gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multi-stable Compliant Rolling-contact Elements (2007)

The purpose of this research is the development of design concepts and models of large-angle, compliant, multistable, revolute joints. This research presents evidence of the capability of these models and concepts by presenting a case study in which the miniaturization of revolute joints are examined. Previous attempts at multistable revolute joints can be categorized into two categories: compliant and non-compliant mechanisms. Non-compliant multistable revolute joints are typified by a combination of pin-in-slot joints, springs, and detents. Due to factors inherit in design, noncompliant joints often succumb to friction, wear, and undesirable motion, that leads to a decline in performance. Compliant multistable joints, such as those discussed in this work, negate these issues by allowing deflection in one or more of their members. However, compliant mechanisms have challenges associated with large-angle revolutions, stress concentration, and, historically, they perform poorly in compression. The literature has been lacking information on the fabrication of compliant multistable revolute joints having more than two stable positions. This work develops a truly multistable compliant revolute joint that is capable of multiple stable positions, the multistable compliant rolling-contact element(CORE). A CORE is a contact-aided complaint mechanism that eliminates friction and wear by allowing two surfaces to roll on each other. Furthermore, the contact eliminates problems such as poor performance in compression, typically associated with compliant mechanisms. The device uses minima in potential energy to achieve multi-stability, through one of six mechanisms. The use of minima in the potential energy eliminates the need for detents and other fatigue prone devices. Multistability may be achieved by placing the CORE flexure into tension or using flexible segments attached to the foci; or by changing the initial curvature of the flexure, curvature of the CORE surface, cross sectional area of the flexure (both protagonistically or antagonistically), or material properties. The stability methods are evaluated via a Pugh scoring matrix and the most promising concept, stability through tension in the CORE flexures, examined further. The utility of mathematical models, developed in this work, that predict stress, strain, and activation force, are demonstrated via a case study. This work also demonstrates that the device is capable of large angle deflections (360) and that the provided models permit efficient engineering design with COREs.
Deglycosylation of puerarin and other aromatic C ‐glucosides by a newly isolated human intestinal bacterium (2010)

The human intestinal microbiota may influence the fate of bioactive polyphenols, such as the isoflavone puerarin (daidzein 8-C-glucoside), following their oral intake. Faecal suspensions from 19 healthy subjects were tested for their ability to C-deglycosylate puerarin. Only one of these catalysed this reaction. A rod-shaped Gram-positive bacterium, strain CG19-1, capable of deglycosylating puerarin to daidzein was isolated from the corresponding suspension. However, the strictly anaerobic isolate was unable to utilize puerarin as sole carbon and energy source nor any of the tested carbohydrates. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain CG19-1 is a new species of the Lachnospiraceae. Strain CG19-1 also converted other aromatic C-glucosides in addition to puerarin. The xanthone C-glucoside mangiferin was deglycosylated to norathyriol. The flavone C-glucosides homoorientin and vitexin were degraded to 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propionic acid via luteolin and 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid respectively. In addition, strain CG19-1 converted flavonoid O-glucosides, but at rates that were lower than those of the C-glucosides tested. The isolate deglycosylated the isoflavone O-glucosides daidzin and genistin to daidzein and genistein respectively. Several O-glucosides of the flavones luteolin and apigenin undergoing deglycosylation were subsequently cleaved to 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propionic acid and 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid respectively. Moreover, strain CG19-1 cleaved both O-desmethylangolensin and 6'-hydroxy-O-desmethylangolensin to yield 2-(4-dihydroxyphenyl)propionic acid. The corresponding cleavage product, resorcinol, was only observed for O-desmethylangolensin.
Frequency stabilization of a 0633-μm He–Ne longitudinal Zeeman laser (1980)

A new method of stabilizing the output frequency of a He-Ne laser in a longitudinal magnetic field has been developed. With simple modifications to a standard He-Ne laser tube we obtain a frequency stability of <1 MHz (<10(-9)) for an averaging time of 1 sec and a long term (5 months) frequency reproducibility of ~ +/-1 MHz.
적층각이 다른 CFRP/Al 혼성 원형부재의 충돌안전성능 평가 (2015)

The actual condition is that environmental pollution due to the development of various industries has recently become a serious issue. An interest in improving the gas mileage is rising due to an increase in the number of vehicles in the era of high oil price in particular. In order to solve this pr...
Measurement of the Curvature-Dependent Surface Tension in Nucleating Colloidal Liquids (2018)

The curvature dependence of the surface tension is central to the nucleation of liquids, but remains difficult to access experimentally and predict theoretically. This curvature dependence arises from the curvature-dependent molecular structure, which, for small nuclei, can deviate significantly from that of the planar liquid interface. Simulations and density functional theory have been used to predict this curvature dependence, however with contradicting results. Here, we provide the first direct measurement of the curvature-dependent surface tension in nucleating colloidal liquids. We employ critical Casimir forces to finely adjust colloidal particle interactions and induce liquid nucleation, and image individual nuclei at the particle scale to measure their curvature-dependent surface tension directly from thermally excited surface distortions. Using continuum models, we elucidate the interplay between nucleus structure, particle pair potential, and surface tension. Our results reveal a 20% lower surface tension for nuclei of critical size compared to bulk liquids, leading to 3 orders of magnitude higher nucleation rates, thus highlighting the importance of surface tension curvature corrections for accurate prediction of nucleation rates.
Light-quality and temperature-dependentCBF14gene expression modulates freezing tolerance in cereals (2015)

C-repeat binding factor 14 (CBF14) is a plant transcription factor that regulates a set of cold-induced genes, contributing to enhanced frost tolerance during cold acclimation. Many CBF genes are induced by cool temperatures and regulated by day length and light quality, which affect the amount of accumulated freezing tolerance. Here we show that a low red to far-red ratio in white light enhances CBF14 expression and increases frost tolerance at 15C in winter Triticum aesitivum and Hordeum vulgare genotypes, but not in T. monococcum (einkorn), which has a relatively low freezing tolerance. Low red to far-red ratio enhances the expression of PHYA in all three species, but induces PHYB expression only in einkorn. Based on our results, a model is proposed to illustrate the supposed positive effect of phytochrome A and the negative influence of phytochrome B on the enhancement of freezing tolerance in cereals in response to spectral changes of incident light.
The Natural Diterpenoid Isoforretin A Inhibits Thioredoxin-1 and Triggers Potent ROS-Mediated Antitumor Effects (2016)

Abstract Aberrant expression of thioredoxin 1 (Trx1) plays an important role in cancer initiation and progression and has gained attention as an anticancer drug target. Here we report that the recently discovered natural diterpenoid isoforretin A (IsoA) significantly inhibits Trx1 activity and mediates anticancer effects in multiple preclinical settings. The inhibitory effect of IsoA was antagonized by free radical scavengers polyethylene glycol-catalase, polyethylene glycol superoxide dismutase, thiol-based antioxidants N-acetylcysteine and glutathione. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the mechanism of action was based on direct conjugation of IsoA to the Cys32/Cys35 residues of Trx1. This conjugation event attenuated reversible thiol reduction of Trx1, leading to ROS accumulation and a broader degradation of thiol redox homeostasis in cancer cells. Extending these in vitro findings, we documented that IsoA administration inhibited the growth of HepG2 tumors in a murine xenograft model of hepatocellular carcinoma. Taken together, our findings highlight IsoA as a potent bioactive inhibitor of Trx1 and a candidate anticancer natural product. Cancer Res; 77(4); 926–36. ©2016 AACR.
Numerical and experimental analysis of heat distribution in the laser powder bed fusion of Ti-6Al-4V (2018)

Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) of metallic parts is a complex process involving simultaneous interplay between several physical mechanisms such as solidification, heat transfer (convection, conduction, radiation, etc.), and fluid flow. In the present work, a three-dimensional finite element model is developed for studying the thermal behavior during LPBF of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Two phase transitions are considered in the model: solid-to-liquid and liquid-to-gas. It is demonstrated that metal evaporation has a notable effect on the thermal history evolution during fabrication and should not be overlooked in contrast with the majority of previous research efforts on modeling and simulation of additive manufacturing processes. The model is validated through experimental measurements of different features including the size and morphology of the Heat-Affected Zone (HAZ), melt pool size, and thermal history. Reasonable agreement with experimental measurements of the HAZ width and depth are obtained with corresponding errors of 3.2% and 10.8%. Qualitative agreement with experimental measurements of the multi-track thermal history is also obtained, with some discrepancies whose sources are discussed in detail. The current work presents one of the first efforts to validate the multi-track thermal history using dual-wavelength pyrometry, as opposed to single-track experiments. The effects of selected model parameters and evaporation on the melt pool/HAZ size, geometry and peak predicted temperature during processing, and their sensitivities to these parameters are also discussed. Sensitivity analysis reveals that thermal conductivity of the liquid phase, porosity level of the powder bed, and absorptivity have direct influence on the model predictions, with the influence of the thermal conductivity of the liquid phase being most significant.
Trans effects of Na + and glucose on Na + /glucose co‐transport (2010)

The human intestinal Na + /glucose co‐transporter 1 (SGLT1) is responsible for glucose absorption on the brush border of the small intestine. Previously, it has been shown that two Na + ions bind to the extracellular surface of SGLT1 prior to sugar binding and translocation. However, the order of release on the cytoplasmic surface is not well understood. Molecular dynamics simulations based on the X‐ray crystal structure of a homolog of SGLT1 suggest that Na + is the first substrate to dissociate from the cytoplasmic (i.e. trans ) side of the transporter during a reaction cycle. To test this, we obtained whole cell patch clamp recordings in human SGLT1‐expressing HEK293T cells with varying trans substrate concentrations. Compared with control experiments under zero trans conditions, 85 mM trans glucose reduced the V max for transport by greater than two‐fold. In contrast, trans Na + alone had no effect on V max . These results are consistent with kinetic modeling that predicts sugar is first to dissociate on the cytoplasmic surface of SGLT1. This work was supported by NIH grant #DK19567 and pre‐doctoral fellowship #DK821532 to CSH.
Molecular Tuning of Styryl Dyes Leads to Versatile and Efficient Plasma Membrane Probes for Cell and Tissue Imaging (2020)

The plasma membrane (PM) plays a major role in many biological processes; therefore, its proper fluorescence staining is required in bioimaging. Among the commercially available PM probes, styryl dye FM1-43 is one of the most widely used. In this work, we demonstrated that fine chemical modifications of FM1-43 can dramatically improve the PM staining. The newly developed probes, SP-468 and SQ-535, were found to display enhanced photophysical properties (reduced cross-talk, higher brightness, improved photostability) and, unlike FM1-43, provided excellent and immediate PM staining in 5 different mammalian cell types including neurons (primary culture and tissue imaging). Taking advantage of these features, we successfully used SP-468 in STED super resolution neuronal imaging. Additionally, we showed that the new probes displayed differences in their internalization pathways compared to their parent FM1-43. Finally, we showed that the new probes kept the ability to stain the PM of plant cells. Overall, this work presents new useful probes for PM imaging in cells and tissues and provides insights on the molecular design of new PM targeting molecules.
Wettability of Cotton Modified by Admicellar Polymerization (2003)

The wettability of yarns from plain cotton fabric and from polystrene-coated fabric modified by admicellar polymerization was examined by transient force measurements with a microbalance. Analysis of the observed time scales and forces suggests that water transport in cotton yarn proceeds by an initial rapid, capillary-driven axial flow over the exterior, followed by a radial flow between fibers, and is completed by a slow diffusion of water into the individual fibers. Both the initial and final forces indicated a significant reduction in the affinity of the modified fabric for water. Admicellar polymerization after optimization yielded coated cotton yarn that absorbed only 3% of the water retained by the unmodified yarn.
Linkage of the grey coat colour locus to microsatellites on horse chromosome 25 (2002)

The progressive loss of colour in the hair of grey horses is controlled by a dominantly inherited allele at the Grey locus (GG). In this study, two paternal Quarter Horse (QH) families segregating for the GG allele were genotyped with a set of 101 microsatellite markers spanning the 31 autosomes and the X chromosome. This genome scan demonstrated linkage of Grey to COR018 (RF=0.02, LOD=12.04) on horse chromosome 25 (ECA25). Further chromosome-specific analysis of seven total QH families confirmed the linkage of Grey to a group of ECA25 markers and the map order of NVHEQ43-(0.24)-UCDEQ405-(0.09)-COR080-(0.05)-GREY-(0.14)-UCDEQ464 was produced. Although G was found to be linked to TXN and COR018 in the chromosome-specific analysis, the data were not sufficiently informative to place either marker on our ECA25 map with significant LODs. Our results excluded the equine tyrosinase related protein 1 (TYRP1) and melanocyte protein 17 (Pmel17) genes as possible candidates for the grey phenotype in horses.
Layout-driven memory synthesis for embedded systems-on-chip (2002)

Memory-processor integration offers new opportunities for reducing, the energy of a system. In the case of embedded systems, where memory access patterns can typically be profiled at design time, one solution consists of mapping the most frequently accessed addresses onto the on-chip SRAM to guarantee power and performance efficiency. In this work, we propose an algorithm for the automatic partitioning of on-chip SRAMs into multiple banks. Starting from the dynamic execution profile of an embedded application running on a given processor core, we synthesize a multi-banked SRAM architecture optimally fitted to the execution profile. The algorithm computes an optimal solution to the problem under realistic assumptions on the power cost metrics, and with constraints on the number of memory banks. The partitioning algorithm is integrated with the physical design phase into a complete flow that allows the back annotation of layout information to drive the partitioning process. Results, collected on a set of embedded applications for the ARM processor, have shown average energy savings around 34%.
312. Highly-Efficient CNS Transduction With Vesicle-Associated AAV Vector (2015)

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector is currently the pre-eminent gene delivery system to the central nervous system (CNS), with several serotypes capable of penetrating the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Limitations to clinical translation of systemically administered AAV in patients is pre-existing antibodies as well as the relatively high doses of vector (~10e14 genome copies/kg body weight) required to achieve high levels of transduction in CNS. Using a bioluminescent reporter system (firefly luciferase, FLuc), we previously showed that AAV associated with extracellular vesicles (ev-AAV, AKA vexosomes) can transduce murine brain in the presence of neutralizing antibodies. To further assess the potential of this new technology, the present study evaluates the cell-types, percentages of transduction and regional spread in the CNS after a single intravenous infusion of the same self-complementary genome vector copy (g.c.) numbers (1.5×10e11 g.c.) of AAV9 and ev-AAV9 expressing the Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) reporter gene (~7.5×10e12 g.c./kg) at four weeks post injection in immunocompetent mice. Astrocytes were the main population to be transduced by our ev-AAV9-CBA-GFP, reaching on average 13.44±0.81% of GFP positive astrocytes in the cortex, hippocampus and striatum, 1.8 fold higher than AAV9-CBA-GFP (7.49±0.77; p=0.001). Stereological analyses also demonstrated a significant amount of neurons expressing the GFP reporter after vexosomes injection (5.89±0.29%) as compared with conventional AAV9 (3.12±0.19%, p=0.0001), and we observed a wide tropism range of ev-AAV9 towards different neuronal sub-types throughout the neural axis. Brain endothelial cells were also transduced well by vexosomes. Using bioluminescence imaging, we next analyzed the FLuc expression kinetics in the head region of mice injected with conventional AAV9-Fluc and AAV8-Fluc and compared them to their ev-AAV counterparts after systemic injection. At day 7 post injection, ev-AAV9 had an approximately 20-fold higher FLuc signal in the head region compared to AAV9 which decreased to 2 fold by day 35. Remarkably ev-AAV8 had a 40-fold higher signal than conventional AAV8, remaining stable from 14-35 days post injection. Furthermore, while conventional AAV9 had a higher signal than conventional AAV8, ev-AAV8 had a 10–fold higher signal than AAV9 at day 35. We are currently validating the FLuc results, and analyzing transduced cell types with ev-AAV8 encoding GFP. The combination of our prior results showing the ability to evade neutralizing antibodies with our current data showing efficient transduction of target cell types in the CNS, emphasize the great potential of ev-AAV vectors for systemic-based therapy.
A Low-Noise 150–210 GHz Detector in 45 nm CMOS SOI (2013)

This letter presents a G-band detector in a 45 nm silicon-on-insulator CMOS technology. The measured detector responsivity is 3 kV/W at 170-180 GHz with a 3 dB bandwidth of 150-210 GHz. The detector results in a Noise-Equivalent-Power (NEP) of 8-10 pW/Hz <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1/2</sup> at a bias current of 50-200 μA for an IF of 10 MHz and is well matched with an input return loss > 10 dB at 167-194 GHz. The responsivity and NEP values are close to the best SiGe detectors, and show that advanced CMOS nodes are suitable for ~ 200 GHz imaging arrays.
Impact of Blood Pressure in the Early 40s on Left Atrial Volumes in the Mid‐60s: Data From the ACE 1950 Study (2022)

Background Echocardiographic measures of left atrial volumes are powerful predictors of cardiovascular events and important for assessing diastolic dysfunction. Despite this, there is limited knowledge of factors influencing left atrial remodeling. In particular, the impact of blood pressure in those in their early 40s on left atrial volumes later in life has not been sufficiently elucidated. Methods and Results We linked data from individuals born in 1950 who participated in the Age 40 Program, and the ACE (Akershus Cardiac Examination) 1950 Study. We divided the study population into quartiles of systolic blood pressure in their early 40s and assessed the proportion of individuals with an enlarged left atrium in their mid-60s. The associations between blood pressure and left atrial volumes were assessed in linear regression analyses. Of the 2591 individuals included in this study, 1302 (50.3%) were women, and the mean age in the Age 40 Program was 40.1±0.3 years. Systolic blood pressure was 128.1±13.6 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure was 78.3±9.5 mm Hg. Mean age in the ACE 1950 Study was 64.0±0.6 years. The proportion of individuals with an enlarged left atrium increased across the quartiles of systolic blood pressure (<i>P</i>=0.001). Systolic blood pressure was independently associated with left atrial volumes; the end-systolic volume was 0.09 mL (95% CI, 0.04-0.14 mL) larger per 1-mm Hg higher systolic blood pressure. Conclusions Our findings suggest that increased blood pressure in those in their early 40s is relevant for left atrial remodeling later in life. Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT01555411.
Hybrid Actuator for 3-Axis Control (2006)

Abstract : This report documents the development of a hybrid device for simultaneous 3-axis vibration reduction. This device was found to deliver ~30 to 45 dB downstream vibration reduction of both single and multiple tones. It is robust, reproducible, and sufficiently well-behaved that it can achieve this high performance level using just a base acceleration minimization. A key to its high performance is the ultra-low distortion provided by the highly linear single-crystal piezoelectric actuator. This report summarizes the design procedure, development, and results for what may be the first fully successful small-size 3-axis hybrid actuator.
Infrastructure and interfaces for large-scale numerical software. (1999)

The complexity of large-scale scientific simulations often necessitates the combined use of multiple software packages developed by different groups in areas such as adaptive mesh manipulations, scalable algebraic solvers, and optimization. Historically, these packages have been combined by using custom code. This practice inhibits experimentation with and comparison of multiple tools that provide similar functionality through different implementations. The ALICE project, a collaborative effort among researchers at Argonne National Laboratory, is exploring the use of component-based software engineering to provide better interoperability among numerical toolkits. They discuss some initial experiences in developing an infrastructure and interfaces for high-performance numerical computing.
Macromolecular design of cationic polyelectrolytes on the chitosan basis for achievement of high antimutagenic efficiency at gamma‐irradiation (1998)

Abstract A new approach to the problem of construction of efficient antimutagenic (at γ‐irradiation) systems has been developed on the basis of the models‐ synthetic cationic polyelectrolytes‐ polyquaternary salts of diallyldimethyl‐ammonium type.