gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simulated response of the human lung to low-frequency underwater sound using a finite-element-based thoracic model (2008)

In a previous paper, inhomogeneity within the lungs and its influence on the lung's response to low-frequency underwater sound using a finite-element-based model was discussed [Wochner, et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 122, 2957 (2007)]. Here we report an extension of the previous work that adds surrounding organs to the finite element model. It is hypothesized that the significant damage that can occur at relatively low amplitudes when the lung is in resonance is due primarily to the shear stresses that can occur in the lung through its interactions with surrounding organs. In particular, the heart, diaphragm, and ribs, all of which have considerably different material properties compared to lung, may have a sizable effect on the lung's response to low-frequency underwater sound. This paper will discuss the resonance frequency, motion, and stress and strain fields produced using this new finite-element-based thoracic model. [Work supported by ONR and ARL:UT IR&amp;D.]
Function-based methodology to model communication protocols for performance evaluation (1994)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Yeast protein translocation complex: isolation of two genes SEB1 and SEB2 encoding proteins homologous to the Sec61 beta subunit. (1996)

A yeast gene (cDNA clone) was isolated in a screen for suppressors of secretion-defective sec15-1 mutation. This gene encodes a protein homologous to the beta subunit of the mammalian Sec61 protein complex functioning in protein translocation into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The predicted protein, Seb1p, consists of 82 amino acids and contains one potential membrane-spanning region at the C-terminus but no N-terminal signal sequence. Seb1p shows 30% identity to the mammalian Sec61 beta subunit and 34% identity to the Arabidopsis thaliana Sec61 beta subunit. Overexpression of SEB1 from a multicopy plasmid suppressed the temperature sensitivity of sec61-2 and sec61-3 mutants. Immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy indicated that Seb1p resides in the ER membranes with the hydrophilic N-terminus exposed to the cytoplasm. The in vitro translated Seb1p was post-translationally inserted into microsomal membranes. As the chromosomal disruption of the SEB1 gene was not lethal, potential homologous genes were screened by heterologous hybridization. The SEB1 homologue thus isolated, SEB2, encodes a protein 53% identical to Seb1p. Disruption of the chromosomal SEB2 was not lethal whereas the double disruption of SEB1 and SEB2 resulted in a temperature-sensitive phenotype. This study further emphasizes the evolutionary conservation of the ER protein translocation apparatus and provides novel genetic tools for its functional analysis.
Zytotoxizität natürlicher Killerzellen gegen ex vivo isolierte autologe urotheliale Blasentumorzellen bei Patienten mit urothelialem Blasenkarzinom (1995)

In vorausgegangenen Arbeiten konnten wir zeigen, daß Blasentumorzellinien in vitro resistent gegen die Aktivität natürlicher Killerzellen (NK-Zellen) sind. Nach Stimulation der mononukleären Effektorzellen mit Interleukin-2 (IL-2) bzw. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) ließ sich jedoch eine wirkungsvolle Zytotoxizität gegenüber Blasentumorzellinien nachweisen. Es stellte sich daher die Frage, ob bereits Karzinomzellen eines Primärtumors der Harnblase NK-Resistenz aufweisen oder ob dies ein nur in vitro auftretendes Phänomen ist. Mittels eines L-[3H]-Methionin-Zytotoxizitätsassays und Kurzzeitkulturen der Primärtumoren konnten wir zeigen, daß auch diese Zellen resistent gegen autologe und allogene NK-Zellen sind, gegen Lymphokin-aktivierte Killerzellen (LAK) und BCG-aktivierte Killerzellen (BAK) jedoch Sensitivität aufweisen. Weiterhin stellten wir fest, daß sich die NK-Zellen von gesunden Spendern und von Tumorpatienten hinsichtlich ihres zytotoxischen Potentials gegenüber den Karzinomzellen primärer Blasentumoren und etablierten Blasentumorzellinien nicht unterscheiden. Diese Daten bestätigen die Relevanz in vitro erhobener Befunde für die Situation in vivo und belegen weiterhin die Bedeutung einer Immunstimulation für die Abtötung von Blasentumorzellen in vivo.
Modular supervisory control of timed discrete-event systems (2002)

The timed discrete-event system framework admits disablement and forcing as means of control, as well as the treatment of hard temporal behavioural constraints. The notion of modular supervisory control of discrete-event systems proposed by Wonham-Ramadge (1988) is extended to this framework. The approach consists of dividing the overall supervisory task into two or more subtasks, with the resulting individual subsupervisors being run concurrently to implement a solution of the original control problem, if necessary under the assumption of partial observation. The design of the corresponding subsupervisors deals with issues of conflict, blocking, optimality and correctness. The results presented can be used in the development of control software for interacting concurrent processes. Based on them, experimental work (hardware and software) has been carried out on the supervision of manufacturing systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Piezo-Optical Birefringence Modulators: New Use for a Long-Known Effect (1969)

A general description is given of a long-neglected use for the piezo-optic or photoelastic effect (stress-induced birefringence). An acoustic vibration, such as a fundamental extensional mode in a bar or long thin plate, is set up in a block of isotropic transparent material, such as glass or fused silica; the vibration is sustained by a transducer. The resulting modulated birefringence can be used in a variety of ways, notably to produce a beam of alternately left- and right-circularly polarized light for circular-dichroism measurements. Strains of the order 10−5 are required, considerably below the breakage point for most materials. Because advantage is taken of the high Q of the vibrational modes, typically 103 to 104, very small transducer power is needed, usually less than 1 W. The literally enormous useful angular aperture, of the order 50° total cone angle, makes the device far superior to Pockels or Kerr cells for many applications. Reference is made to current practical realizations and to present and future uses of the device.
Supporting fully adaptive routing in InfiniBand networks (2004)

InfiniBand is a new standard for communication between processing nodes and I/O devices as well as for interprocessor communication. The InfiniBand Architecture (IBA) supports distributed routing. However, routing in IBA is deterministic because forwarding tables store a single output port per destination ID. This prevents packets from using alternative paths when the requested output port is busy. Despite the fact that alternative paths could be selected at the source node to reach the same destination node, this is not effective enough to improve network performance. However, using adaptive routing could help to circumvent the congested areas in the network, leading to an increment in performance. In this paper, we propose a simple strategy to implement forwarding tables for IBA switches that support adaptive routing while still maintaining compatibility with the IBA specs. Adaptive routing can be enabled or disabled individually for each packet at the source node. Also, the proposed strategy enables the use in IBA of fully adaptive routing algorithms without using additional network resources to improve network performance. Evaluation results show that extending IBA switch capabilities with fully adaptive routing noticeably increases network performance. In particular, network throughput increases up to an average factor of 3.9.
Au@Ag nanoparticles as joint substrate for SERS and SALDI-MS multimodal imaging of cancerous tissues (2019)

Metallic nanoparticles (NPs) are used in mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) as substrate for desorption/ionisation of analytes (SALDI-MS). They provide untargeted information about the small molecules content of tumors which can unreveal its subtype, or predicts its response to therapy. NPs can be used in Raman spectroscopy to design SERS nanoprobes (NP covered by a Raman-active molecule, and functionalized by a targeting molecule): combined with Raman micro-imaging, they can localize and/or quantify a biological target such as a cellular membrane receptor to monitor its expression in tissues (linked to tumor evolution and survival). Developing a multimodal imaging methodology based on SERS nanoprobes and untargeted SALDI-MS, and using metallic NPs as joint substrate, could provide local information both on the receptor status and on the tumor chemical composition. We synthesized gold@silver core@shell NPs (Au@Ag) which enable a fine optical properties tuning by controlling the silver shell thickness, leading to simultaneous high UV absorption needed for SALDI and high Raman enhancement factors in the visible range needed for SERS. We used the NPs to synthesize Folate-targeted nanoprobes in the SERS imaging approach to evaluate the expression of Folate Receptor alpha (FRα), an indicator of patient survival, in cancerous tissues. The same bare NPs were used in SALDI-MS imaging to investigate the small molecules content of adjacent tissue slides. SERS imaging. Following the SERS intensity on the tissue slide allowed us to highlight higher SERS intensities in the tumor region from the ovary samples. We could perform imaging experiments at the tissue scale down to the cellular scale owing to the high spatial resolution offered by Raman Spectroscopy. SALDI-MS imaging. Discriminative m/z analysis was performed and ROC curves were calculated to highlight m/z values that discriminate the tumor and healthy areas. 11 specific ions are more intense in the tumor than in the healthy part and 4 ions were found more intense in the healthy than in the tumor area. By combining the two techniques, complementary information about ovarian tumors could be obtained.
First results from TITAN: A phase III double-blind, randomized study of apalutamide (APA) versus placebo (PBO) in patients (pts) with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC) receiving androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). (2019)

5006 Background: TITAN was designed to determine whether APA, a selective next-generation androgen receptor inhibitor, plus ADT improves radiographic progression-free survival (rPFS) and overall survival (OS) compared with PBO plus ADT in pts with mCSPC. Methods: In this randomized, double-blind phase 3 study, pts with mCSPC regardless of extent of disease were randomized (1:1) to APA (240 mg/d) or PBO, added to ADT, in 28-day cycles. Pts with prior treatment (tx) for localized disease or prior docetaxel for mCSPC were allowed. All pts received continuous ADT. Dual primary end points were rPFS and OS. Secondary end points were time to a) initiation of cytotoxic chemotherapy, b) pain progression, c) chronic opioid use, d) skeletal-related event. Time-to-event end points were estimated by Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards methods. This first planned OS interim analysis took place after ~50% of expected events. Results: 525 pts were randomized to APA and 527 to PBO. Median age was 68 y; 8% had prior tx for localized disease; 11% had prior docetaxel. 63% and 37% had high- or low-volume disease, respectively. At median 22.6 mo follow-up, 66% APA and 46% PBO pts remained on tx. APA significantly improved rPFS (HR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.39-0.60; p &lt; 0.0001), with a 52% reduction in risk of death or radiographic progression; benefit was observed across all subgroups analyzed. Median rPFS was not reached in the APA group and 22.1 mos in the PBO group. APA also significantly improved OS (HR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.51-0.89; p = 0.0053), with a 33% reduction in risk of death. Median OS was not reached in the APA or PBO group. Time to initiation of cytotoxic chemotherapy was significantly improved with APA (HR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.27-0.56; p &lt; 0.0001). Based on these results, the independent data monitoring committee recommended unblinding to allow crossover of PBO pts to receive APA. Rates of grade 3/4 adverse events (AEs) (42% APA, 41% PBO) were similar, and discontinuations due to AEs (8% APA, 5% PBO) were low. Conclusions: In the TITAN study in pts with mCSPC, including pts with high- and low-volume disease and prior docetaxel, addition of APA to ADT significantly improved rPFS and OS, and the safety profile was tolerable. These results support the addition of APA to ADT for tx of pts with mCSPC. Clinical trial information: NCT02489318.
Dynamic counter-based broadcast in MANETs (2009)

The broadcasting protocol can dramatically affect the performance of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs). Proper use of a counter-based scheme can reduce the number of rebroadcasts and hence reduce the chance of contention and collision among neighboring nodes. While most previous studies have used a fixed counter-based threshold value irrespective of node/network status, this research presents the Dynamic Counter Based (DCB) broadcasting scheme that utilize one-hop neighborhood information to dynamically estimate more suitable threshold values at a given node. This is done based on locally available information and without requiring any assistance of distance measurements, exact location determination devices or global control mechanism. Our simulation results show that the new dynamic scheme provides good performance levels compared to the existing solutions.
Multivariable Feedback Design (1990)

From the Publisher:
This is the first text to give a comprehensive and unified view of modern multivariable feedback theory and design the feedback engineer to design real systems.
A Comparative Study Between Povidone-iodine and Manugel 85 on Surgical Scrub (2016)

The disinfection effect of Povidone-Iodine and Manuge l85 on surgical scrub is the same.
Difference in Enzymatic Properties between “Staphylothrombin” and Free α‐Thrombina (1986)

Bacterial protein, staphylocoagulase, binds stoichiometrically to human prothrombin resulting in a coagulant complex, staphylothrombin. The enzymatic properties of staphylothrombin differ from those of alpha-thrombin in their substrate specificities toward natural and synthetic substrates, in addition to their interaction with protease inhibitors. In order to obtain information about the region of staphylocoagulase that interacts with human prothrombin, staphylocoagulase was cleaved by alpha-chymotrypsin. This limited alpha-chymotryptic cleavage of staphylocoagulase yielded three large fragments, fragments of 43, 30, and 20 kDa. The 43-kDa fragment exhibited a high affinity for human prothrombin (Kd = 1.7 nM), which is comparable to the affinity observed using intact staphylocoagulase (Kd = 0.46 nM). A complex of the 43-kDa fragment and prothrombin possessed both clotting and amidase activities essentially identical to those observed in a complex of intact staphylocoagulase and prothrombin. The 30-kDa fragment exhibited weaker affinity for prothrombin (Kd = 120 nM). While a complex of this fragment and prothrombin did not exhibit clotting activity, it nonetheless possessed a weak amidase activity. The 20-kDa fragment was found only to bind to prothrombin. The NH2-terminal sequence analyses of these fragments revealed that the 43-kDa fragment constitutes the NH2-terminal portion of staphylocoagulase, and contains the 30-kDa and 20-kDa fragments. It is therefore concluded that the functional region of staphylocoagulase for binding and activation of prothrombin is localized in the NH2-terminal region of the intact protein. The 43-kDa fragment contains 324 amino acids with a molecular weight of 38,098. The 43-kDa fragment has an unusual amino acid composition based on the sequence, in which the sum of Asp (28 residues), Asn (22), Glu (35), Gln (9), and Lys (52) residues accounts for more than 45% of the total residues. A comparison of the amino acid sequence of the 43-kDa fragment with that of streptokinase did not reveal any obvious sequence homology. There was also no sequence homology with those of trypsin, alpha-chymotrypsin, and elastase.
Digital, photon-counting fluorescence polarometer (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDigital, photon-counting fluorescence polarometerR. J. Kelly, W. B. Dandliker, and Donald E. WilliamsonCite this: Anal. Chem. 1976, 48, 6, 846–856Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60370a038https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60370a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views44Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Lithographic Replication Of Compact Disk Structures (1989)

Conventional UV photolithography has been applied to the replication of glass compact disk structures for low cost fabrication of grooved glass substrates and ruggedized CD-ROM and CD-AUDIO disks. Unconventional pattern generation and replication strategies have been employed to produce high quality compact disk structures in soda-lime glass substrates.
Hypoadiponectinemia in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: Close Association with Insulin Resistance and Hyperinsulinemia (2001)

Plasma concentrations of adiponectin, a novel adipose-specific protein with putative antiatherogenic and antiinflammatory effects, were found to be decreased in Japanese individuals with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, conditions commonly associated with insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. To further characterize the relationship between adiponectinemia and adiposity, insulin sensitivity, insulinemia, and glucose tolerance, we measured plasma adiponectin concentrations, body composition (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry), insulin sensitivity (M, hyperinsulinemic clamp), and glucose tolerance (75-g oral glucose tolerance test) in 23 Caucasians and 121 Pima Indians, a population with a high propensity for obesity and type 2 diabetes. Plasma adiponectin concentration was negatively correlated with percent body fat (r = -0.43), waist-to-thigh ratio (r = -0.46), fasting plasma insulin concentration (r = -0.63), and 2-h glucose concentration (r = -0.38), and positively correlated with M (r = 0.59) (all P < 0.001); all relations were evident in both ethnic groups. In a multivariate analysis, fasting plasma insulin concentration, M, and waist-to-thigh ratio, but not percent body fat or 2-h glucose concentration, were significant independent determinates of adiponectinemia, explaining 47% of the variance (r(2) = 0.47). Differences in adiponectinemia between Pima Indians and Caucasians (7.2 +/- 2.6 vs. 10.2 +/- 4.3 microg/ml, P < 0.0001) and between Pima Indians with normal, impaired, and diabetic glucose tolerance (7.5 +/- 2.7, 6.1 +/- 2.0, 5.5 +/- 1.6 microg/ml, P < 0.0001) remained significant after adjustment for adiposity, but not after additional adjustment for M or fasting insulin concentration. These results confirm that obesity and type 2 diabetes are associated with low plasma adiponectin concentrations in different ethnic groups and indicate that the degree of hypoadiponectinemia is more closely related to the degree of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia than to the degree of adiposity and glucose intolerance.
Effect of Sildenafil on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver (2015)

A C T Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is now the commonest liver disease worldwide and can evolve into cirrhosis in a subgroup of patients. Sildenafil citrate is a specific phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitor, which has been approved for treatment of erectile dysfunction in men. To examine the effect of sildenafil citrate on NAFLD in animal model and male patients with erectile dysfunction. Sixty male mice were divided into 4 groups: The 1-received a standard diet; 2-fed with a Highfat Diet (HFD); 3-HFD + sildenafil citrate; 4-standard diet + sildenafil citrate. The experiments were conducted for 16 weeks, after that, the mice in the treatment groups received 1.4 mg kgG 1 sildenafil citrate base dissolved in distilled water daily for 8 weeks, through orogastric feeding tube. A case-control study enrolled 60 males with erectile dysfunction, who were divided into 30 patients with NAFLD and 30 patients without NAFLD (control group). They received sildenafil citrate 50 mg daily for 8 weeks. It was found that sildenafil administration improved liver enzymes, insulin resistance and lipids level compared to control group in animal model. There were insignificant changes as regard lipid profile, fasting serum insulin and liver enzymes (alkaline phosphatase, alanine 2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase) after sildenafil treatment for 8 weeks in NAFLD group in human study. There was significant decrease in aspartate 2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase (AST) level after sildenafil treatment in NAFLD. There were significant negative correlations between International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) score and Body Mass Index (BMI), cholesterol and triglycerides levels. Sildenafil is well-tolerated and safe in NAFLD patients. However, it is less effective in NAFLD patients than in individuals without comorbidities. Further investigation is needed to test the effect of long-term sildenafil administration on insulin resistance and lipid profile.
Development of topical nanoemulsions containing quercetin and 3-O-methylquercetin. (2009)

This study describes the physico-chemical properties and the skin permeation profile of quercetin (Q) and 3-O-methylquercetin (MQ) from lipid nanoemulsions. Formulations composed of octyldodecanol, egg lecithin, water (NE) and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CNE) were obtained by spontaneous emulsification. This procedure yielded monodisperse nanoemulsions exhibiting a mean droplet size of approximately 200-300 nm. Nanoemulsions were further characterized in terms of zeta-potential, surface tension, and morphology by transmission electron microscopy. The amount of flavonoids incorporated into nanoemulsions reached nearly 100% (at 1 mg/mL). The permeation studies were carried out using ear pig skin mounted in Franz diffusion cells. The overall results have shown a slow permeation profile of both Q and MQ from nanoemulsions. However, a higher permeation flux rate of flavonoids from CNE (approximately 0.2 microg/cm2/h) as compared to NE (approximately 0.08 microg/cm2/h) was observed, showing the effect of the positively charged surface of CNE on this parameter. Such results open interesting perspectives for the topical administration of the flavonoids Q and MQ.