gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Epidemiological trends of HBV and HDV coinfection among HIV+ patients (2018)

Despite vaccination recommendations for HIV+ individuals, hepatitis B (HBV) and D (HDV) coinfections are common in HIV-patients. Recent immigration trends and high-risk behaviour among MSMs might have changed the epidemiology of HBV/HDV coinfection among HIV+ in Europe. Thus, we retrospectively evaluated HBV/HDV epidemiology in HIV+ individuals in Vienna.
Deformations of ic structure in test and yield learning (2004)

Abstract This paper argues that the existing approaches to modelingand characterization of IC malfunctions are inadequate fortest and yield learning of Deep Sub-Micron (DSM) products.Traditional notions of a spot defect and local and global pro-cess variations are analyzed and their shortcomings areexposed. A detailed taxonomy of process-induced deforma-tions of DSM IC structures, enabling modeling and charac-terization of IC malfunctions, is proposed. The blueprint of aroadmap enabling such a characterization is suggested. Keywords : yield learning, fault modeling, defects, diagno-sis, defect characterization. 1 Introduction The motivation, purpose and overall structure of this paperhave already been explained in the abstract above. The dis-cussion of the prior and relevant publications should be thenext natural component of this paper. But it is skipped aswell, even if there exists substantial body of relevant publi-cations in the related domain (some of them are listed as ref-erences in [1,2].) It is skipped to avoid unnecessarydiscussion of the weaknesses of related results presented inthe past. Simply, majority of published papers with the ICtechnology-oriented flavour (and prime examples are the fol-lowing papers co-written by the first author of this paper [3,4, 5, 6, 7, 8]) do not offer sufficient insight into failure mech-anisms to address challenges posed by the DSM era prod-ucts. A substantial portion of this paper attempts to justify theabove, somewhat provocative claim. Then the remainingportion of the paper is used to suggest directions of theresearch, which we should undertake to truly assist test andyield learning of modern era ICs.
An analytical approach to tool wear prediction (1979)

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1979.
An Intelligent Platform to Manage Offshore Assets (2009)

Abstract For offshore platforms and other facilities, intelligent asset management must include proactive monitoring of surface equipment. Studies (Athens Group, 2009) show that up to 20% of the non-productive time (NPT) experienced by a deepwater rig can be the result of control system failures on drilling or production equipment. But similar failures can impact the fixed surface equipment on the rig floor that can also shut down drilling or production operations. Timely management of the complex, software-dependent control systems from multiple equipment vendors on the rig floor can therefore be a major determinant of productivity for intelligent oilfield implementations. The primary goals of the Intelligent Platform (or I-Platform) are to reduce equipment downtime and personnel-on-board (POB) requirements while increasing reliability, safety, regulatory compliance and environmental responsibility. This requires defining operating envelopes that optimize equipment usage for costs and efficiencies, allowing early identification and intervention for pending equipment outages and enabling root-cause failure analysis that takes into account multiple environmental factors. The use of intelligent platform technology has already been proven for subsurface drilling and production data streams and has reached a competent level of capability maturity (Heiberger, 2009). The I-Platform solution applies best practices derived from numerous digital oilfield case studies to fixed surface equipment in order to reduce NPT. This solution is an end-to-end implementation for surface equipment that brings together mission-critical capabilities developed and already being deployed for downhole operations. It utilizes unique data analysis tools with artificial intelligence algorithms for codifying existing equipment expertise into business rules such as neural networks and self-organizing maps. Results of the data mining and analysis are delivered in a role-based and easily configurable visual dashboard for multiple aggregated data streams. A recent prototype installation utilizes data streams from a major offshore drilling contractor with a versatile fleet of mobile offshore drilling units and an operational performance center at a leading oilfield service company to demonstrate the viability of this approach for both offshore and remote onshore operations. The success of this proof of concept demonstrates that disparate data from multiple equipment vendors can be gathered from remote locations, analyzed and distilled into actionable items, and displayed in order to support proactive decisions by a distributed pool of subject matter experts.
Loop Components (1996)

Before embarking on an account of the overall loop operation, the four main loop components of figure 1.1 will now be described in some detail. Further information on these and other more exotic loop components may be found in a number of other sources including references 1 to 3.
Techniques for Minimizing the Basal Plane Dislocation Density in SiC Epilayers to Reduce V<sub>f</sub> Drift in SiC Bipolar Power Devices (2006)

Forward voltage instability, or Vf drift, has confounded high voltage SiC device makers for the last several years. The SiC community has recognized that the root cause of Vf drift in bipolar SiC devices is the expansion of basal plane dislocations (BPDs) into Shockley Stacking Faults (SFs) within device regions that experience conductivity modulation. In this presentation, we detail relatively simple procedures that reduce the density of Vf drift inducing BPDs in epilayers to &lt;10 cm-2 and permit the fabrication of bipolar SiC devices with very good Vf stability. The first low BPD technique employs a selective etch of the substrate prior to epilayer growth to create a near on-axis surface where BPDs intersect the substrate surface. The second low BPD technique employs lithographic and dry etch patterning of the substrate prior to epilayer growth. Both processes impede the propagation of BPDs into epilayers by preferentially converting BPDs into threading edge dislocations (TEDs) during the initial stages of epilayer growth. With these techniques, we routinely achieve Vf stability yields of up to 90% in devices with active areas from 0.006 to 1 cm2, implying that the utility of the processes is not limited by device size.
Indicator Technique for Antimetabolic Toxin Production by Phytopathogenic Species of Pseudomonas (1980)

A simple bacteriological technique involving inhibition zone production on a lawn of Escherichia coli was developed to detect antimetabolite toxin production by phytopathogenic species of Pseudomonas. It was established that the mechanism of E. coli inhibition paralleled that of phytotoxin-induced chlorosis of plant tissue. Derivatives of Pseudomonas tabaci and Pseudomonas phaseolicola which did not produce antimetabolite were readily identified by use of this technique. The presence of plasmid DNA in P. tabaci strains was demonstrated, but no physical evidence for plasmid involvement in tabtoxin production was found. The role of antimetabolite production in the pathogenicity of P. phaseolicola was also investigated. The method was extended to show that strains of P. maculicola, P. syringae, and P. coronofaciens also produce antimetabolites.
Effect of Configuration Addition of Precursors on Structure and Catalysis of Cu/SiO2 Catalysts Prepared by Ammonia Evaporation–Hydrothermal Method (2017)

The effect of a precursor’s configuration addition on the texture, composition, morphology, and catalytic performance of Cu/SiO2 catalysts, prepared by the ammonia evaporation–hydrothermal method (AE–H), was investigated. Different configuration additions of the precursor have significant impacts on the chrysocolla (Cu2Si2O5(OH)2) content, which determines the metal copper specific surface area due to the differing copper particle size and reducibility. The Lewis acid and basic sites of the reduced catalyst surface are linearly dependent on the copper specific surface area. In gas-phase hydrogenation of ethyl acetate to ethanol, the Lewis basic and acid sites have a synergistic effect on ethanol selectivity. The proper configuration addition of the precursors gave rise to the highest ethanol selectivity of 96% at reaction conditions of P = 2.40 MPa, T = 553 K, H2/AcOEt (molar ratio) = 40, liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV) = 1 h–1, and AcOEt/H2O/EtOH (mass ratio) = 90/6/4.
Local light-activation of the Src oncoprotein in an epithelial monolayer promotes collective extrusion (2019)

Abstract Transformed isolated cells are usually extruded from normal epithelia and subsequently eliminated. However, multicellular tumors outcompete healthy cells, highlighting the importance of collective effects. Here, we investigate this situation in vitro by controlling in space and time the activity of the Src oncoprotein within a normal Madin–Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) epithelial cell monolayer. Using an optogenetics approach with cells expressing a synthetic light-sensitive version of Src (optoSrc), we reversibly trigger the oncogenic activity by exposing monolayers to well-defined light patterns. We show that small populations of activated optoSrc cells embedded in the non-transformed monolayer collectively extrude as a tridimensional aggregate and remain alive, while the surrounding normal cells migrate towards the exposed area. This phenomenon requires an interface between normal and transformed cells and is partially reversible. Traction forces show that Src-activated cells either actively extrude or are pushed out by the surrounding cells in a non-autonomous way.
Design of optimal complex spreading codes for DS-CDMA using an evolutionary approach (2005)

The paper proposes a novel evolutionary approach to spreading code design in DS-CDMA. Specifically, a multiobjective evolutionary algorithm is used to generate complex spreading sequences that are optimized with respect to average mean square cross correlation and/or autocorrelation properties. A theoretical model is developed in order to demonstrate the optimality of the generated codes. The proposed algorithm enables spreading code design with no constraints on the code length. Furthermore, it is possible to generate K/spl ges/N codes of length N with very little cost in correlation properties. This results in significant capacity enhancement in DS-CDMA systems.
Continental sources, transoceanic transport, and interhemispheric exchange of carbon monoxide over the Pacific (2001)

The Pacific Exploratory Mission to the Tropics phase B (PEM‐Tropics B) aircraft campaign in March‐April 1999 surveyed the chemical composition of the Pacific atmosphere from 35°N to 35°S and up to 12 km altitude. We use these observations in combination with a global three‐dimensional model driven by assimilated meteorological observations to investigate the transport of northern hemispheric pollutants over the Pacific. We focus on carbon monoxide (CO) and tag it in the model by its region of origin. The model reproduces the observed large‐scale latitudinal, longitudinal, and vertical gradients of CO concentrations over the Pacific. Biomass burning in Southeast Asia, which was particularly intense in spring 1999, contributed most of the CO enhancements observed in the free troposphere over the northern tropical Pacific but played only a minor role in the boundary layer. Fossil fuel combustion in Europe and Asia contributed most of the observed CO enhancements in the boundary layer over the North Pacific; the European influence dominated over Asian influence north of 35°N. European influence over the Pacific is particularly strong in spring because of wintertime accumulation of CO at high latitudes. North American pollution made little contribution to CO anywhere over the Pacific. Circulation of Eurasian industrial pollution around the Pacific High and into the trade winds produced a tropical “river of pollution” flowing in the lower troposphere from the northeastern to the western equatorial Pacific and in the vicinity of the South Pacific Convergence Zone. This pathway, however, made little contribution to interhemispheric exchange. Elevated concentrations observed for CO and other northern hemispheric tracers in the upper troposphere over the southeastern Pacific provide evidence for efficient interhemispheric exchange through a narrow region of upper tropospheric westerlies in the eastern equatorial Pacific (the “westerly duct”). We find that this westerly duct was the most important pathway for global interhemispheric exchange during PEM‐Tropics B. It was particularly well developed because of the La Nina conditions.
Modeling the magnetic disturbance of pulsatile blood flow in a static magnetic field (2014)

Non-invasive continuous monitoring of blood flow may be particularly valuable for early detection of different anomalies such as hypovolemia and internal bleeding. Recent studies have demonstrated the potential clinical benefits of photo-plethysmography in detecting hypovolemia before the onset of cardiovascular decompensation. The magnetic sensing method bears advantages of size, weight, and cost along with less stringent body placement rules. In this work, a detailed three-dimensional mathematical model for the acquisition of the ventricular response using the disturbance created by magnetized blood undergoing a stationary permanent magnet is presented. The proposed model accounts for the different magnetic properties of the blood such as the relaxation time and the magnetic saturation. The blood flow is simulated by means of Navier-Stocks equations with pulsatile inlet pressure. The blood is assumed to be in the deoxygenated state and has a diamagnetic properties. Moreover, a moving mesh technique is implemented in the Finite-Element model to represent the idle and the moving states of the blood which provides the capability to model the magnetized blood as a moving magnet. The simulated magnetic field at different sensor locations is found to be in good agreement with experimental observations from the literature. The presented model can provide basis for understanding the magnetic modulated blood signal as well as the practical constraints that might be encountered in the design of such devices.
Robot application simulation (1979)

This paper represents a continuation of the earlier work as reported in Refs. More realism has been achieved and an increasing number of basic robots and “building blocks” have been developed. The rapidity with which Robot/ Workplace situations can be analyzed and performances evaluated ensures that this method is a practical tool for assisting the exploitation and promotion of Industrial Robot Technology.
Chromium Removal from Tannery Wastewater by Electrocoagulation: Optimization and Sludge Characterization (2020)

The treatment of tannery effluent is of great interest as it contains a complex mixture of pollutants, primarily chromium. The disposal of this wastewater can have adverse effects on the environment and aquatic life, which is an emerging problem for the environment. In this work, electrocoagulation is used to remove chromium from real tannery wastewater, focusing on performance optimization and sludge characterization. Electrocoagulation experiments were conducted using an electrochemical cell with iron electrodes immersed in a specific volume of tannery wastewater. Operating parameters, such as the initial chromium concentration, pH and current density as well as power consumption were evaluated to determine optimum chromium removal. The optimization was performed using Response Surface Methodology combined with central composite design. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the response, residual, probability, 3D surface and contour plots. The maximum chromium removal was 100% at the optimum values of 13 mA/cm2, 7 and 750 ppm for current density, pH and concentration, respectively.
Effectiveness of sugarcane residue and Polyacrylamide in reducing soil erosion from quarterdrains under Southern Louisiana weather conditions (2004)

Each spring, quarter-drains (small ditches perpendicular to sugarcane rows) are reconditionedto transfer runoff from furrows to main ditches. Bare soil surface in quarter-drains andfurrows are exposed to intense storms. Rainfall energy from these storms causes detachment of soilparticles and sediment transport from furrows through quarter drains to main ditches. Sedimentdiminishes capacity of these structures, thus requiring cleanup and increasing maintenance cost. Toimprove quarter drain function, an experiment was conducted to study effects of sugarcane residueand Polyacrylamide (PAM) on a reduction of soil sediment from quarter-drains under natural weatherconditions in spring 2003. Based on four storm events, PAM was ineffective in reducing soil sedimentwhen compared with residue left. PAM effectiveness was inhibited by abnormally dry weatherconditions in spring, 2003 and was related to the polymers chemical, photo, and mechanicaldegradation. However, sugarcane residue left on the field significantly reduced soil sediment by 40%in quarter-drains compared to residue removed by burning.
Genetic Modifiers Play a Substantial Role in Diabetes Complicating Cystic Fibrosis (2009)

Diabetes is a frequent complication of CF that is associated with worse outcomes. Although a nongenetic factor (steroid treatment) contributes to risk, genetic modifiers (i.e. genes other than CFTR) are the primary cause of diabetes in CF.
Semi-automated video logging by incremental and transfer learning (2013)

We describe a semi-automatic video logging system, capable of annotating frames with semantic metadata describing the objects present. The system learns by visual examples provided interactively by the logging operator, which are learned incrementally to provide increased automation over time. Transfer learning is initially used to bootstrap the system using relevant visual examples from ImageNet. We adapt the hard-assignment Bag of Word strategy for object recognition to our interactive use context, showing transfer learning to significantly reduce the degree of interaction required.
On the requirements of high-integrity code generation (1999)

Although formal requirements specifications can provide a complete and consistent description of a safety-critical software system, designing and developing production quality code from high-level specifications can be a time-consuming and error-prone process. Automated translation, or code generation, of the specification to production code can alleviate many of the problems associated with design and implementation. However, current approaches have been unsuitable for safety-critical environments because they employ complex and/or ad-hoc methods for translation. In this paper we discuss the issues involved in automatic code generation for high-assurance systems and define a set of requirements that code generators for this domain must satisfy. These requirements cover the formality of the translation, the quality of the code generator, and the properties of the generated code.
Inclusion of impact ionization in the backgating of GaAs FETs (1990)

It is shown that the familiar threshold behavior of the backgate current of GaAs MESFETs has hysteresis. This is associated with an S-type negative differential conductivity (S-NDC) of the semi-insulating substrate. It is difficult to account for this hysteresis using conventional trap-fill-limited (TFL) theory, and it is attributed to the impact ionization of traps in the substrate. A simple model of this ionization, involving two trap levels, is used to incorporate its effect into an existing analytical model of GaAs FETs. The result is a qualitative interpretation of the backgating characteristics of GaAs MESFETs. The calculations show that a simple combination of two ohmic elements to represent parasitic resistances, and a nonohmic one to represent impact ionization in the substrate, can imitate the observed backgating behavior.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Ion speciation of lithium hexafluorophosphate in dimethyl carbonate solutions: an infrared spectroscopy study (2018)

Solutions of lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) in linear organic carbonates play a significant role in the portable energy storage industry. However, many questions remain about the solution structure at the molecular-level. An atomic characterization of these solutions is important for determining their structure-property relations, which will allow for the rational design of new and improved lithium ion based energy storage technologies. In this study, a combination of infrared spectroscopies and density functional theory calculations was used to investigate the speciation of the lithium ion (free ion, solvent separated ion pair, contact ion pairs, and aggregates) in dimethyl carbonate solutions having concentrations ranging from 1 M to 3 M. The experimental data shows that at typical battery electrolyte concentrations the lithium ion exists predominantly as free ions and solvent separated ion pairs, but charged contact ion pairs are also present in small concentrations. In contrast, at high concentrations the lithium ion is present in aggregates, but a noticeable fraction remains present as free ions.
High-throughput drug screening models of mature adipose tissues which replicate the physiology of patients’ Body Mass Index (BMI) (2021)

Obesity is a complex and incompletely understood disease, but current drug screening strategies mostly rely on immature <i>in vitro</i> adipose models which cannot recapitulate it properly. To address this issue, we developed a statistically validated high-throughput screening model by seeding human mature adipocytes from patients, encapsulated in physiological collagen microfibers. These drop tissues ensured the maintenance of adipocyte viability and functionality for controlling glucose and fatty acids uptake, as well as glycerol release. As such, patients' BMI and insulin sensitivity displayed a strong inverse correlation: the healthy adipocytes were associated with the highest insulin-induced glucose uptake, while insulin resistance was confirmed in the underweight and severely obese adipocytes. Insulin sensitivity recovery was possible with two type 2 diabetes treatments, rosiglitazone and melatonin. Finally, the addition of blood vasculature to the model seemed to more accurately recapitulate the <i>in vivo</i> physiology, with particular respect to leptin secretion metabolism.
Association of shorter mean telomere length with large artery stiffness in patients with coronary heart disease (2010)

The data show an association of leukocyte telomere length shortening with increased arterial stiffness and cardiovascular burden, suggesting that telomere length is a biomarker of large artery elasticity and CAD. Further studies are warranted to study the role of LTL dynamics in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.