gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Production of Natural Sweet Table Wines with Submerged Cultures ofBotrytis CinereaPers (1966)

It is possible to modify a grape must by botrytization with submerged aerated cultures of <i>Botrytis cinerea</i>. This must possesses characteristics different from the original must and similar to those associated with table wines produced from botrytized grapes. Since the length of the botrytization period determines the degree of modification of the must, more effective must sterilization is needed to extend the nonfermentation period and thus prolong the contact time between must and mold mycelia. Amelioration of the modified must before fermentation produces a more rounded and better balanced wine. Concentrate taste and characteristics seem to be masked or modified by the fermentation.
Reproducibility and Correlations of Multiplex Cytokine Levels in Asymptomatic Persons (2008)

Interindividual differences outweigh substantial laboratory variation for these assays, yielding high intraclass correlation coefficients despite unimpressive coefficients of variation. Plasma measurements generally are not reflective of serum levels and hence are not interchangeable. With their small volume, low cost per test, and multiplex capacity, Luminex-based cytokine assays have potential utility for epidemiologic studies.
Finite-Length Analysis of BATS Codes (2017)

BATS codes were proposed for communication through networks with packet loss. A BATS code consists of an outer code and an inner code. The outer code is a matrix generation of a fountain code, which works with the inner code that comprises random linear coding at the intermediate network nodes. In this paper, the performance of finite-length BATS codes is analyzed with respect to both belief propagation (BP) decoding and inactivation decoding. Our results enable us to evaluate efficiently the finite-length performance in terms of the number of batches used for decoding ranging from 1 to a given maximum number, and provide new insights on the decoding performance. Specifically, for a fixed number of input symbols and a range of the number of batches used for decoding, we obtain recursive formulae to calculate the stopping time distribution of BP decoding and the inactivation probability in inactivation decoding. We also find that both the failure probability of BP decoding and the expected number of inactivations in inactivation decoding can be expressed in a power-sum form where the number of batches appears only as the exponent. This power-sum expression reveals clearly how the decoding failure probability and the expected number of inactivation decrease with the number of batches. When the number of batches used for decoding follows a Poisson distribution, we further derive recursive formulas with potentially lower computational complexity for both decoding algorithms. For the BP decoder that consumes batches one by one, three formulae are provided to characterize the expected number of consumed batches until all the input symbols are decoded.
Extramedullary plasmacytomas and solitary plasma cell tumours of bone (1990)

We describe clinical features and treatment results in 25 patients with solitary osseous (SOP) and 18 patients with solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP). 41 patients were treated with high-voltage radiotherapy, median 40 Gy in 20 fractions. Surgery was part of the treatment in 21 and chemotherapy in 5 patients. The median age in both groups was 56 years, with a preponderance of males. Myelomatosis developed in 10 SOP and 2 EMP patients, and this development did not correlate with the presence or absence of an M-component at the time of diagnosis of plasmacytoma. The estimated 5- and 10-y survival was 87% and 76% without a statistical difference between SOP and EMP groups. The patients in the SOP group usually died from myelomatosis while EMP patients died from other causes.
An assessment of human liver-derived in vitro systems to predict the in vivo metabolism and clearance of almokalant. (2001)

The ability of various human derived in vitro systems to predict various aspects of the in vivo metabolism and kinetics of almokalant have been investigated in a multicenter collaborative study. Although almokalant has been withdrawn from further clinical development, its metabolic and pharmacokinetic properties have been well characterized. Studies with precision-cut liver slices, primary hepatocyte cultures, and hepatic microsomal fractions fortified with UDP-glucuronic acid all suggested that almokalant is mainly glucuronidated to the stereoisomers M18a and M18b, which is in good agreement with the results in vivo. Both in vivo and in vitro studies indicate that the formation of M18b dominates over that of M18a, although the difference is more pronounced with the in vitro systems. Molecular modeling, cDNA-expressed enzyme analysis, correlation analysis, and inhibition studies did not clearly indicate which P450 enzymes catalyze the oxidative pathways, which may indicate a problem in identifying responsible enzymes for minor metabolic routes by in vitro methods. All of the in vitro systems underpredicted the metabolic clearance of almokalant, which has previously been reported to be a general problem for drugs that are cleared by P450-dependent metabolism. Although few studies on in vivo prediction of primarily glucuronidated drugs have appeared, in vitro models may consistently underpredict in vivo metabolic clearance. We conclude that in vitro systems, which monitor phase II metabolism, would be beneficial for prediction of the in vivo metabolism, although all of the candidate liver-derived systems studied here, within their intrinsic limitations, provided useful information for predicting metabolic routes and rates.
Open cellular magnesium alloys for biodegradable orthopaedic implants (2013)

Replication processing using NaCl spaceholders offers the possibility to produce cellular structures for a range of Mg alloys. Four Mg alloys (AZ63, M2, ZM21 and MZX211) were processed into open cellular structures with a pore size near 500 μm and a porosity of 75% using an optimized NaCl leaching procedure. The production method was found to be robust and yielded samples of acceptable strength and stiffness. Their dissolution rate (by H2 release in simulated body fluid) and mechanical properties (by cyclic compression) were measured. For all 4 alloys the initial mechanical properties mimic those of cancellous bone; however, the dissolution rate is too high for direct use in the human body, leading to excessive hydrogen evolution and overly rapid degradation of mechanical properties. Further post-processing of the material is thus required.
Microcantilevers with embedded accelerometers for dynamic atomic force microscopy (2014)

The measurement of the intermittent interaction between an oscillating nanotip and the sample surface is a key challenge in dynamic Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Accelerometers integrated onto AFM cantilevers can directly measure this interaction with minimal cantilever modification but have been difficult to realize. Here, we design and fabricate high frequency bandwidth accelerometers on AFM cantilevers to directly measure the tip acceleration in commercial AFM systems. We demonstrate a simple way of calibrating such accelerometers and present experiments using amplitude modulated AFM on freshly cleaved mica samples in water to study the response of the accelerometer.
Walnut‐Derived Peptide PW5 Ameliorates Cognitive Impairments and Alters Gut Microbiota in APP/PS1 Transgenic Mice (2019)

These promising results support the utilization of peptide PW5 as an active ingredient in functional foods or potential drug candidate for the prevention and/or treatment of AD.
Circulating levels of soluble CD30, a marker of cells producing Th2-type cytokines, are increased in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and correlate with disease activity. (1995)

These data support a relationship between the Th2-type immune response and the pathogenesis of SLE, and suggest that sCD30 can be used as a simple marker for the evaluation of disease activity.
P2‐093: Differentiating Alzheimer's disease from FTD: Do PIB, FDG, and MRI tell the same story? (2011)

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) has a typical course characterized by prominent memory impairment while Frontotemporal dementia (FTD)is characterized by early and prominent behavioural/ personality/ executive function loss, and/or language problems. Many AD cases overlap clinically with (FTD). We wondered whether multi-modal imaging with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), Flouro-deoxyglucose PET (FDG) and C-11 amyloid PET imaging with Pittsburgh B Compound (PIB) might help elucidate these atypical cases in a coherent fashion. We hypothesized that these imaging modalities would be convergent, and usually all point in the direction of AD vs. FTD/PPA. Eighty four subjects were studied, including 24 normal elderly controls and 20 typical AD subjects. For the 40 remaining “atypical” subjects, clinical likelihood of AD vs non-AD diagnosis was rated as low, medium, or high. 1.5 tesla MRI imaging with thin 1 mm cuts was carried out. Distribution of cortical atrophy and Grey matter VBM were noted. FDG PET scans were assessed as typical AD [ie., bitemporo-parietal decreased glucose uptake] or not. PIB PET amyloid imaging was considered positive if there was SUVR >1.5 for association cortex regions, corresponding to medium or large PIB uptake on visual inspection. In AD subjects, all 3 imaging modalities were suggestive of AD positive in 80% of cases. Three AD subjects were “PIB negative”, and they were young or showed slower progression. Two of 24 Normal elderly subjects were “PIB Positive”. The six most convincing cases of FTD (behavioural variant or Nonfluent Progressive Aphasia) all were PIB Negative, with frontotemporal MRI atrophy and VBM changes and frontal FDG PET in 5/6. Of the 34 other “atypical” cases, PIB was positive in over 2/3 suggesting Alzheimer's as underlying etiology. However, convergence between MRI, PIB, and FDG PET was found in less than 1/3. Among those clinically labeled as FTD, those with convincing clinical presentations do not demonstrate amyloid positivity, and multi-modal imaging confirms FTD. In atypical dementias and uncertain FTD/PPA cases, use of PIB increased diagnostic certainty. The different imaging modalities [MRI, FDG PET, PIB PET] did not always converge. An emerging issue will be how to use these multiple modalities together in an efficient manner. Supported by the CIHR (Canadian Institutes of Health Research), and the FRSQ Quebec Aging Network (RQRV).
Bringing HELP to the clinical laboratory--use of an expert system to provide automatic interpretation of laboratory data. (1987)

In domains where the types of data which are to be interpreted are relatively constrained (as in the case of specific laboratory test results), our modular data-driven approach can be very productive and well received by the clinical recipient of the data. The computer rarely surpasses the knowledge of an experts result from lack of communication, imperfect memory, oversight or multiple decision-makers caring for the same patient. In such cases, most of the alerts are immediately recognized as valid, so the need for elaborate explanations is not a high priority. On the other hand, a non-specialist is alerted to the need for additional investigation, tests or collaborative support, by the fact that a reminder or diagnosis that s/he had not previously considered, appears. In other words, for the expert, a data-driven system provides unceasing oversight in high-volume low-yielded situations where a small number of mistakes may uncommonly occur for reasons which are not related to the lack of knowledge of the provider. For the non-specialist the system suggests that the patient may have problems in a domain for which the physician needs additional support. In the present state of the art, we do not think that total reliance on the computer-contained knowledge is the ultimate source of this additional support; providing the awareness of the need may be the most important contribution. Once you know that you need help, it is usually obtainable. In a discussion about how computer systems have failed, Friedman and Gustafson made the following observation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Comments on ‘optimal training design for linearly time‐varying MIMO/OFDM channels modelled by a complex exponential basis expansion’ (2013)

Equations (17), (18) and (19) are incorrectly given in the above study. In this study, we give the correct versions of those equations.
Role of the Kidneys in Resistant Hypertension (2011)

Resistant hypertension is a failure to achieve goal BP (<140/90 mm Hg for the overall population and <130/80 mm Hg for those with diabetes mellitus or chronic kidney disease) in a patient who adheres to maximum tolerated doses of 3 antihypertensive drugs including a diuretic. The kidneys play a critical role in long-term regulation of blood pressure. Blunted pressure natriuresis, with resultant increase in extracellular fluid volume, is an important cause of resistant hypertension. Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, increased renal sympathetic nervous system activity and increased sodium reabsorption are important renal mechanisms. Successful treatment requires identification and reversal of lifestyle factors or drugs contributing to treatment resistance, diagnosis and appropriate treatment of secondary causes of hypertension, use of effective multidrug regimens and optimization of diuretic therapy. Since inappropriate renal salt retention underlies most cases of drug-resistant hypertension, the therapeutic focus should be on improving salt depleting therapy by assessing and, if necessary, reducing dietary salt intake, optimizing diuretic therapy, and adding a mineralocorticoid antagonist if there are no contraindications.
The influence of memantine on the anticonvulsant effects of the antiepileptic drugs. (1984)

1,3-Dimethyl-5- aminoadamantine ( DMAA , D-145, memantine ( Memantine ) has anticonvulsant properties and potentiates the actions of phenytoin, carbamazepine, diazepam, clonazepam and valproic acid in the electrogenic convulsion tests on mice.
A High-Density Array of Size-Controlled Silicon Nanodots in a Silicon Oxide Nanowire by Electron-Stimulated Oxygen Expulsion (2009)

Methods of producing Si nanodots embedded in films of silicon oxide and silicon nitride abound, but fabrication of Si nanodots in a nanowire of these materials is very rare despite the fact that nanowire architecture enhances the charge collection and transport efficiencies for solar cells and field-effect transistors. We report a novel fabrication method for a high-density array of size-controlled sillicon nanodots from a silicon oxide nanowire using electron-beam irradiation. Our results demonstrate that a highly dense phase of Si nanodots with a narrow size distribution can be made from a silicon oxide nanowire with a core-shell structure of crystalline silicon-rich oxide (c-SRO)/amorphous silicon oxide (a-SiO(2)). This new nanomaterial shows the carrier transport characteristics of a semiconductor. The initially produced amorphous Si nanodots can be readily turned into crystalline Si (c-Si) nanodots by thermal annealing. Key characteristics of c-Si nanodots such as their size, number density, and rate of nucleation and growth are easily controlled by varying the electron radiation dose and annealing temperature. Nanodot formation is mechanistically initiated by electron trapping at the c-SRO core as well as at the core-shell interface, which leads to out-diffusion of the negatively charged oxygen through Coulomb repulsion, fostering the aggregation of Si atoms.
Hidden Two-Stream Convolutional Networks for Action Recognition (2017)

Analyzing videos of human actions involves understanding the temporal relationships among video frames. State-of-the-art action recognition approaches rely on traditional optical flow estimation methods to pre-compute motion information for CNNs. Such a two-stage approach is computationally expensive, storage demanding, and not end-to-end trainable. In this paper, we present a novel CNN architecture that implicitly captures motion information between adjacent frames. We name our approach hidden two-stream CNNs because it only takes raw video frames as input and directly predicts action classes without explicitly computing optical flow. Our end-to-end approach is 10x faster than its two-stage baseline. Experimental results on four challenging action recognition datasets: UCF101, HMDB51, THUMOS14 and ActivityNet v1.2 show that our approach significantly outperforms the previous best real-time approaches.
Implementation of Network Application Layer Parser for Multiple TCP/IP Flows in Reconfigurable Devices (2006)

This paper presents an implementation of a high-performance network application layer parser in FPGAs. At the core of the architecture resides a pattern matcher and a parser. The pattern matcher scans for patterns in high-speed streaming TCP data streams. The parser core augments each pattern found with semantic information determined from the patterns location within the data stream. The packet payload parser can provide a higher level of understanding of a data stream for many network applications. Such applications include high performance XML parsers, content-based/aware routers, and others. Additionally, a TCP processor allows stateful packet payload parsing of up to 8 million simultaneous TCP flows. The payload parser has been implemented in a Xilinx Virtex E 2000 FPGA on the Field-Programmable Port Extender platform. The parsing module runs at 200 MHz and parse raw data at 6.4 Gbps. The payload parser, integrated with the TCP processor, runs at 100 MHz for a throughput of 3.2 Gbps
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a 4‐Thio‐2′‐deoxyuridine‐Containing Oligonucleotide. Development of the Thiocarbonyl Group as a Linker Element. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Synthesis and Nanoscale Investigation of the Electrical Properties of Quasi-2D Semiconductor Nb $_{\bf 2}$O$_{\bf 5}$ Nanosheets (2013)

Quasi-two-dimensional (Q2D) Nb <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> nanosheets with thickness of approximately 15-25 nm were fabricated by combined sol-gel/exfoliation method. Obtained Nb <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> nanosheets were chemically intercalated with H <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> in order to improve their electrical conductivity. Then, their morphology and electrical properties were investigated at the nanoscale level with a combination of conductive atomic force microscopy (C-AFM), current sensing force spectroscopy atomic force microscopy (CSFS-AFM, or PeakForce TUNA), scanning tunneling microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman techniques. This allows us to probe the electrical properties of 10-20-nm Nb <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> nanosheets as well as the interfaces between the substrate and the fabricated Nb <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> nanocrystals providing direct comparison between the morphology and the electrical properties at the nanometer scale. It was also proven that chemical H+ intercalation can improve conductivity of Q2D Nb <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> nanostructures.
Activation of beta 1 integrin fibronectin receptors on HL60 cells after granulocytic differentiation (1994)

Phorbol esters upregulate the functional affinity of beta 1 integrin receptors for fibronectin on human neutrophils and other leukocytes. We investigated the ability of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) to stimulate the human promyelocytic cell line HL-60 to adhere to fibronectin, either in its undifferentiated state (HL60) or after dimethylsulfoxide-induced differentiation along the granulocytic pathway (dHL60). PMA stimulated little adherence of undifferentiated HL60 to fibronectin or to the 120-kD chymotryptic cell-binding domain (CBD) of fibronectin. In contrast, PMA stimulated dHL60 cells to rapidly adhere to both fibronectin- and to CBD-coated plastic. PMA-stimulated dHL60 adherence to fibronectin was largely mediated by both alpha 4 beta 1 and alpha 5 beta 1, whereas PMA-stimulated dHL60 adherence to CBD was largely mediated by alpha 5 beta 1. There was little contribution from beta 2 integrins to PMA-stimulated dHL60 adherence to fibronectin or CBD. The inability of undifferentiated HL60 to adhere to fibronectin and CBD did not result from lack of expression of alpha 4 beta 1 or alpha 5 beta 1 because HL60 and dHL60 express similar amounts of both alpha 4 beta 1 and alpha 5 beta 1 on their surface. In addition, 1 mmol/L Mn2+ induced similar amounts of alpha 5 beta 1-dependent adherence of both HL60 and dHL60, showing that alpha 5 beta 1 on undifferentiated HL60 is capable of binding to its ligand. These data suggest that activation of protein kinase C cannot functionally upregulate these beta 1 integrins on undifferentiated HL60 cells. The development of PMA-stimulated beta 1-dependent adherence after granulocytic differentiation of HL60 cells suggests that the differentiated HL60 cell is a useful model for investigating functional coupling of protein kinase C to beta 1 integrin in myeloid cells.
Horrified by advertisement (2002)

In Brief Reflections on 9/11 … support for grieving parents … horrified by advertisement … stop announcing JCAHO inspections
A Bifunctional Spray Coating Reduces Contamination on Surfaces by Repelling and Killing Pathogens (2023)

Surface-mediated transmission of pathogens is a major concern with regard to the spread of infectious diseases. Current pathogen prevention methods on surfaces rely on the use of biocides, which aggravate the emergence of antimicrobial resistance and pose harmful health effects. In response, a bifunctional and substrate-independent spray coating is presented herein. The bifunctional coating relies on wrinkled polydimethylsiloxane microparticles, decorated with biocidal gold nanoparticles to induce a "repel and kill" effect against pathogens. Pathogen repellency is provided by the structural hierarchy of the microparticles and their surface chemistry, whereas the kill mechanism is achieved using functionalized gold nanoparticles embedded on the microparticles. Bacterial tests with methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> reveal a 99.9% reduction in bacterial load on spray-coated surfaces, while antiviral tests with Phi6─a bacterial virus often used as a surrogate to SARS-CoV-2─demonstrate a 98% reduction in virus load on coated surfaces. The newly developed spray coating is versatile, easily applicable to various surfaces, and effective against various pathogens, making it suitable for reducing surface contamination in frequently touched, heavy traffic, and high-risk surfaces.