gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Toxicity Assessment and Remediation of Industrial Wastewater (2000)

Conventional pollution prevention strategies involve chemical analyses of environmental samples for priority pollutants (toxic substances listed by environmental regulatory agencies) followed by data assimilation. The latter usually entails a comparison of analytical results with water quality, sediment and air quality guidelines. In addition, results of chemical analyses may be interpreted based on ecological or human health risk assessments. There are several concerns with these traditional approaches. Total reliance on priority pollutants can erroneously lead to the perception that these anthropogenic chemicals represent the universe of toxic chemicals. Also, there is the misconception that selective and sensitive analytical techniques are capable of detecting all chemicals in the environment. Finally, when it is possible to identify chemicals of concern, it is seldom possible to determine the significance of such findings because of inadequate and imprecise toxicological data bases. In light of these shortcomings, in this paper examples of an alternative approach are described based on toxicity testing coupled with chemical manipulation and directed chemical analysis. We present an overview of this approach, and illustrate advantages over traditional methods for site assessments and remediation pertaining to industrial wastewaters. It is demonstrated that toxicity identification evaluation facilitates the establishment of cost-effective clean-up strategies for protection of aquatic ecosystems.
The Effects of Macrophage on Neointimal Formation after Balloon or Stent Injury in Hypercholesterolemic Rabbits (2005)

Background and Objectives:The present study investigated differences in the effects of macrophages between neointimal formation after balloon (BI) and that after stent injury (SI) in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. We also studied the relationship between advanced glycation end products (AGE), the receptor for AGE (RAGE), and S100A8/A9 in the inflammatory reaction mediated by macrophages. Materials and Methods:Male New Zealand White rabbits fed with a 1% cholesterol diet for 2 weeks underwent balloon dilatation to one iliac artery, and stenting to the contralateral artery. Arteries were harvested at 7, 14, and 28 days after injury. Results:Sizes and cell numbers of neointima were higher in SI than in BI (p 0.05). Sizes and cell numbers of neointima in BI and SI increased significantly till 14 days (p 0.05). Macrophage num- bers increased until 28 days in the media of BI (p=0.003). Macrophage numbers increased at 14 days in the neointima of SI (p=0.001), but decreased at 28 days (p=0.014). Macrophage numbers were not changed in the media of SI. Cell numbers and area were significantly correlated with macrophage numbers in the neointima and media of BI, and in the neointima of SI (p<0.05). RAGE expression was strong in cells adjacent to lumen at 7 and 14 days, and in cells of neointima and media adjacent to internal elastic lamina at 28 days. Expression of RAGE was increased in both macrophage and smooth muscle cells. Macrophages were the predominant cells observed with AGE accumulation. S100A8/A9 was not found. Conclusion:There seems to be a difference in effect of ma- crophages on the formation of neointima after injury between BI and SI. The effects of macrophages appears to be more significant in the neointima of BI. Mechanical arterial injury induces the formation of AGE and overexpres- sion of RAGE in macrophages. (Korean Circulation J 2005;35:801-811)
Alkine als alternativer Einstieg in elektrophile und nukleophile Übergangsmetall‐katalysierte Allylierungen (2017)

Abstract Eine Reihe von Übergangsmetall‐Katalysatoren ist in der Lage, terminale und interne Alkine intermediär in entsprechende Allylmetall‐Verbindungen zu überführen, die ihrerseits elektrophile oder nukleophile Reaktivitäten aufweisen können. Während klassische Methoden zur Herstellung von Allylmetall‐Spezies oftmals von der Bildung stöchiometrischer Mengen an Nebenprodukten begleitet sind, ermöglicht der Einsatz von Alkinen als Allylmetall‐Vorstufen vollständig atomökonomische katalytische Prozesse, die außerdem mit hohen Enantioselektivitäten ablaufen.
Home Location Identification of Twitter Users (2014)

We present a new algorithm for inferring the home location of Twitter users at different granularities, including city, state, time zone or geographic region, using the content of users tweets and their tweeting behavior. Unlike existing approaches, our algorithm uses an ensemble of statistical and heuristic classifiers to predict locations and makes use of a geographic gazetteer dictionary to identify place-name entities. We find that a hierarchical classification approach, where time zone, state or geographic region is predicted first and city is predicted next, can improve prediction accuracy. We have also analyzed movement variations of Twitter users, built a classifier to predict whether a user was travelling in a certain period of time and use that to further improve the location detection accuracy. Experimental evidence suggests that our algorithm works well in practice and outperforms the best existing algorithms for predicting the home location of Twitter users.
VEHICLE LOCATION AND NAVIGATION SYSTEMS BASED ON LEDS (1998)

In the future, traffic lights, traffic signal devices, and message display boards could all be replaced by Light Emitting Diodes (LED5). Therefore, in addition to their normal function of being an indication and illumination device, LEDs can be used as a communication device for the transmission and broadcasting of information and data. Hence, it becomes part of a wireless optical communication system. It is essentially a new kind of short-range beacon to support vehicle-to-roadside communications. This allows a dual use of traffic lights because it can broadcast local traffic information, vehicle location and navigation information, and simultaneously perform its normal function of being a traffic signaling device. The objective of this technical paper is to present the results from an experiment of using traffic lights as a location beacon, and the bit error rate measurements in an indoor environment. For the covering abstract see IRRD E102946.
774: Long-Term Follow-Up of Children with Continent Cutaneous Urinary Diversion (2006)

RESULTS: 110 appendicovesicostomies with mean follow up of 50 months and 199 ileovesicostomies with mean follow up of 28 months were compared. Early surgical complications were found in 7/199 ileovesicostomies (3.5%) and 4/110 appendicovesicostomies (3.6%). Skin revision was necessary in 16/199 and 9/110 ileovesicostomies (8%) and appendicovesicostomies (8.2%), respectively. Bladder level revisions were required of 19/199 (9.5%) ileovesicostomies and 7/110 (6.4%) appendicovesicostomies. Channel replacement was performed in one ileovesicostomy (<1 %) and in 3/110 (2.7%) appendicovesicostomies. Difficulty with catheterization was found in 16/199 ileovesicostomies (8%) and 6/110 appendicovesicostomies (5.5%), often managed conservatively. Channel leakage was observed in 4/115 (3.5%) of ileovesicostomies and 2/90 appendicovesicostomies (2.2%). Comparing the use of appendix vs. ileum, the difference between the incidence of early and late total complications (26.4% vs. 28.6%) was not statistically significant (p=0.69).
10 Gbps High Power Electro-Absorption Modulated Laser Monolithically Integrated with a Semiconductor Optical Amplifier for Long-Distance Transmission (2003)

High average modulated output power over +3 dBm was obtained in 10 Gb/s electro-absorption modulated laser for transmission over 80 km by amplifying the modulated signals through a monolithically integrated semiconductor optical amplifier as a booster amplifier, for the first time to our knowledge.
Analysis of annual Medicago species using RAPD markers (1995)

Annual species of the genus Medicago have attracted interest as green manure and temporary forage crops. This study was conducted to determine if randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers could be used to assess the variability within and among species. Several accessions of each six species (M. scutellata Mill., M. disciformis DC., M. murex Willd., M. truncatula Gaertn., M. polymorpha L., and M. rugosa Desr.) were studied. A phylogeny reconstructed with the computer program Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (PAUP) showed the same relationships as traditional taxonomy. Variation was present among accessions of all species. Several accessions were considerably different from others within the species (one of each M. scutellata and M. polymorpha) and four accessions of M. murex were differentiated by both morphology and RAPD banding patterns from the other accessions. These accessions may be useful to include in a core collection. Variation within accessions was present. Although the species are autogamous, the original seed collections may have been made from a number of plants in the same area. Also, some outcrossing or seed mixing may have occurred. Finally, at least 10 RAPD primers appear to be necessary in order to develop reliable estimates of relatedness among annual Medicago accessions.
Connexin43 in cardiomyocyte mitochondria contributes to mitochondrial potassium uptake (2009)

These results indicate that mCx43 contributes to mitochondrial K(+) flux in cardiomyocytes, potentially by forming hemichannel-like structures.
Numerical analysis of H-plane waveguide junctions by using densely arrayed electric line currents (2008)

This paper presents the scattering property in tapered right-angle corner bend and waveguide T-junction with wedge realized by electric line currents inside the rectangular cavity. The power transmission and reflection coefficients are calculated and presented. These results are compared with the literature and excellent agreements are confirmed. First, the transmission property in right-angle corner bend as a function of normalized frequency is considered. Two analysis models without and with 45° taper at the corner bend are examined. Secondly, the scattering characteristics in the waveguide T-junctions are calculated. Finally, the transmission and reflection property of the T-junction with wedge realized by using uniform electric line currents is calculated. The validity of this analysis technique using uniform electric current approximation expressed by delta function can be certified. Application of this calculation technique to the other analysis models are a subject for future studies.
MIMO Receiver with Antenna Subset Selection: Algorithm and Hardware Implementation (2013)

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems with antenna selection are practical in that they can alleviate the computational complexity at the receiver and achieve good reception performance. Channel correlation, not just carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR), has a great impact on reception performance in MIMO channels. We propose a practical receive antenna subset selection algorithm with reduced complexity that uses the condition number of the partial channel matrix and a predetermined CNR threshold. This paper describes the algorithm and its performance evaluation by both computer simulation and indoor experiments using a prototype receiver and received signals obtained in an actual mobile outdoor experiment. The results confirm that our proposed method provides good bit error rate performance by setting the CNR threshold properly.
Surface Functionalization of Nanoparticles to Control Cell Interactions and Drug Release (2012)

Nanoparticles made from poly(dl-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) are used to deliver a wide range of bioactive molecules, due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. This study investigates the surface modification of PLGA nanoparticles via the layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition of polyelectrolytes, and the effects of these coatings on the release behavior, cytotoxicity, hemolytic activity, and cellular uptake efficiency. PLGA nanoparticles are modified via LbL adsorption of two polyelectrolyte pairs: 1) poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS) and 2) poly(L-lysine hydrobromide) (PLL) and dextran sulfate (DES). It is demonstrated that both PAH/PSS and PLL/DES coatings suppress the burst release usually observed for unmodified PLGA nanoparticles and that the release behavior can be adjusted by changing the layer numbers, layer materials, or by crosslinking the layer constituents. Neither bare nor polyelectrolyte-modified PLGA nanoparticles show any signs of cytotoxicity. However, nanoparticles with a positively charged polyelectrolyte as the outermost layer induce hemolysis, whereas uncoated particles or particles with a negatively charged polyelectrolyte as the outermost layer show no hemolytic activity. Furthermore, particles with either PAH or PLL as the outermost layer also demonstrate a higher uptake efficiency by L929 fibroblast cells, due to a higher cell-particle affinity. This study suggests that LbL coating of PLGA nanoparticles can control the release behavior of bioactive molecules as well as the surface activity, therefore providing a promising strategy to enhance the efficiency of nanoparticulate drug-delivery systems.
Low-Temperature Plasma-Enhanced Atomic Layer Deposition of SiO2 Using Carbon Dioxide (2019)

In this work, we report the successful growth of high-quality SiO<sub>2</sub> films by low-temperature plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition using an oxidant which is compatible with moisture/oxygen sensitive materials. The SiO<sub>2</sub> films were grown at 90 °C using CO<sub>2</sub> and Bis(tertiary-butylamino)silane as process precursors. Growth, chemical composition, density, optical properties, and residual stress of SiO<sub>2</sub> films were investigated. SiO<sub>2</sub> films having a saturated growth-per-cycle of ~ 1.15 Å/cycle showed a density of ~ 2.1 g/cm<sup>3</sup>, a refractive index of ~ 1.46 at a wavelength of 632 nm, and a low tensile residual stress of ~ 30 MPa. Furthermore, the films showed low impurity levels with bulk concentrations of ~ 2.4 and ~ 0.17 at. % for hydrogen and nitrogen, respectively, whereas the carbon content was found to be below the measurement limit of time-of-flight elastic recoil detection analysis. These results demonstrate that CO<sub>2</sub> is a promising oxidizing precursor for moisture/oxygen sensitive materials related plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition processes.
Conserved mechanism for coordinating replication fork helicase assembly with phosphorylation of the helicase (2015)

Dbf4-dependent kinase (DDK) phosphorylates minichromosome maintenance 2 (Mcm2) during S phase in yeast, and Sld3 recruits cell division cycle 45 (Cdc45) to minichromosome maintenance 2-7 (Mcm2-7). We show here DDK-phosphoryled Mcm2 preferentially interacts with Cdc45 in vivo, and that Sld3 stimulates DDK phosphorylation of Mcm2 by 11-fold. We identified a mutation of the replication initiation factor Sld3, Sld3-m16, that is specifically defective in stimulating DDK phosphorylation of Mcm2. Wild-type expression levels of sld3-m16 result in severe growth and DNA replication defects. Cells expressing sld3-m16 exhibit no detectable Mcm2 phosphorylation in vivo, reduced replication protein A-ChIP signal at an origin, and diminished Go, Ichi, Ni, and San association with Mcm2-7. Treslin, the human homolog of Sld3, stimulates human DDK phosphorylation of human Mcm2 by 15-fold. DDK phosphorylation of human Mcm2 decreases the affinity of Mcm5 for Mcm2, suggesting a potential mechanism for helicase ring opening. These data suggest a conserved mechanism for replication initiation: Sld3/Treslin coordinates Cdc45 recruitment to Mcm2-7 with DDK phosphorylation of Mcm2 during S phase.
Investigation of the thrombin‐generating capacity, evaluated by thrombogram, and clot formation evaluated by thrombelastography of platelets stored in the blood bank for up to 7 days (2007)

The kinetics of thrombin generation, as evaluated by CAT, correlates with the thrombus generation, as evaluated by thrombelastography and this may in part explain the clinical utility of the TEG in identifying clinically relevant coagulopathies, secondary to impaired thrombin generation.
LIPIcs, Volume 174, DNA 26, Complete Volume (2020)

LIPIcs, Volume 174, DNA 26, Complete Volume
4371 The Role of B Cells in Keloid Formation (2020)

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Recent studies indicate B cells are involved in dermal fibroblast activation and collagen deposition in the skin. However, B cell distribution in epidermal and dermal layers is unknown. Here, We aim to characterize the distribution of B cells residing in normal skin and keloidal scars. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: One abdominal normal skin sample and two keloid samples (ear and shoulder) were obtained from the University of Colorado Biorepository Core Facility and from the Plastic Surgery Clinics. Five micron sections from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples were prepared for multiplex fluorescence immunohistochemistry by the Human Immunology &amp; Immunotherapy Initiative. We stained for CD20+, CD19+, and DAPI. Slides were imaged using Vectra®3 scanning system from PerkinElmer. Images were analyzed in InForm®Tissue Finder, phenotpr, phenoptrReports by Akoya biosciences. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: We found a significant increase in the percentage of CD20+ and CD19+ B cells in keloid skin compared to normal skin tissue (14.50% and 14.20% vs 6.47% and 7.56% of the total cells), respectively. Interestingly, we found that in the epidermis of keloid skin CD20+ cell were more abundant (14.46%) whereas in the epidermis normal skin CD20+ cells were less predominant (5.14%). In the dermis of keloid skin, CD20+ and CD19+ were in equal proportions (13%) whereas in normal skin CD19+ cells were more predominant (10.44%) compared to CD20+ cells (7.04%). Dual positive B cells, CD19+/CD20+ cells, were more abundant in keloid dermis (11.06%) compared to normal skin dermis (1.24%). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: B cells are involved in fibroblast activation in diseases such as scleroderma and rheumatoid arthritis. With the increase of CD19+/CD20+ B cells in keloids, the role of B cells in keloid pathogenesis warrants further study. CD27 staining may determine if these are activated or follicular B cells.
Development of a Bispecific Antibody Targeting Clinical Isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii (2023)

A humanized bsAb targeting distinct A. baumannii capsule moieties enabled potent and effective coverage of disparate A. baumannii clinical isolates. The bsAb enhances feasibility of development by minimizing the number of components of a promising novel therapeutic for these difficult-to-treat infections.
The reliability estimation, prediction and measuring of component-based software (2013)

Reliability is a key driver of safety-critical systems such as health-care systems and traffic controllers. It is also one of the most important quality attributes of the systems embedded into our surroundings, e.g. sensor networks that produce information for business processes. Therefore, the design decisions that have a great impact on the reliability of a software system, i.e. architecture and components, need to be thoroughly evaluated. This paper addresses software reliability evaluation during the design and implementation phases; it provides a coherent approach by combining both predicted and measured reliability values with heuristic estimates in order to facilitate a smooth reliability evaluation process. The approach contributes by integrating the component-level reliability evaluation activities (i.e. the heuristic reliability estimation, model-based reliability prediction and model-based reliability measuring of components) and the system-level reliability prediction activity to support the incremental and iterative development of reliable component-based software systems. The use of the developed reliability evaluation approach with the supporting tool chain is illustrated by a case study. The paper concludes with a summary of lessons learnt from the case studies.
Precise Calculations and Measurements on the Complex Dielectric Constant of Lossy Materials Using TM/sub 010/ Cavity Perturbation Techniques (1981)

An exact field theory solution for the cylindrical TM/sub 010/ cavity with a coaxial lossy dielectric cylinder is given. The error in the calculated field solutions is estimated to be less than 1 percent of the true values. Correction for the cavity holes used to introduce the sample is taken into account. The exact solution shows that the real part of the permittivity (epsilon') is a complex function of both the frequency shift and the change in the loaded Q-factor (Q/sub L/). On the other hand the imaginary part (epsilon") is nearly proportional to delta(1/Q/sub L/) and it has different slopes for varying frequencies. By means of active cavity techniques already reported, experimental measurements on epslion' and epsilon" taken at 2.2 GHz on a number of materials (water, teflon, n-proponal, methanol, etc.) agree with published data within 1 percent even when rising large samples.
Architectural support for software-based protection (2006)

Control-Flow Integrity (CFI) is a property that guarantees program control flow cannot be subverted by a malicious adversary, even if the adversary has complete control of data memory. We have shown in prior work how CFI can be enforced by using inlined software guards that perform safety checks. The first part of this paper shows how modest Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) support can replace such guard code with single instructions.On the foundation of CFI we have implemented XFI: a protection system that offers fine-grained memory access control and fundamental integrity guarantees for critical system state. XFI can be seen as a flexible, generalized form of software-based fault isolation (SFI). In the second part of this paper we present ISA support for XFI, in the form of simple bounds-check instructions.CFI and XFI can significantly increase the security and integrity of software execution. Our results indicate that support for CFI and XFI is a straightforward, simple addition to hardware architectures. Compared to software guards, such hardware support increases the efficiency and simplicity of enforcement.
Ripple design of LT codes for AWGN channel (2012)

In this paper, we present an analytical framework for designing LT codes in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels. We show that some of analytical results from binary erasure channels (BEC) also hold in AWGN channels with slight modifications. This enables us to apply a ripple-based design approach, which until now has only been used in the BEC. LT codes designed by this way show promising performance which is near the Shannon limit even with short codewords.
Translating Documents into Semantic Documents using Semantic Web and Web2.0 (2006)

Managing metadata of documents is a difficult and slippery for desktop users. A wide variety of technologies have been applied for supporting requirements of metadata management, ranging from the acquisition, creation, maintenance, retrieval, reuse, and publishing of metadata. We introduce essential concepts of a semantic document and implement the necessary functionality of metadata managing process. We also propose that three tasks are required to facilitate unambiguous representation of metadata in documents: using XMP to store metadata with the file itself, using ontologies to represent semantic concepts and using Social Web services to interact with web based resources. So our approach allows a user to interact and share the resources among a Desktop and Web more easily.