gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intestinal Immunity and Gut Microbiota as Therapeutic Targets for Preventing Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases (2015)

Atherosclerosis is considered a chronic inflammatory disease and an intervention targeting the inflammatory process could be a new therapeutic strategy for preventing atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (CVD). We hypothesized that the intestine, which is considered the biggest immune organ in the human body, could be a therapeutic target for preventing CVD. We demonstrated that oral administration of anti-CD3 antibody or an active form of vitamin D3 reduced atherosclerosis in mice via induction of regulatory T cells and tolerogenic dendritic cells in the gut-associated lymphoid tissues. Similar to regulatory immune responses achieved by oral tolerance, our method had systemic effects that ultimately contributed towards atherosclerosis reduction. Recently, we have been interested in the gut microbiota, which have been reported as highly associated with intestinal immunity and systemic metabolic disorders, including obesity and diabetes. Notably, the guts of obese individuals are predominantly colonized by Firmicutes over Bacteroidetes. The association between atherosclerosis and microbiota has been attracting increased attention, and gut microbiota have been shown to participate in the metabolism of a proatherogenic compound called trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) and aggravate CVD. Our investigation of the relationship between susceptibility to CVD and the gut microbiota revealed a characteristic flora type. Here, we discuss the evidence for the relationship between the gut microbiota and cardiometabolic diseases, and consider the gut microbiota as new potential therapeutic targets for treating CVD. (Circ J 2015; 79: 1882-1890).
The Susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains from Cystic Fibrosis Patients to Bacteriophages (2013)

Phage therapy may become a complement to antibiotics in the treatment of chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. To design efficient therapeutic cocktails, the genetic diversity of the species and the spectrum of susceptibility to bacteriophages must be investigated. Bacterial strains showing high levels of phage resistance need to be identified in order to decipher the underlying mechanisms. Here we have selected genetically diverse P. aeruginosa strains from cystic fibrosis patients and tested their susceptibility to a large collection of phages. Based on plaque morphology and restriction profiles, six different phages were purified from "pyophage", a commercial cocktail directed against five different bacterial species, including P. aeruginosa. Characterization of these phages by electron microscopy and sequencing of genome fragments showed that they belong to 4 different genera. Among 47 P. aeruginosa strains, 13 were not lysed by any of the isolated phages individually or by pyophage. We isolated two new phages that could lyse some of these strains, and their genomes were sequenced. The presence/absence of a CRISPR-Cas system (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats and Crisper associated genes) was investigated to evaluate the role of the system in phage resistance. Altogether, the results show that some P. aeruginosa strains cannot support the growth of any of the tested phages belonging to 5 different genera, and suggest that the CRISPR-Cas system is not a major defence mechanism against these lytic phages.
SiGeC Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors (2003)

Heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBT) based on SiGeC havebeen investigated. Two high-frequency architectures have beendesigned, fabricated and characterized. Different collectordesigns were applied either by using selective epitaxial growthdoped with phosphorous or by non-selective epitaxial growthdoped with arsenic. Both designs have a non-selectivelydeposited SiGeC base doped with boron and a poly-crystallineemitter doped with phosphorous. Selective epitaxial growth of the collector layer has beendeveloped by using a reduced pressure chemical vapor deposition(RPCVD) technique. The incorporation of phosphorous and defectformation during selective deposition of these layers has beenstudied. A major problem of phosphorous-doping during selectiveepitaxy is segregation. Different methods, e.g. chemical orthermal oxidation, are shown to efficiently remove thesegregated dopants. Chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) hasalso been used as an alternative to solve this problem. The CMPstep was successfully integrated in the HBT process flow. Epitaxial growth of Si1-x-yGexCy layers for base layerapplications in bipolar transistors has been investigated indetail. The optimization of the growth parameters has beenperformed in order to incorporate carbon substitutionally inthe SiGe matrix without increasing the defect density in theepitaxial layers. The thermal stability of npn SiGe-based heterojunctionstructures has been investigated. The influence of thediffusion of dopants in SiGe or in adjacent layers on thethermal stability of the structure has also been discussed. SiGeC-based transistors with both non-selectively depositedcollector and selectively grown collector have been fabricatedand electrically characterized. The fabricated transistorsexhibit electrostatic current gain values in the range of 1000-2000. The cut-off frequency and maximum oscillation frequencyvary from 40-80 GHz and 15-30 GHz, respectively, depending onthe lateral design. The leakage current was investigated usinga selectively deposited collector design and possible causesfor leakage has been discussed. Solutions for decreasing thejunction leakage are proposed. &lt;b&gt;Key words:&lt;/b&gt;Silicon-Germanium-Carbon (SiGeC),Heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT), chemical vapordeposition (CVD), selective epitaxy, non-selective epitaxy,collector design, high-frequency measurement, dopantsegregation, thermal stability.
Surface States of Charge Carriers and Electrical Properties of the Surface Layer of Ice (1997)

We propose a theoretical model that successfully describes numerically such major features of the electrical conductivity of the surface of ice as its magnitude and frequency dependence. Comparison of the model with experimental results on σs confirms that the magnitudes of the ice surface charge density and ice surface potential are close to those observed in independent measurements. The model predicts the thickness of an electric double layer which is comparable with the experimentally observed thickness of the liquidlike layer on ice (∼5 nm at −10 °C). This coincidence raises a question about the role of electrostatic pressure and possible superionic transition in the specific structure and properties of the surface of ice.
Contributions a la conception en vue du test d'operateurs a structure iterative (1994)

L'importance des operateurs arithmetiques et logiques dans les architectures de parties operatives de microprocesseurs, rend indispensable le recours a des techniques efficaces de test hors-ligne (validation de prototypes, tri de fin de fabrication et maintenance) et en-ligne (detection concurrente d'erreur) pour garantir un certain niveau de fiabilite des ordinateurs. La regularite structurelle de ces operateurs, ainsi que leurs proprietes mathematiques, facilitent l'analyse des criteres d'observabilite et de controlabilite et permettent, dans la plupart des cas, de generer des algorithmes de test simples, tout en garantissant un taux de couverture de fautes eleve. Neanmoins, bien que l'etude du test d'operateurs arithmetiques et logiques ait largement ete traitee dans le passe, beaucoup de sujets importants tels que le test d'operateurs seriels ou le test en ligne d'operateurs ont ete peu ou pas abordes. Ainsi, concernant les multiplieurs en ligne, la reconvergence de connexions internes du circuit, source de masquages d'erreurs, ajoutee aux faibles observabilite et controlabilite de ces operateurs, constituait jusqu'a present un lourd handicap pour la generation de procedures de test simples et efficaces. Les trois alternatives de conception en vue du test que nous proposons ici, permettent de resoudre ces problemes de masquages d'erreurs et de temps d'application de test sans entrainer une augmentation de surface trop penalisante. Dans la seconde partie de notre etude, nous montrons comment l'utilisation de cellules differentielles d'une part et d'elements de circuits deja existants d'autre part, permettent de concevoir des decaleurs, multiplieurs et diviseurs cellulaires autocontrolables reclamant une faible augmentation de surface (inferieure a celle de structures construites a partir d'une duplication de materiel) lorsqu'ils sont inseres dans un chemin de donnees autocontrolable utilise jusqu'a present pour integrer les additionneurs et uals. Ces operateurs autocontrolables ont de plus ete concus dans la perspective d'une integration aux outils cao de generation automatique de parties operatives auto-controlables en cours de developpement au laboratoire tima
Role of kinins and angiotensin II in the renal hemodynamic response to captopril (1991)

This study examined the role of angiotensin II (ANG II), kinins, and prostaglandins in the renal hemodynamic response to captopril in Munich-Wistar rats in which plasma renin activity was elevated [18.8 +/- 3.3 ng angiotensin I (ANG I).ml-1.h-1]. Neural influences on the kidney were eliminated by renal denervation, and renal perfusion pressure (RPP) was controlled using a clamp on the aorta. Urine flow, sodium excretion, renal blood flow (RBF), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and cortical and papillary red blood cell (RBC) flow increased significantly after captopril (2 mg/kg iv). Glomerular and peritubular capillary pressures rose by 20%, and vasa recta capillary pressure fell by 3-4 mmHg due to significant reductions in estimated preglomerular, efferent arteriolar and renal capillary-venous vascular resistances. Infusion of ANG II (20 ng.kg-1.min-1 iv) returned RBF, GFR, and glomerular and peritubular capillary pressures to control; however, ANG II did not lower papillary RBC flow before inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. Saralasin had no effect on papillary RBC flow or the response to captopril. The changes in vasa recta hemodynamics produced by captopril were blocked by a kinin antagonist. These findings indicate that ANG II exerts a vasoconstrictor influence on the renal cortical vasculature of Munich-Wistar rats; however, its effects on the medullary circulation are opposed by vasodilatory eicosanoids. They also suggest that kinins participate in the papillary RBC flow response to captopril, perhaps by reducing the outflow resistance from the vasa recta circulation.
Enhancement of the electrocatalytic activity of gold nanoparticles via NaBH4 treatment (2008)

We report on the enhancement of the electrocatalytic activity of Au nanoparticles after NaBH4 treatment and its application to H2O2 detection.
Frequency Converters and Mixers (2005)

Abstract An essential part of most microwave receivers is the frequency converter, a device that converts the frequency of an incoming signal to another frequency. The output frequency may be downconverted, upconverted, multiplied, or divided. Important and common is the mixer, which downconverts a high‐frequency input signal fs to a much lower and more manageable signal fIF, preserving information concerning the amplitude, frequency, and phase of the input signal. The devices used are nonlinear (i.e., the relationship between current and voltage is not linear). The devices may have either two terminals (diodes) or three terminals (transistors).
Glucose lowering and anti-atherogenic effects of incretin-based therapies: GLP-1 analogues and DPP-4-inhibitors (2009)

IBT have several beneficial effects on cardiovascular risk factors and, for this reason, it has been recently suggested to extend the use of these drugs in diabetic patients with cardiovascular complications. Yet, the long-term effects of IBT on subclinical or clinical atherosclerosis remain to be established by future studies.
Innervation and target tissue interactions induce Rab-GDP dissociation inhibitor (GDI) expression during peripheral synapse formation in developing chick ciliary ganglion neurons in situ. (1998)

Regulated exocytosis of neurotransmitter from synaptic vesicles involves the function of a small GTP-binding protein, Rab3A. Rab-GDP dissociation inhibitor (GDI) is an important modulator of Rab function and subcellular distribution. We have characterized the respective roles of innervation and target tissue interactions in regulating GDI expression during synapse formation in chick ciliary ganglion (CG) neurons developing in situ. Here we report the first full-length chick GDI cDNA sequence. It is highly homologous to mammalian GDI isoforms and includes all of the sequence-conserved regions critical for Rab3A binding. This chick GDI mRNA is predominantly expressed in neurons as judged by Northern blot analysis of tissue distribution and by in situ hybridization of CG sections. Developmental increases in CG GDI mRNA levels occur in two phases as determined by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and by Northern analysis of both normal-developing and input- or target tissue-deprived ganglia. The initial phase appears to be independent of cell-cell interactions. In contrast, the second, larger increase is induced by both presynaptic inputs and postganglionic target tissues but does not occur until target tissue innervation. Synaptic interaction with the target seems necessary for the regulatory response to both inputs and target tissues. GDI protein levels show similar changes. The developmentally delayed ability of inputs and targets to influence GDI levels differs from the regulation of neurotransmitter receptor expression in CG neurons. These results suggest that distinct extrinsic regulatory signals influence the expression of synapse-related components at the presynaptic axon terminal versus postsynaptic membrane in an individual neuron.
A self-propagating wakeup mechanism for point-to-point networks with partial network support (2014)

As a result of the increased demand for bandwidth, current automotive networks are getting more heterogeneous. New technologies like Ethernet as a packet-switched point-to-point network are introduced. Nevertheless, the requirements on stand-by power consumption and short activation times are still the same as for existing field buses. Ethernet does not provide wakeup mechanisms that are sufficient for automotive systems. As a remedy, this paper introduces a novel physical-layer mechanism called Low Frequency Wakeup that is largely independent of the communication technology and topology used. It provides parallel and remote wakeup for all nodes even in a point-to-point network as well as full support of partial networking. The overall wakeup detection time is smaller than 10ms and every node can actively feed a wakeup signal asynchronously to all other nodes. In terms of latency, it is shown that Low Frequency Wakeup reaches a reduction of more than 30 % for a three-hop network and more than 50 % for a five-hop network in comparison to the current state-of-the-art technology for automotive point-to-point networks.
Fuzzy Classification Rule Learning by Decision Tree Induction (2003)

Knowledge acquisition is a bottleneck in knowledge-based system implementation. Decision tree induction is a useful machine learning approach for extracting classification knowledge from a set of training examples. Many real-world data contain fuzziness due to observation error, uncertainty, subjective judgement, and so on. To cope with this problem of real-world data, there have been some works on fuzzy classification rule learning. This paper makes a survey for the kinds of fuzzy classification rules. In addition, it presents a fuzzy classification rule learning method based on decision tree induction, and shows some experiment results for the method.
Continuous-time adaptive control method of an electro hydraulic servomechanism with an inertial load. (1991)

A continuous-time adaptive control method of an electro hydraulic servomechanism using an analog adaptive controller wad studied to realize an adaptive control system with a high speed of response. A model reference adaptive control law was first constructed in continuous-time description and an analog adaptive controller was realized by an analog electronic circuit which was designed using a CAD program. By the use of two servomechanisms of different dynamic characteristics, the performance of the adaptive control system was investigated experimentally. It has been demonstrated that the adaptive control system shows stable dynamic characteristics to sinusoidal input signals of a high frequency of up to 80 Hz.
Choice of Alternative Polyadenylation Sites, Mediated by the RNA-Binding Protein Elavl3, Plays a Role in Differentiation of Inhibitory Neuronal Progenitors (2019)

Alternative polyadenylation (APA) is a widespread mechanism involving about half of the expressed genes, resulting in varying lengths of the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR). Variations in length and sequence of the 3'UTR may underlie changes of post-transcriptional processing, localization, miRNA targeting and stability of mRNAs. During embryonic development a large array of mRNAs exhibit APA, with a prevalence of the longer 3'UTR versions in differentiating cells. Little is known about polyA+ site usage during differentiation of mammalian neural progenitors. Here we exploit a model of adherent neural stem (ANS) cells, which homogeneously and efficiently differentiate into GABAergic neurons. RNAseq data shows a global trend towards lengthening of the 3'UTRs during differentiation. Enriched expression of the longer 3'UTR variants of <i>Pes1</i> and <i>Gng2</i> was detected in the mouse brain in areas of cortical and subcortical neuronal differentiation, respectively, by two-probes fluorescent <i>in situ</i> hybridization (FISH). Among the coding genes upregulated during differentiation of ANS cells we found <i>Elavl3</i>, a neural-specific RNA-binding protein homologous to <i>Drosophila</i> Elav. In the insect, Elav regulates polyA+ site choice while interacting with paused Pol-II promoters. We tested the role of Elavl3 in ANS cells, by silencing <i>Elavl3</i> and observed consistent changes in 3'UTR length and delayed neuronal differentiation. These results indicate that choice of the polyA+ site and lengthening of 3'UTRs is a possible additional mechanism of posttranscriptional RNA modification involved in neuronal differentiation.
A blueprint for affective computing: A sourcebook (2010)

A Blueprint for Affective Computing: A sourcebook and manual is the very first attempt to ground affective computing within the disciplines of psychology, affective neuroscience, and philosophy. This book illustrates the contributions of each of these disciplines to the development of the ever-growing field of affective computing. In addition, it demonstrates practical examples of cross-fertilization between disciplines in order to highlight the need for integration of computer science, engineering and the affective sciences.
Three dimensional CMOS devices and integrated circuits (2004)

Three dimensional devices and, integrated circuits are attractive options for overcoming barriers in device and interconnect scaling, offering an opportunity to continue the CMOS performance trend. This paper reviews the process technology and associated design issues in three dimensional devices and integrated circuits.
SANS Studies of Polyelectrolyte Multilayers on Colloidal Templates (2002)

Polyelectrolyte multilayers adsorbed on colloidal particles were investigated by means of small-angle neutron scattering at contrast matching conditions. Pronounced periodic oscillations related to the latex particle size and to the layer thickness were observed. The scattering data could be well described by assuming a step function density profile of the polyelectrolyte layer taking into account also the instrumental resolution and the polydispersity of the sample. Thus, the thickness of the polyelectrolyte multilayers coating on colloidal particles in an aqueous environment was determined directly. A mean thickness of about 16.6 Å per single polyelectrolyte layer was found for a system consisting of alternate layers of PSS and PAH. It was shown that the layers are rather dense with a water content of 42%. The layer thickness was independent of the curvature of the surface. With increasing number of adsorbed polyelectrolyte layers a slight decrease in the mean thickness per single layer was observed.
Delayed type hemolytic transfusion reaction with non-detectable irregular antibodies. (1990)

A 52 years old woman with ruptured esophageal varix, who had hemolytic transfusion reaction without any detectable irregular antibodies in her serum, was reported. She had history of twice blood transfusions on each caesarean operation in 1979 and 1980.She has received 10 units of fresh whole blood from 16 to 18 May in 1988. Ten days after blood transfusions, she noticed hemoglobinuria. Laboratory tests showed increase in LDH and indirect bilirubin levels with decreased haptoglobin level.The irregular antibodies were weakly detected in her serum by low ionic strength polybren method on the Autoanalyzer, but not by saline, albumin, bromelin and indirect antiglobulin method. Specificity of the antibodies were anable to be identified, and direct antiglobulin test wa negative. The blood groups of the patient were A1, ccDee. She received blood with Rh phenotype of ccdee. Ever since, she has been saved from occurrences of any hemolytic reactions. Thus delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction by anti-E+C was mostly suspected, though irregular antibodies could not be detected in her serum in March, 1989.
Investigation of perceptual attributes for mobile display image quality (2013)

Large-scale psychophysical experiments are carried out on two types of mobile displays to evaluate the perceived image quality (IQ). Eight perceptual attributes, i.e., naturalness, colorfulness, brightness, contrast, sharpness, clearness, preference, and overall IQ, are visually assessed via categorical judgment method for various application types of test images, which were manipulated by different methods. Their correlations are deeply discussed, and further factor analysis revealed the two essential components to describe the overall IQ, i.e., the component of image detail aspect and the component of color information aspect. Clearness and naturalness are regarded as two principal factors for natural scene images, whereas clearness and colorfulness were selected as key attributes affecting the overall IQ for other application types of images. Accordingly, based on these selected attributes, two kinds of empirical models are built to predict the overall IQ of mobile displays for different application types of images.