gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Computer-aided detection of clustered microcalcifications (2003)

A computerized technique is being developed to automatically detect clustered microcalcifications on digital mammograms. The method consists of three steps. First the signal-to-noise ratio of microcalcifications is enhanced by filtering the image to reduce the normal background structure of the mammogram. Second, signals (potential microcalcifications) are identified by means of global grey-level thresholding, morphological erosion, and a local adaptive grey-level thresholding. Third, the number of falsely detected signals is reduced by examining the power spectrum of individual signals, determining the spatial distribution of the signals, and examining the relationship between size, shape, and background pixel value of microcalcifications. Using this approach, the computer scheme was tested using 78 mammograms, half containing subtle clusters of microcalcifications and half containing no clusters. The scheme was capable of detecting 87% of true clusters with, on average, two false clusters detected per image.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Silver nanoparticles decorated electro-membrane flow reactor an effective tool for the desulfurization of fuels (2020)

Silver nanoparticles coated electro-membrane flow reactor was developed for the first time for the removal of sulfur compounds in crude oil. Diesel was used as a model for the crude oil. A wide range of sulfur compounds; thiophene, benzothiophene, methylbenzothiophene, dimethylbenzothiophene, dibenzothiophene, and methyldibenzothiophene were tested for removal. Silver nanoparticle
Studies with a murine monoclonal antibody that abolishes ristocetin- induced binding of von Willebrand factor to platelets: additional evidence in support of GPIb as a platelet receptor for von Willebrand factor (1983)

A murine monoclonal antibody directed at or near a platelet membrane receptor for the von Willebrand factor was produced by the hybridoma technique. Purified F(ab')2 fragments and/or intact antibody completely blocked the agglutination of platelets induced by both ristocetin and bovine von Willebrand factor and the binding of von Willebrand factor antigen to platelets. The antibody also decreased platelet retention, prevented the reduction in platelet electrophoretic mobility caused by bovine von Willebrand factor, and decreased the serum prothrombin time. Radiolabeled F(ab')2 fragments bound to or approximately 2.5 X 10(4) sites on normal platelets with high affinity (KD or approximately 1.5 X 10(-8) M); there was no binding to platelets from 2 patients with the Bernard-Soulier syndrome. Immunoprecipitation and affinity chromatography studies indicated that the antibody binds to glycoprotein lb at a site contained on the externally oriented portion of the GPIb alpha chain (glycocalicin). An unidentified mol wt or approximately 20,000 molecule labeled by periodate/NaB3H4 coprecipitated and copurified with GPIb.
Artificial Neural Networks Estimation for Thicknesses of Multilayer Nano-Scale Films (2019)

This study presents a real-time method for determining the thickness of each layer in multilayer thin films. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) were introduced to estimate thicknesses from a transmittance spectrum. After training via theoretical spectra which were generated by thin-film optics and modified by noise, ANNs were applied to estimate the thicknesses of four-layer nanoscale films which were TiO 2 , Ag, Ti, and TiO 2 thin films assembled sequentially on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates. The results reveal that the mean squared error of the estimation is 2.6 nm 2 , and is accurate enough to monitor film growth in real time.
Remote Pulsed Laser Raman Spectroscopy System for Mineral Analysis on Planetary Surfaces to 66 Meters (2002)

There is a need for an instrument that can be used for remote in situ identification of biogenic and a-biogenic minerals, various types of ices, and organic and inorganic materials on planetary surfaces. In this paper, we explore the use of remote pulsed laser Raman spectroscopy for mineral analysis at distances from 10 to 66 m on planetary surfaces. We have constructed a remote Raman system utilizing a small pulsed Nd:YAG laser and a 5-in. telescope coupled to a spectrograph with an optical fiber. The performance of our system is demonstrated by presenting spectra of benzene and marble (calcium carbonate) while varying the integration time (i.e., number of laser shots), as well as single laser shot spectra of marble while decreasing laser power. Finally, Raman spectra of representatives of several different mineral groups are presented, including hydrated substances, carbonates, silicates (e.g., olivine, pyroxene, feldspars, etc.), water, and ice.
Rationale and Design for a Monocentric Prospective Study: Sleep Apnea Diagnosis Using a Novel Pacemaker Algorithm and Link With Aldosterone Plasma Level in Patients Presenting With Diastolic Dysfunction (SAPAAD Study) (2018)

Previous studies showed good agreement between pacemaker respiratory disturbance index (RDI) and polysomnography for diagnosis of severe sleep apnea (SA). The aim of this study is to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of RDI compared with apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) from a cardiorespiratory sleep study for the diagnosis of severe SA within patients requiring a pacemaker and meeting diastolic dysfunction criteria. Secondary objectives are as follows: correlation between plasma aldosterone level and SA severity, diagnostic accuracy of RDI for moderate SA, prevalence of SA among patients with diastolic dysfunction, occurrence of arrhythmias, and improvement of RDI with continuous positive airway pressure therapy. We designed a monocentric prospective nonrandomized study of prevalent cases to include 68 patients with a 6-month follow-up. Both RDI and AHI will be compared 2 months after implantation and after 1 month of continuous positive airway pressure treatment in patients with severe SA. This is the first study that examines diagnostic accuracy of pacemaker algorithm for the diagnosis of SA and correlation with plasma aldosterone levels in patients with diastolic dysfunction. Protocol version: V04. 04/04/2017 Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02751021.
Enhanced NH3-SCR Activity of V/TiO2 Catalyst Prepared by Various Ball Mill Method (2017)

본 연구에서는, <TEX>$150{\sim}400^{\circ}C$</TEX> 영역에서 <TEX>$NO_x$</TEX>를 제어하기 위한 ball mill 기법을 사용한 선택적 환원촉매(SCR)의 연구를 수행하였다. 제조된 촉매들의 구조적 특성 및 산화가 특성을 확인하기 위하여 XRD, BET, XPS 분석을 수행하였다. 다양한 ball mill 기법에 의해 제조된 촉매는 <TEX>$250^{\circ}C$</TEX> 이하의 온도구간에서의 활성의 차이를 보였다. 이중 가장 우수한 탈질효율을 갖는 촉매를 기준으로, ball mill 시간이 3시간일 때 가장 높은 활성을 나타내었다. XPS 분석 결과, vanadium의 비 화학양론종의 존재 및 원자 수 증가가 활성증진에 유리하게 작용한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 <TEX>$O_2$</TEX> on-off 실험을 통해 격자산소량의 양과 탈질 효율과의 상관관계를 나타내었고, 이는 서로 비례관계에 있음을 확인하였다. In this study, the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) for NOx removal was investigated in the temperature range of <TEX>$150{\sim}400^{\circ}C$</TEX>. XRD, BET and XPS analyses to determine the structural properties and valence state characteristics of the catalyst were performed. Various ball mill method were shown to a difference in activity at a low temperature below <TEX>$250^{\circ}C$</TEX>. Based on the catalyst with the highest denitrification efficiency, the ball mill time was the best result at 3 h. As a result of XPS analysis, the presence of the non-stoichiometric vanadium species and the increase of the number of atoms were attributed to a positive effect in the SCR reaction. it was confirmed that the correlation between the amount of lattice oxygen and the denitrification efficiency through the <TEX>$O_2$</TEX> on-off experiment, and it was in a proportional relationship to each other.
Trente ans de diversification agricole à la Martinique : facteurs de réussite ou d'échec (1999)

Introduction. L'économie agricole de la Martinique a toujours été caractérisée par la prédominance de cultures telles que bananier, canne à sucre et ananas. Ce nombre réduit de production n'étant pas sans risque économique ou agronomique, des opérations de diversification ont été tentées à destination du marché local ou de l'exportation. Diversification fruitière et diversification maraîchère. Cinq expériences de diversification, portant sur l'avocatier, le limettier, le goyavier, l'aubergine et le melon, sont analysées. L'historique, la participation des organismes de recherche ainsi que les enseignements à tirer des programmes de développement analysés sont étudiés pour chaque culture. Analyse comparative des différentes expériences. Les différentes expériences sont analysées au travers d'une grille qui met en évidence le rôle de la géographie, de l'insularité, de la recherche et des marchés. Il apparaît que la diversification doit prendre en compte aussi bien les débouchés sur le marché local que ceux d'exportation. Conclusions : échecs ou succès ? La Martinique dispose d'atouts certains qui cependant contrebalancent difficilement ses contraintes. Les expériences montrent l'importance des études économiques, de la recherche et de la diversité des marchés. Dans ce cadre, l'avantage majeur de la Martinique et des Dom-Tom devrait être l'aptitude aux changements rapides qui suppose une flexibilité des systèmes de production et des filières, accompagnée d'une organisation interprofessionnelle performante.
Impact of Polyamines and Mycorrhiza on Chlorophyll Substance of Maize Grown under Cadmium Toxicity (2018)

An average data of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b were recorded at 30, 60 and 90 days in the wake of sowing of maize in Rabi season under cadmium tainted soil. For chlorophyll a, the treatment T17 was found to significantly increase by 0.802%, 17.50% and 5.23% with respect to T12. Similarly, for chlorophyll b, the treatment T17 was found to have significant effect with 10.90%, 7.09% and 8.05% increase with respect to T12.
Glucose Monitoring in Acute Care: Technologies on the Horizon (2008)

Current glucose monitoring technology appears inadequate for the management of diabetic surgical and in critically ill patients requiring intensive insulin therapy. Subcutaneous sensors measure interstitial fluid glucose, and this technology has not yet been shown to provide the timely and accurate measurements necessary for intravenous insulin administration in surgical and critical care patients on intensive insulin therapy. Technologies under development that may be more suitable for surgical and intensive care unit patients are the automated intermittent type glucose monitors and central catheter glucose monitors. Improved accuracy, patient safety, incorporation of control algorithms, and alleviation of added nursing labor are important factors for consideration with future acute care glucose monitors. Hospital costs for these monitors are difficult to estimate but may be relatively low if their use can be related to better patient outcome, reduced labor costs, and increased job satisfaction for the nursing staff.
Null Retinoschisin-Protein Expression from anRS1c354del1-ins18 Mutation Causing Progressive and Severe XLRS in a Cross-Sectional Family Study (2009)

The c354del1-ins18 mutation caused an RS1-null biochemical phenotype and a progressive clinical phenotype in a 5-year-old boy, whereas the older XLRS relatives had macular atrophy and marked ERG changes. The phenotypic heterogeneity with age by cross-sectional study of this family mutation argues that XLRS disease is not stationary and raises questions regarding factors involved in progression.
S100B Protein Stimulates Microglia Migration via RAGE-dependent Up-regulation of Chemokine Expression and Release (2011)

The Ca(2+)-binding protein of the EF-hand type, S100B, is abundantly expressed in and secreted by astrocytes, and release of S100B from damaged astrocytes occurs during the course of acute and chronic brain disorders. Thus, the concept has emerged that S100B might act an unconventional cytokine or a damage-associated molecular pattern protein playing a role in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders and inflammatory brain diseases. S100B proinflammatory effects require relatively high concentrations of the protein, whereas at physiological concentrations S100B exerts trophic effects on neurons. Most if not all of the extracellular (trophic and toxic) effects of S100B in the brain are mediated by the engagement of RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end products). We show here that high S100B stimulates murine microglia migration in Boyden chambers via RAGE-dependent activation of Src kinase, Ras, PI3K, MEK/ERK1/2, RhoA/ROCK, Rac1/JNK/AP-1, Rac1/NF-κB, and, to a lesser extent, p38 MAPK. Recruitment of the adaptor protein, diaphanous-1, a member of the formin protein family, is also required for S100B/RAGE-induced migration of microglia. The S100B/RAGE-dependent activation of diaphanous-1/Rac1/JNK/AP-1, Ras/Rac1/NF-κB and Src/Ras/PI3K/RhoA/diaphanous-1 results in the up-regulation of expression of the chemokines, CCL3, CCL5, and CXCL12, whose release and activity are required for S100B to stimulate microglia migration. Lastly, RAGE engagement by S100B in microglia results in up-regulation of the chemokine receptors, CCR1 and CCR5. These results suggests that S100B might participate in the pathophysiology of brain inflammatory disorders via RAGE-dependent regulation of several inflammation-related events including activation and migration of microglia.
Reverse Shoulder Prosthesis for Acute Four-Part Fracture (2009)

Since Neer's first description, many authors have advocated the use of hemiarthroplasty for most 4-part fractures owing to the risk of avascular necrosis of the humeral head. Results of hemiarthroplasty, however, have shown to be unreliable, especially in patients older than 75 years. Recently, the use of the reverse shoulder replacement has been advocated as an alternative solution, as functional recovery may be possible without anatomic tuberosity healing. Preliminary results have been rather encouraging, with several reports of consistent improvement of both pain relief and function. Because restoration of external rotation is best achieved with tuberosity healing, emphasis has been placed on tuberosity repair. The purpose of the current paper was to describe a reliable and reproducible technique for managing 4-part proximal humeral fractures with reverse shoulder arthroplasty using a humeral head horseshoe graft to augment secure tuberosity fixation. Together with a prosthesis that uses a more anatomical center of rotation, this technique provides a means for anatomic restoration of the tuberosities and minimizes the risk of tuberosity migration associated with current prostheses.
Use Cases and Standardisation Activities for eMBB and V2X Scenarios (2020)

The H2020 project 5G-DRIVE (5G HarmoniseD Research and TrIals for serVice Evolution between EU and China) cooperates with the Chinese twin project to trial and validate key functions of 5G networks operating at 3.5 GHz bands for enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) and 3.5 GHz & 5.9 GHz bands for V2X scenarios. This paper describes the ongoing standardisation efforts for eMBB and V2X scenarios. Furthermore, it introduces the use cases considered by the 5G-DRIVE project.
Nanocapillary Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet: A Tool for Ultrafine Maskless Surface Modification at Atmospheric Pressure (2016)

With respect to microsized surface functionalization techniques we proposed the use of a maskless, versatile, simple tool, represented by a nano- or microcapillary atmospheric pressure plasma jet for producing microsized controlled etching, chemical vapor deposition, and chemical modification patterns on polymeric surfaces. In this work we show the possibility of size-controlled surface amination, and we discuss it as a function of different processing parameters. Moreover, we prove the successful connection of labeled sugar chains on the functionalized microscale patterns, indicating the possibility to use ultrafine capillary atmospheric pressure plasma jets as versatile tools for biosensing, tissue engineering, and related biomedical applications.
Association of smoking status with p16 and cyclin D1 (CCND1) expression with clinical characteristics and overall survival (OS) in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSC). (2012)

5551 Background: Smoking-related head and neck cancer (HNC) is genetically different, with higher mutation rates compared with non-smokers (NS). Human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive (+) OSC has a superior prognosis independent of treatment. Among HPV+ patients (pt), current or prior smokers (CS) have poor OS compared with NS. Expression of p16, a known HPV surrogate, and CYD1, a cell cycle marker often dysregulated in HNC, was evaluated with respect to smoking status and OS. Methods: Expression of p16 and CYD1 was assessed by immunohistochemistry in 108 OSC pt treated between 1999-2009, using cutoffs of ≥70% (p16+) and ≥10% (CYD1+) stained tumor cells. Associations between expression, clinical characteristics and OS were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier method and compared by log rank test. Hazard ratio (HR) for death was estimated using Cox models. Results: 31 pt (28.7%) were p16+ and 80 pt (75.5%) were CYD1 negative(-). p16+ pt were younger (median age 57 v 66 yrs, p=0.002), more likely female (35.5% v 15.2%, p=0.035), NS (51.6% v 13.9%, p&lt;0.001) with lower combined age-comorbidity score (ageCS) (p=0.003). CYD1+ pt were older (median 66 v 57 yrs, p=0.015), more likely CS (81.5% v 48.1%, p=0.002) with higher ageCS (p=0.018). At a median f/u of 65.7 months, median OS was 57.3 months. p16+ pt had better OS than p16- pt (median OS not reached (NR) v 22.3 mths, p&lt;0.001). CYD1+ pt had poorer OS than CYD1- pt (median OS NR v 17.7 mths, p&lt;0.001). On multivariable analysis p16 and CYD1 status were independently associated with OS (HR 0.412, p=0.045 and HR 4.06, p=0.011 respectively), independent of smoking status (HR 5.01, p=0.008), ageCS (HR 1.32 per 1 point increase, p&lt;0.001) and stage. Strikingly, among NS, 5-year OS in p16+ compared with p16- pt was 100% vs 67% (p&lt;0.001). In contrast, among CS, p16 status had no association with OS (HR 0.97, p=0.943), while CYD1 status and ageCS were independent predictors of death (HR 4.70, p=0.025 and HR 1.28, p&lt;0.001 respectively). Conclusions: In OSC, NS with high p16 expression have excellent prognosis. Among CS, pt with fewer comorbidities and low CYD1 expression have better OS. p16 status was not prognostic in the latter group of patients.
Immune interactions between mosquitoes and their hosts (2006)

The intimate contact between mosquitoes and the immune system of their hosts is generally not considered important because of the transient nature of mosquito feeding. However, when hosts are exposed to many feeding mosquitoes, they develop immune responses against a range of salivary antigens. Understanding the importance of these responses will provide new tools for monitoring vector populations and identifying individuals at risk of mosquito-borne diseases, and allow the development of novel methods for monitoring control and mosquito-release programmes. Antibodies targeting the mosquito midgut are also important in the development of mosquito vaccines. The feasibility of this approach has been demonstrated and future research opportunities are considered in this review. The potential impact of mosquito vaccines is also discussed. Our understanding of the interplay between mosquitoes and the immune system of their hosts is still in its infancy, but it is clear that there is great potential for exploiting this interplay in the control of mosquito-borne diseases.
Effects of Microstructural Hierarchy in the Consolidation and Sintering of Ultrafine Powders. (2007)

Abstract not provided.
Photoresponsive multilayer films by assembling cationic amphiphilic cyclodextrins and anionic porphyrins at the air/water interface (2007)

Densely packed hybrid monolayers of amphiphilic cyclodextrins incorporating hydrophilic porphyrins are formed at the air/water interface through electrostatic interaction and can be transferred onto quartz substrates by Langmuir–Schäfer deposition. The resulting multilayers exhibit a good response to light excitation as proven by fluorescence emission, triplet–triplet absorption and singlet oxygen photogeneration.
Pitfalls and Advances from the International Tirilazad Trial in Moderate and Severe Head Injury (1995)

This manuscript reviews current experience with a large-scale clinical trial of the nonglucocorticoid 21-aminosteroid compound, tirilazad mesylate (U-74,006F). The trial itself now encompasses 15 countries with all central coordination conducted in the Data Coordinating Center at the University of California, San Diego. To date, the conduct of this trial has shown that diverse groups of clinicians in multiple countries have been able to work together to adhere to a tightly defined research protocol. Despite the success in initiating and conducting this trial, however, there have been several unanticipated problems that have complicated its progress. In this regard, difficulties have been associated with the use of mean Glasgow coma scores for data analysis. Similarly, a prospective identification of the risk variables was found necessary to preclude the potential for serious errors in data analysis. Lastly, a differential effect of the drug was noted in women compared to men in the European subarachnoid hemorrhage trial where a significant improvement in outcome was observed in males. This differential response appears to be linked to drug metabolism, but the problem may be further compounded by improper dosing because of failure to weigh many patients. Women appear to be routinely underdosed because their weights are routinely underestimated. Overall, this paper shows the feasibility of conducting such a large scale international trial, while also highlighting some of the potential pitfalls and problems that should be avoided in future trials of this nature.
Poetic Genre and National Identity: Ramsay, Fergusson and Burns (1998)

One of the distinctions of Scottish literature is that it has given the world the elegy in which the elegist is sick-not sick with grief, as might just be permissible in respectable elegies, but sick from an excess of alcohol.The poem in question is Allan Ramsay's "Elegy on Maggy Johnston."In conventional pastoral elegy one of the ways the speaker mourns is by offering personal testimony to the dead person's qualities and achievements.So it is with Ramsay's mourner:
Degradation of hypomodified tRNAiMet in vivo involves RNA-dependent ATPase activity of the DExH helicase Mtr4p (2007)

Effective turnover of many incorrectly processed RNAs in yeast, including hypomodified tRNA(iMet), requires the TRAMP complex, which appends a short poly(A) tail to RNA designated for decay. The poly(A) tail stimulates degradation by the exosome. The TRAMP complex contains the poly(A) polymerase Trf4p, the RNA-binding protein Air2p, and the DExH RNA helicase Mtr4p. The role of Mtr4p in RNA degradation processes involving the TRAMP complex has been unclear. Here we show through a genetic analysis that MTR4 is required for degradation but not for polyadenylation of hypomodified tRNA(iMet). A suppressor of the trm6-504 mutation in the tRNA m(1)A58 methyltransferase (Trm6p/Trm61p), which causes a reduced level of tRNA(iMet), was mapped to MTR4. This mtr4-20 mutation changed a single amino acid in the conserved helicase motif VI of Mtr4p. The mutation stabilizes hypomodified tRNA(iMet) in vivo but has no effect on TRAMP complex stability or polyadenylation activity in vivo or in vitro. We further show that purified recombinant Mtr4p displays RNA-dependent ATPase activity and unwinds RNA duplexes with a 3'-to-5' polarity in an ATP-dependent fashion. Unwinding and RNA-stimulated ATPase activities are strongly reduced in the recombinant mutant Mtr4-20p, suggesting that these activities of Mtr4p are critical for degradation of polyadenylated hypomodified tRNA(iMet).