gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exploiting the Finite-Alphabet Property for Cooperative Relays (2006)

We consider, in this paper, the design of a cooperative relay strategy by exploiting the finite-alphabet property of the source. Assuming a single source-sink pair with L relay nodes all communicating in orthogonal channels, we derive necessary conditions for optimal relay signaling that minimizes the error probability at the sink node. The derived conditions allow us to construct an iterative algorithm to find the distributed relay signaling that is at least locally optimal. As a byproduct, one can show that the so-called decode-and-forward (DF) relay scheme does not satisfy the necessary condition hence is not optimal in its error probability performance. Indeed, numerical examples show that the proposed scheme provides substantial performance improvement over both DF and the amplify-and-forward approach.
Recent developments and trends in bipolar analog arrays (1987)

Recent developments in bipolar analog arrays are reviewed. The use of tiles, their characteristics, and impact on design is evaluated. The progression from breadboarding to computer-aided simulation of array circuits with sophisticated transistor models is discussed. Design layout tools and functional libraries for the user are also reviewed in terms of their importance to analog array design. The increased use of arrays has revealed new problems and responses to them are discussed. Limitations of analog arrays with respect to full custom IC design are delineated. The paper concludes with a short discussion of future trends.
Synthesis and Cellular Pharmacology Studies of a Series of 2-amino-3-aroyl-4-substituted Thiophene Derivatives (2010)

Microtubules are dynamic structures that play a crucial role in cellular division and are recognized as an important target for cancer therapy. In search of new compounds with strong antiproliferative activity and simple molecular structure, we have synthesized four different series of compounds in which different substituents were linked to the 4- or 5-position of the 2-amino-3-(3',4',5'-trimethoxybenzoyl) thiophene system. When these compounds were analyzed in vitro for their inhibition of cell proliferation, the 4-aryl substituted derivatives had little activity. In contrast, the presence of a methylene, oxymethyl, aminomethyl or methylenepiperazino moiety between the aryl and the 4-position of the thiophene ring resulted in statistically significant improvement in activity relative to the 4-aryl substituted derivatives. It is noteworthy that the antiproliferative effects of the synthesized compounds were more pronounced against human Molt/4 and CEM as compared with murine L1210 and FM3A cells. The effects of a selected series of compounds on cell cycle progression correlated well with their strong antiproliferative activity and inhibition of tubulin polymerization. We found that the antiproliferative effects of the most active compounds were associated with increase of the proportion of cells in the G2/M and sub-G1 phases of the cell cycle. The structure-activity relationships observed in the series of compounds described here should permit the design of more active molecules.
Fast Searching by Content in Multimedia Databases. (1995)

Specific circulating miRNAs expression signature may have the potential to differentially diagnose immune-mediated neuroinflammatory diseases.
Three dimensional optical trapping using plural optical fibers (2002)

Summary form only. We have already developed an optical fiber trapping system, which was most economical and much simpler to operate as compared with other embodiments, and verified that a micro object could be trapped by a single laser beam from an optical fiber end inserted at an angle to a sample chamber. Micro object could be manipulated to the forward and backward, or right and left directions synchronized to the optical fiber. However we could not levitate a micro object against the gravity by the single laser beam from an optical fiber end. When we moved the optical fiber in the upward direction using an xyz manipulator, the micro object was transferred to the horizontal direction and trapped at the point where the x-directed (horizontal) optical forces were precisely balanced. In this paper, optical levitation of a transparent particle using plural optical fibers was successfully demonstrated and discussed.
A review onin vitro/in vivoresponse of additively manufactured Ti–6Al–4V alloy (2022)

Bone replacement using porous and solid metallic implants, such as Ti-alloy implants, is regarded as one of the most practical therapeutic approaches in biomedical engineering. The bone is a complex tissue with various mechanical properties based on the site of action. Patient-specific Ti-6Al-4V constructs may address the key needs in bone treatment for having customized implants that mimic the complex structure of the natural tissue and diminish the risk of implant failure. This review focuses on the most promising methods of fabricating such patient-specific Ti-6Al-4V implants using additive manufacturing (AM) with a specific emphasis on the popular subcategory, which is powder bed fusion (PBF). Characteristics of the ideal implant to promote optimized tissue-implant interactions, as well as physical, mechanical/chemical treatments and modifications will be discussed. Accordingly, such investigations will be classified into 3B-based approaches (Biofunctionality, Bioactivity, and Biostability), which mainly govern native body response and ultimately the success in implantation.
Improved Glucose Regulation on a Low Carbohydrate Diet in Diabetic Rats Transplanted with Macroencapsulated Porcine Islets (2008)

Islet xenografts from porcine donors can reverse diabetes in experimental animal models and may be an alternative to human islet transplantation. We have recently reported the ability of porcine islets encapsulated in a double layer of hydrophilic agarose to maintain in vitro functional ability for >6 months. Although beta-cells are capable of adapting their secretory capacity in response to glucose levels, evidence has shown that prolonged hyperglycemia can compromise this ability. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of diet manipulation on the long-term regulation of blood glucose levels, and the preservation of functional islet in the macrobeads. Twenty-one streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar-Furth male rats were randomly assigned to two diets containing 64% carbohydrate (CHO) or 20% CHO. Groups of five to six animals assigned to either diet were implanted with either empty (EM) or porcine islet-containing macrobeads (PIM) and followed for 333 days. Observations included general condition, body weight, blood glucose, and food and water intakes. Monthly blood samples were collected for insulin and C-peptide analysis. The 20% CHO diet significantly lowered blood glucose values when compared with those of the 64% CHO groups for both the empty (14.94 +/- 0.41 vs. 16.26 +/- 0.42 mmol/L, respectively, p < 0.001) and islet macrobead recipients (12.88 +/- 0.39 vs. 15.57 +/-0.85 mmol/L, respectively, p <0.001). The different diets, however, had no statistically significant effects on the preservation of islet mass in the macrobead. Serum porcine C-peptide was detected throughout the experiment in animals receiving porcine islet macrobeads, regardless of diet. Diabetic rats fed a low carbohydrate level diet and transplanted with porcine islet macrobeads had improved total tissue glucose disposal and improved clinical parameters associated with diabetes.
An L-band ultrasonic probe using polymer optical fibre (2019)

In recent years, Polymer optical fibre (POF) has been receiving increasing attention for sensing applications. For applications such as endoscopic ultrasound and photo-acoustics, PMMA polymer fibres deliver ever improving performance and more types of polymer are being trialled for these applications. The fundamental properties of POF, when correctly leveraged, deliver at least an order of magnitude in improvements over silica fibres. POF delivers lower acoustic impedance, a reduced Young's Modulus and a higher acoustic sensitivity within the megahertz region. In contrast, existing piezo-electric transducers have an inherent narrow acoustic bandwidth and a proportionality to size that causes difficulties for applications such as endoscopy within the biomedical domain. With the increasing take-up of POF, improvements have been made in fibre dopant distribution, the range of polymers available and connectorisation techniques. While newer polymer fibres are under preliminary study, PMMA has shown itself to be the most sensitive fibre to date despite historically higher levels of dopant inconsistency and an implementation around 830 nm that has a lower signal-to-noise ratio than possible. The prior approach of edge filtering a Bragg grating with a high speed photodiode has been shown to function and is therefore maintained. We present a step index PMMA Bragg grating ultrasonic probe in the L-band for the first time. Detection is achieved using a Bragg grating less than 1cm in length in a fibre under 10cm long. We examine the temporal and frequency response of the sensor over a 1-15 MHz range.
Case report - Valves Rescue mitral valve repair one hour after birth (2010)

Congenital mitral regurgitation is rare and usually part of complex cardiac anomalies. When needed, early surgery represents a great challenge. In small babies avoiding valve replacement is desirable, but valve repair may be extremely complex. We describe an isolated congenital mitral regurgitation, successfully treated with conservative surgery about 1 h after birth. In a 30-year-old pregnant woman, fetal echocardiography revealed mitral annular dilatation with massive regurgitation, functional aortic atresia and a very small patent foramen ovale. Realizing that the baby had a poor chance of survival after birth, a cesarean section was scheduled at 37 weeks of pregnancy. The procedure was performed in the operating room next to the cardiac surgery theatre, where the newborn was urgently transferred. After an unsuccessful attempt of percutaneous atrial septostomy, a rescue surgical mitral repair was performed. To avoid mitral replacement, moderate residual regurgitation was accepted. Postoperative hospital stay was 57 days and the baby was discharged in good clinical condition. Residual mitral regurgitation was moderate at discharge and decreased thereafter. During a five-year follow-up the child remained asymptomatic with normal growth. Preserved ventricular function and progressive volume reduction of left heart chambers were observed. 2010 Published by European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. All rights reserved.
New Chiral Porphyrins—Syntheses and Molecular Recognition of Amino Acid Esters (1993)

A three-point interaction important for chiral recognition is possible with the Zn complexes of the new porphyrins of type 1. Coordination to the metal atom, hydrogen bonding, and steric repulsion contribute to ligand–receptor binding between amino acid esters and Zn porphyrins.
Inductive grid filters for rejection of infrared radiation (2004)

Abstract Inductive grid filters are metallic mesh structures, which reject long wavelengths but transmit short wavelengths. Our interest is in filters with the rejection cut-off at around 1 μm. In this region the finite conductivity of metals must be considered. An extensive theoretical investigation is carried out by rigorous diffraction theory to determine the best choice of metal and the influence of the grid parameters on the spectral transmittance of the filter. Experimental results with nickel and gold grids fabricated on dielectric substrates are presented. Their fabrication process involves thin-film deposition, electron beam lithography, reactive ion etching and electroplating. The optical characterization results performed with spectrophotometry are in reasonable agreement with the theoretical predictions.
Blade Tip Heat Transfer and Aerodynamics in a Large Scale Turbine Cascade With Moving Endwall (2011)

High resolution Nusselt number distributions were measured on the blade tip surface of a large, 1.0 m chord, low-speed cascade representative of a high-pressure turbine. Data were obtained at a Reynolds number of 4.0×105 based on exit velocity and blade axial chord. Tip clearance levels ranged from 0.56% to 1.68% design span or equally from 1% to 3% of the blade chord. An infrared camera, looking through the hollow blade, made detailed temperature measurements on a constant heat flux tip surface. The relative motion between the endwall and the blade tip was simulated by a moving belt. The moving belt endwall significantly shifts the region of high Nusselt number distribution and reduces the overall averaged Nusselt number on the tip surface by up to 13.3%. The addition of a suction side squealer tip significantly reduced local tip heat transfer and resulted in a 32% reduction in averaged Nusselt number. Analysis of pressure measurements on the blade airfoil surface and tip surface along with particle image velocimetry velocity flow fields in the gap gives an understanding of the heat transfer mechanism.
Systematic Identification of Methyllysine-Driven Interactions for Histone and Nonhistone Targets (2010)

An important issue in epigenetic research is to understand how the numerous methylation marks associated with histone and certain nonhistone proteins are recognized and interpreted by the hundreds of chromatin-binding modules (CBMs) in a cell to control chromatin state, gene expression, and other cellular functions. We have assembled a peptide chip that represents known and putative lysine methylation marks on histones and p53 and probed the chip for binding to a group of CBMs to obtain a comprehensive interaction network mediated by lysine methylation. Interactions revealed by the peptide array screening were validated by in-solution binding assays. This study not only recapitulated known interactions but also uncovered new ones. A novel heterochromatin protein 1 beta (HP1β) chromodomain-binding site on histone H3, H3K23me, was discovered from the peptide array screen and subsequently verified by mass spectrometry. Data from peptide pull-down and colocalization in cells suggest that, besides the H3K9me mark, H3K23me may play a role in facilitating the recruitment of HP1β to the heterochromatin. Extending the peptide array and mass spectrometric approach presented here to more histone marks and CBMs would eventually afford a comprehensive specificity and interaction map to aid epigenetic studies.
Cationic phosphonium carbyne and bis(phosphonium) carbene tungsten complexes: [Tp'(OC)2WC(PMe3)n][PF6] (n = 1, 2) (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCationic phosphonium carbyne and bis(phosphonium) carbene tungsten complexes: [Tp'(OC)2WC(PMe3)n][PF6] (n = 1, 2)A. E. Bruce, A. S. Gamble, T. L. Tonker, and J. L. TempletonCite this: Organometallics 1987, 6, 6, 1350–1352Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00149a036https://doi.org/10.1021/om00149a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views211Altmetric-Citations51LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Evaluation of the Potential of High-Temperature, Low-Salinity Polymer Flood for the Gao-30 Reservoir in the Huabei Oilfield, China: Experimental and Reservoir Simulation Results (2015)

Abstract This paper summarizes the laboratory and simulation studies conducted to evaluate the potential of low-salinity polymer flood for the Gao-30 reservoir in Huabei Oilfield, China which has a high reservoir temperature of 113°C, moderate formation salinity of 9,000 ppm total dissolved solids and in-situ oil viscosity of 25 cP. Our studies have identified GL-100, a specially designed rigid structure modified polyacrylamide, as a polymer candidate for the Gao-30 reservoir because it exhibits adequate thermal stability and acceptable injectivity. Laboratory results show that for GL-100, low-salinity brine has the dual benefits of improved thermal stability and higher viscosity compared to formation brine. Spontaneous imbibition experiments using Gao-30 core plugs show that secondary mode imbibition by softened formation brine recovers more oil than imbibition by formation brine. In addition, significant incremental oil recovery was observed with injection of low-salinity polymer into a heterogeneous Gao-30 core, compared with formation water flooding. Corefloods in secondary mode were conducted with low-salinity and formation brines. Results were history matched to obtain the relative permeability and capillary pressure curves. These results and laboratory measured polymer rheology and adsorption were used as input into reservoir simulations to forecast benefits of low-salinity polymer flood in two pilot locations chosen from full field history matching of 20 years of waterflood in the Gao-30 reservoir. Reservoir simulations were run to compare the incremental oil recovery resulting from injection of various slug sizes of formation-salinity polymer and low-salinity polymer. Our simulations only considered the increase in viscosity due to polymer and the improvement of thermal stability of polymer in low-salinity brine. Low-salinity chemical effects through changes in the relative permeability curves were not included. Results show that injection of 0.3 PV formation-salinity polymer and low-salinity polymer gives incremental oil recovery of 9% and 13%, respectively, compared to formation-salinity waterflood. Preliminary economic evaluations show that formation-salinity polymer flood based on 0.3 PV of 1800 ppm GL-100 to be economical in Gao-30 reservoir based on economics of on-going polymer projects in China. The additional 4% incremental oil obtained by tuning the brine composition (the low-salinity effect) may be economical, especially if it is achieved through softened brine instead of low-salinity brine.
Transient photocapacitance and photocurrent studies of undoped hydrogenated amorphous silicon (1988)

We have applied transient photocapacitance and transient junction photocurrent measurements to the study of undoped hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) films, and find that the electronic optical transition from the dominant deep defect is very similar in energy to the D−→D0+e optical transition identified in n-type doped a:Si:H films. In addition, we have observed a competing hole thermal transition, and we have obtained estimates of its thermal emission rate and of the thermal gap. We have used the difference between photocapacitance and photocurrent in the valence-band tail region to determine the quantity (μτ)hNT at different temperatures. Finally, we have observed that light-induced metastable defects have a hole capture cross section significantly larger than that of the intrinsic defects.
Patterns, Receptors, and Signals: Regulation of Phagosome Maturation (2017)

Recognition of microbial pathogens and dead cells and their phagocytic uptake by specialized immune cells are essential to maintain host homeostasis. Phagosomes undergo fusion and fission events with endosomal and lysosomal compartments, a process called 'phagosome maturation', which leads to the degradation of the phagosomal content. However, many phagocytic cells also act as antigen-presenting cells and must balance degradation and peptide preservation. Emerging evidence indicates that receptor engagement by phagosomal cargo, as well as inflammatory mediators and cellular activation affect many aspects of phagosome maturation. Unsurprisingly, pathogens have developed strategies to hijack this machinery, thereby interfering with host immunity. Here, we highlight progress in this field, summarize findings on the impact of immune signals, and discuss consequences for pathogen elimination.
3D Printing of Plain and Gradient Cermets with Efficient Use of Raw Materials (2019)

3D printing of plastic materials is very popular nowadays, while printing of wear resistant hard materials is still an issue. Gradient or functionally graded structures are providing improved performance in impact-abrasive application (tunnelling, geothermal drilling, mining, etc.) through the optimal positioning of areas providing high wear resistance and high resistance against impacts. However, printing of such structures by widely used powder bed selective laser sintering leads to the high consumption of raw materials (powders) that cannot be used again for next printing. A method to overcome this problem is explored in current work. The cermets were produced from following powders: (1) commercial, (2) obtained by disintegration of cutting tool inserts (recycled) and (3) reused recycled ones. Tungsten and cobalt used for the production of the majority of cermets are critical raw materials and their consumption should be reduced while the rate of recycling needs to be increased. The surfaces were studied with the help of optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy. The hardness and wear rate of samples in abrasive conditions were measured.
Molecular mechanisms underlying the sensing of extracellular Ca2+ by parathyroid and kidney cells (1995)

Mineral ion homeostasis in mammalian species is maintained by a complex mechanism comprising sensors of the extracellular calcium concentration (Ca2+0) (i.e. parathyroid cells) as well as effectors that modify their translocation of mineral ions into and out of the extracellular fluid (e.g. kidney) in response to calciotropic hormones. Indirect evidence accumulated over the past decade suggested that parathyroid cells sense Ca2+0 through a cell surface receptor coupled to intracellular second messenger systems via one or more guanine nucleotide regulatory (G) proteins. More recently, Brown et al. employed expression cloning in Xenopus laevis oocytes to isolate a cDNA encoding a Ca2+0-sensing receptor from bovine parathyroid. The expressed receptor activates phospholipase C in a G-protein dependent manner and shows pharmacological properties almost identical to those of the native parathyroid receptor. Agonists for the receptor include not only divalent cations (e.g. Ca2+ and Mg2+) but also trivalent cations and even organic polycations such as neomycin. The deduced amino acid sequence of the cloned receptor confirms that it is a member of the superfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors. Receptor transcripts are present in parathyroid as well as in kidney, thyroid and brain. Therefore, this receptor may mediate the sensing of Ca2+0 not only by parathyroid cells but also by other tissues directly regulated by Ca2+0 (e.g. the thyroidal C cells and certain kidney cells) as well as those not currently known to be involved in calcium homeostasis (viz. in the brain).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)