gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reconstruction of oversampled band-limited signals from ΣΔ encoded binary sequences (1994)

Considers the application of /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulators to analog-to-digital conversion. The authors have previously shown that for constant input signals, optimal nonlinear decoding can achieve large gains in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) over linear decoding. The present paper shows a similar result for band-limited input signals. The new nonlinear decoding algorithm is based on projections onto convex sets (POCS), and alternates between a time-domain operation and a band limitation to find a signal invariant under both. The time-domain operation results in a quadratic programming problem. The band limitation can be based on singular value decomposition of a certain matrix. The authors show simulation results for the SNR performance of a POCS-based decoder and a linear decoder for the single loop, double loop and two-stage /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulators and for a specific fourth-order interpolative modulator. Depending on the modulator and the oversampling ratio, improvements in SNR of up to 10-20 dB can be achieved.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Improvement of mechanical properties of In-48mass%Sn solder by Ag and Cu addition (2016)

In a lead-free reflow soldering process, it is important to reduce the reflow temperature for low-heat-resistance devices such as optical devices that include organic material. We focused on In-48mass%Sn solder for optical device assembly since the melting point of the solder can be dramatically reduced to 117°C. However, InSn eutectic solder is considered to have poor mechanical properties. Thus, we investigated the effect of adding Ag and Cu to InSn-eutectic solder to improve the mechanical properties. Consequently, it was found that adding Ag and Cu to In-48mass%Sn solder improves both mechanical strength and ductility of the solder and causes AgIn <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> to disperse by being partially substituted by Cu in the solder.
Detection and recognition of sports(wo)men from multiple views (2009)

The methods presented in this paper aim at detecting and recognizing players on a sport-field, based on a distributed set of loosely synchronized cameras. Detection assumes player verticality, and sums the cumulative projection of the multiple views' foreground activity masks on a set of planes that are parallel to the ground plane. After summation, large projection values indicate the position of the player on the ground plane. This position is used as an anchor for the player bounding box projected in each one of the views. Within this bounding box, the regions provided by mean-shift segmentation are sorted out based on contextual features, e.g. relative size and position, to select the ones that are likely to correspond to a digit. Normalization and classification of the selected regions then provides the number and identity of the player. Since the player number can only be read when it faces towards the camera, graph-based tracking is considered to propagate the identity of a player along its trajectory.
Bamboo-like Chained Cavities and Other Halogen-Bonded Complexes from Tetrahaloethynyl Cavitands with Simple Ditopic Halogen Bond Acceptors (2017)

Halogen bonding provides a useful complement to hydrogen bonding and metal-coordination as a tool for organizing supramolecular systems. Resorcinarenes, tetrameric bowl-shaped cavitands, have been previously shown to function as efficient scaffolds for generating dimeric capsules in both solution and solid-phase, and complicated one-, two-, and three-dimensional frameworks in the solid phase. Tetrahaloethynyl resorcinarenes (bromide and iodide) position the halogen atoms in a very promising “crown-like” orientation for acting as organizing halogen-bond donors to help build capsules and higher-order networks. Symmetric divalent halogen bond acceptors including bipyridines, 1,4-dioxane, and 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane are very promising halogen bond accepting partners for creating these systems. This report describes the complex structures arising from combining these various systems including self-included dimers, herringbone-packed architectures enclosing medium (186 Å3) cavities, and a very intriguing bamboo-like one-dimensional rod with large (683 Å3) cavities between adjacent dimeric units. These various structures, all organized through host–host, host–acceptor, and host–solvent interactions highlight the emergent complexity of these types of complexes. As halogen bonds are weaker than hydrogen-bonds, the resulting architectures are harder to predict, and these results provide additional insight into the parameters requiring consideration when designing crystalline supramolecular systems using halogen-bonds as the core organizing principle.
Sensitive Cells in Light of the Fact that on its Surface Film (2021)

Neurons are known as sensitive cells in light of the fact that on its surface film there are a wealth of proteins known as particle channels that permit little charged particles to pass all through the cell. The design of the neuron permits substance data to be gotten by its dendrites, spread through the perikaryon (cell body) and down its axon, and in the end giving to different neurons through its axon terminal. These voltage-gated particle channels consider fast depolarization all through the cell.
On Stable Multi-Agent Behavior in Face of Uncertainty (2013)

A stable joint plan should guarantee the achievement of a designer's goal in a multi-agent environment, while ensuring that deviations from the prescribed plan would be detected. We present a computational framework where stable joint plans can be studied, as well as several basic results about the representation, verification and synthesis of stable joint plans.
[Central dopaminergic function in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP): II. Effects of chronic treatment with lisuride on the impaired swimming ability]. (1982)

Eight month-old SHRSP were treated s.c. with lisuride (50 micrograms/kg per day) for 5 weeks to examine the effect of the central dopaminergic agonist on the deterioration of swimming ability that occurred and progressed under persistent hypertension. General observations on signs and symptoms and histopathological examinations were also carried out with the same rats to evaluate the drug effect on the deterioration of hypertensive symptoms. The poor swimming performance of hypertensive SHRSP was improved significantly by the direct action of lisuride with a maximal effect at the 2nd week of the treatment, although the progress of the deterioration itself was not prevented by the chronic treatment. One week after the drug treatment, 2 out of 8 rats in the control group but none in the lisuride-treated group exhibited the abnormal behavior with aggressiveness, a typical sign of the occurrence of cerebrovascular lesions. Furthermore, macroscopic and histopathological examinations carried out 2 weeks after the drug treatment revealed that severities of the histopathological lesions such as myocardiac necrosis and arteriolosclerosis in the kidney, adrenal and testis were significantly lower in the lisuride-treated group than in the control.
Alleviating marching modulus in silica-filled tread compounds (2020)

Marching modulus in vulcanisation of rubber compounds is undesired, since it causes the final properties of the vulcanizates to be instable. This characteristic exhibits a gradual increase in modulus due to a continuous occurrence of the crosslinking reaction, leading to problems in indicating the optimum cure time of a compound. In silica-filled SBR/BR tread compounds including a silane coupling agent, marching modulus is occurring to various degrees depending on the quality of mixing of the compounds. This presentation reviews the factors contributing to the marching modulus with suggestions how to alleviate this phenomenon.
Baseline Susceptibility to Bacterial Insecticides in Populations of <I>Culex pipiens</I> Complex (Diptera: Culicidae) from California and from the Mediterranean Island of Cyprus (2001)

Bacterial insecticides play an increasingly important role in mosquito control. To establish guidelines for detecting resistance at an early stage, information on natural variation in susceptibility of insect populations to these insecticides is needed. Between 1990 and 1993, the susceptibility of Culex pipiens L. complex to Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis de Barjac and/or Bacillus sphaericus Neide was determined in 31 collections from California. These collections were undertaken before the widespread use of B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis and before the registration of B. sphaericus in California. Seven collections from the Mediterranean island of Cyprus, where no microbial insecticides have been used, also were tested. The 1990-1991 California collections exhibited limited variation in susceptibility to B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. LC50 and LC95 values spanned about a three-fold and four-fold range, respectively. The 1993 Cyprus collections exhibited both higher mean LC values, and greater variability in those values, than the California collections. The LC50s for the Cyprus collections varied over a 10-fold range, whereas the LC50s varied over a 12.5-fold range. Variation in susceptibility to B. sphaericus among the 1991 California collections was about five-fold at the LC50 and LC95. No significant geographic variation in susceptibility to B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis was observed among regions within California. Although variation in susceptibility was limited among California collections, the greater variability observed among the Cyprus collections and between the Cyprus and California collections illustrates the importance of establishing regional baselines to monitor accurately for changes in susceptibility.
Recombinant gp350 Vaccine for Infectious Mononucleosis: A Phase 2, Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Safety, Immunogenicity, and Efficacy of an Epstein‐Barr Virus Vaccine in Healthy Young Adults (2007)

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00430534.
Measurement and Modeling of Drop Absorption Time for Various Ink-Receiver Systems (2002)

An ink jet instrument was used to measure the drop absorption time of various ink-receiver systems. The drop absorption time is defined as the time required for the receiver to completely absorb the impinging ink drop, i.e., the drop totally penetrates into the receiver and disappears from the receiver surface. The instrument consists of a piezo printhead with drive electronics, a stage for receiver support, a strobe light, a CCD camera, imaging optics, and image capture system. The drops ejected from the printhead have a volume of about 25 pL and a velocity of about 5 m/sec. The receivers used in the measurements include both non-porous and porous receivers. Results indicate that nonporous receivers with swellable polymeric coatings have much longer drop absorption time (&gt;30 sec) than those receivers with porous coatings (&#x223C;33-100 msec). The difference in drop absorption time between non-porous and porous receivers can be ascribed to the basic difference in the physical mechanisms of ink penetration into the receiver, i.e., diffusion of ink in the polymeric receiver versus capillary flow of ink in the porous receiver. Based on these physical phenomena, simple one-dimensional models have been developed to describe the drop absorption process in the non-porous and porous receivers. The dependence of drop absorption time on the volume of ink drop and physical properties of ink, such as viscosity and surface tension, and receiver, such as diffusion coefficient and porosity, was also derived. Comparison of model results with experimental data are presented and discussed.
Providing heterogeneous multicast services with AMnet (2001)

AMnet is a framework for flexible and rapid service creation and provides primarily heterogeneous user-tailored group communication services. AMnet is based on Active and Programmable Networking technologies and uses active nodes (AMnodes) located within the network to execute so-called service modules for the provision of individual group communication services. It is, however, not limited to group communication since it provides a rather generic framework. The AMnode design is shaped for the efficient execution of flexible loadable service modules, including dedicated hardware support.
Experimental transfer of torque induced by localized polarization of radially polarized vector beams to anisotropic microparticles (2007)

Polarization-induced torque of a radially polarized beam is investigated on anisotropic micro-particles. Radially polarized beams possess full cylindrical symmetry; therefore, any line drawn from the beam axis to the circumference contains identical polarization vectors, acting locally as linearly polarized. It is experimentally observed that anisotropic microparticles experience an aligning torque by the localized segment of the radially polarized beam, setting it to rotate around the beam axis. The rotation of the particle thus enables the mapping of the localized electric vector distribution of radially polarized beams.
Adenoviral vector with shield and adapter increases tumor specificity and escapes liver and immune control (2018)

Most systemic viral gene therapies have been limited by sequestration and degradation of virions, innate and adaptive immunity, and silencing of therapeutic genes within the target cells. Here we engineer a high-affinity protein coat, shielding the most commonly used vector in clinical gene therapy, human adenovirus type 5. Using electron microscopy and crystallography we demonstrate a massive coverage of the virion surface through the hexon-shielding scFv fragment, trimerized to exploit the hexon symmetry and gain avidity. The shield reduces virion clearance in the liver. When the shielded particles are equipped with adaptor proteins, the virions deliver their payload genes into human cancer cells expressing HER2 or EGFR. The combination of shield and adapter also increases viral gene delivery to xenografted tumors in vivo, reduces liver off-targeting and immune neutralization. Our study highlights the power of protein engineering for viral vectors overcoming the challenges of local and systemic viral gene therapies.
A high definition Mueller polarimetric endoscope for tissue characterisation (2016)

The contrast mechanism of medical endoscopy is mainly based on metrics of optical intensity and wavelength. As another fundamental property of light, polarization can not only reveal tissue scattering and absorption information from a different perspective, but can also provide insight into directional tissue birefringence properties to monitor pathological changes in collagen and elastin. Here we demonstrate a low cost wide field high definition Mueller polarimetric endoscope with minimal alterations to a rigid endoscope. We show that this novel endoscopic imaging modality is able to provide a number of image contrast mechanisms besides traditional unpolarized radiation intensity, including linear depolarization, circular depolarization, cross-polarization, directional birefringence and dichroism. This enhances tissue features of interest, and additionally reveals tissue micro-structure and composition, which is of central importance for tissue diagnosis and image guidance for surgery. The potential applications of the Mueller polarimetric endoscope include wide field early epithelial cancer diagnosis, surgical margin detection and energy-based tissue fusion monitoring, and could further benefit a wide range of endoscopic investigations through intra-operative guidance.
Acupuncture for Chronic Low Back Pain: Recommendations to Medicare/Medicaid from the Society for Acupuncture Research (2019)

This column takes our series from the Society for Acupuncture Research (SAR) in a new direction. Recently, the U.S. government's Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) issued a call for public comment related to the government's exploration of inclusion of acupuncture and licensed acupuncturists in federal payment schemes. The decision of SAR's research leaders to engage with policymakers is forward thinking, especially as much dialogue and many research needs related
A probable case of anti-NMDAR encephalitis from 1830 (2020)

This issue of N2 highlights the diversity of autoimmune disorders that affect the nervous system. Whether you are interested in T–cell- or B–cell-mediated disorders or prefer white matter or gray matter, you will likely find an article of interest. In addition for the medical sleuths among our readers, we have the likely resolution of a 190-year-old unresolved diagnosis.
<title>Investigation Of A Video Frame Averaging Digital Subtraction Fluoroscopic System</title> (1981)

A digital subtraction fluoroscopic (DSF) system with two video processors in series has been analyzed and evaluated clinically. In this system the initial processor operates simultaneously in an averaging and differencing mode, resulting in an output that is the difference between the most recent input video frame and an exponentially weighted average of preceeding frames. The content in this processor&apos;s memory (the mask image) is continually upgraded by each incoming frame or, alternatively, frozen in time by the operator. The second processor averages the difference image output from the first unit. A continuous, real-time, noise reduced subtraction sequence is viewed on a monitor and stored on an analog disc recorder. A video tape recorder preserves raw data and permits retrospective viewing of an injection sequence using different processor settings.
On a method of higher approximation and stability criterion for steady oscillations in nonlinear systems. (1985)

任意の自由度を有する非線形系の定常振動解を高精度で計算するために,調和バランス法を適用し,その手順の一部を利用して安定判別を行う新しいアルゴリズムを提案し,複素フーリエ級数を用いて理論展開を簡潔明快に整理した.計算例としてDuffingの方程式(漸硬ばね)の主共振の詳細と,2~9次高調波共振の存在を明らかにし,偶数次高調波共振の分岐発生域(奇数次調波解の不安定域)4個を系のパラメータ3個により表示した.
Implant isolation and dry etching of InN (2002)

Smooth, anisotropic dry etching of InN layers is demonstrated in low pressure (1-30 Torr) CH/sub 4H/sub 2/, Cl/sub 2H/sub 2/ or CCl/sub 2/F/sub 2Ar Electron Cyclotron Resonance discharges with additional dc biasing of the sample. Increasing the applied microwave power produces significant enhancements in etch rate. The presence of H/sub 2/ or F/sub 2/ in the gas chemistries is necessary to facilitate equi-rate removal of the group III and nitrogen etch products, leading to smooth surface morphologies. F/sup +/ implantation at doses of /spl sim/10/sup 15/ cm/sup -2/ produces sheet resistances >5/spl times/10/sup 3/ /spl Omega/spl square/ in initially degenerately n/sup +/(4/spl times/10/sup 20/ cm/sup -3/) InN, and values >10/sup 6/ /spl Omega/spl square/ in lower-doped (/spl les/3/spl times/10/sup 19/ cm/sup -3/) ternary alloys InGaN and InAlN.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
High levels of IgA in HIV‐1‐perinatally‐infected children. Antigen specificity and possible role of increased substance P plasma levels (1994)

The specificity of IgA against food, inhalant, bacterial and fungine antigens as well as for HIV-1 proteins was investigated in 14 HIV-1-infected children (CDC stage P-2) and 15 controls. IgA against food- and inhalant antigens as well as against tetanus toxoid were significantly more often present in the HIV positive children than in controls. No difference between the two groups was present for IgA against Candida albicans. A significant increase of substance P, a strong IgA synthesis inducing neuropeptide, was demonstrated in the plasma of HIV-1 infected children. In conclusion, high levels of IgA seem to reflect a complex immune dysfunction in which many factors are involved. The importance of neuroimmune dysregulation is discussed.
On the role of eye contact in gaze cueing (2018)

Most experimental protocols examining joint attention with the gaze cueing paradigm are "observational" and "offline", thereby not involving social interaction. We examined whether within a naturalistic online interaction, real-time eye contact influences the gaze cueing effect (GCE). We embedded gaze cueing in an interactive protocol with the iCub humanoid robot. This has the advantage of ecological validity combined with excellent experimental control. Critically, before averting the gaze, iCub either established eye contact or not, a manipulation enabled by an algorithm detecting position of the human eyes. For non-predictive gaze cueing procedure (Experiment 1), only the eye contact condition elicited GCE, while for counter-predictive procedure (Experiment 2), only the condition with no eye contact induced GCE. These results reveal an interactive effect of strategic (gaze validity) and social (eye contact) top-down components on the reflexive orienting of attention induced by gaze cues. More generally, we propose that naturalistic protocols with an embodied presence of an agent can cast a new light on mechanisms of social cognition.
<title>Book Reviews</title> (1987)

This is another useful book in the Springer Series in Optical Sciences. It contains discussions of grating formation and detection, the phenomena that can be probed with grating techniques, and a large number of applications such as real-time holography, phase conjugation, and four-wave mixing. As is often the case with multiple-author books, some subjects are treated more than once, style and notation vary from section to section*there is a useful symbol index, however, so that multiple use of the same symbol is not especially confusing), and the authors' specialties receive more comprehensive treatment than some other subjects.
A Markov Chain Approximation for American Option Pricing in Tempered Stable-GARCH Models (2016)

This paper considers the American option pricing problem under the stochastic volatility models. In particular, we introduce the GARCH model with two heavy-tailed distributions: classical tempered stable (CTS) and normal tempered stable (NTS) distribution. Then we apply the Markov chain approach to compute the prices of American style options under these two models. Minimal entropy provides a convenient way to construct equivalent martingale measure (EMM) and allows us to overcome the difficulties in incorporating the Markov chain approximation. The convergence of the approximation is also proved. Both numerical and empirical results are analyzed to show the advantages and drawbacks of our approach.
Primary malignant lymphoma of the intestine (1995)

Primary intestinal lymphoma is uncommon but not rare. Its pathology and potential therapy are complex. Its epidemiology has changed radically over the past century, reflecting a sharp surge in the incidence of intestinal lymphoma, particularly that associated with immunosuppression. Recent advances in diagnosis, a new approach to pathologic classification by immunotyping, and a new staging system have influenced therapy. New multimodal therapeutic protocols have improved the prognosis of this once deadly disease.
[Advances in the research of modulation of dermal collagen fibrin assembly by decorin]. (2015)

Formation of dermal collagen fiber is a complicated and sequential process with the progressive assembly of collagen. Collagen monomers form stepped and orderly protofibrils through longitudinal displacement. Subsequently, protofibrils or protofibrils and collagen are bonded by covalent bonds to form orderly lamellar structure of collagen fibers. Then collagen fibers are tightly wound into coarse collagen fiber bundles by covalent crosslinking. Decorin is a multifunctional small leucine-rich proteoglycan. It can prevent the aggregation of protofibrils by binding to the specific site of collagen with its core protein, and adjusting the spacing between the protofibrils with its glycosaminoglycan chain. Thus, by effecting the formation of collagen fibers with regulation of collagen assembly, decorin may help prevent scar formation and even promote regeneration.