gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Health-related quality of life in people with predementia Alzheimer’s disease, mild cognitive impairment or dementia measured with preference-based instruments: a systematic literature review (2020)

A substantial literature now exists quantifying the impact of dementia on HR-QoL using preference-based measures, giving researchers and modellers a firmer basis on which to select appropriate utility values when estimating the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of interventions in this area. Further research is required on HR-QoL of people with preclinical and prodromal AD and MCI, possible differences by type of dementia, the effects of comorbidities, study setting and the informal caregiver's own HR-QoL, including any effect of that on their proxy-ratings.
Lateral and vertical growth of Mg-doped GaN on trench-patterned GaN films (2020)

Growth of Mg-doped GaN on trench-patterned GaN films consists of competing lateral and vertical growth fronts that result in regions with different electronic properties. Under typical growth conditions, lateral growth from the trench sidewall occurs at a faster rate than vertical growth from the trench base. When the trench width is sufficiently narrow, the growth fronts from opposite sidewalls coalesce and lead to eventual planarization of the top surface. Secondary electron imaging and cathodoluminescence mapping are used to correlate the morphology and the optical properties of regions resulting from lateral and vertical growth. For our growth conditions, the lateral-to-vertical growth rate ratio is found to be about 2.
Targeting of daunomycin using biotinylated immunoliposomes: Pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution andin vitropharmacological effects (2005)

Biotinylated immunoliposomes were prepared by a non-covalent (biotin-streptavidin) coupling procedure and conjugated to the OX26 monoclonal antibody directed against the rat transferrin receptor. In vitro, these biotinylated immunoliposomes were used to by-pass P-glycoprotein in multidrug-resistant RBE4 brain capillary endothelial cells and thereby to achieve 2- to 3-fold higher intracellular accumulation of liposomal daunomycin as compared to free drug. The extent of cellular uptake of liposomal daunomycin was dose- and time-dependent, was inhibited by competition with unbound OX26 and was associated with a pharmacological (i.e. cytotoxic) effect. Cytotoxic effects of liposomal formulations of daunomycin, in contrast to the free drug, were apparent only after prolonged incubation periods being indicative of a slow intracellular unpacking and release of liposomal daunomycin. Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution studies in the rat revealed brain accumulation of daunomycin in OX26-immunoliposomes to higher levels as compared to brain uptake of free daunomycin, or daunomycin incorporated within pegylated liposomes or within unspecific IgG(2a) isotype control immunoliposomes. Such OX26-mediated effects were not observed in other tissues such as spleen, liver, muscle or kidney.
Synthesis and reactions of novel dipalladium(II) complexes of the type [{Pd[PPh2CHC(R)–N–NC(R) CHPPh2]}2] (R = But or Ph). Crystal structure of the tert-butyl complex containing two Pd–C bonds and five fused chelate rings (1997)

Treatment of the neutral chloropalladium(II) complexes [PdCl{PPh 2 CHC(R)–N–NC(R)+ + CH 2 PPh 2 }] (R = Bu t 1a or Ph 1b) with two equivalents of Li[N(SiMe 3 ) 2 ] gave the novel dipalladium(II) complexes [{Pd[PPh 2 CHC(R)–N–NC(R) CHPPh 2 ]} 2 ] (R = Bu t 2a or Ph 2b) containing two palladium–carbon bonds, five fused chelate rings and enamine type (CC–N) moieties. Treatment of the chloroplatinum(II) complex [PtCl{PPh 2 CHC(Bu t )–N–+ + NC(Bu t )CH 2 PPh 2 }] 1c with an excess of KOBu t in dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso) gave what was probably the species [Pt{PPh 2 CHC(Bu t )–N–N C(Bu t )CHPPh 2 }(dmso)] 3 containing both a co-ordinated and an unco-ordinated phosphine. The dipalladium(II) complex 2a or 2b underwent electrophilic attack at the enamine carbon with acids (HX) to give salts of type [{Pd[PPh 2 CH 2 C(R)N–NC+ + (R)CHPPh 2 ]} 2 ]X 2 4 (R = Bu t or Ph; X = trifluoroacetate, chloride or picrate); these, when treated with sodium methoxide, deprotonated at the methylene carbon to give the neutral complex 2a or 2b. Treatment of 2a with less than 2 equivalents of trifluoroacetic acid gave the monoprotonated complex [Pd{PPh 2 CHC(Bu t )N–NC+ + (Bu t )CHPPh 2 }{PPh 2 CH 2 C(Bu t )N–NC(Bu t ) CHPPh 2 }][O 2 CCF 3 ] 5a, mixed with 2a and 4a. Complex 2a with Br 2 or MeI underwent attack at the enamine carbon CC–N to give the corresponding bromo or methyl derivatives [{Pd[PPh 2 CH(R)CBu t N–N C(Bu t )CHPPh 2 ]} 2 ]X 2 (R = Br, X = Br 6a; R = Me, X = I 6b) respectively. When the methyl-substituted salt was treated with KOBu t it gave the neutral dipalladium(II) complex [{PdCl[PPh 2 C(Me) C(Bu t )–N–NC(Bu t )CHPPh + + 2 ]} 2 ] 7. The crystal structure of 2a was determined.
ROBUST, GENERALIZED, QUICK AND EFFICIENT AGGLOMERATIVE CLUSTERING (2004)

Hierarchical approaches, which are dominated by the generic agglomerative clustering algorithm, are suitable for cases in which the count of distinct clusters in the data is not known a priori; this is not a rare case in real data. On the other hand, important problems are related to their application, such as susceptibility to errors in the initial steps that propagate all the way to the final output and high complexity. Finally, similarly to all other clustering techniques, their efficiency decreases as the dimensionality of their input increases. In this paper we propose a robust, generalized, quick and efficient extension to the generic agglomerative clustering process. Robust refers to the proposed approach’s ability to overcome the classic algorithm’s susceptibility to errors in the initial steps, generalized to its ability to simultaneously consider multiple distance metrics, quick to its suitability for application to larger datasets via the application of the computationally expensive components to only a subset of the available data samples and efficient to its ability to produce results that are comparable to those of trained classifiers, largely outperforming the generic agglomerative process.
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis, and Conformational Analysis of a Proposed Type I β‐Turn Mimic. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: PYRIMIDINE DERIVATIVES AND RELATED COMPOUNDS. VI. A NOVEL SYNTHESIS OF 3,5‐DIACETAMIDOPYRAZOLE AND OF 2‐AMINOPYRAZOLO(1,5‐A)PYRIMIDINES (1977)

Abstract Aus den Diaminoarylazo‐pyrazolen (I) erhält man bei der Behandlung mit Schwefelsäure und Eisessig unter Eliminierung des Arylazo‐Restes die Diazoniumsalze (II) und das Diamino‐pyrazol‐Salz (III), das zu der Diacetylverbindung (IV) führt.
Dual busy tone multiple access (DBTMA)-performance evaluation (2003)

The dual busy tone multiple access (DBTMA) scheme was designed for decentralized networks such as packet radio networks (PRNs). We use the RTS/CTS dialogue to reserve the channel in DBTMA. In addition, we use two busy tones to notify neighbor nodes of the on-going transmission and reception after a successful channel reservation. Our analysis and simulations show that DBTMA provides higher network utilization, which is 100% more than the basic RTS/CTS schemes. We present the details of our analysis in this paper. In order to evaluate our protocol in a more general network, our analysis and simulations are based on a fully-meshed decentralized multi-hop network topology.
Multi-Version Coding - An Information Theoretic Perspective of Consistent Distributed Storage (2015)

In applications of distributed storage systems to distributed computing and implementation of key- value stores, the following property, usually referred to as consistency in computer science and engineering, is an important requirement: as the data stored changes, the latest version of the data must be accessible to a client that connects to the storage system. An information theoretic formulation called multi-version coding is introduced in the paper, in order to study storage costs of consistent distributed storage systems. Multi-version coding is characterized by ν totally ordered versions of a message, and a storage system with n servers. At each server, values corresponding to an arbitrary subset of the ν versions are received and encoded. For any subset of c servers in the storage system, the value corresponding to the latest common version, or a later version as per the total ordering, among the c servers is required to be decodable. An achievable multi-version code construction via linear coding and a converse result that shows that the construction is approximately tight, are provided. An implication of the converse is that there is an inevitable price, in terms of storage cost, to ensure consistency in distributed storage systems.
Harnessing the Metal–Insulator Transition of VO2 in Neuromorphic Computing (2022)

Future-generation neuromorphic computing seeks to overcome the limitations of von Neumann architectures by colocating logic and memory functions, thereby emulating the function of neurons and synapses in the human brain. Despite remarkable demonstrations of high-fidelity neuronal emulation, the predictive design of neuromorphic circuits starting from knowledge of material transformations remains challenging. VO<sub>2</sub> is an attractive candidate since it manifests a near-room-temperature, discontinuous, and hysteretic metal-insulator transition. The transition provides a nonlinear dynamical response to input signals, as needed to construct neuronal circuit elements. Strategies for tuning the transformation characteristics of VO<sub>2</sub> based on modification of material properties, interfacial structure, and field couplings, are discussed. Dynamical modulation of transformation characteristics through in situ processing is discussed as a means of imbuing synaptic function. Mechanistic understanding of site-selective modification; external, epitaxial, and chemical strain; defect dynamics; and interfacial field coupling in modifying local atomistic structure, the implications therein for electronic structure, and ultimately, the tuning of transformation characteristics, is emphasized. Opportunities are highlighted for inverse design and for using design principles related to thermodynamics and kinetics of electronic transitions learned from VO<sub>2</sub> to inform the design of new Mott materials, as well as to go beyond energy-efficient computation to manifest intelligence.
Evaluating the contribution of changes in isoprene emissions to surface ozone trends over the eastern United States (2005)

Reducing surface ozone (O 3 ) to concentrations in compliance with the national air quality standard has proven to be challenging, despite tighter controls on O 3 precursor emissions over the past few decades. New evidence indicates that isoprene emissions changed considerably from the mid‐1980s to the mid‐1990s owing to land‐use changes in the eastern United States (Purves et al., 2004). Over this period, U.S. anthropogenic VOC (AVOC) emissions decreased substantially. Here we apply two chemical transport models (GEOS‐CHEM and MOZART‐2) to test the hypothesis, put forth by Purves et al. (2004), that the absence of decreasing O 3 trends over much of the eastern United States may reflect a balance between increases in isoprene emissions and decreases in AVOC emissions. We find little evidence for this hypothesis; over most of the domain, mean July afternoon (1300–1700 local time) surface O 3 is more responsive (ranging from −9 to +7 ppbv) to the reported changes in anthropogenic NO x emissions than to the concurrent isoprene (−2 to +2 ppbv) or AVOC (−2 to 0 ppbv) emission changes. The estimated magnitude of the O 3 response to anthropogenic NO x emission changes, however, depends on the base isoprene emission inventory used in the model. The combined effect of the reported changes in eastern U.S. anthropogenic plus biogenic emissions is insufficient to explain observed changes in mean July afternoon surface O 3 concentrations, suggesting a possible role for decadal changes in meteorology, hemispheric background O 3 , or subgrid‐scale chemistry. We demonstrate that two major uncertainties, the base isoprene emission inventory and the fate of isoprene nitrates (which influence surface O 3 in the model by −15 to +4 and +4 to +12 ppbv, respectively), preclude a well‐constrained quantification of the present‐day contribution of biogenic or anthropogenic emissions to surface O 3 concentrations, particularly in the high‐isoprene‐emitting southeastern United States. Better constraints on isoprene emissions and chemistry are needed to quantitatively address the role of isoprene in eastern U.S. air quality.
Design process analysis (1980)

The range of services provided by design automation computing centers covers a broad spectrum. At one end of this spectrum is the center which provides pure computation power only. It is the user's responsibility to select, install, and tune the applications as well as to debug the resultant output. At the other end, it is the turnkey center which provides a near total service, relegating the user to job selection from a fixed set of installed applications with which to accomplish the design task.The most effective design automation center combines the healthy attributes of these two extremes: buffering the user from I/S considerations, freeing him to concentrate on the design task; and providing the I/S center with application understanding and involvement to allow for proper system tuning.The management information technique to achieve the desired objectives of improved user productivity and cycle time is referred to as design process analysis (DPA).Detailed definitions of the data flow nodes as well as samples of the type of output obtainable from such a DPA system are covered in the presentation.Management of an effective design automation center is a demanding and ongoing task, combining the skill levels of people, the capabilities of the DA applications, and the processing power of the computer center. Tuning this combination in a disciplined and orderly manner to provide the most timely and cost effective solutions to design problems requires an automatic data collection system driving a dynamic model of the design process. Utilizing the techniques of design process analysis, such an objective can be met
Liposome mediated DNA-transfer into mammalian cells. (1985)

We have investigated the interaction of mammalian cells with liposome encapsulated DNA. Tissue cultured mammalian cells were exposed to large, unilamellar phosphatidyl serine liposomes containing DNA molecules from different animal cells or prokaryotic organisms. The liposomes bind rapidly to the surface and are taken up by the cells and significant proportion of the encapsulated DNA is transported to the nuclei. Transient expression of the foreign genetic material could be detected in high percentage of the treated cells for a few days. During this period of time foreign DNA is present in both free and integrated form, however, the free form soon disappears. Stable transformant cell colonies--with continuous expression of new gene(s)--were isolated under selective pressure with a frequency of approx. 10(-5).
On the Metabolites of Streptomyces luteoreticuli KATOH et ARAI. III. The Structure of Luteoreticulin.(2) (1975)

In order to clarify the geometric structures of luteoreticulin and its degradation product, 2, 4-dimethyl-5-(p-nitrophenyl)-2, 4-pentadienoic acid, various model compounds were synthesized and their nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra were compared. The structures of the pentadienoicacid derivative and luteoreticulin were assumed from their NMR data as 2, 4-dimethyl-5-(p-nitrophenyl)-2-trans-4-trans-pentadienoic acid II and I.
Ontology Based and Context-Aware Hospital Nurse Call Optimization (2008)

In this paper, the focus is on how context information can be efficiently modeled with an ontology. This ontology can than be used by reasoning algorithms which are based on this context information. This is illustrated with a use case which studies the evolution from a place oriented to a person oriented nurse call system. An ontology was designed which holds the necessary context information. A nurse call algorithm that uses this information was constructed. The CASP Context framework was extended to implement the use case. This framework is bases on an OSGi framework. Rules are formulated to implement the algorithm. OWL was applied to integrate the ontology into the framework. A Web Service interface was designed which allows to insert new information into the Knowledge Base or extract information from it. At last a simulation was set up to show the advantages of the person oriented approach. The results of a performance study are shown as well.
Towards a more reliable and efficient electric distribution system (2013)

Distributed Generation (DG), Energy Storage (ES), and Demand Response (DR) are among the essential technologies proposed in the future electricity systems (Smart Grid) initiatives. To achieve increased levels of grid penetration by DG, ES, and DR, the current distribution systems in the United States will need to undergo significant changes in both infrastructure and regulatory policy. This paper reviews some of the important aspects of the network and operation of current distribution systems, and discusses changes that can support the broader deployment of DG, ES, and DR with increased levels of operational reliability and economic efficiency.
Results of a large-scale screening programme to detect antifungal activity from marine and freshwater microalgae in laboratory culture (1988)

Culture filtrates and organic solvent extracts of 132 marine and 400 freshwater microalgal cultures produced a total of 18 and six inhibitory effects, respectively, when screened against six test fungi. These results indicate that marine microalgae show more potential in the search for new antifungal agents than do freshwater species. No taxonomic trends were seen in the results. Organic solvent extraction of algal biomass appeared to be the most effective means of producing these inhibitory effects.
Elevated O‐GlcNAc Cycling on FOXO1A Mediates Inappropriate Hepatic Gluconeogenesis (2006)

Hepatic gluconeogenesis, which is normally suppressed by insulin, is abnormally activated in diabetes. The transcription factor FOXO1A controls expression of the gluconeogenic enzymes, PEPCK and Glucose‐6‐Phosphatase. Insulin signaling results in the nuclear exclusion of FOXO1A but post‐translational regulation of transactivation within the nucleus also occurs. Dynamic Modification of proteins by O‐GlcNAc serves as a nutrient and stress sensor and is often competitive with phosphorylation. Anti‐O‐GlcNAc antibodies and lectin studies have shown that FOXO1A is O‐GlcNAcylated. Increased flux into the UDP‐GlcNAc (donor for O‐GlcNAcylation) synthesis pathway increases FOXO1A transcriptional activity in an O‐GlcNAc transferase (OGT) dependent manner. Hyperglycemia increases O‐GlcNAcylation of FOXO1A in heptaoma cells and this increase is reversed by insulin. We conclude that hyperglycemia increases the O‐GlcNAc modification of FOXO1A resulting in paradoxically elevated hepatic gluconeogenesis, further exacerbating glucose toxicity in diabetes. Supported by NIH DK61671 and HD13563. GWH receives a share of royalties on univ. sales of CTD110.6 antibody. Arrangement managed by JHU conflict of interest policies.
Laminectomy alone versus laminectomy with fusion for degenerative cervical myelopathy: a long-term study of a national cohort (2021)

Instrumented fusions generated higher costs and were not associated with superior long-term clinical outcomes. These findings are based on a national cohort and can thus be regarded as generalizable.
Octoxy capped Si nanoparticles synthesized by homogeneous reduction of SiCl4with crown ether alkalide (2013)

Blue-green luminescent octoxy capped Si nanoparticles were synthesized via homogeneous reduction of SiCl4 with the crown ether alkalide K(+)(15-crown-5)2K(-) in tetrahydrofuran. The Si nanoparticles were characterized with respect to size, crystal structure, morphology, surface termination, optical properties and stability. Si diamond structure nanoparticles with narrow size distributions, and average diameters ranging from 3 to 7 nm were obtained. A finite-size effect on the lattice dimensions was observed, in the form of an expansion of the [220] lattice planes of smaller Si nanoparticles. The concentration of SiCl4 was found to be the most important parameter governing the particle size and size distribution. The octoxy capped particles were stable under an ambient atmosphere for at least one month, but exposure to water made them prone to oxidation. An average radiative recombination lifetime of 8.8 ns was measured for the blue-green luminescence. The luminescence appears to originate from surface defects, rather than from quantum confinement.
Influence of submonolayers of sodium on the spin polarization of iron outmost surfaces (2003)

Spin-polarized metastable deexcitation spectroscopy (SPMDS) is employed to study the electron spin polarization of Na (0.1–0.6 monolayer)/Fe(100) outermost surfaces. At the Fermi level, positive asymmetries of SPMDS spectra, which correspond to negative spin polarizations and are the same as those of the clean Fe(100) surface, are observed. The origin of this positive spin polarization and the drastic decrease in the magnitude of asymmetries of SPMDS spectra are discussed on the basis of the spin density distributions obtained by calculating the electronic structures of Na(c2×2)/Fe(100), which strongly depend on the adsorption sites, using WIEN97, a full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave method.
Synthesis of Phloretin 2'-O-.BETA.-L-Glycosides and Their Inhibitory Action against Sugar Transport in Rat Small Intestine. (1991)

To investigate the inhibitory potency of phloretin 2'-O-β-L-glycodides, phloretin 2'-O-(6-deoxy-β-L-galactoside) (1), -2'-O-(6-deoxy-β-L-galactoside) (2) and -2'-O-β-L-glucoside (3) were synthesized. The appropriate phloracetophenone 4'-O-β-L-glycosides were coupled with p-hydroxybenzaldehyde in aq. alkali to yield the respective chalcone glycosides, which were catalytically hydrogenated to give 1-3. Compounds 1-3 as well as phloretin 2'-O-(6-deoxy-a-L-mannopyranoside) (glycyphyllin) each exhibited dose-dependent inhibition of 3-O-methyl-D-glucose-evoked ΔPD (transmural potential difference), using the everted jejunal segment of rats. A kinetic study revealed that the mode of action of 1-3 was non-conpetitive and that their Ki values were more than 400 times smaller than the Km value, indicating that they possess strong inhibitory potency toward the Na+ co-transporter.