gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experiments with single electrons in liquid helium (2009)

We describe experiments we have performed in which we are able to image the motion of individual electrons moving in liquid helium 4. Electrons in helium form bubbles of radius ~19 \AA{}. We use the negative pressure produced by a sound wave to expand these bubbles to a radius of about $10\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\text{m}$. The bubbles are then illuminated with light from a flash lamp and their position recorded. We report on several interesting phenomena that have been observed in these experiments. It appears that the majority of the electrons that we detect result from cosmic rays passing through the experimental cell. We discuss this mechanism for electron production.
Dynamic and Static Cerebral Autoregulation during Isoflurane, Desflurane, and Propofol Anesthesia (1995)

At 1.5 MAC, isoflurane and desflurane impaired autoregulation whereas propofol (200 micrograms.kg-1.min-1) preserved it.
Biometric authentication using photoplethysmography signals (2016)

This paper considers signals from the cardiovascular system for possible use in biometric authentication. The signals of particular interest here derive from photoplethysmography (PPG), which refers to the use of illumination-based sensors that are sensitive to volumetric changes as blood travels through the body. Photoplethysmography sensors have been developed for the fingertip and the ear lobe, and they provide a convenient, noninvasive means of measuring heart rate and heart-rate variability. We demonstrate in this paper that PPG-based signals also have the potential to be used for biometric authentication, even though PPG signals appear to convey much less information than their electromagnetic counterparts, electrocardiograms (ECG). Through a novel decomposition into a sum-of-Gaussians representation, we present experimental results that indicate rank-1 accuracies of 90% and 95% with 2 seconds and 8 seconds of PPG test signal data, respectively. To our knowledge, this paper is the first to demonstrate robust PPG-based authentication for subjects with different emotional states.
The Line Seen from Below (2003)

To designate the work of the manual workers on the assembly line, the Sochaux plant has a variety of expressions such as travail en chaîne or travail en ligne, while those involved will talk of travail en poste. These phrases express a variety of points of view on the situation so designated.
Narrowband multi-source direction-of-arrival estimation in the spherical harmonic domain (2021)

A conventional approach to wideband multi-source (MS) direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation is to perform single source (SS) DOA estimation in time-frequency (TF) bins for which a SS assumption is valid. Such methods use the W-disjoint orthogonality (WDO) assumption due to the speech sparseness. As the number of sources increases, the chance of violating the WDO assumption increases. As shown in the challenging scenarios with multiple simultaneously active sources over a short period of time masking each other, it is possible for a strongly masked source (due to inconsistency of activity or quietness) to be rarely dominant in a TF bin. SS-based DOA estimators fail in the detection or accurate localization of masked sources in such scenarios. Two analytical approaches are proposed for narrowband DOA estimation based on the MS assumption in a bin in the spherical harmonic domain. In the first approach, eigenvalue decomposition is used to decompose a MS scenario into multiple SS scenarios, and a SS-based analytical DOA estimation is performed on each. The second approach analytically estimates two DOAs per bin assuming the presence of two active sources per bin. The evaluation validates the improvement to double accuracy and robustness to sensor noise compared to the baseline methods.
Effects of laser-annealing on fixed-frequency superconducting qubits (2022)

As superconducting quantum processors increase in complexity, techniques to overcome constraints on frequency crowding are needed. The recently developed method of laser-annealing provides an effective post-fabrication method to adjust the frequency of superconducting qubits. Here, we present an automated laser-annealing apparatus based on conventional microscopy components and demonstrate preservation of highly coherent transmons. In addition, we perform noise spectroscopy to investigate the change in defect features, in particular, two-level system defects, after laser-annealing. Finally, we present a local heating model as well as demonstrate aging stability for laser-annealing on the wafer scale. Our work constitutes an important step toward both understanding the underlying physical mechanism and scaling up laser-annealing of superconducting qubits.
Acoustic Emission Monitoring of High-Entropy Oxyfluoride Rock-Salt Cathodes during Battery Operation (2022)

High-entropy materials with tailorable properties are receiving increasing interest for energy applications. Among them, (disordered) rock-salt oxyfluorides hold promise as next-generation cathodes for use in secondary batteries. Here, we study the degradation behavior of a high-entropy oxyfluoride cathode material in lithium cells in situ via acoustic emission (AE) monitoring. The AE signals allow acoustic events to be correlated with different processes occurring during battery operation. The initial cycle proved to be the most acoustically active due to significant chemo-mechanical degradation and gas evolution, depending on the voltage window. Irrespective of the cutoff voltage on charge, the formation and propagation of cracks in the electrode was found to be the primary source of acoustic activity. Taken together, the findings help advance our understanding of the conditions that affect the cycling performance and provide a foundation for future investigations on the topic.
Development of a MoSi-based bilayer HT-PSM blank for ArF lithography (2001)

Attenuated PSM (Phase Shifting Mask) is needed at an early stage of ArF lithography. For HT (Half Tone)-PSM, some materials have been introduced in recent years. We also surveyed several materials for HT-PSM blank. We think MoSiON is the best material if it can be applied to ArF lithography. Because it could be processed with the same mask processors as KrF HT-PSM could be. However we did not get practical MoSiON film for ArF lithography with our conventional DC sputtering method. So we have developed a new sputtering method to get small k (extinction coefficient) with T6% blank at 193nm wavelength. The properties of the MoSiON films obtained by this method have been evaluated, such as optical properties, chemical durability, ArF laser irradiation durability and pattern profile for feasibility. These results indicate that ULCOAT T6% bi-layer MoSiON blank is feasible for 193nm lithography.
Computational Creativity in the Culinary Arts (2015)

This work examines the potential for computational creativ-ity in the culinary arts. In particular, we present the outcome of our efforts to create an artificial chef that produces novel salad recipes with limited human assistance. Our system was designed in two steps: first, we constructed a statistical model to rank recipes. Then, we experimented with various search algorithms to explore the salad recipe space and discover novel ingredient combinations. Surprisingly, we discovered that the top ranked recipes from a randomly generated pop-ulation were already of high quality, obviating the need for search. To validate the quality of our automatically generated salads, we conducted a blind taste test pitting three computer-designed and three human-designed salads against each other. We discovered that the best performing computer salad was competitive with the human generated salads. 1
‘AU Red Ace’, a Red Clover for the Lower South (2010)

‘AU Red Ace’ (Reg. No. CV‐30, PI 657696) double‐cut red clover ( Trifolium pratense L.) was developed and released in 2008 by Auburn University and the Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station. It was released because it has a consistently high forage yield. Restricted phenotypic recurrent selection was used in the first cycle of selection in the development of this cultivar. Subsequent cycles of selection used mass selection with male‐ and female‐plant selection. Initial selection criteria were individual plant biomass, vigor, 2‐yr survival, and susceptibility to northern anthracnose [caused by Kabatiella caulivora (Kirchn.) Karak.], southern anthracnose (caused by Colletotrichum trifolii Bain), and powdery mildew (caused by Erisyphe polygoni DC). Subsequent cycles focused on selecting for mid‐ to late‐summer plant survival and plant vigor. Thus, selected plants were those that survived southern anthracnose and stress caused by high temperatures and/or drought. The cultivar ‘Cherokee’ was the standard of comparison. Forage was harvested when about 20% of the stems had flowers, and additional cuttings were made when the plants began to flower again. On the average, AU Red Ace had a total forage dry‐matter production 12 to 26% higher than Cherokee and has the potential to provide high levels of forage throughout the spring and often into the summer season. AU Red Ace plants are erect with pubescent stems that flower in the seeding year. Flowering can be the same as or up to 6 d earlier than Cherokee. AU Red Ace is well adapted to Alabama and probably other southern states in the Deep South region.
Cryopreserved anti-CD22 and bispecific anti-CD19/22 CAR T cells are as effective as freshly infused cells (2022)

Cryopreservation of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells facilitates shipment, timing of infusions, and storage of subsequent doses. However, reports on the impact of cryopreservation on CAR T cell efficacy have been mixed. We retrospectively compared clinical outcomes between patients who received cryopreserved versus fresh CAR T cells for treatment of B cell leukemia across two cohorts of pediatric and young adult patients: those who received anti-CD22 CAR T cells and those who received bispecific anti-CD19/22 CAR T cells. Manufacturing methods were consistent within each trial but differed between the two trials, allowing for exploration of cryopreservation within different manufacturing platforms. Among 40 patients who received anti-CD22 CAR T cells (21 cryopreserved cells and 19 fresh), there were no differences in <i>in vivo</i> expansion, persistence, incidence of toxicities, or disease response between groups with cryopreserved and fresh CAR T cells. Among 19 patients who received anti-CD19/22 CAR T cells (11 cryopreserved and 8 fresh), patients with cryopreserved cells had similar expansion, toxicity incidence, and disease response, with decreased CAR T cell persistence. Overall, our data demonstrate efficacy of cryopreserved CAR T cells as comparable to fresh infusions, supporting cryopreservation, which will be crucial for advancing the field of cell therapy.
Cost-effectiveness analysis: cardiovascular benefits of proton pump inhibitor co-therapy in patients using aspirin for secondary prevention (2011)

Proton pump inhibitor co-therapy has the potential to impact not only GI, but also CV outcomes in patients with CV disease using ASA and such co-therapy is likely to be cost-effective. Future studies should better quantify the CV benefits of PPI co-therapy.
Modeling U.S. Energy Use Changes with Global Climate Change (2006)

Using a general circulation model of Earth climate (PCM-IBIS) to drive an energy use model (DD-NEMS), we calculated the energy use changes for each year from 2003-2025 for the nine U.S. Census regions. We used five scenarios: 1) a reference with no change in temperatures from the 1970-2003 average, 2) a gradual 1 F rise in temperature by 2025, 3) a gradual 3 F rise by 2025, 4) a climate simulation with low temperature response to CO2 doubling in the atmosphere, and 5) a climate simulation with a more extreme response. The low-?T scenario had a cumulative reduction in energy of 2.1 Quads but an increase in cost of $14.8 billion. The northern states had reductions in cost over the entire period, but most other regions had increases in costs because increases in cooling costs outweighed reductions in heating and other energy uses. Higher temperature sensitivity resulted in increased warming, especially in the winter months. Because heating needs decreased, total energy requirements declined by a cumulative 4.2 Quads. However, total cost still increased $6.1 billion and carbon emissions still rose as coal-based electricity for cooling needs grew.
Out-of-the-Enterprise B2B Gateway Cloud Service for Emerging Markets (2012)

Traditionally, in a typical SOA environment, a B2B gateway is at the edge of an enterprise, and is responsible for performing business document exchanges with other enterprises. In the existing model often used in mature markets, the enterprise needs to incur the cost of hosting and maintaining the gateway. However, the scenario for emerging markets is different, since they are not totally reliant on exchanging business documents electronically. Specifically, the SMB enterprises in emerging markets may not be interested in hosting and maintaining the usually bulky gateway products. In this paper, we propose a novel approach wherein SMB enterprises would exchange secured business information to a B2B cloud service hosted outside of the enterprise. This service offers key B2B protocol capabilities and features such as packaging, security and partner on-boarding. In a typical document exchange flow, the SMB enterprise would send it's business information to this B2B cloud service which then packages it using the agreed upon B2B protocol and makes it available to the intended recipient enterprise. Using this model for B2B exchanges would work as an incentive to open up SMB enterprises for B2B business and will go a long way in reducing costs for SMB enterprises.
VHF/UHF Composite Resonator on a Silicon Substrate (1983)

Thin film bulk wave resonators consisting of a piezoelectric film and a diaphragm made by anisotropic etching of silicon have been studied. A ZnO/SiO 2 composite gives temperature coefficient of frequency of +7 to +45 ppm/°C. The sputter deposited SiO 2 has given a Q-factor of 1250 and is more suitable for obtaining a high Q resonator than the thermal SiO 2 . Using a combination of the AlN film and p + + Si, even a thick composite of several µm each which is reproducible and stable for a practical application has given a resonance frequency higher than 500 MHz.
Dose-Intensified Stereotactic Ablative Radiation for Localized Prostate Cancer (2022)

SAbR for PCa at 45 Gy in 5 fractions shows an encouraging safety profile. Prospective studies with longer follow-up are warranted to establish this dose regimen as standard of care for PCa.
Activation of aconitase in mouse fast-twitch skeletal muscle during contraction-mediated oxidative stress (2007)

Aconitase is a mitochondrial enzyme that converts citrate to isocitrate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and is inactivated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). We investigated the effect of exercise/contraction, which is associated with elevated ROS production, on aconitase activity in skeletal muscle. Humans cycled at 75% of maximal workload, followed by six 60-s bouts at 125% of maximum workload. Biopsies were taken from the thigh muscle at rest and after the submaximal and supramaximal workloads. Isolated mouse extensor digitorum longus (EDL; fast twitch) and soleus (slow twitch) muscles were stimulated to perform repeated contractions for 10 min. Muscles were analyzed for enzyme activities and glutathione status. Exercise did not affect aconitase activity in human muscle despite increased oxidative stress, as judged by elevated levels of oxidized glutathione. Similarly, repeated contractions did not alter aconitase activity in soleus muscle. In contrast, repeated contractions significantly increased aconitase activity in EDL muscle by approximately 50%, despite increased ROS production. This increase was not associated with a change in the amount of immunoreactive aconitase (Western blot) but was markedly inhibited by cyclosporin A, an inhibitor of the protein phosphatase calcineurin. Immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that aconitase was phosphorylated on serine residues. Aconitase in cell-free extracts was inactivated by the addition of the ROS hydrogen peroxide. In conclusion, the results suggest that aconitase activity can be regulated by at least two mechanisms: oxidation/reduction and phosphorylation/dephosphorylation. During contraction, a ROS-mediated inactivation of aconitase can be overcome, possibly by dephosphorylation of the enzyme. The dual-control system may be important in maintaining aerobic ATP production during muscle contraction.
Toward Silencing the Burden of Malaria: Progress and Prospects for RNAi-based Approaches (2006)

The discovery of RNA interference (RNAi) is one of the most significant of recent years, with potential for application beyond the laboratory to the clinic. As a tool for functional genomics, RNAi has permitted the characterization of genes in organisms that had previously remained recalcitrant to targeted gene manipulation. Efforts to understand its mode of action have revealed a central role in gene regulation and host defense. Finally, as a therapeutic tool, it has shown enormous promise in the control of a large array of diseases. Here we examine how RNAi is revolutionizing malaria research in an organism, the Anopheles mosquito, that until recently was essentially resistant to genetic study, and show how its application in both the mosquito vector and the Plasmodium parasite might ultimately lead to new ways of controlling and perhaps even eradicating this devastating disease.
Impact of steatosis on progression of fibrosis in patients with mild hepatitis C (2004)

In patients with mild hepatitis C, the usefulness of antiviral therapy is subject of debate, as a low risk for progression of fibrosis is assumed. Several studies have shown that steatosis is a strong and independent predictor of the severity as well as the progression of fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C. Therefore, this study assessed the impact of steatosis on the progression of fibrosis between paired liver biopsies in untreated patients with mild hepatitis on index biopsy. One hundred thirty-five untreated patients (mean age, 38 years; M/F sex ratio, 1.43) with one known risk factor of infection (68 transfusions, 67 injecting drug use) had 2 liver biopsies after a median interval of 61 months (18-158). All had METAVIR score of A1F1 or lower at first liver biopsy. Unequivocal progression of fibrosis was considered if patients had a fibrosis score of 3 or 4 at the second liver biopsy. The probability of progression of fibrosis was estimated by using the Kaplan-Meier method. During follow-up, progression of fibrosis occurred in 21 patients (16%) after a median delay of 65 months. Cumulative probabilities of the progression of fibrosis at 4 and 6 years were 5.2% and 19.8%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, steatosis was the only independent factor predictive of progression of fibrosis (RR, 4.8; CI, 1.3-18.3). Probability of progression of fibrosis was significantly related to the percentage of hepatocytes with steatosis. In conclusion, steatosis is a major determinant of the progression of fibrosis in mild hepatitis C, regardless of the genotype. Our results argue for antiviral treatment in the subgroup of patients with mild hepatitis and steatosis.
The effect of increased irradiation uniformity on imprinting by 351-nm laser light (1997)

The acceleration-driven growth of perturbations initially seeded (or imprinted) by irradiation nonuniformities is a major concern for direct-drive ICF. We report on experiments where unperturbed, CH2 targets were irradiated with 3-ns square pulses at 2×1014 W/cm2 using five overlapped UV beams. The uniformity of these beams was varied and subsequent unstable growth of irradiation imprinting was observed using time-gated x-radiography. We demonstrate that increased irradiation uniformity reduces imprinting, and we show the beneficial effects of distributed polarization rotators—a new beam-smoothing device. In addition, we discuss experiments using a “perturbing beam” to study the time dependence of imprinting.
Unlimiting Ionic Conduction: Manipulating Hydration Dynamics through Vibrational Strong Coupling of Water (2023)

The energy states of molecules and the vacuum electromagnetic field can hybridize to form a strong coupling state. In particular, it has been demonstrated that vibrational strong coupling can be used to modify the chemical dynamics of molecules. Here, we propose that ion dynamics can be altered through modifications of the dynamic hydration structure in a cavity vacuum field. We conducted investigations on various electrolyte species to explore their impact on ionic conductivity. Infrared spectroscopy of aqueous electrolyte solutions within the cavity confirmed the occurrence of vibrational ultra-strong coupling behavior of water molecules, even in the presence of electrolytes. Interestingly, we observed significant enhancements in ionic conductivity, several times greater for alkali cations, particularly those classified as structure-breaking cations. These enhancements are both feasible and cannot be explained within the current theoretical framework for liquid electrolytes. Our analysis confirmed that the vibrational strong coupling leads to the modification of local dielectric friction experienced by hydrated ions. Additionally, we propose the enthalpic and entropic modifications of ionic conductivity through systematic investigations of electrolytes and their hydration properties. This study unveiled the potential role of polaritons in opening up possibilities for exploring uncharted spaces in the design of materials for enhanced ionic conduction. By harnessing the unique properties of strong coupling and its influence on hydration dynamics, we can pave the way for the development of novel electrolytes and advancements in the field of ionic conduction.
Injection-coupled devices (ICDs): Operation principle, applications, design-for-reliability (2014)

Operation principle and possible applications of a novel type of silicon cell integrated circuit (IC) device - injection-coupled device (ICD) - are addressed, including design-for-reliability (DfR) aspects. Examples of possible ICD electrical and physical designs are examined in detail. These are based on the existing CMOS and use bipolar technologies. It is shown that ICDs are, to an extent, similar to the charge-coupled devices (CCDs): they are also formed by a chain of cells and are therefore, like CCDs, devices of a serial operating principle type. The significant difference is, however, that, unlike CCDs, ICDs use asynchronous flow of the information charge along the cell chain. This circumstance enables one to achieve an extraordinarily low power consumption compared to the conventional cell ICs. This is because the power consumption of an ICD as a whole is not different of that of a single cell in its IC matrix. It is shown that in the case of an ICD designed as a double spiral coil the likelihood of failure decreases with an increase in the number of coils. E.g., the reliability of a 1 megacell matrix is expected to be by three orders of magnitude higher than the reliability of a single cell device. These advantages make ICDs highly attractive for a number of important applications, such as, e.g., radiation detectors or magnetic and thermal field detectors. This is particularly true for various aerospace applications, when failure-free operational performance is a must.