gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis and Mapping of the Spatial Spread of African Cassava Mosaic Virus Using Geostatistics and the Kriging Technique (1989)

Lecoustre, R., Fargette, D., Fauquet, C., and de Reffye, P. 1989. Analysis and mapping of the spatial spread of African cassava mosaic virus using geostatistics and the kriging technique. Phytopathology 79: 913-920. Theories of regionalized variables and kriging were used to assess the incidence along the wind-exposed southwest field borders, disease spatial pattern of African cassava mosaic virus (ACMV). A linearlike gradients, and other less obvious features. Up to 60% of the total variance semivariogram without a range characterizes the ACMV distribution and was reconstructed from a 7% sample. Kriging was successfully applied indicates a strongly spatially dependent structure with limited random to characterize the spatial pattern of spread in cassava fields differing variation. Oriented semivariograms reveal a strong anisotropy in relation in planting date, size, arrangement, orientation, and method of sampling. to the prevailing wind direction. Further features of the semivariogram This technique was also efficient when the pattern of spread was and comparisons of semivariograms between fields and between surveys heterogenous, although more intensive surveys were then required. provide additional information and support various hypotheses on the Practical applications of geostatistics and kriging in epidemiology are pattern of spread. From a sample of limited size, kriging reproduced discussed. the main characteristics of the spatial pattern of spread, including higher Spatial patterns of disease level can provide important clues and pedology (21). to the ecology of disease (e.g., direction and distance of spread, African cassava mosaic disease is caused by a whitefly-borne importance and proximity of the sources of virus and vectors, geminivirus (2). The spatial patterns of spread of this disease vector mobility) (20). Patterns must be considered in designing have been studied intensively in the Ivory Coast (5,6) and are sampling methods and sound control measures (8,20). Hence, mainly characterized by gradients oriented in the direction of efficient methods of analysis and interpretation of spatial pattern the prevailing southwest wind. In this article, the theory of are needed to provide the greatest possible information in relation regionalized variables is used to assess the spatial patterns of to the time and effort involved. Past studies of spatial patterns the spread of African cassava mosaic virus (ACMV) in various have relied mostly on methods based on the examination of the cassava fields that differ in total area, subplot size, planting dates, mean and variance or on the frequency distribution of observed and orientation. We also describe the application of kriging to
All-polymeric transient neural probe for prolonged in-vivo electrophysiological recordings (2021)

Transient bioelectronics has grown fast, opening possibilities never thought before. In medicine, transient implantable devices are interesting because they could eliminate the risks related to surgical retrieval and reduce the chronic foreign body reaction. Despite recent progress in this area, the potential of transient bioelectronics is still limited by their short functional lifetime owed to the fast dissolution rate of degradable metals, which is typically a few days or weeks. Here we report that a switch from degradable metals to an entirely polymer-based approach allows for a slower degradation process and a longer lifetime of the transient probe, thus opening new possibilities for transient medical devices. As a proof-of-concept, we fabricated all-polymeric transient neural probes that can monitor brain activity in mice for a few months, rather than a few days or weeks. Also, we extensively evaluated the foreign body reaction around the implant during the probe degradation. This kind of devices might pave the way for several applications in neuroprosthetics.
Global status of Toxoplasma gondii infection: systematic review and prevalence snapshots. (2019)

Our group sought to determine the global status of T. gondii infection and to evaluate any continental and geographical trends by systematically examining the currently available epidemiological data on the prevalence of T. gondii infection. A comprehensive literature search was conducted from 10 electronic databases (Google Scholar, Science Direct, Embase, PubMed, PLOS ONE, Web of Knowledge, SciELO, MyAIS, Free Medical Journals, and Scopus) without date or language restrictions. Specific medical subject heading terms were used to search for human T. gondii seroprevalence studies that recruited subjects from general apparently healthy populations. The data were collated and analysed for both continental and global trends. The search identified 152 published studies that examined a total of 648,010 subjects. From these, 166,255 were seropositive for T. gondii infection indicating an average global seroprevalence rate of 25.7% (95% CI: 25.6 - 25.8%). The overall range of seroprevalence was determined to be 0.5 - 87.7%. African countries had the highest average seroprevalence rate of 61.4%, followed by Oceania with 38.5%, South America with 31.2%, Europe with 29.6%, USA/Canada with 17.5%, and Asia with 16.4%. Numerous environmental and human factors affect the differences in T. gondii seroprevalence rates observed between the various countries and continents. Monitoring the source and transmission may assist public health authorities to clarify the risk factors involved, as well as focus on implementing optimal state-specific health policies targeting T. gondii transmission control.
Microwave Heating of Thin Au Film (2007)

Thin Au film was prepared by sputtering and evaporation methods with a quartz substrate, followed by microwave irradiation in air (frequency of microwave: 2.45 GHz, incident flux of microwave: 563 W, irradiation time: 600 s). As a result, it was confirmed that microwave heating of thin Au film is feasible. The growth of crystalline and particles due to microwave heating was confirmed from AFM observation and XRD analysis.Thin Au film is continuously heated during microwave irradiation, regardless of a preparation method of thin film. Microwave heating depends on the amount of microwave absorption on a thin Au film, which is related to the thickness and microstructure of the thin Au film. The rate of temperature rise depends on the ratio of a thickness to resistivity of thin Au film.
An energy-efficient and scalable eDRAM-based register file architecture for GPGPU (2013)

The heavily-threaded data processing demands of streaming multiprocessors (SM) in a GPGPU require a large register file (RF). The fast increasing size of the RF makes the area cost and power consumption unaffordable for traditional SRAM designs in the future technologies. In this paper, we propose to use embedded-DRAM (eDRAM) as an alternative in future GPGPUs. Compared with SRAM, eDRAM provides higher density and lower leakage power. However, the limited data retention time in eDRAM poses new challenges. Periodic refresh operations are needed to maintain data integrity. This is exacerbated with the scaling of eDRAM density, process variations and temperature. Unlike conventional CPUs which make use of multi-ported RF, most of the RFs in modern GPGPU are heavily banked but not multi-ported to reduce the hardware cost. This provides a unique opportunity to hide the refresh overhead. We propose two different eDRAM implementations based on 3T1D and 1T1C memory cells. To mitigate the impact of periodic refresh, we propose two novel refresh solutions using bank bubble and bank walk-through. Plus, for the 1T1C RF, we design an interleaved bank organization together with an intelligent warp scheduling strategy to reduce the impact of the destructive reads. The analysis shows that our schemes present better energy efficiency, scalability and variation tolerance than traditional SRAM-based designs.
Etudes cinetiques et caracterisation de l'agglomeration dans une precipitation homogene. Application a la synthese d'hydroxycarbonate d'yttrium par decomposition thermique de l'uree (1995)

Le but de cette etude est d'apporter une contribution a la comprehension des processus d'une precipitation, plus particulierement l'agglomeration, afin de maitriser rendement, distribution granulometrique et etat d'agglomeration des particules sortant d'un precipiteur. Le systeme retenu est la synthese d'hydroxycarbonate d'yttrium par precipitation, en solution aqueuse, a partir de nitrate d'yttrium et des produits de decomposition de l'uree, a temperature proche de l'ebullition. Ce systeme conduit a des particules spheriques, dans certains cas monodisperses et non agglomerees. Ce travail est a l'origine d'un certain nombre d'avancees, tant sur le systeme retenu que sur les processus generaux mis en jeu. Ainsi, un modele cinetique de decomposition de l'uree en fonction du ph et de la temperature est developpe. Grace a ce modele et a des essais de precipitation d'hydroxycarbonate d'yttrium, un modele predictif de la cinetique de precipitation est etabli. Un montage original, permettant de suivre en continu l'evolution de la distribution granulometrique dans le reacteur par mesure en diffraction laser est mis au point. L'influence de parametres physico-chimiques (ph, force ionique, concentration en nitrate d'yttrium) et celle d'un parametre hydrodynamique (vitesse d'agitation) sur la cinetique d'agglomeration sont etudiees. Le choix des parametres physico-chimiques est guide par des mesures de potentiel zeta dans diverses conditions. Une nouvelle methode de resolution du bilan de population en presence d'agglomeration, generale et precise, est mise au point. Couplee au bilan matiere, elle permet ainsi de relier le rendement, la distribution granulometrique et l'etat d'agglomeration des particules aux cinetiques de precipitation. Enfin, un modele de cinetique d'agglomeration, tenant compte des phenomenes physico-chimiques et hydrodynamiques est propose
Flow cytometric detection of the mitochondrial BCL‐2 protein in normal and neoplastic human lymphoid cells (1992)

The bcl-2 proto-oncogene, rearranged and deregulated in B-cell lymphomas bearing the t(14;18) translocation, encodes an inner mitochondrial membrane protein that blocks apoptotic cell death. We have developed a sensitive immunofluorescence assay for the single- and multicolor flow cytometric analysis of bcl-2 protein in relation to other markers and cell cycle, based on a fixation-permeation step of cells with paraformaldehyde and Triton X100 and the use of a bcl-2 specific monoclonal antibody (MoAb). As an application of this method, we have examined the expression of bcl-2 in normal and neoplastic lymphoid cells. We have found that greater than 80% of normal T-and B-cells are bcl-2 positive; following in vitro mitogen activation, the bcl-2 reactivity decreased slightly in the former but markedly in latter cells. In both cases the bcl-2 expression was not restricted to a specific phase of the cell cycle, as evidenced by two-color analysis. On lymphoblastoid cell lines, the bcl-2 staining intensity was variable and not necessarily correlated to molecular rearrangements of the bcl-2 gene. Among fresh B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (B-NHL), most sporadic Burkitt's cases were bcl-2 negative. Of four centroblastic-centrocytic cases with rearrangements of the bcl-2 gene, only two presented elevated amounts of bcl-2 protein, indicating that the levels of bcl-2 are not diagnostic of the translocation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Structural basis for sarcolipin’s regulation of muscle thermogenesis by the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ -ATPase (2021)

The sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca<sup>2+</sup>-ATPase (SERCA) plays a central role in muscle contractility and nonshivering thermogenesis. SERCA is regulated by sarcolipin (SLN), a single-pass membrane protein that uncouples Ca<sup>2+</sup> transport from ATP hydrolysis, promoting futile enzymatic cycles and heat generation. The molecular determinants for regulating heat release by the SERCA/SLN complex are unclear. Using thermocalorimetry, chemical cross-linking, and solid-state NMR spectroscopy in oriented phospholipid bicelles, we show that SERCA’s functional uncoupling and heat release rate are dictated by specific SERCA/SLN intramembrane interactions, with the carboxyl-terminal residues anchoring SLN to the SR membrane in an inhibitory topology. Systematic deletion of the carboxyl terminus does not prevent the SERCA/SLN complex formation but reduces uncoupling in a graded manner. These studies emphasize the critical role of lipids in defining the active topology of SLN and modulating the heat release rate by the SERCA/SLN complex, with implications in fat metabolism and basal metabolic rate.
Locating microseismic events using borehole data (2013)

ABSTRACT Constraining microseismic hypocentres in and around hydrocarbon reservoirs and their overburdens is essential for the monitoring of deformation related to hydraulic fracturing, production and injection and the assessment of reservoir security for CO 2 and wastewater storage. Microseismic monitoring in hydrocarbon reservoirs can be achieved via a variety of surface and subsurface acquisition geometries. In this study we use data from a single, subsurface, vertical array of sensors. We test an existing technique that uses a 1D velocity model to constrain locations by minimizing differential S‐to‐P arrival times for individual sensors. We show that small errors in either arrival time picks or the velocity model can lead to large errors in depth, especially near velocity model discontinuities where events tend to cluster. To address this issue we develop two methods that use all available arrival times simultaneously in the inversion, thus maximizing the number of potential constraints from to N , where N is the number of phase picks. The first approach minimizes all available arrival time pairs whilst the second approach, the equal distance time (EDT) method defines the hypocentre as the point where the maximum number of arrival time surfaces intersect. We test and compare the new location procedures with locations using differential S‐to‐P times at each individual sensor on a microseismic data set recorded by a vertical array of sensors at the Ekofisk reservoir in the North Sea. Specifically, we test each procedure's sensitivity to perturbations in measured arrival times and the velocity model using Monte Carlo analysis. In general, location uncertainties increase with increasing raypath length. We show that errors in velocity model estimates are the most significant source of uncertainty in source location with these experiments. Our tests show that hypocentres determined by the new procedures are less sensitive to erroneous measurements and velocity model uncertainties thus reducing the potential for misinterpretation of the results.
68Ga-Bombesin (68Ga-BZH3) and 18F-FDG studies in patients (pts.) with suspected recurrent low-grade gliomas (LGG) (2008)

310 Objectives: Dynamic PET studies with 68Ga-BZH3 and FDG were performed in pts. with suspected recurrent LGG for the diagnosis of tumor recurrence. Methods: The ongoing study comprises 10 pts. with suspected recurrent LGG. Dynamic PET scans using 68Ga-BZH3 and FDG were obtained on two different days within one week. Compartment modeling was used for the PET evaluation. Gene chip analysis (U133A, Affymetrix Co.) was performed in 4 pts. Results: Seven pts. demonstrated an increased Ga-68-BZH3 uptake and a low FDG uptake. In all these cases, tumor recurrence was histologically confirmed. Surgery was performed in 5 pts. and 2 pts. had a stereotactic biopsy. Histology revealed a glioblastoma multiforme WHO°IV in 1 pt., in 5 pts. an astrocytoma WHO°II and in 1 pt. an astrocytoma WHO°III. Three pts. revealed a low 68Ga-BZH3 and FDG uptake. The diagnosis of recurrency was made by the oncologists based on clinical data. One pt. received stereotactic interstitial seeds implantation, one pt. external radiation therapy and another pt. chemotherapy. The median values for 68Ga-BZH3 in the recurrencies were: SUV 1.3, VB: 0.118, K1: 0.179, k3: 0.046. Gene chip analysis revealed an enhanced neuromedin B expression in the evaluated tissue samples, which was correlated with an enhanced 68Ga-BZH3 uptake. Conclusions: 68Ga-BZH3 may be helpful in patients with LGG for the differentiation between tumor recurrence and scar. The enhanced 68Ga-BZH3 seems to correlate to an overexpression of Neuromedin B.
Molecular Analysis of Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Genes Coding for Idiotypic and Anti‐Idiotypic Antibodies Involved in B‐B Cellular Interaction (1992)

We recently reported that a unique B cell clone (B19-1d), specific for a cross-reactive idiotype (CRI) on MOPC104E myeloma protein (M104E), enhances Igh-restricted CRI+ antibody production. In this paper, we report the nucleotide sequences of immunoglobulin heavy chain variable regions (VH) of both M104E and B19-1d-derived hybridoma (HB19) antibodies. The sequence data revealed that both belong to the J558 germ line VH gene subfamily. Strikingly, not only the VH region, but also the leader sequences of M104E and HB19 are very similar to each other at 88% (VH) and 91% (leader) homology, but they use different D and J segments. The VH region sequence similarity is highest among the germ line VH gene sequences of the BALB/c J558 subfamily so far screened. Southern hybridization data, using 5'-noncoding regions of either M104E or HB19 genomic VH gene clones as probes, revealed that both VH genes are conserved in the M104E CRI producer strains of mice. Moreover, these probes show the restriction length polymorphism pattern of mouse VH genes in various strains. That the HB19 VH gene locates to the 5' upper arm of the M104E VH gene on the chromosome was suggested by Southern blot hybridization. Immunoglobulin VH gene restriction of idiotypic and antiidiotypic B-B cellular interaction is discussed from a molecular point of view.
Target Classification and Remote Sensing of Ocean Current Shear Using a Dual-Use Multifrequency HF Radar (2006)

In this paper, we describe a high-frequency (HF) radar capable of multifrequency operation over the HF band for dual-use application to ship classification and mapping ocean current shear and vector winds. The radar is based on a digital transceiver peripheral component interconnect (PCI) card family that supports antenna arrays of four to 32 elements with a single computer, with larger arrays possible using multiple computers and receiver cards. The radar makes use of broadband loop antennas for receive elements, and a number of different possibilities for transmit antennas, depending on the operating bandwidth desired. An option exists in the choice of monostatic or multistatic operation, the latter providing the ability to use several transmit sites, with all radar echo signal reception and processing conducted at a single master receiver site. As applications for such a multifrequency radar capability, we show measurement and modeling examples of multiple frequency HF radar cross section (RCS) of ships as an approach to ship target classification. Results of using 32 radar frequencies to measure the fine structure in ocean current vertical shear are also shown, providing evidence of one edge of a 1-3-m deep uniform flow masked at the surface by wind-driven current shear in a different direction. Other applications of current-shear measurements, such as vector wind mapping and volumetric current estimation in coastal waters, are also discussed
A Functional Correspondence between Evaluators and Abstract Machines (2003)

We bridge the gap between functional evaluators and abstract machines for the lambda-calculus, using closure conversion, transformation into continuation-passing style, and defunctionalization of continuations.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;We illustrate this bridge by deriving Krivine's abstract machine from an ordinary call-by-name evaluator and by deriving an ordinary call-by-value evaluator from Felleisen et al.'s CEK machine. The first derivation is strikingly simpler than what can be found in the literature. The second one is new. Together, they show that Krivine's abstract machine and the CEK machine correspond to the call-by-name and call-by-value facets of an ordinary evaluator for the lambda-calculus.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; We then reveal the denotational content of Hannan and Miller's CLS machine and of Landin's SECD machine. We formally compare the corresponding evaluators and we illustrate some relative degrees of freedom in the design spaces of evaluators and of abstract machines for the lambda-calculus with computational effects.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;For the purpose of this work, we distinguish between virtual machines, which have an instruction set, and abstract machines, which do not. The Categorical Abstract Machine, for example, has an instruction set, but Krivine's machine, the CEK machine, the CLS machine, and the SECD machine do not; they directly operate on lambda-terms instead. We present the abstract machine that corresponds to the Categorical Abstract Machine.
Highly encephalitogenic aquaporin 4-specific T cells and NMO-IgG jointly orchestrate lesion location and tissue damage in the CNS (2015)

In neuromyelitis optica (NMO), astrocytes become targets for pathogenic aquaporin 4 (AQP4)-specific antibodies which gain access to the central nervous system (CNS) in the course of inflammatory processes. Since these antibodies belong to a T cell-dependent subgroup of immunoglobulins, and since NMO lesions contain activated CD4(+) T cells, the question arose whether AQP4-specific T cells might not only provide T cell help for antibody production, but also play an important role in the induction of NMO lesions. We show here that highly pathogenic, AQP4-peptide-specific T cells exist in Lewis rats, which recognize AQP4268-285 as their specific antigen and cause severe panencephalitis. These T cells are re-activated behind the blood-brain barrier and deeply infiltrate the CNS parenchyma of the optic nerves, the brain, and the spinal cord, while T cells with other AQP4-peptide specificities are essentially confined to the meninges. Although AQP4268-285-specific T cells are found throughout the entire neuraxis, they have NMO-typical "hotspots" for infiltration, i.e. periventricular and periaqueductal regions, hypothalamus, medulla, the dorsal horns of spinal cord, and the optic nerves. Most remarkably, together with NMO-IgG, they initiate large astrocyte-destructive lesions which are located predominantly in spinal cord gray matter. We conclude that the processing of AQP4 by antigen presenting cells in Lewis rats produces a highly encephalitogenic AQP4 epitope (AQP4268-285), that T cells specific for this epitope are found in the immune repertoire of normal Lewis rats and can be readily expanded, and that AQP4268-285-specific T cells produce NMO-like lesions in the presence of NMO-IgG.
Presence of atrial fibrillation is associated with liver stiffness in an elderly Finnish population (2017)

There is an association between atrial fibrillation and liver stiffness. This novel association may have multiple explanations and mechanistic links, which are discussed here and need further studies, prospective studies in particular.