gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Divalent and trivalent gas-phase coordination complexes of californium: evaluating the stability of Cf(ii) (2016)

The divalent oxidation state is increasingly stable relative to the trivalent state for the later actinide elements, with californium the first actinide to exhibit divalent chemistry under moderate conditions. Although there is evidence for divalent Cf in solution and solid compounds, there are no reports of discrete complexes in which Cf(II) is coordinated by anionic ligands. Described here is the divalent Cf methanesulfinate coordination complex, Cf(II)(CH3SO2)3(-), prepared in the gas phase by reductive elimination of CH3SO2 from Cf(III)(CH3SO2)4(-). Comparison with synthesis of the corresponding Sm and Cm complexes reveals reduction of Cf(III) and Sm(III), and no evidence for reduction of Cm(III). This reflects the comparative 3+/2+ reduction potentials: Cf(3+) (-1.60 V) ≈ Sm(3+) (-1.55 V) ≫ Cm(3+) (-3.7 V). Association of O2 to the divalent complexes is attributed to formation of superoxides, with recovery of the trivalent oxidation state. The new gas-phase chemistry of californium, now the heaviest element to have been studied in this manner, provides evidence for Cf(II) coordination complexes and similar chemistry of Cf and Sm.
Co‐Harvest Phase‐Change Enthalpy and Isomerization Energy for High‐Energy Heat Output by Controlling Crystallization of Alkyl‐Grafted Azobenzene Molecules (2023)

Photoisomerization‐induced phase change are important for co‐harvesting the latent heat and isomerization energy of azobenzene molecules. Chemically optimizing heat output and energy delivery at alternating temperatures are challenging because of the differences in crystallizability and isomerization. This article reports two series of asymmetrically alkyl‐grafted azobenzene (Azo‐g), with and without a methyl group, that have an optically triggered phase change. Three exothermic modes were designed to utilize crystallization enthalpy (∆ H c ) and photothermal (isomerization) energy (∆ H p ) at different temperatures determined by the crystallization. Azo‐g has high heat output (275–303 J g −1 ) by synchronously releasing ∆ H c and ∆ H p over a wide temperature range (−79 °C to 25 °C). We fabricated a new distributed energy utilization and delivery system to realize a temperature increase of 6.6 °C at a temperature of −8 °C. The findings offer insight into selective utilization of latent heat and isomerization energy by molecular optimization of crystallization and isomerization processes.
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Making Immunotherapy a Reality for the Treatment of Lung Cancer (2013)

Despite the limited success of immunotherapies in solid malignancy, two human cancers, melanoma and renal cancer, have, for many years, responded to systemic administration of immune-targeted biologics and showed signals of response to certain therapeutic vaccines. These findings underpinned a long-held perception that melanoma and renal cancer were uniquely "immunogenic" but that virtually all other human cancers were not and thus would not respond to immune modulation. That notion has now been shattered by the significant and durable responses in non-small cell lung cancer induced by therapeutic treatment with antibodies blocking the PD-1 checkpoint. The immunotherapy success in lung cancer thus provides a gateway to development of treatments for multiple cancer types that were previously believed not accessible to immune-based therapies.
Sindbis virus replicon-based DNA vaccine encoding Rabies virus glycoprotein elicits specific humoral and cellular immune response in dogs (2009)

A Sindbis virus (SINV) replicon-based DNA vaccine encoding Rabies virus (RABV) glycoprotein G developed previously (Saxena et al., Vaccine 26, 6592, 2008) was used for immunization of dogs against rabies. The intradermal injection of DNA vaccine into external ear generated protective level of virus neutralizing antibodies. The cellular immune response was specific to RABV, in particular by an increase in CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ lymphocytes. This study has demonstrated that the SINV replicon-based DNA vaccine encoding RABV G is capable of inducing the protective level of specific immune response in dogs.
Application of a helicopter mathematical model to the Langley differential maneuvering simulator for use in a helicopter/fighter evasive maneuver study (1976)

A real time simulation study was conducted using a differential maneuvering simulator to determine and evaluate helicopter evasive maneuvers when attacked by fighter aircraft. A general helicopter mathematical model was modified to represent an H-53 helicopter. The helicopter model was compared to H-53 flight test data to determine any differences between the simulated and actual vehicles. The simulated helicopter was also subjectively validated by participating pilots. Two fighter mathematical models validated in previous studies were utilized for the attacking aircraft. The results of this simulation study have been verified in a flight test program conducted by the U. S. Air Force and were found to closely match the flight results.
Selective Glycosylations with Deoxy Sugars (2017)

This chapter focuses on recent developments, mostly within the past 10 years, in the development of direct methods to construct 2-deoxy-sugar linkages. 2-Deoxy-sugars possess several characteristics that make their synthesis unique from and, at times more challenging than, classical oligosaccharide synthesis. In addition to the issues associated with deoxy-sugar stability, deoxy sugars tend to undergo nonselective glycosylations with alcohol nucleophiles in the absence of directing groups. One of the challenges in developing selective glycosylations with deoxy sugars is directly a result of their deoxygenation. While glycosyl halides are commonly used as donors for a variety of glycosidic linkages, the use of 2-deoxy-glycosyl halides is far more limited, owing in part to their lability. 2-Deoxy-glycosyl chlorides are the most stable species and have been used as intermediates in the synthesis of other glycosyl donors, such as glycosyl phosphonates. Reagent-controlled approaches have also been applied to the construction of α-linked deoxy sugars.
Towards Machine Learning-Based Auto-tuning of MapReduce (2013)

MapReduce, which is the de facto programming model for large-scale distributed data processing, and its most popular implementation Hadoop have enjoyed widespread adoption in industry during the past few years. Unfortunately, from a performance point of view getting the most out of Hadoop is still a big challenge due to the large number of configuration parameters. Currently these parameters are tuned manually by trial and error, which is ineffective due to the large parameter space and the complex interactions among the parameters. Even worse, the parameters have to be re-tuned for different MapReduce applications and clusters. To make the parameter tuning process more effective, in this paper we explore machine learning-based performance models that we use to auto-tune the configuration parameters. To this end, we first evaluate several machine learning models with diverse MapReduce applications and cluster configurations, and we show that support vector regression model (SVR) has good accuracy and is also computationally efficient. We further assess our auto-tuning approach, which uses the SVR performance model, against the Starfish auto tuner, which uses a cost-based performance model. Our findings reveal that our auto-tuning approach can provide comparable or in some cases better performance improvements than Starfish with a smaller number of parameters. Finally, we propose and discuss a complete and practical end-to-end auto-tuning flow that combines our machine learning-based performance models with smart search algorithms for the effective training of the models and the effective exploration of the parameter space.
Niemann-Pick Type C1 (NPC1) Overexpression Alters Cellular Cholesterol Homeostasis (2000)

The Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC1) protein is a key participant in intracellular trafficking of low density lipoprotein cholesterol, but its role in regulation of sterol homeostasis is not well understood. To characterize further the function of NPC1, we generated stable Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines overexpressing the human NPC1 protein (CHO/NPC1). NPC1 overexpression increases the rate of trafficking of low density lipoprotein cholesterol to the endoplasmic reticulum and the rate of delivery of endosomal cholesterol to the plasma membrane (PM). CHO/NPC1 cells exhibit a 1.5-fold increase in total cellular cholesterol and up to a 2.9-fold increase in PM cholesterol. This increase in PM cholesterol is closely paralleled by a 3-fold increase in de novo cholesterol synthesis. Inhibition of cholesterol synthesis results in marked redistribution of PM cholesterol to intracellular sites, suggesting an unsuspected role for NPC1 in internalization of PM cholesterol. Despite elevated total cellular cholesterol, CHO/NPC1 cells exhibit increased cholesterol synthesis, which may be attributable to both resistance to oxysterol suppression of sterol-regulated gene expression and to reduced endoplasmic reticulum cholesterol levels under basal conditions. Taken together, these studies provide important new insights into the role of NPC1 in the determination of the levels and distribution of cellular cholesterol.
Spatial exploration induces ARC, a plasticity‐related immediate‐early gene, only in calcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II‐positive principal excitatory and inhibitory neurons of the rat forebrain (2006)

Abstract Active behavior, such as exploring a novel environment, induces the expression of the immediate‐early gene Arc ( a ctivity‐ r egulated c ytoskeletal associated protein, or Arg 3.1) in many brain regions, including the hippocampus, neocortex, and striatum. Arc messenger ribonucleic acid and protein are localized in activated dendrites, and Arc protein is required for the maintenance of long‐term potentiation and memory consolidation. Although previous evidence suggests that Arc is expressed in neurons, there is no direct demonstration that only neurons can express Arc. Furthermore, there is no characterization of the main neuronal types that express Arc. The data reported here show that behavior‐ or seizure‐induced Arc expression in the hippocampus, primary somatosensory cortex, and dorsal striatum of rats colocalizes only with neuronal (NeuN‐positive) and not with glial (GFAP‐positive) cells. Furthermore, Arc was found exclusively in non‐GABAergic α‐ CaMKII ‐positive hippocampal and neocortical neurons of rats that had explored a novel environment. Some GAD65/67 ‐positive neurons in these regions were observed to express Arc , but only after a very strong stimulus (electroconvulsive seizure). In the dorsal striatum, spatial exploration induced Arc only in GABA ergic and α‐ CaMKII ‐positive neurons. Combined, these results show that although a very strong stimulus (seizure) can induce Arc in a variety of neurons, behavior induces Arc in the CaMKII ‐positive principal neurons of the hippocampus, neocortex, and dorsal striatum. These results, coupled with recent in vitro findings of interactions between Arc and CaMKII, are consistent with the hypothesis that Arc and CaMKII act as plasticity partners to promote functional and/or structural synaptic modifications that accompany learning. J. Comp. Neurol. 498:317–329, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phenotype expression of human bone cells cultured on implant substrates (1997)

Bone cells derived from the human jaw were cultured on titanium, titanium coated with hydroxyapatite (THA) or with plasma spray (TPS) to study the behaviour of the cells anchored to implant substrates. Bone cells were cultured in MEM with the addition of [3H]-thymidine to evaluate cellular proliferation, and [3H]-glucosamine to evaluate GAG synthesis and accumulation in the extra-cellular matrix (ECM). Moreover, to study the degradation of GAG bone cells were cultured in the presence of NH4Cl, an amine known to inhibit lysosomal activity. Our results show that TPS is the substrate that favours both cellular proliferation and the accumulation of GAG in the ECM.
Combination of adaptive filtering and spectral subtraction for noise removal (2002)

Adaptive noise cancelling and spectral subtraction are well-known methods for removing noise from a noise-corrupted speech. The scheme proposed in this paper combines both techniques in order to obtain large gains in the SNR at a reasonable low computational cost, The architecture of the canceller is based on a two-microphone scheme (noisy speech microphone or primary and environment noise microphone or reference). There are two main blocks to be considered: an adaptive lattice-ladder filter (ALLF) with an associated control automaton and a speech segmentation unit, and a two-channel spectral subtractor working with the residual signals from the ALLF.
Comparison of model and non-model based friction compensation techniques in the neighbourhood of pre-sliding friction (2004)

This paper compares two different friction compensation techniques on a machine tool table: a friction model based feedforward technique and a disturbance observer which does not depend on a friction model. For the first technique, the performance of different friction models proposed in literature is compared. The disturbance observer estimates the friction force using a Kalman filter with a second order random walk model. Both approaches are complementary, yielding that their combination results in accurate tracking performance if the novel generalized Maxwell-slip friction model is used.
AIR LAW 1972-2022 (1973)

The article states that the future evolution of air law will remain dependant on developments in aeronautical technology and in the society that technology serves. Due to the impact of internationally prepared rules on domestic air law, it focuses on international air law. Regarding the public law, it considers The Convention on International Civil Aviation and Related Problems, international criminal law, the powers and duties of aircraft commanders and commercial rights in international air transport. Regarding private law, it focuses on liability for the international carriage of passengers, baggage and cargo, liability for damage caused by foreign aircraft to third parties on the surface, aerial collisions, liability of air traffic control agencies, a possible unified convention and international recognition of rights in aircraft.
Higher Education: Some Key Issues (1998)

In this introduction to the Policy Forum, some key issues in relation to proposed reform of the funding of higher education are outlined.
THE STERIC STRUCTURE OF ESTRIOL AND RELATED STEROIDS (1947)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE STERIC STRUCTURE OF ESTRIOL AND RELATED STEROIDSMax N. Huffman and Mary Harriet LottCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1947, 69, 7, 1835Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1947Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1947https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01199a509Request reuse permissionsArticle Views48Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (146 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Heat spreading packaging solutions for hybrid bonded 3D-ICs (2016)

Direct hybrid bonding is considered as one of the most promising technologies for high performance 3D-ICs. Its face-to-face structure allows significant inter-connexion capabilities. Nonetheless, it also implies increased thermal densities that will be reflected in both die tiers due to the lack of insulating barriers. This work investigates the thermal interactions between two hybrid bonded dice for different case scenarios. A specific test vehicle comprising heaters and temperature sensors have been designed. Packaging variables such as silicon thickness, substrate thermal design or TIM conductivity and thickness are studied.
Detection of p-Ethylphenol, a Major Plant Volatile Organic Compound, by Tyrosinase-Based Electrochemical Biosensor (2016)

Volatile organic compounds released by plants and fruits have been suggested as indicators of biotic stress in plants or fruits due to pathogen (phytobacteria, fungi and phytoviruses) infection. Among the hundreds of volatile organic compounds, p-ethylphenol has been reported as one of the most important volatile organic compounds released by strawberries upon infestation or pathogen infection. Detection of these compounds in a highly selective manner would help in the identification of infected fruits. Here, a novel enzymatic biosensor made of tyrosinase-modified carbon nanotube (CNT) electrode has been developed for the detection of p-ethylphenol. Cyclic voltammetry and constant potential amperometry were used for p-ethylphenol detection. High sensitivity of 4.0 ± 0.5 μA·cm−2·μM−1 with measurement range of 0–100 μM (R2 = 0.9956) was achieved by constant potential amperometry for the detection of p-ethylphenol. Limit of detection and limit of quantification were determined as 0.10 ± 0.02 μM and 0.29 ± 0.07 μM respectively. Stability studies showed satisfactory performance of the biosensor for one time disposable use. The biosensor experienced very little interference from other compounds typically present in strawberries volatile signature. The studies using synthetic analyte revealed that the biosensor could be reliably used for p-ethylphenol detection in practical applications.
Traffic sensitive active queue management (2005)

Delay sensitive applications, such as voice over IP and network games, often sacrifice throughput for lower delay to obtain better quality. Unfortunately, the Internet does not allow an application to choose the amount of delay or throughput it receives and instead packets from all applications receive the same best-effort service. This paper presents a new QoS mechanism called the traffic sensitive quality of service controller (TSQ) that provides better delay performance for delay sensitive applications and higher throughput for throughput sensitive applications. Also contributed are quality metrics for some typical Internet applications that can be used by an application to adapt its delay hints and evaluate QoS based on current Internet traffic conditions. Experiments suggest TSQ's benefits to performance along with retention of the current best-effort Internet environment without complicated traffic monitoring or policing.
Fusarium Mycotoxins in Swiss Wheat: A Survey of Growers’ Samples between 2007 and 2014 Shows Strong Year and Minor Geographic Effects (2017)

To assess the occurrence of <i>Fusarium</i> toxins in wheat in Switzerland, an eight-year survey was conducted by analysing a total of 686 harvest samples from growers using LC-MS/MS. Between 2007 and 2010, 527 samples were obtained from 17 cantons. Between 2011 and 2014, 159 samples were collected from the canton Berne. The most frequent toxins detected were deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEA) and nivalenol (NIV). The overall mean DON content in all samples was 607 µg/kg, and 11% exceeded the European limit for unprocessed cereals for foodstuffs (1250 µg/kg). For ZEA (mean 39 µg/kg), 7% exceeded the respective limit (100 µg/kg), and the mean content of NIV (no limit established) was 15 µg/kg. Between the years, the ratio of mycotoxin-contaminated samples ranged between 52% and 98% for DON, 9% and 43% for ZEA and 0% and 49% for NIV. The yearly mean contents varied substantially between 68 and 1310 µg/kg for DON, 5 and 56 µg/kg for ZEA and 6 and 29 µg/kg for NIV. The geographic origin showed a significant effect on DON and ZEA contamination, but was inconsistent between the years. This study has shown that the majority of Swiss-produced wheat is, in terms of <i>Fusarium</i> toxins, fit for human consumption and feed purposes. Nevertheless, depending on the year, high toxin contents can be expected, an issue that growers, cereal collection centres and the food industry have to deal with to ensure food and feed safety.
A Furosemide-Sensitive Cotransport of Sodium plus Potassium in the Human Red Cell (1974)

The influxes of Na(+) and K(+) into the human red cell appear to be interrelated. This relationship was investigated under conditions in which either Na(+) or K(+) concentration outside the cell was varied or one cation was replaced by Mg(2+), choline(+), or Li(+). The effects of furosemide on Na(+) and K(+) movements were studied in the presence of ouabain. When ouabain was present, Na(+) influx was higher with K(+) ions externally than with other cations externally. Furosemide inhibited this K(+)-stimulated Na(+) influx, but it had little effect when K(+) was absent. Ouabain-insensitive K(+) influx was stimulated two-fold by external Na(+) compared with other cations. Furosemide also inhibited this stimulation, but it had little effect when Mg(2+) or choline(+) replaced external Na(+). Thus it was confirmed that synergism exists between the ouabain-insensitive influxes of Na(+) and K(+) and it was demostrated that furosemide inhibits this cooperative effect. The ouabain-insensitive influx of both K(+) and Na(+) showed a hyperbolic "saturating" dependence on the external concentration of the transported cation. Furosemide therefore eliminates a saturable component of influx of each cation. The net uptake of Na(+) in the presence of ouabain was stimulated by K(+) ions. A similar effect was observed with red cells, in which Li(+) replaced nearly all the internal Na(+) plus K(+) ions. In these cells, net Na(+) uptake was stimulated by external K(+), and net K(+) uptake was stimulated by external Na(+). Furosemide inhibited this mutual stimulation of net cation entries. The inhibitory action of furosemide was not limited to inward flux and net movement of Na(+) and K(+). Furosemide also inhibited the efflux of Na(+) into Na(+)-free media and the efflux of K(+) into K(+)-free media. It appeared, therefore, that the action of furosemide was not explained by inhibition of exchange diffusion. These data are consistent with an ouabain-insensitive transport process that facilitates the inward cotransport of Na(+) plus K(+)-ions, and that can produce a net movement of both ions. Although this process under some conditions mediates an equal bidirectional flux of both Na(+) and K(+), it cannot be defined as exchange diffusion. The contransport process is inhibited by furosemide.