gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Community Crime Prevention (1995)

Community crime prevention refers to actions intended to change the social conditions that are believed to sustain crime in residential communities. Different approaches have evolved, which can be best understood as a succession of policy paradigms emerging as responses to changing urban conditions: community organizing; tenant involvement; resource mobilization; community defense (both intentional organizing and environmental modification); preserving order; and protecting the vulnerable. Prevention in high-crime areas presents particular difficulties for community approaches. Community approaches have foundered mostly because of insufficient understanding of the nature of social relations within residential areas and of how community crime careers are shaped by the wider urban market.
Design and Analysis of the Axial Bypass Compressor Blade of the Supercritical CO2 Gas Turbine (2009)

A supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO2) gas turbine can generate power at a high cycle thermal efficiency, even at a modest temperature level of 500–550°C. Its high thermal efficiency is attributed to markedly reduced compressor work at the vicinity of the critical point. Furthermore, the reaction between Na and CO2 is milder than that between H2O and Na. Consequently, a more reliable and economically advantageous power generation system is achieved by coupling with a Na cooled fast reactor. In a typical design, the reactor thermal power, a turbine inlet pressure and an inlet temperature are, respectively, 600 MW, 20 MPa and 527°C. In the S-CO2 gas turbine system, a partial cooling cycle is used to compensate a difference in heat capacity for the high-temperature – low-pressure side and the low-temperature – high-pressure side of the recuperators to achieve high cycle thermal efficiency. The flow is divided into two streams before the precooler. One stream goes to recuperator 2 via a main compressor (MC); the other goes to recuperator 1 via a bypass compressor (BC). The performance and integrity of these two compressors are crucial. As described herein, an aerodynamic design of BC is given. The inlet temperature, inlet pressure, exit pressure and mass flow rate are, respectively, 77°C, 8 MPa, 20 MPa and 1392 kg/s. The salient features of this compressor are its compact size and a large bending stress caused by the large mass flow rate. The number of stages is numerous associated with the large enthalpy rise compared with MC. To achieve as high efficiency as possible, not a centrifugal type but an axial type is examined first. The aerodynamic design was conducted using one-dimensional design method, where the loss model of Cohen et al. is used. Its aerodynamic design enables the use of several stages and provides total adiabatic efficiency of 21 and 87%, respectively. Then, CFD analysis was conducted using “FLUENT”. Blade shapes were prepared based on flow angles and chord length obtained in the aerodynamic design. The CO2 properties in a fluid computer dataset “PROPATH” were used. The features of gas velocity distribution and pressure distribution were confirmed to the fundamental knowledge. The value of the calculated flow rate coincided very well with that of the design.
Sea-Bottom Observations from the Western Escarpment of the Sea of Marmara (2011)

The western escarpment of the Sea of Marmara has recently been recog- nized as the site of intensive gas emissions escaping from the seafloor. Visual observa- tions with the Nautile submersible indicate that gas escapes from elongated tensile cracks oriented to the northwest in the direction of the maximum principal stress. Here, we report results from a 25-day test in 2007 with four ocean-bottom seis- mometers (OBSs) showing that this area is also characterized by microseismic activity. A cluster of 13 small-magnitude earthquakes aligned northwest occurred in less than 30 hr at shallow crustal depth below the western slope of the Tekirdag basin. The only two focal mechanisms resolvable using land and sea-bottom data reveal normal fault- ing with strike-slip components, consistent with the stress field expected in this area. It is suggested that tectonic strain below the western slope of the Tekirdag basin contributes to maintaining a high permeability in fault zones and that the fault network provides conduits for deep-seated fluids to rise up to the seafloor.
The Potential Benefit of Monitoring Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in the Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) (2020)

The significant increase in worldwide morbidity and mortality from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) indicates that the efficacy of existing strategies addressing this crisis may need improvement. Early identification of the metabolic irregularities associated with the disease process may be a key to developing early intervention strategies. Unhealthy lifestyle behaviours are well established drivers of the development of several NCDs, but the impact of such behaviours on health can vary considerably between individuals. How can it be determined if an individual’s unique set of lifestyle behaviours is producing disease? Accumulating evidence suggests that lifestyle-associated activation of oxidative and inflammatory processes is primary driver of the cell and tissue damage which underpins the development of NCDs. However, the benefit of monitoring subclinical inflammation and oxidative activity has not yet been established. After reviewing relevant studies in this context, we suggest that quantification of oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers during the disease-free prodromal stage of NCD development may have clinical relevance as a timely indicator of the presence of subclinical metabolic changes, in the individual, portending the development of disease. Monitoring markers of oxidative and inflammatory activity may therefore enable earlier and more efficient strategies to both prevent NCD development and/or monitor the effectiveness of treatment.
Patient acceptability and satisfaction with a low-dose solubilized vaginal estradiol softgel capsule, TX-004HR (2017)

TX-004HR had a high level of product acceptability, and more women were satisfied with TX-004HR, preferred it over their previous treatment, and would consider using it again versus placebo. Women may find TX-004HR to be a more acceptable product than current options to treat their dyspareunia associated with postmenopausal VVA.
Intra prediction modes signalling in HEVC (2016)

The High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard defines 35 Intra Prediction Modes (IPM) to provide an efficient compression of intra coded blocks. To signal these IPMs to the decoder a list of 3 Most Probable Modes (MPM) is created based on the IPMs of the neighbour Intra coded blocks. These MPMs will be transmitted in the bit stream with a reduced number of bits. However, the signalling scheme used in HEVC is not optimal and can be further improved. In this paper a method is proposed to enhance the Intra mode signalling in HEVC. The IPM signaling is first modelled as a tree with forks and leaves representing tests and labels, respectively. The proposed solution introduces new decision tree process by adding new tests and new labels not considered in HEVC. This solution provides a systematic way to find the best signalling scheme for a given set of data. Experimental results show that the proposed solution enables to reduce the BD-Rate by 0.38% in all Intra coding configuration.
Glycoprotein Non-Metastatic Protein B: An Emerging Biomarker for Lysosomal Dysfunction in Macrophages (2018)

Several diseases are caused by inherited defects in lysosomes, the so-called lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs). In some of these LSDs, tissue macrophages transform into prominent storage cells, as is the case in Gaucher disease. Here, macrophages become the characteristic Gaucher cells filled with lysosomes laden with glucosylceramide, because of their impaired enzymatic degradation. Biomarkers of Gaucher cells were actively searched, particularly after the development of costly therapies based on enzyme supplementation and substrate reduction. Proteins selectively expressed by storage macrophages and secreted into the circulation were identified, among which glycoprotein non-metastatic protein B (GPNMB). This review focusses on the emerging potential of GPNMB as a biomarker of stressed macrophages in LSDs as well as in acquired pathologies accompanied by an excessive lysosomal substrate load in macrophages.
New, practical approach to detecting antibody to pertussis toxin for public health and clinical laboratories (1988)

A new, practical method for determining antibody to pertussis toxin (PT) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for public health and clinical laboratories is possible because of recent advances in understanding the pathobiology of Bordetella pertussis and the physicochemical properties of PT. The new approach does not require the use of highly purified PT antigen, which is difficult and expensive for most laboratories to obtain. Moreover, it employs only reagents that are commercially readily available. The method combines the purification of PT antigen and an assay for PT antibody into one process. It depends on (i) growth of B. pertussis in a simple, defined medium to obtain a PT-rich supernatant with little contamination of cellular antigens; (ii) a simple, one-step concentration of PT in the culture supernatant with Affi-Gel Blue (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Richmond, Calif.); and (iii) specific adsorption of PT as the test antigen to microtiter wells coated with fetuin for the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The procedure is sensitive and specific for PT antibody. It is technically simple, reproducible, and can be performed in a modestly equipped laboratory.
First Radar Echoes from Cumulus Clouds (1993)

In attempting to use centimeter-wavelength radars to investigate the early stage of precipitation formation in clouds, “mantle echoes” are rediscovered and shown to come mostly from scattering by small-scale variations in refractive index, a Bragg kind of scattering mechanism. This limits the usefulness of single-wavelength radar for studies of hydrometeor growth, according to data on summer cumulus clouds in North Dakota, Hawaii, and Florida, to values of reflectivity factor above about 10 dBZe with 10-cm radar, 0 dBZe with 5-cm radar, and −10 dBZe with 3-cm radar. These are limits at or above which the backscattered radar signal from the kinds of clouds observed can be assumed to be almost entirely from hydrometeors or (rarely) other particulate material such as insects. Dual-wavelength radar data can provide the desired information about hydrometeors at very low reflectivity levels if assumptions can be made about the inhomogeneities responsible for the Bragg scattering. The Bragg scattering signal itself probably will be a useful way to probe inhomogeneities one-half the radar wavelength in scale for studying cloud entrainment and mixing processes. However, this use is possible only before scattering from hydrometeors dominates the radar return.
Presence of Cryptosporidium Oocysts and Giardia Cysts in the Surface Water and Groundwater in the City of Cayes, Haiti (2009)

Presence of Cryptosporidium Oocysts and Giardia Cysts in the Surface water and Groundwater in the city of Cayes, Haiti. El objetivo de este estudio fue de determinar el número de ooquistes de Cryptosporidium sp y de quistes de Giardia sp presentes en las aguas superficiales y subterráneas utilizadas por la población de la ciudad de Los Cayes (Haití). Se colectaron en 15 sitios distribuidos en la ciudad, volúmenes de 3 a 200 litros de agua de diferentes orígenes (aguas dulce y de baño, aguas de manantial, de perforación, de consumo y de pozos domésticos), luego se trataron por medio de cartuchos de filtración que fueron conservados a 4°C hasta el procesamiento. Los ooquistes y los quistes han sido aislados por un método immuno-magnético y contados al microscopio a fluorescencia después de su marcación por un anticuerpo monoclonal. De las 15 deducciones analizadas de agua, 8 (53 %) contenían ooquistes de Cryptosporidium y/o quistes de Giardia. El número de ooquistes de Cryptosporidium sp detectado variaba de 5 a 100 con un promedio de 29 oocystes para cada 100 litros de agua filtrada; para los quistes de Giardia el número variaba entre 5 y 960 con un promedio de 277 quistes para cada 100 litros de agua filtrada. Este estudio mostró que las aguas superficiales y subterráneas de la ciudad de Los Cayes están contaminadas por una polución de origen fecal y constituyen a propósito una fuente potencial de riesgo biológico para la salud de la población expuesta a ella.
Ethylene Polymerization by Phenoxy Substituted Tris(pyrazolyl)borate Ti(IV) Methyl Complexes (2011)

Ethylene polymerization using Tp*TiMe2(OAr) [Tp* = HB(3,5-Me2-pyrazolyl)3; Ar = O-2,6-Me2C6H3 (2a), O-2,6-iPr2C6H3 (2b)]-cocatalyst systems [cocatalyst: MAO, [Ph3C][B(C6F5)4], or B(C6F5)3 and AliBu3 or Al(n-octyl)3] or[Tp*TiMe(O-2,6-Me2C6H3)]+[MeB(C6F5)3]−·2THF (3a) in the presence of Al alkyls have been explored. The catalytic activity by 2a,b−cocatalyst systems was highly affected by the Al/Ti molar ratios. Ethylene polymerizations by 2a,b−MAO catalyst systems proceeded in a quasi living manner between −30 and 25 °C, whereas certain degree of chain transfer was observed when the polymerizations by 2a,b were conducted in the presence of borate cocatalysts. The activity by the cationic Ti(IV)−methyl complex (3a) in the presence of Al(n-octyl)3 was close to those by 2a−B(C6F5)3−Al(n-octyl)3, AliBu3 catalyst systems and the Mn values in the resultant polymers were close with uniform distributions; the facts clearly indicate that the same catalytically active species play a role in this catalysis.
Geometrical Considerations for Piezoresistive Microcantilever Response to Surface Stress during Chemical Sensing (2008)

We have designed, fabricated, and tested five piezoresistive cantilever configurations to investigate the effect of shape and piezoresistor placement on the sensitivity of microcantilevers under either point loading and surface stress loading. The experimental study reveals that: (1) high aspect ratio cantilevers that are much longer than they are wide are optimal for point-loading applications such as microscopy and force measurements; (2) low aspect ratio cantilevers that are short and wide are optimal for surface stress loading scenarios such as those that occur in biological and chemical sensor applications. The sensitivity data for both point loads and surface stress are consistent with previously developed finite-element models.
Low energy differential elastic electron scattering from trichloromethane (2020)

Synopsis Experimental differential cross sections for low energy electron scattering from trichloromethane is measured utilizing a crossed electron-molecular beam experiment via the relative flow method, for the incident electron energies in the range of E 0 = 0.5eV-30eV and the scattering angles in the range of θ = 10° – 130°.
Influence of Humidity on the Complex Structure of PEO-Lithium Salt Polymer Electrolyte (2018)

Solid polymer electrolytes of PEO/LiClO4 and PEO/LiTFSI solution casting films were prepared with the EO/Li molar ratio of 3: 1, and the effect of relative humidity (RH) on their complex structures were characterized. It is shown that the complex structures were barely changed at RH ≤ 10% while severe differences were shown at RH ≥ 20%. The reason was attributed to the interactions of water with lithium salt, and the formation of PEO–Li+–H2O decreased the interactions between PEO and lithium ions. Furthermore, it was shown that the hydrated samples after heat treatment were still strikingly different in characters from their anhydrous precursors, and the type of lithium salt affected the final structures. It was found that the structure of (PEO)3LiClO4 (30% RH) was hardly changed after heating; however, an irreversible compositional transition was discovered in (PEO)3LiTFSI (30% RH) in which case (PEO)2LiTFSI was formed.
The Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index as a Prognosis Predictor in Patients With Rectal Cancer Receiving Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy (2022)

Preoperative GNRI may be a useful predictor for recurrence and poor prognosis in elderly patients with rectal cancer who undergo radical resection after NAC. Further studies and accumulation of cases should investigate the relationship between preoperative GNRI and prognosis after NAC in elderly patients.
Using MUMmer to Identify Similar Regions in Large Sequence Sets (2003)

The MUMmer sequence alignment package is a suite of computer programs designed to detect regions of homology in long biological sequences. Version 2.1 makes several improvements to the package, including: increased speed and reduced memory requirements; the ability to handle both protein and DNA sequences; the ability to handle multiple sequence fragments; and new algorithms for clustering together basic matches. The system is particularly efficient at comparing highly similar sequences, such as alternative versions of fragment assemblies or closely related strains of the same bacterium.
What Makes Online Content Viral? (2011)

Why are certain pieces of online content (e.g., advertisements, videos, news articles) more viral than others? This article takes a psychological approach to understanding diffusion. Using a unique data set of all the New York Times articles published over a three-month period, the authors examine how emotion shapes virality. The results indicate that positive content is more viral than negative content, but the relationship between emotion and social transmission is more complex than valence alone. Virality is partially driven by physiological arousal. Content that evokes high-arousal positive (awe) or negative (anger or anxiety) emotions is more viral. Content that evokes low-arousal, or deactivating, emotions (e.g., sadness) is less viral. These results hold even when the authors control for how surprising, interesting, or practically useful content is (all of which are positively linked to virality), as well as external drivers of attention (e.g., how prominently content was featured). Experimental results further demonstrate the causal impact of specific emotion on transmission and illustrate that it is driven by the level of activation induced. Taken together, these findings shed light on why people share content and how to design more effective viral marketing campaigns.
Particle Size Control of Nanocrystalline Anatase TiO2 Synthesized by Hydrolysis of Titanyl Organic Compounds (2008)

Abstract The global nanocrystalline anatase TiO 2 particle can be obtained by hydrolysis of titanyl organic compounds. Its particle size is mostly influenced by the titanyl organic compounds' concentration, nitric acid (HNO 3 ) concentration, reaction time and temperature, and especially the HNO 3 concentration. The formation of nanocrystalline TiO 2 with bigger size can be accelerated by a higher temperature, thick solution of reactant (titanyl organic compounds), and HNO 3 . Vice versa, in order to gain smaller particles, such as 6 nm, the reaction conditions should be set at a thin reactant solution, low temperature, and low HNO 3 concentration. The reason lies in the hydrolyzing mechanism of titanyl organic compounds, which is strongly influenced by the temperature and pH.
Visualization of the moment of mouse sperm–egg fusion and dynamic localization of IZUMO1 (2013)

Gene disruption experiments have proven that the acrosomal protein IZUMO1 is essential for sperm-egg fusion in the mouse.However, despite its predicted function, it is not expressed on the surface of ejaculated spermatozoa.Here, we report the dynamics of diffusion of IZUMO1 from the acrosomal membrane to the sperm surface at the time of the acrosome reaction, visualized using a fluorescent protein tag.IZUMO1 showed a tendency to localize in the equatorial segment of the sperm surface after the acrosome reaction.This region is considered to initiate fusion with the oolemma.The moment of sperm-egg fusion and the dynamic movements of proteins during fusion were also imaged live.Translocation of IZUMO1 during the fertilization process was clarified, and a fundamental mechanism in mammalian fertilization is postulated.
Capacity performance of dynamic provisioning in optical networks (2001)

This paper describes an architecture and analyzes the performance of dynamic provisioning of lightpaths in an optical network. In dynamic provisioning, a lightpath is set up in real-time without rearranging the working and protection routes of existing lightpaths, and without the knowledge of future lightpath provisioning events. This paper develops a general model of the physical topology of the optical network, and outlines routing approaches for dynamic provisioning of lightpaths. It analyzes via simulations the performance of dynamically provisioned unprotected, 1+1 protected and mesh-restored lightpaths. The analysis of the efficiency of network utilization of dynamic provisioning focuses on the spare capacity needed for protection, and in particular focuses on the impact of sharing of wavelength channels for mesh-restored lightpaths. The main conclusion from the performance studies is that significant capacity gains are achieved with sharing of wavelength-channels for mesh-restored lightpaths with dynamic provisioning even for sparse topologies, and even at moderate loads.
PADI2‐Catalyzed MEK1 Citrullination Activates ERK1/2 and Promotes IGF2BP1‐Mediated SOX2 mRNA Stability in Endometrial Cancer (2021)

Peptidylarginine deiminase II (PADI2) converts positively charged arginine residues to neutrally charged citrulline, and this activity has been associated with the onset and progression of multiple cancers. However, a role for PADI2 in endometrial cancer (EC) has not been previously explored. This study demonstrates that PADI2 is positively associated with EC proregression. Mechanistically, PADI2 interacting and catalyzing MEK1 citrullination at arginine 113/189 facilitates MEK1 on extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation, which activates insulin-like growth factor-II binding protein 1 (IGF2BP1) expression. Furthermore, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and RNA stability analyses reveal that IGF2BP1 binds to the m<sup>6</sup>A sites in <i>SOX2</i>-3'UTR to prevent <i>SOX2</i> mRNA degradation. Dysregulation of IGF2BP1 by PADI2/MEK1/ERK signaling results in abnormal accumulation of oncogenic SOX2 expression, therefore supporting the malignant state of EC. Finally, PADI2 gene silencing, inhibiting MEK1 citrullination by PADI2 inhibitor, or mutation of MEK1 R113/189 equally inhibits EC progression. These data demonstrate that PADI2-catalyzed MEK1 R113/189 citrullination is a critical diver for EC malignancies and suggest that targeting PADI2/MEK1 can be a potential therapeutic approach in patients with EC.
In-situ Calibration for Angle-resolved Valence EELS (2022)

Momentum-resolved electron energy loss spectroscopy (qEELS) in the optical and x-ray region, 1 to 10 eV, yields dispersion relations (ω-q) of the observed excitations. The ω-q relations assists identification of spectral features qEELS spectra. Accurate calibration of energy dispersion in eV/pixel can be routinely obtained by several methods. However, reliable calibration of the momentum (q) dispersion at a camera length L = 10 to 100 m, that is used for valence qEELS, can be challenging. We report a method for in-situ calibration of q dispersion using the surface plasmon polariton (SPP) in a known material.