gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel Insights Into Mesothelioma Therapy: Emerging Avenues and Future Prospects (2022)

Malignant mesothelioma is a rare and aggressive cancer that develops in the thin layer surrounding the mesothelium and is mainly caused by asbestos exposure. Despite improvements in patient prognosis with conventional cancer treatments, such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, there are still no curative treatment modalities for advanced disease. In recent years, new therapeutic avenues have been explored. Improved understanding of the mechanisms underlying the dynamic tumor interaction with the immune system has led to the development of immunotherapeutic approaches. Numerous recent clinical trials have shown a desire to develop more effective treatments that can be used to fight against the disease. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, oncolytic adenoviruses, and their combination represent a promising strategy that can be used to synergistically overcome immunosuppression in the mesothelioma tumor microenvironment. This review provides a synthesized overview of the current state of knowledge on new therapeutic options for mesothelioma with a focus on the results of clinical trials conducted in the field.
Kinetic stability modulation of polymeric nanoparticles for enhanced detection of influenza virus via penetration of viral fusion peptides (2021)

Specific interactions between viruses and host cells provide essential insights into material science-based strategies to combat emerging viral diseases. pH-triggered viral fusion is ubiquitous to multiple viral families and is important for understanding the viral infection cycle. Inspired by this process, virus detection has been achieved using nanomaterials with host-mimetic membranes, enabling interactions with amphiphilic hemagglutinin fusion peptides of viruses. Most research has been on designing functional nanoparticles with fusogenic capability for virus detection, and there has been little exploitation of the kinetic stability to alter the ability of nanoparticles to interact with viral membranes and improve their sensing performance. In this study, a homogeneous fluorescent assay using self-assembled polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs) with tunable responsiveness to external stimuli is developed for rapid and straightforward detection of an activated influenza A virus. Dissociation of PNPs induced by virus insertion can be readily controlled by varying the fraction of hydrophilic segments in copolymers constituting PNPs, giving rise to fluorescence signals within 30 min and detection of various influenza viruses, including H9N2, CA04(H1N1), H4N6, and H6N8. Therefore, the designs demonstrated in this study propose underlying approaches for utilizing engineered PNPs through modulation of their kinetic stability for direct and sensitive identification of infectious viruses.
Adipose stromal cells promote the transition of colorectal cancer cells toward a mesenchymal-like phenotype (2021)

Colon cancer progression is among the risks that increase with obesity. We have recently unveiled the molecular mechanism by which adipose tissue-released molecules, HGF and IL-6, make colorectal cancer (CRC) cells acquiring mesenchymal traits. Targeting of adipose-derived factors abrogate the metastatic potential of CRC stem cells (CR-CSCs) in obese patients.
Quantification In Situ of Crystalline Cholesterol and Calcium Phosphate Hydroxyapatite in Human Atherosclerotic Plaques by Solid-State Magic Angle Spinning NMR (2000)

Because of renewed interest in the progression, stabilization, and regression of atherosclerotic plaques, it has become important to develop methods for characterizing structural features of plaques in situ and noninvasively. We present a nondestructive method for ex vivo quantification of 2 solid-phase components of plaques: crystalline cholesterol and calcium phosphate salts. Magic angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of human carotid endarterectomy plaques revealed (13)C resonances of crystalline cholesterol monohydrate and a (31)P resonance of calcium phosphate hydroxyapatite (CPH). The spectra were obtained under conditions in which there was little or no interference from other chemical components and were suitable for quantification in situ of the crystalline cholesterol and CPH. Carotid atherosclerotic plaques showed a wide variation in their crystalline cholesterol content. The calculated molar ratio of liquid-crystalline cholesterol to phospholipid ranged from 1.1 to 1.7, demonstrating different capabilities of the phospholipids to reduce crystallization of cholesterol. The spectral properties of the phosphate groups in CPH in carotid plaques were identical to those of CPH in bone. (31)P MAS NMR is a simple, rapid method for quantification of calcium phosphate salts in tissue without extraction and time-consuming chemical analysis. Crystalline phases in intact atherosclerotic plaques (ex vivo) can be quantified accurately by solid-state (13)C and (31)P MAS NMR spectroscopy.
Application of the transfer matrix method to reflection gratings in positive and negative index materials (2012)

The transfer matrix method (TMM) has been used to analyze plane wave and beam propagation through linear photonic bandgap structures. Here, we apply TMM to determine the exact spatial behavior of TE and TM waves in periodic refractive index structures of arbitrary thickness. First, we extend the TMM approach to analyze plane wave propagation through Kerr type nonlinear media. Secondly, we analyze second harmonic fields in a 1D nonlinear photonic crystal for arbitrary angle of incidence of the fundamental plane wave. This allows us to construct the overall transfer matrix of nonlinear waves for the whole nonlinear optical structure from all the individual layer transfer matrices. We extend this method to analyze the effect of second order nonlinearity to beam propagation by applying TMM to the angular spectral components of the beam(s).
System-level gains introduced to 3G UMTS mobile networks by multi-antenna techniques (2012)

In order to satisfy constantly increasing user demands, in process of transition towards LTE (Long Term Evolution) mobile networks of 4th generation, for 3G UMTS networks potential solution is exploitation of multi-antenna MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) systems, which provide increase in both capacity and reliability. This paper puts an effort to provide a link between link-level and system-level gains introduced by multi-antenna techniques in UMTS systems. Coverage, capacity and achievable data rates are evaluated and presented for Alamouti scheme, TxAA and D-TxAA. Radio mobile planning tool is used for illustration of coverage improvement achieved by implementation of several multi-antenna techniques. Considering system-level gains, it is seen that implementation of MIMO techniques yields larger service area and/or increase in capacity and available data rates maintaining the same bandwidth. Results presented in this paper help making a clear picture of achievable gains, employment costs and answering the question: Should mobile operators invest in upgrading their 3G networks with MIMO techniques and is that investment justified, considering achievable improvements.
Measurement of Candidacidal Activity of Specific Leukocyte Types in Mixed Cell Populations I. Normal, Myeloperoxidase-Deficient, and Chronic Granulomatous Disease Neutrophils (1970)

Candida albicans cells which survive ingestion and multiply within phagocytes develop characteristic filamentous pseudogerm tubes. Candida cells killed by phagocytic leukocytes develop prominent alterations in Giemsa-staining characteristics; this reflects degradation of cyanophilic cytoplasmic components, probably ribonucleic acids. The numbers of these partially degraded organisms, termed "ghosts," correlate closely with the percentage of Candida determined by an independent method to be nonviable. An assay, which makes use of these changes in morphological and staining characteristics of ingested C. albicans, was developed to evaluate the candidacidal activity of peripheral blood phagocytes. Neither myeloperoxidase-deficient neutrophils nor those from patients with chronic granulomatous disease killed C. albicans effectively, confirming observations made previously. Whereas myeloperoxidase-deficient cells were able to retard the intracellular germination of C. albicans, neutrophils from patients with chronic granulomatous disease lacked this ability. The candidacidal activity of monocytes and eosinophils in small samples of peripheral blood can also be measured by the new assay.
Metal technology for advanced CMOS devices (2003)

Metal technologies for gate and deep-SD are very important in advanced CMOS devices, because of challenging high-performance System On Chip (SOC). These technologies are required due to not only resistance reduction but also process integration for SOC. Poly-metal gate MOSFETs and salicided CMOS devices should be more improved from the viewpoint of both device performance and process integration.
The influence of phenolic hydroxy substitution on the electron transfer and anti-cancer properties of compounds based on the 2-ferrocenyl-1-phenyl-but-1-ene motif (2007)

The ferrocenyl compound 2-ferrocenyl-1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-but-1-ene (), is very cytotoxic against breast cancer cells (IC(50) = 0.44 microM against MDA-MB-231). We now report the synthesis of a new series of para- and meta- substituted mono- and di- ferrocenyl phenols [2-ferrocenyl-1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-1-phenyl-but-1-ene (), 2-ferrocenyl-1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-but-1-ene (), 1,2-di-ferrocenyl-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-but-1-ene (), and 1,2-di-ferrocenyl-1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-but-1-ene ()] and their electrochemical and biochemical properties, especially in comparison to the previously reported "standard" compounds [2-ferrocenyl-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-phenyl-but-1-ene () and ()]. We also report the synthesis and characterization of the diphenyl analogue, 2-ferrocenyl-1,1-diphenyl-but-1-ene (). This structure-activity relationship study was motivated by our hypothesis that the cytotoxicity of is related to its ability to form a quinone methide structure after two in situ 1-electron oxidations, a process which requires the presence of at least one p-phenol. The mono-ferrocenyl compounds (including those previously reported) are reasonably well recognized by the oestrogen receptors alpha (RBAs = 0.9-9.6%) and beta (RBAs = 0.28-16.3%), although the bulkier di-ferrocenyl compounds show very little affinity. In vitro, the cytotoxic effects of the phenolic complexes are related to the positioning of the hydroxyl group (para- superior to meta-), and to the number of ferrocenyl groups (one superior to two), with IC(50) values against the MDA-MB-231 cell line ranging from 0.44-3.5 microM. On the hormone-dependent breast cancer cell line MCF-7, the observed effect seems to be the result of two components, one cytotoxic (antiproliferative) and one estrogenic (proliferative). Electrochemical studies show that only the compounds with a p-phenol engage in proton-coupled intramolecular electron transfer.
Construction d'un modèle ICEM pour prédire l'émission électromagnétique d'un FPGA (2016)

Ce papier donne une description du flot de construction et de validation d’un modèle quivalent d’émission conduite d’un circuit intégré complexe (FPGA), basé sur l’approche de modélisation ICEM-CE.
Cloning in cattle: from embryo splitting to somatic nuclear transfer (1998)

International audience
Supplementary Table from EGFR Inhibition Promotes an Aggressive Invasion Pattern Mediated by Mesenchymal-like Tumor Cells within Squamous Cell Carcinomas (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 69K, Clinical and pathologic features of 10 human head and neck SCCs grouped by pattern of invasion.&lt;/p&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: Acylation of N‐Phenyl‐2‐(indol‐3‐yl)succinimides. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Measuring tissue elastic properties using acoustic radiation force on laser-generated bubbles (2004)

We apply acoustic radiation force to bubbles generated by laser-induced optical breakdown (LIOB) to study the mechanical response of the surrounding medium. Optical breakdown occurs when sufficiently high threshold fluence is attained at the focus of femtosecond pulsed lasers, inducing plasma formation and bubble generation. LIOB bubbles are of particular interest because they can be generated at very precise locations and optical parameters can be varied to control size. In this investigation, femtosecond laser pulses are focused in the volume of gelatin phantoms of different concentrations to form bubbles. A two-element confocal ultrasonic transducer generates acoustic radiation force on individual bubbles while monitoring their displacement within an elastic medium. Single tone burst pushes of varying duration have been applied by the outer element at 1.5 MHz. The inner element receives pulse-echo recordings at 7.44 MHz before, during, and after the excitation bursts and cross-correlation processing is performed offline to monitor bubble position. Maximal bubble displacements of 293 /spl mu/m, 144 /spl mu/m, and 88 /spl mu/m have been measured in response to a single 6.7 ms ultrasound burst in 5%, 7.5%, and 10% gelatin phantoms, respectively. The time constants for bubble relaxation curves following the push bursts show a decreasing trend with increasing gel stiffness. These results demonstrate that bubble response to acoustic radiation force is directly related to gelatin concentration and, therefore, the viscoelasticity of the surrounding medium.
The anatomy and functional axes of the femur. (1987)

Linear and angular measurements were made on thirty-two cadaveric femora with respect to the mechanical (functional) axes of the bone. The long axis was defined as a line from the center of the femoral head to the anterolateral attachment of the posterior cruciate ligament. The transverse axis was defined as a line through the posterior cruciate ligament parallel to the line connecting each epicondyle. The condylar width, the length of each interepicondylar line, correlated well with depth, but the projections of the condyles from the transverse plane revealed significant variations from specimen to specimen. Considerable variation also was found between femora in terms of angular dimensions (that is, the angle of anteversion and the neck-shaft angle proximally, and the valgus angle of the femoral shaft distally). Considerable interspecimen variation in the angles between the transcondylar plane and the femoral center, in accord with the valgus angle of the femoral shaft distally, was also noted. The mean transcondylar valgus angle (described as the tangent of the condyles to the perpendicular of the long axis) was 3.8 degrees. In contrast, little variation among specimens was noted for the angle made by the shaft and the long axis.
Experience of testing polymeric HV cable systems by an innovative partial discharge measurement approach (2005)

An innovative system has recently been proposed for partial discharge (PD) measurements which can acquire a significant amount of PD pulses and then process the information not only with respect to pulse amplitude and phase of occurrence but also with respect to pulse frequency and time spectra. The two striking features of this system are i) the possibility to separate pulses coming from different PD source typologies (efficiently rejecting noise), building up patterns relevant to each pulse source; and ii) the use of artificial intelligence techniques, based on robust statistical quantities and fuzzy logic algorithms, which can provide an enhanced tool for PD phenomena identification and risk assessment. The results obtained when applying this innovative system to site tests on HV polymeric cable systems are presented and discussed in this paper, emphasizing the enhanced capability of the proposed measurement approach to detect and identify PD sources.
Highly Chemoselective and Enantiospecific Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Couplings of Benzylic Organoboronic Esters (2013)

The use of potassium carbonate in addition to silver oxide­ is shown to increase the enantiospecificity of the Suzuki–Miyaura­ cross-coupling reaction of chiral secondary benzylic boronic esters. From mechanistic studies, it is shown that the reaction is compatible with Mizoroki–Heck coupling partners, even when they are present in considerable excess. This unique chemoselectivity provides the opportunity to carry out sequential reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric (2,3)‐Wittig Rearrangement as a General Tool for Asymmetric Synthesis (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Silanized Liquid-Metal Nanoparticles for Responsive Electronics (2020)

Room-temperature liquid-metal particles are a burgeoning material platform for stimuli-responsive electronics, self-healing circuitry, stretchable/flexible conductors, drug delivery, and wearable devices. The ability to chemically tune the nanoscale surface oxide of liquid-metal particles is critical to these applications. To this end, a method of silanizing liquid gallium alloy particles has been developed. The benefits of alkoxysilane ligands are demonstrated by orthogonal functionalizations to produce chemically diverse, multifunctional hybrid liquid-metal nanoparticles. Additionally, architected stretchable conductors, called polymerized liquid-metal networks, were fabricated using hitherto inaccessible chemistries with enhanced electromechanical performance. These advancements have downstream implications for particle processing, device fabrication, long-term stability, and functional behaviors of liquid-metal particle systems.
Software understanding: Automatic classification of software identifiers (2015)

Identifier names (e.g., packages, classes, methods, variables) are one of most important software comprehension sources. Identifier names need to be analyzed in order to support collaborative software engineering and to reuse source codes. Indeed, th
2D Iterative MAP Detection: Principles and Applications in Image Restoration (2014)

The paper provides a theoretical framework for the two-dimensional iterative maximum a posteriori detection. This generalization is based on the concept of detection algorithms BCJR and SOVA, i.e., the classical (one-dimensional) iterative detectors used in telecommunication applications. We generalize the one-dimensional detection problem considering the spatial ISI kernel as a two-dimensional finite state machine (2D FSM) representing a network of the spatially concatenated elements. The cellular structure topology defines the design of the 2D Iterative decoding network, where each cell is a general combination-marginalization statistical element (SISO module) exchanging discrete probability density functions (information metrics) with neighboring cells. In this paper, we statistically analyse the performance of various topologies with respect to their application in the field of image restoration. The iterative detection algorithm was applied on the task of binarization of images taken from a CCD camera. The reconstruction includes suppression of the defocus caused by the lens, CCD sensor noise suppression and interpolation (demosaicing). The simulations prove that the algorithm provides satisfactory results even in the case of an input image that is under-sampled due to the Bayer mask.
Progress of Sulfation in Highly Sulfated Particles of Lime (2003)

Sulfation of limestone-derived particles over periods of many hours may contribute significantly to limestone's utilization in fluidized-bed combustion (FBC). Long-term sulfation may also cause agglomeration. The progress of sulfation in highly sulfated particles of a calcined limestone is investigated. Conversion curves lasting 14−60 h have been obtained in a thermobalance at different SO2 concentrations with particle sizes and temperatures typical of FBC boilers. Also, tests in a tube furnace under very strong sulfation conditions have been performed to elucidate the mechanism responsible for the residual activity of the sorbents and their final fate as fully sulfated solids. Scanning electron microscopy analysis of the highly sulfated samples shows cracks in the external surface of all of the particles, irrespective of their sulfation pattern during their fast sulfation period. Based on this observation, a shrinking-core model is used to fit the thermogravimetric analysis curves with an adjustable cracking constant. This simple model gives a satisfactory fit up to conversions close to the full sulfation of the particle. However, in samples allowed to agglomerate, the onset of agglomeration must produce a drastic change in the effective particle size; this explains deviations of the model from results obtained with real ashes in very long sulfation tests.
Microstructure of poly[polytetrahydrofuran‐block‐poly(sebacoylchloride‐alt‐hexamethylenediamine)] and its role in blood compatibility (1986)

Abstract The microstructure of poly[polytetrahydrofuran‐ block ‐poly(sebacoyl chloride‐ alt ‐hexamethylenediamine)]s 1–4 , containing polytetrahydrofuran (PTHF) blocks of various molecular weights, and their blood compatibility were studied. These multiblock copolymers were prepared by interfacial polycondensation. The characterization of these copolymers was carried out by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical measurements, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD), small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS), and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA). The TEM observation revealed the formation of a spherulitic structure at the copolymer surfaces, which is closely related to the homopolymer, polyamide (PA) 610. The DSC and dynamic mechanical measurements indicate the presence of distinct phase separation between PTHF and PA 610 blocks, and of the PTHF block in the copolymer being partially crystallized. The WAXD and SAXS indicate the formation of microstructures composed of crystalline and amorphous phases in the copolymer. Moreover, ESCA measurements verify that the surface chemical composition of the copolymer is identical to their bulk composition. Blood compatibility of these copolymers was evaluated by estimating platelet adhesion on the copolymer surfaces. Platelet adhesion was found to be affected by the PA 610 crystallinity, including the size and distribution of the crystalline phase in the case of the copolymers in which the PTHF blocks are completely amorphous ( M̄ n = 980). On the contrary, platelet adhesion at the copolymers in which the PTHF blocks are partially crystallized ( M̄ n ≥ 1560) depends upon the crystallinity of both PA 610 and PTHF, including the balance of crystalline (PA 610 and PTHF) and amorphous (mainly PTHF) phases. This result suggests that the balance of the crystalline and amorphous phase distribution in the copolymer is the most determinative factor for suppressing platelet adhesion at the copolymer surface.