gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lifshitz-Like Behaviour in Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals (1984)

Abstract In order to explain the anomalous behaviour of the critical magnetic field and the helical pitch in the vicinity of the Λ-line and the Lifshitz point in the ferroelectric liquid crystal DOBAMBC a model involving not only chiral but also non-chiral biquadratic coupling between the polarization and the tilt has been proposed. The model predicts an “S - like” dependence of the modulation wave vector close to the smectic C* - smectic A transition. High temperature resolution measurements of the helical pitch and the intensity of the diffraction sattelites indeed support the proposed model and seem to show that the pitch is finite at Tc. In such a case the Lifshitz field HL is finite too.
On Process Recognition by Logical Inference. (2011)

The ability to recognize and to understand processes allows a robot operating in a dynamic environment to rationally respond to dynamic changes. In this paper we demonstrate how a mobile robot can recognize storage processes in a warehouse environment, solely using perception data and an abstract specification of the processes. We specify processes symbolically in linear temporal logic (LTL) and pose process recognition as a model verification problem. The key feature of our logic based approach is its ability to infer missing pieces of information by logic-based reasoning. The evaluation demonstrates that this approach is able to reconstruct histories of good movements in a lab-simulated warehouse.
Aspergillus carbonarius-derived ochratoxins are inhibited by Amazonian Bacillus spp. used as a biocontrol agent in grapes (2021)

<i>Bacillus</i> spp. have been used as a biocontrol strategy to eliminate/reduce toxic fungicides in viticulture. Furthermore, the presence of fungi that are resistant to commonly used products is frequent, highlighting the need for new biocontrol strains. <i>Aspergillus carbonarius</i> can produce ochratoxins, including ochratoxin A (OTA), which has a regulatory maximum allowable limit for grape products. The purpose of this study was to assess the ability of four Amazonian strains of <i>Bacillus</i> (P1, P7, P11, and P45) to biocontrol <i>A. carbonarius</i> and various forms of ochratoxins in grapes. Berries treated with strain P1 presented no fungal colonies (100% reduction), while P7, P11 and P45 strains caused a reduction of 95, 95 and 61% on fungal counts, respectively. Six forms of ochratoxin were found in the grapes inoculated with <i>A. carbonarius</i>, including ochratoxin α, ochratoxin β, ochratoxin α methyl-ester, ochratoxin α amide, N-formyl-ochratoxin α amide, and OTA. Four of these ochratoxin forms (ochratoxin β, ochratoxin α methyl-ester, ochratoxin α amide, N-formyl-ochratoxin α amide) are reported for the first time in grapes. These ochratoxins were identified using liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QToF-MS). All <i>Bacillus</i> strains inhibited the synthesis of OTA, which is the most toxic form of ochratoxin. No ochratoxin form was found when P1 and P7 were used. Although some forms of ochratoxin were detected in grapes treated with <i>Bacillus</i> spp. P11 and P45, the levels decreased by 97%. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the inhibition of <i>Aspergillus carbonarius</i>-derived ochratoxin by <i>Bacillus</i> species. P1 strain, identified as <i>Bacillus velezensis</i>, was found to be the most promising for completely inhibiting fungal growth and production of all ochratoxins.
An integrated approach to system design, reliability, and diagnosis (1990)

The requirement for ultradependability of computer systems in future avionics and space applications necessitates a top-down, integrated systems engineering approach for design, implementation, testing, and operation. The functional analyses of hardware and software systems must be combined by models that are flexible enough to represent their interactions and behavior. The information contained in these models must be accessible throughout all phases of the system life cycle in order to maintain consistency and accuracy in design and operational decisions. One approach being taken by researchers at Ames Research Center is the creation of an object-oriented environment that integrates information about system components required in the reliability evaluation with behavioral information useful for diagnostic algorithms. Procedures have been developed at Ames that perform reliability evaluations during design and failure diagnoses during system operation. These procedures utilize information from a central source, structured as object-oriented fault trees. Fault trees were selected because they are a flexible model widely used in aerospace applications and because they give a concise, structured representation of system behavior. The utility of this integrated environment for aerospace applications in light of our experiences during its development and use is described. The techniques for reliability evaluation and failure diagnosis are discussed, and current extensions of the environment and areas requiring further development are summarized.
In vitro thrombolytic activity of Dhamasa (Fagonia arabica Linn.), Kushta (Saussurea lappa Decne.), and Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia Thunb.) (2015)

Herbal extracts possess thrombolytic properties and lyse blood clots <i>in vitro</i>.
A Benchmark for Systematic Generalization in Grounded Language Understanding (2020)

Humans easily interpret expressions that describe unfamiliar situations composed from familiar parts ("greet the pink brontosaurus by the ferris wheel"). Modern neural networks, by contrast, struggle to interpret novel compositions. In this paper, we introduce a new benchmark, gSCAN, for evaluating compositional generalization in situated language understanding. Going beyond a related benchmark that focused on syntactic aspects of generalization, gSCAN defines a language grounded in the states of a grid world, facilitating novel evaluations of acquiring linguistically motivated rules. For example, agents must understand how adjectives such as 'small' are interpreted relative to the current world state or how adverbs such as 'cautiously' combine with new verbs. We test a strong multi-modal baseline model and a state-of-the-art compositional method finding that, in most cases, they fail dramatically when generalization requires systematic compositional rules.
Ketogenic diet (KD) promotes inflammation in the liver while preventing it in epididymal white adipose tissue. (2015)

&lt;p&gt;Expression level of inflammatory markers and macrophage recruitment are A) enhanced in the liver of KD-fed mice, while B) reduced in white adipose tissue. Data are presented as means ± SEM. * P&lt;0.05 (n = 6 mice per group).&lt;/p&gt;
Double Ring-Closing Approach for the Synthesis of 2,3,6,7-Substituted Anthracene Derivatives (2020)

Anthracene derivatives have been used for a wide range of applications and many different synthetic methods for their preparation have been developed. However, despite continued synthetic efforts, introducing substituents in some positions has remained difficult. Here we present a method for the synthesis of 2,3,6,7-substituted anthracene derivatives, one of the most challenging anthracene substitution patterns to obtain. The method is exemplified by the preparation of 2,3,6,7-anthracenetetracarbonitrile and employs a newly developed, stable protected 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarbaldehyde as the precursor. The precursor can be obtained in two scalable synthetic steps from 2,5-dibromoterephthalaldehyde and is converted into the anthracene derivative by a double intermolecular Wittig reaction under very mild conditions followed by a deprotection and intramolecular double ring-closing condensation reaction. Further modification of the precursor is expected to enable the introduction of additional substituents in other positions and may even enable the synthesis of fully substituted anthracene derivatives by the presented approach.&lt;br&gt;
An Empirical Study on the Migration to OpenOffice.org in a Public Administration (2009)

The aim of the article is to report the results of a migration to Open Source Software (OSS) in one public administration. The migration focuses on the office automation field and, in particular, on the OpenOffice.org suite. We have analysed the transition to OSS considering qualitative and quantitative data collected with the aid of different tools. All the data have been always considered from the point of view of the different stakeholders involved, IT managers, IT technicians, and users. The results of the project have been largely satisfactory. However the results cannot be generalised due to some constraints, like the environment considered and the parallel use of the old solution. Nevertheless, we think that the data collected can be of valuable aid to managers wishing to evaluate a possible transition to OSS.
On the segmentation of 3D LIDAR point clouds (2011)

This paper presents a set of segmentation methods for various types of 3D point clouds. Segmentation of dense 3D data (e.g. Riegl scans) is optimised via a simple yet efficient voxelisation of the space. Prior ground extraction is empirically shown to significantly improve segmentation performance. Segmentation of sparse 3D data (e.g. Velodyne scans) is addressed using ground models of non-constant resolution either providing a continuous probabilistic surface or a terrain mesh built from the structure of a range image, both representations providing close to real-time performance. All the algorithms are tested on several hand labeled data sets using two novel metrics for segmentation evaluation.
In-process generation of water ice particles for cutting and cleaning purposes (2010)

One of the disadvantages of pure water jet cutting or ablation is the relatively limited erosive capacity resp. cutting depth in harder materials (metals, ceramics, tougher plastics and so forth). The usual way to handle this is to add abrasive sand to the jet, resulting in a highly increased cutting performance. However, abrasives are not always desirable, f. e. when contamination with dusts has to be avoided. In addition, the abrasive particles only reach approximately 60% of the water jet's velocity due to friction and a limited acceleration process. In order to address these issues, the authors have designed a process implementing ice particles as abrasive material. In order to achieve higher velocities using lower pressure levels, the process is based on an in-situ phase shift of the water jet immediately after having left the nozzle, which is obtained by precooling the water at 200 MPa down to -20 °C by means of a high pressure thermal exchanger. The following text describes the current state-of-the-art, the proposed experimental setup, some preliminary performance analyses and prospects of further research.
60Co gamma-irradiation-induced defects in n-GaN (2002)

Transient capacitance measurements of Schottky diodes fabricated on nominally undoped n-type GaN exposed to 60Co gamma irradiation indicate the introduction of two defect levels with thermal activation energies of 89±6 and 132±11 meV. While the emission characteristics of these defects manifest significant broadening, their parameters are consistent with reported electron-irradiation-induced nitrogen-vacancy related centers. Three deep-level defects present before irradiation exposure with activation energies of 265, 355, and 581 meV were found to remain unaffected for cumulative gamma-ray doses up to 21 Mrad(Si).
Multidisciplinary treatment of advanced squamous carcinoma of the head and neck. (1985)

Advanced squamous carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract continues to be a therapeutic challenge. With recent advances in chemotherapy, systemic treatment has been used in an attempt to improve treatment results produced by radiation therapy and/or surgery. Such multidisciplinary experimental approaches have given new hope for cure in stage III and stage IV disease, but have reopened old questions as to the natural history and underlying biology of this disease. Multidisciplinary treatment, whether synchronous or sequential, appears to improve survival for stage III and stage IV patients achieving a complete response to chemotherapy plus irradiation. The role of surgery or radiotherapy for control of primary or nodal disease remains unchanged and is an essential component of all curative treatment plans.
Aviation Weather Surveillance Systems: Advanced Radar and Surface Sensors for Flight Safety and Air Traffic Management (1999)

This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the science, sensors, and systems that form modern aviation weather surveillance systems. Focusing on radar-based surveillance, it presents logical, incremental detail on the fundamentals of the various disciplines involved and their complex interplay. This includes giving a background to aviation systems and control, atmospheric and meteorological aspects, weather issues in relation to aviation, and broad coverage of modern aviation weather surveillance and information systems, including detailed material on Doppler weather radar, plus new generation atmospheric sensors.Aviation Weather Surveillance Systems is an excellent resource for civil and military aviation professionals; electronic engineers, especially those working in radar; meteorologists; pilots; and flight crews.
Switch to Anaerobic Glucose Metabolism with NADH Accumulation in the β-Cell Model of Mitochondrial Diabetes (2002)

To elucidate the mechanism underlying diabetes caused by mitochondrial gene mutations, we created a model by applying 0.4 microg/ml ethidium bromide (EtBr) to the murine pancreatic beta cell line betaHC9; in this model, transcription of mitochondrial DNA, but not that of nuclear DNA, was suppressed in association with impairment of glucose-stimulated insulin release (Hayakawa, T., Noda, M., Yasuda, K., Yorifuji, H., Taniguchi, S., Miwa, I., Sakura, H., Terauchi, Y., Hayashi, J.-I., Sharp, G. W. G., Kanazawa, Y., Akanuma, Y., Yazaki, Y., and Kadowaki, T. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273, 20300-20307). To elucidate fully the metabolism-secretion coupling in these cells, we measured glucose oxidation, utilization, and lactate production. We also evaluated NADH autofluorescence in betaHC9 cells using two-photon excitation laser microscopy. In addition, we recorded the membrane potential and determined the ATP and ADP contents of the cells. The results indicated 22.2 mm glucose oxidation to be severely decreased by EtBr treatment compared with control cells (by 63% on day 4 and by 78% on day 6; both p < 0.01). By contrast, glucose utilization was only marginally decreased. Lactate production under 22.2 mm glucose was increased by 2.9- and 3.5-fold by EtBr treatment on days 4 and 6, respectively (both p < 0.01). Cellular NADH at 2.8 mm glucose was increased by 35 and 43% by EtBr on days 4 and 6 (both p < 0.01). These data suggest that reduced expression of the mitochondrial electron transport system causes NADH accumulation in beta cells, thereby halting the tricarboxylic acid cycle on one hand, and on the other hand facilitating anaerobic glucose metabolism. Glucose-induced insulin secretion was lost rapidly along with the EtBr treatment with concomitant losses of membrane potential depolarization and the [Ca(2+)](i) increase, whereas glibenclamide-induced changes persisted. This is the first report to demonstrate the connection between metabolic alteration of electron transport system and that of tricarboxylic acid cycle and its impact on insulin secretion.
Studies on the Subcellular Localization of Corticotrophin Releasing Factor (CRF) and Vasopressin in the Median Eminence of the Rat1 (1970)

Rat median eminence homogenates were fractionated by differential and density gradient centrifugations. The CRF activity was assayed in pentobarbital-chlorpromazine pretreated rats. The peptide character of the CRF activity in the rat ME was apparent from its complete destruction by the proteolytic enzyme pronase. Furthermore, the CRF activity was partially destroyed by treatment with thioglycollate. The crude mitochondrial fraction (10,000×20 gmin) was separated into 5 subfractions (P1–P5) on a discontinuous gradient ranging from 1.0 to 1.5M sucrose. From the 10,000×20 gmin supernatant 3 subfractions (M1–M3) were obtained after centrifugation on a similar type of gradient. Electron microscopic examination revealed the presence of synaptosomes in the subfractions P2 to P5. Small membrane fragments and different types of granules were mainly concentrated in the subfractions Ml, M2 and M3. About half of the total CRF activity was associated with the subfractions containing the synaptosomes and part of the remaining CRF activity was concentrated in granule-rich subfractions. Furthermore, the subcellular distribution pattern of CRF activity did not correlate with that of pressor activity, particularly in the synaptosome-containing subfractions. After hypotonic treatment of the crude mitochondrial fraction, containing the synaptosomes, a granule-rich fraction was obtained that had a rather high CRF activity and sedimented at 150,000×60 gmin. In conclusion, the present results suggest that the major part of both CRF and vasopressin is localized in nerve endings and stored in granules within these endings. However, the different localization patterns in the subfractions containing the synaptosomes may indicate that production, transport and release of CRF and vasopressin take place in separate neurones within the hypothalamus. (Endocrinology87: 61, 1970)
Tumor-Associated Macrophages Suppress the Cytotoxic Activity of Antimitotic Agents (2017)

Antimitotic agents, including Taxol, disrupt microtubule dynamics and cause a protracted mitotic arrest and subsequent cell death. Despite the broad utility of these drugs in breast cancer and other tumor types, clinical response remains variable. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) suppress the duration of Taxol-induced mitotic arrest in breast cancer cells and promote earlier mitotic slippage. This correlates with a decrease in the phosphorylated form of histone H2AX (γH2AX), decreased p53 activation, and reduced cancer cell death in interphase. TAMs promote cancer cell viability following mitotic slippage in a manner sensitive to MAPK/ERK kinase (MEK) inhibition. Acute depletion of major histocompatibility complex class II low (MHCII<sup>lo</sup>) TAMs increased Taxol-induced DNA damage and apoptosis in cancer cells, leading to greater efficacy in intervention trials. MEK inhibition blocked the protective capacity of TAMs and phenocopied the effects of TAM depletion on Taxol treatment. TAMs suppress the cytotoxic effects of Taxol, in part through cell non-autonomous modulation of mitotic arrest in cancer cells, and targeting TAM-cancer cell interactions potentiates Taxol efficacy.
Making use of NXt to nothing (2020)

Numerous machine learning classifiers have been proposed for binary classification of domain names as either benign or malicious, and even for multiclass classification to identify the domain generation algorithm (DGA) that generated a specific domain name. Both classification tasks have to deal with the class imbalance problem of strongly varying amounts of training samples per DGA. Currently, it is unclear whether the inclusion of DGAs for which only a few samples are known to the training sets is beneficial or harmful to the overall performance of the classifiers. In this paper, we perform a comprehensive analysis of various contextless DGA classifiers, which reveals the high value of a few training samples per class for both classification tasks. We demonstrate that the classifiers are able to detect various DGAs with high probability by including the underrepresented classes which were previously hardly recognizable. Simultaneously, we show that the classifiers' detection capabilities of well represented classes do not decrease.
[Treatment of antibody-mediated encephalomyelitis : Strategies for the treatment of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease]. (2021)

Treatment of antibody-mediated encephalomyelitis differs from treatment of multiple sclerosis and requires specific measures.
<title>SPEEDIE: a profile simulator for etching and deposition</title> (1991)

SPEEDIE is a new physically based profile simulator for dry etching and LPCVD. It calculates angular and energy distributions of ions and fast neutrals using a Monte Carlo (MC) simulator for ion sheath transport. Fluxes at each point on the profile can be calculated using either MC or analytical methods which consider 3-D transport by molecular flow surface diffusion and adsorption/re-emission. Etch rates are determined using a choice of etch models while LPCVD uses a sticking coefficient model. A modified string algorithm which allows simultaneous etching and deposition is used to move the surface. Examples which match experiments are given for sloped oxide etching and oxide filling of trenches and vias.
The Economic Effects of Government Expenditures (1982)

This paper discusses conceptual problems of distinguishing "expenditure" policy from "tax" policy and "deficit" policy. The paper argues that each of these concepts is ill-defined and does not provide a useful basis for examining the government" underlying fiscal policies. The fundamentals of fiscal policy involve changes in marginal incentives, inframarginal intra- and intergenerational redistribution, and direct government consumption. The paper reviews some of the effects of these fundamental policy choices on economic growth.
Supplementary figure 3: Cytokines and Chemokines from Concurrent Definitive Immunoradiotherapy for Patients with Stage III–IV Head and Neck Cancer and Cisplatin Contraindication (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Cytokines and Chemokines&lt;/p&gt;
Practice Parameters for the Use of Laser-Assisted Uvulopalatoplasty: An Update for 2000 PRACTICE PARAMETERS (2001)

Summary: Laser-assisted uvulopalatoplasty (LAUP) is an outpatient surgical procedure which is in use as a treatment for snoring. LAUP also has been used as a treatment for sleep-related breathing disorders, including obstructive sleep apnea. The Standards of Practice Committee of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine reviewed the available literature, and developed these practice parameters as a guide to the appropriate use of this surgery. Adequate controlled studies on the LAUP procedure for sleep-related breathing disorders were not found in peer-reviewed journals. This is consistent with findings in the original practice parameters on LAUP published in 1994. The following recommendations are based on the review of the literature: LAUP is not recommended for treatment of sleep-related breathing disorders. However, it does appear to be comparable to uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) for treatment of snoring. Individuals who are candidates for LAUP as a treatment for snoring should undergo a polysomnographic or cardiorespiratory evaluation for sleeprelated breathing disorders prior to LAUP and periodic postoperative evaluations for the development of same. Patients should be informed of the best available information of the risks, benefits, and complications of the procedure.