gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Clinical usefulness of scatter and attenuation correction for brain single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in pediatrics]. (1998)

This investigation was undertaken to study clinical usefulness of scatter and attenuation correction (SAC) of brain SPECT in infants to compare the standard reconstruction (STD). The brain SPECT was performed in 31 patients with 19 epilepsy, 5 cerebro-vascular disease, 2 brain tumor, 3 meningitis, 1 hydrocephalus and psychosis (mean age 5.0 +/- 4.9 years old). Many patients was necessary to be injected sedatives for restraining body motion after Technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime (99mTc-HMPAO) was injected at the convulsion or rest. Brain SPECT data were acquired with triple detector gamma camera (GCA-9300 Toshiba Japan). These data were reconstructed by filtered backprojection after the raw data were corrected by triple energy windows method of scatter correction and Chang filtered method of attenuation correction. The same data was reconstructed by filtered backprojection without these corrections. Both SAC and STD SPECT images were analyzed by the visual interpretation. The uptake ratio of cerebral basal nuclei was calculated by the counts of the thalamus or lenticular nuclei divided by the cortex. All images of SAC method were excellent than that of STD method. The thalamic uptake ratio in SAC method was higher than that of STD method (1.22 +/- 0.09 > 0.87 +/- 0.22 p < 0.01). The lenticular nuclear uptake ratio in SAC method was higher than that of STD method (1.26 +/- 0.15 > 1.02 +/- 0.16 p < 0.01). Transmission scan is the most suitable method of absorption correction. But the transmission scan is not adequate for examination of children, because this scan needs a lot of time and the infants are exposed by the line source radioisotope. It was concluded that these scatter and absorption corrections were most suitable method for brain SPECT in pediatrics.
Dual Small-Molecule Targeting of SMAD Signaling Stimulates Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells toward Neural Lineages (2014)

Incurable neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are very common and can be life-threatening because of their progressive disease symptoms with limited treatment options. To provide an alternative renewable cell source for cell-based transplantation and as study models for neurological diseases, we generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) and then differentiated them into neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and mature neurons by dual SMAD signaling inhibitors. Reprogramming efficiency was improved by supplementing the histone deacethylase inhibitor, valproic acid (VPA), and inhibitor of p160-Rho associated coiled-coil kinase (ROCK), Y-27632, after retroviral transduction. We obtained a number of iPS colonies that shared similar characteristics with human embryonic stem cells in terms of their morphology, cell surface antigens, pluripotency-associated gene and protein expressions as well as their in vitro and in vivo differentiation potentials. After treatment with Noggin and SB431542, inhibitors of the SMAD signaling pathway, HDF-iPSCs demonstrated rapid and efficient differentiation into neural lineages. Six days after neural induction, neuroepithelial cells (NEPCs) were observed in the adherent monolayer culture, which had the ability to differentiate further into NPCs and neurons, as characterized by their morphology and the expression of neuron-specific transcripts and proteins. We propose that our study may be applied to generate neurological disease patient-specific iPSCs allowing better understanding of disease pathogenesis and drug sensitivity assays.
Silver nano-ink for aerosol-jet (M3D) printed solar electrodes (2012)

The authors have developed a silver-nanoparticle-based ink formulation for aerosol-jet-based printing technique called "Maskless Mesoscale Material Deposition" or M 3 D™. A wet chemistry precursor-based approach was used to prepare ligand-capped silver nanoparticles where the reduction of silver salt was carried out in a controlled organic media. This synthesis yields 4–5-nm particles, which were characterized using transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, UV-Vis Absorption spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). TGA results show weight loss and sintering at low temperature (~170ºC) due to the burning off the ligands. Low-temperature sintering makes the use of this ink attractive for printing conductive patterns on flexible substrates such as Kapton or photo paper. A four-point probe resistance measurement was done on printed tracks, which yields conductivity ~40% of bulk silver.
Single-particle–single-photon Coupling Using a Circuital Metamaterial Cavity (2023)

We propose a surface-plasmon-inspired circuital-metamaterial cavity that achieves record-breaking interaction strength between charged-particles and photons. The cavity drives emission of multiple microwave photons per particle, enabling strong particle-photon entanglement for applications in free-particles quantum optics.
Homothetic Triangle Contact Representations of Planar Graphs (2007)

In this paper we study the problem of computing homothetic triangle contact representations of planar graphs. Since not all planar graphs admit such a representation, we concentrate on meaningful subfamilies of planar graphs and prove that: (i) every two-terminal seriesparallel digraph has a homothetic triangle contact representation, which can be computed in linear time; (ii) every partial planar 3-tree admits a homothetic triangle contact representation. 1
Tumor suppressor REIC/DKK-3 and co-chaperone SGTA: Their interaction and roles in the androgen sensitivity (2015)

REIC/DKK-3 is a tumor suppressor, however, its intracellular physiological functions and interacting molecules have not been fully clarified. Using yeast two-hybrid screening, we found that small glutamine-rich tetratricopeptide repeat-containing protein α (SGTA), known as a negative modulator of cytoplasmic androgen receptor (AR) signaling, is a novel interacting partner of REIC/DKK-3. Mammalian two-hybrid and pull-down assay results indicated that the SGTA-REIC/DKK-3 interaction involved the N-terminal regions of both REIC/DKK-3 and SGTA and that REIC/DKK-3 interfered with the dimerization of SGTA, which is a component of the AR complex and a suppressor of dynein motor-dependent AR transport and signaling. A reporter assay in human prostate cancer cells that displayed suppressed AR signaling by SGTA showed recovery of AR signaling by REIC/DKK-3 expression. Considering these results and our previous data that REIC/DKK-3 interacts with the dynein light chain TCTEX-1, we propose that the REIC/DKK-3 protein interferes with SGTA dimerization, promotes dynein-dependent AR transport and then upregulates AR signaling.
Short-channel performance and mobility analysis of &lt;110&#x003E;- and &lt;100&#x003E;-oriented tri-gate nanowire MOSFETs with raised source/drain extensions (2010)

We successfully reduced the parasitic resistance of nanowire transistors (NW Tr.) by raised S/D extensions with thin spacers (<;10nm). I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</sub> variations are suppressed by spacer thinning and parasitic capacitance increase is minimal. By adopting <;100> NW instead of <;110> NW, I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on</sub> = 1mA/μm for I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">off</sub> = 100nA/μm is achieved without stress techniques. Long-L mobility (μ) was systematically studied by separating top and side channel μ. μ of <;100> nFETs and <;110> pFETs (potentially-high μ) largely degrade due to side-surface roughness. Gate stress and interface traps affect μ of <;110> nFETs and <;110> pFETs, respectively.
Microfabricated Physiological Models for In Vitro Drug Screening Applications (2016)

Microfluidics and microfabrication have recently been established as promising tools for developing a new generation of in vitro cell culture microdevices. The reduced amounts of reagents employed within cell culture microdevices make them particularly appealing to drug screening processes. In addition, latest advancements in recreating physiologically relevant cell culture conditions within microfabricated devices encourage the idea of using such advanced biological models in improving the screening of drug candidates prior to in vivo testing. In this review, we discuss microfluidics-based models employed for chemical/drug screening and the strategies to mimic various physiological conditions: fine control of 3D extra-cellular matrix environment, physical and chemical cues provided to cells and organization of co-cultures. We also envision future directions for achieving multi-organ microfluidic devices.
Differences of the Fecal Microflora With Clostridium difficile Therapies (2015)

Differences of pathogen clearance and microbiome perturbation during treatment of CDI appear to explain treatment outcomes. The hypothesis that probiotic microbes could help prevent onset of CDI is supported by the observation of persistence of lactobacilli during and after treatment of CDI.
Shoulder and elbow : surgical techniques and management (2006)

This work enables you to build your understanding of the surgical principles and methods for shoulder and elbow arthroscopy, as well as mini-open and open rotator cuff repair. Based on the well-attended Academy skills course of the same name, this program offers surgical demonstrations and instruction for evaluating and managing common and complex shoulder and elbow conditions, including: arthroscopic subacromial decompression and distal clavicle resection; role of modern mini-open rotator cuff repair; arthroscopic bankart repair; advanced arthroscopic techniques in the elbow; elbow exposures; and, elbow Stiffness. The second title in the Academy's Standing Room Only multimedia series, Surgical Techniques and Management of the Shoulder and Elbow also presents a radiographic review of a young football player's shoulder injury, self-assessment questions, and more than 10 lecture presentations.
Unsupervised Adversarial Domain Adaptation for Implicit Discourse Relation Classification (2019)

Implicit discourse relations are not only more challenging to classify, but also to annotate, than their explicit counterparts. We tackle situations where training data for implicit relations are lacking, and exploit domain adaptation from explicit relations We present an unsupervised adversarial domain adaptive network equipped with a reconstruction component. Our system outperforms prior works and other adversarial benchmarks for unsupervised domain adaptation. Additionally, we extend our system to take advantage of labeled data if some are available.
An introduction to schema versioning in OODBMS (2002)

Object oriented database management systems (OODBMS) have enormous advantages in comparison to relational systems in modeling highly complex and dynamic application scenarios. Still they lack some flexibility which could help their promotion into widely spread industrial use. Especially engineering environments frequently require schema changes to handle evolving designs. The main contribution of the paper is twofold: firstly, we give an overview of schema evolution mechanisms, describing the state of the art in research. To the best of our knowledge, no such comprehensive overview has been published so far. Secondly, the study of a general application scenario led us to a list of requirements. We propose a general framework based on schema versioning to meet those requirements.
Predicting the voluntary food intake of growing animals during exposure to pathogens of different kinds and doses (2005)

Pathogens (parasites, bacteria and viruses), when causing sub-clinical disease, affect the voluntary food intake, VFI kg/d, of animals, with subsequent reductions in rates of growth. However, no general quantitative framework for predicting the effects of different kinds and doses of pathogen on the VFI of animals has been proposed that could be integrated with existing models of growth. The aim here was to develop a general quantitative framework of VFI during exposure to sub-clinical doses of pathogens and to integrate such a framework with a general model of growth (Wellock et al. 2003).
Laser-Powered Sub-mm Untethered Microrobots (2010)

The paper discusses the promises and challenges of using laser as a source of energy and means of control for untethered microdevices. Achieving the desired device operation with available controls in the laser signal is a challenge that requires redesign of current microactuators and invention of new ones. In addition, for multiple target spots on a device, the laser beam can be multiplexed or separate lasers can be used simultaneously. Shaping of the control signal based on such variables of the laser as output power, pulse width, and beam spot is a combined effort of accordingly designing the microdevice and selecting the device materials. The paper presents a parametric design evaluation of two versions of stick-and-slip microrobots actuated by commonly used thermal actuators. A detailed parametric analysis with varying actuator geometries predicts that actuation at speeds comparable with electrostatically and electromagnetically actuated microrobots is also possible with laser power. Initial experiments on regular chevron actuators show that pulsed laser can be effectively used to drive microdevices.
Biosynthesis and beneficial effects of microbial gibberellins on crops for sustainable agriculture (2021)

Soil microbes promote plant growth through several mechanisms such as secretion of chemical compounds including plant growth hormones. Among the phytohormones, auxins, ethylene, cytokinins, abscisic acid and gibberellins are the best understood compounds. Gibberellins were first isolated in 1935 from the fungus Gibberella fujikuroi and are synthesized by several soil microbes. The effect of gibberellins on plant growth and development has been studied, as has the biosynthesis pathways, enzymes, genes and their regulation. This review revisits the history of gibberellin research highlighting microbial gibberellins and their effects on plant health with an emphasis on the early discoveries and current advances that can find vital applications in agricultural practices.
HD mice: A novel mouse mutant with a specific defect in the generation of CD4+T cells (1998)

We have identified a spontaneous mutation in mice, which we term HD for "helper T cell deficient." This mouse is distinguished by the virtual absence of peripheral T cells of the CD4(+)8(-) major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-restricted T helper subset due to a specific block in thymic development. The developmental defect is selective for CD4(+)8(-) cells; the maturation of CD4(-)8(+) and gamma delta T cells is normal. The autosomal recessive mutation underlying the HD phenotype is unrelated to MHC class II, since it segregates independently of the MHC class II locus. Moreover, the HD phenotype is not caused by a defect of the CD4 gene. Bone marrow transfer experiments demonstrate that the defect is intrinsic to cells of the hematopoietic lineage, i.e., most likely to developing thymocytes themselves. The frequency of CD4(+)8(low) intermediate cells is markedly increased in HD mice, suggesting that class II-restricted thymocytes are arrested at this stage. This is the first genetic defect of its kind to be described in the mouse and may prove highly informative in understanding the molecular pathways underlying lineage commitment.
A Bacterial Phosphatase-Like Enzyme of the Malaria Parasite Plasmodium falciparum Possesses Tyrosine Phosphatase Activity and Is Implicated in the Regulation of Band 3 Dynamics during Parasite Invasion (2013)

Eukaryotic parasites of the genus Plasmodium cause malaria by invading and developing within host erythrocytes. Here, we demonstrate that PfShelph2, a gene product of Plasmodium falciparum that belongs to the Shewanella-like phosphatase (Shelph) subfamily, selectively hydrolyzes phosphotyrosine, as shown for other previously studied Shelph family members. In the extracellular merozoite stage, PfShelph2 localizes to vesicles that appear to be distinct from those of rhoptry, dense granule, or microneme organelles. During invasion, PfShelph2 is released from these vesicles and exported to the host erythrocyte. In vitro, PfShelph2 shows tyrosine phosphatase activity against the host erythrocyte protein Band 3, which is the most abundant tyrosine-phosphorylated species of the erythrocyte. During P. falciparum invasion, Band 3 undergoes dynamic and rapid clearance from the invasion junction within 1 to 2 s of parasite attachment to the erythrocyte. Release of Pfshelph2 occurs after clearance of Band 3 from the parasite-host cell interface and when the parasite is nearly or completely enclosed in the nascent vacuole. We propose a model in which the phosphatase modifies Band 3 in time to restore its interaction with the cytoskeleton and thus reestablishes the erythrocyte cytoskeletal network at the end of the invasion process.
Dysregulated uterine natural killer cells and vascular remodeling in women with recurrent pregnancy losses (2018)

Increased uNK cells in mid-secretory endometrium are associated with increased vascularization and defective vascular transformation of spiral arteries in women with RPL.
Reduction of RIE induced damage of GaInAsP/InP DQW lasers fabricated by 2-step growth (2008)

In order to realize low damage fine structuring processes for the low-dimensional quantum structures, we investigated a process for reducing the degradations of optical properties, which was induced during a reactive-ion-etching (RIE) process with CH<sub>4</sub>/H<sub>2</sub> gas mixture in the quantum-well (QW) structures. Quantitative studies of optical degradation were carried out by photoluminescence (PL) and electroluminescence (EL) measurements. We introduced a thicker upper optical confinement layer (OCL) to protect the QWs from the RIE-plasma. In practical, for the PL measurement, twotypes of strain-compensated single-quantum-well (SC-SQW) structures were prepared for 40-nm-thick- and 80-nmthick- upper OCL wafers and covered by 20-nm-thick SiO<sub>2</sub>. After the samples were exposed to CH<sub>4</sub>/H<sub>2</sub>-RIE for 5- minutes, a relatively stronger suppression of integral PL intensity as well as a spectral broadening was observed in the sample with 40-nm-thick OCL, while those did not change in the sample with 80-nm-thick OCL. For the EL measurements, using two types of SC-DQW structures, samples were exposed to CH<sub>4</sub>/H<sub>2</sub>-RIE plasma for 5-minute and then re-grown for other layers to form high-mesa stripe laser structures (<i>W</i><sub>s</sub>=1.5&mu;m). As a result, the spontaneous emission efficiency of the lasers with 80-nm-thick OCL was almost 2 times higher than that of the lasers with 40-nmthick OCL. In addition, a lower threshold current as well as a higher differential quantum efficiency was obtained for the lasers with 80-nm-thick OCL , while that in lasers with 40-nm-thick OCL indicated poor efficiency and a slightly higher threshold.
Schottky‐Gated Probe‐Free ZnO Nanowire Biosensor (2009)

A nanowire-based nanosensor for detecting biologically and chemically charged molecules that is probe-free and highly sensitive is demonstrated. The device relies on the nonsymmetrical Schottky contact under reverse bias, and is much more sensitive than the device based on the symmetric ohmic contact. This approach serves as a guideline for designing more practical chemical and biochemical sensors.
Apparent magic numbers in embedded Ti-O clusters (2003)

Stable clusters constituted of four ${\mathrm{TiO}}_{2}$ entities have been evidenced in nanometer-sized spinel oxides by a combination of diffraction and x-ray-absorption experiments. Contrary to free clusters, the size of the embedded clusters is strongly determined by the constraints imposed by the surrounding matrix so that the magic number of four is in fact specific to the matrix and only then apparent.
A Non-Destructive Method for Structural Evaluation of Pipeline Suspension Bridges (2006)

Pipeline suspension bridge structures normally consist of an intricate cable/rope system. Accurate estimation of forces in the cables is essential for calibration of analytical models and evaluation of the structural integrity and assessment of the stresses in the pipeline and other structural elements. Stress in the main suspension cables and the pipe can be evaluated based on forces in the cable systems. Recently, a laser-based non-contacting force measurement technique has been used successfully for measurement of cable forces in some suspension pipeline bridges. The new vibration technique replaces the cumbersome and approximate cable stiffness measurement method for such structural elements. The laser technique allows measurement of cable forces from a distance away from the bridge, e.g., on river banks, adding to the efficiency and speed of inspections. This paper describes the technique for measurement of cable forces and reviews the procedure employed for two bridges along the Trans Alaskan Pipeline.
Characterization of multivalent complexes formed in the presence of more than one conventional antibody to terminal complement component C5 (2023)

This study sought to understand the nature of the immune complexes that could be formed when a patient is exposed simultaneously to two different anti-complement component 5 (C5) antibodies, such as in patients converting from one bivalent, noncompetitive, C5-binding monoclonal antibody to another. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) in combination with multiangle light scattering was used to assess the potential formation of multivalent complexes among eculizumab, C5, and each of two other anti-C5 bivalent antibodies, TPP-2799 or TP-3544, respectively having the same sequence as either crovalimab or pozelimab currently undergoing clinical trials. Each of these two antibodies bound C5 noncompetitively with eculizumab. In phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), C5-eculizumab in the absence of other antibodies measured <500 kDa; however, inclusion of other antibodies at levels ranging from equimolar and up to a fivefold excess over eculizumab and C5 yielded a series of complexes with some >1500 kDa in size, consistent with incorporation of multiple antibodies and C5 molecules. A similar pattern of complexes was also observed when fluorescently labeled eculizumab and either of the other two antibodies were spiked into human plasma, based on SEC monitored by fluorescence detection. A detailed characterization of the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of such complexes is warranted, as is the incorporation of mitigation processes to avoid their formation in patients converting from one bivalent, noncompetitive, C5-binding monoclonal antibody to another.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Optical Resolution Method: Coordinative Resolution of Mandelic Acid Esters. Crystal Structure of Calcium Hydrogen (2R,3R)‐O,O′‐ Dibenzoyl Tartrate‐2(R)‐(‐)‐Methyl Mandelate. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.