gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Robust Procedure for Removing Background Damage in Assays of Radiation-Induced DNA Fragment Distributions (2006)

Ponomarev, A. L., Belli, M., Hahnfeldt, P. J., Hlatky, L., Sachs, R. K. and Cucinotta F. A. A Robust Procedure for Removing Background Damage in Assays of Radiation-Induced DNA Fragment Distributions. Radiat. Res. 166, 908–916 (2006).The non-random distribution of DNA breakage in PFGE (pulsed-field gel electrophoresis) experiments poses a problem of proper subtraction of the background DNA damage to obtain a fragment-size distribution due to radiation only. A naive bin-to-bin subtraction of the background signal will not result in the right DNA mass distribution histogram. This problem could become more pronounced for high-LET (linear energy transfer) radiation, because the fragment-size distribution manifests a higher frequency of smaller fragments. Previous systematic subtraction methods have been based on random breakage, appropriate for low-LET radiation. Moreover, an investigation is needed to determine whether the background breakage is itself random or non-random. We consider two limiting cases: (1) the background damage is present in all cells, and (2) it is present in only a small subset of cells, while other cells are not contributing to the background DNA fragmentation. We give a generalized formalism based on stochastic processes for the subtraction of the background damage in PFGE experiments for any LET and apply it to two sets of PFGE data for iron ions.
Iterative MIMO Turbo Multiuser Detection and Equalization for STTrC-Coded Systems with Unknown Interference (2004)

Iterative multiuser detection in a single-carrier broadband multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system is studied in this paper. A minimum mean squared error (MMSE) low-complexity multiuser receiver is derived for space-division multiple-access (SDMA) space-time trellis-coded (STTrC) systems in frequency-selective fading channels. The receiver uses MMSE filtering to jointly detect several transmit antennas of the user of interest, while the interference from the undetected transmit antennas, cochannel interference (CCI), and intersymbol interference (ISI) are all cancelled by the soft cancellation. The performances of two extreme receiver cases are evaluated. In the first case, only one transmit antenna of the user of interest is detected at a time and the remaining ones are cancelled by soft cancellation. In the second case, all the transmit antennas are detected jointly. The comparison of the two cases shows improvement with the latter one, both in single-user and multiuser communications and in the presence of unknown cochannel interference (UCCI). It is further shown that in the multiuser case, the proposed receivers approach the corresponding single-user bounds. The number of receive antenna elements required to achieve single-user bound is thereby equal to the number of users and not to the total number of transmit antennas.
Type 1 Diabetic Drivers With and Without a History of Recurrent Hypoglycemia–Related Driving Mishaps (2010)

Findings support the speculation that there is a subgroup of type 1 diabetic drivers more vulnerable to experiencing hypoglycemia-related driving mishaps. This increased vulnerability may be due to more symptom "noise" (more symptoms during euglycemia), making it harder to detect hypoglycemia while driving; possibly greater carbohydrate utilization, rendering them more vulnerable to experiencing hypoglycemia; less hormonal counterregulation, leading to more profound hypoglycemia; and more neuroglycopenia, rendering them more vulnerable to impaired driving.
Feasibility of using polypropylene ground cover upon consideration of long-term responses of sweet cherry nutrition and profitability (2012)

The impacts of synthetic polypropylene ground cover in the row area of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) trees (‘Regina’/’Gisela 6’) on soil nutrient availability, tree mineral nutrition and productivity, and economic returns were investigated on a Van Horn fine sandy loam soil at Hood River OR, from 2000 to 2007. Treatments included 2.44-m wide synthetic fabric ground cover made of black, woven poly-propylene over the row area of cherry trees (woven fabric), and no ground cover but with herbicide applications in the row area with the same width as the polypropylene ground cover (herbicide strip) – standard industry practice. This article reports the plant nutrition and soil fertility results of 2006 and 2007 and profitability and feasibility results of 2000 to 2007. Tree leaf nitrogen (N) concentrations were significantly higher with 9 to 14% increases using woven fabric compared with herbicide strip in 2006 and 2007. However, leaf sulfur (S) concentrations were significantly lowered with woven fabric in the two seasons. Woven fabric resulted in fruit with comparable quality and possible greater storability under enhanced fruit yields than herbicide strip in both years. Woven fabric was more profitable than herbicide strip based on an additional net present value of $2,606 ha-1 by the end of this study. Woven fabric had annual gross returns greater than annual costs in the fourth year after planting by $8,181 ha-1 relative to herbicide strip, and had cumulative net returns greater than total costs of all previous years in the sixth year after planting by $17,796 ha-1 over herbicide strip. However, to establish a sweet cherry orchard with woven fabric, the grower would spend an additional $4,332 ha-1 over herbicide strip. In conclusion, woven fabric is a profitable and sustainable in-row ground management alternative to herbicide strip for orchards from a long-term perspective.
Exact Simulation and Sensitivity Analysis of Multiplexing Networks (1986)

This paper presents a novel approach to the simulation and sensitivity analysis of multiplexing networks. All computations are performed efficiently utilizing the concept of forward and reverse analysis which is elegant and effective in cascaded circuit analysis. Formulas are derived for such responses as input or output reflection coefficient, common port and channel output port return losses, insertion loss, gain slope, and group delay. Exact sensitivities w.r.t. all variables of interest, including frequency, are evaluated. The fundamental assumption is that the transmission matrices for the individual components of the network and their sensitivities w.r.t. possible variables inside them are available. An explicit algorithm is provided describing the details of the computational aspects of our theory. The formulas are applied to the optimal design of practical contiguous or noncontiguous band multiplexer consisting of multicavity filters distributed along a waveguide manifold. An example of optimizing a practical 12 channel, 12-GHz contiguous band multiplexer without dummy channels, which is the state-of-the-art structure used as the output multiplexer in satellite transponders, is presented.
Investigational therapeutics targeting the IL-4/IL-13/STAT-6 pathway for the treatment of asthma (2010)

Asthma is a complex, persistent, inflammatory disease characterised by airway hyperresponsiveness in association with airway inflammation. Studies suggest that regular use of high-dose inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting bronchodilators or omalizumab (a humanised monoclonal antibody that binds to immunoglobulin E and is often used as next-step therapy) may not be sufficient to provide asthma control in all patients, highlighting an important unmet need. Interleukin-4, interleukin-13, and the signal transducer and activator of transcription factor-6 are key components in the development of airway inflammation, mucus production, and airway hyperresponsiveness in asthma. Biological compounds targeting these molecules may provide a new therapeutic modality for patients with uncontrolled severe asthma. The purpose of this review is to summarise current studies of compounds targeting the interleukin-4/interleukin-13 pathway and to provide a rationale for the development of such compounds for this use.
Altered expression of alpha E beta 7 integrin on intra-epithelial and lamina propria lymphocytes in patients with Crohn's disease. (1998)

The observed changes of alpha E beta 7 integrin expression in CD patients versus controls are of pathogenic relevance, especially the decreased expression of alpha E beta 7 in IEL of non-inflamed CD mucosa. This may be one of the earliest events in the pathogenesis of this disease.
Layered cathode materials for lithium ion rechargeable batteries (2023)

A number of materials with the composition Li.sub.1+xNi.sub..alpha.Mn.sub..beta.Co.sub..gamma.M'.sub..delta.O.sub.2-- zF.sub.z (M'=Mg,Zn,Al,Ga,B,Zr,Ti) for use with rechargeable batteries, wherein x is between about 0 and 0.3, .alpha. is between about 0.2 and 0.6, .beta. is between about 0.2 and 0.6, .gamma. is between about 0 and 0.3, .delta. is between about 0 and 0.15, and z is between about 0 and 0.2. Adding the above metal and fluorine dopants affects capacity, impedance, and stability of the layered oxide structure during electrochemical cycling.
Preliminary Notes on Pepper Hybrids (1912)

Preliminary Notes on Pepper Hybrids Get access Herbert J. Webber Herbert J. Webber Ithaca, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Heredity, Volume os-7, Issue 1, January 1912, Pages 188–199, https://doi.org/10.1093/jhered/os-7.1.188 Published: 01 January 1912
The Structure of Hydroxylysine (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Structure of HydroxylysineJohn C. Sheehan and William A. BolhoferCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1950, 72, 6, 2469–2472Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01162a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01162a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views239Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. VON FLUOR‐DERIVATEN VON HOEHEREN NATUERLICHEN STERINEN (1971)

Abstract Das Tosylat (Ib) von β‐Sitosterin (Ia) wird nach üblicher Methode in das Cyclosterin (II) übergefuhrt, das mit wäßriger HF das 3β‐Fluor‐Derivat (III) liefert (40% Ausbeute).
Probing magnetic properties of STT-MRAM devices down to sub-20 nm using spin-torque FMR (2017)

Scaling STT-MRAM cells beyond 1X technology nodes will require MTJ devices smaller than 30 nm. For such small sizes, process-induced damage becomes a primary factor of device performance. A robust method of assessing magnetic properties of sub-30 nm devices is thus needed. Here we report measurements of the anisotropy field H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">K</sub> down to 20 nm devices using ST-FMR. We show that H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">K</sub> increases for decreasing sizes. The interfacial anisotropy field exceeds 23 kOe, leading to Hk larger than 13 kOe for 20 nm devices under optimal process conditions. Using insight from micromagnetic simulations, we develop a simple model to fit Hk size dependence, allowing us to quantify magnetic edge damage for various process conditions.
Effect of Concomitant Disease-modifying Antirheumatic Drugs and Methotrexate Administration Route on Biologic Treatment Durability in Rheumatoid Arthritis: OBRI Cohort Results (2019)

Concomitant csDMARD use was associated with a significantly lower hazard for bDMARD discontinuation due to AE among patients with RA followed in routine clinical practice in Ontario, Canada. Neither MTX route of administration nor dose were significant predictors of bDMARD durability.
An abundant hydrophobin (ABH1) forms hydrophobic rodlet layers in Agaricus bisporus fruiting bodies (1996)

The SDS-insoluble protein fraction of Agaricus bisporus fruiting bodies was solubilized with trifluoroacetic acid. On SDS-PAGE this fraction was found to contain one abundant protein with an apparent M(r) of 16 kDa. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of this protein was determined and RT-PCR used to isolate a cDNA clone which upon sequencing identified the protein as a typical class I hydrophobin (ABH1). The gene (ABH1) was isolated and sequenced, and a second hydrophobin gene (ABH2) was found about 2.5 kbp downstream of ABH1. Purified ABH1 self-assembled at hydrophobic-hydrophilic interfaces, producing the typical rodlet layer known from other hydrophobins. Similar rodlets were observed on the surface of the fruiting body, while immunological localization showed the hydrophobin to be particularly abundant at the outer surface of fruiting bodies, in the veil and in the core tissue of the stipe. Transcripts of ABH1 were found only in fruiting-body hyphae. The ABH1 hydrophobin is probably solely responsible for the hydrophobicity of the fruiting-body surface but may also line air channels within fruiting bodies.
Twisted Strings-based Elbow Exoskeleton (2013)

This paper presents a new concept of a 1-DOF elbow exoskeleton driven by a twisted strings-based actuator. A novel joint actuation mechanism is proposed and its kinematic model is presented along with its experimental evaluation, and guidelines on how to choose the strings suitable for such an exoskeleton are given. We also proposed and experimentally verified a human intention detection method which takes advantage of intrinsic compliance of the mechanism. The study showed that the developed twisted strings-driven elbow exoskeleton is light, compact and have a high payload-to-weight ratio, which suggests that the device can be effectively used in a variety of haptics, teleoperation, and rehabilitation applications.
Cardioprotection: endogenous protective mechanisms promoted by prostacyclin (1991)

Evidence is accumulating that acute stress situations such as ischemia, adrenergic dominance, and ouabain intoxication enhance production of endogenous substances (PgI2, adenosine, NO) which may protect the myocardium from harmful consequences of these stress situations. PgI2 and its stable analogue 7-oxo-PgI2 exert an early direct- and induce a delayed indirect antiischemic, antiarrhythmic, and cytoprotective effect. The direct action is shortlasting; it protects from myocardial ischemia and arrhythmias, at least partly, by its vasodilating, antiaggregatory, and "membrane-stabilizing" effects. The delayed, long-lasting PgI2-induced protection from postocclusion, reperfusion- and ouabain-arrhythmias is dose- (optimal 50 micrograms/kg) and time- (optimal 48 h after treatment) dependent. Its mechanism is probably based on a 7-oxo-PgI2 induced increase in the activity of Na/K-ATP-ase, and further, on a reduced sensitivity to beta-adrenergic agonists and to changes at the cardiac membrane level, resulting in a prolongation of the action potential duration and the effective refractory period.
Control of the polarity of molecular-beam-epitaxy-grown GaN thin films by the surface nitridation of Al2O3 (0001) substrates (2002)

The nitridation of Al2O3 (0001) substrate surfaces by radio-frequency nitrogen plasma has been investigated. A 1.5-nm-thick surface nitride layer occurred for 100 min nitridation at high substrate temperature, while the nitridation appeared to be limited to a surface atomic plane at low temperature. In-plane lattice constant relaxation was observed in both cases. A high nitridation temperature resulted into a Ga face and a low temperature to N-face polarity of overgrown GaN films. However, low temperature nitridation and an AlN buffer layer also produced a Ga-face polarity. The results are consistent with low formation energy of AlN/sapphire films with Ga-face polarity.
Preliminary Findings on the Use of Targeted Therapy with Pazopanib and Other Agents in Combination with Sodium Phenylbutyrate in the Treatment of Glioblastoma Multiforme (2014)

The most common and aggressive type of brain tumor is glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). The prognosis for GBM remains poor with a five-year survival rate between 1% and 2%. The prospects for patients with recurrent GBM (RGBM) are much worse, with the majority dying within 6 months. This publication provides a brief description of the treatment of 11 GBM patients treated with sodium phenylbutyrate (PB) in combination with pazopanib, m-TOR inhibitors, and other agents. The treatment was associated with tolerable side effects and resulted in objective responses in 54.5% of cases (complete response 18.2%, partial response 36.3%) and 27.3% cases of stable disease. The preferable treatment regimen consisted of PB, pazopanib, dasatinib, everolimus, and bevacizumab (BVZ). For various reasons not all patients were compliant with the treatment regimen. In patients who strictly complied with the treatment plan, all responded as CR or PR. Based on preliminary findings, the authors propose further phase I/II clinical trials with PB in combination with pazopanib, dasatinib, everolimus, and BVZ in patients with RGBM who failed standard surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. With proper dose reductions, the treatment appears to be well-tolerated. Molecular profiling of patient subgroups with favorable genomic signatures may help to select patients for future studies.
Investigation of the effects of pulse width modulation on the laser sintering of LATP for all-solid-state batteries (2022)

Abstract Inorganic solid electrolytes are the most important component for realizing all-solid-state batteries with lithium metal anodes and enable safe battery cells with high energy densities. Their synthesis and processing are the subject of current research, especially the NASICON-type Li 1+x AlxTi 2-x (PO 4 ) 3 (LATP). Herein, the ability of sintering with electro-magnetic irradiation is investigated and correlated with different properties of prepared LATP pellets. First of all, an infrared camera records the temperature of the surface during the treatment. Second, the effect of the pulse fluence is investigated in terms of the topology and morphology of the pellets. Here, the arithmetic surface roughness Ra is the main parameter. Then, the depth of the radiation interaction in the pellet is measured. The focus of this paper is on the different pulse widths of the laser sources, and therefore, similar pulse and hatch overlap ensure equivalent areal energy input in both cases. As a summarized result, treatment with a shorter pulse width generates high peak pulse powers, resulting in higher temperatures, rougher surfaces and affecting deeper layers of the pellets compared to treatment with longer pulse width. On the contrary, excessive power leads to the ablation of the material up to destruction.
Probing Charge Separation in Structurally Different C60/exTTF Ensembles (2003)

The scope of the present work is to highlight the effects stemming from different C60/exTTF linkages (exTTF = 9,10-bis(1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene)-9,10-dihydroanthracene)-either via an anthracene unit or a dithiole ring. Particular emphasis is placed on photoinduced electron-transfer features. Therefore, we devised a new series of C60-exTTF ensembles, synthesized via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition and Diels-Alder cycloaddition reactions, in which exTTF units are separated from C60 by two single bonds (3a-c, 4), one vinylene unit (5a), or two vinylene units (5b). The cyclic voltammetry reveals an amphoteric redox behavior with remarkably strong electron-donor ability of the trimethyl-substituted exTTF moiety in 4 and 5a,b. Steady-state and time-resolved photolytic techniques show that the fullerene singlet excited state in (3a-c, 4, and 5a,b) is subject to a rapid electron-transfer quenching. The resulting charge-separated states, that is C60*(-)-exTTF*+, were identified by transient absorption spectroscopy. We determined radical pair lifetimes of the order of 200 ns in benzonitrile. This suggests (i) that the positive charge of the exTTF*+ is delocalized over the entire donor rather than localized on one of the 1,3-dithiole rings and (ii) that linking exTTF via the anthracene or 1,3-dithiole ring has no appreciable influence. Increasing the donor-acceptor separation via implementing one or two vinylene units as spacers led to improved radical pair lifetimes (5a: tau = 725 ns; 5b: tau = 1465 ns).
Evanescent excitation and collection of spontaneous Raman spectra using silicon nitride nanophotonic waveguides (2014)

We experimentally demonstrate the use of high contrast, CMOS-compatible integrated photonic waveguides for Raman spectroscopy. We also derive the dependence of collected Raman power with the waveguide parameters and experimentally verify the derived relations. Isopropyl alcohol (IPA) is evanescently excited and detected using single-mode silicon-nitride strip waveguides. We analyze the measured signal strength of pure IPA corresponding to an 819 cm⁻¹ Raman peak due to in-phase C-C-O stretch vibration for several waveguide lengths and deduce a pump power to Raman signal conversion efficiency on the waveguide to be at least 10⁻¹¹ per cm.
Inhibition of the thermally driven B to Z transition by intercalating drugs (1986)

Poly(dG-m5dC) in phosphate buffer containing 50 mM NaCl and Mg2+ will undergo a reversible thermally driven conversion from the B to the left-handed Z conformation. The temperature at the midpoint of the thermally driven B to Z transition (denoted Tz) is dependent upon the total Mg2+ concentration, with [d(1/Tz)]/(d ln [Mg]) = 0.0134 K-1. The Mg2+ concentration at the midpoint of the equilibrium B to Z transition curve, denoted [Mg]1/2, is dependent on temperature, with (d ln [Mg]1/2)/(d ln T) = -1.02. Binding of the anticancer drug daunomycin to the polymer results in a pronounced increase in Tz, dependent on the molar ratio of added drug. Tz is increased by 71.9 degrees C with nearly saturating amounts of drug bound. Transition profiles are biphasic at less than saturating amounts of bound drug. By experiments monitoring such biphasic curves at a visible wavelength sensitive to the binding of daunomycin, it may be demonstrated that no drug is released until the later phase of the transition. These results are analogous to the effects of intercalating drugs on the thermal denaturation of DNA and indicate that drug molecules preferentially interact with B-form DNA and are redistributed to regions in the B conformation over the course of the transition. Comparative studies show that some intercalators stabilize right-handed DNA more effectively than others. At similar initial binding ratios, the following order, from most to least effective, was experimentally observed: actinomycin greater than daunomycin greater than ethidium greater than proflavin.