gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PPARγ activation in adipocytes is sufficient for systemic insulin sensitization (2009)

Although peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonists such as thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are widely used to treat type 2 diabetes, how its activation in individual tissues contributes to TZD's therapeutic action remains controversial. As TZDs are known to have receptor-independent effects, we sought to establish gain-of-function animal models to delineate the receptor's insulin-sensitizing actions. Unexpectedly, we find that selective activation of PPARgamma in adipocytes, but not in macrophages, is sufficient for whole-body insulin sensitization equivalent to systemic TZD treatment. In addition to improved adipokine, inflammatory, and lipid profiles, PPARgamma activation in mature adipocytes normalizes serum insulin without increased adipogenesis. Co-culture studies indicated that PPARgamma-activated adipocytes broadly suppress induction of inflammatory cytokines and C-X-C family chemokines in macrophages. Collectively, these data describe an "adipocentric" model in which adipose activation of PPARgamma is sufficient for complete insulin sensitization and suggest a specific application for fat selective PPARgamma modulators in diabetic therapy.
Characterization of a thermophilic DNA ligase from the archaeon Thermococcus fumicolans (2004)

A PCR protocol was used to identify and sequence a gene encoding a DNA ligase from Thermococcus fumicolans (Tfu). The recombinant enzyme, expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) pLysS, was purified to homogeneity and characterized. The optimum temperature and pH of Tfu DNA ligase were 65 °C and 7.0, respectively. The optimum concentration of MgCl2, which is indispensable for the enzyme activity, was 2 mM. We showed that Tfu DNA ligase displayed nick joining and blunt-end ligation activity using either ATP or NAD+, as a cofactor. In addition, our results would suggest that Tfu DNA ligase is likely to use the same catalytic residues with the two cofactors. The ability for DNA ligases, to use either ATP or NAD+, as a cofactor, appears to be specific of DNA ligases from Thermococcales, an order of hyperthermophilic microorganisms that belongs to the euryarchaeotal branch of the archaea domain.
Of Provinces and s.35 Rights (1999)

It is now well established that federal law and regulatory activity may interfere with the exercise of aboriginal peoples' existing treaty and aboriginal rights, despite s. 35(1) of the Constitution Act, 1982, whenever the federal government can justify the interference. It is not yet clear, though, what power, if any, Canada's provinces have to regulate, even in justified ways, such rights and their exercise. This article argues that the provinces, as a general rule, have no such authority. Except in certain very specific and isolated circumstances, they have no power, even apart from s. 35, to regulate the exercise of s. 35 rights, because such rights lie within the core of exclusive federal authority unders. 91(24) of the Constitution Act, 1867. Nothing in the Constitution Act, 1982 modifies that original incapacity. Section 88 of the federal Indian Act, which sometimes gives limited federal effect to certain provincial laws, itself stands in need of justification when, because of it, such laws do constrain the exercise of such rights. The better view is thats. 88's own impact on such rights cannot be justified.
PACE: Pattern Accurate Computationally Efficient Bootstrapping for Timely Discovery of Cyber-Security Concepts (2013)

Public disclosure of important security information, such as knowledge of vulnerabilities or exploits, often occurs in blogs, tweets, mailing lists, and other online sources months before proper classification into structured databases. In order to facilitate timely discovery of such knowledge, we propose a novel semi-supervised learning algorithm, PACE, for identifying and classifying relevant entities in text sources. The main contribution of this paper is an enhancement of the traditional bootstrapping method for entity extraction by employing a time-memory trade-off that simultaneously circumvents a costly corpus search while strengthening pattern nomination, which should increase accuracy. An implementation in the cyber-security domain is discussed as well as challenges to Natural Language Processing imposed by the security domain.
Predicting Drum Brake Noise Using Finite Element Methods (2002)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A method for predicting the propensity of a drum brake system to produce noise is presented. The method utilizes finite element models of the individual components of the drum brake system, which have been assembled into the system model of the brake assembly. An important step in this process is the tuning of the dynamic characteristics of the FEA model to ensure validation with experimental tests. Friction is the key element, which defines the behavior of the drum brake system. The system FEA model is assembled by coupling the lining and drum at the contact interface to simulate the friction interaction. This process produces an asymmetric stiffness matrix. A complex eigenvalue analysis identifies the system dynamic characteristics such as the frequency and damping for each vibration mode. The damping values reveal which modes are unstable and therefore likely to produce noise. The models thus developed were used to conduct sensitivity studies on several designs parameters of the system to determine values, which would tend to minimize noise. This sensitivity study identifies trends, which are useful in guiding the product design process.&lt;/div&gt;
Current Status of Research and Development for Three-Dimensional Chip Stack Technology (2001)

The national project of “Ultra High-Density Electronic System Integration” was initiated in 1999. This is the first project to focus on a niche area between electronic devices and systems. It aims to develop technologies for overcoming the problems in terms of performance of electronic systems. Three-dimensional (3D) LSI chip stacking, optoelectronics hybrid integration, and optimum circuit design are the technology categories. For the 3D stacking technology, a chip-based stacking technology is under extensive development that includes wafer preparation for chip stacking, wafer thinning, chip stacking, and inspection and testing. In this paper, the current development status of the 3D stacking technology, called V-STACK technology, is introduced.
Leptin pulsatility in formerly obese women (2005)

Plasma leptin and growth hormone (GH) profile and pulsatility have been studied in morbidly obese subjects before and 14 months after bilio-pancreatic diversion (BPD), a bariatric technique producing massive lipid malabsorption. The maximum leptin diurnal variation (acrophase) decreased (10.27+/-1.70 vs. 22.60+/-2.79 ng x ml(-1); P=0.001), while its pulsatility index (PI) increased (1.084+/-0.005 vs. 1.050+/-0.004 ng x ml(-1) x min(-1); P=0.02) after BPD. Plasma GH acrophase increased (P=0.0001) from 0.91+/-0.20 to 4.58+/-0.80 microg x l(-1) x min(-1) after BPD as well as GH PI (1.70+/-0.13 vs. 1.20+/-0.04 microg x l(-1) x min(-1); P=0.024). Whole-body glucose uptake (M), assessed by euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp, almost doubled after BPD (from 0.274+/-0.022 to 0.573+/-0.027 mmol x kgFFM(-1) x min(-1); P<0.0001), while 24 h lipid oxidation was significantly (P<0.0001) reduced (131.94+/-35.58 vs. 44.56+/-15.10 g). However, the average lipid oxidation was 97.2+/-3.1% (P<0.01) of the metabolizable lipid intake after the bariatric operation, while it was 69.2+/-8.5% before. After the operation, skeletal muscle ACC2 mRNA decreased (P<0.0001) from 452.82+/-76.35 to 182.45+/-40.69% of cyclophilin mRNA as did the malonyl-CoA (from 0.28+/-0.02 to 0.16+/-0.01 nmol x g(-1); P<0.0001). Leptin changes negatively correlated with M changes (R2=0.69, P<0.001). In a stepwise regression (R2=0.87, P=0.0055), only changes in 24 h free fatty acids (B=0.105+/-0.018, P=0.002) and glucose/insulin ratio (B=0.247+/-0.081, P=0.029) were the best predictors of leptin variations. In conclusion, the reversion of insulin resistance after BPD might allow reversal of leptin resistance, restoration of leptin pulsatility, and consequent inhibition of ACC2 mRNA expression, translating to a reduced synthesis of malonyl-CoA, which, in turn, results in increased fatty acid oxidation. Finally, since leptin inhibits GH secretion, a reduction of circulating leptin levels might have produced an increase in GH secretion, as observed in our series.
Autoimmune Hepatitis Induced by Syngeneic Liver Cytosolic Proteins Biotransformed by Alcohol Metabolites (2010)

These data demonstrate that a disease with an autoimmune-like pathophysiology can be generated in this animal model using soluble MAA-modified syngeneic liver cytosols as the immunogen. These studies provide insight into potential mechanism(s) that the metabolites of alcohol may play in contributing to the onset of an autoimmune-like disease in patients with alcoholic liver disease.
Bulk hydrogen abundances in the lunar highlands: Measurements from orbital neutron data (2015)

The first map of bulk hydrogen concentrations in the lunar highlands region is reported. This map is derived using data from the Lunar Prospector Neutron Spectrometer (LP-NS). We resolve prior ambiguities in the interpretation of LP-NS data with respect to non-polar hydrogen concentrations by comparing the LP-NS data with maps of the 750 nm albedo reflectance, optical maturity, and the wavelength position of the thermal infrared Christiansen Feature. The best explanation for the variations of LP-NS epithermal neutron data in the lunar highlands is variable amounts of solar-wind-implanted hydrogen. The average hydrogen concentration across the lunar highlands and away from the lunar poles is 65 ppm. The highest hydrogen values range from 120 ppm to just over 150 ppm. These values are consistent with the range of hydrogen concentrations from soils and regolith breccias at the Apollo 16 highlands landing site. Based on a moderate-to-strong correlation of epithermal neutrons and orbit-based measures of surface maturity, the map of highlands hydrogen concentration represents a new global maturity index that can be used for studies of the lunar soil maturation process. We interpret these hydrogen concentrations to represent a bulk soil property related to the long-term impact of the space environment on the lunar surface. Consequently, the derived hydrogen concentrations are not likely related to the surficial enhancements (top tens to hundreds of microns) or local time variations of OH/H2O measured with spectral reflectance data.
REHABILITATION DES OUVRAGES D'ART - THEME III - REPARATION ET RENFORCEMENT (1987)

CE THEME REGROUPE LES CONFERENCES ET COMMUNICATIONS SUIVANTES : REPAIR, REHABILITATION AND STRENGTHENING OF HIGHWAY BRIDGES IN THE UNITED STATES (FISHER,JW ET KEATING,PB) - DISORDER, REPAIR, STRENGTHENING OF PRESTESSED CONCRETE BRIDGES BASED ON THE INSPECTION OF 43 VALLEY-BRIDGES (ZICHNER,T) - SPAN-LINKING. WHY ? HOW ? (BERTEL,JC) - PARTIAL PRESTRESSING IN THE REHABILITATION OF CONCRETE BRIDGES (NAAMAN,AE) - PROTECTION OF REINFORCING STEEL BARS (BRACHER,G) - DYNAMIC LOAD ALLOWANCE FOR EVALUATION (GREEN,R) - TYPICAL DAMAGES O0F HIGHWAY BRIDGES, REDESIGN EXAMPLES, DIAGNOSIS TECHNIQUES (LEVI,F - NAPOLI,P - CORONA,G) - COLLECTION DES GUIDES AFPC - SNBATI - STRRES SUR LES TECHNIQUES DE REPARATION ET DE RENFORCEMENT DES OUVRAGES EN BETON (PERZO,R) - DETERIORATION MECHANISMS AND REPAIRS TO BRIDGE BEARINGS, BELGIAN EXPERIENCE (DE BACKER,C) - SAFEGUARDING SMALL MASONRY BRIDGES (MAC FARLANE,J) RESEARCH NEEDS FOR THE REHABILITATION OF SHORT - AND MEDIUM - SPAN BRIDGES (BRUCKLE,IG) - DIMENSIONNEMENT ET VERIFICATION DU RENFORCEMENT PAR LA TECHNIQUE DES TOLES COLLEES (THEILLOUT,JN) - BRIDGE STRENGTHENING PROGRAMS IN CALIFORNIA (CASSANO,RC). (VOIR FICHE GENERALE DIRR 121077).
Quantum and classical capacity boosted by a Lorentz transformation (2014)

In this paper we show that the quantum channel between two inertial observers who transmit quantum information by sending realistic photonic wave packets is a well-studied channel in quantum Shannon theory: the Pauli channel. The parameters of the Pauli channel and therefore its classical and quantum capacity depend on the magnitude of the Lorentz boost relating the two observers. The most striking consequence is that two inertial observers whose Pauli channel has initially zero quantum capacity can achieve nonzero quantum communication rates (reaching, in principle, its maximal value, equal to 1) by applying a boost in the right direction. This points to a fundamental connection between quantum channel capacities and special relativity.
A bestatin-based fluorescent probe for aminopeptidase N cell imaging (2015)

Aminopeptidase N (APN ) 为各种各样的肿瘤是一个重要的药目标和 biomarker。当前的工作描绘一篇小说指向 APN 荧光灯探查(格林， 2 ) 那与 Bestatin 表明可比较的禁止的活动。这根探针有能力对为成像的 APN 紧有约束力在生活的内长的 APN 人的卵巢的清楚的房间癌房间(ES-2 ) 并且在细胞的 APN 的生物学习有潜在的申请。
Economic Analysis of Children’s Surgical Care in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Analysis (2016)

Our findings show that many areas of children's surgical care are extremely cost-effective in LMICs, provide substantial societal benefits, and are an appropriate target for enhanced investment. Several areas, including inguinal hernia repair, trichiasis surgery, cleft lip and palate repair, circumcision, congenital heart surgery and orthopedic procedures, should be considered "Essential Pediatric Surgical Procedures" as they offer considerable economic value. However, there are major gaps in existing research quality and methodology which limit our current understanding of the economic value of surgical care.
Data from Haplotype Analysis of the <i>HSD17B1</i> Gene and Risk of Breast Cancer: A Comprehensive Approach to Multicenter Analyses of Prospective Cohort Studies (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;The 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 gene (&lt;i&gt;HSD17B1&lt;/i&gt;) encodes 17HSD1, which catalyzes the final step of estradiol biosynthesis. Despite the important role of &lt;i&gt;HSD17B1&lt;/i&gt; in hormone metabolism, few epidemiologic studies of &lt;i&gt;HSD17B1&lt;/i&gt; and breast cancer have been conducted. This study includes 5,370 breast cancer cases and 7,480 matched controls from five large cohorts in the Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium. We characterized variation in &lt;i&gt;HSD17B1&lt;/i&gt; by resequencing and dense genotyping a multiethnic sample and identified haplotype-tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (htSNP) that capture common variation within a 33.3-kb region around &lt;i&gt;HSD17B1&lt;/i&gt;. Four htSNPs, including the previously studied SNP rs605059 (&lt;i&gt;S312G&lt;/i&gt;), were genotyped to tag five common haplotypes in all cases and controls. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) for disease. We found no evidence of association between common &lt;i&gt;HSD17B1&lt;/i&gt; haplotypes or htSNPs and overall risk of breast cancer. The OR for each haplotype relative to the most common haplotype ranged from 0.98 to 1.07 (omnibus test for association: &lt;i&gt;X&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 3.77, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.58, 5 degrees of freedom). When cases were subdivided by estrogen receptor (ER) status, two common haplotypes were associated with ER-negative tumors (test for trend, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;s = 0.0009 and 0.0076; &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 353 cases). &lt;i&gt;HSD17B1&lt;/i&gt; variants that are common in Caucasians are not associated with overall risk of breast cancer; however, there was an association among the subset of ER-negative tumors. Although the probability that these ER-negative findings are false-positive results is high, these findings were consistent across each cohort examined and warrant further study. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(4): 2468-75)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Sparse object reconstruction from a limited number of projections using the linear programming (2004)

This paper proposes a simple row-action type iterative algorithm which is appropriate to reconstruct sparse objects from a limited number of projections. The main idea is to use the L/sub 1/ norm to pick up a sparse solution from a set of feasible solutions to the measurement equation. By perturbing the linear program to a quadratic program, we use the duality of the nonlinear programming to construct a row-action type iterative algorithm to find a solution, we also prove that the algorithm converges for any initial image. We show that this method works well in the 3D blood-vessel reconstruction and its computation time is shorter compared to our previous method.
Recent Advances in Microencapsulation Technology and Equipment (1988)

(1988). Recent Advances in Microencapsulation Technology and Equipment. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy: Vol. 14, No. 2-3, pp. 353-376.
Driver Assistance for Safe and Comfortable On-Ramp Merging Using Environment Models Extended through V2X Communication and Role-Based Behavior Predictions (2020)

Modern driver assistance systems as well as autonomous vehicles take their decisions based on local maps of the environment. These maps include, for example, surrounding moving objects perceived by sensors as well as routes and navigation information. Current research in the field of environment mapping is concerned with two major challenges. The first one is the integration of information from different sources e. g. on-board sensors like radar, camera, ultrasound and lidar, offline map data or backend information. The second challenge comprises in finding an abstract representation of this aggregated information with suitable interfaces for different driving functions and traffic situations. To overcome these challenges, an extended environment model is a reasonable choice.In this paper, we show that role-based motion predictions in combination with v2x-extended environment models are able to contribute to increased traffic safety and driving comfort. Thus, we combine the mentioned research areas and show possible improvements, using the example of a threading process at a motorway access road. Furthermore, it is shown that already an average v2x equipment penetration of 80 % can lead to a significant improvement of 0.33 m/s <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> of the total acceleration and 12 m more safety distance compared to non v2x-equipped vehicles during the threading process.
Identification of an orally active small-molecule PTHR1 agonist for the treatment of hypoparathyroidism (2016)

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is essential for calcium homeostasis and its action is mediated by the PTH type 1 receptor (PTHR1), a class B G-protein-coupled receptor. Hypoparathyroidism and osteoporosis can be treated with PTH injections; however, no orally effective PTH analogue is available. Here we show that PCO371 is a novel, orally active small molecule that acts as a full agonist of PTHR1. PCO371 does not affect the PTH type 2 receptor (PTHR2), and analysis using PTHR1-PTHR2 chimeric receptors indicated that Proline 415 of PTHR1 is critical for PCO371-mediated PTHR1 activation. Oral administration of PCO371 to osteopenic rats provokes a significant increase in bone turnover with limited increase in bone mass. In hypocalcemic rats, PCO371 restores serum calcium levels without increasing urinary calcium, and with stronger and longer-lasting effects than PTH injections. These results strongly suggest that PCO371 can provide a new treatment option for PTH-related disorders, including hypoparathyroidism.
Recent Innovations in Ex Situ Lift Out Applications and Techniques (2018)

Abstract Ex-situ lift out (EXLO) techniques rely on van der Waals forces to transfer FIB milled specimens to various types of carriers using a glass probe micromanipulator. This article describes some of the latest EXLO techniques for site specific scanning transmission electron microscopy, including the use slotted half-grids and vacuum-assisted lift out for plan-view analysis.
Improving the Thermal Properties of Poly(2,5‐furandicarboxylate)s Using Cyclohexylene Moieties: A Comparative Study (2016)

The search for new polymers from renewable origin is a sparkling field in polymer chemistry, especially those having promising properties, for example, in terms of their thermal performance. In this vein, in this study, an original renewable 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid‐based cycloaliphatic homopolyester, poly(1,4‐cyclohexylene 2,5‐furandicarboxylate) (PCdF), is synthesized from dimethyl‐2,5‐furandicarboxylate and 1,4‐cyclohexanediol. Poly(1,4‐cyclohexanedimethylene 2,5‐furandicarboxylate) is also prepared for comparison purposes, since it is the direct renewable substitute of poly(1,4‐cyclohexanedimethylene terephthalate) and they are structurally related. The resulting homopolyesters are characterized in detail by using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared, 1 H, 13 C and 2D NMR, X‐ray and elemental analysis, and thermal properties are assessed by thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. PCdF shows to have a semicrystalline character, exhibiting an extremely high glass transition temperature around 175 °C. Moreover, this polyester also shows to be a high thermally stable material with a degradation temperature of 380.0 °C. image