gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Schubertosides A-D, new (22s)-hydroxycholestane glycosides from Allium schubertii. (1991)

Four new (22S)-hydroxycholestane glycosides, schubertosides A - D, have been isolated from the bulbs of Allium schubertii. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analaysis and hydrolysis. The advanced Mosher's method was applied to determined the C-22 absolute configuration.
Levelized Cost Analysis of Medium Voltage DC Fast Charging Station (2019)

With improvements in wide-band gap power electronics technology, it is becoming feasible for a DC fast charging station to connect directly to the distribution primary medium voltage (MV) service. This paper provides a comparative levelized cost analysis of a novel MV DC fast charger to commercial 480V DC fast charger technology. The advantages of the MV DC fast charger include a higher efficiency, a considerable reduction in weight and volume, and savings in eliminating the step-down transformer. In order to compare the operational cost of these DC charger options, the impact on system losses and peak demand are quantified through quasi-static time-series distribution feeder simulation. Based on this, the levelized cost of energy is estimated for two ownership models: utility-owned (DC as a service) and customer-owned. The results indicate that the utility-owned MV DC fast charger has the lowest levelized cost of energy based on the example feeder system analyzed.
Bacteriorhodopsin variants for optical information processing: A new approach in material science (1992)

By genetechnological modification of the biological photochrome bacteriorhodopsin a variety of new materials has been generated with photophysical properties adapted to the particular needs of various optical applications, like optically addressed spatial light modulators, real‐time interferometry, holographic pattern recognition and optical data storage. These materials were obtained by slight modifications of the amino acid sequence of wildtype bacteriorhodopsin. This new approach in material science illustrates the potential of gentechnological modifications of natural macromolecules in order to derive from them technically usable materials which advantageously employ their evolutionarily optimized properties.
High Concentration Perchlorate Degradation in Microbial Fuel Cell (2011)

In this study, microbial fuel cell was used to degrade 300 mg/L of perchlorate in the cathode chamber. Total of 77% and 47% of perchlorate were degraded with the addition of bacteria mixture and 30 mg/L of Fe/Ni nanoparticles respectively in the cathode chamber.
Two-dimensional infrared imaging by frequency upconversion at few-photon level (2012)

We demonstrated few-photon-level infrared imaging at 1040 nm by coincidence frequency upconversion with a high conversion efficiency of 31%. The full imaging was implemented without any scanning devices, thus gaining in simplicity and speed.
Bufotalin inhibits porcine kidney cortex aminopeptidase N and is cytotoxic to APN+ tumor cells (2023)

Abstract Bufadienolides are steroids that inhibit the Na + /K + ATPase pump. Recent studies show that members of the bufadienolide family also inhibit the activity of aminopeptidase N (APN). APN is upregulated in different pathologies, including cancer and is a current target for drug development. Bufadienolides are cytotoxic in tumor cells, but there is no enough evidences that inhibition of APN activity contributes to their effect. In the present contribution we investigated the effect of another member of the bufadienolide family, bufotalin, on porcine APN (pAPN) activity. Bufotalin inhibited pAPN activity with K i values in the submicromolar range and an uncompetitive inhibition mechanism; it also inhibited porcine aminopeptidase A (pAPA) activity, but with a classical reversible competitive inhibition mechanism. In addition, we determined the effect of bufotalin on the viability/metabolism of APN+ A549, H292, MeWo and CT26 cancer cells. Bufotalin was cytotoxic in a dose dependent manner; the highest cytotoxicity was detected in A549 cells, the cells with the highest APN activity. Thus, tumor cell line sensitivity to the cytotoxic effect of bufotalin correlates with cell surface APN activity.
Real-time Fourier transformation in dispersive optical fibers (1983)

The general concept of temporal Fourier transformation in dispersive media is analyzed. The real-time optical Fourier transformer is shown to be realizable by using dispersive single-mode fibers and chirping lasers.
<title>Fiber interferometry supported by EDFA amplifier</title> (2003)

In this paper we present our first experiments and results connected with a laser fiber interferometry. Basic set-up of a fiber vibrometer based on interference weak scattered light with a reference beam shows in this case that signals from photodetector are quite small and often it is impossible to detect them correctly. When the fiber interferometer works on the telecommunication wavelength 1550nm, it is a possibility to use the telecommunication fiber amplifier to gain weak optical signals into levels that are easily detectable.
Genetic Dissection of Intermated Recombinant Inbred Lines Using a New Genetic Map of Maize (2006)

A new genetic map of maize, ISU-IBM Map4, that integrates 2029 existing markers with 1329 new indel polymorphism (IDP) markers has been developed using intermated recombinant inbred lines (IRILs) from the intermated B73xMo17 (IBM) population. The website http://magi.plantgenomics.iastate.edu provides access to IDP primer sequences, sequences from which IDP primers were designed, optimized marker-specific PCR conditions, and polymorphism data for all IDP markers. This new gene-based genetic map will facilitate a wide variety of genetic and genomic research projects, including map-based genome sequencing and gene cloning. The mosaic structures of the genomes of 91 IRILs, an important resource for identifying and mapping QTL and eQTL, were defined. Analyses of segregation data associated with markers genotyped in three B73/Mo17-derived mapping populations (F2, Syn5, and IBM) demonstrate that allele frequencies were significantly altered during the development of the IBM IRILs. The observations that two segregation distortion regions overlap with maize flowering-time QTL suggest that the altered allele frequencies were a consequence of inadvertent selection. Detection of two-locus gamete disequilibrium provides another means to extract functional genomic data from well-characterized plant RILs.
Grouping Attribute Recognition for Pedestrian with Joint Recurrent Learning (2018)

Pedestrian attributes recognition is to predict attribute labels of pedestrian from surveillance images, which is a very challenging task for computer vision due to poor imaging quality and small training dataset. It is observed that semantic pedestrian attributes to be recognised tend to show semantic or visual spatial correlation. Attributes can be grouped by the correlation while previous works mostly ignore this phenomenon. Inspired by Recurrent Neural Network (RNN)'s super capability of learning context correlations, this paper proposes an end-to-end Grouping Recurrent Learning (GRL) model that takes advantage of the intra-group mutual exclusion and inter-group correlation to improve the performance of pedestrian attribute recognition. Our GRL method starts with the detection of precise body region via Body Region Proposal followed by feature extraction from detected regions. These features, along with the semantic groups, are fed into RNN for recurrent grouping attribute recognition, where intra group correlations can be learned. Extensive empirical evidence shows that our GRL model achieves state-of-the-art results, based on pedestrian attribute datasets, i.e. standard PETA and RAP datasets.
Super model (2015)

A mathematical model of fluid flow in a tube allows drug delivery to precise regions of the lung.
Thyrotropin-Stimulated Electrical Excitation and Its Refractoriness in Cultured Porcine Thyroid Cells (1986)

This report demonstrates TSH-stimulated electrical excitation in the thyroid and its refractoriness after exposure to TSH. TSH depolarizes the membrane potentials and causes action potentials. TSH-induced electrical activity is characterized by a latent period, rapid depolarization, action potentials (usually two spikes were observed), and then repolarization to the potential level of the silent phase. This TSH-induced electrical excitation is associated with iodide discharge. Previous exposure to TSH induces refractoriness of electrophysiological excitation and iodide discharge to further TSH stimulation.
Coating on Viscose Fabric with Respect to Environmental Aspect (2012)

Nimodipine is a dihydropyridine calcium antagonist which has been shown to dilate cerebral arterioles and increase cerebral blood flow in animals and humans. It has potential in the treatment of a range of cerebrovascular disorders. Major interest to date, however, has focused on its use in the prevention and treatment of the delayed ischaemic neurological deficits that frequently occur in patients with subarachnoid haemorrhages as a result of sustained cerebral vasospasm. Initial studies in which patients were treated with an intravenous infusion of nimodipine for up to 2 weeks, followed by oral treatment for 7 days, indicated that a higher proportion of patients than would normally be expected recovered with little or no permanent neurological damage. In a number of controlled studies oral nimodipine treatment for 3 weeks significantly decreased mortality rates and increased the number of patients who had a 'good' neurological outcome as compared with placebo treatment. In some of these trials fewer of the nimodipine-treated patients developed neurological deficits during the treatment period, but in none was there a significant effect on the incidence of angiographic vasospasm. It would seem that other pharmacological actions, such as increasing collateral blood flow to underperfused regions or a direct anti-ischaemic effect at the cellular level, may contribute to the clinical benefits obtained with nimodipine treatment. Preliminary results suggest that nimodipine is potentially useful in other cerebrovascular disorders, particularly ischaemic stroke. To date, nimodipine has been well-tolerated, the only adverse effects of any significance being reductions in the blood pressure of some patients and reversible increases in liver enzymes during intravenous therapy. Thus, nimodipine has significant potential in the treatment of patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage. Wider clinical use should confirm its value as a significant addition to the very limited range of therapeutic choices currently available for patients with this disorder.
The Demonstration of Bronchodilator Effects of Salbutamol Formulated in Chlorofluorocarbon and Hydrofluoroalkane-134a Metered Dose Inhalation Devices on Leukotriene D 4 -Induced Pulmonary Responses in the Guinea Pig (1997)

The demonstration of bronchodilator effects of β2-adrenergic agonists delivered by metered dose inhalation (MDI) devices can be useful in the development of new therapies for asthma or assessing the effects of a formulation. MDI formulations of hydrofluoroalkane (HFA)-134a (a chlorofluorocarbon [CFC]-free propellant), salbutamol in the HFA-134a propellant, CFC-P11/P12 propellant, and salbutamol and formoterol in the CFC propellant were evaluated for their ability to reduce leukotriene D4 (LTD4)-induced bronchoconstriction in guinea pigs using the Konzett-Rossler method. LTD4 challenges were made at various times up to 6 hours after MDI treatment. Neither the placebo vehicle propellants nor the drug formulations affected basal airflow. Only the salbutamol/CFC, formoterol/CFC, and salbutamol/HFA MDI formulations inhibited LTD4-induced bronchoconstriction. One actuation of the MDI device containing salbutamol or formoterol in the CFC propellant produced ∼100% inhibition of LTD4-induced effects following a 5-minute pretreatment period at doses greater than or equal to 10 μg per actuation. A single actuation of salbutamol (100 μg per actuation) was required to show significant inhibition 30 minutes after aerosol drug delivery (∼50% inhibition) and was inactive 1 hour after drug delivery. Inhibition with formoterol was observed at 30 minutes after aerosol delivery at 25 μg per actuation and for up to 6 hours at 100 μg per actuation. Results of this study indicate that the bronchodilator activity of MDI-delivered β2-adrenergic agonists could be demonstrated using either CFC or HFA propellants in a standard preclinical animal model.
Iterative experiment design guides the characterization of a light-inducible gene expression circuit (2015)

Systems biology rests on the idea that biological complexity can be better unraveled through the interplay of modeling and experimentation. However, the success of this approach depends critically on the informativeness of the chosen experiments, which is usually unknown a priori. Here, we propose a systematic scheme based on iterations of optimal experiment design, flow cytometry experiments, and Bayesian parameter inference to guide the discovery process in the case of stochastic biochemical reaction networks. To illustrate the benefit of our methodology, we apply it to the characterization of an engineered light-inducible gene expression circuit in yeast and compare the performance of the resulting model with models identified from nonoptimal experiments. In particular, we compare the parameter posterior distributions and the precision to which the outcome of future experiments can be predicted. Moreover, we illustrate how the identified stochastic model can be used to determine light induction patterns that make either the average amount of protein or the variability in a population of cells follow a desired profile. Our results show that optimal experiment design allows one to derive models that are accurate enough to precisely predict and regulate the protein expression in heterogeneous cell populations over extended periods of time.
Extracting Common Time Trends from Concurrent Time Series: Maximum Autocorrelation Factors with Application to Tree Ring Time Series Data (2015)

Concurrent time series commonly arise in various applications, including when monitoring the environment such as in air quality measurement networks, weather stations, oceanographic buoys, or in paleo form such as lake sediments, tree rings, ice cores, or coral isotopes, with each monitoring or sampling site providing one of the time series. The goal in such applications is to extract a common time trend or signal in the observed data. Other examples where the goal is to extract a common time trend for multiple time series are in stock price time series, neurological time series, and quality control time series. For this purpose we develop properties of MAF [Maximum Autocorrelation Factors] that linearly combines time series in order to maximize the resulting SNR [signal-to-noise-ratio] where there are multiple smooth signals present in the data. Equivalence is established in a regression setting between MAF and CCA [Canonical Correlation Analysis] even though MAF does not require specific signal knowledge as opposed to CCA. We proceed to derive the theoretical properties of MAF and quantify the SNR advantages of MAF in comparison with PCA [Principal Components Analysis], a commonly used method for linearly combining time series, and compare their statistical sample properties. MAF and PCA are then applied to real and simulated data sets to illustrate MAFs efficacy.
Effect of advanced glycation end products on STING pathway in macrophage (2022)

2&apos;3&apos;-Cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) is derived from cancer cell and activates innate immune response via stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway. STING is an endoplasmic reticulum-localized transmembrane protein and associated with regulation of several signaling pathway. STING bound with cGAMP lead to the phosphorylation of TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1). Phosphorylated TBK1 activates interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and NF-κB, resulting in induction of type 1 interferon and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Type 1 interferon such as IFNβ and CXCL10 has antitumor activity through activation of several immune cells. Therefore, STING pathway play a crucial role in cancer immunity. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), especially toxic AGEs derived from glycolaldehyde (AGE-3), are biologically reactive compounds associated with diabetic complications and aging-related disorders. Although accumulation of AGEs has been observed in regions of several cancer types, its role for cancer immunity remains unclear. In the present study, we examined the effect of toxic AGEs on the STING pathways in macrophages. In THP-1 cells which is a human monocytic leukemia cell line, cGAMP induced the phosphorylation of TBK1, IRF3 and NF-κB. Glycolaldehyde-derived AGE (AGE3) dose-dependently suppressed cGAMP-induced the phosphorylation of TBK1, IRF3 and NF-κB. These results may suggest that toxic AGE negatively regulate STING pathways of macrophage and suppress cancer immunity.
Subretinal Transplantation of Embryonic Stem Cell–Derived Retinal Pigment Epithelium for the Treatment of Macular Degeneration: An Assessment at 4 Years (2016)

Advanced macular degeneration is an important cause of vision loss in the United States with over 2 million people affected by the disease. Despite substantial progress in the development of new therapies for wet AMD, the severe visual impairment associated with geographic atrophy in dry AMD or Stargardt disease remains untreatable. Recently, two phase I/II studies involving 18 patients with these diseases have demonstrated that it is possible to safely implant human embryonic stem cell-derived RPE (hESC-RPE) in an attempt to rescue photoreceptors and visual function. The anatomical and functional results are encouraging, with more than half of treated patients experiencing sustained improvements in visual acuity and demonstrating evidence of possible cellular engraftment. However, any conclusions remain tempered by the relatively short follow-up time, lack of a formal control group, poor initial visual acuity, and small number of patients. Aside from an instance of postoperative infectious endophthalmitis, no adverse events related to the cell therapy, such as hyperproliferation, tumorigenicity, or rejection-related inflammation were noted in this initial cohort of 18 patients. These first-in-human safety studies have opened the door to future studies enrolling patients with less advanced disease, treating other diseases that result in RPE loss, employing shorter immunosuppressive regimens, and using alternative strategies for RPE transplantation such as sheets of cells with or without scaffolding to mimic Bruch's membrane. The ultimate goal of these initial safety studies is to promote continued translation of complex biological therapies into meaningful treatment strategies that may address unmet medical needs.
Evaluation of pyrimido[5,4‐d]pyrimidine derivatives as peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence reagents using a flow injection system (1990)

Eighteen kinds of pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidines together with several commercially available fluorescent compounds such as perylene, Rhodamine B, etc., were evaluated as the reagents for a peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence (CL) detection system by using a flow injection method. The peroxyoxalate CL reaction employed consists of bis(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)oxalate, hydrogen peroxide, triethylamine, and a fluorophore. Under the conditions used, 2,6-bis[di-(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-4,8- dipiperidinopyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine (Dipyridamole) and 2,4,6,8-tetrathiomorpholinopyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine (1i) gave very intense chemiluminescence intensities which were larger than those of any other commercially available fluorescent compounds tested (e.g., 10 times larger than that of perylene).
Enhancement of Fast CO2 Capture by a Nano-SiO2/CaO Composite at Ca-Looping Conditions (2012)

In this paper we show the performance of a new CO(2) sorbent consisting of a dry physical mixture of a Ca-based sorbent and a SiO(2) nanostructured powder. Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) performed at conditions close to the Ca-looping process demonstrate that the rate of CO(2) capture by the mixture is enhanced during the fast carbonation stage of practical interest in applications. Moreover, the residual capture capacity of the mixture is increased. SEM/EDX, physisorption, and XRD analyses indicate that there is a relevant interaction between the nanostructured SiO(2) skeleton and CaO at high temperatures, which serves to improve the efficiency of the transfer of CO(2) to small reactive pores as well as the stability of the sorbent pore structure.
Wheat grain yield and nitrogen uptake as influenced by fertilizer placement depth (2020)

Abstract Global nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) for cereal production is estimated to be only 33%. Providing producers with efficient methods to increase the effectiveness of their N applications is integral to agricultural sustainability and environmental quality. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) injected at different depths on grain yield and uptake of N in grain. Liquid UAN (28–0–0) was applied in bands at depths of 5 and 10 cm, along with surface applications, all at various N rates around Feekes growth stage 5. Placement depth had the most significant impact on yield at low N rates. Subsurface application at 10 cm was most beneficial in low N no‐till (NT) soils, whereas surface treatments produced higher yields in low N environments of conventional till (CT) systems. Three of the four locations experienced higher rates of N uptake from subsurface applications when compared with surface treatments. No difference in grain N uptake was apparent between application depths of 5 and 10 cm. Subsurface N applications were beneficial in reducing rates of ammonia volatilization from urea‐based fertilizers. While there was no clear separation between 5 and 10 cm application depths, subsurface depths of 10 cm provide the most significant promise in benefiting yield in low N environments of NT soils and increasing grain N across CT and NT systems.
The osa gene of pSa encodes a 21.1-kilodalton protein that suppresses Agrobacterium tumefaciens oncogenicity (1991)

The incompatibility group W plasmid pSa suppresses Agrobacterium tumefaciens oncogenicity (J. Loper and C. Kado, J. Bacteriol. 139:591-596, 1979). The oncogenic suppressive activity was localized to a 3.1-kb region of pSa by Tn5 mutagenesis and deletion analysis. Within this fragment, a 1.1-kb subclone bearing oncogenic suppressive activity was subjected to further characterization. Nucleotide sequencing of the 1.1-kb fragment revealed a 570-bp open reading frame (ORF1) that has a coding capacity for a protein of 21.1 kDa. Sequencing of flanking regions revealed a second ORF (ORF2) located 3 bp upstream of ORF1, with a coding capacity for a protein of 22.8 kDa. Gene fusions of these ORFs to a T7 phi 10 expression system in Escherichia coli resulted in the synthesis of polypeptides of the predicted sizes. An E. coli promoter consensus sequence was not found in the expected positions in the region preceding ORF1. However, several sequences with similarity to the consensus -10 sequence of the A. tumefaciens vir gene promoters were found upstream of ORF1. Potential translational start signals are upstream of ORF1 and ORF2. These sequences showed no significant similarity at the nucleotide or amino acid levels with those in available data bases. However, the C-terminal portion of the ORF1 protein is rich in hydrophobic residues. Perhaps oncogenicity suppression is effected by an association of this protein with the Agrobacterium membrane such that T-DNA transfer is blocked.