gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Induction of Tolerance to Focal Ischemia in Rat Brain: Dissociation between Cortical Lesioning and Spreading Depression (2004)

Cortical application of KCl has previously been shown to induce tolerance to a subsequent episode of cerebral ischemia. KCl triggers recurrent episodes of cortical spreading depression and produces a small lesion at the cortical application site. To determine whether a cortical lesion alone is sufficient to induce tolerance to ischemia, the authors used 5-mol/L NaCl to precondition rat brain 3 days before permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. NaCl produced a small lesion at the application site without evoking cortical spreading depression. Preconditioning with 5-mol/L NaCl significantly attenuated the decrease in CBF after middle cerebral artery occlusion and reduced the volume of cortical infarction by 35%. The results show that a small cortical lesion, by itself, is sufficient to induce tolerance to ischemia.
An Extensible Semantic Search Engine for Biomedical Publications (2018)

The ever increasing amount of publications in the biomedical domain leads to the challenge of finding the right answer to a specific question within a vast sea of information. For instance, the biomedical search engine PubMed has an index of over 27 million publications. PubMed implements a keyword-based search. While easy to operate, the results are shown as a paginated textual list, which is time-consuming to navigate. To give the users a more convenient way of searching for information and displaying it, a variety of interfaces which operate on top of PubMed have emerged. One of those platforms is ViLiP, developed as visual exploratory interface to PubMed and primarily used in the neuroscience domain. ViLiP presents the result of a user's query in form of an in-situ heat map. In this work, ViLiP is extended by an NLP-based semantic search engine, for the use-case of detecting drug information within a query. Based on linguistic annotations, potential candidates for drug names are selected from an RDF data source, and matching publications are searched for.
MODERN HOMEOPATHY AND MEDICAL SCIENCE. (1894)

Recent addresses by Mr. Ernest Hart of London, and Professors Roberts and Cohen of Philadelphia, together with the agitation relative to the revision of the Code of the American Medical Association, have caused considerable criticism in this country, pro and con, relative to homeopathy. It is not a question of taste or of fancy for the laity; nor is it simply an indication of bigotry, if a physician declines to consult with a homeopath. If homeopathy is right, a very large majority of physicians are mistaken. As a class they can have no possible object for opposing homeopathy except a firm belief that it is radically wrong. If homeopathy is wrong, thousands of our citizens are deluded and defrauded by this form of quackery. It is, therefore, a proper subject for careful consideration in secular as well as professional journals. When the writer decided to study medicine, the homeopathists were
324 Coefficient of traction on the contacts of a planetary roller type speed reducer with a centerlessly supported hollow cylinder (2007)

A noble planetary roller type traction drive with the speed ratio of 4.5 was developed as a speed reducer aiming at simplification and high efficiency of the device. The power was transmitted from the sun roller to the retainer through the centerlessly supported planetary roller, which enables to decrease a precision of processing of the rollers. Another feature was that the axial thrust between the wedge-shaped sun and planetary rollers provide the normal force. The power transmission performance was evaluated using the traction fluid under the test conditions taken a speed reducer of electric-powered wheel chair into consideration. As a result, the reduction speed ratio was stable under the test conditions, while the efficiency was about 90% at the maximum output torque. It was considered that the major cause of torque loss was the friction resistance on the bearings.
Superconductivity in the Infinite-layered Sr1-xLaxCuO2 and Preparation of CaCuO2 by Sol-gel Method. (1993)

High pressure synthesized infinite-layered superconductor Sro.9Lao. 1CuO2 showed very large magnetic hysteresis. Its critical current value of 1010A/m2 at 4.2K was obtained applying Bean's model. A.C. measurement also showed similar value as its intra-grain Jc value.
Virtual Reality User-Scene Interaction:Head-Rotation versus Joystick Movements (2022)

An immersive experience is typically connected to user-scene interaction. The system needs to sense the user's movements and inputs and trigger actions accordingly. When operating on PC and console games, interaction typically occurs through hand controllers, including joysticks. Compared to a mouse and keyboard, joysticks allow for articulated command actions, letting users move objects and viewpoints. When wearing a VR headset, the user's head position is tracked, triggering viewpoint changes. This is a major difference between operating on VR headsets and desktop monitors. Changing observation viewpoint through head-rotation comes naturally, which adds to the sensation already given by a VR headset of isolation from the surrounding world. Both sensations contribute to the increased user immersion in the observed world. However, when overviewing a relatively-complex dynamic scene, changing the viewpoint by head-rotation may not be most suitable. Instead, a change triggered by the controller's joystick may appear more convenient and comfortable. This paper assesses the use of head-rotation and controller joystick to generate differences in observation viewpoint. Our application context is a three-dimensional dynamic-scene viewing within command and control operations, which is typical in military defense. Our assessment includes tasks of identification, discovery and positioning of drone movements. We measure objective user's performance by examining mission success and timing and subjective factors such as ease of use, presence, comfort and depth perception.
Waveform diversity and compatibility (2011)

Waveform diversity in multistatic radar systems can enhance distributed radar system performance. Dynamically changing the electromagnetic emanations of radar and communications systems however poses an electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) challenge. Data are provided illustrating how waveform diversity improves multistatic radar system performance. An approach for maintaining EMC in a dynamically changing environment is also provided.
Eddy formation in unsteady flows (1987)

Unsteadiness of flow at M 2 ‐S 2 tidal frequencies is demonstrated to be a dominant factor forming eddies in natural, shallow‐water and continental shelf environments. Numerical hydrodynamic modelling and field measurements show that during the later stages of the half tidal cycle in a low‐friction environment, currents in the lee of an obstruction accelerate with supporting sea gradients opposite to the adjacent, inertial free stream, which is still decelerating. These opposed currents appear as a phase eddy and ideally can endure for 3 hours in M 2 ‐S 2 reversing currents. Case studies are cited, and numerical hydrodynamic modeling is applied to examine the formation of these circulation patterns.
Reproducibility of liver R2* quantification for liver iron quantification from cardiac R2* acquisitions (2021)

The results demonstrate that R2*-measurements in the liver are feasible using 2D cardiac R2* maps compared to 3D liver R2* maps as the reference. Liver R2* may be underestimated for R2* > 400 s<sup>-1</sup> using the 2D cardiac R2* mapping method.
Effect of hydrogen on Ca and Mg acceptors in GaN (1996)

The influence of minority carrier injection on the reactivation of hydrogen passivated Mg in GaN at 175 C has been investigated in p-n junction diodes. The dissociation of the neutral MgH complexes is greatly enhanced in the presence of minority carrier and the reactivation process follows second order kinetics. Conventional annealing under zero-bias conditions does not produce Mg-H dissociation until temperatures {ge} 450 C. These results provide an explanation for the e-beam induced reactivation of Mg acceptors in hydrogenated GaN. Exposure to a hydrogen plasma at 250 C of p-type GaN (Ca) prepared by either Ca{sup +} or Ca{sup +} plus P{sup +} coimplantation leads to a reduction in sheet carrier density of approximately an order of magnitude (1.6 {times} 10{sup 12} cm{sup {minus}2} to 1.8 {times} 10{sup 11} cm{sup {minus}2}), and an accompanying increase in hole mobility (6 cm{sup 2}/Vs to 18 cm{sup 2}/Vs). The passivation process can be reversed by post-hydrogenation annealing at 400--500 C under a N{sub 2} ambient. This reactivation of the acceptors is characteristic of the formation of neutral (Ca-H) complexes in the GaN. The thermal stability of the passivation is similar to that of Mg-H complexes in material prepared in the same manner (implantation) with similar initial doping levels. Hydrogen passivation of acceptor dopants in GaN appears to be a ubiquitous phenomenon, as it is in other p-type semiconductors.
Topcoat-less resist approach for high volume production and yield enhancement of immersion lithography (2010)

Double patterning (DP) is the first candidate for extension of ArF immersion lithography, and topcoat-less (TC-less) process is an attractive process candidate compared to a topcoat process because it can make DP process simpler and reduce the chip manufacturing cost. To make the DP process viable, TC-less process performance including defectivity, auto focus (AF) and overlay performance must be validated. Nikon's latest volume production immersion lithography tool (S620D), was used for TC-less process evaluation. While S620D shows good defectivity results with both topcoat and TC-less process at 700mm/s scan speed, TC-less process showed slight improvement in defectivity compared to topcoat process. One reason being that TC-less process can suppress topcoat originated defect such as topcoat blister. The second reason is that TC-less resist can attain higher hydrophobicity than topcoat. Higher hydrophobicity is advantageous for high speed scanning because of stable movement of water meniscus, resulting in better defectivity performance. Defectivity results showed clear correlation to dynamic receding contact angle (D-RCA). Blob defect reduction is one of the challenges with TC-less resist process, because hydrophobic surface repels rinse water applied during development rinse process hence generating blob defect. However, the recent material improvements of TC-less resist have overcome this challenge and showed excellent blob defect performance. The hydrophobicity control during development process is the key factor in defect reduction. Wafer edge process is also very important for immersion lithography. The preferable wafer edge treatment for both TCless and topcoat process is to maintain uniform hydrophobicity over the entire wafer including wafer edge. While topcoat can be removed perfectly by development, unexposed TC-less resist remains on the wafer edge. WEE (wafer edge exposure) process can remove the excess resist after exposure, it's effectiveness was confirmed through experimental results. AF and overlay repeatability was evaluated on both topcoat and TC-less process; similar and sufficient performance was obtained on both processes. Based on cost of ownership calculations it is believed a 30% material cost and 10% track hardware cost reduction is feasible. These evaluations provide convincing evidence that TC-less process is ready for 32nm generation and beyond.
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of a bacteriophage T4 primase fragment (2000)

The primase from bacteriophage T4 is a single-stranded DNA-dependent RNA polymerase that is one of the seven proteins that constitute the DNA-replication machinery of bacteriophage T4. In an attempt to crystallize the protein, a number of variants were generated. One such construct, which includes the C-terminal region (residues 196-340), gave four different crystal forms which diffract in the 3. 5-6.0 A resolution range.
Engineering mouse cationic trypsinogen for rapid and selective activation by cathepsin B (2019)

Intra-pancreatic activation of trypsin is an early event in pancreatitis. Trypsinogen can be activated to trypsin either through autoactivation (trypsin-mediated trypsinogen activation) or by the lysosomal protease cathepsin B (CTSB). Experimental separation of CTSB-mediated activation from autoactivation in mice is possible through knocking in mutations that render trypsinogen sensitive to CTSB but resistant to trypsin. Here we present biochemical studies on novel mouse cationic trypsinogen (isoform T7) mutants engineered for selective CTSB activation. First, we demonstrated that mutation K24G, which alters the activation site Lys in T7 trypsinogen, abolished autoactivation while activation by CTSB was stimulated 4-fold at pH 4.0. Interestingly, CTSB-mediated activation of the K24G mutant became more sensitive to inhibition by increasing pH. Next, Ala-scanning of the five Asp residues preceding the activation site Lys revealed that mutation D22A accelerated CTSB-mediated activation by 2-fold. Finally, combination of mutations D22A and K24G resulted in a trypsinogen mutant that exhibited 14-fold increased activation by CTSB and normal pH sensitivity. We conclude that we successfully engineered a mouse T7 trypsinogen mutant (D22A,K24G), which is robustly activated by CTSB but cannot undergo autoactivation. These studies set the stage for the generation of a preclinical mouse model of CTSB-dependent pancreatitis.
Petróleo, gobernanza y conflicto en el Chad (2008)

Este ARI estudia la dimension petrolera del conflicto que vive el Chad desde finales de 2005.

El conflicto interno que vive el Chad desde finales de 2005 se suele asociar al faccionalismo presente en la politica chadiana desde la independencia, pero –para tener una panoramica mas completa– hay que anadir que este se ha visto alimentado por el inicio de la explotacion de petroleo a finales de 2003. En este ARI se estudia la conexion entre la explotacion petrolera, la mala gobernanza y el actual conflicto entre el gobierno chadiano y las fuerzas rebeldes establecidas en el este del pais.
External beam radiotherapy versus radical prostatectomy for clinical stage T1-2 prostate cancer: therapeutic implications of stratification by pretreatment PSA levels and biopsy Gleason scores. (1997)

By using biochemical failure as an endpoint, more failures are documented after RP or RT than previously suspected. However, case selection using pretreatment PSA levels and biopsy GS can result in large differences in control rates. Significantly more high-risk patients are treated with RT. By stratifying cases using PSA and biopsy GS, treatment outcome is equivalent after either radiotherapy or surgery. Further follow-up is needed to confirm these findings after 5 years. For low-risk cases, there is no difference between radiotherapy and surgery, even when negative margins are achieved. Positive surgical margins predict for poor outcome even in low-risk cases. Standard radiotherapy alone should not be used for lesions with aggressive features. The outcome in high-risk cases is better with surgery if negative margins are achieved. For such high-risk patients, several new treatment approaches are currently being investigated with either high-dose conformal radiotherapy with or without androgen blockade, or neoadjuvant androgen blockade or radical prostatectomy.
Efficient Densest Subgraph Computation in Evolving Graphs (2015)

Densest subgraph computation has emerged as an important primitive in a wide range of data analysis tasks such as community and event detection. Social media such as Facebook and Twitter are highly dynamic with new friendship links and tweets being generated incessantly, calling for efficient algorithms that can handle very large and highly dynamic input data. While either scalable or dynamic algorithms for finding densest subgraphs have been proposed, a viable and satisfactory solution for addressing both the dynamic aspect of the input data and its large size is still missing. We study the densest subgraph problem in the the dynamic graph model, for which we present the first scalable algorithm with provable guarantees. In our model, edges are added adversarially while they are removed uniformly at random from the current graph. We show that at any point in time we are able to maintain a 2(1+ε)-approximation of a current densest subgraph, while requiring O(polylog(n+r)) amortized cost per update (with high probability), where r is the total number of update operations executed and n is the maximum number of nodes in the graph. In contrast, a naive algorithm that recomputes a dense subgraph every time the graph changes requires Omega(m) work per update, where m is the number of edges in the current graph. Our theoretical analysis is complemented with an extensive experimental evaluation on large real-world graphs showing that (approximate) densest subgraphs can be maintained efficiently within hundred of microseconds per update.
Semiótica y comparatismo. La búsqueda de sentido como narración (2012)

Our paper is based on the idea that every text is pregnant, in different ways, with the culture in which it was born, embodying the temporality of its construction and its interpretation. This idea, which governs a major part of Jurij M. Lotman’s semiotic thought, suggests that each culture tends to be organized in a certain way, generating models of culture that produce their own texts. In this sense we intend to outline some possible features of the (“final”) interpretant to which certain sorts of contemporary narrations can be referred. The narrations under analysis start from the urgencies of reality and then seek their forms, even if this means having to break the consolidated generic molds and resort to hybridization or crossbreeding.
New Chemical Precursors for the Growth of Ferroelectric and Mid-Valent Metal Oxide Films (2014)

Abstract : This proposal seeks to prepare improved chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and atomic layer deposition (ALD) precursors to materials that contain Sr, Ba, and Ti and ALD precursors for the mid-valent oxides MO (M = Mo, W), M2O3 (M = Nb, Ta, Mo, W), and MO2 (M = Nb, Ta, Mo, W). These new precursors will be evaluated in film growth trials of MTiO3 (M = Sr, Ba) and mid-valent metal oxide films. Specific objectives include the synthesis and characterization of Sr, Ba, and Ti precursors containing bis(pyrazolyl)methane-derived ligands and Nb (III), Ta(III), Nb(IV), Ta(IV), Mo(II), W(II), Mo(III), W(III), Mo(IV), and W(IV) precursors with amidate-derived ligands, and ALD growth studies of SrTiO3, BaTiO3, MO, M2O3, and MO2 films using the new precursors. Successful execution of the proposed work would afford optimized CVD and ALD precursors for Sr, Ba, and Ti, demonstration of the ALD growth of crystalline MTiO3 films from these precursors, new precursors for mid-valent oxides of Nb, Ta, Mo, and W, and demonstration of the ALD growth of these oxides. This work would broadly impact research in ferroelectric materials containing based upon SrTiO3 and BaTiO3 and could lead to breakthroughs in the development of resistive memory devices.
Simplification of olfactory stimuli in pseudo-gustatory displays. (2014)

In this paper, we propose a technique that simplifies pseudo-gustatory systems by using the cross-modal effect between vision and olfaction to change only the visual and olfactory stimuli without altering the ingredients of the food. Conventional pseudo-gustatory simulations require one olfactory stimulus for each flavor. In contrast, we hypothesize that the cross-modal effect between vision and olfaction in a pseudo-gustatory presentation can be utilized to reduce the required number of olfactory stimuli, and verify this hypothesis using a pseudo-gustatory display with our proposed method. This pseudo-gustatory display uses the visual-olfactory cross-modal effect and the key scent components decided on the basis of similarity analysis of olfactory perception. We also investigate how users perceive the taste of a drink under various visual and olfactory conditions, both with and without the visual-olfactory interactions. Our results indicate that the cross-modal effect between vision and olfaction can effectively simplify pseudo-gustatory simulations.
Medical Device Interoperability-Assessing the Environment (2007)

As we know, interoperability is an almost nonexistent feature of medical devices. This paper defines interoperability; discusses why the lack of medical device interoperability is a problem, and the scope of the problem. Possible reasons for the lack of medical device interoperability are explored. Numerous benefits to medical device interoperability are outlined and possible risks of maintaining the status quo are predicted.
Synthesis of Terpenoid-Like Bischalcones from α- and β-Ionones and Their Biological Activities (2009)

Ionone-based terpenoid-like bischalcones (3a–h and 4a–h) were synthesized from the reaction of α- and/or β-ionones with aldehyde derivatives in excellent yields. The antibacterial activities of synthesized compounds were screened against human pathogenic micro-organisms by employing the disk-diffusion technique.
Abstract 1003: Improving the functional taxonomy of breast cancer-associated fibroblasts by single-cell RNA sequencing reveals clinically relevant cellular subsets (2018)

Abstract Aim: The traditional tumor cell-centric view of cancer has been replaced in the past years with the appreciation of the importance of the tumor microenvironment for the malignant phenotype. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the main constituent of the breast tumor microenvironment, although the exact origin and role of CAF subpopulations in disease initiation, progression and response to treatment remain unclear. Therefore, cancer therapies targeting CAFs are not available. Methods: Here, we delineate the heterogeneity of CAFs through single-cell RNA sequencing of 768 EPCAM-CD31-CD45-NG2- cells from the MMTV-PyMT mouse model of breast cancer. Results and discussion: Unbiased transcriptional clustering and differential gene expression analysis revealed four populations, with functionally distinct transcriptional profiles. The existence of these cell populations was further validated by immunostaining in experimental and human tumors revealing a preferential localization of each CAF subtype within the tumor microenvironment. Gene profiles specific to each CAF subpopulation held prognostic capability in clinical cohorts and correlated to known functional gene profiles. Our high-resolution comparison of single-cell transcriptomes in CAFs reveals previously unappreciated functional diversity within the tumor microenvironment. Conclusions: Ultimately, our delineation of an improved taxonomy of breast CAFs reveals a previously unappreciated functional diversity within the tumor microenvironment and opens the possibility for biomarker-driven development of new drugs for precision medicine. Citation Format: Michael Bartoschek, Kristian Pietras. Improving the functional taxonomy of breast cancer-associated fibroblasts by single-cell RNA sequencing reveals clinically relevant cellular subsets [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1003.