gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A laboratory study of the effect of frost flowers on C band radar backscatter from sea ice (1997)

C band images of Arctic sea ice taken by the ERS 1 synthetic aperture radar show transitory regions of enhanced radar backscatter from young sea ice. Published field observations associate this increase with frost flower growth and the capture of blowing snow by the flowers. To investigate the first part of this phenomenon, we carried out a laboratory experiment on the response of C band radar backscatter to frost flowers growing on the surface of newly formed saline ice. The experiment took place in a 5 m by 7 m by 1.2 m deep saline water pool located in a two‐story indoor refrigerated facility at the Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory. Sodium chloride ice was grown in this pool at an air temperature of −28°C. The frost flowers first appeared on the ice surface as dendrites and then changed to needles as the ice sheet grew thicker and the surface temperatures became colder. The frost flowers reached to a height of 10–15 mm, and beneath each cluster of frost flowers a slush layer formed to a thickness of approximately 4 mm. Far‐field radar measurements of the backscatter from the ice were made at incident angles from 20° to 40° and at approximately 6‐hour intervals throughout the 3‐day period of the experiment. A backscatter minimum occurred early in the flower growth at the time coincident with an abrupt doubling in the ice surface salinity. Once the full flower coverage was achieved, we removed first the crystal flowers and then the slush layer from the ice surface. The results for these cases show that the crystals have little impact on the backscatter, while the underlying slush patches yield a backscatter increase of 3–5 dB over that of bare ice. The laboratory results suggest that this relative backscatter increase of approximately 5 dB can be used as an index to mark the full areal coverage of frost flowers.
Breast tissue decomposition with spectral distortion correction: A postmortem study (2014)

The results indicate that spectral CT can be used to quantify the water, lipid, and protein content in breast tissue. The accuracy of the compositional analysis depends on the applied spectral distortion correction technique.
Cognitive computing systems: Algorithms and applications for networks of neurosynaptic cores (2013)

Marching along the DARPA SyNAPSE roadmap, IBM unveils a trilogy of innovations towards the TrueNorth cognitive computing system inspired by the brain's function and efficiency. The non-von Neumann nature of the TrueNorth architecture necessitates a novel approach to efficient system design. To this end, we have developed a set of abstractions, algorithms, and applications that are natively efficient for TrueNorth. First, we developed repeatedly-used abstractions that span neural codes (such as binary, rate, population, and time-to-spike), long-range connectivity, and short-range connectivity. Second, we implemented ten algorithms that include convolution networks, spectral content estimators, liquid state machines, restricted Boltzmann machines, hidden Markov models, looming detection, temporal pattern matching, and various classifiers. Third, we demonstrate seven applications that include speaker recognition, music composer recognition, digit recognition, sequence prediction, collision avoidance, optical flow, and eye detection. Our results showcase the parallelism, versatility, rich connectivity, spatio-temporality, and multi-modality of the TrueNorth architecture as well as compositionality of the corelet programming paradigm and the flexibility of the underlying neuron model.
2A1-M11 Procedure Analysis of a Medical Doctor in Microsurgery (2009)

The succession of the microsurgery's techniques is carried out by like an apprenticeship system, and the surgeons acquire the operative techniques by books or images. So, the specific and quantitative method of evaluating and succeeding to the suture techniques is required. This paper describes that the suturing techniques of surgeons with different surgical experience were evaluated with respect to the force of gripping forceps while suturing, and proposes the method of force presentation by the sound. The grip force of the left hand especially was turned out that there is a significant difference between the skillful surgeons and non-skillful surgeons.
Nanoerythrosomes, a new derivative of erythrocyte ghost: III. Is phagocytosis involved in the mechanism of action? (1998)

We have previously developed a new drug carrier, named nanoerythrosome which is prepared by extrusion of erythrocyte ghosts to produce small vesicles having an average diameter of 100 nm. Daunorubicin (DNR) conjugated to these nanoerythrosomes has a higher antineoplastic index than the free drug. Moreover, since nanoerythrosomes are particles, phagocytosis may be involved in their mechanism of potentiation. In the present study, we have compared the mechanism of penetration between free DNR and conjugate DNR linked to nanoerythrosomes, on cells presenting high phagocytic activity, macrophages, and cells lacking phagocytic activity, the P388 D1 cell line. Our results demonstrate that: 1) The nanoerythrosome-DNR complex is rapidly adsorbed and phagocytosed by the macrophages, but not by the P388 D1 cell line. 2) On the contrary, DNR enters both phagocytic and non phagocytic cells. Furthermore, the cellular distribution of DNR is the same in both cell lines, the nucleus being the target organelle. We conclude that phagocytosis of the nanoerythrosome-DNR complex is not involved in its mechanism of action.
The assessment of airborne bacterial contamination in three composting plants revealed site-related biological hazard and seasonal variations (2006)

This study provides broad evidence of bacterial aerosol dispersion and site-related biological hazards that may be useful to the regional government to implement regulations on worker safety in composting plants.
Distribution of spinocerebellar Purkinje cell responses to passive forelimb movements in the rat (2000)

We recorded Purkinje cell activity throughout the spinocerebellum of anaesthetized rats while imposing circular passive movements to the unrestrained forelimb. The aim was to understand the type of processing of sensory information occurring at the level of the cerebellar cortex, on the basis that precerebellar sensory neurons have been shown to represent whole limb movement parameters better than single joint movements. We observed that neurons representing sensory aspects of arm movements were scattered throughout the spinocerebellar cortex without a distinct segregation from those that did not respond, albeit the relative density of responsive and unresponsive neurons was quite variable and depended on the area of the cortex. Furthermore, Purkinje cells that responded significantly to the arm movement cycles all showed the same response pattern consisting of a firing rate increase during the downward extension of the arm. These results are discussed as suggesting a coordinate framework for the representation of proprioceptive information in the cerebellum congruent to that observed for encoding motor parameters.
Handling cattle raised in close association with people. (2014)

Cattle that are managed in close association with people are tame and may have no flight zone. They are either trained to lead with a lead rope or they are easily herded in small groups. These animals are accustomed to lots of human activity around them. Tame and intact bulls that have been kept tied up during rearing will fight vigorously when mixed in group feedlot pens. In Africa and other developing areas, small herds of cattle are kept for draught purposes and milk. There is a concern that the hardy indigenous breeds will be lost. There is also a need to improve handling practices, for instance many animals arrive at markets with injuries caused by handlers. Harness design for working oxen needs to be improved as well. Injuries to the nose can be prevented by using a halter (head collar) to tie cattle instead of a nose ring or nose cord. Draught animals would be more physically fit for work if they were exercised year round. Even though these animals are tame, there is a need for handling facilities, such as truck-loading ramps and a single stall with a head stanchion for veterinary work. The chapter also describes methods for restraining cattle with ropes, blindfolds or pressure applied to various parts of the body, and notes that stroking is most effective for calming cattle when it is done on the ventral region of the neck.
Channel estimation using aperiodic binary sequences (1998)

Estimating a channel impulse response using a known aperiodic sequence is considered. The problem can be reduced to minimizing the trace of the inverse of a Toeplitz matrix. An efficient algorithm for computing this trace is developed and optimal binary sequences up to length 32 are found and tabulated. The use of complementary sequences in this context is also investigated. It is shown that the eigenvalues of the autocorrelation matrices of a pair of complementary sequences sum to a known constant.
Controlling intermolecular associations with molecular superstructure: polar discotic linear chain phases (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTControlling intermolecular associations with molecular superstructure: polar discotic linear chain phasesAndre G. Serrette and Timothy M. SwagerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 19, 8879–8880Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00072a067https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00072a067research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views307Altmetric-Citations67LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
The Role and Character of the Nature of Science in Science Education (2005)

This chapter has explored the dynamic arena of the nature of science by examining both its history and ways that the nature of science has informed and should guide science teaching. We have taken the position that a pragmatic consensus exists regarding some of the most important elements regarding the process of science, but have demonstrated that constructive debate exists. Research and discussion continues regarding the relationship between what teachers believe about the nature of science and what they then communicate to students. We assert that teachers must have experiences where they explore the social studies of science and contemplate the methods by which that content may be shared with students. This is the core purpose for developing this book, a book of rationales and strategies. It is vital that the science education community provide an accurate view of how science operates to students and by inference to their teachers. What follows in the accompanying chapters are tested strategies for doing just that. Whether these plans find a home in teacher education programs, in school classrooms, or simply in the minds of interested individuals, we are confident that science education will be a richer discipline and our students will be more adequately prepared for their lives as citizens when they are afforded a fuller understanding of the nature of this thing called science.
Modeling and Analysis of the X-ray Powder Diffraction Structure of γ-Zirconium Phosphates Pillared with Butyl Chains through Molecular Dynamics Simulations (2001)

Detailed insights into the structural features of γ-zirconium phosphate pillared with butyl chains were obtained by molecular dynamics simulations (NPT and NVT type) of models. The available X-ray powder diffraction structure provided reasonable initial conditions (interlayer distances and unit cell parameters) to generate the models submitted to the simulations (timing 1 ns). Using the results of the molecular dynamics trajectories, the X-ray structure of the compound was adequately reproduced by an average of the structural models corresponding to the four accessible orientations of the butyl chains toward the a and b cell axes. This result showed that, in the crystallite, the chains were arranged along the four possible orientations. The predominant structural motif of the molecular assembly in the bulk of pillared γ-zirconium phosphate butyldiphosphonate was found to be composed of layers laid one upon the other with the pillars of each layer pointing in the same direction, with rare interruptions of this sequence by opposite positioning of the butyl chains of two interfaced layers. The molecular dynamics technique was thus found to be a valid approach to solving otherwise intractable issues concerning structural features of γ-zirconium phosphate derivatives pillared with aliphatic chains, and it is likely that this promising technique can be extended to a variety of similar compounds.
Performance Analysis of a USRP Based GPS and GLONASS Signal Recording and Playback System (2013)

This paper presents performance evaluation and analysis of a Multi-GNSS signal recording and playback system based on Universal Serial Radio Peripheral (USRP) family of devices. Two USRP-N210 mother boards are paired with appropriate RFX daughter boards to record and playback Multi-GNSS signals controlled by a personal computer. An adjustable signal attenuator mounted between the playback USRP output and the transmitting antenna controls the transmitted power of the signal. The two USRPs are synchronized by an external reference clock. The recorded and playback signals are processed for GPS L1, L2C, and L5, and GLONASS L1 and L2 signals. The carrier to noise ratio and carrier phase noise are computed for each recorded and playback signal using the same software receiver acquisition and tracking algorithm for the playback system performance evaluations. A 6th order Butterworth Filter is used to remove the low frequency components of carrier tracking measurements. The OCXO reference clock performance is also compared with that of a TCXO to demonstrate the importance of having a quality oscillator for the recording and playback system.
Analysis on Control Performance Assessment Based on Minimum entropy (2018)

Most practical industry control systems are neither linear nor Gaussian. The performance of this kind control system cannot be described only by mean and variance. The minimum entropy control is effective method to solve this problem. Performance assessment benchmark based on minimum entropy is researched. The limitation of CPA based on the minimum variance benchmark is analyzed in this paper. Then the evaluation process of the minimum entropy control system is researched in this paper. Afterwards, influence factors of performance assessment benchmark based on minimum entropy are analyzed. Lastly, the simulation shows that the effective point distribution can improve the accuracy of performance assessment.
Molecular predictors of chemotherapy response in non-small-cell lung cancer (2007)

Lung cancer is the number one cause of cancer-related mortality. In order to improve the outcome of patients, advances in the understanding of cancer biology and the development of therapeutic modalities that target key proliferation and survival mechanisms are needed. In vitro data have demonstrated that the genes RRM1 and ERCC1 are important components of these mechanisms. Recently, how these genes affect lung cancer therapy has been explored in the clinical setting with the goal of finding customized treatment algorithms to optimize efficacy, improve outcomes and minimize toxicity.
Harnessing collective knowledge inherent in tag clouds (2012)

Abstract Tagging systems represent the conceptual knowledge of a community. We experimentally tested whether people harness this collective knowledge when navigating through the Web. As a within‐factor we manipulated people's prior knowledge (no knowledge vs. prior knowledge that was congruent/incongruent to the collective knowledge inherent in the tags). As between‐factor we manipulated whether people had tag clouds available or not. In line with the Information Foraging Theory and with the Co‐Evolution Model of individual learning and collective knowledge building, we found that people's prior knowledge and tag clouds influenced their navigation. Tags which were congruent with people's prior knowledge had a higher probability of being selected. A knowledge test showed that participants adapted their individual conceptual knowledge to the collective knowledge. This incidental learning shows that people harness collective knowledge just by navigation with tag clouds.
Sensible Balance (2011)

The activities of cortical neurons are controlled through the plasticity of inhibitory synapses.
Impurity Quadrupole Interaction in Light Rare Earth Metals: 111Cd in La, Pr and Nd (1986)

The nuclear quadrupole interaction of dilute light rare earth (RE) metals La, Pr and Nd by time differential perturbed angular correlation measurements. The quadrupole frequency νQ has been determined in Pr as a function of temperature and pressure, in Nd as a function of temperature, and in La at 19 K. The pressure dependence of νQ of 111 Cd in Pr ((d In ν Q /d P) 290 K = + 2.7 (2.3) · 10 -3 Kbar -1 ) is a factor of 3 - 4 weaker than in the heavy RE metals Gd to Er. At the same time the temperature dependence of ν Q in the light RE is up to a factor of 3 stronger than in the heavy RE. Between 300 K and 900 K. the quadrupole frequency is a linear function of temperature with the same slope (d In ν Q /dT ) 290 k = - 8.4(2) · 10 -4 K -1 both in Pr and Nd. Between 25 K and 300 K the decrease is stronger than linear, and more pronounced in Pr than in Nd. The temperature coefficient (d In ν Q /dT) 290 k is found to decrease linearly with the RE atomic number across both the series of the fight and the heavy RE metals.
Samarium(II)‐Iodide‐Mediated Cyclizations in Natural Product Synthesis (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Glycemic Outcomes and Feature Set Engagement Among Real-Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring Users With Type 1 or Non–Insulin-Treated Type 2 Diabetes: Retrospective Analysis of Real-World Data (2023)

Similar to patients with T1D, patients with non-insulin-treated T2D used RT-CGM system features, suggesting beneficial, routine engagement with data by patients and others involved in their care. Motivated patients with diabetes could benefit from RT-CGM coverage.
Investigation of Abrasive-Laden-Fluid Method For Perforation and Fracture Initiation (1961)

ABSTRACT This paper mentions briefly the history of hydraulic jetting as applied to perforating and fracture initiation. It points out the advantages of hydraulic perforation and undercutting as an aid for creating a fracture at the point desired rather than depending upon the weakest point in the formation for breakdown. It describes early experimental work with jet nozzles in search of better nozzle materials. The effect of splash-back damage and its subsequent influence on jet body and tool design during this work is discussed. A series of cutting-rate curves for jets cutting steel and steel-cement-formation combinations is presented to show the effect of hydrostatic head and the point of diminishing returns with respect to cutting time. There is a series of photographs showing various types of rock formation in which perforation and undercutting tests were made. These stones were drilled and the casing cemented in place as in an actual well. The casing was perforated and circularly cut as if preparing for a fracturing job. The conclusion reached in the paper is that hydraulic jetting with sand-laden fluid can be used for perforating and undercutting casing, cement and formation rock for the intended purpose of inducing the formation to fracture at a desired point. INTRODUCTION Hydraulic jetting as a means of cleaning a formation during acidizing has been used for many years. The acid-jet gun was used to clean formation and for drilling cement from casing with acid. This tool was dropped to a seating ring installed on the tubing and could be retrieved by reverse circulation or wire line. In this process, the fluids were directed against the formation to clean and penetrate beyond the mud-damaged area. After the development of the hydraulic fracturing process, interest in jetting the formation with abrasive-laden fluid was renewed. The cutting action of abrasive fluid on pumping equipment, which is a well known problem, has been utilized to perforate and undercut casing, tubing and formation. In this process, surface areas are provided in the formation on which the fracturing pressures may work to produce a fracture at the location desired.
Materials and Fabrication Technology of Rare-Earth-Doped Optical Fibres (2017)

The fundamental principle of the chemical vapour deposition (CVD) process is highly selective vaporization of desired precursor materials to obtain a high-purity material in order to avoid unwanted elements having a high absorption loss, which degrade the quality of the finished product. This chapter presents the modified chemical vapour deposition (MCVD) technology and activities related to RE-doped fibre fabrication suitable for amplifier and laser applications along with the different test methods that are employed to characterize the preform/fibres. It discusses the steps involved in the MCVD process along with the important parameters required to optimize for increasing the process efficiency. The optical fibre used in an (Er)-doped fibre amplifier (EDFA) is doped with the erbium ion, a rare earth element that has the appropriate energy levels in its atomic configuration to amplify a band of light around 1550 nm.