gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microscopic Imaging Homogeneous and Single Phase Superfluid Density in UTe2 (2023)

Odd-parity superconductor UTe_{2} shows spontaneous time-reversal symmetry breaking and multiple superconducting phases, which imply chiral superconductivity, but only in a subset of samples. Here we microscopically observe a homogeneous superfluid density n_{s} on the surface of UTe_{2} and an enhanced superconducting transition temperature near the edges. We also detect vortex-antivortex pairs even at zero magnetic field, indicating the existence of a hidden internal field. The temperature dependence of n_{s}, determined independent of sample geometry, does not support point nodes along the b axis for a quasi-2D Fermi surface and provides no evidence for multiple phase transitions in UTe_{2}.
Detecting cell lysis using viscosity monitoring in E. coli fermentation to prevent product loss (2016)

Monitoring the physical or chemical properties of cell broths to infer cell status is often challenging due to the complex nature of the broth. Key factors indicative of cell status include cell density, cell viability, product leakage, and DNA release to the fermentation broth. The rapid and accurate prediction of cell status for hosts with intracellular protein products can minimise product loss due to leakage at the onset of cell lysis in fermentation. This article reports the rheological examination of an industrially relevant E. coli fermentation producing antibody fragments (Fab'). Viscosity monitoring showed an increase in viscosity during the exponential phase in relation to the cell density increase, a relatively flat profile in the stationary phase, followed by a rapid increase which correlated well with product loss, DNA release and loss of cell viability. This phenomenon was observed over several fermentations that a 25% increase in broth viscosity (using induction-point viscosity as a reference) indicated 10% product loss. Our results suggest that viscosity can accurately detect cell lysis and product leakage in postinduction cell cultures, and can identify cell lysis earlier than several other common fermentation monitoring techniques. This work demonstrates the utility of rapidly monitoring the physical properties of fermentation broths, and that viscosity monitoring has the potential to be a tool for process development to determine the optimal harvest time and minimise product loss. © 2016 The Authors. Biotechnology Progress published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 32:1069-1076, 2016.
Pulmonary Endothelial Cell Irradiation Damage Signaling Initiates Late Fibrosis (2012)

Abstract Abstract 4682 Thoracic irradiation of C57BL/6NHsd mice produces an acute lung inflammatory period (0 to 30 days after irradiation), followed by a stable latent period (30 to 100 days), followed by a delayed fibrosis reaction (100 –150 days). Fibrosis involves migration of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (fibroblast progenitors) into the lung. The molecular mechanisms which initiate migration and homing of fibroblast progenitors are unknown. Increased pulmonary TGF-β expression has been correlated with the onset of fibrosis. To identify the cells and genetic pathways involved, C57BL/6NHsd female mice were irradiated with 20 Gy to the thoracic cavity and sacrificed at serial time points including days 0, 2, 14, 28, 50, 75, 100, 110, 125, 150, and 200, lungs were removed and RNA extracted from either whole lung or purified cell populations. Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) was used to quantitate gene expression. In whole lung tissue, when compared to un-irradiated lungs, a significant elevation in expression of multiple inflammation and chemotaxis associated genes (including TGF-β, TNF-α,and MnSOD) and stress response genes (including NFkB, AP-1, SP-1,and Nrf2) was detected both during the acute inflammatory phase (p= 0.0112, 0.0037, 0.0245 and p= 0.0001, &lt; 0.0001, =0.0010, =0.0181 respectively) and late-onset fibrosis phase (p= 0.0079, 0.0459, 0.0001, and p &lt; 0.0001, = 0.0006, =0.0128, &lt; 0.0001 respectively), but were either not elevated or significantly decreased during the latent period ( p&lt; 0.0001, = 0.3785, 0.8123, and p=.0243, &lt; 0.0001, &lt; 0.0001, &lt; 0.0001 respectively). In contrast, increased expression of endothelial cell associated genes including: vWF, VEGF, CTGF, FGF1 and CCL13 was detected during the latent period, as well as during the acute and chronic reaction phases. Purified lung endothelial, but not epithelial cells, showed stable vascular gene elevations of vWF, VEGF, CTGF, FGF1 and CCL13 during the entire time course including day 7 (p &lt; 0.0001, &lt; 0.0001, =0.0035, =0.0009, =0.0056), day 75 (p=.00263, 0.0104, 0.0284, 0.0038, and 0.0007), and day 150 (p &lt; 0.0001, &lt; 0.0001, =0.0005, =0.0039, =0.0014 respectively). The data supports a significant role of vascular gene expression in the activation and recruitment of cells involved in radiation induced late pulmonary fibrosis. Further analysis of lung endothelial cells may elucidate the mechanisms involved in the late effects of thoracic irradiation, and identify new targets for drug development to prevent irradiation pulmonary fibrosis. Acknowledgments: This project was supported by NIH-2R01CA119927-08A1. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Experimental and theoretical evaluation of rotating orthogonal polarization imaging (2009)

Rotating orthogonal polarization imaging is a new technique that provides quantitative measurements of the polarization properties of scattering media, such as tissue, which are free from surface reflections. The technique is investigated using both experiments and Monte Carlo simulations of a polarizing target embedded within a scattering medium. The technique is sensitive to the polarization properties of the target up to a depth of 17 mean free paths. Preliminary images of bovine tendon, lamb tendon, chicken breast, and human skin are also demonstrated.
Temperature dependence of giant magnetoresistance properties of NiMn pinned spin valves (1998)

The giant magnetoresistance response of NiMn pinned spin valves was studied at elevated temperature. Top spin valve films were made by ion beam sputtering and thermally treated to induce the strong unidirectional pinning field in the pinned layer. Both δR and δR/R decrease linearly with temperature. The sheet resistance of the spin valves also increases linearly with temperature. The exchange coupling between pinned layer and free layer decreases slightly and the coercivity of the free layer increases slightly. The temperature dependence of the exchange pinning field is unique in NiMn spin valves. The pinning field has a weakly increasing temperature dependence up to 200 °C, then decreases to zero at the blocking temperature of 380 °C. Samples with different thickness NiMn layers show different temperature dependencies. However, the blocking temperature is unchanged. The pinning fields of NiMn, FeMn, IrMn, and NiO spin valves were also measured up to 200 °C; NiMn pinned spin valves show the least dependence of pinning field at elevated temperatures.
Quantum-Enhanced Phase Detection in a Lithium Niobate Photonic Integrated Circuit (2023)

Squeezed light promises improved optical measurement sensitivity. We present a photonic integrated circuit with an embedded squeezed light source. It achieves 4% SNR improvement over shot-noise and paves the way toward deployable quantum optical sensors.
Most experimental magnetic properties of solid bcc 3He are described by a two parameter model : three and four spin exchange (1980)

A two parameter model including only four and three spin exchange fits the entropy curve remarkably well down to 1 mK, agrees with the unusual experimental results on the susceptibility and specific heat and gives the main features of the observed phase diagram.
Individual Differences in Verbal Abilities Associated with Regional Blurring of the Left Gray and White Matter Boundary (2011)

Blurring of the cortical gray and white matter border on MRI is associated with normal aging, pathological aging, and the presence of focal cortical dysplasia. However, it remains unclear whether normal variations in signal intensity contrast at the gray and white matter junction reflect the functional integrity of subjacent tissue. This study explores the relationship between verbal abilities and gray and white matter contrast (GWC) in healthy human adults. Participants were scanned at 3 T MRI and administered standardized measures of verbal expression and verbal working memory. GWC was estimated by calculating the non-normalized T1 image intensity contrast above and below the cortical gray/white matter interface. Spherical averaging and whole-brain correlational analyses were performed. Sulcal regions exhibited higher contrast compared to gyral regions. We found a strongly lateralized and regionally specific profile with reduced verbal expression abilities associated with blurring in left hemisphere inferior frontal cortex and temporal pole. Reduced verbal working memory was associated with blurring in widespread left frontal and temporal cortices. Such lateralized and focal results provide support for GWC as a measure of regional functional integrity and highlight its potential role in probing the neuroanatomical substrates of cognition in healthy and diseased populations.
A study of the fluid mechanics and the cultivation of mammalian cells in a magnetically stabilized fluidized bed bioreactor (1995)

The culture of anchorage dependent mammalian cells on microcarrier offers an attractive avenue for achieving high productivity of therapeutic and diagnostic proteins in bioreactors. Reducing production costs require high cell density that is accompanied by mass transfer limitations of nutrients and oxygen. High agitations required to overcome these limitations can cause considerable cell damage.\nIn this work a novel magnetically stabilized fluidized bed (MSFB) bioreactor is developed to culture mammalian cells on microcarriers. A fluid mechanical study of the MSFB, using a laser light transmission technique showed that the local particle motion is reduced by increasing the applied magnetic field strength. This low turbulent behavior of particles in a MSFB allows for potential cultivation of cells in a three dimensional manner.\nTwo types of magnetically susceptible microcarriers are developed for culturing cells in a MSFB. The performance of the MSFB and an ordinary fluidized bed is compared in terms of cell density, growth rate and death rate of baby hamster kidney (BHK-21) cells. Very high cell densities ($5\\times10\\sp7$ cells/ml) are obtained in both the modes of operation. Results indicate that cells grow at a faster rate in a MSFB as compared to an ordinary fluidized bed. To delineate the effects of flow and magnetic field on cell proliferation, BHK cells were cultured on nonmagnetically susceptible microcarriers in the presence and absence of a 80 gauss DC magnetic field. Five pairs of experiments showed that a uniform static magnetic field increased the growth of BHK-21 cells in a fluidized bed environment.\nThe reduced local motion of particles and the high cell densities that can be attained in a MSFB makes it suitable as a 3-D cell culture system. Preliminary experiments showed the formation of 3-D cell aggregates when hepatoma cells were cultured to high cell densities in the MSFB.\nA linear stability analysis of the equations of motion describing a fluidized bed predicted that the stability of the state of uniform fluidization could be enhanced by applying a nonuniform magnetic field.
Expert-level Automated Biomarker Identification in Optical Coherence Tomography Scans (2019)

In ophthalmology, retinal biological markers, or biomarkers, play a critical role in the management of chronic eye conditions and in the development of new therapeutics. While many imaging technologies used today can visualize these, Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is often the tool of choice due to its ability to image retinal structures in three dimensions at micrometer resolution. But with widespread use in clinical routine, and growing prevalence in chronic retinal conditions, the quantity of scans acquired worldwide is surpassing the capacity of retinal specialists to inspect these in meaningful ways. Instead, automated analysis of scans using machine learning algorithms provide a cost effective and reliable alternative to assist ophthalmologists in clinical routine and research. We present a machine learning method capable of consistently identifying a wide range of common retinal biomarkers from OCT scans. Our approach avoids the need for costly segmentation annotations and allows scans to be characterized by biomarker distributions. These can then be used to classify scans based on their underlying pathology in a device-independent way.
Reconstruction of clonal trees and tumor composition from multi-sample sequencing data (2015)

An implementation of AncesTree is available at: http://compbio.cs.brown.edu/software.
Total-Dose Failure Mechanisms of Integrated Circuits in Laboratory and Space Environments (1987)

Total-dose failure mechanisms are identified over a wide range of dose rate for 2K and 16K SRAMs from hardened and commercial CMOS technologies. Failure was defined "parametrically," such that an IC fails if one of its parameters, e.g., static power supply current or timing, exceeds a preset specification following irradiation. These studies demonstrate that the dominant failure mechanisms of SRAMs in space radiation environments are often quite different than those observed at considerably higher laboratory dose rates specified by DoD test guidelines, i.e., 100 to 300 rad(Si)/s. In addition, the total-dose hardness of SRAMs varied significantly between laboratory and space dose rates. Several approaches are discussed for predicting total-dose hardness of ICs in space from laboratory measurements. Results are also presented for transistors irradiated over the same range of dose rate (200 to 0.02 rad(Si)/s) and at all biases, i.e., N-on/off and P-on/off. These transistor measurements are used to characterize the physical mechanisms that govern the radiation response of the more complex SRAMs. In a surprising result, a dose-rate dependence for the buildup of radiation-induced interface states was observed. At dose rates from 200 to 0.02 rad(Si)/s, the number of interface states at a given total dose increased as the dose rate decreased.
Sonotubometry with perfect sequences: First results in pathological ears (2010)

PSEQ allowed the detection of an ET opening in all 40 normal ears (91% of the performed maneuvers) and in 87.5% of the ears with impaired ET function (but only 47% of the maneuvers). The average amplitude of the openings in healthy ears was 16.86 dB, the average duration was 363 ms. In diseased ears these values were significantly lower: 9.73 dB, p < 0.001 and 280 ms, p < 0.05.
Proposal for a room-temperature diamond maser (2015)

The application of masers is limited by its demanding working conditions (high vacuum or low temperature). A room-temperature solid-state maser is highly desirable, but the lifetimes of emitters (electron spins) in solids at room temperature are usually too short (∼ns) for population inversion. Masing from pentacene spins in p-terphenyl crystals, which have a long spin lifetime (∼0.1 ms), has been demonstrated. This maser, however, operates only in the pulsed mode. Here we propose a room-temperature maser based on nitrogen-vacancy centres in diamond, which features the longest known solid-state spin lifetime (∼5 ms) at room temperature, high optical pumping efficiency (∼10(6) s(-1)) and material stability. Our numerical simulation demonstrates that a maser with a coherence time of approximately minutes is feasible under readily accessible conditions (cavity Q-factor ∼5 × 10(4), diamond size ∼3 × 3 × 0.5 mm(3) and pump power <10 W). A room-temperature diamond maser may facilitate a broad range of microwave technologies.
Effects of crystallographic orientation of Sn on electromigration behavior (2010)

Electromigration behavior of SAC flip-chip joints with respect to the crystallographic orientation of Sn grains was investigated. The test sample had direct contact of Sn-3.0wt% Ag-0.5wt% Cu on Cu-OSP (organic surface preservative) and the applied current density was 15 kA/cm2 at 160 °C. Without current stressing, no microstructural change depending on the crystallographic orientation of Sn was observed. With current stressing, however, the bumps showed the substantial microstructural changes with respect to the crystallographic orientation of Sn. When the orientation of the current flow was parallel to the c-axis, fast failure of the bumps occurred due to the massive dissolution of the Cu electrode on the cathode side caused by the fast diffusion of Cu atoms along the c-axis of Sn grains while only a slight microstructural change was observed when the c-axis of Sn grains was perpendicular to the electron flow.
A novel parameter for predicting arterial fusion and ablation in finite element models (2015)

Tissue fusion devices apply heat and pressure to ligate or ablate blood vessels during surgery. Although this process is widely used, a predictive finite element (FE) model incorporating both structural mechanics and heat transfer has not been developed, limiting improvements to empirical evidence. This work presents the development of a novel damage parameter, which incorporates stress, water content and temperature, and demonstrates its application in a FE model. A FE model, using the Holzapfel-Gasser-Ogden strain energy function to represent the structural mechanics and equations developed by Cezo to model water content and heat transfer, was created to simulate the fusion or ablation of a porcine splenic artery. Using state variables, the stresses, temperature and water content are recorded and combined to create a single parameter at each integration point. The parameter is then compared to a critical value (determined through experiments). If the critical value is reached, the element loses all strength. If the value is not reached, no change occurs. Little experimental data exists for validation, but the resulting stresses, temperatures and water content fall within ranges predicted by prior work. Due to the lack of published data, additional experimental studies are being conducted to rigorously validate and accurately determine the critical value. Ultimately, a novel method for demonstrating tissue damage and fusion in a FE model is presented, providing the first step towards in-depth FE models simulating fusion and ablation of arteries.
A general parametric approach to the meta‐analysis of randomized clinical trials (1991)

Meta-analysis provides a systematic and quantitative approach to the summary of results from randomized studies. Whilst many authors have published actual meta-analyses concerning specific therapeutic questions, less has been published about comprehensive methodology. This article presents a general parametric approach, which utilizes efficient score statistics and Fisher's information, and relates this to different methods suggested by previous authors. Normally distributed, binary, ordinal and survival data are considered. Both the fixed effects and random effects model for treatments are described.
The use of spray drying to microencapsulate 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, a major flavour component of aromatic rice (2003)

Abstract Different ratios of gum acacia and maltodextrins were used to investigate the appropriate wall materials for encapsulation, by spray drying, of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (ACPY). This compound, which is the major flavour component of aromatic rice, was extracted from pandan (Pandanus amaryllifolius) leaves by steam distillation. The amounts of ACPY before and after spray drying encapsulation were not significantly different (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Better retention of ACPY was obtained by encapsulation. In its liquid form ACPY degraded quickly as 63% reduction occurred in a basic solution after 7 days; however, only 30% reduction was found in acidic solution after 35 days of storage. After 72 days of storage, the amount of ACPY in encapsulated powders made with differing amounts of gum acacia and maltodextrin decayed as follows: ratios of gum acacia:maltodextrin of 70:30, 60:40, 50:50, 40:60, 30:70 and 0:100 gave the following amounts of degradation of 27.7, 33.4, 43.2, 35.7, 30.6 and 32.6% respectively. Encapsulation in 70:30 gum acacia:maltodextrin gave the best retention of ACPY.
Characteristics of Great Leaders (2015)

Presented on January 20, 2015 at 7:00 pm in the LeCraw Auditorium, Scheller College of Business on the Georgia Tech campus.
Simplified authenticated key exchange based on the q(th) root problem (2000)

Finding a q{sup th} root in GF(p), where p and q are prunes, q is large and q{sup 2} divides (p{minus}1) is a difficult problem equivalent to the discrete logarithm problem using an element of order q as the base. This paper describes an authenticated key exchange algorithm utilizing this hard problem.
Task Planning For Robotic Excavation (2005)

We propose a methodology to automatically generate plans for a robot excavator like a bucket loader or a backhoe. The task is formulated as one of constrained optimization in an actkm space that is spanned by the parameters of a prototypical digging plan. We show how geometric and force constraints are lmposed on the action space to build the set of feasible plans, and discuss methods to optimize a cost function within this set. We discuss recent simulation results that demonstrate this method in action.
Suppression of Early Hematogenous Dissemination of Human Breast Cancer Cells to Bone Marrow by Retinoic Acid–Induced 2 (2015)

We identified downregulation of RAI2 as a novel metastasis-associated genetic alteration especially associated with early occurring bone metastasis in ERα-positive breast tumors. We specified the role of the RAI2 protein to function as a transcriptional regulator that controls the expression of several key regulators of breast epithelial integrity and cancer.
Tunnelling versus open harvest technique in obtaining venous conduits for coronary bypass surgery (1998)

These results show that saphenous vein tunnelling is an attractive alternative to the open harvest technique in obtaining venous conduits for coronary artery bypass procedures.
Iodocyclization in Aqueous Media and Supramolecular Reaction Control Using Water-Soluble Hosts (2019)

Iodocyclization of 2-alkynylanisoles is an efficient route for synthesizing substituted benzofurans. Reaction efficiency with copper(II) sulfate and sodium iodide in an aqueous slurry under mild conditions is a manifold higher than in organic solvents. Water-soluble hosts of the cyclodextrin family solubilize the compounds in aqueous media and affect the reaction efficiency through conformation control and steric interactions. Computational chemistry and spectral titration provide information on the host-guest complex structure and insight into the mechanistic basis of the observed effects.
A pattern recognition-based adaptive algorithm to detect clock reset (2007)

One-way delay (OWD) traces are important measurements for analyzing end-to-end performance in computer networks. The OWD measurements are not always accurate due to clock resets at end hosts. We propose an adaptive algorithm to detect clock resets based on pattern recognition. By clustering clock skews and OWD measurement data, this algorithm can identify two types of clock resets and detect multiple clock resets in an adaptive manner. Numbers of experiments show that this algorithm is more accurate than existing algorithms.
Legend of Supplementary Figure 1 from Phase II Study of Perifosine and Sorafenib Dual-Targeted Therapy in Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Lymphoproliferative Diseases (2023)

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