gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cross-talk between Thyroid Hormone Receptor and Liver X Receptor Regulatory Pathways Is Revealed in a Thyroid Hormone Resistance Mouse Model (2005)

Hypercholesterolemia is found in patients with hypothyroidism and resistance to thyroid hormone. In this study, we examined cholesterol metabolism in a thyroid hormone receptor beta (TR-beta) mutant mouse model of resistance to thyroid hormone. Whereas studies of cholesterol metabolism have been reported in TR-beta knock-out mice, generalized expression of a non-ligand binding TR-beta protein in this knock-in model more fully recapitulates the hypothyroid state, because the hypothyroid effect of TRs is mediated by the unliganded receptor. In the hypothyroid state, a high cholesterol diet increased serum cholesterol levels in wild-type animals (WT) but either did not change or reduced levels in mutant (MUT) mice relative to hypothyroidism alone. 7alpha-Hydroxylase (CYP7A1) is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol metabolism and mRNA levels were undetectable in the hypothyroid state in all animals. triiodothyronine replacement restored CYP7A1 mRNA levels in WT mice but had minimal effect in MUT mice. In contrast, a high cholesterol diet markedly induced CYP7A1 levels in MUT but not WT mice in the hypothyroid state. Elevation of CYP7A1 mRNA levels and reduced hepatic cholesterol content in MUT animals are likely because of cross-talk between TR-beta and liver X receptor alpha (LXR-alpha), which both bind to a direct repeat + 4 (DR+4) element in the CYP7A1 promoter. In transfection studies, WT but not MUT TR-beta antagonized induction of this promoter by LXR-alpha. Electromobility shift analysis revealed that LXR/RXR heterodimers bound to the DR+4 element in the presence of MUT but not WT TR-beta. A mechanism for cross-talk, and potential antagonism, between TR-beta and LXR-alpha is proposed.
User interface evaluation of a direct manipulation temporal visual query language (1997)

As new query interfaces emerge for accessing multimedia data, formal user studies are needed to evaluate the usability of such interfaces. In this paper, we present results from a user interface evaluation of our temporal visual query language (TVQL). TVQL is a novel direct manipulation query interface for specifying temporal relationship queries over temporal events such as video data. In our user study, we compare TVQL to a forms-based temporal query language (TForms). Our results indicate that while subjects took longer to learn TVQL than TForrns, they were more efficient and more accurate in specifying temporal queries with the TVQL interface than with the TForms interface.
Progress in the development of a 2D Feature Selective Validation (FSV) method (2008)

The feature selective validation (FSV) technique is becoming a favored approach to quantifying the comparison of numerical and / or experimental data for validation purposes. It is a heuristic approach and, therefore, has scope for developments, enhancements and refinements from researchers particularly interested in formal validation, particularly of computational electromagnetics. One area that is clearly ripe for development is in extending the current dasiaFSVpsila FSV approach to two or more independent axes, for example to compare surface currents over a whole body. As the central tenet of FSV is to mirror the perceptions of a group of experts, higher levels of dimensionality provide substantial challenges for calibration. However, a first step in this development is gaining experience and understanding of the quantification of multidimensional data. Building on previous work, this paper concludes with a set of recommendations for the full development of two dimensional FSV.
Genetic differentiation between Kenyan Redneck, Zimbabwean Blue and South African Black Ostriches (2012)

The three ostrich breeds are currently available for use by the South African ostrich industry, namely the South African Black (SAB), Zimbabwean Blue (ZB) and the Kenyan Redneck (KR). According to Dr Mike Jarvis, these differ phenotypically from each other in terms of height, size, and skin colour. The ZB (125 kg) and KR (135 kg) reaches heavier live weights than the SAB breed (115 kg), while other reports suggest that the ZB maintains a lower reproductive performance than the SAB.
Cancer and developmental exposure to endocrine disruptors. (2002)

Developing organisms have increased susceptibility to cancer if they are exposed to environmental toxicants during rapid growth and differentiation. Human studies have demonstrated clear increases in cancer after prenatal exposure to ionizing radiation, and there is suggestive evidence that brain tumors and leukemia are associated with parental exposures to chemicals. Animal experiments have demonstrated increased tumor formation induced by prenatal or neonatal exposure to a variety of chemicals, including direct-acting carcinogens and drugs. Recently, natural estrogens have been classified as known human carcinogens. Prenatal exposure to natural and synthetic estrogens is associated with increases in breast and vaginal tumors in humans as well as uterine tumors in animals. Synthetic halogenated chemicals increase liver tumors after early life-stage exposure. Recently, a prototypical endocrine-disrupting compound, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, has been shown to be a developmental toxicant of the mammary gland in rodents. Dioxin alters multiple endocrine systems, and its effects on the developing breast involve delayed proliferation and differentiation of the mammary gland, as well as an elongation of the window of sensitivity to potential carcinogens. Implications of these new findings suggest that causes of endocrine-related cancers or susceptibility to cancer may be a result of developmental exposures rather than exposures existing at or near the time of tumor detection.
Measurement and SPICE prediction of sub-picosecond clock jitter in A/D converters (2003)

We propose an innovative characterization technique that allows us to discriminate noise contributions due to jitter from other phenomena (voltage reference and substrate noise, high-amplitude effects) in A-to-D converters. The jitter estimated with this method closely matches that inferred from the signal-to-noise ratio at high input frequencies, where noise is dominated by the aperture uncertainty. At the sub-picosecond level required for the 14-b high-IF ADC under test, any off-chip disturbances substantially affect the accuracy of the measurement. In order to characterize the uncertainty, first the phase noise spectrum of the external clock source is measured and converted into jitter by way of a rigorous formula. Then, the timing ambiguity associated with the on-chip clock pre-amplification and distribution circuitry is simulated via standard Spice techniques, providing results in agreement with experimental evidence. The paper provides tools to isolate the main noise sources in the clock circuit, and optimize it for low jitter in the early simulation phase. Moreover, it arms the designer with a robust yet easy experimental method to assess the jitter value, and interpret the SNR data gathered from test silicon.
Rate-Loss Mitigation for a Millimeter-Wave Beamspace MIMO Lens Antenna Array System Using a Hybrid Beam Selection Scheme (2020)

The rate loss is an important issue in multiuser beamspace multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) millimeter-wave systems. In such systems, multicluster channel propagation results in quantization error (QE), and consequently, each active user suffers a significant rate loss. A conventional single beam selection (SBS) scheme is used in an equivalent beamspace MIMO channel to reduce the number of radio frequency (RF) chains required. However, this scheme does not properly mitigate the QE due to the limited number of channel propagation clusters per user. In addition, optimally selected RF chains are operated at the same number of precoded data streams. As a result, each active user inherently loses a huge number of data streams when utilizing the conventional SBS scheme. Therefore, we propose a novel hybrid beam selection scheme in an equivalent beamspace MIMO channel to enable multiple beam group selection and to achieve a reliable channel cluster for every active user, which directly aids in the mitigation of the QE. The numerical result is verified using computer simulations in a millimeter-wave MIMO downlink channel environment.
Propagation of a realistic magnetar jet through binary neutron star merger medium and implications for short gamma-ray bursts (2022)

The origin of short gamma-ray bursts (sGRBs) is associated with outflows powered by the remnant of a binary neutron star merger. This remnant can be either a black hole or a highly magnetized, fastly spinning neutron star, also known as a magnetar. Here, we present the results of two relativistic magnetohydrodynamical (RMHD) simulations aimed at investigating the large-scale dynamics and propagation of magnetar collimated outflows through the medium surrounding the remnant. The first simulation evolves a realistic jet by injecting external simulation data, while the second evolves an analytical model jet with similar properties for comparison. We find that both outflows remain collimated and successfully emerge through the static medium surrounding the remnant. However, they fail to attain relativistic velocities and only reach a mean maximum speed of ~0.7c for the realistic jet, and ~0.6c for the analytical jet. We also find that the realistic jet has a much more complex structure. The lack of highly relativistic speeds, that makes these jets unsuitable as short GRB sources, is due to numerical limitations and not general to all possible magnetar outflows. A jet like the one we study, however, could give rise to or augment a blue kilonova component. In addition, it would make the propagation of a relativistic jet easier, should one be launched after the neutron star collapses into a black hole.
Weighted delay-and-sum beamforming guided by visual tracking for\n human-robot interaction (2019)

This paper describes the integration of weighted delay-and-sum beamforming\nwith speech source localization using image processing and robot head visual\nservoing for source tracking. We take into consideration the fact that the\ndirectivity gain provided by the beamforming depends on the angular distance\nbetween its main lobe and the main response axis of the microphone array. A\nvisual servoing scheme is used to reduce the angular distance between the\ncenter of the video frame of a robot camera and a target object. Additionally,\nthe beamforming strategy presented combines two information sources: the\ndirection of the target object obtained with image processing and the audio\nsignals provided by a microphone array. These sources of information were\nintegrated by making use of a weighted delay-and-sum beamforming method.\nExperiments were carried out with a real mobile robotic testbed built with a\nPR2 robot. Static and dynamic robot head as well as the use of one and two\nexternal noise sources were considered. The results presented here show that\nthe appropriate integration of visual source tracking with visual servoing and\na beamforming method can lead to a reduction in WER as high as 34% compared to\nbeamforming alone.\n
Evidence of preferential π-stacking: a study of intermolecular and intramolecular charge transfer complexes (2010)

Nine combinations of pi-electron donors and acceptors were examined by UV-vis, fluorescence and (1)H-NMR spectroscopy to identify pi-stacked charge transfer complexes in macromolecular and supramolecular constructs. The high association constant of pyrene and naphthalene diimide suggests a preferentially pi-stacking pair rationalized by frontier orbital congruence.
The influence of surface inhomogeneities on deep electromagnetic soundings of the Earth (1987)

Asymptotic expressions for components of the electromagnetic field of a grounded electric dipole are considered for the model consisting of a thin surface-layer overlapping a stratified medium with a highly resistive screen on the roof. It is shown that the method of spatial derivatives makes it possible to obtain proper estimates of the impedance at distances of r , lhol from the nearest edge of the surface anomaly (IXo I being the effective depth of the field penetration in the underlying section). The magnetotelluric methods allow one to obtain the true values of impedance, provided r s max {lhol, lF/(S-' + Z, 11' 2} where S is the integrated conductivity of the surface layer, F i s the transverse resistance of the screen, and& is the Tikhonov-Cagniard impedance for the medium underlying the surface layer.
Diversification by Clauses Deletion Strategies in Portfolio Parallel SAT Solving (2014)

Conflict based clause learning is known to be an important component in Modern SAT solving. Because of the exponential blow up of the size of learnt clauses database, maintaining a relevant and polynomially bounded set of learnt clauses is crucial for the efficiency of clause learning based SAT solvers. In this paper, we first compare several criteria for selecting the most relevant learnt clauses with a simple random selection strategy. We then propose new criteria allowing us to select relevant clauses w.r.t. A given search state. Then, we use such strategies as a means to diversify the search in a portfolio based parallel solver. An experimental evaluation comparing the classical Many SAT solver with the one augmented with multiple deletion strategies, shows the interest of such approach.
Diagnosing phaeochromocytoma/paraganglioma in a patient presenting with critical illness: biochemistry versus imaging (2015)

Phaeochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) are revealed by acute cardiovascular complications involving end-organ damage in up to 20% of cases, a presentation associated with particularly high risk for mortality. Among such cases, PPGLs should be considered in patients with unexplained left ventricular failure, multi-organ failure, hypertensive crises or shock. The diagnosis of PPGL commonly relies on measurements of metanephrines in plasma or urine. However, acute critical illness is usually associated with sympathoadrenal activation. Thus, levels of metanephrines in patients in an acute emergency or intensive care setting, whether treated or not with vasoactive drugs, usually cannot be used to reliably diagnose PPGL. Delays in provision of diagnostic test results, particularly when these require 24-h urine collections, may also be incompatible for any need for rapid decisions on patient management or therapeutic interventions. The acute emergency situation therefore represents one exception to the rule where imaging studies to search for a PPGL may be undertaken without biochemical evidence of a catecholamine-producing tumour.
Monometallic and heterobimetallic azanickellacycles as ethylene polymerization catalysts (2005)

The azanickellacyclic complex (1) produced by trimerization of an isocyanide on the nickel atom is found to be a new ethylene polymerization catalyst; catalytic activity is increased by incorporation of the second metal to a diimino moiety of 1 leading to formation of heterobimetallic complexes.
Figure S4 from Integrated, Longitudinal Analysis of Cell-free DNA in Uveal Melanoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure 4&lt;/p&gt;
Index policies for discounted bandit problems with availability constraints (2008)

A multiarmed bandit problem is studied when the arms are not always available. The arms are first assumed to be intermittently available with some state/action-dependent probabilities. It is proven that no index policy can attain the maximum expected total discounted reward in every instance of that problem. The Whittle index policy is derived, and its properties are studied. Then it is assumed that the arms may break down, but repair is an option at some cost, and the new Whittle index policy is derived. Both problems are indexable. The proposed index policies cannot be dominated by any other index policy over all multiarmed bandit problems considered here. Whittle indices are evaluated for Bernoulli arms with unknown success probabilities.
Hypoglossal Nerve Abnormalities as Biomarkers for Central Nervous System Defects in Mouse Lines Producing Embryonically Lethal Offspring (2021)

An essential step in researching human central nervous system (CNS) disorders is the search for appropriate mouse models that can be used to investigate both genetic and environmental factors underlying the etiology of such conditions. Identification of murine models relies upon detailed pre- and post-natal phenotyping since profound defects are not only the result of gross malformations but can be the result of small or subtle morphological abnormalities. The difficulties in identifying such defects are compounded by the finding that many mouse lines show quite a variable penetrance of phenotypes. As a result, without analysis of large numbers, such phenotypes are easily missed. Indeed for null mutations, around one-third have proved to be pre- or perinatally lethal, their analysis resting entirely upon phenotyping of accessible embryonic stages.To simplify the identification of potentially useful mouse mutants, we have conducted three-dimensional phenotype analysis of approximately 500 homozygous null mutant embryos, produced from targeting a variety of mouse genes and harvested at embryonic day 14.5 as part of the "Deciphering the Mechanisms of Developmental Disorders" www.dmdd.org.uk program. We have searched for anatomical features that have the potential to serve as biomarkers for CNS defects in such genetically modified lines. Our analysis identified two promising biomarker candidates. Hypoglossal nerve (HGN) abnormalities (absent, thin, and abnormal topology) and abnormal morphology or topology of head arteries are both frequently associated with the full spectrum of morphological CNS defects, ranging from exencephaly to more subtle defects such as abnormal nerve cell migration. Statistical analysis confirmed that HGN abnormalities (especially those scored absent or thin) indeed showed a significant correlation with CNS defect phenotypes. These results demonstrate that null mutant lines showing HGN abnormalities are also highly likely to produce CNS defects whose identification may be difficult as a result of morphological subtlety or low genetic penetrance.
<title>New device for interactive image-guided surgery</title> (1991)

Stereotactic neurosurgery is a technique in which a rigid frame is applied to the patient''s head and pre-operative images acquired. Because the frame and the lesion are visible in the images, the lesion can be located relative to the frame. Devices may then be attached to the frame to direct surgical instruments to the lesion. Conventional stereotactic neurosurgery remains a point by point process, conceptually little changed from the original devices which were designed for use with pneumoencephalograms. The exponential rise in the amount of available imaging information over the past 15 years has not been matched by intrasurgical applications. A new device will be presented which allows the intrasurgical position and trajectory to be displayed on preoperative images. This device has sub-millimetric accuracy and precision and is limited only by the image voxel size. The device can use both CT and MRI image sets concurrently or exclusively. Applications include surgical planning, biopsy, bone flap location and intracranial localization. Both phantom and clinical procedures will be shown.
Biomasse : les enjeux pour l’avenir de la chimie du carbone (2018)

International audience
Differential Expression of miRNAs and Behavioral Change in the Cuprizone-Induced Demyelination Mouse Model (2020)

The demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system involve myelin abnormalities, oligodendrocyte damage, and consequent glia activation. Neurotoxicant cuprizone (CPZ) was used to establish a mouse model of demyelination. However, the effects of CPZ on microRNA (miRNA) expression and behavior have not been clearly reported. We analyzed the behavior of mice administered a diet containing 0.2% CPZ for 6 weeks, followed by 6 weeks of recovery. Rotarod analysis demonstrated that the treated group had poorer motor coordination than control animals. This effect was reversed after 6 weeks of CPZ withdrawal. Open-field tests showed that CPZ-treated mice exhibited significantly increased anxiety and decreased exploratory behavior. CPZ-induced demyelination was observed to be alleviated after 4 weeks of CPZ treatment, according to luxol fast blue (LFB) staining and myelin basic protein (MBP) expression. miRNA expression profiling showed that the expression of 240 miRNAs was significantly changed in CPZ-fed mice compared with controls. Furthermore, miR-155-5p and miR-20a-5p upregulations enhanced NgR induction through Smad 2 and Smad 4 suppression in demyelination. Taken together, our results demonstrate that CPZ-mediated demyelination induces behavioral deficits with apparent alterations in miRNA expression, suggesting that differences in miRNA expression in vivo may be new potential therapeutic targets for remyelination.
Composites with Macroporous Poly(vinyl alcohol) Cryogels with Attached Activated Carbon Microparticles with Controlled Accessibility of a Surface (2012)

A set of glutaraldehyde (GA) cross-linked poly(vinyl alcohol)/activated carbon (PVA/GA/AC) composites prepared in the form of monolithic rods using a cryogelation technique and studied using adsorption, mercury porosimetry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and quantum chemistry methods display porosity similar to that of PVA/GA cryogel at a high GA content (content ratio GA/AC = 1 and GA/PVA = 0.2). GA cross-linked PVA multilayer coverage is an effective barrier for adsorption on AC particles. Variations in surface chemistry (AC initial and oxidized in air at 300 °C for 12 h) and content (14-62.5%w/w) of ACs in PVA/GA/AC composites relatively weakly affect their textural characteristics at a high GA content (specific surface area S(BET) < 120 m²/g, pore volume V(p) < 0.35 cm³/g). However, PVA/GA/AC composite rods formed with a lower concentration of GA (content ratio GA/AC = 1/6 and GA/PVA = 1/10) have significantly greater S(BET) (∼500 m²/g) and V(p) (>0.55 cm³/g) values because of improved accessibility of the AC surface. This provides better adsorption of methylene blue as a probe compound.
Low-dose leptin reverses skeletal muscle, autonomic, and neuroendocrine adaptations to maintenance of reduced weight (2005)

Maintenance of a reduced body weight is accompanied by decreased energy expenditure that is due largely to increased skeletal muscle work efficiency. In addition, decreased sympathetic nervous system tone and circulating concentrations of leptin, thyroxine, and triiodothyronine act coordinately to favor weight regain. These "weight-reduced" phenotypes are similar to those of leptin-deficient humans and rodents. We examined metabolic, autonomic, and neuroendocrine phenotypes in 10 inpatient subjects (5 males, 5 females [3 never-obese, 7 obese]) under 3 sets of experimental conditions: (a) maintaining usual weight by ingesting a liquid formula diet; (b) maintaining a 10% reduced weight by ingesting a liquid formula diet; and (c) receiving twice-daily subcutaneous doses of leptin sufficient to restore 8 am circulating leptin concentrations to pre-weight-loss levels and remaining on the same liquid formula diet required to maintain a 10% reduced weight. During leptin administration, energy expenditure, skeletal muscle work efficiency, sympathetic nervous system tone, and circulating concentrations of thyroxine and triiodothyronine returned to pre-weight-loss levels. These responses suggest that the weight-reduced state may be regarded as a condition of relative leptin insufficiency. Prevention of weight regain might be achievable by strategies relevant to reversing this leptin-insufficient state.