gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Protegrin-1: a broad-spectrum, rapidly microbicidal peptide with in vivo activity (1997)

Protegrin-1 (PG-1) is a cysteine-rich, 18-residue beta-sheet peptide isolated from porcine leukocytes with antimicrobial activity against a broad range of microorganisms. The MICs of PG-1 against representative gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria ranged from 0.12 to 2 microg/ml. At these levels, PG-1 was rapidly bactericidal in vitro, reducing the number of viable CFU of either methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) or Pseudomonas aeruginosa by more than three log units in less than 15 min. Resistance to PG-1 did not develop after 11 subculturings of P. aeruginosa or 18 subcultures of MRSA in Mueller-Hinton broth containing PG-1 at one-half the MIC. Under similar conditions of serial passage, the MICs of norfloxacin and gentamicin against P. aeruginosa increased 10 and 190 times, respectively. Similarly, the MIC of norfloxacin against MRSA increased 85 times. Immunocompetent mice inoculated intraperitoneally (i.p.) with P. aeruginosa or S. aureus exhibited 93 to 100% mortality in the vehicle control group compared with 0 to 27% mortality in animals that received a single i.p. injection of PG-1 (0.5 mg/kg of body weight). Mice inoculated with S. aureus by intravenous (i.v.) injection and dosed 0 to 60 min later with a single i.v. injection of PG-1 (5 mg/kg) had a mortality of 7 to 33%, compared to a mortality of 73 to 93% in the vehicle controls. In leukopenic mice inoculated i.v. with vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium, mortality was 87% in the vehicle control group and 33% in animals that received a single i.v. injection of PG-1 (2.5 mg/kg). Taken together, these data indicate that PG-1 has potential for use as an antimicrobial agent in the treatment of local or systemic infections caused by clinically relevant pathogens.
Suppression of the hepcidin‐encoding gene Hamp permits iron overload in mice lacking both hemojuvelin and matriptase‐2/TMPRSS6 (2009)

Hepcidin, the master regulator of enteric iron absorption, is controlled by the opposing effects of pathways activated in response to iron excess or iron attenuation. Iron excess is regulated through a pathway involving the cell surface receptor hemojuvelin (HFE2) that stimulates expression of the hepcidin encoding gene (HAMP). Iron attenuation is countered through a pathway involving the hepatocyte-specific plasma membrane protease matriptase-2 encoded by TMPRSS6, leading to suppression of HAMP expression. The non-redundant function of hemojuvelin and matriptase-2 has been deduced from the phenotype imparted by mutations of HFE2 and TMPRSS6, which cause iron excess and iron deficiency respectively. Hemojuvelin is positioned to be the ideal substrate for matriptase-2. To examine the relationship between hemojuvelin and matriptase-2 in vivo, we crossed mice lacking the protease domain of matriptase-2 with mice lacking hemojuvelin. Mice lacking functional matriptase-2 and hemojuvelin exhibited low Hamp (Hamp1) expression, high serum and liver iron, and high transferrin saturation. Surprisingly, the double mutant mice also exhibited lower levels of iron in the heart compared to hemojuvelin-deficient mice, demonstrating a possible cardioprotective effect resulting from the loss of matriptase-2. This phenotype is consistent with hemojuvelin being a major substrate for matriptase-2/TMPRSS6 protease activity.
METHANOL AS A MOTOR FUEL OR A GASOLINE BLENDING COMPONENT (1975)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Laboratory and road tests showed methanol to be an effective octane booster. Adding 10% methanol to unleaded gasoline raised the Road octane 2-3 numbers. However, significant deterioration in driveability tests occurred because of methanol's “leaning” effect. The water sensitivity of methanol/gasoline requires a separate fuel distribution system. Fuel storage in a vehicle must be protected from water absorption. Corrosion and degradation problems occur in the vehicle fuel system where methanol/gasoline mixtures contact lead, magnesium, aluminum, and some plastics.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Methanol burned more efficiently under lean conditions than gasoline. However, the cold start problems require a separate starting fuel. Methanol is not a useful fuel additive for existing unmodified cars. Methanol could be used effectively in special vehicles designed to handle the corrosion, water absorption, and vaporization characteristics. The cost of manufacture and distribution in a separate system that overcomes the water sensitivity problem will determine the extent of methanol's use as a vehicular fuel.&lt;/div&gt;
DIETARY ??-3 AND ??-9 FATTY ACIDS UNIQUELY ENHANCE ALLOGRAFT SURVIVAL IN CYCLOSPORINE-TREATED AND DONOR-SPECIFIC TRANSFUSION-TREATED RATS1 (1998)

Dietary omega-3 and omega-9 fatty acids both enhanced cardiac allograft survival in a stringent rat strain combination. Canola oil is a convenient oil for administering both alpha-linoleic acid (omega-3) and oleic acid (omega-9) in a palatable form for human consumption. Further investigation of the potential usefulness of lipids in transplant therapy is warranted.
Printed organic transistors: Toward ambient electronics (2009)

In the forthcoming ambient electronics era, multiple electronic objects are scattered on walls, ceilings or in imaginative locations and interact each other to enhance safety, security and convenience. For implementation of many electronic objects in our daily life, large-area, flexible devices, which would be printed on plastic sheet, cloth, and/or paper, are expected to play an important role. In this paper, we describe recent progress and future prospects of flexible, large-area electronics based on printed organic transistors.
Bimorph Type Soft Actuator Based on Conducting Polymer and Its Application to Micro Pump (2007)

Various shapes of conducting polymer soft actuators attract the attention in recent years. We have proposed a soft actuator that performs open-close movement and micro pump using soft actuator as a driving source. We have developed a soft actuator that perform open-close movement by arranging a soft actuator in which bimorph structures with anion-driven layers and cation-driven layers are connected and cation-driven layers arranged in face-to-face relation. Moreover, the soft actuator performs optimum open-close movement when the ratio of single layer structures and bimorph structures is 1:2. A planner soft actuator performs open-close movement when slits are set on a wide planner soft actuator. The authors have built up a micro-pump with a planner conducting polymer soft actuator that performs open-close movement as a driving source. Its oscillation volume can be adjusted in the range of 2.2–31 [μ1/min].
Poster 122 Objective Ultrasound Measures for Characterizing Myofascial Trigger Points (2011)

J. Hammond, none. To determine if ultrasound (US) measures can distinguish among active and latent myofascial trigger points (MTrP) and normal muscle. Descriptive. A biomedical research center. 44 subjects who exhibited symptomatic or nonsymptomatic nodules in a taut band of the upper trapezius. Not applicable. Sonoelastography was performed by using an external 92 Hz vibration in the upper trapezius. The area of reduced vibration amplitude was determined to estimate the size of the MTrPs. Blood flow waveforms were analyzed by using color Doppler imaging. Pulsatility (PI) and resistivity (RI) indices were calculated by using waveforms in blood vessels with pulsatile flow. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were created to measure the binary classification strength of the ultrasound measures. Active and latent sites had a significantly larger area when compared with normal sites (P<.01). Active sties also were significantly larger than latent sites (P<.01). Based on the ROC curves, the area was found to be an excellent classifier for active versus normal sites (P<.01). The area was a fair classifier for active versus latent sites (P<.01) and latent versus normal sites (P<.01). The occurrence of retrograde flow was significantly higher in active and latent sites when compared with normal tissue (P<.01) Active sites differed significantly in PI when compared with normal sites (P<.05). However, based on the ROC curves, PI was a poor classifier for active, latent, and normal sites. No significant differences were found among active, latent, and normal sites for RI. The current findings suggest that area is a valid ultrasound measure for distinguishing among active and latent MTrPs and normal muscle. However, PI and RI are not as effective as measures due to large variance.
Cancers of Unknown Primary (2015)

1. Multi-disciplinary team involvement is essential to the care of patients with Cancers of Unknown Primary (CUP).
Reactile (2018)

We explore a new approach to programming swarm user interfaces (Swarm UI) by leveraging direct physical manipulation. Existing Swarm UI applications are written using a robot programming framework: users work on a computer screen and think in terms of low-level controls. In contrast, our approach allows programmers to work in physical space by directly manipulating objects and think in terms of high-level interface design. Inspired by current UI programming practices, we introduce a four-step workflow-create elements, abstract attributes, specify behaviors, and propagate changes-for Swarm UI programming. We propose a set of direct physical manipulation techniques to support each step in this workflow. To demonstrate these concepts, we developed Reactile, a Swarm UI programming environment that actuates a swarm of small magnets and displays spatial information of program states using a DLP projector. Two user studies-an in-class survey with 148 students and a lab interview with eight participants-confirm that our approach is intuitive and understandable for programming Swarm UIs.
Application of the Vienna Classificaton for Crohn's Disease to a Single Clinician Database of 877 Patients (2001)

An international working party at the World Congress of Gastroenterology held in Vienna, Austria from September 6 to 11, 1998 defined a classification for Crohn's disease based on patient age at diagnosis (eg, less than 40 years of age, 40 years of age or older), disease location (eg, terminal ileum, colon, ileocolon or upper gastrointestinal tract) and behaviour (eg, stricturing, penetrating). Disease location in the upper gastrointestinal tract was defined by disease being present proximal to the terminal ileum, regardless of terminal ileal or colon involvement. A 20-year, single clinician database of 877 patients from a university campus hospital was used, and comprised 492 women (56.1%) and 385 men (43.9%). Of these patients, 740 (84.4%) were diagnosed before age 40 years and 137 (15.6%) were diagnosed by 40 years of age or older. Disease was located in the terminal ileum alone in 222 patients (25.3%), colon alone in 238 patients (27.2%) and ileocolon in 304 patients (34.6%). Another 113 patients (13.1%) had disease in the upper gastrointestinal tract, usually with disease also in the terminal ileum (23 patients), colon (12 patients) or ileocolon (71 patients). Only seven of 877 patients had disease located in the upper gastrointestinal tract alone with no distal disease. Disease behaviour could be classified as nonstricturing and nonpenetrating in 256 patients (29.2%), stricturing in 294 patients (33.6%) and penetrating in 327 patients (37.2%). Of the 877 patients with Crohn's disease, 837 were white, 38 were Asian and two were black. In this tertiary care setting of a single clinician practice in a Canadian teaching hospital at the University of British Columbia, Crohn's disease predominantly affects women, and young adults with a high rate of stricturing and penetrating complications.
Myeloma-Modified Adipocytes Exhibit Metabolic Dysfunction and a Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype (2020)

Bone marrow adipocytes (BMAd) have recently been implicated in accelerating bone metastatic cancers, such as acute myelogenous leukemia and breast cancer. Importantly, bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) expands with aging and obesity, two key risk factors in multiple myeloma disease prevalence, suggesting that BMAds may influence and be influenced by myeloma cells in the marrow. Here, we provide evidence that reciprocal interactions and cross-regulation of myeloma cells and BMAds play a role in multiple myeloma pathogenesis and treatment response. Bone marrow biopsies from patients with multiple myeloma revealed significant loss of BMAT with myeloma cell infiltration of the marrow, whereas BMAT was restored after treatment for multiple myeloma. Myeloma cells reduced BMAT in different preclinical murine models of multiple myeloma and <i>in vitro</i> using myeloma cell-adipocyte cocultures. In addition, multiple myeloma cells altered adipocyte gene expression and cytokine secretory profiles, which were also associated with bioenergetic changes and induction of a senescent-like phenotype. <i>In vivo</i>, senescence markers were also increased in the bone marrow of tumor-burdened mice. BMAds, in turn, provided resistance to dexamethasone-induced cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis, illuminating a new possible driver of myeloma cell evolution in a drug-resistant clone. Our findings reveal that bidirectional interactions between BMAds and myeloma cells have significant implications for the pathogenesis and treatment of multiple myeloma. Targeting senescence in the BMAd or other bone marrow cells may represent a novel therapeutic approach for treatment of multiple myeloma. SIGNIFICANCE: This study changes the foundational understanding of how cancer cells hijack the bone marrow microenvironment and demonstrates that tumor cells induce senescence and metabolic changes in adipocytes, potentially driving new therapeutic directions.
A short review of read-only memories (1963)

The history of read-only memories in telephone and digital-computer systems is briefly surveyed and their similarity to logic circuits demonstrated by reference to the diode matrix. A description is given of the principles of operation and important characteristics of the following types of read-only memory: capacitor matrix, mutual-inductance matrix, transformer (Dimond ring) type, square-loop ferrite-core matrix, permanent-magnet twistor matrix, flying-spot store and electroluminescent matrix. These memories are briefly compared.
Self-reorganization of symptom parameters in frequency domain for failure diagnosis by genetic algorithms (1998)

In the field of failure diagnosis of plant machinery, one of the most important and most difficult factors is the identification of Symptom Parameters (SP). Failures of machinery can be sensitively detected and the failure types can be distinguished by using the optimum SP. Currently, however, there is no acceptable method for extracting the optimum SP. In order to overcome this difficulty and ensure highly accurate failure diagnosis, in this paper a new method called "Self-reorganization of Symptom Parameters" has been proposed by using Genetic Algorithms (GA). The new method can also be applied to other pattern recognition problems. It has been proved that the optimum SP can be quickly discovered by applying the method to many practical machinery diagnoses.
Activation of estrogen receptor-β by a special extract of Rheum rhaponticum (ERr 731®), its aglycones and structurally related compounds (2006)

The special extract ERr 731® from the roots of Rheum rhaponticum is the major constituent of Phytoestrol® N which has been used for the treatment of climacteric symptoms for decades. However, the molecular mode of action of ERr 731® underlying its proven clinical efficacy is not completely clarified. Therefore, we addressed the question whether ERr 731® and its aglycones trans-rhapontigenin and desoxyrhapontigenin exert their biological action via estrogen receptor-alpha -beta (ERa, ERß). The effects were compared to the structurally related compounds cis-rhapontigenin, resveratrol and piceatannol. As controls, estradiol or selective agonists for ERa (Propylpyrazoltriol) or ERß (Diarylpropionitril) were used. As ERa transactivation systems, ERa-expressing yeasts, alkaline phosphatase induction in Ishikawa cells, and bone derived U2OS cells stably expressing ERa were used. In addition, two independent systems transiently expressing ERß, the human endometrial adenocarcinoma cells HEC1B, and the U2OS cells were investigated. Neither ERr 731® or the hydroxystilbenes activated ERa in the yeast system, or in Ishikawa, or in HEC1B cells. Only in ERa-expressing U2OS cells, a very weak, but statistically significant ERa activity was detectable with ERr 731®, desoxyrhapontigenin and resveratrol which might suggest an osteoprotective effect of ERr 731®. Interestingly, the single test compounds and the total extract ERr 731® significantly induced the reporter gene activity in both ERß test systems with a more pronounced dose-dependency in the endometrial system. The ERß expressing U2OS cells responded to lower doses of the test substances indicating a higher sensitivity of this test system. All effects could be abolished with the pure ER antagonist Faslodex™, indicating an ER-specific effect. This is the first report of ERß specific activities by ERr 731® and related hydroxystilbenes. These findings could be of importance for the clinical use of ERr 731®, as crucial central functions relevant to climacteric complaints are proposed to be mediated via ERß activation.
Endwall geometric uncertainty and error on the performance of TUDA-GLR-OpenStage transonic axial compressor (2023)

The hub and casing walls of axial compressors are often modeled as smooth continuous surfaces in CFD simulations, but in real geometries, non-smooth pinches, steps and leakage cavities may exist. In the GPPS first Turbomachinery CFD Workshop, a comprehensive validation and verification campaign of RANS flow solvers was conducted, and all the simulation results consistently over-predicted the total pressure ratio at the rotor exit near the casing and the stator exit near the hub. From a recent examination of the test rig geometry, a pinched casing wall over the rotor and a leakage cavity below the stator were found, which were not considered in the workshop. In this paper, the effects of these endwall geometric uncertainties and errors are analyzed via numerical simulation. When considering the rotor casing pinch of the test geometry, the predicted total pressure ratio and choke mass flow of the compressor stage are smaller than that without the pinch, leading to better agreement with the measured data. When considering a stator hub cavity with a leakage flow rate of about 0.2% of the compressor inlet mass flow, the near-hub total pressure ratio distribution matches slightly better with the experimental data, but the effects on the global compressor stage characteristics are not visible. The relevant mechanisms of these changes in performances are analyzed in detail. The updated geometries and grids will be released to the public as a benchmark test case for turbomachinery CFD validation and verification.
Mécanismes génétiques de l'adaptation chez les Végétaux (1984)

RésuméUn végétal possède une très grande sensibilité au milieu et se trouve génétiquement adapté pour faire face aux variations prévisibles et imprévisibles de son environnement. Néanmoins, ce ne sont pas les mêmes mécanismes qui sont mis en jeu dans les deux cas. Le programme génétique fixe qui se traduit par une évolution morphogénétique des ébauches mises en place par les méristèmes, est particulièrement adapté aux variations répétables de l'écosystème où se trouve la plante. Par contre, une réserve d'expression génétique, appelée charge génétique, peut être sollicitée pour des adaptations finales aux conditions particulières, transitoires, imprévues auxquelles les tissus de la plante sont soumis. Des hypothèses sur les modalités de cette réactivité du végétal sont présentées et discutées.
Quenching of superoxide ions by curcumin. A mechanistic study in acetonitrile. (2002)

The quenching of superoxide ions, O2.-, by curcumin has been studied by electrogenerating this anion radical from oxygen dissolved in acetonitrile solvent (that is, at best, a mimic of the lipofilic layer of biological membranes), containing known amounts of curcumin. Voltammetric tests, combined with coulometric and spectrophotometric measurements, pointed out that each mol of curcumin is able to react with six mols of such anion radical, through a process initiated by an acid-base step, which provides the perhydroxyl radical, HO2.; that disproportionates rapidly to the anionic form of hydrogen peroxide, HO2-, and oxygen, which is thus partially regenerated. At the same time, curcumin is converted to the corresponding three-charged anion. The strict resemblance existing between the mechanism of the rapid superoxide radical decay caused by curcumin and that involved in the presence of the superoxodismutase enzyme (SOD) is also underlined.
Modeling the impact of thermal history during post-exposure bake on the lithographic performance of chemically amplified resists (2001)

In this study, the influence of the thermal history during post exposure bake (PEB) on the lithographic performance of a chemically amplified resist is examined using a reaction-diffusion model of the resist combined with an arbitrary time-temperature profile. The temperature profiles investigated in this study are either based on a simple heat transfer model or arbitrary time-temperature data. The heat transfer model allows variation of the rise time to the bake temperature, of the cooling process during transfer to the chill plate, and of the fall time to the chill plate temperature. Calculations of the dose-to-size for dense features and the iso-dense bias are presented for typical temperature profiles, and these results are contrasted with the lithographic responses for an ideal bake. Also, the lithographic response for a double bake is presented. For certain resist model parameters, the lithographic response for a higher temperature bake followed by a lower temperature bake can be significantly different from the response when the lower temperature bake precedes the higher temperature bake.
Some Legal Reflections on Prolonged Israeli Occupation of Gaza and the West Bank (1989)

Journal Article Some Legal Reflections on Prolonged Israeli Occupation of Gaza and the West Bank Get access RICHARD FALK RICHARD FALK Professor Falk is Albert G. Milbank Professor of International Law and Practice at Princeton University He was co-editor of Crimes of War (1971) Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Refugee Studies, Volume 2, Issue 1, 1989, Pages 40–51, https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/2.1.40 Published: 01 January 1989
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Cross‐Couplings of Racemic Propargylic Halides with Arylzinc Reagents. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Nucleus Laminaris (2017)

This chapter focuses on the microcircuitry of the chicken nucleus laminaris (NL), which is an excellent example of neural architecture exquisitely tailored for its specialized function in sound localization. Neurons in NL are binaural coincidence detectors, encoding temporal information of sound arriving at the two ears by responding maximally when resulting action potentials arrive simultaneously. The text will discuss the important anatomical and physiological specializations of NL that optimize this fundamental ability for binaural hearing in most birds and mammals.