gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Toll-Like Receptor-3-Activated Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Significantly Prolong the Survival and Function of Neutrophils (2011)

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) are stromal precursors endowed with extensive immunomodulative properties. In this study, we aimed to assess whether Toll-like receptor-3 (TLR3)- and TLR4-activated BM-MSC influence human neutrophil (PMN) responses under coculture conditions. We show that TLR3 triggering by polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid dramatically amplifies, in a more significant manner than TLR4 triggering by lipopolysaccharide, the antiapoptotic effects that resting BM-MSC constitutively exert on PMN under coculture conditions, preserving a significant fraction of viable and functional PMN up to 72 hours. In addition, TLR3- and TLR4-activated BM-MSC enhance respiratory burst ability and CD11b expression by PMN. The coculture in the absence of cell contact and the incubation of PMN in supernatants harvested from TLR3- and TLR4-activated BM-MSC yield comparable results in terms of increased survival and immunophenotypic changes, thus suggesting the involvement of endogenous soluble factors. Neutralizing experiments reveal that the biological effects exerted on PMN by TLR3-activated BM-MSC are mediated by the combined action of interleukin 6, interferon-β (IFN-β), and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), while those exerted by TLR4-activated BM-MSC mostly depend on GM-CSF. MSC isolated from thymus, spleen, and subcutaneous adipose tissue behaves similarly. Finally, the effects exerted by TLR3- or TLR4-stimulated BM-MSC on PMN are conserved even after the previous priming of BM-MSC with IFN-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α. Our data highlight a novel mechanism by which MSC sustain and amplify the functions of PMN in response to TLR3- and TLR4-triggering and may consequently contribute to inflammatory disorders.
Production of transuranium elements (1993)

The Radiochemical Engineering Development Center (REDC) has the programmatic responsibility for the Department of Energy`s Transuranium Element Program. Principle elements from the program are einsteinium, berkelium, and fermium. Targets containing curium oxide mixed with aluminum powder are fabricated by the REDC and irradiated in the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) High Flux Isotope Reactor. Following an irradiation period of 6-12 months, targets are returned to the REDC for chemical processing. Processing operations consists of aluminum dejacketing in a caustic-nitrate solution, filtration, acid dissolution, solvent extraction, anion exchange, and finally a cation exchange to recover the actinides. The processing operations take place in heavily shielded hot cell facilities and all operations are carried out remotely. The chemistry for the separations has been well established over the 26-yr. operating life of the facility.
Pressure Dependence of the Elastic Constants and an Experimental Equation of State for CaF2 (1967)

The elastic constants of Ca${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$ have been measured under hydrostatic pressure to 4 kbar and at temperatures of 77.35, 194.5, 273.15, and 295.5\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The ultrasonic data are analyzed according to the self-consistent method suggested by Cook. The result gives the adiabatic as well as the isothermal elastic constants directly as a function of pressure. From the pressure derivatives of the bulk modulus, we extrapolate the isotherms according to the Murnagham equation of state. The effective Debye temperature and Gr\"uneisen constants have been calculated also as a function of pressure and temperature. While the Debye temperature at 4.2\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K agrees well with other experiments, the Gr\"uneisen constants calculated from the pressure derivatives of the elastic constants differ significantly from the macroscopic values. The reason is discussed. Our data are insufficient to resolve the discrepancy between the $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ calculated by Ganesan and Srinivasan and the $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ calculated from Batchelder and Simmons's experiment. Further experiments at low temperatures are needed.
Studies in ring opening polymerisation, 6. Tertiary base initiated polymerisation of 5‐phenyl‐1,3‐dioxolan‐2,4‐dione (1981)

Abstract 5‐Phenyl‐1,3‐dioxolan‐2,4‐dione (the anhydrocarboxylate derivative of mandelic acid) has been shown to undergo polymerisation in the presence of tertiary organic bases such as pyridine in a reaction that has somewhat unusual characteristics. Thus, although the reaction in nitrobenzene shows first‐order kinetic dependence on both monomer and pyridine over a reasonable concentration range, the pyridine is not consumed and does not appear to control the molecular weight of the resultant polymer. The most important factor in controlling molecular weight is the presence of adventitious moisture which enters into the polymerisation process producing poly‐α‐esters that are hydroxyl/carboxyl terminated. The rate of polymerisation increases progressively as pyridine is replaced by 2‐methylpyridine and 2,6‐dimethylpyridine but decreases dramatically when 2‐methoxypyridine is used, indicating the importance of the basicity of the attacking species. The results are interpreted in terms of the interaction of the basic nitrogen and the C‐4 ring carbonyl leading to the formation of a transient charge transfer complex which subsequently decomposes to form pyridine, carbon dioxide and the α‐lactone. The chain growth process involves the interaction of the α‐lactone with any nucleophiles present which control the molecular weight and nature of the end groups.
Linear Thermal Expansion Coefficient of the NaCl Phase of CsCl (1964)

The linear thermal-expansion coefficient of the lowtemperature phase of CsCl, alpha (T) = DELTA l/l(T) DELTA T, where T is the average temperature in the interval DELTA T, was determined to be 4.78 x 10/sup -5/ (C deg )/sup -1/ between 50 and 150 deg C. The average expansion coefficient between 570 and 590 deg C in the NaCl phase was 5.1 x 10/sup -5/ (C deg )/sup -1/ with an estimated error of 10% based on the reproducibility. Just below the phase change the lattice parameter expansion coefficient is 6.6 x 10/sup -5/ (C deg )/sup -1/ and the NaCl phase is seen to have a lower expansion coefficient than the more closely packed CsCl phase. (P.C.H.)
Certified Robust Control under Adversarial Perturbations (2023)

Autonomous systems increasingly rely on machine learning techniques to transform high-dimensional raw inputs into predictions that are then used for decision-making and control. However, it is often easy to maliciously manipulate such inputs and, as a result, predictions. While effective techniques have been proposed to certify the robustness of predictions to adversarial input perturbations, such techniques have been disembodied from control systems that make downstream use of the predictions. We propose the first approach for composing robustness certification of predictions with respect to raw input perturbations with robust control to obtain certified robustness of control to adversarial input perturbations. We use a case study of adaptive vehicle control to illustrate our approach and show the value of the resulting end-to-end certificates through extensive experiments.
Neodymium:YAG laser peripheral iridotomy as a possible cause of zonular dehiscence during phacoemulsification cataract surgery (2010)

Case report A 73-year-old Caucasian woman with bilateral cataracts was listed for surgery. Her ocular history included prophylactic bilateral Nd:YAG LPIs for narrow angles (Figures 1a and b). The laser treatment was performed 12 months earlier after acute intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation occurred bilaterally, following dilation with Tropicamide 1%. Her IOPs were normal and the rest of the ocular examination was unremarkable. There was no history of trauma or known systemic disease that could predispose to zonular abnormalities. During routine phacoemulsification, zonular dehiscence was observed at the stage of cortical aspiration, corresponding to the area of the LPIs (Figures 1c and d). Six months later, the other eye was operated on by a more experienced surgeon and extra care was taken to avoid a similar problem. Despite this, zonular dehiscence occurred at the same location and at the same stage of surgery (Figures 1c and d). A superior approach (10–11 o’clock position) was used and bimanual irrigation–aspiration was used in both surgeries. Posterior chamber intraocular lens implants were inserted in the capsular bag and no further intraoperative or postoperative complications occurred. Her bestcorrected visual acuity was 6/6 bilaterally six months postoperatively.
[Ag4(SCH2C6H4CH2S)3]2−, ein neuartiges mehrkerniges Silberthiolat mit trigonal-planarer Koordination aller Silberatome und zentralem [Ag4S6]-Käfig (1987)

Der erste Silberkomplex mit [M4S6]-Einheit, das Anion 1, konnte erst jetzt synthetisiert werden; für Cu1-Komplexe mit dieser Einheit gibt es zahlreiche Beispiele. Der [Ag4S6]-Käfig besteht –idealisiert – aus einem S6-Oktaeder mit Ag4-Tetraeder, das so angeordnet ist, daß die Oktaederflächen abwechselnd mit Ag-Atomen besetzt sind. Im Bild rechts sind die Ag-Atome schwarz markiert.
Radar measurements of borehole geometry on the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets (1985)

Abstract A method for measuring the geometry of boreholes in glaciers has been developed and tested in Greenland and Antarctica. Coordinates of points along the borehole are determined by lowering a passive radar target into the borehole and then tracking the target from three surface stations. Comparison of geometry interpreted from radar data and from a conventional inclinometry experiment indicates that radar data can be used to estimate average borehole inclination and azimuth but cannot be used to measure details of the borehole geometry that are revealed by conventional inclinometry surveys. Random error introduced by variations in the physical properties of the glacier and electrical noise in the radar unit limit measurement accuracy, but the accuracy can be improved by establishing additional surface radar stations around the borehole. These experiments demonstrate the utility of the radar method and suggest the possibility of deploying permanently installed radar targets in ice sheets to measure intraglacial movements.
An experimental test of the LPM effect: Bremsstrahlung suppression at high energies (1992)

We are preparing an experiment at SLAC to test the LPM (Landau-Pomeranchuk-Migda) effect. In bremsstrahlung from high energy electrons, the longitudinal momentum transferred from the nucleus is very small. Then, by the uncertainty principle, the interaction must occur over a distance much larger than the atomic scale. In the LPM effect, multiple scattering changes the electron trajectory within the interaction distance, and so suppresses the bremsstrahlung. This effect, predicted in the 1950's, has never been quantitatively studied. For dense, high Z, targets in a 25 GeV electron beam, suppression is significant for photons below a few hundred MeV. By comparing bremsstrahlung from targets of different (Pb, U, W and C), it is possible to measure the suppression accurately. We will also study the longitudinal density effect, where very low energy photon emission is suppressed due to the dielectric effect of the medium.
Individuality-preserving Voice Conversion for Articulation Disorders Using Dictionary Selective Non-negative Matrix Factorization (2014)

We present in this paper a voice conversion (VC) method for a person with an articulation disorder resulting from athetoid cerebral palsy. The movements of such speakers are limited by their athetoid symptoms, and their consonants are often unstable or unclear, which makes it difficult for them to communicate. In this paper, exemplar-based spectral conversion using Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) is applied to a voice with an articulation disorder. In order to preserve the speaker's individuality, we use a combined dictionary that was constructed from the source speaker's vowels and target speaker's consonants. However, this exemplar-based approach needs to hold all the training exemplars (frames), and it may cause mismatching of phonemes between input signals and selected exemplars. In this paper, in order to reduce the mismatching of phoneme alignment, we propose a phoneme-categorized sub-dictionary and a dictionary selection method using NMF. The effectiveness of this method was confirmed by comparing its effectiveness with that of a conventional Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM)-based and conventional NMFbased method.
Robust and Responsive Dendrimer–Gold Nanoparticle Nanocomposites via Dithiocarbamate Crosslinking (2009)

A simple and reliable one-step technique is developed to form robust PAMAM dendrimer–gold nanoparticle nanocomposites using dithiocarbamate-based chemistry. The interparticle spacing and optical properties of films can be readily tuned by controlling the dendrimer generation and/or the mole ratio between dendrimers and nanoparticles. The technique is also used to obtain patterned materials on prepatterned surfaces. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
<title>Acousto-optic interaction of two-color beam in isotropy media</title> (1999)

Bragg acousto-optic interaction in isotropy media is considered. The basic idea of this diffraction is grounded on the splitting the incident two-color light into two separate beams due to Snell's law and the fitting the Bragg synchronism for every beam and a single acoustic wave. Two variants of such diffraction are possible: diffracted beams propagate at one side respect to the incident beam, and they propagate at opposite sides respect to incident one. We have shown that the first variant is preferable for applications because of better fulfilling of Bragg diffraction conditions.
NAMS: A networked acoustic modem system for underwater applications (2011)

In this paper, we present a networked acoustic modem system (NAMS) by integrating a high-speed OFDM modem and a comprehensive underwater network protocol stack for underwater applications. This integrated system allows different underwater network protocols to run on top of the OFDM modem platform and can provide high-speed, reliable and efficient communications in underwater environments.
The Late Start and Amazing Upswing in Gold Chemistry (2014)

Probably owing to the prejudice that gold is a metal too noble to be used much in chemistry, the chemistry of this element has developed much later than that of its congeners and neighbors in the periodic table. In fact, before and after the time of alchemists, and up to the 20th century, all chemistry of gold was mainly performed in attempts to provide humans with more gold metal for jewelry and coinage. The potential of the chemistry of gold was left largely unexplored. Now, within only a quarter of a century, gold chemistry has become one of the most popular areas of research and technology. In mostly interdisciplinary endeavors, gold and its alloys and compounds have become the focus of projects in quantum chemistry, homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis, surface science, metal clusters, nanotechnology, photophysics, and medicine. As a particular benefit, these application-oriented studies have further promoted investigations into the fundamentals of the chemistry of this element. Gold exhibits some extreme properties owing to particularly strong relativistic effects. This review summarizes several recent exciting advances in gold chemistry.
Assessment of the fundamental accuracy of the Jendrassik-Gróf total and direct bilirubin assays. (1983)

Abstract Using unconjugated bilirubin (Bu) and authentic human disconjugated bilirubin (dBc) supplemented in low-bilirubin serum pools, we have directly verified for the first time that the Jendrassik-Gróf total bilirubin assay modified after Doumas et al. (Clin. Chem. 19: 984-993, 1973) detects Bu and dBc quantitatively, in Bu-equivalent concentrations relative to gravimetric concentration assignment reinforced with quantification by nuclear magnetic resonance (Wu et al., Clin. Chem. 26: 1323-1335, 1980). By contrast, the Jendrassik-Gróf direct bilirubin assay (also modified after Doumas) quantifies only 70 +/- 5% of the gravimetrically determined dBc as Bu equivalents. By using Bu and dBc (instead of Bu only, as is routinely done) to calibrate the responses of the total and direct bilirubin assays, the analyses of Bu and dBc become much more quantitative. We mathematically explored the meanings of the conventional terms total, direct, and indirect bilirubins. The clinical and diagnostic implications of our observations are discussed.
Exchange of avatars : Toward a better perception and understanding (2014)

The exchange of avatars, i.e. the actual fact of changing once avatar with another one, is a promising trend in multi-actor virtual environments. It provides new opportunities for users, such as controlling a different avatar for a specific action, retrieving knowledge belonging to a particular avatar, solving conflicts and deadlocks situations or even helping another user. Virtual Environments for Training are especially affected by this trend as a specific role derived from a scenario is usually assigned to a unique avatar. Despite the increasing use of avatar exchange, users' perception and understanding of this mechanism have not been studied. In this paper, we propose two complementary user-centered evaluations that aim at comparing several representations for the exchange of avatars; these are termed exchange metaphors. Our first experiment focuses on the perception of an exchange by a user who is not involved in the exchange, and the second experiment analyzes the perception of an exchange triggered by the user. Results show that the use of visual feedback globally aids better understanding of the exchange mechanism in both cases. Our first experiment suggests, however, that visual feedback is less efficient than a simple popup notification in terms of task duration. In addition, the second experiment shows that much simpler metaphors with no visual effect are generally preferred because of their efficiency.
A Balanced Dual-Band BPF with High CM Suppression and Improved Selectivity (2019)

Abstract In this paper, a balanced dual-band bandpass filter (BPF) is designed based on microstrip folded stepped impedance split ring resonators (SISRRs) and balanced microstrip/slotline transition structures. The center frequencies and the fractional bandwidths (FBWs) of the two differential-mode (DM) passbands can be tuned by changing the physical lengths of two SISRRs and the gaps between the two resonators, respectively. The balanced microstrip/slotline transition structures can achieve a wideband common-mode (CM) suppression. Moreover, the DM passbands are independent from the CM responses, which significantly simplifies the design procedure. In addition, due to 0-degree feed structure and cross coupling structure, more transmission zeros can be realized, which can improve the passbands selectivity greatly. In order to validate the design strategies, a balanced dual-band BPF centered at 2.47 GHz and 5.21 GHz was fabricated and a good agreement between the simulated and measured results is observed.
Performance of Low-Cost Carbon-Based Adsorbent on Desulfurization of Heavy Gas Oil (2021)

This chapter discusses the performance of low-cost activated carbon for adsorptive desulfurization of heavy gas oil. The activated carbon adsorbent was prepared from exhausted coffee residue by steam activation. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that steam activated carbon contained aromatic C=C bonds and acidic functional groups on the surface. Adsorptive desulfurization on steam activated carbon involved the acid–base and π–π stacking interaction mechanisms. The sulfur compounds adsorption on steam activated carbon obeyed pseudo–first order kinetics. Mechanism insights revealed that surface adsorption and intraparticle diffusion controlled the rate of adsorption, and adsorption of sulfur compounds on activated carbon involved physisorption through electrostatic forces.
Recent failures of new potential symptomatic treatments for parkinson's disease: Causes and solutions (2004)

One major goal of current research in Parkinson's disease (PD) is the discovery of novel agents to improve symptomatic management. The object of these new treatments should be to provide effective symptom control throughout the course of the disease without the development of side effects such as motor and psychiatric complications. Results of several clinical trials of new treatment options reported in the past 2 years have shown negative or unsatisfactory results. Most of the drugs and surgical procedures used in these studies had been tested previously in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) monkeys as well as in the classic 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rat model. They raise several questions about the true reliability of animal studies, the adequacy of the working hypotheses and design of clinical trials, the validity of tools in current use to evaluate a specific effect, and the selectivity of the drugs used. All these factors may explain failure. This review focuses on pharmacological and surgical treatments tested to improve the management of patients with motor fluctuations and dyskinesias. Some of the recent trials and possible reasons for their lack of success are critically analysed. Finally, some suggestions to avoid further failures and improve results are proposed.
The preparation and characterisation of cationic formyl complexes of ruthenium(II); crystal and molecular structure of the complex trans-bis[1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane-PP′]carbonyl(deuterioformyl)ruthenium(II) hexafluoroantimonate–dichloromethane(1/1) (1983)

Reactions of the complexes trans-[Ru(CO)2(dppe)2][SbF6]2(dppe = Ph2PCH2CH2PPh2) or cis-[Ru(CO)2(dppm)2][SbF6]2(dppm = Ph2PCH2PPh2) with [Na{HB(OEt)3}] or [K{HB(OPri)3}] afford [Ru(CHO)(CO)(P–P)2][SbF6](P–P = dppe or dppm), without change of stereochemistry, in high yield. [Li(HBEt3)] gives [Ru(CHO)(CO)(P–P)2][BEt4], the counter ion being introduced as an impurity in [Li(HBEt3)]. [Li(DBEt3)] gives [Ru(CDO)(CO)(P–P)2][SbF6] and a 13C labelled analogue is prepared from trans-[Ru(13CO)2(dppe)2][SbFe6]2. The complexes are sufficiently stable in the solid state and in solution at –30 °C for full characterisation by spectroscopic means, one notable feature being the appearance of two peaks in the νC-H region of the i.r. spectrum of cis-[Ru(CHO)(CO)(dppm)2]Y(Y =[SbF6] or [BEt4]) attributable to Fermi resonance between pure νC-H and 2δC-H. trans-[Ru(CDO)(CO)(dppe)2][SbF6]·CH2Cl2 is orthorhombic, space group Pn21a(Pna21, no. 33), with a= 22.364(1), b= 20.244(2), c= 11.944(1)Å, and Z= 4. The structure was obtained from 1 752 observed intensities measured on an automatic diffractometer and refined to an R value of 0.084. The main features of interest are a long Ru–C (2.09 Å) bond and a Ru–C–O angle of 133°.