gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Estimation of Inertia Response Power and Primary Frequency Modulation Response Power Considering the Equivalent Inertia of Multi-machine Power Grid (2021)

The frequency modulation of the power system is an important means to maintain the safe and stable operation of power grid under active power imbalance and frequency perturbation. Modeling and Estimation of primary frequency modulation response process for multi-machine power system are carried out. On the basis of the equivalent inertia constant of multi-machine system, the power system frequency modulation process is firstly divided into different stages. The inertia response power at the initial stage of the system frequency response process is derived, based on which, the primary frequency response power is also deduced out. Then, the power estimation flowchart of the inertia response and primary frequency modulation response comes to the conclusion. Different typical scenarios of power disturbance in the standard IEEE 39-bus test system are set and tests for the power estimation of the inertia response and primary frequency modulation response are carried out, respectively. The resulting conclusions can provide reference for analyzing the frequency response process of multi-machine power system.
Underwater sensor networks: applications, advances and challenges (2011)

This paper examines the main approaches and challenges in the design and implementation of underwater wireless sensor networks. We summarize key applications and the main phenomena related to acoustic propagation, and discuss how they affect the design and operation of communication systems and networking protocols at various layers. We also provide an overview of communications hardware, testbeds and simulation tools available to the research community.
A fast video image defogging algorithm based on dark channel prior (2013)

The captured images in the frog climatic condition are often blurred and will degrade the performance of the video surveillance system. In order to meet the real-time requirements of video image defogging, this paper proposes a fast video image defogging algorithm based on the dark channel prior. Firstly, atmospheric light value is estimated by more reasonable way. Secondly, the tolerance mechanism is included for adjusting the transmission rate map in the bright areas in order to eliminate color distortion phenomenon in the bright areas of the image. Finally, by reducing the transmission rate map resolution reasonably, the calculating time is shorten but the processing effects is not affected at the same time. The experiment results show that the proposed method can get a good defogging effect.
Phytochemical Informatics and Virtual Screening of Herbs Used in Chinese Medicine (2010)

While many experimental and clinical studies of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) have been reported over recent years, the applications of computational methods to drug discovery from Chinese herbs are still at an early stage. In the light of the spread of TCM to other parts of the world over the last few decades, and the growing number of publications in languages other than Chinese, this article focuses on work published in English and accessible to an international audience. Sources of information in appropriate format are particularly important for informatics, and the growing number of TCM-related databases is discussed. Applications of virtual screening both to the identification of single and multiple target ligands are covered, as are developments in 'target fishing', a novel technique which seeks to identify multiple receptors to which a compound may bind. Finally, the role of informatics in bridging the gulf between the paradigms of TCM and biomedical science is explored, and a discussion presented as to its use in probing the molecular basis of TCM.
Design and simulation of an integrated optical CMOS heart rate sensor (2014)

An optical CMOS heart rate sensor that processes the photoplethysmographic signal was designed and fabricated in Austriamicrosystems 0.35μm CMOS process. The sensor consists of photodiode, transimpedance amplifier, analogue bandpass filters, analogue-to-digital converters, digital signal processor, and a timing circuit that is used to modulate the external light-emitting diodes. The mixed-signal simulation has been carried out to validate the system design. With modulated green light source and integrated lock-in detection the sensor is capable of extracting clean photoplethysmographic signal when it is operated in reflectance mode. The heart rate output was compared with commercial devices and they show a good agreement. The chip-level integration enables a small foot print of the design and makes it suitable for the applications of ambulatory monitoring.
Stabilization of a Native Protein Mediated by Ligand Binding Inhibits Amyloid Formation Independently of the Aggregation Pathway (2006)

The acylphosphatases from Sulfolobus solfataricus and Drosophila melanogaster (Sso AcP and AcPDro2) were previously shown to form amyloid-like aggregates without the need to unfold initially. Inorganic phosphate (Pi), a competitive inhibitor binding specifically to the active site of these proteins, was found to stabilize, upon binding, the native state of AcPDro2 and to inhibit its conversion into amyloid-like fibrils. The inhibitory effect of Pi is suppressed only in a variant in which the Arg residue responsible for Pi binding is mutated. The study on Sso AcP shows that Pi retards both the formation of the initial nativelike oligomers and their subsequent conversion into protofibrils. Thus, stabilization of the native structure mediated by specific binding with small molecules can be an effective therapeutic strategy against protein deposition diseases that originate from initially folded proteins, independently of the structure of the protein, its aggregation pathway, and the particular aggregated species responsible for pathogenesis.
The Differential Cytotoxicity of Water-Soluble Fullerenes (2004)

We show that the cytotoxicity of water-soluble fullerene species is a sensitive function of surface derivatization; in two different human cell lines, the lethal dose of fullerene changed over 7 orders of magnitude with relatively minor alterations in fullerene structure. In particular, an aggregated form of C60, the least derivatized of the four materials, was substantially more toxic than highly soluble derivatives such as C3, Na+2-3[C60O7-9(OH)12-15](2-3)-, and C60(OH)24. Oxidative damage to the cell membranes was observed in all cases where fullerene exposure led to cell death. We show that under ambient conditions in water fullerenes can generate superoxide anions and postulate that these oxygen radicals are responsible for membrane damage and subsequent cell death. This work demonstrates both a strategy for enhancing the toxicity of fullerenes for certain applications such as cancer therapeutics or bactericides, as well as a remediation for the possible unwarranted biological effects of pristine fullerenes.
1667: Serum Her-2/neu Level Predicts Disease Stage and Outcome in Men with Prostate Cancer (2004)

used for decision tree building. A blinded test set consisting of 20 controls and 320 CaP patients was used to challenge the algorithms. Additional control specimens are being collected for further analysis.
Chemical investigation of Nigella sativa L. seed oil produced in Morocco (2013)

Seeds of Nigella sativa L. (black cumin or black seeds) are widely used in traditional Islamic medicine and for culinary purposes worldwide. Nigella seed oil is becoming popular in and out of the Islamic world. Composition of Nigella seed oil is known to be location-dependent. We investigated the composition of Nigella seed oil prepared by solvent- or cold press-extraction of Nigella seeds grown in Morocco. Oil extraction yield was 37% and 27% when solvent or cold press extraction methods were used, respectively. In terms of oil major components, composition of Nigella seed oil from Morocco is similar to that from other Mediterranean countries known for their Nigella seed-oil quality.
GENERAL‐CIRCULATION‐MODEL SIMULATIONS OF FUTURE SNOWPACK IN THE WESTERN UNITED STATES1 (1999)

ABSTRACT: April 1 snowpack accumulations measured at 311 snow courses in the western United States (U.S.) are grouped using a correlation‐based cluster analysis. A conceptual snow accumulation and melt model and monthly temperature and precipitation for each cluster are used to estimate cluster‐average April 1 snowpack. The conceptual snow model is subsequently used to estimate future snowpack by using changes in monthly temperature and precipitation simulated by the Canadian Centre for Climate Modeling and Analysis (CCC) and the Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research (HADLEY) general circulation models (GCMs). Results for the CCC model indicate that although winter precipitation is estimated to increase in the future, increases in temperatures will result in large decreases in April 1 snowpack for the entire western U.S. Results for the HADLEY model also indicate large decreases in April 1 snowpack for most of the western US, but the decreases are not as severe as those estimated using the CCC simulations. Although snowpack conditions are estimated to decrease for most areas of the western US, both GCMs estimate a general increase in winter precipitation toward the latter half of the next century. Thus, water quantity may be increased in the western US; however, the timing of runoff will be altered because precipitation will more frequently occur as rain rather than as snow.
Mechanical investigation of in-situ produced aluminium matrix syntactic foam-filled tubes (2021)

This research focuses on the mechanical investigations of in-situ produced AlSi12 aluminium alloy matrix syntactic foam-filled tubes. The samples were manufactured by low-pressure infiltration in a tube made from AlMgSi0.5. As second phase 3.5–4 mm average diameter lightweight expanded clay aggregate particles were used. The mechanical analysis extends to compressive tests of three different type of samples: empty tubes, metal matrix syntactic foams, and foam-filled tubes. The results show the best specific mechanical energy absorbing capacity in the case of foam-filled tubes, since the matrix creates a durable boundary layer with the tube wall.
INFEVERS: the Registry for FMF and hereditary inflammatory disorders mutations (2003)

We have established the INFEVERS--INternet periodic FEVERS--website (which is freely accessible at http://fmf.igh.cnrs.fr/infevers/). Our objectives were to develop a specialist site to gather updated information on mutations responsible for hereditary inflammatory disorders: i.e. Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF), TRAPS (TNF Receptor 1A Associated Syndrome), HIDS (HyperIgD Syndrome), MWS (Muckle-Wells Syndrome)/FCU (Familial Cold Urticaria)/CINCA (Chronic Infantile Neurological Cutaneous and Articular Syndrome). Contributors submit their novel mutations through a 3 step form. Depending on the disease concerned, a member of the editorial board is automatically solicited to overview and validate new submissions, via a special secured web interface. If accepted, the new mutation is available on the INFEVERS web site and the discoverer, who is informed by email, is credited by having his/her name and date of the discovery on the site. The INFEVERS gateway provides researchers and clinicians with a common access location for information on similar diseases, allowing a rapid overview of the corresponding genetic defects at a glance. Furthermore, it is interactive and extendable according to the latest genes discovered.
Activation of the Cellular DNA Damage Response in the Absence of DNA Lesions (2008)

The cellular DNA damage response (DDR) is initiated by the rapid recruitment of repair factors to the site of DNA damage to form a multiprotein repair complex. How the repair complex senses damaged DNA and then activates the DDR is not well understood. We show that prolonged binding of DNA repair factors to chromatin can elicit the DDR in an ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated)- and DNAPK (DNA-dependent protein kinase)-dependent manner in the absence of DNA damage. Targeting of single repair factors to chromatin revealed a hierarchy of protein interactions within the repair complex and suggests amplification of the damage signal. We conclude that activation of the DDR does not require DNA damage and stable association of repair factors with chromatin is likely a critical step in triggering, amplifying, and maintaining the DDR signal.
Attosecond electron bunch measurement with coherent nonlinear Thomson scattering (2020)

We present a novel method for measurement of ultrashort electron-bunch duration, in principle, as short as zeptosecond (${10}^{\ensuremath{-}21}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{s}$). The method employs nonlinear Thomson scattering of relativistically intense laser light, and takes advantage of the nonlinear dependence and coherence of scattered light on electron bunch length. We validate the method and test its range of applicability via simulations by using realistic (nonideal) electron beams. Due to the wide flexibility in choice of interaction geometry and scattering laser pulse properties enabled by the method, it is shown to be applicable over a wide range of electron beam parameters, including energy, energy spread, and divergence angle.
Replication of satellite DNA in the Kangaroo rat cells during inhibition of protein synthesis. (1980)

The effects of inhibition of protein synthesis by puromycin on the replication of satellite DNA in the Kangaroo rat cells, D. ordii were studied. In all experiments, cells were partially synchronized at the beginning of the S phase. When protein synthesis is inhibited by puromycin, overall rate of DNA synthesis in the S phase cells is reduced. Replication of satellite DNA which replicates later in the S phase is equally sensitive to puromycin as early replicating other bulk of DNA. The reduction in the overall rate of DNA synthesis was further examined at the level of replicons by using DNA fiber autoradiography. The rate of DNA chain elongation within individual replicons is slightly reduced in puromycin-treated cells. However, this reduction in the rate of DNA chain elongation at the level of replicons does not entirely account for the inhibition of overall rate of DNA synthesis per cell. When cells were labeled for longer periods in the presence of puromycin, the formation of long radioactive pieces of DNA was prevented and small pieces were accumulated. The failure in the formation of long radioactive pieces may be due to the inability to activate replicons or their clusters which are not yet activated. These results indicate that inhibition of satellite DNA replication does require protein synthesis in similar manner as observed in the other bulk of nuclear DNA.
Zero-order noise suppression with various space-shifting manipulations of reconstructed images in digital holography (2011)

In this paper, we describe various numerical space-shifting manipulations of the reconstructed images to remove the dc noise in the reconstruction, in terms of the periodicity characteristics of images in digital holography. The theoretical interpretation on different reconstruction periods of the image and the dc noise is described in detail for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. It is related to CCD sampling periods or frequencies for the fringes and the dc term of a hologram. With the calculations of Hadamard product of two different spatially shifted images and subsequent extraction of the root of it, the dc noise can be suppressed effectively and a clear image with the original intensity contrast can be obtained at the center in the hologram reconstruction, particularly when the image and the dc noise are completely or partially superposed with each other. The experiments for both in-line and off-axis imaging cases show that all results are completely consistent with theoretical predictions.
An immunocytochemical study of maternal immunoglobulin localization in the suckling pig intestine (1990)

In this study we used colloidal gold probes to detect the intracellular localization of colostral immunoglobulins in intestinal epithelial cells of newborn piglets. Tissues were obtained from non-suckled newborn and suckled piglets aged between 1 hour to 1 month. Samples were fixed in 2.5 % glutaraldehyde, osmicated and embedded into Spurr’s resin. Thin (80 nm) sections were etched with 5% sodium ethoxide for 5 min, washed and treated with 4 % sodium- m -periodate in distilled water for 30 min. The sections were then first incubated with blocking buffer (2 % BSA, 0.25 % fish skin gelatin, 0.5 % Tween 20 in 10 mM Trizma buffer, pH=7.4 containing 500 mM NaCl) for 30 min followed by the immunoreagents diluted in the same buffer, 1 hr each. For the detection of pig immunoglobulins a rabbit anti-pig IgG antiserum was used followed by goat anti-rabbit IgG-Au 10 or protein A-Au 15 probes.
Assembly, characterization, and electrochemical properties of immobilized metal bipyridyl complexes on silicon(111) surfaces (2014)

Silicon(111) surfaces have been functionalized with mixed monolayers consisting of submonolayer coverages of immobilized 4-vinyl-2,2'-bipyridyl (1, vbpy) moieties, with the remaining atop sites of the silicon surface passivated by methyl groups. As the immobilized bipyridyl ligands bind transition metal ions, metal complexes can be assembled on the silicon surface. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) demonstrates that bipyridyl complexes of [Cp*Rh], [Cp*Ir], and [Ru(acac)2] were formed on the surface (Cp* is pentamethylcyclopentadienyl, acac is acetylacetonate). For the surface prepared with Ir, X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the Ir LIII edge showed an edge energy as well as post-edge features that were essentially identical with those observed on a powder sample of [Cp*Ir(bpy)Cl]Cl (bpy is 2,2'-bipyridyl). Charge-carrier lifetime measurements confirmed that the silicon surfaces retain their highly favorable photoelectronic properties upon assembly of the metal complexes. Electrochemical data for surfaces prepared on highly doped, n-type Si(111) electrodes showed that the assembled molecular complexes were redox active. However the stability of the molecular complexes on the surfaces was limited to several cycles of voltammetry.
Extension and optimization of a three-layer method for the estimation of thermal conductivity of super-insulating materials (2014)

The three-layer method is a characterization method dedicated to the measurement of the thermal conductivity of small samples made out of insulating or super-insulating materials. It is based on the transient recording of the mean temperatures of two brass plates placed, respectively, above and under the sample, one of them being heated. In case of a super insulating material, the rate of heat flow from the heated to the unheated plate through the surrounding air is not negligible with respect to the rate of heat flow through the sample. It is shown that introduction of a simple parallel thermal resistance allows taking this flow of heat into account. An analytical model, based on a new quadrupolar approach, was developed to estimate this resistance considered further as a known parameter in the estimation process. An experimental study was carried out to characterize samples whose thermal conductivities have been measured previously with another method. The deviation of the estimated thermal conductivities from these reference values with respect to the three-layer method results reaches 29% without considering parallel heat flow but is lower than 2% using the new model.
Isometric MT: Neural Machine Translation for Automatic Dubbing (2021)

Automatic dubbing (AD) is among the machine translation (MT) use cases where translations should match a given length to allow for synchronicity between source and target speech. For neural MT, generating translations of length close to the source length (e.g. within +-10% in character count), while preserving quality is a challenging task. Controlling MT output length comes at a cost to translation quality, which is usually mitigated with a two step approach of generating N-best hypotheses and then re-ranking based on length and quality. This work introduces a self-learning approach that allows a transformer model to directly learn to generate outputs that closely match the source length, in short Isometric MT. In particular, our approach does not require to generate multiple hypotheses nor any auxiliary ranking function. We report results on four language pairs (English - French, Italian, German, Spanish) with a publicly available benchmark. Automatic and manual evaluations show that our method for Isometric MT outperforms more complex approaches proposed in the literature.
Onset of nondiffusive phonon transport in transient thermal grating decay (2011)

The relaxation of a spatially sinusoidal temperature perturbation in a dielectric crystal at a temperature comparable to or higher than the Debye temperature is investigated theoretically. We assume that most phonons contributing to the specific heat have a mean free path (MFP) much shorter than the thermal transport distance and can be described by the thermal diffusion model. Low-frequency phonons that may have MFP comparable to or longer than the grating period are described by the Boltzmann transport equation. These low-frequency phonons are assumed to interact with the thermal reservoir of high-frequency phonons but not with each other. Within the single mode relaxation time approximation, an analytical expression for the thermal grating relaxation rate is obtained. We show that the contribution of ``ballistic'' phonons with long MFP to the effective thermal conductivity governing the grating decay is suppressed compared to their contribution to thermal transport at long distances. The reduction in the effective thermal conductivity in Si at room temperature is found to be significant at grating periods as large as 10 \ensuremath{\mu}m.
Optimizing pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations against high inocula of ESBL-producing bacteria (2020)

A dense population of ESBL-producing bacteria could be suppressed by an optimized dosing regimen of selected β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations. The reversibility of enzyme inhibition could play an important role in diminishing the inoculum effect. In vivo investigations to validate these findings are warranted.
State-aware Network Access Management for Software-Defined Networks (2016)

OpenFlow, as the prevailing technique for Software-Defined Networks (SDNs), introduces significant programmability, granularity, and flexibility for many network applications to effectively manage and process network flows. However, because OpenFlow attempts to keep the SDN data plane simple and efficient, it focuses solely on L2/L3 network transport and consequently lacks the fundamental ability of stateful forwarding for the data plane. Also, OpenFlow provides a very limited access to connection-level information in the SDN controller. In particular, for any network access management applications on SDNs that require comprehensive network state information, these inherent limitations of OpenFlow pose significant challenges in supporting network services. To address these challenges, we propose an innovative connection tracking framework called STATEMON that introduces a global state-awareness to provide better access control in SDNs. STATEMON is based on a lightweight extension of OpenFlow for programming the stateful SDN data plane, while keeping the underlying network devices as simple as possible. To demonstrate the practicality and feasibility of STATEMON, we implement and evaluate a stateful network firewall and port knocking applications for SDNs, using the APIs provided by STATEMON. Our evaluations show that STATEMON introduces minimal message exchanges for monitoring active connections in SDNs with manageable overhead (3.27% throughput degradation).