gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exploiting cyclostationary subscriber-loop interference by equalization (2002)

Equalization in cyclostationary interference, a situation that occurs in communication systems where neighboring channels carry digital data at similar symbol rates and in which the interference is composed of a few dominant or phase-aligned interferers, is discussed. A minimum-mean-square performance bound is derived for a continuous-time infinite-length decision-feedback equalizer in the presence of multiple cyclostationary interferers and additive white noise. This bound is evaluated in a subscriber-loop system example to show the performance improvements that can occur over the situation in which the interference is stationary, but has the same mean power spectrum as the cyclostationary interferers. These results show two important techniques which can provide opportunities for improved equalizer performance in cyclostationary interference: decreasing the misalignment of the phases of the transceiver clocks at the central office and using transmitter-pulse bandwidths which are wide relative to the symbol rate.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Using cryo-electron tomography to elucidate the structural basis of the endosomal K+ requirement during Bunyavirus entry (2019)

The Bunyavirales order are the largest group of negative stranded RNA viruses, infecting humans as well as a bewildering array of animals and plants, in which select members cause severe or fatal disease. To enter host cells, bunyaviruses undergo endosomal transport to specific cellular destinations and exploit the changing environment of maturing endocytic vesicles to mediate genome release. Several virus-endosome fusion triggers have previously been identified, including endosomal potassium (K+) recently identified by our group. Specifically, we demonstrated a role for K+ channels and endosomal K+ concentration ([K+]) in the ‘priming’ of virions for fusion and uncoating events. Interestingly for Bunyamwera virus (BUNV), both a reduced pH and elevated [K+] were required to permit endosomal escape of the virus. To understand the molecular basis for this requirement we have used cryo-electron tomography to study the changes in virion structure upon K+ and pH treatment. These studies reveal why endosomal [K+] and K+ channels are required for bunyavirus entry, highlighting the potential of K+channels as druggable anti-viral targets.
Rational respiratory therapy of newborns. (1987)

Measurement of the effect of therapy is a principle in the provision of all care, including respiratory therapy of newborns. Crucial to such measurement are guidelines of respiratory therapy services. The author offers a method for establishment of these guidelines, as well as a literature review of the outcomes of infants who required respiratory care.
Factor XI Deficiency Confers a Survival Advantage in a Murine Sepsis Model. (2006)

Abstract Bacterial sepsis is frequently accompanied by intravascular activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis, resulting in a coagulopathy with thrombotic, hemorrhagic, and inflammatory components (disseminated intravascular coagulation - DIC) that contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality. Recently, using vascular occlusion models, the plasma coagulation protease factor XI (FXI) has been shown to contribute to pathologic thrombus formation in primates, mice, and rabbits. These results are supported by epidemiologic studies in human populations that show an association between elevated plasma FXI levels and an increased risk for venous and arterial thrombosis. FXI has also been shown to contribute to the lethal consumptive coagulopathy in protein C deficient mice. To investigate the contribution of FXI to consumptive coagulopathy and mortality in sepsis, we compared wild type (WT) and FXI deficient (FXI−/−) mice in models of polymicrobial sepsis and endotoxemia. Polymicrobial sepsis was induced in WT and FXI−/− C57Bl/6 mice (n = 24 for each genotype) using an established model of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Overall survival was 21% for WT and 42% for FXI−/− mice (p &amp;lt; 0.01), with WT deaths occurring between days 2 and 4, and FXI−/− deaths between days 3 and 6. Average survival for mice succumbing to sepsis was 55 ± 10 hr for WT, and 88 ± 22 hr in FXI−/− mice (p &amp;lt; 0.01). 24 hrs after CLP, platelet count in WT and FXI−/− animals decreased 27 ± 13% and 13 ± 12% (p = 0.05), and leukocyte counts decreased by 64 ± 13% and 40 ± 23% (p &amp;lt; 0.01), respectively. Fibrinogen levels 24 hours post-CLP decreased slightly in WT mice (37 ± 34% from baseline), while increasing 212 % ± 74% in FXI−/− mice (p &amp;lt; 0.01). Mice were also challenged with intraperitoneal Escherichia coli endotoxin. Mortality 24 hrs after endotoxin administration was identical for WT and FXI−/− mice (n =15 for each dose) at doses of 50 mg/kg (mortality 80%) and 25 mg/kg (mortality 70%). Twelve hours after administering 25 mg/kg endotoxin, the mean platelet counts in WT animals decreased by an average of 60% (from 440 ± 159/mm3 at baseline to 175 ± 77/mm3, n = 10), and by 36% in FXI−/− animals (from 474 ± 218/mm3 to 303 ± 100/mm3). In summary, prognosis was better for FXI−/− mice in CLP-induced sepsis compared to WT mice, and the CLP and endotoxin data indicate that consumptive coagulopathy is less severe in the absence of FXI. The results suggest that therapeutic inhibition of FXIa activity could be beneficial in treating sepsis-related DIC. Humans with severe congenital FXI deficiency typically have, at most, a mild trauma-induced bleeding disorder. It is possible, therefore, that inhibition of FXIa in DIC may be associated with a lower risk of exacerbating bleeding when compared to anticoagulant therapies such as heparin or activated protein C.
Unified Recurrence Modeling for Video Action Anticipation (2022)

Forecasting future events based on evidence of current conditions is an innate skill of human beings, and key for predicting the outcome of any decision making. In artificial vision for example, we would like to predict the next human action before it happens, without observing the future video frames associated to it. Computer vision models for action anticipation are expected to collect the subtle evidence in the preamble of the target actions. In prior studies recurrence modeling often leads to better performance, the strong temporal inference is assumed to be a key element for reasonable prediction. To this end, we propose a unified recurrence modeling for video action anticipation via message passing framework. The information flow in space-time can be described by the interaction between vertices and edges, and the changes of vertices for each incoming frame reflects the underlying dynamics. Our model leverages self-attention as the building blocks for each of the message passing functions. In addition, we introduce different edge learning strategies that can be end-to-end optimized to gain better flexibility for the connectivity between vertices. Our experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method outperforms previous works on the large-scale EPIC-Kitchen dataset.
ChemInform Abstract: Glycerol: A Solvent and a Building Block of Choice for Microwave and Ultrasound Irradiation Procedures (2014)

Abstract Review: 35 refs.
A novel digital control for DC/DC converters to improve steady-state performances (2006)

This paper describes an innovative digital PWM control implementation for low voltage, high current DC-DC converters. The proposed technique, based on the use of a low resolution DAC, improves steady-state performances, minimizing limit cycle effects. The novel technique is tested on a FPGA-based single phase buck converter operating at 250 kHz. A detailed description of the proposed architecture is given and test results, simulation and experimental ones, are shown
Determination of the anisotropic shear stiffness of an unsaturated decomposed soil (2008)

The shear modulus at very small strains (0·001% or less), G 0 , is one of the most important parameters for predicting ground movements and dynamic responses of many engineering earth structures. With advances in the use of bender elements for soil testing, anisotropic shear moduli G 0(ij) can now be evaluated by measuring the velocities of shear waves propagating in a soil specimen in different planes and polarisations. This leads to the determination of the stiffness anisotropy at very small strains. While almost all previous studies of anisotropic soil stiffness have been conducted with saturated soils, experimental results from unsaturated soils have rarely been reported in the literature. A new computer-controlled triaxial apparatus equipped with three pairs of bender elements was developed to measure shear wave velocities and hence to investigate the degree of stiffness anisotropy of recompacted completely decomposed tuff (CDT) under both saturated and unsaturated conditions. The axis-translation technique was applied to control matric suction. New state-dependent equations describing aniso-tropic moduli of unsaturated soil were derived and verified by experimental results. Based on the derived equations and measurements, it was possible to identify that there was an inherent shear stiffness anisotropy of about 1·03–1·04, due to sample preparation by moist tamping, for isotropic net mean stress varying from 110 to 400 kPa. When suction was increased from 0 kPa to the air-entry value of 50 kPa, suction-induced anisotropy in terms of the shear stiffness ratio, G 0(hh) /G 0(hv) , ranged from about 1·06 to 1·09 for isotropic net mean stress varying from 110 to 500 kPa. No further significant increase in suction-induced stiffness anisotropy was observed at suctions higher than the air-entry value.
Multigrid contact detection method (2007)

Contact detection is a general problem of many physical simulations. This work presents a O(N) multigrid method for general contact detection problems (MGCD). The multigrid idea is integrated with contact detection problems. Both the time complexity and memory consumption of the MGCD are O(N). Unlike other methods, whose efficiencies are influenced strongly by the object size distribution, the performance of MGCD is insensitive to the object size distribution. We compare the MGCD with the no binary search (NBS) method and the multilevel boxing method in three dimensions for both time complexity and memory consumption. For objects with similar size, the MGCD is as good as the NBS method, both of which outperform the multilevel boxing method regarding memory consumption. For objects with diverse size, the MGCD outperform both the NBS method and the multilevel boxing method. We use the MGCD to solve the contact detection problem for a granular simulation system based on the discrete element method. From this granular simulation, we get the density property of monosize packing and binary packing with size ratio equal to 10. The packing density for monosize particles is 0.636. For binary packing with size ratio equal to 10, when the number of small particles is 300 times as the number of big particles, the maximal packing density 0.824 is achieved.
Spherical ESPRIT-based 2-D direction finding with different distributions of a spherical array antenna (2009)

Some of the basic applications to benefit from the omni-directional beam steering capabilities of spherical array antennas are to be found in LEO satellite communications. Various direction finding methods can be applied using a spherical array antenna in order to estimate the direction of a signal and locate the satellite. The spherical ESPRIT algorithm is one of the main DOA estimation algorithms used with spherical arrays. It is based on the spherical phase mode excitation and it can estimate the elevation and azimuth direction angles of a wave incident on the spherical array. In this paper, the spherical ESPRIT algorithm is applied to three different distributions of a spherical array antenna (t-design distribution, the Leopardi's algorithm distribution and the spiral distribution), demonstrating low computational complexity. The simulated ESPRIT performances for the three distributions are presented, compared and discussed.
Influence of dielectric layers on performance of transmission mode frequency selective surface based linear to circular polarization transformers (2020)

Abstract In this article, we investigate the electromagnetic behavior of freestanding and dielectric embedded frequency selective surface (FSS) based linear to circular polarization convertors. The two structures were designed to operate in transmission mode at normal incidence and yield the lowest value for axial ratio (AR) at frequencies around 10 GHz. In addition to providing mechanical robustness, a 72% increase in the 3 dB AR bandwidth (BW) is achieved when the 140‐μm thick perforated FSS sheet is inserted between two 5‐mm thick polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) slabs. At oblique incidence a downward shift in frequency is observed, however the BW is still significantly larger than the results obtained for the freestanding periodic array within a field of view of ±30° in the cardinal planes. Spectral transmission measurements presented for both anisotropic media verify the simulated results.
A new approach of a shape-optimized piezoelectric MEMS generator for fluid-actuated energy scavenging (2011)

In this paper a new approach of a shape-optimized piezoelectric MEMS generator for fluid-actuated energy scavenging is presented. Different energy scavenging scenarios are introduced. Depending on the specific load scenario optimum piezoelectric cantilever shapes are investigated. A point load at the free-end of a cantilever requires a triangular cantilever shape. Compared to a classical rectangular shape the electrical area energy density is three times larger. A maximum area energy density value of 35 nJ/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> is measured for the triangular cantilever shapes. A uniform load as occurring for fluid-actuated energy harvesting calls for a triangular-curved cantilever shape and is also superior to classical geometries.
Illusory Tactile Texture Modulation on a Finger through a Frame (2021)

We previously proposed the method to induce illusory tactile texture modulation for an object’s surface touched by the palm with a simple setup. In the method, the thin frame having a hole is sandwiched and rotated between an arbitrary object and palm. This study examined the applicability of the method to the interface between the finger pad and objects: the effect of hole size and movement type of the frame on the illusory modulation was investigated. The psychophysical experiment showed that 12-14mm holes and back-and-forth motion of the frame induced the strongest illusory tactile texture modulation for the finger pad.
Solar Light Absorption Property of Sputtered Al–N Films with Enhanced Surface Roughness during Film Growth (2002)

Al–N films are formed on a glass substrate by rf sputtering using Ar and N2 gas mixture. The concentration of partial N2 gas pressure (cN2) is changed from 0.0%N2 to 16.0%N2. Optical properties are measured in the wavelength range of 0.24 to 2.60 µm. When cN2 is varied at the same film thickness, the specimen with 7.3%N2 shows the highest solar energy absorptance (α) for the air mass one. Then, as the film becomes thicker at this cN2, α increases to 0.95, which is a promising characteristic for application as a solar absorber coating. It is also observed by atomic force microscopy that the surface roughness is enhanced as the film becomes thicker. The essential reason for the high value of α is the antireflection effect due to the gradient-refractive index caused by the enhanced surface roughness during film growth.
Anomalous Structure−Activity Relationships of 13-homo-13-Oxarotenoids and 13-homo-13-Oxadehydrorotenoids (1997)

Cube resin, used as an insecticide/miticide and piscicide, contains in decreasing amounts rotenone (1), deguelin (2), the 6a,12a-dehydro derivatives of rotenone (3) and deguelin (4), and the newly-discovered 13-homo-13-oxa-6a,12a-dehydro analogs [referred to as oxadehydrorotenone (5) and -deguelin (6)]. These six rotenoids were compared for potency as inhibitors of NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase activity and for organismal toxicity to mosquito larvae, goldfish, and mice and cytotoxicity in three mammalian cell lines (Hepa 1C1C7, MCF 7, and NB 41A3). Although rotenoids 3-6 contribute very little to the overall activity of cube resin, there were two surprising aspects to the structure-activity relationships. First, 1 was 7-15-fold more active than 2 in the cytotoxicity assays of 4-day duration but not in the other systems. This difference in cytotoxicity is not due to specificity at the oxidoreductase target but instead to more extensive cytochrome P450-dependent (piperonyl butoxide-sensitive) detoxification of 2 than of 1. Second, the observed potency increase on conversion of dehydrorotenone to either rotenone or oxadehydrorotenone suggests that combining both structural changes to form cis-13-homo-13-oxarotenone (8) might result in maximal activity. Accordingly, 5 was reduced with diisobutylaluminum hydride to the trans-isomer 7 and then epimerized with aqueous pyridine to the cis-isomer 8 of the same configuration as 1. Surprisingly, 8 was much less active than 1. This is rationalized on the basis of conformational changes in the B/C ring system and decreasing dihedral angle (determined by X-ray crystallography and/or molecular modeling) between the A and D rings that follow the potency order, i.e., rotenoids 1 and 2 > oxadehydrorotenoids 5 and 6 > trans- and cis-oxarotenoids 7 and 8 > dehydrorotenoids 3 and 4. Thus, the novel oxarotenoids and oxadehydrorotenoids help define the conformation optimal for NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase inhibition and toxicity.
Inhibition of SKOV-3 ovarian cancer cell proliferation by a C-terminal p21 fragment attached to thermally responsive Bac-7-ELP1 (2008)

4909 Current treatment of solid tumors is limited by normal tissue tolerance and inherent tumor radio or chemo-resistance, resulting in a narrow therapeutic index. To overcome some of these limitations, it is necessary to consider alternative targeted therapeutic approaches for localized tumors that increase the specificity and efficacy and reduce the cytotoxicity in normal tissues.  In order to minimize nonspecific toxicity, we developed thermally responsive polypeptide inhibitors of the cell cycle, which can be targeted to the tumor site by applying local hyperthermia and inhibit proliferation of cancer cells. The design of this thermally responsive polypeptide is based on elastin-like polypeptide (ELP), which is soluble in aqueous solution below physiological temperature 37 °C, but aggregates when the temperature is raised above 41 °C.  Uptake of therapeutic macromolecules such as ELP into live eukaryotic cells is hindered by the lipophilic nature of the plasma membrane. One approach for delivering macromolecules or proteins into the target cells is to couple them to cell penetrating peptides (CPP). Therefore, we used a small CPP, Bac-7, fused to the thermally responsive elastin like polypeptide (ELP). The coding sequence for ELP was also modified by the addition of a small therapeutic peptide derived from p21, which acts as a cyclin-CDK inhibitor. The designed polypeptide (Bac-ELP1-p21) was then expressed and purified from E. coli .  While 1 hour incubation with Bac-ELP1-p21 at 37 o C did not have any effect on SKOV-3 cell proliferation, use of hyperthermia inhibited the total cell number and cell proliferation rate by 80%. 24 hours after cell treatment, Bac-ELP1-p21 displayed a nuclear distribution and induced temperature dependent caspase activation. Cell cycle analysis revealed S and G2/M phase accumulation at the expense of G1 phase in cells treated at 42 o C as compared to 37 o C. Cell cycle inhibition was accompanied by a decrease in Rb phosphorylation levels in cells treated at 42 o C as compared to treatment at 37 o C, as confirmed by Western blot. In summary, we have shown that Bac-ELP1-p21 inhibits cell proliferation in response to hyperthermia, indicating that it has great potential as a thermally responsive targeted therapeutic.
A TabNet - Based System for Water Quality Prediction in Aquaculture (2022)

In the context of the evolution of automation and intelligence, deep learning and machine learning algorithms have been widely applied in aquaculture in recent years, providing new opportunities for the digital realization of aquaculture. Especially, water quality management deserves attention thanks to its importance to food organisms. In this study, we proposed an end-to-end deep learning-based TabNet model for water quality prediction. From major indexes of water quality assessment, we applied novel deep learning techniques and machine learning algorithms in innovative fish aquaculture to predict the number of water cells counting. Furthermore, the application of deep learning in aquaculture is outlined, and the obtained results are analyzed. The experiment on in-house data showed an optimistic impact on the application of artificial intelligence in aquaculture, helping to reduce costs and time and increase efficiency in the farming process.
High-contrast Brillouin microscopy for noncontact subcellular biomechanical imaging (Conference Presentation) (2018)

Spontaneous Brillouin scattering is an inelastic scattering process arising from inherent thermal density fluctuations, or acoustic phonons, propagating in a medium. The recent development of high throughput efficiency Virtually Imaged Phased Array (VIPA) etalons and high sensitivity CCD cameras has dramatically reduced the data acquisition time, in turn enabling the extension of Brillouin spectroscopy from a point sampling technique to an imaging modality. Hitherto Brillouin microscopy has shown great capabilities to non-invasively assess the biomechanics in the volume of biological samples, such as the lens cornea, atherosclerotic plaques and cells. Spectral contrast is key to optically probe biological systems, where the elastic Rayleigh scattering and specular reflection are orders of magnitude greater than the Brillouin signal. In VIPA spectrometers, the elastic background light introduces crosstalk signals that overwhelms the weak Brillouin peaks, thus impeding the acquisition of biomechanical images. One method to increase the contrast is to add more etalons in tandem and crossed with respect to each other. Nevertheless, this comes at the cost of a reduced throughput efficiency and a significantly increase system complexity. Here we demonstrate a method to increase the contrast by more than 30dB respect to standard VIPA spectrometers without the requirement of any additional optical or dispersive components. Our method was demonstrated by acquiring Brillouin images of single cells at a sub-micron spatial resolution, where the biomechanical properties of individual cellular structures were investigated.