gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The mode of action of lipid-soluble antioxidants in biological membranes: relationship between the effects of ubiquinol and vitamin E as inhibitors of lipid peroxidation in submitochondrial particles. (1992)

The effects of ubiquinol and vitamin E on ascorbate- and ADP-Fe3+-induced lipid peroxidation were investigated by measuring oxygen consumption and malondialdehyde formation in beef heart submitochondrial particles. In the native particles, lipid peroxidation showed an initial lag phase, which was prolonged by increasing concentrations of ascorbate. Lipid peroxidation in these particles was almost completely inhibited by conditions leading to a reduction of endogenous ubiquinone, such as the addition of succinate or NADH in the presence of antimycin. Lyophilization of the particles followed by three or four consecutive extractions with pentane resulted in a complete removal of vitamin E and a virtually complete removal of ubiquinone, as revealed by reversed-phase high pressure liquid chromatography. In these particles, lipid peroxidation showed no significant lag phase and was not inhibited by either increasing concentrations of ascorbate or conditions leading to ubiquinone reduction. Treatment of the particles with a pentane solution of vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) restored the lag phase and its prolongation by increasing ascorbate concentrations. Treatment of the extracted particles with pentane containing ubiquinone-10 resulted in a restoration of the inhibition of lipid peroxidation by succinate or NADH in the presence of antimycin, but not the initial lag phase or its prolongation by increasing concentrations of ascorbate. Malonate and rotenone, which prevent the reduction of ubiquinone by succinate and NADH, respectively, abolished, as expected, the inhibition of the initiation of lipid peroxidation in both native and ubiquinone-10-supplemented particles. Reincorporation of both vitamin E and ubiquinone-10 restored both effects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Abstract 4414: DNA Variations in Voltage-gated Calcium Channel Beta 2 Subunit (CACNB2) Gene, Functional Consequences, and Association with Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in the INternational VErapamil SR-trandolapril STudy-GENEtic Substudy (2008)

Background: Genetic variations in the CACNB2 gene, which encodes a regulatory subunit of the L-type calcium channel, have not been thoroughly characterized. We undertook a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) discovery effort to characterize SNPs in CACNB2 and to determine if these SNPs were associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with hypertension and coronary artery disease (CAD), and if associated, to determine functional underpinnings. Methods: Genomic DNA from 60 ethnically diverse individuals was used for SNP discovery. SNPs from exons, intron/exon junctions, 5′ and 3′UTR of CACNB2 were identified and characterized by direct DNA sequencing. Four common SNPs (rs12764271, rs7069292, rs16917273, and rs2357928) from the 14 SNPs that were predicted to be functional by PolyMApr, were selected for a clinical association study in 1032 hypertensive CAD patients in INVEST-GENES who were randomized to atenolol or verapamil-SR-based treatment. Reporter assays were performed in CHO and HEK293...
Abnormal skin barrier in the etiopathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (2009)

These results suggest a new 'outside-to-inside, back to outside' paradigm for the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. This new concept is providing impetus for the development of new categories of 'barrier repair' therapy.
Analysis of front interaction and control in stationary patterns of reaction-diffusion systems (2001)

We have analyzed the stability of one-dimensional patterns in one- or two-variable reaction-diffusion systems, by analyzing the interaction between adjacent fronts and between fronts and the boundaries in bounded systems. We have used model reduction to a presentation that follows the front positions while using approximate expressions for front velocities, in order to study various control modes in such systems. These results were corroborated by a few numerical experiments. A stationary single front or a pattern with n fronts is typically unstable due to the interaction between fronts. The two simplest control modes, global control and point-sensor control (pinning), will arrest a front in a single-variable problem since both control modes, in fact, respond to the front position. In a two-variable system incorporating a localized inhibitor, in the domain of bistable kinetics, global control may stabilize a single front only in short systems while point-sensor control can arrest such a front in any system size. Neither of these control modes can stabilize an n-front pattern, in either one- or two-variable systems, and that task calls for a distributed actuator. A single space-dependent actuator that is spatially qualitatively similar to the patterned setpoint, and which responds to the sum of deviations in front positions, may stabilize a pattern that approximates the desired state. The deviation between the two may be sufficiently small to render the obtained state satisfactory. An extension of these results to diffusion-convection-reaction systems are outlined.
Gas-Surface Interactions (1992)

Molecular beam scattering techniques have firmly established themselves among the major tools for studying the kinetics and dynamics of gas- surface interactions. They have also proven themselves to be of great use in materials synthesis, most notably being used for the molecular beam epitaxial (MBE) growth of semiconductor substrates and superlattices. During the past few years our research group has been very active in developing new and quite general molecular beam techniques for studying the kinetic mechanisms of surface chemical reactions. We have, in particular, focused much of our attention on extending traditional molecular beam measurements to allow us to routinely explore coverage dependent kinetic mechanisms under essentially linearized conditions. These efforts have been quite successful. Our three molecular beam scattering arrangement is unique in the world, and significantly expands the range and power of modulated beam reactive scattering for studying complex kinetics at surfaces. The experimental methodology we have developed utilizes two continuous, independently adjustable beams to establish a desired steady state surface concentration, while a weaker modulated third beam induces small concentration perturbations around the selected steady state. This linearized approach permits the coupled differential equations which represent the overall surface reaction mechanism to be solved perturbatively, yielding quantitative information about the various kinetic steps which comprise overall reaction mechanisms.
Opening Remarks (1989)

Journal Article Opening Remarks Get access Jack Schmidt Jack Schmidt Fogarty International Center National Institutes of Health Bethesda, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Reviews of Infectious Diseases, Volume 11, Issue Supplement_2, March-April 1989, Page S335, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/11.Supplement_2.S335 Published: 01 March 1989
Diffusion of Boron, Phosphorus, Arsenic, and Antimony in Thermally Grown Silicon Dioxide (1999)

We studied the diffusion of dopant impurities, that is, ion‐implanted boron, phosphorous, arsenic, and antimony in and determined the diffusivity of the impurities in using secondary ion mass spectrometry and a process simulator. We also revealed anomalous diffusion of the dopant impurities in . © 1999 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Double-Distance Frameworks and Mixed Sparsity Graphs (2019)

Abstract A rigidity theory is developed for frameworks in a metric space with two types of distance constraints. Mixed sparsity graph characterisations are obtained for the infinitesimal and continuous rigidity of completely regular bar-joint frameworks in a variety of such contexts. The main results are combinatorial characterisations for (i) frameworks restricted to surfaces with both Euclidean and geodesic distance constraints, (ii) frameworks in the plane with Euclidean and non-Euclidean distance constraints, and (iii) direction-length frameworks in the non-Euclidean plane.
Effects of mesenchymal stem cell-derived nanovesicles in experimental allergic airway inflammation (2023)

Taken together, our results indicate that MSC-derived NV significantly reduce OVA-induced allergic airway inflammation to a level comparable to EV. Thus, cell-derived NV may be a novel EV-mimetic therapeutic candidate for treating allergic diseases such as asthma.
Accessory active site residues of Streptomyces sp. N174 chitosanase (2009)

The chitosanase from Streptomyces sp. N174 (CsnN174) is an inverting glycoside hydrolase belonging to family 46. Previous studies identified Asp40 as the general base residue. Mutation of Asp40 into glycine revealed an unexpectedly high residual activity. D40G mutation did not affect the stereochemical mechanism of catalysis or the mode of interaction with substrate. To explain the D40G residual activity, putative accessory catalytic residues were examined. Mutation of Glu36 was highly deleterious in a D40G background. Possibly, the D40G mutation reconfigured the catalytic center in a way that allowed Glu36 to be positioned favorably to perform catalysis. Thr45 was also found to be essential. Thr45 is thought to orientate the nucleophilic water molecule in a position to attack the glycosidic link. The finding that expression of heterologous CsnN174 in Escherichia coli protects cells against the antimicrobial effect of chitosan, allowed the selection of active chitosanase variants after saturation mutagenesis. Thr45 could be replaced only by serine, indicating the importance of the hydroxyl group. The newly identified accessory catalytic residues, Glu36 and Thr45 are located on a three-strand beta sheet highly conserved in GH19, 22, 23, 24 and 46, all members of the 'lysozyme superfamily'. Structural comparisons reveal that each family has its catalytic residues located among a small number of critical positions in this beta sheet. The position of Glu36 in CsnN174 is equivalent to general base residue in GH19 chitinases, whereas Thr45 is located similarly to the catalytic residue Asp52 of GH22 lysozyme. These examples reinforce the evolutionary link among these five GH families.
Suppression of adult T cell leukemia-derived factor/human thioredoxin induction by FK506 and cyclosporin A: a new mechanism of immune modulation via redox control (1995)

Adult T cell leukemia-derived factor (ADF), which is identical to a disulfide reducing enzyme human thioredoxin (TRX), is produced and released by activated or virus-infected lymphocytes. Here we report that, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA), ADF/TRX mRNA was induced within 8 h after stimulation as detected by in situ hybridization study. To analyze the mechanism of ADF/TRX induction during T cell activation, the effects of immunosuppressants including FK506, rapamycin (Rap) and cyclosporin A (CsA) on ADF/TRX expression were investigated by immunoblot analysis. ADF/TRX induction in PBMC by PHA, Con A or OKT3 mAb was almost completely suppressed by FK506. Whereas CsA also inhibited ADF/TRX expression in OKT3 mAb-stimulated PBMC, Rap failed to affect it in spite of exhibiting growth inhibition. In addition, exogenous IL-2 could not increase ADF/TRX production in FK506-treated PBMC or in PHA blasts. These results indicate that ADF/TRX induction in T cell activation depends on calcineurin-dependent events in the early phase and that IL-2 production is not directly involved in ADF/TRX induction. Furthermore, when recombinant ADF (rADF) was added to a culture of PBMC 1 h before the addition of PHA and FK506, the action of FK506 was partially reversed as determined by [3H]thymidine incorporation and viable cell counts. These results suggest that ADF/TRX produced and released from PBMC may be a crucial event in lymphocyte activation, and that FK506 and CsA may exert the immune suppression partly through inhibiting the induction of the endogenous reducing factor ADF/TRX.
STUDIES ON NEW ANTIBIOTIC LIVIDOMYCINS. IV (1971)

The acid hydrolysis of methyl lividotriosaminide obtained from the methanolysis of lividomycin A gave D-mannose, D-ribose and neosamine B. The sequence and the position of linkage of these three compounds were determined. 1-O-Acetyl-2, 3, 4, 6-tetra-O-methyl-α-D-mannose and l, 3-di-O-acetyl-2, 5-di-O-methyl-β-D-ribose were formed by acid hydrolysis of di-N-acetyl-deca-Omethyllividomycin A followed by acetylation and other observations. The attachment to 2-deoxystreptamine of lividotriosamine was determined by the formation of di-N-acetyl-6-O-methyl-2-deoxystreptamine. The stereochemistry of the glycosidic linkage was determined by comparison of the NMR spectra of N-acetylated derivatives of lividomycin A and paromomycin. Thus, the chemical structure of lividomycin A was concluded to be 4-O-(2-amino-2, 3-dideoxy-α-D-glucopyranosyl)- 5 -O- [3-O- {4-O-(α-D-mannopyranosyl)-2, 6-diamino-2, 6-dideoxy-α-L-idopyranosyl} -β-D-ribofuranosyl]-1, 3-diamino-1, 2, 3-trideoxy-myo-inositol or mannosyldeoxyparomomycin.
Biocompatibility Profiling of Molten Inorganic Zinc Chloride Pre-Treatment Medium Using Corn Cob as Carbon Source (2017)

Previous studies on the application of molten hydrate salts, such as zinc chloride tetrahydrate, in biomass refining have proven their efficiency as non-derivatising pre-treatment solvents. The possibility of using this salt media as a platform for simultaneous pretreatment of biomass and bioconversion of resulting sugars into biocommodities could be strengthened by investigating the physiological acclimatization of selected microbial agents capable of biocatalysis in the relatively high salt media. This study sought to investigate the biocompatibility of ZnCl2 salt pretreatment media with a mixed-consortia of microbes using dissolved corncob and glucose as carbon sources. Quantification of DNA extracted from product stream at 24 h intervals revealed the negative influence of the salt concentration on general microbial life, but the microbial activity during the period was immensely reduced, making the application of molecular techniques for identification of the active microbial agents inevitable. 16s rRNA metagenomics analysis of the raw cow dung and product samples revealed a total 1765 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Overall, species belonging to the Clostridia and Bacilli were the most represented genera at the analyzed salt concentration (0.9 M L-1). The findings documented herein could be instrumental to developing more advanced and consolidated bio/chemo catalytic process for lignocellulosic biomass conversion to biocommodities.
Reproducibility of Temperature-Selected Mass Spectra in Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization of Peptides (2012)

Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization of peptides was investigated using α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid as the matrix. In each experiment, a set of mass spectra was collected by repetitive irradiation of a spot on a sample. Even though shot-to-shot variation in spectral pattern was significant, it was reproducible for different spots and samples. Each spectrum was tagged with the temperature in the early plume (T(early)) estimated through kinetic analysis of the peptide ion survival probability. T(early) decreased as the shot continued because the thermal conduction got more efficient as the sample got thinner. From each spectral set collected under various experimental conditions, a spectrum tagged with a particular T(early) was selected. Then, patterns of the spectra thus selected were the same. The reaction quotient for the matrix-to-peptide proton transfer determined at a specified T(early) was independent of the sample composition, indicating quasi-thermal equilibrium for this reaction. Furthermore, the van't Hoff plots were linear, also indicating quasi-thermal equilibrium. This, together with the thermal kinetics for the fragmentation of peptide and matrix ions, is responsible for the reproducibility of the mass spectral pattern at a specified T(early).
Analysis of neutralizing antibody responses against poliovirus types 1, 2 and 3 in the Tripoli area of the Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (1988)

Analysis of the records available show that the introduction in Libya of a compulsory immunization programme against poliomyelitis was followed by a substantial decrease in the incidence of paralytic poliomyelitis. Nevertheless, the annual incidence is still higher than in many western industrialized countries. We have conducted a survey of neutralizing poliovirus antibodies in human sera. In the group aged 19 years and upwards, i.e., those born before compulsory immunization, 65% had detectable neutralizing antibodies against the 3 viruses, and on average 73% were positive for 2 of the 3 virus serotypes and 85% for only one. The overall proportions in schoolchildren 6-18 years old were lower than in adults. In adults and schoolchildren from 6-18 years old, the highest proportion of positives was against type 2 poliovirus. For infants up to 5 years old the figures overall were higher but the type 2 serotype did not predominate. Surprisingly, the anticipated increase in proportions of positive antisera in 7 year olds, following a booster immunization at the time of school entry, was not apparent, implying inadequate coverage. The results appear to show that stricter measures to control the rate of coverage of immunization are required to reduce the relatively high incidence of paralytic poliomyelitis in Libya.
Novel all-polymer microfluidic devices monolithically integrated within metallic electrodes for SDS-CGE of proteins (2007)

This work describes the fabrication and characterization of a complete polymeric microfluidic device monolithically integrated within metallic electrodes. The fabrication is performed by using standard photolithography, metal deposition and wafer bonding onto polymer substrates, which dramatically reduces the final cost and allows repeatable volume production with respect to the current technology. The negative epoxy photoresist SU-8 has been employed to pattern the microfluidic circuitry onto polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) wafers. The SU-8 photolithography and bonding processes have been optimized in order to make them compatible with PMMA substrates. Several process parameters have been analysed with the differential scanning calorimetry technique to achieve a precise control of the fabrication process. In order to validate this novel technology, some devices have been designed to perform protein separation by means of capillary gel electrophoresis techniques. The required metallic electrodes for such a chip have been monolithically integrated onto the SU-8 films by a lift-off technique. The separation of two different proteins (20 and 97 kDa) has been successfully carried out. All these polymer devices show similar performance than standard commercial glass-based capillary electrophoresis microdevices. Therefore, the possibility of obtaining a fully biocompatible, low cost and high performance Lab-on-a-Chip (LOC) device has been demonstrated.
Understanding the Mechanism of Lithium Ion Extraction Using Tributyl Phosphate in Room Temperature Ionic Liquid (2020)

This paper reports the liquid-liquid extraction behavior of lithium ions from aqueous solutions containing hydrochloric acid using a well-known neutral extractant tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) and commonly used imidazolium-based ionic liquids (IL). The effect of several experimental parameters on the lithium partitioning was examined, in particular the nature of counter anions, the concentration of TBP, the pH of the aqueous solutions, and the initial lithium ion concentration. The lithium extraction was also investigated with a conventional organic solvent 1-octanol to understand the role of the IL in the extraction process. Our results suggest that lithium partition into TBP/IL system proceeds via two mechanisms, namely by cationic exchange and ion pair transfer. The corresponding extraction equilibrium constants as well as stoichiometry of extracted complexes were determined. To overcome the loss of ionic liquid by cation exchange, we have shown that TBP mixed with an ionic liquid possessing low solubility in aqueous phases can extract lithium when a highly hydrophobic counter-ion such as (Tf2N− ) is present in the aqueous phase.
FDG PET/CT aids the management of IBD patients suspected of disease flare-up (2008)

Renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) with t(6,11) are very rare tumours. Only a few cases have been reported so far. t(6,11) results in fusion of alpha gene and transcription factor EB (TFEB) gene resulting in the overexpression of TFEB. The specific light and immunohistochemical features help in the diagnosis of this rare type of tumor. We report a case of t(6,11) RCC in a 38-year-old female who was incidentally found to have a right renal mass. We present this case to emphasize the typical light microscopic picture of this extremely rare tumor. Two population of cells are seen: larger cells with abundant cytoplasm and smaller cells with scant cytoplasm. Smaller cells are arranged around hyaline nodules resulting in the formation of characteristic pseudorosettes. Immunohistochemically, these tumors are diffusely positive for vimentin and focally positive for HMB 45 and CD 117. Knowledge about the typical biphasic light microscopic appearance and the characteristic immunohistochemical features help in the diagnosis of this rare type of translocation associated RCC.
Hyperfunctional C3 convertase leads to complement deposition on endothelial cells and contributes to atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (2009)

Complement is a major innate immune defense against pathogens, tightly regulated to prevent host tissue damage. Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) is characterized by endothelial damage leading to renal failure and is highly associated with abnormal alternative pathway regulation. We characterized the functional consequences of 2 aHUS-associated mutations (D(254)G and K(325)N) in factor B, a key participant in the alternative C3 convertase. Mutant proteins formed high-affinity C3-binding site, leading to a hyperfunctional C3 convertase, resistant to decay by factor H. This led to enhanced complement deposition on the surface of alternative pathway activator cells. In contrast to native factor B, the 2 mutants bound to inactivated C3 and induced formation of functional C3-convertase on iC3b-coated surface. We demonstrated for the first time that factor B mutations lead to enhanced C3-fragment deposition on quiescent and adherent human glomerular cells (GEnCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), together with the formation of sC5b-9 complexes. These results could explain the occurrence of the disease, since excessive complement deposition on endothelial cells is a central event in the pathogenesis of aHUS. Therefore, risk factors for aHUS are not only mutations leading to loss of regulation, but also mutations, resulting in hyperactive C3 convertase.