gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Covalent Template‐Directed Synthesis of a Spoked 18‐Porphyrin Nanoring** (2023)

Rings of porphyrins mimic natural light-harvesting chlorophyll arrays and offer insights into electronic delocalization, providing a motivation for creating larger nanorings with closely spaced porphyrin units. Here, we demonstrate the first synthesis of a macrocycle consisting entirely of 5,15-linked porphyrins. This porphyrin octadecamer was constructed using a covalent six-armed template, made by cobalt-catalyzed cyclotrimerization of an H-shaped tolan with porphyrin trimer ends. The porphyrins around the circumference of the nanoring were linked together by intramolecular oxidative meso-meso coupling and partial β-β fusion, to give a nanoring consisting of six edge-fused zinc(II) porphyrin dimer units and six un-fused nickel(II) porphyrins. STM imaging on a gold surface confirms the size and shape of the spoked 18-porphyrin nanoring (calculated diameter: 4.7 nm).
A hybrid intelligence approach to artifact recognition in digital publishing (2006)

The system presented integrates rule-based and case-based reasoning for artifact recognition in Digital Publishing. In Variable Data Printing (VDP) human proofing could result prohibitive since a job could contain millions of different instances that may contain two types of artifacts: 1) evident defects, like a text overflow or overlapping 2) style-dependent artifacts, subtle defects that show as inconsistencies with regard to the original job design. We designed a Knowledge-Based Artifact Recognition tool for document segmentation, layout understanding, artifact detection, and document design quality assessment. Document evaluation is constrained by reference to one instance of the VDP job proofed by a human expert against the remaining instances. Fundamental rules of document design are used in the rule-based component for document segmentation and layout understanding. Ambiguities in the design principles not covered by the rule-based system are analyzed by case-based reasoning, using the Nearest Neighbor Algorithm, where features from previous jobs are used to detect artifacts and inconsistencies within the document layout. We used a subset of XSL-FO and assembled a set of 44 document samples. The system detected all the job layout changes, while obtaining an overall average accuracy of 84.56%, with the highest accuracy of 92.82%, for overlapping and the lowest, 66.7%, for the lack-of-white-space.
A first RF digitally-controlled oscillator for mobile phones (2005)

We propose and demonstrate the first RF digitally-controlled oscillator (DCO) for cellular mobile phones. The DCO is part of a single-chip fully-compliant quad-band GSM transceiver realized in a 90 nm digital CMOS process. Frequency tuning is achieved through digital control of an array of standard n-poly/n-well MOSCAP devices. The finest varactor step size is 12 kHz at the 1.6-2.0 GHz output. We analyze the effect of high-speed varactor dithering on the phase noise and show that it can be made sufficiently small. The measured phase noise at 20 MHz offset in the GSM900 band is -165 dBc/Hz and shows no degradation due to the dithering.
Photoinduced functional materials by femtosecond laser direct writing (2018)

Polarization-dependent periodic nanostructures inside various materials are successfully photoinduced by ultrafast laser pulses. These periodic nanostructures in various materials can be empirically classified into the following three types: (1) structural deficiency, (2) strained structure, (3) partial phase separation. Such self-assembled nanostructures exhibit not only optical anisotropy but also intriguing electric, thermal, and magnetic properties. We demonstrate new possibilities for functionalization of common materials ranging from an eternal 5D optical storage, a polarization imaging, to a thermoelectric conversion, based on the indicated phenomena.
Water Based Silicone Elastomer Controlled Release Tablet Film Coating III - Drug Release Mechanisms (1989)

The release of potassium chloride from polyethylene glycol-silicone elastomer coated tablets was achieved by the diffusion through water-filled pores formed in the hydrated coating and the osmotic pumping generated by the saturated salt solution. The relative contribution of these two mechanisms to the overall drug release rate was shown to be a function of the polyethylene glycol loading in the coating. As the polyethylene glycol loading level increased, the transpore diffusion became the predominant release mechanism. The capability of the polyethylene glycol-silicone elastomer coatings to provide controlled release for therapeutic agents of different water solubilities and dose levels was also demonstrated. Both the rate and extent of release of the active ingredients could be altered by the type of diluent used in the tablet matrix
Influence of low level laser radiation on migration of stem cells (2005)

The long-term effects of low level laser therapy can involve mechanisms connected with activation of migration of stem cells towards damaged areas. Stromal cell-derived factor-1 alpha (SDF-1) plays a critical role in stem cell migration towards areas of tissue injury and hypoxia. This study examines the influence of laser light on migration of stem cells (FDCP-mix stem cell line) in absence and in presence of SDF-1, using Transwell system with 2 connected chambers separated by a filter. The first chamber contained medium and stem cells, second chamber contained medium with or without SDF. Group 1 cells served as a control. Cells of groups 2 and 5 were irradiated by red diode laser (660 nm, 20 mW, 15 min). Cells of groups 3 and 6 received infrared (IR) diode laser (958 nm, 36 mW, 15 min). Group 4 was SDF-1 control. Stem cells were seeded into first chamber of the Transwell system, and filters were placed into the wells containing medium with 150 ng/ml SDF-1 (groups 4,5,6) or without SDF-1 (groups 1,2,3). After incubation cells were collected and counted. The count of spontaneously migrated cells was 1496,5±409 (100%) in case of control. Red and IR laser light increased motility of stem cells up to 1892±283 (126%) and 2255,5±510 (151%) accordingly. Influence of SDF-1 caused directed migration of 3365,5±489 cells (225%). Combined effects of light irradiation and SDF-1 were significantly stronger (p<0,05): 5813±1199 (388%) for SDF-1 and red laser , 6391,5±540 (427%) for SDF-1 and IR laser. Study shows that laser radiation can up-regulate stem cell migration towards higher SDF-1 gradient.
The Oligomerization Domains of the APC Protein Mediate Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation That Is Phosphorylation Controlled (2023)

One of the most important properties of intrinsically disordered proteins is their ability to undergo liquid-liquid phase separation and form droplets. The Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC) protein is an IDP that plays a key role in Wnt signaling and mutations in <i>Apc</i> initiate cancer. APC forms droplets via its 20R domains and self-association domain (ASAD) and in the context of Axin. However, the mechanism involved is unknown. Here, we used peptides to study the molecular mechanism and regulation of APC droplet formation. We found that a peptide derived from the ASAD of APC-formed droplets. Peptide array screening showed that the ASAD bound other APC peptides corresponding to the 20R3 and 20R5 domains. We discovered that the 20R3/5 peptides also formed droplets by themselves and mapped specific residues within 20R3/5 that are necessary for droplet formation. When incubated together, the ASAD and 20R3/5 did not form droplets. Thus, the interaction of the ASAD with 20R3 and 20R5 may regulate the droplet formation as a means of regulating different cellular functions. Phosphorylation of 20R3 or 20R5 at specific residues prevented droplet formation of 20R3/5. Our results reveal that phosphorylation and the ability to undergo liquid-liquid phase separation, which are both important properties of intrinsically disordered proteins, are related to each other in APC. Phosphorylation inhibited the liquid-liquid phase separation of APC, acting as an 'on-off' switch for droplet formation. Phosphorylation may thus be a common mechanism regulating LLPS in intrinsically disordered proteins.
An ultrasound activated oxygen generation nanosystem specifically alleviates myocardial hypoxemia and promotes cell survival following acute myocardial infarction (2020)

Hypoxemia after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) causes severe damage to cardiac cells and induces cardiac dysfunction. Protection of cardiac cells and reconstruction of cardiac functions by re-introducing oxygen into the infarcted myocardium represents an efficient approach for the treatment of AMI. However, the established methods for oxygen supplementation mainly focus on systemic oxygen delivery, which always results in inevitable oxidative stress on normal tissues. In this work, an ultrasound (US) activated oxygen generation nanosystem has been developed, which specifically releases oxygen in the infarcted myocardium and alleviates the hypoxemic myocardial microenvironment to protect cardiac cells after AMI. The nanosystem was constructed through the formation of calcium peroxide in the mesopores of biocompatible mesoporous silica nanoplatforms, followed by the assembly of the thermosensitive material heneicosane and polyethyleneglycol. The mild hyperthermia induced by US irradiation triggered the phase change of heneicosane, thus achieving US responsive diffusion of water and release of oxygen. The US-activated oxygen release significantly alleviated the hypoxia and facilitated the mitigation of oxidative stress after AMI. Consequently, the survival of cardiac cells under hypoxic conditions was substantially improved and the damage in the infarcted myocardial tissue was minimized. This US-activated oxygen generation nanosystem may provide an efficient modality for the treatment of AMI.
Scattering from an Arbitrarily-Located Off-Axis Inhomogeneity in a Step-Index Optical Fiber (2005)

A Green's function formulation of an arbitrarily oriented off-axis dipole radiating in a dielectric rod waveguide is carried out. The analysis ia applied to the problem of scattering from an arbitrarily-located inhomogeneity in a step-index optical fiber.
Radiologic Aspects of Renovascular Hypertension (1972)

The Radiology Study Group of the Cooperative Study of Renovascular Hypertension was concerned with all aspects of technique and interpretation of the intravenous urogram and the arteriogram. The major urographic features, kidney length, calyceal appearance time, and concentration of contrast medium, as well as minor features (ureteral notching, kidney width, calyceal length, radiographic density, calyceal and pelvic configuration, parenchymal length, decreased pyelocalyceal size and renal ptosis) were defined and evaluated. Arteriographic evaluation included the type and volume of contrast agent, route of administration, and complications. The number of renal arteries and degree of stenosis evaluation included poststenotic dilatation; segmental or supplemental renal artery stenosis; the etiology of the stenosis; presence of collateral vessels; renal length, width, and cortical thickness; cortical defects; and nephrosclerosis. Intraobserver and interobserver discrepancies were discussed.
Vinflunine in combination with trastuzumab for treatment of HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (2007)

1058 Background: Vinflunine (VFL) is a microtubule inhibitor of the vinca alkaloid class with high activity in several tumour types especially in second line treatment of metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Over-expression of HER2 is observed in 20–25% of all breast cancers and is associated with a poor prognosis. The development of the anti-HER2 therapy with trastuzumab (T) allowed significant prolonging of the survival in HER2 positive MBC. The combination of these two compounds which are separately active in MBC warranted a combination study. Methods: This phase I was designed to determine the recommended dose (RD) of VFL in combination with T for treatment of first or second line MBC patients (pts), to assess its safety profile, and to determine its antitumour activity. Results: Thirty pts, median age 55 [33–74] years, WHO performance status 0/1: 18/12 pts , respectively were given VFL 280 mg/m 2 (10 pts) or 320 mg/m 2 (20 pts) day 1 every 3 weeks (w) in combination with T (loading dose 4 mg/kg and subsequently 2 mg/kg/w). Six pts were chemonaive and 5 pts received this combination in second line. At the first VFL dose (280 mg/m 2 ), 0/6 pts experienced dose-limiting toxicity. The RD was established at 320 mg/m 2 in the following 6 pts. All 30 pts are evaluable for safety. Haematological toxicities were: anaemia grade (G) 3: 0 and 1 pt; neutropenia G 3/4: 5/17 pts, febrile neutropenia 0/2 pts with VFL 280 and 320 mg/m 2 , respectively. G 3 non-haematological adverse events were only reported in the 20 pts receiving VFL 320 mg/m 2 : fatigue and myalgia: 5 pts; constipation: 4 pts; abdominal pain, neutropenic infection: 2 pts. ileus, hyponatremia, arthralgia: 1 pt. No significant cardiac events were observed. The response rates, 62.5% [95% confidence interval: 24.5–91.5] and 73.7% [95% confidence interval: 48.8–90.9] in pts receiving VFL at 280 mg/m 2 and 320 mg/m 2 respectively, were established by an external radiologist using RECIST in the first 27 evaluable patients. Conclusions: Vinflunine/trastuzumab combination is feasible with encouraging response rates and manageable toxicity in MBC pts. A phase III study comparing VFL + T versus paclitaxel + T has been initiated. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Survival, prognosis, and therapeutic response in osteogenic sarcoma. The memorial hospital experience (1992)

Two hundred seventy-nine consecutive patients with Stage II osteogenic sarcoma of the appendicular skeleton treated between 1976 and 1986 were studied to identify predictors of long-term survival. Survival was 77% and 73% at 5 and 10 years, respectively, with continuously disease-free survival being 70% and 69%. On univariate analysis, the most significant predictors of survival were the location of the primary lesion, local control of the tumor, and the degree of necrosis in the primary tumor after intravenous neoadjuvant chemotherapy (histologic response). On initial multivariate analysis, similarly, only location and histologic response to chemotherapy predicted disease-free outcome. After statistical control for local recurrence, only histologic response to chemotherapy was retained as an independent predictor, suggesting that in this data set, the location of primary lesion exerted its effect only secondarily through its association with the ability to provide local control. The risk of local recurrence was almost fivefold higher in tumors of the femur than in tumors of other locations (relative risk, 4.6) and, within the femur, was more than threefold higher in the proximal femur than in the distal femur (relative risk, 3.4). None of the other primary tumor or patient characteristics studied yielded independent predictive significance for survival. The rate of failure was almost fivefold as high in those with an incomplete response to chemotherapy compared with those with a complete response to chemotherapy (relative risk, 4.9; 95% confidence interval, 2.2 to 11). Even in those patients with minimal or no necrosis in the primary tumor, ultimately 62% and 54% were disease-free at 5 and 10 years, respectively.
Ectopic Pregnancy (2001)

During the past 25 years, the incidence of ectopic pregnancy has progressively increased while the morbidity and mortality have substantially decreased, and the treatment has progressed from salpingectomy by laparotomy to conservative surgery by laparoscopy and more recently to medical therapy. This therapeutic transition from surgical emergency to medical management has been attributed to early diagnosis through the use of sensitive assays for hCG and the high definition of vaginal ultrasound. By using these sensitive diagnostic tools, we are now able to select those patients who are most likely to respond to medical management versus those who are at high risk of rupture and require surgery. Besides being less invasive and associated with significantly lower risks, medical therapy with methotrexate results in significant cost savings, which have been calculated to be approximately $3,000 per treated patient. Our goal is to identify those patients with ectopic pregnancy who are most likely to respond to methotrexate therapy and least likely to develop significant side effects. Recent studies have helped us define the predictors of success with methotrexate treatment in women with ectopic pregnancy. The reported success rates of treating ectopic pregnancy with methotrexate vary from 71% to 100%. The highest success rates have been reported from institutions that have detailed diagnostic and therapeutic protocols, readily available assays for serum hCG levels, high-resolution vaginal probe ultrasound, and support staff that can closely monitor clinical response. The importance of developing specific protocols to create a clinical environment that supports the effective use of medical therapy for ectopic pregnancy is confirmed by the associated cost savings, decreased morbidity, and patient preference. Modern diagnostic advances and minimally invasive treatments coupled with improved success rates for assisted reproductive technologies should reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with ectopic pregnancy and offer the affected couple a much more optimistic outlook for subsequent reproductive potential.
Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation of β‐Ketoesters with Allylic Alcohols by a Nickel/Diphosphine Catalyst (2015)

Asymmetric allylic alkylation of β-ketoesters with allylic alcohols catalyzed by [Ni(cod)2]/(S)-H8-BINAP was found to be a superior synthetic protocol for constructing quaternary chiral centers at the α-position of β-ketoesters. The reaction proceeded in high yield and with high enantioselectivity using various β-ketoesters and allylic alcohols, without any additional activators. The versatility of this methodology for accessing useful and enantioenriched products was demonstrated.
Enhancement and Stabilization of Pulsed Streamer Discharge in Water by Adding Carbon Nanotubes (2010)

Effects of adding single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) on pulsed streamer discharge characteristics in water were investigated. Adding a small amount of SWCNTs to deionized water generated stable streamer discharge. The number of streamer onset positions on a high-voltage wire electrode and the length of the streamer channels dramatically increased, in which the particles are larger than SWCNTs. The emission of the streamers became intense, and their propagation velocity increased rapidly in the SWCNT suspension. The SWCNTs' effects on the streamer discharge are discussed on the basis of a numerical calculation of the electric field around an SWCNT and a graphite powder particle. The electric field strength at the tip of a vertically standing SWCNT was strongly enhanced. The results suggested that adding SWCNTs to water could enhance and stabilize streamer discharge onset and its propagation.
Continuous infusion of physostigmine in patients with perioperative septic shock: A pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic study with population pharmacokinetic modeling (2019)

PK of physostigmine in patients with septic shock displayed substantial inter-individual variability with body weight and age influencing the clearance. Physostigmine inhibited AChE activity with a sigmoidal concentration-response effect.
The influence of the pore structure of hollow silica–alumina composite spheres on their activity for hydrolytic dehydrogenation of ammonia borane (2017)

Hollow silica–alumina composite spheres with a homogeneous pore structure showed unexpected high activity for hydrolysis of ammonia borane.
Supplementary Figure 6 from Antitumor Mechanisms of Targeting the PDK1 Pathway in Head and Neck Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 201KB, Biochemical effect of PDK1 targeting strategies on Akt and p70S6K.&lt;/p&gt;
Using Regional Economic Indexes to Forecast Tax Bases: Evidence from New York (2005)

This paper evaluates the use of measures of regional economic activity to forecast tax revenues for New York State and New York City at 3-, 6-, and 12-month horizons. We construct sales- and withholding-tax base series and then apply the methodology of Stock and Watson (1989, 1991) to estimate regional indexes of coincident economic indicators. Employing an out-of-sample forecasting framework, we find that the use of the coincident indexes leads to statistically and economically significant improvements in tax base forecasts compared to those generated from univariate autoregressions. In addition, the coincident indexes produce forecasts that are generally more accurate than forecasts that rely on the use of the coincident indicators separately. Though our analysis focuses on forecasting movements in tax revenue at the state or local level, it is also intended to draw attention to the value the indexes may provide in other applications.
Microflow chemistry and its electrification for sustainable chemical manufacturing (2022)

Sustainability is vital in solving global societal problems. Still, it requires a holistic view by considering renewable energy and carbon sources, recycling waste streams, environmentally friendly resource extraction and handling, and green manufacturing. Flow chemistry at the microscale can enable continuous sustainable manufacturing by opening up new operating windows, precise residence time control, enhanced mixing and transport, improved yield and productivity, and inherent safety. Furthermore, integrating microfluidic systems with alternative energy sources, such as microwaves and plasmas, offers tremendous promise for electrifying and intensifying modular and distributed chemical processing. This review provides an overview of microflow chemistry, electrification, their integration toward sustainable manufacturing, and their application to biomass upgrade (a select number of other processes are also touched upon). Finally, we identify critical areas for future research, such as matching technology to the scale of the application, techno-economic analysis, and life cycle assessment.
STUDY OF THE LARGE-SCALE BORED PILES ON THE HORIZONTAL LOAD AND THEIR CALCULATION (2018)

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Overexpression of Selenomonas ruminantium Phytase with High Specific Activity in Pichia pastoris (2004)

Utilization of the phytase with high specific activity is a useful way to improve the fermentation potency ofphytase in recombinant host and decrease the production cost. The gene phyS encoding phytase with high specific activityfrom ruminal bacteria Selenomonas ruminantium was modified for the optimal expression according to bias in codon choiceof high expression gene in Pichia pastoris. Further, the modified phytae gene phyS(m) and the origin phytase gene phySwithout origin signal peptide sequence were cloned into the plasmid pPIC9 under the control of AOX1 promoter andintroduced into the host Pichia pastoris by electroporation, respectively. The concentration of the phytase expressed byP. pastoris with modified gene phyS(m) was 10 times higher than that of recombinant P. pastoris with non-modified genephyS in shake culture. In 5-liter fermentor in fed-batch fermentation, the expression level of phytase in recombinant P.pastoris with modified gene phyS(m) was increased to 4mgml-1 and 1.6106IUml-1, which was the highest in fermentationpotency among all of the reported recombinant strain.