gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthetic Data and Artificial Neural Networks for Natural Scene Text Recognition (2014)

In this work we present a framework for the recognition of natural scene text. Our framework does not require any human-labelled data, and performs word recognition on the whole image holistically, departing from the character based recognition systems of the past. The deep neural network models at the centre of this framework are trained solely on data produced by a synthetic text generation engine -- synthetic data that is highly realistic and sufficient to replace real data, giving us infinite amounts of training data. This excess of data exposes new possibilities for word recognition models, and here we consider three models, each one "reading" words in a different way: via 90k-way dictionary encoding, character sequence encoding, and bag-of-N-grams encoding. In the scenarios of language based and completely unconstrained text recognition we greatly improve upon state-of-the-art performance on standard datasets, using our fast, simple machinery and requiring zero data-acquisition costs.
Polymicrobial Nature of Tick-Borne Diseases (2019)

Tick-borne diseases have doubled in the last 12 years, and their geographic distribution has spread as well. The clinical spectrum of tick-borne diseases can range from asymptomatic to fatal infections, with a disproportionate incidence in children and the elderly. In the last few years, new agents have been discovered, and genetic changes have helped in the spread of pathogens and ticks. Polymicrobial infections, mostly in <i>Ixodes scapularis</i>, can complicate diagnostics and augment disease severity. <i>Amblyomma americanum</i> ticks have expanded their range, resulting in a dynamic and complex situation, possibly fueled by climate change. To document these changes, using molecular biology strategies for pathogen detection, an assessment of 12 microbes (9 pathogens and 3 symbionts) in three species of ticks was done in Suffolk County, New York. At least one agent was detected in 63% of <i>I. scapularis ticks</i><i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> was the most prevalent pathogen (57% in adults; 27% in nymphs), followed by <i>Babesia microti</i> (14% in adults; 15% in nymphs), <i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</i> (14% in adults; 2% in nymphs), <i>Borrelia miyamotoi</i> (3% in adults), and Powassan virus (2% in adults). Polymicrobial infections were detected in 22% of <i>I. scapularis</i> ticks, with coinfections of <i>B. burgdorferi</i> and <i>B. microti</i> (9%) and of <i>B. burgdorferi</i> and <i>A. phagocytophilum</i> (7%). Three <i>Ehrlichia</i> species were detected in 4% of <i>A. americanum</i> ticks. The rickettsiae constituted the largest prokaryotic biomass of all the ticks tested and included <i>Rickettsia amblyommatis</i>, <i>Rickettsia buchneri</i>, and <i>Rickettsia montanensis</i> The high rates of polymicrobial infection in ticks present an opportunity to study the biological interrelationships of pathogens and their vectors.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Tick-borne diseases have increased in prevalence in the United States and abroad. The reasons for these increases are multifactorial, but climate change is likely to be a major factor. One of the main features of the increase is the geographic expansion of tick vectors, notably <i>Amblyomma americanum</i>, which has brought new pathogens to new areas. The clinical spectrum of tick-borne diseases can range from asymptomatic to fatal infections, with a disproportionate incidence in children and the elderly. In addition, new pathogens that are cotransmitted by <i>Ixodes scapularis</i> have been discovered and have led to difficult diagnoses and to disease severity. Of these, <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i>, the agent of Lyme disease, continues to be the most frequently transmitted pathogen. However, <i>Babesia microti</i>, <i>Borrelia miyamotoi</i> (another spirochete), <i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</i>, and Powassan virus are frequent cotransmitted agents. Polymicrobial infection has important consequences for the diagnosis and management of tick-borne diseases.
ELL2, a new member of an ELL family of RNA polymerase II elongation factors (1997)

We recently isolated an RNA polymerase II elongation factor from rat liver nuclei and found it to be homologous to the product of the human ELL gene, a frequent target for translocations in acute myeloid leukemia. To further our understanding of the possible role(s) of ELL in transcriptional regulation and human disease, we initiated a search for ELL-related proteins. In this report we describe molecular cloning, expression, and characterization of human ELL2, a novel RNA polymerase II elongation factor 49% identical and 66% similar to ELL. Mechanistic studies indicate that ELL2 and ELL possess similar transcriptional activities. Structure-function studies localize the ELL2 elongation activation domain to an ELL2 N-terminal region that is highly homologous to ELL. Finally, Northern blot analysis reveals that the ELL2 and ELL genes are transcribed in many of the same tissues, but that the ratio of their transcripts exhibits tissue-to-tissue variation, raising the possibility that ELL2 and ELL may not perform completely general functions, but, instead, may perform gene- or tissue-specific functions.
Hybrid Four-wire Three-Level Inverter Equipped with Model Predictive Control for UPS Applications (2020)

In this paper, a new hybrid four-wire three-level three-phase converter (HFTLTPC) for uninterruptible power supply (UPS) applications is presented to feed unbalanced and nonlinear loads. The proposed HFTLTPC shows the same functionalities with less semiconductors compared to other three level converters. The HFTLTPC with having enough active switching vectors is able to precisely track the reference; however, the selection of the best switching vector in terms of reference tracking is a challenging issue. This paper proposes a finite set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) for the HFTLTPC, which control the inverter with higher bandwidth as well as minimum switching frequency. Control hardware in the loop (CHiL) results verify the proposed model and control structure performance.
Regional spread of contact lens-related Acanthamoeba keratitis in Italy. (2018)

Acanthamoeba ocular infections, known as Acanthamoeba keratitis, are an emerging problem among contact lens wearers. Infections mediated by Acanthamoeba are uncommon, but they can be underestimated due to poor awareness and delayed diagnosis. The routine use of rapid and cost-effective molecular methods like Real Time PCR for the diagnosis of this important pathogen could improve diagnosis and therapy outcome. This report describes the detection by Real Time PCR assay of six T4 and one T3 Acanthamoeba infections, as the first reported cases in Tuscany, Italy.
Assessment of tuberculosis disease activity in people infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and living with HIV: A longitudinal cohort study (2022)

This work was supported by the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief via a cooperative agreement between the Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., and the U.S. Department of Defense [W81XWH-11-2-0174, W81XWH-18-2-0040] and by the Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BmBF) through funding of the Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF, TTU-TB personalized medicine TTU 02_813).
Ordering and phase separation of the BCC phase in the Fe-Cu-Al system (1998)

Phase equilibria at 1073 K. 1173 K, and 1273 K in the Fe-Cu portion of the Fe-Cu-Al system were determined by a diffusion couple technique, metallography, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It is shown that there is a miscibility gap of the bcc phase which is divided into A2+ A2. A2+ B2 and B2 +B2 two-phase regions. Based on the experimental data of phase equilibria of the present as well as of previous studies, a thermodynamic assessment of phase equilibria was made, in which the order-disorder transition of the bcc phase is taken into account. The thermodynamic parameters of fcc, bcc, and liquid phases were evaluated to describe the Gibbs energy of each phase leading to a better fit between calculations and experimental findings above 1073 K.
The Velvet Family of Fungal Regulators Contains a DNA-Binding Domain Structurally Similar to NF-κB (2013)

Morphological development of fungi and their combined production of secondary metabolites are both acting in defence and protection. These processes are mainly coordinated by velvet regulators, which contain a yet functionally and structurally uncharacterized velvet domain. Here we demonstrate that the velvet domain of VosA is a novel DNA-binding motif that specifically recognizes an 11-nucleotide consensus sequence consisting of two motifs in the promoters of key developmental regulatory genes. The crystal structure analysis of the VosA velvet domain revealed an unforeseen structural similarity with the Rel homology domain (RHD) of the mammalian transcription factor NF-κB. Based on this structural similarity several conserved amino acid residues present in all velvet domains have been identified and shown to be essential for the DNA binding ability of VosA. The velvet domain is also involved in dimer formation as seen in the solved crystal structures of the VosA homodimer and the VosA-VelB heterodimer. These findings suggest that defence mechanisms of both fungi and animals might be governed by structurally related DNA-binding transcription factors.
Immunohistochemical Detection of hTERT Protein in Soft Tissue Sarcomas (2006)

Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) is a telomerase catalytic subunit that regulates telomerase activity. Telomerase is expressed in many human cancers and cell lines and is thought to contribute to their immortality. Little is known about the expression of telomerase in non-epithelial tumors. The objective of this study was to evaluate hTERT expression in a wide range of soft tissue sarcomas. A total of 154 cases of different types of soft tissue sarcoma (54 low-grade, 40 intermediate-grade, and 60 high-grade cases) were evaluated for hTERT expression using immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays. hTERT immunoexpression was detected in 59% of cases; it was observed in 46%, 58%, and 72% of low-grade, intermediate-grade, and high-grade sarcoma cases, respectively. The intensity of staining positively correlated with the grade of the sarcomas: diffuse strong positive nuclear staining was identified in 6, 8, and 30 cases of low-grade, intermediate-grade, and high-grade sarcomas, respectively. These results suggest that telomerase expression is more often detected in highly malignant tumors than in low-grade sarcomas and thus may be a critical mechanism in tumor progression.
Short period polar and nonpolar m InN/n GaN superlattices (2014)

Abstract The electronic structures of nonpolar short‐period InN/GaN superlattices grown in the wurtzite a ‐direction, have been calculated and compared to earlier calculations for polar superlattices (grown in the c‐direction). For the nonpolar superlattices it is found that the calculated band gaps and their pressure coefficients are quite similar to those of bulk InGaN alloys with an equivalent In/Ga composition ratio. Also, they are much closer than the values calculated for polar superlattices to the photolu‐minescence emission energies and their pressure coefficients measured on polar structures. Possible explanations of the observed phenomena are suggested and discussed. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Self-organized authentication architecture for Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (2008)

This work proposes a new architecture, called Global Authentication Scheme for Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (GASMAN), for fully distributed and self-organized authentication. In this paper apart from describing all the GASMAN components, special emphasis is placed on proving that it fulfils every requirement of a secure distributed authentication scheme, including limited physical protection of broadcast medium, frequent route changes caused by mobility, lack of structured hierarchy, etc. Furthermore, an extensive analysis through simulation experiments in different scenarios is described and discussed.
Corrigendum: The Effect of Hydrostatic Pressure on Enrichments of Hydrocarbon Degrading Microbes From the Gulf of Mexico Following the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill (2018)

Missing FundingIn the original article, we neglected to acknowledge the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative (231612-00), the Prince Albert II Foundation (Project 1265) and the National Science Foundation (1536776) for supporting DHB . The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way.Author Name Misspelled in ReferenceIn the original article, the name of one of the authors was incorrectly spelled in the reference for “ Bauer, S. L. M., Roalkvam, I., Steen, I. H., and Dahle, H. (2016). Lutibacter profundi sp. nov., isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal system on the Arctic Mid-Ocean Ridge and emended description of the genus Lutibacter. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 66, 2671–2677. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.001105” as “Bauer, S. L. M.”. It should be “Le Moine Bauer, S.”. The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way.
Cost-Effective High Torque Density Bi-Magnet Machines Utilizing Rare Earth and Ferrite Permanent Magnets (2020)

This paper proposes a novel Bi-Magnet machine design concept in which ferrite and rare earth magnet materials are both utilized for torque production. The proposed design aims to reduce the cost of permanent magnet machines by minimizing the use of expensive high-grade rare earth magnet materials without compromising the high performance associated with them. The decreased performance due to the reduced rare earth magnet content can be compensated by adding inexpensive ferrite magnets. The design was optimized to achieve maximum cost-savings by minimizing the rare earth magnet content and improving the saliency of the rotor structure. A comparative study was conducted to highlight the advantages of the proposed concept using the Camry 2007 model as the baseline design. The results show that the proposed design is capable of achieving the same torque and power density as the baseline design using 30% less rare earth magnet materials, resulting in 20% active material cost reduction. The Bi-Magnet machine concept is shown to maintain the superior performance of conventional rare earth permanent magnet machines at a lower cost.
A New Formyl Peptide Receptor-1 Antagonist Conjugated Fullerene Nanoparticle for Targeted Treatment of Degenerative Disc Diseases (2019)

Intervertebral disc degeneration associated back pain is the most common cause of disability worldwide; however, no safe and effective treatments have been available. Here, we report a new functionalized nanofullerene conjugated with a peptide that binds specifically to a formyl peptide receptor-1 (FPR-1) expressed on activated macrophages. The new nanoparticle (aka FT-C<sub>60</sub>) was synthesized by conjugating carboxyl-C<sub>60</sub> with the primary amine group of the peptide with a fluorescence dye for easy detection. The new nanoparticle was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, and gel electrophoresis. It possessed effective radical (hydroxyl and superoxide anions) scavenging capabilities in electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. In cultured cells, the nanoparticle FT-C<sub>60</sub> demonstrated preferential binding to FPR-1 on activated macrophages and significantly attenuated mRNA expressions of proinflammatory factors including interleukin-6, interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and cyclooxygenase-2. In vivo animal studies exhibited that a single intravenous injection of FT-C<sub>60</sub> effectively alleviated pain in an established mouse model of radiculopathy for up to post-operation day (POD) 12. Ex vivo near-infrared fluorescence imaging of the mouse spine confirmed the targeting property of FT-C<sub>60</sub> toward the injured disc on POD 14. Quantitative analysis of histological staining on spine sections showed that nanoparticle FT-C<sub>60</sub> dramatically reduced inflammation at the local injury site compared to injury only on POD 7. In summary, we developed a novel targeted nanoparticle for treatment of lumbar radiculopathy by systemic delivery. This is a first-of-its-kind study for developing a novel class of targeted and systemic nanoparticle therapeutics to treat degenerative disc diseases.
Influence of the ions on the dynamical response of a nematic cell submitted to a dc voltage (2004)

The influence of the ions present in a liquid crystal on the dynamical response of a nematic slab submitted to a dc voltage is studied. The evolution of the system toward the equilibrium state is investigated by solving the continuity equation for the electric charge, taking into account the current of drift and of diffusion. Our analysis shows that the formation of the double layers close to the electrodes strongly modifies the distribution of the electric field across the sample. We evaluate the surface polarization due to the ions movements and the contribution to the anisotropic part of the surface energy having a dielectric origin. We show also that, even if the optical response of the liquid crystal is a slow phenomenon, the distribution of the ionic charge is rather fast. Consequently, the presence of the ions cannot be neglected in the determination of the flexoelectric coefficients when the nematic sample is submitted to a square wave having a period of the order of 1 s.
Dynamin inhibitors induce caspase-mediated apoptosis following cytokinesis failure in human cancer cells and this is blocked by Bcl-2 overexpression (2011)

Collectively, these data indicate that MiTMAB-induced apoptosis is dependent on both polyploidization and specific intracellular signalling components. This suggests that dynamin and potentially other cytokinesis factors are novel targets for development of cancer therapeutics.
Kontrolle der auftretenden Schnittemperaturen (1966)

Um einen Überblick über die Größenordnung der bei der Zerspanung von Kunststoffen auftretenden Schnittemperaturen zu erhalten, wurde in Anlehnung an eine Meßanordnung von Küsters [15] die an der Schneide des Drehmeißels auftretende Temperatur gemessen. Die Meßergebnisse sind für einen Spanwinkel von y = 0° in Abb. 65 in Abhängigkeit von der Schnittgeschwindigkeit v und vom Vorschub s aufgetragen.
Systemischer Lupus erythematodes und Lupusnephritis – Symptome und Diagnostik (2013)

Der systemische Lupus erythematodes (SLE) ist eine Autoimmunerkrankung, die alle Organe befallen kann. Am häufigsten sind junge Frauen von der Erkrankung betroffen, deren Symptome Abgeschlagenheit, Hautausschläge, Haarausfall und Sonnenempfindlichkeit sowie Gelenkschmerzen oft unspezifisch klingen können. Für die Diagnosestellung ist daher eine detaillierte Anamnese und umfassende klinische Untersuchung nötig. Diese wird durch verschiedene Laborparameter ergänzt, wobei der Testung auf antinukleäre Antikörper eine besondere Bedeutung zukommt. Die Nierenbeteiligung bei SLE kann sich klinisch unterschiedlich manifestieren – von isolierter Proteinurie bis hin zum rapiden Nierenversagen. Eine Nierenbiopsie sollte zur Klassifikation der Lupusnephritis und Therapiewahl angestrebt werden.
Crossing obstacle detection with a vehicle-mounted camera (2011)

We propose a computer vision algorithm that detects obstacles crossing a vehicle's path with a monocular camera mounted on the vehicle. False positives are strongly suppressed even for low-resolution images by imposing constraints on feature-based optical flows. The constraints are derived from a model of crossing obstacle motion under perspective projection. A key concept in this model is “Relative Incoming Angle”, which is an angle between the camera's translational direction and relative velocity of a crossing obstacle with respect to the camera. We show a ROC curve that has been obtained by varying the Relative Incoming Angle using our dataset consisting of 18 scenes, 1456 frames. A representative point on the curve yields the detection rate of 59.7% and false positive rate of 2.6% (per-image).
IBPP Research Associates: Ethiopia (2000)

This article - Addis Tribune Mourns Tamrat Bekele, by an Addis Tribune staff reporter - discusses the life of Tamrat Bekele, founder of Addis Tribune. The article was originally published in the Addis Tribune for the week of June 9, 2000. It may be accessed in part at http://allafrica.com/stories/200006090044.html. The full article resides in the AllAfrica archive, and it may be accessed via an AllAfrica subscription (http://allafrica.com/misc/info/subscribe.html).
Electrical trimming of heavily doped polycrystalline silicon resistors (1979)

The newly discovered phenomenon of resistance decrease in heavily doped polycrystalline silicon resistors by conduction of high current densiy has been investigated experimentally. Threshold values exist for the impurity concentration and for the applied current density for the occurrence of this phenomenon. Decreased resistance is stable as far as current higher than the threshold value is not applied thereafter. Applications to D/A converters and operational amplifiers are described. Electrical trimming of resistors in the circuits with accuracy of ±0.01 percent is easily attained.
How are tris(triazolyl)borate ligands electronically different from tris(pyrazolyl)borate ligands? A study of (TtztBu,Me)CuCO [TtztBu,Me = tris(3-t-butyl-5-methyl-1,2,4-triazolyl)borate] (2008)

(Ttz(tBu,Me))CuCO [Ttz(tBu,Me) = tris(3-t-butyl-5-methyl-1,2,4-triazolyl)borate] was prepared and fully characterized to test whether the Ttz(tBu,Me) ligand, which is sterically similar to Tp(tBu,Me) is electronically different; Ttz(tBu,Me) is a weaker electron donor and (Ttz(tBu,Me))CuCO is water stable and has a propensity to form hydrogen bonds.
On the Constrained CramÉr–Rao Bound With a Singular Fisher Information Matrix (2009)

The problem considered in this letter is to bound the performance of estimators of a deterministic parameter which satisfies given constraints. Specifically, previous work on the constrained Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) is generalized to include singular Fisher information matrices and biased estimators. A necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a finite CRB is obtained. A closed form for an estimator achieving the CRB, if one exists, is also provided, as well as a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of such an estimator. It is shown that biased estimators achieving the CRB can be constructed in situations for which no unbiased technique exists.
Enhanced Detection of In Vivo SUMO Conjugation by Ubc9 Fusion-Dependent Sumoylation (UFDS) (2008)

The bottleneck in studying protein sumoylation-the conjugation of the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)-is the detection of the low level of in vivo sumoylated proteins. The Ubc9 fusion-directed sumoylation (UFDS) system strongly enhances the in vivo sumoylation of a substrate protein at its specific sumoylation site. UFDS utilizes an expression plasmid for the protein of interest fused to the SUMO-conjugating enzyme Ubc9. When expressed in HEK293, COS-7, HeLa, or CHO cells, the fused target protein is conjugated with endogenous or coexpressed SUMO at its native sumoylation sites. This sumoylation requires neither SUMO ligase nor any extracellular stimulation and is easily detectable by fusion protein- or Ubc9-specific Western blotting with commercially available antibodies.