gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
TRACKING CONTROL AND STABILIZATION OF A FRACTIONAL FINANCIAL RISK SYSTEM USING NOVEL ACTIVE FINITE-TIME FAULT-TOLERANT CONTROLS (2021)

This paper introduces a fractional-order financial risk system for the first time. Employing well-known tools and analyses such as bifurcations diagrams and spectral entropy, the dynamical behaviors of the system associated with fractional derivative are investigated. The impacts of the fractional derivative on the system’s behavior and its dynamical feature are shown. Then, tracking control and stabilization of the systems are studied. As it is obvious, the existence of faults and failures in the process of control of financial and economic systems is undeniable — this issue necessitates applying proper control techniques for the systems. So as to achieve appropriate results in the control of fractional financial risk system, two finite-time fault-tolerant controllers are proposed, namely, finite-time active fault-tolerant control and finite-time passive fault-tolerant control. Not only do these techniques force the system to reach desired values in finite time, but also, the proposed techniques are robust against uncertainties, faults, and failures in actuators. Through finite-time observers, the effects of all uncertainties are taken to account in the active controller. Finally, numerical simulations of tracking control and stabilization are presented. For numerical simulations, the fractional financial risk system is considered to be in the presence of unknown disturbance as well as faults and failures in actuators. It is assumed that the system is in the presence of various types of actuator faults. Numerical results affirm the ability of the offered control techniques for pushing the states of the fractional-order risk system to the desired value in a short period of time.
A potential therapeutic role for small nonpeptidyl compounds that mimic human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (2003)

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) stimulates the proliferation of bone marrow granulocytic progenitor cells and promotes their differentiation into granulocytes. G-CSF is therefore an important component of immune defense against pathogenic microorganisms: recombinant human G-CSF (rhG-CSF) is used to treat patients with a variety of neutropenias. In the present study, we screened approximately 10 000 small nonpeptidyl compounds and found 3 small compounds that mimic G-CSF in several in vitro and in vivo assays. These compounds induced G-CSF-dependent proliferation, but had no effect on interleukin-3-dependent, interleukin-2-dependent, interleukin-10-dependent, thrombopoietin (TPO)-dependent, or erythropoietin (EPO)-dependent proliferation. Each compound induced the phosphorylation of signal transducers and activators of transcription-3 (STAT3) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in a G-CSF-dependent cell line and in human neutrophils. In addition, these compounds induced hematopoietic colony formation from primary rat bone marrow cells in vitro. When subcutaneously injected into normal rats, they caused an increase in peripheral blood neutrophil counts. Furthermore, when they were administered to cyclophosphamide-induced neutropenic rats, blood neutrophil levels increased and remained elevated up to day 8. We therefore suggest that these small nonpeptidyl compounds mimic the activity of G-CSF and may be useful in the treatment of neutropenic patients.
Bilateral deafness two days following influenza vaccination: a case report (2018)

This patient appears to be the first reported case of bilateral deafness following a trivalent seasonal influenza vaccination.
Advanced concepts of microwave generation and control in solids (1976)

Research was conducted on Gunn effect oscillators and diodes. Further computer studies of GaAs devices in realistic microwave circuits were carried out. The main effort was to evaluate the effect of partial domain formation. The effects of average and gradient heating on the efficiency and switching voltage in epitaxial GaAs Gunn diodes was also examined. Research was conducted on avalanche diodes (IMPATT). ARP mode oscillator experiments and detailed studies of degenerate and quasi-degenerate amplification are discussed. Schottky barrier avalanche diodes have been made which oscillate in the Ku-band better than diodes made by diffusion on the same wafer. Experimental verification of a modified McIntyre avalanche noise theory was performed on extremely uniform vacuum diffused silicon diodes. Work has continued on the growth of high-quality epitaxial gallium arsenide for Gunn-effect applications. Improvements in the sputtering and contacting procedures of silicon and work on ion implantation are described. Progress to date on construction and operation of a microstrip circuit fabrication facility is reported. (Author)
Excellent Promoting Effect of Ba Addition on the Catalytic Activity of Ir/WO3–SiO2 for the Selective Reduction of NO with CO (2006)

Abstract The catalytic performance of Ba-doped Ir/WO3–SiO2 for the selective reduction of NO with CO in an oxidizing atmosphere was investigated. The NO reduction activity and durability of the Ir/WO3–SiO2 catalyst were drastically improved by the addition of Ba. Ba played an important role to stabilize the catalytically active Ir–WOx (x &amp;lt; 3) sites of Ir/WO3–SiO2 during the reaction.
Rising incidence, progression and changing patterns of liver disease in Wales 1999-2019 (2023)

A 10 fold increase in NAFLD incidence is driving a 3.6 fold increase in liver disease in Wales over 21 years. Liver-related morbidity and mortality rose more slowly reflecting the lower progression rate in NAFLD. Incidence of ArLD remained stable but was associated with the highest rates of liver-related and all-cause mortality.
Flavonoids from Acacia pennata and their Cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2) Inhibitory Activities (2007)

Two new flavonoids quercetin 4'-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-3-O-beta-D-allopyranoside (1) and apigenin 6-C-[2''-O-(E)-feruloyl- beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-8-C-beta-glucopyranoside (2), along with the known isorhamnetin 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside (3), kaempferol 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (4), and isovitexin (5) were isolated from the leaves of Acacia pennata Willd. (Mimosaceae) and tested for their anti-inflammatory activity. Their structures were determined by 1D and 2D NMR and mass spectrometry. They were tested for an inhibitory effect on COX-1 and COX-2, showing 60-90% inhibition at 10(-4) g/mL and 5-14% inhibition at 10(-4) g/mL, respectively.
A 3D printable device allowing fast and reproducible longitudinal preparation of mouse intestines (2021)

Abstract Accurate and reproducible analysis of mouse small and large intestinal lumen is key for research involving intestinal pathology in preclinical models. Currently, there is no easily accessible, standardized method that allows researchers of different skill levels to consistently dissect intestines in a time-efficient manner. Here, we describe the design and use of the 3D printed “Mouse Intestinal Slicing Tool” (MIST), which can be used to longitudinally prepare murine intestines for further analysis. We benchmarked the MIST against a commonly used procedure involving scissors to make a longitudinal cut along the intestines. Use of the MIST halved the time per mouse to prepare the intestines and outperformed alternative methods in smoothness of the cutting edge and general reproducibility. By sharing the plans for printing the MIST, we hope to contribute a uniformly applicable method for saving time and increasing consistency in studies of the mouse gastrointestinal tract.
Adenosylcobalamin and cob(II)alamin as prosthetic groups of 2‐methyleneglutarate mutase from Clostridium barkeri (1992)

The ultraviolet/visible spectrum of the pure pink-orange 2-methyleneglutarate mutase from Clostridium barkeri between 300-600 nm showed the presence of cobalamins; notably the peaks at 470 and 528 nm were indicative of oxygen-stable cob(II)alamin and adenosylcobalamin (coenzyme B12), respectively. Using the absorption coefficients of the isosbestic points at 340, 393 and 489 nm, the total cobalamin content was estimated as 3.7 +/- 0.3 mol/mol tetrameric enzyme (m = 300 kDa). Denaturation with 8 M urea in the presence of 2 mM dithiothreitol followed by gel chromatography and renaturation afforded an inactive enzyme which contained 40-50% of the initially bound cobalamin. This preparation could be reactivated to 95-100% by addition of adenosylcobalamin. The cobalamins were removed to 85% from the mutase by denaturation with 8 M urea in the presence of 1 M cyanide (pH 12) with irreversible loss of activity. 2-Methyleneglutarate mutase was inactivated by incubation with aquo-, cyano- or methylcobalamin; up to 50% of the activity was recovered by addition of adenosylcobalamin. Upon incubation of the mutase with [5'-3H]adenosylcobalamin about 30% of the total cobalamin was exchanged by the tritium-labelled cofactor without loss of activity. During aerobic catalysis the enzyme became sensitive towards oxygen which was accompanied by loss of activity and formation of aquocobalamin from adenosylcobalamin. EPR spectroscopy demonstrated the presence of 0.8 mol base-on cob(II)alamin/mol enzyme. Upon addition of 2-methyleneglutarate a second EPR signal of about equal intensity at g = 2.13 arose. The question of whether the oxygen-stable cob(II)alamin participates in catalysis or its complex with the enzyme represents an inactive form is currently under investigation.
Na+‐independent Mg2+ transport sensitive to 2‐aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2‐APB) in vascular smooth muscle cells: involvement of TRPM‐like channels (2008)

Magnesium is associated with several important cardiovascular diseases. There is an accumulating body of evidence verifying the important roles of Mg(2+)-permeable channels. In the present study, we estimated the intracellular free Mg(2+) concentration ([Mg(2+)](i)) using (31)P-nuclear magnetic resonance ((31)P-NMR) in porcine carotid arteries. pH(i) and intracellular phosphorus compounds were simultaneously monitored. Removal of extracellular divalent cations (Ca(2+) and Mg(2+)) in the absence of Na(+) caused a gradual decrease in [Mg(2+)](i) to approximately 60% of the control value after 125 min. On the other hand, the simultaneous removal of extracellular Ca(2+) and Na(+) in the presence of Mg(2+) gradually increased [Mg(2+)](i) in an extracellular Mg(2+)-dependent manner. 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) attenuated both [Mg(2+)](i) load and depletion caused under Na(+)- and Ca(2+)-free conditions. Neither [ATP](i) nor pH(i) correlated with changes in [Mg(2+)](i). RT-PCR detected transcripts of both TRPM6 and TRPM7, although TRPM7 was predominant. In conclusion, the results suggest the presence of Mg(2+)-permeable channels of TRPM family that contribute to Mg(2+) homeostasis in vascular smooth muscle cells. The low, basal [Mg(2+)](i) level in vascular smooth muscle cells is attributable to the relatively low activity of this Mg(2+) entry pathway.
Molecular gold strings: aurophilicity, luminescence and structure–property correlations (2020)

This review covers the compound class of one-dimensional gold strings. These compounds feature a formally infinite repetition of gold complexes as monomers/repeating units that are held together by aurophilic interactions, i.e. direct gold-gold contacts. Their molecular structures are primarily determined in the solid state using single crystal X-ray diffraction. The chemical composition of the employed gold complexes is diverse and furthermore plays a key role in terms of structure characteristics and the resulting properties. One of the most common features of gold strings is their photoluminescence upon UV excitation. The emission energy is often dependent on the distance of adjacent gold ions and the electronic structure of the whole string. In terms of gold strings, these parameters can be fine-tuned by external stimuli such as solvent, pH value, pressure or mechanical stress. This leads to direct structure-property correlations, not only with regard to the photophysical properties, but also electric conductivity for potential application in nanoelectronics. Concerning these correlations, gold strings, consisting of self-assembled individual complexes as building blocks, are the ideal compound class to look at, as perturbations by an inhomogeneity in the ligand sphere (such as the end of a molecule) can be neglected. Therefore, the aim of this review is to shed light on the past achievements and current developments in this area.
A probabilistic resource estimation and semi-reservation scheme for flow oriented multimedia wireless networks (2001)

Currently, multimedia is urgently expected in wireless networks. One of the most important and complicated issues is quality of service guarantees in third-generation wireless networks. The purpose of this article is to propose a probabilistic resource estimation and semi-reservation scheme in considering the probability of real usage made by the mobile host. This scheme can efficiently improve the connection blocking probability, connection dropping probability, and bandwidth utilization.
Key technologies for future motor drives (2005)

This paper presents technologies that have strategic importance in future motor drives. The underlying strategic issue for motor drives is maintaining cost while increasing certain dimensions of functionality. The dimensions of functionality which should increase include reliability and added value features such as providing continuous energy optimization, providing sensing of the driven system suitable for application specific diagnostic purposes, and providing continuously optimal thermal utilization of the capability of the drive. This paper addresses each of these issues and discuss the technology status for each case, with a focus on research needed to fully deliver the needed functionality.
BIOFORTIFICATION OF VITAMIN B 6 IN SEEDS (2010)

Water-soluble pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine are collectively called vitamin B6. These vitamers are remark-ably versatile, providing essential functions in a large number of biological reactions. Approximately four percent of all classified enzymatic activities are pyridoxal 5’-phosphate-dependent\\. Pyridoxal 5’-phosphate (PLP), the coenzyme form of vitamin B6 that can be converted from pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine, is required by numerous enzymatic reactions, including transaminations, aldol cleavages, beta- or gamma-eliminations or replacements, decarboxylations, and racemizations that are involved in the biosynthesis and/or catabolism of amino acids, structural compounds, neu-rotransmitters, histamine, hemoglobin, lipids, and carbohydrates.1 Recently, vitamin B6 has also been shown to function as a potent antioxidant, equivalent to vitamins C and E, and is particularly active in quenching singlet oxygen and the superoxide anion. Moreover, PLP is involved in enhancing or suppressing the expression of certain genes. PLP conjugates to a lysine residue in the nuclear repressor RIP140, and such conjugation is essential for RIP140’s interaction with histone deacetylases, nuclear retention, and subsequent transcriptional repression. Vitamin B6 provides a great number of health benefits and is essential for all cellular organisms. It is particularly known in the medical field for its involvement in more bodily functions than any other single nutrient. Vitamin B6 is required for the maintenance of mental as well as physical health2 and is essential for normal brain development and function. Vitamin B6 is especially important for maintaining healthy muscle cells, absorption of vitamin B12, synthesis of
A lead-207 and carbon-13 Fourier-transform nuclear magnetic resonance study of organolead compounds (1978)

Lead-207 and 13C n.m.r. parameters have been obtained for a large number of representative organolead compounds. The lead chemical shifts determined cover a range of ca. 2 500 p.p.m.; similar chemical-shift trends are observed for tin and lead, but the larger lead shift range allows a clearer distinction between closely related species. Carbon-13 chemical shifts and lead-carbon coupling constants also show similar trends to the corresponding shifts and couplings for organotin compounds, but here again the parameters for the lead compounds are generally more sensitive to structural changes; this is particularly so for coupling constants. There is no clear relation between nJ(Sn–C) and nJ(Pb–C).
Synthetic D-amino acid peptide inhibits tumor cell motility on laminin-5 (2006)

Cell motility is partially dependent on interactions between the integrins and the extracellular matrix. Our previous studies have identified synthetic D-amino acid cell adhesion peptides using a combinatorial screening approach. In this study, we demonstrate that HYD1 (kikmviswkg) completely blocks random haptotactic migration and inhibits invasion of prostate carcinoma cells on laminin-5. This effect is adhesion independent and reversible. The inhibition of migration by HYD1 involves a dramatic remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton resulting in increased stress fiber formation and actin colocalization with cortactin at the cell membrane. HYD1 interacts with alpha6beta1 (not alpha6beta4) and alpha3beta1 integrins and surprisingly elevates laminin-5-dependent intracellular signals including focal adhesion kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase. HYD1 does not contain a previously characterized binding sequence for integrins. A scrambled derivative of HYD1, called HYDS (wiksmkivkg), does not interact with the alpha6 or alpha3 integrin subunits and is not biologically active. Taken together, these results indicate that HYD1 is a biologically active integrin-targeting peptide that reversibly inhibits tumor cell migration on laminin-5 and uncouples phosphotyrosine signaling from cytoskeletal-dependent migration.
A template approach to group key establishment in dynamic ad-hoc groups (2016)

Fast growing communication networks like wireless ad-hoc networks and Internet-of-things (IoT) put forth new challenges in secure communication like eavesdropping and tampering attacks. For such networks, we consider the following important problem: How to establish a shared secret group key among the nodes of a dynamically formed ad-hoc group? There are two major challenges: (a) The nodes are constrained and cannot support expensive public-key operations, especially for large groups and (b) the neighborhood of an ad-hoc node is not determined a-priori and therefore, the node needs to be able to establish a group key with any dynamic sub-set of the nodes. In this work, we describe a novel template based approach to group key establishment wherein our template is a logical shared secret distribution hierarchy built on the ad-hoc nodes prior to deployment. Our template approach ensures that any given ad-hoc node shares a distinct set of secrets with any dynamic group of nodes, regardless of the physical neighborhood, after deployment. We illustrate our approach using two instantiations of symmetric secret distribution protocols namely: sub-set and dual one-way hash chain distributions.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphorylation of Isoprenoid Alcohols. (1987)

Abstract The homoallylic (I) and allylic (Va) isoprenoid alcohols are activated as tosylates (II) or halides (Vb) and then coupled with tris(tetra‐n‐ butylammonium) hydrogen pyrophosphate (III) to yield the diphosphates (IV) and (VI).
Assembly Transformation Jointly Driven by the LAP Enzyme and GSH Boosting Theranostic Capability for Effective Tumor Therapy (2021)

Developing intelligent and morphology-transformable nanomaterials that can spatiotemporally undergo stimulus-responsive size transformation holds great promise for improving the tumor delivery efficiency of drugs <i>in vivo</i>. Here, we report a smart size-transformable theranostic probe Ce6-Leu consisting of a leucine amino peptidase (LAP) and glutathione (GSH) dual-responsive moiety, an 1,2-aminothiol group, and a clinically used photosensitizer Ce6. This probe tends to self-assemble into uniform nanoparticles with an initial size of ∼80 nm in aqueous solution owing to the amphiphilic feature. Surprisingly, taking advantage of the biocompatible CBT-Cys condensation reaction, the large nanoprobes can be transformed into tiny nanoparticles (∼23 nm) under the joint action of LAP and GSH in a tumor microenvironment, endowing them with great tumor accumulation and deep tissue penetration. Concomitantly, this LAP/GSH-driven disassembly and size shrinkage of Ce6-Leu can also activate the fluorescence/magnetic resonance signals and the photodynamic effect for enhanced multimodal imaging-guided photodynamic therapy of human liver HepG2 tumors <i>in vivo</i>. More excitingly, the Mn<sup>2+</sup>-chelating probe (Ce6-Leu@Mn<sup>2+</sup>) was demonstrated to have the capability to catalyze endogenous H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> to persistently release O<sub>2</sub> at the hypoxic tumor site, as a consequence improving the oxygen supply to boost the radiotherapy effect. We thus believe that this LAP/GSH-driven size-transformable nanosystem would offer a novel advanced technology to improve the drug delivery efficiency for achieving precise tumor diagnosis and treatment.
Risk Stratification for Acute Pulmonary Embolism in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: Role of CHADS2 Score (2017)

Abstract Pulmonary embolism (PE) is associated with atrial fibrillation (AF). This study sought to explore if the CHADS2 score could predict the prognosis of PE in patients with AF. In a tertiary hospital, 4,288 consecutive patients with diagnosis of PE were screened. In total, 305 patients with PE had AF and were included in this retrospective study. In-hospital outcome was defined as at least one of the following: death from any cause, need for intravenous catecholamine administration, endotracheal intubation, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, or thrombolytic therapy. The in-hospital outcome occurred in 10.2% of the patients. Patients with adverse outcome had higher CHADS2 score, CHA2DS2-VASc score, and simplified pulmonary embolism severity index (sPESI) score. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve was 0.66, 0.62, and 0.71 for CHADS2 score, CHA2DS2-VASc score, and sPESI score, respectively, in predicting in-hospital outcome. The incidence of in-hospital outcome was 3.4 and 14.4% in sPESI = 0 and sPESI ≥1 groups (p &lt; 0.01). CHADS2 also had good predictive value with the incidence of in-hospital outcome, being 4.6% in CHADS2 &lt; 2 and 14.3% in CHADS2 ≥ 2 groups (p &lt; 0.01). The incidences of in-hospital outcome were 2.6, 4.8, 7.4, and 17.3% in patients with sPESI = 0 and CHADS2 &lt; 2, sPESI = 0 and CHADS2 ≥ 2, sPESI ≥ 1 and CHADS2 &lt; 2, and sPESI ≥ 1 and CHADS2 ≥ 2 (p &lt; 0.01), respectively. In multivariable analysis, CHADS2 (odds ratio: 1.50; 95% confidence interval: 1.11–2.02; p &lt; 0.01) was an independent predictor of in-hospital adverse outcome. High CHADS2 score could predict worse in-hospital outcome in patients with PE and AF.