gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modelling of a power system for a new airborne radar system using Saber® Focused on the Multiphase Transformer Rectifier Unit (2009)

This M.Sc. thesis focuses on the modelling and verification of a 54-pulse step-down\nAutoTransformer Rectifier Unit (ATRU) used in the power system of the airborne early\nwarning and control system ERIEYE®. A BLDC generator and a PI-controller with abc to dq\ntransformation is designed in Saber® and used in the implementation of the entire radar\npower system supplying three power units mainly consisting of large capacitor banks and\nstep-down DC/DC converters as loads.\nThe system using a 54-pulse step-down ATRU has been evaluated and compared to an older\nsystem incorporating 6-pulse rectification and it was clearly seen that using the newer system\nimproves the quality of the current drawn from the BLDC generator. The 5th and 7th harmonic\nof the voltage and current were reduced by 90%.\nThe M.Sc. thesis has also resulted in a fully functioning and verified model of the 54-pulse\nstep-down ATRU with a PI-controlled BLDC generator and three power units as loads.\nAn evaluation of sharing and administrating Saber® models within a company with high\nsecurity demands has been carried out. It was shown that this can be done in a safe and\neffective way.
A Primer of Neoclassical (Traditional) and Behavioral Economic Principles for Organ Transplantation (2015)

In Brief This primer provides an overview of key concepts in neoclassical and behavioral economics that can be applied to organ transplantation. It illustrates a decision-making framework that may be used to advance our understanding of individual decision-making in transplantation.
Precipitation-Static Interference on Aircraft and at Ground Stations (1939)

The effect of precipitation static on aircraft reception is described and a history of previous work on the subject given. The results of an expedition assembled by the United Air Lines for a study of the subject are described under a series of chapter headings. The meteorological conditions producing the static areas were explored by flights through them and the theory of their formation is discussed. Flight tests of all known types of antistatic antennas were made in bad-weather areas and their effectiveness compared. A theory that the interference results from corona produced on the plane structure was developed and tested by mounting the plane on insulators and charging it to 100,000 volts with all radio equipment and personnel on board. A method for reducing the corona was developed as a result and proved by flight tests. A study of the electromagnetic radiation from corona discharges was made with a synthetic static generator and the operation of the metallically shielded antistatic loop antennas explained and its limitations established. A commercial form of plane discharge system was developed and its advantages and limitations are described. The application of the aircraft results to ground radio reception is discussed.
3-(Fur-2-yl)-10-(2-phenylethyl)-[1,2,4]triazino[4,3-a]benzimidazol-4(10H)-one, a Novel Adenosine Receptor Antagonist with A2A-Mediated Neuroprotective Effects (2011)

In this study, compound FTBI (3-(2-furyl)-10-(2-phenylethyl)[1,2,4]triazino[4,3-a]benzimidazol-4(10H)-one) was selected from a small library of triazinobenzimidazole derivatives as a potent A(2A) adenosine receptor (AR) antagonist and tested for its neuroprotective effects against two different kinds of dopaminergic neurotoxins, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) and methamphetamine (METH), in rat PC12 and in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell lines. FTBI, in a concentration range corresponding to its affinity for A(2A) AR subtype, significantly increased the number of viable PC12 cells after their exposure to METH and, to a similar extent, to MPP+, as demonstrated in both trypan blue exclusion assay and in cytological staining. These neuroprotective effects were also observed with a classical A(2A) AR antagonist, ZM241385, and appeared to be completely counteracted by the AR agonist, NECA, supporting A(2A) ARs are directly involved in FTBI-mediated effects. Similarly, in human SH-SY5Y cells, FTBI was able to prevent cell toxicity induced by MPP+ and METH, showing that this A(2A) AR antagonist has a neuroprotective effect independently by the specific cell model. Altogether these results demonstrate that the A(2A) AR blockade mediates cell protection against neurotoxicity induced by dopaminergic neurotoxins in dopamine containing cells, supporting the potential use of A(2A) AR antagonists in dopaminergic degenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease.
DESIGN OF LARGE DIAMETER CONCRETE SHAFT (LDCS) FOUNDATIONS (PHASE 1). FINAL REPORT (1987)

The primary goal of this research project was the establishment of a design procedure to be used for large diameter (6 ft to 8 ft) concrete shafts. Bridge designers commonly use these large diameter piles to support their structures. Not only are piles required to resist the vertical loads from the structure but also to resist the lateral loads, particularly under earthquake conditions. From a design viewpoint, it is important that the lateral stiffness of the pile-soil interaction be accurately estimated. A thorough literature search of the TRIS, COMPENDEX, and GEOREF databases revealed Professor Reese's computer program, COM624, to be among the most promising for this class of soil-structure interaction problems. This program has been implemented at CALTRANS for pile shaft analysis. The Design Procedure is presented in Appendices A and B.
Inference of Tumor Evolution during Chemotherapy by Computational Modeling and In Situ Analysis of Genetic and Phenotypic Cellular Diversity (2014)

Cancer therapy exerts a strong selection pressure that shapes tumor evolution, yet our knowledge of how tumors change during treatment is limited. Here, we report the analysis of cellular heterogeneity for genetic and phenotypic features and their spatial distribution in breast tumors pre- and post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy. We found that intratumor genetic diversity was tumor-subtype specific, and it did not change during treatment in tumors with partial or no response. However, lower pretreatment genetic diversity was significantly associated with pathologic complete response. In contrast, phenotypic diversity was different between pre- and posttreatment samples. We also observed significant changes in the spatial distribution of cells with distinct genetic and phenotypic features. We used these experimental data to develop a stochastic computational model to infer tumor growth patterns and evolutionary dynamics. Our results highlight the importance of integrated analysis of genotypes and phenotypes of single cells in intact tissues to predict tumor evolution.
A novel syndrome of cerebral cavernous malformation and Greig cephalopolysyndactyly (2007)

A novel syndrome, combining features of CCM and GCPS, can be added to the group of entities that result from deleterious genetic variants involving GLI3, including GCPS, acrocallosal syndrome, Pallister-Hall syndrome, and contiguous gene syndrome. The deletion responsible for this new entity can be easily detected using either array-based chromosomal analysis or quantitative RT-PCR.
On the temperature behavior of the logarithmic integrated circuit current source (1975)

The logarithmic constant current source in silicon integrated circuit form has been analyzed in detail. It is shown that the temperature behavior is critically dependent on the voltage developed across the emitter resistor of the source transistor. This resistor value can be chosen so as to over, under, or perfectly temperature compensate the current source. The results are used to design a current source and are verified by computer simulation.
n‐3 fatty acids as precursors for active metabolic substances: dissonance between expected and observed events (1989)

It may be hypothesized that many diseases are associated with an overproduction of eicosanoids from the n-6 acid, arachidonic acid (20:4n-6), and the formation and function of these n-6 eicosanoids can be antagonized by dietary n-3 fats. This hypothesis provides a basis for evaluating the benefits and risks of including various amounts of n-3 and n-6 fats in the diet. Understanding the impact of dietary polyunsaturated fats leads inevitably to a reappraisal of what is 'normal' in terms of what is typical and what is desirable for the fatty acid composition of tissue lipids, the magnitude of eicosanoid-mediated responses, and the frequency and severity of certain diseases.
Electron spin resonance and steady-state fluorescence polarization studies of lipid bilayers containing integral proteins (1984)

We derive equations that describe changes in the steady-state fluorescence polarization of the probe 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) or in the spectrum of electron spin resonance (ESR) nitroxide spin-labeled lipid probes as a function of the intrinsic molecule concentration in lipid bilayer membranes. We make use of an assumption used by us in an earlier paper. The equations are independent of any membrane model. They are valid when a DPH probe or a spin-labeled chain is equivalent to an unlabeled lipid hydrocarbon chain only as far as their general space-filling properties are concerned. We consider cases where the bilayer is either in a single homogeneous phase or in a two-phase region. We apply our equations to analyze ESR data from delipidated sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes and from egg yolk phosphatidylcholine bilayers containing Ca2+-ATPase, and DPH data from dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) bilayers containing Ca2+-ATPase, both for T greater than Tc. The following conclusions were derived: (i) Ca2+-ATPase oligomers are "randomly" distributed, for the concentrations studied, in the fluid phase. (ii) There is no fixed stoichiometric ratio of "boundary" lipids and oligomers. (iii) Between 24k and 28k lipid molecules are able to surround each isolated oligomer composed of k Ca2+-ATPase monomers. Finally, we apply our equations to analyze DPH studies on DPPC bilayers containing Ca2+-ATPase for T less than Tc. We find that the results reported are in accord with the predictions of the model. In the Appendix, we show that an analytical expression for probabilities used by us is in very good agreement with the results of computer simulation.
An antibody class with a common CDRH3 motif broadly neutralizes sarbecoviruses (2022)

The devastation caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has made clear the importance of pandemic preparedness. To address future zoonotic outbreaks due to related viruses in the sarbecovirus subgenus, we identified a human monoclonal antibody, 10-40, that neutralized or bound all sarbecoviruses tested in vitro and protected against SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV in vivo. Comparative studies with other receptor-binding domain (RBD)-directed antibodies showed 10-40 to have the greatest breadth against sarbecoviruses, suggesting that 10-40 is a promising agent for pandemic preparedness. Moreover, structural analyses on 10-40 and similar antibodies not only defined an epitope cluster in the inner face of the RBD that is well conserved among sarbecoviruses but also uncovered a distinct antibody class with a common CDRH3 motif. Our analyses also suggested that elicitation of this class of antibodies may not be overly difficult, an observation that bodes well for the development of a pan-sarbecovirus vaccine.
SU‐E‐I‐85: Application of Real‐Time Dosimetry to Characterize the X‐Ray Penetrability of CT Scanners (2011)

Purpose: Beam quality measurement on commercial whole body CT scanners generally requires the presence of the service engineer to stop the gantryˈs rotation using a service mode; consequently, the half‐value layer (HVL) is not regularly assessed. An apparatus was constructed and allows for HVL measurements to be performed using a standard axial scan with a prototype real‐time (RT) isotropic dose probe.Method: The HVL apparatus consisted of eight plates of high purity aluminum (type 1100) equally spaced around the probeˈs detective volume. The thickness of the plates ranged from 0.81 mm to 13.51 mm; the x‐ray beam was attenuated by varying amounts as the gantry rotated. From the acquired signal train, the relative signal of the attenuated beam to the unattenuated beam was used to estimate the HVL. The HVL measurements made with the prototype apparatus were validated against conventional methods on a prototype dedicated breast CT (bCT) scanner over a range of x‐ray tube voltages. The energy dependence of the prototype probeˈs output was compared to that of an ion chamber. The HVL measurements were then demonstrated on a clinical whole body CT scanner at four discrete x‐ray tube potentials. Results: The energy dependence of the RT probe was found to be non‐linear as compared to the conventional ion chamber, and a calibration factor for the RT solid‐state probe was produced. After converting the probeˈs signal into units of air kerma, the HVL measurements using the proposed techniques were found to be equivalent to those found using traditional techniques. Conclusions: A proposed new method and apparatus for measurement of the HVL in whole body CT scanners provides for a fast, noninvasive measurement of x‐ray beam quality within a single scan. Using this approach, it is anticipated that HVL measurements across kV settings can be routine in CT scanner evaluation.
Engineering Proteinase Inihibitor Genes For Plant Defense Against Predators (1990)

Small proteinaceous inhibitors (Mr<20,000) of the digestive serine proteinases of animals and microorganisms are found as moderately abundant proteins in storage organs and leaves of many plant genera. The proteins are powerful inhibitors of the digestive enzymes of plant predators and therefore are considered to be part of the array of defensive chemicals of plants. Proteinase inhibitor genes show excellent promise, using DNA technology, to manipulate plant genomes to express these biologically active proteins in order to improve natural defense systems. Members of two unrelated families of serine proteinase inhibitors found in tomato and potato plants, called Inhibitor I (monomer Mr 8000) and Inhibitor II (monomer Mr 12,300), are under both environmental and developmental regulation in different tissues of the plants. Genes coding for wound-inducible Inhibitors I and II have been isolated from both tomato and potato genomes and characterized. Tobacco plants have been transformed with the chimeric genes containing wound-inducible promoters fused with the reporter gene, chloramphenicol acetyl transferase, to assess promoter function and signal transmission. Transacting factors that regulate their expression in response to wounding are also being identified and purified. Intact genes are being employed to transform agriculturally important crop plants to determine their potential usefulness to enhance defensive capabilities of plants against herbivores and pathogens.
Otx2 is required for visceral endoderm movement and for the restriction of posterior signals in the epiblast of the mouse embryo (2001)

Genetic and embryological experiments have demonstrated an essential role for the visceral endoderm in the formation of the forebrain; however, the precise molecular and cellular mechanisms of this requirement are poorly understood. We have performed lineage tracing in combination with molecular marker studies to follow morphogenetic movements and cell fates before and during gastrulation in embryos mutant for the homeobox gene Otx2. Our results show, first, that Otx2 is not required for proliferation of the visceral endoderm, but is essential for anteriorly directed morphogenetic movement. Second, molecules that are normally expressed in the anterior visceral endoderm, such as Lefty1 and Mdkk1, are not expressed in Otx2 mutants. These secreted proteins have been reported to antagonise, respectively, the activities of Nodal and Wnt signals, which have a role in regulating primitive streak formation. The visceral endoderm defects of the Otx2 mutants are associated with abnormal expression of primitive streak markers in the epiblast, suggesting that anterior epiblast cells acquire primitive streak characteristics. Taken together, our data support a model whereby Otx2 functions in the anterior visceral endoderm to influence the ability of the adjacent epiblast cells to differentiate into anterior neurectoderm, indirectly, by preventing them from coming under the influence of posterior signals that regulate primitive streak formation.
Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine among Korean Cancer Patients (2004)

More than two-thirds of cancer patients used various kinds of CAM, incurring considerable costs. Therefore, in order to help patients make informed decisions, medical society should be open to communication with patients. Not only the scientific aspects, but also the economic aspects of CAM usage should be examined more thoroughly, in order to ensure proper distribution of medical resources.
Reduced prefrontal synaptic connectivity and disturbed oscillatory population dynamics in the CNTNAP2 model of autism (2018)

ABSTRACT Loss of function mutations in CNTNAP2 cause a syndromic form of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in humans and produce social deficits, repetitive behaviors, and seizures in mice. Yet, the functional effects of these mutations at the cellular and circuit level remain elusive. Using laser scanning photostimulation, whole-cell recordings, and electron microscopy, we found a dramatic decrease in functional excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs in L2/3 medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of Cntnap2 knock-out (KO) mice. In accordance with decreased synaptic input, KO mice displayed reduced spine and synapse densities, despite normal intrinsic excitability and dendritic complexity. To determine how this decrease in synaptic inputs alters coordination of neuronal firing patterns in vivo , we recorded mPFC local field potentials (LFP) and unit spiking in head-fixed mice during locomotion and rest. In KO mice, LFP power was not significantly altered at all tested frequencies, but inhibitory neurons showed delayed phase-firing and reduced phase-locking to delta and theta oscillations during locomotion. Excitatory neurons showed similar changes but only to delta oscillations. These findings suggest that profound ASD-related alterations in synaptic inputs can yield perturbed temporal coordination of cortical ensembles.
Using differential constraints to reconstruct complex surfaces from stereo (2002)

Stereo reconstruction algorithms often fail to properly deal with complex surfaces, because there is not enough image information. To overcome this problem, we propose to guide the reconstruction process using a priori information about the differential geometry of the object surfaces. We use both linear structures such as crest lines or scalar fields such as curvature values to generate a reconstruction of the surface which is consistent with the differential properties. This method improves the accuracy of the reconstruction around the discontinuities and increases the compactness of the surface representation.
Outcome prediction after moderate and severe head injury using an artificial neural network. (2005)

Many studies have constructed predictive models for outcome after traumatic brain injury. Most of these attempts focused on dichotomous result, such as alive vs dead or good outcome vs poor outcome. If we want to predict more specific levels of outcome, we need more sophisticated models. We conducted this study to determine if artificial neural network modeling would predict outcome in five levels of Glasgow Outcome Scale (death, persistent vegetative state, severe disability, moderate disability, and good recovery) after moderate to severe head injury. The database was collected from a nation-wide epidemiological study of traumatic brain injury in Taiwan from July 1, 1995 to June 30, 1998. There were total 18583 records in this database and each record had thirty-two parameters. After pruning the records with minor cases (GCS 13) and missing data in the 132 variables, the number of cases decreased from 18583 to 4460. A step-wise logistic regression was applied to the remaining data set and 10 variables were selected as being statically significant in predicting outcome. These 10 variables were used as the input neurons for constructing neural network. Overall, 75.8% of predictions of this model were correct, 14.6% were pessimistic, and 9.6% optimistic. This neural network model demonstrated a significant difference of performance between different levels of Glasgow Outcome Scale. The prediction performance of dead or good recovery is best and the prediction of vegetative state is worst. An artificial neural network may provide a useful "second opinion" to assist neurosurgeon to predict outcome after traumatic brain injury.
Short Length Lyot-Filter Utilized in Dual-Wavelength and Wavelength Tunable Mode-Locked Fiber Laser Generation (2019)

We demonstrate a laser cavity which can output dual-wavelength mode-locked fiber laser and wavelength tunable mode-locked fiber laser by using short length Lyot-filter. The dual-wavelength output centers at 1540 nm and 1564 nm and the tunable range of the single-wavelength mode-locked laser is from 1532 nm to 1564 nm.
A fusion of data analysis and non-monotonic reasoning to restore missed RFID readings (2009)

Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a wireless technology which can efficiently track various items within certain proximity. It has the potential to become a great asset across many applications such as a tracking inventory within a warehouse and the ability to track medical utensils within a hospital environment. Unfortunately, there are several problems that hinder the wide scale adoption of RFID technology including the serious threat of missed readings. Current state-of-the-art methodologies which attempt to solve the problem of false negatives can still not effectively restore the data set completely. In this paper, we propose an architecture that utilises a fusion of both intelligent data analysis of the observational records and a non-monotonic reasoning engine designed to determine the most likely values to restore. We then perform an analysis upon our methodology in which we discuss the adoption of our application.
Glutathionyl Transferase Catalyzed Addition of Glutathione to COMC:  A New Hypothesis for Antitumor Activity (2002)

[reaction: see text] Data are presented indicating that the potent antitumor activity of 2-crotonyloxymethyl-(4R,5R,6R)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-cyclohexenone (COTC) and 2-crotonyloxymethyl-2-cyclohexenone (COMC) is not likely the result of glyoxalase I inhibition, as has long been assumed. An alternative hypothesis is presented, based on the finding that COMC is a substrate for human glutathionyl transferase, which produces a transient, highly electrophilic glutathionylated 2-exomethylenecyclohexanone that can covalently modify proteins and nucleic acids.
Handheld Burst Super-Resolution Meets Multi-Exposure Satellite Imagery (2023)

Image resolution is an important criterion for many applications based on satellite imagery. In this work, we adapt a state-of-the-art kernel regression technique for smartphone camera burst super-resolution to satellites. This technique leverages the local structure of the image to optimally steer the fusion kernels, limiting blur in the final high-resolution prediction, denoising the image, and recovering details up to a zoom factor of 2. We extend this approach to the multi-exposure case to predict from a sequence of multi-exposure low-resolution frames a high-resolution and noise-free one. Experiments on both single and multi-exposure scenarios show the merits of the approach. Since the fusion is learning-free, the proposed method is ensured to not hallucinate details, which is crucial for many remote sensing applications.