gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Process development and material characterization of polycrystalline Bi2Te3, PbTe, and PbSnSeTe thin films on silicon for millimeter-scale thermoelectric generators (2008)

In this work, deposition, patterning, and metallization of vapor-deposited polycrystalline thermoelectric (TE) thin films of Bi2Te3, PbTe, and PbSnSeTe on silicon (Si) substrates are investigated. These fundamental microfabrication methods are intended for use in integrating TE films into thermally powered micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS)-based power generators. P-type polycrystalline Bi2Te3, PbTe, and PbSnSeTe films were successfully deposited on thermally oxidized (100) Si substrates to thicknesses ranging from 0.4 to 9 μm. Dry etch rates of about 0.6−0.7 μm/min were achieved for Bi2Te3 and PbTe/PbSnSeTe using methane-based gases. Wet etch rates of ∼3 μm/min were achieved using various acid wet chemistries. Films were electrically characterized using van der Pauw and transfer length method (TLM) test structures. Postdeposition resistivities were measured as low as 23 mΩ cm for Bi2Te3, 134 mΩ cm for PbTe, and 52 mΩ cm for PbSnSeTe. The Seebeck coefficients were measured at up to 94 μV/K for undoped Bi2Te3, and 160 and 42 μV/K for doped PbTe and PbSnSeTe, respectively. Metal contact resistivities (0.18−42 mΩ cm2) were also extracted for a variety of thin film metals (Pt, Au, Cu, Ni, Cr/Pt/Au, Ti/Pt). Various postdeposition annealing treatments were explored for reducing film resistivity that would enable higher power delivery for TE generator applications. Rapid thermal annealing in nitrogen at 400 °C was shown to reduce the resistivity of PbTe and improve film adhesion to oxidized silicon substrates. Also, after successive heatings in air at 200 °C, the resistivity of the PbTe films remained stable while that of the PbSnSeTe increased up to 10×.
Present and future of distributed power systems (2003)

The current stage of development of distributed power systems is presented. Various DC-bus and AC-bus distributed power system architectures are discussed. System integration issues related to paralleling and cascading of DC/DC converters are explained. Benefits and challenges of distributed power systems in various applications are summarized.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Grain growth behaviour and high strain rate tensile properties of gas tungsten arc welds in iridium alloy DOP–26 (2000)

The high strain rate tensile ductilities of gas tungsten arc welds in an Ir–0.3 wt-%W alloy containing 60 wt-ppm Th (designated DOP–26) have been determined at test temperatures of 900–1200°C. Within this temperature range, the welded specimens of DOP–26 exhibited tensile ductilities of 9–15%, independent of the test temperature. These values are comparable to those of unwelded DOP–26 tensile specimens tested at temperatures below 1000°C, but significantly lower than (approximately half) those of unwelded DOP–26 tested above 1000°C. Elongation measurements at points along the gauge length of tensile tested specimens indicated that ductility was fairly uniform across the base metal and weld regions. At a tensile test temperature of 900°C, fracture occurred in the base metal with a mixed intergranular–transgranular failure mode. At 980°C and above, fracture occurred along the grain boundaries in the centreline of the weld. Scanning electron microscopy of fracture surfaces revealed the presence of numerous secondary phase particles along grain boundaries in the weld region. These particles were rich in thorium and were identified as an Ir–Th eutectic phase (melting point ∼2080°C) that formed as the weld pool cooled. These particles, and the larger grain size of the fusion zone compared with the base metal, contributed to the lower tensile ductilities of the welded specimens compared with unwelded specimens. Because high strain rate tensile ductility in this alloy is strongly dependent on grain size, the grain growth behaviour of welded specimens of the alloy was also studied. In as welded specimens, the average grain diameters (measured through the thickness of the specimens in a plane perpendicular to the welding direction) in the base metal, weld centreline, and fusion zone were ∼21, 41, and 72 µm respectively. For annealing times up to 1065 h at 1400°C and up to 100 h at 1500°C, grain sizes in the weld centreline and in the fusion zone did not change significantly. For these same anneals the base metal grain size increased gradually to 45 and 58 µm for 1400 and 1500°C annealing respectively. The base metal grain sizes were comparable to previous data from unwelded specimens of this alloy. However, excessive grain growth for an annealing time of 250 h at 1500°C was observed and as yet is unexplained.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural and Magnetic Properties of the New Ternary Silicide Gd3Co2.48Si1.52. (2012)

Abstract The title compound is prepared by arc melting of the elements followed by annealing at 1073 K for one month.
New properties from PLA-PEO-PLA hydrogels (2005)

Polymeric materials are important in many medical applications. Regenerative medicine offers the potential to repair or replace damaged tissue and polymers are an essential component of many tissue engineering approaches. Hydrogels have many advantageous properties but, generally, lack robust mechanical properties. At the same time, mounting evidence points to the importance of the matrix modulus when constructing devices. In this context, triblock copolymers made from poly(L-lactide)-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(L-lactide) have been prepared and formulated into hydrogels. Investigations into their mechanical properties found the elastic modulus to be greater than 10 kPa which is at least one order of magnitude stiffer than previously reported from macromolecules composed of similar monomers. Part of the reason is the presence of crystalline lactide domains. Creating hydrogels with tailored modulus across the kPa range will likely have important ramifications in regenerative medicine.
ChemInform Abstract: Strategies for the Design and Synthesis of Boronated Nucleic Acid and Protein Components as Potential Delivery Agents for Neutron Capture Therapy (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Genomics-driven discovery of the pneumocandin biosynthetic gene cluster in the fungus Glarea lozoyensis (2013)

Characterization of the gene cluster provides a blueprint for engineering new pneumocandin derivatives with improved pharmacological properties. Whole genome estimation of the secondary metabolite-encoding genes from G. lozoyensis provides yet another example of the huge potential for drug discovery from natural products from the fungal kingdom.
STRUCTURAL/CONTROL SYSTEM OPTIMIZATION WITH VARIABLE ACTUATOR MASSES (1993)

A method is presented to integrate the design space for structural/control system optimization problems in the case of linear state feedback control. Nonstructural lumped masses and control system design variables as well as structural sizing variables are all treated equally as independent design variables in the optimization process. Structural and control design variable linking schemes are used in order to avoid a prohibitively large increase in the total number of independent design variables. When actuator masses are treated as nonstructural lumped mass design variables, special consideration is given to the relation between the transient peak responses and the required actuator masses which is formulated as a behavior constraint form. The original nonlinear mathematical programming problem based on a finite element formulation and linear state feedback is replaced by a sequence of explicit approximate problems exploiting various approximation concepts such as design variable linkings, temporary constraint deletion and first order Taylor series expansion of nonlinear behavior constraints in terms of intermediate design variables. Examples which involve a variety of dynamic behavior constraints (including constraints on closed-loop eigenvalues, peak transient displacements, peak actuator forces, and relations between the peak responses and the actuator masses) are effectively solved by using the method presented.
Considerations on applying OFDM in a highly efficient power amplifier (1999)

A major obstacle in applying orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) in wireless local networks is the need for a highly linear and efficient radio frequency power amplifier. The strong fluctuated envelope of an OFDM signal makes it difficult to build this kind of power amplifier. In this paper, we consider the use of the envelope elimination and restoration method for OFDM power amplification and evaluate its performance tradeoffs. The results are compared to the performance of a linear power amplifier with different power backoffs. In addition, as the envelope of an OFDM signal is concentrated at low level, the average output power is low when a low supply voltage power amplifier is used. Simulation is done to show that the signal power (or signal-to-noise ratio for fixed noise level) can be traded off with clipping level for optimum bit-error-rate without increasing power supply voltage.
Photodissociation of protonated leucine-enkephalin in the VUV range of 8–40 eV (2011)

Until now, photodissociation studies on free complex protonated peptides were limited to the UV wavelength range accessible by intense lasers. We have studied photodissociation of gas-phase protonated leucine-enkephalin cations for vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photons energies ranging from 8 to 40 eV. We report time-of-flight mass spectra of the photofragments and various photofragment-yields as a function of photon energy. For sub-ionization energies our results are in line with existing studies on UV photodissociation of leucine-enkephalin. For photon energies exceeding 10 eV we could identify a new dissociation scheme in which photoabsorption leads to a fast loss of the tyrosine side chain. This loss process leads to the formation of a residual peptide that is remarkably cold internally.
GV150526: A Neuroprotective Agent (2000)

ABSTRACT Thromboembolic stroke is a severe, disabling disease characterized by an abrupt reduction of cerebral blood flow, which leads to deprivation of oxygen and nutrients to neuronal tissue, followed by permanent brain damage. Evidence has been accumulated to implicate excitotoxicity in the pathogenesis of ischemic brain injury. Overstimulation of excitatory amino acid receptors becomes deleterious for neuronal cell survival. Glutamate antagonists can ameliorate the ischemic injury by any of several mechanisms. Because blockade of the glycine site of the N ‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor seems to offer a better side‐effect profile, glycine antagonists are attractive targets for blocking excitotoxicity following stroke. GV150526 is a selective and potent glycine antagonist at the NMDA receptor complex. It binds to the glycine site with both high affinity and high selectivity in in vitro binding studies. In vivo studies have shown that GV150526 significantly reduces infarct volume in the middle cerebral artery occlusion model of stroke. This effect remained statistically significant, even if treatment was delayed for as long as 6 h post‐occlusion. GV150526 showed no evidence of adverse effects usually associated with NMDA receptor blockers, such as neuronal vacuolization in standard assays or cognitive impairment in behavioral tests. GV150526 had no significant treatment‐related respiratory or cardiovascular effects or effects on behavior, body temperature, or blood pressure in mice or rats. Pharmacokinetic studies indicated that GV150526 has low clearance and volume of distribution in both the rat and the dog. Preclinical toxicology studies have shown that the compound is well tolerated in both species. Phase I/II studies were undertaken to assess the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of GV150526 in healthy volunteers and acute stroke patients, and from these a dose was selected to be studied in Phase III clinical trials. These efficacy studies have now completed recruitment and data reconciliation is ongoing. GV150526 has the potential to be an effective therapy for acute ischemic stroke.
An atypical form of AOA2 with myoclonus associated with mutations in SETX and AFG3L2 (2015)

Exome sequencing is a powerful tool in identifying disease genes. We identified an atypical form of Ataxia with Oculoapraxia type 2 (AOA2) with myoclonus at onset associated with the c.6292C > T (p.Arg2098*) homozygous mutation. Because the same genotype was described in six cases from a Tunisian family with a typical AOA2 without myoclonus, we speculate this latter feature is associated with a second mutated gene, namely AFG3L2 (p.Gly116Arg variant). We suggest that variant phenotypes may be due to the combined effect of different mutated genes associated to ataxia or related disorders, that will become more apparent as the costs of exome sequencing progressively will reduce, amplifying its diagnostics use, and meanwhile proposing significant challenges in the interpretation of the data.
The Dynamic Influence of Olorofim (F901318) on the Cell Morphology and Organization of Living Cells of Aspergillus fumigatus (2020)

The first characterized antifungal in the orotomide class is olorofim. It targets the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway by inhibiting dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH). The pyrimidines uracil, thymine and cytosine are the building blocks of DNA and RNA; thus, inhibition of their synthesis is likely to have multiple effects, including affecting cell cycle regulation and protein synthesis. Additionally, uridine-5'-triphosphate (UTP) is required for the formation of uridine-diphosphate glucose (UDP-glucose), which is an important precursor for several cell wall components. In this study, the dynamic effects of olorofim treatment on the morphology and organization of <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> hyphae were analyzed microscopically using confocal live-cell imaging. Treatment with olorofim led to increased chitin content in the cell wall, increased septation, enlargement of vacuoles and inhibition of mitosis. Furthermore, vesicle-like structures, which could not be stained or visualized with a range of membrane- or vacuole-selective dyes, were found in treated hyphae. A colocalization study of DHODH and MitoTracker Red FM confirmed for the first time that <i>A. fumigatus</i> DHODH is localized in the mitochondria. Overall, olorofim treatment was found to significantly influence the dynamic structure and organization of <i>A. fumigatus</i> hyphae.
A ray tracing approach to channel modelling for the indoor environment (2002)

A technique of modelling the indoor radio channel that provides an insight into the propagation mechanisms involved is presented. The model by its nature provides a detailed account of the channel, with access to system parameters that are otherwise inaccessible. To demonstrate the validity of this model, results are presented which show the close match between the real environment and the simulated environment. Although gross approximations are made about the environment, the model still gives good results, highlighting the important parameters that need to be considered in channel models.
Encapsulation of Carbonyl Iron Particles with Poly(Vinyl Butyral) and their Magnetorheology (2007)

To enhance dispersion stability of magnetorheological (MR) fluids, hybrid magnetic particles of carbonyl iron (CI)/ poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB) with core/shell microstrcutre (CI-PVB) were prepared, since pure magnetic CI based MR fluid systems show severe sedimentation of the CI particles due to the large density mismatch with the carrier liquid and difficulties in redispersion after caking. The composite particles of CI-PVB have a lower density than that of the pure CI particles, while exhibiting almost original magnetic property of the CI. Both CI and CI-PVB particles were dispersed in mineral oil (20 vol%) and their MR characteristics were examined via a rotational rheometer with a magnetic field supplier. Various characterizations of the CI-PVB particles were performed via SEM, TEM and FT-IR. Both yield stress and flow curve of shear stress as a function of shear rate of the MR fluids were investigated under applied magnetic field strengths.
Scattering properties of envelope solitons in disordered systems: decay of localization effects by strong nonlinearity (1992)

Abstract We study the scattering of nonlinear wavepackets in the form of envelope solitons by a one-dimensional disordered system. We briefly review the features of the scattering for linear waves and obtain some results for linear wavepackets to demonstrate their common exponential decay of the transmission coefficient, characterized by a localization length. We consider the same process for envelope solitons, and we show in the framework of the simplest model, that, above a certain threshold, strong nonlinearity allows undistorted propagation of these wavepackets. We describe how this behaviour can be obtained, for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation, by means of a simple independent scattering approach, using results of soliton perturbation theory to compute one-impurity reflection coefficients in the Born approximation. We derive equations to describe the transmission of the soliton parameters and analyse them in full detail. The main result of our study is the conclusion that a strong nonlinearity stipulates two spatial scales in the wavepacket scattering by disordered systems. The first spatial scale depends on the amplitude and it may be very large, and the second one is the usual localization length. As a consequence the nonlinear wavepackets or solitons are much more stable against disorder than linear ones.
Magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound for prediction of residual tumor size in early breast cancer within the ADAPT subtrials (2021)

Clinicaltrials.gov , NCT01815242 (registered on March 21, 2013), NCT01817452 (registered on March 25, 2013), and NCT01779206 (registered on January 30, 2013).
Sphingosine Kinase 2 mediates LCMV-induced CD4+ T cell suppression and instigates viral persistence while preventing immunopathology (2019)

Abstract Viruses often establish persistent infections by causing dysfunctional T cell responses. Little is known about the role of sphingosine kinase 2 (SphK2) in the immune response to viral infections; even though, its enzymatic product, sphingosine 1-phosphate, is well-known to regulate versatile cellular processes. In this work, we demonstrate that during lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus clone 13 (LCMV Cl 13) infection in mice, SphK2 functions to limit CD4+ T cell responses, which aids in the establishment of virus-induced immunosuppression and viral persistence. The infection of SphK2-deficient (SphK2−/−) mice with LCMV Cl 13 resulted in kidney disease and ultimately mortality, which was not observed with acute infection by the Armstrong strain of LCMV. Following infection, SphK2−/− mice were shown to have increased LCMV-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses. Depletion of CD4+ or CD8+ T cells prevented the infection-induced death of SphK2−/− mice, which indicates T cell-mediated immunopathology. With the use of LCMV epitope-specific TCR transgenic mouse lines for adoptive transfer studies, SphK2 was shown to have intrinsic negative function in CD4+ T cells, but not CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, SphK2−/− CD4+ T cells were able to promote endogenous, virus-specific CD8+ T cell responses. Importantly, oral treatment of LCMV Cl 13-infected mice with an SphK2-selective inhibitor increased the number of LCMV-reactive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and led to the accelerated termination of LCMV Cl 13 persistence, without causing mortality. Our results suggest that transient SphK2 inhibition is a promising novel immunotherapeutic strategy for the control of persistent viral infections.
Supplementary Table 2 from Cancer-Testis Antigens: Expression and Correlation with Survival in Human Urothelial Carcinoma (2023)

Supplementary Table 2 from Cancer-Testis Antigens: Expression and Correlation with Survival in Human Urothelial Carcinoma
Radiofrequency Lesion Adjacent to the Dorsal Root Ganglion for Cervicobrachial Pain: A Prospective Double Blind Randomized Study (1996)

EACH OF 20 consecutive patients with a history of at least 1 year of intractable chronic cervicobrachial pain was randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups. The pretreatment investigation included at least three diagnostic segmental nerve blocks in each patient. Each patient in Group I received a 67°C radiofrequency lesion adjacent to the dorsal root ganglion. The patients in Group II were treated in an identical manner as those in Group I, except that no actual radiofrequency lesion was made. Neither the therapist nor the patients were aware of the treatment group assignment. All patients were questioned about their pain experience 1 week before and 8 weeks after the procedure. The following tests were used in evaluating patient response: Visual Analogue Scale (VAS); McGill Pain Questionnaire, Dutch Language Version (MPQ-DLV); and Multidimensional Pain Inventory, Dutch Language Version (MPI-DLV). These tests showed that 8 weeks after the procedure, there was a significant number of“successful” patients in Group I compared to Group II (P= 0.0027); there was a significant reduction in VAS score (P < 0.01) and also in parameters measured with MPQ-DLV and MPI-DLV in Group I. This study indicates that a 67°C radiofrequency lesion adjacent to the dorsal root ganglion can result in a significant alleviation of pain in chronic cervicobrachial pain.