gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
STAGED CASCADED FLUIDIZED BED COMBUSTOR (SCFBC) EVALUATION (1987)

The SCFBC is basically a countercurrent contacting unit of downward moving solids with the hot combustion products moving up the stages. Each contacting stage is a shallow fluidized bed providing intimate contact between gas and solids. The design of SCFBC's requires rigorous determination of temperatures, stream flow rates, and heat transfer rates at each stage. The determination is made by solving material balance, energy balance, and appropriate rate equations for each stage. In this work a technical and economic evaluation of the SCFBC is presented. Analysis of an SCFBC producing 75,000 Ib/hr steam at 200psig is presented with respect to its thermal efficiency, carbon combustion efficiency, sulfur capture efficiency, and sorbent utilization. Effects of the Ca/S ratio on the percent sulfur retention, and carbon burnout efficiency, and effects of stack gas temperature on plant thermal efficiency, total capital costs, and unit cost of steam, and effects of boiler size on the total capital cost and on the unit cost of steam are presented. Effects of variations in cost of operating parameters, e.g., water, sorbent, fuel, etc., on the steam cost are discussed.
Deep Inverse Design of Reconfigurable Metasurfaces for Future Communications (2021)

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) have recently received significant attention as building blocks for smart radio environments and adaptable wireless channels. By altering the space- and time-varying electromagnetic (EM) properties, the RIS transforms the inherently stochastic nature of the wireless environment into a programmable propagation channel. Conventionally, designing RIS to yield the desired EM response requires trial-and-error by iteratively investigating a large possibility of various geometries and materials through thousands of full-wave EM simulations. In this context, deep learning (DL) techniques are proving critical in reducing the computational cost and time of RIS inverse design. Instead of explicitly solving Maxwell's equations, DL models learn physics-based relationships through supervised training data. Further, generative adversarial networks are shown to synthesize novel RIS designs not previously seen in the literature. This article provides a synopsis of DL techniques for inverse RIS design and optimization to yield targeted EM response necessary for future wireless networks.
Changing trends in the management of red blood cell alloimmunization in pregnancy. (1994)

New approaches to therapy using preimplantation diagnosis or selective suppression of the maternal immune system appear promising for the future.
1-(1,5-Diphenyl-4-phenylsulfonyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)ethanone (2012)

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C(23)H(18)N(2)O(3)S, contains two mol-ecules with comparable geometries. In one mol-ecule, the pyrazole ring forms dihedral angles of 61.65 (11), 47.88 (11) and 63.20 (14)° with the three benzene rings. The corresponding values for the other mol-ecule are 77.19 (11), 43.55 (11) and 63.56 (15)°. In the crystal, both mol-ecules are linked into inversion dimers by pairs of C-H⋯S hydrogen bonds, generating R(2) (2)(14) loops in each case.
Carbohydrates as Additives for the Formation of Isoporous PS‐b‐P4VP Diblock Copolymer Membranes (2012)

Highly porous polystyrene-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P4VP) diblock copolymer membranes are prepared using carbohydrates as additives. Therefore α-cyclodextrine, α-(D)-glucose, and saccharose (cane sugar) are tested for the membrane formation of three different PS-b-P4VP polymers. The addition of the carbohydrates leads to an increasing viscosity of the membrane solutions due to hydrogen bonding between hydroxyl groups of the carbohydrates and pyridine units of the block copolymer. In all cases, the membranes made from solution with carbohydrates have higher porosity, an improved narrow pore distribution on the surface and a higher water flux as membranes made without carbohydrates with the same polymer, solvent ratio, and polymer concentration.
Characteristics of diffuse hemispheric gliomas, H3 G34-mutant in adults (2021)

Adult DHG H3G34-mutant are associated with distinct characteristics compared to those of established types of adult WHO grade IV gliomas. This study supports considering these tumors as a new type of WHO grade IV glioma in future classifications.
Data-Driven Control for Interlinked AC/DC Microgrids Via Model-Free Adaptive Control and Dual-Droop Control (2015)

This paper investigates the coordinated power sharing issues of interlinked ac/dc microgrids. An appropriate control strategy is developed to control the interlinking converter (IC) to realize proportional power sharing between ac and dc microgrids. The proposed strategy mainly includes two parts: 1) the primary outer-loop dual-droop control method along with secondary control; and 2) the inner-loop data-driven model-free adaptive voltage control. Using the proposed scheme, the IC, just like the hierarchical controlled distributed generator units, will have the ability to regulate and restore the dc terminal voltage and ac frequency. Moreover, the design of the controller is only based on input/output measurement data, but not the model any more, and the system stability can be guaranteed by the Lyapunov method. The detailed system architecture and proposed control strategies are presented in this paper. Simulation and experimental results are given to verify the proposed power sharing strategy.
In vivo systemic toxicity assessment of an oxidized dextrin‐based hydrogel and its effectiveness as a carrier and stabilizer of granular synthetic bone substitutes (2019)

The worldwide incidence of bone disorders is raising, mainly due to aging population. The lack of effective treatments is pushing the development of synthetic bone substitutes (SBSs). Most ceramic-based SBSs commercially available display limited handling properties. Attempting to solve these issues and achieve wider acceptance by the clinicians, granular ceramics have been associated with hydrogels (HGs) to produce injectable/moldable SBSs. Dextrin, a low-molecular-weight carbohydrate, was used to develop a fully resorbable and injectable HG. It was first oxidized with sodium periodate and then cross-linked with adipic acid dihydrazide. The in vivo biocompatibility and safety of the dextrin-based HG was assessed by subacute systemic toxicity and skin sensitization tests, using rodent models. The results showed that the HG did not induce any systemic toxic effect, skin reaction, or genotoxicity, neither impaired the bone repair/regeneration process. Then, the HG was successfully combined with granular bone substitute, registered as Bonelike (250-500 μm) to obtain a moldable/injectable SBS, which was implanted in tibial fractures in goats for 3 and 6 weeks. The obtained results showed that HG allowed the stabilization of the granules into the defect, ensuring effective handling, and molding properties of the formulation, as well as an efficient cohesion of the granules. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 1678-1689, 2019.
Author response: Long term functional plasticity of sensory inputs mediated by olfactory learning (2014)

Associative learning, but not passive odorant exposure, induces a novel long lasting functional plasticity in the periphery of mouse olfactory system, making previously encountered odors easier to detect in the future.
Growth, yield and quality of hydroponically grown tomatoes as affected by different particle sizes of sawdust (2015)

The tomato is one of the most important vegetable crops grown in the South African community. Most hydroponic tomato growers in South Africa are using sawdust as a growing medium due to its availability and affordability. However, there is little or no information on how particle sizes of sawdust influence tomato yield and quality. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of the particle size of sawdust on plant growth, yield and quality of tomato. Six treatments of different particle sizes of sawdust i.e. fine (F), medium (M), coarse (C) and 50:50 ratio of F: M, C: M, and C: F extracted from pine tree were used for the experiment. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. The size of the sawdust particles did not have a significant effect on plant height, stem diameter, leaf length and width, shelf-life, marketable yield, total yield and unmarketable yield. A tendency to increase marketable and total yield was observed when tomato plants were grown at a 50:50 C: F ratio. Fruit and leaf mineral content were not affected by sawdust particle size. After completion of the experiment, air- filled porosity was significantly high on particle size C, M, and C: M while the water holding capacity was significantly high on F followed by M. The study showed that the suitable growth medium for production of tomatoes under the hydroponics system used was the CF particle substrate. Generally, the experimental crop performed better under the CF particle substrate in terms of growth parameters, and fruit quality, thus leading to the conclusion that the CF growth medium is ideal for hydroponically grown tomato under a non-environmentally controlled polytunne
Recent Advances in the Theory and Experiment of Multipactor Suppression (2019)

The secondary electron emission (SEE) from materials used in high power RF devices in space is the main trigger and sustaining mechanism of the resonant avalanche electron discharge known as the multipactor effect. It limits the attainable power of those devices. Methods of improving breakdown thresholds are key challenges in a RF or microwave device operating under vacuum conditions. In this paper, we investigated the history of multipactor phenomenon briefly and introduced two types of multipactor graphically. Next, we summarize the current main methods of multipactor suppression, and give the advantages and disadvantages of various methods. Finally, we survey current theoretical and experimental research on multipactor suppression by surface treatments. These methods may solve the key issues of high-power RF or microwave devices in space application.
Aufgaben und Möglichkeiten der präparativen Strahlenchemie (1957)

Abstract Strahlenquellen ausreichender Leistung ermöglichen heute präparatives Arbeiten. Durch die andersartige und unspezifische Absorption der Energie ionisierender Strahlen ist die Radiations‐Chemie von der Photochemie charakteristisch verschieden. Oft bestehen jedoch enge Beziehungen zwischen Photochemie und Radiations‐Chemie durch prinzipiell gleichartige Zwischenprodukte. Als solche spielen elektronisch angeregte Molekeln (phototrop‐isomere Diradikale) neben Atomen, Radikalen und radikalischen Ionen eine wesentliche Rolle, wie an ausgewählten, vor allem photochemischen Beispielen erläutert wird.
Amorphous V2O5–P2O5 as high-voltage cathodes for magnesium batteries (2015)

A deep investigation of amorphous V2O5-P2O5 powders for magnesium batteries communicates the vital properties to achieving the superior electrochemical performance at a 75 : 25 V2O5 : P2O5 molar ratio. The manipulation of the inter-layer spacing and amorphization of V2O5 can enhance Mg(2+) diffusion and afford a cathode with high-voltage reversibility.
Controlled Synthesis and Novel Solution Rheology of Hyperbranched Poly(urea−urethane)-Functionalized Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes (2007)

Hyperbranched poly(urea−urethane)s (HPU) were covalently grafted onto the surfaces of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) terminated with multihydroxyl groups by a grafting-from technique using one-pot polycondensation of diethanolamine (DEOA) and tolylene 2,4-diisocyanate (TDI). Core−shell nanostructures with MWNT as the hard core and HPU trees as the soft shell were formed after the latter was attached to the former. The grafted-HPU thickness on MWNT could be well-controlled by adjusting the feed ratio of TDI to DEOA. The solution rheology of the HPU-functionalized MWNTs was investigated for the first time by steady shear measurements. Large numbers of proton-donor and proton-acceptor groups were located in the HPU-functionalized MWNT; intra- and intermolecular H-bonds were easily formed by their interactions. At low temperature, shearing forces induce the conversion from intra- to intermolecular H-bonds. Therefore, these solutions exhibited typical shear-thickening behaviors at low shear rates and behaved as Newtonian fluids at high shear rates. At high temperature, H-bonds in the HPU-functionalized MWNT were destroyed, and the packed structures of HPU trees became more loosed. Thereby, the entanglements between two HPU chains, HPU chains and MWNT, and two neighboring MWNTs were formed, which results in an increase in the connectivity and intensity of associated networks with an enhancement in the initial viscosity. With increasing shear rates, disentanglements and orientation of polymer chains and MWNTs lead to shear-thinning at low shear rates and Newtonian behavior at high shear rates. The rheological behaviors of the HPU-functionalized MWNT solutions showed a strong dependence on concentration, temperature, and thermal and shearing prehistory. A mechanism based on H-bond-driven interactions was proposed to account for the novel rheological behaviors of the HPU-functionalized MWNT solutions.
A New Synthesis of Imidazolidin‐2‐ones via Pd‐Catalyzed Carboamination of N‐Allylureas. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Mie scattering and microparticle-based characterization of heavy metal ions and classification by statistical inference methods (2019)

A straightforward method for classifying heavy metal ions in water is proposed using statistical classification and clustering techniques from non-specific microparticle scattering data. A set of carboxylated polystyrene microparticles of sizes 0.91, 0.75 and 0.40 µm was mixed with the solutions of nine heavy metal ions and two control cations, and scattering measurements were collected at two angles optimized for scattering from non-aggregated and aggregated particles. Classification of these observations was conducted and compared among several machine learning techniques, including linear discriminant analysis, support vector machine analysis, K-means clustering and K-medians clustering. This study found the highest classification accuracy using the linear discriminant and support vector machine analysis, each reporting high classification rates for heavy metal ions with respect to the model. This may be attributed to moderate correlation between detection angle and particle size. These classification models provide reasonable discrimination between most ion species, with the highest distinction seen for Pb(II), Cd(II), Ni(II) and Co(II), followed by Fe(II) and Fe(III), potentially due to its known sorption with carboxyl groups. The support vector machine analysis was also applied to three different mixture solutions representing leaching from pipes and mine tailings, and showed good correlation with single-species data, specifically with Pb(II) and Ni(II). With more expansive training data and further processing, this method shows promise for low-cost and portable heavy metal identification and sensing.
Methisoprinol effect on enriched B and T lymphocyte populations stimulated with phytohemagglutinin. (1981)

The Authors investigated the effect of methisoprinol on separated B and T lymphocytes from 8 healthy donors. B or T treated cells, recombined with T or B untreated cells, were subsequently mitogen stimulated. Proliferative response resulted significantly increased, in comparison to a control, when T lymphocytes were preincubated with the drug, while treating only B lymphocytes led to a decrement. These data confirm the hypothesis of a direct action of the drug on T lymphocytes, but are also consistent with its influence on B cells too, even though with an opposite effect.
T057: Circulating tumor DNA in classical Hodgkin lymphoma patients treated with pembrolizumab and chemotherapy: dynamic response assessment and correlation with baseline total metabolic tumor volume (2022)

Figure 1: A: Progression-free survival; B: Scatter-plot demonstrating correlation of baseline TMTV with ctDNA levels; C: Spider-plot of ctDNA levels at various time points during the study color-coded by interim-PET results Introduction: We have previously presented early results of untreated CHL patients treated with concurrent pembrolizumab + AVD (Lynch et al. ASH 2021) which had increased rates of false positive PET/CT results leading to additional scans and/or biopsies. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) may represent a more sensitive and specific method of response assessment. Herein we report updated clinical results with correlation of dynamic ctDNA monitoring as well as data on total metabolic tumor volume (TMTV). Methods: This was a single arm pilot study combining pembrolizumab with AVD in untreated CHL of any stage. Plasma samples were analyzed for ctDNA at baseline, post cycle 1 (if available), post cycle 2, and end of treatment. ctDNA levels were quantified as haploid genome equivalents/mL plasma using CAPP-Seq and PhasED-Seq (Kurtz et al. Nat Biotech 2021). Baseline, post cycle 2, and end of treatment PET/CT were analyzed for TMTV using a threshold based semiautomated technique that included any tumor with standardized uptake value (SUV) above the liver background SUVmax using MIM Encore (version 7.1.3 Cleveland, OH). Results: Among the 30 patients enrolled, 29 are evaluable for response and/or exploratory analysis. With median follow-up of 21 months, 2-year PFS and OS were 97% and 100%, respectively. While 5 patients had residual FDG uptake at EOT, only 1 (20%) has developed recurrent lymphoma. ctDNA data was available for 18 patients. Pretreatment ctDNA levels were significantly correlated with TMTV (RS=0.68, p=0.003). 17/18 patients had detectable ctDNA at baseline and were therefore evaluable for MRD assessment. Among 8 PET2+ patients, only 1 patient had detectable ctDNA, and ctDNA became undetectable by the end of treatment. Importantly, of these 8 patients, none have relapsed. Only 1/9 (11%) patients who were PET2- had detectable ctDNA after 2 cycles, and the cancer ultimately recurred. At EOT for those who received > 2 cycles, 2/14 had detectable ctDNA (one CHL relapse, one with secondary DLBCL 11 months later). ctDNA analyses for the remaining patients are in process and will be presented at the meeting. Conclusion: Concurrent pembrolizumab + AVD represents highly effective frontline therapy for CHL, but results in spurious PET findings in a significant proportion of patients despite most patients having undetectable ctDNA and no relapse. ctDNA may represent a more sensitive and specific response assessment tool to be studied in larger datasets.
Atypical diffusion tensor hemispheric asymmetry in autism (2010)

In the STG, we find reversed hemispheric asymmetry of two separable measures of directional diffusion coherence, tensor skewness, and fractional anisotropy. In autism, tensor skewness is greater on the right and fractional anisotropy is decreased on the left. We also find increased diffusion parallel to white matter fibers bilaterally. In the right not left TS, we find increased omnidirectional, parallel, and perpendicular diffusion. These six multivariate measurements possess very high ability to discriminate individuals with autism from individuals without autism with 94% sensitivity, 90% specificity, and 92% accuracy in our original and replication samples. We also report a near-significant association between the classifier and a quantitative trait index of autism and significant correlations between two classifier components and measures of language, IQ, and adaptive functioning in autism.
Self-assembly patterning for sub-15nm half-pitch: a transition from lab to fab (2011)

Directed self-assembly is an emerging technology that to-date has been primarily driven by research efforts in university and corporate laboratory environments. Through these environments, we have seen many promising demonstrations of forming self-assembled structures with small half pitch (&lt;15 nm), registration control, and various device-oriented shapes. Now, the attention turns to integrating these capabilities into a 300mm pilot fab, which can study directed selfassembly in the context of a semiconductor fabrication environment and equipment set. The primary aim of this study is to create a 300mm baseline process of record using a 12nm half-pitch PS-b-PMMA lamellae block copolymer in order to establish an initial measurement of the defect density due to inherent polymer phase separation defects such as dislocations and disclinations.
Using Lifetime-Aware Progressive Programming to Improve SLC NAND Flash Memory Write Endurance (2013)

This paper advocates a lifetime-aware progressive programming concept to improve single-level per cell NAND flash memory write endurance. NAND flash memory program/erase (P/E) cycling gradually degrades memory cell storage noise margin, and sufficiently strong fault tolerance must be used to ensure the memory P/E cycling endurance. As a result, the relatively large cell storage noise margin in early memory lifetime is essentially wasted in conventional design practice. This paper proposes to always fully utilize the available cell storage noise margin by adaptively adjusting the number of storage levels per cell, and progressively use these levels to realize multiple 1-bit programming operations between two consecutive erase operations. This simple progressive programming design concept is realized by two different implementation strategies, which are discussed and compared in detail. On the basis of an approximate NAND flash memory device model, we carried out simulations to quantitatively evaluate this design concept. The results show that it can improve the write endurance by 35.9% and in the meanwhile improve the average programming speed by 12% without sacrificing read speed.
A Human Platelet Receptor Protein Microarray Identifies the High Affinity Immunoglobulin E Receptor Subunit α (FcεR1α) as an Activating Platelet Endothelium Aggregation Receptor 1 (PEAR1) Ligand * (2015)

Genome-wide association studies to identify loci responsible for platelet function and cardiovascular disease susceptibility have repeatedly identified polymorphisms linked to a gene encoding platelet endothelium aggregation receptor 1 (PEAR1), an "orphan" cell surface receptor that is activated to stabilize platelet aggregates. To investigate how PEAR1 signaling is initiated, we sought to identify its extracellular ligand by creating a protein microarray representing the secretome and receptor repertoire of the human platelet. Using an avid soluble recombinant PEAR1 protein and a systematic screening assay designed to detect extracellular interactions, we identified the high affinity immunoglobulin E (IgE) receptor subunit α (FcεR1α) as a PEAR1 ligand. FcεR1α and PEAR1 directly interacted through their membrane-proximal Ig-like and 13th epidermal growth factor domains with a relatively strong affinity (KD ∼ 30 nm). Precomplexing FcεR1α with IgE potently inhibited the FcεR1α-PEAR1 interaction, and this was relieved by the anti-IgE therapeutic omalizumab. Oligomerized FcεR1α potentiated platelet aggregation and led to PEAR1 phosphorylation, an effect that was also inhibited by IgE. These findings demonstrate how a protein microarray resource can be used to gain important insight into the function of platelet receptors and provide a mechanistic basis for the initiation of PEAR1 signaling in platelet aggregation.