gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
COLONY INTEGRATION DURING REGENERATION IN THE STONY CORALFAVIA FAVUS (2001)

Modular organisms consist of repeated building blocks. An important consequence of modularity may be reflected in the ability of a colony to continually reallocate priority of resource transport among its units in response to stress. Hermatypic corals, the main organisms constructing tropical reefs, are prone to damage by a multitude of agents. Since colonization of lesions by competitors is a potent threat to colonial organisms, fast recovery is an important component of colony survival. Previous regeneration studies have claimed that the energy requirements of this essential process are fueled only by the polyps directly bordering the injured area. This “localized regeneration hypothesis” rejects the necessity for wide colony integration during regeneration and sees no advantage to large colony size. The objective of the present study was to test an alternative regeneration hypothesis that argues, in contrast, that injury repair (i.e., closure of lesions by newly formed tissues) in corals may require extended colony integration (i.e., internal translocation of resources from sites of acquisition to sites of maximal demand). To test our hypothesis we examined: (1) the relationship between colony size and percentage recovery of lesions differing in size and shape; and (2) the effect of different sized lesions on the fecundity of polyps located at increasing distances from the lesion site. Both experiments were conducted on the common, spherically shaped coral Favia favus in the Red Sea near Eilat, Israel. The relatively small lesions (<1 cm2) were the only ones to support the localized regeneration hypothesis, since their recovery was unaffected by colony size. However, the two larger lesion types (approximate sizes of 2 cm2 and 3 cm2) confirmed the importance of large colony size for achieving fast recovery. In the second experiment we found that small lesions, repeated monthly, caused only a localized reduction in fecundity, while larger monthly repeated lesions caused significant reductions in fecundity up to a distance of 15 cm away from their site. Both experiments indicate that regeneration from injury may require an extended magnitude of energy integration throughout the colony, and that the extent of this integration is regulated by the colony in accordance with lesion characteristics. It is also concluded that in long-lived organisms such as corals, there is a priority of energy allocation to recovery rather than to reproduction. Our findings reveal the existence of injury thresholds within a colony that determine energy allocation and intra-colonial translocation of energy products toward regions of maximal demand. We suggest that such injury thresholds may characterize many other coral species and that colony integration during stress is a basic life-preserving ability and one of the most important advantages of clonal and colonial organisms.
PESIC: An Integrated Front-End for PET Applications (2007)

An ASIC front-end has been developed for multi-anode photomultiplier based nuclear imaging devices. Its architecture has been designed to improve resolution and decrease pile-up probability in Positron Emission Tomography systems which employ continuous scintillator crystals. Analog computation elements are isolated from the photomultiplier by means of a current sensitive preamplifier stage. This allows digitally programmable adjustment of every anode gain, also providing better resolution in gamma event position calculation and a shorter front-end deadtime. The preamplifier stage also offers the possibility of using other types of photomultiplier devices such as SiPM. The ASIC architecture includes measurement of the depth of interaction of the gamma event based on the width of the light distribution in order to reduce parallax error and increase spatial resolution during image reconstruction stage. An output stage of transresistance amplifiers offer voltage output signals which may be introduced in the A/D conversion stage with no further processing.
Selective niobium anodization process for fabricating Josephson tunnel junctions (1981)

A novel process for fabricating refractory sperconducting tunnel junctions is described, which is useful with both deposited and native oxide barriers. The distinguishing feature of the method is that the entire superconductor-barrier-superconductor sandwich is formed before the patterning of any layer. Isolated Josephson junctions are then formed by anodizing through the upper electrode, while the devices themselves are protected by a photoresist mask. Using this process, Nb-Si:H-Nb junctions have been fabricated, whose product of critical current and subgap resistance exceeds 10 mV and whose critical current density varies by about 50% over a 2-in. diameter wafer.
Water born debris removal evaluations using a traveling screen at the Tracy Fish Collection Facility, Tracy, California (2007)

The traveling screen; a rotating, belt type, mechanical screen was built to remove the invasive Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) at the Tracy Fish Collection Facility (TFCF). Because the screen has been demonstrated to be fish friendly during mitten crab removal (1996-1999), it was natural to test the traveling screen as a general debris removal device. The goals of this study were to determine of the screen could be used to remove debris flowing through the primary fish guidance louvers to the secondary fish guidance louvers, and also to determine if improvements to the debris removal system could be made to improve collection and transport of collected debris to the debris hauling truck. Three different evaluation techniques were used to determine the effectiveness of the traveling screen to remove debris: (1) The addition of known amounts of debris, introduced upstream of the traveling screen, compared to the debris recovered by the traveling screen. (2) Overnight collection of debris in which the traveling screen was operated, on average, 15.5 hours per night. (3) Ten-minute debris collections within the below-ground circular holding tank, coinciding with routine fish counts being made every 2 hours at the TFCF. Two hundred sixty-one fish were collected by the traveling screen during these three different evaluations. Of this total, 210 were dead, and 173 (66 percent) of these dead fish had been dead long before being collected, indicated by old injuries and decomposition of the body. The traveling screen has proven to be effective at removing green vegetative debris greater than 189 mm (7.4 inches) and woody debris greater than 105 mm (4.1 inches) in length or longer from the secondary channel. The experiments presented in this report demonstrate the effectiveness of the traveling screen, especially during routine cleaning operations and when debris loading is heavy.
What is boiling during high-intensity focused ultrasound (2006)

For treatments that use high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), it is important to understand the behavior of bubbles in the context of both large acoustic pressures and elevated temperatures in the surrounding medium. Based upon clinical and experimental observations, any preexisting cavitation nuclei in tissue or blood are likely to be less than 1 micron. For HIFU conditions characterized by megahertz frequencies and pressures on the order of megaPascals, gas bubbles less than a micron in radius can grow explosively. Calculations for a single, spherical bubble imply that the resulting bubble motions are significantly influenced by evaporation and condensation processes. Consequently, at both high and low ambient temperatures, HIFU-driven bubbles may best be described as gas-vapor bubbles that can exhibit rectified transfer of both heat and noncondensable gases. Moreover, increased vapor pressures associated with ambient temperatures at or above ‘‘boiling’’ may not lead to unbounded bubble growth as expected for a quasistatic bubble in a superheated medium. Instead, calculations suggest that growth of boiling bubbles can be confined. [Work supported by NIH T32 EB001650, NIH DK43881, and NSBRI SMS00402.]
Horizontal and Vertical Transfer of Oral Microbial Dysbiosis and Periodontal Disease (2019)

One of the hallmark features of destructive periodontal disease, well documented over the last 50 y, is a change to the quantitative and qualitative composition of the associated microbiology. These alterations are now generally viewed as transformational shifts of the microbial populations associated with health leading to the emergence of bacterial species, which are only present in low abundance in health and a proportionate decrease in the abundance of others. The role of this dysbiosis of the health associated microbiota in the development of disease remains controversial: is this altered microbiology the driving agent of disease or merely a consequence of the altered environmental conditions that invariably accompany destructive disease? In this work, we aimed to address this controversy through controlled transmission experiments in the mouse in which a dysbiotic oral microbiome was transferred either horizontally or vertically into healthy recipient mice. The results of these murine studies demonstrate conclusively that natural transfer of the dysbiotic oral microbiome from a periodontally diseased individual into a healthy individual will lead to establishment of the dysbiotic community in the recipient and concomitant transmission of the disease phenotype. The inherent resilience of the dysbiotic microbial community structure in diseased animals was further demonstrated by analysis of the effects of antibiotic therapy on periodontally diseased mice. Although antibiotic treatment led to a reversal of dysbiosis of the oral microbiome, in terms of both microbial load and community structure, dysbiosis of the microbiome was reestablished following cessation of therapy. Collectively, these data suggest that an oral dysbiotic microbial community structure is stable to transfer and can act in a similar manner to a conventional transmissible infectious disease agent with concomitant effects on pathology. These findings have implications to our understanding of the role of microbial dysbiosis in the development and progression of human periodontal disease.
Chapter 3 Sensors and biosensors for endocrine disrupting chemicals: State-of-the-art and future trends (2010)

Endocrine systems control hormones and activity-related hormones in many living organisms including mammals, birds, and fish. The endocrine system consists of various glands located throughout the body, hormones produced by the glands, and receptors in various organs and tissues that recognize and respond to the hormones (USEPA, 2010a). There are some chemicals and compounds that cause interferences in the endocrine system and these substances are known as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Wikipedia states that EDCs or ‘‘endocrine disruptors are exogenous substances that act like hormones in the endocrine system and disrupt the physiologic function of
Activation of the Arp2/3 Complex by the Actin Filament Binding Protein Abp1p (2001)

The actin-related protein (Arp) 2/3 complex plays a central role in assembly of actin networks. Because distinct actin-based structures mediate diverse processes, many proteins are likely to make spatially and temporally regulated interactions with the Arp2/3 complex. We have isolated a new activator, Abp1p, which associates tightly with the yeast Arp2/3 complex. Abp1p contains two acidic sequences (DDW) similar to those found in SCAR/WASp proteins. We demonstrate that mutation of these sequences abolishes Arp2/3 complex activation in vitro. Genetic studies indicate that this activity is important for Abp1p functions in vivo. In contrast to SCAR/WASp proteins, Abp1p binds specifically to actin filaments, not monomers. Actin filament binding is mediated by the ADF/cofilin homology (ADF-H) domain of Abp1p and is required for Arp2/3 complex activation in vitro. We demonstrate that Abp1p recruits Arp2/3 complex to the sides of filaments, suggesting a novel mechanism of activation. Studies in yeast and mammalian cells indicate that Abp1p is involved functionally in endocytosis. Based on these results, we speculate that Abp1p may link Arp2/3-mediated actin assembly to a specific step in endocytosis.
Photovoltaics Literature survey (no. 120) (2015)

In order to help readers stay up‐to‐date in the field, each issue of Progress in Photovoltaics will contain a list of recently published journal articles that are most relevant to its aims and scope. This list is drawn from an extremely wide range of journals, including IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics , Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells , Renewable Energy , Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews , Journal of Applied Physics , and Applied Physics Letters . To assist readers, the list is separated into broad categories, but please note that these classifications are by no means strict. Also note that inclusion in the list is not an endorsement of a paper's quality. If you have any suggestions please email Ziv Hameiri at ziv.hameiri@unsw.edu.au.
Dietary and Gut Microbiota Polyamines in Obesity- and Age-Related Diseases (2019)

The polyamines putrescine, spermidine, and spermine are widely distributed polycationic compounds essential for cellular functions. Intracellular polyamine pools are tightly regulated by a complex regulatory mechanism involving <i>de novo</i> biosynthesis, catabolism, and transport across the plasma membrane. In mammals, both the production of polyamines and their uptake from the extracellular space are controlled by a set of proteins named antizymes and antizyme inhibitors. Dysregulation of polyamine levels has been implicated in a variety of human pathologies, especially cancer. Additionally, decreases in the intracellular and circulating polyamine levels during aging have been reported. The differences in the polyamine content existing among tissues are mainly due to the endogenous polyamine metabolism. In addition, a part of the tissue polyamines has its origin in the diet or their production by the intestinal microbiome. Emerging evidence has suggested that exogenous polyamines (either orally administrated or synthetized by the gut microbiota) are able to induce longevity in mice, and that spermidine supplementation exerts cardioprotective effects in animal models. Furthermore, the administration of either spermidine or spermine has been shown to be effective for improving glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity and reducing adiposity and hepatic fat accumulation in diet-induced obesity mouse models. The exogenous addition of agmatine, a cationic molecule produced through arginine decarboxylation by bacteria and plants, also exerts significant effects on glucose metabolism in obese models, as well as cardioprotective effects. In this review, we will discuss some aspects of polyamine metabolism and transport, how diet can affect circulating and local polyamine levels, and how the modulation of either polyamine intake or polyamine production by gut microbiota can be used for potential therapeutic purposes.
Mobile Sensoren für die Biotechnologie – Ortsunabhängige, miniaturisierte Prozessmessung (2019)

Abstract Aufgrund verschiedenster Reaktorformen im Bereich der Biotechnologie liefern gewöhnliche Stabsonden unzureichend repräsentative Messergebnisse. In dieser Publikation werden neuartige mobile kugelförmige Sensoreinheiten mit einem Gesamtdurchmesser von 7,9 mm vorgestellt. Basierend auf Simulationen wurden diese in ihrer Dichte für die beste Verteilung im wässrigen Medium optimiert. Darüber hinaus wurde ermittelt, welche Auswirkungen unterschiedliche Rührgeschwindigkeiten in typischen Bioreaktoren auf die Verteilung der Sonden haben. Anhand dreier Bioreaktortypen wird die Anwendbarkeit der hier vorgestellten Messsonden gezeigt.
Coumarin Appended Calix[4]arene as a Selective Fluorometric Sensor for Cu2+Ion in Aqueous Solution (2007)

There is an increasing demand to selectively sense some heavy metal ions such as Hg2+, Pb2+, Cu2+ because of their high toxicity.1 Many analytical methods have been applied for this purpose including atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), ion selective electrodes (ISE), flame photometry. However, they require high cost, large amount of samples
An absolute Earth field ESR vectorial magnetometer (1992)

A principle for the construction of a vectorial Earth-field magnetometer is described. The electron spin resonance (ESR) in an organic radical is obtained with a polarization field much higher than the field to be measured which thus acts by its projection on this field. The pulsation of the polarization field between two opposite values gives the access to two error quantities used first to lock the magnetometer at the resonance and to construct a control loop to cancel the field to be measured. These two loops can be used jointly with the knowledge of the resonant frequency to calculate the absolute value of the measured field, independently of environmental parameters.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Development of a Versatile Method to Construct Direct Electron Transfer-Type Enzyme Complexes Employing SpyCatcher/SpyTag System (2023)

The electrochemical enzyme sensors based on direct electron transfer (DET)-type oxidoreductase-based enzymes are ideal for continuous and in vivo monitoring. However, the number and types of DET-type oxidoreductases are limited. The aim of this research is the development of a versatile method to create a DET-type oxidoreductase complex based on the SpyCatcher/SpyTag technique by preparing SpyCatcher-fused heme <i>c</i> and SpyTag-fused non-DET-type oxidoreductases, and by the in vitro formation of DET-type oxidoreductase complexes. A heme <i>c</i> containing an electron transfer protein derived from <i>Rhizobium radiobacter</i> (CYTc) was selected to prepare SpyCatcher-fused heme <i>c</i>. Three non-DET-type oxidoreductases were selected as candidates for the SpyTag-fused enzyme: fungi-derived flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-dependent glucose dehydrogenase (GDH), an engineered FAD-dependent d-amino acid oxidase (DAAOx), and an engineered FMN-dependent l-lactate oxidase (LOx). CYTc-SpyCatcher (CYTc-SC) and SpyTag-Enzymes (ST-GDH, ST-DAAOx, ST-LOx) were prepared as soluble molecules while maintaining their redox properties and catalytic activities, respectively. CYTc-SC/ST-Enzyme complexes were formed by mixing CYTc-SpyCatcher and SpyTag-Enzymes, and the complexes retained their original enzymatic activity. Remarkably, the heme domain served as an electron acceptor from complexed enzymes by intramolecular electron transfer; consequently, all constructed CYTc-SC/ST-Enzyme complexes showed DET ability to the electrode, demonstrating the versatility of this method.
Prospective randomized trial of intravenous v intraperitoneal 5-FU in patients with advanced primary colon or rectal cancer. (1985)

No new chemotherapy agents have been developed in the recent past that present hope for improving survival in patients with colon or rectal cancer. This study was undertaken to investigate a new route of administering an old drug, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). When 5-FU is delivered by the intraperitoneal (IP) route the tolerable dose of drug was markedly increased without an increase in adverse side effects. The natural history of surgically treated disease was changed by reducing the incidence of peritoneal carcinomatosis, but time to relapse and survival was not improved. Intraperitoneal 5-FU may be recommended for investigation in patients with perforated colon cancer, peritoneal implants, or as one part of a multimodality treatment protocol for colorectal cancer. If 5-FU is given to patients with gastrointestinal malignancy, the IP route should be strongly considered.
A BRIEF COMMUNICATION (2009)

The main barrier to a broader clinical application of umbilical cord blood (UCB) transplantation is its limiting cellular content. Thus, the discovery of hematopoietic progenitor cells in murine placental tissue led us investigate whether the human placenta contains hematopoietic cells, sites of hematopoiesis, and to develop a procedure of processing and storing placental hematopoietic cells for transplantation. Here we show that the human placenta contains large numbers of CD34-expressing hematopoietic cells, with the potential to provide a cellular yield several-fold greater than that of a typical UCB harvest. Cells from fresh or cryopreserved placental tissue generated erythroid and myeloid colonies in culture, and also produced lymphoid cells after transplantation in immunodeficient mice. These results suggest that human placenta could become an important new source of hematopoietic cells for allogeneic transplantation.
Relationships among tongue volume, hyoid position, airway volume and maxillofacial form in paediatric patients with Class‐I, Class‐II and Class‐III malocclusions (2018)

Children with Class-III malocclusion have large tongue volumes and small AB; the reverse is true for children with Class-II malocclusion. The hyoid position is closely associated with AB in children with malocclusion.
Beam-Induced Nuclear Depolarization in a Gaseous Polarized-Hydrogen Target (1999)

Spin-polarized atomic hydrogen is used as a gaseous polarized-proton target in high-energy and nuclear-physics experiments operating with internal beams in storage rings. When such beams are intense and bunched, this type of target can be depolarized by a resonant interaction with the transient magnetic field generated by the beam bunches. This effect has been studied with the HERA positron beam in the HERMES experiment at DESY. Resonances have been observed and a simple analytic model has been used to explain their shape and position. Operating conditions for the experiment have been found where there is no significant target depolarization due to this effect.
Design of high torque traction motors for automotive applications using modulated pole SMC machines (2012)

This paper gives details of an ongoing collaborative project in the area of automotive traction drive machine design. The relationship between electrical frequency, torque, pole number and iron loss in modulated pole machines is investigated with respect to fulfilling an industrially relevant specification. A number of alternative topology configurations are simulated, presented and discussed. (6 pages)
Minimizing the Influence of Cogging Torque on Vibration of PM Brushless Machines by Direct Torque Control (2006)

Direct torque control (DTC) is employed to minimize the influence of the cogging torque on the vibrational behavior of a PM brushless machine. Simulated and measured results, both with and without cogging torque compensation, show that DTC is effective in compensating for the influence of cogging torque provided it is taken into account in the torque estimation. The method results in a simple and effective control algorithm and significantly reduces torque ripple and vibration