gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Radiation and temperature survivability of multimode step-index fluorine-doped silica fibers (1991)

In a search for optical fibers appropriate for long-term use in nuclear reactor instrumentation, effects of gamma radiation and high temperature on attenuation losses were investigated in three types of fiber. All of the fibers had silica cores with fluorine-doped silica cladding. Fibers with polyimide and aluminium coatings and uncoated fibers were tested. Samples were exposed to gamma radiation at dose rates ranging from 8.2 krad/h to 920 krad/h, with total doses up to 60 Mrad. The effects of heating the fibers, either concurrently with the radiation exposure or separately, were investigated. Heating irradiated fibers to 200 degrees C generally reduced attenuation by annealing of radiation-induced defects. Higher temperatures caused rapid deterioration of fibers. A similar effect was observed when fibers were heated to above 200 degrees C in the absence of radiation. Raising the temperature appears to suppress color centre formation, but beyond a threshold limit, higher temperatures result in jacket or cladding damage with net degradation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Association of mitochondrial function with feed efficiency within a single genetic line of male broilers (2002)

Studies were conducted to determine relationships between feed efficiency and mitochondrial function and biochemistry. After feed efficiency (FE; gain:feed) was determined in broiler breeder males between 6 and 7 wk of age, mitochondria were isolated from breast and leg muscle from birds with high FE (0.83+/-0.01, n = 6) and low FE (0.64+/-0.01, n = 7). Respiratory chain coupling, assessed by the respiratory control ratio (RCR), was greater in high FE breast, and leg mitochondria provided NADH-linked, but not FADH-linked, energy substrates. There were no differences, however, in the adenosine diphosphate to oxygen (ADP:O) ratio (an index of oxidative phosphorylation) when mitochondria were provided either energy substrate. Electron leak, as determined by generation of H202, was greater in the low FE than in high FE breast mitochondria. Electron leak increased following inhibition of electron transport at Complex I (with rotenone) and Complex III (with antimycin A) in low FE but not in high FE breast mitochondria. There were no differences in basal electron leak in leg mitochondria between groups, but H202 generation was elevated (P < 0.07) compared to basal values in low FE leg mitochondria after Complex I inhibition. The activities of Complexes I and II were greater in high FE breast and leg muscle mitochondria compared to those in low FE mitochondria. The results indicate that lower respiratory chain coupling in low FE muscle mitochondria may be due to lower activities of Complexes I and II and defects in electron leak and provide insight into cellular mechanisms associated with the phenotypic expression of feed efficiency in broilers.
Exploration of interaction scoring criteria in the CANDO platform (2019)

Abstract Background Drug discovery is an arduous process that requires many years and billions of dollars before approval for patient use. However, there are a number of drugs and human ingestibles approved for a variety of indications/diseases that can be potentially repurposed as new treatments for others, decreasing the time and cost required. Methods CANDO (Computational Analysis of Novel Drug Opportunities) is a platform for shotgun, multitarget drug discovery and repurposing. The CANDO platform scores interactions between 46,784 proteins structures and 3,733 human use compounds using a bioinformatic docking protocol to generate compound-proteome interaction signatures that are then compared to identify candidates for repurposing. Benchmarking of the platform is accomplished by comparing the compound-proteome interaction signatures and determining whether signatures corresponding to pairs of drugs approved for the same indication fall within particular cutoffs. Results We have altered the scoring function of bioinformatic docking protocol in the newest version of our platform (v1.5) to use the best OBscore for each compound-protein interaction, resulting in an increased benchmarking accuracy from 11.7% in v1 to 12.8% in v1.5 for the top10 cutoff, the most stringent one used, and correspondingly from 24.9% to 31.2% for the top100 cutoff. Conclusions The change in the interaction scoring and other bug fixes in CANDO v1.5 have resulted in improved benchmarking performance, making the platform more effective at predicting novel, therapeutic drug-indication pairs.
Nervous Control of the Eye (2000)

1. Innervation and Pharmacology of the Iris and Ciliary Body 2. Nervous Control of the Cornea 3. Accommodation 4. Edinger Westphal Nucleus 5. Retina Vessels 6. Purinergic Signalling 7. Retinal and Corneal Transplantation 8. Tears and the Dry Eye
Virgibacillus dokdonensis sp. nov., isolated from a Korean island, Dokdo, located at the edge of the East Sea in Korea (2005)

A Gram-variable, motile, endospore-forming, slightly halophilic bacterial strain, DSW-10(T), was isolated from Dokdo, an island located at the edge of the East Sea, Korea, and was characterized taxonomically by using a polyphasic approach. This isolate grew optimally at 37 degrees C and in the presence of 4-5% NaCl. Strain DSW-10(T) had cell-wall peptidoglycan based on meso-diaminopimelic acid, MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone, and anteiso-C(15:0), iso-C(15:0), anteiso-C(17:0) and iso-C(16:0) as major fatty acids. Major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and unidentified phospholipids. The DNA G+C content was 36.7 mol%. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain DSW-10(T) is phylogenetically affiliated to the genus Virgibacillus, and exhibited sequence similarity of 95.3-98.7% to the type strains of Virgibacillus species. DNA-DNA relatedness levels between strain DSW-10(T) and the type strains of some phylogenetically related Virgibacillus species were in the range 8.4-17.5%. On the basis of phenotypic properties and phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, strain DSW-10(T) (=KCTC 3933(T)=DSM 16826(T)) was classified as the type strain of a novel Virgibacillus species, for which the name Virgibacillus dokdonensis sp. nov. is proposed.
The Health Status of Adults With Epilepsy Compared With That of People Without Chronic Conditions (1996)

Lower SF-36 scores may reflect patients' assessments of the balance among epilepsy, seizures, and antiepileptic drug therapy-related effects. Incorporating health status information into therapeutic decision making may help to attain the ultimate goal of improving patients' health.
[Analysis and detection of abnormal ECG signal: ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation]. (2001)

This paper, utilizing signal power spectrum and L-Z complexity measure, analyzes the abnormal ECG: ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF). And on the base of linear and nonlinear dynamics, the paper forwards a new definition of information complexity rate, deduces some relative properties and applies it to complexity analysis in irregular ECG. By means of biological experiments and computer simulations, the reasonability of information complexity and complexity rate is confirmed. At last, objective analysis and explanations of the mechanism of VT and VF are reported. The results indicate: with the help of power spectrum, complexity measure and complexity rate, the recognition of VT and VF can attain 100%.
Intrauterine Growth Restriction in Humans Is Associated with Abnormalities in Placental Insulin-Like Growth Factor Signaling (2004)

The IGFs promote the growth and development of the feto-placental unit during gestation, and impairment of their placental actions may result in altered intrauterine growth of the fetus. In this study, proteins involved in IGF signaling were investigated in human placentas from pregnancies complicated by intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) compared with those from normal pregnancies. IUGR placentas exhibited 33% reduction in the protein content of IGF-I receptors, but no changes in insulin receptor protein levels. In addition, insulin receptor substrate-2 (IRS-2) protein levels were reduced in IUGR placentas, with no changes in IRS-1 or Shc protein content, and this was associated with a parallel decrease in IRS-2-associated phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase. Akt protein expression was also reduced in IUGR, whereas phosphorylation of Akt and its substrate glycogen synthase kinase-3 was unchanged. Finally, in IUGR placentas there was impaired activation of multiple members of the MAPK family, because phosphorylation of p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase was reduced 70%. In conclusion, human placentas from pregnancies complicated by IUGR are characterized by decreased IGF-I receptor content, selective impairment of the IRS-2/ phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase pathway, and reduced p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation. The observed abnormalities in IGF-I signaling may contribute to altered fetal growth and development in human IUGR.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of ERK1/2 drives IL-1β-induced expression of TGF-β1 and BMP-2 in torn tendons. (2020)

Diseased and injured tendons develop fibrosis, driven by factors including TGF-β, BMPs and CTGF.IL-1β and its signal transducer Erk1/2 are known to regulate TGF-β expression in animal tendons.We utilised tissues and cells isolated from patients with shoulder tendon tears and tendons of healthy volunteers to advance understanding of how inflammation induces fibrosis in diseased human tendons.ERK1/2 expression was reduced in torn (diseased) compared to healthy patient tendon tissues.We next investigated the fibrotic responses of tendon-derived cells isolated from healthy and diseased human tendon tissues in an inflammatory milieu.IL-1β treatment induced profound ERK1/2 signalling, TGFB1 and BMP2 mRNA expression in diseased compared to healthy tendon-derived cells.In the diseased cells, the ERK1/2 inhibitor (PD98059) completely blocked the IL-1β-induced TGFB1 and partially reduced BMP2 mRNA expression.Conversely, the same treatment of healthy cells did not modulate IL-1β-induced TGFB1 or BMP2 mRNA expression.ERK1/2 inhibition did not attenuate IL-1β-induced CTGF mRNA expression in healthy or diseased tendon cells.These findings highlight differences between ERK1/2 signalling pathway activation and expression of TGF-β1 and BMP-2 between healthy and diseased tendon tissues and cells, advancing understanding of inflammation induced fibrosis during the development of human tendon disease and subsequent repair.
Production variables affecting characteristics of pellets in melt pelletization with wax combination in a laboratory scale spheronizer (2009)

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the suitability of laboratory scale spheronizer for the production of spherical pellets loaded with diltiazem hydrochloride by wax combination. The 1:1 combination of cetyl alcohol and hydrogenated castor oil, as low and high melting point waxes, were used. The various production variables affecting the different characteristics of pellets and the process efficiency were evaluated. Drug loaded pellets were evaluated for drug release in distilled water. Bowl temperature primarily affects the sphericity and adhesion of pellets to the bowl. Mass temperature has a pronounced effect on size, size distribution and sphericity of pellets. Wax concentration affects all characteristics of pellets but adhesion was least affected. The effect of these three variables can be compensated by optimizing the friction plate speed. It has been found that the highest yield of pellets (850--1400 microm) with maximum sphericity can be produced by using 45 degrees C bowl temperature, 52 degrees C mass temperature and 1400 rpm friction plate speed.
Validation of elastic and identification of plastic parameters of Johnson-Cook law using DIC (2013)

Nowadays, the identification and validation of constitutive laws with a high degree of reliability is an important demand from industry so as to apprehend safety factors in a rational manner. Full-field measurement techniques open the way to such an efficient and secure determination of constitutive parameters. In the present case, nodular graphite cast iron was chosen as the studied material. In this paper the identification of plastic parameters of Johnson-Cook law is performed from the analysis of biaxial tests. Two different loading paths are considered, namely, proportional equibiaxial and non-proportional "snail" histories. During the tests, images of the region of interest are taken. Displacement fields are measured via Digital Image Correlation (DIC). Boundary values of this measured displacement are prescribed in a FE modeling of the same test. Minimizing the difference between the measured and simulated displacement fields by tuning the plastic parameters is the strategy followed herein to identify the quasi-static part of Johnson-Cook’s law.
The Somatostatin Receptor Is Directly Coupled to Adenylate Cyclase in GH4Ci Pituitary Cell Membranes* (1984)

Somatostatin (SRIF) inhibits vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-stimulated cAMP accumulation in the GH4C1 strain of rat pituitary tumor cells, and this effect is responsible for SRIF inhibition of VIP-stimulated hormone release. In this study we examined the interaction between the SRIF receptor and adenylate cyclase in GH4C1 cell membranes. Maximal concentrations of VIP (50 nM) increased membrane adenylate cyclase activity 4.2-fold; half-maximal stimulation was observed with 0.75 nM VIP. SRIF noncompetitively inhibited the stimulatory effect of VIP, but it did not alter basal adenylate cyclase activity. The relative potencies of SRIF and two SRIF analogs as inhibitors of VIP-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in membranes and of VIP-stimulated cAMP accumulation in intact cells were similar. Furthermore, the concentration of SRIF that caused half-maximal inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity (ED50 = 2.3 nM) was close to the equilibrium dissociation constant for SRIF (Kd = 0.40 nM) measured in membrane preparations in the presence of GTP. Therefore, SRIF inhibition of adenylate cyclase appears to be receptor mediated. As with receptors known to regulate adenylate cyclase by interaction with a guanine nucleotide regulatory subunit, SRIF receptor binding was decreased in the presence of guanine nucleotides. Addition of GTP (150 microM) or the nonhydrolyzable GTP analog guanyl-5'-yl-imidodiphosphate (100 microM) decreased the specific binding of [125I-Tyr1]SRIF to 31% and 13% of the control value, respectively. This decrease in specific binding was due entirely to decreased receptor affinity for SRIF. GTP (150 microM) increased the equilibrium dissociation constant for SRIF from 0.11 to 0.40 nM, whereas the number of binding sites was unaffected by the nucleotide (Bmax = 0.2 pmol/mg protein). Analysis of dissociation kinetics demonstrated that in the absence of guanyl nucleotides, the rate of [125I-Tyr1]SRIF dissociation was first order (t 1/2 = 180 min). However, in the presence of a half-maximal concentration of guanyl-5'-yl-imidodiphosphate (0.3 microM), [125I-Tyr1]SRIF dissociation occurred with biphasic kinetics. Fifty percent of the specifically bound peptide dissociated at the same rate as that observed in the absence of nucleotide, whereas the remainder dissociated 15 times more rapidly (t 1/2 = 9.6 min).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Direct evaluation of self-quenching behavior of fluorophores at high concentrations using an evanescent field (2021)

The quantum yield of a fluorophore is reduced when two or more identical fluorophores are in close proximity to each other. The study of protein folding or particle aggregation is can be done based on this above-mentioned phenomenon-called self-quenching. However, it is challenging to characterize the self-quenching of a fluorophore at high concentrations because of the inner filter effect, which involves depletion of excitation light and re-absorption of emission light. Herein, a novel method to directly evaluate the self-quenching behavior of fluorophores was developed. The evanescent field from an objective-type total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscope was used to reduce the path length of the excitation and emission light to ~100 nm, thereby supressing the inner filter effect. Fluorescence intensities of sulforhodamine B, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), and calcein solutions with concentrations ranging from 1 μM to 50 mM were directly measured to evaluate the concentration required for 1000-fold degree of self-quenching and to examine the different mechanisms through which the fluorophores undergo self-quenching.
Medium-power CW Raman fiber lasers (2000)

A review of recent results on medium-power CW Raman fiber lasers pumped by laser diodes is presented. Most attention is given to Raman lasers based on phosphosilicate fibers, the latter providing a number of advantages compared to commonly used germanosilicate fibers.
Fabric Defect Detection for Apparel Industry: A Nonlocal Sparse Representation Approach (2017)

With the increasing customer demand on fabric variety in fashion markets, fabric texture becomes much more diverse, which brings great challenges to accurate fabric defect detection. In this paper, a fabric inspection model, consisting of image preprocessing, image restoration, and thresholding operation, is developed to address the woven fabric defect detection problem in the apparel industry, especially for fabric with complex texture and tiny defects. The image preprocessing first improves the image contrast in order to make the details of defects more salient. Based on the learned sub-dictionaries, a non-locally centralized sparse representation model is adopted to estimate the non-defective version of the input images, so that the possible defects can be easily segmented from the residual images of the estimated images and the inputs by thresholding operation. The performance of the proposed defect detection model was evaluated through extensive experiments with various types of real fabric samples. The proposed detection model was proved to be effective and robust, and superior to some representative detection models in terms of the detection accuracy and false alarms.
Bandwidth Efficient and Rate-Matched Low-Density Parity-Check Coded Modulation (2015)

A new coded modulation scheme is proposed. At the transmitter, the concatenation of a distribution matcher and a systematic binary encoder performs probabilistic signal shaping and channel coding. At the receiver, the output of a bitwise demapper is fed to a binary decoder. No iterative demapping is performed. Rate adaption is achieved by adjusting the input distribution and the transmission power. The scheme is applied to bipolar amplitude shift keying (ASK) constellations with equidistant signal points and it is directly applicable to two-dimensional quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). The scheme is implemented by using the DVB-S2 low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. At a frame error rate of 1e-3, the new scheme operates within less than 1 dB of the AWGN capacity 0.5log2(1+SNR) at any spectral efficiency between 1 and 5 bits/s/Hz by using only 5 modes, i.e., 4-ASK with code rate 2/3, 8-ASK with 3/4, 16-ASK and 32-ASK with 5/6 and 64-ASK with 9/10.
Self-assembly of metal-ion-responsive supramolecular coordination complexes and their photophysical properties (2017)

Herein, we describe the synthesis and characterization of two newly self-assembled supramolecular coordination complexes (SCCs) by using the cis-{Pt(PEt<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>}<sup>2+</sup> center and two different kinds of pyridyl-derivatized ligands. The photophysical properties of the resulting SCCs in the presence of metal ions revealed that these dipyridyl-containing SCCs hold potential as metal-ion-responsive materials.
A monolithic signal isolator (for power convertors) (2003)

The design and construction are described of a monolithic isolator, a two-port device designed to pass information across an isolated boundary for use in power convertor applications. Among its features are: high-voltage galvanic isolation blocking; passive sensing capability; wide dynamic range; large signal linearity; 1% precision; a large-signal 3 dB bandwidth from DC to 1.0 MHz; excellent common-mode rejection; small isolation bridging capacitance; industrial operating temperature range; low power consumption; and the capability of being monolithically integrated with other circuit functions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Acute Urinary Morbidity Following Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer with Prophylactic Alpha-Adrenergic Antagonist and Urethral Dose Reduction (2016)

Stereotactic body radiation therapy for localized prostate cancer with utilization of prophylactic alpha-adrenergic antagonist and UDR was well tolerated as determined by acute urinary function and bother, and symptoms were comparable to those observed following conventionally fractionated external beam radiation therapy (EBRT). Longer follow-up is required to assess long-term toxicity and efficacy following SBRT with UDR.
A Comparison of Strategies for Developmental Action Acquisition in QLAP (2018)

An important part of development is acquiring actions to interact with the environment. We have developed a computational model of autonomous action acquisition, called QLAP. In this paper we investigate different strategies for developmental action acquisition within this model. In particular, we introduce a way to actively learn actions and we compare this active action acquisition with passive learning of actions. We also compare curiosity based exploration with random exploration. And finally, we examine the effects of resource restrictions on the agent’s ability to learn actions.
The Impact of Climate Change on Hurricane Damages in the United States (2011)

This paper quantifies hurricane damage caused by climate change across the US. A damage function is estimated from historic hurricane data to measure the impacts at each location given the storm's strength. The minimum barometric pressure of each storm turns out to be a better indicator of damages than the traditional measure of maximum wind speed. A hurricane generator in the Atlantic Ocean is then used to create 5000 storms with and without climate change. Combining the location and intensity of each storm with the income and population projected for each location, it is possible to estimate a detailed picture of how hurricanes will impact each state with and without climate change. Income and population growth alone increase expected baseline damage from $9 to $27 billion per year by 2100. Climate change is expected to increase damage by another $40 billion. Over 85 percent of these impacts are in Florida and the Gulf states. The 10 percent most damaging storms cause 93 percent of expected damage.
Comparison of two control approaches for stability enhancement using STATCOM with active power injection capability (2015)

The application of two control strategies for shunt-connected FACTS devices to enhance the transient stability of a power system will be discussed in this paper. The main focus will be on the use of active power in the FACTS device and therefore a STATCOM with active power injection capability will be considered. The first approach represents the classical cascade controller that consists of an inner vector-current controller and various outer-control loops. The alternative approach controls the converter in a similar fashion as a synchronous generator, where the mechanical behavior of the machine is emulated in the control structure using the active power injection capability of the device. Using various simulation and experimental tests, the two methods will be compared in terms of their advantages and disadvantages, and a recommendation will be made on the use of the methods for transient stability enhancement.