gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of NARMAX modelling to eddy current brake process (2002)

In this paper, we define an approximate theoretical model, describing the behaviour of an eddy current disc brake in the low speed zone. It is made use of the nonlinear autoregressive moving average with exogenous inputs modelling (NARMAX) to build a polynomial nonlinear model for eddy current braking process. The identification method is based on the difference equation approximation of an input-output map. Only the input-output information are required for the estimation procedure.
Different nature of glacial CaCO3 constituents between MIS 2 and MIS 12 in the East Sea/Japan Sea and its paleoceanographic implication (2014)

Two piston cores (PC-05 and PC-08) were collected on the Yamato Rise in the East Sea/Japan Sea during the KR07-12 cruise. Both cores showed typical alternations of light (high L*) and dark (low L*) layers, which are characteristic in the hemi-pelagic sediment deposited in the deep part of the East Sea/Japan Sea. A composite core was achieved with the successful replacement of almost half of the upper part of core PC-05 by the entirety of core PC-08 based on the co-equivalence of L* values and the dark layers, because an interval (170 cm–410 cm) of core PC-05 was considerably disturbed due to fluidization during the core execution. Chronostratigraphy of the composite core was constructed by the direct comparison of L* values to the well-dated core MD01-2407 that was obtained in the Oki Ridge. The lower-bottom of the composite core extended to Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 14, based on the age estimate by LR04 stacks. Downcore opal variation of the composite core exhibited the distinct orbital-scale cyclic changes; high during the interglacial and low during the glacial periods. However, downcore CaCO3 variation showed no corresponding orbital-scale cyclic change between glacial and interglacial periods. Some intervals of both periods were high in CaCO3 content. Frequent and large fluctuations in CaCO3 content seemed to be more related to the presence of dark layers containing thin lamination (TL) within the glacial and interglacial intervals. It is worthy to note that MIS 2 and MIS 12 are characterized by distinctly high CaCO3 content, showing up to 18% and 73%, respectively, among the glacial periods. Furthermore, in terms of lithology, MIS 2 was characterized by a thick dark layer (low L* values) with TL, whereas MIS 12 preserved the distinctly light layer (high L* values) with parallel laminations. Another remarkable dissimilarity between MIS 2 and MIS 12 was the nature of their CaCO3 constituent; the CaCO3 constituent of MIS 2 consisted of mostly planktonic foraminifera, whereas that of MIS 12 was mostly dump of coccolithophorids, regardless the presence of planktonic foraminifera. The distinctness of the CaCO3 constituents between MIS 2 and MIS 12 indicates that the preservation of CaCO3 contents was different temporarily during the glacial periods in the East Sea/Japan Sea. Enhanced CaCO3 preservation in MIS 2 is attributed primarily to less dissolution during the sinking through the water column or at the seafloor, but increased CaCO3 preservation in MIS 12 is mainly due to the high primary production in the surface water. With respect to the different function of the biological pump which controls CO2 cycles, the East Sea/Japan Sea clearly experienced carbonate-ocean-like state during MIS 12, despite normally silica-ocean-like state.
Micromachined thick-metal TSAs for high-permittivity substrates (2002)

We introduce a new endfire structure that allows monolithic fabrication of endfire tapered slotline antennas (TSA) that extend off of the edge of a high-permittivity semiconductor substrate. A linear TSA (LTSA) and Vivaldi-like (exponentially tapered) TSA are fabricated for 94 GHz operation and radiation patterns are obtained at both 94 GHz and 184 GHz. These TSAs are constructed of a rigid conductor metal that is patterned using deep X-ray lithography techniques. The conductors are electroplated up to a self-supporting thickness so that the underlying dielectric substrate may be etched away in a subsequent processing step. The result is an antenna that is more robust than membrane-based antennas, requires no substrate lens, and produces plane cut-symmetric endfire radiation.
Studies in Interaction of Additive and Base Stock (1976)

Three lines of study are described which aim at understanding the beneficial effect found when solvent (base stock) and additive match. Using the mercury squeeze apparatus, and also a dynamic modification of it, it is shown that the surface film is thicker and stronger at exact chain match. The phenomenon can, therefore, be explained as a thick film effect. The third method uses the Bowden-Leben machine which enables the surface thermodynamics of the system to be studied. A peak in heat of adsorption change and of entropy change also occurs at the match point. It would seem, therefore, that the foundations of the film are stronger here and this enables a firmer film to be built into the fluid. The chain matching, therefore, affects both the primary monolayer, as well as subsequent layers.
Entwicklung einer Körperschallbarriere auf Basis der Strukturintensität: Teil 2 (2019)

Die Übertragung von Körperschall über Transmissionspfade in beispielsweise Innenräume von Fahrzeugen oder Flugzeugen stellt eine häufige Lärmquelle dar. Bestehende Konzepte zur Schwingungsberuhigung zielen auf die Reduktion der Vibration in Form der Schnelle- oder Beschleunigungssteuerung, führen jedoch nur zu lokaler Beruhigung der Struktur und nicht zur Unterbindung der Transmission von Körperschall. Die Messung und Steuerung dieser Körperschalltransmission in Form der Strukturintensität stellt in der Literatur eine effektive Möglichkeit dar, die Energieübertragung zu reduzieren und somit eine globale Beruhigung zu erreichen. In dieser Studie wird die Strukturintensitätsmessung und -steuerung für den zweidimensionalen Fall bis zu einer Anregungsfrequenz von 1kHz mithilfe eines 2D-Arrays aus Beschleunigungssensoren betrachtet und die Effektivität möglicher Vereinfachungen hinsichtlich Sensorzahl und Arrayausrichtung untersucht. Dabei werden die notwendige Anzahl von Sensoren für ein Array sowie die Anzahl und Positionen (Fernfeld, Nahfeld) der Messstellen bestimmt. Als Basis dient die numerische Ermittlung des Strukturintensitätsflusses mithilfe der FEM. Dabei zeigt sich eine hinreichende Genauigkeit der Messungen unter Nutzung finiter Differenzen. Weiterhin wird experimentell die Reduktion der Strukturintensität unter Anwendung verschiedener Sensorkonzepte und Sensortypen für den eindimensionalen Fall bei (multi-)tonaler sowie breitbandiger Anregung bis 1kHz gezeigt. Die Ergebnisse aus der Literatur konnten dabei weitestgehend bestätigt werden.
Steric Protection of the Selenium Atom of the Episelenonium Ion Intermediate To Prevent both the Racemization of the Chiral Carbon and the Selenophilic Attack of Carbon Nucleophiles (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTSteric Protection of the Selenium Atom of the Episelenonium Ion Intermediate To Prevent both the Racemization of the Chiral Carbon and the Selenophilic Attack of Carbon NucleophilesAkio Toshimitsu, Katsuhiro Nakano, Takao Mukai, and Kohei TamaoView Author Information Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University Uji, Kyoto 611, Japan Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 11, 2756–2757Publication Date (Web):March 20, 1996Publication History Received15 November 1995Published online20 March 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja9538445https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9538445rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views551Altmetric-Citations53LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Amides,Ions,Selenium,Substitution reactions Get e-Alerts
Concentrative and reversible character of intestinal amino acid transport (1963)

Either α-aminoisobutyric acid-1-C 14 or 1-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid-1-C 14 was injected into a rat and, after at least 24 hr, a suitable dilution of the same solution of the amino acid was introduced into an intestinal loop in situ and the change in its distribution observed by radioisotope counting. The two amino acids could be concentrated from the small intestine to establish steady-state distribution ratios of from 12 to 100, for the plasma level with respect to the level in the lumen. These values are far higher than the distribution ratios produced across excised intestine. These steady-state values were approached from either above or below, by absorption or release of the amino acid. The release was accelerated by the presence of the same or another amino acid of high transport affinity in fluid perfusing the intestinal loop, an action that tends to identify the outward migration from lumen to plasma with a transport process. The test amino acids were released into the colon also, although at slower rates, the steady-state distribution ratio lying in the neighborhood of unity. This release appears also to be a specific process, and to account for the slow fecal excretion of these difficultly metabolized amino acids.
Experimental research on the local delivery of adriamycin incorporated into hydroxyapatite beads. (1993)

Various forms of hydroxyapatite(HAP) materials have been extensively developed for orthopedic and dental applications as bone grafts and bone substitutes. It seems useful to incorporate cancer chemotherapeutic agents into implant materials used in the sites of the bony defect postoperation of bone tumors, to control local recurrence. This study was conducted to investigate whether porous HAP is appropriate as a drug carrier for adriamycin(ADR) by determining the anticancer effects of ADR-HAP beads and release behavior of ADR from HAP beads. Porous HAP bead (8.48 mm in diameter, 531±0.7mg in weight) was used as a model material, Various ADR-HAP beads(ADR 0.4∼6.0mg/bead)were implanted s. c. into Sprague-Dawley rats at 6 day postinoculation of Swarm rat chondrosarcoma. ADR levels were determined using HPLC. ADR in the tumors released from ADR-HAP beads(6.0mg/bead) were observed over a 13-week period. However, the diffusion of the drug to other organs such as heart and liver was very low compared with the level in the tumors. ADR HAP beads more than the dose of 1.0mg/bead showed strong antitumor activities with dose of ADR. The dose of 6.0mg/bead showed most efficacy, and no toxic death caused, which 98% growth inhibition on Day 31, and the survival advantage of 339% increase in life span were obtained. HAP is thus concluded to be usable not only as a bone graft but as an anticancer drug carrier for achieving high sustained local levels of the anticancer drug in the implanted site, together a low systemic level.
Sulphonylurea receptor 2B and Kir6.1 form a sulphonylurea‐sensitive but ATP‐insensitive K+ channel. (1997)

1. We analysed the K+ channel composed of the sulphonylurea receptor 2B (SUR2B) and an inwardly rectifying K+ channel subunit Kir6.1 coexpressed in a mammalian cell line, HEK293T, with the patch clamp technique. 2. In the cell-attached configuration, K+ channel openers (pinacidil and nicorandil) activated approximately 33 pS K+ channels (approximately 145 mM external K+), which were inhibited by the sulphonylurea glibenclamide. 3. Although SUR2B forms an ATP-sensitive K+ channel with Kir6.2, whose amino acid sequence is approximately 70% homologous with that of Kir6.1, the K+ channel composed of SUR2B and Kir6.1 surprisingly did not spontaneously open on patch excision in the absence of intracellular ATP. 4. In inside-out patches, uridine diphosphate and guanosine diphosphate induced channel activity, which was inhibited by glibenclamide but not ATP. Intracellular ATP on its own activated the channels. K+ channel openers and intracellular nucleotides synergistically activated the channel. 5. Therefore, the K+ channel composed of SUR2B and Kir6.1 is not a classical ATP-sensitive K+ channel but closely resembles the nucleotide diphosphate-dependent K+ channel in vascular smooth muscle cells.
The 27-gene IO score is associated with molecular features and response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in patients with gastric cancer. (2022)

4058 Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is the 3 rd leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Unfortunately, most gastric cancer patients are asymptomatic until the cancer has progressed to an advanced stage. ICIs have improved patient outcomes in a variety of cancers, including GC. A variety of biomarkers have been used to identify patients most likely to benefit from ICI therapies such as high PD-L1 expression, MSI-high, Epstein Barr virus (EBV) positive, or TMB. Despite these potential biomarkers, most patients with advanced GC do not respond to ICI treatment Thus, there remains an unmet clinical need for a biomarker that can better predict response to ICI therapies. Herein, we demonstrate that the 27 gene IO score, a tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) classifier is associated with the existing molecular markers of gastric cancer and with objective response to ICI therapy in a clinical cohort. Methods: RNA-seq expression data was obtained from 3 independent cohorts including TCGA (STAD), ACRG (GSE84437, GSE84426), and clinical cohort with ICI response data (PRJEB25780, PRJEB40416). The 27 gene IO algorithm was applied to all available patient data to derive IO scores. Fisher’s exact test was used to examine the associations between IO score and clinical features and molecular subtypes in each cohort. R (version 4.1.2) was used to calculate ORs with 95%CIs, and ordinal logistic regression modeling. Results: From the TCGA cohort, the IO score was associated with the molecular features of EBV, MSI, TMB, and PD-L1 (n = 135, p &lt; 0.05 for all). Similarly, in the ACRG cohorts, the IO score was significantly associated with EBV, MSI, and PD-L1 ( n = 294, p &lt; 0.001 for all). To determine whether the IO score was associated with response to ICIs, we examined a cohort of Korean patients with advanced stage GC curated by Kim et. al. In this cohort of 59 patients, the IO score was associated with ICI response (Fisher’s exact test, p &lt; 0.05). When response was grouped by responders vs. non-responders (CR/PR vs SD/PD), the odds ratio for the association between IO score and response was 5.3 (95% CI: 1.3 to 23.92, p = 0.01). The linearity of continuous value of the IO score was indicative of a direct relationship between IO score and improved objective response (ordinal logistic regression, t = 2.59, p &lt; 0.01). Conclusions: PD-L1 and TMB have shown marked levels of both spatial and temporal heterogeneity in GCs, thus there exists a need for a more comprehensive biomarker that can fully assess the TIME. The 27 gene IO score is associated with many existing biomarkers in GC and has now been shown to also be associated with response to ICIs. As such, further studies are warranted to demonstrate that the 27 gene IO score may be a more comprehensive biomarker for assessing the TIME and provide complementary data to tumor-specific biomarkers, which together could aid in clinical decision making for ICI treatment of GCs.
A systematic review of contamination (aerosol, splatter and droplet generation) associated with oral surgery and its relevance to COVID-19 (2020)

A risk of contamination (microbiological, visible and imperceptible blood) to patients, dental team members and the clinical environment is present during oral surgery procedures, including routine extractions. However, the extent of contamination has not been explored fully in relation to time and distance. Variability across studies with regards to the analysis methods used and outcome measures makes it difficult to draw robust conclusions. Further studies with improved methodologies, including higher test sensitivity and consideration of viruses, are required to validate these findings.
Spectroscopic Analyses of the Biofuels-Critical Phytochemical Coniferyl Alcohol and Its Enzyme-Catalyzed Oxidation Products (2009)

Lignin composition (monolignol types of coniferyl, sinapyl or p-coumaryl alcohol) is causally related to biomass recalcitrance. We describe multiwavelength (220, 228, 240, 250, 260, 290, 295, 300, 310 or 320 nm) absorption spectroscopy of coniferyl alcohol and its laccase-or peroxidase-catalyzed products during real time kinetic, pseudokinetic and endpoint analyses, in optical turn on or turn off modes, under acidic or basic conditions. Reactions in microwell plates and 100 μL volumes demonstrated assay miniaturization and high throughput screening capabilities. Bathochromic and hypsochromic shifts along with hyperchromicity or hypochromicity accompanied enzymatic oxidations by laccase or peroxidase. The limits of detection and quantitation of coniferyl alcohol averaged 2.4 and 7.1 μM respectively, with linear trend lines over 3 to 4 orders of magnitude. Coniferyl alcohol oxidation was evident within 10 minutes or with 0.01 μg/mL laccase and 2 minutes or 0.001 μg/mL peroxidase. Detection limit improved to 1.0 μM coniferyl alcohol with Km of 978.7 ± 150.7 μM when examined at 260 nm following 30 minutes oxidation with 1.0 μg/mL laccase. Our assays utilized the intrinsic spectroscopic properties of coniferyl alcohol or its oxidation products for enabling detection, without requiring chemical synthesis or modification of the substrate or product(s). These studies facilitate lignin compositional analyses and augment pretreatment strategies for reducing biomass recalcitrance.
Synthesis, Testing, and Characterization of a Novel Nafion Membrane with Superior Performance in Photoassisted Immobilized Fenton Catalysis (2004)

A new type of Nafion/Fe structured membrane ensuring faster kinetics, higher efficiency, and mechanical properties has been prepared and will be compared in its performance with the Fe-exchanged commercial Dupont 117 Nafion/Fe membrane during the abatement of model organic compounds. During the casting of the laboratory Nafion sample, the iron ions were introduced directly into the Nafion oligomer solution. This novel laboratory Nafion/Fe was tested as an immobilized catalyst in the degradation of several toxic pollutants showing a faster photoassisted degradation kinetics and a wider effective photocatalytic pH range compared to the Fe-exchanged commercial Dupont 117 Nafion/Fe membrane. When carrying out Ar ion sputtering of the 50 topmost catalyst layers, evidence is presented by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy that Fe ions are found in the inner Nafion layers and seem to be responsible for the immobilized photoassisted Fenton processes leading to the degradation of 4-chorophenol (4-CP) taken as a model organic pollutant for the degradation process reported in this study. In the laboratory sample, the iron oxy/hydroxy Nafion moiety undergoes a transition to a more stable Nafion/Fe species during 4-CP degradation as determined by X-ray diffraction. This more stable form shows a higher iron dispersion and crystallinity compared to the fresh sample and is stabilized by the Nafion matrix avoiding the formation of separate iron phases. By infrared absorption (Fourier transform infrared), evidence is presented for the band of akaganeite-like species at 870 cm(-1) on the laboratory Nafion/Fe sample. This band disappears after 4-CP degradation because of the formation of the more highly dispersed iron species. Sputtering experiments show a decrease of F-containing groups in the laboratory Nafion/Fe samples closer to the catalyst upper layer while the amounts of Fe, C, and in particular O species increase in the topmost layer(s). In particular, the oxygenated species develop in the Nafion/Fe up to approximately 50 A below the catalyst surface. These species remain stable during the long-term Nafion/Fe degradation of 4-CP. Dynamo-mechanical analysis performed on laboratory Nafion/ Fe membrane samples revealed that these membranes possessed a greater mechanical modulus and resistance than the commercial Dupont 117 Nafion membrane.
Greenhouse gas analysis of air samples collected onboard the CARIBIC passenger aircraft (2009)

Abstract. CARIBIC (Civil Aircraft for the Regular Investigation of the atmosphere Based on an Instrument Container) is a long-term atmospheric measurement program based on the use of a comprehensive scientific instrument package aboard a commercial passenger aircraft. In addition to real-time measurements, whole air sampling is performed regularly at cruising altitudes in the tropical middle troposphere and the extra-tropical UT/LS region. Air samples are analyzed for greenhouse gases, NMHCs, halocarbons, and trace gas isotopic composition. The routinely performed greenhouse gas analysis comprises gas chromatography measurements of CO2, CH4, N2O and SF6. The air sampling procedure, the GC system and its performance are described. Comparisons with similar systems employed in other laboratories and a comparison with results from a CO2 in-situ analyzer that is also part of the CARIBIC instrumentation are shown. In addition, the time series of CO2, obtained from the collection of 684 samples at latitudes between 30° N and 56° N on 21 round trips out of Germany to different destinations in Asia between November 2005 and October 2008, is presented. A time shift in the seasonal cycle of about one month was observed between the upper troposphere and the tropopause region. For two sets of return flights from Germany to the Philippines the relationship between the four greenhouse gases is briefly discussed.
Graphene‐Based Nanomaterials for Neuroengineering: Recent Advances and Future Prospective (2021)

Abstract Graphene unique physicochemical properties made it prominent among other allotropic forms of carbon, in many areas of research and technological applications. Interestingly, in recent years, many studies exploited the use of graphene family nanomaterials (GNMs) for biomedical applications such as drug delivery, diagnostics, bioimaging, and tissue engineering research. GNMs are successfully used for the design of scaffolds for controlled induction of cell differentiation and tissue regeneration. Critically, it is important to identify the more appropriate nano/bio material interface sustaining cells differentiation and tissue regeneration enhancement. Specifically, this review is focussed on graphene‐based scaffolds that endow physiochemical and biological properties suitable for a specific tissue, the nervous system, that links tightly morphological and electrical properties. Different strategies are reviewed to exploit GNMs for neuronal engineering and regeneration, material toxicity, and biocompatibility. Specifically, the potentiality for neuronal stem cells differentiation and subsequent neuronal network growth as well as the impact of electrical stimulation through GNM on cells is presented. The use of field effect transistor (FET) based on graphene for neuronal regeneration is described. This review concludes the important aspects to be controlled to make graphene a promising candidate for further advanced application in neuronal tissue engineering and biomedical use.