burst (assessed by the cytochrome c reduction assay and lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence assay) in response to amoebae opsonized with human serum. The priming effects of TNF-alpha were transient; marked enhancement was found with short 5- to 30-min preincubations of neutrophils with the cytokine. The enhancement of oxygen radical production was evident with 20 U of TNF-alpha per 10(6) neutrophils and continued to increase with up to 100 U. TNF-alpha also augmented the neutrophil lysosomal enzyme release in response to N. fowleri. The results support previous reports suggesting an important role of neutrophil cytokine activation for effective immunity against free-living amoebae.
Expediting back‐projection algorithm for circular SAR imaging (2015)

The availability of an expediting back‐projection (EBP) algorithm for circular synthetic aperture radar (CSAR) imaging is investigated. EBP works by dividing the full aperture into sub‐apertures, and using a unified polar grid to generate sub‐images. On the basis of the correspondence between the wavenumber domain and the phase history domain, EBP combines all sub‐aperture spectrums into a full‐aperture one and reconstructs the CSAR image followed by a two‐dimensional (2D) fast Fourier transform. Without time‐consuming 2D interpolation, EBP is capable of decreasing the loss of spectrum, while improving significantly the computational efficiency compared with direct BP.
2-DOF Analysis of Self-Excited Vibration of a Flying Slider in a Near-Contact Regime (2004)

We investigated a design method of a flying head slider that can suppress the bouncing vibration in a near-contact regime. We numerically computed the slider dynamics of a 2-DOF slider model by using the bulk contact force, the simple adhesive force and nonlinear air-bearing stiffness. As a result, we could get the self-excited bouncing vibration whose general characteristics are very similar to the experimented results. Parametric study shows that the frictional coefficient, attractive force and contact stiffness should be decreased and front and rear air-bearing stiffness and ratio of rear to front air-bearing stiffness should be increased in order to realize a stable flying slider in a smallest possible spacing.
Energy and Material Balance of CO2 Capture from Ambient Air (2007)

Current Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technologies focus on large, stationary sources that produce approximately 50% of global CO2 emissions. We propose an industrial technology that captures CO2 directly from ambient air to target the remaining emissions. First, a wet scrubbing technique absorbs CO2 into a sodium hydroxide solution. The resultant carbonate is transferred from sodium ions to calcium ions via causticization. The captured CO2 is released from the calcium carbonate through thermal calcination in a modified kiln. The energy consumption is calculated as 350 kJ/mol of CO2 captured. It is dominated by the thermal energy demand of the kiln and the mechanical power required for air movement. The low concentration of CO2 in air requires a throughput of 3 million cubic meters of air per ton of CO2 removed, which could result in significant water losses. Electricity consumption in the process results in CO2 emissions and the use of coal power would significantly reduce to net amount captured. The thermodynamic efficiency of this process is low but comparable to other "end of pipe" capture technologies. As another carbon mitigation technology, air capture could allow for the continued use of liquid hydrocarbon fuels in the transportation sector.
Specificities of FemA and FemB for different glycine residues: FemB cannot substitute for FemA in staphylococcal peptidoglycan pentaglycine side chain formation (1997)

The femAB operon codes for two nearly identical approximately 50-kDa proteins involved in the formation of the staphylococcal pentaglycine interpeptide bridge. Sequencing and analysis of the femA region of mutants isolated by chemical mutagenesis and selection for lysostaphin resistance revealed point mutations leading to the expression of truncated FemA proteins. These femA mutants, although still producing an intact FemB, exhibited a phenotype identical as that described for femAB double mutants. Thus, FemA seems to be essential for the addition of glycine residues 2 and 3 only, whereas FemB is involved in the attachment of exclusively glycine residues 4 and 5. Although FemB has 39% identity with FemA, it cannot substitute for FemA. The FemA and FemB proteins seem to be highly specific in regard to the position of the glycine residues that they attach.
Near-body interaction for wearable interfaces (2019)

Smart devices and mobile interfaces are getting evermore pervasive and available to users, so that nowadays information access is possible almost anywhere and anytime. With the frequency of mobile interactions increasing, access time and always availability are becoming more and more important. As a result, interfaces are moving closer to the user’s body. While smart phones enabled users to access and interact with information with reach from the user’s pocket, wearable devices such as smart eyewear and smart watches are further advancing this trend. By being able to always display information within or near the user’s field of view, a faster access time to information can be enabled. When it comes to interaction with wearable interfaces, however, no interaction techniques could be established as state-of-the-art yet. Building on that, this thesis contributes to the field of human-computer interaction (HCI) by investigating important properties for near-body interaction with wearable interfaces. For user input, novel concepts for near-body touch techniques are introduced, using the user’s body as an interaction delimiter. The body of research includes social implications of wearable interaction techniques and the internal perception of unobtrusiveness, the input expressiveness of touch gestures in mobile contexts, and suitable on- and off-body input locations. For user output, current modalities for wearable devices are mostly limited to visual and haptic feedback. In this thesis, the capabilities of haptic feedback are extended to positional feedback, using not only the temporal domain of vibrational feedback, but also positional continuous feedback by self-actuation. Furthermore, the concept of scent-based feedback is explored by introducing a wearable olfactory display that can emit multiple scents as an emotional channel for mobile notifications.
A Transglutaminase That Converts Interleukin-2 into a Factor Cytotoxic to Oligodendrocytes (1993)

Regenerating optic nerves from fish produce a factor that is cytotoxic to oligodendrocytes. The cytotoxic factor is recognized by antibodies to interleukin-2 (IL-2) and has the apparent molecular size of a dimer of IL-2. An enzyme, identified as a nerve transglutaminase, was purified from regenerating optic nerves of fish and was found to catalyze dimerization of human IL-2. The dimerized IL-2, unlike monomeric IL-2, is cytotoxic to oligodendrocytes from rat brain in culture. The results suggest that posttranslational modification of a cytokine can alter its activity. Under conditions in which oligodendrocytes inhibit neuronal regeneration, dimerization of IL-2 might provide a mechanism to permit nerve growth.
CERKL regulates autophagy via the NAD-dependent deacetylase SIRT1 (2018)

Macroautophagy/autophagy is an important intracellular mechanism for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Here we show that the CERKL (ceramide kinase like) gene, a retinal degeneration (RD) pathogenic gene, plays a critical role in regulating autophagy by stabilizing SIRT1. In vitro and in vivo, suppressing CERKL results in impaired autophagy. SIRT1 is one of the main regulators of acetylation/deacetylation in autophagy. In CERKL-depleted retinas and cells, SIRT1 is downregulated. ATG5 and ATG7, 2 essential components of autophagy, show a higher degree of acetylation in CERKL-depleted cells. Overexpression of SIRT1 rescues autophagy in CERKL-depleted cells, whereas CERKL loses its function of regulating autophagy in SIRT1-depleted cells, and overexpression of CERKL upregulates SIRT1. Finally, we show that CERKL directly interacts with SIRT1, and may regulate its phosphorylation at Ser27 to stabilize SIRT1. These results show that CERKL is an important regulator of autophagy and it plays this role by stabilizing the deacetylase SIRT1.
Estimation of the Cylinder Pressure in a SI Engine Using the Variation of Crankshaft Speed (1994)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper describes to measure the cylinder pressure in a SI engine using the variation of crankshaft speed. Assuming engine dynamics as a single degree of freedom the energy equation is derived. Through some assumptions each cylinder pressure can be estimated form the pressure torque.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Through this study cylinder pressures by this method show good accord with measured value in low to medium speed ranges. For more accurate analysis the crank angle based modeling of friction and vibration is required.&lt;/div&gt;
Oxylipin Response to Acute and Chronic Exercise: A Systematic Review (2020)

Oxylipins are oxidized compounds of polyunsaturated fatty acids that play important roles in the body. Recently, metabololipidomic-based studies using advanced mass spectrometry have measured the oxylipins generated during acute and chronic physical exercise and described the related physiological effects. The objective of this systematic review was to provide a panel of the primary exercise-related oxylipins and their respective functions in healthy individuals. Searches were performed in five databases (Cochrane, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus and Web of Science) using combinations of the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms: "Humans", "Exercise", "Physical Activity", "Sports", "Oxylipins", and "Lipid Mediators". An adapted scoring system created in a previous study from our group was used to rate the quality of the studies. Nine studies were included after examining 1749 documents. Seven studies focused on the acute effect of physical exercise while two studies determined the effects of exercise training on the oxylipin profile. Numerous oxylipins are mobilized during intensive and prolonged exercise, with most related to the inflammatory process, immune function, tissue repair, cardiovascular and renal functions, and oxidative stress.
Photochemistry on Surfaces: Matrix Isolation Mechanisms Study of Interactions of Benzophenone Adsorbed on Microcrystalline Cellulose Investigated by Diffuse Reflectance and Luminescence Techniques (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotochemistry on Surfaces: Matrix Isolation Mechanisms Study of Interactions of Benzophenone Adsorbed on Microcrystalline Cellulose Investigated by Diffuse Reflectance and Luminescence TechniquesL. F. Vieira Ferreira, J. C. Netto-Ferreira, I. V. Khmelinskii, A. R. Garcia, and Silvia M. B. CostaCite this: Langmuir 1995, 11, 1, 231–236Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00001a040https://doi.org/10.1021/la00001a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views232Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Modelling and Performance Analysis of an Autonomous Marine Vehicle Powered by a Fuel Cell Hybrid Powertrain (2022)

This paper describes the implementation of a hydrogen-based system for an autonomous surface vehicle in an effort to reduce environmental impact and increase driving range. In a suitable computational environment, the dynamic electrical model of the entire hybrid powertrain, consisting of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, a hydrogen metal hydride storage system, a lithium battery, two brushless DC motors, and two control subsystems, is implemented. The developed calculation tool is used to perform the dynamic analysis of the hybrid propulsion system during four different operating journeys, investigating the performance achieved to examine the obtained performance, determine the feasibility of the work runs and highlight the critical points. During the trips, the engine shows fluctuating performance trends while the energy consumption reaches 1087 Wh for the fuel cell (corresponding to 71 g of hydrogen) and 370 Wh for the battery, consuming almost all the energy stored on board.
A novel bioinformatics pipeline for identification and characterization of fusion transcripts in breast cancer and normal cell lines (2011)

SnowShoes-FTD, developed for fusion transcript detection in paired-end mRNA-Seq data, employs multiple steps of false positive filtering to nominate fusion transcripts with near 100% confidence. Unique features include: (i) identification of multiple fusion isoforms from two gene partners; (ii) prediction of genomic rearrangements; (iii) identification of exon fusion boundaries; (iv) generation of a 5'-3' fusion spanning sequence for PCR validation; and (v) prediction of the protein sequences, including frame shift and amino acid insertions. We applied SnowShoes-FTD to identify 50 fusion candidates in 22 breast cancer and 9 non-transformed cell lines. Five additional fusion candidates with two isoforms were confirmed. In all, 30 of 55 fusion candidates had in-frame protein products. No fusion transcripts were detected in non-transformed cells. Consideration of the possible functions of a subset of predicted fusion proteins suggests several potentially important functions in transformation, including a possible new mechanism for overexpression of ERBB2 in a HER-positive cell line. The source code of SnowShoes-FTD is provided in two formats: one configured to run on the Sun Grid Engine for parallelization, and the other formatted to run on a single LINUX node. Executables in PERL are available for download from our web site: http://mayoresearch.mayo.edu/mayo/research/biostat/stand-alone-packages.cfm.
Undercontribution bias in health care spending account decisions. (1997)

Results from this work describe 239 responses to a mailed survey regarding employee benefits decisions at a large eastern university. The primary objective of this work is to test for an undercontribution bias in health care financing decisions. The results establish the existence of an undercontribution bias in both actual employee decisions and hypothetical flexible spending account contribution decisions. We describe this bias within the context of related biases including loss aversion, mental accounting, status quo and omission biases. Surprisingly, we find a significant order effect in this study and posit that preference construction in this context is an active, reference-dependent process. In addition, results from this work demonstrate the endogenous nature of health care flexible spending account expenditures. The results have important implications both for the descriptive framework of and the normative solution to the flexible spending account contribution decision.
Highly transmissive luminescent down-shifting layers filled with phosphor particles for photovoltaics (2015)

We study the optical properties of polymer layers filled with phosphor particles in two aspects. First, we used two different polymer binders with refractive indices n = 1.46 and n = 1.61 (λ = 600 nm) to study the influence of Δn with the phosphor particles (n = 1.81). Second, we prepared two particle size distributions D50 = 12 µm and D50 = 19 µm. The particles were dispersed in both polymer binders in several volume concentrations and coated with thicknesses of 150-600 µm onto glass substrates. Experimental results and numerical simulations show that the layers of the higher refractive index binder with larger particles result in the highest optical transmittance in the visible light spectrum. Finally, we used numerical simulations to determine optimal layer composition for application in realistic photovoltaic devices.