gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ADVANCED MODELING AND OPTIMIZATION FOR VIRTUAL CALIBRATION OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES (2017)

&lt;title&gt;ABSTRACT&lt;/title&gt; &lt;p&gt;Due to the high complexity of modern internal combustion engines and powertrain systems, the proper calibration of the electronic control unit’s (ECU) parameters has a strong impact on project targets like fuel consumption, emissions and drivability, as well as development costs and project duration. Simulation methods representing the system behavior with a model can support the calibration process considerably. However, standard physics-based models are often not able to describe all effects with sufficient accuracy, or the effort to set up a detailed model is too high. Physics-based models can also have a high computational demand, so that their simulation is not real-time capable. More suited for ECU calibration are data-driven models, combined with Design of Experiment (DoE). The system to be calibrated is identified with few specific test bench or vehicle measurements. From these measurements, a mathematical regression model is built. This paper describes recently developed machine learning methods based on Gaussian processes. In contrast to polynomial models or neural network regression, Gaussian processes are able to model strongly nonlinear systems with high accuracy, and are robust against measurement noise and outliers. No expert knowledge is required for their practical application, all model parameters are determined automatically by probabilistic principles. The data-driven model replaces the real engine or vehicle in the calibration process, and combined with optimization methods, the best set of ECU parameters with respect to the project targets is identified. The short response time of Gaussian process models further enables their use in real-time environments, e.g. Hardware-in-the-Loop (HiL) test systems or even directly on the ECU. This paper shows the application of the data-driven approach in the calibration process on several examples.&lt;/p&gt;
Upper Limb Joint Torques during Performances of Kicking Pullovers (2017)

In this study, we determined upper limb joint torques during performances of kicking pullover. Kinematics and bar reaction forces (BRFs) were measured during successful kicking pullovers by 10 healthy adult males, with the horizontal bar set at 75% to the individual subject's heights. Sagittal plane analyses using an 11-segment link model were performed between the period from takeoff to the upside-down position. Large extension torques of elbows and shoulders of both arms were observed (1.01±0.14 and 2.08±0.30 Nm/kg as the sum of bilateral arms, respectively) and accompanied by large vertical BRF (0.71±0.07 BW). Because the angular momentum about the center of mass (CM) was mostly satisfied at takeoff, large horizontal BRF after takeoff may be avoided. However, vertical velocity of the CM at takeoff (1.1±0.1 m/s) was insufficient to raise by the necessary distance against gravity, and compensation by vertical BRF after takeoff was demonstrated. Moreover, vertical BRF was responsible for maintaining the position of the body at around the target height against gravity during the second half of the target period. These observations suggest that successful kicking pullovers require large elbow and shoulder extensor strengths, and strengthening of these muscles is effective for achieving kicking pullovers.
A Parametric Study of Nucleate Boiling on Structured Surfaces, Part II: Effect of Pore Diameter and Pore Pitch (1998)

This two-part experimental work identifies the effect of geometric dimensions on the boiling performance of “tunneled” enhanced boiling surfaces, which is similar to the Hitachi Thermoexcel-E surface. Tests were performed on a horizontal tube using R-11 and R-123 at 26.7°C for heat fluxes from 2 to 70 kW/m2. This second part of the study defines the effect of the pore dimensions (pore diameter and pore pitch). The pore diameters are 0.12, 0.18, 0.23, and 0.28 mm and the pore pitches are 0.75, 1.5, and 3.0 mm. The results are interpreted to explain the relationship between pore diameter and pore pitch on the boiling performance.
Visual Servoing in Autoencoder Latent Space (2022)

Visual servoing (VS) is a common way in robotics to control a robot motion usinginformation acquired by a camera. This approach requires to extract visual information from the image to design the control law. The resulting servo loop is built in order to minimize an error expressed in the image space. We consider a direct visual servoing (DVS) from whole images. We propose a new framework to perform VS in the latent space learned by a convolutional autoencoder. We show that this latent space avoids explicit feature extraction and tracking issues and provides a good representation, smoothing the cost function of the VS process. Besides, our experiments show that this unsupervised learning approach allows us to obtain, without labelling cost, an accurate end-positioning, often on par with the best DVS methods in terms of accuracy but with a larger convergence area.
Applications of Protein Biochips in Biomedical and Biotechnological Research (2009)

Progress in the development of protein-immobilization strategies and methods has made protein biochips increasingly accessible. The integration of these assay and analysis platforms into biomedical and biotechnological research has substantially expanded the repertoire of methods available for proteomics and biomarker research and for drug development. This Minireview highlights selected developments in the application of protein biochips in these fields.
Adjunctive Azithromycin Prophylaxis for Cesarean Delivery (2020)

The addition of azithromycin to standard regimens for antibiotic prophylaxis before cesarean delivery may further reduce the rate of postoperative infection. We evaluated the benefits and safety of azithromycin-based extended-spectrum prophylaxis in women undergoing nonelective cesarean section.
Influence of Preparation Conditions on the Self-Assembly by Stereocomplexation of Polylactide Containing Diblock Copolymers (2004)

Self-assembly of diblock copolymers having a crystallizable block can yield particles of complex shapes. Here, particles have been obtained by mixing two solutions of poly(l-lactide)−poly(ε-caprolactone) and poly(d-lactide)−poly(ε-caprolactone) diblock copolymers, in a good solvent of polycaprolactone. We have proved that these particles result from the cocrystallization of the polylactide blocks (stereocomplexation). At the highest concentration investigated (10 g/L), the stereocomplexation is in competition with a solvophobically driven aggregation process. However, the latter process is reversible and does not seem to affect the stereocomplexation to a large extent. At lower concentrations, stereocomplexation is the only process involved. Temperature also has a strong influence both on kinetics and on the structure of the particles. At low temperature, the growth of the particles is stopped at a particular size. This effect may be related to the properties of the polycaprolactone block.
A novel design for monolithic interconnected modules (MIMs) for thermophotovoltaic (TPV) power conversion (1997)

The design for the fabrication of Monolithic Interconnected Modules (MIMs) for thermophotovoltaic (TPV) power conversion described in this paper utilizes a novel, interdigitated contacting scheme that increases the flexibility in the size of the component cells and hence the output current and voltage of the module. This flexibility is gained at the expense of only minimally increased grid obscuration. Because the design uses the grid fingers of the component cells as the interconnect structure, the area of the device used for this purpose becomes negligible. In this paper the authors report on the specifics of the design as well as issues related to the fabrication of the modules. Preliminary performance data for representative modules also are offered.
Limiting Functional Deficiency Following Stroke: Exploiting Different Stem Cell Reservoirs (2003)

Stroke is the third leading cause of death after cancer and heart disease. Although great strides have been made in our understanding of the mechanisms that contribute to stroke pathology, effective pharmacological interventions for the millions of people annually affected by this disease is minimal. The only available treatment is tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) which promotes reperfusion of the ischaemic area, but the high associated risk of bleeding and short effective window have severely limited its use. Historically, much research to identify new therapeutics for the treatment of stroke has focussed on the mechanisms that promote cell death within the brain during and immediately after the traumatic event. Drugs that disrupt these mechanisms and thereby prevent cellular damage in animal stroke models have, unfortunately, proven disappointing in the clinic. A potentially more effective way of managing patients would be to target events that contribute both to the cellular damage and the tissue repair that occurs some time after the initial trauma. This review describes our current understanding of the mechanisms involved in later stage damage and, particularly, those processes that contribute to cellular and, therefore, functional recovery within injured areas of the brain. Potential strategies for exploiting these processes to achieve better and faster recovery of the patient will then be discussed.
Deep learning optimized single-pixel LiDAR (2019)

Interest in autonomous transport has led to a demand for 3D imaging technologies capable of resolving fine details at long range. Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) systems have become a key technology in this area, with depth information typically gained through time-of-flight photon-counting measurements of a scanned laser spot. Single-pixel imaging methods offer an alternative approach to spot-scanning, which allows a choice of sampling basis. In this work, we present a prototype LiDAR system, which compressively samples the scene using a deep learning optimized sampling basis and reconstruction algorithms. We demonstrate that this approach improves scene reconstruction quality compared to an orthogonal sampling method, with reflectivity and depth accuracy improvements of 57% and 16%, respectively, for one frame per second acquisition rates. This method may pave the way for improved scan-free LiDAR systems for driverless cars and for fully optimized sampling to decision-making pipelines.
A cone-beam tomography algorithm for orthogonal circle-and-line orbit (1992)

A cone-beam algorithm which provides a practical implementation of B D Smith's cone-beam inversion formula is presented. For a cone-beam vertex orbit consisting of a circle and an orthogonal line. This geometry is easy to implement in a SPECT system, and it satisfies the cone-beam data sufficiency condition. The proposed algorithm is in the form of a convolution-back projection, and requires a pre-filtering procedure. Computer simulations show a reduction of the artifacts that are found with the Feldkamp algorithm where the cone-beam vertex orbit is a circle.
Craniodiaphyseal dysplasia: Partial suppression of osteoblastic activity in the severe progressive form with calcitonin therapy (1987)

Abstract A small number of cases have been described of Craniodiaphyseal Dysplasia including early “leontiasis ossea” with progressive bony encroachment of skull foramina leading to severe neurological impairment in the first decade. Total thyroidectomy to remove a suspected source of excessive calcitonin was carried out in the only previous case where therapy was attempted. We report the case of the daughter of a Chief Petty Officer who presented with choanal stenosis at birth and who died at age 7 years with massive hyperostosis and sclerosis especially involving the skull and facial bones. Partial responsiveness of this condition to therapy with synthetic human calcitonin was suggested by a fall in the velocity of increase in her head circumference and changes in serum total and bone isoenzyme alkaline phosphatase. Management of the metabolic, neurological and social aspects of this condition is discussed.
Aspects of the Decision Making Process in Village Planning with Participatory Approaches - A Review on the British Experience of the Village Appraisals - (2001)

A village appraisal is a study of the village, carried out by the people who live there as a basis for influencing its future. It is an exciting opportunity for a village to take a good look at itself, and it is a project in which everyone can be involved. It involves gathering factual information and the opinions of local people, so as to build up an overall picture of the village. An appraisal is a questionnaire survey carried out by and for the local community. It aims to identify local characteristics, problems, needs, threats, strengths and opportunities. It is a means of taking stock of the community and of creating a sound foundation of awareness and understanding on which to base future community action. Over the past 30 years more than 2,000 village appraisals have been undertaken in rural Britain. This research examined 48 village appraisals which had been carried out in England between 1985 and 1999. The suggested strengths and weaknesses of the village appraisals are: the target of the whole population in an area; the wide-ranging in its coverage of issues; well linked to a county-wide support agency; a good tool for identifying needs and wants, and local priorities; a good tool of local democracy and of increasing self-confidence in individuals and the whole community; not an exhaustive survey; very labour intensive; too little coverage of issues relating to the local economy; the lack of any input by professional planners and so forth.
SubstituentEffects That Control Conjugated OligomerConformation through Non-covalent Interactions (2017)

Although understanding the conformations and arrangements of conjugated materials as solids is key to their prospective applications, predictive power over these structural factors remains elusive. In this work, substituent effects tune non-covalent interactions between side-chain fluorinated benzyl esters and main-chain terminal arenes, in turn controlling the conformations and inter­chromophore aggregation of three-ring phenylene-ethynylenes (PEs). Cofacial fluoro­arene–arene (ArF–ArH) interactions cause twisting in the PE backbone, interrupting intra­molecular conjugation as well as blocking chromophore aggregation, both of which prevent the typically observed batho­chromic shift observed upon transitioning PEs from solution to solid. This work highlights two structural factors that determine whether the ArF–ArH interactions, and the resulting twisted, unaggregated chromophores, occur in these solids: (i) the electron-releasing characteristic of substituents on ArH, with more electron-releasing character favoring ArF–ArH interactions, and (ii) the fluorination pattern of the ArF ring, with 2,3,4,5,6-penta­fluoro­phenyl favoring ArF–ArH interactions over 2,4,6-tri­fluoro­phenyl. These trends indicate that considerations of electrostatic complementarity, whether through a polar−π or substituent–substituent mechanism, can serve as an effective design principle in controlling the interaction strengths, and therefore the optoelectronic properties, of these molecules as solids.
Primary structure and properties of the cathepsin G/chymotrypsin inhibitor from the larval hemolymph of Apis mellifera (1999)

A member of the Ascaris inhibitor family exhibiting anti-cathepsin G and anti-chymotrypsin activity was purified from the larval hemolymph of the honey bee (Apis mellifera). Three forms of the inhibitor, designated AMCI 1-3, were isolated using gel filtration and anion-exchange chromatographies followed by reverse-phase HPLC. The amino-acid analyses indicated that AMCI-1 and AMCI-2 have an identical composition whereas AMCI-3 is shorter by two residues (Thr, Arg). All three forms contain as many as 10 cysteine residues and lack tryptophan, tyrosine, and histidine. The sequence of the isoinhibitors showed that the major form (AMCI-1) consisting of 56 amino-acid residues was a single-chain protein of molecular mass 5972 Da, whereas the other two forms were two-chain proteins with a very high residue identity. The AMCI-2 appeared to be derived from AMCI-1, as a result of the Lys24-Thr25 peptide bond splitting, while AMCI-3 was truncated at its N-terminus by the dipeptide Thr25-Arg26. The association constants for the binding of bovine alpha-chymotrypsin to all purified forms of the inhibitor were high and nearly identical, ranging from 4.8 x 10(10) M-1 for AMCI-1 to 2.7 x 10(9) M-1 for AMCI-3. The sensitivity of cathepsin G to inhibition by each inhibitor was different. Only the association constant for the interaction of this enzyme with AMCI-1 was high (2 x 10(8) M-1) whereas those for AMCI-2 and AMCI-3 were significantly lower, and appeared to be 3.7 x 10(7) M-1 and 4.5 x 10(6) M-1, respectively. The reactive site of the inhibitor, as identified by cathepsin G degradation and chemical modification, was found to be at Met30-Gln31. A search in the Protein Sequence Swiss-Prot databank revealed a significant degree of identity (44%) between the primary structure of AMCI and the trypsin isoinhibitor from Ascaris sp (ATI). On the basis of the cysteine residues alignment, the position of the reactive site as well as some sequence homology, the cathepsin G/chymotrypsin inhibitor from larval hemolymph of the honey bee may be considered to be a member of the Ascaris inhibitor family.
The parametric wavelet maxima representation (2003)

A general signal description, called an inherently bounded adaptive quasi linear representation (AQLR), motivated by the wavelet maxima representation and the wavelet zero-crossings representation, is introduced. A reconstruction scheme based on the minimization of an appropriate cost function is presented. The convergence of two algorithms described herein is guaranteed for all inherently bounded AQLR. Possible modifications in the basic multiscale maxima representations are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Erratum: Extended Drude Model for Intraband-Transition-Induced Optical Nonlinearity [Phys. Rev. Applied 11, 064062 (2019)] (2020)

Received 28 July 2020DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.14.039901© 2020 American Physical SocietyPhysics Subject Headings (PhySH)Research AreasElectronic transitionsNonlinear optical susceptibilityOptoelectronicsPlasmonicsUltrafast opticsPhysical SystemsThin filmsTechniquesFree-electron modelUltrafast pump-probe spectroscopyCondensed Matter & Materials PhysicsAtomic, Molecular & Optical
Diagnositic value of serum bile acid estimations in liver disease. (1975)

Bile acid concentrations were estimated enzymatically in fasting and postprandial (two-hour) serum samples from 18 normal subjects and 30 patients with histologically proven hepatobiliary disease. The serum bile acid concentration was less than 15 mumol/1 in normal subjects and did not increase postprandially. The fasting serum bile acid concentration was raised in 27 of the patients with hepatobiliary disease, and following a meal was outside the normal range in all 30 patients. Other liver function tests were abnormal less frequently. These results suggest that the estimation of serum bile acids in the postprandial state is a sensitive screening test of hepatobiliary disease. They should be of particular value in patients in whom liver disease is suspected but not proven, and in those recovering from liver disease, especially following therapy.
A Critical Role for FBXW8 and MAPK in Cyclin D1 Degradation and Cancer Cell Proliferation (2006)

Cyclin D1 regulates G1 progression. Its transcriptional regulation is well understood. However, the mechanism underlying cyclin D1 ubiquitination and its subsequent degradation is not yet clear. We report that cyclin D1 undergoes increased degradation in the cytoplasm during S phase in a variety of cancer cells. This is mediated by phosphorylation at Thr286 through the activity of the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK cascade and the F-box protein FBXW8, which is an E3 ligase. The majority of FBXW8 is expressed in the cytoplasm during G1 and S phase. In contrast, cyclin D1 accumulates in the nucleus during G1 phase and exits into the cytoplasm in S phase. Increased cyclin D1 degradation is linked to association with FBXW8 in the cytoplasm, and enhanced phosphorylation of cyclin D1 through sustained ERK1/2 signaling. Depletion of FBXW8 caused a significant accumulation of cyclin D1, as well as sequestration of CDK1 in the cytoplasm. This resulted in a severe reduction of cell proliferation. These effects could be rescued by constitutive nuclear expression of cyclin D1-T286A. Thus, FBXW8 plays an essential role in cancer cell proliferation through proteolysis of cyclin D1. It may present new opportunities to develop therapies targeting destruction of cyclin D1 or its regulator E3 ligase selectively.
INCOHERENTLY GENERATED PHOTON ECHOES (1984)

Optical coherent transient experiments have traditionally used laser generated coherent excitation pulses. While this may be necessary for the observation of, say self induced transparency, it is not a universal requirement.
[Analysis of bacteriology of drug sensitivity in the inactive stage of chronic suppurative otitis media]. (2014)

Patients with dry ears,who were going to take type I tympanoplasty, still had potential pathogens. Bacterial cultivation and drug sensitive test before operation can guide the clinical medication and prevent infection.
ChemInform Abstract: Photochemical Nitration by Tetranitromethane. Part 19. The Competitive Reactions of Trinitromethanide and Nitrogen Dioxide with Radical Cations and Their Use for Selective Nitrations (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A Randomized, Pilot Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Curcumin in Patients with Active Rheumatoid Arthritis (2012)

Curcumin is known to possess potent antiinflammatory and antiarthritic properties. This pilot clinical study evaluated the safety and effectiveness of curcumin alone, and in combination with diclofenac sodium in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Forty-five patients diagnosed with RA were randomized into three groups with patients receiving curcumin (500 mg) and diclofenac sodium (50 mg) alone or their combination. The primary endpoints were reduction in Disease Activity Score (DAS) 28. The secondary endpoints included American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria for reduction in tenderness and swelling of joint scores. Patients in all three treatment groups showed statistically significant changes in their DAS scores. Interestingly, the curcumin group showed the highest percentage of improvement in overall DAS and ACR scores (ACR 20, 50 and 70) and these scores were significantly better than the patients in the diclofenac sodium group. More importantly, curcumin treatment was found to be safe and did not relate with any adverse events. Our study provides the first evidence for the safety and superiority of curcumin treatment in patients with active RA, and highlights the need for future large-scale trials to validate these findings in patients with RA and other arthritic conditions.