gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of downlink training sequences for FDD massive MIMO systems (2015)

In the massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) system, a large number of transmit antennas are deployed at base stations. The massive MIMO has been proposed as one of the key technologies for the next generation of wireless communication systems. A major problem in practice to realize the capacity improvement promised by the massive MIMO technology is the availability of the channel state information in downlink at the base station. In frequency division duplexing (FDD) massive MIMO systems, the overhead of the training sequences could overwhelm the precious downlink resources due to the large number of transmit antennas. Therefore, a training sequences design approach that exploits the channel spatial correlation is proposed to reduce the overhead of training sequences. The optimal training sequence structure is analyzed and the length of optimal training sequence which could maximize the achievable data rate is evaluated by the Monte Carlo simulations in this paper. It is shown that the overhead is significantly reduced and a trade-off between accuracy of channel estimation and the system achievable data rate is achieved simultaneously by the proposed training sequences design method.
Thermal properties of the hybrid graphene-metal nano-micro-composites: Applications in thermal interface materials (2012)

The authors report on synthesis and thermal properties of the electrically conductive thermal interface materials with the hybrid graphene-metal particle fillers. The thermal conductivity of resulting composites was increased by ∼500% in a temperature range from 300 K to 400 K at a small graphene loading fraction of 5-vol.-%. The unusually strong enhancement of thermal properties was attributed to the high intrinsic thermal conductivity of graphene, strong graphene coupling to matrix materials, and the large range of the length-scale—from nanometers to micrometers—of the graphene and silver particle fillers. The obtained results are important for the thermal management of advanced electronics and optoelectronics.
Expression of human factor IX and its subfragments in Escherichia coli and generation of antibodies to the subfragments (1987)

A cDNA clone encoding the entire human blood clotting factor IX (amino acids -3 to 415 has been placed under control of transcription and translation signals from bacteriophage T7 and expressed in Escherichia coli. The full-length cDNA and 13 different subfragments (which together cover the entire coding sequence of mature factor IX plus amino acids -40 to -19 of the prepro leader sequence) have each been joined to the coding sequence for the major capsid protein of T7 after the 326th codon and expressed as fusion proteins. All of the fusion proteins were insoluble, which facilitated their purification. A goat polyclonal antiserum against human factor IX reacted to different extents with the different fusion proteins, and rabbit polyclonal antibodies raised against the purified fusion proteins recognize the factor IX molecule, as demonstrated by immunoblotting techniques. Antibodies against at least one of the fusion proteins can also inhibit the biological activity of purified factor IX in a one-stage partial thromboplastin time bioassay. We expect these fusion proteins and the antibodies against them to be useful in studying the structure and function of factor IX.
Conformational effects on mesophase stability: numerical comparison of carborane diester homologous series with their bicyclo[2.2.2]octane, cyclohexane and benzene analogues (2008)

Three series of diesters of 4‐alkoxyphenols containing 12‐vertex p‐carborane (1A[n], n = 1–22), 10‐vertex p‐carborane (1B[n], n = 1–12) or bicyclo[2.2.2]octane (1C[n], n = 1–12) as the central structural element were prepared and investigated by optical and calorimetric methods. All carborane diesters exhibited exclusively nematic behaviour, whereas the carbocyclic analogues 1C[n] and also cyclohexane (1D[n]) and benzene (1E[n]) derivatives, showed early onset of SmA phase and complete disappearance of nematic behaviour. The isotropic transition temperatures, T MI, for the five series of mesogens were analysed numerically using a three‐parameter exponential function. The resulting limiting values, T MI(∞), provided a quantitative assessment of the central element ability to support the mesogenic state. They demonstrated that, whereas the T MI(∞) values for the carbocycles, C, D, and E, are around 125°C, for carboranes A and B this value is 70±2°C and 49±19°C, respectively. Two types of comparative analysis of trends in T MI relative to those of the terephthalate series 1E[n] demonstrated abnormal behaviour of both carborane series (1A[n] and 1B[n]) and also the cyclohexane series (1D[n]). The former showed progressive destabilisation of the mesophase, whereas the series 1D[n] exhibited increasing mesophase stability relative to 1E[n] with increasing chain length. Both of these effects were explained using conformational analysis of theoretical models and experimental molecular structures for 1A[3], 1B[4] and 1C[4]. The increasing relative destabilisation of the mesophase in the carborane derivatives was rationalised by the high order rotational axes in A and B and D 4d symmetry for B. The trend of the ΔT MI values for series 1D[n] was explained with the existence of the equatorial‐axial conformational equilibrium for the cyclohexane derivatives. The clearing temperatures for the hypothetical pure diequatorial conformers 1D[n]‐ee were estimated.
Accessing the near-infrared spectral region with stable, synthetic, wavelength-tunable bacteriochlorins (2008)

The near-infrared (NIR) spectral region has been comparatively under-utilized for diverse materials and medical applications owing to the lack of chromophores that afford stability, solubility, synthetic malleability, and tunable photophysical features. Bacteriochlorins are attractive candidates in this regard; however, preparation via modification of naturally occurring bacteriochlorophylls or reduction of porphyrins or chlorins has proved cumbersome. To overcome such limitations, a dibromobacteriochlorin (BC-Br3Br13) was prepared de novo by the acid-catalyzed condensation of an 8-bromodihydrodipyrrin-acetal. BC-Br3Br13 bears (1) a geminal dimethyl group in each reduced ring to block adventitious dehydrogenation, and (2) bromo groups at the 3- and 13-positions for further chemical modifications. BC-Br3Br13 was subjected to four types of Pd-mediated coupling reaction (Suzuki, Stille, Sonogashira, dehalogenation) to give bacteriochlorins bearing substituents at the 3- and 13-positions (phenyl, vinyl, acetyl, phenylethynyl), and a benchmark bacteriochlorin lacking such substituents. The 3,13-divinylbacteriochlorin was transformed to the 3,13-diformylbacteriochlorin. Depending on the substituents at the 3- and 13-positions, the position of the long-wavelength absorption maximum (Qy(0,0) band) lies between 713 and 771 nm, the fluorescence emission maximum lies between 717 and 777 nm, and the fluorescence quantum yield ranges from 0.15 to 0.070. The ability to introduce a wide variety of functional groups via Pd-mediated coupling reactions and the tunable absorption and emission spectral properties suggest that synthetic bacteriochlorins are viable candidates for a wide variety of photochemical applications.
The impact of delayed acknowledgments on TCP performance over satellite links (2001)

The performance of the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) over network paths that include a wireless or a satellite link is a very active area of research. A number of papers have been published proposing different ways to improve TCP over these kinds of links, either by new TCP functionality, or by link level enhancements. Very few of these papers consider the delayed acknowledgment strategy that is implemented by many TCP receivers, when presenting their results. In this paper we will show that this acknowledgment strategy can have a significant impact on the performance of TCP and should not be neglected when evaluating new solutions for wireless environments.
Validated Pediatric Functional Outcomes of All-epiphyseal ACL Reconstructions: Does Reinjury Affect Outcomes? (2018)

Level III-retrospective comparative study.
Center of Pressure Regularity With and Without Stochastic Resonance Stimulation in Stable and Unstable Ankles (2014)

Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is associated with sensorimotor deficits, which may affect dynamic complexity by constraining the postural control system. Stochastic resonance stimulation (SRS) may restore sensory function and promote healthy postural control dynamics. This study used Sample entropy (SampEn) during quiet single-and double-leg stance to examine the impact of CAI on center of pressure velocity (COPV) dynamics and the effects of SRS on COPV dynamics in individuals with CAI. Group differences in baseline SampEn were observed in double-leg resultant COPV, single-leg mediolateral COPV, and single-leg resultant COPV (P < .05). For single-leg mediolateral and resultant COPV, SampEn in the CAI group with SRS was not different than SampEn in the control group without SRS (P > .05). These findings suggest that CAI is associated with changes in behavioral complexity and that SRS may restore complex COPV dynamics in individuals with CAI.
Digitally Linearized Radio-Over Fiber Transmitter Architecture for Cloud Radio Access Network’s Downlink (2018)

We propose a digitally linearized radio-over fiber (RoF) downlink transmitter architecture for cloud radio access networks (C-RANs), and we demonstrate its proof of principle in the near-millimeter wave (mm-wave) range (24 GHz). Amplification of input radio frequency signal power is commonly adopted to minimize the impact of photodetection noise on the dynamic range at the receiver. Unfortunately, this amplification causes the RoF system to behave nonlinearly, leading to distortions during the electrical-optical-electrical conversion process that degrades the overall signal quality. To overcome this problem and linearize the RoF link, we propose and implement effective digital predistortion (DPD) using a memory polynomial model. Experimentally, comparing the error vector magnitude (EVM) of a 64-quadratic-amplitude modulation (QAM) 20-MHz bandwidth (BW) long-term evolution (LTE) signal modulated onto a 24-GHz carrier with and without linearization, we found a signal quality improvement by 4.2%, resulting in an EVM value of 2%. Broader LTE signals of BWs up to 100 MHz were experimentally tested to achieve EVM values below 3.5% after DPD, both for 64 and 256 QAM. It is worth highlighting that the remote radio head (RRH) unit does not require any frequency up conversion to generate the mm-wave signals and the centralized baseband unit can serve multiple remote RRHs operating at different frequencies as in C-RANs. Our results demonstrate the suitability of the proposed C-RAN transmitter architecture for next generation 5G wireless communication networks.
The c-kit receptor ligand functions as a mast cell chemoattractant (1992)

Mast cells accumulate at sites of neovascularization, solid tumors, and many immune reactions. Such accumulation requires directed migration of mature mast cells or their precursors. The nature of the chemoattractants that regulate mast cell motility and the identity of the receptors that mediate the chemotactic response are poorly understood. We have tested the ability of stem cell factor (SCF), a mast cell growth factor, to stimulate mast cell migration. Our results show that SCF is a potent mast cell attractant that stimulates directional motility of both mucosal and connective tissue-type mast cells. The activity is potentiated by costimulation with interleukin-3 (IL-3), another mast cell chemoattractant. SCF, a known ligand for the c-kit tyrosine kinase receptor, was unable to stimulate motility in W42 mutant mast cells, which have a defective c-kit tyrosine kinase. However, W42 mast cells were still able to migrate in response to IL-3. These results show that SCF is a chemotactic factor as well as a growth factor and that the c-kit receptor can transduce signals leading to both cell proliferation and increased directional cell motility.
ATouch-Tone®Receiver-Generator With Digital Channel Filters (1976)

A Touch-Tone® receiver with cyclotomic digital channel filters introduced in a companion paper is presented in this paper. A comparison with standard digital channel filters reveals that the number of additions per second needed to implement the channel filters is significantly reduced using cyclotomic filters. The performance of cyclotomic filters as a function of their period is presented in graphic form. The results presented here simulating the filter with random inputs indicates that the filters can effectively reject non-Touch-Tone signals. Sensitivity of some important criteria as a function of the accuracy of the clock used to control the digital filters is summarized. The results show that the filters are not particularly sensitive to nonaccurate clocks.
Microbial flocculants. Part I Screening for and characteristics of microbial flocculants. (1986)

Fourteen strains of the genera Rhodococcus, Nocardia, and Corynebacterium were found to produce substances which flocculate kaolin clay. Rhodococcus erythropolis produces a kind of the microbial flocculant. It had very interesting and unique flocculating characteristics. It could efficiently flocculate all suspended solids in aqueous solution tested. Among those effectively tested were microorganisms such as E. coli and alcohol yeast, activated sludge, Microcystis aeruginosa (AOKO), kaolin clay, muddy water, river dredging muddy water, river bottom sediment (HEDORO), ash from a steam-power station, and chacoal. These results indicated that the flocculant from R. erythropolis had a wide flocculating activity against both organic and inorganic materials. Cationic ions such as Ca2+ also significantly increased the flocculating activity.
Induction of human papillomavirus oncogene‐specific CD8 T‐cell effector responses in the genital mucosa of vaccinated mice (2009)

Cervical cancer, the second leading cause of cancer mortality in women worldwide, results from infection with a subset of human papillomaviruses (HPV), HPV-16 being the most prevalent type. The available prophylactic vaccines are an effective strategy to prevent this cancer in the long term. However, they only target 70-80% of all cervical cancers and cannot control existing HPV infections and associated lesions. Therapeutic vaccines are thus necessary for women who cannot benefit from prophylactic vaccination. Induction of protective immune responses in the genital mucosa (GM) may be crucial for efficacy of HPV therapeutic vaccines. We report here that mice that received a single subcutaneous (s.c.) vaccination of an adjuvanted long synthetic HPV16 E7(1-98) polypeptide showed induction of 100% tumor protection against s.c. TC-1 tumors and that tumor regression was mainly provided by CD8 T cells. In vivo cytotoxic assay revealed high E7-specific cytolytic T lymphocytes activity in spleen and in genital draining lymph nodes (LN), and E7-specific CD8 T cells could be detected in GM by tetramer staining. More importantly, high-avidity E7-specific INF-gamma secreting CD8 T cells were induced not only in blood, spleen and LN but also in GM of vaccinated mice, thus providing evidence that a parenteral vaccination may be sufficient to provide regression of genital tumors. In addition, there was no correlation between the responses measured in blood with those measured in GM, highlighting the necessity and relevance to determine the immune responses in the mucosa where HPV-tumors reside.
Chapter 8. Self-Assembly of Starch Spherulites as Induced by Inclusion Complexation with Small Ligands (2007)

Starch is synthesized in higher plants in the form of partly crystalline granules with different morphologies and sizes between 1 and 100 μm. The linear amylose and the branched amylopectin are the starch polymers, and most common starches are composed of 25% amylose and 75% amylopectin. The formati...
VP45.08: A novel artificial intelligence approach for the automatic differentiation of fetal occiput anterior and non‐occiput anterior positions during labour (2021)

To develop a machine learning (ML) algorithm for the automatic classification of fetal occiput position at transperineal ultrasound (TPU) during the second stage of labour. Multicentre international prospective study including 15 maternities and conducted on singleton term pregnancies with cephalic presenting fetus in the second stage of labour. Firstly, transabdominal ultrasound was performed to assess the fetal occiput position, which was labelled into occiput anterior (OA) or non-OA and represented the gold standard reference for training and validation. Secondly, sonographic images of the fetal head were acquired with TPU on the axial plane and archived on a cloud for remote analysis. A ML algorithm based on a pattern recognition feed-forward neural network was developed from transperineal images. In the training phase the algorithm was trained on labelled data (training dataset) in order to assess the fetal head position by evaluating the geometric, morphological and intensity-based features of the images. In the testing phase, the diagnostic accuracy of the algorithm was evaluated on unlabelled data (testing dataset). The Cohen's kappa (k) evaluated the agreement between the ML algorithm and the gold standard. 1219 cases were enrolled, of whom 70% were randomly assigned to the training dataset (n = 824) and the remaining (n = 395 patients) to the testing dataset. 801 (65.7%) had OA position. The ML-based algorithm correctly classified the fetal occiput position in 90.6% of cases (357 out of 395), including 224/246 (91.0%) OA and 133/149 (89.3%) non-OA positions. A high agreement between the ML algorithm and the gold standard method was also noted (k = 0.81; p < 0.0001). A ML algorithm for the automatic assessment of the fetal head position at TPU has been developed, and can accurately distinguish OA and non-OA positions starting from ultrasound images acquired on the transperineal axial plane.
Supplemental Figure 2 from The Effects of a Remote-based Weight Loss Program on Adipocytokines, Metabolic Markers, and Telomere Length in Breast Cancer Survivors: the POWER-Remote Trial (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Exploratory analysis comparing weight loss across various clinical subgroups.&lt;/p&gt;
Post-Surgical Indications to Radioiodine Treatment and Potential Risk Factors for Post-Treatment Recurrence in Patients with Intermediate-Risk Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma (2023)

In this multicentric retrospective observational study, we investigated the potential risk factors for radioiodine (RAI) indication and the post-treatment recurrence of intermediate-risk differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) 1 and 3 years from diagnosis. We included 121 patients who underwent thyroidectomy for intermediate-risk DTC. The 92 patients (76.0%) who underwent RAI treatment had a higher prevalence of extra-thyroid micro-extension (mETE) (<i>p</i> = 0.03), pT3 staging (<i>p</i> = 0.03) and recourse to therapeutic central (<i>p</i> = 0.04) and lateral (<i>p</i> = 0.01) neck dissection, as well as higher numbers (<i>p</i> = 0.02) and greater dimensions (<i>p</i> = 0.01) of lymph node metastases, compared with untreated patients. Relapse was observed in 18.1% and 20.7% of cases 1 and 3 years from diagnosis, respectively, with no significant differences between groups. A lower age at diagnosis (<i>p</i> = 0.03) and higher levels of stimulated thyroglobulin (Tg) (<i>p</i> = 0.04) emerged as the only independent risk factors for tumour relapse at 1 year. Tumour relapse at 3 years was only independently predicted by the presence of tumour relapse at 1 year (<i>p</i> = 0.04). In conclusion, mETE, pT3 and the presence of large, multiple or clinically evident lymph node metastases represent the main indicators for referring patients to RAI treatment. Early recurrence may be considered the most relevant factor when planning further surveillance.
The clonal analysis of anticardiolipin antibodies in a single patient with primary antiphospholipid syndrome reveals an extreme antibody heterogeneity (2001)

The mechanism underlying the prothrombotic state that characterizes the primary antiphospholipid syndrome proves to be difficult to define mainly because of the variety of the phospholipid and protein targets of antiphospholipid antibodies that have been described. Much of the debate is related to the use of polyclonal antibodies during the different antiphospholipid assays. To better describe the antiphospholipid antibodies, a strategy was designed to analyze the reactivity of each one antibody making up the polyclonal anticardiolipin activity, breaking down this reactivity at the clonal level. This was performed in a single patient with primary antiphospholipid syndrome by combining (1) the antigen-specific selection of single cells sorted by flow cytometry using structurally bilayered labeled anionic phospholipids and (2) the cloning of immunoglobulin (Ig) variable (V) region genes originating from individual IgG anticardiolipin-specific B cells by a single-cell polymerase chain reaction technique. The corresponding V regions were cloned in order to express human recombinant antibodies in insect cells by a baculovirus expression system. The molecular analysis, the fine specificity, and the protein cofactor dependency of the first 5 monoclonal IgG anticardiolipins are reported here. This clonal analysis reveals the extreme heterogeneity of these antibodies, which could account for the difficulties in the previous attempts to define the pathogenic antiphospholipid response. This approach should help to unravel the complex antiphospholipid immune response and the mechanism of the prothrombotic state associated with these antibodies, but it could also shed some light on their possible origins. (Blood. 2001;97:3820-3828)
Pressure-induced removal of magnetostructural inhomogeneity in Ge-richGd5(SixGe1−x)4giant magnetocaloric alloys (2008)

We investigate the emergence of ferromagnetism (FM) in low-Si-content ${\text{Gd}}_{5}{({\text{Si}}_{x}{\text{Ge}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x})}_{4}$ alloys $(x=0.025,0.05,0.075)$ from within the antiferromagnetic (AFM) phase of the ${\text{Gd}}_{5}{\text{Ge}}_{4}$ parent compound. X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) and bulk magnetization measurements show that all samples exhibit partial FM order at low temperature, but their saturation magnetization is reduced relative to higher-Si-content samples $(x=0.125,0.5)$. This reduced magnetization is due to an incomplete $\text{AFM}\text{ }\text{orthorhombic}(\text{II})\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\text{FM}\text{ }\text{orthorhombic}(\text{I})$ magnetostructural phase transition upon cooling, as evidenced by x-ray diffraction. High-pressure XMCD measurements in a diamond-anvil cell show that applied pressures of 5.0, 3.0, and 2.0 GPa restore the full saturation magnetization in $x=0.025$, 0.05, and 0.075 samples, respectively, by stabilizing the FM-O(I) phase. The mixed-phase behavior is also evidenced in $d{T}_{c}/dP$, which strongly varies with silicon concentration in these samples at low pressures but becomes independent of $x$ at higher pressures where values typical of higher-$x$ samples $(0.125&lt;x&lt;0.5)$ are found.