gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Considerations for a Digital Gate Unit in high power applications (2008)

Gate units of todaypsilas converters are in most cases voltage sources charging the input capacitance with a fixed gate resistor. In some publications, fixed current sources are implemented to support the charging process with a supplementary gate current. These solutions are implemented in an analog way and are designed and respectively optimized for fixed parameters and devices. During operation, there is no adaption process to adjust the switching transients to their actual optimum. The possibilities to implement new features or to adapt the units for a different device are related with time and effort.
In-Situ HR-TEM Characterizations on Individual Carbon Nanotubes During its Manipulation, Deformation and Growth (2009)

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. (1994)

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a rare complication of heparin with significant morbidity and mortality. In this study, a retrospective review of all patients referred to the platelet study lab at East Carolina University who tested positive for heparin-induced platelet aggregation was performed. From May 1988 through March 1991, 40 patients with clinically suspected HIT were referred for platelet aggregation studies. Ten patients tested positive for in-vitro platelet aggregation in the presence of heparin. The clinical characteristics of these patients are reviewed. Results show a preponderance of surgical patients with 8/10 patients having undergone a primary major surgical procedure. Six of the eight surgical patients underwent a major vascular or cardiac procedure. The mortality rate for patients with heparin-induced in-vitro platelet aggregation was 30 per cent. Major thromboembolic morbidity was substantial (80%) with 5/10 patients requiring an extremity amputation. The estimated incidence of HIT in surgical patients in this series was 0.3 per cent. HIT is an unusual complication of heparin therapy with devastating morbidity and mortality. Patients undergoing a major vascular or cardiac procedure appear to be at increased risk. Increased awareness of the syndrome and careful monitoring of platelet counts in patients at high risk may reduce the morbidity and mortality.
The therapeutic potential of stem cells (2009)

In recent years, there has been an explosion of interest in stem cells, not just within the scientific and medical communities but also among politicians, religious groups and ethicists. Here, we summarize the different types of stem cells that have been described: their origins in embryonic and adult tissues and their differentiation potential in vivo and in culture. We review some current clinical applications of stem cells, highlighting the problems encountered when going from proof-of-principle in the laboratory to widespread clinical practice. While some of the key genetic and epigenetic factors that determine stem cell properties have been identified, there is still much to be learned about how these factors interact. There is a growing realization of the importance of environmental factors in regulating stem cell behaviour and this is being explored by imaging stem cells in vivo and recreating artificial niches in vitro. New therapies, based on stem cell transplantation or endogenous stem cells, are emerging areas, as is drug discovery based on patient-specific pluripotent cells and cancer stem cells. What makes stem cell research so exciting is its tremendous potential to benefit human health and the opportunities for interdisciplinary research that it presents.
Damaged Mechanism Research of RS232 Interface under Electromagnetic Pulse (2008)

RS232 interface executes the role of Transportation and Communication, which has became the important interface between MCU of embedded system and peripheral equipment. Because RS232 mainly work in bottom of communication protocol, so it is important to protect the infrastructure of RS232. In test, pulse double electromagnetic is pulled into RS232 data transmission lines by coupling clamp, simulated differential-mode pulse voltage, basing on the test data, it will get the damaged mechanism of RS232 interface, meanwhile presenting the Logistic model of injected voltage pulse and probability of damage to the port interface, and getting the performance evaluation of RS232 interface, moreover estimating the voltage pulse range of upper and lower bounds at the port in the normal and damage state.
Computer Assisted Measurement of Cup Placement in Total Hip Replacement (1998)

The introduction of image guided systems in total hip replacement surgery provides the ability to plan precisely the alignment of the acetabular cup before surgery, and to perform the surgery according to the preoperative plan. Preoperative planners (interactive computer programs for surgical planning) based on three-dimensional medical images allow planning of optimal placement of implant components based on simulated implant performance. Exact measurement of the cup position during surgery allows precise placement of the cup and accurate measurement of the final position of the cup relative to the pelvis. This measurement is used to evaluate the radiographic techniques for postoperative measurement of cup alignment. Malposition of the acetabular component increases the occurrence of impingement, reduces the safe range of motion, and increases the risk of dislocation and wear. Dislocation of the implant after total hip replacement remains a significant clinical problem. Not fully understanding the interaction between pelvic orientation and final acetabular cup alignment may be one of the main contributing factors in the continued significant incidence of dislocations after total hip replacement. In this study an attempt was made to link the preoperative planning, intraoperative placement, and postoperative measurement of cup placement in total hip replacement using computer assisted techniques.
Vasoactive intestinal peptide as a neural mediator of gastric relaxation (1985)

Two main candidates, adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), have been proposed as inhibitory transmitters at neuromuscular junctions in the gut. We have used a photoaffinity analogue of ATP, 3'-O-(4-benzoyl)benzoyl ATP or BzATP, that binds covalently to ATP receptors and inactivates them in the presence of light and a specific high-affinity VIP antiserum in order to examine the contributions of ATP and VIP to neurally induced relaxation in circular smooth muscle of the gastric fundus of the guinea pig. VIP and ATP caused dose-dependent relaxation; the effect of ATP was equal to that of its stable isostere, alpha, beta-methylene ATP, and was resistant to degradation by adenosine deaminase, indicating interaction of ATP with purinergic P2-receptors. Relaxation induced by VIP was selectively inhibited by VIP antiserum (final dilution 1:120), while that induced by ATP was selectively inhibited by photoactivated BzATP. Relaxation induced by electrical field (i.e., neural) stimulation was inhibited by VIP antiserum only; photoactivated BzATP had no effect. Inhibition of neurally induced relaxation ranged from 86% (P less than 0.01) at the lowest frequencies to 34% (P less than 0.01) at the highest frequencies. Maximal field stimulation caused an 11-fold increase in VIP release from intramural neurons. The results strongly favor VIP as the neural mediator of gastric relaxation.
Isolation and characterization of a cDNA clone coding for the calcium-binding subunit of calcineurin from bovine brain: An identical amino acid sequence to the human protein (1994)

A cDNA clone encoding the calcium-binding subunit of calcineurin, calcineurin B, was isolated from a bovine brain library by immunoscreening. The 841 bp cDNA has a 56 bp 5'-noncoding region, an open reading frame of 510 bp, and a 275 bp 3'-noncoding sequence. The deduced amino acid sequence of bovine calcineurin B differs from the previously reported protein sequence (Aitken et al., 1984) by three residues. The sequence contained additional valine at the carboxyl terminus and substitutions of Met-11 and Ser-153 (the positions according to Aitken et al., 1984) by cysteine. The amino acid sequence of bovine calcineurin B was found to be identical to that of human calcineurin B sequence (Guerini et al., 1989). In fact, 97.1% homology was observed between the coding regions of human and bovine calcineurin B. In addition, a very high homology of 95.2% was observed for the 3'-noncoding region while the 5'-noncoding region showed 58.9% homology. The beta-galactosidase fusion protein, having the apparent molecular weight of 29 kDa, was detected on Western blots by subunit B-specific monoclonal antibody (Matsui et al., 1985). Northern analysis revealed that there is a single calcineurin B transcript in bovine brain which is 2.3 kb in length. This is in agreement with the observation of only one immunologically detectable subunit B protein in bovine brain (Matsui et al., 1985).
Confirmation and Fine Mapping of Chromosomal Regions Influencing Peak Bone Mass in Mice (2001)

Bone mineral density (BMD) is determined by both environmental influences and polygenic inheritance. The extreme difficulty of dissecting out environmental factors from genetic ones in humans has motivated the investigation of animal models. Previously, we used quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis to examine peak BMD in 24 recombinant inbred (RI) mouse strains, derived from a cross between C57BL/6 (B6) and DBA/2 (D2) progenitors (RI-BXD). The distribution of BMD values among these strains indicated strong genetic influences and a number of chromosomal sites linked to BMD were identified provisionally. Using three additional independent mapping populations derived from the same progenitors, we have confirmed loci on chromosomes 1, 2, and 4, and 11 that contain genes that influence peak BMD. Using a novel fine-mapping approach (RI segregation testing [RIST]), we have substantially narrowed two of the BMD-related chromosomal regions and in the process eliminated a number of candidate genes. The homologous regions in the human genome for each of these murine QTLs have been identified in recent human genetic studies. In light of this, we believe that findings in mice should aid in the identification of specific candidate genes for study in humans.
Is Repeat PCR Needed for Diagnosis of Clostridium difficile Infection? (2010)

Patients with diarrhea, defined as loose or watery stool, and two or more Clostridium difficile tcdB PCR tests within 14 days of each other were investigated. Repeat PCR for 293 patients with a prior negative result yielded negative results in 396 (97.5%) of 406 tests. Ten new positives were detected, including one false positive. Repeat PCR within 7 days appears rarely useful, except for patients with evidence of a new infection.
Directed ratchet transport in granular chains (2013)

Directed-ratchet transport (DRT) in a one-dimensional lattice of spherical beads, which serves as a prototype for granular chains, is investigated. We consider a system where the trajectory of the central bead is prescribed by a biharmonic forcing function with broken time-reversal symmetry. By comparing the mean integrated force of beads equidistant from the forcing bead, two distinct types of directed transport can be observed-spatial and temporal DRT. Based on the value of the frequency of the forcing function relative to the cutoff frequency, the system can be categorized by the presence and magnitude of each type of DRT. Furthermore, we investigate and quantify how varying additional parameters such as the biharmonic weight affects DRT velocity and magnitude. Finally, friction is introduced into the system and is found to significantly inhibit spatial DRT. In fact, for sufficiently low forcing frequencies, the friction may even induce a switching of the DRT direction.
A system for obstacle detection during rotorcraft low-altitude flight (2003)

Airborne vehicles such as rotorcraft must avoid obstacles such as antennas, towers, poles, fences, tree branches, and wires strung across the flight path. The paper analyzes the requirements of an obstacle detection system for rotorcrafts in low-altitude Nap-of-the-Earth flight based on various rotorcraft motion constraints. It argues that an automated obstacle detection system for the rotorcraft scenario should include both passive and active sensors. Consequently, it introduces a maximally passive system which involves the use of passive sensors (TV, FLIR) as well as the selective use of an active (laser) sensor. The passive component is concerned with estimating range using optical flow-based motion analysis and binocular stereo in conjunction with inertial navigation system information. Experimental results obtained using land vehicle data illustrate the particular approach to motion analysis.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
QRS complex detection using centered Cumulative Sums of Squares (2013)

This paper proposes a new framework for accurate detection of the QRS complex based on centered Cumulative Sums of Squares (CUSUM). This detection of the QRS complex is very important for many health applications. To accurately detect the QRS wave, the proposed framework first uses filters to reduce the frequency of big T and P waves. Then, it applies the CUSUM and differential operation to produce a set of event vectors and uses a fixed threshold to detect the QRS candidates. Then, a width feature is used to discriminate the non-QRS complex from the QRS complex event. For the purpose of evaluation, the standard ECG MIT-BIH database has been used. The evaluation results show that our method has an accuracy of 99.66%.
Effects of a Novel Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor, PXD101, When Used as Monotherapy or in Combination with Bortezomib on Tumor Growth in Mouse Models of Human Multiple Myeloma. (2006)

Abstract Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors represent a new mechanistic class of anti-cancer therapeutics that inhibit HDAC enzymes and have been shown to have anti-proliferative effects in cancer cells (including drug resistance subtypes), induce apoptosis, inhibit angiogenesis, and sensitize cancer cells when combined with other available anti-cancer therapies. PXD101 is a novel investigational small molecule drug that selectively inhibits HDAC enzymes. In recent preclinical studies, PXD101 has been shown to have the potential to treat a wide range of solid and hematological malignancies either as a monotherapy or in combination with other active agents. In this study, we evaluated the activity of PXD101 on multiple myeloma samples when used as monotherapy or in combination with the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib. In vitro experiments indicated that PXD101 pretreatment (20 mM; 3h) sensitized RPMI-8226 human multiple myeloma cells to subsequent bortezomib exposure (5 nM; 72h). To examine PXD101 and bortezomib in vivo, two mouse models of human multiple myeloma were utilized (LAGλ-1 and LAGκ-1B). LAGλ-1 was generated from a patient resistant to melphalan therapy and LAGκ-1B from a patient who progressed on bortezomib treatment (Campbell et al, International Journal of Oncology 2006). SCID mice were implanted with LAGλ-1 or LAGκ-1B tumor fragments into the left superficial gluteal muscle. Tumors were allowed to grow for 14 days at which time human IgG levels were detectable in the mouse serum, and mice were randomly assigned into treatment groups. Groups consisted of Vehicle only, PXD101 alone (40 mg/kg), bortezomib alone (0.5 mg/kg), or PXD101 (40 mg/kg) + bortezomib (0.5 mg/kg). In one cohort, PXD101 and bortezomib were administered twice weekly (M, Th) and in another cohort PXD101 was administered 5 days a week (M-F) and bortezomib twice weekly (M, Th). When administered, PXD101 was given i.p twice daily and bortezomib once daily intravenously. The results of these animal experiments will provide preclinical information on the activity of PXD101 monotherapy and PXD101/bortezomib combination therapy on drug-resistant myeloma samples, and may help to define the optimal schedule for potential clinical evaluation of this drug combination.
Response to isotonic saline infusion after selective renal cortical ablation in the rat. (1985)

The response to progressive volume expansion with isotonic saline was studied in sham-operated (CS) rats and in rats with reduced nephron mass after unilateral removal of cortical tissue (CX) or amputation of the kidney poles (NX). Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in CS kidneys was not statistically different from that in control kidneys. CX and NX kidneys had GFR values markedly lower than control and CS kidneys. CX kidneys had FENa similar to that of control and CS kidneys until very high rates of urine flow were reached (volume expansion greater than 15% of body weight), when it was greater in CX than in CS or control kidneys (25 +/- 14% vs. 11 +/- 2%; p less than 0.05). The same relationship was found between NX kidneys and their controls: FENa only exceeded the values in control kidneys at high rates of urine flow. A defect in free water reabsorption was present in CX when compared to CS and control kidneys, while NX kidneys had TcH2O values which were not different from control kidneys. This different response of CX and NX kidneys suggests that the behavior of CX kidneys cannot be attributed simply to a nonspecific reduction of renal mass. Instead, these results suggest a heterogeneity of nephron function between superficial short-loop nephrons and deep long-loop nephrons primarily with respect to water handling.
Keldysh-scaling in the waveform control of the dissociative ionization of D<inf>2</inf> (2011)

Here we applied this unique light source to study the waveform control of the dissociative ionization of the prototype molecule D <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> at 2.1 μm at an intensity of 6.2 (± 1.5) x 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">13</sup> W cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> . The longer wavelength not only moves the ionization deeper into the tunneling regime, but furthermore allows for the control of the dissociation at large internuclear distances. We observed a very high degree of the directional ejection of D <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> fragments along the laser polarization axis for kinetic energies of the generated ions corresponding to the bond softening channel and almost vanishing asymmetry at high energies. These results are in contrast to earlier studies at 760 nm, where recollisional excitation was a vital element in the mechanism responsible for the observed phase control and caused high asymmetries in particular at high kinetic energies.
Enhancing Medical Imaging Semantic Segmentation Using the Digital Annealer (2019)

Deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) are demonstrating their strong capability in solving computer vision problems. As for medical imaging semantic segmentation, DCNN models have become one of the most fundamental constituent. However, high-quality semantic segmentation requires pixel-wise prediction with high precision, which usually cannot be achieved only by DCNNs due to their lack of representation of pixel interactions. In this work, we propose a novel method based on conditional random fields (CRFs) and Ising model. It applies the Digital Annealer (DA) as a complement to traditional methods that only employ DCNNs. Our experiment results manifest that the use of DA can enhance the segmentation accuracy on BRATS2012 data set by over 8%. Our work potentially builds a new pathway in this realm.
Transfert de matière et chute de pression lors d'un écoulement tourbillonnaire annulaire non‐entretenu induit par une entrée tangentielle (1998)

Abstract Ce travail est consacré à une étude expérimentale du transfert de matière global et des chutes de pression lors d'un écoulement annulaire tourbillonnaire non‐entretenu produit par une entrée tangentielle du fluide. Les mesures de transfert de matière global, réalisées à l'aide d'une méthode électrochimique, ont montré que le transfert de masse sur le cylindre externe de la cellule annulaire est nettement plus élevé que celui relevé sur le cylindre intérieur qui demeure cependant très supérieur à celui obtenu en présence d'un écoulement axial pleinement développé dans un espace annulaire cylindrique. Ce gain, en terme de transfert de masse, s'accompagne d'une augmentation des pertes de charge, donc de l'énergie requise pour la mise en mouvement du fluide, dont la majeure partie est directement imputable à la singularité constituée par l'entrée tangentielle. Cependant, une corrélation énergétique du transfert de matière global sur les deux cylindres de l'espace annulaire montre que l'écoulement tourbillonnaire non‐entretenu généré par une conduite tangentielle permet d'accroœtre substantiellement le transfert de masse, pour une dépense énergétique égale, par rapport à une hydrodynamique axiale pleinement développée.
Chi‐Breaking from Cipher (2015)

This chapter describes all aspects of chi-breaking from cipher. The basic method is the short (i.e. one-wheel) wheel-breaking run which consists essentially of choosing each character of a wheel to make the letter count, against that character, as good as possible. This chapter discusses the short wheel-breaking run, general plan of wheel-breaking and particular methods for setting messages, spanning of message slides and wheel characteristics.
The cytochromesc-550 ofParacoccus denitrificansandThiosphaera pantotropha: a need for re-evaluation of the history ofParacoccuscultures (1996)

The c-type cytochrome and protein profiles were compared for a number of cultures of Paracoccus denitrificans obtained from a range of culture collections. The cultures fell into two groups corresponding to the two original isolates of this bacterial species. One group, which included NCIMB 8944, ATCC 13543, ATCC 17741, ATCC 19367, Pd 1222 and DSM 413, were similar or identical to LMD 22.21. The second group, including DSM 65 and LMG 4218, were similar or identical to LMD 52.44. These groupings were not compatible with the recorded history of culture deposition. Mass spectrometry and amino acid sequence comparisons showed that the cytochrome c-550 of the LMD 52.44 culture group differed by 16% from that of the LMD 22.21 group, and yet was only 1% different from the cytochrome c-550 of Thiosphaera pantotropha. These results suggest that consideration should be given to creation of a new species of Paracoccus pantotropha, which would include Thiosphaera pantotropha and Paracoccus denitrificans LMD 52.44.
A 900 MHz, 0.9 V low-power CMOS downconversion mixer (2002)

A low-voltage, low-power mixer operating at a supply voltage of 0.9 V while consuming 4.7 mW is presented. The circuit achieves the multiplication using current mode processing. Moreover, non-conventional differential pairs that do not require current tail generators are utilized. The circuit has been fabricated in a standard double-poly, triple-metal 0.35 /spl mu/m CMOS process having a threshold voltage of 0.6 V. Measurement results for 900 MHz and 800 MHz input signals indicate that the circuit has an IIP3 of 3.5 dBm, a 1 dB compression point of -8 dBm and a noise figure of 13.5 dB.
Improved Spectral Subtraction For Speech Enhancement (1996)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Trieste, Italy, 1996