gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Deterministic learning enhanced neutral network control of unmanned helicopter (2016)

In this article, a neural network–based tracking controller is developed for an unmanned helicopter system with guaranteed global stability in the presence of uncertain system dynamics. Due to the coupling and modeling uncertainties of the helicopter systems, neutral networks approximation techniques are employed to compensate the unknown dynamics of each subsystem. In order to extend the semiglobal stability achieved by conventional neural control to global stability, a switching mechanism is also integrated into the control design, such that the resulted neural controller is always valid without any concern on either initial conditions or range of state variables. In addition, deterministic learning is applied to the neutral network learning control, such that the adaptive neutral networks are able to store the learned knowledge that could be reused to construct neutral network controller with improved control performance. Simulation studies are carried out on a helicopter model to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control design.
Quantitative13C NMR studies of metabolic compartmentation in the adult mammalian brain (1999)

We review the information obtained by 13C NMR methods on the metabolic compartmentation of the adult mammalian brain with emphasis on its quantitative aspects. Classical radiotracer evidence and more recent 13C NMR results support the presence in the brain of at least two glutamate pools, small and large, associated with two kinetically different tricarboxylic acid cycles localized in glia and neurons, respectively. Neuronal and glial cycles interact closely, utilizing common substrates like glucose and oxygen and exchanging a variety of metabolites including glutamate, glutamine and GABA. A model for the cerebral metabolism of (1,2-13C2) acetate has made it possible to calculate fluxes through both cycles and evaluate the exchanges of glutamate, glutamine and GABA under different physiopathological conditions. Calculated flux values through the neuronal and glial tricarboxylic acid cycles are 1.0 and 0.4 mumol/min g, respectively. In the adult normoxic brain, the small and large glutamate pools account for approximately 10% and 90% of cerebral glutamate with estimated turnover times of 1.25 and 5.8/min, respectively. Net transfers of neuronal glutamate and GABA to the glial compartment are calculated to be 0.1 and 0.04 mumol/min g while transfer of glial glutamine to the neuronal compartment is estimated as 0.1 mumol/min g. Pyruvate recycling in the adult brain occurs mainly in the synaptic terminals with a calculated flux of 0.3 mumol/min g. These flux values are altered severely in pathological states such as hypothyroidism or ischemia.
Determination of the content of bisphenol-A and its uncertainties by HPLC (2004)

An accurate analysis of the amount of Bisphenol-A (BPA) in Polycarbonate (PC) was examined. BPA was extracted from PC under the Japanese food sanitation law (FSL). A new method was developed to determine the recovery under FSL by modifying the standard addition method. The recovery was determined to be 0.96 from this experiment. A comprehensive list of relevant sources of uncertainty under FSL operation was assembled. The uncertainty of the amount of BPA in PC was evaluated under the “guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM)”. The amount of BPA in PC was evaluated: (38.89±1.59) μg/g (k = 2); here, k represents the coverage factor.
Distribution and Activity of Antineoplastic Drugs in a Tumor Model (1989)

Antineoplastic drugs can be effective in solid tumors only if they can penetrate several cell layers and retain their activity in the tumor microenvironment. The capacity of several common chemotherapeutic agents to meet these requirements was evaluated in an in vitro tumor model, V79 Chinese hamster cells grown as spheroids. The delivery and toxicity of radioactively labeled 5-fluorouracil, lomustine, tetraplatin, and chlorambucil were determined by use of cell-sorting techniques to select cells as a function of their position (depth) within these spheroids, and the delivery and toxicity of doxorubicin (DOX) were evaluated on the basis of fluorescence intensity. Simultaneous measurement of drug level and toxicity in cells at the time of recovery from different depths within the spheroids led to the conclusion that drug delivery was a problem only for DOX. In contrast, several of the other agents showed a dissociation between cellular drug levels and activity, implicating a major role of the cellular microenvironment in modulating drug toxicity.
The comet tail artifact. (1982)

A description and explanation of an unexpected echographic appearance in a patient who had sustained an abdominal shotgun wound is presented. In the B-scans, a trail of dense continuous echoes, simulating a comet tail, is seen distal to each lead pellet. This comet tail appearance is shown to be a type of reverberation artifact. The effect of object size, shape, composition, and orientation on the appearance of this artifact is demonstrated.
Frequency and Duration of Rhinovirus Infections in Children With Cystic Fibrosis and Healthy Controls (2015)

This is the first in vivo longitudinal study showing that HRV is detected more frequently and persists for longer periods in CF patients compared with healthy controls. This might indicate increased viral replication and/or decreased antiviral defense in patients with CF.
Ultralow-threshold Raman lasing with CaF_2 resonators (2006)

We demonstrate efficient Raman lasing with CaF2 whispering-gallery-mode resonators. Continuous-wave emission threshold is shown to be possible below 1 microW with a 5mm cavity, which is to our knowledge orders of magnitude lower than in any other Raman source. Low-threshold lasing is made possible by the ultrahigh optical quality factor of the cavity, of the order of Q=5x10(10). Stokes components of up to the fifth order were observed at a pump power of 160 microW, and up to the eighth order at 1 mW. A lasing threshold of 15 microW was also observed in a 100 microm CaF2 microcavity. Potential applications are discussed.
A modulation with higher bandwidth efficiency than OFDM (2010)

OFDM is a practical modulation technique with highest frequency efficiency at present and it has been adopted by many international communication standards. In this paper a novel time-shift non-orthogonal multi-carrier modulation (TS-NMCM) technology which has higher bandwidth efficiency and more outstanding technology performances than OFDM is introduced; the comparison between TS-NMCM and OFDM on bandwidth efficiency is made; finally the experiments are given. The results in theoretical analysis and experiment show that the ratio of bandwidth efficiency between both is 2.15~5.36.
Network computers-ubiquitous computing or dumb multimedia? (2002)

In May 1996, a group of major hardware and software manufacturers jointly announced a set of guidelines forming an industry standard for a new class of devices called network computers (NCs). The new industry standard-called the Network Computer Reference Profile 1-is designed to accelerate the development of low-cost computing. The group of firms, consisting of Apple, IBM, Oracle, Sun Microsystems and Netscape Communications, unveiled plans to provide network computer operating software and a variety of NC hardware models by the end of 1996. The NC Reference Profile 1 considerably builds upon existing Internet and World Wide Web technology. This paper gives a brief overview of the goals pursued by the introduction of NC Reference Profile 1. It surveys the technologies employed for NCs and discusses their application and market potential in different environments.
Transient absorption due to the self-trapped exciton localized at an iodine dimer in KCl:I (1991)

The transient absorption spectrum of the self-trapped exciton (STE) localized at an iodine dimer (${\mathrm{I}}_{2}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{*}}$) in an iodine-doped KCl crystal (KCl:I) has been investigated at 80 K. The absorption band due to the electronic transition was found around 0.36 eV, and the bands due to the hole transitions around 1.5 to 3.0 eV. The electronic transition band occurred in an extremely lower-energy region than that of the STE in KI or RbI crystals, suggesting the ``on-center'' configuration of the STE (${\mathrm{I}}_{2}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{*}}$) in KCl:I.
Quantification of Ethene Emissions from Petrochemical Industries in Houston, Texas: Large Disagreements with Emission Inventories (2007)

Reactive alkenes from petrochemical industries are known to play an important role in the formation of ozone in Houston, Texas. In this work we developed a fast-response detector of ethylene based on laser photo-acoustic spectroscopy (LPAS) and used it onboard the NOAA WP-3D aircraft to measure ethylene in industrial plumes around Houston in the summer of 2006. The new LPAS instrument was evaluated by comparison with measurement results from a whole air sampler (WAS), and the two measurements agreed within the combined measurement uncertainties. Emission fluxes of ethylene were estimated (1) by integrating the measured ethylene concentration across the width of industrial plumes, (2) by multiplying the concentration with the orthogonal wind speed measured from the aircraft, and (3) by assuming that the emissions are homogeneously distributed across the height of the boundary layer as estimated using aircraft ascents and descents. The estimated ethylene fluxes were compared with the results of simultaneous Solar Occultation Flux (SOF) measurements inside a mobile laboratory, and the agreement was within a factor of 2. Previous work had indicated that current inventories underestimate alkene emissions in Houston by 1-2 orders of magnitude. These findings were confirmed both by the aircraft and SOF measurements. The measured mixing ratios of ethylene were compared between the results from 2006 and an earlier mission in 2000. In contrast with CO and acetylene, which are predominantly from traffic, ethylene and its photoproduct formaldehyde showed significant decreases between 2000 and 2006.
[The bundle branch block anatomically located in HIS bundle (author's transl)]. (1980)

Bundle branch block (BBB) patterns are commonly considered to represent conduction block in the corresponding bundle branch. However, several histological and experimental studies demonstrated the possibility of a BBB related to an anatomical lesion within the His bundle. Recently there has been demonstrated, also in clinical setting, the possibility of evaluation whether a left bundle branch block (LBBB) is related to an anatomical within such bundle. For this purpose the selective stimulation of the His bundle has been utilized. A distal simulation of such bundle (which can be evaluated by a stimulus-QRS interval shorter than HV interval) normalizing the QRS complexes compresses an anatomical lesion within the proximal His bundle. Such normalization cannot be attributed to a right septum stimulation since the LBBB pattern should be increased instead of disappearing. The Authors think that an anatomical localization within the His bundle can be evaluated only in LBBB. In fact it is possible that a right bundle branch block pattern, if a septal calcification or fibrosis is present, could be normalized also in the presence of an isoelectric line placed between the artificial stimulus and the QRS complex. There is criticized the concept supported by other Authors that normalization of the QRS complex may be related to a summation effect between the sinusal impulse and that artificially induced. In fact such effect can be easy excluded by analizing the temporal relationship between the ventriculograms registered during His bundle stimulation and the atriograms. The clinical implications of the LBBBs in relation with an anatomical lesion within the His bundle are discussed.
License Plate Location Based on Compound Mathematical Morphology (2009)

License plate location is the key to the recognition system of motor vehicle license. This paper presents an algorithm for license plate location based on compound mathematical morphology. An edge detection operator is designed for the edge extraction of the license plate image, with a clear edge image obtained. Then, the horizontal and vertical projections are used to locate the license plate area. The experimental result shows that the algorithm is accurate and efficient in the license plate location.
Moving differently in pain: A new theory to explain the adaptation to pain (2010)

Sponsorships or competing interests that may be relevant to content are disclosed at the end of this article The University of Queensland, Centre for Clinical Research Excellence in Spinal Pain, Injury and Health, Brisbane Qld 4072, Australia *Corresponding author. Tel.: +61 7 3365 2008; fax: +61 7 3365 1284. E-mail address:[email protected] Submitted August 27, 2010; revised October 15, 2010; accepted October 18, 2010.
Sepsis and Hemocyte Loss in Honey Bees (Apis mellifera) Infected with Serratia marcescens Strain Sicaria (2016)

Global loss of honey bee colonies is threatening the human food supply. Diverse pathogens reduce honey bee hardiness needed to sustain colonies, especially in winter. We isolated a free-living Gram negative bacillus from hemolymph of worker honey bees (Apis mellifera) found separated from winter clusters. In some hives, greater than 90% of the dying bees detached from the winter cluster were found to contain this bacterium in their hemolymph. Throughout the year, the same organism was rarely found in bees engaged in normal hive activities, but was detected in about half of Varroa destructor mites obtained from colonies that housed the septic bees. Flow cytometry of hemolymph from septic bees showed a significant reduction of plasmatocytes and other types of hemocytes. Interpretation of the16S rRNA sequence of the bacterium indicated that it belongs to the Serratia genus of Gram-negative Gammaproteobacteria, which has not previously been implicated as a pathogen of adult honey bees. Complete genome sequence analysis of the bacterium supported its classification as a novel strain of Serratia marcescens, which was designated as S. marcescens strain sicaria (Ss1). When compared with other strains of S. marcescens, Ss1 demonstrated several phenotypic and genetic differences, including 65 genes not previously found in other Serratia genomes. Some of the unique genes we identified in Ss1 were related to those from bacterial insect pathogens and commensals. Recovery of this organism extends a complex pathosphere of agents which may contribute to failure of honey bee colonies.
Breaking down the climate effects on cod recruitment by principal component analysis and canonical correlation (2001)

The pattern of temporal correlations between cod recruitment and sea temperature, in conjuction with the climate variability of atmospheric pressure anomalies (NAO index) was investigated by means of a combined use of principal component analysis (PCA) and canonical correlation analysis (CCA), using time series collected in the area surrounding the Kola peninsula (Barents Sea) and in the North Sea. The proposed data analysis strategy, namely to carry out a PCA of the temperature, cod recruitment and NAO time series followed by a CCA between the component spaces of all the possible data sets couples (recruitment vs temperature, recruitment vs NAO and NAO vs temperature), allowed us to sketch a general model of correlation between climate and cod recruitment dynamics. Two independent effects of temperature variability on cod recruitment emerged for the Kola region, pointing to the existence of at least 2 different mechanisms of comparable importance by which temperature may affect cod recruitment. In the North Sea the situation is somewhat simpler, and the data are compatible with only 1 major interaction mechanism. Moreover, the general effect of temperature on cod recruitment was opposite in the 2 regions: direct correlation for the Barents Sea, inverse correlation for the North Sea. This is probably due to the existence of an optimal temperature regime for cod recruitment lying in between the 'cold' Barents Sea and the 'warm' North Sea.
Probability density functions of turbulent velocity and temperature in the atmospheric surface layer (1996)

The probability density functions (pdf's) for the longitudinal and vertical velocities, temperature, their derivatives, and momentum and sensible heat fluxes were measured in the atmospheric surface layer for a wide range of atmospheric stability conditions. The measured pdf's for both the velocity and the temperature fluctuations are near‐Gaussian and consistent with corresponding laboratory measurements for near‐neutral and stable stability conditions. Hence the first‐ and second‐order moments are sufficient to predict the heat and momentum flux pdf's. The lower‐order moments can be estimated from mean meteorological conditions using surface layer similarity theory. For unstable conditions the pdf for temperature is non‐Gaussian and is strongly skewed due to local convective thermal plumes. For near‐neutral and stable conditions the pdf's for the velocity and temperature longitudinal gradients have long exponential tails, in agreement with findings in laboratory experiments and numerical simulations.
<title>Improved light sectioning resolution by optimized thresholding</title> (1997)

A common approach to structured light illumination is light stripe projection onto a surface topology and then analyzing the lateral displacements of the reflected pattern to reconstruct the surface topology. A single spatial frequency of a light stripe pattern may be used to illuminate a relatively flat surface. In the case of rough surfaces, the surface topology is encoded with a sequence of light stripe patterns with successively higher spatial frequencies. In both approaches, the maximum resolution is limited by the maximum spatial frequency used. However, the tradeoff between SNR blurring and spatial frequency limits the final reconstruction accuracy. That is, as spatial frequency increases, the projection systems's blurring function causes the light stripes to be coupled thereby decreasing the SNR of the reflected image. We present both mathematical and numerical models for this phenomenon which indicates that by laterally moving the light stripe pattern across the surface and optimally thresholding the image, we can achieve measurement density and accuracy beyond that achieved by increasing the frequency of a stationary light stripe pattern. the numerical model to be calibrated will accept experimental data. Theoretical and numerical results will be compared with experimental results.
Compensation of nonlinearities in a piezoelectric stack actuator with application in intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (2006)

A method for compensation of nonlinearities, mainly hysteresis, using augmented linear control for a piezoelectric stack actuator is presented in this paper, with its application in intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). The linear control, realized via a PID control, is enhanced by a regulated chatter signal with variation of duty cycle as well as direction (sign), with constant magnitude and period. The main idea is to augment the PID control signal, which does most of the feedback control, in a low hassle manner by increasing or decreasing the signal via the regulated chatter signal, which does most of the nonlinearities compensation. The variation of duty cycle and direction is updated via an iterative learning technique, taking into consideration the repetitive motion required in the ICSI application. This device is used for assisting oocyte (egg cell) penetration during ICSI process, where the actuator is required to drive a needle, containing a sperm cell, to penetrate an oocyte and then inject the sperm into the oocyte. This technique is able to satisfy the requirements of the process, where a highly-precise motion is mandatory.
High-Accuracy Joint Position and Orientation Estimation in Sparse 5G mmWave Channel (2019)

With the emergence of new 5G radio networks, high-accuracy positioning solutions are becoming extensively more important for numerous 5G-enabled applications and radio resource management tasks. In this paper, we focus on 5G mm-wave systems, and propose a method for high-accuracy estimation of the User Equipment (UE) position and antenna orientation. Based on the sparsity of the mm-wave channel, we utilize a compressive sensing approach for estimating the departure and arrival angles as well as the time-of-arrival for each observed radio propagation path. After this, in order to obtain statistical descriptions of the unknown parameters, we analytically derive a set of sampling distributions, which enable utilization of an iterative Gibbs sampling method. As shown by the obtained simulation results, the proposed method is able to achieve centimeter-level positioning accuracy with degree-level orientation accuracy, even in the absence of a line-of-sight path.
Brain stimulation and neuroscience robotics for induction and assessment of hallucinations (2023)

Abstract Although hallucinations are essential and frequent symptoms in major psychiatric and neurological diseases, little is known about their brain mechanisms. Moreover, hallucinations are unpredictable and private experiences, making their investigation, quantification, and assessment challenging. A significant shortcoming in hallucination research is the absence of methods able to induce specific and short-lasting hallucinations, which resemble clinical hallucinations, which can be elicited repeatedly and vary across experimental conditions. By integrating results on specific hallucinations from cortical stimulation in epilepsy patients with recent advances in cognitive neuroscience and robotics, we have designed a robotic procedure able to repeatedly induce a specific, clinically relevant hallucination in healthy individuals: presence hallucination (PH). Patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), who frequently experience PH in daily life, were shown to have abnormally elevated sensitivity to the robotic PH procedure, reflecting their abnormal cortical-subcortical networks. In ongoing clinical research, we are combining neuroscience robotics with deep brain stimulation, targeting control of hallucinations and related cognitive dysfunction in PD. Research Category and Technology and Methods Basic Research: 1. Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS)
IR spectroscopy as a high-throughput screening-technique for enantioselective hydrogen-transfer catalysts (2000)

A new high-throughput screening-technique based on IR spectroscopy has been developed for ruthenium catalysed asymmetric transfer-hydrogenation by comparing the reaction rate of the reduction of ketones using (R)- vs. (S)-secondary alcohol as the hydrogen donor.
Dielectric properties of a curing epoxy/amine system at microwave frequencies (1991)

Abstract Dielectric data collected at 2.45 × 10 9 Hz has been analyzed using a mean relaxation time model over the temperature range 50 to 100°C and at extents of cure from 0 to 57% for a stoichiometric DER 332 (Dow)/DDS (Aldrich) mixture. The relaxation times thus obtained obey the Arrhenius law and tend to increase with the extent of cure. This corresponds to the more rigid nature of the molecular structure as the network forms and the dipolar relaxations become more inhibited. Decreases in the activation energy of the relaxation along with a widening of the relaxation time distribution imply that the relaxations involve ever shorter chain segments as the extent of cure increases.