gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Involvement of Cholesterol-Rich Lipid Rafts in Interleukin-6-Induced Neuroendocrine Differentiation of LNCaP Prostate Cancer Cells (2003)

IL-6 is an inflammatory cytokine that has been linked to aggressive prostate cancer (PCa). Previous studies have demonstrated that IL-6 can enhance the differentiation of PCa cells toward a neuroendocrine (NE) phenotype, a possible indicator of hormone-refractory disease. In this report, we present evidence that the mechanism of IL-6-stimulated NE differentiation employs a detergent-resistant (lipid raft) membrane compartment for signal transduction in LNCaP PCa cells. Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3, a mediator of IL-6 signaling, was rapidly phosphorylated and translocated to the nucleus in LNCaP cells treated with IL-6. Both processes were inhibited by filipin, a cholesterol-binding compound that disrupts plasma membrane lipid rafts. Isolation of Triton X-100-insoluble raft fractions from LNCaP cells by discontinuous sucrose gradient centrifugation demonstrated that the 80-kDa IL-6 receptor localized almost exclusively to the raft compartment. Although STAT3 was located predominantly in the Triton X-100-soluble subcellular fraction in exponentially growing cells, abundant phosphorylated STAT3 was detected in the raft fraction after stimulation with IL-6. Increases in expression of the NE marker, neuron-specific enolase, and neuron-specific enolase promoter activity after IL-6 treatment were reduced after membrane rafts were disrupted by filipin treatment. LNCaP cells expressed the raft-resident proteins flotillin-2 and G(ialpha2), but notably not caveolins, the predominant structural protein present in caveolar membrane rafts in many tissues and tumor cells. These results are the first to define a role for lipid raft membrane microdomains in signal transduction mechanisms capable of promoting the NE phenotype in PCa cells, and they demonstrate that the raft compartment is capable of mediating such signals in the absence of caveolins. Our results also suggest a mechanistic role for membrane cholesterol in cell signaling events relevant to PCa progression.
Supplementary Table 1 from Cisplatin-Induced Renal Injury Is Independently Mediated by OCT2 and p53 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 70K, Changes in gene expression of 25 genes associated with the p53 signaling pathway in kidneys isolated from wildtype and Oct1/2(-/-) FVB mice exposed to cisplatin (15 mg/kg cisplatin; i.p.).&lt;/p&gt;
Analytical modeling of printed metasurface cavities for computational imaging (2016)

We derive simple analytical expressions to model the electromagnetic response of an electrically large printed cavity. The analytical model is then used to develop printed cavities for microwave imaging purposes. The proposed cavity is excited by a cylindrical source and has boundaries formed by subwavelength metallic cylinders (vias) placed at subwavelength distances apart. Given their small size, the electric currents induced on the vias are assumed to have no angular dependence. Applying this approximation simplifies the electromagnetic problem to a matrix equation which can be solved to directly compute the electric current induced on each via. Once the induced currents are known, the electromagnetic field inside the cavity can be computed for every location. We verify the analytical model by comparing its prediction to full-wave simulations. To utilize this cavity in imaging settings, we perforate one side of the printed cavity with radiative slots such that they act as the physical layer of a computational imaging system. An analytical approximation for the slots is also developed, enabling us to obtain estimates of the cavity performance in imaging scenarios. This ability allows us to make informed decisions on the design of the printed metasurface cavity. The utility of the proposed model is further highlighted by demonstrating high-quality experimental imaging; performance metrics, which are consistent between theory and experiment, are also estimated.
High-extinction-ratio MQW electroabsorption-modulator integrated DFB laser fabricated by in-plane bandgap energy control technique (1992)

The local bandgap energy of an InGaAs/InGaAsP multiple quantum well (MQW) structure was precisely adjusted by in-plane Eg control in one-step selective area metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) growth. The technique was then applied to an MQW electroabsorption-modulator integrated distributed feedback (DFB) laser. Experimental results showed superior device characteristics, such as a high extinction ratio of 25 dB and low threshold current of 15 mA.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Author response: Nano-scale architecture of blood-brain barrier tight-junctions (2021)

Super-resolution imaging uncovers sparse occludin vs. clustered ZO1/claudin-5 architecture, and claudin-5 arrangement compacting during blood-brain-barrier tight-junction (TJ) maturation in which TJs become first restrictive to large and later to small molecules.
Purification and characterization of nisin P produced by a strain of Streptococcus gallolyticus (2020)

<b>Introduction.</b> Against the backdrop of increasing resistance to conventional antibiotics, bacteriocins represent an attractive alternative, given their potent activity, novel modes of action and perceived lack of issues with resistance.<b>Aim.</b> In this study, the nature of the antibacterial activity of a clinical isolate of <i>Streptococcus gallolyticus</i> was investigated.<b>Methods.</b> Optimization of the production of an inhibitor from strain AB39 was performed using different broth media and supplements. Purification was carried out using size exclusion, ion exchange and HPLC. Gel diffusion agar overlay, MS/MS, <i>de novo</i> peptide sequencing and genome mining were used in a proteogenomics approach to facilitate identification of the genetic basis for production of the inhibitor.<b>Results.</b> Strain AB39 was identified as representing <i>Streptococcus gallolyticus</i> subsp. <i>pasteurianus</i> and the successful production and purification of the AB39 peptide, named nisin P, with a mass of 3133.78 Da, was achieved using BHI broth with 10 % serum. Nisin P showed antibacterial activity towards clinical isolates of drug-resistant bacteria, including methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, vancomycin-resistant <i>Enterococcus</i> and penicillin-resistant <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>. In addition, the peptide exhibited significant stability towards high temperature, wide pH and certain proteolytic enzymes and displayed very low toxicity towards sheep red blood cells and Vero cells.<b>Conclusion.</b> To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first production, purification and characterization of nisin P. Further study of nisin P may reveal its potential for treating or preventing infections caused by antibiotic-resistant Gram-positive bacteria, or those evading vaccination regimens.
New Pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine and Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine Derivatives from 4-Acetyl-5-amino-1,3-diphenylpyrazole (1985)

4-Acetyl-5-amino-l,3-diphenylpyrazole (1) undergoes cyclization with compounds of the type R-CH X ( X=COCH and/or 2 3 COPh, R=H and CH CO; X=R=CN ) and with formamide to give new 3 pyrazol0[3,4-bjpyridine and pyrazolo[3,4-dlpyrimidine derivatives, respectively.Pyrazolo[3,4-blpyridine and pyrazol0[3,4-d]~~rimidine ring systems have aroused great interest in recent years due to the wide variety of their biological and phar-1-8 macological properties.
Human Amniotic Fluid Stem Cells as an Attractive Tool for Clinical Applications (2013)

Recent studies support cell based therapies for several diseases. Human fetal stem cells have received much attention for developing new therapeutic strategies. Recently, our group and others have successfully isolated and expanded karyotypically normal stem cells from an alternative fetal source, the human second trimester amniotic fluid (AF) and performed a systematic phenotypic and molecular analysis. The main characteristics of amniotic fluid stem cells (hAFSCs) are their fetal origin, the high number of isolated cells, their wide differentiation properties and their rapid expansion in vitro. These characteristics render hAFSCs as a very attractive tool for clinical applications based on cell therapy. The use of hAFSC transplantation has been studied in a variety of disease animal models related to bone regeneration, myocardial infarction, acute kidney injury, acute hepatic failure, skin injury, ischemic hind limb or cancer. The major aim of this review is to summarize the advent of hAFSCs capabilities into novel therapeutic modalities and discuss their potential use in future pre-clinical and clinical studies.
Insight or Intrusion? Correlating Routinely Collected Employee Data with Health Risk (2019)

The volume, variety and velocity of data available to companies about their employees is already significant and likely to increase. Employers hold data about employees that could be used to explore the relationship between workplace practice in their organisation and risks to employee health. However, there is significant uncertainty about whether employers subject to English law are permitted to use this data for this purpose, and even whether they may be under a legal obligation to do so. In this article, the question of whether employers are legally permitted or legally obliged to use employee data to identify associations between workplace practice and risk to employee health is answered through an analysis of two spheres of English Law: data protection law, and health and safety law. The authors establish a hypothetical case study concerning a company that wishes to use employee data in this way, to illuminate a set of detailed legal issues. In particular, the question of whether a reasonable and prudent employer is under an obligation under health and safety law to use the data and analytic tools at his or her disposal to assess risk and inform his or her actions is considered. Also addressed is the question of whether such processing would satisfy the data protection law principles of “lawful, fair, and transparent” processing and that of “purpose limitation”. A complex picture emerges. The analysis reveals that data protection legislation may not support a trend towards the re-use of employee data to enhance workplace health and safety; nor is there currently a clear mandate that responsible employers use data in this way. The line between useful insight into workplace practices and intrusion into employees’ privacy remains blurred.
Innovative interference mitigation approaches: Analytical analysis, implementation and validation (2010)

This paper focuses the attention on the problem of Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) mitigation in the framework of GNSS. The paper concentrates on interference mitigation algorithms to be applied within the digital part of a GNSS receiver. The first part of the paper focuses on the mitigation of RFI based on Wavelets. The theoretical fundamentals of the approach are presented, introducing the continuous and the discrete wavelet transformations, and its application to the mitigation of pulsed interferences is demonstrated. The mitigation of strong pulses as well as of low power Distance Measurement Equipment (DME) pulses is discussed and the results obtained for both the cases are presented. In the second part of the paper the mitigation of Continuous Wave Interference (CWI) by means of Notch Filtering is studied, presenting the fundamental steps of this method and presenting its benefits by means of simulation results.
Effect of uric acid levels on mortality in Japanese peritoneal dialysis patients (2020)

A U-shaped relationship appears to exist between UA levels and all-cause mortality among Japanese PD patients. Additionally, lower BMI significantly enhanced the effect of UA levels on mortality.
Phenotypic plasticity and water flux rates of Citrus root orders under salinity (2012)

Knowledge about the root system structure and the uptake efficiency of root orders is critical to understand the adaptive plasticity of plants towards salt stress. Thus, this study describes the phenological and physiological plasticity of Citrus volkameriana rootstocks under severe NaCl stress on the level of root orders. Phenotypic root traits known to influence uptake processes, for example frequency of root orders, specific root area, cortical thickness, and xylem traits, did not change homogeneously throughout the root system, but changes after 6 months under 90 mM NaCl stress were root order specific. Chloride accumulation significantly increased with decreasing root order, and the Cl(-) concentration in lower root orders exceeded those in leaves. Water flux densities of first-order roots decreased to <20% under salinity and did not recover after stress release. The water flux densities of higher root orders changed marginally under salinity and increased 2- to 6-fold in second and third root orders after short-term stress release. Changes in root order frequency, morphology, and anatomy indicate rapid and major modification of C. volkameriana root systems under salt stress. Reduced water uptake under salinity was related to changes of water flux densities among root orders and to reduced root surface areas. The importance of root orders for water uptake changed under salinity from root tips towards higher root orders. The root order-specific changes reflect differences in vulnerability (indicated by the salt accumulation) and ontogenetic status, and point to functional differences among root orders under high salinity.
Introduction to radiomics and radiogenomics in neuro-oncology: implications and challenges (2020)

Neuro-oncology largely consists of malignancies of the brain and central nervous system including both primary as well as metastatic tumors. Currently, a significant clinical challenge in neuro-oncology is to tailor therapies for patients based on a priori knowledge of their survival outcome or treatment response to conventional or experimental therapies. Radiomics or the quantitative extraction of subvisual data from conventional radiographic imaging has recently emerged as a powerful data-driven approach to offer insights into clinically relevant questions related to diagnosis, prediction, prognosis, as well as assessing treatment response. Furthermore, radiogenomic approaches provide a mechanism to establish statistical correlations of radiomic features with point mutations and next-generation sequencing data to further leverage the potential of routine MRI scans to serve as "virtual biopsy" maps. In this review, we provide an introduction to radiomic and radiogenomic approaches in neuro-oncology, including a brief description of the workflow involving preprocessing, tumor segmentation, and extraction of "hand-crafted" features from the segmented region of interest, as well as identifying radiogenomic associations that could ultimately lead to the development of reliable prognostic and predictive models in neuro-oncology applications. Lastly, we discuss the promise of radiomics and radiogenomic approaches in personalizing treatment decisions in neuro-oncology, as well as the challenges with clinical adoption, which will rely heavily on their demonstrated resilience to nonstandardization in imaging protocols across sites and scanners, as well as in their ability to demonstrate reproducibility across large multi-institutional cohorts.
TRPM7 kinase activity regulates murine mast cell degranulation (2015)

Transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7) is a divalent ion channel with a C-terminally located α-kinase. Mice heterozygous for a TRPM7 kinase deletion (TRPM7(+/∆K) ) are hypomagnesaemic and hyperallergic. In contrast, mice carrying a single point mutation at amino acid 1648, which silences TRPM7 kinase activity (TRPM7(KR) ), are not hyperallergic and are resistant to systemic magnesium (Mg(2+) ) deprivation. Since allergic reactions are triggered by mast cell-mediated histamine release, we investigated the function of TRPM7 on mast cell degranulation and histamine release using wild-type (TRPM7(+/+) ), TRPM7(+/∆K) and TRPM7(KR) mice. We found that degranulation and histamine release proceeded independently of TRPM7 channel function. Furthermore, extracellular Mg(2+) assured unperturbed IgE-DNP-dependent exocytosis, independently of TRPM7. However, impairment of TRPM7 kinase function suppressed IgE-DNP-dependent exocytosis, slowed the cellular degranulation rate, and diminished the sensitivity to intracellular calcium (Ca(2+) ) in G protein-induced exocytosis. In addition, G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) stimulation revealed strong suppression of histamine release, whereas removal of extracellular Mg(2+) caused the phenotype to revert. We conclude that the TRPM7 kinase activity regulates murine mast cell degranulation by changing its sensitivity to intracellular Ca(2+) and affecting granular mobility and/or histamine contents.
Akuter Hörverlust unter hoher Dosierung von Calcineurin-Inhibitoren nach Lebertransplantation (2005)

Hintergrund: Mögliche Beeinträchtigungen des Gehörs bei Patienten nach Lebertransplantation (LTx) sind bislang nur sporadisch beschrieben. Unter Immunsuppression mit Calcineurin-Inhibitoren ist jedoch eine hohe Rate an potentiell ototoxischen Nebenwirkungen beschrieben, v.a. cardiovaskulärer und neurotoxischer Art.
Security considerations in agent-based systems (2002)

Agent systems face all the security challenges involved with any system that sends messages. Delegating tasks to mobile programs, or to supposedly intelligent ones, raises another set of concerns. Agent-based systems also increase the connectedness and the complexity of the computing universe. As connectedness and complexity increase, new failure modes arise, some of which have security implications. These emergent security concerns are more speculative than the more traditional ones inherited from previous computing systems; the author mentions a few of the possibilities. The topics discussed include: controlling program execution, protecting agents, accidental agents, trusting data, and revealing data.
Photoluminescence of Zn(SeTe) annealed phosphors (1997)

The quenching mechanism of the self-activated (SA) and Cu-Cl photoluminescence (PL) bands and 1.05 eV PL band in Zn(SeTe) solid solutions are investigated. It is supposed that SA and Cu-Cl PL bands in ZnTe-rich Zn(SeTe) solid solutions are quenched due to the complex defects TeiClTe and Tei2ClTe, which formation decrease the VZnClTe and single ClTe concentration. This assumption is confirmed experimentally. By annealing under Zn vapour pressure the intensity of SA and Cu-Cl PL bands in ZnTe-rich Zn(SeTe) solid solutions are restored. It is supposed that 1.05 eV PL band in ZnTe is formed due to a Te excess in ZnTe and the VTe-Tei pair is proposed for this band.
Role of the conserved Lys-X-Gly-Gly sequence at the ADP-glucose-binding site in Escherichia coli glycogen synthase. (1993)

Although bacterial and mammalian glycogen synthases differ in the primary structure and specificity for glucosyl donor, lysyl residues identified at their substrate-binding sites by affinity labeling are present in a conserved tetrapeptide sequence, Lys-X-Gly-Gly, where X is a residue not conserved (Tagaya, M., Nakano, K., and Fukui, T. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 6670-6676; Furukawa, K., Tagaya, M., Inouye, M., Preiss, J., and Fukui, T. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 2086-2090). To elucidate the functional role of this conserved sequence, Lys-15, Gly-17, and Gly-18 in Escherichia coli glycogen synthase have been replaced by other amino acid residues via site-directed mutagenesis. Kinetic analyses of the Lys-15 mutant enzymes showed that the epsilon-amino group of Lys-15 is mainly involved in binding of the phosphate moiety adjacent to the glycosidic linkage in the substrate ADP-glucose, presumably through an ionic interaction. The mutant enzyme in which Ala was substituted for Gly-17 had a catalytic rate constant 3 orders of magnitude smaller than that of the wild-type enzyme with a slightly increased Michaelis constant for ADP-glucose, whereas the Gly-18-->Ala mutant showed a rate constant only 3.2-fold smaller. In addition, mutations of Gly-17 and Gly-18 resulted in marked changes in the reactivity of Lys-15 with affinity labeling reagents. These results suggest that the 2 glycyl residues in the conserved Lys-X-Gly-Gly sequence, in particular the one closer to the ADP-glucose-binding lysyl residue, participate in catalysis by assisting conformational change(s) of the active site or stabilizing the transition state.
Biodegradation of poly(D(–)‐3‐hydroxybutyrate)/atactic poly(epichlorohydrin) blends by aureobacterium saperdae (1993)

Abstract The biodegradability of solution‐cast films of poly( D (–)‐3‐hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) blended with the melt‐compatible component atactic poly(epichlorohydrin) (aPECH) was investigated. A bacterium which produced extracellular enzymes that degraded PHB even when blended with aPECH was isolated, and tentatively designated as Aureobacterium saperdae . The growth rate of A. saperdae decreased with increasing aPECH content in the blend, up to films containing 60 wt.‐% aPECH, at which composition growth was completely inhibited. The decrease in the bacterial growth rate could be due to the dilution of PHB molecules on the blend film surface caused by the presence of aPECH molecules. At the stationary phase of bacterial growth the percentage of weight loss of blend films decreased with increasing aPECH fraction, which was probably due to the lower accessibility of PHB when blended with aPECH. During the bacterial growth only PHB was metabolized, whereas neither degradation nor abiotic release of aPECH was detected for blend films.
Nonlocal spatial attention module for image classification (2020)

To enhance the capability of neural networks, research on attention mechanism have been deepened. In this area, attention modules make forward inference along channel dimension and spatial dimension sequentially, parallelly, or simultaneously. However, we have found that spatial attention modules mainly apply convolution layers to generate attention maps, which aggregate feature responses only based on local receptive fields. In this article, we take advantage of this finding to create a nonlocal spatial attention module (NL-SAM), which collects context information from all pixels to adaptively recalibrate spatial responses in a convolutional feature map. NL-SAM overcomes the limitations of repeating local operations and exports a 2D spatial attention map to emphasize or suppress responses in different locations. Experiments on three benchmark datasets show at least 0.58% improvements on variant ResNets. Furthermore, this module is simple and can be easily integrated with existing channel attention modules, such as squeeze-and-excitation and gather-excite, to exceed these significant models at a minimal additional computational cost (0.196%).