gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intermittent Optogenetic Tachypacing of Atrial Engineered Heart Tissue Induces Only Limited Electrical Remodelling (2020)

Atrial tachypacing is an accepted model for atrial fibrillation (AF) in large animals and in cellular models. Human induced pluripotent stem cells-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CM) provide a novel human source to model cardiovascular diseases. Here, we investigated whether optogenetic tachypacing of atrial-like hiPSC-CMs grown into engineered heart tissue (aEHT) can induce AF-remodeling. After differentiation of atrial-like cardiomyocytes from hiPSCs using retinoic acid, aEHTs were generated from ∼1 million atrial-like hiPSC-CMs per aEHT. AEHTs were transduced with lentivirus expressing channelrhodopsin-2 to enable optogenetic stimulation by blue light pulses. AEHTs underwent optical tachypacing at 5 Hz for 15 seconds twice a minute over 3 weeks and compared with transduced spontaneously beating isogenic aEHTs (1.95 ± 0.07 Hz). Force and action potential duration did not differ between spontaneously beating and tachypaced aEHTs. Action potentials in tachypaced aEHTs showed higher upstroke velocity (138 ± 15 vs. 87 ± 11 V/s, n = 15-13/3; P = 0.018), possibly corresponding to a tendency for more negative diastolic potentials (73.0 ± 1.8 vs. 68.0 ± 1.9 mV; P = 0.07). Tachypaced aEHTs exhibited a more irregular spontaneous beating pattern (beat-to-beat scatter: 0.07 ± 0.01 vs. 0.03 ± 0.004 seconds, n = 15-13/3; P = 0.008). Targeted expression analysis showed higher RNA levels of KCNJ12 [Kir2.2, inward rectifier (IK1); 69 ± 7 vs. 44 ± 4, P = 0.014] and NPPB (NT-proBNP; 39,690 ± 4834 vs. 23,671 ± 3691; P = 0.024). Intermittent tachypacing in aEHTs induces some electrical alterations found in AF and induces an arrhythmic spontaneous beating pattern, but does not affect resting force. Further studies using longer, continuous, or more aggressive stimulation may clarify the contribution of different rate patterns on the changes in aEHT mimicking the remodeling process from paroxysmal to persistent atrial fibrillation.
Comparison of Live Avirulent M-9, Minnesota, and CU Fowl Cholera Vaccines (1991)

The M-9 and Minnesota (MN) avirulent Pasteurella multocida vaccines were evaluated and compared with the Clemson University (CU) vaccine, which had been shown to be highly effective in preventing fowl cholera in turkeys. Neither the M-9 nor the MN vaccine given in the drinking water was as effective as the CU vaccine in protecting turkeys against challenge with virulent P. multocida. When grown in brain-heart infusion (BHI) agar as recommended, the M-9 was not as efficacious as when it was grown in BHI broth. The M-9 was as effective as the CU vaccine only when grown in BHI broth and given at 10 times the standard dosage. Injection of the M-9 vaccine into the air spaces of the head at a site near the caudal rim of the ear after one vaccination in the drinking water was not as effective for hyperimmunizing potential breeders as was the CU vaccine injected at the same site. A microtiter agglutination test demonstrated a significant (P less than 0.05) correlation between the level of anti-P. multocida antibody found 1 week after vaccination and survival after challenge with virulent P. multocida.
Synthesis, Optical, and Electroluminescent Properties of Alternating Copolymer Based on Phenothiazine and Fluorene with Oxadiazole Pendant (2011)

A new alternating copolymer based on phenothiazine-fluorene with aromatic 1,3,4-oxadiazole (OXD) as a side chain (poly(10-{4-[5-(4-tert-butyl-phenyl)-[1,3,4]oxadiazol-2-yl]-phenyl}-phenothiazine-3,7-diyl-alt-9,9-dihexyl-2,7-fluorene, PTOXDPF) was synthesized by the Suzuki coupling reaction. The maximum absorption wavelength of PTOXDPF solution showed at 410 nm which was dramatically blue-shifted than that of the polymer without OXD (poly(10-hexylphenothiazine-3,7-diyl-alt-9,9-dihexyl-2,7-fluorene, PTPF). This is due to that the presence of OXD pendant reduces the possibility of inter-chain interactions. The HOMO energy level of PTOXDPF estimated from the cyclic voltammetry was -5.13 eV, which was similar to the polymer without OXD pendant (PTPF). The OXD pendant does not affect HOMO energy level significantly. This is due to that oxidation potential of PTOXDPF dominated by the phenothiazine unit. The maximum efficiency and brightness of the electroluminescent (EL) device based on PTOXDPF (ITO/PEDOT/PTOXDPF/Al) were 45.4 cd/m2 and 5.21 × 10−2 cd/A, which were dramatically higher than PTPF (2.65 cd/m2 and 1.32 × 10−3 cd/A). This is presumably due to that the OXD pendant in PTOXDPF improves the electron transporting ability in the emissive layer.
A molded deep‐UV portable conformable masking system (1986)

Abstract A second‐generation capped deep‐UV portable conformable masking system Is described. Two major improvements of this system are; (1) The replacement of the PMMA bottom layer with the PMMA‐MA‐MAN terpolymer which has a higher thermal stability and a higher deep‐UV sensitivity. (2) The application of the mold hardening process to eliminate the “wings” protruding from the novolac‐terpolymer interface, to facilitate a better choice of developers for the bottom layer, and to provide a better refractive index match between the novolac image lines.
Herstellung feinverteilter Metall‐ und Legierungspulver (1990)

Durch Reduktion oder Coreduktion von Metallsalzen in organischen Solventien lassen sich unter milden Bedingungen feinverteilte Metall‐ und Legierungspulver herstellen. Mit dieser neuartigen „kalten Pulvertechnologie”︁ erhält man mikrokristalline bis röntgenamorphe Metalle und Legierungen (Partikelgröße gemäß REM‐Aufnahmen 10–100 nm). Die Abscheidung gelingt auch auf Trägermaterialien, was für katalytische Anwendungen besonders interessant ist.
In vitro -Osteoclastic Activity Studies on Surfaces of 3D Printed Calcium Phosphate Scaffolds (2010)

Various biomaterials have been developed for the use as bone substitutes for bone defects. To optimize their integration and functionality, they should be adapted to the individual defect. Rapid prototyping is a manufacturing method to tailor materials to the 3D geometry of the defect. Especially 3D printing allows the manufacture of implants, the shape of which can be designed to fit the bone defect using anatomical information obtained from the patient. 3D printing of calcium phosphates, which are well established as bone substitutes, involves a sintering step after gluing the granules together by a binder liquid. In this study, we analyzed if and how these 3D printed calcium phosphate surfaces can be resorbed by osteoclast-like cells. On 3D printed scaffold surfaces consisting of pure HA and β-TCP as well as a biphasic mixture of HA and TCP the osteoclastic cell differentiation was studied. In this regard, cell proliferation, differentiation, and activation were analyzed with the monocytic cell line RAW 264.7. The results show that osteoclast-like cells were able to resorb calcium phosphate surfaces consisting of granules. Furthermore, biphasic calcium phosphate ceramics exhibit, because of their osteoclastic activation ability, the most promising surface properties to serve as 3D printed bone substitute scaffolds.
Abstract 15000: Advanced Hemodynamics in the Assessment of Waitlist Mortality (2022)

Introduction: Our analysis seeks to determine whether it or advanced hemodynamic variables, including aortic pulsatility index (API), pulmonary artery pulsatility index (PAPI), left ventricular stroke work index (LVSWI), or right ventricular stroke work index (RVSWI), correlated more strongly than traditional metrics with waitlist mortality for heart transplant. Hypothesis: Advanced hemodynamic markers of cardiac function, including API and PAPI, correlate more strongly with waitlist mortality than traditional hemodynamic criteria, including SBP and PCWP. Methods: This retrospective analysis of the Scientific Registry of Transplant Candidates (SRTR) included adults listed at all Statuses after the new heart allocation system in 2018. Hemodynamic data was obtained for patients listed after the 2018 policy change. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was completed, with API, PAPI, LVSWI, and RVSWI as the independent variable stratified into quintiles. Results: There were 9,418 patients listed for heart transplant since the new policy implementation, with 8,636 patients with complete hemodynamic data at listing. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that API and LVSWI were best at stratifying patients appropriately in terms of waitlist survival with homogeneity of dispersion between groups (Figure 1), (lowest API quintile to highest: HR 2.04, 95%CI 1.94 - 2.15; HR 1.70, 1.59 - 1.81; HR 1.40, 1.29-1.51; HR 1.19, 1.08 - 1.30). The traditional parameters of PCWP, CO and systolic blood pressure had considerable dispersion of risk between quintiles while the right-sided parameters of PAPI and RVSWI did not. Conclusions: Advanced left-sided hemodynamic parameters better risk strategy waitlist mortality and the urgent need for heart transplantation than traditional metrics or right-sided advanced parameters.
Intake of Cattle Offered Normal and Lodged Tall Fescue Swards (1999)

Grazing behavior of livestock may be altered when grass swards are lodged by trampling or wind and rain. We used a balanced change-over design to investigate the effects of lodging on the ingestive behavior of Angus cows (Bos taurus L.)(mass (M): 344 kg) grazing swards of vegetative endophyte-free ‘Kenhy’ tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.). Animals were offered normal swards (T1), lodged swards (T2),or swards with one half of their area lodged (T3). To simulate lodging, swards were covered overnight with weighted plywood sheets that compressed sward surface height (SSH) from 34 to 14 cm and elevated sward dry matter (DM) density from 151 to 499 kg ha-1 cm-1 for herbage > 5 cm. Mean herbage DM intake per bite was 561 mg for T1, 713 mg for T2 and 792 mg for T3. Cattle grazed at 28 bites min-1 for T1, and 25 bites min-1 for both T2 and T3. Herbage DM intake rates were 0.27, 0.31, and 0.33 kg 100 kg-1 (M) hour-1 for T1, T2, and T3, respectively. In another experiment, cattle were offered equal areas of normal swards (SSH: 27 cm) and lodged swards (SSH: 16 cm), normal and partially defoliated swards (SSH: 20 cm) swards, or lodged and partially defoliated swards. When offered normal and lodged swards, 64% of DM intake came from normal swards. When offered normal and partially defoliated swards about 60% of DM intake came from normal swards. Cattle grazed equally on lodged and partially defoliated sward segments when offered that choice.
Rationale and Design of a Panel Study Investigating Six Health Effects of Airborne Pollen: The EPOCHAL Study (2021)

<b>Background:</b> While airborne pollen is widely recognized as a seasonal cause of sneezing and itchy eyes, its effects on pulmonary function, cardiovascular health, sleep quality, and cognitive performance are less well-established. It is likely that the public health impact of pollen may increase in the future due to a higher population prevalence of pollen sensitization as well as earlier, longer, and more intense pollen seasons, trends attributed to climate change. The effects of pollen on health outcomes have previously been studied through cross-sectional design or at two time points, namely preceding and within the period of pollen exposure. We are not aware of any observational study in adults that has analyzed the dose-response relationship between daily ambient pollen concentration and cardiovascular, pulmonary, cognitive, sleep, or quality of life outcomes. Many studies have relied on self-reported pollen allergy status rather than objectively confirming pollen sensitization. In addition, many studies lacked statistical power due to small sample sizes or were highly restrictive with their inclusion criteria, making the findings less transferable to the "real world." <b>Methods:</b> The EPOCHAL study is an observational panel study which aims to relate ambient pollen concentration to six specific health domains: (1) pulmonary function and inflammation; (2) cardiovascular outcomes (blood pressure and heart rate variability); (3) cognitive performance; (4) sleep; (5) health-related quality of life (HRQoL); and (6) allergic rhinitis symptom severity. Our goal is to enroll 400 individuals with diverse allergen sensitization profiles. The six health domains will be assessed while ambient exposure to pollen of different plants naturally varies. Health data will be collected through six home nurse visits (at approximately weekly intervals) as well as 10 days of independent tracking of blood pressure, sleep, cognitive performance, HRQoL, and symptom severity by participants. Through repeated health assessments, we aim to uncover and characterize dose-response relationships between exposure to different species of pollen and numerous acute health effects, considering (non-)linearity, thresholds, plateaus and slopes. <b>Conclusion:</b> A gain of knowledge in pollen-health outcome relationships is critical to inform future public health policies and will ultimately lead toward better symptom forecasts and improved personalized prevention and treatment.
Automatic Spatial Audio Scene Classification in Binaural Recordings of Music (2019)

The aim of the study was to develop a method for automatic classification of the three spatial audio scenes, differing in horizontal distribution of foreground and background audio content around a listener in binaurally rendered recordings of music. For the purpose of the study, audio recordings were synthesized using thirteen sets of binaural-room-impulse-responses (BRIRs), representing room acoustics of both semi-anechoic and reverberant venues. Head movements were not considered in the study. The proposed method was assumption-free with regards to the number and characteristics of the audio sources. A least absolute shrinkage and selection operator was employed as a classifier. According to the results, it is possible to automatically identify the spatial scenes using a combination of binaural and spectro-temporal features. The method exhibits a satisfactory classification accuracy when it is trained and then tested on different stimuli but synthesized using the same BRIRs (accuracy ranging from 74% to 98%), even in highly reverberant conditions. However, the generalizability of the method needs to be further improved. This study demonstrates that in addition to the binaural cues, the Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients constitute an important carrier of spatial information, imperative for the classification of spatial audio scenes.
PetaVolts per meter Plasmonics: Snowmass21 White Paper (2022)

Plasmonic modes offer the potential to achieve PetaVolts per meter fields, that would transform the current paradigm in collider development in addition to non-collider searches in fundamental physics. PetaVolts per meter plasmonics relies on collective oscillations of the free electron Fermi gas inherent in the conduction band of materials that have a suitable combination of constituent atoms and ionic lattice structure. As the conduction band free electron density, at equilibrium, can be as high as $\rm 10^{24}cm^{-3}$, electromagnetic fields of the order of $\rm 0.1 \sqrt{\rm n_0(10^{24}cm^{-3})} ~ PVm^{-1}$ can be sustained by plasmonic modes. Engineered materials not only allow highly tunable material properties but quite critically make it possible to overcome disruptive instabilities that dominate the interactions in bulk media. Due to rapid shielding by the free electron Fermi gas, dielectric effects are strongly suppressed. Because the ionic lattice, the corresponding electronic energy bands and the free electron gas are governed by quantum mechanical effects, comparisons with plasmas are merely notional. Based on this framework, it is critical to address various challenges that underlie PetaVolts per meter plasmonics including stable excitation of plasmonic modes while accounting for their effects on the ionic lattice and the electronic energy band structure over femtosecond timescales. We summarize the ongoing theoretical and experimental efforts as well as map out strategies for the future. Extreme plasmonic fields can shape the future by not only bringing tens of TeV to multi-PeV center-of-mass-energies within reach but also by opening novel pathways in non-collider HEP. In view of this promise, we invite the scientific community to help realize the immense potential of PV/m plasmonics and call for significant expansion of the US and international R\&amp;D program.
An event structure based semantics for high-level message sequence charts (2002)

This paper details a partial order semantics for families of scenarios represented by High-Level Message Sequence Charts (HMSCs): graph grammars generating event structures are used to represent HMSCs. A decision procedure for HMSC equivalence is then described. This can be considered as a first step towards the formal manipulation of scenarios.
Primary Creep Behaviour of Two-Phase Titanium Alloy with Various Microstructure (2016)

Abstract Creep and fatigue properties of two-phase titanium alloys show strong dependence on microstructure, especially morphology of the α and β phases which can be controlled to certain extent by proper selection of hot working and heat treatment conditions. In the paper the creep behaviour of Ti-6Al-2Mo-2Cr alloy (VT3-1) at elevated temperature was modelled. Finite element analyses of primary creep stage were carried out taking into account some microstructural features of the two-phase alloy that were included in the physical model and different properties of α and β phases. In order to verify results of calculations distinct types of microstructure were developed in the alloy by heat treatment and creep tests were carried out at elevated temperature (450°C) at various stress levels. Based on the FEM simulations the effect of changes of some microstructure features on primary creep strain development was estimated.
Genetic effects of 2-aminopurine in mammalian cells (1990)

The effects of 2-aminopurine (APur) on mutations, sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) and proliferation were investigated in V79 cells by means of cytogenetic and flowcytometric experiments. APur did not induce SCEs after a 3-h treatment before the addition of BrdUrd but SCE frequencies were increased after treatment for two cell cycles in the presence of BrdUrd. SCEs were mainly produced during the second cell cycle of the SCE experiment when BrdUrd substituted DNA is replicated. APur also caused a high percentage of polyploid cells. Compared on the basis of DNA content, SCE induction was the same in diploid and tetraploid metaphases. APur-induced SCEs are strongly influenced by nucleosides. The presence of deoxycytidine (dCyd) caused a reduction of AP-induced SCEs to about control level while addition of deoxythymidine (dThd) enhanced SCE induction. Flow cytometric measurements revealed a small increase in S-Phase cells and a strong accumulation in G2/M after APur treatment in the presence of BrdUrd. S-phase delay was strongly enhanced when BrdUrd substituted DNA is replicated. Addition of dCyd removed the APur-induced inhibition of S-phase in both protocols. Using the same treatment protocol, APur also induced mutations at the HPRT locus. In contrast to their effects on SCEs and proliferation neither BrdUrd nor dCyd had an effect on APur-induced mutations, and dThd reduced the mutation frequency. The results demonstrate that APur-induced SCEs and mutations occur independently from each other. APur-induced mutations obviously occur by a mispairing mechanism while SCEs are a consequence of pool imbalances during replication.
Hybrid time-frequency layered space-time receivers for severe time-dispersive channels (2005)

Single carrier modulations (SC) combined with frequency domain equalization (FDE) techniques have been shown to be a valuable alternative to the popular OFDM modulations, especially in regard to its robustness to RF implementation impairments. We introduce a class of SC-FDE receivers for a layered space-time architecture (LST). These receivers have a hybrid structure with frequency domain feedforward and time domain feedback filters. The performance of the proposed receivers are evaluated for severe time-dispersive channels.
Indexing multi-metric data (2016)

The proliferation of the Web 2.0 and the ubiquitousness of social media yield a huge flood of heterogenous data that is voluntarily published and shared by billions of individual users all over the world. As a result, the representation of an entity (such as a real person) in this data may consist of various data types, including location and other numeric attributes, textual descriptions, images, videos, social network information and other types of information. Searching similar entities in this multi-enriched data exploiting the information of multiple representations simultaneously promises to yield more interesting and relevant information than searching among each data type individually. While efficient similarity search on single representations is a well studied problem, existing studies lacks appropriate solutions for multi-enriched data taking into account the combination of all representations as a whole. In this paper, we address the problem of index-supported similarity search on multi-enriched (a.k.a. multi-represented) objects based on a set of metrics, one metric for each representation. We define multimetric similarity search queries by employing user-defined weight function specifying the impact of each metric at query time. Our main contribution is an index structure which combines all metrics into a single multi-dimensional access method that works for arbitrary weights preferences. The experimental evaluation shows that our proposed index structure is more efficient than existing multi-metric access methods considering different cost criteria and tremendously outperforms traditional approaches when querying very large sets of multi-enriched objects.
The automation synergy (2002)

A new automatic equipment could be the opportunity to implement transformations such as the profits going beyond those foreseen in machine investment. The work described in this paper was developed in Leonische Portugal Lda, an electric cable supplier for the automobile industry. The staff has decided to buy a sophisticated machine (ARA) that would improve the cutting and crimping operations. On the other hand, the cutting section, where the machine would be installed, presented some problems: a complicated material routing, a problematic material follow-up and an informal quality control system. The solution suggested and implemented in the cutting section has the following characteristics: (1) a new layout with two goals: introduction of new equipment and reduce the material handling; (2) a computer based production planning that increases the system possibilities; (3) a new bar codes based identification system that allows the on-line control of production orders status; (4) a local operator based quality control system with the advantage of problems identifications in premature phase.
Biomarkers for Sepsis (2014)

Bloodstream infections are a major concern because of high levels of antibiotic consumption and of the increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance. Bacteraemia is identified in a small percentage of patients with signs and symptoms of sepsis. Biomarkers are widely used in clinical practice and they are useful for monitoring the infectious process. Procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) have been most widely used, but even these have limited abilities to distinguish sepsis from other inflammatory conditions or to predict outcome. PCT has been used to guide empirical antibacterial therapy in patients with respiratory infections and help to determine if antibacterial therapy can be stopped. New biomarkers such as those in this review will discuss the major types of biomarkers of bloodstream infections/sepsis, including soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1), soluble urokinase-type plasminogen receptor (suPAR), proadrenomedullin (ProADM), and presepsin.