gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Financing Cities (2005)

The macro-economic and micro-economic evidences makes a persuasive case for cities as important centers for productive efficiency, innnovation, and economic growth. For cities to achieve their full economic potential, however, complementary public services are required. This paper reviews the arguments and the evidence for the efficient financing and governance of city public services.
Types of abuse of law: theoretical and legal aspect (2020)

The presented article examines the forms of abuse of rights. In legal science and legislation of Ukraine, the category of “abuse of rights” is legally vague and there is no agreed approach to defining the criteria for abuse of rights. The legislator often uses the institution of “abuse” as part of various legal structures, but does not legally establish the content of the general (generalized) concept of “abuse of rights”. This creates problems both for legal practice, legal proceedings, and in the case of the exercise of rights by their owners and owners.Abuse of law means the formally lawful behavior of the subject of legal relations, which leads to a violation of the rights and legitimates interests of others, incompatible with the fundamental principles of legal regulation.However, the content of the term "abuse of right" (rights) is in the prescriptions; covers individual, sometimes different types of acts. Procedural legislation defines in more detail the content of "abuse of procedural rights", but does not provide an exhaustive list of such acts. The official position of the legislator is that any abuse of rights is unacceptable. Such legal norms are of a protective (prohibitive) nature; they do not always reveal the essence of abuse. The classification of actions on abuse of rights contains not only formal, purely theoretical significance, but, in essence, the classification allows, by identifying the most typical cases of the phenomenon under study, to establish trends in the emergence of new types and forms of abuse of rights and to determine the most effective methods and means of overcoming them.The author determined the place of abuse of subjective rights in comparison with socially significant (legal) behavior. It has been established, that abuse of the right is not a type of legally significant behavior. The author's understanding of the concept of "abuse of rights" and its types is offered
Phase noise robust optical heterodyne system for reduced complexity millimeter-wave analog radio-over-fibre (2019)

Strict optical linewidth/coherence requirements for A-RoF systems are overcome through development of an analog optical heterodyne architecture tolerant to phase noise and carrier offset.Successful generation and reception of a 60GHz UF-OFDM signal using two free-running tunable lasers, without digital phase/frequency offset compensation, is demonstrated.
Mechanism of Solid-State Thermolysis of Ammonia Borane: A 15N NMR Study Using Fast Magic-Angle Spinning and Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (2014)

The solid-state thermolysis of ammonia borane (NH3BH3, AB) was explored using state-of-the-art 15N solid-state NMR spectroscopy, including 2D indirectly detected 1H{15N} heteronuclear correlation and dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP)-enhanced 15N{1H} cross-polarization experiments as well as 11B NMR. The complementary use of 15N and 11B NMR experiments, supported by density functional theory calculations of the chemical shift tensors, provided insights into the dehydrogenation mechanism of AB—insights that have not been available by 11B NMR alone. Specifically, highly branched polyaminoborane derivatives were shown to form from AB via oligomerization in the “head-to-tail” manner, which then transform directly into hexagonal boron nitride analog through the dehydrocyclization reaction, bypassing the formation of polyiminoborane.
Structure Guided Development of Novel Thymidine Mimetics Targeting Pseudomonas aeruginosa Thymidylate Kinase: From Hit to Lead Generation (2012)

Thymidylate kinase (TMK) is a potential chemotherapeutic target because it is directly involved in the synthesis of an essential component, thymidine triphosphate, in DNA replication. All reported TMK inhibitors are thymidine analogues, which might retard their development as potent therapeutics due to cell permeability and off-target activity against human TMK. A small molecule hit (1, IC(50) = 58 μM), which has reasonable inhibition potency against Pseudomonas aeruginosa TMK (PaTMK), was identified by the analysis of the binding mode of thymidine or TP(5)A in a PaTMK homology model. This hit (1) was cocrystallized with PaTMK, and several potent PaTMK inhibitors (leads, 46, 47, 48, and 56, IC(50) = 100-200 nM) were synthesized using computer-aided design approaches including virtual synthesis/screening, which was used to guide the design of inhibitors. The binding mode of the optimized leads in PaTMK overlaps with that of other bacterial TMKs but not with human TMK, which shares few common features with the bacterial enzymes. Therefore, the optimized TMK inhibitors described here should be useful for the development of antibacterial agents targeting TMK without undesired off-target effects. In addition, an inhibition mechanism associated with the LID loop, which mimics the process of phosphate transfer from ATP to dTMP, was proposed based on X-ray cocrystal structures, homology models, and structure-activity relationship results.
L'impact d'électrons lents sur les surfaces de matériaux diélectriques :méthodes d'analyse et applications industrielles (1997)

Les électrons de basse énergie (0-30 eV) sont impliqués en tant que source d'excitation primaire ou en tant que produits secondaires dans un grand nombre de processus industriels et de techniques d'analyse des matériaux. Leurs interactions près de la surface de solides diélectriques peut être étudiée en utilisant des faisceaux d'électrons de faible énergie à haute résolution. Les principales expériences permettant d'étudier ces interactions sont brièvement décrites dans cet article. Des exemples de résultats obtenus avec ces dernières sont inclus afin d'illustrer les mécanismes de base et de fournir une description des processus fondamentaux de dégradation impliqués durant l'irradiation. L'importance de ces mécanismes pour la dosimétrie, le vieillissement électronique des câbles à haute tension et la nanolithographie est expliquée brièvement.
End-to-End Fine-Grained Action Segmentation and Recognition Using\n Conditional Random Field Models and Discriminative Sparse Coding (2018)

Fine-grained action segmentation and recognition is an important yet\nchallenging task. Given a long, untrimmed sequence of kinematic data, the task\nis to classify the action at each time frame and segment the time series into\nthe correct sequence of actions. In this paper, we propose a novel framework\nthat combines a temporal Conditional Random Field (CRF) model with a powerful\nframe-level representation based on discriminative sparse coding. We introduce\nan end-to-end algorithm for jointly learning the weights of the CRF model,\nwhich include action classification and action transition costs, as well as an\novercomplete dictionary of mid-level action primitives. This results in a CRF\nmodel that is driven by sparse coding features obtained using a discriminative\ndictionary that is shared among different actions and adapted to the task of\nstructured output learning. We evaluate our method on three surgical tasks\nusing kinematic data from the JIGSAWS dataset, as well as on a food preparation\ntask using accelerometer data from the 50 Salads dataset. Our results show that\nthe proposed method performs on par or better than state-of-the-art methods.\n
Hormonal, Histological and Chromosomal Studies in Adult Males with Testicular Disorders1 (1972)

The levels of plasma FSH, LH and testosterone were measured in 56 males who complained of infertility. Correlation between the hormonal results and seminal fluid sperm concentration was made. No apparent correlation existed between the various degrees of oligospermia and plasma FSH titers. Three conditions were invariably associated with elevated plasma FSH levels: (1) severe seminiferous tubular hyalinization, (2) azoospermia (excluding those patients with normal testicular histology) and (3) Sertoli-cell-only syndrome. Of interest was the observation that many of these patients additionally demonstrated abnormalities in the LH-testosterone axis. Careful attention was made to exclude patients with Klinefelter's syndrome in this consideration. These data indicate that previous concepts that isolated defects of spermatogenesis exist in all such patients have been erroneous, particularly in the category of Sertoli-cell-only syndrome. Cytogenetic studies identified chromosomal abnormalities in 11 of the 56 patients studied in this series. These included XXY, XY/XXY, XX, XYY and D-D translocation patterns.
PLOS ONE repository data.xlsx (2016)

Data extracted from Cochrane Reviews and Crossover trials for use in the publication:<br>Nolan SJ, Hambleton I, Dwan K. The use and reporting of the cross-over study design in clinical trials and systematic reviews: a systematic assessment. PLOS ONE (accepted)
A block diagram model of the thickness mode piezoelectric transducer containing dual oppositely polarized piezoelectric zones (2006)

A unidimensional, linear systems, block diagram model of a two-layer thickness mode piezoelectric transducer is presented. The layers are subject to opposing piezoelectric polarization and the device is assumed to be loaded by semi-infinite isotropic media at the two principal faces. Block diagram representations of the transducer acting as both a generator and a receiver of ultrasound are developed in conjunction with the equivalent model of the electrical admittance. When expressed in this manner, the underlying cause and effect relationships are identified, with the important contribution of the piezoelectric boundary highlighted. Comparisons with the conventional single-layer transducer are made throughout and the major physical differences in terms of transduction performance are discussed. The new model is compared with finite element analysis and good agreement is also demonstrated with experimental data. A key aspect of the methodology is the provision of a more intuitive understanding of such device behavior. Accordingly, emphasis has been placed on the physical relationships and this is considered a major contribution of the work.
Sensitivity Analyses in Interval Decision Modelling. (2009)

have resulted in a decision tool capable of handling imprecise information in complex decision situations. Some of the research has been directed towards developing decision analytical representation models and algorithms. The decision tool takes intervals as well as comparative relations as input, and incorporates a level of sensitivity analyses embedded into the representation instead of applying separate analyses on top of the evaluation procedure. Further, besides the embedded sensitivity analysis, an explicit sensitivity analysis is useful in order to point out the most critical probabilities, values, or weights to the decision under consideration. This paper deals with the theory and implementation of sensitivity analyses in a decision tool supporting interval probabilities, values, criteria weights, as well as comparative relations. Index Terms — decision analysis, decision tree, imprecise information, tornado diagram. I.
Alterations in Exhaled Gas Profile during Allergen-induced Asthmatic Response (2001)

The source of exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) and the relationship to airway inflammation are not clear. If CO is produced by the inflamed airway, we hypothesized that inflammation induced by allergen challenge would increase exhaled CO of atopic asthmatics. Eight atopic asthmatics underwent whole lung allergen challenge. CO, nitric oxide (NO), oxygen, and carbon dioxide (CO(2)) were measured simultaneously in exhaled breath which was collected into Mylar balloons before (baseline), immediately after, and at subsequent times after allergen. NO was higher in asthmatics than control subjects at baseline, increased further in seven of the eight asthmatics after allergen, and was inversely correlated to specific conductance. In contrast, exhaled CO of asthmatics was not higher than that of control individuals at baseline, decreased immediately after allergen, and returned to baseline levels during the late asthmatic response. Thus, allergen-induced airway inflammation did not lead to increased exhaled CO in asthma.
Supplementary Tables 1-6 from Genome Analysis of Latin American Cervical Cancer: Frequent Activation of the PIK3CA Pathway (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Tables 1-6. Supplemental Table 1. Primers used in Ion Torrent sequencing of HPV. Supplemental Table 2. Predicted somatic mutations in PIK3CA discovered by targeted sequencing of cervical tumors from Mexico, Venezuela, and Guatemala. Supplementary Table 3. Predicted somatic mutations in 5 candidate genes discovered by targeted sequencing of cervical tumors. Supplementary Table 4. Association of HPV type and PIK3CA mutation. Supplementary Table 5. PIK3CA mutations in histologic subtype in this and other published studies Supplementary Table 6. Fig.3A_B_C raw data&lt;/p&gt;
High sensitivity rotation measurements with a mid-size laser gyroscope (2010)

An high sensitivity laser gyroscope is presented operating in a square cavity of side length of the order of 1 m with a measured sensitivity limit at the level of 2 · 10<sup>-9</sup>(rad/s)/ &radic;Hz. We report on the active stabilization of the laser optical frequency which is mainly driven by the environmental thermal fluctuations and the experimental results obtained with the active stabilization system are given. Finally the applications of this gyrolaser as an high-sensitive tilt-meter in Virgo, the large-frame interferometer for gravitational waves detection, are discussed.
A Markov-Based Prediction Algorithm for User Mobility at Heterogeneous Cloud Radio Access Network (2019)

To provide high-quality services to the explosion of users in cellular networks, forecasts of users' next location have been studied. But it is difficult to predict users' next location in urban areas because of mobility and dynamic road and traffic condition. To address the problems, it is used that users tend to move based on social relations. If the user's next location is predictable, the traffic changes will be also predictable. It can be applied to various studies, such as base station switching and handover forecasts that can solve energy consumption and service delay problems. In this study, we propose a Markov-based prediction algorithm to forecast the next location of users in H-CRAN (heterogeneous cloud radio access network). We use RRH(radio remote head) trajectory that consists of histories stored serving RRH for each user. Simulation results and discussions demonstrate the prediction accuracy compared with those of autoregressive models.
Thiol regulation of the production of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 by human alveolar macrophages (1999)

Reactive oxygen intermediates exert signalling functions and modulate gene transcription, particularly for pro-inflammatory cytokines. Since exogenous as well as endogenous thiols could be potent inhibitors of the production of cytokines, the effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), glutathione (GSH) and modulated GSH synthesis on the production of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 by human alveolar macrophages (AMs) was evaluated, as well as the potential role of intracellular GSH depletion on the effect of exogenous thiols. AMs were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cytokine production was measured by evaluating messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression and protein secretion. Depletion of intracellular GSH by treatment with buthionine sulphoximine (BSO) reached 45.2% after 3 h and was nearly complete at 24 h. Whereas a 24-h preincubation of AMs with BSO significantly increased LPS-induced secretion of TNF-alpha and IL-8, a 3-h preincubation only enhanced LPS-stimulated production of IL-8 (p<0.05). Treatment with NAC and GSH did not significantly increase intracellular content of GSH even after a 48-h incubation. Addition of GSH and NAC significantly reduced the secretion of TNF-alpha (mean+/-SEM 21.2+/-5 and 44.7+/-4.4% inhibition, respectively) as well as LPS-induced IL-6 and IL-8 (p<0.05). Similarly, NAC inhibited the production of TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-8 in GSH-depleted AMs obtained by BSO pretreatment. In conclusion, N-acetylcysteine and glutathione inhibit the production of tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-8 and interleukin-6 by alveolar macrophages by a mechanism independent of glutathione metabolism. However, total depletion of glutathione within alveolar macrophages significantly increases tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-8 synthesis whereas it does not modulate interleukin-6 secretion.
Three-Dimensional Visualization for Preoperative Planning of Approaches to the Sella (2007)

Purpose: Preoperative three-dimensional (3D) visualization of radiological image data can improve perception of anatomical structures. For approaches to sellar lesions, the trans-sphenoidal approach by endoscopic technique is gaining increasing importance, while the subfrontal approach still has its value in certain indications. This study reviews our experience with the application of a 3D system of virtual endoscopy (vE) for preoperative planning of endoscopic trans-sphenoidal interventions in the routine clinical setting. For planning of transcranial approaches, a high-quality real-time volume-rendering (VR) system has been applied.
Optimal Oxygenation at Birth and in the Neonatal Period (2007)

To date there are sufficient data available to recommend that newborn resuscitation should not be carried out with 100% O(2). In ELBW infants, SaO(2) levels should be kept between 85 and 93% or possibly between 88 and 95%, but should definitely not exceed 95%. Fluctuations should be avoided.
Focus based Feature Extraction for Pallets Recognition (2000)

Visual recognition for object grasping is a well-known challenge for robot automation in industrial applications. A typical example is pallet recognition in industrial environment for pick-and-place automated process. The aim of vision and reasoning algorithms is to help robots in choosing the best pallets holes location. This work proposes an application-based approach, which ful l all requirements, dealing with every kind of occlusions and light situations possible. Even some meaning noise (or meaning misunderstanding) is considered. A pallet model, with limited degrees of freedom, is described and, starting from it, a complete approach to pallet recognition is outlined. In the model we de ne both virtual and real corners, that are geometrical object proprieties computed by different image analysis operators. Real corners are perceived by processing brightness information directly from the image, while virtual corners are inferred at a higher level of abstraction. A nal reasoning stage selects the best solution tting the model. Experimental results and performance are reported in order to demonstrate the suitability of the proposed approach.
Absence of Avascular Necrosis of the Humeral Head after Post-Traumatic Rupture of the Anterior and Posterior Humeral Circumflex Arteries. A Case Report* (1996)

GERBER, CHRISTIAN M.D.†; LAMBERT, SIMON M. M.D.‡; HOOGEWOUD, HENRI M. M.D.‡, FRIBOURG, SWITZERLAND Author Information
A Low-Complexity Iterative Transmit Precoding Algorithm for Spatial Modulation Systems (2018)

In this paper, we propose and investigate a low- complexity iterative transmit precoding (TPC) algorithm to enhance the bit error rate (BER) performance for Spatial Modulation (SM) systems over flat-fading multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels. In literature, various TPC techniques have been conceived, but suffer from either over-simplification or lack of generality, thus a low-complexity iterative TPC algorithm is proposed, in which the TPC matrix is diagonal in order to retain the low-complexity benefit of conventional SM systems. Specifically, we investigate a TPC design to maximize the minimum Euclidean distance dmin (max-dmin) between the SM signal points at the receiver side. Different from conventional TPC algorithms, which adjust only two elements in the TPC matrix, all elements of the TPC matrix are iteratively modified until dmin could not be increased. Furthermore, an efficient computing method of dmin is proposed when considering PSK-modulated SM systems. Discussion on complexity analysis and convergence behavior are also provided, which proves the low complexity of the proposed algorithm. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed TPC algorithm is able to achieve lower BER compared with conventional TPC algorithms.
Posicionamiento Web y Medios de Comunicación Ciclo de Vida de una Campaña y Factores SEO (2017)

Presentacin de los rasgos diferenciales del SEO aplicado a los medios de comunicacin, considerando, entre otros aspectos, el hecho de ser sitios intensivos en contenidos y de tener que gestionar el doble condicionante del SEO y del Periodismo. Se argumenta sobre las fases de una campaa SEO, presentando las cuatro fases de la misma. Igualmente, se presentan y discuten los factores de posicionamiento ms importantes, tanto On Site como Off Site. En relacin a los primeros, se presenta tambin
Ultrasensitive and stable X-ray detection using zero-dimensional lead-free perovskites (2020)

Sensitive and reliable X-ray detectors are essential for medical radiography, industrial inspection and security screening. Lowering the radiation dose allows reduced health risks and increased frequency and fidelity of diagnostic technologies for earlier detection of disease and its recurrence. Three-dimensional (3D) organic–inorganic hybrid lead halide perovskites are promising for direct X-ray detection – they show improved sensitivity compared to conventional X-ray detectors. However, their high and unstable dark current, caused by ion migration and high dark carrier concentration in the 3D hybrid perovskites, limits their performance and long-term operation stability. Here we report ultrasensitive, stable X-ray detectors made using zero-dimensional (0D) methylammonium bismuth iodide perovskite (MA3Bi2I9) single crystals. The 0D crystal structure leads to a high activation energy (Ea) for ion migration (0.46 eV) and is also accompanied by a low dark carrier concentration (~ 106 cm−3). The X-ray detectors exhibit sensitivity of 10,620 µC Gyair−1 cm−2, a limit of detection (LoD) of 0.62 nGyair s−1, and stable operation even under high applied biases; no deterioration in detection performance was observed following sensing of an integrated X-ray irradiation dose of ~23,800 mGyair, equivalent to > 200,000 times the dose required for a single commercial X-ray chest radiograph. Regulating the ion migration channels and decreasing the dark carrier concentration in perovskites provide routes for stable and ultrasensitive X-ray detectors.
Radio-Frequency and Microwave Techniques for Non-Invasive Measurement of Blood Glucose Levels (2019)

This paper reviews non-invasive blood glucose measurements via dielectric spectroscopy at microwave frequencies presented in the literature. The intent is to clarify the key challenges that must be overcome if this approach is to work, to suggest some possible ways towards addressing these challenges and to contribute towards prevention of unnecessary 'reinvention of the wheel'.