gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Properties of face localizer activations and their application in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) fingerprinting (2019)

Functional localizers are particularly prevalent in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies concerning face processing. In this study, we extend the knowledge on face localizers regarding four important aspects: First, activation differences in occipital and fusiform face areas (OFA/FFA) and amygdala are characterized by increased activation while precuneus and medial prefrontal cortex show decreased deactivation to faces versus control stimuli. The face-selective posterior superior temporal sulcus is a hybrid area exhibiting increased activation within its inferior and decreased deactivation within its superior part. Second, the employed control stimuli can impact on whether a region is classified in group analyses as face-selective or not. We specifically investigated this for recently described cytoarchitectonic subregions of the fusiform cortex (FG-2/FG-4). Averaged activity across voxels in FG-4 was stronger for faces than objects, houses, or landscapes. In FG-2, averaged activity was only significantly stronger in comparison with landscapes, but small peaks within this area were detected for comparison versus objects and houses. Third, reproducibility of individual peak activations is excellent for right FFA and quite good for right OFA, whereas within all other areas it was too low to provide valid information on time-invariant individual peaks. Finally, the fine-grained spatial activation patterns in right OFA and FFA are both time-invariant within each individual and sufficiently different between individuals to enable identification of individual participants with near-perfect precision (fMRI fingerprinting).
Yield improvement by wafer edge engineering (1995)

Improvements in defect reduction of semiconductor processes and equipment have realized higher wafer sorts yield but have typically limited analysis and inspection of the edge of wafers by several millimeters. Sort yield on production wafers has been observed to be reduced by glass flaking and other undesired structures created on wafer edges which defect inspection typically excludes and process equipment overlooks their effect. We have taken a systematic approach to characterize integrated wafer edge processing such as size and tolerance of clamping during film deposition and plasma etching. Characterization of wafer edge processing is further refined through the use of process simulations. This modeling allows for predictive effects of changes in edge schemes as well as effects of gradual process equipment deviations such as varying clamp size during target lifetime in PVD equipment. By characterizing and modeling wafer edge processing we are able to circumvent defects that are generated by processing conditions unlike what is called for by design rules.
Direct estimation of regional lung volume change from paired and single CT images using residual regression neural network (2023)

Convolutional neural networks can be used to directly predict local tissue mechanics, eliminating the need for computationally expensive image registration. Networks that use paired CT images acquired at TLC and FRC allow for more accurate prediction of local tissue expansion compared to networks that use a single image. Networks that only require a single input image still show promising results, particularly after correcting for effort, and allow for local tissue expansion estimation in cases where multiple CT scans are not available. For single-input networks, the FRC image is more predictive of local tissue volume change compared to the TLC image.
Cell population migration cycle and response to environmental pH in Bacillus subtilis (2020)

Abstract Microbial populations are ubiquitous and some form a robust, multicellular structure called biofilm that protects the cells from environmental damage. The dispersion cycle is critical for controlling the population of important target microbes (both pathogenic and beneficial). Here, we show that the hysteresis of Bacillus subtilis cell-type regulation with respect to auto-inducing signal strength triggers the migration cycle of the cell population. We investigate migration cycle and its dependence on environmental conditions by quantitative analysis of cyclically expanding, concentric circular colonies. Next, we construct an input/output model that controls cell types in response to environmental conditions and signal density. On the basis of this model, we propose a migration cycle model for cell populations. The proposed model will widely predict biofilm-related phenomena and provide the basis for the description of highly self-regulating multicellular systems. Highlights We study concentric colonies of B. subtilis that embody the migration cycle. External pH changes the proportion of migration and growth phases in the cycle. We propose a model of cell and cell population type regulation. Hysteresis in the model can explain the concentric pattern formation mechanism. The model predicts cell population regulation in response to the environment.
Steady Nonsymmetrical Gravity Waves with Shear in Water (1999)

A new type of steady two‐dimensional inviscid gravity wave with shear is computed numerically. These waves appear at relatively low amplitudes and lack symmetry with respect to any crest or trough. A boundary integral formulation is used to obtain a one‐parameter family of nonsymmetrical solutions through a symmetry‐breaking bifurcation.
NOVEL TECHNIQUE OF ENDOSCOPIC SUBMUCOSAL DISSECTION USING AN EXTERNAL GRASPING FORCEPS FOR SUPERFICIAL GASTRIC NEOPLASIA (2009)

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for early stage gastric cancer (EGC) has improved the success rate of en bloc resection but results in perforation more often than does endoscopic mucosal resection. We report a novel technique of ESD using an external grasping forceps. A total of 265 lesions with EGC or gastric adenoma were enrolled in this study. Sixteen lesions were located in the upper third portion of the stomach, 114 in the middle third portion, and 135 in the lower third portion. After submucosal injection followed by circumcision of the lesions with a flex knife, the external grasping forceps was introduced with the help of a second grasping forceps and anchored at the margin of the lesion. Oral traction applied with this forceps could elevate the lesion and make the submucosal layer wider and more visible, thereby facilitating dissection of the submucosal layer under direct vision. The mean lesion size was 15.0 mm (range: 5-50 mm). All but 11 lesions (95.8%) could be resected en bloc with free margins. Mean procedure time was 45 min (range: 20-180 min). It was difficult to carry out this procedure when the lesions were located in the cardia, lesser curvature, or posterior wall of the upper third of the gastric body. Bleeding after ESD occurred in 10 patients (3.8%) and perforation occurred in one patient (0.4%). The endoscopic submucosal dissection using an external grasping forceps for superficial gastric neoplasia is efficacious and safe.
Primary Lymphoma of the Prostate: Good Outcome with Doxorubicin-Based Combination Chemotherapy (1995)

Primary lymphoma of the prostate was diagnosed in 3 patients corresponding to 0.1% of those with previously untreated lymphoma and 0.09% of those with previously untreated prostatic malignancy presenting to our cancer center between January 1, 1980 and December 31, 1993. All 3 patients had prostatism at presentation that caused renal failure in 2. After treatment with doxorubicin-based combination chemotherapy appropriate for the stage and the specific histological subtype, all 3 patients achieved a complete remission and remained free of disease after a minimum followup of 3 years. Our results suggest that primary prostatic lymphoma is not necessarily associated with a poor outcome. Review of the literature suggests that the poor prognosis reported for prostatic lymphoma might be explained by treatment that was acceptable at the time but would be considered suboptimal by current criteria. We recommend thorough staging in all patients with prostatic lymphoma and treatment with a doxorubicin-based regimen according to disease stage and histological classification.
Development of SSQ Based 157nm Photoresist (2003)

Lowering absorbance of functional SSQ resists at 157 nm continues to be a challenging task. In the previous report, we showed the absorbance data and lithographic performance of several different SSQ platforms developed at JSR [1]. Two new SSQ platforms (σ and π) which showed improved absorbance value were reported in this article. New σ type and π type resist showed 157 nm absorbance value of 1.76 μm-1 and 1.62 μm-1 respectively. The absorbance value of π type polymer was as low as 1.19 μm-1. These improved resists also showed great lithographic properties. σ type resist is capable of resolving 55 nm 1:1 L/S with square profile using 0.85 NA tool. Integration aspects of this bilayer system were also presented.
ChemInform Abstract: CHEMICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH ON PYRAN DERIVATIVES. NOTE VII. DERIVATIVES OF NAPHTHO(1′,2′‐5,6)PYRANO(2,3‐C)PYRAZOLE AND 12H‐NAPHTHO(1′,2′‐5,6)PYRANO(2,3‐D)PYRIMIDINE (1977)

Abstract Durch Umsetzung der Naphtho‐pyrane (I) mit Dimethylformamid/Phosphoroxichlorid werden die Aldehyde (II) erhalten, die mit Hydrazinen oder Amidinen, wie im Formelschema ausgeführt wird, unter Ankondensation eines weiteren heterocyclischen Ringes reagieren.
Acute pharmacodynamic responses to exenatide: Drug-induced increases in insulin secretion and glucose effectiveness (2023)

American Diabetes Association (1-16-ICTS-112); National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease (R01DK130238, T32DK098107, P30DK072488).
Millimeter wave micro-CPW integrated antenna (1996)

This paper presents the latest result of applying the microstrip's leaky mode for a millimeter-wave active integrated antenna design. In contrast to the use of the first higher-order leaky mode, the second higher-order leaky mode, the second higher-order leaky mode of even symmetry is employed in the new approach, which allows larger dimension for leaky-wave antenna design and thereby reduces its performance sensitivity to the photolithographic tolerance. The new active integrated antenna operating at frequency about 34 GHz comprises of a microstrip and a coplanar waveguide stacked on top of each other, named as the millimeter wave micro-CPW integrated antenna. The feed is through the CPW that would be connected to the active uniplanar millimeter-wave (M)MIC's. Our experimental and theoretical investigations on the new integrated antenna show good input matching characteristics for such a highly directed leaky-wave antenna with the first-pass success.
Parsing parallel grammatical representations (1998)

Traditional accounts of quantifier scope employ qualitative constraints or rules to account for scoping preferences. This paper outlines a feature-based parsing algorithm for a grammar with multiple simultaneous levels of representation, one of which corresponds to a partial ordering among quantifiers according to scope. The optimal such ordering (as well as the ranking of other orderings) is determined in this grammar not by absolute constraints, but by stochastic heuristics based on the degree of alignment among the representational levels. A Prolog implementation is described and its accuracy is compared with that of other accounts.
The Thin Pili of Acinetobacter sp. Strain BD413 Mediate Adhesion to Biotic and Abiotic Surfaces (2006)

Two structurally different appendages, thin and thick pili, are found in members of the genus Acinetobacter. The presence of pilus structures correlates with different phenotypes, such as adherence to surfaces, a trait not only observed in pathogenic Acinetobacter species, as well as motility. However, their distinct individual roles were unknown. To characterize the role of different pili in the physiology of Acinetobacter, we isolated the thin pili from the cell surface of Acinetobacter sp. strain BD413 (recently recognized as representative of Acinetobacter baylyi), a soil bacterium that rapidly takes up naked DNA from its environment. Electron microscopy revealed that the pilus has an external diameter of 2 to 3 nm for single filaments. The filaments are packed into right-handed bundles. The major protein constituting the pilus was purified, and the encoding gene, acuA, was cloned. AcuA was found to be weakly related to the structural subunit of F17 pili of Escherichia coli. Analyses of the acuA flanking DNA region led to the identification of three closely associated genes, acuD, acuC, and acuG, whose deduced proteins are similar to chaperone, usher, and adhesin of F17-related pili, respectively. Transcriptional analyses revealed that acuA expression is maximal in the late-stationary-growth phase. Mutation of acuA led to a loss of thin pili and concomitantly loss of adhesion to polystyrene and erythrocytes but not loss of competence. Therefore, thin pili of Acinetobacter sp. strain BD413 are suggested to be assembled by the chaperone/usher pathway and are involved in adherence to biotic and abiotic surfaces.
Understanding the Apparent Charge Density Dependence of Mobility and Lifetime in Organic Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells (2014)

Energetic disorder in organic semiconductors leads to strong dependence of recombination kinetics and mobility on charge density. However, observed mobilities and reaction orders are normally interpreted assuming uniform charge carrier distributions. In this paper, we explore the effect of the spatial distribution of charge on the determination of mobility and recombination rate as a function of average charge density. Since the spatial gradient changes when the thickness of a device is varied, we study thickness series of two different polymer:fullerene systems and measure the charge density dependence of mobility and lifetime. Using simulations, we can show that the high apparent reaction orders frequently observed in the literature result from the spatial gradient of charge density at open circuit. However, the mobilities, measured at short circuit, are less affected by the gradients and therefore may show substantially different apparent charge density dependence than the recombination constants, especially for small device thicknesses.
Abstract 2207: Significant Impact of the Total Cavopulmonary Connection Resistance on Cardiac Output and Exercise Performance in Single Ventricles (2007)

Introduction: The resistance of the total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC) in single ventricle (SV) circulation has long been hypothesized as a critical contributing factor to their diminished exercise capacity. We investigate this hypothesis using a lumped parameter (LP) model coupled with cardiac catheterization (cath) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Methods: SV pulmonary vascular resistance (1.80 ± 0.83 WU) and systemic vascular resistance (18.4 ± 7.2 WU) were obtained from cath data on 48 pts with a TCPC. TCPC resistances (0.55 ± .24 WU, min=0.24, max = 0.93) were established from CFD simulations (n=13) and in vitro experiments (n=8) conducted on anatomically accurate TCPC models from MRI. Resistance and compliance values for the normal pediatric circulation were obtained from the literature. These values were then used in a LP model developed for both the normal and SV circulation. Results: For a biventricular circulation, the cardiac output (CO) dependence on resistance is negligible, but not for the SV circulation (Fig 1a ). Capacity to increase CO with heart rate is also severely reduced for the SV. At a simulated exercise HR of 140 beats per minute, the SV patient with the highest resistance (0.93 WU) had a significantly lower increase in cardiac output (22%) when compared to an SV patient with the lowest resistance (26%) and the normal circulation (67%) (Fig 1b ). Conclusion: Hemodynamic energy cascade in a SV circulation should not be judged by stereotypes of biventricular circulation. The impact of TCPC surgical pathway resistance on cardiac output at rest and exercise was significantly higher on SVs compared to biventricular circulation. Figure 1. Impact of TCPC resistance in single ventricle vs. normal circulation, specifically (a) resting cardiac output, and (b) exercise cardiac output
Zero-permission acoustic cross-device tracking (2018)

Adversaries today can embed tracking identifiers into ultrasonic sound and covertly transmit them between devices without users realizing that this is happening. To prevent such emerging privacy risks, mobile applications now require a request for an explicit user permission, at run-time, to get access to a device's microphone. In this paper, however, we show that current defenses are not enough. We introduce a novel approach to acoustic cross-device tracking, which does not require microphone access, but instead exploits the susceptibility of MEMS gyroscopes to acoustic vibrations at specific (ultrasonic) frequencies. Currently, no permissions are needed to access the gyroscope's data, and the gyroscope can be accessed from apps or even from a web browser. In this manner, gyroscopes in modern smartphones and smartwatches can be used as zero-permission receivers of ultrasonic signals, making cross-device tracking completely unnoticeable to users. We evaluate our approach on several mobile devices using different audio hardware, achieving 10-20bit/s transmission bandwidth at distances from 35cm to 16m in realistic attack scenarios. Finally, we discuss potential countermeasures against the presented attack.
Ancillary service details: Voltage control (1997)

Voltage control is accomplished by managing reactive power on an alternating-current power system. Reactive power can be produced and absorbed by both generation and transmission equipment. Reactive-power devices differ substantially in the magnitude and speed of response and in their capital costs. System operators, transmission owners, generators, customers, power marketers, and government regulators need to pay close attention to voltage control as they restructure the U.S. electricity industry. Voltage control can affect reliability and commerce in three ways: (1) Voltages must be maintained within an acceptable range for both customer and power-system equipment to function properly. (2) The movement of reactive power consumes transmission resources, which limits the ability to move real power and worsens congestion. (3) The movement of reactive power results in real-power losses. When generators are required to supply excessive amounts of reactive power, their real-power production must be curtailed. These opportunity costs are not currently compensated for in most regions. Current tariffs are based on embedded costs. These embedded-cost tariffs average about $0.51/MWh, equivalent to $1.5 billion annually for the United States as a whole. Although this cost is low when compared with the cost of energy, it still aggregates to a significant amount of money. This report takes a basic look at why the power system requires reactive power (an appendix explains the fundamentals of real and reactive power). The report then examines the various types of generation and transmission resources used to supply reactive power and to control voltage. Finally it discusses how these resources are deployed and paid for in several reliability regions around the country. As the U.S. electricity industry is restructured, the generation, transmission, and system-control equipment and functions that maintain voltages within the appropriate ranges are being deintegrated.
Comment on the quantum nature of angular momentum using a coupled-boson representation (2005)

A simple approach for understanding the quantum nature of angular momentum and its reduction to the classical limit is presented based on Schwinger's coupled-boson representation. This approach leads to a straightforward explanation of why the square of the angular momentum in quantum mechanics is given by j(j+1) instead of just j^2, where j is the angular momentum quantum number.
Single-wavelength based rice leaf color analyzer for nitrogen status estimation (2013)

With the need of a tool for efficient nitrogen (N) fertilizer management in the rice field, this paper proposes a low-cost compact single-wavelength based colorimeter that can be used to indicate the specified six color levels of a rice leaf associated with the desired amount of N fertilizer for the rice field. Our key design is in a reflective optical architecture that allows us to investigate the amount of light scattered from only one side of the rice leaf. We also show how we implement this needed rice leaf color analyzer by integrating an off-the-shelf 562-nm wavelength light emitting diode (LED), a silicon photodiode, an 8-bit microcontroller, and a 6×1 LED panel in a compact plastic package. Field test results in rice fields confirm that leaf color levels of 1, 2, 3, 5, and 6 are effectively identified and their corresponding amount of N fertilizer can be determined. For the leaf color level of 4, our single-wavelength based rice leaf color analyzer sometimes indicates a higher color level of 5 whose suggested amount of N fertilizer is equal to that for the leaf color level of 4. Other key features include ease of use and upgradability for different color levels.
Actions to improve quality: results from a national hospital survey (2021)

Hospitals reported widespread adoption of QI changes in response to CMS quality measurement and reporting. Higher QI adoption rates were associated with modestly higher process, patient experience, and overall performance composite scores.
Distinct efficacy of HIV-1 entry inhibitors to prevent cell-to-cell transfer of R5 and X4 viruses across a human placental trophoblast barrier in a reconstitution model in vitro (2008)

Our results support further evaluation of HIV-1 coreceptor antagonists, alone or combined to other antiretrovirals, in a perspective of prevention but warn on the use of T20 in patients bearing X4 HIV-1 at risk of transmission.
Trepanations and Pseudotrepanations: Evidence of Cranial Surgery from Prehistoric and Early Historic Ireland Barra Ó Donnabhain (2003)

Trepanations1 have been reported in human skeletal remains recovered from archaeological contexts in Ireland since the 1920s (Walmsley, 1923). Although the current location of a few of the older finds is uncertain, most of the 10 possible cases reported between the 1920s and 1992 (Buckley and Ó Donnabháin, 1992) were curated and are available for re-evaluation. Since the early 1990s, the curation and analysis of human remains from all archaeological sites in the Republic of Ireland have been mandatory (Buckley et al., 1999). As a result of this development, the number of trepanations reported in the Irish archaeological literature has almost doubled and now stands at 18. Although this is partly a function of the higher levels of archaeological excavation in Ireland in recent decades, there can be little doubt that the archaeological visibility of trepanation has improved now that all human remains recovered during excavations are analysed by personnel with bioarchaeological training.