gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surgical Tool Alignment Guidance by Drawing Two Cross-Sectional Laser-Beam Planes (2012)

Conventional surgical navigation requires for surgeons to move their sight and conscious off the surgical field when checking surgical tool's positions shown on the display panel. Since that takes high risks of surgical exposure possibilities to the patient's body, we propose a novel method for guiding surgical tool position and orientation directly in the surgical field by a laser beam. In our navigation procedure, two cross-sectional planar laser beams are emitted from the two laser devices attached onto both sides of an optical localizer, and show surgical tool's entry position on the patient's body surface and its orientation on the side face of the surgical tool. In the experiments, our method gave the surgeons precise and accurate surgical tool adjusting and showed the feasibility to apply to both of open and percutaneous surgeries.
Nondestructive identification of impurities in granular medium (2002)

We found differing characteristics in the backscattered signal depending on the presence of light and heavy impurities in a granular chain. The difference is due to soliton confinement in the region of the light impurity of the granular medium, while there is no such phenomenon for the case of a heavy impurity. This difference may be used to discriminate nondestructively between light and heavy impurities in the granular medium.
Helical chirality of pyrrolo[1,2-a][4,5]diazafluoren-5-one derivatives (2007)

The treatment of the N-phenacyl-4,5-diazafluorenium-9-one bromides 4a,b and the diesters of acetylenedicarboxylic acid with Et 3 N in methylene chloride at room temperature gave trans-9,10-dihydro-pyrrolo [1,2-a][4,5]diazafluoren-5-one derivatives 7 along with the corresponding aromatized compounds 8. The non-planarity of the diethyl (8c,e) and diisopropyl (8d,f) pyrrolodiazafluorenone esters was deduced by H-NMR spectroscopy. The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between diazafluorenonium N-ylides, generated from 4, and an activated olefinic dipolarophile (acrylonitrile) is reported for the first time. The optical properties of pyrrolodiazafluorenone 8 were also investigated.
Overcoming Data Availability Attacks in Blockchain Systems: LDPC Code Design for Coded Merkle Tree (2021)

&lt;div&gt;Light nodes in blockchains improve the scalability of the system by storing a small portion of the blockchain ledger. In certain blockchains, light nodes are vulnerable to a data availability (DA) attack where a malicious node makes the light nodes accept an invalid block by hiding the invalid portion of the block from the nodes in the system. Recently, a technique based on LDPC codes called Coded Merkle Tree (CMT) was proposed by Yu et al. that enables light nodes to detect a DA attack by randomly requesting/sampling portions of the block from the malicious node. However, light nodes fail to detect a DA attack with high probability if a malicious node hides a small stopping set of the LDPC code. To mitigate this problem, Yu et al. used random LDPC codes that achieve large minimum stopping set size with high probability. Although effective, these codes are not necessarily optimal for this application, especially at short code lengths, which are relevant for low latency systems, IoT blockchains, etc.. In this paper, we focus on short code lengths and demonstrate that a suitable co-design of specialized LDPC codes and the light node sampling strategy can improve the probability of detection of DA attacks. We consider different adversary models based on their computational capabilities of finding stopping sets in LDPC codes. For a weak adversary model, we devise a new LDPC code construction termed as the entropy-constrained PEG (EC-PEG) algorithm which concentrates stopping sets to a small group of variable nodes. We demonstrate that the EC-PEG algorithm coupled with a greedy sampling strategy improves the probability of detection of DA attacks. For stronger adversary models, we provide a co-design of a sampling strategy called linear-programming-sampling (LP- sampling) and an LDPC code construction called linear-programming-constrained PEG (LC-PEG) algorithm. The new co-design demonstrates a higher probability of detection of DA attacks compared to approaches in earlier literature.&lt;/div&gt;
Isothermal Titration Microcalorimetry (2003)

Isothermal microcalorimetry is the generic term for a range of versatile and, in principle, nondestructive techniques suitable for direct measurement of the energetics of biological processes in samples ranging from homogeneous macromolecules up to complex and heterogeneous systems, including intact organisms (1–6). We shall concentrate here on the use of calorimetry in the titration mode (7–10) to study the thermodynamics of ligand binding to macromolecules and related processes, since this is central to current efforts to understand the fundamental basis of macromolecular recognition processes and their applications in biotechnology.
CO2 methanation using metals nanoparticles supported on high surface area MgO (2023)

This work shows that Ru nanoparticles supported on high surface area nano MgO is a highly active and selective catalyst for CO2 methanation, which is a promising method to store renewable energy and limit the emission of greenhouse gasses. We studied the effect of the Ru loading on MgO supports with different surface areas and compared the results to the corresponding Ni-based catalyst. Our results show that high surface area MgO containing 5 wt % Ru has the highest activity. This catalyst was stable for more than 50 h and resulted in 54 % conversion at 375 °C, which, under the given reaction conditions, corresponds to a site time yield of 520 molCH4 molRu−1 h−1. For comparison, the Ni-based catalyst only resulted in 45 % conversion at 450 °C with a low selectivity to CH4 (STY=263 molCH4 molNi−1 h−1). Furthermore, Ru on high surface area MgO catalyst was already active at low temperature of 250 °C due to chemisorption and activation of CO2 on the MgO support, which is promising for low-temperature CO2 methanation.
Investigation of speckle suppression beyond human eye sensitivity by using a passive multimode fiber and a multimode fiber bundle (2020)

A method of speckle suppression without any active device is expected for pico-projectors. The effectiveness of the passive method of speckle reduction using a single multimode fiber and a multimode fiber bundle was actually measured and theoretically analyzed. The dependences of the speckle contrast and speckle suppression coefficient on the parameters of multimode fiber and projection systems were investigated. Our results shown that the efficiency of speckle suppression was limited because only the radial direction of the objective lens aperture was used. An improvement using both of the radial and azimuthal directions of the objective lens aperture is required.
Handcrafted versus CNN Features for Ear Recognition (2019)

Ear recognition is an active research area in the biometrics community with the ultimate goal to recognize individuals effectively from ear images. Traditional ear recognition methods based on handcrafted features and conventional machine learning classifiers were the prominent techniques during the last two decades. Arguably, feature extraction is the crucial phase for the success of these methods due to the difficulty in designing robust features to cope with the variations in the given images. Currently, ear recognition research is shifting towards features extracted by Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), which have the ability to learn more specific features robust to the wide image variations and achieving state-of-the-art recognition performance. This paper presents and compares ear recognition models built with handcrafted and CNN features. First, we experiment with seven top performing handcrafted descriptors to extract the discriminating ear image features and then train Support Vector Machines (SVMs) on the extracted features to learn a suitable model. Second, we introduce four CNN based models using a variant of the AlexNet architecture. The experimental results on three ear datasets show the superior performance of the CNN based models by 22%. To further substantiate the comparison, we perform visualization of the handcrafted and CNN features using the t-distributed Stochastic Neighboring Embedding (t-SNE) visualization technique and the characteristics of features are discussed. Moreover, we conduct experiments to investigate the symmetry of the left and right ears and the obtained results on two datasets indicate the existence of a high degree of symmetry between the ears, while a fair degree of asymmetry also exists.
Phenotyping of apolipoprotein E using immobilized pH gradient gels for one‐dimensional and two‐dimensional separations (1995)

Apolipoprotein E (apo E) is a normal component of several classes of plasma lipoproteins. Apo E phenotypes are closely related to total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol and apo B concentration. The apo E 2/2 phenotype is related to the type III hyperlipoproteinemia due to the defective binding of apo E-2 to the hepatic receptors. The apo E 4/4 phenotype has been reported to be present in most elderly people suffering from the Alzheimer disease, and is associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease and Creutzfeld-Jakob disease. Therefore, apo E phenotyping is essential. The method described here uses a precast immobilized pH gradient, avoids time-consuming separation of lipoproteins from plasma, needs no pretreatment with neuraminidase and involves highly sensitive enhanced chemiluminescence for visualization. Therefore it has many advantages over previously published methods.
The DegU orphan response regulator of Listeria monocytogenes autorepresses its own synthesis and is required for bacterial motility, virulence and biofilm formation (2008)

The Gram-positive intracellular pathogen Listeria monocytogenes is endowed with 17 sets of genes encoding two-component systems. L. monocytogenes is closely related to the Gram-positive model bacterium Bacillus subtilis, in which we have shown previously that the DegS/DegU system plays a central role in controlling stationary phase adaptive responses, including degradative enzyme synthesis and competence. Although an orthologue of the DegU response regulator is present in L. monocytogenes, the gene encoding the cognate DegS kinase is conspicuously absent. We have inactivated the degU gene of L. monocytogenes and shown that DegU negatively regulates its own synthesis. Direct binding of L. monocytogenes DegU to its own promoter region was shown in vitro by gel mobility shift and DNase I footprinting experiments. DegU was also shown to bind upstream from the motB operon, which also encodes the GmaR anti-repressor of flagellar synthesis. In contrast to the situation in B. subtilis, DegU was shown to be essential for flagellar synthesis and bacterial motility in L. monocytogenes and is cotranscribed with the yviA gene located downstream. We also show that DegU is required for growth at high temperatures, adherence to plastic surfaces and the formation of efficient biofilms by L. monocytogenes. DegU plays a role in virulence of L. monocytogenes as well: in a murine intravenous infection model, an 11-fold increase in LD(50) was observed for the degU mutant. Taken together, our results indicate that despite the lack of the DegS kinase, DegU is fully functional as an orphan response regulator, and plays a central role in controlling several crucial adaptive responses in L. monocytogenes.
A Low Serum Albumin Level Predicts Cardiovascular Events in Hemodialysis Patients with Preserved Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (2015)

Background: Cardiovascular (CV) diseases are the most frequent cause of death in hemodialysis (HD) patients. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for CV events in HD patients with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (PEF). Objectives: A total of 213 HD patients (69 years, 64.1% males) were enrolled. Demographic, laboratory test, and echocardiographic data were recorded, and CV events during the 32-month follow-up period were documented. Results: During the follow-up period, 31 patients (14.6%) died and 50 patients (23.5%) suffered a fatal or nonfatal CV event. Age and serum albumin, C-reactive protein, total cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol, and NT-proBNP levels were associated with CV events according to a univariate analyses. A multivariate analysis identified a low serum albumin value (p
Treatment of castration-induced osteoporosis by a capacitively coupled electrical signal in rat vertebrae. (1989)

Castrated male Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to various capacitively coupled electrical fields for six and eight weeks at two and 4.5 months after castration, respectively, with pairs of electrodes that were located paraspinally on the surface of the skin dorsally at the eleventh thoracic and fourth lumbar levels. When the animals were killed, dry and ash weights per unit of volume (apparent density), elastic modulus, ultimate stress, work to failure, trabecular area fraction, and mean trabecular width were determined for selected vertebrae. The results indicated that a sixty-kilohertz, 100-microampere signal (a calculated current density of five microamperes root-mean-square per square centimeter and a field of twelve millivolts root-mean-square per centimeter) significantly reversed the castration-induced osteoporosis in the lumbar vertebrae and restored bone mass per unit of volume in rats that had been stimulated for eight weeks after castration.
Streptomyces peucetius daunorubicin biosynthesis gene, dnrF: sequence and heterologous expression (1995)

The dnrF gene, responsible for conversion of aklavinone to epsilon-rhodomycinone via C-11 hydroxylation, was mapped in the daunorubicin (Dnr) gene cluster of Streptomyces peucetius ATCC 29050, close to drrAB, one of the anthracycline-resistance genes. The dnrF gene was sequenced and should encode a protein of 489 amino acids with a molecular mass of 52 kDa. The deduced DnrF protein shows significant similarities with bacterial FAD- and NADPH-dependent hydroxylases either required to introduce hydroxyl groups into polycyclic aromatic polyketide antibiotics or involved in catabolism of aromatic compounds. Heterologous expression of dnrF in Streptomyces lividans TK23 and in Escherichia coli demonstrated that the gene encodes a NADPH-dependent hydroxylase catalysing the hydroxylation of aklavinone to yield epsilon-rhodomycinone. The enzyme is inactive on anthracyclines glycosylated at position C-7 and its activity decreases to a different extent with other substrate modifications, indicating that DnrF has a significant substrate specificity.
A dynamic grid services deployment mechanism for on-demand resource provisioning (2005)

Recently grid computing has started to leverage Web services technology by proposing OGSI-standard. OGSI standard defines the grid service, which presents unified interfaces to every participant of grid. In current Glubus Toolkit3(GT3),which is an implementation of OGSI, grid service factories should be deployed manually into resources to provide grid services. However, it is necessary to dynamically allocate proper amount of resource, since the demand for resource of service provider changes over time. In this paper, we propose a architecture to enable on-demand resource provisioning. We develop universal factory service (UFS) that provides a dynamic grid service deployment mechanism and a resource broker called door service. Through the experiments, we show that grid services can adaptively exploit resources according to the request rates.
Artemyrianins A–G from Artemisia myriantha and Their Cytotoxicity Against HepG2 Cells (2020)

Four new sesquiterpenoids, artemyrianins A-D (1-4), and three new norlignans, artemyrianins E-G (5-7), together with five known compounds (8-12), were isolated from the aerial parts of Artemisia myriantha (Asteraceae). The new compounds were established by spectroscopic data analyses (HRMS, IR, 1D and 2D NMR), and their absolute configurations were confirmed by the single-crystal X-ray diffraction or ECD calculations. The isolates showed cytotoxicity against HepG2 cells with IC<sub>50</sub> values ranging from 33.3 to 145.2 μM.
A de-noising scheme for enhancing wavelet-based power quality monitoring system (2001)

By means of the wavelet transform (WT), a power quality (PQ) monitoring system could easily and correctly detect and localize the disturbances in the power systems. However, the signal under investigation is often corrupted by noises, especially the ones with overlapping high-frequency spectrum of the transient signals. The performance of the WT in detecting the disturbance would be greatly degraded, due to the difficulty of distinguishing the noises and the disturbances. To enhance the capability of the WT-based PQ monitoring system, this paper proposes a de-noising approach to detection of transient disturbances in a noisy environment. In the proposed de-noising approach, a threshold of eliminating the influences of noises is determined adaptively according to the background noises. The abilities of the WT in detecting and localizing the disturbances can hence be restored. To test the effectiveness of the developed de-noising scheme, employed were diverse data obtained from the EMTP/ATP programs for the main transient disturbances in the power systems as well as from actual field tests. Using the approach proposed in this paper, remarkable efficiency of monitoring the PQ problems and high tolerance to the noises are approved.
Platelet-rich plasma respectively reduces and promotes adipogenic and myofibroblastic differentiation of human adipose-derived stromal cells via the TGFβ signalling pathway (2017)

Autologous fat grafting is a gold standard therapy for soft tissue defects, but is hampered by unpredictable postoperative outcomes. Fat graft enrichment with adipose-derived stromal cell (ASCs) was recently reported to enhance graft survival. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has also emerged as a biologic scaffold that promotes fat graft viability. Combined ASC/PRP fat grafting enrichment is thus a promising new regenerative medicine approach. The effects of PRP on ASC proliferation are well documented, but the impact of PRP on ASC differentiation has yet to be investigated in depth to further elucidate the PRP clinical effects. Here we analyzed the human ASC fate upon PRP treatment. PRP was found to sharply reduce the potential of ASCs to undergo differentiation into adipocytes. Interestingly, the PRP anti-adipogenic effect was accompanied by the generation of myofibroblast-like cells. Among the various factors released from PRP, TGFβ pathway activators played a critical role in both the anti-adipogenic and pro-myofibroblastic PRP effects. Overall, these data suggest that PRP participates in maintaining a pool of ASCs and in the repair process by promoting ASC differentiation into myofibroblast-like cells. TGFβ may provide an important target pathway to improve PRP clinical outcomes.
CD11c + Dendritic Cells Maintain Antigen Processing, Presentation Capabilities, and CD4 + T-Cell Priming Efficacy Under Hypercholesterolemic Conditions Associated With Atherosclerosis (2008)

Recent reports suggest dyslipidemia impairs dendritic cell (DC) function and adaptive immunity. This study aimed to characterize the effect of hypercholesterolemia on antigen-presenting cell function of DCs and DC-dependent CD4(+) T-cell responses. DCs incubated in vitro with acetylated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol with or without an acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyl-transferase inhibitor maintained their ability to prime CD4(+) T cells. Analysis of T-cell proliferation and interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha production after ex vivo coculture of naïve CD4(+) T cells with splenic, inguinal, or iliac DCs from low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient (LDLR(-/-)) or apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE(-/-)) mice fed an atherogenic diet highlighted DC efficacy in effector T-cell generation under hypercholesterolemic conditions. Adoptive transfer of carboxyfluorescein diacetate, succinimidyl ester (CFSE)-labeled naïve CD4(+) T cells in LDLR(-/-) recipients and subsequent immunization demonstrated effective priming of naïve T cells in hypercholesterolemic mice. CFSE dilution analyses revealed that hypercholesterolemic DCs were equipotent in naïve CD4(+) T-cell priming efficacy with normocholesterolemic DCs. Quantitative real-time PCR and flow cytometric analyses demonstrated that DC expression of multiple molecules involved in antigen processing, presentation, and T-cell stimulation remained unaltered by dyslipidemia. Finally, endogenous antigen-primed CD4(+) T cells responded equivalently to a secondary ex vivo antigenic challenge, regardless of whether they were primed in vivo under hypercholesterolemic or control conditions, demonstrating that all essential steps in CD4(+) T-cell responses remain intact under atherogenic conditions. This study affirms that the adaptive immune response prevails under the hypercholesterolemic conditions present in atherosclerosis. In particular, DCs remain functional antigen-presenting cells and maintain their ability to prime CD4(+) T cells even when cholesterol-loaded.
One-step synthesis of hyperbranched dendritic polyesters (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOne-step synthesis of hyperbranched dendritic polyestersC. J. Hawker, R. Lee, and J. M. J. FrechetCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 12, 4583–4588Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00012a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00012a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5183Altmetric-Citations1047LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts