gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Bangladesh Geohealth Hub: Household Air Pollution, Climate Change and Garment Industry Work (2018)

Household air pollution (HAP) is a global public health problem and less well-studied in developing countries. The overall goal of Bangladesh Hub is to conduct a population-based study (n&amp;#61;600) to examine effects of HAP on preclinical markers of cardiovascular diseases, lung function and immune dysfunction in rural Bangladesh. We will also evaluate impact of clean fuel use (LPG) on health outcomes and conduct two pilot studies to explore health hazards of garment industry work and climate change (temperature and mortality). For capacity development on environmental and occupational health research in Bangladesh, training courses are being conducted at University of Chicago and Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Bangladesh.We have completed 24hr personal exposure (48hr for a subset) to particulate matter (PM2.5), carbon monoxide (CO) and black carbon (BC) on 231 participants using RTI MicroPEM and Lasker CO data logger. On average 48hr concentration of PM2.5, CO, BC was 124&amp;#177;108µgm-3, 1.2&amp;#177;0.9ppm and 4.7&amp;#177;2.1µgm-3 respectively (n&amp;#61;100). Outcome assessments are in progress. Preliminary analysis showed mean carotid intima media thickness, reactive hypermia index, EKG derived QTc (Bazett&amp;#8217;s) was 740.9µm, 1.65 and 435ms respectively. Post bronchodilator administered FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC was 2.1L, 2.6L and 80.8% respectively. We observed inverse relationship (not statistically significant) between PM2.5&amp;gt;100µgm-3 and BC&amp;gt;3µgm-3 with lung function parameters in adjusted models. Cell phenotyping (done by flow cytometry) in women with high PM2.5 exposure (n&amp;#61;8, 191&amp;#177;70µgm-3) had lower percentage of T helper cells, higher Treg cells compared to women with low PM2.5 exposure (n&amp;#61;8; 63&amp;#177;26µgm-3). An indication of imbalance in both cellular and humoral immunity in response to HAP was observed.Three Bangladeshi candidates attended short courses and three others are in one year post-doctoral training at University of Chicago. Several short courses were organized by BSMMU.
Label-free fluorometric assay for acetylcholinesterase and inhibitor screening based on supramolecular assemblies (2013)

A new, easily prepared, inexpensive and facile fluorometric assay method for screening of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and its inhibitor is successfully established with the supramolecular assemblies of myristoylcholine and heparin. Myristoylcholine, an amphiphilic compound, is chosen as the cationic surfactant as well as the substrate for AChE. The environment-dependent dye pyrene, encapsulated in hydrophobic interiors of the supramolecular assemblies, works as the fluorescent probe. This new assay method is designed to monitor the release of the encapsulated fluorescent probe from supramolecular assemblies triggered by an enzyme hydrolysis process. Such a strategy is appealing; organic synthesis was not required due to the use of the supramolecular assembly. The supramolecular assembly system allows for the sensitive assay of AChE with a limit of detection (LOD) as low as 4 mU mL−1. The results also clearly demonstrate the usefulness of this fluorometric assay method for screening inhibitors of AChE. Given its inexpensive, simple and easy operation, this method may extend to high-throughput screening of AChE inhibitors and relevant Alzheimer's disease (AD) drug discovery.
Polyol profiles in Down syndrome. myo-Inositol, specifically, is elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid. (1995)

Polyols are reduction products of aldoses and ketoses; their concentrations in tissues can reflect carbohydrate metabolism. Several polyol species were quantitated in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma from 10 Down Syndrome (trisomy 21) subjects between the ages of 22 and 63 years (3 of whom were demented) and from 10 healthy age-matched controls, using a gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric technique. The mean CSF concentration and the mean CSF/plasma concentration ratio of myo-inositol were significantly elevated in Down syndrome compared with controls, but were not correlated with the presence of dementia in the Down subjects. Plasma myo-inositol was not significantly altered in these subjects. No significant difference between Down syndrome and controls was found for CSF concentrations of mannitol, sorbitol, galactitol, ribitol, arabitol, or 1,5-anhydrosorbitol, but plasma mannitol, ribitol and arabitol were elevated in Down syndrome. The present observation provides new impetus for studying synthesis and transport of myo-inositol as well as phosphatidylinositol cycle in trisomy 21 disorder.
Textbook of Pediatric Psychosomatic Medicine (2010)

Paediatric psychosomatic medicine, or paediatric liaison psychiatry, is at a crossroads in the UK and elsewhere. Is it to be an easy target for cuts or can we convince those in power of its potential to actually save money, not to mention suffering, both now and in the future? In this context a comprehensive textbook whose aim is to articulate the evidence base for the mental health aspects of paediatrics is very welcome. Although the majority of contributors are from the USA, the cultural differences, though present, are not intrusive. I liked the format of the book, with the scene set by a description of the biopsychosocial model and a rationale for its use. This thread runs through the book resulting in a cohesive approach to a breadth of clinical areas. The focus on referral questions was the most useful area for me, working in paediatric liaison psychiatry; it fills in the gaps in my reading and reassures me that my clinical work is not out of step with the available evidence from national and international colleagues. The chapter on treatment adherence and the subsequent section on specialties and subspecialties should be mandatory reading for paediatricians in training. It helps to understand the psychosocial adjustment and other psychosocial difficulties across a range of conditions, also discussing evidence-based treatments for each. Perhaps it is because treatment issues are so well handled in the individual subsections that I was so disappointed with the more general concluding section on treatment. Being at a crossroads, paediatric liaison psychiatry needs to sell itself and what it has to offer harder. I would also have liked to see attention given to our input into medical systems, particularly our role in containing anxiety in these systems. In truth, although this is often the most valuable and difficult part of our job, it is probably also the hardest to measure. I suspect this lack of evidence is the reason for this absence. The other omission is looking in more detail at chronic fatigue syndrome. Rightly or wrongly, it is a significant part of my clinical work, an area of immense suffering and impairment where mental health professionals, working as part of a multidisciplinary team, can have a significant impact. In spite of these reservations, I can wholeheartedly recommend this book to any health professional working with children. We need to use what evidence there is regarding psychosocial management in paediatric conditions and identify areas where evidence is lacking. This book will help us do both.
Lifetime imaging of radiative and non-radiative fluorescence decays on nanoplasmonic surface (2012)

We report the fluorescence lifetime imaging and quantum yield measurement of five different fluorescence dyes spanning different quantum yield and excitation wavelength ranges in solution as well as on irregular nanoplasmonic substrate surface. Due to a distribution of dye molecules at random distances and orientation to the metal nanoplasmonic structure, the dyes showed multi-component lifetime decays on the surface. We have simulated the distribution of lifetime on the surface based on fractional intensity relative to steady-state value and derived an average lifetime with species fraction. From the quantum yield and fluorescence lifetime measurements we calculated the modified radiative and non-radiative decay rates for the dyes due to energy coupling on the substrate. We measured up to 100 fold fluorescence enhancement on nanoplasmonic substrate, and all molecule fluorescence showed not only considerably higher radiative decay rate but also higher non-radiative decay rate.
Small-Polaronic Diffusion of Light Interstitials in bcc Metals (1979)

The small-polaronic diffusion associated with simple models of light interstitials in bcc metals has been investigated. By transcending the simplifications which are often introduced in studying electronic small-polaron transport, we calculate diffusion coefficients which are reasonably consistent with available data. In particular, an explanation of the "anamalous" isotope dependence observed for hydrogen diffusion in bcc metals emerges from these studies.
Proximal colon distention increases Fos expression in the lumbosacral spinal cord and activates sacral parasympathetic NADPHd‐positive neurons in rats (1998)

Fos expression induced by nociceptive mechanical distention of the proximal colon was examined in the lumbosacral spinal cord in freely moving rats equipped with a chronic balloon in the proximal colon. Fos protein in lumbosacral neurons was detected immunocytochemically, and colocalization with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase (NADPHd) activity was determined histochemically at 1 hour after distention. Distention of the proximal colon (10 ml, 30 seconds on/off for 10 minutes, about 90 mm Hg) increased the number of Fos-positive cells in the lumbar 6 (L6) and sacral 1 and 2 (S1, S2) segments, whereas no change was observed in the L1–L5 and S3 segments compared with the sham distended group or with animals that received no treatment. In L6–S2 segments, Fos-positive neurons were increased by two-fold in laminae I-VII (mainly in laminae I and outer II) and area X (surrounding the central canal) and by nine-fold in the sacral parasympathetic nucleus. Results of time course studies indicate that the maximal increase in Fos expression observed at 1 hour after distention returns to basal levels within 4 hours. In the S1 segment, distention of the proximal colon increased the percentage of NADPHd/Fos-positive neurons selectively in the parasympathetic nucleus by 40% compared with less than 4% in the sham distention group; the number and pattern of NADPHd-stained cells were not modified. These results indicate that noxious distention of the proximal colon for a short duration in awake rats selectively activates neurons in the L6-S2 segments of the dorsal horn mainly in laminae involved in nociceptive and autonomic processing. The marked activation of NADPHd-positive neurons in the sacral parasympathetic nucleus suggests a possible role of nitric oxide in the visceroautonomic reflexes induced by distention of the proximal colon. J. Comp. Neurol. 390:311–321, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Enhancement by tetraphenylborate of technetium-99m-MIBI uptake kinetics and accumulation in cultured chick myocardial cells. (1991)

Myocellular uptake and retention of technetium-99m-hexakis (2-methoxyisobutylisonitrile) (Tc-MIBI), a lipophilic cationic myocardial perfusion and viability imaging agent, is dependent on both mitochondrial and plasma-membrane potentials. To test for enhancement of uptake kinetics by lipophilic anions, cultured chick heart cells were exposed to tetraphenylborate (TPB), which produced a concentration-dependent maximal 15-fold increase in Tc-MIBI uptake kinetics (at 3 x 10(-5) M) and enhanced peak accumulation of Tc-MIBI from 165.4 +/- 26.3 to 705.6 +/- 61.3 fmoles/mg protein.nMo (P less than 0.001). Carbonyl cyanide-m-chloro phenylhydrazone (CCCP; 10(-5) M), a mitochondrial uncoupler, rapidly depleted cellular content of Tc-MIBI in the presence of TPB (10(-5) M) from 300.0 +/- 30.0 to 42.5 +/- 1.9 fmole/mg protein.nMo (p less than 0.001). TPB enhanced both uptake rates and net accumulation of Tc-MIBI at all buffer Ko concentrations between 130 mM and 0.54 mM. Tc-MIBI influx rates allowed estimation of plasma-membrane potential as a function of Ko in the presence of valinomycin with a slope of -67 mV/decade (r = -0.99). The results further support a potential-dependent mechanism for cell uptake of Tc-MIBI and suggest a rational approach for increasing tissue extraction fraction in vivo.
Containers & Docker: Emerging roles & future of Cloud technology (2016)

Container-based virtualization uses single kernel to run multiple instances on an operating system and virtualization layer runs as an application within the operating system. It is also called operating system virtualization and in this approach, the kernel of operating system runs on the hardware node with different isolated guest virtual machines (VMs) called containers.
A note on competing risks in survival data analysis (2004)

Survival analysis encompasses investigation of time to event data. In most clinical studies, estimating the cumulative incidence function (or the probability of experiencing an event by a given time) is of primary interest. When the data consist of patients who experience an event and censored individuals, a nonparametric estimate of the cumulative incidence can be obtained using the Kaplan-Meier method. Under this approach, the censoring mechanism is assumed to be noninformative. In other words, the survival time of an individual (or the time at which a subject experiences an event) is assumed to be independent of a mechanism that would cause the patient to be censored. Often times, a patient may experience an event other than the one of interest which alters the probability of experiencing the event of interest. Such events are known as competing risk events. In this setting, it would often be of interest to calculate the cumulative incidence of a specific event of interest. Any subject who does not experience the event of interest can be treated as censored. However, a patient experiencing a competing risk event is censored in an informative manner. Hence, the Kaplan-Meier estimation procedure may not be directly applicable. The cumulative incidence function for an event of interest must be calculated by appropriately accounting for the presence of competing risk events. In this paper, we illustrate nonparametric estimation of the cumulative incidence function for an event of interest in the presence of competing risk events using two published data sets. We compare the resulting estimates with those obtained using the Kaplan-Meier approach to demonstrate the importance of appropriately estimating the cumulative incidence of an event of interest in the presence of competing risk events.
Shape memory properties of electrospun non-woven mat prepared from sol-gel crosslinked poly(e-caprolactone) (2016)

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Changes in Cell Adhesiveness and Physicochemical Properties of Cross-Linked Albumin Films after Ultraviolet Irradiation (2015)

We discovered the unique cell adhesive properties of ultraviolet (UV)-irradiated albumin films. Albumin films prepared using a cross-linking reagent with epoxy groups maintained native albumin properties, such as resistance to cell adhesion. Interestingly, the cell adhesive properties of films varied depending upon the UV irradiation time; specifically, cell adhesiveness increased until 2 h of UV irradiation, when the cell number attached to the film was similar to that of culture dishes, and then cell adhesiveness decreased until 20 h of UV irradiation, after which the surface returned to the initial non-adhesive state. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon, we examined the effect of UV irradiation on albumin film properties. The following changes occurred in response to UV irradiation: decreased α-helical structure, cleavage of albumin peptide bonds, and increased hydrophilicity and oxygen content of the albumin film surface. In addition, we found a positive correlation between the degree of cell adhesion and the amount of fibronectin adsorbed on the film. Taken together, UV-induced changes in films highly affect the amount of cell adhesion proteins adsorbed on the films depending upon the irradiation time, which determines cell adhesion behavior.
Windshear Avoidance: Requirements And Proposed System For Airborne Lidar Detection (1988)

A generalized windshear hazard index is defined, which is derived from considerations of wind conditions and an aircraft&apos;s present and potential altitude. Based on a systems approach to the windshear threat, lidar appears to be a viable methodology for windshear detection and avoidance, even in conditions of moderately heavy precipitation. The proposed airborne CO<sub>2</sub> and Ho:YAG lidar windshear detection systems analyzed in this paper can each give the pilot information about the line-of-sight component of windshear threat from his present position to a region extending 1 to 3 km in front of the aircraft. This constitutes a warning time of 15 to 45 s. The technology necessary to design, build and test such a brassboard 10.6-&mu;m CO<sub>2</sub> lidar is at hand.
Behavior of Local Charge-Trapping Sites in La2O3–Al2O3 Composite Films under Constant Voltage Stress (2007)

We have investigated the behavior of local charge-trapping sites in La2O3–Al2O3 composite films under electrical stress by observing local leakage current by conductive atomic force microscopy (C-AFM). The total area of leakage spots was observed to increase in current images obtained when repeating C-AFM observation at a constant substrate voltage. This phenomenon can be explained by the local trapping of holes in the film in which the Fowler–Nordheim tunneling current becomes predominant. On the other hand, in the area without leakage spots, average leakage current gradually decreases, due to the electron trapping in the film. The present C-AFM observation clearly reveals different behaviors of trapping sites for electrons and holes; the trapped holes are more easily detrapped than the electrons, and the number of electron-trapping sites is more effectively reduced by additional thermal oxidation than the number of holes.
Surgical control of the human thalamocortical dysrhythmia: I. Central lateral thalamotomy in neurogenic pain (2001)

Reactualization of the medial thalamotomy, performed since the fifties in cases of neurogenic pain, has been guided by the discovery of low threshold calcium spike bursts at frequencies in the delta-theta range in the posterior part of the central lateral (CL) nucleus. This thalamic rhythmicity is transmitted to the cortex through thalamocortical resonant properties, giving rise to the thalamocortical dysrhythmia, proposed to be the mechanism of neurogenic pain as well as other central nervous system (CNS) dysfunctions. Magnetic resonance- and microelectrode-guided stereotactic CL thalamotomy was implemented in 96 patients suffering from chronic therapy-resistant peripheral or central neurogenic pain (mean age: 56 ± 15 years; pain duration before surgery: 7.5 ± 8 years). At a mean follow-up of 3 years, 9 months ± 2 years, 9 months, 53% of the patients benefited from a relief superior to 50% (complete relief in 18.7%). Further analysis of the results demonstrated a significant difference between patients suffering from intermittent as compared with continuous pain. Patients with continuous pain showed only a mean relief of 20.4 ± 25.8% in contrast to the 66 ± 39.2% obtained for patients with intermittent (episodic or paroxysmal) pain manifestations. This was confirmed by the pre- and postoperative visual analogue scale scores showing a significant decrease (59.2%) only in the patient group with intermittent pain. Allodynia was suppressed in 57.3% of the patients. Parameters such as the preoperative pain duration or the site of the causal lesion did not affect the surgical outcome. In 28 patients suffering from unilateral continuous pain, the addition of an ipsilateral CL thalamotomy provided a further significant pain relief. A suppression of drug intake was observed in 31.6% of the patients. Complications occurred in 11.5% of the patients and led to a long term significant disability in only one case. In conclusion, CL thalamotomy is a safe neurosurgical option for neurogenic pain, especially for patients suffering from intermittent pain or allodynia. Its limitation in cases of continuous pain indicates the necessity to explore other stereotactic targets outside of the medial thalamus.
Perceptual controls for synthesizers: Relating synthesis parameters to perceived timbre (1985)

When faced with the task of producing a given range of timbres on a commercially available synthesizer, users must learn how the manipulation of the controls of the synthesizer affects the timbres produced by the synthesizer. The process of developing the desired palette of timbres usually involves making educated guesses at how the synthesis parameters must be varied and then proceeding with a trial and error search for the desired sound qualities. This process may be described as a method for the psychophysical scaling of synthetic timbres. With the advent of the standardized Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI), an avenue has been opened for a more systematic approach to the problem of relating synthesis parameters and perceived timbre. At the Northwestern University Computer Music Studio, we have developed a software environment which applies the methods of modern psychoacoustics to determining this relation for MIDI-controlled commercial synthesizers. The software supports the automatic perceptual scaling of synthesis parameters and is capable of providing control over synthetic timbres which is based strictly upon the perceptual features of the desired timbres.
Atomistic Modeling Methods (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: EAM Potentials MEAM Potentials Upscaling: Bridging the Atomic Level to the Dislocation Density Level and the Continuum Level Summary References
Tunicamycin Enhances Neuroinvasion and Encephalitis in Mice Infected with Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus (2006)

Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) viruses cause natural outbreaks in humans and horses and represent a significant biothreat agent. The effect of tunicamycin on the course of the disease in mice with VEE was investigated, and the combined effects of these agents was characterized. CD-1 mice given 2.5 μg of tunicamycin had &gt; 1,000-fold more virus in the brain 48 hours after infection with the virulent VEE strain V3000 and &gt;100-fold of the attenuated strain V3034 at all tested times than did untreated mice, indicating enhanced neuroinvasion. Tunicamycin did not alter the viremia profiles of these viruses nor the replication of V3000 in the brain itself. Tunicamycin alone caused ultrastructural blood-brain barrier damage, yet neuroinvasion by V3000 in treated mice appeared to occur via the olfactory system rather than the blood-brain barrier. Tunicamycin-treated, V3000-infected mice also exhibited earlier and more severe weight loss, neurological signs, neuronal infection, neuronal necrosis and apoptosis, and inflammation than untreated, V3000-infected mice. The mean survival time of tunicamycin-treated, V3000-infected mice was 7.3 days versus 9.9 days for untreated, V3000-infected mice. These studies imply that animals that ingest toxins similar to tunicamycin, including the agent of annual ryegrass toxicity in livestock, are conceivably at greater risk from infections by encephalitis viruses and that humans and horses exposed to agents acting similar to tunicamycin may be more susceptible to encephalitis caused by VEE viruses. The exact mechanism of tunicamycin-enhanced neuroinvasion by VEE viruses requires further study.