gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular mechanisms involved in the differentiation of spermatogenic stem cells (2000)

In male mammals, spermatogenesis proceeds for the reproductive lifetime of the animal. The continuation of this process depends upon a pool of spermatogenic stem cells within the testes that undergo asymmetric division to both maintain the stem cell population and give rise to progenitors that will proceed through spermatogenesis to generate mature spermatozoa. Thus, the development of functional spermatozoa may be divided into two distinct stages. The second, the process of spermatogenesis, is dependent upon the first, the successful formation of spermatogenic stem cells. Although spermatogenesis is characterized by marked cellular differentiation, the initial stages of germ line differentiation involve an avoidance of the differentiation signals acting during embryo development. The germ line is set aside early in embryo development and, while the primordial germ cells remain refractory to the differentiation signals affecting the soma, they undergo a number of phenotypic shifts before and after colonizing the genital ridge. Upon colonization of the genital ridge, the somatic tissue of the male genital ridge directs the final differentiation events that result in the formation of spermatogenic stem cells. It is this cell population that provides the basis for the maintenance of spermatogenesis in the adult.
TERT Promoter Mutations Are Frequent in Cutaneous Basal Cell Carcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2013)

Activating mutations in the TERT promoter were recently identified in up to 71% of cutaneous melanoma. Subsequent studies found TERT promoter mutations in a wide array of other major human cancers. TERT promoter mutations lead to increased expression of telomerase, which maintains telomere length and genomic stability, thereby allowing cancer cells to continuously divide, avoiding senescence or apoptosis. TERT promoter mutations in cutaneous melanoma often show UV-signatures. Non-melanoma skin cancer, including basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, are very frequent malignancies in individuals of European descent. We investigated the presence of TERT promoter mutations in 32 basal cell carcinomas and 34 cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas using conventional Sanger sequencing. TERT promoter mutations were identified in 18 (56%) basal cell carcinomas and in 17 (50%) cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas. The recurrent mutations identified in our cohort were identical to those previously described in cutaneous melanoma, and showed a UV-signature (C>T or CC>TT) in line with a causative role for UV exposure in these common cutaneous malignancies. Our study shows that TERT promoter mutations with UV-signatures are frequent in non-melanoma skin cancer, being present in around 50% of basal and squamous cell carcinomas and suggests that increased expression of telomerase plays an important role in the pathogenesis of these tumors.
Step by step multi-layer piezoelectric transformer design procedure (2004)

Piezoelectric transformers (PTs) provide several advantages compared to magnetic components that are higher power density, lower radiated noise and higher voltage isolation capability. PT must be properly designed to benefit the power converter with the advantages aforementioned. In this paper, a step by step procedure to determine the electrode area, the type of material, the number and thickness of the layers and the electrode distribution considering power topology restrictions is presented.
Detecting Malicious Domains Using Modified SVM Model (2019)

The existing machine learning algorithms are costly when it comes to retraining the detection model. However, domains used in different types of malicious activities vary a lot depending on their complex purposes. In order to detect malicious domains in large scale traffic data in real time, a modified SVM algorithm (F-SVM) is proposed in this paper. F-SVM draws lessons from the idea of feedback learning, and it is able to solve the problem of insufficient labeled samples and high cost of updating models. Experimental results show that F-SVM algorithm is capable to keep a high precision rate through whole detection process while simple SVM model has a detection fall as the detection process goes on. F-SVM model's high efficiency in updating detection model makes it suitable for online detection.
Enhancing program dependency graph based clone detection using approximate subgraph matching (2017)

Software code clone detection techniques and tools play a major role in improving the software quality as well as saving maintenance cost and effort. Program Dependency Graph (PDG) based clone detection techniques have a key advantage over other techniques as they are capable of detecting non-contiguous code clones in addition to contiguous clones. We propose further enhancement to current state of the art PDG-based detection to identify all possible (exact and approximate) clone relations from the obtained clone pair (PDG-based) results using Approximate Subgraph Matching (ASM). We obtain clone results of our proposed technique on three subject software systems, and validate the results on eclipse-ant from Bellon's benchmark. We also present a new ASM-based distance measure to represent the similarity between software code clones.
A Comparison of Two Objective Measures of Binaural Processing (2015)

There has been continued interest in clinical objective measures of binaural processing. One commonly proposed measure is the binaural interaction component (BIC), which is obtained typically by recording auditory brainstem responses (ABRs)-the BIC reflects the difference between the binaural ABR and the sum of the monaural ABRs (i.e., binaural - (left + right)). We have recently developed an alternative, direct measure of sensitivity to interaural time differences, namely, a following response to modulations in interaural phase difference (the interaural phase modulation following response; IPM-FR). To obtain this measure, an ongoing diotically amplitude-modulated signal is presented, and the interaural phase difference of the carrier is switched periodically at minima in the modulation cycle. Such periodic modulations to interaural phase difference can evoke a steady state following response. BIC and IPM-FR measurements were compared from 10 normal-hearing subjects using a 16-channel electroencephalographic system. Both ABRs and IPM-FRs were observed most clearly from similar electrode locations-differential recordings taken from electrodes near the ear (e.g., mastoid) in reference to a vertex electrode (Cz). Although all subjects displayed clear ABRs, the BIC was not reliably observed. In contrast, the IPM-FR typically elicited a robust and significant response. In addition, the IPM-FR measure required a considerably shorter recording session. As the IPM-FR magnitude varied with interaural phase difference modulation depth, it could potentially serve as a correlate of perceptual salience. Overall, the IPM-FR appears a more suitable clinical measure than the BIC.
Challenges to the chiral magnetic wave using charge-dependent azimuthal anisotropies in pPb and PbPb collisions at $ \sqrt{\smash[b]{s_{_{\mathrm{NN}}}}} = $ 5.02 TeV : arXiv (2017)

Charge-dependent anisotropy Fourier coefficients ($v_n$) of particle azimuthal distributions are measured in pPb and PbPb collisions at $ \sqrt{\smash[b]{s_{_{\mathrm{NN}}}}} = $ 5.02 TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC. The normalized difference in the second-order anisotropy coefficients ($v_2$) between positively and negatively charged particles is found to depend linearly on the observed event charge asymmetry with comparable slopes for both pPb and PbPb collisions over a wide range of charged particle multiplicity. In PbPb, the third-order anisotropy coefficient, $v_3$, shows a similar linear dependence with the same slope as seen for $v_2$. The observed similarities between the $v_2$ slopes for pPb and PbPb, as well as the similar slopes for $v_2$ and $v_3$ in PbPb, are compatible with expectations based on local charge conservation in the decay of clusters or resonances, and constitute a challenge to the hypothesis that the observed charge asymmetry dependence of $v_2$ in heavy ion collisions arises from a chiral magnetic wave.
On the Computation of Centrality Metrics for Network Security in Mesh Networks (2019)

Publication of the netCommons project
Waiting for Act 2: what lies beyond organic lightemitting diode (OLED) displays for organic electronics? (2021)

Organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays are now poised to be the dominant mobile display technology and are at the heart of the most attractive televisions and electronic tablets on the market today. But this begs the question: what is the next big opportunity that will be addressed by organic electronics? We attempt to answer this question based on the unique attributes of organic electronic devices: their efficient optical absorption and emission properties, their ability to be deposited on ultrathin foldable, moldable and bendable substrates, the diversity of function due to the limitless palette of organic materials and the low environmental impact of the materials and their means of fabrication. With these unique qualities, organic electronics presents opportunities that range from lighting to solar cells to medical sensing. In this paper, we consider the transformative changes to electronic and photonic technologies that might yet be realized using these unconventional, soft semiconductor thin films.
Elimination of Hot Cracking in Laser Beam Welding (2004)

Abstract Hot cracking is one of the big problems in laser beam welding. By multi‐beam welding, first suggested in the 70‐s (cf. [1], [4]), hot cracking can be avoided. Hereby two additional laser beams are employed. These beams generate a compression which compensate for the critical tensile strain in the solid‐liquid region of the weld induced by the main laser beam. However, hot cracking can only be prevented if the positions, sizes, and powers of the additional laser beams are suitably chosen, i.e. are optimized. Non‐optimal values can even enhance hot cracking. Until now these quantities have been found either by trial and error or by prescribing them intuitively. In the present paper a constrained nonlinear programming problem is formulated to solve the problem of hot crack initiation by minimizing the accumulated transverse strain, i.e. the opening displacement, in the solid‐liquid region. This approach is based on the so‐called strip expansion technique, cf. [2]. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Model of Tonic Accommodation After Sustained Near Focus (1991)

The effect of short-term near focus on tonic accommodation (TA) was previously investigated in 48 visually normal subjects. After sustained focus upon a near target for 10 min, all illumination was extinguished and the decay of accommodation was monitored for 20 min. We calculated from these results that accommodation decayed rapidly with a time constant of about 0.4 min, followed by a slower decay with a time constant of about 32 min. However, the asymptotic level remained slightly above the preadaptation level after 20 min in the dark. A feedback model with two parallel dynamic components (transient and decay), which summed with a "bias" element in the forward loop, was developed to account for the results. The gains of the dynamic elements were varied until the simulation curves matched the experimental adaptation and decay data. During the closed-loop adaptation phase, the outputs of the dynamic elements moved in opposite directions but combined to yield the overall accommodation step response. Moreover, when the model was subsequently open-looped in the dark, the transient component declined rapidly, whereas the decay component remained above the preadaptation level. When the 48 subjects were grouped equally into 4 refractive categories, somewhat different decay time courses could be simulated with changes in model parameter values.
Cobalt(II), nickel(II), and copper(II) complexes of imidazole and thiazole (1967)

The preparation and spectral and magnetic properties are reported for the complexes of the type Co(imidazole)6X2 and Ni(imidazole)6X2(X = Cl, Br, l, or NO3) and Cu(imidazole)4X2(X = Cl or NO3). These compounds have octahedral or distorted octahedral structures whereas the compounds Co(imidazole)2Cl2 and di-imidazolatocobalt(II) are tetrahedral. The “inner” complex di-imidazolatonickel(II) has a square-planar structure. The thiazole complexes Ni(thiazole)4Cl2, Co(thiazole)2Cl2, and Cu(thiazole)2Cl2 are described and are shown to have essentially octahedral structures.
Horizontal transmission and subsequent development of Amblyospora californica (Microsporidia: Amblyosporidae) in the intermediate and definitive hosts (1992)

Amblyospora californica (type species) was transmitted horizontally by feeding meiospores from larvae of Culex tarsalis (definitive host) to the copepod Macrocyclops albidus (a new intermediate host) and, conversely, by feeding spores produced in adult copepods to larval mosquitoes. Key features of the developmental sequence resulting from the 2 transmissions were demonstrated with both light and electron microscopy. Development in the copepod started with uninucleate sporoplasms from the ingested meiospores, included merogony by binary division of uninucleate meronts, sporogony by binary (usually) or multiple division and production of uninucleate-lanceolate spores within individual envelopes. Development in the mosquito began with uninucleate sporoplasms from the ingested lanceolate spores, included a first merogony (gametogony), plasmogamy, nuclear assoclation, a second merogony and dlsporous sporulation with the production of Nosema-llke spores in the adult female. This female represents a parental generat~on that transmits the Infection transovanally (vertically) to male and female progeny. By combining results of this study with published data on development in filial generation mosquitoes, it was possible to outline the complete life cycle.
Evaluation of Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Effects of Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) in Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide Induced Diabetic Rats (2011)

Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) is a branched deciduous shrub native to Europe and Asia. The plant has been used extensively in oriental traditional system of medicine for treatment of different diseases. Seabuckthorn is found to have significant antioxidative, antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, cytoprotective, hepatoprtective and tissue regenerative properties. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the antidiabetic and antioxidant effect of seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced type-2 diabetic rats. Experimental diabetes was induced by a single intraperitonial injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg), 15 minutes after the i.p. administration of 120mg/kg nicotinamide. Seabuckthorn was administered orally to streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic rats. Blood glucose, tissue glutathione (GSH) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in pancreas were estimated following the established procedures. Biochemical observations were supplemented with histological examination of pancreatic tissue. The increase of blood glucose, TBARS level with reduction in GSH content were the salient features observed in STZ-diabetic rats. Sea buckthorn produced a significant (p< 0.05) reduction in blood glucose levels and TBARS levels in the STZ-diabetic rats. GSH, reduced significantly (p< 0.05) in diabetic rats, was brought back to near normal levels by co-administration of sea buckthorn. Degenerative changes of pancreatic beta cells in STZ-diabetic rats were minimized to near normal morphology by administration of sea buckthorn as evident by histopathological examination. The results of the study indicate the role of oxidative stress in the induction of diabetes and suggest a protective effect of sea buckthorn in this animal model.
The Stereochemistry of Base-catalyzed Epoxidation (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Stereochemistry of Base-catalyzed EpoxidationHerbert O. House and Rolland S. RoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 10, 2428–2433Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01543a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01543a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1146Altmetric-Citations84LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
External validation of an MRI‐based classifier of arteriolar sclerosis (2020)

Abstract Background Arteriolar sclerosis is a common age‐related neuropathology that has been associated with lower cognition and higher risk of dementia. Definitive diagnosis of arteriolar sclerosis is only possible at autopsy. We recently introduced an MRI‐based classifier of arteriolar sclerosis [1]. In the present work, we tested this classifier for prediction of pathology in‐vivo, and also validated it on external datasets. Method In‐vivo 3T MRI and pathology data were available on participants of the Rush Memory and Aging Project (MAP) and Religious Orders Study (ROS), two longitudinal cohort studies of aging used in training of the classifier. We first assessed the performance of the classifier in predicting arteriolar sclerosis based on in‐vivo MRI of MAP and ROS participants that had not been included in the training sample. The generalizability of the classifier was then evaluated in the Minority Aging Research Study (MARS), and Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), by testing the association of the classification confidence score with change in cognition two years after baseline MRI, using Spearman’s rank correlation. Result The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for in‐vivo classification of arteriolar sclerosis in MAP and ROS data not used in training of the classifier was 0.77. Also, the classification confidence score showed significant association with two‐year decline in perceptual speed (p=0.027) in the MARS dataset, and with Trail Making Test Part A (p=0.027), and Trail Making Test Part B (p=0.046) in the ADNI dataset. Conclusion Our previously introduced classifier of arteriolar sclerosis was shown to have a high performance in prediction of the pathology based on in‐vivo MRI, illustrating its significance. Testing in MARS and ADNI showed that the classifier generalizes to other cohorts and demonstrated its clinical utility in predicting cognitive decline two years after baseline MRI. References: [1] N. Makkinejad, A.M. Evia, A. Tamhane, D.A. Bennett, J.A. Schneider, K. Arfanakis, A Novel MRI Classifier of Arteriolar Sclerosis in Aging: Prediction of Pathology and Cognitive Decline, Proc. Int. Soc. for Magn. Reson. in Med. 2019.
The role of sulfation in the metabolic activation of N-hydroxy-4′-fluoro-4-acetylaminobiphenyl (1989)

The role of sulfation in the metabolic activation of the liver carcinogen N-hydroxy-4'-fluoro-4-acetylaminobiphenyl (N-OH-FAABP) in male rat liver was investigated. N-OH-FAABP was a substrate for sulfotransferases in vitro and sulfation was inhibited by the sulfotransferase inhibitors pentachlorophenol (PCP) and 2,6-dichloro-4-nitrophenol (DCNP). The main metabolite of N-OH-FAABP excreted in bile in vivo, and in the isolated perfused liver, was identified as the N-O-glucuronide conjugate. Inhibition of sulfation in vivo by PCP or DCNP, or in vitro by omission of inorganic sulfate, resulted in a large increase in the excretion of the N-O-glucuronide conjugate. It was estimated that at least 21% of the dose was sulfated in control animals. Inhibition of sulfation in vivo by PCP or DCNP prevented the covalent binding of N-OH-FAABP to liver (and kidney) macromolecules by 70% and 20% respectively. HPLC analysis of the fluorobiphenyl DNA and RNA adducts showed that the formation of both N-acetylated and deacetylated (deoxy)-guanosine adducts was prevented. Furthermore, omission of inorganic sulfate in the isolated perfused liver prevented the formation of all fluorobiphenyl DNA adducts by 70-80%. It is concluded that two sulfotransferase-dependent pathways exist for the metabolic activation of N-OH-FAABP in male rat liver: (i) direct sulfation of the hydroxamic acid, resulting, upon decomposition of the FAABP-N-sulfate ester, in the formation of N-acetylated DNA adducts and (ii) deacetylation followed by sulfation of the hydroxylamine to FABP-N-sulfate, leading to the formation of deacetylation DNA adducts.
MAGEST : Surveillance en continu pour la connaissance de la qualité des eaux de l'estuaire de la Gironde (2010)

L'estuaire de la Gironde est affect par des pollutions chroniques (contamination mtallique, rejets urbains,...) et prsente des vnements de sous-oxygnation des eaux dans sa partie fluviale. L'volution pluriannuelle de la zone de maximum de turbidit, dtermine par les processus hydrodynamiques et sdimentaires, contribue galement dterminer la qualit des eaux. Pour estimer l'volution de l'tat global des eaux de l'estuaire, un consortium d'organismes publics s'est dot en 2004 d'un rseau de surveillance : MAGEST (MArel Gironde ESTuaire). Quatre stations automatises mesurent en continu quatre paramtres : temprature, salinit, turbidit et taux d'oxygne dissous. L'environnement estuarien a impos des choix techniques et l'adaptation des protocoles de mesures et des critres de qualit. Le rseau MAGEST a permis d'acqurir une base de donnes haute frquence adapte la variabilit intraestuarienne de la qualit des eaux. Les cycles journaliers, les variations saisonnires et interannuelles sont maintenant mieux dcrits. La base de donnes MAGEST contribue comprendre le fonctionnement de l'estuaire, et alimentera les propositions d'action du SAGE ESTUAIRE et contribuera l'application de la Directive Cadre du l'Eau. Mots-