gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Edwardsiella ictaluri Isolates from Natural Outbreaks of Bacillary Necrosis of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus in Vietnam (2008)

The purpose of this study was to assess the in vitro susceptibility of 64 Vietnamese isolates of Edwardsiella ictaluri, the causal agent of the infectious disease Bacillus Necrosis Pangasius in Pangasianodon hypophthalmus, using the agar dilution technique. All isolates originated from different farms and were collected between 2002 and 2005. None of the isolates displayed acquired resistance to amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, chloramphenicol, florfenicol, gentamicin, kanamycin, neomycin, and nitrofurantoin. Acquired resistance to streptomycin was detected in 83%, to oxytetracycline in 81%, and to trimethoprim in 71% of the isolates, as indicated by a bimodal distribution of the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of these antimicrobials. The MICs of enrofloxacin displayed a monomodal distribution with tailing toward the higher MIC values, possibly indicating reduced susceptibility of a minority of isolates (3 out of the 64). For the quinolone antimicrobial agents flumequin and oxolinic acid, acquired resistance was encountered in 8% and 6% of the strains, respectively. All strains were intrinsically resistant to the polypeptide antimicrobial agent colistin. Seventy-three percent of the isolates were shown to have acquired resistance to at least three antimicrobial agents. The results of this study emphasize the strict need to control both the prophylactic and curative use of antimicrobial agents in Vietnamese aquaculture.
[The hyperiricosuria as an indicator of derangement of biologic functions of endoecology and adaptation, biologic reactions of excretion, inflammation and arterial tension]. (2012)

During millions years in all animals allantoine (oxidized by uricase uric acid) was catabolite of purines and ascorbic acid was an acceptor of active forms of oxygen. The proximal tubules of nephron reabsorbed the trace amounts of uric acid Then during phylogenesis the primates had a mutation of ascorbic acid gen minus. Later on occurred a second spontaneous mutation and uricase gen minus and uric acid became catabolites of purines. In absence of ascorbic acid synthesis ions of urates became a major capturers of active forms of oxygen and all uric acid as before underwent the reabsorption. Later the carriers were formed which began in epithelium of proximal tubules to secrete all uric acid into urine. At every incident of "littering" of intercellular medium with endogenic flogogens (impairment of biologic function of endoecology) under compensatory development of biologic reaction of inflammation the need in inactivation of active forms of oxygen increases. Hence later on in phylogenesis one more stage was formed--post secretory reabsorption of uric acid In the biologic reaction of inflammation epithelium of proximal tubules initiates retentional hyperiricosuria. The general antioxidant activity of human blood plasma in 60% is presented by urates' ions. The excretion of uric acid includes 4 stages: filtration, full reabsorption, secretion and post secretory reabsorption. In phylogenesis these stages formed in sequence. The mild hyperiricosuria is most frequently considered as a non-specific indicator of activation of biologic reaction of inflammation. The productive hyperiricosuria develops more infrequently under surplus of meat food and cytolysis syndrome (intensification of cell loss in vivo). Under concentration of uric acid more than 400 mkmol/l part of urates circulates in intercellular medium in the form of crystals. The microcrystals of uric acid (biologic "litter") initiate the syndrome of systemic inflammatory response as an endogenic flogogen--initiator of inflammation. The uric acid in the form of ion-capturers of active forms of oxygen is involved into in the formation of syndrome of compensatory anti-inflammatory defense. It may be assumed that simultaneously with post-secretory reabsorption of ions of urates in proximal tubules of nephron occurs intensification of philogenetically late post-secretory reabsorption of ions of sodium and activation of of biologic reaction of hydrodynamic and hydraulic pressure in local pool of intravascular medium i.e. arterial tension. The uric acid simultaneously participates in realization of biologic function of endoecology and adaptation, biologic reactions of excretion, inflammation and arterial tension.
A new method to determine postantibiotic effect and effects of subinhibitory antibiotic concentrations (1993)

It has been shown that bacteria in a postantibiotic (PA) phase exposed to subinhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of antibiotics show a long delay before regrowth. This effect has been named the PA sub-MIC effect (PA SME). In the present study, we have used a new method to demonstrate this phenomenon. A computerized incubator for bacteria, Bioscreen C (Lab Systems, Helsinki, Finland), which incubates the bacteria, measures growth continuously by vertical photometry, processes the data, and provides a printout of the results was used. With this method, one may easily test several antibiotics against different bacteria for PA effects (PAEs), PA SMEs, and SMEs. In this study, the effects of benzylpenicillin against beta-hemolytic streptococci and pneumococci were examined. The bacteria were exposed to 2, 10, or 50x MIC for 2 h, washed and diluted, incubated in the Bioscreen C incubator, and then exposed to 0.1 to 0.9x MIC. The regrowth was monitored for 20 h. The PAE was calculated as the difference in the time required for the exposed and unexposed bacteria to grow to a defined point (A50) on the absorbance curve. A50 was defined as 50% of the maximum absorbance for the control cultures. The PA SMEs were calculated as the difference in the time required for the reexposed cultures and the unexposed controls to reach A50. The PAEs ranged between 0.6 and 3.2 h and varied little with the concentration used for the induction of the PAEs. At 0.2x MIC, the PA SMEs were 2 to 3 h longer than the PAEs. Higher sub-MICs increased this delay before regrowth. Most cultures exposed to sub-MICs alone were only slightly affected compared with the controls.
Abnormal Erythropoiesis in Microgravity. (2004)

Abstract Humans and experimental animals subjected to microgravity, such as experienced during space flight, exhibit alterations in erythropoiesis, including changes in red blood cell morphology, survival and a reduction in red blood cell mass. Some of these alterations have been attributed to a disruption of normal in vivo erythropoietin physiology. However, human bone marrow cells grown on orbit showed a profound reduction in the number of erythroid cells, suggesting a cellular component. We now report the results of a study carried out on orbit on the International Space Station (ISS UF-1) in which an erythroid cell line was induced to differentiate. Rauscher murine erythroleukemia cells, a continuous cell line that can undergo erythropoietin (Epo)- or chemical-induced differentiation similar to normal erythropoiesis, were cultured for 6 days either in microgravity on board the ISS or on earth and then for 3 days in the absence or presence of 50 U Epo/ml or 0.7% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The cells were fixed, stored on orbit and returned to earth for study. Compared to ground-based controls, cells cultured in microgravity exhibited a greater degree of differentiation (hemoglobinization) (p&lt;0.01). However, TER-119 antigen, a specific marker of the late stages of murine erythroid differentiation, was not detected on the surface of cells grown in microgravity. A significantly higher percentage (p&lt;0.05) of cell clusters formed on orbit, whereas actin content appeared reduced. Furthermore, there was a more profound loss of actin stress fibers in microgravity following Epo or DMSO treatment. These results demonstrate abnormal erythropoiesis in vitro in microgravity and are consistent with the hypothesis that erythropoiesis is affected by gravitational forces at the cellular level.(Supported by NASA Grants NAG9-1368 and NAG2-1592 to AJS)
Raman Spectroscopic Method for Identification of Clinically Relevant Microorganisms Growing on Solid Culture Medium (1999)

Routine clinical microbiological identification of pathogenic microorganisms is largely based on nutritional and biochemical tests. In the case of severely ill patients, the unavoidable time delay associated with such identification procedures can be fatal. We present a novel identification method based on confocal Raman microspectroscopy. With this approach it is possible to obtain Raman spectra directly from microbial microcolonies on the solid culture medium, which have developed after only 6 h of culturing for the most commonly encountered organisms. Due to the limited thickness of microcolonies, some of the underlying culture medium is sampled together with the bacteria. Spectra measured at different depths in a microcolony contain different amounts of the medium signal. A mathematical routine, involving vector algebra, is described for the nonsubjective correction of spectra for variable signal contributions of the medium. To illustrate the possibilities of our approach for the identification of microorganisms, Raman spectra were collected from 6-h microcolonies of five bacterial strains on solid culture medium. The classification results show that confocal Raman microspectroscopy has great potential as a powerful new tool in clinical diagnostic microbiology.
Backdoor Detection Using Machine Learning (2017)

This research aims to design a backdoor detection technique by using machine learning approach. The implication of this research is to ensure a more effective backdoor detection in network platforms. Security measures against these problems include the use of software programs such as backdoor detection programs. One technique is machine learning (ML); that is a set of tools by which a machine can learn new concepts and new patterns based on a history of learned patterns. The work concentrated on application backdoors which are embedded within the code of a legitimate application. The proposed program in this research is an improvement to backdoor detection based on machine learning techniques. It is developed in Java and employs both supervised and unsupervised methods in the WEKA tool. This helps improving the detection compared to previous methods such fuzzy logic. The results of the experiments have proven that the proposed program is better at detecting backdoors than fuzzy logic when valuated with similar data set. This proves that combining K-Nearest Neighbour and Naive Bayes algorithms is better than using Fuzzy Logic method. The program encountered less false positives and detected all backdoors in the dataset.
Scintillating quantum dots for imaging x-rays (SQDIX) for aircraft inspection (2016)

Scintillation is the process currently employed by conventional X-ray detectors to create X-ray images. Scintillating quantum dots (StQDs) or nano-crystals are novel, nanometer-scale materials that upon excitation by X-rays, re-emit the absorbed energy as visible light. StQDs theoretically have higher output efficiency than conventional scintillating materials and are more environmentally friendly. This paper will present the characterization of several critical elements in the use of StQDs that have been performed along a path to the use of this technology in wide spread X-ray imaging. Initial work on the scintillating quantum dots for imaging X-rays (SQDIX) system has shown great promise to create state-of-the-art sensors using StQDs as a sensor material. In addition, this work also demonstrates a high degree of promise using StQDs in microstructured fiber optics. Using the microstructured fiber as a light guide could greatly increase the capture efficiency of a StQDs based imaging sensor.
Development and impact analysis of 3-year-old child FE human model (2007)

In a previous study, a 3-year old child FE human model was developed by scaling down an adult male FE human model. Scaling down was performed for body dimensions, joint characteristics, and material properties. The focus of this current study is biofidelity validation and enhancement of the 3-year-old child FE human model. The biofidelity of the model was evaluated by simulating thoracic pendulum impact tests, abdominal pendulum impact tests, abdominal lap-belt tests and neck loading tests. Furthermore, the same impact simulations were performed using a Hybrid III 3-year-old dummy model to investigate the differences of impact response between the human and dummy numerical models. Finally, a second generation of the 3-year-old child FE human model was developed with the aim of improving biofidelity. Impact response tests were performed on this new model and a preliminary indication of the improved biofidelity was made from responses of a single pendulum impact scenario.
[The medical record at the center of medical informatics]. (1992)

Several areas in medical institutions, particularly the technical and administrative ones have been governed by computers for a long time. The proper medical work field (diagnosis, treatment, follow-up, correspondence and billing) however has hitherto mostly been ignored by data processing. We describe an electronic medical record introduced 4 years ago. All aspects of medical practise and all the specialists involved in patient care are integrated in the electronic document. In the center is a medical base of knowledge adaptable to all specialties as well as an expert system for direct control of the data entered by all concerned persons.
The excretion of phylloerythrin and bilirubin by calves and sheep. (1976)

Under general anaesthesia the common bile duct was ligated in two sheep and two calves. Occlusion of the duct was permanent and was followed by portal fibrosis, proliferation of bile ducts and intrahepatic bile stasis. Mild hepatic cell damage was accompanied by the release of glutamate dehydrogenase, sorbitol dehydrogenase and arginase into serum. The release of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase was slower but more continuous. One sheep and one calf developed peritonitis associated with the leakage of bile from a biopsy wound in the live. One of these animals and the other two on which biopsy was not performed became photosensitised on exposure to sunlight. The concentration of phylloerythrin was high in serum and urine. All animals became jaundiced and the increased concentration of bilirubin in serum and urine was mainly direct reacting, ie, conjugated with glucuronic acid.
Power prediction through energy consumption pattern recognition for smart buildings (2015)

In this paper, we propose a Non-negative Mixture of Experts (NME) model for smart buildings that is capable of making accurate power forecasting by recognizing characteristic consumption patterns. The model uses prediction error as a metric to guide the feature learning process subject to non-negativity constraints. The objective is to understand and model energy consumption behaviors in commercial buildings at the appliance level so as to facilitate dynamic pricing and demand response. Application of the NME model to a large dataset of device power measurements results in the discovery of meaningful energy usage patterns that are characteristic of the working and idle states of the building space, with the additional advantage that the learned features also optimize the energy prediction model. The model can be learned by stochastic gradient descent, which is suitable for large-scale problems, and an online version is also suggested.
Design of Prototype Carbide Subassemblies and an Evaluation of Proof-Testing Plans in the FFTF (1975)

A preliminary assessment of proof testing 13 prototypical liquid-metal fast breeder reactor (LMFBR) carbide fuel assemblies in fast test reactor (FTR) driver positions leads to the conclusion that the testing plan is practical and should produce a large amount of data at operating conditions very similar to those that would be found in large commercial carbide-fueled LMFBRs.Three subassembly configurations were designed, each capable of being directly substituted into FTR driver positions and made compatible with the FTR geometry, fuel handling, power, temperature, subassembly flow rates, and pin-bundle pressure drop. Two sodium-bonded designs, one with 91 fuel pins with a 0.370-in. o.d. and the other with 127 fuel pins with a 0.315-in. o.d. per subassembly were established.Calculated peak linear power and peak discharge burnup slightly exceed present commercial design objectives of 30 kW/ft and 73 MWd/kg. Individual assembly power history, flux, and enrichments are represented quite well in the FTR for commercial outer-zone fuel assemblies. Inner-zone operating conditions, however, are not simulated as closely. Impact effects of the proof-test assemblies on FTR operation are judged to be manageable.
Ultrawideband (UWB) Radar Imaging of Building Interior: Measurements and Predictions (2009)

In this paper, we explore using the ultrawideband radar technology for sensing through-the-wall imaging. We conducted a field experiment with our in-house designed impulse-based radar, in which a stripmap synthetic aperture radar (SAR) geometry was employed in mapping an abandoned army barrack building with a large footprint area. The images obtained from two sides of the building were combined in order to obtain the full building layout, including the interior structure. Computer simulations performed with Xpatch, a physical optics-based ray tracing code, are used to explain some phenomena observed in the measured SAR images.
Oncogenic KRAS G12D mutation promotes dimerization through a second, phosphatidylserine–dependent interface: a model for KRAS oligomerization (2021)

KRAS forms transient dimers and higher-order multimers (nanoclusters) on the plasma membrane, which drive MAPK signaling and cell proliferation. KRAS is a frequently mutated oncogene, and while it is well known that the most prevalent mutation, G12D, impairs GTP hydrolysis, thereby increasing KRAS activation, G12D has also been shown to enhance nanoclustering. Elucidating structures of dynamic KRAS assemblies on a membrane has been challenging, thus we have refined our NMR approach that uses nanodiscs to study KRAS associated with membranes. We incorporated paramagnetic relaxation enhancement (PRE) titrations and interface mutagenesis, which revealed that, in addition to the symmetric 'α-α' dimerization interface shared with wild-type KRAS, the G12D mutant also self-associates through an asymmetric 'α-β' interface. The 'α-β' association is dependent on the presence of phosphatidylserine lipids, consistent with previous reports that this lipid promotes KRAS self-assembly on the plasma membrane in cells. Experiments using engineered mutants to spoil each interface, together with PRE probes attached to the membrane or free in solvent, suggest that dimerization through the primary 'α-α' interface releases β interfaces from the membrane promoting formation of the secondary 'α-β' interaction, potentially initiating nanoclustering. In addition, the small molecule BI-2852 binds at a β-β interface, stabilizing a new dimer configuration that outcompetes native dimerization and blocks the effector-binding site. Our data indicate that KRAS self-association involves a delicately balanced conformational equilibrium between transient states, which is sensitive to disease-associated mutation and small molecule inhibitors. The methods developed here are applicable to biologically important transient interactions involving other membrane-associated proteins.
High-quality clock distribution method with fast-restoration for synchronous ring networks (2002)

In synchronous networks, the reference timing signal of the primary reference clock is distributed to each clock supply module (CSM), which provides clocks to the communication equipment in each node. This paper proposes a high-quality clock distribution method for synchronous ring networks. Since the reference is directly fed into each CSM in the ring without going through the CSMs in the intermediate nodes, each CSM receives the reference with a small amount of wander. The restoration procedure of the proposed clock distribution path is performed only within the node nearest to the failure and does nor require communication between nodes. Therefore, it has a short restoration delay.
Mimotopes of the disialoganglioside GD2 elicit anti-GD2 antibodies recognising GD2 on melanoma cells (2006)

12505 Background: The disialoganglioside GD2, a carbohydrate antigen, is expressed on all tumors of neuroectodermal origin, including melanoma, sarcoma, neuroblastoma and small cell lung cancer. Due to its specific expression on tumor surfaces, GD2 is an attractive target for immunotherapy. The mouse/human chimeric antibody form ch14.18 was already applied in melanoma and neuroblastoma trials as passive immunotherapy. We aimed to replace the poorly immunogenic ganglioside with highly immunogenic peptides, in order to establish an active immunotherapy. Methods: We used the ch14.18 antibody to select GD2 mimotopes. In the present study, two mimics of the ch14.18 epitope were chosen for immunogenicity evaluation. The mimics were coupled to KLH (keyhole limpet hemocyanin) in order make them more immunogenic. Three groups of BALB/c mice were immunized i.p with the mimotope conjugates (GRL-KLH or DGG-KLH), or the carrier protein KLH alone. Results: BALB/c mice immunized with the mimotope conjugates indeed showed a specific humoral immune response towards the purified original antigen GD2 in ELISA, and also against the natural GD2 melanoma cell lysate in Western Blots. As the elicited antibodies were of the IgG isotype, the mimotope conjugates are capable of recruiting T cell help and inducing memory phenomena. Conclusion: We are able to show that an epitope of the carbohydrate antigen GD2 can successfully be translated into immunogenic peptide epitope mimics. Moreover, immunizations with these mimics induced IgG antibodies again recognizing the original antigen. We thus provide evidence that GD2 mimotopes are suitable candidates for active immunotherapy of GD2 expressing tumors. The work was supported by BioLife Science GmbH, Vienna, Austria; by project grant #10965 of the Austrian National Bank Science Fund; and by the Center of Excellence in Clinical and Experimental Oncology (CLEXO), Austrian Federal Ministry of Education, Science and Culture (GZ200.062/2-VI/1/2002). A.B. Riemer and K.H. Brämswig are recipients of Hans &amp; Blanca Moser Fund scholarships. The work was also supported by DFG (Lo635–2) and Fördergesellschaft Kinderkrebs-Neuroblastomforschung to H.N.Lode. [Table: see text]