gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A chimeric protein encoded by synthetic genes shows toxicity to Helicoverpa armigera and Spodotera littoralis larvae (2013)

Current enzyme-responsive, fluorogenic probes fail to provide in situ information because the released fluorophores tend to diffuse away from the reaction sites. The problem of diffusive signal dilution can be addressed by designing a probe that upon enzyme conversion releases a fluorophore that precipitates. An excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT)-based solid-state fluorophore HTPQ was developed that is strictly insoluble in water and emits intense fluorescence in the solid state, with λ<sub>ex/em</sub> =410/550 nm, thus making it far better suited to use with a commercial confocal microscope. HTPQ was further utilized in the design of an enzyme-responsive, fluorogenic probe (HTPQA), targeting alkaline phosphatase (ALP) as a model enzyme. HTPQA makes possible diffusion-resistant in situ detection of endogenous ALP in live cells. It was also employed in the visualizing of different levels of ALP in osteosarcoma cells and tissue, thus demonstrating its interest for the diagnosis of this type of cancer.
Modified Retro-Tubercle Opening-Wedge Versus Conventional High Tibial Osteotomy (2011)

Despite the fact that common surgical techniques for the treatment of genu varum usually correct the malalignment in the affected knee, these methods have significant complications and cause problems in the long term. Retro-tubercle opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy is among the newer techniques for the treatment of genu varum. The goal of this study was to compare the results of retro-tubercle opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy with those of medial opening-wedge osteotomy. In a randomized, controlled trial, 72 patients with varus knees who were scheduled for surgery were assigned into either the retro-tubercle opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy (n=34) or medial opening-wedge osteotomy groups (n=38). Groups were matched for age and sex. The position of the patella was compared with respect to the tuberosity and the upper tibial slope pre- and postoperatively. Patients were followed for an average of 13 months (range, 10-21 months). In the retro-tubercle opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy group, the length of the patellar tendon did not significantly differ pre- and postoperatively (P≥.5); however, in the medial opening-wedge osteotomy group, a statistically significant shortening was noted in patellar tendon postoperatively (P≤.05). Similarly, the tibial plateau inclination showed a statistically significant difference postoperatively in the medial opening-wedge osteotomy group, while the difference in the retro-tubercle opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy group did not reach statistical significance.
Activation and Repression of Cellular Immediate Early Genes by Serum Response Factor Cofactors (2010)

The induction of expression of many cellular immediate early genes (IEG) involves the transcription factor serum response factor (SRF). Two families of SRF coactivators have also been implicated in IEG induction, the ternary complex factors (TCFs), ELK1, Sap1, and Net, and the myocardin-related factors, MKL1 and MKL2. We found that serum induction of some SRF target genes is preferentially regulated by MKL1/2, whereas others are redundantly activated by both TCFs and MKL1/2. Yet ELK1 can also repress transcription. Binding of ELK1 and MKL1 to SRF has been found to be mutually exclusive in vitro, suggesting that ELK1 could repress expression of IEGs by blocking MKL1 binding. We characterized the in vivo binding of MKL1 and ELK1 to target genes and found an inverse relationship of serum-induced MKL1 binding and serum-decreased ELK1 binding. However, experiments with short hairpin RNA-mediated MKL1/2 depletion and expression of a nuclear MKL1 (N100) variant in stably transfected cells failed to alter ELK1 binding, suggesting that ELK1 binding to target genes is regulated independently of MKL1/2. Nevertheless, we found that short interfering RNA-mediated depletion of TCFs increased target gene expression in cells containing the N100 MKL1 activator, most notably in cells under continuous growth conditions. These results indicate that the TCFs can function both as activators and repressors of target gene expression depending upon the cellular growth conditions.
Defect-mediated resonance shift of silicon-on-insulator racetrack resonators (2011)

We present a study on the effects of inert ion implantation of Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) racetrack resonators. Selective ion implantation was used to create deep-level defects within a portion of the resonator. The resonant wavelength and round-trip loss were deduced for a range of sequential post-implantation annealing temperatures from 100 to 300 °C. As the devices were annealed there was a concomitant change in the resonance wavelength, consistent with an increase in refractive index following implantation and recovery toward the pre-implanted value. A total shift in resonance wavelength of ~2.9 nm was achieved, equivalent to a 0.02 increase in refractive index. The excess loss upon implantation increased to 301 dB/cm and was reduced to 35 dB/cm following thermal annealing. In addition to providing valuable data for those incorporating defects within resonant structures, we suggest that these results present a method for permanent tuning (or trimming) of ring resonator characteristics.
Dissociation of Motor Task-Induced Cortical Excitability and Pain Perception Changes in Healthy Volunteers (2012)

Although different motor tasks involving motor learning with and without visual feedback and simple hand movements appear to change pain perception similarly, it is likely that the neural mechanisms might not be the same as evidenced by differential effects in motor cortex excitability induced by these tasks. In addition, TMS-indexed motor excitability measures are not likely good markers to index the effects of motor-based tasks on pain perception in healthy subjects as other neural networks besides primary motor cortex might be involved with pain modulation during motor training.
Theory of recent observations in Be on melt on Z. (2008)

Abstract not provided.
BioSleeve: A natural EMG-based interface for HRI (2013)

This paper presents the BioSleeve, a new gesture-based human interface for natural robot control. Detailed activity of the user's hand and arm is acquired via surface electromyography sensors and an inertial measurement unit that are embedded in a forearm sleeve. The BioSleeve's accompanying software decodes the sensor signals, classifies gesture type, and maps the result to output commands to an external robot. The current BioSleeve system can reliably decode as many as sixteen discrete hand gestures and estimate the continuous orientation of the forearm. The gestures are used in several modes: for supervisory point-to-goal commands, virtual joystick for teleoperation, and high degree-of-freedom (DOF) mimicked manipulation. We report results from three control applications: a manipulation robot, a small ground vehicle, and a 5-DOF hand.
Great reduction of thermally-induced-birefringence effect in highly Nd/sup 3+/-doped YAG ceramics by laser oscillation (2004)

We have investigated thermally-induced-birefringence effect in Nd:YAG ceramics and found that depolarization loss of highly Nd/sup 3+/-doped ceramics is much larger than that of conventional Nd:YAG single crystals even at the same absorbed pump power under nonlasing condition. In this paper, however, we report that drastic reduction of depolarization loss is realized in highly Nd/sup 3+/-doped YAG ceramics by laser oscillation.
Analysis of XBAR resonance and higher order spurious modes (2019)

A suspended 400nm thin mono-crystalline ZY cut Lithium Niobate (LN) membrane with narrow interdigital electrodes (IDEs) on top having a pitch of the order of few microns excites standing shear bulk acoustic wave resonance (XBAR) within the membrane through lateral field excitation. Recently the first XBAR was simulated and demonstrated experimentally with a resonance frequency of 4800MHz having high electromechanical coupling of about 25% and loaded quality factor at resonance close to 500. This device lays the path to production of RF filters for 5G applications close to 5GHz with low losses and large bandwidth. This work aims to study behavior of the A1 XBAR mode and its higher order lateral harmonics (A1-3, A1-5...) as a function of thickness, pitch and material properties. They are studied with respect to design parameters in order to eliminate spurious modes close to the intended filter band, increase electromechanical coupling and establish guidelines for resonator design.
Modeling longitudinal imaging biomarkers with parametric Bayesian multi‐task learning (2019)

Longitudinal imaging biomarkers are invaluable for understanding the course of neurodegeneration, promising the ability to track disease progression and to detect disease earlier than cross-sectional biomarkers. To properly realize their potential, biomarker trajectory models must be robust to both under-sampling and measurement errors and should be able to integrate multi-modal information to improve trajectory inference and prediction. Here we present a parametric Bayesian multi-task learning based approach to modeling univariate trajectories across subjects that addresses these criteria. Our approach learns multiple subjects' trajectories within a single model that allows for different types of information sharing, that is, coupling, across subjects. It optimizes a combination of uncoupled, fully coupled and kernel coupled models. Kernel-based coupling allows linking subjects' trajectories based on one or more biomarker measures. We demonstrate this using Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) data, where we model longitudinal trajectories of MRI-derived cortical volumes in neurodegeneration, with coupling based on APOE genotype, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and amyloid PET-based biomarkers. In addition to detecting established disease effects, we detect disease related changes within the insula that have not received much attention within the literature. Due to its sensitivity in detecting disease effects, its competitive predictive performance and its ability to learn the optimal parameter covariance from data rather than choosing a specific set of random and fixed effects a priori, we propose that our model can be used in place of or in addition to linear mixed effects models when modeling biomarker trajectories. A software implementation of the method is publicly available.
Accuracy of true frameless stereotaxy: in vivo measurement and laboratory phantom studies (1999)

The authors present the results of accuracy measurements, obtained in both laboratory phantom studies and an in vivo assessment, for a technique of frameless stereotaxy. An instrument holder was developed to facilitate stereotactic guidance and enable introduction of frameless methods to traditional frame-based procedures. The accuracy of frameless stereotaxy was assessed for images acquired using 0.5-tesla or 1.5-tesla magnetic resonance (MR) imaging or 2-mm axial, 3-mm axial, or 3-mm helical computerized tomography (CT) scanning. A clinical series is reported in which biopsy samples were obtained using a frameless stereotactic procedure, and the accuracy of these procedures was assessed using postoperative MR images and image fusion. The overall mean error of phantom frameless stereotaxy was found to be 1.3 mm (standard deviation [SD] 0.6 mm). The mean error for CT-directed frameless stereotaxy was 1.1 mm (SD 0.5 mm) and that for MR image-directed procedures was 1.4 mm (SD 0.7 mm). The CT-guided frameless stereotaxy was significantly more accurate than MR image-directed stereotaxy (p = 0.0001). In addition, 2-mm axial CT-guided stereotaxy was significantly more accurate than 3-mm axial CT-guided stereotaxy (p = 0.025). In the clinical series of 21 frameless stereotactically obtained biopsies, all specimens yielded the appropriate diagnosis and no complications ensued. Early postoperative MR images were obtained in 16 of these cases and displacement of the biopsy site from the intraoperative target was determined by fusion of pre- and postoperative image data sets. The mean in vivo linear error of frameless stereotactic biopsy sampling was 2.3 mm (SD 1.9 mm). The mean in vivo Euclidean error was 4.8 mm (SD 2 mm). The implications of these accuracy measurements and of error in stereotaxy are discussed.
Abfractions: A New Classification of Hard Tissue Lesions of Teeth (1991)

Due to the stresses resulting from biomechanical loading forces exerted on the teeth (static, as in swallowing and clenching or cyclic, as in chewing), both enamel and dentin can chip or break away. This loss of tooth substance, which shall be termed Abfraction, is dependent on the magnitude, duration, direction, frequency, and location of the forces. These abfractive lesions are caused by flexure and ultimate material fatigue of susceptible teeth at locations away from the point of loading. Clinical observation of a variety of enamel and dentin lesions due to the shapes, sizes, loci, and frequency warrants a new and distinct classification.
A Case of Mucinous Cystadenoma in Appendix Performed Laparoscopic Partial Excision of Cecum. (2001)

虫垂粘液嚢胞腺腫に対し, 腹腔鏡下盲腸部分切除を行った症例を経験したので報告する. 症例は67歳の女性. 大腸内視鏡検査で盲腸の粘膜下腫瘍を指摘され当科を受診した. 注腸造影X線検査, 腹部CTにて虫垂粘液嚢腫と診断し, 手術は腹腔鏡下盲腸部分切除を行った. 術後は一過性の回盲部の通過障害が生じたが, とくに大きな合併症は認めなかった. 術後の病理組織診断では虫垂粘液嚢胞腺腫の診断で悪性所見は認めなかった. 虫垂粘液嚢腫が組織学的に良性であっても, 腹膜偽粘液腫の原因となりうるため手術適応となる. 多くは開腹下で虫垂切除や回盲部切除などが行われている. 近年本症に対しても腹腔鏡下手術を行った報告がみられるが, 盲腸部分切除を行った報告は検索したかぎりでは認めなかった. 虫垂粘液嚢腫に対する腹腔鏡下盲腸部分切除は診断的にも価値があり, 安全かつ低侵襲で有用な術式であると思われた.
Increased hippocampal volume in exercising mice: comparison of control conditions with in vivo voxel based morphometry (2018)

Introduction Both human and animal studies have shown that physical exercise (primarily aerobic exercise) may have facilitating effects on brain plasticity and cognition. In rodents, improvements of various forms of learning and memory induced by wheel-running have been associated with numerous neuroplastic changes such as increased hippocampal neurogenesis. A few studies, using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), consistently reported hippocampal volumetric increase relative to non-exercising mice. However, the control group is commonly limited either to a locked wheel or no wheel. Methods In the present study, we intended to test whether 6 weeks of voluntary wheel-running exercise during adulthood induced a detectable volumetric change in mice brain in comparison to non-exercised control mice housed either with a locked wheel or without such wheel. 54 C57Bl6 males were randomly assigned to one of the three groups and individually housed for 6 weeks before imaging session. MRI (Agilent 9.4T) acquisition consisted in 3D T2 volume sequence (voxel size: 0.21 mm isotropic) using a dedicated surface coil receiver. We used Dartel soware for the preprocessing of the data, and the Voxel Based Morphometry was done with SPM mouse toolbox (F test, threshold p < .001 uncor). A small volume correction was applied to limit the analysis to the hippocampus. Results/Discussion VBM analysis shows significant clusters with increased grey matter volume in the hippocampus (cluster sizes 1531 and 3460, p < .001) when we compare the wheel vs locked wheel groups. Regarding the wheel vs no wheel comparison, significant clusters were observed in the hippocampus (cluster sizes 955 and 238, p < .001). Interestingly, no dierences were found when we compare the two control groups (locked wheel vs no wheel). Conclusions In this study, we replicate previous studies depicting an increased hippocampal volume under physical exercise in mice using VBM. Moreover, we certified here that attempting to study the impact of physical exercise on brain volume, control groups with a locked wheel or no wheel are equivalent.
Influence of Microstructure Change on the Superplastic Properties of Ti<sub>3</sub>Al Base Alloy (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Challenges in Procedural Multimodal Machine Comprehension: A Novel Way To Benchmark (2022)

We focus on Multimodal Machine Reading Comprehension (M3C) where a model is expected to answer questions based on given passage (or context), and the context and the questions can be in different modalities. Previous works such as RecipeQA have proposed datasets and cloze-style tasks for evaluation. However, we identify three critical biases stemming from the question-answer generation process and memorization capabilities of large deep models. These biases makes it easier for a model to overfit by relying on spurious correlations or naive data patterns. We propose a systematic framework to address these biases through three Control-Knobs that enable us to generate a test bed of datasets of progressive difficulty levels. We believe that our benchmark (referred to as Meta- RecipeQA) will provide, for the first time, a fine grained estimate of a model&#x2019;s generalization capabilities. We also propose a general M<sup>3</sup>C model that is used to realize several prior SOTA models and motivate a novel hierarchical transformer based reasoning network (HTRN). We perform a detailed evaluation of these models with different language and visual features on our benchmark. We observe a consistent improvement with HTRN over SOTA (~ 18% in Visual Cloze task and ~ 13% in average over all the tasks). We also observe a drop in performance across all the models when testing on RecipeQA and proposed Meta&#x2013;RecipeQA (e.g. 83.6% versus 67.1% for HTRN), which shows that the proposed dataset is relatively less biased. We conclude by highlighting the impact of the control knobs with some quantitative results.
Messenger RNA Expression of Steroidogenesis Enzyme Subtypes in the Human Pilosebaceous Unit (1996)

In order to define the respective involvement of steroidogenesis enzymes subtypes in the control of hair follicle homeostasis, we evaluated, by semiquantitative RT/PCR, the expression levels of mRNAs coding for 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 and type 2, 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, Cyt.P450-aromatase, steroid 5 alpha-reductase type 1 and type 2 and 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. These assays were performed for several components of the pilosebaceous unit (PSU); fresh plucked anagen hairs, sebaceous glands and primary culture of dermal papilla, as well as other tissues involved in an active steroid metabolism (human testis, liver, placenta, prostate, ovary, uterus and adrenals) as controls. We found that plucked hair (i.e. mainly keratinocytes from the inner and outer root sheaths) expressed: (1) very high levels of 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 corresponding to levels found in liver and placenta; (2) high levels of steroid 5-alpha-reductase type 1 corresponding to levels found in testis, liver and ovary, and moderate levels of 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1, which corresponded to the expression in testis, prostate and uterus. In contrast, Cyt.P450-aromatase, 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and steroid 5 alpha-reductase type 2 were poorly expressed in the pilosebaceous unit as compared with other tissues. Interestingly, expression patterns of these enzymes in primary cultures of dermal papilla were distinctive since 5 alpha-reductase type 1 and 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase were the only mRNA detected. Taken together, these results suggest that not only sebaceous gland but also outer root sheath keratinocytes may contribute, through the activity of the steroid 5 alpha-reductase type 1, to the pathogenesis of androgen-dependent alopecia.
Towards a poor readers theatre (1973)

Jerzy Grotowski's dramatic theory is characterized, first by the concept of poor theatre, which reduced basic components of theatre to the interaction of the actor and the audience, and, second, by performance as an act of transgression in which the performer rids himself of his unique personal behavior and is reborn a character. When Grotowski's theory is applied to Readers Theatre, we have a poor Readers Theatre, composed of the literary text, the holy interpreter, and the audience.
Applying Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning to Autonomous Distributed Real-time Scheduling (2013)

Autonomous Distributed Manufacturing Systems (ADMS) have been proposed to realize flexible control structures of manufacturing systems. In the previous researches, a real-time scheduling method based on utility values has been proposed and appliedto the ADMS. In the proposed method, all the job agents and the resource agents evaluate the utility values for the cases where the agent selects the individual candidate agents for the next machining operations. Multi-agent reinforcement learning is newly proposed and implemented to the job agents and resource agents, in order to improve their coordination processes. In the reinforcement learning method, an agent must be able to sense the status of the environment to some extent and must be able to takeactions that affect the status. The agent also must have a goal or goals relating to the status of the environment. The status, the action and the reward are defined for the individual job agents and the resource agents to evaluate the suitable utility values based on the status of the ADMS.
Maximum Classifier Discrepancy for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation (2018)

In this work, we present a method for unsupervised domain adaptation. Many adversarial learning methods train domain classifier networks to distinguish the features as either a source or target and train a feature generator network to mimic the discriminator. Two problems exist with these methods. First, the domain classifier only tries to distinguish the features as a source or target and thus does not consider task-specific decision boundaries between classes. Therefore, a trained generator can generate ambiguous features near class boundaries. Second, these methods aim to completely match the feature distributions between different domains, which is difficult because of each domain's characteristics. To solve these problems, we introduce a new approach that attempts to align distributions of source and target by utilizing the task-specific decision boundaries. We propose to maximize the discrepancy between two classifiers' outputs to detect target samples that are far from the support of the source. A feature generator learns to generate target features near the support to minimize the discrepancy. Our method outperforms other methods on several datasets of image classification and semantic segmentation. The codes are available at https://github.com/mil-tokyo/MCD_DA.
A Fitness Advantage for Aedes aegypti and the Viruses It Transmits When Females Feed Only on Human Blood (1997)

Literature on arthropod-borne diseases has traditionally supported the notion that mosquito vectors maintain a feeding duality that includes vertebrate blood meals for egg development and sugar meals from plants for the synthesis of flight and survival energy reserves. Aedes aegypti was found to deviate from that feeding pattern by obtaining a reproductive advantage when feeding only on human blood. Female mosquitoes fed human blood alone had a greater net replacement rate and intrinsic rate of growth during all phases of their reproductive life than conspecifics fed human blood plus sucrose. Feeding frequently on human hosts during each gonotrophic cycle is necessary to avoid death due to starvation and increases exponentially the spread of Ae. aegypti-borne disease. Our results help explain why Ae. aegypti is such an unusually efficient vector of human disease; frequent biting of humans results in a high reproductive rate for vectors as well as the viruses they transmit.