gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Silica-Based Ziegler–Natta Catalysts: A Patent Review (1999)

Silica-based Ziegler–Natta catalysts are important industrially in the manufacture of polyethylene and polypropylene. They are scientifically very interesting because of the complex effects of porous silica on catalyst performance. This patent review explains how silica–based Ziegler–Natta catalysts are related to Phillips chromium–silica catalysts and explores their value for the gas phase and slurry processes for the manufacture of polyolefins. The subcategories dealt with are the following: magnesium–titanium–silica catalysts, which are valuable for high-density polyethylene, for the ethylene copolymers called linear low-density polyethylene;and ethylene–propylene rubber, and for isotactic polypropylene; vanadium–silica catalysts, which are useful in the polymerization and copolymerization of ethylene; and vanadium plus titanium–silica catalysts which often exhibit reactivity synergism. Dual-site and multisite catalysts are also reviewed.
Small PN-Code Lidar for Asteroid and Comet Missions—Receiver Processing and Performance Simulations (2021)

Space missions to study small solar system bodies, such as asteroids and comet cores, are enhanced by lidar that can provide global mapping and serve as navigation sensors for landing and surface sampling. A small swath-mapping lidar using a fiber laser modulated by pseudo-noise (PN) codes is well-suited to small space missions and can provide contiguous measurements of surface topography with &lt;10 cm precision. Here, we report the design and simulation of receiver signal processing of such a lidar using the small all-range lidar (SALi) as a design example. We simulated its performance in measuring the lidar range and surface reflectance by using instrument and target parameters, noise sources, and the receiver correlation processing method under various conditions. In single-beam Reconnaissance mode, the simulation predicted a maximum range of 440 km under sunlit conditions with a range precision as small as 8 cm. In its multi-pixel Mapping mode, the lidar can provide measurements out to 110 km with range precision of 5 cm. The effects of Doppler shift were quantified. From these results, we discuss the need for Doppler compensation via the receiver clock rate. We also describe a novel reflectance measurement method using active laser control, which allows the receiver to use simple comparators for analog-to-digital conversion. This method was simulated with surface reflectance values from 4% to 36% resulting in an RMS precision of 3% and a bias of 1% of the surface reflectance. We also performed an orbital ranging simulation using a shape model of 101955 Bennu for target surface elevation. The range residuals showed a sub-mm bias with a standard deviation of 5 cm. We implemented the receiver processor design on a Xilinx Ultrascale field-programmable gate array (FPGA). It was able to process received signals and retrieve accurate ranges at a single-channel measurement rate of 3050 Hz with a latency of 1.07 ms.
Metabolic engineering of microbial competitive advantage for industrial fermentation processes (2016)

Microbial contamination is an obstacle to widespread production of advanced biofuels and chemicals. Current practices such as process sterilization or antibiotic dosage carry excess costs or encourage the development of antibiotic resistance. We engineered Escherichia coli to assimilate melamine, a xenobiotic compound containing nitrogen. After adaptive laboratory evolution to improve pathway efficiency, the engineered strain rapidly outcompeted a control strain when melamine was supplied as the nitrogen source. We additionally engineered the yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Yarrowia lipolytica to assimilate nitrogen from cyanamide and phosphorus from potassium phosphite, and they outcompeted contaminating strains in several low-cost feedstocks. Supplying essential growth nutrients through xenobiotic or ecologically rare chemicals provides microbial competitive advantage with minimal external risks, given that engineered biocatalysts only have improved fitness within the customized fermentation environment.
Rapid Diagnosis of Als/Ahas-Resistant Weeds (1993)

A method to rapidly identify acetolactate synthase/acetohydroxyacid synthase (ALS/AHAS)-resistant weeds is described based upon the differential accumulation of acetoin in the presence and absence of an ALS/AHAS inhibitor herbicide. Acetoin accumulation is induced by inhibition of ketol-acid reductoisomerase (KARI), the enzyme immediately following ALS/AHAS in the biosynthesis of branched-chain amino acids. Inhibition of ALS/AHAS prevents the build up of acetoin and forms the basis for distinguishing between sensitive and resistant biotypes. A new inhibitor of KARI, 1,1-cyclopropanedicarboxylic acid (CPCA), is described and was found to cause acetoin accumulation in velvetleaf leaf disks over the concentration range of 2 to 100 000 μ M. In the presence of CPCA, a number of species important to monitor for ALS/AHAS resistance were found to accumulate acetoin at rates sufficient for resistance diagnosis in 2 to 8 h. In velvetleaf, the youngest apical leaf was found to be the most active in acetoin accumulation. The resistance diagnosis method was validated by clearly distinguishing between imazaquin-sensitive and imazaquin-resistant cocklebur biotypes.
hEYEbrid (2018)

We introduce hEYEbrid, a calibration-free method for spontaneous and long-term eye gaze tracking, with competitive gaze estimation. It is based on a hybrid concept that combines infrared eye images with corneal imaging. For this, two eye cameras are mounted on a glasses frame. In this way, the pupil can be tracked quickly with high precision. This information is translated into the corneal image, which is used to create a connection to the environment, acting like a scene camera. In a user study with 20 participants, we evaluated our approach against an extended version of the system, called 3C-hEYEbrid, and a state-of-the-art head-mounted Pupil Labs eye tracker. We show that hEYEbrid provides accurate gaze estimation in unconstrained environments and is robust against calibration drift (e.g. caused by taking off and putting on the device). In addition, we present a mobile and wearable implementation of hEYEbrid and 3C-hEYEbrid, that is also usable with a monocular Pupil Labs eye tracker. It connects the head-mounted device to a mobile phone, enabling gaze estimation in real time. hEYEbrid represents a significant step towards pervasive gaze-based interfaces.
Plastic electronics and optoelectronics (2005)

Semiconducting (conjugated) polymers are of considerable importance as the active materials in electronic and optical devices, including polymer-based light emitting diodes (LEDs), photodetectors, photovoltaic cells, sensors, field effect transistors and lasers. Because these semiconducting (and metallic) polymers can be processed from solution, the field of "plastic electronics" is moving toward device fabrication by printing technology. The author summarizes progress in device performance and progress toward large scale printing of such devices
HeadSLAM - simultaneous localization and mapping with head-mounted inertial and laser range sensors (2008)

Self-localization of users and their wearable computers is essential to many applications, but so far, most implementation rely on a-priori information and pre-deployed infrastructures such as maps. We show how techniques from mobile robotics, namely simultaneous localization and mapping can be used to automatically generate both localization information and 2D environment maps using head-mounted inertial and laser range sensors. We present an initial implementation and the results of a number of experiments conducted in an office environment with focus on map degradation caused by shape ambiguities in the environment such as corridors.
MEMS: the path to large optical crossconnects (2002)

Continuous growth in demand for optical network capacity and the sudden maturation of WDM technologies have fueled the development of long-haul optical network systems that transport tens to hundreds of wavelengths per fiber, with each wavelength modulated at 10 Gb/s or more. Micro-electromechanical systems devices are recognized to be the enabling technologies to build the next-generation cost-effective and reliable high-capacity optical crossconnects. While the promises of automatically reconfigurable networks and bit-rate-independent photonic switching are bright, the endeavor to develop a high-port-count MEMS-based OXC involves overcoming challenges in MEMS design and fabrication, optical packaging, and mirror control. Due to the interdependence of many design parameters, manufacturing tolerances, and performance requirements, careful trade-offs must be made in MEMS device design as well as system design. We provide an overview of the market demand, various design trade-offs, and multidisciplinary system considerations for building reliable and manufacturable large MEMS-based OXCs.
Performance evaluation and modeling of a submerged membrane bioreactor treating combined municipal and industrial wastewater using radial basis function artificial neural networks (2015)

Treatment process models are efficient tools to assure proper operation and better control of wastewater treatment systems. The current research was an effort to evaluate performance of a submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR) treating combined municipal and industrial wastewater and to simulate effluent quality parameters of the SMBR using a radial basis function artificial neural network (RBFANN). The results showed that the treatment efficiencies increase and hydraulic retention time (HRT) decreases for combined wastewater compared with municipal and industrial wastewaters. The BOD, COD, [Formula: see text] and total phosphorous (TP) removal efficiencies for combined wastewater at HRT of 7 hours were 96.9%, 96%, 96.7% and 92%, respectively. As desirable criteria for treating wastewater, the TBOD/TP ratio increased, the BOD and COD concentrations decreased to 700 and 1000 mg/L, respectively and the BOD/COD ratio was about 0.5 for combined wastewater. The training procedures of the RBFANN models were successful for all predicted components. The train and test models showed an almost perfect match between the experimental and predicted values of effluent BOD, COD, [Formula: see text] and TP. The coefficient of determination (R(2)) values were higher than 0.98 and root mean squared error (RMSE) values did not exceed 7% for train and test models.
The role of actors, targets, and witnesses: Examining gratitude exchanges in a social context (2022)

Gratitude science often conflates the processes of actors recalling and sharing gratitude, as well as neglecting to study targets (benefactors receiving gratitude) and witnesses (those witnessing gratitude). We explored the roles (actors, targets, and witnesses) and processes (recalling, sharing, receiving, and witnessing) involved in gratitude exchanges. In Study 1, undergraduate students (actors; N = 369) wrote letters about either gratitude or daily activities to their parents (targets; N = 247), with half instructed to share their letters with their parents, and half not to share. In Study 2, adolescents (witnesses; N = 267) read either gratitude, positive, or neutral letters written by hypothetical peers addressed to benefactors. Actors recalling gratitude showed improvements in state gratitude, mood, and satisfaction (partial rs = .11 to .15; Study 1); actors sharing gratitude experienced boosts in state gratitude and relationship closeness (rs = .13 to .19; Study 1); targets receiving gratitude demonstrated increases in state gratitude, indebtedness, and elevation (rs = .14 to .16; Study 1); and witnesses observing gratitude reported increased positive affect and elevation (rs = .24), but decreased state gratitude (r = −.12; Study 2). These studies provide initial evidence that different gratitude roles and processes have divergent effects.
At the Crossroads of Inflammation and Tumorigenesis (1999)

In this issue of The Journal of Experimental Medicine , Hudson et al. ([1][1]) report on the identification of a cytokine, the macrophage migration inhibitory factor or MIF, that overcomes p53 function by suppressing its transcriptional activity, thus linking complex programs that govern
Healable Capacitive Touch Screen Sensors Based on Transparent Composite Electrodes Comprising Silver Nanowires and a Furan/Maleimide Diels–Alder Cycloaddition Polymer (2014)

A healable transparent capacitive touch screen sensor has been fabricated based on a healable silver nanowire-polymer composite electrode. The composite electrode features a layer of silver nanowire percolation network embedded into the surface layer of a polymer substrate comprising an ultrathin soldering polymer layer to confine the nanowires to the surface of a healable Diels-Alder cycloaddition copolymer and to attain low contact resistance between the nanowires. The composite electrode has a figure-of-merit sheet resistance of 18 Ω/sq with 80% transmittance at 550 nm. A surface crack cut on the conductive surface with 18 Ω is healed by heating at 100 °C, and the sheet resistance recovers to 21 Ω in 6 min. A healable touch screen sensor with an array of 8×8 capacitive sensing points is prepared by stacking two composite films patterned with 8 rows and 8 columns of coupling electrodes at 90° angle. After deliberate damage, the coupling electrodes recover touch sensing function upon heating at 80 °C for 30 s. A capacitive touch screen based on Arduino is demonstrated capable of performing quick recovery from malfunction caused by a razor blade cutting. After four cycles of cutting and healing, the sensor array remains functional.
Active vibration control of a multi-link space flexible manipulator with torque feedback (1991)

In this article, a new vibration control method for a space flexible manipulator is proposed from the viewpoint of practicability. An N-link SCARA flexible manipulator is considered. The features of the proposed method are as follows: (1) The control system basically consists of simple local feedback of the joint angle and joint torque. Therefore, it is easy to adapt this method for the construction of a controller with a sensor system in a practical system. (2) The asymptotic stability of this feedback scheme has been proved for a distributed system. (3) On the other hand, the proposed method is not an optimal control method because a dynamic compensator is not used. Therefore, this is a low authority control method. First the dynamics of a manipulator are derived by Hamilton's principle. Then the control method is derived based on an artificial potential. The stability of the proposed method has also been proved by the Lyapunov method for stability analysis. The validity of this method has been proved by experiments using a two-link SCARA flexible manipulator, 'TESRA-I'. Experimental results show that the manipulator can be controlled precisely without vibration.
Reactive Oxygen Species Induce Procalcitonin Expression in Trigeminal Ganglia Glia (2014)

These results demonstrate that reactive oxygen species can activate proCT expression from the CGRP gene in trigeminal glia by a paracrine regulatory mechanism. We propose that this glial recruitment pathway may occur following cortical spreading depression and neurogenic inflammation to increase CGRP nociceptive actions in migraine.
In Vitro and In Silico Antidiabetic and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Constituents from Kickxia ramosissima (Nanorrhinum ramosissimum) (2017)

<b>Background and Aims:</b><i>Kickxia ramosissima</i> (Wall.) Janch (or <i>Nanorrhinum ramosissimum</i> (Wall.) Betsche is a well-known medicinal plant in Pakistan that is traditionally used in diabetic and inflammatory conditions. Because little information is available on its phytochemical composition, a range of constituents were isolated and evaluated <i>in vitro</i> in assays related to the traditional use. <b>Methods:</b> Dried whole plant material was extracted and chromatographically fractionated. Isolated constituents were evaluated <i>in silico</i> and <i>in vitro</i> in assays related to the traditional use against diabetes (inhibition of α-glucosidase activity; inhibition of advanced glycation endproducts) and in inflammatory conditions (inhibition of AAPH induced linoleic acid peroxidation, inhibition of 15-LOX, antimicrobial activity). <b>Results:</b> Phytochemical analysis of the extracts and fractions led to isolation of <b>7</b> compounds, including the iridoids kickxiasine (being a new compound), mussaenosidic acid, mussaenoside and linarioside; the flavonoids pectolinarigenin and pectolinarin; and 4-hydroxy-benzoic acid methyl ester. The iridoids showed weak antiglycation activity. The flavonoids, however, showed interesting results as pectolinarigenin was highly active compared to pectolinarin. In the α-glucosidase inhibition assay, only weak activity was observed for the iridoids. However, the flavonoid pectolinarigenin showed good activity, followed by pectolinarin. In the 15-LOX experiment, moderate inhibition was recorded for most compounds, the iridoids mussaenosidic acid and mussaenoside being the most active. In the AAPH assay, weak or no inhibition was recorded for all compounds. The <i>in silico</i> assays for the α-glucosidase and 15-LOX assays confirmed the results of respective <i>in vitro</i> assays. Pectolinarigenin showed moderate antimicrobial activity against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> K1, and <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i>, but it was not cytotoxic on a human MRC-5 cell line. <b>Conclusion:</b> Our findings may in part contribute to explain the traditional use of <i>K. ramosissima</i>.
Direct Work Function Measurement by Gas Phase Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Its Application on PbS Nanoparticles (2013)

Work function is a fundamental property of a material's surface. It is playing an ever more important role in engineering new energy materials and efficient energy devices, especially in the field of photovoltaic devices, catalysis, semiconductor heterojunctions, nanotechnology, and electrochemistry. Using ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (APXPS), we have measured the binding energies of core level photoelectrons of Ar gas in the vicinity of several reference materials with known work functions (Au(111), Pt(111), graphite) and PbS nanoparticles. We demonstrate an unambiguously negative correlation between the work functions of reference samples and the binding energies of Ar 2p core level photoelectrons detected from the Ar gas near the sample surface region. Using this experimentally determined linear relationship between the surface work function and Ar gas core level photoelectron binding energy, we can measure the surface work function of different materials under different gas environments. To demonstrate the potential applications of this ambient pressure XPS technique in nanotechnology and solar energy research, we investigate the work functions of PbS nanoparticles with various capping ligands: methoxide, mercaptopropionic acid, and ethanedithiol. Significant Fermi level position changes are observed for PbS nanoparticles when the nanoparticle size and capping ligands are varied. The corresponding changes in the valence band maximum illustrate that an efficient quantum dot solar cell design has to take into account the electrochemical effect of the capping ligand as well.
Nark is a nitrite‐extrusion system involved in anaerobic nitrate respiration by Escherichia coli (1994)

Escherichia coli can use nitrate as a terminal electron acceptor for anaerobic respiration. A polytopic membrane protein, termed NarK, has been implicated in nitrate uptake and nitrite excretion and is thought to function as a nitrate/nitrite antiporter. The longest-lived radioactive isotope of nitrogen, 13N-nitrate (half-life = 9.96 min) and the nitrite-sensitive fluorophore N-(ethoxycarbonylmethyl)-6-methoxyquinolinium bromide have now been used to define the function of NarK. At low concentrations of nitrate, NarK mediates the electrogenic excretion of nitrite rather than nitrate/nitrite exchange. This process prevents intracellular accumulation of toxic levels of nitrite and allows further detoxification in the periplasm through the action of nitrite reductase.
Variation of the Glycosylation Pattern in MUC1 Glycopeptide BSA Vaccines and Its Influence on the Immune Response (2012)

A shot in the arm for anticancer vaccines: Synthetic MUC1 glycopeptides bearing the STn and 2,6-ST antigens were conjugated covalently to BSA (see scheme). The obtained synthetic vaccines induced very strong immune responses in Balb/c mice. Predominant IgG isotype antibodies were induced. The antibodies exhibited strong binding to breast cancer cells of the MCF-7 cell line. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Practical Application of Model Checking in Software Verification (1999)

This paper presents our experiences in applying the JAVA PATHFINDER (J(sub PF)), a recently developed JAVA to SPIN translator, in the finding of synchronization bugs in a Chinese Chess game server application written in JAVA. We give an overview of J(sub PF) and the subset of JAVA that it supports and describe the abstraction and verification of the game server. Finally, we analyze the results of the effort. We argue that abstraction by under-approximation is necessary for abstracting sufficiently smaller models for verification purposes; that user guidance is crucial for effective abstraction; and that current model checkers do not conveniently support the computational models of software in general and JAVA in particular.
The effects of radiation and annealing on amorphous silicon solar cell space arrays (2002)

This study centers on an ongoing effort to develop large area amorphous silicon (/spl alpha/-Si) solar cells for space applications. Such units are routinely commercially mass produced for terrestrial use. Of major importance, however, is their behavior in radiation environments. Compared to conventional crystalline cells, /spl alpha/-Si devices have the advantages of being very low cost, large area (/spl ges/12/spl times/13 in.), extremely thin (2 /spl mu/), of minimal weight, flexible and monolithically interconnectable. Although these cells have considerable lower AM0 beginning of life (BOL) efficiencies compared to crystalline silicon and gallium arsenide on germanium (GaAs/Ge) space cells approximately 10% versus 13.5% and 18.2% respectively-the key consideration centers upon end of life (EOL) power which, in turn, is dependent upon a mission having a specific radiation environment.
Practical, Asymmetric Route to Sitagliptin and Derivatives: Development and Origin of Diastereoselectivity (2015)

The development of a practical and scalable process for the asymmetric synthesis of sitagliptin is reported. Density functional theory calculations reveal that two noncovalent interactions are responsible for the high diastereoselection. The first is an intramolecular hydrogen bond between the enamide NH and the boryl mesylate S═O, consistent with MsOH being crucial for high selectivity. The second is a novel C-H···F interaction between the aryl C5-fluoride and the methyl of the mesylate ligand.