gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigation into anomalous total secondary electron yield for micro-porous Ag surface under oblique incidence conditions (2013)

We study the dependence of total secondary electron yield (SEY) of micro-porous silver surface on incident angle of primary electron. First, we produce regular and random micro-porous surfaces on silver plated aluminium samples by photolithography pattern process and direct chemical etching method, respectively. Second, we study the dependence of the SEY characteristics of these surfaces on the primary electron incident angle from 0° to 60°. The experimental results show that micro-porous surface with large porosity can suppress SEY effectively either for normal incidence or oblique incidence. The maximum SEY of the directly chemical etched sample can reach a 45% reduction relative to the original flat sample. We also show the anomalous experimental phenomenon that the SEY of directly chemical etched sample with large porosity does not increase with incident angle. Third, we explain the complicated SEY dependence on incident angle qualitatively by the secondary electron trapping effect in micro-pores as well as the Monte Carlo simulation based on phenomenological model of secondary electron emission. Finally, we suggest a third order polynomial formula to describe the SEY dependence on incident angle which will be useful in particle simulation. In total, we demonstrate that micro-porous surface with large porosity is effective in SEY suppression under both normal and oblique incidence and thus the proposed direct chemical etching method is prospective in related areas such as multipactor improvement.
Estimation of PCNA mRNA Stability in cell cycle by a serum‐deprivation method (1995)

A simple scheme was developed to study the mRNA stability of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) gene during cellular transition from the G1/S boundary to a quiescent state. By this scheme, CHO.K1 cells were grown to about 80% confluence and then serum-starved for 40 h for synchronization in a quiescent state. The quiescent cells were serum-stimulated for a period of time (between 8 h and 12 h) and then grown in serum-free medium until being harvested for further analyses. The cellular PCNA mRNA level was analyzed by Northern blotting. As compared with that in cells which were continuously incubated in serum-containing medium, the decline of the mRNA level, after reaching the peak, in these serum-deprived cells was virtually devoid of mRNA synthesis. Thus, this mRNA decay was taken for the measurement of mRNA stability. The advantage of the scheme is that, unlike the treatment of transcription inhibitors, it does not prevent the cells from completing the rest of the cell cycle before returning to the resting state, and so the mRNA stability observed is cell cycle dependent. In contrast with the previous report that the stability of PCNA mRNA in quiescent cells is less by severalfold than that in S phase cells, our study shows that the mRNA stability of PCNA remained constant during the cellular transition from G1/S boundary to quiescent state.
Modulation of the composition of AP-1 complex and its impact on transcriptional activity (2000)

AP-1 transcription factor known to play a role in cell proliferation and neuronal activation, it is also involved in apoptosis of cells in response to stress, DNA damaging agents or lack of survival signals. AP-1 DNA binding complex is not a single transcription factor but a dimer consisting of members of Fos and Jun families. In this review, we discuss evidence that composition of the AP-1 complex is different under various physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Furthermore, we describe biochemical properties of Fos and Jun proteins that may explain the ability of this transcription factor to activate different sets of genes in response to different stimuli. We propose a hypothesis that AP-1 might contribute to distinct biological processes because an activation of specific signaling pathways results in changes of AP-1 composition and/or phosphorylation status and modulates its transactivating potential towards different promoters.
Efficacy of Ronopterin (VAS203) in Patients with Moderate and Severe Traumatic Brain Injury (NOSTRA phase III trial): study protocol of a confirmatory, placebo-controlled, randomised, double blind, multi-centre study (2020)

EudraCT, 2013-003368-29. Registered on 9 March 2016. ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02794168. Registered on 8 June 2016. Protocol version 14.0 from 05 November 2018.
Preterm Birth Has Effects on Gut Colonization in Piglets Within the First 4 Weeks of Life (2019)

Preterm and term piglets, born and reared in similar ways, show differences in GM colonization during the first 4 weeks of life, which may play a role for early and later gut dysfunction resulting from preterm birth.
Utility of the QIAGEN/ Artus PCR Assays and Meningofinder™ for the Detection of Human Herpes Virus Genomes in Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Clinical Samples (2014)

Aim: The aim of the study was to analyze whether human herpes viruses can be detected from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues with two commercial methods. Materials & methods: In total, 91 clinical FFPE samples were analyzed with QIAGEN/artus (Hilden, Germany) qPCRs and the Meningofinder™ assay from PathoFinder (Maastricht, The Netherlands). Results: A total of 27 out of 91 samples were tested for HSV-1 and HSV-2. Three of these 27 samples (11.1%) were positive for HSV-1 and one sample was positive for HSV-2. Out of 91 samples, 50 were tested for CMV, of which six samples were positive (12%). In total, 12 out of 91 samples were tested for the presence of Varizella zoster virus DNA, revealing one as positive (8%). Finally, two samples were tested negative for EBV. Conclusion: Minor differences were identified between both assays, making them a reliable tool for detection of herpes viruses from FFPE material, although this is an off-label use for both assays.
Ozonolysis for the preparation of high oxidation-state transition-metal complexes and the crystal structure of [PPh4]2[Ru2O(μ-OCOEt)2Cl6] † (1998)

An ozone–oxygen mixture has been used to generate a number of high oxidation-state transition-metal complexes in aqueous solution at room temperature by simple and safe procedures. Species so prepared include the oxo species [OsVIIIO4], [RuVIIIO4], cis-[OsVIIIO4(OH)2]2–, trans-[OsVIO2(OH)4]2–, [RuVIIO4]–, trans-[RuVI(OH)2O3]2–, [VVO4]3– and the new complex [PPh4]2[Ru2O(µ-OCOEt)2Cl6] 1 for which the crystal structure is reported; the polyoxometalates K6[MnIVMo9O32]·10H2O, K8[MnIVW6O24]·6H2O, [NH4]2[MnIVMo6H6O24]·20H2O and Na8[CeIVW10O36]·8H2O; the chloro complexes [MIVCl6]2– (M = Pt, Pd, Ir) and [AuIIICl4]–, and manganic acetate [MnIII(OAc)3]·2H2O. Ozonolytic oxidation of coordinated benzylamine in cis-[RuII(bipy)2(NH2CH2Ph)2][PF6]2 to coordinated benzonitrile in cis-[RuII(bipy)2(NCPh)2][PF6]2 is also reported.
150: EXTRACORPOREAL CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION IN CHILDREN FOLLOWING IN-HOSPITAL CARDIAC ARREST (2016)

Poterucha, Joseph; Guru, Pramod; Haile, Dawit; Pike, Roxann; Nemergut, Michael; Aganga, Devon; Crow, Sheri; Schears, Gregory
Millimeter wave tunable power divider using modified Wilkinson design (2016)

A variable power divider operating at the millimeter wave band using a modified Wilkinson structure is proposed. It is designed to operate at the millimeter wave band (28 GHz), which is proposed for 5G mobile systems. The power divider consists of conventional Wilkinson power divider but the two branches of the input T-junction are substituted by coupled-lines. Between each coupled - lines, there is a varactor to tune the coupling factor and thus the output power. Two open-ended stubs, connected to the output ports and a chip resister are used to enhance the output matching and the isolation, respectively. The proposed design has a compact size and range of simulated power division that varies from 1:1 to 1:2 through a frequency range from 27 to 29 GHz. The return loss and isolation between the outputs are more than 10 dB across the band and tuning range.
Wave Attenuation, Mudslide, and Structural Analyses for Mississippi Delta/Main Pass Caisson (1990)

Abstract The environmental loads associated with the design of a caisson-type structure in a mudslide region are largely dependent upon the interaction of waves with the seabottom. This wave-seabottom interaction results in both an attenuation of wave energy as the waves propagate over the soft soils, as well as the generation of mudslide loads at the platform site. These effects were investigated for the design of a 14-ft-dia caisson in the Main Pass region of the Mississippi Delta. The proposed structure was planned for installation in about 100-ft water depth in very soft underconsolidated soils, typical of the Mississippi Delta region. The potential for wave attenuation was investigated analytically by considering the change in response spectra from deep water to the platform site. Regional soil conditions were used for this part of the investigation. The results obtained from the analytical modeling were in good agreement with field measurements obtained from another part of the Delta. Mudslide thicknesses were determined based on site specific soil data and the design wave for the platform site. The predicted mudslides also agreed favorably with the geological interpretations for the area. Once the design waves and mudslide thicknesses were determined, structural analyses were performed to determine the bending moments and dynamic response for the caisson. Overall, the improved analytical methodology used in the investigation and the availability of field data to verify the results allowed for a more economic platform design.
Patterns of cholinesterase staining during neural crest cell morphogenesis in mouse and chick embryos (1988)

Cholinesterase (ChE) activity has been reported previously in nonneuronal tissues of a variety of avian and mammalian embryos. We report here a comparison study of ChE staining in chick and mouse embryos. Transmission electron microscopy was used to study the distribution of this activity in neuroepithelial, neural crest, somite, and ectodermal cells. Our cytochemical studies show that the distribution of nonspecific ChE staining in these tissues during neurulation is similar in the two species but that acetylcholinesterase (AChE) staining, previously shown to be intense in the chick, is absent in the mouse; the only cells showing the presence of this enzyme at these stages of development in mouse are blood cells. However, AChE staining does appear later in the brain, in neural tissues derived from the neural crest and, perhaps, in some migratory neural crest cells. The differences between AChE distribution in these two species (and that reported previously in the rabbit) indicate that the timing of first appearance of AChE is unrelated to neuroepithelial morphogenesis or to neural crest cell motility. The correlation between nonspecific cholinesterases and morphogenetic movements, however, is supported by these studies.
Oligoclonal IgG Antibody Response in the Central Nervous System to Different Measles Virus Antigens in Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis (1973)

Agarose electrophoresis of cerebrospinal fluid from two patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis revealed in both cases several homogeneous bands in the intermediate and basic gammaglobulin region. The bands were identified as IgG with various degrees of kappa or lambda light-chain restriction in crossed immunoelectrophoresis. Homogeneous IgG bands were separated by preparative agarose electrophoresis and were found to represent measles virus-specific antibodies. Antibody activities against different virus products (hemolysin, hemagglutinin, and nucleocapsids) were carried by different populations of IgG. In both cerebrospinal fluid materials, antibodies to the virus hemolysin and to virus nucleocapsids were found to be relatively more basic than the antibodies to virus hemagglutinin, which appeared in the basic intermediate gammaglobulin region. We conclude that the oligoclonal IgG bands in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis represent homogeneous measles virus antibodies. In some instances, the IgG bands appeared to fulfill criteria of monoclonality on the basis of their electrophoretic homogeneity, selective light-chain type, and specific antibody activity.
Supplementary Data from BRAF Targeting Sensitizes Resistant Melanoma to Cytotoxic T Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure 1. Temporal regulation and the effect of combination of B-raf inhibitor on M6PR expression. Supplemental Figure 2. Effect of combination of B-raf and MEK inhibitors on M6PR expression. Supplemental Figure 3. WM35 cells resistant to PLX4720. Supplemental Figure 4. Effect of M6PR overexpression and deletion on melanoma cell sensitivity to PLX4720 in MTT test. Supplemental Figure 5. Expression of surface molecules on melanoma cells with manipulated expression of M6PR. Supplemental Table 1 Clinical characteristics of patients enrolled to the study Supplemental Table 2. Grade 3+ Adverse Events in treated patients&lt;/p&gt;
Automatic brain and tumor segmentation (2002)

Combining image segmentation based on statistical classification with a geometric prior has been shown to significantly increase robustness and reproducibility. Using a probabilistic geometric model of sought structures and image registration serves both initialization of probability density functions and definition of spatial constraints. A strong spatial prior, however, prevents segmentation of structures that are not part of the model. In practical applications, we encounter either the presentation of new objects that cannot be modeled with a spatial prior or regional intensity changes of existing structures not explained by the model. Our driving application is the segmentation of brain tissue and tumors from three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Our goal is a high-quality segmentation of healthy tissue and a precise delineation of tumor boundaries. We present an extension to an existing expectation maximization (EM) segmentation algorithm that modifies a probabilistic brain atlas with an individual subject’s information about tumor location obtained from subtraction of post- and pre-contrast MRI. The new method handles various types of pathology, spaceoccupying mass tumors and infiltrating changes like edema. Preliminary results on five cases presenting tumor types with very different characteristics demonstrate the potential of the new technique for clinical routine use for planning and monitoring in neurosurgery, radiation oncology, and radiology. I.
Genetics of Ventricular Arrhythmias (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Summary Introduction Primary electrical diseases Inherited cardiomyopathies Polygenic cardiac disease predisposing to SCD References
How did nature engineer the highest surface lipid accumulation among plants? Exceptional expression of acyl-lipid-associated genes for the assembly of extracellular triacylglycerol by Bayberry (Myrica pensylvanica) fruits (2016)

Bayberry (Myrica pensylvanica) fruits are covered with a remarkably thick layer of crystalline wax consisting of triacylglycerol (TAG) and diacylglycerol (DAG) esterified exclusively with saturated fatty acids. As the only plant known to accumulate soluble glycerolipids as a major component of surface waxes, Bayberry represents a novel system to investigate neutral lipid biosynthesis and lipid secretion by vegetative plant cells. The assembly of Bayberry wax is distinct from conventional TAG and other surface waxes, and instead proceeds through a pathway related to cutin synthesis (Simpson and Ohlrogge, 2016). In this study, microscopic examination revealed that the fruit tissue that produces and secretes wax (Bayberry knobs) is fully developed before wax accumulates and that wax is secreted to the surface without cell disruption. Comparison of transcript expression to genetically related tissues (Bayberry leaves, M. rubra fruits), cutin-rich tomato and cherry fruit epidermis, and to oil-rich mesocarp and seeds, revealed exceptionally high expression of 13 transcripts for acyl-lipid metabolism together with down-regulation of fatty acid oxidases and desaturases. The predicted protein sequences of the most highly expressed lipid-related enzyme-encoding transcripts in Bayberry knobs are 100% identical to the sequences from Bayberry leaves, which do not produce surface DAG or TAG. Together, these results indicate that TAG biosynthesis and secretion in Bayberry is achieved by both up and down-regulation of a small subset of genes related to the biosynthesis of cutin and saturated fatty acids, and also implies that modifications in gene expression, rather than evolution of new gene functions, was the major mechanism by which Bayberry evolved its specialized lipid metabolism. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Plant Lipid Biology edited by Kent D. Chapman and Ivo Feussner.
Heterogeneity Influence on Electric Field Induced Piezoelectric Microfracture (2005)

Spatial variations in piezoelectric material properties can influence localized residual stresses under electro-mechanical loading, which has been shown to contribute to microfractures (Jiang, Q., Subbarao, E.C. and Cross, L.E. 1994. ''Grain Size Dependence of Electric Fatigue Behavior of Hot Pressed PLZT Ferroelectric Ceramics,'' Acta Metall. Mater., 42(11):3687–3694; Lynch, C.S. 1998. ''Fracture of Ferroelectric and Relaxor Electro-ceramics: Influences of Electric Field,'' Acta Mater., 46(2):599–608; Wang, Z., Jiang, Q., White, G.S. and Richardson, A.K. 1998. ''Processing Flaws in PZT Transducer Rings,'' Smart Mater. Struct., 7:867–873). The effect of residual stress on piezoelectric microfracture has been modeled by introducing a crack at the edge of a piezoelectric elliptic inclusion with dissimilar piezoelectric matrix material properties. Piezoelectric weight functions were used to assess changes in intensity factors and energy release rates when an inclusion is present. The shape of the elliptic inclusion is shown to have an effect on local driving forces. Additionally, comparison of impermeable and permeable crack face boundary conditions illustrate the importance of applying the more 'physical' permeable conditions to achieve positive flaw-localized driving forces under electrical loading.
Improved empirical methods in reinforcement-learning evaluation (2015)

The central question addressed in this research is ”can we define evaluation methodologies that encourage reinforcement-learning (RL) algorithms to work effectively with real-life data?” First, we address the problem of overfitting. RL algorithms are often tweaked and tuned to specific environments when applied, calling into question whether learning algorithms that work for one environment will work for others. We propose a methodology to evaluate algorithms on distributions of environments, as opposed to a single environment. We also develop a formal framework for characterizing the ”capacity” of a space of parameterized RL algorithms and bound the generalization error of a set of algorithms on a distribution of RL environments given a sample of environments. Second, we develop a method for evaluating RL algorithms offline using a static collection of data. Our motivation is that real-life applications of RL often have properties that make online evaluation expensive (such as driving a robot car), ethically questionable (such as treating a disease), or simply impractical (such as challenging a human chess master). We compared several offline evaluation metrics and found our new metric (”relative Bellman update error”) addresses shortcomings in more standard approaches. Third, we examine the problem of evaluating behavior policies for individuals using observational data. Our focus is on quantifying the uncertainty that arises from multiple sources: population mismatch, data sparsity, and intrinsic stochasticity. We have applied our method to a collection of HIV treatment and non-profit fund-raising appeals data.
Détection et quantification de la pollution dans le réseau P2P KAD (2011)

Ce rapport présente les résultats des travaux menés durant le troisième trimestre (T0+9) du projet GIS 3SGS ACDAP2P dont l'objectif est de proposer une architecture collaborative pour la détection d'attaques dans les réseaux pair à pair. Nous introduisons tout d'abord ce rapport en situant nos travaux courants par rapport à la problématique de la pollution dans les réseaux P2P et proposons une classification des quelques études précédentes réalisées dans ce domaine. Nous décrivons ensuite une forme particulière de pollution affectant le réseau KAD et présentons notre solution capable d'évaluer la pollution d'un fichier partagé au sein de ce réseau. Cette première contribution théorique consiste d'une part en l'analyse de l'architecture de KAD afin de permettre l'obtention des informations révélant la pollution, et d'autre part, en la conception d'une métrique capable de d'appréhender ces informations afin d'y détecter la pollution. Dans un second temps, nous procédons à la validation expérimentale de notre métrique et à la quantification de la pollution. Nous collectons ainsi les informations concernant 2000 fichiers populaires au sein du réseau et utilisons un échantillon de ces données afin de confronter notre métrique à l'avis d'experts. Une fois notre métrique validée, nous montrons que la grande majorité des fichiers populaires de KAD sont pollués et pointent vers des contenus indésirables, notamment pornographiques.
A Study of the Refractory Borides (1951)

The phases of the binary systems of boron with Ce, Ti, Zr, Nb, Ta, Mo, W, Th, and U were determined by X‐ray examination of samples prepared by heating various mixtures of boron and the respective metal to elevated temperatures in an atmosphere of argon. Data were obtained on the sintering behavior and stability at high temperatures of many of the phases. Several phases have promising refractory properties for use under inert or reducing conditions.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Comprehensive Monosynaptic Rabies Virus Mapping of Host Connectivity with Neural Progenitor Grafts after Spinal Cord Injury. (2020)

Neural progenitor cells grafted to sites of spinal cord injury have supported electrophysiological and functional recovery in several studies. Mechanisms associated with graft-related improvements in outcome appear dependent on functional synaptic integration of graft and host systems, although the extent and diversity of synaptic integration of grafts with hosts are unknown. Using transgenic mouse spinal neural progenitor cell grafts expressing the TVA and G-protein components of the modified rabies virus system, we initiated monosynaptic tracing strictly from graft neurons placed in sites of cervical spinal cord injury. We find that graft neurons receive synaptic inputs from virtually every known host system that normally innervates the spinal cord, including numerous cortical, brainstem, spinal cord, and dorsal root ganglia inputs. Thus, implanted neural progenitor cells receive an extensive range of host neural inputs to the injury site, potentially enabling functional restoration across multiple systems.