gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A multiplexed bead assay for profiling glycosylation patterns on serum protein biomarkers of pancreatic cancer (2011)

A multiplexed bead-based immunoassay was developed to simultaneously profile glycosylation patterns of serum proteins to investigate their usefulness as biomarkers for pancreatic cancer. The multiplex assay utilized protein-specific capture antibodies chemically coupled individually to beads labeled with specific amounts of fluorescent dye. Captured proteins were detected based on the extent and specific type of glycosylation as determined by successive binding of fluorescent lectin probes. Advantages to this technique include the fact that antibodies coupled to the beads had minimal nonspecific binding to the lectins ConA/SNA, avoiding the step of chemically blocking the antibody glycans and the bead assays were performed in a 96-well filter plate enabling high-throughput screening applications with improved reproducibility. The assay was tested with ConA and SNA lectins to examine the glycosylation patterns of α-1-β glycoprotein (A1BG) and serum amyloid p (SAP) component for use as potential biomarkers for the detection of pancreatic cancer based on the results from prior biomarker studies. The results showed that the SNA response on the captured A1BG protein could distinguish chronic pancreatitis samples from pancreatic cancer with a p-value of 0.035 and for the SAP protein with SNA, a p-value of 0.026 was found between the signal of normal controls and the pancreatic cancer samples. For the ConA response, a decline in the signal for both proteins in the serum samples was found to distinguish pancreatic cancer from normal controls and renal cell carnoma samples (A1BG, p<0.05; and SAP, p<0.0001).
Nonlinear optics in Silicon photonic crystal cavities (2011)

Silicon is known to be a very good material for the realization of high-Q, low-volume photonic cavities, but at the same it is usually considered as a poor material for nonlinear optical functionalities like second-harmonic generation, because its second-order nonlinear susceptibility vanishes in the dipole approximation. In this work we demonstrate that nonlinear optical effects in silicon nanocavities can be strongly enhanced and even become macroscopically observable. We employ photonic crystal nanocavities in silicon membranes that are optimized simultaneously for high quality factor and efficient coupling to an incoming beam in the far field. Using a low-power, continuous-wave laser at telecommunication wavelengths as a pump beam, we demonstrate simultaneous generation of second- and third harmonics in the visible region, which can be observed with a simple camera. The results are in good agreement with a theoretical model that treats third-harmonic generation as a bulk effect in the cavity region, and second-harmonic generation as a surface effect arising from the vertical hole sidewalls. Optical bistability is also observed in the silicon nanocavities and its physical mechanisms (optical, due to two-photon generation of free carriers, as well as thermal) are investigated.
FPGA Accelerated Low-Latency Market Data Feed Processing (2009)

Modern financial exchanges provide updates to their members on the changing status of the market place, by providing streams of messages about events, called a market data feed. Markets are growing busier, and the data-rates of these feeds are already in the gigabit range, from which customers must extract and process messages with sub-millisecond latency.This paper presents an FPGA accelerated approach to market data feed processing, using an FPGA connected directly to the network to parse, optionally decompress, and filter the feed, and then to push the decoded messages directly into the memory of a general purpose processor. Such a solution offers flexibility, as the FPGA can be reconfigured for new data feed formats, and high throughput with low latency by eliminating the operating system's network stack.This approach is demonstrated using the Celoxica AMDC board, which accepts a pair of redundant data feeds over two gigabit Ethernet ports, parses and filters the data, then pushes relevant messages directly into system memory over the PCIe bus. Tests with an ORPA FAST data feed redistribution system show that the AMDC is able to process up to 3.5 M messages per second, 12 times the current real-world rate, while the complete system rebroadcasts at least 99% of packets with a latency of less than 26 us. The hardware portion of the design has a constant latency, irrespective of throughput, of 4 us.
A Service Middleware that Scales in System Size and Applications (2007)

We present a peer-to-peer service management middleware that dynamically allocates system resources to a large set of applications. The system achieves scalability in number of nodes (1000s or more) through three decentralized mechanisms that run on different time scales. First, overlay construction interconnects all nodes in the system for exchanging control and state information. Second, request routing directs requests to nodes that offer the corresponding applications. Third, application placement controls the set of offered applications on each node, in order to achieve efficient operation and service differentiation. The design supports a large number of applications (100s or more) through selective propagation of configuration information needed for request routing. The control load on a node increases linearly with the number of applications in the system. Service differentiation is achieved through assigning a utility to each application, which influences the application placement process. Simulation studies show that the system operates efficiently for different sizes, adapts fast to load changes and failures and effectively differentiates between different applications under overload.
Identifying differences between CAD and physical mock-ups using AR (2007)

Since the last ten years product development in automotive industry is changing radically. Most physical mock-ups have vanished and are now replaced by digital ones. But they are still needed for final evaluations or issues, which cannot be adequately simulated. During their production, deviations from the CAD model may be made. Since digital and real mock-up must match for the further product development, the transfer of differences between physical and digital mock-up to the CAD format is a crucial issue. In this paper an augmented reality (AR) based tool-chain is presented, which allows matching the CAD data with real mock-ups and documents the differences between them. Essential functions like measurement and online construction are provided, allowing the end-users to create information in AR space and feeding them back into the CAD model.
Productivity Increase Estimation for Multi Stage Fracturing in Horizontal Wells for Tight Oil Reservoirs (2015)

Abstract Hydraulic fracturing is widely used to exploit the tight and low permeability oil and gas reservoirs. With recent technological advances, horizontal wells, along with Multi Stage Fracturing (MSF) have come up with a great effective combined solution for tight reservoirs. The combined technologies overcome formation damage, increase reservoir contact, enhances productivity from fractures; hence make tight reservoirs development economical. On the other hand, drilling a horizontal well with placing multi stage fractures along its lateral is an expensive job. The feasibility of this job should be done to analyze the productivity enhancement provided by the Multi Stage Fracturing before commencing drilling operation. This work developed a simple, easy to use empirical correlation to calculate oil productivity enhancement in terms of fold of increase (FOI) for Pre-Frac analysis. In this paper, an approach has been put forward to evaluate the FOI in Multi Stage Fractured system for horizontal wells in the form of a correlation. The approach used is based on two 3-D simulation modelling scenarios; one with hydraulic fractures and the other without. The fracture case has been run for a wide range of parameters like number of fracture stages, formation permeability, fracture spacing, fracture conductivity and fracture half length, while the other case was run with changing formation permeability only, which served as the base case. The productivity index for both cases corresponding to same formation permeability was used to compute FOI for all different scenarios. A general empirical correlation for estimation of increase in oil productivity due to multi-stage fracturing in horizontal wells is derived through the use of multivariate regression. Correlation is obtained by 70% data points with the accuracy results of 5.20%, 0.54% and 7.79 Mean absolute percentage error, Mean percentage error and standard deviation respectively. The obtained correlation is tested against 30% of unused data points and found to generate acceptable results with 5.20%, 0.50% and 7.40 Mean absolute percentage error, Mean percentage error and standard deviation respectively. The developed correlation is accurate enough to capture even the minor changes in flow inside wellbore as well as interference between adjacent fracture stages. It will serve as a handy tool for pre analysis of fracture performance as compared to the costly and time consuming analytical or simulation models.
A 4-Channel 3.1/10.3Gb/s Transceiver Macro with a Pattern-Tolerant Adaptive Equalizer (2007)

Fabricated in 90nm CMOS, the chip consumes 545mW and has a pattern-balancing adaptive equalizer that is stable for any data patterns including those with a strong peak component at a single frequency. The adaptive equalizer yields a gain at f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</sub> /2 relative to f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</sub> /16 varying from -1.7 to 2.2dB for any 8B10B encoded Ethernet frames filled with a fixed data byte
Effect of beam dwell time on surface changes during laser scribing (1985)

Laser scribing can be used to reduce the ferromagnetic domain size, and thus core loss, in grain-oriented electrical steels. The localized stress required for domain-size control can be produced either by shock deformation, optimally associated with beam dwell times (pulse lengths) less than 2×10−8 sec, or by thermal stressing occurring with dwell times optimally longer than 1×10−4 sec. In this paper we show that comparable core loss improvements can be obtained at greatly different dwell times, but that the associated changes in the surface condition of coated silicon steel laser scribed for maximum core loss reduction vary dramatically as dwell time varies. At the very short times characterizing shock deformation, achieved using a Q-switched solid-state laser, the coating is almost completely removed, but there is little effect on the steel itself, and recoating has been used to restore coating integrity. Under optimum dwell times for thermal expansion effects, achieved using continuous-wave radiation, there is no significant effect on the coating, and no postscribing treatment is required. At intermediate dwell times, however, significant core loss reduction is associated with extensive disruption of the coating and with melting of the steel. At dwell times of approximately 1×10−6 sec using CO2 laser radiation, there is an unstable transition between the shock (vaporization) and heating modes, with intermittent melting.
Scale Adaptive Proposal Network for Object Detection in Remote Sensing Images (2019)

Object detection in aerial images is widely applied in many applications. In recent years, faster region convolutional neural network shows a great improvement on object detecting in natural images. Considering the size and distribution characteristic of object in remote sensing images, the region proposal network (RPN) should be changed before being adopted. In this letter, a scale adaptive proposal network (SAPNet) is proposed to improve the accuracy of multiobject detection in remote sensing images. The SAPNet consists of multilayer RPNs which are designed to generate multiscale object proposals, and a final detection subnetwork in which fusion feature layer has been applied for better multiobject detection. Comparative experimental results show that the proposed SAPNet significantly improves the accuracy of multiobject detection.
The Vessel Loop Shoelace Technique for Closure of Fasciotomy Wounds (2000)

Compartment syndrome of the extremity may occur after severe trauma secondary to fractures, vascular ischemia, crush, or electrical injury. Treatment consists of expedient fasciotomy to avoid permanent injury to muscles or nerves. Management of the wounds postoperatively has consisted traditionally of primary closure, healing by secondary intention, or split-thickness skin grafting to cover defects. The fasciotomy wound may remain substantial secondary to soft-tissue swelling and edema. The authors present an alternative protocol for fasciotomy wound management, consisting of gradual closure with progressive tension using vessel loops. The vessel loops are placed intraoperatively during the compartment release and are attached to the wound margins using standard skin staples. The loops are tightened progressively postoperatively during routine dressing changes, resulting in closure of the wound within 2 weeks. The advantages over split-thickness grafting include avoidance of donor morbidity and better cosmesis. Sporadic case reports using similar techniques have been published in the orthopedic literature with comparable results. The current series includes 37 patients, ages 9 to 48 years, who were treated for open fasciotomy. There were 11 upper extremity and 26 lower extremity wounds treated, all of which were closed within 3 weeks.
Four Models of Competition and their Implications for Marketing Strategy (1994)

This paper by Nelson focuses on four models or views of competition—economic, biological, globalization, and socialpsychological. Each model helps understand competition as a complex social and individual phenomenon and draws strategic implications for marketing managers.
Cover Feature: Race on High‐loading Metal Single Atoms and Successful Preparation Strategies (ChemCatChem 2/2022) (2021)

The Cover Feature illustrates the evolution of supported metal catalysts from conventional bulk and nanoparticle catalysts to single-atom catalysts (SACs), and the race to develop SACs with richer active sites for the future era of single atom catalysis. In their Review, W. Sangkhun, J. Ponchai et al. demonstrated the research efforts to increase the density of active sites (metal loading) of SACs from <0.1 wt% in the pioneer works to >25 wt% in the recently reported one. The successful preparation strategies to achieve high metal-loading SACs are highlighted, and the outlooks to further improve the quantity and quality of active sites in SACs are pointed out. More information can be found in the Review by W. Sangkhun, J. Ponchai et al.
Acoustical Design of a Bluetooth Earphone Using Simulated Annealing Optimization (2010)

Faced with various conflicting issues arising from sensitivity, bandwidth, and miniaturization requirements for Bluetooth earphones, it is desirable to develop a systematic way to attain a design that would meet these requirements. Based on a lumped-parameter model, the design of the earphone enclosure is optimized using the simulated annealing (SA) algorithm. Experimental results obtained using a type 3.3 ear simulator, the IEC 60318-4 (which supersedes IEC 60711 in 2010), reveal that the optimized design has resulted in a significant performance enhancement, complying with the frequency response mask dictated in the 3GPP2 standard.
Constructing LDPC codes from simple loop-free encoding modules (2005)

Inspired by recently proposed accumulate-repeat-accumulate (ARA) codes, in this paper we propose a construction method for LDPC codes using simple loop-free encoding modules. Such codes can be viewed as serial/parallel concatenations of simple modules such as accumulators, repetition codes, differentiators, and punctured single parity check codes. Examples are accumulate-repeat-accumulate (ARA) codes, accumulate-repeat-accumulate-accumulate (ARAA) codes and accumulate-repeat-check-accumulate codes, and other variations. These codes constitute a subclass of LDPC codes with very fast encoder structure. They also have a projected graph or protograph representation that allows for high-speed decoder implementation. Based on density evolution, we show through some examples that low iterative decoding thresholds close to the channel capacity limits can be achieved with low maximum variable node degrees, as the block size goes to infinity. The decoding threshold in many examples outperforms that of the best known unstructured irregular LDPC codes constrained to have the same maximum node degree. Furthermore, by puncturing the accumulator modules, any desired higher rate codes can be obtained with thresholds that stay close to their respective channel capacity thresholds uniformly.
PROGRAMA DE DIFUSION Y TRANSFERENCIA TECNOLOGICA: HORTALIZAS INOCUAS AL CONSUMIDOR EN LA REGION DE O´HIGGINS (2011)

OPTIMIZAR LA PRODUCCION DE HORTALIZAS CON CARACTERISTICAS INOCUAS DE ACUERDO A LOS REQUERIMIENTOS DE MERCADOS DE MAYOR EXIGENCIA PARA PEQUENOS Y MEDIANOS PRODUCTORES DE LA REGION DE OHIGGINS
In-Situ Measurement Method and Rate Theory for Clarifying Multi-Component Organic Compounds Adsorption and Desorption on Silicon Surface (2007)

Surface concentration of organic compounds, isopropanol and diethyl phthalate, on a silicon surface in a single-component system and in a two-component system was measured in-situ using a quartz crystal microbalance in ambient nitrogen with controlled humidity. The measured behavior was analyzed based on the rate theory. The surface concentration in a steady state changes corresponding to the gas phase concentrations of isopropanol and diethyl phthalate. The measurement results are interpreted under the assumption that the larger limit of surface concentration in a multi-component system depends on the rate parameters and the gas phase concentration of the organic compounds.
Dispersion-scan measurements of few-cycle pulses compressed with the multiplate continuum process (2017)

Summary form only given. Multiplate continuum [1] (MPC) is a recent supercontinuum generation (SCG) technique for spectral broadening of ultrashort laser pulses. Compared to the well-established SCG of mJ-level pulses by self-phase modulation in gas-filled hollow-core fibers (HCFs) [2, 3], the MPC uses solid-state media (a set of thin glass plates) and has more relaxed beam alignment and stability requirements. An important advantage of MPC is that it effectively circumvents the limited input peak power of traditional SCG in bulk media, showing great promise for scaling to higher pulse energies and peak power compared to HCF-based compression.In this work, we report on the complete (amplitude and phase) temporal characterization of ultrashort laser pulses post-compressed by the MPC process, without any further pulse manipulation besides dispersion compensation, using the single-beam and fully inline dispersion scan (d-scan) technique [4] to simultaneously measure and compress the pulses. The MPC setup is much simpler than SCG in gases, i.e., it obviates the need of vacuum and gas handling equipment as required by HCF compression. Furthermore, it does not require a feedback system to maintain long-term alignment. We focused -30-fs, 140 μJ pulses from a CPA Ti:Sapphire amplifier (Femtopower Compact Pro CE-Phase) with a 1-meter focal length lens into a set of six unevenly spaced thin (100 μm) fused silica slides placed at Brewster's angle. The output beam was collimated and sent into a d-scan system comprising a set of dispersion-compensation mirrors (DCMs) and a glass wedge pair. Second-harmonic generation (SHG) d-scan traces of the pulses were obtained by measuring the spectrum of the SHG produced in a 5 μm BBO crystal as a function of dispersion around the point of maximum compression. The spectral phase of the pulses was then obtained by applying the d-scan algorithm to the measured d-scan traces and linear spectrum of the pulses. Figure 1b shows the measured temporal intensity of the compressed pulses as well as the transform-limited pulse (for reference). The corresponding spectrum and spectral phase are shown in Fig. 1c.
Effect of electro-optic modulation on coupled quasi-phase-matched frequency conversion (2005)

The electro-optic effect can be employed to modulate the refractive index of an optical superlattice. In coupled quasi-phase matched processes, this modulation will introduce quasi-phase mismatches and result in energy redistribution among the optical waves. Numerical results indicate that an efficient third harmonic in a periodic or quasi-periodic superlattice can be achieved by varying the external dc electric field. This method provides a simple and convenient way to control the efficiencies of frequency conversion.
Anorectal Injuries Incident to Enema Administration (1988)

Injuries to the anorectum have been described as having resulted from therapeutic enema use. We report three cases occurring in patients with premorbid perianal pathology. All extended hospitalization although each was managed nonoperatively. These accidents can be prevented by pre-enema rectal examination and attention to perianal anatomy and patient complaints of discomfort during the procedure.
In-situ synthesize of graphene-Mn3O4 nanocomposites for high-rate pseduocapacitive electrodes (2018)

Mn3O4 /graphene nanosheets (GNS) composites serve as very excellent electrode materials for supercapacitors. They can fully combine the advantages of two materials such as graphene and metal oxide. Meanwhile, they can improve not only the specific energy and specific power of the materials, but also the cyclic stability of the materials. The results of the cyclic voltammetry and constant current charge discharge test on the composite electrode material have shown that the Mn3O4 /GNS powder sample has good capacitive performance. When the scanning rate is 5~50mV, the specific capacity retention rate of the composite electrode is 80.3% and 88% respectively. Mn3O4 nanoparticles, with the highest ratio of network coated GNS, exhibit a specific capacitance value of 957.6 F g&amp;minus;1 at a current density of 2 A g&amp;minus;1 in 1 M Na2SO4 solution. Besides, its network structure demonstrates high specific capacity and multiplying performance.
Filial Egg-Cannibalism in the Brook Stickleback, Culaea Inconstans (Kirtland) (1985)

Filial cannibalism was directly verified in the laboratory. All test males (n = 43) ate some or all of their own 125I labelled eggs. Eight males successfully reared some eggs to hatching. This success rate is comparable to those in the literature for other Gasterosteid species. Parental males and their nests were removed individually from a dugout. Differences in the importance of eggs in diet and the frequency of egg-consumption between trap-caught fish and parental males offered indirect evidence for the occurrence of filial cannibalism. Of 22 egg-guarding males which cannibalized eggs, 21 contained eggs at the same stage as eggs in their nest. In cases where the nearest neighbouring nest contained eggs of a different age, filial cannibalism (rather than egg-robbery) could be assumed in at least seven of 13 parental males which ate eggs.