gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An aggressive worn-out flash block management scheme to alleviate SSD performance degradation (2014)

Since NAND flash cannot be updated in place, SSDs must perform all writes in pre-erased pages. Consequently, pages containing superseded data must be invalidated and garbage collected. This garbage collection adds significant cost in terms of the extra writes necessary to relocate valid pages from erasure candidates to clean blocks, causing the well-known write amplification problem. SSDs reserve a certain amount of flash space which is invisible to users, called over-provisioning space, to alleviate the write amplification problem. However, NAND blocks can support only a limited number of program/erase cycles. As blocks are retired due to exceeding the limit, the reduced size of the over-provisioning pool leads to degraded SSD performance.
Rapid selection of P323L in the SARS-CoV-2 polymerase (NSP12) in humans and non-human primate models and confers a large plaque phenotype (2021)

Abstract The mutational landscape of SARS-CoV-2 varies at both the dominant viral genome sequence and minor genomic variant population. An early change associated with transmissibility was the D614G substitution in the spike protein. This appeared to be accompanied by a P323L substitution in the viral polymerase (NSP12), but this latter change was not under strong selective pressure. Investigation of P323L/D614G changes in the human population showed rapid emergence during the containment phase and early surge phase of wave 1 in the UK. This rapid substitution was from minor genomic variants to become part of the dominant viral genome sequence. A rapid emergence of 323L but not 614G was observed in a non-human primate model of COVID-19 using a starting virus with P323 and D614 in the dominant genome sequence and 323L and 614G in the minor variant population. In cell culture, a recombinant virus with 323L in NSP12 had a larger plaque size than the same recombinant virus with P323. These data suggest that it may be possible to predict the emergence of a new variant based on tracking the distribution and frequency of minor variant genomes at a population level, rather than just focusing on providing information on the dominant viral genome sequence e.g., consensus level reporting. The ability to predict an emerging variant of SARS-CoV-2 in the global landscape may aid in the evaluation of medical countermeasures and non-pharmaceutical interventions.
Decision letter: PreBötzinger complex neurons drive respiratory modulation of blood pressure and heart rate (2020)

The PreBötzinger complex, which contains neurons that are the kernel for inspiratory rhythm generation, also contains sympathoexcitatory and parasympathoinhibitory neurons that drive respiratory-phase oscillations in blood pressure and heart rate.
A 19F‐NMR study of the membrane‐binding region of D‐lactate dehydrogenase of escherichia coli (1993)

D-Lactate dehydrogenase (D-LDH) is a membrane-associated respiratory enzyme of Escherichia coli. The protein is composed of 571 amino acid residues with a flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) cofactor, has a molecular weight of approximately 65,000, and requires lipids or detergents for full activity. We used NMR spectroscopy to investigate the structure of D-LDH and its interaction with phospholipids. We incorporated 5-fluorotryptophan (5F-Trp) into the native enzyme, which contains five tryptophan residues, and into mutant enzymes, where a sixth tryptophan is substituted into a specific site by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis, and studied the 5F-Trp-labeled enzymes using 19F-NMR spectroscopy. In this way, information was obtained about the local environment at each native and substituted tryptophan site. Using a nitroxide spin-labeled fatty acid, which broadens the resonance from any residue within 15 A, we have established that the membrane-binding area of the protein includes the region between Tyr 228 and Phe 369, but is not continuous within this region. This conclusion is strengthened by the results of 19F-NMR spectroscopy of wild-type enzyme labeled with fluorotyrosine or fluorophenylalanine in the presence and absence of a nitroxide spin-labeled fatty acid. These experiments indicate that 9-10 Phe and 3-4 Tyr residues are located near the lipid phase.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells Transfer Mitochondria to the Cells with Virtually No Mitochondrial Function but Not with Pathogenic mtDNA Mutations (2012)

It has been reported that human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can transfer mitochondria to the cells with severely compromised mitochondrial function. We tested whether the reported intercellular mitochondrial transfer could be replicated in different types of cells or under different experimental conditions, and tried to elucidate possible mechanism. Using biochemical selection methods, we found exponentially growing cells in restrictive media (uridine(-) and bromodeoxyuridine [BrdU](+)) during the coculture of MSCs (uridine-independent and BrdU-sensitive) and 143B-derived cells with severe mitochondrial dysfunction induced by either long-term ethidium bromide treatment or short-term rhodamine 6G (R6G) treatment (uridine-dependent but BrdU-resistant). The exponentially growing cells had nuclear DNA fingerprint patterns identical to 143B, and a sequence of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) identical to the MSCs. Since R6G causes rapid and irreversible damage to mitochondria without the removal of mtDNA, the mitochondrial function appears to be restored through a direct transfer of mitochondria rather than mtDNA alone. Conditioned media, which were prepared by treating mtDNA-less 143B ρ(0) cells under uridine-free condition, induced increased chemotaxis in MSC, which was also supported by transcriptome analysis. Cytochalasin B, an inhibitor of chemotaxis and cytoskeletal assembly, blocked mitochondrial transfer phenomenon in the above condition. However, we could not find any evidence of mitochondrial transfer to the cells harboring human pathogenic mtDNA mutations (A3243G mutation or 4,977 bp deletion). Thus, the mitochondrial transfer is limited to the condition of a near total absence of mitochondrial function. Elucidation of the mechanism of mitochondrial transfer will help us create a potential cell therapy-based mitochondrial restoration or mitochondrial gene therapy for human diseases caused by mitochondrial dysfunction.
Evaluation of stabilization/solidification of an inorganic wood-preserving waste. Final report (1993)

This report presents the results of testing performed on a stabilized/solidified (S/S) inorganic wood-preserving waste. The contaminants found in the waste are primarily arsenic and chromium. Three S/S processes were evaluated in this study. They include the following: (a) a cement process, (b) a kiln dust process, and (c) a hme/fly ash process. Physical and leaching characteristics of the S/S waste materials were evaluated. Physical characteristics were evaluated using the unconfined compressive strength test. The waste-leaching characteristics were evaluated using the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP). Physical test results showed that S/S waste developed 28-day strengths ranging from 44 to 916 psi. Results of the chemical leach tests showed that S/S did reduce the amount of arsenic and chromium found in the extract but the levels were not met for the TCLP test.... Contaminant immobilization, Waste disposal, Hazardous waste, Wood preserving, Solidification.
Distinct Developmental Patterns of Expression of Rat α1, α5, γ2S, andα12Lγ‐Aminobutyric AcidA Receptor Subunit mRNAs In Vivo and In Vitro (1992)

We have quantitated the alpha 1, alpha 5, gamma 2S, and gamma 2L gamma-aminobutyric acidA (GABAA) receptor subunit mRNAs in the maturing cerebellum in vivo and in cerebellar granule neurons differentiating in vitro. Absolute amounts of mRNA were measured by reverse transcription and competitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis with appropriate internal standards. The alpha 1 and gamma 2L mRNA content increased continuously during postnatal cerebellar maturation and their changes with time matched very closely those of the cerebellar granule cells differentiating in vitro. The gamma 2S subunit mRNA showed a relatively constant pattern of expression both in vivo and in vitro, with comparable absolute concentrations in both developmental paradigms. The alpha 5 mRNA was initially high in vivo and decreased (eight-fold) to adult levels as postnatal cerebellar development progressed. In vitro the amount of alpha 5 GABAA receptor subunit mRNA was higher than in vivo at 3 days, increased by more than twofold by 8 days, and declined to approximately the initial values at 23 and 28 days in vitro. Collectively, the results indicate that the alpha 1, alpha 5, gamma 2S, and gamma 2L GABAA receptor subunit mRNAs are regulated differentially in a temporal manner during in vivo and in vitro maturation. Moreover, a comparison of the ontogenetic profiles of the gamma 2S and gamma 2L mRNAs indicates that alternative splicing of the gamma 2 primary RNA transcript is regulated developmentally during postnatal maturation of the rat cerebellum.
Novel photochemical synthesis of 2-aryl-1,3-cyclohexanediones (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNovel photochemical synthesis of 2-aryl-1,3-cyclohexanedionesThomas N. WheelerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1979, 44, 26, 4906–4912Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1979https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00394a034RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views653Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (701 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Re-evaluation of the Acid Dissociation Constants of the Hydroxyl Groups in Tetrasodium 25,26,27,28-Tetrahydroxycalix[4]arene-5,11,17,23-tetrasulfonate (1992)

Abstract The acid dissociation constants of the hydroxyl groups in tetrasodium 25,26,27,28-tetrahydroxycalix[4]arene-5,11,17,23-tetrasulfonate (CALX-S4) were determined at 25 °C by potentiometric and spectrophotometric titration methods. The first acid dissociation constant(pKa1) was found to be 3.26 ± 0.02 (μ = 0.1 with KNO3), which demonstrated a remarkable pKa shift due to intramolecular hydrogen-bonding interactions among the hydroxyl groups in CALX-S4. On the other hand, considerably weak acidities were observed on the residual three hydroxyl groups of CALX-S4 (pKa2 = 11.8 ± 0.3 (μ = 0.1 with KNO3), 11.3 ± 0.3 (μ = 2.0 with KCl), pKa3 = 12.8 ± 0.3 (μ = 2.0 with KCl), and pKa4= ca. 14 (μ = 2.0 with KCl)).
Particle distribution variation on linear and circular polarization persistence in fog environments. (2018)

Abstract not provided.
A Hierarchy of Network Performance Characteristics for Grid Applications and Services (2004)

This document describes a standard set of network characteristics that are useful for Grid applications and services as well as a classification hierarchy for these characteristics. The goal of this work is to identify the various types of network measurements according to the network characteristic they measure and the network entity on which they are taken. This document defines standard terminology to describe those measurements, but it does not attempt to define new standard measurement methodologies or attempt to define the best measurement methodologies to use for grid applications. However, it does attempt to point out the advantages and disadvantages of different measurement methodologies. This document was motivated by the need for the interchange of measurements taken by various systems in the Grid and to develop a common dictionary to facilitate discussions about and specifications for measurement systems. The application of this naming system will facilitate the creation of common schemata for describing network monitoring data in Grid Monitoring and Discovery Services, and thus help to address portability issues between the wide variety of network measurements used between sites of a Grid.
Pretreatment with antibiotics is associated with reduced therapeutic response to atezolizumab plus bevacizumab in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (2023)

Prior ATB use was associated with reduced therapeutic responses in patients with HCC receiving atezolizumab plus bevacizumab.
Ophthalmological outcome following orbital resection in anterior and anterolateral skull base surgery (2001)

In most patients after partial excision of the orbital bones, elaborate reconstruction is not necessary. Isolated medial and lateral orbital wall defects or combined superior and lateral orbital wall defects, especially in cases in which the periorbita is intact, probably do not require primary reconstruction. In cases of orbital floor defects, whether isolated or part of a multiple wall resection, primary reconstruction is recommended.
CRYOPRESERVED MICROENCAPSULATED HEPATOCYTES—TRANSPLANTATION STUDIES IN GUNN RATS (1993)

Hepatocyte transplantation has been shown to provide significant metabolic support in several animal models of liver diseases. However, for it to be a viable alternative for supplementation of liver function in disease, large quantities of isolated hepatocytes would be necessary. At the present time there are no inexpensive routine methods for cryopreservation of hepatocytes. Existing procedures are cumbersome and require expensive programmable freezers. Hepatocyte cultures are sensitive and easily damaged in handling. By utilizing techniques of microencapsulation and cryopreservation we have attempted to overcome these problems. We have developed a simple, convenient, and inexpensive technique for the long-term storage of hepatocytes. Biological activity of the nonfrozen isolated encapsulated hepatocytes (IEH) and cryopreserved IEH (cIEH) was assessed both in tissue culture and by transplantation in Gunn rats. Significant urea and protein syntheses were detectable during the 10-day culture period even in the 30-day cIEH. Additionally, transplanted IEH and cIEH significantly reduced hyperbilirubinemia in Gunn rats for up to 30 days posttransplantation. Control (empty) microcapsules did not lower serum bilirubin levels. Thus we conclude: (1) cryopreservation of IEH is a convenient and cost-effective method for preserving and storing hepatocytes; (2) cryopreserved IEH function as well as nonfrozen IEH both in vitro and in vivo; (3) microencapsulation may protect hepatocytes from the adverse effects of cryopreservation.
La genèse de la force de dissuasion nucléaire française (2002)

Pour ma communication, j’ai privilégié trois thèmes : le rôle central du général de Gaulle, la crise du thermonucléaire et la propulsion nucléaire, en mettant l’accent sur les motivations des principales décisions et l’ampleur des conséquences de certaines options initiales. LES ARMES NUCLÉAIRES Situation en 1958 Comme chacun sait, les débuts de la Ve République ont été marqués en matière d’armement par la volonté du général de Gaulle de permettre à notre pays de reprendre le contrôle de son ...
LogTOTEM: A Logarithmic Neural Processor and its Implementation on an FPGA Fabric (2007)

This paper describes the design of a neural network architecture optimised for use with the reactive Tabu search (RTS) training algorithm. The neural network is built using the hybrid-logarithmic number system (hybrid-LNS) instead of the traditional fixed-point methods for the multiply-accumulate (MAC) unit contained in each neuron. The circuits have been designed and implemented using between 4 and 8 bits of fractional precision for the logarithmic representation of the weights and the data. The architecture is based on the existing TOTEM VLSI chip and contains 32 neurons each having a 256 times 10-bit weight RAM. The device has been implemented on a Virtex XCV600 device where it consumed less 6025 slices with 4 bits of fractional precision of the logarithms and 6280 slices with 5 bits of fractional precision. At 4-bits This represents a (45%) reduction in logic resources required by the neuron array and an overall reduction of 10% of the FPGA resources when compared to the SoftTOTEM device built using the same technology.
Oral lactoferrin for the prevention of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants (2011)

Oral lactoferrin prophylaxis reduces the incidence of late-onset sepsis in infants weighing less than 1500 g and most effective in infants weighing less than 1000 g. There is no evidence of efficacy of oral lactoferrin (given alone) in the prevention of NEC in preterm neonates.Well designed, randomized trials should address dosing, duration, type of lactoferrin (bovine or human) prophylaxis in prevention of sepsis and NEC. The effect of exclusive maternal milk feeding should be clarified.
Supplementary Methods from Mass Cytometric Functional Profiling of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Defines Cell-Cycle and Immunophenotypic Properties That Correlate with Known Responses to Therapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Methods&lt;/p&gt;
Dynamic two-axis curvature measurement using multicore fiber Bragg gratings interrogated by arrayed waveguide gratings (2006)

We describe the use of arrayed waveguide gratings (AWGs) in the interrogation of fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) for dynamic strain measurement. The ratiometric AWG output was calibrated in a static deflection experiment over a +/-200 microepsilon range. Dynamic strain measurement was demonstrated with a FBG in a conventional single-mode fiber mounted on the surface of a vibrating cantilever and on a piezoelectric actuator, giving a resolution of 0.5 microepsilon at 2.4 kHz. We present results of this technique extended to measure the dynamic differential strain between two FBG pairs within a multicore fiber. An arbitrary cantilever oscillation of the multicore fiber was determined from curvature measurements in two orthogonal axes at 1125 Hz with a resolution of 0.05 m(-1).
Abstract 2233: Comparison of Anatomical and Dynamic CT-derived Parameters between Scar, Border Zone and Healthy Myocardium in Patients Undergoing Ischemic VT Ablation (2008)

Background: Image integration in commerically available 3D mapping systems is currently only used for surface reconstruction of the blood pool/endocardial interface and does not provide any additional information about the myocardial scar substrate. Anatomic and dynamic data is available from high-resolution CT scans that could potentially identify scar and border zone and facilitate ventricular tachycardia ablations. Methods: Ten patients with ischemic cardiomypathy underwent contrast-enhanced cardiac CT prior to VT ablation. End-systole wall thickness (ESWT), end-diastole wall thickness (EDWS), wall thickening (WT) and wall motion (WM) were extracted from phase-specific, high-resolution CT. Using a 17 segment model CT criteria were compared with endocardial voltages using the standard clinical criteria of normal (&lt;1.5mV) or abnormal myocardium (&lt;1.5mV) as well as scar (&lt;0.5mV) and border zone (0.5–1.5mV). As proof-of-concept, endo/epicardial surfaces were reconstructed from the CT datasets and co-registered in a 3D mapping system to guide intra-procedural voltage mapping. Results: 50% of segments were homogenous, containing only voltages of one of the predefined voltage groups, and used for further analysis (26 abnormal/34 normal segments). EDWT, ESWT, WT and WM were 5.8±0.4mm, 5.7±0.6mm, 0±4% and 1.0±0.3mm for abnormal and 8.1±0.5mm, 10.9±0.7mm, 35.7±6.6% and 2.7±0.6mm for healthy segments, respectively. All four parameters differed significantly (P&lt;0.05) between healthy and abnormal segments. In subgroup analyses, EDWT, ESWT, WT and WM were 6.8±1.4mm, 7.0±2.1, 0±14% and 1.3±1.1mm for scar and 4.0±1.0m, 3.7±1.2mm, 0±11%mm and 0.0±0.0mm for border zone segments. All parameters differed significantly between scar and healthy (P&lt;0.05), border zone and healthy (P&lt;0.05) segments respectively. Registration of endo/epicardial surfaces allowed the intraprocedural assessment of wall thickness and correctly predicted areas of abnormal endocardial voltage. Conclusions: CT derived anatomic and dynamic parameters showed significant differences between voltage-defined normal and abnormal myocardium. Representation of such parameters such as wall thickness may facilitate the intraprocedural substrate characterization.
An interactive geographic information system to inform optimal locations for healthcare services (2023)

Large health datasets can provide evidence for the equitable allocation of healthcare resources and access to care. Geographic information systems (GIS) can help to present this data in a useful way, aiding in health service delivery. An interactive GIS was developed for the adult congenital heart disease service (ACHD) in New South Wales, Australia to demonstrate its feasibility for health service planning. Datasets describing geographic boundaries, area-level demographics, hospital driving times, and the current ACHD patient population were collected, linked, and displayed in an interactive clinic planning tool. The current ACHD service locations were mapped, and tools to compare current and potential locations were provided. Three locations for new clinics in rural areas were selected to demonstrate the application. Introducing new clinics changed the number of rural patients within a 1-hour drive of their nearest clinic from 44·38% to 55.07% (79 patients) and reduced the average driving time from rural areas to the nearest clinic from 2·4 hours to 1·8 hours. The longest driving time was changed from 10·9 hours to 8·9 hours. A de-identified public version of the GIS clinic planning tool is deployed at https://cbdrh.shinyapps.io/ACHD_Dashboard/. This application demonstrates how a freely available and interactive GIS can be used to aid in health service planning. In the context of ACHD, GIS research has shown that adherence to best practice care is impacted by patients' accessibility to specialist services. This project builds on this research by providing opensource tools to build more accessible healthcare services.
Stack algorithm for recursive deconvolution of Bernoulli-Gaussian processes (seismic exploration) (1990)

The deconvolution of pulse trains modeled as Bernoulli-Gaussian processes is addressed. The detector presented implements a stack Viterbi algorithm with a parametric level of suboptimality. Simulation results are satisfactory, even in the difficult case of a poor spectral content of the wavelet. The recursive and parallel structure of the method allows fast data processing on modern architectures.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>