gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Disorder–Order Interplay of a Barnacle Cement Protein Triggered by Interactions with Calcium and Carbonate Ions: A Molecular Dynamics Study (2020)

Barnacles strongly adhere to immersed solid substrates using a mixture of cement proteins (CP) that self-assembles into a permanently bonded layer and binds the barnacles’ shells to foreign surfaces. MrCP20 from Megabalanus rosa has been identified as a putative interfacial CP; however, its functional role remains uncertain. Since the barnacle shell is primarily composed of calcite, we carry out molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the molecular interactions between MrCP20 and calcium carbonate (in free ionic form and as calcite surface). We find that MrCP20 sequesters free Ca2+ and CO32– ions on its highly charged surface through disorder–order interplay of the protein and ions. A similar ordering is seen in the protein conformational landscape upon interactions with the calcite surface. Structural examinations indicate that the energetically favorable interactions with calcium carbonate are mediated by charged functional groups that flank the structured regions of MrCP20 and networks of water molecules. In vitro biomineralization experiments and X-ray diffraction indicate that MrCP20 favors the precipitation of the less stable vaterite polymorph of CaCO3. Our study suggests that the barnacles exploit the semi-(dis)ordered nature of acidic MrCP20 to adhere to surfaces like calcite, thereby regulating nucleation, growth, or morphology of the mineral, while simultaneously interacting with other biomolecules in cement.
A CMOS switched-capacitor variable line equalizer (1983)

The authors describe the design concept and experimental results for a CMOS switched-capacitor variable-line equalizer to be used in time-compression multiplexed (TCM) digital subscriber loop transmission systems. The equalizer transfer function is optimized in the time domain to relax the filter complexity to half that required by the application of classical communication techniques. In order the equalize wide-bandwidth high-speed digital data, a 50 MHz CMOS operational amplifier is proposed. The amplifier uses a folded cascade and buffer structure to achieve good stability against load capacitance change. An experimental chip has been fabricated with 2.5 /spl mu/m CMOS technology. The chip shows excellent characteristics for the equalization of 200 kb/s data travelling through pair cables of 5 km and 0.4 mm diameter.
Heating Dissipation Discussion of TSV-integrated Ion Trap with Glass Interposer (2021)

In this work, we discuss the possible solutions to mitigate the temperature increase issue in TSV integrated ion trap with two approaches: (1) heat generation reduction, and (2) heat dissipation enhancement. We investigate the effect of electrical conductivity of silicon, grounding plane, number of TSV and TSV pitch towards the power loss and associated temperature increase of the ion trap. It is found that the temperature increase can be maintained below 2 K if suitable silicon substrate is used, or a grounding plane is introduced below the electrodes. As compared to the number of TSV density, the effect of TSV pitch is less significant. On the other hand, additional thermal dissipation medium is introduced apart from the original micro bumps between ion trap and interposer to enable high efficiency heat dissipation. Also, to select an appropriate interposer substrate, the relationship between the temperature increase and the thermal conductivity of interposer is evaluated. This work provides insights into the thermal management of large-scale ion trap implementation.
Development of piezoelectric microcantilever flow sensor with wind-driven energy harvesting capability (2012)

We have developed a piezoelectric (PZT) microcantilever as an air flow sensor and a wind-driven energy harvester for a self-sustained flow-sensing microsystem. A flow sensing sensitivity of 0.9 mV/(m/s) is obtained. The output voltage and optimized power regarding to the load resistance of 100 kΩ are measured as 18.1 mV and 3.3 nW at flow velocity of 15.6 m/s, respectively. The corresponding power density is as large as 0.36 mW/cm3. The experimental results have elucidated the smart function of using PZT microcantilevers as flow-sensors and wind-driven energy harvesters simultaneously.
The deprotonated amido vs. the amino group in the stabilization of coordinated trivalent copper and nickel cations. An electrochemical evaluation. (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleThe deprotonated amido vs. the amino group in the stabilization of coordinated trivalent copper and nickel cations. An electrochemical evaluation.L. Fabbrizzi, A. Perotti, and A. PoggiCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1983, 22, 9, 1411–1412Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00151a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00151a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views193Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Aerosol delivery of dry powder synthetic lung surfactant to surfactant-deficient rabbits and preterm lambs on non-invasive respiratory support (2019)

<ns4:p> <ns4:bold>Background</ns4:bold> : The development of synthetic lung surfactant for preterm infants has focused on peptide analogues of native surfactant proteins B and C (SP-B and SP-C). Non-invasive respiratory support with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) may benefit from synthetic surfactant for aerosol delivery. </ns4:p> <ns4:p> <ns4:bold>Methods</ns4:bold> : A total of three dry powder (DP) surfactants, consisting of phospholipids and the SP-B analogue Super Mini-B (SMB), and one negative control DP surfactant without SMB, were produced with the Acorda Therapeutics ARCUS® Pulmonary Dry Powder Technology. Structure of the DP surfactants was compared with FTIR spectroscopy, <ns4:italic>in vitro</ns4:italic> surface activity with captive bubble surfactometry, and <ns4:italic>in vivo</ns4:italic> activity in surfactant-deficient adult rabbits and preterm lambs. In the animal experiments, intratracheal (IT) aerosol delivery was compared with surfactant aerosolization during nCPAP support. Surfactant dosage was 100 mg/kg of lipids and aerosolization was performed using a low flow inhaler. </ns4:p> <ns4:p> <ns4:bold>Results:</ns4:bold> FTIR spectra of the three DP surfactants each showed secondary structures compatible with peptide folding as an α-helix hairpin, similar to that previously noted for surface-active SMB in other lipids. The DP surfactants with SMB demonstrated <ns4:italic>in vitro</ns4:italic> surface activity &lt;1 mN/m. Oxygenation and lung function increased quickly after IT aerosolization of DP surfactant in both surfactant-deficient rabbits and preterm lambs, similar to improvements seen with clinical surfactant. The response to nCPAP aerosol delivery of DP surfactant was about 50% of IT aerosol delivery, but could be boosted with a second dose in the preterm lambs. </ns4:p> <ns4:p> <ns4:bold>Conclusions:</ns4:bold> Aerosol delivery of active DP synthetic surfactant during non-invasive respiratory support with nCPAP significantly improved oxygenation and lung function in surfactant-deficient animals and this response could be enhanced by giving a second dose. Aerosol delivery of DP synthetic lung surfactant has potential for clinical applications. </ns4:p>
The Power of Goal Setting (2006)

The Power of Goal Setting Claresa Levetan, MD, FACE Main Line Endocrinology Diseases like diabetes and heart disease are largely preventable.An NIH study in this country followed those conducted in China and Finland; all found that lifestyle changes will prevent diabetes by 60 percent among those at highest risk for the disease.All three studies demonstrated that education not medication was the key to success. [1][2]][3]
Students’ Reactions to Teacher Comments: An Exploratory Study (1997)

Current scholarship indicates that most writing students read and make use of teachers’ written comments on their drafts and find some types of comments more helpful than others. But the research is unclear about which comments students find most useful and why. This article presents the results of a survey of 142 first- year college writing students’ perceptions about teacher comments on a writing sample. A 40-item questionnaire was used to investigate students’ reactions to three variables of teacher response: focus, specificity, and mode. The survey found that these college students seemed equally interested in getting responses on global matters of content, purpose, and organization as on local matters of sentence structure, wording, and correctness, but were wary of negative comments about ideas they had already expressed in their text. It also found that these students favored detailed commentary with specific and elaborated comments, but they did not like comments that sought to control their writing or that failed to provide helpful criticism for improving the writing. They most preferred comments that provided employed open questions, or included explanations that guided revision.
Electrostatic and Hydrophobic Interactions Differentially Tune Membrane Binding Kinetics of the C2 Domain of Protein Kinase Cα (2013)

The cellular activation of conventional protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes is initiated by the binding of their C2 domains to membranes in response to elevations in intracellular Ca(2+). Following this C2 domain-mediated membrane recruitment, the C1 domain binds its membrane-embedded ligand diacylglycerol, resulting in activation of PKC. Here we explore the molecular mechanisms by which the C2 domain controls the initial step in the activation of PKC. Using stopped-flow fluorescence spectroscopy to measure association and dissociation rate constants, we show that hydrophobic interactions are the major driving force in the binding of the C2 domain to anionic membranes, whereas electrostatic interactions dominate in membrane retention. Specifically, mutation of select hydrophobic or select basic residues in the Ca(2+)-binding loops reduces membrane affinity by distinct mechanisms; mutation of hydrophobic residues primarily alters association rate constants, whereas mutation of charged residues affects dissociation rate constants. Live cell imaging reveals that introduction of these mutations into full-length PKCα not only reduces the Ca(2+)-dependent translocation to plasma membrane but, by impairing the plasma membrane-sensing role of the C2 domain, causes phorbol ester-triggered redistribution of PKCα to other membranes, such as the Golgi. These data underscore the key role of the C2 domain in driving conventional PKC isozymes to the plasma membrane and reveal that not only the amplitude but also the subcellular location of conventional PKC signaling can be tuned by altering the affinity of this module for membranes.
A miniaturized Orbitron pump for vacuum nanoelectronics (2007)

The principle of the Orbitron pump is described. Its miniaturization is simulated. The application of such an UHV pump is based on the availability of electron sources with good resistance against low vacuum levels.
Stability in metabolic phenotypes and inferred metagenome profiles before the onset of colitis-induced inflammation (2017)

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with altered microbiota composition and metabolism, but it is unclear whether these changes precede inflammation or are the result of it since current studies have mainly focused on changes after the onset of disease. We previously showed differences in mucus gut microbiota composition preceded colitis-induced inflammation and stool microbial differences only became apparent at colitis onset. In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether microbial dysbiosis was associated with differences in both predicted microbial gene content and endogenous metabolite profiles. We examined the functional potential of mucus and stool microbial communities in the mdr1a <sup>-/-</sup> mouse model of colitis and littermate controls using PICRUSt on 16S rRNA sequencing data. Our findings indicate that despite changes in microbial composition, microbial functional pathways were stable before and during the development of mucosal inflammation. LC-MS-based metabolic phenotyping (metabotyping) in urine samples confirmed that metabolite profiles in mdr1a <sup>-/-</sup> mice were remarkably unaffected by development of intestinal inflammation and there were no differences in previously published metabolic markers of IBD. Metabolic profiles did, however, discriminate the colitis-prone mdr1a <sup>-/-</sup> genotype from controls. Our results indicate resilience of the metabolic network irrespective of inflammation. Importantly as metabolites differentiated genotype, genotype-differentiating metabolites could potentially predict IBD risk.
Treatment and outcomes of patients with light chain amyloidosis who received a second line of therapy post autologous stem cell transplantation (2022)

We retrospectively reviewed 292 patients who received a second line of therapy post ASCT for their light chain amyloidosis. Most patients (40%) were treated with an alkylator + PI ± dex or PI ± dex followed by an alkylator + 2nd-gen IMiD ± dex or 2nd-gen IMiD ± dex (26%), an alkylator ± steroid or steroid monotherapy (19%), a 2nd-gen IMiD + PI ± dex (6%), an alkylator + thalidomide ± dex (5%), or daratumumab-based therapy (4%). The rate of CR or VGPR was 70% among the daratumumab-based group, 62% in the alkylator + PI ± dex or PI ± dex group, 55% in the alkylator + 2nd-gen IMiD ± dex or 2nd-gen IMiD ± dex group, 47% in the 2nd-gen IMiD + PI ± dex group, 24% in the alkylator ± steroid or steroid monotherapy group, and 18% in the alkylator + thalidomide ± dex group. The median OS was NR for the 2nd-gen IMiD + PI ± dex group and the daratumumab group, 130.4 months in the alkylator + 2nd-gen IMiD ± dex or 2nd-gen IMiD ± dex group, 100 months for the alkylator + PI ± dex or PI ± dex group, 36 months for the alkylator ± steroid or steroid monotherapy group, and 21 months for the alkylator + thalidomide ± dex group (P < 0.0001). The median OS was 100 months in patients who received melphalan 200 mg/m<sup>2</sup> compared to 41 months in the 140 mg/m<sup>2</sup> group (P < 0.0001). In conclusion, patients receiving novel therapy post ASCT and melphalan conditioning dosing at 200 mg/m<sup>2</sup> at diagnosis had better outcomes.
Electron–Hole Scattering Limited Transport of Dirac Fermions in a Topological Insulator (2021)

We have experimentally investigated the effect of electron temperature on transport in the two-dimensional Dirac surface states of the three-dimensional topological insulator HgTe. We have found that around the minimal conductivity point, where both electrons and holes are present, heating the carriers with a DC current results in a nonmonotonic differential resistance of narrow channels. We have shown that the observed initial increase in resistance can be attributed to electron-hole scattering, while the decrease follows naturally from the change in Fermi energy of the charge carriers. Both effects are governed dominantly by a van Hove singularity in the bulk valence band. The results demonstrate the importance of interband electron-hole scattering in the transport properties of topological insulators.
Strategies to reduce oxidative stress in cardiovascular disease (2004)

A multitude of studies in experimental animals, together with clinical data, provide evidence that increased production of ROS (reactive oxygen species) are involved in the development and progression of cardiovascular disease. As ROS appear to have a critical role in atherosclerosis, there has been considerable interest in identifying the enzyme systems involved and in developing strategies to reduce oxidative stress. Prospective clinical trials with vitamins and hormone replacement therapy have not fulfilled earlier promises, although there is still interest in other dietary supplements. Superoxide dismutase mimetics, thiols, xanthine oxidase and NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitors are currently receiving much interest, while animal studies using gene therapy show promise, but are still at an early stage. Of the drugs in common clinical use, there is evidence that ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitors and AT1 (angiotensin II type 1) receptor blockers have beneficial effects on oxidative stress above their antihypertensive properties, whereas statins, in addition to improving lipid profiles, may also lower oxidative stress.
Surface of articular cartilage: Immunohistological studies (1983)

Using several physical techniques the surface of articular cartilage has been reported to be structurally different from the deeper layers. In this paper using immunohistochemical methods, the surface has been shown to contain a characteristically different collagen, Type I in contrast to Type II which is the major collagen of cartilage. These results support previous proposals for a surface layer, or lamina splendens, the presence of which would be of considerable importance in understanding the degradation of cartilage in arthritides.
Fault Analysis of Microgrids with Inverter Interfaced Resources in Grid-Connected and Islanded Modes (2022)

The increasing penetration of inverter-based generation such as solar, wind and battery energy storage systems (BESS) has an impact on the fault currents in a microgrid. Also, if the microgrid is grid-connected or islanded affects the fault current. As such, it is important to conduct fault analysis of microgrids in grid-connected and islanded modes with different penetration levels of inverter-based generation sources to understand the impact of increasing levels of renewable energy on the fault currents. Different types of faults in a microgrid with inverter-based resources are simulated and the results are discussed and analyzed in this paper.
Highly Contiguous Genome Assemblies of 15 Drosophila Species Generated Using Nanopore Sequencing (2018)

The <i>Drosophila</i> genus is a unique group containing a wide range of species that occupy diverse ecosystems. In addition to the most widely studied species, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>, many other members in this genus also possess a well-developed set of genetic tools. Indeed, high-quality genomes exist for several species within the genus, facilitating studies of the function and evolution of <i>cis</i>-regulatory regions and proteins by allowing comparisons across at least 50 million years of evolution. Yet, the available genomes still fail to capture much of the substantial genetic diversity within the <i>Drosophila</i> genus. We have therefore tested protocols to rapidly and inexpensively sequence and assemble the genome from any Drosophila species using single-molecule sequencing technology from Oxford Nanopore. Here, we use this technology to present highly contiguous genome assemblies of 15 Drosophila species: 10 of the 12 originally sequenced Drosophila species (<i>ananassae</i>, <i>erecta</i>, <i>mojavensis</i>, <i>persimilis</i>, <i>pseudoobscura</i>, <i>sechellia</i>, <i>simulans</i>, <i>virilis</i>, <i>willistoni</i>, and <i>yakuba</i>), four additional species that had previously reported assemblies (<i>biarmipes</i>, <i>bipectinata</i>, <i>eugracilis</i>, and <i>mauritiana</i>), and one novel assembly (<i>triauraria</i>). Genomes were generated from an average of 29x depth-of-coverage data that after assembly resulted in an average contig N50 of 4.4 Mb. Subsequent alignment of contigs from the published reference genomes demonstrates that our assemblies could be used to close over 60% of the gaps present in the currently published reference genomes. Importantly, the materials and reagents cost for each genome was approximately $1,000 (USD). This study demonstrates the power and cost-effectiveness of long-read sequencing for genome assembly in Drosophila and provides a framework for the affordable sequencing and assembly of additional Drosophila genomes.
An experimental method for determining the condensed phase heat of reaction of double-base propellants (1971)

Experimental method for determining condensed phase heat of reaction of deflagrating double-base propellant, defining minimum surface temperature at solid surface without heat feedback