gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An approach to the research on ion and water properties in the interphase between the plasma membrane and bulk extracellular solution (2017)

In vivo, cells are immersed in an extracellular solution that contains a variety of bioactive substances including ions and water. Classical electrophysiological analyses of epithelial cells in the stomach and small intestine have revealed that within a distance of several hundred micrometers above their apical plasma membrane, lies an extracellular layer that shows ion concentration gradients undetectable in the bulk phase. This "unstirred layer", which contains stagnant solutes, may also exist between the bulk extracellular solution and membranes of other cells in an organism and may show different properties. On the other hand, an earlier study using a bacterial planar membrane indicated that H<sup>+</sup> released from a transporter migrates in the horizontal direction along the membrane surface much faster than it diffuses vertically toward the extracellular space. This result implies that between the membrane surface and unstirred layer, there is a "nanointerface" that has unique ionic dynamics. Advanced technologies have revealed that the nanointerface on artificial membranes possibly harbors a highly ordered assembly of water molecules. In general, hydrogen bonds are involved in formation of the ordered water structure and can mediate rapid transfer of H<sup>+</sup> between neighboring molecules. This description may match the phenomenon on the bacterial membrane. A recent study has suggested that water molecules in the nanointerface regulate the gating of K<sup>+</sup> channels. Here, the region comprising the unstirred layer and nanointerface is defined as the interphase between the plasma membrane and bulk extracellular solution (iMES). This article briefly describes the physicochemical properties of ions and water in the iMES and their physiological significance. We also describe the methodologies that are currently used or will be applicable to the interphase research.
A Comparison of Patterns of Emergency Care Between Resident and Staff (2003)

Background : The doctors' strike was not only a manmade disaster but also a chance to apply a new pattern of emergency medical service for patients. We hope to propose a new pattern of emergency medical service by comparing the patterns of emergency medical service given by resident and staff during the doctors' strike. Methods : We reviewed the medical records of patients who received emergency medical service in the Emergency Department(ED) of Deagu Catholic University Hospital during 3 days a week prior to the residents' strike (July 21-23, 2000) with those of patients receiving emergency medical service during the first 3 days of the residents' strike (July 28-30, 2000). We evaluated the patient's severity, the cause of the ED visit, the performance on the laboratory study, ECG, and radiological study, the disposition, and the length of ED stay. Also, we compared the collected data by presenting doctor and by patient's severity. Results : The staff performed fewer tests admitted fewer emergent and non-emergent patients than the residents. Also, the length of ED stay was shorter in both the emergent (212.76 vs. 321.40 minutes) and the non-emergent groups (117.68 vs. 171.39 minutes) for patients presenting to staff. Conclusion : It is desirable that emergency medical service is given by staff, not by resident.
Conclusion (2001)

L'objectif premier de notre recherche a été de répondre à une demande précise de coopération émanant du gouvernement équatorien pour définir une stratégie de lutte antiérosive dans la Sierra, la région andine du pays, où l'érosion des sols cultivés est la plus active. Pour apporter des solutions, une phase de recherches menées à différentes échelles, à la fois qualitative et quantitative, s'est avérée nécessaire afin de compléter les connaissances sur l'environnement physique e
Waste Management in a Hot Laboratory of Japan Atomic Energy Agency – 3: Volume Reduction and Stabilization of Solid Waste (2019)

In the Japan Atomic Energy Agency, three types of experimental research, advanced reactor fuel reprocessing, radioactive waste disposal, and nuclear fuel cycle technology, have been carried out at the Chemical Processing Facility. The facility has generated high level radioactive liquid and solid wastes in hot cells. The high level radioactive solid waste is divided into three main categories, a flammable waste, a non-flammable waste, and a solid reagent waste. A plastic product is categorized into the flammable waste and molten with a heating mantle. The non-flammable waste is cut with a band saw machine for reducing the volume. Among the solid reagent waste, a used adsorbent after the experiments is heated, and an extractant is decomposed for its stabilization. All high level radioactive solid wastes in the hot cells are packed in a high level radioactive solid waste can. The high level radioactive solid waste can is transported to the 2nd High Active Solid Waste Storage in the Tokai Reprocessing Plant in the Japan Atomic Energy Agency.
Release and innate detection of host cell DNA mediates the adjuvant effects of aluminum salts (2011)

peer reviewed
IBM Journal of Research and Development: Information for Authors (1983)

This paper combines background information about the IBM Journal of Research and Development with guidelines for the preparation of Journal manuscripts. The purpose is to acquaint authors with the Journal as a primary, professional publication and to present suggestions to ease the work of author and editor in preparing clear, concise, and useful manuscripts.
The use of digital cameras in a mobile retinal screening environment (1999)

This study indicates that digital systems are a feasible and acceptable alternative to Polaroid-based cameras for use in a mobile environment.
Sistema autónomo de generación de energía mediante el accionamiento de pedales (2008)

En este articulo se presenta un sistema de alimentacion autonomo que gestiona la energia generada por el accionamiento de unos pedales acoplados a un generador de continua. La gestion energetica se realiza mediante un control en banda de histeresis que regula el par mecanico que debe realizar el usuario, complementado con un almacenamiento intermedio de energia. El sistema de alimentacion aqui presentado se ha desarrollado para una aplicacion concreta, la alimentacion de un ordenador portatil. Por ello se ha caracterizado el consumo del mismo, asi como la energia suministrada por los pedales utilizados para la generacion de la potencia necesaria.
Targeting Molecular Pathways for Prevention of High Risk Breast Cancer: A Model for Cancer Prevention (2012)

Vaccine therapy is traditionally designed to be given prophylactically in order to prevent infectious diseases. Vaccines formulated against pathogens known to cause disease have been successfully created and implementation policies have been effective in the prevention and eradication of many life-threatening diseases. A well-know example of the success that is possible with a well constructed vaccine and an efficient vaccination strategy is the poliomyelitis vaccine. Poliomyelitis was first documented in the late 19th century and it quickly reached the level of causing annual global endemics. The vaccine was introduced in the United States in 1955 and was associated with an immediate reduction in the disease and eventual the elimination of wild-type polioviruses in the United States by 1972. Subsequent global expansion of polio vaccination has resulted in a drastic reduction of documented cases of the disease as well as eradication of wild type 2 poliovirus
Genetic analysis of divergence among advanced free threshable emmer wheat mutants derived through inter-specific hybridization followed by mutation for quantitative traits (2015)

Ninety two mutant lines derived from inter-specific hybridization cum mutation involving emmer and durum wheat as source were evaluated for various quantitative traits. The mean values indicated existence of sufficient variability among the genotypes for all the traits studied representing pooling of positive alleles from both species. All the genotypes including parents were grouped into 11 clusters based on D2 statistics. The inter-cluster distance and intra cluster distance indicated still there is scope to improve quality and yield traits through hybridization involving genotypes from different clusters. Yield, plant height and number of grains per spike contributed towards genetic divergence and these traits are major determinants of genetic variability in mutant populations. The present study indicated contribution of positive alleles for almost all the productivity traits and quality into durum background whereas, free threshability and test weight into dicoccum background and confer definite advantage of inter-specific hybridization cum mutation over simple inter-varietal hybridization.
Revertant mutants modify, but do not rescue, the gating defect of the cystic fibrosis mutant G551D‐CFTR (2014)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by dysfunction of the epithelial anion channel cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). One strategy to restore function to CF mutants is to suppress defects in CFTR processing and function using revertant mutations. Here, we investigate the effects of the revertant mutations G550E and 4RK (the simultaneous disruption of four arginine-framed tripeptides (AFTs): R29K, R516K, R555K and R766K) on the CF mutant G551D, which impairs severely channel gating without altering protein processing and which affects a residue in the same α-helix as G550 and R555. Both G550E and 4RK augmented strongly CFTR-mediated iodide efflux from BHK cells expressing G551D-CFTR. To learn how revertant mutations influence G551D-CFTR function, we studied protein processing and single-channel behaviour. Neither G550E nor 4RK altered the expression and maturation of G551D-CFTR protein. By contrast, both revertants had marked effects on G551D-CFTR channel gating, increasing strongly opening frequency, while 4RK also diminished noticeably the duration of channel openings. Because G551D-CFTR channel gating is ATP independent, we investigated whether revertant mutations restore ATP dependence to G551D-CFTR. Like wild-type CFTR, the activity of 4RK-G551D-CFTR varied with ATP concentration, suggesting that 4RK confers some ATP dependence on the G551D-CFTR channel. Thus, the revertant mutations G550E and 4RK alter the gating pattern and ATP dependence of G551D-CFTR without restoring single-channel activity to wild-type levels. Based on their impact on the CF mutants F508del and G551D, we conclude that G550E and 4RK have direct effects on CFTR structure, but that their action on CFTR processing and channel function is CF mutation specific.
Intraoral Chilling Versus Oral Sumatriptan for Acute Migraine (2001)

Migraine pathophysiology is associated with a dural inflammation. Recent evidence suggests that the primary inflammation occurs in a maxillary nerve segment, accessible intraorally. Local tenderness, related to symptom laterality, has been palpated consistently in asymptomatic migraine patients, and significant migraine relief has been obtained from chilling confined to this area. Thirty-five symptomatic episodic migraine patients were enrolled in this study, comparing 40 minutes of bilateral intraoral chilling, 50 mg of oral sumatriptan, and 40 minutes of sham (tongue) chilling. Hollow metal tubes chilled by circulating ice water were held in the maxillary molar periapical areas by the patient. Pain and nausea were recorded at baseline and 1, 2, 4, and 24 hours after start of treatment, using a numeric symptom-relief scale. Significant mean headache relief was obtained by maxillary chilling and sumatriptan at all four time intervals, with poor relief obtained by placebo. Maxillary chilling was more effective than sumatriptan at all four time intervals. Significant nausea relief was obtained by maxillary chilling and sumatriptan at posttreatment and 2 and 4 hours later. At 24 hours, some headache and nausea recurrence was noted with sumatriptan. The repeated-measures analysis of variance indicated that both treatments, drug (P = 0.024) and maxillary chilling (P = 0.001), reduced the headache, as compared with the control group. Tenderness suggests local inflammation associated with vasodilatation and edema. Because chilling can resolve local edema, these findings raise the possibility that an intraoral inflammation may be a factor in migraine etiology.
<title>Investigation of a band-pass filter using view-specific image sequences for edge enhancement in quantitative coronary angiography</title> (1999)

Quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) diameter measurements are important in determining the extent of coronary artery disease progression and course of treatment in a patient. Traditional QCA techniques filter the X-ray angiographic image in order to enhance the edge profiles. We investigated a new method of obtaining an edge enhancement filter based on the power spectrum of an ensemble of view specific background images for X-ray angiographic images. The band-pass filter is obtained from the power spectra of a particular view imaged with (1) background only and (2) contrast filled arteries plus background. We tested our band-pass filter by measuring the diameters of a coronary artery phantom. The angiograms were filtered with a Sobel kernel to highlight the edges. The same angiograms were band-pass filtered and then Sobel filtered to see if our band-pass filter had any effect on the accuracy of the artery diameter measurement. The mean absolute percent error of the diameter measures decreased with the use of the band-pass filter 14.2% plus or minus 16.5% (n equals 57). Two- way analysis of variance was not statistically significant between the diameter measures (0.5 - 5.0 mm) of the Sobel only filtered image compared to the band-pass edge enhancement plus Sobel filtering.
Scattering of Electromagnetic Waves From a Tilted Slightly Rough Surface (1968)

The interaction of a plane wave and a slightly rough surface tilted away from a reference plane is investigated. Expressions for the scattered fields are obtained to second order for a perfectly conducting and a dielectric surface. In the limiting case of no tilt the fields agree with those of Rice. When the normal to the surface is rotated about the intersection between the incidence plane and the reference plane, the treatment yields important polarization effects and gives explicitly as a function of the tilt which irregularities on the surface contribute to the scattered power. Numerical results are obtained to investigate the relative magnitudes of the terms contributing to the cross sections.
Multilocus microsatellite signature and identification of specific molecular markers for Leishmania aethiopica (2013)

Multilocus microsatellite typing using the markers developed in this study could be useful for epidemiological and population genetic studies of strains of L. aethiopica in order to investigate the structure and dynamics of the corresponding natural foci. It could also help to answer specific clinical questions, such as the occurrence of local and diffuse lesions, strain correlates of parasite persistence after subclinical infection and lesion comparisons from patients suffering from L. aethiopica infections.
Three dimensional numerical analysis for flow prediction in positive displacement screw machines (2002)

A substantial proportion of all industrial compressors now produced are of the twin-screw type. These are rotary positive displacement machines, which operate at high efficiency over a wide range of speeds and pressure differences. Currently their performance is estimated by assuming simplified one-dimensional flow through passages with dimensions that are invariant with temperature and pressure. As manufacturing accuracy increases, clearances can be reduced and compressors thereby made smaller and more efficient. However to obtain full advantageo f this at the design stage,it must be possible to estimate accurately internal fluid flow patterns, pressure and temperature distribution and their effects on the working process. An interface has therefore been developed in order to generate a 3-D numerical grid for this purpose. This employs a procedure to produce rotor profiles and an analytical transfinite interpolation method with adaptive meshing to obtain a fully structured 3-D numerical mesh, which is directly transferable to a Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code. Robust calculations can then be performed while allowing for moving, stretching and sliding between the rotors with large variations in the chamber shape and proportions. Changes in the solver functions have improved convergence and increased the speed of solution. One of these is to include a means to maintain constant pressure within the inlet and outlet ports throughout the calculating procedure. Also, the CFD procedure has been modified to enable fast calculations to be made with real working fluids and to estimate two-phase flow effects due to phase change and oil injection in the working chamber. The interface, pre-processing code and calculating procedures have been used with a commercial CFD solver to estimate the performance of three different compressor applications. The predicted results for one of these were compared with those obtained from the author's measurement in an experimental test rig and good agreement was obtained.
A Two-Step Conversion of α,β-Unsaturated Ketones to Their α-Carbalkoxy or α-Carbamoyl Derivatives (2002)

Several enones are converted into their alpha-iodo derivatives in excellent yields and carbonylated with palladium catalysis in the presence of alcohol or amines to the alpha-carbonyl enones in satisfactory yields.
From the Authors (2004)

reproducibility of between 6-10% in most cases; and 3) small numbers in some subgroups meant that an 8.3% difference in "success rate" equates to a difference in performance of a single child.
Embedded Metamaterial Subframe Patch for Increased Power Output of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters (2021)

Abstract These days, piezoelectric energy harvesting (PEH) is introduced as one of the clean and renewable energy sources for powering the self-powered sensors utilized for wireless condition monitoring of structures. However, low efficiency is the biggest drawback of PEHs. This paper introduces an innovative embedded metamaterial subframe (MetaSub) patch as a practical solution to address the low throughput limitation of conventional PEHs whose host structure has already been constructed or installed. To evaluate the performance of the embedded MetaSub patch (EMSP), a cantilever beam is considered as the host structure in this study. The EMSP transfers the auxetic behavior to the piezoelectric element (PZT) wherever substituting a regular beam with an auxetic beam is either impracticable or suboptimal. The concept of the EMSP is numerically validated, and the comsol multiphysics software was employed to investigate its performance when a cantilever beam is subjected to different amplitude and frequency. The finite element model results demonstrate that the harvesting power in cases that use the EMSP can be amplified up to 5.5 times compared to a piezoelectric cantilever energy harvester without patch. This paper opens up a great potential of using EMSP for different types of energy harvesting systems in biomedical, acoustics, civil, electrical, aerospace, and mechanical engineering applications.
Quantificazione differenziale dell’uptake di diversi costrutti episomali in spermatozoi suini. (2009)

In the last twenty years many acknowledgements were conceived about Sperm Mediated Gene Transfer (1), but it is whether to define differential construct uptake on sperm membrane, in order to operate efficiently with different exogenous DNAs. The aim of this study was to develop a simple and reliable method for differential uptake quantification during the co-incubation phase between exogenous DNA and spermatozoa. We recurred to construct specific-fluorophores (Cyanine 3, 3.5 and 5) and spectrophotometric readings at every time point. Experimental data were then validated through Real Time PCR: both the assays showed clearly that there are no preferences in construct uptake by sperm membrane, and moreover, that most of the exogenous DNA (&gt;70% for each construct) was seized from the solution by the spermatozoa.
System architecture for context-aware home application (2004)

Recently, there are many efforts to build ubiquitous computing applications in many projects. The applications have covered areas such as home, office, and mobile. However, it tends to make ubiquitous system not based on scenario, but technology. In contrast, we firstly define targeted application at home such as u-media, u-healthcare, u-control and u-management scenarios. We focus on implementing context-aware home application. From these applications, we abstract technologies and system architecture required to be developed. We define the system architecture in order to easily accommodate context-aware information and to support new application.
Oral dimethyl fumarate induces changes within the peripheral neutrophil compartment of patients with psoriasis that are linked with skin improvement* (2021)

Our results reveal a novel in vivo effect of DMF therapy on pro-inflammatory neutrophils that likely contributes to this treatment's antipsoriatic efficacy.
Clozapine-Induced Alteration of Glucose Homeostasis in the Rat: The Contribution of Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Activation (2007)

Clozapine induces sex-related alterations of glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity in rodents. We discussed the possible contribution of clozapine-induced activation of HPA and clozapine antagonistic activity at peripheral 5-HT(2A) receptors to the observed metabolic alterations.
Charge Transfer-Triggered Bi3+Near-Infrared Emission in Y2Ti2O7for Dual-Mode Temperature Sensing (2022)

Trivalent bismuth is a popular main group ion showing versatile luminescent behaviors in a broad spectral range from ultraviolet to visible, but barely in the near-infrared (NIR) region. In this study, we have observed unexpected NIR emission at ∼744 nm in a Bi<sup>3+</sup>-doped pyrochlore, Y<sub>2</sub>Ti<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> (YTOB). Our first-principles electronic structure calculation and analysis of the Bi local structure via extended X-ray absorption fine structure indicate that only Bi<sup>3+</sup> species appears in YTOB and it has a similar local environment to that of Y<sup>3+</sup>. The NIR emission is assigned to a Ti<sup>4+</sup> → Bi<sup>3+</sup> metal-to-metal charge transfer process. Moreover, we have demonstrated dual-mode luminescence thermometry based on the luminescence intensity ratio (LIR) and lifetime (τ) in 0.5% Bi<sup>3+</sup> and 0.5% Pr<sup>3+</sup> co-doped Y<sub>2</sub>Ti<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> (YTOB0.5P0.5). It exhibits high thermometric sensitivity simultaneously in the cryogenic temperature range from 78 to 298 K based on τ of the NIR emission of Bi<sup>3+</sup> at 748 nm and in the temperature range of 278-378 K based on the LIR of Bi<sup>3+</sup> to Pr<sup>3+</sup> emissions (<i>I</i><sub>748</sub>/<i>I</i><sub>615</sub>). As a novel LIR-τ dual-mode thermometric material over a wide temperature range, the maximum relative sensitivities of the YTOB0.5P0.5 reach 3.53% K<sup>-1</sup> at 298 K from the τ mode and 3.52% K<sup>-1</sup> at 318 K based on the LIR mode. The dual-mode luminescence thermometry with high responsivity from our Bi<sup>3+</sup>-based pyrochlore Y<sub>2</sub>Ti<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> phosphor opens a new avenue for more luminescent materials toward multi-mode thermometry applied in complex temperature-sensing conditions.