gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Serovar distribution of urogenital Chlamydia trachomatis strains in The Netherlands. (1988)

The distribution of serovars in 208 Chlamydia trachomatis strains of urogenital origin isolated from 185 patients attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic in Rotterdam, The Netherlands, was assessed. Typing by monoclonal antisera using a dot enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) showed that the most common serovars were E (found in 45 strains), F (39), D (34), and K (28). Other serovars detected were H (21), G, I, I', J (two to 12), and B (one strain). Mixed infection with two serovars was detected in two patients. These results indicate that most genital infections with C trachomatis result from a small number of serovars, and that those serovars are similar in The Netherlands and Seattle, USA.
Parotid Swelling During Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection (1988)

In Europe and in the United States, bilateral parotid gland swelling has been observed as a sign of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in children, but it has not been associated with HIV infection in adults. We observed a chronic parotid gland swelling in nine HIV-seropositive patients during a nine-month period in Kinshasa, Zaire. Parotid gland enlargement was bilateral in seven patients (78%), slightly painful in seven patients (78%), and painless in two patients (22%). No evidence of inflammation was observed around Stensen's duct. One of the two patients in whom a parotid gland biopsy was performed had a malignant lymphoma of the large-cell, histiocytic type. In the other patient, the parotid gland showed normal morphology with minor inflammation. Among 284 adults and 40 children with symptomatic HIV infection, chronic parotid gland enlargement was observed in none of the patients. However, two (0.7%) of the adults presented with an acute pyogenic parotitis. Further studies are needed to determine whether parotid gland enlargement is associated with HIV infection.
Ca-induced phase transition at 150 K inY1−xCaxBa2Cu4O8single-phase high-Tcsuperconducting material (1993)

Elastic and specific-heat measurements have been performed on single-phase polycrystalline ${\mathrm{Y}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ca}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{4}$${\mathrm{O}}_{8}$ (x=0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1) in the temperature region from 100 to 180 K. Anomalies are detected in elastic and specific-heat measurements at 150 K for Ca-doped specimens. A reversible steplike change in sound velocity accompanied by an attenuation peak is observed in material with x=0.1 doping at 150 K on cooling and heating, for both longitudinal and transverse modes. These elastic anomalies have a clearly observable counterpart in the specific heat. The anomalies in elastic and specific-heat measurements show dominantly the character of a mean-field-type phase transition. We observe similar anomalies at the same temperature even for x=0.025 and 0.05, while for pure ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{4}$${\mathrm{O}}_{8}$ samples no anomalies are found in this temperature region. Thus we find a Ca-induced, but concentration-independent, transition temperature in the available range of x values. No magnetic anomaly is found by ac magnetic susceptibility. The transition is proposed to be of a structural type although x-ray powder diffraction did not reveal the origin.
Addition of PEG-Thiol to Cu Electroless Plating Bath for Realizing Perfect Conformal Deposition in Through-Si Via Holes of 3-D Integration (2010)

Cu electroless plating is one of the most promising methods to form a seed layer of electroplating for Cu filling in TSV of 3-D integration. However, with an increase of the aspect ratio of TSV, a uniformity of Cu thickness at the sidewall of TSV becomes poor due to consumption of Cu ions and reducing agents near the entrance of TSVs. In this study, we have studied an addition of PEG-thiol to an electroless Cu plating bath with a reducing agent of glyoxylic acid. We achieved conformal deposition of Cu for TSV with diameters of 4 to 10 μm by this method. The Cu thickness of the TSV sidewall remained constant with depth even for a high aspect ratio TSVs. This method is very effective for a formation of a thin Cu seed layer prior to the Cu electroplating process of TSV-filling.
The morphologies and fluorescence quantum yields of perylene diimide dye-doped PS and PHVB microspheres (2018)

Aggregation and continuous π-stacking have been the major obstacles hindering the fluorescence (FL) quantum yield (<i>Φ</i> <sub>F</sub>) of perylene diimide (PDI) derivatives in the condensed phase. To prepare polymer microspheres with nearly unity <i>Φ</i> <sub>F</sub>, in this work a POSS functionalized PDI derivative, POSS-PDI-POSS (PPP), was applied as the red fluorophore of poly(3-hydroxylbutyrate-<i>co</i>-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) and polystyrene (PS) microspheres. The electrosprayed PPP/PHBV and PPP/PS microspheres have unique hollow structures. Moreover, they show bright red FL under a fluorescence microscope. A photophysical study of the microspheres indicates a significant role of the polymer matrix in disrupting the aggregation state and the <i>Φ</i> <sub>F</sub> of the embedded PPP fluorophore. Both the PPP/PHBV and the PPP/PS microspheres show higher <i>Φ</i> <sub>F</sub> than most PDI materials in the condensed phase. The PPP/PHBV microspheres show <i>Φ</i> <sub>F</sub> of 28%, whereas the PPP/PS microspheres give nearly unity <i>Φ</i> <sub>F</sub>.
Age-Dependent Decreases in Fibrinolytic Enzyme Activities in Serum of Healthy Subjects. (1994)

We investigated the age-dependency of serum levels of 9 kinds of proteases. The results showed that the enzymatic activities corresponding to urokinase, plasmin, and thrombin, all involved in blood clotting and fibrinolysis, were inversely correlated with age. This suggests that there is some similarity between the normal process of aging and the pathologic process of Alzheimer's disease. Compared with our previous data on Alzheimer patients, the present results indicate that some derangement in the aging process is involved in the pathogenetic mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease.
Lipase-catalyzed Approaches towards Secondary Alcohols: Intermediates for Enantiopure Drugs (2010)

The use of enantiopure intermediates for drug synthesis is a trend in pharmaceutical industry. Different physiological effects are associated with the enantiomers of chiral molecules. Thus, the safety profile of a drug based on an enantiopure active pharmaceutical ingredient is more reliable. Biocatalysis is an important tool to access enantiopure molecules. In biocatalysis, the advantage of selectivity (chemo-, regio- and stereoselectivity) is combined with the benefits of a green synthesis strategy. Chemoenzymatic syntheses of drug molecules, obtained by combining biocatalysis with modern chemical synthesis steps usually consists of fewer reaction steps, reduced waste production and improved overall synthetic efficiency both in yields and enantio- and/or diastereoselectivities compared with classical chemical synthesis.&#13;\n&#13;\nThe experimental work together with the literature review clearly indicates that lipase catalysis is highly applicable in the synthesis of enantiopure intermediates of drug molecules as the basis to infer the correct stereochemistry. By lipase catalysis, enantiopure secondary alcohols used as intermediates in the synthesis of Dorzolamide, an antiglaucoma drug, were obtained. Enantiopure _-hydroxy nitriles as potential intermediates for the synthesis of antidepressant drugs with 1-aryl-3- methylaminopropan-1-ol structure were also obtained with lipases. Kinetic resolution of racemates was the main biocatalytic approach applied. &lt;i&gt;Candida Antarctica&lt;/i&gt; lipase B, &lt;i&gt;Burkholderia cepacia&lt;/i&gt; lipase and &lt;i&gt; Thermomyces lanuginosus&lt;/i&gt; lipase were applied for the acylation of alcohols and the alcoholysis of their esters in organic solvents, such as in diisopropyl ether and &lt;i&gt;tert-&lt;/i&gt;butyl methyl ether. &lt;i&gt;Candida Antarctica&lt;/i&gt; lipase B was used under solvent free conditions for the acylation of ethyl 3-hydroxybutanoate.
The effect of the thicknesses of the various layers on the colour emitted by an organic electroluminescent device (1998)

Organic electroluminescent diodes based on thin organic layers are one of the most promising next-generation systems for the backlighting of the liquid crystal screens. Among other methods to obtain white light, three-layer luminescent devices with each layer emitting one of the three fundamental colours have been studied here. Red, green and blue light were produced by doped with Nile red, and TPD layers respectively. A fourth thin film of TAZ has been inserted between TPD and to control injection of electrons into the TPD. The effect of the layers' thicknesses on the spectral emission of the device has been examined. Results show that the thicknesses of TAZ and doped layers have to be controlled to within a precision of better than 5 Å. The discussion turns on the possibility of applying this technology to screen backlighting.
Functional Analysis of Human FEN1 in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae and Its Role in Genome Stability (1999)

The flap endonuclease, FEN1, is an evolutionarily conserved component of DNA replication from archaebacteria to humans. Based on in vitro results, it processes Okazaki fragments during replication and is involved in base excision repair. FEN1 removes the last primer ribonucleotide on the lagging strand and it cleaves a 5' flap that may result from strand displacement during replication or during base excision repair. Its biological importance has been revealed largely through studies in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae where deletion of the homologous gene RAD27 results in genome instability and mutagen sensitivity. While the in vivo function of Rad27 has been well characterized through genetic and biochemical approaches, little is understood about the in vivo functions of human FEN1. Guided by our recent results with yeast RAD27, we explored the function of human FEN1 in yeast. We found that the human FEN1 protein complements a yeast rad27 null mutant for a variety of defects including mutagen sensitivity, genetic instability and the synthetic lethal interactions of a rad27 rad51 and a rad27 pol3-01 mutant. Furthermore, a mutant form of FEN1 lacking nuclease function exhibits dominant-negative effects on cell growth and genome instability similar to those seen with the homologous yeast rad27 mutation. This genetic impact is stronger when the human and yeast PCNA-binding domains are exchanged. These data indicate that the human FEN1 and yeast Rad27 proteins act on the same substrate in vivo. Our study defines a sensitive yeast system for the identification and characterization of mutations in FEN1.
On self-organizing algorithms and networks for class-separability features (1997)

We describe self-organizing learning algorithms and associated neural networks to extract features that are effective for preserving class separability. As a first step, an adaptive algorithm for the computation of Q(-1/2) (where Q is the correlation or covariance matrix of a random vector sequence) is described. Convergence of this algorithm with probability one is proven by using stochastic approximation theory, and a single-layer linear network architecture for this algorithm is described, which we call the Q(-1/2) network. Using this network, we describe feature extraction architectures for: 1) unimodal and multicluster Gaussian data in the multiclass case; 2) multivariate linear discriminant analysis (LDA) in the multiclass case; and 3) Bhattacharyya distance measure for the two-class case. The LDA and Bhattacharyya distance features are extracted by concatenating the Q (-1/2) network with a principal component analysis network, and the two-layer network is proven to converge with probability one. Every network discussed in the study considers a flow or sequence of inputs for training. Numerical studies on the performance of the networks for multiclass random data are presented.
Using Data Visualization Technique to Detect Sensitive Information Re-Identification Problem of Real Open Dataset (2016)

Opening data of plenty valuable information as public dataset provides great potential treasure to academy or industry. Despite of de-identification process that most of data owner will take before releasing those data, however, the more datasets are opened to public, the more likely personal privacy exposed will be. Previous studies have shown that personal identity and sensitive information might be re-identified by joining two or more de-identified data table with common attributes. According to previous real case studies, even though the personally identifiable information have been de-identified, sensitive personal information still could be uncovered by heterogeneous or cross-domain data joining operation. This kind of privacy re-identification are usually too complicated or obscure to be realized by data owner, not to mention that this problem will be more severe as the scale of data goes large. For the purpose of preventing damage of sensitive information leakage, this paper shows how to use a novel open data de-identification visualization analysis tool (ODD Visualizer) to verify whether there exists sensitive information leakage problem in the target datasets. The high effectiveness, that ODD Visualizer can provide, mainly comes from implementing scalable computing platform as well as developing efficient data visualization technique. Demonstration proves that ODD Visualizer indeed uncovered one real vulnerability of record linkage attack among open datasets available on the internet.
Supplementary Table 2 from SIRT5 Is a Druggable Metabolic Vulnerability in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Ranked list of 1,287 genes from shRNA library screen in primary AML cells. The 1,287 genes assessed with an shRNA library screen were sorted by the second highest percentile fold change present in 2 shRNA and across 2 samples, with the 34 genes showing a fold change in the top 2 percent in more than 2 samples listed first.&lt;/p&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: Simple and Convenient Synthesis of 4‐Unsubstituted‐3‐(3‐oxoalkyl)isocoumarins. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Green Pea and Garlic Puree Model Food Development for Thermal Pasteurization Process Quality Evaluation (2017)

Development and selection of model foods is a critical part of microwave thermal process development, simulation validation, and optimization. Previously developed model foods for pasteurization process evaluation utilized Maillard reaction products as the time-temperature integrators, which resulted in similar temperature sensitivity among the models. The aim of this research was to develop additional model foods based on different time-temperature integrators, determine their dielectric properties and color change kinetics, and validate the optimal model food in hot water and microwave-assisted pasteurization processes. Color, quantified using a<sup>*</sup> value, was selected as the time-temperature indicator for green pea and garlic puree model foods. Results showed 915 MHz microwaves had a greater penetration depth into the green pea model food than the garlic. a<sup>*</sup> value reaction rates for the green pea model were approximately 4 times slower than in the garlic model food; slower reaction rates were preferred for the application of model food in this study, that is quality evaluation for a target process of 90 °C for 10 min at the cold spot. Pasteurization validation used the green pea model food and results showed that there were quantifiable differences between the color of the unheated control, hot water pasteurization, and microwave-assisted thermal pasteurization system. Both model foods developed in this research could be utilized for quality assessment and optimization of various thermal pasteurization processes.
Study of the Space Station On-Orbit Leak Detection Based on the Differential Pressure Gas Sensor (2013)

Studying the space station on-orbit leak detection technology was the important part of manned spacecraft on-orbit detection and security protection technology, and it was also the important way to prevent spacecraft from leaking accident, and very significative for astronauts' life safe. And the detection system consisted of differential pressure gas sensor as the core and interior dissymmetrical datum cubage. Through theory and experimental study, this system leak detection sensitivity, feasibility and validity was summarized. The study conclusions indicate the precision of space station on-orbit leak detection by the differential pressure method is very high, and leak detection sensitivity is about 2.5X10-3Pa·3/s in four hours, and the leak rate which is more than 1X10-2Pa·3/s can be accurately tested in the four hours. What is more, the experiment results show the method is valid and feasible and meets the space station requirements, and these study conclusions apply some references for developing the engineering system in the future.
A Highly Selective GSK-3β Inhibitor CHIR99021 Promotes Osteogenesis by Activating Canonical and Autophagy-Mediated Wnt Signaling (2022)

The discovery and application of small molecules is one of the practical strategies of safe osteogenic drugs. The small molecule CHIR99021 (C91) is a highly specific, safe, and most effective GSK-3β Inhibitor. This study found that it efficiently activates the canonical Wnt signaling of bone marrow stromal cell ST2 and promotes osteoblast differentiation and mineralization. C91 increases the production and biochemical activity of osteoblast marker alkaline phosphatase, the expression of osteoblast marker genes <i>Alpl, Bglap, Runx2</i>, and <i>Sp7</i>, and the formation of bone nodules. Triptonide is a transcription inhibitor of Wnt target gene, which diminishes C91-induced osteoblast differentiation in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, C91 also induces autophagy through autophagosome formation and conversion of autophagy biomarker LC-3I into LC-3II. Autophagy inhibitor 3MA partially reduces C91-induced osteoblast differentiation and mineralization; autophagy inducer Rapamycin increases the expression of β-catenin to promote osteogenic differentiation, but cannot alleviate the inhibition of Triptonide on C91-induced osteogenic differentiation, indicating the crosstalk of canonical Wnt signaling and autophagy regulates C91-induced osteoblast differentiation. Furthermore, in order to simulate the <i>in vivo</i> detection of C91 in osteogenesis process, we made a C91 slow-release hydrogel with our newly established polycaprolactone and cell-integrated 3D printing system (PCCI3D module). The sustained release C91 promotes the differentiation and mineralization of ST2 cells. C91 can also enhance the proliferative activity of ST2 cells. The release rate of C91 from hydrogel gradually decreases within 7 days. During this period, the C91 is released by 83.0% and the cell viability maintained at 96.4%. Therefore, the small molecule Wnt agonist C91 promotes osteogenesis through caonical and autophagy-mediated Wnt signaling pathway with an option for translational application.
Application of light detection and ranging and ultrasonic sensors to high-throughput phenotyping and precision horticulture: current status and challenges (2018)

Ultrasonic and light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensors have been some of the most deeply investigated sensing technologies within the scope of digital horticulture. They can accurately estimate geometrical and structural parameters of the tree canopies providing input information for high-throughput phenotyping and precision horticulture. A review was conducted in order to describe how these technologies evolved and identify the main investigated topics, applications, and key points for future investigations in horticulture science. Most research efforts have been focused on the development of data acquisition systems, data processing, and high-resolution 3D modeling to derive structural tree parameters such as canopy volume and leaf area. Reported applications of such sensors for precision horticulture were restricted to real-time variable-rate solutions where ultrasonic or LiDAR sensors were tested to adjust plant protection product or fertilizer dose rates according to the tree volume variability. More studies exploring other applications in site-specific management are encouraged; some that integrates canopy sensing data with other sources of information collected at the within-grove scale (e.g., digital elevation models, soil type maps, historical yield maps, etc.). Highly accurate 3D tree models derived from LiDAR scanning demonstrate their great potential for tree phenotyping. However, the technology has not been widely adopted by researchers to evaluate the performance of new plant varieties or the outcomes from different management practices. Commercial solutions for tree scanning of whole groves, orchards, and nurseries would promote such adoption and facilitate more applied research in plant phenotyping and precision horticulture.
Characterization of Epidemiologically Unrelated Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates from Four Continents by Use of Multilocus Sequence Typing, Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis, and Sequence-Based Typing of bla OXA-51-like Genes (2010)

This study used a diverse collection of epidemiologically unrelated Acinetobacter baumannii isolates to compare the robustness of a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme, based on conserved regions of seven housekeeping genes, gltA, gdhB, recA, cpn60, rpoD, gyrB, and gpi, with that of sequence-based typing of bla(OXA-51-like) genes (SBT-bla(OXA-51-like) genes). The data obtained by analysis of MLST and SBT-bla(OXA-51-like) genes were compared to the data generated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The topologies of the phylogenetic trees generated for the gyrB and gpi genes showed evidence of recombination and were inconsistent with those of the trees generated for the other five genes. MLST identified 24 sequence types (STs), of which 19 were novel, and 5 novel alleles. Clonality was demonstrated by eBURST analysis and standardized index of association values of >1 (P < 0.001). MLST data revealed that all isolates harboring the major bla(OXA-51-like) alleles OXA-66, OXA-69, and OXA-71 fell within the three major European clonal lineages. However, the MLST data were not always in concordance with the PFGE data, and some isolates containing the same bla(OXA-51-like) allele demonstrated <50% relatedness by PFGE. It was concluded that the gyrB and gpi genes are not good candidates for use in MLST analysis and that a SBT-bla(OXA-51-like) gene scheme produced results comparable to those produced by MLST for the identification of the major epidemic lineages, with the advantage of having a significantly reduced sequencing cost and time. It is proposed that studies of A. baumannii epidemiology could involve initial screening of bla(OXA-51-like) alleles to identify isolates belonging to major epidemic lineages, followed by MLST analysis to categorize isolates from common lineages, with PFGE being reserved for fine-scale typing.