gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Kink Effect Phenomenon in I-V Characteristic of Multiple-Gated AlGaAs/InGaAs HEMTs Device (2007)

The electrical measurement to obtain output current characteristic of 0.2 mum AlGaAs / InGaAs HEMTs device has been performed within specific drain and gate bias voltages. The samples which consist a few layouts were designed based on different number of gate fingers to observe the effect towards the output characteristic performance. From the Ids-Vds characteristic, a sudden change in output current magnitude or kink effect is observed when the gate was biased at < 0.5 V. This kink effect condition was common for all layouts with different gate finger. However, the kink was so significant for device with higher gate finger. The phenomenon is due to the impact ionization in the GaAs buffer or substrate layer that allows electron trapped suddenly jump to the channel layer thus affecting the electron density magnitude in the channel. This sudden change in electron density in the channel cause the output current fluctuated and caused the kink phenomenon. The detail explanation of this phenomenon will be further discussed.
Single-Tooth Implant Restorations in Fresh Extraction Sockets of the Maxillary Esthetic Zone: Two-Year Results of a Prospective Cohort Study (2017)

Jeffrey Ganeles, DMD/Frederic J. Norkin, DMD/Samuel Zfaz: In this prospective study, 15 patients received 15 variable-thread tapered implants placed in fresh extraction sites in the maxillary esthetic zone and immediately were provisionalized out of occlusion. Of the 15 patients, 11 completed their 2-year follow-up. At 2 years, the success and cumulative survival rates were both 100%, and the mean bone level gain was 0.83 mm. Soft tissue assessment showed no zero esthetic scores, improved papilla indices, and low bleeding on probing and plaque accumulation. Overall, the study implants showed excellent hard tissue, soft tissue, and esthetic outcomes, indicating a healthy tissue response in single-tooth extraction sites in the maxillary esthetic zone.
QTLViewer: an interactive webtool for genetic analysis in the Collaborative Cross and Diversity Outbred mouse populations (2022)

The Collaborative Cross and the Diversity Outbred mouse populations are related multiparental populations, derived from the same 8 isogenic founder strains. They carry &gt;50 M known genetic variants, which makes them ideal tools for mapping genetic loci that regulate phenotypes, including physiological and molecular traits. Mapping quantitative trait loci requires statistical and computational training, which can present a barrier to access for some researchers. The QTLViewer software allows users to graphically explore Collaborative Cross and Diversity Outbred quantitative trait locus mapping and related analyses performed through the R/qtl2 package. Additionally, the QTLViewer website serves as a repository for published Collaborative Cross and Diversity Outbred studies, increasing the accessibility of these genetic resources to the broader scientific community.
A Novel Function of Human Pumilio Proteins in Cytoplasmic Sensing of Viral Infection (2014)

RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) plays a pivotal role in the detection of invading pathogens to initiate type I interferon (IFN) gene transcription. Since aberrant IFN production is harmful, RLR signaling is strictly regulated. However, the regulatory mechanisms are not fully understood. By expression cloning, we identified Pumilio proteins, PUM1 and PUM2, as candidate positive regulators of RIG-I signaling. Overexpression of Pumilio proteins and their knockdown augmented and diminished IFN-β promoter activity induced by Newcastle disease virus (NDV), respectively. Both proteins showed a specific association with LGP2, but not with RIG-I or MDA5. Furthermore, all of these components were recruited to NDV-induced antiviral stress granules. Interestingly, biochemical analyses revealed that Pumilio increased double-stranded (ds) RNA binding affinity of LGP2; however, Pumilio was absent in the dsRNA-LGP2 complex, suggesting that Pumilio facilitates viral RNA recognition by LGP2 through its chaperon-like function. Collectively, our results demonstrate an unknown function of Pumilio in viral recognition by LGP2.
Discovery of nonpeptide, peptidomimetic peptidase inhibitors that target alternate enzyme active site conformations (2002)

Structure-generating programs provide rational methods to rapidly design novel scaffolds targeting the biologic receptor of choice. Recent research has demonstrated proteins equilibrate between families of conformations (ensembles) for which drug design may target. New methods are currently being developed utilizing structure-generating programs to target alternate enzyme conformations in an attempt to overcome the challenge of developing therapeutically useful molecules. These new methods provide the potential to overcome bioavailability problems encountered with peptide and peptide-like molecules by identifying novel small molecule scaffolds.
Adaptive software cache management for distributed shared memory architectures (1990)

An adaptive cache coherence mechanism exploits semantic information about the expected or observed access behavior of particular data objects. We contend that, in distributed shared memory systems, adaptive cache coherence mechanisms will outperform static cache coherence mechanisms. We have examined the sharing and synchronization behavior of a variety of shared memory parallel programs. We have found that the access patterns of a large percentage of shared data objects fall in a small number of categories for which efficient software coherence mechanisms exist. In addition, we have performed a simulation study that provides two examples of how an adaptive caching mechanism can take advantage of semantic information.
Bonding of an Isolated K atom to a Surface: Experiment and Theory (1997)

We present a new and general technique with which the local properties of the unoccupied states of an adsorbed alkali atom in the low coverage limit can be studied. The method, based on a combination of experimental core level spectroscopy data and calculations, is demonstrated for the K/graphite system. We show that core excitation and decay spectra of adsorbed Ar combined with the calculations form a most powerful tool in order to determine the unoccupied density of states for an isolated K adatom. We find that the $4s$ level of an isolated K atom on graphite is placed 2.7 eV above ${E}_{F}$, with a hybridization width of the order of only 0.1 eV.
Abstract 60: Altering tumor cell metabolism may contribute to the antitumor activity of ethyl pyruvate (2010)

Abstract Pyruvate, a key metabolite in cellular energy metabolism, is the end-product of glycolysis and the starting substrate for the TCA cycle which generates NADH and ATP during oxidative phosphorylation. According to the Warburg hypothesis, increased conversion of glucose to lactic acid associated with decreased mitochondrial respiration is a unique feature of tumors. We have previously shown that ethyl pyruvate (EP), the ethyl ester of pyruvate, significantly inhibits the growth of hepatic tumors. The mechanism of this anti-tumor effect is unclear, and here we hypothesized that EP alters tumor cell metabolism. We analyzed the bioenergetic phenotype of tumor cells by measuring cellular respiration and glycolysis rate using a novel real-time assessment of oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis. METHODS: C57BL/6 mice were injected with 2×105 MC38 colorectal and PANCO2 pancreatic tumor cells via the portal vein. In vitro, 4x104 MC38 and PANCO2 cells/well were seeded into XF24 V7 microplates. Cells were pretreated with/without EP (5-10mM) for 60 minutes before measurement. The XF24 Analyzer (Seahorse Bioscience) was used to measure extracellular flux changes of oxygen consumption rate (OCR, measure of oxidative phosphorylation) and the rate of proton excretion into the media (extracellular acidification rate, ECAR, measure of glycolytic rate). RESULTS: Mice injected with MC38 and PANCO2 cells resulted in the growth of bulky tumors in the liver. EP (80 mg/kg ip) administered 30 minutes prior to infusion of tumor cells and continuing daily for 9 days significantly inhibited tumor growth in a dose-dependent fashion, with 80 mg/kg EP achieving &amp;gt;70% reduction in the number of tumor nodules in comparison to untreated animals. TUNEL staining demonstrated a marked increase in tumor cell apoptosis in EP-treated mice. MC38 and PANCO2 tumor cells had substantially different bioenergetic phenotypes. MC38 cells had lower basal OCR (148 ± 13 vs 434 ± 32 pmoles/min, p&amp;lt; 0.05) and higher basal ECAR than PANCO2 cells (56 ± 6 vs 8 ± 2 mpH/min, respectively, p&amp;lt; 0.05). Use of 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) to block glycolysis significantly enhanced OCR in PANCO2 from 437 ± 50 to 1486 ± 154 pmoles/min but not in MC38, suggesting that MC38 cells are more dependent on glycolysis. EP enhanced mitochondrial cellular respiration (OCR) in MC38 and decreased basal ECAR significantly without observable changes in PANCO2 cells, suggesting a reversal of the Warburg phenomenon. SUMMARY: Altering tumor cell metabolism by increasing mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and decreasing glycolysis may contribute to the antitumor activity of EP. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 60.
Controlling of Vibrations in Micro-Cantilever Beam Using a Layer of Active Electrorheological Fluid Support (2019)

The development of vibration control with smart fluids within flexible structures has been of significant interest in recent times. Although much research has been done on structures with embedded electrorheological fluids (ERF) and magnetorheological fluids (MRF), there has been a little investigation into localizing smart fluids under micro-structures. Research into the damping of micro-structures using ERF is very limited. The research in this article presented a comprehensive study into the controllability of the vibration characteristics of a micro-piezoelectric transducer with ERF support. This structure is made from piezoelectric material with a layer of ERF localized at the tip micro-cantilever beam (MCB). The structural behaviour of the MCB-ERF is alternated by applying an external electric field to activate the ERF. The MCB-ERF was tested under different electric field configurations ranging from 0kV/mm-2kV/mm. The effects of the activation of the ERF were outlined based on the results obtained. The increase in the frequency of MCB as the applied electric field to the ERF increased at 12.4 % experimentally with an electric field of 2kV/mm. The simulation and the analytical results, on the other hand, showed an increase in the frequency of the MCB from 16.2% and 13.46% respectively. The results demonstrated that the stiffness and damping structural characteristics of the MCB are controlled. This confirms the vibration controlling capabilities of MCB-ERF as structural elements.
MIMO doubly-iterative receivers: pre- vs. post-cancellation filtering (2005)

We describe and analyze two receivers for turbo space-time codes. These are doubly-iterative, and include iterations for turbo decoding as well as for spatial-interference canceling. The first receiver has a minimum-mean-square-error filter preceding the canceler, while in the second one the filter follows the canceler. The latter outperforms the former at the price of a modest complexity increase.
Comparing roll-to-roll and laser-assisted hot embossing for micro- and nanofabrication (2018)

We demonstrate the suitability of two cost efficient technologies, namely roll-to-roll hot embossing and laser-assisted hot embossing, to fabricate arrays of structures in the microscale down to the sub-100 nm range. We therefore employ polymers with a relatively moderate glass transition temperature, e.g., cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) and polystyrene (PS). We compare the two replication processes regarding their precision and cost using different 1D and 2D nanostructure gratings and microfluidic channels. All nickel shims used for the replication are fabricated in combination of electron beam or UV lithography and nickel electroforming. The replicated structures are used in different applications. The nanopillar arrays are coated with gold and integrated in the hot embossed microfluidic channels for lab-on-a-chip (LoC) surface-enhanced Raman analysis. We evaluate the as-fabricated 2D nanopillar arrays for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) using solutions of rhodamine 6G as exemplary analytes. The influence of the geometrical parameters like diameter and pitch of the polymer structures as well as the influence of the gold layer thickness are discussed. 1D-gratings will be used as resonators for organic distributed feedback (DFB) lasers. Both elements, the SERS chips and the organic DFB lasers as tunable excitation source can be combined in the future to form one Raman-on-Chip optofluidic platform for sensitive detection of low-concentrated analytes in water.
Determination of Edible Fat Refining by HPLC of Δ 3, 5‐Steradienes (1994)

Abstract Steradienes are formed during fat refining by dehydration of sterols. For their determination a simple cleanup and a specific HPLC method are described. The excess of other lipids is removed by chromatography on a silica gel column using petroleum ether as an eluant. After concentrating, the eluate is separated on a reversed phase column with acetonitrile/tert. butylmethyl ether using UV‐detection at 235 nm. The conditions are so specific, that virtually only peaks of steradienes appear in the last part of the chromatograms. Their areas are summed up and the total content is calculated by using cholestadiene as external standard. The last peak representing stigmastadiene can be calculated separately as well.
Kinematic Analysis of the Underhand Softball Pitch (2008)

Proximal to distal sequencing is a process most readily associated with extension motions such as kicking and overhand throwing. Unfortunately, motions dominated by flexion movements have gone largely ignored in the literature. PURPOSE: The purpose of this research was three-fold: (1) to demonstrate the relatively large velocities and accelerations developed during windmill pitching, (2) to determine if the upper extremity exhibits the criteria of proximal to distal sequencing and (3) to utilize muscle activity to understand the muscular contributions to the windmill pitching motion. METHODS: 5 Collegiate Varsity Softball Pitchers (ht: 1.83 + .065 m, mass: 87.27 + 5.44 kg) were asked to throw 5 pitches at game speed. The motions of the upper extremity and the muscle activity of the triceps and biceps were captured using an integrated Motion Reality Inc. (Marietta, GA) motion capture and Noraxon (Scottsdale, AZ) Electromyography (EMG) system. RESULTS: Velocity and acceleration (linear and angular) followed the expected pattern of a proximal-to-distal sequence where the distal segment's (lower arm) peak velocity is achieved at a point near the proximal segment's (upper arm) minimum velocity with appropriate changes in acceleration. The EMG results revealed an attenuated bicep and increased triceps activation at the time of peak distal segment velocity. CONCLUSIONS: The reversal of accelerations and velocities seen in the results of this study confirmed the existence of a proximal-to-distal sequential motion in the windmill pitch. It also provides evidence that this summation of speed at the elbow occurs through a reversal of accelerations caused by an inertial acceleration of the lower arm rather than an activation of the elbow flexion musculature. These findings in conjunction with velocities and accelerations that rival those seen in overhand pitching, are a vital first step in understanding the injury mechanisms associated with windmill pitching.
Measurement and ab initio Investigation of Structural, Electronic, Optical, and Mechanical Properties of Sputtered Aluminum Nitride Thin Films (2020)

Aluminum Nitrides (AlN) thin films have been deposited ‎on glass substrates using DC-magnetron sputtering technique for different back pressure. The piezoelectric and related properties of highly c-axis oriented AlN films fabricated by dc planar magnetron sputtering have been calculated. Experimental results show that highly c-axis oriented AlN films can be fabricated by dc planar magnetron sputtering. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) technique shows that AlN thin films exhibit a hexagonal structure. Vienna Ab initio Simulation Package (VASP) within the framework of density functional theory (DFT) and generalized gradient approximation (GGA) was used to investigate the structural and electronic properties of hexagonal AlN structures. The experimental lattice parameters of the as prepared thin films are found to be in good agreement with ab-initio calculated parameters. UV–Vis spectrophotometer measurements are performed to investigate the optical properties of AlN thin films. We found that the refractive index of AlN thin films exhibits values ranging between 2.1 and 2.2. Furthermore, the elastic, piezoelectric and dielectric tensors of AlN crystal are calculated using VASP. The dynamical Born effective charge tensor is reported for all atoms in the unit cell of AlN. The value of the principle component of electronic contribution to the static dielectric tensor of AlN is found to be ≈ 4.68 that is in good agreement with the experimental static dielectric constant. In addition, clamped-ion piezoelectric tensor is calculated. The diagonal components of the piezoelectric tensor are found to be e_33=1.784 C/m^2 and e_31=-0.8 C/m^2. The large values of the piezoelectric coefficients show that polar AlN crystal exhibits a strong microwave piezoelectric effect. Furthermore, the components of the elastic moduli tensor are calculated. The extraordinary electronic, optical, piezoelectric and elastic properties make AlN thin films potential candidates for several opto-electronic, elastic, dielectric and piezoelectric applications.
Identification of a new restriction endonuclease, R.NgoBI, fromNeisseria gonorrhoeae (1988)

Journal Article Identification of a new restriction endonuclease, R. Ngo BI, from Neisseria gonorrhoeae Get access Andrzej Piekarowicz, Andrzej Piekarowicz 1Medical Biotechnology Center, University of MarylandBaltimore, MD2Department of Microbiology, University of MarylandCollege Park, MD 20742, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Robert Yuan, Robert Yuan 2Department of Microbiology, University of MarylandCollege Park, MD 20742, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Daniel C. Stein Daniel C. Stein * 2Department of Microbiology, University of MarylandCollege Park, MD 20742, USA * To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 16, Issue 20, 25 October 1988, Page 9868, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/16.20.9868 Published: 25 October 1988 Article history Received: 26 August 1988 Published: 25 October 1988
Tuberous Sclerosis: from Tubers to mTOR (2003)

Tuberous sclerosis (TSC) is an autosomal dominant hamartoma syndrome whose causative genes (TSC1 and TSC2) were identified 5 and 9 years ago respectively. Their encoded proteins are large, and apart from a strong binding interaction with each other, relatively little was known about their biochemical function. Recent studies in Drosophila have pinpointed a critical function for the DrosophilaTSC1/TSC2 homologues in the regulation of cell size. Epistasis experiments and a variety of biochemical studies that followed have indicated a critical function for these proteins in the highly conserved PI-3-kinase-Akt-mTOR signalling pathway.
Postural Dependent Activity Changes of Urinary LDH as a Diagnostic Aid in Nephroptosis (1971)

Measurements of urinary lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in 20 patients with clinically significant unilateral nephroptosis demonstrated a posture-dependent change. While these patients were supine – over night – the urinary LDH activity was normal. On assuming an erect posture, the LDH activity rose to abnormal level. Such ‘swinging’ changes in urinary LDH activity could not be detected in normal people and in patients having undergone nephropexy 1 year following the intervention. The LDH activity obtained by unilateral catheterization was shown to be higher on the affected side than on the normal.
Return of the Devil in the Details: Delving Deep into Convolutional Nets (2014)

The latest generation of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) have achieved impressive results in challenging benchmarks on image recognition and object detection, significantly raising the interest of the community in these methods. Nevertheless, it is still unclear how different CNN methods compare with each other and with previous state-of-the-art shallow representations such as the Bag-of-Visual-Words and the Improved Fisher Vector. This paper conducts a rigorous evaluation of these new techniques, exploring different deep architectures and comparing them on a common ground, identifying and disclosing important implementation details. We identify several useful properties of CNN-based representations, including the fact that the dimensionality of the CNN output layer can be reduced significantly without having an adverse effect on performance. We also identify aspects of deep and shallow methods that can be successfully shared. In particular, we show that the data augmentation techniques commonly applied to CNN-based methods can also be applied to shallow methods, and result in an analogous performance boost. Source code and models to reproduce the experiments in the paper is made publicly available.
Effects of α2‐adrenoceptor agonists and of related compounds on aggregation of, and on adenylate cyclase activity in, human platelets (1984)

A range of 2-(,5-dihydroimidazolyl)-benzene, -quinoline, and -quinoxaline derivatives and 2-morpholino-4-catechol have been characterized as agonists or partial agonists for human platelet aggregation; and for inhibition of adenylate cyclase by measurement of their effect on platelet [cyclic-3',5'-AMP]. Antagonist activity for these compounds versus adrenaline as agonist has also been assessed for these two responses. The compounds can be divided into 4 groups. Group I contains compounds that are agonists for both responses; group II, compounds that are agonists for inhibition of adenylate cyclase but antagonists for the aggregatory response; group III, compounds that are agonists for the aggregatory response but are antagonists for inhibition of adenylate cyclase by adrenaline; and group IV, compounds that are antagonists for both responses. In group I the EC50 values for induction of aggregation are not significantly different from the EC50 values for inhibition of adenylate cyclase except for 2-morpholino-4-catechol which is significantly more potent as an inhibitor of adenylate cyclase. In group IV a linear correlation is observed between the K1 values for the two responses for 8 compounds but 2 other compounds do not conform to this correlation. The data are not consistent with a model in which a single chi 2-adrenoceptor mediates both the aggregatory response and inhibition of adenylate cyclase and hence support a model in which unique chi 2-adrenoceptors mediate these two responses.