gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exploring the role of sulfonylureas in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. (1997)

For the last 30 years, sulfonylureas have been the mainstay of treatment for patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). They offered patients an alternative to using insulin to lower their blood glucose. One of the advantages of these agents was that they could be taken orally as opposed to insulin, which required multiple daily injections. In addition, they are tolerable, with few side effects, and they cause less hypoglycemia than does insulin. In the past year, new agents (metformin and acarbose) have been introduced into the market and have offered practitioners an alternative to the traditional sulfonylureas. The sulfonylureas are still valuable agents in the treatment of NIDDM. Their efficacy is unsurpassed by any other oral medications. They possess the best tolerability profile of all oral agents on the market, and they possess very few contraindications or drug interactions. The sulfonylureas should still be considered first-line agents for NIDDM. Metformin and acarbose are agents that may benefit a specific patient population, but sulfonylureas are agents that can benefit most patients.
Application of Metallic Gaskets in SOFC Stacks (2001)

Metallic gaskets provide interesting sealing potential for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). The influence of contact load and internal pressure on the deformation behavior of various metallic gaskets, different in shape and fabricated from different alloys is described.
Effect of polymorphisms in XRCC1, CCND1 and GSTM1 and tobacco exposure as risk modifier for oral leukoplakia (2009)

Analysis of gene-environment interactions may help to define the risk of oral leukoplakia. We hypothesized that an individual's susceptibility to leukoplakia is dependent on interactions between polymorphic genotypes at susceptible loci and tobacco exposure. To test this hypothesis, the relationship between tobacco use and polymorphisms in 3 genes that might contribute to variance in individuals' susceptibility to the risk of leukoplakia was determined. In this case-control study, polymorphic genotypes in XRCC1 (399Gln), a DNA repair gene involved in removing DNA adducts, CCND1 (G870A), a key component of cell cycle regulation, and GSTM1 (null genotype), a xenobiotic-metabolizing enzyme involved in the metabolism of tobacco carcinogens, were analyzed in 100 oral leukoplakia patients and age- and gender-matched controls by PCR using genomic DNA isolated from blood. The GSTM1 null genotype was associated with a 1.6-fold increased risk of developing leukoplakia. The risk conferred by the CCND1 GA+AA variant was 2.4-fold that of the GG genotype. Importantly, among non-users of tobacco, the XRCC1 (GA+AA) variant emerged as the most significant determinant of an individual's susceptibility to leukoplakia (OR=3.5). In GSTM1 null individuals, tobacco consumption increased the risk of leukoplakia 21.3-fold. Similarly, XRCC1 A allele carriers and CCND1 A allele carriers who consumed tobacco were at a significantly high risk of developing leukoplakia (OR=11.8 and 14.9, respectively). Our study provides evidence that tobacco use in individuals harboring these polymorphic genotypes elevates the risk of oral leukoplakia and warrants further studies on gene-environment interactions to define the risk of malignant transformation of leukoplakia.
Aggregation-induced emission of luminol: a novel strategy for fluorescence ratiometric detection of ALP and As(v) with high sensitivity and selectivity (2018)

A novel dual-emission fluorescence ratiometric probe of luminol-Tb-GMP CPNPs for highly sensitive and selective detection of ALP and As(v) has been constructed based on the stimulus responsivity of luminol. The introduction of luminol as a ligand for Tb<sup>3+</sup>, combined with GMP, leads to a sensor which is more robust, sensitive, and efficient.
Ethics in the virtual world (2007)

Purpose The purpose of this viewpoint paper is to provide an overview of three papers included in a Special Issue of the Journal of Information Communication Ethics and Society , entitled Ethics in the Virtual World. Design/methodology/approach The papers were chosen because they reflect three key themes in computing, ethics and society. These are: the explosion in the number of opportunities for accessing sensitive data in the health sector; the risks inherent in designing information systems through technical procedures that fail to address the human character of the environments they are intended to serve; and the need to teach computing ethics to students of computing. All three articles draw on philosophical approaches to ethics and well as technical aspects of system use, system design and pedagogy, respectively. Findings The papers demonstrate the interdisciplinary nature of computing ethics and the contested political issues at stake in using and designing information systems. Originality/value This editorial viewpoint paper presents the hypothesis that the ethical issues once embodied in socio‐technical systems theory have a particular salience for the contemporary ethical debates concerning computing ethics.
Predicting Diabetes: Clinical, Biological, and Genetic Approaches (2008)

The best clinical predictor of diabetes is adiposity, and baseline glucose is the best biological predictor. Clinical and biological predictors differed marginally between men and women. The genetic polymorphisms added little to the prediction of diabetes.
Corrigendum: Plastome Evolution and Phylogeny of Orchidaceae, With 24 New Sequences (2020)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00022.].
Tetrakis(acetonitrile)copper(I) Hexafluorophosphate as an Efficient Catalyst for the Synthesis of Triazolo[1,2-a]indazole-1,3,8-trione and 2Hindazolo[2,1-b]phthalazine-trione Derivatives (2012)

Tetrakis(acetonitrile)copper(I) hexafluorophosphate, [Cu(CH3CN)4]PF6, was explored as an efficient catalyst to promote the three-component reaction of aryl aldehydes, dimedone and urazole or phthalhydrazide to afford the corresponding triazolo[1,2-a]indazole-1,3,8-trione and 2H-indazolo[2,1-b]phthalazine-trione derivatives respectively in high yields. The reactions were conducted at 80-100 °C under solvent-free conditions. The catalyst was easily prepared from available and inexpensive materials and was quantitatively recovered from the reaction by simple filtration and reused for a number of cycles with almost consistent activity Keywords: 2H-Indazolo[2, 1-b]phthalazine-trione, dimedone, phthalhydrazide, tetrakis(acetonitrile)copper(I)hexafluorophosphate, triazolo[1, 2-a]indazole-1, 3, 8-trione, urazole, phthalazine, pyrazoles, multi-component, vasorelaxant
Intramolecular controls for the generation of clinical‐quality SNP genotypes and the assessment of normal heterozygote imbalance (2006)

We present an inventive method that generates intramolecular controls for SNP analysis, termed Mirror SNPs. Using the ovine diseases of callipyge and scrapie as examples, we describe the PCR-driven production of balanced heterozygote copies of the various SNPs implicated in these diseases. In the absence of a callipyge-positive control DNA, we generated a balanced heterozygote Mirror SNP that represents both the wild-type and mutant forms of the causal polymorphism. Simultaneous analysis of this artificial Mirror SNP and the Real (target) SNP was used to prove the absence of the mutant form of the nucleotide at the Real SNP position in tested samples. Scrapie susceptibility was assessed using a PCR-driven system which generated four separate Mirror SNPs, and these enabled the confirmation of an apparent departure from 'balanced' heterozygote appearance at Real SNPs tested. Mirror SNP technology is generic and will enable the accurate assessment of rare and medically important SNP variants, more accurate frequency determinations, and the potential assessment of SNPs in 'mixed template' samples common in forensic analyses.
Riometer Observation In Geomagnetic Hole In South Atlantic Anomaly Region (2009)

The geomagnetic field intensity is especially weak&lt;br&gt;in the southern part of Lateen America. Since the&lt;br&gt;geomagnetic field is so weak that high energetic particles&lt;br&gt;are easily precipitating in this region. We named this&lt;br&gt;weak geomagnetic field region as Geomagnetic Hole,&lt;br&gt;where energetic particles are directly precipitating from&lt;br&gt;the radiation belt In order to examine the precipitating&lt;br&gt;phenomena in Geomagnetic Hole, we installed 1ch&lt;br&gt;riometer, 4×4 imaging riometer(IRIS) and also&lt;br&gt;polarization rioemeter at Southern Space observatory&lt;br&gt;(SSO) in Brazil, Concepcion and Puntarenas in Chile and&lt;br&gt;Trelew in Argentina. We also installed similar kinds of&lt;br&gt;riometer at Kakioka in Japan for the comparison of&lt;br&gt;Geomagnetic Hole CNA phenomena.
Role of Proton Pump Inhibitor on Esophageal Carcinogenesis and Pancreatic Acinar Cell Metaplasia Development: An Experimental In Vivo Study (2014)

Chronic gastro-duodenal reflux in the esophagus is a major risk for intestinal metaplasia and Barrett's adenocarcinoma. A role for chronic use of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) in the increased incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma in Western countries has been previously suggested. The aim of this work was to study the effect of chronic administration of omeprazole (a proton pump inhibitor) per os in a model of reflux induced esophageal carcinogenesis. One week after esophago-gastro-jejunostomy, 115 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to receive 10 mg/Kg per day of omeprazole or placebo, 5 days per week. The esophago-gastric specimens were collected 28 ± 2 weeks after randomization and analyzed in a blinded fashion. Mortality and esophageal metaplasia rates did not differ between the two groups (p = 0.99 for mortality, p = 0.36 for intestinal metaplasia and p = 0.66 for multi-layered epithelium). Gastric pancreatic acinar cell metaplasia (PACM) was more frequently observed in PPI-treated rats (p = 0.003). Severe ulcer lesions significantly prevailed in the placebo group (p = 0.03). Locally invasive esophageal epithelial neoplasia were observed in 23/39 PPI-treated versus 14/42 placebo-animals (p = 0.03). In conclusion, chronic omeprazole treatment improved the healing of esophageal ulcerative lesions. Locally invasive neoplastic lesions and PACM prevailed among PPI-treated animals. However, neither an effect on the overall mortality nor on the incidence of pre-neoplastic lesions was observed in this work.
DISCRETE TRANSFORMS, SEMIDEFINITE PROGRAMMING, AND SUM-OF-SQUARES REPRESENTATIONS (2006)

We present a new semidefinite programming formulation of sum-of-squares repre- sentations of nonnegative polynomials, cosine polynomials, and trigonometric polynomials of one variable. The parametrization is based on discrete transforms (specifically, the discrete Fourier, co- sine, and polynomial transforms) and has a simple structure that can be exploited by straightforward modifications of standard interior-point algorithms.
Systemic Allergic Reactions to Corticosteroids (1991)

Allergic anaphylactic (type I) reactions to corticosteroid medications are uncommon; however, a number of well-documented cases have been reported. We present a review of the literature, and report on two patients who suffered anaphylaxis after injections of corticosteroids. The first patient, a registered nurse, was finally found to be sensitive to all corticosteroid preparations containing carboxymethylcellulose, as well as the pure carboxymethylcellulose. The second patient had positive skin tests to hydrocortisone, hydrocortisone sodium succinate, methylprednisolone sodium succinate, and suxamethonium. Both patients were tested on two occasions; four normal subjects were tested in parallel, and did not elicit any positive skin reaction. In patients with systemic severe reactions to injectable corticosteroids, we recommend careful and comprehensive skin testing with most available corticosteroids, as well as the components of the injectables.
CrossLight: A Cross-Layer Optimized Silicon Photonic Neural Network\n Accelerator (2021)

Domain-specific neural network accelerators have seen growing interest in\nrecent years due to their improved energy efficiency and inference performance\ncompared to CPUs and GPUs. In this paper, we propose a novel cross-layer\noptimized neural network accelerator called CrossLight that leverages silicon\nphotonics. CrossLight includes device-level engineering for resilience to\nprocess variations and thermal crosstalk, circuit-level tuning enhancements for\ninference latency reduction, and architecture-level optimization to enable\nhigher resolution, better energy-efficiency, and improved throughput. On\naverage, CrossLight offers 9.5x lower energy-per-bit and 15.9x higher\nperformance-per-watt at 16-bit resolution than state-of-the-art photonic deep\nlearning accelerators.\n
Brain Waste Removal System and Sleep: Photobiomodulation as an Innovative Strategy for Night Therapy of Brain Diseases (2023)

Emerging evidence suggests that an important function of the sleeping brain is the removal of wastes and toxins from the central nervous system (CNS) due to the activation of the brain waste removal system (BWRS). The meningeal lymphatic vessels (MLVs) are an important part of the BWRS. A decrease in MLV function is associated with Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, intracranial hemorrhages, brain tumors and trauma. Since the BWRS is activated during sleep, a new idea is now being actively discussed in the scientific community: night stimulation of the BWRS might be an innovative and promising strategy for neurorehabilitation medicine. This review highlights new trends in photobiomodulation of the BWRS/MLVs during deep sleep as a breakthrough technology for the effective removal of wastes and unnecessary compounds from the brain in order to increase the neuroprotection of the CNS as well as to prevent or delay various brain diseases.
An Integrated DFM System for Milling (1997)

Abstract An integrated design for manufacture system for milling is developed by introducing a fundamental manufacturing entity for milling (FMEM), which represents a volume to be machined. A part is created by subtracting a user created set of FMEMs from a rectangular prismatic stock. Manufacturability evaluation is done in two stages: (1) after creating each FMEM; and (2) after placing and subtracting the volume from the stock. It is shown that the commonly used 2½ -D features used to mill a part such as slots, pockets and holes are a subset of the FMEM. Furthermore, all specific shapes of the general FMEM are represented by one compact data structure. It is demonstrated that using process specific entities greatly simplifies manufacturability evaluation, which makes it possible to base the geometric reasoning algorithms on the entity’s most general profile rather than on only a set of specific shapes. A new approach using the FMEMs is presented for generating an integrated process and fixture plan with a minimum number of setup and tool changes. The advantages of using the process specific entities approach for design and manufacturability analysis over the feature recognition approach and feature based approach are enumerated.
A Hybrid AlGaInAs–Silicon Evanescent Amplifier (2007)

We report a hybrid AlGaInAs-silicon evanescent amplifier incorporating a silicon waveguide with a III-V gain medium. The optical mode of the hybrid amplifier is mostly confined to the silicon waveguide and evanescently coupled to the AlGaInAs quantum-well (QW) region where optical gain is provided by electrical current injection. These two different material systems are bonded by low-temperature oxygen plasma assisted wafer bonding at 300 degC. The fabricated device shows 13 dB of maximum chip gain with 11 dBm of output saturation power. Evanescent coupling allows a lower active region confinement factor to provide a higher saturation output power than amplifiers with centered QWs, which is important for applications that require linear amplification
Bifacial Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells with submicron absorber thickness: back-contact passivation and light management (2015)

For bifacial Cu(In,Ga)Se <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> solar cells with submicron absorber thickness, an Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> -layer deposited by a simple, self-organized spray-pyrolysis process onto the transparent SnO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> :F back-contact is used to increase open circuit voltage and thereby increase power conversion efficiency, especially for rear-illumination, indicating reduced charge carrier back-contact recombination. On non-passivated SnO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> :F, a thin (10nm) Mo-layer improved the electrical back-contact properties, while on Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> -passivated SnO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> :F, the solar cell performance was higher without Mo-modification. However, even with Mo-modification, the solar cell performance increased for Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> -passivated compared to non-passivated back-contacts demonstrating the benefit of the Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> -layer for bifacial solar cells with submicron Cu(In,Ga)Se <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> absorber layers.
Study on the Conformation of Entrapped Protein inside the Reverse Micellar Confinement Based on the Amino Acid Derived Ionic Liquid (2018)

Abstract Owing to superior surface‐activity and versatility in functionalization compared to conventional surfactants, surface‐active ionic liquids (SAILs) gained immense interest in recent years. Toxicity and biodegradation remain central issues while dealing with the SAILs and thus, the quest for synthesis of greener SAILs is increasing day by day. Keeping in view of the importance of SAIL's performance, we undertook the present study for the formulation of reverse micelles (RMs) using biodegradable L‐proline propyl ester lauryl sulfate ([ProC 3 ][LS]) in cyclohexane (Cy). The formation of RMs was confirmed from the phase behavior and dynamic light scattering (DLS) studies. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) study revealed the solvation of anionic head group through H‐bonding by added water. An increased micropolarity and reduced microviscosity were evidenced inside the RM droplets as a function of hydration level. Finally, the encapsulation of BSA protein in RMs was investigated through the fluorescence, circular dichroism and DLS studies, which showed conformation with higher degree of secondary structural content than the native state inside the droplet core at higher hydration. Our results signify the importance of the role of hydration in the function of enzyme or protein molecules in molecular crowding environments. These facts certainly prove the versatility of this kind of organized assemblies to alter their inherent properties simply by changing water content.
Calibration of a Wearable Glucose Sensor (1992)

Calibration of glucose sensors proved difficult for electrodes with immobilized glucose-oxidase. The correlation between the sensitivity of the electrodes in vitro and in vivo appeared to be poor. We developed a new type of glucose sensor, based on a microdialysis system, in which an oxygen electrode is used as detector outside the body and the enzyme glucose-oxidase dissolved in water is used as a dynamic selector. The enzyme solution is pumped through a hollow fiber placed subcutaneously, before the fluid passes the detector. The glucose sensor was tested in the subcutaneous abdominal tissue of 12 healthy volunteers and 12 type I diabetic patients. Blood glucose was clamped at two levels to permit a two-point calibration of the sensor in vivo. These values correlated well with the in vitro calibration factors (r = 0.949). In subcutaneous tissue the sensor measures 43 +/- 9% of the blood glucose value, using the in vitro calibration factor. No differences were detected between healthy volunteers and diabetic patients.
Quadrature-Induced Noise in Coriolis Vibratory Gyroscopes (2020)

In this paper, we present a model for noise performance estimation of Coriolis Vibratory Gyroscopes (CVG) in the presence of quadrature coupling. Analytical equations based on a low-order averaged model of a CVG were derived and used for numerical simulation of the Zero-Rate Output (ZRO) in the open-loop angular rate mode of operation. We demonstrated that as a result of the quadrature coupling and noise in the drive oscillation frequency, Quadrature Noise (QN) is introduced to the gyroscope output. For example, in the case of a Dual Foucault Pendulum (DFP) gyroscope with a frequency split on the order of 0.48 Hz, the QN was shown to have an experimentally measured Angle Random Walk (ARW) on the order of 0.39 (deg/√hr), which was orders of magnitude higher than a theoretical ARW of 0.0024 (deg/√hr) predicted by the Mechanical-Thermal Noise (MTN) model. This observed discrepancy was a motivation for the development of the model. A good agreement between the noise characteristics of the experimentally measured ZRO and a numerically simulated ZRO was observed, when accounting for the quadrature coupling. We concluded that the quadratureinduced noise is a major factor limiting the performance of high quality factor gyroscopes in nearly mode-matched conditions. This paper presents an analytical model for the noise estimation, which was supported experimentally.
Myeloid dendritic cells with elevated CD1c expression in non-infectious uveitis patients exhibited mature phenotype through the regulation of TNFa-p38 MAPK pathway (HUM1P.273) (2015)

Abstract Our longitudinal data has shown that the level of CD1c+ myeloid dendritic cells 1 (mDC1) from peripheral blood reflects disease activity in autoimmune non-infectious uveitis patients. However, the role of CD1c+ mDC1 is not clear in autoimmune uveitis patients. Here, we demonstrate that the mDC1 in patients with non-infectious uveitis (n=74) was increased compared to age and gender-matched healthy controls (n=96). The increased CD1c+ mDC1 exhibited high HLADR expression and less antigen uptake. CD1c+ mDC1 were further divided into two subpopulations based on the level of CD1c expression. CD1chi mDC1 subpopulation showed less antigen uptake and higher HLADR expression compared to CD1clo mDC1 subpopulation. Importantly, the CD1chi mDC1 subpopulation was significantly increased in uveitis patients. By utilizing monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs) for in vitro studies, MoDCs with less antigen uptake and higher levels of CD1c induced more CD4+ T helper cell activation and proliferation. TNFa, increased in uveitis patient sera, reduced the antigen uptake in a dose-dependent manner and increased the phosphorylated p38 expression on MoDCs. A p38 inhibitor significantly inhibited the expression of CD1c during dendritic cell differentiation from monocytes. In conclusion, CD1c is a maturation marker of mDC1, increased in uveitis patients and correlated with disease activity. The high CD1c expression and low antigen uptake are mediated by the TNFa-activated p38 MAPK pathway.