gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
OCONet: Image Extrapolation by Object Completion (2021)

Image extrapolation extends an input image beyond the originally-captured field of view. Existing methods struggle to extrapolate images with salient objects in the foreground or are limited to very specific objects such as humans, but tend to work well on indoor/outdoor scenes. We introduce OCONet (Object COmpletion Networks) to extrapolate foreground objects, with an object completion network conditioned on its class. OCONet uses an encoder-decoder architecture trained with adversarial loss to predict the object’s texture as well as its extent, represented as a predicted signed-distance field. An independent step extends the background, and the object is composited on top using the predicted mask. Both qualitative and quantitative results show that we improve on state-of-the-art image extrapolation results for challenging examples.
《国际功能、残疾和健康分类》：对物理和康复医学进行统一概念描述的模式 (2008)

需要发展一个当代为国际上广泛接受的物理和康复医学（PRM）的概念描述。建立这种新的概念依赖于统一的概念模型和《国际功能、残疾和健康分类》（ICF）的分类体系。这种基于ICF的康复概念描述是将康复作为一种健康策略。欧盟医学专家委员会（UEMS）的康复专家正在致力于将ICF作为物理和康复医学的统一概念的模型，并依据此建立基于ICF的概念描述并给PRM下定义。根据此项目标，作者通过与欧盟物理和康复医学专业实践委员会成员的合作，对于属于医学专业的PRM作丁一个简明的定义。物理和康复医学是荩于功能评估的医学专业，包含健康状况的诊断和治疗，实旌、应用生物医学并结合其它更为广泛的干预方法，使残疾人或者可能经历残疾的人达到功能最佳化的目标。
A rat model for an in vivo assay of enterotoxic diarrhea (1982)

The heat-labile enterotoxins from Vibrio cholerae (CT) or Escherichia coli (LT) cause diarrheal disease by increasing the intracellular level of 3'5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in the intestinal epithelium [1]. A similar hypersecretion is induced by dibutyryl-cyclic AMP (DB-cAMP) and prostaglandin E I (PGE 1), and these agents are therefore used for elucidating the mechanisms underlying enterotoxic diarrhea. Diarrhea in response to intestinal CT challenge has been registered in several animal species including mouse [2,3], rat [4], hamster, guinea pig, cat [5], chinchilla [6], rabbit [7], dog [8], and miniature pig [9]. These reports have, however, mostly been focused on immunological or bacteriological aspects, and detailed information about the test animal and the operation procedure has been lacking. In the present study the rats are used as test animals for several reasons; (1) various genetically homogeneous inbred strains are available; (2) the animal size is suitable for untroubled abdominal surgery; (3) short-time anesthesia with ether can be used during operation, which eliminates the influence of anesthetic drugs on the secretory process [10]. 2.1. Chemicals
Electronic energy states at conducting polymer/electrode interfaces studied by atmospheric photoemission spectroscopy and Kelvin probe method (2002)

The energy states at conducting polymer/electrode interfaces have been observed by methods of measuring in the atmosphere. The Fermi level (E/sub F/) of the conducting polymer on several electrode materials was estimated using the Kelvin probe method and the ionization potential (IP) was estimated using atmospheric photoelectron spectroscopy. Based on the observations, the electron transfer at the interfaces was related to the difference of the IP between the conducting polymers and electrode material. The dependence of the E/sub F/ of PAT6 on the film thickness differed depending on the electrode materials used, including indium-tin-oxide (ITO), Ag and Al.
SUBGRADE RESILIENT MODULUS FOR PAVEMENT DESIGN AND EVALUATION. FINAL REPORT (1993)

The main goal of this study was to develop a set of testing procedures for resilient modulus and to provide a set of resilient modulus data on typical Indiana soils. Soils tested were five cohesive soils and one granular soil. Resilient modulus tests were performed in the laboratory on a fully automated repeated-load triaxial equipment according to AASHTO T 274-82. A set of correlations was developed between the resilient modulus and the unconfined compression test results for normal and thawed subgrade conditions, based on the test results on the specimen sampled from existing subgrades. Freeze-thaw and post compaction water content increase effects were simulated in the laboratory by using a freeze-thaw chamber and an injection technique, respectively. The resilient modulus for frozen subgrade was also determined. A nonparametric statistical technique was applied to identify a laboratory compaction method capable of replicating the field compacted fabric. Fabric studies on the soils investigated were performed using a mercury intrusion porosimeter. Deformability and resilient response were explained by the fabric of compacted and uncompacted (powdered) soils. A simplified design procedure was developed and it can be incorporated into 1986 AASHTO Guide for Design of Pavement Structures. Developed correlation for normal subgrade condition will help field engineers control the resilient properties of subgrade during construction. Also provided is the procedure to determine the resilient modulus at specific levels of stresses using the design charts developed.
Gene transfection of human mesenchymal stem cells with a nano‐hydroxyapatite–collagen scaffold containing DNA‐functionalized calcium phosphate nanoparticles (2016)

This study aimed to fabricate a growth factor-releasing biodegradable scaffold for tissue regeneration. We prepared multishell calcium phosphate (CaP) nanoparticles functionalized with DNA, polyethyleneimine (PEI), protamine and octa-arginine (R8) and compared their respective transfection activity and cell viability measures using human mesenchymal stem cells. DNA-protamine complexes improved the transfection efficiency of CaP nanoparticles with the exception of those functionalized with R8. These complexes also greatly reduced the cytotoxicity of PEI. In addition, we also fabricated DNA-protamine-functionalized CaP nanoparticle-loaded nano-hydroxyapatite-collagen scaffolds and investigated their gene transfection efficiencies. These experiments showed that the scaffolds were associated with moderate hMSC cell viability and were capable of releasing the BMP-2 protein into hMSCs following gene transfection. In particular, the scaffold loaded with protamine-containing CaP nanoparticles showed the highest cell viability and transfection efficiency in hMSCs; thus, it might be suitable to serve as an efficient growth factor-releasing scaffold.
Supplementary Appendix 1 from Repeatability of Quantitative FDG-PET/CT and Contrast-Enhanced CT in Recurrent Ovarian Carcinoma: Test–Retest Measurements for Tumor FDG Uptake, Diameter, and Volume (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 36KB, Patient inclusion and exclusion criteria.&lt;/p&gt;
Effects of a blend of essential oils on broiler performance and intestinal morphology during coccidial vaccine exposure (2011)

A 2 × 2 factorial experiment (8 pens/treatment, 26 birds/pen) was conducted with 2 doses of a coccidial vaccine [1× or 5× (Paracox-5, Schering-Plough Animal Health, Uxbridge, UK)], administered at 1 d of age) with or without supplementation (125 g/1,000 kg) with a phytogenic feed additive containing a blend of essential oils from oregano, anise, and citrus peel [Biomin P.E.P. 125 poultry (Biomin GmbH, Herzogenburg, Austria); EO]. Within each pen, 13 birds received the coccidial vaccine, whereas the remainder were naturally exposed through the recycling of oocysts in the litter. In pens of birds receiving the higher (5×) dosage of coccidial vaccine, the BW of broilers decreased by up to 2.7% (P = 0.08), but feed-to-gain ratio (FCR) and mortality at 27 d of age (P > 0.05) were not affected. Between d 14 and 27 within pens of birds receiving the 1× dosage of coccidial vaccine, those that were fed EO had a 5.6% increase in BW gain (P < 0.05). Supplementation with EO did not affect feed intake or FCR (P > 0.05). Birds naturally exposed in pens receiving the higher (5×) dosage of coccidial vaccine had an 11% reduction in ileal crypt depth (P < 0.05) and a 19% quicker enterocyte turnover rate (P = 0.086), but there was no effect on ileal villus length or number of goblet cells (P > 0.05). In naturally exposed birds with pen-mates given the 1× dosage of coccidial vaccine, birds fed EO had 12% longer villi than did unsupplemented birds (P < 0.05), with 30% more goblet cells and 23% more goblet cells/10 μm of villus length (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the dosage of coccidial vaccine had an impact on BW, intestinal turnover rate, and crypt depth, whereas dietary supplementation with the EO additive increased villus length and goblet cell density, which may have created an improved barrier against pathogens during a mild coccidial exposure.
Prefrontal Cortex Modulation during Anticipation of Working Memory Demands as Revealed by Magnetoencephalography (2010)

During the anticipation of task demands frontal control is involved in the assembly of stimulus-response mappings based on current goals. It is not clear whether prefrontal modulations occur in higher-order cortical regions, likely reflecting cognitive anticipation processes. The goal of this paper was to investigate prefrontal modulation during anticipation of upcoming working memory demands as revealed by magnetoencephalography (MEG). Twenty healthy volunteers underwent MEG while they performed a variation of the Sternberg Working Memory (WM) task. Beta band (14-30 Hz) SAM (Synthetic Aperture Magnetometry) analysis was performed. During the preparatory periods there was an increase in beta power (event-related synchronization) in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) bilaterally, left inferior prefrontal gyrus, left parietal, and temporal areas. Our results provide support for the hypothesis that, during preparatory states, the prefrontal cortex is important for biasing higher order brain regions that are going to be engaged in the upcoming task.
Demonstration of Recovery Annealing on 7-Bits per Cell 3D Flash Memory at Cryogenic Operation for Bit Cost Scalability and Sustainability (2023)

This report is the first to demonstrate cryogenic 3D flash memory of 7-bits per cell with the recovery annealing applied repeatedly. We combined 77 K cryogenic operation and epi-Si channel to improve the data retention, read noise, and program noise, and their degradation caused by Program/Erase (P/E) cycles. We further applied $200 ^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$ annealing which recovers performance degradations under appropriate cell Vth conditions. Reliable 7-bits per cell operation can maintain performance and energy efficiency competitive to current QLC and NL-HDD technologies. Co-optimization of process technology, memory operation, and cooling system is a promising solution for future sustainable bit cost scaling.
Monte Carlo simulations of the imaging properties of scintillator coated X-ray pixel detectors (2002)

The imaging properties of X-ray pixel detectors depend on the quantum efficiency for X-rays, the generated signal for each X-ray photon and the distribution of the generated signal between different pixels. In a scintillator coated device the signal is generated both by X-ray photons captured in the scintillator and by X-ray photons captured directly in the semiconductor. Hence, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in the image is then a function of the number of photons captured in each of these processes, and the yield of each process, in terms of electron-hole pairs (EHPs) produced in the semiconductor. The full process from the absorption of the X-ray photon to the final signal read out from the detector has been simulated with a combination of the Monte Carlo program MCNP and the commercial carrier transport simulation tool MEDICI. An in house program calculating the light transport between the scintillator and the semiconductor serves as a link.
Periodically pulsed laser-assisted tunneling may generate terahertz radiation (2017)

A mode-locked ultrafast laser focused on the tunneling junction of a scanning tunneling microscope superimposes harmonics of the laser pulse repetition frequency on the direct current tunneling current. The power measured at the first 200 harmonics (up to 14.85 GHz) varies as the inverse square of the frequency due to shunting by the stray capacitance and the resistance in the circuit. However, Fourier analysis suggests that within the tunneling junction there is no significant decay of the harmonics until terahertz frequencies comparable to the reciprocal of the laser pulse-width. Two different types of analysis are used to model the generation of the frequency comb within the tunneling junction. Similar results are obtained, suggesting that the harmonics may extend to terahertz frequencies. Thus, the tunneling junction may be used as a subnanometer sized source of terahertz radiation.
Structural Insights into Functional Overlapping and Differentiation among Myosin V Motors (2013)

Myosin V (MyoV) motors have been implicated in the intracellular transport of diverse cargoes including vesicles, organelles, RNA-protein complexes, and regulatory proteins. Here, we have solved the cargo-binding domain (CBD) structures of the three human MyoV paralogs (Va, Vb, and Vc), revealing subtle structural changes that drive functional differentiation and a novel redox mechanism controlling the CBD dimerization process, which is unique for the MyoVc subclass. Moreover, the cargo- and motor-binding sites were structurally assigned, indicating the conservation of residues involved in the recognition of adaptors for peroxisome transport and providing high resolution insights into motor domain inhibition by CBD. These results contribute to understanding the structural requirements for cargo transport, autoinhibition, and regulatory mechanisms in myosin V motors.
DNA damage alters nuclear mechanics through chromatin reorganization (2020)

DNA double-strand breaks drive genomic instability. However, it remains unknown how these processes may affect the biomechanical properties of the nucleus and what role nuclear mechanics play in DNA damage and repair efficiency. Here, we have used Atomic Force Microscopy to investigate nuclear mechanical changes, arising from externally induced DNA damage. We found that nuclear stiffness is significantly reduced after cisplatin treatment, as a consequence of DNA damage signalling. This softening was linked to global chromatin decondensation, which improves molecular diffusion within the organelle. We propose that this can increase recruitment for repair factors. Interestingly, we also found that reduction of nuclear tension, through cytoskeletal relaxation, has a protective role to the cell and reduces accumulation of DNA damage. Overall, these changes protect against further genomic instability and promote DNA repair. We propose that these processes may underpin the development of drug resistance.
Sex differences in opioid and N -methyl-d-aspartate mediated non-opioid biting fly exposure induced analgesia in deer mice (1998)

There is evidence for sex differences in responses to noxious stimuli and in the expression and mediation of analgesia. In particular, results of investigations with swim stress and the more ethologically appropriate stress of predator odor exposure have suggested sex differences in N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor system involvement in the mediation of analgesia. Whether or not this sex difference generalizes to other environmental stressors is, however, not clear. Biting flies are a natural aversive stimuli commonly encountered by wild and domestic animals and humans. The present study examined the opioid and non-opioid mediated nociceptive (50 degrees C hot plate) responses of reproductive male and female deer mice, Peromyscus maniculatus, exposed to biting fly attack. A 30 min exposure to biting flies (stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.)) elicited a naloxone sensitive, opioid-mediated analgesia that was of a greater magnitude in males than in female deer mice. In contrast, a 5 min exposure to biting flies elicited a 'on-opioid' analgesia that was of similar magnitude in both sexes and insensitive to both naloxone and the specific kappa opiate antagonist, nor-binaltorphimine. In male mice this non-opioid analgesia was antagonised by the competitive NMDA antagonist, NPC 1262, while in reproductive females the biting fly-induced analgesia was insensitive to NPC 12626. These results show that there are sex differences in NMDA involvement in the mediation of the non-opioid analgesia arising from brief exposure to the stress of biting fly attack. These data from a common, natural environmental challenge support the presence of basic sex difference in NMDA involvement in the mediation of stress-induced analgesia.
Effects of delayed treatment with nebracetam on neurotransmitters in brain regions after microsphere embolism in rats (1997)

1. The effects of delayed treatment with nebracetam, a novel nootropic drug, on neurotransmitters of brain regions were examined in rats with microsphere embolism-induced cerebral ischaemia. 2. Cerebral ischaemia was induced by administration of 900 microspheres (48 microns) into the internal carotid artery. The rats with stroke-like symptoms were treated p.o. with 30 mg kg-1 nebracetam twice daily. The levels of acetylcholine, dopamine, noradrenaline, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and their metabolites in the cerebral cortex, striatum and hippocampus of animals with microsphere embolism were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (h.p.l.c.) on the 3rd and 7th days after the operation. 3. Although the microsphere embolism induced significant changes in most of the neurotransmitters and some of their metabolites in the brain regions, the delayed treatment with nebracetam partially restored only the hippocampal 5-HT and the striatal dopamine metabolite contents on the 3rd day. 4. The hippocampal in vivo 5-HT synthesis, but not the striatal dopamine synthesis, was attenuated in rats with microsphere embolism on the 3rd day, but was restored by treatment with nebracetam. In vivo striatal dopamine turnover rate of the rats with microsphere embolism was inhibited on the 3rd day irrespective of treatment with nebracetam. 5. The present study provides evidence for a possible action of nebracetam on 5-HT metabolism in the ischaemic brain.
Macular pigment response to a supplement containing meso-zeaxanthin, lutein and zeaxanthin (2007)

We have shown for the first time that meso-zeaxanthin is absorbed into the serum following ingestion. The data indicate that a supplement containing predominantly meso-zeaxanthin is generally effective at raising macular pigment density, and may turn out to be a useful addition to the defenses against AMD.
5H-Benzo[d]Benzo[4,5]Imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]Thiazine as a Novel Electron-Acceptor Cored High Triplet Energy Bipolar Host Material for Efficient Solution-Processable Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (2020)

Organic entities that can transport electrons are seldom available to develop adequate bipolar host materials applicable for solution-processable thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF)-organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Therefore, the introduction of new electron-affine entities that plausibly demonstrate high triplet energy (ET) is of urgent need. In this contribution, we introduced benzimidazo[1,2-a][3,1]benzothiazine (BBIT) as a novel electron-affine entity and developed two new bipolar host materials, CzBBIT and 2CzBBIT. Both host materials exhibit high ET of 3.0 eV, superior thermal robustness with the thermal decomposition temperature of up to 392 °C, a glass transition temperature of up to 161 °C, and high solubility in common organic solvents. Single-carrier devices evidenced that both the hosts manifest balanced charge-carrier transport properties. Consequently, the solution-processable OLEDs fabricated using a recognized IAcTr-out as the green TADF emitter doped into CzBBIT as the host, realized a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 23.3%, while the 2CzBBIT: IAcTr-out blend film-based device displayed an EQE of 18.7%. These outcomes corroborated that this work could shed light on the scientific community on the design of new electron-affine entities to establish the effective use of bipolar host materials toward proficient solution-processable TADF-OLEDs.
Poly(amidoxime) from Polymer-Grafted Khaya Cellulose: An Excellent Medium for the Removal of Transition Metal Cations from Aqueous Solution (2016)

A free radical chain initiation reaction was exploited to prepare poly(acrylonitrile)-grafted Khaya cellulose. The synthesis of the poly(amidoxime) ligand was also performed using oximation reactions. Transition metal cations formed some complexes with the polymeric ligand. The pH of the solution played an important role in the optical detection of Cu2+ ions. The highest absorbance (approximately 94%) of the [Cu-ligand]n+ complex was at pH 6. The sorption quantity increased with increasing Cu2+ ion concentration, which was reflected by a broad peak at 600 nm that was attributed to the charge transfer (- transition) process. The equilibrium sorption capacity of 282 mg/g, with faster adsorption rates (t1/2 = 8 min), suggested that copper possessed excellent adsorption capacity compared with the other cations (Fe3+, Co3+, Cr3+, Ni2+, and Zn2+). The sorption data for all of the cations followed the Freundlich isotherm model, with a high coefficient of determination, reflecting a heterogeneous sorption process by the cellulose-based, poly(amidoxime) adsorbent. The feasibility for recycling of adsorbent was evaluated by the sorption/ desorption study, and the results suggest that a new type adsorbent can be reused in seven cycles without any significant loss in its original sensing and removal performances.
A classification method of liver tumors based on temporal change of Hounsfield unit in CT images (2005)

We present an automatic diagnosis method of liver cancer by using sequential images with contrast material of dynamic CT. Our method identifies and classifies liver tumors by extracting temporal change of CT values [Hounsfield Unit(HU)] of tumors from four kinds of CT images (i.e. plain CT, early phase, portal phase, late phase of dynamic CT images) in addition to morphological features of tumors. Automatic diagnosis of liver tumors is very difficult, because contrast of liver tumors is very small compared with liver background, shapes of tumors are diverse, and extraction of temporal change of CT values is very difficult due to morphological and contrast complexity of temporal change of tumor segments. Our method extracts temporal change of CT values of objects by mapping segments of same objects in different CT phase based on overlap ratio and position adjustment. We also implemented a graphical user interface for searching such images from an image database that include tumors similar to an image given as a search condition with respect to features of morphorogical and temporal change of contrast.
Assessment of passive cardiovascular implant devices for MRI compatibility (2008)

MRI compatibility is a function of both material composition and device geometry. MR-safe devices are available that provide for reduced image artifacts over stainless-steel devices.
Preparation of 4-Allylisoindoline via a Kumada Coupling with Allylmagnesium Chloride (2010)

A practical, cost-effective Kumada coupling for the preparation of 4-allylisoindoline has been developed. The first catalyst screen for this reaction with allylmagnesium reagents is described. The challenges associated with product isomerization have been minimized by a thorough understanding of the reaction parameters. Additionally, a novel workup protocol has been developed to render Mg salts soluble in aqueous media at pH 10.