gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Protein from Meat or Vegetable Sources in Meals Matched for Fiber Content has Similar Effects on Subjective Appetite Sensations and Energy Intake—A Randomized Acute Cross-Over Meal Test Study (2018)

Higher-protein meals decrease hunger and increase satiety compared to lower-protein meals. However, no consensus exists about the different effects of animal and vegetable proteins on appetite. We investigated how a meal based on vegetable protein (fava beans/split peas) affected ad libitum energy intake and appetite sensations, compared to macronutrient-balanced, iso-caloric meals based on animal protein (veal/pork or eggs). Thirty-five healthy men were enrolled in this acute cross-over study. On each test day, participants were presented with one of four test meals (~3550 kilojoules (kJ) 19% of energy from protein), based on fava beans/split peas (28.5 g fiber), pork/veal or eggs supplemented with pea fiber to control for fiber content (28.5 g fiber), or eggs without supplementation of fiber (6.0 g fiber). Subjective appetite sensations were recorded at baseline and every half hour until the ad libitum meal three hours later. There were no differences in ad libitum energy intake across test meals (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Further, no differences were found across meals for hunger, satiety, fullness, prospective food consumption, or composite appetite score (all <i>p</i> > 0.05). Iso-caloric, macronutrient-balanced, fiber-matched meals based on vegetable protein (fava beans/split peas) or animal protein (veal/pork or eggs) had similar effects on ad libitum energy intake and appetite sensations.
Practical security in p2p-based social networks (2009)

The peer-to-peer paradigm is used in more and more advanced applications. One of the next areas that promise a success for the p2p paradigm lies in the upcoming trend of social networks. However, several security issues have to be solved in p2p-based social network platforms. We present in this paper a practical solution that establishes a trust infrastructure, enables authenticated and secure communication between users in the social network and provides personalized, fine grained data access control. We implemented our solution in a p2p based platform for social networks and show that the solution is practical and lightweight both in time consumption and traffic overhead.
The Reformatsky Reaction with Benzalaniline (1943)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Reformatsky Reaction with BenzalanilineHenry Gilman and Merrill SpeeterCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1943, 65, 11, 2255–2256Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1943Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1943https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01251a503https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01251a503research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views587Altmetric-Citations126LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Nitrite/Collagen Reaction: Non-Enzymatic Nitration as a Model System for Age-Related Damage (2001)

The effects of age seen in long-lived connective tissue proteins are thought to be the result of post-translational modifications by reactive molecules. One such molecule is the nitrite ion. Human nitrite exposure results predominately from endogenous production of nitric oxide as well as inhalation of cigarette smoke and ingestion of cured meats. Although nitrite reactions with various proteins have been studied previously with regard to carcinogenesis, the specific reaction with collagen and its role in age-related damage has never been examined. We describe the reaction of nitrite with type I collagen at neutral pH and body temperature. The incubation of collagen with nitrite results in an increase in cross-linking, the accumulation of a yellow chromophore, and a depletion of tyrosine residues. Similar changes also are found in aged human collagen. In addition, 3-nitro-tyrosine, which has recently been used as a marker for peroxynitrite mediated damage, is produced from this reaction. Thus, we propose non-enzymatic nitration as an in vitro model system for human collagen age-related damage.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Highly Potent and Effective Antagonist of Retinoic Acid Receptors (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and Characterization of a Highly Potent and Effective Antagonist of Retinoic Acid ReceptorsAlan T. Johnson, Elliott S. Klein, Samuel J. Gillett, Liming Wang, Tae K. Song, Mary E. Pino, and Roshantha A. S. ChandraratnaCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1995, 38, 24, 4764–4767Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00024a003https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00024a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views524Altmetric-Citations71LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
PREVALENCE AND CORRELATES OF SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR AMONG NEW SOLDIERS IN THE U.S. ARMY: RESULTS FROM THE ARMY STUDY TO ASSESS RISK AND RESILIENCE IN SERVICEMEMBERS (ARMY STARRS) (2014)

Lifetime prevalence estimates of suicidal behaviors among new soldiers are consistent with retrospective reports of preenlistment prevalence obtained from soldiers later in their Army careers. Given that prior suicidal behaviors are among the strongest predictors of later suicides, consideration should be given to developing methods of obtaining valid reports of preenlistment suicidality from new soldiers to facilitate targeting of preventive interventions.
Investigation of Helium Ion Induced Damage in Nano-W Using UNU/ICPT Dense Plasma Focus Device (2020)

Tungsten is the first choice for Plasma Facing Components because of their favorable properties such as high melting point, high threshold energy, low threshold shock resistance, resistance to form co-deposits with tritium. However, He irradiation defects on W may lead to Deuterium-Tritium reaction failure in the magnetic fusion reactors. In this work, we investigate the effects of helium ions flux, created by a UNU/ICPT dense plasma focus (DPF) device, on a PLANSEE double forged W and nanostructurized tungsten (nano-W). For the poly-W samples, SEM images showed the extent of surface and subsurface of W damage due to helium flux irradiation. The increase in numbers of hydrogen shots results in micro-cracks and blisters on the sample surface followed by re-solidification of the sputtered and melted surface. Nanostructurization of W has been achieved by exposing the W samples to Argon plasma in the UNU/ICPT DPF device to improve the performance. This results in well-distributed highly dense nanoparticles of ∼ 20–50 nm size. He ions exposed nano-W samples showed micro-cracks and nanopores, instead of blisters and holes. Back scattered imaging of the nano-W provides an indication of He bubbles trapping in the grain boundaries. The nano-W with improved surface and structural properties can be good candidate for plasma-facing materials.
Piezoelectric polymer velocity hydrophone (1983)

In underwater acoustical low frequencies applications, a hydrophone with intrinsic directivity is often needed. Velocity-sensitive hydrophones are not the only devices having this property: so have vector-sensitive devices as displacement, acceleration or gradient-pressure hydrophones. Poled polyvinylidene fluoride (PVF2) bimorphs are suitable for design of velocity hydrophones. Because of its softness and mechanical flexibility, a PVF2 bimorph, associated with an inertial structure, follows water particles movement and so the output current from the hydrophone is proportional to the particle velocity of the incident wave. Moreover, the PVF2 bimorphs manufactured in our laboratories,whose thickness may reach 1 mm, make possible a compromise between two opposite requirements: a high sensitivity which needs a thick polymer, a high mechanical flexibility of the membrane to get the lowest possible resonance frequency, that requires a thin bimorph. The study of a low frequency particle velocity calibration system, made possible the achievement of small lightweight PVF2 velocity hydrophones, showing an intrinsic directivity below 100 Hz.
Dependence of lifetime on magnetic field configuration in a Hall thruster (2012)

A CRDS erosion sensor have been developed instead of a conventional wear test for understanding the erosion dependence on operating condition, magnetic field configuration, wall material, anode configuration. The acceleration channel developed at Kyushu University was made of aluminum, the target of CRDS sensor is aluminum. As a probe laser, a tunable diode laser with external cavity (ECDL) was used to measure the transition line of aluminum at 394.4 nm (Air).
Suboptimal Policies, with Bounds, for Parameter Adaptive Decision Processes (1993)

A parameter adaptive decision process is a sequential decision process where some parameter or parameter set impacting the rewards and/or transitions of the process is not known with certainty. Signals from the performance of the system can be processed by the decision maker as time progresses, yielding information regarding which parameter set is operative. Active learning is an essential feature of these processes, and the decision maker must choose actions that simultaneously guide the system in a preferred direction, as well as yield information that can be used to better prescribe future actions. If the operative parameter set is known with certainty, the parameter adaptive problem reduces to a conventional stochastic dynamic program, which is presumed solvable. Previous authors have shown how to use these solutions to generate suboptimal policies with performance bounds for the parameter adaptive problem. Here it is shown that some desirable characteristics of those bounds are shared by a larger class of functions than those generated from fully observed problems, and that this generalization allows for iterative tightening of the bounds in a manner that preserves those attributes. An example inventory stocking problem demonstrates the technique.
How to reach a common estimate of high dietary micronutrient intakes for safe addition of vitamins and minerals to foods? (2009)

Background: A central element in establishing maximum amount of micronutrients in fortified foods andsupplements is to reach to an agreement on how to estimate high intakes of vitamins and minerals from theEuropean diet.Objective: To examine whether ratios between the 95th percentile and mean intakes of vitamins and mineralsshow similarities across different countries independent of dietary habits and survey methods and if so, tosuggest a simple and pragmatic way to calculate common estimates of high micronutrient intakes from foods.Design: Intake data of selected vitamins and minerals from nine European countries were examined for adultfemales and males and for children aged 410 and 1117 years. The ratios between the 95th percentile andmean intakes were calculated for each micronutrient, country, and age group.Results: The ratios for each micronutrient follow a fairly regular pattern across countries and survey methodswith differences between age groups.The nutrients fall into three categories: nutrients with ratios between 1.45 and 1.58 - energy, magnesium,phosphorus, zinc, iron, vitamin B&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt;, niacin, and folate; nutrients with ratios between 1.67 and 1.79 - calcium,selenium, vitamin E, iodine, and copper; nutrients with ratios between 2.08 and 2.32 - vitamin A, vitamin D,and retinol.Conclusion: Sufficiently precise estimates of high micronutrient intakes across European countries can bereached by multiplying the overall average of ratios (P95/mean intakes) for each micronutrient with thecorresponding mean intakes from all available dietary surveys in Europe. This approach is a simple andpragmatic way to create common European estimates of high micronutrient intakes from foods.
Formation and Repair of DNA-Protein Crosslinks in Newly Replicated DNA (1989)

The production and removal of gamma-radiation-induced DNA-protein crosslinks (DPC) in nuclear matrix-associated newly replicated DNA were examined, as well as the relationship of DPC to DNA replication. In unirradiated, exponentially growing Chinese hamster V79 cells, DNA pulse labeled with [3H]thymidine was observed to be bound preferentially to protein. The pulse-labeled DNA subsequently became dissociated from protein. After a 30- to 60-min chase period, the level of labeled DNA in DPC was reduced to the same level as for bulk DNA. The radiation dose response for the formation of DPC was similar in newly replicated DNA that had been chased for various times and in mature chromatin DNA. Labeled DNA, in the DPC formed after 60 Gy, was rapidly removed from protein during the postirradiation incubation period. However, no recovery of DNA synthesis was observed, even after the majority of DPC were released. Thus either DPC are not the sole cause of the inhibition of DNA synthesis or their removal is not sufficient for DNA synthesis to resume.
Keap1-Mediated Nrf2 Dysfunction as a Source of Oxidative Damage in Human Diabetic Wounds (2018)

Purpose: Despite advancements in disease management and wound therapies, chronic diabetic ulcers represent the leading cause of non-traumatic lower extremity amputations in the United States. The Nrf2 master antioxidant transcription factor has emerged as a promising target for combatting the oxidative stress underlying these wounds. We have previously implicated Keap1-mediated Nrf2 dysfunction in delayed diabetic wound healing, and as a therapeutic target, in mice. However, whether these findings extend to human diabetic wounds remains unknown. Methods: Intact skin (S) and wound tissue (W) was obtained from diabetic (D) and nondiabetic (ND) patients, and analyzed for reactive oxygen species (ROS) end products (8-OhDG DNA assay), and with immunohistochemistry (IHC), qPCR (gene expression), and western blot (protein expression). Student’s t-tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: Both DS and DW contained more than 2-fold ROS end products, respectively, compared to NDS and NDW (2.344 vs. 1.117 ng/mL and 4.648 vs. 1.866 ng/mL, p&amp;lt;0.008). DS and DW exhibited 2-fold and 2.5-fold decreases in epidermal Nrf2 staining, respectively, compared to NS and NW (p&amp;lt;0.001). Keap1-the cytoplasmic Nrf2 repressor-was overexpressed in DW when compared to NDW (p&amp;lt;0.04). DW showed a 75% reduction in nuclear Nrf2 protein expression (p&amp;lt;0.02) as compared to NDW. DW also exhibited a 25% relative reduction in gene expression of MnSOD, a key Nrf2 downstream antioxidant enzyme, and 5-fold decrease in epidermal cytoplasmic MnSOD staining compared to NDW, p&amp;lt;0.03. Conclusion: Here, we implicate Nrf2 dysfunction in impaired redox homeostasis and consequent oxidative damage in both human diabetic skin and diabetic wounds as compared to nondiabetics. We also identify Keap1 as a likely mediator of impaired healing in diabetic wounds. These results recapitulate our previous findings in mice, further validating this critical pathway as a promising target for understanding and treating diabetic wound healing. Disclosure J.A. David: None. A.P. Villarreal-Ponce: None. S.A. Abdou: None. D.L. Sultan: None. W.J. Rifkin: None. J. Kwong: None. P.S. Rabbani: None. D. Ceradini: None.
Propriedades funcionais de hemoglobina e sangue completo em um mamífero aquático, o peixe-boi amazônico (Trichechus inunguis) (1978)

Resumo O hematócrito (43%) e a capacidade de ligação de O (18,8 ml O2 100 ml. sangue) de Trichechus inunguis são baixos ao serem comparados com outros mamíferos mergulhadores, mas são similares aos de mamíferos terrestres. Hb fracionada de peixe-boi é similar a HbA humana na sensitividade a pH, 2,3 — difosfoglicerato e CO2, porém é menos sensitiva à temperatura e tem maior tendência a dissociar-se em dímeros. As notáveis curvas de Hill não exibem cooperatividade à saturação de oxigênio inferior a 30% indicando um estado "T" (ou estado de baixa afinidade) altamente estabilizado; tais curvas de Hill assimétricas ao serem tomadas em conta junto com a cinética bifásica de ligação de O2, poderão indicar heterogeneidade de cadeia. A dependência de pH de ligação de oxigênio pela hemoglobina em estado "T" aparente como visto nas curvas de Hill, é aumentada por 2.3 — difosfoglicerato, porém eliminada por CO2.
Minimizing Radiation Leakage from Microwave Ovens (2008)

In this article, an effective solution to minimize radiation leakage from microwave ovens, a microwave "choke" is discussed. This greatly simplified choke design was recommended to the manufacturer, was built, and was tested for functionality. It exhibited the very low leakage sought to meet health and safety considerations. This choke design was found to be economical to manufacture, very reliable, and very tolerant of the spacing between door and oven chamber. The choke was adopted for oven manufacture since it addressed feasibility, safety issues, and economy. In current microwave ovens, the choke is hidden from view by an opaque plastic strip near the oven cavity periphery. The strip can be easily cleaned to remove food spillage that would inhibit choke effectiveness.
β-Alanine supplementation augments muscle carnosine content and attenuates fatigue during repeated isokinetic contraction bouts in trained sprinters (2007)

Carnosine (β-alanyl-l-histidine) is present in high concentrations in human skeletal muscle. The ingestion of β-alanine, the rate-limiting precursor of carnosine, has been shown to elevate the muscle carnosine content. We aimed to investigate, using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (proton MRS), whether oral supplementation with β-alanine during 4 wk would elevate the calf muscle carnosine content and affect exercise performance in 400-m sprint-trained competitive athletes. Fifteen male athletes participated in a placebo-controlled, double-blind study and were supplemented orally for 4 wk with either 4.8 g/day β-alanine or placebo. Muscle carnosine concentration was quantified in soleus and gastrocnemius by proton MRS. Performance was evaluated by isokinetic testing during five bouts of 30 maximal voluntary knee extensions, by endurance during isometric contraction at 45% maximal voluntary contraction, and by the indoor 400-m running time. β-Alanine supplementation significantly increased the carnosine content in both the soleus (+47%) and gastrocnemius (+37%). In placebo, carnosine remained stable in soleus, while a small and significant increase of +16% occurred in gastrocnemius. Dynamic knee extension torque during the fourth and fifth bout was significantly improved with β-alanine but not with placebo. Isometric endurance and 400-m race time were not affected by treatment. In conclusion, 1) proton MRS can be used to noninvasively quantify human muscle carnosine content; 2) muscle carnosine is increased by oral β-alanine supplementation in sprint-trained athletes; 3) carnosine loading slightly but significantly attenuated fatigue in repeated bouts of exhaustive dynamic contractions; and 4) the increase in muscle carnosine did not improve isometric endurance or 400-m race time.
Control of Triazine-Resistant Kochia (Kochia scoparia) in Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) (1994)

Herbicidal control of triazine-resistant (TR) kochia was evaluated in no-till grain sorghum. Herbicides were applied early preplant (EPP) or POST. In EPP experiments, herbicides plus nonionic surfactant at 0.25% v/v were applied 7, 2, or 0 wk before planting (WBP). Fluorochloridone at 0.8 kg ai/ha applied 7 or 2 WBP, pyridate at 1.0 kg ai/ha applied 2 WBP, and paraquat at 0.4 kg ai/ha applied 0 WBP controlled 94 to 99% of TR kochia; a prepackaged mixture of glyphosate plus 2,4-D at 0.3 plus 0.6 kg ae/ha and paraquat at 0.4 kg/ha applied 7 or 2 WBP controlled 71 to 82% of TR kochia; and 2,4-D ester at 0.6 kg ae/ha applied 2 WBP controlled 75% of TR kochia. Linuron at 0.8 kg ai/ha and atrazine at 2.2 kg ai/ha were ineffective. In the POST herbicide experiments, where paraquat plus metolachlor at 0.6 plus 1.7 kg ai/ha were applied 17 d before planting, various combinations and rates of bentazon plus atrazine, bromoxynil, and dicamba with adjuvants provided good control of TR kochia that was less than 8 cm tall.
Environmental Fatigue Behaviors of SA508 Gr.1a Low Alloy Steel in 310°C Deoxygenated Water (2007)

The low cycle fatigue tests of SA508 Gr.1a low alloy steel were carried out to investigate the fatigue crack growth mechanisms in high temperature water. The fatigue life in 310oC deoxygenated water was shorter than that in air. Furthermore, the reduction in the fatigue life in 310oC deoxygenated water was enhanced with a decreasing strain rate, from 0.4 to 0.008 %/s. The ductile striations with the streamed down features, which may indicate the occurrence of the metal dissolution, were mainly observed at the strain rate of 0.008 %/s. And the flat facets and the brittle cracks, which may be evidences for the HIC, were primarily observed in the strain rate range from 0.04 to 0.4 %/s. From the analysis of microstructure, it is thought that the HIC contribute dominantly to the reduction in the fatigue life in the strain rate range from 0.04 to 0.4 %/s and the metal dissolution is mainly responsible for the reduction in the fatigue life at the strain rate of 0.008 %/s.