gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
GeOx interfacial layer scavenging remotely induced by metal electrode in metal/HfO2/GeOx/Ge capacitors (2016)

The metal gate electrodes of Ni, W, and Pt have been investigated for their scavenging effect: a reduction of the GeOx interfacial layer (IL) between HfO2 dielectric and Ge substrate in metal/HfO2/GeOx/Ge capacitors. All the capacitors were fabricated using the same process except for the material used in the metal electrodes. Capacitance-voltage measurements, scanning transmission electron microscopy, and electron energy loss spectroscopy were conducted to confirm the scavenging of GeOx IL. Interestingly, these metals are observed to remotely scavenge the interfacial layer, reducing its thickness in the order of Ni, W, and then Pt. The capacitance equivalent thickness of these capacitors with Ni, W, and Pt electrodes are evaluated to be 2.7 nm, 3.0 nm, and 3.5 nm, and each final remnant physical thickness of GeOx IL layer is 1.1 nm 1.4 nm, and 1.9 nm, respectively. It is suggested that the scavenging effect induced by the metal electrodes is related to the concentration of oxygen vacancies generated by oxidation reaction at the metal/HfO2 interface.
Microfluidic Passive Flow Regulatory Device with an Integrated Check Valve for Enhanced Flow Control (2019)

A passive microvalve has appealing advantages in cost-effective and miniaturized microfluidic applications. In this work, we present a passive flow regulatory device for enhanced flow control in a microfluidic environment. The device was integrated with two functional elements, including a flow regulating valve and a flow check valve. Importantly, the flow regulating valve could maintain a stable flow rate over a threshold liquid pressure, and the flow check valve enabled effective liquid on/off control, thus accurate forward flow without any backward leakage was achieved. The flow performance of the flow regulating valve was analyzed through 3D FSI (Fluid-Structure Interaction) simulation, and several key parameters (i.e., fluidic channel height and width, control channel length, and Young's modulus) were found to influence valve flow rate directly. To examine the flow characteristics of the device, we fabricated a prototype using 3D printing and UV laser cutting technologies, and the flow rates of the prototype under varied test pressures were measured in forward and reverse modes, respectively. Experimental results showed that nearly a constant flow rate of 0.42 ± 0.02 mL s<sup>-1</sup> was achieved in the forward mode at an inlet pressure range of 70 kPa to 130 kPa, and liquid flow was totally stopped in the reverse mode at a maximum pressure of 200 kPa. The proposed microfluidic flow regulatory device could be employed for accurate flow control in low-cost and portable Lab-on-a-Chip (LoC) applications.
Investigation of magneto-optical properties for optical fiber based devices (2007)

The digital traffic increased manifold over the years with increasing number o f users of the internet irom home based PCs to large businesses and research organizations. Electronic switching is a mature and sophisticated technology; however, the optical signals require conversion to electronic form in order to be switched. All optical switching eliminates the optical-electronic-optical conversions. Advances in all optical technologies coupled with rapidly rising demands for network bandwidths are fueling an increasing amount of research in the field o f optical switching. Some o f the current technologies are micro-electro-mechanical-systems technology and electro-optic teclmology. However the former technique is slow with switching times in the order of milliseconds and the latter method although fast is expensive. Magneto-optical materials have been successfully used in optical devices such as isolators and circulators; however, they have overall led to very few optical fiber based applications especially in optical communications. The emphasis of this thesis is the investigation of Faraday rotation for small beam sizes that are compatible with standard single mode and multimode optical fibers. Rare earth iron garnet films suitable for optical communication wavelengths in the 1310 nm and 1550 nm range were used due to their high magneto-optical figures o f merit, which is the ratio of optical absorption to Faraday rotation. The Faraday rotation for an optical beam size that is comparable to the domain width o f the given magnetic material is different than the linear Faraday rotation expected for a large beam size. For the first time the nonlinearity of the Faraday rotation for a small optical beam size has been experimentally studied. The Stoner-Wohlfarth astroid model predicts very well the observed Faraday rotation. This abrupt transition is generally sought after in the design of devices especially switching devices. This work e). tends the application o f magneto-optical materials to all fiber devices which includes high speed switches as well as interferometers. A Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) based on Faraday rotation is proposed and experimentally implemented, which in the current framework the device is an on/off switch. The simple construction and operation o f the Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) makes it suitable for application in photonic integrated circuits. Thus interferometric configuration
Microcrystalline Cellulose: The Inexhaustible Treasure for Pharmaceutical Industry (2017)

Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) is pure partially depolymerized cellulose synthesized from α-cellulose precursor. The MCC can be synthesized by different processes such as reactive extrusion, enzyme mediated, steam explosion and acid hydrolysis. The later process can be done using mineral acids such as H2SO4, HCl and HBr as well as ionic liquids. The role of these reagents is to destroy the amorphous regions remaining the crystalline domains. The MCC is a valuable additive in pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic and other industries. The MCC is one of the most important tableting excipients due to its outstanding dry binding properties of tablets for direct compression. Different properties of MCC are measured to qualify its suitability for such utilization, namely particle size, density, compressibility index, angle of repose, powder porosity, hydration swelling capacity, moisture sorption capacity, moisture content, crystallinity index, crystallite size and mechanical properties such as hardness and tensile strength. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) or differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) are also important to predict the thermal behavior of the MCC upon heat stresses. The degree of polymerization (DP) of the MCC is typically less than 400, while that for nanocrystalline cellulose is more than 400 extending to several thousands of (1→4)-β-d-glucopyranose units. The MCC particles with size lower than 5µm must not be more than 10% of the total particles. There are several types of the MCC, namely PHs 101, 102, 103, 105, 112, 113, 200, 301 and 302 based on the particle size and subsequent utilization.
Effect of quercetin on the genotoxic potential of cisplatin (1996)

The natural product flavonoid quercetin has been shown to sensitise cells to the cytotoxic potential of cisplatin. Both cisplatin and quercetin are genotoxicants. As quercetin is currently in clinical trial as a cytotoxicant-sensitising agent, we wanted to elucidate whether it affects the genotoxicity associated with cisplatin. The genotoxic potential of both agents alone and in combination was studied in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 98, TA 100 and TA 102 and by assessment of unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) in rat hepatocytes. Furthermore, effects of quercetin on levels of cisplatin-DNA adducts were studied in hepatocytes by ELISA. Cisplatin was mutagenic in all 3 bacterial strains and quercetin in strain TA 98. The number of revertant Salmonella colonies observed with the combination did not differ significantly from that caused by the drugs on their own. In the UDS assay, cisplatin was genotoxic but quercetin was not. In combination, quercetin decreased the nuclear grain count caused by cisplatin, but quercetin did not alter the level of cisplatin-DNA adduct formation in hepatocytes. Our results suggest that the mutagenic potential of the combination cisplatin-quercetin, as judged by the bacterial short-term test, does not exceed that associated with the individual components. However, in hepatocytes, quercetin appears to inhibit repair of cisplatin-induced DNA damage. Therefore, in patients who are to be treated with a combination of cisplatin and quercetin, the risk of genotoxicity in normal tissues will have to be taken into consideration. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Correlates of epidermal nerve fiber densities in HIV-associated distal sensory polyneuropathy (2007)

In subjects with advanced HIV-1 infection, epidermal nerve fiber density (ENFD) assessment correlates with the clinical and electrophysiologic severity of distal sensory polyneuropathy (DSP). ENFD did not correlate with previously established risk factors for HIV-DSP, including CD4 cell count, plasma HIV-1 viral load, and neurotoxic antiretroviral therapy exposure.
Expression of Adhesion Molecules in B-cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia: an Analysis in Lymphoid Compartments - Peripheral Blood, Bone Marrow and Lymph Node (1998)

The trafficking or homing of different lymphoid subsets to particular microenvironment is mediated by specific cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) expressed on lymphocytes and endothelial cells. B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL) or Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of small lymphocytic, B-cell type are monoclonal expansions of mature lymphocytes. The relative distribution of the tumor lymphocytes among various lymphoid compartments vary from patient to patient. Very few studies underlying this issue are available. To this effect, we have analysed the expression of LFA-1; VLA-4, ICAM-1; CD44H and CD44v6 (haematopoietic and variant form respectively) on freshly isolated lymphocytes obtained from bone marrow (BM), peripheral blood (PB) and lymph node (LN) by flow cytometry. Overall, we find strong expression of CD44H, low to moderate expression of LFA-1, negative to low expression of VLA-4 and lack of expression of CD44v6. ICAM-1 expression was observed only in patients with prominent lymphadenopathy. Higher expression of CD44H in PB lymphoid cells relative to that of BM lymphoid cells correlated with higher PB lymphocytosis (p < 0.001). Proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression in LN sections correlated inversely with VLA-4 expression on BM and PB lymphoid cells (p < 0.05). There was no significant correlation between expression of CAMs and bcl-2 protein.
Statistical Traffic State Analysis in Large-scale Transportation Networks Using Locality-Preserving Non-negative Matrix Factorization (2012)

Statistical traffic data analysis is a hot topic in traffic management and control. In this field, current research progresses focus on analyzing traffic flows of individual links or local regions in a transportation network. Less attention are paid to the global view of traffic states over the entire network, which is important for modeling large-scale traffic scenes. Our aim is precisely to propose a new methodology for extracting spatio-temporal traffic patterns, ultimately for modeling large-scale traffic dynamics, and long-term traffic forecasting. We attack this issue by utilizing Locality-Preserving Non-negative Matrix Factorization (LPNMF) to derive low-dimensional representation of network-level traffic states. Clustering is performed on the compact LPNMF projections to unveil typical spatial patterns and temporal dynamics of network-level traffic states. We have tested the proposed method on simulated traffic data generated for a large-scale road network, and reported experimental results validate the ability of our approach for extracting meaningful large-scale space-time traffic patterns. Furthermore, the derived clustering results provide an intuitive understanding of spatial-temporal characteristics of traffic flows in the large-scale network, and a basis for potential long-term forecasting.
Highly Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells Enabled by Multiple Ligand Passivation (2023)

Adv. Energy Mater. 2020, 10, 1903696 DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201903696 In the originally published manuscript, on Page 4, a number of errors related to binding energies were made. The corrected text is below, Figure S4a (Supporting Information) shows the peaks corresponding to S-2p3/2 and S-2p1/2 with binding energies at 164.13 and 165.29 eV, respectively.[17] The Pb2+-4f7/2 and Pb2+-4f5/2 peaks derived from the first scan is determined to be 138.63 and 143.51 eV, respectively (Figure 3a). In the supporting information file of the same manuscript, on Page 2, in the “Device fabrication” an error related to the protocol for ligand modification was made. The corrected text is below, For ligand modification, 0.5 mg pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-mercaptopropionate) (ML) is dissolved in 1 mL CB and spun on top of perovskite, These errors do not affect the conclusions of the report. The authors apologize for any inconvenience caused.
Laboratory Measurements of Surface Wave Propagation through Ice Floes in Salt Water (2022)

Surface waves traversing polar marginal ice zones (MIZs) generate a boundary layer immediately below the ice, similar in some respects to the wave boundary layer created at the seabed in shallow water. The wave–ice boundary layer has not yet been thoroughly measured, but it can significantly affect wave attenuation rates. In December 2021, we conducted a laboratory experiment designed to measure such a boundary layer and the associated attenuation, in which monochromatic waves propagated through broken surface ice in a salt water tank. A particle imaging velocimetry (PIV) instrument array was submerged in the tank and used to visualize the fluid motion under the moving ice. The surface was tracked at multiple locations with acoustic sensors and cameras mounted over the tank. A total of 64 trials were completed, each producing 3–6 s of highly resolved velocity time series and 30–40 s of surface elevation data. Preliminary analysis of the data has provided strong evidence of a boundary layer at the water–ice interface. The wave attenuation rates compare well with existing datasets. The vertical profiles of RMS velocities and wave-induced Reynolds stress have trends similar to the theoretical predictions, while the quantitative discrepancies in terms of numerical values are discussed. This is the first of two such experiments; the second is tentatively scheduled for early 2023.
Simple authenticated key agreement algorithm (1999)

A password-based method is described which modifies the Diffie-Hellman key agreement protocol to provide user authentication. It is simpler than previously published schemes, prevents the man-in-the-middle attack and requires only two packets to agree on the secret session key. An optional exchange of two more packets allows the key agreement to be verified.
Production and reception of human resource management practices for health promotion (2023)

Organizations thrive when there is a healthy relationship between people, i.e., where there is high social capital. Human resource management practices (HRMP) contribute to promoting social capital and mental health in organizations. However, there remains a gap in the literature on practices to promote mental health, as well as on the difference in perception of the function of the practices between those who promote them and those who receive them. Thus, this study aimed to identify what HRMP oriented toward mental health promotions are, how they are perceived, and whether there is variation among these perceptions. Twenty managers and 11 subordinates were interviewed. To achieve the first two objectives, a content analysis was performed, and for the last, a lexical analysis. In the content analysis, the following categories emerged for both groups: work organization and idiosyncratic deals and affective social support. Only in the managers did the categories of informational support, communication, and maintaining good interpersonal relationships emerge. The lexical analysis suggested that managers perceive task-related practices as promoting mental health, while teams attribute importance to affective social support practices. HRMP psychological principles were described. Social support practices should be adopted as human resource protective strategies for mental health.
Harnessing Nanotopography to Enhance Osseointegration of Clinical Orthopedic Titanium Implants—An in Vitro and in Vivo Analysis (2018)

Despite technological advancements, further innovations in the field of orthopedics and bone regeneration are essential to meet the rising demands of an increasing aging population and associated issues of disease, injury and trauma. Nanotopography provides new opportunities for novel implant surface modifications and promises to deliver further improvements in implant performance. However, the technical complexities of nanotopography fabrication and surface analysis have precluded identification of the optimal surface features to trigger osteogenesis. We herein detail the osteoinductive potential of discrete nanodot and nanowire nanotopographies. We have examined the ability of modified titanium and titanium alloy (Ti64) surfaces to induce bone-specific gene activation and extracellular matrix protein expression in human skeletal stem cells (SSCs) <i>in vitro</i>, and <i>de novo</i> osteogenic response within a murine calvarial model <i>in vivo</i>. This study provides evidence of enhanced osteogenic response to nanowires 300 surface modifications, with important implications for clinical orthopedic application.
Should Penicillin Allergy Be Confirmed During Pre-operative Testing? [38T] (2019)

INTRODUCTION: Documentation of a penicillin allergy often results in use of broad-spectrum antibiotics for surgical site infection prophylaxis which can contribute to antibiotic resistance and higher medical cost. The primary aim of our study is to prospectively determine the true prevalence of penicillin allergy in patients undergoing urogynecological surgeries so that the use of alternative antibiotics could be curtailed when appropriate. METHODS: This study was undertaken as the practicum project in an institutional Patient Safety and Quality Fellowship. In phase I, retrospective chart review of patients' allergies and surgical site infection prophylaxis medication was performed (2017). Subsequently (Phase II; 1/18-9/18), penicillin allergy testing was offered as part of pre-operative evaluation to at-risk patients and results were used to modify care as appropriate. RESULTS: In 2017, 51% of patients with penicillin allergies received broad-spectrum antibiotics for surgical site infection prophylaxis. In 2018, 44 patients had a history of penicillin allergy (28 reported rash, 6 had hives and 10 could not recall their reaction); all were offered testing; 28 accepted, and 26 (93%) had negative results. These 26 women (60%) were able to receive recommended prophylaxis via cefazolin without complication. CONCLUSION: Our findings support penicillin allergy testing for at-risk urogynecology patients as part of pre-operative assessment. This strategy has the potential to promote antibiotic stewardship, improve care, and reduce cost. We cannot extrapolate to other surgical cohorts without considering patient age, gender differences and other factors, but confirming penicillin allergy in other surgical groups seems warranted.
WaveLight: A Monolithic Low Latency Silicon-Photonics Communication Platform for the Next-Generation Disaggregated Cloud Data Centers (2017)

In this work, we present WaveLight, a monolithic silicon-photonics platform whereby a low latency reliable deterministic protocol with optical functions are designed directly into an existing high-volume CMOS process.
Effects of current and frequency on write, read, and erase widths for thin-film inductive and magnetoresistive heads (1989)

The dependence of write, read, and erase widths on current and frequency for thin-film inductive (TFI) and inductive-write/magnetoresistive-read (MR) heads was studied. Currents of up to 150 mA and frequencies of up to 40 kFCI were used to write tracks. The widths were measured from ferrofluid patterns and electrical track scans. For both heads, the write width decreases but the side-erase width increase with increasing frequency. The relationship of these results to head-field contours, established from scanning magnetooptic imaging measurements, is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Genetic Screening to Identify Candidate Resistance Alleles to Cry1F Corn in Fall Armyworm Using Targeted Sequencing (2021)

Evolution of practical resistance is the main threat to the sustainability of transgenic crops producing insecticidal proteins from <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> (Bt crops). Monitoring of resistance to Cry and Vip3A proteins produced by Bt crops is critical to mitigate the development of resistance. Currently, Cry/Vip3A resistance allele monitoring is based on bioassays with larvae from inbreeding field-collected moths. As an alternative, DNA-based monitoring tools should increase sensitivity and reduce overall costs compared to bioassay-based screening methods. Here, we evaluated targeted sequencing as a method allowing detection of known and novel candidate resistance alleles to Cry proteins. As a model, we sequenced a Cry1F receptor gene (<i>SfABCC2</i>) in fall armyworm (<i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i>) moths from Puerto Rico, a location reporting continued practical field resistance to Cry1F-producing corn. Targeted sequencing detected a previously reported Cry1F resistance allele (<i>SfABCC2mut</i>), in addition to a resistance allele originally described in <i>S. frugiperda</i> populations from Brazil. Moreover, targeted sequencing detected mutations in <i>SfABCC2</i> as novel candidate resistance alleles. These results support further development of targeted sequencing for monitoring resistance to Bt crops and provide unexpected evidence for common resistance alleles in <i>S. frugiperda</i> from Brazil and Puerto Rico.
Discovery of endogenous catecholamines in lymphocytes and evidence for catecholamine regulation of lymphocyte function via an autocrine loop. (1994)

Evidence has been obtained that catecholamines and their metabolites are present in single lymphocytes and extracts of T- and B-cell clones by use of capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection. Pharmacological inhibition of tyrosine hydroxylase reduces observed catecholamine levels, suggesting catecholamine synthesis by lymphocytes. Intracellular dopamine levels are shown to be increased by extra-cellular dopamine, suggesting a cellular-uptake mechanism. Furthermore, incubation with either dopamine or L-dihydroxyphenylalanine, a precursor of dopamine, results in a dose-dependent inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation. Together, these results suggest the presence of an autocrine loop whereby lymphocytes down-regulate their own activity.
Synthesis and Structures of Magnesium Tetrahydridoaluminates (1995)

Abstract The molecular structures of XMg(A1H 4 ) · 4 THF ( 1a, 2, 3a ) (X = A1H 4 , Cl, Br) have been determined by X‐ray structural analysis. Each compound possesses a hexacoordinated Mg center and AlH 4 − groups bound to this center via a single hydride bridge bond. Attempts to prepare ROMg(AlH 4 ) compounds were successful only for sterically demanding groups R (R = CMe 3 , CPh 3 , naph, mes, smes). The 2‐naphthoxy derivative 7 , a compound with the composition (naphO)Mg‐(AlH 4 ) · 2.5 THF, is a dimer with a central Mg 2 O 2 ring. One of its two AlH 4 − groups is terminally bound to one Mg atom, the other bridges the two Mg centers. This structure indicates how AlH 4 − transfer may occur from ROMg(AlH 4 ) compounds to form Mg(OR) 2 and Mg(AlH 4 ) 2 .