gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spatio-temporal patterns in the copepod community in Malangen, Northern Norway (1997)

The objective of this study was to identify the key copepod species and their life cycles, and provide evidence for any seasonal and spatial changes in the copepod community in Malangen, a fjord located 30 km to the south of Tromsø in Northern Norway (69°30′N, 18°21′E). As a result of high levels of freshwater run-off in May, the fjord became highly stratified with a sharp pycnocline at 10–30 m depth from May to August. The generation patterns of six copepod species are described.Calanus finmarchicus produced one generation during the spring that year, whereas two generations appeared to be produced by both Pseudocalanus acuspes and P.minutus: one in spring (March-June) and the other in autumn (August-December). However, it is uncertain to what extent P.minutus regularly produces a second generation. Two peaks of CI-CIII Metridia spp. were found; there were differences along the length of the fjord in the timing of these, but the relative contributions of M.longa and M.lucens are uncertain. Chiridius armatus CI-CIII peaked in abundance in the spring, which indicates that one main generation was produced at the outer station of the fjord. The copepod community in Malangen could be grouped into three entities according to their numerical abundance during the year one group of highly abundant forms, generally with maxima >50 000 individuals m−3 (C.finmarchicus, Microcalanus sp., Oithona similis , Oithona spinirostris, Acartia sp. and Pseudocalanus spp.), a second group of less abundant species with a clear seasonality in abundance, varying from 500 to 50 000 individuals m−3 (M.longa, M.lucens, Calanus hyperboreus, Carmatus, Tenwra longicornis, Oncaea sp., Euchaeta norvegica and Scolecithrwella minor), and a third group of 14 holoplanktonic species, sporadically occurring in the fjord. The study demonstrates clear gradients in the abundance of five species along the length of the fjord: the recruiting generation of C.finmarchicus occurred in higher abundances at the outer station in May and June compared to the other inner sites. Later in the season, the reverse situation appeared, in which the population was more abundant in the inner part of the fjorc Calanw hyperboreus increased abruptly in abundance from low winter levels to a maximum in April-May, and declined steadily during the season (except at the innermost station). Metridia lucens, M.longa and C.armatus demonstrated different distribution patterns in Malangen that matched their preferred areas of distribution. Both M.lucens and C.armatus are known as oceanic and deep-water species, respectively, and these were prevalent at the two outer sites in Malangen. Metridia longa is a more nentic species and was found in highest numbers at the two innermost sites. The mechanisms for the differences in abundance among these species within the fjord are discussed.
Nivolumab safety profile in Asian and Western patients with chemotherapy-refractory (CTx-R) advanced gastric/gastroesophageal junction (adv G/GEJ) cancer from the ATTRACTION-2 and CheckMate-032 trials. (2018)

e15127 Background: Nivolumab (NIVO) monotherapy demonstrated a survival benefit and durable responses in pts with CTx-R adv G/GEJ cancer (Boku N et al ESMO 2017; Janjigian Y et al ASCO 2017). Here we describe the safety profile of NIVO in Asian (A) and Western (W) pts with CTx-R adv G/GEJ who had received ≥ 2 prior CTx in the ATTRACTION-2 and CheckMate-032 trials, respectively. Methods: The safety population included pts who received ≥ 1 dose of study drug at the data cutoff of August 2016 for ATTRACTION-2 and March 2016 for CheckMate-032. TRAEs, serious TRAEs, and select TRAEs (sTRAE; with a potential immune-related etiology) were assessed. sTRAEs were managed using protocol-specified algorithms, which included corticosteroids as immune-modulating treatment (tx). Time to onset and resolution of sTRAEs were also assessed. Results: Median duration of NIVO tx was 1.9 mo in A and 2.3 mo in W pts. TRAEs (any grade) were reported in 43% of A and 64% of W pts; grade 3–4 TRAEs (A pts:10%; W pts:14%), serious TRAEs (A pts:10%; W pts:7%) and TRAEs leading to discontinuation (≤ 3% of pts in both groups) were infrequent. Most sTRAEs were grade 1–2 (Table) and occurred within the first 3 mo of NIVO tx. In A and W pts, median time to resolution of sTRAEs ranged from 3–19 wk. For those sTRAEs that required tx with immune-modulating agents, the median time to resolution of most sTRAEs ranged from 3–35 wk. Clinical trial information: NCT02267343 and NCT01928394. Conclusions: NIVO demonstrated an acceptable safety profile in both A and W pts with CTx-R adv G/GEJ cancers with no clinically meaningful racial differences. Most sTRAEs were grade 1–2 in both cohorts and manageable using the recommended tx algorithms. Table. Summary of sTRAEs Events, n (%) ATTRACTION-2 NIVO 3 mg/kg IV Q2W (n = 330) ATTRACTION-2 PBO (n = 161) CheckMate-032 NIVO 3 mg/kg IV Q2W (n = 42)a Any Grade Grade 3-4 Any Grade Grade 3-4 Any Grade Grade 3-4 Endocrine 16 (5) 4 (1) 1 ( < 1) 0 4 (10) 1 (2) Gastrointestinalb 23 (7) 3 (1) 4 (2) 0 7 (17) 1 (2) Hepatic 18 (5) 5 (2) 5 (3) 1 ( < 1) 2 (5) 2 (5) Pulmonary 7 (2) 2 ( < 1) 0 0 2 (5) 0 Renal 1 ( < 1) 0 0 0 0 0 Skin 51 (15) 0 13 (8) 0 10 (24) 0 aPts with G/GEJ cancer and ≥ 2 prior txs. bOne pt in the PBO arm had a grade 5 gastrointestinal perforation.
V-eM: A Cluster of Virtual Machines for Robust, Detailed, and High-Performance Network Emulation (2006)

In this paper we present the design and performance evaluation of a network emulation cluster built with commodity PCs and network switches. Each emulated node runs inside its own virtual machine and is complete with a kernel and device drivers and the virtual machine monitor ensures isolation between the emulated nodes, fair access to the resources of the underlying physical node, and high performance. The load of traffic conditioning (emulating packet delays, losses and other characteristics of widearea network links) is shared between all physical nodes by conditioning only the traffic originated by the emulated nodes they host. The above organization results in an emulation testbed that is low cost and scalable while providing strict resource isolation between emulated nodes and high emulation fidelity by allowing the emulation of kernels and other system level software. In this paper we present the main considerations behind the design of our testbed and through detailed performance evaluation we demonstrate that our approach can result in a scalable emulation system with high performance.
Accurate multi-robot targeting for keyhole neurosurgery based on external sensor monitoring (2012)

Robotics has recently been introduced in surgery to improve intervention accuracy, to reduce invasiveness and to allow new surgical procedures. In this framework, the ROBOCAST system is an optically surveyed multi-robot chain aimed at enhancing the accuracy of surgical probe insertion during keyhole neurosurgery procedures. The system encompasses three robots, connected as a multiple kinematic chain (serial and parallel), totalling 13 degrees of freedom, and it is used to automatically align the probe onto a desired planned trajectory. The probe is then inserted in the brain, towards the planned target, by means of a haptic interface. This paper presents a new iterative targeting approach to be used in surgical robotic navigation, where the multi-robot chain is used to align the surgical probe to the planned pose, and an external sensor is used to decrease the alignment errors. The iterative targeting was tested in an operating room environment using a skull phantom, and the targets were selected on magnetic resonance images. The proposed targeting procedure allows about 0.3 mm to be obtained as the residual median Euclidean distance between the planned and the desired targets, thus satisfying the surgical accuracy requirements (1 mm), due to the resolution of the diffused medical images. The performances proved to be independent of the robot optical sensor calibration accuracy.
<title>Chaotic behavior of semiconductor lasers as modulated oscillator</title> (1993)

Edge-emitting semiconductor lasers in different external cavity geometries were chosen to study laser chaos. The objective of this work is to obtain a general understanding of the onset of chaotic behavior in semiconductor lasers from easily interpreted experiments.
Craniofacial profile in Asian and white subjects with obstructive sleep apnoea (2005)

A crowded posterior oropharynx and a steep thyromental plane predict OSA across two different ethnic groups and varying degrees of obesity.
IP Flow Performance Measurement Framework (2016)

This document specifies a measurement method, the IP flow performance
measurement (IPFPM). With IPFPM, data packets are marked into
different blocks of markers by changing one or more bits of packets.
No additional delimiting packet is needed and the performance is
measured in-service and in-band without the insertion of additional
traffic.
Polarization Encoding for Multi-channel Optical Encryption using Twisted Nematic Liquid Crystal Displays (2006)

This study proposes and demonstrates the multiple polarization-encoding scheme with the cascaded twisted nematic liquid crystal spatial light modulators for multi-channel exclusive OR logic optical encryption. Both analytical and experimental results are presented and discussed.
Subharmonic generation from ultrasonic contrast agents (1999)

Ultrasonic contrast agents are used to enhance backscatter from blood and thus aid in delineating blood from surrounding tissue. However, behaviour of contrast agents in an acoustic field is nonlinear and leads to harmonic components in the backscattered signal. Various research groups have investigated second-harmonic emissions. In this work, the subharmonic emission from contrast agents is investigated with a view towards potential use in imaging. It is shown that the microbubbles with various surface properties, such as contrast agents, generate significant subharmonics under various insonating conditions. Theoretical results as well as experimental results using Optison indicate the generation of strong subharmonics with burst insonation at twice the resonant frequency of the microbubble. It is suggested that subharmonic imaging may provide a better modality than second-harmonic imaging to delineate blood from tissue and will be of significant importance for imaging deep vessels, such as in echocardiography and vascular diseases, due to the high signal-to-clutter ratio of the subharmonic imaging.
Deferiprone attenuates neuropathology and improves outcome following traumatic brain injury (2022)

Background and Purpose: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in young adults. The role of iron in potentiating neurodegeneration following TBI has gained recent interest since iron deposition has been detected in the injured brain in the weeks to months post-TBI, in both the preclinical and clinical setting. A failure in iron homeostasis can lead to oxidative stress, inflammation and excitotoxicity; and whether this is a cause or consequence of the long-term effects of TBI remains unknown. Experimental approach: We investigated the role of iron, and the effect of therapeutic intervention using a brain-permeable iron chelator, deferiprone, in a controlled cortical impact mouse model of TBI. An extensive assessment of cognitive, motor and anxiety/depressive outcome measures were examined, and neuropathological and biochemical changes, over a 3-month period post-TBI. Key Results: Lesion volume was significantly reduced at 3 months, which was preceded by a reduction in astrogliosis and a preservation of neurons in the injured brain at 2 weeks and/or 1-month post-TBI in mice receiving oral deferiprone. Deferiprone treatment showed significant improvements in neurological severity scores and locomotor/gait performance, and cognitive function, and attenuated anxiety-like symptoms post-TBI. Deferiprone reduced iron levels, oxidative stress and altered expression of neurotrophins in the injured brain over this period. Conclusion and Implications: Our findings support a detrimental role of iron in the injured brain and suggest that deferiprone (or similar iron chelators) may be promising therapeutic approaches to improve survival, functional outcomes and quality of life following TBI.
Use of theKMatrix in Nuclear Reaction Theories (1969)

In the original article the formal solution to the integral equation for the reactance operator $K$ was found and shown to differ from the generally accepted form. The incorrect expression for $K$ has been used in projection-operator formalisms for nuclear reactions by Bloch and Gillet (BG) and by MacDonald and Mekjian (MM). We applied these scattering formalisms to a simple soluble model. The discrepancy arising from the use of the incorrect $K$ was found to have no observable consequences for the MM treatment. We did not succeed in finding an explicit expression for the discrepancy between the BG prediction and the exact result for the simple scattering model. In this addendum the discrepancy of the BG formalism for the simple scattering model is found. This discrepancy is found to be nonzero at all energies. In the neighborhood of certain energies for zero-range potential scattering, the BG discrepancy can become very large. In addition, by examining the explicit expression for the $K$ matrix for zero-range potential scattering, we are able to provide a simple interpretation of the difference between the correct form of the reactance operator and the generally accepted incorrect form.
Processing and properties of new high‐temperature, lightweight composites based on foam polyimide binder (1999)

Abstract We report a method for making novel, lightweight (ρ = 0.3–1.1 kg/dm 3 ) polymer composites based on high‐temperature foam polyimide binder, carbon fibers, and organic fibers. The density and mechanical properties of the foam composite can be varied over a relatively wide range, depending on the volume contents of the fiber and air pores. The resin's high glass transition temperature of 260°C, coupled with the high thermal stability of carbon or polyimide fibers, contributes to its excellent retention of mechanical properties at elevated temperatures. The temperature at the beginning of weight loss is not lower than 570°C and depends on the kind of fiber felt. The combination of excellent thermal and specific mechanical properties of foam composites together with exceptional thermal stability and processability on conventional molding equipment can provide unusual performance for the new design of advanced materials and structures.
Key Management for UMTS MBMS (2008)

3GPP 33.246 proposes key management mechanism (KMM) to distribute security keys for universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) multimedia broadcast and multicast service (MBMS). KMM introduces extra communication overhead to UMTS. The previous study, key-tree scheme (KTS), resolves this issue for the IP multicast network. However, this scheme may not be so efficient while applied in UMTS MBMS due to lots of storage space and heavy multicast traffic introduced, which may decrease the QoS of UMTS MBMS. In this paper, we propose a more efficient scheme, hash function scheme (HFS), to release both storage and communication overhead for KMM in UMTS MBMS. We first modify the KTS applied in the UMTS MBMS and then detail the execution of HFS, which is proven to be correct. We conduct an analytical model and simulation experiments to compare the performance between the UMTS KMM with KTS and with HFS. Our study shows that the proposed HFS can reduce both communication and storage overhead without damaging QoS of UMTS MBMS.
A theory of population dynamics used for improving control of viral diseases: AZT chemotherapy and measles vaccination policy (1996)

Virulence of pathogens, the origin and growth of neoplasias, and their treatment by chemotherapy or vaccination, are problems involving many complex processes on different organizational levels of the biological system. In recent years molecular biology has made an important step forward in identifying major elements in these processes. Yet, it becomes increasingly clear that in many cases prognosis is determined by the dynamic interaction between elements of the system, rather than by their presence or absence.
The growth of low band-gap InAs on (111)B GaAs substrates (1995)

Growth on the (111)B orientation exhibits a number of advantageous properties as compared to the (100) during the early stages of strained-layer epitaxy. In accordance with a developing model of nucleation and growth, we have deposited thin (60 A - 2500 A), fully relaxed InAs films on (111)B GaAs substrates. Although thicker InAs films are subject to the formation of twin defects common to epitaxy on the (111)B orientation, appropriate control of the growth parameters can greatly minimize their density. Using this knowledge base, InAs films up to 2 microns in thickness with improved morphology and structural quality have been grown on (111)B GaAs substrates.
Aragonite CaCO3 thin-film formation by cooperation of Mg2+ and organic polymer matrices (2000)

Aragonite thin films of calcium carbonate have been deposited on chitosan matrices by cooperation of chitosan, poly(aspartate) and MgCl2 in CaCO3 solution, and their double layered composite structures are obtained by the alternate operations of chitosan coating and thin-film crystallization.
Optical Coherence Tomography as an Auxiliary Tool for the Screening of Radiation-Related Caries (2013)

The OCT technique was able to characterize radiation-related caries, from a morphological point of view. Also demonstrated was its potential benefit for use in the clinical monitoring of radiation-related carious process.
Cobalt chromium-layered double hydroxide, α- and β- Co(OH)2 and amorphous Cr(OH)3: synthesis, modification and characterization (2019)

Cobalt-chromium layered double hydroxide (CoCr LDH), α- and β- Co(OH)<sub>2</sub> and amorphous Cr(OH)<sub>3</sub> have been synthesized under different reaction conditions. The obtained CoCr LDH was modified by stearic acid (SA) and sodium stearate (SS). The obtained samples have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Ultraviolet-visible- (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared- (FTIR) and Energy-dispersive X-ray- (EDX) spectroscopy. The influence of reaction conditions on product composition, structural and optical properties of the samples have been discussed in detail. The basal spacing of CoCr-LDH increased from 7.366 Å to 7.428 Å and 25.214Å after the intercalation by stearic acid and sodium stearate, respectively. The average particles size by SEM analyze was estimated to be approximately 100-150 nm and 30-50 nm for CoCr-LDH<sub>0.6M(90°C)</sub> and CoCr-LDH<sub>0.6M(90°C)</sub>/SS nanostructures, respectively. Mixed hydroxides like α- and β- Co(OH)<sub>2</sub> have been obtained along with LDH at lower pH value (pH ∼ 7). The number of diffraction peaks corresponding to β-Co(OH)<sub>2</sub> has increased with relatively decreasing of Co<sup>2+</sup> ions in the reaction medium. At high chromium concentrations (Co<sup>2+</sup>:Cr<sup>3+</sup> = 1:3 and 1:5), amorphous Cr(OH)<sub>3</sub> were formed in the experiment.
Le psychanalyste : un voleur de rêves ? (1993)

Résumé France, la patiente dont il est question dans cet article, a fait une première analyse, assez vite interrompue : des événements extraordinairement douloureux sont intervenus dans sa vie, depuis l’enfance, jusqu’à l’âge adulte ; le fonctionnement mental de France, alors sidéré par la coïncidence entre fantasme et réalité (collapsus topique), a besoin, pour redémarrer, d’un étayage sur la présence physique de l’objet qui me fait lui proposer un premier temps de face à face avant une cure classique. Dans ce contexte, les rêves vont être un indice précieux de cette remise en marche ; je développe plus particulièrement l’idée que l’espace interne du rêve est susceptible de mouvements d’expansion ou de rétraction liés à l’importance de la condensation et qui situent ainsi le rêve entre fétiche et espace transitionnel.
Crystal growth and equilibrium crystal shapes of silicon in the melt (2012)

ABSTRACT The crystal growth shape (CGS) and equilibrium crystal shape (ECS) of silicon in Si melt are observed using in situ observation. Fully faceted silicon CGSs, which are dominated by the {111} facets, are observed from the {112} and {110} orientation. Silicon CGS in three‐dimensional in Si melt is octahedral in shape, bounded by {111} facets. Silicon ECSs in the melt are obtained by the relaxation from the CGSs and exhibit the {111} facets separated by curved interface. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Regeneration of Zeolite Catalyst for Isobutane Alkylation with Olefins (2018)

The reductive regeneration of a PdCaLaHY zeolite catalyst for isobutane alkylation with butylenes has been studied for the process carried out in the reaction–reductive regeneration–reaction mode. It has been found that the composition of regeneration products was identical to the alkylate composition, suggesting the proceeding of mild hydrocracking of hydrocarbon deposits on the catalyst surface. The optimal maximum temperature of catalyst regeneration has been determined using the TGA/DSC method. The catalyst regeneration conditions found to ensure almost complete recovery of the initial activity of the catalyst are as follows: a temperature up to 320°C, pressure of 1.2 MPa, and a hydrogen space velocity of 1000 h−1.
Anaerobic microbial community dynamics during discontinuous treatment of a synthetic dairy wastewater (2008)

Background and aims: Anaerobic digestion is an opportunity to generate energy from treatment of effluents with high lipid content. Nevertheless, long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) usually accumulate within reactors causing biomass washout and microbial inhibition. Discontinuous operation was suggested as the optimal strategy to treat LCFA-rich wastewater. In this work, microbial community dynamics was investigated, during the discontinuous operation of an anaerobic reactor treating a synthetic dairy wastewater. Methods: An anaerobic lab scale reactor was operated in cycles, with OLR ranging from 4 to 8 kgCODm-3day-1. Feeding was composed of sodium oleate and skim-milk. Eight biomass samples were collected during the reactor operation and after DNA extraction, microbial community was studied by means of PCR-DGGE of the 16S rRNA gene fragments. Results: DGGE-fingerprints of Archaea and Bacteria showed that bacterial community was more affected by the operating conditions imposed than the archaeal one. Shifts in microbial community correlate well with the reactor performance and point out to microbial acclimation, since overall COD removal efficiency and methane yield increased along time up to 98% and 91%, respectively. Specific methanogenic acetoclastic and hydrogenotrophic activities increased from 2 and 56 mlCH4(STP)gVS-1d-1 at the beginning to 246 and 512 mlCH4(STP)gVS-1d-1 at the end of the operation, respectively. Conclusions: The results obtained show that the discontinuous operation applied promoted gradual development of a specialized microbial consortium able to efficiently treat LCFA-rich wastewater.