gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spatial Multiplexing Technique for Improving Dynamic Range of Speckle Correlation based Optical Lever (2019)

Abstract Speckle correlation based optical levers (SC-OptLev) possess attractive characteristics suitable for sensing small changes in the angular orientations of surfaces. In this study, we propose and demonstrate a spatial multiplexing technique for improving the dynamic range of SC-OptLev. When the surface is in its initial position, a synthetic speckle intensity pattern, larger than the area of the image sensor is created by transversely shifting the image sensor and recording different sections of a larger speckle pattern. Then, the acquired images are stitched together by a computer program into one relatively large synthetic speckle pattern. Following the calibration stage, the synthetic speckle intensity pattern is used to sense changes in the surface’s angular orientation. The surface is monitored in real-time by recording part of the speckle pattern which lies within the sensor area. Next, the recorded speckle pattern is cross-correlated with the synthetic speckle pattern in the computer. The resulting shift of the correlation peak indicates the angular orientations of the reflective surface under test. This spatial-multiplexing technique enables sensing changes in the angular orientation of the surface beyond the limit imposed by the physical size of the image sensor.
Acute nicotine and phencyclidine increase locomotor activity of the guinea pig (2009)

While the behavioral effects of nicotine and phencyclidine have been well characterized in rats and mice, substantially less is known about their effects in guinea pigs. Understanding the pharmacology of these compounds has relevance to both addictive behaviors and psychoses. In some circumstances, human pharmacology may be better represented by guinea pigs than by rats or mice. The goal of this study was to determine the utility of the guinea pig as a model for assessing the behavioral actions of nicotine and phencyclidine, drugs that have locomotor stimulant activity in rat and mouse. Nicotine (1‐3 mg/kg) dose‐dependently increased locomotor activity. The time courses of the responses were also dose‐dependent. Phencyclidine (3‐10 mg/kg) increased locomotor activity with effects that were longer‐lasting than those of nicotine. Both the magnitude and duration of the increased locomotor activity are less than that seen with mouse or rat models under otherwise similar conditions. Additionally, higher doses of nicotine and phencyclidine are required to produce locomotor stimulation in the guinea pig. These data suggest that, in terms of responsiveness to psychomotor stimulants, the guinea pig is a less sensitive model species than rats or mice.
Current Status of Podcasts in Orthopaedic Surgery Practice and Education (2021)

Within orthopaedic surgery, podcasts are a popular medium for sharing information. The purpose of this Training Room feature was to identify the number, type, longevity, popularity, and advantages and disadvantages of orthopaedic surgery podcasts and to better understand the role of podcasts in our field by interviewing key leaders in orthopaedic surgery who host their own podcast. We identified 102 unique orthopaedic podcasts. The number of active podcasts grew from 5 in 2016 to 67 in 2021, which represents an increase of 1,340%. Podcasts offer the advantages of easy access to knowledge and opportunity for multitasking. They come with the disadvantages of lack of visualization in a field that relies heavily on diagrams, photographs, videos, and radiographs and lack of peer review, which means false information may be propagated. We anticipate an increase in the number and popularity of orthopaedic surgery podcasts in the coming years.
Effects of Food on the Pharmacokinetics of Edoxaban, an Oral Direct Factor Xa Inhibitor, in Healthy Volunteers (2010)

The primary objective of this study was to assess the effect of a standard high-fat meal on the single-dose (60 mg) pharmacokinetics (PK) of edoxaban in healthy Japanese and Caucasian male volunteers matched by body mass index. This was an open-label, randomized, 2-period crossover study. All 32 enrolled volunteers completed the study per protocol. Both serial blood and urine samples were collected, and edoxaban concentrations were analyzed by a validated liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method. Activated partial thromboplastin and prothrombin times were obtained as measures of pharmacodynamic effect. The point estimates of the geometric mean ratios (fed/fasted) for AUC(0-t), AUC(0-∞), and C(max) demonstrated modest increases ranging from 6% to 22% across PK parameters for both race cohorts. The disposition was similar in both Japanese and Caucasian matched volunteers with slightly higher AUC values (ranging from 7%-9%) in Caucasians. There were no serious adverse events during the study. All drug-related adverse events were mild and self-limited, and none were bleeding related. Both Japanese and Caucasian volunteers demonstrated a modest but clinically insignificant food effect. It was concluded that edoxaban can be administered without regard to food.
Phasing the Webb telescope (2022)

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is a segmented deployable telescope, currently operating at L2. The telescope utilizes 6 degrees of freedom for adjustment of the Secondary Mirror (SM) and 7 degrees of freedom for adjustment of each of its 18 segments in the Primary Mirror (PM). After deployment, the PM segments and the SM arrived in their correct optical positions to within a ~1 mm, with accordingly large wavefront errors. A Wavefront Sensing and Controls (WFSC) process was executed to adjust each of these optical elements in order to correct the deployment errors and produce diffraction-limited images across the entire science field. This paper summarizes the application of the WFSC process.
Computational Mesoscope for Single-Shot 3D Fluorescence Imaging (2020)

We report a Computational Miniature Mesoscope for single-shot 3D fluorescence imaging across a wide field-of-view and extended depth-of-field.
On the Convergence of the Multipole Expansion Method (2021)

The multipole expansion method (MEM) is a spatial discretization technique that is widely used in applications that feature scattering of waves from circular cylinders. Moreover, it also serves as a key component in several other numerical methods in which scattering computations involving arbitrarily shaped objects are accelerated by enclosing the objects in artificial cylinders. A fundamental question is that of how fast the approximation error of the MEM converges to zero as the truncation number goes to infinity. Despite the fact that the MEM was introduced in 1913, and has been in widespread usage as a numerical technique since as far back as 1955, a precise characterization of the asymptotic rate of convergence of the MEM has not been obtained. In this work, we provide a resolution to this issue. While our focus in this paper is on the Dirichlet scattering problem, this is merely for convenience and our results actually establish convergence rates that hold for all MEM formulations irrespective of the specific boundary conditions or boundary integral equation solution representation chosen.
Integration of a Nucleoside Triphosphate Regeneration System in the One‐pot Synthesis of UDP‐sugars and Hyaluronic Acid (2021)

Abstract Enzymatic synthesis is a promising approach to produce hyaluronic acid (HA) products with defined molecular weight (MW) and dispersity. We here report on the evaluation of nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) regeneration system for the synthesis of the precursors uridine‐5'‐diphosphate α‐ d ‐ N ‐acetylglucosamine (UDP‐GlcNAc) and uridine‐5'‐diphosphate α‐ d ‐glucuronic acid (UDP‐GlcA) and integration in the one‐pot synthesis of HA. By integration of polyphosphate kinase from Ruegeria pomeroyi (RpPPK2‐3) into the enzyme cascade to synthesize UDP‐GlcA we reached 89 % yield after 1 h with a regeneration cycle number (RCN) of 17. With the UDP‐GlcNAc cascade, the ATP concentration was lowered 250‐fold and reached 94 % yield after 1 h with an RCN of 234. Integration of the RpPPK2‐3 regeneration system in one‐pot HA synthesis afforded optimization of MgCl 2 and ATP starting concentrations. With 25 mM MgCl 2 and 0.1 mM ATP, a HA concentration of 0.81 g L −1 with an average MW of 1.17 MDa and dispersity of about 1.08 and an RCN of 75 was obtained. We conclude that integration of NTP regeneration with RpPPK2‐3 expanded the enzymatic possibilities to produce HA with lower range MW.
Supplemental Figures S1-S9 from Fructose Promotes Cytoprotection in Melanoma Tumors and Resistance to Immunotherapy (2023)

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Endoscopic diode laser welding of mucosal grafts on the larynx: A new technique (1995)

Epithelial coverage of a laryngotracheal wound is an important factor in preventing stenosis, and endoscopic transplantation of a free mucosal graft without stents or sutures would be a significant therapeutic advance. In vitro and in vivo canine studies were performed to explore the feasibility of transplantation with a low-power diode laser (400 mW) enhanced by indocyanine green dye-doped albumin. The tensile strength of graft adherence in 10 cadaver larynges was strong (35.25 +/- 10.39 g). Survival studies in live canine models with a specially designed endoscopic instrument set showed excellent healing at 6, 14, and 28 days. Healing was documented with photography and by histologic examination. Successful endoscopic transplantation of a free mucosal graft should improve results of treatment for laryngotracheal stenosis and laryngeal reconstructive surgery.
Simulation of Smart Home Activity Datasets (2015)

A globally ageing population is resulting in an increased prevalence of chronic conditions which affect older adults. Such conditions require long-term care and management to maximize quality of life, placing an increasing strain on healthcare resources. Intelligent environments such as smart homes facilitate long-term monitoring of activities in the home through the use of sensor technology. Access to sensor datasets is necessary for the development of novel activity monitoring and recognition approaches. Access to such datasets is limited due to issues such as sensor cost, availability and deployment time. The use of simulated environments and sensors may address these issues and facilitate the generation of comprehensive datasets. This paper provides a review of existing approaches for the generation of simulated smart home activity datasets, including model-based approaches and interactive approaches which implement virtual sensors, environments and avatars. The paper also provides recommendation for future work in intelligent environment simulation.
Practical management of acute asthma in adults. (2002)

All asthma patients are at risk for acute asthma exacerbations. Moderate to severe exacerbations account for many emergency department visits and subsequent hospitalizations each year. Recent studies have advanced our understanding of the pathogenesis and treatment of acute asthma. The purpose of this review is to provide practical guidance in the assessment and treatment of adults with acute asthma in the hospital setting. Managing patients with acute asthma involves assessing the severity of the exacerbation, implementing measures to rapidly reverse airflow limitation, and instituting therapies that limit the progression of airway inflammation. Some patients may benefit from other supportive measures such as heliox and noninvasive ventilation. If the patient continues to deteriorate and requires mechanical ventilation, then ventilator settings that minimize the risk of hyperinflation should be chosen. After an episode of acute asthma, long-term preventive medications, especially inhaled corticosteroids, should be prescribed and education should be provided to prevent future episodes.
Formal hardware verification based on signal correlation properties (2004)

This paper deals with special challenges in the formal verification of high-performance circuits that involve redundant number representations and partial compressions. Our particular focus is the verification of circuits where symbolic consideration of number representations is not sufficient, but where additionally properties beyond operand values need to be considered to show correct operation. As a solution, we consider theorem proving techniques in PVS and we propose a framework that allows for reasoning about signal correlation properties in redundant representations. We develop a library for redundant representations that includes support of basic circuits for partial compression and that verifies several fundamental properties regarding signal correlation and partial compression in the computed results. We outline the applicability of our library in the verification of several practical circuits.
Abstract B21: Disruption of NFκB/Stat3 interaction as a potential therapeutic avenue for pancreatic cancer management. (2012)

Pancreatic cancer (PanCA) has the shortest 5-year survival of any solid tumor. It is critical to understand the molecular events that drive pancreatic carcinogenesis in order to develop targeted therapy for PanCA patients. In the current study we explored the potential therapeutic benefit of Nexrutine R (Nx) as an antipancreatic cancer agent using a variety of cell lines and a preclinical animal model. Nx is isolated from the bark of Phellodendron amurense. We found that in human pancreatic cancer cell lines BxPC-3 and Capan-2, Nx induced apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS), modulated autophagy and reduced the level of phosphorylation of Stat3. Nx-induced growth inhibitory effects were reversed partially in cell lines with stable knockdown of Stat3 suggesting that Nx may induce programmed cell death processes by inhibiting Stat3-mediated signaling pathways. The levels, expression and enzymatic activity of Cox-2, a downstream target of Stat3 also decreased in response to Nx treatment. Transient expression and ChIP assays revealed the binding of Stat3 and NFκB to Cox-2 promoter. Nx treatment disrupted this binding. Gel super-shift assays identified the presence of both NFκB and Stat3 in the DNA-protein complexes formed with nuclear extracts prepared from BxPC-3 or CaPan-2 cells suggesting potential protein-protein interaction. Nx administration to K5-Cox-2 transgenic mice that develop pancreatitis showed reduced fibrosis that is accompanied by reduced levels of Stat3 and NFκB. Overall, the present study unveils a novel interplay between Stat3/NFκB signaling in pancreatic cancer cells. These data further suggest that the targeted disruption of Stat3/NFκB may represent a valid therapeutic approach in this cancer. Supported by NCCAM and pilot funds from CTRC (APK). Citation Format: Jingjing Gong, Jianping Xie, Izhar Batth, James W. Freeman, Divya Chakravarthy, Addanki pratap Kumar. Disruption of NFκB/Stat3 interaction as a potential therapeutic avenue for pancreatic cancer management. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer: Progress and Challenges; Jun 18-21, 2012; Lake Tahoe, NV. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(12 Suppl):Abstract nr B21.
mono-Brominated-Propyphenazone as a New Derivatization Reagent for High Performance Liquid Chromatography of Ephedrine with UV-Detection (2008)

mono-brominated-propyphenazone was used as a derivatization reagent for the detection and quantification of ephedrine by high performance liquid chromatography using Zorbax-XDB C18 column, and 0.02 M sodium acetate (pH 4.4): acetonitrile (52:48 v/v) as mobile phase and UV detection at 280nm. The cited reagent reacts with the secondary amino group of ephedrine in acetone using anhydrous potassium carbonate as hydrobromide acceptor. The reaction was completed within 20 minutes in 100 µL acetone with heating at 90 ± 5°C in a capped mini reaction vial. The stoichiometry of the reaction was one-to-one mol from each mono-brominated-propyphenazone and ephedrine. The linear concentration range of ephedrine was 30 to 900 ng per injection (50 µL). The detection limit was 9 ng/injection (50 µL). The derivatized ephedrine was synthesized and confirmed with spectral analysis. This method was applied for determination of spiked ephedrine in human urine and after extraction with charcoal column using methanol: 0.2 M NaOH (20:0.2, mL:mL) as eluant.
Photo-switchable surfaces: a new approach to chemical sensing (2007)

Here, we discuss an interesting concept that brings an added flexibility in chemo/bio sensing. We present system that can be switched photonically between two states, only one of which exhibits ion-binding behaviour. The system is based on molecular photoswitch spiropyran, which is probably the most studied compound exhibiting above characteristics. Upon irradiation with UV light the passive spiropyran (SP) molecule undergoes a heterocyclic ring cleavage that results with the formation of the merocyanine (MC) which is zwitterionic form capable of ion binding. In contrast to the uncharged and colourless spiropyran form, the merocyanine form is highly charged and can be utilized as ligand for other charged species. Moreover, it is strongly coloured, and the colour tells us which form is present. In addition it provides interesting information about the immediate environment of the merocyanine binding site (e.g. polarity, presence of certain ions etc.). In this work, we present a SP-based system in which SP is immobilized and protected within a polymeric matrix. Such system may be used for detection of metal ions in highly polar solvents, e.g. water. The response characteristics and kinetics of MC-Cr<sup>3+</sup> complex formation and SP-MC switching within the polymer matrix have been determined. Simple light emitting diodes (LEDs) have been employed for photoswitching and colorimetric measurement of SP-MC switching and MC-Cr<sup>3+</sup> complex formation as light sources and detectors.
[Mechanisms of exertion dyspnea in cardiac insufficiency]. (1990)

Effort dyspnea in cardiac failure corresponds to a subjective perception of difficulty in breathing which is itself secondary to a disproportion between the central bulbar respiratory regulation and the level of pulmonary ventilation attained. In cardiac failure, this situation is the result of dysfunction of both the respiratory apparatus and the skeletal striated muscle during exercise. During exercise a rise in left ventricular end diastolic pressure causes: a reduction in pulmonary compliance. The bronchial and alveolar capillaries drain into the pulmonary veins. The congestion of these capillaries and the resulting oedema makes the lung "stiffer"; an increase in the resistances of the small airways due to direct compression by congested bronchial vessels. The physiological dead space increases: the respiratory muscles ventilate pulmonary zones which are not perfused to no benefit. The reduction of pulmonary compliance, the increased resistances of the airways and of the physiological dead space all contribute to increase the work of the respiratory muscles. In addition to these mechanical phenomena, there is greater stimulation of the respiratory centre in the brain stem by the metabolic abnormalities of the skeletal striated muscles. During effort, they rapidly function under anaerobic conditions and the resulting hyperproduction of lactate and carbon dioxide stimulates the respiratory centres.
High efficiency coherent beam combining of semiconductor optical amplifiers (2012)

We demonstrate 40 W coherently combined output power in a single diffraction-limited beam from a one-dimensional 47-element array of angled-facet slab-coupled optical waveguide amplifiers at 1064 nm. The output from each emitter was collimated and overlapped onto a diffractive optical element combiner using a common transform lens. Phase locking was achieved via active feedback on each amplifier's drive current to maximize the power in the combined beam. The combining efficiency at all current levels was nearly constant at 87%.
A Neural Data Security Model: Ensure high confidentiality and security in cloud datastorage environment (2015)

Cloud computing is a computing paradigm which provides a dynamic environment for end users to guarantee Quality of Service (QoS) on data towards confidentiality on the out sourced data. Confidentiality is about accessing a set of information from a cloud database with a high security level This research proposes a new cloud data security model, A Neural Data Security Model to ensure high confidentiality and security in cloud data storage environment for achieving data confidentiality in the cloud database platform. This cloud Neural Data Security Model comprises Dynamic Hashing Fragmented Component and Feedback Neural Data Security Component. The data security component deals with data encryption for sensitive data using the RSA algorithm to increase the confidentiality level. The fragmented sensitive data is stored in dynamic hashing. The Feedback Neural Data Security Component is used to encrypt and decrypt the sensitive data by using Feedback Neural Network. This Feedback Neural Network is deployed using the RSA security algorithm. This work is efficient and effective for all kinds of queries requested by the user. The performance of this work is better than the conventional cloud data security models as it achieve a high data confidentiality level.
Nonsynaptic Chemical Transmission Through Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors (2008)

This review attempts to organize the different aspects of nicotinic transmission in the context of nonsynaptic interactions. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) dominantly operate in the nonsynaptic mode in the central nervous system despite their ligand-gated ion-channel nature, which would otherwise be better suited for fast synaptic transmission. This fast form of nonsynaptic transmission, most likely unique to nAChRs, represents a new avenue in the communication platforms of the brain. Cholinergic messages received by nAChRs, arriving at a later phase following synaptic activation, can interfere with dendritic signal integration. Nicotinic transmission plays a role in both neural plasticity and cellular learning processes, as well as in long-term changes in basic activity through fast activation, desensitization of receptors, and fluctuations of the steady-state levels of ACh. ACh release can contribute to plastic changes via activation of nAChRs in neurons and therefore plays a role in learning and memory in different brain regions. Assuming that nAChRs in human subjects are ready to receive long-lasting messages from the extracellular space because of their predominantly nonsynaptic distribution, they offer an ideal target for drug therapy at low, nontoxic drug levels.
Plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 and diabetic nephropathy (2005)

Diabetic nephropathy is characterized by excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) in the kidney. Decreased ECM degradation as well as increased ECM synthesis plays an important role in ECM remodeling that favours tissue fibrosis. Plasminogen activator (PA)/plasmin/PA inhibitor (PAI) system is involved in ECM degradation and PAI-1 plays a critical role in ECM remodeling in the kidney. Normal human kidneys do not express PAI-1 but PAI-1 is overexpressed in pathologic conditions associated with renal fibrosis including diabetic nephropathy. Reactive oxygen species mediate PAI-1 up-regulation in renal cells cultured under high glucose, hypoxia, and TGF-beta1. Recent studies utilizing PAI-1 deficient mice suggest that PAI-1 induce ECM deposition in diabetic kidney through increased ECM synthesis by TGF-beta1 up-regulation as well as through decreased ECM degradation by suppression of plasmin and MMP-2 activity.