gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Headspace and Oxygen Level on Off-gas Emissions from Wood Pellets in Storage (2009)

Few papers have been published in the open literature on the emissions from biomass fuels, including wood pellets, during the storage and transportation and their potential health impacts. The purpose of this study is to provide data on the concentrations, emission factors, and emission rate factors of CO(2), CO, and CH(4) from wood pellets stored with different headspace to container volume ratios with different initial oxygen levels, in order to develop methods to reduce the toxic off-gas emissions and accumulation in storage spaces. Metal containers (45 l, 305 mm diameter by 610 mm long) were used to study the effect of headspace and oxygen levels on the off-gas emissions from wood pellets. Concentrations of CO(2), CO, and CH(4) in the headspace were measured using a gas chromatograph as a function of storage time. The results showed that the ratio of the headspace ratios and initial oxygen levels in the storage space significantly affected the off-gas emissions from wood pellets stored in a sealed container. Higher peak emission factors and higher emission rates are associated with higher headspace ratios. Lower emissions of CO(2) and CO were generated at room temperature under lower oxygen levels, whereas CH(4) emission is insensitive to the oxygen level. Replacing oxygen with inert gases in the storage space is thus a potentially effective method to reduce the biomass degradation and toxic off-gas emissions. The proper ventilation of the storage space can also be used to maintain a high oxygen level and low concentrations of toxic off-gassing compounds in the storage space, which is especially useful during the loading and unloading operations to control the hazards associated with the storage and transportation of wood pellets.
Applying Data‐Independent Acquisition Mass Spectrometry on Cerebrospinal Fluid Samples from a Neurology Clinic for Biomarker Discovery in Alzheimer’s Disease (2022)

Abstract Background Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) primarily relies on cognitive assessments combined with imaging and limited fluid biomarkers. These biomarkers do not correlate with cognitive prognosis. Analysis of larger sets of biomarkers could improve diagnosis and prognosis of AD and differentiate between comorbid pathophysiologies, and measure treatment efficacy. Here, we report analysis of a Data‐independent Acquisition (DIA) mass‐spectrometry method used to simultaneously quantify hundreds of proteins in a large‐scale patient cohort. We aim to define markers that are able to stratify and diagnose AD in this clinically complex cohort. Method Samples from 408 patients spanning various dementia diagnoses were collected from the Massachusetts General Hospital Lumbar Puncture clinic. The patient cohort consisted of ATN‐verified cognitively‐unimpaired (n = 81), mild‐cognitive impairment from AD (n = 116), mild‐cognitive impairment from other causes (n = 78), dementia from AD (n = 65) and dementia from other causes (n = 31). Samples were analyzed on an Orbitrap Fusion using a DIA method and raw files were searched using Scaffold‐DIA. Result Analyses of the method’s technical performance showed a median intrabatch CV of 24.7% which decreased to 17.5% after filtering for peptides expressed in 95% of all samples. The mean interbatch CV was 73.7% which reduced to 28.8% after ComBat batch‐correction. After filtering for missing values and selecting only the peptides with a mean intrabatch CV below 25%, our dataset consists of 1761 unique peptide sequences belonging to 516 proteins. To determine the differential abundance of peptides we fit a linear regression model to the data. 572 peptides were found to be differentially abundant across all diagnoses compared to AD (padj &lt; 0.05). 11 of these peptides belonging to 5 proteins (PKM, ALDOA, GUAD, BASP1 and CH3L1) were differentially abundant between AD and all non‐AD diagnoses, suggesting specificity for AD. PKM and ALDOA, are involved in regulation of balance between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, potentially indicating a shift in brain metabolism in AD. Conclusion Technically robust unbiased mass‐spectrometry can highlight novel AD specific biomarkers which may reflect pathophysiological processes key to AD progression.
Secure distributed DNS (2004)

A correctly working domain name system (DNS) is essential for the Internet. Due to its significance and because of deficiencies in its current design, the DNS is vulnerable to a wide range of attacks. This paper presents the design and implementation of a secure distributed name service on the level of a DNS zone. Our service is able to provide fault tolerance and security even in the presence of a fraction of corrupted name servers, avoiding any single point of failure. It further solves the problem of storing zone secrets online without leaking them to a corrupted server, while still supporting secure dynamic updates. Our service uses state-machine replication and threshold cryptography. We present results from experiments performed using a prototype implementation on the Internet in realistic setups. The results show that our design achieves the required assurances while servicing the most frequent requests in reasonable time.
Replication and consistency (1997)

The issue of data replication is considered in the context of a restricted system model motivated by certain distributed data-warehousing applications. A new replica management protocol is defined for this model in which gIobaI serializability is ensured, while message overhead and deadlock frequency are less than in previously published work. The advantages of the protocol arise from its use of a lazy approach to update of secondary copies of replicated data and the use of a new concept, virtual sites, to reduce the potential for conflict among global transactions.
ChemInform Abstract: STEREO‐ AND REGIO‐SPECIFICITY IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS PROMOTED BY METAL IONS (1979)

Abstract Review: Bericht über einen Vortrag, der auf dem "26th International Congress of Pure and Applied Chemistry" in Tokyo v. 4.9.
”Socioeconomics” Issue of Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review (2004)

Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review: December 2004 - Volume 12 - Issue 4 - p 209 doi: 10.1097/01.jsa.0000142994.46930.42
Antiradical and Cytoprotective Activities of Several C-Geranyl-substituted Flavanones from Paulownia tomentosa Fruit (2010)

Antiradical and cytoprotective activities of several flavanones isolated from Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Steud. (Scrophulariaceae) have been evaluated using different in vitro and in vivo methods. The capacity of flavanones to scavenge radicals was measured in vitro by means of DPPH and ABTS assays, the inhibition of hydroxyl radicals produced in Fenton reactions, FRAP, scavenging superoxide radicals using enzymatic and nonenzymatic assays and the inhibition of peroxynitrite-induced nitration of tyrosine. The in vivo testing involved measuring the cytoprotective effect of chosen flavanones against alloxan-induced diabetes in mice. The activity of tested compounds was expressed either as a Trolox® equivalent or was compared with rutin or morine as known antioxidant compounds. The highest activity in most tests was observed for diplacone and 3´-O-methyl-5´-hydroxydiplacone, and the structure vs. the antioxidant activity relationship of geranyl or prenyl-substituted flavonoids with different substitutions at the B and C ring was discussed.
Considerations about the use of the Moon in X-band antenna G/T measurements (2017)

The most common G/T quality factor measurement methods applicable for operational X-band parabolic antennas with a reflector aperture diameter between 7 and 13m have been reviewed. Analysis have shown that the most adequate RF source for the G/T measurement of the antennas of interest is the Moon. Since Moon’s angular diameter is wider than the antenna’s Half Power Beam Width (HPBW), a thorough analysis of the extended source size correction factor was performed. As a result, an efficient correction factor approximation method which is more accurate in case of efficiency losses was identified, and a best-fit estimation method for the HPBW verification has been introduced. The proposed G/T quality factor measurement procedure has been verified on an operational X-band 11 meter Cassegrain antenna, used for Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite data acquisition. The results obtained with the proposed method, have provided accurate G/T factor estimations that are consistent and in line with the expectations. As further confirmation, the validity of the measurement method results was also verified against a G/T measurement done with the Cassiopeia A radio star as an RF source.
Cooperative Transmission Protocols for Wireless Broadcast Channels (2010)

In this paper, cooperative transmission protocols are proposed for wireless broadcast channels, a fundamental building block of wireless communication networks. The concepts of cognitive radio and precoding have been introduced to broadcast channels in order to improve system performance. Information theoretic metrics, such as outage probability and diversity-multiplexing tradeoff, are developed to facilitate performance evaluation. In the absence of direct S-D links, the proposed protocols can achieve a multiplexing gain close to one, whereas the traditional two-hop scheme only achieves a diversity gain of 1/2. In the presence of direct S-D links, the proposed protocol can still outperform the comparable scheme, particularly at high multiplexing gains. Regarding to the channel state information (CSI) assumptions, in the absence of direct S-D links, the source does not need to know CSI, but it is assumed that the relays have access to their own incoming and outgoing channel information. In the presence of direct S-D links, the use of precoding requires an extra assumption that the global CSI is available at the source.
Complex open-system design by quasi-agents (2009)

Drastically increasing involvement of Computer Science in different aspects of human life and sciences and the reciprocal dependency these sciences have developed on Computer Science and technology have deployed extremely challenging grounds for software architecture and design as a discipline. The requirements related to the management of complexity which is in the essence of these new domains combined with sizes which are orders of magnitude larger than the conventional business applications necessitate development of new paradigms. Since we are in fact beyond the age of writing one program by one group which takes care of one type of issue for one class of users, the new paradigms should guarantee some type of technical pluralism which allows indefinite number of people addressing indefinite aspects of complex clusters of issues in an ongoing effort over indefinite amount of time. The technical basis should provide for easy and ideally automated integration of all such efforts. This means the capability of random program design and integration based on a supporting and unifying conceptual framework. In contributing to these principles, Nuclear-Process Oriented Analysis and Modeling (NPOAM) [3] presented the capability of random modeling and design while establishing itself on the supporting framework of Abstraction-oriented Frames [4]. In an ongoing research to further modularize and streamline this methodology, this paper presents the idea and method of application of NPOAM to agent-base systems. The accomplishment of this goal is substantiated through a double implementation effort, one in an agent simulation environment and the other through the use of industrial strength modeling and application development tools. This paper also extends the agent-oriented framework to propose a new concept named "quasi-agents" which is essentially related to mostly deterministic environments and offers examples of quasi-agents in implementation.
Fast and Bounded Probabilistic Collision Detection in Dynamic Environments for High-DOF Trajectory Planning (2016)

We present a novel approach to perform probabilistic collision detection between a high-DOF robot and high-DOF obstacles in dynamic, uncertain environments. In dynamic environments with a high-DOF robot and moving obstacles, our approach efficiently computes accurate collision probability between the robot and obstacles with upper error bounds. Furthermore, we describe a prediction algorithm for future obstacle position and motion that accounts for both spatial and temporal uncertainties. We present a trajectory optimization algorithm for high-DOF robots in dynamic, uncertain environments based on probabilistic collision detection. We highlight motion planning performance in challenging scenarios with robot arms operating in environments with dynamically moving human obstacles.
Immune-Stimulatory Dinucleotide at the 5′-End of Oligodeoxynucleotides Is Critical for TLR9-Mediated Immune Responses (2013)

Oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) containing a CpG or certain synthetic dinucleotides, referred to as immune-stimulatory dinucleotides, induce Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9)-mediated immune responses. Chemical modifications such as 2'-O-methylribonucleotides incorporated adjacent to the immune-stimulatory dinucleotide on the 5'-side abrogate TLR9-mediated immune responses. In this study, we evaluated the effect of the location of immune-stimulatory dinucleotides in ODNs on TLR9-mediated immune responses. We designed and synthesized ODNs with two immune-stimulatory dinucleotides, one placed toward the 5'-end region and the other toward the 3'-end region, incorporated 2'-O-methylribonucleotides selectively preceding the 5'- or 3'-immune-stimulatory dinucleotide or both, and studied TLR9-mediated immune responses of these compounds in cell-based assays and in vivo in mice. These studies showed that an immune-stimulatory dinucleotide located closer to the 5'-end is critical for and dictates TLR9-mediated immune responses. These studies provide insights for the use of ODNs when employed as TLR9 agonists and antagonists or antisense agents.
Multiple Measures of Carcinoma Extent Versus Perineural Invasion in Prostate Needle Biopsy Tissue in Prediction of Pathologic Stage in a Screening Population (2003)

The capacity of perineural invasion by carcinoma in prostate needle biopsy tissue to independently predict pathologic stage in radical prostatectomy tissues remains uncertain. We sought to determine, in a prostate specific antigen-based screening population, the ability of needle biopsy histologic grade, tumor extent, and perineural invasion to independently predict pathologic stage and margin status in the whole prostate gland. Perineural invasion, Gleason grade, percentage Gleason pattern 4/5 carcinoma, and multiple measures of needle biopsy tumor extent, including number of positive cores, percentage of positive cores, total percentage of carcinoma, greatest percentage of carcinoma in a single core, and total carcinoma length in millimeters, were captured for 215 men from a prostate specific antigen-based screening program diagnosed with prostate cancer in a median of six procured needle biopsy cores. Pathologic stage and surgical margin status were evaluated in corresponding completely embedded radical prostatectomy specimens. A logistic regression model was used to relate the endpoints of extraprostatic extension by carcinoma and/or positive margins to needle biopsy tissue findings. In univariate analyses, total percentage of carcinoma (p = 0.003), greatest percentage of carcinoma in a single core (p = 0.004), total tumor length in millimeters (p = 0.009), and fraction of positive cores (p = 0.02) were all significantly associated with extraprostatic (pT3) carcinoma, whereas all five measures of carcinoma extent in needle biopsy tissue were related to positive margins. Correlation coefficient determinations showed that all five measures of needle biopsy carcinoma extent were highly interrelated. In multivariate analyses, total percentage of carcinoma was significantly related to pathologic T stage (p = 0.003) and positive margins (p = 0.0002). In a multivariate model with the radical prostatectomy whole gland endpoint of either pT3 disease or positive margins, fraction of positive cores (p = 0.00001) was the only variable with significant predictive value. Perineural invasion by carcinoma in needle biopsy tissue was detected in 11% of cases. Neither presence nor absence of perineural carcinoma nor number nor percentage of positive nerves related to pathologic stage in univariate or multivariate analyses. Amount of carcinoma in prostate needle biopsy tissue, using multiple measurements but not perineural invasion, is a significant histologic attribute predictive of pathologic stage and margin status for men with prostate specific antigen screening detected prostatic carcinoma. Reporting of several measures of carcinoma extent in needle biopsy tissue is recommended.
Bioavailability of three oral dosage forms of cisapride, a gastrointestinal stimulant agent. (1987)

Relative bioavailability of the investigational gastrointestinal stimulant agent cisapride after oral administration was determined in healthy men. Treatments administered were (A) two 5-mg tablets; (B) one 10-mg tablet; (C) 10 mL of a 1-mg/mL suspension; and (D) 10 mL of a 1-mg/mL aqueous reference solution. The study had a randomized four-way, crossover design; drug administration was followed by a standard breakfast. Plasma cisapride concentrations in blood samples drawn over 48 hours were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Individual and mean values for bioavailability parameters were subjected to analysis of variance followed by multiple comparison testing. Time to maximum concentration was shortest after administration of the solution. There was a significant difference in mean peak plasma concentrations between treatment A (48.8 +/- 12.8 ng/mL) and treatment D (41.6 +/- 10.6 ng/mL), with treatment A producing a 17.3% higher peak concentration. No significant differences between treatments were found for area under the plasma concentration-time curve. The overall mean elimination half-life was 7.01 hours. The results of the study indicate that the tablet and suspension dosage forms of cisapride are bioequivalent to the reference solution.
<title>Parameter-based time domain design of wave-absorbing controllers for flexible structures using piezoelectric transducers</title> (1996)

This paper presents a parameter based form of a wave absorbing controller (WAC) in the time domain. The controller is applied to a flexible structure with the piezoceramic transducers bonded onto it. A distributed piezosensor gives the moment rate of the wave absorbing region as an output current. This current is then fed back to a piezoceramic actuator, resulting in a wave absorbing controller. The controller is originally designed in the frequency domain by minimization of the ratio of total output to total input wave amplitudes. Although the controller performance appears satisfactory in the frequency domain, its time domain behavior is of interest for overall performance evaluation. However, the wave absorbing method usually produces controllers which are difficult to realize in practice. In order to study the behavior of the controller and closed loop system in the time domain, and also to address these realization issues, we introduce a method of approximation of the controller enabling it to be represented in a simple form. Frequency domain comparison of system performance under the original controller and this approximation demonstrates the accuracy of the latter. The system is then studied in the time domain, showing that this novel wave absorbing controller is effective and can be easily implemented in practice. The main contribution of this paper is the introduction of a new controller for flexible structures, based on the wave absorbing method (WAM), which depends on only system parameters, i.e., E, I, (rho) , and natural frequencies. Therefore, rather than the usual controller design based on dynamic model (such as LQR) for obtaining control gains, these gains can be easily calculated from a simple formula based only on the mechanical parameters of the flexible structure.
The Solid Mandala (1966)

This is the story of two people living one life. Arthur and Waldo Brown were born twins and destined never to grow away from each other. They spent their childhood together. Their youth together. Middle-age together. Retirement together. They even shared the same girl. They shared everything - except their view of things. Waldo, with his intelligence, saw everything and understood little. Arthur was the fool who didn't bother to look. He understood.
Crowdsensing and Vehicle-Based Sensing (2016)

Improvements in terms of smart device capabilities and of communication technologies allowed crowdsensing solutions to emerge as a powerful strategy to revolutionize environment sensing, becoming one of the key elements of future smart cities. In particular, smartphones, smartwatches, and other personal gadgets are now endowed not only with significant computing power and different wireless interfaces, but also with an increasing number of sensors able to provide useful information about the user environment, especially when the user is moving around a city. If vehicular mobility is adopted, the sensing capabilities can be further increased by connecting smart devices to vehicles using the On Board Diagnostic Interface (OBD-II) or provided directly by smart vehicles through vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) or vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications. In the future, with the gradual introduction of autonomous vehicles and unmanned aerial vehicles, many more sensing alternatives are expected....
Analytical Study of Broadcast in Mobile Adhoc Network (2011)

Mobile Adhoc Network (MANET) is a set of self-configuring mobile hosts, equipped with a CSMA/CA (carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance) transceiver, that may communicate, move freely independently and any time without any base station support. The broadcasting is inevitable operation in MANET and commonly used for route discovering. The flooding technique used normally for broadcast leads to redundant rebroadcasting and causes Broadcast Storm problem. This paper analyses this problem and techniques reported to handle it briefly. These techniques control redundant messages, which in turn lessen channel contention, packet collision and other similar network related problems. In this paper broadcast overhead and link breakage due to broadcasting is analyzed comparatively over Dynamic MANET On-demand (DYMO) and Source Tree Adaptive Routing (STAR) protocols with varying mobility using Qualnet network simulator.