gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Qualitative measures that assess functional disability and quality of life in ALS (2022)

This paper serves as a reference guide for researchers deciding which qualitative measures to use as endpoints in their ALS clinical trials to assess functional status. This paper also discusses the importance of including ALS HRQoL and ALS cognitive screens in future clinical trials to assess the value of a new ALS therapy more comprehensively.
Condoms as physical and chemical barriers against human immunodeficiency virus (1988)

In an in vitro model, 20 condoms containing 0.9 mL of 6.6% (vol/vol) nonoxynol 9 and ten condoms without nonoxynol 9 were tested as physical and chemical barriers against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Each condom was mounted on a hollow dildo and placed in a glass cylinder. The HIV inoculum and HIV-free medium were placed on opposite sites of the condom. Intercourse was simulated by pumping the dildo up and down in the cylinder before and after deliberate rupture of the condom. Samples for HIV culture were taken from outside and inside the condom, before and after rupture. After rupture of nonoxynol 9—containing condoms, an outside nonoxynol 9 concentration of 0.25% was reached. No condom without nonoxynol 9 leaked HIV before rupture, but after rupture HIV could be detected in medium outside of seven of ten condoms tested. In none of 20 nonoxynol 9—containing condoms could HIV be detected in outside medium after rupture. Thus, undamaged condoms provide an effective physical barrier against HIV, and nonoxynol 9 may provide an effective chemical barrier as well. (<i>JAMA</i>1988;259:1851-1853)
The design of PCI express for future communication platform (2005)

We design a PCI Express controller for endpoint (APCE). APCE supports the full functionality of the transaction layer and data link layer of PCI Express. We propose an efficient buffer management scheme for APCE to obey the replay mechanism and it can dynamically adjust the size of a replay buffer space. We employ 80C51 to manage the designed functional blocks in APCE effectively, and implement the real-time OS, MicroC/OS II, on 80C51. We also code software under a real time environment. This coded software covers supporting the replay mechanism, checking and generating error messages, processing TLP (transaction layer packet) acknowledgment, and management for exchanging flow control. To verify APCE, we built a test bench including behavioral models of host bridge, local master, and local slave. We also propose an effective verification for compliance and corner case testing when using a behavioral reference model of APCE, random generator, and compare engine.
Uterine Fibroid Embolization Imaging (2009)

Uterine fibroid embolization (UFE) is a minimally invasive and well-accepted form of treatment for patients with symptoms from fibroids. Imaging is routinely performed before the procedure for various reasons and after the procedure in cases with either complications or incomplete response to UFE. The interventionalists performing the procedure require specific information from these imaging studies. This article describes the imaging workup of patients referred for UFE, specifically the information from these imaging examinations before the procedure that are necessary to the interventionalist and the complications seen after the procedure.
[Ocular injuries and childbirth]. (2004)

These injuries, sometimes severe, must benefit from early and complete examination, possibly with general anesthesia, and long-term follow-up. Furthermore, a radiographic and clinical neurological examination is recommended to prevent any cerebral complication.
Characterization of two-dimensional colloidal polycrystalline materials using optical diffraction (2000)

We present an optical-diffraction method for quantitative characterization of two-dimensional colloidal polycrystalline materials. From the angular-diffraction profile we can estimate both the average size of the crystalline grain and the defect density within the grains. Our statistical diffraction model shows that the diffraction line shape is close to a Lorentzian profile if a lot of defects exist within a grain, and it becomes close to Gaussian if the grains are essentially free of defects. This method is used for analyzing the quality of polystyrene colloidal crystals produced by the evaporation technique. The results are compared with direct statistical analysis of microscope images.
Acute Post-streptococcal Glomerulonephritis with Acute Kidney Injury in Nephrotic Syndrome with the Glomerular Deposition of Nephritis-associated Plasmin Receptor Antigen (2013)

We herein report the case of a 17-year-old man who developed an increased plasma creatinine level (11.1 mg/dL) and oliguria with massive proteinuria (27.3 g/day) four weeks after an abraded wound to his right knee. The histology of the renal biopsy specimens showed diffuse endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis with the deposition of nephritis-associated plasmin receptor in the glomerulus. A case of acute kidney injury due to nephrotic syndrome caused by acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis was diagnosed. His renal function and proteinuria were improved with supportive care, including hemodialysis, without the administration of immunosuppressive agents.
An effective Stackelberg game for high-assurance of data trustworthiness in WSNs (2017)

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) security plays an intrinsic role to guarantee efficient data transmission, stable network topologies, and robust routing algorithms. In this paper, we propose a modified Stackelberg game of a previous work for high assurance of data trustworthiness in a Power Grid Network (PGN). The proposed approach is presented to mitigate a more severe attack scenario compared to that considered in the previous work; this attack scenario frequently manipulates sets of the deployed nodes in the PGN, which cannot be treated using the previously proposed approach. Our proposed scheme reduces the required number of nodes to be protected to achieve the desired data trustworthiness. Simulation results prove efficient detection for corrupted transmitted data based on limited number of nodes as compared to the previously proposed approach.
Extremely High Association Between Appearance of HLA Antibodies and Failure of Kidney Grafts in a Five-Year Longitudinal Study (2007)

Longitudinal studies were conducted over a five-year period for HLA antibodies on 493 sera tested from 54 kidney transplant patients. HLA single antigen beads were employed to establish donor specificity of the antibodies. Only 3 of 22 patients without antibodies rejected a graft in contrast to 17 out of 32 patients with posttransplant antibodies (p = 0.003). Using a serum creatinine value of 4.0 mg/dL as the cut-off for a failed graft, 4 of 22 patients without antibodies failed compared to 21 of 32 with antibodies (p = 0.0006). Among patients with donor-specific antibodies (DSA) 13 of 15 failed (p = 0.000004). Even among patients with non-donor specific antibodies (NDSA), 8 of 17 failed (p = 0.05). Among patients who could be identified as making de novo antibodies (since they developed antibodies while not having antibodies for more than six months after transplantation), 6 of 11 failed (p = 0.03). Sequential testing for HLA antibodies shows that antibodies appear prior to a rise in serum creatinine and subsequent graft failure. The very strong association between the production of HLA antibodies after transplantation and graft failure indicates the importance of monitoring for posttransplant HLA antibodies.
Aerosol–cloud closure study on cloud optical properties using remotely piloted aircraft measurements during a BACCHUS field campaign in Cyprus (2019)

Abstract. In the framework of the EU-FP7 BACCHUS (impact of Biogenic versus Anthropogenic emissions on Clouds and Climate: towards a Holistic UnderStanding) project, an intensive field campaign was performed in Cyprus (March 2015). Remotely piloted aircraft system (RPAS), ground-based instruments, and remote-sensing observations were operating in parallel to provide an integrated characterization of aerosol–cloud interactions. Remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) were equipped with a five-hole probe, pyranometers, pressure, temperature and humidity sensors, and measured vertical wind at cloud base and cloud optical properties of a stratocumulus layer. Ground-based measurements of dry aerosol size distributions and cloud condensation nuclei spectra, and RPA observations of updraft and meteorological state parameters are used here to initialize an aerosol–cloud parcel model (ACPM) and compare the in situ observations of cloud optical properties measured by the RPA to those simulated in the ACPM. Two different cases are studied with the ACPM, including an adiabatic case and an entrainment case, in which the in-cloud temperature profile from RPA is taken into account. Adiabatic ACPM simulation yields cloud droplet number concentrations at cloud base (approximately 400 cm−3) that are similar to those derived from a Hoppel minimum analysis. Cloud optical properties have been inferred using the transmitted fraction of shortwave radiation profile measured by downwelling and upwelling pyranometers mounted on a RPA, and the observed transmitted fraction of solar radiation is then compared to simulations from the ACPM. ACPM simulations and RPA observations shows better agreement when associated with entrainment compared to that of an adiabatic case. The mean difference between observed and adiabatic profiles of transmitted fraction of solar radiation is 0.12, while this difference is only 0.03 between observed and entrainment profiles. A sensitivity calculation is then conducted to quantify the relative impacts of 2-fold changes in aerosol concentration, and updraft to highlight the importance of accounting for the impact of entrainment in deriving cloud optical properties, as well as the ability of RPAs to leverage ground-based observations for studying aerosol–cloud interactions.
Photoluminescence Characteristics of TiO2 and Their Relationship to the Photoassisted Reaction of Water/Methanol Mixture (2006)

This work investigated the photoluminescence characteristics of TiO2 and discussed the relationship between the photoluminescence features of TiO2 and the photoassisted reaction of water/methanol mixture. It is found that anatase TiO2 displays a visible luminescence band centered at about 505 nm and rutile TiO2 mainly shows a near-infrared luminescence band centered at about 835 nm, which are respectively ascribed to the oxygen vacancies in anatase TiO2 and the intrinsic defects in rutile TiO2. The visible luminescence band is easily quenched by the Pt deposited on the surface of TiO2, while the near-infrared luminescence band is hardly influenced by the deposited Pt. It is suggested that the excited electrons trapped in the oxygen vacancies of anatase are facilely transferred to Pt to contribute to the photoassisted reaction, but the electrons trapped in the intrinsic defects of rutile are not.
Developmentally Conserved Brain Designs Quantifiable with Transcriptome Tomography (2013)

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Lipoprotein lipase (LpL) on the surface of cardiomyocytes increases lipid uptake and produces a cardiomyopathy (2003)

Lipoprotein lipase is the principal enzyme that hydrolyzes circulating triglycerides and liberates free fatty acids that can be used as energy by cardiac muscle. Although lipoprotein lipase is expressed by and is found on the surface of cardiomyocytes, its transfer to the luminal surface of endothelial cells is thought to be required for lipoprotein lipase actions. To study whether nontransferable lipoprotein lipase has physiological actions, we placed an alpha-myosin heavy-chain promoter upstream of a human lipoprotein lipase minigene construct with a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchoring sequence on the carboxyl terminal region. Hearts of transgenic mice expressed the altered lipoprotein lipase, and the protein localized to the surface of cardiomyocytes. Hearts, but not postheparin plasma, of these mice contained human lipoprotein lipase activity. More lipid accumulated in hearts expressing the transgene; the myocytes were enlarged and exhibited abnormal architecture. Hearts of transgenic mice were dilated, and left ventricular systolic function was impaired. Thus, lipoprotein lipase expressed on the surface of cardiomyocytes can increase lipid uptake and produce cardiomyopathy.
Abstract 1190: MMHCdb: A knowledgebase for the evolving landscape of mouse models of human cancer (2022)

Abstract The laboratory mouse is the premier mammalian model organism for interrogating the genetic and molecular basis of human cancer and for preclinical investigations into targets for the prevention and treatment of cancer. The distributed and heterogenous nature of information about these model systems makes it difficult for researchers to integrate and interpret the information to determine the state of the field and to identify the most relevant models for basic and preclinical research. The Mouse Models of Human Cancer database (http://tumor.informatics.jax.org) is an expertly curated knowledgebase about genetically defined mouse strains and Patient Derived Xenograft (PDX) models of human cancer. Data in MMHCdb are obtained from peer-reviewed scientific publications and direct data submissions from individual investigators and large-scale programs. MMHCdb is built on FAIR data management principles (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable). The enforcement of metadata standards and official gene, allele and strain nomenclature ensure accurate and comprehensive search results for cancer models. MMHCdb has long represented data from spontaneous or endogenously induced tumors from genetically defined mice and for PDXs which have been the foundation of basic cancer research and preclinical studies for decades. MMHCdb has expanded to include cancer models such as Diversity Outbred and Collaborative Cross mice which are ideally suited for research into the relationship of genetic variation with cancer susceptibility and for modeling the genetics of variability in treatment responses. The MMHCdb contains over 109,266 curated tumor frequency records for over 8,275 mouse strains. Tumor types in the database have been indexed to over 21,000 literature citations. PDX models and data available in MMHCdb are also accessible from the Patient Derived Cancer Models resource at EMBL-EBI which currently provides information for over 4,000 PDXs (https://cancermodels.org).MMHCdb is supported by NCI R01 CA089713 Citation Format: Dale A. Begley, Debbie M. Krupke, Steven Neuhauser, John Sundberg, Carol J. Bult. MMHCdb: A knowledgebase for the evolving landscape of mouse models of human cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 1190.
Bridging the B Cell Gap: Novel Technologies to Study Antigen-Specific Human B Cell Responses (2021)

The generation of high affinity antibodies is a crucial aspect of immunity induced by vaccination or infection. Investigation into the B cells that produce these antibodies grants key insights into the effectiveness of novel immunogens to induce a lasting protective response against endemic or pandemic pathogens, such as influenza viruses, human immunodeficiency virus, or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2. However, humoral immunity has largely been studied at the serological level, limiting our knowledge on the specificity and function of B cells recruited to respond to pathogens. In this review, we cover a number of recent innovations in the field that have increased our ability to connect B cell function to the B cell repertoire and antigen specificity. Moreover, we will highlight recent advances in the development of both ex vivo and in vivo models to study human B cell responses. Together, the technologies highlighted in this review can be used to help design and validate new vaccine designs and platforms.
Source and receiver measurements and corrections for the effects of sea surface wave heights (2008)

In this paper, we present results from two independent methods of measuring the shape of the sea surface gravity waves and show how corrections derived from these measurements improve marine seismic data quality. Until now, the usual seismic industry practice has been to assume that the sea surface is flat, or to try to correct for some of the detrimental effects of the sea topography statistically. The rough sea surface introduces a source array elevation static and perturbs, to first order, the receiver ghost arrival time. With the widespread adoption of perturbation‐sensitive methods, such as 4D, it becomes appropriate that, for the best results, wave‐height deterministic corrections should be applied to the seismic records. For the source, real‐time kinematic (RTK) GPS x‐y‐z‐t measurements accurately track the height of the source floats and a static correction is made at the time of each shot. For the receivers, ultralow (sub 1 Hz) pressure variations recorded by the calibrated hydrophones in single‐sensor streamers are inverted for wave‐height profiles that are both time and space variant. Local (compact) 2D deconvolution operators are then used to stabilize the receiver ghost. Seismic data processed in this way show improved reflector continuity and a stabilized wavelet. Data repeatability is improved and the resulting data are more suitable for high‐resolution surveys and time‐lapse reservoir monitoring applications.
Inhibition of ADRP prevents diet-induced insulin resistance (2008)

Diets with high fat content induce steatosis, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. The lipid droplet protein adipose differentiation-related protein (ADRP) mediates hepatic steatosis, but whether this affects insulin action in the liver or peripheral organs in diet-induced obesity is uncertain. We fed C57BL/6J mice a high-fat diet and simultaneously treated them with an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) against ADRP for 4 wk. Glucose homeostasis was assessed with clamp and tracer techniques. ADRP ASO decreased the levels of triglycerides and diacylglycerol in the liver, but fatty acids, long-chain fatty acyl CoAs, ceramides, and cholesterol were unchanged. Insulin action in the liver was enhanced after ADRP ASO treatment, whereas muscle and adipose tissue were not affected. ADRP ASO increased the phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate (IRS)1, IRS2, and Akt, and decreased gluconeogenic enzymes and PKCepsilon, consistent with its insulin-sensitizing action. These results demonstrate an important role for ADRP in the pathogenesis of diet-induced insulin resistance.
Evaluation of the effect of cavitation activity on drug-ultrasound synergisms (1993)

The authors investigated the effect of therapeutic ultrasound (1 MHz; 0.5-4 W/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) on mammalian cells grown in culture in an exposure system that allowed measurement of sub-harmonic generation. They were able to correlate subharmonic generation in the cell samples, a signature of acoustic cavitation, with cell lysis. Cells exposed to ultrasound demonstrated no membrane damage without detectable subharmonics. In addition, the authors have demonstrated a synergistic (more than additive) effect of ultrasound and several drugs, particularly polar solvents, on cell lysis. The polar solvents dimethylsulfoxide, dimethylformamide (DMF) and monomethylformamide act to significantly enhance cavitation induced cell lysis. In particular, cell lysis is more than doubled by the presence of DMF. These synergisms clearly depend on the presence of cavitation as confirmed by subharmonic detection. To consistently create acoustic cavitation, the authors introduced albumin stabilized microbubbles into the exposure chamber. These microbubbles, similar to those used as ultrasound contrast agents, serve as cavitation nuclei and improve prospects for cancer therapy using acoustic cavitation
Development of a data-driven model for turbulent heat transfer in turbomachinery (2020)

Machine Learning (ML) algorithms have become popular in many fields, including applications related to turbomachinery and heat transfer. The key properties of ML are the capability to partially tackle the problem of slowing down of Moore’s law and to dig-out correlations within large datasets like those available on turbomachinery. Data come from experiments and simulations with different degree of accuracy, according to the test-rig or the CFD approach. When dealing with modelling of turbulent flows in turbomachinery there is a constant trade-off between accuracy and computational costs, but starting from the large amount of data on turbomachinery performance, with ML it is possible to train a learner to correct and improve CFD. The aim of this work is to investigate an innovative data-driven approach that could lead to a significant improvement in the analysis of heat transfer in turbulent flows. The effects of Reynolds number and wall temperature on heat transfer for a double forward-facing step with two squared obstacles were investigated by numerical simulations carried out in OpenFOAM. Then a machine-learnt model was derived using a regression algorithm. The results of regressor showed that a data-driven approach can effectively predict results of the RANS model.
Older Adult Patients Use More Aminosalicylate Monotherapy Compared With Younger Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2021)

Older patients with IBD demonstrate significant differences in medication utilization, including more aminosalicylate monotherapy and less anti-tumor necrosis factor monotherapy compared with younger age groups. Given the aging population in the United States, these utilization patterns may have long-term implications for disease control.
Rejecting jobs to Minimize Load and Maximum Flow-time (2014)

Online algorithms are usually analyzed using the notion of competitive ratio which compares the solution obtained by the algorithm to that obtained by an online adversary for the worst possible input sequence. Often this measure turns out to be too pessimistic, and one popular approach especially for scheduling problems has been that of “resource augmentation” which was first proposed by Kalyanasundaram and Pruhs. Although resource augmentation has been very successful in dealing with a variety of objective functions, there are problems for which even a (arbitrary) constant speedup cannot lead to a constant competitive algorithm. In this paper we propose a “rejection model” which requires no resource augmentation but which permits the online algorithm to not serve an epsilon-fraction of the requests. The problems considered in this paper are in the restricted assignment setting where each job can be assigned only to a subset of machines. For the load balancing problem where the objective is to minimize the maximum load on any machine, we give O(log2 l/ε)-competitive algorithm which rejects at most an ε-fraction of the jobs. For the problem of minimizing the maximum weighted flow-time, we give an O(1/ε4)-competitive algorithm which can reject at most an ε-fraction of the jobs by weight. We also extend this result to a more general setting where the weights of a job for measuring its weighted flow-time and its contribution towards total allowed rejection weight are different. This is useful, for instance, when we consider the objective of minimizing the maximum stretch. We obtain an O(1/ε6)-competitive algorithm in this case. Our algorithms are immediate dispatch, though they may not be immediate reject. All these problems have strong lower bounds in speed augmentation model.