gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MOSAIC: Masked Optimisation with Selective Attention for Image Reconstruction (2023)

Compressive sensing (CS) reconstructs images from sub-Nyquist measurements by solving a sparsity-regularized inverse problem. Traditional CS solvers use iterative optimizers with hand crafted sparsifiers, while early data-driven methods directly learn an inverse mapping from the low-dimensional measurement space to the original image space. The latter outperforms the former, but is restrictive to a pre-defined measurement domain. More recent, deep unrolling methods combine traditional proximal gradient methods and data-driven approaches to iteratively refine an image approximation. To achieve higher accuracy, it has also been suggested to learn both the sampling matrix, and the choice of measurement vectors adaptively. Contrary to the current trend, in this work we hypothesize that a general inverse mapping from a random set of compressed measurements to the image domain exists for a given measurement basis, and can be learned. Such a model is single-shot, non-restrictive and does not parametrize the sampling process. To this end, we propose MOSAIC, a novel compressive sensing framework to reconstruct images given any random selection of measurements, sampled using a fixed basis. Motivated by the uneven distribution of information across measurements, MOSAIC incorporates an embedding technique to efficiently apply attention mechanisms on an encoded sequence of measurements, while dispensing the need to use unrolled deep networks. A range of experiments validate our proposed architecture as a promising alternative for existing CS reconstruction methods, by achieving the state-of-the-art for metrics of reconstruction accuracy on standard datasets.
Low delay-power product CMOS design using one-hot residue coding (1995)

Article Free Access Share on Low delay-power product CMOS design using one-hot residue coding Author: William A. Chren NASA Lewis Research Center, Grand Valley State University NASA Lewis Research Center, Grand Valley State UniversityView Profile Authors Info & Claims ISLPED '95: Proceedings of the 1995 international symposium on Low power designApril 1995 Pages 145–150https://doi.org/10.1145/224081.224107Online:23 April 1995Publication History 11citation345DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations11Total Downloads345Last 12 Months13Last 6 weeks4 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Design of SH-SAW phononic devices for highly sensitive and ultra-low power sensing applications (2014)

SAW biosensors based on a shear horizontal wave have been developed to detect breast cancer markers, E. Coli bacteria, and in DNA hybridization studies. A current trend in these biosensing systems is to move away from clinical laboratories where expensive bulky equipment and highly skilled personnel are needed and move to point-of-care-testing (POCT). Monitoring a physiological signal such as blood glucose levels in a patient with a wireless sensor provides a good example. A major challenge to the incorporation of wireless sensors for biosensing/medical applications is power consumption. Inspired by the concept of phononic crystals (PCs), we incorporate microcavities in the form of periodic inclusions in a SAW devices made of 90 ° ST-X Quartz and 36° YX LiTaO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> . We utilize a three-dimensional (3-D) finite element model (FEM) to compare insertion loss (IL) and mass sensitivity of SAW sensors having microcavities and show that significant improvements in sensitivity and power consumption can be obtained. The resulting metamaterial has properties different than those of the host material; in particular, density and elastic properties. To harness the potential of PCs within a SAW sensing device, we have systematically evaluated properties such as size, periodicity and nature of the filling materials because these affect the center frequency, power consumption, width of the bandgap, and sensor sensitivity among other things. Our simulation and experimental results suggest the possibility of tuning the acoustic band-gap and acoustic confinement to realize novel SAW and SH-SAW phononic sensors having low insertion loss and high sensitivity.
Novel EUV mask black border suppressing EUV and DUV OoB light reflection (2016)

EUV lithography is the most promising technology for semiconductor device manufacturing of the 10nm node and beyond. The image border is a pattern free dark area around the die on the photomask serving as transition area between the parts of the mask that is shielded from the exposure light by the Reticle Masking (REMA) blades and the die. When printing a die at dense spacing on an EUV scanner, the reflection from the image border overlaps edges of neighboring dies, affecting CD and contrast in this area. This is related to the fact that EUV absorber stack reflects 1-3% of actinic EUV light. To reduce this effect several types of image border with reduced EUV reflectance (&lt;0.05%) have been proposed; such an image border is referred to as a black border. In particular, an etched multilayer type black border was developed; it was demonstrated that CD impact at the edge of a die is strongly reduced with this type of the black border (BB). However, wafer printing result still showed some CD change in the die influenced by the black border reflection. It was proven that the CD shift was caused by DUV Out of Band (OOB) light from the EUV light source. New types of a multilayer etched BB were evaluated and showed a good potential for DUV light suppression. In this study, a novel BB called ‘Hybrid Black Border’ (HBB) has been developed to eliminate EUV and DUV OOB light reflection by applying optical design technique and special micro-fabrication technique. A new test mask with HBB is fabricated without any degradation of mask quality according to the result of CD performance in the main pattern, defectivity and cleaning durability. The imaging performance for N10 imaging structures is demonstrated on NXE:3300B in collaboration with ASML. This result is compared to the imaging results obtained for a mask with the earlier developed BB, and HBB has achieved ~3x improvement; less than 0.2 nm CD changes are observed in the corners of the die. A CD uniformity budget including impact of OOB light in the die edge area is evaluated which shows that the OOB impact from HBB becomes comparable with other CDU contributors in this area. Finally, we state that HBB is a promising technology allowing for CD control at die edges.
Noninvasive multipurpose stereoadapter (1987)

A noninvasive adapter for stereotaxis guided by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, which was originally developed for morphological (tumour biopsy) surgery, has also been used for functional stereotaxis (thalamotomy, cingulotomy, hypothalamotomy, dentatotomy, etc.), for stereotactic angiography and for external stereotactic irradiation of brain tumours with a conventional linear accelerator. In addition, it has been applied to the location of subcortical brain tumours for open surgery. Recently, the stereoadapter has been supplied with a phantom base, which permits percutaneous tumour biopsy and ventriculostomy without a stereotactic frame.
Synchronization of surgical data in a distributed computer system (2009)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Positional Therapy and Regional Pulmonary Ventilation (2020)

Background Prone ventilation redistributes lung inflation along the gravitational axis; however, localized, nongravitational effects of body position are less well characterized. The authors hypothesize that positional inflation improvements follow both gravitational and nongravitational distributions. This study is a nonoverlapping reanalysis of previously published large animal data. Methods Five intubated, mechanically ventilated pigs were imaged before and after lung injury by tracheal injection of hydrochloric acid (2 ml/kg). Computed tomography scans were performed at 5 and 10 cm H 2 O positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) in both prone and supine positions. All paired prone–supine images were digitally aligned to each other. Each unit of lung tissue was assigned to three clusters (K-means) according to positional changes of its density and dimensions. The regional cluster distribution was analyzed. Units of tissue displaying lung recruitment were mapped. Results We characterized three tissue clusters on computed tomography: deflation (increased tissue density and contraction), limited response (stable density and volume), and reinflation (decreased density and expansion). The respective clusters occupied (mean ± SD including all studied conditions) 29.3 ± 12.9%, 47.6 ± 11.4%, and 23.1 ± 8.3% of total lung mass, with similar distributions before and after lung injury. Reinflation was slightly greater at higher PEEP after injury. Larger proportions of the reinflation cluster were contained in the dorsal versus ventral (86.4 ± 8.5% vs . 13.6 ± 8.5%, P &lt; 0.001) and in the caudal versus cranial (63.4 ± 11.2% vs . 36.6 ± 11.2%, P &lt; 0.001) regions of the lung. After injury, prone positioning recruited 64.5 ± 36.7 g of tissue (11.4 ± 6.7% of total lung mass) at lower PEEP, and 49.9 ± 12.9 g (8.9 ± 2.8% of total mass) at higher PEEP; more than 59.0% of this recruitment was caudal. Conclusions During mechanical ventilation, lung reinflation and recruitment by the prone positioning were primarily localized in the dorso-caudal lung. The local effects of positioning in this lung region may determine its clinical efficacy. Editor’s Perspective What We Already Know about This Topic What This Article Tells Us That Is New
Sources of crown rot (Phytophthora cactorum) infection in strawberry and the effect of cold storage on susceptibility to the disease (1994)

Summary Cold‐stored plants of strawberry cultivars Tamella, Cambridge Favourite and Redgauntlet were more susceptible to pathogenic isolates of Phytophthora cactorum than similar plants which had not been cold‐stored. Indigenous nonpathogenic isolates of P. cactorum did not cause crown rot in cold‐stored plants, although a small number of symptomless latent infections occurred. The majority of P. cactorum isolates causing crown rot symptoms were taken from infected strawberry crowns, although two isolates from gooseberry plants, but of uncertain origin, were also pathogenic. Outbreaks of crown rot in areas with no previous history of the disease therefore probably result from the importation of non‐indigenous inoculum with planting material. Assessments of the timing of infection in relation to cold storage revealed that a high incidence of death in the cold store and chronic wilt symptoms on planting from the store resulted from initiating symptomless infections prior to cold storage. However, infection during the period immediately after cold storage resulted in rapid wilt symptoms of Phytophthora crown rot. When plated in sterile distilled water for 24 h, pieces of tissue from infected plants which had died during cold storage produced large numbers of sporangia and zoospores. This indicates that such plant material could provide a potent source of inoculum for infections in the post storage thawing environment. It is proposed that a combination of heightened host susceptibility resulting from cold storage and the presence of scatted latent infections or infected debris among the plants could result in a sudden, large scale appearance of crown rot, as sometimes is seen with cold‐stored plantings of strawberries.
Horticultural business survey for the north of England 1993/94 (1995)

Available from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:2789.171(232/H13) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply Centre
Theory and application of a novel co-resonant cantilever sensor (2018)

Abstract Dynamic cantilever sensors have many applications, for example in material’s research, biology, as gas and magnetic field sensors. The sensing principle is based on the effect that a force gradient or mass change applied to the cantilever alter its oscillatory state which can be related to the parameter of interest. In order to detect very small interactions, the cantilever needs to have a low stiffness which is commonly achieved by a reduction of the beam’s dimensions, especially its thickness. However, this is limited by the commonly employed laser-based detection of the cantilever’s oscillatory state. In this paper, we describe a novel co-resonant cantilever sensor concept which is based on the coupling and eigenfrequency matching of a micro- and a nanocantilever. This approach allows to access a large fraction of the nanocantilever’s high sensitivity while ensuring a reliable oscillation detection with standard laser-based methods at the microcantilever. Experiments in cantilever magnetometry and magnetic force microscopy demonstrate the immense potential of the sensor concept. Furthermore, applications are not limited to material’s research, instead this concept creates a cantilever sensor platform with many potential applications, for example as gas, mass or pressure sensors.
COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN ASSESSMENT OF MYOCARDIUM VIABILITY IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION FOLLOWING ONE-YEAR OBSERVATION (2017)

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Split-Skin Grafting from the Scalp (2009)

Advantages of the scalp as a donor site include rapidity of wound healing, low risk of complications, and excellent cosmetic results. The large number of hair follicles containing the epidermal stem cell pool can explain these advantages.
Blockage of skin invasion by schistosome cercariae by serine protease inhibitors. (1999)

Invasion of skin by schistosome cercariae is facilitated by a serine protease secreted from the acetabular cells of cercariae in response to skin lipid. Specific inhibitors of the protease, when applied to human skin in formulations designed to retain the inhibitor on and in the upper stratum corneum layers, block cercarial invasion of human skin. Both peptide-based, irreversible inhibitors and non-peptide, reversible inhibitors block cercarial invasion when applied in a propylene glycol:isopropyl alcohol (3:1) formulation in vitro. Arrest of cercarial invasion could be achieved even after immersion of treated skin in water for 2 hr. Peptide-based irreversible inhibitors in the presence of three different Topicare Delivery Compounds optimized arrest of cercarial invasion. The three Topicare Delivery Compounds applied alone prevented 80-100% of cercarial invasion. With inclusion of the inhibitor, there was 97-100% inhibition in vitro. The optimal formulation with inhibitor was then applied to the tails of BALB/c mice, and the mice were exposed to 120 cercariae by tail immersion. With the carrier lotion alone, there was a 50% reduction in worm burden and a 70% reduction in egg burden. When inhibitor was included, an 80% reduction in worm burden and a 92% reduction in egg burden was observed.
EOSINOPHILS IN THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT: LESSONS LEARNED FROM MICE AND MEN (2004)

ST12 WHAT DO THE BEATLES, THE GUT AND THE IMMUNE SYSTEM HAVE IN COMMON? Satellite Symposium organized by MEAD JOHNSON A growing body of scientific literature and clinical experiences supports a role for eosinophils (E) in GI diseases. E are increased in tissues affected by inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, food allergies, and eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases (EGIDs). Once considered diagnostic oddities, EGIDs now are recognized as important entities in children and adults. A number of studies have identified diagnostic criteria for one of the EGIDs: eosinophilic esophagitis (EE). Clinical features of EE include acute or chronic upper intestinal symptoms often unresponsive to acid blockade. Young children have abdominal pain, vomiting or feeding refusal, often on a background of atopic diseases. Older children and adults present with dysphagia and food impaction. Peripheral eosinophilia is seen in 25–75% of patients. Endoscopic features include circular rings, vertical furrows, white plaques/papules/exudate and longitudinal shearing. Critical to the diagnosis are the pathological findings within the proximal and/or distal esophagus after at least 2 mo. of acid blockade. The epithelium contains large numbers of eosinophils (>15–20/high power field), E microabscesses and superficial layering of E along the epithelial surface. A response to anti-allergic treatment provides further confirmatory data. Collectively, these studies have provided diagnostic features of EE but criteria for other EGIDs are less certain. Studies have begun to elucidate mechanisms that E home to the gut and their potential functional roles. Increased expression of IL-5 and TNF-alpha compared to controls has been identified in the human esophageal mucosa affected by EE. Ovalbumin sensitized and challenged mice developed an eotaxin dependent gastric and small intestinal eosinophilia and diminished gastric emptying. Major basic protein, one of the E granule proteins is known to stimulate tracheal smooth muscle contraction and induce pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Esophageal endoscopic ultrasound of children affected by EE demonstrates muscle thickening and prolonged motility monitoring reveals disrupted motility with prolonged isolated and more ineffective contractions. Taken together these studies suggest a role for E in the dysfunctional esophagus in EE. A number of prospective, but not randomized or blinded studies document the impact of steroids, dietary restriction, and leukotriene inhibitors on EE. Each treatment effectively relieved symptoms but only steroids and dietary elimination reduced mucosal eosinophilia. A novel targeted treatment utilizing I.V. administration of anti-IL-5 antibody was recently described. Yet a number of perplexing issues remain unaddressed.
Inherent Stochastic Robustness of Model Predictive Control to Large and Infrequent Disturbances (2021)

We introduce a new class of large, infrequent disturbances to complement the small, persistent disturbances typically considered in robustness analysis. This new class of disturbances includes discrete disturbances that become pertinent when considering discrete actuators and production scheduling in control problems. To properly account for the infrequent nature of these disturbances, we define a stochastic form of robustness. Under suitable assumptions, we prove that certain closed-loop systems subject to large, infrequent disturbances admit an SISS-Lyapunov function and are robust in this stochastic context. We apply these results to economic model predictive control (MPC) with a strictly dissipative nominal system and stage cost, which includes tracking MPC as a special case, and prove that economic MPC is robust to large, infrequent disturbances. Without dissipativity assumptions, we define and establish robust asymptotic performance for economic MPC. We present a simple tracking problem to illustrate the results of this work, and a production scheduling (economic MPC) problem, to demonstrate the relevance of this analysis to practical applications.
Thermal Expansion of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 _ x as Determined by High‐Temperature X‐ray Diffraction under Controlled Oxygen Partial Pressures (1995)

The high‐temperature phase relationship and thermal expansion coefficient of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7‐x under constant oxygen nonstoichiometry, x, were determined by high‐temperature powder X‐ray diffraction analysis under controlled oxygen partial pressure at temperatures up to 800 deg; C. The results are discussed based on reported nonstoichiometry data. The present study showed an orthorhombic‐to‐tetragonal transition near the composition x = 0.5. The lattice parameter c, perpendicular to the Cu‐O plane, showed a maximum at around x = 0.7 to 0.8. In the ortho‐rhombic phase, the lattice parameters a and b along the Cu‐O plane were essentially constant for x &lt; 0.2. For 0.2 &lt; x &lt; ∼ 0.5, a increased and b decreased with x. In the tetragonal phase, with x &lt; ∼ 0.5, the lattice parameter a decreased with x. The thermal expansion coefficient, α, along the c‐axis ranged from 19 × 10 ‐6 to 25 × 10 ‐6 ‐K ‐1 , whereas a along the a‐ and b‐axes ranged from 12 × 10 ‐6 to 22 × 10 ‐6 ‐K ‐1 at 400° to 800 deg; C, and these values were very small below 400 deg; C. It was found that a, b, and α along the a‐ and b‐axes are smaller when the oxygen content along the respective axes is less, while the area of the ab plane and its thermal expansion coefficient are larger when the deviation of the oxygen content from the stoichiometric compositions of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 or YBa 2 Cu 3 O 6 is larger. Changes of x and temperature affected c more strongly than a and b.
i POINTS TO CONSIDERi REGARDING SAFETY ASSESSMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY-DERIVED PHARMACEUTICALS IN NON-CLINICAL STUDIES (ENGLISH TRANSLATION (2004)

Regulatory and industrial scientists collaborated to publish a "points to consider" document regarding the safety assessment of biotechnology-derived pharmaceuticals in non-clinical studies in 2002 (Pharmaceutical Non-clinical Investigation Group, 2002). The collaboration team intended to clarify the interpretation of ICH-S6 guideline and furthermore share recent Japanese practices on this matter. However, the document was written in Japanese. Thus, we share here an English translation of the document so that non-native Japanese correctly understand the contents.
Beyond appetite: Acylated ghrelin as a learning, memory and fear behavior-modulating hormone (2022)

Although often referred to as a hunger hormone, recent evidence highlights a neuroprotective function of acylated ghrelin (AG) and a substantial role in the regulation of declarative and aversive memories as well as fear behavior. As such, in this review, we i) evaluate what specific stages and forms of memory, as well as which respective brain areas are affected by acylated ghrelin, ii) illustrate the plasticity-associated signaling pathways of AG in the hippocampus, also involving memory resolution-enhancing neurogenesis, iii) elucidate how the peptide modulates neurotransmitter systems (glutamate, γ-aminobutyric acid, dopamine, serotonin), iV) clarify the role of AG in conditioned taste aversion, novelty learning and the formation of spatial, recognition, auditory fear, contextual fear and passive avoidance memories in the hippocampus and amygdala as well as V) solve the mystery behind AG, its impact on the 5-HT system, the recently established link to post-traumatic stress disorder and the either fear-suppressing or fear-potentiating effects under neutral and acutely stressed conditions or chronic stress, respectively.
Culture of Human Laryngeal Papilloma Cells in Vitro (1982)

Human laryngeal epithelial cells have been grown in tissue culture in a hydrated collagen gel containing Nutrient Mixture F12 (Gibco) supplemented with 15% fetal calf serum and 10 micrograms/mL hydrocortisone. Primary cells often remain viable in culture for more than six months. They can be serially transferred two to four times before senescence. Cells derived both from normal epithelium and from laryngeal papilloma have been successfully cultured. Papilloma cells appear to contain more perinuclear granules and form fewer tight junctions than normal cells.