gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Using cache line coloring to perform aggressive procedure inlining (2000)

Memory hierarchy performance has always been an important issue in computer architecture design. The likelihood of a bottleneck in the memory hierarchy is increasing, as improvements in microprocessor performance continue to outpace those made in the memory system. As a result, effective utilization of cache memories is essential in today's architectures.The nature of procedural software poses visibility problems when attempting to perform program optimization. One approach to increasing visibility in procedural design is to perform procedure inlining. The main downside of using inlining is that inlined procedures can place excess pressure on the instruction cache.To address this issue we attempt to perform code reordering. By combining reordering with aggressive inlining, a larger executable image produced through inlining can be effectively remapped onto the cache address space, while not noticeably increasing the instruction cache miss rate.In this paper, we evaluate our ability to perform aggressive inlining by employing cache line coloring. We have implemented three variations of our coloring algorithm in the Alto toolset and compare them against Alto's aggressive basic block reordering algorithms. Alto allows us to generate optimized executables, that can be run on hardware to generate results. We find that by using our algorithms, we can achieve up a 21% reduction is execution runtime over the base Compaq optimizing compiler, and a 6.4% reduction when compared to Alto's interprocedural basic block reordering algorithm.
ChemInform Abstract: Manufacture and Application of High Nitrogen Steels (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Two-dimensional Fourier-transform spectroscopy of potassium vapor (2010)

Optical two-dimensional Fourier-transform (2DFT) spectroscopy is used to study the coherent optical response of potassium vapor in a thin transmission cell. Rephasing and nonrephasing spectra of the ${D}_{1}$ and ${D}_{2}$ transitions are obtained and compared to numerical simulations. Non-perturbative calculations using the optical Bloch equations give very good agreement with the experimental peak strengths and line shapes. Nonradiative Raman-like coherences are isolated using a different 2DFT projection. Comparison between the optical and Raman linewidths shows that dephasing is due to partially correlated energy fluctuations. Density-dependent measurements show distortion of 2DFT spectra due to pulse propagation effects.
[Zika virus : from research to vaccine]. (2016)

Zika virus has recently emerged as new teratogenic agent. Research is drastically increasing to allow a better comprehension of the role of this emerging virus in the induction of fetal cerebral anomalies. Several epidemiological and microbiological aspects may explain a higher virulence of the current strain. Various animal models have been developed and confirm the materno-fetal transmission as well as the induction of cerebral development's disorders. In parallel, various companies are working to develop a vaccine and antiviral medicine against Zika virus. Despite promising results, the road remains long until a vaccine or antiviral medicines are available.
Towards Diagnosing Hybrid Systems (1999)

This paper reports on the findings of an on-going project to investigate techniques to diagnose complex dynamic systems that are modeled as hybrid systems. In particular, we examine continuous systems with embedded supervisory controllers which experience abrupt, partial or full failure of component devices. The problem we address is: given a hybrid model of system behavior, a history of executed controller actions, and a history of observations, including an observation of behavior that is aberrant relative to the model of expected behavior, determine what fault occurred to have caused the aberrant behavior. Determining a diagnosis can be cast as a search problem. Unfortunately, the search space is extremely large. To reduce search space size and to identify an initial set of candidate diagnoses, we propose to extend techniques originally applied to qualitative diagnosis of continuous systems. We refine these diagnoses using parameter estimation and data fitting techniques. As a motiv...
Frequent expression of new cancer/testis gene D40/AF15q14 in lung cancers of smokers (2002)

We found a significant correlation between lung cancer in smokers and the expression of a human gene, D40, predominantly expressed in testis and cancers. In an attempt to clone a novel human gene, we screened a cDNA library derived from a human B cell line and obtained a cDNA clone that we refer to as D40. A search for public databases for sequence homologies showed that the D40 gene is identical to AF15q14. D40 mRNA is predominantly expressed in normal testis tissue. However, this gene is also expressed in various human tumour cell lines and primary tumours derived from various organs and tissues, such as lung cancer. We examined the relationship between D40 expression and clinico-pathological characteristics of tumours in primary lung cancer. D40 expression did not significantly correlate with either histological type or pathological tumour stage. However, D40 expression was observed more frequently in poorly differentiated tumours than in well or moderately differentiated ones. Furthermore, the incidence of D40 expression was significantly higher in tumours from patients who smoke than in those from non-smokers. D40/AF15q14 is the first gene in the cancer/testis family for which expression is related to the smoking habits of cancer patients.
Improving gateway performance with a routing-table cache (2003)

A way to increase gateway throughput is to reduce the routing-table lookup time per packet. A routing-table cache can be used to reduce the average lookup time per packet and the purpose of this study is to determine the best management policies for this cache as well as its measured performance. The performance results of simulated caches for a gateway at MIT are presented. These results include the probability of reference versus previous access time, cache hit ratios, and the number of packets between cache misses. A simple, conservative analysis using the presented measurements shows that current gateway routing-table lookup time could be reduced by up to 65%.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Identification of Inhibitor Binding Site in Human Sirtuin 2 Using Molecular Docking and Dynamics Simulations (2013)

The ability to identify the site of a protein that can bind with high affinity to small, drug-like compounds has been an important goal in drug design. Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2), histone deacetylase protein family, plays a central role in the regulation of various pathways. Hence, identification of drug for SIRT2 has attracted great interest in the drug discovery community. To elucidate the molecular basis of the small molecules interactions to inhibit the SIRT2 function we employed the molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and the molecular mechanism Poisson-Boltzmann/surface area (MM-PBSA) calculations. Five well know inhibitors such as suramin, mol-6, sirtinol, 67, and nf675 were selected to establish the nature of the binding mode of the inhibitors in the SIRT2 active site. The molecular docking and dynamics simulations results revealed that the hydrogen bonds between Arg97 and Gln167 are crucial to inhibit the function of SIRT2. In addition, the MM-PBSA calculations revealed that binding of inhibitors to SIRT2 is mainly driven by van der Waals/non-polar interactions. Although the five inhibitors are very different in structure, shape, and electrostatic potential, they are able to fit in the same binding pocket. These findings from this study provide insights to elucidate the binding pattern of SIRT2 inhibitors and help in the rational structure-based design of novel SIRT2 inhibitors with improved potency and better resistance profile.
Influence of laser cutting parameters on CFRP part quality (2010)

Material processing of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastics (CFRP) parts by means of shape-cutting or jet-cutting technologies is state of the art today. These processes still perform in some applications with lack of part quality such as delamination and low productivity. Therefore, laser cutting processes have a great potential in material processing of CFRP. Laser process parameters have to be adjusted carefully in order to reduce the heat affected zone at cutting edge and influence on part quality.
Exploiting Unused Spare Columns and Replaced Columns to Enhance Memory ECC (2017)

Due to the emergence of extremely high density memory along with the growing number of embedded memories, memory yield is an important issue. Memory self-repair using redundancies to increase the yield of memories is widely used. Because high density memories are vulnerable to soft errors, memory error correction code (ECC) plays an important role in memory design. In this paper, methods to exploit spare columns including replaced defective columns are proposed to improve memory ECC. To utilize replaced defective columns, the defect information needs to be stored. Two approaches to store defect information are proposed-one is to use a spare column and the other is to use a content-addressable-memory. Experimental results show that the proposed method can significantly enhance the ECC performance.
Recognition and Neural Plasticity Responding to Deficient Nutrient Intake Scanned by a Functional MRI in the Brain of Rats with L‐Lysine Deficiency (1995)

Each L-amino acid (AA) in plasma and brain remains unchanged while normal diet is available. Once L-lysine (Lys) deficient diet was offered to rats, Lys in plasma and brain declined, and anorexia occurred. When solutions of AAs were offered, they selected the Lys solution, and their food intake and growth normalized. The single neuron activity in the lateral hypothalamic area of these rats suggested that neural plasticity occurred, specifically responding to Lys, both by iontophoretic application and during ingestion of AA. The recognition site for deficient nutrient intake in the brain of rats with Lys deficiency was identified by non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI 4.7 tesla, 40 cm bore in diameter) developed to monitor changes in cerebral blood flow and oxygenation in rat brain. Wistar strain young male rats fed with Lys deficient diet for 4 days, were adapted to be settled in the center of the bore. When they received a Lys injection intraperitoneally (0.2 M, 10 mL/kg), a signal intensity decrease in the medial and lateral hypothalamus appeared 30 minutes later in T2 weighted images, reflecting increased oxygenation which lasted for 30 minutes, and then gradually recovered. These changes never occurred in any other areas of the brain of rats with Lys deficiency, i.e., the thalamus, the cortex, the hippocampus, etc. There were no changes in the signal intensity with control injection of saline. In addition, oxygen consumption in the brain of rats without Lys deficiency was not altered by intraperitoneal Lys injection. The present results suggest that in essential AA deficiency, the medial and lateral hypothalamus may play important roles in recognition responses to particular deficient nutrients in order to maintain homeostasis.
JAK-STAT signaling in hepatic fibrosis (2011)

Chronic liver injury, liver fibrosis and formation of hepatocellular carcinoma are intimately linked and represent a major medical challenge since treatment options are limited. Therefore, it is important to identify cellular and molecular pathways that promote liver damage or provide hepatoprotection for development of therapeutic approaches. Recently, the transcription factors STAT3 and STAT5 have been implicated in liver fibrosis induced by cholestatic liver damage. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge about STAT proteins in liver fibrosis and focus on common activities that underlie the hepatoprotective mechanisms regulated by IL-6/gp130/STAT3 and GH/STAT5/IGF-1 signaling pathways.
Localization of Brain Natriuretic Peptide Immunoreactivity in Rat Spinal Cord (2016)

Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) exerts its functions through NP receptors. Recently, BNP has been shown to be involved in a wide range of functions. Previous studies reported BNP expression in the sensory afferent fibers in the dorsal horn (DH) of the spinal cord. However, BNP expression and function in the neurons of the central nervous system are still controversial. Therefore, in this study, we investigated BNP expression in the rat spinal cord in detail using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry. RT-PCR analysis showed that BNP mRNA was present in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion (DRG). BNP immunoreactivity was observed in different structures of the spinal cord, including the neuronal cell bodies and neuronal processes. BNP immunoreactivity was observed in the DH of the spinal cord and in the neurons of the intermediate column (IC) and ventral horn (VH). Double-immunolabeling showed a high level of BNP expression in the afferent fibers (laminae I-II) labeled with calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), suggesting BNP involvement in sensory function. In addition, BNP was co-localized with CGRP and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in the motor neurons of the VH. Together, these results indicate that BNP is expressed in sensory and motor systems of the spinal cord, suggesting its involvement in several biological actions on sensory and motor neurons via its binding to NP receptor-A (NPR-A) and/or NP receptor-B (NPR-B) at the spinal cord level.
Living coralligenous as geo-historical structure built by coralline algae (2022)

The most important reef of the Mediterranean is the Coralligène (Coralligenous = C), including several types of calcareous algal-invertebrate build-ups growing in normal open marine conditions. We analyzed and compared two C samples from the Ligurian Sea developed in different environmental settings: 1) off Portofino on a rocky cliff, at a depth of about 40 m and 2) in front of Bogliasco, on a sub-horizontal substrate at a depth of 10 m. The maximum AMS radiocarbon dating provided an older age for Bogliasco (about 5 ka BP) than for Portofino (about 3.6 ka BP), and the mean accumulation rate of the Portofino build-up (about 80 µm y −1 ) was found to be higher than the one in Bogliasco (about 65 µm y −1 ). The different sides of each build-up showed a remarkable heterogeneity in the dominant cover by living organisms, and the comparison between the two build-ups highlighted an evident diversity in their taxonomic composition and structure, although crustose coralline algae (CCA) are the dominant framework builder and major autogenic ecosystem engineers at both localities, in the present as in the past millennia. Other major components of the structure are bryozoans and serpulids, and an important role is played by sediment filling. In Bogliasco, extreme climate events and major peaks of fine matrix and terrigenous grains are observed, lithologically related to the drainage basin of the Poggio creek and associated with charophyte occurrence and reduced CCA abundance. The occurrence of the rare Sporolithon ptychoides was observed both in Portofino at about 750 BCE and in Bogliasco. These Sporolithon phases are likely related to warm and humid spells punctuating the Holocene climate fluctuations in the Ligurian Sea. Because coralline algae are confirmed to be the most important habitat engineer of the Mediterranean reefs, they deserve more attention in the framework of any monitoring initiative aimed at C management and conservation.
Transulnar Percutaneous Pinning of Displaced Distal Radial Fractures (1989)

Difficulty in maintaining the reduction of displaced radial fractures has prompted the use of numerous techniques to address this problem. The purpose of this study was to determine if four or five 0.045-in Kirschner pins when placed percutaneously through the ulna into the radius could maintain the reduction of this unstable fracture configuration. A 15-month average follow-up of 14 patients, averaging 48 years old, included subjective patient responses and range-of-motion measurements of the forearm, wrist, and digits in addition to grip strength determinations. Analyses of the radial angle and radial height were made on the posteroanterior radiograph, and the articular inclination was assessed on the lateral radiograph. Overall results were 2 excellent and 12 good using the Scheck demerit system of evaluation. The advantages of this technique are as follows: Radial sensory nerves are avoided; use of a lightweight splint at 3 weeks promotes patient comfort and facilitates finger range-of motion exercises; percutaneous pins are easily removed in the office without anesthesia; and pin site scars are barely perceptible at follow-up in the majority of patients.
Management of adhesive small bowel obstruction: A distinct paradigm shift in the United States (2018)

Therapeutic study, level IV.
Contrastive Classification and Representation Learning with Probabilistic Interpretation (2022)

Cross entropy loss has served as the main objective function for classification-based tasks. Widely deployed for learning neural network classifiers, it shows both effectiveness and a probabilistic interpretation. Recently, after the success of self supervised contrastive representation learning methods, supervised contrastive methods have been proposed to learn representations and have shown superior and more robust performance, compared to solely training with cross entropy loss. However, cross entropy loss is still needed to train the final classification layer. In this work, we investigate the possibility of learning both the representation and the classifier using one objective function that combines the robustness of contrastive learning and the probabilistic interpretation of cross entropy loss. First, we revisit a previously proposed contrastive-based objective function that approximates cross entropy loss and present a simple extension to learn the classifier jointly. Second, we propose a new version of the supervised contrastive training that learns jointly the parameters of the classifier and the backbone of the network. We empirically show that our proposed objective functions show a significant improvement over the standard cross entropy loss with more training stability and robustness in various challenging settings.
Communication networks for the new millennium (1999)

Communication networks in the new millennium will involve seamless integration of different types of transmission network technology, in which microwave transmission will play a vital role. This paper covers developments and convergence in terrestrial, satellite, cellular mobile, local microwave distribution, and cable networks. It highlights the commercial influences that drive the growth of these networks and provides thoughts on the future structure of the communications business and related industry. The need for new processes of spectrum management and the need for microwave engineers to address perceived public health and environmental issues at the early design stage of new infrastructure or user equipment is also stressed.
PULSED ELECTRIC FIELD FOR PASTEURIZATION OF FRESH SUGARCANE JUICE (2018)

Pasteurization methods using pulsed electric fields (PEFs) have proved efficient at non-thermal inactivation of microorganisms and pathogens. The methods usually use a series of high intensity, narrow band electric fields that pass through target mediums where they induce irreversible damage to cellular membranes leading to the death of microorganisms by internal content loss breakage of cell homeostasis and other effects. This research proposed a simple, lab-scale PEF pasteurization equipment that uses common output electric voltages (220V and 110V, which provide electric power of 5.5 and 2.75 kV/m, respectively) with a simple designed Human-Machine Interface control. At a voltage of 110V, the equipment was tested with non-sterilized Czapek medium which showed more than 1.42-log reduction in the microbial density at 30s of the treatment and temperature below 60 o C. A test on suspended E. coli in modified Czapek medium also indicated an inactivation of most of bacterial cells after 40s of the treatment. We then applied the equipment to pasteurize fresh sugarcane juice and, as a result, the content of native microorganisms in sugarcane juice was reduced 1.2-log cycle, compared to that of original juice before the treatment.
The reasons why Klebsiella pneumoniae becomes a leading opportunistic pathogen (2020)

This review provides an analysis of causes why Klebsiella pneumoniae takes a leading place among opportunistic human bacteria. The review includes the history of K. pneumoniae studies, microbiological properties and various Klebsiella-associated types of infections. The molecular and genetic mechanisms of K. pneumoniae virulence and antimicrobial resistance are described in detail. It’s concluded that the main underline cause of K. pneumoniae threat is the potential for developing resistance to all antimicrobial classes.
Ring enhancement in ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide MR imaging: a potential new sign for characterization of liver lesions. (1996)

Ring enhancement after i.v. administration of Code 7227 is a frequent finding seen more often with malignant than benign lesions, potentially identifying a new MR imaging feature for the characterization of liver lesions. The identification of ring enhancement on T1-weighted images attests to the significant blood-pool effects of USPIO particles.
A First Look at Mobile Intelligence: Architecture, Experimentation and Challenges (2018)

Artificial intelligence (AI) technology makes mobile devices become intelligent objects which can learn and act automatically. Although AI will bring great opportunities for mobile applications, little work has focused on the architecture and the interaction with the cloud. In this article, we present three existing architectures of mobile intelligence in detail and introduce its broad application prospects. Furthermore, we conduct a series of experiments to evaluate the performance of the prevalent commercial applications and intelligent frameworks. Our results show that there is a big gap between Quality of Experience (QoE) requirements and the status quo. So far, we have seen only the tip of the iceberg. We pose issues and challenges to advance the area of mobile intelligence and hope to pave the way for the forthcoming.