gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Über Erdalkalimetalloxoindate. II. Ein neues Calciumindat: Ca3In2O6 (1973)

Abstract Erstmals wurde Ca 3 In 2 O 6 dargestellt und röntgenographisch an Einkristallen untersucht. Die orthorhombisch kristallisierende Substanz (a = 10,908, b = 16,45, c = 3,228 Å, Raumgruppe: D –Pbam) besitzt partielle statistische Verteilung von Ca und In sowie eine isolierte Ca‐Position. Die Kristallstruktur von Ca 3 In 2 O 6 weist Ähnlichkeiten mit dem CaFe 2 O 4 ‐Bautyp.
Gas Generation, Transport, and Extraction in Landfills (1995)

A model describing the generation, transport, and extraction of gas in a landfill has been developed. In the model the landfill gas is assumed to be an equimolar mixture of CH 4 and CO 2 . The waste is thought to comprise three classes of materials differing in their degree of biodegradability but all following first-order biodegradation kinetics. The model describes changes in the total pressure and not the partial pressures of the individual components. It predicts the pressure field inside a landfill, where gas extraction occurs from a number of wells placed at arbitrary points. The wells are assumed to be one-dimensional line sinks with uniform gas extraction rates. When the walls of the landfill are impermeable to flow, the model equations can be solved analytically. The full problem describing a landfill with permeable walls is treated numerically. The effect of the various parameters, such as gas-extraction rates, generation rates, and permeabilities are discussed.
Herpes Zoster Reactivation in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: Analysis of Disease Characteristics and Disease‐Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (2015)

In the Corrona registry, the HZ risk in RA patients taking prior or current MTX increased with older age and higher prednisone dose. The HZ risk among these patients with RA was comparable after initiation of TNFi versus non-TNFi versus csDMARDs.
Risk-Aware Service Routes Planning for System Protection Communication Networks of Software-Defined Networking in Energy Internet (2020)

Energy Internet (EI) is assumed to be the advanced stage of smart grids (SG), which is aiming to facilitate the utilization and sharing of energy through a highly flexible and efficient grid by leveraging renewable energy and Internet technology. To ensure coordinated operations of subsystems in EI, it requires the assistance of the high-performance system protection communication network (SPCN). As a promising networking technology, Software-defined networking (SDN) is applied to the communication architecture construction of SPCN due to the benefits of a global view of the SDN controller along with the programmability. At the same time, in light of the significance of control services to EI and to ensure continuous and reliable transmission, dual routes are urgent to be preplanned so that the SDN controller freely switch control services from the primary routes to the alternate routes in the case of failures. However, the existing constructed routing strategies confront the conflict of network risk concentration as well as the requirement of service latency. Moreover, there are few studies considering both network operation risk and the latency requirement during routes planning. Hence, the problem of simultaneously minimizing the effect of network risk and potential delay of routes is formulated as a multi-objective optimization problem, which is NP-hard. We propose a novel risk-aware routes planning mechanism (RSRM) based on an evolutional algorithm. Extensive emulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach shows a better performance in different network topologies. At the same time, the metric of balancing risk of the network with RSRM achieves the minimum in comparison with other schemes while guarantees the near minimal service latency.
Transmission electron microscope study of the formation of Ni2Si and NiSi on amorphous silicon (1987)

The reaction of very thin (0.5–20 nm) layers of Ni with amorphous Si has been investigated by means of transmission electron microscopy and diffraction. The experiment, which is directly parallel to a previous study of similar samples prepared with Pd and Pt, has led to different observations. With Ni it is found that an amorphous Ni-Si solution is formed first, and that silicide formation, at temperatures which decrease with the amount of deposited Ni, results from the crystallization of that amorphous phase. With Pt and Pd microcrystalline silicides had been observed immediately.
Calcium leakage as a cause of the high resting tension in vascular smooth muscle from the spontaneously hypertensive rat. (1978)

Aortic strips from spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats relax in calcium-free physiological medium and contract to approximately 60% of maximum when calcium is again restored to the medium. In vivid contrast, the resting tension of aortic strips from normal rats is unaffected by manipulation of the calcium concentration of the bathing medium. These findings, as well as the reduced sensitivity of aortic strips from SH rats to norepinephrine and the observation that aortic strips from SH rats relax at a faster rate in calcium-free medium in comparison with aortic strips from normal rats, are consistent with the hypothesis that vascular smooth muscle membranes from SH rats leak calcium at a rate that is only partially compensated by the calcium pump.
An Automated System for Closed-Chamber Drillstem Testing (1990)

Abstract Because of its many advantages, including safety, accuracy, and instantaneity, closed-chamber drill stem testing continues to gain popularity as a well testing technique. Although commonly performed, closed-chamber tests typically require manual reading of pressure gauges and manual recording of data. This paper will describe a computerized system for automatic collection and analysis of closed-chamber test data. Using an IBM-compatible micro-computer and newly developed correlations, the system calculates maximum surface pressures vs. time for pure gas, gas-saturated water and gas-free water influx and displays the curves on the computer's screen. During the test, it reads from any of up to three pressure transducers, records the surface pressures and instantaneously displays them on the pretest planning graph. Following the test, it calculates flow rates for assumed pure gas and pure water flow and, as requested, plots pressure or either of the two rates versus time. In addition to the computerized system for acquiring the data, the paper will describe and diagram the manifolding system for measuring the surface pressures. The manifolding system was designed to (1) enable pressures to be read from any of a set of three transducers, (2) keep the transducers in a relatively safe area away from the rig floor, (3) tap the chamber's surface pressure at the control head instead of at the floor choke manifold, thereby eliminating chicksan hoses and swings and the accompanying potential for pressure leakage, and (4) allow components to be removed relatively easily for servicing. In summary, the paper will describe (1) the computerized system for acquiring closed-chamber DST data, (2) the enhanced and newly developed correlations and (3) the transducer manifolding designed for these tests. Diagrams of the manifolding and examples of tests will illustrate the paper.
Amino acid metabolism of dog jejunum before and during absorption of keto analogues. (1977)

In fasting dogs, significant uptake by the jejunal wall from arterial blood was found for glutamine and eight other amino acids. Significant release into the mesenteric vein of ammonium, alanine, citrulline, and proline occurred, equal in nitrogen content to glutamine nitrogen taken up. The keto analogues of leucine, valine, and isoleucine, infused for 1 h into the lumen at initial concentrations of 10mM, disappeared from the lumen at 20.2 +/- 1.6, 18.6 +/- 2.0, and 15.7 +/- 2.8 mumol/cm in 1h, respectively. Eight fifteen and seventeen percent, respectively, of these absorbed quantities were released into mesenteric blood as leucine, valine, and isoleucine plus alloisoleucine, indicating significant amination of the keto acids by the gut wall. No significant changes were detected in the arteriovenous differences of any other amino acids or ammonium. The remainder of the absorbed analogues of valine and isoleucine appeared as such in the blood. In the case of the keto analogue of leucine, there was apparent degradation by the gut wall of 34% of the absorbed compound.
医学伦理精典案例——医学伦理、哲学的、法律的及其历史背景的案因分析——克里斯蒂安·伯纳德(christiaan Barnard)的首例心脏移植手术 (1996)

克里斯蒂安·伯纳德在1967年12月的首例心脏移植手术与凯伦,昆兰的案例,开始涉及多学科的医学伦理学领域,器官移植提出了新的伦理学问题,诸如心脏捐献者是否真的已经死亡,移植外科医师的利益冲突、成本以及家庭负担等等.昆兰的案例牵扯到脑死亡标准确定的矛盾而这些矛盾又影响到器官移植手术中器官的移植时间1975年,也就是伯纳德移植手术7年之后,医学与伦理学的复杂性使许多人感到困惑,一个新的领域已就此展开了.
Catalytic Direct Amidations in tert-Butyl Acetate Using B(OCH2CF3)3 (2019)

Catalytic direct amidation reactions have been the focus of considerable recent research effort, due to the widespread use of amide formation processes in pharmaceutical synthesis. However, the vast majority of catalytic amidations are performed in non-polar solvents (aromatic hydrocarbons, ethers) which are typically undesirable from a sustainability perspective, and are often poor at solubilising polar carboxylic acid and amine substrates. As a consequence, most catalytic amidation protocols are unsuccessful when applied to polar and/or functionalised substrates of the kind commonly used in medicinal chemistry. In this paper we report a practical and useful catalytic direct amidation reaction using tert-butyl acetate as the reaction solvent. The use of an ester solvent offers improvements in terms of safety and sustainability, but also leads to an improved reaction scope with regard to polar substrates and less nucleophilic anilines, both of which are important components of amides used in medicinal chemistry. An amidation reaction was scaled up to 100 mmol and proceeded with excellent yield and efficency, with a measured process mass intensity of 8.&lt;br&gt;
Greek‐style yogurt and related products (2013)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Greek-style yogurt Chakka and shrikhand Quarg and fromage frais Mishti doi/dahi References and further reading
Big impact of nanoparticles: analysis of the most cited nanopharmaceuticals and nanonutraceuticals research (2020)

Nanopharmaceuticals and nanonutraceuticals research has been lately receiving a lot of scientific attention. We aimed to identify the top 100 most cited original articles of the scientific area, analyze their research themes, major contributors regarding authors, institutions, countries and journals. The bibliometric data was extracted from the Web of Science electronic database. Data was further processed by a bibliometric software, VOSviewer, to generate bubble maps to visualize the results. Inter-institutional and international collaboration networks were constructed to further understand the cooperation between different study centers. Results revealed that over 60% of the articles were published in the 2000s. As of November 2019, the articles were cited 576–3665 times, with 20.1–261.8 citations per year. The majority of the most prolific institutions were based in the United States. Besides the United States, China, South Korea, Canada and Germany contributed heavily to the 100 articles. Some popular themes included drug delivery, tumor, toxicity/biocompatibility and biodistribution. Regarding composition materials, gold, silver and polymeric nanoparticles were the most commonly used.
Efficient Scale-Adaptive License Plate Detection System (2018)

License plate detection is a common problem in traffic surveillance applications. Although some solutions have been proposed in the literature, their success is usually restricted to very specific scenarios, with their performance dropping in more demanding conditions. One of the main challenges to be addressed for this kind of systems is the varying scale of the license plates, which depends on the distance between the vehicles and the camera. Traditionally, systems have handled this issue by sequentially running single-scale detectors over a pyramid of images. This approach, although simplifies the training process, requires as many evaluations as considered scales, which leads to running times that grow linearly with the number of scales considered. In this paper, we propose a scale-adaptive deformable part-based model which, based on a well-known boosting algorithm, automatically models scale during the training phase by selecting the most prominent features at each scale and notably reduces the test detection time by avoiding the evaluation at different scales. In addition, our method incorporates an empirically constrained-deformation model that adapts to different levels of deformation shown by distinct local features within license plates. As shown in the experimental section, the proposed detector is robust and scale and perspective independent and can work in quite diverse scenarios. Experiments on two datasets show that the proposed method achieves a significantly better performance in comparison with other methods of the state of the art.
In Vitro Synthesis of Normal Bone (Type I) Collagen by Bones of Paget's Disease Patients (1980)

Bone samples were obtained from five Paget's disease patients and one normal individual at surgery. We characterized the collagen content of bone samples chemically, using sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis and cyanogen bromide peptide analysis, and also determined the type of collagen produced in vitro by these samples. Both Pagetic and normal bones make normal bone collagen with the α1 to α2 chains ratio equal to 2:1. However, Pagetic bones synthesized three to four times more protein and collagen per milligram of tissue as compared to normal bones.
Supporting network evolution and incremental deployment with XIA (2012)

eXpressive Internet Architecture (XIA) [1] is an architecture that natively supports multiple communication types and allows networks to evolve their abstractions and functionality to accommodate new styles of communication over time. XIA embeds an elegant mechanism for handling unforeseen communication types for legacy routers.
Genome-wide Target Enrichment-aided Chip Design: a 66 K SNP Chip for Cashmere Goat (2017)

Compared with the commercially available single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip based on the Bead Chip technology, the solution hybrid selection (SHS)-based target enrichment SNP chip is not only design-flexible, but also cost-effective for genotype sequencing. In this study, we propose to design an animal SNP chip using the SHS-based target enrichment strategy for the first time. As an update to the international collaboration on goat research, a 66 K SNP chip for cashmere goat was created from the whole-genome sequencing data of 73 individuals. Verification of this 66 K SNP chip with the whole-genome sequencing data of 436 cashmere goats showed that the SNP call rates was between 95.3% and 99.8%. The average sequencing depth for target SNPs were 40X. The capture regions were shown to be 200 bp that flank target SNPs. This chip was further tested in a genome-wide association analysis of cashmere fineness (fiber diameter). Several top hit loci were found marginally associated with signaling pathways involved in hair growth. These results demonstrate that the 66 K SNP chip is a useful tool in the genomic analyses of cashmere goats. The successful chip design shows that the SHS-based target enrichment strategy could be applied to SNP chip design in other species.
Visible photoluminescence in ZnO tetrapod and multipod structures (2004)

The properties of ZnO tetrapod and multipod structures were investigated using scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, photoluminescence (PL), and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. While there is relationship between g=1.96 EPR and green PL in some of the samples, this is not the case for all the samples. Therefore, the commonly assumed transition between a singly charged oxygen vacancy and photoexcited hole [K. Vanheusden, C. H. Seager, W. L. Warren, D. R. Tallant, and J. A. Voigt, Appl. Phys. Lett. 68, 403 (1996)] does not explain the green emission in all ZnO samples. The green emission likely originates from surface defects.
A fast Hadamard transform for signals with sub-linear sparsity (2013)

A new iterative low complexity algorithm has been presented for computing the Walsh-Hadamard transform (WHT) of an N dimensional signal with a K-sparse WHT, where N is a power of two and K = O(N <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">α</sup> ), scales sublinearly in N for some 0 <; α <; 1. Assuming a random support model for the nonzero transform domain components, the algorithm reconstructs the WHT of the signal with a sample complexity O(K log <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> (N/K)), a computational complexity O(K log <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> (K) log <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> (N/K)) and with a very high probability asymptotically tending to 1. The approach is based on the subsampling (aliasing) property of the WHT, where by a carefully designed subsampling of the time domain signal, one can induce a suitable aliasing pattern in the transform domain. By treating the aliasing patterns as parity-check constraints and borrowing ideas from erasure correcting sparse-graph codes, the recovery of the nonzero spectral values has been formulated as a belief propagation (BP) algorithm (peeling decoding) over an sparse-graph code for the binary erasure channel (BEC). Tools from coding theory are used to analyze the asymptotic performance of the algorithm in the “very sparse” (α ∈ (0, 1/3]) and the “less sparse” regime (α ∈ (1/3, 1)).
Problems of interpreting exercise-induced asthma (1973)

Abstract Factors affecting exercise-induced asthma are reviewed based on studies in large numbers of children and young adults. Evidence is presented to show that running is a more potent and reproducible stimulus than cycling and that walking and swimming have a small and variable effect. The greatest amount of exercise-induced asthma is found after 6 to 8 minutes of steady-state running at a work rate equivalent to about two thirds of the working capacity of the subject. Exercise may be repeated every 2 hours throughout the day without any diminution of its effect in causing postexercise bronchoconstriction. The use of exercise in assessing drugs used to treat asthma is discussed, and the importance of the type of exercise test and the use of placebo preparations is emphasized. Serial exercise tests may be used to study the duration of protection from exercise-induced asthma afforded by drugs such as cromolyn sodium.
Radiation force localization of HIFU therapeutic beams coupled with magnetic resonance-elastography treatment monitoring in vivo application to the rat brain (2008)

Magnetic resonance elastography is feasible in the brain and is a new way to non invasively control the stiffness of the tissue. The thermal HIFU necrosis of the brain results in an increase of its complex shear modulus. Furthermore, MR sequences can be very sensitive to motion and thus give a good tool to detect the acoustic radiation force in in-vivo. This target control can be very valuable in order to assess the quality of the aberration correction when a high power US signal is about to be sent trough the skull. In this context, ex-vivo and in-vivo experiments were conducted with and without an aberrating skull. They confirmed that both the MR localization of the US focal point and the measurement of the tissue stiffness pre and post HIFU, together with temperature control during HIFU are valuable and feasible techniques for the accurate monitoring of HIFU in the brain.
Introduction and Historical Overview (2015)

Osteoarthritis of the knee is one of the most common causes of painful loss of mobility in middle-aged and elderly people in many populations and is the main indication for knee replacement surgery. From the early days of arthroplasty, it was recognised that arthritis was often limited to the medial (or lateral) compartment of the knee and, in the pioneering operation of MacIntosh 1 , metal spacers could be used in one compartment or both. Gradually, however, as the advantages of bicompartmental arthroplasty were appreciated, unicompartmental (or partial) replacement was less and less practised, and in some countries almost disappeared. With the introduction of tricompartmental replacement, a large body of surgical opinion concluded that osteoarthritis of the knee was a disease of the whole joint (like osteoarthritis of the hip) and that common sense required the replacement of all the articular surfaces to provide long-term relief of symptoms.
Analytical Method Development of Vitamin B12 Supplement (2002)

This study uses real options approach to price the management flexibilityignored by traditional financial models and appraises the BOT projects accurately.A Decision Support System(DSS)is established to evaluate the BOT modelprojects.Also,a case of National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium isapplied to examine the usefulness of the DSS concerned.The results consist of:(1)The traditional NPV approach often undervalueshigh risks investment opportunities,because it ignores or doesn't properly valueimportant managerial flexibility.(2)After evaluating the case of National Museumof Marine Biology and Aquarium project by using the DSS developed,the resultsexhibit that a combination of the option to abandon from 89 to 94 year during thebuilding stage and the option to expand at the third year during the operating stagewill maximize the total value of the expanded NPV.(3)A sensitivity analysis withrespect to gross project value,riskless interest rate,and project volatility showsthat the expanded NPV increases with any increase of those factors.(4)Government may usually design a guarantee system in BOT contract to preventthe private sector from abandoning the project maliciously.
Secure Multi-Party linear Regression (2014)

Increasing efficiency in hospitals is of particular importance. Studies that combine data from multiple hospitals/data holders can tremendously improve the statistical outcome and aid in identifying efficiency markers. However, combining data from multiple sources for analysis poses privacy risks. A number of protocols have been proposed in the literature to address the privacy concerns; however they do not fully deliver on either privacy or complexity. In this paper, we present a privacy preserving linear regression model for the analysis of data coming from several sources. The protocol uses a semi-trusted third party and delivers on privacy and complexity.
Bupropion-Associated Mania in a Patient with HIV Infection (1992)

Department of Psychatry Logola Uninversity Stritch School of Medicine and Biological Psychiatry Section (116A7) Department of Veterans Affairs Edword Hines, Jr. Hospital Hines. Illinois Department of Psychiatry Rush North Shore Medical Center Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center Skokie, Illinois.