gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mitigating Bit-Related Stick-Slip With A Torsional Impact Hammer (2011)

The phenomenon of stick-slip is well researched and documented within the drilling industry. Bit-related stick-slip is often a problem when drilling hard formations with a Polycrystalline Diamond Compact (PDC) fixed-cutter drill bit. Under optimum drilling conditions, the PDC bit shears formation with a constant depth of cut (DOC). When a harder formation is encountered the bit loses DOC and more weighton-bit (WOB) must be added to engage the PDC cutters in formation. Many times, however, the reactive torque of the formation cannot be overcome immediately – in this case the bit slows or stops (stick) while torque is stored in the drill string until the torque required to fail formation is achieved and the bit violently rotates (slip). This action can cause damage to PDC cutters and other drill string components, resulting in reduced bit and tool life as well as poor rate of penetration (ROP). Traditional methods for mitigating stick slip involve adjusting operating parameters to avoid the stick-slip phase, pacifying the PDC bit by using higher blade counts, higher backrakes, etc., or even by using less-efficient roller cone or diamond-impregnated bits. These methods have only been marginally successful and reduce overall drilling efficiency and lead to reduced potential ROP. A torsional impact hammer has shown to be effective in reducing or eliminating bit related stick-slip and inefficient drilling in difficult formations. The following paragraphs will discuss the stick-slip phenomenon, traditional methods to combat stick-slip, and how the torsional impact hammer functions to reduce bit related stick slip and improve drilling efficiency. A case study of performance improvements is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Grafting of Polymers onto a Carbon Black Surface by the Trapping of Polymer Radicals. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
2-Arylcyclopropylmethanol as a substitute for homoallyl aryl alcohol in the construction of cis-2,6-disubstituted tetrahydropyran: synthesis of (±)-centrolobine (2014)

The application of 2-arylcyclopropylmethanols as substitutes to homoallyl aryl alcohols and their reactions with aliphatic aldehydes in the presence of SnCl4 in CH2Cl2 leads to an efficient Prins cyclization to generate cis-2,6-disubstituted tetrahydropyrans in high yields. The reaction is free from 2-oxonia-Cope rearrangement. This protocol was used to synthesize (±)-centrolobine in an overall 84% yield over three steps. The protocol holds promise for scaffold generation for medicinal chemistry exploitation.
Multimodality Therapy for Locally Advanced Prostate Cancer (2019)

Locally advanced prostate cancer typically requires multimodality therapy to improve patient outcomes. For patients managed with radiotherapy (RT), the
WGAN-Based Robust Occluded Facial Expression Recognition (2019)

Research on facial expression recognition (FER) technology can promote the development of theoretical and practical applications for our daily life. Currently, most of the related works on this technology are focused on un-occluded FER. However, in real life, facial expression images often have partial occlusion; therefore, the accurate recognition of occluded facial expression images is a topic that should be explored. In this paper, we proposed a novel Wasserstein generative adversarial network-based method to perform occluded FER. After complementing the face occlusion image with complex facial expression information, the recognition is achieved by learning the facial expression features of the images. This method consists of a generator G and two discriminators D <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> and D <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> . The generator naturally complements occlusion in the expression image under the triple constraints of weighted reconstruction loss l <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">wr</sub> , triplet loss l <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> , and adversarial loss l <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a</sub> . We optimize the discriminator D <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> to distinguish between real and fake by constructing an adversarial loss l <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a</sub> between the generated complementing images, original un-occluded images, and small-scale-occluded images based on the Wasserstein distance. Finally, the FER is completed by introducing classification loss l <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> into D <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> . To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, an experimental analysis was performed on the AffectNet and RAF-DB datasets. The visual occlusion complementing results, comparison of recognition rates of facial expression images with and without de-occlusion processing, and T-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding visual analysis of facial expression features all prove the effectiveness of the proposed method. The experimental results show that the proposed method is better than the existing state-of-the-art methods.
Associated chromosomal DNA changes in polyploids (1994)

The 2C and 4C nuclear DNA amounts were estimated in eight diploid species, belonging to three diverse genera (Vicia, Tephrosia, and Phlox) and their corresponding colchitetraploids. In P. drummondii, T. purpurea, and T. oxygona tetraploids the deviation from the expectation was highly significant. The DNA in P. drummondii was further discarded in subsequent (C1, C2) generations, thus attaining an overall reduction of about 25%. The DNA content in the subsequent generations was the same as that of C2. It is concluded that rapid DNA loss in the first and subsequent generations was not only associated with the substantial increase (30-66%) in the seed set, but it also helped in the establishment and stabilization of the tetraploid. The possible relationship between such a nucleotypic change and success of polyploids is discussed. The DNA change from the expected value in the P. drummondii tetraploid was achieved by equal decrement to each chromosome independent of size, i.e., small chromosomes loose the same amount of DNA as the large chromosomes.
Effects of feeding diets rich in α-linolenic acid and copper on performance, carcass characteristics, and fatty acid profiles of feedlot heifers1 (2014)

Our objective was to evaluate whether feeding elevated Cu concentrations in conjunction with Linpro, a co-extruded blend of field peas and flaxseed, affected in vitro fermentation, performance, and plasma lipid profiles of fattening beef heifers. In study 1, 2 in vitro trials were conducted as randomized complete experiments with a 2×2 factorial treatment arrangement (10 or 100 mg/kg added Cu and 0 or 10% Linpro, DM basis) to determine VFA/gas production and IVDMD. Linpro contains 12% α-linolenic acid and added vitamins and minerals. In study 2, a randomized complete block experiment with a 2×2 factorial treatment arrangement was conducted with the same previously described treatment. Crossbred yearling heifers (n=261; 351±23 kg initial BW) were blocked by weight into heavy and light groups and randomly assigned to experimental pens containing 10 or 11 heifers each. In study 1, no interactions between levels of Cu and Linpro were observed. Copper concentration did not affect IVDMD (P>0.2) but increased (P<0.05) by 1.2% when Linpro was included. Final pH was not effected by added Cu (P>0.05), but pH increased when Linpro was added (P<0.05). Total VFA were greater in high-Cu treatments (P=0.038) and molar proportions were not affected (P>0.34). Linpro had no effect on total VFA (P=0.46) and molar proportions of propionate and isobutyrate increased whereas acetate and the acetate:propionate ratio decreased (P<0.01). Linpro increased the production of H2S (30% higher; P=0.05), and Cu inclusion slightly increased CO2 proportion (64.06 vs. 67.58% for Linpro vs. Cu treatments, respectively). In study 2, there were no interactions between levels of Linpro and supplemental Cu except for plasma n-6:n-3 ratio (P<0.01). Final BW were similar for cattle fed 0 and 10% Linpro (581 vs. 588 kg; P>0.20), but cattle fed diets with Linpro consumed less feed (14.08 vs. 13.59 kg/d; P<0.05) and were therefore more efficient (0.129 vs. 0.137 for 0 vs. 10% Linpro, respectively; P<0.01). Carcass traits were not affected by treatment. Feeding elevated levels of Cu did not appreciably alter PUFA proportions in plasma and LM. Plasma and LM concentrations of omega-3 fatty acids, including C18:3, C20:5, and C22:5, were greater for heifers fed Linpro (P<0.05). Increasing dietary Cu was not effective as a strategy for decreasing ruminal biohydrogenation and subsequent tissue deposition of PUFA.
Target maneuver trajectory prediction based on RBF neural network optimized by hybrid algorithm (2021)

Target maneuver trajectory prediction plays an important role in air combat situation awareness and threat assessment. To solve the problem of low prediction accuracy of the traditional prediction method and model, a target maneuver trajectory prediction model based on phase space reconstruction-radial basis function (PSR-RBF) neural network is established by combining the characteristics of trajectory with time continuity. In order to further improve the prediction performance of the model, the rival penalized competitive learning (RPCL) algorithm is introduced to determine the structure of RBF, the Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) and the hybrid algorithm of the improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) algorithm and the k-means are introduced to optimize the parameter of RBF, and a PSR-RBF neural network is constructed. An independent method of 3D coordinates of the target maneuver trajectory is proposed, and the target manuver trajectory sample data is constructed by using the training data selected in the air combat maneuver instrument (ACMI), and the maneuver trajectory prediction model based on the PSR-RBF neural network is established. In order to verify the precision and real-time performance of the trajectory prediction model, the simulation experiment of target maneuver trajectory is performed. The results show that the prediction performance of the independent method is better, and the accuracy of the PSR-RBF prediction model proposed is better. The prediction confirms the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed method and model.
Method for removal and stabilization of mercury in mercury-containing gas streams (2023)

The present invention is directed to a process and apparatus for removing and stabilizing mercury from mercury-containing gas streams. A gas stream containing vapor phase elemental and/or speciated mercury is contacted with reagent, such as an oxygen-containing oxidant, in a liquid environment to form a mercury-containing precipitate. The mercury-containing precipitate is kept or placed in solution and reacts with one or more additional reagents to form a solid, stable mercury-containing compound.
Polymer layer ordering of polyaniline derivatives in PLED devices: Surface adsorption and characterization[Polymer Light Emitting Diodes] (1998)

The fabrication and characterization of polyaniline (PANI) derivatives deposited on ITO coated glass is investigated as possible hole injection layers for MEH-PPV based polymer light emitting diode (PLED) devices. This involved multilayer ordering by the alternate polyelectrolyte adsorption of polyaniline and sulfonated polyaniline with an oppositely charged polyelectrolyte from solution. A combination of spectroscopic and microscopic techniques was utilized to determine the layer ordering, film structure, morphology, and homogeneity. The deposition process generally showed a linear behavior for all pairs as shown by ellipsometry and UV-vis spectroscopy. However, surface plasmon spectroscopy (SPS) and AFM revealed that thicker films are accompanied by increased surface roughness regardless of concentration. Comparison in performance was made between bare ITO and PANI or SPANI coated devices. Initial investigations of PLED performance showed significant improvements in lifetime and efficiency compared to bare ITO.
Least-effort trajectories lead to emergent crowd behaviors (2012)

Pedestrian crowds often have been modeled as many-particle systems, usually using computer models known as multiagent simulations. The key challenge in modeling crowds is to develop rules that guide how the particles or agents interact with each other in a way that faithfully reproduces paths and behaviors commonly seen in real human crowds. Here, we propose a simple and intuitive formulation of these rules based on biomechanical measurements and the principle of least effort. We present a constrained optimization method to compute collision-free paths of minimum caloric energy for each agent, from which collective crowd behaviors can be reproduced. We show that our method reproduces common crowd phenomena, such as arching and self-organization into lanes. We also validate the flow rates and paths produced by our method and compare them to those of real-world crowd trajectories.
4-Nitro-1,2,3-triazoles from nitro-αβ-unsaturated gem-diamines (1979)

N. I. Viswanathan and V. Balakrishnan, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1979, 2361 DOI: 10.1039/P19790002361
Hyperhidrosis—Causes and Treatment of Enhanced Sweating: Surgical Treatment of Focal Hyperhidrosis (2009)

Surgical Treatment of Focal HyperhidrosisThe authors explain the risk of compensatory hyperhidrosis after endoscopic transthoracic sympathectomy (ETS) for palmar hyperhidrosis.Recent studies have shown that the rate and severity of compensatory hyperhidrosis seems to decrease notably if the ETS is performed from ganglion T3 and T2 is spared (1).Unfortunately, the authors do not differentiate between individual techniques in the section on local surgical techniques for axillary hyperhidrosis.Curettage and liposuction are mentioned, but the techniques that are accompanied by resection of axillary skin remain unmentioned (Shelley technique, Salfeld technique).Even though skin sparing techniques have been favored in recent years, there is no comparative study to date which shows a higher efficacy for a particular method.The authors explain that the aim of a technique without skin resection is "complete-as far as possible-removal of the axillary sweat glands" and cite a 1987 article by Bisbal et al in support.The Bisbal technique, however, is characterized by an S shaped removal of large parts of the axillary skin and has nothing in common with the named minimally invasive techniques.By contrast, a recent study has shown that 79.1% of all axillary sweat glands were removed when an aggressive method was used but no skin was resected (2).In conclusion, we wish to comment on the terminology used for the surgical techniques.Axillary liposuction is practically not used any more nowadays because the use of blunt cannulas has not been shown to be sufficiently effective (3).The term used should be that of liposuction curettage or sweat gland suction curettage, which clarifies that in addition to liposuction, a sharp ablation of the sweat glands is required with special sharp cannulas or, in a second operative step, by using a curette.
Efficacy of local polymer-based and systemic delivery of the anti-glutamatergic agents riluzole and memantine in rat glioma models (2014)

Riluzole and memantine can be safely and effectively delivered intracranially via polymer in rat glioma models. Both drugs demonstrate efficacy against the 9L gliosarcoma and F98 glioma in vitro and in vivo. Although systemic riluzole proved ineffective in increasing survival, riluzole acted synergistically with radiation and increased survival compared with RT or riluzole alone.
On the$L1_0$Ordering Kinetics in Fe-Pt Nanoparticles (2006)

The kinetics of the L1 <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> ordering process in FePt nanoparticles is investigated by thoroughly analyzing the thermal annealing process in two types of gas-phase based preparation methods. It is shown that annealing times as short as a few milliseconds are sufficient to allow for the formation of the L1 <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> order in these particles. It is deduced that the ordering kinetics is basically determined by the volume diffusion of Pt in FePt
Ultraviolet-induced movement of the human DNA repair protein, Xeroderma pigmentosum type G, in the nucleus. (1996)

Xeroderma pigmentosum type G (XPG) is a human genetic disease exhibiting extreme sensitivity to sunlight. XPG patients are defective XPG endonuclease, which is an enzyme essential for DNA repair of the major kinds of solar ultraviolet (UV)-induced DNA damages. Here we describe a novel dynamics of this protein within the cell nucleus after UV irradiation of human cells. Using confocal microscopy, we have localized the immunofluorescent, antigenic signal of XPG protein to foci throughout the cell nucleus. Our biochemical studies also established that XPG protein forms a tight association with nuclear structure(s). In human skin fibroblast cells, the number of XPG foci decreased within 2 h after UV irradiation, whereas total nuclear XPG fluorescence intensity remained constant, suggesting redistribution of XPG from a limited number of nuclear foci to the nucleus overall. Within 8 h after UV, most XPG antigenic signal was found as foci. Using beta-galactosidase-XPG fusion constructs (beta-gal-XPG) transfected into HeLa cells, we have identified a single region of XPG that is evidently responsible both for foci formation and for the UV dynamic response. The fusion protein carrying the C terminus of XPG (amino acids 1146-1185) localized beta-gal specific antigenic signal to foci and to the nucleolus regions. After UV irradiation, antigenic beta-gal translocated reversibly from the subnuclear structures to the whole nucleus with kinetics very similar to the movements of XPG protein. These findings lead us to propose a model in which distribution of XPG protein may regulate the rate of DNA repair within transcriptionally active and inactive compartments of the cell nucleus.
Discovery of a Potent and Efficacious Peptide Derivative for δ/μ Opioid Agonist/Neurokinin 1 Antagonist Activity with a 2′,6′-Dimethyl-l-Tyrosine: In vitro, In vivo, and NMR-Based Structural Studies (2011)

Multivalent ligands with δ/μ opioid agonist and NK1 antagonist activities have shown promising analgesic potency without detectable sign of toxicities, including motor skill impairment and opioid-induced tolerance. To improve their biological activities and metabolic stability, structural optimization was performed on our peptide-derived lead compounds by introducing 2',6'-dimethyl-L-tyrosine (Dmt) instead of Tyr at the first position. The compound 7 (Dmt-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-Met-Pro-Leu-Trp-NH-[3',5'-(CF(3))(2)-Bzl]) showed improved multivalent bioactivities compared to those of the lead compounds, had more than 6 h half-life in rat plasma, and had significant antinociceptive efficacy in vivo. The NMR structural analysis suggested that Dmt(1) incorporation in compound 7 induces the structured conformation in the opioid pharmacophore (N-terminus) and simultaneously shifts the orientation of the NK1 pharmacophore (C-terminus), consistent with its affinities and activities at both opioid and NK1 receptors. These results indicate that compound 7 is a valuable research tool to seek a novel analgesic drug.
Processed nerve allografts for peripheral nerve reconstruction: A multicenter study of utilization and outcomes in sensory, mixed, and motor nerve reconstructions (2011)

Processed nerve allografts performed well and were found to be safe and effective in sensory, mixed and motor nerve defects between 5 and 50 mm. The outcomes for safety and meaningful recovery observed in this study compare favorably to those reported in the literature for nerve autograft and are higher than those reported for nerve conduits.
Soybean antiviral immunity conferred by dsRNase targets the viral replication complex (2019)

Eukaryotic positive-strand RNA viruses replicate their genomes in membranous compartments formed in a host cell, which sequesters the dsRNA replication intermediate from antiviral immune surveillance. Here, we find that soybean has developed a way to overcome this sequestration. We report the positional cloning of the broad-spectrum soybean mosaic virus resistance gene Rsv4, which encodes an RNase H family protein with dsRNA-degrading activity. An active-site mutant of Rsv4 is incapable of inhibiting virus multiplication and is associated with an active viral RNA polymerase complex in infected cells. These results suggest that Rsv4 enters the viral replication compartment and degrades viral dsRNA. Inspired by this model, we design three plant-gene-derived dsRNases that can inhibit the multiplication of the respective target viruses. These findings suggest a method for developing crops resistant to any target positive-strand RNA virus by fusion of endogenous host genes.
Tensile properties of heat affected zone of medium strength low carbon, C–Mn, and 2·25Cr–1Mo steels (1990)

AbstractThe grain coarsened tensile properties in the heat affected zone (HAZ) of medium strength (Rp0·2⋍330–470 MN m−2) low carbon microalloyed, C–Mn, and 2·25Cr–1Mo steels have been examined using the weld simulation technique. Very high values of yield and tensile strength (Rp0·2>900 MN m−2; Rm>1100 MN m−2) can be obtained for low heat input welding (E < 1 MJ m−1; ∆t8/5< 5 s). For high heat input welding (E > 2 MJ m−1; ∆t8/5> 10 s), however, a substantial reduction in the values of Rp0·2 and Rm occurs, with the exception of the 2·25Cr–IMo steel. Based on the empirical equations developed, and the Suzuki BL70 hardness formula, it is shown that the grain coarsened HAZ yield and tensile strength can be calculated to an accuracy of ±50 MN m−2, while elongation at fracture and reduction in area can be predicted to an accuracy of ±3% and ±7%, respectively.MST/I077
A time domain derivation of the Kirchhoff migration as the gradient of a data misfit function (1993)

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