gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrasensitive Laser Spectroscopy in Solids: Statistical Fine Structure and Single-Molecule Detection (1990)

Detailed studies of the low-temperature inhomogeneously broadened 0-0 S(1)-S(0) electronic transition of pentacene dopant molecules in p-terphenyl crystals have produced two novel observations which open up a new regime for ultra-sensitive laser spectroscopy in solids. The first result, direct detection of intrinsic static absorption fine structure on a megaHertzs scale, called statistical fine structure, arises from number fluctuations in the spectral density of absorbers which scale as the square root of the number of absorbers per homogeneous width. Surprisingly, this effect provides a new method for determining the homogeneous width that does not rely on hole-burning or coherent transients. The second recent observation, detection of the optical absorption of a single pentacene molecule in a p-terphenyl crystal, opens the door to new studies of single local environments in solids as well as to studies of the interactions of a single absorber with external perturbations in which no averaging is performed over large numbers of nominally equivalent local configurations. Both achievements utilized high sensitivity variations of laser frequency modulation spectroscopy to perform the measurement. Keywords: Statistical fine structure, Atomic properties, Single molecule detection, Molecule properties, Laser spectroscopy of solids, Instrumentation, Pentacene in p-terphenyl, Organic compounds, Near field.
Supplementary Table 3 from Associations between MICA and MICB Genetic Variants, Protein Levels, and Colorectal Cancer: Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Table 3 shows the associations between pre-selected SNPs and CRC risk stratified by sex, race, or diabetes status.&lt;/p&gt;
Zdrowie lokalnych społeczeństw a kształtowanie bezpiecznego otoczenia (2016)

Temat niniejszego artykułu traktuje o współczesnych problemach dotyczących funkcjonowania człowieka w przestrzeni publicznej. Odpowiada na pytanie dlaczego czujemy się coraz mniej bezpieczni oraz jak temu zaradzić poprzez świadome kształtowanie otoczenia, z wykorzystaniem prostych zasad ułatwiających funkcjonowanie w przestrzeni miejskiej. Autorzy zwracają uwagę na niepokojący brak zaangażowania mieszkańców w kwestię poprawy jakości życia oraz patologie społeczne, jakie temu zjawisku towarzyszą. Czy wszystkiemu winna jest edukacja i co sprawia, że powstają współczesne „getta”?
Millimeter wave array for UAV imaging MIMO radar (2015)

High resolution imaging radars at millimeter-wave frequencies for obstacle avoidance for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) utilize a large antenna aperture and sequential mechanical scanning of the aperture to form images with high fidelity. Planar arrays are an attractive alternative. They do not require mechanical scanning, and images are formed digitally using beamforming techniques [1]. To achieve image quality comparable to mechanically scanned radars, fully populated arrays require inordinate numbers of elements. These are costly, a challenge to design, and difficult to produce. Thinned or sparse arrays are a potential solution to this problem. MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) techniques are an efficient method of thinning an array using spreading sequences to create an overlay of paired transmitter and receiver elements, without sacrificing image quality. The use of MIMO techniques to thin an array is a relatively recent development [2]. To be of practical use at millimeter-wave frequencies, MIMO techniques require the development of novel array geometries and architecture. This paper presents designs for the implementation of millimeter-wave planar arrays which have been thinned using MIMO techniques and considerers the limitations on the length of spreading sequences due to the increasingly pronounced effect of Doppler at higher frequencies. These considerations have led to the first instance of the use of the Moreno-Tirkel sequence Family B for high resolution imaging radar.
Evolution of Guided Wave Fields in Rib ARROW-Structures (1993)

Novel waveguiding schemes basing on resonance effects like the Bragg-reflection waveguide and the Anti-Resonant-Reflecting Optical Waveguide (ARROW) have attracted an increasing interest within the last few years. This is due mainly to the fact, that some drawbacks are inherent in the conventional waveguiding concept. This concerns for instance the diameter mismatch of fiber-waveguide interconnects, the restriction to evanescent coupling, and the requirements for field-induced nonlinear refractive index changes to evoke nonlinear device characteristics. The first items require considerable technological efforts, whereas the latter one restricts the class of materials that can be used remarkably.
Optimal Anycast Technique for Delay-Sensitive Energy-Constrained Asynchronous Sensor Networks (2010)

In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), asynchronous sleep-wake scheduling protocols can be used to significantly reduce energy consumption without incurring the communication overhead for clock synchronization needed for synchronous sleep-wake scheduling protocols. However, these savings could come at a significant cost in delay performance. Recently, researchers have attempted to exploit the inherent broadcast nature of the wireless medium to reduce this delay with virtually no additional energy cost. These schemes are called “anycasting,” where each sensor node forwards the packet to the first node that wakes up among a set of candidate next-hop nodes. In this paper, we develop a delay-optimal anycasting scheme under periodic sleep-wake patterns. Our solution is computationally simple and fully distributed. Furthermore, we show that periodic sleep-wake patterns result in the smallest delay among all wake-up patterns under given energy constraints. Simulation results illustrate the benefit of our proposed schemes over the state of the art.
Migration from Nursery to Spawning Area in Relation to Growth and Maturation of Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides) in the Northeast Arctic (2003)

The population structure of the concentrations of Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides (Walbaum, 1792)) in relation to distribution area and state of maturity is described based on 12 trawl surveys conducted in the spawning, nursery and feeding areas along the Norwegian Continental Slope between October 1996 and January 1999. Based on these, inferences are made of how the migration from nursery to spawning area depends on individual characteristics, such as sex, maturity stage and previous growth history, and how emigration from nursery is linked to immigration to the spawning area. Descriptions are also given of the age and length structure of the different maturity groups in the spawning area. It was inferred that for both males and females, the fast growing individuals left the nursery first, and there was no obvious sex-difference in emigration rate from the nursery area. The early maturing females that are found along with those close to spawning have low growth rates and are thus not representative of all the next year's spawners, as previously suggested. Before spawning stock biomass can be realistically modelled, similar studies should also be made on the vertical component of migration and all the migration processes should be quantified.
Abstract P787: Sexually Dimorphic Gene Expression Molecular Correlates of Improvement in Human Ischemic Stroke (2021)

Objective: Ischemic stroke (IS) is sexually dimorphic for risk factors, age, heritability, causes, treatment, and outcome. We identified transcriptional correlates with 90-day outcome that differed between male and female IS subjects. Methods: RNA from 72 samples from 2 peripheral blood draws (at ≤3 and 24h post IS onset) was analyzed on Affymetrix U133 Plus 2 microarrays. These represented samples from 36 CLEAR trial IS patients treated with tPA with or without eptifibatide after the first blood sample within 3 hours of stroke onset. Changes in gene expression levels (deltaGE) between 3h and 24h were calculated and the association with percent NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) improvement from 3h to 90 days (% Improvement) examined. We used mixed-effects linear regression, including Treatment, Age, Sex, Vascular Risk Factors, 3h NIHSS, % Improvement, and a Sex * % Improvement interaction. Sex differences in association of gene expression with % Improvement were determined by examining the Sex * % Improvement interaction term, p&lt;0.005 was considered statistically significant. Results: 577 genes correlated differently with % Improvement in IS males and females. These included matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which play a major role in BBB dysfunction and outcomes post IS. MMP11 , MMP14 and MM17 correlated with % Improvement in opposite direction in males and females. Inflammatory genes like IL-27 , implicated in infarct volume and stroke outcome, and ABC transporters ( ABCC9 ) also had opposite correlation with % Improvement in males and females. Calmodulin 1 ( CAML1 ) was also sexually dimorphic, and a SNP in CALM1 has been implicated in IS risk and blood coagulation in female IS patients. EIF2 signaling, a major protein synthesis pathway was activated in males (adj. p = 1e-8), while suppressed in females (adj. p value = 1e-9). Protein synthesis and associated unfolded protein response cascade have previously been implicated in stroke outcome. Conclusions: The identified sexually dimorphic gene expression associated with 90-day improvement might relate to sex differences in blood immune and clotting pathways. The findings expand our understanding of the genomic underpinnings associated with stroke outcome and may serve as potential sex-specific treatment targets.
Immediate Allergic Reactions to Gadolinium-based Contrast Agents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2017)

Purpose To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine if there are differences in rates of immediate allergic events between classes of gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs). Materials and Methods PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched for studies in which rates of immediate adverse events to GBCAs were reported. The American College of Radiology classification system was used to characterize allergic-like events as mild, moderate, or severe, and the total number of administrations of each GBCA was recorded. Where necessary, authors of studies were contacted to clarify data and eliminate physiologic reactions. Relative risks of GBCA types were estimated by using the Mantel-Haenszel type method. Results Nine studies in which immediate reactions to GBCA were recorded from a total of 716 978 administrations of GBCA met the criteria for inclusion and exclusion. The overall rate of patients who had immediate allergic-like reactions was 9.2 per 10 000 administrations and the overall rate of severe immediate allergic-like reactions was 0.52 per 10 000 administrations.. The nonionic linear chelate gadodiamide had the lowest rate of reactions, at 1.5 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.74, 2.4) per 10 000 administrations, which was significantly less than that of linear ionic GBCAs at 8.3 (95% CI: 7.5, 9.2) per 10 000 administrations (relative risk, 0.19 [95% CI: 0.099, 0.36]; P < .00001) and less than that for nonionic macrocyclic GBCAs at 16 (95% CI: 14, 19) per 10 000 administrations (relative risk, 0.12 [95% CI: 0.05, 0.31]; P < .001). GBCAs known to be associated with protein binding had a higher rate of reactions, at 17 (95% CI: 15, 20) per 10 000 administrations compared with the same chelate classification without protein binding, at 5.2 (95% CI: 4.5, 6.0) per 10 000 administrations (relative risk, 3.1 [95% CI: 2.4, 3.8]; P < .0001). Conclusion These data show the lowest rate of immediate allergic adverse events with use of the nonionic linear GBCA gadodiamide in comparison with those of ionic linear or nonionic macrocyclic GBCAs. A higher rate of immediate allergic adverse events was associated with ionicity, protein binding, and macrocyclic structure. <sup>©</sup> RSNA, 2017 An earlier incorrect version of this article appeared online. This article was corrected on August 31, 2017.
Learning Bias-Invariant Representation by Cross-Sample Mutual Information Minimization (2021)

Deep learning algorithms mine knowledge from the training data and thus would likely inherit the dataset’s bias information. As a result, the obtained model would generalize poorly and even mislead the decision process in real-life applications. We propose to remove the bias information misused by the target task with a crosssample adversarial debiasing (CSAD) method. CSAD explicitly extracts target and bias features disentangled from the latent representation generated by a feature extractor and then learns to discover and remove the correlation between the target and bias features. The correlation measurement plays a critical role in adversarial debiasing and is conducted by a cross-sample neural mutual information estimator. Moreover, we propose joint content and local structural representation learning to boost mutual information estimation for better performance. We conduct thorough experiments on publicly available datasets to validate the advantages of the proposed method over state-of-the-art approaches.
Role of Acid Sphingomyelinase of Kupffer Cells in Cholestatic Liver Injury in Mice (2009)

Kupffer cells have a protective role for hepatocyte damage and promote cell survival, liver regeneration, and fibrosis in cholestatic liver disease. Kupffer cell-derived ASMase is crucial for AKT activation of hepatocytes that is required for the survival and regenerative responses.
ChemInform Abstract: CHLORAL IMINE (N‐(2,2,2‐TRICHLOROETHYLIDENE)‐AMINE) (1984)

Abstract Die aus primären Aminen (I) und Chloral (II) zugänglichen Aminole (III) werden mit Thionylchlorid zu Chloraliminen (IV) dehydratisiert.
A scalable architecture for 2-D discrete wavelet transform (2002)

We propose an efficient and simple systolic-like architecture for VLSI implementation of a 2-D discrete wavelet transform (DWT). The "approximation" and "detailed" components of a signal are computed simultaneously in the first octave and alternately in the other octave(s). Each processing element has its own local memory for storing intermediate data and minimum routing requirement limited only to its neighbors. The proposed architecture uses the same clock frequency for every octave level and has a 100% utilization for j=2 architecture, and N/sup 2/+N period cycle. The architecture is scalable for different filter lengths (divisible by 2) and different octave levels.
The trans-Spliceosomal U4 RNA from the Monogenetic Trypanosomatid Leptomonas collosoma (2000)

U4 small nuclear RNA is essential for trans-splicing. Here we report the cloning of U4 snRNA gene from Leptomonas collosoma and analysis of elements controlling its expression. The trypanosome U4 RNA is the smallest known, it carries an Sm-like site, and has the potential for extensive intermolecular base pairing with the U6 RNA. Sequence analysis of the U4 locus indicates the presence of a tRNA-like element 86 base pairs upstream of the gene that is divergently transcribed to yield a stable small tRNA-like RNA. Two additional tRNA genes, tRNA(Pro) and tRNA(Gly), were found upstream of this element. By stable expression of a tagged U4 RNA, we demonstrate that the tRNA-like gene, but not the upstream tRNA genes, is essential for U4 expression and that the B box but not the A Box of the tRNA-like gene is crucial for expression in vivo. Mapping the 2'-O-methyl groups on U4 and U6 small nuclear RNAs suggests the presence of modifications in canonical positions. However, the number of modified nucleotides is fewer than in mammalian homologues. The U4 genomic organization including both tRNA-like and tRNA genes may represent a relic whereby trypanosomatids "hired" tRNA genes to provide extragenic promoter elements. The close proximity of tRNA genes to the tRNA-like molecule in the U4 locus further suggests that the tRNA-like gene may have evolved from a tRNA member of this cluster.
A Measurement Method for Determining the Direction of Propagation of Flicker and for Tracing a Flicker Source. (2007)

This paper describes a new and highly efficient measurement method (algorithm) that determines how flicker propagates throughout the network and also traces the dominant flicker source. The fundamental principle of the method is to use the fact that a flicker source produces an amplitude modulation in the voltage and current waveforms. The low frequency variations in voltage and current that cause flicker are retrieved in a demodulation and filtering process. By first multiplying the low frequency variations in voltage and current and then integrate, a new quantity, flicker power, is achieved. The sign and the magnitude of flicker power give the direction to the flicker source as well as tracing the dominating flicker source.
Poly(ethylenimine)-mediated transfection: A new paradigm for gene delivery (2000)

Poly(ethylenimine) (PEI) is a synthetic polycation that has been used successfully for gene delivery both in vitro and in vivo due, in theory, to a form of protection that is afforded to the carried plasmids. In this study the stability of PEI/DNA complexes was demonstrated using deoxyribonuclease (DNase) 1 and DNase 2, various levels of pH, and increasing exposure times. DNA that was complexed with PEI was not degraded when exposed to at least 25 Units of either enzyme for 24 h while uncomplexed forms of the same plasmid were digested when exposed to 0.010 Units of DNase 1 for 0.05 h or 0. 003 Units of DNase 2 for 1 h. For further comparison, the stability of complexes made with poly(L-lysine) (PLL) and DNA was examined and found to be lower than that of PEI/DNA complexes; PLL-complexed DNA was digested on exposure to 1.25 Units of DNase 1 for 3 min. Cells were transfected with PEI/DNA complexes and, by using a pH indicator and optical recording techniques, it was found that the normal lysosomal pH value of 5.0 was not altered, bringing into question PEI's hypothesized lysosomal entry. Confocal microscopy showed that PEI/DNA complexes and lysosomes do not merge during transfection (although PLL/DNA complexes do). The lack of lysosomal involvement in PEI-mediated transfection is surprising because it goes against the conventional wisdom that has attempted to explain how PEI functions during transfection. PEI forms a stable complex with DNA, which moves from endocytosis to nuclear entry without significant cellular obstacles.
Revisiting the Training of Very Deep Neural Networks without Skip Connections (2021)

Deep neural networks (DNNs) with many layers of feature representations yield state-of-the-art results on several difficult learning tasks. However, optimizing very deep DNNs without shortcut connections known as PlainNets, is a notoriously hard problem. Considering the growing interest in this area, this paper investigates holistically two scenarios that plague the training of very deep PlainNets: (1) the relatively popular challenge of `vanishing and exploding units' activations', and (2) the less investigated `singularity' problem, which is studied in details in this paper. In contrast to earlier works that study only the saturation and explosion of units' activations in isolation, this paper harmonizes the inconspicuous coexistence of the aforementioned problems for very deep PlainNets. Particularly, we argue that the aforementioned problems would have to be tackled simultaneously for the successful training of very deep PlainNets. Finally, different techniques that can be employed for tackling the optimization problem are discussed, and a specific combination of simple techniques that allows the successful training of PlainNets having up to 100 layers is demonstrated.
A 6.5 GHz CMOS FSK modulator for wireless sensor applications (2003)

A 6.5 GHz FSK modulator suitable for low power wireless sensor network is presented. The modulator employs closed loop direct VCO modulation to achieve high data rate, variable loop bandwidth technique for fast start-up rates and /spl Sigma/-/spl Delta/ for reduced power consumption in the divider with fine resolution in channel selection. The synthesizer, implemented in 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS, achieves 20 /spl mu/s start-up time with an effective data rate of 2.5 Mbps while consuming 22 mW.
A transient expression assay for the in planta efficacy screening of an antimicrobial peptide against grapevine bacterial pathogens (2012)

D4E1 is a promising candidate to confer enhanced resistance against the two tested grapevine bacterial pathogens, and the applied transient expression system proved to be a valuable tool for prescreening of D4E1 efficacy in an in planta environment. The described prescreening procedure can be used for other AMPs and might be adapted to other plant species and pathogens before the expensive and tedious development of stably transgenic lines is started.
[Bronchial resistance and its determining factors in middle and old age]. (1994)

In 65 apparently healthy elderly and old subjects (aged 60-89) and 26 young ones (aged 18-35) the bronchial resistance (Raw) was determined by means of simultaneous recording of esophageal pressure and a pneumotachogram. In the aged an increase of Raw, especially during expiration, and a decrease in specific conductance of lungs were found. In the group of young subjects the Raw was increased in women. In the aged the sex differences in Raw were levelled.
Magnetic anisotropy in (Ga,Mn)As probed by magnetotransport measurements (2006)

In-plane magnetic anisotropy of a (Ga,Mn)As film has been investigated by measuring anisotropic magnetoresistance as a function of the direction of in-plane magnetic fields. Two Hall bars with channel direction [-110] or [100] were fabricated to detect the in-plane magnetization reversal process from both the longitudinal and the transverse components of anisotropic magnetoresistance. The results show the coexistence of cubic 〈100〉 easy axes and uniaxial [100] hard axis. The data are fitted well by a coherent magnetization model. Temperature dependence of the in-plane anisotropic fields, determined both by the magnetotransport measurements and by ferromagnetic resonance, is presented. (© 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
GALT Protein Database: Querying Structural and Functional Features of GALT Enzyme (2014)

Knowledge of the impact of variations on protein structure can enhance the comprehension of the mechanisms of genetic diseases related to that protein. Here, we present a new version of GALT Protein Database, a Web-accessible data repository for the storage and interrogation of structural effects of variations of the enzyme galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase (GALT), the impairment of which leads to classic Galactosemia, a rare genetic disease. This new version of this database now contains the models of 201 missense variants of GALT enzyme, including heterozygous variants, and it allows users not only to retrieve information about the missense variations affecting this protein, but also to investigate their impact on substrate binding, intersubunit interactions, stability, and other structural features. In addition, it allows the interactive visualization of the models of variants collected into the database. We have developed additional tools to improve the use of the database by nonspecialized users. This Web-accessible database (http://bioinformatica.isa.cnr.it/GALT/GALT2.0) represents a model of tools potentially suitable for application to other proteins that are involved in human pathologies and that are subjected to genetic variations.