gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Using the surface spontaneous depolarization field of ferroelectrics to direct the assembly of virus particles (2004)

Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) particles have been assembled at predetermined locations on the surface of a ferroelectric thin film with the composition PbZr0.3Ti0.7O3. The domain structure, hence the surface depolarization field for the ferroelectric associated with the bending of the ferroelectric band structure, was modified at length scales of around 2μm. A suspension of TMV particles was deposited onto the surface of the ferroelectric over the region where domain modification had been performed. SPM images (intermittent contact) revealed that the virus particles were attracted to regions of the surface that had either been positively modified or were nominally neutral. Regions of modified negative surface charge effectively repelled the virus particles.
Natural variation in a single amino acid underlies cellular responses to topoisomerase II poisons (2017)

ABSTRACT Many medications, including chemotherapeutics, are differentially effective from one patient to the next. Understanding the causes of these population-wide differences is a critical step towards the development of personalized treatments and improvements to existing medications. Here, we investigate natural differences in sensitivity to anti-neoplastic drugs that target topoisomerase II, using the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans . We show that wild isolates of C. elegans vary in their sensitivity to these drugs, and we use an unbiased statistical and molecular genetics approach to demonstrate that this variation is explained by a methionine-to-glutamine substitution in topoisomerase II (TOP-2). The presence of a non-polar methionine at this residue increases hydrophobic interactions between TOP-2 and the poison etoposide, as compared to a polar glutamine. We hypothesize that this stabilizing interaction results in increased genomic instability in strains that contain a methionine residue. The residue affected by this substitution is conserved from yeast to humans and is one of the few differences between the two human topoisomerase II isoforms (methionine in hTOPIIα and glutamine in hTOPIIβ). We go on to show that this substitution influences binding and cytotoxicity of etoposide and two additional topoisomerase II poisons in human cell lines. These results explain why hTOPIIα and hTOPIIβ are differentially affected by various poisons and demonstrate the utility of C. elegans in understanding the genetics of drug responses.
Field Propagation in Circular Hollow Waveguides With Non-Ideal Metallic Conductors From Microwaves to Terahertz Frequencies (2011)

A general and rigorous formulation is proposed for the analysis of hollow metallic waveguides from the gigahertz to the terahertz band. The analysis is based on a hybrid mode formulation and the Drude model for the dielectric permittivity of metallic conductors. The obtained results for the circular waveguide are compared with the classical microwave approach (surface impedance approximation or Leontovich condition). The validity range of the surface impedance approximation in both the propagation constant and the electromagnetic field pattern is studied. As a consequence, a direct relation between the error in the propagation constant and the electromagnetic field configuration is shown. Moreover, this formulation shows the evolution in the field pattern: from <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$TE/TM$</tex></formula> modes at microwaves to the so-called Surface Plasmon Polariton at terahertz frequencies.
Effect of duration on the frequency discrimination of individual partials in a complex tone and on the discrimination of fundamental frequency (2007)

Thresholds for the discrimination of fundamental frequency (FODLs) and frequency difference limens (FDLs) for individual partials within a complex tone (F0=250 Hz, harmonics 1-7) were measured for stimulus durations of 200, 50, and 16 ms. The FDLs increased with decreasing duration. Although the results differed across subjects, the effect of duration generally decreased as the harmonic number increased from 1 to 4, then increased as the harmonic number increased to 6, and finally decreased for the seventh harmonic. For each duration, FODLs were smaller than the smallest FDL for any individual harmonic, indicating that information is combined across harmonics in the discrimination of FO. FODLs predicted from the FDLs corresponded well with observed FODLs for the 200- and 16-ms durations but were significantly larger than observed FODLs for the 50-ms duration. A supplementary pitch-matching experiment using two subjects indicated that the contribution of the seventh harmonic to the pitch of the 16-ms complex tone was smaller than would be predicted from the FDL for that harmonic. The results are consistent with the idea that the dominant region shifts upward with decreasing duration, but that the weight assigned to individual harmonics is not always adjusted in an optimal way.
Towards security architecture for Home (evolved) NodeB: challenges, requirements and solutions (2009)

Abstract In this paper, we evaluate the options for a viable security architecture for the 3GPP Home (evolved) NodeB (H(e)NB) and present the trade‐off between the level of security provided and the associated cost of a H(e)NB device. Low cost of the H(e)NB device is one of the key factors to achieve high market penetration and the major contributor to the cost of the H(e)NB device is the security architecture. It is of interest to analyse the security challenges, security requirements and security mechanisms for (i) H(e)NB authentication, (ii) provisioning of security credentials, (iii) backhaul link protection, (iv) location verification and (v) user access control in the H(e)NB. It is required that the H(e)NB architecture mitigates the threats foreseen by opting a comprehensive security mechanisms amenable to both the operators and the subscribers, while satisfying the acceptable level of security required. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Development of TGV Interposer for 3D IC (2013)

This study explores Through Glass Via (TGV) formation technology and metallization technology for glass interposer. 3D packaging has presently attracted lots of attention. The interposer is recognized as one of key materials, and its development of new fine pitch, high dense, and low cost interposer are accelerated. Glass is expected as one of candidates as material of future interposer substrate because of its good electrical properties and scalability of substrate size leading to higher loading efficiency. This study demonstrates TGV formation showed capabilities of fine pitch and high dense, and TGV formation for standard thick glass aiming varied applications for packaging such as MEMS, Optical device, and RF devise. This study also demonstrates metallization for above fine pitch TGV substrate. Necessary future development and subjects are pointed out.
INFLUENCE OF CHITOSAN AND MICRONUTRIENTS (FE + ZN) CONCENTRATIONS ON GROWTH, YIELD COMPONENTS AND VOLATILE OIL OF LAVENDER PLANT (2021)

To study the influence of the two factors of chitosan concentration (0.0, 100, 200 and 400 ppm), micronutrients as FeSO4 + ZnSO4 (0.0, 50, 100 and 200 ppm) and their combination treatments on plant growth, yield components, volatile oil production, total carbohydrates % and total chlorophyll content (SPAD unit), two filed experiments were conducted on lavender (Lavandula officinalis, Chaix.) during the two summer consecutive seasons of 2018 and 2019 at Agric. Res. Farm, Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt. The Experimental layout was split-plot design between the four chitosan concentrations as main plots and the four micronutrients concentration as sub-plots in randomized complete blocks design with 3 replicates. The obtained results referred to that using chitosan concentration of 400 ppm significantly increased growth parameters (plant height, number of branches/plant, fresh and dry weights of roots/plant as well as root number and length), yield components (total dry herb yield/plant and /feddan), volatile oil production (volatile oil percentage and volatile oil yield per plant) and chemical constituents (total chlorophyll content and total carbohydrates percentage) compared to control and the other levels under study. Furthermore, the highest values in these characters were noticed by micronutrients at 200 ppm treatment in both seasons, in most cases. In general, it is preferable to spray lavender plants with chitosan at 400 ppm combined with Fe + Zn at 200 ppm five times a season to increase the plant growth, yield components and plant pigments as well as volatile oil production of this important aromatic plant
Stress- and Nanostructure-Imaging of Ceramic Fibers and Abradable Thermal Barrier Coatings by Raman Microspectrometry-State of the Art and Perspectives (2008)

Raman scattering is a unique tool providing information on the structure and short-range order of matter, whatever its physical state (liquid, amorphous or crystalline), through the intensity, wavenumber and bandwidth of the Raman peaks. Stress-induced Raman shifts can be used to determine the stress/strain in films, fibers, particulates, and, more generally, in any phase a few micron in scale, either by it salt or dispersed in a matrix. Quantitative results follow from wavenumber calibration as a function of tensile strains or pressures applied to fibers or crystals. Furthermore, if the material is colored, (near) resonant Raman scattering occurs, which enhances the scattered light intensity and simplifies the spectra, especially for harmonics, but drastically reduces the analyzed volume (in-depth penetration ∼10–100 nm). This paper gives an overview of the effective and potential advantages and drawbacks of the Raman microspectrometry technique. The procedures to improve the sensitivity, the legibility and the reliability will be addressed. Examples will be chosen among (C, SiC) fiber reinforced ceramic or metal matrix composites, and an abradable zirconia-based engine case coating impacted with various coated blades.
Route prediction model of infectious diseases for 2018 Winter Olympics in Korea (2014)

There are many types of respiratory infectious diseases caused by germs, virus, mycetes and parasites. Researchers recently have tried to develop mathematical models to predict the epidemic of infectious diseases. However, with the development of ground transportation system in modern society, the spread of infectious diseases became faster and more complicated in terms of the speed and the pathways. The route of infectious diseases during Vancouver Olympics was predicted based on the Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered (SIR) model. In this model only the air traffic as an essential factor for the intercity migration of infectious diseases was involved. Here, we propose a multi-city transmission model to predict the infection route during 2018 Winter Olympics in Korea based on the pre-existing SIR model. Various types of transportation system such as a train, a car, a bus, and an airplane for the interpersonal contact in both inter- and intra-city are considered. Simulation is performed with assumptions and scenarios based on realistic factors including demographic, transportation and diseases data in Korea. Finally, we analyze an economic profit and loss caused by the variation of the number of tourists during the Olympics.
Inference from RNA interference: Suggestions to our authors (2019)

Those of you who read Nature must have been astounded in 2008 about an article stating that “Non-targeted (against non-mammalian genes) and targeted (against Vegfa or Vegfr1) siRNA suppressed choroidal neovascularization via cell-surface toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), its adaptor TRIF, and induction of interferon-γ and interleukin-12. Non-targeted siRNA suppressed dermal neovascularization in mice as effectively as Vegfa siRNA”.1 These siRNA effects were entirely sequence-independent and class-specific for double strand RNAs longer than 21 bp. In addition to these TLR-mediated various other types of undesired effects have been ascribed to si/shRNAs and guidelines to avoid the various types of off-target effects have been proposed.2-4 This is of particular importance when a study uses si/shRNAs for validation of a limited set of events which are components of the large regulatory networks that underlie complex cellular phenomena like cell fate transitions, growth, or cell death. The International Journal of Cancer (IJC) receives many manuscripts where siRNA or shRNA approaches are used to support essential conclusions. Often only one siRNA is used and frequently the existence of off-target effects is not considered at all. To avoid requesting additional experiments before sending out the manuscripts for review, we recommend for cell assays to (1) use multiple si/shRNAs, ideally targeting different exons, and different ‘scrambled’ RNAs as control, (2) make sure to exclude immune recognition (IFN response), and (3) validate key data either by using a ‘rescue’ approach (e.g., by expressing the 3′-truncated cDNA in case the si/shRNA targets the 3′UTR, by expressing the targeted transcript with a mutated siRNA recognition site from a corresponding cDNA vector) or by using a different technology like a CRISPR/Cas9 knock out or another type of knock-out. Given that the latter can be rather demanding, we ask authors to provide such validation only for key experiments which support their central conclusion. The Editors of IJC would like to point out that they are all active senior scientists with significant track records who know by their own experience how disappointing it is for authors when a paper is returned without peer review. We do not judge the authors’ records nor the reputation of the institute where the work has been done. For us, scientific quality, novelty, and the impact are the sole criteria for decision. It is for this reason that we draw the attention of our authors to the need of proper controls in RNA interference experiments.
Estrogen receptor‐β ligand treatment after disease onset is neuroprotective in the multiple sclerosis model (2013)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation and neurodegeneration. Current MS treatments were designed to reduce inflammation in MS rather than directly to prevent neurodegeneration. Estrogen has well-documented neuroprotective effects in a variety of disorders of the CNS, including experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the most widely used mouse model of MS. Treatment with an estrogen receptor-β (ERβ) ligand is known to ameliorate clinical disease effectively and provide neuroprotection in EAE. However, the protective effects of this ERβ ligand have been demonstrated only when administered prior to disease (prophylactically). Here we tested whether ERβ ligand treatment could provide clinical protection when treatment was initiated after onset of disease (therapeutically). We found that therapeutic treatment effectively ameliorated clinical disease in EAE. Specifically, ERβ ligand-treated animals exhibited preserved axons and myelin compared with vehicle-treated animals. We observed no difference in the number of T lymphocytes, macrophages, or microglia in the CNS of vehicle- vs. ERβ ligand-treated animals. Our findings show that therapeutically administered ERβ ligand successfully treats clinical EAE, bearing translational relevance to MS as a candidate neuroprotective agent.
Layered Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} based composites (1995)

Four silicon nitride multilayer composites were prepared by hot pressing. Room temperature bending strength of all layered composites is higher than the bending strength of related monoliths. More creep resistant layer dictate the properties of composite at high temperatures.
Enhancement of Long-Persistence by Ce Co-Doping in CaS:Eu[sup 2+], Tm[sup 3+] Red Phosphor (2006)

, , , , , , , and , , phosphors samples were prepared using a solid state chemical reaction method. Emission and excitation spectra of (peak emission observed at ) and (peak emission observed at ) were investigated. Neither singly doped sample nor and codoped sample had a long afterglow. , showed some afterglow with a short persistence. By incorporation of , an efficient energy transfer from to was found at a low doping concentration 0.1%. Emission intensity of was enhanced by 20%. Enhancement of long persistence of afterglow emission was achieved by co-doping in , as a durable sensitizer. For the triply doped , , it was found that the persistence time was 22% longer than that of , .
Past Decline Versus Current eGFR and Subsequent ESRD Risk (2015)

eGFR is a robust predictor of ESRD risk. However, the prognostic information gained from the past trajectory (slope) beyond that of the current eGFR is unclear. We examined 22 cohorts to determine the association of past slopes and current eGFR level with subsequent ESRD. We modeled hazard ratios as a spline function of slopes, adjusting for demographic variables, eGFR, and comorbidities. We used random effects meta-analyses to combine results across studies stratified by cohort type. We calculated the absolute risk of ESRD at 5 years after the last eGFR using the weighted average baseline risk. Overall, 1,080,223 participants experienced 5163 ESRD events during a mean follow-up of 2.0 years. In CKD cohorts, a slope of -6 versus 0 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) per year over the previous 3 years (a decline of 18 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) versus no decline) associated with an adjusted hazard ratio of ESRD of 2.28 (95% confidence interval, 1.88 to 2.76). In contrast, a current eGFR of 30 versus 50 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) (a difference of 20 ml/min per 1.73 m(2)) associated with an adjusted hazard ratio of 19.9 (95% confidence interval, 13.6 to 29.1). Past decline contributed more to the absolute risk of ESRD at lower than higher levels of current eGFR. In conclusion, during a follow-up of 2 years, current eGFR associates more strongly with future ESRD risk than the magnitude of past eGFR decline, but both contribute substantially to the risk of ESRD, especially at eGFR<30 ml/min per 1.73 m(2).
A Coarse-to-fine Unsupervised Domain Adaptation Method for Cross-Mode Polyp Segmentation (2022)

The goal of the Unsupervised Domain Adaptation (UDA) is to transfer the knowledge of the model learned from a source domain with available labels to the target data domain without having access to labels. However, the performance of UDA can greatly suffer from the domain shift issue caused by the misalignment of the two data distributions from the two data sources. Endoscopy can be performed under different light modes, including white-light imaging (WLI) and image-enhanced endoscopy (IEE) light modes. However, most of the current polyp datasets are collected in the WLI mode since it is the standard and most popular one in all endoscopy systems. Therefore, AI models trained on such WLI datasets can strongly degrade when applied to other light modes. In order to address this issue, this paper proposes a coarse-to-fine UDA method that first coarsely aligns the two data distributions at the input level using the Fourier transform in chromatic space; then finely aligns them at the feature level using a fine-grained adversarial training. The backbone of our model is based on a powerful transformer architecture. Experimental results show that our proposed method effectively solves the domain shift issue and achieves a substantial performance improvement on cross-mode polyp segmentation for endoscopy.
E1A Activates Transcription of p73 and Noxa to Induce Apoptosis (2004)

p73, a member of the p53 family of proteins, transcriptionally activates a number of genes involved in the control of cell cycle and apoptosis. Overexpression of p73 was detected in a large number of primary head and neck cancers, and in the established cell lines examined, these all contained inactivating p53 mutations. The significance of p73 overexpression in the pathogenesis of head and neck cancer is currently unclear. We have shown that the expression of adenovirus 5 E1A in a panel of head and neck cancer cell lines induces apoptosis independently of their p53 status. In this study we examined the role of p73 and its transcriptional targets in E1A-mediated induction of apoptosis. E1A expression resulted in significant activation of the TAp73 promoter but had no effect on the alternative, DeltaNp73 promoter. E1A also increased expression of endogenous TAp73 mRNA and protein. E1A mutants lacking the p300- and/or pRB-binding sites showed reduced ability to activate the TAp73 promoter. Additionally, mutations in the E2F1-binding sites in the TAp73 promoter impaired activation by E1A. Importantly, expression of the 13S isoform of E1A substantially induced the p53 apoptotic target Noxa in several p53-deficient cancer cell lines. Our results indicate that E1A activation of p73 and the p53 apoptotic target Noxa can occur in the absence of a functional p53. This activation is likely to play a key role in the mechanism of p53-independent apoptosis induced by E1A in some cancers and may provide an avenue for future cancer therapies.
Particle size, grain size and γ-MgH2effects on the desorption properties of nanocrystalline commercial magnesium hydride processed by controlled mechanical milling (2006)

The hydrogen desorption properties of commercial nanocrystalline magnesium hydride (Tego Magnan® from Degussa–Goldschmidt) processed by controlled mechanical milling (CMM) are investigated. A profound effect of the powder particle size on the hydrogen desorption characteristics has been observed. The onset (TON) and peak hydrogen desorption temperatures measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) decrease initially slowly with decreasing mean particle size of hydride, and when the particle size reaches a certain critical threshold value, the desorption temperatures start decreasing more rapidly with further decrease of particle size. The total drop of desorption temperature from its initial value for the as-received MgH2 to the value attained for the milled MgH2 having a particle size of ∼500–600 nm is within the range 40–60 °C. The metastable γ-MgH2 hydride coexists with the stable nanocrystalline β-MgH2 in the microstructure of the MgH2 powders ball milled for 10 h and longer. Quantitative evidence shows that two factors, namely the refined powder particle size and the γ-MgH2 phase residing within the powder particles, acting additively, are responsible for a substantial reduction of the hydrogen desorption temperature of MgH2 hydride.
Silicon Photonics – Optics to the Chip at Last? (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Problems of Wires Technologies for Optical Interconnects to Chips Conclusions References
ChemInform Abstract: Amselamine, a New Selective Histamine H2‐Receptor Agonist. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.