gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
AVE0991, a Nonpeptide Angiotensin 1-7 Receptor Agonist, Improves Glucose Metabolism in the Skeletal Muscle of Obese Zucker Rats: Possible Involvement of Prooxidant/Antioxidant Mechanisms (2020)

Angiotensin 1-7 (Ang 1-7) enhances insulin signaling and glucose transport activity in the skeletal muscle. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of AVE0991, a nonpeptide Mas receptor agonist, on the metabolic parameters, expression of RAS components and markers of oxidative stress, and insulin signaling in the skeletal morbidly obese rats. 33-week-old male obese Zucker rats were treated with vehicle and AVE0991 (0.5 mg/kg BW/day) via osmotic minipumps for two weeks. Gene expressions were determined by qPCR and/or Western blot analysis in musculus quadriceps. The enzymatic activities were detected flourometrically (aminopeptidase A) or by colorimetric assay kit (protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B). Administration of AVE0991 enhanced insulin signaling cascade in the skeletal muscle, reflected by improved whole-body glucose tolerance. It has been shown that reactive oxygen species (ROS) have insulin-mimetic action in muscle. The expression of renin receptor, transcription factor PLZF, and prooxidant genes was upregulated by AVE0991 accompanied by elevated expression of genes coding enzymes with antioxidant action. Our results show that AVE0991 administration activates genes involved in both ROS generation and clearance establishing a new prooxidant/antioxidant balance on a higher level, which might contribute to the improved insulin signaling pathway and glucose tolerance of obese Zucker rats.
NIGHTTIME LIGHT: A POTENTIAL PROXY FOR LOCAL NOCTURNAL URBAN HEAT ISLAND INTENSITY IN SEOUL (2023)

ABSTRACT Nighttime light (NTL) imagery provides valuable information for monitoring urban development, human activity, and, consequently, urban thermal environments. However, only a few studies have attempted to directly draw linkages between NTL and urban heat island (UHI) formation. Establishing associations between NTL and UHI indicators could potentially ease the process of identifying heightened thermal environments and thus pinpointing urban hotspots in need of policy interventions and strategic mitigation measures. In the present study, through clustering and correlation analysis, we study ties between NTL, surface urban heat island intensity (SUHII) and atmospheric urban heat island intensity (AUHII) in Seoul. NTL data was derived from the Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership-Visible and Infrared imager/Radiometer Suite (SNPP-VIIRS), while SUHII data was obtained from the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite instrument. Additionally, AUHII was computed from archived weather data collected from multiple automatic weather stations (AWSs) in Seoul. Our results show that NTL is highly positively correlated with SUHII (R &gt; 0.86, p &lt; 0.05) and AUHII (R &gt; 0.68, p &lt; 0.05). The findings highlight the potential usage of NTL as a proxy for UHI formation, simplifying the process of identifying heightened thermal areas in Seoul that may require rapid policy intervention.
Synthesis of 1,2-dimethylpyrene, 1,3-dimethylpyrene and 1,2,3-trimethylpyrene (1991)

M. A. Hempenius, J. Lugtenburg and J. Cornelisse, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1991, 635 DOI: 10.1039/P19910000635
Proton-Transfer Processes in Well-Defined Media:  Experimental Investigation of Photoinduced and Thermal Proton-Transfer Processes in Single Crystals of 2-(2,4-Dinitrobenzyl)pyridine Derivatives (1996)

A detailed spectroscopic study of photoinduced and thermally activated proton-transfer processes for a series of different crystals of 2-(2,4-dinitrobenzyl)pyridine derivatives has been performed. The quantitative analysis of ground- and excited-state activation barriers and preexponential factors in deuterated and nondeuterated crystals shows clearly that the observed photochromism is linked to a proton-transfer process. Furthermore, it is clearly seen that the supramolecular environment of the transferred proton participates in the proton-transfer process. These supramolecular effects control the relative rates and efficiencies of the observed proton-transfer processes in both the ground and excited state, yielding, at room temperature, photoproducts having lifetimes ranging between hours and weeks. At least two proton-accepting groups may be active in the abstraction of the proton from its relatively stable benzylic position. Additionally, low-temperature measurements of proton-transfer processes show that tunneling processes prevail at temperatures below 100 K only in the excited state. No evidence for tunneling could be found for ground-state processes.
Development of Solid-Self Micron Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems (2013)

As a consequence of modern drug discovery techniques, there has been a steady increase in the number of new pharmacologically active lipophilic compounds that are poorly water soluble and solubility is one of the most important parameter to achieve desired concentration of drug in systemic circulation for therapeutic response. It is a great challenge for pharmaceutical scientist to convert those molecules into orally administered formulation with sufficient bioavailability. Among the several approaches to improve oral bioavailability of these molecules, Self-micron emulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) is one of the approaches usually used to improve the bioavailability of hydrophobic drugs. However, conventional SMEDDS are mostly prepared in a liquid form, which can have several disadvantages. Accordingly, solid SMEDDS (S-SMEDDS) prepared by solidification of liquid/semisolid self-micron emulsifying (SME) ingredients into powders have gained popularity. This article provides an overview of the recent advancements in S-SMEDDS such as methodology, techniques and future research directions.
A Computational Study of the Thermal Cycloreversion of 2,2,6-Trimethyl-4H-1,3-dioxin-4-one and a Related Species: Retro-Diels-Alder Reaction or Concerted Nucleophilic Attack? (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Computational Study of the Thermal Cycloreversion of 2,2,6-Trimethyl-4H-1,3-dioxin-4-one and a Related Species: Retro-Diels-Alder Reaction or Concerted Nucleophilic Attack?Shawn W. E. Eisenberg, Mark J. Kurth, and William H. FinkCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 12, 3736–3742Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00117a027https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00117a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views177Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (4)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
NATURAL FREEZING FOR DEWATERING OF ALUMINUM HYDROXIDE SLUDGES (1970)

The treatment of wastewaters with aluminum sulfate results in large amounts of low‐solids sludge, from which it is difficult to remove water. One method of dewatering this sludge is by natural freezing, and the authors describe the feasibility of this process herein.
Flow-through reactor for electrocatalytic reactions (2023)

A flow-through electrolysis cell includes a hierarchical nanoporous metal cathode. A method of reducing CO2 includes flowing the CO2 through the hierarchical nanoporous metal cathode of the flow-through electrolysis cell.
Image Resolution-Based Path Planning and Metrics for Exhaustive Area Search from Small UAVs (2009)

Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAVs) are being retrofitted with a spectrum of sensors to allow rapid collection of data from an aerial perspective. Typical advanced surveillance techniques are best-served when onboard sensors yield as much unique information as possible with as little redundancy as possible. As an example, small UAVs are being tested for use as aerial video-gathering platforms within Wilderness Search and Rescue (WiSAR) efforts. UAVs can help accelerate the ground search WiSAR through returning quality aerial footage of the terrain. Additionally, numerically tracking the progress of a search by recording video resolution data potentially increases confidence that a comprehensive search of the region has been made. This paper presents methods for efficient area-search waypoint planning along with measurement tools for analyzing the quality of the search in terms of image resolution from a UAV-mounted wireless video camera system. When a UAV operator knows the size of the search target, intelligent choices can be made regarding the desired image resolution (driving camera lens selection and altitude), thus providing a metric to use when generating optimal search patterns. Several path generation methods are described and implemented in simulation. Flight-test results of aerial wide-area searches from UAVs demonstrate ways that these metrics can help ensure high quality video data is gathered for the WiSAR ground team.
Comparison of a new antihistaminic and antiallergic compound KW 4679 with terfenadine and placebo on skin and nasal provocation in atopic individuals (1994)

The effects of three oral doses of a new compound KW 4679 thought to have both antihistaminic and antiallergic properties were compared with terfenadine and placebo in a double-blind cross-over trial in 15 volunteers with seasonal allergic rhinitis. Comparison of the effect of the treatments with either 2.5, 5 or 10 mg b.i.d. of KW 4679, 60 mg b.i.d. of terfenadine or placebo was made on the response to histamine and grass pollen skin-prick testing. Nasal provocation testing with grass pollen was performed on the eighth day of treatment. Nasal airway resistance (NAR) was measured using active posterior rhinomanometry and the dose of grass pollen which caused a 200% increase in NAR was determined. The number of sneezes in the first 12 min was counted. Compared with placebo all doses of KW 4679 and terfenadine significantly inhibited the skin weal response to histamine and grass pollen (P < 0.001). The inhibitory effect of KW 4679 on both histamine and allergen induced skin weals was significantly greater than that of terfenadine (P = 0.001 and P = 0.049 respectively). The results of nasal challenges with grass pollen showed that all doses of KW 4679 and terfenadine were effective in reducing sneeze counts (P < 0.001), though there were no significant effects on allergen induced increase in NAR. All three doses of KW 4679 were generally well tolerated. Drowsiness was reported by some of the volunteers on KW 4679 and one volunteer reported drowsiness whilst taking placebo. Slight and reversible rises in AST and ALT concentrations were observed; these were not considered clinically significant.
Spectroscopic (UV/VIS, Raman) and Electrophoresis Study of Cytosine-Guanine Oligonucleotide DNA Influenced by Magnetic Field (2016)

Studying the effect of a magnetic field on oligonucleotide DNA can provide a novel DNA manipulation technique for potential application in bioengineering and medicine. In this work, the optical and electrochemical response of a 100 bases oligonucleotides DNA, cytosine-guanine (CG100), is investigated via exposure to different magnetic fields (250, 500, 750, and 1000 mT). As a result of the optical response of CG100 to the magnetic field, the ultra-violet-visible spectrum indicated a slight variation in the band gap of CG100 of about 0.3 eV. Raman spectroscopy showed a significant deviation in hydrogen and phosphate bonds' vibration after exposure to the magnetic field. Oligonucleotide DNA mobility was investigated in the external electric field using the gel electrophoresis technique, which revealed a small decrease in the migration of CG100 after exposure to the magnetic field.
A herpes simplex viral vector expressing green fluorescent protein can be used to visualize morphological changes in high-density neuronal culture. (2001)

High-density cultures of mammalian neurons offer a model system for studies of brain development, but the morphological features of individual neurons is difficult to ascertain. We show that a herpes virus vector expressing a bioluminescent protein allows detailed morphometric analyses of living neurons in complex culture environments. Expression of enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) was constitutively driven in neurons using the herpes simplex virus amplicon system. This system allowed us to make novel observations regarding development in high-density cultures from rat hippocampus and cerebellum. After the phase of initial neurite outgrowth, maturing neurons continue to show rapid remodeling of the neurite branches (0.79 +/- 0.11 mum/h per neurite; mean +/- SEM, n=8), and displacement of the soma within the neurite arbor (1.35 +/- 0.74 mum/h). These results demonstrate that a substantial capacity for morphological plasticity persists in maturing mammalian CNS neurons after cessation of net neurite outgrowth in early development.
Interference Mitigation by Adaptive Analog Spatial Filtering for MIMO Receivers (2021)

Exposed to strong cochannel/adjacent-channel interference, digital multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) receivers require high-dynamic-range analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). Hybrid beamforming featuring spatial filtering before the ADCs can adaptively mitigate interference in both the analog and digital domains; hence relaxing the required dynamic ranges of the ADCs. This article demonstrates the effectiveness of hybrid beamforming in this mitigation utilizing adaptive minimum mean square error (MMSE) and error vector magnitude (EVM) as an optimization criterion. Extensive EVM measurements are carried out with a conductive setup using a four-element 22-nm FD-SOI CMOS prototype MIMO receiver chip to verify the performance of the adaptive MMSE algorithm. Over-the-air (OTA) measurements with a linear four-element dipole antenna array with half-wavelength spacing in the 2.4-GHz industrial scientific and medical (ISM) band quantify the improvement for real-world scenarios, e.g., having a multipath propagation channel and mutual coupling between the antenna array elements. OTA results show that a rejection of 22.5 and 24.5 dB can be achieved on average in an in-door laboratory environment utilizing vector modulator (VM) constellations with 16 and 64 points, respectively.
Kubische Spline-Interpolation (1994)

In diesem Kapitel werden wir uns mit dem populärsten Kurvenschema befassen: C 2-stetige kubische interpolierende Splines. Wir haben schon gesehen, daß Lagrange-Interpolation keine brauchbaren Resultate liefert. Wir haben aber andererseits gesehen, daß uns durch kubische B-Spline-Kurven ein mächtiges Werkzeug zum Modellieren an die Hand gegeben wurde; sie können auf einfache Weise komplexe Formen wiedergeben. Diese „Wiedergabe“ geschieht als Approximationsprozeß, man verändert das Kontrollpolygon solange, bis die gewünschte Form gefunden ist. Wir werden sehen, wie man kubische Splines auch zur Interpolation benutzen kann, nämlich, eine Splinekurve zu finden, die durch einen gegebenen Satz von Punkten verläuft. Kubische Spline-Interpolation ist in die CAGD-Literatur von J. Ferguson [184] im Jahre 1964 eingeführt worden, während die zugrundeliegende Mathematik in der Approximationstheorie (siehe de Boor [112] oder Holladay [266]) entwickelt wurde. Eine Übersicht über die Geschichte der Splines ist bei Schumaker [426] zu finden.
Quo vadis, Acta Crystallographica F? (2018)

After a year and a half as Section Editor of Acta Crystallographica F, I thought it was high time to introduce myself and share some thoughts with you on the current situation and future directions of the journal. As a biochemist by training, I specialized in protein crystallography during
Contrasting Pathways for Anaerobic Methane Oxidation in Gulf of Mexico Cold Seep Sediments (2019)

Gulf of Mexico sediments harbor numerous hydrocarbon seeps associated with high sedimentation rates and thermal maturation of organic matter. These ecosystems host abundant and diverse microbial communities that directly or indirectly metabolize components of the emitted fluid. To investigate microbial function and activities in these ecosystems, metabolic potential (metagenomic) and gene expression (metatranscriptomic) analyses of two cold seep areas of the Gulf of Mexico were carried out. Seeps emitting biogenic methane harbored microbial communities dominated by archaeal anaerobic methane oxidizers of phylogenetic group 1 (ANME-1), whereas seeps producing fluids containing a complex mixture of thermogenic hydrocarbons were dominated by ANME-2 lineages. Metatranscriptome measurements in both communities indicated high levels of expression of genes for methane metabolism despite their distinct microbial communities and hydrocarbon composition. In contrast, the transcription level of sulfur cycle genes was quite different. In the thermogenic seep community, high levels of transcripts indicative of syntrophic anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) coupled to sulfate reduction were detected. This syntrophic partnership between the dominant ANME-2 and sulfate reducers potentially involves direct electron transfer through multiheme cytochromes. In the biogenic methane seep, genes from an ANME-1 lineage that are potentially involved in polysulfide reduction were highly expressed, suggesting a novel bacterium-independent anaerobic methane oxidation pathway coupled to polysulfide reduction. The observed divergence in AOM activities provides a new model for bacterium-independent AOM and emphasizes the variation that exists in AOM pathways between different ANME lineages. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> Cold seep sediments are complex and widespread marine ecosystems emitting large amounts of methane, a potent greenhouse gas, and other hydrocarbons. Within these sediments, microbial communities play crucial roles in production and degradation of hydrocarbons, modulating oil and gas emissions to seawater. Despite this ecological importance, our understanding of microbial functions and methane oxidation pathways in cold seep ecosystems is poor. Based on gene expression profiling of environmental seep sediment samples, the present work showed that (i) the composition of the emitted fluids shapes the microbial community in general and the anaerobic methanotroph community specifically and (ii) AOM by ANME-2 in this seep may be coupled to sulfate reduction by Deltaproteobacteria by electron transfer through multiheme cytochromes, whereas AOM by ANME-1 lineages in this seep may involve a different, bacterium-independent pathway, coupling methane oxidation to elemental sulfur/polysulfide reduction.
Matrix-Dependent Gene Expression of Egr-1 and PDGF A Regulate Angiotensin II–Induced Proliferation in Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (1999)

Abstract —We have previously shown, in a neonatal rat cell line, that angiotensin II (Ang II)–induced proliferation in vascular smooth muscle cells is extracellular matrix (ECM) dependent. We hypothesized that such an effect might be mediated via differences in Ang II–induced increases in the transcriptional factor early growth response-1 (Egr-1) gene and, consequently, in platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). Cultured human newborn aortic smooth muscle cells were studied on 4 different surfaces: (1) plastic, (2) laminin, (3) collagen, and (4) fibronectin. Ang II–induced increases in DNA synthesis were significantly greater on collagen (2.0±0.3-fold) and fibronectin (1.9±0.3-fold) than on laminin (1.0±0.2-fold) or plastic (1.4±0.2-fold). As with DNA synthesis, at 48 and 72 hours, Ang II–induced increases in cell numbers occurred only in cells grown on collagen and fibronectin culture plates and were blocked by an antagonist to the angiotensin type 1 (losartan, 10 μmol/L) but not the angiotensin type 2 (PD 123319, 10 μmol/L) receptor. Anti-PDGF AA antibody (6 μg/mL) blocked the increase in DNA synthesis by 60% to 64% in cells on collagen or fibronectin cultures but not on plastic cultures. When PDGF-AA (10 ng/mL) and Ang II were added together, DNA synthesis increased 2-fold and did not differ on the various ECM proteins. Increases in PDGF A-chain mRNA were observed only in cells grown on collagen (3.21±0.65-fold) and fibronectin (2.86±0.49-fold) plates 2 to 8 hours after the addition of Ang II and were blocked by losartan but not PD 123319. Expression of Egr-1, an early growth response gene, increased at 15 minutes, peaked at 30 minutes, and returned to normal after 2 hours with Ang II treatment. Ang II–induced increases in Egr-1 mRNA were greater on collagen (4.82±0.66-fold at maximum) and fibronectin (4.01±0.56-fold) than on laminin (2.74±0.45-fold) or plastic (2.53±0.40-fold) and were blocked by losartan but not PD 123319. Thus, in human vascular smooth muscle cells in culture, Ang II–induced proliferation is mediated via the angiotensin type 1 receptor, dependent on ECM proteins, and regulated by differential gene expression of Egr-1 and PDGF-1.
An alarm to warn of overhead power line contact by mobile equipment (2002)

Overhead electric powerlines are a serious hazard at mining and mining-related operations. Over one fourth of electrical fatalities in the mining industry are due to accidental overhead line contacts, and for each fatality nearly two serious nonfatal injuries occur due to such contacts. In incidents involving high-reaching mobile equipment, many of the victims touched the equipment after the fact, unaware that the machine frame had become energized by the line contact. MSHA data for accidents involving overhead power line contacts in the mining industry between 1980 and 1997 reveal that in 57% of the cases personnel were unaware of the accidental line contact until after one or more workers touched the equipment or a hoisted load and were injured. This suggests that a device that alerts workers when a power line has been contacted could help prevent many of these injuries. Such a device would not prevent power line contacts, yet if widely employed could yield a significant reduction in the number of resulting injuries. Researchers at the NIOSH Pittsburgh Research Laboratory are attempting to develop such a device. The approach being investigated is based on measuring electric current flow to ground through a machine during a line contact. The specific technique being tested involves the diversion of some part of this current through a shunt cable mounted on board the machine, to provide a point at which to install a current sensor. Experiments indicate that this approach is feasible. Research is better defining electric current flow through mobile equipment and refining techniques for measuring this current.