gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gamma‐globulin modulates growth of EBV‐derived B‐cell tumors in scid mice reconstituted with human lymphocytes (1993)

The effect of weekly gamma-globulin injection on the development of human B-cell tumors was studied in 120 mice with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). The mice were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with human peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 6 different Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-seropositive donors. Animals repopulated with cells from 5 donors received gamma-globulin or saline for 20 weeks and were followed up to 24 weeks after reconstitution. A delay in the appearance of fata EBV-derived human B-cell tumors was noticed in the gamma-globulin-treated groups as compared to the controls. In a separate experiment, the effect of gamma-globulin treatment during the initial 4 weeks after reconstitution was compared to treatment from week 5 to week 8 as well as to a continuous 20-week treatment. The results from this experiment showed that B-cell tumor growth could be prevented just as efficiently when the animals were treated only during the first 4 weeks. In contrast, no preventive effect was seen when the first gamma-globulin dose was given at the beginning of week 5 after reconstitution. Our results indicate that gamma-globulin reduces the frequency of EBV-derived B-cell tumor development and suggest that SCID mice repopulated with human cells represent a useful in vivo model for evaluation of the prophylactic and/or therapeutic effects of immunomodulatory treatments in lympho-proliferative disorders associated with immunosuppression.
Spin-state control of thermal and photochemical Bergman cyclization (2013)

Thermal Bergman cyclization of Pt(II) dialkynylporphyrins reveals a marked reduction in the cyclization temperature relative to the free base and Zn(II) derivatives. In contrast, photogenerated (3)ππ* population produces no detectable Bergman photocyclization, suggesting that the photoreactivities of the related free base and Zn(II) derivatives occurs via the (1)ππ* state.
V-22 Nacelle Conversion Actuator (1993)

A design outline is given of the actuator that rotates the engine and rotor nacelles on the V-22 aircraft. The actuator comprises a two-stage telescopic ballscrew that is driven either hydraulically from one end or electrically from the other. Requirements for structural redundancy, least weight, operation after any single failure and performance at low temperatures are shown to influence the choice of actuator configuration and the design of assemblies.
Influence of Ultrasonics on Some Metallurgical Processes (1967)

Ultrasonic energy applied to several metallurgical processes, exploring possible application to metal reinforcement
고객만족 경영이 b to b 영업성과에 미치는 매개된 영향 (2013)

본 연구의 목적은 실무에서 이미 보편화되어 있는 고객만족경영을 분명히 정의하고 이의 성과를 알아보는 것이다. 고객만족이란 이타성(altrusim)을 핵심가치로 하는 경영이기 때문에 기존경영과 달리 직접적으로 직무성과에 영향을 미치기보다는 여러 가지 매개된 영향을 통해서 성과에 영향을 미칠 것으로 보고 연구모형을 설계하였다. 이타적 사고나 행동을 할 때 사람들이 갖게 되는 긍정적 감정이나 행동인 공정성, 몰입, 만족, 시민행동 등을 매개변수로 선정했으며 이들 간의 인과적 순서는 합리적 행동이론에 근거하여 정했다. 매개된 연구모형을 검증한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 고객만족이란 이타성을 경영에 도입한 새로운 경영패러다임인 고객만족경영이 영업성과에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 따라서 우리나라 기업의 보이지 않는 경영자산으로 지속적으로 강조할 필요가 있다. 둘째, 이타성을 전제로 한 직원들의 긍정적 사고나 행동을 통해 좋은 성과를 가져오는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 따라서 고객만족경영의 효과는 직접적으로 나타나는 것이 아니라 매개변수를 통해서 간접적으로 나타난다고 볼 수 있다. 셋째, 집단성과보다 개인성과를 결과변수로 한 연구모형이 더 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 직원성과를 높이는 기존의 관리방식인 인센티브나 목표관리에 덧붙여 고객만족경영을 새로운 관리방식으로 볼 수 있다. 끝으로 산업특성이나 시장여건에 따라 고객만족경영의 영향이 다른 것으로 알고 있으나 환경특성은 조절적 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 따라서 고객만족경영은 어떤 시장상황에서도 유효하다.고 할 수 있다.
Locking the e-safe (1997)

A variety of cryptographic techniques are being used to minimize threats to electronic financial transactions. The explosion of the Internet has permitted even small merchants to sell goods and services to a worldwide market, yet it has also exposed them to the depredations of a large pool of attackers whose motives range from greed to boredom. Fear of these risks has created a demand for security features built directly into electronic commerce systems. The good news is that existing security mechanisms can be combined to minimize a wide range of threats to electronic commerce. Security isn't the only problem. European banks will soon have electronic stored value cards that are as good as cash. Forgetting the password for a stored value card could be as troublesome as losing a wallet. The mechanisms used to solve security problems can be divided into four areas-privacy, authentication, integrity, and scalability-though a single mechanism can often mitigate more than one kind of problem. The cornerstone of all privacy mechanisms is encryption. An encryption algorithm transforms a plaintext message into an unreadable ciphertext using a key. The correct key can reverse the process, permitting anyone who knows it to get the plaintext message.
Decision fusion in a wireless sensor network with a large number of sensors (2004)

Abstract – For a wireless sensor network (WSN) with a large number of sensors, a decision fusion rule using the total number of detections reported by local sensors for hypothesis testing, is proposed and studied. Based on a signal attenuation model where the received signal power decays as the distance from the target increases, the system level detection performance, namely proba-bilities of detection and false alarms, are derived and calculated. Without the knowledge of local sensors ’ performances and at low signal to noise ratio (SNR), this fusion rule can still achieve very good system level detection performance if the number of sensors is sufficiently large. The problem of designing an optimum local sensor level threshold is investigated. For various system parame-ters, the optimal thresholds are found numerically. Guidelines on selecting the optimal local threshold have been presented.
A blind source separation technique using second-order statistics (1997)

Separation of sources consists of recovering a set of signals of which only instantaneous linear mixtures are observed. In many situations, no a priori information on the mixing matrix is available: The linear mixture should be "blindly" processed. This typically occurs in narrowband array processing applications when the array manifold is unknown or distorted. This paper introduces a new source separation technique exploiting the time coherence of the source signals. In contrast with other previously reported techniques, the proposed approach relies only on stationary second-order statistics that are based on a joint diagonalization of a set of covariance matrices. Asymptotic performance analysis of this method is carried out; some numerical simulations are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Transcriptome profile of dendritic cells during malaria: cAMP regulation of IL-6 (2007)

Dendritic cells (DCs) have been proposed as mediators of immunity against malaria parasites, as well as a target for inhibition of cellular responses. Here we describe the transcriptomic analysis of spleen DCs in response to Plasmodium infection in a rodent model. We identified a high number of unique transcripts modulated in DCs upon infection. Many cellular functions suffer extensive genomic regulation including the cell cycle, the glycolysis and purine metabolism pathways and also defence responses. Only a small fraction of the regulated genes are coincident with the response induced by other pathogens, suggesting that Plasmodium induces a unique genetic re-programming of DCs. We confirmed regulation of a number of cytokines at the mRNA level including IL-6, IL-10 and IFN-gamma. We further dissected a signalling pathway regulating Plasmodium-induced expression of IL-6 by DCs, which is mediated by release of PGE2, increases in intracellular cAMP and activation of PKA and p38-MAPK.
Real-Time Measurement of Electronic Cigarette Aerosol Size Distribution and Metals Content Analysis (2016)

The e-cigarette aerosol size distribution is different from that of combustible tobacco smoke and typically exhibits a bimodal behavior with comparable number concentrations of nanoparticles and submicron particles. While vaping the e-cigarette, along with submicron particles the user is also inhaling nano-aerosol that consists of nanoparticles with attached chemicals that has not been fully investigated. The presence of high concentrations of nanoparticles requires nanotoxicological consideration in order to assess the potential health impact of e-cigarettes. The toxicological impact of inhaled nanoparticles could be significant, though not necessarily similar to the biomarkers typical of combustible tobacco smoke.
An experimental research on fusion algorithms of ETM&#x002B; image (2010)

Remote sensing image fusion can be use to highlight the thematic information, to eliminate or suppress irrelevant information, to improve the quality of image for target recognition, thereby increasing the reliability of interpretation and reduce ambiguity and improve the classification, to expand its application and effectiveness. Landsat-7 ETM+ image is applied aboard in various departments related to earth observation. It provides the 15m high special pan and 30m and 10m multi-spectral data, which can be fused to achieve both high spatial and spectral resolution in a single image. Seven pixel-level fusion algorithms of remote sensing images, Brovey Transform, Intensity-Hue-Saturation Transform(HIS), Principal Components Transform (PCA), Multiplication Transform (MLT), Smoothing Filer-Based Intensity Modulation Transform (SFIM), High-Pass Filer Transform (HPF), Wavelet-HIS Transform, have been used to fusion Landsat-7 ETM+ multi-spectral image and panchromatic image. And the seven fused images have been analyzed and evaluated by the amount of spectral information (mainly deviation index, spectral distortion and the correlation coefficient) and spatial information (mean, standard deviation and the information entropy) maintained in fused images. The results shown that when SFIM fusion model was used, both spectral distortion degree of fused images (8.9182) and deviation index (0.0004) were much smaller than that of the others, which indicated that maintenance of the spectral characteristics of multi-spectral images was good. And the correlation coefficient is the second high (0.6376), indicating that there is big similarity between the fused images and original multi-spectral images. The standard deviation (19.0427) and information entropy (6.1297) of the fused images is big which indicated there is a larger amount of information in them. Overall, SFIM fusion model is simple and easy to implement, with low time-consuming, small distortion and rich spatial information. SFIM fusion model has the best quality both spatially and spectrally in fusion algorithms of ETM+ Image.
Comparison of Protein Sulfation in Control and Virus-Transformed Baby Hamster Kidney Cells1 (1984)

Protein sulfation in baby hamster kidney cells (BHK) and their polyoma virus transformants (PY-BHK) was studied comparatively. On in vivo labeling, [35S]-sulfate was incorporated into the 50K protein and proteins in the 100-180K range, represented by the 155K protein. The incorporation into both the 50K and 155K protein was elevated 2-3 fold in PY-BHK cells compared to in BHK cells. Tyrosine-O-sulfate was the only identifiable sulfated amino acid in both proteins. On in vitro labeling with [35S]3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS), at least 6 radioactive protein bands were discernible on gel electrophoresis. Of these, sulfation of the 57K and 60K proteins was elevated in PY-BHK cells compared to in BHK cells, whereas sulfation of the 39K protein was depressed in PY-BHK cells. Tyrosine-O-sulfate was the only identifiable sulfated amino acid in these proteins.
Nonnegative Matrix and Tensor Factorizations: Applications to Exploratory Multi-way Data Analysis and Blind Source Separation (2009)

This book provides a broad survey of models and efficient algorithms for Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF). This includes NMFs various extensions and modifications, especially Nonnegative Tensor Factorizations (NTF) and Nonnegative Tucker Decompositions (NTD). NMF/NTF and their extensions are increasingly used as tools in signal and image processing, and data analysis, having garnered interest due to their capability to provide new insights and relevant information about the complex latent relationships in experimental data sets. It is suggested that NMF can provide meaningful components with physical interpretations; for example, in bioinformatics, NMF and its extensions have been successfully applied to gene expression, sequence analysis, the functional characterization of genes, clustering and text mining. As such, the authors focus on the algorithms that are most useful in practice, looking at the fastest, most robust, and suitable for large-scale models. Key features: Acts as a single source reference guide to NMF, collating information that is widely dispersed in current literature, including the authors own recently developed techniques in the subject area. Uses generalized cost functions such as Bregman, Alpha and Beta divergences, to present practical implementations of several types of robust algorithms, in particular Multiplicative, Alternating Least Squares, Projected Gradient and Quasi Newton algorithms. Provides a comparative analysis of the different methods in order to identify approximation error and complexity. Includes pseudo codes and optimized MATLAB source codes for almost all algorithms presented in the book. The increasing interest in nonnegative matrix and tensor factorizations, as well as decompositions and sparse representation of data, will ensure that this book is essential reading for engineers, scientists, researchers, industry practitioners and graduate students across signal and image processing; neuroscience; data mining and data analysis; computer science; bioinformatics; speech processing; biomedical engineering; and multimedia.
Mechanisms of aminoglycoside resistance of anaerobic bacteria and facultative bacteria grown anaerobically (1981)

An Escherichia coli strain without respiratory quinones (Q − ) did not transport aminoglycosides whereas transport occurred in that strain when quinone sufficient or in an isogenic quinone-sufficient transductant. Phenazine methosulphate and ascorbate stimulated gentamicin uptake in Q − bacteria including Clostridium perfringens . All of this uptake was retained under anaerobic conditions or in the presence of 1 mM KCN. Phenazine methosulphate and ascorbate also increased gentamicin uptake in quinone-sufficient bacteria and most of this was resistant to inhibition by anaerobiosis or 1 mM KCN. Gentamicin uptake was measured at five values of proton motive force utilizing varying external K + concentrations and valinomycin-treated Bacillus subtilis . Preliminary results showed that gentamicin uptake increased with membrane potential (Δ ψ ). A minimal value of Δ ψ appeared necessary before gentamicin uptake was initiated. A preliminary value of Δ ψ for Cl. perfringens was determined for growing cells at pH 6.2 and was 137 mV. We conclude that a quinone oxidation-reduction cycle is needed to transport aminoglycosides. Resistance of anaerobic bacteria or facultative bacteria grown anaerobically results from an absence or low activity of the quinone cycle and/or a low or absent membrane potential (Δ ψ ).
A speech feature based on Bark frequency warping-the non-uniform linear prediction (NLP) cepstrum (2003)

We propose a new method of obtaining features from speech signals for robust analysis and recognition-the non-uniform linear prediction (NLP) cepstrum. The objective is to derive a representation that suppresses speaker-dependent characteristics while preserving the linguistic quality of speech segments. The analysis is based on two principles. First, Bark frequency warping is performed on the LP spectrum to emulate the auditory spectrum. While widely used methods such as the mel-frequency and PLP analysis use the FFT spectrum as its basis for warping, the NLP analysis uses the LP-based vocal-tract spectrum with glottal effects removed. Second, all-pole modeling (LP) is used before and after the warping. The pre-warp LP is used to first obtain the vocal-tract spectrum, while the post-warp LP is performed to obtain a smoothed, two-peak model of the warped spectrum. Experiments were conducted to test the effectiveness of the proposed feature in the case of identification/discrimination of vowels uttered by multiple speakers using linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and frame-based vowel recognition with a statistical model. In both cases, the NLP analysis was shown to be an effective tool for speaker-independent speech analysis/recognition applications.
CARBON DIOXIDE EXCHANGE IN LICHENS. (1981)

SUMMARY Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) exchange of Sticta latifrons Rich, was studied using an infrared gas analyzer. Slight differences in the relationship between net photosynthetic rate (NPR) and water content were found when thalli were dried by using air directed solely onto the upper or lower surfaces. Further studies using a simple split chamber which allowed separate analysis of the CO 2 exchange of upper and lower thallus surfaces demonstrated that the vast majority of CO 2 exchanged through the lower surface. The results provide strong circumstantial evidence for the suggestion that cyphellae act as air pores and the possible importance of such pores in the water relations of the species is discussed.
The mobility of the superficial and deep midfacial fat compartments: An ultrasound‐based investigation (2021)

The results obtained are in line with previous cadaveric investigations and revealed, in a highly statistically significant fashion, that the superficial midfacial fat compartments move in cranial direction whereas the deep fat compartment did not display similar positional changes. These results help to guide facial injectable treatments and to understand why, in the midface, a deep supraperiosteal approach should be favored when augmenting the deep midfacial fat compartments.
An End-to-End Goal-Oriented Dialog System with a Generative Natural\n Language Response Generation (2018)

Recently advancements in deep learning allowed the development of end-to-end\ntrained goal-oriented dialog systems. Although these systems already achieve\ngood performance, some simplifications limit their usage in real-life\nscenarios.\n In this work, we address two of these limitations: ignoring positional\ninformation and a fixed number of possible response candidates. We propose to\nuse positional encodings in the input to model the word order of the user\nutterances. Furthermore, by using a feedforward neural network, we are able to\ngenerate the output word by word and are no longer restricted to a fixed number\nof possible response candidates. Using the positional encoding, we were able to\nachieve better accuracies in the Dialog bAbI Tasks and using the feedforward\nneural network for generating the response, we were able to save computation\ntime and space consumption.\n
Highly productive ester crosslinkable composite hollow fiber membranes for aggressive natural gas separations (2012)

Despite intrinsically high separation performance, conventional polymeric membranes suffer from CO₂ induced plasticization, which reduces CO₂/CH₄ separation efficiency significantly. Covalent ester-crosslinking can improve the plasticization resistance by controlling the segmental chain mobility in the polymer; however, only relatively thick selective skin layers and lower separation productivity have been reported to date. On the other hand, the high cost of crosslinkable polymers makes the approach challenging, especially for large-scale gas separations which require large membrane areas with high feed pressures. Dual-layer hollow fiber spinning can be used to reduce the cost of membrane production by integrating a low-cost supporting core polymer with the expensive crosslinkable sheath polymer. However, the complexity of interfacial interaction between the sheath/core layers and subsequent crosslinking required can delaminate the sheath/core layers and collapse the core layer polymer. This can reduce mechanical strength and the separation productivity significantly. This work aimed to develop thin-skinned high-performing ester-crosslinked hollow fiber membranes with improved CO₂ plasticization resistance. The skin layer thickness of hollow fibers was first optimized by simultaneous optimization of the polymer dope and spinning process variables. Moreover, this study also addresses the solutions of challenging in transitioning the monolithic hollow fiber to composite hollow fiber format. The ester-crosslinked hollow fibers were subjected to high feed pressures and high-level contaminants to probe their CO₂ plasticization and hydrocarbon antiplasticization resistance, respectively. The resultant ester-crosslinked monolithic hollow fibers show significantly reduced skin layer thickness and improved separation productivity under extremely challenging operation conditions. They also demonstrate strong stability under high feed pressures and reversibility after contaminant exposure. Moreover, this study presents a newly discovered core layer material, Torlon®, which demonstrates excellent compatibility with the crosslinkable polymer and superior thermal stability during crosslinking without sheath/core layer delamination or collapse. The characterization under aggressive feed conditions clearly suggests that ester-crosslinked composite hollow fibers can achieve high separation performance and reduce membrane cost simultaneously. This provides a significant advance in state of the art for natural gas separations under realistic operation environments
Characterization of x-ray phase vortices by ptychographic coherent diffractive imaging (2014)

We have characterized the x-ray phase vortices generated at the focal spot of various spiral Fresnel zone plates with an outermost zone width of Δr=50 nm. The complex-valued wavefields of phase vortices as small as 50 nm in size (FWHM) and several topological charges were reconstructed using ptychographic coherent diffractive imaging. The reconstructed focal spots demonstrate good agreement with the theoretically expected wavefields and diffraction-limited focusing.
Performance Analysis of a Vector DLL Based GPS Receiver (2012)

For a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver, it is known that a Vector Delay Locked Loop (DLL) in which the code signals of each satellite are tracked in parallel by using navigation results shows better performance in the aspect of the tracking accuracy and the robustness than that of a Scalar DLL. However, the quantitative analysis and the logical grounds for that performance enhancement of the Vector DLL are not sufficient. This paper, therefore, proposes the structure of the GPS receiver with the Vector DLL and analyzes the performance of it. The tracking and the positioning accuracy of the Vector DLL are theoretically analyzed and confirmed by simulation results. From the simulation results, it can be seen that the tracking and positioning accuracy has been improved about 30% in case that the receiver is static and the positioning is conducted for every Pre-detection Integration Time (PIT) while C/N0 is 45 dB-Hz.