gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Stereochemical Studies. Part 153. Synthesis, Reactions and Stereochemistry of 3‐Hydroxymethyl‐2,3‐dihydro‐4H‐1,3‐benzoxazin‐4‐one and Some Perhydrogenated Derivatives. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Effects of Radiographic Contrast Media on Monolayer Cell Cultures (1986)

The relationship between iodine concentration, osmolality, and toxicity for nine different contrast media was studied. High osmolal conventional ionic contrast media (Na-metrizoate, Na-iothalamate, meglumine/Na-diatrizoate, meglumine-calcium-metrizoate) and the new low osmolal nonionic (Metrizamide, iopamidol, iohexol) and ionic dimer (Meglumine/Na-ioxaglate) contrast media were tested. Monolayer cell cultures of human cervical carcinoma in situ cells were used as a test system. The toxicity of contrast media on cell cultures was strongly dependent on the osmolality, and different contrast media with the same osmolality had about similar effects on the cell cultures. However, contrast media seem to have some additional and more specific effects since equiosmolal saline and mannitol were better tolerated. When the toxicity was related solely to iodine concentration it emerged that the new low osmolal contrast media were much better tolerated than the high osmolal conventional contrast media.
536. Charge Switchable Helper Lipids for Gene Delivery (2006)

The current gene delivery approaches in use include viral vectors, synthetic cationic vectors, or physical methods such as electroporation or gene gun. Of these, synthetic cationic vectors offer the advantages of low toxicity, nonimmunogenicity, large nucleic acid payloads, and ease of synthesis; but suffer from low transfection activities. This low activity likely reflects inefficiencies in the overall transfection pathway that includes DNA-synthetic vector complexation, endocytosis, endosomal escape, nuclear entry, and finally expression. Today synthetic cationic vectors are used in conjunction with “helper” phospholipids to obtain greater gene transfection levels. The helper lipids are typically zwitterionic lipids such as dioleylphosphatidyl choline (DOPC) or dioleylphosphatidyl ethanolamine (DOPE). These lipids promote fusion with the membrane of the endosome, which leads to the disruption of the endosome and release of the DNA, increasing transfection efficacy. Fortunately, several research groups have recognized the importance of designing and evaluating new synthetic vectors that respond to local environmental effects in an effort to increase gene transfection efficiency. To determine if a charge-reversal or charge-switchable concept translates to a more efficient helper phospholipid, we prepared a zwitterionic charge-switchable phospholipid. Herein, we describe the synthesis and characterization of a functional phospholipid that undergoes an electrostatic transition from neutral to di-anionic that shows enhanced gene transfection when used with DOTAP.
k-Implementation (2003)

This paper discusses an interested party who wishes to influence the behavior of agents in a game, which is not under his control. The interested party cannot design a new game, cannot enforce agents' behavior, cannot enforce payments by the agents, and cannot prohibit strategies available to the agents. However, he can influence the outcome of the game by committing to non-negative monetary transfers for the different strategy profiles that may be selected by the agents. The interested party assumes that agents are rational in the commonly agreed sense that they do not use dominated strategies. Hence, a certain subset of outcomes is implemented in a given game if by adding non-negative payments, rational players will necessarily produce an outcome in this subset. Obviously, by making sufficiently big payments one can implement any desirable outcome. The question is what is the cost of implementation? In this paper we introduce the notion of k-implementation of a desired set of strategy profiles, where k stands for the amount of payment that need to be actually made in order to implement desirable outcomes. A major point in k-implementation is that monetary offers need not necessarily materialize when following desired behaviors. We define and study k-implementation in the contexts of games with complete and incomplete information. In the later case we mainly focus on the VCG games. Our setting is later extended to deal with mixed strategies using correlation devices. Together, the paper introduces and studies the implementation of desirable outcomes by a reliable party who can not modify game rules (i.e. provide protocols), complementing previous work in mechanism design, while making it more applicable to many realistic CS settings.
IIR digital filters for sampling structure conversion and deinterlacing of video signals (2002)

In this paper, we investigate the application of multidimensional IIR digital filters for video signal processing. The problems of sampling structure conversion and deinterlacing are addressed. A multistage filter structure is then proposed to perform the general conversions among different types of sampling structures. Some simple IIR digital filters are proposed and simulated particularly for the above applications. Some simulation results are also given.
A Novel Gaze Estimation System With One Calibration Point (2008)

The design of robust and high-performance gaze-tracking systems is one of the most important objectives of the eye-tracking community. In general, a subject calibration procedure is needed to learn system parameters and be able to estimate the gaze direction accurately. In this paper, we attempt to determine if subject calibration can be eliminated. A geometric analysis of a gaze-tracking system is conducted to determine user calibration requirements. The eye model used considers the offset between optical and visual axes, the refraction of the cornea, and Donder's law. This paper demonstrates the minimal number of cameras, light sources, and user calibration points needed to solve for gaze estimation. The underlying geometric model is based on glint positions and pupil ellipse in the image, and the minimal hardware needed for this model is one camera and multiple light-emitting diodes. This paper proves that subject calibration is compulsory for correct gaze estimation and proposes a model based on a single point for subject calibration. The experiments carried out show that, although two glints and one calibration point are sufficient to perform gaze estimation (error approximately 1 degree), using more light sources and calibration points can result in lower average errors.
Technické řešení univerzální služby připojení k Internetu (2006)

Komunikacni infrastruktura je jednou z osmi prioritnich oblasti Statni informacni politiky CR, neboť jde o podstatný předpoklad rozvoje informacni spolecnosti. Dynamický rozvoj komunikacnich siti a služeb byl u nas odstartovan liberalizaci telekomunikaci v roce 2001. Zvlastě ve venkovských a odlehlých oblastech vsak neni rozvoj dostatecný a hrozi riziko rozděleni spolecnosti (digital divide). Jednim z možných řeseni problemu je koncepce tzv. univerzalni služby připojeni k Internetu, ktera stavi přistup k Internetu na uroveň hlasových služeb. U hlasových služeb je již univerzalni služba zavedena a urcuje pravo obcana na univerzalni službu dane kvality za danou maximalni cenu. Na univerzalni službu připojeni k Internetu se da nahližet jako na zobecněni stavajici univerzalni služby, neboť diky technologiim VoIP zahrnuje i služby hlasove. Moderni univerzalni služba musi mit vzhledem k financni podpoře z veřejných zdrojů vhodný poměr mezi užitnou hodnotou a cenou. Přesnou specifikaci univerzalni služby lze potom považovat za etalon, urcujici doporucene parametry minimalniho internetoveho připojeni pro domacnosti. V uvodu tato prace uvadi a obhajuje jednu z možných definic, obsahujici mimo jine požadavek na podporu multimedialnich konferenci, garantovanou kvalitu služeb a bezpecnost. K vlastnostem univerzalni služby by měla patřit i nezavislost na konkretni technologii a nasledna realizovatelnost sirsim spektrem alternativnich telekomunikacnich operatorů. Na zakladě daných požadavků tedy prace sumarizuje a porovnava stavajici technologie. Diskutovany jsou varianty založene na pevných metalických a optických linkach, mobilnich bezdratových technologiich a pevných bezdratových sitich. V dalsim výkladu se již prace zabýva detailnim navrhem pevne bezdratove přistupove a pateřni sitě technologiemi WiFi a WiMAX. Navrh obsahuje podporu kvality služeb a silne bezpecnosti. Řeseni je dale doplněno nastroji pro spravu a dohled sitě, uctovani uživatelů, dokumentaci sitě a zmiňuje i zakladni pracovni postupy. V praci je kladen důraz na respektovani aktualnich telekomunikacnich standardů a na otevřene technologie.
Data from The PARP Inhibitor Veliparib Can Be Safely Added to Bendamustine and Rituximab and Has Preliminary Evidence of Activity in B-Cell Lymphoma (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; The PARP inhibitor veliparib enhances the cytotoxicity of alkylating agents. This phase I study evaluated veliparib with the bifunctional alkylator bendamustine (VB) in patients with relapsed/refractory lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and solid malignancies, with a cohort expansion of VB with rituximab (VBR) in patients with B-cell lymphomas.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; This dose-escalation study evaluated safety, pharmacokinetics, and preliminary efficacy of veliparib (20–400 mg twice a day, days 1–7 of 28-day cycle) and bendamustine (70 and 90 mg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; intravenously, days 1 and 2). A cohort expansion was conducted, which combined veliparib and bendamustine at the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) with rituximab (375 mg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, day 1) in patients with B-cell lymphomas. Thirty-four patients were treated in seven dose-escalation cohorts and seven patients in the dose-expansion cohort.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; The MTD was veliparib 300 mg twice daily plus bendamustine 90 mg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;. Dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) were anemia, nausea, hypertension, and hyperhidrosis. Grade ≥3 toxicities included lymphopenia (87.8%), anemia (19.5%), neutropenia (12.2%), thrombocytopenia (9.8%), leukopenia (9.8%), nausea (7.3%), and hypophosphatemia (7.3%). Apparent veliparib clearance was slightly lower than previously reported. Of 14 patients with lymphoma evaluable for response, five of seven (71%) on VB and six of seven (86%) on VBR achieved objective response. One patient with multiple myeloma achieved partial response.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; VB and VBR were generally well-tolerated. VBR had preliminary clinical activity in patients with B-cell lymphoma, which warrants further investigation in a phase II trial. This trial was registered at &lt;a href="http://www.clinicaltrials.gov" target="_blank"&gt;www.clinicaltrials.gov&lt;/a&gt; as NCT01326702. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 23(15); 4119–26. ©2017 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Identification of a protein-binding sequence involved in expression of an esterase gene from Streptomyces scabies (1992)

Expression of an esterase gene from Streptomyces scabies is regulated by zinc in both Streptomyces scabies and Streptomyces lividans. A specific protein-binding site was identified on an esterase promoter fragment by using an S-30 extract from S. scabies. The location of the protein-binding site was determined by gel shift assays of promoter deletion fragments and by DNase I footprinting analysis. The protein-binding site maps from nucleotides -59 to -81 relative to the start of transcription. An esterase gene construct cloned and expressed in S. lividans was used to assess the importance of the protein-binding site. Deletion of the 23-bp protein-binding site resulted in a 10-fold decrease in esterase production when cells were grown in zinc-inducing conditions. The protein-binding site may represent a region involved in positive regulation of the S. scabies esterase gene.
A correlative comparison of the ring current and auroral electrojets using geomagnetic indices (1995)

From a study of the 21 largest geomagnetic storms during solar cycle 21, a strong correlation is established between the ring current index Dst and the time‐weighted accumulation of the 1‐hour auroral electrojet indices, AE and AL . The time‐weighted accumulation corresponds to convolution of the auroral electrojet indices with an exponential weighting function with an e ‐folding time of 9.4 hours. The weighted indices AE w and AL w have correlation coefficients against Dst ranging between 0.8 and 0.95 for 20 of the 21 storms. Correlation over the entire solar cycle 21 database is also strong but not as strong as for an individual storm. A set of simple Dst prediction functions provide a first approximation of the inferred dependence, but the specific functional relationship of Dst ( AE w ) or Dst ( AL w ) varies from one storm to the next in a systematic way. This variation reveals a missing parametric dependence in the transfer function. However, our results indicate that auroral electrojet indices are potentially useful for predicting storm time enhancements of ring current intensity with a few hours lead time.
Spatially and temporally distributed data foraging decisions in disciplinary field science (2021)

How do scientists generate and weight candidate queries for hypothesis testing, and how does learning from observations or experimental data impact query selection? Field sciences offer a compelling context to ask these questions because query selection and adaptation involves consideration of the spatiotemporal arrangement of data, and therefore closely parallels classic search and foraging behavior. Here we conduct a novel simulated data foraging study-and a complementary real-world case study-to determine how spatiotemporal data collection decisions are made in field sciences, and how search is adapted in response to in-situ data. Expert geoscientists evaluated a hypothesis by collecting environmental data using a mobile robot. At any point, participants were able to stop the robot and change their search strategy or make a conclusion about the hypothesis. We identified spatiotemporal reasoning heuristics, to which scientists strongly anchored, displaying limited adaptation to new data. We analyzed two key decision factors: variable-space coverage, and fitting error to the hypothesis. We found that, despite varied search strategies, the majority of scientists made a conclusion as the fitting error converged. Scientists who made premature conclusions, due to insufficient variable-space coverage or before the fitting error stabilized, were more prone to incorrect conclusions. We found that novice undergraduates used the same heuristics as expert geoscientists in a simplified version of the scenario. We believe the findings from this study could be used to improve field science training in data foraging, and aid in the development of technologies to support data collection decisions.
Self-Tuning Deep Reinforcement Learning (2020)

Reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms often require expensive manual or
automated hyperparameter searches in order to perform well on a new domain.
This need is particularly acute in modern deep RL architectures which often
incorporate many modules and multiple loss functions. In this paper, we take a
step towards addressing this issue by using metagradients (Xu et al., 2018) to
tune these hyperparameters via differentiable cross validation, whilst the
agent interacts with and learns from the environment. We present the
Self-Tuning Actor Critic (STAC) which uses this process to tune the
hyperparameters of the usual loss function of the IMPALA actor critic
agent(Espeholt et. al., 2018), to learn the hyperparameters that define
auxiliary loss functions, and to balance trade offs in off policy learning by
introducing and adapting the hyperparameters of a novel leaky V-trace operator.
The method is simple to use, sample efficient and does not require significant
increase in compute. Ablative studies show that the overall performance of STAC
improves as we adapt more hyperparameters. When applied to 57 games on the
Atari 2600 environment over 200 million frames our algorithm improves the
median human normalized score of the baseline from 243% to 364%.
Cystometry in Mice—Influence of Bladder Filling Rate and Circadian Variations in Bladder Compliance (1992)

Meaningful interpretation of cystometric measurements in experimental animals requires detailed analysis of factors that could affect the results. In the present study, the effect of catheter size and bladder filling rate were studied in detail; in addition, the influence of (day) time on bladder compliance was assessed by cystometry in mice. Bladder reservoir function was independent of the catheter size, when i.v. cannulae with outer diameters of 0.6 and 0.8 mm. were used, but leakage pressure and leakage volume were increased with the larger catheter. Neither the storage capacity nor the bladder wall resistance showed dependence on filling rates above 0.1 ml./min. Below this rate, bladder capacity increased and wall resistance decreased with decreasing filling rate. Furthermore, leakage eventually occurred below 20 mm. Hg with the lower filling rates. Marked diurnal variations in bladder compliance and wall resistance were observed. Maximum storage capacity was observed at 7 p.m. and the reservoir function subsequently decreased to a plateau between 1 a.m. and 1 p.m.
Architectus, magister operis, werkmeistere: Baumesiter oder Bauverwalter im Mittelalter (1999)

We conducted a review of drugs that were most commonly associated with inducing seizures in the elderly population. The method for determining the risk of these agents includes evaluating the utilisation and the percentage of adverse events in previous studies and case reports. Classes of medications, such as anti-psychotics and antidepressants, are extensively reviewed to provide the clinician with treatment options in high risk patients. The risk of seizures secondary to the withdrawal of alcohol (ethanol) and benzodiazepines, and methods employed to minimise the risk are discussed. In addition, the management of patients with drug-induced seizures is delineated. Drug-induced seizures are a potentially serious adverse effect. It is important that clinicians are aware of which classes of medications and individual medications are associated with reducing seizure threshold.
Exploring of Primate Models of Tick-Borne Flaviviruses Infection for Evaluation of Vaccines and Drugs Efficacy (2013)

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is one of the most prevalent and medically important tick-borne arboviruses in Eurasia. There are overlapping foci of two flaviviruses: TBEV and Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus (OHFV) in Russia. Inactivated vaccines exist only against TBE. There are no antiviral drugs for treatment of both diseases. Optimal animal models are necessary to study efficacy of novel vaccines and treatment preparations against TBE and relative flaviviruses. The models for TBE and OHF using subcutaneous inoculation were tested in Cercopithecus aethiops and Macaca fascicularis monkeys with or without prior immunization with inactivated TBE vaccine. No visible clinical signs or severe pathomorphological lesions were observed in any monkey infected with TBEV or OHFV. C. aethiops challenged with OHFV showed massive hemolytic syndrome and thrombocytopenia. Infectious virus or viral RNA was revealed in visceral organs and CNS of C. aethiops infected with both viruses; however, viremia was low. Inactivated TBE vaccines induced high antibody titers against both viruses and expressed booster after challenge. The protective efficacy against TBE was shown by the absence of virus in spleen, lymph nodes and CNS of immunized animals after challenge. Despite the absence of expressed hemolytic syndrome in immunized C. aethiops TBE vaccine did not prevent the reproduction of OHFV in CNS and visceral organs. Subcutaneous inoculation of M. fascicularis with two TBEV strains led to a febrile disease with well expressed viremia, fever, and virus reproduction in spleen, lymph nodes and CNS. The optimal terms for estimation of the viral titers in CNS were defined as 8-16 days post infection. We characterized two animal models similar to humans in their susceptibility to tick-borne flaviviruses and found the most optimal scheme for evaluation of efficacy of preventive and therapeutic preparations. We also identified M. fascicularis to be more susceptible to TBEV than C. aethiops.
Emerging threats (2005)

Information technology evolves. Every year brings new tools, new abilities, and new opportunities. Unfortunately as exciting and promising as these changes are, they bring with them new risks. This presentation considers some of the recent changes in information technology and how they will affect security issues. It will examine changes in technology, attack trends and even the attackers themselves. The presentation is not intended to suggest any specific course of action, but rather to provide an understanding of these issues and motivate additional discussion and interest.
Placing Individual Molecules in the Center of Nanoapertures (2013)

While nanophotonic devices are unfolding their potential for single-molecule fluorescence studies, metallic quenching and steric hindrance, occurring within these structures, raise the desire for site-specific immobilization of the molecule of interest. Here, we refine the single-molecule cut-and-paste technique by optical superresolution routines to immobilize single fluorescent molecules in the center of nanoapertures. By comparing their fluorescence lifetime and intensity to stochastically immobilized fluorophores, we characterize the electrodynamic environment in these nanoapertures and proof the nanometer precision of our loading method.
Web Service Discovery and Composition using USDL (2006)

For Web-services to become practical, an infrastructure needs to be supported that allows users and applications to discover, deploy, compose and synthesize services automatically. In this paper, we present the design of an automatic service discovery and composition engine using USDL (Universal Service-Semantics Description Language) by A. Bansal et al. (2005), a language for formally describing the semantics of Web-services. The implementation will be used for the WS-Challenge 2006
Syntheses, Reactivity, and X‐ray Structure Analyses of the Dimeric Pentaphosphides [(tBu3Si)3P5M2]2 (M = Na, Ag) and the Bicyclo[2.1.0]pentaphosphane (tBu3Si)3P5 (2005)

Abstract The sodium pentaphosphide dimer [( t Bu 3 Si) 3 P 5 Na 2 (THF)] 2 has been synthesized in high yield from the reaction of four equivalents of the sodium silanide t Bu 3 SiNa with P 4 . X‐ray quality crystals of the sodium pentaphosphide dimer [( t Bu 3 Si) 3 P 5 Na 2 (THF)] 2 (monoclinic, P 2 1 / n ) were grown from benzene. The sodium pentaphosphide ( t Bu 3 Si) 3 P 5 Na 2 can be oxidized with one equivalent of TCNE to give the bicyclo[2.1.0]pentaphosphane ( t Bu 3 Si) 3 P 5 ; it also reacts with AgOCN to give the silver pentaphosphide [( t Bu 3 Si) 3 P 5 Ag 2 ] 2 (monoclinic, P 2 1 / n ). Crystals of the pentaphosphane ( t Bu 3 Si) 3 P 5 (monoclinic, P 2 1 / c ) suitable for X‐ray diffraction were obtained from hexane at –25 °C. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)