gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nanostructured composite thin films with tailored resistivity by atomic layer deposition (2013)

We have developed a new type of thin film composite material comprised of Mo:Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> consisting of conducting metal nanoclusters embedded in an insulating Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> matrix. These nanocomposite thin films were prepared by atomic layer deposition (ALD). Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) experiments performed with various Mo cycle percentages revealed that the Mo ALD inhibits the Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> ALD and vice versa. Despite this inhibition, the relationship between Mo content in the films and cycle percentage was close to expectations. Depth profiling X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that the Mo:Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> films were uniform in composition and contained Al, O, and metallic Mo as expected, but also included significant F and C. Cross sectional TEM revealed the composite film structure to be metallic nanoparticles (2-3nm) embedded uniformly in an amorphous Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> insulating matrix. The resistivity of these composite films could be tailored in the range of 10<sup>4</sup> -10<sup>12</sup> Ohm-cm by adjusting the Mo ALD cycle percentage. These nanocomposite films have been used as resistive coatings in microchannel plate (MCP) fabrication and as charge-drain coatings in micro-electron-optical devices. Here we report the ALD growth characterization, and application of these of Mo:Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, films.
Electroorganic chemistry. 140. Electroreductively promoted intra- and intermolecular couplings of ketones with nitriles. (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectroorganic chemistry. 140. Electroreductively promoted intra- and intermolecular couplings of ketones with nitriles.Tatsuya Shono, Naoki Kise, Taku Fujimoto, Naoto Tominaga, and Hiroshi MoritaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 26, 7175–7187Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00052a036https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00052a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2085Altmetric-Citations78LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
3. Kapitel: Die anderen Wertpapiere (2011)

Neben allem Wissenswerten aus dem BGB sowie dem Handels- und Gesellschaftsrecht werden auch die Grundzüge des Zivilprozess- und Insolvenzrechts behandelt.
Proton Magnetic Resonance, Structure and Stereoisomerism in Cyclic Sulfites (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProton Magnetic Resonance, Structure and Stereoisomerism in Cyclic SulfitesJ. G. Pritchard and P. C. LauterburCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1961, 83, 9, 2105–2110Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01470a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01470a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views170Altmetric-Citations80LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Transmission Disequilibrium Test Power and Sample Size in the Presence of Locus Heterogeneity (2009)

Locus heterogeneity is one of the most important issues in gene mapping and can cause significant reductions in statistical power for gene mapping, yet no research to date has provided power and sample size calculations for family-based association methods in the presence of locus heterogeneity. The purpose of this research is three-fold: (i) to provide an analytic solution to the incorporation of locus heterogeneity into power and sample size calculations for the TDT statistic; (ii) to verify our analytic solution with simulations; and (iii) to study how different factors affect sample size requirement for the TDT in the presence of locus heterogeneity. The detection of association in the presence of locus heterogeneity requires a greater sample size than in its absence. This increase is independent of the prevalence of the disease. In addition, as the proportion of families unlinked to the disease locus increases, the sample size necessary to maintain constant power increases. Finally, as the effect size of the disease locus increases, the sample size necessary to detect association decreases in the presence of locus heterogeneity. We provide freely available software that can perform these calculations.
<title>Unified framework for performance analysis of Bayesian inference</title> (2000)

Many problems in image analysis and ATR can be formulated as Bayesian inference. In this paper we present a unified framework to quantify performance (i.e. the accuracy and uncertainty of inference) in terms of Bayesian decision theory. We demonstrate that existing work on image analysis and ATR performance can be summarized in terms of these concepts. This includes performance measures such as signal- to-noise ratios, Cramer-Rao lower bounds, Hilbert-Schmidt bounds, and ROC curves. Secondly, we describe how recent work by the authors on order parameters can be reformulated within this framework. This includes analyzing how phase transitions can occur for target detection problems so that at critical values of the order parameters it becomes impossible to detect the target. We also analyze the case where the inference process uses weaker prior knowledge to detect the target and quantify in what situations this strategy is effective.
Survey-based indices for nursing home quality incentive reimbursement. (1983)

Incentive payments are a theoretically appealing complement to nursing home quality assurance systems that rely on regulatory enforcement. However, the practical aspects of incentive program design are not yet well understood. After reviewing the rationale for incentive approaches and recent State and Federal initiatives, the article considers a basic program design issue: creating an index of nursing home quality. It focuses on indices constructed from routine licensure and certification survey results because State initiatives have relied heavily on these readily accessible data. It also suggests a procedure for creating a survey-based index and discusses a sampling of implementation issues.
Embedding Information into Objects Fabricated With 3-D Printers by Forming Fine Cavities inside Them (2017)

We evaluated our previously proposed technique of protecting the copyrights of digital data for 3-D printing. This technique embeds copyright information into not only digital data but also fabricated objects and enables the information to be read to reveal possible copyright violations. The insides of fabricated objects are constructed with fine cavities to embed information into them. In this study, the readability of embedded information relating to the structure parameters of the fine cavities inside fabricated objects was examined to clarify the conditions in which this technique can be applied. The top-view sizes of the cavities, the top-view spaces between cavities, the depths of the cavities themselves, and the depths of the cavities from the surfaces of the objects were changed as experimental parameters. Experimental results clarified the conditions for forming cavities inside the fabricated objects and showed that a sufficient amount of information for copyright (i. e., hundreds of bits) could be embedded if a fabricated object was several centimeters in size.
Reduced Plaque Formation by the Chloromethyl Analogue of Victamine C (1970)

T H E C H L O R O M E T H Y L A N A L O G U E of Victamine C,* a cationic surface-active agent, reduces the formation of dental calculus in humans. 1 2 This chemical prevents crystallization of calcium phosphate in calculus smears in vitro, 3 but the mechanism whereby it inhibits calculus formation in vivo is not known. The following study was conducted to determine whether the chloromethyl analogue of Victamine C reduces the formation of dental plaque considered a precursor of calculus. 4 6
Nedosiran, a Candidate siRNA Drug for the Treatment of Primary Hyperoxaluria: Design, Development, and Clinical Studies (2022)

Due to the lack of treatment options for the genetic disease primary hyperoxaluria (PH), including three subtypes PH1, PH2, and PH3, caused by accumulation of oxalate forming kidney stones, there is an urgent need for the development of a drug therapy aside from siRNA drug lumasiran for patients with PH1. After the recent success of drug therapies based on small interfering RNA (siRNA), nedosiran is currently being developed for the treatment of three types of PH as a siRNA-based modality. Through specific inhibition of lactate dehydrogenase enzyme, the key enzyme in biosynthesis of oxalate in liver, phase 1, 2, and 3 clinical trials of nedosiran have achieved the desired primary end point of reduction of urinary oxalate levels in patients with PH1. More PH2 and PH3 patients need to be tested for efficacy. It has also produced a favorable secondary end point on safety and toxicity in PH patients. In addition to common injection site reactions that resolved spontaneously, no severe nedosiran treatment-associated adverse events were reported. Based on the positive results in the clinical studies, nedosiran is a candidate siRNA drug to treat PH patients.
In-vivo optical detection of cancer using chlorin e6 – polyvinylpyrrolidone induced fluorescence imaging and spectroscopy (2009)

Combination of Ce6-PVP induced fluorescence imaging and spectroscopy could allow for optical detection and discrimination between cancer and the surrounding normal tissues. Ce6-PVP seems to be a promising fluorophore for fluorescence diagnosis of cancer.
Experimental study of streaming flows associated with ultrasonic levitators (1994)

Steady-state acoustic streaming flow patterns have been observed during the operation of a variety of resonant single-axis ultrasonic levitators in a gaseous environment and in the 20–37 kHz frequency range. Light sheet illumination and scattering from smoke particles have revealed primary streaming flows which display different characteristics at low and high sound pressure levels. Secondary macroscopic streaming cells around levitated samples are superimposed on the primary streaming flow pattern generated by the standing wave. These recorded flows are quite reproducible, and are qualitatively the same for a variety of levitator physical geometries. An onset of flow instability can also be recorded in nonisothermal systems, such as levitated spot-heated samples when the resonance conditions are not exactly satisfied. A preliminary qualitative interpretation of these experimental results is presented in terms of the superposition of three discrete sets of circulation cells operating on different spatial scales. These relevant length scales are the acoustic wavelength, the levitated sample size, and finally the acoustic boundary layer thickness. This approach fails, however, to explain the streaming flow-field morphology around liquid drops levitated on Earth. Observation of the interaction between the flows cells and the levitated samples also suggests the existence of a steady-state torque induced by the streaming flows.
Seulement s’ils veulent mourir. Les urgences générales face aux patients suicidaires (2019)

En France, la majorité des tentatives de suicide connues est prise en charge par les urgences générales. Près d’un quart de ces patients font l’objet d’une ré-hospitalisation pour le même motif moins de quatre ans après leur première admission. Sachant que la récidive constitue l’un des éléments les plus prédictifs d’un suicide à venir, l’article tente de comprendre pourquoi les urgences ne parviennent pas à mieux endiguer ce risque. Fondée sur l’observation ethnographique de trois services, cette recherche met en lumière une série de facteurs tant internes qu’externes aux urgences. Elle montre en particulier comment les priorités d’intervention des services, les conditions d’échanges avec les patients et la caractérisation de la crise suicidaire par les personnels soignants contribuent à façonner une prise en charge qui n’est congruente qu’en partie avec les préconisations médicales.
Airway Mucus (2006)

Mucus hypersecretion is a phenotype associated with multiple obstructive lung diseases. However, in spite of its nefarious reputation under pathologic conditions, there are significant benefits to having low levels of mucus present in the airways at baseline, such as the ability to trap and eliminate inhaled particles and to prevent desiccation of airway surfaces. Mucins are high-molecular-weight glycoproteins that are the chief components that render viscoelastic and gel-forming properties to mucus. Recent advances in animal models and in vitro systems have provided a wealth of information regarding the identification of the mucin genes that are expressed in the lungs, the signal transduction pathways that regulate the expression of these mucins, and the secretory pathways that mediate their release into the airways. In addition, the clinical and pathologic literature has corroborated many of the basic laboratory findings. As a result, mucin overproduction and hypersecretion are moving away from being markers of disease and toward being testable as functional components of lung disease processes.
Binuclear nickel(II) acetate (2011)

It is known that the structural motive containing two metal ions connected by four bridging carboxyl groups often plays an important role in metalloenzyme catalysis [1, 2]. At present a great number of binuclear carboxyl-bridging complexes of d elements of the “Chinese lantern” type [3] have been synthesized and characterized, however the number of such nickel compounds is comparatively small, in spite of the fact that nickel is assigned to ultramicrobiometals necessary for organism [4, 5].
Antibody-oligonucleotide conjugate achieves CNS delivery in animal models for spinal muscular atrophy (2022)

Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) have emerged as one of the most innovative new genetic drug modalities. However, their high molecular weight limits their bioavailability for otherwise-treatable neurological disorders. We investigated conjugation of ASOs to an antibody against the murine transferrin receptor, 8D3130, and evaluated it via systemic administration in mouse models of the neurodegenerative disease spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). SMA, like several other neurological and neuromuscular diseases, is treatable with single-stranded ASOs that modulate splicing of the survival motor neuron 2 (SMN2) gene. Administration of 8D3130-ASO conjugate resulted in elevated levels of bioavailability to the brain. Additionally, 8D3130-ASO yielded therapeutic levels of SMN2 splicing in the central nervous system of adult human SMN2-transgenic (hSMN2-transgenic) mice, which resulted in extended survival of a severely affected SMA mouse model. Systemic delivery of nucleic acid therapies with brain-targeting antibodies offers powerful translational potential for future treatments of neuromuscular and neurodegenerative diseases.
Detecting Pump&Dump Stock Market Manipulation from Online Forums (2023)

The intersection of social media, low-cost trading platforms, and naive investors has created an ideal situation for information-based market manipulations, especially pump&amp;dumps. Manipulators accumulate small-cap stocks, disseminate false information on social media to inflate their price, and sell at the peak. We collect a dataset of stocks whose price and volume profiles have the characteristic shape of a pump&amp;dump, and social media posts for those same stocks that match the timing of the initial price rises. From these we build predictive models for pump&amp;dump events based on the language used in the social media posts. There are multiple difficulties: not every post will cause the intended market reaction, some pump&amp;dump events may be triggered by posts in other forums, and there may be accidental confluences of post timing and market movements. Nevertheless, our best model achieves a prediction accuracy of 85% and an F1-score of 62%. Such a tool can provide early warning to investors and regulators that a pump&amp;dump may be underway.
Deep supercooling, vitrification and limited survival to –100°C in the Alaskan beetleCucujus clavipes puniceus(Coleoptera: Cucujidae) larvae (2010)

Larvae of the freeze-avoiding beetle Cucujus clavipes puniceus (Coleoptera: Cucujidae) in Alaska have mean supercooling points in winter of -35 to -42 degrees C, with the lowest supercooling point recorded for an individual of -58 degrees C. We previously noted that some larvae did not freeze when cooled to -80 degrees C, and we speculated that these larvae vitrified. Here we present evidence through differential scanning calorimetry that C. c. puniceus larvae transition into a glass-like state at temperatures<-58 degrees C and can avoid freezing to at least -150 degrees C. This novel finding adds vitrification to the list of insect overwintering strategies. While overwintering beneath the bark of fallen trees, C. c. puniceus larvae may experience low ambient temperatures of around -40 degrees C (and lower) when microhabitat is un-insulated because of low snow cover. Decreasing temperatures in winter are correlated with loss of body water from summer high levels near 2.0 to winter lows near 0.4 mg mg(-1) dry mass and concomitant increases in glycerol concentrations (4-6 mol l(-1)) and thermal hysteresis. Finally, we provide direct evidence that Cucujus from Wiseman, Alaska, survive temperatures to -100 degrees C.
Increased Responsiveness of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to In Vitro TLR 2, 4 and 7 Ligand Stimulation in Chronic Pain Patients (2012)

Glial activation via Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling has been shown in animals to play an important role in the initiation and establishment of chronic pain. However, our ability to assess this central immune reactivity in clinical pain populations is currently lacking. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are an accessible source of TLR expressing cells that may mirror similarities in TLR responsiveness of the central nervous system. The aim of this study was to characterize the IL-1β response to various TLR agonists in isolated PBMCs from chronic pain sufferers (on and not on opioids) and pain-free controls. Venous blood was collected from 11 chronic pain sufferers on opioids (≥ 20 mg of morphine / day), 8 chronic pain sufferers not on opioids and 11 pain-free controls. PBMCs were isolated and stimulated in vitro with a TLR2 (Pam3CSK4), TLR4 (LPS) or TLR7 (imiquimod) agonist. IL-1β released into the supernatant was measured with ELISA. Significantly increased IL-1β expression was found in PBMCs from chronic pain sufferers (on and not on opioids) compared with pain-free controls for TLR2 (F((6, 277)) = 15, P<0.0001), TLR4 (F((8, 263)) = 3, P = 0.002) and TLR7 (F((2,201)) = 5, P = 0.005) agonists. These data demonstrate that PBMCs from chronic pain sufferers were more responsive to TLR agonists compared with controls, suggesting peripheral cells may have the potential to become a source of biomarkers for chronic pain.
Cationic Silicon‐Based Lewis Acids in Catalysis (2019)

Since the early attempts to generate silicon cations in the 1950s, several research groups have tried to tame the exceptional reactivity of cationic silicon-based Lewis acids and harness their unique electrophilicity as catalysts in challenging transformations. However, it was not until the end of the last century and because of the commitment of various research laboratories to understand the behavior of these highly reactive intermediates that silicon cations were shown to enable the activation of a variety of substrate classes in a catalytic manner. This chapter summarizes those recent developments in the application of cationic silicon-based Lewis acid catalysts to facilitate a diverse set of transformations such as reduction, hydrodefluorination, and C─C bond formation.
Inorganic Nanodots from Thin Films of Block Copolymers (2004)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVLetterNEXTInorganic Nanodots from Thin Films of Block CopolymersDong Ha Kim, Seung Hyun Kim, Kris Lavery, and Thomas P. RussellView Author Information Silvio O. Conte National Center for Polymer Research, Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003 Cite this: Nano Letters 2004, 4, 10, 1841–1844Publication Date (Web):September 9, 2004Publication History Received17 June 2004Published online9 September 2004Published inissue 1 October 2004https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/nl049063whttps://doi.org/10.1021/nl049063wrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2004 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1044Altmetric-Citations109LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Copolymers,Oxides,Silica,Silicon,Thin films Get e-Alerts