gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Parametric Mass Modeling for Mars Entry, Descent and Landing System Analysis Study (2011)

This paper provides an overview of the parametric mass models used for the Entry, Descent, and Landing Systems Analysis study conducted by NASA in FY2009-2010. The study examined eight unique exploration class architectures that included elements such as a rigid mid-L/D aeroshell, a lifting hypersonic inflatable decelerator, a drag supersonic inflatable decelerator, a lifting supersonic inflatable decelerator implemented with a skirt, and subsonic/supersonic retro-propulsion. Parametric models used in this study relate the component mass to vehicle dimensions and mission key environmental parameters such as maximum deceleration and total heat load. The use of a parametric mass model allows the simultaneous optimization of trajectory and mass sizing parameters.
<title>Image analysis for face modeling and facial image reconstruction</title> (1990)

We have studied a stereo-based approach to three-dimensional face modeling and facial image reconstruction virtually viewed from different angles. This paper describes the system, especially image analysis and facial shape feature extraction techniques using information about color and position of face and face components, and image histogram and line segment analysis. Using these techniques, the system can get the facial features precisely, automatically and independent of facial image size and face tilting. In our system, input images viewed from the front and side of the face are processed as follows: the input images axe first transformed into a set of color pictures with significant features. Regions are segmented by thresholding or slicing after analyzing the histograms of the pictures. Using knowledge about color and positions of the face, face and hair regions are obtained and facial boundaries extracted. Feature points along the obtained profile are extracted using information about curvature amplitude and sign, and knowledge about distance between the feature points. In the facial areas which include facial components, regions are again segmented by the same techniques with color information from each face component. The component regions are recognized using knowledge of facial component position. In each region, the pictures are filtered with various differential operators, which are selected according to each picture and region. Thinned images are obtained from the filtered images by various image processing and line segment analysis techniques. Then, feature points of the front and side views are extracted. Finally, the size and position differences and facial tilting between two input images are compensated for by matching the common feature points in the two views. Thus, the three-dimensional data of the feature points and the boundaries of the face are acquired. The two base face models, representing a typical Japanese man and woman, are prepared and the model of the same sex is modified with 3D data from the extracted feature points and boundaries in a linear manner. The images, which are virtually viewed from different angles, are reconstructed by mapping facial texture to the modified model.
Synthesis, Decomposition and Crystallization Characteristics of Peroxo−Citrato−Niobium:  An Aqueous Niobium Precursor (1997)

The synthesis of peroxo−citrato−niobium, a novel aqueous precursor of niobium, is reported. Niobium oxalate was decomposed with acidified H2O2 to form a peroxo−niobium complex, which was reacted with citric acid at pH ∼ 7.5 to form the stable peroxo−citrato−niobium complex. IR and Raman spectroscopy indicate that the peroxo−citrato−niobium complex consists of tridentate bridging citrato and bidentate peroxo ligands. The aqueous complex is binuclear with peroxo groups chelated to niobium and the precipitated complex is polynuclear with bridging type peroxo groups. Due to kinetic limitations during crystallization, the formation of seven-coordinated niobium in peroxo−citrato−niobium energetically favors the formation of niobium oxides with seven-coordinated niobium, viz. TT−Nb2O5 and T−Nb2O5. Consequently, nanocrystalline metastable TT−Nb2O5, with a particle size of ∼25 nm, crystallizes from the peroxo−citrato−niobium complex at 580 °C. On further heating, TT−Nb2O5 transforms to T−Nb2O5 at 800 °C, M−Nb2O5 at 1000 °C, and H−Nb2O5 at 1200 °C. The nanometric particle size is retained after heating to 1200 °C and H−Nb2O5 has an average crystallite size of 53 nm.
The One about how to give Better Feedback (2019)

One famous review on feedback studies found that 38% of feedback interventions actually do more harm than good (#25). As a result this topic has been studied extensively. It is just too important to get it wrong or to not know the potential implications.
Spin pumping in Co56Fe24B20multilayer systems (2008)

Broadband in-plane ferromagnetic resonance measurements were performed over a frequency range from 7 to 40 GHz on various Co56Fe24B20 systems with adjacent thin non-magnetic layers of Ru, Ta and Cu. Co56Fe24B20 samples bounded by either Ru or Ta layers exhibit a contribution to the Gilbert damping constant inversely proportional to the thickness of the Co56Fe24B20 layer, consistent with spin-pumping theory. In contrast, samples with 20 nm thick Cu bounding layers did not show a significant dependence of the Gilbert damping constant on the Co56Fe24B20 thickness, which can be understood based on the far larger spin diffusion length of Cu in comparison with Ru or Ta.
Analysis of Phosphopeptide Changes as Spermatozoa Acquire Functional Competence in the Epididymis Demonstrates Changes in the Post-translational Modification of Izumo1 (2012)

Spermatozoa are functionally inert when they emerge from the testes. Functional competence is conferred upon these cells during a post-testicular phase of sperm maturation in the epididymis. Remarkably, this functional transformation of epididymal spermatozoa occurs in the absence of nuclear gene transcription or protein translation. To understand the cellular mechanisms underpinning epididymal maturation, we have performed a label-free, MS-based, comparative quantification of peptides from caput, corpus and caudal epididymal spermatozoa. In total, 68 phosphopeptide changes could be detected during epididymal maturation corresponding to the identification of 22 modified proteins. Included in this list are the sodium-bicarbonate cotransporter, the sperm specific serine kinase 1, AKAP4 and protein kinase A regulatory subunit. Furthermore, four phosphopeptide changes came from Izumo1, the sperm-egg fusion protein, in the cytoplasmic segment of the protein. 2D-PAGE confirmed that Izumo1 is post-translationally modified during epididymal transit. Interestingly, phosphorylation on Izumo1 was detected on residue S339 in the caput and corpus but not caudal cells. Furthermore, Izumo1 exhibited four phosphorylated residues when spermatozoa reached the cauda, which were absent from caput cells. A model is advanced suggesting that these phospho-regulations are likely to act as a scaffold for the association of adaptor proteins with Izumo1 as these cells prepare for fertilization.
Extreme Elevations in Plasma Norepinephrine Associated with Decreased ??-Adrenergic Responsivity in Major Depressive Disorder (1983)

SIEVER, LARRY J. MD; PICKAR, DAVID MD; LAKE, RAYMOND MD; COHEN, ROBERT M. MD; UHDE, THOMAS W. MD; MURPHY, DENNIS L. MD Author Information
The Essential Guide to Image Processing (2007)

The <i>Journal of Electronic Imaging</i> (JEI), copublished bimonthly with the Society for Imaging Science and Technology, publishes peer-reviewed papers that cover research and applications in all areas of electronic imaging science and technology.
Economics: Hydrogen: Fuel of the (far-distant) future? (2017)

In the community and politics, there is a tendency to conflate technically demonstrated projects with economically viable projects. Many technologies can be technically demonstrated, especially if money is no object, but they will always remain not commercially viable. The hydrogen economy is a good example.
DSL : Simulation Techniques and Standards Development for Digital Subscriber Lines (1998)

From the Publisher:
The only book on the market that deals with ADSL technologies at this level, Digital Subscriber Lines: Toward, Above, and Beyond ADSL is ideal for computing professionals who are looking for new high-speed communications technology, who must understand the dynamics of ADSL communications in order to create compliant applications, or who simply want to better understand this new wave of technology.
Includes calculation examples for all signal environments
Covers ADSL and a multitude of other xDSL technologies
Compares and contrasts ADSL to current MODEM-based technologies
ZIC1 Is Downregulated through Promoter Hypermethylation, and Functions as a Tumor Suppressor Gene in Colorectal Cancer (2011)

The transcription factor, Zinc finger of the cerebellum (ZIC1), plays a crucial role in vertebrate development. Recently, ZIC1 has also been found to participate in the progression of human cancers, including medulloblastomas, endometrial cancers, and mesenchymal neoplasms. However, the function of ZIC1 in colon cancer progression has not been defined. In this study, we demonstrate ZIC1 to be silenced or significantly downregulated in colon cancer cell lines. These effects were reversed by demethylation treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (Aza). ZIC1 expression is also significantly downregulated in primary colorectal cancer tissues relative to adjacent non-tumor tissues (p = 0.0001). Furthermore, methylation of ZIC1 gene promoter is frequently detected in primary tumor tissues (85%, 34/40), but not in adjacent non-tumor tissues. Ectopic expression of ZIC1 suppresses cell proliferation and induces apoptosis, which is associated with MAPK and PI(3)K/Akt pathways, as well as the Bcl-xl/Bad/Caspase3 cascade. To identify target candidates of ZIC1, we employed cDNA microarray and found that 337 genes are downregulated and 95 genes upregulated by ectopic expression of ZIC1, which were verified by 10 selected gene expressions by qRT-PCR. Taken together, our results suggest that ZIC1 may potentially function as a tumor suppressor gene, which is downregulated through promoter hypermethylation in colorectal cancers.
Anodic characterization of mercury microelectrodes in electrolytes at the micromolar level (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnodic characterization of mercury microelectrodes in electrolytes at the micromolar levelZbigniew. Stojek and Janet. OsteryoungCite this: Anal. Chem. 1988, 60, 2, 131–136Publication Date (Print):January 15, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 January 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00153a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00153a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views89Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Identifying Elastic and Viscoelastic Material Parameters by Means of a Tikhonov Regularization (2018)

For studying the interaction of displacements, stresses, and acting forces for elastic and viscoelastic materials, it is of utmost importance to have a decent mathematical model available. Usually such a model consists of a coupled set of nonlinear differential equations together with appropriate boundary conditions. However, since the different material classes vary significantly with respect to their physical and mechanical behavior, the parameters which appear in these equations are unknown and therefore have to be determined before the equations can be used for further investigations or simulations. It is this very step which is addressed in this article where we consider elastic as well as viscoelastic material behavior. The idea is to compute the parameters as solutions of a minimization problem for Tikhonov functionals. Tikhonov regularization is a well-established solution technique for tackling inverse problems. On the one hand, it assures a computation that is stable with respect to noisy input data, and on the other hand, it involves desired a priori information on the solution. In this article we develop problem adapted Tikhonov functionals and prove that a Tikhonov regularization improves the accuracy especially when the underlying system is ill-conditioned.
A two-dimensional quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer (2002)

The use of a linear or two-dimensional (2-D) quadrupole ion trap as a high performance mass spectrometer is demonstrated. Mass analysis is performed by ejecting ions out a slot in one of the rods using the mass selective instability mode of operation. Resonance ejection and excitation are utilized to enhance mass analysis and to allow isolation and activation of ions for MS(n) capability. Improved trapping efficiency and increased ion capacity are observed relative to a three-dimensional (3-D) ion trap with similar mass range. Mass resolution comparable to 3-D traps is readily achieved, including high resolution at slower scan rates, although adequate mechanical tolerance of the trap structure is a requirement. Additional advantages of 2-D over 3-D ion traps are also discussed and demonstrated.
Anti-TNF Therapy Within 2 Years of Crohnʼs Disease Diagnosis Improves Patient Outcomes (2016)

Background: Although biological agents targeting tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha are effective in the management of Crohn's disease (CD), use of anti-TNF agents is often delayed until after failure of other treatment modalities, resulting in potentially long delays between diagnosis and initiation of infliximab or adalimumab. We aim to determine if early treatment with anti-TNF agents reduces the rate of surgical resection and clinical secondary loss of response in CD patients.
POLYIMIDES, POLYQUINOLINES AND POLYQUINOXALINES: Tg-STRUCTURE RELATIONSHIPS (1989)

Abstract Since polyimides were invented more than 30 years ago, several books dealing with the subject have been published [33, 34, 40u, 48b, 55, 64]. While some of these books [33–35] have very thorough and systematic coverage of the chemistry and general physical, mechanical, and electrical properties of polyimides, most of the literature [40, 48b, 64] is made up of collections of results derived from application-related research on various polyimides. None of the earlier treatises is totally devoted to an understanding of the underlying principles involved in just a single, important property such as the glass transition temperatures of polyimides.
Collagen microparticles: Preparation and properties (1995)

Collagen microparticles (CMPs) of diameters ranging from about 3 to 40 microns were prepared by the method of emulsifying and cross-linking native collagen. The particle size was mainly controlled by the molecular weight of the collagen used: an increase in denaturation of the collagen resulted in smaller particle sizes. Consequently, controlled denaturation is the best method to control the size of CMPs. Total denaturation results in the degradation product gelatin and subsequently yields very small nanoparticles with a minimum diameter of about 0.1 micron. Collagen microparticles can be used as carriers for lipophilic drugs e.g. retinol, tretinoin, or tetracaine and lidocaine in free base form. Another feature of the biodegradable CMPs is their thermal stability, thus their sterilization can be readily achieved.
Mechanisms of hepatitis C virus NS3 proteinase inhibitors (1999)

The NS3 serine proteinase is regarded as one of the preferred targets for the development of therapeutic agents against hepatitis C virus (HCV). Possible mechanisms of NS3 inhibitors include: (i) interference with the activation of the enzyme by its NS4A cofactor; (ii) binding to the structural zinc site; and (iii) binding to the active site. These mechanisms have been explored in detail by structural analysis of the enzyme. (i) The NS4A cofactor binds to the amino-terminal beta-barrel domain of the NS3 proteinase bringing about several conformational changes that result in enzyme activation. The interaction between NS3 and NS4A involves a very large surface area and therefore it is not a likely target for the development of inhibitors. (ii) The NS3 proteinase contains a structural zinc binding site. Spectroscopic studies have shown that changes in the conformation of this metal-binding site correlate with changes in the specific activity of the enzyme, and the NS3 proteinase is inhibited by compounds capable of extracting zinc from its native coordination sphere. (iii) Based on the observation that the NS3 proteinase undergoes inhibition by its cleavage products, potent, active site-directed inhibitors have been generated. Kinetic studies, site-directed mutagenesis, and molecular modelling have been used to characterize the interactions between the NS3 proteinase and its product inhibitors.
Genotyping:Insulin receptor variant forms and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (2000)

Type 2 diabetes is a polygenic and heterogeneous disease resulting from interaction of genetic factors with environmental influences. Numerous candidate genes have been investigated, but no single major susceptibility gene for Type 2 diabetes has been identified. The insulin receptor was considered a plausible candidate gene. The insulin receptor exists in two isoforms differing by the absence (Ex11-) or presence (Ex11+) of 12 amino acids in the C-terminus of the alpha-subunit due to alternative splicing of exon 11.Ex11- binds insulin with two-fold higher affinity than Ex11+. This difference is paralleled by a decreased sensitivity for metabolic actions of insulin. Some, but not all, studies have reported that expression of the low-affinity Exll+ is increased in Type 2 diabetes, suggesting that alterations in abundance of the two isoforms mnight contribute to insulin resistance. Insulin and Type 1 insulin-like growth factor (IGF) receptors have been shown to form hybrid receptors in tissues co-expressing both molecules. Hybrid receptors bind IGF-I, but not insulin, with high affinity, and behave as IGF-I receptors rather than insulin receptors in terms of receptor autophosphorylation and hormone internalisation. It has been shown that the abundance of hybrid receptors is increased in skeletal muscle and fat from Type 2 diabetic patients, and is negatively correlated with in vivo insulin sensitivity. Mutations in the insulin receptor gene were identified in studies which examined an appropriately sized population of Type 2 diabetic patients. The prevalence of mutations in the insulin receptor gene ranged from 0.4 to 7.8%.
Coercivity enhancement of melt-spun Nd-Fe-B ribbons using low-level Cu additions (1991)

We have explored the impact of low-level Cu additions on the magnetic properties of melt-spun Nd-Fe-B ribbons. The addition of 0.5 at. % Cu enhances the intrinsic coercivity as much as 30% over that of Cu-free materials. Transmission electron microscopy analyses demonstrate that Cu segregates preferentially to the intergranular regions.
The added mass of an expanding bubble (2003)

The added mass interaction of a body of variable volume translating in a fluid depends not only on the relative acceleration, but also on the rate of change of the volume. In the present study this prediction is put to an experimental test by observing the motion of a bubble rising in a pressurized tube. When the pressure is brought back to ambient by a fast-opening valve, the bubble expands and, from an analysis of its acceleration, it is possible to deduce the effect of the volume change on the added mass interaction. The results support the validity of the conventional theory for this effect. Some other observations on the transition from a straight to a spiral or zig-zag trajectory – a regime which may well be called ‘Leonardo's paradox’–are reported.
Supplementary Figure 5 from Enhancing Efficacy of Anticancer Vaccines by Targeted Delivery to Tumor-Draining Lymph Nodes (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 42K, CD4+ T cells are more polyfunctional upon ex vivo restimulation when NP-OVA + NP-CpG is targeted to the tdLN.&lt;/p&gt;
The Creation and Application Outlook of Calcium Phosphate and Magnesium Phosphate Bone Cements with Antimicrobial Properties (Review) (2021)

An overview of the results in the field of creating bone cements based on calcium and magnesium phosphates with antimicrobial properties intended to replace bone tissue defects is presented. It was noted that the modification of cements based on calcium phosphates with magnesium made it possible to provide high strength, optimal setting time, absence of cytotoxicity, and increased matrix properties of the surface. The problems associated with the use of antibiotics in cement-based systems for their targeted prolonged delivery as bactericidal agents are discussed. Alternative approaches based on the doping of cements with elements exhibiting antimicrobial activity, which makes it possible to avoid the emergence of bactericidal agents, are considered.
Spectral-narrowing techniques for excimer laser oscillators (1985)

Various techniques for use in spectral narrowing and tuning of excimer laser oscillators are described. Intracavity dispersive elements include Littrow grating, grazing-incidence grating, prisms, and Fabry–Perot etalons. Recent developments to improve overall efficiency and reduce broadband noise are outlined.
Characterization of Y2O3-MgO Nanostructures Prepared by Argon Shrouded-Plasma Spraying (2008)

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2008 in Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA, August 3 – August 7, 2008