gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient Implementation of Strict Floating - Point Semantics (2001)

Abstract. The keyword ‘strictfp ’ has recently been introduced into the Java language and virtual machine specifications. ‘Strictfp ’ is a method, class, and interface modifier. In its syntactical scope, all floating-point operations must keep the strict semantics defined by the language specification regardless of the processor on which a Java virtual machine is running. The Intel x86 processor architecture, however, is not naturally compliant with the semantics, although almost all other processors are compliant. We have implemented the semantics on a Just-In-Time compiler which translates Java bytecode to the x86 native code. In the process we have investigated, developed, and compared efficient methods of achieving the strictfp semantics. This paper reports these methods and experimental results, and evaluates their performance. It also addresses problems that remain despite the introduction of ‘strictfp’. Keywords: floating-point semantics; x86; Java; strictfp; Just-In-Time compiler 1
Molecular tweeting (2015)

It is well established that bacteria engage in social behavior and form networked communities via molecular signaling. However, most studies published to date focus on the intracellular molecular networks rather than the intercellular networks formed across strains and species. Therefore, in this paper, we define for the first time a bacteria intercellular network and describe its dynamics and contribution to biofilm formation. We apply our methods to a heterogeneous bacteria population consisting of strains that are often identified from clinical isolates, namely, the wild-type (co-operator), and its signal-blind and signal-negative (cheater) mutants. We analyze the network dynamics and biofilm metrics, showing that our method can effectively reveal the underlying intercellular communication process and community organization within the biofilm. We claim that the application of social and network sciences to understanding bacteria population dynamics can aid in developing better drugs to control the many pathogenic bacteria that use social interactions to cause infections.
Stable Contact Guaranteeing Motion/Force Control for an Aerial Manipulator on an Arbitrarily Tilted Surface (2023)

This study aims to design a motion/force controller for an aerial manipulator which guarantees the tracking of time-varying motion/force trajectories as well as the stability during the transition between free and contact motions. To this end, we model the force exerted on the end-effector as the Kelvin-Voigt linear model and estimate its parameters by recursive least-squares estimator. Then, the gains of the disturbance-observer (DOB)-based motion/force controller are calculated based on the stability conditions considering both the model uncertainties in the dynamic equation and switching between the free and contact motions. To validate the proposed controller, we conducted the time-varying motion/force tracking experiments with different approach speeds and orientations of the surface. The results show that our controller enables the aerial manipulator to track the time-varying motion/force trajectories.
Quantitative DEMS study of ethanol oxidation: effect of surface structure and Sn surface modification (2012)

Using the dual thin layer flow through cell, a semi-quantitative analysis of the volatile products during the electrooxidation of adsorbed and bulk solution of 0.01 M ethanol at polycrystalline platinum, smooth, roughened and Sn modified Pt(11,1,1), Pt(311) electrodes has been done by on-line differential electrochemical mass spectroscopy (DEMS). In addition to the current efficiency of CO(2), that of acetaldehyde was determined as a function of the flow rate. At polycrystalline platinum, ethanol oxidation produces only acetaldehyde; the amount of acetaldehyde further oxidized to acetic acid is negligible due to convection conditions. For comparison and for calibration purposes, i-propanol oxidation was examined for which acetone is the only oxidation product. At Pt(11,1,1), the main oxidation product is acetaldehyde. At Pt(311), in addition to acetaldehyde, acetic acid was also formed. Surface modification with Sn did not increase the reactivity of Pt(11,1,1) instead it led to inhibition of the ethanol oxidation. In the case of Pt(311), the onset potential of oxidation was shifted negatively by 0.2 V in the presence of Sn. The results of the potentiostatic measurements showed that this shift is not associated with the production of CO(2); rather acetic acid and acetaldehyde are the main oxidation products.
Regression of Lid-Induced Corneal Topography Changes After Reading (2005)

The length of time spent reading has a cumulative effect on the period over which corneal topography remains altered as a result of lid forces.
Comparing Safety and Tolerability of Antipsychotic Treatment (2007)

Certain modifiable risk factors for diabetes and cardiovascular disease need to be considered when prescribing antipsychotic medications. Antipsychotics may change a patient's weight, glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides. These changes may lead to changes in cardiopulmonary health. If switching medications is not a viable option, the metabolic and cardiopulmonary risks may be minimized by monitoring certain behaviors such as smoking, exercise, diet, and medication adherence. The principals of primary prevention suggest the importance of lowering risk for disease by using monitoring and intervention approaches.
Warfighter Physiological Status Monitoring (WPSM): Body Core Temperatures During 96 h of Swamp Phase Ranger Training. (1997)

Abstract : In February 1997, ten Ranger students were studied during four days of swamp phase training at Camp Rudder. Objective: to confirm that core temperatures remain above 35.5 deg C (95.9 deg F) when the Ranger Cold Weather Immersion Limits Table guidelines were followed. Methods: an accurate, unobtrusive, lightweight (3 oz) Body Core Temperature Monitor (BCTM) and an FDA-approved temperature pill were used to record and store data for later analysis. A logbook of date, time, grid coordinates, debarkation water temperature, and immersion depths was kept. Weather data, including river depth and water temperature, was obtained from automated weather stations in the Ranger training area. Results: Due to the unusually warm weather conditions (air temp. = 56 to 76 deg F) and limited immersion time, the data needed to validate the Immersion Limits Table could not be collected. Nevertheless, the volunteers exhibited a remarkably wide range of core temperatures. Average core temperature ranged from 35.9 deg C (96.6 deg F) to 38.2 deg C (100.8 deg F), with individual values ranging from 35.4 deg C (95.7 deg F) to 39.1 deg C (102.4 deg F). Recommendations: (a) return to Camp Rudder next winter to continue effort to validate Cold Weather Immersion Limits Table, (b) initiate similar studies of Mountain Phase of Ranger Training, (c) define design for an improved BCTM capable of transmitting core temperature data to a data collecting system that would warn when a soldier's temperature was outside safe limits.
Degradation kinetics of thermal oxides (2001)

In this letter I propose a kinetics model of trap creation in thermal oxides under electrical stress. The model is based on the idea that electrons drifted in the oxide conduction band by the stress field undergo scattering by existing defects. The process controls the creation of additional traps. The kinetics model predicts a square root dependence on the stress time. Model results are validated by experimental data of stress induced leakage current. Defect concentrations calculated with my kinetics model were used in a trap-assisted model and yielded excellent fits of the low-field conductivity
Abstract 1940: Anti-tumor action of adenosine A3 receptor in prostate cancer involves suppression of micro RNA-21 (2012)

Abstract Introduction: Adenosine-based drugs have shown promising results against various solid tumors including prostate cancer. These drugs exert their effects via adenosine receptors (ARs), and in prostate cancer, the A3AR subtype appears to play a major role in its anti-tumor action. MicroRNAs (miRs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate the coding RNAs at post-transcriptional level. One of these, miR-21, has been shown to promote prostate cancer growth and invasiveness. In the present study, we hypothesized that A3AR agonists suppressed prostate tumor growth by reducing miR-21 expression. Methods: In vivo studies were performed in xenograft model of prostate cancer in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. Mice were injected subcutaneously with PC3-MM human prostate cancer cells, treated with vehicle, the agonist N’-(3-iodobenzyl) adenosine-5′-N-methyluronamide (IB-MECA), the antagonist 9-Chloro-2-(2-furanyl)-5-((phenylacetyl)amino)-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]quinazoline (MRS1220) or MRS1220 + IB-MECA, on alternate day for 2-3 weeks, and tumor growth was measured. Primary tumors were then excised and used to determine miR-21 (by TaqMan assay) and maspin, PDCD4 and TPM1 (by Western blotting and RT-PCR). In vitro studies were done in PC3-MM cells grown in cell culture plates. The levels of miR-21 were also detected in RNA samples obtained from human prostate cancer tissues (OriGene Technologies), while the levels of maspin and PDCD4 were determined in the formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) prostate tumor sections by immunohistochemistry. Results: IB-MECA suppressed tumor growth in SCID mice. This effect was blunted in presence of the antagonist, MRS1220. Reductions in tumor volume were associated with reduced expression of miR-21 in the primary tumors. Furthermore, we observed up-regulation of the tumor suppressor proteins maspin, PDCD4 and TPM1, which are known to be negatively regulated by miR-21. Similar findings were obtained in in vitro cell culture studies. In human prostate cancer RNA samples from patients with different stages of prostate cancer there was high expression of miR-21. This finding co-related with down-regulation of its target proteins, maspin and PDCD4, in human prostate tumor sections. Conclusions: Based on the data, we conclude that activation of the A3AR reduces the prostate cancer growth by suppressing miR-21 expression and up-regulating tumor suppressor proteins such as maspin, PDCD4 and TPM1. These data support the use of A3AR agonists as a viable therapeutic option against the advanced forms of prostate cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1940. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1940
Management Optimization of the Luminous Flux Regulation of a Lighting System in Road Tunnels. A First Approach to the Exertion of Predictive Control Systems (2016)

Lighting very long road tunnels implies a high consumption of electrical energy since it requires a proper illumination during the whole day. In particular, in the daytime, the illuminance levels right at the tunnel entrance threshold and exit zones must be higher than those characterizing the inside of the tunnel; in this way, the eye of the driver is able to adapt and be safe while passing from a high natural illumination of the outside to the lighting conditions characterizing the inside of the tunnel. However this causes a high energy demand. Therefore, this case study investigates whether it is possible to minimize the energy demand through the exertion of an automatic new control system regulating the luminous fluxes of artificial sources (guaranteeing the parameters set by the regulation) with respect to the variation of the natural light characterizing the outside. The innovative control systems must be characterized by high reliability levels in order to guarantee conditions which are not dangerous to the driver if an outage occurs and minimize their maintenance costs. To carry out this type of study, the software DIALux was used to simulate a tunnel with a dimming system (with lamps characterized by a high luminous efficiency) regulated by a pre-programmed logic control system (with high Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF) values). The savings obtained enabled the amortization of the solution here suggested in a time interval that makes it an advantageous choice economically speaking.
Coherent optical pulse shaping from incoherent light sources (2014)

Using the spectral coherence properties of temporally modulated incoherent fields, a novel optical pulse shaping approach for obtaining a fully coherent optical waveform with a customized temporal shape from a time-gated incoherent light source is introduced and numerically demonstrated.
Regulating effect of sympathetic-adrenal system on hemopoiesis suppressed by cytostatic drugs (1997)

The ability of cytostatics to cause activation of sympathetic-adrenal system (SAS) assumes alongside their direct cytotoxic effect, the existence of mediated action on hemopoiesis, through the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Nevertheless, the possibility of sympathetic-adrenal modulation of a myelopoiesis inhibiting effect of cytostatic drugs and, in particular, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and cyclophosphamide (CP) has not been studied. We have established the two-phase decrease of catecholamines (CA) concentration in adrenal glands of mice on the first 2 days and on days 4 and 5 after high dose (114 mg/kg) of 5-FU injection. It was conditioned, more likely, by not a gland damage, but mediators' rejection to blood. A direct correlation is found, between CA concentration in adrenal glands and cellularity of various hemopoiesis lineages that testifies to a close dependence of the postcytostatic hypoplasia and hemopoiesis restoration on the SAS regulating effect. Using pharmacologic agents such as α-(dihydroergotaminum, 3.9 mg/kg) and β-adrenergic antagonist (propranolol, 5 mg/kg) or ganglionic antagonist (azamethonium bromide, 6 mg/kg) showed positive and negative effects on hemopoiesis regeneration of the first and second phases of CA secretion from adrenal glands, respectively. One of the drugs injected on the third day after 5-FU administration in contrast to a combined with cytostatic use, allowed enhancement of the rate and amplitude of erythro- and granulocytopoiesis restoration to a considerable degree. A similar effect of the same medicines was observed in conditions of CP administration. One of the mechanisms of modulating CA effect on hemopoiesis inhibited by cytostatics is a control of the proliferation and differentiation processes of hematopoietic cells in hemopoietic islets (HI). Thus, the processes of postcytostatic hypoplasia and restoration of hemopoiesis are determined, probably, by a combination of specific cytostatic damages of hematopoietic cells and elements of their microenvironment with non-specific SAS activation which is capable of enhancing the cytotoxic influence of cytostatics on hemopoiesis.
N lines in a myopathy with myosin loss (1998)

N lines can be seen by electron microscopy within the I band of skeletal muscle, but are poorly visualized in conventional preparations. We present a case of acute quadriplegic myopathy with myosin loss and prominent N lines. The only other reported cases of N lines were also seen in patients with myosin loss from diverse etiologies. Myosin loss and the subsequent detachment of titin from myosin may result in the formation of prominent N lines.
NEUROTRANSMITTER UPTAKE INTO SLICES OF RAT CEREBRAL CORTEX IN VITRO: EFFECT OF SLICE SIZE (1976)

Abstract— The uptake of [ 14 C]GABA, [ 14 C]taurine, [ 3 H] β ‐alanine and [ 14 C]dopamine was compared in slices of rat cerebral cortex of three different sizes (0.1 × 0.1 × 2 mm, 0.2 × 0.2 × 2 mm and 0.4 × 0.4 × 2 mm prepared with a mechanical tissue chopper). [ 14 C]Taurine and [ 3 H] β ‐alanine uptake increased whereas [ 14 C]GABA uptake decreased with increasing slice size. [ 14 C]Dopamine uptake was optimal in 0.2 × 0.2 × 2 mm slices. Increasing slice size was shown to decrease inhibition of [ 3 H] β ‐alanine and [ 14 C]GABA uptake by l ‐2,4‐diaminobutyric acid. Lactate dehydrogenase activity increased with increasing slice size indicating decreased tissue damage or increased cellular integrity. The possibility that varying slice size can be used to distinguish between neuronal and glial uptake is discussed. It is suggested that taurine uptake in the cerebral cortex is predominantly glial.
High-fidelity multichannel audio coding with karhunen-loeve transform (2003)

A new quality-scalable high-fidelity multichannel audio compression algorithm based on MPEG-2 advanced audio coding (AAC) is presented. The Karhunen-Loeve transform (KLT) is applied to multichannel audio signals in the preprocessing stage to remove interchannel redundancy. Then, signals in decorrelated channels are compressed by a modified AAC main profile encoder. Finally, a channel transmission control mechanism is used to re-organize the bitstream so that the multichannel audio bitstream has a quality scalable property when it is transmitted over a heterogeneous network. Experimental results show that, compared with AAC, the proposed algorithm achieves a better performance while maintaining a similar computational complexity at the regular bit rate of 64 kbit/sec/ch. When the bitstream is transmitted to narrowband end users at a lower bit rate, packets in some channels can be dropped, and slightly degraded, yet full-channel, audio can still be reconstructed in a reasonable fashion without any additional computational cost.
The Detailed 3D Multi-Loop Aggregate/Rosette Chromatin Architecture and Functional Dynamic Organization of the Human and Mouse Genomes (2016)

Abstract The dynamic three-dimensional chromatin architecture of genomes and its co-evolutionary connection to its function – the storage, expression, and replication of genetic information – is still one of the central issues in biology. Here, we describe the much debated 3D-architecture of the human and mouse genomes from the nucleosomal to the megabase pair level by a novel approach combining selective high-throughput high-resolution chromosomal interaction capture (T2C), polymer simulations, and scaling analysis of the 3D-architecture and the DNA sequence: The genome is compacted into a chromatin quasi-fibre with ∼5±1 nucleosomes/11nm, folded into stable ∼30-100 kbp loops forming stable loop aggregates/rosettes connected by similar sized linkers. Minor but significant variations in the architecture are seen between cell types/functional states. The architecture and the DNA sequence show very similar fine-structured multi-scaling behaviour confirming their co-evolution and the above. This architecture, its dynamics, and accessibility balance stability and flexibility ensuring genome integrity and variation enabling gene expression/regulation by self-organization of (in)active units already in proximity. Our results agree with the heuristics of the field and allow “architectural sequencing” at a genome mechanics level to understand the inseparable systems genomic properties.
Controlling the Pore Size of Mesoporous Carbon Thin Films through Thermal and Solvent Annealing (2017)

Herein an approach to controlling the pore size of mesoporous carbon thin films from metal-free polyacrylonitrile-containing block copolymers is described. A high-molecular-weight poly(acrylonitrile-block-methyl methacrylate) (PAN-b-PMMA) is synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The authors systematically investigate the self-assembly behavior of PAN-b-PMMA thin films during thermal and solvent annealing, as well as the pore size of mesoporous carbon thin films after pyrolysis. The as-spin-coated PAN-b-PMMA is microphase-separated into uniformly spaced globular nanostructures, and these globular nanostructures evolve into various morphologies after thermal or solvent annealing. Surprisingly, through thermal annealing and subsequent pyrolysis of PAN-b-PMMA into mesoporous carbon thin films, the pore size and center-to-center spacing increase significantly with thermal annealing temperature, different from most block copolymers. In addition, the choice of solvent in solvent annealing strongly influences the block copolymer nanostructure and the pore size of mesoporous carbon thin films. The discoveries herein provide a simple strategy to control the pore size of mesoporous carbon thin films by tuning thermal or solvent annealing conditions, instead of synthesizing a series of block copolymers of various molecular weights and compositions.
Rapid Assessment of Drug Susceptibilities of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Means of Luciferase Reporter Phages (1993)

Effective chemotherapy of tuberculosis requires rapid assessment of drug sensitivity because of the emergence of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Drug susceptibility was assessed by a simple method based on the efficient production of photons by viable mycobacteria infected with specific reporter phages expressing the firefly luciferase gene. Light production was dependent on phage infection, expression of the luciferase gene, and the level of cellular adenosine triphosphate. Signals could be detected within minutes after infection of virulent M. tuberculosis with reporter phages. Culture of conventional strains with antituberculosis drugs, including isoniazid or rifampicin, resulted in extinction of light production. In contrast, light signals after luciferase reporter phage infection of drug-resistant strains continued to be produced. Luciferase reporter phages may help to reduce the time required for establishing antibiotic sensitivity of M. tuberculosis strains from weeks to days and to accelerate screening for new antituberculosis drugs.
Enantioselective Synthesis and Enhanced Circularly Polarized Luminescence of S-Shaped Double Azahelicenes (2014)

The enantioselective synthesis of azahelicenes and S-shaped double azahelicenes has been achieved via the Au-catalyzed sequential intramolecular hydroarylation of alkynes. The use of excess AgOTf toward a Au(I) complex is crucial for this transformation. Interestingly, the circularly polarized luminescence activity of the S-shaped double azahelicenes was significantly higher than that of the azahelicenes.
Multiphoton Cascade Absorption in Single Molecule Fluorescence Saturation Spectroscopy (2013)

International audience
Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells into Bipotent Mesenchymal Stem Cells (2006)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent progenitors that can be found in many connective tissues, including fat, bone, cartilage, and muscle. We report here a method to reproducibly differentiate human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) into MSCs that does not require the use of any feeder layer. The cells obtained with this procedure are morphologically similar to bone marrow MSCs, are contact-inhibited, can be grown in culture for about 20 to 25 passages, have an immunophenotype similar to bone marrow MSCs (negative for CD34 and CD45 and positive for CD13, CD44, CD71, CD73, CD105, CD166, human leukocyte antigen [HLA]-ABC, and stage-specific embryonic antigen [SSEA]-4), can differentiate into osteocytes and adipocytes, and can be used as feeder cells to support the growth of undifferentiated hESCs. The ability to produce MSCs from hESCs should prove useful to produce large amounts of genetically identical and genetically modifiable MSCs that can be used to study the biology of MSCs and for therapeutic applications.