gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Readiness of the ATLAS Tile Calorimeter for LHC collisions (2010)

The Tile hadronic calorimeter of the ATLAS detector has undergone extensive testing in the experimental hall since its installation in late 2005. The readout, control and calibration systems have been fully operational since 2007 and the detector has successfully collected data from the LHC single beams in 2008 and first collisions in 2009. This paper gives an overview of the Tile Calorimeter performance as measured using random triggers, calibration data, data from cosmic ray muons and single beam data. The detector operation status, noise characteristics and performance of the calibration systems are presented, as well as the validation of the timing and energy calibration carried out with minimum ionising cosmic ray muons data. The calibration systems' precision is well below the design value of 1%. The determination of the global energy scale was performed with an uncertainty of 4%.
Predicting the Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Carrier State: Derivation and Validation of a "Culture Rule" (2004)

Combining qualitative and quantitative results of 2 nasal swab cultures accurately predicted the persistent S. aureus carriage state with a reliability of 93.6%. Thus, this culture rule can be used in studies of determinants and risks of S. aureus nasal carriage.
Structural Determinants in the Binding of BB2 Receptor Ligands: In Silico, X-Ray and NMR Studies in PD176252 Analogues (2016)

By means of computational techniques, based on QSAR, docking and homology building, supported by experimental data (X-ray diffraction and NMR spectroscopy) fresh insights on binding modes of this class of biological targets were achieved.
Elastomeric Poly(propylene): Influence of Catalyst Structure and Polymerization Conditions on Polymer Structure and Properties (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElastomeric Poly(propylene): Influence of Catalyst Structure and Polymerization Conditions on Polymer Structure and PropertiesWilliam J. Gauthier, John F. Corrigan, Nicholas J. Taylor, and Scott CollinsCite this: Macromolecules 1995, 28, 11, 3771–3778Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00115a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00115a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views673Altmetric-Citations125LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Measurement of MRI scanner performance with the ADNI phantom (2009)

The objectives of this study are as follows: to describe practical implementation challenges of multisite, multivendor quantitative studies; to describe the MRI phantom and analysis software used in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) study, illustrate the utility of the system for measuring scanner performance, the ability to assess gradient field nonlinearity corrections: and to recover human brain images without geometric scaling errors in multisite studies. ADNI is a large multicenter study with each center having its own copy of the phantom. The design of the phantom and analysis software are presented as results from predistribution systematics studies and results from field experience with the phantom at 58 enrolling ADNI sites over a 3 year period. The estimated coefficients of variation intrinsic to measurements of geometry in a single phantom are in the range of 3-5 parts in 10(4). Phantom measurements accurately detect linear and nonlinear scaling in images. Gradient unwarping methods are readily assessed by phantom nonlinearity measurements. Phantom-based scaling correction reduces observed geometric drift in human images by one-third or more. Repair or replacement of phantoms between scans, however, is a confounding factor. The ADNI phantom can be used to assess both scanner performance and the validity of postprocessing image corrections in order to reduce systematic errors in human images. Reduced measurement errors should decrease measurement bias and increase statistical power for measurements of rates of change in the brain structure in AD treatment trials. Perhaps the greatest practical value of incorporating ADNI phantom measurements in a multisite study is to identify scanner errors through central monitoring. This approach has resulted in identification of system errors including sites misidentification of their own gradient hardware and the disabling of autoshim, and a miscalibrated laser alignment light. If undetected, these errors would have contributed to imprecision in quantitative metrics at over 25% of all enrolling ADNI sites.
Migratory Birds and Avian Flu (2006)

In his article “Evidence points to migratory birds in H5N1 spread” (3 Mar., p. [1225][1]), D. Normile reports that “increasingly, scientists are attributing this remarkably fast spread [of H5N1] to migratory birds, but dissenters remain.” All agreed that wild birds have a role, but attributing the spread of HPAI H5N1 entirely to migratory birds overlooks evidence that is inconsistent with this conclusion.

One cannot ignore the apparent lack of previous outbreaks along migratory pathways. Birds have been migrating along these same routes annually since this genotype of HPAI H5N1 was first identified in Asia in 1997, yet there was no spread of disease to Eurasia or Europe in the interim years. Although fewer than 0.05% of more than 13,000 healthy waterfowl tested ([1][2]) were positive for HPAI H5N1, billions of birds have traveled to Eurasia and Europe for 8 years. It seems suspicious that none has managed to transmit this highly pathogenic virus until now. The introduction of HPAI H5N1 onto the continent of Africa, as well as the earlier outbreaks in poultry, notably in Russia and Turkey, could have been as easily accommodated by the movement of infected poultry, poultry products, or contaminated fomites as suggested for migratory bird routes. Meanwhile, Japan, with strong controls on poultry imports, has remained H5N1-free since early 2004, when infected poultry flocks were destroyed, despite the annual arrival of large migratory bird populations from areas with known H5N1 outbreaks.

Four pathways are most likely involved in the movement of HPAI H5N1: poultry shipments; the movement of contaminated equipment, materials, and waste products; migratory birds; and the wild bird trade. At most, the evidence suggests that wild birds may be responsible for short-distance, secondary movement of HPAI H5N1. Ornithologists, virologists, veterinarians, and others must work together, sharing their specialized knowledge to understand more thoroughly the movement of this virus.

1. 1.[↵][3]1. H. Chen 2. et al.
 , Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103, 2845 (2006).
 [OpenUrl][4][Abstract/FREE Full Text][5]

 [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.311.5765.1225
 [2]: #ref-1
 [3]: #xref-ref-1-1 View reference 1. in text
 [4]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DProc.%2BNatl.%2BAcad.%2BSci.%2BU.S.A.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1073%252Fpnas.0511120103%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F16473931%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx
 [5]: /lookup/ijlink/YTozOntzOjQ6InBhdGgiO3M6MTQ6Ii9sb29rdXAvaWpsaW5rIjtzOjU6InF1ZXJ5IjthOjQ6e3M6ODoibGlua1R5cGUiO3M6NDoiQUJTVCI7czoxMToiam91cm5hbENvZGUiO3M6NDoicG5hcyI7czo1OiJyZXNpZCI7czoxMDoiMTAzLzgvMjg0NSI7czo0OiJhdG9tIjtzOjI0OiIvc2NpLzMxMi81Nzc1Lzg0NS4zLmF0b20iO31zOjg6ImZyYWdtZW50IjtzOjA6IiI7fQ==
Electronic band structure of zinc blende CdSe and rock salt PbSe semiconductors with silicene-type honeycomb geometry (2015)

We report on the electronic band structure of 2D CdSe and PbSe semiconductors that have a silicene-type honeycomb geometry. Atomistic tight-binding calculations are performed on several model systems that bear a strong resemblance to the silicene-type honeycomb structures that were recently obtained by nanocrystal self-assembly. The calculated band structures are compared both to those of 2D quantum wells and graphene-type honeycomb structures. It is found that in silicene type CdSe honeycomb structures, the lowest electron conduction bands (derived from S-type nanocrystal wave functions) form a Dirac-type dispersion, very similar as in graphene. The P-type bands are usually more complex. However, when the hybridization between S- and P-type bands increases, a second Dirac cone and a genuine non-trivial flat band is observed, similar as in the case of graphene-type honeycomb structures of CdSe. There is a strong non-trivial gap between the first and second valence band, hosting the quantum spin Hall effect. Silicene-type PbSe structures show Dirac features in their bands, which however can be clouded due to the multi-valley character of PbSe.
Auscultación de movimientos de ladera para la implementación de sistemas de alerta: ejemplos del Pirineo y Prepirineo central y oriental (2013)

En la presente contribucion se describen los
sistemas de auscultacion de cuatro tipos de
movimientos de ladera (corriente de derrubios, deslizamiento profundo, deslizamiento superficial y desprendimiento). El enfasis se ha puesto en la descripcion de la instrumentacion de corrientes de derrubios en la cuenca El Rebaixader (Pirineo Central) y los resultados obtenidos durante los ultimos 4 anos. La auscultacion de los otros tres
tipos de movimientos se presenta de manera resumida. El sistema de auscultacion en la cuenca El Rebaixader incluye 6 diferentes estaciones: dos estaciones meteorologicas, dos estaciones de infiltracion y dos estaciones registrando datos sobre la dinamica de flujo. Los resultados medidos en esta cuenca torrencial indican que un umbral de lluvia critica de aproximadamente 15
mm/h seria adecuado para alertar de corrientes de derrubios en verano. Por otra parte, los geofonos y la transformacion de las senales sismicas a impulsos por segundo se pueden utilizar para detectar el paso de una corriente de derrubios y activar un sistema de alarma. Nuestra experiencia muestra que una red de sensores inalambrica facilita la auscultacion y la futura implementacion de un sistema de alarma por sus multiples ventajas (principalmente, mas facil instalacion, menor vulnerabilidad del sistema por la mera ausencia de cables y muy bajo consumo).
Efficacy of apalutamide (APA) plus ongoing androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in patients (pts) with nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC) and baseline (BL) comorbidities (CM). (2019)

5023 Background: The addition of APA to ongoing ADT in pts with nmCRPC significantly prolonged metastasis-free survival (MFS), time to symptomatic progression (SymProg), and second progression-free survival (PFS2) in SPARTAN. We assessed the impact of APA on these end points in pts with or without BL CM. Methods: Using Cox proportional hazards models, treatment effect of APA was evaluated in SPARTAN pts with CM at BL, stratifying by the presence of BL diabetes/hyperglycemia (D/H), cardiovascular disease (CVD), hypertension (HTN), and renal insufficiency (RI). Results: Of 1207 SPARTAN pts, 1062 (88%) had ≥ 1 BL CM, including 703/806 (87%) APA pts and 359/401 (90%) PBO pts. A total of 226 (19%), 398 (33%), 798 (66%), and 774 (64%) pts had D/H, CVD, HTN, and RI, respectively; 323 (27%), 412 (34%), 259 (21%), and 68 (6%) pts had 1, 2, 3, and 4 CM, respectively. Incidence of CM was balanced between arms. Pts with CM were older than pts with no CM (median age, 75 vs 69 yrs, APA; 74 vs 69 yrs, PBO). MFS, SymProg, and PFS2 benefit with APA was significant in all CM subgroups, except PFS2 for pts with D/H (Table) and regardless of the number of CM. The incidence of any treatment-emergent AE was balanced between pts with and without CM. AEs with APA were not affected by any CM. Clinical trial information: NCT01946204. Conclusions: The benefit of APA + ongoing ADT in pts with nmCRPC was maintained in pts with D/H, CVD, HTN, and RI. The safety profile of APA was not affected by any CM.[Table: see text]
Synthesis and secretion of mucin by the human colonic tumour cell line LS180 (1994)

Pulse-chase labelling experiments were performed using the mucin-producing colonic carcinoma cell line LS180. Cells were pulsed with [3H]threonine or [3H]glucosamine and chased in complete media without radiolabel for various lengths of time. From cell and media extracts obtained at each time point, mucin proteins were immunoprecipitated with specific anti-mucin antibodies and analysed by SDS/PAGE and fluorography. At short labelling times with [3H]threonine, without chase, a monomeric thiol-reduction-resistant mucin precursor of apparent molecular mass > 670 kDa was identified. The precursor, in contrast to oligomeric species, was not labelled by [3H]glucosamine but exhibited binding to Vicia villosa isolectin B4, suggesting the presence of some core GalNAc residues. Treatment with tunicamycin to inhibit N-glycosylation had no effect on the apparent mass of the precursor. Identity of the mucin antigen with MUC2 mucin was established by immunoprecipitation with antibodies specific for a MUC2 tandem repeat and C-terminal regions. With increasing chase time the precursor was replaced by thiol-reduction-sensitive mucin oligomers that reached peak intracellular radiolabelling with [3H]threonine by 2 h of chase, and then declined. Only oligomeric mucin was secreted into the medium. Secretion of [3H]threonine-labelled mucin was detectable after 2 h of chase and increased as the cytoplasmic mucin label declined. Monensin inhibited [3H]glucosamine incorporation, sialylation and baseline (non-regulated) mucin secretion without affecting initial [3H]threonine incorporation or oligomerization. Oligomerization and Golgi transport are therefore essential early steps in MUC2 mucin secretion. Oligomerization may follow some core O-glycosylation with GalNAc, but precedes elongation of oligosaccharide chains.
The Granular Sea Ice Model in Spherical Coordinates and Its Application to a Global Climate Model (2007)

Abstract The granular sea ice model (GRAN) from Tremblay and Mysak is converted from Cartesian to spherical coordinates. In this conversion, the metric terms in the divergence of the deviatoric stress and in the strain rates are included. As an application, the GRAN is coupled to the global Earth System Climate Model from the University of Victoria. The sea ice model is validated against standard datasets. The sea ice volume and area exported through Fram Strait agree well with values obtained from in situ and satellite-derived estimates. The sea ice velocity in the interior Arctic agrees well with buoy drift data. The thermodynamic behavior of the sea ice model over a seasonal cycle at one location in the Beaufort Sea is validated against the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) datasets. The thermodynamic growth rate in the model is almost twice as large as the observed growth rate, and the melt rate is 25% lower than observed. The larger growth rate is due to thinner ice at the beginning of the SHEBA period and the absence of internal heat storage in the ice layer in the model. The simulated lower summer melt is due to the smaller-than-observed surface melt.
La Forêt au service de l'eau : une perspectives européenne ? (2004)

La politique de l'eau évolue aujourd'hui, à l'échelle européenne, avec la mise en place de la directive cadre sur l'eau (DCE) qui vise un objectif de reconquête du "bon état écologique" de l'eau et des milieux aquatiques. Pour mettre en place les mesures appropriées de contrôle des pollutions, ou d'autres dysfonctionnements, cette directive préconise une gestion territoriale, par unités hydrogéographiques, qui rend inéluctable la rencontre avec les gestionnaires d'espaces que sont les forestiers. Dans ce contexte, les forestiers français travaillent actuellement avec les forestiers suédois et britanniques, dans le cadre d'un projet LIFE, pour préciser certaines possibilités de participation des espaces forestiers à la mise en oeuvre de la DCE. L'article présente les principaux outils de la politique française de l'eau ainsi que les raisons qui doivent conduire les forestiers à connaître et utiliser ces outils. L'adaptation de la gestion forestière aux fortes attentes environnementales de la société, que l'Europe met en avant, passe en effet par une adaptation des forestiers aux politiques territoriales qui prennent en charge ces attentes. Sous réserve de montrer ces capacités d'adaptation, les forestiers devraient pouvoir initier de nouveaux mécanismes de financement des services de protection rendus par les forêts. Le projet LIFE présenté dans cet article est un prototype de telles évolutions.
Physical properties of CePd3As2 (1996)

CePd3As2 was prepared from the elements by first melting the reactants at 850°C and subsequent annealing of a pressed pellet at 750°C. It adopts the monoclinic (C2/m) structure of GdPd3As2, as confirmed by a single crystal X-ray study, with a = 1667.3(2) pm, b = 412.05(4) pm, c = 999.8(1) pm, β = 108.045(4)°. Magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate trivalent cerium moments of 2.46(3) μB and suggest some weak anti-ferromagnetic exchange (θ = −11(2) K). No apparent magnetic ordering is observed in the magnetic susceptibility. Resistance measurements indicate metallic behavior with a decrease in magnetic scattering below 100 K arising from thermal depopulation of cerium crystal field levels.
Clinical and Biological Subtypes of B-cell Lymphoma Revealed by Microenvironmental Signatures (2021)

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a biologically and clinically heterogeneous disease. Transcriptomic and genetic characterization of DLBCL has increased the understanding of its intrinsic pathogenesis and provided potential therapeutic targets. However, the role of the microenvironment in DLBCL biology remains less understood. Here, we performed a transcriptomic analysis of the microenvironment of 4,655 DLBCLs from multiple independent cohorts and described four major lymphoma microenvironment categories that associate with distinct biological aberrations and clinical behavior. We also found evidence of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms deployed by cancer cells to evade microenvironmental constraints of lymphoma growth, supporting the rationale for implementing DNA hypomethylating agents in selected patients with DLBCL. In addition, our work uncovered new therapeutic vulnerabilities in the biochemical composition of the extracellular matrix that were exploited to decrease DLBCL proliferation in preclinical models. This novel classification provides a road map for the biological characterization and therapeutic exploitation of the DLBCL microenvironment. SIGNIFICANCE: In a translational relevant transcriptomic-based classification, we characterized the microenvironment as a critical component of the B-cell lymphoma biology and associated it with the DLBCL clinical behavior establishing a novel opportunity for targeting therapies.<i>This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1307</i>.
A novel predictable segmented FPGA routing architecture (1998)

In the development of new FPGA architectures, a designer must balance speed, density and routing flexibility. In this paper, we discuss a new FPGA architecture based on a patented [1], novel, segmented routing fabric that is targeted to high performance and predictability but does not sacrifice routability or area efficiency. Current segmented architectures allow much flexibility in routing, but incur large delay penalties when a signal has high fanout or must traverse medium to long distances to reach its target. Reducing the number of programmable interconnect points (PIPs) that a signal must traverse to reach its target, while eliminating the RC delay buildup due to signal fanout, improves design performance and offers highly predictable signal delays.
Breast‐Cancer Diagnosis by Neuropeptide Y Analogues: From Synthesis to Clinical Application (2010)

Selective, sensitive, and specific breast cancer diagnosis: Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and the Y1R-selective [Phe7, Pro34]NPY peptide were labeled with Re/99mTc and pre-clinically characterized using competition receptor binding and signal transduction assays, and also microscopic, metabolic-stability, rabbit body-uptake, and protein-binding studies. Selective uptake of the 99mTc(core)3+-(NαHis-ac)-labeled [Phe7, Pro34]NPY analogue in human breast-cancer patients was obtained by whole body scintimammography. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Predicting Skin Friction and Heat Transfer for Turbulent Flow Over Real Gas-Turbine Surface Roughness Using the Discrete-Element Method (2003)

The discrete-element method considers the total aerodynamic drag on a rough surface to be the sum of shear drag on the flat part of the surface and the form drag on the individual roughness elements. The total heat transfer from a rough surface is the sum of convection through the fluid on the flat part of the surface and the convection from each of the roughness elements. The discrete-element method has been widely used and validated for predicting heat transfer and skin friction for rough surfaces composed of sparse, ordered, and deterministic elements. Real gas-turbine surface roughness is different from surfaces with sparse, ordered, and deterministic roughness elements. Modifications made to the discrete-element roughness method to extend the validation to real gas-turbine surface roughness are detailed. Two rough surfaces found on high-hour gas-turbine blades were characterized using a Taylor-Hobson Form Talysurf Series 2 profilometer. Two rough surfaces and two elliptical-analog surfaces were generated for wind-tunnel testing using a three-dimensional printer. The printed surfaces were scaled to maintain similar boundary-layer thickness to roughness height ratio in the wind tunnel as found in gas-turbine operation. The results of the wind tunnel skin friction and Stanton number measurements and the discrete-element method predictions for each of the four surfaces are presented and discussed. The discrete-element predictions made considering the gas-turbine roughness modifications are within 7% of the experimentally-measured skin friction coefficients and are within 16% of the experimentally-measured Stanton numbers.