gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phospholamban domain IB forms an interaction site with the loop between transmembrane helices M6 and M7 of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca 2+ ATPases (2001)

Transmembrane helix M6 of the sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) has been shown to form a site of interaction with phospholamban (PLN). Site-directed mutagenesis was carried out in the cytoplasmic loop (L67) between M6 and M7 in SERCA1a to detect other SERCA-PLN binding sites. Mutants N810A, D813A, and R822A had diminished ability to interact functionally with PLN, but only D813A and R822A had reduced physical interaction with PLN. PLN mutants R25A, Q26A, N27A, L28A, Q29A, and N30A had enhanced physical interaction with wild-type (wt) SERCA1a, but physical interaction of these PLN mutants with SERCA1a mutants D813A and R822A was reduced about 2.5 fold (range 1.44-2.82). Exceptions were the interactions of PLN N27A and N30A with SERCA1a D813A, which were reduced by 7.3- and 5.8-fold, respectively. A superinhibitory PLN deletion mutant, PLNDelta21-29, had strong physical interactions with SERCA1a and with SERCA1a mutant D813A. Physical interactions with SERCA1a and mutant D813A were sharply diminished, however, for the PLN deletion mutant, PLNDelta21-30, lacking PLN N30. Physical interactions between SERCA1a and a PLN-cytochrome b(5) chimera containing PLN residues 1-29 were much stronger than those between a PLN-cytochrome b(5) chimera containing PLN residues 1-21 and lacking N27. These results suggest that a SERCA1-PLN interaction site occurs between L67 of SERCA1a and domain IB of PLN, which involves SERCA1a D813 and PLN N27 and N30.
COVID-19 lockdowns highlight a risk of increasing ozone pollutionin European urban areas (2020)

Abstract. In March 2020, non-pharmaceutical interventions in the form of lockdowns were applied across Europe to urgently reduce the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus which causes the COVID-19 disease. The near-complete shutdown of the European economy had widespread impacts on atmospheric composition, particularly for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3). To investigate these changes, we analyze data from 246 ambient air pollution monitoring sites in 102 urban areas and 34 countries in Europe between February and July, 2020. Counterfactual, business as usual air quality time series are created using machine learning models to account for natural weather variability. Across Europe, we estimate that NO2 concentrations were 34 and 32 % lower than expected for traffic and urban-background locations while O3 was 30 and 21 % higher (in the same environments) at the point of maximum restriction on mobility. The European urban NO2 experienced in the 2020 lockdown was equivalent to that which might be anticipated in 2028 based on average trends since 2010. Despite NO2 concentrations decreasing by approximately a third, total oxidant (Ox) changed little, suggesting that the reductions of NO2 were substituted by increases in O3. The lockdown period demonstrated that the expected future reductions in NO2 in European urban areas are likely to lead to a widespread increase in urban O3 pollution unless additional mitigation measures are introduced.
Intrahepatic adenosine-mediated activation of hepatorenal reflex is via A1receptors in rats (2006)

Previous studies have shown that intrahepatic adenosine is involved in activation of the hepatorenal reflex that regulates renal sodium and water excretion. The present study aims to determine which subtype of adenosine receptors is implicated in the process. Mean arterial pressure, portal venous pressure and flow, and renal arterial flow were monitored in pentobarbital anesthetized rats. Urine was collected from the bladder. Intraportal administration of 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX), a selective adenosine A1 receptor antagonist, increased urine flow by 24%, 89%, and 143% at the dose of 0.01, 0.03, and 0.1 mg x kg(-1), respectively; in contrast, DPCPX, when administered intravenously at the same doses, only increased urine flow by 0%, 18%, and 36%. The increases in urine flow induced by intraportal administration of DPCPX were abolished in rats with liver denervation. Intrahepatic infusion of adenosine significantly decreased urine flow and this response was abolished by intraportal administration of DPCPX. Neither intraportal nor intravenous administration of 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine, a selective adenosine A2 receptor antagonist, showed significant influence on urine flow. Systemic arterial pressure, renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate were unaltered by the administration of any of the drugs. In conclusion, intrahepatic adenosine A1 receptors are responsible for the adenosine-mediated hepatorenal reflex that regulates renal water and sodium excretion.
Sparse Doppler Sensing. (2017)

Spectral Doppler ultrasound imaging allows visualizing blood flow by estimating its velocity distribution over time. Duplex ultrasound is a modality in which an ultrasound system is used for displaying simultaneously both B-mode images and spectral Doppler data. In B-mode imaging short wide-band pulses are used to achieve sufficient spatial resolution in the images. In contrast, for Doppler imaging, narrow-band pulses are preferred in order to attain increased spectral resolution. Thus, the acquisition time must be shared between the two sequences. In this work, we propose a non-uniform slow-time transmission scheme for spectral Doppler, based on nested arrays, which reduces the number of pulses needed for accurate spectrum recovery. We derive the minimal number of Doppler emissions needed, using this approach, for perfect reconstruction of the blood spectrum in a noise-free environment. Next, we provide two spectrum recovery techniques which achieve this minimal number. The first method performs efficient recovery based on the fast Fourier transform. The second allows for continuous recovery of the Doppler frequencies, thus avoiding off-grid error leakage, at the expense of increased complexity. The performance of the techniques is evaluated using realistic Field II simulations as well as in vivo measurements, producing accurate spectrograms of the blood velocities using a significant reduced number of transmissions. The time gained, where no Doppler pulses are sent, can be used to enable the display of both blood velocities and high quality B-mode images at a high frame rate.
Technical Note: Effect of Soil on the pH of Treated Wood in Ground Contact (2010)

The pH of treated wood in ground contact will influence the type and activity of decay and nondecay microorganisms present as well as the solubility and leaching of metallic biocides.To determine the soil effect on the pH of treated wood in ground contact, southern pine sapwood samples commercially treated with five copper-based preservatives along with untreated pine were placed in pots filled with five different soils.The pH of the wood samples after a 12-wk exposure to basic soils increased, as anticipated.However, the pH of wood in acidic soils was more complex than expected with the treated wood pH always greater than soil pH.Two possible chemical mechanisms to explain the nonintuitive results for treated wood in acidic soils are given.
The time course of molecular acclimation to seawater in a euryhaline fish (2021)

The Arabian pupfish, Aphanius dispar, is a euryhaline fish inhabiting both inland nearly-freshwater desert ponds and highly saline Red Sea coastal lagoons of the Arabian Peninsula. Desert ponds and coastal lagoons, located respectively upstream and at the mouths of dry riverbeds ("wadies"), have been found to potentially become connected during periods of intense rainfall, which could allow the fish to migrate between these different habitats. Flash floods would therefore flush Arabian pupfish out to sea, requiring a rapid acclimation to a greater than 40 ppt change in salinity. To investigate the molecular pathways of salinity acclimation during such events, a Red Sea coastal lagoon and a desert pond population were sampled, with the latter exposed to a rapid increase in water salinity. Changes in branchial gene expression were investigated via genome-wide transcriptome measurements over time from 6 h to 21 days. The two natural populations displayed basal differences in genes related to ion transport, osmoregulation and immune system functions. These mechanisms were also differentially regulated in seawater transferred fish, revealing their crucial role in long-term adaptation. Other processes were only transiently activated shortly after the salinity exposure, including cellular stress response mechanisms, such as molecular chaperone synthesis and apoptosis. Tissue remodelling processes were also identified as transient, but took place later in the timeline, suggesting their importance to long-term acclimation as they likely equip the fish with lasting adaptations to their new environment. The alterations in branchial functional pathways displayed by Arabian pupfish in response to salinity increases are diverse. These reveal a large toolkit of molecular processes important for adaptation to hyperosmolarity that allow for successful colonization to a wide variety of different habitats.
Battery Binders: Highly Stretchable Conductive Glue for High‐Performance Silicon Anodes in Advanced Lithium‐Ion Batteries (Adv. Funct. Mater. 3/2018) (2018)

A highly stretchable conductive glue that functions both as binder and as conductive additive in Si anodes is reported by Yinhua Zhou, Kaifu Huo, and co-workers in article number 1704858. Lithium-ion batteries applying this anode exhibit high cycling stability, large reversible capacity, and high initial coulombic efficiency, making the approach promising for next-generation batteries.
In vitro biomimetic HPLC and in vivo characterisation of GM6, an endogenous regulator peptide drug candidate for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2018)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an idiopathic, fatal neurodegenerative disease of the human motor system. Subunits of the 33-amino acid containing motorneurontrophic factor (MNTF) have been investigated and GM6 has been found as a potential peptide therapeutic for ALS. This linear peptide drug candidate has been characterized by HPLC based physicochemical and biomimetic measurements to estimate its in vivo distribution behavior and to estimate its cell penetration and brain to plasma concentration ratio. The free tissue concentration vs time profile has been estimated using the measured physicochemical and biomimetic properties of the intact GM6 molecules and its microsomal stability. The in vitro and in vivo measurements supported the estimated in vivo distribution behavior of GM6.
Genetic engineering of embryonic stem cells (2006)

We describe a novel generation of lentiviral vectors that are particularly well suited for work with embryonic stem cells. The possibility of selecting cell lines with antibiotics and the rapid insertion of any combination of promoters and genes of interest makes them a powerful tool in the generation of transgenic ES cell lines. This vector can also greatly facilitate studies aimed at the improvement of neuronal engineering from ES cells, by making it possible to monitor the emergence and differentiation of neurons.
Effects of cooling rate on particle rearrangement statistics: Rapidly cooled glasses are more ductile and less reversible (2017)

Amorphous solids, such as metallic, polymeric, and colloidal glasses, display complex spatiotemporal response to applied deformations. In contrast to crystalline solids, during loading, amorphous solids exhibit a smooth crossover from elastic response to plastic flow. In this study, we investigate the mechanical response of binary Lennard-Jones glasses to athermal, quasistatic pure shear as a function of the cooling rate used to prepare them. We find several key results concerning the connection between strain-induced particle rearrangements and mechanical response. We show that the energy loss per strain dU_{loss}/dγ caused by particle rearrangements for more rapidly cooled glasses is larger than that for slowly cooled glasses. We also find that the cumulative energy loss U_{loss} can be used to predict the ductility of glasses even in the putative linear regime of stress versus strain. U_{loss} increases (and the ratio of shear to bulk moduli decreases) with increasing cooling rate, indicating enhanced ductility. In addition, we characterized the degree of reversibility of particle motion during a single shear cycle. We find that irreversible particle motion occurs even in the linear regime of stress versus strain. However, slowly cooled glasses, which undergo smaller rearrangements, are more reversible during a single shear cycle than rapidly cooled glasses. Thus, we show that more ductile glasses are also less reversible.
Spatial priority areas for individual and multiple hydrological ecosystem services with economic costs across teshio watershed, northernmost of Japan (2019)

Spatial priority areas for individual and multiple hydrological ecosystem services with economic costs across watershed through systematic conservation model represent a significant step toward cost-effective, transparent allocation of resources for ecosystem conservation and socio-economic development. However, current studies demonstrated that few economic costs derived from natural resources into hydrological ecosystem services reserve networks were involved into spatial conservation of hydrological ecosystem services. Therefore, there is a need for more challenging and integrated testing of economic costs to systematic conservation of hydrological ecosystem services across real-world watershed in order to build effective and reliable priority areas for hydrological ecosystem services. Here though systematic conservation model, we constructed spatial priority areas for multiple hydrological ecosystem services with different economic costs in Teshio watershed, northernmost of Japan. We demonstrated that economic costs impacted on the changes in spatial priority areas under a set of conservation targets and can obviously shift spatial patterns of priority areas for individual and multiple hydrological ecosystem services, which can increase the cost-effectiveness success of ecosystem service conservation for different stakeholders. Additionally, we examined how spatial correlations between priority areas for individual and multiple hydrological services under different economic cost scenarios, which can be recognized as surrogates to measure the ecosystem services tradeoffs from economic and ecological standpoint in the reserve networks designs. Therefore, integrating economic costs into ecosystem-based conservation in watershed is more-comprehensive ecological-economic conservation framework.
Ammonium ion and glucosamine dependent increases of oligosaccharide complexity in recombinant glycoproteins secreted from cultivated BHK‐21 cells (1998)

The effect of different ammonium concentrations and glucosamine on baby hamster kidney (BHK)-21 cell cultures grown in continuously perfused double membrane bioreactors was investigated with respect to the final carbohydrate structures of a secretory recombinant glycoprotein. The human interleukin-2 (IL-2) mutant glycoprotein variant IL-Mu6, which bears a novel N-glycosylation site (created by a single amino acid exchange of Gln100 to Asn), was produced under different defined protein-free culture conditions in the presence or absence of either glutamine, NH4Cl, or glucosamine. Recombinant glycoprotein products were purified and characterized by amino acid sequencing and carbohydrate structural analysis using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry, high-pH anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection, and methylation analysis. In the absence of glutamine, cells secreted glycoprotein forms with preponderantly biantennary, proximal fucosylated carbohydrate chains (85%) with a higher NeuAc content (58%). Under standard conditions in the presence of 7.5 mM glutamine, complex-type N-glycans were found to be mainly biantennary (68%) and triantennary structures (33%) with about 50% containing proximal α1-6-linked fucose; 37% of the antenna were found to be substituted with terminal α2-3-linked N-acetylneuraminic acid. In the presence of 15 mM exogenously added NH4Cl, a significant and reproducible increase in tri- and tetraantennary oligosaccharides (45% of total) was detected in the secretion product. In glutamin-free cultures supplemented with glucosamine, an intermediate amount of high antennary glycans was detected. The increase in complexity of N-linked oligosaccharides is considered to be brought about by the increased levels of intracellular uridine diphosphate-GlcNAc/GalNAc. These nucleotide sugar pools were found to be significantly elevated in the presence of high NH3/NH4+ and glucosamine concentrations. ©1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 57: 518-528, 1998.
Laccase-catalyzed functionalization with 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylurea significantly improves internal bond of particle boards (2008)

Abstract Enzymatic functionalization is an attractive tool to provide a reactive interface for further processing of lignocellulosic materials, such as wood particles and fibers. Here, spruce wood particles have been functionalized by fungal laccase combined with 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzylamine (HMBA) or 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylurea (HMBU). The expectation was crosslinking with resins in subsequent glueing processes, which should improve strength properties of particle boards. Essential process parameters, such as liquid to solid mass ratio and treatment time, were optimized on a laboratory scale resulting in HMBA and HMBU binding yields of 90% and above as determined by radiochemical mass balance analysis. We employed a multifactorial experimental design for board production from treated wood particles and urea/formaldehyde resin. Mechanical testing and multivariate data analysis revealed, for the first time, an increase of internal bond (IB) as a result of functionalization with HMBU. HMBA was not successful. Variance analysis of relevant parameters and their interactions demonstrated a highly significant difference (P&gt;99.99%) between boards treated with laccase/HMBU versus untreated wood particles. Due to positive interactions, functionalization was most effective at high bulk density (750 kg m -3 ) and high resin content (10%) resulting in a calculated IB improvement of 0.12 N m -2 (21%).
Eye-safe Data Transmission of 1.25 Gbit/s over 100-m SI-POF with Four Laser Diodes in the Visible Range (2012)

For the first time we have proved 1.25-Gbit/s eye-safe transmission over 50-m and 100-m links of step-index polymer optical fiber with edge emitting direct injection laser diodes operating at 405 nm, 450 nm, 515 nm and 650 nm each.
Site Isolation and Epoxidation Reactivity of a Templated Ferrous Bis(phenanthroline) Site in Porous Silica (2007)

Alter Ligand mit neuer Aufgabe: Anbinden eines CuI-Bis(phenanthrolin)-Komplexes an mesoporöses Siliciumoxid und Metallaustausch liefern räumlich isolierte FeII-Bis(phenanthrolin)-Komplexe, die endständige Olefine effizient mit Peressigsäure oxidieren (siehe Schema). Diese Strategie umgeht die Bildung eines FeII-Tris(phenanthrolin)-Komplexes, wie er in Lösung hauptsächlich vorliegt.
The insulin-like growth factor pathway is altered in spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 and type 7 (2008)

Polyglutamine diseases are inherited neurodegenerative disorders caused by expansion of CAG repeats encoding a glutamine tract in the disease-causing proteins. There are nine disorders, each having distinct features but also clinical and pathological similarities. In particular, spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 and 7 (SCA1 and SCA7) patients manifest cerebellar ataxia with degeneration of Purkinje cells. To determine whether the disorders share molecular pathogenic events, we studied two mouse models of SCA1 and SCA7 that express the glutamine-expanded protein from the respective endogenous loci. We found common transcriptional changes, with down-regulation of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5 (Igfbp5) representing one of the most robust changes. Igfbp5 down-regulation occurred in granule neurons through a non-cell-autonomous mechanism and was concomitant with activation of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) pathway and the type I IGF receptor on Purkinje cells. These data define one common pathogenic response in SCA1 and SCA7 and reveal the importance of intercellular mechanisms in their pathogenesis.
Focusing on the application of functional imaging examination in the field of neuro-ophthalmological (2010)

Functional imaging is a newly arisen interdisciplinary subject compared with the routine radiology displaying anatomy and morphology of lesions. It can exhibit the function-changed information, such as blood flow and metabolism of organs and tissues as visual images or data to provide organizational functions and metabolic information, which makes early diagnosis, more accurate orientation, qualitative definition, and also the prognosis judgment. The ophthalmologists should pay more attention to the functional imaging applications in the field of neuro-ophthalmology.

Key words: 
Optic Nerve Diseases/diagnosis; Magnetic resonance imaging/utilization; Editorial
ChemInform Abstract: Carbonylation of 1‐Bromo‐2,6‐bis(bromomethyl)benzene Catalyzed by Cobalt Carbonyl. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Drug delivery from gelatin-based systems (2015)

The modification of gelatin and its combinations with other biomaterials have demonstrated the flexibility of these systems and can be employed for meeting the challenges of finding ideal carrier systems that enable specific, targeted and controlled release in response to demands in the body.
PGO spin-coating precursor synthesis (2001)

Abstract Stable Pb5Ge3O11 spin-coating precursor has been synthesized using Pb(OAc)2.3H2O, Ge(OPr i )4. and 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethanol as starting materials. The synthesis procedures have been described in detail. During the synthesis, the heat-treatment under different environment may result in the oxidation state change of lead compound and the decomposition of Ge(OPr i )4. However using the UV spectroscopy analysis, the precursor solution change during the heat-treatment was successfully monitored, from which we have established an effective synthesis route. The final PGO spin-coating precursors are stable and in high concentration. The synthesis route is repeatable. High quality PGO ferroelectric thin films have been obtained using this PGO precursor.