gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Concept based query expansion (1993)

Query expansion methods have been studied for a long time - with debatable success in many instances. In this paper we present a probabilistic query expansion model based on a similarity thesaurus which was constructed automatically. A similarity thesaurus reflects domain knowledge about the particular collection from which it is constructed. We address the two important issues with query expansion: the selection and the weighting of additional search terms. In contrast to earlier methods, our queries are expanded by adding those terms that are most similar to the concept of the query, rather than selecting terms that are similar to the query terms. Our experiments show that this kind of query expansion results in a notable improvement in the retrieval effectiveness when measured using both recall-precision and usefulness.
Dispersion of Axially Symmetric Waves in Composite, Elastic Rods (1962)

The dispersive characteristics of axially symmetric waves in infinitely long, composite, elastic rods are explored. The characteristic equation relating frequency to propagation constant is derived for 2-material rods in which a solid, circular core of one material is bounded by and bonded to a circular casing of a second material of different physical properties. The equation is explored numerically using a digital computer for 2 rods displaying different geometric and physical properties. The lowest few branches of frequency spectra are developed from the roots of the equation, and the dispersive properties of the individual modes shown are discussed. The lowest few cutoff frequencies are established for each of the 2 rods, and the radial displacement distributions for each frequency is established. Finally, conditions are established for the existence of equivoluminal modes similar to those shown to exist in plates by Lamé and Lamb, in solid rods by Onoe, McNiven, and Mindlin, and in hollow cylinders by Gazis.
Consensus Statement on Electronic Health Predictive Analytics: A Guiding Framework to Address Challenges (2016)

Develop both individual-centered and society-centered risk-benefit approaches to evaluate e-HPA.Regulation and Certification: Construct a self-regulation and certification framework within e-HPA.Education and Training: Make significant changes to medical, nursing, and paraprofessional curricula by including training for understanding, evaluating, and utilizing predictive models.
New Developments in Cyber Physical Systems, the Internet of Things and the Digital Economy – Discussion on Future Developments in the Industrial Internet of Things and Industry 4.0 (2019)

The world is currently experiencing the fourth industrial revolution driven by the newest wave of digitisation in the manufacturing sector. The term Industry 4.0 (I4.0) represents at the same time: a paradigm shift in industrial production, a generic designation for sets of strategic initiatives to boost national industries, a technical term to relate to new emerging business assets, processes and services, and a brand to mark a very particular historical and social period. I4.0 is also referred to as Industrie 4.0 the New Industrial France, the Industrial Internet, the Fourth Industrial Revolution and the digital economy. These terms are used interchangeably in this text. The aim of this article is to discuss major developments in this space in relation to the integration of new developments of IoT and cyber physical systems in the digital economy, to better understand cyber risks and economic value and risk impact. The objective of the paper is to map the current evolution and its associated cyber risks for the digital economy sector and to discuss the future developments in the Industrial Internet of Things and Industry 4.0.
Development of an undulator with a variable magnetic field profile (2021)

An undulator generating a magnetic field whose longitudinal profile is arbitrarily varied has been developed, which is one of the key components in a number of proposed new concepts in free-electron lasers. The undulator is composed of magnet modules, each of which corresponds to a single undulator period, and is driven by a linear actuator to change the magnetic gap independently. To relax the requirement on the actuator, the mechanical load on each module due to magnetic force acting from opponent and adjacent modules is reduced by means of two kinds of spring systems. The performance of the constructed undulator has been successfully demonstrated by magnetic measurement and characterization of synchrotron radiation.
Industrial clarification of anthocyanin‐rich grape pomace extracts by crossflow membrane filtration (2013)

Summary A comparative study on the clarification of anthocyanin‐rich grape pomace extracts was carried out by tubular, hollow fibre and spiral wound industrial crossflow membrane units. Three polysulfone membranes were tested: a 500‐ kD a molecular mass cut‐off (MMCO), and a 0.2‐ and 0.6‐μm pore size cut‐offs (PSCO). The 500‐ kD a MMCO and the 0.2‐μm PSCO membranes produced particle‐free extracts, while the 0.6‐μm membrane showed deficient clarification. The 500‐ kD a MMCO membrane produced up to 3.7% loss of most of the individual anthocyanins, while the 0.6‐ and 0.2‐μm PSCO membranes produced up to 2% only of some of the anthocyanins with higher molecular masses. Permeate steady fluxes of up to 53 L h −1 m −2 were obtained. Particles with sizes of 0.5–1.5 μm and the macromolecular anthocyanin–tannin complexes had a major impact on membrane performance. The obtained results are scalable to industrial installations.
Verification of differential gene transcription using virtual northern blotting (1999)

We introduce here an alternative to conventional northern blotting that requires only minute amounts of RNA. This has been achieved by modification of methods currently used for the mapping of mRNA 5′-terminal ends. The terminal desoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated G-tailing, cap finder, ligationanchored and RNA ligase-mediated approaches followed by polymerase chain reaction protocols all produced high quality cDNAs in large amounts. These cDNAs could be separated by electrophoresis to obtain virtual northern blots that could replace conventional northern blots. All the essential information, including transcript length and the expression pattern, are preserved in these cDNAs, even if the transcripts are long or GC-rich. In addition, minute amounts of material (less than 100 cells) are sufficient to produce more than 100 virtual northern blots, making this approach extremely versatile.
Line losses calculation in distribution network based on RBF neural network optimized by hierarchical GA (2009)

In this paper, we propose a practical method of calculating line losses in distribution network based on RBF neural network (RBFNN) optimized by hierarchical genetic algorithm (HGA). The first step is to determine three parameters of RBFNN, namely the number of hidden layer nodes, the width and the center of the basis function. In the second step, RBFNN is adopted to map the complex nonlinear relation between energy losses and characteristic parameters of distribution net so that the net can learn the trend of energy losses under varying distribution net structure and operation parameters. The simulation results have verified that the method presented is reliable and effective.
Regulation of plant morphogenesis by Lipo‐Chitin oligosaccharides (1996)

Abstract Lipo‐chitin oligosaccharides (LCOs), produced by rhizobia, are causative agents of the formation of root nodules in leguminous plants. As outlined in this review, the root nodulation process presents a valuable model system to study plant morphogenesis. The knowledge that resulted from the studies of the biological function and biosynthesis of the rhizobial LCOs is summarized. It has been postulated that LCOs are representatives of a general class of signal molecules involved in plant and animal morphogenesis. Discussed is how the present knowledge can be used for future studies on the function of LCOs in morphogenesis and in the search for analogue signal molecules produced by plants and animals.
Enhanced coke-resistant Co-modified Ni/modified alumina catalyst for the bireforming of methane (2023)

Biogas has been highlighted as a renewable energy and local source for syngas production via reforming techniques to combat global warming effects and energy sustainability.
A Compact Diffuser System for Annular Combustors (1983)

Airflow tests have been conducted on an aerodynamic simulation of a combustor with pre-diffuser of compact configuration. The inlet Mach number throughout the tests was 0.35. The configuration was successful because of the attainment of a high pressure recovery, (Cp = 0.80), coupled with an exceptionally low total pressure loss (λ = 0.04). A useful analytical relationship is derived between the aerodynamic performance of combustor, compressor exit Mach number and diffuser performance.
H-dibaryon search with a scintillating fiber live target (1995)

An experiment (E224) searching for the H‐dibaryon has been performed at the KEK‐PS K2 beam line in 1991∼1992. A new type of visual live target using plastic scintillating fibers has been developed for this experiment. We have been searching for the H produced by the direct process, K−+C→K++H+X, and also by an atomic capture of Ξ− in carbon atom in the target. More than 4500 (K−, K+) events on 12C target have been detected in the quasi‐free region, where we expect about 150 Ξ−’s are captured in carbon atom. So far, no positive candidate has been found. The upper limits of the H production through these processes are reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Flavonol Glycosides from Jatropha variegata. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
REVERSAL OF d -CYCLOSERINE INHIBITION OF BACTERIAL GROWTH BY ALANINE (1962)

Zygmunt, Walter A. (Mead Johnson & Co., Evansville, Ind.). Reversal of d-cycloserine inhibition of bacterial growth by alanine. J. Bacteriol. 84:154-156. 1962.-Reversal of the antibacterial activity of d-4-amino-3-isoxazolidone by alanine in bacterial cultures actively growing on chemically defined media was compared in cultures requiring exogenous alanine and those capable of its synthesis. dl-Alanine was the most effective reversal agent in Pediococcus cerevisiae, an alanine-requiring organism, and d-alanine was effective in Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, organisms synthesizing alanine. With all three cultures, l-alanine was the least effective reversal agent.
Pals1/Mpp5 is required for correct localization of Crb1 at the subapical region in polarized Müller glia cells (2006)

Mutations in the human Crumbs homologue-1 (CRB1) gene cause retinal diseases including Leber's congenital amaurosis (LCA) and retinitis pigmentosa type 12. The CRB1 transmembrane protein localizes at a subapical region (SAR) above intercellular adherens junctions between photoreceptor and Müller glia (MG) cells. We demonstrate that the Crb1-/- phenotype, as shown in Crb1-/- mice, is accelerated and intensified in primary retina cultures. Immuno-electron microscopy showed strong Crb1 immunoreactivity at the SAR in MG cells but barely in photoreceptor cells, whereas Crb2, Crb3, Patj, Pals1 and Mupp1 were present in both cell types. Human CRB1, introduced in MG cells in Crb1-/- primary retinas, was targeted to the SAR. RNA interference-induced silencing of the Crb1-interacting-protein Pals1 (protein associated with Lin7; Mpp5) in MG cells resulted in loss of Crb1, Crb2, Mupp1 and Veli3 protein localization and partial loss of Crb3. We conclude that Pals1 is required for correct localization of Crb family members and its interactors at the SAR of polarized MG cells.
A blind SLM receiver for PAR-reduced OFDM (2003)

Selected mapping (SLM) generates a set of independent signals from an information sequence and transmits the signal with minimum peak-to-average power ratio (PAR). To recover data, the receiver is sent critical side information (SI) about the generation process. In this paper, a novel blind detection algorithm is developed for coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and SLM. The blind SLM algorithm performs well in both AWGN and fading channels in the presence of amplifier non-linearities.
Approaches to resolving trade disputes (2003)

The authors discuss the various approaches to resolving trade disputes available to Member Countries of the OIE (World organisation for animal health). The paper first describes the rights and obligations of Member Countries in setting health measures for the importation of animals and animal products, according to the provisions of the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (the SPS Agreement). The authors indicate how OIE standards may be used to set import measures and introduce issues such as equivalence and the use of provisional measures, which are both areas of potential conflict. The authors then describe the options available for resolving disputes--bilateral discussions, mediation through the OIE, the use of the WTO SPS Committee and the formal WTO dispute settlement process, discussing the advantages and disadvantages of each.
Leukocyte chemoattractant peptides from the serpin heparin cofactor II. (1991)

Heparin cofactor II (HC) is a plasma serine proteinase inhibitor (serpin) that inhibits the coagulant proteinase alpha-thrombin. We have recently demonstrated that proteolysis of HC by catalytic amounts of polymorphonuclear leukocyte proteinases (elastase or cathepsin G) generates leukocyte chemotaxins (Hoffman, M., Pratt, C. W., Brown, R. L., and Church, F. C. (1989) Blood 73, 1682-1685). One of four peptides produced when HC is degraded by neutrophil elastase has chemotactic activity for both monocytes and neutrophils with maximal migration comparable to formyl-Met-Leu-Phe, the "gold standard" bacterially derived chemotaxin. The amino-terminal sequence of this HC peptide is Asp-Phe-His-Lys-Glu-Asn-Thr-Val-... and the peptide corresponds to Asp-39 to Ile-66 of HC. A variety of synthetic peptides derived from this sequence were evaluated for leukocyte migration activity, and a dodecapeptide from Asp-49 to Tyr-60 (Asp-Trp-Ile-Pro-Glu-Gly-Glu-Glu-Asp-Asp-Asp-Tyr) was identified as the active site for leukocyte chemotactic action. The 12-mer synthetic peptide possesses significant neutrophil chemotactic action at 1 nM (60% of the maximal activity of formyl-Met-Leu-Phe), while a peptide with the reverse sequence has essentially no chemotactic activity. Cross-desensitization experiments also show that pretreatment of neutrophils with a 19-mer peptide (Asn-48 to Ile-66) greatly reduces subsequent chemotaxis to HC-neutrophil elastase proteolysis reaction products. When injected intraperitoneally in mice, the HC-neutrophil elastase digest elicits neutrophil migration. Our results demonstrate that not only does HC function as a thrombin inhibitor, but that limited proteolysis of HC near the amino terminus yields biologically active peptide(s) which might participate in inflammation and in wound healing and tissue repair processes.
A ligand-based 3D pharmacophore model for the μ opioid receptor: application to the morphinan class of opioids (2010)

Background Opioid receptors belong to the rhodopsin subclass within the superfamily of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), which are characterized by the presence of seven transmembrane (7TM) helices. They interact with morphine and related opioid alkaloids as well as with endogenous opioid peptides. There are three main types of opioid receptors (μ, δ, ), which are differently implicated in opioid function. Ligands specifically targeting each opioid receptor type are of high interest both as research tools and potential therapeutic agents. Activation of the μ opioid receptor produces many other effects, besides its main involvement in pain control, including immunomodulation, respiratory depression, constipation, tolerance and physical dependence. With the lack of an experimental 3D structure of the μ opioid receptor, discovery of 3D pharmacophores for the receptor that can explain the activity of a series of ligands represents an important approach in drug discovery.
HUMAN IMMUNITY TO THE MENINGOCOCCUS (1969)

The group-specific polysaccharides of group A and group C meningococci have been isolated by a new procedure which employs the cationic detergent Cetavlon to precipitate these polysaccharides from the whole culture. The A and C polysaccharide prepared by this method are noteworthy because they are of high molecular weight. The main constituent of the A polysaccharide is N-acetyl, O-acetyl mannosamine phosphate; of the C polysaccharide N-acetyl, O-acetyl neuraminic acid. This purification procedure, when applied to cultures of group B organisms, yields a polysaccharide consisting primarily of N-acetyl neuraminic acid. A passive hemagglutination test developed to measure antibodies to the polysaccharides demonstrated the specificity of these antigens. Using a hemagglutination inhibition test, these antigens were again found to be group-specific, and this test could be used for serogrouping meningococcal isolates.
Wafer-bonded 2-D CMUT arrays incorporating through-wafer trench-isolated interconnects with a supporting frame (2009)

This paper reports on wafer-bonded, fully populated 2-D capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) arrays. To date, no successful through-wafer via fabrication technique has been demonstrated that is compatible with the wafer-bonding method of making CMUT arrays. As an alternative to through-wafer vias, trench isolation with a supporting frame is incorporated into the 2-D arrays to provide through-wafer electrical connections. The CMUT arrays are built on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer, and all electrical connections to the array elements are brought to the back side of the wafer through the highly conductive silicon substrate. Neighboring array elements are separated by trenches on both the device layer and the bulk silicon. A mesh frame structure, providing mechanical support, is embedded between silicon pillars, which electrically connect to individual elements. We successfully fabricated a 16 x 16-element 2-D CMUT array using wafer bonding with a yield of 100%. Across the array, the pulse-echo amplitude distribution is uniform (rho = 6.6% of the mean amplitude). In one design, we measured a center frequency of 7.6 MHz, a peak-to-peak output pressure of 2.9 MPa at the transducer surface, and a 3-dB fractional bandwidth of 95%. Volumetric ultrasound imaging was demonstrated by chip-to-chip bonding one of the fabricated 2-D arrays to a custom-designed integrated circuit (IC). This study shows that through-wafer trench-isolation with a supporting frame is a viable solution for providing electrical interconnects to CMUT elements and that 2-D arrays fabricated using waferbonding deliver good performance.
Why Do Cells Require Heat Shock Proteins to Survive Heat Stress? (2004)

The cellular response to heat stress includes the induction of a group of proteins called the Heat Shock Proteins, whose functions include the synthesis of the thermoprotectant trehalose, refolding of denatured proteins, and ubiquitin- and proteasome-dependent degradation. Recent studies show that simply increasing the activity of ubiquitin- and proteasome-dependent degradation can replace the essential functions played by the induction of heat shock proteins during a heat stress. These results suggest that accumulation of denatured or aggregated proteins is the reason for the loss of cell viability due to heat stress.
Effects of surface preparation on quality of aluminum alloy weldments (1968)

Study of surface preparations and surface contamination effects on the welding of 2014 aluminum involves several methods of surface analysis to identify surface properties conducive to weld defects. These methods are radioactive evaporation, spectral reflectance mass spectroscopy, gas chromatography and spark emission spectroscopy.
P2–379: Disconnect between brain and CSF drug exposure and beta‐amyloid levels following BACE inhibition (2013)

The processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) into b -amyloid (A b) peptide is a central event in Alzheimer's disease. The first proteolytic step in this pathway is performed by the b -site APP cleaving enzyme BACE1, a membrane bound aspartic protease that generates sAPP b and APP-CTF b, further cleaved by g -secretase to generate A b. As the rate-limiting step in this pathway, BACE1 is a primary drug discovery target for AD therapy. In clinical trials, A b derived from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is used as a surrogate marker for brain A b, and A b levels in the CSF are considered reflective of brain. However, evidence in rodents from PK/PD modeling studies indicate that the relationship between brain and CSF A b following treatment with BACE inhibitors is not straight forward. Multiple studies show maximum Aβ -lowering efficacy of BACE inhibitors is about 30% greater in CSF versus brain. We report that, for a subset of compounds, there appears to be a disconnect between free brain and CSF drug exposure. In addition, PK/PD analyses of these compounds show that CSF drug exposures drive A b lowering more than free brain exposure. This implies that at least a portion of CSF A b is locally derived. To further examine this disconnect, we show evidence that CSF A b is subject to local BACE activity within the ventricular system. To study this, lentivirus BACE RNAi was injected ICV in mice. After 14 days, CSF and brain samples were taken for A b x-40 ELISA analysis and brain tissue processed histologically to determine the extent of lentiviral infection. CSF A b levels from mice injected with lentivirus had a 36% reduction of CSF A b x-40 and a 13% reduction of brain A b x-40 compared to mice injected with empty vector lentivirus. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the injection within the ventricular system and contained minor spread into the surrounding brain tissue. Data suggest that differential drug exposure and local BACE production within the cerebral ventricles in rodents affect CSF A b lowering following BACE inhibition. Therefore, depending on the compound, CSF A b lowering may not be a good surrogate of brain efficacy.
Case study in classroom acoustics measurements. (2009)

Recent work was done related to exploring variations and interpretations of measurement techniques in a classroom environment. The primary focus of the work was related to quantifying room to room isolation; however, minimal background noise and reverberation time measurements were included. This presentation will discuss the differences in the measurements methods, results, and when each may be appropriate.