gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Right Ventricular Distension Alters Monophasic Action Potential Duration During Pulmonary Arterial Occlusion in Anaesthetised Lambs: Evidence for Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Mechanoelectrical Feedback (2001)

Abnormal loading and distension of the right ventricle may induce arrhythmia through the process of mechanoelectrical feedback. Nonetheless, the electrophysiological effects of right ventricular distension are ill-defined and the mechanisms which underpin mechanoelectrical feedback in the right ventricle are unknown. We examined the effects of changes in right ventricular load (complete occlusion of both caval veins or the main pulmonary artery) in 14 anaesthetised lambs, instrumented with right ventricular surface electrodes and strain gauges for recording monophasic action potential and segment length, and an integrated conductance and micromanometer-tipped catheter for measurement of right ventricular pressure and volume. Caval occlusion did not alter right ventricular segment length and monophasic action potential duration. By contrast, pulmonary arterial occlusion increased the segment length and decreased the monophasic action potential duration at 25, 50 and 70% repolarisation by 29 +/- 6, 22 +/- 4 and 17 +/- 3 ms, respectively (all P < 0.01). Of the 42 pulmonary arterial occlusions, 38 were associated with early afterdepolarisations (EADs) which increased progressively in magnitude as the occlusion was maintained until, in 32, overt arrhythmia was observed. By contrast, none of the four occlusions in which EADs were not observed resulted in arrhythmia. As a result, the proportion of occlusions which resulted in arrhythmia were greater in those associated with EADs than in those which were not (P = 0.002). Right ventricular distension alters the pattern of repolarisation, precipitates early afterdepolarisations and results in a variety of ventricular arrhythmia, including ventricular tachycardia.
Rodent Models of Stroke Limitations (1996)

This pastyear has been particularly important for researchers and clinicians dedicated to acute stroke therapy. The publication of results from the first large randomized clinical trials of intravenous thrombolytic therapy<sup>1,2</sup>has finally demonstrated unequivocally that human ischemic stroke is a treatable disease. This momentous event has implications for all members of the stroke community, including patients, health care planners, and all clinical health professionals, especially neurologists and those involved in emergency patient care. These results are also of critical interest to laboratory and clinical investigators. Over the past 5 years a healthy debate has developed in the stroke research community about the relevance of animal models to human stroke. The similarities and differences between stroke in patients vs rats, and between designing human clinical trials vs rodent experiments, have been discussed in detail<sup>3-6</sup>and do not need to be repeated here. What lessons can we learn from
What's in an explanation? Characterizing knowledge and inference requirements for elementary science exams (2016)

QA systems have been making steady advances in the challenging elementary science exam domain. In this work, we develop an explanation-based analysis of knowledge and inference requirements, which supports a fine-grained characterization of the challenges. In particular, we model the requirements based on appropriate sources of evidence to be used for the QA task. We create requirements by first identifying suitable sentences in a knowledge base that support the correct answer, then use these to build explanations, filling in any necessary missing information. These explanations are used to create a fine-grained categorization of the requirements. Using these requirements, we compare a retrieval and an inference solver on 212 questions. The analysis validates the gains of the inference solver, demonstrating that it answers more questions requiring complex inference, while also providing insights into the relative strengths of the solvers and knowledge sources. We release the annotated questions and explanations as a resource with broad utility for science exam QA, including determining knowledge base construction targets, as well as supporting information aggregation in automated inference.
Lithium Selenide (2001)

[12136-60-6] Li2Se (MW 92.84) InChI = 1S/2Li.Se InChIKey = PEXNRZDEKZDXPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (nucleophilic agent for synthesis of organic selenides1, 2) Physical Data: d 2.91 g cm−3; red-brown solid or milky white crystalline suspension in THF. Solubility: sol water; sparingly sol THF. Preparative Methods: reduction of Selenium with Lithium in liquid ammonia produces red–brown Li2Se after NH3 evaporation.3 Reaction of Se with 2 equiv Lithium Triethylborohydride in THF gives a suspension of Li2Se. The method is somewhat limited by scale and produces flammable byproducts.1 For large-scale preparations, reduction of Se with Li in THF in the presence of naphthalene as a catalyst is safe and more economical.2 Handling, Storage, and Precautions: should be used directly as prepared. Use in a fume hood.
A Convenient Method for the Synthesis of α‐Ethynylphospholes and Modulation of Their π‐Conjugated Systems (2009)

Mind the (narrow) gap: Alpha-ethynylphospholes generated in situ from the corresponding silyl-capped precursors were converted into a series of alpha-(arylethynyl) phospholes bearing functional substituents as well as an alpha,alpha'-linked terphosphole (see scheme). The terphosphole has a narrow HOMO-LUMO gap owing to efficient pi conjugation over the three phosphole rings.
Stereochemical Features of Glutathione-dependent Enzymes in the Sphingobium sp. Strain SYK-6 β-Aryl Etherase Pathway (2014)

Glutathione-dependent enzymes play important protective, repair, or metabolic roles in cells. In particular, enzymes in the glutathione S-transferase (GST) superfamily function in stress responses, defense systems, or xenobiotic detoxification. Here, we identify novel features of bacterial GSTs that cleave β-aryl ether bonds typically found in plant lignin. Our data reveal several original features of the reaction cycle of these GSTs, including stereospecific substrate recognition and stereoselective formation of β-S-thioether linkages. Products of recombinant GSTs (LigE, LigP, and LigF) are β-S-glutathionyl-α-keto-thioethers that are degraded by a β-S-thioetherase (LigG). All three Lig GSTs produced the ketone product (β-S-glutathionyl-α-veratrylethanone) from an achiral side chain-truncated model substrate (β-guaiacyl-α-veratrylethanone). However, when β-etherase assays were conducted with a racemic model substrate, β-guaiacyl-α-veratrylglycerone, LigE- or LigP-catalyzed reactions yielded only one of two potential product (β-S-glutathionyl-α-veratrylglycerone) epimers, whereas the other diastereomer (differing in configuration at the β-position (i.e. its β-epimer)) was produced only in the LigF-catalyzed reaction. Thus, β-etherase catalysis causes stereochemical inversion of the chiral center, converting a β(R)-substrate to a β(S)-product (LigE and LigP), and a β(S)-substrate to a β(R)-product (LigF). Further, LigG catalyzed glutathione-dependent β-S-thioether cleavage with β-S-glutathionyl-α-veratrylethanone and with β(R)-configured β-S-glutathionyl-α-veratrylglycerone but exhibited no or significantly reduced β-S-thioether-cleaving activity with the β(S)-epimer, demonstrating that LigG is a stereospecific β-thioetherase. We therefore propose that multiple Lig enzymes are needed in this β-aryl etherase pathway in order to cleave the racemic β-ether linkages that are present in the backbone of the lignin polymer.
The Use of Proteomics to Dissect the Molecular Specificities of T Cells in Type 1 Diabetes (2013)

Presentation of peptides derived from beta cell proteins to autoreactive lymphocytes is critical for the development and progression of type 1 diabetes. How tolerance to beta cell antigens is broken is yet to be fully elucidated. The high metabolic demand on beta cells, the high concentration of granule proteins and the susceptibility of islets to cellular stress may all contribute to the presentation of abnormal ligands in the pancreas. Evidence for nonconventional presentation of peptide ligands and post-translational modification of peptides to T cells has emerged in both human studies and animal models of diabetes. Challenges in identifying targets of autoimmunity are being increasingly met by advances in modern mass spectrometry. Here we review recent advances in mass spectrometry and their application to studies of peptides involved in immune recognition in diabetes.
연구논문 : 식물,산림 ; 식물검역 Pelargonium Zonate Spot Virus 진단을위한 RT-PCR 및 Nested PCR 프라이머 개발 (2014)

Pelargonium zonate spot virus (PZSV)는 group IV (+) ssRNA viruses, Bromoviridae에 속하는식물 병원체로, 일반적으로 토마토, 국화, 아티초크 및 제라늄에 감염된다. 본 연구는 검역 현장에서PZSV를 신속하고 특이적으로 진단 할 수 있는 PCR module을 개발하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. PZSV를 검출하기 위한 RT-PCR 프라이머 선발 결과, 각각 513 및 320 bp를 증폭하는2개 조합을 선발하였으며, 더욱 높은 검출감도로 검출할 수 있을 뿐아니라 RT-PCR을 검증할 수 있는 nested PCR 프라이머 조합을 개발하였다. 또한, 제한효소 Xho I 부위를 삽입한 유전자변형-양성대조구 플라스미드를 설계하여, PCR module에서 대조구로부터 오염을 검증할 수 있도록 개발하였다. 본 연구에서 개발한PCR module은 토마토, 국화, 아티초크 및 제라늄 등에서 PZSV를 간편, 신속 및 특이적으로 검출하여, 지속적으로 식물검역에 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.
Using three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationships to examine estrogen receptor binding affinities of polychlorinated hydroxybiphenyls. (1995)

Certain phenyl-substituted hydrocarbons of environmental concern have the potential to disrupt the endocrine system of animals, apparently in association with their estrogenic properties. Competition with natural estrogens for the estrogen receptor is a possible mechanism by which such effects could occur. We used comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA), a three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) paradigm, to examine the underlying structural properties of ortho-chlorinated hydroxybiphenyl analogs known to bind to the estrogen receptor. The cross-validated and conventional statistical results indicate a high degree of internal predictability for the molecules included in the training data set. In addition to the phenolic (A) ring system, conformational restriction of the overall structure appears to play an important role in estrogen receptor binding affinity. Hydrophobic character as assessed using hydropathic interaction fields also contributes in a positive way to binding affinity. The CoMFA-derived QSARs may be useful in examining the estrogenic activity of a wider range of phenyl-substituted hydrocarbons of environmental concern.
H-2 compatibility requirement for virus-specific T-cell-mediated cytolysis. The H-2K structure involved is coded by a single cistron defined by H-2Kb mutant mice. (1976)

Lymphocytic choriomeningitis or vaccinia virus-immune spleen cells of H-2 mutant mice carrying a point mutation in the K region (B6 H-2ba, B6 H-2bf) cannot lyse infected wild-type H-2Kb targets and vice versa. Yet, cytotoxic T cells specific for infected H-2Kba or H-2Kbf targets are generated during virus infections as shown by cold target competition experiments. The critical structure for the apparent restriction by the K or D regions of the H-2 gene complex of cytolytic interactions between T cells and virus-infected target cells are therefore each coded, at least as shown for the K region, by a single cistron. This finding is most readily accommodated within the altered self concept (postulating that T cells are specific for virus-modified self structures) but cannot exclude the possibility of a physiological interaction mechanism being responsible for the apparent H-2 restriction of virus-specific cytotoxic T cells.
A single amino acid substitution in the transmembrane envelope glycoprotein of feline immunodeficiency virus alters cellular tropism (1997)

The cellular tropism of the feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is affected by changes in variable region 3 (V3) of the surface (SU) envelope glycoprotein (Verschoor, E. J., et al., J. Virol. 69:4752-4757, 1995). By using high-dose DNA transfection, an FIV molecular clone with a non-CRFK-tropic V3 acquired the ability to replicate in CRFK cells. A single point mutation from a methionine to a threonine in the ectodomain of its transmembrane (TM) envelope glycoprotein was responsible for this change in viral tropism. This substitution is located in the putative SU interactive region, between the fusion peptide and the membrane-spanning region. Our results show that this region of the TM envelope glycoprotein constitutes an additional determinant for cell tropism.
Trends in collaborative technologies for supporting knowledge management (2005)

Summary form only given. The last couple years have seen the emergence of a range of extremely light-weight, robust, and virtually free technologies that suggest that the knowledge management logjam may finally be breaking up. We have long experienced the challenges of using technology to support the effective retention of and access to information and knowledge in organizations. It is a concern even in industries such as aerospace that practice considerable formal archiving. Decades of research into knowledge engineering and other approaches, and experiences with Lotus Notes and other products, have not solved the problems. Much information is not recorded or maintained, and people can't or don't create useful metadata or more extensive contextual information that would enable it to be accessed and interpreted. Features of Web-based phenomena primarily used by young people today, such as blogging and tagging, are likely to move into organizations with as much impact as email and word processing twenty years ago, and spread much more rapidly. This presentation describes and illustrates these technologies in some detail, and suggests how enterprise use may evolve, in some cases based on successful small-scale trials
Connexin43 Potentiates Osteoblast Responsiveness to Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 via a Protein Kinase C-Delta/Runx2–dependent Mechanism (2009)

In this study, we examine the role of the gap junction protein, connexin43 (Cx43), in the transcriptional response of osteocalcin to fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) in MC3T3 osteoblasts. By luciferase reporter assays, we identify that the osteocalcin transcriptional response to FGF2 is markedly increased by overexpression of Cx43, an effect that is mediated by Runx2 via its OSE2 cognate element, but not by a previously identified connexin-responsive Sp1/Sp3-binding element. Furthermore, disruption of Cx43 function with Cx43 siRNAs or overexpression of connexin45 markedly attenuates the response to FGF2. Inhibition of protein kinase C delta (PKCdelta) with rottlerin or siRNA-mediated knockdown abrogates the osteocalcin response to FGF2. Additionally, we show that upon treatment with FGF2, PKCdelta translocates to the nucleus, PKCdelta and Runx2 are phosphorylated and these events are enhanced by Cx43 overexpression, suggesting that the degree of activation is enhanced by increased Cx43 levels. Indeed, chromatin immunoprecipitations of the osteocalcin proximal promoter with antibodies against Runx2 demonstrate that the recruitment of Runx2 to the osteocalcin promoter in response to FGF2 treatment is dramatically enhanced by Cx43 overexpression. Thus, Cx43 plays a critical role in regulating the ability of osteoblasts to respond to FGF2 by impacting PKCdelta and Runx2 function.
Ion-induced Gas Desorption Modeling in High Vacuum Systems (2006)

Ion beam interaction with walls desorbs gas and electrons.The gas can move to the beam path and be ionized.In a positively-charged particle beam the produced ions are expelled by the space-charge beam potential and the electrons are trapped inside a potential well.This ubiquitous effect grows at higher fill factors (ratio of the beam to the tube radius) and degrades the quality of the beam.In order to simulate it, we measured the gas desorption yield of stainless steel using the Gas-Electron Source Diagnostic in two distinct high vacuum facilities (High Current Experiment at LBNL and the 500 kV Ion Source Test Stand at LLNL).The desorption process is result from the interaction of the surface gas layer with ion-induced electrons.The experimental results will be discussed and compared with a theoretical model.
BMS Supertranslations as Coset States & SLOCC (2017)

The algebra of BMS supertranslations and SLOCC for state entanglement of black holes are found to share the same Lax pair structure.  In addition this system is a reduced quotient system of variables or states that describes conformal currents.  The quotient group and space structure gives Hermitian symmetric space structure to entanglements that under a low energy decomposition recovers AdS n ~ CFT n-1 correspondence and F-theory.
Effects of soil and climate in a table grape vineyard with cover crops. Irrigation management using sensors networks (2017)

The use of mulches in vineyards and orchards is a traditional agricultural practice used with the aim of saving moisture, reducing weed growth and improving organic matter content in the soil. In table grape vineyards trained to overhead system in Puglia region (Southeastern Italy), plastic sheets covering the canopy are often used to either advance ripening or delay harvest. In this environment, the living mulches could contribute to the modification of the microclimate around the canopy below the plastic sheets. This condition has an influence on the climatic demand and on both the vegetative and productive activities, mainly in stages with a high evapotranspiration. However, the presence of living mulches could increase the demand of available water and nutrient resources and this could cause a lower yield. The aim of this study was to acquire a suitable knowledge to manage irrigation and verify the influences of living mulches on the vine by using wireless sensor networks to measure the vapor pressure deficit, soil water potential and content.
Maternal and umbilical venous plasma lipid concentrations at delivery in the mare (1991)

The concentrations and fatty acid composition of the plasma free fatty acid, triacylglycerol and phospholipid fractions were determined in maternal and umbilical cord vein blood samples taken at delivery from 17 mares. Maternal and umbilical vein plasma free fatty acid concentrations were of a similar order and a positive correlation was found between the two levels suggesting that the equine placenta is permeable to fatty acid. Substantial amounts of the essential fatty acids and their longer chain derivatives were seen in both umbilical vein plasma free fatty acid and phospholipid fractions supporting this view. Certain long chain polyunsaturated derivatives of the essential fatty acids found in the umbilical venous plasma phospholipid fraction were not seen in the maternal circulating lipids. The precursor fatty acids were readily available to both foetal and placental tissues and therefore must have been elongated and incorporated into phospholipid by either or both. Very small amounts of the essential fatty acids were found in adipose stores in the newborn foal and virtually no fat stores at all in the newborn foal liver.
Metabolic syndrome, abdominal obesity and hyperuricemia in schizophrenia: Results from the FACE-SZ dataset (2015)

Objective Abdominal obesity was suggested to be a better predictor than Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) for cardiovascular mortality, however is has not been extensively studied in schizophrenia. Hyperuricemia (HU) was also suggested to be both an independent risk factor for greater somatic comorbidity and a global metabolic stress maker in patients with schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of MetS, abdominal obesity and HU and to examine the association between metabolic parameters with HU in a cohort of French patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (SZ), and to explore if patients were correctly treated. Method In total, 240 SZ patients (age = 31.4 years, male gender 74.3%) were systematically included. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation and HU if serum uric acid level was above 360 μmol/L. Results MetS, abdominal obesity and HU were found respectively in 24.2%, 21.3% and 19.6% of patients. In terms of risk factors, multiple logistic regression showed that after taking into account the potential confounders, the risk for HU was higher in males (OR = 5.9, IC 95 [1.7–21.4]) and with subjects with high waist circumference (OR = 3.1, IC 95 [1.1–8.3]) or hypertriglyceridemia (OR = 4.9, IC 95 [1.9–13]). No association with hypertension, low HDL cholesterol or high fasting glucose was observed. Only 10% of patients with hypertension received a specific treatment, 18% for high fasting glucose and 8% for dyslipidemia. Conclusions The prevalence of MetS, abdominal obesity and hyperuricemia is elevated in French patients with schizophrenia, all of which are considerably under-diagnosed and undertreated. HU is strongly associated with abdominal obesity but not with psychiatric symptomatology.
The effect of surfactant shedding and gas diffusion on pressure wave propagation through an ultrasound contrast agent suspension (2013)

Interest in microbubbles as agents for therapeutic and quantitative imaging applications in biomedical ultrasound has increased the need for their accurate modelling. However, effects such as gas diffusion, the properties of the shell and changes in bubble behaviour under repeated exposure to ultrasound pulses are still not well understood. A revised equation for microbubble motion is proposed that includes the effects of gas diffusion as well as a nonlinear surface tension which depends on a non-constant surfactant surface concentration. This is incorporated into a nonlinear wave propagation model to account for these additional time-dependent effects in the response of microbubble contrast agent populations. The results from the model indicates significant changes in both bubble behaviour and the propagated pulse compared with those predicted by existing propagation models; and show better agreement with experimental data. Our analysis indicates that changes in bubble dynamics are dominated both by surfactant shedding on ultrasonic timescales and gas diffusion over longer timescales between pulses. Therefore, incorporating such time-dependent phenomena in ultrasound imaging algorithms should lead to better quantitative agreement with experiments.