gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
NO Reactions Inside Crystals (2023)

Abstract Reactions of chemisorbed reagents inside the crystalline molecular solid state are rare but offer unexploited methods for selective solvent‐free chemical synthesis. Here we show that the greenhouse gas precursor, nitric oxide (NO) is chemisorbed by crystals of the hexafluorophosphate salts of complexes containing dicobalt sites. On NO sorption a cascade of reactions results in the in‐crystal synthesis of nitrite and other gaseous NO x . Recrystallization enabled structural elucidation of the mixed valent {[(bpbp)Co 2 (μ‐(η 1 ‐O : η 1 ‐N)‐ONO)] 2 (bdc)} 4+ (bpbp=2,6‐bis( N,N ‐bis(2‐pyridylmethyl)aminomethyl)‐4‐tert‐butylphenolato, bdc=1,4‐benzenedicarboxylato) cation. Overlapping signals in the solid‐state EPR spectra confirm the Co II Co III oxidation state and the presence of NO 2 trapped inside the unrecrystallised solid products (br. g =4, triplet g =2 (340 mT), A(N)=73 MHz), despite three cycles of vacuum and N 2 flushing. Consistently, ν N−O bands appear in the Raman and IR spectra that are due to the coordinated nitrate and the trapped NO 2 that were synthesized in‐crystal. The latter is expelled by heating the solid to 160 °C or by recrystallization. Dimetallic cooperativity is proposed for the NO transformations in these rare examples of selective, chemisorptive substrate reactions in the solid‐state.
Enhanced bioremediation utilizing hydrogen peroxide as a supplemental source of oxygen: A laboratory and field study. Final report, August 1987-November 1989 (1990)

Laboratory and field-scale studies were conducted to investigate the feasibility of using hydrogen peroxide as a supplemental source of oxygen for bioremediation of an aviation gasoline fuel spill. Field samples of aviation gasoline contaminated aquifer material were artificially enhanced with nutrients to promote microbiological degradation of fuel carbon in a laboratory column experiment. The rapid rate of hydrogen peroxide decomposition at 100 mg/l resulted in the production of oxygen gas. An oxygen mass balance indicated that approximately 44% and 45% of the influent oxygen was recovered in aqueous and gaseous phases, respectively. Reduced rates of oxygen consumption during this period indicated that microbial inhibition may have occurred. Ground-water data from the enhanced in-situ bioremediation pilot field study indicates that hydrogen peroxide successfully increased the concentration of available oxygen downgradient. In the study, however, it was observed that there was a measurable increase of oxygen in the soil-gas area where hydrogen peroxide was injected. This indicated that a significant fraction of hydrogen peroxide rapidly decomposed to oxygen gas and escaped into the unsaturated zone.
Up-regulation of Neutral Glycosphingolipid Synthesis upon Long Term Inhibition of Ceramide Synthesis by Fumonisin B1 (1999)

In a previous study we observed that long term (5 days) incubation with fumonisin B1 (FB1), an inhibitor of acylation of sphingoid long chain bases to (dihydro)ceramide, resulted in morphological and biochemical changes in 3T3 fibroblasts (Meivar-Levy, I., Sabanay, H., Bershadsky, A. D., and Futerman, A. H. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272, 1558-1564). Among these were changes in the profile of synthesis of sphingolipids (SLs) and glycosphingolipids (GSLs). Whereas [3H]globotriaosylceramide ([3H]Gb3) comprised 1.9% of the total [3H]SLs and [3H]GSLs synthesized in control cells, it comprised 16. 5% in FB1-treated cells. We now demonstrate by in vitro analysis that inhibition of ceramide synthesis by FB1 for 5 days results in up-regulation of the activities of three enzymes in the pathway of Gb3 synthesis, namely glucosylceramide, lactosylceramide, and Gb3 synthases; up-regulation is due to an increase in Vmax, with no change in Km values toward lipid substrates. Moreover, molecular analysis (reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction) of glucosylceramide synthase indicated that this enzyme is up-regulated at the transcriptional level. No changes in either the Vmax or Km values of sphingomyelin or of GM3 synthase were detected after FB1 treatment. Analysis of SL and GSL synthesis in cultured cells using [4,5-3H]sphinganine as a metabolic precursor demonstrated that at low substrate concentrations, Gb3 synthesis is favored over GM3 synthesis and glucosylceramide synthesis is favored over sphingomyelin synthesis, whereas the opposite is true at high substrate concentrations. These data demonstrate that GSL synthesis and in particular Gb3 synthesis are tightly regulated in fibroblasts, presumably so as to maintain constant levels of Gb3 on the cell surface.
Compact quad-mode single band/dual-mode dualband bandpass filters using two coupled loop resonators (2014)

In this letter, a quad-mode single band bandpass filter and a dual-mode dualband bandpass filter are designed and fabricated by the same structure (two coupled dual-mode loop resonators), which consist of an outer loop resonator with square-patch perturbation at the corner and a inner loop resonator with corner-cut perturbation at the corner. Four transmission zeros are realized in the stopbands to improve the selectivity of the two proposed bandpass filters. Good agreement is observed between simulated and measured performances.
Coset codes for compound multiple access channels with common information (2009)

This paper considers code construction for arbitrary discrete memoryless compound multiple access channels (MACs) with common information. This class of channels includes a MAC with/without common messages or with partially cooperating encoders. A construction method of code ensembles based on coset codes is proposed for these channels. Assuming joint maximum likelihood decoding, the performance of the proposed code ensemble is analyzed by deriving error exponents. A condition is shown such that codes achieve the capacity region on average. The result obtained here reduces to the result of Slepian and Wolf or other conventional works if restricted to a single MAC. A combination of good linear codes gives capacity achieving codes for compound MACs with common messages or with partially cooperating encoders.
Synthesis of 1,2-Disubstituted Indoles from α-Aminonitriles and 2-Halobenzyl Halides (2016)

The α-alkylation of deprotonated Strecker products derived from primary amines and aromatic aldehydes with 2-halobenzyl halides furnishes intermediates that can be cyclized to 1,2-disubstituted indoles in moderate to high yields (up to 94% over two steps) by microwave-assisted copper- or palladium-catalyzed intramolecular cross-coupling.
An efficient B-tree layer implementation for flash-memory storage systems (2007)

With the significant growth of the markets for consumer electronics and various embedded systems, flash memory is now an economic solution for storage systems design. Because index structures require intensively fine-grained updates/modifications, block-oriented access over flash memory could introduce a significant number of redundant writes. This might not only severely degrade the overall performance, but also damage the reliability of flash memory. In this paper, we propose a very different approach, which can efficiently handle fine-grained updates/modifications caused by B-tree index access over flash memory. The implementation is done directly over the flash translation layer (FTL); hence, no modifications to existing application systems are needed. We demonstrate that when index structures are adopted over flash memory, the proposed methodology can significantly improve the system performance and, at the same time, reduce both the overhead of flash-memory management and the energy dissipation. The average response time of record insertions and deletions was also significantly reduced.
G100051 Semi-Active Vibration Control using MR Elastomers (2011)

Magneto-rheological materials are a class of smart materials whose rheological or viscoelastic properties can be varied by applying external magnetic field. MR elastomers (MRE) are the solid analogues of MRF and are expected to overcome the disadvantages of the fluid such as the particle deposition and the sealing problems. When such MRE are exposed to external magnetic field, their apparent elastic modulus is changed depending on the magnitude of the field. In this paper, the stiffness controllable elastomer composites known as MRE are first fabricated and their field-dependent static and dynamic properties are tested. The MRE is then applied to the vibration isolating mounts along with variable stiffness control scheme. Experimental investigations show that the vibration of the one-degree of freedom structure that is exposed to base excitation can be effectively reduced according to the semi-active on/off switching control algorithms.
Enantioselective Synthesis of α-Tertiary Hydroxyaldehydes by Palladium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation of Enolates (2006)

Chiral α-tertiary hydroxyaldehydes are very versatile building blocks in synthetic chemistry. Herein, we report the first examples of a catalytic asymmetric protocol for the synthesis of such compounds from readily available α-halo or α-hydroxy ketones or enol silyl ethers with excellent yields and enantioselectivity. Its synthetic utility is demonstrated in the short, efficient formal synthesis of (S)-oxybutynin. In this process, the chiral ligand controls the regioselectivity as well as the enantioselectivity.
In-process monitoring in laser grooving with line-shaped femtosecond pulses using optical coherence tomography (2022)

A line-shaped beam is useful for increasing the processing speed in laser grooving and scribing. In laser grooving, depth control of the processed structure is important for performing precise processing. In this paper, in-process monitoring of the depth of a structure formed by femtosecond laser processing with a line-shaped beam using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) was demonstrated. In the evaluation of the SS-OCT system, the depth resolution, measurement accuracy, and axial measurable range were 15.8 μm, ±2.5 μm and 5.3 mm, respectively. In laser grooving, the structural shape and the distribution of deposited debris were successfully monitored. The measured depth agreed well with the depth obtained using a laser confocal microscope. The proposed method will be effective for precise laser processing with feedback control of the laser parameters based on in-process monitoring of the processed structure.
Fluorinated triazole-containing sphingosine analogues. Syntheses andin vitroevaluation as SPHK inhibitors (2018)

Sphingosine analogues with a rigid triazole moiety in the aliphatic chain and systematic modifications in the polar head and different degrees of fluorination at the terminus of the alkylic chain were synthesized from a common alkynyl aziridine key synthon. This key synthon was obtained by enantioselective organocatalyzed aziridination and it was subsequently ring opened in a regioselective manner in acidic medium. Up to 16 sphingosine analogues were prepared in a straightforward manner. The in vitro activity of the obtained products as SPHK1 and SPHK2 inhibitors was evaluated, displaying comparable activity to that of DMS.
Screening of mediterranean Rosaceae plants for their molluscicidal and piscicidal activities (2000)

Extracts of increasing polarity of 13 plants belonging to Mediterranean Rosaceae were tested for possible lethal toxicity against Biomphalaria glabrata Say, a snail intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni Sambon. Due to the search for compounds without toxicity in nontarget organisms, principally fish and humans, the piscicidal toxicity of the active extracts was also evaluated. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multiscale Scheduling: Integrating Competitive and Cooperative Scheduling in Theory and in Practice (2018)

A chief characteristic of next-generation computing systems is the prevalence of parallelism at multiple levels of granularity. From the instruction level to the chip level to server level to the grid level, parallelism is the dominant method of improving performance relative to cost. While the characteristics of the fabric such as the granularity or the interconnect differ at each level, the common theme is parallel computing. Building applications that take full advantage of parallelism remains a significant challenge, even when exclusive access to the computing fabric is assumed.
COMPARATIVE DEMODULATION RESULTS FOR SIX-PORT AND CONVENTIONAL 60 GHZ DIRECT CONVERSION RECEIVERS (2008)

Two 60 GHz homodyne receivers dedicated for high-speed short-range communication systems are presented. The receivers are based on six-port and conventional (anti-parallel diodes) mixers, respectively. Comparative bit error rate results, function of local oscillator power, phase, and frequency shift over the operating bandwidth, are presented and discussed.
High speed nozzle flowmeter using miniaturized laser-Doppler techniques (1995)

The application of modern optical techniques to meter calibration and real time measurement of large flowrates is outlined. The basic system consists of a converging device (nozzle) and a miniaturized laser Doppler system integrated inside the wall of a short duct section. Optical access to the flow by means of glass windows is not required anymore. This progress has been made possible by a new technique using two separated semiconductor lasers and signal demodulation. The flowmeter is designed for on-line measurement of flowrates up to 6000 m{sup 3}/h with an uncertainty of 1,2%...0,3%. This is due to the fact that the centre line velocity at the nozzle exit in the set-up is an excellent measure of the flowrate. For increasing accuracy an additional reference sensor to measure the whole boundary profile while leaving the sensor fixed can be installed optionally. The optical flowmeter can also be adapted to the well established use of orifice plates, but with the disadvantage of increased acquisition time.
Enhanced π-π interactions between a C60 fullerene and a buckle bend on a double-walled carbon nanotube (2010)

In situ low-voltage aberration corrected transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations of the dynamic entrapment of a C60 molecule in the saddle of a bent double-walled carbon nanotube is presented. The fullerene interaction is non-covalent, suggesting that enhanced π-π interactions (van der Waals forces) are responsible. Classical molecular dynamics calculations confirm that the increased interaction area associated with a buckle is sufficient to trap a fullerene. Moreover, they show hopping behavior in agreement with our experimental observations. Our findings further our understanding of carbon nanostructure interactions, which are important in the rapidly developing field of low-voltage aberration corrected TEM and nano-carbon device fabrication.
Synthesis and Characterization of Hydrazinium Azide Hydrazinate (2001)

Hydrazinium azide hydrazinate, [N2H5]+[N3]−ċN2H4 was synthesized from equimolar amounts of hydrazinium azide and hydrazine and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction: monoclinic, P 21/c, a=6.3704(2), b=12.1111(4), c=6.9940(2) Å, β=91.8666(2) °, V=539.32(3) Å3, Z=4, ρ=1.320 g cm−1. The compound is less hygroscopic and less volatile than hydrazinium azide. Explosion of [N2H5]+[N3]−ċN2H4 yielded dinitrogen (N2), ammonia (NH3) and dihydrogen (H2). Compared to hydrazinium azide, the hydrazine adduct produces larger amounts of ammonia in the explosion.
Does Pediatric Orthopedic Subspecialization Affect Hospital Utilization and Charges? (1999)

In the current climate of health care reform, there is a perception that overspecialization is responsible for increased medical costs. Few studies support the premise that high-quality surgical subspecialization improves the cost effectiveness of care. The purpose of this study was to compare hospital utilization and charges between a pediatric hospital staffed by pediatric orthopedic subspecialists and a community hospital system for the care of closed femur fractures and slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) in a pediatric population. We reviewed hospital charges and length-of-stay (LOS) data for all children treated for closed femoral shaft fractures and SCFE between 1992 and 1994 within the Intermountain Health Care System (IHC). Within the IHC, there are 23 community hospitals and one children's hospital (PCMC). Patients were matched for age and injury severity. Four of six orthopedic surgeons at PCMC are pediatric orthopedists, but none of the community orthopedists has subspecialty training in pediatric orthopedics. For closed femoral shaft fractures (n = 334), the average hospital charges were less (PCMC, $4,943/Other IHC, $9,031), and length of stay was shorter (PCMC, 2.81 days/Other IHC, 8.91 days) when the child was treated at the children's hospital by pediatric orthopedic subspecialists. For SCFE (n = 63), the average hospital charges were less (PCMC, $2,824/Other IHC, $3,544) and the length of stay was shorter (PCMC, 1.13 days/Other IHC, 1.64 days) at the children's hospital. These data suggest that hospital utilization and charges were significantly decreased if the care was provided by pediatric orthopedic subspecialists in a children's hospital.
Combined magnetic resonance imaging– and positron emission tomography–guided stereotactic biopsy in brainstem mass lesions: diagnostic yield in a series of 30 patients (2000)

In the management of brainstem lesions, the place of stereotactic biopsy sampling remains debatable. The authors compared the results of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, positron emission tomography (PET), and histological findings obtained in 30 patients who underwent an MR image– and PET-guided stereotactic biopsy procedure for a brainstem mass lesion. Between July 1991 and December 1998, 30 patients harboring a brainstem mass lesion underwent a stereotactic procedure in which combined MR imaging and PET guidance was used. Positron emission tomography scanning was performed using [ 18 F]-fluorodeoxyglucose in 16 patients, methionine in two patients, and with both tracers in 12 patients. Definite diagnosis was established on histological examination of the biopsy samples. Interpretation of MR imaging findings only or PET findings only were in agreement with the histological diagnosis in 63% and 73% of cases, respectively. Magnetic resonance imaging and PET findings were concordant in 19 of the 30 cases; in those cases, imaging data correlated with histological findings in 79%. In seven patients who underwent one PET-defined and one MR imaging–defined trajectory, at histological examination the PET-guided samples were more representative of the tumor's nature and grade than the MR imaging–guided samples in four cases (57%). In 18 patients PET scanning was used to define a biopsy target and provided a diagnostic yield in 100% of the cases. Although the use of combined PET and MR imaging improves radiological interpretation of a mass lesion in the brainstem, it does not accurately replace histological diagnosis that is provided by a stereotactically obtained biopsy sample. Combined information provided by MR imaging and PET in stereotactic conditions improves the accuracy of targeting and the diagnostic yield of the stereotactically biopsy sample; an MR imaging– and PET-guided stereotactic biopsy procedure is a safe and efficient modality for the management of mass lesions of the brainstem.
ChemInform Abstract: SUBSTITUIERTE PYRIMIDINE 1. MITT. N(4)‐SUBSTITUIERTE 1,3‐DIALKYLCYTOSINE (1973)

Abstract 2‐Thiouracil (I) kann mit Dimethylsulfat zu (IIa) methyliert und nach Schwefelung zu (IIb) sauer zu (III) verseift werden, das nach erneuter Methylierung mit Methyliodid über (IV) mit Aminen (V) zu den Cytosinderivaten (VIa) un (VIb) führt.
Adeno-associated viral vectors for the treatment of hemophilia (2015)

Gene transfer studies for the treatment of hemophilia began more than two decades ago. A large body of pre-clinical work evaluated a variety of vectors and target tissues, but by the start of the new millennium it became evident that adeno-associated viral (AAV)-mediated gene transfer to the liver held great promise as a therapeutic tool. The transition to the clinical arena uncovered a number of unforeseen challenges, mainly in the form of a human-specific immune response against the vector that poses a significant limitation in the application of this technology. While the full nature of this response has not been elucidated, long-term expression of therapeutic levels of factor IX is already a reality for a small number of patients. Extending this success to a greater number of hemophilia B patients remains a major goal of the field, as well as translating this strategy to clinical therapy for hemophilia A. This review summarizes the progress of AAV-mediated gene therapy for the hemophilias, along with its upcoming prospects and challenges.
Comparative Healing of Human Cutaneous Surgical Incisions Created by the PEAK PlasmaBlade, Conventional Electrosurgery, and a Standard Scalpel (2011)

Therapeutic, II.(Figure is included in full-text article.).
The Ras guanine nucleotide exchange factor RasGRF1 promotes matrix metalloproteinase-3 production in rheumatoid arthritis synovial tissue (2009)

Enhanced expression and post-translational modification of RasGRF1 contributes to MMP-3 production in RA synovial tissue and the semi-transformed phenotype of RA FLS.
The Effects of Applied Stress and Strain on the Stress Corrosion Cracking of Low Alloy Steels in 288&deg;C High Temperature Oxygenated Water (1983)

The effects of applied stress and strain on the transgranular stress corrosion cracking (TGSCC) susceptibility of low alloy steels have been studied by means of uniaxial constant load tensile test (UCL) and slow strain rate tensile test (SSRT) in 288°C water containing 8ppm dissolved oxygen. The results obtained are summarized as follows:1) TGSCC can initiate above about 2 Sm of applied stress level, but it is hard to initiate below the stress level of 2 Sm.2) In SSRT test, the TGSCC susceptibility decreases with increasing pre-exposure time in 288°C water prior to loading.3) In SSRT test, the TGSCC susceptibility becomes more higher at strain rate of 1.4×10-6/s than others.4) No significant difference in the TGSCC susceptibility of A 508 Cl. 2, Cl. 3 and A 533 Gr. B steels are found in this study.5) The surface finishing such as grinding, machining and paper finishing have no detrimental effect to the TGSCC susceptibility.
The amorphous nature of C60 hard carbon manifested in its specific heat, sound velocity and heat conduction (2002)

Detailed measurements of the specific heat, thermal conductivity and relative variation of the sound velocity in the temperature range 2–280 K for hard fullerene-based carbon are reported. The novel material was obtained from pressure–temperature treatment of C60 fullerene and is known for a unique combination of its diamond-like hardness and high electrical conductivity. The substance was found to possess an unconventional, close-to-linear temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity over almost the entire temperature range. The specific heat of hard carbon exhibited a very large linear contribution to the specific heat at low temperatures, but no excess contribution to Cp/T 3, and a deviation from the Debye dependence above 6 K. The sound velocity decreased linearly from 4 up to 120 K. These results are consistent with the concept of a glassy solid formed by polymerized and partially transformed fullerene clusters.