gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monomer cast polyamide 6 composites and their treatment with high‐energy electrons (2011)

Abstract At first, the impact of selected spherically structured nanofillers made of different polar materials (carbon, silicon carbide, surface‐modified silica, 2 wt % each) on mechanical properties of monomer cast polyamide 6 (MCPA6) was examined. Only the low‐polar carbon‐based nanofiller showed an average particle size below 100 nm in the liquid phase before polymerization was initiated. With regard to neat MCPA6, mechanical properties of the composite loaded with the carbon nanoparticles like tensile strength, Young's modulus, and heat distortion temperature could be improved by 6.4%, 13.5%, and 27.5%, respectively. The efficiency of carbon as filler material for MCPA6 was also shown for carbon short‐cut fibers. A fiber content of 15% improved tensile strength from 78 to 93 MPa (19%) and Young's modulus could be doubled from 2660 MPa to nearly 5300 MPa. Regardless of the improved mechanical properties, the composites showed reduced degrees of crystallinity. Therefore, electron beam irradiation was applied to crosslink the polymer chains as an alternative to improve material properties. Crosslinking was supported by the application of a curing agent (CA). Two strategies for crosslinking experiments were tested: (1) Irradiation of CA‐containing neat MCPA6 to find the most effective dose and subsequent treatment of the composites under this special condition; (2) Optimization of the properties by irradiation of the composites itself at graduated dose values. The second way was more convenient and showed, with regard to the composites without CA, improvements of tensile strength and Young's modulus of 6% each. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Gold‐katalysierte Synthese von Chinolinen aus Propargylsilylethern und Anthranilen über die Umpolung eines Goldcarben‐Kohlenstoffatoms (2016)

Abstract Die Gold‐katalysierte Kaskaden‐Anellierung propargylischer Silylether mit Anthranilen verläuft sequenziell über eine Ringöffnung/1,2‐H‐Verschiebung/Protodesaurierung/Mukaiyama‐Aldol‐Cyclisierung. Dieses Protokoll bietet einen regiospezifischen und modularen Zugang zu 2‐Aminochinolinen und anderen Chinolinderivaten unter milden Bedingungen bei guter Kompatibilität mit funktionellen Gruppen. Die Reaktionen gelingen im Gramm‐Maßstab, was den präparativen Nutzen der Methode unterstreicht. Die Vielseitigkeit der erhaltenen Molekülgerüste wurde anhand nützlicher Folgereaktionen demonstriert.
Comparison of different 6-tert-butyldimethyl-silylated cyclodextrins as chiral stationary phases in GC (1996)

Separation factors and thermodynamic data for the separation of various chiral analytes on different 6-TBDMS-derivatized γ (β)-cyclodextrin-phases were collected and discussed. Modifying the alkyl chain length of the substituents in position 2, and 3 of the cyclodextrin molecule or changing from β to γ-CD affects the separation properties extremely, whereas changing the chain length of acyl groups in position 2 and 3 hardly influences enantioselectivity. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Measurement of lip and skin pigmentation using reflectance spectrophotometry (1997)

Previous methods for evaluating the color of oral epithelial tissues have relied primarily on subjective indices and interpretation. In this study, a narrow-band reflectance spectrophotometer was used to measure melanin and hemoglobin pigmentation in the lips and skin of individuals who self-reported their skin type from a choice of white, olive, or black. Significant differences in melanin pigmentation were observed among skin types and at most anatomical sites evaluated between skin types. Hemoglobin levels were not significantly different among skin types at most anatomical sites, but differences were observed among anatomical sites within each skin color group. Within each skin type, melanin (except in blacks) and hemoglobin were significantly higher for both the upper and lower lips compared with most other anatomical sites. Results suggest that reflectance spectrophotometry is a useful tool for quantifying differences in melanin and hemoglobin pigmentation in oral tissues.
A MinHash approach for fast scanpath classification (2020)

The visual scanpath describes the shift of visual attention over time. Characteristic patterns in the attention shifts allow inferences about cognitive processes, performed tasks, intention, or expertise. To analyse such patterns, the scanpath is often represented as a sequence of symbols that can be used to calculate a similarity score to other scanpaths. However, as the length of the scanpath or the number of possible symbols increases, established methods for scanpath similarity become inefficient, both in terms of runtime and memory consumption. We present a MinHash approach for efficient scanpath similarity calculation. Our approach shows competitive results in clustering and classification of scanpaths compared to established methods such as Needleman-Wunsch, but at a fraction of the required runtime. Furthermore, with time complexity of and constant memory consumption, our approach is ideally suited for real-time operation or analyzing large amounts of data.
Molecular cardiology for the new millenium (1999)

Departments of Pediatrics (Cardiology), Molecular and Human Genetics, and Cardiovascular Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
Peptide–Antibody Fusions Engineered by Phage Display Exhibit an Ultrapotent and Broad Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Variants (2022)

The spread of COVID-19 has been exacerbated by the emergence of variants of concern (VoC). Many VoC contain mutations in the spike protein (S-protein) and are implicated in infection and response to therapeutics. Bivalent neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) targeting the S-protein receptor-binding domain (RBD) are promising therapeutics for COVID-19, but they are limited by low potency and vulnerability to RBD mutations in VoC. To address these issues, we used naïve phage-displayed peptide libraries to isolate and optimize 16-residue peptides that bind to the RBD or the N-terminal domain (NTD) of the S-protein. We fused these peptides to the N-terminus of a moderate-affinity nAb to generate tetravalent peptide-IgG fusions, and we showed that both classes of peptides were able to improve affinities for the S-protein trimer by >100-fold (apparent <i>K</i><sub>D</sub> < 1 pM). Critically, cell-based infection assays with a panel of six SARS-CoV-2 variants demonstrated that an RBD-binding peptide was able to enhance the neutralization potency of a high-affinity nAb >100-fold. Moreover, this peptide-IgG was able to neutralize variants that were resistant to the same nAb in the bivalent IgG format, including the dominant B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variant that is resistant to most clinically approved therapeutic nAbs. To show that this approach is general, we fused the same peptide to a clinically approved nAb drug and showed that it enabled the neutralization of a resistant variant. Taken together, these results establish minimal peptide fusions as a modular means to greatly enhance affinities, potencies, and breadth of coverage of nAbs as therapeutics for SARS-CoV-2.
A Digital Platform to Support Self-management of Multiple Chronic Conditions (ProACT): Findings in Relation to Engagement During a One-Year Proof-of-Concept Trial (2021)

RR2-10.2196/22125.
Robust Transistor Sizing for Improved Performances in Digital Circuits using Optimization Algorithms (2019)

In this paper, the optimal transistor sizing of the digital cells has been obtained using Simulated Annealing algorithm and an Artificial Bee Colony algorithm and their results have been compared with nominal results for various nanoscale CMOS digital circuits. The goal is to minimize the leakage power keeping the other performance parameters such as propagation delays and the area in the bound. The simulations are done using HSPICE tool for 45nm and below using Metal gate High k Predictive Technology Model cards. To make sure of the unaffected working of all cells in the automotive applications, the temperature range and supply voltage has been taken between -55°C to 125°C and 0.95V to 1.05V respectively. The Overall reduction in leakage power achieved in the logic cells is up to 70% without any penalty in the critical path delay.
A brief survey of Cryptocurrency systems (2016)

Cryptocurrencies have emerged as important financial software systems. They rely on a secure distributed ledger data structure; mining is an integral part of such systems. Mining adds records of past transactions to the distributed ledger known as Blockchain, allowing users to reach secure, robust consensus for each transaction. Mining also introduces wealth in the form of new units of currency. Cryptocurrencies lack a central authority to mediate transactions because they were designed as peer-to-peer systems. They rely on miners to validate transactions. Cryptocurrencies require strong, secure mining algorithms. In this paper we survey and compare and contrast current mining techniques as used by major Cryptocurrencies. We evaluate the strengths, weaknesses, and possible threats to each mining strategy. Overall, a perspective on how Cryptocurrencies mine, where they have comparable performance and assurance, and where they have unique threats and strengths are outlined.
Catalytic Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide and Bicarbonates with a Well‐Defined Cobalt Dihydrogen Complex (2011)

(Co)balt upright: A well-defined cobalt dihydrogen complex is shown to be an active catalyst for the hydrogenation of CO2 and bicarbonates (see figure), giving the highest turnover numbers so far for any non-precious-metal-based catalyst. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
A Repository of Network-Constrained Trajectory Data (Position Paper) (2019)

We propose the creation of a repository which collects and makes available network-constrained trajectory data. The repository should become a central instance for researchers who want to work with network-constrained trajectory data on a large scale, allowing for efficient filtering and export of selected trajectories based on spatial, temporal and semantic attributes.
Rethinking Rumination (2008)

The response styles theory (Nolen-Hoeksema, 1991) was proposed to explain the insidious relationship between rumination and depression. We review the aspects of the response styles theory that have been well-supported, including evidence that rumination exacerbates depression, enhances negative thinking, impairs problem solving, interferes with instrumental behavior, and erodes social support. Next, we address contradictory and new findings. Specifically, rumination appears to more consistently predict the onset of depression rather than the duration, but rumination interacts with negative cognitive styles to predict the duration of depressive symptoms. Contrary to original predictions, the use of positive distractions has not consistently been correlated with lower levels of depressive symptoms in correlational studies, although dozens of experimental studies show positive distractions relieve depressed mood. Further, evidence now suggests that rumination is associated with psychopathologies in addition to depression, including anxiety, binge eating, binge drinking, and self-harm. We discuss the relationships between rumination and worry and between rumination and other coping or emotion-regulation strategies. Finally, we highlight recent research on the distinction between rumination and more adaptive forms of self-reflection, on basic cognitive deficits or biases in rumination, on its neural and genetic correlates, and on possible interventions to combat rumination.
An inexpensive pump for routine environmental air and dust sampling. (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAn inexpensive pump for routine environmental air and dust sampling.Albert L. Caffo, A. Harold. Lubin, and Charles M. BaldeckCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1980, 14, 1, 47–50Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es60161a016https://doi.org/10.1021/es60161a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views31Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Macrophage Plasticity in Skeletal Muscle Repair (2014)

Macrophages are one of the first barriers of host defence against pathogens. Beyond their role in innate immunity, macrophages play increasingly defined roles in orchestrating the healing of various injured tissues. Perturbations of macrophage function and/or activation may result in impaired regeneration and fibrosis deposition as described in several chronic pathological diseases. Heterogeneity and plasticity have been demonstrated to be hallmarks of macrophages. In response to environmental cues they display a proinflammatory (M1) or an alternative anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotype. A lot of evidence demonstrated that after acute injury M1 macrophages infiltrate early to promote the clearance of necrotic debris, whereas M2 macrophages appear later to sustain tissue healing. Whether the sequential presence of two different macrophage populations results from a dynamic shift in macrophage polarization or from the recruitment of new circulating monocytes is a subject of ongoing debate. In this paper, we discuss the current available information about the role that different phenotypes of macrophages plays after injury and during the remodelling phase in different tissue types, with particular attention to the skeletal muscle.
Qualified trust, not surveillance, is the basis of a stable society (2013)

<xhtml:span xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en"> The complexity of societies can be harnessed to protect them from threats and to promote their economic well-being. </xhtml:span>
El sobreendeudamiento del consumidor y la propuesta de reforma integral de la Ley Concursal (2010)

La situacion de sobreendeudamiento, particularmente hipotecario, de las familias espanolas es un hecho incuestionable. Dicho sobreendeudamiento puede conducirles a una situacion de insolvencia ante situaciones imprevisibles (infortunios). Espana carece, a diferencia de otros paises europeos y de EE.UU., de una regulacion especifica del sobreendeudamiento del consumidor, es decir, de una legislacion que determine, tras un procedimiento de ejecucion colectiva o tras el establecimiento de un plan de pagos por un Tribunal impuesto a deudor y a acreedores, una condonacion o liberacion para el deudor de la deuda que reste impagada (fresh start). La Seccion Especial de la Comision de Codificacion Mercantil, nombrada para llevar a cabo la propuesta de reforma integral de la Ley Concursal, estudiara el problema de fondo, aunque aun no ha decidido si la reforma incluira dicho punto. En caso de adoptarse una legislacion como la descrita, la Comision remite a los criterios establecidos en la sentencia Back v. Finlandia, de 29 de julio de 2004, del TEDH. Sin embargo, ?es la mejor solucion al sobreendeudamiento de los particulares, la adopcion de una Ley de Sobreendeudamiento Familiar, como postula el Consejo de Consumidores y Usuarios y el programa del primer Gobierno socialista?.
The Cytochrome P450 Enzyme CYP96A15 Is the Midchain Alkane Hydroxylase Responsible for Formation of Secondary Alcohols and Ketones in Stem Cuticular (2007)

Most aerial surfaces of plants are covered by cuticular wax that is synthesized in epidermal cells. The wax mixture on the inflorescence stems of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) is dominated by alkanes, secondary alcohols, and ketones, all thought to be formed sequentially in the decarbonylation pathway of wax biosynthesis. Here, we used a reverse-genetic approach to identify a cytochrome P450 enzyme (CYP96A15) involved in wax biosynthesis and characterized it as a midchain alkane hydroxylase (MAH1). Stem wax of T-DNA insertional mutant alleles was found to be devoid of secondary alcohols and ketones (mah1-1) or to contain much lower levels of these components (mah1-2 and mah1-3) than wild type. All mutant lines also had increased alkane amounts, partially or fully compensating for the loss of other compound classes. In spite of the chemical variation between mutant and wild-type waxes, there were no discernible differences in the epicuticular wax crystals on the stem surfaces. Mutant stem wax phenotypes could be partially rescued by expression of wild-type MAH1 under the control of the native promoter as well as the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. Cauliflower mosaic virus 35S-driven overexpression of MAH1 led to ectopic accumulation of secondary alcohols and ketones in Arabidopsis leaf wax, where only traces of these compounds are found in the wild type. The newly formed leaf alcohols and ketones had midchain functional groups on or next to the central carbon, thus matching those compounds in wild-type stem wax. Taken together, mutant analyses and ectopic expression of MAH1 in leaves suggest that this enzyme can catalyze the hydroxylation reaction leading from alkanes to secondary alcohols and possibly also a second hydroxylation leading to the corresponding ketones. MAH1 expression was largely restricted to the expanding regions of the inflorescence stems, specifically to the epidermal pavement cells, but not in trichomes and guard cells. MAH1-green fluorescent protein fusion proteins localized to the endoplasmic reticulum, providing evidence that both intermediate and final products of the decarbonylation pathway are generated in this subcellular compartment and must subsequently be delivered to the plasma membrane for export toward the cuticle.
Kinetics of the oxidative decolorization of Amaranth Red by acidic bromate (2014)

The kinetics of the oxidative decolorization of amaranth with KBrO3 acidified by H2SO4 was followed up by monitoring the decrease of the absorbance of amaranth at lmax= 520 nm. The reaction was carried out under pseudo-first-order conditions. The concentration of BrO3- was ca 300 greater than that of amaranth. The rate of reaction increased with increasing concentration of H2SO4 and BrO3-, while amaranth had no effect on the rate of reaction. The effects of the ions, Cl-, Br- and SO4-- were investigated and the reaction rate increased with increasing concentrations of chloride and bromide while it decreased with increasing concentration of SO4--. A reaction mechanism has been proposed.
Present Status of Research and Development of Pressure Vessel Technology (1970)

The sizes of reactor pressure vessels are tending to increase rapidly with the trend toward ever larger reactor unit outputs. This has posed new problems on the structural integrity of the reactor vessel, and has called for new developments in pressure vessel technology. In this paper are deiscribed requirements for the structural materials, stress analysis and methods of inspection for the purpose of resolving the problems so far experienced with the reactor pressure vessels.
ChemInform Abstract: The retro‐Diels—Alder Reaction. Part 50. C‐C Dienophiles (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Indole-3-Carbinol Induces Apoptosis in Human Osteosarcoma MG-63 and U2OS Cells (2018)

This study was focused on investigating the anticancer potential of indole-3-carbinol (I3C) against osteosarcoma MG-63 and U2OS cells. A wound healing assay indicated that IC3 inhibited migration of MG-63 and U2OS cells. MTT, WST-1, and colony formation assays revealed that treatment of MG-63 and U2OS cells with I3C decreased cell viability. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis showed that I3C induced apoptosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner in MG-63 and U2OS cells. Moreover, via terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase- (TdT-) mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay, we detected that I3C induced DNA fragmentation. Western blotting demonstrated that activated forms of caspase-3, caspase-7, and caspase-9, as well as poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) were increased in MG-63 and U2OS cells, following treatment with I3C. Furthermore, protein expression levels of FOXO3, Bax, and Bim extra-large form were increased while those of Akt, JNK, p38, phosphorylated ERK, and Bcl-xL were decreased by I3C treatment in MG-63 and U2OS cells. Thus, the study indicates that I3C may induce apoptosis in human osteosarcoma MG-63 and U2OS cells via the activation of apoptotic signaling pathways by FOXO3.
Influence of electric fields on pinning in YBa_{2}Cu_{3}O_{7-δ} films (1991)

Experimental evidence is provided that the pinning force and the critical current density of ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$ films can be controlled by electric fields. This novel effect is attributed to field-induced changes of the density of mobile charge carriers in the superconductor.
1675: Complications of Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol Copolymer as an Off-Label Intra-Urethral Bulking Agent in Men with Stress Urinary Incontinence (2007)

In the last years preclinical studies have paved the way for the use of adult myo-and fibroblasts for reconstruction of the lower urinary tract.
Flow Simulation in a Labyrinth Seal (2014)

The paper studies the labyrinth seals of centrifugal compressor profit-proved stages using modern methods of numerical and physical modeling of the centrifugal compressor stages. A series of studies of the effect of operational and geometrical parameters on the maze, namely the quantities of the packed differential pressure, speed, fluid, geometric parameters of the seal, the magnitude of the eccentricity and radial clearance swirl flow at the inlet of a seal, etc. The technique of physical modeling seal has been specified. Research was conducted in two phases: numerical simulation using complex software Flow Vision and receiving data on a universal test bench to study the labyrinth seals.. A three-dimensional model of the labyrinth seal has been created, its verification by "known data has been held.. Integral characteristics in the form of distribution of flow velocities and pressures, flow visualization were obtained. Results of studies made ​​it possible to refine the workflow and introduce amendments to the known calculation formula for a more accurate calculation of leakage through the seal, subject to a number of additional factors that were not previously taken into account