gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human Vγ9‐Vδ2 cells are stimulated in a crossreactive fashion by a variety of phosphorylated metabolites (1995)

Many different pathogens stimulate cells bearing the V gamma 9-V delta 2 T cell receptor (TCR), which represent the most abundant population of human gamma delta cells. The antigens responsible for the stimulation of these gamma delta cells are not well characterized. Here, we describe six non-peptidic molecules which share this property: isopentenylpyrophosphate, dimethylallylpyrophosphate, 2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid, glycerol-3-phosphoric acid, xylose-1-phosphate, and ribose-1-phosphate. All these molecules are naturally occurring metabolites in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and stimulate freshly isolated gamma delta cells from peripheral blood of different donors as well as established gamma delta clones. Comparison of their structure with that of similar but inactive molecules showed that both the number and position of the phosphate groups, as well as the residues connected with the carbon backbone are required for stimulation. The CD3-TCR complex is involved in cell triggering as shown by inhibition with anti-CD3 Fab fragments. However, all gamma delta clones were broadly cross-reactive and we could not isolate cells specific for only one ligand. The capacity of this frequent subset of gamma delta cells to recognize common bacterial metabolites confers the advantage to react rapidly to different invading pathogens.
Distributed and Multilayer UAV Networks for Next-Generation Wireless Communication and Power Transfer: A Feasibility Study (2019)

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for wireless communications have rapidly grown into a research hotspot as the mass production of high-performance, low-cost, and intelligent UAVs becomes practical. In the meantime, the fifth generation (5G) wireless communication and Internet-of-Things (IoT) technologies are being standardized and planned for global deployment. During this process, UAVs are becoming an important part of 5G and IoT, and expected to play a crucial role in enabling more functional diversity for wireless communications. In this paper, we first present a summary of mainstream UAVs and their use in wireless communications. Then, we propose a hierarchical architecture of UAVs with multilayer and distributed features to facilitate the integration of different UAVs into the next-generation wireless communication networks. Finally, we unveil the design tradeoffs with the consideration of power transfer, wireless communication, and aerodynamic principles. In particular, empirical models and published measurement data are used to analyze power transfer efficiency, and meteorological impacts on UAVs enabled next-generation wireless communications.
Dielectric Properties of Wood-Polymer Composites: Effects of Frequency, Fiber Nature, Proportion, and Chemical Composition (2021)

The characterization of the dielectric properties of wood–polymer composites (WPCs) is essential to understand their interaction with electromagnetic fields and evaluate their potential use for new applications. Thus, dielectric spectroscopy monitored the evolution of the dielectric properties of WPCs over a wide frequency range of 1 MHz to 1 GHz. WPCs were prepared using mixtures of different proportions (40%, 50%, and 60%) of wood and bark fibers from various species, high-density polyethylene, and maleated polyethylene (3%) by a two-step process, extrusion and compression molding. Results indicated that wood fibers modify the resistivity of polyethylene at low frequencies but have no effect at microwave frequencies. Increasing the fiber content increases the composites’ dielectric properties. The fibers’ cellulose content explains the variation in the dielectric properties of composites reinforced with fibers from different wood species. Indeed, composites with high cellulose content show higher dielectric constants.
Anwendung der Hintergrund-orientierten Schlieren-Anemometrie im Windkanal (2011)

Bei aerodynamischen Untersuchungen ist die Ermittlung der Strömungsgeschwindigkeit von zentraler Bedeutung. Dabei ist oftmals nicht nur die Anströmgeschwindigkeit sondern auch die lokale Geschwindigkeitsverteilung sehr wichtig. In der Vergangenheit wurden diverse Verfahren entwickelt um Strömungsgeschwindigkeiten sowohl intrusiv als auch nicht-intrusiv zu messen. Die neuartige Hintergrund-orientierte Schlieren-Anemometrie (engl. Density Tagging Velocimetry, DTV) bietet dafür eine weitere optische nicht-intrusive Möglichkeit. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die erstmalige Anwendung dieser Messmethode in einem Freistrahl im Windkanal, wobei die Auswertung neben der herkömmlichen Art auf eine neue Weise durchgeführt wird.
Directional Sensitivity of Single Event Upsets in 90 nm CMOS Due to Charge Sharing (2007)

Heavy-ion testing of a radiation-hardened-by-design (RHBD) 90 nm dual interlocked cell (DICE latch) shows significant directional sensitivity results impacting observed cross-section and LET thresholds. 3-D TCAD simulations show this directional effect is due to charge sharing and parasitic bipolar effects due to n-well potential collapse.
Management of Adult Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (2005)

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is a common hematologic disorder manifested by immune-mediated thrombocytopenia. The diagnosis remains one of exclusion, after other thrombocytopenic disorders are ruled out based on history, physical examination, and laboratory evaluation. The goal of treatment is to raise the platelet count into a hemostatically safe range. The disorder is usually chronic, although there is considerable variation in the clinical course and most patients eventually attain safe platelet counts off treatment. However, a subset of patients has severe disease refractory to all treatment modalities, which is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. This article focuses on the management of primary ITP in adults. We discuss criteria for treatment, the roles of splenectomy and other treatment options along with their side effects, and the management of ITP during pregnancy.
NOTES Performed Using Multiple Ports of Entry: Current Experience and Potential Implications for Urologic Applications (2009)

An isolated transgastric port raises serious limitations in performing natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) complex procedures in the urology field. In an attempt to overcome these limitations, several solutions has been advanced, such as the hybrid approach (adding a single abdominal port access) or the pure NOTES combined approach (joining multiple natural orifice ports). To review the current state of experimental and clinical results of multiple ports in NOTES, a literature search of PubMed was performed, seeking publications from January 2002 to 2008 on NOTES. In addition, we looked at pertinent abstracts of annual meetings of the American Urological Association, the European Association of Urology, and the World Congress of Endourology from 2007. Multiple ports of entry seem to be necessary, mainly for moderately complex procedures. Thus, we could find studies using the hybrid approach (combination of transgastric or transvaginal access with a single transabdominal port), or using the pure NOTES combined approach (transgastric and transvesical, transvaginal and transcolonic, or transgastric and transvaginal). There is still limited experience in humans using these approaches, and no comparative studies exist to date. It is predictable that for moderately complex procedures, we will need multiple ports, so the transvaginal-transabdominal (hybrid) approach is the most appealing, whereas in a pure NOTES perspective, the transgastric-transvesical approach seems to be the preferred approach. We are waiting for new equipment and instruments that are more appropriate for these novel techniques.
A novel methodology to study antimicrobial properties of high-touch surfaces used for indoor hygiene applications—A study on Cu metal (2021)

Metal-based high-touch surfaces used for indoor applications such as doorknobs, light switches, handles and desks need to remain their antimicrobial properties even when tarnished or degraded. A novel laboratory methodology of relevance for indoor atmospheric conditions and fingerprint contact has therefore been elaborated for combined studies of both tarnishing/corrosion and antimicrobial properties of such high-touch surfaces. Cu metal was used as a benchmark material. The protocol includes pre-tarnishing/corrosion of the high touch surface for different time periods in a climatic chamber at repeated dry/wet conditions and artificial sweat deposition followed by the introduction of bacteria onto the surfaces via artificial sweat droplets. This methodology provides a more realistic and reproducible approach compared with other reported procedures to determine the antimicrobial efficiency of high-touch surfaces. It provides further a possibility to link the antimicrobial characteristics to physical and chemical properties such as surface composition, chemical reactivity, tarnishing/corrosion, surface roughness and surface wettability. The results elucidate that bacteria interactions as well as differences in extent of tarnishing can alter the physical properties (e.g. surface wettability, surface roughness) as well as the extent of metal release. The results clearly elucidate the importance to consider changes in chemical and physical properties of indoor hygiene surfaces when assessing their antimicrobial properties.
Synthesis and validation of a probe to identify quorum sensing receptors (2009)

The synthesis and evaluation of a 'tag-free' probe to isolate and identify receptors for N-acyl homoserine lactones is described.
Worldwide prevalence of lentivirus infection in wild feline species: epidemiologic and phylogenetic aspects (1992)

The natural occurrence of lentiviruses closely related to feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) in nondomestic felid species is shown here to be worldwide. Cross-reactive antibodies to FIV were common in several free-ranging populations of large cats, including East African lions and cheetahs of the Serengeti ecosystem and in puma (also called cougar or mountain lion) populations throughout North America. Infectious puma lentivirus (PLV) was isolated from several Florida panthers, a severely endangered relict puma subspecies inhabiting the Big Cypress Swamp and Everglades ecosystems in southern Florida. Phylogenetic analysis of PLV genomic sequences from disparate geographic isolates revealed appreciable divergence from domestic cat FIV sequences as well as between PLV sequences found in different North American locales. The level of sequence divergence between PLV and FIV was greater than the level of divergence between human and certain simian immunodeficiency viruses, suggesting that the transmission of FIV between feline species is infrequent and parallels in time the emergence of HIV from simian ancestors.
Continuous monitoring of interface pressure distribution in intensive care patients for pressure ulcer prevention (2009)

Continuous monitoring of the intensity and duration of whole-body interface pressure using the KINOTEX sensor is feasible in intensive care patients.
Cell-Free DNA Analysis of Epithelial Growth Factor Receptor Mutations in Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients by Droplet Digital PCR (2019)

Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) analysis may provide a non-invasive diagnostic approach for lung adenocarcinoma patients. Recently, droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) has been developed as a highly sensitive detection method for a low mutant allele percentage. The ddPCR detection limit for epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations was evaluated using cell lines, NCI-H1975 for EGFR L858R point mutation and PC-9 for EGFR E746-A750del. Subsequently, detection of EGFR mutations by ddPCR was performed in tumor DNA (tDNA) and cfDNA samples of 19 lung adenocarcinoma patients whose tumor biopsies were already evaluated for EGFR mutations by clamp PCR (13 of L858R, 3 of E746-750del, and 3 of EGFR negative). In 12 cases, immunohistochemical analysis was performed to quantify the number of EGFR L858R-positive cells rate. EGFR point mutation or deletion were detected in 16 tumor DNA samples. In the measurable cfDNA samples, the rate of detection by ddPCR in cfDNA was 61.5% (8/13) for L858R and 100% (3/3) for E746-A750del. A relative correlation was found between the allele fraction (AF) of tDNA and the number of EGFR L858R-positive cells rate. No correlation was found between the AF of tDNA and AF of cfDNA. In our study, cfDNA mutation detection was not associated with clinicopathological features, but cases with high AF of cfDNA did have metastatic lesions. Our study shows that ddPCR enables cfDNA analysis for EGFR L858R and E746-A750del, with a high detection rate. Therefore, cfDNA analysis using ddPCR may complement to tumor biopsy and is beneficial for precision medicine in lung adenocarcinoma patients.
Noise variance due to stimulated Raman scattering among channels of a wavelength-division-multiplexed system (2003)

We calculate the noise variance created by stimulated Raman scattering between signal channels of a wavelength-division-multiplexed system, accounting for group velocity dispersion. The results show that the noise variance is significantly reduced in the presence of dispersion. When average dispersion is zero, we see the noise variance scale quadratically with distance, while nonzero average dispersion yields linear growth with distance.
Switching the Properties of Polyelectrolyte Brushes via “Hydrophobic Collapse” (2005)

We have studied the changes in physical and chemical properties of cationic poly(2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyltrimethylammonium chloride) brushes after collapse driven by ion-pairing interactions in the presence of ClO4- anions. Results derived from the quartz crystal microbalance technique, atomic force microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and contact angle goniometry indicate that ion-paired collapsed polyelectrolyte brushes suffer a dramatic loss of water accompanied by conformational changes leading to markedly different mechanical properties. This scenario is completely different from polyelectrolyte brushes whose collapse is simply driven by pure Coulombic screening, for example, in the presence of Cl- anions. In addition, wetting measurements indicated that ion-pairing interactions can be used to switch surface characteristics from hydrophilic to hydrophobic in a reversible manner. The immediate implications of these experimental results are related to the promising use of polyelectrolyte brushes as biolubricants and the design of “smart” surfaces exhibiting ion-sensitive reversible changes in interfacial properties.
Serum Ferritin Levels Are Lower in Children With Tic Disorders Compared with Children Without Tics: A Cross-Sectional Study (2016)

Our findings suggest that body iron stores may be reduced in children with recent-onset tic disorder.
250-Å linewidths with PMMA electron resist (1978)

25-nm-wide lines and spaces have been fabricated in 22.5-nm-thick films of PdAu (40 : 60) using electron-beam exposure and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) resist. A high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) was used to expose the resist and the samples were mounted on 60-nm-thick Si3N4 membrane substrates. Previously, the smallest metal structures formed with a resist process were 60 nm wide with spaces between the lines several times larger than the lines. The results presented here show that 25-nm lines can be fabricated with a center to center spacing of 50 nm.
Influence of ribose, adenosine, and "AICAR" on the rate of myocardial adenosine triphosphate synthesis during reperfusion after coronary artery occlusion in the dog. (1985)

Recovery of adenosine triphosphate after myocardial ischemia is limited by the slow adenine nucleotide de novo synthesis and the availability of precursors of the nucleotide salvage pathways. We determined the adenine nucleotide de novo synthesis in the dog by infusion of [14C]glycine and the acceleration of adenine nucleotide built up by intracoronary infusion of ribose together with [14C]glycine or radiolabeled 5-amino-4-imidazolcarboxamide riboside or adenosine in the same animal model and with the same dosage of substrates (9 mmol) in postischemic and nonischemic myocardial tissue. After 45 minutes of occlusion of a side branch of the left coronary artery, the ischemic area was reperfused for 3 hours, and needle biopsies were taken for biochemical analysis. Adenine nucleotide de novo synthesis was found to be very slow (1.5 nmol/g wet weight per hour). The rate was doubled after ischemia. Adenine nucleotide synthesis was accelerated 5-fold by ribose, the basic substrate of the adenine nucleotide de novo synthesis, 9-fold by 5-amino-4-imidazolcarboxamide riboside, an intermediate of the adenine nucleotide de novo synthesis and 90-fold by adenosine, a substrate of the nucleotide salvage pathway. Therefore, only adenosine infusion resulted in a measurable increase of adenosine triphosphate levels after 3 hours of reperfusion, but over a longer time period, ribose or 5-amino-4-imidazol-carboxamide riboside also can be expected to replenish reduced myocardial adenosine triphosphate faster than adenine nucleotide de novo synthesis. Studies with radiolabeled 5-amino-4-imidazol-carboxamide riboside showed significant incorporation of radioactivity into 5-amino-4-imidazol-carboxamide ribose triphosphate which had also risen measurably during 5-amino-4-imidazol-carboxamide ribose infusion, and which is not normally found in heart muscle.
Hapten-induced structural changes in rabbit immunoglobulin G with specifically mercuriated inter-heavy-chain disulfide (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHapten-induced structural changes in rabbit immunoglobulin G with specifically mercuriated inter-heavy-chain disulfideS. Vuk-Pavlovic, D. E. Isenman, G. A. Elgavish, A. Gafni, A. Licht, and I. PechtCite this: Biochemistry 1979, 18, 7, 1125–1129Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00574a001https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00574a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views28Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Circulating tumor DNA analysis in advanced urothelial carcinoma: insights from biological analysis and extended clinical follow-up (2023)

Abstract Purpose To investigate whether circulating-tumor DNA (ctDNA) assessment in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer predicts treatment response and provides early detection of metastatic disease. Experimental Design We present full follow-up results (median follow-up: 68 months) from a previously described cohort of 68 neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC)-treated patients who underwent longitudinal ctDNA testing (712 plasma samples). In addition, we performed ctDNA evaluation of 153 plasma samples collected before and after radical cystectomy (RC) in a separate cohort of 102 NAC-naïve patients (median follow-up: 72 months). Total RNA-sequencing of tumors was performed to investigate biological characteristics of ctDNA shedding tumors. Results Assessment of ctDNA after RC identified metastatic relapse with a sensitivity of 94% and specificity of 98% using the expanded follow-up data for the NAC-treated patients. ctDNA dynamics during NAC was independently associated with patient outcomes when adjusted for pathological downstaging (HR=4.7, p =0.029). For the NAC-naïve patients, ctDNA was a prognostic predictor before (HR=3.4, p =0.0005) and after RC (HR=17.8, p =0.0002). No statistically significant difference in recurrence-free survival for patients without detectable ctDNA at diagnosis was observed between the cohorts. Baseline ctDNA positivity was associated with the Ba/Sq subtype and enrichment of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and cell-cycle associated gene sets. Conclusions ctDNA is prognostic in NAC-treated and NAC-naïve patients with more than five years follow-up and outperforms pathological downstaging in predicting treatment efficacy. Patients without detectable ctDNA at diagnosis may benefit significantly less from NAC, but additional studies are needed.
Modulated Luminescent Tomography (2014)

We propose and analyze a mathematical model of Modulated Luminescent Tomography. We show that when single X-rays or focused X-rays are used as an excitation, the problem is similar to the inversion of weighted X-ray transforms. In particular, we give an explicit inversion in the case of Dual Cone X-ray excitation.
Separate Mechanisms of Deformability Loss in ATP-depleted and Ca-loaded Erythrocytes (1981)

Membrane rigidity has been widely accepted as the dominant cause of reduced deformability both of ATP-depleted erythrocytes and erythrocytes containing excess calcium (Ca). However, recent studies have shown normal membrane deformability in ATP-depleted erythrocytes. In addition, Ca accumulation causes massive ion and water loss, and it has been shown that extensive dehydration causes an increase in intracellular viscosity with attendant loss of whole cell deformability. To obtain a detailed understanding of the processes accompanying ATP depletion and/or Ca accumulation that limit cell deformability, we have used a viscodiffractometric method to identify the cellular factors contributing to reduced whole cell deformability. Analysis of the influence of the suspending medium osmolality on deformability showed the presence of two independent processes. One was a Ca-independent reduction in cell surface area/volume ratio, resulting from the spheroechinocyte formation that follows total ATP consumption. The other was a Ca-dependent increase in intracellular viscosity resulting from a Ca-induced loss of intracellular potassium and water. This deformability loss due to increased intracellular viscosity was found for cells depleted of ATP in the presence of Ca and in cells treated with Ca and A23187 without prior depletion. Ionophore-treated cells at high Ca concentration (>500 muM) formed spheroechinocytes with reduced surface area and a further loss of whole cell deformability. The rate of deformability loss associated with Ca-induced spheroechinocytosis was much more rapid than that associated with ATP-depletion-induced spheroechinocytosis, suggesting different mechanisms for the morphologic changes. No major effects of altered membrane elasticity on the reduced deformability of either ATP-depleted or Ca-loaded cells were observed.
Fluorescence properties of indocyanine green as related to angiography (1978)

The fluorescence spectrum was measured as a function of dye concentration in human whole blood and a few other common solvents in order to determine what fluorescence properties are unique to indocyanine green in blood.