gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Broad and Differential Animal Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Receptor Usage by SARS-CoV-2 (2020)

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused an unprecedented global public health and economic crisis. The origin and emergence of its causal agent, SARS-CoV-2, in the human population remains mysterious, although bat and pangolin were proposed to be the natural reservoirs. Strikingly, unlike the SARS-CoV-2-like coronaviruses (CoVs) identified in bats and pangolins, SARS-CoV-2 harbors a polybasic furin cleavage site in its spike (S) glycoprotein. SARS-CoV-2 uses human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as its receptor to infect cells. Receptor recognition by the S protein is the major determinant of host range, tissue tropism, and pathogenesis of coronaviruses. In an effort to search for the potential intermediate or amplifying animal hosts of SARS-CoV-2, we examined receptor activity of ACE2 from 14 mammal species and found that ACE2s from multiple species can support the infectious entry of lentiviral particles pseudotyped with the wild-type or furin cleavage site-deficient S protein of SARS-CoV-2. ACE2 of human/rhesus monkey and rat/mouse exhibited the highest and lowest receptor activities, respectively. Among the remaining species, ACE2s from rabbit and pangolin strongly bound to the S1 subunit of SARS-CoV-2 S protein and efficiently supported the pseudotyped virus infection. These findings have important implications for understanding potential natural reservoirs, zoonotic transmission, human-to-animal transmission, and use of animal models.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> SARS-CoV-2 uses human ACE2 as a primary receptor for host cell entry. Viral entry mediated by the interaction of ACE2 with spike protein largely determines host range and is the major constraint to interspecies transmission. We examined the receptor activity of 14 ACE2 orthologs and found that wild-type and mutant SARS-CoV-2 lacking the furin cleavage site in S protein could utilize ACE2 from a broad range of animal species to enter host cells. These results have important implications in the natural hosts, interspecies transmission, animal models, and molecular basis of receptor binding for SARS-CoV-2.
Oriental HLA‐A*11:90 detected in a Taiwanese cord blood sample and the haplotype in association with A*11:90 allele (2011)

We report here an HLA-A allele, A*11:90, found in a Taiwanese cord blood sample using DNA sequence-based typing (SBT) protocol after observing an anomalous reaction pattern in a sequence-specific oligonucleotide (SSO) typing exercise. The sequence of A*11:90 is identical to A*11:01:01, the most predominant A*11 variant in Taiwanese, in exon 2 but differs from A*11:01:01 in exon 3 by two nucleotide substitutions at codon 163 (c.487C>G and c.488G>A), resulting R163E. In comparison with the sequence of A*11:02:01, the second most predominant subtype of A*11 in Taiwanese A*11:90 has one nucleotide difference at codon 19 (c.55A>G) in exon 2 resulting K19E and two nucleotides variations at codon 163 (c.487C>G and c.488G>A) in exon 3 resulting R163E. HLA-A*11:90-B*40:02-DRB1*11:01 is the deduced probable HLA haplotype in association with A*11:90. The generation of A*11:90 is thought to involve a DNA recombination event between alleles A*11:01:01 and A*80:01 where A*80:01 donated a fragment of the DNA sequence (from n.t. 487 to n.t. 497) to the recipient sequence of A*11:01:01.
Phenol Adsorption in Immobilized Activated Carbon with Alginate Gels (2003)

Calcium alginate-activated carbon composites were used for phenol adsorption from aqueous solutions. These composites were prepared by mixing different amounts of powdered activated carbon with a 3% (w/v) sodium alginate solution, and then dripping the mix into a calcium solution. Spherical beads were obtained with different amounts of powder-activated carbon immobilized inside the calcium alginate matrix. The adsorption on immobilized adsorbents modified the distribution equilibrium. A modified Langmuir equation was considered for analyzing adsorption isotherms and solid phase interactions. The kinetic of phenol adsorption on mixed gels is controlled by the diffusion of phenol in the particle over the gel phase, so the process can be described by one diffusional parameter: the effective diffusion coefficient of phenol in the gel phase.
Fully Bayesian Hierarchical Modelling in Two Stages, with Application to Meta-Analysis (2013)

Meta-analysis is often undertaken in two stages, with each study analysed separately in stage 1 and estimates combined across studies in stage 2. The study-specific estimates are assumed to arise from normal distributions with known variances equal to their corresponding estimates. In contrast, a one-stage analysis estimates all parameters simultaneously. A <i>Bayesian</i> one-stage approach offers additional advantages, such as the acknowledgement of uncertainty in all parameters and greater flexibility. However, there are situations when a two-stage strategy is compelling, e.g. when study-specific analyses are complex and/or time consuming. We present a novel method for fitting the full Bayesian model in two stages, hence benefiting from its advantages while retaining the convenience and flexibility of a two-stage approach. Using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods, posteriors for the parameters of interest are derived separately for each study. These are then used as proposal distributions in a computationally efficient second stage. We illustrate these ideas on a small binomial data set; we also analyse motivating data on the growth and rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysms. The two-stage Bayesian approach closely reproduces a one-stage analysis when it can be undertaken, but can also be easily carried out when a one-stage approach is difficult or impossible.
Optical Forging of Graphene into Three-Dimensional Shapes (2017)

Atomically thin materials, such as graphene, are the ultimate building blocks for nanoscale devices. But although their synthesis and handling today are routine, all efforts thus far have been restricted to flat natural geometries, since the means to control their three-dimensional (3D) morphology has remained elusive. Here we show that, just as a blacksmith uses a hammer to forge a metal sheet into 3D shapes, a pulsed laser beam can forge a graphene sheet into controlled 3D shapes in the nanoscale. The forging mechanism is based on laser-induced local expansion of graphene, as confirmed by computer simulations using thin sheet elasticity theory.
Phase I/II trial of intravenous liposomal doxorubicin and whole abdomen hyperthermia in patients with refractory ovarian cancer (2004)

5089 Background: A phase I/II study of liposomal doxorubicin combined with whole abdominal hyperthermia was conducted in patients with refractory ovarian cancer. Liposomal doxorubicin combined with hyperthermia has been shown to increase liposomal extravasation into tumor xenografts resulting in enhanced cytotoxic effects. Methods: Thirty patients with either recurrent or persistent epithelial ovarian cancer were enrolled. All patients had either measurable or assessable disease. Patients received intravenous (IV) liposomal doxorubicin 40 mg/m2 as a 1-hour infusion followed by whole abdominal hyperthermia. Quality of life (QOL) was performed at baseline, prior to each cycle, and every 3 months following treatment. Results: All 30 patients were either paclitaxel and/or platinum resistant initially or developed resistant disease. The median number of prior chemotherapeutic regimens was three (range 2–8) and 6 patients had been previously treated with liposomal doxorubicin. There were 3 partial responses for a response rate of 10% and 8 patients (27%) had disease stabilization. The median time to progression was 3.4 months (range, 1.3 to 20.7) and the median survival was 10.8 months (range, 2.7 to 27.2). Twelve patients (40%) experienced palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia (PPE), but only 4 (13%) experienced grade 3/4 PPE toxicity. None of the patients had grade 3/4 thermal toxicity due to hyperthermia. QOL was stable in patients responding to therapy. Conclusions: Therapy with intravenous doxorubicin and whole abdominal hyperthermia for patients with platinum/paclitaxel resistant ovarian cancer has modest activity and stabilized quality of life. Whole abdomen hyperthermia was well tolerated in this population. Work supported by a grant from the NIH CA42745. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Aventis; Pharmacia Aventis; GlaxoSmithKline; Pharmacia
New functions for the three subunits of the CzcCBA cation-proton antiporter (1997)

The membrane-bound CzcCBA protein complex mediates heavy metal resistance in Alcaligenes eutrophus by an active cation efflux mechanism driven by cation-proton antiport. The CzcA protein alone is able to mediate weak resistance to zinc and cobalt and is thus the central antiporter subunit. The two histidine-rich motifs in the CzcB subunit are not essential for zinc resistance; however, deletion of both motifs led to a small but significant loss of resistance to this cation. Translation of the czcC gene encoding the third subunit of the CzcCBA complex starts earlier than predicted, and CzcC is probably a periplasmic protein, as judged by the appearance of two bands after expression of czcC in Escherichia coli under control of the phage T7 promoter. Fusions of CzcC and CzcB with alkaline phosphatase and beta-galactosidase are in agreement with a periplasmic location of most parts of both proteins. Both CzcC and CzcB are bound to a membrane, probably the outer membrane, by themselves and do not need either CzcA or each other as an anchoring protein. Based on these data, a new working model for the function of the Czc system is discussed.
A single-transistor full-wave rectifier (1979)

A simple full-wave rectifier using only a single transistor with two matched resistors has been proposed and the basic performances have been experimentally demonstrated.
Antitussive effects of the peripherally restricted GABAB receptor agonist lesogaberan in guinea pigs: Comparison to baclofen and other GABAB receptor-selective agonists (2012)

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common cause of chronic cough. Both acid and nonacid reflux is thought to play a role in the initiation of coughing and cough hypersensitivity. The GABAB receptor agonist lesogaberan was developed as a peripherally restricted anti-reflux therapy that reduces the frequency of transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations (TLESR; the major cause of reflux) in animals and in patients with GERD. GABAB receptor agonists have also been shown to possess antitussive effects in patients and in animals independent of their effects on TLESR, suggesting that lesogaberan may be a promising treatment for chronic cough. We have assessed the direct antitussive effects of lesogaberan (AZD3355). The effects of other GABAB receptor agonists were also determined. Coughing was evoked in awake guinea pigs using aerosol challenges with citric acid. Lesogaberan dose-dependently inhibited citric acid evoked coughing in guinea pigs. Comparable effects of the GABAB receptor agonists baclofen and 3-aminopropylphosphinic acid (3-APPiA) on cough were also observed. Baclofen produced obvious signs of sedation and respiratory depression. By contrast, both lesogaberan and 3-APPiA (both inactivated centrally by GABA transporters) were devoid of sedative effects and did not alter respiratory rate. Together, the data suggest that lesogaberan and related GABAB receptor agonists may hold promise as safe and effective antitussive agents largely devoid of CNS side effects.
Diabetic fatty liver disease is associated with specific changes in blood‐borne markers (2012)

We have identified markers of hepatic steatosis that appear to be specific for people with type 2 diabetes. A further longitudinal study is merited to assess the role of these markers in understanding the progression of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in people with and without diabetes.
Identifying Autism Spectrum Disorder With Multi-Site fMRI via Low-Rank Domain Adaptation (2019)

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is characterized by a wide range of symptoms. Identifying biomarkers for accurate diagnosis is crucial for early intervention of ASD. While multi-site data increase sample size and statistical power, they suffer from inter-site heterogeneity. To address this issue, we propose a multi-site adaption framework via low-rank representation decomposition (maLRR) for ASD identification based on functional MRI (fMRI). The main idea is to determine a common low-rank representation for data from the multiple sites, aiming to reduce differences in data distributions. Treating one site as a target domain and the remaining sites as source domains, data from these domains are transformed (i.e., adapted) to a common space using low-rank representation. To reduce data heterogeneity between the target and source domains, data from the source domains are linearly represented in the common space by those from the target domain. We evaluated the proposed method on both synthetic and real multi-site fMRI data for ASD identification. The results suggest that our method yields superior performance over several state-of-the-art domain adaptation methods.
Administrative Claims Analysis of Utilization and Costs of Care in Health Plan Members With Atopic Dermatitis Who Had Prior Use of a Topical Corticosteroid and Who Initiate Therapy With Pimecrolimus or Tacrolimus (2007)

In health plan members with AD who had previously received at least 1 topical corticosteroid prescription, the customary use of pimecrolimus or tacrolimus was 1 to 2 prescriptions in 12 months of followup and only a median of 60 grams of topical medication. The difference in AD-related utilization and costs between pimecrolimus and tacrolimus was small, less than $100 per year, but favored pimecrolimus. Further research using validated measures of disease severity to control for potential confounding is needed to confirm the results of this observational study.
SU‐E‐I‐02: Characterizing Low‐Contrast Resolution for Non‐Circular CBCT Trajectories (2015)

Purpose: The use of non‐circular scanning trajectories with optimization‐basedreconstruction algorithms can be used in conjunction with non‐planaracquisition geometries for axial field‐of‐view (FOV) extension incone‐beam CT (CBCT). To evaluate the utility of these trajectories,quantitative image quality metrics should be evaluated. Low‐contrastresolution (LCR) and CT number accuracy are significant challenges forCBCT. With unprecedented axial coverage provided by thesetrajectories, measuring such metrics throughout the axial range iscritical. There are currently no phantoms designed to measurelow‐contrast resolution over such an extended volume. Methods: The CATPHAN (The Phantom Laboratory, Salem NY) is the current standardfor image quality evaluation. While providing several useful modulesfor different evaluation metrics, each module was designed to beevaluated in a single slice and not for comparison across axialpositions. To characterize the LCR and HU accuracy over an extendedaxial length, we have designed and built a phantom with evaluationmodules at multiple and adjustable axial positions. Results: The modules were made from a cast polyurethane resin. Holes rangingfrom 1/8 to 5/8 inch were added at a constant radius from the modulecenter into which rods of two different plastic materials were pressedto provide two nominal levels of contrast (1.0% and 0.5%). Largerholes were bored to accept various RMI plugs with known electrondensities for HU accuracy evaluation. The modules can be inserted intoan acrylic tube long enough to cover the entire axial FOV and theirpositions adjusted to desired evaluation points. Conclusion: This phantom allows us to measure the LCR and HU accuracy across theaxial coverage within a single acquisition. These metrics can be usedto characterize the impact different trajectories and reconstructionparameters have on clinically relevant image quality performancemetrics. Funding was provided in part by Varian Medical Systems and NIH R01 Grants Nos. CA158446, CA182264, EB018102, and EB000225. The contents of this poster are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official view of any of the supporting organizations.
A resource management scheme for efficient WWW computing in wireless communications (2003)

Nowadays, mobile computing is considered of major importance to the computing industry due to the immense progress in the wireless communications domain. In this paper, we present a proxy-based architecture for improving WWW browsing in cellular networks. Proxy caches, contained in base stations, are constantly relocated to accompany the nomadic user. We propose a cache management scheme involving the relocation of full caches to the most candidate future cells but, also, percentages of the cache to less likely neighbours. Relocation is performed according to a path prediction algorithm based on a learning automaton. The simulation of the overall scheme demonstrates considerable benefits for the end user.
Catalytic Enantioselective CC Coupling—Allyl Transfer and Mukaiyama Aldol Reaction (1994)

To obtain enantiomerically pure products without using stoichiometric quantities of chiral components is now possible for the title reactions [Eq. (a)]. Chiral Lewis acids M′Xn are employed, which enable an excellent facial differentiation. In some cases these catalysts provide enantiomeric excesses greater than 95% and outstanding chemical yields.
Why China Needs Science … and Partners (1996)

It has been 18 years since China started to reform and open up to the rest of the world. During this period, the national economy has been developing rapidly, with an average annual growth rate of 9%. Recently, the Chinese People's Congress passed the next 5-year plan and a 15-year long-term development plan. The economy should maintain its good momentum, with an estimated growth rate of 7 to 8% during the next 5 years and about 7% in the next century. In order to sustain this growth, we are undergoing two transitions—from a planned economy to a market economy and from growth by increased development to growth by increased economic efficiency. In addition, we are using two strategies—building the country through science and education and through sustainable development. It will take international cooperation to achieve these objectives.
The use of pseudo-random binary sequences to predict a DC-DC converter's control-to-ouput transfer function in continuous conduction mode (2006)

The design of a dc-dc converter's regulation loop requires prior knowledge of its open-loop frequency response characteristics which are generally obtained experimentally using a prototype and a network analyzer or through small-signal models. In order to obtain these characteristics more precisely than through modeling without having to build a circuit prototype beforehand, we propose the use of time-domain simulation of the dc-dc converter using a pseudo-random binary sequence to perturb the converter's duty cycle in order to obtain its ac small-signal control-to-output frequency response characteristics. The technique introduced in this paper offers a new strategy for obtaining data which is essential for a converter's regulator loop design
Figure S4 from Restricted Delivery of Talazoparib Across the Blood–Brain Barrier Limits the Sensitizing Effects of PARP Inhibition on Temozolomide Therapy in Glioblastoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;TAL mediated potentiation of TMZ induced G2/M arrest.&lt;/p&gt;
On entire functions of affine lineage (1982)

In this paper we provide a characterization of entire functions whose zero set is a union of real hyperplanes.
Genotyping Hepatitis C Viruses from Southeast Asia by a Novel Line Probe Assay That Simultaneously Detects Core and 5′ Untranslated Regions (2006)

Hepatitis C viruses (HCVs) display a high level of sequence diversity and are currently divided into six genotypes. A line probe assay (LiPA), which targets the 5' untranslated region (5'UTR) of the HCV genome, is widely used for genotyping. However, this assay cannot distinguish many genotype 6 subtypes from genotype 1 due to high sequence similarity in the 5'UTR. We investigated the accuracy of a new generation LiPA (VERSANT HCV genotype 2.0 assay), in which genotyping is based on 5'UTR and core sequences, by testing 75 selected HCV RNA-positive sera from Southeast Asia (Vietnam and Thailand). For comparison, sera were tested on the 5'UTR based VERSANT HCV genotype assay and processed for sequence analysis of the 5'UTR-to-core and NS5b regions as well. Phylogenetic analysis of both regions revealed the presence of genotype 1, 2, 3, and 6 viruses. Using the new LiPA assay, genotypes 6c to 6l and 1a/b samples were more accurately genotyped than with the previous test only targeting the 5'UTR (96% versus 71%, respectively). These results indicate that the VERSANT HCV genotype 2.0 assay is able to discriminate genotypes 6c to 6l from genotype 1 and allows a more accurate identification of genotype 1a from 1b by using the genotype-specific core information.
Effect of Electron Beam Irradiation on the Mechanical, Thermal, and Dynamic Mechanical Behavior of Waste Polyethylene - Short Glass Fiber Composites (2011)

In this study, the effect of electron beam irradiation on the physico-mechanical, thermal, and dynamic properties of short glass fiber (GF)-reinforced waste polyethylene (WPE), virgin high density polyethylene (HDPE), and blends of WPE/HDPE in the ratio 50 : 50 was studied. For comparison, short GFs were irradiated with electron beam separately and the composites were prepared with WPE, HDPE, and blends of WPE with HDPE. Only a single proportion of the GF was used, that is, 50 wt% and dosage of the electron beam was 250 kGy. The results given in this article show that the tensile strength, flexural strength, flexural modulus, and hardness increased when the composites were subjected to electron beam irradiation. The elongation at break does not undergo any change. The results obtained are also confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. Dynamic mechanical properties are also measured for suggesting utilization of these composites for commercial applications.
Growth and characterization of self-assembled Ge-rich islands on Si (1996)

Ge-rich islands have been grown on Si (100) substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. Their density and size distribution are analysed by atomic force microscopy as a function of growth temperature, growth rate and Ge coverage. Overgrown islands have been studied by transmission electron microscopy, Raman scattering and photoluminescence. The first results of photocurrent spectroscopy on Si/Ge/Si pin diodes show the expected shift of the energy gap. Based on these results, novel device applications of Ge-rich islands in Si are proposed.