gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automated fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis of t(9;22)(q34;q11) in interphase nuclei (2006)

A reliable and objective automated analysis of large numbers of cells is possible, avoiding interobserver variability and producing statistically more accurate results than manual evaluation.
Response to osmotic stimuli in mesangial cells: Role of system a transporter (1994)

It has been suggested that mesangial cells have an osmoregulatory mechanism like that of renal medullary cells, such as intracellular accumulation of polyols in response to hypertonicity. We examined osmoregulatory role of neutral amino acids transported by system A in cultured mesangial cells. The contents of almost all amino acids increased under hypertonic conditions to more than twice the value in isotonic cells. In hypertonic cells, the system A transport activity, measured by Na(+)-dependent 2-(methylamino)isobutyric acid (MeAIB) uptake, was 3.8-fold the uptake in isotonic cells, reaching a maximum 16 h after the switch to hypertonic medium. The response to hypertonicity was the result of an increase in maximal velocity without change in Michaelis constant and was dependent on RNA and protein synthesis. When medium osmolality decreased from hypertonic to isotonic, MeAIB uptake reverted to the isotonic level within 16 h and a large transient efflux of L-proline occurred within 10 min. These results suggest that mesangial cells respond to extracellular hypertonicity by increasing system A transport activity and neutral amino acids can function as compatible osmolytes in mesangial cells.
Highly porous nitrogen-doped polyimine-based carbons with adjustable microstructures for CO2 capture (2013)

A series of highly porous nitrogen doped porous carbons (NPCs) have been successfully prepared using a novel porous polyimine as the precursor. The resulting NPCs have a high specific surface area of up to 3195 m2 g−1, high pore volume and micropore volume (up to 1.58 and 1.38 cm3 g−1, respectively), narrow micropore size distributions, and adjustable nitrogen (1.52–5.05 wt%) depending on the activation temperatures (600–750 °C). The CO2 uptakes of the NPCs prepared at higher temperatures (700–750 °C) are lower than those prepared at milder conditions (600–650 °C). At 1 bar, NPC-650 demonstrates the best CO2 capture performance and could efficiently adsorb CO2 molecules of 3.10 mmol g−1 (136 mg g−1) and 5.26 mmol g−1 (231.3 mg g−1), at 25 and 0 °C, respectively. The NPCs also show good a initial CO2/N2 adsorption selectivity of up to 23.4 and an adsorption ratio of CO2/N2 (6.6) at 1 bar. Meanwhile, these NPCs exhibit a high stability and facile regeneration/recyclability without evident loss of the CO2 capture capacities.
The dual nature of a catalytic reaction: The dehydrogenation of sec‐butyl alcohol to methyl ethyl ketone at elevated pressures (1960)

Abstract A detailed analysis of initial rate data obtained for the catalytic dehydrogenation of sec ‐butyl alcohol to methyl ethyl ketone in the presence of brass reveals that the controlling step of the reaction changes and depends on the operating conditions. To take advantage of the unique characteristics of initial rate equations, the experimental phase of this work has been carried out with a differential reactor and covered the temperature range 550° to 700°F. for pressures up to 15 atm. Feed compositions containing sec ‐butyl alcohol and mixtures with methyl ethyl ketone and hydrogen were used. These studies show that the desorption of molecularly adsorbed hydrogen ceases to be the controlling step in favor of a dual‐site surface reaction depending on the operating variables. In view of these observations it now becomes necessary to calculate reaction rates with both over‐all rate equations and to select the lower rate as representative of the controlling step of the reaction.
Aids for the handicapped based on "Synte 2" speech synthesizer (2005)

SYNTE 2 is a low-cost, high-quality, text-to-speech synthesizer designed for Finnish but applicable also to other languages if "phoneme writing" is used. After its first presentation in 1977 it has been adapted to many communication aids for the handicapped. The first application was a portable speaking machine with unlimited vocabulary for the speech impared. This paper describes the present applications of SYNTE 2, including the speaking machine, a talking data terminal for blind computer programmers, a system for automatic production of spoken information for the blind, etc.
Factors Associated with Hearing Outcomes after a Middle Fossa Approach in 131 Consecutive Patients with Vestibular Schwannomas (2023)

Objective: The middle fossa approach is an effective option for the treatment of small (Koos grades 1 and 2) vestibular schwannomas (VS) when the goal is hearing preservation. The authors evaluated the rates of hearing preservation and examined the factors associated with improved hearing outcomes after the middle fossa approach for VS.
Row buffer locality aware caching policies for hybrid memories (2012)

Phase change memory (PCM) is a promising technology that can offer higher capacity than DRAM. Unfortunately, PCM's access latency and energy are higher than DRAM's and its endurance is lower. Many DRAM-PCM hybrid memory systems use DRAM as a cache to PCM, to achieve the low access latency and energy, and high endurance of DRAM, while taking advantage of PCM's large capacity. A key question is what data to cache in DRAM to best exploit the advantages of each technology while avoiding its disadvantages as much as possible. We propose a new caching policy that improves hybrid memory performance and energy efficiency. Our observation is that both DRAM and PCM banks employ row buffers that act as a cache for the most recently accessed memory row. Accesses that are row buffer hits incur similar latencies (and energy consumption) in DRAM and PCM, whereas accesses that are row buffer misses incur longer latencies (and higher energy consumption) in PCM. To exploit this, we devise a policy that avoids accessing in PCM data that frequently causes row buffer misses because such accesses are costly in terms of both latency and energy. Our policy tracks the row buffer miss counts of recently used rows in PCM, and caches in DRAM the rows that are predicted to incur frequent row buffer misses. Our proposed caching policy also takes into account the high write latencies of PCM, in addition to row buffer locality. Compared to a conventional DRAM-PCM hybrid memory system, our row buffer locality-aware caching policy improves system performance by 14% and energy efficiency by 10% on data-intensive server and cloud-type workloads. The proposed policy achieves 31% performance gain over an all-PCM memory system, and comes within 29% of the performance of an allDRAM memory system (not taking PCM's capacity benefit into account) on evaluated workloads.
Rapid Resolution of Large Bowel Diarrhea after the Administration of a Combination of a High-Fiber Diet and a Probiotic Mixture in 30 Dogs (2020)

Canine fiber responsive diarrhea is a form of chronic colitis that improves clinically after adding fiber to the diet. In the present study, we investigated the effect of a combination of a high-fiber, highly digestible, hypoallergenic diet with a probiotic mixture in 30 dogs with chronic colitis that were unresponsive to various dietary and/or pharmacological interventions. Fecal scores, canine chronic enteropathy clinical activity index (CCECAI) scores, the dysbiosis index (DI), and histologic images of colonic biopsies were evaluated. At baseline (day 0; T0) and after 30 days of treatment (T1), all variables evaluated in our patients (i.e., fecal and CCECAI scores and histopathology) improved significantly at T1, with the exception of DI. However, there was a numerical shift from a state of dysbiosis to one of normobiosis. The combination of the diet and the probiotic used in the present study induced the resolution of clinical signs in a mean of 8.5 days (maximum 15 days) and did not necessitate any other treatments or the further addition of alimentary fiber.
Bacterial chemistry. II. Antimicrobial photoproduct from pigment of Chromobacterium violaceum (1983)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-30T13:51:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 1983
Brain-Targeting Form of Docosahexaenoic Acid for Experimental Stroke Treatment: MRI Evaluation and Anti-Oxidant Impact (2011)

Epidemiologic studies report cardiovascular protection conferred by omega-3 fatty acids, in particular docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). However, few experimental studies have addressed its potential in acute stroke treatment. The present study used multimodal MRI to assess in vivo the neuroprotection conferred by DHA and by a brain-targeting form of DHA-containing lysophosphatidylcholine (AceDoPC) in experimental stroke. Rats underwent intraluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and were treated at reperfusion by intravenous injection of i) saline, ii) plasma from donor rats, iii) DHA or iv) AceDoPC, both solubilized in plasma. Twenty-four hours after reperfusion, animals underwent behavioral tests and were sacrificed. Multiparametric MRI (MRA, DWI, PWI, T2-WI) was performed at H0, during occlusion, and at H24, before sacrifice. Brain tissue was used for assay of F(2)-isoprostanes as lipid peroxidation markers. Initial lesion size and PWI/DWI mismatch were comparable in the four groups. Between H0 and H24, lesion size increased in the saline group (mean ± s.d.: +18% ± 20%), was stable in the plasma group (-3% ± 29%), and decreased in the DHA (-17% ± 15%, P=0.001 compared to saline) and AceDoPC (-34% ± 27%, P=0.001 compared to saline) groups. Neuroscores in the AceDoPC group tended to be lower than in the other groups (P=0.07). Treatments (pooled DHA and AceDoPC groups) significantly decreased lipid peroxidation as compared to controls (pooled saline and vehicle) (P=0.03). MRI-based assessment demonstrated the neuroprotective effect of DHA in the MCAO model. Results further highlighted the therapeutic potential of engineered brain-targeting forms of omega-3 fatty acids for acute stroke treatment.
The distinction of underivatized monosaccharides using electrospray ionization ion trap mass spectrometry (2006)

A convenient method for distinguishing underivatized isomeric monosaccharides has been established using electrospray ionization ion trap mass spectrometry (ESI-ITMS). Mass spectra of hexoses (glucose, galactose, and mannose), N-acetylhexosamines (N-acetylglucosamine, N-acetylgalactosamine, and N-acetylmannosamine) and hexosamines (glucosamine, galactosamine, and mannosamine) dissolved in solvent containing 1 mM ammonium acetate were obtained in the positive ion mode. Glucose was distinguished from galactose and mannose in the MS(2) spectrum of the [M+NH(4)](+) ion at m/z 198. The MS(3) spectra generated from [M+NH(4)-H(2)O-NH(3)](+) at m/z 163 showed that galactose and mannose could be distinguished by the ratio of peak intensities at m/z 145 and 127, while the three N-acetylhexosamine and hexosamine stereochemical isomers could be identified by the relative abundance ratios of product ions observed in MS(3) spectra. The investigation of MS and MS(2) spectra from complexes of these monosaccharides with Na(+) and Pb(2+) failed to distinguish these monosaccharide isomers. Therefore, multiple stage mass analysis by ESI-ITMS using either [M+NH(4)](+) or [M+H](+) was useful to distinguish between the isomers of monosaccharides.
Application of Z-contrast imaging in deep-sub-micron process optimization (2003)

With integrated circuits going into the 0.18 /spl mu/m generation and below, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is becoming more routinely used and indispensable for equipment qualification, process monitoring and optimization, technology development, and failure analysis. However, TEM analysis is required to be more sample thickness forgivable. Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) is a very good candidate for these purposes, as STEM can handle thicker TEM samples. By varying the camera length, the scattered angle of electrons forming STEM images changes. At large scattering angles, the scattering cross section is strongly atomic number (Z) dependent (D.B. Williams and C.B. Carter, Transmission Electron Microscopy, Plenum Press, New York and London, p. 41, 1996). Therefore the image contrast is dominated by Z and Z-contrast imaging is thus named. In this paper, we utilize the Z-contrast imaging technique to study the influence of different pre-copper/tantalum deposition cleaning scheme on the formation of Cu dual damascene structure of 0.13 /spl mu/m technology node. The results clearly show that Z-contrast STEM imaging can be applied successfully to overcome some of the difficulties encountered in normal TEM observations, and it is a very useful tool for process optimization.
Microanisotropy imaging: quantification of microscopic diffusion anisotropy and orientational order parameter by diffusion MRI with magic-angle spinning of the q-vector (2014)

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is the method of choice for non-invasive investigations of the structure of human brain white matter (WM). The results are conventionally reported as maps of the fractional anisotropy (FA), which is a parameter related to microstructural features such as axon density, diameter, and myelination. The interpretation of FA in terms of microstructure becomes ambiguous when there is a distribution of axon orientations within the image voxel. In this paper, we propose a procedure for resolving this ambiguity by determining a new parameter, the microscopic fractional anisotropy (FA), which corresponds to the FA without the confounding influence of orientation dispersion. In addition, we suggest a method for measuring the orientational order parameter (OP) for the anisotropic objects. The experimental protocol is capitalizing on a recently developed diffusion nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) pulse sequence based on magic-angle spinning of the q-vector. Proof-of-principle experiments are carried out on microimaging and clinical MRI equipment using lyotropic liquid crystals and plant tissues as model materials with high FA and low FA on account of orientation dispersion. We expect the presented method to be especially fruitful in combination with DTI and high angular resolution acquisition protocols for neuroimaging studies of gray and white matter.
Turbo-Aggregate: Breaking the Quadratic Aggregation Barrier in Secure Federated Learning (2021)

Federated learning is a distributed framework for training machine learning models over the data residing at mobile devices, while protecting the privacy of individual users. A major bottleneck in scaling federated learning to a large number of users is the overhead of secure model aggregation across many users. In particular, the overhead of the state-of-the-art protocols for secure model aggregation grows quadratically with the number of users. In this article, we propose the first secure aggregation framework, named Turbo-Aggregate, that in a network with N users achieves a secure aggregation overhead of O(NlogN), as opposed to O(N <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ), while tolerating up to a user dropout rate of 50%. Turbo-Aggregate employs a multi-group circular strategy for efficient model aggregation, and leverages additive secret sharing and novel coding techniques for injecting aggregation redundancy in order to handle user dropouts while guaranteeing user privacy. We experimentally demonstrate that Turbo-Aggregate achieves a total running time that grows almost linear in the number of users, and provides up to 40× speedup over the state-of-the-art protocols with up to N=200 users. Our experiments also demonstrate the impact of model size and bandwidth on the performance of Turbo-Aggregate.
Hydrogen Peroxide Treatment during Egg Incubation Improves Channel Catfish Hatching Success (2003)

Abstract Three trials were conducted to evaluate the effect of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) treatment on the hatching success of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus when administered during egg incubation as a 15-min bath or as a flow-through treatment. In the first trial, initial treatment with 100 mg povidone iodine/L followed by daily 15-min baths of 250 mg H2O2/L yielded a 26% increase (P &amp;lt; 0.05) in hatching success above controls. In the second trial, daily 15-min baths with H2O2 (250 mg/L) yielded a 30% increase (P &amp;lt; 0.05) in hatching success compared with povidone-iodine-treated controls and significantly improved hatching success compared with formalin-treated (1,600 mg/L) eggs. In the third trial, hydrogen peroxide was administered in flow-through hatching troughs. Egg masses treated with 70 mg H2O2/L had significantly improved (P &amp;lt; 0.05) hatching success compared with untreated controls (68.3% and 24.2%, respectively). The results of this research show that significant improvements in channel catfish hatching success can be obtained through the use of hydrogen peroxide as a cost-effective alternative to formalin.
“AVALIAÇÃO DA RESISTÊNCIA DA UNIÃO DENTINA-ADESIVO UTILIZANDO DIFERENTES CONDICIONAMENTOS DENTINÁRIOS” (2015)

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a resistência da união dentina-resina, utilizando-se diferentes condicionamentos.Vinte e quatro terceiros molares tiveram o esmalte oclusal removido com disco diamantado para exposição da dentina, a qual foi abrasionada com lixas de SiC (#600).Em seguida os dentes foram aleatoriamente divididos em 3 grupos experimentais (n=8): condicionamento com ácido fosfórico 37% (15s), EDTA 0,1 M (60s) e EDTA 0,5 M (120s).O adesivo (XP Bond, Dentsply) foi aplicado e três incrementos de resina composta (EsthetX, Dentsply) de 2 mm cada foram inseridos na superfície dentinária, sendo cada um fotoativado individualmente.Os dentes restaurados foram seccionados transversalmente para se obter espécimes para o ensaio de microtração (1 mm 2 na secção transversal).Metade dos espécimes foi testada em máquina universal de ensaio (EZ Test, Shimadzu) após 24 horas, enquanto a outra metade foi testada após armazenamento em saliva artificial por 1 ano.O padrão de fratura das superfícies dos espécimes foi analisado em microscópio eletrônico de varredura (MEV).Os resultados de resistência de união, após 24 hrs e 1 ano de armazenamento foram, respectivamente (em MPa): ácido fosfórico 37%: 37,3(7,7) / 33,9(6,7); EDTA 0,1 M: 14,7(7,3) / 15,1(10,1); EDTA 0,5 M: 25,1(7,7) / 21,1(14,1).Os padrões de fratura predominantes foram: ácido fosfórico 37% e EDTA 0,5 M: falha mista; EDTA 0,1 M: falha adesiva entre a dentina e o agente de união.O condicionamento da dentina com EDTA, independente da concentração resultou em menor resistência de união quando comparado ao ataque com ácido fosfórico.
Detection of human bocavirus in hospitalised children (2009)

These results contribute to the interest in the HBoV detection in children. HBoV detection in hospitalised children with or without any other respiratory virus detection was essentially associated with lower respiratory tract infection and in a lower score with upper respiratory tract infection and gastroenteritis.
Expression of type I interferon receptor as a predictor of clinical response to interferon-α therapy of gastrointestinal cancers (2006)

Interferon (IFN) is used in the treatment of many malignancies and viral disorders. We recently reported a significant correlation between the efficacy of IFN-alpha combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and IFN-alpha/type I IFN receptor (IFNAR2) expression. It is possible that the expression of IFNAR2 in gastrointestinal cancerous tissue, apart from HCC, may predict the efficacy of IFN-alpha combination therapy. We investigated the expression of IFNAR2 in 100 gastrointestinal cancerous tissues. IFNAR2 expression was examined using immunohistochemistry, in surgically resected tissue samples (20 esophageal, 20 gastric, 20 colorectal, 20 cholangiocarcinoma, and 20 pancreatic samples). The expression rate of IFNAR2 was 35.0% (7/20), 25.0% (5/20), 20.0% (4/20), 45.0% (9/20), and 25.0% (5/20) in esophageal, gastric cancer, colorectal, cholangiocarcinoma and pancreatic cancer samples, respectively. In our previous report, the expression rate of IFNAR2 in HCC samples was 64.8% (59/91). Thus, the expression rates of IFNAR2 in the five types of gastrointestinal cancers tested here were low, compared with HCC. The clinical efficacy of IFN-alpha mono- or combination therapies in patients with gastrointestinal neoplasms is expected to be lower than in patients with HCC based on the expression level of IFNAR2.
Phenotypic adaptation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to host-associated stressors that induce persister formation (2022)

<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> exhibits a remarkable ability to interfere with the host antimicrobial response. The pathogen exploits elaborate strategies to cope with diverse host-induced stressors by modulating its metabolism and physiological state to prolong survival and promote persistence in host tissues. Elucidating the adaptive strategies that <i>M. tuberculosis</i> employs during infection to enhance persistence is crucial to understanding how varying physiological states may differentially drive disease progression for effective management of these populations. To improve our understanding of the phenotypic adaptation of <i>M. tuberculosis</i>, we review the adaptive strategies employed by <i>M. tuberculosis</i> to sense and coordinate a physiological response following exposure to various host-associated stressors. We further highlight the use of animal models that can be exploited to replicate and investigate different aspects of the human response to infection, to elucidate the impact of the host environment and bacterial adaptive strategies contributing to the recalcitrance of infection.
InGaAs quasi-quantum-wire FET on V-grooved substrate by selective growth with As/sub 2/ flux in hydrogen-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (2003)

A field effect transistor (FET) using a single InGaAs quasi-quantum wire (QWR) structure as a channel has been fabricated. The quasi-QWR structures have been fabricated with As/sub 2/ flux and atomic hydrogen irradiation using molecular beam epitaxy on V-grooved InP substrate. The V-shape is preserved during InAlAs barrier layer growth due to a suppressed migration of In atoms under As/sub 2/ flux. The V-groove is not preserved and hence the QWR cannot be fabricated under As/sub 4/ flux. The single InGaAs quasi-QWR is used as a channel of the FET. The FET demonstrated the good saturation characteristics and its maximum transconductance is 300 mS/mm at a drain voltage of 0.5 V.
Germanium Quantum Well QCSE Waveguide Modulator With Tapered Coupling in Distributed Modulator–Detector System (2017)

Optical interconnections (interconnects) have been proposed as solutions to the ever-increasing bandwidth requirements and energy consumption in communication systems. Among possible photonic modulation strategies, the Ge quantum well (QW) based quantum-confined Stark effect (QCSE) stands out, as its strong electro-absorption effect allows for potentially lower power consumption and smaller device sizes compared to other modulation mechanisms. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a thin buffer layer Ge QW QCSE waveguide modulator that evanescently couples to and from an Si waveguide through an adiabatic three-dimensional (3D) taper. Simulations confirm that this 3-D taper yields higher coupling efficiency and improved maintenance of the fundamental mode after coupling compared to a 2-D taper. We also demonstrate that this geometry could potentially work in an integrated modulator-detector system. The combination of thin SiGe epitaxy (i.e., the buffer and device layers) with Si waveguides paves the way to easier integration of Si photonic integrated circuits.