gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
TVB Runge-Kutta local projection discontinuous Galerkin finite element method for conservation laws. II. General framework (1989)

This is the second paper in a series in which we construct and analyze a class of TVB (total variation bounded) discontinuous Galerkin finite element methods for solving conservation laws <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="u Subscript t Baseline plus sigma-summation Underscript i equals 1 Overscript d Endscripts left-parenthesis f Subscript i Baseline left-parenthesis u right-parenthesis right-parenthesis Subscript x Sub Subscript i Baseline equals 0"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mo movablelimits="false">∑</mml:mo> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{u_t} + \sum \nolimits _{i = 1}^d {{{({f_i}(u))}_{{x_i}}} = 0}</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula>. In this paper we present a general framework of the methods, up to any order of formal accuracy, using scalar one-dimensional initial value and initial-boundary problems as models. In these cases we prove TVBM (total variation bounded in the means), TVB, and convergence of the schemes. Numerical results using these methods are also given. Extensions to systems and/or higher dimensions will appear in future papers.
Millimeter Wave Communications for Future Mobile Networks (Guest Editorial), Part I (2017)

For the potential of providing rates of multiple Giga-bps in a single channel, millimeter wave (mmWave) communications have recently attracted substantial research interest. While mmWave technology is already being used in stationary scenarios such as indoor hotspots or backhaul, it is challenging to use mmWave frequencies in mobile networks, where transmitting/receiving nodes may be moving, channels may have a complicated structure, and the coordination among multiple nodes is difficult. To fully exploit the high potential rates of mmWave in mobile networks, many significant technical challenges must be tackled. The main objective of this IEEE JSAC Special Issue on “ <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Millimeter wave communications for future mobile networks</i> ” is to collect the most recent technical advances in mmWave for future mobile networks. The response from the community to the call has been overwhelming. We received 96 submissions with a call period short than 4 months. Many of the submissions are from the most well known research groups in the field. After a strict review process, we decided to accept 38 papers, which will be published in two issues. The papers were selected based on the technical relevance and merits. Unfortunately, due to space limitations, a number of interesting papers were not selected, despite the merits that they had. We sincerely hope those papers can find other publishing venues.
Insights from Analysis of Video Streaming Data to Improve Resource\n Management (2018)

Today a large portion of Internet traffic is video. Over The Top (OTT)\nservice providers offer video streaming services by creating a large\ndistributed cloud network on top of a physical infrastructure owned by multiple\nentities. Our study explores insights from video streaming activity by\nanalyzing data collected from Korea's largest OTT service provider. Our\nanalysis of nationwide data shows interesting characteristics of video\nstreaming such as correlation between user profile information (e.g., age, sex)\nand viewing habits, viewing habits of users (when do the users watch? using\nwhich devices?), viewing patterns (early leaving viewer vs. steady viewer),\netc. Video on Demand (VoD) streaming involves costly (and often limited)\ncompute, storage, and network resources. Findings from our study will be\nbeneficial for OTTs, Content Delivery Networks (CDNs), Internet Service\nProviders (ISPs), and Carrier Network Operators, to improve their resource\nallocation and management techniques.\n
Anti-inflammatory strategies for homocysteine-related cardiovascular disease (2009)

Homocysteine may induce vascular damage for atherosclerosis. Vitamin/folate supplementation has been proposed to reduce the cardiovascular disease risk. Nevertheless, there is no randomized clinical trial clearly proving the efficacy of reducing the homocysteine as a means of lowering the incidence of cardiovascular disease. Homocysteine induces oxidative stress leading to endothelial dysfunction. In addition, homocysteine-induced oxidative stress favors lipid peroxidation and induces production of inflammatory factors, thus accelerating atherosclerosis. In this paper, we reviewed the available evidence concerning the association between homocysteine and cardiovascular disease, with the objective of discussing the pertinence of screening, treatment, and prevention of hyperhomocysteinemia-related cardiovascular disease. Our previous findings also indicated the significant role of mononuclear cells activation in homocysteine-induced endothelial dysfunction; treatment with statins attenuated homocysteine-induced endothelial adhesiveness, indicating the novel endothelial protection effects of statins in the presence of homocysteine. Since inflammation and oxidative stress are critical to homocysteine-induced vascular damage, the improvement of endothelial dysfunction and the inhibition of mononuclear cell activation by anti-inflammatory and/or antioxidative drugs/agents may serve as the potential therapeutic strategy for hyperhomocysteinemia-related cardiovascular disease.
Low-affinity IgM antibodies lacking somatic hypermutations are produced in the secondary response of C57BL/6 mice to (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl hapten (2013)

Class-switched memory B cells, which are generated through the processes of somatic hypermutation (SHM) and affinity-based selection in germinal centers, contribute to the production of affinity-matured IgG antibodies in the secondary immune response. However, changes in the affinity of IgM antibodies during the immune response have not yet been studied, although IgM(+) memory B cells have been shown to be generated. In order to understand the relationship between IgM affinity and the recall immune response, we prepared hybridomas producing anti-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl (NP) IgM antibodies from C57BL/6 mice and from activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID)-deficient mice. Binding analysis by ELISA showed that mAbs obtained from the secondary immune response contained IgM mAbs with affinity lower than the affinity of mAbs obtained from the primary response. By analyzing sequences of the IgM genes of hybridomas and plasma cells, we found many unmutated VH genes. VH genes that had neither tyrosine nor glycine at position 95 were frequent. The repertoire change may correlate with the lower affinity of IgM antibodies in the secondary response. The sequence and affinity changes in IgM antibodies were shown to be independent of SHM by analyzing hybridomas from AID-deficient mice. A functional assay revealed a reciprocal relationship between affinity and complement-dependent hemolytic activity toward NP-conjugated sheep RBCs; IgM antibodies with lower affinities had higher hemolytic activity. These findings indicate that lower affinity IgM antibodies with enhanced complement activation function are produced in the secondary immune response.
Advances in Hydrogel Adhesives for Gastrointestinal Wound Closure and Repair (2023)

Millions of individuals undergo gastrointestinal (GI) tract surgeries each year with common postoperative complications including bleeding, perforation, anastomotic leakage, and infection. Today, techniques such as suturing and stapling seal internal wounds, and electrocoagulation stops bleeding. These methods induce secondary damage to the tissue and can be technically difficult to perform depending on the wound site location. To overcome these challenges and to further advance wound closure, hydrogel adhesives are being investigated to specifically target GI tract wounds because of their atraumatic nature, fluid-tight sealing capability, favorable wound healing properties, and facile application. However, challenges remain that limit their use, such as weak underwater adhesive strength, slow gelation, and/or acidic degradation. In this review, we summarize recent advances in hydrogel adhesives to treat various GI tract wounds, with a focus on novel material designs and compositions to combat the environment-specific challenges of GI injury. We conclude with a discussion of potential opportunities from both research and clinical perspectives.
New trends in biophotonics (2015)

Photonic structures offer a promising alternative of conventional electronic ones, especially for future information technological applications. Instead of conductors and transistors, their optical analogues (miniature light guides and optical switches, respectively) are serving as passive and active elements processing information in photonic circuits. One of the biggest challenges in this respect is to find proper nonlinear optical (NLO) materials that are able to actively control the flow of information in integrated optical (IO) circuits. Several inorganic and organic materials have been considered for this special application, requiring high speed, sensitivity, reliability and log-term stability. So far, however, none of them is regarded as the optimal solution. In 2002, we suggested an especially stable, light-sensitive biomaterial, the protein bacteriorhodopsin (bR), to be used as an active material in NLO structures of IO applications (Ormos et al. 2002). An IO switching and modulation using a bR adlayer on a grating-coupled planar optical waveguide was also demonstrated. This publication inspired a number of upcoming research papers dealing with the application of bR in different optical switch structures, defining a new trend in photonics, using hybride structures comprised of passive inorganic, and active biomaterials. Below, we give a brief overview of the relevant, recent results.
P4589The prognostic impact of the Medina classification in bifurcation lesion percutaneous coronary intervention (2019)

Abstract Background/Introduction The Medina classification is the most widespread method to describe bifurcation lesions. However, little is known regarding the prognostic impact of the classification. Purpose To assess the prognostic significance of the Medina classification following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods The study included 738 consecutive patients from a prospective bifurcation registry. There were 609 patients (82.5%) with “true bifurcation” (TB) lesions (Medina class 1.0.1, 1.1.1, 0.1.1) and 129 (17.5%) in all other categories (“non-true bifurcation” = NTB). We compared rates of death and major adverse cardiac events (MACE: cardiac death, myocardial infarction, or target vessel revascularization) at 12 months and 3 years. Results Patients with TB had lower rates of previous bypass surgery (9.4% vs. 12.2%, p=0.03) and hyperlipidemia (75.2% vs. 79.0%, p=0.04). TB lesions were more likely to be calcified (33.8% vs. 28.2%, p=0.03) and ulcerated (8.9% vs. 3.4%, p&lt;0.01). At 12 months, mortality was numerically higher for TB PCI (4.1% vs. 2.0%m p=0.052) and MACE rates were higher (13.2% vs. 5.2%, p&lt;0.001). At 3 years, both all cause death (10.1% vs. 4.9%, p=0.002), as well as rates of MACE (27.2% vs. 11.6%, p&lt;0.001) were higher for TB PCI (Figure 1). After performing regression analysis, TB remained an independent predictor for poor outcomes (OR- 3.93 at 12 months, CI 1.45–10.66, p=0.007, OR-3.26 at 3 years, CI 1.47–7.25, p=0.004 for MACE). Conclusions TB lesions, according to the Medina classification, portend worse prognosis for patients undergoing bifurcation PCI. This may guide prognostication and decision making in treatment.
Tinycasper (2008)

This demo presents a privacy-preserving aggregate location monitoring system, namely, TinyCasper, in which we can monitor moving objects in wireless sensor networks while preserving their location privacy. TinyCasper consists of two main modules, in-network location anonymization and aggregate query processing over anonymized locations. In the first module, trusted wireless sensor nodes collaborate with each other to anonymize users' exact locations by a cloaked spatial region that satisfies a prespecified privacy requirement. On the other side, the aggregate query processing module collects and analyzes the cloaked spatial regions reported from the wireless sensor nodes to support aggregate and alarm queries over anonymized locations. The prototype of TinyCasper is implemented on a physical test-bed on the TinyOS/Mote platform with 39 MICAz motes.
On the Articulatory Representation of Speech within the Evolving Transformation System Formalism (2004)

This paper deals with the formulation of an alternative, structural, approach to the speech representation and recognition problem. In this approach, we require both the representation and the learning algorithms to be linguistically meaningful and to naturally represent the linguistic data at hand. This allows the speech recognition system to discover the emergent combinatorial structure of the linguistic classes. The proposed approach is developed within the ETS formalism, the first formalism in applied mathematics specifically designed to address the issues of class and object/event representation. We present an initial application of ETS to the articulatory modelling of speech based on elementary physiological gestures that can be reliably represented as the ETS primitives. We discuss the advantages of this gestural approach over prevalent methods and its promising potential to mathematical modelling and representation in linguistics.
Resistance Anomaly of Nb–Si Thin Films (1983)

A resistance anomaly of very thin Nb–Si films is reported. The anomaly is characterized by a sudden drop in the resistance by a factor of ∼10 3 at a temperature ( T D ) of ∼180 K without any application of pressure. The lower resistance-state (∼zero Ω) is constant to 4.2 K so far as we measured. T D depends on measuring current and on magnetic fields. The anomaly has properties very similar to those of CuCl under high pressure .
VLSI Architecture of GMM Processing and Viterbi Decoder for 60,000-Word Real-Time Continuous Speech Recognition (2011)

We propose a low-memory-bandwidth, high-efficiency VLSI architecture for 60-k word real-time continuous speech recognition. Our architecture includes a cache architecture using the locality of speech recognition, beam pruning using a dynamic threshold, two-stage language model searching, a parallel Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) architecture based on the mixture level and frame level, a parallel Viterbi architecture, and pipeline operation between Viterbi transition and GMM processing. Results show that our architecture achieves 88.24% required frequency reduction (66.74MHz) and 84.04% memory bandwidth reduction (549.91MB/s) for real-time 60-k word continuous speech recognition.
Defuse the News: Predicting Misinformation and Bias in News on Social Networks via Content-Blind Learning (2018)

As the locus of social discourse shifts to the Internet, information travels faster than ever before. Consequently, the risks to truth are high when misinformation propagates through social networks billions of individuals strong. For humans, the task of identifying fake news at scale is both imperative and impossible. This work integrates machine learning with network theory to build models of information veracity, political bias, and subject matter based on the topology of Twitter retweet networks that form around news articles. Crucially, these models have no access to linguistic, temporal, or user-identifying information and instead operate solely over the shape of the networks surrounding news articles, a novel specification termed content-blindness. This thesis is the first application of predictive analytics to the largest collection of fake news stories and associated social networks ever assembled. As such, this work represents the state of the art for fake news identification in this domain. Using graph kernel algorithms to extract information from Twitter network structures, these models predict information veracity at 84% accuracy, political bias at 93%, and subject matter at 76%. This research also suggests that models that adhere to content-blindness enjoy decisive advantages over those that take linguistic content into account. While content-aware models can be fooled by a single fake news writer, topological methods are robust to interference by malicious producers of false content; attacking a content-blind model requires changing a large network's topology, an undertaking that inherently demands concerted action. Last, these models can be used, not just forensically - after the fake news has run its course - but in real time, to make accurate predictions about information as it spreads.
Lessons on autoimmune diabetes from animal models (2006)

T1DM (Type I diabetes mellitus) results from selective destruction of the insulin-producing beta-cells of the pancreas by the immune system, and is characterized by hyperglycaemia and vascular complications arising from suboptimal control of blood glucose levels. The discovery of animal models of T1DM in the late 1970s and early 1980s, particularly the NOD (non-obese diabetic) mouse and the BB (BioBreeding) diabetes-prone rat, had a fundamental impact on our ability to understand the genetics, aetiology and pathogenesis of this disease. NOD and BB diabetes-prone rats spontaneously develop a form of diabetes that closely resembles the human counterpart. Early studies of these animals quickly led to the realization that T1DM is caused by autoreactive T-lymphocytes and revealed that the development of T1DM is controlled by numerous polymorphic genetic elements that are scattered throughout the genome. The development of transgenic and gene-targeting technologies during the 1980s allowed the generation of models of T1DM of reduced genetic and pathogenic complexity, and a more detailed understanding of the immunogenetics of T1DM. In this review, we summarize the contribution of studies in animal models of T1DM to our current understanding of four fundamental aspects of T1DM: (i) the nature of genetic elements affording T1DM susceptibility or resistance; (ii) the mechanisms underlying the development and recruitment of pathogenic autoreactive T-cells; (iii) the identity of islet antigens that contribute to the initiation and/or progression of islet inflammation and beta-cell destruction; and (iv) the design of avenues for therapeutic intervention that are rooted in the knowledge gained from studies of animal models. Development of new animal models will ensure continued progress in these four areas.
HSA queueing (2013)

Presents a collection of slides covering the following topics: HSA (Heterogeneous System Architecture) queueing; shared virtual memory; system cache coherency domain; signalling; user-mode queueing; architected queueing language; dispatch packet; barrier packet; and packet execution.
Identification of Novel Drugs that Target Proteins Causing Neurological Diseases (2011)

Accumulation of pathogenic proteins is a common problem in some neurological diseases. Examples of these proteins include TDP43 in Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, alpha-synuclein in Parkinson’s disease and beta-amyloid protein in Alzheimer’s disease. Clearing these proteins may prove essential in slowing the progression of neurological diseases. We will use cell culture models of neurological diseases to screen a number of novel drugs we have. Cells will be treated with either drugs or control vehicle. Cell lysates will be analyzed by using Western blotting techniques, which include gel electrophoresis to separate proteins based on molecular weight. Once the proteins are separated, they will be transferred to a membrane and visualized by antibodies.\nResults: The relative amount of proteins in the control vehicle treated samples will be compared to drug treated samples in order to determine if any drugs reduce the pathogenic proteins.\nSignificance: Novel drugs identified by above experiments could open new avenues for the development of more effective drugs that clear pathogenic proteins in the brain to cure or delay the progression of neurological diseases.
INTERACTIONS IN PHOSPHOLIPID STABILIZED EMULSION SYSTEM (1999)

Abstract The interaction between a phospholipid stabilized triglyceride emulsion and a hydrophilic silica surface has been studied at varying pH and electrolyte content using ellipsometry. The adsorbed amount decreases with pH and increases with increasing electrolyte content in the emulsion, and this can be rationalized on the basis of the electrostatic interaction between the emulsion droplet and the surface. The layer thickness, however, is essentially independent of these parameters. In addition, the emulsion has been studied during turbulent shear conditions (applied mechanical stress), with the same variation of pH and electrolyte as in the adsorption experiments. A decrease in pH and an increase in electrolyte content, decreasing the repulsive interaction between the droplets, leads to a deterioration in emulsion stability with time.
Cardiorespiratory effects of hemic versus nonhemic prime during and immediately following mitral valve replacement in dogs. (1995)

In order to limit the hemodilution effect during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in low weight animal patients, blood is often used as a component of the prime solution. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of the addition of blood to the prime solution on the hemodynamic and respiratory parameters during and following mitral valve replacement in dogs. Ten dogs were randomly assigned to receive either a hemic (HP), 75% blood component, or a nonhemic prime (NP) solution. The hemodilution was 5 +/- 4% and 25 +/- 10% for the HP and NP groups, respectively. Cardiopulmonary measurements were taken 20 minutes before initiating CPB, during CPB, and 20 min after termination. The hematocrit level, the hemoglobin concentration, and the arterial oxygen content were significantly lower in the NP group during and following CPB. However, the systemic oxygen transport index was not significantly different between the NP group (355 +/- 87 mL/min/m2) and the HP group (546 +/- 155 mL/min/m2) following CPB. Our study indicates that, in normal dogs undergoing hemodilution from a nonhemic prime solution, the cardiovascular function is able to maintain the systemic oxygen transport in the period immediately following mitral valve replacement.