gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of Wind Speed on Volcano Ash Removal From Self-Cleaning Cover Films Dedicated for Photovoltaics (2021)

Soiling can significantly reduce the performance of photovoltaic (PV) modules. One source of soiling is volcano eruptions that eject dust contaminants, which can detrimentally affect PV systems. A microtextured fluoropolymer cover film for a PV module was evaluated as a passive antisoiling solution. In this case, the wind was investigated as a natural force to determine whether it can realize the desired self-cleaning functionality instead of the more commonly employed water droplets. Removal of dust particles of different size categories was investigated inside a wind tunnel. The results demonstrate dust removal of up to ∼90% from wind speeds of 8 m/s. Removal of small dust particles requires higher wind speeds compared with larger dust particles. Smaller dust particles were observed to be trapped within the microtexture cavities. Based on a multicrystalline PV minimodule, a performance recovery between 9.7%–24.0% in terms of short-circuit current density ( <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">J</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">SC</sub> ), relative to the soiled device, was projected. Utilization of wind for dust removal shows potential but would require further optimization of the microtexture design to enhance the self-cleaning function.
Therapeutic Potential of „Derived-Multiple Allogeneic Proteins Paracrine Signaling-D-Mapps” in the Treatment of Dry Eye Disease (2021)

Abstract Dry eye disease (DED) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the lacrimal system and ocular surface. Considering the important role of inflammation in DED development, the main treatment strategy has shifted from hydration and lubrication of dry ocular surface to the immunomodulation and immunoregulationapproach that should address the main pathologic processes responsible for disease progression. Due to their capacity for production of immunosuppressive factors, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their secretome have been considered as potentially new agents in DED therapy. We recently developed an immunomodulatory ophthalmic solution “derived- Multiple Allogeneic Proteins Paracrine Signaling (d-MAPPS)” which activity is relied on immunosuppressive capacity of MSC-derived secretome. d-MAPPS contains MSC-derived exosomes, growth factors and immunosuppressive cytokines that are able to efficiently suppress generation of inflammatory phenotype in T cells and macrophages. Herewith, we demonstrated that d-MAPPS protected human corneal epithelial cells from chemical injury and efficiently alleviated ocular discomfort and pain in 131 DED patients during the 12-month follow-up, indicating d-MAPPS eye drops as potentially new remedy for the treatment of DED patients.
Energy levels and upconversion fluorescence in trivalent thulium-doped yttrium scandium aluminum garnet (1993)

Absorption spectra of Tm3+ ions in yttrium scandium aluminum garnet are reported between 1.9 and 0.25 μm at 4 K. Laser-excited fluorescence was observed at 4 K from Tm3+(4f12) multiplet manifolds 1D2, 1G4, 3F2, and 3H4 to the ground-state manifold 3H6. Emission from 1D2 and 1G4 also includes transitions to Stark levels in manifolds 3F4 and 3H5. Upconversion excited fluorescence was observed between 1D2 and 3F4 at 10 K. Analysis of the fluorescence emission confirms assignments given to individual Stark levels based on an analysis of the absorption spectra. A crystal-field splitting calculation was carried out in which a parameterized Hamiltonian (including Coulombic, spin-orbit, and crystal-field terms in D2 symmetry) was diagonalized for all multiplets of the Tm3+(4f12) configuration. The rms deviation between 42 experimental and calculated Stark levels was 8 cm−1.
The Hydroxide Complex of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Heme Oxygenase as a Model of the Low-Spin Iron(III) Hydroperoxide Intermediate in Heme Catabolism:  13C NMR Spectroscopic Studies Suggest the Active Participation of the Heme in Macrocycle Hydroxylation (2003)

13C NMR spectroscopic studies have been conducted with the hydroxide complex of Pseudomonas aeruginosa heme oxygenase (Fe(III)-OH), where OH(-) has been used as a model of the OOH(-) ligand to gain insights regarding the elusive ferric hydroperoxide (Fe(III)-OOH) intermediate in heme catabolism at ambient temperatures. Analysis of the heme core carbon resonances revealed that the coordination of hydroxide in the distal site of the enzyme results in the formation of at least three populations of Fe(III)-OH complexes with distinct electronic configurations and nonplanar ring distortions that are in slow exchange relative to the NMR time scale. The most abundant population exhibits a spin crossover between S = (1)/(2) and S = (3)/(2) spin states, and the two less abundant populations exhibit pure, S = (3)/(2) and S = (1)/(2), (d(xy)())(1) electronic configurations. We propose that the highly organized network of water molecules in the distal pocket of heme oxygenase, by virtue of donating a hydrogen bond to the coordinated hydroxide ligand, lowers its ligand field strength, thereby increasing the field strength of the porphyrin (equatorial) ligand, which results in nonplanar deformations of the macrocycle. This tendency to deform from planarity, which is imparted by the ligand field strength of the coordinated OH(-), is likely reinforced by the flexibility of the distal pocket in HO. These findings suggest that if the ligand field strength of the coordinated OOH(-) in heme oxygenase is modulated in a similar manner, the resultant large spin density at the meso carbons and nonplanar deformations of the pophyrin ring prime the macrocycle to actively participate in its own hydroxylation.
Structure for catalysis (2020)

Abstract This chapter details the various patterns of enzyme mechanism and the various structural features helping to achieve catalysis. One of the striking features of enzyme catalysis is substrate specificity. In the lock-and-key hypothesis, the enzyme is viewed as a precisely shaped lock and only the right key, the substrate, can fit and turn it. The lock-and-key combination is the enzyme–substrate complex. A crucial ingredient of the enzyme’s equipment for achieving outstanding catalysis is the ‘catalytic groups’. The chapter then studies the importance of the flexible enzyme molecule, transition-state analogues, multi-substrate enzymes, and coenzymes or cofactors.
Electronic Trigger-Based Intervention to Reduce Delays in Diagnostic Evaluation for Cancer: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial (2015)

Electronic trigger-based interventions seem to be effective in reducing time to diagnostic evaluation of colorectal and prostate cancer as well as improving the proportion of patients who receive follow-up. Similar interventions could improve timeliness of diagnosis of other serious conditions.
Early versus late discharge after transcatheter aortic valve replacement and readmissions for permanent pacemaker implantation (2022)

In patients who did not require PPM during the index TAVR hospitalization, the rate of readmission for PPM implantation was similar with early versus late discharge.
Human Lupus Inclusions and Interferon (1981)

Raji cells, a human B lymphoblastoid cell line of Burkitt lymphoma origin, formed lupus inclusions when grown in a medium conditioned by the growth of Raji cells whose DNA thymidine residues had been unifilarly (single-strandedly) substituted with bromodeoxyuridine. Ultracentrifugation of this medium in excess of that required to remove Epstein-Barr virus and all other known mammalian viruses did not prevent the formation of the inclusions, and treatment of the conditioned medium with pronase destroyed the activity. These results demonstrate the presence of a protein that is secreted from bromodeoxyuridine-substituted Raji cells and is capable of inducing nonbromodeoxyuridine-substituted cells to form lupus inclusions. Interferon (100 units per milliliter) was found in the conditioned medium. Inclusions also formed in Raji cells grown in fresh medium supplemented with human leukocyte or fibroblast interferon (100 units per milliliter).
Abstract 5216: An Akt-EphA2 reciprocal regulatory loop controls tumor cell migration and invasion (2010)

Abstract EphA2 is a member of Eph family receptor tyrosine kinases that has been implicated in many types of human cancers. Perplexingly, both pro- and anti-oncogenic properties have been attributed to EphA2 kinase. We report here that a possible cause for this apparent paradox is diametrically opposite roles of EphA2 in regulating cell migration and invasion. While activation of EphA2 with its ligand ephrin-A1 inhibited chemotactic migration of glioma and prostate cancer cells, EphA2 overexpression promoted migration in a ligand-independent manner. Surprisingly, the latter effects required phosphorylation of EphA2 on serine 897 by Akt, and S897A mutation abolished ligand-independent promotion of cell motility. Ephrin-A1 stimulation of EphA2 negated Akt activation by growth factors and caused EphA2 dephosphorylation on S897. In human astrocytoma, S897 phosphorylation was correlated with tumor grades and Akt activation, suggesting that the Akt-EphA2 crosstalk may contribute to brain tumor progression. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5216.
Origins of the Stereoretentive Mechanism of Olefin Metathesis with Ru-Dithiolate Catalysts (2017)

A comprehensive computational study of stereoretentive olefin metathesis with Ru-dithiolate catalysts has been performed. We have determined how the dithiolate ligand enforces a side-bound mechanism and how the side-bound mechanism allows for stereochemical control over the forming olefin. We have used density functional theory (DFT) and ligand steric contour maps to elucidate the origins of stereoretentive metathesis with the goal of understanding how to design a new class of E-selective metathesis catalysts.
Time-Varying Outcomes With the Absorb Bioresorbable Vascular Scaffold During 5-Year Follow-up (2019)

ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers: NCT01751906, NCT01844284, NCT01923740, and NCT01425281.
Epistemology and Psychology of Mathematics Education (1990)

From this question, many other questions can be derived: How is knowledge acquired? What are the parts played by action, by perception, by language and symbolism in the development and the functioning of knowledge? What is the relationship between routinized knowledge and problem solving? And so forth.
Hapten Design and Antibody Preparation on Immunoassay toward the Insecticide Oxamyl (2000)

殺虫剤オキサミルを測定するため, 間接競合ELISA法が確立された. 4種類の免疫用ハプテンと3種類の分析用ハプテンを合成し, オキサミルと反応性を示すポリクローナル抗体およびモノクローナル抗体を調製した.免疫用ハプテンの内, N, N-dimethyl-2-(5-carboxypentyl)-carbamoyloxyirnino-2-(methylthio) acetamide は, オキサミルへの抗体を調製するために最も効果的だった. このハプテンを用いて調製したモノクローナル抗体は, すべてポリクローナル抗体より高い反応性を示した. なかでもモノクローナル抗体OXM6-8は最も高い反応性を示した. OXM 6-8と分析用ハプテンN, N-dimethyl-2-(4-carboxycyclohexyl) carbamoyloxyimino-2-(methylthio) acetamide を用いて間接競合ELISA法を構成することにより, 最も高い測定感度が得られた. この系における, オキサミルの50%阻害濃度は3.6ng/mlだった. また, ジャガイモのメタノール抽出液はこの反応性に影響を与えなかった.
High-throughput GCM VLSI architecture for IEEE 802.1ae applications (2009)

This paper presents a high-throughput GCM VLSI architecture fully compliant to IEEE 802.1ae applications, which can be operated in all modes specified in the standard. Unlike previous works, with the modified parallel GHASH module, the design implements encryption efficiently without knowing the total number of data blocks in advance. Furthermore, a fully subpipelined version of loop-free key expansion architecture is employed to support constant key changes in each clock cycle. An encryptor design example with 2-parallel modified GHASH module is implemented and fabricated in Fujitsu 0.13 mum 1.2 V 1P8M CMOS technology. The ASIC implementation results demonstrate that the maximum operating frequency can reach 764.5 MHz and our design can obtain 97.9 Gb/s throughput with 547 k gates.
Caution When Dosing Anesthetic Medications: Are We Putting Too Much Weight on Patient Weight? (2018)

To the Editor The recent review by Nafiu et al1 outlines the perceived limitations and “cautionary tales” in using ideal body weight for dosing of anesthetic medications in the increasingly obese population.2 The authors principally suggest an optimal weight-based approach for dosing anesthetic drugs. While we agree with Nafiu et al1 that drug dosing based on weight can be used as the basis for choosing the initial drug dose during anesthetic induction, it still requires explicit adjustment based on clinical effect. Indeed, anesthesiologists have always “titrated to effect” to balance desired clinical effect with the potential adverse effects. This is particularly relevant in obesity because of its physiological effects that add uncertainty to the distribution, binding, and elimination of anesthetic drugs.3 That said, the issue of dosing and weight has been discussed for decades, but one of the reasons it has yet to be adequately addressed is that it may arguably be less of an important issue that Nafiu et al1 make it out to be—perhaps due to the aforementioned mantra of anesthesiologists’ titration to effect. In addition to this, we now have access to many real-time monitors of drug effects that can aid us in more accurately adjusting drug dosages “on the fly.” A classic example of this is processed electroencephalography monitoring (eg, Bispectral Index; Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN), which can be used to titrate anesthetic dosing.4 Using this real-time monitoring device allows one to individualize the dose of anesthetic drugs, irrespective of patient weight, and in doing, potentially improve the quality and safety of anesthesia. Nafiu et al1 state that “personalized dosing is nigh,” which is hard to argue, but perhaps we need to look beyond a unified weight-based dosing, and look to improve monitoring-based dosing methods instead. We have always titrated to effect, but now we have the capability to do so with higher quality real-time feedback. It is time we take into account these parameters and how they interact with our personalized dosing decisions to improve current anesthesia practice. Hessam H. Kashani, MD, MScHilary P. Grocott, MD, FRCPC, FASEDepartment of Anesthesiology, Perioperative & Pain MedicineUniversity of ManitobaWinnipeg, Manitoba, Canada[email protected]
Optofluidic Ring Cavity Lasers Fabricated by 3-D Femtosecond Laser Writing Technology (2015)

We fabricated a 3-D monolithically integrated optofluidic laser in a fused-silica chip using femtosecond laser pulses. Rhodamine 6G dissolved in quinoline was used as the gain medium and lasing was achieved at a pump threshold of 15 µJ/mm2.
Activities of daily living and costs in nursing homes. (1994)

Functionality, as measured by activities of daily living (ADL), is the most important predictor of the cost of nursing home care. Data from a field-test version of the federally mandated Minimum Data Set (MDS) were examined using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and recursive partitioning methods to determine the relationships between ADL limitations and nursing cost (wage-weighted nursing time) among nursing home residents (n = 6,663). From this analysis, an index based on limitations in four ADLs was created. The developed ADL index is a readily determined measure of functional status useful in allocating nursing staff within nursing homes and in comparing the functional status of groups of residents, explaining 30 percent of variance in nursing costs among nursing home residents.
PEZ: Expanding CubeSat Capabilities through Innovative Mechanism Design (2011)

Since the beginning of the CubeSat program, developers have been pushing the envelope of the capabilities that can be achieved in such a small and standardized package. As CubeSat missions have become more complicated the external surface area of these cubes has become a limiting factor for the missions. In order to harvest as much power as possible, the external surfaces are usually dedicated solely to solar arrays, thus limiting the external surface area that can be used for the primary mission. The ALL-STAR mechanical team has developed an innovative and unique system that allows for both the electrical power subsystem engineer and the science instrument engineer to have full access to the exterior of the satellite without sacrificing any of the quality or capabilities of the CubeSat and its overall mission. In order to accomplish this, the ALL-STAR team has developed mechanisms that deploy both solar arrays and the payload section from the standard 3U CubeSat. The PEZ (Payload Extension Zone) effectively doubles the available area for the solar array on the CubeSat as well as allowing the payload to have access to the exterior of the satellite. These mechanisms are also innovative in that they use simple concepts and mechanisms to greatly reduce their impact on the mass and volume of the CubeSat as a whole. Through this cooperative design between maximum power collection and payload access, the ALL-STAR bus will allow for even greater CubeSat capabilities to be achieved.
Host&ndash;pathogen interactions and immune evasion strategies in Francisella tularensis pathogenicity (2014)

Francisella tularensis is an intracellular Gram-negative bacterium that causes life-threatening tularemia. Although the prevalence of natural infection is low, F. tularensis remains a tier I priority pathogen due to its extreme virulence and ease of aerosol dissemination. F. tularensis can infect a host through multiple routes, including the intradermal and respiratory routes. Respiratory infection can result from a very small inoculum (ten organisms or fewer) and is the most lethal form of infection. Following infection, F. tularensis employs strategies for immune evasion that delay the immune response, permitting systemic distribution and induction of sepsis. In this review we summarize the current knowledge of F. tularensis in an immunological context, with emphasis on the host response and bacterial evasion of that response.
Sirolimus reduces vasculopathy but exacerbates proteinuria in association with inhibition of VEGF and VEGFR in a rat kidney model of chronic allograft dysfunction (2012)

Cyclosporine and sirolimus retard development of CAD in this rat model. Sirolimus exhibits greater protection against vasculopathy but induces proteinuria; effects are likely to be related to inhibition of VEGF signalling.
Abstract 4562: Exploring the immune stimulatory properties of oncolytic Newcastle Disease Virus (2017)

Abstract Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) is an avian paramyxovirus, which has significant oncolytic activity against mammalian cancers. It is multi-modal in its anti-tumour activity and offers a tumour selective, self-propagating therapeutic with oncolytic activity and immunostimulatory properties. Within the tumour itself, NDV infection is able to modulate the immune suppressive microenvironment and induce positive anti-tumour inflammatory responses. Additionally, we have enhanced the immune modulatory properties of NDV by engineering the virus to express granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). To better understand the immune modulatory mechanisms by which NDV infection is able to alter the tumour microenvironment we investigated the responses of normal human PBMCs and isolated immune cell populations following NDV exposure. Using flow cytometry, cytokine and gene expression analysis we demonstrated activation of the innate immune cells and a robust type I IFN and pro-inflammatory response. 24 hours post infection, innate immune cells (macrophages, natural killer cells and dendritic cells) had upregulated cell surface activation markers and secreted high levels of cytokines in a dose-dependent fashion. Furthermore, by using NDV constructs encoding fluorescent proteins we showed, in a specific subset of myeloid cells, the preferential uptake of virus and subsequent self-limiting viral replication. In a co-culture system, these infected myeloid cells were able to function as ‘virus cellular carriers’ and were able to mediate the efficient transfer of infectious NDV to tumour cells resulting in their oncolytic death. To further investigate the ability of NDV to infect, spread and kill tumour cells in vivo, we utilised tissue slice cultures of fresh patient samples. These studies demonstrated virus replication and transgene expression in tumour slices, as well as the uptake of virus in a small fraction of specific cells in slices of normal liver. Moreover, evidence that NDV was able to alter the tumour microenvironment could be demonstrated in such cultures by sampling the culture supernatants over time. By investigating the immune modulatory properties of NDV in vitro and in vivo we will gain greater insight and understanding of the anti-cancer properties of NDV. This work will also help guide the selection of transgenes for next generation approaches to augment the inherent immunostimulatory properties of NDV, and help inform clinical dosing options such as intravenous infusion or cell-based delivery. Citation Format: Shannon Burke, Ruth Franks, James Harper, Jon Travers, Christel Navarro, Xing Cheng, Robert Wilkinson, Hong Jin, Danielle Carroll. Exploring the immune stimulatory properties of oncolytic Newcastle Disease Virus [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4562. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-4562
A 0.25/spl mu/m CMOS RF front-end with a low cost patch antenna for GPS receivers (2005)

The design of an RF front-end with 0.25 mum CMOS process is presented with a low cost patch antenna for global positioning system (GPS) receivers. The patch antenna is designed on a low cost dielectric material, FR-4, with epsi <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</sub> = 4.2. The antenna is matched to a 50 Omega transmission line that is connected to a 5th order Chebyshev edge coupled band-pass filter with center frequency at 1.57542 GHz, and bandwidth of 20 MHz via a recessed line-feed. A single-ended narrow-band low-noise amplifier (LNA) is designed with a gain of 28 dB, and NF of 3.4 dB. The single balanced mixer gives a gain of 20 dB, and an IF of 178 MHz, with on chip LC tanks. The mixer NF is 8.6 dB. The front-end is an all NMOS design. Total power dissipation is 18 mW, with total gain of 44 dB, an IIP3 -30 dBm, and NF of 3.8 dB
Magnetic and Flux Pinning in Hg-Based HTS Thin Films (1998)

We have studied the critical current density (J{sub c}) as functions of temperature and magnetic field in epitaxial c-axis oriented Hg-1212 and Hg-1223 thin films. J{sub c} near 2 MA/sq cm at 100K and zero field can be achieved when the weak links between the grains are minimized through epitaxial growth of the film. This results in high irreversibility lines in these films. With the addition of columnar defects, the irreversibility line can be further increased within a certain field range. Moreover, an interesting scaling change with increasing pinning is attributed to an improved pancake vortex coupling along the c-axis of the film.