gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
16S Ribosomal RNA PCR Versus Conventional Diagnostic Culture in the Investigation of Suspected Bacterial Keratitis (2020)

16S rRNA gene PCR should be developed to become an additional part of clinical service for patients with bacterial keratitis rather than used in isolation.
Can You Trust Zero Trust? (2022)

Developing and sustaining a “zero-trust architecture” is essentially impossible today. The concept is currently a moving target, and its meaning is in the eye of the beholder. One thing we know for certain is that it’s a misnomer.
Screening of four Cyclopia (honeybush) species for putative phyto-oestrogenic activity by oestrogen receptor binding assays (2007)

Phyto-oestrogens mediate an oestrogenic effect through binding to the oestrogen receptor (ER) subtypes, ERα and ERβ. Four commercially available Cyclopia (honeybush) species - C. intermedia, C. subternata, C. genistoides and C. sessiliflora - together with nine commercially obtainable polyphenols present in some or all of the species, were screened for phyto-oestrogenic activity, using a competitive whole-cell ER binding assay. Only naringenin, formononetin and luteolin were able significantly to displace 3H-E2 from hERα, whereas luteolin, naringenin, formononetin, eriodictyol, narirutin and eriocitrin displaced 3H-E2 from hERβ. Mangiferin, hesperidin and hesperetin did not bind to either receptor subtype. To our knowledge, this is the first time that binding of eriodictyol, eriocitrin and narirutin to the hERβ has been shown. Furthermore, both aqueous and methanol extracts from three independent harvestings of each Cyclopia species were screened. The results suggest that C. genistoides and C. subternata display significant phyto-oestrogenic activity and that methanol extracts from 'unfermented' (unoxidized) plant material generally display greater activity. Great variation exists within a species, however, with one C. genistoides harvesting displacing 3H-E2 from both ER subtypes, while another harvesting displaced 3H-E2 from only hERβ, and a third did not displace 3H-E2 from either receptor subtype.
Stereochemistry and Biogenesis of Serratinine (1968)

The stereochemistry of serratinine containing its absolute configuration (E) has been established. The tentative biogenesis of serratinine from lycodoline type alkaloid has been also proposed.
Actions of anti-Mullerian hormone on the ovarian transcriptome to inhibit primordial to primary follicle transition (2007)

The oocytes found within the primordial follicles of mammalian ovaries remain quiescent for months to years until they receive the appropriate signals to undergo the primordial to primary follicle transition and initiate folliculogenesis. The molecular mechanisms and extracellular signaling factors that regulate this process remain to be fully elucidated. The current study investigates the mechanisms utilized by anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH; i.e. Müllerian inhibitory substance) to inhibit the primordial to primary follicle transition. Ovaries from 4-day-old rats were placed into organ culture and incubated in the absence or presence of AMH, either alone or in combination with known stimulators of follicle transition, including basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), kit ligand (KITL), or keratinocyte growth factor (KGF). Following 10 days of culture, the ovaries were sectioned, stained, and morphologically evaluated to determine the percentage of primordial versus developing follicles. As previously demonstrated, AMH treatment decreased primordial to primary follicle transition. Interestingly, AMH inhibited the stimulatory actions of KITL, bFGF, and KGF. Therefore, AMH can inhibit the basal and stimulated development of primordial follicles. To investigate the mechanism of AMH actions, the influence AMH has on the ovarian transcriptome was analyzed. AMH treatment when compared with controls was found to alter the expression of 707 genes. The overall effect of AMH exposure is to decrease the expression of stimulatory factors, increase the expression of inhibitory factors, and regulate cellular pathways (e.g. transforming growth factor beta signaling pathway) that result in the inhibition of primordial follicle development. Analysis of the regulatory factors and cellular pathways altered by AMH provides a better understanding of the molecular control of primordial follicle development.
Differences in Diffusion Tensor Imaging–Derived Metrics in the Corpus Callosum of Patients With Multiple Sclerosis Without and With Gadolinium-Enhancing Cerebral Lesions (2012)

Patients with SPMS with enhancing lesions may be at increased risk for neuronal damage compared to nonenhancing SPMS and RRMS subtypes.
Phase Control of Nanocrystalline Inclusions in Bioprecipitated Titania with a Panel of Mutant Silica-Binding Proteins (2020)

The biomimetic route to inorganic synthesis presents an opportunity to produce complex materials with superior properties under ambient conditions and from nontoxic precursors. While there has been significant progress in using solid-binding peptides (SBPs), proteins, and organisms to produce a variety of inorganic and hybrid structures, it has been more challenging to understand the interplay of solution conditions and solid-binding peptide (SBP) sequence, structure, and self-association on synthetic outcomes. Here, we show that fusing the Car9 silica-binding peptide-but not the silaffin-derived R5 peptide-to superfolder green fluorescent protein (sfGFP) enhances the ability of micromolar concentrations of protein to induce rapid titania (TiO<sub>2</sub>) precipitation from acidified solutions of tetrakis(di-lactato)-oxo-titanate (TiBALDH). TiO<sub>2</sub> is produced stoichiometrically and although predominantly amorphous, contains nanosized anatase and monoclinic TiO<sub>2</sub>(<i>B</i>) inclusions. Remarkably, the phase of these nanocrystallites can be tuned from about 80% TiO<sub>2</sub>(<i>B</i>) to about 65% anatase by using Car9 mutants impaired in their ability to drive the formation of higher-order sfGFP-Car9 oligomers. Our results suggest that the presentation of multiple basic side chains in an extended plane formed by SBP self-association is critical to template the formation of monoclinic crystallites and underscore the subtle influence that single or dual substitutions in dodecameric SBPs can exert on the yield and crystallinity of biomineralized inorganics.
Efficient Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Ionic Esterified Amino Acids (2011)

In this work, an efficient microwave-assisted methodology for the esterification of unprotected α-amino acids is described. Ionic esterified amino acids were synthesized in satisfactory yields in a facile one-pot solventless protocol from unprotected amino acids and alcohols under acid catalysis (MsOH or p-TsOH) to afford the pure products after a simple work-up procedure. This procedure can also be extended to the preparation of long and short chain alkyl and benzyl esters.
Kappa opioid receptor activation alleviates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and promotes oligodendrocyte-mediated remyelination (2016)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by autoimmune damage to the central nervous system. All the current drugs for MS target the immune system. Although effective in reducing new lesions, they have limited effects in preventing the progression of disability. Promoting oligodendrocyte-mediated remyelination and recovery of neurons are the new directions of MS therapy. The endogenous opioid system, consisting of MOR, DOR, KOR and their ligands, has been suggested to participate in the pathogenesis of MS. However, the exact receptor and mechanism remain elusive. Here we show that genetic deletion of KOR exacerbates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, whereas activating KOR with agonists alleviates the symptoms. KOR does not affect immune cell differentiation and function. Instead, it promotes oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination both in vitro and in vivo. Our study suggests that targeting KOR might be an intriguing way to develop new MS therapies that may complement the existing immunosuppressive approaches.
The initiative to Link Animal Models to Human DIsease (LAMHDI) (144.12) (2010)

Abstract We report a new Web-based resource (LAMHDI) integrating information about animal models for human disease research. This NCRR supported resource provides a simple interface to existing animal model information for the biomedical research community. It provides more efficient access to animal model information, better categorizes and organizes existing data, facilitates interactions between researchers and resource providers, and promotes broader and more applicable use of animal models for human disease research. Approach Phase 1: A first-generation prototype is available at www.LAMHDI.org. This portal provides searchable access to existing mouse and zebrafish databases through an integrated search engine, as well as linked access to information about a variety of other species including nonhuman primates and rats. The portal also allows researchers to contribute data on animal models, thereby extending the impact of existing information through direct posting by the research community. Phase 2: The second generation will add extensive new information for additional animal model species and will increase the depth and connectivity of the data through development of semantic datastores. A sophisticated software architecture will support intelligent relational searches across diverse datasets to highlight associations between diseases, animal models, and biologic pathways.
Nucleation of dislocation loops in strained epitaxial layers (1995)

The combined effect of the misfit strain and the strain caused by a neighboring defect on the activation energy of nucleation of dislocation loops is calculated. Defects of different sizes and shapes and located at different distances from the loop are considered. At very low mismatches (&amp;lt;0.5%) and with very small defects, the activation energy is not sufficiently reduced and large layer thicknesses are required for nucleation. At mismatches of 1% or more, and with defect sizes of 1.5 nm or larger, heterogeneous nucleation at growth temperatures becomes possible. These defects are more efficient in reducing the energy when they are at the center of the loop. Though impurities located within the core of the dislocations can reduce the core parameter substantially and therefore reduce the activation energy, in practice this is unlikely to occur. Very large defects such as SiO2 and SiC precipitates reduce the activation energy of nucleation over large distances thereby inducing the nucleation of several loops which results in very rapid relaxation of strain. In highly mismatched layers (4%–8%) homogeneous nucleation occurs at about 400–500 °C. Why the periodic arrangement of misfit dislocations is observed only in the highly mismatched layers is explained.
Effects of Growth Factors and Extracellular Matrix on Survival of Human Airway Smooth Muscle Cells (2001)

Airway remodeling complicates longstanding asthma. It is characterized by an increase in the number of airway smooth muscle cells (SMCs) as well as an increase in and alteration of the type of extra-cellular matrix (ECM) in the airways. Although the number of SMCs in the airways depends on the balance of cell proliferation and cell death, studies to date have concentrated on factors affecting SMC proliferation. Here we report the first study on airway SMC survival factors: these cells receive a strong survival signal, which is not dependent on the known growth factor mitogens. We identified the ECM factors fibronectin, laminin, and collagens I and IV as important anti-apoptotic elements, and characterized the expression of the ECM receptors (integrins) on cultured SMC. Functionally blocking antibody and peptide studies revealed the alpha(5)beta(1) integrin to be an important transducer of the ECM-derived survival signal in these cells. Confocal microscopy confirmed the striking effects that discrete ECM factors have on SMC phenotype, notably the cytoskeleton. In summary, our data improves the understanding of the mechanisms underlying airway remodeling by outlining the key survival factors for airway SMC and by highlighting the impact of the cell-matrix interactions on cell death and phenotype.
<title>Two-dimensional and three-dimensional tissue-type imaging of the prostate based on ultrasonic spectrum analysis and neural network classification</title> (2000)

Spectrum analysis of ultrasonic radio-frequency echo signals has proven to be an effective means of characterizing tissues of the eye and liver, thrombi, plaque, etc. Such characterization can be of value in detecting, differentiating, and monitoring disease. In some clinical applications, linear methods of tissue classification cannot adequately differentiate among the various manifestations of cancerous and non-cancerous tissue; in these cases, non-linear methods, such as neural-networks, are required for tissue typing. Combining spectrum-analysis methods for quantitatively characterizing tissue properties with neural-network methods for classifying tissue, a powerful new means of guiding biopsies, targeting therapy, and monitoring treatment may be available. Current studies are investigating potential applications of these methods that use novel tissue-typing images presented in two and three dimensions. Results to date show significant sensitivity improvements of possible benefit in cancer detection and effective tissue-type imaging that promise improved means of planning and monitoring treatment of prostate cancer.
Utilisation of the falciform ligament pedicle flap as an alternative approach for the repair of a perforated gastric ulcer (2016)

An 83-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with sudden onset of severe abdominal pain. She had a background of ulcerative colitis managed surgically at the age of 18 years with panproctocolectomy and permanent ileostomy. On admission, clinical assessment suggested a visceral perforation and an urgent CT scan demonstrated a perforated prepyloric ulcer. Emergency laparotomy was performed and confirmed a 3 cm perforated pre-pyloric ulcer. Repair of the defect was challenging due to the absence of omental fat to patch the perforation. A modification to the standard technique was therefore performed: the falciform ligament was mobilised and its free end used as a patch to repair the defect. The patient made a good postoperative recovery. This case report highlights an alternative operative technique for the treatment of perforated gastric/duodenal ulcers in patients who lack omentum, or when omentum cannot be used to cover perforated gastroduodenal ulcers.
Single-Scale Retinex Using Digital Signal Processors (2005)

nasa.gov as.wm.edu nasa.gov nasa.gov The Retinex is an image enhancement algorithm that improves the brightness, contrast and sharpness of an image. It performs a non-linear spatial/spectral transform that provides simultaneous dynamic range compression and color constancy. It has been used for a wide variety of applications ranging from avi-ation safety to general purpose photography. Many potential applications require the use of Retinex pro-cessing at video frame rates. This is difficult to achieve with general purpose processors because the algorithm contains a large number of complex com-putations and data transfers. In addition, many of these applications also constrain the potential archi-tectures to embedded processors to save power, weight and cost. Thus we have focused on digital signal pro-cessors (DSPs) and field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) as potential solutions for real-time Retinex processing. In previous efforts we attained a 21 (full) frame per second (fps) processing rate for the single-scale monochromatic Retinex with a TMS320C6711 DSP operating at 150 MHz. This was achieved af-ter several significant code improvements and opti-mizations. Since then we have migrated our design to the slightly more powerful TMS320C6713 DSP and the fixed point TMS320DM642 DSP. In this paper we briefly discuss the Retinex algorithm, the performance of the algorithm executing on the TMS320C6713 and the TMS320DM642, and compare the results with the
5-Hydroxytryptamine-Containing Fibers in Cerebral Arteries of the Cat, Rat and Guinea Pig (1989)

The distribution of serotonin-like immunoreactive (5-HT-LI) fibers in pial arteries and arteries of the choroid plexus in the cat, rat and guinea pig was examined. Weak 5-HT-LI fibers were observed in cerebral arteries when these arteries were fixed by immersion after they had been dissected from the exsanguinated animals. The 5-HT-LI fibers, however, were not detected in arteries when they were fixed in situ or in vitro after they had first been perfused with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or Krebs solution in situ to flush the blood components from the lumen prior to dissection. In these arteries, 5-HT-LI fibers with intense immunofluorescence could however be demonstrated following incubation with serotonin (5-HT) in vitro. The distribution patterns of 5-HT-LI fibers and catecholamine fluorescence fibers were found to be similar. Following bilateral superior cervical ganglionectomy, 5-HT-LI fibers were not detected in pial vessels even after incubation with 5-HT. Light-microscopic autoradiographic examination of [3H]-5-HT uptake in pial arteries showed that silver grain granules were concentrated only in the unmyelinated nerve profile in the adventitial layer. No uptake of [3H]-5-HT into smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells was found. The neuronal uptake of [3H]-5-HT was blocked by imipramine. Results from ultrastructural studies also showed that 5-HT-like immunoreactivities were found only in the axoplasm and were never detected following chronic superior cervical ganglionectomy. These results indicate that the presence of 5-HT-containing nerves in pial vessels in various species examined is due to the uptake of 5-HT into sympathetic nerves, and further support our hypothesis that cerebral pial vessels do not receive authentic serotonergic innervation. The present study also identifies the heterogeneity in characteristics of smooth muscle and endothelial cells among cerebral and peripheral arteries.
High Blocking Temperature of Magnetization and Giant Coercivity in the Azafullerene Tb2@C79N with a Single‐Electron Terbium–Terbium Bond (2019)

The azafullerene Tb<sub>2</sub> @C<sub>79</sub> N is found to be a single-molecule magnet with a high 100-s blocking temperature of magnetization of 24 K and large coercivity. Tb magnetic moments with an easy-axis single-ion magnetic anisotropy are strongly coupled by the unpaired spin of the single-electron Tb-Tb bond. Relaxation of magnetization in Tb<sub>2</sub> @C<sub>79</sub> N below 15 K proceeds via quantum tunneling of magnetization with the characteristic time τ<sub>QTM</sub> =16 462±1230 s. At higher temperature, relaxation follows the Orbach mechanism with a barrier of 757±4 K, corresponding to the excited states, in which one of the Tb spins is flipped.
Genotypic detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis rifampin resistance: comparison of single-strand conformation polymorphism and dideoxy fingerprinting (1995)

Detection of mutations in the rpoB gene of Mycobacterium tuberculosis can be used as an accurate predictor of rifampin resistance in the majority of strains tested. Simple but highly accurate screening methods must be developed for the detection of these mutations. Either DNA sequence analysis or single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) screening can be used to detect rpoB mutations, but these techniques either are expensive or yield results that may prove difficult to interpret when used in a clinical setting. This report describes the use of dideoxy fingerprinting (ddF) as a postamplification screening method to identify rifampin-resistant genotypes. The ddF protocol was performed on the amplified rpoB fragment with no preparatory steps, thus making ddF practical for laboratories equipped for polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. When compared with the results of SSCP analysis, ddF results were more easily interpreted and contained more sequence-dependent information that facilitated differentiation of functionally significant and silent mutations. The ddF method was used for genotypic determination of rifampin susceptibility of 20 multidrug-resistant strains of M. tuberculosis. The results of this analysis were concordant with DNA sequence analysis and conventional clinical laboratory methods.
Three Approaches to the Radioimmunoassay of Human β‐Thromboglobulin (1976)

S ummary . Three radioimmunoassays for the measurement of β‐thromboglobulin are described. The standard method, using antiserum in solution, could be used to measure plasma concentrations of β‐thromboglobulin with the results available after 2–3 d. The use of a greater dilution of antiserum and tracer, with delayed addition of tracer, resulted in a more sensitive assay suitable for measuring β‐thromboglobulin in urine. The use of a solid‐coupled antiserum under non‐equilibrium conditions allowed the measurement of plasma levels of β‐thromboglobulin after an assay incubation time of 1 h. These three radioimmunoassay systems for β‐thromboglobulin cover the likely clinical requirements for the measurement of this platelet specific protein.
Backside EBIRCH Defect Localization for Advanced Flip Chip Failure Analysis (2021)

Abstract This paper demonstrates a novel defect localization approach based on EBIRCH isolation conducted from the backside of flip chips. It discusses sample preparation and probing considerations and presents a case study that shows how the technique makes it possible to determine the root cause of subtle defects, such as bridging, in flip chip failures.
Can Tectonic and Fluvial Structures be Used to Date a Planetary Surface (2002)

For the first part of our investigation, we will use a new artificial intelligent (AI) software code designed to: (1) recognize craters down to two pixel resolution in size and (2) calculate crater statistics on all available Viking imagery. Additional information is contained in the original extended abstract.
Improved Flutter Boundary Prediction for an Isolated Two-Degree-of-Freedom Airfoil (2008)

A novel method of computing the flutter boundary for an isolated airfoil based on a high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics model reveals unusual behavior in a critical transonic range. Inviscid and viscous predictions of the flutter boundary for the two airfoils examined differ substantially in this critical region and become sensitive to Mach number and grid topology due to complicated shock/boundary-layer interactions. Computational fluid dynamics predictions of the flutter boundary for a NACA 0012 section airfoil are also compared with previous experimental results.
Assessment AT CT of the Rheumatoid Shoulder with Surgical Correlation (1994)

Eleven shoulders in 10 patients with rheumatoid arthritis were examined by conventional radiography and CT prior to cup hemiarthroplasty of the humeral head and the results were compared with the surgical findings. There was good agreement between preoperative CT and surgical findings. Humeral head cavities and erosions, with cortical boundaries, could be seen more accurately at CT than at conventional radiography. The HU of their contents corresponded to those of soft tissue, being granulomatous in nature at surgery. In 8 humeral heads CT disclosed large areas of fatty degeneration of bone marrow with HU between − 10 HU and − 76 HU that were not visible on the conventional radiographs. These “fatty cysts” had no cortical boundaries, unlike inflammatory granulomas, but both lesions may influence the surgical approach to hemiarthroplasty.