gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of increasing numbers of phagocytic inclusions on human retinal pigment epithelial cells in culture: a model for aging. (1986)

Cultures of human retinal pigment epithelial cells have been challenged with a number of biological (lipofuscin, melanin, and rod outer segments) and non-biological (latex microspheres) particles at a variety of concentrations. The particles were chosen to include examples of both degradable and non-degradable systems. A range of morphological changes were observed by phase contrast microscopy, and these became more atypical with increasing concentration. At the highest concentration cells had ingested so many particles that many had died and others had ruptured. The time course of these changes indicated a relationship between cellular lytic activity and the capacity of the particle to degrade. The potential of this system as a model for studying senescence is discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Ninhydrin and Ninhydrin Analogs. Syntheses and Applications (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Effect of Single-Dose Rifampin on the Pharmacokinetics of Warfarin in Healthy Volunteers (2010)

Based on in vitro rat and human hepatocyte uptake studies showing inhibition of warfarin uptake in the presence of the nonspecific organic anion-transporting polypeptide (OATP) inhibitor rifampin, a clinical study was conducted in 10 healthy volunteers to examine the in vivo relevance of OATP hepatic uptake on the pharmacokinetics of warfarin. In a randomized, single-dose, two-period, crossover design, subjects received a 7.5-mg dose of warfarin, either alone or immediately following a 600-mg intravenous dose of rifampin. Rifampin did not significantly alter the R- or S-warfarin area under the concentration-time curves (AUCs) from 0 to 12 h (period of hepatic OATP inhibition by rifampin) or the maximum plasma concentration (C(max)) value. AUC(0-∞) was decreased on days rifampin was administered, for both R-warfarin (25% reduction; P < 0.001) and S-warfarin (15% reduction; P < 0.05). No differences were seen in the area under the international normalized ratio (INR)-time curve. Our study suggests that hepatic uptake via OATPs may not be clinically important in the pharmacokinetics of warfarin.
Does Sustained-Release Lithium Reduce Impulsive Gambling and Affective Instability Versus Placebo in Pathological Gamblers With Bipolar Spectrum Disorders? (2004)

Sustained-released lithium may be an effective treatment in reducing both gambling behavior and affective instability in pathological gamblers with bipolar spectrum disorder. This study highlights the need to identify subgroups of pathological gambling patients with bipolar spectrum conditions because this may have important treatment implications.
Les dieux olympiens et la mer (2017)

Issu d’une thèse soutenue il y a une quinzaine d’années, l’ouvrage d’Annick Fenet, préfacé par Madeleine Jost, est une vaste enquête sur les croyances et pratiques religieuses liées à la mer des anciens Grecs, centrée sur les dieux dits olympiens à l’exclusion des divinités marines considérées comme mineures. Sont donc concernés principalement Zeus, Héra, Poséidon, Apollon, Artémis, Athéna, Aphrodite, à l’occasion Déméter, Hermès ou Héphaïstos. Dans la première partie, l’A. rassemble de maniè...
Distinct Metabolic States Are Observed in Hypoglycemia Induced in Mice by Ricin Toxin or by Fasting (2022)

Hypoglycemia may be induced by a variety of physiologic and pathologic stimuli and can result in life-threatening consequences if untreated. However, hypoglycemia may also play a role in the purported health benefits of intermittent fasting and caloric restriction. Previously, we demonstrated that systemic administration of ricin toxin induced fatal hypoglycemia in mice. Here, we examine the metabolic landscape of the hypoglycemic state induced in the liver of mice by two different stimuli: systemic ricin administration and fasting. Each stimulus produced the same decrease in blood glucose and weight loss. The polar metabolome was studied using <sup>1</sup>H NMR, quantifying 59 specific metabolites, and untargeted LC-MS on approximately 5000 features. Results were analyzed by multivariate analyses, using both principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), to identify global metabolic patterns, and by univariate analyses (ANOVA) to assess individual metabolites. The results demonstrated that while there were some similarities in the responses to the two stimuli including decreased glucose, ADP, and glutathione, they elicited distinct metabolic states. The metabolite showing the greatest difference was O-phosphocholine, elevated in ricin-treated animals and known to be affected by the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α. Another difference was the alternative fuel source utilized, with fasting-induced hypoglycemia primarily ketotic, while the response to ricin-induced hypoglycemia involves protein and amino acid catabolism.
Comparative analysis of the structure of two thermotropic LC copolyesters (1996)

Abstract A comparative study of the structures of two thermotropic liquid crystal copolyesters (LCP) was carried out. The first copolymer, LCP-1, comprises three different monomer units of equal length, whereas the second copolymer, LCP-2, contains two monomer units which differ significantly in length. Both copolymers exhibit random structure. It was established that despite the irregular structure both copolymers have the ability to crystallize. Moreover, during crystallization of LCP-1 microphase separation into two phases occurs. Each phase has an orthorhombic crystal structure but with slightly different parameters of the unit cell. The reason for this difference is probably associated with configuration isomerism because of possible head-to-head or head-to-tail additions during synthesis of the copolyester. Upon annealing, the maximum degrees of crystallinity are 35% and 25% for LCP-1 and LCP-2, respectively. The noncrystalline fraction of the material, whose content exceeds appreciably the content of the crystalline phase, shows a LC smectic structure. However, the fundamental difference between the two copolymers is that, in the case of LCP-1, the periodic layer structure is observed, whereas for LCP-2 the layer structure is aperiodic. The above phenomena are universal, and this makes it possible to predict the structure and character of temperature behavior of any representative of the class of fully aromatic rigid-chain copolyesters only from the chemical formula of the copolymer.
Long‐term prophylaxis in severe factor VII deficiency (2015)

In the literature and in our experience, prophylaxis can be considered in patients with severe FVII deficiency and severe bleeding phenotype. A dose of 10-30U/kg (pdFVII) or 20-30 microg/kg (rFVIIa) twice or three times/week is usually administrated, but dose and frequency can be tailored based on the clinical follow-up of the patients. Since hemarthrosis is a frequent manifestation, a suggestion to improve the outcomes of patients with severe FVII deficiency is to monitor joint condition in order to identify early arthropathy that could be another indication to start secondary prophylaxis.
Novel Turns and Helices in Peptides of Chiral α-Aminoxy Acids (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTNovel Turns and Helices in Peptides of Chiral α-Aminoxy AcidsDan Yang, Jin Qu, Bing Li, Fei-Fu Ng, Xue-Chao Wang, Kung-Kai Cheung, De-Ping Wang, and Yun-Dong WuView Author Information Departments of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 3, 589–590Publication Date (Web):January 9, 1999Publication History Received17 July 1998Published online9 January 1999Published inissue 1 January 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja982528yhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja982528yrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views862Altmetric-Citations107LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Amides,Chemical structure,Nucleic acid structure,Oligomers,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
Markov Random Field Based Automatic Image Alignment for Electron Tomography (2007)

Cryo electron tomography (cryo-ET) is the primary method for obtaining 3D reconstructions of intact bacteria, viruses, and complex molecular machines ([7],[2]). It first flash freezes a specimen in a thin layer of ice, and then rotates the ice sheet in a transmission electron microscope (TEM) recording images of different projections through the sample. The resulting images are aligned and then back projected to form the desired 3-D model. The typical resolution of biological electron microscope is on the order of 1 nm per pixel which means that small imprecision in the microscope's stage or lenses can cause large alignment errors. To enable a high precision alignment, biologists add a small number of spherical gold beads to the sample before it is frozen. These beads generate high contrast dots in the image that can be tracked across projections. Each gold bead can be seen as a marker with a fixed location in 3D, which provides the reference points to bring all the images to a common frame as in the classical structure from motion problem. A high accuracy alignment is critical to obtain a high resolution tomogram (usually on the order of 5-15nm resolution). While some methods try to automate the task of tracking markers and aligning the images ([8],[4]), they require user intervention if the SNR of the image becomes too low. Unfortunately, cryogenic electron tomography (or cryo-ET) often has poor SNR, since the samples are relatively thick (for TEM) and the restricted electron dose usually results in projections with SNR under 0 dB. This paper shows that formulating this problem as a most-likely estimation task yields an approach that is able to automatically align with high precision cryo-ET datasets using inference in graphical models. This approach has been packaged into a publicly available software called RAPTOR-Robust Alignment and Projection estimation for Tomographic Reconstruction.
Reperasure: replication protocol using erasure-code in peer-to-peer storage network (2003)

Peer-to-peer overlay networks offer a convenient way to host an infrastructure that can scale to the size of the Internet and yet stay manageable. These overlays are essentially self-organizing distributed hash tables (DHT). The dynamic nature of the system, however, poses serious challenges of data reliability. Furthermore, in order to see wider adoption, it is time to design support for generic replication mechanisms capable of handling arbitrary update requests - most of the existing proposals are deep archival systems in nature. Utilizing the fact that DHT can function as a super-reliable and high performance disk when data stored inside are erasure coded, we believe practical and simple protocols can be designed. In this paper, we introduce the reperasure protocol, a layer on top of the basic DHT, which efficiently supports strong consistency semantic with high availability guarantee. By relieving the DHT layer out of replication duo, inside, a cleaner overall architecture can be derived because of the clear division of responsibility.
Numerical Analysis of Gas Exchange and Combustion Process in a Small Two-Stroke Gasoline Engine (2001)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper analyses the scavenge process of a conventional two-stroke engine in order to find ways to significantly reduce the scavenge losses by applying a combination of 1D and 3D simulation procedures. A special evaluation method was developed which allows a clear distinction between the main hydrocarbon loss mechanisms. Furthermore, the paper presents an approach to simulate the highly turbulent combustion at a speed of 9000 rpm. The results of the numerical investigations are compared with experimental results.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The engine chosen for this purpose was a 64 cm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; four-port production two-stroke engine. The CFD calculations were performed using the finite volume CFD code STAR-CD. The mesh generation process was automated using pro*am. Combustion was modelled with the one-equation Weller flamelet model.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The results of the present study show that the combination of 1D and 3D simulation procedures is a powerful tool for further investigations (e.g. stratified charge, GDI).&lt;/div&gt;
Electrophysiology In Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (1997)

Sudden arrhythmic death is a feature of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), and it occurs predominantly in adolescence and early adulthood. Patients who are resuscitated from ventricular fibrillation may go on to enjoy many years of good-quality life; therefore, prediction of the risk of sudden death is a major goal in the management of the disease. Achievement of this goal has been hampered by a lack of understanding of the mechanisms of arrhythmias in HCM. Hence, there is a lack of suitable methods to determine whether a particular individual is at risk of having arrhythmias. Programmed electrical stimulation, which has been reported in three major studies involving 331 patients, has a low-positive predictive accuracy. Between 22 and 33% of patients test positive in that they develop unstable ventricular arrhythmias that require defibrillation. This raises a difficult problem in management. Only 10% of the patients who test positive will die suddenly. Therefore, there is a large cohort of patients who appear to be at risk of sudden death and require prophylactic treatment but who will not, in fact, die. A new technique that measures the degree of ‘fractionation’ of paced ventricular electrograms is described. This technique is an attempt to measure the electrophysiologic effects of the characteristic histologic changes in HCM in creating slowed and discontinuous conduction that may cause a re-entrant substrate. Results from a total of 200 patients with noncoronary disease, which include 140 patients with HCM, indicate that slowed and discontinuous conduction, as shown by fractionation, is associated with an increased risk of sudden death. Although the role of electrophysiology in HCM is still unclear, this new technique holds promise for identification and treatment of patients at high risk of sudden death.
Prediction and Testing of Antigenic Sites of the Aids Virus HTLV-III, Recognized by T-Lymphocytes for the Development of Possible Synthetic Vaccine (1990)

Whether the immune protective mechanisms against AIDS involve antibodies or cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) or both, helper T cells will be necessary to induce either type of response. Also, it is likely that CTL will be essential to control infection by destroying infected monocytes and macrophages which provide a reservoir of virus and from which virus can spread from cell to cell without ever being freely extracellular where it would be accessible to antibody. For these reasons, T-cell immunity of both the helper and cytotoxic types will be essential goals of any vaccine strategy. Whole virus and subunits prepared from virus may be too dangerous to use as vaccine candidates. Much work has focused on recombinant forms of the envelope protein. However, the whole envelope protein has certain disadvantages even when made by recombinant DNA technology.
Results From a Multiple Ascending Dose Study in Healthy Volunteers of ACD856, a Positive Modulator of Neurotrophin Trk‐Receptors (2022)

Abstract Background ACD856 is a novel positive allosteric modulator of Trk‐receptors in clinical development for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease and other disorders where cognition is impaired. The aim of this study was to assess the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of multiple ascending doses of ACD856. Method 24 healthy volunteer subjects were administered ACD856 or placebo as a daily oral solution over 7 days in 3 cohorts of stepwise ascending doses. After each dose, the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of ACD856 were assessed by an internal Safety Review Committee to decide on the escalation of dose to the next cohort. Result There were no clinically significant changes from baseline in mean ECG, vital signs, physical examination findings, clinical chemistry, haematology, coagulation, or urinalysis parameters after receiving the 7 daily doses of ACD856. Occasional individual abnormal laboratory values were observed but all were assessed as not clinically significant. Most of the reported adverse events were of mild intensity, only a few were of moderate intensity and none of severe intensity. No serious adverse events were reported. The pharmacokinetic data confirmed the findings from the previously performed single ascending dose (SAD) study, including that ACD856 has a rapid absorption, long half‐life, high bioavailability, and a linear dose‐dependent exposure. The C max at steady state was approximately 1.6‐fold higher than the initial dose administration and no time‐dependent clearance was observed. Moreover, initial CSF data confirms CNS exposure of ACD856. Further PK, CSF and pharmacodynamic data will be shown at the time of presentation. Conclusion ACD856 was shown to be safe and well tolerated in man at the tested dose levels and with a suitable pharmacokinetic profile for further clinical development. In the next step, ACD856 will be evaluated in a phase Ib study with the aim to further assess pharmacodynamic effects.
The Preparation of Sodium Alkyl Sulfonates (1935)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Preparation of Sodium Alkyl SulfonatesR. M. Reed and H. V. TartarCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1935, 57, 3, 570–571Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1935Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1935https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01306a055RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1480Altmetric-Citations51LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (235 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Hematopoiesis in the rat: Quantitation of hematopoietic progenitors and the response to iron deficiency anemia (1986)

Abstract To determine the quantitative effects of iron deficiency on erythropoiesis and to assess the response of erythroid progenitors to sustained anemia, we developed quantitative assays for various hematopoietic progenitors in the adult, Sprague‐Dawley rat including erythroid colony‐ and burst‐forming cells (CFU‐E and BFU‐E), granulocyte/macrophage colony‐forming cells (CFU‐GM), and megakaryocytic colony‐forming cells (CFU‐Meg). CFU‐E were cultured in methylcellulose and grew best in the presence of fetal calf serum. CFU‐GM, BFU‐E, and CFU‐Meg grew better in normal rat plasma and required the presence of pokeweed mitogen‐stimulated rat spleen cell conditioned medium. The numbers of progenitors and nucleated erythroblasts in total marrow were estimated by the ratios of radioactivity in the humerus to the total skeleton as determined by radioiron dilution. The numbers of progenitors and erythroblasts in the spleen were measured by simple dilution. Sustained anemia was brought about through chronic iron deficiency. The response to iron deficiency anemia (IDA) was monitored by the numbers of the various progenitors and their cell cycle characteristics as measured by the tritiated thymidine suicide technique. With IDA, the number of CFU‐E in the body (marrow plus spleen) was increased to 3.5 times control, whereas the numbers of BFU‐E and CFU‐GM were unchanged. There was no difference in the percentage of CFU‐E, BFU‐E, and CFU‐GM in DNA synthesis (68%, 19.4%, and 18.8%, respectively). With iron therapy of IDA, CFU‐E numbers in marrow began to decrease by day 1 and fell in a manner reciprocal to changes in the hematocrit. Marrow and spleen erythroblasts, 1.7 times control in IDA, increased further to 3.9 times control by the fourth day after iron administration. There was no change in BFU‐E or CFU‐GM numbers in response to iron repletion, although the fraction of progenitors increased in the spleen. Thus, IDA does not limit the increase in CFU‐E seen with anemia, but does restrict erythroid maturation. Furthermore, the increase in CFU‐E and the state of chronic anemia occur without detectable changes in the number or cell cycle state of the more primitive BFU‐E.
Full-Length Infectious Clones of Two New Isolates of Tomato Mosaic Virus Induce Distinct Symptoms Associated with Two Differential Amino Acid Residues in 128-kDa Protein (2019)

In 2017, two new tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) isolates were collected from greenhouses in Buyeo, Chungcheongnam-do, South Korea. Full-length cDNAs of the new ToMV isolates were cloned into dual cauliflower mosaic virus 35S and T7 promoter-driven vectors, sequenced and their pathogenicities investigated. The nucleotide sequences of isolates GW1 (MH507165) and GW2 (MH507166) were 99% identical, resulting in only two amino acid differences in nonconserved region II and the helicase domain, Ile668Thr and Val834Ile. The two isolates were most closely related to a ToMV isolate from Taiwan (KJ207374). Isolate GW1 (Ile668, Val834) induced a systemic hypersensitive response in <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i> compared with the isolate GW2, which a single residue substitution showed was due to Val834.