gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On-Line SEC-NMR Analysis of the Stereocomplex of Uniform Isotactic and Uniform Syndiotactic Poly(methyl methacrylate)s (2001)

Mixtures of uniform isotactic (it-) and uniform syndiotactic (st-) 46mers of methyl methacrylate (C234H378O92; molecular weight (M) = 4 663) in acetone/acetone-d6 at –15°C were analyzed by size exclusion chromatography coupled to 750 MHz 1H NMR spectroscopy (on-line SEC-NMR). Each SEC-NMR chromatogram of the mixtures showed two elution peaks corresponding to the stereocomplex and the dissociated 46mers. When a detection temperature (the temperature of the flow NMR cell) was adjusted to the column temperature of –15°C, SEC-NMR spectra of the stereocomplex showed significant broadening of resonances due to the restricted segmental mobility of polymer chains. On the other hand, a detection temperature of 45°C permitted us to observe the it- and st-sequences in the OCH3 and α-CH3 resonances as well-resolved signals. The st-/it-compositions of the stereocomplex were determined to be 1.61–1.94. Accordingly, at least two types of stereocomplexes with different compositions (e. g. st-/it- = 1/1 and 2/1) should coexist in the mixtures. Both the complexes with 1/1 (M = 9 326) and 2/1 (M = 13 989) compositions were suggested to have the hydrodynamic volumes corresponding to that of it-PMMA with M ≈ 7 000. Multivariate curve resolution was successfully applied to the post-analysis of the SEC-NMR experiments to extract component-resolved spectra of the complex and the dissociated 46mers.
Food as a source of health enhancing compounds. (2000)

Molecular nutrition is becoming an increasingly important scientific discipline of human nutrition. The systematic dissection of food into its molecular components followed by studying individual molecules in animal model systems and humans to investigate their nutritional and health benefits is evolving rapidly. The identification, production and marketing of these food-derived bioactives will not only have a significant impact on the development of new regimens for disease treatments but will lead the way into a new era of preventing or postponing the onset of severe chronic diseases. Sound scientific principles, rigorous clinical trials, and science-based regulatory processes will facilitate and help to define a new space in diet and dietary compound-based management of health and disease conditions. Key words: biotechnology; cholesterol; diet; food; functional foods; human nutrition; nutraceuticals; vascular health, vitalins. Our understanding of the biology of a diverse number of living species, ranging from microbes to humans and plants has grown tremendously during the last century and particularly during the last decade. Chemistry and genetics have provided a solid foundation for understanding the metabolic
Tunable PLGA‐Based Nanoparticles Synthesized Through Free‐Radical Polymerization (2012)

Abstract A new class of PLGA‐based materials suitable for the production of biodegradable NPs via free‐radical polymerization is proposed. ROP of lactide and glycolide using HEMA is carried out; macromonomers (HEMA‐L x G y A) with short PLGA chain ends are successfully produced. Afterwards, monomer‐starved semi‐batch emulsion polymerization of these HEMA‐L x G y A macromonomers is performed to obtain NPs with a low polydispersity index and a controlled size. The stability and degradability of NPs is confirmed from degradation studies that verify the possibility of tuning the degradation time by changing macromonomer characteristics such as chain length and composition. magnified image
Unmet Rehabilitation Needs after Traumatic Brain Injury across Europe: Results from the CENTER-TBI Study (2021)

This study aims to assess rehabilitation needs and provision of rehabilitation services for individuals with moderate-to-severe disability and investigate factors influencing the probability of receiving rehabilitation within six months after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Overall, the analyses included 1206 individuals enrolled in the CENTER-TBI study with severe-to-moderate disability. Impairments in five outcome domains (daily life activities, physical, cognition, speech/language, and psychological) and the use of respective rehabilitation services (occupational therapy, physiotherapy, cognitive and speech therapies, and psychological counselling) were recorded. Sociodemographic and injury-related factors were used to investigate the probability of receiving rehabilitation. Physiotherapy was the most frequently provided rehabilitation service, followed by speech and occupational therapy. Psychological counselling was the least frequently accessed service. The probability of receiving a rehabilitative intervention increased for individuals with greater brain injury severity (odds ratio (OR) 1.75, CI 95%: 1.27-2.42), physical (OR 1.92, CI 95%: 1.21-3.05) and cognitive problems (OR 4.00, CI 95%: 2.34-6.83) but decreased for individuals reporting psychological problems (OR 0.57, CI 95%: 1.21-3.05). The study results emphasize the need for more extensive prescription of rehabilitation services for individuals with disability. Moreover, targeted rehabilitation programs, which aim to improve outcomes, should specifically involve psychological services to meet the needs of individuals recovering from TBI.
Preferential expression of IGF-I in small DRG neurons and down-regulation following injury (2002)

In this study, we examined the expression of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and its receptor (IGF-IR) in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons in two rodent models of nerve injury: sciatic nerve axotomy and streptozotocin-induced (STZ) painful diabetic neuropathy. We demonstrate that IGF-I and its receptor are preferentially expressed in small (< 25 microm diameter) DRG neurons. There is a significant down-regulation in the expression of IGF-I and IGF-IR in the small DRG neurons of STZ rats by 59% and 71%, respectively. A parallel reduction in expression is shown in axotomized < 25 microm diameter DRG neurons for IGF-I (47%) but not for IGF-IR. The loss of IGF-I support to a population of predominantly nociceptive neurons may contribute to neuropathic pain observed in these models.
Pin Open Detection for CMOS Logic ICs by Measuring Supply Current AC Electric Field. (2003)

本論文では, プリント配線板上に実装されたCMOS論理回路の, はんだ付け不良などにより発生するピン浮きを検出するための新しい検査法を提案する。本検査法では被検査回路の外部から交流電界を印加し, ICの電源電流を測定する。ピン浮きがない場合は, 外部から交流電界を印加しても定常時にはそのICに静的電源電流しか流れない。しかしピン浮きがあると, そのICの電源電流に大きな変化が現れる。本論文ではこの性質を用いてピン浮きが検出可能であることを実験により示す。またこの検査法で必要となる検査入力パターンについても明らかにする。
Model Studies Towards Azadirachtin: Part 2. Construction of the Crowded C8bC14 Bond by Transition Metal Chemistry We thank Drs. D. H. Huang and G. Siuzdak for NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric assistance, respectively. This work was financially supported by the National Institutes of Health (USA), the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, a predoctoral fellowship from the Division of Organic Chemistry of the American Chemical Society sponsored by Novartis (to A.J.R.), postdoctoral fellowships from Bayer AG (to M.F.), and Association pour la Recherche sur le Cancer (to R.B.), and grants from Abbott Laboratories, ArrayBiopharma, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, DuPont, Glaxo, Hoffmann-LaRoche, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, and Schering Plough. (2002)

Zwei Wege, ein Ziel: Zwei unterschiedliche Synthesestrategien wurden ausgearbeitet, mit denen die Knüpfung der sterisch überfrachteten C8-C14-Bindung des präparativ herausfordernden Syntheseziels Azadirachtin 1 gelingen könnte: Beim ersten Ansatz wurde eine Radikalreaktion genutzt, die zur Modellverbindung 2 führte, der zweite beruht auf einer Nickel-vermittelten Kupplung und lieferte die Modellverbindung 3.
Changes in the intracranial rheoencephalogram at lower limit of cerebral blood flow autoregulation (2005)

Cerebral blood flow (CBF) reactivity monitoring is an appropriate primary parameter to evaluate cerebral resuscitation due to a systemic or regional cerebral injury leading to possible irreversible brain injury. Use of the electrical impedance method to estimate CBF is rare, as the method's anatomical background is not well understood. Use of intracranial rheoencephalography (iREG) during hemorrhage and comparison of iREG to other CBF measurements have not been previously reported. Our hypothesis was that iREG would reflect early cerebrovascular alteration (CBF autoregulation). Studies comparing iREG, laser Doppler flowmetry and ultrasound were undertaken on anesthetized rats to define CBF changes during hemorrhage. Blood was removed at a rate required to achieve a mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) of 40 mm Hg over 15 min. Estimation of CBF was taken with intracranial, bipolar REG (REG I; n=14), laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF; n=3) and carotid flow by ultrasound (n=11). Data were processed off-line. During the initial phase of hemorrhage, when MABP was close to 40 mm Hg, intracranial REG amplitude transiently increased (80.94%); LDF (77.92%) and carotid flow (52.04%) decreased and changed with systemic arterial pressure. Intracranial REG amplitude change suggests classical CBF autoregulation, demonstrating its close relationship to arteriolar changes. The studies indicate that iREG might reflect cerebrovascular responses more accurately than changes in local CBF measured by LDF and carotid flow. REG may indicate promise as a continuous, non-invasive life-sign monitoring tool with potential advantages over ultrasound, the CBF measurement technique normally applied in clinical practice. REG has particular advantages in non-hospital settings such as military and emergency medicine.
Hierarchical functional timing analysis (1998)

We propose a hierarchical timing analysis technique for combinational circuits under the tightest known sensitization criterion, the XBDO delay model. Given a hierarchical combinational circuit, a generalized delay model of each left module is characterized first. Since this timing characterization step takes into account false paths in each module, the delay model is more accurate than the one obtained by topological analysis. Then topological delay analysis is performed on the circuit composed of generalized gates replacing the leaf modules, where the “gate” delay model is the derived one. As far as the authors know, this is the first result that shows that hierarchical analysis is possible under state-of-the-art tight sensitization criteria. We demonstrate by experimental results that loss of accuracy in using the hierarchical approach is very minimal in practice. The theory developed in this paper also provides a foundation for incremental timing analysis under accurate sensitization criteria.
Focal Fibronodular Heterotopic Ossification (2007)

Yeon, Howard B. MD, JD1; Kaplan, Frederick S. MD2; Shore, Eileen M. PhD3; Rosenberg, Andrew E. MD1; Jupiter, Jesse B. MD1 Author Information
Endoscopic Minilaparotomy Partial Nephrectomy for Solitary Renal Cell Carcinoma Smaller than 4 cm (2002)

With minimal morbidity and complications, endoscopic minilaparotomy partial nephrectomy is feasible for small renal cell carcinoma.
Optimized recuperation strategy for (Hybrid) Electric Vehicles based on intelligent sensors (2012)

The limited range of Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV) is a major restraint for their market acceptance. This paper shows that efficiency — hence range — increase can be achieved by optimal distribution of driving and braking torque to the electric machines of an EV. Furthermore, a novel strategy for efficient recuperation of kinetic energy during the braking process of a (H)EV based on intelligent sensors is introduced. Both mentioned approaches take a detailed model of the vehicle's dynamics and powertrain characteristics into account. The strategy is utilized in an Advanced Driver Assistance System, which enables guided anticipatory driving for the driver. It is shown that the proposed semi-automatic process allows increased recuperation capabilities compared to state-of-the-art regenerative braking with torque blending. An improvement of energy regeneration efficiency of 31.7 percentage points compared to a standard serial regenerative braking system is achieved in a typical braking scenario.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Pharmacological Effects, and Conformation of 4,4‐Disubstituted 1,4‐Dihydropyridines. (1990)

Abstract Oxidation of the 1,4‐dihydropyridines (I) gives the corresponding pyridines (II) which are further oxidized, yielding the sulfoxides (III).
Quorum-Quenching Human Designer Cells for Closed-Loop Control of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms (2017)

Current antibiotics gradually lose their efficacy against chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections due to development of increased resistance mediated by biofilm formation, as well as the large arsenal of microbial virulence factors that are coordinated by the cell density-dependent phenomenon of quorum sensing. Here, we address this issue by using synthetic biology principles to rationally engineer quorum-quencher cells with closed-loop control to autonomously dampen virulence and interfere with biofilm integrity. Pathogen-derived signals dynamically activate a synthetic mammalian autoinducer sensor driving downstream expression of next-generation anti-infectives. Engineered cells were able to sensitively score autoinducer levels from P. aeruginosa clinical isolates and mount a 2-fold defense consisting of an autoinducer-inactivating enzyme to silence bacterial quorum sensing and a bipartite antibiofilm effector to dissolve the biofilm matrix. The self-guided cellular device fully cleared autoinducers, potentiated bacterial antibiotic susceptibility, substantially reduced biofilms, and alleviated cytotoxicity to lung epithelial cells. We believe this strategy of dividing otherwise coordinated pathogens and breaking up their shielded stronghold represents a blueprint for cellular anti-infectives in the postantibiotic era.
Bcl-xL and E1B-19K Proteins Inhibit p53-induced Irreversible Growth Arrest and Senescence by Preventing Reactive Oxygen Species-dependent p38 Activation (2004)

In this study, we describe novel functions of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins. Bcl-x(L) and E1B-19K were found to inhibit p53-induced irreversible growth arrest and senescence, but not to inhibit transient growth arrest, implying that Bcl-x(L) and E1B-19K are specifically involved in senescence without participating in growth arrest. We provide several lines of evidences showing that the functions of Bcl-x(L) and E1B-19K to prevent generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important to inhibit senescence induction. First, we found that that ROS are increased during p53-induced senescence. Moreover, Bcl-x(L) and E1B-19K inhibit this p53-induced ROS generation. Second, antioxidants prevent the induction of senescence and ROS by p53, but not the persistence of the senescence phenotype. Third, the anti-senescence functions of Bcl-x(L) and E1B-19K were suppressed by adding exogenous ROS. These results suggest that Bcl-x(L) and E1B-19K inhibit senescence induction by preventing ROS generation. Furthermore, p38 kinase was found to be activated during p53-induced senescence, but not in cells expressing Bcl-x(L) or E1B-19K, or in cells treated with anti-oxidants. Consistently, a chemical inhibitor of p38 kinase, SB203580, was found to inhibit p53-induced senescence, but only when treated before the cellular commitment to senescence, implying that p38 kinase is necessary for senescence induction. Therefore, Bcl-x(L) and E1B-19K inhibit p53-induced senescence by preventing ROS generation, which in turn leads to the activation of p38 kinase. These results also suggest that the oncogenic potential of Bcl-2 is due to its ability to inhibit senescence as well as apoptosis.
Managing sybil identities in distributed networks (2010)

This dissertation addresses Sybil identity obfuscation attacks in two environments, namely Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) and BitTorrent. We proposed a location-based Sybil detection framework for MANET. In our framework, mobile nodes voluntarily and cooperatively participate in Sybil attack detection by monitoring their neighbors’ network activities. For each packet observed, a traffic observation record is created or updated and periodically shared. Our secure observation exchange protocol guarantee the tamper-proof observation. Periodically, the peers reconstruct the path that each peer has traversed. Peers with similar paths are grouped together with a simple clustering algorithm. Peers in the same cluster are considered Sybil identities owned by the same attacker. Our framework yielded above 80% accuracy (true positive rate) at about a 10% false positive rate. 
We also proposed a sybilproof referral system for BitTorrent. We first introduce a simple incentive framework, based on a stochastic game model, to encourage peers to share their content. From experimental results, the incentives successfully motivate the peers to better contribute in form of the clustering of the peers according to their allocated upload rate. This incentive mechanism was a form of direct reputation which was of rather limited use for a large system like BitTorrent. A peer might not have adequate information to make a future judgment about another. We then propose a simple form of reputation sharing, namely chokelist dissemination, where the peers shared their lists of free-riders. The experimental results showed that chokelist sharing helped accelerate the process of banning free-riders. We also investigated the behavior of BitTorrent users in quasi steady state with a deterministic game. This game revealed that proper selection of Internet access fees could discourage free-riders. 
Though more effective, reputation sharing (i.e. indirect reputation through referrals such as chokelist dissemination) is vulnerable to Sybil attack. A group of Sybil identities owned by the same attacker can collude to manipulate their reputation scores, and significantly affect other innocent peers, as well. To address this problem, we propose a sybilproof referral system. In this system, the total reputation score of a referral chain is the product of reputation scores of referrals in the chain beginning with “direct” reputation based on transactional experience. The Sybil attacker can only improve the direct reputation via benign contributions. Our reputation system ensure that the direct reputation of each Sybil identity is limited thus limiting the effect of false referrals by them.
Photosystem I/Molecular Wire/Metal Nanoparticle Bioconjugates for the Photocatalytic Production of H 2 (2008)

Photosystem I (PS I) is a robust photosynthetic complex that adeptly captures photons to create a charge-separated state with a quantum efficiency that approaches 1.0. This charge-separated state is stable for approximately 100 ms, and the low-potential reductant that is produced is poised at a redox potential favorable for H2 evolution. PS I has been covalently linked to Pt and Au nanoparticle surfaces by 1,6-hexanedithiol which serves as a molecular wire to both connect PS I to the particles and transfer electrons from the terminal electron transfer cofactor of PS I, FB, to the nanoparticle. Illumination of these Photosystem I/molecular wire/nanoparticle bioconjugates is able to catalyze the reaction: 2H+ + 2e(-)--> H2. Transfer of the electrons from PS I to the nanoparticle through the molecular wire is not rate-limiting for H2 evolution. Supplying the system with more efficient donor-side electron donating species results in a 5-fold increase in the rate of H2 evolution.
Analysis of Electrical Discharge Plasma in a Gas‐Liquid Flow Reactor Using Optical Emission Spectroscopy and the Formation of Hydrogen Peroxide (2016)

Optical emission spectroscopy was used to characterize an electrical discharge plasma reactor with a liquid H2O film contacting different carrier gases. The plasma gas temperatures for Ar, He, and 1% N2 in Ar were 1000–1200 K and did not vary significantly with liquid flow rate. Increasing solution conductivity by adding KCl to deionized water in the Ar case lowered the temperature by 13%, increased the discharge power and lowered the H2O2 formation rates. The temperature was highest in the case of air (2400 K), and in the case of Ar the temperature increased with the addition of O2. The temperatures for this reactor are comparable to previous studies with discharges in humid gases, while the effects of liquid conductivity were similar to those reported with direct discharge in the liquid phase.
Data from A Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies Novel Loci for Paclitaxel-Induced Sensory Peripheral Neuropathy in CALGB 40101 (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Sensory peripheral neuropathy is a common and sometimes debilitating toxicity associated with paclitaxel therapy. This study aims to identify genetic risk factors for the development of this toxicity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; A prospective pharmacogenetic analysis of patients with primary breast cancer, randomized to the paclitaxel arm of CALGB 40101, was used to identify genetic predictors of the onset and severity of sensory peripheral neuropathy. A genome-wide association study in 855 subjects of European ancestry was conducted and findings were replicated in additional European (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 154) and African American (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 117) subjects.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; A single nucleotide polymorphism in &lt;i&gt;FGD4&lt;/i&gt; was associated with the onset of sensory peripheral neuropathy in the discovery cohort [rs10771973; HR, 1.57; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.30–1.91; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 2.6 × 10&lt;sup&gt;−6&lt;/sup&gt;] and in a European (HR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.06–2.80; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.013) and African American (HR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.13–3.28; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 6.7 × 10&lt;sup&gt;−3&lt;/sup&gt;) replication cohort. There is also evidence that markers in additional genes, including &lt;i&gt;EPHA5&lt;/i&gt; (rs7349683) and &lt;i&gt;FZD3&lt;/i&gt; (rs10771973), were associated with the onset or severity of paclitaxel-induced sensory peripheral neuropathy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; A genome-wide association study has identified novel genetic markers of paclitaxel-induced sensory peripheral neuropathy, including a common polymorphism in &lt;i&gt;FGD4&lt;/i&gt;, a congenital peripheral neuropathy gene. These findings suggest that genetic variation may contribute to variation in development of this toxicity. Validation of these findings may allow for the identification of patients at increased risk of peripheral neuropathy and inform the use of an alternative to paclitaxel and/or the clinical management of this toxicity. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 18(18); 5099–109. ©2012 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Protein-Tyrosine Kinases Regulate the Phosphorylation, Protein Interactions, Subcellular Distribution, and Activity of p21rasGTPase-Activating Protein (1991)

The p21ras GTPase-activating protein (GAP) down-regulates p21ras by stimulating its intrinsic GTPase activity. GAP is found predominantly as a monomer in the cytosol of normal cells. However, in cells expressing an activated cytoplasmic protein-tyrosine kinase, p60v-src, or stimulated with epidermal growth factor, GAP becomes phosphorylated on tyrosine and serine and forms distinct complexes with two phosphoproteins of 62 and 190 kDa (p62 and p190). In v-src-transformed Rat-2 cells, a minor fraction of GAP associates with the highly tyrosine phosphorylated p62 to form a complex that is localized at the plasma membrane and in the cytosol. In contrast, the majority of GAP enters a distinct complex with p190 that is exclusively cytosolic and contains predominantly phosphoserine. Epidermal growth factor stimulation also induces a marked conversion of monomeric GAP to higher-molecular-weight species in rat fibroblasts. The GAP-p190 complex is dependent on phosphorylation and shows reduced GAP activity. These results indicate that protein-tyrosine kinases induce GAP to form multiple heteromeric complexes, which are strong candidates for regulators or targets of p21ras.