gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wavelength-interleaving technique to improve optical spectral efficiency in millimeter-wave WDM fiber-radio (2002)

In this paper we present a novel wavelength-interleaving scheme to increase the optical spectral efficiency in mm-wave WDM fiber-radio systems and demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed scheme via experiment and simulation. The technique employs wavelength interleaving in conjunction with OSSB+C modulation. A wavelength-interleaved optical add-drop multiplexer using fiber gratings and an optical circulator was realized to implement the technique, the feasibility of which was demonstrated via three interleaved WDM channels each transporting a 155 Mb/s BPSK signal at 36 GHz over a 20 km fiber link. Capacity analysis shows that the wavelength-interleaving technique increases the maximum number of channels by almost 75% after taking into account overall system performance and device limitation.
20.5 A 2-/3-phase fully integrated switched-capacitor DC-DC converter in bulk CMOS for energy-efficient digital circuits with 14% efficiency improvement (2015)

Reducing the supply voltage of digital circuits to the sub- or near-threshold regions minimizes dynamic power consumption and achieves better efficiency [1]. This technique is widely used in energy-efficient applications, and is especially beneficial for wirelessly powered devices such as wearable electronics, biomedicai implants and smart sensor networks. Such devices have long standby times and battery-less operation is highly desirable. As shown in Fig. 20.5.1, for a typical wireless power transmission system, there is a gap between the rectified V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">IN</sub> (>2V) and the low supply voltage V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OUT</sub> (<;700mV) for powering up energy-efficient digital circuits. To bridge this voltage gap without sacrificing compact size, fully integrated power converters with a low voltage conversion ratio (M=V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">out/</sub> V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">IN</sub> ) and high efficiency are needed. However, a low M results in low efficiency for linear regulators and fully integrated buck converters. On the other hand, fully integrated switched-capacitor power converters (SCPCs) are good alternatives that can achieve high efficiency at low M in low power applications [2-5].
Clostridial Enteric Infections in Pigs (2005)

Clostridium perfringens types A and C and Clostridium difficile are the principal enteric clostridial pathogens of swine. History, clinical signs of disease, and gross and microscopic findings form the basis for a presumptive diagnosis of C. perfringens type-C enteritis. Confirmation is based on isolation of large numbers of type-C C. perfringens and/or detection of beta toxin in intestinal contents. Diagnosis of C. perfringens type-A infection, however, remains controversial, mostly because the condition has not been well defined and because type-A organisms and their most important major (alpha) toxin can be found in intestinal contents of healthy and diseased pigs. Isolation of large numbers of C. perfringens type A from intestinal contents, in the absence of other enteric pathogens, is the most reliable criterion on which to base a diagnosis. Recently, beta2 (CPB2) toxin-producing C. perfringens type A has been linked to disease in piglets and other animals. However, implication of CPB2 in pathogenesis of porcine infections is based principally on isolation of C. perfringens carrying cpb2, the gene encoding CPB2, and the specific role of CPB2 in enteric disease of pigs remains to be fully defined. Clostridium difficile can also be a normal inhabitant of the intestine of healthy pigs, and diagnosis of enteric infection with this microorganism is based on detection of its toxins in feces or intestinal contents.
Solid phase synthesis of bioadhesive analogue peptides with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid cleavage from PAM resin (1989)

Several decapeptides related to consensus peptide sequences found in the natural polyphenolic proteins from the sea mussels M. edulis or M. californianus have been synthesized in high yields and purities. The peptides were prepared by solid phase peptide synthesis on PAM support resins utilizing BOC protection strategies. The product peptides were then deprotected and cleaved from the PAM resins with TFMSA in a two‐step procedure. The course of selective peptide deprotection with TFMSA was followed by high resolution 13 C n.m.r. on aliquots of the peptide resin swollen in DMF and optimal deprotection times for batch processing of the peptide resins were chosen based on the n.m.r. results. Our two‐step deprotection and cleavage procedure using TFMSA was shown to be at least as good as the usual HF procedure for the class of synthetic peptides described in this paper. N to O rearrangements of threonine and/or serine residues in the synthesized decapeptides were observed in both procedures but were reversible following treatment with ammonium bicarbonate. Coupled HPLC‐u.v./vis spectroscopy, HPLC‐MS and FAB MS analytical methods were used to characterize the product peptides and to provide substantial amino acid sequence information.
Role of Skin Biopsy to Confirm Suspected Acute Graft-vs-Host Disease (2006)

This decision analysis modeling technique predicts that in patient populations in which the prevalence of GVHD is 30% or greater (typical for allogeneic stem cell transplantation), the best outcomes were obtained with treatment for GVHD and no skin biopsy. In populations with prevalence of GVHD of 30% or less, obtaining a skin biopsy specimen to guide treatment was predicted to provide the best patient outcomes.
When Bio Meets Technology: Biohybrid Neural Interfaces (2019)

The development of electronics capable of interfacing with the nervous system is a rapidly advancing field with applications in basic science and clinical translation. Devices containing arrays of electrodes can be used in the study of cells grown in culture or can be implanted into damaged or dysfunctional tissue to restore normal function. While devices are typically designed and used exclusively for one of these two purposes, there have been increasing efforts in developing implantable electrode arrays capable of housing cultured cells, referred to as biohybrid implants. Once implanted, the cells within these implants integrate into the tissue, serving as a mediator of the electrode-tissue interface. This biological component offers unique advantages to these implant designs, providing better tissue integration and potentially long-term stability. Herein, an overview of current research into biohybrid devices, as well as the historical background that led to their development are provided, based on the host anatomical location for which they are designed (CNS, PNS, or special senses). Finally, a summary of the key challenges of this technology and potential future research directions are presented.
Development and characterization of 5-FU bearing ferritin appended solid lipid nanoparticles for tumour targeting (2008)

Ferritin coupled solid lipid nanoparticles were investigated for tumour targeting. Solid lipid nanoparticles were prepared using HSPC, cholesterol, DSPE and triolien. The SLNs without ferritin which has similar lipid composition were used for comparison. SLNs preparations were characterized for shape, size and percentage entrapment. The average size of SLNs was found to be in the range 110-152 nm and maximum drug entrapment was found to be 34.6-39.1%. In vitro drug release from the formulations is obeying fickian release kinetics. Cellular uptake and IC50 values of the formulation were determined in vitro in MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells. In vitro cell binding of Fr-SLN exhibits 7.7-folds higher binding to MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells in comparison to plain SLNs. Ex-vivo cytotoxicity assay on targeted nanoparticles gave IC50 of 1.28 microM and non-targeted nanoparticles gave IC50 of 3.56 microM. In therapeutic experiments, 5-FU, SLNs and Fr-SLNs were administered at the dose of 10 mg 5-FU/kg body weight to MDA-MB-468 tumour bearing Balb/c mice. Administration of Fr-SLNs formulation results in effective reduction in tumour growth as compared with free 5-FU and plain SLNs. The result demonstrates that this delivery system possessed an enhanced anti-tumour activity. The results warrant further evaluation of this delivery system.
Change detection of gravel mining on riverbeds from the multi‐temporal and high‐spatial‐resolution formosat‐2 imagery (2008)

Abstract Gravel mining from river channels is conducted in many countries around the world, yet ground‐based monitoring of these activities requires considerable manpower and is not very effective. Therefore, innovative and effective approaches to monitoring gravel mining are urgently required. Deployed as a high spatial resolution sensor in a daily revisit orbit, Formosat‐2 has proved to be an ideal satellite for site surveillance. Using one known event of gravel mining in the Tseng‐Wen River, Taiwan, between March 2004 and March 2005, we analysed nine Formosat‐2 images taken during this period to summarize three characteristics of gravel mining in the images. Based on these characteristics, a standard procedure for processing Formosat‐2 imagery to detect gravel mining is proposed. This procedure is validated against ground truthing collected by an unmanned helicopter flying at low altitude. The evolution of this gravel‐mining event in the Tseng‐Wen River is described by processing all historical Formosat‐2 imagery using the proposed procedure. This standard procedure has been successfully incorporated into the Formosat‐2 automatic image processing system and has been used to monitor gravel mining on a daily‐basis. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Clinical Correlates, Outcomes, and Predictors of Inflammatory Ocular Disease Associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis in the Biologic Era (2018)

This large single-center study highlights the variable presentation and outcomes of IOD in RA. Although ocular complications are associated with significant morbidity, it is reassuring that survival among those with IOD is now similar to those without ocular disease.
Effects of Free Fatty Acids on Glucose Uptake and Utilization in Healthy Women (2003)

To study effects of sex on free fatty acid (FFA)-induced insulin resistance, we have examined the effects of acute elevations of plasma FFA levels on insulin-stimulated total body glucose uptake in nine healthy young women. Euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic (approximately 500 pmol/l) clamps were performed for 4 h with coinfusion of either lipid/heparin (L/H) to acutely raise plasma FFA levels (from approximately 600 to approximately 1,200 micro mol/l) or saline/glycerol to lower fatty acids (from approximately 600 to approximately 50 micro mol/l). L/H infusion inhibited insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (determined with [3-(3)H]glucose) and glycogen synthesis by 31 and 40%, respectively (P < 0.01), almost completely abolished insulin suppression of endogenous glucose production (EGP) (13.6 vs. 10.0 micro mol x kg(-1) x min(-1), NS), prevented the insulin induced increase in carbohydrate oxidation (8.1 vs. 7.4 micro mol x kg(-1) x min(-1), NS), and stimulated fat oxidation (from 3.6 to 5.1 micro mol x kg(-1) x min(-1), P < 0.01). These data showed that acute increases in plasma FFA levels inhibited the actions of insulin on glucose uptake, glycogen synthesis, and EGP in women to a degree similar to that previously reported in men. We conclude that at insulin and FFA levels in the postprandial range, women and men were susceptible to FFA-induced peripheral and hepatic insulin resistance.
Multichannel processing of broad-band multiuser communication signals in shallow water acoustic channels (1996)

High-throughout multiple-access communication networks are being considered for use in underwater acoustic channels. Bandwidth limitations of underwater acoustic channels require receivers to process broad-band communications signals in the presence of several active users. To deal with the resulting multiple-access interference in addition to high intersymbol interference, the spatial variability of ocean multipath is exploited in a multichannel multiuser receiver. Two configurations of such a receiver, a centralized and a decentralized one, are presented in fully adaptive modes of operations. While greatly reducing intersymbol and multiple-access interference, spatial diversity implies high increase in adaptive multiuser receiver complexity. To reduce the complexity of the optimal multichannel combiner, spatial structure of multipath is exploited. The complexity of resulting adaptive decentralized multichannel multiuser receiver is reduced at almost no cost in performance. Comparison of proposed multichannel receivers in an experimental shallow water channel demonstrates superior performance of spatial signal combining. The use of multiple input channels is shown to provide high level of tolerance for the near-far effect in both centralized and decentralized receivers. Decentralized receiver with reduced-complexity combining is found to satisfy the performance/complexity trade-off required for practical receiver realization in shallow water networks.
Generating qualitatively different plans through metatheoretic biases (1999)

Current methods for generating qualitatively different plans are either based on simple randomization of plan-ning decisions and so cannot guarantee meaningful dif-ferences among generated plans, or require extensive user involvement to drive the system into different sec-tions of the overall plan space. This paper presents a cost-effective method for automatically generating qualitatively different plans that is rooted in the cre-ation of biases that focus the planner toward solutions with certain attributes. Biases are derived from analysis of a domain metatheory and enforced through compila-tion into preferences over planning decisions. Users can optionally direct the planner into desired regions of the plan space by designating aspects of the metatheory that should be used for bias generation. Experimental results are provided that validate the effectiveness of the bias-ing method for reliably generating a range of plans with meaningful semantic differences.
Differential effect of L3T4+ cells on recovery from total-body irradiation. (1990)

We have examined the importance of L3T4+ (murine equivalent to CD4+) cells for hematopoietic regulation in vivo in unperturbed mice and mice recovering from total-body irradiation (TBI) using a cytotoxic monoclonal antibody (MoAb) raised with the GK 1.5 hybridoma. Ablating L3T4+ cells in "normal" (unperturbed) B6D2F1 mice substantially decreased the S-phase fraction (determined by in vivo hydroxyurea suicide) of erythroid progenitor cells (erythroid colony-forming units, CFU-E) as compared to the pretreatment level (10% +/- 14.1% [day 3 following depletion] vs 79.8% +/- 15.9%, respectively) with a corresponding decrease in the marrow content of CFU-E at this time to approximately 1% of the pretreatment value. Although the S-phase fraction of CFU-GM was decreased to 2.2% +/- 3.1% 3 days after L3T4+ cell ablation from the 21.3% +/- 8.3% pretreatment value, CFU-GM cellularity showed little change over the 3 days following anti-L3T4 treatment. Anti-L3T4 MoAb treatment had little or no effect on either the S-phase fraction or the marrow content of hematopoietic "stem cells" (spleen colony-forming units, CFU-S) committed to myeloerythroid differentiation. Ablating L3T4+ cells prior to a single dose of 2 Gy TBI resulted in significantly reduced marrow contents of CFU-S on day 3 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units (CFU-GM) on day 6 following TBI, with little or no effect on the corresponding recovery of CFU-E. The present findings provide the first in vivo evidence that L3T4+ cells are involved in: 1) maintaining the proliferative activity of CFU-E and CFU-GM in unperturbed mice and 2) supporting the restoration of CFU-S and CFU-GM following TBI-induced myelosuppression.
Electric field-induced critical demixing in lipid bilayer membranes (1998)

Electric fields can induce lateral reorganization of lipids in fluid bilayer membranes. The resulting concentration profiles readily are observed in planar-supported bilayers by epifluorescence microscopy. When a fluorescently labeled lipid was used to probe the field-induced separation of cardiolipin from egg-phosphatidylcholine, an enhanced sensitivity to the electric field was observed that is attributed to a critical demixing effect. A thermodynamic model of the system was used to analyze the results. The observed concentration profiles can be understood if the lipid mixture has a critical temperature equal to 75 degrees K. The steady-state distribution of lipids under the influence of an electric field is very sensitive to demixing effects, even at temperatures well above the critical temperature for spontaneous phase separation, and this may have significant consequences for organization and structural changes in natural cell membranes.
Efficacy and tolerability of two commercial hyperpigmentation kits in the treatment of facial hyperpigmentation and photo-aging. (2012)

This clinical study demonstrated that both systems were equally effective at reducing hyperpigmentation and global photo-aging in females with mottled pigmentation and photodamaged facial skin.
Finite element analysis and experimental verification of multilayered tissue characterization using the thermal technique (2006)

The objective of this research is to develop noninvasive techniques to determine thermal properties of layered biologic structures based on measurements from the surface. The self-heated thermistor technique is evaluated both numerically and experimentally. The finite element analyses, which confirm the experimental results, are used to study the temperature profiles occurring in the thermistor-tissue system. An in vitro tissue model was constructed by placing Teflon of varying thickness between the biologic tissue and the self-heated thermistor. The experiments were performed using two different-sized thermistors on six tissue samples. A self-heated thermistor was used to determine the thermal conductivity of tissue covered by a thin layer Teflon. The results from experimental data clearly indicate that this technique can penetrate below the thin layers of Teflon and thus is sensitive to the thermal properties of the underlying tissue. The factors which may introduce error in the experimental data are (i) poor thermal/physical contact between the thermistor probe and tissue sample, and (ii) water loss from tissue during the course of experimentation. The finite element analysis was used to simulate the experimental conditions and to calculate transient temperature profile generated by the thermistor bead. The results of finite element analysis are in accordance with the experimental data.
Identifying object-oriented features from procedural software (2000)

Microfluidic NMR spectroscopy can probe chemical and bio-chemical processes non-invasively in a tightly controlled environment. We present a dual-channel modular probe assembly for high efficiency microfluidic NMR spectroscopy and imaging. It is compatible with a wide range of microfluidic devices, without constraining the fluidic design. It collects NMR signals from a designated sample volume on the device with high sensitivity and resolution. Modular design allows adapting the detector geometry to different experimental conditions with minimal cost, by using the same probe base. The complete probe can be built from easily available parts. The probe body mainly consists of prefabricated aluminium profiles, while the probe circuit and detector are made from printed circuit boards. We demonstrate a double resonance HX probe with a limit of detection of 1.4 nmol s<sup>-1/2</sup> for protons at 600 MHz, resolution of 3.35 Hz, and excellent B<sub>1</sub> homogeneity. We have successfully acquired <sup>1</sup>H-<sup>13</sup>C and <sup>1</sup>H-<sup>15</sup>N heteronuclear correlation spectra (HSQC), including a <sup>1</sup>H-<sup>15</sup>N HSQC spectrum of 1 mM <sup>15</sup>N labeled ubiquitin in 2.5 μl of sample volume.
Terminal and Boost Phase Intercept of Ballistic Missile Defense (2008)

A new homing guidance and estimation algorithm for both terminal and boost phase intercept of the ballistic missile defense is proposed. The objectives of the algorithm are to estimate the engagement state in the presence of unknown target acceleration and guide the interceptor to hit the target based on the state estimate. The algorithm, derived by applying the linear-exponential-Gaussian (LEG) difierential game with difierent information patterns, is the integration of a fllter in cascade with a guidance law. In a certain limit of the LEG difierential game, the guidance law is equivalent to the classic game-theoretic guidance law determined based on the anticipated worst possible target acceleration. The fllter is determined by blocking the dynamic efiect of the target in the target acceleration direction. It is completely difierent from the traditional flltering techniques which estimate the target acceleration based on certain target models. The algorithm is demonstrated in numerical examples with the hit-to-kill capability against ballistic missiles in the terminal and boost phases.
Thromboxane Synthase Inhibitors Induce Apoptosis in Migration-arrested Glioma Cells (2002)

These data indicate that thromboxane synthase may represent a vortex of divergent signaling cascades that regulate motility and apoptosis in glioma cells. This paradigm may offer a novel perspective in the treatment of patients with malignant gliomas.
Turning photographs into abstract expressionist paintings (2012)

During the recent history of painting there has been several movements who tried to obtain an illusion of flattened 3D space. Cubists employed multi-perspective views to flatten the 3D space [Meadows and Akleman 2000]. Impressionists and abstract expressionists, on the other hand, flattened 3D space with layers of paints to make objects fuzzy. A particular paint layering technique is impasto, which is introduced by impressionist artists such as Claude Monet or Vincent VanGogh [Schaefer et al. 2008]. Another paint layering technique is drip painting, which is introduced by abstract expressionist Jackson Pollock [Taylor 1999]. Abstract expressionism became popularized throughout the 20th century with artists such as Robert Jay Wolff, Franz Kline, Willem de Kooning, Larry Rivers, and Robert Motherwell [Ross 1990]. Unlike Pollock, most abstract expressionist painters uses impasto to obtain flatten effect and further transform images from flattened 3D representational form to abstract. Many of the abstract expressionists painted layers upon layers of paint until they were satisfied with a result. For instance, in Woman by Willem de Kooning, we may make sense of a set of eyes and a mouth, but it is really through the name of the painting that we associate a human form with the image. This abstraction is obtained by applying paint in consistent impastos which thin out to the canvas in a few places while rising elsewhere to heavy ridges.