gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
METAL-POOR LITHIUM-RICH GIANTS IN THE RAVE SURVEY 1 (2011)

We report the discovery of eight lithium-rich field giants found in a high resolution spectroscopic sample of over 700 metal-poor stars ([Fe/H] < 0.5) selected from the RAVE survey. The majority of the Li-rich giants in our sample are very metal-poor ([Fe/H] < � 1.9), and have a Li abundance (in the form of 7 Li), A(Li) = log(n(Li)/n(H)) + 12, between 2.30 and 3.63, well above the typical upper red giant branch limit, A(Li) < 0.5, while two stars, with A(Li) � 1.7 1.8, show similar lithium abundances to normal giants at the same gravity. We further included two metal-poor, Lirich globular cluster giants in our sample, namely the previously discovered M3-IV101 and newly discovered (in this work) M68-A96. This comprises the largest sample of metal-poor Li-rich giants to date. We performed a detailed abundance analysis of all stars, finding that the majority our sample stars have elemental abundances similar to that of Li-normal halo giants. Although the evolutionary phase of each Li-rich giant cannot be definitively determined, the Li-rich phase is likely connected to extra mixing at the red giant branch bump or early asymptotic giant branch that triggers cool bottom processing in which the bottom of the outer convective envelope is connected to the H-burning shell in the star. The surface of a star becomes Li-enhanced as 7 Be (which burns to 7 Li) is transported to the stellar surface via the Cameron-Fowler mechanism. We discuss and discriminate among several models for the extra mixing that can cause Li-production, given the detailed abundances of the Li-rich giants in our sample. Subject headings: stars: abundances — stars: late-type — stars: Population II — globular clusters: individual (M68,M3)
Applied fractal method to measurement of flocculation in wastewater treatment process (2002)

A fractal method is applied to a measurement technique for complicated patterns of floc in a wastewater treatment process in this study. A fractal dimension is calculated in a simple procedure using online sampled image data taken by ITV camera in a flocculation process. The image data indicate complicated patterns and they are numerated with the fractal dimension. The more complicated the pattern is, the bigger the fractal dimension is. When the fractal dimension is maximum, the density and the size of floc are also maximum, and the water content of floc is minimum. Experimental data testify that the proposed fractal method is useful for the wastewater treatment process in a food producing factory.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
[EXPERIMENTAL MODELS OF ALCOHOLIC NEUROPATHY IN RATS.] (2018)

The aim of this work was to study the behavioral and histopathomorphological signs of peripheral neuropathy development in male Wistar rats on the model of alcoholic neuropathy. Chronic consumption of ethanol solution with concentration increasing from 7.47 to 26.2% (w/w) resulted in neuropathy (allodynia) de- velopment after 8 weeks of chronic alcohol administration. The behavioral signs of allodynia became significant on the 8th week and were retained up to the end of experiment (15 weeks of ethanol administration). The reference drug gabapentin effectively reduced the manifestation of allodinia. Histological exami- nation of sciatic nerve preparations from animals killed after ethanol consumption for 5, 10 and 15 weeks revealed the development of histopathomorphological pattern with increasing duration of chronic alcoholization. At the initial stage, the morphological basis of observed behavioral manifestations was provided by excess lipid deposition in peri/epineurium of nerve specimens). The further increase in treatment duration (up to 10 and 15 weeks) was associated with demye- lination and development of inflammation of the sciatic nerve. This experimental model allows one to investigate the efficacy of new neuroprotective and ana- lgesic substances - potential drugs for both prevention and management of neuropathy.
Mucinous adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum: A genomic analysis (2019)

Mucinous CRC has some distinct genomic aberrations when compared with non-mucinous adenocarcinoma, many of which are driven by the increased frequency of MSI-H tumors. These genomic aberrations may play an important part in the difference seen in response to treatment and prognosis in mucinous adenocarcinoma.
Osteocalcin expressing cells from tendon sheaths in mice contribute to tendon repair by activating Hedgehog signaling (2017)

Both extrinsic and intrinsic tissues contribute to tendon repair, but the origin and molecular functions of extrinsic tissues in tendon repair are not fully understood. Here we show that tendon sheath cells harbor stem/progenitor cell properties and contribute to tendon repair by activating Hedgehog signaling. We found that <i>Osteocalcin</i> (<i>Bglap</i>) can be used as an adult tendon-sheath-specific marker in mice. Lineage tracing experiments show that <i>Bglap</i>-expressing cells in adult sheath tissues possess clonogenic and multipotent properties comparable to those of stem/progenitor cells isolated from tendon fibers. Transplantation of sheath tissues improves tendon repair. Mechanistically, Hh signaling in sheath tissues is necessary and sufficient to promote the proliferation of <i>Mkx</i>-expressing cells in sheath tissues, and its action is mediated through TGFβ/Smad3 signaling. Furthermore, co-localization of GLI1<sup>+</sup> and MKX<sup>+</sup> cells is also found in human tendinopathy specimens. Our work reveals the molecular function of Hh signaling in extrinsic sheath tissues for tendon repair.
Asparagine β-hydroxylation stabilizes the ankyrin repeat domain fold (2008)

Ankyrin repeats (ARs) are one of the most common structural motifs among eukaryotic proteins. Recent analyses have shown that factor inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor (FIH) catalyses the hydroxylation of highly conserved Asn-residues within ankyrin repeat domains (ARDs). However, the effect of Asn-hydroxylation on ARD structure is unknown. Supporting the proposal that FIH-mediated ARD hydroxylation is ubiquitous we report that consensus ARD proteins are FIH substrates both in vitro and in vivo. X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that hydroxylation does not alter the archetypical ARD conformation in the crystalline state. However, other biophysical analyses revealed that hydroxylation significantly stabilizes the ARD fold in solution. We propose that intracellular protein hydroxylation is much more common than previously thought and that one of its roles is stabilization of localized regions of ARD folds.
Phase I Trial of Single-Dose Temozolomide and Continuous Administration of O6-Benzylguanine in Children with Brain Tumors: a Pediatric Brain Tumor Consortium Report (2007)

The current schedule of temozolomide and O(6)-benzylguanine is safe and showed modest activity against recurrent brain tumors in children.
Polarization-dependent phenomena in the reflectivity spectra of semiconductor quantum microcavities (1997)

Angular-dependent reflectivity techniques are employed to probe the exciton-polariton states of a semiconductor quantum microcavity. The spectra exhibit marked polarization dependence, with the energies, line widths, and intensities all differing between transverse-electric and transverse-magnetic polarizations, consistent with the predictions of transfer-matrix simulations. In addition, anomalous narrowing of the spectra on resonance, broadening of the cavity mode by interaction with exciton continuum states and interaction of the cavity mode with quantum-well excited-state transitions are reported.
A chemical looping process for hydrogen production using iron-containing perovskites (2011)

A comparison is made between La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3−δ and La0.7Sr0.3FeO3−δ perovskite-type oxides, co-precipitated iron oxide (60% Fe2O3/Al2O3) and supported nickel oxide (20% NiO/Al2O3) as oxygen carrier materials for the water-gas shift reaction in a chemical looping process with the goal of steady production of hydrogen over more than 100 redox cycles. A temperature programmed survey of redox activity over five cycles was used to confirm the potential of the materials as oxygen carriers for this reaction and give some idea of appropriate temperatures for operation. Isothermal redox cycles at 850 °C were performed with the most promising materials, 60% Fe2O3/Al2O3 and La0.7Sr0.3FeO3-δ. Initially the 60% Fe2O3/Al2O3 produced over double the amount of hydrogen (on a mass basis) compared to La0.7Sr0.3FeO3-δ, but following 150 cycles performances from both materials were similar. More importantly, the perovskite material showed a steady hydrogen production over more than 100 cycles whereas the 60% Fe2O3/Al2O3 never showed steady hydrogen production. It can be concluded that La0.7Sr0.3FeO3−δ is an attractive material for the chemical looping water-gas shift process.
Breaking the Central Dogma by RNA Editing (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Characterization of the CD177 interaction with the ANCA antigen proteinase 3 (2017)

Proteinase 3 is a serine protease found in neutrophil granules and on the extracellular neutrophil membrane (mPR3). mPR3 is a major antigen for anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (PR3-ANCAs), autoantibodies causing fatal autoimmune diseases. In most individuals, a subpopulation of neutrophils also produce CD177, proposed to present additional PR3 on the surface, resulting in CD177<sup>neg</sup>/mPR3<sup>low</sup> and CD177<sup>pos</sup>/mPR3<sup>high</sup> neutrophil subsets. A positive correlation has been shown between mPR3 abundance, disease incidence, and clinical outcome. We present here a detailed investigation of the PR3:CD177 complex, verifying the interaction, demonstrating the effect of binding on PR3 proteolytic activity and explaining the accessibility of major PR3-ANCA epitopes. We observed high affinity PR3:CD177 complex formation by surface plasmon resonance. Using flow cytometry and a PR3-specific FRET assay, we found that CD177 binding reduced the proteolytic activity of PR3 in vitro using purified proteins, in neutrophil degranulation supernatants containing wtPR3 and directly on mPR3<sup>high</sup> neutrophils and PR3-loaded HEK cells. Finally, CD177<sup>pos</sup>/mPR3<sup>high</sup> neutrophils showed no migration advantage in vitro or in vivo when migrating from the blood into the oral cavity. We illuminate details of the PR3:CD177 interaction explaining mPR3 membrane orientation and proteolytic activity with relevance to ANCA activation of the distinct mPR3 neutrophil populations.
Donor-acceptor tetrahydrochrysenes, inherently fluorescent, high-affinity ligands for the estrogen receptor: binding and fluorescence characteristics and fluorometric assay of receptor (1992)

We have examined the binding behavior and fluorescence characteristics of a series of novel ligands for the estrogen receptor (ER). These ligands are derivatives of 5,6,11,12-tetrahydrochrysene (THC), a structure that embodies a stilbene chromophore, found in many nonsteroidal estrogens, within a rigid tetracyclic system where it cannot easily be distorted from planarity, thus providing the conjugation and rigidity required for efficient fluorescence. Additional steric bulk, as trans-disposed ethyl substituents at the internal C-5 and C-11 positions, is required for the highest relative binding affinity (RBA), and the trans-5,11-diethyl-2,8-dihydroxy-THC derivative binds to ER with an affinity greater than that of estradiol. The replacement of one of the phenolic hydroxyl groups of this THC derivative with an electron-withdrawing group (COMe, COOMe, CONH2, CN, or NO2) yields unsymmetrical THCs with binding affinities 15-40% that of estradiol (E2). The fluorescence emission shifts from about 380 nm for the dihydroxy THC to 475-688 nm for the donor-acceptor THCs. The emission of these donor-acceptor THCs is highly solvatochromic and shifts to longer wavelengths as the solvent polarity increases. In ethanol, the fluorescence quantum yield of the first four of these compounds is high (phi f = 0.43-0.69), but the fifth compound, the nitro-THC, is almost nonemissive in protic solvents. When they are incubated with protein solutions containing ER (approximately 10(-9) M), the emission from the donor-acceptor THCs bound specifically to ER is in the 500-570-nm range, whereas fluorescence from non-receptor-bound fluorophores is in the 425-460-nm range. Thus, fluorescence from these probes bound specifically to ER could be measured under equilibrium conditions as well as after the removal of free and non-receptor-bound material by treatment with charcoal-dextran. This is one of the first demonstrations of ligands whose fluorescence is distinctly different when free, when bound to ER, or when bound to non-receptor proteins. It is also the first demonstration of ER assay by fluorescence under equilibrium conditions.
Sr1−xCaxTiO3: AnXYQuantum Ferroelectric with Transition to Randomness (1984)

A series of twenty homogeneous ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Ca}}_{x}\mathrm{Ti}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ mixed crystals has been measured dielectrically between 4.2 and 300 K. In the tetragonal phase, the dielectric constant perpendicular to the $c$ axis becomes peaked above ${x}_{c}=0.0018$, the quantum mechanical onset for displacive ferroelectricity. The polarization $\ensuremath{\perp}c$ can be switched between the two equivalent $a$ axes, i.e., the system is an $\mathrm{XY}$, $n=2$, quantum ferroelectric. Above ${x}_{r}=0.016\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.002$, the $\ensuremath{\epsilon}(T)$ peaks round in a distinct manner which we attribute to the onset of a random-field-induced domain state.
Temperature dependence of the magnetic excitations inLa1.85Sr0.15CuO4(Tc=33 K) (1989)

Using neutron-scattering techniques, we have studied the temperature dependence of the magnetic excitations at varied energies in a high-quality single crystal of ${\mathrm{La}}_{1.85}$${\mathrm{Sr}}_{0.15}$${\mathrm{CuO}}_{4}$. This crystal exhibits a sharp superconducting transition at 33 K with nearly 100% flux exclusion. For magnetic excitation energies of 9 meV and lower, the intensity drops dramatically with decreasing temperature for temperatures below \ensuremath{\sim}150 K. However, at 12 MeV the intensity is independent of temperature between 300 and 5 K.
Quantification of the Impact of Uncertainties in Operating Conditions on the Flame Transfer Function With Nonintrusive Polynomial Chaos Expansion (2018)

Abstract Nonintrusive polynomial chaos expansion (NIPCE) is used to quantify the impact of uncertainties in operating conditions on the flame transfer function (FTF) of a premixed laminar flame. NIPCE requires only a small number of system evaluations, so it can be applied in cases where a Monte Carlo simulation is unfeasible. We consider three uncertain operating parameters: inlet velocity, burner plate temperature, and equivalence ratio. The FTF is identified in terms of the finite impulse response (FIR) from computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations with broadband velocity excitation. NIPCE yields uncertainties in the FTF due to the uncertain operating conditions. For the chosen uncertain operating bounds, a second-order expansion is found to be sufficient to represent the resulting uncertainties in the FTF with good accuracy. The effect of each operating parameter on the FTF is studied using Sobol indices, i.e., a variance-based measure of sensitivity, which are computed from the NIPCE. It is observed that in the present case, uncertainties in the FIR as well as in the phase of the FTF are dominated by the equivalence-ratio uncertainty. For frequencies below 150 Hz, the uncertainty in the gain of the FTF is also attributable to the uncertainty in equivalence-ratio, but for higher frequencies, the uncertainties in velocity and temperature dominate. At last, we adopt the polynomial approximation of the output quantity, provided by the NIPCE method, for further uncertainty quantification (UQ) studies with modified input uncertainties.
Elp1 is required for development of visceral sensory peripheral and central circuitry (2022)

Abstract Cardiovascular instability and a blunted respiratory drive in hypoxic conditions, are hallmark features of the genetic sensory and autonomic neuropathy, familial dysautonomia (FD). FD results from a mutation in the gene ELP1 , whose encoded protein is a scaffolding subunit of the six subunit Elongator complex. In mice, we and others have shown that Elp1 is essential for the normal development of neural crest derived-dorsal root ganglia (DRG) sensory neurons. Whether Elp1 is also required for development of ectodermal placode-derived visceral sensory receptors which are required for normal baroreception and chemosensory responses, has not been investigated. Using mouse models for FD, our data indicate that in fact the entire circuitry underlying baroreception and chemoreception is impaired due to a requirement for Elp1 not only in the visceral sensory neuron ganglia, but also for normal peripheral target innervation, and in their CNS synaptic partners in the medulla. Thus Elp1 is required in both placode- and neural crest-derived sensory neurons and its reduction aborts the normal development of neuronal circuitry essential for autonomic homeostasis and interoception. Summary statement Due to faulty afferent sensory signaling, patients with Familial dysautonomia (FD) have a diminished sensory arm of the baroreflex which would normally modulate blood pressure, and they have a blunted response to hypoxia and hypercapnia (Norcliffe-Kaufmann et al. 2010). Using mouse models for FD, we reveal here the underlying pathology which may underlie these severely impaired homeostatic reflex pathways in FD.
High frequency dynamics of order flow (2013)

In this paper, we focus on the high frequency dynamics of limit order flow and market order flow. We compared the fitting performance of different models for the inter-arrival time of the order flow, including exponential distribution, gamma distribution and power law. We then studied the dependence of the placement of these two order flows, which can be captured by the self-excitation effect and mutual-excitation effect of Hawkes process. We also introduced a new model which combines the Hawkes features with the gamma distribution. Key words: High frequency dynamics; order flow; market microstructure; maximum likelihood estimation; Hawkes process; Hawkes-Gamma distribution.
Management of intelligent learning agents in distributed data mining systems (1999)

Data mining systems aim to discover patterns and extract useful information from facts recorded in databases. One means of acquiring knowledge from databases is to apply various machine learning algorithms that compute descriptive representations of the data as well as patterns that may be exhibited in the data. 
Most of the current generation of learning algorithms, however, are computationally complex and require all data to be resident in main memory which is clearly untenable for many realistic problems and databases. In this dissertation we investigate data mining techniques that scale up to large and physically distributed data sets. Specifically, we describe the JAM system (Java Agents for Meta-learning), an extensible agent-based distributed data mining system that supports the remote dispatch and exchange of agents among participating data sites and employs meta-learning techniques to combine the multiple models that are learned. Several important desiderata of data mining systems are addressed (i.e., scalability, efficiency, portability, compatibility, adaptivity, extensibility and effectiveness) and a combination of AI-based methods and distributed systems techniques are presented. 
We applied JAM on the real-world data mining task of modeling and detecting credit card fraud with notable success. Inductive learning agents are used to compute detectors of anomalous or errant behavior over inherently distributed data sets and meta-learning methods integrate their collective knowledge into higher level classification models or meta-classifiers. By supporting the exchange of models or classifier agents among data sites, our approach facilitates the cooperation between financial organizations and provides unified and cross-institution protection mechanisms against fraudulent transactions.
Laser‐induced fluorescence of coumarin derivatives in aqueous solution: Photochemical aspects for single molecule detection (1997)

The efficiency of detecting a single fluorescent coumarin dye molecule in aqueous solution by one-photon excitation (OPE) at 350 nm as well as by coherent two-photon excitation (TPE) at 700 nm is studied. The photostability, which is crucial for single molecule detection (SMD), is determined at a low irradiance for various coumarin derivatives using a ‘cell-bleaching’ method. The yields of photobleaching for these coumarins in aqueous solution are in the order of 10−3 to 10−4. Thus, most of the dyes are sufficiently stable to allow SMD. However, for SMD in a fluorescence microscope a high quasi-CW irradiance (at least 104 W cm−2) is necessary for efficient OPE by a pulsed, frequency doubled titanium:sapphire laser. Detailed investigations on the dye Coumarin-120 using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS), different repetition rates of the laser and transient absorption spectroscopy (TRABS) gave clear evidence that OPE at a high irradiance results in two-step photolysis via the first electronic excited singlet and triplet state, S1 and T1, producing dye radical ions and solvated electrons. Hence, this additional photobleaching pathway limits the applicable irradiance for OPE. Using coherent TPE for single molecule detection, saturation of the fluorescence was observed for a high quasi-CW irradiance (108 W cm−2), which may also be caused by photobleaching. Furthermore, TPE is deteriorated by other competing nonlinear processes (e.g. continuum generation in the solvent), which only occur above a threshold irradiance (7 × 107 W cm−2). Nevertheless, TPE allows an efficient detection of single Coumarin-120 molecules in water. Using a maximum likelihood estimator, we are also able to identify single dye molecules via their characteristic fluorescence lifetime of 4.8 ± 1.2 ns.
Data from Scalable Manufacturing of CAR T Cells for Cancer Immunotherapy (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;As of April 2021, there are five commercially available chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies for hematologic malignancies. With the current transition of CAR T cell manufacturing from academia to industry, there is a shift toward Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP)–compliant closed and automated systems to ensure reproducibility and to meet the increased demand for patients with cancer. In this review, we describe current CAR T cell clinical manufacturing models and discuss emerging technologic advances that embrace scaling and production optimization. We summarize measures being used to shorten CAR T cell manufacturing times and highlight regulatory challenges to scaling production for clinical use.&lt;/p&gt;Significance:&lt;p&gt;As the demand for CAR T cell cancer therapy increases, several closed and automated production platforms are being deployed, and others are in development. This review provides a critical appraisal of these technologies, which can be leveraged to scale and optimize the production of next-generation CAR T cells.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;See related video:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href="https://aacrjournals.org/content/webinar-car-t-cell-manufacturing" target="_blank"&gt;https://aacrjournals.org/content/webinar-car-t-cell-manufacturing&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;