gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Copper (Cu)–Silica Nanocomposite Containing Valence-Engineered Cu: A New Strategy for Improving the Antimicrobial Efficacy of Cu Biocides (2014)

Copper (Cu) compounds are widely used as antibacterial/antifungal agents for protecting food crops. Prolonged use of Cu biocides would lead to undesirable Cu levels in agricultural soil. In the absence of a suitable alternative, prudent use of Cu biocides is required. This paper reports for the first time a composite material of sol-gel silica host matrix loaded with mixed-valence Cu as an alternative to conventional biocides. In this composite material, Cu is present in different oxidation states. The hydrophilic silica matrix serves as a water-dispersible delivery vehicle for antimicrobial Cu. It is hypothesized that a mixed-valence Cu system, specifically enriched with Cu(0) and Cu(I), will exhibit enhanced antimicrobial efficacy over traditional Cu(II) compounds. Materials were characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy for the determination of particle size, morphology, crystallinity, and Cu oxidation states. Antimicrobial studies against Xanthomonas alfalfae and Escherichia coli (minimum inhibitory concentration) showed improved efficacy in MV-CuSiNG treatment compared to CuSiNG and other controls. Phytotoxicity studies performed (in Vinca sp. and Hamlin orange) under greenhouse conditions showed that the newly prepared nanocomposite is safe for plants, demonstrating potential usefulness of the material in agricultural biocides.
Establishing human leukemia xenograft mouse models by implanting human bone marrow–like scaffold-based niches (2016)

To begin to understand the mechanisms that regulate self-renewal, differentiation, and transformation of human hematopoietic stem cells or to evaluate the efficacy of novel treatment modalities, stem cells need to be studied in their own species-specific microenvironment. By implanting ceramic scaffolds coated with human mesenchymal stromal cells into immune-deficient mice, we were able to mimic the human bone marrow niche. Thus, we have established a human leukemia xenograft mouse model in which a large cohort of patient samples successfully engrafted, which covered all of the important genetic and risk subgroups. We found that by providing a humanized environment, stem cell self-renewal properties were better maintained as determined by serial transplantation assays and genome-wide transcriptome studies, and less clonal drift was observed as determined by exome sequencing. The human leukemia xenograft mouse models that we have established here will serve as an excellent resource for future studies aimed at exploring novel therapeutic approaches.
Self- and Directed-Assembling of Bionanomaterials (2014)

Physics and Chemistry of Bio-Based Plastics, Fibres and Composites Isolation, Purification of Modification of Plant Based Renewable Materials and Nanomaterials Chractaerization Techniques Biomaterials Transformation Processes Biocomposites and Nanocomposites Processing and Manufacturing Technologies Bio- Materials Properties Scale-Up Processes and Applications.
Quantifying interfacial substrate interactions via surface energy analyses (2021)

Determination of a substrate's surface energy profile is a facile and inexpensive method to indicate the substrate's interfacial thermodynamics with another substance (e.g., microorganisms, biomacromolecules, medical devices, etc). The following protocol details a goniometric method to calculate a substrate's surface energy profile which (1) directly correlates to a substrate's interfacial Gibbs energy (ΔG) and (2) predicts the interfacial interactions with other substances. We also provide a calculation template using advanced mathematics to expedite surface energy profile determination. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Cavitt et al. (2020).
Tracheal epithelial permeability to nonelectrolytes: species differences (1993)

We developed a new excised tracheal preparation to measure the epithelial permeability of large lipid-insoluble nonelectrolytes and macromolecules. Tracheae were suspended vertically in a Ringer solution bath, and a solution containing labeled test solutes was positioned in the center of the tracheal segment, away from damaged ends. Permeability coefficients, calculated from solute fluxes into the bath, were constant for > or = 2 h at 37 degrees C, and no histological changes were observed. Measurements after epithelial removal with detergent indicate that in the intact trachea the epithelium represents > 90% of the resistance to transport. For the rat trachea, permeability coefficients for sucrose, inulin, and Dextran 20 were 9.22, 2.20, and 0.214 x 10(-7) cm/s, respectively. Values for cat tracheae were similar, those for rabbit tracheae were lower, and those for guinea pig tracheae were markedly greater. With the assumption of transport by diffusion through thin rectangular slits between epithelial cells, the rat and guinea pig data fit a slit width of 7-8 nm, whereas the rabbit and cat data cannot be explained by a model with slits of a single size.
The embryonic transcription factor Hlxb9 is a menin interacting partner that controls pancreatic β-cell proliferation and the expression of insulin regulators (2013)

The multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) syndrome is caused by germline mutations in the MEN1 gene encoding menin, with tissue-specific tumors of the parathyroids, anterior pituitary, and enteropancreatic endocrine tissues. Also, 30-40% of sporadic pancreatic endocrine tumors show somatic MEN1 gene inactivation. Although menin is expressed in all cell types of the pancreas, mouse models with loss of menin in either pancreatic α-cells, or β-cells, or total pancreas develop β-cell-specific endocrine tumors (insulinomas). Loss of widely expressed tumor suppressor genes may produce tissue-specific tumors by reactivating one or more embryonic-specific differentiation factors. Therefore, we determined the effect of menin overexpression or knockdown on the expression of β-cell differentiation factors in a mouse β-cell line (MIN6). We show that the β-cell differentiation factor Hlxb9 is posttranscriptionally upregulated upon menin knockdown, and it interacts with menin. Hlxb9 reduces cell proliferation and causes apoptosis in the presence of menin, and it regulates genes that modulate insulin level. Thus, upon menin loss or from other causes, dysregulation of Hlxb9 predicts a possible combined mechanism for β-cell proliferation and insulin production in insulinomas. These observations help to understand how a ubiquitously expressed protein such as menin might control tissue-specific tumorigenesis. Also, our findings identify Hlxb9 as an important factor for β-cell proliferation and insulin regulation.
Influence Of Petrophysical And Fluid Properties On Array-Induction Measurements Acquired In The Presence Of Oil-Base Mud-Filtrate Invasion (2007)

This paper quantifies the influence of petrophysical and fluid properties on array-induction resistivity measurements acquired in the presence of oil-base mud (OBM) filtrate invasion. To simulate OBM-filtrate invasion, we consider a simple two-component formulation for the oil phase (OBM and reservoir oil) wherein the components are first-contact miscible. Simulations also include the presence of irreducible, capillary-bound, and movable water. The dynamic process of OBM invasion causes the component concentrations to vary with space and time. In addition, the relative mobility of the oil phase varies during the process of invasion given that oil viscosity and oil density are both dependent on component concentrations. This behavior in turn affects the spatial distribution of electrical resistivity and, consequently, the borehole array-induction measurements. We use an implicit pressure, explicit concentration (IMPEC) reservoir simulator with two-component formation fluids to simulate the invasion process in axisymmetric rock formations penetrated by a vertical well. The invasion rate is volume averaged and depends on both mud and formation properties. Simulations of the process of OBM-filtrate invasion yield twodimensional spatial distributions of water and oil saturation that are transformed into spatial distributions of electrical resistivity using Archie’s or WaxmanSmits’ formulations. Subsequently, we simulate arrayinduction measurements with a numerical modematching method. Simulation of induction measurements in the presence of OBM are compared against the corresponding measurements acquired in the presence of water-base mud (WBM). This helps us to contrast the effect of the two different mud-filtrate invasion processes using field measurements acquired in a deepwater Gulf-of-Mexico reservoir. We perform sensitivity analysis that includes different values of formation porosity-permeability, movable water zone, relative permeability, mud-filtrate invasion rates, and fluid viscosity to quantify the effect of oilbase mud-filtrate invasion on array-induction logs. In addition, we quantify the effect of changes of rock wettability due to OBM invasion on field measurements. The combined simulation of OBMfiltrate invasion and array-induction logs provides reliable estimates of water saturation to improve the assessment of in-place hydrocarbon reserves.
Strand-Specific Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization for Determining Orientation and Direction of DNA Sequences (2003)

An innovative variation of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) allows preparation of single-stranded chromatids for determination of chromosomal orientation and strand direction of DNA sequences (). Standard fluorescent in situ hybridization methods rely on nucleotide base pairing between a labeled probe and the complementary chromosomal target sequence. Both probe and target DNAs must be functionally single-stranded at the start of the procedure. Single-stranded probes can be constructed or prepared, but the chromosomal DNA must be made single-stranded by denaturation. Because both strands are present in both chromatids of each chromosome, even single-stranded probes will hybridize to both chromatids of the target chromosome.
Elastic filaments in situ in cardiac muscle: deep-etch replica analysis in combination with selective removal of actin and myosin filaments. (1993)

To clarify the full picture of the connectin (titin) filament network in situ, we selectively removed actin and myosin filaments from cardiac muscle fibers by gelsolin and potassium acetate treatment, respectively, and observed the residual elastic filament network by deep-etch replica electron microscopy. In the A bands, elastic filaments of uniform diameter (6-7 nm) projecting from the M line ran parallel, and extended into the I bands. At the junction line in the I bands, which may correspond to the N2 line in skeletal muscle, individual elastic filaments branched into two or more thinner strands, which repeatedly joined and branched to reach the Z line. Considering that cardiac muscle lacks nebulin, it is very likely that these elastic filaments were composed predominantly of connectin molecules; indeed, anti-connectin monoclonal antibody specifically stained these elastic filaments. Further, striations of approximately 4 nm, characteristic of isolated connectin molecules, were also observed in the elastic filaments. Taking recent analyses of the structure of isolated connectin molecules into consideration, we concluded that individual connectin molecules stretched between the M and Z lines and that each elastic filament consisted of laterally-associated connectin molecules. Close comparison of these images with the replica images of intact and S1-decorated sarcomeres led us to conclude that, in intact sarcomeres, the elastic filaments were laterally associated with myosin and actin filaments in the A and I bands, respectively. Interestingly, it was shown that the elastic property of connectin filaments was not restricted by their lateral association with actin filaments in intact sarcomeres. Finally, we have proposed a new structural model of the cardiac muscle sarcomere that includes connectin filaments.
In Vitro Intrinsic Permeability: A Transporter-Independent Measure of Caco-2 Cell Permeability in Drug Design and Development (2017)

In vitro permeability data have a central place in absorption risk assessments in drug discovery and development. For compounds where active efflux impacts permeability in vitro, the inherent passive membrane permeability ("intrinsic permeability") gives a concentration-independent measure of the compound's permeability. This work describes the validation of an in vitro intrinsic permeability assay and application of the data in a predictive in silico model. Apparent intrinsic permeability (P<sub>app</sub>) across Caco-2 cell monolayers is determined in the presence of an optimized cocktail of chemical inhibitors toward the three major efflux transporters ABCB1, ABCC2, and ABCG2. The intrinsic P<sub>app</sub> value gives an estimate of passive permeability, which is independent of transporter expression levels and not limited by solubility or cell toxicity. An in silico model has been established to predict the Caco-2 intrinsic permeability and shown to consistently identify highly permeable compounds. The new intrinsic permeability assay is useful for early absorption estimates and suitable for absorption risk assessment in DMPK and pharmaceutical development.
A Null-Zone Decision Feedback Equalizer Incorporating Maximum Likelihood Bit Detection (1975)

A receiver structure is described, for use in pulseamplitude modulation (PAM) data communication systems, which combines null-zone detection and maximum likelihood (ML) processing to improve upon the performance of a conventional decision-feedback equalizer (DFE) while retaining a manageable level of complexity. If the output of the equalizer does not fall in the null zone, the receiver operates as a conventional DFE; however, when the equalizer output falls in the null zone, the decision on that data symbol is deferred one sampling instant and the two most likely signal levels are fed back into the equalizer, generating two competing outputs at the next sampling instant. Applying ML bit detection to this pair of outputs, and optimizing the width of the null zone, improves the effective signal-to-noise ratio of the receiver. Deferring the bit decision beyond one bit interval permits the utilization of additional received samples, and this extended receiver further increases the effective signal-to-noise ratio. The penalty paid for using a null zone, as opposed to performing ML detection on each bit, is at least a 3 dB loss of the usable (by a Viterbi algorithm (VA) receiver) energy contained in the interfering pulse samples.
Cerebral Hemodynamic Response to the Introduction of Desflurane: A Comparison with Sevoflurane (2000)

The introduction of desflurane after the induction of anesthesia leads to significant disturbances in cerebral and systemic hemodynamics suggesting loss of cerebral autoregulation and cerebral hyperemia. This may have implications for patients undergoing anesthesia for intracranial surgery.
A diffuse scattering model for urban propagation prediction (2001)

A novel, simple diffuse scattering model based on a ray approach suitable for urban radio propagation is presented. The scattering model is arranged so that the main parameters, having a precise physical meaning, can be easily tuned using measurement results. The model is tested against 900-MHz measurements and the scattering contribution is shown to be important for both received power and channel dispersion in a typical microcellular case.
Optical and electrical properties of narrow-bandgap infrared W-structure superlattices incorporating AlAs/AlSb/AlAs barrier layers (2016)

Optical and electrical properties of nBn photodetectors using InAs/AlAs/AlSb/AlAs/InAs/InAs0.61Sb0.39W-structure superlattice (W-SL) absorbers are reported. Minority carrier lifetimes of 500 ± 50 ns and 400 ± 30 ns, and Auger coefficients of 2.1 × 10−26 cm6/s and 1.6 × 10−25 cm6/s, for samples with bandgap energies of 5.3 μm (W-SL A) and 7.5 μm (W-SL B) are reported at 100 K, respectively. Shockley–Read–Hall defect states are identified at 65 meV and 45 meV above the W-SL valence band edges for W-SLs A and B, respectively. Dark currents are also reported and compared with diffusion currents calculated using the carrier lifetime data, suggesting low vertical heavy hole diffusivity.
Abstract 13846: Growth Differentiation Factor 15 and Risk of Clinical Bleeding Events in the Atherosclerosis in Communities (ARIC) Study (2020)

Introduction: Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), a cytokine growth factor, is a predictor of bleeding in people with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Potential mechanisms include direct inhibition of platelet activity or as a marker of tissue vulnerability. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that GDF15 will also be associated with bleeding in individuals without a history of CVD. Methods: We studied the association of GDF15 with clinical bleeding events among 9,850 ARIC participants without prior bleeding and CVD at baseline (mean age 60 years, 57% female, 21% black). Serum levels of GDF15 were measured in relative fluorescence units using DNA-based aptamer technology (SOMA scan assay). Bleeding events were ascertained using discharge codes. We examined incidence rates for bleeding using Poisson models, hazard ratios (HRs) of incident bleeding using Cox models, and the improvement in risk prediction of bleeding using the Harrell’s- c statistic with the addition of GDF15 to established predictors in a commonly used bleeding risk score. Results: There were 1,291 hospitalizations with bleeding during a median follow up of 22.1 years through 2018, with the majority (87.8%) being gastrointestinal bleeding. The incidence rate of bleeding per 1,000 person-years was 3.4 in the highest quartile of GDF15 and 1.8 in the lowest quartile. The highest quartile of GDF15 was associated with an adjusted HR of 1.52 (95% CI 1.27-1.81) for total bleeding and 1.55 (1.28-1.88) for gastrointestinal bleeding compared to the lowest quartile. The addition of GDF15 to a validated bleeding risk score improved the c- statistic by 0.030 (0.010-0.50) from 0.640 to 0.669. Conclusions: Higher levels of GDF15 were robustly associated with bleeding hospitalizations and improved risk prediction beyond conventional bleeding risk factors. Our results suggest the etiological contributions of GDF15 to bleeding and its potential usefulness for risk classification of bleeding in individuals without CVD.
Thromboplastin-thrombomodulin-mediated Time and Serum Folate Levels Are Genetically Correlated with the Risk of Thromboembolic Disease: Results from the GAIT Project (2002)

The GAIT (Genetic Analysis of Idiopathic Thrombophilia) Project is a family-based study dedicated to elucidating the genetic basis of hemostasis-related phenotypes and thrombosis risk. In this paper, we have examined several lesser-studied hemostasis-related phenotypes in the 21 GAIT families: levels of vitamin B 12, serum folate, whole blood folate, alpha2-antiplasmin, prekallikrein, beta2-glycoprotein I, soluble P-selectin, factor XIII A and B subunits and a new coagulation measurement based on thromboplastin time in the presence or absence of thrombomodulin. Using the variance component method, we estimated the relative contributions of genetic and environmental influences on these phenotypes. In addition, we calculated the genetic correlations between thrombosis risk and each of these phenotypes. All 12 phenotypes showed significant genetic contributions with genes accounting for 22% to 78% of the variance after correction for covariate effects. Four phenotypes (three traits involving thromboplastin-thrombomodulin mediated coagulation time and serum folate) exhibited significant genetic correlations with thrombosis. Thus, some of the genes that influence quantitative variation in these physiological phenotypes also influence the risk of thrombosis. The high heritabilities and significant genetic correlations between thrombosis and some risk factors suggest that joint consideration of correlated quantitative phenotypes will aid in identifying susceptibility genes.
Health-related quality-of-life outcomes of sirolimus-treated kidney transplant patients after elimination of cyclosporine A: results of a 2-year randomized clinical trial1 (2003)

SRL-based therapy with early elimination of CsA results in fewer appearance-related problems, less fatigue, and better vitality compared with continuous treatment with SRL, CsA, and ST.
A novel myosin I from bovine adrenal gland (1994)

A 3.5 kb cDNA clone was isolated from bovine adrenal gland cDNA library. The clone contained a full-length 3.1 kb open reading frame, encoding a novel myosin I. The deduced amino acid sequence was highly homologous to other known myosin Is in the N-terminal 2 kb region which corresponds to the myosin head domain, while no strong homology was detected in the tail region. The head-tail junction contained the Ca(2+)-independent calmodulin binding consensus sequence, suggesting that the novel myosin I binds calmodulin. This was confirmed by calmodulin overlay which showed the binding of 125I-calmodulin to the recombinant myosin I expressed in E. coli. Northern blots with probes from head and tail regions of this myosin I revealed that this novel myosin I is widely distributed among various tissues.
3D mapping of an interactive synthetic environment (2000)

Traditional geospatial information systems (GIS) use geographically referenced data to produce highly accurate digital maps. These two-dimensional maps include well-recognized symbols that represent features such as mountains, forests, buildings, and transportation networks. Although this flat view provides an excellent means of orienting the user to the general nature and location of the geographic features for a given area, it does not provide the full experiential value that comes from immersion within a 3D environment. The authors, working in conjunction with the University of New Orleans' Computer Science Department, developed a 3D-GIS to assist the US Marine Corps with mission preparation and rehearsal. It also provides on-site awareness during actual field operations in urban areas. Going beyond presenting stereoscopic views of an area or merely applying photo textures to highly simplified geometric shapes, they created an environment that replicates its real-world counterpart by including detailed 3D objects. The article details the design considerations they faced as well as the implementation and structural overview for the entire system.
Improvement in the cold storage of Aphidius ervi (Hymenoptera: Aphidiinae) (2011)

Biological control is beginning to be more commonly used, especially in greenhouses. The inundatory release of insects, especially parasitoids, requires a thorough knowledge of their biology and of mass-rearing techniques. Moreover, to synchronize releases with host presence, the parasitoids have to be kept in cold storage. However, cold storage may lead to a decrease in the viability of the parasitoids, in particular their survival, mobility and sex ratio. The aim of this study was to determine the best temperature at which to keep parasitoid mummies in cold storage. The parasitoid Aphidius ervi Haliday (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) and two of its host aphids, Sitobion avenae and Acyrthosiphon pisum, were used. It is concluded that the mummies can be kept for a maximum of two weeks at 7°C without emergence of adults and for seven weeks at 2°C without emergence or mortality. Moreover, storage of the mummies at 7 or 2°C does not affect fertility. However, parasitoid pupae in A. pisum mummies suffered a higher mortality and took longer to complete their development. The practical implications of these results are discussed.