gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mode Control Of An Array Of Algaas Lasers Using A Spatial Filter In A Talbot Cavity (1989)

Coherence between elements of a laser diode array can be established either by coupling the individual oscillators together on-chip or by coupling the array as a whole to an external cavity. Several techniques for on-chip coupling have been demonstrated 1,2,3, however these approaches typically produce an output having low Strehl ratio due to the difficulty of maintaining adequate control of the phase and amplitude of the emitters across the length of the chip. Several authors have reported phase locking of small laser diode arrays by placing the diode array in an external cavity and making use of a spatial filter in a Fourier transform plane of the array to force mutual coherence between the diodes 4,5,6. This technique works well for relatively small arrays, but becomes impractical for large scale arrays. Recently an external cavity technique has been demonstrated that takes advantage of the Talbot self-imaging effect 7 to phase lock an array of laser oscillators 8,9,10,11,12. A significant advantage of the Talbot cavity as opposed to previous external cavity approaches is that the Talbot cavity can be scaled to accommodate arrays containing a large number of lasers if attention is paid to control of the oscillating modes of the array. In this paper we demonstrate how mode control of an array of diode lasers in a Talbot cavity can be achieved through the use of intracavity spatial filters or phase masks. The Talbot (or &quot;Self-Imaging&quot;) cavity makes use of the diffractive properties of the Fresnel (near-field) zone of a periodic array of coherent sources, which has a set of characteristic self-image planes associated with it. At distances 2nD2/A from the array an image of the array is formed (D is the separation between elements in the source array and n is an integer). In addition to these planes, there also exists a set of planes at distances D2/mA, (m=1,2,3,...) from the source array in which multiple images of the source are formed, we refer to these planes as &quot;subrimage planes.&quot; In the &quot;m-th&quot; sub-image plane, &quot;m&quot; separate images of the source array are formed, the different images having relative phase shifts between them. Figure 1 shows the locations of the first few image planes and the relative phases of the images in the planes.
Measurements of the performance of the light mixing chambers in the mixel camera (2015)

Spectral data acquired with traditional push-broom hyperspectral cameras may be significantly distorted due to spatial misregistration such as keystone. The mixel camera is a new type of push-broom hyperspectral camera, where an image recorded with arbitrary (even large) keystone is reconstructed to a nearly keystone-free image. The key component of the mixel camera is an array of light mixing chambers in the slit plane, and the precision of the image reconstruction depends on the light mixing properties of these chambers. In this work we describe how these properties were measured in a mixel camera prototype. We also investigate the potential performance of the mixel camera in terms of spatial co-registration, based on the measured response of the mixing chambers to a point source. The results suggest that, with the current chambers, a perfectly characterized mixel camera should have residual spatial misregistration that is equivalent to 0.02-0.03 pixels keystone. This compares favorably to high resolution instruments where keystone is corrected in hardware or by resampling.
Synthesis, epimerization, X-ray structure, and absolute configuration of an optically active molybdenum complex having five independent ligands (1978)

Synthesis and epimerization of [C5H5Mo(CO)2{(S)-PN*}Cl][(S)-PN*=(S)-(+)-Ph2PN(Me)CH(Me)(Ph)], the first optically active square-pyramidal molecule containing 5 independent ligands, are reported; the absolute configuration at the Mo atom is determined by X-ray crystallography to be (S).
Glycoform Analysis of Japanese Cypress Pollen Allergen, Cha o 1: A Comparison of the Glycoforms of Cedar and Cypress Pollen Allergens (2008)

A Japanese cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa) pollen allergen, Cha o 1, is one of the major allergens that cause allergic pollinosis in Japan. Although it has been found that Cha o 1 is glycosylated and that the amino acid sequence is highly homologous with that of Japanese cedar pollen allergen (Cry j 1), the structure of N-glycans linked to Cha o 1 remains to be determined. In this study, therefore, we analyzed the structures of the N-glycans of Cha o1. The N-glycans were liberated by hydrazinolysis from purified Cha o 1, and the resulting sugar chains were N-acetylated and pyridylaminated. The structures of pyridylaminated N-glycans were analyzed by a combination of exoglycosidase digestion, two dimensional (2D-) sugar chain mapping, and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry analysis. Structural analysis indicated that the major N-glycan structure of Cha o1 is GlcNAc2Man3Xyl1Fuc1GlcNAc2 (89%), and that high-mannose type structures (Man9GlcNAc2, Man7GlcNAc2) occur as minor components (11%).
Spectroscopy-Based Mapping with Scanning Microwave Impedance Microscopy (2018)

Abstract Methods are available to measure conductivity, charge, surface potential, carrier density, piezo-electric and other electrical properties with nanometer scale resolution. One of these methods, scanning microwave impedance microscopy (sMIM), has gained interest due to its capability to measure the full impedance (capacitance and resistive part) with high sensitivity and high spatial resolution. This paper introduces a novel data-cube approach that combines sMIM imaging and sMIM point spectroscopy, producing an integrated and complete 3D data set. This approach replaces the subjective approach of guessing locations of interest (for single point spectroscopy) with a big data approach resulting in higher dimensional data that can be sliced along any axis or plane and is conducive to principal component analysis or other machine learning approaches to data reduction. The data-cube approach is also applicable to other AFM-based electrical characterization modes.
Tropospheric propagation assessment (1984)

It is well known that microwave propagation in a marine environment frequently exhibits unexpected behavior. The deviation from 4/3 earth propagation calculations is due to the fact that the vertical refractivity distribution of the troposphere rarely follows the standard lapse rate of -39 N/km. Instead, the troposphere is generally compound of horizontally stratified layers of differing refractivity gradients. The most striking propagation anomalies result when a layer gradient is less than -157 N/km, forming a trapping layer. In the marine environment, there are two mechanisms which produce such layers. An elevated trapping layer is created by the advection of a warm, dry air mass over a cold, moist air mass producing either a surface-based or an elevated duct which may affect frequencies as low as 100 MHz. A very persistent surface trapping layer is due to water evaporation at the air-sea interface. This surface, or evaporation, duct is generally thin, on the order of 10 m in vertical extent, and is an effective trapping mechanism for frequencies greater than 3 GHz. With the introduction of the Integrated Refractive Effects Prediction System (IREPS) into the US Navy, fleet units now have the capability to evaluate accurately the performance of their EM systems when the refractive environment is known. However, these units may have to plan for operations thousands of miles away under different refractivity conditions. To assist in planning, a worldwide upper air and surface climatology has been developed for use through the IREPS programs. The IREPS concept is reviewed and a description of the tropospheric ducting data base is presented.
Modular Wireless Power Transmission for Photovoltaic Subpanel System (2021)

A modular wireless power transmission (WPT) Photovoltaic (PV) subpanel system is proposed. The PV system may contain multiple PV subpanels, and each subpanel is integrated with an individual DC/DC converter connected to a full bridge inverter and to a WPT LC resonant tank. The PV units can be placed on a wireless charging mat, and each WPT unit can be independently designed without affecting other units’ performance. However, because of the rugged outdoor environment, it is difficult to precisely know various circuit parameters, airgaps, or other influential variables that need to be matched or optimized for the WPT. Therefore, two separate power point tracking algorithms are implemented. The first (traditional) maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is used to maintain the solar panel at its highest efficiency point. The second frequency power point tracker is used to adjust the operating frequency of the inverter to match the resonant frequency of the WPT system to ensure the maximum efficiency transfer. Preliminary experimental results are provided to verify the robustness of the WPT system features and the control strategies.
Characterization and modeling of charge trapping: From single defects to devices (2014)

Using time-dependent defect spectroscopy measurements on nanoscale MOSFETs, individual defects have been characterized in much greater detail than ever before. These studies have revealed the existence of metastable defect states which have a significant impact on the capture and emission time constants. For example, these defect states explain the large emission time constants observed in bias temperature measurements as well as the switching behavior of defects sensitive to gate bias changes towards accumulation. By carefully analyzing the properties of the defects contributing to random telegraph noise and the recoverable component of the bias temperature instability, it could be confirmed that both phenomena are due to the same type of defect. The most fundamental property of these defects is that their time constants are widely distributed, leading to the ubiquitous time and frequency dependence. By transferring this knowledge to large area devices, noise as well as the response to bias temperature stress and recovery can be understood in great detail.
A game theory model for situation awareness and management (2013)

We describe a model for determining strategies for making decisions. Decision making involves a model with several possible actions, state of the world with a probability, and a metric of how well the best decision was made. The ability to perform data mining and discover patterns to automatically predict likelihood of reaction to specific events and situational awareness is enhanced from multiple social media inputs. We discuss development of a method for determining actionable information to efficiently propitiate manpower, equipment assets, or propaganda responses. Our solution combines a variety of textual content information in different formats to help with a decision process to include sources, systems, and services that control and influence a situation. Different viewpoints need to be understood that are points involved in the event. Our FeatureSEARCHTM tool is helpful for rapidly parsing text that has been extracted with an intelligent algorithm in order to evaluate the population sentiment for the targeted area. Our tool allows for calculating optimal strategies provides greater knowledge about the state of the world and increases the likelihood of a decision maker making the best decision. We discuss game theory using linear programming methods to solve for multiple possible strategies that are known. The decision maker's success depends upon his ability to correctly and automatically judge the multiple psychological and rational factors. The goal of our system, called GlobalSite, is to deliver trustworthy threat analysis systems and services that understand situations, while being a vital tool for continuing mission operations information.
Antithrombotic Activity of Dermatan Sulphates, Heparins and their Combination in an Animal Model of Arterial Thrombosis (1996)

Dermatan sulphates have been shown to inhibit thrombus formation and thrombus growth in different experimental model of venous thrombosis. At variance with heparins, they show a remarkably low haemorrhagic potential. On the other hand, very few data are available on the effect of dermatan sulphates on arterial thrombus formation. We evaluated the effects of a low molecular weight (LMW)-dermatan sulphate, a high molecular weight (HMW)-dermatan sulphate and sulodexide (a mixture of fast-moving heparin fraction and dermatan sulphate) in comparison with LMW- and HMW-heparin, in a model of arterial thrombosis in rats. The insertion of an artificial prosthesis into the abdominal aorta of the animals induced the formation of an occluding thrombus within 2-5 days. The time in which 50% of the loops became occluded (OT50) was also calculated and used to compare the efficacy of the different drug treatments. This was 2.84 days for control animals and 4.25 and 5.80 days for HMW- and LMW-dermatan sulphate, respectively. Neither drug changed the "template" bleeding time, even at higher doses. In contrast, HMW-heparin at doses (8 mg/kg, sc, twice a day) inducing an antithrombotic activity comparable to that of dermatan sulphates, dramatically prolonged the bleeding time. LMW-heparin at the same doses was ineffective. Sulodexide (10 mg/Kg, sc, twice a day) prolonged the occlusion time to the same extent as HMW-heparin (OT50 5.10 vs. 4.14 days), with less an effect on the bleeding time (144 +/- 6 s vs. > 300 s, respectively). Histological examination confirms that the prolongation of occlusion time induced by the drugs is really related to thrombus formation inhibition at the site of arterial wall injury. Acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) (100 mg/kg/day in drinking water as lysine acetylsalicylate) did not modify the effect of Desmin 370 and Sulodexide on both occlusion and bleeding time. However, while it did not increase the antithrombotic activity of HMW-heparin, it significantly prolonged its haemorrhagic effect. In conclusion, dermatan sulphates are effective inhibitors of arterial thrombosis in rats, without inducing bleeding complications.
Observation of room temperature optical absorption in InP/GaAs type-II ultrathin quantum wells and quantum dots (2014)

Room temperature optical absorption process is observed in ultrathin quantum wells (QWs) and quantum dots (QDs) of InP/GaAs type-II band alignment system using surface photovoltage spectroscopy technique, where no measurable photoluminescence signal is available. Clear signature of absorption edge in the sub band gap region of GaAs barrier layer is observed for the ultrathin QWs and QDs, which red shifts with the amount of deposited InP material. Movement of photogenerated holes towards the sample surface is proposed to be the main mechanism for the generation of surface photovoltage in type-II ultrathin QWs and QDs. QDs of smaller size are found to be free from the dislocations as confirmed by the high resolution transmission electron microscopy images.
Preparation of high quality YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-δ/ thick films on flexible Ni-based alloy substrates with textured buffer layers (1995)

High current YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-/spl delta// (YBCO) thick films on flexible nickel substrates with textured buffer layers were fabricated. Highly textured yttria-stabilized-zirconia (YSZ) buffer layers were deposited by using ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD). Pulsed laser deposited YBCO films were not only c-axis oriented with respect to the film surface but also strongly in-plane textured. The in-plane mosaic spread of YBCO films was/spl sim/10/spl deg/. A critical current density of 8/spl times/10/sup 5/ A/cm/sup 2/ was obtained at 75 K and zero field for thin YBCO films. It was also demonstrated that thick YBCO films with a high critical current and excellent magnetic field dependence at liquid nitrogen temperature can be obtained on flexible nickel substrates by using the textured buffer layers. Issues encountered in producing the films were discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Catalyst and reactor development for a liquid phase Fischer-Tropsch process (1989)

The preparation, characterization, and performance of a range of metal catalysts for use in slurry phase Fischer-Tropsch technology was investigated with the objective of developing new compositions with improved selectivity for gasoline and diesel fuel range hydrocarbons. A series of conventional catalysts was identified for testing for both gas and slurry phases. A gas phase screening protocol was set up to allow reasonably rapid determination of each catalyst's synthesis gas conversion characteristic over a range of operating conditions. The catalysts selected represented a range of catalytic metals known to promote conversion of synthesis gas to hydrocarbon liquids. Both precipitates and supported variations of these metals were studied. Catalysts studied include: ruthenium-based catalysts with osmium, and cobalt carbonyl supported on zirconia promoted. 23 refs., 2 figs., 10 tabs.
Consideration on reproduction of haptic sensation of artificial skin with various roughness (2020)

We have attempted to reproduce the texture of several artificial skins by displaying horizontal vibrations and lateral forces based on recordings of the vibrations and friction generated when a finger traces these artificial skins. Our main idea was to ensure the softness and viscoelasticity of the artificial skin through use of a real smooth skin made of polyurethane, and vibration and force cues were then “superimposed” on this skin for modulation purposes. The acceleration and fine friction of the finger that traced the artificial skin was recorded using a measurement system, and was presented using the haptic device made during our previous work. A discrimination experiment was performed and we compared the result with recorded vibration to discuss the relationship between the roughness of samples and the vibration recorded from them. Evaluation experiment was also performed to confirm the reproducibility of the haptic characteristics of each artificial skin type.
NDA Timing Estimation with 1-bit Quantization and Oversampling at the Receiver (2020)

As communication systems require ever higher bandwidths, designing digital receivers based on 1-bit quantization and oversampling w.r.t. the transmit signal bandwidth can reduce circuit complexity and lower the energy consumption. This is due to the fact that high resolution in time domain is less difficult to achieve than high resolution in amplitude domain. However, as 1-bit quantization is a highly non-linear operation, standard channel parameter estimation algorithms for digital receivers cannot be applied. In this paper we consider an unknown phase rotation and an unknown timing offset at the receiver. Furthermore, we assume that the receiver applies uniform phase and sample dithering, which can be implemented by sampling at an irrational normalized intermediate frequency and with an irrational oversampling factor, respectively. Starting from the least squares objective function, we derive a phase independent, non-data aided (NDA) timing estimator. Considering sample dithering, we prove that the estimator is consistent, even if the noise is colored due to oversampling w.r.t. the signal bandwidth. Moreover, we numerically evaluate the variance of the estimator and compare it to the Cramér-Rao lower bound. We find that the qualitative behavior is similar to the Oerder&Meyr estimator that is often used in the unquantized case and that oversampling can significantly improve the performance.
Development and characterization of orally-disintegrating films for propolis delivery (2013)

This study aimed at evaluating the effect of different concentrations of hydrolyzed collagen (HC) on the properties of an orally disintegrating film containing propolis ethanol extract (PEE) as an active component. The films were evaluated in terms of total phenols, mechanical properties, solubility, contact angle, disintegration time, and microstructure. The films were prepared by casting with 2 g of protein mass (gelatin and HC), 30 g of sorbitol/100 g of protein mass, and 100 g of PEE/100 g of protein mass. HC was incorporated at concentrations of 0, 10, 20, and 30 g/100 g of protein mass. It was found that increased concentrations of HC reduced tensile strength and increased elongation; however, all films showed plastic behavior. An increase in solubility at 25 ºC, a reduction in the contact angle, and disintegration time were also observed. Thus, higher concentrations of collagen led to more hydrophilic and more soluble polymeric matrices that showed shorter dissolution time, favoring the use of these materials as carriers for active compounds to be delivered in the oral cavity.
A Review of Flaviviruses that Have No Known Arthropod Vector (2017)

Most viruses in the genus <i>Flavivirus</i> are horizontally transmitted between hematophagous arthropods and vertebrate hosts, but some are maintained in arthropod- or vertebrate-restricted transmission cycles. Flaviviruses maintained by vertebrate-only transmission are commonly referred to as no known vector (NKV) flaviviruses. Fourteen species and two subtypes of NKV flaviviruses are recognized by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), and Tamana bat virus potentially belongs to this group. NKV flaviviruses have been isolated in nature almost exclusively from bats and rodents; exceptions are the two isolates of Dakar bat virus recovered from febrile humans and the recent isolations of Sokoluk virus from field-collected ticks, which raises questions as to whether it should remain classified as an NKV flavivirus. There is evidence to suggest that two other NKV flaviviruses, Entebbe bat virus and Yokose virus, may also infect arthropods in nature. The best characterized bat- and rodent-associated NKV flaviviruses are Rio Bravo and Modoc viruses, respectively, but both have received limited research attention compared to many of their arthropod-infecting counterparts. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review of NKV flaviviruses, placing a particular emphasis on their classification, host range, geographic distribution, replication kinetics, pathogenesis, transmissibility and molecular biology.
Acceleration Compensation for Force Measurements in Hypersonic Shock Tunnel (2013)

Force measurements in impulse facilities are likely to be affected by inertial effects. A technique that compensated for inertial forces due to acceleration of the model-balance assembly was developed and applied. This technique included experimental determination of the transfer function to enable the drag force to be obtained by a deconvolution of the measured signal. Furthermore, the method incorporated the determination of the effective oscillating mass of the system to calculate the inertial force. This inertial force was deducted from the deconvolved signal to recover the actual drag force. Tests at different stagnation enthalpy levels were conducted in a hypersonic shock tunnel to validate the developed technique. These tests utilized an external drag balance mounted with a blunt cone at Mach 10. The results were close to modified Newtonian values.