gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Is There a Better Source of Huperzine A than Huperzia serrata? Huperzine A Content of Huperziaceae Species in China (2005)

A precise and selective reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for quantifying huperzine A (HupA) in samples of the Huperziaceae in China. This method was used to quantify the levels of HupA in samples of Huperzia serrata collected from a single population at different times of the year, in different organs of the same H. serrata plant, and from different geographical locations of H. serrata plants in China. For different species of Huperziaceae, the highest content of HupA was found in Phlegmariurus carinatus. Members of the genus Phlegmariurus possessed higher levels of HupA than Huperzia species. H. serrata plants growing in humid forests contained significantly more HupA than plants growing in less humid environments. Finally, HupA content varied significantly by season, with the highest levels being found in mid fall and the lowest levels in early spring, suggesting that HupA is turned over in the plant.
Transcription-independent phosphorylation of the RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain (CTD) involves ERK kinases (MEK1/2) (1999)

The largest subunit of the mammalian RNA polymerase II possesses a C-terminal domain (CTD) consisting of 52 repeats of the consensus sequence, Tyr(1)-Ser(2)-Pro(3)-Thr(4)-Ser(5)-Pro(6)-Ser(7). Phosphorylation of the CTD is known to play a key role in gene expression. We now show that treatments such as osmotic and oxidative shocks or serum stimulation generate a new type of phosphorylated subunit, the IIm form. This IIm form might be generated in vivo by ERK-type MAP kinase phosphorylation as: (i) ERK1/2 are major CTD kinases found in cell extracts; (ii) the immunoreactivity of the IIm form against a panel of monoclonal antibodies indicates that the CTD is exclusively phosphorylated on Ser-5 in the repeats, like RNA polymerase II phosphorylated in vitro by an ERK1/2; and (iii) the IIm form does not appear when ERK activation is prevented by treating cells with low concentrations of highly specific inhibitors of MEK1/2. Since the IIm subunit is not affected by inhibition of transcription and is not bound to chromatin, it does not participate in transcription.
ASXL1 mutation is associated with poor prognosis and acute transformation in chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (2010)

Chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (CMML) is a haematological disease currently classified in the category of myelodysplastic syndromes/myeloproliferative neoplasm (MDS/MPN) because of its dual clinical and biological presentation. The molecular biology of CMML is poorly characterized. We studied a series of 53 CMML samples including 31 cases of myeloproliferative form (MP-CMML) and 22 cases of myelodysplastic forms (MD-CMML) using array-comparative genomic hybridisation (aCGH) and sequencing of 13 candidate genes including ASXL1, CBL, FLT3, IDH1, IDH2, JAK2, KRAS, NPM1, NRAS, PTPN11, RUNX1, TET2 and WT1. Mutations in ASXL1 and in the genes associated with proliferation (CBL, FLT3, PTPN11, NRAS) were mainly found in MP-CMML cases. Mutations of ASXL1 correlated with an evolution toward an acutely transformed state: all CMMLs that progressed to acute phase were mutated and none of the unmutated patients had evolved to acute leukaemia. The overall survival of ASXL1 mutated patients was lower than that of unmutated patients.
Neural Tolerance of the Non-Ionic Dimers Iodixanol and Iotrolan and the Non-Ionic Monomer Iopamidol during Myelography in Non-Anaesthetised Rabbits (1995)

The results indicate that the neural tolerance in the rabbit of iodixanol is higher than that of iotrolan, and is at least equal to that of iopamidol.
Lithium-Sulfur Battery Technology Readiness and Applications—A Review (2017)

Lithium Sulfur (Li-S) battery is generally considered as a promising technology where high energy density is required at different applications. Over the past decade, there has been an ever increasing volume of Li-S academic research spanning materials development, fundamental understanding and modelling, and application-based control algorithm development. In this study, the Li-S battery technology, its advantages and limitations from the fundamental perspective are firstly discussed. In the second part of this study, state-of-the-art Li-S cell modelling and state estimation techniques are reviewed with a focus on practical applications. The existing studies on Li-S cell equivalent-circuit-network modelling and state estimation techniques are then discussed. A number of challenges in control of Li-S battery are also explained such as the flat open-circuit-voltage curve and high sensitivity of Li-S cell’s behavior to temperature variation. In the last part of this study, current and future applications of Li-S battery are mentioned.
Overview of the TREC-2012 Microblog Track. (2012)

The Microblog track examines search tasks and evaluation meth-odologies for information seeking behaviours in microblogging en-vironments such as Twitter. It was first introduced in 2011, address-ing a real-time adhoc search task, whereby the user wishes to see
An in-situ monitoring system for characterizing porous silicon growth (2008)

The production of high quality optical devices based on porous silicon relies on having precise control over the refractive index and thickness of each porous silicon layer. Until now this has been achieved by pre-calibrating each growth system and making sure that parameters such as wafer doping, electrolyte concentration and temperature are kept constant with each fabrication. However low doped silicon required for IR based silicon photonics has significant non-uniformity in the index and growth rate during formation of the porous silicon. The solution we have developed is based on realtime in-situ monitoring of low-doped silicon during porous silicon growth. This process rapidly measures the optical interference between the porous silicon film and the backside silicon surface. The optical light source comes from six coarse-wavelength-division-multiplexed lasers, with rapid switching between wavelengths achieved using a microelectromechanical switch. The system permits rapid measurement (&lt;1 sec) of the reflection spectra from all lasers, enabling real-time thickness and refractive index of each layer to be determined during growth. Our aim is to enable growth of high quality multi-layer films such as those required for Bragg Reflectors and high-Q Fabry-Perot microcavities. In this paper we briefly describe the instrument, the numerical models developed to gather the measurements, and show preliminary results gathered from this instrument during growth. The results show a good agreement with theoretical optical modelling, and also direct measurements of the porous silicon layers.
InP waveguide-integrated pin-photodiode hybrid packaged with an HBT-DEMUX-chip for receiver modules of 80&#x2013;100 Gb/s data rates (2008)

A waveguide-integrated photodetector is hybrid packaged with an HBT-DEMUX into a receiver module for system experiments. The pin-DEMUX module has demonstrated an excellent RF behaviour at bit rates up to 80 Gb/s.
Adsorptive capacity of active filter aids for used cooking oil (1992)

Many materials are purported to adsorb polar compounds that are the result of degradation of oils used for deep‐fat frying. In the present study, the capacity of several of these adsorbents in terms of the amount of polar oil degradation compounds adsorbed by a given weight of material was determined. A significant difference in the adsorptive characteristics and capacity of the materials tested was demonstrated. Adsorptive capacity varied from 0 to over 150 mg of total polar compounds per gram of adsorbent. Some of the materials demonstrated selective adsorption characteristics. For these materials, only one class of polar compounds was adsorbed.
Dark noise in a CMOS imager pixel with negative bias on transfer gate (2011)

Negative bias on transfer gate in 4-transistor CMOS imager pixel is an efficient way to reduce dark current generated at the Si-SiO2 interface. But further lowering of negative bias increases dark current noise. In this paper, detailed cause analysis of dark current noise generated when negative bias is applied and the key technology to reduce the dark current noise are shown. The dark output level of hot pixel follows a Trap-Assisted-Tunneling (TAT) dark current electric field dependency. Device simulation shows that the generation of high electric field is attributed to the large voltage difference between the high concentration hole accumulation layer under negatively biased transfer gate and n- layer of FD edge along transfer gate. The reduction of dark current in FD is experimentally observed when the n- dopnat concentration at FD edge is decreased and when a gate insulator thickness is increased. The results show that the mechanism of the dark current increase is Gate-Induced-Leak (GIL) TAT generated by high electric field at the edge of a FD along negatively biased transfer gate. The reduction of the maximum electric filed at the FD edge by reducing FD dopant concentration is one of the key to suppress the GIL - TAT dark current.
A Comparative Transcriptomics Workflow for Analyzing Microarray Data From CHO Cell Cultures (2017)

Microarray‐based comparative transcriptomics analysis is a powerful tool to understand therapeutic protein producing mammalian cell lines at the gene expression level. However, an integrated analysis workflow specifically designed for end‐to‐end analysis of microarray data for CHO cells, the most prevalent host for commercial recombinant protein production, is lacking. To address this gap, an automated data analysis workflow in R that leverages public domain analysis modules is developed to analyze microarray based gene expression data. In addition to testing the global transcriptome differences of CHO cells at different conditions, the workflow identifies differentially expressed genes and pathways with intuitive visualizations as the outputs. The utility of this automated workflow is demonstrated by comparing the transcriptomic profiles of recombinant protein expressing CHO cells with and without a temperature shift. Statistically significant differential expression at the gene, pathway, and global transcriptome levels are identified and visualized. An automated workflow like the one developed in this study will enable rapid translation of CHO culture microarray data into biologically relevant information for mechanism‐driven cell line optimization and bioprocess development.
Effects of (110)-oriented corner compensation structures on membrane quality and convex corner integrity in (100)-silicon using aqueous KOH (1995)

To preserve the shape of convex corners when etching in aqueous KOH, corner compensation structures have to be used. The etching of convex corners is due to the fact that some planes etch faster than others, resulting in a loss of the desired structure. By adding extra structures at these convex corners, these structures will be removed during etching resulting in the desired convex corners. The basic corner compensation structures reported in the literature are oriented along the (100) direction or the (110) direction. This paper shows a step-by-step analysis of the etching of these structures. The results show that the (411) planes are responsible for the undercutting, which implies that a perfect compensation of a convex corner using structures oriented along the (100) direction is not possible. Moreover, it is shown that each compensation structure leaves an imprint on the membrane, which cannot be removed by further etching, as the convex corner would otherwise be etched.
Erratum: Reformulation of the Representation of Transport Coefficients Using the Autocorrelation Function Formalism and the Linear-Trajectory Approximation (1968)

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Hybrid approach to Bayesian image reconstruction (2003)

The approximate extended Kalman filter (AEKF) has been suggested as an appropriate inverse method for reconstructing fluorescent properties in large tissue samples from frequency domain data containing measurement error. The AEKF is an “optimal” estimator, in that it seeks to minimize the predicted error variances of the estimated optical properties in relation to measurement and system errors. However, due to non-linearities in the recursive estimation process, the updates are actually suboptimal. Furthermore, the computational overhead is large for the full AEKF algorithm when applied to large datasets. In this contribution we developed three hybrid forms of the AEKF algorithm that may improve the performance in frequency domain fluorescence tomography. Numerical results of image reconstruction from actual frequency domain emission data show that one hybrid form of the AEKF outperforms the traditional full AEKF in both image quality and computational efficiency for the two cases tested.
Overtone spectra of C–H oscillators in cold molecules (1988)

The C–H stretch overtone spectra of methane (5–0), ethylene (5–0 and 6–0), ethane (5–0 and 6–0), propyne (4–0 and 5–0 acetylenic and 5–0 methyl C–H stretches), allene (5–0), propane (5–0 and 6–0), cyclopropane (5–0 and 6–0), dimethyl ether (5–0), and isobutane (5–0) have been recorded at temperatures between 143 and 189 K, depending on the molecule. A comparison is made to the spectra obtained at room temperature, with the goal of improved understanding of the band shapes. The temperature dependence of most of the observed bands is found to be significantly less than that expected for ‘‘simple’’ bands. For these small to medium size hydrocarbons, the temperature independence of the overtone bands is found to correlate loosely with the density of states and with the degree of saturation. Other factors are important determinants of spectral widths and temperature independence as well, such as conformational inequivalence of the C–H oscillators, and the number and positions of the oscillators. It is concluded that the vast majority of hydrocarbon C–H stretch high overtone bands have upper states which are extensively mixed with other states. This is the case even for most of the relatively small hydrocarbons. This mixing produces a broadening effect and greatly increases the transition density, thereby diluting the oscillator strength of the rovibrational transitions from that of the zero-order approximation. The Fermi resonance type of interaction appears to be of greater importance than the Coriolis type in determining the appearance of the high overtone bands.
Digresiones entre arte contemporáneo y nuevas tecnologías: entrevista a Lino García Morales (2016)

Lino Garcia Morales es un profesor energico y cortes, de mirada inteligente y gesto galante. Nuestro entrevistado es actualmente profesor en la Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, en el Departamento de Teoria de la Senal y Comunicaciones. Doctor por la Escuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenieros de Telecomunicacion de la Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, con un perfil marcadamente tecnico, Lino Garcia ha dirigido su carrera hacia la confluencia entre el arte y la tecnologia, dedicandose especialmente a la investigacion relacionada con la conservacion y restauracion de Arte Contemporaneo. En efecto, es tambien Doctor por la Facultad de Artes y Comunicacion de la Universidad Europea de Madrid con una tesis titulada Conservacion y Restauracion de Arte Digital.
The molecular basis of multidrug resistance in cancer: The early years of P‐glycoprotein research (2005)

The discovery and characterization of P-glycoprotein, an energy-dependent multidrug efflux pump, as a mechanism of multidrug resistance in cancer is generally accepted as a significant contribution to the ongoing effort to end death and suffering from this disease. The historical reflections of Victor Ling and Michael Gottesman concerning the early years of this research highlight the important contributions of the multidisciplinary teams involved in these studies, and illustrate how technological developments in biochemistry and molecular and cell biology enabled this discovery.
Spectrophotometric determination of micro amounts of cyanide by solvent extraction with Methylene Blue. (1985)

シアン化物イオンとメチレンブルーの混合溶液に硫黄のジクロロエタン溶液を加えて振り混ぜると,シアン化物イオンと硫黄が反応してチオシアン酸イオンを生成し,それがメチレンブルーとのイオン対として1,2-ジクロロエタンに抽出される。この有機相の吸光度を波長657nmで測定することにより,1×10-5Mまでのシアン化物イオンを定量することができる。シアン化物イオンの濃度と吸光度との間には良好な直線関係が得られ,波長657mmにおける見掛けのモル吸光係数と吸光度0.001に対するSandell表示感度は,それぞれ8.67×104cm-1mol-1?と3.0×10-4μgCN-cm-2であった。6×10-6Mシアン化物イオン溶液10mlずつを用いて11回繰り返し実験を行ったところ,対試薬から試験液の平均吸光度が0.517で,標準偏差と相対標準偏差は吸光度単位でそれぞれ0.005と1.0%であった。
Fiber Optic Plasmonic Sandwich Immunosensor: Influence of AuNP Label Size and Concentration (2018)

This study demonstrates the effect of size and concentration of the gold nanoparticles (AuNP) labels on the sensitivity of evanescent wave absorbance (EWA) based fiber optic sandwich immunobiosensor. A plasmonic sandwich immunoassay using human Immunoglobulin G (HIgG) and goat anti-HIgG (GaHIgG) was performed on a U-bent polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) based plastic optical fiber (POF) probe (core diameter 500 μm and bend diameter 1.4 mm). Enhanced EWA response was observed with 60 nm AuNP labels for the analyte concentration 1 μg/ml in comparison to 20, 40 and 80 nm AuNP labels. Furthermore, on optimizing the GAbs concentration the sensitivity of the sensor enhanced significantly with 20× 60 nm labels with a LOD of 100 fg/ml. The advantages such as ease in fiber probe handling and simple instrumentation are highly promising for development of fiberoptic biosensors for various applications.
Modeling Air Flow Dynamics in Radon Mitigation Systems: A Simplified Approach (1991)

Subslab air flow dynamics provide important diagnostic information for designing optimal radon mitigation systems based on the subslab depressurization technique. In this paper, it is suggested that subslab air flow induced by a central suction point be treated as radial air flow through a porous bed contained between two impermeable disks. Next, we show that subslab air flow is most likely to be turbulent under actual field situations in houses with subslab gravel beds, while remaining laminar when soil is present under the slab. The physical significance of this model is discussed and simplified closedform equations are derived to predict pressure and flows at various distances from a single central depressurization point. A laboratory apparatus was built in order to verify our model and experimentally determine the model coefficients of the pressure drop versus flow for commonly encountered subslab gravel materials. These pressure drop coefficients can be used in conjunction with our simplified model as a rational means of assessing subslab connectivity in actual houses, which is an important aspect of the pre-mitigation diagnostic phase. Preliminary field verification results in a house with gravel under the basement slab are presented and discussed.
Hypothalamic PGC-1α Protects Against High-Fat Diet Exposure by Regulating ERα (2014)

High-fat diets (HFDs) lead to obesity and inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS). Estrogens and estrogen receptor α (ERα) protect premenopausal females from the metabolic complications of inflammation and obesity-related disease. Here, we demonstrate that hypothalamic PGC-1α regulates ERα and inflammation in vivo. HFD significantly increased palmitic acid (PA) and sphingolipids in the CNS of male mice when compared to female mice. PA, in vitro, and HFD, in vivo, reduced PGC-1α and ERα in hypothalamic neurons and astrocytes of male mice and promoted inflammation. PGC-1α depletion with ERα overexpression significantly inhibited PA-induced inflammation, confirming that ERα is a critical determinant of the anti-inflammatory response. Physiologic relevance of ERα-regulated inflammation was demonstrated by reduced myocardial function in male, but not female, mice following chronic HFD exposure. Our findings show that HFD/PA reduces PGC-1α and ERα, promoting inflammation and decrements in myocardial function in a sex-specific way.
Effect of feeding on conjugated cis Δ9, trans Δ11‐octadecadienoic acid and other isomers of linoleic acid in bovine milk fats (1997)

Almost 2000 bovine milk fats were analysed by gas chromatography to investigate the influence of typical barn and pasture feeding of cows on trans-C18:2 isomers (with at least one trans double bond) including the conjugated linoleic acid cis delta9, trans delta11 (c9,t11) as well as the cis delta9, cis delta12 linoleic acid. Moreover, small cow herds were used to determine the influence of pasture Feeding with young and older grass as well as the impact of an energy deficit or the variation of quantity and technical treatment of fed rape-seed on the content of C18:2 isomers in milk fat. The contents of trans-C18:2 (w/o c9,t11) and c9,t11 in 1756 milk fats on average amounted to 0.63% resp. 0.75%. These contents increased from barn feeding, in winter with 0.46% resp. 0.45% over the transiton period in spring and late autumn with 0.66% resp. 0.76% to pasture feeding in summer with 0.87% resp. 1.20%. Milk fat samples from bulk milk obtained weekly during one year from 4 large West German milk collection areas confirmed and completed the data found for the 1756 milk fats. The percentage of linoleic acid with a mean value of 1.24 (n = 1756) varied irregularly during the different feeding periods. The content of the conjugated linoleic acid c9,t11 could be raised considerably up to triple the normal amount by different changes in feeding. However, the content of trans-C18:1 fatty acids was strongly increased as well, respectively.
Benztropine Identification and Quantitation in a Suicidal Overdose* (1994)

For a human fatality involving suspected overdose with the anticholinergic agent benztropine, GC-MS analysis was utilized for identification, quantitation, and investigation of metabolism. Organic extracts of blood and urine were analyzed by a capillary-column gas chromatograph interfaced with an ion-trap mass spectrometer, which was programmed for wide-spectrum data acquisition. Electron impact and chemical ionization were used for benztropine detection. The chemical structures of the ion fragments are proposed. Benztropine-d3 was synthesized and used as an internal standard. Quantitative determinations of benztropine revealed 0.183 mg/L in blood and 7.12 mg/L in urine from the decedent. Drug concentrations were interpreted relative to the case findings, published data, and a limited evaluation of the therapeutic concentrations in psychiatric patients. In addition, the possible metabolic conversion to norbenztropine was investigated by the synthesis of the norbenztropine derivative. Chromatographic evaluation of samples from the case study did not reveal significant bioconversion via the N-desmethylation pathway.
Use of Serologic Markers as a Screening Tool in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Compared With Elevated Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate and Anemia (2006)

As a pediatric inflammatory bowel disease screening strategy for the general pediatrician or gastroenterologist, the measurement of the combination of erythrocyte sedimentation rate and hemoglobin has a higher positive predictive value and is more sensitive, more specific, and less costly than commercial serologic testing.