gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Breast and other cancer dormancy as a therapeutic endpoint: speculative recombinant T cell receptor ligand (RTL) adjuvant therapy worth considering? (2010)

Recombinant T cell receptor ligand therapy of diagnosed cancer would keep all metastatic deposits microscopic for as long as the therapy is continued without limit and could be pursued as one method of cancer control. Improving the outcome of therapy by preventing the development of metastases is perhaps achievable more readily than curing patients with overt metastases.
Precomputation-based guarding for dynamic and leakage power reduction (2004)

We present a precomputation-based guarding technique to reduce both dynamic and static power consumptions in CMOS VLSI circuits. More precisely, a high threshold sleep transistor is placed in series with some portions of the circuit. Based on the input values of the circuit, the sleep transistor is turned on and off, thus, saving both dynamic and static power. We show how to apply this technique to a number of common arithmetic blocks, including comparators, adders and multipliers. Finally, dynamic guarding and sleep transistor activity reduction techniques for improving the performance of the method are presented. Experimental results show 81% reduction in the power consumption of data path modules of a commercial VLIW processor can be achieved using our techniques. This is 20% higher than what has been achieved by previous methods.
Multi-viz data fusion VAST 2010 Grand Challenge award: Outstanding debrief (2010)

In response to the 2010 VAST Grand Challenge our team developed an analytical pipeline combining manual analysis with automated entity extraction and visualization tools to gain insight into the complex source documents associated with a fictional illegal arms dealing network spanning multiple countries. This data was then integrated with data hospital records information and genetic data from the associated virus to determine the origin of the outbreak, and to identify how it was spread to various countries. Using our methodologies we surmised that a Ukrainian group served as the central mediators for a variety of deals, and that these deals culminated in a meeting that was attended by representatives from most of the identified countries in this network. One of the early attendees of these meetings was infected with this Drafa Fever virus and subsequently spread it to other attendees who then spread the disease in their respective countries upon returning home. While this scenario was fictitious, the methods developed could be applied to real-world scenarios, and with some improvements, in near real-time which could potentially allow decision makers to prevent a future pandemic.
Sorting Nexin 10 as a Key Regulator of Membrane Trafficking in Bone-Resorbing Osteoclasts: Lessons Learned From Osteopetrosis (2021)

Bone homeostasis is a complex, multi-step process, which is based primarily on a tightly orchestrated interplay between bone formation and bone resorption that is executed by osteoblasts and osteoclasts (OCLs), respectively. The essential physiological balance between these cells is maintained and controlled at multiple levels, ranging from regulated gene expression to endocrine signals, yet the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms are still poorly understood. One approach for deciphering the mechanisms that regulate bone homeostasis is the characterization of relevant pathological states in which this balance is disturbed. In this article we describe one such "error of nature," namely the development of acute recessive osteopetrosis (ARO) in humans that is caused by mutations in sorting nexin 10 (SNX10) that affect OCL functioning. We hypothesize here that, by virtue of its specific roles in vesicular trafficking, SNX10 serves as a key selective regulator of the composition of diverse membrane compartments in OCLs, thereby affecting critical processes in the sequence of events that link the plasma membrane with formation of the ruffled border and with extracellular acidification. As a result, SNX10 determines multiple features of these cells either directly or, as in regulation of cell-cell fusion, indirectly. This hypothesis is further supported by the similarities between the cellular defects observed in OCLs form various models of ARO, induced by mutations in SNX10 and in other genes, which suggest that mutations in the known ARO-associated genes act by disrupting the same plasma membrane-to-ruffled border axis, albeit to different degrees. In this article, we describe the population genetics and spread of the original arginine-to-glutamine mutation at position 51 (R51Q) in SNX10 in the Palestinian community. We further review recent studies, conducted in animal and cellular model systems, that highlight the essential roles of SNX10 in critical membrane functions in OCLs, and discuss possible future research directions that are needed for challenging or substantiating our hypothesis.
Leonard C. Drake—His Contributions to the Development of Mercury Porosimetry for Catalyst Characterization (1983)

Preparation of controlled porosity materials becomes an increasingly important function in catalyst research and preparation. Mercury porosimetry is a unique characterization technique since it permits measurement of the full range of pore diameters. The contributions that Dr. Leonard C. Drake made to the design and construction of the first instrument and in showing the utility of the technique are reviewed. Diffusion plays an important role in heterogeneous catalysis. All too frequently the impact of diffusion on experimental results is not recognized, even by experts in catalysis. In 1939 Thiele gave a clear account of the role that heterogeneous catalyst particle size may play on the rate of catalyzed reactions (1). While this appears to be the first widely circulated publication, as well as the first one to make an important impact on the role of diffusion in heterogeneous catalysis, it was not the first one. Likewise, even though it was
Radiation exposure to personnel performing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (2005)

It is suggested that personnel as well as patients may be exposed to significant values of radiation during ERCP. The study emphasises the need to carefully assess the indication for, and to use measures that minimise radiation exposure during any fluoroscopic procedure.
A log-domain /spl mu/beamformer for medical ultrasound imaging systems (2005)

A fully differential, Class-AB, log domain microbeamformer has been designed in a 60 GHz Si-Ge BiCMOS process. The demonstrated microbeamformer has four input channels and four delays, though the concept can easily be extended to any desirable configuration. The log domain, Class-AB architecture is perfect for medical ultrasound applications due to the fact that the received ultrasound signal has very low amplitude during the major part of the reception period. This leads to very low power consumption because of the Class-AB configuration. The delay-line in the microbeamformer is constructed using a cascade of low input impedance allpass filter cells. A simple implementation of the zero in the allpass filter helps to keep the overall power consumption low. The delay of each allpass filter cell is programmable through the adjustment of a tuning current. Due to the Class-AB architecture used, every source signal must be shaped by a signal preconditioning circuit before connected to the filter cells. A well-known preconditioning circuit has been modified to increase the dynamic range. The modification introduces noise cancellation as well as a method to increases the maximum signal swing. The dynamic range of one preconditioning cell is shown to increase 12.6 dB compared to the classic translinear circuit at a penalty of 15% increase in the power consumption. Signal-to-noise ratio of one allpass filter cell is typically 56.5 dB, and the global dynamic range of the same cell is typically 63.8 dB at an average power consumption of 3.5 mW when 16 input signals are connected to the filter. The power consumption at maximum signal amplitude for the microbeamformer having four input channels and four delays is 3.2 mW with a supply voltage of 2.5 V. In the intended application, the quiescent power consumption is a much better description of the average power consumption. This power consumption is 1.3 mW.
Light-emitting devices based on a poly(p-phenylene vinylene) derivative with ion-coordinating side groups (1999)

We report the phase-separation and the optoelectronic properties of an alternating poly(p-phenylene vinylene)-based copolymer, to which poly(ethylene oxide), PEO, and or lithium triflate are added. The alternating units of this copolymer (DB-BTEM-PPV) are 2,3-dibutoxy-1,4-phenylene vinylene, and 2,5-bis(triethoxymethoxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene, a moiety containing side groups allowing ion solvation and transport. Upon addition of the ion-transporting polymer PEO to DB-BTEM-PPV blended with lithium triflate, we have found a sizeable efficiency increase (from 0.9 to 1.5 cd/A), with a concomitant increase of the response time. We propose that this is due to solvation and complexation of lithium triflate by the PEO, which simultaneously reduces the quenching of photoluminescence (and electroluminescence) efficiency by the ionic charge, and the effectiveness of formation of highly doped, low-barrier, polymer/electrode interfaces. We discuss charge transport and injection in the copolymer and in the blend with reference to the diodes characteristics, and to the phase separation of PEO, which we investigated with atomic force microscopy.
<title>One-step Lippmann holographic stereogram</title> (1992)

A recording system of one-step Lippmann holographic stereogram with horizontal parallax only is proposed. This system has the capability to be extended to an automatic natural color HS synthesis system by using lasers with different wavelengths. As an initial experiment, monochromatic Lippmann HS is synthesized using a He-Ne laser. A sharp 3D image is reconstructed from the Lippmann HS when it is illuminated with a small white light source. Furthermore, in order to minimize blur of the reconstructed image, an image processing technique is also introduced in this paper.
135. The constitution of lupeol (1941)

E. R. H. Jones and R. J. Meakins, J. Chem. Soc., 1941, 757 DOI: 10.1039/JR9410000757
EMMPRIN‐induced MMP‐2 activation cascade in human cervical squamous cell carcinoma (2006)

Tumor progression and recurrence of cervical cancer is associated with upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2). We evaluated the location, origin and activity of MMP-2 in cervical squamous cell carcinomas in comparison with MT1-MMP (MMP-14), TIMP-2 and extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN). Positive immunostaining for MMP-2 in malignant cells was detected in 83% of the patients. Two patterns of tumor cell MMP-2 staining were observed: either homogenous in all tumor cells or confined to the cells neighboring the stroma (tumor-border staining pattern, TBS). Fluorescence in situ zymography showed active MMP-2 mainly around tumor nodules displaying TBS. The MMP-2 staining of TBS tumors correlated significantly with the presence of TIMP-2 and MT1-MMP, proteins involved in docking MMP-2 to the cell surface and essential for MMP-2 activation. In situ mRNA hybridization in TBS tumors demonstrated more abundant presence of MMP-2 mRNA in neighboring myofibroblasts than in the adjacent tumor cells. Moreover, the TBS MMP-2 pattern correlated with the presence of EMMPRIN (p = 0.023), suggesting that tumor cells induce MMP-2 production in nearby stromal cells. This pro-MMP-2 could subsequently be activated on tumor cells via the presence of MT1-MMP and TIMP-2. The biological relevance of this locally activated MMP-2 was underscored by the observation that only the TBS pattern of MMP-2 significantly correlated with decreased survival. In conclusion, the colocalization of EMMPRIN, MT1-MMP and TIMP-2 in human cervical carcinomas seems to be involved in a specific distribution pattern of tumor cell bound MMP-2, which is related with local proteolytic activity and therefore might be associated with worse prognosis of the patients.
Qubit measurement by a quantum point contact: A quantum Langevin-equation approach (2006)

We employ a quantum Langevin-equation approach to establish Bloch-type dynamical equations, on a fully microscopic basis, to investigate the measurement of the state of a coupled quantum dot qubit by a nearby quantum point contact. The ensuing Bloch equations allow us to analyze qubit relaxation and decoherence induced by measurement, and also to determine the noise spectrum of the meter output current with the help of a quantum regression theorem, at arbitrary bias voltage and temperature. Our analyses attempt to provide a clear resolution of a recent debate concerning the occurrence of a quantum oscillation peak in the noise spectrum.
In vitro effects of Laccaria bicolor S238 N and Pseudomonas fluorescens strain BBc6 on rooting of de-rooted shoot hypocotyls of Norway spruce (1998)

The ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccaria bicolor S238 N and the bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens BBc6 were used separately and in combination to induce in vitro rooting of de-rooted shoot hypocotyls of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.). When the culture medium was supplemented with tryptophan, a precursor of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) synthesis, the presence of the ectomycorrhizal fungus increased the percentage of hypocotyls forming roots; furthermore, both the fungal and bacterial inoculations enhanced the number of roots formed per rooted hypocotyl. Similar results were obtained by adding exogenous IAA (5 and 10 &mgr;M) to the rooting medium. After the rooting phase, the fungal inoculation enhanced adventitious root elongation and branching as well as the aerial growth of the cuttings. Pseudomonas fluorescens BBc6 had no effect on these parameters. The production of IAA by pure cultures of L. bicolor S238 N and P. fluorescens BBc6 was estimated by immunochemical analysis using specific anti-IAA antibodies. Both L. bicolor S238 N and P. fluorescens BBc6 synthesized IAA in pure culture and synthesis was stimulated in the presence of tryptophan. Thus, the effect of the fungus in stimulating adventitious root formation and subsequent elongation and branching can be attributed, at least partially, to the synthesis of IAA by the fungus. The finding that P. fluorescens BBc6 had no effect on root elongation and branching although it produced IAA suggests that either IAA was not the only parameter involved in the stimulation of these processes by L. bicolor S238 N or the bacterium produced other compounds that counteracted the stimulatory effects of IAA on root elongation and branching.
Road is Enough! Extrinsic Calibration of Non-overlapping Stereo Camera and LiDAR using Road Information (2019)

This paper presents a framework for the targetless extrinsic calibration of stereo cameras and Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) sensors with a non-overlapping Field of View (FOV). In order to solve the extrinsic calibrations problem under such challenging configuration, the proposed solution exploits road markings as static and robust features among the various dynamic objects that are present in urban environment. First, this study utilizes road markings that are commonly captured by the two sensor modalities to select informative images for estimating the extrinsic parameters. In order to accomplish stable optimization, multiple cost functions are defined, including Normalized Information Distance (NID), edge alignment and, plane fitting cost. Therefore a smooth cost curve is formed for global optimization to prevent convergence to the local optimal point. We further evaluate each cost function by examining parameter sensitivity near the optimal point. Another key characteristic of extrinsic calibration, repeatability, is analyzed by conducting the proposed method multiple times with varying randomly perturbed initial points.
Fluorometric sensing of alkali metal and alkaline earth metal cations by novel photosensitive monoazacryptand derivatives in aqueous micellar solutions (2005)

Novel monoazacryptand-type fluorescent chemosensors, (derived from an 18-crown-6) and (derived from a 15-crown-5) both with a pyrene ring as their photoresponsive moiety, were synthesized. Their fluorescence properties for alkali metal and alkaline earth metal cations in water were then examined. The detection of metal cations was accomplished by a change in the fluorescence intensity of the host compounds, based on a photoinduced electron transfer (PET) mechanism. In aqueous solution, showed little fluorescence upon the addition of Ba2+ because of the very weak complexation with Ba2+, but the presence of micelles of polyoxyethylene(10) isooctylphenyl ether (Triton X-100) enabled to show highly sensitive and selective Ba2+ detection among alkali metal and alkaline earth metal cations. With respect to the selective fluorescent detection of important metal cations (Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+) relevant to living organisms, was found to detect K+ with high selectivity in aqueous micellar solutions of polyoxyethylene(20) sorbitan monostearate (Tween-60). The selectivity for metal cations was mainly dependent on the goodness of fit of the host cavity and the metal cation size. In the presence of anionic surfactants, detected alkaline earth metal cations more effectively than alkali metal cations.
Interactions of Antimicrobial Peptides with Bacterial Membranes and Membrane Components (2015)

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have attracted considerable recent interest as potential therapeutics, motivated by increasing resistance development against conventional antibiotics. This brief overview summarizes some key aspects related to the interaction of AMPs with bacterial and cell membranes, as well as with membrane components, which is at the core of the mode-of-action of these compounds. Throughout, studies on peptide interactions with model lipid membranes and membrane components are correlated to biological results on antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects of AMPs, and translated into therapeutic considerations.
Abstract P5-21-05: Withdrawn (2018)

Abstract This abstract was withdrawn by the authors.
Effects of Intraluminal Trypsin and Bile on the Exocrine and Endocrine Pancreas After Pancreaticobiliary Diversion and Biliodigestive Shunt (2000)

Pancreaticobiliary diversion (PBD) and biliodigestive shunt (BDS) cause long-standing hypercholecystokininemia followed by pancreatic hyperplasia. These changes have been suggested to be due to the lack of intraluminal trypsin and bile, respectively, in the upper small intestine. The aim of these experiments was to study the effect of restoration of intraluminal trypsin and bile on plasma levels of cholecystokinin (CCK) and the changes found in exocrine and endocrine pancreas after PBD and BDS. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. PBD was done in 16 rats, eight of which had trypsin dissolved in 50 mM sodium bicarbonate (SB), and eight had SB only by gastric intubation twice daily. BDS was done in another 16 rats, eight of which had bile dissolved in SB, and eight had SB in a similar manner. Sham-operated rats had SB and served as controls. After 4 weeks, the rats were killed, and the concentrations of circulating CCK, gastrin, glucose, glucagon, and insulin were determined. The pancreas was removed, weighed, and analyzed for contents of water, protein, and DNA. In another study, PBD-operated rats got trypsin in varying dosages or trypsin and taurocholate in combination for 2 weeks before death. The concentrations of plasma CCK and glucagon were elevated after both PBD and BDS. PBD decreased the concentration of gastrin in plasma. PBD caused an increase of pancreatic weight and the contents of protein and DNA. Trypsin substitution to PBD-operated rats did not affect plasma CCK or glucagon levels, but the PBD-induced increases in weight and DNA content were counteracted by trypsin. Higher dosages of trypsin did not further influence the effects seen after PBD. Pancreatic weight and DNA content were increased after BDS. Bile administration completely abolished the increase in plasma CCK and glucagon, as well as the gain in pancreatic weight, and reduced the increase in pancreatic DNA. Substitution with bile to BDS-operated rats abolished the increase in the plasma levels of CCK and glucagon, as well as the trophic effects on the pancreas. Trypsin substitution to PBD-operated rats partly reversed the trophic effects on the pancreas but not the hormonal changes in plasma. Thus the trophic effects on the pancreas exerted by BDS seem to be dependent on the lack of bile in the upper small intestine, whereas the effects of PBD only partly are a consequence of the absence of intraluminal trypsin.
Silicon opto-electronic wavelength tracker based on an asymmetric 2x3 Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (2014)

In this paper we report on the experimental demonstration of a Silicon-on-Insulator opto-electronic wavelength tracker for the optical telecommunication C-band. The device consist of a 2x3 Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) with 10 pm resolution and photo-detectors integrated on the same chip. The MZI is built interconnecting two Multimode Interference (MMI) couplers with two waveguides whose length difference is 56 mm. The first MMI has a coupling ratio of 95:05 to compensate for the propagation loss difference corresponding to the 56 mm. The wavelength tracker design provides three complementary, with 120◦ phase relations, responses. The MZI optical responses exhibit rejection as good as 15 dB, thanks to asymmetric design for the input coupler. Synchronized recorded DC electronic responses for the three photo-detector outputs reproduce the MZI de-phased characteristic, allowing for monitoring wavelength changes with sign.
A High-Magnetic-Field Polarized 3He Target for Jefferson Lab’s CLAS12 Spectrometer (2022)

We are developing a polarized 3 He target concept for use in high luminosity electron scattering experiments in the high magnetic field environment of Jefferson Lab's CLAS12 spectrometer. By combining recent advancements in metastability exchange optical pumping of 3 He with cryogenic, double-cell target methods such as those used for the MIT-Bates 88-02 experiment, a target with polarization and gas density comparable to traditional, low-field polarized 3 He targets can be reached within high magnetic fields. We have established a new 3 He pumping system at JLab, and are preparing for our first tests exploring polarization performance versus magnetic field and gas pressure in a single cell before we move to the construction of a full, cryogenic, double-cell prototype target.