gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nature and Amount of Auxin in Algae (1985)

Evidence for the occurrence of indole 3-acetic acid in Caulerpa paspaloides extracts was obtained by bioassay, by high-performance liquid chromatography with an electrochemical detector, and by capillary gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry. The amount of indole 3-acetic acid present was estimated to be about 1 milligram per kilogram fresh weight, with an error limit of one order of magnitude. This is in the range reported from angiosperms.
Direct targets of the TRP63 transcription factor revealed by a combination of gene expression profiling and reverse engineering (2008)

Genome-wide identification of bona-fide targets of transcription factors in mammalian cells is still a challenge. We present a novel integrated computational and experimental approach to identify direct targets of a transcription factor. This consists of measuring time-course (dynamic) gene expression profiles upon perturbation of the transcription factor under study, and in applying a novel "reverse-engineering" algorithm (TSNI) to rank genes according to their probability of being direct targets. Using primary keratinocytes as a model system, we identified novel transcriptional target genes of TRP63, a crucial regulator of skin development. TSNI-predicted TRP63 target genes were validated by Trp63 knockdown and by ChIP-chip to identify TRP63-bound regions in vivo. Our study revealed that short sampling times, in the order of minutes, are needed to capture the dynamics of gene expression in mammalian cells. We show that TRP63 transiently regulates a subset of its direct targets, thus highlighting the importance of considering temporal dynamics when identifying transcriptional targets. Using this approach, we uncovered a previously unsuspected transient regulation of the AP-1 complex by TRP63 through direct regulation of a subset of AP-1 components. The integrated experimental and computational approach described here is readily applicable to other transcription factors in mammalian systems and is complementary to genome-wide identification of transcription-factor binding sites.
A Semantic Data Validation Service for Web Applications (2010)

An Input validation can be a critical issue. Typically, a little attention is paid to it in a web development project, because overenthusiastic validation can tend to cause failures in the software, and can also break the security upon web applications such as an unauthorized access to data. Now, it is estimated the web application vulnerabilities (such as XSS or SQL injection) for more than two thirds of the reported web security vulnerabilities. In this paper, we start with a case study of the bypassing data validation and security vulnerabilities such as SQL injection and then go on to discuss the merits of a number of common data validation techniques. We also review the different solutions to date to provide data validation techniques in ecommerce applications. From this analysis, a new data validation service which is based upon semantic web Technologies, has been designed and implemented to prevent the web security vulnerabilities at the application level and to secure the web system even if the input validation modules are bypassed. Our semantic architecture consists of the following components: RDFa annotation for elements of web pages, interceptor, RDF extractor, RDF parser, and data validator. The experimental results of the pilot study indicate that the proposed data validation service might provide a detection, and prevention of some web application attacks.
Putting threshold concepts into context in computer science education (2006)

This paper describes Threshold Concepts, a theory of learning that distinguishes core concepts whose characteristics can make them troublesome in learning. With an eye to applying this theory in computer science, we consider this notion in the context of related topics in computer science education.
Low-Dose Multislice Spiral Computed Tomography in Acute Lung Injury (2003)

In the animal experiments, low-dose MSCT-scanning did not impair the diagnostic accuracy in ALI, offering an advantageous reduction of radiation exposure.
Mixture theory modeling for characterizing solute transport in breast tumor tissues (2019)

This work suggests that the knowledge of such a unique non-dimensional time would allow estimation of the time window at which solute concentration in tissue peaks. Hence this can aid in the design of future therapeutic efficacy studies as an example for triggering drug release or laser excitation in the case of photothermal therapies.
Chemokine-directed immune cell infiltration in acute and chronic liver disease (2008)

The infiltration of various immune cell populations, including monocytes/macrophages, natural killer (NK), NKT cells and T cells, is a central pathogenic feature following acute- and chronic liver injury. Chemotactic cytokines, chemokines, are small-protein mediators that direct the migration of immune cells. Several hepatic cell populations, including hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, sinusoidal endothelial cells and hepatic stellate cells, can secrete chemokines upon activation. Samples from liver-disease patients and animal models of experimental injury highlight multiple activated chemokine pathways during initiation, maintenance or resolution of liver pathology. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (Chemokine [C-C motif] ligand [CCL]2) can attract monocytes via CCR2. Infiltrating monocytes probably have functions in both disease progression and resolution of damage. RANTES (CCL5) may promote infiltration of NK (via CCR1) and T cells (via CCR5). Dissecting the exact functional contribution of immune cell subsets, chemokines and chemokine-receptor pathways in liver injury will hopefully identify novel targets for the treatment of acute liver failure, liver fibrosis or cirrhosis.
Conception de membranes de nitrure de bore par ALD (2016)

International audience
Word Sense Annotation of Polysemous Words by Multiple Annotators (2010)

We describe results of a word sense annotation task using WordNet, involving half a dozen well-trained annotators on ten polysemous words for three parts of speech. One hundred sentences for each word were annotated. Annotators had the same level of training and experience, but interannotator agreement (IA) varied across words. There was some effect of part of speech, with higher agreement on nouns and adjectives, but within the words for each part of speech there was wide variation. This variation in IA does not correlate with number of senses in the inventory, or the number of senses actually selected by annotators. In fact, IA was sometimes quite high for words with many senses. We claim that the IA variation is due to the word meanings, contexts of use, and individual differences among annotators. We find some correlation of IA with sense confusability as measured by a sense confusion threshhold (CT). Data mining for association rules on a flattened data representation indicating each annotator’s sense choices identifies outliers for some words, and systematic differences among pairs of annotators on others. 1.
Dialysis and Concentration of Protein Solutions (1997)

Conventional dialysis separates small molecules from large molecules by allowing diffusion of only the small molecules through selectively permeable membranes. This appendix describes dialysis of large- and small-volume samples using cellulose membranes with pore sizes designed to exclude molecules above a selected molecular weight. A Support Protocol describes preparation of membranes for dialysis and discusses issues related to the selection of membranes including commercial kits.
Nanotechnological Manufacturing: Nanostructured Polymers Designed for Plasma/Energetic Beam Templating of Materials (2006)

Controlled patterning of materials at the nanoscale will be one of the foundations of nanotechnological manufacturing. The extension of lithographic approaches to nanoscale technology not only involves photolithography, but increasingly organic mask patterns produced using soft lithography, block copolymer self-assembly, and extreme ultraviolet lithographic techniques. In each case an organic film-based image is produced which is subsequently transferred by plasma etching techniques into underlying films/substrates to produce nanoscale materials templates. One of the least understood elements of this approach is the interaction of the plasma species with the organic molecules representing the image, and the chemical, morphological and topographic changes induced by these interactions in the macromolecules themselves and macromolecule-defined nanoscale features. The demand for nanometer scale resolution of image transfer protocols requires understanding and control of plasma/organic mask interactions to a degree that is unprecedented and has not been achieved. The overall scientific objective of this project is to obtain a fundamental understanding of the atomistic factors that govern chemical and morphological stability of polymer nanostructures in plasma environments used for pattern transfer, and how changes of specific molecular structures and the microscopic parameters of the plasma process (ion composition, ion/neutral ratio, ion energy, etc.) affects this. This understanding will be used to articulate organic imaging material design criteria required for superior chemical and morphological stability of nanoscale features in the plasma environment used for the pattern transfer. This work will establish molecular structure-property relationships of organic materials in the plasma processing environment so that the transfer of nanoscale images to underlayers/substrates is successful. We plan to leverage this scientific understanding for design of organic masking materials that will meet the requirements of nanoscale manufacturing. This NIRT project brings together an interdisciplinary group of academic and industrial researchers with the expertise and research capabilities in complementary areas required for
Combinatorial Analysis of Phenotypic and Clinical Risk Factors Associated With Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients (2021)

Characterization of the risk factors associated with variability in the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 is important. Our previous study using genomic data identified a potential role of calcium and lipid homeostasis in severe COVID-19. This study aimed to identify similar combinations of features (disease signatures) associated with severe disease in a separate patient population with purely clinical and phenotypic data. The PrecisionLife combinatorial analytics platform was used to analyze features derived from de-identified health records in the UnitedHealth Group COVID-19 Data Suite. The platform identified and analyzed 836 disease signatures in two cohorts associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 hospitalization. Cohort 1 was formed of cases hospitalized with COVID-19 and a set of controls who developed mild symptoms. Cohort 2 included Cohort 1 individuals for whom additional laboratory test data was available. We found several disease signatures where lower levels of lipids were found co-occurring with lower levels of serum calcium and leukocytes. Many of the low lipid signatures were independent of statin use and 50% of cases with hypocalcemia signatures were reported with vitamin D deficiency. These signatures may be attributed to similar mechanisms linking calcium and lipid signaling where changes in cellular lipid levels during inflammation and infection affect calcium signaling in host cells. This study and our previous genomics analysis demonstrate that combinatorial analysis can identify disease signatures associated with the risk of developing severe COVID-19 separately from genomic or clinical data in different populations. Both studies suggest associations between calcium and lipid signaling in severe COVID-19.
Comparison of Reticular and Rectal Core Body Temperatures in Lactating Dairy Cows (2008)

The Phase IV Cattle Temperature Monitoring System (CTMS; Phase IV Engineering Inc., Boulder, CO) marketed by MaGiiX (MaGiiX Inc., Post Falls, ID) uses a passive bolus equipped with a temperature sensor, a panel reader placed at a parlor entrance or exit to query the bolus, and a software package to collect, analyze, and view data. The biologically inert bolus resides in the cow's reticulum and is queried each time the cow passes the reader. Reticular temperature (RETT) and rectal temperature (RECT) were recorded simultaneously in the milking parlor exit lane in 4 consecutive milkings in each of 4 seasons, totaling 16 measurements per cow. The RETT were obtained by using the phase IV CTMS, whereas the RECT were obtained manually with a GLA M750 thermometer (GLA Agricultural Electronics, San Luis Obispo, CA). Data were edited to remove RETT likely to have been affected by a recent drinking bout. For the 2,042 observations used in analyses, means (+/-SD) were 39.28 (+/-0.41), 38.83 (+/-0.36), and 0.45 (+/-0.33) for RETT, RECT, and the difference between RETT and RECT, respectively. The RETT and RECT were strongly correlated (r = 0.645). The relationship between RETT and RECT varied by season, milking, housing system, and parity. Because dairy producers and veterinarians are accustomed to viewing rectal temperatures, equations to adjust reticular temperatures to a rectal-based scale may increase the utility of the phase IV CTMS. The resulting conversion equations were RECT = 19.23 + 0.496(RETT) for the a.m. milking and RECT = 15.88 + 0.587(RETT) for the p.m. milking.
Epoxy‐amine multimethacrylic prepolymers, kinetic and structural studies (1995)

Abstract Epoxy‐amine methacrylated prepolymers are prepared in a 1‐step synthesis by the reaction of Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, glycidyl methacrylate, and different diamines. The adaptation of these reactions to production processes with a reduced reaction time requires a kinetic control and the use of efficient catalysts. The comparative kinetic treatment of the epoxy‐amine reaction in the frame of Horie's and Rozenberg's kinetic schemes have been made. Cases where an efficient acid catalyst is used are also examined. Structural studies of these reactions established the occurrence of a Michael amine/double bond addition, when some amines are used. © 1995 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Application of the thianthrene 5-oxide mechanistic probe to peroxometal complexes (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTApplication of the thianthrene 5-oxide mechanistic probe to peroxometal complexesFrancesco P. Ballistreri, Gaetano A. Tomaselli, Rosa Maria Toscano, Valeria Conte, and Fulvio Di FuriaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 16, 6209–6212Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00016a042https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00016a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views299Altmetric-Citations69LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Further conventions for NMR shielding and chemical shifts (IUPAC Recommendations 2008) (2008)

Abstract IUPAC has published a number of recommendations regarding the reporting of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data, especially chemical shifts. The most recent publication [ Pure Appl. Chem. 73 , 1795 (2001)] recommended that tetramethylsilane (TMS) serve as a universal reference for reporting the shifts of all nuclides, but it deferred recommendations for several aspects of this subject. This document first examines the extent to which the 1 H shielding in TMS itself is subject to change by variation in temperature, concentration, and solvent. On the basis of recently published results, it has been established that the shielding of TMS in solution [along with that of sodium-3-(trimethylsilyl)propanesulfonate, DSS, often used as a reference for aqueous solutions] varies only slightly with temperature but is subject to solvent perturbations of a few tenths of a parts per million (ppm). Recommendations are given for reporting chemical shifts under most routine experimental conditions and for quantifying effects of temperature and solvent variation, including the use of magnetic susceptibility corrections and of magic-angle spinning (MAS). This document provides the first IUPAC recommendations for referencing and reporting chemical shifts in solids, based on high-resolution MAS studies. Procedures are given for relating 13 C NMR chemical shifts in solids to the scales used for high-resolution studies in the liquid phase. The notation and terminology used for describing chemical shift and shielding tensors in solids is reviewed in some detail, and recommendations are given for best practice.
Gigacycle Fatigue Properties of Hydrogen Charged High Strength Steels (2013)

Gigacycle fatigue tests were conducted for hydrogen charged SCM440 low-alloy and SUJ2 bearing steels prepared with a double-melting method to improve their cleanliness. In case of the SCM440 steel, 200 and 550ºC tempered samples were prepared. The fatigue tests were conducted mostly using an ultrasonic fatigue testing machine. In case of the SUJ2 steel and the 200ºC tempered version of the SCM440 steel, fish-eye fracture occurred both in base and hydrogen charged steels, and the hydrogen charged steels showed large drops of fatigue strength. The 550ºC tempered version of the SCM440 steel revealed only surface fracture below 107 cycles and the fatigue strength was almost equal between the base and hydrogen charged steels, while the hydrogen charged steel showed fish-eye fracture above 108 cycles, decreasing the fatigue strength. These results meant that the effects of hydrogen were large on the fish-eye fracture properties, while they were small on the surface fracture properties. The degradation of fatigue strength was caused by diffusible hydrogen absorbed in the matrix. Although the SUJ2 steel revealed non-diffusible hydrogen trapped by insoluble carbides, the fatigue strength of the SUJ2 steel was almost equal to that of the 200ºC tempered version of the SCM440 steel. This meant that the non-diffusible hydrogen trapped by insoluble carbides had negligible effects on the fatigue strength.
Standardizing the d-dimer Assay: Proposing the d-dimer International Managed Ratio (2015)

cian to make more rational treatment decisions.
Intramolecular Nitrile C–H Bond Activation in Nickel NHC Complexes: A Route to New Nickelacycles (2011)

Cyclopentadienyl N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) nickel complexes of general formula [Ni(NHC)XCp] (NHC = 1-(propylnitrile)-3-methylimidazol-2-ylidene, 1-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-3-(butylnitrile)imidazol-2-ylidene, 1-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-3-(pentylnitrile)imidazol-2-ylidene, 1-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-3-(hexylnitrile)imidazol-2-ylidene; X = Cl, Br, I; Cp = η5-C5H5), which bear an alkylnitrile side chain attached to one of the nitrogen atoms of the NHC ring, were prepared by the direct reaction of nickelocene with the corresponding imidazolium salts (NHC·HX). The new complexes [Ni{Me-NHC-(CH2)2CN}ICp] (1a), [Ni{Mes-NHC-(CH2)3CN}ClCp] (1b), [Ni{Mes-NHC-(CH2)4CN}ICp] (1c), and [Ni{Mes-NHC-(CH2)5CN}BrCp] (1d) were obtained in good yields and were fully characterized by standard spectroscopic techniques and elemental analyses and, in the cases of 1a,b, by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. Structural studies established their two-legged piano-stool geometry. The cationic derivatives [Ni{Mes-NHC-(CH2)nCN}(NCMe)Cp]+ (2b–d; n = 3–5) were prepared from the reaction of their neutral homologues 1b−d with KPF6 in acetonitrile at room temperature. Upon treatment of the neutral complexes 1 or of the cationic compounds 2 with KO-t-Bu, a C–H bond α to the nitrile group in each molecule underwent a base-promoted C–H activation and the new nickelacyclic complexes [Ni{Me-NHC-CH2CH(CN)}Cp] (3a) and [Ni{Mes-NHC-(CH2)nCH(CN)}Cp] (3b–d; n = 2–4) were obtained. All of these metallacycles contain Ni–C σ-bonds, and their synthesis generated a new asymmetric carbon center. The cyclic complexes 3 were fully characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, and elemental analyses. The structures of complexes 3b and 3d, which contain six- and eight-membered metallacyclic rings, respectively, were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. DFT studies, carried out to probe the mechanism of these cyclonickelation reactions, indicated that the mechanism of formation of these nickelacycles was similar to that observed for the formation of cyanomethyl ligands from coordinated acetonitrile. Nevertheless, the base deprotonation of an α-C–H ligand in a side arm, while thermodynamically comparable to that of a simultaneously coordinated acetonitrile ligand, is kinetically favored, and this leads to the formation of nickelacycles rather than cyanomethyl complexes in the case of the base-assisted activation of the cationic complexes 2.
OpTIStore: An Exhaustive Tool For The Optimal Design And Sizing Of Combined PV-Storage Systems In Industrial Buildings (2018)

n this paper, we present Optistore: an innovative open source web tool guiding the sizing of combined PV-storage systems, with a particular focus on industrial buildings. The tool allows to automatically size PV and storage systems taking into account roof size and orientation, typical meteorological conditions of the region and consumption profiles. The automatic sizing can be performed as a function of different optimization objectives, among them the maximization of the internal rate of return of the investment, the self-consumption, the autarky and the PV production. The tool also enables the users to insert consumption data to improve the estimation of self consumption and, in case data are not available, it provides means to estimate them. The tool also allows to model fleets of electric vehicles, designing usage patterns and allowing to select the number and type of vehicles with the related charging stations. Bidirectional usage of EV batteries is also possible. Since in a web tool the user experience is crucial, the optimization algorithms are designed with a strong focus on responsivity. To reach reasonable convergence times, a number of approximations are used. We provide here a validation of these techniques and assess their performance against more complex and detailed simulations. In a second step, the Optistore tool is used to automatically size PV systems on the roofs of an industrial district located in southern Switzerland. The impact at medium voltage level of the PV penetration and the effect of the storage introduction are investigated in simulation.