gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Exposure Misclassification on Regression Analyses of Epidemiologic Follow-Up Study Data (1991)

In epidemiologic studies, subjects are often misclassified as to their level of exposure. Ignoring this misclassification error in the analysis introduces bias in the estimates of certain parameters and invalidates many hypothesis tests. For situations in which there is misclassification of exposure in a follow-up study with categorical data, we have developed a model that permits consideration of any number of exposure categories and any number of multiple-category covariates. When used with logistic and Poisson regression procedures, this model helps assess the potential for bias when misclassification is ignored. When reliable ancillary information is available, the model can be used to correct for misclassification bias in the estimates produced by these regression procedures.
Different Moderators of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on Subjective and Objective Binge Eating in Bulimia Nervosa and Binge Eating Disorder: A Three-Year Follow-Up Study (2011)

Eating psychopathology, psychiatric comorbidity, impulsivity and emotional eating have a different pattern of association with objective and subjective binge eating in BN and BED patients, and they act as different moderators of treatment. A different target of intervention for these two syndromes might be taken into account, and subjective binge eating deserves an accurate assessment.
PRODUCTION OF BERYLLIUM SHEETS FINISHED FLAT TO GAUGE. PHASE II. Progress Report No. 2 for February 1, 1958 to April 30, 1958 (1959)

An evaluation made of the rolling characteristics and the physical properties in sheet form of various types of sintered beryllium and a beryllium casting are described. The relation of grain size, BeO content, and basal-plane orientation to tensile properties is shown. A discussion of the effect of such rolling variables as reduction per pass and unidirectional and bidirectional reduction ratios on properties and rolling success is given. A study of pack- rolling technique, including cladding materials, parting compounds, and pack design, is described. Bare-rolling experiments, straightening technique, and characteristics of the first sheet delivered on this project are discussed. (auth)
Factors affecting transfer of experimental autoimmune thyroiditis in rats. (1973)

Actively induced experimental autoimmune thyroiditis in inbred Lewis rats was comparable using standard Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) and Perrin's modification of FCA. However, adoptively transferred disease using lymph node cells from rats immunized with Perrin's FCA was significantly more severe. With this adjuvant, and pertussis vaccine as co-adjuvant, transfer was uniformly successful when at least 480 × 10(6) lymph node cells were taken 10 days after immunization and recipients were killed 3 days after transfer. Lymphocytic infiltrates were seen in recipient thyroids as early as 18 hours after transfer. Whole body irradiation of the recipients at 550 r reduced the severity of transferred disease. The frequency and severity of lesions were higher when the lymph node cells were first incubated with low doses of antigen. Thymectomy of the recipients decreased the severity of transferred disease. Under the conditions tested, transfer of disease could not be accomplished by antiserum alone, even using thyroidectomized donors. Administration of an early immune serum with sensitized lymph node cells significantly depressed the severity of transferred disease, while a late antiserum increased it.
Development of Component Skills in Reading Chinese (1993)

Development of three component skills in reading Chinese was examined in primary school children in Hong Kong. Feature analysis skills, syntax knowledge, and semantic analysis skills were found to differ in their contribution to reading proficiency at different grades. Visual processing skill was not at all a good predictor for reading proficiency, but the phonological access skill was important in predicting children's reading proficiency before grade three. It was an ineffective predictor beyond grade three. Skill in semantic analysis, on the other hand, was insignificant as a predictor at younger grades but it became an important predictor after grade two. Syntax knowledge was an important predictor of reading proficiency in the first grade and remained a significant predictor of reading proficiency right up to grade six. The present data support the idea that some preliminary component processes of reading may become automatic with increasing experience in reading and that this automatization of component processes will leave more resource capacity for higher‐order analyses. Chinese reading shares much in common with English reading in terms of the component processes involved at different stages of reading proficiency.
A thermostable, chromatographically purified Ebola nano-VLP vaccine (2015)

We showed that Ebola virus-like particles can be reduced in size to a more amenable range for manipulation, and that these smaller particles retained their temperature stability, the structure of the GP antigen, and the ability to stimulate a protective immune response in mice. We developed a new purification scheme for "nano-VLP" that is more easily scaled up and filterable. The product could also be made thermostable by lyophilization, which is highly significant for vaccines used in tropical countries without a reliable "cold-chain" of refrigeration.
Collective Field Theory of Ideal Anyon Gas (1995)

It is shown that the uniform ground state of ideal anyon gas can be constructed in the large-N collective field formalism and the excitation spectrum is given. It indicates that the system has a massless mode. In this treatment we employ a new set of gauge invariant variables to bypass the singularity which inevitably exists in the conventional density-phase variables. We also discuss the system of anyons including the delta function potential. The collective solution corresponding to Jackiw and Pi soliton is constructed.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclic 1,2‐Diketones as Building Blocks for Asymmetric Synthesis of Cycloalkenones. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Abstract 264: Inhibiting Fibronectin Improves Cardiac Function in a Mouse Model of Heart Failure (2016)

Heart failure (HF) is a devastating disease with poor prognosis. Hallmarks of HF include pathological fibrosis, remodeling and reduced function. In response to cardiac injury, cardiac fibroblasts (CF) undergo pathologic transition to a myofibroblast (MF) phenotype, characterized by excess production of collagen and other myocardial extracellular matrix (ECM) components, thus exacerbating HF. The ECM protein fibronectin (FN) plays an essential role in pathologic remodeling of the ECM in HF. FN polymerization tightly regulates the assembly of collagens and promotes cell proliferation, growth, migration and contractility. We hypothesize that inhibiting FN polymerization utilizing novel peptides will attenuate cardiac remodeling by limiting CF activation and fibrosis. To investigate this hypothesis, we administered daily injections of the FN polymerization inhibitory peptide pUR4 into wild type animals after ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury for 1 week, and hearts were harvested 4 weeks post-IR. Mice receiving pUR4 demonstrated significant improvement in cardiac function compared to control peptide-treated animals. In addition, pUR4-treated animals showed a robust reduction of fibrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, pro-inflammatory cytokines, apoptosis and hypertrophy. The information gleaned from the in vitro data obtained from isolated CF, from unchallenged or injured hearts, treated with pUR4 or control peptide suggested attenuation in cell migration and proliferation cell functions. To examine the impact of FN genetic ablation in cardiac function and cardiac fibrosis, we investigated the fibroblast-mediated role of FN in pathologic cardiac remodeling utilizing our fibroblast-restricted Periostin mERCremER ;FN Flox/Flox (Periostin FN-KO). Analysis of cardiac function by echocardiography of Periostin-FN-KO 4 weeks post-IR revealed limited cardioprotective effect compare to the control group (FN Flox/Flox ). This data suggest that inhibiting FN polymerization may be cardioprotective following cardiac injury, attenuating the pathological effects of FN overproduction and polymerization in the activated CF after injury. Limiting FN polymerization will possible lead to the generation of novel treatments for HF.
Tenofovir Plasma Concentration from Preexposure Prophylaxis at the Time of Potential HIV Exposure: a Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling and Simulation Study Involving Serodiscordant Couples in East Africa (2019)

The Partners Demonstration Project was a prospective, open-label, implementation science-driven study of preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among heterosexual HIV serodiscordant couples in Kenya and Uganda. Adherence data were collected using the Medication Event Monitoring System (MEMS), and time of sexual activity was collected using the mobile phone short message service (SMS). Two plasma samples were collected at a single study visit. We integrated adherence, pharmacokinetics, and SMS data using a population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) model to simulate tenofovir plasma concentrations from PrEP at the time of sexual activity. In the first stage of this analysis, we used data from the current study to update a prior PopPK model of tenofovir (TFV) developed with data from the Partners PrEP Study (a phase III clinical trial). The second stage involved simulating plasma concentrations at the time of sexual activity using empirical Bayes estimates (EBEs) derived from the final model. In addition, EBEs from a previously published parent metabolite model of TFV (MTN-001, an open-label 3-way crossover study in healthy women) was used to simulate tenofovir diphosphate (TFV-DP) concentrations. We estimated percent PrEP "coverage" as the number of reported sexual events during which simulated concentrations were above an <i>a priori</i> threshold concentrations associated with a high degree of protection from HIV infection: plasma TFV of >40 ng/ml and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) TFV-DP concentration of >36 fmol/million cells. The levels of coverage were 72% for TFV and 81% for TFV-DP. These levels are consistent with a high degree of protection against HIV acquisition in this study of a pragmatic delivery model for antiretroviral-based HIV prevention.
Increased apical targeting of renal ENaC subunits and decreased expression of 11βHSD2 in HgCl2-induced nephrotic syndrome in rats (2005)

Nephrotic syndrome is often accompanied by sodium retention and generalized edema. We hypothesize that dysregulation of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) and/or of sodium (co)transporters may be responsible for the increased sodium retention associated with HgCl(2)-induced nephropathy. In addition, we examined the hypothesis that the expression of type 2 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11betaHSD2) is reduced, contributing to the enhanced mineralocorticoid activity. Membranous nephropathy was induced in Brown Norway rats by repeated injections of HgCl(2) (1 mg/kg sc), whereas the control group received only vehicle. After 13 days of treatment, the abundance of ENaC subunits, sodium (co)transporters, and 11betaHSD2 in the kidney was examined by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. HgCl(2) treatment induced marked proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, decreased urinary sodium excretion, and ascites. The protein abundance of alpha-ENaC was increased in the cortex/outer stripe of outer medulla (OSOM) and inner stripe of the outer medulla (ISOM). The protein abundances of beta-ENaC and gamma-ENaC were decreased in the cortex/OSOM while increased in the ISOM. Immunoperoxidase microscopy demonstrated increased targeting of ENaC subunits to the apical plasma membrane in the distal convoluted tubule, connecting tubule, and cortical and medullary collecting duct segments. Moreover, 11betaHSD2 abundance was decreased in cortex/OSOM and ISOM. The protein abundances of type 3 Na/H exchanger (NHE3), Na-K-2Cl cotransporter (NKCC2), and thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl cotransporter (NCC) were decreased. Moreover, the abundance of the alpha-1 subunit of the Na-K-ATPase was decreased in the cortex/OSOM and ISOM but remained unchanged in the inner medulla. These results suggest that increased apical targeting of ENaC subunits combined with diminished abundance of 11betaHSD2 may contribute to sodium retention associated with HgCl(2)-induced nephrotic syndrome. The decreased abundance of NHE3, NKCC2, NCC, and Na-K-ATPase may play a compensatory role in promoting sodium excretion.
Mucositis and non-invasive markers of small intestinal function (2009)

Mucositis is a common and debilitating side effect of chemotherapy that manifests due to the inability of chemotherapy agents to discriminate between normal and neoplastic cells. This results in ulcerating lesions lining the gastrointestinal tract. Moreover, the development of efficacious treatments for small intestinal mucositis has been hindered as the pathobiology of mucositis is still not fully understood. The small intestine is an extensive organ which is largely inaccessible by conventional means. Non-invasive biomarkers such as small intestinal permeability, H(2) breath tests, serum citrulline tests and the (13)C-sucrose breath test (SBT) have emerged as potential markers of small intestinal function. The SBT is emerging as the more appropriate biomarker to assess chemotherapy-induced mucositis in cancer patients and animal models, where it measures the decrease in sucrase activity associated with villus blunting and crypt disruption. The SBT has been successfully applied to detect mucositis induced by different classes of chemotherapy agents and has been used successfully to monitor small intestinal function with a range of candidate anti-mucositis treatments. We propose the SBT a superior biomarker of small intestinal function that could be successfully applied in clinical practice for monitoring the development of mucositis in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.
Bacteria-based AND logic gate: a decision-making and self-powered biosensor (2011)

We developed a bacteria-based AND logic gate using a Pseudomonas aeruginosa lasI/rhlI double mutant with two quorum-sensing signaling molecules as the input signals. We showed a distinct electrical output signal, despite the complexity and continuous regulation of metabolic reactions of living cells.
Synthesis of mixed ribo/deoxyribopolynucleotides by mutant T7 RNA polymerase (1998)

Synthesis of deoxynucleotide-containing RNA-like single-stranded polynucleotides (dcRNAs) using the Y639F, S641A mutant of T7 RNA polymerase (T7 RNAP) was studied. A number of different T7 promoter-containing plasmids were tested as templates for dcRNA synthesis. The dcRNA synthesis efficiency strongly depended on the sequence of the first 8-10 nucleotides immediately downstream of the promoter and increased with the distance of the first incorporated dNMP from the transcription start. The incorporation of dGMP which is obligatory for most T7 promoters in positions +1-+2(3) was practically negligible. Using the constructed plasmid pTZR7G containing seven dG links in the non-coding chain immediately downstream of the promoter, the synthesis of all possible dcRNAs (except dG-containing) was achieved with high yields.
Lower-Extremity Compensations Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction (2000)

These results suggest that the hip or ankle extensors may compensate for the knee extension moment deficit. The decrease in summated extension moment in the ACL-reconstructed extremity during VJ landing represents inadequate attenuation of landing forces, which may expose the skeleton and joint structures to injury.
Swift captures the spectrally evolving prompt emission of GRB 070616★ (2008)

The origins of gamma-ray burst (GRB) prompt emission are currently not well understood and in this context long, well-observed events are particularly important to study. We present the case of GRB 070616, analysing the exceptionally long-duration multipeaked prompt emission, and later afterglow, captured by all the instruments on-board Swift and by Suzaku Wide-Band All-Sky Monitor (WAM). The high-energy light curve remained generally flat for several hundred seconds before going into a steep decline. Spectral evolution from hard to soft is clearly taking place throughout the prompt emission, beginning at 285 s after the trigger and extending to 1200 s. We track the movement of the spectral peak energy, whilst observing a softening of the low-energy spectral slope. The steep decline in flux may be caused by a combination of this strong spectral evolution and the curvature effect. We investigate origins for the spectral evolution, ruling out a superposition of two power laws and considering instead an additional component dominant during the late prompt emission. We also discuss origins for the early optical emission and the physics of the afterglow. The case of GRB 070616 clearly demonstrates that both broad-band coverage and good time resolution are crucial to pin down the origins of the complex prompt emission in GRBs.
Assuring Quality Writing (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: In This Chapter Choosing the Best Words Writing Strong Sentences Avoiding Weak Sentence Construction Punctuating for Clarity Final Considerations A Final Note on Grammar Additional Resources
Unique osteogenic profile of bone marrow stem cells stimulated in perfusion bioreactor is Rho‐ROCK ‐mediated contractility dependent (2023)

The fate determination of bone marrow mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (BMSC) is tightly regulated by mechanical cues, including fluid shear stress. Knowledge of mechanobiology in 2D culture has allowed researchers in bone tissue engineering to develop 3D dynamic culture systems with the potential for clinical translation in which the fate and growth of BMSC are mechanically controlled. However, due to the complexity of 3D dynamic cell culture compared to the 2D counterpart, the mechanisms of cell regulation in the dynamic environment remain relatively undescribed. In the present study, we analyzed the cytoskeletal modulation and osteogenic profiles of BMSC under fluid stimuli in a 3D culture condition using a perfusion bioreactor. BMSC subjected to fluid shear stress (mean 1.56 mPa) showed increased actomyosin contractility, accompanied by the upregulation of mechanoreceptors, focal adhesions, and Rho GTPase-mediated signaling molecules. Osteogenic gene expression profiling revealed that fluid shear stress promoted the expression of osteogenic markers differently from chemically induced osteogenesis. Osteogenic marker mRNA expression, type 1 collagen formation, ALP activity, and mineralization were promoted in the dynamic condition, even in the absence of chemical supplementation. The inhibition of cell contractility under flow by Rhosin chloride, Y27632, MLCK inhibitor peptide-18, or Blebbistatin revealed that actomyosin contractility was required for maintaining the proliferative status and mechanically induced osteogenic differentiation in the dynamic culture. The study highlights the cytoskeletal response and unique osteogenic profile of BMSC in this type of dynamic cell culture, stepping toward the clinical translation of mechanically stimulated BMCS for bone regeneration.
CARCINOGENICITY OF LACTONES: I. THE REACTION OF 4-METHYLBUTENO- AND 4-METHYLBUTANO-γ-LACTONES WITH PRIMARY AMINES (1966)

As the first stage in the investigations of the mechanisms of action of carcinogenic lactones, the reactions of 4-hydroxypent-2-enoic acid lactone (II, R = CH 3 ), which is a carcinogen, and of the non-carcinogenic 4-hydroxypent-3-enoic (III, R = CH 3 ) and 4-hydroxypentanoic (IV, R = CH 3 ) acid lactones with methylamine and benzylamine have been studied. As expected, the carcinogenic lactone reacts to give the Michael addition products, whereas both inactive lactones undergo ring opening by nucleophilic attack at the carbonyl group. From the relative rates of reaction of the amines with the lactones it is concluded that the induction of tumors by II (R = CH 3 ) does not involve alkylation of biological primary alkylamino groups. The proton magnetic resonance spectra of the products enable the different reaction pathways to be distinguished readily, and may provide the basis for rapid physicochemical screening of alkylation agents that are potential carcinogens.
Psychosis and autism: magnetic resonance imaging study of brain anatomy (2009)

The presence of neurodevelopmental abnormalities normally associated with autism-spectrum disorder might represent an alternative 'entry-point' into a final common pathway of psychosis.
Conformationally Restricted σ1 Receptor Antagonists from (−)-Isopulegol (2023)

Antagonists at σ<sub>1</sub> receptors have great potential for the treatment of neuropathic pain. Starting from monoterpene (-)-isopulegol (<b>1</b>), aminodiols <b>8-11</b> were obtained and transformed into bicyclic <b>13-16</b> and tricyclic ligands <b>19-22</b>. Aminodiols <b>8-11</b> showed higher σ<sub>1</sub> affinity than the corresponding bicyclic <b>13-16</b> and tricyclic derivatives <b>19-22</b>. (<i>R</i>)-configuration in the side chain of aminodiols (<b>8</b> and <b>10</b>) led to higher σ<sub>1</sub> affinity than (<i>S</i>)-configuration (<b>9</b> and <b>11</b>). 4-Benzylpiperidines (<b>b</b>-series) revealed higher σ<sub>1</sub> affinity than 4-phenylbutylamines (<b>a</b>-series). Aminodiol <b>8b</b> showed very high σ<sub>1</sub> affinity (<i>K</i><sub>i</sub> = 1.2 nM), excellent selectivity over σ<sub>2</sub> receptors, and promising log<i>D</i><sub>7.4</sub> (3.05) and lipophilic ligand efficiency (5.87) values. Molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to analyze the σ<sub>1</sub> affinity and selectivity on an atomistic level. In the capsaicin assay, <b>8b</b> exhibited similar antiallodynic activity to the prototypical σ<sub>1</sub> antagonist S1RA. The antiallodynic activity of <b>8b</b> was removed by co-application of the σ<sub>1</sub> agonist PRE-084, proving σ<sub>1</sub> antagonism being involved in the antiallodynic effect.
Synthesis and characterisation of carboxylate-terminated silica nanohybrid powders and thin films (2008)

Novel organic–inorganic hybrid materials, in the form of bulk materials (powders) and thin films, exhibiting carboxylate functionality have been prepared by sol–gel co-condensation of 11-(triethoxysilyl)methylundecanoate with tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), followed by chemical treatment with AlI3 to convert the ester moieties into terminal carboxylic acid sites. Uniform nanostructured thin films were prepared by spin-coating on silicon wafers. Both powders and thin films were used to study the uptake behaviour of lanthanide cations, such as Eu3+ or La3+ from aqueous solutions. It has been shown that the uptake capacity (mg g−1) of the films is 3–4 times higher than that of bulk (powder) materials. This has been attributed to the larger number of accessible COO−groups in the thin film form compared with the bulk material.