gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The new chemistry (2000)

Preface Nina Hall Introduction Roald Hoffman 1. The search for new elements Glenn Seaborg and Walter Loveland 2. Bonding and theory of atoms and molecules John N. Murrell 3. Chemistry in a new light Jim Baggott 4. Novel energy sources for reactions Shono Tatsuya, D. Michael P. Mingos, David R. Baghurst and Paul D. Lickiss 5. What, why and when is a metal? Peter P. Edwards 6. The clothing of metal ions: coordination chemistry at the turn of the millennium Malcolm Chisholm 7. Surface chemistry Gabor A. Somorjai 8. New roads to molecular complexity K. C. Nicolaou, E. W. Yue and T. Oshima 9. Medicines from nature Jim Staunton and Kira Weissman 10. From pharms to farms Stanley Roberts, Bhupinder Khambay and Richard H. Bromilow 11. Metals in biology Robert J. P. Williams 12. Supramolecular chemistry Jean-Marie Lehn and Philip Ball 13. Advanced materials Paul Calvert 14. Molecular electronics Bob Munn 15. Electrochemical and photochemical energy conservation Andrew Hamnett and Paul Christensen 16. Chemistry far from equilibrium: thermodynamics, order and chaos Ilya Prigogine, Dilip Kondepudi and Guy Dewel 17. Chemistry in society Colin Russell.
Temporally and spatially resolved plasma spectroscopy in pulsed laser deposition of ultra-thin boron nitride films (2015)

Physical vapor deposition (PVD) has recently been investigated as a viable, alternative growth technique for two-dimensional materials with multiple benefits over other vapor deposition synthesis methods. The high kinetic energies and chemical reactivities of the condensing species formed from PVD processes can facilitate growth over large areas and at reduced substrate temperatures. In this study, chemistry, kinetic energies, time of flight data, and spatial distributions within a PVD plasma plume ablated from a boron nitride (BN) target by a KrF laser at different pressures of nitrogen gas were investigated. Time resolved spectroscopy and wavelength specific imaging were used to identify and track atomic neutral and ionized species including B+, B*, N+, N*, and molecular species including N2*, N2+, and BN. Formation and decay of these species formed both from ablation of the target and from interactions with the background gas were investigated and provided insights into fundamental growth mechanisms of continuous, amorphous boron nitride thin films. The correlation of the plasma diagnostic results with film chemical composition and thickness uniformity studies helped to identify that a predominant mechanism for BN film formation is condensation surface recombination of boron ions and neutral atomic nitrogen species. These species arrive nearly simultaneously to the substrate location, and BN formation occurs microseconds before arrival of majority of N+ ions generated by plume collisions with background molecular nitrogen. The energetic nature and extended dwelling time of incident N+ ions at the substrate location was found to negatively impact resulting BN film stoichiometry and thickness. Growth of stoichiometric films was optimized at enriched concentrations of ionized boron and neutral atomic nitrogen in plasma near the condensation surface, providing few nanometer thick films with 1:1 BN stoichiometry and good thicknesses uniformity over macroscopic areas.
Adaptive Equalizer with Reduced Computational Complexity for Improved Capacity and Ergodic Rate in OFDM-MIMO System (2010)

A wireless channel model can be considered both as a time-domain and frequency-domain channel with stationary and ergodic features. As a time-domain channel it is complex normal and independent across filter taps and users. Similarly in frequency-domain it has correlated channel gains across subcarriers. In this context, in this paper, anticipative models where decisions are made based on the distribution and the actual realizations of the random quantities (adaptive models) are presented for MIMO system. A novel premodulation filter and adaptive code synchronization scheme is discussed. Multistage recourse models with non-anticipative action for the 1st stage and recourse actions for the 2nd stage based on the realization of the random quantities are presented. The work shall assist in improved definitive prioritization among users and can trace boundary of capacity region with specified ratio. The proposed algorithms are adaptive with low complexity and more suited for online processing.
The Taxation System of the Shansi-Chahar-Hopei Border Region, 1938–1945 (1970)

Shansi-Chahar-Hopei was one of the largest of the Chinese Communist areas during the war against Japan and was the only one of the areas behind the Japanese lines to receive some sort of recognition from the National Government. (Its boundaries were the Tat'ung–T'aiyuan railway on the west and T'aiyuan–Shihchiachuang–Techow railway lines in the south and it extended into Jehol and Liaoning in the north. The population under its control may have reached 20 millions.) In its general level of administration, Shansi-Chahar-Hopei was probably the most advanced of the Communist wartime areas. Its government had started the earliest, at the beginning of 1938, and it was able to develop with less Kuomintang-Communist friction than other areas. It had more than the average proportion of educated officials since, as it adjoined the Peiping-Tientsin area, students or other intellectuals who decided to leave the occupied areas to take part in anti-Japanese work were most likely to come to Shansi-Chahar-Hopei. And, while much of the mountain base area west of the P'ing-Han railway was very primitive, Central Hopei had reached a fairly high level of economic and social development before 1937.
Design, synthesis and antimycotic activity of (N-heteroaryl)arylmethanamines (1996)

The design, synthesis and antimycotic activities of 18 (N-heteroaryl)arylmethanamines are reported. The MIC against Candida strains of the most active amine, 3-(p-methylbenzylamino)quinoline, is comparable to that of pyrrolnitrin.
Inhibitors of ethylene responses in plants at the receptor level: Recent developments (1997)

A number of organic molecules that appear to block the ethylene receptor have been discovered recently. For example, on irradiation with visible light, diazocyclopentadiene (DACP), gives rise to some potent but as yet unidentified inhibitor compounds. Some synthetic cyclopropenes have been shown to bind to the ethylene receptor and prevent the physiological action of ethylene for extended periods. Cyclopropene (CP). 1‐methylcyclopropene (1‐MCP) and 3,3‐dimethylcyclopropene (3,3‐DMCP) have been shown to prevent ethylene effects in a number of plants. As low a concentration as 0.5 nl l −1 of 1‐MCP is sufficient to protect carnation ( Dianthus caryophyllus ) flowers for several days against ethylene, and 0.7 nl l −1 1‐MCP or CP will prevent the ripening of banana ( Musa sapientum ) for 12 days at 24°C. Some plant organs require higher concentrations of these inhibitors. Complete inhibition of ethylene effects in pea seedlings requires treatment with 40 n1 1 −1 of 1‐MCP. These novel inhibitors appear to be suitable for many commercial applications including extending the vase life of cut flowers and the display life of potted plants. Since 1‐MCP apparently is non‐toxic at concentrations that are active, it may in future be available for regulating the ripening of fruits and preventing the deleterious effects of ethylene in vegetables.
Biofilm formation of Clostridium difficile and susceptibility to Manuka Honey (2014)

Manuka honey has antibacterial properties capable of inhibiting in vitro biofilm formed by C. difficile.
Biochemical characterization of RecBCD enzyme from an Antarctic Pseudomonas species and identification of its cognate Chi (χ) sequence (2018)

Pseudomonas syringae Lz4W RecBCD enzyme, RecBCDPs, is a trimeric protein complex comprised of RecC, RecB, and RecD subunits. RecBCD enzyme is essential for P. syringae growth at low temperature, and it protects cells from low temperature induced replication arrest. In this study, we show that the RecBCDPs enzyme displays distinct biochemical behaviors. Unlike E. coli RecBCD enzyme, the RecD subunit is indispensable for RecBCDPs function. The RecD motor activity is essential for the Chi-like fragments production in P. syringae, highlighting a distinct role for P. syringae RecD subunit in DNA repair and recombination process. Here, we demonstrate that the RecBCDPs enzyme recognizes a unique octameric DNA sequence, 5'-GCTGGCGC-3' (ChiPs) that attenuates nuclease activity of the enzyme when it enters dsDNA from the 3'-end. We propose that the reduced translocation activities manifested by motor-defective mutants cause cold sensitivity in P. syrinage; emphasizing the importance of DNA processing and recombination functions in rescuing low temperature induced replication fork arrest.
Leukotriene C 4 Transport by the Choroid Plexus in Vitro (1985)

Nanomolar concentrations of peptidoleukotrienes evoke sustained cerebral edema and arterial constriction. Peptidoleukotrienes are thus considered to play an important role in eliciting cerebral edema after cerebral ischemia and vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage. It was hypothesized that the choroid plexus, the locus of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier, might minimize the vasoactivity of locally generated or systemically derived leukotrienes by transporting leukotrienes from cerebrospinal fluid into the blood. Consistent with this hypothesis, leukotriene C4 in vitro was transported into and released from isolated rabbit choroid plexus by a system that was specific, energy-dependent, probenecid-sensitive, and depressed by cold temperatures. The accumulation of leukotriene C4 in the choroid plexus was not dependent on tissue binding or metabolism of leukotriene C4.
Preoperative Plasma Tau-PT217 and Tau-PT181 Are Associated With Postoperative Delirium (2022)

Preoperative plasma concentrations of Tau-PT217 and Tau-PT181 were associated with postoperative delirium, with Tau-PT217 being a stronger indicator of postoperative delirium than Tau-PT181.
Methanobrevibacter millerae sp. nov. and Methanobrevibacter olleyae sp. nov., methanogens from the ovine and bovine rumen that can utilize formate for growth (2007)

Four formate-utilizing methanogens were isolated from ovine (strain KM1H5-1P(T)) and bovine (strains AK-87, OCP and ZA-10(T)) rumen contents. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the methanogen strains were found to belong to the order Methanobacteriales in the genus Methanobrevibacter. Strains ZA-10(T) and KM1H5-1P(T) gained energy for growth by the reduction of CO(2) to CH(4) using H(2) or formate exclusively as electron donors. Increasing formate concentrations to 220 mM in batch cultures increased the growth of strain KM1H5-1P(T) but did not affect the growth of strain ZA-10(T). Substrate specificity and resistance to cell-wall lysis supported the affiliation of the strains to the genus Methanobrevibacter. Strains ZA-10(T) and KM1H5-1P(T) showed 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.0 and 98.6 % to their closest recognized relatives, Methanobrevibacter thaueri CW(T) and Methanobrevibacter ruminantium M1(T), respectively. DNA-DNA hybridization experiments indicated that the strains were not affiliated at the species level to their closest recognized relatives, with DNA reassociation values of only 28 % between strains ZA-10(T) and Methanobrevibacter thaueri CW(T) and <25 % between strains KM1H5-1P(T) and Methanobrevibacter ruminantium M1(T). Based on the data presented, the new strains are considered to represent two novel species of the genus Methanobrevibacter, for which the names Methanobrevibacter millerae sp. nov. (type strain ZA-10(T)=DSM 16643(T)=OCM 820(T)) and Methanobrevibacter olleyae sp. nov. (type strain KM1H5-1P(T)=DSM 16632(T)=OCM 841(T)) are proposed.
Monolithic integration of high voltage driver circuits and MEMS actuators by ASIC-like postprocess (2005)

In this paper, we report monolithic integration of MEMS (micro electro mechanical systems) actuators and high-voltage driver circuits into a silicon chip. Driver circuits of up to 40 V were prepared on an 8-/spl mu/m-thick SOI (silicon-on-insulator) wafer by the DMOS (double-diffused metal oxide semiconductor) processes, after which MEMS electrostatic actuators were integrated into an identical SOI layer by post-processing using DRIE (deep reactive ion etching). This technique opens up a new way of high-voltage ASIC (application specific integrated circuit) for MEMS designer. As a prototype application model, we have developed microlens optical scanners and other elementary MEMS electrostatic actuators with multi-channel driver circuits.
Identification of particle-particle interactions in suspension polymerization reactors (2005)

Suspension polymerization is commonly used to produce micron-sized (10-1000 /spl mu/m) polymer beads, in which the final particle size distribution is an important end-use property. This paper presents an integrated approach for the modeling, simulation, and parameter estimation of particle-particle dynamics during suspension polymerization. This approach integrates in situ particle size measurement with a high resolution finite volume algorithm to estimate the kinetics of particle-particle interactions while accounting for polymerization kinetics and viscoelastic effects. The resulting simulation model is sufficiently computationally efficient to enable the numerical solution of optimal control problems based on first-principles models of suspension polymerization.
Isolation and preliminary characterization of Pichia pinus mutants insensitive to glucose repression (1994)

A new method for the isolation of glucose repression-insensitive mutants in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pinus was developed. The method is based on screening of small suspension samples derived from 2-deoxyglucose-resistant colonies for alcohol oxidase activity. Alcohol oxidase activity was evaluated by determination of formaldehyde excreted by cells. Mutants with glucose non-repressible alcohol oxidase and catalase synthesis were obtained. All mutants grew poorly on D-xylose compared to the wild type, whereas growth on L-arabinose was similar to the wild type. Changes in the glucose transport system were suggested to be responsible for altered growth characteristics and defective glucose repression.
Immunization of Primates with a Newcastle Disease Virus-Vectored Vaccine via the Respiratory Tract Induces a High Titer of Serum Neutralizing Antibodies against Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus (2007)

The ongoing outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) in birds, the incidence of transmission to humans with a resulting high mortality rate, and the possibility of a human pandemic warrant the development of effective human vaccines against HPAIV. We developed an experimental live-attenuated vaccine for direct inoculation of the respiratory tract based on recombinant avian Newcastle disease virus (NDV) expressing the hemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein of H5N1 HPAIV (NDV-HA). Expression of the HPAIV HA gene slightly reduced NDV virulence, as evidenced by the increased mean embryo death time and reduced replication in chickens. NDV-HA was administered to African green monkeys in two doses of 2 x 10(7) infectious units each with a 28-day interval to evaluate the systemic and local antibody responses specific to H5N1 HPAIV. The virus was shed only at low titers from the monkeys, indicative of safety. Two doses of NDV-HA induced a high titer of H5N1 HPAIV-neutralizing serum antibodies in all of the immunized monkeys. Moreover, a substantial mucosal immunoglobulin A response was induced in the respiratory tract after one and two doses. The titers of neutralizing antibodies achieved in this study suggest that the vaccine would be likely to prevent mortality and reduce morbidity caused by the H5N1 HPAIV. In addition, induction of a local immune response in the respiratory tract is an important advantage that is likely to reduce or prevent transmission of the virus during an outbreak or a pandemic. This vaccine is a candidate for clinical evaluation in humans.
FALLS DATA COLLECTION METHODS FROM A FALL PREVENTION TRIAL IN OLDER WOMEN CANCER SURVIVORS (2018)

Women with cancer are more likely to fall than women without cancer placing them at high risk of fall-related fractures, other injuries and disabilities. Determining the efficacy of fall prevention programs depends upon reliable self-reporting of falls. The purpose of this paper is to describe the approach used to collect falls as a primary endpoint of a 12-month fall prevention exercise trial in older women cancer survivors. GET FIT (Group Exercise Training for Functional Improvement after Treatment) was a randomized controlled trial of women cancer survivors aged 50–75 years who had completed chemotherapy and were randomized into one of three exercise groups: strength training, tai chi, or seated stretching (control). We captured falls and injurious falls through monthly and quarterly self-report. Women with an e-mail address received surveys electronically via REDCap and women without one completed the survey by phone, postcard, or in exercise class. Out of 442 randomized women, 96% (n=422) reported having an e-mail. Women with an email address were more likely to be white race (p<0.01) and married/partnered (p<0.01). On average, 92% of participants with an e-mail completed the monthly survey electronically with less than 1% missing a monthly survey at any given month. Women without an e-mail took significantly more time to respond compared to women with an email (5 ± 4 days vs. 2 ± 4 days; p=0.003). Electronic data capture of self-report falls from older cancer survivors is feasible and efficient and may result in less recall error due to a shorter time to completion.
Measurement of internal stress and electric field in a resonant piezoelectric transformer using the electro-optic and photoelastic effects (2013)

Full characterization of a piezoelectric transformer (PT) requires knowledge of internal operating parameters such as electric field, stress, and strain. Finite-element numerical models can determine these parameters with respect to the geometry of the PT and input conditions. However, experimental verification of these parameters for a resonating PT are challenging due to the mechanical vibration and electrical loading effects. An optical measurement has been designed to measure internal electric field by taking advantage of the electro-optic and photoelastic effects that also occur in lithium niobate (LiNbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> ). The optical measurement can probe the PT without influencing its operation. A linearly polarized helium-neon laser beam was used to transversely probe a PT with respect to the input and output electric fields. As the piezoelectric effect caused variations in the internal electric field and strain, the superposition of the photoelastic and electro-optic effects resulted in a relative phase shift in the linearly polarized beam. The resultant phase shift was measured via intensity variations at a photodiode following a second linear polarizer. Internal parameters such as stress, strain, and electric field were calculated based on the coupled piezoelectric, photoelastic, and electro-optic equations. These results are presented for varying positions along the output section of a resonating LiNbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> length-extensional PT.
Targeting Thyrointegrin αvβ3 Using Fluorobenzyl Polyethylene Glycol Conjugated Tetraiodothyroacetic Acid (NP751) in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (2022)

Our preclinical findings of the potent anticancer activities of fb-PMT and its favorable safety profiles warrant its clinical investigation for the effective and safe management of AML.
Surface display of heterologous proteins in Bacillus thuringiensis using a peptidoglycan hydrolase anchor (2009)

Mbg can be a functional anchor protein to target different heterologous proteins onto the surface of B. thuringiensis cells. Since the LysM domain appears to be universal in Gram-positive bacteria, the strategy presented here could be applicable in other bacteria for developing this type of system.
Fixed PointTheory for Communication and Concurrency. (1982)

A system has been developed for maintaining the patency of double lumen silastic jugular catheters in patients with refractory vascular access problems. Most patients receive a small daily dose of aspirin. Selected patients also receive warfarin to maintain a prothrombin time (PT) of 15, 20, or 30 seconds. Inadequate blood flow due to thrombus obstruction can be overcome by the intravenous administration of urokinase, 250.000 units. This can be administered safely to outpatients provided that heparin is not given simultaneously. Occasionally a second dose may be required. By adopting this policy all catheter obstructions have been overcome. The danger of iatrogenic bleeding cannot be discounted. Warfarin therapy must be very closely monitored.
Los servicios en las relaciones intersectoriales de la economía : propuesta metodológica y evidencia (1998)

Con este documento de trabajo se pretende aportar un elemento adicional en el analisis del sector servicios, desde una doble perspectiva, metodologica y de evidencia empirica. En el amplio espectro de las investigaciones sobre las actividades terciarias, que han tenido lugar en las ultimas decadas, este trabajo se ubica en la linea del analisis desagregado, en el que se estudian las relaciones entre las diferentes ramas de actividad economica, ahupadas en la tradicional division tripartita, agricultura, industria y servicios. A partir del modelo input-output, se desarrolla una propuesta metodologica, que con posterioridad, posibilita analizar de forma pormenorizada la terciarizacion de una economia. La aplicacion de esta metodologia se realiza para el caso concreto de la economia andaluza durante el periodo 1980-90.
Status of Gigabit Home Networks with Polymer Optical Fibers (2010)

The paper presents the application of 1 mm core diameter step index POF for the transmission of 1 Gbit/s and more with extremely robust transmission systems. We compare the different modulation formats for POF.
Chemie von und mit hochaktiven Metallen (1993)

Abstract Den Synthesechemikern stehen heute viele Metallaktivierungsverfahren zur Verfügung. Nachdem mit der Einführung der Rieke‐Metalle zu Beginn der siebziger Jahre ein erster Durchbruch in der Metallaktivierung erzielt worden war, wurden in der Folge eine Reihe weiterer, zum Teil noch leistungsfähigerer Methoden entwickelt, mit denen nicht nur klassische metallinduzierte Umsetzungen substantiell verbessert, sondern auch völlig neuartige Reaktionen entdeckt werden konnten. Die einzelnen Aktivierungsverfahren werden in dieser Übersicht diskutiert und, soweit es mit den verfügbaren Daten möglich ist, miteinander verglichen. Dabei sind vor allem die Metall‐Graphit‐Kombinationen durch meist unübertroffene Wirksamkeit bei gleichzeitig einfacher Herstellung und Handhabung hervorzuheben. Wie zahlreiche Anwendungen dieser Reagentien auf polyfunktionelle Substrate, besonders Naturstoffe, zeigen, schließen sich hohe Reaktivität des Metalls und ausgezeichnete Selektivität der Reaktion keinesfalls aus. Neben den rein präparativen Aspekten werden auch die bisherigen Erkenntnisse über Grundlagen und Grenzen der Metallaktivierung vorgestellt und über Versuche zur Erfassung der Morphologie hochdisperser Systeme berichtet.