gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Setting the Stage For Tailored Chemotherapy In the Management of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (2008)

Random selection of a chemotherapy regimen improves responses and survival only modestly in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Chemotherapy that is selected based on the molecular determinants of the tumor may further augment response rates and survival. This requires an in-depth understanding of the prognostic and predictive significance of the molecular determinants. The ultimate clinical utility of these molecular determinants will depend on the feasibility and ease of estimating these parameters using, in primary tumors, techniques that are widely applicable and relatively inexpensive. Using our work with excision repair cross-complementation group 1 (EERC1) and ribonucleotide reductase M1 (RRM1) as a paradigm, we demonstrate the step-wise development of molecular determinants as tools to aid in the selection of chemotherapy. We show that molecular determinant-based selection of chemotherapy is both feasible in the clinical setting and suggests clinical benefit. These findings are currently being confirmed in a Phase III trial. This paradigm could be used for developing customized treatment strategies for other cancers with other chemotherapeutic and targeted agents. In the future, identifying a molecular determinant could be an integral part of drug development. Developing functional imaging techniques for widely used molecular determinants would also mitigate the need for repeated invasive biopsies, allowing us to evaluate the change in the status of molecular determinants in response to treatment.
Synthesis and characterization of TiO2 quantum dots for photocatalytic application (2015)

In the present study, TiO2 quantum dots (QDs) were effectively synthesized by the sol–gel method and it was characterized by several techniques. The structure of the TiO2 QDs, before and after calcination, was analyzed by the powder X-ray diffraction technique. The XRD results indicate that after calcination, TiO2 QDs have pure anatase phase with tetragonal structure without any other phases and impurities. The morphology and size of the TiO2 QDs were determined from FE-SEM and TEM analysis. The optical band gap of TiO2 QDs was estimated using Kubelka–Munk function from diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity and recycling ability of the TiO2 QDs have been investigated. The TiO2 QDs were used to degrade the model dyes such as methyl orange and methylene blue under UV light irradiation and their results have been discussed. A mechanism is proposed and discussed accordingly in detail.
The analysis of large-scale gene expression correlated to the phase changes of the migratory locust (2004)

The migratory locust is one of the most notorious agricultural pests that undergo a well known reversible, density-dependent phase transition from the solitary to the gregarious. To demonstrate the underlying molecular mechanisms of the phase change, we generated 76,012 ESTs from the whole body and dissected organs in the two phases. Comparing 12,161 unigene clusters, we identified 532 genes as phase-related (P < 0.01). Comprehensive assessment of the phase-related expression revealed that, whereas most of the genes in various categories from hind legs and the midgut are down-regulated in the gregarious phase, several gene classes in the head are impressively up-regulated, including those with peptidase, receptor, and oxygen-binding activities and those related to development, cell growth, and responses to external stimuli. Among them, a superfamily of proteins, the JHPH super-family, which includes juvenile hormone-binding protein, hexamerins, prophenoloxidase, and hemocyanins, were highly expressed in the heads of the gregarious hoppers and hind legs of the solitary hoppers. Quantitative PCR experiments confirmed in part the EST results. These differentially regulated genes have strong functional implications that numerous molecular activities are involved in phase plasticity. This study provides ample molecular markers and genomic information on hemimetabolous insects and insights into the genetic and molecular mechanisms of phase changes in locusts.
Joint sensor placement and power rating selection in energy harvesting wireless sensor networks (2017)

In this paper, the focus is on optimal sensor placement and power rating selection for parameter estimation in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). We take into account the amount of energy harvested by the sensing nodes, communication link quality, and the observation accuracy at the sensor level. In particular, the aim is to reconstruct the estimation parameter with minimum error at a fusion center under a system budget constraint. To achieve this goal, a subset of sensing locations is selected from a large pool of candidate sensing locations. Furthermore, the type of sensor to be placed at those locations is selected from a given set of sensor types (e.g., sensors with different power ratings). We further investigate whether it is better to install a large number of cheap sensors, a few expensive sensors or a combination of different sensor types at the optimal locations.
Clinical features and correlation between radiographic parameters and incidence of calcaneal spur (2016)

Objective
To analyze the clinical features and the correlation between radiographic parameters and incidence of calcaneal spur in the patients from Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, China.


Methods
Three experienced observers independently used the image acquisition and transmission system (PACS) to collect the data of lateral and axial X-ray images of calcaneus or ankle joint in neutral position from the patients with calcaneal spur and normal controls who had undergone radiological examination in Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University from July 2014 through December 2015. Ten radiological parameters of the foot (Bohler angle, Gissane angle, calcaneal inclination angle, talocalcaneal angle, talus horizontal angle, posterior facet inclination angle, calcaneal length, height of the posterior facet, absolute foot height, and calcaneal width) were measured in both the patients and normal controls. The location, morphology and length of calcaneal spurs were compared between genders, sides and age groups.


Results
A total of 216 parpatients were included in the study. Female patients were more than male ones, simple plantar spurs more than simple achilles tendon ones, type B spurs more than type A ones, the length of achilles tendon spurs larger than that of plantar ones, female plantar spurs more than males ones, and the length of right foot plantar spurs larger than that of left foot ones. All the differences above were statistically significant (P 60 years old (P > 0.05). The incidence of calcaneal spur were significantly correlated to Gissane angle (P = 0.000, OR = 0.944, 95% CI 0.917-0.973), posterior facet inclination angle (P = 0.017, OR = 0.957, 95% CI 0.924-0.992) and height of the posterior facet (P = 0.007, OR = 0.933, 95% CI 0.886-0.981).


Conclusions
Calcaneal spur favored more females than males. Plantar spurs were more common than Achilles ones. Plantar spurs of Type B were more common than those of Type A. Achilles spurs were longer than plantar ones. More females suffered plantar spur than males. Right foot spurs were longer than left foot ones. Age had no significant influence on the spur characteristics. The incidence of spur might have been related to the Gissane angle, posterior facet inclination angle and height of the posterior facet of the foot.


Key words: 
Heel spur; X-rays; Disease attributes; Radiographic parameters
Out of plane anisotropic magnetoresistance and planar Hall effect in epitaxial film of La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 (2014)

We study the anisotropic magnetoresistance and planar Hall effect of La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 when the field is rotated out of the film plane. We fit the data with a model, which consists of two independent contributions related to (a) the orientation of the magnetization relative to the crystal axes and (b) the orientation of the magnetization relative to the current. We find that the first contribution exhibits a two-fold symmetry, which cannot be explained by the angular dependence of the magnetization magnitude, suggesting an intrinsic source which reflects a deviation from cubic symmetry.
ChemInform Abstract: Technetium(V)‐Nitrido Complexes of Dithiocarbazic Acid Derivatives. Reactivity of (TcN)2+ Core Toward Schiff Bases Derived from S‐Methyl Dithiocarbazate. Crystal Structures of (S‐Methyl 3‐(2‐hydroxyphenylmethylene)dithiocarbazato)nitrido(triphenylphosphine)technetium(V) and Bis(S‐methyl 3‐isopropylidenedithiocarbazato)nitridotechnetium(V). (1988)

Abstract The square‐pyramidal nitrido‐Tc(V) complexes (I), (II), and (III) are synthesized by substitution‐reduction reactions of (NBu 4 ) (TcNCl 4 ) or (AsPh 4 ) (TcNCl 4 ) with the corresponding tri‐ and bidentate Schiff bases and/or without PPh 3 or by substitution reactions of TcNCl 2 (PPh 3 ) 2 .
Metamorphosis of Boolean Compound Soft Objects (1996)

Recent work has on combining techniques from Constructive Solid Geometry and Implicit Surface Modeling based on soft objects has resulted in a powerful modelling technique the models are known as Boolean Compound Soft Objects, or BCSO for short) which consists of a boolean expression with union, intersection, and set difference operators. The geometric primitives that form the operands are soft objects bounded by the iso-surfaces resulting from suitable potential fields. These potential fields are parameterized by configurations of so called skeletal elements. The resulting system, unlike most CSG systems, combines blended and unblended primitives. These models have many of the advantages of both implicit surface and CSG models. One technique that has proved useful in animation of implicit surface models is metamorphosis, smoothly changing one model into another. Since CSG models are defined by boolean expressions it is not obvious how to apply such a smooth change to CSG models. In th...
BladeCenter system overview (2005)

The IBM eServer™ BladeCenter® system was conceived in the fall of 1999 by members of the IBM xSeries® server brand technical team (at the time, called the Netfinity® brand). It was a new idea, and for some, too revolutionary to consider. After considerable end-user feedback, technical refinement, and internal discussion and debate, the concept was developed into a leadership server product. This paper provides a brief historic overview of the development of the architecture and blade servers, and a technical description of the BladeCenter system and technology.
Mechanism of Cholinergic Inhibition of Dog Thyroid Secretionin Vitro* (1984)

It has been previously shown that carbamylcholine (10(-5) M) decreases TSH-induced cAMP accumulation and hormone secretion in dog thyroid slices. The mechanism of the latter effect has been investigated in this work. The role of a decrease of cAMP level as the sole mediator of the inhibition of secretion was excluded: the inhibition persisted in the presence of 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine at 10(-4) M, which completely abolished the carbamylcholine-induced decrease in cAMP. Moreover, carbamylcholine also inhibited secretion when the slices were incubated with 0.4 mM (Bu)2cAMP. Scanning electron microscopic studies showed that carbamylcholine added at the same time as TSH blocked the formation of pseudopods in response to TSH within 2 min. The kinetic and morphological effects of carbamylcholine added at the same time as, or 90 min after, TSH were similar to those of cytochalasin B (3 micrograms/ml). After carbamylcholine addition at time 90 min, the stimulated secretion rate persisted unchanged for 46 +/- 10 min (mean +/- SD) (n = 6). During this period the colloid droplets disappeared from the cells. Carbamylcholine, like cytochalasin B, did not affect the basal secretion, which is independent of phagocytosis. It is concluded that carbamylcholine (10(-5) M) inhibits stimulated thyroid secretion at a step beyond cAMP accumulation by blocking pseudopod formation and not by inhibiting thyroglobulin hydrolysis or hormone diffusion.
Nanometer-scale III–V CMOS (2016)

In the last few years, as Si electronics faces mounting difficulties to maintain its historical scaling path, transistors based on III-V compound semiconductors have emerged as a credible alternative. To get to this point, fundamental technical problems had to be solved though there are still many challenges that need to be addressed before the first non-Si CMOS technology becomes a reality. Among them, harnessing the outstanding electron transport properties of InGaAs, the leading n-channel material candidate, towards a high-performance nanoscale MOSFET has proven difficult: contact resistance, off-state characteristics, reliability and Si integration remain serious problems. Introducing a new material system is not the only challenge, scalability to sub-10 nm gate dimensions also demands a new 3D transistor geometry. InGaAs FinFETs, Trigate MOSFETs and Nanowire MOSFETs have all been demonstrated but their performance is still disappointing. To compound the challenge, a high-performance nanoscale p-type transistor is also required. Among III-Vs, InGaSb is the most promising candidate. Planar MOSFETs have been demonstrated but more advanced geometries remain elusive. This talk will review recent progress as well as challenges confronting III-V electronics for future CMOS logic applications.
Plasma demeclocycline levels and nephrotoxicity. Correlation in hyponatremic cirrhotic patients. (1980)

In five hyponatremic, cirrhotic patients, demeclocycline hydrochloride was used to inhibit the hydroosmotic effect of vasopressin. In four, renal impairment developed during the 7 to 20 days of demeclocycline hydrochloride (900 to 1,200 mg/day) administration. In these four patients, creatinine clearance fell (72 to 20 mL/min, P less than .01) as BUN (12 to 47 mg/dl, P less than .02) and serum creatinine (0.9 to 4.2 mg/dl, P less than .01) levels rose. The azotemic effect of the drug could not be accounted for consistently by volume depletion secondary to its natriuretic effect. However, a close correlation between plasma demeclocycline levels and its azotemic effect was observed. We conclude that a nephrotoxic effect of demeclocycline severly limits its usefulness in treating hyponatremia in the cirrhotic patient.
Structural properties of soluble peptide amphiphile micelles (2011)

Peptide amphiphiles (PAs) self-assemble into dynamic micellar structures that provide a multivalent display of functional peptides and are currently being developed for use in a wide range of therapeutic and diagnostic applications. This review focuses on the physical properties of PA assemblies that remain soluble under physiological conditions, termed protein analogous micelles. The relationship between PA monomer design, secondary structure, and the resulting micelle size and shape is examined, highlighting the complex balance of forces between the hydrophobic tail and the peptide headgroup. Micelle stability is also discussed, as stability is an important factor which will dictate the circulation behavior of micelles and their interaction with various tissues and cells. Analysis of different PA systems reveals methods for controlling micelle structure and stability, demonstrating how the physical properties of PA micelles can be tailored for specific applications.
Signed distance transform using graphics hardware (2004)

This paper presents a signed distance transform algorithm using graphics hardware, which computes the scalar valued function of the Euclidean distance to a given manifold of co-dimension one. If the manifold is closed and orientable, the distance has a negative sign on one side of the manifold and a positive sign on the other. Triangle meshes are considered for the representation of a two-dimensional manifold and the distance function is sampled on a regular Cartesian grid. In order to achieve linear complexity in the number of grid points, to each primitive we assign a simple polyhedron enclosing its Voronoi cell. Voronoi cells are known to contain exactly all points that lay closest to its corresponding primitive. Thus, the distance to the primitive only has to be computed for grid points inside its polyhedron. Although Voronoi cells partition space, the polyhedrons enclosing these cells do overlap. In regions where these overlaps occur, the minimum of all computed distances is assigned to a grid point. In order to speed up computations, points inside each polyhedron are determined by scan conversion of grid slices using graphics hardware. For this task, a fragment program is used to perform the nonlinear interpolation and minimization of distance values.
Unidirectional propagation of magnetostatic surface spin waves at a magnetic film surface (2014)

An analytical expression for the amplitudes of magnetostatic surface spin waves (MSSWs) propagating in opposite directions at a magnetic film surface is presented. This shows that for a given magnetic field H, it is forbidden for an independent MSSW to propagate along the direction of −H→×n→, where n→ is the surface normal. This unidirectional propagation property is confirmed by experiments with both permalloy and yttrium iron garnet films of different film thicknesses, and has implications in the design of spin-wave devices such as isolators and spin-wave diodes.
Development of photonic crystal based large format IR scene projection technology (2012)

This paper describes recent results from the Extremely High Temperature Photonic Crystal System Technology (XTEMPS) technology program. The XTEMPS program has developed a Photonic Crystal (PhC) based high efficiency IR emitter array for use in the emerging generation of wide field of view high performance scene projectors. Cyan's approach provides high dynamic range, multispectral emission from SWIR to LWIR and is uniquely capable of accurately simulating very realistic system spectral signatures. The PhC array is fabricated from refractory materials to provide high radiance and long service lifetime. Cyan is teamed with Sandia National Laboratories for design and fabrication of the emitter and with Nova sensors to utilize their advanced Read In Integrated Circuit (RIIC). PhC based emitters show improved inband output power efficiency when compared to broad band "graybody" emitters due to the absence of out-of-band emission. Less electrical power is required to achieve high operating temperature, and non-Lambertian emission pattern puts a large fraction of the emitted energy into a straight ahead beam. Both effects significantly boost effective radiance output. Cyan has demonstrated pixel designs compatible with Nova's medium format RIIC, which ensures high apparent output temperatures with modest drive currents and low operating voltages of less than five volts. Unit cell pixel structures for high radiative efficiency have been demonstrated and arrays using PhC optimized for up to four spectral bands have been successfully patterned and fabricated into high yield wafers.
The Role of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Receptors in the Mature Hippocampus: Modulation of Long-Term Potentiation through a Presynaptic Mechanism involving TrkB (2000)

The neurotrophin BDNF has been shown to modulate long-term potentiation (LTP) at Schaffer collateral-CA1 hippocampal synapses. Mutants in the BDNF receptor gene trkB and antibodies to its second receptor p75NTR have been used to determine the receptors and cells involved in this response. Inhibition of p75NTR does not detectably reduce LTP or affect presynaptic function, but analyses of newly generated trkB mutants implicate TrkB. One mutant has reduced expression in a normal pattern of TrkB throughout the brain. The second mutant was created by cre-loxP-mediated removal of TrkB in CA1 pyramidal neurons of this mouse. Neither mutant detectably impacts survival or morphology of hippocampal neurons. TrkB reduction, however, affects presynaptic function and reduces the ability of tetanic stimulation to induce LTP. Postsynaptic glutamate receptors are not affected by TrkB reduction, indicating that BDNF does not modulate plasticity through postsynaptic TrkB. Consistent with this, elimination of TrkB in postsynaptic neurons does not affect LTP. Moreover, normal LTP is generated in the mutant with reduced TrkB by a depolarization-low-frequency stimulation pairing protocol that puts minimal demands on presynaptic terminal function. Thus, BDNF appears to act through TrkB presynaptically, but not postsynaptically, to modulate LTP.
Sphere decoding algorithms with improved radius search (2004)

This work first identifies the most efficient version of the sphere decoding algorithms (SDA) We then develop a novel SDA based on an improved increasing radius search (IIRS), which essentially achieves maximum likelihood (ML) error performance with considerable complexity reduction and provides both design intuition and analytical parameter specification. A probabilistic trimming approach, which exploits both channel realizations and the noise distribution is also introduced. Simulations confirm our claims on both the IIRS and the probabilistic trimming aspects.
Pulmonary function and bronchial hyperreactivity in asthmatic children with house dust mite allergy during prolonged stay in the Italian Alps (Misurina, 1756 m). (1985)

The effects of high altitude were evaluated in 14 children with allergic bronchial asthma over an 8-month period. Clinical improvement, as assessed by decreased bronchial lability, was demonstrated by pulmonary function studies. There was a decreased requirement for drugs and steroids were discontinued in our children. The results of this study suggest the use of this approach as a possible adjunct to the management of refractory cases of bronchial asthma.
Ultimate pressure of the order of 10−13 Torr in an aluminum alloy vacuum chamber (1989)

An extremely high vacuum chamber for the calibration of ultrahigh vacuum gauges was fabricated and tested. The chamber has an inner diameter of 250 mm and is 1800 mm long. It has 20 gauge ports and a liquid-nitrogen shroud inside to suppress interference between gauges and to avoid pressure rise due to thermal radiation from the gauges. The vacuum chamber was made of specially extruded aluminum alloy A6063-T6-EX in an oxygen and argon atmosphere. The chamber was assembled using tungsten inert gas welding in an argon atmosphere. After a bakeout at 150 °C for 24 h, a specific outgassing rate of the order of 10−13 Torr l/s cm2 was obtained. The system was evacuated with a turbobacked 300 l/s turbomolecular pump. The extremely high vacuum is maintained by two 300 l/s sputter ion pumps and a titanium sublimation pump with a liquid-nitrogen shroud. These pumps are also made of aluminum alloys. An ultimate pressure of 3×10−13 Torr was measured with a point collector gauge with spherical anode. Residual gas analysis in the 3×10−12 Torr was performed by a newly developed Q-mass filter.
Planning the reconfiguration of grounded truss structures with truss climbing robots that carry truss elements (2009)

In this paper we describe an optimal reconfiguration planning algorithm that morphs a grounded truss structure of known geometry into a new geometry. The plan consists of a sequence of paths to move truss elements to their new locations that generate the new truss geometry. The trusses are grounded and remain connected at all time. Intuitively, the algorithm grows gradually the new truss structure from the old one. The truss elements are rigid bars joined with 18-way connectors. The paper also introduces the design of a truss-climbing robot that can execute the plan.