gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Seaweed-derived polymeric materials for multiapplications including marine algal cultivation (2015)

This study described the preparation of phycocolloids based polymeric materials for multiapplications including seaweed cultivation in open sea water conditions<italic>via</italic>grafting reaction of phycocolloids with vinyl acetate (VAc).
Nanoimprinted nanopillar array chip for procalcitonin detection(Conference Presentation) (2016)

Procalcitonin (PCT) is an early and highly specific biomarker in response to bacterial infection. The PCT-guided antibiotic therapy has demonstrated to be more efficient than standard therapy to reduce in antibiotic use without adverse outcome in mortality. The PCT detection in clinics is required to be highly sensitive with a sensitivity of 0.5 ng/ml. At present, the technologies for PCT detection are limited. This paper reported a highly sensitive nanoimprinted gold nanopillar array chip for PCT detection. To achieve high sensitivity for PCT detection, the gold nanopillar array sensing chip was designed by plasmonic simulation and fabricated by high fidelity nanoimprinting technology. The gold nanopillars of 140 nm were nanoimprinted on glass substrate. A robust sandwich bioassay of capture antibody /PCT / quantum dot (QD) conjugated detection antibody was established on the gold nanopillar array chip to detect PCT. The nanopillars serve as localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) generators to enhance the fluorescent emission from QD. A limit of detection (LOD) of 0.5 ng/ml was achieved for PCT detection. This is the first time that PCT is detected with such high sensitivity by LSPR enhanced QD emission. By considering the low-cost, high sensitivity of the bioassay, as well as the inexpensive mass fabrication of the high quality chips, this novel nanoimprinted gold nanopillar array chip is particularly useful for developing a point-of-care system for PCT detection.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Carbolithiation Reactions of Chiral α‐Amino‐organolithium Species. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Clinical Drug Interactions Due to Metabolic Inhibition: Prediction, Assessment, and Interpretation (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Classification of Drug Interactions Predictability of Drug Interactions Consequences of Drug Interactions Comment References
Multi-stakeholder Colloquium – Opportunities and Challenges in Multiple Sclerosis Management (2016)

In Europe, despite recent therapeutic advances, there are many deficiencies in the management of multiple sclerosis (MS). Diagnostic and monitoring measures, guidelines, development of new treatments and best practice care are often suboptimal. These shortcomings were discussed at two MS multi-stakeholder colloquia that were convened in Brussels, Belgium in May 2014 and May 2015, and gathered experts from a range of different specialities to identify the key issues and propose means of tackling them. After considering all the testimony and discussion, the organising committee drew up a list of 10 calls to action, which included: increase awareness and understanding in the EU about the burden of MS; obtain better insights into the direct and indirect cost burden of MS; (re)define treatment goals and clinical study endpoints; develop new tools to better capture the total clinical burden of MS; develop a protocol to standardise magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); develop biomarkers of treatment response prediction and disability progression; integrate drug licensing and cost-effectiveness decision-making processes; develop separate European Medicines Agency guidelines for evaluating follow-on products of non-biological complex drugs and biologicals; implement a set of evidence-based standards of care and incentives to support people with MS to remain physically and mentally active. Addressing these ambitious calls to action requires cooperation from various health bodies and governments and some will require additional funding, but they are achievable and worthwhile. They would help minimise disease impact and would reduce disease progression and the consequent burden on people with MS, their caregivers, and on health budgets. These calls to action set out a strategy for future MS management and should be acted upon with urgency.
Micromachining of bulk glass with bursts of femtosecond laser pulses at variable repetition rates (2006)

Oscillator-only femtosecond laser micromachining enables the manufacturing of integrated optical components with circular transverse profiles in transparent materials. The circular profile is due to diffusion of heat accumulating at the focus. We control the heat diffusion by focusing bursts of femtosecond laser pulses at various repetition rates into sodalime glass. We investigate the effect the repetition rate and number of pulses on the size of the resulting structures. We identify the combinations of burst repetition rate and number of pulses within a burst for which accumulation of heat occurs. The threshold for heat accumulation depends on the number of pulses within a burst. The burst repetition rate and the number of pulses within a burst provide convenient control of the morphology of structures generated with high repetition rate femtosecond micromachining.
Pulsed ESR Dipolar Spectroscopy for Distance Measurements in Immobilized Spin Labeled Proteins in Liquid Solution (2012)

Pulsed electron spin resonance (ESR) dipolar spectroscopy (PDS) in combination with site-directed spin labeling is unique in providing nanometer-range distances and distributions in biological systems. To date, most of the pulsed ESR techniques require frozen solutions at cryogenic temperatures to reduce the rapid electron spin relaxation rate and to prevent averaging of electron-electron dipolar interaction due to the rapid molecular tumbling. To enable measurements in liquid solution, we are exploring a triarylmethyl (TAM)-based spin label with a relatively long relaxation time where the protein is immobilized by attachment to a solid support. In this preliminary study, TAM radicals were attached via disulfide linkages to substituted cysteine residues at positions 65 and 80 or 65 and 76 in T4 lysozyme immobilized on Sepharose. Interspin distances determined using double quantum coherence (DQC) in solution are close to those expected from models, and the narrow distance distribution in each case indicates that the TAM-based spin label is relatively localized.
ChemInform Abstract: Observations Regarding δ‐ and ε‐Cyano Radical Cyclizations. (1986)

Abstract Reaktion des ö‐Iodnitrils (Ia) mit Tributylzinnhydrid (II) führt ausschließlich zum enthalogenierten Produkt (Ib).
Rufinamide: A Novel Broad-Spectrum Antiepileptic Drug (2010)

The last 20 years have witnessed a tremendous explosion in the number of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) as well as the introduction of AEDS developed for specific epilepsy syndromes. The study of the efficacy and side effect profile of AEDs for unique epilepsy syndromes has allowed neurologists to utilize evidence-based medicine when treating patients. In late 2008, the Food and Drug Administration approved rufinamide for adjunctive use in the treatment of seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. This unique chemical compound is also the first new AED to reach the market in the United States having a pediatric indication prior to approval for adults. Rufinamide appears to have a broad spectrum of efficacy, is well tolerated, and may be rapidly initiated--properties that will likely extend its use outside of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.
Estimating Plant N Staus from Leaf and Canopy Reflectance Data (1996)

Numerous reports have shown that total biomass and grain yields of corn and wheat are correlated to concentrations of leaf N and leaf chlorophyll. Because leaf reflectance is related to chlorophyll concentration, it follows that leaf reflectance is also correlated to biomass and grain yield. Chlorophyll meters use the relationship between leaf reflectance and leaf chlorophyll to assess relative leaf chlorophyll concentration and infer plant N status. However, there is a need for rapid, non-contact methods of assessing crop N status across fields. The reflectance of plant canopies is more complex than the reflectance of a collection of leaves. It is affected by 1) the reflectance and transmittance of the scene elements (leaves, stems, soil), 2) the amount and distribution of the scene elements, 3) the view and illuminations angles, and 4) the atmospheric path. We used canopy reflectance model (SAIL) to simulate canopy reflectance for a wide range of leaf chlorophyll concentrations and view and illuminations conditions. Model results were compared to measured data. We will discuss the feasibility of remotely monitoring N status of crop canopies.
Invariant NKT Cells in Hyperplastic Skin Induce a Local Immune Suppressive Environment by IFN-γ Production (2009)

NKT cells can promote or inhibit adaptive immune responses. Cutaneous immunity is tightly regulated by cooperation between innate and adaptive immune processes, but the role of NKT cells in regulating cutaneous immunity is largely unknown. In this study, we show, in a mouse model, that skin-infiltrating CD1d-restricted NKT cells in HPV16-E7 transgenic hyperplastic skin produce IFN-gamma, which can prevent rejection of HPV16-E7-expressing skin grafts. Suppression of graft rejection is associated with the accumulation of CD1d(hi)-expressing CD11c(+)F4/80(hi) myeloid cells in hyperplastic skin. Blockade of CD1d, removal of NKT cells, or local inhibition of IFN-gamma signaling is sufficient to restore immune-mediated graft rejection. Thus, inhibition of NKT cell recruitment or function may enable effective immunity against tumor and viral Ags expressed in epithelial cells.
Follistatin mediates learning and synaptic plasticity via regulation of Asic4 expression in the hippocampus (2021)

The biological mechanisms underpinning learning are unclear. Mounting evidence has suggested that adult hippocampal neurogenesis is involved although a causal relationship has not been well defined. Here, using high-resolution genetic mapping of adult neurogenesis, combined with sequencing information, we identify follistatin (<i>Fst</i>) and demonstrate its involvement in learning and adult neurogenesis. We confirmed that brain-specific <i>Fst</i> knockout (KO) mice exhibited decreased hippocampal neurogenesis and demonstrated that FST is critical for learning. <i>Fst</i> KO mice exhibit deficits in spatial learning, working memory, and long-term potentiation (LTP). In contrast, hippocampal overexpression of <i>Fst</i> in KO mice reversed these impairments. By utilizing RNA sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation, we identified <i>Asic4</i> as a target gene regulated by FST and show that <i>Asic4</i> plays a critical role in learning deficits caused by <i>Fst</i> deletion. Long-term overexpression of hippocampal <i>Fst</i> in C57BL/6 wild-type mice alleviates age-related decline in cognition, neurogenesis, and LTP. Collectively, our study reveals the functions for FST in adult neurogenesis and learning behaviors.
Hsp90 Orchestrates Stress Response Signaling Governing Fungal Drug Resistance (2009)

The emergence of drug resistance in microbial pathogens provides a poignant example of an evolutionary process with a profound impact on human health. Fungal drug resistance poses a particular concern given the limited number of clinically useful antifungal drugs and the growing population of immunocompromised individuals vulnerable to life-threatening fungal disease The efficacy of most antifungal drugs is compromised either by host toxicity, fungistatic rather than fungicidal activity, or by the emergence of drug resistance. Recent studies have revealed that compromising the function of the molecular chaperone Hsp90 can render resistant pathogens more responsive to treatment and can thwart the evolution of fungal drug resistance
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Novel Haloazide Equivalents by Iodine(III)‐Promoted Oxidation of Halide Anions. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Health properties of lycopersicum esculentum (2021)

The tomato, Lycopersicum esculentum, is a horticultural plant belonging to the Solanaceae family. In Italy, the term "tomato" is found for the first time in the famous "Herbarius" by Pietro Mattioli. The etymology of the name leads back to the Latin "pomum aureus", apple or golden apple. Unlike in other languages, such as English, the term "tomato" is linked to the etymology of the Aztec version "Xitotomate". The origin of the tomato plant seems to be South America, in particular Chile and Ecuador, where it grows as a wild plant due to the tropical climate and is able to bear fruit throughout the year, while in European regions, if cultivated in 'open, has a seasonal cycle limited to the summer period. From here, it later spread to Central America and it was the Spaniards who made it known in Europe in the 16th century.&#13;\nThe cultivation of the tomato plant was already widespread in the pre-Columbian age, when it was used as an ornamental plant and was not used in the kitchen: this is because the tomato was considered poisonous due to its high content in solanine, a substance considered harmful for the 'man. In 1544, the Italian herbalist Pietro Mattioli classified the tomato plant among the poisonous species. It is not clear when the tomato, as an ornamental and poisonous plant, was considered edible by Europeans; it should be noted that not even the inhabitants of South America ate the fruits of the plant. From Europe, or perhaps more precisely from Spain, the tomato plant landed in Morocco, where it found an ideal climate, and from there it spread throughout the Mediterranean basin. Starting from the seventeenth century, in southern Europe, as well as in Bohemia and England, the tomato began to be used fresh and for the preparation of sauces, while its diffusion as a food in northern Europe encountered many difficulties, perhaps due to the presence of other similar wild plants which, due to their high alkaloid content, were not suitable for food consumption.&#13;\nOnly at the end of the 18th century, the cultivation of tomatoes for food purposes experienced a strong boost in Europe, mainly in France and Southern Italy. Starting from the 19th century, the tomato was finally included in European gastronomic treaties, favoring a conspicuous diffusion both on the tables of the richest and those of the less well-off.
A type I interferon autocrine–paracrine loop is involved in Toll-like receptor-induced interleukin-12p70 secretion by dendritic cells (2005)

Dendritic cells (DC) produce interleukin-12 (IL-12) in response to Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation. Two major TLR signaling pathways participate in the response to pathogens: the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB)-dependent pathway leading to inflammatory cytokine secretion including IL-12 and the interferon (IFN)-dependent pathway inducing type I IFN and IFN-regulated genes. Here we show that the two pathways cooperate and are likely both necessary for inducing an optimal response to pathogens. R-848/Resiquimod (TLR7 ligand in the mouse and TLR7/8 ligand in human) synergized with poly(I:C) (TLR3 ligand) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS; TLR4 ligand) in inducing high levels of bioactive IL-12p70 secretion and IFN-beta mRNA accumulation by mouse bone marrow-derived DC (BM-DC). Strikingly, IL-12p70 but not IL-12p40 secretion was strongly reduced in BM-DC from STAT1(-/-) and IFNAR(-/-) mice. STAT1 tyrosine-phosphorylation, IL-12p35, and IFN-beta mRNA accumulation were strongly inhibited in IFNAR(-/-) BM-DC activated with the TLR ligand combinations. Similar observation were obtained in human TLR8-expressing monocyte-derived DC (moDC) using neutralizing anti-IFNAR2 antibodies, although results also pointed to a possible involvement of IFN-lambda1 (also known as IL-29). This suggests that TLR engagement on DC induces endogenous IFNs that further synergize with the NF-kappaB pathway for optimal IL-12p70 secretion. Moreover, analysis of interferon regulatory factors (IRF) regulation in moDC suggests a role for IRF7/8 in mediating IRF3-independent type I IFN and possibly IL-12p35 synthesis in response to TLR7/8.
In VitroandIn VivoEfficacy of YTR-830H and Piperacillin Combinations Versus β-Lactamase-Producing Bacteria (1989)

YTR-830H, a beta-lactamase inhibitor, is a non-amino penicillanic sulfone. In vitro synergistic activity with piperacillin was determined for 226 beta-lactamase producing clinical cultures. Combination of piperacillin: YTR in ratios of 2:1, 4:1, and 8:1 were highly effective vs Escherichia coli, Proteus, Providencia, Morganella, Staphylococcus, and Bacteroides. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of piperacillin were reduced from the resistant to susceptible range. The higher ratios were less effective vs Enterobacter, Serratia, and Citrobacter. YTR-830H was not antagonistic with piperacillin. Combinations of 2:1, 4:1, and 8:1 increased the therapeutic effectiveness of piperacillin 8 - to 36 - fold against acute lethal infections produced in mice with piperacillin-resistant Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Morganella morganii, and Staphylococcus aureus.
Expression and prognostic significance of Stat5a and E‐cadherin in extramammary Paget’s disease (2006)

Our results showed that these proteins were found in in situ lesions, and it is speculated that these proteins may play some role in the prognosis/invasion of EMPD.
A Guard System to Limit Catalytic Converter Temperature (1976)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;High-temperature sintering can cause loss of activity in the catalyst of an automotive emission control system. The elevated temperature required to sinter the catalyst could arise from a combination of a warmed-up converter plus unusually high engine-out carbon monoxide or unburned hydrocarbon “fuel.” This unburned “fuel” could result from sustained engine misfiring due to faulty ignition or from a prolonged high-speed, closed-throttle coast. Such abnormal “fuel” input to the converter has been prevented in all 1975 General Motors production vehicles by using the more reliable High Energy Ignition system and by properly controlling engine operating parameters during a closed-throttle coast.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;During the Corporate-wide program to develop systems to limit catalytic converter temperature, a “guard” converter system was evaluated as one of many candidate solutions. The guard system uses a small monolith catalyst to oxidize a controlled fraction of the unburned “fuel” in the engine exhaust stream, then rejects heat from this partially treated exhaust before passing the gas on to the main bead-bed converter located downstream.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In tests with a bead bed and a guard system installed on a 1974 pre-converter vehicle, maximum bead-bed temperature during closed-throttle coasts was lowered significantly, with no penalty in emissions on the 1375 Federal Test Procedure. However, the reliability of the guard system is limited by deterioration of the very small monoliths. This deterioration must be improved substantially before the guard system is a viable production candidate.&lt;/div&gt;
STEROID SECONDARY AMINES1 (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSTEROID SECONDARY AMINES1Frederick C. UhleCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 2, 883Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01146a546https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01146a546research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views42Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Transition‐Metal‐Free Synthesis of Polyfunctional Triarylmethanes and 1,1‐Diarylalkanes by Sequential Cross‐Coupling of Benzal Diacetates with Organozinc Reagents (2021)

A variety of functionalized triarylmethane and 1,1-diarylalkane derivatives were prepared via a transition-metal-free, one-pot and two-step procedure, involving the reaction of various benzal diacetates with organozinc reagents. A sequential cross-coupling is enabled by changing the solvent from THF to toluene, and a two-step S<sub>N</sub> 1-type mechanism was proposed and evidenced by experimental studies. The synthetic utility of the method is further demonstrated by the synthesis of several biologically relevant molecules, such as an anti-tuberculosis agent, an anti-breast cancer agent, a precursor of a sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulator, and a FLAP inhibitor.
Wavelength multicasting accompanied with all-optical modulation format conversion from NRZ-OOK to RZ-BPSK using SOA-MZI wavelength converter (2012)

We propose a functional wavelength multicasting scheme accompanied with all-optical NRZ-OOK / RZ-BPSK modulation format conversion, using cross-phase modulation in a SOA-MZI. We experimentally demonstrate error free 4-channel multicasting for 10.7 Gbps input.
Oxygen‐dependent delayed fluorescence of protoporphyrin IX measured in the stomach and duodenum during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (2019)

Protoporphyrin IX-triplet state lifetime technique (PpIX-TSLT) is a method used to measure oxygen (PO<sub>2</sub> ) in human cells. The aim of this study was to assess the technical feasibility and safety of measuring oxygen-dependent delayed fluorescence of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-induced PpIX during upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy. Endoscopic delayed fluorescence measurements were performed 4 hours after oral administration of ALA in healthy volunteers. The ALA dose administered was 0, 1, 5 or 20 mg/kg. Measurements were performed at three mucosal spots in the gastric antrum, duodenal bulb and descending duodenum with the catheter above the mucosa and while applying pressure to induce local ischemia and monitor mitochondrial respiration. During two endoscopies, measurements were performed both before and after intravenous administration of butylscopolamine. Delayed fluorescence measurements were successfully performed during all 10 upper GI endoscopies. ALA dose of 5 mg/kg showed adequate signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) values >20 without side effects. All pressure measurements showed significant prolongation of delayed fluorescence lifetime compared to measurements performed without pressure (P < .001). Measurements before and after administration of butylscopolamine did not differ significantly in the duodenal bulb and descending duodenum. Measurements of oxygen-dependent delayed fluorescence of ALA-induced PpIX in the GI tract during upper GI endoscopy are technically feasible and safe.