gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Face recognition as an airport and seaport security tool (2009)

The transportation industries have been subjected to unprecedented scrutiny and regulatory mandates in the post-9/11 era. On the other hand, the inner border inspections were closed down in Europe with the Schengen agreement. Freedom of movement has brought new challenges to the authorities and transportation companies. Effective camera surveillance with a facial recognition system (FRS) could be a realistic solution. FRS requires camera(s) and a control device; a computer with special software. The software processes the material, face images, collected by the cameras. FRS has been used as monitoring and controlling tool in major events and border crossings. The aim of FRS is to maintain and improve safety and security in a cost efficient way by saving manpower. However, FRS is an additional security tool and therefore not to be trusted only. FRS is being used mainly as a verification method where the human face functions as an access or pin code. Optimal operational environment for FRS is a dry environment with stable illumination; most likely indoor environment is needed to guarantee the operational ability. Images of the faces should be collected in close distance and the persons, who are to be identified, should cooperate. FRS is composition of technical elements and applications which are commonly used in everyday life. Profiling the environment and setting reasonable aims, FRS could be used in various places. Hence FRS is challenging the traditional methods as a sophisticated security tool for the sophisticated situations. So far, the only operational FRS in Finland started in summer 2008 at Helsinki-Vantaa airport. This paper examines and collects experiences from the airport pilot project, from literature and by interviewing experts of the security and facial recognition field. The aim of the paper is to specify the desired goal state, how FRS could be applied as a new seaport and maritime security tool.
Detection of epistasis through triple test cross (TTC) analysis in maize (Zea mays L.) (2017)

The present study was carried out to detect the epistasis present in two cross of maize through triple test cross (TTC) analysis. The mean squares due to total epistasis was highly significant at P?0.01 for all the characters in both C-I and C-II, except for ear length in C-I. The i type of epistasis was highly significant for the traits such as days totasseling, days to silking, earlength, ear circumference, kernels row-1,100 grain weight and shelling percentage in C-I and in C-II, ‘i’ type was non-significant for ASI, ear length, kernels row-1and grain yield plot-1. Both j type and l type of epistasis were significant for all characters in both C-I and C-II, except for ear length in C-I and days to silking in C-II. The estimate of additive genetic component (D) was highly significant for all characters in both C-I and C-II. Epistasis played a significant role in the inheritance of all the characters in both C-I and C-II except for ear length in C-I. Both additive and dominance components of genetic variance with a predominance of dominance genetic variance played an important role in the inheritance of all the quantitative traits except ear length in C-I and kernel rows ear-1 in C-II.
Targeting with scFv: immune modulation by complement receptor specific constructs (2003)

The fate of a microbe in the host is determined by various molecules of the innate immune system, which recognize the microbe and enhance its interaction with antigen presenting cells. This 'natural targeting' phenomenon, however, does not function when antigens with limited immunogenicity enter the host. Peptide vaccines, for instance, require adjuvants to induce immune responses. As a surrogate for the natural targeting mechanisms, antibodies against selected receptors of antigen presenting cells, conjugated with the peptides, could be used as targeting devices. Here we review various antibody-mediated antigen-targeting strategies, paying special attention to complement receptor-mediated targeting. We also describe and summarize our method of single-chain antibody-mediated targeting of viral epitopes to complement receptor type two and discuss the perspectives of single-chain antibody-mediated antigen targeting.
Shear of FRP RC: a Review of the State-of-the-Art (2001)

The work reported in this paper reviews modifications to existing codes to incorporate Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) reinforcement in reinforced concrete (RC) structures focusing on shear resistance. Various approaches are examined ranging from the first recommendations proposed by the Japan Society of Civil Engineers to the latest work published by the British Institution of Structural Engineers and the American Concrete Institute. The inadequacies of these approaches are exposed and a new approach developed at the University of Sheffield based on experimental work is presented.
Regulatory T cells and liver pathology in a murine graft versus host response model (2009)

These findings in the GVHR mice suggest that the expression and activity of Treg cells, especially the Tr1 cells, might be key factors for pathologic alteration in immune-related liver disease.
Comparison of n- and p-type high efficiency silicon solar cell performance under low illumination conditions (2008)

For scavenging energy out of the environment, it is very important for solar cells to maintain the efficiency at low light intensity levels. The high efficiency p-type front junction (18.3% at 1 sun AM1.5) and n-type rear junction (17.3% at 1 sun AM1.5) cells are prepared using an identical cell process based on firing an aluminum paste on the rear. The Al paste acts either as back surface field or rear emitter respectively. A detailed characterization of these cells under low illumination conditions was carried out based on the measured efficiency and suns-V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">oc</inf> . In this paper, it is experimentally and theoretically shown that n-type base cells outperform p-type base cells at such low injection levels. The observed dependence of the performance on the injection level is explained using the Shockley-Read-Hall recombination model where the different capture cross sections for electrons and holes has a decisive influence on the minority carrier bulk lifetime for p-type silicon under low level injection.
Landmines: Clearing the Way (2003)

CD-ROM by Huntington Associates. New York, N.Y.: National Committee of American Foreign Policy, 2002 In1972, future National Security Adviser Anthony Lake noted that some readers of the Pentagon Papers--the government study about U.S. involvement the Vietnam war--were shocked to realize that, in all those words, all those options weighed and calculations made, there was so little mention of the enormous human costs and consequences of the policy either here at home or Indochina. (1) Lake used the occasion to make a bid for a more foreign policy process that would necessarily result a more dovish or hawkish policy, but would require formally weighing human costs and benefits as one of the principal and unashamedly legitimate considerations any decision. (2) Unfortunately, traditional publishers of international relations texts have kept pace with the field's resurgent interest (since the 1990s) such humanistic concerns. Landmines: Clearing the Way, a CD-ROM produced by Huntington Associates, takes up Lake's challenge by emphasizing the impact of mines on individuals, villages, nations, and the globe. It presents firsthand accounts of landmine survivors and de-miners easy-to read text accompanied by interactive maps, still photographs, and video footage. Other sections include Where Is the Problem?, Is Being Done?, Lies Ahead?, and Library, which offers websites and reading lists for further research. Is Being Done? contains a segment that was especially popular with students on the use of dogs such as the Belgian Malinois and the German Shepherd to locate mines. Students were interested to learn that despite the development of high-tech equipment, the canine's acute sense of smell still makes a dog speedier and more effective the best sensor technology available today locating mines. (3) Dogs are also more mobile and more environmentally friendly than is heavy machinery. However, despite successful canine de-mining programs more than a dozen countries, such programs can fail for cultural reasons countries where dogs are trusted or their capabilities are not appreciated. (4) After studying the human costs of landmines, about half of my class of seventeen students concluded that landmines were an ugly necessity modern warfare. Even this split class opinion, however, demonstrates a success for Lake's vision of a more humanistic foreign policy process that students explicitly evaluated some of the human costs. As one of my students said an anonymous course evaluation, tend to be a realist, and that hasn't changed. What is different is that now I consider the human costs of policy options. In this respect, the CD-ROM provides useful training for future national security decision makers (and voters) who want to humanize foreign and military policy calculations. …
Effect of front-line therapy with either high-dose therapy and autologous stem cell rescue (HDT/ASCR) or dose-intensive therapy (R-Hypercvad) on outcome in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). (2010)

8067 Background: There is still no consensus in the management of newly diagnosed MCL and randomized controlled data is unavailable to guide treatment decisions. Recent analyses strongly support the use of dose-intensive strategies or high dose therapy approaches in the frontline setting. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis to describe and compare the survival experiences of MCL patients treated in the first-line setting at our institution with R-HCVAD (42 pts) vs. induction chemotherapy followed by consolidative ASCT (35 pts) vs. standard-dose chemotherapy±rituxan (mostly CHOP±rituximab) (44 pts). The primary study endpoint was OS assessed by chart review and confirmed by SSDI database. Results: 111 patients with newly diagnosed MCL were available for this analysis, representing 38 failure events and 3,858 total months at risk. The groups were comparable in terms of their age, ECOG PS, LDH, WBC, MIPI score and Ki-67 at baseline. Median OS for the cohort was 65 months. Median OS for the groups were: standard-dose chemotherapy ±rituximab (45 months), R-HCVAD (74 months) and ASCT (92 months). Patients treated with either R-HCVAD or ASCT had a superior OS when compared to patients treated with standard- dose chemotherapy ±rituximab (p=.02, p=.005, LR test). We did not detect a survival advantage in patients treated with induction chemotherapy followed by consolidative ASCT vs. R-HCVAD (p=.54, LR test). Conclusions: (R-)CHOP was inferior to both R-HyperCVAD and R- CHOP+HDT/ASCR, which both lead to superior outcome and provide a platform to build up either by the integration of novel therapies in combination or as part of a maintenance strategy. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Competitive inhibition of the classical complement pathway using exogenous single-chain C1q recognition proteins (2022)

Complement component C1q is a protein complex of the innate immune system with well-characterized binding partners that constitutes part of the classical complement pathway. In addition, C1q was recently described in the central nervous system as having a role in synapse elimination both in the healthy brain and in neurodegenerative diseases. However, the molecular mechanism of C1q-associated synapse phagocytosis is still unclear. Here, we designed monomer and multimer protein constructs, which comprised the globular interaction recognition parts of mouse C1q (globular part of C1q [gC1q]) as single-chain molecules (sc-gC1q proteins) lacking the collagen-like effector region. These molecules, which can competitively inhibit the function of C1q, were expressed in an Escherichia coli expression system, and their structure and capabilities to bind known complement pathway activators were validated by mass spectrometry, analytical size-exclusion chromatography, analytical ultracentrifugation, CD spectroscopy, and ELISA. We further characterized the interactions between these molecules and immunoglobulins and neuronal pentraxins using surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy. We demonstrated that sc-gC1qs potently inhibited the function of C1q. Furthermore, these sc-gC1qs competed with C1q in binding to the embryonal neuronal cell membrane. We conclude that the application of sc-gC1qs can reveal neuronal localization and functions of C1q in assays in vivo and might serve as a basis for engineering inhibitors for therapeutic purposes.
Synthesis of 1,4,5‐Trisubstituted‐1,2,3‐triazoles by Copper‐Catalyzed Cycloaddition‐Coupling of Azides and Terminal Alkynes. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Retinoic Acid and Alcohol/Retinol Dehydrogenase in the Mouse Adrenal Gland: A Potential Endocrine Source of Retinoic Acid during Development* (1997)

Retinoid signaling requires the conversion of retinol to retinoic acid by a two-step process, the first of which can be catalyzed in vitro by class I and class IV alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH). These enzymes may participate in local retinoic acid synthesis in some target tissues, although other studies suggest retinoic acid may also be supplied to tissues via the bloodstream, much like an endocrine hormone. Here we have analyzed the expression of these two ADHs as well as retinoic acid production in the adrenal gland, an organ known to be an endocrine source of other hormones. In situ hybridization revealed high levels of both class I and class IV ADH messenger RNAs in adrenal glands of 16.5-day mouse embryos and adults. Class I ADH protein was immunohistochemically detected in embryonic and adult adrenal glands, the latter primarily in the zona fasiculata of the cortex. Abundant class IV ADH protein was detected in the embryonic adrenal as well as in the zona glomerulosa and zona fasiculata of the adult adrenal cortex. Interestingly, class IV ADH protein was found in only a subset of adult cortical cells arranged in radial columns, thus providing further evidence for centripetal cell migration during adrenocortical differentiation. Using a retinoic acid bioassay, adrenal glands from 16.5 day embryos were found to have significantly higher levels of retinoic acid than embryonic liver. The adult adrenal was found to have approximately 15.5 pmol/g of retinoic acid, whereas the adult liver had 24.8 pmol/g, and brain, heart, and spleen each had less than 1.0 pmol/g. Because previous findings indicate that the adrenal gland is not a retinoid target tissue, our detection of both alcohol/retinol dehydrogenases and significant amounts of retinoic acid in this organ suggests that it functions as a potential endocrine source of this hormone during mouse development.
Structured importance sampling of environment maps (2003)

We introduce structured importance sampling , a new technique for efficiently rendering scenes illuminated by distant natural illumination given in an environment map. Our method handles occlusion, high-frequency lighting, and is significantly faster than alternative methods based on Monte Carlo sampling. We achieve this speedup as a result of several ideas. First, we present a new metric for stratifying and sampling an environment map taking into account both the illumination intensity as well as the expected variance due to occlusion within the scene. We then present a novel hierarchical stratification algorithm that uses our metric to automatically stratify the environment map into regular strata. This approach enables a number of rendering optimizations, such as pre-integrating the illumination within each stratum to eliminate noise at the cost of adding bias, and sorting the strata to reduce the number of sample rays. We have rendered several scenes illuminated by natural lighting, and our results indicate that structured importance sampling is better than the best previous Monte Carlo techniques, requiring one to two orders of magnitude fewer samples for the same image quality.
Well-Defined Azlactone-Functionalized (Co)polymers on a Solid Support:  Synthesis via Supported Living Radical Polymerization and Application as Nucleophile Scavengers (2006)

Wang resin has been converted to a supported initiator for transition metal-mediated living radical polymerization often called atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of 2-vinyl-4,4-dimethyl-5-oxazolone (VDM) and styrene (S). Several "Rasta" resins with well-defined macromolecular architectures, including homopolymers PVDM, PS, statistical P(S-stat-VDM), block P(S-b-VDM), and P[S-b-(S-stat-VDM)] copolymers, have been elaborated. For the homopolymerization of VDM and S, a sacrificial initiator, benzyl 2-bromoisobutyrate (BBI), has been introduced to monitor the evolution of molar masses and polydispersity indexes (PDIs) of PS and PVDM onto the Wang resin support without cleavage. After 6 h, 86.7% conversion of VDM is reached, with the isolated PVDM chains having a molar mass of 18 000 g mol(-1) and a PDI value of 1.22. Block copolymers have been synthesized in two steps, involving the synthesis of the PS block isolated at low conversions (<15%) to maintain the bromine end-chain functionality and the subsequent synthesis of the second PVDM or P(S-stat-VDM) block. Polydispersity indexes of the cleaved (co)polymers were low (PDI = 1.11-1.44), and high azlactone loadings have been reached (loading = 6.0 mmol g(-1)). Such azlactone-functionalized Wang resins have shown high efficiency during the scavenging process of benzylamine as monitored by HPLC. Moreover, grafted statistical copolymers have shown the best behavior for removing benzylamine because of an improvement of the accessibility of azlactone rings by the dilution with styrene units.
A Robust Automated Cataract Detection Algorithm Using Diagnostic Opinion Based Parameter Thresholding for Telemedicine Application (2016)

This paper proposes and evaluates an algorithm to automatically detect the cataracts from color images in adult human subjects. Currently, methods available for cataract detection are based on the use of either fundus camera or Digital Single-Lens Reflex (DSLR) camera; both are very expensive. The main motive behind this work is to develop an inexpensive, robust and convenient algorithm which in conjugation with suitable devices will be able to diagnose the presence of cataract from the true color images of an eye. An algorithm is proposed for cataract screening based on texture features: uniformity, intensity and standard deviation. These features are first computed and mapped with diagnostic opinion by the eye expert to define the basic threshold of screening system and later tested on real subjects in an eye clinic. Finally, a tele-ophthamology model using our proposed system has been suggested, which confirms the telemedicine application of the proposed system.
Designing Photonic Topological Insulators with Quantum-Spin-Hall Edge\n States using Topology Optimization (2019)

Designing photonic topological insulators is highly non-trivial because it\nrequires inversion of band symmetries around the band gap, which was so far\ndone using intuition combined with meticulous trial and error. Here we take a\ncompletely different approach: we consider the design of photonic topological\ninsulators as an inverse design problem and use topology optimization to\nmaximize the transmission through an edge mode with a sharp bend. Two design\ndomains composed of two different, but initially identical,\nC$_\\text{6v}$-symmetric unit cells define the geometrical design problem.\nRemarkably, the optimization results in a photonic topological insulator\nreminiscent of the shrink-and-grow approach to quantum-spin-Hall photonic\ntopological insulators but with notable differences in the topology of the\ncrystal as well as qualitatively different band structures and with\nsignificantly improved performance as gauged by the band-gap sizes, which are\nat least 50 \\% larger than previous designs. Furthermore, we find a directional\nbeta factor exceeding 99 \\%, and very low losses for sharp bends. Our approach\nallows for the introduction of fabrication limitations by design and opens an\navenue towards designing PTIs with hitherto unexplored symmetry constraints.\n
Role of Motility in the Colonization of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli in the Urinary Tract (2005)

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) causes most uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) in humans. Flagellum-mediated motility and chemotaxis have been suggested to contribute to virulence by enabling UPEC to escape host immune responses and disperse to new sites within the urinary tract. To evaluate their contribution to virulence, six separate flagellar mutations were constructed in UPEC strain CFT073. The mutants constructed were shown to have four different flagellar phenotypes: fliA and fliC mutants do not produce flagella; the flgM mutant has similar levels of extracellular flagellin as the wild type but exhibits less motility than the wild type; the motAB mutant is nonmotile; and the cheW and cheY mutants are motile but nonchemotactic. Virulence was assessed by transurethral independent challenges and cochallenges of CBA mice with the wild type and each mutant. CFU/ml of urine or CFU/g bladder or kidney was determined 3 days postinoculation for the independent challenges and at 6, 16, 48, 60, and 72 h postinoculation for the cochallenges. While these mutants colonized the urinary tract during independent challenge, each of the mutants was outcompeted by the wild-type strain to various degrees at specific time points during cochallenge. Altogether, these results suggest that flagella and flagellum-mediated motility/chemotaxis may not be absolutely required for virulence but that these traits contribute to the fitness of UPEC and therefore significantly enhance the pathogenesis of UTIs caused by UPEC.
Fluorinated Polysiloxanes. A Basis for Low Surface Energy Materials (1996)

document technique
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed α‐Arylation of α,α‐Difluoroketones with Aryl Bromides and Chlorides. A Route to Difluoromethylarenes. (2014)

Abstract A convenient and efficient protocol for the coupling of α,α‐difluoroketones with aryl bromides and chlorides is described.
Efficient Preparation of Site-Specific Antibody–Drug Conjugates Using Phosphopantetheinyl Transferases (2015)

Post-translational modification catalyzed by phosphopantetheinyl transferases (PPTases) has previously been used to site-specifically label proteins with structurally diverse molecules. PPTase catalysis results in covalent modification of a serine residue in acyl/peptidyl carrier proteins and their surrogate substrates which are typically fused to the N- or C-terminus. To test the utility of PPTases for preparing antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), we inserted 11 and 12-mer PPTase substrate sequences at 110 constant region loop positions of trastuzumab. Using Sfp-PPTase, 63 sites could be efficiently labeled with an auristatin toxin, resulting in 95 homogeneous ADCs. ADCs labeled in the CH1 domain displayed in general excellent pharmacokinetic profiles and negligible drug loss. A subset of CH2 domain conjugates underwent rapid clearance in mouse pharmacokinetic studies. Rapid clearance correlated with lower thermal stability of the particular antibodies. Independent of conjugation site, almost all ADCs exhibited subnanomolar in vitro cytotoxicity against HER2-positive cell lines. One selected ADC was shown to induce tumor regression in a xenograft model at a single dose of 3 mg/kg, demonstrating that PPTase-mediated conjugation is suitable for the production of highly efficacious and homogeneous ADCs.