gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nutraceutical induction and mimicry of heme oxygenase activity as a strategy for controlling excitotoxicity in brain trauma and ischemic stroke: focus on oxidative stress (2020)

<b>Introduction</b>: Ischemic stroke and traumatic brain injury are leading causes of acute mortality, and in the longer run, major causes of significant mental and physical impairment. Most of the brain neuronal cell death in the minutes and hours following an ischemic stroke or brain trauma is mediated by the process of excitotoxicity, in which sustained elevations of extracellular glutamate, reflecting a failure of ATP-dependent mechanism which sequester glutamate in neurons and astrocytes, drive excessive activation of NMDA receptors. <b>Areas covered</b>: A literature search was undertaken to clarify the molecular mechanisms whereby excessive NMDA activation leads to excitotoxic neuronal death, and to determine what safe nutraceutical agents might have practical potential for rescuing at-risk neurons by intervening in these mechanisms. <b>Expert opinion</b>: Activation of both NADPH oxidase and neuronal nitric oxide synthase in the microenvironment of activated NMDA receptors drives production of superoxide and highly toxic peroxynitrite. This leads to excessive activation of PARP and p38 MAP kinase, mitochondrial dysfunction, and subsequent neuronal death. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) induction offers protection via inhibition of NADPH oxidase and promotion of cGMP generation. Phase 2-inductive nutraceuticals can induce HO-1, and other nutraceuticals can mimic the effects of its products biliverdin and carbon monoxide.
The In Vitro Development of Bovine Oocytes after Maturation in Glucose and β‐Hydroxybutyrate Concentrations Associated with Negative Energy Balance in Dairy Cows (2006)

Negative energy balance (NEB) in high yielding dairy cows early postpartum may affect oocyte quality. Therefore, we tested the effect of two different beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and glucose concentrations, which are associated with subclinical or clinical ketosis, during in vitro maturation (IVM) on the developmental competence of bovine oocytes. In Expt 1, subclinical ketosis conditions were imitated. Oocytes were matured in four different serum-free media with two glucose concentrations (g1=2.75 mm or G1=5.5 mm glucose) and with or without BHB (BHB1=1.8 mm BHB). Following maturation groups were used: g1, G1, g1:BHB1 and G1:BHB1. In Expt 2, clinical ketosis conditions were mimicked by using the concentrations: g2=1.375 mm or G2=3.1 mm glucose and BHB2=4.0 mm BHB. The combinations used were: g2, G2, g2:BHB2 and G2:BHB2. After IVM and in vitro fertilization (IVF), presumptive zygotes were routinely cultured for 7 days in synthetic oviduct fluid [SOF; 5% fetal calf serum (FCS)]. At 48 h and 8 days pi, cleavage rate and number of blastocysts were recorded respectively. The results demonstrated that the maturation conditions mimicking subclinical (g1:BHB1) and clinical ketosis (g2 : BHB2) resulted in an impaired developmental competence of the oocyte after maturation. Especially the moderately low (g1) or extremely low glucose (g2) concentrations were responsible for this detrimental effect that was associated with a blocked cumulus expansion. Only in moderately low glucose conditions (g1:BHB1), BHB exerted an additive toxic effect during oocyte maturation resulting in a reduced blastocyst rate. Conclusively, our results may suggest that subclinical and clinical ketosis can affect the oocyte's developmental competence most likely through a directly adverse effect of the low glucose concentrations on oocyte maturation. Only in subclinical conditions this harmful effect may be aggravated by BHB.
Elastomeric Electronic Skin for Prosthetic Tactile Sensation (2015)

This report demonstrates a wearable elastomer‐based electronic skin including resistive sensors for monitoring finger articulation and capacitive tactile pressure sensors that register distributed pressure along the entire length of the finger. Pressure sensitivity in the order of 0.001 to 0.01 kPa −1 for pressures from 5 to 405 kPa, which includes much of the range of human physiological sensing, is achieved by implementing soft, compressible silicone foam as the dielectric and stretchable thin‐metal films. Integrating these sensors in a textile glove allows the decoupling of the strain and pressure cross‐sensitivity of the tactile sensors, enabling precise grasp analysis. The sensorized glove is implemented in a human‐in‐the‐loop system for controlling the grasp of objects, a critical step toward hand prosthesis with integrated sensing capabilities.
Mathematical modelling of a mixed culture cultivation process for the production of polyhydroxybutyrate (2005)

Mixed cultures submitted to acetate "feast" and "famine" cycles are able to store intracellularly high quantities of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB). It was demonstrated in a previous study that the intracellular PHB content can be increased up to 78.5% (g HB/gVSS) of cell dry weight in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) with optimised operating conditions. The specific PHB formation rate was also shown to be higher for mixed cultures than for pure cultures. Such high intracellular PHB contents and specific productivity open new perspectives for the industrial production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) using mixed cultures instead of pure cultures. The main goal in this work was to develop a mathematical model of mixed cultures envisaging the optimisation of PHB production. A relatively simple two-compartments cell model was developed based on experimental observations and other models proposed in the literature. A convenient experimental planing allowed to identify the kinetic parameters and yield coefficients. Experiments were performed with and without ammonia limitation enabling the analysis of PHB formation independently of the cell growth process. The experimental true yields partially confirm the theoretical values proposed in the literature. The final model exhibited high accuracy in describing the process state of most experiments performed, thus opening good perspectives for future model-based optimisation studies.
The autonomous solar house at Freiburg. Das energieautarke Solarhaus Freiburg (1992)

The Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems (ISE) is planning and constructing a completely energy self-sufficient one-family house in Freiburg. The whole energy demand for heating, electricity and cooking will be covered by the sun. Transparent thermal insulation, a new solar collector for water heating and photovoltaic modules with monocrystalline solar cells use the solar radiation falling onto the building. The meteorological conditions in Freiburg (48 degree of latitude) are characterized by sunny summers and long periods with poor radiation during winter. This requires besides a short-period heat storage a seasonal heat storage system. (orig./BWI).
Rheological properties of extracted oil from sludge (2017)

Papers presented at the 13th International Conference on Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, Portoroz, Slovenia on 17-19 July 2017 .
Chalcogenide materials: Novel compositions and new applications (2018)

In this talk, we describe our recent work on selenium modified Ga:La:S glasses. The addition of Se improves the infrared transmission sufficiently to capture enough of the 8-12 micron window to allow thermal imaging, while at the same time, allowing sufficient visible transmission for object recognition using conventional image capturing. The addition of Se has other implications, increasing the optical nonlinearity, providing longer fluorescent lifetimes when doped with rare earth ions and expanding the transmission window in the important 3-5 micron region. Ga:La:S glasses are superior to commercially available chalcogenides based on alloys of Ga and/or As with S, Se and/or Te. They offer significantly higher alkaline resistance, greater mechanical strength and over 300ºC higher working temperature (Tg &gt; 500ºC). All of these new features suggest Ga:La:S-Se may be a material suitable for the next generation of mid-IR sources through supercontinuum or rare earth doping.
1,3-Butadiene Polymerization by Bis(benzimidazolyl)amine Metal Complexes: Remarkable Microstructural Control and a Protocol for In-Reactor Blending of trans-1,4-, cis-1,4-, and cis-1,4-co-1,2-Vinylpolybutadiene (2009)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXT1,3-Butadiene Polymerization by Bis(benzimidazolyl)amine Metal Complexes: Remarkable Microstructural Control and a Protocol for In-Reactor Blending of trans-1,4-, cis-1,4-, and cis-1,4-co-1,2-VinylpolybutadieneRenan Cariou†, Juan Chirinos†, Vernon C. Gibson*†, Grant Jacobsen‡, Atanas K. Tomov†, and Mark R. J. Elsegood§View Author Information Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.; Ineos Technologies, Rue de Ransbeek 310, B-1120 Brussels, Belgium; and Chemistry Department, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, U.K.* Corresponding author.†Imperial College London.‡Ineos Technologies.§Loughborough University.Cite this: Macromolecules 2009, 42, 5, 1443–1444Publication Date (Web):February 5, 2009Publication History Received24 November 2008Revised12 January 2009Published online5 February 2009Published inissue 10 March 2009https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma802633qhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma802633qrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2009 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1454Altmetric-Citations62LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Butadiene,Catalysts,Microstructures,Polymerization,Polymers Get e-Alerts
Correlation of functional and resting state connectivity of cerebral oxy-, deoxy-, and total hemoglobin concentration changes measured by near-infrared spectrophotometry (2011)

The aim is to study cerebral vascular functional connectivity during motor tasks and resting state using multichannel frequency-domain near-infrared spectrophotometry. Maps of 5.7 × 10.8 cm size displaying changes in cerebral oxyhemoglobin (O(2)Hb), deoxyhemoglobin (HHb), and total hemoglobin (tHb) concentrations were measured in the motor cortex in 12 subjects (mean age of 28.8±12.7 yrs) during resting state and during two palm squeezing tasks with different timing. For each condition, phase plane plots, cross correlation functions, and connectivity indices were generated for O(2)Hb, HHb, and tHb. The amplitude of the concentration changes in O(2)Hb and HHb depends on the age of the subject. We found large regions of connectivity, which were similar for resting state and task conditions. This means the spatial relationships during resting state, when changes in O(2)Hb, HHb, and tHb corresponded to spontaneous oscillations, were correlated to the spatial patterns during the activation tasks, when changes in O(2)Hb, HHb, and tHb concentration were related to the alternation of stimulation and rest. Thus, the vascular functional connectivity was also present during resting state. The findings suggest that the vascular response to functional activation may be a nonlinear synchronization phenomenon and that resting state processes are more important than previously expected.
Whole-exome sequencing reveals the mutational spectrum of testicular germ cell tumours (2015)

Testicular germ cell tumours (TGCTs) are the most common cancer in young men. Here we perform whole-exome sequencing (WES) of 42 TGCTs to comprehensively study the cancer's mutational profile. The mutation rate is uniformly low in all of the tumours (mean 0.5 mutations per Mb) as compared with common cancers, consistent with the embryological origin of TGCT. In addition to expected copy number gain of chromosome 12p and mutation of KIT, we identify recurrent mutations in the tumour suppressor gene CDC27 (11.9%). Copy number analysis reveals recurring amplification of the spermatocyte development gene FSIP2 (15.3%) and a 0.4 Mb region at Xq28 (15.3%). Two treatment-refractory patients are shown to harbour XRCC2 mutations, a gene strongly implicated in defining cisplatin resistance. Our findings provide further insights into genes involved in the development and progression of TGCT.
Oral Tolerance Induction in Hemophilia B Dogs Fed with Transplastomic Lettuce (2020)

Anti-drug antibodies in hemophilia patients substantially complicate treatment. Their elimination through immune tolerance induction (ITI) protocols poses enormous costs, and ITI is often ineffective for factor IX (FIX) inhibitors. Moreover, there is no prophylactic ITI protocol to prevent anti-drug antibody (ADA) formation. Using general immune suppression is problematic. To address this urgent unmet medical need, we delivered antigen bioencapsulated in plant cells to hemophilia B dogs. Commercial-scale production of CTB-FIX fusion expressed in lettuce chloroplasts was done in a hydroponic facility. CTB-FIX (∼1 mg/g) in lyophilized cells was stable with proper folding, disulfide bonds, and pentamer assembly after 30-month storage at ambient temperature. Robust suppression of immunoglobulin G (IgG)/inhibitor and IgE formation against intravenous FIX was observed in three of four hemophilia B dogs fed with lyophilized lettuce cells expressing CTB-FIX. No side effects were detected after feeding CTB-FIX-lyophilized plant cells for >300 days. Coagulation times were markedly shortened by intravenous FIX in orally tolerized treated dogs, in contrast to control dogs that formed high-titer antibodies to FIX. Commercial-scale production, stability, prolonged storage of lyophilized cells, and efficacy in tolerance induction in a large, non-rodent model of human disease offer a novel concept for oral tolerance and low-cost production and delivery of biopharmaceuticals.
Human intestinal Vdelta1+ lymphocytes recognize tumor cells of epithelial origin. (1996)

gammadelta T cells can be grouped into discrete subsets based upon their expression of T cell receptor (TCR) variable (V) region families, their tissue distribution, and their specificity. Vdelta2+ T cells constitute the majority of gammadelta T cells in peripheral blood whereas Vdelta1+T cells reside preferentially in skin epithelium and in the intestine. gammadelta T cells are envisioned as first line host defense mechanisms capable of providing a source of immune effector T cells and immunomodulating cytokines such as interleukin (IL) 4 or interferon (IFN) gamma. We describe here the fine specificity of three distinct gammadelta+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) obtained from patients with primary or metastatic colorectal cancer, that could be readily expanded in vitro in the presence of IL-1beta and IL-7. Irrespective of donor, these individual gammadelta T cells exhibited a similar pattern of reactivity defined by recognition of autologous and allogeneic colorectal cancer cells, renal cell cancer, pancreatic cancer, and a freshly isolated explant from human intestine as measured by cytolytic T cell responses and by IFN-gamma release. In contrast, tumors of alternate histologies were not lysed, including lung cancer, squamous cell cancer, as well as the natural/lymphocyte-activated killer cell-sensitive hematopoietic cell lines T2, C1R, or Daudi. The cell line K562 was only poorly lysed when compared with colorectal cancer targets. Target cell reactivity mediated by Vdelta1+ T cells was partially blocked with Abs directed against the TCR, the beta2 or beta7 integrin chains, or fibronectin receptor. Marker analysis using flow cytometry revealed that all three gammadelta T cell lines exhibit a similar phenotype. Analysis of the gammadelta TCR junctional suggested exclusive usage of the Vdelta1/Ddelta3/Jdelta1 TCR segments with extensive (< or = 29 bp) N/P region diversity. T cell recognition of target cells did not appear to be a major histocompatibility complex restricted or to be correlated with target cell expression of heat-shock proteins. Based on the ability of some epithelial tumors, including colorectal, pancreatic, and renal cell cancers to effectively cold target inhibit the lysis of colorectal cancer cell lines by these Vdelta1+ T cell lines, we suggest that intestinal Vdelta1+ T cell lines, we suggest that intestinal Vdelta1+ T cells are capable of recognizing cell surface Ag(s) shared by tumors of epithelial origin.
Prenatal neural origins of infant motor development: Associations between fetal brain and infant motor development (2018)

Functional circuits of the human brain emerge and change dramatically over the second half of gestation. It is possible that variation in neural functional system connectivity in utero predicts individual differences in infant behavioral development, but this possibility has yet to be examined. The current study examines the association between fetal sensorimotor brain system functional connectivity and infant postnatal motor ability. Resting-state functional connectivity data was obtained in 96 healthy human fetuses during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Infant motor ability was measured 7 months after birth using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. Increased connectivity between the emerging motor network and regions of the prefrontal cortex, temporal lobes, posterior cingulate, and supplementary motor regions was observed in infants that showed more mature motor functions. In addition, females demonstrated stronger fetal-brain to infant-behavior associations. These observations extend prior longitudinal research back into prenatal brain development and raise exciting new ideas about the advent of risk and the ontogeny of early sex differences.
Feasibility of Multilevel Storage in Flash EEPROM Cells (1995)

The analog character of charge storage on a floating gate MOS transistor can be used to store more than one bit of information per non-volatile memory cell. For a given technology and cell design, multilevel charge storage increases the bit density, and potentially reduces the cost per bit. The main problem associated with multilevel storage is the non-zero width of each level, and its dependence on process variations, operating conditions and time. This paper discusses the relative weight of these aspects in Flash EEPROMs. The discussion is illustrated by experimental results on four-level storage in a 0.8?m Flash EEPROM technology.
Recent Progress in Extending the Cycle‐Life of Secondary Zn‐Air Batteries (2021)

Abstract Secondary Zn‐air batteries with stable voltage and long cycle‐life are of immediate interest to meet global energy storage needs at various scales. Although primary Zn‐air batteries have been widely used since the early 1930s, large‐scale development of electrically rechargeable variants has not been fully realized due to their short cycle‐life. In this work, we review some of the most recent and effective strategies to extend the cycle‐life of Zn‐air batteries. Firstly, diverse degradation routes in Zn‐air batteries will be discussed, linking commonly observed failure modes with the possible mechanisms and root causes. Next, we evaluate the most recent and effective strategies aimed at tackling individual or multiple of these degradation routes. Both aspects of cell architecture design and materials engineering of the electrodes and the electrolytes will be thoroughly covered. Finally, we offer our perspective on how the cycle‐life of Zn‐air batteries can be extended with concerted and tailored research directions to pave the way for their use as the most promising secondary battery system of the future.
Measurement and Modelling of Boundary Film Properties of Polymeric Lubricant Additives (1996)

Experimental work using ultrathin film interferometry has shown that some polymer solutions in oil form much thicker films at slow speeds in rolling, concentrated contacts than predicted from elastohydrodynamic (EHD) theory. This behaviour can be interpreted as resulting from the polymers forming adsorbed, surface layers of enhanced concentration on the two solid surfaces. Such layers, which are typically 20 nm thick, would be significantly more viscous that the bulk solution and thus produce thicker EHD films. This concept has been supported by modelling the elastohydrodynamic point contact using control volume analysis with a layered surface viscosity. The film thickness behaviour predicted computationally using this technique is quite similar to that found experimentally using polymer solutions.
Size dependent ion-exchange of large mixed-metal complexes into Nafion® membranes (2015)

Ion-exchange of large multivalent cations in Nafion<sup>®</sup> membranes: kinetics of exchange and implications for more open morphological models.
Mechanical Properties of Glass and Graphite Fibers for FRP (1969)

Two types of tensile testers for mono-filament fiber were tested. One is a modified balance type, the other is a strain gauge type. Tensile strength of E-glass mono-filament was measured with these two type testers, and from the variance of the data the strain-gauge type is more accurate than the balance type. The standard deviation obtained by the straingauge type tester is assumed to be the deviation of tensile strength of the mono-filament. Conventional alkali glass rods were drawn at high temperature to make mono-filament, and tested by this tensile tester. RAE carbon fiber mono-filament was measured by this tensile tester, and Young's modulus for carbon fiber mono-filament and also E-glass mono-filament were measured.X-ray diffraction study for lattice structure of carbon fiber and glass filament was carried out, and mechanical properties according to structure were discussed.
Acoustic Metamaterial Panels for Sound Attenuation in the 50 - 1000 Hz Regime (2010)

We show experimentally that thin membrane-type acoustic meta-materials can serve as a total reflection nodal surface at certain frequencies. The small decay length of the evanescent waves at these frequencies implies that several membrane panels can be stacked to achieve broad-frequency effectiveness. We report the realization of acoustic metamaterial panels with thickness &lt; 15mm and weight &lt; 3 kg/m2 demonstrating 19.5dB of internal sound transmission loss (STL) at around 200 Hz, and stacked panels with thickness &lt; 60 mm and weight &lt; 15 kg/m2 demonstrating an average STL of &gt; 40dB over a broad range from 50 to 1000 Hz.
The structure at 198 K of (1R,5R,15R,16R)-5-isopropenyl-2-methyl-1-[N-(trans-2-phenylcyclohexyloxycarbonyl)amino]-2-cyclohexene (1991)

trans-2-Phenylcyclohexyl N-(5-isopropenyl-2-methyl-2-cyclohexan-1-yl) carbamate, C23H31NO2, Mr = 353.50, orthorhombic, P2(1)2(1)2(1), a = 8.813 (2), b = 9.043 (2), c = 25.643 (5) A, V = 2043.6 (8) A3, Z = 4, Dx = 1.15 g cm-3 (198 K), Mo K alpha radiation, lambda = 0.7107 A, mu = 0.6734 cm-1, F(000) = 768, T = 198 K, R = 0.0547 for 1772 reflections [Fo greater than or equal to 4 sigma(Fo)]. Molecules are H-bonded into infinite columns parallel to a. The H bond involves the NH group and the carbonyl O atom of the carbamate moiety with relevant parameters: N11-H11...O13 (related by 1/2 + x, 1/2 - y, - z); N...O 2.910 (5), H...O 2.11 (5) A, N-H...O 159 (4) degrees.