gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Resource allocation and performance analysis of wireless video sensors (2006)

Wireless video sensor networks (WVSNs) have been envisioned for a wide range of important applications, including battlefield intelligence, security monitoring, emergency response, and environmental tracking. Compared to traditional communication system, the WVSN operates under a set of unique resource constraints, including limitations with respect to energy supply, on-board computational capability, and transmission bandwidth. The objective of this paper is to study the resource utilization behavior of a wireless video sensor and analyze its performance under the resource constraints. More specifically, we develop an analytic power-rate-distortion (P-R-D) model to characterize the inherent relationship between the power consumption of a video encoder and its rate-distortion performance. Based on the P-R-D analysis and a simplified model for wireless transmission power, we study the optimum power allocation between video encoding and wireless transmission and introduce a measure called achievable minimum distortion to quantify the distortion under a total power constraint. We consider two scenarios in wireless video sensing, small-delay wireless video monitoring and large-delay wireless video surveillance, and analyze the performance limit of the wireless video sensor in each scenario. The analysis and results obtained in this paper provide an important guideline for practical wireless video sensor design.
Hybrid Input Output Automata for composable conveyor systems (2009)

We present Hybrid Input/Output Automata (HIOA) models as a basis for the design and analysis of a class of composable conveyor systems. These conveyor systems are realized by composing instances of two kinds of units, namely segments and turns. A microcontroller, which is physically wired to the sensors and actuators on the unit, regulates the local operations at the unit level. Microcontrollers that regulate physically adjacent units interact with each other over wireless links. Our HIOA models capture the continuous dynamics of obAcircnot jects moving on a unit and the discrete sequence of interactions that coordinate operations across adjacent units. Coordination messages exchange status information and transfer objects from one unit to another. We use two layers of automata. The first, called RC (Route Control), maintains system-wide routes over which objects move in the conveyor systems. This automaton is common to all units. The second automaton, called TC (Traffic Control), interacts with the local environment. Each unit has a specialized TC automaton depending on whether it is a segment or a turn. The TC automata in physically adjacent units exchange Red and Green signals to regulate the movement of objects from one unit to the other. By composing instances of these automata models, we achieve system-level models for the conveyor systems. Using the formal reasoning mechanisms in HIOA theory, we expect to establish properties of the composed conveyor systems. For example, as preliminary results, we can show that the Route Control Protocol is self-stabilizing. We can also show that the signaling mechanism in the TC automata help to maintain spatial/temporal constraints, such as minimum gap between objects moving on the conveyor system. As our next step, we are working on specifying a third automaton, called MP that is an implementation of the TC and RC automata on a microcontroller platform. We aim to shown that if the execution of MP satisfies certain temporal constraints, then the composed conveyor systems are correct by construction and deliver the properties that we can deduce via an analysis of the HIOA models of composed conveyor systems.
Feruloyl Esterases as Biotechnological Tools: Current and Future Perspectives (2007)

Feruloyl esterases represent a diverse group of hydrolases catalyzing the cleavage and formation of ester bonds between plant cell wall polysaccharide and phenolic acid. They are widely distributed in plants and microorganisms. Besides lipases, a considerable number of microbial feruloyl esterases have also been discovered and overexpressed. This review summarizes the latest research on their classification, production, and biophysicochemical properties. Special emphasis is given to the importance of that type of enzyme and their related phenolic ferulic acid compound in biotechnological processes, and industrial and medicinal applications.
Effect of different cultural conditions on the chemical composition of lipids of fusarium oxysporum (1978)

Abstract Three sugars were tried as carbon sources for the synthesis of total lipids, triglycerides and sterols in Fusarium oxysporum. Glucose at 3% level gave the maximum. Polar lipids in the mycelium varied from 4.2 to 9.7%. An increase in glucose concentration led to increased production of saturated fatty acids. Nine salts containing either the ammonium or nitrate ions were used as a nitrogen source. Potassium nitrate was best for lipid synthesis and ammonium bicarbonate yielded polar‐rich lipids. The content of free fatty acid was relatively higher on ammonium salts. Except for the minor changes in the fatty acid make‐up, no definite differences could be observed. The optimum pH was found to be 5.5. At this pH, triglycerides and free sterols were in considerably higher concentration. The proportion of linoleic acid remained more or less constant between the pH range of 3.5 and 6.5 while that of linolenic acid showed the maximum value at pH of 4.5. C:N ratios of 30 and 300 were found to be the optimum among narrow and wide ranges.
Shape recognition by trial and error processes and its hardware realization (1986)

Abstract The conventional image analysis methods are far from human‐like recognition methods because they require detailed algorithms for all variations of an image. It is thus desirable to develop a recognition method without complicated algorithms which is as human‐like as possible. Towards this end we propose a shape analysis method involving trial and error processes. We propose a new image processing system using hardware in a top‐down manner. Functions largely realized by hardware are: the placing of a local slit of suitable size in a proper position based on high‐level structural description of the objects, extracting local features by automatic position control and returning the information to higher‐level processing. In this way, users need only describe the structure of an object, and the system can interpret the description and automatically execute structure recognition of objects using the feature extraction mechanism.
Shortage of circulating naive CD8+ T cells provides new insights on immunodeficiency in aging (2000)

Clinical observations indicate that elderly people are prone to severe, often lethal infectious diseases induced by novel pathogens. Since the ability to mount primary immune responses relies on the availability of naive T cells, the circulating naive T-cell reservoir was evaluated throughout the human life span. Naive T cells were identified as CD95(-) T lymphocytes for their phenotypic and functional features. Indeed, the lack of CD95 marker is sufficient to identify a population of naive T cells, as defined by coincidence with previously characterized CD45RA(+) CD62L(+) T cells. Naive CD95(-) T cells, as expected, require a costimulatory signal, such as CD28, to optimally proliferate after anti-CD3 stimulation. Cytofluorimetric analysis of circulating T lymphocytes from 120 healthy subjects ranging in age from 18 to 105 years revealed that naive T cells decreased sharply with age. The younger subjects had a naive T-lymphocyte count of 825 +/- 48 cells/microL, and the centenarians had a naive T-lymphocyte count of 177 +/- 28 cells/microL. Surprisingly, the naive T-cell count was lower in CD8(+) than in CD4(+) subsets at any age, and the oldest individuals were almost completely depleted of circulating naive CD8(+) T cells (13 +/- 4 cells/microL). Concomitantly, a progressive expansion of CD28(-) T cells occurs with age, which can be interpreted as a compensatory mechanism. These data provide new insights into age-related T-cell-mediated immunodeficiency and reveal some analogies of T-cell dynamics between advanced aging and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. In conclusion, the exhaustion of the naive CD8(+) T-cell reservoir, which has never been reported before, suggests that this T-cell pool is a major target of the aging process and may define a parameter possibly related to the life span of humans. (Blood. 2000;95:2860-2868)
A Molecular Mechanics Investigation of RNA Complexes. I. Ethidium Intercalation in an HIV-1 TAR RNA Sequence with an Unpaired Adenosine (1992)

Nucleic acid complexes with ethidium intercalated into different sites in a segment of HIV-1 TAR RNA with an unpaired A base, along with corresponding complexes with a normal RNA sequence without an unpaired base were studied by molecular mechanics energy minimization methods. Different intercalation geometries as well as different orientations of the ethidium molecule in the intercalation sites were tested. A general binding affinity enhancement for the ethidium binding to the bulge sequence compared with the normal RNA segment was obtained. With the unpaired adenosine base stacked in the duplex, the binding site adjacent to the 3' side of the bulge was found to be the most energetically favorable binding site, and the intercalation site 5' to the bulge in the same sequence is much less favorable. Unique correlated backbone conformational changes on binding of ethidium to the intercalation site 3' to the bulge were found to relieve backbone strains caused by the stacking of the unpaired base into the helix. These backbone conformational changes present a plausible molecular basis for the experimentally observed ethidium binding preference in this bulge RNA segment (L.S. Ratmeyer, R. Vinayak, G. Zon and W.D. Wilson, J. Med. Chem. 35, 966, 1992).
Importance of Water Quantity on Modeling Using a Vulnerability Index for Northern Ontario Watersheds (2017)

The 2007 Brisbane Declaration and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change have made recommendations for assessing the water resources of a hydrologic system as an integral part of hydrologic and hydraulic modeling. Considering these recommendations, it is necessary to understand the flow regime and available water resources. This paper describes the data sources and methods used to create a water quantity vulnerability index for the Southwestern Hudson Bay and Nelson watersheds in Ontario, Canada. The index was generated for 71 gauged watersheds of the Water Survey of Canada across the project area with an impact matrix being constructed from a set of 27 scale weighted streamflow and climate impact variables. Variables were specifically selected to represent the dimensions of water quantity exposure by describing the magnitude, frequency, duration and timing of flows. Vulnerability index values ranged between 21 and 24 with hydrologic regions of Far North West being lowest at 21. A database of water quantity statistics, impact matrix variables and estimated vulnerability indices has been created to serve water policy, planning and management staff.
Antioxidant enzymatic activities and resistance to oxidative stress in primary and subcultured rat astroglial cells (1989)

The survival of neural tissues depends in part on the balance between the formation of free radicals due to oxidative metabolism and the transformation of the free radicals to non-toxic compounds. Serial subculture of rat glial cells as described here resulted in a decrease of the specific activities of several antioxidant enzymes and a glial specific marker for astrocytes. Thus, there was an increased susceptibility to oxidative stress in cultures by the third passage. These subcultured glial cell cultures may represent a useful model for the study of free radical induced neural damage that may be relevant to CNS trauma and aging.
Nonlinear local electrovascular coupling. I: A theoretical model (2006)

Abstract Here we present a detailed biophysical model of how brain electrical and vascular dynamics are generated within a basic cortical unit. The model was obtained from coupling a canonical neuronal mass and an expandable vasculature. In this proposal, we address several aspects related to electroencephalographic and functional magnetic resonance imaging data fusion: (1) the impact of the cerebral architecture (at different physical levels) on the observations; (2) the physiology involved in electrovascular coupling; and (3) energetic considerations to gain a better understanding of how the glucose budget is used during neuronal activity. The model has three components. The first is the canonical neural mass model of three subpopulations of neurons that respond to incoming excitatory synaptic inputs. The generation of the membrane potentials in the somas of these neurons and the electric currents flowing in the neuropil are modeled by this component. The second and third components model the electrovascular coupling and the dynamics of vascular states in an extended balloon approach, respectively. In the first part we describe, in some detail, the biophysical model and establish its face validity using simulations of visually evoked responses under different flickering frequencies and luminous contrasts. In a second part, a recursive optimization algorithm is developed and used to make statistical inferences about this forward/generative model from actual data. Hum. Brain Mapping 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Atomistic Mechanisms Underlying Selectivities in C1 and C2 Products from Electrochemical Reduction of CO on Cu(111) (2016)

Practical environmental and energy applications of the electrochemical reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> to chemicals and fuels require far more efficient and selective electrocatalysts beyond the only working material Cu, but the wealth of experimental data on Cu can serve to validate any proposed mechanisms. To provide design guidelines, we use quantum mechanics to predict the detailed atomistic mechanisms responsible for C<sub>1</sub> and C<sub>2</sub> products on Cu. Thus, we report the pH dependent routes to the major products, methane and ethylene, and identify the key intermediates where branches to methanol, ketene, ethanol, acetylene, and ethane are kinetically blocked. We discovered that surface water on Cu plays a key role in the selectivity for hydrocarbon products over the oxygen-containing alcohol products by serving as a strong proton donor for electrochemical dehydration reductions. We suggest new experiments to validate our predicted mechanisms.
Polymorphic phase study on nitrogen-doped TiO2 nanoparticles: effect on oxygen site occupancy, dye sensitized solar cells efficiency and hydrogen production (2015)

In this work we show that phase formation and oxygen substitution can be controlled by the source of nitrogen used during the synthesis of TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles.
Pressure-Dependent Decomposition Kinetics of the Energetic Material HMX up to 3.6 GPa (2009)

The effect of pressure on the global thermal decomposition rate of the energetic material HMX was studied. HMX was precompressed in a diamond anvil cell (DAC) and heated at various rates. The parent species population was monitored as a function of time and temperature using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Global decomposition rates were determined by fitting the fraction reacted to the extended-Prout-Tompkins nucleation-growth model and the Friedman isoconversional method. The results of these experiments and analysis indicate that pressure accelerates the decomposition at low-to-moderate pressures (i.e., between ambient pressure and 0.1 GPa) and decelerates the decomposition at higher pressures. The decomposition acceleration is attributed to pressure-enhanced autocatalysis, whereas the deceleration at high pressures is attributed to pressure-inhibiting bond homolysis step(s), which would result in an increase in volume. These results indicate that both the beta- and delta-polymorphs of HMX are sensitive to pressure in the thermally induced decomposition kinetics.
Alternative data processing for frequency-domain optical coherence tomography (2006)

In frequency-domain optical coherence tomography the tissue scattering function is recovered by a simple inverse Fourier transform (IFT) of the measured power spectrum. Instead, we report that taking an IFT of the square-root of the same power spectrum improves the axial-resolution and reduces the auto-correlation noise.
Synthesis and Characterization of a New Class of Nematic Photoluminescent Oxadiazole-Containing Polyethers (2003)

The synthesis and the characterization of a new class of segmented polyethers (PO) containing the oxadiazole unit are reported. Because of the anisotropic shape of oxadiazole-conjugated segment, the copolymers of the series show the monotropic nematic phase to be somewhat different from that observed in the case of the low molecular mass analogous compounds. In that case, high ordered liquid crystalline smectic phases are reported while the nematic phase is observed just in few cases. According to previous reports on oxadiazole-containing materials, PO show high photoluminescence activity in the blue region of the visible spectra. The good solubility in chlorinate solvents allows the preparation of films with homogeneous thickness by spin coating. A glass transition temperature in the range 100−120 °C ensures good stability of film morphology at room temperature. For these features, polymers PO are potential candidate materials for fabricating blue-light-emitting devices.
Multislice CT brain image registration for perfusion studies (2002)

During the last several years perfusion CT techniques have been developed as an effective technique for clinically evaluating cerebral hemodynamics. Perfusion CT techniques are capable of measurings functional parameters such as tissue perfusion, blood flow, blood volume, and mean transit time and are commonly used to evaluate stroke patients. However, the quality of functional images of the brain frequently suffers from patient head motion. Because the time window for an effective treatment of stroke patient is narrow, a fast motion correction is required. The purpose of the paper is to present a fast and accurate registration technique for motion correction of multi-slice CT and to demonstrate the effects of the registration on perfusion calculation.
Making Augmented Reality Practical on Mobile Phones, Part 1 (2009)

In 2003, we started an AR framework for mobile phones. We intended its first generation as primarily a proof of feasibility. The second generation was an attempt to port a fully featured PC-based AR framework, Studierstube 4, to a phone platform. You can port existing applications and make them run on mobile phones. However, as we had to painfully experience ourselves, this approach typically produces slow, bloated, and unstable software. Optimally using phones' scarce resources requires different algorithms and architectural decisions than for PCs, leading to a complete reengineering of an existing solution. So, for the third generation, Studierstube ES, we largely abandoned compatibility requirements and added new elements to the design, such as an asymmetric client-server technique, that are specific to mobile devices. In this first installment of our two-part tale of Studierstube ES and what we've learned along the way, we describe the mobile phone platform's restrictions and how our software architecture allows fast development of mobile phone AR applications.
Low-noise small-size microring ultrasonic detectors for high-resolution photoacoustic imaging (2011)

Small size polymer microring resonators have been exploited for photoacoustic (PA) imaging. To demonstrate the advantages of the wide acceptance angle of ultrasound detection of small size microrings, photoacoustic tomography (PAT), and delay-and-sum beamforming PA imaging was conducted. In PAT, we compared the imaging quality using different sizes of detectors with similar noise-equivalent pressures and the same wideband response: 500 μm hydrophone and 100, 60, and 40 μm microrings. The results show significantly improved imaging contrast and high resolution over the whole imaging region using smaller size detectors. The uniform high resolution in PAT imaging using 40 μm microrings indicates the potential to resolve microvasculature over a large imaging region. The improved lateral resolution of two-dimensional and three-dimensional delay-and-sum beamforming PA imaging using a synthetic array demonstrate another advantageous application of small microrings. The small microrings can also be applied to other ultrasound-related imaging applications.
High-performance packet classification on GPU (2014)

Multi-field packet classification is a network kernel function where packets are classified and routed based on a predefined rule set. Recently, there has been a new trend in exploring Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) for network applications. These applications typically do not perform floating point operations and it is challenging to obtain speedup. This paper presents a high-performance packet classifier on GPU. We investigate GPU's characteristics in parallelism and memory accessing, and implement our packet classifier using Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA). The basic operations of our design are binary range-tree search and bitwise AND operation.We optimize our design by storing the range-trees using compact arrays without explicit pointers in shared memory. We evaluate the performance with respect to throughput and processing latency. Experimental results show that our approach scales well across a range of rule set sizes from 512 to 4096. When the size of rule set is 512, our design can achieve the throughput of 85 million packets per second and the average processing latency of 4.9 µs per packet. Compared with the implementation on the state-of-the-art multi-core platform, our design demonstrates 1.9x improvement with respect to throughput.
Outcome in Patients With Myelodysplastic Syndrome After Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation for Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (1999)

Long-term follow-up demonstrates a high incidence of MDS after ABMT for NHL. The prognosis for these patients is uniformly poor, and novel treatment strategies are needed for this fatal disorder.
Optimization of Sandwich Composites Fuselages Under Flight Loads (2010)

The sandwich composites fuselages appear to be a promising choice for the future aircrafts because of their structural efficiency and functional integration advantages. However, the design of sandwich composites is more complex than other structures because of many involved variables. In this paper, the fuselage is designed as a sandwich composites cylinder, and its structural optimization using the finite element method (FEM) is outlined to obtain the minimum weight. The constraints include structural stability and the composites failure criteria. In order to get a verification baseline for the FEM analysis, the stability of sandwich structures is studied and the optimal design is performed based on the analytical formulae. Then, the predicted buckling loads and the optimization results obtained from a FEM model are compared with that from the analytical formulas, and a good agreement is achieved. A detailed parametric optimal design for the sandwich composites cylinder is conducted. The optimization method used here includes two steps: the minimization of the layer thickness followed by tailoring of the fiber orientation. The factors comprise layer number, fiber orientation, core thickness, frame dimension and spacing. Results show that the two-step optimization is an effective method for the sandwich composites and the foam sandwich cylinder with core thickness of 5 mm and frame pitch of 0.5 m exhibits the minimum weight.