gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anisotropic superconductivity induced at a hybrid superconducting-semiconducting interface (2021)

Epitaxial semiconductor-superconductor heterostructures are promising as a platform for gate-tunable superconducting electronics. Thus far, the superconducting properties in such hybrid systems have been predicted based on simplified hybridization models which neglect the electronic structure that can arise at the interface. Here, we demonstrate that the hybrid electronic structure derived at the interface between semiconducting black phosphorus and atomically thin films of lead can drastically modify the superconducting properties of the thin metallic film. Using ultra-low temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy, we ascertain the moiré structure driven by the interface, and observe a strongly anisotropic renormalization of the superconducting gap and vortex structure of the lead film. Based on density functional theory, we attribute the renormalization of the superconductivity to weak hybridization at the interface where the anisotropic characteristics of the semiconductor band structure is imprinted on the Fermi surface of the superconductor. Based on a hybrid two-band model, we link this hybridization-driven renormalization to a weighting of the superconducting order parameter that quantitatively reproduces the measured spectra. These results illustrate the effect of interfacial hybridization at superconductor-semiconductor heterostructures, and pathways for engineering quantum technologies based on gate-tunable superconducting electronics.
Melting and solidification of Bi nanoparticles in a germanate glass (2007)

A very large melting-solidification hysteresis of Bi nanoparticles embedded in a bulk alkali germanate glass is reported. Heating and cooling cycles are reproducible and show reversible transitions. High resolution transmission electron microscopy reveals that the glass contains nanocrystals of elementary Bi which are a few tenths of a nanometre in size. Upon heating above the Bi melting temperature the glass transmission increases up to 10% with respect to the initial value, which is most likely related to Bi melting. Upon cooling this high transmission state remains up to temperatures as low as 436 K. This behaviour is confirmed by Raman spectroscopy measurements. This nanostructured glass with a high refractive index can be used in nonlinear optical applications as well as an optical thermo-sensor. © IOP Publishing Ltd.
Xanthepinone, an Antimicrobial Polyketide from a Soil Fungus Closely Related to Phoma medicaginis (2009)

The isolation, biological characterization, and structure elucidation of xanthepinone, a novel antifungal metabolite isolated from the broth of submerged cultures of a soil fungus, are described. Xanthepinone inhibits the conidial germination of Magnaporthe grisea (2 microg/mL), Phytophthora infestans (5 microg/mL), and Botrytis cinerea (10 microg/mL) while showing only weak antibacterial activity; cytotoxicity was not observed up to 50 microg/mL. Molecular taxonomy revealed that the producing strain is close to species in the genus Phoma as well as to uncultured soil fungi and endophytes.
Using Electron Beam to the Surface Heat Treatment of the Carbon Steels (2019)

Usage of electron beam shows the possibility of using its energy in different thermic processes. Among these, it is found the heating of mechanical products for the surface heat treatment. During the effectuated practical attempts, two types of construction steels were analyzed, namely carbon steel (OLC 45) and a low alloyed steel (41 Cr 4). The electron beam was applied on samples that were previous subjected to the heat treatment of improvement. The working parameters were chosen in order to obtain the heating of the superficial layer without melting. The samples treated as above were subjected to studies regarding the metallographic structures and the resulted hardness; also there were effectuated wear attempts. It was concluded that the use of electron beam in superficial heat treatment may also fit in practical terms.
Expression of kinin B1 receptors in the spinal cord of streptozotocin-diabetic rat (2004)

Previous studies have reported cardiovascular and nociceptive responses after intrathecal injection of kinin B1 receptor (B1R) agonists in the model of streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rat (diabetic). The aim of this study was to measure the early up-regulation of B1R binding sites and mRNA in the thoracic spinal cord of diabetic and control rats. Data show significant increases of specific B1R binding sites in the dorsal horn of diabetic rats 2 days (+315%), 7 days (+303%) and 21 days (+181%) after STZ treatment. Levels of mRNA were significantly increased (+68%) at 2 and 7 days but not at 21 days. These data bring the first molecular evidence for an early up-regulation of B1R in the spinal cord of diabetic rat.
Gas–Solid Oxidation of Unwashed Lignin to Carboxylic Acids (2020)

The availability and multifunctionality of lignin makes it a desirable, renewable alternative to petroleum for specialty and bulk chemicals. However, recovering lignin from black liquor is expensive, thus lowering its prospect as a raw material source. Direct conversion of unwashed lignin (UL) to chemicals eliminates unit operations and reaction steps, which makes it a more likely feedstock. We compared the selective oxidation of lignin and UL to produce carboxylic acids over vanadium pyrophosphate (VPP), HZSM-5 zeolite, and VPP/HZSM-5 catalysts at atmospheric pressure and varying temperature (from 140 to 650 °C), steam concentration (from 0 to 20%), and oxygen (from 0 to 15.5%). The main acids produced were formic acid, acetic acid, and malonic acid. VPP/HZSM-5 produced 5% more acids with UL compared to treated lignin. The catalytic reaction network comprises both anaerobic and aerobic pathways for oxidation-based valorization of free phenolic guaiacylglycerol-β-guaiacyl ether (GG) and non-phenolic veratrylglycerol β-guaiacyl ether (VG) model lignin compounds. The three main reaction types include selective catalytic oxidative depolymerization with interunit bond breakage (e.g., alkyl–O–aryl bonds), alkyl side chain modification (e.g., Cα–OH to Cα═O ketone), and aromatic ring oxidation and ring opening to produce benzoquinones and dicarboxylic acids.
Predicting Environmental Chemical Toxicity using a New Hybrid Deep Machine Learning Method (2021)

Humans are exposed to thousands of potentially toxic chemicals including environmental chemicals such as industrial wastes, food products, solvents, air pollutants, fertilizers, pesticides, insecticides, carcinogens, drugs, metals/metalloids, and other industrial chemicals. Approximately 300,000 such chemicals currently in use, unfortunately little is known about their potential toxicity. Determining human toxicity potential of chemicals remains a challenge due to a substantial resource required to assess a chemical in-vivo, and only a few thousand single chemicals in commercial use has been evaluated. In this study, to predict the environmental chemical toxicity, we developed a new hybrid neural network (HNN) deep learning model consisting of a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and multilayer perceptron (MLP) type feed forward neural network (FFNN). Our HNN deep learning model trained based on thousands of chemicals, presented the best performance for majority of the cases. Taken together, our hybrid HNN deep learning models has a wide applicability in the prediction of toxicity of any chemical category and its mixtures.
DNA methylation marker and prediction of outcome in node-positive, estrogen-receptor positive breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant anthracyclin-based chemotherapy (2008)

11046 Background: We have shown that DNA methylation of the PITX2 gene predicts risk of distant recurrence in steroid hormone receptor-positive, node-negative breast cancer. Here, we present results from a multi-center study investigating whether PITX2 and other candidate DNA methylation markers predict outcome in node-positive, estrogen receptor (ER)-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer patients who received adjuvant anthracyclin-based chemotherapy. Methods: Using a microarray platform, we analyzed DNA methylation in regulatory regions of PITX2 and 60 additional candidate genes in 241 breast cancer specimens. Using Cox regression analysis we assessed the predictive power of the individual marker/marker panel candidates. Clinical endpoints were time to distant metastasis, disease-free survival, and overall survival. A nested bootstrap/cross-validation strategy was applied to identify and validate marker panels. Median follow-up was 82 months. Results: DNA methylation of PITX2 and 14 other genes was significantly correlated with clinical outcome. In multivariate models, each methylation marker added significant information to established clinical factors. A 4-marker panel including PITX2, BMP4, FGF4, and C20orf55 was identified that resulted in further improvement of outcome prediction compared to PITX2 alone. Conclusions: This study provides further evidence for the PITX2 biomarker, which has now been successfully confirmed to predict outcome among different breast cancer patient populations. We further identify new DNA methylation biomarkers, 3 of which can be combined into a panel with PITX2 to increase the outcome prediction performance in our anthracyclin-treated primary breast cancer population. Our results demonstrate that a well- defined panel of DNA methylation markers enables outcome prediction in lymph node-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer patients treated with anthracyclin-based chemotherapy. Considering the long-term toxicities of anthracyclines and new effective non-anthracycline combinations, patients with poor outcome may be candidates for non-anthracycline regimens. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Epigenomics Epigenomics
A unified approach to topology generation and area optimization of general floorplans (1995)

In this paper, it is shown that for any rectangularly dualizable graph, a feasible topology can be obtained by using only either straight or Z-cutlines recursively within a bounding rectangle. Given an adjacency graph, a potential topology, which may be nonslicible and is likely to yield an optimally sized floorplan, is produced first in a top-dozen fashion using heuristic search in AND-OR graphs. The advantage of this technique is four-fold: (i) accelerates top-down search phase, (ii) generates a floorplan with minimal number of nonslice cores, (iii) ensures safe routing order without addition of pseudo-modules, and (iv) solves the bottom-up algorithm efficiently for optimal sizing of general floorplans in the second phase.
Review of Photorejuvenation (2005)

Although supported only by theoretic considerations and anecdotal reports, it seems logical that the concurrent use of appropriate cosmeceuticals with nonablative laser photorejuvenation should result in enhanced benefits.
Speeding Melody Search With Vantage Point Trees. (2008)

[TODO] Add abstract here.
INFLUENCE OF CH4 AND Ar ON THE MORPHOLOGIES OF Al2O3 - CVD COATINGS (1991)

The influence of CH4 and Ar addition to the AlCl3/CO2/H2 system on the morphology and grain size of Al2O3 CVD deposition was examined. The Al2O3 growth rate decreased at a CH4 concentration of 10 vol%. High concentrations of CH4 caused fine grained Al2O3 crystals but these coatings were porous and consisted of branched crystals. High Ar additions of more than 27 mol% led to the formation of more monolytic Al2O3 coatings. The simultaneous addition of CH4/Ar mixtures during deposition allowed the formation of uniform, compact and extremely fine grained Al2O3 coatings. The adhesion of the Al2O3 coatings was measured by a simple Rockwell indentation test. The grain refinement is explained by a carbon codeposition resulting from methane pyrolysis.
A multilevel data integration resource for breast cancer study (2010)

The G2SBC Database represents a systems biology oriented data integration approach devoted to breast cancer. By means of the analysis capabilities provided by the web interface, it is possible to overcome the limits of reductionist resources, enabling predictions that can lead to new experiments.
A Network Topology Description Model for Grid Application Deployment (2005)

Computational grids are probably among the most heterogeneous computing systems. However, they are very attractive for their potential computational power. Their heterogeneity is especially perceptible during the deployment of grid applications. In particular, an automatic and efficient deployment of grid applications on resources requires to have access to the characteristics of the resources. This paper presents a description model of (grid) networks which provides a functional view of the network topology. The simplicity of the proposed model does not hinder the description of complex network topologies (asymmetric links, firewalls, nonIP networks, nonhierarchical topologies).
ChemInform Abstract: BENZOCYCLOHEPTENES AND HETEROCYCLIC ANALOGUES AS POTENTIAL DRUGS PART 8, 5‐SUBSTITUTED 6,6‐DIMETHYL‐6,7,8,9‐TETRAHYDRO‐5H‐BENZOCYCLOHEPTENES (1973)

Abstract Das durch Methylierung des Heptenons (Ia) mit Methyljodid in Gegenwart von NaNH 2 in Benzol in guter Ausbeute erhältliche Keton (Ib) wird durch Grignard‐ Reaktion in den Alkohol (II) übergeführt, aus dem bei der Behandlung mit konz. HCl das Propylidenderivat (III) als Gemisch geometrischer Isomerer entsteht.
1999 ESOP Data Report (1999)

For 2003, the ESOP monitored all pathways for human exposure to radiological contaminants&#13;\nfrom the SRS. In general, the SCDHEC ESOP results indicate that while there continues to be a&#13;\nmeasurable impact on the environment from the SRS, the values are, in most cases, below&#13;\nestablished Federally mandated contaminant guidelines, and the results are consistent with those&#13;\nvalues reported by the DOE-SR.
Pressure loss measurement in rotor-stator gap of radial flux electrical machines (2014)

The present paper investigates the effects of rotation on flow resistance of the flow passing through the rotor-stator gap of radial flux electrical machine. Rotational pressure loss was measured and compared with the results predicted using computational fluid dynamic (CFD) methods. By using dimensional analysis, correlation for the shock loss coefficient is proposed. It provides a significant contribution to the field of thermal modelling of electrical machines, such as thermofluid modelling using Motor-CAD.
Fungal-induced corrosion of wire rope (1995)

Localized corrosion of carbon steel wire rope stored in a humid environment on wooden spools was caused by organic acid and carbon dioxide production by fungi growing directly on the wood. Fungal growth was found on the interior so the wooden spools, and corrosion was most severe on the wrap of wire in direct contact with the wood. Laboratory experiments and an extensive review of the literature demonstrated causal relationships between storage conditions and fungal growth and localized corrosion.
Laser-driven magnetized liner inertial fusion (2017)

A laser-driven, magnetized liner inertial fusion (MagLIF) experiment is designed for the OMEGA Laser System by scaling down the Z point design to provide the first experimental data on MagLIF scaling. OMEGA delivers roughly 1000× less energy than Z, so target linear dimensions are reduced by factors of ∼10. Magneto-inertial fusion electrical discharge system could provide an axial magnetic field of 10 T. Two-dimensional hydrocode modeling indicates that a single OMEGA beam can preheat the fuel to a mean temperature of ∼200 eV, limited by mix caused by heat flow into the wall. One-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) modeling is used to determine the pulse duration and fuel density that optimize neutron yield at a fuel convergence ratio of roughly 25 or less, matching the Z point design, for a range of shell thicknesses. A relatively thinner shell, giving a higher implosion velocity, is required to give adequate fuel heating on OMEGA compared to Z because of the increase in thermal losses in smaller targets. Two-dimensional MHD modeling of the point design gives roughly a 50% reduction in compressed density, temperature, and magnetic field from 1-D because of end losses. Scaling up the OMEGA point design to the MJ laser energy available on the National Ignition Facility gives a 500-fold increase in neutron yield in 1-D modeling.
IGF-I Concentrations Are Altered in Serum, But Not Transdermal Fluid During Underfeeding And Overfeeding (2010)

IGF-I is a pleiotrophic and ubiquitous polypeptide shown to be influenced by nutritional status. Previous research has focused on serum IGF-I, but there remains a paucity of research exploring other biocompartments in closer proximity to tissue/cells.Sampling IGF-I in transdermal fluid (TDF) offers the benefit of being minimally invasive yet remains to be validated. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to examine the free IGF-I (fIGF-I) and total IGF-I (tIGF-I) response to underfeeding and overfeeding in serum and TDF. METHODS: 10 healthy men (22±2 yrs) were assigned to 3 interventions over 12 days: 4 days each of energy balance (EB), underfeeding [(UF); 60% of EB], and overfeeding [(OF); 150% of EB] with the goal of mimicking the energy balance change perturbations observed during and after short-term military operations. Blood samples were obtained via indwelling catheter and TDF was obtained using minimally-invasive vacuum pressure in combination with laser microporation of the stratum corneum. TDF and serum samples were collected on the 4th day of each intervention at 3 time points: morning, mid-day, and afternoon and pooled to ensure adequate sample volume for analysis. Friedman ANOVA and Sign Test were used for statistical analysis. IGF-I was measured using immuno assays. RESULTS: Serum tIGF-I decreased from EB to UF, with no significant change in TDF tIGF-I between interventions. Serum fIGF-I decreased from EB to OF (p≤0.05), with no significant change in TDF fIGF-I between interventions.Table 1: Total and free IGF-I concentrations (ng/mL) measured in serum and TDF during the 4th day of each intervention. * P ≤ 0.05 versus EB. P ≤ 0.05 versus serum.CONCLUSION: These data demonstrate that 4 days of underfeeding or overfeeding elicit variable tIGF-I and fIGF-I concentrations in serum, while there were no significant changes in tIGF-I or fIGF-I concentrations measured in transdermal fluid.
Evaluation of Impulse Response-Based BIST Techniques for MEMS in the Presence of Weak Nonlinearities (2005)

Microsystems are usually affected by multiple failure sources. A faulty behavior caused by different types of defects and failure sources can exhibit small functional errors that are difficult to detect using structural testing. From here stems the necessity to apply specification-based functional testing on the basis of a method that carries enough information about the physical behavior of the device under test (DUT). Such a method can be attained by the impulse response (IR) measurement of the linear DUT. In this paper we explain three existing techniques to measure the IR of linear time-invariant (LTI) devices. Weak nonlinearities that can be caused by system nonidealities and measurement distortions are considered. Only simple techniques that do not require the presence of a digital signal processor (DSP) on-chip are considered. A detailed comparison between these techniques is carried out to demonstrate our choice for a BIST (built-in self-test) approach.
Rapid Prenatal Detection of Down and Edwards Syndromes by Fluorescent Polymerase Chain Reaction with Short Tandem Repeat Markers (2002)

Chromosome analysis is the main tool for the prenatal diagnosis of trisomies but requires great technical expertise and time consuming manual procedures. Recently, alternative methods, which provide rapidity and accuracy, without culture, have been developed for pregnant women requiring rapid decisions for termination. In this study, multiplex fluorescent polymerase chain reactions (F-PCRs) were performed by the concurrent use of short tandem repeat (STR) markers specific for the chromosomes 18 and 21. The aims of this investigation were to evaluate the clinical usefulness of this assay for rapid prenatal detection of Down and Edwards syndromes and then to accumulate the basic data for clinical application. F-PCRs were carried out using DNA extracted from amniotic fluid and peripheral blood derived from 47 normal karyotypes, 23 Down and 8 Edwards syndrome patients. Fluorescent intensities of the PCR products were then calculated. Normal samples displayed diallelic peaks for each STR marker. Reference ranges of peak area ratios were 1.0 - 1.4 for D21S11, 1.0 - 1.5 for D21S1412 and 1.0 - 1.3 for D18S535 and D18S51. Down and Edwards syndromes showed characteristic triallelic peaks of similar intensity corresponding to 3 different alleles or characteristic diallelic peaks. The sensitivity, specificity and efficiency of the assay for detecting Down and Edwards syndromes were 96.7%, 93.6% and 94.8%, respectively. In conclusion, these results show that F-PCR rapidly detects Down and Edwards syndromes with high accuracy and provides normal reference ranges of peak area ratios. However, the presence of false results (4 out of 77 cases) and the possibility of anomalies other than trisomies 21 and 18 do not permit F-PCR to substitute for chromosome analysis.
Stent-Based Gene Therapy (2000)

Delivery of gene therapy to inhibit intimal hyperplasia has been proposed to prevent postangioplasty restenosis. We sought to apply gene therapy by using a stent-based technique. There are several hurdles that must be overcome before gene-stent therapy can be applied successfully in clinical trials. These include increasing the efficiency of gene delivery through atherosclerotic plaque; increasing intramural retention times; preventing the inflammatory reaction that stents coated with biodegradable polymers can elicit; overcoming the risk of systemic gene delivery; and accessing the adventitia via percutaneous approach. We evaluated a gene-stent delivery mechanism based on microporous metal microneedles developed with nanotechnology in an attempt to overcome some of these problems. A novel approach to the transfection of genes by microfabricated technology was evaluated in smooth muscle cells in culture. We demonstrated that microneedles can deliver gene therapy to smooth muscle cells in culture and can produce controlled penetration of the IEL and intima. We conclude that taller microneedles need to be developed to reach the media in diseased human arteries and that this technology has the potential to be incorporated in a stent to deliver gene therapy in atherosclerotic plaque.
Rett syndrome and associated movement disorders (1990)

Rett syndrome, a progressive neurodegenerative disorder described only in female subjects, is manifested by a wide spectrum of behavioral and motor abnormalities. We studied 32 patients with this disorder, ages 30 months to 28 years old, and characterized their extrapyramidal disturbance. The most common motor abnormalities were stereotyped movements and gait disturbance, seen in all patients. Bruxism, oculogyric crises, parkinsonism, and dystonia were also common, but myoclonus and choreoathetosis were seen only infrequently. The hyperkinetic movement disorders tended to dominate in younger patients, while bradykinetic disorders were more evident in the older patients. This study provides evidence that movement disorders seen in Rett syndrome reflect age-related neurodegenerative changes in the basal ganglia.
Abstract 17172: GDF11 Worsens Myocardial Infarction Outcome in Ischemia and Reperfusion Mouse Model (2017)

Introduction: Recent studies have implicated a role of TGFβ family members in aging and cardiovascular diseases. Growth Differentiation Factor 11 (GDF11) is a member of TGFβ superfamily with high h...