gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Derivatization of Antibody Fab Fragments: A Designer Enzyme for Native Protein Modification (2014)

Bioconjugates, such as antibody-drug conjugates, have gained recent attention because of their increasing use in therapeutic and diagnostic applications. Commonly used conjugation reactions based upon chemoselective reagents exhibit a number of drawbacks: most of these reactions lack regio- and stereospecificity, thus resulting in loss of protein functionality due to random modifications. Enzymes provide an obvious solution to this problem, but the intrinsic (natural) substrate specificities of existing enzymes pose severe limitations to the kind of modifications that can be introduced. Here we describe the application of the novel trypsin variant trypsiligase for site-specific modification of the C terminus of a Fab antibody fragment via a stable peptide bond. The suitability of this designed biocatalyst was demonstrated by coupling the Her2-specific Fab to artificial functionalities of either therapeutic (PEG) or diagnostic (fluorescein) relevance. In both cases we obtained homogeneously modified Fab products bearing the artificial functionality exclusively at the desired position.
The rate of decohesion of a gas turbine blade as assessed with the X-ray computed tomography (CT) (2013)

The overheating of the material is among major reasons for failures/damages to gas turbine blades throughout the entire process of operating aircraft turbine engines. The essential method of diagnosing condition of the blades is metallographic examination being however a destructive technique. The paper has been intended to discuss one of non-destructive testing (NDT) methods, i.e. the X-ray computed tomography (CT), and capabilities of applying it to diagnose changes in condition of gas turbine blades. ‘Tomography’ is a comprehensive term to define a set of diagnostic techniques to produce three-dimensional images that present cross-sections through detail items under scrutiny. The CT is a transmission diagnostic technique that allows layered models (images) of details to be acquired. Most commonly, it is used in research laboratories and throughout the process of the product quality inspection. The paper delivers findings of the preliminary investigation into the assessment of health/maintenance status of gas turbine blades by means of the X-ray computed tomography. The results gained have been successfully verified using the metallographic examination techniques. It has been found that the radiographic imaging method enables recognition of types, sizes, and locations of internal faults in the blades while generating three-dimensional images thereof. Presented are capabilities of the high-resolution X-ray inspection machine with computed tomography (CT), V/tome/x, furnished with a 300 kV tube, and the CT data processing capabilities of the VG Studio Max software solution, high-performance CT reconstruction included (using an optional module). At the same time work is under way with the X-ray tube for nanotomography with the 0.5 Pm resolution to examine, in particular, modern composite materials.
Ultrasonically-Induced Vaporization of Perfluorocarbon Droplets for Occlusion Therapy of Breast Cancer (2004)

Abstract : A technique termed Acoustic Droplet Vaporization (ADV) has been developed in which ultrasound triggers small liquid droplets to form gas bubbles in arterial blood. The droplets are injected intravenously thus eliminating catheterization. Droplets vaporize into bubbles at the desired location in the body by applying ultrasound through the skin. Using renal occlusion as a model blood flow following ADV in the renal artery was reduced by greater than 90% in the renal cortex and more than 60% in the medullary tissues. An average organ perfusion reduction of >70% was achieved using ADV. The studies performed represented the most extensive investigation of flow occlusion by ADV to date. The control kidney on the contralateral side showed a maximum decrease in regional blood flow of 18% relative to the pre- ADV baseline. Image-based hyper-echogenicity from ADV of IA injections was monitored for approximately 90 minutes and cortex perfusion was reduced by >60% of its original value for more than 1 hour. This could be enough time for the onset of cell death and possible tumor treatment via ischemic necrosis. Moreover currently used radiofrequency tissue ablation-based tumor treatment could benefit from ADV due to the decreased heat loss via vascular cooling.
Effects of FPGA architecture on FPGA routing (1995)

Although many traditional Mask Programmed Gate Array (MPGA) algorithms can be applied to FPGA routing, FPGA architectures impose critical constraints and provide alternative views of the routing problem that allow innovative new algorithms to be applied. This paper describes routing models provided by some commercial FPGA architectures, and points out the effects of these architectures on routing algorithms. Implicit in the discussion is a commentary on current and future research in FPGA routing.
Butterbur, a herbal remedy, confers complementary anti‐inflammatory activity in asthmatic patients receiving inhaled corticosteroids (2004)

Chronic dosing with BB conferred complementary anti-inflammatory activity in atopic asthmatic patients maintained on inhaled corticosteroids. Further studies are now required to assess the potential role for BB as either monotherapy in milder patients or add-on therapy in more severe asthmatics.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF HUMAN PAROTID AND SUBMAXILLARY SALIVA AMYLASE. (1969)

Abstract : The amylase of human parotid and submaxillary gland secretions was isolated by chromatography on columns of Sephadex G-100. Acrylamide gel electrophoresis of the chromatographic fractions possessing amylase activity revealed matching isoenzyme stain patterns for both types of secretion under various electrophoretic conditions. (Author)
LTE resistance to jamming capability: To which extend a standard LTE system is able to resist to intentional jammers (2013)

This paper is providing an analysis on how an LTE-based mobile broadband communication system would be able to survive and resist to intentional jammers as encountered in some military use cases. This analysis has been developed using our LTE knowledge for professional usage and our own expertise on jammers characteristics and use cases.
NEW INVESTIGATOR AWARD FINALISTS NIA0001 Induction of differentiation in human preadipocytes may contribute to adipogenic effect of human adenovirus Ad‐36 (2006)

Human adenovirus Ad‐36 causes adiposity in animal models and shows association with human obesity. The mechanism involved is unknown. We previously reported that Ad‐36 enhances differentiation of 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes and E4orf‐1 gene of the virus is responsible for the adipogenic effect in the rodent cell line. We undertook a three‐step approach to investigate the role of preadipocyte differentiation in adipogenic effect of Ad‐36. First, we showed that the viral mRNA is expressed in adipose‐derived stem cells (ASC) of animals experimentally infected with Ad‐36. Infection of rats with Ad‐36 resulted in increased epididymal fat pad weight and the expression of Ad‐36 E4orf‐1 mRNA was detected in ASC isolated from the fat pads. Next, we determined if humans naturally infected with Ad‐36 will show greater preadipocyte differentiation. Subcutaneous adipose‐tissue samples from 33 Pima Indian subjects were screened by nested‐PCR specific for Ad‐36 DNA. Nine subjects (27%) had Ad‐36 DNA. A blinded comparison of their ASC showed greater differentiation to adipocytes for the Ad‐36 DNA positive subjects ( P = 0.06) compared to the Ad‐36 DNA negative group. Finally, we used a direct approach. Human‐ASC when infected with Ad‐36 showed spontaneous replication, differentiation, and lipid accumulation, which was significantly greater than the uninfected controls ( P &lt; 0.01). Ad‐36 induced lipid accumulation in human‐ASC increased in response to the viral load and the lipogenic response was observed regardless of the donor gender and over an age range of 22–57 years. These results suggest that ability of Ad‐36 to induce preadipocyte differentiation may play a role in human adiposity.
Association between the circadian course of endogenous noradrenaline and the hematopoietic cell cycle in mouse bone marrow (1998)

Noradrenergic innervation is present in bone marrow and bone marrow cells are endowed with adrenergic receptors. It has been shown that chemical sympathectomy or administration of the α1 adrenergic antagonist prazosin enhance myelopoiesis and inhibit lymphopoiesis 1,2. Moreover, noradrenaline and other adrenergic agonists inhibit the growth of granulocyte macrophage-colony forming units (GM-CFU) in vitro via adrenoceptors present on bone marrow cells 2 and protect mice acutely injected with lethal doses of the myelotoxic drug carboplatin 3. However, the role of endogenous catecholamines in the modulation of lymphohematopoiesis is still to be clarified. Since hematopoietic function shows a circadian rhythmicity both in mice and humans 4,5, in this study the concentration of catecholamines in mouse bone marrow was measured at various times of the day in both normal or chemically sympathectomized mice and the possibility of any association between bone marrow catecholamine content and the proportion of cells in the various phases of the cell cycle was investigated. In addition, preliminary observations were made concerning the hypothesis that bone marrow cells might themselves be a source of catecholamines.
Cooperação internacional e políticas de ação afirmativa: o papel da Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde (OPAS) (2010)

The article analyzes the formulation, legitimation, and implementation of a policy with an ethnic/race approach by the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO). The study includes the emergence of the theme within this international organization, the institutional dynamics related to it, and the proposals focused on the Black population in Latin America. These issues are discussed on the basis of interaction between PAHO and a range of intergovernmental agencies and private organizations working in the international health domain. Participation by PAHO in the ethnic/racial theme provides elements for understanding the dual role played by intergovernmental organizations in the new global scenario, as both social actors and arenas. As an important social actor in the international health field, PAHO has produced and disseminated values and guidelines related to the ethnic/racial theme. As an arena, the organization has proven open to various interests, seeking to work harmoniously with them through its internal administration.
Genetic microbial faecal source tracking: rising technology to support future water quality testing and safety management (2021)

Abstract Recent developments in water resource monitoring have increased the demand for the reliable identification of faecal pollution sources, also defined as microbial (faecal) source tracking (MST). Standardized faecal indicator bacteria (SFIB) enumeration does not directly support MST, as SFIB occur in animal and human sources. The aim of this study was to rigorously evaluate the applicability of host-associated faecal genetic MST markers detected by quantitative PCR (qPCR) at representative Austrian water resources (ground-, surface-, raw and treated wastewater, n = 196 samples) with high importance for the water management sector. Groundwater covered a gradient of non- (i.e., deep wells) to surface influenced resources (i.e., karst and shallow wells). In addition, single faecal excreta from humans as well as representative livestock and wildlife species were collected to evaluate the faecal source-specificity and -sensitivity of the MST assays. Genetic MST marker resistance against UV irradiation was evaluated in on-site ground and wastewater treatment installations. Bacteroides -based human- (HF183II, BacHum), ruminant- (BacR), and pig-associated (Pig2Bac) MST marker qPCR quantification was performed in concert with cultivation of E. coli , intestinal enterococci, and Clostridium perfringens (SFIB diagnostics). The selected MST makers revealed high faecal source identification capacity for the Austrian water compartments and quantitatively reflected the selected faecal pollution gradient. The study also demonstrated that SFIB data can efficiently be combined with MST data to solve previously unanswered questions in water safety monitoring and management (e.g., support pollution source-targeted catchment protection, hazard assessment, and health risk management). Further research and development needs are discussed to exploit the full power of MST technology. In conclusion, this study illustrates the capacity of molecular faecal pollution diagnostics to revolutionize water quality testing in the decades to come.
Neurturin protects dopaminergic neurons following medial forebrain bundle axotomy (1998)

TO determine whether neurturin (NTN), a recently identified homologue of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), is able to preserve tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity (TH-IR) in a rat model of Parkinson's disease, polymer encapsulated cells genetically engineered to release NTN were implanted near the substantia nigra 1 week before a unilateral medial forebrain bundle axotomy. Animals were allowed to survive for 1 week post-axotomy. Upon sacrifice, animals that received a NTN capsule had a significantly higher percentage of TH-IR (lesioned side vs non-lesioned side) than animals that had received a capsule containing nontransfected parent cells. However, in contrast to GDNF, no reduction of turning was observed upon amphetamine rotation with NTN. Nevertheless, these results suggest that NTN might have a therapeutic value for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
Pronounced between‐subject and circadian variability in thymidylate synthase and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase enzyme activity in human volunteers (2016)

BSV and circadian variability in DPD and TS activity were demonstrated. Circadian rhythmicity in DPD might be tissue dependent. The results suggested an influence of circadian rhythms on phenotype-guided fluoropyrimidine dosing and supported implications for chronotherapy with high-dose fluoropyrimidine administration during the night.
Effects of Sudden Deprivation and Restoration of Insulin Secretion on Glucose Metabolism in Dogs (1965)

Fourteen subtotally depancreatized aglycosuric dogs had the remaining pedunculated uncinate process enclosed in plastic casing and grafted subcutaneously. After one week the pedicle of the auto graft was clamped for thirty to sixty minutes. In seven dogs given intravenous glucose at the time of clamping, diabetes-like changes in glucose tolerance occurred which increased in magnitude with increasing duration of deprivation of exogenous insulin. In seven fasting dogs the blood glucose level was rising in the four- to tenminute interval after clamping. In three such dogs (one under local and two under Nembutal anesthesia) the method of successive measured injections of tracer (C-14-glucose U.L.) showed that the rate of glucose appearance had doubled and the rate of its disappearance was decreased to one third at one to thirteen minutes after clamping, resulting in high rates of accumulation of body glucose. The initial increase in the rate of glucose production appears to result from glycogenolysis. Restoration of blood flow through the autograft (unclamping) caused a prompt decrease in rate of appearance of unlabeled glucose and increase in its rate of disappearance, resulting in restoration of these rates to their preclamping values within fifteen hours, and to a restored tolerance for intravenous glucose. The rapidity of these rate changes at clamping and unclamping demonstrates the importance of the continuous secretion of native insulin to prevent glucose accumulation in the partially depancreatized dog.
Numerical simulation of 10-Gbit/s transmission over 9000 km with 50-km amplifier spacing using optical phase conjugation in the terminal unit (2002)

In conclusion, the natural variation of the link chromatic dispersion suppresses the sideband instability in transmission over transoceanic distances without in-line dispersion compensation. A transmission over 9000 km with 50-km amplifier spacing using terminal optical phase conjugation was numerically simulated yielding a Q factor of 12.
Understanding the Performance and Stability of Supported Ni-Co-Based Catalysts in Phenol HDO (2016)

Performances of bimetallic catalysts (Ni-Co) supported on different acidic carriers (HZSM-5, HBeta, HY, ZrO2) and corresponding monometallic Ni catalysts in aqueous phase hydrodeoxygenation of phenol were compared in batch and continuous flow modes. The results revealed that the support acidity plays an important role in deoxygenation as it mainly controls the oxygen-removing steps in the reaction network. At the same time, sufficient hydrothermal stability of a solid catalyst is essential. Batch experiments revealed 10Ni10Co/HZSM-5 to be the best-performing catalyst in terms of conversion and cyclohexane yield. Complementary continuous runs provided more insights into the relationship between catalyst structure, efficiency and stability. After 24 h on-stream, the catalyst still reveals 100% conversion and a slight loss (from 100% to 90%) in liquid hydrocarbon selectivity. The observed alloy of Co with Ni increased dispersion and stability of Ni-active sites, and combination with HZSM-5 resulted in a well-balanced ratio of metal and acid sites which promoted all necessary steps in preferred pathways. This was proved by studies of fresh and spent catalysts using various characterization techniques (N2 physisorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and infrared spectroscopy of adsorbed pyridine (pyr-IR)).
JMJD6 Cleaves MePCE to Release P-TEFb (2019)

Abstract More than 30% of genes in higher eukaryotes are regulated by promoter-proximal pausing of RNA polymerase II (Pol II). Phosphorylation of Pol II-CTD by positive transcription elongation factor (P-TEFb) is a necessary precursor event that enables productive transcription elongation. The exact mechanism on how the sequestered P-TEFb is released from the 7SK snRNP complex and recruited to Pol II-CTD remains unknown. In this report, we reveal methylphosphate capping enzyme (MePCE), a core component of the 7SK snRNP complex, as the cognate substrate for Jumonji domain-containing 6 (JMJD6)’s novel proteolytic function. Our evidences consist of a crystal structure of JMJD6 bound to methyl-arginine, enzymatic assays of JMJD6 cleaving MePCE in vivo and in vitro , binding assays, and downstream effects of Jmjd6 knockout and overexpression on Pol II-CTD phosphorylation. We propose that JMJD6 assists bromodomain containing 4 (BRD4) to recruit P-TEFb to Pol II-CTD by disrupting the 7SK snRNP complex.
Research on the Secondary Interface of Electronic Transformers in Smart Substation (2015)

According to the requirements of smart substation metering system, a digital interface based on IEC 61850 specification is given, then the functional model of the merging unit is discussed. Meanwhile, according to the actual situation, the author proposes an analog output interface, in order to fit with traditional substation secondary equipment. Then the solution based on TMS320F28335 digital control platform is described, for which the voltage control module of the software and hardware circuits are discussed in detail. The experimental data shows that the proposed merging unit and analog voltage output interface can meet the accuracy standard of electronic transformer in the smart substation.
Inhibition of low density lipoprotein uptake in confluent endothelial cell monolayers correlates with a restricted surface receptor redistribution (1979)

Binding of either low density lipoprotein (LDL) or Concanavalin A (ConA) to actively growing vascular endothelial cells is associated with a redistrubution of the appropriate cell surface receptor sites which form patches and caps. This receptor lateral mobility is greatly restricted when endothelial cells reach confluence and adopt the configuration of a cell monolayer composed of closely apposed and non-overlapping cells. In this case, although the cells still exhibit specific LDL binding to the appropriate cell surface receptor sites, neither the binding of LDL nor of ConA induces a receptor redistribution. The lack of LDL receptor redistribution correlates with a marked decrease in the rate of LDL internalization. In contrast, no such density-dependent changes are observed in cell types which grow on top of each other and form multiple cell layers at confluence. Thus, neither LDL nor ConA induced cap formation in either sparse or confluent smooth muscle cell cultures and the same rate of LDL internalization is observed at both cell densities. Similarly, adsorptive endocytosis of cationized LDL (which enters the cells independently of the LDL receptor sites) was not correlated with a detectable receptor redistribution, nor was it significantly affected by changes in cell density and spatial organization. The formation of a confluent cell monolayer resting on an underlying basement membrane might therefore provide, via a change in membrane dynamics, a mechanism whereby the endothelium of large blood vessels can function as a protective barrier against the high circulating levels of LDL in plasma.
Threshold adjustment of N-channel enhancement mode FETs by ion implantation (1973)

Ion implantation of <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sup> B <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> directly into the channel region was used to adjust the threshold voltage of n-channel enhancement mode FETs. Implantation was performed through a 500Å gate oxide grown during a standard four-mask FET process. Threshold voltage shift was determined as a function of implant dose and energy by measuring the difference in threshold voltage between implanted and unimplanted devices on the same wafer. Threshold voltage shift varied sublinearly with implant dose. These are believed to be the first results reported accurate enough to show this effect. Threshold voltage shift for a given dose is also reduced as implant energy (or channel depth) is increased. These results are easily understood in terms of a simple model in which the collapse of the depletion region at inversion, due to the additional doping in the channel, partially compensates for this additional doping. Data are compared with a numerical solution that for the first time fully accounts for the nonuniform doping profile, with excellent agreement.
Sialic Acid Imprinted Polymer-Coated Quartz Crystal Microbalance (2000)

Molecularly imprinted polymer-coated sensors for sialic acid were developed using a 9 MHz AT-cut quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). Recognition chips of the sensors used in this study were prepared by coating the two types of sialic acid-imprinted polymers with the use of p-vinylbenzeneboronic acid and/or N,N,N-trimethylaminoethyl methacrylate onto QCM. Each piezoelectric sensor showed a selective response to sialic acid and gave a linear relationship between frequency shift and amount of sialic acid from 20 to 250 nmol.