gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression and regulation of β7(βp) integrins on mouse lymphocytes: Relevance to the mucosal immune system (1991)

A mouse lymphocyte surface molecule which is selectively expressed by mucosal T cells and detected with the monoclonal antibody (mAb) M290 has provisionally been identified as a beta 7 integrin. Identification was based on close homology of its beta subunit at the N terminus with the recently reported, highly distinctive, human beta 7 sequence. mAb were prepared against the beta and alpha subunits of the mouse molecule, termed beta 7 and alpha M290, respectively, and used to study surface expression of the two components. beta 7 was present on most lymph node lymphocytes in association with alpha 4 rather than alpha M290. This integrin, beta 7 alpha 4, was shown to be identical to LPAM-1 (beta p alpha 4) the Peyer's patch homing receptor. Stimulation in vitro of mouse lymph node T cells with anti-CD3 in the presence of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta increased beta 7 expression in about 40% of cells and changed the associated alpha chain from alpha 4 to the novel alpha M290 subunit, which, in most cells, was expressed de novo. Immunoprecipitation of beta 7 both from these cells and from intraepithelial lymphocytes gave closely similar results and showed predominance of the beta 7 alpha M290 integrin. It is suggested that in vivo this change in alpha-chain usage occurs in mucosal T cells in response to TGF-beta acting in the mucosal microenvironment and that the new integrin confers particular adhesive properties, possibly homing specificity, on the cells.
A Low-Profile Design of Polarization Rotation Reflective Surface for Wideband RCS Reduction (2019)

A novel compact ultrawideband polarization rotation reflective surface (PRRS) with a high polarization conversion ratio (PCR) is proposed. The 90° polarization rotation (PR) is achieved by employing a PRRS-based diagonally symmetric unit cell including two L-shaped strips with two vias and a centered via-less square patch. The air-based substrate of the structure and its overall dimensions equal to 6 × 6 × 3.3 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> (i.e., <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.128{\boldsymbol{\lambda }_0} \times 0.128{\boldsymbol{\lambda }_0} \times 0.07{\boldsymbol{\lambda }_0}\ $</tex-math></inline-formula> based on the lowest frequency of the band) provide a low-profile PRRS with a considerable reduction in thickness. The PR bandwidth of the proposed PRRS is 111% with a PCR over 90%. This PRRS is also applied for radar cross section reduction (RCSR), which provides a measured 10 dB RCSR in an ultrawide bandwidth of about 114.4% (6.4∼23.5 GHz, covering C-, X-, Ku-, and K-bands). A good agreement between the simulated and measured results and a fair comparison with the state-of-the-art approaches prove the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed design.
Photoinitiated Emulsion Polymerization of P(MMA-co-DVB) Microspheres with Low Power Ultraviolet Light (2011)

Poly (methyl methacrylate-co-divinylbenzene) [P(MMA-co-DVB)] microspheres were first synthesized by a simple photoinitiated emulsion polymerization methods. In this polymerization system, MMA, DVB, AIBN, isopropanol and hexahydrobenzene constituted the oil phase, SDS acted as the stabilizer and an 8 W Ultraviolet lamp was employed as the light source. Under the irradiation of the UV light, AIBN could be decomposed to produce radicals and initiate the polymerization of MMA to produce P(MMA-co-DVB) microspheres.The morphologies and structures of the products were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscope (FTIR),size distribution, scanning electron microscope (SEM). The average diameters of the spheres increased with the content of DVB. The research may provide a quick, green and facile room-temperature approach to prepare polymer microspheres.
Effect of electron correlations on photoemission from narrow-band metals (1979)

Recent angle-resolved photoemission measurements on Cu and Ni suggest the importance of electron correlations not included in band calculations. To study these effects, we have calculated the photoemission spectrum for the single-band, strongly ferromagnetic Hubbard model. A hole in the ↑ band is viewed as a core hole which can hop from site to site. For a strong interaction U, a bound level exists below the ↓ band at the site of the spin ↑ hole. The photoemission spectrum consists of a main line (bound level occupied in final state) and a satellite (bound level unoccupied). The binding energy of the satellite is about U larger than that of the main line. The intensity of the main line is approximately n↓, the fractional occupancy of the spin ↓ band. We identify the spin ↑ band (inferred from experiment) with the peak position of the main line as a function of the momentum k↘ transferred to the solid. The ratio of inferred band width to bare band width is approximately n↓. Since the 3d-bands are filled in Cu, no such band renormalization can occur for it. Strong electron correlations are also responsible for the small exchange splitting in Ni.
Distributed Verification and Hardness of Distributed Approximation (2012)

We study the verification problem in distributed networks, stated as follows. Let $H$ be a subgraph of a network $G$ where each vertex of $G$ knows which edges incident on it are in $H$. We would like to verify whether $H$ has some properties, e.g., if it is a tree or if it is connected (every node knows at the end of the process whether $H$ has the specified property or not). We would like to perform this verification in a decentralized fashion via a distributed algorithm. The time complexity of verification is measured as the number of rounds of distributed communication. In this paper we initiate a systematic study of distributed verification and give almost tight lower bounds on the running time of distributed verification algorithms for many fundamental problems such as connectivity, spanning connected subgraph, and $s$-$t$ cut verification. We then show applications of these results in deriving strong unconditional time lower bounds on the hardness of distributed approximation for many classical optimization problems including minimum spanning tree (MST), shortest paths, and minimum cut. Many of these results are the first nontrivial lower bounds for both exact and approximate distributed computation, and they resolve previous open questions. Moreover, our unconditional lower bound of approximating MST subsumes and improves upon the previous hardness of approximation bound of Elkin [M. Elkin, SIAM J. Comput., 36 (2006), pp. 433--456] as well as the lower bound for (exact) MST computation of Peleg and Rubinovich [D. Peleg and V. Rubinovich, SIAM J. Comput., 30 (2000), pp. 1427--1442]. Our result implies that there can be no distributed approximation algorithm for MST that is significantly faster than the current exact algorithm for any approximation factor. Our lower bound proofs show an interesting connection between communication complexity and distributed computing which turns out to be useful in establishing the time complexity of exact and approximate distributed computation of many problems.
Biomarkers in Sporadic and Familial Alzheimer’s Disease (2015)

Most forms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are sporadic (sAD) or inherited in a non-Mendelian fashion, and less than 1% of cases are autosomal-dominant. Forms of sAD do not exhibit familial aggregation and are characterized by complex genetic and environmental interactions. Recently, the expansion of genomic methodologies, in association with substantially larger combined cohorts, has resulted in various genome-wide association studies that have identified several novel genetic associations of AD. Currently, the most effective methods for establishing the diagnosis of AD are defined by multi-modal pathways, starting with clinical and neuropsychological assessment, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, and brain-imaging procedures, all of which have significant cost- and access-to-care barriers. Consequently, research efforts have focused on the development and validation of non-invasive and generalizable blood-based biomarkers. Among the modalities conceptualized by the systems biology paradigm and utilized in the "exploratory biomarker discovery arena", proteome analysis has received the most attention. However, metabolomics, lipidomics, transcriptomics, and epigenomics have recently become key modalities in the search for AD biomarkers. Interestingly, biomarker changes for familial AD (fAD), in many but not all cases, seem similar to those for sAD. The integration of neurogenetics with systems biology/physiology-based strategies and high-throughput technologies for molecular profiling is expected to help identify the causes, mechanisms, and biomarkers associated with the various forms of AD. Moreover, in order to hypothesize the dynamic trajectories of biomarkers through disease stages and elucidate the mechanisms of biomarker alterations, updated and more sophisticated theoretical models have been proposed for both sAD and fAD.
Insulin worsens ischemia-induced myocardial contracture in the isolated rat heart (1986)

We used a modification of Langendorff's isolated perfused nonworking rat-heart model to study the effects of diabetes, insulin-treated diabetes, and hyperinsulinemia on left ventricular pressure, force of ventricular contraction, and myocardial contracture, before, during, and after 20 min of complete normothermic global ischemia. Untreated diabetic rat hearts behaved the same as normal hearts, but insulin-treated diabetic hearts had more ischemic and postischemic contracture (p less than .01), and less return of left ventricular function. Chronic insulin treatment potentiated ischemic contracture in diabetic and nondiabetic rat hearts. These results support the hypotheses that insulin can increase Ca++ actin-myosin ATPase activity, and increase the affinity of myofibrillar receptors for calcium, which may lead to increased ischemic contracture. Insulin as a risk factor in myocardial ischemia, cardiothoracic surgery and cardiac resuscitation, and other pathogenetic factors of "stone heart" development, deserve further investigation.
El disseny de la navegació en hipertextos informatius (2001)

Discussió dels elements i components d'un sistema de navegació en un hipertext. S'exposen les bases lògiques dels enllaços i de la navegació hipertextual, s'argumenta quina és l'arquitectura bàsica d'un sistema d'informació hipertextual i s'advoca a favor d'un model determinat per a hipertextos amb propòsits informatius.
Preparation of Compound Emulgel of Asiaticoside (2002)

The compound emulgel composed of asiaticoside and metronidazole was prepared. The emulgel had low oil content and was stable at the environmental temperature of -24℃～115℃.
α-Linoleic Acid Enhances the Capacity of α1-Antitrypsin to Inhibit Lipopolysaccharide-Induced IL-1β in Human Blood Neutrophils (2016)

Alpha1-antitrypsin (A1AT, SERPINA1), a major circulating inhibitor of neutrophil elastase (NE) and proteinase-3 (PR3), has been proposed to reduce the processing and release of IL-1β. Since the anti-inflammatory properties of A1AT are influenced by the presence of polyunsaturated fatty acids, we compared effects of fatty acid-free (A1AT-0) and α-linoleic acid bound (A1AT-LA) forms of A1AT on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced synthesis of IL-1β precursor and the release of IL-1β from human blood neutrophils. The presence of A1AT-LA or A1AT-0 significantly reduced LPS induced release of mature IL-1β. However, only A1AT-LA reduced both steady state mRNA levels of IL-1β and the secretion of mature IL-1β. In LPS-stimulated neutrophils, mRNA levels of TLR2/4, NFKBIA, P2RX7, NLRP3, and CASP1 decreased significantly in the presence of A1AT-LA but not A1AT-0. A1AT-0 and A1AT-LA did not inhibit the direct enzymatic activity of caspase-1, but we observed complexes of either form of A1AT with NE and PR3. Consistent with the effect on TLR and IL-1β gene expression, only A1AT-LA inhibited LPS-induced gene expression of NE and PR3. Increased gene expression of PPAR-γ was observed in A1AT-LA treated neutrophils without of LPS stimulation, and the selective PPAR-γ antagonist (GW9662) prevented the reduction in IL-1β by A1AT-LA. We conclude from our data, that the ability of A1AT to reduce TLR and IL-1β gene expression depends on its association with LA. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory properties of A1AT-LA are likely to be mediated by the activation of PPAR-γ.
[High doses of alkylating agents and bone marrow autograft in ovarian cancer with poor prognosis: a retrospective analysis of 40 patients treated in France]. (1990)

Reviewed in this study are 40 patients treated by high-doses of alkylating agents followed by autologous marrow rescue for ovarian cancers. All patients received this therapy after extensive surgery and a median of 6 cycles of CDDP containing regimens (CAP or CHAP). All patients, except 4, who showed evidence of progression, had a second surgical exploration before the high dose chemotherapy. Conditioning regimens consisted of: melphalan at a dosage greater than 140 mg/m2 for all patients; in addition, 2 received Endoxan 120 mg/kg and 1 busulfan 16 mg/kg. Autologous marrow rescue was infused 24 h after the conditioning regimen. Severe, but reversible aplasia and mucositis were the most common toxicities. Three patients died from this procedure, 2 from infection and 1 from secondary leukemia. Twelve out of 15 patients evaluated responded (80%) showing evidence of activity in patients who did not respond to first line chemotherapy. Duration of response was short, especially for patients treated for progressive disease rather than in partial or complete response at the time of high doses chemotherapy. With a median follow up of 23 months (range 8.54) 19 patients survived (15 with non-evolutive disease) leading to a projected survival rate of 39% between 27 months and 5 years. These results are encouraging for poor risk patients who failed to respond to initial chemotherapy. For patients who have small or no residual disease after initial therapy, the place of such intensification should be confirmed prospectively in a larger cohort of patients.
ChemInform Abstract: NITRO AND AMINO DERIVATIVES OF LUCANTHONE AS ANTITUMOR AGENTS (1982)

Abstract Das Chlorid (I) reagiert mit dem Mercaptan (II) zum Thioetlier (III), der nach Cyclisiertlng zum Thioxanthenon (IV) in das Diamin (V) umgewandelt wird.
Polyisoprene-Silica Nanoparticles Synthesized via RAFT Emulsifier-Free Emulsion Polymerization Using Water-Soluble Initiators (2017)

Polyisoprene-silica (PIP-co-RAFT-SiO₂) nanoparticles were prepared via reversible addition⁻fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization using water-soluble initiators, 4,4'-Azobis (4-cyanopentanoic acid) (ACP) and 2,2'-Azobis (2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (V50). The particle size of emulsion prepared using ACP initiator was smaller than that using V50 initiator because the V50 initiator was more active toward decomposition than the ACP initiator. A high monomer conversion (84%), grafting efficiency (83%) and small particle size (38 nm) with narrow size distribution were achieved at optimum condition. The PIP-co-RAFT-SiO₂ nanoparticles exhibited core⁻shell morphology with silica encapsulated with polyisoprene (PIP). The new PIP-SiO₂ nanoparticles could be applied as effective filler in rubber composites that possess good mechanical and thermal properties.
Synthese von nitrogruppenhaltigen copolymeren durch radikalische copolymerisation (1992)

Abstract Radical copolymerization of a nitro group containing azo‐dye monomer ( 1 ) and methyl methacrylate leads to significantly higher polymerization rates and higher molecular weights when dispersion technique is used instead of solution polymerization. The preparation of mechanically stable coatings and free films with good mechanical properties and transparency for electro‐optical investigations is possible by a spin coating technique with the dispersion copolymers. The dye side chains of these copolymers can be poled in an electric field. The orientation of the side chains leads to a change of the light absorption in the dye absorption band. Results of m‐line spectroscopy show that the copolymers possess wave guiding properties.
Dissection of mammalian replicators by a novel plasmid stability assay (2007)

A plasmid, bearing a mammalian replication initiation region (IR) and a matrix attachment region (MAR) was previously shown to be efficiently amplified to high copy number in mammalian cells and to generate chromosomal homogeneously staining regions (HSRs). The amplification mechanism was suggested to entail a head-on collision at the MAR between the transcription machinery and the hypothetical replication fork arriving from the IR, leading to double strand breakage (DSB) that triggered HSR formation. The experiments described here show that such plasmids are stabilized if collisions involving not only promoter-driven transcription but also promoter-independent transcription are avoided, and stable plasmids appeared to persist as submicroscopic episomes. These findings suggest that the IR sequence that promotes HSR generation may correspond to the sequence that supports replication initiation (replicator). Thus, we developed a "plasmid stability assay" that sensitively detects the activity of HSR generation in a test sequence. The assay was used to dissect two replicator regions, derived from the c-myc and DHFR ori-beta loci. Consequently, minimum sequences that efficiently promoted HSR generation were identified. They included several sequence elements, most of which coincided with reported replicator elements. These data and this assay will benefit studies of replication initiation and applications that depend on plasmid amplification.
Current progress and future perspectives for organic/inorganic perovskite solar cells (2014)

The recent emergence of efficient solar cells based on organic/inorganic lead halide perovskite absorbers promises to transform the fields of dye-sensitized, organic, and thin film solar cells. Solution processed photovoltaics incorporating perovskite absorbers have achieved efficiencies of 15% [1] in solid-state device configurations, superseding liquid dye sensitized solar cell (DSC), evaporated and tandem organic solar cells, as well as various thin film photovoltaics; thus establishing perovskite solar cells as a robust candidate for commercialization. Since the first reports in late 2012, interest has soared in the innovative device structures as well as new materials, promising further improvements. However, identifying the basic working mechanisms, which are still being debated, will be crucial to design the optimum device configuration and maximize solar cell efficiencies. Here we distill the current state-of-the-art and highlight the guidelines to ascertain the scientific challenges as well as the requisites to make this technology market-viable.
David procedure through an upper partial sternotomy. (2015)

A 47-year-old female patient presented with congestive heart failure [New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class III]. A coronary angiogram showed calcified coronary arteries without any significant stenosis. Echocardiography showed a tricuspid aortic valve with grade III aortic insufficiency. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the thorax showed an aneurysm of the aortic root and the ascending aorta with a maximum diameter of 60 mm. The aortic arch was not involved.
Massively parallel conformal FDTD on a bluegene supercomputer (2006)

This paper presents modeling and simulation utilizing a parallel conformal finite difference time domain (PFDTD) (Wenhua Yu, 2003) code developed at the Electromagnetic Communication (EMC) Laboratory of Pennsylvania State University on a massively parallel supercomputer. Parallelization, scalability, and application to the modeling of high-end server electrical interconnects is examined.
Observation of SQUID‐Like Behavior in Fiber Laser with Intra‐Cavity Epsilon‐Near‐Zero Effect (2022)

Abstract Establishing relations between fundamental effects in far‐flung areas of physics is a subject of great interest in the current research. Realization of a novel photonic system akin to the radio‐frequency superconducting quantum interference device (RF‐SQUID), in a fiber laser cavity with epsilon‐near‐zero (ENZ) nanolayers as intra‐cavity components is reported here. Emulating the RF‐SQUID scheme, the photonic counterpart of the supercurrent, represented by the optical wave, circulates in the cavity, passing through effective optical potential barriers. Different ENZ wavelengths translate into distinct spectral outputs through the variation of cavity resonances, emulating the situation with a frequency‐varying tank circuit in the RF‐SQUID. Due to the presence of the ENZ element, the optical potential barrier is far lower for selected frequency components, granting them advantage in the gain‐resource competition. The findings reported in this work provide a deeper insight into the ultrafast ENZ photonics, revealing a new path toward the design of nanophotonic on‐chip devices with various operational functions, and offer a new approach to study superconducting and quantum‐mechanical systems.
A foundation for designing deadlock-free routing algorithms in wormhole networks (2002)

This paper provides necessary and sufficient conditions for deadlock-free unicast and multicast routing with the path-based routing model in interconnection networks which use the wormhole switching technique. The theory is developed around three central concepts: channel waiting, false resource cycles, and valid destination sets. The first two concepts are suitable extensions to those developed for unicast routing by two authors of this paper; the third concept has been developed by Lin and Ni. The necessary and sufficient conditions can be applied in a straightforward manner to prove deadlock freedom and to find more adaptive routing algorithms for collective communication. The latter point is illustrated by developing two routing algorithms for multicast communication in 2-D mesh architectures. The first algorithm uses fewer resources (channels) than an algorithm proposed in the literature but achieves the same adaptivity. The second achieves full adaptivity for multicast routing.
Effects of Nonlinear Thermal Radiation and Heat Generation/Absorption on Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Carreau Nanofluid Flow on a Nonlinear Stretching Surface Through a Porous Medium (2022)

The present paper introduces a numerical study on the electromagnetic flow of Carreau nanofluid on a nonlinearly surface that stretches in a porous medium under the influence of heat absorption/generation and nonlinear thermal radiation besides the effects of thermophoresis and Brownian motion on the distributions of velocity, temperature, and nanoparticle concentration. The similarity transformations were used in converting the structure of governing partial differential equations into a structure of an ordinary differential equations that subsequently answered numerically by the Runge-Kutta fourth order technique with shooting technique. Also, graphical forms and numerical tables were used to show the results of all effects of physical coefficients that will be presented later in detail. Finally, some results of the study showed a decline in distributing the concentration and temperature of nanoparticles when reinforcing the values of the Lewis number and Prandtl number.