gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multi-Tier Buffer Management and Storage System Design for Non-Volatile Memory (2019)

The design of the buffer manager in database management systems (DBMSs) is influenced by the performance characteristics of volatile memory (DRAM) and non-volatile storage (e.g., SSD). The key design assumptions have been that the data must be migrated to DRAM for the DBMS to operate on it and that storage is orders of magnitude slower than DRAM. But the arrival of new non-volatile memory (NVM) technologies that are nearly as fast as DRAM invalidates these previous assumptions. This paper presents techniques for managing and designing a multi-tier storage hierarchy comprising of DRAM, NVM, and SSD. Our main technical contributions are a multi-tier buffer manager and a storage system designer that leverage the characteristics of NVM. We propose a set of optimizations for maximizing the utility of data migration between different devices in the storage hierarchy. We demonstrate that these optimizations have to be tailored based on device and workload characteristics. Given this, we present a technique for adapting these optimizations to achieve a near-optimal buffer management policy for an arbitrary workload and storage hierarchy without requiring any manual tuning. We finally present a recommendation system for designing a multi-tier storage hierarchy for a target workload and system cost budget. Our results show that the NVM-aware buffer manager and storage system designer improve throughput and reduce system cost across different transaction and analytical processing workloads.
Ionic liquids based on N-vinyl-γ-butyrolactam: potential liquid electrolytes and green solvents (2002)

The first examples of room temperature ionic liquids, containing N-alkyl-N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinonium (N-alkyl-N-vinyl-gamma-butyrolactam) cations in combination with bromide and tetrafluoroborate anions, have been synthesized and the spectroscopic and physical characteristics of this family of ionic liquids have been investigated for intended use as liquid electrolytes and green solvents.
Detecting regional changes in myocardial contraction patterns using MRI (2004)

Measuring changes in cardiac motion patterns can assist in diagnosing the onset of arrhythmia and ischaemia and in the follow-up of treatment. This work presents a methodology for measuring such motion changes from MR images. Non-rigid registration is used to track cardiac motion in a sequence of 3D tagged MR images. We use a cylindrical coordinate system to subdivide the myocardium into smaller anatomically meaningful regions and to express motion derived measurements such as displacement and strain for each myocardial region during the cardiac cycle. In the first experiment we have evaluated the proposed methods using synthetic image sequences where the ground truth was available. These images were generated using a cardiac motion simulator for tagged MRI. Normal and abnormal motion fields were produced by modifying parameters in a small region of the myocardium. In the second experiment we have acquired two separate tagged MR image sequences from five healthy volunteers. Both acquisitions have been carried out without moving the volunteer inside the scanner, thus avoiding potential misregistration errors due to subject motion between scans. In addition, one of volunteers was subjected to stress during one of the scans. In the final experiment we acquired tagged MR images from a patient with super-ventricular tachyarrhythmia, before and after radio frequency ablation. The image acquisition and catheter intervention were performed with a combined X-ray and MRI system. Detection results were correct on synthetic data and no region was incorrectly classified as having significant changes in the repetition studies. Significant changes in motion pattern were measured in the stress and ablation studies. Furthermore, results seem to corroborate that the ablation regularised cardiac contraction.
Le retournement temporel en milieu réverbérant pour localiser une source supersonique (2016)

International audience
Uptake of antisense oligonucleotides and functional block of acetylcholine receptor subunit gene expression in primary embryonic neurons (1993)

Several recent studies have used antisense oligonucleotides in the nervous system to probe the functional role of particular gene products. Since antisense oligonucleotide-mediated block of gene expression typically involves uptake of the oligonucleotides, we have characterized the mechanism of this uptake into developing neurons from embryonic chickens. Antisense oligonucleotides (15 mers) added to the bathing media are taken up into the embryonic chicken sympathetic neurons maintained in vitro. A portion of the oligonucleotide uptake is temperature dependent and saturates at extracellular oligonucleotide concentrations > or = 20 microM. This temperature sensitive, saturable component is effectively completed by single nucleotides of ATP and AMP and is reminiscent of receptor-mediated endocytosis of oligonucleotides described in non-neuronal cells. The efficiency of the oligonucleotide uptake system is dependent on the developmental stage of the animal but independent of the number of days that the neurons are maintained in vitro. Following the uptake of antisense oligonucleotides directed against ion channel subunit genes expressed by these neurons (nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha 3; nAChR alpha 3), biophysical assays reveal that the functional expression of the target gene is largely blocked. Thus the number of wild type nAChR channels expressed is decreased by approximately 80%-90%. Furthermore, following antisense deletion of alpha 3, "mutant" nAChRs with distinct functional characteristics are expressed. In sum, these studies characterize the uptake of antisense oligonucleotide and demonstrate the functional block of specific gene expression in primary developing neurons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Spectral domain OCT using achromatic phase shifter (2019)

An efficient technique for constructing the achromatic phase shift in the reference arm of spectral-domain OCT is presented. The technique is based on a wavelength-dependent optical delay line using a diffractive grating as a dispersive element. The high value of mirror artifact decreasing is demonstrated in common OCT setup.
Synaptic Mitochondria Are More Susceptible to Ca2+Overload than Nonsynaptic Mitochondria (2006)

Mitochondria in nerve terminals are subjected to extensive Ca2+ fluxes and high energy demands, but the extent to which the synaptic mitochondria buffer Ca2+ is unclear. In this study, we identified a difference in the Ca2+ clearance ability of nonsynaptic versus synaptic mitochondrial populations enriched from rat cerebral cortex. Mitochondria were isolated using Percoll discontinuous gradients in combination with high pressure nitrogen cell disruption. Mitochondria in the nonsynaptic fraction originate from neurons and other cell types including glia, whereas mitochondria enriched from a synaptosomal fraction are predominantly neuronal and presynaptic in origin. There were no differences in respiration or initial Ca2+ loads between nonsynaptic and synaptic mitochondrial populations. Following both bolus and infusion Ca2+ addition, nonsynaptic mitochondria were able to accumulate significantly more exogenously added Ca2+ than the synaptic mitochondria before undergoing mitochondrial permeability transition, observed as a loss in mitochondrial membrane potential and decreased Ca2+ uptake. The limited ability of synaptic mitochondria to accumulate Ca2+ could result from several factors including a primary function of ATP production to support the high energy demand of presynaptic terminals, their relative isolation in comparison with the threads or clusters of mitochondria found in the soma of neurons and glia, or the older age and increased exposure to oxidative damage of synaptic versus nonsynaptic mitochondria. By more readily undergoing permeability transition, synaptic mitochondria may initiate neuron death in response to insults that elevate synaptic levels of intracellular Ca2+, consistent with the early degeneration of distal axon segments in neurodegenerative disorders.
Space shift keying modulation for MIMO channels (2009)

In this paper, we present space shift keying (SSK) as a new modulation scheme, which is based on spatial modulation (SM) concepts. Fading is exploited for multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) channels to provide better performance over conventional amplitude/phase modulation (APM) techniques. In SSK, it is the antenna index used during transmission that relays information, rather than the transmitted symbols themselves. This absence of symbol information eliminates the transceiver elements necessary for APM transmission and detection (such as coherent detectors). As well, the simplicity involved in modulation reduces the detection complexity compared to that of SM, while achieving almost identical performance gains. Throughout the paper, we illustrate SSK's strength by studying its interaction with the fading channel. We obtain tight upper bounds on bit error probability, and discuss SSK's performance under some non-ideal channel conditions (estimation error and spatial correlation). Analytical and simulation results show performance gains over APM systems (3 dB at a bit error rate of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-5</sup> ), making SSK an interesting candidate for future wireless applications. We then extend SSK concepts to incorporate channel coding, where in particular, we consider a bit interleaved coded modulation (BICM) system using iterative decoding for both convolutional and turbo codes. Capacity results are derived, and improvements over APM are illustrated (up to 1 bits/s/Hz), with performance gains of up to 5 dB.
Use of promoters to enhance hydrodenitrogenation and hydrodeoxygenation catalysis (1989)

As the supply of cheap petroleum products diminishes, we will be increasingly dependent upon alternate feedstocks such as coal. Coal, and liquids produced from coal, are highly aromatic and contain much higher levels of heteroatoms such as nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen than do petroleum based materials. These heteroatoms must be removed before the liquids can be upgraded into useful products. However, the current catalytic processes used to remove nitrogen and oxygen consume excessive amounts of hydrogen due to concurrent hydrogenation of aromatics. Most catalysts have been optimized for petroleum products and little work has been undertaken for the catalytic upgrading of coal based liquids. Catalysts that could economically promote cleavage of the heteroatom bonds while minimizing the hydrogenation reactions would greatly aid in making synthetic fuels a more attractive energy source. We have modeled C-N bond cleavage by examining homogeneous catalysis of the amine transalkylation reaction. The best catalysts for this reaction are ruthenium and osmium, while the metals used in conventional hydrotreating catalysis, nickel, cobalt, and molybdenum, are essentially inactive. From a study of bulk metal HDN studies we have found that ruthenium is one of the most reactive metals for C-N bond cleavage, although susceptible to sulfur poisoningmore » However, by using this metal as a promoter with common hydrotreating catalysts such as NiMo, CoMo, and NiW, we have been able to prepare sulfur tolerant catalysts that exhibit high HDN activity, while at the same time undergoing minimal hydrogenation reactions. In this work we have compared several of these promoted catalysts for HDN and HDO reactivities as a function of composition, method of formation, and support.« less
Thorough Analysis of Log Data with Dependency Rules: Practical Solutions and Theoretical Challenges (2012)

In this paper, we present our vision how statistical dependency rule mining could be applied to a thorough analysis of log data. Dependency rules are especially attractive as a first step mining method due to their efficient algorithms and globally optimal results. The major drawback is a rather specific form of the dependencies, which requires binary data. It is not always clear how heterogeneous real world data should be binarized and how the tools should be used so that all interesting dependencies would be caught. We give an overview of typical problems when analyzing log data. The three major problems are: 1) How to balance between groups and individuals such that both general regularities and individual peculiarities can be found? 2) How to handle numerical and periodic variables? 3) How to extract features from the intrinsic dimensions of log data? For each problem, we give practical solutions in the form of preprocessing techniques and constraints which can be used with the existing tools. We also point out important research problems and algorithmic challenges, which would require further research.
Taxonomic and predicted metabolic profiles of the human gut microbiome in pre-Columbian mummies (2016)

Characterization of naturally mummified human gut remains could potentially provide insights into the preservation and evolution of commensal and pathogenic microorganisms, and metabolic profiles. We characterized the gut microbiome of two pre-Columbian Andean mummies dating to the 10-15th centuries using 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing and metagenomics, and compared them to a previously characterized gut microbiome of an 11th century AD pre-Columbian Andean mummy. Our previous study showed that the Clostridiales represented the majority of the bacterial communities in the mummified gut remains, but that other microbial communities were also preserved during the process of natural mummification, as shown with the metagenomics analyses. The gut microbiome of the other two mummies were mainly comprised by Clostridiales or Bacillales, as demonstrated with 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, many of which are facultative anaerobes, possibly consistent with the process of natural mummification requiring low oxygen levels. Metagenome analyses showed the presence of other microbial groups that were positively or negatively correlated with specific metabolic profiles. The presence of sequences similar to both Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania donovani could suggest that these pathogens were prevalent in pre-Columbian individuals. Taxonomic and functional profiling of mummified human gut remains will aid in the understanding of the microbial ecology of the process of natural mummification.
Coronary-coronary bypass with patency validated by 64-slice multidetector computed tomography. (2012)

A 43-year-old woman with a history of ischemic heart disease presented for surgical revascularization of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). Both the length of the stenosis and its intramyocardial location precluded percutaneous intervention. The mid LAD was embedded deep in the myocardium and was stenosed throughout its intramyocardial course (Fig. 1). During surgery, the left internal mammary artery (LIMA) was dissected in a standard manner, but the unfavorable position of the heart in the chest cavity prevented the pedicled LIMA from reaching the target LAD. Even skeletonization of the LIMA and division of the pleura failed to provide adequate length for an in situ graft. The LIMA was then used as a free graft, with proximal anastomosis to the ascending aorta. This maneuver still produced insufficient length for safe construction of a distal anastomosis. The only remaining option was to create an LAD-to-LAD bypass with a free LIMA graft. Nine months after the operation, a follow-up 64-slice multidetector computed tomogram showed a patent graft (Fig. 2).



Fig. 1 Preoperative coronary angiogram (left anterior oblique view) shows tight stenosis (arrow) of the left anterior descending coronary artery in its intramyocardial segment.





Fig. 2 Computed tomographic angiogram 9 months after the operation shows native stenosed left anterior descending coronary artery (black arrow) and a patent left internal mammary artery graft (white arrow). The proximal and distal anastomoses of the coronary–coronary ...
Potential Role of Stress and Sensitization in the Development and Expression of Multiple Chemical Sensitivity (1997)

Barbara A. Sorg, Balakrishna M. Prasad, Potential Role of Stress and Sensitization in the Development and Expression of Multiple Chemical Sensitivity, Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 105, Supplement 2: Chemical Sensitivity (Mar., 1997), pp. 467-471
Superpendentic Index:  A Novel Topological Descriptor for Predicting Biological Activity (1999)

A simple highly degenerating, pendenticity based, topological descriptor termed as superpendentic index has been conceptualized and its discriminating power investigated with regard to antiulcer activity. A data set consisting of 128 analogues of 4-substituted-2-guanidino thiazoles was selected for the present study. These analogues are reversible, competitive, and selective inhibitors of gastric H+,K(+)-ATPase enzyme. The value of superpendentic index of each analogue in the data set was computed and active range was identified. The biological activity assigned to each analogue using superpendentic index was subsequently compared with the reported in vitro and in vivo inhibitory activities. The accuracy of classification of analogues based on in vivo activity was found to be 82% in the active range using superpendentic index.
SVG rendering of real images using data dependent triangulation (2004)

This paper presents a novel technique to convert raster images in a Scalable Vector Graphic (SVG) format using Data Dependent Triangulation (DDT). The triangulation, a classical 3D graphic rendering approach, is here applied to digital images acquired by imaging consumer devices. Good quality rendering of real images has been obtained making use of some ad-hoc heuristics able to properly manage advanced SVG features (e.g. path, gradient, filter effects). Experiments and comparisons with existing techniques confirm the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.
Practical guide to exocrine pancreatic insufficiency – Breaking the myths (2017)

Many diagnostic tests are available to diagnose EPI, however, the criteria of choice remain unclear and the causes for a false-positive test are not yet understood. Despite multiple studies on the treatment of EPI using exogenous pancreatic enzymes, there remains confusion amongst medical practitioners with regard to the best approach to diagnose EPI, as well as dosing and administration of pancreatic enzymes. Appropriate use of diagnostics and treatment approaches using pancreatic enzymes in EPI is essential for patients. This opinion piece aims to address the existing myths, remove the current confusion, and function as a practical guide to the diagnosis and treatment of EPI.
Asymmetry aberrations and tolerancing of complete systems of electron lenses and deflectors* (1990)

The computation of asymmetry aberrations in electron-beam focusing and deflection system is discussed. The aberrations caused by the asymmetry errors (misalignment, tilt, and ellipticity) in magnetic and electrostatic defectors are especially emphasized. First, the method for evaluating the perturbations of electrostatic and magnetic fields due to the asymmetry errors are described; then the formulas for computing the asymmetry aberration coefficients are derived. A set of computer programs based on this paper and also our previous work [X. Zhu and H. Liu, in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Electron Optics, Beijing, 1986 (Institute of Electronics, Academia Sinica, Beijing, 1987), p. 309; E. Munro, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 6, 941 (1988); and H. Liu and X. Zhu, Optik 84, 123 (1990)] has been developed, which can handle the tolerancing of complete columns containing any combination of electrostatic and magnetic lenses and deflectors, such as are required for electron-beam lithography and inspection systems.
Legionella pneumophila htpAB heat shock operon: nucleotide sequence and expression of the 60-kilodalton antigen in L. pneumophila-infected HeLa cells (1990)

A 60-kilodalton (kDa) immunodominant antigen of Legionella pneumophila is a heat shock protein (HSP) of the GroEL class of HSPs. The gene (htpB) coding the 60-kDa protein was localized to a 3.2-kilobase DNA fragment of L. pneumophila cloned into pUC19 (pSH16) (P. S. Hoffman, C. A. Butler, and F. D. Quinn, Infect. Immun. 57:1731-1739, 1989). The nucleotide sequence of the DNA fragment cloned into M13 confirmed two open reading frames, htpA and htpB, that code for proteins of 96 and 548 amino acids, respectively. A consensus heat shock promoter sequence upstream of the start of htpA was identified, and no obvious promoter sequences were detected upstream of htpB. Amino acid sequence comparison studies revealed that the L. pneumophila HtpB protein exhibited 76% homology with the 65-kDa protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and 85% homology with both GroEL of Escherichia coli and HtpB of Coxiella burnetii. A comparison of the amino acid sequences among these proteins revealed several regions of nearly absolute sequence conservation, with the variable regions occurring in common areas. The purified L. pneumophila 60-kDa protein was antigenic for human T lymphocytes. Indirect fluorescent antibody studies indicated that the 60-kDa protein may be located in the periplasm or expressed on the surface by intracellular bacteria, suggesting that a stress-related mechanism may be involved in the expression of this immunodominant antigen.
The role of TNFα and TNF receptors in obesity and insulin resistance (1999)

Insulin resistance, a smaller than expected response to a given dose of insulin, is associated with many common diseases including, ageing, polycystic ovarian disease, syndrome X, cancer, infections, trauma and, most significantly, obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The biochemical basis of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes has been the subject of many studies. Earlier studies have indicated that quantitative regulation of the insulin sensitive glucose transporters (Glut-4) and insulin receptors themselves may contribute to this disorder, however, these two factors are probably inadequate to explain the extent of insulin resistance. This point also became apparent by the development of only mild hyperinsulinaemia in mice with a targeted mutation in the Glut-4 gene. Studies on postreceptor defects in type 2 diabetes has recently focused on the intrinsic catalytic activity of the insulin receptor and downstream signalling events. A reduction in tyrosine phosphorylation of both the insulin receptor (IR) and the insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) has been noted in both animal and human type 2 diabetes. Importantly, this appears to occur in all of the major insulin-sensitive tissues, namely the muscle, fat and liver. It is now clear that decreased signalling capacity of the insulin receptor is an important component of this disease. I will review some of the potential mechanisms underlying this deficiency.