gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improving Speech Recognition in Meeting Using Dealing Rights to Speak (2020)

Communication-field mechanism design is to design a mechanism including rules and incentives to indirectly control a group of people having communication, e.g., discussion, debate, meeting, and consultation. A communication-field mechanism is expected to give constraints to the actual communications. We hypothesized that such constraints are beneficial for the application of technologies based on artificial intelligence. In this paper, we evaluate this concept by taking an automatic speech recognition system and dealing rights to speak (DRS) as an example of proof of concept. An experiment shows that the simple introduction of DRS improves the performance of speech recognition.
Facial Nerve Preservation Surgery for Koos Stage 3 and 4 Vestibular Schwannomas (2014)

Object: Large vestibular schwannomas pose a unique challenge of achieving surgical cure while maintaining normal facial nerve function. Facial nerve preservation surgery, defined as attempted maintenance of normal facial nerve function at the cost of residual tumor when adherent to the facial nerve or root entry zone, is a novel idea. We present our experience and evaluate functional outcomes and extent of resection.
Functionalized hydrocarbons with condensed ring skeletons. V. Substituted 1,2-dimethyltricyclo[8.4.0.02,7]tetradec-8-ene (1990)

C 24 H 34 O 8 cristallise dans A2/n avec a=25,8320, b=6,8873, c=26,4287 A, β=99,620°, z=8; affinement jusqu'a R=0,044. Le compose tricyclique a une configuration opposee en C 10 a celle des saponines triterpenes. La jonction AB des cycles est de stereoisomerie cis, celle-ci est de type anti pour les methyl en C 1 et C 2 , et de type trans pour la jonction de cycles BC
Powder processing from the 1980's to the 1990's (1996)

This paper presents a solution for the automation of powder processing within the pharmaceutical industry. A single-vessel processor (SVP) is introduced which eliminates the need for the conventional eight distinct unit operations by combining these within the SVP. A simulation model is used to compare the traditional multi- vessel approach to that of single-vessel operation with the results being discussed in terms of the size reduction of plants, improvements in batch processing and flexibility
Vers la synthèse totale du (-)-triptolide : Etude de la réactivité du trichlorométhyltriméthylsilane (2008)

La synthese totale de produits naturels est un domaine important de la chimie organique. Cette science permet en effet a l’homme de se substituer a la nature et d’acceder a des structures moleculaires toujours plus complexes. La majeure partie de ce manuscrit presente les travaux realises dans le cadre de la synthese du (-)-triptolide, possedant des proprietes anti-tumorales tres prometteuses dans le domaine de la lutte contre le cancer. Une etude faisant intervenir des substrats modeles a ete menee dans un premier temps dans le but de valider notre strategie de synthese. Les resultats positifs obtenus avec le groupement initiateur epoxyde nous ont encourages a essayer d’appliquer notre approche par cyclisation cationique en cascade a un precurseur acyclique fonctionnalise. Apres une serie d’echecs, nous avons finalement reussi a former le substrat reel. Malheureusement, une etude approfondie de l’etape clef de cyclisation n’a pu etre mene a terme pour des raisons de temps. Le developpement de nouvelles methodologies est egalement un axe de recherche important, puisqu’il fournit les outils indispensables dont profite le chimiste de synthese. Dans cet optique, une nouvelle methode de formation des 2,2,2-trichloromethylcarbinols trimethylsilanes a ete mise au point. Les premiers essais visant a developper la version asymetrique de cette reaction sont egalement exposes. Finalement sont presentes les resultats encourageants obtenus dans le cadre de l’etude d’une nouvelle reaction permettant d’acceder aux amines primaires.
ImQuant — An image based fluorescence reader for quantitative lateral flow immunoassays (2016)

Fluorescence immunoassays (FIA) have strong potential in enabling rapid quantitative immunological testing at point of care. Existing state of the art instruments employ laser scanning of FIA test kits, which require the use of electromechanical systems, making the instrument bulky, heavy and less reliable in the long term. There is a growing need for an extremely compact and reliable, motion-free, automated reader for accurate quantification of immunoassays. Here, we present ImQuant, an image based FIA reader with integrated monochromatic excitation source, optical filtering and real time image capture, assisted with an intuitive graphical user interface. A 12bit dynamic range RAW ouput CMOS camera with 1/3” sensor format and a sharp cut off wideband filter were utilized to ensure improved accuracy. A laboratory prototype was constructed and tested using a set of stable reference cartridges that provided repeatable fluorescent lines. The ImQuant could capture the lines and measure area ratios with coefficient of variation (CV) less than 2%. Further, tests with blood samples on Quanti <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">®</sup> HbA1C test kits also demonstrated good repeatability with CV<;2%. The ImQuant is a novel platform of motion-free fluorescent scanning of FIA immunoassays and is being used for developing a variety of test kits and instruments.
Attenuation correction for small animal PET tomographs (2005)

Attenuation correction is one of the important corrections required for quantitative positron emission tomography (PET). This work will compare the quantitative accuracy of attenuation correction using a simple global scale factor with traditional transmission-based methods acquired either with a small animal PET or a small animal x-ray computed tomography (CT) scanner. Two phantoms (one mouse-sized and one rat-sized) and two animal subjects (one mouse and one rat) were scanned in CTI Concorde Microsystem's microPET Focus for emission and transmission data and in ImTek's MicroCAT II for transmission data. PET emission image values were calibrated against a scintillation well counter. Results indicate that the scale factor method of attenuation correction places the average measured activity concentration about the expected value, without correcting for the cupping artefact from attenuation. Noise analysis in the phantom studies with the PET-based method shows that noise in the transmission data increases the noise in the corrected emission data. The CT-based method was accurate and delivered low-noise images suitable for both PET data correction and PET tracer localization.
Iron‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Sulfide Oxidation with Aqueous Hydrogen Peroxide (2003)

Ein Eisen im Feuer: Alkylarylsulfide lassen sich Fe-katalysiert mit guter Enantioselektivität zu den entsprechenden Sulfoxiden oxidieren (siehe Schema). Als Oxidationsmittel dient Wasserstoffperoxid (30-proz. wässrige Lösung).
Phthalonitrile polymers: Cure behavior and properties (1999)

This article compares the cure behavior and properties of phthalonitrile polymers derived from three different monomers, namely, 4,4′-bis(3,4-dicyanophenoxy)biphenyl, 2,2-bis[4-(3,4-dicyanophenoxy)phenyl]hexafluoropropane and 2,2-bis[4-(3,4-dicyanophenoxy)phenyl]propane. Rheometric measurements with monomer melt in the presence of an aromatic diamine curing agent reveal that the rate of the cure reaction differs for the three monomers. The rate is dependent on the concentration of the curing agent. The glass transition temperature advances with increasing extent of cure and disappears upon postcure at temperatures in excess of 350°C. Based on thermogravimetric analysis, the thermal stability of all three polymers are comparable, whereas the fluorine-containing resin shows the best oxidative stability at elevated temperatures. Microscale calorimetric studies on all three polymers reveal that the char yields are high and the total heat release upon exposure to 50 kW/m2 flux for each polymer is low, compared to other thermosets. Flexural strength ranges between 80–120 MPa. The water uptake under ambient conditions is less than 3% by weight after submersion in water for seven months. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 37: 2105–2111, 1999
Combination hyperthermia and radiation therapy for malignant melanoma (1982)

Since 1975, clinical studies have been carried out to determine whether radiation when combined with localized hyperthermia evokes improved tumor control compared to that achieved with radiation alone. Local tumor hyperthermia was achieved using radiofrequency inductive heating at 27.12 MHz. In bulky lesions (greater than 100 cm3), radiofrequency conductive heating at 13.56 MHz was also used. More than 100 lesions in 38 patients were treated with radiation alone and hyperthermia in combination with radiation. Most lesions were treated either twice a week or once a week, depending on radiation dose fractionation scheme used. The overall result of tumor control rate of the combined therapy is superior to radiation therapy alone (75% versus 46%; P less than 0.01). No enhanced normal tissue morbidity was seen following the combined therapy. The detailed analysis of the treatment results shows that the tumor control rate is dependent on dose per fraction, the total dose, and the initial tumor volume. The radiation alone, at high doses per fraction, was effective in controlling 80% of the lesions, if the tumor volume was less than 10 cm3, compared to 30% when the tumor volumes were larger. The combination therapy, on the other hand, effected 80% local tumor control regardless of the tumor volume. The importance of good thermal distribution within the tumor volume, selective heating of the tumor tissues and the sequence and time interval between the combined therapy is discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: CATALYTIC ACTIVITY OF TERNARY OXIDES OF TITANATES AND VOLCANO RELATIONSHIPS (1978)

Abstract Die Zersetzung von N 2 O in N, und O 2 an MTiOg (M = Mg, Mn, Ba, Ca, Sr) ist bei Drücken 50 Torr eine druckabhängige Reaktion 1. Ordnung in bezug auf den NzO‐Druck.
2P1-H07 A Trial of Home Service by Multiple Robots in Near Future House (2008)

It reports on the appearance of the demonstration concerning the home service with multiple robots of spreading table, conversation robot, and media mirror in near future house though it was open to the public at the end of last year in Waseda University WABOT-HOUSE laboratory.
Mitochondrial plastid DNA can cause DNA barcoding paradox in plants (2020)

The transfer of ancestral plastid genomes into mitochondrial genomes to generate mitochondrial plastid DNA (MTPT) is known to occur in plants, but its impacts on mitochondrial genome complexity and the potential for causing a false-positive DNA barcoding paradox have been underestimated. Here, we assembled the organelle genomes of Cynanchum wilfordii and C. auriculatum, which are indigenous medicinal herbs in Korea and China, respectively. In both species, it is estimated that 35% of the ancestral plastid genomes were transferred to mitochondrial genomes over the past 10 million years and remain conserved in these genomes. Some plastid barcoding markers co-amplified the conserved MTPTs and caused a barcoding paradox, resulting in mis-authentication of botanical ingredients and/or taxonomic mis-positioning. We identified dynamic and lineage-specific MTPTs that have contributed to mitochondrial genome complexity and might cause a putative barcoding paradox across 81 plant species. We suggest that a DNA barcoding guidelines should be developed involving the use of multiple markers to help regulate economically motivated adulteration.
Variable Susceptibility to Cigarette Smoke–Induced Emphysema in 34 Inbred Strains of Mice Implicates Abi3bp in Emphysema Susceptibility (2017)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is caused by a complex interaction of environmental exposures, most commonly cigarette smoke, and genetic factors. Chronic cigarette smoke exposure in the mouse is a commonly used animal model of COPD. We aimed to expand our knowledge about the variable susceptibility of inbred strains to this model and test for genetic variants associated with this trait. To that end, we sought to measure differential susceptibility to cigarette smoke-induced emphysema in the mouse, identify genetic loci associated with this quantitative trait, and find homologous human genes associated with COPD. Alveolar chord length (CL) in 34 inbred strains of mice was measured after 6 months of exposure to cigarette smoke. After testing for association, we connected a murine candidate locus to a published meta-analysis of moderate-to-severe COPD. We identified deleterious mutations in a candidate gene in silico and measured gene expression in extreme strains. A/J was the most susceptible strain in our survey (Δ CL 7.0 ± 2.2 μm) and CBA/J was the least susceptible (Δ CL -0.3 ± 1.2 μm). By integrating mouse and human genome-wide scans, we identified the candidate gene Abi3bp. CBA/J mice harbor predicted deleterious variants in Abi3bp, and expression of the gene differs significantly between CBA/J and A/J mice. This is the first report of susceptibility to cigarette smoke-induced emphysema in 34 inbred strains of mice, and Abi3bp is identified as a potential contributor to this phenotype.
Evaluation prospective de la performance diagnostique de l'aspiration de bile avant et après brossage biliaire en association au brossage biliaire par CPRE dans le diagnostic des sténoses biliaires malignes (2015)

Le diagnostic cytologique obtenu par cytobrossage biliaire des sténoses suspectes est considéré comme spécifique mais très peu sensible. Peu d'études cliniques proposent des techniques visant à améliorer les performances diagnostiques de cette cytologie biliaire.
Finding Points-of-Interest (PoIs) from Life-logging and Location Trace Data (2019)

In this paper, we perform an analytical study on finding Points-of-Interest (PoIs) from life-logging and location trace data. The dataset is collected from thirty subjects in the real-world environment using our smartphone-based life-logging system. We adopt density-based DBSCAN clustering algorithm to extract PoIs from location traces, and apply statistical analysis to decide optimal clustering parameters empirically. By verifying the correlation and strength of association between the clustering result and place labels, we conclude that it is possible to infer the semantic label of the place from the accumulated life-logging and location data.
Advanced stereo projection using interference filters (2009)

Abstract— Stereo projection using interference filters is an advanced wavelength multiplexing approach that specifically takes into account the nature of the human eye, which is characterized by three types of color receptors. Accordingly, the filters used to code image information for the left‐eye and for the right‐eye image have three narrow bands each. Wavelength multiplexing represents a modern approach by overcoming earlier drawbacks in the color reproduction of image‐separation methods such as anaglyph technologies. Unlike polarizing technologies, there is no need of polarization reservation or a restraint to the projection technology.
Distribution and Kinetics of Ethanol Metabolism in Rat Brain (1998)

It was found that the accumulation of acetaldehyde produced from 50 mM ethanol in rat brain homogenates takes place in all major brain regions. The velocity varied between 3.5 to 7.1 nmol/mg of protein/hr. The rate increased in the following orderbrain hemispheres, striatum, brainstem, hypothalamus, and cerebellum. Significant regional differences in this process were found in the initial period of incubation (5 min), acetaldehyde accumulation was maximal in the brain hemispheres; but, in the 30- to 60-min period, it became significantly higher in the cerebellum. Inhibition of this process by the catalase inhibitor, 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (8 mM), was minimal in the brainstem (27%) and maximal (57%) in the cerebellum, despite nearly complete inhibition of catalase. This would indicate that processes other than catalase activity must contribute to acetaldehyde accumulation.
COMPARISON OF HUMAN MILK OLIGOSACCHARIDES WITH OLIGOSACCHARIDES FOR USE IN INFANT NUTRITION ON IN VITRO FERMENTATION USING FAECES FROM BREAST-FED AND FORMULA-FED INFANTS (2005)

The beneficial properties of human milk oligosaccharides (OS) are largely due to their fermentation by the infant's colonic microflora. Aim: To study the fermentation pattern of human milk OS (HMOS) in vitro, and to compare it to the fermentation of OS (to be) used in infant nutrition. Methods: An in vitro semi-dynamic fermentation system was inoculated with fresh faeces from either breast-fed or formula-fed infants (age <1 yr). HMOS, a mixture of galacto- & long-chain fructo-OS (GOS/FOS, 9:1), acidic OS (AOS, derived from citrus pectin; equivalent to carrot soup OS) and intact citrus pectin were added and samples were taken at t = 3, 24 and 48 hr. Samples were analysed for short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) by GC. Gas production was also measured. In every experiment, glucose fermentations were carried out as a reference. Results: Total SCFA and gas production are expressed as percentage relative to glucose (mean ± SEM). Molar ratio SCFA = acetate: propionate: butyrate.TableIn a separate experiment using faeces from a formula-fed infant with similar results for GOS/FOS, AOS produced more SCFA and gas than intact citrus pectin, but with an identical SCFA ratio. Summary & Conclusions: GOS/FOS are fermented gradually and almost completely by the colonic microflora of breast-fed and formula-fed infants, in a similar way to HMOS. AOS are also well fermented by the infant's microflora: (a) initially slower than GOS/FOS, but with a higher final gas production, (b) more completely than intact citrus pectin, and (c) with an identical SCFA ratio.
Surveillance of anti-hantavirus antibodies among certain high-risk groups in Taiwan. (1998)

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome is a serious health concern in neighboring countries of Taiwan, such as mainland China and Korea. In Taiwan, only two suspected cases were recorded before 1994. The first confirmed case was reported in 1995, but this proved to be imported. To study hantavirus infection in Taiwan, we tested blood collected from garbage collectors, animal handlers, patients with febrile illness of unknown origin, and field rats, the host of hantavirus, for the presence of antibody against hantavirus using an indirect immunofluorescent antibody technique. The positive rates were 1.55% (3/193), 3.45% (1/29), 1.42% (3/211), and 5.56% (9/162), respectively. The subtypes of hantavirus involved were either Hantaan-like or Seoul-like. These results showed that hantavirus may have already invaded Taiwan without our knowledge and physicians should be aware of this.
Minimalist open-page (2011)

Contemporary DRAM systems have maintained impressive scaling by managing a careful balance between performance, power, and storage density. In achieving these goals, a significant sacrifice has been made in DRAM's operational complexity. To realize good performance, systems must properly manage the significant number of structural and timing restrictions of the DRAM devices. DRAM's use is further complicated in many-core systems where the memory interface is shared among multiple cores/threads competing for memory bandwidth.
SNR and noise measurements for medical imaging: I. A practical approach based on statistical decision theory (1993)

A method of measuring the image quality of medical imaging equipment is considered within the framework of statistical decision theory. In this approach, images are regarded as random vectors and image quality is defined in the context of the image information available for performing a specified detection or discrimination task. The approach provides a means of measuring image quality, as related to the detection of an image detail of interest, without reference to the actual physical mechanisms involved in image formation and without separate measurements of signal transfer characteristics or image noise. The measurement does not, however, consider deterministic errors in the image; they need a separate evaluation for imaging modalities where they are of concern. The detectability of an image detail can be expressed in terms of the ideal observer's signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the decision level. Often a good approximation to this SNR can be obtained by employing sub-optimal observers, whose performance correlates well with the performance of human observers as well. In this paper the measurement of SNR is based on implementing algorithmic realizations of specified observers and analysing their responses while actually performing a specified detection task of interest. Three observers are considered: the ideal prewhitening matched filter, the non-prewhitening matched filter, and the DC-suppressing non-prewhitening matched filter. The construction of the ideal observer requires an impractical amount of data and computing, except for the most simple imaging situations. Therefore, the utilization of sub-optimal observers is advised and their performance in detecting a specified signal is discussed. Measurement of noise and SNR has been extended to include temporally varying images and dynamic imaging systems.
Atomoxetine modulates the contribution of high- and low-level signals during free viewing of natural images in rhesus monkeys (2020)

Abstract Visuo-spatial attentional orienting is fundamental to selectively process behaviorally relevant information, depending on both low-level visual attributes of stimuli in the environment and higher-level factors, such as goals, expectations and prior knowledge. Growing evidence suggests an impact of the locus-coeruleus-norepinephrine (LC-NE) system in attentional orienting that depends on task-context. Nonetheless, most of previous studies used visual displays encompassing a target and various distractors, often preceded by cues to orient the attentional focus. This emphasizes the contribution of goal-driven processes, at the expense of other factors related to the stimulus content. Here, we aimed to determine the impact of NE on attentional orienting in more naturalistic conditions, using complex images and without any explicit task manipulation. We tested the effects of atomoxetine (ATX) injections, a NE reuptake inhibitor, on four monkeys during free viewing of images belonging to three categories: landscapes, monkey faces and scrambled images. Analyses of the gaze exploration patterns revealed, first, that the monkeys spent more time on each fixation under ATX compared to the control condition, regardless of the image content. Second, we found that, depending on the image content, ATX modulated the impact of low-level visual salience on attentional orienting. This effect correlated with the effect of ATX on the number and duration of fixations. Taken together, our results demonstrate that ATX adjusts the contribution of salience on attentional orienting depending on the image content, indicative of its role in balancing the role of stimulus-driven and top-down control during free viewing of complex stimuli.