gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Advanced Motion Compensation Methods for Intravital Optical Microscopy (2013)

Intravital microscopy has emerged in the recent decade as an indispensible imaging modality for the study of the micro-dynamics of biological processes in live animals. Technical advancements in imaging techniques and hardware components, combined with the development of novel targeted probes and new mice models, have enabled us to address long-standing questions in several biology areas such as oncology, cell biology, immunology and neuroscience. As the instrument resolution has increased, physiological motion activities have become a major obstacle that prevents imaging live animals at resolutions analogue to the ones obtained in vitro. Motion compensation techniques aim at reducing this gap and can effectively increase the <i>in vivo</i> resolution. This paper provides a technical review of some of the latest developments in motion compensation methods, providing organ specific solutions.
JNJ-64794964 (AL-034/TQ-A3334), a TLR7 agonist, induces sustained anti-HBV activity in AAV/HBV mice via non-cytolytic mechanisms (2021)

JNJ-64794964 (JNJ-4964/AL-034/TQ-A3334), an oral toll-like receptor 7 agonist, is being investigated for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB), a condition with a high unmet medical need. The anti-hepatitis B (HBV) activity of JNJ-4964 was assessed preclinically in an adeno-associated virus vector expressing HBV (AAV/HBV) mouse model. Mice were treated orally with 2, 6 or 20 mg/kg of JNJ-4964 once-per-week for 12 weeks and then followed up for 4 weeks. At 6 mg/kg, a partial decrease in plasma HBV-DNA and plasma hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was observed, and anti-HBs antibodies and HBsAg-specific T cells were observed in 1/8 animals. At 20 mg/kg, plasma HBV-DNA and HBsAg levels were undetectable for all animals 3 weeks after start of treatment, with no rebound observed 4 weeks after JNJ-4964 treatment was stopped. High anti-HBs antibody levels were observed until 4 weeks after JNJ-4964 treatment was stopped. In parallel, HBsAg-specific immunoglobulin G-producing B cells and interferon-γ-producing CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells were detected in the spleen. In 2/4 animals, liver HBV-DNA and HBV-RNA levels and liver hepatitis B core antigen expression dropped 4 weeks after JNJ-4964 treatment-stop. In these animals, HBsAg-specific CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells were detectable. Throughout the study, normal levels of alanine aminotransferase were observed, with no hepatocyte cell death (end of treatment and 4 weeks later) and minimal infiltrations of B and T cells into the liver, suggesting induction of cytokine-mediated, non-cytolytic mechanisms.
Analysis of defect-assisted tunneling based on low-frequency noise measurements of resonant tunnel diodes (1989)

The results of an experimental apparatus and procedure using noise measurement techniques to identify conduction mechanisms in resonant tunneling diodes due to defect-assisted tunneling are presented. The activation energies and capture cross sections of the traps are determined for each of three distinct levels detected. These values are in good agreement between the forward bias and inverted bias cases. A conjecture is made as to the physical location of the traps. This interpretation yields qualitative behavior consistent with the known bias and temperature dependence of the experimental results.
THE QUaD GALACTIC PLANE SURVEY. II. A COMPACT SOURCE CATALOG (2011)

ABSTRACT We present a catalog of compact sources derived from the QUaD Galactic Plane Survey. The survey covers ∼800 deg 2 of the inner galaxy (| b | &lt; 4°) in Stokes I , Q , and U parameters at 100 and 150 GHz, with angular resolutions of 5 and 3.5 arcmin, respectively. Five hundred and twenty-six unique sources are identified in I , of which 239 are spatially matched between frequency bands, with 53 (234) detected at 100 (150) GHz alone; 170 sources are identified as ultracompact H ii regions. Approximating the distribution of total intensity source fluxes as a power law, we find a slope of γ S , 100 = −1.8 ± 0.4 at 100 GHz and γ S , 150 = −2.2 ± 0.4 at 150 GHz. Similarly, the power-law index of the source two-point angular correlation function is γ θ, 100 = −1.21 ± 0.04 and γ θ, 150 = −1.25 ± 0.04. The total intensity spectral index distribution peaks at α I ∼ 0.25, indicating that dust emission is not the only source of radiation produced by these objects between 100 and 150 GHz; free–free radiation is likely significant in the 100 GHz band. Four sources are detected in polarized intensity P , of which three have matching counterparts in I . Three of the polarized sources lie close to the Galactic center, Sagittarius A*, Sagittarius B2, and the Galactic Radio Arc, while the fourth is RCW 49, a bright H ii region. An extended polarized source, undetected by the source extraction algorithm on account of its ∼0.°5 size, is identified visually, and is an isolated example of large-scale polarized emission oriented distinctly from the bulk Galactic dust polarization.
ChemInform Abstract: The Effects of Various Substituents Upon the Properties of the Bond Between the Bridgehead Carbons in Bicyclobutane. (1987)

Abstract A computational approach is used to investigate the properties of bicyclobutane and various of its derivatives (→ (I)) in which one or more of the groups NH 2 , NCO, NO, and NO 2 are substituted on its bridgehead positions.
End-to-End 5G Service Deployment and Orchestration in Optical Networks with QoE Guarantees (2018)

The upcoming 5G deployments will impose stringent requirements. Optical networks control and resource orchestration is set to potentially turn into software-defined approaches in order to address such requirements. As a result, there rises a need for an architectural scheme capable of supporting the different types of services defined for 5G verticals.We present in this paper an architecture enabling end-to-end (E2E) provisioning and monitoring of such 5G services over optical network segments. In particular, the scenario considers the coordination of various optical enabled network segments by a higher level E2E Orchestrator, which provides of network slice deployment and is able to guarantee agreed levels of Quality of Experience (QoE). Moreover, we discuss an example of 5G service provisioning using the proposed architecture to demonstrate its behaviour in front of different network events.
Tyrosine 569 in the c-Fms Juxtamembrane Domain Is Essential for Kinase Activity and Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor-Dependent Internalization (1994)

The receptor (Fms) for macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) is a member of the tyrosine kinase class of growth factor receptors. It maintains survival, stimulates growth, and drives differentiation of the macrophage lineage of hematopoietic cells. Fms accumulates on the cell surface and becomes activated for signal transduction after M-CSF binding and is then internalized via endocytosis for eventual degradation in lysosomes. We have investigated the mechanism of endocytosis as part of the overall signaling process of this receptor and have identified an amino acid segment near the cytoplasmic juxtamembrane region surrounding tyrosine 569 that is important for internalization. Mutation of tyrosine 569 to alanine (Y569A) eliminates ligand-induced rapid endocytosis of receptor molecules. The mutant Fms Y569A also lacks tyrosine kinase activity; however, tyrosine kinase activity is not essential for endocytosis because the kinase inactive receptor Fms K614A does undergo ligand-induced endocytosis, albeit at a reduced rate. Mutation of tyrosine 569 to phenylalanine had no effect on the M-CSF-induced endocytosis of Fms, and a four-amino-acid sequence containing Y-569 could support endocytosis when transferred into the cytoplasmic juxtamembrane region of a glycophorin A construct. These results indicate that tyrosine 569 within the juxtamembrane region of Fms is part of a signal recognition sequence for endocytosis that does not require tyrosine phosphorylation at this site and that this domain also influences the kinase activity of the receptor. These results are consistent with a ligand-dependent step in recognition of the potential cryptic internalization signal.
Bakunin, Mikhael Alexandrovitch (1814–1876) (2018)

Mikhail Alexandrovitch Bakunin was unique amongst 19th-century revolutionaries. He combined a deep interest in political theory, philosophy and political economy with a love of political action. Not satisfied to merely outline the evils of existing society and draw blue-prints of superior ones, he propagandized, formed political secret societies and supported every political upheaval, large or small, hopeful or doomed to failure, of his era. Alexander Herzen said of him, ‘Everything about this man is colossal, his energy, his appetite, yes, even the man himself.’
Unusual chemical composition fluorescers and filters for low-energy x-ray diagnostics. Part I. Oxygen compositions (1984)

The preparation of filters and fluorescence of high oxygen content (53%) for low-energy x-ray measurements is described. The thin films of high oxygen content were fabricated from a 50:50 wt. % mixture of CelconTM and DelrinTM. Thermal analysis data on all the materials investigated are also presented.
Scalable 3D dense integration of photonics on bulk silicon (2011)

We experimentally show vertically stacked, multi-layer, low-temperature deposited photonics for integration on processed microelectronics. Waveguides, microrings, and crossings are fabricated out of 400°C PECVD Si3N4 and SiO2 in a two layer configuration. Waveguide losses of ~1 dB/cm in the L-band are demonstrated using standard processing and without post-deposition annealing, along with vertically separated intersections showing -0.04 ± 0.002 dB/cross. Finally 3D drop rings are shown with 25 GHz channels and 24 dB extinction ratio.
Wideband Bandstop Filter With Cross-Coupling (2007)

A general circuit configuration for cross-coupled wideband bandstop filters is proposed. The distinct filtering characteristics of this new type of transmission line filter are investigated theoretically and experimentally. It is shown that a ripple stopband can be created, leading to a quasi-elliptic function response that enhances the rejection bandwidth. A demonstrator with approximately 80% fractional bandwidth at a mid-stopband frequency of 4 GHz is developed and presented. The proposed filter is successfully realized in theory and verified by full-wave electromagnetic simulation and the experiment. Theoretical, simulated, and measured results are in excellent agreement.
Nm23 and tumour metastasis: basic and translational advances. (1998)

The nm23 genes were discovered on the basis of their reduced expression by highly metastatic cell lines. This trend was confirmed in cohorts of several types of human carcinomas and melanomas. Several transfection studies have demonstrated the suppressive effect of nm23 overexpression on the metastatic aggressiveness of melanoma and breast carcinoma cells in vivo. These transfection experiments have also demonstrated an effect of nm23 overexpression on cellular functions involved in the metastatic phenotype, such as cell motility, and point to a regulatory role for Nm23 proteins in cellular signalling pathways. Nm23 homologues from various species are also involved in normal tissue development and differentiation. Transfection of nm23-H1 into breast cancer cells provided a functional demonstration of the involvement of this gene in the differentiation of mammary epithelial cells. However, the molecular mechanism of these biological effects remains unknown. Several biochemical activities have been reported for Nm23, including NDP kinase activity, serine autophosphorylation and protein-histidine kinase activity. To define the possible significance of these biochemical activities, we carried out site-directed mutagenesis of the relevant codons of nm23-H1 cDNA and studied the effects upon transfection into MDA-MB-435 human breast carcinoma cells. We have also used Nm23 expression as a molecular marker to identify novel compounds that are active against the most aggressive tumour cells. This approach revealed that none of the standard agents currently in clinical use is preferentially active against the most aggressive tumour cells, and allowed us to identify new compounds that are preferentially inhibitory towards low-Nm23-expressing breast carcinoma and melanoma cell lines. This analysis also revealed a significant correlation between Nm23 levels and sensitivity of the tumour cells to alkylating agents. A functional implication of Nm23 proteins in this phenomenon was demonstrated after transfection of nm23 cDNAs into melanoma and breast and ovarian carcinoma cells.
Learning effective human pose estimation from inaccurate annotation (2011)

The task of 2-D articulated human pose estimation in natural images is extremely challenging due to the high level of variation in human appearance. These variations arise from different clothing, anatomy, imaging conditions and the large number of poses it is possible for a human body to take. Recent work has shown state-of-the-art results by partitioning the pose space and using strong nonlinear classifiers such that the pose dependence and multi-modal nature of body part appearance can be captured. We propose to extend these methods to handle much larger quantities of training data, an order of magnitude larger than current datasets, and show how to utilize Amazon Mechanical Turk and a latent annotation update scheme to achieve high quality annotations at low cost. We demonstrate a significant increase in pose estimation accuracy, while simultaneously reducing computational expense by a factor of 10, and contribute a dataset of 10,000 highly articulated poses.
Genetic Programming Evolution of Controllers for 3-D Character Animation (1997)

The dominant paradigm for 3-D character animation requires an animator to specify the values for all degrees of freedom of an articulated figure at key frames. Specifying motion that is physically believable and biologically plausible is a tedious practice requiring great skill. We use evolutionary techniques (specifically Genetic Programming) as a means of controller synthesis for character animation. Controllers which drive a dynamic simulation of the character are evolved using the goals of the animation as an objective function, resulting in physically plausible motion. We discuss the development of objective functions used to guide the controller evolution, making reusable skill controllers, and comparisons of the convergence rates for different parameters of the evolutionary runs. 1. Introduction In this investigation, we are concerned with a particular subset of computer animation: character animation. In an animation, many objects may be moving around. Characters are those ob...
Application of a Wire‐Mesh Sensor for the Study of Chemical Species Conversion in a Bubble Column (2017)

Abstract The utilization of a wire‐mesh sensor for the measurement of chemical species conversion during the chemical adsorption of carbon dioxide in sodium hydroxide solution is reported for the first time. The wire‐mesh sensor obtains cross‐sectional images of the liquid‐phase conductivity, which changes with the consumption of hydroxide during the reaction. A theoretical model was applied to verify the use of conductivity as an indicator for the reaction progress. Experiments were carried out using a lab‐scale bubble column reactor with two wire‐mesh sensors at different reactor heights. The results obtained from the reactor model and experiments showed very good agreement and demonstrate the potential of this imaging instrument to follow the course of a chemical reaction via ionic species concentration even in a dense bubbly flow. This way, a better understanding of the coupling of hydrodynamics, mass transfer, and reaction in bubble columns and other reaction devices can be achieved.
The effect of an NO donor, pentaerythrityl tetranitrate, on biochemical, functional, and morphological attributes of cardiovascular system of spontaneously hypertensive rats (2009)

The status of nitric oxide (NO) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) is unclear and its bioavailability may be affected by imbalance with reactive oxygen species. We studied cardiovascular effects of an NO donor, pentaerythrityl tetranitrate (PETN) in SHR. We used Wistar rats, SHR and SHR treated with PETN (200 mg/kg/day). After six weeks, myocardium and aorta from each group were taken for biochemical and iliac artery for functional and morphological study. Long-term administration of PETN to SHR increased cGMP level in platelets and did not affect blood pressure. In myocardium, the therapy resulted in a decrease in cardiac hypertrophy and MDA level, and the increased antioxidant enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). In aorta, PETN decreased the NO-synthase activity and had no affect on the enzyme activities of SOD and GPx or on MDA level. In the iliac artery, the endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine was slightly improved and the maximum vasoconstriction to noradrenaline was decreased. Wall thickness, cross-sectional area, inner diameter, and wall thickness/ inner diameter measured after perfusion fixation (120 mmHg) were not affected. The small effect of PETN on cardiovascular system suggests that NO deficiency is probably not the main cause of pathological alterations in SHR.
Use of protective coatings in aero gas turbine engines (1986)

The various types of protective coating used in the turbine and combustor sections of gas turbine engines operating in aero environments are reviewed. Comments on experience in marine environments are included as appropriate. The factors affecting coating selection for turbine rotor blade applications are discussed, and service experience is reviewed. The influence of the blade operating environment is highlighted. Aluminide type coatings remain the most widely used and the improved performance arising from modifications in the chemical and physical characteristics of the coating is described. The most severe environments in either corrosive or mechanical terms have been found to require improved coatings, and experience with platinum aluminide and overlay coatings is discussed. Thermal barrier coatings have been standardized on some combustion liners for the past decade and component life has been significantly increased. More recent application of thermal barrier coats to stator vane platforms has necessitated the development of improved bond coats and ceramic overlays. For thermal barrier and corrosion resistant coatings, the emphasis continues to be on the use of the most cost effective coating system in service backed up by the continuing development of advanced coatings appropriate to envisaged future operating requirements.MST/292
Characterization and Potential Applications of a Selenium Nanoparticle Producing and Nitrate Reducing Bacterium Bacillus oryziterrae sp. nov. (2016)

A novel nitrate- and selenite reducing bacterium strain ZYK<sup>T</sup> was isolated from a rice paddy soil in Dehong, Yunnan, China. Strain ZYK<sup>T</sup> is a facultative anaerobe and grows in up to 150, 000 ppm O<sub>2</sub>. The comparative genomics analysis of strain ZYK<sup>T</sup> implies that it shares more orthologues with B. subtilis subsp. subtilis NCIB 3610<sup>T</sup> (ANIm values, 85.4-86.7%) than with B. azotoformans NBRC 15712<sup>T</sup> (ANIm values, 84.4-84.7%), although B. azotoformans NBRC 15712<sup>T</sup> (96.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) is the closest Bacillus species according to 16S rRNA gene comparison. The major cellular fatty acids of strain ZYK<sup>T</sup> were iso-C<sub>14:0</sub> (17.8%), iso-C<sub>15:0</sub> (17.8%), and C<sub>16:0</sub> (32.0%). The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and an unidentified aminophospholipid. Based on physiological, biochemical and genotypic properties, the strain was considered to represent a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus oryziterrae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is ZYK<sup>T</sup> (=DSM 26460<sup>T</sup> =CGMCC 1.5179<sup>T</sup>). Strain ZYK<sup>T</sup> can reduce nitrate to nitrite and ammonium and possesses metabolic genes for nitrate reduction including nar, nap and nrf. Biogenic selenium nanoparticles of strain ZYK<sup>T</sup> show a narrow size distribution and agree with the gaussian distribution. These selenium nanoparticles show significant dose-dependent inhibition of the lung cancer cell line H157, which suggests potential for application in cancer therapy.
The Latest Information and Perspective of Human Gene and Protein Database (HGPD) as Human Proteome Study (2010)

HGPD ("http://www.HGPD.jp/":http://www.HGPD.jp/) is a unique database that stores information on a set of human Gateway entry clones in addition to protein expression data. HGPD was launched in November 2008 and, since then, 33,275 human Gateway entry clones have been constructed from ORFs of full-length cDNAs, thus representing the largest collection in the world. Sequence information and protein expression of Gateway entry clones can also be retrieved from HGPD. The majority of analysis data for cDNA sequences in HGPD are shared with the FLJ Human cDNA Database ("http://flj.hinv.jp/v01/cgi/index.cgi":http://flj.hinv.jp/v01/cgi/index.cgi), which was constructed as human cDNA sequence analysis database focusing on mRNA varieties resulting from variations in transcription start site (TSS) and splicing.In this update, we constructed an additional 9,974 Gateway entry clones, giving a total of 43,249, corresponding to approximately 2,000 loci. Sequence summary, nucleotide and amino acid sequence data for these clones (v 2.0) can be obtained from download site. We named this human Gateway entry clone resource “HUPEX” (Human Proteome Expression-resource). And, we expressed 4,457 human proteins with a C-terminal V5 and His tag and analyzed them using SDS-PAGE, giving a total of 17,821. In the near future, we will construct 11,000 image data of subcellular localization of the proteins with fluorescent proteins at the N- or C-terminal which are expressed in HeLa cells by using Gateway entry clones. And, we will link ESPRESSO ("http://mbs.cbrc.jp/ESPRESSO/":http://mbs.cbrc.jp/ESPRESSO/) using ORF sequences of the entry clones, allowing us to acquire predictional protein expression and solubility results. Moreover, we will redesign the web interface.
Genome-Wide Association Study and Selection Signatures Detect Genomic Regions Associated with Seed Yield and Oil Quality in Flax (2018)

A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed on a set of 260 lines which belong to three different bi-parental flax mapping populations. These lines were sequenced to an averaged genome coverage of 19&amp;times; using the Illumina Hi-Seq platform. Phenotypic data for 11 seed yield and oil quality traits were collected in eight year/location environments. A total of 17,288 single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified, which explained more than 80% of the phenotypic variation for days to maturity (DTM), iodine value (IOD), palmitic (PAL), stearic, linoleic (LIO) and linolenic (LIN) acid contents. Twenty-three unique genomic regions associated with 33 QTL for the studied traits were detected, thereby validating four genomic regions previously identified. The 33 QTL explained 48-73% of the phenotypic variation for oil content, IOD, PAL, LIO and LIN but only 8-14% for plant height, DTM and seed yield. A genome-wide selective sweep scan for selection signatures detected 114 genomic regions that accounted for 7.82% of the flax pseudomolecule and overlapped with the 11 GWAS-detected genomic regions associated with 18 QTL for 11 traits. The results demonstrate the utility of GWAS combined with selection signatures for dissection of the genetic structure of traits and for pinpointing genomic regions for breeding improvement.