gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Hot-pressing Pressure on Some Properties of Polycrystalline Graphite made from Coke Powder with addition of Boron Carbide (1982)

Polycrystalline graphites were made from a calcined pitch coke powder with boron carbide (B4C) additive in amounts varying from0to16.7wt% by hot-pressing at 2200°C under various pressures from 20 to 400 kg/cm2. The effect of hot-pressing pressure was investigated on some properties such as density, bending strength, electrical resistivity, graphitization degree and oxidation behaviour of the hot-pressed solids.It was found that the density and bending strength of the hot-pressed solids increased remarkably with increasing hot-pressing pressure. The obtained values were, however, depended on the content of B4C additive;that is, in the cases of4.8wt% and16.7wt% B4C additions, the bending strength was about900kg/cm2 and about1400kg/cm2 respectively for solids made at a maximum pressure of400kg/cm2.Electrical resistivity decreased with the increase of hot-pressing pressure and was abou 0.5-0.6×10-3 ohm-cm for all the hot-pressed solids with B4C additive made at400kg/cm2.The d (002) spacings of the hot-pressed solids expanded slightly and three dimensional disordering of graphite structure occurred with the increase of hot-pressing pressure.Their graphitization degree, however, progressed much more than those for the solids without B4C additive. The degradation behaviour of graphite structure is thought to be due to boron diffusion and its interstitial occupation between layers in addition to substitutional positions.All the hot-pressed solids made with B4C additive showed excellent resistance against air oxidation and H2SO4-HNO3acid solution, compared with those of solids without B4C additive and some conventional graphites.
Optimized configurations for actively shielded magnetic resonance imaging magnets (1991)

A unique design approach based on the multistage Monte Carlo method is suggested. It allows for a thorough search for optimized designs within the bounds of the multidimensional design space created by the competing requirements and imposed spatial restrictions. This design space is shown to contain a multiplicity of different coil configurations, each processing a sharply defined minimum in the resulting stray field level, field inhomogeneity, or amount of conductor. Optimization techniques that depend on local gradients would tend, in such a case, to be trapped in the many local minima and fail to locate a global minimum. Several examples are discussed to highlight the advantages of the proposed design approach.
From Rare Gas Atoms to Fullerenes: Spherical Aromaticity Studied From the Point of View of Atomic Structure Theory (2003)

The characteristic features of molecules like polyhedra and fullerenes, which follow the 2(N+1)(2) rule of spherical aromaticity, can be related to energetically stable closed-shell configurations of (pseudo-)atoms. This unifying view relies on a thought experiment, which produces a polyhedron in a two-step process and which can, in turn, relate the electronic configuration of any spherical polyhedron to the one of a corresponding closed-shell atom. In the first step, the electronic ground-state configuration is identified. In the second step, a group theoretical analysis can be carried out; this relates the spherically symmetric atomic orbitals to the molecular orbitals classified according to the irreducible representations of the point group of the polyhedron under consideration. This procedure explains and justifies the pseudo-l classification of molecular orbitals, which is the basis of the 2(N+1)(2) rule. For the transition from the electronic configuration of the rare gas Eka-Rn (Uuo) to the icosahedral fullerene C(20) (2+), we show how a change in the ground-state configuration leads to the phenomenologically found 2(N+1)(2) rule for spherically aromatic fullerenes.
Cloning and characterization of an Ito-like potassium channel from ferret ventricle (1994)

FK1, a ferret ventricular full-length cDNA clone, encodes a 654-amino acid protein with 98% identity to human K+ transient outward current (Ito)-like HK1 (Tamkun et al. FASEB J.5: 331-337, 1991). FK1 is detectable in ferret brain, atrium, left and right ventricle, and kidney but not in skeletal muscle, endothelial cells, aorta, and liver. In Xenopus oocytes, FK1 cRNA gives rise to a rapidly activating and inactivating Ito-like current, which is highly K+ selective (Na(+)-to-K+ permeability ratio = 0.003). Activation occurs over an approximately 50-mV range (-40 to +10 mV) and displays a sigmoid delay in onset with potential-dependent time constants that decrease with depolarization. Steady-state activation can be described with either a simple Boltzmann relationship [half-activation potential (V1/2) = -25 mV, slope (k) = 10 mV] or a Boltzmann relationship raised to either the third or fourth power (alpha 3: V1/2 = -43 mV, kappa = 13.1 mV; alpha 4: V1/2 = -48 mV, kappa = 13.6 mV, where alpha is the activation variable). Inactivation kinetics are biexponential, with the main fast time constant becoming independent of membrane potential depolarized to 0 mV. Steady-state inactivation can be described with a single Boltzmann relationship (V1/2 = -57 mV, kappa = 5.0 mV). Fast inactivation is removed by NH2-terminal deletions. Recovery from inactivation (-90 mV) is quite slow (half-time = 4.8 +/- 2.5 s). In 2 mM extracellular K+ concentration ([K+]o), FK1 tail currents display conventional deactivation behavior; however, in 98 mM [K+]o the tail currents display "reopening" behavior. These results suggest a molecular basis for the electrophysiological similarities between ferret and human ventricular Ito (Campbell et al. J. Gen. Physiol. 101: 571-601, 1993; Näbauer et al. Circ. Res. 73: 386-394, 1993).
Beam-deposited platinum as versatile catalyst for bottom-up silicon nanowire synthesis (2014)

The controlled localized bottom-up synthesis of silicon nanowires on arbitrarily shaped surfaces is still a persisting challenge for functional device assembly. In order to address this issue, electron beam and focused ion beam-assisted catalyst deposition have been investigated with respect to platinum expected to form a PtSi alloy catalyst for a subsequent bottom-up nanowire synthesis. The effective implementation of pure platinum nanoparticles or thin films for silicon nanowire growth has been demonstrated recently. Beam-deposited platinum contains significant quantities of amorphous carbon due to the organic precursor and gallium ions for a focused ion beam-based deposition process. Nevertheless, silicon nanowires could be grown on various substrates regardless of the platinum purity. Additionally, p-type doping could be realized with diborane whereas n-type doping suppressed a nanowire growth. The rational utilization of this beam-assisted approach enables us to control the localized synthesis of single silicon nanowires at planar surfaces but succeeded also in single nanowire growth at the three-dimensional apex of an atomic force microscopy tip. Therefore, this catalyst deposition method appears to be a unique extension of current technologies to assemble complex nanowire-based devices.
A 3-D Image-Based Guidance System for Handheld Optical Imaging Devices (2008)

We present a novel 3-D visualization and guidance system for handheld optical imaging devices. The system enables more accurate longitudinal studies, 3-D reconstruction of optical handheld measurements and joint analysis with other imaging modalities. Article not available.
An Inventory to Assess Students’ Knowledge of Second Law Concepts (2020)

Abstract Paper Title: An Inventory to Assess Students’ Knowledge of Second Law ConceptsJournal / Conference: ASEE 2014 ConferenceAuthors: T. Jacobs, J. Caton (Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas)Objective of Effort / Study: Design a concept inventory that assesses students’ knowledge andconceptualization of second law concepts.Objectives of Paper:1) Highlight the need to design a second law concept inventory2) Describe the process of developing the concept inventory (deciding what the importantconcepts to capture are).3) Provide the concept inventory4) Assess the effectiveness of the concept inventoryProposed Abstract:Concept inventories are tools to help instructors and students assess student knowledge andretention of important concepts for various courses. In thermodynamics, several conceptinventories exist that center on energy, heat transfer, and temperature principles; the authorswere not able to find a concept inventory centered solely on second law concepts. A second lawconcept inventory is important since the interaction of entropy and energy is an important skillset for students to have when pursuing design and development of advanced energy conversiontechnology. The objective of this paper is to describe the development of a second law conceptinventory and assess the effectiveness of the concept inventory in terms of its robustness andclarity. The paper describes the development of the concept inventory, discusses modificationsthat were made based on initial assessments and feedback from students, and provides basic dataon the clarity and effectiveness of the concept inventory.Proposed Outline:I. AbstractII. Introduction a. Motivation b. Background c. Objective(s)III. Need for a second law conceptIV. Process of choosing concepts to be includedV. Description of concept inventoryVI. Assessment of concept inventory effectivenessVII. ConclusionsVIII. Acknowledgements (NSF, Advisory Panel, others)
Model checking programmable router configurations (2002)

Programmable networks offer the ability to customize router behaviour at run time, thus increasing flexibility of network administration. Programmable network routers are configured using domain-specific languages. In this paper, we describe our approach to defining the syntax and semantics of such a domain-specific language. The ability to evolve router programs dynamically creates potential for misconfigurations. By exploiting domain-specific abstractions, we are able to translate router configurations into Promela and validate them using the Spin model checker, thus providing reasoning support for our domain-specific language. To evaluate our approach we use our configuration language to express the IETF's Differentiated Services specification and show that industrial-sized DiffServ router configurations can be validated using Spin on a standard PC. © 2010 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Designed Antimicrobial Peptide P18 Analogues (2008)

To develop antimicrobial peptides having higher bacterial selectivity than a novel antimicrobial peptide P18, we synthesized several analogues. The P18 analogues are designed by movement of the N-terminal Trp2 residue in P18 (P18-W6, P18-W8 and P18-W15) and the substitution of the central Pro9 residue with D-Pro or Nala (P18-Nala9 and P18-D-Pro9). These analogues retained potent antibacterial activity but displayed less hemolytic activity than P18. From the viewpoint of their therapeutic index, P18 analogues had approximate 3- to 7-fold higher bacterial selectivity compared to P18. The analogues preferentially bind to bacterial membrane-mimicking negatively charged liposomes as well as does P18. Their high specificity to negatively charged phospholipids corresponds well with their high bacterial selectivity. Furthermore, P18-W6, P18-W8 and P18-Nala9 induced a significant inhibition in NO production from LPS-stimulated macrophage RAW264.7 cells, as well as P18. This result suggests that these peptides appear to have promising therapeutic potential for future development as a novel anti-inflammatory agent as well as antimicrobial agent.
Dominant variants in PRR12 result in unilateral or bilateral complex microphthalmia (2020)

Complex microphthalmia is characterized by small eyes with additional abnormalities that may include anterior segment dysgenesis. While many genes are known, a genetic cause is identified in only 4-30% of microphthalmia, with the lowest rate in unilateral cases. We identified four novel pathogenic loss-of-function alleles in PRR12 in families affected by complex microphthalmia and/or Peters anomaly, including two de novo, the first dominantly transmitted allele, as well as the first splicing variant. The ocular phenotypes were isolated with no additional systemic features observed in two unrelated families. Remarkably, ocular phenotypes were asymmetric in all individuals and unilateral (with structurally normal contralateral eye) in three. There are only three previously reported PRR12 variants identified in probands with intellectual disability, neuropsychiatric disorders, and iris anomalies. While some overlap with previously reported cases is seen, nonsyndromic developmental ocular anomalies are a novel phenotype for this gene. Additional phenotypic expansions included short stature and normal development/cognition, each noted in two individuals in this cohort, as well as absence of neuropsychiatric disorders in all. This study identifies new associations for PRR12 disruption in humans and presents a genetic diagnosis resulting in unilateral ocular phenotypes in a significant proportion of cases.
Leak localization in drinking water distribution networks using structured residuals (2014)

Summary In this paper, a new model‐based approach to leakage localization in drinking water distribution networks is proposed. In particular, a method for generating a set of structured residuals for water distribution networks systems is presented. Non‐linear static equations are typically used in the modeling of such systems. Unfortunately, these non‐linearities prevent explicit solutions and thus the subsequent analytical expressions of the residuals are not feasible. For this reason, the residual computation procedure presented here uses a numerical solver based on an enhanced Newton–Raphson algorithm. Moreover, because the water distribution networks usually present a high degree of interconnection between nodes, good leak isolability properties can easily be obtained by applying the proposed residual generation method. Nevertheless, not fully leak detection and isolation can always be achieved, thus a methodology for the analysis of leak diagnosis is also presented in this paper. To show the applicability and the potential of the proposed approach, the structured residual generators are tested on a real water network model and compared with another existing method based on directional residuals. Finally, the results of the two methods are combined in order to obtain the best of both methods. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Leguminous Cover Crops for Maintaining Soil Fertility in Sisal in Tanzania II. Effects on Moisture Status of Soil and Sisal (1971)

SUMMARY The effect of covers of controlled volunteer vegetation, Pueraria phaseoloides , and clean weeding on the soil moisture content and on the succulence of sisal leaves was studied. The surface soil tended to dry out further when exposed by clean weeding, but moisture in the profile as a whole was not much depleted. The plant covers dried soils to at least 300 cm. in dry periods. Although sisal leaves had a slightly higher dry matter content in dry weather there was no evidence of competition for water between the plant covers and the sisal.
Organ-Specific Protection Against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Vascular Leak Is Dependent on the Endothelial Protein C Receptor (2013)

This study demonstrates an important protective role for EPCR in vivo against vascular leakage during inflammation and suggests that EPCR-dependent vascular protection is organ-specific.
On Hard Adders and Carry Chains in FPGAs (2014)

Hardened adder and carry logic is widely used in commercial FPGAs to improve the efficiency of arithmetic functions. There are many design choices and complexities associated with such hardening, including circuit design, FPGA architectural choices, and the CAD flow. There has been very little study, however, on these choices and hence we explore a number of possibilities for hard adder design. We also highlight optimizations during front-end elaboration that help ameliorate the restrictions placed on logic synthesis by hardened arithmetic. We show that hard adders and carry chains, when used for simple adders, increase performance by a factor of four or more, but on larger benchmark designs that contain arithmetic, improve overall performance by roughly 15%. We measure an average area increase of 5% for architectures with carry chains but believe that better logic synthesis should reduce this penalty. Interestingly, we show that adding dedicated inter-logic-block carry links or fast carry look-ahead hardened adders result in only minor delay improvements for complete designs.
ChemInform Abstract: EISEN(II)‐ UND MANGAN(I)‐CARBORAN‐KOMPLEXE MIT METALL‐KOHLENSTOFF‐SIGMA‐BINDUNG (1971)

Abstract 1,10‐Dicarba‐closo‐decaboran(l0) sowie sein C‐monosubstituiertes Derivat führt über sein mit Butyllithium erhaltenes 1‐Lithio‐carboran bei Reaktion mit Cyclopentadienyldicarbonyleisenjodid bzw. Manganpentacarbonylbromid zu 1 den eine Metall‐Kohlenstoff‐o‐Bindung enthaltenden Nichtchelatverbindungen (Ia) und (II) (25, 75, 63%).
Scaling mass sensitivity of the BioCD at 0.25 pg/mm (2006)

The BioCD is a class of self-referencing interferometric optical biosensor that measures phase modulation from proteins on a spinning disk. The optical detection of the patterns at high speed yields low noise floors far from 1/f noise. Two scans of a disk before and after a 20 hour buffer wash are differenced yielding an rms surface height measurement error of 45 pm corresponding to 5 femtograms of protein within a focal spot diameter. Simple area scaling relations are derived that predict the performance of immunoassays as a function of well area. The scaling mass sensitivity of the BioCD is determined to be 0.25 pg/mm under the conditions of an assay, with a metrology limit of the technique between 0.05 to 0.1 pg/mm. The BioCD sensitivity is equivalent to the best reported surface mass sensitivity of surface plasmon resonance sensors, and is achieved without resonant structures and hence is easy to fabricate and operate.
A Fully Integrated C-Band GaN MMIC Doherty Power Amplifier With High Efficiency and Compact Size for 5G Application (2019)

This paper presents a fully integrated C-band Doherty power amplifier (DPA) based on a 0.25-μm GaN-HEMT process for the 5G massive MIMO application. The performance degradation caused by nonlinear output capacitance is analyzed, and a novel compensation technique is proposed. A low-Q output network is employed to broaden the bandwidth, and its insertion loss in the back-off region is demonstrated to be mainly decided by the Q-factor of the drain bias inductor of the main PA. Hence, by adopting on-chip transmission lines with high Q-factors for drain biasing, a full integration, and a low loss can be achieved simultaneously. Reversed uneven power splitting and back-off input matching are proposed for gain enhancement. The fabricated DPA demonstrates a small-signal gain of 8.6-11.6 dB, an output power of 40.4-41.2 dBm, a 6-dB back-off drain efficiency (DE) of 47% - 50%, and a saturation DE of 55%-63% across a wide bandwidth from 4.5 to 5.2 GHz, with an ultra-compact size of 2.2 mm × 2.1 mm. Using a 40-MHz LTE signal with a 7.7-dB peak-to-average power ratio at the carrier frequency of 4.9 GHz, the measured average output power and efficiency are 33 dBm and 43%, respectively. The raw adjacent channel power ratio is -29 dBc and is improved to -46 dBc by applying digital predistortion.
An approximate method for the acoustic attenuating orthorhombic eikonal equation (2018)

Solving the eikonal equation is used widely in traveltime calculation, tomography, Kirchhoff migration etc. The complex eikonal equation governs the traveltimes in an attenuating medium, where the real and imaginary parts of the traveltimes are associated with the phase and energy-absorption, respectively. Attenuating orthorhombic anisotropy can be used to explain the azimuthal variation of velocity- and attenuationanisotropy measured from surface seismic data. We present an approximate method to solve the acoustic eikonal equation for an attenuating orthorhombic medium. We combine perturbation theory and Shanks transform in different ways to derive the analytic solutions in the case of homogeneous media. We design a fast marching scheme to solve the acoustic eikonal equation numerically. We share some numerical examples to demonstrate the effectiveness of the complex eikonal equation in predicting attenuation. Note: This paper was accepted into the Technical Program but was not presented at the 2018 SEG Annual Meeting in Anaheim, California.
Study of propylene glycol thermal degradation by batch distillation process and analysis using ion chromatography (2022)

Application of regenerated thermodynamic inhibitor (THI) is a cost-effective way of hydrate inhibition in oil industries. There have been literature reports for application of regenerated THI monoethylene glycol (MEG) in order to keep the process economical and also to avoid releasing the used MEG to the environment in order to reduce its impact. In our previous studies, thermodynamic gas hydrate equilibrium curves were established for pure propylene glycol. So, in continuation to previous work, thermal degradation of propylene glycol is studied in this research to be applicable for gas hydrate inhibition as regenerated product. A laboratory batch distillation setup is utilized for conducting thermal degradation of propylene glycol (40 and 80 wt%). Degraded products were collected at different time intervals to identify generated organic acids. Major degradation product observed was lactic acid and other generated acids include formic, acetic and pyruvic acid. Results showed increase of degradation product concentration with increasing retention time and higher propylene glycol concentration. The degradation characteristics studied in the research work will be helpful to identify the parameters affecting the degraded propylene glycol efficiency to be tested as gas hydrate inhibitor in our future research work.
Erratum for the Research Article: “PI4KIIIβ is a therapeutic target in chromosome 1q–amplified lung adenocarcinoma” by X. Tan, P. Banerjee, E. A. Pham, F. U. N. Rutaganira, K. Basu, N. Bota-Rabassedas, H.-F. Guo, C. L. Grzeskowiak, X. Liu, J. Yu, L. Shi, D. H. Peng, B. L. Rodriguez, J. Zhang, V. Zheng, D. Y. Duose, L. M. Solis, B. Mino, M. G. Raso, C. Behrens, I. I. Wistuba, K. L. Scott, M. Smith, K. Nguyen, G. Lam, I. Choong, A. Mazumdar, J. L. Hill, D. L. Gibbons, P. H. Brown, W. K. Russell, K. Shokat, C. J. Creighton, J. S. Glenn, J. M. Kurie (2020)

In the Research Article “PI4KIIIβ is a therapeutic target in chromosome 1q–amplified lung adenocarcinoma,” two incorrect images were inserted into one figure (Fig. 3H). The PDF and HTML (full text) have been corrected.
Non‐Covalent Interactions of a Neuroprotective Peptide Revealed by Photodissociative Cross‐Linking in the Gas Phase (2018)

The small neuroprotective peptide Cys-Ala-Gln-Lys (CAQK) was selectively tagged with a diazirine group and its photochemical cross-linking was studied with model target peptides. Experimental results in combination with Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics revealed the structural preferences for binding to the amino acid residues in the target peptides. Effects of the target peptide sequence and N- and C-terminal modifications are discussed.