gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An evaluation of the applicability of ranking algorithms to improve the effectiveness of full-text retrieval. I. On the effectiveness of full-text retrieval (1988)

It is generally accepted that information retrieval based on full texts of documents will result in higher recall and lower precision compared with retrieval using paragraphs, abstracts, or controlled vocabularies. Part I of the study tested this assumption by examining the effectiveness of full-text retrieval compared with other approaches in terms of recall and precision. Experiments were conducted on a subset of a journal-article collection with nine search questions through the BRS search service. Full-text retrieval was found to achieve significantly higher recall and lower precision than searches by other methods. Part II of the study will focus on how to improve the low precision of full-text retrieval without a decrease or with a minimum decrease in recall. Document-term-weighting algorithms proposed in past research for automatic extractive indexing were examined as a means to improve the low precision of full-text retrieval. © 1988 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Recent Advances in Irreversible Kinase Inhibitors (2014)

Despite concerns of off-target selectivity and cytotoxicity, there has been a resurgence in interest in irreversible kinase inhibitors resulting in more than 60 disclosed patent and patent applications over the past 4 years. Many of these inhibitors possess several key advantages over their reversible counterparts. The patent literature from 2010 to 2013 has been reviewed and novel irreversible kinase inhibitors for Bruton's tyrosine kinase, epidermal growth factor receptor, Janus kinase 3, phosphoinsitide 3 and other kinases are disclosed and discussed. These inhibitors offer novel treatments for mantle cell lymphoma, non-small-cell lung cancer, autoimmune disorders and severe metastatic cancers. A future perspective is presented on the likelihood of clinical success of these agents as well as the potential for new uses of irreversible kinase inhibitors in the future.
[Arthroscopy and arthroscopic surgery of the temporomandibular joint]. (1990)

Diagnostic arthroscopy and arthroscopic surgery of the TMJ has during the recent years been introduced in the treatment of internal derangements, preauricular pain and osteoarthrosis of the TMJ. In closed lock cases and in cases with preauricular pain a satisfactory result of treatment has been described in 80-90% of cases, where there was lacking effect of conservative treatment with splints and physiotherapy. The refinement in the technique has made it possible to use rotating instruments, cauterisation and to perform suturing through the arthroscopic cannula and in this way reduce the need for open joint surgery. Due to the technique only few complications have been reported. In the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in the University Hospital of Aarhus arthroscopy of the TMJ was introduced 1 1/2 year ago and 22 patients with the clinical diagnosis closed lock or preauricular pain or a combination of these has been treated during this period. The results are satisfactory in most cases and are comparable with previously published results.
Hyperthermia during occipito-cervical fusion with acrylic cement (1992)

In 22 patients, 23 posterior occipito-cervical fusions using acrylic cement were studied; 18 had seropositive rheumatoid arthritis and 4 traumatic atlanto-axial instability. The mean age was 60 (39-75) years. During the curing of the cement, epidural temperature measurements were performed over the cerebellum and between the foramen magnum and C1. Temperatures up to 69 degrees C were recorded. Cooling with profuse surface irrigation using normal saline solution or precooled 8 degrees C fluid did not influence the maximal temperatures recorded under the cement. Even though no gross neurological damage was noted, the epidural temperatures in occipito-cervical fusion with acrylic cement can be of sufficient degree to be hazardous; surface irrigation does not seem to be an effective way to reduce this risk.
Tilted-pulse-front pumping for phase matching and synchronization (2009)

In this paper, we give a brief review on different types of applications relying on tilted-pulse-front pumping or angular dispersion. A short overview of the connection between pulse front tilt and angular dispersion is followed by discussing examples of achromatic phase matching in frequency conversion processes, tilted-pulse-front pumping for phasematched high-field THz pulse generation, as well as pumping of short-wavelength x-ray lasers, where tilting the pump pulse front is utilized for synchronization. The connection between pulse front tilt and angular dispersion is also addressed for some of the applications.
In Vitro and In Vivo Effects of Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Against Herpes Simplex Virus Infection (1997)

Although PHMB has potent in vitro activity against HSV, it was not an effective treatment in the in vivo rabbit model of primary HSV keratitis at the concentration commonly used for treatment of Acanthamoeba infection. This suggests that 0.02% PHMB will not provide adequate antiherpetic coverage with treatment of keratitis of undetermined etiology in which the clinical differential diagnosis includes both herpes simplex and Acanthamoeba.
Sensitivity Analysis of Location-Aided Multi-User Scheduling Strategies to Imperfect Location Information (2012)

When the location information is available, this paper presents the PHY strategies which can be applied to improve the performance of a beamforming system and support multiple access with low feedback requirement. Based on a system providing real-time 3D coordinate information of all terminals in the environment, feedback-free and low feedback multi-user schedulers are considered. The location-based schedulers are evaluated with both perfect and imperfect position information and the sensitivity of the system to location errors are measured in terms of both rate and fairness performance based on statistics of commercial GPS receivers.
Batch retort testing of the Cleveland and Sunbury seams of Kentucky oil shale (1985)

Oil shale retorting technology utilizing a circular traveling grate (CTG) retort is discussed. In the process, a static bed of sized solids is transported through various retorting zones. Gas is drawn through the bed of solids at a constant pressure drop and delivers heat directly to the shale, effects interparticle transfer and finally recovers the remaining sensible heat prior to discharge of the spent shale from the retort. In addition to providing the means for heat transfer the gas acts as the transport medium for removing the products of retorting from the shale bed. The data for process design were obtained from retorting the shale in a cylindrical batch or pot retort. This device is essentially a black box simulation of a central core of shale taken from the CTG. During a test the desired retorting conditions are produced. The program performed in support of the Means Oil Shale Project is discussed. The specific shale studied was a representative blend of the Cleveland and Sunbury seams of the Devonian deposits. The parametric retorting studies conducted for process development are presented along with the comparison of shale sizing circuits and production of a bulk raw shale oil sample for hydrotreating testwork.
Multimodal user interface for remote object exploration with sparse sensory data (2003)

This paper describes the design and current state of development of a multimodal user interface enabling exploration of remote environments by means of a teleoperated robot. Human-robot interaction consists of visual and tactile feedback to the user and gesture-based teleoperation of the robot. The user interface includes surface reconstruction of the remote environment integrating data sampled by tactile and proximity sensors, cutaneous perception of distance information through the vibrotactile actuators integrated in a virtual reality glove (the CyberTouch, from Immersion Corp., Inc.), and an optional streaming of video information for bandwidth-rich settings. Preliminary results show that the VR glove enables the operator to drive the exploration of the remote environment in a natural fashion and to react promptly to the sensed information.
Three Dimensionally Ordered Mesoporous Carbon as a Stable, High‐Performance Li–O2 Battery Cathode (2015)

Enabled by the reversible conversion between Li2O2 and O2, Li-O2 batteries promise theoretical gravimetric capacities significantly greater than Li-ion batteries. The poor cycling performance, however, has greatly hindered the development of this technology. At the heart of the problem is the reactivity exhibited by the carbon cathode support under cell operation conditions. One strategy is to conceal the carbon surface from reactive intermediates. Herein, we show that long cyclability can be achieved on three dimensionally ordered mesoporous (3DOm) carbon by growing a thin layer of FeO(x) using atomic layer deposition (ALD). 3DOm carbon distinguishes itself from other carbon materials with well-defined pore structures, providing a unique material to gain insight into processes key to the operations of Li-O2 batteries. When decorated with Pd nanoparticle catalysts, the new cathode exhibits a capacity greater than 6000 mAh g(carbon) (-1) and cyclability of more than 68 cycles.
Scale-rich metabolic networks: background and introduction (2004)

Recent progress has clarified many features of the global architecture of biological metabolic networks, which have highly organized and optimized tolerances and tradeoffs (HOT) for functional requirements of flexibility, efficiency, robustness, and evolvability, with constraints on conservation of energy, redox, and many small moieties. One consequence of this architecture is a highly structured modularity that is self-dissimilar and scale-rich, with extremes in low and high variability, including power laws, in both metabolite and reaction degree distributions. This paper illustrates these features using the well-understood stoichiometry of metabolic networks in bacteria, and a simple model of an abstract metabolism.
Thick-Film Structure Geometry Effect on Carbon Nanotubes Synthesized by Chemical Vapor Deposition (2008)

In chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technology, the mass flow transport behaviors of precursor gases play an important role particularly in thick-film normal triode structures. The depth dimension of dielectric holes in thick-film normal triode structures may range from 10 to 50 µm. The relationship between carbon nanotube (CNT) synthesis and aspect ratio of dielectric holes is investigated in this work. In high-aspect-ratio dielectric holes (such as narrow and deep holes), precursor diffusion driven by concentration gradient must be combined with pumping assistance in order to force reactive gas to flow toward the catalyst at the bottom of dielectric holes for CNT growth.
A general strategy for target-promoted alkylation in biological systems (2003)

Selective alkylation of a chosen sequence of DNA typically relies on ligand-directed delivery of a compound that expresses an intrinsic reactivity. A significant and biologically relevant enhancement in specificity is theoretically possible if such an intrinsic reactivity could be replaced by a latent activity induced solely by the target of interest, but examples of this are rare and not easily emulated. A simple strategy for target-promoted alkylation is now illustrated by an intramolecular adduct formed by an oligonucleotide-quinone methide conjugate. This adduct persists in the absence of a complementary sequence of DNA for at least 8 days, yet remarkably is able to alkylate target DNA upon duplex hybridization. Neither formation of the intramolecular self-adduct nor transfer of the quinone methide to its target is significantly quenched by 450-fold excess 2-mercaptoethanol. Similarly, noncomplementary DNA is neither subject to alkylation by the self-adduct nor able to effect its consumption. Reversible trapping of the nascent quinone methide through an intramolecular reaction thus appears efficient enough to inhibit competing intermolecular reaction. Only complementary base pairing induces a conformational change necessary to promote intermolecular transfer of the quinone methide. Generalization of this approach based on reversible intramolecular trapping of a reactive intermediate by a ligand with multiple recognition subdomains has the potential for wide-ranging applications in targeting nucleic acids and proteins.
A Comparison between 1.5$μ$m Photoluminescence from Er-Doped Si-Rich Sio2 Films and (Er,Ge) Co-Doped Sio2 Films (2007)

We have studied the 1.5 $μ$m photoluminescence (PL) from Er ions after annealing two different sample sets in the temperature range 500 °C to 1100 °C. The different sample sets were made by magnetron sputtering from composite targets of Si+SiO2+Er and Ge+SiO2+Er respectively for the different sample sets. The annealing induces Si - and Ge-nanoclusters respectively in the different film sets. The PL peak reaches its maximum intensity after annealing at 700 °C for samples with Ge nanoclusters and after annealing at 800 °C for samples with Si. No luminescence from nanoclusters was detected in neither sample sets. This is interpreted as an energy transfer from the nanocluster to Er atoms. Transmission electron microscopy shows that after annealing to the respective temperature yielding the maximum PL intensity both the Ge and Si clusters are non-crystalline. Here we mainly compare the spectral shape of Er luminescence emitted in these different nanostructured matrixes. The PL spectral shapes are clearly different and witness a different local environment for the Er ions.
Live imaging of avian embryos (2011)

Our understanding of vertebrate development relies on the ability to visualize cell and tissue behaviors. However, imaging a live embryo poses the dual challenges of achieving single-cell resolution and sustaining embryo health. Here, we present the advantages and limitations of live imaging of avian embryos. We highlight innovative modifications to whole-embryo or tissue slice cultures combined with two-photo, confocal, or wide-field microscopy that allow for a greater flexibility to study complex three-dimensional events, such as avian gastrulation and neural crest migration. We discuss advances in cell labeling that include ovo photoactivation of green fluorescent protein and focal electroporation that permit single-cell tracing with higher fidelity and reproducibility. We include exciting advances in avian transgenics research that promise to streamline the process of cell labeling and allow dynamic imaging shortly after egg opening. These advances in live avian embryo imaging, combined with tissue transplantation and accessibility, make avian embryos a powerful model system for studying cellular and molecular mechanisms of morphogenesis, migration, and cell-fate specification.
Complementary Actions of Inhibitors of Angiopoietin-2 and VEGF on Tumor Angiogenesis and Growth (2010)

Inhibition of angiopoietin-2 (Ang2) can slow tumor growth, but the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. Because Ang2 is expressed in growing blood vessels and promotes angiogenesis driven by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), we asked whether the antitumor effect of Ang2 inhibition results from reduced sprouting angiogenesis and whether the effect is augmented by inhibition of VEGF from tumor cells. Using Colo205 human colon carcinomas in nude mice as a model, we found that selective inhibition of Ang2 by the peptide-Fc fusion protein L1-7(N) reduced the number of vascular sprouts by 46% and tumor growth by 62% over 26 days. Strikingly, when the Ang2 inhibitor was combined with a function-blocking anti-VEGF antibody, the number of sprouts was reduced by 82%, tumor vascularity was reduced by 67%, and tumor growth slowed by 91% compared with controls. The reduction in tumor growth was accompanied by decreased cell proliferation and increased apoptosis. We conclude that inhibition of Ang2 slows tumor growth by limiting the expansion of the tumor vasculature by sprouting angiogenesis, in a manner that is complemented by concurrent inhibition of VEGF and leads to reduced proliferation and increased apoptosis of tumor cells.
Metathesis of alkynes by a molybdenum hexacarbonyl–resorcinol catalyst (1974)

A. Mortreux and M. Blanchard, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1974, 786 DOI: 10.1039/C39740000786
Excess of amniotic fluid: pathophysiology, correlated diseases and clinical management. (2004)

The evaluation of amniotic fluid volume represents, together with the evaluation of fetal growth, one of the most important indicators of fetal wellbeing. Amniotic fluid is produced by fetal urines with small aliquots from fetal membranes and lung fluids. The main determinant of its turnover is fetal swallowing together with a small absorption through fetal skin and membranes. The pathologic conditions that lead to an excess of amniotic fluid are represented by excessive production or by a reduction of the physiologic turnover. The most frequent cause is gestational diabetes. This complication can be diagnosed in 2-3% of pregnancies, as a result of increased insulin resistance, most frequently found in association with risk factors such as high maternal BMI. Placental hormones, such as HPL, act indeed to increase insulin resistance and can therefore lead to post-prandial hyperglycemia in predisposed mothers. Maternal hyperglicemia leads in turn to fetal hyperglycemia and fetal hyperinsulinemia. Increased amniotic fluid volume is not a constant feature, being associated with the most severe cases, but its evaluation is very useful in the clinical management. The resulting increase in uterine volume, also related to accelerated fetal growth, is a potential cause of premature delivery, a severe complication also considering the delay in fetal lung maturation observed with fetal hyperinsulinemia. The evaluation of the degree of polyhydramnios has to be pursued by ultrasound. Precise diagnostic steps must be followed in order to rule out other potentially associated causes. Amongst these, malformations of the intestinal tract, such as hesophageal atresia, that are associated with decreased or absent fetal swallowing, must be considered. The clinical workout must therefore include an ultrasound evaluation of fetal morphology together with an oral glucose tolerance test. The therapeutic approach will be defined according to the definition of the underlying cause. Many cases will benefit from bedrest, tocolysis and induction of lung maturation.
Computing and Deflating Eigenvalues While Solving Multiple Right-Hand Side Linear Systems with an Application to Quantum Chromodynamics (2010)

We present a new algorithm that computes eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a Hermitian positive definite matrix while solving a linear system of equations with conjugate gradient (CG). Traditionally, all the CG iteration vectors could be saved and recombined through the eigenvectors of the tridiagonal projection matrix, which is equivalent theoretically to unrestarted Lanczos. Our algorithm capitalizes on the iteration vectors produced by CG to update only a small window of vectors that approximate the eigenvectors. While this window is restarted in a locally optimal way, the CG algorithm for the linear system is unaffected. Yet, in all our experiments, if the window has more than a properly chosen but small number of vectors, it converges to the required eigenvectors at a rate identical to unrestarted Lanczos. After the solution of the linear system, eigenvectors that have not accurately converged can be improved in an incremental fashion by solving additional linear systems. In this case, eigenvectors identified in earlier systems can be used to deflate, and thus accelerate, the convergence of subsequent systems. We have used this algorithm with excellent results in lattice quantum chromodynamics applications, where hundreds of right-hand sides may be needed. Specifically, about 70 eigenvectors are obtained to full accuracy after solving 24 right-hand sides. Deflating these from the large number of subsequent right-hand sides removes the dreaded critical slowdown, where the conditioning of the matrix increases as the quark mass reaches a critical value. Our experiments show almost a constant number of iterations for our method, regardless of quark mass, and speedups of 8 over original CG for light quark masses.
Overview and applications of Grating-Light-Valve-based optical write engines for high-speed digital imaging (2004)

The Grating Light Valve (GLV) is a diffractive MOEMS spatial light modulator capable of very high-speed modulation of light combined with fine gray-scale attenuation. GLV-based products are field-proven in a variety of applications. In this paper, we describe the GLV device, its structure, theory of operation, and optical performance. The versatility and speed of the GLV device are described. We explain how the GLV device is integrated into an optical write engine to create a complete digital imaging system. In addition to the MOEMS die and drive electronics, the light engine also comprises illumination optics, Fourier filter, and imaging optics. We present current applications of the GLV device for high-resolution displays, and computer-to-plate printing, as well as future plans for digital imaging applications opened up by the unique properties of this diffractive MOEMS technology.
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Mediates Palmitic Acid‐induced Insulin Resistance in Skeletal Muscle Cells (2010)

Pathological elevation of plasma fatty acids reduces insulin sensitivity. We found that insulin‐stimulated phosphorylation of Akt was reduced by palmitic acid (PA). The same treatment also increased phosphorylation of protein kinase R‐like ER kinase (PERK) and XBP‐1 mRNA splicing, which are both up‐regulated in ER stress. 4‐phenyl butyric acid (4‐PBA) blocked PA‐mediated PERK phosphorylation and reversed the inhibitory effect of PA on insulin‐stimulated Akt phosphorylation. Furthermore, oleic acid (OA) could also recover PA‐reduced Akt phosphorylation and abolish both PA‐mediated PERK phosphorylation and XBP‐1 mRNA splicing. The observation was verified in rat skeletal muscle using venous fatty acid infusion. In addition, PA stimulated AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation, and both compound C and OA could inhibit this phosporylation and recover insulin sensitivity. These data suggest that PA induces insulin resistance via AMPK‐mediated ER stress. Our data also demonstrate that OA and PA competitively regulate insulin sensitivity by controlling ER stress.