gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adolescent Obesity and Paternal Country of Origin Predict Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Cohort Study of 1.1 Million 16 to 19-Year-Old Males (2012)

Overweight in late adolescence is a substantial risk factor for renal cell carcinoma. European origin is independently associated with excess risk and it persists among Israeli born males. Preventing childhood obesity may be a promising target for decreasing the burden of renal cancer.
The Anti-Fibrotic Effects of CG-745, an HDAC Inhibitor, in Bleomycin and PHMG-Induced Mouse Models (2019)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal lung disease with poor prognosis and progression to lung fibrosis related to genetic factors as well as environmental factors. In fact, it was discovered that in South Korea many people who used humidifier disinfectants containing polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG), died of lung fibrosis. Currently two anti-fibrotic drugs, pirfenidone and nintedanib, have been approved by the FDA, but unfortunately, do not cure the disease. Since the histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity is associated with progression to chronic diseases and with fibrotic phenomena in the kidney, heart and lung tissues, we investigated the anti-fibrotic effects of CG-745, an HDAC inhibitor. After lung fibrosis was induced in two animal models by bleomycin and PHMG instillation, the regulation of fibrosis and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related markers was assessed. CG-745 exhibited potent prevention of collagen production, inflammatory cell accumulation, and cytokines release in both models. Additionally, N-cadherin and vimentin expression were lowered significantly by the treatment of CG-745. The anti-fibrotic effects of CG-745 proven by the EMT regulation may suggest a potential therapeutic effect of CG-745 on lung fibrosis.
Performance and sensitivity of column-wise and pixel-wise methane retrievals for imaging spectrometers (2023)

Abstract. Strong methane point source emissions generate large atmospheric concentrations that can be detected and quantified with infrared remote sensing and retrieval algorithms. Two standard and widely used retrieval algorithms for one class of observing platform, imaging spectrometers, include pixel-wise and column-wise approaches. In this study, we assess the performance of both approaches using the airborne imaging spectrometer (Global Airborne Observatory) observations of two extensive controlled release experiments. We find that the column-wise retrieval algorithm is sensitive to the flight line length and can have a systematic low bias with short flight lines, which is not present in the pixel-wise retrieval algorithm. However, when the flight line length is sufficiently long, the column-wise retrieval algorithms produce results that very closely match metered emission rates. Lastly, this study examines the methane plume detection performance of GAO with a column-wise retrieval algorithm, and finds minimum detection limits between 9–10 kg/hr and 90 % probability of detection between 10–45 kg/h. These results present a framework of rules for guiding proper concentration retrieval selection given conditions at the time of observation to ensure robust detection and quantification.
Text stream processing (2012)

The aim of this tutorial is to present an overview of text stream processing starting with a description and properties of text streams, and continuing with a series of text processing techniques and their applicability to text streams. Among the text processing techniques we are going to describe entity extraction and resolution, event and fact extraction, word sense disambiguation, sentiment analysis, summarization, social network analysis, all in the context of text streams.
Hybrid Precoding for Secure Transmission in Reflect-Array-Assisted Massive MIMO Systems (2020)

Recently, a hybrid analog-digital architecture has been proposed for multiuser MIMO transmission in the millimeter-wave spectrum using reflect-arrays. The architecture exhibits scalability and high energy-efficiency while keeping the transmitter cost-efficient. Inspired by this architecture, we design a secure multiuser hybrid analog-digital precoding scheme. This scheme utilizes the method of regularized least-squares to shape the downlink beamformers, such that the signal received via malicious terminals is effectively suppressed. Numerical investigations depict high robustness of this scheme against the density of malicious terminals, as well as the quality of overhearing channels. Such properties along with high efficiency of the transmitter imply that the proposed scheme is an effective candidate for secure communication in multiuser millimeter-wave massive MIMO systems.
Electrorheology of Suspension of Sulfonated Styrene-Co-Divinylbenzene Particles — Approach Based on the Dielectric Properties of the Suspension — (1999)

Effects of particle concentration, water content and temperature on the electrorheology of suspensions of highly sulfonated styrene-co-divinylbenzene (SSD) particles in a silicone oil were investigated. The induced shear stress was measured with a modified rotary rheometer. The electrorheology of the suspension was largely affected by the particle concentration, the water content and the measurement temperature. The induced shear stress for the particle concentration of 40 wt% was about twice as large as that of 20 wt%. The induced shear stress for the water content of 4 wt% was about twice as large as that of 2 wt%. The induced shear stress for the temperature of 80°C was about 15 times as large as that of 20°C. Dielectric properties were measured to elucidate the mechanism of electrorheology. In order for an ER fluid to have large ER effect, relaxation frequency of the ER fluid should be between 100 and 10 5 Hz and the difference of the dielectric constant below and above the relaxation frequency (Δ∊ ′ ) must be large, which we refer to as the dielectric property mechanism. The relation between measured ER effect and dielectric property mechanism was discussed.
Ground bouncing noise suppression techniques for MTCMOS circuits (2009)

Ground bouncing noise produced during the sleep to active mode transitions is an important challenge in Multi-Threshold CMOS (MTCMOS) circuits. The effectiveness of different noise-aware MTCMOS circuit techniques to deal with the ground bouncing noise phenomenon is evaluated in this paper. An intermediate relaxation mode is investigated to gradually dump the charge stored on the virtual ground line to the real ground distribution network during the sleep to active mode transitions. The peak amplitude of the ground bouncing noise is reduced by up to 69.17% with the noise-aware MTCMOS circuits without sacrificing the savings in leakage power consumption as compared to the standard MTCMOS circuits in a 90nm CMOS technology.
Clinical significance of enteroviruses in serious summer febrile illnesses of children (1999)

During the summer-fall months, 39% (79 of 203) of children for whom blood cultures and/or lumbar punctures were performed for suspected bacterial infection had enterovirus infection identified as the only explanation for their illness. Of those patients with no alternative diagnosis, enterovirus infection was confirmed in 46% (79 of 179). The majority of those patients requiring hospitalization were infected with enteroviruses. The use of PCR increases the number of children for whom a specific etiology of illness can be determined and may in the future reduce the hospitalization and use of unnecessary antibiotics in patients with enterovirus infections.
ChemInform Abstract: Generation of Stereochemically Defined Tetrasubstituted Enolborinates by 1,4‐Hydroboration of α,β‐Unsaturated Morpholine Carboxamides with (Diisopinocampheyl)borane. (2014)

Abstract The aldol reaction of stereodefined tetrasubstituted enolborinates, derived from the reaction of α,β‐unsaturated carboxamides with enantiopure diisopinocampheylborane, with aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes is described.
Aneurysms After Microvascular Anastomoses (1979)

San Francisco, Calif. From the Ralph K. Davies Medical Center. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Association of Military Plastic Surgeons on January 15, 1977 in Washington, D.C.
Catalysis in Ionic Liquids (2007)

A review in the use of ionic liquids' solvents in catalyzed reactions as well as its use in biocatalytic and electrocatalyzed reactions has been presented. These reactions include hydrogenation, catalytic oxidation, acid-base-catalyzed reactions, carbonylation and hydroformylation, dimerization, polymerization, Heck reaction, Suzuki cross-coupling and other related reaction. The study clearly shows a large potential using the combination of ILs and solid catalysts in both liquid-phase and gas-phase reactions. The latter shows the versatility of ILs in stabilizing homogeneous catalysts and enables good mass transport of gas reagents using thin films of the ionic liquid.
Anti-inflammatory effects of zinc and alterations in zinc transporter mRNA in mouse models of allergic inflammation (2006)

There is clinical evidence linking asthma with the trace element, zinc (Zn). Using a mouse model of allergic inflammation, we have previously shown that labile Zn decreases in inflamed airway epithelium (Truong-Tran AQ, Ruffin RE, Foster PS, Koskinen AM, Coyle P, Philcox JC, Rofe AM, Zalewski PD. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 27: 286-296, 2002). Moreover, mild nutritional Zn deficiency worsens lung function. Recently, a number of proteins belonging to the Solute Carrier Family 39 (ZIP) and Solute Carrier Family 30 (ZnT) have been identified that bind Zn and regulate Zn homeostasis. Mice were sensitized, and subsequently aerochallenged, with ovalbumin to induce acute and chronic airway inflammation. Mice received 0, 54, or 100 microg of Zn intraperitoneally. Tissues were analyzed for Zn content and histopathology. Inflammatory cells were counted in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Cytokine and Zn transporter mRNA levels were determined by cDNA gene array and/or real-time PCR. Zn supplementation decreased bronchoalveolar lavage fluid eosinophils by 40 and 80%, and lymphocytes by 55 and 66%, in the acute and chronic models, respectively. Alterations in Zn transporter expression were observed during acute inflammation, including increases in ZIP1 and ZIP14 and decreases in ZIP4 and ZnT4. Zn supplementation normalized ZIP1 and ZIP14, but it did not affect mRNA levels of cytokines or their receptors. Our results indicate that inflammation-induced alterations in Zn transporter gene expression are directed toward increasing Zn uptake. Increases in Zn uptake may be needed to counteract the local loss of Zn in the airway and to meet an increased demand for Zn-dependent proteins. The reduction of inflammatory cells by Zn in the airways provides support for Zn supplementation trials in human asthmatic individuals.
Multiple Auditory Steady State Responses (80-101 Hz): Effects of Ear, Gender, Handedness, Intensity and Modulation Rate (2008)

Presenting multiple stimuli at 73 dB SPL in the same ear decreases the amplitude of the ASSR compared with when the stimuli are presented singly. This is caused by the masking effect of low on higher carrier frequencies and some other inhibitory effect of high on lower frequencies. Dichotic stimulation can increase the amplitude of the response to stimuli modulated more rapidly (and concomitantly decrease the responses to the stimuli modulated more slowly). This effect occurs only for carrier frequencies <2000 Hz and for modulation frequencies <90 Hz. Dichotic stimulation also causes a small but highly significant decrease in the latency of the response compared with monotic stimulation.
On the Anisotropically Etched Bonding Interface of Directly Bonded (100) Silicon Wafer Pairs (1995)

We discovered that the shapes of the (111) facet structures were closely related to the disintegration, the spheroidization, and the stabilization of the native interfacial oxide layer in directly bonded Si wafer pairs. These (111) facet structures are generated from the anisotropic etching of (110) cross section of bonded (100) Si wafer pairs. After etching, the facet structures at the bonding interface look like a broken line as the interfacial oxide layers are disintegrated and spheroidized. When a uniform interfacial oxide layer is inserted between two silicon wafers, the oxide layer acts as an etch mask during anisotropic etching. Therefore, the (111) facet structure becomes wider and more pronounced. Also, we confirmed that most of the interfacial oxide existing at the bonding interface of well‐aligned wafer pairs were disintegrated and spheroidized through a high temperature annealing process >900°C. Finally, we inferred from our measurements, the bonding strength (surface energy) increased as the interfacial oxide is stabilized, disintegrated, and spheroidized.
Glucose Measurement: Time for a Gold Standard (2007)

There is no internationally recognized reference method for the measurement of blood glucose. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) highlighted the need for standardization some years ago when a project was started. The project objectives were to (1) investigate whether there are significant differences in calibration levels among currently used glucose monitors for home use and (2) develop a reference method for glucose determination. A first study confirmed the assumption that currently used home-use monitors differ significantly and that standardization is necessary in order to minimize variability and to improve patient care. As a reference method, CDC recommended a method based on isotope dilution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, an assay that has received support from clinical chemists worldwide. CDC initiated a preliminary study to establish the suitability of this method, but then the project came to a halt. It is hoped that CDC, with support from the industry, as well as academic and professional organizations such as the American Association for Clinical Chemistry and International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, will be able to finalize the project and develop the long-awaited and much needed "gold standard" for glucose measurement.
Neuroprotection by MKK7 inhibition in excitotoxicity (2015)

SpringerPlus 2015, 4(Suppl 1):L1 MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, 22-25 nucleotide long transcripts that may suppress entire signaling pathways by interacting with the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of coding mRNA targets, interrupting translation and inducing degradation of these targets. The long 3'-UTRs of brain transcripts compared to other tissues predict important roles for brain miRNAs. Supporting this notion, we found that brain miRNAs co-evolved with their target transcripts, that non-coding pseudogenes with miRNA recognition elements compete with brain coding mRNAs on their miRNA interactions, and that Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) on such pseudogenes are enriched in mental diseases including autism and schizophrenia, but not Alzheimer's disease (AD). Focusing on evolutionarily conserved and primate-specifi c miRNA controllers of cholinergic signaling ('CholinomiRs'), we fi nd modifi ed CholinomiR levels in the brain and/or nucleated blood cells of patients with AD and Parkinson's disease, with treatment-related diff erences in their levels and prominent impact on the cognitive and anti-infl ammatory consequences of cholinergic signals. Examples include the acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-targeted evolutionarily conserved miR-132, whose levels decline drastically in the AD brain. Furthermore, we found that interruption of AChE mRNA's interaction with the primatespecifi c CholinomiR-608 in carriers of a SNP in the AChE's miR-608 binding site induces domino-like eff ects that reduce the levels of many other miR-608 targets. Young, healthy carriers of this SNP express 40% higher brain AChE activity than others, potentially aff ecting the responsiveness to AD's anti-AChE therapeutics, and show elevated trait anxiety, infl ammation and hypertension. Non-coding regions aff ecting miRNA-target interactions in neurodegenerative brains thus merit special attention.
[Correlation of HSP90 mRNA expression with migration ability of human multiple myeloma cells]. (2010)

This study was aimed to investigate the correlation of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) expression with migration ability of human multiple myeloma cells. The HSP90 mRNA expression and migration change of human multiple myeloma cell line (U266) were detected by RT-PCR and Transwell chamber respectively after treatment of U266 cells with final concentration 50, 100, 150, 200 nmol/L of bortezomib (proteosome inhibitor) for 4 hours. The results indicated that along with the increasing of bortezomib concentration, the expression level of HSP90alpha mRNA in U266 cells was enhanced, while no obvious increase of HSP90beta mRNA expression was observed in spite of statistical difference as a whole (p<0.05), but with the increasing of drug concentration in cells, their migration ability gradually decreased (p<0.05). It is concluded that the correlation of HSP90 expression with migration ability of human multiple myeloma cells exists.
Targeted delivery of hyaluronic acid-coated solid lipid nanoparticles for rheumatoid arthritis therapy (2018)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic inflammatory disease. Long-term, high-dose glucocorticoid therapy can be used to treat the disease, but the fact that the drug distributes systemically can give rise to severe adverse effects. Here we develop a targeted system for treating RA in which the glucocorticoid prednisolone (PD) is encapsulated within solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) coated with hyaluronic acid (HA), giving rise to HA-SLNs/PD. HA binds to hyaluronic receptor CD44, which is over-expressed on the surface of synovial lymphocytes, macrophages and fibroblasts in inflamed joints in RA. As predicted, HA-SLNs/PD particles accumulated in affected joint tissue after intravenous injection into mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), and HA-SLNs/PD persisted longer in circulation and preserved bone and cartilage better than free drug or drug encapsulated in SLNs without HA. HA-SLNs/PD reduced joint swelling, bone erosion and levels of inflammatory cytokines in serum. These results suggest that encapsulating glucocorticoids such as PD in HA-coated SLNs may render them safe and effective for treating inflammatory disorders.
Absolute-length determination of a long-baseline Fabry–Perot cavity by means of resonating modulation sidebands (1999)

A new method has been demonstrated for absolute-length measurements of a long-baseline Fabry-Perot cavity by use of phase-modulated light. This method is based on determination of a free spectral range (FSR) of the cavity from the frequency difference between a carrier and phase-modulation sidebands, both of which resonate in the cavity. Sensitive response of the Fabry-Perot cavity near resonant frequencies ensures accurate determination of the FSR and thus of the absolute length of the cavity. This method was applied to a 300-m Fabry-Perot cavity of the TAMA gravitational wave detector that is being developed at the National Astronomical Observatory, Tokyo. With a modulation frequency of approximately 12 MHz, we successfully determined the absolute cavity length with resolution of 1 microm (3 x 10(-9) in strain) and observed local ground strain variations of 6 x 10(-8).
Facile Synthesis of 2,3-Diiodonaphthalene and 2-Bromo-3-iodonaphthalene (2003)

Abstract 2,3-Diiodonaphthalene (5) and 2-bromo-3-iodonaphthalene (6) were readily synthesized in two steps by iodination of the corresponding bis(hexachlorocyclopentadiene) adducts 1 and 3 of naphthalene and 2-bromonaphthalene, in methanesulfonic acid, followed by retro Diels-Alder reaction combined with sublimation.
Using cellular energy conversion and storage mechanics for bio-inspired energy harvesting (2013)

Novel biologically-inspired energy harvesting devices constructed with lipid bilayer membranes are studied. Recently the research group has proposed the use of biomolecular unit cells consisting of encapsulated droplets with a lipid bilayer formed at their interfaces, stabilized between the two aqueous compartments. This allows for the rapid study and assessment of the characteristics of the individual unit cell, the insertion of various transport proteins and peptides that shape the response of the unit cell, and the construction of complex networks of these biomolecular systems. The goal of this work is to develop and study methods for constructing energy relevant devices through these biomolecular networks. These networks are highly tailorable, and allow the researcher to alter the embedded proteins/peptides in the lipid bilayer, the bilayer dimensions through the application of compressive forces, and the salt concentrations in the droplets. This allows for a high degree of control over their attributes and outputs. These systems also exhibit collective properties through large networks of the unit cells, allowing for complex sensing and actuation behavior not exhibited by single cells. This paper provides an overview of the development of a model for predicting the performance and output of these energy relevant biomolecular networks as well as preliminary experimental results that demonstrate some of the concepts in action.
Activation of protein kinase C by Triton X-100 mixed micelles containing diacylglycerol and phosphatidylserine. (1985)

A mixed micellar assay for protein kinase C was developed to investigate the specificity and stoichiometry of activation by phospholipids and diacylglycerols. Triton X-100 mixed micelles containing 8 mol % phosphatidylserine (PS) and 2.5 mol % sn-1,2-dioleoylglycerol (diC18:1) activated rat brain protein kinase C in the presence of Ca2+ to the same degree as sonicated PS/diC18:1 did in the standard assay. However, protein kinase C activity was more responsive to diC18:1 in the mixed micellar assay than the standard assay. At 8 mol % PS and 100 microM Ca2+, diC18:1 stimulated maximally at 1 mol %. At 2.5 mol % diC18:1 and 100 microM Ca2+, PS did not activate until 3 mol % and then did so cooperatively with maximal stimulation occurring at 6-8 mol %. Direct evidence for a Ca2+-, PS-, and diC18:1-dependent interaction of protein kinase C with mixed micelles was obtained by molecular sieve chromatography on Sephacryl S-200. These data permit inferences pertaining to the number of diC18:1 and PS molecules/micelle which are required for activation. For diC18:1, a single molecule may be sufficient but no more than 2 molecules are required. For PS, greater than 4 but less than 10 molecules are required. These data establish that a phospholipid bilayer is not required for protein kinase C activation and that activation of monomeric protein kinase C occurs.
The catalytic performance of metal complexes immobilized on SBA-15 in the ring opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone with different metals (Ti, Al, Zn and Mg) and immobilization procedures (2015)

A family of heterogeneous catalysts has been prepared by employing different strategies: firstly by direct reaction or grafting of titanium, zinc, aluminium and magnesium precursors with dehydrated SBA-15 and secondly by reaction of the metallic derivatives with a hybrid SBA-15 mesoporous material, which possesses a new covalently bonded linker based on an amino alcohol chelate ligand. These materials have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), N2 adsorption-desorption, FT-IR and multi-nuclear NMR spectroscopy. The catalytic performance of the prepared materials has been studied in the ring opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone and compared with that of their homogeneous counterparts. Conversion values obtained by using homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts depend on the metal precursor and the synthetic procedure. The most active heterogeneous Ti-SBA-15, Zn-SBA-15 and Zn-PADO-HMDS-SBA-15 catalysts produced poly(ε-caprolactone) with a narrow molecular weight distribution, close to one. In all cases polymerization was confirmed to proceed via a coordination insertion mechanism after end group analysis by (1)H NMR.