gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
EPR Monitoring of Vanadium(IV) Species Formed upon Activation of Vanadium(V) Polyphenolate Precatalysts with AlR2Cl and AlR2Cl/Ethyltrichloroacetate (R = Me, Et) (2009)

Reactions of the vanadyl polyphenolate complexes {VO[p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene(O)3(OMe)]} (1) and [VO(OArCH2Ar′CH2OAr)]2 (Ar = 4,6-tert-butylphenol; Ar′ = 4-tert-butylphenol) (2) with AlR3 and AlR2Cl, in the absence and in the presence of reactivator (ethyltrichloroacetate, ETA), were monitored by EPR (R = Me, Et). It was shown, that vanadium(IV) complexes with proposed structures L1VIVR(AlR3) and L1VIVR(AlR2Cl) are formed upon interaction of 1 with AlR3 and AlR2Cl, respectively (20 °C, L1 is the initial oxo-calix[4]arene ligand). Similarly, vanadium(IV) complexes with proposed structures L2VIVR(AlR3) and L2VIVR(AlR2Cl) are formed upon interaction of 2 with AlR3 and AlR2Cl (L2 is the initial ligand of 2). The growth of the concentration of L1VIVR(AlR2Cl) and L2VIVR(AlR2Cl) correlates with the increase of the ethylene polymerization activity of the catalyst systems 1,2/AlR2Cl/ETA. It is proposed therefore that vanadium(IV) species of the type L1VIVR(AlR2Cl) and L2VIVR(AlR2Cl) can be the active species (or their immediate precursors) of the catalyst system 1,2/AlR2Cl/ETA.
Comparative Analysis of Single and Multi Frame Super Resolution in Satellite Imagery (2018)

Since last two decades there have been plenty of papers proposing a variety methods of single frame and multi-frame resolution enhancement. These methods are usually very sensitive to their assumed model of data and noise, which limits their utility. This paper analyses the contrast between single and multi-frame super resolution and addresses their shortcomings. The comparison is mainly visual and statistical. Where on one hand Multi-Frame technique is implemented using Ll norm minimization and robust regularization to deal with different data and noise models [1], Single Frame technique on the other is implemented through a tool developed in Java. The study area is Sitarganj city, Udham Singh Nagar district, Uttarakhand, India and the imagery is of LISS III and LISS IV sensors of ResourceSat-2 satellite. Both of these computationally inexpensive SR methods are robust to errors in motion, blur estimation, and result in sharp edges. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of our method and demonstrate its superiority to other robust super-resolution methods.
SU‐E‐J‐64: Landmark and ROI‐Enhancement‐Assisted Inter‐Patient Deformable Registration of 3D Bladder CT Images (2013)

Purpose: Deformable image registration (DIR) of the pelvis, and in particular, the bladder, is known to be a difficult problem. We tested several pre‐processing strategies to improve the effectiveness of registration. Methods: We studied the use of automatically‐derived landmarks (LMs) and enhanced regions of interest (ROIs) to improve existing DIR algorithms, such as B‐Spline. The three outstanding LMs in the bladder are the two ureteral orifices and the internal urethral orifice.We used 10 pelvic CT image sets with bladders of different shapes (either full or empty). Interpatient registration was performed using four Methods: 1. B‐Spline, standard intensity‐based B‐Spline registration;2. LM B‐Spline, B‐Spline registration with forced matching of corresponding landmarks;3. ROI enhancement (ROI Enh) B‐Spline, signal intensity of the bladder ROI enhanced during pre‐processing to weigh the bladder more when registering; 4. LM + ROI Enh B‐Spline. Results: 1. B‐Spline DIR resulted in poor registration due to the variance of shapes and sizes among the bladders.2. LM B‐Spline achieved the least distance between landmarks, albeit with poor Dice coefficient values and high registration uncertainty. This method is reliant on the number of landmarks. 3. ROI Enh B‐Spline achieved a higher Dice coefficient and lower registration uncertainty but larger LM distance, when compared to LM B‐Spline. This method is most applicable where ROI volume boundary alignment is sufficient. 4. LM + ROI Enh B‐Spline achieved the best Result , when taking into account of all the quantitative and qualitative measurements. In general, we observed a tradeoff between achieving a reliable bladder registration and reliable registration of other parts, such as bones. Conclusion: We developed three methods to improve DIR by combining existing approaches. For DIR of bladders, the application of LMs plus ROI Enh B‐Spline achieved the best overall results, based on quantitative results and physician opinion.
Hollow fiber membrane contactors for CO2 capture: From lab-scale screening to pilot-plant module conception (2011)

Post combustion Carbon Capture and Storage technology (CCS) is viewed as an efficient solution to reduce CO2 emissions of coal-fired power stations. In CCS, an aqueous amine solution can be used as a chemical solvent to selectively remove CO2 from the gas stream. The gas/liquid contact is performed within an absorption tower consisting of a packed column over which the absorption liquid and gas are flowing counter currently. The large active area required for CO2 mass transfer efficiency from the gas into the liquid induces the use of large absorption tower, which drastically increases the cost of the process. An alternative technology to packed column is using hollow fibers membrane contactors (HFMC) as they offer attractive potentialities for intensified gas absorption processes. This holds especially for post combustion CO2 capture application, for which a significant decrease of the size of the absorber or stripper unit could be of great interest. The aim of this work is to identify a suitable membrane material through lab-scale measurements to design a pilot-scale hollow fiber membrane contactor module.
Note: Retention of Ascorbic Acid, Thiamin and Pyridoxal After High Hydrostatic Pressure or Thermal Treatments (2002)

The retention of ascorbic acid, thiamin and pyridoxal was examined after high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) or thermal treatment in sodium-1-pentane sulfonate (SPS) buffer solutions at pH 2.2, 4.5 and 6.0. The 1 mg/1 mL solutions of ascorbic acid, thiamin or pyridoxal were prepared separately in SPS buffer solutions at selected pH and treated at a pressure of 689 MPa at 21 °C for 30 min or thermally treated at 121 °C for 30 min. Mean retention for each of the three vitamins in the SPS buffer solutions at the three pH after HHP and thermal treatments were compared. The retention of ascorbic acid, thiamin or pyridoxal in SPS buffer solutions after HHP treatment were 90.6 +- 9.7, 95.9 +- 4.3 and 93.2 +-1 8.7, respectively. The retention of ascorbic acid in SPS buffer solutions at pH 4.5 or 6.0 was significantly greater after HHP treatment than after thermal treatment (p< 0.05). The retention of thiamin in SPS buffer solutions was ... (A)
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF MUTAGENS ISOLATED FROM TRYPTOPHAN PYROLYSATE AND OF SOME ANALOGS, 3‐AMINO‐5H‐PYRIDO(4,3‐B)INDOLES (1981)

Abstract Das aus Chinolin (I) zugängliche Indol (II) wird zum potentiell mutagenen Pyridoindol (III) anelliert.
Transcriptional regulation of pulmonary elastin gene expression in elastase-induced injury (2003)

Previously we have shown that treatment of confluent, pulmonary fibroblast cultures with elastase results in upregulation of elastin mRNA and protein levels. In the present study we focused on determining the level at which elastin expression is upregulated after elastase exposure. We examined as models for this investigation elastin gene expression in primary pulmonary fibroblast cells during the transition from subconfluent to confluent cultures and in confluent, matrix-laden cultures treated briefly with elastase. In addition, we extended our studies to mice that were given an intratracheal dose of elastase; the effects on lung elastin mRNA and elastin promoter activity levels were measured and compared with results from in vitro cell models. The results demonstrate that upregulation of elastin gene expression during the transition of subconfluent to confluent cultures and after elastase injury is associated with an increase in the level of transcription both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, intratracheal administration of elastase to transgenic mice illustrates that the increased levels of elastin mRNA are accompanied by increased activity of the elastin gene promoter in cells spatially positioned near major sites of tissue injury.
Far-Field Radiation Patterns Of Partially Coherent Sources: Numerical And Experimental Results (1988)

We discuss fast numerical calculation of the radiation patterns produced by sources of arbitrary states of spatial coherence, and report on experimental results that verify predictions of generalized radiometry. Examples considered include evaluation of the effects of obstructions and aberrations on far-field diffraction patterns of gaussian-correlated sources.
Phase transition of submicron gel beads (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhase transition of submicron gel beadsYoshiharu Hirose, Takayuki Amiya, Yoshitsugu Hirokawa, and Toyoichi TanakaCite this: Macromolecules 1987, 20, 6, 1342–1344Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00172a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00172a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views737Altmetric-Citations147LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fluctuations of CSF amyloid-β levels (2007)

Diagnostic and therapeutic trials that measure Abeta should control for the time of CSF sampling to minimize variability.
Novel metrology for measuring spectral purity of KrF lasers for deep-UV lithography (1999)

The use of higher NA lenses of next generation 248 nm microlithography system sets tight requirements on the spectral purity of the laser, especially because these lenses are not chromatically corrected. Present day KrF excimer lasers are equipped with etalon-based spectrometers that can measure the laser linewidth at full-width-at-half maximum, at nearly every pulse. Both, experience and analysis have shown that the (Delta) (lambda) <SUB>FWHM</SUB> may not be the optimum measure of laser spectral purity, and that a better characterization would be the width of the line that contains 95 percent of the laser energy, (Delta) (lambda) <SUB>95 percent int</SUB>. Therefore, the lithography is at risk of losing the image quality if the line shape, characterized by (Delta) (lambda) <SUB>95 percent int</SUB> is outside its limit, even if the laser signals that the (Delta) (lambda) <SUB>95 percent</SUB> measurements of laser line shape. The measurements can be done on a pulse-to-pulse basis or with averaging over an exposure window. Several different configurations and their comparable analysis are presented. These new spectrometers are compact, and can be integrated with a deep UV laser or used as a portable field service tool Despite the small size, the spectrometers have a resolution of about 0.1 pm when measuring FWHM values and about 0.3 pm when measuring 95 percent integral values. The implementation of these new metrology tools provides the lithography with a correct measure of the laser spectral purity during exposure and during process optimization.
Observation of sea-ice thickness in the sea of Okhotsk by using dual-frequency and fully polarimetric airborne SAR (pi-SAR) data (2005)

To investigate the possibilities of using dual-frequency, multipolarization synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data to monitor sea ice, we derived the relationship between various polarization characteristics and the physical parameters of sea ice. We discuss the frequency and polarization characteristics of the backscattering coefficients of sea ice and then characterize its thickness by comparing the corresponding backscattering coefficient for each polarization with the physical parameters of the ice. We first propose a methodology for classifying sea-ice types by using a polarimetric decomposition technique, before comparing an estimation of the sea-ice thickness with the corresponding dual-frequency, multipolarization SAR data. We utilized the backscattering ratio to estimate the thickness of the sea ice. This ratio canceled the effect of roughness on the backscattering. The method was validated using Pi-SAR (polarimetric and interferometric airborne SAR) observation data obtained at ground-truth sites.
Helicobacter pylori induces cancer cell motility independent of the c-Met receptor (2009)

These data demonstrate that H. pylori stimulates cancer cell motility independent of the c-Met receptor. We further hypothesize that although H. pylori does not target c-Met, the bacteria may still utilize c-Met effector signaling to stimulate CagA-independent cancer cell motility, which may provide a further mechanism of H. pylori -dependent gastric cancer progression.
Visual hand gestures classification using temporal motion templates (2004)

The paper presents a method for hand gesture classification using a view-based approach for representation and artificial neural network for classification. This approach uses a cumulative image-difference technique in which time between the sequences of images is implicitly captured in the representation of action. This results in the construction of temporal history templates (THT). These images are used to compute the 7 Hu image moments, which are invariant to scale, rotation, and translation. The classification is then performed using back propagation based multilayer perceptron (MLP) artificial neural network (ANN). The preliminary experiments show that such a system can classify human hand gestures with a classification accuracy of 96%. Motivation of the work is to build a system for person identification based on this technique.
Temperature Affects the Tripartite Interactions between Bacteriophage WO, Wolbachia, and Cytoplasmic Incompatibility (2011)

Wolbachia infections are a model for understanding intracellular, bacterial symbioses. While the symbiosis is often studied from a binary perspective of host and bacteria, it is increasingly apparent that additional trophic levels can influence the symbiosis. For example, Wolbachia in arthropods harbor a widespread temperate bacteriophage, termed WO, that forms virions and rampantly transfers between coinfections. Here we test the hypothesis that temperatures at the extreme edges of an insect's habitable range alter bacteriophage WO inducibility and in turn, Wolbachia densities and the penetrance of cytoplasmic incompatibility. We report four key findings using the model wasp, Nasonia vitripennis: First, both cold treatment at 18 C and heat treatment at 30 C reduce Wolbachia densities by as much as 74% relative to wasps reared at 25 C. Second, in all cases where Wolbachia densities decline due to temperature changes, phage WO densities increase and inversely associate with Wolbachia densities. Heat has a marked effect on phage WO, yielding phage densities that are 552% higher than the room temperature control. Third, there is a significant affect of insect family on phage WO and endoysmbiont densities. Fourth, at extreme temperatures, there was a temperature-mediated adjustment to the density threshold at which Wolbachia cause complete cytoplasmic incompatibility. Taken together, these results demonstrate that temperature simultaneously affects phage WO densities, endosymbiont densities, and the penetrance of cytoplasmic incompatibility. While temperature shock enhances bacteriophage inducibility and the ensuing bacterial mortality in a wide range of medically and industrially-important bacteria, this is the first investigation of the associations in an obligate intracellular bacteria. Implications to a SOS global sensing feedback mechanism in Wolbachia are discussed.
Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of an Aquatic Plant: Duckweed (Lemna minor L.) (2010)

Duckweed (Lemna minor L. Lemnaceae) is a widespread, free-floating aquatic macrophyte, a source of food for waterfowl and a shelter for small aquatic invertebrates. It grows quickly and reproduces faster than other vascular plants. The objective of this study was to determine the antioxidant, antiradical, antimicrobial, and anticandidal activities of duckweed using different in vitro methodologies. For evaluation of antioxidant and antiradical activities, 2,2´-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS.+) radical scavenging, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH.) free radical scavenging, total antioxidant activity by ferric thiocyanate, total reducing power by potassium ferricyanide reduction method, superoxide anion radical scavenging, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, and ferrous ions chelating activities were calculated. In addition, \alpha-tocopherol and trolox (a water-soluble analogue of tocopherol), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) were used as the reference antioxidant compounds. At the 45 \mug mL-1 concentrations of lyophilized water extract (WELM) and ethanol extract (EELM), showed 100% and 94.2% inhibition, respectively, on lipid peroxidation of linoleic acid emulsion. On the other hand, BHA, BHT, \alpha-tocopherol, and trolox demonstrated inhibition of 92.2%, 99.6%, 84.6%, and 95.6%, respectively, on peroxidation of linoleic acid emulsion at the same concentration. In addition, the total phenolics and flavonoids in WELM and EELM were determined as gallic acid and quercetin equivalents, respectively. Furthermore, an important goal of this study was to determine the inhibitory effects of WELM and EELM against 21 bacteria and 4 fungi yeast species by using the disk-diffusion method. In our results, it was observed that WELM and EELM had an antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Staphylococcus warneri, Citrobacter freundii, Citrobacter koseri, Neisseria lactamica, Neisseria sicca, Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, and Streptococcus pneumoniae, and an anticandidal effect against Candida parapsilosis and Candida glabrata. Consequently, this plant is a promising source of natural food antioxidants.
<title>Wedge imaging spectrometer: application to drug and pollution law enforcement</title> (1991)

The Wedge Imaging Spectrometer (WIS) represents a novel implementation of an imaging spectrometer sensor that is compact and rugged and, therefore, suitable for use in drug interdiction and pollution monitoring activities. With performance characteristics equal to comparable conventional imaging spectrometers, it would be capable of detecting and identifying primary and secondary indicators of drug activities and pollution events. In the design, a linear wedge filter is mated to an area array of detectors to achieve two-dimensional sampling of the combined spatial/spectral information passed by the filter. As a result, the need for complex and delicate fore optics is avoided, and the size and weight of the instrument are approximately 50% that of comparable sensors. Spectral bandwidths can be controlled to provide relatively narrow individual bandwidths over a broad spectrum, including all visible and infrared wavelengths. This sensor concept has been under development at the Hughes Aircraft Co. Santa Barbara Research Center (SBRC), and hardware exists in the form of a brassboard prototype. This prototype provides 64 spectral bands over the visible and near infrared region (0.4 to 1.0 micrometers ). Implementation issues have been examined, and plans have been formulated for packaging the sensor into a test-bed aircraft for demonstration of capabilities. Two specific areas of utility to the drug interdiction problem are isolated: (1) detection and classification of narcotic crop growth areas and (2) identification of coca processing sites, cued by the results of broad-area survey and collateral information. Vegetation stress and change-detection processing may also be useful in detecting active from dormant airfields. For pollution monitoring, a WIS sensor could provide data with fine spectral and spatial resolution over suspect areas. On-board or ground processing of the data would isolate the presence of polluting effluents, effects on vegetation caused by airborne or other pollutants, or anomalous ground conditions indicative of buried or dumped toxic materials.
An Active Lead Screw Mechanism. 2nd Report. Real-time Measurement and Elimination of Backlash. (1994)

An active lead screw mechanism (ALSM) has been proposed as an ultraprecision positioning mechanism at a high speed. The ALSM is able not only to control backlash between a screw and a nut but also to position a table by piezoelectric actuators. In order to realize this ability, the ALSM must have access to a set of backlash data or be capable of real-time measurement of the backlash. In the first report, the backlash was measured beforehand as a function of the rotation angle of the lead screw, which required a tremendous amount of labor. First this report describes the real-time measurement and the elimination of the backlash. The frictional force between the screw and the nut depends on the backlash. In this paper, the backlash is measured using the change of frictional force. Then the positioning controller is improved to reduce the positioning time. In order to reduce the overshoot, the coarse-positioning controller (P-D) changes the proportional gain according to the deviation. In order to quickly reduce the residual vibration caused by coarse-positioning, the parameters of the fine-positioning controller (PI-D) were changed.