gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Glenoplasty for Recurrent Posterior Shoulder Instability (1987)

Posterior glenoplasty, as performed for the treatment of recurrent posterior shoulder instability, was shown to thrust the humeral head forward and was able to cause symptomatic impingement of the anterior cuff between the coracoid process and the humeral head. Such subcoracoid impingement is relieved by resection of the inferolateral part of the coracoid tip and of the coracoacromial ligament.
Data from Better than RECIST and Faster than iRECIST: Defining the Immunotherapy Progression Decision Score to Better Manage Progressive Tumors on Immunotherapy (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;The objective of the study is to propose the immunotherapy progression decision (iPD) score, a practical tool based on patient features that are available at the first evaluation of immunotherapy treatment, to help oncologists decide whether to continue the treatment or switch rapidly to another therapeutic line when facing a progressive disease patient at the first evaluation.&lt;/p&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;p&gt;This retrospective study included 107 patients with progressive disease at first evaluation according to RECIST 1.1. Clinical, radiological, and biological data at baseline and first evaluation were analyzed. An external validation set consisting of 31 patients with similar baseline characteristics was used for the validation of the score.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;Variables were analyzed in a univariate study. The iPD score was constructed using only independent variables, each considered as a worsening factor for the survival of patients. The patients were stratified in three groups: good prognosis (GP), poor prognosis (PP), and critical prognosis (CP). Each group showed significantly different survivals (GP: 11.4, PP: 4.4, CP: 2.3 months median overall survival, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001, log-rank test). Moreover, the iPD score was able to detect the pseudoprogressors better than other scores. On the validation set, CP patients had significantly worse survival than PP and GP patients (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05, log-rank test).&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;The iPD score provides oncologists with a new evaluation, computable at first progression, to decide whether treatment should be continued (for the GP group), or immediately changed for the PP and CP groups. Further validation on larger cohorts is needed to prove its efficacy in clinical practice.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
The Effect of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid on Cytochrome c Oxidase Activity (2012)

Summary Cytochrome c oxidase (COX, Complex IV) is a heme enzyme in the electron transport chain of mitochondria. In the case of tumor or lifestyle disease, the decreased activity of COX is reportedly observed, indicating the importance of rescuing COX inactivation. In this study, we administered 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), the precursor in the porphyrin synthesis pathway leads to heme, to mice for 10 consecutive days. As a result, the markedly increase of COX protein levels and activity were observed in liver after ALA injection. In conclusion, our study suggests that administration of ALA promotes aerobic energy metabolism.
Code disjoint self-parity combinational circuits for self-testing, concurrent fault detection and parity scan design (2002)

In this paper it is shown how an arbitrary n-tupel of m-ary Boolean functions can be systematically implemented as a code-disjoint self-testing combinational circuit. This is achieved by the use of a parity bit of the inputs and a parity bit of the outputs, a second additional output and of one or more replicates of a selected part of the monitored circuit. The parity bit of the outputs and the functional bits are thus jointly designed rather than in separation. The circuit can be used in test mode, in scan-test mode if it is the combinational part of a sequential circuit, and in normal operation mode for concurrent fault detection. In normal on-line operation, faults may be detected with some degree of latency.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Nautical and aeronautical electronic charting/navigation systems /sub e/velopments, similarities and differences (2005)

Although already considered more than fifty years ago, the use of electronic displays to replace paper maps in the cockpit of commercial aircraft has commenced only recently, whereas displays that depict the planned route relative to ownship are already in use for over twenty years. In contrast, in the nautical community, the use of an electronic navigation chart to replace the paper chart is already a fact for several years, while the depiction of the planned route was added later. Given the differences between the nautical and the aeronautical domain, it is logical that on the surface many differences are apparent between the implementations of electronic map displays. However, a closer examination reveals that many design questions are the same. Also, current developments with respect to the further increase in data integration show similarities. Besides the emulation of the conventional paper chart, the availability of the data used to generate electronic charts will allow for new functions that support the operator with the navigation task. One example for the nautical environment is a tighter integration between the navigation task and the guidance and control task. At present, a research project at the Royal Netherlands Naval College is exploring the potential of some navigation data presentation concepts that were originally developed for aerospace navigation. When assessing the potential of a certain concept, one should always consider that every existing implementation is a trade-off which resulted from the technical limitations of the time it was designed. Therefore, it is important to understand why a certain design was selected and why others were rejected. To better understand how operational requirements and technical possibilities resulted in the current generation of electronic charting and navigation displays, the first part of this paper provides an overview of the developments in the area of electronic navigation, charting, and guidance displays. Important similarities and differences between the nautical and the aeronautical domain are identified and the underlying rationale will be discussed. For a tighter integration of the navigation task with the guidance and control task, the integration of routing data is needed. The generation of the route should take the information on the constraints which is available from the data used to depict the electronic chart into account. The last part of the paper will address new developments in the area of navigation, guidance and control displays and the integration with dynamic routing.
Continuity and Change in a Domestic Industry: Santa María Atzompa, a Pottery Making Town in Oaxaca, Mexico (2009)

The potters of Santa María Atzompa, a town in the Valley of Oaxaca in southern Mexico, have been making pottery for at least 500 years, and the town has been widely known for its production of green lead-glazed cookware and ornamental pottery. This study, conducted in the 1990s, looks at how Atzompa pottery production changed since studies made in the 1950s and 1960s. Beginning in the mid-1990s, to a large extent as a result of public concern, publicity, and legislation about the lead glaze, the potters changed the style, distribution, and social context of their ceramic production. Also examined was the dynamics of household production and the choices that the potters made. A third element of the study was compositional analysis of the various ceramic materials and pastes used by the potters.
A fast immunoassay for the screening of β-agonists in hair† (1998)

Hair has been shown to be an excellent site for the accumulation of clenbuterol residues. Compared with other matrices, hair sampling is very easy and this might result in large numbers of samples. In this study, a simple digestion-extraction procedure was combined with a sensitive clenbuterol ELISA, which resulted in an easy screening procedure suitable for the detection of at least four beta-agonists. Hair from untreated cows (n = 40) resulted in low blank levels (0.9 +/- 0.7 and 0.5 +/- 0.2 ng g-1 for black and white hair, respectively). The detection limits for clenbuterol, bromobuterol, mapenterol and mabuterol were determined as 1-1.5 ng g-1 for white and 3-4 ng g-1 for black hair. The accumulation of mabuterol and mapenterol in black and white hair from treated calves was demonstrated by GC-MS. The screening assay is not suitable for the detection of cimbuterol (owing to the low extraction efficiency) and for salbutamol and terbutaline (owing to the low cross-reactivity of the antibodies used for the ELISA and the low extraction efficiency). Black hair samples from cows treated with clenbuterol were still found to be positive (> 5 ng g-1) at 23 weeks after treatment. The fast screening procedure is a powerful means to detect and track the illegal use of clenbuterol, bromobuterol, mabuterol and mapenterol in animal production.
The anatomy of microbial cell state transitions in response to oxygen (2007)

Adjustment of physiology in response to changes in oxygen availability is critical for the survival of all organisms. However, the chronology of events and the regulatory processes that determine how and when changes in environmental oxygen tension result in an appropriate cellular response is not well understood at a systems level. Therefore, transcriptome, proteome, ATP, and growth changes were analyzed in a halophilic archaeon to generate a temporal model that describes the cellular events that drive the transition between the organism's two opposing cell states of anoxic quiescence and aerobic growth. According to this model, upon oxygen influx, an initial burst of protein synthesis precedes ATP and transcription induction, rapidly driving the cell out of anoxic quiescence, culminating in the resumption of growth. This model also suggests that quiescent cells appear to remain actively poised for energy production from a variety of different sources. Dynamic temporal analysis of relationships between transcription and translation of key genes suggests several important mechanisms for cellular sustenance under anoxia as well as specific instances of post-transcriptional regulation.
ISN’T THAT SPECIAL?: THE EPA’S SPECIAL-CASE DETERMINATION FOR THE LOS ANGELES RIVER EXTENDS CLEAN WATER ACT PROTECTIONS CAST IN DOUBT BY THE ARMY CORPS AND THE UNITED STATES SUPREME COURT (2011)

In an effort to examine the implications EPA’s ability to extend Clean Water Act protection through the use of its special-case determination authority, this Article provides a case study of the Los Angeles River and the regulatory interplay between the Army Corps and the EPA. To begin, Part I sets forth the factual background of the LA River, describing its fickle and often volatile physical nature. It then describes the legal framework underlying the case by providing an overview of the Clean Water Act, its shared administration by the EPA and Army Corps, and the basis for the EPA’s special-case authority. Part II then discusses the Army Corps’ initial TNW determination and the EPA’s subsequent application of its special authority to overrule the Army Corps’ determination, while highlighting the agencies’ differing treatment and characterization of evidence used in making the determination. Finally, Part III discusses the potentially far-reaching consequences of the River’s navigability determination within the context of Southern California.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH.‐WEGE ZU KETONEN, HALOGENOLEFINEN UND ACETYLENEN UNTER VERWENDUNG VON ALDEHYDEN UND PHOSPHONIUM‐YLIDEN (1970)

Abstract Bei der Umsetzung der Aldehyde (I) mit dem Ylid (II) erhält man bei ‐78°C in Tetrahydrofuran das Betain (III), das durch Butyllithium in das β‐Oxidophosphonium‐Ylid (IV) übergeführt wird.
A general template for synthesis of hollow microsphere with well‐defined structure (2012)

Abstract Using chitooligosaccharides (COS) as the backbones and polycaprolactones (PCL) as the branches, a novel type of amphiphilic graft copolymers with a large amount of free OH and NH 2 groups remained on the COS backbones was synthesized. The obtained Chitooligosaccharide‐graft‐poly( ε ‐caprolactone)(COS‐ g ‐PCL) was self‐assembled into giant vesicles which served as templates for the preparation of hollow spheres of a series of metals(Au, Ag, Cu, Pt, and Pd). The method involved the initial mixing of COS‐ g ‐PCL and metal‐containing groups or metal ions to generate corresponding complex, followed by adding the selective solvent of water to induce the self‐assembly of the graft copolymers into giant vesicles; Metal ions were reduced and crosslinked by a subsequent calcination procedure to form metal hollow spheres. In addition, hybrid hollow spheres with fluorescent quantum dots and silica hollow spheres were also prepared by slightly modified procedures. A preliminary study on the trinitrotoluene sensor of CdS/vesicle hybrid hollow spheres revealed a considerable sensitivity, which exemplifies the distinct properties imparted by the hybrid hollow structure. All of the results demonstrate that the giant vesicles self‐assembled from COS‐ g ‐PCL could be utilized as effective templates for the synthesis of various hollow spheres. Using Chitooligosaccharide‐graft‐poly( ε ‐caprolactone) vesicles as general templates, the hollow spheres of a series of metals such as Au, Ag, Cu, and Pt were produced. The method involved the initial absorption of metal ions from solution into the functional surface layer of the graft copolymer giant vesicles. Metal ions were reduced and crosslinked by a subsequent calcination procedure to form metal hollow spheres. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
The effect of peptides and monoclonal antibodies that bind to platelet glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex on the development of clot tension (1989)

The development of tension in platelet-rich clots is a manifestation of fibrin polymer binding to platelets as well as platelet contractile activity. Arg-Gly-Asp(RGD)-containing peptides of fibrinogen alpha- chain and gamma-400–411 of fibrinogen gamma chain increased clot tension considerably, especially when it developed under isometric conditions. Morphometry revealed increased confluence of oriented fibrin and platelet aggregates. Monoclonal antibodies directed against different epitopes on the glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex had varying effects on clot tension development. Monoclonal antibodies A2A9 and 7E3 inhibited clot tension while T10 and 10E5 increased it. Since neither peptides nor antibodies affected the platelet actomyosin ATPase activity, their effect on tension must reflect the interaction between platelets and polymerizing fibrin. We conclude that gamma-400–411 and RGD-peptides increase platelet-polymerizing fibrin interaction. This suggests that clot tension requires a platelet receptor for polymerizing fibrin, which is different from the fibrinogen receptor domain required for aggregation. The results with the monoclonal antibodies support this hypothesis.
Dissociative Anaesthesia During Field and Hospital Conditions for Castration of Colts (2006)

The principal aim of this study was to evaluate dissociative anaesthesia for castration of colts during field conditions. Three dissociative anaesthetic protocols were evaluated during castration of colts in an animal hospital. The protocol considered to be the most suitable was thereafter evaluated during castration of colts under field conditions. Respiratory and haemodynamic parameters and the response to surgery were determined during anaesthesia. All horses breathed air spontaneously during anaesthesia. Under hospital conditions 26 colts were randomised to receive one of three anaesthetic protocols: Romifidine and tiletamine-zolazepam (RZ); acepromazine, romifidine and tiletamine-zolazepam (ARZ); or acepromazine, romifidine, butorphanol and tiletamine-zolazepam (ARBZ). The surgeon was blinded to the anaesthetic protocol used and decided whether supplemental anaesthesia was needed to complete surgery. Under field conditions 31 colts were castrated during anaesthesia with the ARBZ protocol. All inductions, anaesthesia and recoveries were calm and without excitation under both hospital and field conditions. Surgery was performed within 5-20 minutes after the horses had assumed lateral recumbency during both hospital and field castrations. Under hospital conditions some horses needed supplemental anaesthesia with all three anaesthetic protocols to complete surgery. Interestingly, none of the horses castrated with protocol ARBZ under field conditions needed additional anaesthesia. Cardiorespiratory changes were within acceptable limits in these clinically healthy colts.
[P3–036]: MEDI1814, A HIGH‐AFFINITY ANTIBODY DIRECTED TO THE C‐TERMINUS OF AβX‐42, ABROGATES SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY DISRUPTION CAUSED BY SYNTHETIC OR AD BRAIN‐DERIVED Aβ SOLUBLE ASSEMBLIES IN VIVO (2017)

Amyloid-β protein (Aβ) plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease (AD). N-terminus and mid-region directed anti-Aβ antibodies have been shown to have potential therapeutic efficacy based on their ability to reduce Aß oligomer-mediated disruption of synaptic plasticity. It was not clear if antibodies directed to the C-terminus of Aβx-42 (Aβ42) have the same efficacy. Long-term potentiation (LTP) of electrically evoked field potentials was studied in the stratum radiatum in the CA1 area of the hippocampus in urethane-anaesthetized rats. The LTP disrupting effect of either Tris-buffered saline soluble extract of AD brain containing Aß assemblies, or a synthetic preparation of Aß1–42 (Aß-derived diffusible ligands, ADDLs) enriched in soluble protofibrils, was studied after intracerebroventricular (i.c.v) injection. Both MEDI1814 (with high specificity and affinity for Aβ42, Kd ∼300pM) and a relatively low-affinity Aβ42 binding antibody (MEDI8490, Kd ∼10nM) were prepared in histidine buffer, and injected either i.c.v. or systemically (intracardiac) to assess their ability to block Aβ-induced LTP disruption. We evaluated whether an acute i.c.v. co-injection of MEDI1814 is able to prevent the disruption of synaptic plasticity by Aß-containing extract of AD brain. Whereas i.c.v. administration of MEDI1814 (2 mg) fully abrogated the acute inhibition of LTP by AD brain extract, MEDI8490 was inactive. In a systemic passive immunization paradigm, antibodies were administered via intracardiac injection prior to AD brain-derived Aß. We found that MEDI1814, but not MEDI8490, abrogated the inhibition of LTP in a dose-dependent manner. Finally, we examined if systemic passive immunization could prevent or reverse the persistent inhibition of LTP measured in vivo 7 days after a single i.c.v. injection of synthetic Aß42. A single systemic injection of MEDI1814, given either prior to i.c.v. treatement with Aß on day 1, or prior to recording synaptic plasticity on day 7, prevented the disruption of LTP. In contrast, neither pre- nor post-Aß treatment with the control antibody was effective. Intracerebral or systemic administration of a high affinity monoclonal antibody directed to the C-terminus of Aß42 rapidly prevents or reverses synaptic plasticity impairment in the rat hippocampus caused by synthetic or human AD brain-derived Aβ aggregates.
Anticonvulsant Effects of Transcranial Direct‐current Stimulation (tDCS) in the Rat Cortical Ramp Model of Focal Epilepsy (2006)

Summary: Purpose: Weak direct currents induce lasting alterations of cortical excitability in animals and humans, which are controlled by polarity, duration of stimulation, and current strength applied. To evaluate its anticonvulsant potential, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) was tested in a modified cortical ramp‐stimulation model of focal epilepsy. Methods: The threshold for localized seizure activity (TLS) was determined in freely moving rats by applying a single train of rising bipolar pulses through a unilateral epicranial electrode. After tDCS, TLS was determined repeatedly for 120 min at intervals of 15 min. The first group of animals received two sessions of cathodal tDCS at 100 μA, one for 30 and one for 60 min. A third session consisted of 60 min of anodal tDCS. A second group received cathodal tDCS at 200 μA for 15 and for 30 min, as well as anodal tDCS for 30 min. Results: Sixty minutes of cathodal tDCS at 100 μA resulted in a TLS increase lasting for ≥2 h. When the intensity was increased to 200 μA, a similar lasting TLS elevation occurred after a stimulation of just 30‐min duration. In contrast, anodal tDCS at identical stimulation durations and current strengths had no significant effect on TLS. Conclusions: The anticonvulsive effect induced by cathodal tDCS depends on stimulation duration and current strength and may be associated with the induction of alterations of cortical excitability that outlast the actual stimulation. The results lead to the reasonable assumption that cathodal tDCS could evolve as a therapeutic tool in drug‐refractory partial epilepsy.
An Original Traceless Linker Strategy for Solid-Phase Synthesis of N,N,N-Substituted Guanidines (2000)

An original sequence for solution- and solid-phase synthesis of N,N',N"-trisubstituted guanidines is described. The sequence involves as key intermediate a bis-electrophilic chlorothioformamidine that is stable, easy to prepare and also easy to handle. Supported chlorothioformamidine, prepared in two steps from Merrifield resin, undergoes smooth nucleophilic addition of a primary amine to afford the corresponding supported isothiourea. The guanidine is obtained in satisfactory yield and good purity through a functionalizing-release process by heating the supported isothiourea in the presence of a primary amine in toluene at 100 degrees C. Compatibility of this sequence with several functional groups is demonstrated.