gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-Performance Pd-Based Hydrogen Spillover Catalysts for Hydrogen Storage (2010)

High surface area carbon materials are promising for low-temperature storage of hydrogen by physisorption. To achieve acceptable hydrogen capacities at ambient temperature, chemisorption must come into play. The dispersion of transition metal catalysts to carbon materials can enhance the ambient temperature adsorption capacity of the carbon materials via the hydrogen spillover mechanism. In this study, three different hydrogen dissociation catalysts (Pd, PdAg, and PdCd nanoparticles) were dispersed onto surfaces of activated carbon. The surface composition of these metal-dispersed carbon materials was analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and the specific surface areas, and pore sizes were measured using N2 adsorption/desorption. The effect of the dispersed catalysts on the hydrogen adsorption properties of the activated carbon was systemically investigated at 77 K and room temperature (295 K) using a volumetric gas adsorption technique. At 77 K, the catalysts have no effect, and the hydrogen capacity of the materials is strictly related to the specific surface area. At room temperature, hydrogen spillover was observed from the catalysts to the carbon material. The hydrogen capacity is related to the adsorption strength of hydrogen atoms to the catalyst particle surface atoms, which was verified with DFT calculations. In addition, this study reveals that the PdCd nanoparticle possesses much higher hydrogen spillover enhancement (108%) than the pure Pd and PdAg nanoparticles, promising for hydrogen storage.
Numerical Investigation of Soot Formation in Diesel Jet Flame Using Detailed Kinetic Model(Diesel Engines, Combustion Modeling I) (2004)

This work investigates the soot formation process in diesel jet flame using a detailed kinetic soot model implemented into the KIVA-3V multidimensional CFD code. The numerical model is based on the KIVA code which is modified to use CHEMKIN as the chemistry solver using Message Passing Interface (MPI). This allows for the chemical reactions to be simulated hi parallel on multiple CPUs. The detailed soot model used is based on the method of moments, which begins with fuel pyrolysis, followed by the formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, their growth and coagulation into spherical particles, and finally, surface growth and oxidation of the particles. The model can describe the spatial and temporal characteristics of soot formation processes such as soot precursors distributions, nucleation rate and surface reaction rate. Simulation results show that the soot particles are formed to surround the soot precursor formation region and to extend downstream. It was also found that the dominant soot growth process differs by the region in the fuel jet. The particle inception is fast around the central region of the jet, and acetylene surface reaction rate becomes higher toward the periphery of the jet.
Hepatic regeneration: implications in fulminant hepatic failure. (1979)

Although the incidence of fulminant hepatic failure appears to have decreased worldwide, the management of this dreaded condition remains unsatisfactory (1). Despite ingenious methods of treatment, the mortality in patients with grade IV coma is still between 80 and 90% in most major series (15, 20). Furthermore the mortality is nearly 100% in patients over the age of 45 who develop grade IV coma (7).

Saunders et al have pointed out that although heroic measures, such as exchange transfusion, cross circulation and isolated liver perfusion, can reverse the neurologic and, to an extent, the hematologic complications of massive liver cell necrosis in some patients, none have increased the survival rate (15). The same unfortunately also applies to newer methods of treatment (1). The hope that an > could be developed to replace the many intricate functions of the liver, while waiting for regeneration to take place, has not been borne out in practice because of the complexity of the liver itself (2, 7). and because of the surprising finding that many of these patients do not regenerate their livers adequately, if at all (10, 15).

In the Cape Town Experience of 119 cases of fulminant hepatic failure, 68 patients were in grade IV coma. In this group the survival rate was only 16% despite intensive care and the use of various additional treatment modalities (15, 20). Autopsies were available in 40 patients. In 23 some regeneration was noted but in only 5 was this of significant degree. In 7 no regeneration was detected at all. Event patients who died late after the onset of the illness frequently showed little evidence of regeneration (15). This led them to conclude in 1972 that > (15). This lack of regeneration in many patients with severe fulminant hepatic failure has been confirmed in other large series (10, 23). The conclusion of a recent conference held at the NIH was that the best one can offer a patient with fulminant hepatic failure at this time is meticulous intensive care (1, 2).

If artificial liver support systems are inadequate, and lack of regeneration a problem, can anything be done to potentiate or stimulate regeneration in patients with fulminant hepatic failure? At this time the answer is no, largely because of our limited knowledge of what switches on or controls liver regeneration. In this editorial the authors will address themselves to what is currently known about the control of liver regeneration and speculate how this knowledge might be used in the future management of patients with fulminant hepatic failure.
Chiral Selenide-Catalyzed Enantioselective Allylic Reaction and Intermolecular Difunctionalization of Alkenes: Efficient Construction of C-SCF3 Stereogenic Molecules (2018)

New approaches for the synthesis of enantiopure trifluoromethylthiolated molecules by chiral selenide-catalyzed allylic trifluoromethylthiolation and intermolecular difunctionalization of unactivated alkenes are disclosed. In these transformations, functional groups were well tolerated, and the desired products were obtained in good yields with excellent chemo-, enantio-, and diastereoselectivities. This reaction is nicely complementary to enantioselective trifluoromethylthiolation, allylic functionalization, and intermolecular alkene difunctionalization.
Field Evaluation of Preventive Efficacy of Monthly Multimodal Prophylactic Treatment (Milbactor® and Vectra® 3D) against Dirofilaria spp. in Dogs (2021)

Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens are mosquito-borne pathogens responsible for dirofilariasis in humans and animals. Their transmission and spread depend on the activity of vectors and the frequency of hosts in a given area. Here, we investigated the efficacy of a monthly multimodal prophylactic (MMP) strategy against canine dirofilariasis on Corsica Island (France). The study was conducted as evidence of an efficacy trial in which eighty dogs were divided into two groups: (i) one test group consisted of 25 dogs under the MMP [per-os administration of 1.5 tablets of milbemycin-oxime-praziquantel (Milbactor®) and a topical line-on application of a 3.6 mL solution of dinotefuran-permethrin-pyriproxyfen (Vectra® 3D)] and (ii) a control group under different real-life prophylactic treatments (RLP) based on the use of ectoparasiticides (different formulations: deltamethrin, fluralaner, fipronil) and/or macrocyclic lactone-based products (milbemycin-oxime/praziquantel, milbemycin-oxime, moxidectin) during the period from June to October 2017. All animals were followed up for one year, with blood collected at day 0, with follow-up at 6 and 12 months. Samples were tested for Dirofilaria spp. by species-specific qPCR. At the end of the study, no new case of Dirofilaria spp. infection was detected in the test group. However, the cumulative incidence of Dirofilaria spp. infection was 16.4% (n = 9; p = 0.027) in the control group. The data illustrate that, in contrast to RLP treatment, which failed to protect at least 16.4% of dogs, the MMP based on the simultaneous administration of milbemycin oxime-praziquantel and dinotefuran-permethrin-pyriproxyfen efficiently protects dogs in a high-risk area from Dirofilaria spp. infection.
Biofilm prevention on cochlear implants (2014)

Thin oxide films made under conditions that do not undermine the integrity of polymeric materials can be used as anti-microbial coatings for soft polymers such as the PDMS that is used as a casing for cochlear implants or other medical devices.
Dual-functional Memory and Threshold Resistive Switching Based on the Push-Pull Mechanism of Oxygen Ions (2016)

The combination of nonvolatile memory switching and volatile threshold switching functions of transition metal oxides in crossbar memory arrays is of great potential for replacing charge-based flash memory in very-large-scale integration. Here, we show that the resistive switching material structure, (amorphous TiOx)/(Ag nanoparticles)/(polycrystalline TiOx), fabricated on the textured-FTO substrate with ITO as the top electrode exhibits both the memory switching and threshold switching functions. When the device is used for resistive switching, it is forming-free for resistive memory applications with low operation voltage (<± 1 V) and self-compliance to current up to 50 μA. When it is used for threshold switching, the low threshold current is beneficial for improving the device selectivity. The variation of oxygen distribution measured by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy indicates the formation or rupture of conducting filaments in the device at different resistance states. It is therefore suggested that the push and pull actions of oxygen ions in the amorphous TiOx and polycrystalline TiOx films during the voltage sweep account for the memory switching and threshold switching properties in the device.
Supplementary Figure S2 from Blood-Based Diagnosis and Risk Stratification of Patients with Pancreatic Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm (IPMN) (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Diagnostic performance of serum miRNA panels.&lt;/p&gt;
The Regional Influence of an Intense Sierra Barrier Jet and Landfalling Atmospheric River on Orographic Precipitation in Northern California: A Case Study (2014)

Abstract A 915-MHz wind profiler, a GPS receiver, and surface meteorological sites in and near California’s northern Central Valley (CV) provide the observational anchor for a case study on 23–25 October 2010. The study highlights key orographic influences on precipitation distributions and intensities across northern California during a landfalling atmospheric river (AR) and an associated Sierra barrier jet (SBJ). A detailed wind profiler/GPS analysis documents an intense AR overriding a shallow SBJ at ~750 m MSL, resulting in record early season precipitation. The SBJ diverts shallow, pre-cold-frontal, incoming water vapor within the AR poleward from the San Francisco Bay gap to the northern CV. The SBJ ultimately decays following the passage of the AR and trailing polar cold front aloft. A statistical analysis of orographic forcing reveals that both the AR and SBJ are crucial factors in determining the amount and spatial distribution of precipitation in the northern Sierra Nevada and in the Shasta–Trinity region at the northern terminus of the CV. As the AR and SBJ flow ascends the steep and tall terrain of the northern Sierra and Shasta–Trinity region, respectively, the precipitation becomes enhanced. Vertical profiles of the linear correlation coefficient quantify the orographic linkage between hourly upslope water vapor flux profiles and hourly rain rate. The altitude of maximum correlation (i.e., orographic controlling layer) is lower for the shallow SBJ than for the deeper AR (i.e., 0.90 versus 1.15 km MSL, respectively). This case study expands the understanding of orographic precipitation enhancement from coastal California to its interior. It also quantifies the connection between dry antecedent soils and reduced flood potential.
Airway Area by Acoustic Reflection: The Two-Microphone Method (1993)

This report deals with noninvasive imaging of airway geometry based upon information contained in acoustic reflections measured at the mouth. Here we describe a new theoretical approach that enables development of a new miniaturized apparatus. Unlike the single-transducer systems used currently, this new strategy is based upon a two-transducer system that is a variant of that suggested originally by Shroeder (1967). We have developed, implemented, and tested computational algorithms necessary to reconstruct airway dimensions from acoustic reflection data using this two-transducer strategy.
Feature extraction for the analysis of colon status from the endoscopic images (2003)

In conclusion, novel methods for extracting new texture- and color-based features from the colonoscopic images to classify the colon status have been proposed. A new approach using PCA in conjunction with BPNN for evaluating the features has also been proposed. The preliminary test results support the feasibility of the proposed method.
Capturing Transient Structures in the Elimination Reaction of Haloalkane in Solution by Transient X-ray Diffraction (2008)

This Communication reports simultaneous tracking of structural and kinetic information for the photoinduced elimination reaction of 1,2-diiodotetrafluoroethane in solution by transient X-ray diffraction. The transient structure of .CF2CF2I is determined to be a classical mixture whereas .CH2CH2I is bridged. Compared with the gas phase reaction, the secondary dissociation of .CF2CF2I into C2F4 and I is slowed down by a factor of 6 in solution. Transient X-ray diffraction offers a complementary method for capturing transient structures in solution which might be invisible or "optically silent" in time-resolved optical spectroscopy.
Mechanism of damage generation during drilling of carbon/epoxy composites and titanium alloy stacks (2014)

Composite/metal stacks are widely used in aerospace structures. To study the mechanism of damage generation during drilling of carbon/epoxy composites and titanium alloy stacks, both traditional drilling and orbital drilling were used. Because the cutting parameters of the two drilling processes were different from each other, an appropriate comparing method was proposed based on the analysis of kinematics of orbital drilling and traditional drilling. The results show that high cutting temperature is the main reason for the damage generation during drilling of composite/titanium stacks. Cutting heat generated during machining of titanium alloy conducts to the composites and leads to the increase of composite temperature. High cutting temperature induces the degradation of carbon/epoxy composite properties, which results in the generation of damage during machining of composites. The cutting force in axial direction during orbital drilling is generally as high as that during traditional drilling. However, the temperature during orbital drilling is 36.3% less than that during traditional drilling. High cutting temperature and continuous chip generated during traditional drilling cause the high hole-wall roughness of titanium alloy. The lower temperature during orbital drilling is responsible for the machining quality of orbital drilling being higher than that of traditional drilling.
Mission Possible: How FDA Can Move at the Speed of Science (2015)

In 2013, the Commissioner of Food and Drugs charged the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA’s) Science Board, an advisory committee of national experts across various scientific disciplines, to make recommendations on areas deemed critical to the Agency’s ability to carry out its scientific mission. The Science Looking Forward Subcommittee was created to evaluate these three principal areas: How FDA can meet emerging and future trends in science and technology How FDA can better use collaborations to advance its mission and How FDA can support a culture of scientific excellence and creativity. The Subcommittee was also asked to assess progress since the Science Board’s 2007 FDA Science and Mission at Risk report (“Mission at Risk”), which made recommendations to address serious impediments at that time. Some of the most significant conclusions from the 2007 report were: FDA could not fulfill its mission, due to a weak scientific base and inadequate scientific workforce A disparity between FDA’s responsibilities and resources seriously threatened the Agency’s ability to perform its mission FDA did not have the capacity to ensure the safety of the nation’s food supply and FDA’s ability to ensure the rapid entry onto the market of life-saving new medical therapies – especially those resulting from new and emerging technologies – was highly doubtful. The 2007 report and its conclusions were broadly considered at the time by the scientific and medical communities to be an important assessment of FDA’s capabilities and a valuable roadmap for FDA-wide improvements – and were also well received by Congress and the public at large. The responsiveness of FDA to the Mission at Risk report and those responsible for overseeing its work has been extensive, transformative, and laudable. Many substantive changes have been made in FDA’s organization, authorities, and programs that significantly address issues identified in 2007.
Effects of Neutral Density on Energetic Ions Produced Near High-Current Hollow Cathodes (1997)

Energy distributions of ion current from high-current, xenon hollow cathodes, which are essential information to understand erosion phenomena observed in high-power ion thrusters, were obtained using an electrostatic energy analyzer (ESA). The effects of ambient pressure and external flow rate introduced immediately downstream of hollow cathode on ion currents with energies greater than that associated with the cathode-to-anode potential difference were investigated. The results were analyzed to determine the changes in the magnitudes of ion currents to the ESA at various energies. Either increasing the ambient pressure or adding external flow induces an increase in the distribution of ion currents with moderate energies (epsilon less than 25 to 35 eV) and a decrease in the distribution for high energies (epsilon greater than 25 to 35 eV). The magnitude of the current distribution increase in the moderate energy range is greater for a cathode equipped with a toroidal keeper than for one without a keeper, but the distribution in the high energy range does not seem to be affected by a keeper. An MHD model, which has been proposed to describe energetic-ion production mechanism in hollow cathode at high discharge currents, was developed to describe these effects. The results show, however, that this model involves no mechanism by which a significant increase of ion current could occur at any energy. It was found, on the other hand, that the potential-hill model of energetic ion production, which assumes existence of a local maximum of plasma potential, could explain combined increases in the currents of ions with moderate energies and decreases in high energy ions due to increased neutral atom density using a charge-exchange mechanism. The existing, simplified version of the potential-hill model, however, shows poor quantitative agreement with measured ion-current-energy-distribution changes induced by neutral density changes.
EAN consensus statement for management of patients with neurological diseases during the COVID‐19 pandemic (2020)

This is the first structured consensus statement on good clinical practice in patients with neurological disease during the COVID-19 pandemic that provides immediate guidance for neurologists. In this fast-evolving pandemic, a rapid response using refined Delphi methodology is possible, but guidance may be subject to change as further evidence emerges.
Two-particle momentum correlations in jets produced inpp¯collisions ats=1.96  TeV (2008)

We present the first measurement of two-particle momentum correlations in jets produced in $p\overline{p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=1.96\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{TeV}$. Results are obtained for charged particles within a restricted cone with an opening angle of 0.5 radians around the jet axis and for events with dijet masses between 66 and $563\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}/{c}^{2}$. A comparison of the experimental data to theoretical predictions obtained for partons within the framework of resummed perturbative QCD in the next-to-leading log approximation shows that the parton momentum correlations survive the hadronization stage of jet fragmentation, giving further support to the hypothesis of local parton-hadron duality. The extracted value of the next-to-leading-log-approximation parton shower cutoff scale ${Q}_{\mathrm{eff}}$ set equal to ${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{\mathrm{QCD}}$ is found to be $({1.4}_{\ensuremath{-}0.7}^{+0.9})\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}100\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}$.
Distributed Deep Neural Networks Over the Cloud, the Edge and End Devices (2017)

We propose distributed deep neural networks (DDNNs) over distributed computing hierarchies, consisting of the cloud, the edge (fog) and end devices. While being able to accommodate inference of a deep neural network (DNN) in the cloud, a DDNN also allows fast and localized inference using shallow portions of the neural network at the edge and end devices. When supported by a scalable distributed computing hierarchy, a DDNN can scale up in neural network size and scale out in geographical span. Due to its distributed nature, DDNNs enhance sensor fusion, system fault tolerance and data privacy for DNN applications. In implementing a DDNN, we map sections of a DNN onto a distributed computing hierarchy. By jointly training these sections, we minimize communication and resource usage for devices and maximize usefulness of extracted features which are utilized in the cloud. The resulting system has built-in support for automatic sensor fusion and fault tolerance. As a proof of concept, we show a DDNN can exploit geographical diversity of sensors to improve object recognition accuracy and reduce communication cost. In our experiment, compared with the traditional method of offloading raw sensor data to be processed in the cloud, DDNN locally processes most sensor data on end devices while achieving high accuracy and is able to reduce the communication cost by a factor of over 20x.
On-chip photonic integrated circuit structures for millimeter and terahertz wave signal generation (2015)

We present two different on-chip photonic integrated circuit (PIC) structures for continuous-wave generation of millimeter and terahertz waves, each one using a different approach. One approach is the optical heterodyne method, using an on-chip arrayed waveguide grating laser (OC-AWGL) which is capable of generating a carrier at 110 GHz within the F-Band (90 GHz-140 GHz). The other structure provides the pulsed source method based on an on-chip colliding pulse mode-locked laser diode (OC-CPML), which is capable of generating a carrier at 70 GHz within the E-Band (60 GHz-90 GHz). A novel building block multimode interference reflector (MIR) is used to integrate on-chip both structures, without need of cleaved facets to define the laser cavity. This fact enables us to locate any of these structures at any location within the photonic integrated chip. Both types of structures have been fabricated on a generic InP foundry in a commercial multi-project wafer (MPW) run PIC technology.