gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of the electron-hole spatial separation on the magnetoluminescence measurements of the fractional-quantum-Hall-effect energy gaps (1994)

Specially designed single GaAs-${\mathrm{Al}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$As heterojunctions with two monolayers of acceptors located at different distances from the interface have been studied by luminescence experiments. Using a time-resolved technique we distinguished the two channels of luminescence corresponding to radiative recombination of two-dimensional electrons with holes bound to acceptors from these two monolayers. Comparison of the fractional-quantum-Hall-effect (FQHE) energy gaps derived from these two recombination channels allows us to measure the corrections to the FQHE gaps associated with the finite e-h spatial separation.
Tianeptine reduces morphine antinociceptive tolerance and physical dependence (2010)

Long-term use of morphine can cause neuronal dystrophic changes in specific areas of the brain. These changes may underlie the mechanism for developing morphine antinociceptive tolerance and physical dependence. We evaluated the effect of tianeptine, an antidepressant with prominent neuroprotective and neuroplastic properties, on the development of morphine antinociceptive tolerance and physical dependence. Male C57BL/6 mice were rendered tolerant to or dependent on morphine by subcutaneously injecting them with morphine (10 mg/kg) and intraperitoneally with saline or tianeptine (1, 3, or 5 mg/kg) twice daily for 6 days. The mice were given a daily tail-flick test 1 h after the first morphine injection to evaluate the development of their tolerance to morphine antinociception. To evaluate their physical dependence on morphine, 3 h after the final morphine injection on day 6, naloxone-HCl-precipitated (2 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) withdrawal symptoms were counted for 30 min, and body weight was checked 1 h after the naloxone injection. Tianeptine per se produced no antinociception, neither did it modify the antinociception produced by morphine, nor did it evoke the behavioral responses different from those in the saline controls. The combination of tianeptine with morphine significantly reduced the development of morphine antinociceptive tolerance and suppressed the incidence of naloxone-precipitated withdrawal symptoms. We conclude that tianeptine is an effective inhibitor of morphine-induced antinociceptive tolerance and physical dependence in mice. Our results would imply that comedication with tianeptine and morphine might benefit those who need long-term morphine treatment.
Omniware: A Universal Substrate for Web Programming (1995)

This paper describes Omniware, a system for producing and executing mobile code. Next generation Web applications will use mobile code to specify dynamic behavior in Web pages, implement new Web protocols and data formats, and dynamically distribute computation between servers and browsers, Like all mobile code systems, Omniware provides portability and safety. The same compiled Omniware module can be executed transparently on different machines, and a module's access to host resources can be precisely controlled. In addition to portability and safety, Omniware has two unique features. First, Omniware is open. Omniware uses software fault isolation (SFI) to enforce safe execution of standard programming languages, enabling Web developers to leverage the vast store of existing software and programming expertise. For example, Omniware developers can use C++ to create programs for Web pages. Second, Omniware is fast. We evaluated Omniware under the Solaris 2.4 operating system on a SPARCstation 5 using eight C benchmark programs, including five programs from the C SPEC92 benchmark suite. We evaluated the performance of Omniware in two ways. First, we showed that Omniware modules can be represented compactly, reducing the space consumption compared to Sun-Pro cc shared object files by an average of 38%. Second, we showed that Omniware modules execute at near native speeds. Including the runtime overhead necessary to ensure that Omniware modules are both portable and safe, our benchmark programs ran within 6% of native performance.
Phosphonylation of Biomolecules with Inorganic Diphosphonate. III. Formation of an H-phosphonate Analogue of Adenosine 5′-Triphosphate by Phosphonylation of Adenosine 5′-Diphosphate (1989)

Abstract Phosphonylation of adenosine 5′-diphosphate (ADP) with inorganic diphosphonate was investigated by use of 31P NMR spectroscopy and the coupled system of high-performance liquid chromatography and flow injection analysis. ADP was phosphonylated by inorganic diphosphonate to form an H-phosphonate analogue of adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) in aqueous solutions. The yield of the H-phosphonate analogue of ATP varied strongly depending on reaction conditions: pH and initial concentration of inorganic diphosphonate. The maximum yield of the H-phosphonate analogue of ATP was 56% under the following conditions: initial concentration of inorganic diphosphonate and ADP were 1.8 and 0.1 mol dm−3, respectively; 50 °C; pH 5; 90 min. In basic solutions, 2′ or 3′-hydroxyl group on ADP was predominantly phosphonylated.
Parallel global routing for standard cells (1990)

The potential speedup of a standard cell global router using a general-purpose multiprocessor is investigated. LocusRoute, a global routing algorithm for standard cells, and its parallel implementation are presented. The uniprocessor speed and quality of LocusRoute is comparable to modern global routers. LocusRoute compares favorably with the TimberWolf 5.0 global router and a maze router that searches the same space more completely. Two successful methods of parallel decomposition of the router are presented. The first, in which multiple wires are routed in parallel, uses the notion of chaotic parallelism to achieve significant performance gains by relaxing data dependencies, at the cost of a minor loss in quality. Using iteration and careful assignment of wires to processors, this degradation is reduced. The approach achieves measured speedups from 5 to 14 using 15 processors. The second parallel decomposition technique is the evaluation of different routes for each wire on separate processors. It achieves speedups of up to 6 using 10 processors. It is demonstrated that when these two approaches are combined, the aggregate speedup is the product of the individual approaches' speedup, and, using an improved scheduling approach, it can be even greater. With a simple model based on these results, speedups of more than 75 using 150 processors are predicted.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Intracranial Lesions in the Fullterm Infant with Hypoxic Ischaemic Encephalopathy: Ultrasound and Autopsy Correlation (1994)

To test the hypothesis that cranial ultrasound correlated with post-mortem findings in neonates with hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE), the brains of 20 infants who died after at least two real time ultrasound scans were examined. The ultrasound abnormalities detected in the periventricular/subcortical white matter, cortex or thalami were compared with the macroscopic and histological appearances. Comparing the last ultrasound scan which was performed no longer than 12 hours before the infant died, with histological data, the sensitivity and specificity for lesions in the thalamus was 100% and 83.3% respectively; for cortical lesions 76.9 and 100% respectively and for lesions in the periventricular white matter 80% and 75% respectively. The value of cranial ultrasound for detecting intracranial abnormalities in infants with HIE was considerably better than reported previously. This could mainly be attributed to the use of a 10 MHz transducer which was of critical importance to identify lesions in the superficial cortical layer.
Rechtliche Überlegungen zur „gendergetrennten“ Auswertung des Eignungstests der MEDUNI Wien für die Zulassung zum Medizinstudium (2013)

Für den EMS-Test 2012 der Medizinischen Universität Wien wurde die Ermittlung des Testwertes genderspezifisch vorgenommen. Der Beitrag setzt sich kritisch mit der Frage auseinander, ob eine derartige gendergetrennte Auswertung des Eignungstests rechtskonform ist.
Asymmetric Hydrogenation with Iridium C,N and N,P Ligand Complexes: Characterization of Dihydride Intermediates with a Coordinated Alkene (2014)

Abstract Previously elusive iridium dihydride alkene complexes have been identified and characterized by NMR spectroscopy in solution. Reactivity studies demonstrated that these complexes are catalytically competent intermediates. Additional H 2 is required to convert the catalyst‐bound alkene into the hydrogenation product, supporting an Ir III /Ir V cycle via an [Ir III (H) 2 (alkene)(H 2 )(L)] + intermediate, as originally proposed based on DFT calculations. NMR analyses indicate a reaction pathway proceeding through rapidly equilibrating isomeric dihydride alkene intermediates with a subsequent slow enantioselectivity‐determining step. As in the classical example of asymmetric hydrogenation with rhodium diphosphine catalysts, it is a minor, less stable intermediate that is converted into the major product enantiomer.
Silencing of the Insulin Receptor Isoform A Favors Formation of Type 1 Insulin-Like Growth Factor Receptor (IGF-IR) Homodimers and Enhances Ligand-Induced IGF-IR Activation and Viability of Human Colon Carcinoma Cells (2010)

Insulin receptor (IR) overexpression is common in cancers, with expression of the A isoform (IR-A, exon 11−) predominating over the B isoform. The IR-A signals a proliferative, antiapoptotic response to IGF-II, which itself can be secreted by tumors to establish an autocrine proliferative loop. Therefore, IGF-II signaling via the IR-A could mediate resistance to type 1 IGF receptor (IGF-IR) inhibitory drugs that are currently in development. This study addressed the role of the IR-A, using a small interfering RNA-based approach in SW480 human colon adenocarcinoma cells that coexpress the IGF-IR. Clonogenic survival was inhibited by depletion of the IGF-IR but not the IR-A, and dual receptor depletion had no greater effect than IGF-IR knockdown alone, suggesting that the IR-A could not compensate for IGF-IR loss. IGF-IR knockdown also resulted in a decrease in viability, whereas IR-A depletion resulted in increased viability. Consistent with this, upon IR-A depletion, we found a concomitant enhancement of IGF-IR activation by IGF-I and IGF-II, reduced formation of IGF-IR:IR-A hybrid receptors and increased IGF-IR homodimer formation. Together, these results suggest that IGF bioactivity is mediated more effectively by the IGF-IR than by the IR-A or receptor hybrids and that signaling via the IGF-IR is dominant to the IR-A in colon cancer cells that express both receptors.
Reconfigurable RF Energy Harvester with Customized Differential PCB Antenna (2015)

In this work, a Radio Frequency (RF) Energy Harvester comprised of a differential Radio Frequency-to-Direct Current (RF-DC) converter realized in ST130 nm Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) technology and a customized broadband Printed Circuit Board (PCB) antenna with inductive coupling feeding is presented. Experimental results show that the system can work with different carrier frequencies and thanks to its reconfigurable architecture the proposed converter is able to provide a regulated output voltage of 2 V over a 14 dB of RF input power range. The conversion efficiency of the whole system peaks at 18% under normal outdoor working conditions.
An investigation of 80 MeV nitrogen ion irradiation on silicon NPN transistors (2017)

The NPN transistors were irradiated with 80 MeV Nitrogen ion in the dose range from 100 krad(Si) to 100 Mrad(Si). The different electrical characteristics like Gummel characteristics, current gain(hFE) and output characteristics (IC-VCE) were studied before and after irradiation. After nitrogen ion irradiation a significant increase has been observed in the collector current (IC) along with increase in base current (IB). The hFE of the transistors decreased drastically after ion irradiation. Moreover, the output characteristics of the irradiated transistor show that the collector current (IC) in the saturation region (ICsat) decrease with increase in the ion dose.
The effect of static electric fields on ice friction (1994)

The effect of an external electric dc bias applied between ice and sliders on both static and dynamic ice friction has been examined. The measurements were performed on pure polycrystalline ice in the temperature range from −5 to −30 °C and for sliding velocities from 0.5 to 8 m/s. The sliders were made of aluminum, stainless steel, and polyethylene. It was found that an application of an external dc bias to the ice/slider interface can double the force of dynamic and static friction between ice and metals and between ice and dielectrics. These new physical phenomena are discussed in terms of electrostatic pressure, effect of electric fields on ice plastic deformation, and field-sensitive ice adhesion. Both the experimental results and the discussion show that frictional self-electrification may play a significant role in forming the ice friction coefficient and that the friction can be modified intentionally.
A security risk of depending on synchronized clocks (1992)

Many algorithms or protocols, in particular cryptographic protocols such as authentication protocols, use synchronized clocks and depend on them for correctness. This note describes a scenario where a clock synchronization failure renders a protocol vulnerable to an attack even after the faulty clock has been resynchronized. The attack exploits a postdated message by first suppressing it and replaying it later.
Correlation of the surface expression of thymic stromal lymphopoietin receptor with the presence of CRLF2 gene rearrangements in children with B‐lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (2023)

When surface TSLPR is detected at the diagnosis of BCP-ALL, close attention should be given to the search for chromosomal aberrations involving CRLF2 at any level of expression.
<title>Mini-Lasers For High-Repetition-Rate Rare Gas Halide Oscillators</title> (1980)

We report operation of a rare gas halide mini laser with an active area 10 cm x 2 mm x 4 mm and complete dimension including blumlein circuit slightly over one square foot. KrF lasing of greater than 320 milliwatts average power at 333 Hz is reported and steady lasing at over 1.25 kHz is obtained. The energy per pulse at low repetition rate is 1.8 mJ. XeCl lasing of greater than 60 milliwatts average power at 350 Hz is reported, and steady lasing at over 850 Hz is obtained. Pulsewidth control is obtained from 10 ns to over 50 ns via control of the cavity Q.© (1980) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Pressure and free-field calibration of “half-inch” microphones by reciprocity (1979)

For measurement situations involving sound fields that are not well specified, uncertainties associated with the choice of diffraction correction to be used for a type L (“one-inch” nominal diameter) microphone can exceed errors in its calibration by one to two orders of magnitude. One benefit from use of smaller microphones is reduction of these uncertainties. Facilities at the National Bureau of Standards have recently been developed for free-field and pressure calibration of “half-inch” nominal diameter laboratory microphones by reciprocity. Both facilities use a grounded shield configuration and insert voltage techniques to determine the open-circuit sensitivity of a microphone. User-interactive computer programs provide on-line computations, display, and storage of calibration results. Adaptors are used to perform pressure calibrations in ANSI S1.10-1966, (RI971) couplers from 50 to 20 000 Hz; use of other couplers could extend this range. Free-field calibrations for normal incidence are performed from 2000 to 20 000 Hz; this range can also be extended. These methods are used to determine the differences between pressure and free-field calibrations for various types of microphones, as well as the influence of protective grids of microphones on their free-field calibration.
Research progress in the effect of traditional Chinese medicine on the modulation of osteoporosis-related genes (2013)

In the theory of traditional Chinese medicine( TCM),kidney deficiency is the main cause of osteoporosis. TCM plays an important role in the treatment of this disease. In recent years,using the regulation mechanism of osteoporosis-related genes in exploring the mechanism of TCM in preventing and treating this disease is one of the hot research topics. This paper review s the mechanism of TCM in preventing and treating osteoporosis mainly from the aspect of osteoporosis-related genes.
Quasicrystalline Coatings Exhibit Durable Low Interfacial Toughness with Ice (2021)

Ice accretion can adversely impact many engineering structures in commercial and residential sectors. Although there are many reports of low-ice-adhesion-strength materials, a scalable and durable deicing solution remains elusive, as ice detachment is dominated by interfacial toughness for large interfaces. In this work, durable metallic coatings based on Al-rich quasicrystalline alloys were prepared and applied on aluminum substrates using high-velocity oxyfuel thermal spray. X-ray diffraction patterns confirmed the quasicrystalline phases of the coating, and its large-scale deicing capability was studied by evaluating the coating's ice detachment mechanics using long lengths of ice. A toughness-controlled regime of interfacial fracture was observed for ice lengths longer than ∼2 cm, and a low shear strength of ∼30 kPa was achieved for a 20 cm ice length. The metallic coatings exhibited excellent ice repellency even after being abraded, scratched, heated, UV-irradiated, and exposed to chemical contaminations, demonstrating promising durability for real-world, large-scale ice removal.
Green chemistry and the health implications of nanoparticles (2006)

Until recently the spectacular developments in nanotechnology have been with little regard to their potential effect on human health and the environment. There are no specific regulations on nanoparticles except existing regulations covering the same material in bulk form. Difficulties abound in devising such regulations, beyond self-imposed regulations by responsible companies, because of the likelihood of different properties exhibited by any one type of nanoparticle, which are tuneable by changing their size, shape and surface characteristics. Green chemistry metrics need to be incorporated into nanotechnologies at the source. This review scopes this issue in the context of potential health effects of nanoparticles, along with medical applications of nanoparticles including imaging, drug delivery, disinfection, and tissue repair. Nanoparticles can enter the human body through the lungs, the intestinal tract, and to a lesser extent the skin, and are likely to be a health issue, although the extent of effects on health are inconclusive. Nanoparticles can be modified to cross the brain blood barrier for medical applications, but this suggests other synthetic nanoparticles may unintentionally cross this barrier.
DNA and RNA analyses in detection of genetic predisposition to cancer (2012)

During the past decade many new molecular methods for DNA and RNA analysis have emerged. The most popular thus far have been SSCP, HET, CMC, DGGE, RFLP or ASA, which have now been replaced by methods that are more cost effective and less time consuming. Real-time amplification techniques and particularly those with the capacity of multiplexing have become commonly used in laboratory practice. Novel screening methods enable the very rapid examination of large patients series. Use of liquid handling robotics applied to the isolation of DNA or RNA, the normalisation of sample concentration, and standardization of target amplification by PCR have also contributed to a reduced risk of sample contamination and have resulted in laboratory analysis being easier and faster.The aim of this study is the introduction of a few modern techniques, most commonly used in detection of genetic predisposition to cancer.
Numerical comparison of different algorithms for construction of wavelet matrices (2012)

Factorization of compact wavelet matrices into primitive ones has been known for more than 20 years. This method makes it possible to generate wavelet matrix coefficients and also to specify them by their first row. Recently, a new parametrization of compact wavelet matrices of the same order and degree has been introduced by the last author. This method also enables us to fulfill the above mentioned tasks of matrix constructions. In the present paper, we briefly describe the corresponding algorithms based on two different methods, and numerically compare their performance
Intracellular killing of bacteria: isDictyosteliuma model macrophage or an alien? (2014)

Predation of bacteria by phagocytic cells was first developed during evolution by environmental amoebae. Many of the core mechanisms used by amoebae to sense, ingest and kill bacteria have also been conserved in specialized phagocytic cells in mammalian organisms. Here we focus on recent results revealing how Dictyostelium discoideum senses and kills non-pathogenic bacteria. In this model, genetic analysis of intracellular killing of bacteria has revealed a surprisingly complex array of specialized mechanisms. These results raise new questions on these processes, and challenge current models based largely on studies in mammalian phagocytes. In addition, recent studies suggest one additional level on complexity by revealing how Dictyostelium recognizes specifically various bacterial species and strains, and adapts its metabolism to process them. It remains to be seen to what extent mechanisms uncovered in Dictyostelium are also used in mammalian phagocytic cells.
Towards Fully Aqueous Ozone Wet Strip of 193 nm Photoresist Stack Using UV Pre-Treatments in Low-kPatterning Applications (2012)

All-wet processes are gaining a renewed interest for the removal of post-etch photoresist (PR) and Bottom Anti Reflective Coating (BARC) in the Back-End-Of-Line (BEOL) semiconductor manufacturing, as an alternative to plasma strip, which may cause damage to advanced porous low-k materials. However, degradation of DUV PR by etch plasmas results in a modified top layer that is cross-linked (so-called crust) and therefore not soluble anymore using pure organic solvents. This study investigates the combination of UV with ozonated processes to remove PR and BARC in BEOL applications. Treatment of PR and BARC by UV irradiation was proved to be an interesting process to increase the concentration of reactive C=C bonds in the post-etch PR and BARC layer. Another effect of UV irradiation is that it can cause scissioning of C–C bonds in the PR main chain, thereby improving the dissolution of the PR in solvents. This UV pre-treatment was used as a preliminary step to enhance PR and BARC removal by ozonated wet strips. Different pathways were studied in detail, leading to the development of a fully aqueous ozonated wet strip process.