gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Superresolution Three-Dimensional Images of Fluorescence in Cells with Minimal Light Exposure (1995)

Fluorescent probes offer insight into the highly localized and rapid molecular events that underlie cell function. However, methods are required that can efficiently transform the limited signals from such probes into high-resolution images. An algorithm has now been developed that produces highly accurate images of fluorescent probe distribution inside cells with minimal light exposure and a conventional light microscope. This method provides resolution nearly four times greater than that currently available from any fluorescence microscope and was used to study several biological problems.
Specific Chemiluminescence from Singlet Oxygen Generated by the Reaction of Acetonitrile and Hydrogen Peroxide in the Presence of Alkali Halide (2008)

Abstract We developed a detection apparatus, equipped with two photomultiplier tubes, for chemiluminescence from singlet oxygen: the dimol light emission (ca. 634 nm) and the monomol light emission (ca. 1270 nm). Singlet oxygen was generated by reactions between sodium hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide and between acetonitrile and hydrogen peroxide, and the dimol and monomol chemiluminescence emission were simultaneously observed using the apparatus. It was found that the chemiluminescence of the monomol emission in the acetonitrile system was enhanced in the presence of alkali halides and lasted more than 1.5 h, while the dimol emission in the acetonitrile system and the dimol and monomol emission in the hypochlorite system were not affected by the presence of alkali halide. The effects of antioxidants and nucleosides on monomol chemiluminescence in the acetonitrile system were examined. The specific chemiluminescence of the monomol emission of singlet oxygen in the acetonitrile system in the presence of alkali halides and the initial data concerning antioxidants and nucleosides will be useful in the design of new analytical systems or in elucidating the mechanism of chemiluminescence emission from singlet oxygen.
A New System for Computer-Aided Preoperative Planning and Intraoperative Navigation During Corrective Jaw Surgery (2007)

A new system for computer-aided corrective surgery of the jaws has been developed and introduced clinically. It combines three-dimensional (3-D) surgical planning with conventional dental occlusion planning. The developed software allows simulating the surgical correction on virtual 3-D models of the facial skeleton generated from computed tomography (CT) scans. Surgery planning and simulation include dynamic cephalometry, semi-automatic mirroring, interactive cutting of bone and segment repositioning. By coupling the software with a tracking system and with the help of a special registration procedure, we are able to acquire dental occlusion plans from plaster model mounts. Upon completion of the surgical plan, the setup is used to manufacture positioning splints for intraoperative guidance. The system provides further intraoperative assistance with the help of a display showing jaw positions and 3-D positioning guides updated in real time during the surgical procedure. The proposed approach offers the advantages of 3-D visualization and tracking technology without sacrificing long-proven cast-based techniques for dental occlusion evaluation. The system has been applied on one patient. Throughout this procedure, we have experienced improved assessment of pathology, increased precision, and augmented control.
Stochastic photon transport model in multilayer skin tissue: using reflectance spectroscopy measurements to model normal and bruised skins (2012)

We have developed a stochastic photon transport model in multilayer skin tissue in an effort to study normal and bruised skins. The model uses a detailed seven layer skin approximation allowing more biologically relevant input than previous models using one or three layers. Our model is improved with clinically obtained reactance spectra in an effort to develop time correlations of chromophore concentrations in developing bruises. This combination of modeling and spectroscopic measurements provides a new tool for detailed, non-invasive studies of human skin tissue.
Resistivity behavior of carbon‐black‐filled silicone rubber in cyclic loading experiments (1984)

Abstract Stress–relaxation and cyclic loading behavior of silicone/EC black vulcanizates have been measured at several strains up to 0.8. The first extension is always very different from the subsequent ones. Orientation effects of anisometric carbon particles are starting to play an important role only after a certain elongation has been exceeded. The conductive elastomers can be stabilized by mechanical preconditioning procedures involving cycling at high extensions. The stabilized specimens then behaved nearly reversibly when cycled at strains below about 50% of the previous preconditioning strain. The resistivity‐extension cycle consists of a single peak or a double peak per a strain peak depending on the strain level. The transition from single to double resistivity peaks depends on whether particle orientation takes place during the stretching process, which depends upon the level of strain.
Charged Excitons and Biexcitons in Self‐Organized CdSe Quantum Dots (2001)

The radiative behavior of multi-particle states in single self-organized CdSe quantum dots is investigated by cathodoluminescence. Emission of neutral and negatively charged exciton and biexciton states is shown to form similar cascades. Only the neutral exciton state, however, exhibits a fine-structure splitting induced by shape anisotropies. Detailed calculations in the framework of the eight-band k · p model support the identification of charged multi-exciton states.
Pulmonary Circulation at Exercise (2012)

The pulmonary circulation is a high-flow and low-pressure circuit, with an average resistance of 1 mmHg/min/L in young adults, increasing to 2.5 mmHg/min/L over four to six decades of life. Pulmonary vascular mechanics at exercise are best described by distensible models. Exercise does not appear to affect the time constant of the pulmonary circulation or the longitudinal distribution of resistances. Very high flows are associated with high capillary pressures, up to a 20 to 25 mmHg threshold associated with interstitial lung edema and altered ventilation/perfusion relationships. Pulmonary artery pressures of 40 to 50 mmHg, which can be achieved at maximal exercise, may correspond to the extreme of tolerable right ventricular afterload. Distension of capillaries that decrease resistance may be of adaptative value during exercise, but this is limited by hypoxemia from altered diffusion/perfusion relationships. Exercise in hypoxia is associated with higher pulmonary vascular pressures and lower maximal cardiac output, with increased likelihood of right ventricular function limitation and altered gas exchange by interstitial lung edema. Pharmacological interventions aimed at the reduction of pulmonary vascular tone have little effect on pulmonary vascular pressure-flow relationships in normoxia, but may decrease resistance in hypoxia, unloading the right ventricle and thereby improving exercise capacity. Exercise in patients with pulmonary hypertension is associated with sharp increases in pulmonary artery pressure and a right ventricular limitation of aerobic capacity. Exercise stress testing to determine multipoint pulmonary vascular pressures-flow relationships may uncover early stage pulmonary vascular disease.
ι-Carrageenan nanocomposites for enhanced stability and oral bioavailability of curcumin (2021)

Enhanced intestinal permeability of Cur can be applied in various health care facilities with significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects compared with nonformulated Cur. Since the CRN composed of nanocomposites has a high molecular weight, high viscosity, and sulfate groups, it will be a platform that can increase the bioavailability of various insoluble drugs as well as Cur.
Total Synthesis of Archaeal 72-Membered Macrocyclic Tetraether Lipids (1998)

Total synthesis of archaeal 72-membered macrocyclic tetraether lipids 3a and 3b is reported. The synthesis was principally composed of preparation of the functionalized half-sized diether compounds 11 and 15 first followed by appropriate dimerization through Julia coupling and final macrocyclization of the crucial dialdehydes 23 and 31 by McMurry coupling. This strategy appeared to be advantageous for the stereoselective synthesis of both natural 72-membered tetraether lipids 3a and 3b using common synthetic intermediates. In addition, this approach was so designed that its synthetic flexibility would allow construction of unnatural structural variants for physicochemical studies. Also described are the results of differential scanning calorimetric analysis of the synthesized lipids 3a and 3b. Both 3a and 3b showed almost the same phase behavior with the broad endothermic phase transition at -53 degrees C. The enthalpy of the phase transition, DeltaH, was estimated to be 1.8 and 1.9 kcal/mol for 3a and 3b, respectively. The physicochemical as well as polymorphismic properties of 3a and 3b turned out to be indistinguishable despite of their regioisomeric structures. The physical structure of the phases in terms of the chemical structure is also discussed.
Digital Measurements of the Speed Variations of Shock Waves by Means of Microwaves (1969)

The thermodynamic state of the flow within a diaphragm shock tube, or within that provided by a shock tube used to drive a tunnel, can be determined precisely only if the variations in shock front velocity within the tube are known accurately. A method of shock velocity measurement applicable to this problem has been developed which makes use of the Doppler effect measured in microwave signals reflected from the ionized shock front. The system employs electronic counting of a given number (n) of periods of the Doppler beat between the emitted and reflected wave trains. Contiguous time measurements corresponding to consecutive shock traversals of the distance n(λi/2) (wherein λi is wavelength within the shock tube) are recorded by an appropriate number of sequentially operated counters. The microwave energy is introduced into the shock tube by a loop antenna which is located in such a way that it neither protrudes into the tube nor interferes with the flow of gas. A few typical experimental results demonstrate the applicability of the method at Mach numbers of 8 and above. The method provides velocity measurements over 85-cm reference distances with limits of error of the order of one part in 103. Accuracy can be improved by employing higher-frequency counters.
A novel high-density 5F/sup 2/ NAND STI cell technology suitable for 256 Mbit and 1 Gbit flash memories (2002)

This paper describes a novel high density 5F/sup 2/ (F: feature size) NAND STI cell technology which has been developed for a low bit-cost flash memories. The extremely small cell size of 0.31 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ has been obtained for the 0.25 um design rule. To minimize the cell size, a floating gate is isolated with a shallow trench isolation (STI) and a slit formation by a novel SiN spacer process, which has made it possible to realize a 0.55 /spl mu/m-pitch isolation at a 0.25 /spl mu/m design rule. Another structural feature integral to the cell and its small size is the borderless bit-line and source-line contacts which are self-aligned with the select-gate. The proposed NAND cell with the gate length of 0.2 /spl mu/m and the isolation space of 0.25 /spl mu/m shows a normal operation as a transistor without any punch-through. Therefore, this 5F/sup 2/ NAND STI cell technology is essential to realize a low cost flash memories of 256 Mbit and 1 Gbit for mass-storage applications.
Purification and Characterization of Glycosphingolipid-Specific Endoglycosidases (Endoglycoceramidases) from a Mutant Strain of Rhodococcus sp (1989)

Two molecular species of endoglycoceramidase (designated as endoglycoceramidases I and II) were purified 32,700 and 43,000 times with overall recoveries of 4.8 and 2.9%, respectively, from a culture fluid of the mutant strain M-750 of Rhodococcus sp., cultivated in the absence of inducers (ganglioside). After being stained with Coomassie Brilliant Blue or a silver-staining solution, each purified enzyme showed a single protein band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence and absence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The apparent molecular weights, as estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, were 55,900 for endoglycoceramidase I and 58,900 for endoglycoceramidase II, and their pIs were 5.3 and 4.5, respectively. both were capable of hydrolyzing the glucosylceramide linkage of ganglio-type, lacto-type, and globo-type glycosphingolipids to afford intact oligosaccharides and ceramides. Globo-type glycosphingolipids were strongly resistant to hydrolysis by endoglycoceramidase II in comparison with endoglycoceramidase I. Neither could hydrolyze gala-type glycosphingolipids, cerebrosides, sulfatides, glycoglycerolipids, or sphingomyelins. In addition to these two enzymes, the strain M-750 produced a third minor molecular species of endoglycoceramidase designated as endoglycoceramidase III. It was found capable of specifically hydrolyzing the galactosylceramide linkage of gala-type glycosphingolipids that were not hydrolyzable at all by endoglycoceramidases I or II. The molecular weights of the oligosaccharide and ceramide released from asialo GM1, incubated either in normal H2O or H2(18)O with the enzyme, were compared by fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry. The result clearly indicated that both endoglycoceramidases I and II hydrolyze the glycosidic linkage between the oligosaccharide and ceramide. Thus, a systematic name of the endoglycoceramidase should be glycosyl-N-acyl-sphingosine 1,1-beta-D-glucanohydrolase.
Neuroprotective therapy in Parkinson's disease and motor complications: A search for a pathogenesis-targeted, disease-modifying strategy (2005)

The introduction of levodopa in the late 1960s represented a landmark in the therapy of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, motor complications of chronic levodopa therapy have emerged as a major limitation of this otherwise effective therapy. Advancing medical and surgical treatment of these complications has been the main objective of clinical trials during the past few decades. In addition, basic research has focused on better understanding of the mechanisms of motor complications and how to prevent them. Slowing or delaying the progression of the disease delays the need for levodopa therapy; therefore, neuroprotective strategies may play an important role in preventing the onset and reducing the severity of levodopa-related adverse effects. In this introductory review, we present the rationale for current and experimental therapies designed to favorably modify the progression of PD. If implemented early in the course of the disease, such treatments, if found effective, may not only alter the natural progression of the disease but may also delay or minimize motor and nonmotor complications associated with levodopa.
A heuristic for the two-machine no-wait openshop scheduling problem (1999)

In this paper the problem of minimizing makespan in a two-machine openshop is examined. A heuristic algorithm is proposed, and its worst case performance ratio and complexity are analyzed. The average case performance is evaluated using an empirical study. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 46: 129–145, 1999
Dynamic Movement of the Calcium Sensor STIM1 and the Calcium Channel Orai1 in Activated T-Cells: Puncta and Distal Caps (2008)

The proteins STIM1 and Orai1 are the long sought components of the store-operated channels required in T-cell activation. However, little is known about the interaction of these proteins in T-cells after engagement of the T-cell receptor. We found that T-cell receptor engagement caused STIM1 and Orai1 to colocalize in puncta near the site of stimulation and accumulate in a dense structure on the opposite side of the T-cell. FRET measurements showed a close interaction between STIM1 and Orai1 both in the puncta and in the dense cap-like structure. The formation of cap-like structures did not entail rearrangement of the entire endoplasmic reticulum. Cap formation depended on TCR engagement and tyrosine phosphorylation, but not on channel activity or Ca(2+) influx. These caps were very dynamic in T-cells activated by contact with superantigen pulsed B-cells and could move from the distal pole to an existing or a newly forming immunological synapse. One function of this cap may be to provide preassembled Ca(2+) channel components to existing and newly forming immunological synapses.
SU‐E‐J‐113: Effects of Deformable Registration On First‐Order Texture Maps Calculated From Thoracic Lung CT Scans (2015)

Purpose: To determine the stability of eight first‐order texture features following the deformable registration of serial computed tomography (CT) scans. Methods: CT scans at two different time points from 10 patients deemed to have no lung abnormalities by a radiologist were collected. Following lung segmentation using an in‐house program, texture maps were calculated from 32×32‐pixel regions of interest centered at every pixel in the lungs. The texture feature value of the ROI was assigned to the center pixel of the ROI in the corresponding location of the texture map. Pixels in the square ROI not contained within the segmented lung were not included in the calculation. To quantify the agreement between ROI texture features in corresponding pixels of the baseline and follow‐up texture maps, the Fraunhofer MEVIS EMPIRE10 deformable registration algorithm was used to register the baseline and follow‐up scans. Bland‐Altman analysis was used to compare registered scan pairs by computing normalized bias (nBias), defined as the feature value change normalized to the mean feature value, and normalized range of agreement (nRoA), defined as the range spanned by the 95% limits of agreement normalized to the mean feature value. Results: Each patient's scans contained between 6.8–15.4 million ROIs. All of the first‐order features investigated were found to have an nBias value less than 0.04% and an nRoA less than 19%, indicating that the variability introduced by deformable registration was low. Conclusion: The eight first‐order features investigated were found to be registration stable. Changes in CT texture maps could allow for temporal‐spatial evaluation of the evolution of lung abnormalities relating to a variety of diseases on a patient‐by‐patient basis. SGA and HA receives royalties and licensing fees through the University of Chicago for computer‐aided diagnosis technology. Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute Of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number R25GM109439.
Effects of the anthelmintics clorsulon, rafoxanide, mebendazole and arprinocid on Echinostoma caproni in ICR mice (1996)

Female ICR mice, 5 to 6 weeks old, were exposed by stomach tube to 25 metacercarial cysts of Echinostoma caproni per mouse. At 14 days post-exposure, mice were fed by stomach tube clorsulon (1000 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg and 100 mg/ kg) or rafoxanide (50 mg/kg, 25 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg) dissolved in dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) carrier and mebendazole (1000 mg/kg and 500 mg/ kg) or arprinocid (100 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg) suspended in a 2:1 polyethylene glycol (PEG)/DMSO carrier. All drugs were obtained from Merck Inc. (Rahway, New Jersey, USA) and only single dose regimes were used. Experimentally infected mice that served as controls received either DMSO or 2:1 PEG/DMSO carriers or were not given the carrier. Mice were necropsied 15, 16, 18 and 20 days postexposure to worms. Doses of 100 mg/kg of clorsulon and 50 mg/kg of rafoxanide were 100% effective in eliminating the echinostomes on day 1 post-administration of the anthelmintics. Mebendazole and arprinocid were ineffective in eliminating worms at 1 or 2 days post drug administration.
Sex-Determining Cascades in Gonadal Development: Insights from Ovotestes. (2008)

We have performed detailed molecular and cellular analyses of ovotestis development in mice in order to gain further insight into the normal sequence of events in mammalian testis determination and the etiology of XY sex reversal. In ovotestes of B6 XYPOS fetuses, testicular cords formed only in the central region of the gonad where SOX9 was up-regulated, even though SRY was expressed throughout the length of these gonads. At the poles the ovary-specific protein FOXL2 was expressed. FOXL2-expressing cells also were found among the SOX9-positive pre-Sertoli cells in the central region of B6 XYPOS ovotestes. Our results demonstrate that 1. Both timing and levels of SRY expression are critical for SOX9 expression, and that SOX9, not SRY, is the pivotal determinant of sex differentiation in mice, 2. An active ovarian-determining pathway operates from an early stage in gonadal development, 3. The ovarian pathway is normally suppressed in XY gonads by the action of SOX9, and 4. Compromise of the testis-determining pathway can tip the balance in favour of ovary development.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Integration of electric, calcium, reactive oxygen species and hydraulic signals during rapid systemic signaling in plants. (2021)

The sensing of abiotic stress, mechanical injury, or pathogen attack by a single plant tissue results in the activation of systemic signals that travel from the affected tissue to the entire plant. This process is essential for plant survival during stress and is termed systemic signaling. Among the different signals triggered during this process are calcium, electric, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and hydraulic signals. These are thought to propagate at rapid rates through the plant vascular bundles and to regulate many of the systemic processes essential for plant survival. Although the different signals activated during systemic signaling are thought to be interlinked, their coordination and hierarchy remain to be determined. Here, using a combination of advanced whole-plant imaging and hydraulic pressure measurements, we studied the activation of all four systemic signals in wild type and different Arabidopsis thaliana mutants subjected to a local treatment of high light (HL) stress or wounding. Our findings reveal that activation of systemic membrane potential, calcium, ROS, and hydraulic pressure signals, in response to wounding, is dependent on glutamate receptor-like (GLR) proteins 3.3 and 3.6. In contrast, in response to HL stress, systemic changes in calcium and membrane potential depended on GLR 3.3 and 3.6, while systemic hydraulic signals did not. We further show that plasmodesmata functions are required for systemic changes in membrane potential and calcium during responses to HL stress or wounding. Our findings shed new light on the different mechanisms that integrate different systemic signals in plants during stress.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. PMID: 34058040
Synthesis of sodium [11C]thiocyanate using [11C]cyanogen bromide (1994)

Abstract A method for the preparation of sodium ( 11 C]thiocyanate from [ 11 C]cyanogen bromide and sodium sulfide is described. Sodium [ 11 C]thiocyanate was obtained in 94% decay‐corrected radiochemical yield with a specific radioactivity of 122 GBq μmol −1 (3.3 Ci μmol −1 ) in a synthesis time of 21 minutes. The sodium [ 11 C]thiocyanate was used in the synthesis of ethyl‐, isopropyl‐, and benzyl [ 11 C]thiocyanate in 78, 71 and 84% radiochemical yields, respectively.