gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The representation of policies as system objects (1991)

article Free Access Share on The representation of policies as system objects Authors: Jonathan D. Moffett Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, Department of Computing, 180 Queen's Gate, London SW7 2BZ, UK Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, Department of Computing, 180 Queen's Gate, London SW7 2BZ, UKView Profile , Morris S. Sloman Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, Department of Computing, 180 Queen's Gate, London SW7 2BZ, UK Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, Department of Computing, 180 Queen's Gate, London SW7 2BZ, UKView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGOIS BulletinVolume 12Issue 2-3Nov. 1991 pp 171–184https://doi.org/10.1145/127769.122850Published:01 October 1991Publication History 29citation339DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations29Total Downloads339Last 12 Months18Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Particle Size Effect on the Properties of Electrostatic Powders (2008)

The effect of particle size on powder processing, spray application, and high-temperature firing of electrostatic porcelain enamel powders is examined. The relationship between particle size and material properties is discussed. The use of these data by enamel suppliers to produce materials with well-balanced properties is reported.
Single-photon emission in telecommunication band from an InAs quantum dot grown on InP with molecular-beam epitaxy (2013)

We report on the experimental demonstration of a single-photon source based on an InAs quantum dot (QD) on InP grown by molecular-beam epitaxy emitting in the telecommunication band. We develop a method to reduce the QD density to prevent inter-dot coupling via tunneling through coupled excited states. A single InAs QD embedded in an as-etched pillar structure exhibits intense and narrow emission lines. Photon antibunching is clearly observed using superconducting single-photon detectors with high sensitivity, and further improvement of the generated single-photon purity is demonstrated with below-barrier-bandgap excitation.
Fibrin degradation products. A review of structures found in vitro and in vivo. (2001)

This review attempts to relate subunit structures of fibrin degradation products (FnDP) made in vitro with structures found in vivo. The domainally directed fragmentation in vitro of both fibrinogen and fibrin is emphasized, all fragments being various associations of the two core fibrin fragments D and E. The digestion of fibrinogen by plasmin in vivo is rare, and the crosslinking of fibrin in vivo takes place at a very early stage in the clotting/polymerization process. The notion that as fibrin forms in vivo it orchestrates its own destruction is developed. Plasmas from patients suffering from disseminated intravascular coagulation demonstrate very large crosslinked FnDP fragments in their plasmas which seem to contain not alone fibrinopeptide A but also subunits with intact alpha chains. This is interpreted to mean that many of the large soluble fragments found in vivo, and heretofore known as FnDP, are in reality long fibrin polymers, random parts of whose structures have been converted to FnDP by lysis of the carboxy terminal regions of the alpha chains in the polymer. The ratio of intact fibrin to FnDP in these large soluble structures may be a useful clinical marker; however, such data can only be relied upon when blood samples are taken into an anticoagulant mix that contains a fibrinolytic inhibitor. Some of the biological effects of FnDP structures in vivo (fibrinogen synthesis, vasoactivity) are still quite ambiguous.
Influencing the binding configuration of sucrose in the active sites of chicory fructan 1‐exohydrolase and sugar beet fructan 6‐exohydrolase (2008)

The hydrolytic plant enzymes of family 32 of glycoside hydrolases (GH32), including acid cell wall type invertases (EC 3.2.1.26), fructan 1-exohydrolases (1-FEH; EC 3.2.1.153) and fructan 6-exohydrolases (6-FEH; EC 3.2.1.154), are very similar at the molecular and structural levels, but are clearly functionally different. The work presented here aims at understanding the evolution of enzyme specificity and functional diversity in this family by means of site-directed mutagenesis. It is demonstrated for the first time that invertase activity can be introduced in an S101L mutant of chicory (Cichorium intybus) 1-FEH IIa by influencing the orientation of Trp 82. At high sucrose and enzyme concentrations, a shift is proposed from a stable inhibitor configuration to an unstable substrate configuration. In the same way, invertase activity was introduced in Beta vulgaris 6-FEH by introducing an acidic amino acid in the vicinity of the acid-base catalyst (F233D mutant), creating a beta-fructofuranosidase type of enzyme with dual activity against sucrose and levan. As single amino acid substitutions can influence the donor substrate specificity of FEHs, it is predicted that plant invertases and FEHs may have diversified by introduction of a very limited number of mutations in the common ancestor.
BEGAN: Boundary Equilibrium Generative Adversarial Networks (2017)

We propose a new equilibrium enforcing method paired with a loss derived from the Wasserstein distance for training auto-encoder based Generative Adversarial Networks. This method balances the generator and discriminator during training. Additionally, it provides a new approximate convergence measure, fast and stable training and high visual quality. We also derive a way of controlling the trade-off between image diversity and visual quality. We focus on the image generation task, setting a new milestone in visual quality, even at higher resolutions. This is achieved while using a relatively simple model architecture and a standard training procedure.
Paper #21: Aggravated Rotational Laxity Due To The Concomitant Meniscus Tear In The Anterior Cruciate Ligament‐Injured Knees Detected By The Quantitative Measurement Of The Pivot‐Shift Test (2017)

The impact of meniscus injury on the rotational laxity in the ACL injured knees has not been fully examined in clinical cases due to lack of quantitative evaluation. Electromagnetic system was then used to quantify the rotational laxity in ACL-injured cases with and without meniscus tear. As a result, concomitant lateral meniscus tear deteriorated the rotational laxity in the ACL-injured knees.
Development of One-Dimensional Dielectric and Metal-Dielectric Photonic Band Gap for Optical Switching and Limiting Applications (2006)

Abstract : We investigated a newly synthesized bis-phenylazo derivative, namely bis-perfluoroalkylsulfonylamino-arylazomethylene-triphenyl-phosphorane (BAM-TPP). Azobenzenes constitute a class of conjugated organic materials that have received considerable attention for their reversible photochromism and remarkable second order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties. These photochemical/physical properties, combined with the ability of varying their chemical structure with the wavelength of the incident light, make azobenzenes particularly attractive candidates for applications like optical data storage, optical switching and liquid crystals technology. Specifically, some azobenzenes may intercur a photoisomerization from a cis- to a trans- cofiguration under UV illumination, and vice versa. The two configurations correspond to different values of optical absorbancy, thus being interesting for optical switching applications.
Single Crystal  Y 3Al5 O 12: Tb Phosphor Produced by Ion Implantation (1982)

It is shown that substrates of single crystal yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) can be successfully doped with terbium by ion implantation and activated as a phosphor by subsequent annealing. High temperature thermal annealing has given luminous efficiencies comparable with single crystal material doped directly during Czochralski growth while initial attempts at laser annealing have proved less successful. A penetron effect, yielding blue or green luminescence according to the electron beam voltage, has been observed for the thermally annealed material.
Proliferation of human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells in culture is modulated by active TGF (1995)

Human explant derived VSMC systematically differ from enzyme dispersed VSMC obtained from the same donor tissue. Wherever the potential role of TGF beta was investigated, the differences between enzyme dispersal and explant cultures were due to autocrine production of TGF beta by the enzyme dispersal, but not explant cultures.
Hydrodynamic Stability Criterion for Colloidal Gelation under Gravity (2023)

Attractive colloids diffuse and aggregate to form gels, solid-like particle networks suspended in a fluid. Gravity is known to strongly impact the stability of gels once they are formed. However, its effect on the process of gel formation has seldom been studied. Here, we simulate the effect of gravity on gelation using both Brownian dynamics and a lattice-Boltzmann algorithm that accounts for hydrodynamic interactions. We work in a confined geometry to capture macroscopic, buoyancy-induced flows driven by the density mismatch between fluid and colloids. These flows give rise to a stability criterion for network formation, based on an effective accelerated sedimentation of nascent clusters at low volume fractions that disrupts gelation. Above a critical volume fraction, mechanical strength in the forming gel network dominates the dynamics: the interface between the colloid-rich and colloid-poor region moves downward at an ever decreasing rate. Finally, we analyze the asymptotic state, the colloidal gel-like sediment, which we find not to be appreciably impacted by the vigorous flows that can occur during the settling of the colloids. Our findings represent the first steps toward understanding how flow during formation affects the life span of colloidal gels.
NMR study of plant fibres degradation by Ruminococcus albus and Fibrobacter succinogenes. (2006)

Poster
T-Cell Infiltrate After Monoclonal Anti-CD20 Antibody Therapy for B-Cell Lymphoma (2000)

Immunotherapy using monoclonal anti-CD20 anti-Immunotherapy using monoclonal anti-CD20 antitutes a new approach to the treatment of B-cell non Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL). The response rate varies between 31% for patients with relapsing or refractory aggressive lymphoma and 48% for relapsed indolent lymphoma(1,2). In spite of a relatively high response rate, the median time to progression for responding patients is. about 12 months. The anti-B-cell effects of Rituximab are due to complement- and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (3), inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis(4). Consequently, rapid depletion of CD20-positive normal and lymphoma B-cells has been observed after Rituximab. In this report, we describe (1) the presence of T-cell nodules in bone marro biopsies after monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody therapy in two patients with recurrent centroblastic centrocytic follicular lymphoma and (2) persistence of this T-cell infiltrate in the non-relapsed patient.
Discovery and validation of drug targets for tumour angiogenesis (2005)

The formation of blood vessels is a key process in the progression of solid tumours, providing the means for tumour growth and metastasis. A number of drugs are currently being developed to exploit inhibition of angiogenesis in the therapy of cancer. An even greater number of genes that are regulated in models of in vitro angiogenesis have been identified. These genes present potential drug targets for the development of novel, more efficient, drugs that will enable the judicious design of drug cocktails that may be able to account for the many different cancer pathologies and their drug resistance properties. Dealing with the validation of hundreds of potential angiogenesis drug targets requires the utilisation of experimental technology platforms that enable concomitant and dynamic target selection filtering and validation. Such platforms should act as a funnel-like medium-to-low throughput processes that enable the sequential short-listing of hundreds of candidates culminating in the selection of only a small number of well-validated targets that are manageable by drug screening regimes.
Why Does Industry Not Use Immobilized Transition Metal Complexes as Catalysts? (2015)

Abstract Much effort has gone into the immobilization of homogeneous catalysts based on the idea that in this way the catalysts could be not only separated more easily from the product but also reused several times, thus reducing the cost of the catalyst use. So far none of these immobilized catalysts have been used by industry. In this article we critically review the use of immobilized homogeneous catalysts from the point of view of process development for the pharmaceutical and fine chemical industry. The first and foremost question that needs to be answered is: will immobilizing a homogeneous catalyst really lead to lower costs? The answer is thus far always no. This is caused mostly by the fact that homogeneous catalysts are not stable and thus there is little point in immobilizing them. The second reason is the extra added cost that is incurred in immobilizing the catalysts. Other problems are lower rates, sometimes lower selectivities and metal leaching. Three different areas are discussed. The research on immobilized metathesis catalysts is analyzed in detail; in general the immobilized catalysts do not achieve sufficient turnovers to be interesting for industrial use. Very many publications have appeared on immobilized palladium catalysts that were used for CC bond‐forming reactions, such as Suzuki, Heck or Sonogashira reactions. These catalysts are invariably converted to nanoparticles after the first run. Although these catalysts can be reused, there is no reason to use an expensive support based on immobilized ligands. This also does not protect the product from palladium contamination. Even more effort has gone into the immobilization of homogeneous hydrogenation catalysts. Most of these catalysts suffer from the same problems as the other immobilized catalysts: catalyst deactivation, low turnover numbers, and leaching of the metal. In addition, the heterogenization adds complexity to the system, increasing risk and prolonging process development. magnified image
Reply to the letter to the editor by G. Michaux (2010)

Dear Editor We read with interest the comments of Michaux et al. on our recommendation document. The considerations in choosing the term ‘conditioned pain modulation’ included the need to describe the wide phenomenon of changes that occur in pain perception (i.e. the ‘test stimulus’) in response to various manipulations (‘conditioning stimuli’). ‘Test stimuli’ can either decrease or increase, and ‘conditioning stimuli’ can be painful, nonpainful, or even non-somatosensory. We, therefore, elected to neither to use Heterotopic Noxious Conditioning Stimulation (HNCS), because, as also indicated by Michaux et al., it relates to just one part of this process, nor the term counter-irritation, which implies specifically a reduction in intensity of ‘test stimulus’ (i.e. ‘counter’) and an unpleasant somatosensory conditioning stimulus (i.e. ‘irritation’). Although the term ‘conditioning stimulation’ is commonly used in the field of psychology, e.g. in the Pavlovian experiments, the context of its use will preclude confusion. It is our intention that researchers in field of pain primarily use the term Conditioned Pain Modulation (CPM) to describe the whole procedure, and with it the two ‘brother’ terms of ‘conditioning stimulus’ and ‘test stimulus’. Given this terminology, we believe the chances for possible confusion seem minor. Further, we explicitly do not advocate use of the abbreviation ‘CS’, and would like to use this opportunity to recommend researchers to refrain from using it, again to prevent even the slightest chance of confusion. As to the note on the physical dimensions, it was included only to alert readers to a possible difficulty. We certainly concur that a variety of solutions can be found for relative calculations of change in physical measures.
Association of residential dampness and mold with respiratory tract infections and bronchitis: a meta-analysis (2010)

Abstract Background Dampness and mold have been shown in qualitative reviews to be associated with a variety of adverse respiratory health effects, including respiratory tract infections. Several published meta-analyses have provided quantitative summaries for some of these associations, but not for respiratory infections. Demonstrating a causal relationship between dampness-related agents, which are preventable exposures, and respiratory tract infections would suggest important new public health strategies. We report the results of quantitative meta-analyses of published studies that examined the association of dampness or mold in homes with respiratory infections and bronchitis. Methods For primary studies meeting eligibility criteria, we transformed reported odds ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals (CIs) to the log scale. Both fixed and random effects models were applied to the log ORs and their variances. Most studies contained multiple estimated ORs. Models accounted for the correlation between multiple results within the studies analyzed. One set of analyses was performed with all eligible studies, and another set restricted to studies that controlled for age, gender, smoking, and socioeconomic status. Subgroups of studies were assessed to explore heterogeneity. Funnel plots were used to assess publication bias. Results The resulting summary estimates of ORs from random effects models based on all studies ranged from 1.38 to 1.50, with 95% CIs excluding the null in all cases. Use of different analysis models and restricting analyses based on control of multiple confounding variables changed findings only slightly. ORs (95% CIs) from random effects models using studies adjusting for major confounding variables were, for bronchitis, 1.45 (1.32-1.59); for respiratory infections, 1.44 (1.31-1.59); for respiratory infections excluding nonspecific upper respiratory infections, 1.50 (1.32-1.70), and for respiratory infections in children or infants, 1.48 (1.33-1.65). Little effect of publication bias was evident. Estimated attributable risk proportions ranged from 8% to 20%. Conclusions Residential dampness and mold are associated with substantial and statistically significant increases in both respiratory infections and bronchitis. If these associations were confirmed as causal, effective control of dampness and mold in buildings would prevent a substantial proportion of respiratory infections.
Fortified Networks: Improving the Robustness of Deep Networks by Modeling the Manifold of Hidden Representations (2018)

Deep networks have achieved impressive results across a variety of important tasks. However a known weakness is a failure to perform well when evaluated on data which differ from the training distribution, even if these differences are very small, as is the case with adversarial examples. We propose Fortified Networks, a simple transformation of existing networks, which fortifies the hidden layers in a deep network by identifying when the hidden states are off of the data manifold, and maps these hidden states back to parts of the data manifold where the network performs well. Our principal contribution is to show that fortifying these hidden states improves the robustness of deep networks and our experiments (i) demonstrate improved robustness to standard adversarial attacks in both black-box and white-box threat models; (ii) suggest that our improvements are not primarily due to the gradient masking problem and (iii) show the advantage of doing this fortification in the hidden layers instead of the input space.
Control of defects during laser surface alloying (1999)

Laser surface alloying is a new and promising technique for generating surface alloys having a wide range of favourable properties. The process involves altering the surfaces of inexpensive substrates by adding small quantities of alloying elements to a pool of molten metal produced by local melting using the intense heat of a laser. Certain defects such as cracks, porosity, surface roughness, compositional inhomogeneity, and excessive dilution have been observed during laser alloying (pulsed Nd : YAG laser) with chromium on mild steel, and with molybdenum and Ni–Mo on stain less steel. Specific deterioration in surface properties has been observed and discussed and the techniques utilised to control such defects have been outlined.
Accurate Face Localisation for Faces under Active Near-IR Illumination. (2006)

In this paper we propose a novel approach to accurate face localisation for faces under Near-Infrared (Near-IR) illumination. The circular shape of the bright pupils is a scale and rotation invariant feature which is exploited to quickly detect pupil candidates. As the first step of face localisation, a rule-based pupil detector is employed to find candidate pupil edges from the edge map. Candidate eye centres for each eye are selected from the neighborhood of corresponding pupil regions and sorted based on the similarity to eye templates. Two Support Vector Machine(SVM) classifiers based on eye appearance are employed to validate those candidates for each eye individually. Finally candidates are further validated in pair by an SVM classifier based on global face appearance. In the experiment on a Near-IR face database with 40 subjects and 48 images per subject, 96.5 % images are accurately localised using the proposed approach. 1
Pulse-sequenced coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering spectroscopy: a method for suppression of the nonresonant background (1980)

A new technique for suppressing the nonresonant contribution to the coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) signal is presented. This involves two-laser three-beam CARS generation using picosecond pulses in which one of the pump beams is delayed with respect to the two others. A reduction of 2 orders of magnitude is obtained for the 656-cm−1 vibrational line of CS2 in a 10% mixture of CS2 in toluene. This reduction is limited by the ratio of the energy in our pulse laser to that in its trailing background, which is about 100:1. Use of alternative laser systems would reduce the background by about 1012:1.
Exact combinatorial optimization methods for physical design of regular logic bricks (2007)

As minimum feature sizes continue to scale down, increasing difficulties with subwavelength lithography have spurred research into more regular layout styles, such as Restrictive Design Rules (RDRs) [11] and regular logic fabrics [10]. In this paper we show that the simplicity and discreteness of regular fabrics give rise to powerful exact combinatorial optimization methods for the brick layout problem (the regular fabric equivalent of the cell layout problem). These methods are either inapplicable or intractable for less regular layout styles, such as the DRC-based approach of standard cell layout. Results from our prototype tool demonstrate that these optimization methods are quite practical for bricks of typical size found in large-scale designs.