gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel neurotrophic pyrimidine compound MS-818 enhances neurotrophic effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (1998)

MS-818 (2-piperadino-6-methyl-5-oxo-5, 6-dihydro (7H) pyrrolo [2,3-d]pyrimidine maleate), a newly synthesized heterocyclic pyrimidine derivative, promotes neurite outgrowth in neuronal cell lines. The survival-promoting effect of MS-818 on cultured neurons isolated from mouse cortices was examined. MS-818 promoted neuronal survival by inhibiting apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. MS-818 treatment also activated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) of the extracellular signal regulation kinase 2, as demonstrated by Western blot analysis. The MAPK activation level in the cultures treated with MS-818 was almost equivalent to that in cultures treated with nerve growth factor but was less than that in cultures treated with epidermal growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). MAPK was activated within 3 min after the addition of MS-818, and its activity level returned to baseline within 120 min. Its activation was protein kinase C independent. We further investigated the effect of concurrent treatment with MS-818 and bFGF on neuronal survival. MS-818 enhanced the neuronal survival-promoting effect of bFGF in shifting the half-maximally effective dose from 2.1 ng/ml to 0.036 ng/ml in the sigmoidal dose effect of bFGF and permitted nearly maximum MAPK activation. The enhancement by MS-818 of the neuronal survival-promoting effect of bFGF was accompanied by sustained activation of MAPK to a degree that far exceeded, in magnitude and duration, the cooperative effect of MS-818 and bFGF. These results indicate that MS-818 promotes neuronal survival and enhances the neurotrophic actions of bFGF through stimulation of synchronous signals that may elevate MAPK levels within neurons.
First Enantioselective Synthesis and Absolute Stereochemistry Assignment of New Monoterpene Aldehyde‐Esters from Bupleurum gibraltaricum (2007)

Abstract The first enantioselective synthesis of two new monoterpene aldehyde‐esters from Bupleurum gibraltaricum , starting from an enantiopure building block, is described. The key step is a strictly controlled esterification to afford the somewhat unstable target compounds. The previously unknown absolute stereochemistries of these natural products have been established.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
[Chronic hepatitis C/autoimmune hepatitis overlap syndrome: report of two cases]. (2004)

The coexistence of non-organ specific autoantibodies and chronic hepatitis C features raises the dilemma as to whether the pathogenesis is viral or autoimmune and consequently to be treated with interferon or corticosteroids. Two cases with autoimmune characteristics and chronic hepatitis C are reported. We discuss the possibility of classifying this overlap form in three distinct entities: viral disease with an autoimmune epiphenomenon ("false hepatitis C/autoimmune hepatitis overlap syndrome"), viral disease associated to an autoimmune pathogenic component ("true hepatitis C/autoimmune hepatitis overlap syndrome") and false serological anti-HCV positivity in classical autoimmune hepatitis. In our experience the interferon/corticosteroid association was successful.
Prevalence of lameness among dairy cattle in Wisconsin as a function of housing type and stall surface (2003)

Results suggest that the prevalence of lameness among dairy cattle in Wisconsin is higher than previously thought and that lameness prevalence is associated with season, housing type, and stall surface.
β-Sitosterol Solubility in Selected Organic Solvents (2010)

β-Sitosterol solubility in five solvents including methanol, ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane has been determined experimentally by a static analytical method at various temperatures ranging from (278.15 to 333.15) K. The compositions of β-sitosterol in saturated solution were analyzed by UV spectrometry. The solubility of β-sitosterol is represented by a best-fit equation for each solvent.
XtreemFS (2013)

Cloud computing poses new challenges to data storage. While cloud providers use shared distributed hardware, which is inherently unreliable and insecure, cloud users expect their data to be safely and securely stored, available at any time, and accessible in the same way as their locally stored data. In this chapter, the authors present XtreemFS, a file system for the cloud. XtreemFS reconciles the need of cloud providers for cheap scale-out storage solutions with that of cloud users for a reliable, secure, and easy data access. The main contributions of the chapter are: a description of the internal architecture of XtreemFS, which presents an approach to build large-scale distributed POSIX-compliant file systems on top of cheap, off-the-shelf hardware; a description of the XtreemFS security infrastructure, which guarantees an isolation of individual users despite shared and insecure storage and network resources; a comprehensive overview of replication mechanisms in XtreemFS, which guarantee consistency, availability, and durability of data in the face of component failures; an overview of the snapshot infrastructure of XtreemFS, which allows to capture and freeze momentary states of the file system in a scalable and fault-tolerant fashion. The authors also compare XtreemFS with existing solutions and argue for its practicability and potential in the cloud storage market.
Combustion Properties of Biomass Flash Pyrolysis Oils: Final Project Report (1999)

Thermochemical pyrolysis of solid biomass feedstocks, with subsequent condensation of the pyrolysis vapors, has been investigated in the U.S. and internationally as a means of producing a liquid fuel for power production from biomass. This process produces a fuel with significantly different physical and chemical properties from traditional petroleum-based fuel oils. In addition to storage and handling difficulties with pyrolysis oils, concern exists over the ability to use this fuel effectively in different combustors. The report endeavors to place the results and conclusions from Sandia's research into the context of international efforts to utilize pyrolysis oils. As a special supplement to this report, Dr. Steven Gust, of Finland's Neste Oy, has provided a brief assessment of pyrolysis oil combustion research efforts and commercialization prospects in Europe.
Detection of Helicobacter pylori in Human Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaques (2001)

H pylori is present in a substantial number of carotid atherosclerotic lesions and is associated with features of inflammatory cell response. This study provides additional evidence of the relationship between H pylori infection and atherosclerotic disease.
Ki67 immunohistochemistry: a valuable marker in prognostication but with a risk of misclassification: proliferation subgroups formed based on Ki67 immunoreactivity and standardized mitotic index (2006)

We have found a 'wrong positive' Ki67 group with favourable prognosis. SMI cannot be replaced by Ki67 because of the danger of misclassification of some patients.
A kernel- and optimal transport- based test of independence between\n covariates and right-censored lifetimes (2019)

We propose a nonparametric test of independence, termed optHSIC, between a\ncovariate and a right-censored lifetime. Because the presence of censoring\ncreates a challenge in applying the standard permutation-based testing\napproaches, we use optimal transport to transform the censored dataset into an\nuncensored one, while preserving the relevant dependencies. We then apply a\npermutation test using the kernel-based dependence measure as a statistic to\nthe transformed dataset. The type 1 error is proven to be correct in the case\nwhere censoring is independent of the covariate. Experiments indicate that\noptHSIC has power against a much wider class of alternatives than Cox\nproportional hazards regression and that it has the correct type 1 control even\nin the challenging cases where censoring strongly depends on the covariate.\n
Extracellular Calcium Is a Potent Inducer of Cyclo-oxygenase-2 in Murine Osteoblasts Through an ERK Signaling Pathway (2003)

COX-2 mRNA and protein expression were induced by 3-40 mM of [Ca2+]e. [Ca2+]e (5 mM) induced COX-2 mRNA within 30 minutes; levels peaked at 6-9 h and remained elevated at 24 h. Cumulative medium PGE2 was increased at 3 h, with levels rising to 30 nM at 24 h. PGE2 production in POBs from mice with only COX-1 gene expression was 1/40th of that in POBs from mice with both COX-1 and COX-2 gene expression. [Ca2+]e increased alkaline phosphatase activity and osteocalcin mRNA, and this increase was blocked by inhibiting PGE2 production. [Ca2+]e stimulation of COX-2 promoter activity correlated with the induction of COX-2 mRNA expression. [Ca2+]e induced rapid and transient phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in POBs, which peaked at 5-10 minutes. Inhibition of ERK phosphorylation with the specific inhibitors, PD-98059 and U-0126, decreased the [Ca2+]e induction of both COX-2 mRNA and luciferase activity by 70-80%. Although less effective than [Ca2+]e, strontium [Sr2+]e also induced COX-2 mRNA and promoter activity in POBs through an ERK signaling pathway. We conclude that [Ca2+]e is a potent transcriptional inducer of COX-2 expression and PGE2 production in osteoblasts through an ERK signaling pathway.
Integrating semantics and procedural generation: key enabling factors for declarative modeling of virtual worlds (2010)

Manual content creation for virtual worlds can no longer satisfy the increasing demand arising from areas as entertainment and serious games, simulations, movies, etc. Furthermore, currently deployed modeling tools basically do not scale up: while they become more and more specialized and complex, they strikingly fail to assist designers in concentrating on their creative tasks. This paper presents the main concepts of what we designate declarative modeling of virtual worlds, a novel modeling approach that allows designers of virtual worlds to concentrate on stating what they want to create instead of on describing how they should model it. We discuss the two main characteristics of this approach â semantics and procedural generation â and describe how they mutually reinforce, support and amplify designers' efforts, thus empowering their creative skills. We conclude that this declarative approach provides designers with the productivity gain of procedural generation techniques, while still allowing for abundant control and flexibility. In addition, it significantly reduces the complexity of virtual world modeling, making it accessible to whole new groups of users and applications.
Experimental and numerical investigation of a strongly-forced precessing cylinder flow (2024)

Planar particle image velocimetry (PIV) and direct numerical simulations (DNS) of the flow in a precessing cylinder of height-to-radius ratio of 1.835 are presented for a nutation angle of 15° and a Reynolds number 6430 based on the cylinder's angular frequency. We find excellent agreement in terms of time-averaged velocity profiles and Kelvin mode amplitudes during the initial development and in the asymptotic state. In the experiment, a rapid transition to a disordered state follows a brief appearance of azimuthal structures with a predominant wavenumber m = 9 . In the DNS, the transition occurs later than in the experiment, and shows dominance of a triad of azimuthal wavenumbers m = 1 , 4 , 5 during the transient evolution. Adding a small random perturbation to the simulation after the forced mode is established accelerates transition to flow dominated by m = 9 which eventually transitions to a disordered state, consistent with observations from PIV. The breaking of rotoreflection (inversion) symmetry of the system is found to be critical in establishing evolution paths to the disordered and asymmetric asymptotic state.
Orphan receptor IL-17RD regulates Toll-like receptor signalling via SEFIR/TIR interactions (2015)

Receptor families of the innate immune response engage in 'cross-talk' to tailor optimal immune responses against invading pathogens. However, these responses are subject to multiple levels of regulation to keep in check aberrant inflammatory signals. Here, we describe a role for the orphan receptor interleukin-17 receptor D (IL-17RD) in negatively regulating Toll-like receptor (TLR)-induced responses. Deficiency of IL-17RD expression in cells leads to enhanced pro-inflammatory signalling and gene expression in response to TLR stimulation, and Il17rd(-/-) mice are more susceptible to TLR-induced septic shock. We demonstrate that the intracellular Sef/IL-17R (SEFIR) domain of IL-17RD targets TIR adaptor proteins to inhibit TLR downstream signalling thus revealing a paradigm involving cross-regulation of members of the IL-17R and TLR families.
Zinc‐finger‐based transcriptional repression of rhodopsin in a model of dominant retinitis pigmentosa (2011)

Despite the recent success of gene-based complementation approaches for genetic recessive traits, the development of therapeutic strategies for gain-of-function mutations poses great challenges. General therapeutic principles to correct these genetic defects mostly rely on post-transcriptional gene regulation (RNA silencing). Engineered zinc-finger (ZF) protein-based repression of transcription may represent a novel approach for treating gain-of-function mutations, although proof-of-concept of this use is still lacking. Here, we generated a series of transcriptional repressors to silence human rhodopsin (hRHO), the gene most abundantly expressed in retinal photoreceptors. The strategy was designed to suppress both the mutated and the wild-type hRHO allele in a mutational-independent fashion, to overcome mutational heterogeneity of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa due to hRHO mutations. Here we demonstrate that ZF proteins promote a robust transcriptional repression of hRHO in a transgenic mouse model of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa. Furthermore, we show that specifically decreasing the mutated human RHO transcript in conjunction with unaltered expression of the endogenous murine Rho gene results in amelioration of disease progression, as demonstrated by significant improvements in retinal morphology and function. This zinc-finger-based mutation-independent approach paves the way towards a 'repression-replacement' strategy, which is expected to facilitate widespread applications in the development of novel therapeutics for a variety of disorders that are due to gain-of-function mutations.
Supplementary Material S1 from A Tumor-in-Host DEB-Based Approach for Modeling Cachexia and Bevacizumab Resistance (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Mathematical details about model formulation and list of model parameters and variables&lt;/p&gt;
A step-by-step construction site photography procedure to enhance the efficiency of as-built data visualization: a case study (2015)

Abstract Introduction Visualization of as-built data may change the future of construction project management to a more efficient area of knowledge if appropriate and easy photography and reconstruction tools would be developed and used by practitioners. Most of the current reconstructed 3D point cloud models use unordered photograph collections to generate 4D as-built models. Some of these photographs are not used in the final model mostly because of either a possible overlap with other photos or some faults in photography procedure. Computation time increases exponentially as the number of photos in a photo collection increases. Therefore, the unstructured processes may reduce the performance of a point-cloud model representation. This work shows how the available application of unordered photograph collections are regularly inefficient by measuring the performance of some important criteria, such as the registration success score and the computation time. Case description The case study is the construction of a gas compressor station. Such industrial projects involve several building and work areas (e.g., substation, control building, and piping area). The construction site covers approximately 20 hectares. The case study was conducted in two stages. In the first stage, preexisting images have been used for image based modelling (IBM). In the second stage, images captured based on a step-by-step photography procedure (SPP) have been used for IBM. Discussion and evaluation IBM performance in the first stage of the case study has been compared with the performance of the second stage by comparing the registration success scores. The IBM in the first stage of the case study results in sparse models, which hardly show the geometry of construction scenes. By contrast, capturing images based on the SPP in the second stage of the case study significantly changed the performance of IBM and increased the registration success score. Conclusion This study provides an easy applicable on-site photography procedure. By adopting the proposed approach and by training the photographers, the model would be more desirable for application in more construction projects. The application of the SPP in the case study shows a significant improvement in the final reconstructed 3D point cloud model and as-built data visualization criteria.
Bipolar Coagulation Process for the Production of Powders (1999)

A new process is presented where the controlled coagulation of droplets is achieved through electrical forces. The charged droplets are produced by electrosprays operated in the cone-jet mode. The coagulation of oppositely charged droplets leads to the neutralization of the electrosprays. Furthermore, this coagulation enables controlled mixing on a microscale and subsequent chemical reactions inside the combined droplets. This process has many potential applications in the production of “tailored” particles, particles of uniform size and composition.
On the use and performance of content distribution networks (2001)

Content distribution networks (CDNs) are a mechanism to deliver content to end users on behalf of origin Web sites. Content distribution offloads work from origin servers by serving some or all of the contents of Web pages. We found an order of magnitude increase in the number and percentage of popular origin sites using CDNs between November 1999 and December 2000.In this paper we discuss how CDNs are commonly used on the Web and define a methodology to study how well they perform. A performance study was conducted over a period of months on a set of CDN companies employing the techniques of DNS redirection and URL rewriting to balance load among their servers. Some CDNs generally provide better results than others when we examine results from a set of clients. The performance of one CDN company clearly improved between the two testing periods in our study due to a dramatic increase in the number of distinct servers employed in its network. More generally, the results indicate that use of a DNS lookup in the critical path of a resource retrieval does not generally result in better server choices being made relative to client response time in either average or worst case situations.
Distributed interactive virtual environments for collaborative medical education and training: design and characterization. (2004)

Project TOUCH (Telehealth Outreach for Unified Community Health) is a collaborative effort between University of New Mexico and University of Hawaii. The purpose of the project is to demonstrate the feasibility of using advanced technologies to overcome geographical barriers to delivery of medical education and to enhance the learning process within a group setting. This has led to the design and implementation of a new system that addresses the critical requirements for collaborative virtual environments: consistency, networking, scalability, and system integration. The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of the collaborative system based on use patterns during Project TOUCH sessions.
Air Stable n-Channel Organic Semiconductors for Thin Film Transistors Based on Fluorinated Derivatives of Perylene Diimides (2007)

A series of n-type organic semiconductors based on perylene diimides were synthesized. These materials were fully characterized by FTIR and UV−vis spectra as well as elemental analysis. Thin film transistors (TFTs) using a top-contact geometry were fabricated by vapor deposition of these perylene diimide derivatives as the semiconductive channel on surface treated SiO2/Si substrates at various substrate temperatures. The measured TFT performance depended heavily on the type and the number of substituents. We found higher field-effect mobilities for compounds with stronger electron-withdrawing substituents. TFTs with fluorinated perylene diimides showed much better performance in air than a chlorinated derivative. The highest mobility, ca. 0.068 cm2/V s, was measured for the compound with the most fluorine substituents (i.e., N,N‘-diperfluorophenyl-3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic diimide (8)). The effect of molecular structure on film morphology was observed using an atomic force microscope (AFM). The correlation between the number of fluorine substitutions and the TFT air stability was studied. Our results showed better device air stability for compounds with more fluorine substituents, due to their lower LUMO energy levels. Other factors affecting TFT performance, such as substrate temperature and SiO2 dielectric surface treatment, were also investigated.
Nanocomposites for structural applications (2006)

Nanocomposites comprise multiphase materials such as metals, polymers inorganic ceramics where at least one constituent phase has one dimension less than 100 nm. Different types of nanosize reinforcements, e.g. fiber, nanoclays, nanospheres, nanopowder etc amorphous or crystalline have been described along with fabrication processes and characteristics properties of different types of nanocomposites for structural applications.
Thin silicon film p-i-n photodiodes with internal reflection (1978)

A new kind of silicon p-i-n photodiode is presented which combines broad wavelength response at high quantum efficiencies (450 to 900 nm ~85 percent) and extremely fast response time (typically below 100 ps). The diodes use internal light reflection. Theoretical expressions for different types of gratings are presented. The fabrication steps for both the different kinds of gratings and the diode itself are given. Experimental data of the time and wavelength response prove this expected excellent behavior.
Control of osmotic pressure through CO2-capture and release facilitated by the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) phase transition of acylated branched polyethylenimine (2016)

A solution of acylated polyethylenimine absorbs CO<sub>2</sub>at low temperatures and draws water from high-salt saline due to the high osmotic pressure, while it liberates CO<sub>2</sub>after phase separation by mild heating and releases water into low-salt saline.
Comparison of a PGA Sheet with a Commercial ePTFE Sheet as a Staple-Line Reinforcement in Lung Surgery (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.