gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A High-Sensitivity Microfluidic Sensor Based on a Substrate Integrated Waveguide Re-Entrant Cavity for Complex Permittivity Measurement of Liquids (2018)

In this study, a novel non-invasive and contactless microwave sensor using a square substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) re-entrant cavity is proposed for complex permittivity measurement of chemical solutions. The working principle of this sensor is based on cavity perturbation technique, in which the resonant properties of cavity are utilized as signatures to extract the dielectric information of liquid under test (LUT). A winding microfluidic channel is designed and embedded in the gap region of the cavity to obtain a strong interaction between the induced electric field and LUT, thus achieving a high sensitivity. Also, a mathematical predictive model which quantitatively associates the resonant properties of the sensor with the dielectric constant of LUT is developed through numerical analysis. Using this predictive model, quick and accurate extraction of the complex permittivity of LUT can be easily realized. The performance of this sensor is then experimentally validated by four pure chemicals (hexane, ethyl acetate, DMSO and water) together with a set of acetone/water mixtures in various concentrations. Experimental results demonstrate that the designed sensor is capable of characterizing the complex permittivities of various liquids with an accuracy of higher than 96.76% (compared with the theoretical values obtained by Debye relaxation equations), and it is also available for quantifying the concentration ratio of a given binary mixture.
Tomographic three-dimensional imaging of a biological specimen using wavelength-scanning digital interference holography (2000)

The principle of wavelength-scanning digital interference holography is applied to three-dimensional imaging of a small biological specimen. The images are reconstructed from a number of holograms digitally recorded while the wavelengths are varied at regular intervals, and the numerical interference of the multiple three-dimensional hologram fields results in tomographic images with narrow axial resolution. An animated three-dimensional model of the object is constructed from the tomographic images.
Time-Symmetric Physics: A Radical Approach to the Decoherence Problem (2014)

The most powerful form of quantum learning system possible would somehow learn the parameters W of a quantum system f(X, W), for f representing the largest, most powerful set of possible input-output relations. This paper addresses the issue of how to enlarge the set represented by f, by using a new formulation of time-symmetric physics to model analog quantum computers based on spin and by exploring possible sources of backwards-time free energy so as to address problems of decoherence and dissipation.
SENSE: Sensitivity encoding for fast MRI (1999)

New theoretical and practical concepts are presented for considerably enhancing the performance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) by means of arrays of multiple receiver coils. Sensitivity encoding (SENSE) is based on the fact that receiver sensitivity generally has an encoding effect complementary to Fourier preparation by linear field gradients. Thus, by using multiple receiver coils in parallel scan time in Fourier imaging can be considerably reduced. The problem of image reconstruction from sensitivity encoded data is formulated in a general fashion and solved for arbitrary coil configurations and k-space sampling patterns. Special attention is given to the currently most practical case, namely, sampling a common Cartesian grid with reduced density. For this case the feasibility of the proposed methods was verified both in vitro and in vivo. Scan time was reduced to one-half using a two-coil array in brain imaging. With an array of five coils double-oblique heart images were obtained in one-third of conventional scan time. Magn Reson Med 42:952-962, 1999.
Solid Alloy Electrodes in Stripping Voltammetry (2008)

In voltammetry, the choice of working electrode is of outmost importance to fulfil needed demands and criteria. Heyrovskys invention of the polarographic method started in 1922, for which he was granted the Nobel Prize in 1959, was a pioneer work within the field of electroanalytical chemistry. In polarography, the working electrode is normally a liquid mercury drop electrode, which possesses several advantageous properties for this purpose. Voltammetric methods have recently proved to have a great potential within off-laboratory environmental monitoring, which has created a demand for additional electrodes specifically for such purposes. This review gives a short overview of the solid silver amalgam electrode and some additional alloy electrodes, which during the last 10 years have been reported to be suitable alternative electrodes to liquid mercury, especially for environmental monitoring.
Silk Fibroin Scaffold-Based 3D Co-Culture Model for Modulation of Chondrogenesis without Hypertrophy via Reciprocal Cross-talk and Paracrine Signaling (2019)

In this study, the effect of cellular cross-talk on modulation of chondrogenesis and hypertrophy while minimizing the usage of articular chondrocytes (ACs) has been investigated. Herein, co-culture of ACs with adipose-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (ADhMSCs) was employed for cross-talk within silk fibroin (SF)-based three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds. The co-culture model was developed by co-culturing four different ratios of ADhMSCs to ACs: 1:0, 3:1, 1:1, and 0:1 on porous 3D SF scaffolds for 21 days. The co-culture groups were cultured in defined media without adding any exogenous growth factors except the monoculture group, ADhMSC-only controls. The co-cultured constructs indicated significantly higher cellular viability and proliferation than the control monoculture groups. The supernatants of co-culture groups indicated significantly higher levels of TGF-β1 and IL-10, which confirmed the production of the morphogens/signaling molecules by chondrocytes for induction of ADhMSCs differentiation toward the chondrogenic phenotype. Biochemical assays indicated enhanced accumulation of sulfated glycosaminoglycans, collagen, and high DNA content along with high cellularity in co-culture groups than chondrocyte-only controls. Co-culture groups revealed synergistic interactions between cells as indicated by the interaction index value ranging from 2-3. Furthermore, upregulation of putative chondrogenic markers-aggrecan, sox-9, and collagen II, and significantly reduced expression of hypertrophic genes-collagen type X and MMP-13 was revealed in co-culture constructs. Histological and immunohistochemical staining also demonstrated even distribution and deposition of ECM in co-cultured constructs. Taken together, this work presents the potential of the developed 3D co-culture model toward modulation of chondrogenesis and hypertrophy via 3D microenvironment induced by physicochemical and biological properties of SF scaffolds, synergistic interactions between cells, and paracrine signaling in the co-culture system.
Low-Profile Flexible Wideband Microwave Absorber With Resistive Ink (2021)

This paper presents a wideband low-profile flexible microwave absorber for military applications following stealth technology. The absorber is designed on low-cost flexible composite substrate of Kapton and Neoprene Rubber with a total thickness of $0.045 \lambda_{0}$ at the lowest absorption frequency, i.e., 1.5 GHz. The 80 &#x0025; absorption fractional bandwidth is 126 &#x0025;, i.e., 1.5-6.6 GHz for all polarizationangles and a wide range of incident angles. The monostatic RCS reduction to the proposed absorber is 18 dB compared to that of a same-sized metal sheet at around the frequency of 5 GHz.
Cellular localization of Nicastrin affects amyloid β species production (2008)

The gamma-secretase complex, composed by presenilin, nicastrin, APH-1 and PEN-2, is involved in intramembranous proteolysis of membrane proteins, such as amyloid precursor protein or Notch. Cleavage occurs in multiple cellular compartments. Here, nicastrin mutants containing targeting signals to the endoplasmic reticulum, trans-Golgi network, lysosomes, or plasma membrane have been shown to yield active gamma-secretase complexes with different activities and specificities: wild-type and plasma membrane nicastrin complexes yielded the highest amounts of secreted amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta), predominantly Abeta40, whereas intracellular targeted mutants produced intracellular Abeta, with a comparatively higher amount of Abeta42. These results suggest that compartmental microenvironments play a role in gamma-secretase activity and specificity.
Inverted Gabor holography principle for tailoring arbitrary shaped three-dimensional beams (2016)

Abstract It is well known that by modifying the wavefront in a certain manner, the light intensity can be turned into a certain shape. However, all known light modulation techniques allow for limited light modifications only: focusing within a restricted region in space, shaping into a certain class of parametric curves along the optical axis or bending described by a quadratic-dependent deflection as in the case of Airy beams. We show a general case of classical light wavefront shaping that allows for intensity and phase redistribution into an arbitrary profile including pre-determined switching-off of the intensity. To create an arbitrary three-dimensional path of intensity, we represent the path as a sequence of closely packed individual point-like absorbers and simulate the in-line hologram of the created object set; when such a hologram is contrast inverted, thus giving rise to a diffractor, it creates the pre-determined three-dimensional path of intensity behind the diffractor under illumination. The crucial parameter for a smooth optical path is the sampling of the predetermined curves, which is given by the lateral and axial resolution of the optical system. We provide both, simulated and experimental results to demonstrate the power of this novel method.
Breast dose in mammography is about 30% lower when realistic heterogeneous glandular distributions are considered (2015)

Introducing bCT-derived heterogeneous glandular distributions into mammography phantom design resulted in decreased glandular dose relative to the widely used homogeneous assumption. A homogeneous distribution overestimates the amount of glandular tissue near the entrant surface of the breast, where dose deposition is exponentially higher. While these findings are based on clinically measured distributions of glandular tissue using a large cohort of women, future work is required to improve the classification of glandular distributions based on breast size and overall glandular fraction.
Lysis of Filamentous Bacteria by Surfactants. (1998)

A microbial substance that lyses filamentous bacteria was purified and characterized. It could not be rendered inactive by various enzyme denaturing treatment. The substance had properties similar to those of a biosurfactant that is often produced by B. subtilis. Lysing of filamentous bacteria with synthetic surfactants was also examined. Several synthetic surfactants were found to be capable of lysing filamentous bacteria. Nonionic synthetic surfactants with an HLB of 14 were found to lyse Spaerotilus natans, Type 1701, Thiothrix, Haliscomenobacter, Type 0961 and Type 021N in activated sludges sampled from wastewater treatment plants. Use of the synthetic surfactant to lyse filamentous bacteria was also demonstrated in a continuous-feed aeration tank, and settleability of sludge was improved. The surfactent did not adversely effect floc-forming microorganisms as evidenced by the high rate of TOC removal. The results indicate that synthetic surfactants can be used to prevent filamentous bulking in the activated sludge process.
Using Deep Reinforcement Learning for Application Relocation in Multi-Access Edge Computing (2019)

Multi-access edge computing (MEC) brings data and computational resources near mobile users, with the ultimate goal of reducing latency, improving resource utilization, and leveraging context and radio awareness. Relocation policies for applications in the MEC environment are necessary to guarantee its effectiveness and performance, and can use a multitude of different data (user position and direction, availability of MEC services and computation resources, etc.). In this article, we advocate using deep reinforcement learning to relocate applications in MEC scenarios, by having MEC learn during the evolution of the system. We show the feasibility of this approach and highlight its benefits via simulation, also presenting an environment that can foster future research on this topic.
Reply to Comment on “Jilkova, Z.M.; et al. Predictive Factors for Response to PD-1/PD-L1 Checkpoint Inhibition in the Field of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Current Status and Challenges” Cancers 2019, 11, 1554 (2020)

We appreciate the comments made on our review paper focused on possible predictive factors for responses to PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors in the field of hepatocellular carcinoma [...].
Clinical Pathological Correlations In Squirrel Monkeys After Suppression Of Semicircular Canal Function By Streptomycin Sulfate (1966)

Pathological effects of streptomycin sulfate on semicircular canal functions in squirrel monkeys - aerospace medicine
X-Ray Absorption Spectra and the Local Structure of Nickel in Some Oxycompounds and Fluorides (1997)

X-ray absorption spectra were measured for a number of nickel oxycompounds and fluorides which contain nickel with valencies in the range of 2 to 4. Information on the local structure and nature of bonding of nickel were derived using theoretical standards generated with the FEFF code. The energies of the main Ni K-edge and the pre-edge peak were found to shift to higher values by about 1.5 and 0.6 eV, respectively, per unit increase in the valency of nickel. The average Ni-O and Ni-F bond length within the octahedron decreased linearly with increase in nickel valency from 2 to 4. The local structure parameters for the higher valency nickel oxycompounds are consistent with a multi-phase model in which up to three phases corresponding to Ni2+, Ni3+, and Ni4+ could be present in different proportions depending on preparation procedures.
3-Iodothyronamine Induces Diverse Signaling Effects at Different Aminergic and Non-Aminergic G-Protein Coupled Receptors (2019)

The thyroid hormone metabolite 3-iodothyronamine (3-T1AM) exerts diverse physiological reactions such as a decrease of body temperature, and negative inotropic and chronotropic effects. This observed pleomorphic effect in physiology can be barely explained by interaction with only one target protein such as the trace-amine receptor 1 (TAAR1), a class A G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR). Moreover, <i>Taar1</i> knock-out mice still react to 3-T1AM through physiological responses with a rapid decrease in body temperature. These facts propelled our group and others to search for further targets for this molecule.The group of TAARs evolved early in evolution and, according to sequence similarities, they are closely related to adrenoceptors and other aminergic receptors. Therefore, several of these receptors were characterized by their potential to interplay with 3-T1AM. Indeed, 3-T1AM acts as a positive allosteric modulator on the beta2-adrenoceptor (ADRB2) and as a biased agonist on the serotonin receptor 1B (5HT1b) and the alpha2-adrenoceptor (ADRA2A). In addition, 3-T1AM was reported to be a weak antagonist at a non-aminergic muscarinic receptor (M3).These findings impressively reflect that such trace amines can unselectively and simultaneously function at different receptors expressed by one cell or at different tissues. In conclusion, the role of 3-T1AM is hypothesized to concert the fine-tuning of specific cell reactions by the accentuation of certain pathways dependent on distinct receptors. 3-T1AM acts as a regulator of signals by blocking, modulating, or inducing simultaneously distinct intracellular signaling cascades via different GPCRs.
Mussel-inspired synthesis of amino acid modified magnetic nanoparticles for high-efficiency dye adsorption (2018)

The design of absorbents that can handle poisonous dyes in wastewaters is of great importance. Herein, we synthesize amino acid modified magnetic nanoparticles via a polydopamine (PDA) assisting strategy. By this strategy, a high adsorption of methylene blue reaches 950 mg g−1, which is superior to most reported dyes absorbents. Furthermore, this synthetic route is very simple and the absorbents can be fast separated from waste water by virtue of their strong super-paramagnetism.
Catalytic Properties of the Asparaginyl Hydroxylase (FIH) in the Oxygen Sensing Pathway Are Distinct from Those of Its Prolyl 4-Hydroxylases (2004)

The activity of hypoxia-inducible transcription factor HIF, an alphabeta heterodimer that has an essential role in adaptation to low oxygen availability, is regulated by two oxygen-dependent hydroxylation events. Hydroxylation of specific proline residues by HIF prolyl 4-hydroxylases targets the HIF-alpha subunit for proteasomal destruction, whereas hydroxylation of an asparagine in the C-terminal transactivation domain prevents its interaction with the transcriptional coactivator p300. The HIF asparaginyl hydroxylase is identical to a previously known factor inhibiting HIF (FIH). We report here that recombinant FIH has unique catalytic and inhibitory properties when compared with those of the HIF prolyl 4-hydroxylases. FIH was found to require particularly long peptide substrates so that omission of only a few residues from the N or C terminus of a 35-residue HIF-1alpha sequence markedly reduced its substrate activity. Hydroxylation of two HIF-2alpha peptides was far less efficient than that of the corresponding HIF-1alpha peptides. The K(m) of FIH for O(2) was about 40% of its atmospheric concentration, being about one-third of those of the HIF prolyl 4-hydroxylases but 2.5 times that of the type I collagen prolyl 4-hydroxylase. Several 2-oxoglutarate analogs were found to inhibit FIH but with distinctly different potencies from the HIF prolyl 4-hydroxylases. For example, the two most potent HIF prolyl 4-hydroxylase inhibitors among the compounds studied were the least effective ones for FIH. It should therefore be possible to develop specific small molecule inhibitors for the two enzyme classes involved in the hypoxia response.
Evidence concerning the effect of topology on electrical switching in chalcogenide network glasses (1996)

Electrical switching properties of Ge-As-Te glasses have been investigated over a wide range of mean coordination numbers (〈r〉) in a single composition tie line. The results obtained clearly indicate the modulation of the composition dependence of switching fields by network topology. Distinct change is observed in the slope of the composition dependence of switching field, at x=25 (〈r〉=2.4) and x=52.5 (〈r〉=2.67), which correspond to mechanical and chemical thresholds, respectively. Present results also rule out the earlier suggestions such as shifting of percolation threshold to higher 〈r〉 values and the likelihood of two isolated rigidity percolation thresholds in such glass systems. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Figure S2 from Somatic Hypermutation of the <i>YAP</i> Oncogene in a Human Cutaneous Melanoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Correlation between mRNA expression and copy number (CN) in the 10 most commonly amplified Hippo pathway genes&lt;/p&gt;
Una maqueta para el estudio de transmisiones laterales en edificación (2009)

La cuantificacion de las transmisiones laterales en la prediccion del aislamiento acustico es un problema actual. La diferencia de velocidades entre las superficies a estudio y el tiempo de reverberacion estructural son dos magnitudes fundamentales. Existen diferentes formulaciones en la UNE EN 12354: 2000 para diferentes soluciones constructivas, y se detalla un procedimiento de medida en la UNE-EN ISO 10848-1: 2007. En este trabajo, se comparan los indices de reduccion vibracional segun la 12354, medidos segun se especifica en la 10848, las medidas han sido realizadas sobre una maqueta formada sobre una losa de hormigon.
<title>Back-illuminated 1024 x 1024 quadrant readout imager: operation and screening test results</title> (1991)

The Tektronix CCD Manufacturing Group has applied their thinning back surface enhancement and anti-reflection coating processes to produce a 1024 by 1024 chargecoupled device imager with high quantum efficiency (QE) from 350 to 1 100 nm. The TK1O24AB device designed for scientific imaging applications features low noise wide dynamic range excellent charge transfer efficiency and low dark current. The quad-output architecture permits the simultaneous readout of each quarter of the device reducing the time to read out the CCD to that of a 5 12 by 512 device. This paper summarizes the test results from several lots of TK 1024AB runs. The subjects covered include: QE the on-chip amplifier characteristics dark current measurement CTE and characterization of various defects. The paper will also describe the test hardware and procedures used to evaluate the performance of the devices.
Comets - Distant and Nearby (1983)

interest in comets has received a new impetus. Everybody knows this famous comet and when the predicted orbit for its Current return was published in 1977, several astronomers started a systematic search to recover the objecl. Apart from the honour of being the first to see P/Hailey (PI is used for periodic comets with periods of less than 200 years), there was also a very practical aspecl. No less than four spacecraft are planned to intercept Comet Halley in 1986, and it was of obvious necessity to learn, as early as possible, the exact orbit of the comet upon its return. Following the recovery 5 m Palomar observations, teams of astronomers at the Kitt Peak 4 m and the Canada-France-Hawaii 3.5 m telescopes were immediately successful in detecting P/Halley. At ESO, the first (unsuccessful) attempts were already made in 1980, with the ESO 3.6 m telescope on.Photographic plates and with the Oanish 1.5 m telescope by,means of the electronographic McMulian camera. These
Matériaux composites à base de nanotubes de carbone pour le blindage d'interférences électromagnétiques (2007)

Parce qu’ils sont d’excellents conducteurs électriques et qu'ils présentent une très petite\ntaille et un rapport longueur/diamètre supérieur à 1000, les nanotubes de carbone peuvent\nêtre dispersés dans les polymères isolants pour leur conférer la propriété d’absorber les\nondes électromagnétiques et radios. Après une brève introduction à la physique des\nnanotubes de carbone, et un rappel des notions de base relatives au blindage\nelectromagnétique, le présent article se propose d’illustrer par quelques exemples les\nperformances supérieures qui peuvent être obtenues pour des composites polymères à\nbase de nanotubes de carbone, ainsi que les moyens à mettre en œuvre pour y arriver.