gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ipsilateral Retinofugal Projections in a Percomorph Bony Fish: Their Experimental Induction, Specificity and Maintenance; pp. 279–285 (1990)

Adult bony fish possess only a small ipsilateral retinofugal projection, if any. Experimental manipulation, such as unilateral enucleation, can lead to an enhancement of this projection. We examined the patterns of, as well as the conditions for the development and maintenance of an enhanced ipsilateral retinofugal projection (EIRP) after nerve crush, after enucleation, and after various combinations of both types of surgery in juvenile and adult Haplochromis burtoni (Cichlidae). Retinal projections were labeled either unilaterally with horseradish perixodase, or with the lipophilic fluorescent dye DiI in aldehyde-fixed animals, or bilaterally with differently colored fluorescent dextran amines. Unilateral nerve crush always leads to the regeneration of retinofugal fibers to the contralateral tectum but spares some contralateral diencephalic nuclei. In addition, unilateral or bilateral nerve crush in many cases, and unilateral enucleation in some cases, leads to the development of an EIRP to the ipsilateral diencephalon and tectum. This EIRP persists (4 months and longer postoperatively) in only 10% of the unilaterally enucleated animals, in none of the animals subjected to unilateral nerve crush and in 79% of the animals subjected to bilateral nerve crush. All unilaterally enucleated animals in which the remaining, contralateral optic nerve was crushed develop and maintain an EIRP. These data suggest that nerve crush alone is sufficient to cause regenerating fibers to project, at least transiently, to the ipsilateral side of the brain. When the normal contralateral projection is either absent or in the process of regeneration, an EIRP can be maintained. In the latter case, alternate bands or patches of ipsi- and contralateral fibers in the tectum may result. Ipsilateral fibers follow unusual pathways by recrossing at the rostral diencephalon. Likewise, regenerating contralateral retinal fibers grow differently in this area; here, where the optic-nerve projection is reorganized into the optic tract, many regenerating fibers are deflected to the ipsilateral side of the brain. Despite atypical routes taken by some fibers, the EIRP nevertheless ends only in specific retinorecipient areas. An EIRP develops independently of the age of the animal, independently of the time lapse between enucleation and nerve lesion, and independently of persisting debris. However, in animals receiving an optic nerve lesion a long time after unilateral enucleation, the size of the EIRP and its tectal extent are reduced compared to that in animals enucleated around the same time as receiving the crush of the contralateral optic nerve.
Isolation of the Furan Fatty Acid, (8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3,6-Epoxyeicos-3,5,8,11,14,17-hexenoic Acid from the New Zealand Sponge Hymeniacidon hauraki (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIsolation of the Furan Fatty Acid, (8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-3,6-Epoxyeicos-3,5,8,11,14,17-hexenoic Acid from the New Zealand Sponge Hymeniacidon haurakiMichèle R. Prinsep, John W. Blunt, and Murray H. G. MunroCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1994, 57, 11, 1557–1559Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 November 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/np50113a014RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views144Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (227 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Mesenchymal stem cells alleviate airway inflammation and emphysema in COPD through down-regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 via p38 and ERK MAPK pathways (2015)

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been identified as one possible strategy for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Our previous studies have demonstrated that MSC administration has therapeutic potential in airway inflammation and emphysema via a paracrine mechanism. We proposed that MSCs reverse the inflammatory process and restore impaired lung function through their interaction with macrophages. In our study, the rats were exposed to cigarette smoke (CS), followed by the administration of MSCs into the lungs for 5 weeks. Here we show that MSC administration alleviated airway inflammation and emphysema through the down-regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and COX-2-mediated prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production, possibly through the effect on alveolar macrophages. In vitro co-culture experiments provided evidence that MSCs down-regulated COX-2/PGE2 in macrophages through inhibition of the activation-associated phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and ERK. Our data suggest that MSCs may relieve airway inflammation and emphysema in CS-exposed rat models, through the inhibition of COX-2/PGE2 in alveolar macrophages, mediated in part by the p38 MAPK and ERK pathways. This study provides a compelling mechanism for MSC treatment in COPD, in addition to its paracrine mechanism.
Magnetic Fluids and Applications Handbook (1996)

The objective of this handbook is to provide a working guide to magnetic fluids. In the handbook, the concepts and basic principles have been explained in a simple manner, but the significance fully described; and sufficient examples are presented in regard to the use of the theory in practical situations. The liquid and magnetic phenomena, the core of magnetic fluid technology, are described in an easy-to-understand format. The fundamental characteristics of magnetic fluids along with measurement techniques are discussed. The design and operational principles of magnetic fluid devices are explained in detail with a view towards assisting the user with an in-depth understanding of the technology. The handbook is user-friendly. Magnetic fluids and related topics are presented in such a manner that the engineer quickly learns about this field and becomes efficient in the use of the technology. Students and academics should also find the book to be valuable because of its basic nature and broad subject matter. <br><br><br><br>831 pages, <big> &#169; 1996</big><br>
60 mm diameter Lu/sub 0.4/Gd/sub 1.6/SiO/sub 5/: Ce (LGSO) single crystals and their improved scintillation properties (2006)

We developed Lu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.4</sub> Gd <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1.6</sub> SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> (LGSO) crystal as a new scintillator for medical imaging applications. The size of the LGSO ingot obtained for this investigation was approximately 60 mm in diameter and 170 mm in length. The as-grown crystal was yellow in color. To eliminate the tint, the crystal was annealed in pure N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> atmosphere after the growth. As a result, the LGSO became colorless with uniform and large light output which is about 2.0 times that of GSO
Outlier Detection for Improved Data Quality and Diversity in Dialog Systems (2019)

Stefan Larson, Anish Mahendran, Andrew Lee, Jonathan K. Kummerfeld, Parker Hill, Michael A. Laurenzano, Johann Hauswald, Lingjia Tang, Jason Mars. Proceedings of the 2019 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 1 (Long and Short Papers). 2019.
2P1-I01 A proposal of a Robot FOR a Pet (2008)

We propose a robot FOR a pet, not for an owner. Our ultimate goal is to develop a robot that contributes to create and maintain better relation between the pet and the owner while keeping good pet's health condition. In this paper, we propose the robot for the pet and discuss current situation of pet industry. We investigate literatures in the context of animal robot interaction and we discuss a possibility to create a new home robot market. Finally, we show an initial example of ongoing interaction experiment using a tele-operated robot with the dog.
Mixed Connective Tissue Disease with Cecal Volvulus and Secondary Ileal Volvulus (2017)

膠原病は結合組織の障害による消化管の運動異常により，しばしば消化管病変を合併する．症例は60歳の女性で，17年前に混合性結合組織病（mixed connective tissue disease；以下，MCTDと略記）の診断を受け，以後当院膠原病内科で加療を行っていた．腹痛を主訴に来院され，盲腸軸捻転症と診断し緊急手術を施行した．回結腸動脈を軸に360°捻転していたため，捻転解除術と盲腸固定術を行った．退院後の術後37日目に腹痛を来し，腹部CTで腸管捻転の所見を認めたため，緊急手術を施行した．捻転は解除されたが広範囲の回腸の拡張を認め，減圧処置後に腸管を切除する方針とした．初回手術から51日目に再々手術を行い，拡張し蠕動低下を認めた回腸を30 cm切除した．病理検査で固有筋層の萎縮を認めた．限局した固有筋層の萎縮が限局性の蠕動低下，腸管内容物の停滞を起こし，軸捻転症が発症したものと推測した．MCTDに腸管軸捻転症の合併を認めた報告例はなく，病理所見も合わせて報告する．
Los secretos del genoma (2001)

El genoma es la tabla peridica de la biologa sobre la cual vamos a conocer cmo funcionamos, qu riesgos tenemos para desarrollar enfermedades y cmo desarrollar las herramientas teraputicas para combatirlas.Tal como expone el autor en este artculo, la medicina es la disciplina que va a obtener los principales avances y las principales ventajas del desciframiento del genoma.The genome is a periodical table of biology that will inform us on how our bodies work, what are chances we have to develop certain illnesses and how to develop therapeutic tools to fight them.As the author describes, medicine is the discipline that will benefit from new and core advances resulting from deciphering the genome.
Evidence of Negative Capacitance in Piezoelectric ZnO Thin Films Sputtered on Interdigital Electrodes (2015)

The scaling paradigm known as Moore's Law, with the shrinking of transistors and their doubling on a chip every two years, is going to reach a painful end. Another less-known paradigm, the so-called Koomey's Law, stating that the computing efficiency doubles every 1.57 years, poses other important challenges, since the efficiency of rechargeable energy sources is substantially constant, and any other evolution is based on device architecture only. How can we still increase the computational power/reduce the power consumption of our electronic environments? A first answer to this question comes from the quest for new functionalities. Within this aim, negative capacitance (NC) is becoming one of the most intriguing and studied phenomena since it can be exploited for reducing the aforementioned limiting effects in the downscaling of electronic devices. Here we report the evidence of negative capacitance in 80 nm thick ZnO thin films sputtered on Au interdigital electrodes (IDEs). Highly (002)-oriented ZnO thin films, with a fine-grained surface nanostructure and the desired chemical composition, are deposited at room temperature on different IDEs structures. Direct-current electrical measurements highlighted the semiconducting nature of ZnO (current density in the order of 1 × 10(-3) A/cm(2)). When turned into the alternating current regime (from 20 Hz to 2 MHz) the presence of NC values is observed in the low-frequency range (20-120 Hz). The loss of metal/semiconductor interface charge states under forward bias conditions, together with the presence of oxygen vacancies and piezoelectric/electrostriction effects, is believed to be at the basis of the observed negative behavior, suggesting that ZnO thin-film-based field-effect transistors can be a powerful instrument to go beyond the Boltzmann limit and the downscaling of integrated circuit elements required for the fabrication of portable and miniaturized electronic devices, especially for electric household appliances working in the low 50 Hz utility frequency.
Epitaxial relations in group-IIa fluoride/Si(111) heterostructures (1983)

CaF2, SrF2, BaF2, and mixed (Ca,Sr)F2 films have been grown epitaxially on Si (111) substrates by vacuum evaporation. The epitaxial relation between these fluoride films and the substrates has been investigated by ion channeling analysis. Both the CaF2 and SrF2 films prefer to have orientations rotated 180° about the normal to the substrate surface. In contrast, the vast majority of (Ca,Sr)F2 films have orientations identical to those of the substrate, and the BaF2 film is composed of a mixture of the two. Analysis was also made on a Si/CaF2/Si(111) double heterostructure, which showed that the top Si film is again rotated 180° about the normal to the underlying CaF2 surface.
The Interplay of Lateral and Tiered Interactions in Stratified Self-Organized Molecular Assemblies (1999)

Hybrid self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) containing well-defined strata of different polarity enable insight into how fundamental interactions lead to higher order structure and may provide useful analogies for self-assembled multilayers, new hybrid materials, and functional biological interfaces. We report amide-containing alkanethiol SAMs with internal polar sublayers that are two amide groups thick and nonpolar overlayers comprising either dodecyl or hexadecyl chains. The assemblies have been characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), contact angle goniometry, and external reflective infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ERS). XPS demonstrates the SAMs are of monolayer thickness, chemisorbed to the gold substrate, and anisotropically oriented. Contact angle data show the methyl surface for n = 16 is highly ordered, but the surface for n = 12 is less well ordered. FTIR-ERS reveals that the alkyl chains for n = 16 are close packed, but that those for n = 12 are disordered. FTIR-ERS also shows that, although the two-amide sublayers are compositionally identical, they are well ordered and assume polyglycine-II-like conformations for n = 16, but they are poorly ordered for n = 12. Comparison of these two SAMs to each other in the context of previously reported one- and three-amide SAMs leads to two conclusions. (1) The threshold n for alkyl chain length ordering in two-amide SAMs is 12 ≤ n ≤ 16. Thus, in SAMs with internal amide sublayers both one and two amide groups thick, the threshold number of methylenes required to form ordered alkyl regions is significantly increased compared to alkanethiol SAMs, demonstrating destructive interference of the amide region with the hydrocarbon ordering process. (2) In two-amide SAMs the formation of a well-ordered amide region depends on the ordering of an overlying hydrocarbon region. This behavior differs with that previously demonstrated for one- and three-amide SAMs, in which the amide groups assume characteristic conformations regardless of hydrocarbon region thickness and order. For two-amide SAMs, the apparent dependence of amide ordering on complementary ordering in the alkyl region provides evidence of an energetic interplay between the two sublayers, manifested as a “reverse ordering” effect. The previously unobserved elastic−elastic character of the buried interface in two-amide SAMs is contrasted with the rigid−elastic interface found in the one-amide SAMs.
Experimentation and study of an electric scooter assisted by supercapacitors (2007)

Electric vehicles are mainly fed directly from batteries, where the high power solicitation represents a well-known problem with its relation to efficiency and life cycle of batteries. The paper presents experimentation and study of a solution with power assistance with supercapacitors where the design is based on recognized specific power requirements recorded on given tracks in the city of Lausanne.
The Impact of RON on SI Engine Thermal Efficiency (2007)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Recently, global warming and energy security have received significant attention. Thus an improvement of the vehicle fuel economy is strongly required. For engines, one effective way is to improve the engine thermal efficiency.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Raising compression ratio [&lt;span class="xref"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;] or turbo charging technologies have potential to achieve high thermal efficiency. However knock does not allow the high thermal efficiency. Knock depends on the fuel composition and the pressure and temperature history of unburnt end-gas [&lt;span class="xref"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;-&lt;span class="xref"&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;]. For fuels, RON is well known for describing the anti knock quality. High RON fuels have high anti knock quality and result in higher thermal efficiency.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper investigates the impact of high RON fuels on the thermal efficiency by using high compression ratio engine, turbo charged engine, and lean boosted engine [&lt;span class="xref"&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;]. Finally, it is shown that the high thermal efficiency can be approached with high RON gasoline and ethanol.&lt;/div&gt;
7th Drug hypersensitivity meeting: part two (2016)

Background: Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) are commonly used for the treatment of acid-related disorders. They are generally well tolerated, with a low incidence of adverse effects (1 %). Omeprazole is the most common PPIs used and its intake has tripled from 2003 to 2012 in Spain. Although hypersensitivity reactions to PPIs are rare, they are being more reported in recent years maybe due to the growing use of these drugs. The aim of this study was to review our experience with the use of PPIs in the last 16 years.
A flow cytometric method for characterization of circulating cell‐derived microparticles in plasma (2014)

We have established a method to measure MPs above the detection limit of a new generation flow cytometer and derived from a number of cell-types in a healthy population of men and women.
Untersuchungen an Cyclopropanverbindungen, VIII1). Solvolysereaktionen acyclischer Homoallyl‐Verbindungen (1965)

Abstract Homoallylhalogenide sowie ‐tosylate der Struktur 1 werden in verschiedenen Lösungsmitteln solvolysiert und die dabei entstehenden Reaktionsprodukte (Tabb. 1—3) ermittelt. Die Solvolysegeschwindigkeiten von substituierten Homoallyl‐β‐naphthylsulfonaten in absol. Äthanol und in Eisessig werden gemessen (Tab. 4).
Oblique coordinate control for advanced motion control - Applied to micro-macro bilateral control - (2009)

A controller for oblique coordinates is proposed in this paper. In an oblique coordinate, certain vector is expressed by two forms. One is a covariant vector, the other is contravariant vector. Usually, position is described by a contravariant vector, and force is given by a covariant vector. In order to realize hybrid control in a oblique coordinate, position and force should be unified into same vectors. These vectors are synthesized by a metric tensor, and a novel hybrid controller for oblique coordinate is obtained. The dynamic properties are given by ldquotask mass matrixrdquo. By this method, whatever tasks given by position and force would be decoupled. Micro-macro bilateral is considered as an example of the oblique coordinate control. It was confirmed by some simulations and an experiment.
Toward a paradigm shift from deficit-based to proactive speech and language treatment: Randomized pilot trial of the Babble Boot Camp in infants with classic galactosemia (2020)

<ns4:p> <ns4:bold>Background:</ns4:bold> Speech and language therapy is typically initiated reactively after a child starts showing delays. Infants with classic galactosemia (CG), a metabolic disease with a known high risk for both speech and language disorders, hold the keys towards evaluating whether preventive treatment is effective when the risks are known at birth. We present pilot data from a randomized parallel trial of an innovative proactive speech and language intervention program, the Babble Boot Camp (BBC). </ns4:p> <ns4:p> <ns4:bold>Method</ns4:bold> : Five children with CG, otherwise healthy, participated in the study from approximately 2 to 24 months of age. One of these was randomly selected as control receiving conventional management, which typically starts at age 2-3 years. A pediatric speech-language pathologist met weekly via telepractice with the parents in the treatment cohort. Parents implemented the prespeech, speech, and language stimulation and expansion activities according to the intervention protocol. The control child was still too young for conventional treatment. Primary outcome measures were speech sound production complexity in babble and speech and expressive vocabulary size. Secondary outcome measures were vocalization rates and developmental milestones in communication, motor, and cognition. The trial is ongoing. </ns4:p> <ns4:p> <ns4:bold>Results</ns4:bold> : All four treated children had higher speech sound skills in babble, three had higher speech sound skills in meaningful speech, two had higher expressive vocabularies, three had higher global developmental scores, and two had higher vocalization rates, compared to the control child with CG. </ns4:p> <ns4:p> <ns4:bold>Discussion:</ns4:bold> Given the high risk for speech and language delays in children with CG, finding on-schedule abilities in two or more of the treated children but not the untreated child is unexpected under random conditions. The trends toward beneficial effects of the BBC on speech sound production, expressive language, and communication milestones warrant appropriately powered larger clinical trials with full randomization. </ns4:p> <ns4:p> <ns4:bold>Trial registration:</ns4:bold> ClinicalTrials.gov <ns4:ext-link xmlns:ns3="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" ns3:href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03838016">NCT03838016</ns4:ext-link> (12 <ns4:sup>th</ns4:sup> February 2019). </ns4:p>
Statistical–Mechanical Analysis of Attractor Dynamics in a Hysteretic Neuron Network (2010)

The attractor dynamics of a neural network of neurons with a hysteretic response property are investigated by a statistical–mechanical approach and numerical simulations using the Hopfield associative-memory model. Exact macroscopic flow equations for the case that the number of stored patterns is finite are derived, and the stability of attractors is evaluated. It is shown that the hysteretic property improves the robustness of both memory patterns and mixed states against temperature but does not affect the qualitative structure of the phase diagram. In addition, it is numerically showed that as the number of stored patterns increases and the state of the system becomes frustrated, the relaxation time becomes very long. In contrast to the results of the previous studies, however, memory capacity was not improved by the hysteretic property.
Role of Interfaces on Multi‐length Scale Wear Mechanics of TaC‐based Composites (2017)

In the current work, contact‐mechanics at different length scale is utilized to correlate damage accumulation in TaC‐based composites. Upon synergistic reinforcement with silicon carbide (SiC) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), TaC has shown to reduce the wear rate from 10.5 × 10 −7 to 4.1 × 10 −7 mm 3 N −1 m −1 upon fretting (micro‐wear) and from 8.0 to 2.7 mm 3 N −1 m −1 upon micro‐scratching (meso‐wear). Enhancement in the fracture toughness from 2.9 to 10.7 MPam 1/2 with reinforcement is attributed to the processing induced defects (such as dislocation, stacking fault etc.) in SiC and strong interfacial bonding of CNTs with TaC, as revealed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Delineation of the synergistic contribution of SiC and CNT reinforcement in TaC establishes the wear mechanism to be abrasion (via fretting test), brittle tensile cracking, and fracture (via micro‐scratch test).