gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prescription Opioids. V. Metabolism and Excretion of Oxymorphone in Urine Following Controlled Single Dose Administration (2016)

Oxymorphone (OM), a prescription opioid and metabolite of oxycodone, was included in the recently published proposed revisions to the Mandatory Guidelines for Federal Workplace Drug Testing Programs. To facilitate toxicological interpretation, this study characterized the time course of OM and its metabolite, noroxymorphone (NOM), in hydrolyzed and non-hydrolyzed urine specimens. Twelve healthy subjects were administered a single 10 mg controlled-release OM dose, followed by a periodic collection of pooled urine specimens for 54 h following administration. Analysis for free and total OM and NOM was conducted by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS), at a 50 ng/mL limit of quantitation (LOQ). Following enzymatic hydrolysis, OM and NOM were detected in 89.9% and 13.5% specimens, respectively. Without hydrolysis, OM was detected in 8.1% specimens, and NOM was not detected. The mean ratio of hydrolyzed OM to NOM was 41.6. OM was frequently detected in the first pooled collection 0–2 h post-dose, appearing at a mean of 2.4 h. NOM appeared at a mean of 8.3 h. The period of detection at the 50 ng/mL threshold averaged 50.7 h for OM and 11.0 h for NOM. These data support that OM analysis conducted using a 50 ng/mL threshold should include hydrolysis or optimize sensitivity for conjugated OM.
Geometry factors and flux corrections in neutron activation analysis (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGeometry factors and flux corrections in neutron activation analysisStephen R. Piotrowicz, James L. Fasching, Dianne D. Zdankiewicz, and Rudolph W. KarinCite this: Anal. Chem. 1975, 47, 13, 2326–2328Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60363a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60363a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views31Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide: interactions with retinoid-binding proteins/receptors (1995)

The cellular transport, metabolism and biological activity of retinoids are mediated by their specific binding proteins and nuclear receptors. For an understanding of the mode of action of retinoids with potential cancer chemopreventive or other biological activity, it is important to study their interactions with these binding proteins and receptors. In our attempts to understand the action of N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (4HPR) and other retinamides in the prevention of cancer, we observed that 4HPR binds to a serum protein with a molecular size of approximately 20,000. The retinoid, however, did not show any binding affinity for cellular retinol-binding protein (CRABP) or for cellular retinoic acid-binding protein (CRABP). However, it showed binding affinity for the nuclear receptors of retinoic acid (RARs) equivalent to 15% of that of retinoic acid. The physicochemical properties of the 4HPR binding protein in the serum were identical to those of serum retinol binding protein (RBP). Antibodies against RBP quantitatively immunoprecipitated the protein-4HPR complex, confirming that the retinoid specifically binds to RBP. Although retinol and 4HPR cross-competed for RBP binding, N-phenylretinamide, in which the 4-hydroxyl group is absent, and N-(4-methoxyphenyl)retinamide, a major cellular metabolite of 4HPR, in which the hydroxyl group is blocked, did not show affinity for the binding protein. The results indicate that the hydroxyl group of 4HPR is essential for binding of this type of retinoid to RBP. Thus, our studies suggest that serum transport of 4HPR may be facilitated by RBP. To bind more efficiently to CRBP, CRABP, or RARs/RXRs, the retinoid may require further metabolic change.
Non-Destructive Quantitative 3D Analysis of Structural, Flow and Mechanical properties of Porous Scaffolds (2014)

have been produced with open macropores with a high degree of interconnectivity and large apertures for tissue engineering (TE) applications. The size of the porosity, and more importantly the
New oxaphenalene derivative from marine-derived Streptomyces griseorubens sp. ASMR4 (2016)

Abstract During our search for novel bioactive compounds from extremophilic actinomycetes, the new Streptomyces griseorubens sp. ASMR4 was isolated from a soft coral collected in the Red Sea at the Hurghada coast, Egypt, and characterized taxonomically. It was fermented on large scale using a modified solid rice medium as the first example for actinomycetes so far. Work-up and purification of the strain extract using different chromatographic techniques afforded the new oxaphenalene derivative, 8-hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxypropyl)-7-acetyl-1-oxaphenalene ( 1a ), together with seven known metabolites: ferulic acid ( 2 ), glycerol linoleate, linoleic acid methyl ester, (3 R ,4 R )-3,4-dihydroxy-3-methylpentan-2-one/(3 S ,4 R )-3,4-dihydroxy-3-methylpentan-2-one, anthranilic acid, phenylacetic acid, and benzoic acid. The chemical structure of the new compound ( 1a ) was confirmed by extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, high-resolution electron impact mass measurements, and by comparison with literature data. The antimicrobial activity of the strain extract and compounds 1a and 2 were studied using a panel of pathogenic microorganisms. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the bacterial extract was studied against the human cervix carcinoma cell line (KB-3-1) and its multi-drug-resistant subclone (KB-V1).
Online modelling based on Genetic Programming (2007)

Genetic Programming (GP), a heuristic optimisation technique based on the theory of Genetic Algorithms (GAs), is a method successfully used to identify non-linear model structures by analysing a system's measured signals. Mostly, it is used as an offline tool that means that structural analysis is done after collecting all available identification data. In this paper, we propose an enhanced on-line GP approach that is able to adapt its behaviour to new observations while the GP process is executed. Furthermore, an approach using GP for online Fault Diagnosis (FD) is described, and finally test results using measurement data of NOx emissions of a BMW diesel engine are discussed.
Role of the major pneumococcal autolysin in the atypical response of a clinical isolate of Streptococcus pneumoniae (1992)

The autolytic enzyme (an N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanine amidase) of a clinical isolate, strain 101/87, which is classified as an atypical pneumococcus, has been studied for the first time. The lytA101 gene coding for this amidase (LYTA101) has been cloned, sequenced, and expressed in Escherichia coli. The LYTA101 amidase has been purified and shown to be similar to the main autolytic enzyme (LYTA) present in the wild-type strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae, although it exhibits a lower specific activity, a higher sensitivity to inhibition by free choline, and a modified thermosensitivity with respect to LYTA. Most important, in contrast with the LYTA amidase, the activity of the LYTA101 amidase was inhibited by sodium deoxycholate. This property is most probably responsible of the deoxycholate-insensitive phenotype shown by strain 101/87. Phenotypic curing of strain 101/87 by externally adding purified LYTA or LYTA101 amidase restored in this strain some typical characteristics of the wild-type strain of pneumococcus (e.g., formation of diplo cells and sensitization to lysis by sodium deoxycholate), although the amount of the LYTA101 amidase required to restore these properties was much higher than in the case of the LYTA amidase. Our results indicate that modifications in the primary structure or in the mechanisms that control the activity of cell wall lytic enzymes seem to be responsible for the characteristics exhibited by some strains of S. pneumoniae that have been classically misclassified and should be now considered atypical pneumococcal strains.
NKp30 expression is a prognostic immune biomarker for stratification of patients with intermediate-risk acute myeloid leukemia (2017)

Cytogenetics and European Leukemia Net (ELN) genetic classification predict patients at increased risk of relapse in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) except in the intermediate risk group for which further prognostic determinants are required. We have previously shown that Natural Killer (NK) cell defects in AML are predictors of poor overall survival (OS). This study aimins at validating NKp30, a receptor that mediates NK activation, as a prognostic biomarker for AML patients with intermediate prognosis.NKp30 expression was prospectively assessed at diagnosis on NK cells from peripheral blood by flow cytometry (N = 201 patients). Clinical outcome was evaluated with regard to NKp30 status.In patients with intermediate cytogenetic (N = 162), NKp30high phenotype at diagnosis was predictive of better OS (HR = 0.26; 95%CI = [0.14-0.50]; P < 0.0001) and relapse-free survival (RFS) (HR = 0.21; 95%CI = [0.08-0.52]; P = 0.0007). In patients with intermediate ELN (N = 116), NKp30high phenotype at diagnosis was predictive of better OS (HR = 0.33; 95%CI = [0.16-0.67]; P = 0.0019) and RFS (HR = 0.24; 95%CI = [0.08-0.67]; P = 0.0058). In multivariate analysis, high NKp30 expression independently predicted improved OS (HR = 0.56, P = 0.046) and RFS (HR = 0.37, P = 0.048). Consistently, cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) was lower in patients with high NKp30 expression (HR = 0.37, P = 0.026).In conclusion, we propose NKp30 status as a simple and early prognostic biomarker that identifies intermediate-risk patients with poor prognosis who otherwise may not be identified with existing risk stratification systems.
Helicobacter species and hepatobiliary diseases (2002)

Helicobacter species, which may colonize the biliary tract, have been implicated as a possible cause of hepatobiliary diseases ranging from chronic cholecystitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis to gall-bladder carcinoma and primary hepatic carcinomas. Research in this area has been limited by the lack of a gold standard in the diagnosis of these organisms in bile. Most published data to date have been based on molecular techniques that detect the DNA of Helicobacter species in bile, rather than evidence of viable organisms in bile. Helicobacter species have not been shown to induce histological injury to the biliary epithelium or liver parenchyma. The strongest association of the presence of these organisms in bile is with cholestatic conditions. This article reviews the literature on this newly developing field as it has evolved historically, taking pertinent methodological issues into account.
Primer Sequences from Fc-γ Receptor Polymorphisms, Cetuximab Therapy, and Survival in the NCIC CTG CO.17 Trial of Colorectal Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table 1 Sequencing Primers used for FcGR 2a ( H/R,rs1801274) and FcGR3a (F/V;rs396991) polymorphisms genotyping&lt;/p&gt;
High-repetition-rate (6kHz) and long-pulse-duration (50ns) ArF excimer laser for sub-65nm lithography (2006)

Development of high-repetition-rate ArF excimer lasers is vital requirement for achieving high throughput and high energy-dose stability in a scanner system. ArF excimer laser, with increasing light pulse duration, can reduce the peak power without the energy-dose change. Then, the spectral bandwidth ΔλFWHM becomes narrower by increasing the number of light round trips in a cavity, and optical damage is reduced from high-peak power. Laser operation exceeding 4kHz is needed for next-generation technologies that can enable high numerical aperture and development of high-throughput scanners. In the present work, we examined the possibilities of achieving a repetition rate to 6kHz from 4kHz in the ArF laser the authors developed, taking the following innovations. The spatial width of discharge region was reduced by about 30%. The uniform gas flow condition between the electrodes was obtained by improving gas flow guides. As a result, we have obtained an average power of 42W, a standard deviation for pulse-to-pulse energy of 3.5%, and an integral-square pulse width Tis of 44ns at 6kHz for ΔλFWHM&amp;lt;0.40pm. Finally, it was concluded that developing a 6kHz ArF excimer laser for the next-generation sub-65nm lithography is feasible.
Supplementary Figure S1 from The Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic (PKPD) Relationships of AZD3229, a Novel and Selective Inhibitor of KIT, in a Range of Mouse Xenograft Models of GIST (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Graphical description of the PKPD model used to describe effects of AZD3229 in mouse tumor models&lt;/p&gt;
Soliton enhancement of spontaneous symmetry breaking (2015)

Spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) occurs when noise triggers an initially symmetric system to evolve toward one of its nonsymmetric states. Topological and optical SSB involve material reconfiguration/transition and light propagation/distribution in time or space, respectively. In anisotropic optical media, light beam propagation and distribution of the optic axis can be linked, thereby connecting topological and optical SSB. Using nonlinear soft matter, namely uniaxial liquid crystals, we report on simultaneous topological and optical SSB, showing that spatial solitons enhance the noise-driven transition of the medium from a symmetric to an asymmetric configuration, while acquiring a power-dependent transverse velocity in either of two specular directions with respect to the initial wavevector. Solitons enhance SSB by further distorting the optic axis distribution through nonlinear reorientation, resulting in power-tunable walk-off as well as hysteresis in beam refraction versus angle of incidence.
Various analytical methods for analysis of atorvastatin: A review (2019)

Hyperlipidemia is produced due to abnormal elevated level of lipids in the blood and is a major risk factor for many heart diseases such as atherosclerosis and stroke. Lipids have been implicated in the development of atherosclerosis in humans. In hyperlipidemia there are increased levels of both LDL and triglycerides. Treatment of hyperlipidemia with statins has become an integral part of management of vascular diseases. Statins are the first line therapy for lowering lipid levels. Among statins atorvastatin is the most effective and currently available antihyperlipidemic drug. An enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase play an important for endogenous cholesterol synthesis. Atorvastatin is HMG-CoA (3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA) reductase inhibitor which significantly reduces the lipid levels (low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, very low-density lipoprotein) and also increases the HDL (high-density lipoprotein) levels. Various analytical methods such as reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC), thin layer chromatography (TLC), ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC), liquid chromatography tendam mass spectroscopy, near infrared spectroscopy, capillary electrophoresis (CE), spectrophotometric methods for determination of atorvastatin as single and in combination with other drugs have been reported. In this review an attempt has been made to covers all the recent analytical methods which has been used for analysis of atorvastatin. Keywords: Atorvastatin, Analytical Methods, HPLC, HPTLC.
Distinguishing mechanisms underlying EMT tristability (2017)

These experimental results argue in favor of the TCS model proposing that miR-200/ZEB1 behaves as a three-way decision-making switch enabling transitions among the E, hybrid E/M and M phenotypes.
Direct observation of hydrogen-related luminescent states in subsurface region of homoepitaxial diamond films (1996)

We found hydrogen-related luminescence in the subsurface region of chemical vapor deposited homoepitaxial diamond films by means of cathodoluminescence. A specific broad peak at around 540 nm is observed in the hydrogenated films, but not in the conventional oxidized films. The gap states related to the peak observed at around 540 nm are found to exist spatially in the surface region. The fact is consistent with the hydrogen distribution previously determined by secondary ion mass spectroscopy. The result indicates the existence of hydrogen-related luminescent states in the subsurface region of as-deposited homoepitaxial diamond films.
Detection of recurring software vulnerabilities (2010)

Software security vulnerabilities are discovered on an almost daily basis and have caused substantial damage. Aiming at supporting early detection and resolution for them, we have conducted an empirical study on thousands of vulnerabilities and found that many of them are recurring due to software reuse. Based on the knowledge gained from the study, we developed SecureSync, an automatic tool to detect recurring software vulnerabilities on the systems that reuse source code or libraries. The core of SecureSync includes two techniques to represent and compute the similarity of vulnerable code across different systems. The evaluation for 60 vulnerabilities on 176 releases of 119 open-source software systems shows that SecureSync is able to detect recurring vulnerabilities with high accuracy and to identify 90 releases having potentially vulnerable code that are not reported or fixed yet, even in mature systems. A couple of cases were actually confirmed by their developers.
Chloromethylation on Phenol Derivatives (1968)

It is known that, in general, chloromethylation of phenol derivatives gives only the polychloromethylated product or polymer. However, by protection of the hydroxyl group with a benzoyl group, monochloromethylated products (III and VII) were obtained under normal condition in a high yield.
Raman Spectroscopy of Liquid-Based Cervical Smear Samples as a Triage to Stratify Women Who Are HPV-Positive on Screening (2021)

The role of persistent high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in the development of cervical precancer and cancer is now well accepted, and HPV testing has recently been introduced for primary cervical screening. However, the low specificity of HPV DNA testing can result in large numbers of women with an HPV-positive result, and additional triage approaches are needed to avoid over-referral to colposcopy and overtreatment. The aim of this study was to assess Raman spectroscopy as a potential triage test to discriminate between transient and persistent HPV infection. HPV DNA status and mRNA status were confirmed in ThinPrep<sup>®</sup> cervical samples (<i>n</i> = 60) using the Cobas 4800 and APTIMA HPV test, respectively. Raman spectra were recorded from single-cell nuclei and subjected to partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLSDA). In addition, the PLSDA classification model was validated using a blinded independent test set (<i>n</i> = 14). Sensitivity of 85% and specificity of 92% were achieved for the classification of transient and persistent HPV infection, and this increased to 90% sensitivity and 100% specificity when mean sample spectra were used instead of individual cellular spectra. This study showed that Raman spectroscopy has potential as a triage test for HPV-positive women to identify persistent HPV infection.
Virtual Appliances for Deploying and Maintaining Software (2003)

Retinoic acid (RA) binds and activates retinoid X receptor (RXR)/retinoic acid receptor (RAR) heterodimers, which regulate the transcription of genes that have retinoic acid response elements (RARE). The RAR isotypes (alpha, beta and gamma) are comprised of six regions designated A-F. Two isoforms of RARalpha, 1 and 2, have been identified in humans, which have different A regions generated by differential promoter usage and alternative splicing. We have isolated two new splice variants of RARalpha1 from human B lymphocytes. In one of these variants, exon 2 is juxtaposed to exon 5, resulting in an altered reading frame and a stop codon. This variant, designated RARalpha1DeltaB, does not code for a functional receptor. In the second variant, exon 2 is juxtaposed to exon 6, maintaining the reading frame. This isoform, designated RARalpha1DeltaBC, retains most of the functional domains of RARalpha1, but omits the transactivation domain AF-1 and the DNA-binding domain. Consequently, it does not bind nor transactivate RARE on its own. Nevertheless, RARalpha1DeltaBC interacts with RXRalpha and, as an RXRalpha/RARalpha1DeltaBC heterodimer, transactivates the DR5 RARE upon all-trans-RA binding. The use of RAR- and RXR-specific ligands shows that, whereas transactivation of the DR5 RARE through the RXRalpha/RARalpha1 heterodimer is mediated only by RAR ligands, transactivation through the RXRalpha/RARalpha1DeltaBC heterodimer is mediated by RAR and RXR ligands. Whilst RARalpha1 has a broad tissue distribution, RARalpha1DeltaBC has a more heterogeneous distribution, but with significant expression in myeloid cells. RARalpha1DeltaBC is an infrequent example of a functional nuclear receptor which deletes the DNA-binding domain.
Characterization of Transcriptional Oscillation of an Arabidopsis Homolog of PnC401 Related to Photoperiodic Induction of Flowering in Pharbitis nil (2004)

AtC401 is an Arabidopsis homolog of PnC401 that is related to photoperiodic induction of flowering in Pharbitis nil. These genes show free-running rhythms. To study the free-running rhythm of AtC401, we fused a firefly luciferase reporter to the AtC401 promoter and transformed it into Arabidopsis plants. The observed bioluminescence oscillated under continuous light and continuous dark only with sucrose supplementation. The free-running period of bioluminescence was temperature-compensated between 22 degrees C and 30 degrees C. Light-pulse experiments under continuous darkness produced a phase-response curve typical of circadian rhythms. We conclude that rhythmic expression of AtC401 is controlled by a circadian oscillator.
Production Planning of a Failure-Prone Manufacturing System under Different Setup Scenarios (2016)

This paper presents a control problem for the optimization of the production and setup activities of an industrial system operating in an uncertain environment. This system is subject to random disturbances (breakdowns and repairs). These disturbances can engender stock shortages. The considered industrial system represents a well-known production context in industry and consists of a machine producing two types of products. In order to switch production from one product type to another, a time factor and a reconfiguration cost for the machine are associated with the setup activities. The parts production rates and the setup strategies are the decision variables which influence the inventory and the capacity of the system. The objective of the study is to find the production and setup policies which minimize the setup and inventory costs, as well as those associated with shortages. A modeling approach based on stochastic optimal control theory and a numerical algorithm used to solve the obtained optimality conditions are presented. The contribution of the paper, for industrial systems not studied in the literature, is illustrated through a numerical example and a comparative study.