gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Editing by example (1984)

An editing by example system is an automatic program synthesis facility embedded in a text editor that can be used to solve repetitive text editing problems. The user provides the editor with a few examples of a text transformation. The system analyzes the examples and generalizes them into a program that can perform the transformation to the rest of the user's text.
Polymers in nature (1980)

Natural high polymers, extraction and purification, size and shapes of molecules. Proteins, nucleic acids, polysaccharides, rubber and lignin, inorganic polymers. -- ICCROM
Toward XUV frequency comb spectroscopy of the 1 S–2 S transition in $$\hbox {He}^+$$ (2023)

Abstract The energy levels of hydrogen-like atoms and ions are accurately described by bound-state quantum electrodynamics (QED). $$\hbox {He}^{+}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mtext>He</mml:mtext> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:math> ions have a doubly charged nucleus, which enhances the higher-order QED contributions and makes them interesting for precise tests of QED. Systematic effects that currently dominate the uncertainty in hydrogen spectroscopy, such as the second-order Doppler shift and time-of-flight broadening, are largely suppressed by performing spectroscopy on trapped and cooled $$\hbox {He}^{+}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mtext>He</mml:mtext> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:math> ions. Measuring a transition in $$\hbox {He}^{+}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mtext>He</mml:mtext> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:math> will extend the test of QED beyond the long-studied hydrogen. In this article, we describe our progress toward precision spectroscopy of the 1 S–2 S two-photon transition in $$\hbox {He}^{+}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mtext>He</mml:mtext> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:math> . The transition can be excited by radiation at a wavelength of 60.8 nm generated by a high-power infrared frequency comb using high-order harmonic generation (HHG). The $$\hbox {He}^{+}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mtext>He</mml:mtext> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:math> ions are trapped in a Paul trap and sympathetically cooled with laser-cooled $$\hbox {Be}^{+}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mtext>Be</mml:mtext> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:math> ions. Our recently developed signal detection scheme based on secular-scan spectrometry is capable of detecting $$\hbox {He}^{+}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mtext>He</mml:mtext> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:math> excitation with single-event sensitivity. Graphic abstract
ECM homeostasis in renal diseases: a genomic approach (2003)

Chronic renal disease is in general histologically accompanied by a vast amount of scar tissue, ie glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis. Scarring results from excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, a process driven by a plethora of cytokines and growth factors. Studies in experimental renal disease which target these regulators using gene therapy limit or prevent the development of scarring. This review focuses specifically on the role of transforming growth factor-beta, platelet-derived growth factor, connective tissue growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, and epidermal growth factor. The results obtained in animal models hold promise for molecular intervention strategies in human renal disease. Microarray technology allows large-scale gene expression profiling in kidney tissue to identify common molecular pathways in a step towards discovery of new drug targets. Molecular techniques are expected to be used for diagnostic and prognostic purposes in nephrological practice to supplement renal biopsy. Several studies already show that molecular techniques might be of use in routine diagnostic practice. Improvement of diagnosis and prediction of outcome in renal patients might lead to more efficient and earlier therapeutic intervention.
Preliminary report on new echinoderm Lagerstätten from the Upper Ordovician of the eastern Anti-Atlas, Morocco (2009)

Four distinct echinoderm Lagerstätten have recently been discovered in the Upper Ordovician of the eastern Anti-Atlas, Morocco.They have yielded hundreds of exquisitely preserved specimens.Their taphonomy and associated lithology both suggest rapid, in situ burial.Here we discuss the diverse range of assemblages represented and their significance to the diversity of echinoderms in the Lower Palaeozoic.The oldest assemblage (Izegguirene Formation, lowermost Caradoc) is dominated by eocrinoids, large ophiuroids, and mitrate stylophorans associated with rare crinoids.It shows strong similarities with slightly older faunas described from the underlying Ouine-Inirne Formation (Llandeilian) in the Central Anti-Atlas.The second assemblage (lower part of the Lower Ktaoua Formation, lower-middle Caradoc) is composed of eocrinoids (Cardiocystites) and small ophiuroids (encrinasterid indet.).The third assemblage was collected in the upper part of the Lower Ktaoua Formation (lowermost Ashgill).This 'starfish' bed is dominated by ophiuroids and large solutes, associated with common diploporites and rhombiferans, and rare crinoids and mitrates.Finally, the youngest assemblage (lower part of Upper Tiouririne Formation, lower Ashgill) has yielded abundant remains of edrioasteroids and rhombiferans.
Blend configuration in functional polymeric materials with a high lignin content (2017)

Lignins upgrade the lignocellulosic cell-wall domains in all vascular plants; they embody 20-30% of terrestrial organic carbon. For 50 years, mistaken assumptions about the configuration of lignin have hindered the development of useful polymeric materials with a lignin content above 40 wt%. Now, polymeric materials composed only of methylated softwood lignin derivatives can exhibit better tensile behavior than polystyrene. Marked improvements may be achieved with small quantities (5-10 wt%) of miscible blend components as simple as poly(ethylene glycol). These observations contradict commonly held views about crosslinking or hyper-branching in lignin chains. The hydrodynamic compactness of the macromolecular lignin species arises from powerful noncovalent interactions between the lignin substructures. Individual lignin components undergo association to form macromolecular complexes that are preserved in plastics with a very high lignin content. Material continuity results from interpenetration between the peripheral components in adjoining lignin complexes. Through interactions with the peripheral domains, miscible blend components modulate the strength and ductility of these utterly original lignin-based plastics.
NEMO- and RelA-dependent NF-κB Signaling Promotes Small Cell Lung Cancer (2022)

Abstract Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive type of lung cancer driven by combined loss of the tumor suppressors RB1 and TP53 . SCLC is highly metastatic and despite good initial response to chemotherapy patients usually relapse, resulting in poor survival. Therefore, better understanding of the mechanisms driving SCLC pathogenesis is required to identify new therapeutic targets. Here we identified a critical role of the IKK/NF-κB signaling pathway in SCLC development. Using a relevant mouse model of SCLC, we found that ablation of NEMO/IKKγ, the regulatory subunit of the IKK complex that is essential for activation of canonical NF-κB signaling, strongly delayed the onset and growth of SCLC resulting in considerably prolonged survival. In addition, ablation of the main NF-κB family member p65/RelA also delayed the onset and growth of SCLC and prolonged survival, albeit to a lesser extent than NEMO. Interestingly, constitutive activation of IKK/NF-κB signaling within the tumor cells did not exacerbate the pathogenesis of SCLC, suggesting that endogenous NF-κB levels are sufficient to fully support tumor development. Moreover, TNFR1 deficiency did not affect the development of SCLC, showing that TNF signaling does not play an important role in this tumor type. Taken together, our results revealed that IKK/NF-κB signaling plays an important role in promoting SCLC, identifying the IKK/NF-κB pathway as a promising therapeutic target.
New insights on the pharmacogenomics of antidepressant response from the GENDEP and STAR*D studies: rare variant analysis and high-density imputation (2017)

Abstract Genome-wide association studies have generally failed to identify polymorphisms associated with antidepressant response. Possible reasons include limited coverage of genetic variants that this study tried to address by exome genotyping and dense imputation. A meta-analysis of Genome-Based Therapeutic Drugs for Depression (GENDEP) and Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR*D) studies was performed at SNP, gene and pathway level. Coverage of genetic variants was increased compared to previous studies by adding exome genotypes to previously available genome-wide data and using the Haplotype Reference Consortium panel for imputation. Standard quality control was applied. Phenotypes were symptom improvement and remission after 12 weeks of antidepressant treatment. NEWMEDS consortium samples and Pharmacogenomic Research Network Antidepressant Medication Pharmacogenomic Study (PGRN-AMPS) served for replication. 7,062,950 SNPs were analysed in GENDEP (n=738) and STAR*D (n=1409). rs116692768 (p=1.80e-08, ITGA9 (integrin alpha 9)) and rs76191705 (p=2.59e-08, NRXN3 (neurexin 3)) were significantly associated with symptom improvement during citalopram/escitalopram treatment. At gene level, no consistent effect was found. At pathway level, the Gene Ontology terms GO:0005694 (chromosome) and GO:0044427 (chromosomal part) were associated with improvement (corrected p=0.007 and 0.045, respectively). The association between rs116692768 and symptom improvement was replicated in PGRN-AMPS (p=0.047), while rs76191705 was not. The two SNPs did not replicate in NEWMEDS. ITGA9 codes for a membrane receptor for neurotrophins and NRXN3 is a transmembrane neuronal adhesion receptor involved in synaptic differentiation. Despite their meaningful biological rationale for being involved in antidepressant effect, no convincing replication was achieved. Further studies may help in clarifying their role.
Electrical Resistivity and Stoichiometry of Ca x C 60 and Sr x C 60 Films (1992)

The temperature- and concentration-dependent resistivities of annealed CaxC(60) and SrxC(60) films were measured near room temperature. Resistivity minima were observed at x = 2 and 5. The resistivities of these films were rho(min) approximately 1 ohm-centimeter for x = 2 and rho(min) approximately 10(-2) ohm-centimeter for x = 5. This latter value is comparable to the resistivities found in similar experiments on K(3)C(60) films. There is a maximum in the resistivity between x = 2 and 3, and another at x approximately 7. The conductivity is activated over the whole range of compositions, and the activation energy scales with the logarithm of the resistivity. The results suggest that the conductivity and superconductivity observed in Ca(5)C(60) are associated with the population of bands derived from the t(1g) level of C(6O).
Effective permeability of hydrophilic substances through walls of lymph vessels: roles of endothelial barrier (2005)

The wall effective permeability of hydrophilic substances labeled with fluorescent dyes was evaluated in an isolated cannulated rat single lymph vessel through a videomicroscope system. Sodium fluorescein (NaFl; 332 mol wt) and FITC-dextrans (4,400, 12,000, and 71,200 mol wt) were administered into the intraluminal space of the lymph vessels and then excited by a Xenon lamp. Changes in the fluorescence intensity of the dyes were continuously measured by a silicon-intensified target camera through appropriate filters. The net flux of each dye in the wall of the lymph vessels was calculated by the relationship between the fluorescence intensity and the concentration of the dyes. NaFl and FITC-dextran 4,400 in the intraluminal space of isolated rat lymph vessels significantly penetrated the wall of the lymph vessels. FITC-dextran 12,000 in the intraluminal space of isolated rat lymph vessels slightly passed through the lymphatic wall, whereas FITC-dextran 71,200 did not penetrate the wall. Intraluminal pressures ranging from 4 to 8 cm H(2)O did not significantly affect the net flux of dyes used in the present study. After administration of 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate into the lymph vessels, the net flux of FITC-dextran 4,400 and 12,000 but not 71,200 was augmented significantly. These results suggest that small molecular hydrophilic substances (< or =4,400) are permeable from the intraluminal to extraluminal space of isolated lymph vessels and that the endothelial cell surface structure may play a barrier role in the effective permeability of large molecular hydrophilic substances (4,400 to 12,000) through the wall of the lymph vessels.
Molecular Evolution of Genes Controlling Petal and Stamen Development: Duplication and Divergence Within the APETALA3 and PISTILLATA MADS-Box Gene Lineages (1998)

The specification of floral organ identity in the higher dicots depends on the function of a limited set of homeotic genes, many of them members of the MADS-box gene family. Two such genes, APETALA3 (AP3) and PISTILLATA (PI), are required for petal and stamen identity in Arabidopsis; their orthologs in Antirrhinum exhibit similar functions. To understand how changes in these genes may have influenced the morphological evolution of petals and stamens, we have cloned twenty-six homologs of the AP3 and PI genes from two higher eudicot and eleven lower eudicot and magnolid dicot species. The sequences of these genes reveal the presence of characteristic PI- and AP3-specific motifs. While the PI-specific motif is found in all of the PI genes characterized to date, the lower eudicot and magnolid dicot AP3 homologs contain distinctly different motifs from those seen in the higher eudicots. An analysis of all the available AP3 and PI sequences uncovers multiple duplication events within each of the two gene lineages. A major duplication event in the AP3 lineage coincides with the base of the higher eudicot radiation and may reflect the evolution of a petal-specific AP3 function in the higher eudicot lineage.
Siderophore-based immunization strategy to inhibit growth of enteric pathogens (2016)

Infections with Gram-negative pathogens pose a serious threat to public health. This scenario is exacerbated by increases in antibiotic resistance and the limited availability of vaccines and therapeutic tools to combat these infections. Here, we report an immunization approach that targets siderophores, which are small molecules exported by enteric Gram-negative pathogens to acquire iron, an essential nutrient, in the host. Because siderophores are nonimmunogenic, we designed and synthesized conjugates of a native siderophore and the immunogenic carrier protein cholera toxin subunit B (CTB). Mice immunized with the CTB-siderophore conjugate developed anti-siderophore antibodies in the gut mucosa, and when mice were infected with the enteric pathogen Salmonella, they exhibited reduced intestinal colonization and reduced systemic dissemination of the pathogen. Moreover, analysis of the gut microbiota revealed that reduction of Salmonella colonization in the inflamed gut was accompanied by expansion of Lactobacillus spp., which are beneficial commensal organisms that thrive in similar locales as Enterobacteriaceae. Collectively, our results demonstrate that anti-siderophore antibodies inhibit Salmonella colonization. Because siderophore-mediated iron acquisition is a virulence trait shared by many bacterial and fungal pathogens, blocking microbial iron acquisition by siderophore-based immunization or other siderophore-targeted approaches may represent a novel strategy to prevent and ameliorate a broad range of infections.
On the Configuration of Solaquidine (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOn the Configuration of SolaquidineGina Meccia and Alfredo N. UsubillagaCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1987, 50, 4, 642–645Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 July 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/np50052a011https://doi.org/10.1021/np50052a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views67Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
On achievable rates for long-haul fiber-optic communications (2015)

Lower bounds on mutual information (MI) of long-haul optical fiber systems for hard-decision and soft-decision decoding are studied. Ready-to-use expressions to calculate the MI are presented. Extensive numerical simulations are used to quantify how changes in the optical transmitter, receiver, and channel affect the achievable transmission rates of the system. Special emphasis is put to the use of different quadrature amplitude modulation formats, channel spacings, digital back-propagation schemes and probabilistic shaping. The advantages of using MI over the prevailing Q-factor as a figure of merit of coded optical systems are also highlighted.
Wireless Energy and Information Transmission in FSO and RF-FSO Links (2017)

We propose and analyze a wireless energy and information transmission scheme in free-space optical (FSO) links. The results are presented for both quasi-static and fast-fading conditions. We derive closed-form expressions for throughput, outage probability, and optimal power allocation optimizing the system throughput/outage probability. Finally, we complement the FSO link with an additional radio frequency (RF) link to create a hybrid RF-FSO system and reduce the system outage probability. The results show that joint implementation of the RF and FSO links leads to considerable performance improvement, compared to the cases with only FSO-based communication.
High-Quality Thin-Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Synthesized by Fe-Mo/MgO Catalyst Based on a Sol–Gel Technique: Synthesis, Characterization, and Field Emission (2010)

We synthesized thin-multiwalled carbon nanotubes (t-MWCNTs) using Fe-Mo/MgO catalyst by citrate precursor method based on a simple sol-gel technique. Synthesis of high-quality t-MWCNTs with uniform diameters was achieved in large-scale by catalytic decomposition of methane over Fe-Mo/MgO catalyst prepared under Ar-atmosphere. The produced t-MWCNTs had the outer diameters in the range of 4-8 nm, with a Gaussian average diameter of 6.6 +/- 0.1 nm and wall numbers in the range of of 4-7 graphenes. The product yield of the as-synthesized t-MWCNTs was over 450% relative to the used Fe-Mo/MgO catalyst, and TGA showed purity about 85%. The t-MWCNTs showed the low turn-on field about 1.24 V/microm, corresponding to the current density of 0.1 microA/cm2, and the high emission Current density of 10 mA/cm2 at the applied electric field of 2.6 V/microm. The t-MWCNTs indicate good emission stability without any fluctuation of emission current through a lifetime measurement for 20 h. It was confirmed that the field emission performance of t-MWCNTs was similar to DWCNTs and the field emission stability of t-MWCNTs was similar to MWCNTs.
The Fence and the River: Representations of the US-Mexico Border in Art and Video (1996)

In Spring 1992, Terry Allen, a multimedia artist known for his exploration of the mythology of the US Southwest, was invited to do an installation at Ohio State University's Wexner Center for the Arts as part of that institution's artist-in-residence program. The Wexner Center installation, entitled a simple story (Juarez) [sic] , was the continuation of a project begun over twenty years ago, which has included record albums, a radio play, photographs, video, sculpture, collages, prints, and drawings. At the Wexner Center the artist constructed three sets: a cantina (Melodyland) , an airstream trailer encased in the wooden hull of a ship (The Perfect Ship), and a gas station (Stations). These sets loosely correspond to episodes in a simple story's scripted narrative, which tells of four characters, Sailor, Spanish Alice, Chic Blundie, and Jabo, whose destinies become intertwined.1 a simple story traces the journeys of these four from southern California to Cortez, Colorado, where Jabo and Chic murder newlyweds Sailor and Alice in a trailer and eventually part ways after they escape to Juarez. Allen does not fix Juarez' s characters or their location in time or space. Instead, the fragmented episodes of Juarez's narrative function like traces of memory that forge a connection among the depopulated sets of the installation. Allen built the sets at two-thirds human scale and theatrically illuminated them with the flicker of video monitors and neon signs. In her Afterword to the published script accompanying the exhibition, curator Sarah Rogers-Lafferty described the video images projected at Stations as hypnotic.
Insights into bovine endometritis with special reference to phytotherapy (2017)

Postpartum reproductive disorders cause heavy economic losses in dairy sector. Uterine infections include endometritis, metritis, mucometra, and pyometra. Postpartum endometritis in dairy cows has been defined as inflammation of endometrium occurring 21 days or more after parturition without systemic signs of illness. The treatment of endometritis with antimicrobials has met with varying degrees of success, inconsistent recovery rate, high cost of treatment, milk disposal, emergence of microbial resistance, and reduced phagocytic activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes In our country, around 20,000 medicinal plant species have been recorded, but more than 500 traditional communities use about 800 plant species for curing different diseases. Many herbs such as garlic, neem, ashwagandha, and turmeric have been tried for the treatment of endometritis in cows with a good success.