gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
P40 ‐ Double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, food challenges (DBPCFC) of a strong tasting food: lessons learned (2014)

Recommendations/regulations dictate the testing of hypoallergenic formula in allergic patients prior to marketing. The purpose of this study was to generate DBPCFC data on a casein hydrolysate-based infant formula (EF). It also provided information useful for conduct of DBPCFC of strong tasting foods. 9 children (1.1-4.7 yr) with documented IgE-mediated cow milk (CM) allergy participated. DBPCFC were performed over a 3-d period in hospital using procedures described by Sampson et al (J Pediatr;118:520). A DBPCFC was performed on each of the first 2 d. Day 3, an open challenge of EF was done. Challenges were 100 mL of placebo (P) formula (Nutramigen® liquid, Mead Johnson Nutritionals, Evansville, IN) or EF (Nutramigen containing 8 g freeze-dried Similac® Alimentum®, Abbott Nutrition (AN), Columbus, OH). Flavoring (chocolate or strawberry syrup) was optional and, if chosen, used in all challenges. At entry 6 subjects received a challenge to CM with positive results. The amount of CM protein eliciting a response ranged from 0.063-1.54 g. 3 subjects had a repeat reaction to CM due to accidental exposure just prior to entry and were not re-challenged. 8 subjects successfully completed the DBPCFC and open feeding of EF; 1 with a history of anaphylaxis to CM reacted to P and EF (both with chocolate syrup). 3 mo later, the subject returned for repeated DBPCFC because the syrup was suspected. The subject experienced a reaction to EF with strawberry syrup and was not challenged with P. These challenges were judged to be “inconclusive” because it was impossible to ascertain if the child experienced a reaction to P, EF, and/or the syrup(s). These data, along with those from Sampson et al (1991), were used to support current recommendations for hypoallergenic labeling for EF to document that with 95% confidence, EF was tolerated by at least 90% of individuals documented to be allergic to cow milk (CM) protein. It is recommended that challenge mixtures not include other foods or flavorings that have the potential to elicit allergic reaction individually. Supported by AN, Abbott Laboratories.
Guided Wave Propagation in Submillimetric Region (1958)

An analysis of electromagnetic wave propagation in waveguides (in TH and TE modes) as well as in TEM transmission lines (e.g., coaxial) at frequencies in the extremely high frequency band (30 to 300 kmc) and higher is carried out. It is shown that in the case of metallic waveguides excited in TE0 modes, the attenuation at sufficiently high frequencies is always proportional to (frequency)-3/2. On the other hand with TH waves (including TEM waves) although the attenuation at moderately high frequencies is proportional to (frequency)1/2, yet at sufficiently high frequencies the attenuation drops, becoming proportional to (frequency)-5/2. In other words, with TH waves the attenuation becomes a more rapidly decreasing funcion than it is with TE waves. The analysis is concluded with numerical examples.
Three level NPC inverter DC capacitor sizing for a synchronous reluctance machine drive (2014)

This paper introduces the use of machine saliency as one of the parameters for the sizing of a three level inverter dc-link capacitor. A new nearest three vector (NTV) balancing algorithm is also introduced for the dc-link capacitors. A comparison between a two and three level inverter was conducted whereby the inverter input dc current for the two level inverter registered higher ripples than that of a three level inverter. This promises longer lifespan of the battery on a three level inverter driven SynRM. The SynRM also registered lower d-axis current ripple with a three level inverter which promises lower core losses in the machine. The benefits are even more significant at higher switching frequencies.
Biochemical properties of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylateN-malonyltransferase activity from early growing embryonic axes of chick-pea (Cicer arietinumL.) seeds (1996)

In the present work, certain biochemical characteristics of the enzyme 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate N-malonyltransferase (ACC N-MTase) which is responsible for the malonylation of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) in chickpea (Cicer arietinum) are described. Phosphate buffer was the most appropriate buffer with regard to enzyme stability and, therefore, ACC N-MTase was extracted, assayed and purified in the presence of this buffer. ACC N-MTase was partially purified approximately 900-fold from embryonic axes of chick-pea seeds using ammonium sulphate precipitation, hydrophobic interaction and molecular filtration chromatography. By gel filtration chromatography on Superose-12, the molecular mass of the enzyme was estimated to be 54±4 kDa. ACC N-MTase had an optimal pH and temperature of 7.5 and 40°C, respectively, as well as a K m for ACC and malonyl-CoA of 400 μM and 90 μM, respectively. D-Phenylalanine was a competitive inhibitor of ACC N-MTase with respect to ACC (K i of 720 μM), whereas co-enzyme A was a competitive product inhibitor with respect to malonyl-CoA (K i of 300 μM) and a non-competitive inhibitor with respect to ACC (K i of 600 μM). Under optimal assay conditions, ACC N-MTase was strongly inhibited by (a) divalent [Zn 2+ > Mg 2+ > Cu 2+ >> Co 2+ > (NH 4 ) 2+ > Fe 2+ ] and monovalent metal cations (Li + > Na + > K + ), without activity being detected in the presence of Hg 2+ , and (b) PCMB or mersalic acid, suggesting that sulphydryl group(s) are involved at the active site of the enzyme.
Loss-of-function mutations in the CABLES1 gene are a novel cause of Cushing’s disease (2017)

The <i>CABLES1</i> cell cycle regulator participates in the adrenal-pituitary negative feedback, and its expression is reduced in corticotropinomas, pituitary tumors with a largely unexplained genetic basis. We investigated the presence of <i>CABLES1</i> mutations/copy number variations (CNVs) and their associated clinical, histopathological and molecular features in patients with Cushing's disease (CD). Samples from 146 pediatric (118 germline DNA only/28 germline and tumor DNA) and 35 adult (tumor DNA) CD patients were screened for <i>CABLES1</i> mutations. CNVs were assessed in 116 pediatric CD patients (87 germline DNA only/29 germline and tumor DNA). Four potentially pathogenic missense variants in <i>CABLES1</i> were identified, two in young adults (c.532G > A, p.E178K and c.718C > T, p.L240F) and two in children (c.935G > A, p.G312D and c.1388A > G, and p.D463G) with CD; no CNVs were found. The four variants affected residues within or close to the predicted cyclin-dependent kinase-3 (CDK3)-binding region of the <i>CABLES1</i> protein and impaired its ability to block cell growth in a mouse corticotropinoma cell line (AtT20/D16v-F2). The four patients had macroadenomas. We provide evidence for a role of <i>CABLES1</i> as a novel pituitary tumor-predisposing gene. Its function might link two of the main molecular mechanisms altered in corticotropinomas: the cyclin-dependent kinase/cyclin group of cell cycle regulators and the epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway. Further studies are needed to assess the prevalence of <i>CABLES1</i> mutations among patients with other types of pituitary adenomas and to elucidate the pituitary-specific functions of this gene.
Combined Pan-RAF and MEK Inhibition Overcomes Multiple Resistance Mechanisms to Selective RAF Inhibitors (2015)

RAF and MEK inhibitors are effective in BRAF-mutant melanoma but not in BRAF-mutant colorectal cancer. To gain additional insights into this difference, we performed a genome-scale pooled shRNA enhancer screen in a BRAF-mutant, RAF inhibitor-resistant colorectal cancer cell line exposed to the selective RAF inhibitor PLX4720. We identified multiple genes along the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling axis that, when suppressed, either genetically or pharmacologically, sensitized cells to the selective RAF inhibitor through sustained inhibition of MAPK signaling. Strikingly, CRAF was a key mediator of resistance that could be overcome by the use of pan-RAF inhibitors in combination with a MEK inhibitor. Furthermore, the combination of pan-RAF and MEK inhibitors displayed strong synergy in melanoma and colorectal cancer cell lines with RAS-activating events such as RTK activation, KRAS mutation, or NF1 loss-of-function mutations. Combinations of selective RAF inhibitors, such as PLX4720 or dabrafenib, with MEK inhibitors did not incur such profound synergy, suggesting that inhibition of CRAF by pan-RAF inhibitors plays a key role in determining cellular response. Importantly, in contrast to the modest activity seen with single-agent treatment, dual pan-RAF and MEK inhibition results in the induction of apoptosis, greatly enhancing efficacy. Notably, combined pan-RAF and MEK inhibition can overcome intrinsic and acquired resistance to single-agent RAF/MEK inhibition, supporting dual pan-RAF and MEK inhibition as a novel therapeutic strategy for BRAF- and KRAS-mutant cancers.
Detecting Nonclassical Correlations in Levitated Cavity Optomechanics (2020)

Nonclassical optomechanical correlations enable optical control of mechanical motion beyond the limitations of classical driving. Here we investigate the feasibility of using pulsed cavity optomechanics to create and verify nonclassical phase-sensitive correlations between light and the motion of a levitated nanoparticle in a realistic scenario. We show that optomechanical two-mode squeezing can persist even at the elevated temperatures of state-of-the-art experimental setups. We introduce a detection scheme based on optical homodyning that allows the revealing of nonclassical correlations without full optomechanical state tomography. We provide an analytical treatment using the rotating-wave approximation (RWA) in the resolved-sideband regime and prove its validity with a full numerical solution of the Lyapunov equation beyond the RWA. We build on parameters of current experiments for our analysis and conclude that the observation of nonclassical correlations, which are essential for quantum sensing, quantum engines, and quantum simulations with levitated nanoparticles, is possible with state-of-the-art capabilities. The general treatment can be applied to other optomechanical platforms.
How Can Vaccines Contribute to Solving the Antimicrobial Resistance Problem? (2016)

There is a growing appreciation for the role of vaccines in confronting the problem of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Vaccines can reduce the prevalence of resistance by reducing the need for antimicrobial use and can reduce its impact by reducing the total number of cases. By reducing the number of pathogens that may be responsible for a particular clinical syndrome, vaccines can permit the use of narrower-spectrum antibiotics for empirical therapy. These effects may be amplified by herd immunity, extending protection to unvaccinated persons in the population. Because much selection for resistance is due to selection on bystander members of the normal flora, vaccination can reduce pressure for resistance even in pathogens not included in the vaccine. Some vaccines have had disproportionate effects on drug-resistant lineages within the target species, a benefit that could be more deliberately exploited in vaccine design. We describe the effects of current vaccines in controlling AMR, survey some vaccines in development with the potential to do so further, and discuss strategies to amplify these benefits. We conclude with a discussion of research and policy priorities to more fully enlist vaccines in the battle against AMR.
Phonetically-constrained PLDA modeling for text-dependent speaker verification with multiple short utterances (2013)

The importance of phonetic variability for short duration speaker verification is widely acknowledged. This paper assesses the performance of Probabilistic Linear Discriminant Analysis (PLDA) and i-vector normalization for a text-dependent verification task. We show that using a class definition based on both speaker and phonetic content significantly improves the performance of a state-of-the-art system. We also compare four models for computing the verification scores using multiple enrollment utterances and show that using PLDA intrinsic scoring obtains the best performance in this context. This study suggests that such scoring regime remains to be optimized.
Purification of IgG Using Protein A or Protein G (2003)

Some strains of Staphylococcus aureus synthesize protein A, a group-specific ligand that binds to the Fc region of IgG from many species (,). Protein A does not bind all subclasses of IgG, e.g., human IgG3, mouse IgG3, sheep IgG1, and some subclasses bind only weakly, e.g., mouse IgG1. For some species, IgG does not bind to protein A at all, e.g., rat, chicken, goat, and some MAbs show abnormal affinity for the protein. These properties make the use of protein A for IgG purification limited in certain cases, although it can be used to an advantage in separating IgG subclasses from mouse serum (). Protein G (derived from groups C and G Streptococci) also binds to IgG Fc with some differences in species specificity from protein A. Protein G binds to IgG of most species, including rat and goat, and recognizes most subclasses (including human IgG3 and mouse IgG1), but has a lower binding capacity. Protein G also has a high affinity for albumin, although recombinant DNA forms now exist in which the albumin-binding site has been spliced out, and are therefore very useful for affinity chromatography. Other streptococcal immunoglobulin binding proteins are protein H (binds IgG Fc), protein B, which binds IgA and protein Arp, which binds IgG & IgA. These are not generally available for immunochemical use.
Role of an N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor in the selective cellular uptake of low-density lipoprotein free cholesterol (1995)

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was the major contributor to an influx of free sterol from plasma which balances high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-mediated efflux from cultured skin fibroblasts. When HDL was absent, the uptake of LDL free cholesterol was associated with an increase in total cell cholesterol, due in part to accumulation of esterified cholesterol. This influx was mediated by a high-capacity, low-affinity pathway whose magnitude was similar in normal and LDL receptor-deficient cells. In the presence of HDL, some of the interiorized labeled LDL free cholesterol became available for HDL-mediated efflux and some was interiorized, as a result of a transport mechanism which was sensitive to N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) and nitrate ion but resistant to progesterone, azide, or vanadate. We suggest that normal free cholesterol homeostasis in these cells includes the initial binding of LDL followed by the selective transfer of free cholesterol to a compartment from which it is either returned to the membrane for efflux or internalized for storage or further metabolism within the cell. In the presence of NEM, LDL-derived free cholesterol remained mostly accessible for efflux from the cell surface. This free cholesterol pathway may function physiologically to stabilize plasma membrane cholesterol levels against the effect of varying concentrations of HDL and LDL.
Novel Use of Imidazolium Ylides in an Efficient Synthesis of 2-Substituted Imidazoles (2000)

[figure: see text] A new reaction of imidazoles was discovered involving the formation of an imidazolium ylide, which on trapping with various electrophiles afforded diverse 2-substituted imidazoles. The facile, convenient reaction conditions when compared to the existing procedures make this reaction the method of choice in the preparation of 2-substituted imidazoles. Moreover, the reaction differs from the reported methods since the products (viz., 1) contain an alpha-substituent that is transformed by solvolysis chemistry into further functionalized derivatives.
Numerical Investigation for The Valorization of Waste from HMD Cell Using Electrodialysis (2021)

The Hydromagnetic desalination (HMD) system is a continuous process with several advantages, including a high water recovery ratio, and can be favored economically by producing several industrial byproducts instead of discharging the highly concentrated brine to the environment. In the current work, the ions concentration in the Electrodialysis (ED) technique is simulated using COMSOL Multiphysics V.5.2 software. The ED cell simulated in this paper contains two selective membranes (anion and cation) with a width of 0.25 mm each. The salt is to be taken away in the middle domain. The cell operation has been simulated to separate the sodium and chlorine ions from the HMD brine waste solution at 40 or 55ºC temperatures at different voltages and concentrations. In this two-dimensional model, the Nernst-Plank equation has been used to describe ion flux and charge transport in the electrolyte solution. Secondary current distribution theory and the electroneutrality condition have been used in the mathematical model. Finally, Donnan equations have been used to provide the exact fulfillment of boundary conditions for constant voltage mode. The simulation shows that the highest efficiency is obtained at high temperatures and voltage with the lowest feed concentration. Finally, the results have been validated using experimental data from the literature, and a satisfying agreement has been found.
Monitoring changes of 3D building elements from unordered photo collections (2011)

This paper proposes an automated method for monitoring changes of 3D building elements using unordered photo collections as well as Building Information Models (BIM) that pertain information about geometry and relationships of elements. This task is particularly challenging as existing construction photographs are taken under different lighting and viewpoint conditions, are uncalibrated and extremely cluttered by equipment and people. Given a set of these images, our system first uses structure-from-motion, multi-view stereo, and voxel coloring algorithms to calibrate cameras, reconstruct the construction scene, quantize the scene into voxels and traverse and label the voxels for observed occupancy. The BIM is subsequently fused into the observed scene by a registration-step and voxels are traversed and labeled for expected visibility. Next, a machine learning scheme built upon a Bayesian model is proposed that automatically detects and tracks building elements in presence of occlusions. Finally, the system enables the expected and reconstructed elements to be explored with an interactive, image-based 3D viewer where construction progress deviations are automatically color-coded over the BIM. We present promising results on several challenging construction photo collections under different lighting conditions and sever occlusions.
Occurrence and isolation of vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizae in cropped field soils of Saskatchewan, Canada (1993)

Soil and root samples collected from fields cropped to spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Katepwa) and lentil (Lens esculenta L. cv. Eston) at 11 sites across four soil zones of Saskatchewan were analyzed for spore numbers, level of vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) colonization, and VAM species. The number of VAM spores detected in field soils ranged from 78 to 272 per 100 g soil. Vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizae colonized wheat and lentil at all the field study sites, but levels of colonization in the two crops varied from site to site and the differences were more pronounced in wheat than in lentil. Generally, lentil both exhibited a higher percentage of VAM colonized roots and contained more arbuscules and vesicles than wheat roots. However, wheat appeared to be colonized by different types of VAM depending on the field sites. Differences in VAM colonization were not related to the moisture and temperature gradient of the four soil zones or soil properties. Seven VAM species were isolated by enriching indigenous VAM mixtures (collected from wheat field soils of six field sites) on maize. The VAM isolated most closely resembled Acaulospora denticulata, Gigaspora decipiens, Glomus clarum, Glomus etunicatum, Glomus fasciculatum, Glomus mosseae, and Glomus versiforme. The species composition of the VAM community varied at the different field sites.Key words: VAM, Acaulospora, Gigaspora, Glomus.
A Conserved Mutation in an Ethylene Biosynthesis Enzyme Leads to Andromonoecy in Melons (2008)

Andromonoecy is a widespread sexual system in angiosperms characterized by plants carrying both male and bisexual flowers. In melon, this sexual form is controlled by the identity of the alleles at the andromonoecious (a) locus. Cloning of the a gene reveals that andromonoecy results from a mutation in the active site of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase. Expression of the active enzyme inhibits the development of the male organs and is not required for carpel development. A causal single-nucleotide polymorphism associated with andromonoecy was identified, which suggests that the a allele has been under recent positive selection and may be linked to the evolution of this sexual system.
Attenuated and vectored vaccines protect nonhuman primates against Chikungunya virus (2017)

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is rapidly spreading across the globe, and millions are infected. Morbidity due to this virus is a serious threat to public health, but at present, there is no vaccine against this debilitating disease. We have recently developed a number of vaccine candidates, and here we have evaluated 3 of them in a nonhuman primate model. A single immunization with an attenuated strain of CHIKV (Δ5nsP3), a homologous prime-boost immunization with a DNA-launched RNA replicon encoding CHIKV envelope proteins (DREP-E), and a DREP-E prime followed by a recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara encoding CHIKV capsid and envelope (MVA-CE) boost all induced protection against WT CHIKV infection. The attenuated Δ5nsP3 virus proved to be safe and did not show any clinical signs typically associated with WT CHIKV infections such as fever, skin rash, lymphopenia, or joint swelling. These vaccines are based on an East/Central/South African strain of Indian Ocean lineage, but they also generated neutralizing antibodies against an isolate of the Asian genotype that now is rapidly spreading across the Americas. These results form the basis for clinical development of an efficacious CHIKV vaccine that generates both humoral and cellular immunity with long-term immunological memory.
Oxidation-resistant interface coatings for SiC/SiC composites (1996)

The characteristics of the fiber-matrix interfaces in ceramic matrix composites control the mechanical behavior of these composites. Finite element modeling (FEM) was performed to examine the effect of interface coating modulus and coefficient of thermal expansion on composite behavior. Oxide interface coatings (mullite and alumina-titania) produced by a sol-gel method were chosen for study as a result of the FEM results. Amorphous silicon carbide deposited by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is also being investigated for interface coatings in SiC-matrix composites. Processing routes for depositing coatings of these materials were developed. Composites with these interfaces were produced and tested in flexure both as-processed and after oxidation to examine the suitability of these materials as interface coatings for SiC/SiC composites in fossil energy applications.