gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Minocycline and Cefotaxime in the Treatment of Experimental Murine Vibrio vulnificus Infection (1998)

We conducted an in vivo study with the mouse model of Vibrio vulnificus infection to evaluate the efficacies of therapy with minocycline or cefotaxime alone and in combination. V. vulnificus was introduced subcutaneously into the area over the right thigh. The inoculum size ranged from 1.0 x 10(3) to 1.2 x 10(8) CFU from experiment to experiment but was constant for all animals in the same experiment. Antibiotics were given intraperitoneally 2 h after the bacteria were inoculated. In experiments 1 to 4, the standard dose for humans was used to treat the infection, while in experiment 5, five times the standard dose for humans was used to treat the infection. In experiment 1, with a small inoculum of 5 x 10(3) CFU, all mice in the saline-treated control group and the cefotaxime-, minocycline-, and combined antibiotic-treated groups survived. In experiment 2, with a moderate inoculum of 1.2 x 10(5) CFU, all the mice in the three antibiotic-treated groups survived, while only two of nine mice in the control group survived. In experiment 3, with a large inoculum of 8.0 x 10(7) CFU, six of nine mice in the combined antibiotic-treated group survived, while only one of nine mice in the cefotaxime-treated group and none of the mice in the control and minocycline-treated groups survived. In experiment 4, with a large inoculum of 1.2 x 10(8) CFU, 8 of 20 mice in the combined antibiotic-treated group survived, while none of the 20 mice in the control group, the group treated with cefotaxime alone, and the group treated with minocycline alone survived. In experiment 5, in which mice were infected with a large inoculum of 6.6 x 10(7) CFU and treated with five times the standard human dose of antibiotics, 10 of 12 mice in the combined antibiotic-treated group survived, while only 4 of 12 mice in the minocycline-treated group, 1 of 12 mice in the cefotaxime-treated group, and none of the mice in the control group survived. In experiments 3 to 5, the difference in the survival rates between the combined antibiotic-treated and minocycline-treated groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). These results indicate that combination therapy with cefotaxime and minocycline is distinctly more advantageous than therapy with the single antibiotic regimen for the treatment of severe experimental V. vulnificus infections.
Betamethasone induces potent immunosuppression and reduces HIV infection in a PBMC in vitro model (2020)

Genital inflammation is an established risk factor for increased HIV acquisition risk. Certain HIV-exposed seronegative populations, who are naturally resistant to HIV infection, have an immune quiescent phenotype defined by reduced immune activation and inflammatory cytokines at the genital tract. Therefore, the aim of this study was to create an immune quiescent environment using immunomodulatory drugs to mitigate HIV infection. Using an <i>in vitro</i> peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) model, we found that inflammation was induced using phytohemagglutinin and Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists Pam3CSK4 (TLR1/2), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (TLR4) and R848 (TLR7/8). After treatment with anti-inflammatory drugs, ibuprofen (IBF) and betamethasone (BMS), PBMCs were exposed to HIV NL4-3 AD8. Multiplexed ELISA was used to measure 28 cytokines to assess inflammation. Flow cytometry was used to measure immune activation (CD38, HLA-DR and CCR5) and HIV infection (p24 production) of CD4+ T cells. BMS potently suppressed inflammation (soluble cytokines, p<0.05) and immune activation (CD4+ T cells, p<0.05). BMS significantly reduced HIV infection of CD4+ T cells only in the LPS (0.98%) and unstimulated (1.7%) conditions (p<0.02). In contrast, IBF had minimal anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive but no anti-HIV effects. BMS demonstrated potent anti-inflammatory effects, regardless of stimulation condition. Despite uniform immunosuppression, BMS differentially affected HIV infection according to the stimulation conditions, highlighting the complex nature of these interactions. Together, these data underscore the importance of interrogating inflammatory signaling pathways to identify novel drug targets to mitigate HIV infection.
Das Gleichgewicht PbCl2,g + ThCl4,g = PbThCl6,g und die Sättigungsdrucke von PbCl2 und ThCl4 (1974)

Abstract Das Gleichgewicht PbCl 2,g + ThCl 4,g = PbThCl 6,g wurde mit der Knudsen‐Methode massenspektroskopisch gemessen. Mit Einführung von ΔS°(298) = −36 cl und °Cp = 4 cal/°, Mol ergibt sich ΔH°(298) = −32,0 kcal/Mol. Ferner wurden die Sättigungsdrucke über PbCl 2,f und ThCl 4,f gemessen und mit Literaturangaben in Beziehung gesetzt. Für die Sublimation von ThCl 4 gilt ΔH°(298) = 49,26 kcal; ΔS°(298) = 45,40 cl; log P(ThCl 4 ) = −11068/T + 16,2253 − 0,0003606 T − 2,0936 log T zwischen 298 und 1043 K bei Druckmessung in atm.
Adaptive Edge Analytics for Distributed Networked Control of Water Systems (2016)

Over the last decade, there has been a trend where water utility companies aim to make water distribution networks more intelligent in order to improve their quality of service, reduce water waste, minimize maintenance costs etc., by incorporating IoT technologies. Current state of the art solutions use expensive power hungry deployments to monitor and transmit water network states periodically in order to detect anomalous behaviors such as water leakage and bursts. However, more than 97% of water network assets are remote away from power and are often in geographically remote underpopulated areas, facts that make current approaches unsuitable for next generation more dynamic adaptive water networks. Battery-driven wireless sensor/actuator based solutions are theoretically the perfect choice to support next generation water distribution. In this paper, we present an end-to-end water leak localization system, which exploits edge processing and enables the use of battery-driven sensor nodes. Our system combines a lightweight edge anomaly detection algorithm based on compression rates and an efficient localization algorithm based on graph theory. The edge anomaly detection and localization elements of the systems produce a timely and accurate localization result and reduce the communication by 99% compared to the traditional periodic communication. We evaluated our schemes by deploying non-intrusive sensors measuring vibrational data on a real-world water test rig that have had controlled leakage and burst scenarios implemented.
[Treatment after myocardial infarction]. (1994)

Advances in the treatment of the acute phase of myocardial infarction have lead to the need for adequate secondary treatment. beta-blockers have been largely demonstrated to be effective antianginal agents, acting on three determining factors: heart rate, systemic blood pressure and myocardial contractility. Used in secondary prevent treatment, beta-blockers lead to significant improvement in global post-myocardial infarction mortality, reduced from 9.4 to 7.6% and in reinfarction rates, reduced from 7.5 to 5.6%. Prescription of beta-blockers beyond the acute phase is an essential part of secondary prevention. For calcium antagonists however, there is no evidence of improved prognosis after myocardial infarction. There is no improvement in mortality or reinfarction rates. Class I antiarrhythmic drugs are not indicated as systematic treatment after myocardial infarction. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors can reduce long-term mortality and late occurrence of congestive heart failure, particularly in patients with moderate to severe left ventricular dysfunction. Among the anti-thrombotic drugs, oral anticoagulants seem to offer no clear advantage over aspirin. Large trials of anti-arrhythmic agents have failed to demonstrate any clinical benefit in asymptomatic patients with ventricular ectopic beats, and the results of secondary prevention trials using amiodarone are still awaited. Myocardial revascularization using coronary bypass surgery or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty should be proposed mainly in symptomatic patients or in subsets of patients with multi-vessel disease and altered left ventricular function. Finally, rehabilitation measures should be aimed at correcting cardiovascular risk factors and improving physical fitness.
Engineering of a wheat germ expression system to provide compatibility with a high throughput pET-based cloning platform (2010)

Wheat germ cell-free methods provide an important approach for the production of eukaryotic proteins. We have developed a protein expression vector for the TNT((R)) SP6 High-Yield Wheat Germ Cell-Free (TNT WGCF) expression system (Promega) that is also compatible with our T7-based Escherichia coli intracellular expression vector pET15_NESG. This allows cloning of the same PCR product into either one of several pET_NESG vectors and this modified WGCF vector (pWGHisAmp) by In-Fusion LIC cloning (Zhu et al. in Biotechniques 43:354-359, 2007). Integration of these two vector systems allowed us to explore the efficacy of the TNT WGCF system by comparing the expression and solubility characteristics of 59 human protein constructs in both WGCF and pET15_NESG E. coli intracellular expression. While only 30% of these human proteins could be produced in soluble form using the pET15_NESG based system, some 70% could be produced in soluble form using the TNT WGCF system. This high success rate underscores the importance of eukaryotic expression host systems like the TNT WGCF system for eukaryotic protein production in a structural genomics sample production pipeline. To further demonstrate the value of this WGCF system in producing protein suitable for structural studies, we scaled up, purified, and analyzed by 2D NMR two (15)N-, (13)C-enriched human proteins. The results of this study indicate that the TNT WGCF system is a successful salvage pathway for producing samples of difficult-to-express small human proteins for NMR studies, providing an important complementary pathway for eukaryotic sample production in the NESG NMR structure production pipeline.
Gene expression and protein secretion during human mesenchymal cell differentiation into adipogenic cells (2014)

Mesenchymal stromal cells purified from different tissues have a different behavior when induced to differentiate into adipocyte-like cells.
Consensus Statements for Management of Barrett's Dysplasia and Early-Stage Esophageal Adenocarcinoma, Based on a Delphi Process (2020)

Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA) is increasingly common among patients with Barrett’s esophagus (BE). We aimed to provide consensus recommendations based on the medical literature that clinicians could use to manage patients with BE and low-grade dysplasia, high-grade dysplasia (HGD), or early-stage EA.
The Structure of the Hydrated Electron. Part 2. A Mixed Quantum/Classical Molecular Dynamics Embedded Cluster Density Functional Theory:  Single−Excitation Configuration Interaction Study (2007)

Adiabatic mixed quantum/classical (MQC) molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were used to generate snapshots of the hydrated electron in liquid water at 300 K. Water cluster anions that include two complete solvation shells centered on the hydrated electron were extracted from the MQC MD simulations and embedded in a roughly 18 Ax18 Ax18 A matrix of fractional point charges designed to represent the rest of the solvent. Density functional theory (DFT) with the Becke-Lee-Yang-Parr functional and single-excitation configuration interaction (CIS) methods were then applied to these embedded clusters. The salient feature of these hybrid DFT(CIS)/MQC MD calculations is significant transfer (approximately 18%) of the excess electron's charge density into the 2p orbitals of oxygen atoms in OH groups forming the solvation cavity. We used the results of these calculations to examine the structure of the singly occupied and the lower unoccupied molecular orbitals, the density of states, the absorption spectra in the visible and ultraviolet, the hyperfine coupling (hfcc) tensors, and the infrared (IR) and Raman spectra of these embedded water cluster anions. The calculated hfcc tensors were used to compute electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and electron spin echo envelope modulation (ESEEM) spectra for the hydrated electron that compared favorably to the experimental spectra of trapped electrons in alkaline ice. The calculated vibrational spectra of the hydrated electron are consistent with the red-shifted bending and stretching frequencies observed in resonance Raman experiments. In addition to reproducing the visible/near IR absorption spectrum, the hybrid DFT model also accounts for the hydrated electron's 190-nm absorption band in the ultraviolet. Thus, our study suggests that to explain several important experimentally observed properties of the hydrated electron, many-electron effects must be accounted for: one-electron models that do not allow for mixing of the excess electron density with the frontier orbitals of the first-shell solvent molecules cannot explain the observed magnetic, vibrational, and electronic properties of this species. Despite the need for multielectron effects to explain these important properties, the ensemble-averaged radial wavefunctions and energetics of the highest occupied and three lowest unoccupied orbitals of the hydrated electrons in our hybrid model are close to the s- and p-like states obtained in one-electron models. Thus, one-electron models can provide a remarkably good approximation to the multielectron picture of the hydrated electron for many applications; indeed, the two approaches appear to be complementary.
The Effects of Contextual and Descriptive Information on User Perceptions of a Music Information Retrieval Interface Used for Known-item and Exploratory Search Tasks (2019)

This paper reports on a study in which 40 participants completed a known-item music search task and an exploratory search task using an e-commerce style interface that accessed the Amazon.com music catalog. Depth of description and the level of contextual information were manipulated in a 2x2 factorial design in which high depth of description included a review of the release, cover art, and release date in addition to basic metadata. Perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, flow (enjoyment) and flow (engagement) were collected following each task. The high context condition added hyperlinks to artist, genre, and record label, where the low context condition did not. Findings suggest that high depth of description has both positive and negative effects on users' perceptions of the interface, although context does not appear to have significant effects. The task completed also appears to affect sensitivity to depth of description and level of context manipulations.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Combination of Pan-Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor and Autophagy Inhibitor Exerts Superior Efficacy against Triple-Negative Human Breast Cancer Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 56K, Chemical structures of panobinostat and chloroquine.&lt;/p&gt;
Contrast Media for CT An Analysis of the Early Pharmacokinetics (1985)

Iohexol and meglumine-sodium diatrizoate were injected intravenously into 18 pigs as either a 99:1 or 1:99 mixture. Blood samples were taken for 30 minutes and the concentration of each of the two contrast media was measured by means of a double labeling technique with 125I and 131I. Relative concentrations of iohexol were significantly higher during the first 3 minutes when it was injected as a moderately hyperosmolar (99% iohexol) solution than when it was injected as a very hyperosomolar (99% diatrizoate) solution. The greater intravascular dilution of the 99% diatrizoate solution by extravascular water may explain this finding as well as the significantly longer rapid disposition phase and the slightly lower distribution volume of iohexol.
Reduction of medium consumption in perfusion mammalian cell cultures using a perfusion rate equivalent concentrated nutrient feed (2020)

Media preparation for perfusion cell culture processes contributes significantly to operational costs and the footprint of continuous operations for therapeutic protein manufacturing. In this study, definitions are given for the use of a perfusion equivalent nutrient feed stream which, when used in combination with basal perfusion medium, supplements the culture with targeted compounds and increases the medium depth. Definitions to compare medium and feed depth are given in this article. Using a concentrated nutrient feed, a 1.8-fold medium consumption (MC) decrease and a 1.67-fold increase in volumetric productivity (PR) were achieved compared to the initial condition. Later, this strategy was used to push cell densities above 100 × 10<sup>6</sup> cells/ml while using a perfusion rate below 2 RV/day. In this example, MC was also decreased 1.8-fold compared to the initial condition, but due to the higher cell density, PR was increased 3.1-fold and to an average PR value of 1.36 g L<sup>-1</sup> day<sup>-1</sup> during a short stable phase, and versus 0.46 g L<sup>-1</sup> day<sup>-1</sup> in the initial condition. Overall, the performance improvements were aligned with the given definitions. This multiple feeding strategy can be applied to gain some flexibility during process development and also in a manufacturing set-up to enable better control on nutrient addition.
Active multitask learning with uncertainty‐weighted loss for coronary calcium scoring (2022)

Our multitask learning approach with uncertainty-weighted loss improves calcium scoring performance by joint learning of shared features and reduces labeling costs when trained in an active learning scenario.
Semantic-integration research in the database community: A brief survey (2005)

Semantic integration has been a long-standing challenge for the database community. It has received steady attention over the past two decades, and has now become a prominent area of database research. In this article, we first review database applications that require semantic integration and discuss the difficulties underlying the integration process. We then describe recent progress and identify open research issues. We focus in particular on schema matching, a topic that has received much attention in the database community, but also discuss data matching (for example, tuple deduplication) and open issues beyond the match discovery context (for example, reasoning with matches, match verification and repair, and reconciling inconsistent data values). For previous surveys of database research on semantic integration, see Rahm and Bernstein (2001); Ouksel and Seth (1999); and Batini, Lenzerini, and Navathe (1986).
Vertical Hall Effect Devices in the Basis of Smart Silicon Sensors (2005)

Future integrated systems will benefit significantly from the progress in batch manufactured silicon sensors and signal processing techniques. Silicon technologies make possible to produce sensing microdevices combining extreme sensitivity, accuracy and compact devices. Smart sensors on the base of vertical vector Hall effect devices offer a number of benefits including reducing mass, volume and power consumption; greater redundancy of system functions and simpler architecture. In view of these remarkable characteristics, it can be expected that such smart sensors will be used extensively wide if an adequate solution is found to reduce the design cost and simplify the electrical interface. Consequently, cost effective microsystems including vector magnetic sensors, circuits and eventually actuators can be fabricated, opening new perspective markets. This paper presents a new approach in the field of signal processing for magnetic field sensors based on vertical Hall micro structures. A design example is illustrated specific problems and solutions associated with data converters and signal-processing functions for smart sensors.
Analyzing the impact of CryoSat-2 ice thickness initialization on seasonal Arctic Sea Ice prediction (2020)

Abstract Twin 5-month seasonal forecast experiments are performed to predict the September 2018 mean and minimum ice extent using the fully coupled Navy Earth System Prediction Capability (ESPC). In the control run, ensemble forecasts are initialized from the operational US Navy Global Ocean Forecasting System (GOFS) 3.1 but do not assimilate ice thickness data. Another set of forecasts are initialized from the same GOFS 3.1 fields but with sea ice thickness derived from CryoSat-2 (CS2). The Navy ESPC ensemble mean September 2018 minimum sea ice extent initialized with GOFS 3.1 ice thickness was over-predicted by 0.68 M km 2 (5.27 M km 2 ) vs the ensemble forecasts initialized with CS2 ice thickness that had an error of 0.40 M km 2 (4.99 M km 2 ), a 43% reduction in error. The September mean integrated ice edge error shows a 18% improvement for the Pan-Arctic with the CS2 data vs the control forecasts. Comparison against upward looking sonar ice thickness in the Beaufort Sea reveals a lower bias and RMSE with the CS2 forecasts at all three moorings. Ice concentration at these locations is also improved, but neither set of forecasts show ice free conditions as observed at moorings A and D.
Polymeric Sorbents for Bile Acids: II. Oligopeptide-Containing Resins with Quaternary Amine Groups (1992)

Abstract Polymeric sorbents for bile acids have been prepared by attaching lysine-containing peptide sequences onto a water-swellable polyamide resin, by solid phase peptide synthesis, and then attaching a terminal N,N-dimethyl glycine residue that was subsequently quaternized. The resins with relatively longer peptide sequences demonstrated a higher binding capacity, on a per active site basis, for bile acids in pH 7.4 aqueous buffer solutions at 20°C than cholestyramine and colestipol when tested under the same in vitro conditions. In solutions of low ionic strength, they also have a degree of specificity for bile acid anions. The resins have a higher binding affinity for cholic acid than for glycocholic acid, which indicates the importance of the hydrophobic interactions in the binding.
Immunization of mice with irradiated melanoma tumor cells transfected to secrete lymphokines and coupled with IL-2 or GM-CSF therapy. (1996)

We compared the immunogenic activity of irradiated vaccines prepared from B16 F10 melanoma cells with one made from B16 F10 melanoma cells transfected with genes encoding murine IL-2 or GM-CSF. Vaccines were studied in the conditions of treatment of C57BL/6 mice with or without the corresponding lymphokines. Control and prevaccinated mice were challenged with parental B16 F10 murine melanoma cells (5 x 10(5)) subcutaneously in the midtail to examine growth of the primary (local) tumor in the middle of the tall and metastases to the lungs. This experimental model is very close to the clinical stages of metastatic melanoma. The effectiveness of preimmunization of mice was determined by the levels of antibody production to a melanoma-associated antigen termed B700. The comparison of antibody production, growth of primary melanoma tumors, number of mice surviving at the end of the observation period, mean survival time and per cent mice with metastases in the lungs showed that the best course of immunotherapy was prevaccination of mice with a vaccine of irradiated B16 F10 melanoma cells transfected to secrete GM-CSF, coupled with GM-CSF therapy.
Compliant Transmissions: Design Methods and Applications (2000)

Abstract The paper provides an overview of systematic design procedures and applications of compliant transmissions, which rely on elastic deformation to achieve, intended motion/force transmission function. The mechanisms described in this paper have compliance distributed throughout the structure without employing flexural hinges. Stroke-amplification mechanisms integrated with electrostatic linear actuators and thermal actuators in MEMS domain, and piezoceramic actuators ate illustrated as some of the applications of single-piece compliant transmissions. Additionally the concept of distributed compliance is illustrated with applications to shape-changing structures such as adaptive airfoils.