gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of a Statistical Shape Model and Assessment of Anatomical Shape Variations in the Hemipelvis (2023)

Knowledge about anatomical shape variations in the pelvis is mandatory for selection, fitting, positioning, and fixation in pelvic surgery. The current knowledge on pelvic shape variation mostly relies on point-to-point measurements on 2D X-ray images and computed tomography (CT) slices. Three-dimensional region-specific assessments of pelvic morphology are scarce. Our aim was to develop a statistical shape model of the hemipelvis to assess anatomical shape variations in the hemipelvis. CT scans of 200 patients (100 male and 100 female) were used to obtain segmentations. An iterative closest point algorithm was performed to register these 3D segmentations, so a principal component analysis (PCA) could be performed, and a statistical shape model (SSM) of the hemipelvis was developed. The first 15 principal components (PCs) described 90% of the total shape variation, and the reconstruction ability of this SSM resulted in a root mean square error of 1.58 (95% CI: 1.53-1.63) mm. In summary, an SSM of the hemipelvis was developed, which describes the shape variations in a Caucasian population and is able to reconstruct an aberrant hemipelvis. Principal component analyses demonstrated that, in a general population, anatomical shape variations were mostly related to differences in the size of the pelvis (e.g., PC1 describes 68% of the total shape variation, which is attributed to size). Differences between the male and female pelvis were most pronounced in the iliac wing and pubic rami regions. These regions are often subject to injuries. Future clinical applications of our newly developed SSM may be relevant for SSM-based semi-automatic virtual reconstruction of a fractured hemipelvis as part of preoperative planning. Lastly, for companies, using our SSM might be interesting in order to assess which sizes of pelvic implants should be produced to provide proper-fitting implants for most of the population.
SYNTHESIS AND ISOLATION OF A CRYSTALLINE SUBSTANCE WITH THE PROPERTIES OF A NEW B VITAMIN (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSYNTHESIS AND ISOLATION OF A CRYSTALLINE SUBSTANCE WITH THE PROPERTIES OF A NEW B VITAMINJohn A. Brockman Jr., Barbara Roth, H. P. Broquist, Martin E. Hultquist, James M. Smith Jr., Marvin J. Fahrenbach, Donna B. Cosulich, Robert P. Parker, E. L. R. Stokstad, and T. H. JukesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1950, 72, 9, 4325–4326Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01165a555https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01165a555research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views62Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effect of apolipoprotein E genotype on the outcome after anterior cervical decompression and fusion in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (2009)

The results of this study show that APOE gene polymorphism influences the short-term outcome of CSM patients after surgical decompressive and stabilizing therapy in the way that the presence of the APOE epsilon4 allele is an independent predictor for a no improvement. The presence of APOE may explain in part the different responses to operative therapies in patients with cervical myelopathy.
Author response: Differences in pathways contributing to thyroid hormone effects on postnatal cartilage calcification versus secondary ossification center development (2022)

Mouse molecular genetics and in vivo functional studies reveal that thyroid hormone is necessary for punctual proximal femur head development by a mechanism that differs temporally and molecularly from the secondary ossification center at the distal femur.
Travelling-wave resonant four-wave mixing on a silicon chip (2011)

We demonstrate that travelling-wave four-wave mixing in coupled resonators overcomes the bandwidth limitations of wavelength conversion in single resonators, preserving the efficiency enhancement: 28-dB gain over silicon waveguides of the same length is here achieved.
Use of the biotin‐avidin system for labelling, isolation and characterization of neural cell‐surface proteins (1990)

We describe a method for the selective labelling, isolation and electrophoretic analysis of cell-surface molecules and extracellular matrix components. Intact tissues are reacted with activated esters of biotin and the labelled surface molecules identified on Western blots with horseradish-peroxidase-coupled or 35S-labelled streptavidin. Alternatively, the biotinylated proteins can be purified from tissue homogenates by affinity chromatography on an avidin-agarose column. Evidence is presented to show that this method is indeed specific for membrane and matrix components. Its practical application to embryonic neural tissues is demonstrated.
IDENTIFICATION OF SELF-INCOMPATIBILITY ALLELES IN ALMOND AND RELATED PRUNUS SPECIES USING PCR (2003)

5 pages.-- En: ISHS Acta Horticulturae 622: XXVI International Horticultural Congress: Genetics and Breeding of Tree Fruits and Nuts.
Interleukin 6 Mediates the Lysophosphatidic Acid-regulated Cross-talk between Stromal and Epithelial Prostate Cancer Cells (2004)

The interaction between stromal and epithelial cells is critical for the initiation and progression of prostate cancer, but the molecular determinants responsible for the cross-talk between these two cell types remain largely unknown. Here, we used a co-culture cell assay to identify messengers involved in the cross-talk between human prostate stromal PS30 and epithelial LNCaP cells. Stimulation with lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) activates the mitogenic ERK signaling pathway in PS30, but not LNCaP, cells. The co-culture of PS30 and LNCaP cells results in the activation of ERK in LNCaP cells and that is further increased in response to stimulation with LPA. Physiologic relevance of the interaction between PS30 and LNCaP cells is demonstrated using LNCaP xenograft tumor assays. Animals implanted with a mixture of both cell types develop larger tumors with higher frequency compared with those injected with LNCaP cells alone. Conditioned medium transfer experiments reveal the PS30-derived inducing factor is soluble and promotes mitogenic ERK and STAT3 signaling pathways in LNCaP cells. Protein analysis demonstrates that treatment of the PS30 cells with LPA induces synthesis of interleukin 6 (IL-6). Antibody neutralization experiments reveal that IL-6 is responsible for the LPA-induced mitogenic signaling and growth of the LNCaP cells. Our findings reveal that the LPA-regulated secretion of IL-6 is an important messenger linking stromal and epithelial prostate cells, which may be exploited for the effective treatment of patients with advanced prostate cancer.
Structure-Based Discovery of Triphenylmethane Derivatives as Inhibitors of Hepatitis C Virus Helicase (2009)

Hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 3 (HCV NS3) helicase is believed to be essential for viral replication and has become an attractive target for the development of antiviral drugs. A fluorescence resonant energy transfer helicase assay was established for fast screening of putative inhibitors selected from virtual screening using the program DOCK. Soluble blue HT (1) was first identified as a novel HCV helicase inhibitor. Crystal structure of the NS3 helicase in complex with soluble blue HT shows that the inhibitor bears a significantly higher binding affinity mainly through a 4-sulfonatophenylaminophenyl group, and this is consistent with the activity assay. Subsequently, fragment-based searches were utilized to identify triphenylmethane derivatives for more potent inhibitors. Lead optimization resulted in a 3-bromo-4-hydroxyl substituted derivative 12 with an EC(50) value of 2.72 microM to Ava.5/Huh-7 cells and a lower cytotoxicity to parental Huh-7 cells (CC(50) = 10.5 microM), and it indeed suppressed HCV replication in the HCV replicon cells. Therefore, these inhibitors with structural novelty may serve as a useful scaffold for the discovery of new HCV NS3 helicase inhibitors.
THE OPTIMAL NUMBER OF REPETITIONS TO BE USED WITH ISOKINETIC TRAINING TO INCREASE PEAK TORQUE TO BODY WEIGHT RATIOS (1986)

Davies, G. J.; Bendle, S. R.; Wood, K. L.; Rowinski, H. J.; Price, S. Author Information
Synthetic Studies on Sialoglycoconjugates 22: Total Synthesis of Tumor-Associated Ganglioside, Sialyl Lewis X1 (1991)

ABSTRACT The first total synthesis of tumor-associated glycolipid antigen, sialyl Lewis X is described. Glycosylation of 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl O-(2-acetamido-4,6-O-benzylidene-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1→3)-O-(2,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1→4)-2,3,6-tri-O-benzyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (1) with methyl 2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-1-thio-β-L-fuco-pyranoside (4) gave the α-glycoside (5), which was converted by reductive ring-opening of the benzylidene acetal into the glycosyl acceptor (6). Dimethyl(methylthio)sulfonium triflate-promoted coupling of 6 with methyl O-(methyl 5-acetamido-4,7,8,9-tetra-O-acetyl-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-α-D-galacto-2-nonulopyranosylonate)-(2→3)-2,4,6-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (7) afforded the desired hexasaccharide 8 in good yield. Compound 8 was converted into the α-trichloroacetimidate 11, via reductive removal of the benzyl groups, O-acetylation, removal of the 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl group, and treatment with trichloroacetonitrile, which, on coupling with (2S, 3R, 4E)-2-azido-3-O-benzoyl-4-octa-decene-1,3-diol (12), gave the β-glycoside 13. Finally, 13 was transformed, via selective reduction of the azide group, condensation with octadecanoic acid, O-deacylation, and hydrolysis of the methyl ester group, into the title compound 16.
Colloidal Crystallization of Surfactant‐Free ZnO Quantum Dots (2011)

Surfactant-free ZnO quantum dots self-assemble into three-dimensional colloidal crystals in an organic solvent via ionic-strength tuning. The crystalline structure is macroscopically large, transparent, stable and shields UV as bulk ZnO upon solvent removal. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Adsorption and recovery of nonionic polymers by neutralization of cellulose fiber surface charge via cationic polyamide‐epichlorohydrin resins (2010)

Abstract Nonionic copolymers, such as poly(1‐vinylpyrrolidone)‐polystyrene, have been used in the production of filtration membranes, catalysts, and sensors. However, their nonionic character and high solubility in water prevents their efficient recovery from waste streams. Cellulose fibers show potential as recovery agents because they are inexpensive, environmentally friendly, and have a large surface area per unit mass. However, due to the anionic nature of the cellulose fiber surface, their adsorptive behavior is often limited to cationic species. We have shown that low‐dosage application of a cationic polyamide‐epichlorohydrin resin can alter the fiber surface charge so as to provide more neutral surface area for the nonionic polymer to adsorb; furthermore, the adsorbed polyamide‐epichlorohydrin resin does not block the approach of poly(1‐vinylpyrrolidone)‐polystyrene. Single‐component adsorption of poly(1‐vinylpyrrolidone)‐polystyrene was on the order of 10 −3 g/g; with polyamide‐epichlorohydrin resin adsorbed on the fiber, the adsorption increased one‐order of magnitude to 10 −2 g/g. We believe this significant increase is caused by neutralization of fiber surface charge via polyamide‐epichlorohydrin resin, creating a surface more favorable for adsorption and recovery of nonionic species. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Decimation of triangle meshes (1992)

The polygon remains a popular graphics primitive for computer graphics application. Besides having a simple representation, computer rendering of polygons is widely supported by commercial graphics hardware and software. However, because the polygon is linear, often thousands or millions of primitives are required to capture the details of complex geometry. Models of this size are generally not practical since rendering speeds and memory requirements are proportional to the number of polygons. Consequently applications that generate large polygonal meshes often use domain-specific knowledge to reduce model size. There remain algorithms, however, where domainspecific reduction techniques are not generally available or appropriate. One algorithm that generates many polygons is marching cubes. Marching cubes is a brute force surface construction algorithm that extracts isodensity surfaces from volume data, producing from one to five triangles within voxels that contain the surface. Although originally developed for medical applications, marching cubes has found more frequent use in scientific visualization where the size of the volume data sets are much smaller than those found in medical applications. A large computational fluid dynamics volume could have a finite difference grid size of order 100 by 100 by 100, while a typical medical computed tomography or magnetic resonance scanner produces over 100 slices at a resolution of 256 by 256 or 512 by 512 pixels each. Industrial computed tomography, used for inspection and analysis, has even greater resolution, varying from 512 by 512 to 1024 by 1024 pixels. For these sampled data sets, isosurface extraction using marching cubes can produce from 500k to 2,000k triangles. Even today’s graphics workstations have trouble storing and rendering models of this size. Other sampling devices can produce large polygonal models: range cameras, digital elevation data, and satellite data. The sampling resolution of these devices is also improving, resulting in model sizes that rival those obtained from medical scanners. This paper describes an application independent algorithm that uses local operations on geometry and topology to reduce the number of triangles in a triangle mesh. Although our implementation is for the triangle mesh, it can be directly applied to the more general polygon mesh. After describing other work related to model creation from sampled data, we describe the triangle decimation process and its implementation. Results from two different geometric modeling applications illustrate the strengths of the algorithm.
Cobalt-catalysed and -uncatalysed reactions of diynes with activated alkenes (1990)

New double annulation reactions of 1,5-diynes with activated alkenes are catalysed by cobalt(0) complexes, and can also occur in the absence of cobalt to give new classes of compounds, containing exocyclic double bonds, if terminal methyl groups are present on the triple bonds.
IC‐P‐068: A POLYGENIC AD RISK SCORE PREDICTS AMYLOID ACCUMULATION OVER A 6‐YEAR INTERVAL IN COGNITIVELY INTACT OLDER ADULTS (2018)

The build-up phase of fibrillar amyloid in healthy older adults is an attractive target for therapeutic intervention. How to select individuals at risk for this build-up is an important topic of research. We examined the effect of a polygenic AD risk score (Sleegers et al., 2015) on the chance for building-up amyloid over a 6 year interval in older adults who were cognitively intact at baseline. The polygenic risk score (GRS) covers 22 published genetic risk loci for AD, including APOE, ABCA7, BIN1, CLU and TREM2 polymorphisms. 34 healthy participants (age baseline: 66±5.8; age follow-up 71±5.6; MMSE baseline: 29.1±0.9; MMSE follow-up: 28.3±5.2; 15 APOE4 non-carriers, 17 heterozygote APOE4-carriers, 2 homozygous APOE4-carriers; 5 amyloid-positive at baseline) underwent baseline static [18F]-Flutemetamol-PET (acquisition window: 90-120min; injected dose: 150MBq) and dynamic [11C]-PIB-PET (acquisition window: 0-60min; injected dose: 281MBq) 5.67±1.15 years later. We calculated standardized uptake value ratio in composite cortical volume (SUVRcomp) with cerebellar grey matter as reference for both tracers. PIB SUVRcomp values were converted to Flutemetamol-like SUVRcomp based on Adamczuk et al. (2016) to calculate amyloid accumulation between baseline and follow-up. Genotyping was performed by multiplex amplicon enrichment and sequencing on an Illumina MiSeq platform. Weighted GRS were determined per sample as reported in Sleegers et al. (2015). We determined the association between GRS and amyloid accumulation rate (calculated as absolute difference divided by time interval) with Spearman's correlation. Next, we examined if amyloid accumulation rate differed between at-risk versus low-risk groups for individual polymorphisms in APOE, ABCA7, BIN1 and CLU with independent-samples t-tests. We also examined the effect of GRS on amyloid accumulation rate when APOE was omitted from the GRS calculation. GRS correlated significantly with amyloid accumulation rate (r=0.35,p=0.045). We found a higher amyloid accumulation rate in APOE4-carriers compared to non-carriers (t=-2.65,p=0.014). There was no effect for the other polymorphisms when tested separately. When APOE was omitted from the GRS, the correlation between GRS and amyloid accumulation did not remain significant (r=0.22,p=0.20). Polygenic risk profiling may be useful in predicting rate of amyloid accumulation in healthy older adults, given that the APOE4 polymorphism is included . Change of amyloid SUVRcomp between baseline and follow-up (5.67±1.15 years) for n = 34 cognitively intact older adults. Spearman correlation between rate of change in amyloid SUVRcomp and genetic risk score (GRS) (r=0.35, p=0.045). Spearman correlation between rate of change in amyloid SUVRcomp and genetic risk score (GRS) when APOE was not included (r=0.22, p=0.20).
Hemodynamic and Central Nervous System Effects of Intravenous Bolus Doses of Lidocaine, Bupivacaine, and Ropivacaine in Sheep (1989)

Lidocaine hydrochloride (HCl) (80-320 mg), bupivacaine HCl (20-80 mg), and ropivacaine HCl (30-120 mg) were administered as intravenous bolus doses to conscious sheep (n = 18; average body weight 45 kg) that had previously placed intravascular cannulae for hemodynamic monitoring and for obtaining blood samples. The mean convulsive doses and arterial blood concentrations were approximately 110 mg and 40 mg/L, respectively, for lidocaine HCl, 45 mg and 14 mg/L for bupivacaine HCl, and 60 mg and 20 mg/L for ropivacaine HCl. After subconvulsive doses of each agent, there were minimal cardiovascular effects. After convulsive doses, there were marked increases in heart rate, mean arterial pressure, pulmonary artery pressure, cardiac output, systemic vascular resistance, left ventricular end diastolic pressure, and myocardial contractility. Ventricular fibrillation caused death in two sheep after bupivacaine (80 mg) and in two sheep after ropivacaine (90 and 120 mg) administration. With sublethal doses, the hemodynamic responses to these agents were qualitatively and quantitatively similar when compared with their local anesthetic potencies.
Boroxine based dynamic thermosetting polymers (2023)

The disclosure provides for dynamic thermosetting polymers comprising boroxine crosslinks that exhibit unusual mechanical behavior by being strong, highly malleable, recyclable and fully reprocessable. The disclosure further provides methods of making the thermosetting polymers and applications thereof.
ChemInform Abstract: Lead Dichloride: A Mild Reagent for the Oxidation of Tervalent Titanium Compunds (η5‐C5Me5)2TiR (I) to Monochloride Derivatives (. eta.5‐C5Me5)2TiR(Cl) (II). (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Reference gene identification and validation for quantitative real-time PCR studies in developing Xenopus laevis (2018)

Reference genes are essential for gene expression analysis when using real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Xenopus laevis is a popular amphibian model for studying vertebrate embryogenesis and development. Further, X. laevis is ideal for studying thyroid signaling due to its thyroid dependent metamorphosis, a stage comparable to birth in humans. When using PCR based studies, a primary concern is the choice of reference genes. Commonly used references are eef1a1, odc1, rpl8, and actnB, although there is a lack of ad hoc reference genes for X. laevis. Here, we used previously published RNA-seq data on different X. laevis stages and identified the top 14 candidate genes with respect to their expression levels as a function of developmental stage and degree of variation. We further evaluated the stability of these and other candidate genes using RT-qPCR on various stages including the unfertilised eggs, whole embryos during early development and brains during late development. We used four different statistical software packages: deltaCT, geNorm, NormFinder and BestKeeper. We report optimized reference gene pair combinations for studying development (early whole embryos), brains at later stages (metamorphosis and adult), and thyroid signalling. These reference gene pairs are suitable for studying different aspects of X. laevis development and organogenesis.