gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intelligent Reflecting Surface Aided Pilot Contamination Attack and Its Countermeasure (2020)

Pilot contamination attack (PCA) in a time division duplex wireless communication system is considered, where an eavesdropper (Eve) attacks the reverse pilot transmission phase in order to wiretap the data transmitted from a transmitter, Alice, to a receiver, Bob. We propose a new PCA scheme for Eve, wherein Eve does not emit any signal by itself but uses an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) to reflect the pilot sent by Bob to Alice. The proposed new PCA scheme, referred to as IRS-PCA, increases the signal leakage from Alice to the IRS during the data transmission phase, which is then reflected by the IRS to Eve in order to improve the wiretapping capability of Eve. The proposed IRS-PCA scheme disables many existing countermeasures on PCA due to the fact that with IRS-PCA, Eve no longer needs to know the pilot sequence of Bob, and therefore, poses severe threat to the security of the legitimate wireless communication system. In view of this, the problems of 1) IRS-PCA detection and 2) secure transmission under IRSPCA are considered in this paper. For IRS-PCA detection, a generalized cumulative sum (GCUSUM) detection procedure is proposed based on the framework of quickest detection, aiming at detecting the occurrence of IRS-PCA as soon as possible once it occurs. For secure transmission under IRS-PCA, a cooperative channel estimation scheme is proposed to estimate the channel of the IRS, based on which zero-forcing beamforming is designed to reduce signal leakage.
Perspective on the optimal endpoints for pulmonary arterial hypertension trials (2010)

Purpose of review Traditional endpoints in trials of therapies for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), including 6-min walk distance, are associated with significant limitations. Time to clinical worsening (TTCW) may represent an alternative, and although it is being considered as a primary endpoint in future trials, it will ultimately require refinement before it can be broadly applied. Recent findings Discussions with regulators about TTCW are ongoing, and there are several potential strategies that could be applied to enhance its robustness. For example, reliability and reproducibility could be increased if each individual component of TTCW were carefully defined. The optimal definition of TTCW may need to be varied in order to meet the differing needs of factors that include PAH cause, functional class, and age. The establishment of an independent and blinded committee who adjudicate problematic events (e.g. PAH-related hospitalization) in PAH trials using TTCW would further increase reliability, reducing intersite and interinvestigator variability. Summary As the field continues to develop, overall trial design may warrant attention; to make results more clinically relevant, goal-orientated therapy strategies may be considered, in addition to traditional randomized controlled trial designs.
Highly Efficient and Stable Perovskite-Silicon Tandem Solar Cells (2019)

We describe the development of novel perovskite active layers and sputter-buffer layers for perovskite-silicon tandems with efficiencies surpassing 25% that pass a variety of IEC standard stability tests.
Correction: Percentage fractions of urinary di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate metabolites: Association with obesity and insulin resistance in Korean girls (2018)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208081.].
Supplementary Table 3 from Roles of Achaete-Scute Homologue 1 in DKK1 and E-cadherin Repression and Neuroendocrine Differentiation in Lung Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Table 3 from Roles of Achaete-Scute Homologue 1 in DKK1 and E-cadherin Repression and Neuroendocrine Differentiation in Lung Cancer
Characteristics of Dihydroxyphenylalanine/5‐Hydroxytryptophan Decarboxylase Activity in Brain and Liver of Cat (1982)

Abstract: Dihydroxyphenylalanine/5‐hydroxytryptophan (DOPA/5‐HTP) decarboxylase activity varied widely in different parts of the CNS, being highest in the neostriatum and lowest in the frontal cortex. The addition of 2.5 μ m ‐pyridoxal 5′‐phosphate (PLP), the coenzyme, increased enzyme activity in brainstem and liver, while higher concentrations led to a decrease in activity. In brainstem, the addition of 1000 μ m PLP shows activity similar to that obtained without exogenous PLP. The effects of different monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors on decarboxylase activity were demonstrated. Iproniazid phosphate and harmaline significantly decreased the decarboxylation in liver and brainstem, while pargyline inhibited only liver decarboxylation. Some decarboxylase inhibitors such as RO4–4602 and α‐methyl DOPA, as well as piribedil, a dopaminergic receptors agonist, were added in vitro to measure their action on decarboxylase with or without exogenous PLP or with double concentrations of substrate (5‐HTP). Piribedil (5000 μ m ) affected the enzymic reaction and triggered a higher inhibition in liver. Inhibition in brainstem needed less RO4–4602 (50 μ m ) than in liver (300 μ m ). Addition of PLP did not reverse this inhibition, while doubling the concentration of 5‐HTP nullified the inhibitory effect in liver only. Inhibition induced by α‐methyl DOPA (5 μ m ) was easily reversed by doubling the concentration of substrate. However, the presence of exogenous PLP restored the enzymic activity in liver only. We conclude from this work thus that the enzyme can decarboxylate its substrate without exogenous PLP, that MAO inhibitors might inhibit decarboxylase activity, and that decarboxylase inhibitors react differently when brain and liver are used as enzymic source. PLP seems to act as a protective agent on the active site of the enzyme in the brainstem and preferentially with the substrate in the liver.
Thermoelectric Properties of Chalcopyrite-Type CuGaTe2 with Ag Substituted into the Cu Sites (2013)

CuGaTe 2 has recently been reported to have a high thermoelectric (TE) figure of merit ( Z T ) of 1.4 at 950 K [T. Plirdpring et al.: Adv. Mater. 24 (2012) 3622]. However, the Z T values of CuGaTe 2 in the low and middle temperature ranges are not high, due to high lattice thermal conductivity (κ lat ) in those temperature ranges. We have attempted to reduce the κ lat of CuGaTe 2 by the substituting Ag into the Cu sites. Polycrystalline samples of Cu 1- x Ag x GaTe 2 ( x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1) were prepared and the TE properties were examined. Ag substituted reduced κ lat and changed the carrier concentration and mobility, which improved Z T in the low and middle temperature ranges; a Z T value of 0.7 was obtained at 700 K for Cu 1- x Ag x GaTe 2 with x = 0.5, which is 40% higher than that of CuGaTe 2 .
Design Methodology and Protection Strategy for ESD-CDM Robust Digital System Design in 90-nm and 130-nm Technologies (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> A design methodology and protection strategy for ESD charged-device-model (CDM) robust digital systems is presented using a scalable postbreakdown transistor macromodel for 90- and 130-nm technologies. The macromodel was implemented in a design tool to aid reliable chip design and used to predict function failure in three different system-on-chip design examples. Simulations agree well with failure analysis observations, verifying the validity of the macromodel. A “correct-by-construction” protection strategy for overcoming induced ESD-CDM events is also proposed. No ESD-CDM-related function failures are observed for product chips protected with this strategy. </para>
High-Bandwidth Extended-SWIR GeSn Photodetectors on Silicon Achieving Ultrafast Broadband Spectroscopic Response (2022)

The availability of high-frequency pulsed emitters in the 2–2.5 μm wavelength range paved the way for a wealth of new applications in ultrafast spectroscopy, free-space and fiber-optical communications, surveillance and recognition, artificial intelligence, and medical imaging. However, developing these emerging technologies and their large-scale use depend on the availability of high-speed, low-noise, and cost-effective photodetectors. With this perspective, here we demonstrate GeSn photodiodes grown on silicon wafers featuring a high broadband operation covering the extended-SWIR range with a peak responsivity of 0.3 A/W at room temperature. These GeSn devices exhibit a high bandwidth reaching 7.5 GHz at 5 V bias with a 2.6 μm cutoff wavelength, and their integration in ultrafast time-resolved spectroscopy applications is demonstrated. In addition to enabling time-resolved electroluminescence at 2.3 μm, the high-speed operation of GeSn detectors was also exploited in the diagnostics of ultrashort pulses of a supercontinuum laser with a temporal resolution in the picosecond range at 2.5 μm. Establishing these capabilities highlights the potential of manufacturable GeSn photodiodes for silicon-integrated high-speed extended-SWIR applications.
Moessbauer and magnetic studies of bifunctional medium-pore zeolite-iron catalysts used in synthesis gas conversion (1980)

Medium-pore (diameter approx. 6 A) zeolites such as ZSM-5 and Silicalite impregnated with Group VIII metals provide selective catalytic pathways for the conversion of coal-derived synthesis gas to gasoline or olefins. Moessbauer and magnetic studies on these catalysts containing iron or iron plus cobalt are reported. The zeolites were impregnated with metal nitrate solutions, reduced, and carbided to yield the active catalyst. The freshly impregnated samples showed Fe/sup 3 +/ type spectra. The ZSM-5 (14.7% Fe) and Silicalite (13.6% Fe) samples exposed to H/sub 2/(450/sup 0/C) showed an approximate 85% reduction to the metallic state. The carbided ZSM-5 (14.7% Fe) revealed a spectrum of Hagg carbide (Fe/sub 5/C/sub 2/), an active component of the catalyst. The used catalysts showed mixtures of Hagg carbide (Fe/sub 5/C/sub 2/) and cementite (Fe/sub 3/C). It is suggested that the selectivity of ZSM-5 (5.6% Fe, 4.5% Co) resulted from iron-cobalt alloy formation. 11 figures, 3 tables.
Scheduling techniques to enable power management (1996)

Shut-down" techniques are effective in reducing the power dissipation of logic circuits. Recently, methods have been developed that identify conditions under which the output of a module in a logic circuit is not used for a given clock cycle. When these conditions are met, input latches for that module are disabled, thus eliminating any switching activity and power dissipation. In this paper, we introduce these power management techniques in behavioral synthesis. We present a scheduling algorithm which maximizes the "shut-down" period of execution units in a system. Given a throughput constraint and the number of execution units available, the algorithm first schedules operations that generate controlling signals and activates only those modules whose result is eventually used. We present results which show that this scheduling technique can save up to 40% in power dissipation.
Photophysical studies of isotactic polystyrene in its gel state (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotophysical studies of isotactic polystyrene in its gel stateBarbara Wandelt, David J. S. Birch, Robert E. Imhof, Agnes S. Holmes, and Richard A. PethrickCite this: Macromolecules 1991, 24, 18, 5141–5150Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00018a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00018a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views88Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
PREDICTION OF DNA-BINDING RESIDUES FROM SEQUENCE FEATURES (2006)

Protein-DNA interaction plays a pivotal role in transcriptional regulation, DNA metabolism and chromatin formation. Although structural data are available for a few hundreds of protein-DNA complexes, the molecular recognition pattern is still poorly understood. With the rapid accumulation of sequence data from many genomes, it is important to develop predictive methods for identification of potential DNA-binding residues in proteins. In this study, neural networks have been trained using five sequence-derived features for prediction of DNA-binding residues. These features include the molecular mass, hydrophobicity index, side chain pKa value, solvent accessible surface area and conservation score of an amino acid. Interestingly, the side chain pKa value appears to be the best feature for prediction, suggesting that the ionization state of amino acid side chains is important for DNA-binding. The predictive performance is enhanced by using multiple features for classifier construction. The classifier that has been constructed using all the five features predicts at 72.71% sensitivity and 67.73% specificity. This is by far the most accurate classifier reported for prediction of DNA-binding residues from sequence data. The classifier has also been evaluated by using the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve and by examining the predictions made for different classes of DNA-binding proteins. Supplementary materials including the datasets are available at http://bioinformatics.ksu.edu/pdi/feature.html.
A Model for Estimating the Impact of Orthophosphate on Copper in Water (2018)

The nature of copper phosphate minerals in drinking water distribution systems has remained largely unsolved despite being an important link to reducing cuprosolvency. Chemical equilibrium modeling has also largely failed to accurately predict soluble copper in the presence of orthophosphate. The objective of this work was to develop and validate an empirical copper solubility model that considered pH, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and orthophosphate from a series of bench-scale copper precipitation experiments. An empirical model was constructed that allows for the determination of copper levels in a system given pH, DIC, and orthophosphate data. The predictive reliability of this model was assessed by evaluating a collection of cuprosolvency data from two decades of research and field observations and water treatment reports. The tests yielded a firm correlation between predicted and observed copper levels attested by a regression coefficient of 0.86 for a total of 851 observations.
La technique capillaire améliore la qualité des prélèvements biopsiques échoendoscopiques des tumeurs solides pancréatiques (2016)

La ponction échoendoscopique est la technique de référence pour diagnostiquer les lésions solides pancréatiques. Nous avons cherché à comparer la technique de prélèvement standard avec aspiration a la technique capillaire, plus récemment décrite, dans laquelle aucune aspiration n'est utilisée, le stylet étant retiré progressivement de l'aiguille à ponction.
Progress toward luminescence-based VAATE turbine blade and vane temperature measurement (2013)

Progress towards fielding luminescence-based temperature measurements for the Versatile Affordable Advanced Turbine Engine (VAATE) program is described. The near term programmatic objective is to monitor turbine vane temperatures and health by luminescence from a rare-earth doped thermal barrier coating (TBC), or from a thermographic phosphor layer coated onto a TBC. The first goal is to establish the temperature measurement capability to 1300°C with 1 percent uncertainty in a test engine. An eventual goal is to address rotating turbine blades in an F135 engine. The project consists of four phases, of which the first two have been completed and are described in this paper. The first phase involved laser heating of a 2.54-cm-diameter test sample, coated with a TBC and a thermographic phosphor layer, to produce a thermal gradient across the TBC layer similar to that expected in a turbine engine. Phosphor temperatures correlated well with those measured by long wavelength pyrometry. In the second phase, 10×10-cm coupons were exposed to a jet fuel flame at a burner rig facility. The thermographic phosphor/TBC combination survived the aggressive flame and high exhaust gas velocity, even though the metal substrate melted. Reliable temperature measurements were made up to about 1400°C using YAG:Dy as the thermographic phosphor. In addition, temperature measurements using YAG:Tm showed very desirable background radiation suppression.
Palladium-Diphosphite Catalysts for the Asymmetric Allylic Substitution Reactions (2005)

[structure: see text] We have designed a series of diphosphite ligands to study the effect of the backbone, the size of the chelate ring, and the substituents of the biphenyl moieties and to determine the scope of this type of ligand in the Pd-catalyzed asymmetric substitution reactions of different types of substrates. Good-to-excellent activities and enantioselectivities have been obtained for disubstituted linear substrate 11 (TOF's up to >2000 mol x (mol x h)(-1), ee values up to 99%) and cyclic substrate 14 (TOF up to 285 mol x (mol x h)(-1), ee values up to 92%). However, these ligands are inadequate for the Pd-catalyzed allylic alkylation of monosubstituted linear substrates because they provide low enantioselectivities.
Abstract 14106: Stroke and Coronary Artery Disease in Adults With Coarctation of the Aorta: A National Population-based Study (2017)

Introduction: Adults with repaired coarctation of the aorta (CoA) are thought to be at risk for premature stroke and coronary artery disease (CAD), but existing evidence is conflicting. Hypothesis:...
Supply partnerships and the effective management of low cost components (1996)

This paper is based on the experiences of C.J. Fox and Sons Limited, a relatively small company who are distributors of fasteners and other small components to original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) within the aerospace industry. It concerns the particular problems associated with the procurement and management of high volume low value components. It also reflects on the changing attitudes that aircraft manufacturers now have towards their suppliers and particularly how C.J. Fox has developed and responded to this new era of openness between customer and supplier. (4 pages)
Compression of Born ratio for fluorescence molecular tomography/x-ray computed tomography hybrid imaging: methodology and in vivo validation (2013)

The 360° rotation geometry of the hybrid fluorescence molecular tomography/x-ray computed tomography modality allows for acquisition of very large datasets, which pose numerical limitations on the reconstruction. We propose a compression method that takes advantage of the correlation of the Born-normalized signal among sources in spatially formed clusters to reduce the size of system model. The proposed method has been validated using an ex vivo study and an in vivo study of a nude mouse with a subcutaneous 4T1 tumor, with and without inclusion of a priori anatomical information. Compression rates of up to two orders of magnitude with minimum distortion of reconstruction have been demonstrated, resulting in large reduction in weight matrix size and reconstruction time.
[Antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical isolates of aerobic Gram-negative bacteria in 2006]. (2010)

We determined MICs of antibacterial agents against 1280 clinical strains of aerobic Gram-negative bacteria (19 genus or species) isolated at 16 Japanese facilities in 2006. MICs were determined using mostly broth microdilution method and antibacterial activity was assessed. Strains producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) accounted for 3.7% of Escherichia coli, 2.7% of Klebsiella spp., and 11.4% of Proteus spp. Notably, 18.8% of Proteus mirabilis was found to produce ESBL higher than 16.7% in 2004. This result was higher extremely than other species. Among Haemophilus influenzae, only 1.2% produced beta-lactamase and 62.8% that increased compared with 57.7% in 2004, were beta-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant strains when classified by penicillin-binding protein 3 mutation. Although few antibacterial agents against Pseudomonas aeruginosa have potent activity, only three agents--doripenem, ciprofloxacin, and tobramycin-showed an MIC90 of 4 microg/mL. Of all P aeruginosa strains, 5.7% were resistant to six or more agents of nine antipseudomonal agents, a decrease compared to 8.7% in 2004. Against other glucose-non-fermentative Gram-negative bacteria, the activity of most antibacterial agents was similar to that in 2004.
A pilot study comparing the pain sensations during PpIX build-up and clearance phases (2009)

It has been speculated that topical application of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) or methyl 5-aminolevulinate (MAL) may be more painful during light exposure after longer application times of the compounds than after shorter times, even though the same levels of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) is produced in both cases. The aim of our study was to investigate pain induction in the build-up and clearance phases of PpIX in the skin of healthy volunteers. 0.6 mmol/g of ALA (10% wt/wt) and MAL (11% wt/wt) creams were applied on the volunteers. The creams were maintained on the spots for 20- 24 hours and then wiped off. Subsequently, fresh creams were applied on the other arm of the volunteers for 4- 6 hours. Fluorescence emission spectra for all spots were measured every hour until the fluorescence levels were similar in both arms for ALA and MAL. Then the test areas were exposed to light until pain occurred. Time for pain to occur was recorded. The fluorescence of PpIX was measured before and after light exposure. PDT in the clearance phase seems to induce pain faster than in the build-up phase for ALA and MAL. Due to large interpersonal variations between volunteers further investigation is needed.
On the fire prevention safety control about the construction site of architecture project (2006)

In the process of construction of architecture project,the accident of fire on construction site and the loss of the accident are increasing year after year for lacking of corresponding fire control and prevention measures.Based on the supervision on the daily fire safety about the site and analysis upon the reason,it talks about strengthening the fire control and prevention countermeasures.
Prevention of Disuse Muscular Weakness by Restriction of Blood Flow (2008)

Our results indicate that repetitive restriction of blood flow to the lower extremity prevents disuse muscular weakness.
Experimental Layered/Enhanced ACO-OFDM Short-Haul Optical Fiber Link (2016)

Asymmetrically clipped optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (ACO-OFDM) is theoretically more optically power efficient than dc-biased OFDM (DCO-OFDM); unfortunately, its spectral efficiency is halved to accommodate the clipping distortion. Recently, layered/enhanced ACO-OFDM has been developed to mostly regain the lost spectral efficiency, and theoretically compared with other modulation formats. In this letter, we experimentally demonstrate L/E-ACO-OFDM for the first time over a fiber link. We transmit over a 19.8-km single mode fiber at 4.375 Gb/s, and show a 2-dB improvement in signal quality for the same laser bias current and received optical power over DCO-OFDM.