gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An autonomous elevator button recognition system based on convolutional neural networks (2017)

The ability to operate an elevator is significant for service robots to move freely inside a building and the elevator button recognition is placed as one of the most critical functions of this process. However, the variety of button styles, the different light conditions and the blurred images caused by the camera motion make this task difficult. To tackle this obstacle to achieve the robust real-time performance, a button recognition system is proposed based on the convolutional neural networks. In consideration of the diverse button shapes, a contour extraction algorithm and the noise filtering are specifically designed to avoid the exhaustive search and reduce the consumed time. Then the fine-tuned CNN model is trained on our established elevator button dataset to achieve a more reliable recognition performance comparing to the template matching methods. Besides, the arrangement pattern of buttons is utilized to deduce the missing buttons and correct mistakes. To verify our algorithm, we run our algorithm on a dataset of 5 distinct elevators. Our algorithm succeeds in localizing and recognizing 98% of the buttons in known elevators and 87.6% in unknown elevators and has an average speed of 3 frames per second.
Separate encoding of identity and similarity of complex familiar odors in piriform cortex (2006)

Piriform cortical circuits are hypothesized to form perceptions from responses to specific odorant features, but the anterior piriform cortex (aPCX) and posterior piriform cortex (pPCX) differ markedly in their anatomical organization, differences that could lead to distinct roles in odor encoding. Here, we tested whether experience with a complex odorant mixture would modify encoding of the mixture and its components in aPCX and pPCX. Rats were exposed to an odorant mixture and its components in a go/no-go rewarded odor discrimination task. After reaching behavioral performance criterion, single-unit recordings were made from the aPCX and pPCX in these rats and in odor-naïve, control, urethane-anesthetized rats. After odor experience, aPCX neurons were more narrowly tuned to the test odorants, and there was a decorrelation in aPCX population responses to the mixture and its components, suggesting a more distinct encoding of the familiar mixture from its components. In contrast, pPCX neurons were more broadly tuned to the familiar odorants, and pPCX population responses to the mixture and its components became more highly correlated, suggesting a pPCX encoding of similarity between familiar stimuli. The results suggest aPCX and pPCX play different roles in the processing of familiar odors and are consistent with an experience-dependent encoding (perceptual learning) of synthetic odorant identity in aPCX and an experience-dependent encoding of odor similarity or odor quality in pPCX.
Biophysical Studies on Interactions and Assembly of Full-size E3 Ubiquitin Ligase (2014)

The multisubunit cullin RING E3 ubiquitin ligases (CRLs) target post-translationally modified substrates for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. The suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins play important roles in inflammatory processes, diabetes, and cancer and therefore represent attractive targets for therapeutic intervention. The SOCS proteins, among their other functions, serve as substrate receptors of CRL5 complexes. A member of the CRL family, SOCS2-EloBC-Cul5-Rbx2 (CRL5(SOCS2)), binds phosphorylated growth hormone receptor as its main substrate. Here, we demonstrate that the components of CRL5(SOCS2) can be specifically pulled from K562 human cell lysates using beads decorated with phosphorylated growth hormone receptor peptides. Subsequently, SOCS2-EloBC and full-length Cul5-Rbx2, recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli and in Sf21 insect cells, respectively, were used to reconstitute neddylated and unneddylated CRL5(SOCS2) complexes in vitro. Finally, diverse biophysical methods were employed to study the assembly and interactions within the complexes. Unlike other E3 ligases, CRL5(SOCS2) was found to exist in a monomeric state as confirmed by size exclusion chromatography with inline multiangle static light scattering and native MS. Affinities of the protein-protein interactions within the multisubunit complex were measured by isothermal titration calorimetry. A structural model for full-size neddylated and unneddylated CRL5(SOCS2) complexes is supported by traveling wave ion mobility mass spectrometry data.
Design considerations on the low-voltage MOSFET applications to wheelchair drive systems (2002)

The paper deals with the application of MOSFETs, as switching devices, in a low-voltage power converter, which is devoted to an electric-driven wheelchair. The characteristics of the MOSFETs have a major impact on the whole performances of the drive system. The used devices are out of the traditional cell-structure MOSFETs, and they present interesting characteristics due to the advanced design rules typical of the VLSI processes. These MOSFETs can carry current up to 150 A, with a breakdown voltage in the range 20 V-50 V. The paper starts with the description of some technological issues. In particular, the paper focuses on the innovations and the improved performances in comparison to those of standard devices. Laboratory tests are carried out aiming to characterize the device looking for the specific application in a full bridge inverter. Finally, considerations and design criteria, in order to reduce the total power losses in the actual AC motor drive for wheelchair applications, are presented.
Phytochrome B Influences in-vitro Shoot Regeneration in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. (1999)

The effects of phyA and phyB mutations on shoot bud regeneration in Arabidopsis thaliana have been studied. The phyB mutant showed a significantly lower frequency of shoot bud regeneration than did the wild-type, indicating a role for phytochrome B in the regulation of in-vitro shoot bud regeneration. Interestingly, the shoot bud regeneration frequency of the phyA mutant was not significantly different from that of the wild-type in a light and dark, suggesting that phytochrome A may not be involved in the regulation of in-vitro shoot bud regeneration. The effects of gibberellin (GA) were also studied because previously we showed that a reduction in endogenous GA level results in a higher shoot bud regeneration frequency. Exogenous paclobutrazol and prohexadione (GA biosynthesis inhibitors) increases, and exogenous GA reduces, the shoot bud regeneration frequency in the phyB mutant. Thus shoot regeneration in the phyB mutant is still responsive to regulation via the GA signalling system.
Latchup-free esd protection design with complementary substrate-triggered scr devices (2003)

The turn-on mechanism of silicon-controlled rectifier (SCR) devices is essentially a current triggering event. While a current is applied to the base or substrate of an SCR device, it can be quickly triggered on into its latching state. In this paper, latchup-free electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection circuits, which are combined with the substrate-triggered technique and an SCR device, are proposed. A complementary circuit style with the substrate-triggered SCR device is designed to discharge both the pad-to-V/sub SS/ and pad-to-V/sub DD/ ESD stresses. The novel complementary substrate-triggered SCR devices have the advantages of controllable switching voltage, adjustable holding voltage, faster turn-on speed, and compatible to general CMOS process without extra process modification such as the silicide-blocking mask and ESD implantation. The total holding voltage of the substrate-triggered SCR device can be linearly increased by adding the stacked diode string to avoid the transient-induced latchup issue in the ESD protection circuits. The on-chip ESD protection circuits designed with the proposed complementary substrate-triggered SCR devices and stacked diode string for the input/output pad and power pad have been successfully verified in a 0.25-μm salicided CMOS process with the human body model (machine model) ESD level of ∼7.25 kV (500 V) in a small layout area.
Magnetohydrodynamic behaviour during core transport barrier experiments with ion Bernstein wave heating in PBX-M: IIn=m- 1 andn=mmodes (1998)

Two new types of high frequency (HF) MHD mode activity are observed when a core transport barrier is formed during ion Bernstein wave (IBW) heating in PBX-M. These modes, localized in the core transport barrier, seem to be mainly responsible for the soft saturation in the strength of the core transport barrier. The two types of HF mode activity are determined by the presence or absence of a strong 1/1 mode. The n = m modes are observed with the 1/1 mode, while the n = m - 1 modes are seen when the 1/1 mode is absent. The m numbers of both of these modes vary between 4 and 13. They all seem to be coupled and rotate as a rigid body. The n = m - 1 modes seemed to be narrowly localized on their corresponding rational surface, i.e. q = m/(m - 1). The modes are ballooning-like, and their amplitudes increase with increasing β. Calculations with the CASTOR code show that the n = m - 1 modes are most probably pressure driven tearing modes, but the possibility of kinetic ballooning modes (KBMs) cannot be fully excluded. The n = m modes appear on or around the q = 1 surface, and are localized at the X point of the 1/1 mode island. The frequency offset of the n = m modes, which is too low for a TAE, is shown to be consistent with β-induced toroidal Alfvén eigenmodes (BAEs).
β-Adrenergic stimulation does not activate Na+/Ca2+ exchange current in guinea pig, mouse, and rat ventricular myocytes (2005)

The effect of beta-adrenergic stimulation on cardiac Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchange has been controversial. To clarify the effect, we measured Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchange current (I(NCX)) in voltage-clamped guinea pig, mouse, and rat ventricular cells. When I(NCX) was defined as a 5 mM Ni(2+)-sensitive current in guinea pig ventricular myocytes, 1 microM isoproterenol apparently augmented I(NCX) by approximately 32%. However, this increase was probably due to contamination of the cAMP-dependent Cl(-) current (CFTR-Cl(-) current, I(CFTR-Cl)), because Ni(2+) inhibited the activation of I(CFTR-Cl) by 1 microM isoproterenol with a half-maximum concentration of 0.5 mM under conditions where I(NCX) was suppressed. Five or ten millimolar Ni(2+) did not inhibit I(CFTR-Cl) activated by 10 microM forskolin, an activator of adenylate cyclase, suggesting that Ni(2+) acted upstream of adenylate cyclase in the beta-adrenergic signaling pathway. Furthermore, in a low-extracellular Cl(-) bath solution, 1 microM isoproterenol did not significantly alter the amplitude of Ni(2+)-sensitive I(NCX) at +50 mV, which is close to the reversal potential of I(CFTR-Cl). No change in I(NCX) amplitude was induced by 10 microM forskolin. When I(NCX) was activated by extracellular Ca(2+), it was not significantly affected by 1 microM isoproterenol in guinea pig, mouse, or rat ventricular cells. We concluded that beta-adrenergic stimulation does not have significant effects on I(NCX) in guinea pig, mouse, or rat ventricular myocytes.
The Deep Space Network: A Radio Communications Instrument for Deep Space Exploration (1983)

The primary purpose of the Deep Space Network (DSN) is to serve as a communications instrument for deep space exploration, providing communications between the spacecraft and the ground facilities. The uplink communications channel provides instructions or commands to the spacecraft. The downlink communications channel provides command verification and spacecraft engineering and science instrument payload data.
Abstract B5: Cultural factors in obesity in African American women at increased risk for hereditary breast cancer (2008)

Abstract B5 Obesity is an important risk factor for breast cancer, which disproportionately affects African American women. For women who have a personal or family history of disease that is suggestive of hereditary cancer, obesity may be particularly problematic. However, empirical data are not available on rates and correlates of obesity in this population. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify factors having significant independent associations with obesity in African American women at increased risk for hereditary breast cancer. Subjects were 126 African American women who had a personal and/or family history of breast cancer that was suggestive of BRCA1/2 mutations. Obesity was determined by self-report during a structured telephone interview. Reproductive factors (e.g., age at menarche), cultural beliefs (e.g., temporal orientation), and cancer-specific distress were also evaluated during the telephone interview. Overall, 43% of women were obese. Women who had a younger age at menarche were about four times more likely to be obese compared to women who had their first menstrual period at an older age (OR=3.88, 95% CI=1.65, 9.15, p=0.002). Obesity was also associated with greater levels of present temporal orientation (OR=0.67, 95% CI=0.46, 0.99, p=0.05). Intrusive thoughts about cancer was marginally related to obesity (OR=1.46, 95% CI=0.99, 2.15, p=0.06). The results of this study suggest that attention to cultural factors should be given in programs designed to address obesity among African American women at increased risk for hereditary breast cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2008;1(7 Suppl):B5.
Engineered microtissue platforms for modeling human pathophysiology and drug metabolism (2013)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, 2013.
Die Haut mag’s bitter (2017)

Summary Bitterstoffrezeptoren gibt es nicht nur auf der Zunge, sondern vermutlich auch im gesamten Magen-Darm-Trakt und in allen extraintestinalen Organen. Bitterstoffe aus dem Gelben Enzian und der Weidenrinde binden an Bitterstoffrezeptoren der Haut. Sie beleben den Hautstoffwechsel und stärken die Hautbarriere, zum Beispiel bei Neurodermitis. In der Anthroposophischen Medizin wendet man Bitterstoffe innerlich zur Behandlung von sogenannten Leberdermatosen wie Akne oder Rosazea an.
Lead Poisoning Due to Adulterated Marijuana (2008)

Recently, 29 patients were admitted to four different hospitals in the greater Leipzig area with classic signs and symptoms of lead intoxication. Despite great efforts, the source of lead could not be identified. The patients eventually conceded that they were regular users of marijuana.
Emerging fibre technology for the petabit/s era (2015)

For the past 30 years communications research has focused on finding innovative ways of coding and multiplexing optical signals to unlock the maximum practical ~100Tbit/s/ capacity provided by single-mode optical fibre. However, cost-effective future scaling of network capacity may ultimately benefit from fibre solutions that can exploit multiple spatial modes within a single multimode-core, and/or multiple cores incorporated within the fibre cross-section to increase the per-fibre capacity. In this talk I will review progress towards realizing these new fibre types (along with the key component/subsystems required) and describe the necessary requirements for ultimate commercial deployment.
Tristetraprolin Down-Regulates IL-2 Gene Expression through AU-Rich Element-Mediated mRNA Decay (2005)

Posttranscriptional regulation of IL-2 gene expression at the level of mRNA decay is mediated by an AU-rich element (ARE) found in the 3'-untranslated region. We hypothesized that the ARE-binding protein tristetraprolin (TTP) regulates T lymphocyte IL-2 mRNA decay by interacting with the IL-2 ARE and targeting the transcript for decay. rTTP protein expressed in HeLa cells bound specifically to the IL-2 ARE with high affinity in a gel shift assay. In primary human T lymphocytes, TTP mRNA and protein expression were induced by TCR and CD28 coreceptor stimulation. Using a gel shift assay, we identified a cytoplasmic RNA-binding activity that was induced by TCR and CD28 coreceptor stimulation and bound specifically to the IL-2 ARE sequence. Using anti-TTP Abs, we showed by supershift that this inducible activity contained TTP. We also showed that insertion of the IL-2 ARE sequence into the 3'-untranslated region of a beta-globin reporter construct conferred TTP-dependent mRNA destabilization on the beta-globin reporter. To determine whether TTP also regulates IL-2 gene expression in vivo, we examined IL-2 expression in primary cells from wild-type and TTP knockout mice. Compared with their wild-type counterparts, TCR- and CD28-activated splenocytes and T cells from TTP knockout mice overexpressed IL-2 mRNA and protein. Also, IL-2 mRNA was more stable in activated splenocytes from TTP knockout mice compared with wild-type mice. Taken together, these data suggest that TTP functions to down-regulate IL-2 gene expression through ARE-mediated mRNA decay.
Chiral Mutagenesis of Insulin (2006)

Insulin contains a beta-turn (residues B20-B23) interposed between two receptor-binding elements, the central alpha-helix of the B chain (B9-B19) and its C-terminal beta-strand (B24-B28). The turn contains conserved glycines at B20 and B23. Although insulin exhibits marked conformational variability among crystal forms, these glycines consistently maintain positive phi dihedral angles within a classic type-I beta-turn. Because the Ramachandran conformations of GlyB20 and GlyB23 are ordinarily forbidden to L-amino acids, turn architecture may contribute to structure or function. Here, we employ "chiral mutagenesis," comparison of corresponding D- and L-Ala substitutions, to investigate this turn. Control substitutions are introduced at GluB21, a neighboring residue exhibiting a conventional (negative) phi angle. The D- and L-Ala substitutions at B23 are associated with a marked stereospecific difference in activity. Whereas the D-AlaB23 analog retains native activity, the L analog exhibits a 20-fold decrease in receptor binding. By contrast, D- and L-AlaB20 analogs each exhibit high activity. Stereospecific differences between the thermodynamic stabilities of the analogs are nonetheless more pronounced at B20 (delta deltaG(u) 2.0 kcal/mole) than at B23 (delta deltaG(u) 0.7 kcal/mole). Control substitutions at B21 are well tolerated without significant stereospecificity. Chiral mutagenesis thus defines the complementary contributions of these conserved glycines to protein stability (GlyB20) or receptor recognition (GlyB23).
SARS-CoV-2 and Its Variants in Thrice-Infected Health Workers: A Case Series from an Italian University Hospital (2022)

This case series confirms evidence of multiple reinfections with SARS-CoV-2, even from the same variant, in vaccinated HW. These results reinforce the need for continued infection-specific prevention measures in previously infected and reinfected HW.
Towards Universal Structure-Based Prediction of Class II MHC Epitopes for Diverse Allotypes (2010)

The binding of peptide fragments of antigens to class II MHC proteins is a crucial step in initiating a helper T cell immune response. The discovery of these peptide epitopes is important for understanding the normal immune response and its misregulation in autoimmunity and allergies and also for vaccine design. In spite of their biomedical importance, the high diversity of class II MHC proteins combined with the large number of possible peptide sequences make comprehensive experimental determination of epitopes for all MHC allotypes infeasible. Computational methods can address this need by predicting epitopes for a particular MHC allotype. We present a structure-based method for predicting class II epitopes that combines molecular mechanics docking of a fully flexible peptide into the MHC binding cleft followed by binding affinity prediction using a machine learning classifier trained on interaction energy components calculated from the docking solution. Although the primary advantage of structure-based prediction methods over the commonly employed sequence-based methods is their applicability to essentially any MHC allotype, this has not yet been convincingly demonstrated. In order to test the transferability of the prediction method to different MHC proteins, we trained the scoring method on binding data for DRB1*0101 and used it to make predictions for multiple MHC allotypes with distinct peptide binding specificities including representatives from the other human class II MHC loci, HLA-DP and HLA-DQ, as well as for two murine allotypes. The results showed that the prediction method was able to achieve significant discrimination between epitope and non-epitope peptides for all MHC allotypes examined, based on AUC values in the range 0.632-0.821. We also discuss how accounting for peptide binding in multiple registers to class II MHC largely explains the systematically worse performance of prediction methods for class II MHC compared with those for class I MHC based on quantitative prediction performance estimates for peptide binding to class II MHC in a fixed register.
Poster: A Vehicular Participant Recruiting Strategy for Improving Sensing Quality in Vehicular Crowdsensing (2019)

In vehicular crowdsensing (VCS) applications, vehicular participants should be carefully selected to meet the limited operation budget while providing sufficient quality of sensing. In this paper, we propose a matching based vehicular participant recruiting (MVP) strategy. The MVP strategy in-centivizes detouring vehicles to the target region, which allows the maximization of the sensing quality under the given VCS operation budget. The preliminary simulation results based on real traces demonstrate that MVP outperforms the existing vehicular crowdsensing strategy.
Compact, 4 x 4 InGaAsP-InP optical crossconnect with a scaleable architecture (1998)

An InP-InGaAsP 4/spl times/4 optical crossconnect occupying only 2/spl times/2 mm/sup 2/ was demonstrated by combining 16 1/spl times/2 optically amplified suppressed interference switches (OASIS) in a square array architecture. On/off ratios of 33/spl plusmn/4 dB were measured by a majority of these elements and fiber-to-fiber insertion loss of 3 dB was obtained using additional on-chip amplification stages.
Enhanced Surface Registration Techniques for Patient Positioning Control in Breast Cancer Radiotherapy (2004)

Experimental data, describing patient inter-fractional set-up errors in the clinical practice of breast radiotherapy, were exploited to simulate the performance in errors detection and correction of a constrained surface registration procedure, based on a hybrid configuration of control points (passive and laser). During 47 treatment sessions in three patients undergoing post-quadrantectomy radiotherapy, an opto-electronic localizer was used to acquire the three-dimensional coordinates of the hybrid control points, being two passive markers placed on selected skin landmarks on the sternum. Laser scanning technique was also applied for the acquisition of the 3-D surface model of the irradiated body area, which was used as reference for the automatic position correction procedure. A constrained surface registration algorithm was applied to estimate the rigid spatial transformation, describing the local errors affecting the control points. The improvement of the irradiation geometrical set-up, by correcting the patient position according to the estimated spatial transformation parameters, was simulated. Results showed that the proposed surface registration method allowed us to detect and significantly (Wilcoxon signed rank analysis) reduce the initial misalignments, which exhibited overall median and 75th percentile values equal to 4.26 mm and 5.76 mm. Simulated residual errors dropped down to median and 75th percentile values measuring 2.95 mm and 3.87 mm, respectively. These results confirmed the high potentiality of surface registration techniques for the opto-electronic automatic patient positioning control in breast cancer radiotherapy.