gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient Revocation of Anonymous Group Membership Certificates and Anonymous Credentials (2001)

An accumulator scheme, introduced be Benaloh and de Mare [BdM94] and further studied by Baric and Pfitzmann [BP97], is an algorithm that allows to hash a large set of inputs into one short value, called the accumulator, such that there is a short witness that a given input was incorporated into the accumulator. We put forward the notion of dynamic accumulators, i.e., a method that allows to dynamically add and delete inputs from the accumulator, such that the cost of an add or delete is independent on the number of accumulated values. We achieve this under the strong RSA assumption. For this construction, we also show an e#cient zero-knowledge protocol for proving that a committed value is in the accumulator. In turn, our construction of dynamic accumulator enables e#cient membership revocation in the anonymous setting. This method applies to membership revocation in group signature schemes, such as the one due to Ateniese et al. [ACJT00], and e#cient revocation of credentials in anonymous credential systems, such as the one due to Camenisch and Lysyanskaya [CL01]. Using our method, allowing revocation does not alter the complexity of any operations of the underlying schemes. In particular, the cost of a group signature verification or credential showing increases by only a small constant factor, less than 2. All previously known methods (such as the ones due to Bresson and Stern [BS01] and Ateniese and Tsudik [AT01]) incurred an increase in these costs that was linear in the number of members. 1
Photoreversible Surfaces to Regulate Cell Adhesion (2012)

We report the development of a photoreversible cell culture substrate. We demonstrate the capacity to modify the adhesivity of the substrate using light, altering its capacity to support cell growth. Polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) were used to produce tunable substrates of different thickness and matrix stiffness, which have different intrinsic capacities to support cell adhesion and survival. Surfaces were top-coated with a poly(acrylic acid)-poly(allylamine hydrochloride) polyelectrolyte bilayer functionalized with a small fraction (<1%) of an azobenzene-based photoswitchable sidegroup, which included the cell-adhesive three-amino-acid peptide RGD. Irradiation with light-induced geometric switching of the azo bond, resulting in changes to RGD exposure and consequently to cell adhesion and survival, was investigated on a variety of surfaces of different thickness and stiffness. Substrate stiffness, as modified by the thickness, had a significant influence on the adhesion of NIH 3T3 cells, consistent with previous studies. However, by disrupting the isomerization state of the azobenzene-linked RGD and exposing it to the surface, cell adhesion and survival could be enhanced up to 40% when the positioning of the RGD peptide was manipulated on the softest substrates. These findings identify permissive, yet less-than-optimal, cell culture substrate conditions that can be substantially enhanced using noninvasive modification of the substrate triggered by light. Indeed, where cell adhesion was tuned to be suboptimal under baseline conditions, the light-induced triggers displayed the most enhanced effect, and identification of this 'Goldilocks zone' was key to enabling light triggering.
Mental Health Has a Stronger Association with Patient-Reported Shoulder Pain and Function Than Tear Size in Patients with Full-Thickness Rotator Cuff Tears (2016)

Patient mental health may play an influential role in patient-reported pain and function in patients with full-thickness rotator cuff tears. Further studies are needed to determine its effect on the outcome of the treatment of rotator cuff disease.
Cholinergic collaterals arising from noradrenergic sympathetic neurons in mice (2023)

The sympathetic nervous system vitally regulates autonomic functions, including cardiac activity. Postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic chain ganglia relay signals from the central nervous system to autonomic peripheral targets. Disrupting this flow of information often dysregulates organ function and leads to poor health outcomes. Despite the importance of these sympathetic neurons, fundamental aspects of the neurocircuitry within peripheral ganglia remain poorly understood. Conventionally, simple monosynaptic cholinergic pathways from preganglionic neurons are thought to activate postganglionic sympathetic neurons. However, early studies suggested more complex neurocircuits may be present within sympathetic ganglia. The present study recorded synaptic responses in sympathetic stellate ganglia neurons following electrical activation of the pre- and postganglionic nerve trunks and used genetic strategies to assess the presence of collateral projections between postganglionic neurons of the stellate ganglia. Orthograde activation of the preganglionic nerve trunk, T-2, uncovered high jitter synaptic latencies consistent with polysynaptic connections. Pharmacological inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors with hexamethonium blocked all synaptic events. To confirm that high jitter, polysynaptic events were due to the presence of cholinergic collaterals from postganglionic neurons within the stellate ganglion, we knocked out choline acetyltransferase in adult noradrenergic neurons. This genetic knockout eliminated orthograde high jitter synaptic events and EPSCs evoked by retrograde activation. These findings suggest that cholinergic collateral projections arise from noradrenergic neurons within sympathetic ganglia. Identifying the contributions of collateral excitation to normal physiology and pathophysiology is an important area of future study and may offer novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of autonomic imbalance. KEY POINTS: Electrical stimulation of a preganglionic nerve trunk evoked fast synaptic transmission in stellate ganglion neurons with low and high jitter latencies. Retrograde stimulation of a postganglionic nerve trunk evoked direct, all-or-none action currents and delayed nicotinic EPSCs indistinguishable from orthogradely-evoked EPSCs in stellate neurons. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor blockade prevented all spontaneous and evoked synaptic activity. Knockout of acetylcholine production in noradrenergic neurons eliminated all retrogradely-evoked EPSCs but did not change retrograde action currents, indicating that noradrenergic neurons have cholinergic collaterals connecting neurons within the stellate ganglion.
Genome flexibility in Neisseria meningitidis (2009)

Neisseria meningitidis usually lives as a commensal bacterium in the upper airways of humans. However, occasionally some strains can also cause life-threatening diseases such as sepsis and bacterial meningitis. Comparative genomics demonstrates that only very subtle genetic differences between carriage and disease strains might be responsible for the observed virulence differences and that N. meningitidis is, evolutionarily, a very recent species. Comparative genome sequencing also revealed a panoply of genetic mechanisms underlying its enormous genomic flexibility which also might affect the virulence of particular strains. From these studies, N. meningitidis emerges as a paradigm for organisms that use genome variability as an adaptation to changing and thus challenging environments.
Biopolymer Xanthan: A New Adjuvant for DNA Vaccines (2020)

DNA vaccines have been evaluated as an option to prevent several diseases. In this study, the capacity of the xanthan biopolymer to improve the DNA vaccines immune response, administered intramuscularly, was evaluated. The experimental vaccines consisted of genes encoding fragments of the proteins LigA and LigB of Leptospira interrogans serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae serovar Copenhageni strain Fiocruz L1-130. The humoral immune response was evaluated by indirect ELISA. Cytokine expression levels were determined by RT-qPCR. Compared to the control group, the IgG antibody levels of animals immunized with pTARGET/ligAni and pTARGET/ligBrep plasmids associated with xanthan biopolymer were significantly higher than the control group. Additionally, there was a significant increase in IL-17 expression in animals vaccinated with pTARGET/ligBrep and xanthan.
Hyperthyroidism Is Associated with Suppressed Circulating Ghrelin Levels (2003)

Ghrelin stimulates GH secretion as well as appetite and food intake. To explore whether ghrelin is involved in the regulation of appetite and body weight in hyperthyroidism, circulating ghrelin levels were measured in nine hyperthyroid patients before and after medical treatment and compared with those in eight healthy control subjects. All participants were studied in the postabsorptive state and during a 3-h euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp. Before treatment the patients had 3- to 5-fold elevations of T(3), and during treatment the patients gained 5 kg of body weight. Ghrelin levels were decreased in hyperthyroidism both in the fasting state (hyperthyroid, 1080 +/- 195 pg/ml; euthyroid, 1480 +/- 215 pg/ml; P = 0.03) and during clamp (hyperthyroid, 833 +/- 150 pg/ml; euthyroid, 1210 +/- 180 pg/m; P = 0.02). After treatment, ghrelin levels did not differ from those in control subjects. In all three study groups the clamp significantly reduced ghrelin levels compared with fasting levels. In conclusion, ghrelin levels are reduced in hyperthyroidism and become normalized by medical antithyroid treatment. Hyperinsulinemia suppresses ghrelin regardless of thyroid status. Ghrelin is not a primary stimulator of appetite and food intake in hyperthyroidism, and the mechanisms underlying the suppressive effect of hyperthyroidism on ghrelin secretion remain unclear.
A potential fission electric cell for space reactors (1988)

Fission Electric Cells (FEC) able to deliver significant power at high neutron fluxes and to operate without supply were tested in the nuclear reactor of the Central Institute of Physics (CIP) in Bucharest, Romania, at a 3 × 109 neutrons/cm2s thermal neutron flux. The experimental results would make the design of efficient FEC for space reactors feasible.
Reliability analysis of a woven composite Pi-joint structure (2017)

The finite element (FE) method combined with multicontinuum theory (MCT) for analyzing composites was coupled with reliability analysis to develop a probabilistic, progressive failure, multiscale analysis of a three-dimensional braided composite Pi-joint subject to shear loading. The constituent engineering constants, ply strengths, and structural geometric parameters were treated as random variables. Failure was defined in the progressive failure framework as a minimum structure stiffness. NESSUS reliability analysis, HELIUS MCT, and Abaqus® FE analysis software packages were interfaced to create a global framework for performing multiscale reliability analysis of the composite structure. The reliability analysis resulted in the calculation of the probability of failure and sensitivities of the probability of failure to the random variables defined in the model. The model's probability of failure was most sensitive to the geometric parameters defining the thickness of the upright portion of the Pi-joint and the depth of the Pi-joint. The model's response was also sensitive to the compressive strength of the composite.
[Lower urinary tract symptoms and male sexual dysfunction: the multinational survey of the aging.male (MSAM-7)]. (2004)

Sexual activity is common in a majority of men over age 50 and is an important component of overall quality of life. The presence and severity of LUTS are independent risk factors for sexual dysfunction in older men. These results highlight the clinical importance of evaluating LUTS in patients with sexual dysfunction, and the need to consider sexual issues in the management of patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy.
Copper and cadmium biosorption ontoSphaerotilus natans: application and discrimination of commonly used adsorption models (2002)

In this paper, the experimental data of copper and cadmium biosorption onto Sphaerotilus natans obtained under different operating conditions of pH (3÷6 units) and biomass concentration (0.5÷2 g/L) were reported. These experimental data, showing the good separative performances of S. natans and the strong effect of the selected operative factors, were represented by three different empirical models: Langmuir, Freundlich, and Redlich–Peterson isotherms. A statistical representation of the characteristic model parameters (parameter standard deviation and regression coefficient) along with a model discrimination analysis (model residual variance, F-test and residual analysis) were proposed in order to suggest a standardized procedure for treating the biosorption data.
Adaptive Voting Rules for k-Nearest Neighbors Classifiers (1995)

A simple form of cooperation between the k-nearest neighbors (NN) approach to classification and the neural-like property of adaptation is explored. A tunable, high level k-nearest neighbors decision rule is defined that comprehends most previous generalizations of the common majority rule. A learning procedure is developed that applies to this rule and exploits those statistical features that can be induced from the training set. The overall approach is tested on a problem of handwritten character recognition. Experiments show that adaptivity in the decision rule may improve the recognition and rejection capability of standard k-NN classifiers.
Aspirin-free strategies in cardiovascular disease and cardioembolic stroke prevention (2018)

In patients with manifestations of cardiovascular disease, acetylsalicylic acid (popularly known as aspirin) has been the mainstay of treatment for decades owing to its capacity to reduce the risk of ischaemic events. Accordingly, novel antithrombotic therapies have been traditionally tested on a background of acetylsalicylic acid therapy. Although the adjunctive use of such antithrombotic therapies can potentially further reduce the risk of ischaemic events, these agents are also inevitably associated with an increased risk of bleeding. However, acetylsalicylic acid also increases the risk of bleeding, challenging the paradigm that this agent should remain the cornerstone of antiplatelet treatment when alternative antithrombotic agents are also used. Many antithrombotic compounds are characterized by increased potency and consistent efficacy, which might lessen the need for concomitant acetylsalicylic acid. Accordingly, numerous investigations are testing the hypothesis that acetylsalicylic acid-sparing regimens based on newer antithrombotic agents might have an increased net benefit for individual patients owing to the reduction in bleeding risk, without a trade-off in efficacy. This Review summarizes the state of the art relating to antithrombotic approaches with and without acetylsalicylic acid for the prevention of cardiovascular disease and cardioembolic stroke. Discussion of the scientific rationale, from bench to bedside, for ongoing studies of acetylsalicylic acid-free pharmacological strategies is included.
Alveolar and exhaled NO in relation to asthma characteristics - effects of correction for axial diffusion (2014)

Adjusted CalvNO was not associated with any asthma characteristics studied in this large asthma cohort. However, both FeNO and unadjusted CalvNO related to asthma symptoms, lung function and bronchial responsiveness. We suggest a potential overadjustment by current TMAD-corrections, validated in healthy or unobstructed asthmatics. Further studies assessing axial diffusion in asthmatics with different degrees of airway obstruction and the validity of proposed TMAD-corrections are warranted.
Poor humoral and T-cell response to two-dose SARS-CoV-2 messenger RNA vaccine BNT162b2 in cardiothoracic transplant recipients (2021)

The findings of poor immune responses to a two-dose BNT162b2 vaccination in cardiothoracic transplant patients have a significant impact for organ transplant recipients specifically and possibly for immunocompromised patients in general. It urges for a review of future vaccine strategies in these patients.
Composite ferromagnetic photoresist for the fabrication of microelectromechanical systems (2004)

This paper describes a simple method for the microfabrication of mechanically compliant, magnetically-responsive microstructures. These microstructures were fabricated in one step by using a ferromagnetic photoresist, which, in turn, was prepared by suspending nickel nanospheres in a negative photosensitive epoxy (SU8). The nominal diameter of the nickel nanospheres was 80–150 nm, that is, much smaller than the wavelength of the UV light (365 and 405 nm) used to expose the photoresist. Diffraction and scattering of light from the nanospheres allowed for full exposure of the photoresist, even after the incorporation of nanospheres at levels at which it became opaque. The ferromagnetic photoresist was cross-linked after exposure and development, and yielded a stable, compliant, ferromagnetic pattern. The paper characterizes the effect of the weight density of the nickel nanospheres on the transmittance of films made by this technique at wavelengths from 330 nm to 610 nm. It also describes a number of microstructures made with the photoresist: examples include lines, posts and meshes. As a demonstration, the procedure was applied to the microfabrication of a set of magnetically-actuated micromirrors. These micromirrors achieved large deflections: deflection at the tip of a 12 mm long, 250 µm wide and 70 µm thick cantilever of the ferromagnetic photoresist exceeded 1.4 mm, when actuated by a NbFeB permanent magnet with field strength ∼120 mT. The cantilever maintained its mechanical properties after cycling ∼106 times.
On the application of degree theory to the analysis of resistive nonlinear networks (1977)

Abstract This paper presents an application of the theory of the degree of a map to the study of the existence of solutions and some related problems for resistive nonlinear networks. Many well‐known results in this area have been generalized to allow coupling among the nonlinear resistors. The usual hypothesis requiring the nonlinear resistors to be eventually increasing has been weakened considerably by only requiring the resistors to be eventually passive . Instead of investigating special cases by special techniques, we study the network equations from a geometrical point of view. The concept of homotopy of odd fields provides a unified yet simple approach for analyzing a large class of practical nonlinear networks. Many known results belong to this category and are derived as special cases of our generalized theorems. This approach leads to a much better understanding of the geometric structure of the vector fields associated with the network equations. As a result, in so far as the existence of solutions is concerned, the concept of eventual passivity is shown to be far more basic than that of eventual increasingness. The emphasis of the concept of eventual passivity also leads naturally to the inclusion of coupling among the nonlinear resistors. The homotopy of odd fields also provides some useful techniques for locating the solutions. Along this line, we also study the bounding region of solutions and discuss the operating range of nonlinear resistors.
Temporal Coherence Methods in Real‐Time Rendering (2012)

Abstract Nowadays, there is a strong trend towards rendering to higher‐resolution displays and at high frame rates. This development aims at delivering more detail and better accuracy, but it also comes at a significant cost. Although graphics cards continue to evolve with an ever‐increasing amount of computational power, the speed gain is easily counteracted by increasingly complex and sophisticated shading computations. For real‐time applications, the direct consequence is that image resolution and temporal resolution are often the first candidates to bow to the performance constraints (e.g. although full HD is possible, PS3 and XBox often render at lower resolutions). In order to achieve high‐quality rendering at a lower cost, one can exploit temporal coherence (TC). The underlying observation is that a higher resolution and frame rate do not necessarily imply a much higher workload, but a larger amount of redundancy and a higher potential for amortizing rendering over several frames. In this survey, we investigate methods that make use of this principle and provide practical and theoretical advice on how to exploit TC for performance optimization. These methods not only allow incorporating more computationally intensive shading effects into many existing applications, but also offer exciting opportunities for extending high‐end graphics applications to lower‐spec consumer‐level hardware. To this end, we first introduce the notion and main concepts of TC, including an overview of historical methods. We then describe a general approach, image‐space reprojection, with several implementation algorithms that facilitate reusing shading information across adjacent frames. We also discuss data‐reuse quality and performance related to reprojection techniques. Finally, in the second half of this survey, we demonstrate various applications that exploit TC in real‐time rendering.
Phenol-rich fulvic acid as a water additive enhances growth, reduces stress, and stimulates the immune system of fish in aquaculture (2021)

Aquaculture has become imperative to cover the demands for dietary animal protein. Simultaneously, it has to overcome prejudices from excessive use of antibiotics and environmental impacts. Natural supplements are traditionally applied orally. In this study, we demonstrated another pathway: the gills. Humic substances are immunostimulants and a natural part of every aquatic ecosystem, making them ideal to be used as bath stimulants. Five and 50 mg C/L of a fulvic acid-rich humic substance was added for 28 days to the water of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). This fulvic acid is characterized by a high content of phenolic moieties with persistent free radicals and a high electron exchange capacity. The high concentration of the fulvic acid significantly increased growth and reduced the food conversion ratio and the response to a handling-stressor. Phagocytosis and potential killing activity of head kidney leukocytes were increased, as well as the total oxyradical scavenging capacity (TOSC) and lysozyme activity in the gills. In conclusion, immunostimulation via gills is possible with our fulvic acid, and the high phenolic content improved overall health and stress resistance of fish.
Hydrogen-deuterium substitution and solvent effects on the nitrogen-15 nuclear magnetic resonance of gramicidin S: evaluation of secondary structure (1978)

Complete assignments of nitrogen-15 resonances of gramicidin S have been made in dimethyl sulfoxide, trifluoroethanol, and in a solvent mixture of dimethyl sulfoxide (50%) and methanol (50%). The assignments are achieved by utilizing the secondary structure of gramicidin S, by comparing the nitrogen-15 spectrum of gramicidin S with that of di-N-methylphenylalanine-gramicidin S and by taking into account the distinguishable value of nitrogen-15 chemical shift for valine in model compounds. Deuterium substitution for labile peptide protons was performed to delineate solvent shielded and deshielded peptide nitrogens and to substantiate further the signal assignments. The solvent titration on going from dimethyl sulfoxide to trifluoroethanol was also performed and shown to have a large deshielding effect on the peptide nitrogen whose corresponding peptide carbonyl, within the peptide moiety, was accessible to the trifluroethanol solvent.
Protective role of recombinant human erythropoietin in kidney and lung injury following renal bilateral ischemia-reperfusion in rat model. (2013)

EPO protected the kidney against I/R injury; however, it may not protect the lung tissue from the damage induced by renal I/R injury in rats.