gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Switching basal analogue insulins — short-term weight effects (2008)

Efforts to improve glycaemic control in people with diabetes have encouraged more intensive therapeutic approaches. Hypoglycaemia is a risk associated with insulin therapy and a further consequence of intensified treatment is unwanted weight gain. The introduction of the long-acting insulin analogues, glargine and detemir, has provided a circulating insulin profile more reminiscent of normal basal insulin. This has allowed insulin dose escalation with a reduced risk of hypoglycaemia. The current study investigates the effect of switching treatment to insulin detemir in patients who had gained weight on insulin glargine therapy. Two months of treatment with insulin detemir did not alter glycaemic control or insulin dosage, but body weight was significantly reduced in patients with type 1 (p&lt;0.05) and type 2 (p&lt;0.005) diabetes. Br J Diabetes Vasc Dis 2008; 8: 183—186
Synthesis of Homoshowdomycin and Homopyrazomycin (1979)

An efficiently stereocontrolled e n t r y to the title homo-Cnucleosides is described.2 3 Showdomycin (I) and pyrazomycin (11) a r e C-nucleosides that possess marked antibacterial and antitumor a c t i ~i t i e s .~
The Crystal Structures of Zea mays and Arabidopsis 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate Dioxygenase (2004)

The transformation of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate to homogentisate, catalyzed by 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD), plays an important role in degrading aromatic amino acids. As the reaction product homogentisate serves as aromatic precursor for prenylquinone synthesis in plants, the enzyme is an interesting target for herbicides. In this study we report the first x-ray structures of the plant HPPDs of Zea mays and Arabidopsis in their substrate-free form at 2.0 A and 3.0 A resolution, respectively. Previous biochemical characterizations have demonstrated that eukaryotic enzymes behave as homodimers in contrast to prokaryotic HPPDs, which are homotetramers. Plant and bacterial enzymes share the overall fold but use orthogonal surfaces for oligomerization. In addition, comparison of both structures provides direct evidence that the C-terminal helix gates substrate access to the active site around a nonheme ferrous iron center. In the Z. mays HPPD structure this helix packs into the active site, sequestering it completely from the solvent. In contrast, in the Arabidopsis structure this helix tilted by about 60 degrees into the solvent and leaves the active site fully accessible. By elucidating the structure of plant HPPD enzymes we aim to provide a structural basis for the development of new herbicides.
ANALYSIS OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE T CELL REPERTOIRE (TCR) IN A CONCORDANT HAMSTER TO RAT CARDIAC XENOGRAFT MODEL (1998)

470 Accelerated rejection of cardiac xenografts from outbred Hamsters can be prevented in LEW.1A rats after administration of CVF (10 days) and a maintenance CsA therapy, resulting in 60% of Long Term Survivors (LTS). Nevertheless, no tolerance state is obtained since LTS grafts are rejected within 3+/-2 days of CsA cessation. As a role of T cells in delayed xenograft rejection has been suggested by the effect of anti-TCR, we analysed the VβJβ repertoire at complementary determining region 3 (CDR3) level in heart xenografts, looking for common and private expansions.Methods: VβJβ repertoire of the TCR in graft infiltrate was studied in accepted and rejected grafts (with CsA or not), by a RT-PCR method of comparison of CDR3 sizes (and eventually their sequence) among the 20 Vβ and 12 Jβ rat families. Naive rats show CDR3 lengths distributed according to a Gaussian repartition. Pertubations in the TCR profiles was done visualy (public repertoire) and using the Immunoscope and Reperturb software (G.Gorochov et al, Nat. Med 1997) (private repertoire).Results: We show strongly altered private repertoire within recipients of xenografts as compared to naive rats. We also show the emergence of public-type (common to different individuals) perturbations, with the same CDR3 length Vβ5 and Vβ7 families, in LTS. The Vβ7 profile showed an increased CDR3 mean length in comparison to TCR of naive rats, whereas the Vβ5 TCR profile was dominated by a public conserved Vβ5 Jβ1-6 T cell clone, with a CDR3 length of 9 amino-acids, within LTS on day 15. Other public-type pertubations were also found after CsA cessation with Vβ18 and Vβ17 of similar CDR3 lengths. The fact that donors are outbred suggest the recognition of Hamster common structures by public T cell clones. Private biases could correspond to the recognition of pleitrophic xeno-peptides generating low affinity interactions. Thus, this study allows comparison of repertoire in xeno and allotransplantation and identification of specific TCR Vβ for immunointerventions.
Generation of heterozygous fibrillin-1 mutant cloned pigs from genome-edited foetal fibroblasts (2016)

Marfan syndrome (MFS) is an autosomal dominant genetic disease caused by abnormal formation of the extracellular matrix with an incidence of 1 in 3, 000 to 5, 000. Patients with Marfan syndrome experience poor quality of life caused by skeletal disorders such as scoliosis, and they are at high risk of sudden death from cardiovascular impairment. Suitable animal models of MFS are essential for conquering this intractable disease. In particular, studies employing pig models will likely provide valuable information that can be extrapolated to humans because of the physiological and anatomical similarities between the two species. Here we describe the generation of heterozygous fibrillin-1 (FBN1) mutant cloned pigs (+/Glu433AsnfsX98) using genome editing and somatic cell nuclear transfer technologies. The FBN1 mutant pigs exhibited phenotypes resembling those of humans with MFS, such as scoliosis, pectus excavatum, delayed mineralization of the epiphysis and disrupted structure of elastic fibres of the aortic medial tissue. These findings indicate the value of FBN1 mutant pigs as a model for understanding the pathogenesis of MFS and for developing treatments.
Catalytic conversion of .beta.-hydroxy carboxylic acids to olefins by tungsten(VI) complexes: a new acyl group transfer catalyst (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCatalytic conversion of .beta.-hydroxy carboxylic acids to olefins by tungsten(VI) complexes: a new acyl group transfer catalystTomoya Tanzawa and Jeffrey SchwartzCite this: Organometallics 1990, 9, 12, 3026–3027Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00162a010https://doi.org/10.1021/om00162a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views187Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Problems of Heavy Oil Transportation in Pipelines And Reduction of High Viscosity (2015)

Drag has long been identified as the main reason for the loss of energy in fluid transmission like pipelines and other similar transportation channels. The main contributor to this drag is the viscosity as well as friction against the pipe walls, which will results in more pumping power consumption.&#x0D; The aim in this study was first to understand the role of additives in the viscosity reduction and secondly to evaluate the drag reduction efficiency when blending with different solvents.&#x0D; This research investigated flow increase (%FI) in heavy oil at different flow rates (2 to 10 m3/hr) in two pipes (0.0381 m &amp; 0.0508 m) ID By using different additives (toluene and naphtha) with different concentrations (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10) wt. % at 35ᵒ C.&#x0D; The results of this study showed the following:&#x0D; &#x0D; Increasing values of Dr% and FI% for all drag reducing agents with heavy oil. Increasing values of Dr% with increasing of Reynolds number, fluid velocity and additive concentration.&#x0D; With the larger pipe diameter, performances of drag reduction occur is much better than smaller pipe diameter.&#x0D; The additives (toluene and naphtha) reduce the high viscosity of used heavy oil.&#x0D; &#x0D; Naphtha is more efficient as viscosity reducer than toluene. Finally, all these results help the understanding of the flow properties of heavy oils and aim to contribute to the improvement of their transport.
Ultrafast electron-phonon scattering in semiconductors studied by nondegenerate four-wave mixing (1999)

Nondegenerate four-wave-mixing allows one to monitor the femtosecond relaxation of free carriers in GaAs and CdTe at densities as low as $2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{15}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}.$ The energy relaxation time of electrons via LO-phonon emission is determined to be $240\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}20$ fs in GaAs. In more polar CdTe, this time constant is found to be as short as $70\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}15$ fs which is even shorter than the phonon oscillation period of 200 fs.
Relative location in wireless networks (2002)

In ad-hoc networks, location estimation must be designed for mobility and zero-configuration. A peer-to-peer relative location system uses pair-wise range estimates made between devices and their neighbors. Devices are not required to be in range of fixed base stations, instead, a few known-location devices in the network allow the remaining devices to calculate their location using a maximum-likelihood (ML) method derived in this paper. This paper presents simulations using both a standard channel model and actual indoor channel measurements for verification. Both simulation and measurements show that a peer-to-peer relative location system can provide accurate location estimation using received signal strength (RSS) as a ranging method.
Isolation and Profiling of MicroRNA-containing Exosomes from Human Bile (2016)

Isolation And Profiling Of Microrna-containing Exosomes From Human Bile - Video. JoVE publishes peer-reviewed scientific video protocols to accelerate biological, medical, chemical and physical research. Watch our scientific video articles. JoVE is the world-leading producer and provider of science videos with the mission to improve scientific research, scientific journals, and education. Millions of scientists, educators and students at thousands of universities, colleges, hospitals and biopharmaceutical companies worldwide use JoVE for their research, teaching and learning.
Light-Triggered, Efficient Cytosolic Release of IM7-Saporin Targeting the Putative Cancer Stem Cell Marker CD44 by Photochemical Internalization (2014)

We have used the site specific and light-depended drug delivery method photochemical internalization (PCI) to release an immunotoxin (IT), targeting the CD44 receptor, into the cytosol of target cells. The IT consisted of a pan CD44 mAb (clone IM7) bound to the ribosome inactivating protein (RIP) saporin by a biotin-streptavidin linker named IM7-saporin. PCI is based upon photosensitizing compounds localized in the membrane of endosomes and lysosomes causing membrane rupture upon illumination followed by release of the IT into the cytosol. In this in vitro study, we have used 7 different human cancer cell lines of various origins to investigate the cytotoxic effect of PCI-based targeting of the cancer stem cell (CSC) marker CD44. Epi-fluorescence microscopy shows both specific binding and uptake of the IM7-Alexa488, after 30 min and 18 h of incubation, and colocalization with the PCI-photosensitizer TPCS2a prior to light-triggered cytosolic release of the CD44-targeting IT. PCI of IM7-saporin resulted in efficient and specific cytotoxicity in CD44-expressing but not in CD44-negative cancer cells. A higher level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was found in untreated and photodynamic therapy (PDT)-treated LNCaP (CD44(neg)) compared to that of DU145 (CD44(pos)) prostate cancer (PC) cells. This may explain the PDT-resistance observed in the DU145 cells. PCI-based targeting of CD44-expressing cancer cells gives very potent and specific cytotoxic effects and may represent a rational strategy for achieving site-selective elimination of CSCs in aggressive androgen-independent and treatment-resistant PC cells preventing cytotoxic effects on distant normal stem cells.
Simulation of Grid Connected Three-Level Neutral-Point-Clamped qZS Inverter using PSCAD (2013)

Abstract This paper is focused on a single-phase three-level neutral-point-clamped quasi-z-source inverter when it is operating being connected to the electrical grid. A control strategy for injecting current synchronized in phase with the voltage at the point of common coupling has been proposed and studied. It is achieved by means of controlling the output voltage between branches adjusting the output current by using a d-q frame and the analysis of the output filter. The control strategy generates the reference to be used in the modulation technique and it has been validated with and without shoot-through switching states. A method to calculate the minimum value of the shoot-through duty cycle is also explained in order to assure the proper control of the injected current when the input voltage is less than peak value of the grid voltage. It is an important feature because 3L-NPC qZSI due to its possibility of boosting input voltage in a single stage would operate better than a traditional inverter, for instance in photovoltaic applications when the value of irradiance is decreased. The presented results have been obtained using PSCAD/EMTDC as a simulation tool.
THE ASSESSMENT OF THE SAGITTAL SPINOPELVIC ALIGNMENT THROUGH THE L1-PELVIS ANGLE (2023)

The spinopelvic alignment is often assessed via the Pelvic Incidence-Lumbar Lordosis (PI-LL) mismatch. Here we describe and validate a simplified method to evaluating the spinopelvic alignment through the L1-Pelvis angle (L1P). This method is set to reduce the operator error and make the on-film measurement more practicable. 126 standing lateral radiographs of patients presenting for Total Hip Arthroplasty were examined. Three operators were recruited to label 6 landmarks. One operator repeated the landmark selection for intra-operator analysis. We compare PI-LL mismatch obtained via the conventional method, and our simplified method where we estimate this mismatch using PI-LL = L1P - 90°. We also assess the method's reliability and repeatability. We found no significant difference ( p &gt; 0.05) between the PI-LL mismatch from the conventional method (mean 0.22° ± 13.6) compared to L1P method (mean 0.0° ± 13.1). The overall average normalised root mean square error (NRMSE) for PI-LL mismatch across all operators is 7.53% (mean −3.3° ± 6.0) and 6.5% (mean −2.9° ± 4.9) for the conventional and L1P method, respectively. In relation to intra-operator repeatability, the correlation coefficients are 0.87 for PI, 0.94 for LL, and 0.96 for L1P. NRMSE between the two measurement sets are PI: 9.96%, LL: 5.97%, and L1P: 4.41%. A similar trend is observed in the absolute error between the two sets of measurements. Results indicate an equivalence in PI-LL measurement between the methods. Reproducibility of the measurements and reliability between operators were improved. Using the L1P angle, the classification of the sagittal spinal deformity found in the literature translates to: normal L1P&lt;100°, mild 100°&lt;L1P&lt;110°, and severe L1P&gt;110°. Surgeons adopting our method should expect a small improvement in reliability and repeatability of their measurements, and a significant improvement of the assessment of the mismatch through the visualisation of the angle L1P.
Vitamin C enhances the ex vivo proliferation of porcine muscle stem cells for cultured meat production (2022)

Cultured meat technology is a promising alternative strategy for supplying animal protein taking advantage of its efficiency, safety, and sustainability. The muscle stem cell (MuSC) is one of the most important seed cells for producing muscle fibers, but its weak <i>ex vivo</i> proliferation capacity limits the industrialization of cultured meat. Here we reported that vitamin C (VC) is an excellent supplement for the long-term culture of porcine MuSCs (pMuSCs) <i>ex vivo</i> with considerable proliferative and myogenic effects. After 29 days of culture with 100 μM VC, pMuSCs achieved a 2.8 × 10<sup>7</sup> ± 0.8 × 10<sup>7</sup>-fold increase in the total cell number, which was 360 times higher than that of cells without VC treatment. pMuSCs that were exposed to VC were less arrested in the G0/G1 phase and showed a significant increase in the expression of cell cycle-related genes such as Cdk1, Cdk2, and Ki67. Additionally, the differentiation potential of pMuSCs was enhanced when cells were proliferated with VC, as evidenced by increased expression of MyoD and MyHC. Furthermore, we demonstrated that VC exerted its proliferative effect through activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway <i>via</i> the IGF-1 signaling. These findings highlighted the potential application of VC in the <i>ex vivo</i> expansion of pMuSCs for cultured meat production.
Comparison of litter adjustment factors in Yorkshire and Landrace data (1994)

National Swine Improvement Federation (NSIF) adjustment factors presently used to standardize litter data for age at 21 d, number born alive (NBA), 21-d litter weight, and number after transfer (NAT) were evaluated using 104,884 litters in 1,348 Yorkshire herds and 20,370 litters in 197 Landrace herds. In addition, adjustment factors for number weaned were calculated for standardization of this trait. Number weaned is adjusted for parity and NAT. The mixed-model least squares, maximum likelihood computer program described by Harvey was used in the analyses. Yorkshire and Landrace data were combined to test for breed effects and interactions involving breed. Breed interactions were different (P < .05). Therefore, breed-specific adjustment factors were calculated for Yorkshire and Landrace data sets. Also, adjustment factors were calculated for combined data that might be appropriate to use for breeds without specific adjustments available. Parity adjustment factors for NBA and 21-d litter weight were different (P < .05) from current NSIF recommendations, as was the NAT adjustment for 21-d litter weight. The age-at-weaning multiplicative factors were not different (P > .05) from current NSIF values. However, in all three data sets, the intercepts and linear coefficients of the quadratic regression for age at weaning were different (P < .05) from NSIF's. A Student-Newman-Keuls (SNK) test was used to evaluate the NSIF groupings of parity and number after transfer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Stakeholders’ perspectives of a prospective interactive wearable system for upper extremity rehabilitation following stroke: A qualitative study (2022)

Abstract Background: Wearable sensor technology can facilitate diagnostics and monitoring of people with upper extremity (UE) paresis after stroke. The purpose of this study is to investigate the perspectives of clinicians, people living with stroke, and their caregivers on an interactive wearable system that detects UE movements and provides feedback. Methods: This qualitative description study used semi-structured interviews relating to the perspectives of a prospective interactive wearable system including a wearable sensor to capture UE movement and a user interface to provide feedback as the means of data collection. Ten rehabilitation therapists, 9 people with stroke, and 2 caregivers participated in this study. Results: Four themes were identified (1) “Everyone is different” highlighted the need for addressing individual user’s rehabilitation goal and personal preference; (2) “The wearable system should identify UE and trunk movements” emphasized that in addition to arm, hand, and finger movements, detecting compensatory trunk movements during UE movements is also of interest; (3) “Both quality and amount of movements are necessary to measure” described the parameters related to how well and how much the user is using their affected UE that participants envisioned the system to monitor; (4) “Functional activities should be practiced by the users” outlined UE movements and activities that are of priority in designing the system. Conclusions: Narratives from c linicians, people with stroke, and their caregivers offer insight into the design of interactive wearable systems. Future studies examining the experience and acceptability of existing wearable systems from end-users are warranted to guide the adoption of this technology.
Beyond the Hype: Deep Neural Networks Outperform Established Methods Using A ChEMBL Bioactivity Benchmark Set (2017)

Abstract The increase of publicly available bioactivity data in recent years has fueled and catalyzed research in chemogenomics, data mining, and modeling approaches. As a direct result, over the past few years a multitude of different methods have been reported and evaluated, such as target fishing, nearest neighbor similarity-based methods, and Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (QSAR)-based protocols. However, such studies are typically conducted on different datasets, using different validation strategies, and different metrics. In this study, different methods were compared using one single standardized dataset obtained from ChEMBL, which is made available to the public, using standardized metrics (BEDROC and Matthews Correlation Coefficient). Specifically, the performance of Naive Bayes, Random Forests, Support Vector Machines, Logistic Regression, and Deep Neural Networks was assessed using QSAR and proteochemometric (PCM) methods. All methods were validated using both a random split validation and a temporal validation, with the latter being a more realistic benchmark of expected prospective execution. Deep Neural Networks are the top performing classifiers, highlighting the added value of Deep Neural Networks over other more conventional methods. Moreover, the best method (‘DNN_PCM’) performed significantly better at almost one standard deviation higher than the mean performance. Furthermore, Multi task and PCM implementations were shown to improve performance over single task Deep Neural Networks. Conversely, target prediction performed almost two standard deviations under the mean performance. Random Forests, Support Vector Machines, and Logistic Regression performed around mean performance. Finally, using an ensemble of DNNs, alongside additional tuning, enhanced the relative performance by another 27% (compared with unoptimized DNN_PCM). Here, a standardized set to test and evaluate different machine learning algorithms in the context of multitask learning is offered by providing the data and the protocols.