gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analyse par CFD du comportement de gouttes d'un pulvérisateur pendant l'application de pesticides sur orangers (2015)

Durante la aplicación de fitosanitarios en cultivos arbóreos sólo una fracción del caldo pulverizado alcanza la vegetación objetivo. El resto se pierde por deriva, escorrentía, etc. Estas pérdidas suponen un riesgo para el medio ambiente y las personas. Conocer a dónde se dirigen y dónde se depositan las gotas puede ayudar a mejorar la eficiencia de la maquinaria, mejorar las aplicaciones y reducir éstas pérdidas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue simular mediante CFD el movimiento y deposición de las gotas pulverizadas con un turboatomizador durante los tratamientos fitosanitarios en cítricos. Para ello se realizó una simulación basada en un modelo euleriano-lagrangiano, que incluía tanto un modelo de las corrientes de aire generadas por el equipo, como el viento atmosférico, además del comportamiento individual de las gotas. Se representó la evolución de las partículas a lo largo de la simulación y se cuantificó la parte que se perdía en la atmósfera y la que se depositaba en la vegetación o en el suelo. Los resultados predijeron que el 33% de las gotas se depositó en el árbol objetivo, el 27% se evaporaron o se escaparon del dominio por encima de los 5m, el 15% se depositaron en el suelo o abandonaron el dominio por debajo de los 5 m y el 25% restante se depositó en los árboles de la segunda y tercera fila. El tamaño de las gotas va disminuyendo en el tiempo, de ahí que en cada destino predominen gotas de diferente tamaño, por ejemplo, en el árbol objetivo las gotas eran mayores que las que se perdían por deriva. Por tanto, los porcentajes de caldo respecto al total pulverizado fueron: el 44% terminó en el árbol objetivo, el 28% en los árboles adyacentes, el 20% en el suelo y un 8% se perdió como deriva.
Reliable analysis of settling errors in SC integrators - application to high-speed low-power ΣΔ modulators design (1999)

Comunicacion presentada al XIV Design of Circuits and Integrated Systems Conference celebrado en Palma de Mallorca (Spain) en Noviembre de 1999.
Efficient Quantized Sparse Matrix Operations on Tensor Cores (2022)

The exponentially growing model size drives the continued success of deep learning, but it brings prohibitive computation and memory cost. From the algorithm perspective, model sparsification and quantization have been studied to alleviate the problem. From the architecture perspective, hardware vendors provide Tensor cores for acceleration. However, it is very challenging to gain practical speedups from sparse, low-precision matrix operations on Tensor cores, because of the strict requirements for data layout and lack of support for efficiently manipulating the low-precision integers. We propose Magicube, a high-performance sparse-matrix library for low-precision integers on Tensor cores. Magicube supports SpMM and SDDMM, two major sparse operations in deep learning with mixed precision. Experimental results on an NVIDIA A100 GPU show that Magicube achieves on average 1.44x (up to 2.37x) speedup over the vendor-optimized library for sparse kernels, and 1.43x speedup over the state-of-the-art with a comparable accuracy for end-to-end sparse Transformer inference.
Evolutionary programming techniques for constrained optimization problems (1997)

Two evolutionary programming (EP) methods are proposed for handling nonlinear constrained optimization problems. The first, a hybrid EP, is useful when addressing heavily constrained optimization problems both in terms of computational efficiency and solution accuracy. But this method offers an exact solution only if both the mathematical form of the objective function to be minimized/maximized and its gradient are known. The second method, a two-phase EP (TPEP) removes these restrictions. The first phase uses the standard EP, while an EP formulation of the augmented Lagrangian method is employed in the second phase. Through the use of Lagrange multipliers and by gradually placing emphasis on violated constraints in the objective function whenever the best solution does not fulfill the constraints, the trial solutions are driven to the optimal point where all constraints are satisfied. Simulations indicate that the TPEP achieves an exact global solution without gradient information, with less computation time than the other optimization methods studied here, for general constrained optimization problems.
Atomistic study of hetero-phase, semi-coherent interfaces between immiscible metals : The cases of AgCu and CuW. (2016)

International audience
Nonanamorphic imaging with three conic mirrors (2002)

Design methods are described for unobstructed, plane-symmetric systems composed of three conic mirrors. Low order imaging constraints (including the requirement of nonanamorphism) are used to reduce the dimensionality of the configuration space. Examples are presented.
Mimicking phosphorylation of αB-crystallin affects its chaperone activity (2006)

AlphaB-crystallin is a member of the sHsp (small heat-shock protein) family that prevents misfolded target proteins from aggregating and precipitating. Phosphorylation at three serine residues (Ser19, Ser45 and Ser59) is a major post-translational modification that occurs to alphaB-crystallin. In the present study, we produced recombinant proteins designed to mimic phosphorylation of alphaB-crystallin by incorporating a negative charge at these sites. We employed these mimics to undertake a mechanistic and structural investigation of the effect of phosphorylation on the chaperone activity of alphaB-crystallin to protect against two types of protein misfolding, i.e. amorphous aggregation and amyloid fibril assembly. We show that mimicking phosphorylation of alphaB-crystallin results in more efficient chaperone activity against both heat-induced and reduction-induced amorphous aggregation of target proteins. Mimick-ing phosphorylation increased the chaperone activity of alphaB-crystallin against one amyloid-forming target protein (kappa-casein), but decreased it against another (ccbeta-Trp peptide). We observed that both target protein identity and solution (buffer) conditions are critical factors in determining the relative chaperone ability of wild-type and phosphorylated alphaB-crystallins. The present study provides evidence for the regulation of the chaperone activity of alphaB-crystallin by phosphorylation and indicates that this may play an important role in alleviating the pathogenic effects associated with protein conformational diseases.
The cytochrome c peroxidase-cytochrome c electron transfer complex. The role of histidine residues. (1984)

The histidine-selective reagent diethyl pyrocarbonate and dye-sensitized photooxidation have been used to study the functional role of histidines in cytochrome c peroxidase. Of the 6 histidines in cytochrome c peroxidase, 5 are modified by diethyl pyrocarbonate at alkaline pH and 4 by photooxidation. The sixth histidine serves as the proximal heme ligand and is unavailable for reaction. Both modification reactions result in the loss of enzymic activity. However, photooxidized peroxidase retains its ability to react with H2O2 and to form a 1:1 cytochrome c peroxidase-cytochrome c complex. It is, therefore, concluded that the extra histidine modified by diethyl pyrocarbonate is the catalytic site distal histidine, His 52. In the presence of cytochrome c, no enzymic activity is lost by photooxidation and a single histidine, His 181, is protected from oxidative destruction. This finding provides strong support for the hypothetical model of the cytochrome c peroxidase-cytochrome c complex in which His 181 lies near the center of the intermolecular interface where it seems to provide an important link in the electron transfer process.
2448. In vitro Activity of Ceftazidime–Avibactam Against Enterobacteriaceae Causing Intra-abdominal, Urinary Tract and Lower Respiratory Tract Infections Collected in Latin America as Part of the INFORM Global Surveillance Program, 2012–2016 (2018)

The dissemination of multi-drug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (MDR Eba) threatens the treatment of Gram-negative infections. Ceftazidime–avibactam (CAZ-AVI) is a novel antimicrobial with activity against Eba producing Class A, C and some Class D β-lactamases. This study evaluates the in vitro activity of CAZ-AVI against Eba isolates from urinary tract infections (UTI), intra-abdominal infections (IAI) and lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) gathered in Latin America (LA) from 2012 to 2016. A total of 7,037 non-duplicate Eba were collected from UTI, IAI, or LRTI in 26 sites in 6 countries in LA, as a part of the INFORM surveillance study from 2012 to 2016. Susceptibility testing was by broth microdilution using CLSI 2018 breakpoints. CAZ-AVI was tested with a fixed concentration of 4 µg/mL avibactam. Meropenem nonsusceptibility prompted β-lactamase screening by PCR and sequencing. CAZ-AVI demonstrated potent in vitro activity against Eba from UTIs, IAIs and LRTIs (99.6%, 99.8%, and 99.5% susceptible, respectively). CAZ-AVI was active against colistin-resistant and MDR Eba as well as meropenem-non-susceptible Eba not encoding metallo-β-lactamases (96.5%, 98.4% and 99.4% susceptible, respectively) (table). Infection source: UTI, urinary tract; IAI, intra-abdominal tract; LRTI, lower respiratory tract. CAZ-AVI, ceftazidime–avibactam; CAZ, ceftazidime; MEM, meropenem; CST, colistin; MDR, multidrug-resistant; MBL, metallo-β-lactamase; NS, non-susceptible; R, resistant. aExcludes Proteeae and Serratia spp; CST breakpoints are by EUCAST 2018. bMDR, resistant to agents from ≥3 classes. Infection source: UTI, urinary tract; IAI, intra-abdominal tract; LRTI, lower respiratory tract. CAZ-AVI, ceftazidime–avibactam; CAZ, ceftazidime; MEM, meropenem; CST, colistin; MDR, multidrug-resistant; MBL, metallo-β-lactamase; NS, non-susceptible; R, resistant. aExcludes Proteeae and Serratia spp; CST breakpoints are by EUCAST 2018. bMDR, resistant to agents from ≥3 classes. CAZ-AVI exhibited potent in vitro activity against Eba from UTIs, IAIs and LRTIs isolated in Latin America from 2012 to 2016 and provides a vital alternative to colistin and meropenem when MBLs are not present. M. Estabrook, Pfizer, Inc.: Consultant, Consulting fee. IHMA, Inc.: Employee, Salary. K. Kazmierczak, Pfizer Inc.: Consultant, Consulting fee. IHMA, Inc.: Employee, Salary. G. G. Stone, Pfizer Inc.: Employee, Salary. AstraZeneca: Former Employee and Shareholder, Salary. D. Sahm, Pfizer Inc.: Consultant, Consulting fee. IHMA, Inc.: Employee, Salary.
Low cardiopulmonary bypass perfusion temperatures are associated with acute kidney injury following coronary artery bypass surgery (2009)

Lower CPB perfusion temperatures are significantly associated with AKI following CABG. In addition to the known age-related decline in renal function, it appears that hypothermia may contribute to renal injury during cardiac surgery.
Validar: A Testbed for Advanced 2-Micron Doppler Lidar (2004)

High-energy 2-microns lasers have been incorporated in a breadboard coherent Doppler lidar to test component technologies and explore applications for remote sensing of the atmosphere. Design of the lidar is presented including aspects in the laser transmitter, receiver, photodetector, and signal processing. Sample data is presented on wind profiling and CO2 concentration measurements.
Innovative solutions on 193 immersion-based self-aligned multiple patterning (2014)

EUV lithography is one of the most promising techniques for sub-20nm half-pitch HVM devices, however it
is well known that EUVL solutions still face significant challenges. Therefore we have focused on 193
immersion extension by using a self-aligned multiple patterning (SAMP), and this technique easily enables
fine periodical patterning. Spacer patterning techniques have already been applied to sub-20nm hp advanced
devices. In general, SAMP consists of SADP, SATP, SAQP, etc. We have already introduced about
evolutional schemes and cost effective processes in past SPIE sessions.[1-12] SAQP enable further
down-scaling to 10nm hp from SADP levels, however we must consider next advanced solution for
sub-10nm hp resolution. In this paper, we will discuss about a possibility of 193 immersion extension using
SAOP (self-aligned octuple patterning).
Association between arrhythmias and reduced red cell deformability following cardiopulmonary bypass (1988)

In 56 patients undergoing open-heart surgery, trauma to the red cells (reduced deformability) during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) was monitored by estimating reduction in red cell filtration rate (RFR). Treatment-requiring arrhythmias (atrial tachyarrhythmia and ventricular tachycardia) appearing more than 24 hours postoperatively were associated with RFR reduction after CPB. The incidence of arrhythmia was 31% in the patients with less than 25% fall in RFR, 53% in those with greater than 25% fall and 81% when the RFR reduction was greater than 75%. RFR fall preceded appearance of arrhythmia.
Japanese activities in SO/sub 2/ and NOx control. Report for April 1986-March 1987 (1987)

The paper reviews Japanese activities in SO/sub 2/ and NOx control. From 1970 to 1985, energy use in Japan increased by 25%, and annual coal consumption rose from virtually nothing to 20 million tons, yet emissions of SO/sub 2/ declined by 75% and NOx by 40%. While increases in hydroelectric and nuclear energy sources and use of lower sulfur fuel oil have contributed to the emissions reduction, the most prominent technological achievements have occurred in the successful implementation of SO/sub 2/ and NOx controls. Since 1968, nearly 1600 flue-gas-desulfurization (FGD) systems and 250 selective catalytic reduction (SCR) units have been constructed. Recent and current activities include simplified FGD operations, SCR experience in coal-fired systems, and transfer of control technology to waste-to-energy plants.
A Unified 35-Gene Signature for both Subtype Classification and Survival Prediction in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphomas (2010)

Cancer subtype classification and survival prediction both relate directly to patients' specific treatment plans, making them fundamental medical issues. Although the two factors are interrelated learning problems, most studies tackle each separately. In this paper, expression levels of genes are used for both cancer subtype classification and survival prediction. We considered 350 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) subjects, taken from four groups of patients (activated B-cell-like subtype dead, activated B-cell-like subtype alive, germinal center B-cell-like subtype dead, and germinal center B-cell-like subtype alive). As classification features, we used 11,271 gene expression levels of each subject. The features were first ranked by mRMR (Maximum Relevance Minimum Redundancy) principle and further selected by IFS (Incremental Feature Selection) procedure. Thirty-five gene signatures were selected after the IFS procedure, and the patients were divided into the above mentioned four groups. These four groups were combined in different ways for subtype prediction and survival prediction, specifically, the activated versus the germinal center and the alive versus the dead. Subtype prediction accuracy of the 35-gene signature was 98.6%. We calculated cumulative survival time of high-risk group and low-risk groups by the Kaplan-Meier method. The log-rank test p-value was 5.98e-08. Our methodology provides a way to study subtype classification and survival prediction simultaneously. Our results suggest that for some diseases, especially cancer, subtype classification may be used to predict survival, and, conversely, survival prediction features may shed light on subtype features.
Experimental results for 2D magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography (MR-EIT) using magnetic flux density in one direction (2003)

Magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography (MR-EIT) is an emerging imaging technique that reconstructs conductivity images using magnetic flux density measurements acquired employing MRI together with conventional EIT measurements. In this study, experimental MR-EIT images from phantoms with conducting and insulator objects are presented. The technique is implemented using the 0.15 T Middle East Technical University MRI system. The dc current method used in magnetic resonance current density imaging is adopted. A reconstruction algorithm based on the sensitivity matrix relation between conductivity and only one component of magnetic flux distribution is used. Therefore, the requirement for object rotation is eliminated. Once the relative conductivity distribution is found, it is scaled using the peripheral voltage measurements to obtain the absolute conductivity distribution. Images of several insulator and conductor objects in saline filled phantoms are reconstructed. The L2 norm of relative error in conductivity values is found to be 13%, 17% and 14% for three different conductivity distributions.
p53: key conductor of all anti-acne therapies (2017)

This review based on translational research predicts that the transcription factor p53 is the key effector of all anti-acne therapies. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and isotretinoin (13-cis retinoic acid) enhance p53 expression. Tetracyclines and macrolides via inhibiting p450 enzymes attenuate ATRA degradation, thereby increase p53. Benzoyl peroxide and hydrogen peroxide elicit oxidative stress, which upregulates p53. Azelaic acid leads to mitochondrial damage associated with increased release of reactive oxygen species inducing p53. p53 inhibits the expression of androgen receptor and IGF-1 receptor, and induces the expression of IGF binding protein 3. p53 induces FoxO1, FoxO3, p21 and sestrin 1, sestrin 2, and tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), the key inducer of isotretinoin-mediated sebocyte apoptosis explaining isotretinoin's sebum-suppressive effect. Anti-androgens attenuate the expression of miRNA-125b, a key negative regulator of p53. It can thus be concluded that all anti-acne therapies have a common mode of action, i.e., upregulation of the guardian of the genome p53. Immortalized p53-inactivated sebocyte cultures are unfortunate models for studying acne pathogenesis and treatment.
Radiation detector with a-SiC/c-Si heterojunction diode structure (2003)

The authors have developed a radiation detector using an a-SiC/c-Si heterojunction diode. The thin a-SiC film, about 150-mm thick, was made by the plasma CVD (chemical vapor deposition) method using a low-temperature process. In order to improve the electrical characteristics of the diode, the conditions for depositing the a-SiC film were studied. It was found that the electrical characteristics depend very much on the way it is produced. It is found that an increase of dark current is caused by the damage induced in the c-Si by the plasma. The a-SiC/c-Si heterojunction diode shows low dark current (0.4 nA/mm/sup 2/ at 50 V) and can operate at bias voltages as low as 2 V. The device was employed in a dosimeter system for measuring beta -ray dose equivalent at 7 mg/cm/sup 2/, and flat response in the 0.5-2.0-MeV range was shown.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Determination of Total Fat in Foods and Feeds by the Caviezel Method, Based on a Gas Chromatographic Technique (1998)

This peer-verified method specifies a fast, easy, and reliable quantitative method to determine total fat in foods and feeds in compliance with the new definition of fat from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. The method takes into consideration all fatty acids, from C4 to C24, and when fat is present at 0.3-100%. The validation study included 9 matrixes, with fat levels ranging from 1 to 79%. Sample and internal standard (IS; tridecanoic acid) are added to solvent (n-butyl alcohol). Fat is extracted and simultaneously saponified by potassium hydroxide. The fatty acid potassium salts are converted to fatty acids by adding an acidic aqueous salt solution, which produces a 2-phase system. The upper phase, containing the fatty acids and IS, is injected into the fat determination system. After gas chromatographic separation, the fat content is calculated from IS and fatty acid peak areas. The fat content is automatically converted to triglyceride content with a pre-determined factor. Ten replicates of 9 different food samples, which cover the whole range of different contents in fat, proteins, and carbohydrates, were analyzed by the submitting and the peer laboratories. Repeatability relative standard deviation (RSDr) values ranged from 0.47 to 4.62%. Reproducibility relative standard deviation (RSDR) values ranged from 0.85 to 9.52%. These estimates include between-run variability. The method shows good accuracy. Values for standard reference materials (SRMs) are in agreement with certified values. Regression analysis of the correlation between observed fat and certified value over all matrixes and fat levels indicated good precision and absence of method bias (5 SRMs; 1-30% fat; correlation coefficient, R2 = 99.98%).
Regulatory issues for genetically modified animals (2020)

Precision genetics and breeding have the potential to meet the agricultural needs and goals of the world in the 21st century. These needs include increasing the efficiency of production of animals and improving their products with minimal impact on the environment. The USA is the major innovator in genomic science and the acknowledged leader in formulating policies to regulate genetic applications in medicine and agriculture. However, governments worldwide have been exceedingly reluctant to support the introduction of genetically modified (GM) animals into agriculture. Regulatory policies have stagnated due to legal guidelines that could not anticipate the needs and solutions that are evident today. This must change if we are to maintain planetary integrity. I propose a new, market-based regulatory model for GM livestock that has both a strong scientific foundation and has worked for 10000 years. The model is similar to that for information technology in which specific algorithms drive computer and cell phone applications. Genome engineers write genetic algorithms that drive the traits in biological organisms. Accordingly, GM products should be viewed in terms of their use and public benefit rather than by limitations to the genetic programing coming from a few highly vocal groups. Genetic algorithms (Genapps) of the 21st century will include not only introduction of synthetic genes, but also complete natural and synthetic biochemical pathways to produce agricultural products that are maximally efficient, healthy to humans and animals, and sustainable in an era of changing climates while avoiding environmental degradation.
Distributed Event-Driven Power Sharing Control for CCVSI-Based Distributed Generators in AC Islanded Microgrids (2019)

This paper presents a novel distributed event-driven control strategy that will regulate the powers of massive current-controlled voltage source inverter (CCVSI)-based distributed generators in an ac microgird. The proposed distributed power sharing control strategy based on the event-driven mechanism is fully distributed and only driven at their own event time, which effectively reduces the frequency of controller updates compared with continuous-time feedback control. Moreover, each CCVSI-based DG only requires the local voltage and current measurement from its own and some nearest neighbors (but not all) for the distributed power sharing control at the last event-driven time by using low-bandwidth communication links and the alternative iterative algorithm is employed to update the control inputs to restore the active and reactive to desired values for further reducing the consumption of computing and communication resources to some extent. The Lyapunov technique is employed to devise the stability and convergence analysis of the proposed dynamic event triggering conditions. The effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is verified under various scenarios by a modified IEEE 34-bus test network in MATLAB/SimPowerSystems.