gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cd-doping effects in Ni–Mn–Sn: experiment and ab-initio study (2022)

Abstract Martensitic transformation (MT), magnetic properties, and magnetocaloric effect (MCE) in Heusler-type Ni 47 Mn 40 Sn 13− x Cd x ( x = 0, 0.75, 1, 1.25 at. %) metamagnetic shape memory alloys (MetaMSMAs) are investigated, both experimentally and theoretically, as a function of doping with Cd. Ab-initio computations reveal that the ferromagnetic (FM) configuration is energetically more favorable in the cubic phase than the antiferromagnetic (AFM) state in undoped and doped alloys as well. Moreover, it is revealed that the alloys in the ground state exhibit a tetragonal structure confirming the existence of MT, in agreement with the experiments. It was indicated, both in theory and practice, that a reduction of the unit cell volume and an increase of the MT temperature as a function of the Cd doping. Indirect estimations of MCE in the vicinity of MT were carried out by using thermomagnetization curves measured under different magnetic fields up to 5 T. The results demonstrated that the doped alloys exhibit enhanced values of the inverse MCE comparable with those of Ni-Mn-based MetaMSMAs. Maximum magnetic entropy change in a field change of 2 T increases from 3.0 <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mtext>J</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mtext>.k</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mtext>g</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mtext>1</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mtext>K</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mtext>1</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> for the undoped alloy to 3.4 and 5.0 <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mtext>J</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mtext>.k</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mtext>g</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mtext>1</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mtext>K</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mtext>1</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> for the alloys doped with 0.75 and 1 at.% of Cd, respectively. The inverse and conventional MCE were explored by direct measurements of the adiabatic temperature change under the magnetic field change of 1.96 T. The Cd doping increased the maximum of inverse MCE by nearly 78% from 0.9 K to 1.6 K for the undoped and doped alloys, respectively. The results depicted that Cd doping can effectively tailor the structural, magnetic, and MCE properties of the Ni–Mn–Sn MetaMSMAs.
An object storage model for the truffle language implementation framework (2014)

Truffle is a Java-based framework for developing high-performance language runtimes. Language implementers aiming at developing new runtimes have to design all the runtime mechanisms for managing dynamically typed objects from scratch. This not only leads to potential code duplication, but also impacts the actual time needed to develop a fully-fledged runtime.
EPR study of conduction electrons in heavily doped n‐type 4H SiC (2011)

Abstract The magnetic properties of conduction electrons (CE) in heavily doped n‐type 4H SiC have been studied with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) in the temperature interval from 7 to 140 K. An EPR line with “Dyson lineshape” was observed in 4H SiC wafers with ( N D – N A ) ≈ 10 19 cm −3 . The EPR line is composed of two overlapping lines with Lorentzian and Dysonian lineshape, which are responsible for the localized and delocalized spin systems attributed to electrons localized on the nitrogen donors (LE) and CE, respectively. The Dysonian line is characterized by an asymmetry parameter R . The coupling between the two spin systems, which are characterized by S = 1/2 is realized via an exchange interaction of CE with the LE. As a result the g ‐factor of the Dysonian spectral line is governed by an exchange interaction between LE and CE and was evaluated as g || = 2.0045, g ⟂ = 2.0003. The temperature dependence of the integral intensity of the CE EPR signal is described by the sum of Curie–Weiss and Pauli paramagnetism. The Curie‐like contribution arises from unpaired spins in the impurity band of heavily doped 4H SiC, while a Pauli‐like contribution that becomes noticeable at T &gt; 80 K indicates the presence of the CE in the conduction band. From the analysis of the temperature dependence of R ( T ) and the linewidth Δ H ( T ) of the CE EPR signal the activation energy of the CE into the conduction band was estimated to be 39.4 meV. The obtained value of the activation energy coincides with that for nitrogen donors forming an impurity band in heavily doped n‐type 4H SiC. Thus, the temperature behavior of the CE spin system in highly doped 4H SiC can be interpreted in terms of electrons that are freely moving over the impurity and conduction band. The CE present in the impurity band are strongly coupled with LE by cross‐relaxation processes.
Thermal Effects of Laser Diode End-pumped Multi-segmented Slab Laser (2009)

Two kinds of methods to design multi-segmented slab are proposed and the thermal effects of laser diode end-pumped multi-segmented slab laser are investigated.The temperature and stress distributions in laser crystal have been calculated by FEA.The results proved that the multi-segmented slab had lower temperature peaks,lower mechanical stress peaks and higher the maximum incident pump power for a given length compared with constant doping slab.The multi-segmented slab is beneficial to power scaling of laser diode end-pumped slab laser.
Leam: An Interactive System for In-situ Visual Text Analysis (2020)

With the increase in scale and availability of digital text generated on the web, enterprises such as online retailers and aggregators often use text analytics to mine and analyze the data to improve their services and products alike. Text data analysis is an iterative, non-linear process with diverse workflows spanning multiple stages, from data cleaning to visualization. Existing text analytics systems usually accommodate a subset of these stages and often fail to address challenges related to data heterogeneity, provenance, workflow reusability and reproducibility, and compatibility with established practices. Based on a set of design considerations we derive from these challenges, we propose Leam, a system that treats the text analysis process as a single continuum by combining advantages of computational notebooks, spreadsheets, and visualization tools. Leam features an interactive user interface for running text analysis workflows, a new data model for managing multiple atomic and composite data types, and an expressive algebra that captures diverse sets of operations representing various stages of text analysis and enables coordination among different components of the system, including data, code, and visualizations. We report our current progress in Leam development while demonstrating its usefulness with usage examples. Finally, we outline a number of enhancements to Leam and identify several research directions for developing an interactive visual text analysis system.
Operative Digital Enhancement of Macular Pigment during Macular Surgery (2023)

Optimized digital filters could be used to enhance MP and pigmented epiretinal tissue visualization during macular surgery. These filters open new horizons for future research and should be evaluated in larger series and correlated with intraoperative OCT.
Sources and Risk Factors for Nitrate and Microbial Contamination of Private Household Wells in the Fractured Dolomite Aquifer of Northeastern Wisconsin (2021)

These findings may inform policies to minimize contamination of the Silurian dolomite aquifer, a major water supply for the U.S. and Canadian Great Lakes region. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP7813.
A New Carburization Resistant Alloy for Ethylene Pyrolysis Furnace Tubes (2002)

Abstract A new wrought alloy has been developed for use as furnace tubes in ethylene pyrolysis plants. This alloy has an excellent carburization resistance due to uniform formation of protective Al2O3 oxide scale on the metal surface. At temperatures between 1000°C and 1150°C, laboratory corrosion tests have been carried out to evaluate carburization resistance of the developed alloy. Commercial austenitic stainless steels used for furnace tubes were tested for comparison. In a simulated carburizing environment of 15vol%CH4-3%CO2-82%H2 gas mixture, the developed alloy has a three times better carburization resistance than the conventional austenitic stainless steels containing more than 25mass% chromium and high silicon at evaluated temperatures. Another laboratory test has been conducted to clarify carburization and coking resistance under conditions of cyclic carburization and oxidation environments. Carbon ingress and coke deposition of conventional alloys forming chromium oxide scale increased with increasing heat cycles, whereas the developed alloy remained unchanged. Based on these results, carburization and coking behavior of alloys used as ethylene pyrolysis furnace tubes has been explained.
Antagonism of collagen-induced ECG changes in rats by a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, CV-4151. (1986)

Ten weeks old male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. One mg/kg of a calfskin type III collagen was injected into a tail vein under pentobarbital anesthesia, and the electrocardiogram (ECG) was recorded via leads I, II and III for 10 min. Abnormal ECG patterns, i.e., ST-T changes and incidence of arrhythmia, were shown after collagen injection, and some rats suffered cardiac arrest. Oral administration of (E)-7-phenyl-7-(3-pyridyl)-6-heptenoic acid (CV-4151), a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, at the dose of 10 mg/kg two hr before the collagen injection made the ST-T changes small, and it reduced the incidence of cardiac arrest. The effect of CV-4151 was greater than that of 30 mg/kg of ticlopidine with the same type of treatment. Neither CV-4151 nor ticlopidine had any affect on collagen-induced decreases in the blood platelet count. However, plasma thromboxane (TX) B2 level in the CV-4151-treated group was very low in comparison with those in both the control and ticlopidine-treated groups at 10 min after the collagen injection. These findings indicate that TXA2 may contribute, at least partly, to the collagen-induced ECG changes and indicate that CV-4151 might be a favorable agent for the prevention of TXA2-mediated cardiac ischemia.
The role of second triples states in solution photochemistry. III. 9,10-Dichloroanthracene-sensitized isomerization of stilbenes. The question of energy transfer between intimately associated molecular pairs (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe role of second triples states in solution photochemistry. III. 9,10-Dichloroanthracene-sensitized isomerization of stilbenes. The question of energy transfer between intimately associated molecular pairsRobert S. H. LiuCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1968, 90, 7, 1899–1900Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01009a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01009a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views44Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Evaluation of Polarization Composite Type Omnidirectional Antenna in Actual Environment (2018)

In this paper, we report the result of an evaluation of a polarization composite type omnidirectional antenna in an actual outdoor environment. The sky side lobe of the proposed antenna is smaller than that of a conventional antenna. The proposed antenna was found to be effective at improving the SNR and channel capacity edge of cell.
Joint Channel and Frequency Offset Estimation for Oversampled Perfect Reconstruction Filter Bank Transceivers (2014)

Recently, DFT-based oversampled perfect reconstruction filter banks (OPRFB), as a special form of filtered multitone, have shown great promises for applications to multicarrier modulation. Still, accurate frequency synchronization and channel equalization are needed for their reliable operation in practical scenarios. In this paper, we first derive a data-aided joint maximum likelihood (ML) estimator of the carrier frequency offset (CFO) and the channel impulse response (CIR) for OPRFB transceiver systems operating over frequency selective fading channels. Then, by exploiting the structural and spectral properties of these systems, we are able to considerably reduce the complexity of the proposed estimator through simplifications of the underlying likelihood function. The Cramer Rao bound on the variance of unbiased CFO and CIR estimators is also derived. The performance of the proposed ML estimator is investigated by means of numerical simulations under realistic conditions with CFO and frequency selective fading channels. The effects of different pilot schemes on the estimation performance for applications over time-invariant and mobile time-varying channels are also examined. The results show that the proposed joint ML estimator exhibits an excellent performance, where it can accurately estimate the unknown CFO and CIR parameters for the various experimental setups under consideration.
Reactive Ion Etching of Silicon Oxides with Ammonia and Trifluoromethane. The Role of Nitrogen in the Discharge (1982)

A 4% , RIE discharge accurately reproduced micron‐sized features in or P‐glass/Si substrates which had been patterned with either photoresist or x‐ray trilevel resist. Etch rates of up to 600 and 1200 Å/min were obtained with and P‐glass, respectively; etch rate ratios for and P‐glass/Si were approximately 15 and 30, respectively. Erosion of the resist was slow enough that it did not interfere with pattern transfer. In addition, no undercutting occurred and sidewalls in etched features were nearly vertical. Ammonia inhibited fluorocarbon polymer deposition by reaction with any deposit formed to make volatile cyanogen derivatives. Moreover, moderated deterioration of the resist by the plasma.
Dose Frequency Ranging Pharmacokinetic Study of Tenofovir-Emtricitabine After Directly Observed Dosing in Healthy Volunteers to Establish Adherence Benchmarks (HPTN 066) (2020)

Oral preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) trials report disparate efficacy attributed to variable adherence. HPTN 066 was conducted to establish objective, quantitative benchmarks for discrete, regular levels of adherence using directly observed dosing of tenofovir (TFV) disoproxil fumarate (TDF)/emtricitabine (FTC). Healthy, HIV-uninfected men and women were randomized to one of four oral regimens of fixed-dose TDF 300 mg/FTC 200 mg tablet for 5 weeks with all doses observed: one tablet weekly (one/week), one tablet twice weekly (two/week), two tablets twice weekly (four/week), or one tablet daily (seven/week). Trough serum TFV and FTC, peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC), and CD4+ TFV-diphosphate (TFV-DP) and FTC-triphosphate (FTC-TP) concentrations were determined throughout dosing and 2 weeks after the last dose. Rectosigmoidal, semen, and cervicovaginal samples were collected for drug assessment at end of dosing and 2 weeks later in a subset of participants. The 49 enrolled participants tolerated the regimens well. All regimens achieved steady-state concentrations by the second dose for serum TFV/FTC and by 7 days for PBMC TFV-DP/FTC-TP. Steady-state median TFV-DP predose concentrations demonstrated dose proportionality: one/week 1.6 fmol/106 PBMCs, two/week 9.1, four/week 18.8, seven/week, 36.3. Further, TFV-DP was consistently quantifiable 2 weeks after the last dose for the ≥4/week regimens. Adherence benchmarks were identified using receiver operating characteristic curves, which had areas under the curve ≥0.93 for all analytes in serum and PBMCs. Intersubject and intrasubject coefficients of variation (%CV) ranged from 33% to 63% and 14% to 34%, respectively, for all analytes in serum and PBMCs. Steady-state PBMC TFV-DP was established earlier and at lower concentrations than predicted and was the only analyte demonstrating predose concentration dose proportionality. Steady-state daily dosing serum TFV and PBMC TFV-DP was consistent with highly effective PrEP clinical trials. HPTN 066 provides adherence benchmarks for oral TFV/FTC regimens to assist interpreting study outcomes.
Estimating the effect of LED spectra on EQE measurement in solar cells (2016)

Light emitting diodes (LED) are increasingly being used as light sources in studying solar cells due to their high power and bulb lifetimes. While LEDs provide higher power, they have a comparatively broad emission spectrum. This study compares the effect of using an LED based illumination on measurements of the external quantum efficiency (EQE) for silicon solar cell with monochromatic light source. An analytical approach is shown to quantify the impact of using an LED by approximating the LED spectral emission as the sum of multiple Gaussian curves. Furthermore a method that corrects the impact of the finite spectral width of LEDs on the measured EQE is presented. It is shown that after applying the correction method to the measured EQE, the error developed can be reduced from 3-5% to under 0.5% absolute error. This correction method was tested on a home built LED based EQE tool.
Supplementary Table S1 from Association of Antigen-Processing Machinery and HLA Antigen Phenotype of Melanoma Cells with Survival in American Joint Committee on Cancer Stage III and IV Melanoma Patients (2023)

Supplementary Table S1 from Association of Antigen-Processing Machinery and HLA Antigen Phenotype of Melanoma Cells with Survival in American Joint Committee on Cancer Stage III and IV Melanoma Patients
[Gene therapy for inherited diseases using heamatopoietic stem cells--gene therapy for patients with chronic granulomatous disease]. (1999)

The possibility of gene therapy for inherited diseases with a single gene mutation in Figure 1 had been verified by the successful treatment with bone marrow transplantation. As the gene therapy method and theory has been progressing rapidly, it is expected that gene therapy will overcome the complications of bone marrow transplantation. Of these inherited diseases, chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is the one of the most expected disease for gene therapy. CGD is an inherited immune deficiency caused by mutations in any of the following four phox genes encoding subunits of the superoxide generating phagocyte NADPH oxidase. It consists of membranous cytochrom b558 composed of gp91 phox and p22 phox, and four cytosolic components, p47 phox, p67 phox, rac p21 and p40 phox, which translocate to the membrane upon activation. In our group study, more than 220 CGD patients has been enrolled. The incidence of CGD patients was estimated as 1 out of 250,000 births. The expected life span of the CGD patients is 25 to 30 years old by the Kaplan Meier analysis. Comparing with the ratio of CGD subtype in US and Europe, that with p47phox deficiency is lower (less than 10%/o vs. 23%) and that of gp91 phox deficiency is higher (more than 75% vs. 60%). Prophylactic administration of ST antibiotics and IFN-gamma and bone marrow transplantation have been successfully employed in our therapeutic strategy. However, it is necessary to develop the gene therapy technology for CGD patients as more promising treatment. In the current study we constructed two retrovirus vectors; MFGS-gp91/293 SPA which contains only the therapeutic gp91 phox gene, a bicistronic retrovirus pHa-MDR-IRES-gp91/PA317 which carries a multi drug resistant gene (MDR1) and the gp91phox gene connected with an internal ribosome entry site (IRES). We demonstrate high efficiency transduction of gp 91 phox to CGD EB virus established cell line with high levels of functional correction of the oxidase by MFGS-gp91 and by pHa-MDR-IRES-gp91, respectively. We also demonstrate sufficient transduction of gp91 phox to CD34+ hematopoietic stem cell from the patients with gp91 phox deficiency by MFGS-gp91/293 SPA. Our current studies suggest that the combination of the 293-SPA packaging system and the bicistronic retrovirus system inserted MDR1 gene make our CGD gene therapy more feasible for clinical application.
Constant-fraction circuits for picosecond photon timing with microchannel plate photomultipliers (1993)

Since single-photon pulses of photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) have statistically fluctuating amplitude, constant-fraction trigger circuits (CFTs) are normally employed for accurate timing. However, with the subnanosecond signals of microchannel-plate types (MCPs) nonideal CFT behavior is observed. A residual amplitude-dependent time walk sets the ultimate resolution in time-correlated photon counting (TCPC). We present a quantitative analysis of the problem and discuss published results. We assess the effect of pulse shaping filters and derive criteria for selecting the fast preamplifier. For MCP models with 40-ps intrinsic resolution, we show that by changing the pulse delay and attenuation ratio in the available CFTs, with minor circuit modifications, the residual time walk is strongly reduced and the detector performance can be fully exploited. For faster MCP types, with 20-ps resolution or better, the improvement is also remarkable, but we show that there is margin for further improvement and we point out criteria for designing new CFTs.
Accessory Pathways (Atrioventricular Pathways and other Abnormal Connections) (2021)

This chapter will review current understanding of accessory pathways as they relate to ablation in pediatric patients, including their description, embryology and clinical expression, the historical development of ablation as it is applied to children, approaches to electrophysiological mapping and diagnostic maneuvers in ablative studies, and ablation strategies for children with accessory pathway-mediated tachycardias.