gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
STIM1 and STIM2 protein deficiency in T lymphocytes underlies development of the exocrine gland autoimmune disease, Sjögren's syndrome (2012)

Primary Sjögren's Syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune disease involving salivary and other exocrine glands that leads to progressive lymphocytic infiltration into the gland, tissue damage, and secretory defects. The mechanism underlying this disease remains poorly understood. Here we report that mice with T-cell-targeted deletion of Stromal Interaction Molecule (STIM) 1 and STIM2 [double-knockout (DKO)] mice develop spontaneous and severe pSS-like autoimmune disease, displaying major hallmarks of the disease. In DKO mice, diffuse lymphocytic infiltration was seen in submandibular glands, a major target of pSS, by age 6 wk, progressing to severe inflammation by age 12 wk. Sjögren's syndrome-specific autoantibodies (SSA/Ro and SSB/La) were detected in the serum, and progressive salivary gland destruction and loss of fluid secretion were also seen. Importantly, we report that peripheral blood mononuclear cells as well as lymphocytic infiltrates in submandibular glands from patients with pSS demonstrated significant reductions in STIM1 and STIM2 proteins. Store-operated calcium entry was also reduced in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from pSS patients compared with those from healthy controls. Thus, deficiency of STIM1 and STIM2 proteins in T cells, and consequent defects in Ca(2+) signaling, are associated with salivary gland autoimmunopathy in DKO mice and pSS patients. These data reveal a previously unreported link between STIM1 and STIM2 proteins and pSS.
A dynamic delayed acknowledgment mechanism to improve TCP performance for asymmetric links (2002)

TCP/IP performance in asymmetric networks can be affected by the reverse data path throughput. This could be naturally due the low bandwidth available on that link or because of some background traffic. We present some solutions to improve TCP performance in such conditions. These solutions need a minimal number of modifications in the actual network configuration.
Multi-receiver authentication code for network coding (2008)

Systems exploiting network coding suffer greatly from pollution attacks which consist of injecting malicious packets in the network. The pollution attacks are amplified by the network coding process resulting in a greater damage than under traditional routing. In this paper, we address this issue with unconditionally secure multi-receiver authentication codes designed for network coding. Our scheme is robust against pollution attacks from outsiders and even from a coalition of k - 1 malicious insiders. With our authentication code, intermediate nodes can verify the message integrity and origin of the packets received without having to decode and thus detect and discard the malicious packets in-transit that fail the verification. This way, the pollution is canceled out before reaching the destinations.
Low density lipoproteins and mitogenic signal transduction processes: role in the pathogenesis of renal disease. (2002)

Abnormalities in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism are commonly observed in patients with chronic renal disease. Specifically, hyperlipidemia and the glomerular deposition of atherogenic lipoproteins (e.g., Low density lipoprotein, LDL; and its oxidized variants) are implicated in key pathobiological processes involved in the development of glomerular disease, including stimulation of monocyte infiltration into the mesangial space, mesangial cell hypercellularity, and mesangial extracellular matrix deposition. This review discusses recent understanding of glomerular mitogenic responses, intracellular signaling events associated with mesangial hypercellularity in renal diseases, and the participation of cholesterol and atherogenic lipoproteins in intracellular signaling pathways involved in mesangial cell proliferation. Generally, the mitogenic intracellular signaling pathways are regulated by the activation of series of transmembrane and cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinases that converge into the activation of Ras and down-stream mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase). Activated MAP kinase, through translocating into the nucleus and the activation of various transcription factors and protooncogenes, regulate cell proliferation. The importance of mitogenic intracellular signaling in mesangial proliferative disease has only recently been recognized and showed that the activation of MAP kinase and/or cyclin/cyclin-dependent kinases play crucial role in different phases of cell growth cycle and hypercellularity of glomerular cells in various experimental renal diseases. Using glomerular mesangial cells as an in-vitro model system, studies from our laboratory indicated that the accumulation of LDL and more potently its oxidized forms within the glomerulus, through the activation of membrane receptor tyrosine kinases (e.g., EGF receptor), activate Ras and MAP kinase signaling cascade leading to DNA synthesis and subsequent mesangial cell proliferation. These data suggest that atherogenic lipoproteins may act as one of the major endogenous modulators for mitogenic signaling response and cell proliferation within the glomerulus. It is reasonable to speculate that the correction or reduction of hyperlipidemia, glomerular lipid deposition, and the pro-oxidative milieu within the glomerulus, through the inhibition of mitogenic signaling events, may provide protective environment against mesangial hypercellularity and subsequent matrix deposition, and the progression of renal disease.
A role for genetic susceptibility in sporadic focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (2016)

In Table
Anti-Tumor Efficacy of Pyrvinium Pamoate Nanoliposomes in an Experimental Model of Melanoma (2021)

Liposomal encapsulation improves the water solubility of PP and enhances its anti-cancer activity.
Photocatalytic conversion of ethane: status and perspective (2019)

Ethane (C2H6) is a main component of natural gas and a notable contributor to photochemical pollution and ozone production in the atmosphere. It is important to convert ethane to useful chemicals. The photocatalytic conversion of ethane is promising but challenging. As the first review article in this area, we summarize the recent important progresses in photocatalytic ethane conversion, with an emphasis on (1) homogeneously functionalization and (2) heterogeneously partial oxidation of ethane. Furthermore, the challenges and future directions are provided for the photocatalytic conversion of ethane.
Nonlinear control synthesis for asymptotic stabilization of the swing equation using a controllable series capacitor via Immersion and Invariance (2008)

A nonlinear control law is proposed to asymptotically stabilize a single machine infinite bus (SMIB) system based on immersion and invariance (I&I) control strategy. The actuator used is a controllable series capacitor (CSC). The SMIB system is described using the nonlinear second order swing equation model, and the CSC is modeled using a first order system. The control objective here is to approximate the complete third order system with a second order dynamics, for which we have an asymptotically stabilizing control law.
Synthese von Strophasterol A – einer Biosynthesevermutung und inhärenter Reaktivität folgend (2016)

Abstract Die Synthese von Strophasterol A, einem Moderator des Stresses des endoplasmatischen Retikulums (ER‐Stress) in der Alzheimer‐Krankheit und erstem Vertreter einer neuartigen Klasse von Secosterolen, gelang unter Anwendung eines Schrittes aus dessen vermuteter Biosynthese sowie zweier C‐H‐Oxidationen. Die Analyse der Intermediate unter Gesichtspunkten ihrer inhärenten Reaktivität ermöglichte es weiterhin, eine neuartige Synthese eines α‐Chlor‐γ‐hydroxy‐δ‐ketoenons sowie seine Verwendung in einer vinylogen α‐Ketol‐Umlagerung hin zu einer δ‐Ketocarbonsäure zu identifizieren.
[2,3]-Sigmatropic Rearrangements of 2-Phosphineborane 2-Propen-1-ols: Rapid Access to Enantioenriched Diphosphine Monoxide Derivatives (2013)

Hydrophosphination of secondary propargylic alcohols generates phosphine-containing allylic alcohols that undergo facile [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangements with chlorophosphines, furnishing highly enantioenriched, crystalline diphosphine monoxides. The configuration at the newly formed stereocenter is opposite to that expected based on prior studies, and an ab initio computational evaluation of the possible transition states was performed to help explain the stereochemical course of the reaction.
Cipher printing telegraph systems: For secret wire and radio telegraphic communications (1926)

This paper describes a printing telegraph cipher system developed during the World War for the use of the Signal Corps, U. S. Army. This system is so designed that the messages are in secret form from the time they leave the sender until they are deciphered automatically at the office of the addressee. If copied while en route, the messages cannot be deciphered by an enemy, even though he has full knowledge of the methods and apparatus used. The operation of the equipment is described, as well as the method of using it for sending messages by wire, mail or radio. The paper also discusses the practical impossibility of preventing the copying of messages, as by wire tapping, and the relative advantages of various codes and ciphers as regards speed, accuracy and the secrecy of their messages.
Improved quantitative circuit model of realistic patch-based nanoantenna-enabled detectors (2018)

Improving the sensitivity of infrared detectors is an essential step for future applications, including satellite- and terrestrial-based systems. We investigate nanoantenna-enabled detectors (NEDs) in the infrared, where the nanoantenna arrays play a fundamental role in enhancing the level of absorption within the active material of a photodetector. The design and optimization of nanoantenna-enabled detectors via full-wave simulations is a challenging task given the large parameter space to be explored. Here, we present a fast and accurate fully analytic circuit model of patch-based NEDs. This model allows for the inclusion of real metals, realistic patch thicknesses, non-absorbing spacer layers, the active detector layer, and absorption due to higher-order evanescent modes of the metallic array. We apply the circuit model to the design of NED devices based on Type II superlattice absorbers, and show that we can achieve absorption of &#x223C;70% of the incoming energy in subwavelength (&#x223C;&#x03BB;/5) absorber layers. The accuracy of the circuit model is verified against full-wave simulations, establishing this model as an efficient design tool to quickly and accurately optimize NED structures.
Entanglement of microwave-optical modes in a strongly coupled electro-optomechanical system (2020)

Quantum transduction between microwaves and optics can be realized by quantum teleportation if given reliable microwave-optical entanglement, namely, entanglement-based quantum transduction. To realize this protocol, an entangled source with a high fidelity between the two frequencies is necessary. In this paper, we study microwave and optical entanglement generation based on a generic cavity electro-optomechanical system in the strong coupling regime. Splittings are shown in the microwave and optical output spectra and the frequency entanglement between the two modes is quantified. We show that entanglement can be straightforwardly encoded in the frequency-bin degree of freedom and propose a feasible experiment to verify entangled photon pairs. The experimental implementation is systematically analyzed, and the preferable parameter regime for entanglement verification is identified. An inequality is given as a criterion for good entanglement verification with analysis of practical imperfections.
4-Carboalkoxylated Polyvalerolactones from Malic Acid: Tough and Degradable Polyesters (2020)

Eight 4-carboalkoxyvalerolactones (<b>CRVL</b>s), varying in the composition of their alkyl (<b>R</b>) side chains, were synthesized from malic acid and subjected to ring-opening transesterification polymerization (ROTEP) using diphenyl phosphate [DPP, (PhO)<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>2</sub>H] as a catalyst. Each <b>CRVL</b> produced a semicrystalline poly(4-carboalkoxyvalerolactone) (<b>PCRVL</b>), and the nature of the <b>R</b> group impacted the thermal transitions of these polyesters. Bulk polymerizations at 70 °C allowed for preparation of high molar mass samples that contained small amounts of branching, as evidenced by <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectroscopy, MALDI spectrometry, size-exclusion chromatography, and eliminative degradation. Tensile testing of these lightly branched, high molar mass samples revealed that these polyesters are tough (tensile toughness values up to 88 ± 33 MJ•m<sup>-3</sup>) and have Young's moduli (<i>E</i>) up to 186 ± 13 MPa. The acid- and base-catalyzed hydrolytic degradation of the <b>PCRVL</b>s was quantitatively monitored using total organic carbon analysis, and effect of the alkyl chain length on <b>PCRVL</b> hydrolysis rate was determined. Finally, the methyl ester variant of these malic acid-derived thermoplastics is known to be chemically recyclable.
The Phospholipase A1 Activity of Glycerol Ester Hydrolase (Geh) Is Responsible for Extracellular 2-12( S )-Methyltetradecanoyl-Lysophosphatidylglycerol Production in Staphylococcus aureus (2023)

Phosphatidylglycerol (PG) is the major membrane phospholipid of Staphylococcus aureus and predominately consists of molecular species with ≥16-carbon acyl chains in the 1-position and <i>anteiso</i> 12(<i>S</i>)-methyltetradecaonate (a15) esterified at the 2-position. The analysis of the growth media for PG-derived products shows S. aureus releases essentially pure 2-12(<i>S</i>)-methyltetradecanoyl-<i>sn</i>-glycero-3-phospho-1'-<i>sn</i>-glycerol (a15:0-LPG) derived from the hydrolysis of the 1-position of PG into the environment. The cellular lysophosphatidylglycerol (LPG) pool is dominated by a15-LPG but also consists of ≥16-LPG species arising from the removal of the 2-position. Mass tracing experiments confirmed a15-LPG was derived from isoleucine metabolism. A screen of candidate secreted lipase knockout strains pinpointed glycerol ester hydrolase (<i>geh</i>) as the gene required for generating extracellular a15-LPG, and complementation of a Δ<i>geh</i> strain with a Geh expression plasmid restored extracellular a15-LPG formation. Orlistat, a covalent inhibitor of Geh, also attenuated extracellular a15-LPG accumulation. Purified Geh hydrolyzed the 1-position acyl chain of PG and generated only a15-LPG from a S. aureus lipid mixture. The Geh product was 2-a15-LPG, which spontaneously isomerizes with time to a mixture of 1- and 2-a15-LPG. Docking PG in the Geh active site provides a structural rationale for the positional specificity of Geh. These data demonstrate a physiological role for Geh phospholipase A1 activity in S. aureus membrane phospholipid turnover. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> Glycerol ester hydrolase, Geh, is an abundant secreted lipase whose expression is controlled by the accessory gene regulator (Agr) quorum-sensing signal transduction pathway. Geh is thought to have a role in virulence based on its ability to hydrolyze host lipids at the infection site to provide fatty acids for membrane biogenesis and substrates for oleate hydratase, and Geh inhibits immune cell activation by hydrolyzing lipoprotein glycerol esters. The discovery that Geh is the major contributor to the formation and release of a15-LPG reveals an unappreciated physiological role for Geh acting as a phospholipase A1 in the degradation of S. aureus membrane phosphatidylglycerol. The role(s) for extracellular a15-LPG in S. aureus biology remain to be elucidated.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of α‐Alkoxyalkyltributyllead Compounds via the Reaction of Tributylplumbyllithium with α‐Chloroethers, and the Conjugate Addition of Tributylplumbyllithium to Enones (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Apigenin Inhibits Cancer Stem Cell‐Like Phenotypes in Human Glioblastoma Cells via Suppression of c‐Met Signaling (2016)

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly malignant human brain tumor with limited treatment choices. The extremely aggressive characteristics of GBM result from GBM stem cells (GSCs), a subpopulation in tumor having self-renewal potential and resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Therefore, eliminating GSCs is an effective strategy to treat this fatal disease. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of dietary flavonoids, including apigenin, quercetin, and naringenin, against cancer stem cell-like phenotypes of human GBM cell lines U87MG and U373MG. Among flavonoids studied, apigenin and quercetin significantly suppressed not only the self-renewal capacity such as cell growth and clonogenicity, but also the invasiveness of GBM stem-like cells. Notably, apigenin blocked the phosphorylation of c-Met and its downstream effectors, transducer and activator of transcription 3, AKT (Protein kinase B), and mitogen-activated protein kinase in the GSCs, thereby reducing the expression levels of GSC markers such as CD133, Nanog, and Sox2. These results suggest that the GSC inhibition effect of apigenin may be caused by downregulation of c-Met signaling pathway.
Passive and Active Combined Attacks on AES Combining Fault Attacks and Side Channel Analysis (2010)

Tamper resistance of hardware products is currently a very popular subject for researchers in the security domain. Since the first Kocher side-channel (passive)attack, the Bellcore researchers and Biham and Shamir fault (active) attacks, many other side-channel and fault attacks have been published. The design of efficient countermeasures still remains a difficult task for IC designers and manufacturers as they must also consider the attacks which combine active and passive threats. It has been shown previously that combined attacks can defeat RSA implementations if side-channel countermeasures and fault protections are developed separately instead of being designed together. This paper demonstrates that combined attacks are also effective on symmetric cryptosystems and shows how they may jeopardize a supposedly state of the art secure AES implementation.
Higgs-Mediated Optical Amplification in a Nonequilibrium Superconductor (2021)

We propose a novel nonequilibrium phenomenon, through which a prompt quench from a metal to a transient superconducting state can induce large oscillations of the order parameter amplitude. We argue that this oscillating mode acts as a source of parametric amplification of the incident radiation. We report experimental results on optically driven K 3 C 60 that are consistent with these predictions. The effect is found to disappear when the onset of the excitation becomes slower than the Higgs-mode period, consistent with the theory proposed here. These results open new possibilities for the use of collective modes in many-body systems to induce nonlinear optical effects.
Nicotine-induced embryonic malformations mediated by apoptosis from increasing intracellular calcium and oxidative stress (2005)

Nicotine affects embryonic development in a concentration-dependent manner. The nicotine-induced embryonic malformations are, in part, a result of excessive cell death. Nicotine increases [Ca2+]i and ROS level, which play a role in nicotine-induced embryonic apoptosis and malformations. These studies identify the molecular pathway of nicotine action in embryonic apoptosis and malformations, and provide a promising approach for ameliorating the teratogenic effects of nicotine.
Structural Basis for Progression toward the Carbapenemase Activity in the GES Family of β-Lactamases (2012)

Carbapenem antibiotics have become therapeutics of last resort for the treatment of difficult infections. The emergence of class-A β-lactamases that have the ability to inactivate carbapenems in the past few years is a disconcerting clinical development in light of the diminished options for treatment of infections. A member of the GES-type β-lactamase family, GES-1, turns over imipenem poorly, but the GES-5 β-lactamase is an avid catalyst for turnover of this antibiotic. We report herein high-resolution X-ray structures of the apo GES-5 β-lactamase and the GES-1 and GES-5 β-lactamases in complex with imipenem. The latter are the first structures of native class-A carbapenemases with a clinically used carbapenem antibiotic in the active site. The structural information is supplemented by information from molecular dynamics simulations, which collectively for the first time discloses how the second step of catalysis by these enzymes, namely, hydrolytic deacylation of the acyl-enzyme species, takes place effectively in the case of the GES-5 β-lactamase and significantly less so in GES-1. This information illuminates one evolutionary path that nature has taken in the direction of the inexorable emergence of resistance to carbapenem antibiotics.
Expression of galectin-3 modulates T-cell growth and apoptosis. (1996)

Galectin-3 is a member (if a large family of beta-galactoside-binding animal lectins. It has been shown that the expression of galectin-3 is upregulated in proliferating cells, suggesting a possible role for this lectin in regulation of cell growth. Previously, we have shown that T cells infected with human T-cell leukemia virus type I express high levels of galectin-3, in contrast to uninfected cells, which do not express detectable amounts of this protein. In this study, we examined growth properties of human leukemia T cells transfected with galectin-3 cDNA, and thus constitutively overexpressing this lectin. Transfectants expressing galectin-3 displayed higher growth rates than control transfectants, which do not express this lectin. Furthermore, galectin-3 expression in these cells confers resistance to apoptosis induced by anti-Fas antibody and staurosporine. Galectin-3 was found to have significant sequence similarity with Bcl-2, a well-characterized suppressor of apoptosis. In particular, the lectin contains the NWGR motif that is highly conserved among members of the Bcl-2 family and shown to be critical for the apoptosis-suppressing activity. We further demonstrated that galectin-3 interacts with Bc1-2 in a lactose-inhibitable manner. We conclude that galectin-3 is a regulator of cell growth and apoptosis and it may function through a cell death inhibition pathway that involves Bcl-2.
Ethyl 2-(2-formylphenoxy)ethanoate–ethyl 2-(2-carboxyphenoxy)ethanoate [0.682 (7)/0.318 (7)] (2007)

In the title cocrystal, 0.682C 11 H 12 O 4 .0.318C 11 H 12 O 5 , the carboxylic acid constituent shows an intramolecular O—H...(O,O) hydrogen bond.
Laser-Induced Microexplosion Confined in the Bulk of a Sapphire Crystal: Evidence of Multimegabar Pressures (2006)

Extremely high pressures ($\ensuremath{\sim}10\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{TPa}$) and temperatures ($5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{5}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{K}$) have been produced using a single laser pulse (100 nJ, 800 nm, 200 fs) focused inside a sapphire crystal. The laser pulse creates an intensity over ${10}^{14}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{W}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ converting material within the absorbing volume of $\ensuremath{\sim}0.2\text{ }\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}{\mathrm{m}}^{3}$ into plasma in a few fs. A pressure of $\ensuremath{\sim}10\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{TPa}$, far exceeding the strength of any material, is created generating strong shock and rarefaction waves. This results in the formation of a nanovoid surrounded by a shell of shock-affected material inside undamaged crystal. Analysis of the size of the void and the shock-affected zone versus the deposited energy shows that the experimental results can be understood on the basis of conservation laws and be modeled by plasma hydrodynamics. Matter subjected to record heating and cooling rates of ${10}^{18}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{K}/\mathrm{s}$ can, thus, be studied in a well-controlled laboratory environment.