gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Glimpse of Physical Layer Decision Mechanisms: Facts, Challenges, and Remedies (2021)

Communications are realized as a result of successive decisions at the physical layer, from modulation selection to multi-antenna strategy, and each decision affects the performance of the communication systems. Future communication systems must include extensive capabilities as they will encompass a wide variety of devices and applications. Conventional physical layer decision mechanisms may not meet these requirements, as they are often based on impractical and oversimplifying assumptions that result in a trade-off between complexity and efficiency. By leveraging past experiences, learning-driven designs are promising solutions to present a resilient decision mechanism and enable rapid response even under exceptional circumstances. The corresponding design solutions should evolve following the lines of learning-driven paradigms that offer more autonomy and robustness. This evolution must take place by considering the facts of real-world systems and without restraining assumptions. In this paper, the common assumptions in the physical layer are presented to highlight their discrepancies with practical systems. As a solution, learning algorithms are examined by considering the implementation steps and challenges. Furthermore, these issues are discussed through a real-time case study using software-defined radio nodes to demonstrate the potential performance improvement. A cyber-physical framework is presented to incorporate future remedies.
Hypoxanthine: a low molecular weight factor essential for growth of erythrocyticPlasmodium falciparumin a serum-free medium (1996)

A low molecular weight factor in a basal medium essential for erythrocytic Plasmodium falciparum development in a serum-free medium using a cell growth-promoting factor derived from adult bovine serum was detected. The factor was hypoxanthine. The optimal hypoxanthine concentration for parasite growth was between 15 and 120 microM. The contribution of hypoxanthine to increased parasite growth was clearly evident in cultures on day 4. Among various low molecular weight supplements tested, adenine, adenosine, AMP, ATP, cyclic AMP, guanine, guanosine, inosine, inosine monophosphate, xanthine, NAD, NADH, NADP, NADPH and deoxyguanosine triphosphate showed a similar effect to that of hypoxanthine in the serum-free culture system. On the other hand, the addition of uric acid, FAD, thymidine, uridine, orotic acid, deoxythymidine triphosphate, deoxycytidine triphosphate, deoxyadenosine triphosphate, ribose-1-phosphate, or ethanolamine was not beneficial to the parasite growth. The results presented here will not only be of practical value, but will provide important information about the developmental requirements of the parasite.
S468 Impact of a DNA Methylation-based Assay on Gastroenterologists’ Recommendations for Ablation and Surveillance Time for Risk-Stratified BE Patients: A Randomized Clinical Utility Study (2021)

Introduction: Patients diagnosed with Barrett’s esophagus (BE) are typically enrolled in endoscopic surveillance programs to detect progression to high-grade dysplasia (HGD). Currently, stratifying risk depends on the histologic presence and stage of dysplasia, which poses several drawbacks, including high inter-observer variability. In this important context, an 8-gene methylation assay was developed and validated at Johns Hopkins University to assess future neoplasia risk in BE patients. To assess the impact of this assay, a randomized controlled clinical utility trial was conducted. Methods: American College of Gastroenterology member physicians were randomly invited for a 2-phase virtual study. Consenting physicians were randomized into one of 2 arms: a control group, and an intervention group. All physicians received similar simulated cases (using de-identified real-world clinical data) for 3 different patient cases (one with non-dysplastic BE, one with indeterminate for Dysplasia, and one with low-grade dysplasia). For each case, providers were asked to make care decisions as to whether they would elect to use radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and how long surveillance intervals should be. During Phase 2 the intervention group received a report describing the assay score and risk profile of 3 simulated patient cases along with the standard clinical patient information given to control group participants. Providers once again made treatment and surveillance decisions. Case descriptions in vignettes included: sex, ethnicity, age, histology, Prague Classification, and comments (e.g. lifestyle and family history. Results: Of the 147 consented gastroenterologists who initially enrolled, 82 completed both phases of the study (55% completion). Both groups made very similar surveillance and ablation decisions during Phase 1. However, during Phase 2, significant differences were observed. 64% of physicians in the intervention group recommended ablation when the assay identified a patient as high-risk for disease progression, compared with the control group (39% recommended ablation). For patients identified as low risk of progression by the assay, the average surveillance interval prescribed was 13 months longer in the interventional group compared to the control group. Conclusion: Our results suggest that a clinically validated BE risk-stratification assay may be useful in guiding clinical decisions that benefit the patient.
Wholesale China Cardboard Display Shelves OEM/ODM Quotes - Realtop (2010)

Background and objectives Wholesale China Cardboard Puzzle Exporter - Realtop(AFR) is a new modality for photorejuvenation and acne scars which combines carbon dioxide (Wholesale China White Cardboard Gift Box Factory - Realtop) laser ablation with fractional photothermolysis.Wholesale China Boxes Cardboard Custom Printed OEM/ODM Quotes - Realtop(Fraxel Re:pair)Wholesale China Template Cardboard Display Box Factory - Realtop. Materials and methods Nine patients underwent one full-face treatment. The energy levels ranged from 30-70 mJ with coverage between 30% and 45%.Wholesale China Cardboard Food Packaging Box Wholesaler - Realtop,Wholesale China Folding Cardboard Display Box Suppliers - Realtop, wrinkles, enlarged pores,Wholesale China Cardboard Boxes For Packing OEM/ODM Quotes - Realtop,Wholesale China Cardboard Paper Gift Box Suppliers - Realtop-treatment. Standardized photographs using the Canfield Visia CR system® were assessed by two independent observers. Subjective improvement was assessed by patient questionnaires. Results Nine Chinese patients (skin types III and IV, mean age 44.8) were included.Wholesale China Cardboard Paper Gift Box Manufacturers - Realtop,Wholesale China Magnetic Cardboard Gift Box Suppliers - Realtop, wrinkles, enlarged pores, and acne scars. The post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation rate was 55.5% and 11.1%Wholesale China Cardboard Food Packaging Box Exporter - Realtop-treatment, respectively. Eighty-Wholesale China Cardboard Puzzle Suppliers - Realtop. Conclusion Wholesale China Custom Printed Cardboard Box OEM/ODM Quotes - Realtop.Wholesale China Cardboard Boxes For Packing Factory - Realtop, in view of the high post-Wholesale China White Cardboard Gift Box Exporter - Realtop,Wholesale China Cardboard Puzzle Factory - Realtop-Wholesale China Cardboard Food Packaging Box Manufacturers - Realtop.
Survival study of RTA 744 (currently a single agent phase I study) alone and in combination with temozolomide in orthotopic model of glioma (2006)

1577 Background: Treatment for high-grade gliomas represents an area of significant unmet medical need, largely because few agents cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). RTA 744744 (WP744, 4’-O-benzyldoxorubicin hydrochloride) is a potent topoisomerase II poison and novel anthracycline screened for its ability to circumvent P-gp and MRP1allowing it to cross the BBB. To assess the drug’s potential in gliomas, RTA 744 was tested alone or in combination with temozolomide in an intracranial xenograft model of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). It was hypothesized that a DNA repair inhibitor such as RTA 744 would enhance the effects of temozolomide. In vitro cell based assays confirmed this hypothesis and led to in vivo testing of this novel combination. Methods: U87MG cells were implanted into the right basal ganglia of nu/nu mice via an implantable screw system. In all studies, groups of 5 or 6 mice received PBS, temozolomide, RTA 744, or the combination of RTA 744 and temozolomide administered IP. PBS and temozolomide were given on a QDx5 schedule, and several schedules were tested for RTA 744. The primary endpoint in these studies was survival. Results: In the single agent study, by day 33, all 5 of the control animals had died compared with just one of the RTA 744-treated animals. Median survival for control animals was 28 days versus 37 for RTA 744-treated animals (T/C=132%). In the combination study, median survival was 30 days for controls, 40 days for temozolomide alone (T/C=133%), and 48 days for animals receiving the optimal combination of RTA 744 and temozolomide (T/C=160%). One animal in the combination group survived to day 78, whereas no control or Temodar treated animals survived past days 32 and 45, respectively. Conclusions: RTA 744 demonstrated potent single agent activity in a rigorous preclinical model of GBM. The combination of RTA 744 and temozolomide produced survival results significantly better than those from any chemotherapeutics tested in this model. This data supports the current Phase 1 trial of RTA 744 in patients with brain tumors as well as future trials testing the combination of RTA 744 and temozolomide. [Table: see text]
ON THE COMPOSITION OF HOP WAX (1969)

Hop wax contains free alcohols, free acids, wax esters, hydrocarbons, β-sitosterol and traces of campesterol. The composition of the free alcohols, free acids and wax esters was investigated. Varietal identification of hops based on wax composition is not reliable.
Advanced Thermal Sensors for Broadband AC Voltage Metrology (2014)

We report on the development and application of a new generation of multijunction thermal converters (MJTCs). These devices, fabricated on fused silica substrates, show exceptional performance over...
The 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)7receptor (1994)

At this position of the ~-HT~A receptor an asparagine residue is present which is critical for the binding of pindolol to ~-HT~A receptors. Consistent with the lack of asparagine at position 371 is the lack of affinity of pindolol for the 5-HT7 receptor, thus further highlighting the dissimilarity between the two receptors. The 5-HT7 receptor sequence also possesses two potential N-linked glycosylation sites (residues 5 and 67) and a cysteine residue that may provide an acceptor for palmitolyation (residue 402). Phosphorylation may also occur by a calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (residues 48, 117, 412) or by a CAMPdependent protein kinase A (residue 270; the residue numbers refer to the guinea-pig 5-HT7 receptor sequence, see [111).
All-optical quantum thermometry based on spin-level cross-relaxation and multicenter entanglement under ambient conditions in SiC (2018)

All-optical thermometry technique based on the energy level cross-relaxation in atomic-scale spin centers in SiC is demonstrated. This technique exploits a giant thermal shift of the zero-field splitting for centers in the triplet ground state, S=1, undetected by photoluminescence (so called “dark” centers) coupling to neighbouring spin-3/2 centers which can be optically polarized and read out (“bright” centers), and does not require radiofrequency fields. EPR was used to identify defects. The width of the cross-relaxation line is almost an order of magnitude smaller than the width of the excited state level-anticrossing line, which was used in all-optical thermometry and which can not be significantly reduced since determined by the lifetime of the excited state. With approximately the same temperature shift and the same signal intensities as for excited state level-anticrossing, cross-relaxation signal makes it possible to increase the sensitivity of the temperature measurement by more than an order of magnitude. Temperature sensitivity is estimated to be approximately 10 mK/Hz1/2 within a volume about 1 μ3, allocated by focused laser excitation in a scanning confocal microscope. Using cross-relaxation in the ground states of “bright” spin-3/2 centers and “dark” S=1 centers for temperature sensing and ground state level anti-crossing of “bright” spin-3/2 centers an integrated magnetic field and temperature sensor with submicron space resolution can be implemented using the same spin system. The coupling of individually addressable “bright” spin-3/2 centers connected by a chain of “dark” S=1 spins, could be considered in quantum information processing and multicenter entanglement under ambient conditions.
3D-printed bioactive scaffolds from nanosilicates and PEOT/PBT for bone tissue engineering (2018)

Additive manufacturing (AM) has shown promise in designing 3D scaffold for regenerative medicine. However, many synthetic biomaterials used for AM are bioinert. Here, we report synthesis of bioactive nanocomposites from a poly(ethylene oxide terephthalate) (PEOT)/poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) (PEOT/PBT) copolymer and 2D nanosilicates for fabricating 3D scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. PEOT/PBT have been shown to support calcification and bone bonding ability <i>in vivo</i>, while 2D nanosilicates induce osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in absence of osteoinductive agents. The effect of nanosilicates addition to PEOT/PBT on structural, mechanical and biological properties is investigated. Specifically, the addition of nanosilicate to PEOT/PBT improves the stability of nanocomposites in physiological conditions, as nanosilicate suppressed the degradation rate of copolymer. However, no significant increase in the mechanical stiffness of scaffold due to the addition of nanosilicates is observed. The addition of nanosilicates to PEOT/PBT improves the bioactive properties of AM nanocomposites as demonstrated <i>in vitro.</i> hMSCs readily proliferated on the scaffolds containing nanosilicates and resulted in significant upregulation of osteo-related proteins and production of mineralized matrix. The synergistic ability of nanosilicates and PEOT/PBT can be utilized for designing bioactive scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.
A microwave eight-pole transmission line deflector for 100 keV electrons (1991)

We have studied an eight-pole transmission line deflector, with the aim of obtaining a large bandwidth deflector with higher deflection sensitivity than an electrostatic deflector. We show that each electrode can be designed as a transmission line with a characteristic impedance that is independent of the orientation of the deflection field. In a transmission line deflector, the deflection field travels along the optical axis at the speed of light, either in the same direction as the electrons (conventional field direction, CFD) or in the opposite direction (opposite field direction, OFD). We show that at high frequencies neither CFD nor OFD improves the deflection sensitivity, due to the magnetic field in a transverse electromagnetic (TEM) wave. Therefore, this deflector is not suitable for achieving the goal of increased sensitivity. However, the OFD achieves the same sensitivity as an electrostatic deflector using a shorter axial length. Finally, the deflection sensitivity of the transmission line deflector proves to be frequency dependent in the frequency range between 100 Hz and 200 kHz, which is illustrated in the experimental results presented.
Recent progress in the development of catalysts for steam reforming of biomass tar model reaction (2019)

This review describes recent advances in development of catalysts for steam reforming of biomass tar model reactions, using toluene, benzene and naphthalene as tar model compounds. Catalytic systems have been categorized based on their catalytic properties. The material properties such as oxygen mobility and basicity of catalysts showed great influence in their effectiveness in tar reforming. Changes in the properties such as oxygen mobility and basicity with various metal and/or support modifications and their influence on catalytic behavior with respect to reactant conversion and coke inhibition is comprehensively discussed. The activity of the catalysts derived from various synthesis methods is also introduced. The changes induced in the pathways of steam reforming reactions by catalyst modification is also highlighted together with changes in catalytic properties. Reaction pathways for steam reforming of toluene by experimental studies together with insights gained from computational DFT studies is also presented.
A Negative Feedback Repetitive Control Scheme for Harmonic Compensation (2006)

In this letter, a different feedback structure of the repetitive control that apparently is more appropriate for applications in power electronics is proposed. Moreover, a simple analog-circuit implementation is proposed which is suitable for high-frequency power electronics applications, where digital control is unpractical due to cost and performance of available DSPs and microcontrollers
Isolation, Culture, and Imaging of Human Fetal Pancreatic Cell Clusters (2014)

For almost 30 years, scientists have demonstrated that human fetal ICCs transplanted under the kidney capsule of nude mice matured into functioning endocrine cells, as evidenced by a significant increase in circulating human C-peptide following glucose stimulation1-9. However in vitro, genesis of insulin producing cells from human fetal ICCs is low10; results reminiscent of recent experiments performed with human embryonic stem cells (hESC), a renewable source of cells that hold great promise as a potential therapeutic treatment for type 1 diabetes. Like ICCs, transplantation of partially differentiated hESC generate glucose responsive, insulin producing cells, but in vitro genesis of insulin producing cells from hESC is much less robust11-17. A complete understanding of the factors that influence the growth and differentiation of endocrine precursor cells will likely require data generated from both ICCs and hESC. While a number of protocols exist to generate insulin producing cells from hESC in vitro11-22, far fewer exist for ICCs10,23,24. Part of that discrepancy likely comes from the difficulty of working with human fetal pancreas. Towards that end, we have continued to build upon existing methods to isolate fetal islets from human pancreases with gestational ages ranging from 12 to 23 weeks, grow the cells as a monolayer or in suspension, and image for cell proliferation, pancreatic markers and human hormones including glucagon and C-peptide. ICCs generated by the protocol described below result in C-peptide release after transplantation under the kidney capsule of nude mice that are similar to C-peptide levels obtained by transplantation of fresh tissue6. Although the examples presented here focus upon the pancreatic endoderm proliferation and β cell genesis, the protocol can be employed to study other aspects of pancreatic development, including exocrine, ductal, and other hormone producing cells.
Evaluation of electrochemical hydride generation for the determination of total antimony in natural waters by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry with in situ concentration (1996)

A continuous-flow (timed injection) electrochemical hydride generation system was developed for the determination of total Sb in river water and sea-water. Lead was used as cathode material for the production of stibine. Both SbIII and Sbv were equally converted into their hydrides by electrochemical means with 92 ± 4% efficiency. The hydride was trapped in a Pd-coated graphite furnace prior to atomization. An absolute detection limit of 45 pg (3sblank) and a concentration detection limit of 0.02 µg l–1 were obtained using 2 ml sample volumes. The precision of replicate measurements at the 0.2 µg l–1 level (0.5 ng absolute mass level) was better than 6% relative standard deviation. The accuracy of the approach was verified through the analysis of National Research Council of Canada certified reference materials SLRS-2 and SLRS-3 River Water and NASS-4 Open Ocean Sea-water
Analytical determination of gold ions based on ranelate induced nanoparticle formation (2022)

A ranelate ion, an old antiosteoporotic drug, readily reacts with gold(III) ions generating stable gold nanoparticles (AuNP@Ran). The reaction proceeds rapidly under green conditions and is specific for gold ions at room temperature. Their characteristic color associated with the plasmonic resonance effects allows its use in colorimetric/spectrophotometric analysis, as well as in spot test assays. In addition to the color changes, the gold nanoparticles exhibit surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), providing another interesting route for the analytical detection of gold ions. Because of the great simplicity, the ranelate method can be very convenient for monitoring gold ions, especially in metal extraction and hydrometallurgical processes.
The Impact of Branching Heuristics in Propositional Satisfiability Algorithms (1999)

. This paper studies the practical impact of the branching heuristics used in Propositional Satisability (SAT) algorithms, when applied to solving real-world instances of SAT. In addition, dierent SAT algorithms are experimentally evaluated. The main conclusion of this study is that even though branching heuristics are crucial for solving SAT, other aspects of the organization of SAT algorithms are also essential. Moreover, we provide empirical evidence that for practical instances of SAT, the search pruning techniques included in the most competitive SAT algorithms may be of more fundamental signicance than branching heuristics. Keywords: Propositional Satisability, Backtrack Search, Branching Heuristics. 1 Introduction Propositional Satisability (SAT) is a core problem in Articial Intelligence, as well as in many other areas of Computer Science and Engineering. Recent years have seen dramatic improvements in the real world performance of SAT algorithms. On one hand, local sear...
Laser technologies for manufacturing of advanced materials and devices (2000)

As demand is growing for devices capable of performing new and increased numbers of operations within an ever shrinking physical volume the laser has become an increasingly important tool helping to overcome the limitations of conventional microfabrication techniques. In addition to classical applications of lasers such as via hole drilling, trimming or pulsed laser deposition of thin films, there have been new developments of laser-based technologies for the fabrication of advanced micro- and nano-devices. Of particular interest for optoelectronic and photonic applications is the potential of the laser for the fabrication of integrated and monolithically integrated photonic devices and circuits.