gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low-Variance Multitaper MFCC Features: A Case Study in Robust Speaker Verification (2012)

In speech and audio applications, short-term signal spectrum is often represented using mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) computed from a windowed discrete Fourier transform (DFT). Windowing reduces spectral leakage but variance of the spectrum estimate remains high. An elegant extension to windowed DFT is the so-called multitaper method which uses multiple time-domain windows (tapers) with frequency-domain averaging. Multitapers have received little attention in speech processing even though they produce low-variance features. In this paper, we propose the multitaper method for MFCC extraction with a practical focus. We provide, first, detailed statistical analysis of MFCC bias and variance using autoregressive process simulations on the TIMIT corpus. For speaker verification experiments on the NIST 2002 and 2008 SRE corpora, we consider three Gaussian mixture model based classifiers with universal background model (GMM-UBM), support vector machine (GMM-SVM) and joint factor analysis (GMM-JFA). Multitapers improve MinDCF over the baseline windowed DFT by relative 20.4% (GMM-SVM) and 13.7% (GMM-JFA) on the interview-interview condition in NIST 2008. The GMM-JFA system further reduces MinDCF by 18.7% on the telephone data. With these improvements and generally noncritical parameter selection, multitaper MFCCs are a viable candidate for replacing the conventional MFCCs.
Endolymphatic Sac Obstruction Biochemical Studies (1977)

Inner ear fluids were studied biochemically in guinea pigs from 1 to 16 weeks after producing endolymphatic hydrops by obstructing the endolymphatic duct. Fluid collected from beneath the footplate showed changes of 50% of the animals indicating distension of the saccule. There was an increase in potassium concentration and decrease in sodium concentration of the collected fluid, indicating a traumatic mixing of endolymph and perilymph produced by rupture of the saccule during collection of the fluid. The smallest changes occurred at one week, and the greatest changes were found four months after endolymphatic sac obstruction. Similar findings were observed in studying inner ear fluids obtained from patients with Ménière's disease. Cochlear endolymph showed biochemical alterations after endolymphatic duct blockage. There was a two- to three-fold increase in sodium concentration and a decrease in potassium concentration with the total ionic concentration remaining approximately the same. Some guinea pigs showed similar changes in vestibular endolymph. This study indicates that in the guinea pig, endolymph obtained in the distended endolymph compartment has a slightly different sodium-potassium ratio as compared to the normal ear. In patients with Ménière's disease there may also be an elevation of endolymph sodium concentration. The significance of this change and hearing loss observed in experimental endolymphatic hydrops and Ménière's disease is open to speculation at the present time.
Recycling of neodymium enhanced by functionalized magnetic ferrite (2018)

This study systematically evaluates Neodymium (Nd) recovery from actual seawaters and wastewater using functionalized magnetic ferrite (3-mercaptopropionic acid-tetraethyl orthosilicate ferrite, MPA-TEOS-ferrite). The recovery of Nd by MPA-TEOS-ferrite displayed an L-shaped nonlinear isotherm, suggesting limiting binding sites on the adsorbent surface. At room temperature, a significant recovery of Nd by MPA-TEOS-ferrite increased from 8.99% to 99.99% with increasing pH (2.89-8.16) and an enhanced maxima Nd recovery capacity was observed on MPA-TEOS-ferrite (25.58 mg/g) when compared with pure ferrite (22.27 mg/g). The L3-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectra for the adsorbents collected after Nd recovery indicated that Nd(III) was still the predominant oxidation species on the surface of MPA-TEOS-ferrite. Only slightly change in the oxidation state or electronic structure around the Nd ions could be found during the adsorption process. Importantly, no significant change was found on Nd recovery while the NaCl ionic strength increased from 0.01 to 0.5 N. Furthermore, the results also displayed that the synthesized MPA-TEOS-ferrite has a great potential in efficient and rapid recovery of Nd from seawaters and wastewater.
Studies of a Scalable Electronic Readout Design for a 100 ps Coincidence Time Resolution TOF-PET System (2020)

We have developed a scalable detector readout design for a 100 ps coincidence time resolution (CTR) TOF- PET system. The basic PET detector elements are based on 3×3×10 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> “LGSO” scintillation crystals sidecoupled to arrays of three 3×3 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> SiPMs. We employed a novel mixed-signal front-end electronic configuration and a low timing jitter FPGA-based TDC for data acquisition. Coincidence data were experimentally acquired for several SiPM bias voltages, comparator thresholds, and timing channels. Before final optimizations, the measured CTR was 103.3 ± 1.5 ps for 3×3×10 mm3 fast LGSO crystals. Furthermore, this readout architecture is scalable to modules and eventually a clinical system with a goal to achieve 100 ps CTR.
Adsorption and gas-chromatographic properties of silver-modified silicas (2011)

Ag0 and Ag(I) nanoparticles are immobilized on the surface of a macroporous silica and amino silica. The adsorption kinetics of a basic dye, methylene blue (MB), from aqueous solutions and the adsorption isotherms of alkyne phenylacetylene from an octane solution are measured. The dependence of the rate constants of MB adsorption on the conditions of immobilization and silver reduction is considered. Silica containing immobilized Ag(I) is shown to have a high adsorption activity with respect to phenyl acetylene. By gas chromatography, it is shown that silver-modified silica has a higher selectivity with respect to alkenes. The reduction of silver on the silica surface and the complexation of silver ions with aminopropyl groups of amino silica lead to a significant decrease in the selectivity of composites.
Exact Complex Source Point Beam Expansions for Electromagnetic Fields (2011)

Complex source point (CSP) beams (or CSPBs) are known to be exact solutions of Maxwell's equations. Hence they can be used as basis functions to represent the electromagnetic fields generated by arbitrary sources. In this work, it is shown that any fully vector electromagnetic field can be represented exactly as an expansion of CSPBs originating from a relatively arbitrary surface enclosing the sources. Three different variants of the CSPB representation are first considered for a spherical expansion surface and their properties are discussed. It is shown that the CSPB expansion set can be conveniently truncated by selecting only the significantly contributing beams for efficient field calculations. The CSPB representations are next extended to the case of relatively arbitrary expansion surfaces. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate and compare the convergence and efficiency of the three approaches.
Vertical fracture detection by exploiting the polarization properties of ground-penetrating radar signals (2004)

Abstract Vertically oriented thin fractures are not always detected by conventional single-polarization reflection profiling ground-penetrating radar (GPR) techniques. We study the polarization properties of EM wavefields and suggest multipolarization acquisition surveying to detect the location and azimuth of vertically oriented fractures. We employ analytical solutions, 3D finite-difference time-domain modeling, and field measurements of multipolarization GPR data to investigate EM wave transmission through fractured geologic formations. For surface-based multipolarization GPR measurements across vertical fractures, we observe a phase lead when the incident electric-field component is oriented perpendicular to the plane of the fracture. This observation is consistent for nonmagnetic geologic environments and allows the determination of vertical fracture location and azimuth based on the presence of a phase difference and a phase lead relationship between varying polarization GPR data.
Identification of disease-causing mutations allows for unbiased estimation of their overlooked pleïotropic effects on related quantitative traits. (2011)

« RILOUKE ! » Tares et Pathologies à Composante Héréditaire en Race Blanc-Bleu Belge, Vers le Développement d’un Réseau Intégré de Lutte
Amperometric Glucose Sensors Based on Immobilized Glucose Oxidase-Polyquinone System (1994)

Non-cross-linked and also cross-linked poly(ether amine quinone)s were prepared and tested for their efficiency as electron-transfer relay systems in amperometric glucose biosensors. Cyclic voltammetry and constant applied potential measurements showed that poly(ether amine quinone) relay systems efficiently mediated electron transfer from reduced glucose oxidase to a conventional carbon paste electrode. Sensors containing these relay systems respond rapidly to low (< 0.1 mM) glucose concentrations and reach steady-state current responses in less than 1 min. Electrodes constructed with cross-linked polymer and glucose oxidase were stable, indicating that the glucose oxidase was trapped in the polymer matrix and did not freely diffuse away from the electrode surface into aqueous solutions. The cross-linked polymer is a large molecular system which facilitates a flow of electrons from enzyme to the electrode, acting as an electron-transfer relay system and not as a diffusional mediator.
Novel HLA associations with outcomes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis exposure and sarcoidosis in individuals of African ancestry using nearest‐neighbor feature selection (2022)

This is the accepted manuscript version of the work published in its final form as Dawkins, B. A., Garman, L., Cejda, N., Pezant, N., Rasmussen, A., Rybicki, B. A., Levin, A. M., Benchek, P., Seshadri, C., Mayanja‐kizza, H., Iannuzzi, M. C., Stein, C. M., &amp; Montgomery, C. G. (2022). Novel hla associations with outcomes of &lt;i&gt;mycobacterium tuberculosis&lt;/i&gt; exposure and sarcoidosis in individuals of african ancestry using nearest'neighbor feature selection. <em>Genetic Epidemiology</em>, <em>46</em>(7), 463-474. https://doi.org/10.1002/gepi.22490 Deposited by shareyourpaper.org and openaccessbutton.org. We've taken reasonable steps to ensure this content doesn't violate copyright. However, if you think it does you can request a takedown by emailing help@openaccessbutton.org.
Direct observation of the ylides formed upon reaction of cyclopentadienylidene with acetic anhydride, dimethyl carbonate, ethyl acetate and acetone (1996)

Cyclopentadienylidene was studied by laser flash photolysis (LFP) techniques. LFP of diazocyclopentadiene in acetic anhydride, acetaldehyde, acetone, dimethyl carbonate, ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, dimethyl sulfide and pyridine produces UV-visible active ylides. The first reports of the direct detection of carbene—anhydride, carbene-aldehyde, carbene-amide and carbene-carbonate ylides are presented. The spectra and the lifetimes of these ylides are reported.
Long-range Spin–Spin Coupling Constants from Amino Protons and 15N to Ring Protons in Aniline-15N and Some Derivatives. INDO Molecular Orbital Calculations (1972)

A complete analysis (8-spins) is given of the p.m.r. spectrum of aniline- 15 N, of the spectra of some haloanilines- 15 N and of 2-aminoacetophenone- 15 N. Intermolecular exchange of the amino protons is slow enough for observation of their spin–spin coupling to the ring protons. The magnitudes of the coupling constants between amino protons and 15 N or ring protons are a measure of the geometry of the amino group. This is not true of the couplings between 15 N and the ring protons. Long-range couplings computed in the CNDO/2 and INDO approximations of molecular orbital theory show points of agreement with experiment. For example, their signs and magnitudes are consistent with a nonplanar but not with a planar conformation of aniline. Couplings from 15 N to ring protons are also computed for nitrobenzene.
Fabrication of a Uniform Low Temperature Poly-Si TFT Array by Optimized Field Aided Lateral Crystallization (2009)

In this study, a 2 in. Ni field aided lateral crystallization (FALC) poly-Si thin-film transistor (TFT) (120 x 240) array was fabricated at the maximum process temperature of 500 C using an optimized current density distribution design. We investigated the correlation between crystallization and transistor characteristics in terms of transistor position in the array. Because an identical current density in the channel region of each pixel transistor was favorable to achieve uniform crystallization, an optimal common electrode design was chosen via Mathcad simulation. After the crystallization process, it was confirmed that the crystallinity variation in the transistor channels agreed well with the predicted simulation results. Furthermore, the positional variation in important transistor parameters in the array showed a good match with that of crystallization. The mean threshold voltage was 5.9 V (Delta V(th) = +/- 0.2 V) while the mean mobility was 92.5 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) with a variation of 9.8%. These values suggested that the uniform Ni-FALC poly-Si TFT arrays fabricated by the optimal design of the electrode were applicable to the active matrix organic light emitting display backplane. (C) 2009 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3244212] All rights reserved.
DELTRON: Neuromorphic architectures for delay based learning (2012)

We present a neuromorphic spiking neural network, the DELTRON, that can remember and store patterns by changing the delays of every connection as opposed to modifying the weights. The advantage of this architecture over traditional weight based ones is simpler hardware implementation without multipliers or digital-analog converters (DACs). The name is derived due to similarity in the learning rule with an earlier architecture called Tempotron. We present simulations of memory capacity of the DELTRON for different random spatio-temporal spike patterns and also present SPICE simulation results of the core circuits involved in a reconfigurable mixed signal implementation of this architecture.
Demonstration of Virtual Inertia Emulation Using Energy Storage Systems to Support Community-Based High Renewable Energy Penetration (2018)

Due to widespread utilization of renewable energy sources (RESs), communities with high RESs penetration are facing a new stability issue as the power converters-based RESs create the significant lack of inertia power, causing system instability and power blackouts. To overcome the problem, this paper presents a novel application of virtual inertia emulation using energy storage systems (ESS) to emulate inertia power, improving frequency performance and stability. The derivative control method has been applied for advanced-level control of inertia emulation. Therefore, the proposed technique has a second order characteristic, which generates virtual inertia power into the community-based high RESs penetration, improving dynamic frequency stability and avoiding power blackouts. The effects of virtual inertia control gain against the system stability-based high RESs penetration are also investigated. The efficiency of the proposed technique over stability enhancement has been evaluated through a microgrid test system considering high penetration level of RESs in different scenarios. This work also demonstrates a detailed needs-assessment of community-based high RESs which can influence the potential sustainable energy solution.
The Perspective on Failure and Direction of Approach (2013)

The failure of materials comprises the ultimate non-linearity. The elusive goal has always been, and still is, to prescribe the limits of the load-bearing tolerance of materials without failure, under all conceivable stress states and for all types of materials. The physical basis for a predictive capability in these matters must be integral to the failure theory, and the associated mathematical statements of the conditions of safety or failure—the failure criteria—must be direct and easy to use. On a finer scale and in most basic terms, failure represents the absolute cessation of the linear range of behavior for elastic materials under load. The longstanding obstacles to progress are discussed, followed by the indicators for possible advancements using the modern tools of theoretical description. A broad-gage approach is directed toward application to all the major types of engineering materials. The guides for utility emphasize the advantages of unfolding the theory in a step-by-step, sequential manner, resulting in a comprehensive treatment of the subject. The book is intended for advanced-level instruction as well as a reference source for both research and applications.
Wave Propagation in a Three-Dimensional, Fully-Nonlinear Numerical Wave Tank Based on Multi-transmitting Formula Coupled Damping Zone Method (2011)

The objective of this work is to develop a novel numerical model solving the coupled internal sloshing and external sea-keeping interaction for small/medium liquefied natural gas (LNG) carrier. Currently, the work focuses on simulating wave propagation in a three-dimensional (3D) fully-nonlinear numerical wave tank (NWT) to model the sea. When simulating the nonlinear wave propagation through an unbounded domain in the time domain, it is necessary to truncate the computational domain artificially into a finite domain in order to reduce computational costs. Thus, non-reflecting radiation boundary condition is required for the truncated surface, however, there is no exact non-reflecting condition in existence. In this work, wave propagation in a 3D fully nonlinear NWT is studied based on the fully-nonlinear velocity potential theory. The governing Laplace equation with fully nonlinear boundary conditions on the moving free surface is solved using the indirect desingularized boundary integral equation method (DBIEM). The fourth-order predictor-corrector Adams-Bashforth-Moulton scheme (ABM4) and mixed Eulerian-Lagrangian (MEL) method are used for the time-stepping integration of the free surface boundary conditions. A smoothing algorithm, B-spline, is applied to eliminate the possible saw-tooth instabilities. An effective multi-transmitting formula coupled damping zone (MTF+DZ) radiation condition is employed to minimize wave reflection on the truncated surface. The numerical results are compared with analytical solutions. It is shown that MTF+DZ method can be used for simulating fully-nonlinear, irregular wave propagation.
A dynamic model of social network formation (2000)

We consider a dynamic social network model in which agents play repeated games in pairings determined by a stochastically evolving social network. Individual agents begin to interact at random, with the interactions modeled as games. The game payoffs determine which interactions are reinforced, and the network structure emerges as a consequence of the dynamics of the agents' learning behavior. We study this in a variety of game-theoretic conditions and show that the behavior is complex and sometimes dissimilar to behavior in the absence of structural dynamics. We argue that modeling network structure as dynamic increases realism without rendering the problem of analysis intractable.
Use of 1 H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance To Measure Intracellular Metabolite Levels during Growth and Asexual Sporulation in Neurospora crassa (2011)

Conidiation is an asexual sporulation pathway that is a response to adverse conditions and is the main mode of dispersal utilized by filamentous fungal pathogens for reestablishment in a more favorable environment. Heterotrimeric G proteins (consisting of α, β, and γ subunits) have been shown to regulate conidiation in diverse fungi. Previous work has demonstrated that all three of the Gα subunits in the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa affect the accumulation of mass on poor carbon sources and that loss of gna-3 leads to the most dramatic effects on conidiation. In this study, we used (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to profile the metabolome of N. crassa in extracts isolated from vegetative hyphae and conidia from cultures grown under conditions of high or low sucrose. We compared wild-type and Δgna-3 strains to determine whether lack of gna-3 causes a significant difference in the global metabolite profile. The results demonstrate that the global metabolome of wild-type hyphae is influenced by carbon availability. The metabolome of the Δgna-3 strain cultured on both high and low sucrose is similar to that of the wild type grown on high sucrose, suggesting an overall defect in nutrient sensing in the mutant. However, analysis of individual metabolites revealed differences in wild-type and Δgna-3 strains cultured under conditions of low and high sucrose.
Oncolytic virus immunotherapy: future prospects for oncology (2018)

It is imperative for the modern immuno-oncologist to understand the biological processes underlying the immune dysregulation in cancer as well as the effects, uses, and limitations of oncolytic viruses. It will be with this foundational understanding that the future of oncolytic viral therapies and their delivery can be refined to forge future horizons in the direct modulation of the tumor bed.
A layered approach to deformable modeling and animation (2002)

Our approach integrates three mechanisms needed to model and animate deformable objects: controlling mechanisms, geometric surface deformation, and mesh refinement. Most approaches focus either modeling the physically correct behavior or alternative representations for deformable models. This results in a set of method specific algorithms that best represents a particular class of deformable objects. By encapsulating each process, our system introduces the interface that allows one to integrate existing controllers in a modular fashion. We demonstrate this in our system by instantiating a hardware accelerated free form deformation for geometric deformation and midpoint subdivision for mesh refinement. Finally, we discuss the available options for the controlling mechanisms and show how this approach leads to a generalizable framework.
Structure and creep rupture properties of directionally solidified eutectic gamma/gamma-prime-alpha alloy (1982)

A simple ternary gamma/gamma-prime-alpha alloy of nominal composition (wt-%) Ni-32Mo-6Al has been directionally solidified at 17 mm/h and tested in creep rupture at 1073, 1173, and 1273 K. A uniform microstructure consisting of square-shaped Mo fibers in a gamma + gamma-prime matrix was found despite some variation in the molybdenum and aluminum concentrations along the growth direction. Although the steady-state creep rate is well described by the normal stress temperature equation, the stress exponent (12) and the activation energy (580 kJ/mol) are high. The rupture behavior is best characterized by the Larson-Miller parameter where the constant equals 20.