gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
β2-Adrenergic Receptor Arg16/Arg16 Genotype is Associated with Reduced Lung Function, but Not with Asthma, in the Hutterites (2000)

In a genome-wide screen for asthma loci in the Hutterites, a marker locus on chromosome 5q23-31 showed evidence of linkage to asthma (C. Ober and colleagues, Hum. Molec. Genet. 1998;7:1393). To determine whether the beta(2)-adrenergic receptor (beta(2)AR) gene is the 5q-linked asthma locus in the Hutterites, we genotyped this sample for polymorphisms in the beta(2)AR gene. Neither the Arg16Gly nor Gln27Glu polymorphisms showed evidence of linkage to qualitative measures of asthma and bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) (p > 0.10) or to quantitative measures of serum IgE and airway reactivity (p > 0.10). In contrast, FEV(1) percentage of predicted and FVC percentage of predicted were significantly lower among individuals homozygous for the Arg16 allele (FEV(1) %: 98.3 +/- 13.2% versus 103. 8 +/- 14.9%, p = 0.003; FVC %: 104.2 +/- 12.3% versus 108.3 +/- 13. 2%, p = 0.02 by t test). These findings held true for adolescents and adults, but not for children </= 12 yr of age. This study demonstrates that the observed linkage to asthma in the 5q23-31 region is unrelated to variation in the beta(2)AR gene. However, it is the first study to suggest that the beta(2)AR Arg16Gly polymorphism influences either lung growth or the rate of decline of lung function with age.
Sensor network security: a survey (2009)

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) use small nodes with constrained capabilities to sense, collect, and disseminate information in many types of applications. As sensor networks become wide-spread, security issues become a central concern, especially in mission-critical tasks. In this paper, we identify the threats and vulnerabilities to WSNs and summarize the defense methods based on the networking protocol layer analysis first. Then we give a holistic overview of security issues. These issues are divided into seven categories: cryptography, key management, attack detections and preventions, secure routing, secure location security, secure data fusion, and other security issues. Along the way we analyze the advantages and disadvantages of current secure schemes in each category. In addition, we also summarize the techniques and methods used in these categories, and point out the open research issues and directions in each area.
A novel aging indicator of transformer paper insulation based on dispersion staining colors of cellulose fibers in oil (2018)

Diagnosis of aging of the paper insulation in transformers has long been of interest to transformer manufacturers and utilities [1]-[3]. Such insulation is irreversibly aged during long-term operation, losing its mechanical strength and becoming brittle. The loss of mechanical strength is an important factor limiting the life expectancy of the transformer [4], [5]. Consequently diagnosis of aging and evaluation of residual life of paper insulation is important for the safe operation, condition-based maintenance, and replacement of power transformers [6]-[9].
Mechanisms of stress (Takotsubo) (2010)

Stress cardiomyopathy, also referred to as Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, transient apical ballooning or broken heart syndrome, is a disorder associated with transient left ventricular dysfunction. Symptoms include acute chest pain and dyspnea accompanied by electrocardiographic changes, such as ST‑segment elevation and T‑wave inversions, minimal elevation of cardiac enzyme levels and transient wall ‑motion abnormalities in the absence of substantial coronary artery obstruction. Complete recovery of contractile function has been documented in nearly all cases, but the mechanisms of disease remain unclear and the cause has not been established. Coronary artery vasospasm, microcirculation dysfunction, and transient obstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract have been proposed as possible causes of this disorder. An excessive release of catecholamines also seems to have a pivotal role in the development of stress cardiomyopathy. This Review summarizes published data on stress cardiomyopathy, focusing primarily on the most likely causes of this cardiac entity.
Complexity of URLLC Scheduling and Efficient Approximation Schemes (2019)

In this paper we address the problem of joint admission control and resource scheduling for Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communications (URLLC). We examine two models: (i) the continuous, where all allocated resource blocks contribute to the success probability, and (ii) a binary, where only resource blocks with strong signal are “active” for each user, and user <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$k$</tex> needs d <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</inf> active resource blocks for a successful URLLC transmission. In situations of congestion, we are interested in finding a subset of users that can be scheduled simultaneously. We show that finding a feasible schedule for at least <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$m$</tex> URLLC users is NP-complete in the (easier) binary SNR model, hence also in the continuous. Maximizing the reward obtained from a feasible set of URLLC users is NP-hard and inapproximable to within (log <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> d) <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /d of the optimal, where <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$d$</tex> ≐ max <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</inf> d <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</inf> . On the other hand, we prove that checking a candidate set of users for feasibility and finding the corresponding schedule (when feasible) can be done in polynomial time, which we exploit to design an efficient heuristic algorithm for the general continuous SNR model. We complement our theoretical contributions with a numerical evaluation of our proposed schemes.
Resilia: a Safe and Secure Distributed Backup System for Small and Medium Enterprises (2007)

Most small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) operate from a single address, which means that backups are normally kept at the same physical location as the company’s computers. This means that fire, flooding or other disasters are likely to destroy both computers and the backups that were meant to ensure the continued operation of the company. The price per Giga-byte of hard disk storage is falling and at the same time the bandwidth of the connection from small companies to the Internet is increasing, so it appears logical for small companies to achieve improved availability of their backups by storing backups on the hard disk of one or more remote computers. However, storing business-critical information or customer data on a foreign computer requires a mechanism that preserves the secrecy and ensures the integrity of the stored data. This paper presents Resilia, which is a safe and secure backup system that allows a company to distribute its backup among a number of remote servers, thereby ensuring availability, without compromising the confidentiality and the integrity of the backup. The confidentiality of data in Resilia is ensured with an encryption technique known as threshold cryptography, which means that a backup can be restored even if all cryptographic keys are lost in a disaster. We describe a working prototype of Resilia and report initial performance numbers for the developed prototype.
Automation in the Australian mining industry (2013)

Mining has long been engraved in Australia's cultural, political and economic landscapes. The mining sector employs an estimated 2.2% of the total labour force and contributes about 5.6% of Australia's gross domestic product (GDP). In contrast, mineral exports contribute around 35% of Australia's exports and Australia serves as the world's largest exporter of coal, iron ore, lead, diamonds, rutile, zinc and zirconium, as well as the second largest exporter of gold and uranium.

Autonomous tramming between hole locations is achieved by the use of high-precision Real Time Kinematic (RTK) GPS receivers. Additionally, four hazard avoidance cameras (HazCam) detect obstacles in the drill's path, and the area the drill is operating in is surrounded by a geo fence that prevents the drill from tramming into terrain that may be hazardous. Once in position, the machine levels up, sets the mast angle to the required angle, and begins to drill. The machine autonomously adds drill rods to achieve the desired hole depth and then removes them upon completion. Finally, the drill retracts its jacks and moves on to the next hole.

At present Sandvik Mining has a fully functioning autonomous D90KS multi-pass rotary drill at a customer site in Australia, and a number of drills to be deployed this year. AutoMine rotary drilling is part of Sandvik Mining's autonomous offering that covers underground and surface drilling equipment.
Modeling QCD for Hadron Physics (2011)

We review the approach to modeling soft hadron physics observables based on the Dyson‐Schwinger equations of QCD. The focus is on light quark mesons and in particular the pseudoscalar and vector ground states, their decays and electromagnetic couplings. We detail the wide variety of observables that can be correlated by a ladder‐rainbow kernel with one infrared parameter fixed to the chiral quark condensate. A recently proposed novel perspective in which the quark condensate is contained within hadrons and not the vacuum is mentioned. The valence quark parton distributions, in the pion and kaon, as measured in the Drell Yan process, are investigated with the same ladder‐rainbow truncation of the Dyson‐Schwinger and Bethe‐Salpeter equations.
Symptomatic Vessel Narrowing Caused by Spontaneous Rupture of Craniopharyngioma Cyst —Case Report— (1998)

A 36-year-old female presented with cerebral infarction due to severe vessel stenosis after spontaneous rupture of a craniopharyngioma, manifesting as aphasia and drowsiness. Neuroimaging showed the suprasellar cystic tumor with wall enhancement and cerebral infarction in the left temporoparietal region, and also enhancement of the left sylvian fissure and prepontine cistern. Angiography showed severe narrowing at the C1 portion of the left internal carotid artery (ICA) and the M1 portion of the left middle cerebral artery (MCA). The tumor was subtotally removed via a bifrontal craniotomy. There was accumulated milky-white debris around the left ICA and MCA. She became alert within a few days postoperatively. Repeat angiography 1 month after surgery demonstrated slight improvement of vessel narrowing. The neuroimaging and intraoperative findings suggested that the stenosis was due to vasospasm induced by chemical meningitis resulting from cyst rupture.
Role of Nitric Oxide in the Coronary Microvascular Responses to Adenosine and Increased Metabolic Demand (1995)

Background The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO) participates in coronary microvascular responses to adenosine and pacing-induced increases in metabolic demand by maintaining an optimal distribution of coronary resistance. Methods and Results Coronary microvascular diameters were measured by stroboscopic epi-illumination and intravital microscopy in open-chest dogs (n=20). Epicardial coronary blood velocity (CBV) was measured by Doppler flowmetry. Responses to adenosine (1 and 10 μg · kg −1 · min −1 IC) and left atrial pacing (180 beats per minute) were recorded before and after inhibition of NO synthesis by N G -nitro- l -arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 30 μg · kg −1 · min −1 IC). At baseline, adenosine dilated arterioles (&lt;100 μm) (11±4% and 25±3% diameter changes, P &lt;.05) more than small arteries (&gt;100 μm) (−4±6% and 7±3%, P &lt;.05 for the higher dose) and increased CBV (43±31% and 118±25%, P &lt;.05). Left atrial pacing dilated arterioles (12±2%, P &lt;.05) and small arteries (8±3%, P &lt;.05) and also increased CBV (68±9%, P &lt;.05). L-NAME abolished CBV increases caused by acetylcholine (10 and 100 ng · kg −1 · min −1 IC; 53±33% and 168±82% versus −12±15% and −1±14%, P &lt;.05) but not papaverine. Small arteries were constricted by L-NAME (−8±2%, P &lt;.05), arterioles were dilated (10±4%, P &lt;.05), and CBV was unchanged. After L-NAME, adenosine failed to dilate arterioles further (3±3% and 2±2%; P &lt;.05 versus prior responses), and CBV changes were attenuated (14±16% and 8±13%; P &lt;.05 versus prior responses). Pacing also failed to dilate arterioles (−4±2%, P &lt;.05 versus prior response), resulting in an attenuated CBV change (34±13%, P &lt;.05 versus prior response). The possibility that adenosine stimulates NO release in canine coronary arterioles was investigated in isolated arterioles (diameters, 81±4 μm; n=8). Adenosine caused dose-dependent dilation to maximal diameter, which was unaffected by inhibition of NO synthesis by L-NAME. Conclusions Inhibition of NO synthesis attenuates coronary dilation during adenosine infusions and during pacing-induced increases in metabolic demand. Inhibition of NO synthesis may shift the major site of coronary resistance into small arteries through autoregulatory adjustments in arterioles. These data therefore suggest that NO, by dilating predominantly small coronary arteries, promotes metabolic coronary dilation by preserving the tone and vasodilator reserve of arterioles.
Bioengineering the ameloblastoma tumour to study its effect on bone nodule formation (2021)

Ameloblastoma is a benign, epithelial cancer of the jawbone, which causes bone resorption and disfigurement to patients affected. The interaction of ameloblastoma with its tumour stroma drives invasion and progression. We used stiff collagen matrices to engineer active bone forming stroma, to probe the interaction of ameloblastoma with its native tumour bone microenvironment. This bone-stroma was assessed by nano-CT, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy and gene analysis. Furthermore, we investigated gene correlation between bone forming 3D bone stroma and ameloblastoma introduced 3D bone stroma. Ameloblastoma cells increased expression of MMP-2 and -9 and RANK temporally in 3D compared to 2D. Our 3D biomimetic model formed bone nodules of an average surface area of 0.1 mm<sup>2</sup> and average height of 92.37 [Formula: see text] 7.96 μm over 21 days. We demonstrate a woven bone phenotype with distinct mineral and matrix components and increased expression of bone formation genes in our engineered bone. Introducing ameloblastoma to the bone stroma, completely inhibited bone formation, in a spatially specific manner. Multivariate gene analysis showed that ameloblastoma cells downregulate bone formation genes such as RUNX2. Through the development of a comprehensive bone stroma, we show that an ameloblastoma tumour mass prevents osteoblasts from forming new bone nodules and severely restricted the growth of existing bone nodules. We have identified potential pathways for this inhibition. More critically, we present novel findings on the interaction of stromal osteoblasts with ameloblastoma.
Properties of a temporal difference reinforcement learning brain machine interface driven by a simulated motor cortex (2012)

Our overall goal is to develop a reinforcement learning (RL) based decoder for brain machine interfaces. As an important step in this process, we determine the basic stability and convergence properties of a Temporal Difference (TD) RL architecture being driven by a simulated motor cortex.
High Dimensional Robust M-Estimation: Asymptotic Variance via Approximate Message Passing (2013)

In a recent article (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 110(36), 14557-14562), El Karoui et al. study the distribution of robust regression estimators in the regime in which the number of parameters p is of the same order as the number of samples n. Using numerical simulations and `highly plausible' heuristic arguments, they unveil a striking new phenomenon. Namely, the regression coefficients contain an extra Gaussian noise component that is not explained by classical concepts such as the Fisher information matrix. We show here that that this phenomenon can be characterized rigorously techniques that were developed by the authors to analyze the Lasso estimator under high-dimensional asymptotics. We introduce an approximate message passing (AMP) algorithm to compute M-estimators and deploy state evolution to evaluate the operating characteristics of AMP and so also M-estimates. Our analysis clarifies that the `extra Gaussian noise' encountered in this problem is fundamentally similar to phenomena already studied for regularized least squares in the setting n
Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy with Individualized Placement of Two Left Ventricular Leads at the Sites of Latest Mechanical Left Ventricular Contraction: Guided by 3D-Echocardiography and Coronary Sinus Rotation Angiography (2010)

A 78-year-old woman with dilated cardiomyopathy was admitted for advanced dyspnoea and recurrent cardiac decompensation despite optimal medical therapy. Implantation of a cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) device was indicated according to current guidelines. The day before CRT implantation, three-dimensional echocardiography was performed together with coronary sinus (CS) rotation angiography, which identified two sites of latest mechanical left ventricular (LV) contraction with adjacently available target veins. This case presents the first description of CRT target vein selection using a combination of functional information on LV contraction with anatomical information on the CS venous tree. In this specific patient, the approach eventually necessitated placement of two LV leads.
A computational theory of human stereo vision (1979)

Abstract An algorithm is proposed for solving the stereoscopic matching problem. The algorithm consists of five steps: (1) Each image is filtered at different orientations with bar masks of four sizes that increase with eccentricity; the equivalent filters are one or two octaves wide. (2) Zero-crossings in the filtered images, which roughly correspond to edges, are localized. Positions of the ends of lines and edges are also found. (3) For each mask orientation and size, matching takes place between pairs of zero-crossings or terminations of the same sign in the two images, for a range of dis­parities up to about the width of the mask’s central region. (4) Wide masks can control vergence movements, thus causing small masks to come into correspondence. (5) When a correspondence is achieved, it is stored in a dynamic buffer, called the 2½-D sketch. It is shown that this proposal provides a theoretical framework for most existing psychophysical and neurophysiological data about stereopsis. Several critical experimental predictions are also made, for instance about the size of Panum’s area under various conditions. The results of such experiments would tell us whether, for example, co-operativity is necessary for the matching process.
Placement optimization using data context collected during garbage collection (2009)

We present a study on data context for object-oriented programs. We first introduce several data structures related to data context that can properly organize object fields, object types and the access sequence in a compact manner. Our approach combines the collection of data context with commonly used garbage collectors in a virtual machine environment. The garbage collector maintains extra runtime data for the building of data contexts with minimal overhead. To save memory space and also the time spent on retrieving data, a shorter representation is proposed which sacrifices a small amount of accuracy. To further demonstrate the usefulness of data context for dynamic optimizations, we implemented a placement optimization that captures data accesses that frequently miss, and places relevant objects to reduce data cache misses and improve performance.
Prognostic and Health Management System for Fly-by-wire Electro-hydraulic Servo Actuators for Detection and Tracking of Actuator Faults (2017)

Abstract Maintenance of flight control actuation systems is currently performed on a scheduled basis, however air fleet operators and component manufacturers are willing to move from scheduled maintenance to Condition Based Maintenance (CBM) in order to reduce maintenance costs and improve aircraft dispatchability. Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) systems are a critical part of CBM and are perceived as a breakthrough technology to effectively respond to an urgent and critical need to improve the readiness, availability, reliability, safety and maintainability of aerospace vehicles. This paper presents the results of an ongoing research activity focused on the development of a PHM system for fly-by-wire Electro-Hydraulic Servo Actuators (EHSA) without adding new sensors. The PHM system is being developed with the objective of detecting the most common faults, according to a failure mode effects and criticality analysis (FMECA). The paper describes in particular the tools used for detection and tracking of internal leakage faults of the hydraulic actuator, which is one of the most common faults of hydraulic servo-actuators in service, and for predicting its remaining useful life (RUL). The research work has been supported by the development of a nonlinear model for a reference EHSA, that has been implemented using physical equations and system parameters, taking into account environmental condition and disturbances. The model was validated through tests runs on a flight control actuator of a civil aircraft. Simulations are performed in nominal conditions and with progressive injection of degradation to verify the PHM algorithm. The performances of the PHM algorithms are evaluated by means of proper metrics.
Supplementary Table from Dual G9A/EZH2 Inhibition Stimulates Antitumor Immune Response in Ovarian High-Grade Serous Carcinoma (2023)

Supplementary Table from Dual G9A/EZH2 Inhibition Stimulates Antitumor Immune Response in Ovarian High-Grade Serous Carcinoma
Reactions of carbonyl compounds in basic solutions. Part II. The mechanism of the alkaline hydrolysis of methyl 2-benzoylbenzoates (1971)

Rate coefficients have been measured for the alkaline hydrolysis of methyl 3′- and 4′-substituted 2-benzoylbenzoates in 70%(v/v) dioxan–water at 30 °C. The pKa values of the corresponding acids have been measured in 80%(w/w) 2-methoxyethanol–water at 25 °C. The effects of substitution have been assessed by means of the Hammett equation. Comparison of the reaction constants obtained with those for the reference systems, benzoic acids and their methyl esters, indicates clearly that, in the alkaline hydrolysis of the methyl 2-benzoylbenzoates, the rate-determining step involves direct or pre-equilibrium attack at the keto-carbonyl group.