gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cloning, expression and characterization of a cDNA (6A8) encoding a novel human α‐mannosidase (2000)

A 3300-bp cDNA (6A8) has been isolated from a human tonsil cell lambdagt11 cDNA library (GenBank accession number: AF044414). The 6A8 gene is localized on human chromosome 13q31-32. Its cDNA has an open reading frame from position 57 bp to 3243 bp, encoding a 1062 amino-acid polypeptide. The sequence of the polypeptide has 89% identity to rat liver ER alpha-mannosidase. Homogenates of COS-7 cells transfected with 6A8 cDNA showed an enhanced enzymatic activity with p-nitro-phenyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside, which was not inhibited by swainsonine. These data suggest that 6A8 alpha-mannosidase belongs to the class II alpha-mannosidase. Western blot analysis showed a band for 6A8 cDNA encoded protein of approximately 120 kDa. Northern blot analysis revealed two 6A8 mRNA transcripts with different tissue distribution. Enhanced concanavalin A (ConA) binding to CNE-2L2 cells transfected with a reverse 6A8 DNA was observed, indicating that the 6A8 protein is an important cellular alpha-mannosidase.
Confocal microwave imaging for breast tumor detection: a study of resolution and detection ability (2005)

Confocal microwave imaging (CMI) is a recently introduced method of breast tumor detection that utilizes techniques adapted from ground penetrating radar for mine detection. Initial feasibility studies performed with simulated data indicate that CMI is a promising method for tumor detection and localization. In this paper, we explore the detection ability and resolution of the system. The detection ability is examined by imaging tumors of small diameter, while resolution is investigated by imaging 2 tumors located in dose proximity. Results indicate that tumors located 3 cm deep and of 3-mm diameter and greater are detected. Resolution is estimated to be 1 cm for two 6-mm diameter tumors.
Synthesis of New Mixed-Metal Ammonium Vanadates: Cation Order versus Disorder, and Optical and Photocatalytic Properties (2016)

Two new ammonium vanadate hydrates, i.e., M3(H2O)2V8O24·2NH4 (M = Mn and Co, I and II, respectively) were synthesized using hydrothermal reaction conditions, and their structures were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction [I: P2/m (No. 10), Z = 1, a = 8.2011(2) Å, b = 3.5207(1) Å, c = 9.9129(3) Å, β = 110.987(2)°; II: C2/m (No. 12), Z = 2, a = 19.4594(6) Å, b = 6.7554(2) Å, c = 8.4747(3) Å, β = 112.098(2)°]. Interestingly, the two structures are homeotypic, with the structure of I exhibiting an uncommon type of structural disorder between locally-bridging Mn(H2O)22+ (i.e., part of the oxide framework) and nonbridging NH4+ cations over the same site (1:2 ratio), wherein two NH4+ ions occupy the same site as the two H2O molecules when Mn(II) is vacant. The amount of Mn(II) in the formula of I was determined by a combination of techniques, including electron paramagnetic resonance, while the relative amounts of NH4+/H2O in its structure were determined by combined thermogravimetric-mass spectrometry analyses as well as confirmed by infrared spectroscopy. In contrast, this site disorder is absent in the crystal structure of II, which contains a fully ordered arrangement of locally-bridging Co(H2O)22+ and NH4+ cations that alternate down its c-axis within a larger superstructure related to I by (a → c, b → 2b, c → 2a). Within both structures, the respective Mn2+/Co2+ cations bridge to neighboring edge-sharing chains of distorted VO5 square pyramids, forming a three-dimensional network that contains channels of H2O and NH4+ molecules. Hydrogen bonding distances in I are significantly longer and weaker than in II and leading to the disordered structure of I. Both show the loss of all H2O and NH4+ molecules, by ∼300 °C for I and a slightly higher ∼325 °C for II, in each case yielding V2O5 and MV2O6 (M = Co or Ni) as the final products. Both I and II exhibit visible-light bandgap sizes of ∼1.55 and ∼1.77 eV, respectively, owing to low-energy metal-to-metal electronic transitions. Further, I shows a temperature-dependent photocatalytic activity (at 40 °C) for the production of hydrogen from the reduction of water under irradiation by UV–vis or only visible light at respective rates of ∼314 μmol H2 g–1 h–1 and ∼54 μmol H2 g–1 h–1 (irradiant power density of ∼1.0 W/cm2). Thus, these first two known ammonium vanadate hydrates provide new insights into the structural driving forces for ordered versus disordered structures as well as into their resulting physical properties.
Temporal behavior of the laser pulse for intracavity optical parametric oscillator (2007)

We describe a compact, end-pumped all-solid-state, and Q-switched intracavity optical parametric oscillator (OPO). With this design, the relaxation oscillation type of multi-pulses produced in the intracavity OPO is eliminated. The intracavity OPO is based on periodically poled RbTiOAsO(4) (PPRTA) as the nonlinear material and is pumped by a compact diode-pumped Yb:YAG Q-switched laser at a wavelength of 1.030 microm. The pulse width (FWHM) is about 11 ns at the full pump power for both the signal and idler pulses. Output energies of 384 microJ at idler wavelength and 615 microJ at signal wavelength are obtained. We demonstrate a Q-switched IPOPO oscillator that operates the signal and idler wavelengths without relaxation oscillation type multi-pulses and with fast wavelength tuning ability for both signal and idler wavelength.
Contact Charge Electrophoresis (2014)

The manipulation of small particles - that is, colloids, droplets, capsules, macromolecules, or living cells - by electric fields underlies many important technologies for particle separations, electronic displays, cell sorting, and DNA sequencing to name just a few. Most commonly, charged particles are actuated by spatially uniform electric fields through electrophoresis; electrically polarizable particles are actuated by electric field gradients via dielectrophoresis. Recently, a new type of electrophoretic transport has been observed - here, termed contact charge electrophoresis (CCEP) - in which a conductive particle or droplet is first charged by contact with an electrode surface in the presence of an electric field and then actuated by that field via electrophoresis. Each time the particle contacts an electrode, its charge changes sign and its velocity changes direction. In contrast to traditional EP and DEP, contact charge electrophoresis allows for rapid, sustained particle motion (&gt;10 cm/s for a micron-scale colloid) driven by low power DC voltages (~1 nW). These attributes make CCEP an ideal mechanism for powering the various active components needed for mobile (i.e., small, battery powered) microfluidic technologies. We describe our recent efforts (i) to understand CCEP fundamentals (e.g., of contact charge transfer and complex particle motions), and (ii) to apply CCEP principles to power active colloidal systems (e.g., for rapid particle transport and microfluidic mixing).
Active Learning with Cross-Class Similarity Transfer (2017)

How to save labeling efforts for training supervised classifiers is an important research topic in machine learning community. Active learning (AL) and transfer learning (TL) are two useful tools to achieve this goal, and their combination, i.e., transfer active learning (T-AL) has also attracted considerable research interest. However, existing T-AL approaches consider to transfer knowledge from a source/auxiliary domain which has the same class labels as the target domain, but ignore the relationship among classes. In this paper, we investigate a more practical setting where the classes in source domain are related/similar to but different from the target domain classes. Specifically, we propose a novel cross-class T-AL approach to simultaneously transfer knowledge from source domain and actively annotate the most informative samples in target domain so that we can train satisfactory classifiers with as few labeled samples as possible. In particular, based on the class-class similarity and sample-sample similarity, we adopt a similarity propagation to find the source domain samples that can well capture the characteristics of a target class and then transfer the similar samples as the (pseudo) labeled data for the target class. In turn, the labeled and transferred samples are used to train classifiers and actively select new samples for annotation. Extensive experiments on three datasets demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms significantly the state-of-the-art related approaches.
Discovery of a Unique Novel Clade of Mosquito-Associated Bunyaviruses (2013)

ABSTRACT Bunyaviruses are the largest known family of RNA viruses, infecting vertebrates, insects, and plants. Here we isolated three novel bunyaviruses from mosquitoes sampled in Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, and Uganda. The viruses define a highly diversified monophyletic sister clade to all members of the genus Orthobunyavirus and are virtually equidistant to orthobunyaviruses and tospoviruses. Maximal amino acid identities between homologous putative proteins of the novel group and orthobunyaviruses ranged between 12 and 25%. The type isolates, tentatively named Herbert virus (HEBV), Taï virus (TAIV), and Kibale virus (KIBV), comprised genomes with L, M, and S segments of about 7.4 kb, 2.7 kb, and 1.1 kb, respectively. HEBV, TAIV, and KIBV encode the shortest bunyavirus M segments known and did not seem to encode NSs and NSm proteins but contained an elongated L segment with an ∼500-nucleotide (nt) insertion that shows no identity to other bunyaviruses. The viruses replicated to high titers in insect cells but did not replicate in vertebrate cells. The enveloped virions were 90 to 110 nm in diameter and budded at cellular membranes with morphological features typical of the Golgi complex. Viral RNA recovered from infected cells showed 5′-terminal nontemplated sequences of 9 to 22 nt, suggestive of cap snatching during mRNA synthesis, as described for other bunyaviruses. Northern blotting identified RNA species of full and reduced lengths, suggested upon analogy with other bunyaviruses to constitute antigenomic-sense cRNA and transcript mRNAs, respectively. Functional studies will be necessary to determine if this group of viruses constitutes a novel genus in the bunyavirus family.
N-Induced Electron Transfer Effect on Low-Temperature Activation of Nitrogen for Ammonia Synthesis over Co-Based Catalysts (2021)

The industrial synthesis of ammonia (NH3) using Fe-based derived catalysts requires harsh reaction conditions (400–600 °C, 20–40 MPa). It is desirable to develop catalysts that perform well at low temperature and pressure (<400 °C, <2 MPa). The main challenge of low-temperature NH3 synthesis is the dissociation of the extremely stable N≡N triple bond (945 kJ/mol). Herein, the N-doped C-supported Co catalyst was demonstrated to be active and efficient for NH3 synthesis under mild conditions, resulting from the hybridization of the d orbitals of Co with p orbitals of nitrogen for Co–N coordination. The doping of N has three relevant effects. The first is the size decrease in Co nanoparticles. It is proven by in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and synchrotron-based X-ray absorption near-edge structure and extended X-ray absorption fine structure analyses coupled with density functional theory calculation that there is strong electron transfer from the doped N to Co. Hence, the second effect of N doping is the increase in electronic state of Co d orbitals which promotes the donation of 3d electrons from Co to the π* orbital of N2, leading to a decrease in activation energy for the N2 molecule. The third is the involvement of nitrogen vacancies. The pyridine N weakly coordinated with highly dispersed Co reacts with adsorbed H2 to form NH3, simultaneously generating N vacancies; then, the consumed N species can be replenished via N2 adsorption on vacancy sites. These factors contribute to the superiority of the N-doped carbon-supported Co-based catalyst, which achieves an NH3 production rate of 1.59 mmolNH3·gcat–1·h–1 at even 250 °C and 1 MPa.
Comparison of Home and Away-From-Home Physical Activity Using Accelerometers and Cellular Network–Based Tracking Devices (2012)

Cellular network-based tracking devices represent an alternative to global positioning systems for tracking location, and provide information easily integrated with accelerometers to determine where physical activity takes place. Promoting greater time spent away from home may increase physical activity.
Notice of Removal: Design of Four-Way Quasi-Optical Power Combiner for High Power Millimeter Wave (2019)

Removed.
Pooled Resistance Analysis in Patients with Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 1 to 6 Infection Treated with Glecaprevir-Pibrentasvir in Phase 2 and 3 Clinical Trials (2018)

Over 2,200 patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes (GT) 1 to 6, with or without cirrhosis, who were treatment naive or experienced to interferon, ribavirin, and/or sofosbuvir were treated with glecaprevir/pibrentasvir for 8, 12, or 16 weeks in eight registrational phase 2 and 3 clinical studies. High rates of sustained virologic response at 12 weeks postdosing (SVR12) were achieved with a <1% virologic failure (VF) rate. The prevalence of baseline polymorphisms (BPs) in NS3 at amino acid position 155 or 168 was low (<3%) in patients infected with GT1, GT2, GT3, GT4, and GT6, while 41.9% of the GT5-infected patients had NS3-D168E; BPs were not detected at position 156 in NS3. The prevalence of NS5A-BPs was high across genotypes, driven by common polymorphisms at amino acid position 30 or 31 in GT2, 58 in GT4, and 28 in GT6. The prevalence of NS5A T/Y93 polymorphisms was 5.5% in GT1, 4.9% in GT3, and 12.5% in GT6. Consistent with the activity of glecaprevir and pibrentasvir against most amino acid polymorphisms <i>in vitro</i>, BPs in NS3 and/or NS5A did not have an impact on treatment outcome for patients infected with GT1 to GT6, with the exception of treatment-experienced GT3-infected patients treated for 12 weeks, for whom a 16-week regimen of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir was required to achieve SVR12 rates of ≥95%. Among the 22 patients experiencing VF, treatment-emergent substitutions were detected in NS3 in 50% of patients and in NS5A in 82% of patients, frequently as a combination of substitutions that conferred resistance to glecaprevir and/or pibrentasvir. The glecaprevir/pibrentasvir regimen, when the recommended durations are used, allows for a pan-genotypic treatment option without the need for baseline resistance testing.
Vision-based loop closing for delayed state robot mapping (2007)

This paper shows results on outdoor vision-based loop closing for simultaneous localization and mapping. Our experiments show that for loops of over 50 m, the pose estimates maintained with a delayed-state extended information filter are consistent enough to guarantee assertion of vision- based pose constraints for loop closure, provided no necessary information links are added to the estimator. The technique computes relative pose constraints via a robust least squares minimization of 3D point correspondences, which are in turn obtained from the matching of SIFT features over candidate image pairs. We propose a loop closure test that checks both for closeness of means and for highly informative updates at the same time.
Superlattice formation in mixtures of hard-sphere colloids (2000)

We report a detailed experimental study of the superlattice structures formed in dense binary mixtures of hard-sphere colloids. The phase diagrams observed depend sensitively on the ratio alpha=R(S)/R(L) of the radii of the small (S) and large (L) components. Mixtures of size ratio alpha=0.72, 0.52, 0.42, and 0.39 are studied. The structures of the colloidal phases formed were identified using a combination of light-scattering techniques and confocal fluorescent microscopy. At alpha=0.39, ordered binary crystals are formed in suspensions containing an equal number of large and small spheres which microscopy shows have a three-dimensional structure similar to either NaCl or NiAs. At the larger size ratio, alpha=0.52, we observe LS2 and LS13 superlattices, isostructural to the molecular compounds AlB2 and NaZn13, while at alpha=0.72 the two components are immiscible in the solid state and no superlattice structures are found. These experimental observations are compared with the predictions of Monte Carlo simulations and cell model theories.
Open-World Pose Transfer via Sequential Test-Time Adaption (2023)

Pose transfer aims to transfer a given person into a specified posture, has recently attracted considerable attention. A typical pose transfer framework usually employs representative datasets to train a discriminative model, which is often violated by out-of-distribution (OOD) instances. Recently, test-time adaption (TTA) offers a feasible solution for OOD data by using a pre-trained model that learns essential features with self-supervision. However, those methods implicitly make an assumption that all test distributions have a unified signal that can be learned directly. In open-world conditions, the pose transfer task raises various independent signals: OOD appearance and skeleton, which need to be extracted and distributed in speciality. To address this point, we develop a SEquential Test-time Adaption (SETA). In the test-time phrase, SETA extracts and distributes external appearance texture by augmenting OOD data for self-supervised training. To make non-Euclidean similarity among different postures explicit, SETA uses the image representations derived from a person re-identification (Re-ID) model for similarity computation. By addressing implicit posture representation in the test-time sequentially, SETA greatly improves the generalization performance of current pose transfer models. In our experiment, we first show that pose transfer can be applied to open-world applications, including Tiktok reenactment and celebrity motion synthesis.
An accurate and rapid continuous wavelet dynamic time warping algorithm for unbalanced global mapping in nanopore sequencing (2017)

Abstract Long-reads, point-of-care, and PCR-free are the promises brought by nanopore sequencing. Among various steps in nanopore data analysis, the global mapping between the raw electrical current signal sequence and the expected signal sequence from the pore model serves as the key building block to base calling, reads mapping, variant identification, and methylation detection. However, the ultra-long reads of nanopore sequencing and an order of magnitude difference in the sampling speeds of the two sequences make the classical dynamic time warping (DTW) and its variants infeasible to solve the problem. Here, we propose a novel multi-level DTW algorithm, cwDTW, based on continuous wavelet transforms with different scales of the two signal sequences. Our algorithm starts from low-resolution wavelet transforms of the two sequences, such that the transformed sequences are short and have similar sampling rates. Then the peaks and nadirs of the transformed sequences are extracted to form feature sequences with similar lengths, which can be easily mapped by the original DTW. Our algorithm then recursively projects the warping path from a lower-resolution level to a higher-resolution one by building a context-dependent boundary and enabling a constrained search for the warping path in the latter. Comprehensive experiments on two real nanopore datasets on human and on Pandoraea pnomenusa , as well as two benchmark datasets from previous studies, demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. In particular, cwDTW can almost always generate warping paths that are very close to the original DTW, which are remarkably more accurate than the state-of-the-art methods including Fast-DTW and PrunedDTW. Meanwhile, on the real nanopore datasets, cwDTW is about 440 times faster than FastDTW and 3000 times faster than the original DTW. Our program is available at https://github.com/realbigws/cwDTW .
Inverted Region Electron Transfer Demonstrated by Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence at the Liquid/Liquid Interface (1999)

We describe several transinterface electron-transfer processes occurring at the benzonitrile (PhCN)/water interface that produce excited states. When an electrode was moved very close to the interface or even through the interface to produce an electrode/thin layer organic phase/aqueous solution configuration, the electrogenerated radical species formed in the PhCN phase (C12−Ru(bpy)33+, DPA+, or TH+) diffused to the liquid/liquid interface to react with (oxidize) a coreactant (C2O42-) soluble only in the aqueous solution, leading to the formation of a strongly reducing radical species (CO2•-). The electron transfer from CO2•- in the aqueous solution to the oxidized species in the organic phase across the liquid/liquid interface produced an electronically excited state which then emitted light. The appearance of an ECL signal in these systems supports the suggestion of Marcus inverted region behavior in very exothermic heterogeneous electron-transfer reactions at the liquid/liquid interface.
Developmental Changes in Neuronal Responsiveness to the CNS Myelin‐associated Neurite Growth Inhibitor N I‐35/250 (1997)

The extent of fibre regeneration in the adult injured vertebrate nervous system appears to be primarily determined by the local environment. Thus, the failure of axon regrowth in the central nervous system (CNS) is crucially influenced by the presence of the myelin-associated neurite growth inhibitor NI-35/250 and possibly also by molecules such as the myelin-associated glycoprotein and the proteoglycans. Developmental time course studies have shown that the capacity for regeneration declines sharply with the appearance of mature oligodendrocytes and myelin, which indicates a role of NI-35/250 in restricting CNS regeneration and plasticity. However, recent in vitro and in vivo studies showed that embryonic neurons are capable of extending fibres on and in adult CNS tissue apparently unaffected by myelinated areas. A possible explanation is that very immature neurons have yet to express the appropriate receptors and response mechanisms for factors that normally induce growth inhibition at a later stage of development. Here we report that embryonic rat dorsal root ganglion and chick retinal ganglion cells display different sensitivity to bovine NI-35/250 compared with mature neurons. In older neurons NI-35/250 could evoke long-lasting collapse responses accompanied by a large increase in the intracellular calcium level, persisting for several minutes. In contrast, their embryonic counterparts collapsed only transiently when exposed to NI-35/250, and increases in intracellular calcium concentration were small and transient. Calcium influx induced experimentally by the calcium ionophore A23187 revealed that it was not the maximal size of the calcium increase but rather the duration of elevated calcium concentration that was the most important determinant for subsequent morphological alterations of the growth cone. Our data further suggest that developing neurons acquire their complete sensitivity for NI-35/250 around the time of myelination.