gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clinical presentation and therapeutic management of venous thrombosis in young children: a retrospective analysis (2018)

Young children with VTE most commonly have CVC-VTE and approximately one-tenth and one-fourth received no or only short durations of anticoagulant therapy, respectively. Recurrent VTE rates without anticoagulation, during anticoagulation or shortly after its discontinuation seem comparable to those observed in adults. Short and flexible treatment durations could potentially increase recruitment in EINSTEIN-Jr. phase III.
Nearly ideal Schottky contacts of n-InP (2002)

Nearly ideal Schottky contacts were realized on n-InP by oxide-free surface cleaning techniques. Current-voltage (I-V) and capacitance-voltage (C-V) characteristics of the metal-semiconductor (MS) diodes are presented for the temperature range of 100 to 300 K. The current transport mechanism is found to be dominated by thermionic emission (TE) rather than thermionic field emission (TFE) theory. The ideality factor, n, is nearly constant in the temperature range of 150 to 300 K. The superior behavior of the diodes, such as ideal electrical characteristics, n values of around 1.01, and linear 1/C/sup 2/-V plots, is attributed to the preservation of the surface integrity and the reduction of the interface states.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Visualizing diffusion tensor mr images using streamtubes and streamsurfaces (2003)

We present a new method for visualizing 3D volumetric diffusion tensor MR images. We distinguish between linear anisotropy and planar anisotropy and represent values in the two regimes using streamtubes and streamsurfaces, respectively. Streamtubes represent structures with primarily linear diffusion, typically fiber tracts; streamtube direction correlates with tract orientation. The cross-sectional shape and color of each streamtube represent additional information from the diffusion tensor at each point. Streamsurfaces represent structures in which diffusion is primarily planar. Our algorithm chooses a very small representative subset of the streamtubes and streamsurfaces for display. We describe the set of metrics used for the culling process, which reduces visual clutter and improves interactivity. We also generate anatomical landmarks to identify the locations of such structures as the eyes, skull surface, and ventricles. The final models are complex surface geometries that can be imported into many interactive graphics software environments. We describe a virtual environment to interact with these models. Expert feedback from doctors studying changes in white-matter structures after gamma-knife capsulotomy and preoperative planning for brain tumor surgery shows that streamtubes correlate well with major neural structures, the 2D section and geometric landmarks are important in understanding the visualization, and the stereo and interactivity from the virtual environment aid in understanding the complex geometric models.
1H, 13C and 19F NMR spectroscopy of polyfluorinated ureas. Correlations involving NMR chemical shifts and electronic substituent effects (2005)

Seventeen N-(mono-, di-, tri-, tetra- and penta-fluorophenyl)-N'-(3-nitrophenyl)ureas were prepared and characterized. Complete assignment of their (1)H, (13)C and (19)F NMR data was undertaken and the correlation of the chemical shifts of the ureido protons with field-inductive and mesomeric electronic substituent parameters was studied using the Swain-Lupton model. The best correlations were obtained when the study was limited to certain substitution patterns, e.g. non-ortho, mono-ortho- and di-ortho-fluorinated ureas, which reveal probable changes in conformations caused by the degree of ortho fluorination at the phenyl ring. Additionally, there is an excellent linear cross-correlation between the chemical shifts of the fluorine atoms and the ipso carbon atoms for the whole group of fluorinated ureas.
Transformation optics and metamaterials (2011)

We review recent progress in developing a new class of specially designed optical metamaterial spaces with functionalities that cannot be obtained with conventional optics or natural materials. These optical metamaterial spaces could enable innovative paradigms of transformation optics pertinent to optical cloaking, sub-wavelength sensing, super-resolution imaging, magnifying hyperlenses, and light-concentrating devices. We also outline our recent development and deployment of an easy-to-use, multifaceted, on-line research environment for the nanophotonics research community. In particular, we show representative examples of two online software tools addressing a growing need for efficient numerical simulations in the area of transformation optics.
On Revenue Equivalence in Truthful Mechanisms (2007)

The property of an allocation rule to be implementable in dominant strategies by a unique payment scheme is called revenue equivalence. In this paper we give a characterization of revenue equivalence based on a graph theoretic interpretation of the incentive compatibility constraints. The characterization holds for any (possibly infinite) outcome space and many of the known results about revenue equivalence are immediate consequences.
Evaluation of photocatalytic activities and characteristics of Cu- or Fe-modified nitrogen-doped titanium dioxides for applications in environmental purification (2015)

Abstract Photocatalytic activities, as manifested in gas decomposition rates of volatile organic compounds under visible light irradiation, are well known to be enhanced by Cu or Fe compounds loaded onto the surface of nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide (N-TiO 2 ). Antimicrobial properties are also known to be improved by Cu compounds loaded onto N-TiO 2 . In this study, the acetaldehyde gas decomposition rates and antimicrobial properties achieved by loading Cu or Fe compounds onto N-TiO 2 have been investigated from a practical viewpoint. Enhancements of the photocatalytic activities have been confirmed, and the durability of the Cu- or Fe-modified N-TiO 2 in acetaldehyde gas decomposition has been demonstrated. The enhancements have been rationalized by considering the valence states of the loaded material. The enhancements were inferred to be a result of increased amounts of oxidative species arising from the photo-Fenton reaction at the surface of the loaded metal compounds. With a view to expanding the range of indoor applications of such visible-light-sensitive photocatalysts, preparation processes, i.e., nanosizing of the powder and improvement of the immobilization on various substrates, are also discussed.
The CURUPIRA-2 Block Cipher for Constrained Platforms: Specification and Benchmarking. (2008)

Privacy is a key concern in Location Based Applications (LBAs), especially due to their intensive use resource constrained devices in which general purpose ciphers are difficult to deploy. In this paper, we address this issue by specifying a new, faster key-schedule algorithm for the Curupira block cipher. This special-purpose cipher follows the Wide Trail Strategy (such as AES) and is tailored for resource-constrained platforms, such as sensors and mobile devices. Furthermore, we present our benchmark results for both the Curupira-1 (which adopts the original key-schedule speci cation) and the Curupira-2 (which adopts the new one) in appropriate testbeds.
Markedly Improved CO2 Capture Efficiency and Stability of Gallium Substituted Hydrotalcites at Elevated Temperatures (2009)

Potassium carbonate promoted, Ga3+ substituted hydrotalcites reported here exhibit very high, selective and reversible CO2 capture from an exhaust gas mixture. The 10% Ga3+ substitution improved the CO2 capture from 0.3 mmol to 1.2 mmol per gram, and only 4% (w/w) of the sorbent capacity was lost after three cycles.
Alterations of thymus cortical epithelium and interdigitating dendritic cells but no increase of thymocyte cell death in the early course of simian immunodeficiency virus infection. (1993)

The role of the thymus in the pathogenesis of simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome was investigated in 18 juvenile rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). The thymus was infected from the first week post-SIVmac inoculation, but the amount of virus-positive cells was very low (< 1 in 10(4) T cells) as demonstrated by polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization. First morphological alteration was a narrowing of the cortex at 12 and 24 wpi. Morphometry revealed no increase of pyknotic T cells but a decrease of the proliferation rate and flow cytometry showed a reduction of the immature CD4+/CD8+ double-positive T cells. Ultrastructural analysis revealed vacuolization, shrinkage, and finally cytolysis of the cortical epithelial cells and the interdigitating dendritic cells. Immunofluorescence staining exhibited a widespread loss of cortical epithelial cells. This damage to the thymic microenvironment could explain the breakdown of the intrathymic T cell proliferation. It preceded fully developed simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and is therefore considered to play a major role in its pathogenesis.
Design and growth investigations of strained In/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/As/InAlAs/InP heterostructures for high electron mobility transistor application (1996)

Strained In/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/As/InAlAs modulation-doped heterostructures on InP have been studied theoretically and experimentally. Simulations based on self-consistently solving the Schrodinger-Poisson equations have been performed to investigate the influeuce of the design parameters, namely the layer thicknesses and the doping level in the barrier layer, on the carrier concentration n, in the channel. Modulation-doped heterostructures with a 100 /spl Aring/ strained indium-rich channel have been grown by molecular beam epitaxy for different indium compositions and growth temperatures. The highest performances in terms of n,/spl times//spl mu/ parameter, have been obtained for an indium concentration of 75% in the channel, at a growth temperature of 500/spl deg/C. For higher indium concentration, the mobility drops sharply, which correlates with formation of misfit dislocations in the channel, observed on transmission electron microscopy micrographs of these structures. For an indium concentration of 75%, the mobility has been improved, first, by using a low V/III beam equivalent pressure ratio, that produces a close to stoichiometry material, second by using interface growth interruption under cation stabilization to reduce the interface roughness. HEMT devices have been processed on these heterostructures. The static I-V characteristics of 2/spl times/150 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ transistors revealed a 66% increase of the transconductance when the channel indium concentration is increased from 53% to 75%.
Abstract WP330: Unreliable Long-term Cost Data Introduces Substantial Uncertainty Into Stroke Cost-Effectiveness Models (2016)

Background: Cost effectiveness analysis (CEA) models evaluate the value of stroke care methods. Estimates of long-term costs of stroke, a key input, vary substantially. We explored the effect of long-term cost variation on the interpretation of stroke CEA models. Methods: We estimated the lifetime costs and outcomes associated with intravenous tissue-type plasminogen treatment in acute ischemic stroke within the 0-3 hr and 3-4.5 hr windows. Decision analytic model inputs were from previously published literature, and clinical trials. We varied annual long term care costs, using cost groupings (i.e. cost per year at a given level of function) from published CEA models. Low estimates were from the Stroke Treatment Economic Model based on cost in the United Kingdom. High estimates were from the Rochester Stroke Registry from 1987 to1989. Split estimate took cost of minor disability from the low estimate and cost of major disability from the high estimate. We estimated incremental cost effectiveness ratio (ICER) for the base-case and conducted probabilistic sensitivity analyses. Results: The split estimate resulted in the lowest ICERs and was the dominant strategy (improved efficacy, cost savings) in all three conditions (0-3hr, 3-4.5hr, ECASS III) with ICERS -$67,530, -$223,294, and -$39,517 respectively. The low estimate, while still cost effective, increased ICERS substantially to $809, $144, and $18,549 respectively. When low cost estimates were substituted for split cost estimates, the percentage of dominant stimulations dropped by more than half (figure 1). Conclusion: Varying cost estimates led to considerably different conclusions regarding the cost effectiveness of tPA . For a highly cost-effective therapy, these differences do not affect the overall judgement of cost-effectiveness. However, this uncertainty could alter the cost effectiveness of more marginally effective or costly treatments. More reliable long term stroke cost estimates are needed.
Influence of Stress-Relief Annealing on Magnetic Properties of Motor Cores Using Induced Current Heating Method (2015)

This paper presents the effect of stress-relief annealing on magnetic properties using an induced current heat-ing(ICH) method in order to reduce the residual stress in the motor cores. The magnetic properties of a motor core annealed using the ICH method were first compared with those of a core annealed using a conventional electric furnace. When the hold time in each method was the same, the magnetic properties using the ICH method were improved over those using the EF method. The effects of varying the annealing temperature and time for the ICH process were then investigated. It was found that the values of the maximum permeability increased and the hys-teresis loss decreased with increasing annealing temperature and time. The total time of the stress-relief annealing could be achieved in a short period of about one hour.
GENETIC-ALGORITHM-BASED MIX PROPORTION DESIGN METHOD FOR RECYCLED AGGREGATE CONCRETE (2013)

Several desirable characteristics of concrete, such as strength, slump, durability and low CO 2 emission, cannot always be obtained by current conventional mix proportion design methods for recycled aggregate concrete (RAC), because Recycled aggregate generally has lower quality than natural aggregate owing to residual cement paste and various impurities. We treat optimal concrete mix proportioning as a multi-criteria problem, and suggest a new method based on genetic algorithms (GAs) to solve the mix proportion design problem for RAC through a simulated biological evolutionary process. In this method, several fitness functions for the desired properties of concrete, i.e., slump, strength, carbonation speed coefficient, price, and emission of CO 2 , were considered based on conventional data or adopted from previous studies. We thus arrived at optimal mix proportions for RAC that meet the desired performance criteria.
Constructing Symbolic Representations for High-Level Planning (2014)

We consider the problem of constructing a symbolic description of a continuous, low-level environment for use in planning. We show that symbols that can represent the preconditions and effects of an agent's actions are both necessary and sufficient for high-level planning. This eliminates the symbol design problem when a representation must be constructed in advance, and in principle enables an agent to autonomously learn its own symbolic representations. The resulting representation can be converted into PDDL, a canonical high-level planning representation that enables very fast planning.
An Orientation-space Super Sampling Technique for Six-dimensional Diffraction Contrast Tomography (2016)

Diffraction contrast tomography (DCT) is an X-ray full-field imaging technique that allows for the non-destructive three-dimensional investigation of polycrystalline materials and the determination of the physical and morphological properties of their crystallographic domains, called grains. This t ask is considered more and more challenging with the increasing intra-granular deformation, also known as orientation-spread. The recent introduction of a six-dimensional reconstruction framework in DCT (6D-DCT) has proven to be able to address the intra-granular crystal orientation for moderately deformed materials. The approach used in 6D-DCT, which is an extended sampling of the six-dimensional combined position-orientation space, has a linear scaling between the number of sampled orientations, which determine the orientation-space resolution of the problem, and computer memory usage. As a result, the reconstruction of more deformed materials is limited by their high resource requirements from a memory and computational point of view, which can easily become too demanding for the currently available computer technologies. In this article we propose a super-sampling method for the orientation-space representation of the six-dimensional DCT framework that enables the reconstruction of more deformed cases by reducing the impact on system memory, at the expense of longer reconstruction times. The use of super-sampling can further improve the quality and accuracy of the reconstructions, especially in cases where memory restrictions force us to adapt to inadequate (undersampled) orientation-space sampling.
Self-Distillation as Instance-Specific Label Smoothing (2020)

It has been recently demonstrated that multi-generational self-distillation can improve generalization. Despite this intriguing observation, reasons for the enhancement remain poorly understood. In this paper, we first demonstrate experimentally that the improved performance of multi-generational self-distillation is in part associated with the increasing diversity in teacher predictions. With this in mind, we offer a new interpretation for teacher-student training as amortized MAP estimation, such that teacher predictions enable instance-specific regularization. Our framework allows us to theoretically relate self-distillation to label smoothing, a commonly used technique that regularizes predictive uncertainty, and suggests the importance of predictive diversity in addition to predictive uncertainty. We present experimental results using multiple datasets and neural network architectures that, overall, demonstrate the utility of predictive diversity. Finally, we propose a novel instance-specific label smoothing technique that promotes predictive diversity without the need for a separately trained teacher model. We provide an empirical evaluation of the proposed method, which, we find, often outperforms classical label smoothing.
Object delivery in distributed continuous media servers (2002)

Supporting uninterrupted delivery in distributed continuous media servers is not a trivial task. We propose an eager pipelining policy that allows distributed continuous media servers to utilize resources, that are otherwise unused, to support a display. We also propose a delivery technique that enables continuous media servers to deliver objects at multiple rates.
Nursing implications of visual fields in successfully treated retinoblastoma patients. (1993)

Very little data has been published on the long term peripheral vision of patients diagnosed and successfully treated for retinoblastoma. Nursing should address the patient's response to vision-conserving treatment and their adaptation to decreased peripheral vision. Computerized Humphrey's Central 30/Peripheral 30-60 visual fields were performed on ten patients (all with greater than ten year follow-up) who were successfully treated for retinoblastoma. All ten visual fields revealed an absolute and relative scotoma in the affected eye. Visual field loss was always worse than one would have predicted based upon the fundus examination of the tumor(s). Decisions for treatment must be based upon an interdisciplinary approach of nursing and medicine to evaluate patient survival and visual outcome. Nursing interventions include utilizing the visual field as a teaching aid, preparing the patient and the family for potential future visual loss and adaptation of lifestyle, and providing emotional support and realistic reassurance.
An optimization of modulation codes in digital recording (1976)

A few new modulation codes(or run-length-limited codes) in digital magnetic recording is presented. Linear density limits of the new codes and the existing codes are evaluated for a typical recording channel. One of the new codes shows the highest linear density limit among the existing codes and is improved over, for example, MFM and 4/5-rate-NRZI codes by about 20% to 30% in the density limit for the channel. A method for constructing the new codes is presented.
Further developments on RHT: basic mechanisms, algorithms, and computational complexities (2003)

Further developments on RHT are introduced here. The fundamental framework and the main components of this method are systematically elaborated. Its advantages are further confirmed. The deep mechanisms behind these advantages are exposed. Several improved algorithms for implementing RHT are proposed and tested by experiments on images with various kinds of strong noise. The results show that the advantages of RHT are quite robust. Moreover, the theoretical results are also given to show quantitatively that the complexities of RHT algorithms are considerably smaller than those of the HT.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Diffusion-Controlled Free Radical Polymerization. Effect on Polymerization Rate and Molecular Properties of Polyvinyl Chloride (1982)

Abstract At high conversions of monomer (or high polymer concentrations), chain entanglements and a glassy-state transition (significant reduction in free volume) can have a profound effect on the relative rates of free-radical reactions which control the molecular structure of polymer chains. In particular, it will be shown that a diffusion-controlled propagation leads to the production of very low molecular weight chains with one terminal double bond per polymer molecule and to chains with a higher frequency of long-chain branching than might normally be expected at high polymer concentrations. On the basis of these results for diffusion-controlled polymerizations, polymer reactor operating procedures which should give higher productivity and a more thermally stable PVC are suggested. It is also suggested that the short chains and highly branch polymer molecules which are produced under monomer-starved conditions may in large part be due to diffusion-controlled propagation.
Effect of neutralized and native vinegar on blood glucose and acetate responses to a mixed meal in healthy subjects. (1995)

The results suggest that oral acetic acid and acetate might have a different effect on acetataemia and that a limited dose of vinegar, in the form of salad dressing, is sufficient to influence significantly the glycaemic response to a mixed meal in normal subjects by a mechanism related to acidity but not to gastric emptying.