gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Carbon Nanoparticles in Nematic Liquid Crystals (2008)

Fullerene C-60, C-70, single-walled and multi-walled carbon nanotubes and graphene sheets are doped to nematic liquid crystal (LC) host in the same percentage. Planar samples of these mixtures are prepared and our measurements constitute an optimization basis for possible applications. Fullerene balls are found to be the best compatible material for optical aims and reorientation of LC molecules, while the carbon nanotubes experience some reorientation possibility in LC media and graphene layers are good barriers to preserve reorientation.
A Planar‐Chiral Phosphino(alkenyl)ferrocene for Suzuki–Miyaura C–C Coupling Reactions (2014)

Abstract Planar‐chiral phosphinoferrocene [Fe(η 5 ‐C 5 H 3 ‐1‐PPh 2 ‐2‐( E )‐CH=CHPh)(η 5 ‐C 5 H 5 )] ( 4 ) was applied in the presence of palladium in Suzuki–Miyaura couplings for the synthesis of sterically congested biaryls. The catalytic activity arises from homogeneous palladium phosphine complexes, of which the potential pre‐catalyst [Pd( 4 ) 2 Cl 2 ] was characterized structurally. The catalytic system is excellently suited for the synthesis of tri‐ ortho ‐substituted biaryls under mild conditions (0.1 mol‐%, 50–100 °C), whereas its application towards the synthesis of tetra‐ ortho ‐substituted biaryls is quite limited. Comparing the performance of the reaction with 4 as catalyst and a range of substrates with differing ortho substituents suggests that transmetalation is rate determining. Complex ( S p )‐ 4 was used in atropselective couplings, wherein enantioenrichments of up to 36 % were achieved. The stereoselectivity depends to some extent on the steric properties of the boronic acids; however, slight changes at the aryl halides influence the enantioselectivity.
Disperse Amphiphilic Submicron Particles as Non‐Covalent Supports for Cationic Homogeneous Catalysts (2005)

Abstract A simple method for the effective immobilization of homogeneous catalysts on polystyrene colloids via non‐covalent binding is demonstrated. Stable latices with sufficiently high loading of accessible borate anions are prepared via emulsion polymerization. Incorporation of cationic rhodium complexes, supported via their borate counter‐anion is efficient, and these supported homogeneous catalysts maintain constant catalytic activity for CC hydrogenation during several recycles, with very low metal leaching.
A dual band (C/Ku) feed system with transmit and receive capability (2006)

In satellite earth station antenna systems there is an increasing demand for complex single aperture, multi-function and multi-frequency band capable feed systems. In this work, a multi band feed system (6/12 GHz) is described which employs quadrature junctions (QJ) and supports transmit and receive functionality in the C and Ku bands respectively. This feed system is designed for a 16.4 m diameter shaped cassegrain antenna. It is a single aperture, 4 port system with transmit capability in circular polarization (CP) mode over the 6.625-6.69 GHz band and receive in the linear polarization (LP) mode over the 12.1-12.3 GHz band
Therapeutics for hearing preservation and improvement of patient outcomes in cochlear implantation—Progress and possibilities (2022)

The emergence of therapeutics targeted at hearing loss holds great promise in the development of novel treatments for this heterogenous condition. Whilst such therapeutics are largely designed to be efficacious in and of themselves, the possibility of combination with devices, namely cochlear implants, could result in much more effective treatment options. Here, we review the otoprotective molecules currently in clinical development, as well as generic steroids, discussing mechanisms of action and mode of delivery to the perilymph of the cochlea. Presenting both preclinical and clinical data, we explore the challenges these molecules face in reaching the inner ear. Furthermore, we consider the role of the cochlear implant as a drug delivery platform along with the ability of these drugs to preserve residual hearing and improve outcomes in implant recipients.
Biocompatible fluorescent silicon nanocrystals for single-molecule tracking and fluorescence imaging (2013)

Fluorescence microscopy is used extensively in cell-biological and biomedical research, but it is often plagued by three major problems with the presently available fluorescent probes: photobleaching, blinking, and large size. We have addressed these problems, with special attention to single-molecule imaging, by developing biocompatible, red-emitting silicon nanocrystals (SiNCs) with a 4.1-nm hydrodynamic diameter. Methods for producing SiNCs by simple chemical etching, for hydrophilically coating them, and for conjugating them to biomolecules precisely at a 1:1 ratio have been developed. Single SiNCs neither blinked nor photobleached during a 300-min overall period observed at video rate. Single receptor molecules in the plasma membrane of living cells (using transferrin receptor) were imaged for ≥10 times longer than with other probes, making it possible for the first time to observe the internalization process of receptor molecules at the single-molecule level. Spatial variations of molecular diffusivity in the scale of 1-2 µm, i.e., a higher level of domain mosaicism in the plasma membrane, were revealed.
Two New Hydronaphthoquinones from Sinningia aggregata (Gesneriaceae) and Cytotoxic Activity of Aggregatin D (2015)

Two new hydronaphthoquinones, aggregatins E and F (1 and 2, resp.) were isolated from the tubers of Sinningia aggregata (Ker-Gawl.) Wiehler (Gesneriaceae), along with twelve known compounds aggregatin D (3), tectoquinone (4), 1-hydroxy-2-methylanthraquinone (5), icosyl ferulate (6), pustuline (7), 1,6-dihydroxy-2-methylanthranquinone (8), 6-hydroxy-2-methylanthraquinone (9), 7-hydroxy-2-methylanthraquinone (10), tyrosol (11), halleridone (12), calceolarioside B (13), and cornoside (14). All compounds were identified by analysis of spectroscopic and spectrometric data. Compounds 3, 4, and 10 had already been reported in this species. Compounds 2 and 3 were evaluated against several tumor cell lines, but only 3 exhibited activities against UACC-62, 786-0 and OVCAR-3 cell lines, with IC50 values of 12.3, 12.8 and 0.3 μg/ml, respectively, without toxic effects on non-cancer cell line HaCat (human keratinocyte).
The Chaperone-associated Ubiquitin Ligase CHIP Is Able to Target p53 for Proteasomal Degradation (2005)

The cellular level of the tumor suppressor p53 is tightly regulated through induced degradation via the ubiquitin/proteasome system. The ubiquitin ligase Mdm2 plays a pivotal role in stimulating p53 turnover. However, recently additional ubiquitin ligases have been identified that participate in the degradation of the tumor suppressor. Apparently, multiple degradation pathways are employed to ensure proper destruction of p53. Here we show that the chaperone-associated ubiquitin ligase CHIP is able to induce the proteasomal degradation of p53. CHIP-induced degradation was observed for mutant p53, which was previously shown to associate with the chaperones Hsc70 and Hsp90, and for the wild-type form of the tumor suppressor. Our data reveal that mutant and wild-type p53 transiently associate with molecular chaperones and can be diverted onto a degradation pathway through this association.
Design of a HVDC Power Supply Based on LCC Resonant Converter (2012)

In order to increase the efficiency and decrease the volume and weight of the high voltage DC(HVDC) power supply,this paper presents a comprehensive procedure for designing a HVDC power supply based on seriesparallel LCC resonant converter.The output voltage is controlled by a combination of PWM and PFM variation,where soft-switching is realized over the entire operating range.This paper firstly gives different working conditions of LCC converter,then it introduces the mathematical model for the LCC converter based on an extensive of the first harmonic analysis,on the basis of this,the relationships between frequency,duty-cycle and voltage gain are described by different curves at different loads,providing theoretical guidelines for designing of LCC resonant converter.Finally, a 35 kV,7 kW power supply prototype is built to verify the correctness of the theory.Closed-loop control is adopted in the control system to improve the accuracy of the output voltage.
Analyzing Transferability of Happiness Detection via Gaze Tracking in Multimedia Applications (2020)

How are strong positive affective states related to eye-tracking features and how can they be used to appropriately enhance well-being in multimedia consumption? In this paper, we propose a robust classification algorithm for predicting strong happy emotions from a large set of features acquired from wearable eye-tracking glasses. We evaluate the potential transferability across subjects and provide a model-agnostic interpretable feature importance metric. Our proposed algorithm achieves a true-positive-rate of 70% while keeping a low false-positive-rate of 10% with extracted features of the pupil diameter as most important features.
Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase Expression in CD4+ T Cells is Associated with a Unique IL-10-Producing Subset that Increases with Age (2011)

Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), produced by the Aicda gene, is essential for the immunoglobulin gene (Ig) alterations that form immune memory. Using a Cre-mediated genetic system, we unexpectedly found CD4(+) T cells that had expressed Aicda (exAID cells) as well as B cells. ExAID cells increased with age, reaching up to 25% of the CD4(+) and B220(+) cell populations. ExAID B cells remained IgM(+), suggesting that class-switched memory B cells do not accumulate in the spleen. In T cells, AID was expressed in a subset that produced IFN-γ and IL-10 but little IL-4 or IL-17, and showed no evidence of genetic mutation. Interestingly, the endogenous Aicda expression in T cells was enhanced in the absence of B cells, indicating that the process is independent from the germinal center reaction. These results suggest that in addition to its roles in B cells, AID may have previously unappreciated roles in T-cell function or tumorigenesis.
A Novel Counterfeit Feature Extraction Technique for Exposing Face-Swap Images Based on Deep Learning and Error Level Analysis (2020)

The quality and efficiency of generating face-swap images have been markedly strengthened by deep learning. For instance, the face-swap manipulations by DeepFake are so real that it is tricky to distinguish authenticity through automatic or manual detection. To augment the efficiency of distinguishing face-swap images generated by DeepFake from real facial ones, a novel counterfeit feature extraction technique was developed based on deep learning and error level analysis (ELA). It is related to entropy and information theory such as cross-entropy loss function in the final softmax layer. The DeepFake algorithm is only able to generate limited resolutions. Therefore, this algorithm results in two different image compression ratios between the fake face area as the foreground and the original area as the background, which would leave distinctive counterfeit traces. Through the ELA method, we can detect whether there are different image compression ratios. Convolution neural network (CNN), one of the representative technologies of deep learning, can extract the counterfeit feature and detect whether images are fake. Experiments show that the training efficiency of the CNN model can be significantly improved by the ELA method. In addition, the proposed technique can accurately extract the counterfeit feature, and therefore achieves outperformance in simplicity and efficiency compared with direct detection methods. Specifically, without loss of accuracy, the amount of computation can be significantly reduced (where the required floating-point computing power is reduced by more than 90%).
Rectal Mucosal Adrenergic Innervation and Enterochromaffin Cells in Ulcerative Colitis and Irritable Colon (1977)

Rectal mucosal biopsies of 13 patients suffering from ulcerative colitis, 7 patients presenting symptomatology typical of irritable colon, and 7 control persons were studied by the recently introduced glyoxylic-acid-induced fluorescence histochemical method. In ulcerative colitis, compared to control specimens: 1) the density of the adrenergic nerve network was significantly pronounced; 2) the mean diameter of the varicosities and the proportional share of large varicosities were increased, as well as the number of varicosities per a given length of an axon; 3) the intensity of the fluorescence of varicosities of comparable size was significantly increased; 4) the number of enterochromaffin cells was significantly decreased. In irritable colon, compared to control specimens, the number of enterochromaffin cells was significantly increased. These findings suggest that biogenic amines are somehow involved in both ulcerative colitis and irritable colon. The fluorescence histochemical method used was found sensitive, specific, and suitable for comparative studies on human clinical material.
et al. (2005)

In addition to the history, laboratory findings may indicate an autoimmune etiology in the patient with sudden hearing loss. Nonspecific markers of immune system up-regulation include a complement panel and ESR in addition to rheumatoid factor, antinuclear antibody, antimicrosomal antibody, and anticardiolipin antibody. The presence or absence of four specific antigens has been associated with AISNHL: the presence of 835, CW4, and CW7 and the absence of DR4 (30). In addition to these markers, western blot analysis for antibodies against an inner-ear 68-kD protein has been demonstrated by Harris and Sharp (31). Disher et al. (32) found this protein to be present in rv50% of patients with possible AISNHL. The antibody in question may be the monoclonal antibody KHRI-3 which binds to an inner-ear-supporting cell antigen and has been demonstrated to precipitate a 68-70 kD antigen. The presence of antibodies to inner ear antigens supports the concept that an autoimmune process is responsible for inner ear disease in these patients.
Grafting SV40 transformed rat retinal epithelial cells to the sub-retinal space (1996)

Purpose: To evaluate the potential of an SV40 transformed rat retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell line to rescue degenerating photoreceptors in the RCS rat. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats (12 weeks old) received grafts into the eye of an RPE cell line derived from PVG rats. The cells were tested and found positive for expression of 10 antibodies raised against RPE. Four animals were treated with oral Cyclosporin-A throughout the experiment. The rats were perfused transcardially with PBS and 4% paraformaldehyde, 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks post-transplant whilst under terminal anaesthesia and the eyes processed for histology. 4 week old RCS rats also received grafts and were killed 3 and 6 weeks post-transplant. A second group of RCS rats aged 4 - 30 weeks received transformed cell grafts or freshly isolated RPE cells to compare the efficacy of each. Results: The transformed RPE cells were able to align themselves as a monolayer in the subretinal space and appose the photoreceptors. The grafts did not stain with anti-SV40 suggesting that the cells ceased to be mitotic when in vivo. No immunological reaction was seen even in the absence of immunosuppression. Photoreceptor rescue was seen adjacent to the grafts in the RCS rat eyes. Conclusions: These results suggest that transformed RPE cell lines may provide an effective alternative to freshly isolated cells in preventing photoreceptor loss in RCS rats.
Automated analysis of transmission electron micrographs of metallic nanoparticles by machine learning (2023)

Metallic nanoparticles were analysed with respect to size and shape by a machine learning approach. This involved a separation of particles from the background (segmentation), a separation of overlapping particles, and the identification of individual particles. An algorithm to separate overlapping particles, based on ultimate erosion of convex shapes (UECS), was implemented. Finally, particle properties like size, circularity, equivalent diameter, and Feret diameter were computed for each particle of the whole particle population. Thus, particle size distributions can be easily created based on the various parameters. However, strongly overlapping particles are difficult and sometimes impossible to separate because of an <i>a priori</i> unknown shape of a particle that is partially lying in the shadow of another particle. The program is able to extract information from a sequence of images of the same sample, thereby increasing the number of analysed nanoparticles to several thousands. The machine learning approach is well-suited to identify particles at only limited particle-to-background contrast as is demonstrated for ultrasmall gold nanoparticles (2 nm).
Amplification of the Evanescent Field of Free Electrons (2015)

Evanescent optical fields existing in close proximity to illuminated objects contain detailed information on length scales smaller than the wavelength. They do not propagate to external observers but can be accessed using negative-index lenses, or coupled to propagating waves via subwavelength apertures, to achieve imaging resolution beyond the diffraction limit. Free electrons moving in vacuum also carry imperceptible localized, visible-frequency evanescent fields, and we demonstrate experimentally here that these fields can be amplified by a plasmonic film as electrons fly over the surface, offering new avenues toward the exploitation of electron evanescent fields for enhanced microscopy and nanoscale light generation. Amplifiers are fabricated at the tips of tapered optical fiber probes decorated with nanogratings to resonantly scatter electron fields to UV/vis light. We record amplification factors up to 3.4 in the ∼850 THz (∼350 nm) spectral range for medium-energy (40–50 keV) electrons.
The amylose content in rice endosperm is related to the post‐transcriptional regulation of the waxy gene (1995)

The waxy (Wx) gene of rice encodes a granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS = waxy protein) required for the synthesis of amylose in endosperm. An analysis of Wx transcripts, Wx protein, and amylose content of 31 rice cultivars revealed that endosperm amylose and Wx protein contents are correlated with the ability of the cultivar to excise intron I from the leader sequence of the Wx transcript. Cultivars with high endosperm amylose content (group I) contain high levels of amylose, Wx protein, and the mature 2.3 kb Wx mRNA. Cultivars with intermediate amylose content (group II) produce substantial amounts of a large 3.3 kb Wx pre-mRNA, with intron I still present, in addition to the mature Wx mRNA, and intermediate levels of Wx protein. Glutinous rice (group III cultivars) contains no amylose, no Wx protein, and no mature Wx mRNA; only the incompletely spliced 3.3 kb Wx pre-mRNA is present in group III cultivars. Based on these results, it is hypothesized that the amylose content of rice endosperm is regulated at the level of Wx transcript processing, and, more specifically, at the stage of intron I excision from the Wx pre-mRNA.
Novel diffraction grating light guide for LED backlight (2007)

In conventional LED backlight as that used in mobile liquid crystal displays (LCDs), typically the structure consists of a light guide, a diffusing sheet, prism sheets and so on. In this work we would like to propose a novel light guide where we have applied a special diffraction grating technology which provides a high performance with a thinner backlight. The special designed diffraction gratings on the light guide redirects incident light by diffraction to the front direction without the utilization of prism sheets. For testing the performance we made a diffraction grating light guide suited for a 2.4 inch backlight with 4 LEDs in a trial. As a result, the backlight that consisted of a diffraction grating light guide, with either a single or none prism sheet achieved equivalent performance to conventional backlights.
Genistein supplementation in patients affected by Sanfilippo disease (2011)

Our results suggest that genistein supplementation at 5 mg kg(-1) day(-1) did not improve disability estimated by using a particular scale.
Physical Downlink Control Channel format selection of evolved node B in Long Term Evolution system (2012)

In TD-LTE (Time Division-Long Term Evolution) system, Control Channel Element (CCE), which transmits control information, is the resource element mapping unit of Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH). It is used by uplink and downlink schedulers. Rational utilization of CCE resources and choose appropriate aggregation of one or several consecutive CCEs to transmit Downlink Control Information (DCI) have significant impact on success ratio of User Equipment (UE) blind detection and system performance. In this paper, one modified method which is based on reported Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) by UE to make selection of CCE aggregation is proposed. Its implementation complexity is very low. The simulation results show the modified method improves the success ratio of UE blind detection and the CCE resources utilization. At the same time, the feasibility and effectiveness of this modified method have been verified.
Preparation and Characterization of Polyvinylidene Fluoride by Irradiating Electron Beam (2011)

For the purpose of introducing hydrophilic function to pristine PVDF, pristine PVDF was modified under atmosphere and aqueous vapor by irradiating electron beam (EB). EB dose was varied from 0 to 125 K Gray, respectively. Their changes of chemical composition /structure were observed and evaluated by FT-IR, EDS and DSC. Also, their surface behaviors were evaluated by contact angle. In FT-IR study, it was confirmed that hydroxyl functions were introduced to pristine PVDF. In EDS analysis, mole ratio of F (fluoride) was almost constant (about 33%) in spite of increasing EB dose, meaning that hydroxyl function was introduced via dehydrozenation, not via deflurodination. In DSC study, increased with increasing EB dose, which was reconfirmed that hydroxyl function was introduced via dehydrozenation. increased with increasing EB dose, inferring that the increase in EB dose led to more outbreak of hydroxyl function which led to more enhanced hydrogen bond. In the result of contact angle, pristine PVDF film was and 125 K Gray-irradiated PVDF film was even . All results showed that pristine PVDF was successfully changed to hydrophilic PVDF.
Numerical Estimation of Casing Integrity under Injection Pressure for Fracturing of Shale Gas Formation (2014)

Injection pressure is a key factor in the design of a successful formation stimulation treatment of shale gas — the higher the pressure, the larger the stimulated volume. However, if the pressure is too high, the risk of compromising casing integrity during the injection process is also high. This paper analyzes a practical case of casing integrity problem resulting from injection in a field in southwest China. The purpose is to investigate the relative importance of the factors that influence casing integrity in a horizontal well section and to determine the upper bound of the safe injection pressure. Calculations were performed by using porous elastoplastic model with the finite element method. Anisotropy caused by non-uniform distribution of natural fractures is also included. For the specific casing and formation environment, it was found that casing integrity mainly depends on these three parameters:(1) injection pressure; (2) casing strength; and (3) cement quality. The maximum inward displacement of casing can reach 16 mm and result in serious ovalization under 90 MPa injection pressure, given non-uniform distribution of natural fractures and poor cementing quality. However, plastic deformation disappears with 80 MPa injection pressure when all other factors remain unchanged. Consequently, the upper bound of safe injection pressure is set as 80 MPa.