gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aluminum Oxide (Alumina), Calcined, Tabular, and Aluminate Cements (2000)

Abstract Calcined aluminas are generally obtained from Bayer process gibbsite α‐Al(OH) 3 , thermal decomposition of which follows the transition through the generic gamma alumina phases to α‐alumina (corundum), α‐Al 2 O 3 . Calcination of gibbsite has been done in rotary kilns for many years. Specialty calcined aluminas can also be prepared in stationary or fluid bed calciners. Most ceramic grade aluminas are supplied dry ground to about 95% \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}${{\rm{-}}325{\hskip0.167em}{\hskip0.167em}{\rm{mesh}}}$\end{document} (44 µm) using 85–90% Al 2 O 3 ceramic ball, attrition, vibro‐energy, or fluid‐energy milling. More fully ground, or superground, calcined aluminas having particle size distributions that approximate the natural or ultimate crystal size of the Bayer grain as calcined are often desired. Thermally reactive aluminas contain submicrometer crystals. These must be separated from the Bayer agglomerate during grinding to permit dense compaction upon ceramic forming, and thus, enhance densification upon sintering at lower temperatures. Process control techniques permit production of calcined specialty aluminas having controlled median particle sizes differentiated by about 0.5 µm. This broad selection enables closer shrinkage control of high tech ceramic parts. Tabular alumina is a high density, high strength form of α‐Al 2 O 3 made by sintering an agglomerated shape of ground, calcined alumina. It is available in the form of smooth balls which are crushed, screened, and ground to obtain a wide variety of graded, granular, and powdered products. Tabular alumina is the ideal base material for high alumina brick, and monolith liners in the metal, ceramic, and petrochemical industries. Other applications include their use in electrical insulators, electronic components, and kiln furniture. High purity calcium aluminate cements (CAC) are primarily used as binders for high strength refractory castables to form linings up to about 1.0 m thick, as in iron blast furnaces. The high purity CAC finds extensive use as an efficient binder for other aggregates such as fire clays, kaolin, andalusite, kyanite, pyrophyllite, sillimanite, mullite, and refractory‐grade bauxite. The many applications cited for tabular alumina in refractories are also common for high purity CAC.
Review—Basic Research Needs in Fluid Mechanics (1981)

A small segment of the engineering community was surveyed to obtain their judgment regarding the long-range needs for basic research in fluid mechanics. This segment consisted of approximately 600 persons active in heat transfer and fluid mechanics committees within The American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Close to 200 persons responded giving useful information relating to needed research. Of the many topics identified, six generic areas stood out: turbulence; multiphase flows; fluid structure interactions; boundary layer effects; biological, geological, and environmental fluid flow; and the need for new facilities and improved instrumentation. These six areas were summarized and an initial estimate of the research priorities presented to the DOE-ESCOE workshop on Fluid Dynamics and Thermal Processes held at the University of Kentucky on February 1–2, 1979. The priorities were modified and the final results of the workshop included herein.
Ultrafast pulse excitation of a metallic nanosystem containing a Kerr nonlinear material (2006)

We discuss the effect of introducing a nonlinear material exhibiting a strong optical Kerr effect between two metallic nanowires. Our results are based on rigorous finite-difference time-domain calculations. We show how the near-fields that result as an intense, ultrafast pulse interacts with the system can be very different from those in the absence of the nonlinear material. In particular, for sufficiently large incident intensities, a significant reduction in the near-field intensity between the two nanowires is observed. Optical cross sections are also calculated and shown to vary with increasing intensity.
Elucidation of the Influenza A Virus Glycosylation-Patterns with Respect to Vaccine-Production Down to the Zeptomolar Range (2007)

The ability of monitoring and thereby quality controlling the glycosylation-pattern of viral membrane-proteins during the vaccine-production process (USP &amp; DSP), is a prerequisite to ensure sufficient immune-response after vaccination. The glycosylation-pattern of viral glycoproteins can be affected by virus strain, host cell glycosylation machinery, cultivation conditions and via incipient degradation of the glycosylation during virus inactivation and downstream-processing. \nThe presented approach allows the characterization of N-glycosylation-patterns, shown exemplarily on hemagglutinin of influenza-A/PR/8/34(H1N1)-virus, produced in mammalian cells. The procedure includes: virus purification and concentration directly from cell-culture supernatant, followed by preparation, separation and identification of viral (glyco-)proteins and their N-glycan pools, utilizing: g-force-step-gradient-centrifugation, SDS-PAGE, enzymatical cleavage, fluorescent labeling, CGE-LIF (employing a DNA-sequenzer) and MALDI-TOF-MS. The N-glycans are analyzed in two stages: glycan pool fingerprints and structural identification. Generation of fingerprints with CGE-LIF, enables LODs down to the zeptomolar range. Additional structural information are obtained, spiking the samples with a series of N-glycan standards, measured with CGE-LIF and MALDI-TOF-MS. This proceeding enables monitoring of N-glycosylation-patterns of relevant glycoproteins during major steps of upstream- and downstream-processing in influenza virus vaccine production.
CD28 Is Required for Optimal Induction, but Not Maintenance, of Vaccine-Induced Immunity toBlastomyces dermatitidis (2005)

Cellular immunity mediated by T lymphocytes, in particular CD4+ and CD8+ type 1 cells, is the main defense against pathogenic fungi. Here, CD28-deficient (CD28-/-) mice were used to study the role of costimulation for the generation and maintenance of T-cell-mediated, type 1 cytokine-dependent mechanisms of vaccine immunity to Blastomyces dermatitidis infection. Disruption of CD28 costimulation reduced the number of type 1 CD4 and CD8 cells generated and impaired resistance to infection. Type 1 T-cell subsets generated in vaccinated CD28-/- mice were durable and protected mice for at least 3 months after vaccination. Our findings suggest that CD28 is required for the induction of optimal, protective T-cell responses to B. dermatitidis infection but may be dispensable for the maintenance of T-cell memory.
Medical Implant Communication Systems (MICS) Threat Modelling (2021)

Medical implants such as pacemaker and implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) uses MICS network to communicate wirelessly to transfer crucial information. Several vulnerabilities in MICS communication can lead to dangerous threats like confidential information leakage, failure of device and due to tampered configurations it leads to even death. This paper focuses mainly on the vulnerabilities in the communication module of implants from a confidentiality, integrity and availability (CIA) triad. A threat model is developed in this work to identify the possible vulnerabilities and attacks on MICS network.
Reservoir fluid geodynamics: New technical discipline (2020)

Recent advances in asphaltene science have resulted in the characterization of asphaltene nanostructures in laboratory solvents and reservoir crude oils; the Yen-Mullins model. With size determined, a gravity term is added to standard polymer solution theory to give the Flory-Huggins-Zuo equation of state (FHZ EOS) to model asphaltene distributions in reservoir crude oils.
Erratum: Sputtered ferroelectric thin-film electro-optic modulator (1973)

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Androgen Receptor (AR)-TLR4 Crosstalk Mediates Gender Disparities in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Incidence and Progression (2019)

<b>Background:</b> Androgen receptor (AR) has a role in regulating malignancies and gender disparities in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recently, TLR4 activation is demonstrated to be required for HCC progression; however, whether and how TLR4 interacts with AR is largely unknown. <b>Methods:</b> The tumorigenesis was detected in female and male mice induced by DEN/CCL<sub>4,</sub> then TLR4 and AR signals were detected in liver tissues by qPCR and FACS. The proliferation, colony formation and migration of HCC cell treated with TLR4 agonist LPS, or/and androgen DHT were evaluated <i>in vitro</i>. Furthermore, the expression of TLR4 and AR was detected by IHC in tissue microarray of HCC, and correlation of AR and TLR4 was defined. <b>Results:</b> Male mice are more susceptible to develop HCC than female mice. Meanwhile, we found baseline TLR4 levels were higher in male mice than in female mice. AR expression in male mice was increased by treatment with DEN/CCL<sub>4</sub>. And, AR was constitutively expressed in human HCC cell lines. Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) stimulated TLR4 expression in both HepG2 and HepG2 2.15 cells, which could be blocked by silencing AR. On the other hand, treatment with LPS stimulated AR expression, but it was blocked by treatment with TLR4 antagonist and in cells deficient for TLR4. DHT treatment exacerbated TLR4-induced cellular proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion of HepG2 cells. The positive relationship between AR and TLR4 was confirmed in human HCC samples. <b>Conclusions:</b> DHT-AR-TLR4 signaling enhances the development of HCC cells and facilitates their migration and invasion, demonstrating a mechanism underlying gender disparity in HCC.
Roles of Carbon Monoxide in Leukocyte and Platelet Dynamics in Rat Mesentery during Sevoflurane Anesthesia (2001)

Background Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), induced by a variety of stressors, provides endogenous carbon monoxide (CO) and bilirubin, both of which play consequential roles in organs. The current study aimed to examine whether induction of HO-1 and its by-products modulated endothelial interaction with circulating leukocytes and platelets evoked by sevoflurane anesthesia in vivo. Methods Rats, pretreated with or without hemin, were anesthetized with sevoflurane in 100% O2, and lungs were mechanically ventilated. Platelets labeled with carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester and leukocyte behavior in mesenteric venules were visualized during sevoflurane anesthesia at 1,000 frames/s using intravital ultrahigh-speed intensified fluorescence videomicroscopy. To examine the mechanisms for the effects of HO-1 on leukocyte and platelet behavior, these studies were repeated with superfusion of either CO, bilirubin, or Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). Results As reported previously, the elevation of sevoflurane concentration evoked adhesive responses of leukocytes, concurrent with platelet margination and rolling. Pretreatment with hemin, a HO-1 inducer, prevented such sevoflurane-elicited changes in the microvessels. These changes were restored by zinc protoporphyrin IX, a HO inhibitor, and repressed by CO but not by bilirubin. During sevoflurane anesthesia, however, nitric oxide suppression by L-NAME deteriorated microvascular flows irrespective of the presence or absence of the HO-1 induction. Conclusions These results indicate that endogenous CO via HO-1 induction attenuates sevoflurane-induced microvascular endothelial interactions with leukocytes and platelets, although local nitric oxide levels appear to dominate microvascular flow in situ.
Parallel Field Test Architecture for Boot-ROMs in Safety-Critical SoCs (2021)

In safety-critical automotive devices with functional Read-only-memories (ROMs), boot-up time and periodic check of correctness of the ROM code is of utmost importance for the overall operation of the device from safety perspective. Current solutions use a hardware/software Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) to validate the ROM contents. However, CRC comes with a significant test time overhead, which can impact the boot-up time of device. In this paper, we present a novel non-destructive field-test architecture which validates the ROM contents parallelly and reduces test-time significantly by 99% as compared to native CRC. We also present a novel methodology using which we can perform parallel test on boot-ROMs without disturbing the boot flow during power-up.
A Unified Approach to Translate Classical Bandit Algorithms to the\n Structured Bandit Setting (2018)

We consider a finite-armed structured bandit problem in which mean rewards of\ndifferent arms are known functions of a common hidden parameter $\\theta^*$.\nSince we do not place any restrictions of these functions, the problem setting\nsubsumes several previously studied frameworks that assume linear or invertible\nreward functions. We propose a novel approach to gradually estimate the hidden\n$\\theta^*$ and use the estimate together with the mean reward functions to\nsubstantially reduce exploration of sub-optimal arms. This approach enables us\nto fundamentally generalize any classic bandit algorithm including UCB and\nThompson Sampling to the structured bandit setting. We prove via regret\nanalysis that our proposed UCB-C algorithm (structured bandit versions of UCB)\npulls only a subset of the sub-optimal arms $O(\\log T)$ times while the other\nsub-optimal arms (referred to as non-competitive arms) are pulled $O(1)$ times.\nAs a result, in cases where all sub-optimal arms are non-competitive, which can\nhappen in many practical scenarios, the proposed algorithms achieve bounded\nregret. We also conduct simulations on the Movielens recommendations dataset to\ndemonstrate the improvement of the proposed algorithms over existing structured\nbandit algorithms.\n
EFEK HEPATOPROTEKTIF EKSTRAK CACING TANAH (Lumbricus rubellus) PADA TIKUS (Rattus novergicus) DENGAN PARAMETER SGPT-SGOT (2020)

Telah dilakukan penelitian uji efek hepatoprotektif ekstrak cacing tanah (Lumbricus rubellus ) terhadap kerusakan hati tikus putih jantan (Rattus novergicus). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan efek hepatoprotektif ekstrak cacing tanah terhadap kerusakan hati tikus putih jantan yang diinduksi parasetamol dosis tinggi 250 mg/kg bobot badan. Sebanyak 18 ekor yang dibagi dalam 6 kelompok. Kelompok I  diberi Na CMC 1% b/v, kelompok II diberi suspensi parasetamol 250mg/kg bobot badan, kelompok III diberi suspensi parasetamol 250mg/kg bobot badan dan suspensi Methioson dan kelompok IV, V dan VI diberi perlakuan dengan ekstrak cacing tanah (Lumbricus rubellus )  dengan konsentrasi masing-masing 0,5%, 1% dan 2%. Pengamatan efek hepatoprotektif didasarkan pada penurunan kadar SGPT-SGOT setelah pemberian ekstrak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak cacing tanah (Lumbricus rubellus ) 1% dan 2% memberikan efek hefatoprotektif yang berbeda tidak nyata dengan kontrol Methioson terhadap kerusakan hati tikus yang disebabkan oleh parasetamol dosis tinggi.
Thermal Perception of Ventilation Changes in Full-Face Motorcycle Helmets: Subject and Manikin Study (2010)

We report the effects of full-face motorcycle helmet ventilation systems on heat, airflow, noise, and comfort perception for ventilation changes on the scalp. Eight subjects (aged 28.0 ± 5.4 years) underwent two experimental trials at ambient temperatures of 23.7 ± 0.4 °C or 27.5 ± 0.3 °C. In each trial, the thermally equilibrated subjects underwent two examination phases, during which four different helmets were assessed at wind speeds of 39.2 ± 1.9 km h(-1) and 59.3 ± 1.4 km h(-1). Vent-induced heat loss in the scalp ranged from -6.1 to 6.1 W, corresponding to vents being closed or opened, respectively. Perception of vent-induced changes was assessed immediately after the change. We find that the vent-induced heat loss, the subject, and the helmet are the most important response factors. In addition, comparison of two helmets with similar vent-induced heat loss suggests that internal airflow patterns may be important in explaining the observed perception differences.
Investigation of reticle defect formation at DUV lithography (2003)

Defect formation on advanced photomasks used for DUV lithography has introduced new challenges at low k/sub 1/ processes industry wide. Especially at 193 nm scanner exposure, the mask pattern surface, pellicle film and the enclosed space between the pellicle and pattern surface can create a highly reactive environment. This environment can become susceptible to defect growth during repetitive exposure of a mask on DUV lithography systems due to the flow of high energy through the mask. Due to increased number of fields on the wafer, a reticle used at a 300 mm wafer fab receives roughly double the number of exposures without any cool down period, as compared to the reticles in a 200 mm wafer fab. Therefore, 193 nm lithography processes at a 300 mm wafer fab put lithographers and defect engineers into an area of untested mask behavior. During the scope of this investigation, an attenuated phase shift mask (attPSM) was periodically exposed on a 193 nm scanner and the relationship between the number of exposures (i.e., energy passed through the mask during exposures) versus defect growth was developed. Finally, chemical analysis of these defects was performed in order to understand the mechanism of this "growth".
Abstract 613: Combining PI3K and 5alpha-reductase inhibitors improves the treatment response in a mouse model of PTEN-deficient prostate cancer (2014)

Abstract Testosterone is converted to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) by the enzymes 5alpha-reductase types 1 and 2. Inhibition of both 5alpha-reducatase enzymes with dutasteride was effective in reducing the incidence of prostate cancer in high risk patients. This suggests that suppression of DHT with dutasteride may have a potential therapeutic effect on prostate cancer. In this study, we examined the antitumor effects of dutasteride in vivo using a preclinical model of prostate cancer that is based on the PSA-Cre mediated inactivation of PTEN. Our findings show that monotherapy with dutasteride significantly inhibited prostate tumor growth by approximately 25%. Furthermore, the combination of dutasteride with the mTOR inhibitor, everolimus, improved tumor growth suppression compared to monotherapy with either drug. Treatment with dutasteride had a minimal effect on tumor cell proliferation; however, it significantly increased the apoptotic rate in tumors. Interestingly, treatment with dutasteride resulted in increased activation of PI3K/mTOR signaling and a reduction of STAT3 pathway activation. Moreover, increased activation of MAPK, which occurs after treatment with mTOR inhibitors, was effectively reduced with the co-administration of dutasteride. The findings from our study suggest that inhibitors of 5alpha-reductase types 1 and 2 enzymes may have a potential therapeutic value in PTEN deficient prostate cancers, in particular when co-administered with PI3K inhibitors. Citation Format: Yurie Kura, Marco A. De Velasco, Naomi Ando, Emiko Fukushima, Yutaka Yamamoto, Yuji Hatanaka, Nobutaka Shimizu, Masahiro Nozawa, Kazuhiro Yoshimura, Kazuhiro Yoshikawa, Kazuto Nishio, Hirotsugu Uemura. Combining PI3K and 5alpha-reductase inhibitors improves the treatment response in a mouse model of PTEN-deficient prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 613. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-613
Accurate measurement method using fiber-optics for an antenna on a portable telephone (2004)

We propose an accurate measurement method for radiation and impedance characteristics of an antenna on a portable telephone. We use fiber optics for the feed instead of coaxial cables in order to remove the undesired influence of the coaxial cables. We show the proposed measurement system using the fiber optics can achieve measurement linearity as accurate as that of the conventional system using coaxial cable, and also the influence of the fiber optics is negligible. The measurement results of a monopole antenna on a rectangular box show the validity of the measurement system. On the other hand, the conventional method using the coaxial cable affects the measurement results.
A Design of Varactor-Tuned Combline Bandpass Filter Using Coupling Varactor Diode (2005)

In this paper, a novel varactor-tuned combline bandpass filter is presented. The coupling varactor diode between line elements is introduced to control the passband bandwidth so that the passband bandwidth can be maintained almost constant within the tuning range. The equivalent circuit and design equations are derived, and the optimum design is discussed. A 1.7 GHz, two-pole bandpass filter with a bandwidth of 4.5 % was constructed. The absolute passband bandwidth was maintained almost constant within more than 0.4 octave tuning range.
Kaleidoscope: Adding colors to Kademlia (2013)

Kademlia is considered to be one of the most effective key based routing protocols. It is nowadays implemented in many file sharing peer-to-peer networks such as BitTorrent, KAD, and Gnutella. This paper introduces Kaleidoscope, a novel routing/caching scheme designed to significantly reduce the cost of lookup operations in Kademlia by using a color-based distributed cache. Moreover, Kaleidoscope greatly improves load balancing among the nodes and reduces the well documented hot spots problem. The paper also includes an extensive performance study demonstrating the benefits of Kaleidoscope.
Effect of Buffers and Stabilizers on Vaccine Stability and Efficacy (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Mechanisms of Stabilization of Vaccines by Buffers/Stabilizers Effect of Excipients on Vaccine Efficacy Surfactant Effects Antioxidant Effects Preservative Effects Sugars Amino and Nucleic Acids Chelating Agent Polymeric Zwitterionic Buffers Abbreviations References
Functional Analysis of Secreted Caveolin-1 in Mouse Models of Prostate Cancer Progression (2009)

Previously, we reported that caveolin-1 (cav-1) is overexpressed in metastatic prostate cancer and that virulent prostate cancer cells secrete biologically active cav-1. We also showed that cav-1 expression leads to prosurvival activities through maintenance of activated Akt and that cav-1 is taken up by other cav-1-negative tumor cells and/or endothelial cells, leading to stimulation of angiogenic activities through PI-3-K-Akt-eNOS signaling. To analyze the functional consequences of cav-1 overexpression on the development and progression of prostate cancer in vivo, we generated PBcav-1 transgenic mice. Adult male PBcav-1 mice showed significantly increased prostatic wet weight and higher incidence of epithelial hyperplasia compared with nontransgenic littermates. Increased immunostaining for cav-1, proliferative cell nuclear antigen, P-Akt, and reduced nuclear p27(Kip1) staining occurred in PBcav-1 hyperplastic prostatic lesions. PBcav-1 mice showed increased resistance to castration-induced prostatic regression and elevated serum cav-1 levels compared with nontransgenic littermates. Intraprostatic injection of androgen-sensitive, cav-1-secreting RM-9 mouse prostate cancer cells resulted in tumors that were larger in PBcav-1 mice than in nontransgenic littermates (P = 0.04). Tail vein inoculation of RM-9 cells produced significantly more experimental lung metastases in PBcav-1 males than in nontransgenic male littermates (P = 0.001), and in cav-1(+/+) mice than in cav-1(-/-) mice (P = 0.041). Combination treatment with surgical castration and systemic cav-1 antibody dramatically reduced the number of experimental metastases. These experimental data suggest a causal association of secreted cav-1 and prostate cancer growth and progression.