gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of lithium and potassium on recovery of solute uptake capacity of Acer pseudoplatanus cells after gas‐shock (1980)

Abstract At concentrations of 10‐ −3 M, Li + inhibits the recovery of solute uptake capacity of Acer pseudoplatanus L. cell suspension cultures after gas‐shock ( i.e . after rapid exchange of the atmosphere in the culture flasks for ambient air). It also reduces solute uptake capacity of cells having already attained high rates of uptake during recovery from gas‐shock. The effects of Li + are much greater in cells which have been cultivated in 7 m M K + solution than in cells cultivated with higher K + levels (19 m M ). Increasing K + concentration during recovery reverses the effect of 10 –3 M Li + and, with sufficiently high concentrations of K + (≥ 10‐ −2 M ) during recovery, the solute uptake capacity of the fully recovered cells can even become greater than that of the control, at least for the low values of substrate concentration (here sulphate 10‐ −5 M ). Since Li + does not affect the time course of solute uptake measured over 15–20 min, it is thought that it interacts with the synthesis and turnover of the solute uptake machinery of the Acer pseudoplatanus cells. Thermodynamic analysis of the flux data also supports the hypothesis that Li + inhibits the biosynthesis of specific sites of solute permeation, but it does not rule out the possibility that K + interferes rather on the forces acting on the transport of the considered solutes than on the catalytic structures of permeation.
Soviet Nostalgia and Russian Politics (2010)

Communist rule did not end suddenly in 1989, or in 1991. And for many, at least in Russia, there was no radical break but a complex evolution in which many of the former ruling group, and many of the values of the Soviet period, remained intact. According to the evidence of national representative surveys, levels of support for the principle of a union state have consistently been very high. In 2008 survey, more than half (57%) largely or entirely agreed that the demise of the USSR had been a ‘disaster’, and nearly two-thirds (64%) thought the former Soviet republics that had established a Commonwealth of Independent States should reconstitute a single state or at least cooperate more closely. Across the three Slavic republics, Russia, Ukraine and Belarus, it was guaranteed employment that was seen as the most positive feature of the old regime, and economic stagnation as its most serious shortcoming. Comparing the present and the Soviet period as they recalled it, ordinary Russians thought they had more opportunity to practise a religion, and to express their opinions. But ordinary people had (in their own view) no more influence over the making of public policy than in the communist period, and they thought they were less likely to be treated fairly and equally by government. Age and living standards were the most powerful predictors of Soviet nostalgia when other variables were held constant. Nostalgics were much more likely to support parties of the left, or at least those that favoured public ownership, a Soviet or ‘more democratic Soviet’ system of government, and a closer association among the former Soviet republics; they were much less likely to support the parties that favoured the dissolution of the CIS, a wholly market economy, or Western-style democracy.
Photoswitching of Diarylethene Polymers Synthesized by TEMPO Mediated Polymerization (2005)

ABSTRACT Optical and refractive index switching properties of diarylethene containing copolymers were studied. Polymers having different block distribution were synthesized from a controlled polymerization via living free radical method using ethyl α-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl-1-oxy-phenylacetate (ETEMPO) as an initiator. The diarylethene containing copolymers exhibited high thermal stability without loss of diarylethene unit up to 350°C. Photochromic films, having photochromic interconversion between colorless and red colored forms by UV and Vis laser sources, were prepared from the copolymers by solution coating method. The photochromic response of the copolymer was dependent on the distribution of diarylethene in the polymer and weight-average molecular weight (M w) of the polymers. Thus films of copolymers having random distribution of diarylethene showed larger photochromic absorbance change (ΔA) and photo induced refractive index change (Δn) as compared to that of block copolymer. The photochromic response was larger in a film of a random copolymer with lower Mw. Large all optically controllable refractive index switching (Δn ∼ 0.01) was achieved from the diarylethene copolymers, accompanied by photochromic interconversion between colorless and red colored forms.
A rapid and sensitive method for quantitation of nucleosides in human urine using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry with direct urine injection (2004)

Oxidized nucleosides are biochemical markers for tumors, aging, and neurodegenerative diseases. However, during the last decade, the analytical methods for nucleosides by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with single-parameter detectors like electron-capture detection (ECD) have not been sufficiently rapid or reliable to detect nucleosides in urine and to analyze clinical samples. It has been reported (Dudley et al., Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2000; 14: 1200) that liquid chromatography with electrospray mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS) is more specific and sensitive for analysis of nucleosides than HPLC with conventional detectors; however, this method required complex extraction steps. In the present work a direct LC/ESI-MS method for nucleosides without extraction of urine samples has been developed. Analysis of nucleosides using positive-ion mode with selected reaction monitoring effectively eliminated potential interferences from endogenous constituents of the urine. This highly selective and sensitive method made it possible to analyze urinary nucleosides with a lower limit of quantitation of 0.2 nmol/mL. The method has been validated, with both excellent linearity and reproducibility, in the calibration range from 0.2-400 nmol/mL. The correlation coefficients of the calibration curves were higher than 0.987. The coefficients of variation were in the range 0.03-14.92% (inter-day) and 0.54-14.39% (intra-day), respectively.
Back to the Future: How Biology and Technology Could Change the Role of PTFE Grafts in Vascular Access Management (2012)

Although the arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the preferred mode of dialysis vascular access, AVF maturation failure remains a huge clinical problem, often resulting in a prolonged duration of use of tunneled dialysis catheters. In contrast, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) grafts do not suffer from early failure, but have significant problems with later stenosis and thrombosis. This review will initially summarize the pathology and pathogenesis of PTFE graft dysfunction and will then use this as a basis for describing some novel therapies, which may have the potential to reduce PTFE graft dysfunction. Finally, we will emphasize that the introduction of such therapies could be an important first step toward individualizing overall vascular access care.
The Spatial Pattern of Neuroretinal Rim Loss in Ocular Hypertension (2009)

The rate of RA loss (%/y) was greatest in the IT and ST sectors. However, because the nasal sectors contain more blood vessels (included in the HRT RA measurement), the percentage loss of neural tissue is underestimated in these sectors, to an unknown extent. The frequency of significant negative RA loss slopes was greatest in the ST, IN, and IT sectors. The finding suggests that all disc sectors should be evaluated for glaucomatous change in ocular hypertensive eyes.
Green Arctic Patrol Vessel (2011)

Abstract : Arctic warming is expected to drive increased traffic through the Arctic region for tourism, research, resource extraction and transportation purposes. Understanding the US will have a strategic objective in the region in he coming decades, the current U.S. Navy (USN) fleet is not designed to meet the challenges of operating in the Arctic environment. Anticipating that need, the Green Arctic Patrol Vessel (GAPV) project was a summer intern project in the Center for Innovation in Ship Design (CISD) at Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock (NSWCCD) during the summer of 2009, and is now in its third iteration. The project developed a concept of operations and design for a USN Arctic Patrol Vessel capable of meeting current gaps in Arctic operational capability. The goal of this report is to describe this vessel design and highlight some of the high level impacts the Arctic environment has on surface combatant design.
Combining force control and visual servoing for planar contour following (2000)

status: Published
SpeedRock (2011)

We present an approach to procedurally generating diverse and believable rocks for usage in games and virtual worlds. The basic idea is to evolve rulesets for three-dimensional L-systems. The fitness calculation involves expanding these rulesets a number of times, collapsing the resulting structure and evaluating how well the collapsed structure conforms to a user-specified shape. Texture is then applied through ray-casting from a sphere around the evolved "skeleton". The result is a lightweight, stand-alone tool for rock generation capable of exporting assets to mainstream modelling programs.
Adaptive filtering of physiological noises in fNIRS data (2018)

The study presents a recursive least-squares estimation method with an exponential forgetting factor for noise removal in functional near-infrared spectroscopy data and extraction of hemodynamic responses (HRs) from the measured data. The HR is modeled as a linear regression form in which the expected HR, the first and second derivatives of the expected HR, a short-separation measurement data, three physiological noises, and the baseline drift are included as components in the regression vector. The proposed method is applied to left-motor-cortex experiments on the right thumb and little finger movements in five healthy male participants. The algorithm is evaluated with respect to its performance improvement in terms of contrast-to-noise ratio in comparison with Kalman filter, low-pass filtering, and independent component method. The experimental results show that the proposed model achieves reductions of 77% and 99% in terms of the number of channels exhibiting higher contrast-to-noise ratios in oxy-hemoglobin and deoxy-hemoglobin, respectively. The approach is robust in obtaining consistent HR data. The proposed method is applied for both offline and online noise removal.
Computing the multiple access rate region for real-world signals (2013)

In this correspondence, we address the problem of predicting the usable rates of a multiple access communications channel under real world conditions. In particular, we are interested in channels and communications signals that cannot be easily modeled by the usual Gaussian assumptions, and call for alternative methods of analysis. The examples we use in our development typically involve two communicators, facilitating visualization of the rate regions. These results would be immediately applicable to the situation where a new communicator wishes to enter a channel where another link may be in progress, and needs to devise a strategy to allow each to operate normally. Our results should benefit both the system design of multiple access systems, especially adaptive or cognitive communications systems operating in an ad-hoc multiple access scheme.
Consecutive Outbreaks of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli O6 in Schools in South Korea Caused by Contamination of Fermented Vegetable Kimchi (2016)

The suspected food vehicle in these two consecutive outbreaks was kimchi contaminated with ETEC O6. We recommend continued monitoring and stricter sanitation requirements for the food supply process in Korea, especially in relation to kimchi.
Endotoxaemia induces resistance to activated protein C in healthy humans (2006)

Systemic inflammation activates the tissue factor/factor VIIa complex (TF/FVIIa), leading to a procoagulant state, which may be enhanced by impairment of physiological anticoagulant pathways, such as the protein C system. Besides impaired protein C activation, resistance to activated protein C (APC) may occur. We studied the effect of endotoxemia on APC resistance, analysed its determinants and evaluated the effect of TF/FVIIa inhibition on endotoxin-induced APC resistance. Sixteen healthy male volunteers participated in the study, eight receiving endotoxin alone and eight receiving the combination of endotoxin and recombinant Nematode Anticoagulant Protein c2 (rNAPc2), a potent inhibitor of TF/FVIIa. Parameters of coagulation were subsequently studied. The sensitivity to APC was determined by two tests: a test based on the endogenous thrombin potential and a test based on the activated partial thromboplastin time. In response to endotoxemia, both tests detected a transient APC resistance that was predominantly mediated by an increase in factor VIII and was not influenced by TF/FVIIa inhibition. In vitro tests confirmed that an increase in factor VIII induced APC resistance, as measured by both tests. This finding suggests that APC resistance might play a role in the procoagulant state occurring during human endotoxemia.
Targeted therapy or immunotherapy? Optimal treatment in hepatocellular carcinoma (2018)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth leading cause of cancer mortality in the United States and the second leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Sorafenib is the only food and drug administration (FDA) approved as first line systemic treatment in HCC. Regorafenib and nivolumab are the only FDA approved second line treatment after progression on sorafenib. We will discuss all potential first and second line options in HCC. In addition, we also will explore sequencing treatment options in HCC, and examine biomarkers that can potentially predict benefits from treatments such as immune checkpoint inhibitor. This minireview summarizes potential treatments in HCC based on clinical trials that have been published in manuscript or abstract format from 1994-2018.
Adaptation of a visualized loop-mediated isothermal amplification technique for field detection of Plasmodium vivax infection (2011)

This novel, cheap and quick visualized LAMP method is feasible for malaria diagnosis in resource-limited field settings.
Conversion of poplar biomass into high-energy density tricyclic sesquiterpene jet fuel blendstocks (2020)

Our findings indicate that prespatane and epi-isozizaene in their hydrogenated states would be attractive blending options in Jet A or other lower density renewable jet fuels as they would improve viscosity and increase their energy density. Saturated epi-isozizaene and saturated prespatane have energy densities that are 16.6 and 18.8% higher than Jet A, respectively. These results highlight the potential of R. toruloides as a production host for the sustainable and scalable production of bio-derived jet fuel blends, and this is the first report of prespatane as an alternative jet fuel.
Localization of Phenol Oxidase in Female Trichuris suis (1994)

A phenol oxidase (E.C. 1.10.3.1) preparation from adult female Trichuris suis was assayed by both polarographic and spectrophotometric techniques. The T. suis enzyme oxidized most diphenols including 4-methylcatechol (4MC) and dihydroxyphenylalanine but did not oxidize tyrosine. The pH and temperature optima were 6.8 and 36 C, respectively. The Km measured using 4MC as a substrate ranged from 0.12 to 0.4 mM. The highest phenol oxidase activity was isolated in fractions from the adult females that were enriched in eggs relative to the activity in somatic tissue from females and all male tissues that were assayed. Phenol oxidase activity was localized on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis substrate gels into 2 bands with M(r)'s of 44,000 and 53,000. An antibody to the 44,000 band recognized 2 bands of 40,000 and 45,000 M(r) on western blot analysis of the enzyme preparation. Immunocytochemical localization of anti-phenol oxidase antibody in serial cross sections of adult female worms indicates that the enzyme is found exclusively in the anterior part of the parasite in the proximal part of the uterus that is posterior to the junction with the stichosome. Eggs located in more distal parts of the reproductive system did not react with the antibody. The results indicate that a phenol oxidase is located in the fertilized eggs of adult female T. suis. It is likely that phenol oxidase contributes significantly to the chemical hardening process in the eggs when they pass out into the external environment. Inhibition of phenol oxidase may reduce the survivability of the eggs and thus minimize contamination of livestock facilities.
Accommodating fluorinated amino acids in a helical peptide environment (2013)

Fluorinated amino acids represent useful building blocks for structural and functional upgrading of peptides and proteins. Here, we report the identification of a suitable environment for fluorinated aminobutyric acids in a central d-position of a heterodimeric coiled-coil assembly via phage display.
Skeletally immature patient showed lower graft maturity than skeletally mature patient after ACL reconstruction with a rounded rectangular femoral tunnel (2021)

To compare the clinical results and ligamentization of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) between skeletally immature and mature patients. Two-hundred-and-two patients who underwent primary ACLR were evaluated retrospectively. The clinical outcomes were compared between skeletally immature (immature group 1, n = 27) and mature (control group 1, n = 175) groups. Graft ligamentization of the reconstructed anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal intensity at 6 months postoperatively was compared between immature group 2 (n = 16), which included participants from immature group 1, and control group 2 (n = 32), created by recruiting data-matched controls from control group 1. Immature group 1 had significantly higher revision (14.8%) and pivot shift test positive (22.2%) rates than control group 1 (2.9% and 4.0%, respectively) (P = 0.020 and 0.003, respectively). The signal intensity in immature group 2 were significantly higher at the mid-substance and distal site of the reconstructed ACL than those in control group 2 (P = 0.003 and 0.034, respectively). Skeletally immature patients had higher graft revision and residual rotational laxity rates. Reconstructed ACL in skeletally immature patients showed higher signal intensity on MRI at 6 months postoperatively.
Multifunctional nanoemulsions for intraductal delivery as a new platform for local treatment of breast cancer (2018)

Considering that breast cancer usually begins in the lining of the ducts, local drug administration into the ducts could target cancers and pre-tumor lesions locally while reducing systemic adverse effects. In this study, a cationic bioadhesive nanoemulsion was developed for intraductal administration of C6 ceramide, a sphingolipid that mediates apoptotic and non-apoptotic cell death. Bioadhesive properties were obtained by surface modification with chitosan. The optimized nanoemulsion displayed size of 46.3 nm and positive charge, properties that were not affected by ceramide encapsulation (0.4%, w/w). C6 ceramide concentration necessary to reduce MCF-7 cells viability to 50% (EC<sub>50</sub>) decreased by 4.5-fold with its nanoencapsulation compared to its solution; a further decrease (2.6-fold) was observed when tributyrin (a pro-drug of butyric acid) was part of the oil phase of the nanocarrier, a phenomenon attributed to synergism. The unloaded nanocarrier was considered safe, as indicated by a score <0.1 in HET-CAM models, by the high survival rates of Galleria mellonella larvae exposed to concentrations ≤500 mg/mL, and absence of histological changes when intraductally administered in rats. Intraductal administration of the nanoemulsion prolonged drug localization for more than 120 h in the mammary tissue compared to its solution. These results support the advantage of the optimized nanoemulsion to enable mammary tissue localization of C6 ceramide.
Communication Over Block Fading Channels – An Algorithmic Perspective On Optimal Transmission Schemes (2021)

Wireless channels are considered that change over time but remain constant for a certain (coherence) period. This behavior is perfectly captured by block fading channels and affects the performance of the corresponding wireless communication systems. Desired closed-form characterizations of optimal transmission schemes remain unknown in many cases. This paper approaches this issue from a fundamental, algorithmic point of view by studying whether or not it is in principle possible to construct or find such optimal transmission schemes algorithmically (without putting any constraints on the computational complexity of such algorithms). To this end, the concept of averaged channels is considered as a model for block fading and it is shown that, although the averaged channel itself is computable, the corresponding capacity need not be computable, i.e., there exists no (universal) algorithm that takes the channel as an input and computes the corresponding capacity expression. Subsequently, examples of block fading channels are presented for which it is even impossible to find an algorithm that computes for every blocklength the corresponding optimal transmission scheme.
Reconstructive strategies for dermatofibrosarcomas of the face: Role of regenerative dermal templates (2014)

In facial dermatofibrosarcomas protuberans, staged reconstruction with regenerative dermal templates provides a conservative yet safe and effective management, achieving optimal aesthetic outcomes. We suggest its adoption as first-line treatment in facial dermatofibrosarcomas protuberans that cannot be repaired by direct suture and in equivalent benign yet challenging cases.
Detecting phrase-level duplication on the world wide web (2005)

Two years ago, we conducted a study on the evolution of web pages over time. In the course of that study, we discovered a large number of machine-generated "spam" web pages emanating from a handful of web servers in Germany. These spam web pages were dynamically assembled by stitching together grammatically well-formed German sentences drawn from a large collection of sentences. This discovery motivated us to develop techniques for finding other instances of such "slice and dice" generation of web pages, where pages are automatically generated by stitching together phrases drawn from a limited corpus. We applied these techniques to two data sets, a set of 151 million web pages collected in December 2002 and a set of 96 million web pages collected in June 2004. We found a number of other instances of large-scale phrase-level replication within the two data sets. This paper describes the algorithms we used to discover this type of replication, and highlights the results of our data mining.