gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Survey of Russian Elites, Moscow, Russia, 1993-2020 (2014)

The Survey of Russian Elites consists of one dataset that covers the years 1993, 1995, 1999, 2004, 2008, 2012, 2016, and 2020. The data were collected as part of a larger study of mass-elite interactions in post-Soviet Russia, with particular emphasis on the links between the domestic political economy and foreign policy perspectives. The dataset includes questions on international relations, threat perceptions, foreign policy decision-making, domestic politics, and economic issues. In particular, respondents were asked their opinions about the national interests of Russia, the role of military force in international relations, the greatest threats to stability and security, the enlargement of the European Union, NATO expansion, the need for order in Russia, and how closely Russia should follow the path of developed countries. Additional questions asked respondents about their level of influence on foreign policy decision-making, how they find out about world and domestic events, how often they discuss such events with friends or family members, whether the United States represents a threat to Russia, whether they favor giving military aid to other countries, the importance of various foreign policy goals to Russia, the influence of various governmental institutions on foreign policy, and the permissibility of using military force. Questions focusing on domestic issues asked about their attitudes regarding government spending, the rights of individuals versus those of society, the role of political competition, the responsibility of the government to its citizens, the importance and meaning of democracy, and the type of political system that is most appropriate for Russia. Respondents were also asked about Russia's relations with other countries (e.g., Ukraine, Belarus, Japan, and China), various forms of property ownership, their willingness to open a new business, national pride, political protests, the environment, their views toward immigrants and other societal groups, and Russia's political and economic future. Demographic questions include nationality, education, occupation of the respondent and other family members, sex, age, country of birth, marital status, language spoken in the home, income level, household composition, political party affiliation, religion, military service, and foreign travel.
Total Postprandial Hepatic Nonesterified and Dietary Fatty Acid Uptake Is Increased and Insufficiently Curbed by Adipose Tissue Fatty Acid Trapping in Prediabetes With Overweight (2022)

Excessive lean tissue uptake of fatty acids (FAs) is important in the development of insulin resistance and may be caused by impaired dietary FA (DFA) storage and/or increased nonesterified FA (NEFA) flux from adipose tissue intracellular lipolysis. Cardiac and hepatic total postprandial FA uptake of NEFA+DFA has, however, never been reported in prediabetes with overweight. In this study, 20 individuals with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and 19 participants with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and normal fasting glucose underwent postprandial studies with whole-body positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with oral [18F]fluoro-thia-heptadecanoic acid and dynamic PET/CT with intravenous [11C]palmitate. Hepatic (97 [range 36-215] mmol/6 h vs. 68 [23-132] mmol/6 h, P = 0.03) but not cardiac (11 [range 4-24] mmol/6 h vs. 8 [3-20] mmol/6 h, P = 0.09) uptake of most sources of postprandial FA (NEFA + DFA uptake) integrated over 6 h was higher in IGT versus NGT. DFA accounted for lower fractions of total cardiac (21% [5-47] vs. 25% [9-39], P = 0.08) and hepatic (19% [6-52] vs. 28% [14-50], P = 0.04) uptake in IGT versus NGT. Increased adipose tissue DFA trapping predicted lower hepatic DFA uptake and was associated with higher total cardiac FA uptake. Hence, enhanced adipose tissue DFA trapping in the face of increased postprandial NEFA flux is insufficient to fully curb increased postprandial lean organ FA uptake in prediabetes with overweight (ClinicalTrials.gov; NCT02808182).
Dioxygen Reactivity with a Ferrocene–Lewis Acid Pairing: Reduction to a Boron Peroxide in the Presence of Tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (2014)

Abstract Ferrocenes, which are typically air‐stable outer‐sphere single‐electron transfer reagents, were found to react with dioxygen in the presence of B(C 6 F 5 ) 3 , a Lewis acid unreactive to O 2 , to generate bis(borane) peroxide. Although several Group 13 peroxides have been reported, boron‐supported peroxides are rare, with no structurally characterized examples of the BO 2 B moiety. The synthesis of a bis(borane)‐supported peroxide anion and its structural and electrochemical characterization are described.
An example of immunodominance: engagement of synonymous TCR by invariant CDR3β (2000)

The structural basis of the T cell response against immunodominant tetanus toxin (TT)-derived peptides was investigated using TT-specific T cell clones raised from a DRB1*0301 homozygous donor. Three peptides forming T cell epitopes were identified, including one, TT(1272-1284), that stimulated four different TT-specific T cell clones. TCR sequence analysis revealed that these synonymous TCR shared only arginine at the third position of the CDR3 beta loop. This prominent residue may form a salt bridge with a corresponding aspartate at the relative position 8 (P8) of the antigenic peptide TT(1272-1284) as suggested from amino acid replacement analysis. A similar scenario was observed for a second TT epitope, TT(279-296), and its corresponding TCR. These examples show that immunodominance may result from a single strong amino acid interaction between TCR CDR3 beta loops here in contact with the C-terminus of the antigenic peptide. Such a dominant interaction could compensate for weaker contacts between other residues of the TCR and the antigenic peptide, and would allow the recognition of a single peptide-MHC complex by a broader synonymous TCR repertoire and could thus contribute to its immunodominance.
Microparadigms: Chains of collective reasoning in publications about molecular interactions (2006)

We analyzed a very large set of molecular interactions that had been derived automatically from biological texts. We found that published statements, regardless of their verity, tend to interfere with interpretation of the subsequent experiments and, therefore, can act as scientific "microparadigms," similar to dominant scientific theories [Kuhn, T. S. (1996) The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (Univ. Chicago Press, Chicago)]. Using statistical tools, we measured the strength of the influence of a single published statement on subsequent interpretations. We call these measured values the momentums of the published statements and treat separately the majority and minority of conflicting statements about the same molecular event. Our results indicate that, when building biological models based on published experimental data, we may have to treat the data as highly dependent-ordered sequences of statements (i.e., chains of collective reasoning) rather than unordered and independent experimental observations. Furthermore, our computations indicate that our data set can be interpreted in two very different ways (two "alternative universes"): one is an "optimists' universe" with a very low incidence of false results (<5%), and another is a "pessimists' universe" with an extraordinarily high rate of false results (>90%). Our computations deem highly unlikely any milder intermediate explanation between these two extremes.
Reactive Distillation for Esterification of Bio-based Organic Acids (2008)

The following is the final report of the three year research program to convert organic acids to their ethyl esters using reactive distillation. This report details the complete technical activities of research completed at Michigan State University for the period of October 1, 2003 to September 30, 2006, covering both reactive distillation research and development and the underlying thermodynamic and kinetic data required for successful and rigorous design of reactive distillation esterification processes. Specifically, this project has led to the development of economical, technically viable processes for ethyl lactate, triethyl citrate and diethyl succinate production, and on a larger scale has added to the overall body of knowledge on applying fermentation based organic acids as platform chemicals in the emerging biorefinery. Organic acid esters constitute an attractive class of biorenewable chemicals that are made from corn or other renewable biomass carbohydrate feedstocks and replace analogous petroleum-based compounds, thus lessening U.S. dependence on foreign petroleum and enhancing overall biorefinery viability through production of value-added chemicals in parallel with biofuels production. Further, many of these ester products are candidates for fuel (particularly biodiesel) components, and thus will serve dual roles as both industrial chemicals and fuel enhancers in the emerging bioeconomy. The technical report from MSU is organized around the ethyl esters of four important biorenewables-based acids: lactic acid, citric acid, succinic acid, and propionic acid. Literature background on esterification and reactive distillation has been provided in Section One. Work on lactic acid is covered in Sections Two through Five, citric acid esterification in Sections Six and Seven, succinic acid in Section Eight, and propionic acid in Section Nine. Section Ten covers modeling of ester and organic acid vapor pressure properties using the SPEAD (Step Potential Equilibrium and Dynamics) method.
Dual-Plane Watermarking for Color Pictures Immune to Rotation, Scale, Translation, and Random Bending (2006)

An extended watermarking method for still pictures is described that can embed watermarks immune to not only rotation, scaling, and translation but also to random geometric distortion and any of their combinations. It requires no searches for treating random distortion. The search for rotation and scaling is combinatorial but is independent of the search for translation. That is, the angle and size of the target picture can be restored without restoring the picture?s origin. Furthermore, the translation search is divided into horizontal and vertical searches that can be carried out independently. The number of searches is thus drastically reduced, making the processing speed high enough for practical application. Experimental evaluation demonstrated that the proposed method can embed watermarks immune to all four types of transformation. Although it was designed for still pictures, it can easily be extended to motion pictures.
Coupled Support Vector Machines for Supervised Domain Adaptation (2017)

Popular domain adaptation (DA) techniques learn a classifier for the target domain by sampling relevant data points from the source and combining it with the target data. We present a Support Vector Machine (SVM) based supervised DA technique, where the similarity between source and target domains is modeled as the similarity between their SVM decision boundaries. We couple the source and target SVMs and reduce the model to a standard single SVM. We test the Coupled-SVM on multiple datasets and compare our results with other popular SVM based DA approaches.
Investigation of retention mechanisms of dyes by lamellar materials through vibrational spectroscopy (2018)

International audience
Heat-capacity measurements on granular aluminum (1980)

We have measured the heat capacity of a series of films of aluminum in ${\mathrm{Al}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$, with normalstate resistivities ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{N}$ from 2 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$ \ensuremath{\Omega} cm to 4 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ \ensuremath{\Omega} cm. The lattice heat capacity is greater than for the separate bulk constituents, but there is no evidence for a change in the electronic specific heat capacity. The specimens become superconducting with a heat-capacity transition which is BCS-like for low ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{N}$ and diminishes as ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{N}$ becomes greater than ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ \ensuremath{\Omega} cm, until it is no longer observable for the highest ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{N}$. We conclude that as ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{N}$ increases the grains become decoupled. The size of the grains is such that thermodynamic fluctuations prevent the existence of bulk superconducting properties when they are isolated.
Developmental Setbacks in North-East India: The Role of Bank Credit (2016)

While looking at social and economic indicators of growth, this study shows that a majority of the North-Eastern States (NES), comprising eight states, have been lagging behind the all-India average, even though historically this was not the case. Assam, till 1970–1973, had achieved higher agricultural productivity and lower levels of poverty when compared to the national average. Currently though, lower agricultural productivity and a negligible share of manufacturing in the gross domestic product (GDP) of the North-East can be considered as the main reasons for the decline in the development of the region. On examination, the slow rate in the inflow of capital investment in the traditional factors of production appears to be responsible for the lack of establishment of industries and for discouraging the spirit of entrepreunership. To form private capital, bank credit plays a pivotal role and the article shows that the NES as a whole trails far behind in availing bank credit when compared with the rest of the country. The unstable law and order situation in the NES, along with restrictions on entry, issue of trade licenses and ownership of land has negated the theory which stipulates that ‘higher rates of profit attracts further investment’. All these factors have impacted the growth of profit and affected investment decisions in North-East India.
Space-Time Body Pose Estimation in Uncontrolled Environments (2011)

We propose a data-driven, multi-view body pose estimation algorithm for video. It can operate in uncontrolled environments with loosely calibrated and low resolution cameras and without restricting assumptions on the family of possible poses or motions. Our algorithm first estimates a rough pose estimation using a spatial and temporal silhouette based search in a database of known poses. The estimated pose is improved in a novel pose consistency step acting locally on single frames and globally over the entire sequence. Finally, the resulting pose estimation is refined in a spatial and temporal pose optimization consisting of novel constraints to obtain an accurate pose. Our method proved to perform well on low resolution video footage from real broadcast of soccer games.
8-Bromo-Cyclic AMP Induces Phosphorylation of Two Sites in SRC-1 That Facilitate Ligand-Independent Activation of the Chicken Progesterone Receptor and Are Critical for Functional Cooperation between SRC-1 and CREB Binding Protein (2000)

Elevation of intracellular 8-bromo-cyclic AMP (cAMP) can activate certain steroid receptors and enhance the ligand-dependent activation of most receptors. During ligand-independent activation of the chicken progesterone receptor (cPR(A)) with the protein kinase A (PKA) activator, 8-bromo-cAMP, we found no alteration in cPR(A) phosphorylation (W. Bai, B. G. Rowan, V. E. Allgood, B. W. O'Malley, and N. L. Weigel, J. Biol. Chem. 272:10457-10463, 1997). To determine if other receptor-associated cofactors were targets of cAMP-dependent signaling pathways, we examined the phosphorylation of steroid receptor coactivator 1 (SRC-1). We detected a 1.8-fold increase in SRC-1 phosphorylation in transfected COS-1 cells incubated with 8-bromo-cAMP. Phosphorylation was increased on two mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) sites, threonine 1179 and serine 1185. PKA did not phosphorylate these sites in vitro. However, blockage of PKA activity in COS-1 cells with the PKA inhibitor (PKI) prevented the 8-bromo-cAMP-mediated phosphorylation of these sites. Incubation of COS-1 cells with 8-bromo-cAMP resulted in activation of the MAPK pathway, as determined by Western blotting with antibodies to the phosphorylated (active) form of Erk-1/2, suggesting an indirect pathway to SRC-1 phosphorylation. Mutation of threonine 1179 and serine 1185 to alanine in COS-1 cells coexpressing cPR(A) and the GRE(2)E1bCAT reporter resulted in up to a 50% decrease in coactivation during both ligand-independent activation and ligand-dependent activation. This was due, in part, to loss of functional cooperation between SRC-1 and CREB binding protein for coactivation of cPR(A). This is the first demonstration of cross talk between a signaling pathway and specific phosphorylation sites in a nuclear receptor coactivator that can regulate steroid receptor activation.
Fatal delayed presentation of primary melanoma of the penis (2008)

A 60-year-old man presented with a 3-week history of lethargy, anorexia, breathlessness at rest, nausea and vomiting. He had a 5-year history of an undisclosed, enlarging, pigmented mass on his penis. He refused biopsy of this lesion. Fine-needle aspirate of an enlarged inguinal lymph node histologically confirmed a diagnosis of melanoma and widespread metastases were demonstrated by radiological imaging. The patient succumbed to disease within 8 days of diagnosis. Primary penile melanoma, albeit rare, is an important and sensitive dermatological problem, often leading to delayed presentation.
Diamond MEMS: wafer scale processing, devices, and technology insertion (2009)

Diamond has long held the promise of revolutionary new devices: impervious chemical barriers, smooth and reliable microscopic machines, and tough mechanical tools. Yet it's been an outsider. Laboratories have been effectively growing diamond crystals for at least 25 years, but the jump to market viability has always been blocked by the expense of diamond production and inability to integrate with other materials. Advances in chemical vapor deposition (CVD) processes have given rise to a hierarchy of carbon films ranging from diamond-like carbon (DLC) to vapor-deposited diamond coatings, however. All have pros and cons based on structure and cost, but they all share some of diamond's heralded attributes. The best performer, in theory, is the purest form of diamond film possible, one absent of graphitic phases. Such a material would capture the extreme hardness, high Young's modulus and chemical inertness of natural diamond. Advanced Diamond Technologies Inc., Romeoville, Ill., is the first company to develop a distinct chemical process to create a marketable phase-pure diamond film. The material, called UNCD&#174; (for ultrananocrystalline diamond), features grain sizes from 3 to 300 nm in size, and layers just 1 to 2 microns thick. With significant advantages over other thin films, UNCD is designed to be inexpensive enough for use in atomic force microscopy (AFM) probes, microelectromechanical machines (MEMS), cell phone circuitry, radio frequency devices, and even biosensors.
Numerical Design and Experimental Evaluation of an Aggressive S-Shaped Compressor Transition Duct With Bleed (2011)

The ability to design S-shaped ducts with high aerodynamic loading is advantageous from a performance and/or weight saving perspective. However, the radial pressure gradients required to turn the flow produce strong pressure gradients in the axial direction. This promotes the likelihood of flow separation from the inner casing as the loading is increased. The current paper presents a novel approach to accommodating the increased loading by bleeding an amount of air from the critical inner casing. The process through which the air is bled re-energizes the boundary layer sufficiently to enable it to remain attached despite the high duct loading. A bled duct is numerically developed and experimentally evaluated using a fully annular isothermal facility, with representative inlet conditions provided by a single stage axial compressor. The measurements indicate successful operation of this new design concept with a reduction in the overall system length, compared to a conventional design, of approximately 30% and a reduction in loss of approximately 20%. The data also demonstrate, to a limited degree, the ability to control the flow distribution at duct exit ultimately improving flow uniformity. Furthermore, the pressure of the bled flow is higher than at rotor exit where, in current engine architectures, flow is typically removed from the main gas path. In other words current engine bleed locations could be replaced by a bleed flow within the transition duct, and this flow is of sufficient pressure to meet the existing requirements associated with cooling, sealing and/or zone ventilation.
Developmental Expression of Interstitial Collagen Genes In Fetal Bladders (1997)

Bovine bladders at 3 stages during fetal development were examined for expression of collagens by immunohistochemistry as well as by measurement of steady state mRNA levels. Expression of type I and type III collagens during the fetal period was compared with that of adult cows as well as a young animal (heifer). Each bladder was separated into a detrusor and a urothelial-lamina propria sample which were then analyzed separately. Distribution and fiber arrangement of types I and III collagens were different depending upon the region of the bladder wall examined. Type III collagen, in particular, has a "coiled" appearance which is especially prominent within the lamina propria. Collagen gene expression showed a distinctive pattern which was different for both type I and type III collagen. While type I collagen gene expression peaked during the late second to early third trimester, type III collagen expression progressively decreased throughout the fetal period. In addition, expression of both collagens was greater in the urothelial-lamina propria fractions. These data demonstrate that the pattern of collagen gene expression in the developing bladder is developmentally regulated and is unique to each of the two major structural layers.
High performance no flow underfills for low-cost flip-chip applications (2002)

Underfill encapsulant is critical to the reliability of the flip-chip solder joint interconnects. No-flow underfill encapsulant is one type of underfill encapsulants and is increasingly becoming attractive to production engineers due to the simplification of the no-flow underfilling process. To develop the no-flow underfill materials suitable for no-flow underfilling process of flip-chip solder joint interconnects, we have studied and developed several catalysts for no-flow underfill formulations. These catalysts were reacted with epoxy resins (cycloaliphatic type epoxy), crosslinkers or hardeners, and other additives, such as adhesion promoters, silica fillers, self-fluxing agents, and surfactants, to form the low-cost high performance underfills. The effects of concentration of hardeners and catalysts as well as other factors on the curing profile and physical properties of the cured formulations were studied. The kinetics and reaction heat of the curing reactions of these formulations were investigated by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Glass transition temperature (Tg) and thermal coefficient of expansion (TCE) of these cured resins were investigated by thermo-mechanical analyzer (TMA). Cured formulations were measured by dynamic-mechanical analyzer (DMA). Additionally, the comparison results of our successful generic underfills with the current state-of-the-art commercial no-flow underfills are reported here.