gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibitory Actions of Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) on Ovarian Primordial Follicle Assembly (2011)

The current study was designed to investigate the actions of Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) on primordial follicle assembly. Ovarian primordial follicles develop from the breakdown of oocyte nests during fetal development for the human and immediately after birth in rodents. AMH was found to inhibit primordial follicle assembly and decrease the initial primordial follicle pool size in a rat ovarian organ culture. The AMH expression was found to be primarily in the stromal tissue of the ovaries at this period of development, suggesting a stromal-epithelial cell interaction for primordial follicle assembly. AMH was found to promote alterations in the ovarian transcriptome during primordial follicle assembly with over 200 genes with altered expression. A gene network was identified suggesting a potential central role for the Fgf2/Nudt6 antisense transcript in the follicle assembly process. A number of signal transduction pathways are regulated by AMH actions on the ovarian transcriptome, in particular the transforming growth factor-beta (TGFß) signaling process. AMH is the first hormone/protein shown to have an inhibitory action on primordial follicle assembly. Due to the critical role of the primordial follicle pool size for female reproduction, elucidation of factors, such as AMH, that regulate the assembly process will provide insights into potential therapeutics to manipulate the pool size and female reproduction.
Purification, sequencing, and synthesis of cytokines and chemokines (2000)

Abstract This chapter describes the purification strategy routinely used in our laboratory to isolate and characterize novel cytokines from natural sources (cell cultures, body fluids) (1-3). The subsequent steps that constitute this strategy can easily be modified for the isolation of a particular cytokine by adapting the characteristics of the chromatography (type of columns and buffers) to the biochemical properties of the protein to be purified. The identification of cytokines through the isolation of natural proteins is a valuable approach in basic cytokine research. Based on relevant biological assays, new molecules can be isolated or new biological properties for a known cytokine might be revealed.
Non-Uniformity of Surface Temperatures of Grain after Microwave Treatment in an Industrial Microwave Dryer (2006)

In this study, temperature rise and non-uniformity of heating of grain with different moisture contents after microwave treatment were investigated. The temperature anomalies after microwave treatment were measured for barley and wheat at four moisture levels (12, 15, 18, and 21% wet basis) and for canola at five moisture levels (8, 12, 15, 18, and 21% wet basis). Fifty grams of grain samples were heated in a laboratory scale, continuous-type, industrial microwave dryer (2450 MHz) at five power levels (100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 W) and two exposure times (28 and 56 s). Grain samples were thermally imaged using an infrared thermal camera as soon as they came out from the microwave chamber. Average, maximum, and minimum temperatures were extracted from each thermal image and the difference between maximum and minimum temperatures (ΔT) was calculated. The grain type had significant effect on the surface temperatures after microwave treatment. The surface temperatures increased with microwave powers and exposure times but decreased with moisture content. The average surface temperatures after microwave treatment were between 72.5 and 117.5°C, 65.9 and 97.5°C, and 73.4 and 108.8°C for barley, canola and wheat, respectively, when the applied microwave power was 500 W. At the same power level, the maximum surface temperature was between 100.3 and 140.0°C, 77.8 and 117.7°C, and 98.3 and 130.9°C for barley, canola, and wheat, respectively. Non-uniform heating patterns were observed for all three grain types at all moisture contents, power levels, and exposure times. The ΔT was in the range of 7.2 to 78.9°C, 3.4 to 59.2°C, and 9.7 to 72.8°C for barley, canola, and wheat, respectively. The location of hot and cold spots may vary in different dryers based on the position of magnetron and other components, but almost similar non-uniform heating pattern is expected in all microwave dryers. Therefore, this non-uniformity must be taken into consideration while developing microwave processing systems for grains.
Focal plane processor with a digital video output for InSb detectors (2003)

A high performance FPP for a 640x512 infrared detector has been developed at SCD, comprising an internal analog to digital conversion. The conversion resolution is 13/15 bits, selectable via a serial communication channel. The focal plane power dissipation at an output rate of 100 Frames per Second is less than 130mW, yielding about 0.1 pJ/conversion bit. A 0.5 micron double poly triple metal process was used, yielding a pixel capacity of greater or equal to 13 Me-. The serial communication link enables also user control of the operating modes, full-scale range gain and windowing. The processor is designed as a multi-chip system with an external FPGA, enabling an un-usual flexibility and easy adaptation to the external system.
The Interferon Antagonist NS2 Protein of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Is an Important Virulence Determinant for Humans (2006)

Deletion of the NS2 gene attenuates RSV in subjects of all ages studied. This validates the strategy of developing live respiratory tract virus vaccines in which the virus's ability to inhibit the human innate immune system is blocked. rA2cp248/404 Delta NS2 should be studied in children at a higher input titer, because it was more infectious and immunogenic than was rA2cp530/1009 Delta NS2.
Elastic fiber degeneration in Costello syndrome (1996)

Clinical and pathological observations of a 6-month-old-boy with Costello syndrome are reported. The main clinical findings were loose skin of the neck, hands, and feet, deep palmar and plantar creases, typical "coarse" face with thick lips and macroglossia, relative macrocephaly, mental retardation, short stature, arrhythmia, large size for gestational age, and poor feeding. At age 6 months he died of rhabdomyolysis. The major pathological findings were fine, disrupted, and loosely-constructed elastic fibers in the skin, tongue, pharynx, larynx, and upper esophagus, but not in the bronchi, alveoli, aorta, or coronary arteries. Hyperplasia of collagen fibers in the skin, hyperplasia of the mucous glands in the bronchus, narrowing of the pulmonary artery, degeneration of the atrial conduction system, calcification and ballooning of skeletal muscle fibers with infiltration of macrophages, and myoglobin depositions in the collecting ducts in the kidney were also observed. The degeneration of elastic fibers was confirmed in the skin of a second Costello syndrome patient. Expression of elastin mRNA in the patient's fibroblasts was normal in size and amount. Given that elastic fiber degeneration was observed in the tissues with clinical symptoms, we speculate that a defect of elastic fibers, possibly relating to alternative splicing in the elastin gene or to defects in elastin microfibrils, might be involved in the pathogenesis of Costello syndrome.
Supplementary Figure legends from Integrative Analysis of Pleomorphic Dermal Sarcomas Reveals Fibroblastic Differentiation and Susceptibility to Immunotherapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure legends&lt;/p&gt;
Silicon micromachined periodic structures for optical applications at λ=1.55μm (2006)

In this letter, the authors report the design, fabrication, and characterization of a silicon micromachined periodic structure for optical applications at λc=1.55μm. The microstructure, which can be envisioned as a one-dimensional photonic crystal, is composed of a periodic array of 1-μm-thick silicon walls and 2-μm-wide air gaps, each one corresponding to a different odd number of quarter wavelength at λc (hybrid quarter wavelength). The fabrication is based on the electrochemical etching of silicon, yielding parallel trenches with depths up to 100μm. Preliminary reflectivity measurements show the presence of a band gap at λc=1.55μm, as theoretically expected.
The association of carbonate alteration of banded iron formation with the Carajás high-grade hematite deposits (2003)

The Carajás iron ore deposits in the eastern part of the Amazonas Craton contain approximately 18 000 Mt of hematite ore with &gt; 66%Fe. These deposits are hosted by jaspilitic banded iron formation (BIF) of the Carajás Formation which together with metavolcanic rocks comprise the ~2·8 Ga Grao Para Group of the Itacaiunas Supergroup in the ~1000 km long by 100 km wide, eastwest trending Carajás Synclinorium. The Carajás Formation comprises discontinuous layers and lenses of partly dolomitised jaspilitic BIF (17-43%Fe and 35-61%SiO2), bodies of jaspilitic BIF and lenses of high-grade iron ore, cut by mafic sills and dykes. Dolomitisation of the BIF occurs mainly at the base of the Carajás Formation. With increasing amounts of dolomite, the BIF lamination (microbanding) and other fine primary structures are progressively obliterated resulting in irregular alternating carbonate and iron-oxide mesobands. The high-grade iron ores occur as tabular bodies of soft friable hematite with smaller lenses of hard (compact) massive hematite. The hard hematite lenses typically occur at the contact with the underlying metavolcanic rocks of the Parauapebas Formation surrounded by an aureole of hydrothermal carbonate alteration in both overlying and underlying rocks. The common association of carbonate altered and jaspilitic BIF with the Carajás hematite ore bodies is similar to the Mount Tom Price deposit where carbonate altered BIF has been recognised below massive hematite ore and a jaspilitic halo occurs above the ore body. This indicates that, as at Mount Tom Price, hydrothermal carbonate alteration and associated loss of silica from BIF may be an important step in the formation of the giant Carajás hematite deposits.
Effect of cytokines and lipopolysaccharide on CD14 antigen expression in human monocytes and macrophages (1991)

The 52 kD myeloid membrane glycoprotein CD14 represents the receptor for complexes of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and LPS binding protein (LBP); it is involved in LPS induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha production. Expression of CD14 increases in monocytes differentiating into macrophages, and it is reduced by rIFNg in monocytes in vitro. In the present study CD14 membrane antigen expression was investigated in cultures of human mononuclear leucocytes (PBL), in elutriated, purified monocytes, and in blood monocyte derived Teflon cultured macrophages. Cells were incubated for 15 or 45 h with rIL-1, rIL-2, rIL-3, rIL-5, rIL-6, rTNFa, rGM-CSF, rM-CSF, rTGFb1, rIFNa, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and, as a control, rIFNg. The monoclonal antibodies Leu-M3 and MEM 18 were used for labelling of CD14 antigen by indirect immunofluorescence and FACS analysis of scatter gated monocytes or macrophages. IFNg concentrations were determined in PBL culture supernatants by ELISA. rIFNa and rIL-2 reduced CD14 in 15 and 45 h PBL cultures, an effect mediated by endogenous IFNg, since it was abolished by simultaneous addition of an anti-IFNg antibody. rIFNa and rIL-2 were ineffective in purified monocytes or macrophages. rIL-4 strongly reduced CD14 in PBL and purified monocytes after 45 h, whereas in macrophages the decrease was weak, although measurable after 15 h. The other cytokines investigated did not change CD14 antigen expression. Cycloheximide alone reduced CD14, but when added in combination with rIFNg the effect on CD14 downregulation was more pronounced. The effect of rIFNg on CD14 in PBL cultures was dose-dependently inhibited by rIL-4 and this inhibition is probably due to an IL-4 mediated blockade of IFNg secretion. LPS at a low dose increased CD14, at a high dose it produced a variable decrease of CD14 in PBL, which was probably due to LPS induced IFNg secretion. LPS strongly enhanced CD14 in 45 h cultures of purified monocytes. The results, showing that CD14 antigen expression is upregulated by LPS and downregulated by rIFNg and rIL-4, suggest that the LPS-LBP receptor is involved in the feedback response of IFNg and IL-4 to LPS stimulation.
Robust Model Predictive Control with a Safety Mode: Applied to Small-Body Proximity Operations (2008)

Safe and robust GC (II) safety mode, if activated, maintains the spacecraft near a safety reference for all time. The algorithm utilizes separate feedforward and feedback components. In standard mode, the feedforward guidance solutions come from a way-point generation algorithm that uses a discrete linear-time-varying dynamics model. This approach provides a convex formulation of the problem (solvable onboard as a second-order cone program) that includes control and state constraints; the safety-mode availability adds a constraint in this standard-mode formulation as well. The feedback guarantees standard-mode resolvability to update the guidance prole in a robust, model-predictive manner. In safety mode, an oine-designed feedforward policy with the added feedback maintains the spacecraft in a hovering state in the proximity of its position at safety-mode activation time; this provides robustness to unexpected stateconstraint changes such as unexpected ground proximity during landing operations. A simulation demonstrating both the standard and safety modes is provided for a spacecraft autonomous-descent scenario toward a small asteroid with an uncertain gravity model and errors in the surface altitude constraint.
Free probability theory (2011)

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A Liquid Chromatographic-Tandem Mass Spectrometric Method for the Analysis of Serotonin and Related Indoles in Human Whole Blood (2003)

This paper describes a high-performance liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric (HPLC-MS-MS) method for the determination of serotonin (5-HT) and the related indoles tryptophan (TRP), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and indole-3-proprionic acid (IPA) in whole blood. Ionization was achieved by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI). The method uses a solvent gradient to achieve baseline separation of all analytes. Linearity was established for all components from 10 to 500 ng/mL, with the exception of TRP, which was calibrated from 0.4 to 20 microg/mL. Limits of quantitation were established that were well below the normal endogenous concentrations of 5-HT and its related indoles. Recoveries of 5-HT, TRP, 5-HIAA, IAA, and IPA were 95%, 91%, 98%, 79%, and 65%, respectively, from whole blood matrix and varied less than 2%. Serotonin, TRP, and IAA results were verified by cross-validation with an external laboratory using a previously validated HPLC method with fluorometric detection. A regression analysis of the two data sets resulted in correlation coefficients of 0.981, 0.964, and 0.987 for 5-HT, TRP, and IAA, respectively.
Denoising Diffusion Implicit Models (2020)

Denoising diffusion probabilistic models (DDPMs) have achieved high quality image generation without adversarial training, yet they require simulating a Markov chain for many steps to produce a sample. To accelerate sampling, we present denoising diffusion implicit models (DDIMs), a more efficient class of iterative implicit probabilistic models with the same training procedure as DDPMs. In DDPMs, the generative process is defined as the reverse of a Markovian diffusion process. We construct a class of non-Markovian diffusion processes that lead to the same training objective, but whose reverse process can be much faster to sample from. We empirically demonstrate that DDIMs can produce high quality samples $10 \times$ to $50 \times$ faster in terms of wall-clock time compared to DDPMs, allow us to trade off computation for sample quality, and can perform semantically meaningful image interpolation directly in the latent space.
Novel Cancer Therapy: Targeting Methionine Metabolism (2015)

Methionine is an essential amino acid required in larger quantities during development. Albeit considered essential certain amounts of methionine can be synthesized through methionine synthase (MetS) activity from homocysteine using coenzymes methyl‐tetrahydrofolate (vitamin B 9 ) and methylcobalamin (vitamin B 12 ). Homocysteine can be reused to make methionine which is controlled by the levels of methyl‐tetrahydrofolate (vitamin B 9 ) and methylcobalamin (vitamin B 12 ). The other fate of homocysteine in mammals is to be channeled for cysteine synthesis which are controlled by serine, vitamin B 12 , and the activities of cystathionine betasynthase and cystathionine gammalyase. Methionine is activated into s‐adenosylmethionine (SAM) by methionine adenosyltransferase using ATP. Cytoplasmic and Nuclear MAT had been characterized, establishing the specific compartmentalized methylations. In the nucleus RNA, DNA and histones are modified by methylation, limited by SAM. In cytoplasm phosphatidyl choline, epinephrine, carnitine synthesis etc. requires SAM for methylation. In bacteria, methionine is catabolized to methylthiol and deaminated into alpha‐ketobutyrate by methionine gammalyase‐deaminase (MGLD). MGLD is absent in mammals. Molecularly cloned cytoplasmic‐GFP‐MGLD transfected into many cancer cells evinced either moderate cell death/severe aggregation depending on the cell types. With this priori, GFP‐MGLD gene with nuclear localization signal NLS‐GFP‐MGLD) was transfected into Hela, Ad293T, BHK, PC3 and DU145. In conclusion: total (quantitative) and site‐specific (qualitative) methylation pattern/signature is extremely crucial for cell progression that varies among cell types. Specific global methylation patterns/signatures studies are underway.
Studies of flame structure in microgravity (1997)

The present research endeavor is concerned with gaining fundamental understanding of the configuration, structure, and dynamics of laminar premixed and diffusion flames under conditions of negligible effects of gravity. Of particular interest is the potential to establish and hence study the properties of spherically- and cylindrically-symmetric flames and their response to external forces not related to gravity. For example, in an earlier experimental study of the burner-stabilized cylindrical premixed flames, the possibility of flame stabilization through flow divergence was established, while the resulting one-dimensional, adiabatic, stretchless flame also allowed an accurate means of determining the laminar flame speeds of combustible mixtures. We have recently extended our studies of the flame structure in microgravity along the following directions: (1) Analysis of the dynamics of spherical premixed flames; (2) Analysis of the spreading of cylindrical diffusion flames; (3) Experimental observation of an interesting dual luminous zone structure of a steady-state, microbuoyancy, spherical diffusion flame of air burning in a hydrogen/methane mixture environment, and its subsequent quantification through computational simulation with detailed chemistry and transport; (4) Experimental quantification of the unsteady growth of a spherical diffusion flame; and (5) Computational simulation of stretched, diffusionally-imbalanced premixed flames near and beyond the conventional limits of flammability, and the substantiation of the concept of extended limits of flammability. Motivation and results of these investigations are individually discussed.
Abstract 14157: PPARa/NFkB Heterodimer Mediates High Fat Diet Induced Diastolic Heart Failure Through Interleukin-6 Production (2018)

Obesity is a risk factor for diastolic heart failure, which is often accompanied by a low grade and chronic inflammation. The obesity-induced inflammatory response may mediate the development of di...
CRC Concise Encyclopedia of Mathematics (2002)

Upon publication, the first edition of the CRC Concise Encyclopedia of Mathematics received overwhelming accolades for its unparalleled scope, readability, and utility. It soon took its place among the top selling books in the history of Chapman & Hall/CRC, and its popularity continues unabated. Yet also unabated has been the d
Hard X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (HAXPES) Investigation of the Silicon Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) in Lithium-Ion Batteries (2015)

Binder-free silicon (BF-Si) nanoparticle anodes were cycled with 1.2 M LiPF6 in ethylene carbonate (EC), fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), or EC with 15% FEC (EC:FEC), extracted from cells and analyzed by Hard X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (HAXPES). All of the electrolytes generate an SEI which is integrated with Si containing species. The EC and EC:FEC electrolytes result in the generation of LixSiOy after the first cycle while LixSiOy is only observed after five cycles for the FEC electrolyte. The SEI initially generated from the EC electrolyte is primarily composed of lithium ethylene dicarbonate (LEDC) and LiF. However, after five cycles, the composition changes, especially near the surface of silicon because of decomposition of the LEDC. The SEI generated from the EC:FEC electrolytes contains LEDC, LiF, and poly(FEC) and small changes are observed upon additional cycling. The SEI generated with the FEC electrolyte contains LiF and poly(FEC) and small changes are observed upon additional cycling. The stability of the SEI correlates with the observed capacity retention of the cells.
The long‐term outcome of treated high‐risk nonmuscle‐invasive bladder cancer (2012)

Within a program of conservative treatment, progression of high-risk NMIBC was associated with a poor prognosis. Surveillance and bacillus Calmette-Guerin were ineffective in altering the natural history of this disease. The authors concluded that the time has come to rethink the paradigm of management of this disease.
Magnitude modulation on reconfigurable computing devices (2013)

The control of the envelope's peak power by reducing overall peak-to-average power (PAPR) of transmitted RF signals can improve significantly the power efficiency of wireless communication systems both for single-carrier (SC) and multi-carrier (MC) transmissions. Multi-stage polyphase magnitude modulation (MPMM) has been recently proposed as an efficient PAPR reduction technique for SC signals. In this paper, we present a proof-of-concept prototype implementation in FPGA of the MPMM method. A prior study of the MPMM performance under fixed-point arithmetic is carried on, justifying decision criteria taken on MPMM's design targeted to FPGA.