gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hollow Cu2Se Nanozymes for Tumor Photothermal-Catalytic Therapy (2019)

Tumor microenvironment (TME)-mediated cancer therapy, such as chemodynamic therapy (CDT) based on Fenton reaction, has attracted extensive attention in recent years. However, efficient Fenton reactions usually require stringent reaction conditions (low pH value and sufficient H2O2). Therefore, there is an urgent need to improve the efficiency of Fenton reaction within the tumor for enhanced CDT in cancer treatment. Herein, Cu2Se hollow nanocubes (HNCs) are successfully prepared via an anion exchange method using Cu2O nanocubes (NCs) as the template. This method is also successfully used to synthesize Cu2S or CuSSe HNCs with the similar structure. By tuning the reaction time in the process of transforming Cu2O NCs into Cu2Se HNCs, Cu2Se HNCs with optimized performances in high NIR II photothermal conversion efficiency (50.89%) and good Fenton-like properties are obtained. After surface coating, PEGylated Cu2Se HNCs show good water dispersibility and biocompatibility. Importantly, in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate the significant synergistic effect of combining photothermal therapy (PTT) and CDT based on PEG-Cu2Se HNCs, achieving greatly enhanced efficacy than that obtained by PTT or CDT alone. Moreover, such PEG-Cu2Se HNCs appear to be rather safe for treated animals without noticeable long-term toxicity.
High-Yield Separation of Metallic and Semiconducting Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes by Agarose Gel Electrophoresis (2008)

We have developed a novel separation method of metallic and semiconducting single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) using agarose gel electrophoresis. When the SWCNTs were isolated with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and embedded in agarose gel, only the metallic SWCNTs separated from the starting gel by an electric field. After 20 min, almost all SWCNTs applied to gel electrophoresis were separated into two fractions, containing ∼95% semiconducting and ∼70% metallic nanotubes. The difference in the response to the electric field between metallic and semiconducting SWCNTs can be explained by the higher affinity of semiconducting SWCNTs to agarose than to SDS.
Long Reach Manipulator Demonstrations for Tank Waste Retrieval (1998)

The Hanford Tanks Initiative (HTI) project contracted with commercial vendor teams to demonstrate retrieval technologies for removing radioactive and hazardous waste from Hanford single-shell tanks located in Richland, Washington. The goal of this testing was to address issues related to tank waste retrieval to minimize the risk, uncertainties, and, ultimately, reduce the overall cost of removing waste from the Hanford tanks. Two of these demonstrations involved the use of long reach manipulators to deploy waste retrieval end effectors. This paper highlights the manipulator-based retrieval systems demonstrations and analyzes the testing issues that need further resolution.
Extrasolar Giant Planets under Strong Stellar Irradiation (1998)

We investigate the effects on extrasolar giant planets [EGPs] of intense irradiation by their parent stars, describing the issues involved in treating the model atmosphere problem correctly. We treat the radiative transfer in detail, allowing the flux from the parent star to interact with all relevant depths of the planetary atmosphere, with no need for a pre-assumed albedo. We present a low-resolution optical and near-IR spectrum of a close-in EGP, focusing on the differences from an isolated planet. In our dust-free planetary atmospheres we find that Rayleigh scattering increases the EGP's flux by orders of magnitude shortward of the CaII H&amp;K doublet (393 nm), and the spectral features of the parent star are exactly reflected. In the optical and near-IR the thermal absorption of the planet takes over, but the absorption features are changed by the irradiation. The inclusion of dust increases the reflected flux in the blue; the stellar spectral lines can be seen blueward of H-beta (486 nm).
Development of a disease‐specific quality‐of‐life questionnaire for anterior and central skull base pathology—The skull base inventory (2012)

The Skull Base Inventory is a disease-specific quality-of-life instrument. Psychometric properties have yet to be tested. It may serve to compare quality of life for endoscopic or open procedures.
THE MEASURING METHOD OF SAND DENSITY USING THE SPLIT SPOON SAMPLER WITH BUILT-IN TUBE (2000)

簡易で経済的なサンプリングが可能となるサンプラーを用いて精度の良い地盤情報 (密度, 物理的性質) を大量に入手し, これを各種力学定数と関係付ければ, 解析・設計の信頼性が向上し, 建設事業費の縮減が期待できる. 本研究では, そのようなサンプラーの一つである二重管式標準貫入試験器による砂の試料採取機構や密度測定精度を明らかにした上で, 試料の密度補正式の誘導, 最大粒径に関する適用範囲の検討を行った. そして, 二重管式標準貫入試験器による実用的な砂地盤の密度測定方法を提案し. 密度を基にした砂のせん断抵抗角φdの推定事例を示した.
Cocaine conditioned place preference: unexpected suppression of preference due to testing combined with strong conditioning (2018)

Conditioned place preference (CPP) is widely used for evaluating the rewarding effects of drugs. Like other memories, CPP is proposed to undergo reconsolidation during which it is unstable and sensitive to pharmacological inhibition. Previous studies have shown that cocaine CPP can be apparently erased by extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway inhibition during cocaine reconditioning (re-exposure to the drug-paired environment in the presence of the drug). Here, we show that blockade of D1 receptors during reconditioning prevented ERK activation and induced a loss of CPP. However, we also unexpectedly observed a CPP disappearance in mice that underwent testing and reconditioning with cocaine alone, specifically in strong conditioning conditions. The loss was due to the intermediate test. CPP was not recovered with reconditioning or priming in the short term, but it spontaneously reappeared after a month. When we challenged the D1 antagonist-mediated erasure, we observed that both a high dose of cocaine and a first CPP test were required for this effect. Our results also suggest a balance between D1-dependent ERK pathway activation and an A2a-dependent mechanism in D2 striatal neurons in controlling CPP expression. Our data reveal that, paradoxically, a simple CPP test can induce a complete (but transient) loss of place preference following strong but not weak cocaine conditioning. This study emphasizes the complex nature of CPP memory and the importance of multiple parameters that must be taken into consideration when investigating reconsolidation.
Hysteroscopic Examination of the Uterus (2021)

Hysteroscopy is the term used for direct visualization of the interior of the uterus using a videoendoscope or fiberoptic endoscope. The true value of an endoscopic examination is detection of pathologic abnormalities within the uterine lumen that cannot be diagnosed by traditional diagnostic techniques. This chapter gives step-by-step instructions with interpretative information, as well as useful equipment lists for hysteroscopic examination of the uterus. Endometrial cysts, free fluid within the uterine lumen, and foreign bodies are usually detectable by ultrasound. Similarly, a majority of infectious, inflammatory, and degenerative conditions of the uterus can be detected by culture, cytology, or biopsy. It is recommended that broad-spectrum antibiotics be infused into the uterus after the endoscopic procedure.
A Bacterial β1–3-Galactosyltransferase Enables Multigram-Scale Synthesis of Human Milk Lacto-N-tetraose (LNT) and Its Fucosides (2019)

β1-3-Linked galactosides such as Galβ1‒3GlcNAcβOR are common carbohydrate motifs found in human milk oligosaccharides (HMOSs), glycolipids, and glycoproteins. Efficient and scalable enzymatic syntheses of these structures have proven challenging due to the lack of access to a highly active β1‒3-galactosyltransferase (β3GalT) in large amounts. Previously reported <i>E. coli</i> β3GalT (EcWbgO) has been identified as a limiting factor for producing a β1-3-galactose-terminated human milk oligosaccharide lacto-<i>N</i>-tetraose (LNT) by fermentation. Here we report the identification of an EcWbgO homolog from <i>C. violaceum</i> (Cvβ3GalT) which showed a high efficiency in catalyzing the formation of LNT from lacto-<i>N</i>-triose (LNT II). With the highly active Cvβ3GalT, multigram-scale (>10 gram) synthesis of LNT from lactose was achieved using a sequential one-pot multienzyme (OPME) glycosylation process. The access to Cvβ3GalT enabled enzymatic synthesis of several fucosylated HMOSs with or without further sialylation including LNFP II, S-LNF II, LNDFH I, LNFP V, and DiFuc-LNT. Among these, LNFP V and DiFuc-LNT would not be accessible by enzymatic synthesis if an active β3GalT were not available.
Schichtentwicklung für Hochtemperatur- NOx Gassensoren (2006)

Übersichtsvortrag zu den Aktivitäten des Instituts für Werkstoff-Forschung auf dem Gebiet der Hochtemperatur NOx Gasensorik.
Remote automatic doorman via the internet (2002)

Using a low-end PC and a Web browser to operate a door two buildings away.
Adding Anti-CD20 Antibody to First-Line Chemotherapy Improves Response in Previously Untreated NHL (2003)

This special supplement to Oncology News International includes updated results of studies with anti-CD20 therapy and other targeted therapies in the treatment of lymphomas, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and immune thrombocytopenic purpura. The results were presented at the American Society of Hematology 44th Annual Meeting in Philadelphia, December 6 to 10, 2002.
Energy scavenging and power management in networks of autonomous microsensors (2006)

Networks of autonomous microsensors promise to revolutionize the way people interact with electronics, enabling ambient intelligence. In this paper we investigate different energy scavenging options in real applications to find out which devices are more suitable to power a microsensor having a volume of only 100 mm3. Photovoltaic cells are the most promising power generators when a power level of 100 µW is required. If the power consumption can be reduced to about 10 µW, MEMS-based vibration-driven scavengers and thermoelectric generators can also be used.\nThe paper presents as well a power management architecture that enables the use of a scavenger as power source, and discusses some consequences of the limited available volume on power electronics.
The measurement of neutral beam thermal profiles on 'V'-shaped calorimeters (2002)

It is customary in high power neutral beam systems to use a 'V'-shaped calorimeter to stop and measure the beam. With proper instrumentation, it is possible to determine both the neutral beam power and divergence. By utilizing a near-grazing angle of incidence, the area over which the beam is in contact with the surface is increased, thereby decreasing the power density over the case of normal incidence. Thermocouples on the back of the calorimeter, in conjunction with real time fitting algorithms, are used to deduce the divergence from the thermal profile. This measurement implicitly assumes that the measured-profile corresponds to that of the incident beam. It is shown that such is not the case. Energetic particle reflection at near-grazing angle causes the thermal profile on the calorimeter to be more peaked than the incident distribution. The implications of this on the non-linear multiple regression technique of determining the divergence are discussed. With the aid of a reflection model, developed and applied to the beam from a typical TFTR ion source, it is shown that a peaked power density can be modelled. Neural networks are being studied as a means of supplanting the older regression technique of measuring divergence. Y-direction divergences have been successfully derived using a one-dimensional neural network.
Response and remission rates with adjunctive aripiprazole in patients with major depressive disorder who exhibit minimal or no improvement on antidepressant monotherapy (2014)

Patients with minimal or no improvement after 8 weeks of antidepressant monotherapy significantly benefited from adjunctive aripiprazole treatment, supporting the efficacy of this treatment for MDD patients with all levels of response to ADT.
The third K. Prathap memorial lecture. Effects of antibiotics on bacterial pathogenicity. (1988)

Pathogenicity is a complex process which results from interaction between bacteria and their Its definition is: the competence of an infectious agent t o produce pathologic effects, as indicated by case fatality rates and/or ability t o invade tissues of host. A successful pathogen must exhibit all of fo!lowing properties: Enter host, multiply in host tissue, resist or not stimulate host defences, and most of all produce damage t o Bacterial factors which affect or contribute directly t o pathogenicity of bacteria are: their morphology, rate of replication (growth rate), biochemical products of metabolism (toxins, enzymes, antibiotic-
The visna virus long terminal repeat directs expression of a reporter gene in activated macrophages, lymphocytes, and the central nervous systems of transgenic mice (1989)

Visna virus is a lentivirus which causes a slow progressive disease involving the immune system and the central nervous system. To determine the role of the viral long terminal repeat (LTR) in targeting the virus to specific host cells and tissues, transgenic mice were constructed which contained the visna virus LTR directing expression of the bacterial gene encoding chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT). Analysis of the transgenic mouse tissues for CAT activity revealed that the viral LTR was responsible, in part, for the tropism of visna virus for macrophages and the central nervous system. Expression of the LTR required the macrophage to be in an activated state both in vivo and in vitro. Thioglycolate activation of peritoneal macrophages in vivo and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate treatment in vitro induced expression of the visna virus LTR. Lymphocytes from the spleens of the transgenic mice expressed CAT activity, suggesting that visna virus was able to replicate in lymphocytes, as did human immunodeficiency virus and simian immunodeficiency virus. These studies demonstrated that the lentivirus LTR was responsible, in part, for cell and tissue tropism in vivo.
An Improved RANSAC for 3D Point Cloud Plane Segmentation Based on Normal Distribution Transformation Cells (2017)

Plane segmentation is a basic task in the automatic reconstruction of indoor and urban environments from unorganized point clouds acquired by laser scanners. As one of the most common plane-segmentation methods, standard Random Sample Consensus (RANSAC) is often used to continually detect planes one after another. However, it suffers from the spurious-plane problem when noise and outliers exist due to the uncertainty of randomly sampling the minimum subset with 3 points. An improved RANSAC method based on Normal Distribution Transformation (NDT) cells is proposed in this study to avoid spurious planes for 3D point-cloud plane segmentation. A planar NDT cell is selected as a minimal sample in each iteration to ensure the correctness of sampling on the same plane surface. The 3D NDT represents the point cloud with a set of NDT cells and models the observed points with a normal distribution within each cell. The geometric appearances of NDT cells are used to classify the NDT cells into planar and non-planar cells. The proposed method is verified on three indoor scenes. The experimental results show that the correctness exceeds 88.5% and the completeness exceeds 85.0%, which indicates that the proposed method identifies more reliable and accurate planes than standard RANSAC. It also executes faster. These results validate the suitability of the method.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS, SPECTRA, AND CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF 6,7,14,15‐TETRAHYDROBISBENZIMIDAZO(1,2‐A,1′,2′‐E)(1,5)DIAZOCINE (1976)

Abstract Das Pyridiniumbromid (I) reagiert mit den Phenylendiaminen (II) zu den Benzimidazolen (III), die beim Rückflußkochen in Pyridin oder Acetonitril in die Diazocinderivate (IV) übergehen.
Isolation and charactrization of a morphologic variant of chinese hamster (CHO) cells (1980)

An epithelioid clone of Chinese hamster (CHO) cells which is spontaneously transformed was exposed to the mutagen N-methyl-N-Nitro-N-Nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), and a fibroblastic variant, clone CHO-F2, was isolated. This clone is partially reverted in several of the in vitro properties characteristic of transformed cells. When compared to wild type CHO, CHO-F2 has a longer doubling time, a lower saturation density and less piling up at high cell density, and a higher serum requirement. CHO-F2 also elaborates less plasminogen activator and has more abundant microtubules and actin cables. On the other hand, both CHO and CHO-F2 grow in agar suspension (although CHO-F2 grows with a lower efficiency), both lack detectable LETS protein, and both are tumorigenic in nude mice. Thus, expression of the individual properties frequently associated with transformation and tumorigenicity can be dissociated. The most critical biochemical change in CHO-F2 appears to be an increase in the intracellular level of cyclic AMP, when compared to CHO, and several growth and morphological properties of CHO-F2 resemble those induced in wild type CHO exposed to exogenous dibutyryl cyclic AMP. The role of cyclic AMP in expression of the transformed phenotype and the significance of individual in vitro parameters of transformation with respect to tumorigenicity are discussed.
Interleukin-8 and Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 Regulation in Oral Epithelial Cells by Selected Periodontal Bacteria: Multiple Effects ofPorphyromonas gingivalisvia Antagonistic Mechanisms (2001)

Interaction of bacteria with mucosal surfaces can modulate the production of proinflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules produced by epithelial cells. Previously, we showed that expression of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) by gingival epithelial cells increases following interaction with several putative periodontal pathogens. In contrast, expression of IL-8 and ICAM-1 is reduced after Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277 challenge. In the present study, we investigated the mechanisms that govern the regulation of these two molecules in bacterially infected gingival epithelial cells. Experimental approaches included bacterial stimulation of gingival epithelial cells by either a brief challenge (1.5 to 2 h) or a continuous coculture throughout the incubation period. The kinetics of IL-8 and ICAM-1 expression following brief challenge were such that (i) secretion of IL-8 by gingival epithelial cells reached its peak 2 h following Fusobacterium nucleatum infection whereas it rapidly decreased within 2 h after P. gingivalis infection and remained decreased up to 30 h and (ii) IL-8 and ICAM-1 mRNA levels were up-regulated rapidly 2 to 4 h postinfection and then decreased to basal levels 8 to 20 h after infection with either Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, F. nucleatum, or P. gingivalis. Attenuation of IL-8 secretion was facilitated by adherent P. gingivalis strains. The IL-8 secreted from epithelial cells after F. nucleatum stimulation could be down-regulated by subsequent infection with P. gingivalis or its culture supernatant. Although these results suggested that IL-8 attenuation at the protein level might be associated with P. gingivalis proteases, the Arg- and Lys-gingipain proteases did not appear to be solely responsible for IL-8 attenuation. In addition, while P. gingivalis up-regulated IL-8 mRNA expression, this effect was overridden when the bacteria were continuously cocultured with the epithelial cells. The IL-8 mRNA levels in epithelial cells following sequential challenge with P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum and vice versa were approximately identical and were lower than those following F. nucleatum challenge alone and higher than control levels or those following P. gingivalis challenge alone. Thus, together with the protease effect, P. gingivalis possesses a powerful strategy to ensure the down-regulation of IL-8 and ICAM-1.
On the Possibility of Creating Absolute Negative Conductivity in a Local Stationary Plasma With an Inverse EDF (2022)

It is demonstrated that the phenomenon of absolute negative electron mobility (ANG) in the homogeneous stationary plasma has a subtle effect when the solution of the Boltzmann kinetic equation is exclusively reduced to the local plasma-chemical balance of electron production and loss. Even if strong electron attachment allows to realize an inverse electron distribution function (EDF), the sign of the electron mobility depends on whether the contribution of the electronegative impurity is also taken into account or not in the increase of the electron scattering transport frequency. In an example of a typical argon–fluorine mixture, it is shown that when real electron collision cross sections are used, the ANG of electrons is not realized even for an inverse EDF. A similar result is obtained when solving a model problem with strong electron attachment: even EDF inversion near-zero energies does not ensure the creation of an ANG. Since a real laboratory plasma is spatially inhomogeneous, in order to find the EDF, it is necessary to solve the complete kinetic equation, which depends on both energy and space variables. Under these conditions, the divergence of the spatial flow is an additional source (or sink), which can thereby ensure the formation of a stationary absolute negative conductivity (ANC).
Residues on Adeno-associated Virus Capsid Lumen Dictate Interactions and Compatibility with the Assembly-Activating Protein (2019)

The adeno-associated virus (AAV) serves as a broadly used vector system for <i>in vivo</i> gene delivery. The process of AAV capsid assembly remains poorly understood. The viral cofactor assembly-activating protein (AAP) is required for maximum AAV production and has multiple roles in capsid assembly, namely, trafficking of the structural proteins (VP) to the nuclear site of assembly, promoting the stability of VP against multiple degradation pathways, and facilitating stable interactions between VP monomers. The N-terminal 60 amino acids of AAP (AAPN) are essential for these functions. Presumably, AAP must physically interact with VP to execute its multiple functions, but the molecular nature of the AAP-VP interaction is not well understood. Here, we query how structurally related AAVs functionally engage AAP from AAV serotype 2 (AAP2) toward virion assembly. These studies led to the identification of key residues on the lumenal capsid surface that are important for AAP-VP and for VP-VP interactions. Replacing a cluster of glutamic acid residues with a glutamine-rich motif on the conserved VP beta-barrel structure of variants incompatible with AAP2 creates a gain-of-function mutant compatible with AAP2. Conversely, mutating positively charged residues within the hydrophobic region of AAP2 and conserved core domains within AAPN creates a gain-of-function AAP2 mutant that rescues assembly of the incompatible variant. Our results suggest a model for capsid assembly where surface charge/neutrality dictates an interaction between AAPN and the lumenal VP surface to nucleate capsid assembly.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Efforts to engineer the AAV capsid to gain desirable properties for gene therapy (e.g., tropism, reduced immunogenicity, and higher potency) require that capsid modifications do not affect particle assembly. The relationship between VP and the cofactor that facilitates its assembly, AAP, is central to both assembly preservation and vector production. Understanding the requirements for this compatibility can inform manufacturing strategies to maximize production and reduce costs. Additionally, library-based approaches that simultaneously examine a large number of capsid variants would benefit from a universally functional AAP, which could hedge against overlooking variants with potentially valuable phenotypes that were lost during vector library production due to incompatibility with the cognate AAP. Studying interactions between the structural and nonstructural components of AAV enhances our fundamental knowledge of capsid assembly mechanisms and the protein-protein interactions required for productive assembly of the icosahedral capsid.