gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Behavior of Watermelon Cultivars after Inoculation with Watermelon mosaic virus in Saudi Arabia (2018)

All seven watermelon cultivars that were screened for their reactions to a severe Saudi Arabian isolate of Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV-SA) that was found inducing a severe disease in watermelon in Riyadh region, were found to be susceptible and showed different virus-like symptoms upon mechanical inoculation. Sugar Baby, Crimson Sweet 1 and Crimson Sweet 2 cultivars showed milder symptoms and, therefore, got lower grand mean of weekly symptom ratings than Charleston Gray No. 502, Jubilee, Black Diamond and Charleston Gray No. 133 in both first and second experiments. Artificial inoculation with this isolate significantly reduced the plant height, fresh and dry weights of the tested cultivars. The reduction percentages in plant height of Sugar Baby and Crimson Sweet 2 were significantly lower than those of Crimson Sweet 1, Charleston Gray No. 502 and Charleston Gray No. 133 in both experiments. Also the reduction in percentages of fresh weights of Sugar Baby, Crimson Sweet 2 and Jubilee were significantly lower than reduction percentages of Crimson Sweet 1, Black Diamond and Charleston Gray No. 133. The dry weight reduction percentages of Jubilee, Sugar Baby and Crimson Sweet 2 were lower than those of Charleston Gray No. 502, Charleston Gray No. 133, Black Diamond and Crimson Sweet 1 in both experiments. No correlation existed between the virus titer in the infected cultivars and their performances. In general, Sugar Baby and Crimson Sweet 2 performed better than the other cultivars as they had the lowest symptom severity ratings, the lowest percentages of plant height, fresh and dry weight reductions compared to the other tested cultivars.
The real and perceived risks of genetically modified organisms (2006)

The debate about the potential risks of genetically modified organisms has lasted for almost three decades without any final conclusion in sight. Why is it that the public remains critical of this technology even though science has so far not demonstrated any tangible risks to human health and the environment?
ICON: Interactive Conversational Memory Network for Multimodal Emotion Detection (2018)

Emotion recognition in conversations is crucial for building empathetic machines. Current work in this domain do not explicitly consider the inter-personal influences that thrive in the emotional dynamics of dialogues. To this end, we propose Interactive COnversational memory Network (ICON), a multimodal emotion detection framework that extracts multimodal features from conversational videos and hierarchically models the selfand interspeaker emotional influences into global memories. Such memories generate contextual summaries which aid in predicting the emotional orientation of utterance-videos. Our model outperforms state-of-the-art networks on multiple classification and regression tasks in two benchmark datasets.
Proteolytic activity of the ruminal bacterium Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens (1986)

The proteolytic activity of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, a ubiquitously distributed bacterial species in the gastrointestinal tracts of ruminants and other mammals, was characterized. The relative proteolytic activity (micrograms of azocasein degraded per hour per milligram of protein) varied greatly with the strain: 0 to 1 for strains D1, D16f, E21C, and X6C61; 7 to 15 for strains IL631, NOR37, S2, LM8/1B, and X10C34; and 90 to 590 for strains 12, 49 H17C, CF4c, CF3, CF1B, and R28. The activity levels of the last group of strains were equal to or greater than those found with Bacteroides amylophilus or Bacteroides ruminicola. With the exception of strain R28 activity, 90% or more of the proteolytic activity was associated with the culture fluid and not the cells. Strain 49 produced proteolytic activity constitutively, but the level of activity (units per milligram of protein) was modulated by growth parameters. With various carbohydrates added to the growth medium, the proteolytic activities of strain 49 were positively correlated with the growth rate. However, when the growth rate varied with the use of different nitrogen sources, a similar correlation was not found. The highest activity level was observed with Casamino Acids (1 g/liter), but this level was reduced by ca. 70% with Trypticase (BBL Microbiology Systems, Cockeysville, Md.) or casein (1 g/liter) and by 85% with ammonium chloride (10 mM) as the sole nitrogen source. The addition of ammonium chloride (1 to 10 mM) to media with low levels of Casamino Acids or Trypticase resulted in lower proteolytic activities but not as low as seen when the complex nitrogen sources were increased to high levels (20 g/liter).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Cloning of the cDNA encoding the urotensin II precursor in frog and human reveals intense expression of the urotensin II gene in motoneurons of the spinal cord (1998)

Urotensin II (UII) is a cyclic peptide initially isolated from the caudal neurosecretory system of teleost fish. Subsequently, UII has been characterized from a frog brain extract, indicating that a gene encoding a UII precursor is also present in the genome of a tetrapod. Here, we report the characterization of the cDNAs encoding frog and human UII precursors and the localization of the corresponding mRNAs. In both frog and human, the UII sequence is located at the C-terminal position of the precursor. Human UII is composed of only 11 amino acid residues, while fish and frog UII possess 12 and 13 amino acid residues, respectively. The cyclic region of UII, which is responsible for the biological activity of the peptide, has been fully conserved from fish to human. Northern blot and dot blot analysis revealed that UII precursor mRNAs are found predominantly in the frog and human spinal cord. In situ hybridization studies showed that the UII precursor gene is actively expressed in motoneurons. The present study demonstrates that UII, which has long been regarded as a peptide exclusively produced by the urophysis of teleost fish, is actually present in the brain of amphibians and mammals. The fact that evolutionary pressure has acted to conserve fully the biologically active sequence of UII suggests that the peptide may exert important physiological functions in humans.
The identification of monoclonality in human aberrant crypt foci. (1999)

Malignant neoplasms, including colon cancers, are thought to arise from a single initiated progenitor cell. Aberrant crypt foci (ACF) are putative precursors of at least some colon cancers. The pattern of X chromosomal inactivation, which is identified by the differential methylation of a site near a polymorphic CAG repeat in the androgen receptor gene, was used to determine the clonality status of 11 ACF from eight female patients. Ten of 11 ACF were found to be monoclonal aberrations. The eleventh ACF appeared monoclonal, but nonrandom inactivation of the X chromosome was also seen in normal crypts from this patient. These results clearly demonstrate that: (a) a high percentage of ACF lesions are neoplastic rather than hyperplastic; and (b) ACF are the earliest identified neoplastic lesions in the colon.
Scalable service deployment on software-defined networks (2011)

It is widely accepted that the network of the future will require a greater degree of service awareness and optimal use of network resources. This article presents an architectural design for an open software-defined network infrastructure that enables the composition of fast and guaranteed services in an efficient manner and the execution of these services in an adaptive way, taking into account better shared network resources provided by network virtualization. Validation results are provided with special emphasis on service deployment scalability over virtualized network infrastructures.
Is object localization for free? - Weakly-supervised learning with convolutional neural networks (2015)

Successful methods for visual object recognition typically rely on training datasets containing lots of richly annotated images. Detailed image annotation, e.g. by object bounding boxes, however, is both expensive and often subjective. We describe a weakly supervised convolutional neural network (CNN) for object classification that relies only on image-level labels, yet can learn from cluttered scenes containing multiple objects. We quantify its object classification and object location prediction performance on the Pascal VOC 2012 (20 object classes) and the much larger Microsoft COCO (80 object classes) datasets. We find that the network (i) outputs accurate image-level labels, (ii) predicts approximate locations (but not extents) of objects, and (iii) performs comparably to its fully-supervised counterparts using object bounding box annotation for training.
New security notions and relations for public-key encryption (2012)

Abstract. Since their introduction, the notions of indistinguishability and non-malleability have been changed and extended by different authors to support different goals. In this paper, we propose new flavors of these notions, investigate their relative strengths with respect to previous notions, and provide the full picture of relationships (i.e., implications and separations) among the security notions for public-key encryption schemes. We take into account the two general security goals of indistinguishability and non-malleability, each in the message space, key space, and hybrid message-key space to find six specific goals, a couple of them, namely complete indistinguishability and key non-malleability , are new. Then for each pair of goals, coming from the indistinguishability or non-malleability classes, we prove either an implication or a separation, completing the full picture of relationships among all these security notions. The implications and separations are respectively supported by formal proofs (i.e., reductions) in the concrete-security framework and by counterexamples.
Sleep and hibernation in ground squirrels (Citellus spp): electrophysiological observations (1977)

Electroencephalogram (EEG), electrooculogram, electromyogram, and electrocardiogram were recorded from ground squirrels (Citellus beldingi and C. lateralis) during the summer and also during the hibernation season. Summer recordings revealed that the animals spent an average of 66% of the 24-h period asleep (49% of the 12-h light period and 84% of the 12-h dark period); 19% of the total sleep time (TST) consisted of rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep, and 81% of TST consisted of slow-wave sleep (SWS). Recordings obtained during the hibernation season showed that hibernation was entered through sleep, but the distribution of sleep states was different than in euthermic sleep. During the early entrance when brain temperature (Tbr) was between 35 and 25 degrees C, the animals were asleep 88% of the time, but only 10% of the TST was spent in REM sleep. The EEG amplitude declined with decreased Tbr so that classical sleep stages could not be identified below a Tbr of 25 degrees C. The frequency of the EEG increased as Tbr decreased; but activity in the 0-4 cycles/s band occupied the majority of the record even at a Tbr of 10 degrees C. Below a Tbr of 10 degrees C the EEG was isoelectric except for intermittent bursts of spindles. It was concluded from these and other results that the entrance into hibernation represents an extension of the thermoregulatory adjustments that occur during SWS.
Experimental Evaluation of the Effect on AC Loss of a Polygonal Arrangement in YBCO Assembled Conductors (2010)

The AC transport current loss in a YBCO polygonal arranged assembled conductor depends on its arrangement. The azimuthal magnetic field produced by the currents in neighboring tapes affects the current distribution in each tape, and it is anticipated that the AC loss reduction effect is greatest with a round form. To clarify the AC loss characteristics in a polygonal arranged YBCO assembled conductor, we investigated the influence of tape distances and the angle number in the polygon. To evaluate distance, we measured the AC losses in a YBCO hexagonally assembled conductor which was arranged with distances ranging from 0.2 mm-4.0 mm. To evaluate polygonal shapes, we compared YBCO polygonal assembled conductors which were arranged as a square, pentagon, hexagon, octagon or decagon at a distance of 0.5 mm. The experimental results show that the AC loss reduction effect is greatest when the polygon is arranged as a round shape.
RNAi-mediated silencing of the HD-Zip gene HD20 in Nicotiana attenuata affects benzyl acetone emission from corollas via ABA levels and the expression of metabolic genes (2012)

The results indicated that regulation of ABA levels in corollas is associated with the late phase of BA emission in N. attenuata plants and that HD20 affects this latter process by mediating changes in both ABA levels and metabolic gene expression.
Iron‐Catalyzed Sonogashira Reactions (2008)

With an iron will: Terminal alkynes undergo reaction with aryl and heteroaryl iodides in the presence of an iron catalyst formed from FeCl3 and N,N′-dimethylethylenediamine (dmeda, see scheme). The method displays a broad substrate scope and is economical, environmentally friendly, and experimentally simple. A “one-pot” Sonogashira/intramolecular hydroalkoxylation has also been achieved by this method. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2008/z801539_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Antibiotic‐induced expression of a cryptic cpb2 gene in equine β2‐toxigenic Clostridium perfringens (2005)

The cpb2 gene of beta2-toxigenic Clostridium perfringens isolated from horses, cattle, sheep, human and pigs was sequenced. The cpb2 gene of equine and other non-porcine isolates differed from porcine isolates by the absence of an adenine in a poly A tract immediately downstream of the start codon in all non-porcine C. perfringens strains. This deletion involved formation of a cryptic gene harbouring a premature stop codon after only nine amino acid codons, while the full beta2-toxin protein consists of 265 amino acids. Immunoblots carried out with antibodies directed against a recombinant beta2-toxin showed the absence of expression of the beta2-toxin in equine and the other non-porcine strains under standard culture conditions. However, treatment of C. perfringens with the aminoglycosides gentamicin or streptomycin was able to induce expression of the cpb2 gene in a representative equine strain of this group, presumably by frameshifting. The presence of the beta2-toxin was revealed by immunohistology in tissue samples of small and large intestine from horses with severe typhlocolitis that had been treated before with gentamicin. This result may explain the finding that antibiotic treatment of horses affected by beta2-toxigenic C. perfringens leads to a more accentuated and fatal progression of equine typhlocolitis. Clinical observations show a reduced appearance of strong typhlocolitis in horses with intestinal complications admitted to hospital care since the standard use of gentamicin has been abandoned. This is the first report on expression of a bacterial toxin gene by antibiotic-induced ribosomal frameshifting.
The NR2B Subtype of NMDA Receptor: A Potential Target for the Treatment of Alcohol Dependence (2004)

Ethanol is a small molecule acting on several neurotransmitter systems in the brain. Accumulating evidences suggest that the primary excitatory--i.e. the glutamatergic--neurotransmitter system is a particularly important site of ethanol's action. Several studies showed that ethanol is a potent and selective inhibitor of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors and prolonged ethanol exposition leads to a compensatory "up-regulation" of these receptors resulting in enhanced NMDA receptor-mediated functions after removal of ethanol. These alterations are supposed to contribute to the development of ethanol tolerance, dependence as well as the acute and delayed signs of ethanol withdrawal. In recent papers, alterations in subunit composition of NMDA receptors were reported after long term ethanol exposure. mRNA and/or protein levels of NR2A and NR2B types of subunits were found elevated both by in vivo and in vitro experiments. Our results showed that especially the NR2B subunit expression is increased in cultured hippocampal and cortical neurones after 3 days of intermittent ethanol treatment. According to the high calcium permeability, the increased agonist sensitivity and the relatively slow closing kinetics of NMDA ion channels composed of NR2B subunits, the above mentioned changes may underlie the enhanced NMDA receptor activation observed after long term ethanol exposure. Accordingly, we have tested NR2B subunit selective NMDA receptor antagonists in primary cultures of rat cortical neurones pre-treated with ethanol intermittently for 3 days and found that these compounds potently inhibited the neurotoxic effect of ethanol withdrawal. Hypothesising the involvement of enhanced NR2B subunit expression in development of alcohol dependence and withdrawal symptoms and considering the tolerable side effect profile of the NR2B subunit selective NMDA receptor antagonists, the NR2B type of NMDA receptor subunit may serve as a possible drug target in pharmacological interventions for alcoholism. The aim of this review is to give an update on the role of altered structure and function of NMDA receptors after ethanol exposure and to summarise the recent data about the activity of NR2B subunit selective NMDA receptor antagonists in model systems related to alcoholism.
Long-Term Use of Contraceptive Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate in Young Women Impairs Arterial Endothelial Function Assessed by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (2002)

Endothelium-dependent arterial function measured by cardiovascular magnetic resonance is impaired in chronic users of DMPA, and hypoestrogenism may be the mechanism of action. DMPA might adversely affect cardiovascular health, and in particular its use in women with cardiovascular disease should be additionally evaluated.
Traffic Steering for eMBB and uRLLC Coexistence in Open Radio Access Networks (2022)

Existing radio access network (RAN) architectures are lack of sufficient openness, flexibility, and intelligence to meet the diverse demands of emerging services in beyond 5G and 6G wireless networks, including enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) and ultra-reliable and low-latency (uRLLC). Open RAN (ORAN) is a promising paradigm that allows building a virtualized and intelligent architecture. In this paper, we focus on traffic steering (TS) scheme based on multi-connectivity (MC) and network slicing (NS) techniques to efficiently allocate heterogeneous network resources in “NextG” cellular networks. We formulate the RAN resource allocation problem to simultaneously maximize the weighted sum eMBB throughput and minimize the worst-user uRLLC latency subject to QoS requirements, and orthogonality, power, and limited fronthaul constraints. Since the formulated problem is categorized as a mixed integer nonlinear problem (MINLP), we first relax binary variables to continuous ones and develop an efficient iterative algorithm based on successive convex approximation technique. System-level simulation results demon-strate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, compared to several well-known benchmark schemes.
The Stellar Interferometer at Narrabri Observatory--I: A Description of The Instrument and the Observational Procedure (1967)

A stellar intensity interferometer has been installed at Narrabri Observatory in New South Wales, and is being used to measure the angular diameters of bright stars in the spectral range O to F. This paper describes the instrument and the observational procedure. Experience has shown that the performance is in reasonable agreement with theory and it is concluded that the measurements of angular diameter given in Paper II are reliable.
Advances in thermoelectric materials research: Looking back and moving forward (2017)

High-performance thermoelectric materials lie at the heart of thermoelectrics, the simplest technology applicable to direct thermal-to-electrical energy conversion. In its recent 60-year history, the field of thermoelectric materials research has stalled several times, but each time it was rejuvenated by new paradigms. This article reviews several potentially paradigm-changing mechanisms enabled by defects, size effects, critical phenomena, anharmonicity, and the spin degree of freedom. These mechanisms decouple the otherwise adversely interdependent physical quantities toward higher material performance. We also briefly discuss a number of promising materials, advanced material synthesis and preparation techniques, and new opportunities. The renewable energy landscape will be reshaped if the current trend in thermoelectric materials research is sustained into the foreseeable future.
Effectiveness of the Atkins Diet as a Treatment of Weight Reduction (2013)

The Atkins diet is a low-carbohydrate and high-protein diet created by Robert C. Atkins. The diet works when the body changes into state of ketosis because of drastically restricting of carbohydrate intake, which means it burns its own fat to convert into energy. The objective of the study is to determine the effectiveness of Atkins diet by measuring the weight before and after practicing the diet. The method used was a cross-sectional study. The finding showed that there was statistically significant difference between weights before and weight after. Thus, low-carbohydrate and high-protein and fat diet (Atkins diet) was effective.
MYOCLONUS—A REPORT OF 67 CASES AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE (1962)

From the Division of Neurological Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Hospital and The Baltimore City Hospitals, Baltimore, Maryland
Blogging by the rest of us (2004)

Weblogs (or blogs) are frequently updated webpages with posts typically in reverse-chronological order. Blogging is the latest form of online communication to gain widespread popularity and it is rapidly becoming mainstream. Media attention tends to focus on "heavy-hitting" blogs devoted to politics, punditry and technology, but it has recently become apparent that vast majority of blogs are written by ordinary people for much smaller audiences, and on largely personal themes. Surprisingly little is known about this "blogging by the rest of us", especially from the blogger's point of view. This paper presents the preliminary results of an ethnographic study of blogging as a form of personal expression and communication. We characterize a number of blogging practices, and then consider blogging as personal journaling. We find blogging to be a surprisingly versatile medium, with uses similar to an online diary, personal chronicle or newsletter, and much more. The next few years should provide a fascinating opportunity for research and design as blogging tools improve and blog usage evolves and flourishes.
Patient classification based on pre-hospital heart rate variability (2008)

Heart rate variability (HRV) is a non-invasive measurement that has shown promise as an indicator of cardiovascular, respiratory and metabolic dynamics. In this study, three different classification techniques, i.e. extreme learning machine (ELM), support vector machine (SVM) and back-propagation based neural network (BP), were investigated to classify HRV signals obtained from electrocardiograms (ECGs) of critically ill patients seen at the emergency department of a large hospital. HRV parameters were found to be better predictors of patient outcome than traditional vital signs. It was also found that the length of the ECG segment used affects the predictive ability of the classifiers and a windowing scheme was implemented to enhance performance.