gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mode locked and Q-switched Cr:ZnSe laser using a Semiconductor Saturable Absorbing Mirror (SESAM) (2005)

A passively mode-locked cw Cr:ZnSe laser operating near 2.5 mm generated 11 psec pulses using a Semiconductor Saturable Absorbing Mirror (SESAM). Passive Q-switched operation could also be obtained with the same SESAM.
Penicillin-induced formation of osmotically stable spheroplasts in nongrowing Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus (1978)

Bdellovibrio peptidoglycan is of typical gram-negative composition. The molar ratios of alanine:glutamic acid:diaminopimelic acid:muramic acid:glucosamine were about 2:1:1:1:1. Nascent, nongrowing Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus 109J were converted from highly motile vibrios to highly motile spheres when shaken in dilute buffer plus penicillin, cephalothin, bacitracin, or D-cycloserine. The spherical forms contained essentially no sedimentable peptidoglycan; i.e., they were spheroplasts. Spheroplasts induced by penicillin, D-cycloserine, and lysozyme were stable in dilute buffer and did not lyse when subjected to osmotic shock. Normal Bdellovibrio suspended in buffer turned over their peptidoglycan at a rate of approximately 30% h during the initial 120 min of starvation. Chloramphenicol and sodium azide strongly inhibited Bdellovibrio peptidoglycan turnover and the induction of spheroplasts by penicillin. The data indicate that nongrowing B. bacteriovorus are sensitive to penicillin and other antibiotics affecting cell walls because of their high rate of peptidoglycan turnover. It is also concluded that an intact peptidoglycan layer is required for maintaining cell shape, but is not required for osmotic stability of B. bacteriovorus.
Prediction of Histopathologic Features and Proliferative Activity of Uterine Leiomyoma by Magnetic Resonance Imaging Prior to GnRH Analogue Therapy: Correlation between T2‐Weighted Images and Effect of GnRH Analogue (1995)

To predict the histological features and proliferative activity of leiomyomas and to evaluate the effect of GnRH analogues (GnRHa) by MR images, the correlation between MR images and histopathologic findings was studied on 137 leiomyomatous nodules from 79 patients. The correlation among cellularity, proliferative activity and MR images was studied on sections of 42 leiomyomatous, nodules stained with hematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemistry for proliferating cell nuclear antigen. The utility of MR imaging in assessing response to therapy with a GnRHa (buserelin 900 micrograms/day, intranasal for 16 weeks) was studied on 62 leiomyomatous nodules from 29 patients. On T2-weighted MR images, we encountered five major images. According to the increase of signal intensity relative to that of the myometrium and/or the endometrium, the images were classified as Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, Type 4, and Type 5. Histopathologically, the majority of Type 1, Type 2 and Type 3 images had features of typical leiomyoma. Almost all cellular leiomyomas and bizarre leiomyomas had Type 4 images. Variable degenerative features were observed in the nodules with Type 5 images. According to the increase of signal intensity, leiomyomas had a tendency to show a high degree of both cellularity and proliferative activity. Moreover, the reduction rate of leiomyomatous nodules after GnRHa therapy correlated with the tumor signal intensity on T2-weighted images before therapy. The reduction rate was the lowest in Type 1 images (20.9%) and the highest in Type 4 images (50.7%). These results suggest that increased the signal intensity on T2-weighted MR images correlates with the cellularity and proliferative activity of leiomyomas, and with tumor response to GnRHa treatment. MR imaging enables quantitative monitoring of GnRHa therapy in patients with leiomyomatous nodules, and allows us to predict the histopathology, cellularity, proliferative activity, and shrinkage rate of nodules before GnRHa treatment.
Biology of the Species Porphyromonas Gingivalis (1993)

This work discusses the epidemiology, occurrence, systematics, physiology, cellular structure and virulence determinants of this major periodontal pathogen. The application of molecular biological techniques to study key factors and antimicrobial efficacy is also covered.
Purification of metalorganic compounds for solar cells. Final report, October 1, 1980-March 21, 1982 (1982)

During this program, several sources of trimethylgallium (TMG) and AsH/sub 3/-in-H/sub 2/ were evaluated for use as source materials for epitaxial growth of GaAs solar cells using the metalorganic chemical vapor deposition(MO-CVD) process. Screening of the various source combinations was done primarily on the basis of room and liquid nitrogen temperature Hall measurements of background doping levels and carrier mobilities in unintentionally doped MO-CVD-grown films. Initial studies evaluated the quality of AsH/sub 3/-in-H/sup 2/ tanks. Solar cell structures were grown in a second deposition system used in the past for growth of solar cells, but only after undoped GaAs films were produced in that system at various temperatures to determine its background level. These undoped films were grown using TMG and AsH/sub 3/-in-H/sub 2/. The background doping was found to be higher in the solar cell system than in the high purity system. Later in the program, work was initiated to explore effects of impurities associated with trimethylaluminum (TMA) source mateial. A major finding of this work was an apparent trend toward increasing AlGaAs material quality with increasing MO-CVD growth temperature up to at least 825/sup 0/C. For these films, the measure of quality was the relative photoluminescence intensity ofmore » the material, which increased with increasing growth temperature in the range 750 to 825/sup 0/C. Accompanying the improved photoluminescence efficiency was a marked increase in background doping level and virtually unchanging mobility with increasing growth temperature.« less
Vattenfall Optimizes Offshore Wind Farm Design (2020)

Key aspects of the wind farm design process include determining the placement of turbines and optimizing the cables used to interconnect them. The authors discuss their development of mixed-integer programming models and matheuristic techniques to solve these problems for Vattenfall.
Star formation histories in H II galaxies. I. Optical and radio observations. (1997)

In this paper we report CCD photometry in broad band B, R, and I colors, as well as in the H , for a sample of eight Hii galaxies with strong radio emission. In addition, we present new radio continuum observations in the frequency range between 8 and 15 GHz. For seven of these galaxies, previous radio continuum observations have been reported by Deeg et al. (1993); data on Haro 1 are presented here for the rst time. Their unusual radio spectra, according to Deeg et al., are a consequence of rapidly changing star formation rates in their past. An independent veri cation of this conclusion is the motivation for the optical observations reported here. Their interpretation is the subject of the next article in this series. The new radio measurements con rm the interpretation of the radio spectra by Deeg et al. In combination with extinction corrected H fluxes, the new radio measurements allow the determination of thermal radio fluxes - a fundamental parameter for star formation rates - with higher reliability than is possible from one wavelength domain alone. Overlays of optical observations at different colors with radio maps, as well as a search of the literature, indicates that all sample galaxies are in interacting environments, which is a possible prerequisite for the strength of the radio emission and star formation observed in these galaxies.
Renaming cytokines: MCP-1, Major Chemokine in Pancreatitis (2005)

Evidence of a mechanistic role for monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) in the pathogenesis of inflammation and fibrosis associated with experimental pancreatitis

Fibrosclerotic organ diseases, a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the Western world, involve tissues as diverse as the liver, kidney, heart, lung, skin, and intestine. The causes of these diseases are manifold, and specific noxae are implicated in different settings. Nevertheless, most (if not all) of these conditions share common pathogenetic grounds, such as being characterised by derangement of the tissue “wound healing” response. The ability of tissues to respond to injury has evolved to neutralise infectious agents and to limit parenchymal cell damage. The wound healing response comprises recruitment of inflammatory cells, deposition and remodelling of extracellular matrix, and regeneration (or an attempt thereof) of parenchymal cells. The ultimate outcome of this process is dependent on the duration of damage, and on the ability of parenchymal cells of specific tissues to reconstitute the original architecture. Thus chronic damage is often characterised by simultaneous and uncoordinated activation of all components of the wound healing response, resulting in chronic inflammation, destruction of the parenchyma, and progressive scarring. Chronic pancreatitis is a typical example of the transferability of these concepts to the clinical field. In response to several causes, most frequently alcohol abuse, metabolic abnormalities, or autoimmunity, damage to acinar cells leads to chronic inflammation, eventually resulting in substitution of pancreatic parenchyma with bundles of scar tissue and loss of function.1

The contribution of inflammation to the development of fibrosis varies in different conditions, and understanding the interaction between these processes is relevant to devise therapeutic strategies for chronic diseases such as pancreatitis. Identification of the chemokine system has elucidated the molecular mechanisms regulating leucocyte trafficking in a given tissue. Chemokines are a family of small cytokines …
Solvated nickel atoms and their free cluster formation in organic media (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolvated nickel atoms and their free cluster formation in organic mediaK. J. Klabunde, H. F. Efner, T. O. Murdock, and R. RoppleCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 4, 1021–1023Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00420a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00420a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views142Altmetric-Citations69LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A parameterization for the activity of H+ in aqueous sulfuric acid solutions (1998)

Recent studies have suggested that the rates of reactions that occur on and in sulfuric acid solutions depend strongly on the activities of H 2 O and H + . To simplify the application of formulations for calculating rates of these reactions and thus facilitate their use in photochemical models of the atmosphere, this letter presents a parameterization for the activity of H + based on the results of a comprehensive, but computationally intensive, thermodynamic model. The parameterization deviates from values given by the full thermodynamic model by &lt;2% for temperatures between 186 and 326 K and sulfuric acid concentrations between 10 and 80 weight percent.
Fungal Trunk Pathogens in the Grapevine Propagation Process: Potential Inoculum Sources, Detection, Identification, and Management Strategies (2011)

Gramaje, D.; Armengol Fortí, J. (2011). Fungal trunk pathogens in the grapevine propagation process: potential inoculum sources, detection, identification and management strategies. Plant Disease. 95(9):1040-1055. doi:10.1094/PDIS-01-11-0025
The angiotensin AT2-receptor mediates inhibition of cell proliferation in coronary endothelial cells. (1995)

Angiotensin II (ANG II) is known to be a potent growth promoting factor for vascular smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts but little is known about its influence on growth in endothelial cells. We studied the effects of ANG II on endothelial growth and the role of the angiotensin receptor subtypes involved. Proliferation of rat coronary endothelial cells (CEC) and rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) was determined by [3H]thymidine incorporation, the MTT-test and by directly counting cells in a coulter counter. Angiotensin AT1- and AT2-receptors were demonstrated by binding studies and by the presence of their respective mRNA through reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In contrast to VSMC, which in culture only express the AT1-receptor, CEC express both, AT1- and AT2-receptors simultaneously up to the third passage. Whereas ANG II stimulated growth of quiescent VSMC, an effect abolished by pretreatment with the AT1-receptor antagonist, losartan, ANG II did not induce proliferation in quiescent CEC. However, after pretreatment of quiescent endothelial cells (< passage 4) with the AT2-receptor antagonist, PD 123177, ANG II induced proliferation. This effect was reversed by additional pretreatment with losartan. ANG II significantly inhibited the proliferation of bFGF-stimulated CEC in a dose-dependent manner by maximally 50%. This effect was prevented by PD 123177 while losartan was ineffective. The AT2-receptor agonist, CGP 42112, mimicked the antiproliferative actions of ANG II, confirming the specificity of the effect. Our results show that the growth modulating actions of ANG II depend on the type of angiotensin receptor present on a given cell. In coronary endothelial cells, the antiproliferative actions of the AT2-receptor offset the growth promoting effects mediated by the AT1-receptor.
Virtualization of virtual memory address space (2012)

Virtualization has essentially transformed computing from conventional system architecture (of running particular operating systems on only selected platforms) to a more integrated architecture that facilitates the interoperability of applications, operating systems and hardware platforms. Virtualization has enabled cloud computing to be more of a utility-based computing where applications, platforms, storage and etc are provided as a service to the users over the Internet. The first half of the paper will provide an overview of virtual machines, virtual machine monitors (hypervisors) and the different virtualization architectures. After introducing virtual memory management from the standpoint of traditional computer architecture, we will describe in detail the virtualization of virtual memory address spaces and their implementation through shadow page table and nested page tables. Our discussion in this paper is based on the virtualization of memory address spaces that is currently supported by VMware Workstation and similar hypervisor products.
Novel analgesics and molecular rearrangements in the morphine–thebaine group. Part XIII. 7-Aminomethyl-6,14-endo-ethenotetra-hydrothebaines (1969)

K. W. Bentley, J. D. Bower, J. W. Lewis, M. J. Readhead, A. C. B. Smith and G. R. Young, J. Chem. Soc. C, 1969, 2237 DOI: 10.1039/J39690002237
Plasmonic Hot Printing in Gold Nanoprisms (2015)

The raster-scanned irradiation of ultrathin sub-micrometer crystalline gold colloidal prisms with the tightly focused spot of a femtosecond, near-infrared laser triggers the deterministic deformation and partial melting of nanometer-sized areas of the nanoprisms. The morphological modification of the Au nanoprisms evidences extremely localized sources of heat, the in-plane distribution of which varies with the particle shape and laser polarization. We demonstrate for the first time the direct relationship between heat source density and surface plasmon local density of states (SP-LDOS), which describes quantitatively the rich modal structure of the surface plasmons sustained by the 2D metallic platelets, independently of the knowledge of the illumination configuration. Green’s Dyadic numerical simulations confirm that the optical excitation of the 2D SP modes results in the subwavelength hot imprinting of the SP modal pattern onto the metal surface.
Electrical, thermal, and photo properties of poly(phenylene vinylene) precursors. II. Microwave‐induced elimination reactions in precursor polymer films (1994)

Abstract Microwave radiation (MWR) was used to induce the elimination reaction of the poly(phenylene vinylene)–polyelectrolyte precursors polymer (PPV precursor) into the fully conjugated polymer. The process was applied mainly to the unsubstituted PPV and was followed by infrared spectroscopy. The extent of the elimination process was also determined from the amount of residual sulfur in the film after the irradiation process. The microwave‐induced elimination process was also attempted using PPV precursor films that had been impregnated with anionic compounds containing iron. The molecular mechanisms for the observations are discussed and comparison with the elimination reaction induced by other energy sources is also made. © 1994 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Using POMDPs to forecast kindergarten students reading comprehension (2012)

Summative assessment of student abilities typically comes at the end of the instructional period, too late for educators to use the information for planning instruction. This paper explores the possibility of using Hierarchical Linear Models to forecast students end of year performance. Because these models are closely related to partially observed Markov decision processes (POMDPs), these should support extensions to instructional planning to meet educational goals. Despite the new notation, the POMDP models are subject to a familiar problem from the educational context: scale identifiability. This paper describes how this problem manifests itself and looks at one potential solution.
Comparison of Larvicidal, Adulticidal and Acaricidal Activity of Two Geometrical Butylidenephthalide Isomers (2006)

Insecticidal and acaricidal activities of two geometrical isomers, (E)- and (Z)-butylidenephthalide isolated from Angelica acutiloba, against larvae and adults of fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster), cat fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) and house dust mites (Dermatophagoides farinae and Tyrophagus putrescentiae) were investigated and compared with that of positive controls. (E)- and (Z)-Butylidenephthalide exhibited 50% lethal concentration (LC50) values of 2.07 and 0.94 micromol/ml of diet concentration against larvae of D. melanogaster, respectively. This indicated that two isomers of butylidenephthalide have geometrical stereoselectivity for larvicidal effect. Even though both (E)- and (Z)-butylidenephthalide also showed potent adulticidal and acaricidal activity against adults of D. melanogaster and two mites, there was no significant difference between two isomers. Insecticidal activity of both (E)- and (Z)-butylidenephthalide toward adults of C. felis was not detected even at the maximum concentration of 200 microg/cm2.
cHYD1 Solution Phase Synthesis Optimization and the Development of a Novel Human Growth Hormone Antagonist and Agonist (2012)

Inhibiting protein-protein interactions to achieve a therapeutically desired effect has been a goal in the field of drug discovery for decades. Recently, advances in peptidomimetics have led researches to the use of cyclized peptides to achieve this goal. Cyclization of linear peptides restricts the number of conformations of the peptide, increasing the peptide's affinity to binding to the desired target. Cyclization also stabilizes the peptide, allowing the peptide to be resistant to proteases. This study explores the optimization of solution phase synthesis of an important integrin-mediated cell adhesion cyclic peptide for the therapeutic inhibition of multiple myeloma, cHYD1. cHYD1 was originally synthesized via solid phase peptide synthesis, and the need for a scaled up synthesis version was needed after positive bioactivity results were obtained. Chapter 3 includes the molecular modeling exploration of a possible new mechanism to which cyclized peptides could work, in which, rather than a recognition and non-recognition strand being implemented, a specific directional face is used for protein-protein interaction. This was done with the implementation of an antagonistic cyclic peptide to replace human growth hormone in its interaction with the human growth hormone receptor, and the subsequent di-cyclic peptide agonist.
Improving Performance of Chemical Autonomic Information Diffusion Protocol (2007)

The information diffusion protocol represents a prototype for transferring the information from the source to its destination. The chemical information diffusion (CID) protocol is a type of information diffusion method used in the autonomic networks. In this protocol, network resembles a glass of the water and nodes work as molecules of it. The goal of this research is to apply a special novel algorithm on CID protocol to improve the performance of it. This paper describes a special non-uniform algorithm for improving the performance of the original CID protocol. This paper also briefly describes some other spreading algorithms and compares the behavior of them and proposed non-uniform algorithm on the original CID protocol. In addition it shows the reason and the power of improving the CID protocol when it uses proposed non-uniform algorithm.
THE PRESENCE OF INTRACYTOPLASMIC CONFRONTING CISTERNAE OF THE ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM IN OSTEOSARCOMA CELLS IN INTERPHASE (1986)

Confronting cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum recognized in tumor cells of 7 cases of osteosarcoma were presented. They were found in the mitotic cells as well as in the cytoplasms of interphase cells. The more the mitotic cells were observed in 1 micron-thick sections, the more frequently those membranous structures were encountered in the corresponding ultrathin sections. In the interphase cells, such structures were located around Golgi apparatus or close to the nucleus. Occasionally, they were composed of a pair of closely apposed cisternae of the nuclear membrane and the rough endoplasmic reticulum. These results seem to indicate that the nuclear envelope which is disrupted and reformed during mitosis in rapidly proliferating cells takes part in the formation of the confronting cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum.
SYNTHESIS OF NEW GALACTOSYL AND LACTOSYL CARBAMATE-CONTAINING GLYCOLIPIDS (2001)

An efficient synthesis of mono-, di- and tetrasaccharides linked to a lipid has been developed. Galactose or lactose was covalently coupled to a glycyldioctadecylamide, via well-defined chemical steps, in both an α and β anomeric configuration. The multiantennary galactosyl ligands were obtained using 1,3-diamino-2-propanol as a scaffold.