gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Toward TW hard x-ray free-electron lasers (2018)

The number of x-ray free-electron lasers is increasing around the world to service a fast-growing user community. The unique properties, i.e., wavelengths well into the hard x-ray region, a few femtosecond optical pulse duration and high peak brilliance, enable novel experimental studies. However, for some of these experimental techniques to reached their full potential a higher number of photons per pulse, by two to three orders of magnitude beyond the state-of-the-art, is required, i.e., x-ray pulses with beyond TW peak power. We found that a possible route towards TW powers is extreme transverse compression of the electron beam in a strong FODO lattice in conjunction with a tapered undulator. We show that when the current density reaches extremely high levels, the characteristic growth length in the tapered undulator becomes shorter than the Rayleigh range and gives rise to optical guiding over the whole undulator length, leading to hard x-ray pulses with beyond TW peak power.
ChemInform Abstract: Meerwein‐Ponndorf‐Verley Reaction of α‐Keto Epoxides. A Stereocontrolled One‐Step Synthesis of Epoxy‐1,3‐diol Monoesters. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Evaluation of ferroelectric/ ferromagnetic composite by micro-composite designing (1989)

Abstract Composite of ferroelectric (PZT)/ferromagnetic (ferrite) material has been fabricated by fast sintering. The dielectric and magnetic properties can be considered by the logarithmic mixing low. As an application, a microwave absorber has been proposed. An absorbing condition of microwave is theoretically derived and designed with a central frequency of 470 MHz and a thickness of 11.5 mm.
A vaccine targeting the L9 epitope of the malaria circumsporozoite protein confers protection from blood-stage infection in a mouse challenge model (2022)

Pre-erythrocytic malaria vaccines that induce high-titer, durable antibody responses can potentially provide protection from infection. Here, we engineered a virus-like particle (VLP)-based vaccine targeting a recently described vulnerable epitope at the N-terminus of the central repeat region of the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein that is recognized by the potently inhibitory monoclonal antibody L9 and show that immunization with L9 VLPs induces strong antibody responses that provide protection from blood-stage malaria in a mouse infection model.
Maximizing two-photon absorption cross section within few essential state model (2010)

We compare the experimental absolute two-photon absorption (2PA) cross sections and spectra of various organic molecules with those obtained from the few (two or three) essential states model, assuming certain parameter values that are either previously calculated theoretically or measured. We study conditions under which the two- or three-level models are applicable for quantitative description of 2PA, and estimate the corresponding maximum realistic attainable peak 2PA cross sections and spectral widths. Based on our observations we formulate the steps required to increase the intensity and broaden the spectral coverage of instantaneous 2PA by optimizing intrinsic molecular parameters such as transition dipole moments, permanent dipole moments and excited states energies.
SCREENING OF SOMACLONAL VARIANTS IN VITRO TO PRODUCE INSECT RESISTANT PLANTS (1990)

Callus cultures of Torenia fournieri `Compacta Blue' were initiated on a modified Murashige and Skoog salt medium (MS) with 2.26 uM 2,4-dichloro-phenoxy acetic acid. Shoots were regenerated from these cultures using the MS medium amended with 2.46 uM 3-indolebutyric acid and 8.88 uM 6-benzylaminopurine. These shoots were subjected to Tetranychus urticae Koch (twospotted spidermite) and Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (greenhouse whitefly) in vitro. Pests were allowed to feed until such time that the pest population started to decrease due to lack of food. Remaining shoot tissue was placed on MS medium amended with 2.28 uM zeatin to -induce shoot formation. Shoots were acclimated to greenhouse conditions and evaluated for resistance to the pest to which they were subjected in vitro. Highly significant differences in pest numbers were found in somaclones when compared to control plants. A wide range of variability was observed within the somaclonal population.
A Strict Evaluation on the Number of Conditions for SHA-1 Collision Search (2009)

This paper proposes a new algorithm for evaluating the number of chaining variable conditions (CVCs) in the selecting step of a disturbance vector (DV) for the analysis of SHA-1 collision search. The algorithm is constructed by combining four strategies, that can evaluate the number of CVCs more strictly compared with the previous approach. By using our method, we found some DVs that have 57 (or 59) essential CVCs for 1st (or 2nd) block in the case if we assume that we can modify messages up to step 25, which we have not confirmed the practicability of the assumption.
cell-BOCS: Bio-Optofluidics Cell Sorter (2012)

Within the framework of the recent DTU spin-out activity OptoRobotix we are developing an active cell sorter [1] that utilizes parallel microscopic machine vision for cell identification. Particles are identified based on visual features such as shape, size and color using image processing. The sorter shares features from our previously developed BioPhotonics Workstation [2, 3]. Hence, it benefits from the extended axial manipulation range provided by the low numerical aperture geometry. Detected particles are catapulted axially by several hundred microns – all with full parallelism over a large field of view, allowing them to be displaed from one laminar flow region to another. As the sorting motion is transverse to the viewing plane, multiple particles can be catapulted at the same time, therefore enabling a fully parallel sorting process [4, 5]. The cell-BOCS is developed with small footprint such that it can operate as a table top device, a significant advantage over flow cytometry or FACS systems.
Use of Drug Discovery Tools in Rational Organometallic Catalyst Design (2007)

A computational procedure is detailed where techniques common in the drug discovery process-2D- and 3D-quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR)-are applied to rationalize the catalytic activity of a synthetically flexible, Ti-N=P ethylene polymerization catalyst system. Once models relating molecular properties to catalyst activity are built with the two QSAR approaches, two database mining approaches are used to select a small number of ligands from a larger database that are likely to produce catalysts with high activity when grafted onto the Ti-N=P framework. The software employed throughout this work is freely available, is easy to use, and was applied in a "black box" approach to highlight areas where the drug discovery tools, designed to address organic molecules, have difficulty in addressing issues arising from the presence of a metal atom. In general, 3D-QSAR offers an efficient way to screen new potential ligands and separate those likely to lead to poor catalysts from those that are likely to contribute to highly active catalysts. The results for 2D-QSAR appear to be quantitatively unreliable, likely due to the presence of a metal atom; nonetheless, there is evidence that qualitative predictions from different models may be reliable. Pitfalls in the database mining techniques are identified, none of which are insurmountable. The lessons learned about the potential uses and drawbacks of the techniques described herein are readily applicable to other catalyst frameworks, thereby enabling a rational approach to catalyst improvement and design.
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic studies of the CARD domain of human CARMA1 (2013)

The CARMA1 signalosome, which is composed of CARMA1 [caspase recruitment domain (CARD) containing MAGUK protein 1], BCL10 (B-cell lymphoma 10) and MALT1 (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation protein 1), is a molecular-signalling complex that performs pivotal functions in T-cell receptor (TCR) and B-cell receptor (BCR) mediated NF-κB activation. In this study, the CARD domain of human CARMA1 (CARMA1 CARD), corresponding to amino acids 14-109, was overexpressed in Escherichia coli using an engineered C-terminal His tag. CARMA1 CARD was then purified to homogeneity and crystallized at 293 K. Finally, X-ray diffraction data were collected to a resolution of 3.2 Å from a crystal belonging to space group P2(1)2(1)2(1) with unit-cell parameters a = 45.73, b = 53.37, c = 91.89 Å.
Nuclear magnetic resonance study of intramolecular electronic effects in diphenyl sulfides, sulfoxides, and sulfones (1969)

A nuclear magnetic resonance (n.m.r.) method has been applied to the study of variations in electron density in the aromatic rings of para-disubstituted diphenyl sulfides, sulfoxides and sulfones. The n.m.r. response of the aromatic ring protons has been determined as a function of the nature of the para substituents and particularly as a function of the nature of the bridging group between the rings. Certain diphenyl ethers and diphenyl methanes have been investigated for comparison purposes. The results establish that a transmission mechanism is operative through sulfur in diphenyl sulfides that is not effective when the bridging function is sulfoxide or sulfone. The extent to which transmission is operative even in the sulfides is dependent on the precise nature of the para substituents, in particular whether they are donors or acceptors and the manner in which they interact with the remainder of the molecule.
Prediction of Bridge Structural Performance under Temperature by Artificial Neural Network (2006)

Bridge deflection is the most intuitionistic parameter in the bridge monitoring system,which reflects the effect of vehicle load and environment around the bridge.While analyzing field measured deflection of a bridge,it is necessary to separate the integrate response of the deflection caused by different effects.The authors try to use artificial neural network method to simulate the nonlinear relations between temperature and deflection of bridges, and predict the deflection of bridge under certain distribution of temperature. The deflection can be separated from the whole response.
A New Null Matrix Electrochemical Cell for Rietveld Refinements of In-Situ or Operando Neutron Powder Diffraction Data (2013)

In-situ techniques proved to be exceptionally useful tools to understand electrode materials for Li-ion batteries but in-situ neutron diffraction (ND) during battery operation knew a slow development, due to the intrinsic difficulties it held. We have designed a new electrochemical cell, manufactured with a completely neutron-transparent (Ti,Zr) alloy. Such a cell is able to combine, for the first time, good electrochemical properties and the ability to collect neutron diffraction patterns operando, with good statistics and no other Bragg peaks than those of the electrode material of interest. This allows detailed structural determinations of electrode materials by Rietveld refinement during operation. First case studies hereby reported are the olivine LiFePO4 and the overstoichiometric spinel Li1.1Mn1.9O4, investigated at the D20 diffractometer of ILL (Grenoble), and compared to pure powder patterns obtained from the high-resolution D2B diffractometer. These studies demonstrate the feasibility and reliability of such experiments and open the field to a wide range of investigations on battery electrode materials.
Influence of Carbon Nanotubes on Pyrene Bioaccumulation from Contaminated Soils by Earthworms (2009)

Increasing production of and application potentials for carbon nanotubes (CNTs) suggest these materials will enter soil and sediment ecosystems in significant masses in upcoming years. This may result in ecological risks, either from the presence of the CNTs themselves or, given their exceptional sorption capacities, from their effects on the fate and accumulation of concurrently present hydrophobic organic chemicals (HOCs). Here we test the influence of additions of single-walled CNTs (SWNTs) and multi-walled CNTs (MWNTs) to two different pyrene-contaminated soils on uptake of this HOC by earthworms (Eisenia foetida). The effects of nanotube additions to the soils were observed to be CNT concentration dependent, with 0.3 mg nanotubes per gram of soil having no impact, while 3.0 mg/g of SWNTs or MWNTs substantially decreased pyrene bioaccumulation from both contaminated soils. The presence of CNTs also affected pyrene elimination rates. After a 14-day exposure to pyrene-spiked soils, earthworms showed enhanced elimination rates in soils amended with 3.0 mg CNT/g but not 0.3 mg CNT/g. These results suggest that the presence of SWNTs or MWNTs in terrestrial ecosystems will have concentration-dependent effects on decreasing HOC accumulation by earthworms in a manner similar to that expected of most "hard" carbons.
Characterization of MgAl2O4 Precursor Powders Prepared by Aqueous Route (1999)

MgAl 2 O 4 spinel precursors have been prepared by two different aqueous synthesis routes: spray drying and citrate complexing. The spinel precursors exhibit different morphology and crystallization behavior. 27 Al high‐resolution magic‐angle spinning (MAS), multiple quantum MAS, and 27 Al‐{ 1 H} rational echo double resonance (REDOR) nuclear magnetic resonance experiments, show that the spinel precursors have different aluminum local structures. 27 Al‐{ 1 H} REDOR experiments detect Al IV ‐ and Al V ‐bearing proton‐free domains, possibly stabilized by residual carbonates, characteristic of the complexed precursor.
Free-response methodology: alternate analysis and a new observer-performance experiment. (1990)

The authors review the recently introduced method for analyzing free-response receiver operating characteristic (FROC) observer-performance experiments. These experiments allow multiple abnormalities and observer responses per image and require correct localization for true-positive events. A fundamental plot, the alternative FROC (AFROC), is emphasized, the area under which is a natural index of performance for measuring FROC observer performance. The authors show that it is possible to analyze free-response data in more general ways. The first method, AFROC analysis, involves scoring FROC images in a different way. The second method involves a new observer-performance experiment, the free-response forced error (FFE) experiment. FROC and AFROC analysis was applied to several FROC data sets, and simultaneous FROC-AFROC-FFE experiments were performed with several radiologist observers to test the three methods. The methods were found to be in good agreement with one another.
Content of free terpenic compounds in cells and musts during vinification with three Saccharomyces cerevisiae races (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleContent of free terpenic compounds in cells and musts during vinification with three Saccharomyces cerevisiae racesLuis Zea, Juan Moreno, Jose M. Ortega, and Manuel MedinaCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1995, 43, 4, 1110–1114Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00052a046https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00052a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views134Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Redox Reaction of DNA-Encased HiPco Carbon Nanotubes with Hydrogen Peroxide:  A Near Infrared Optical Sensitivity and Kinetics Study (2007)

The near-infrared optical properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have attracted particular attention for nanobiosensors based on their redox chemistry. In this work, we studied the redox reaction of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA)-encased HiPco nanotubes with hydrogen peroxide. The absorption intensity of the near-infrared interband transitions of semiconducting nanotubes decays exponentially with reaction time. The rate constant increases linearly with the H2O2 concentration, consistent with pseudo first-order kinetics. The spectral changes are reversible by tuning the pH, and the sensitivity is enhanced at lower pH in the pH range of 6−8. The reaction rate depends on the buffer, which follows the order MES > Tris > phosphate > TE. The detection limit for H2O2 is determined by three different methods based on the concentration-dependent rate constant, spectral intensity change, and signal-to-noise ratio. Our current work provides new insights into the solution chemistry of the ssDNA−SWNT hybrids for optical biosensing.
Tubular Acidification Defect in Adults with Sickle Cell Disease (2019)

This article contains a podcast at https://www.asn-online.org/media/podcast/CJASN/2019_12_10_CJN07830719.mp3.
Pharmacokinetic Evaluations of Oral and Intravenous Carbamazepine using a Model-Based Approach (P4.257) (2015)

OBJECTIVE: Assess the bioequivalence of oral to intravenous (IV) carbamazepine (CBZ) infused at 75[percnt] and 80[percnt] of the oral total daily dose (TDD) every 6 hours (q6h) using a pharmacokinetic (PK) model. BACKGROUND: Patients may be unable to take oral CBZ due to illness or surgery. Results from a clinical study showed IV CBZ infused at 70[percnt] of TDD q6h was bioequivalent to oral CBZ. DESIGN/METHODS: CBZ plasma concentration profiles and PK parameters were simulated for oral and IV CBZ infused for 15- or 30-minutes q6h at 75[percnt] or 80[percnt] of the oral TDD. Minimum, maximum, and average plasma concentrations (Cmin, Cmax, and Cavg, respectively), area under the time-concentration curve from 0-24 hours (AUC0-24), and partial 2 hour AUCs were determined. Bioequivalence between oral and IV CBZ was declared if the 90[percnt] confidence intervals (CIs) of the ratio of geometric LSMs for the PK parameters were between 80-125[percnt]. RESULTS: Simulated and observed values of IV CBZ infused over 15 minutes q6h at 70[percnt] of the oral TDD were similar and validated the model. Predicted steady-state estimates of Cmin and Cavg were within the 90[percnt] CIs for the 15 minute infusion rate; predicted Cmax was above the upper CI limit for both dose conversions. For 15-minute IV CBZ infusions, most predicted steady-state estimates of Cmin and Cavg were within and predicted Cmax values above the CI limit at 75[percnt] and 80[percnt] of the oral TDD. Partial AUC predictions for IV CBZ 15-minute infusions appeared to be better than the 30-minute infusions. CONCLUSIONS: PK simulations showed that the IV CBZ 15-minute infusion rate q6h at 75[percnt] and 80[percnt] of the oral TDD were bioequivalent to oral CBZ for Cmin, Cavg, and AUC0-24. IV CBZ infused over 15 minutes q6h appeared to better meet the 90[percnt] CI criteria for bioequivalence. Support: Lundbeck LLC
Interstitial Nd:YAG laser coagulation using simultaneous multiple fiber application with an optical beamsplitter: the importance of mutual fiber distance (1997)

In this study, the optimal combination of laser power and mutual fiber distance was assessed in order to take full advantage of simultaneous multiple fiber application in interstitial laser coagulation. For cylindrical diffusing fibers ((Theta) equals 600 micrometer, 2 cm diffusing length) were positioned in porcine liver tissue at a mutual distance of 1 - 4 cm. Nd:YAG laser light (lambda equals 1064 nm) of 4 - 7 W was guided through each fiber. By varying exposure time for the different power levels, energy applied was constant at 1800 J. The output of the four channels was measured with an output meter at various laser power levels with variation never exceeding 5%. After laser application the livers were sectioned and the zone of coagulation was measured in three directions; fusion between the coagulation zones surrounding the fibers was noted. Spherical lesions up to 5 cm (Theta) could be produced at the optimal settings of 7 W with a distance between the fibers of 2 cm. Mutual distances less than 2 cm resulted in smaller lesions with central carbonization and at larger distances no fusion between the four coagulative zones occurred.
A Replicative Plasmid Vector Allows Efficient Complementation of Pathogenic Leptospira Strains (2015)

Leptospirosis, an emerging zoonotic disease, remains poorly understood because of a lack of genetic manipulation tools available for pathogenic leptospires. Current genetic manipulation techniques include insertion of DNA by random transposon mutagenesis and homologous recombination via suicide vectors. This study describes the construction of a shuttle vector, pMaORI, that replicates within saprophytic, intermediate, and pathogenic leptospires. The shuttle vector was constructed by the insertion of a 2.9-kb DNA segment including the parA, parB, and rep genes into pMAT, a plasmid that cannot replicate in Leptospira spp. and contains a backbone consisting of an aadA cassette, ori R6K, and oriT RK2/RP4. The inserted DNA segment was isolated from a 52-kb region within Leptospira mayottensis strain 200901116 that is not found in the closely related strain L. mayottensis 200901122. Because of the size of this region and the presence of bacteriophage-like proteins, it is possible that this region is a result of a phage-related genomic island. The stability of the pMaORI plasmid within pathogenic strains was tested by passaging cultures 10 times without selection and confirming the presence of pMaORI. Concordantly, we report the use of trans complementation in the pathogen Leptospira interrogans. Transformation of a pMaORI vector carrying a functional copy of the perR gene in a null mutant background restores the expression of PerR and susceptibility to hydrogen peroxide comparable to that of wild-type cells. In conclusion, we demonstrate the replication of a stable plasmid vector in a large panel of Leptospira strains, including pathogens. The shuttle vector described will expand our ability to perform genetic manipulation of Leptospira spp.
Observation of Gas Bubble Incorporation during Micropulling-Down Growth of Sapphire (2012)

Quite often sapphire shaped crystals contain specific defects called bubbles of average diameter higher than 100 μm or microbubbles of diameter smaller than 10 μm. These defects strongly affect the crystal properties. Bubbles of 100 μm in diameter have been observed in the molten zone during micropulling-down of sapphire fibers. Before their incorporation inside the crystal, they show a periodic oscillation and consequently deform the crystallization interface. These observations are discussed with reference to the available literature.