gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Determination of Fatty Acid Levels in Erythrocyte Membranes of Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (2003)

Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is an illness characterized by persistent and relapsing fatigue, often accompanied by numerous symptoms involving various systems of whole body. The etiology of CFS remains unclear. Literature reported whether the concentrations of the essential fatty acids in red cell membranes of CFS patients were decreased is controversial. In our study, Forty-two patients who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria defined by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Thirty-seven age- and sex-matched controls were selected from healthy medical staffs and volunteers. After lipid analysis, we found that the levels of the arachidonic acid (ARA) and docosahexanoic acid (DHA) were decreased in patients suffered from CFS. However, the levels of the palmitic acid and oleic acid were increased. We speculated that there are two possible mechanisms--one of which is that oxidative stress has led to an excessive oxidation and resulting in the above fatty acids. Alternatively, insufficiency of ingestion of fatty acids might not be the major cause.
THE CRITICAL ROLE OF THE HISTONE MODIFICATION ENZYME SETDB2 IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME (2023)

Introduction: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe hypoxemic respiratory failure with a high in-hospital mortality. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying ARDS remain unclear. Recent findings have indicated that the onset of severe inflammatory diseases, such as sepsis, is regulated by epigenetic changes. We investigated the role of epigenetic changes in ARDS pathogenesis using mouse models and human samples. Methods: Acute respiratory distress syndrome was induced in a mouse model (C57BL/6 mice, myeloid cell or vascular endothelial cell [VEC]-specific SET domain bifurcated 2 [Setdb2]-deficient mice [Setdb2 ff Lyz2 Cre+ or Setdb2 ff Tie2 Cre+ ], and Cre - littermates) by intratracheal administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Analyses were performed at 6 and 72 h after LPS administration. Sera and lung autopsy specimens from ARDS patients were examined. Results: In the murine ARDS model, we observed high expression of the histone modification enzyme SET domain bifurcated 2 ( Setdb2 ) in the lungs. In situ hybridization examination of the lungs revealed Setdb2 expression in macrophages and VECs. The histological score and albumin level of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were significantly increased in Setdb2 ff Tie2 Cre+ mice following LPS administration compared with Setdb2 ff Tie2 Cre- mice, whereas there was no significant difference between the control and Setdb2 ff Lyz2 Cre+ mice. Apoptosis of VECs was enhanced in Setdb2 ff Tie2 Cre+ mice. Among the 84 apoptosis-related genes, the expression of TNF receptor superfamily member 10b ( Tnfrsf10b ) was significantly higher in Setdb2 ff Tie2 Cre+ mice than in control mice. Acute respiratory distress syndrome patients' serum showed higher SETDB2 levels than those of healthy volunteers. SETDB2 levels were negatively correlated with the partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood/fraction of inspiratory oxygen concentration ratio. Conclusion: Acute respiratory distress syndrome elevates Setdb2 , apoptosis of VECs, and vascular permeability. Elevation of histone methyltransferase Setdb2 suggests the possibility to histone change and epigenetic modification. Thus, Setdb2 may be a novel therapeutic target for controlling the pathogenesis of ARDS.
The Experimental Study of Atmospheric Stirling Engines Using Pin-Fin Arrays' Heat Exchangers (2008)

This paper reports experimental results on two kinds of atmospheric Stirling engines that were designed and manufactured using a pin-fin array heat exchanger for the heater and cooler (abbreviated to “pin-fin Stirling engine” hereafter). The first one is a large β type pin-fin Stirling engine with a 1.7-liter displacement volume and power piston volume. The heater consists of an aluminum circular disk with a diameter of 270mm and with large-scale pin-fin arrays carved into the surface. The maximum output reached 91W at a temperature difference of 330K, which is 36% of the scheduled value and 68% of the Kolin's cubic power law. The maximum thermal efficiency was estimated 4.2%. The second engine is an α type pin-fin Stirling engine. Glass syringes were used for the piston-cylinder system and the Ross-yoke mechanism was used for the crank mechanism. By changing temperature difference, the characteristic of output torque in the large range was measured with a precision torque detector.
Giemsa C-banding of potato chromosomes (1984)

An air-drying technique was developed that provided well-spread somatic metaphases of the potato Solanum tuberosum. With Giemsa C-banding, the individual chromosomes (x = 12) could be identified. Some bands are different from those in S. phureja. The technique provides a means to investigate structural differences between genomes.Key words: C-banding, chromosomes, potato.
Estimation of Interaural Time Differences Based on Zero-Crossings in Noisy Multisource Environments (2007)

This paper presents a new method for estimating interaural time differences (ITDs) in noisy multisource environments. To estimate ITDs, conventional methods use cross-correlation of left and right instantaneous firing rates of neurons. However, these methods require high computational complexity involved in the computation of cross-correlation. Furthermore, they suffer from inaccuracies in estimating ITDs, especially in noisy multisource environments. In this context, we propose a new method using zero-crossing time differences (ZCTDs) detected from binaural filter-bank outputs in which a distinctive feature is to estimate the signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) of filtered signals using the variances of ITD estimates. As a result, the proposed ZCTD method with SNR estimation is able to provide an accurate estimate of multiple sound source directions and is more robust to noise while offering significantly less computational complexity compared to the conventional cross-correlation based methods
The Renovation of a Building Interior (1993)

The proposed Visual Scheduling and Management System (VSMS) was employed to assist the project manager to schedule and effectively manage the renovation of the interior of a high-rise building.
Piercing the fog of the RNA structure-ome (2021)

Machine learning is poised to transform RNA structure and function discovery
Autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix Saguenay (ARSACS): expanding the genetic, clinical and imaging spectrum (2013)

We here demonstrate that each feature of the classical ARSACS triad (cerebellar ataxia, spasticity and peripheral neuropathy) might be missing in ARSACS. Nevertheless, characteristic MRI features - which also extend to supratentorial regions and involve the cerebral cortex - will help to establish the diagnosis in most cases.
Molecular-beam epitaxial growth and microstructural characterization of GaAs on Si with a buried implanted oxide (1988)

The direct growth of GaAs by molecular-beam epitaxy on nominally (100)-oriented silicon with a buried implanted oxide is demonstrated. Nomarski interference contrast optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Rutherford backscattering techniques have been employed to characterize these layers. The formation of hillocks and a uniform layer of GaAs in the intervening regions between hillocks have been observed. Microtwins and threading dislocations are the predominant defects in these layers. Furthermore, we report the absence of antiphase domain boundaries within the GaAs hillocks.
Volatiles H2O, CO2, and CO in Silicate Melt Inclusions in Quartz Phenocrysts from the Rhyolitic Bandelier Air-Fall and Ash-Flow Tuff, New Mexico (1977)

Silicate melt inclusions in quartz phenocrysts from air-fall and ash-flow tuff were studied from a section of Bandolier Tuff in Sandia Canyon, Jemez Mountains, New Mexico. My aim was to estimate the concentration of some major volatile species (H2O, CO2, and CO) in the magma before explosive eruption. On a microscope heating stage, I determined the melting points of the inclusions and, with an electron microprobe, determined the bulk chemical composition. I estimated total H2O, CO2, and CO by difference on the basis of the microprobe analyses and measured H2O, CO2, and CO separately by quantitative mass spectrometry. I found several textural varieties of modified inclusions that correlate with field occurrence and cooling rate: devitrivication, zoning, and resorption of the host mineral are evidence of slow cooling. The modified inclusions are unsuitable for chemical analysis using the microprobe. Unmodified inclusions in the quartz phenocrysts from air-fall pumice are clear and glassy, and presumably contain the intratelluric assemblage of volatiles. Bulk chemical analysis of these clear glassy inclusions by electron microprobe revealed a rhyolitic composition of the glass consistent with petrography. Electron microprobe analysis by difference techniques were used to determine volatile contents in the glass. Oxide totals range from 2.4 to 7.0 ± 2.5% weight percent volatiles (average 5.4 wt.%). Using the melting point determinations of the inclusions (average 935°C ± 10°C), quantitative monitoring mass spectrometry revealed an average volatile content of the inclusions to be 3.6 ± 0.9 wt.%. The principal volatile species were found to be H2O 91.9%, CO2 2.7%, and CO 4.8% (in percent of total volatiles). Utilizing the temperature-compositional data, I used the melt inclusions as geobarometers, which revealed a depth to chamber of about 5 km that is consistent with geologic estimates.
Use of 1‐octyl‐3‐methylimidazole hexafluorophosphate modified magnetic hyperbranched polyamideamine as sorbent for the extraction of pyrethroid insecticides from tea infusion (2021)

Magnetic hyperbranched polyamideamine was carboxylated using succinic anhydride and modified further with 1-octyl-3-methylimidazole hexafluorophosphate successively. The morphology and chemical composition of the prepared material was characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller measurement, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, etc. 1-Octyl-3-methylimidazole hexafluorophosphate modified magnetic hyperbranched polyamideamine was used as sorbent in the magnetic solid-phase extraction for the separation and enrichment of five pyrethroid insecticides from tea infusion. The magnetic solid-phase extraction method proposed in this article has low method detection limits (0.53-0.71 ng/mL), acceptable coefficient of determination (0.9992-0.9998), wide linear ranges (2.5-500.0 ng/mL), and good repeatability (intraday: 1.2-6.3%; interday: 1.6-5.4%). In the detection of five pyrethroid insecticides in tea infusion, relative recoveries were in the range from 87.7 to 114.7% with satisfactory relative standard deviations (0.2-7.4%). With the aid of quantum chemistry calculations, the interaction energy between the sorbent and five pyrethroid insecticides was calculated, which proved the necessity of the modification of 1-octyl-3-methylimidazole hexafluorophosphate.
Detection and characterization of two co-infection variant strains of avian orthoreovirus (ARV) in young layer chickens using next-generation sequencing (NGS) (2016)

Using next-generation sequencing (NGS) for full genomic characterization studies of the newly emerging avian orthoreovirus (ARV) field strains isolated in Pennsylvania poultry, we identified two co-infection ARV variant strains from one ARV isolate obtained from ARV-affected young layer chickens. The de novo assembly of the ARV reads generated 19 contigs of two different ARV variant strains according to 10 genome segments of each ARV strain. The two variants had the same M2 segment. The complete genomes of each of the two variant strains were 23,493 bp in length, and 10 dsRNA segments ranged from 1192 bp (S4) to 3958 bp (L1), encoding 12 viral proteins. Sequence comparison of nucleotide (nt) and amino acid (aa) sequences of all 10 genome segments revealed 58.1-100% and 51.4-100% aa identity between the two variant strains, and 54.3-89.4% and 49.5-98.1% aa identity between the two variants and classic vaccine strains. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a moderate to significant nt sequence divergence between the two variant and ARV reference strains. These findings have demonstrated the first naturally occurring co-infection of two ARV variants in commercial young layer chickens, providing scientific evidence that multiple ARV strains can be simultaneously present in one host species of chickens.
High speed EUV using post processing and self-aligned double patterning as a speed enhancement technique (2014)

EUV is an ongoing industry challenge to adopt due to its current throughput limitations. The approach to improve throughput has primarily been through a significant focus on source power which has been a continuing challenge for the industry. The subject of this paper is to review and investigate the application of SADP (Self aligned double patterning) as a speed enhancing technique for EUV processing. A process with the potential of running a 16 nm self-aligned final etched pattern in less than 10mJ exposure range is proposed. Many of the current challenges with shot noise and resolution change significantly when SADP is used in conjunction with EUV. In particular, the resolution challenge for a 16nm HP final pattern type image changes to 32nm as an initial pattern requirement for the patterned CD. With this larger CD starting point, the burden of shot noise changes significantly and the ability for higher speed resist formulations to be used is enabled. Further resist candidates that may have not met the resolution requirements for EUV can also be evaluated. This implies a completely different operational set-point for EUV resist chemistry where the relaxation of both LER and CD together combined, give the resist formulation space a new target when EUV is used as a SADP tool. Post processing mitigation of LWR is needed to attain the performance of the final 16nm half pitch target pattern to align with the industry needs. If the original process flow at an 85W projected source power would run in the 50WPH range, then the flow proposed here would run in the &lt;120WPH range. Although it is a double patterning technology, the proposed process still only requires a single pass through the EUV tool, This speed benefit can be used to offset the added costs associated with the double patterning process. This flow can then be shown to be an enabling approach for many EUV applications.
Compact IlI-V/silicon external cavity laser configuration with photonic crystal cavity reflector for direct frequency modulation (2016)

We report a compact uncooled external-cavity mWatt-class laser architecture with a tunable Si Photonic Crystal resonant reflector, suitable for direct Frequency Modulation. Wavelength shifts of the order of GHz for linewidths <;10 MHz and SMSRs up to 46 dB were observed.
PAtt: Physics-based Attestation of Control Systems (2019)

Ensuring the integrity of embedded programmable logic controllers (PLCs) is critical for safe operation of industrial con-trol systems. In particular, a cyber-attack could manipulatecontrol logic running on the PLCs to bring the process ofsafety-critical application into unsafe states. Unfortunately,PLCs are typically not equipped with hardware support thatallows the use of techniques such as remote attestation to ver-ify the integrity of the logic code. In addition, so far remoteattestation is not able to verify the integrity of the physicalprocess controlled by the PLC.In this work, we present PAtt, a system that combines re-mote software attestation with control process validation. PAttleverages operation permutations—subtle changes in the op-eration sequences based on integrity measurements—whichdo not affect the physical process but yield unique traces ofsensor readings during execution. By encoding integrity mea-surements of the PLC’s memory state (software and data) intoits control operation, our system allows to remotely verifythe integrity of the control logic based on the resulting sensortraces. We implement the proposed system on a real PLCcontrolling a robot arm, and demonstrate its feasibility. Ourimplementation enables the detection of attackers that ma-nipulate the PLC logic to change process state and/or reportspoofed sensor readings (with an accuracy of 97% againsttested attacks).
Mechanism of SiNxHy deposition from N2–SiH4 plasma (1990)

The N2 –SiH4 rf glow-discharge plasma has been analyzed by line-of-sight mass spectrometry of species impinging on the deposition electrode (including N atoms), and properties of SiNx Hy films deposited from this plasma have been examined. At high rf power and low SiH4/N2 gas ratio, most of the SiH4 is consumed by reaction of SiHm radicals with N atoms at the film surface and becomes incorporated into the film. No Si–N precursor species are seen in the plasma. This is in contrast to the NH3–SiH4 plasma, where the Si(NH2)3 radical is the key gas-phase precursor. If power is insufficient or SiH4 flow is excessive, disilane is formed in the plasma. Under disilane-free plasma conditions, films slightly N rich with no Si–H bonding and only 11 at. % H (as N–H) can be deposited at high rate (21 nm/min). The film tensile stress characteristic of the NH3 process is absent in the N2 process due to the absence of precursor chemical condensation beneath the growing surface. However, step coverage is much worse in the N2 process due to the much higher sticking coefficients of the reactant radicals. The N2 plasma chemistry is the same using 400 kHz or 13 MHz rf power, but compressive stress and H content are both higher at the lower frequency due to H+ implantation.
An algorithm for checking slicing floorplan based on HPG and its application (2004)

The slicing floorplan has been intensively researched for its naive property to cut-based placement, soft-module packing, designers' intention even after packing and general floorplan representations were proposed. HPG, one easy-to-understand general floorplan representation, was proved to get the optimal solution in a shorter time than other representations. In this paper, we present an algorithm to show another outstanding feature of HPG. By using this algorithm, we can search and find the optimal slicing floorplan easily, which can provide more flexibility for placement and routing tools. Experiments show the effectiveness and promising perspective of our algorithm.
A Step Change in Drill-Bit Technology With Self-Adjusting Polycrystalline-Diamond-Compact Bits (2016)

Summary Since they were first introduced to the market decades ago, polycrystalline-diamond-compact (PDC) bits have undergone numerous technological improvements. One such example is depth-of-cut (DOC)-control technology. Introduced in the early 2000s, this technology emerged as an effective means to mitigate torsional vibrations by managing bit aggressiveness. Today, however, the drilling industry faces the task of drilling diverse sections of the well with a single bit. This is a significant challenge for fixed PDC bits, requiring a compromise that limits vibration mitigation in some sections of the well and/or top-end rate-of-penetration (ROP) performance in other sections. This paper presents an innovative PDC bit that can self-adjust its DOC-control characteristics to the constantly changing drilling environment and mitigate vibrations while delivering improved ROP. The self-adaptation is accomplished through a passive hydromechanical feedback mechanism encapsulated in self-contained cartridges that are installed inside the bit blades. The DOC-control elements mounted on the cartridges respond to the external loads through strategically designed rate-sensitive retraction and extension strokes. During unfavorable dynamic events, the elements engage with the formation and mitigate dysfunctions. During normal steady-state drilling, the elements gradually adjust their exposure to enable fast and efficient drilling. The operating principle of self-adjusting PDC bits is first demonstrated through laboratory drilling tests under confining pressure by use of full-scale prototype bits. The testing was expanded to a research well in the field to assess the ability to self-adapt and mitigate stick/slip vibrations. The field-test facility enables a controlled yet realistic environment with reduced uncertainty that is often not available in the field. The tests compare stick/slip tendencies of bits by building stability maps in weight-on-bit (WOB) and rev/min space by use of downhole measurements under similar operating conditions. Bits with the self-adjusting mechanism led to fewer instances of stick/slip than fixed PDC bits in multiple formation types. Self-adjusting bits significantly expanded the stable operating region and enabled operation at higher ROP. The ability of the DOC-control elements to continuously self-adjust their exposure overcomes several other limitations posed by the fixed nature of traditional DOC control. The technology does not require a fixed predesigned exposure; prevents overengagement because of its ability to retract; and eliminates iterative tuning of DOC control currently in practice. The technology is also anticipated to absorb impacts in interbedded formations and reduce damage from improper starting procedures. With many PDC-bit drilling applications being torque-limited, the technology opens up several possibilities to reduce drilling costs.
Modifier genes in Mendelian disorders: the example of cystic fibrosis (2010)

In the past three decades, scientists have had immense success in identifying genes and their variants that contribute to an array of diseases. While the identification of such genetic variants has informed our knowledge of the etiologic bases of diseases, there continues to be a substantial gap in our understanding of the factors that modify disease severity. Monogenic diseases provide an opportunity to identify modifiers as they have uniform etiology, detailed phenotyping of affected individuals, and familial clustering. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is among the more common life-shortening recessive disorders that displays wide variability in clinical features and survival. Considerable progress has been made in elucidating the contribution of genetic and nongenetic factors to CF. Allelic variation in CFTR, the gene responsible for CF, correlates with some aspects of the disease. However, lung function, neonatal intestinal obstruction, diabetes, and anthropometry display strong genetic control independent of CFTR, and candidate gene studies have revealed genetic modifiers underlying these traits. The application of genome-wide techniques holds great promise for the identification of novel genetic variants responsible for the heritable features and complications of CF. Since the genetic modifiers are known to alter the course of disease, their protein products become immediate targets for therapeutic intervention.
[A gastroenteritis epidemic caused by a Norwalk-like virus after 2 weddings in a restaurant; a plea for integral microbiological investigation]. (2002)

The epidemic was caused by a single NLV strain. No association could be found between the consumption of certain food products and being ill. The NLV epidemic was probably caused through direct or indirect contact between wedding guests and restaurant personnel. In the case of such reports of gastroenteritis epidemics, it is strongly recommended to test faecal, food product and environment samples for both bacteria and viruses, with an emphasis on NLV, to ensure early diagnosis.