gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reconstitution of an N-AChR from Brugia malayi (2022)

Abstract Neurotransmission is an important target for anthelmintic drugs, where receptor characteristics and response can be examined through reconstitution ex vivo in Xenopus laevis oocytes. The homomeric ACR-16 nicotine sensitive acetylcholine receptors (N-AChRs) of several helminth species have been characterized in this way. Our efforts to reconstitute the N-AChR from the clade III filarial parasite, Brugia malayi using similar conditions, initially produced no detectable response. A robust response to acetylcholine is obtained from the closely related clade III parasite Ascaris suum , suggesting that specific changes have occurred between Ascaris and Brugia . N-AChRs from three species intermediate between A. suum and B. malayi were characterized to provide information on the cause. Maximal current to acetylcholine did not change abruptly, consistent with a discrete event, but rather decreased progressively from A. suum through Dracunculus medinensis , Gonglylonema pulchrum and Thelazia callipaeda. Receptor responses to the characteristic nicotine, and other agonists were generally similar. The decrease in maximal current did correlate with a delayed time to maximal response. Together, this suggested that the failure to reconstitute the B. malayi N-AChR was one extreme of a progressive decrease and that synthesis of the receptor in oocytes was responsible. Addition of accessory proteins EMC-6, NRA-2 and NRA-4, in addition to RIC-3, produced a small, but measurable B. malayi N-AChR response. Pharmacological properties of a chimeric B. malayi N-AChR were equivalent to the other species, confirming the receptor response remains unchanged while its production is increasingly dependent on accessory proteins. One possibility is that loss of many subunits for acetylcholine receptors from the filarial nematode genome is linked to such a dependence. This novel phylogenetic approach allowed the first characterization of a B. malayi AChR ex vivo and in doing so, provides a framework for the successful characterization of other receptors that have yet to be reconstituted.
Sustained-Release Phenylpropanolamine Hydrochloride Bilayer Caplets Containing the Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose 2208 Matrix. I. Formulation and Dissolution Characteristics. (2000)

The purpose of this study was to develop a new sustained-release phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride (PPA) bilayer caplets that consists of an immediate-release portion and a prolonged-release portion containing a hydroxypropylmethylcellulose 2208 (HPMC2208) matrix. Since PPA is a highly water-soluble drug, incorporation of 60% HPMC2208 level in the matrix was required for giving the product a PPA-slow releasing property. Difference in the viscosity grade of HPMC2208 in the matrices did not greatly influence the PPA dissolution characteristics from the matrices. Therefore, we formulated the prolonged-release portion consisting of 10% PPA, 30% excipients, and 60% HPMC2208 (Metolose 90SH4000) into the sustained-release PPA bilayer caplets. The PPA dissolution characteristics from the formulated bilayer caplets showed the prolonged dissolution profile after rapid dissolution and was close to the targeted profile calculated from PPA pharmacokinetics study. The manufacturing methods of the prolonged-release portion and the filling order of the prolonged-release portion in bilayer compression did not significantly affect the PPA dissolution characteristics from the bilayer caplets. The PPA dissolution characteristics from the bilayer caplets was pH independent. Moreover, the PPA dissolution characteristics from the bilayer caplets was not affected by mechanical shear. The sustained-release PPA bilayer caplets is expected to present constant prolonged-release of PPA after rapid dissolution in vivo without dissolution change due to pH and mechanical shear.
Effect of Dietary n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Brain Lipid Fatty Acid Composition, Learning Ability, and Memory of Senescence-Accelerated Mouse (2008)

Animal studies have shown that a deficiency in brain of the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is associated with memory loss and diminished cognitive function. The senescence-accelerated prone 8 (SAMP8) mouse develops impairments in learning and memory at 8-12 months of age. The effect of diet supplemented with n-3 PUFA on brain phospholipid DHA status, learning, and memory ability in aged SAMP8 mice was investigated. At the age of 10 months, SAMP8 mice were fed either a low-DHA or a high-DHA diet for 8 weeks. In comparison to SAMP8 mice fed the low-DHA diet, those fed a high-DHA diet had improved acquisition and retention in a T-maze foot shock avoidance test and a higher proportion of DHA in hippocampal and amygdala phospholipids. This study demonstrates that, in mature animals, DHA is incorporated into brain phospholipids and that dietary n-3 PUFA is associated with delay in cognitive decline.
Estudo da Associação de Polimorfismos Genéticos Funcionais (Tgf-Beta1, Ifn-Gama, Il-6, Il-10 E Tnf-Alfa) com a Persistência Viral e Resposta Terapêutica em Pacientes (2009)

Introdução: As citocinas possuem um papel fundamental na regulação da resposta imunológica. Na infecção causada pelo vírus da hepatite C (VHC), os níveis de produção das citocinas podem interferir na progressão da doença, persistência viral e resposta terapêutica. Os genes de citocinas são polimórficos em sítios específicos, e determinados polimorfismos localizados em regiões codificadoras/regulatórias podem alterar a expressão e a secreção das citocinas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a freqüência de alelos polimórficos nos genes do TNF-alfa, TGF-beta1, IL-10, IL-6, e IFN-gama em pacientes portadores da infecção crônica causada pelo vírus da hepatite C e em pacientes acompanhados segundo o desfecho da resposta à terapia antiviral.
Dual Modes of Endoplasmic Reticulum-to-Golgi Transport in Dendrites Revealed by Live-Cell Imaging (2003)

Organelles of the neuronal secretory pathway are critical for the addition of membrane that accompanies neuronal development, as well as for the proper localization of plasma membrane proteins necessary for polarity, synaptic transmission, and plasticity. Here, we demonstrate that two organizations of the secretory pathway exist in neurons: one requiring processing of membrane and lipids in the Golgi complex of the cell body and one in which endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-to-Golgi trafficking is localized to dendrites. Using time-lapse imaging of green fluorescent protein-tagged cargo proteins and compartment markers, we show that organelles of the secretory pathway, including ER, ER exit sites, and Golgi, are present and engage in trafficking in neuronal dendrites. We find that ER-to-Golgi trafficking involves highly mobile vesicular carriers that traffic in both the anterograde and retrograde directions throughout the dendritic arbor. Dendritic Golgi outposts, which appear developmentally during the phase of process outgrowth, are involved in the trafficking of both integral membrane proteins and the secreted neuronal growth factor BDNF. This distributed dendritic Golgi represents an organization of the secretory pathway unique among mammalian cells.
ChemInform Abstract: A Stereoselective Formal Total Synthesis of (+)‐Hyperaspine via a Tandem Aza‐Michael Reaction. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A novel mouse model for ataxia-telangiectasia with a N-terminal mutation displays a behavioral defect and a low incidence of lymphoma but no increased oxidative burden (2015)

Ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) is a rare multi-system disorder caused by mutations in the ATM gene. Significant heterogeneity exists in the underlying genetic mutations and clinical phenotypes. A number of mouse models have been generated that harbor mutations in the distal region of the gene, and a recent study suggests the presence of residual ATM protein in the brain of one such model. These mice recapitulate many of the characteristics of A-T seen in humans, with the notable exception of neurodegeneration. In order to study how an N-terminal mutation affects the disease phenotype, we generated an inducible Atm mutant mouse model (Atm(tm1Mmpl/tm1Mmpl), referred to as A-T [M]) predicted to express only the first 62 amino acids of Atm. Cells derived from A-T [M] mutant mice exhibited reduced cellular proliferation and an altered DNA damage response, but surprisingly, showed no evidence of an oxidative imbalance. Examination of the A-T [M] animals revealed an altered immunophenotype consistent with A-T. In contrast to mice harboring C-terminal Atm mutations that disproportionately develop thymic lymphomas, A-T [M] mice developed lymphoma at a similar rate as human A-T patients. Morphological analyses of A-T [M] cerebella revealed no substantial cellular defects, similar to other models of A-T, although mice display behavioral defects consistent with cerebellar dysfunction. Overall, these results suggest that loss of Atm is not necessarily associated with an oxidized phenotype as has been previously proposed and that loss of ATM protein is not sufficient to induce cerebellar degeneration in mice.
Inherited disorders of human Toll‐like receptor signaling: immunological implications (2005)

In vitro nine of 10 known human Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are engaged by well-defined chemical agonists that mimic microbial compounds, raising the possibility that human TLRs play a critical role in protective immunity in vivo. We thus review here the recently described human primary immunodeficiencies caused by germline mutations in genes encoding molecules involved in cell signaling downstream from TLRs. Subjects with anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia with immunodeficiency (EDA-ID) carry either X-linked recessive hypomorphic mutations in NEMO or autosomal dominant hypermorphic mutations in IKBA. Their cells show a broad defect in nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation, with an impaired, but not abolished response to a large variety of stimuli including TLR agonists. EDA-ID patients show developmental anomalies of skin appendages and a broad spectrum of infectious diseases. Patients with autosomal recessive amorphic mutations in IRAK4 present a purely immunological syndrome and more restricted defects, with specific impairment of the Toll and interleukin-1 receptor (TIR)-interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK) signaling pathway. In these subjects, the NF-kappaB- and mitogen-activated protein kinase-mediated induction of inflammatory cytokines in response to TIR agonists is impaired. The patients present a narrow range of pyogenic bacterial infections that become increasingly rare with age. Altogether, these data suggest that human TLRs play a critical role in host defense. However, they do not provide compelling evidence, as even the infectious phenotype of patients with mutations in IRAK4 may result from impaired signaling via receptors other than TLRs. Paradoxically, these experiments of nature raise the possibility that the entire set of human TLRs is largely redundant in protective immunity in vivo.
Cerebrometabolic Aspects of Delirium in Relationship to Dementia (1999)

Delirium is associated with decreased cerebral metabolism and with cholinergic deficiency. These deficits also occur in Alzheimer's disease, the most common form of dementia. The clinical, metabolic, and pharmacological similarities between delirium and dementia agree with the suggestion that delirium and dementia can both be thought of as forms of 'cerebral insufficiency'.
Wireless Multicast: Theory and Approaches (2005)

We design transmission strategies for medium access control (MAC) layer multicast that maximize the utilization of available bandwidth. Bandwidth efficiency of wireless multicast can be improved substantially by exploiting the feature that a single transmission can be intercepted by several receivers at the MAC layer. The multicast nature of transmissions, however, changes the fundamental relations between the quality of service (QoS) parameters, throughput, stability, and loss, e.g., a strategy that maximizes the throughput does not necessarily maximize the stability region or minimize the packet loss. We explore the tradeoffs among the QoS parameters, and provide optimal transmission strategies that maximize the throughput subject to stability and loss constraints. The numerical performance evaluations demonstrate that the optimal strategies significantly outperform the existing approaches.
Learning-Based Vehicle Detection Using Up-Scaling Schemes and Predictive Frame Pipeline Structures (2010)

This paper aims at detecting preceding vehicles in a variety of distance. A sub-region up-scaling scheme significantly raises far distance detection capability. Three frame pipeline structures involving object predictors are explored to further enhance accuracy and efficiency. It claims a 140-meter detecting distance along proposed methodology. 97.1% detection rate with 4.2% false alarm rate is achieved. At last, the benchmark of several learning-based vehicle detection approaches is provided.
Review of automated insulin delivery systems for individuals with type 1 diabetes: tailored solutions for subpopulations (2021)

Automated insulin delivery (AID) systems have proven safe and effective in improving glycemic outcomes in individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Clinical evaluation of this technology has progressed to large randomized, controlled outpatient studies and recent commercial approval of AID systems for children and adults. However, several challenges remain in improving these systems for different subpopulations (e.g., young children, athletes, pregnant women, seniors and those with hypoglycemia unawareness). In this review, we highlight the requirements and challenges in AID design for selected subpopulations, and discuss current advances from recent clinical studies.
An Efficient Statistical-based Gradient Compression Technique for Distributed Training Systems (2021)

The recent many-fold increase in the size of deep neural networks makes efficient distributed training challenging. Many proposals exploit the compressibility of the gradients and propose lossy compression techniques to speed up the communication stage of distributed training. Nevertheless, compression comes at the cost of reduced model quality and extra computation overhead. In this work, we design an efficient compressor with minimal overhead. Noting the sparsity of the gradients, we propose to model the gradients as random variables distributed according to some sparsity-inducing distributions (SIDs). We empirically validate our assumption by studying the statistical characteristics of the evolution of gradient vectors over the training process. We then propose Sparsity-Inducing Distribution-based Compression (SIDCo), a threshold-based sparsification scheme that enjoys similar threshold estimation quality to deep gradient compression (DGC) while being faster by imposing lower compression overhead. Our extensive evaluation of popular machine learning benchmarks involving both recurrent neural network (RNN) and convolution neural network (CNN) models shows that SIDCo speeds up training by up to ~41.7X, 7.6X, and 1.9X compared to the no-compression baseline, Topk, and DGC compressors, respectively.
Upheaval Dome, Utah, USA: Impact origin confirmed (2008)

Upheaval Dome is a unique circular structure on the Colorado Plateau in SE Utah, the origin of which has been controversially discussed for decades. It has been interpreted as a crypto volcanic feature, a salt diapir, a pinched-off salt diapir, and an eroded impact crater. While recent structural mapping, modeling, and analyses of deformation mechanisms strongly support an impact origin, ultimate proof, namely the documentation of unambiguous shock features, has yet to be successfully provided. In this study, we document, for the first time, shocked quartz grains from this crater in sandstones of the Jurassic Kayenta Formation. The investigated grains contain multiple sets of decorated planar deformation features. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) reveals that the amorphous lamellae are annealed and exhibit dense tangles of dislocations as well as trails of fluid inclusions. The shocked quartz grains were found in the periphery of the central uplift in the northeastern sector of the crater, which most likely represents the cross range crater sector.
How To Apply the Complementarity and Coupling Theorems in MCR Methods: Practical Implementation and Application to the Rhodium-Catalyzed Hydroformylation (2014)

Multivariate curve resolution techniques can be used in order to extract from spectroscopic data of chemical mixtures the contributions from the pure components, namely, their concentration profiles and their spectra. The curve resolution problem is by nature a matrix factorization problem, which suffers from the difficulty that the pure component factors are not unique. In chemometrics the so-called rotational ambiguity paraphrases the existence of numerous, feasible solutions. However, most of these solutions are not chemically meaningful. The rotational ambiguity can be reduced by adding additional information on the pure factors such as known pure component spectra or measured concentration profiles of the components. The complementarity and coupling theory (as developed in J. Chemometrics 2013 27, 106–116) provides a theoretical basis for exploiting such adscititious information in order to reduce the ambiguity. In this work the practical application of the complementarity and coupling theory is explained, a user-friendly MATLAB implementation is presented, and the techniques are applied to spectral data from the rhodium-catalyzed hydroformylation process.
EXPERIMENTAL ISOVALTHINURIA. III. INDUCTION BY BILE ACIDS, AND HYPOCHOLESTEROLEMIC AGENTS. (1963)

Some bile acids (dehydrocholic, cholic, chenodeoxycholic, ursodeoxycholic, and deoxycholic acids), and some hypocholesterolemic agents (22, 25 diazacholestanol, 20,25-diazacholesterol, triparanol, and SKF 525-A) are the inducers of isovalthinuria in guinea pig. Administration of methionine appears to increase the pool of sulfur compound which participates in the formation of isovalthine. Cholesterol appears to have no enhancing effect on the induction activity of isovalthinuria inducers. The mechanism of isovalthine formation and the role of sulfur amino acids in lowering blood cholesterol are discussed.
Importance of 6-0-Sulfate Groups of Glucosamine Residues in Heparin for Activation of FGF-1 and FGF-2 (1995)

Complete drying of heparin with various concentrations of NaOH by lyophilization caused specific 2-O-desulfation to various degrees without detectable depolymerization or other chemical changes. In order to assess the importance of 2-O-sulfate groups in uronate residues to promote FGF-1 and FGF-2 activities, various 2-O-desulfated (2-O-DS-) heparins were quantitatively examined for their effects on FGF-1 and FGF-2-induced proliferation of BALB/c3T3 clone A31 (A31) cells and the chlorate-treated cells. Twenty-seven percent or less loss to the 2-O-sulfate groups had no effect on the ability to activate both FGF-1 and FGF-2, while 44% loss resulted in a significant loss of the ability. Complete loss of the ability was observed in 2-O-DS-heparins with 75% or more 2-O-desulfation. These results suggest that a high content of 2-O-sulfate groups in uronate residues of heparin is required for activation of both FGF-1 and FGF-2.
Evaluation of the robustness of cerebral oximetry to variations in skin pigmentation using a tissue-simulating phantom (2022)

Clinical studies have demonstrated that epidermal pigmentation level can affect cerebral oximetry measurements. To evaluate the robustness of these devices, we have developed a phantom-based test method that includes an epidermis-simulating layer with several melanin concentrations and a 3D-printed cerebrovascular module. Measurements were performed with neonatal, pediatric and adult sensors from two commercial oximeters, where neonatal probes had shorter source-detector separation distances. Referenced blood oxygenation levels ranged from 30 to 90%. Cerebral oximeter outputs exhibited a consistent decrease in saturation level with simulated melanin content; this effect was greatest at low saturation levels, producing a change of up to 15%. Dependence on pigmentation was strongest in a neonatal sensor, possibly due to its high reflectivity. Overall, our findings indicate that a modular channel-array phantom approach can provide a practical tool for assessing the impact of skin pigmentation on cerebral oximeter performance and that modifications to algorithms and/or instrumentation may be needed to mitigate pigmentation bias.
Artificial Modulation of the Gating Behavior of a K+ Channel in a KvAP-DNA Chimera (2011)

We present experiments where the gating behavior of a voltage-gated ion channel is modulated by artificial ligand binding. We construct a channel-DNA chimera with the KvAP potassium channel reconstituted in an artificial membrane. The channel is functional and the single channel ion conductivity unperturbed by the presence of the DNA. However, the channel opening probability vs. bias voltage, i.e., the gating, can be shifted considerably by the electrostatic force between the charges on the DNA and the voltage sensing domain of the protein. Different hybridization states of the chimera DNA thus lead to different response curves of the channel.
A randomized controlled trial evaluating the effects of online rehabilitative intervention for adult hearing-aid users (2014)

This study provides further evidence that the internet can be used to deliver intervention of rehabilitation to hearing-aid users.
Catalytic performance of Pt/AlPO4catalysts for selective hydrogenolysis of glycerol to 1,3-propanediol in the vapour phase (2014)

Glycerol hydrogenolysis to 1,3-propanediol over Pt/AlPO<sub>4</sub>catalysts.
Anti-inflammatory activity of a Carica papaya leaf extract used to prevent occasional gingivitis (2016)

Gencix® made from a Carica papaya (pawpaw) aqueous leaf extract mixed with micronized pumice stone, is a toothpaste proposed to protect gums and prevent occasional gingivitis. In order to understand the role of the natural products (NPs) from C. papaya leaves responsible for the positive effects observed by dentists using this product during their clinical practice, we focused in this work on their anti-inflammatory potential [1,2].
Московский госуниверситет им. М. В. Ломоносова (2008)

Uranium sorption from water phase by calcium nanohydroxyapatite has been studied in a wide range of uranium concentrations and at different values of pH. It has been shown that calcium nanohydroxyapatite is an effective sorbent for uranyl ion and can be applied as a component of anti-migration barriers at nuclear waste disposal sites.
Elementos de origen grecolatino en la terminología médica (I): Cultismos clásicos y cultismos modernos (2001)

Este articulo consta de VI partes. Pertenece a la seccion diaria del CVC (Centro Virtual Cervantes).