gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Practical Confidence Intervals for Regression Quantiles (2005)

Routine applications of quantile regression analysis require reliable and practical algorithms for estimating standard errors, variance-covariance matrices, as well as confidence intervals. Because the asymptotic variance of a quantile estimator depends on error densities, some standard large-sample approximations have been found to be highly sensitive to minor deviations from the iid error assumption. In this article we propose a time-saving resampling method based on a simple but useful modification of the Markov chain marginal bootstrap (MCMB) to construct confidence intervals in quantile regression. This method is compared to several existing methods with favorable performance in speed, accuracy, and reliability. We also make practical recommendations based on the quantreg package contributed by Roger Koenker and a new package rqmcmb2 developed by the first two authors. These recommendations also apply to users of the new SAS procedure PROC QUANTREG, available from Version 9.2 of SAS.
Antifungal Effect of a Dental Tissue Conditioner Containing Nystatin-Loaded Alginate Microparticles (2017)

In this in vitro study, nystatin-alginate microparticles were successfully fabricated to control the release of nystatin from a commercial dental tissue conditioner. These nystatin-alginate microparticles were spherical and had a slightly rough surface. The microparticles incorporated into the tissue conditioner were distributed homogeneously throughout the tissue conditioner matrix. The incorporation of the microparticles did not deteriorate the mechanical properties of the original material. The agar diffusion test results showed that the tissue conditioner containing the microparticles had a good antifungal effect against Candida albicans. The nystatin-alginate microparticles efficiently controlled the release of nystatin from the tissue conditioner matrix over the experimental period of 14 days. Moreover, the nystatin-alginate microparticles incorporated in the tissue conditioner showed effective antifungal function even at lower concentrations of nystatin. The current study suggests that the tissue conditioner containing the nystatin-alginate microparticle carrier system has potential as an effective antifungal material.
Minor physical anomalies in children with autism spectrum disorders (2011)

Photographic assessment can be used to detect generalized dysmorphology in children who are often difficult to examine. This has clinical relevance, as children with multiple MPAs can be identified through the use of photographs and prioritized for investigation of brain abnormalities and underlying genetic disorders.
Psychosocial outcome following genetic risk counselling for familial colorectal cancer. A comparison of affected patients and family members (2008)

Few studies have reported prospective data on psychosocial outcomes after genetic counselling in families with suspected hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC). This prospective study examines the impact of multidisciplinary risk counselling on the psychosocial outcome of 139 affected cancer patients and 233 family members without cancer at risk for HNPCC. Participants completed questionnaires specific to HNPCC before and 8 weeks after attending the familial cancer clinic. Affected patients' levels of distress were closely related to their health status and exceeded that of unaffected individuals, as did worry regarding their relatives' risk. A significant reduction in general anxiety (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), distress specific to familial CRC (Impact of Events Scale) and general cancer worry (Distress Hereditary Disorder) was demonstrated after counselling in both affected patients and unaffected individuals. Reduction in distress was more pronounced in affected patients given a high risk of HNPCC compared with those at intermediate risk. Among unaffected individuals, distress declined regardless of what clinical risk they were assigned. Their perceptions of risk and cancer-related threat declined, while confidence in effective surveillance increased. These results suggest the beneficial effects of multidisciplinary counselling even when high-risk information is conveyed. A patient's previous cancer experience is likely to contribute to clinically relevant distress (15% of those patients), indicating the need for appropriate counselling.
Max-Min Fairness in IRS-Aided Multi-Cell MISO Systems With Joint Transmit and Reflective Beamforming (2020)

This paper investigates an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-aided multi-cell multiple-input single-output (MISO) network with a set of multi-antenna base stations (BSs) each communicating with multiple single-antenna users, in which an IRS is dedicatedly deployed for assisting the wireless transmission and suppressing the inter-cell interference. Under this setup, we jointly optimize the coordinated transmit beamforming vectors at the BSs and the reflective beamforming vector (with both reflecting phases and amplitudes) at the IRS, for the purpose of maximizing the minimum weighted signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) at the users, subject to the individual maximum transmit power constraints at the BSs and the reflection constraints at the IRS. To solve the non-convex min-weighted-SINR maximization problem, we first present an exact-alternating-optimization approach to optimize the transmit and reflective beamforming vectors in an alternating manner, in which the transmit and reflective beamforming optimization subproblems are solved exactly in each iteration by using the techniques of second-order-cone program (SOCP) and semi-definite relaxation (SDR), respectively. However, the exact-alternating-optimization approach has high computational complexity, and may lead to compromised performance due to the uncertainty of randomization in SDR. To avoid these drawbacks, we further propose an inexact-alternating-optimization approach, in which the transmit and reflective beamforming optimization subproblems are solved inexactly in each iteration based on the principle of successive convex approximation (SCA). In addition, to further reduce the computational complexity, we propose a low-complexity inexact-alternating-optimization design, in which the reflective beamforming optimization subproblem is solved more inexactly. Via numerical results, it is shown that the proposed three designs achieve significantly increased min-weighted-SINR values, as compared with benchmark schemes without the IRS or with random reflective beamforming. It is also shown that the inexact-alternating-optimization design outperforms the exact-alternating-optimization one in terms of both the achieved min-weighted-SINR value and the computational complexity, while the low-complexity inexact-alternating-optimization design has much lower computational complexity with slightly compromised performance. Furthermore, we show that our proposed design can be applied to the scenario with unit-amplitude reflection constraints, with a negligible performance loss.
Temporal Heterogeneity of Estrogen Receptor Expression in Bone-Dominant Breast Cancer:18F-Fluoroestradiol PET Imaging Shows Return of ER Expression (2016)

Changes in estrogen receptor (ER) expression over the course of therapy may affect response to endocrine therapy. However, measuring temporal changes in ER expression requires serial biopsies, which are impractical and poorly tolerated by most patients. Functional ER imaging using (18)F-fluoroestradiol (FES)-PET provides a noninvasive measure of regional ER expression and is ideally suited to serial studies. Additionally, lack of measurable FES uptake in metastatic sites of disease predict tumor progression in patients with ER-positive primary tumors treated with endocrine therapy. This report presents a case of restored sensitivity to endocrine therapy in a patient with bone-dominant breast cancer who underwent serial observational FES-PET imaging over the course of several treatments at our center, demonstrating the temporal heterogeneity of regional ER expression. Although loss and restoration of endocrine sensitivity in patients who have undergone prior hormonal and cytotoxic treatments has been reported, this is, to our knowledge, the first time the accompanying changes in ER expression have been documented by molecular imaging.
16-channel PC-based aircraft electrical power monitor (2002)

The authors describe a system developed to monitor the outputs of the primary electrical power sources on the HH/MH-60G PAVE HAWK helicopter. The system is capable of simultaneously monitoring the output voltage and current from two direct current power sources. This capability corresponds to sixteen channels of data including two DC voltage channels, and six AC current, six AC voltage channels, and six AC current channels. The primary purpose of the monitoring system is to evaluate the electrical loading on the power sources, as a function of time, during helicopter flight operations. However, it can also be configured to evaluate short term events, such as transients, on a reduced number of channels.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHETIC ANTHRACYCLINONES. XXVI. ENANTIOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS OF 3‐DEMETHOXYARANCIAMYCINONE VIA ASYMMETRIC EPOXIDATION (1984)

Abstract In Gegenwart eines Molybdän‐ Katalysators mit optisch aktiven Liganden wie (II) wird aus (I) das Epoxid (III) hergestellt und mit Natriumacetat zu (IV) substituiert.
Clinical feasibility study of combined optoacoustic and ultrasonic imaging modality providing coregistered functional and anatomical maps of breast tumors (2012)

Two-dimensional optoacoustic imaging with a hand-held probe operated in backward mode is being developed for diagnostic imaging of breast cancer to evaluate the feasibility of a dual-modality optoacoustic plus ultrasonic system that maps functional information of anatomical tissue structures with ultrasonic resolution. Tissue is illuminated at 757nm and 1064nm for optical contrast between hypoxic blood of breast carcinomas and normally oxygenated blood in benign masses. The system is optimized and calibrated in phantoms for a pilot clinical study of patients with breast masses suspected for malignancy. Capability of the non-invasive system to improve detection and diagnosis of breast tumors is discussed.
Tracking Control of Robot Manipulators with Bounded Torque Inputs (1999)

This paper examines the problem of link position tracking control of robot manipulators with bounded torque inputs. An adaptive, full-state feedback controller and an exact model knowledge, output feedback controller are designed to produce semi-global asymptotic link position tracking errors. Simulation results are provided to validate the theoretical concepts, and a comparative analysis demonstrates the benefits of the proposed controllers.
ChemInform Abstract: AN IMPROVED SYNTHESIS OF METHYL (5‐BENZOYL‐ AND 5‐P‐FLUOROBENZOYLBENZIMIDAZOL‐2‐YL)CARBAMATES (1985)

Abstract Die Dinitrobenzoesäure (I) liefert nach Umsetzung mit SOCI, mit Benzolen (H) und AICI, die Dinitrobenzophenone ( III), deren katalytische Reduktion zu den Diaminen (IV) führt.
Ontogeny Discombobulates Phylogeny: Paedomorphosis and Higher-Level Salamander Relationships (2005)

Evolutionary developmental biology ("evo-devo") has revolutionized evolutionary biology but has had relatively little impact on systematics. We show that similar large-scale developmental changes in distantly related lineages can dramatically mislead phylogenetic analyses based on morphological data. Salamanders are important model systems in many fields of biology and are of special interest in that many species are paedomorphic and thus never complete metamorphosis. A recent study of higher-level salamander phylogeny placed most paedomorphic families in a single clade based on morphological data. Here, we use new molecular and morphological data to show that this result most likely was caused by the misleading effects of paedomorphosis. We also provide a well-supported estimate of higher-level salamander relationships based on combined molecular and morphological data. Many authors have suggested that paedomorphosis may be problematic in studies of salamander phylogeny, but this hypothesis has never been tested with a rigorous phylogenetic analysis. We find that the misleading effects of paedomorphosis on phylogenetic analysis go beyond the sharing of homoplastic larval traits by paedomorphic adults, and the problem therefore is not solved by simply excluding suspected paedomorphic characters. Instead, two additional factors are critically important in causing paedomorphic species to be phylogenetically "misplaced": (1) the absence of clade-specific synapomorphies that develop during metamorphosis in nonpaedomorphic taxa and allow their "correct" placement and (2) parallel adaptive changes associated with the aquatic habitat of the larval stage. Our results suggest that the effects of paedomorphosis on phylogenetic analyses may be complex, difficult to detect, and can lead to results that are both wrong and statistically well supported by parsimony and Bayesian analyses.
Options for a high heat flux enabled helium cooled first wall for DEMO (2017)

Helium is considered as coolant in the plasma facing first wall of several blanket concepts for DEMO fusion reactors, due to the favorable properties of flexible temperature range, chemical inertness, no activation, comparatively low effort to remove tritium from the gas and no chemical corrosion. Existing blanket designs have shown the ability to use helium cooled first walls with heat flux densities of 0.5 MW/m2. Average steady state heat loads coming from the plasma for current EU DEMO concepts are expected in the range of 0.3 MW/m2. The definition of peak values is still ongoing and depends on the chosen first wall shape, magnetic configuration and assumptions on the fraction of radiated power and power fall off lengths in the scrape off layer of the plasma. Peak steady state values could reach and excess 1 MW/m2. Higher short-term transient loads are expected. Design optimization approaches including heat transfer enhancement, local heat transfer tuning and shape optimization of the channel cross section are discussed. Design points to enable a helium cooled first wall capable to sustain heat flux densities of 1 MW/m2 at an average shell temperature lower than 500 °C are developed based on experimentally validated heat transfer coefficients of structured channel surfaces. The required pumping power is in the range of 3–5% of the collected thermal power. The FEM stress analyses show code-acceptable stress intensities. Several manufacturing methods enabling the application of the suggested heat transfer enhanced first wall channels are explored. An alternative cooling technology is suggested, extending the tolerable heat loads up to 3 MW/m2
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Chiral Tertiary Boronic Esters by Oxime‐Directed Catalytic Asymmetric Hydroboration. (2016)

Abstract Unsaturated substrates bearing an acetone derived oxime functionality are excellent substrates for directed asymmetric hydroboration to give tertiary organoborates with high levels of enantioselectivities which are converted into the corresponding optically active alcohols.
Abstract WP24: Arterial Tortuosity is a Potent Determinant of Safety in Endovascular Therapy for Ischemic Stroke (2020)

Background: Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) associated with vessel injury during endovascular therapy for acute ischemic stroke is a known complication. Arterial anatomy may predispose to increased risk of SAH and technical safety, yet factors such as clot location, arterial size and tortuosity have not been explored. We examined these anatomical factors with respect to SAH during thrombectomy. Methods: Arterial anatomy at the site of occlusion and mechanical thrombectomy during device deployment was detailed by the STRATIS core lab. Luminal diameters, arterial branching and segmental tortuosity were measured. Arterial tortuosity was quantified using the distance factor metric (DFM). Statistical analyses included descriptives of arterial anatomy, with univariate and multivariate modeling to predict SAH. Results: Arterial tortuosity in each segment from the proximal cerebral arteries to the site of occlusion was quantified in 790 subjects treated with mechanical thrombectomy in STRATIS. Cumulative arterial tortuosity to the site of vessel occlusion was greater in distal lesions (Table 1). SAH was clearly linked with more distal thrombectomy (p=0.017), with 19.0% of distal M2, 16.7% of M3, 7.3% of distal M1, 5.8% of proximal M2, 2.4% of distal ICA and 2.1% of proximal M1. Multivariate prediction of SAH revealed that arterial diameter was unrelated to SAH (p=0.30) when accounting for tortuosity, whereas the presence of tortuosity tripled the risk of SAH (OR 3, p&lt;0.05). Conclusions: This novel systematic analysis of arterial tortuosity and angiographic anatomy during mechanical thrombectomy establishes tortuosity as a determinant of SAH, providing insight for future techniques and innovative device designs.
Biliary atresia (2014)

A three-week-old boy presented with persistent jaundice, dark urine, and light stool. Laboratory evaluation demonstrated hyperbilirubinemia. An ultrasound (US) of the liver showed normal size and echotexture of the liver. The gallbladder was markedly hypoplastic. The common bile duct could not be localized.
Multi-row linear cMUT array using cMUTs and multiplexing electronics (2009)

A large area reconfigurable imaging array for research purposes is being developed with co-integrated cMUTs and control electronics. The goal is a 2.5cm 2D tileable module with >16,000 transducer sub-elements spaced at a pitch of 185um in X and Y dimensions. As a prototype demonstration of some of the goals of this effort, a multi-row linear array using cMUTs and external multiplexing electronics was designed and fabricated. In this paper the challenges of trenched cMUT attach to a laminate interposer as part of a tileable module will be discussed. The architecture of the tileable module build-up for manufacturability, reliability, acoustic planarity, and reduced spacing between tiles and cMUT chips will also be addressed. Finally, a first prototype will be shown and experimental acoustic results with the new cMUT-based probe will be presented.
From primary instabilities to secondary instabilities in Görtler vortex flows (2019)

Abstract We have studied the transformation process from primary instabilities to secondary instabilities with direct numerical simulations and stability theories (Spatial Biglobal and plane-marching parabolized stability equations) in detail. First Mack mode and second Mack mode are shown to be able to evolve into the sinuous mode and the varicose mode of secondary instability, respectively. Although the characteristics of second Mack mode eventually lose in the downstream due to the synchronization with the continuous spectrum, second Mack mode is found to be able to trigger a sequence of mode resonations which in turn give birth to highly unstable secondary instabilities. In contrast, first Mack mode does not involve in any mode synchronization. Nevertheless, it can still “jump" to a sinuous mode of secondary instability with a much larger growth rate than that of the first Mack mode. Therefore, secondary instabilities of Görtler vortices are highly receptive to the primary instabilities in the upstream, so that one should consider the primary instability in the upstream and the secondary instability in the downstream as a whole in order to get an accurate prediction of the boundary layer transition.
Synthesis ofN-Substituted Muscimol Derivatives IncludingN-Glycylmuscimol (1985)

The preparation of museimol (a potent but toxic GABA neurotransmitter agonist), from dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate via methyl 3-hydroxyisoxazole-5-carboxylate and the corresponding amide, has been improved and extended to a general synthesis of N-alkyl and N,N-dialkyl derivatives. The efficient route to muscimol itself [muscimol itself costs 60 -170 DM/10 mg] has enabled a study of its chemistry to be undertaken, a first result of which is its incorporation into a peptide, i.e. the preparation of N-glycylmuscimol.
The Effects of Anions Behaviors on Electrochemical Properties of Al/Graphite Rechargeable Aluminum-Ion Battery via Molten AlCl3-NaCl Liquid Electrolyte (2017)

The need of an efficient and sustainable way to store energy is an urgent necessity. Unfortunately, due to the cost and limited resources of lithium, the use of the most mature Li-ion batteries for grid-scale storage of renewable energy production is nowadays going on slowly. Here, a low-cost, high-capacity Al/graphite rechargeable aluminum battery was explored based on molten AlCl3-NaCl liquid electrolyte. The battery shows a specific capacity of above 200 mAh g−1 at a current density of 100 mA g−1, even maintaining at 111.4 mAh g−1 at a higher current density of 1000 mA g−1 over 1000 cycles, with a Coulombic efficiency of 94.6%. Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveal that AlCl4− and Al2Cl7− anions are intercalated between graphite layers at the graphitic carbon cathode, meanwhile Al2Cl7− anions are transformed into metallic Al and AlCl4− anions at the Al anode. The inherent low-cost and low-flammability, as well as the most outstanding high capacity, long-term cycling stability and Coulombic efficiency, are particularly favorable for grid-scale storage of renewable energy.
Cloning and Characterization of Pectate Lyases Expressed in the Esophageal Gland of the Pine Wood Nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (2006)

Two pectate lyase genes (Bx-pel-1 and Bx-pel-2) were cloned from the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. The deduced amino acid sequences of these pectate lyases are most similar to polysaccharide lyase family 3 proteins. Recombinant BxPEL1 showed highest activity on polygalacturonic acid and lower activity on more highly methylated pectin. Recombinant BxPEL1 demonstrated full dependency on Ca2+ for activity and optimal activity at 55 degrees C and pH 8 to 10 like other pectate lyases of polysaccharide lyase family 3. The protein sequences have predicted signal peptides at their N-termini and the genes are expressed solely in the esophageal gland cells of the nematode, indicating that the pectate lyases could be secreted into plant tissues to help feeding and migration in the tree. This study suggests that pectate lyases are widely distributed in plant-parasitic nematodes and play an important role in plant-nematode interactions.
Investigations of the ultrasounds velocity and its relation to the heterophase structure of multiblock elastomers consisting of poly(butylene terephthalate) and poly(1,2-oxypropylene) or dimerized fatty acid (2002)

Investigations concern analysis of chosen multiblock elastomers differing with chemical structure of flexible segments [poly(1,2-oxypropylene) (PO3) or dimerized fatty acid (DFA)] and rigid segments content - poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT). The dependences of ultrasounds velocity (v) on the temperature (T) and rigid segments content (wh) have been characterized. The results of the trials of experimental results' fitting to those calculated from the formerly proposed two-layer model of elastomer have been presented. That model based on the data concerning ultrasounds attenuation while recently it was tested with results of utrasounds velocity investigations. An explanation of observed imperfection of the model has been proposed. It appeared that - for two-phase multiblock elastomers - dependences v = f(T) can be approximatively linked to wh values in the frame of the model. However this model should be treated as a frontier one in simplified interpretation of a structure of investigated elastomers because of their complicated morphological structure and various degrees of microphase separation. The microphase separation has been estimated on the base of investigations of crystalographic structures fromed in various conditions of samples cooling.