gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Global Phylogenetics of <I>Diuraphis noxia</I> (Hemiptera: Aphididae), an Invasive Aphid Species: Evidence for Multiple Invasions Into North America (2010)

The Russian wheat aphid, Diruaphis noxia (Kudjumov) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is globally one of the most devastating pests of bread wheat, Tritium aestivum L., durum wheat, Triticum turgidum L., and barley, Hordeum vulgare L. Several sources of D. noxia resistance have been incorporated in commercial wheat and barley genotypes, but up to eight virulent biotypes, defined based on their ability to damage different wheat and barley genotypes, now occur across the western United States since the first appearance of D. noxia in North America in 1986. Critical to the study of D. noxia and other invasive species is an understanding of the number and origin of invasions that have occurred, as well as the rate or potential of postinvasion adaptation and geographic range expansion. The goal of this study was to determine whether D. noxia biotypes are by-products of a single invasion or multiple invasions into North America. We used the genome-wide technique of amplified fragment length polymorphisms, in combination with 22 collections of D. noxia from around the world, to assess this question, as well as patterns of genetic divergence. We found multiple lines of evidence that there have been at least two D. noxia invasions of different origin into North America, each resulting in subsequent postinvasion diversification that has since yielded multiple biotypes.
From regular to pseudo-stochastic recurrence of modulation instability in cascaded second-harmonic generation (2023)

We address the recurrent regime of depleted two-color modulational instability in second-harmonic generation in the cascading limit. We validate a description based on simple algebraic formulas, based on asymptotic matching, establishing quantitatively the limit of validity of this approach. In the low mismatch regime, where such description breaks down, the system is found to undergo pseudo-stochastic alterations between two types of deterministic recurrence.
Aspectos clínicos y de diagnóstico de la gnatostomosis experimental canina (2012)

En 4 perras infectadas con larvas de Gnathostoma binucleatum se detectaron fases del parásito en pared gástrica. Una presentó un nódulo con gusanos adultos en el interior, 2 presentaron nódulos con larvas y la otra presentó fases juveniles sin nódulos. El periodo de prepatencia en la perra con gusanos adultos fue de 22 semanas y el de patencia de 14 semanas. Se realizó la descripción de la morfología del huevo y del cuadro clínico. En la perra con gusanos adultos se detectó, por ultrasonografía, una masa cavernosa de 57 x 24 mm en la pared del estómago, y por endoscopia, se observó la proyección de esta masa hacia el lumen gástrico. Los niveles de anticuerpos contra antígenos de larvas aumentaron (P 0.05) a partir del segundo mes pi, el Western blot mostró un reconocimiento secuencial de los antígenos. Los resultados obtenidos aportan datos útiles para el diagnóstico de la gnatostomosis canina.
Systematic Analysis of Induction Coil Failures and Prevention (2014)

Abstract This article focuses on the frequently encountered causes of induction coil failures and typical failure modes in fabrication of hardening inductors, tooth-by-tooth gear-hardening inductors, clamshell inductors, contactless inductors, split-return inductors, butterfly inductors, and inductors for heating internal surfaces. It discusses the current density distribution and the skin effect, the proximity effect, and crack-propagation specifics. The article also describes selected properties of copper alloys, the electromagnetic edge effect of coil copper turn, and the effect of magnetic flux concentrators on coil life. It also reviews the importance of having appropriate and reliable electrical contacts.
Mammography for screening high-risk patients for cancer: value of including a lateral projection. (1994)

Inclusion of the 90 degrees mediolateral view in the standard screening examination does not increase cancer detectability.
Mice and Men: Their Promoter Properties (2006)

Using the two largest collections of Mus musculus and Homo sapiens transcription start sites (TSSs) determined based on CAGE tags, ditags, full-length cDNAs, and other transcript data, we describe the compositional landscape surrounding TSSs with the aim of gaining better insight into the properties of mammalian promoters. We classified TSSs into four types based on compositional properties of regions immediately surrounding them. These properties highlighted distinctive features in the extended core promoters that helped us delineate boundaries of the transcription initiation domain space for both species. The TSS types were analyzed for associations with initiating dinucleotides, CpG islands, TATA boxes, and an extensive collection of statistically significant cis-elements in mouse and human. We found that different TSS types show preferences for different sets of initiating dinucleotides and cis-elements. Through Gene Ontology and eVOC categories and tissue expression libraries we linked TSS characteristics to expression. Moreover, we show a link of TSS characteristics to very specific genomic organization in an example of immune-response-related genes (GO:0006955). Our results shed light on the global properties of the two transcriptomes not revealed before and therefore provide the framework for better understanding of the transcriptional mechanisms in the two species, as well as a framework for development of new and more efficient promoter- and gene-finding tools.
Towards Routine Clinical Use of Radial Stack-of-Stars 3D Gradient-Echo Sequences for Reducing Motion Sensitivity (2014)

Almost all clinically established MR imaging techniques today use Cartesian acquisitions of k-space in which the Fourier space of the imaged body is sampled along parallel lines. Cartesian sampling was widely accepted as the standard technique after its first description by Ernst’s group in 1975 (1) because parallel-line acquisitions can be implemented with low accuracy requirements for the gradient timing and INTRODUCTION �Received; April 2, 2014�Revised; May 28, 2014 �Accepted; May 29, 2014 Corresponding author : Kai Tobias Block, Ph.D. Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, 660 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA. Tel. 1-212-263-3342, Fax. 1-212-263-7541 E-mail : Tobias.Block@nyumc.org This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Towards Routine Clinical Use of Radial Stack-of-Stars 3D Gradient-Echo Sequences for Reducing Motion Sensitivity
mtDNA Lineages Reveal Coronary Artery Disease‐Associated Structures in the Lebanese Population (2011)

Population origins and ancestry have previously been found to be important determinants of coronary artery disease (CAD). This study investigates associations of Lebanese mitochondrial DNA lineages with CAD and studies their correlation with other populations, exploring population structures that may infer mitochondria functional associations and reveal population movements and origins. Sequencing the mitochondrial hypervariable sequence 1 (HVS-1) of 363 controls and 448 cases revealed that haplogroup W was more frequent (P = 0.013) in cases compared to controls, and was associated with increased risk of CAD (OR = 5.50, 95% CI = 1.50-35.30, P = 0.026) among Lebanese samples. Haplogroup A was only found in controls (P = 0.029). We have detected stronger geographic correlation between haplogroup W and CAD (Pearson's r = 0.316, P < 0.001) than between haplogroup A and CAD (r = 0.149, P < 0.001). HVS-1 phylogenetic network of haplogroup W shows controls are restricted to European clusters while cases belong mostly to Middle Eastern natives. The network of haplogroup A shows that the controls belong to a cluster dominated by Central Asians. Our results show evidence of a gene flow into Lebanon, creating CAD-associated population structures that are similar to those in the source populations, maintained by limited admixture, and probably encompassing variations on the nuclear and/or the mitochondrial genome that are correlated with the disease.
Facile synthesis of one dimensional graphene wrapped carbon nanotube composites by chemical vapour deposition (2011)

A unique method for synthesis of graphene wrapped carbon nanotubes was developed by chemical vapor deposition. Raman analyses show that defects have been created during growth which helps in the efficient dispersion of the composites in a variety of solvents. The synergistic combination of 2D graphene and 1D carbon nanotubes with high electrical conductivity (30 S m−1) can be exploited for energy and sensing applications.
Reexamining Risk Factors for High-Grade Dysplasia in Colorectal Polyps (2014)

Introduction: High-grade dysplasia (HGD), the penultimate cancer antecedent, represents the most advanced histologic stage in premalignant polyps. Given trends in polyp classification and detection rates, we sought to reexamine demographic and polyp factors associated with risk of HGD across the major polyp types. Methods: Endoscopy and pathology reports were appraised on all polyps removed in 2012 to reflect current practice. Patients with high-risk conditions for cancer were excluded. Multivariate analyses were used to identify independent risk factors. Results: From 2012, 6,067 polyps met inclusion criteria. Low-grade dysplasia (LGD) and HGD were respectively present in 0% and 0% of 1,497 hyperplastic polyps, 12% and 0.4% of 1,024 sessile serrated polyps (SSPs), and 97.2% and 2.7% of 3,546 adenomas. Among SSPs, independent risk factors for any dysplasia included polyp size (p<0.0001) and patient age (p=0.012) but not sex, site, or configuration. Among adenomas, independent risk factors for HGD included polyp size (p<0.0001), histologic architecture (p<0.0001), and site (p=0.02), but not age or configuration. The largest proportional and absolute increase in HGD occurred at a size cutoff of >15 mm (Figure 1); 76% of HGD occurred above this size. Adenomas with tubulovillous or villous architecture were more likely than tubular adenomas to harbor HGD (OR 3.75; 95% CI 2.21, 6.37). HGD was less likely in proximal than distal adenomas (OR 0.51; 95% CI 0.29, 0.9).Figure 1Conclusion: Most HGD is found in large adenomas. While our findings generally corroborate historically shown risk factors for HGD, the abrupt rise in HGD prevalence noted at and above 15 mm suggests a potential opportunity for definitional refinement or stratification of “advanced” adenoma based on size.
A “Tips and Tricks” Practical Guide to the Synthesis of Gold Nanorods (2015)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVViewpointNEXTA "Tips and Tricks" Practical Guide to the Synthesis of Gold NanorodsLeonardo Scarabelli*†, Ana Sánchez-Iglesias†, Jorge Pérez-Juste‡, and Luis M. Liz-Marzán*†§View Author Information† Bionanoplasmonics Laboratory, CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo de Miramon 182, 20009 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain‡ Departamento de Quı́mica Fı́sica, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain§ Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain*E-mail: [email protected] (L.S.).*E-mail: [email protected] (L.M.L.-M.).Cite this: J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2015, 6, 21, 4270–4279Publication Date (Web):November 5, 2015Publication History Published online5 November 2015Published inissue 5 November 2015https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b02123https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b02123editorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2015 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views43405Altmetric-Citations367LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (5 MB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Absorption,Gold,Nanoparticles,Nanorods,Redox reactions Get e-Alerts
Influence of chronic heat exposure and prolonged food deprivation on excretion of magnesium, phosphorus, calcium, hydrogen ion & ketones. (1968)

Abstract : The study was concerned with the interplay of two stressors, chronic heat exposure and prolonged food deprivation. Laboratory rats were studied after 8 months' residence in quarters in which air temperature remained at either 25 or 35C. Urinary and fecal determinations were made over a 6-day period, the first 3 days of which constituted the control (prefast) period and the last 3 days, the experimental (fasting) period. Chronic heat exposure had modifying influence on the fasting-induced changes in (a) body weight, (b) fecal constituents (magnesium, phosphorus, and calcium), and (c) urinary functions (volume, specific gravity, pH, titratable acid, ketones, magnesium, phosphorus, and calcium). Heat and fasting acted synergistically with respect to urinary ketone output and specific gravity and antagonistically with respect to urinary titratable acid. Heat augmented the fasting-induced changes in (a) urinary and fecal magnesium, (b) urinary and fecal phosphorus, and (c) fecal calcium. The fasting-induced change in urinary calcium was not modified by chronic heat exposure. These results suggest that the heat-fasting interplay may involve neuroendocrine mechanisms. (Author)
A Catalytic Route to Grafted Silicones (2001)

Twelve new linear polysiloxanes were prepared in high yields by catalytic (RhCl(PPh3)3) alcoholysis of poly(methylhydrosiloxane). The reaction conditions preserve the backbone and are tolerant of a variety of functional groups.
Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) as a protective factor for risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2006)

Tobacco smoke contains a high concentration of oxidants and is the primary cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) is the major antioxidant enzyme in the extracellular space of the lung and is part of the lung defense against these oxidants. We hypothesized that EC-SOD is a risk factor for COPD. We found that EC-SOD plasma levels were significantly higher (p&lt;0.001) in 337 patients with COPD (147±7 ng·ml −1 ) versus 343 controls (96±9 ng·ml −1 ) and that lower FEV 1 s were associated with lower EC-SOD levels. To identify whether the EC-SOD gene was associated with COPD, we resequenced a subset of 188 subjects and identified 33 novel SNPs. Two of these SNPs (rs8192287 and rs8192288) were associated with a reduced odds of having COPD (OR 0.05 and 0.34; P&lt;0.05). Haplotype analysis using a total of 5 EC-SOD SNPs (Table 1) further identified a protective haplotype (TTCGC) that was found in 11.4% of controls, but only 2.1% of subjects with COPD (P&lt;0.001). These data indicate that EC-SOD genotype may partially predict whether smokers are resistant to the effects smoking.
<title>Cryogen spray cooling of human skin: effects of ambient humidity level, spraying distance, and cryogen boiling point</title> (1997)

Recent studies have shown spray cooling of the skin surface with millisecond cryogen spurts to be an effective method for protecting the epidermis from non-specific thermal injury during various laser mediated dermatological procedures. We have investigated the effects of ambient humidity level, spraying distance, and cryogen boiling point on the resulting radiometric surface temperature. Our findings indicate that: (1) decreasing the ambient humidity level results in less ice formation on the skin surface without altering the radiometric surface temperature during a cryogen spurt; (2) increasing the spraying distance to 85 mm lowers the radiometric surface temperature; and (3) boiling point of the cryogen does not directly affect the surface temperature in the geometries studied.
When-To-Post on Social Networks (2015)

For many users on social networks, one of the goals when broadcasting content is to reach a large audience. The probability of receiving reactions to a message differs for each user and depends on various factors, such as location, daily and weekly behavior patterns and the visibility of the message. While previous work has focused on overall network dynamics and message flow cascades, the problem of recommending personalized posting times has remained an under-explored topic of research.
Molar Volumes of Ethylcyclohexane and Butyronitrile Glasses Resulting from Vapor Deposition: Dependence on Deposition Temperature and Comparison to Alkylbenzenes (2013)

Molar volumes (Vm) of vapor-deposited ethylcyclohexane (ECH) and butyronitrile (BN, sometimes called butanenitrile) glasses were studied as a function of deposition temperature (Td). ECH glasses deposited at Td sufficiently below their glass-transition temperature (Tg) exhibited changes in Vm on heating similarly to alkylbenzenes. At Td close to Tg, ECH formed dense glasses as alkylbenzenes do, although these glasses were only slightly more dense than its supercooled liquid (SCL) states at the same temperatures. For BN, no indication of the formation of dense glasses was observed even at Td close to Tg, and the variations in Vm with the temperature elevation were different from those of alkylbenzenes. Analysis of the initial Vm of the deposited glasses of different compounds demonstrated that its Td-dependence was well correlated with the steepness index (m) of the corresponding SCL. Quantum-chemical calculations concerning dimer formation by the studied compounds showed that the hydrogen bond between a C-H bond in the alkyl group and π-electrons in the phenyl ring stabilizes the alkylbenzene dimers, suggesting the possibility of the dense glass formation and large m of these compounds. The small m value of BN was also discussed on the basis of the calculation results.
Privacy-Enhancing Security Protocol in LTE Initial Attack (2014)

Long-Term Evolution (LTE) is a fourth-generation mobile communication technology implemented throughout the world. It is the communication means of smartphones that send and receive all of the private date of individuals. M2M, IOT, etc., are the base technologies of mobile communication that will be used in the future cyber world. However, identification parameters, such as International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI), Radio Network Temporary Identities (RNTI), etc., in the initial attach section for accessing the LTE network are presented with the vulnerability of being exposed as clear text. Such vulnerability does not end in a mere identification parameter, but can lead to a secondary attack using the identification parameter, such as replication of the smartphone, illegal use of the mobile communication network, etc. This paper proposes a security protocol to safely transmit identification parameters in different cases of the initial attach. The proposed security protocol solves the exposed vulnerability by encrypting the parameters in transmission. Using an OPNET simulator, it is shown that the average rate of delay and processing ratio are efficient in comparison to the existing process.
Crowdsourcing to smartphones (2012)

Mobile phone sensing is a new paradigm which takes advantage of the pervasive smartphones to collect and analyze data beyond the scale of what was previously possible. In a mobile phone sensing system, the platform recruits smartphone users to provide sensing service. Existing mobile phone sensing applications and systems lack good incentive mechanisms that can attract more user participation. To address this issue, we design incentive mechanisms for mobile phone sensing. We consider two system models: the platform-centric model where the platform provides a reward shared by participating users, and the user-centric model where users have more control over the payment they will receive. For the platform-centric model, we design an incentive mechanism using a Stackelberg game, where the platform is the leader while the users are the followers. We show how to compute the unique Stackelberg Equilibrium, at which the utility of the platform is maximized, and none of the users can improve its utility by unilaterally deviating from its current strategy. For the user-centric model, we design an auction-based incentive mechanism, which is computationally efficient, individually rational, profitable, and truthful. Through extensive simulations, we evaluate the performance and validate the theoretical properties of our incentive mechanisms.
[Intramuscular hematoma simulating a pseudomalignant tumor]. (1993)

One case of a large post-traumatic cystic haematoma of the thigh presenting with a pseudotumoral aspect, and resulting in a femoral filling defect and a spontaneous fracture 7 years later, is reported by the authors. Relationships between its pathophysiology and its consequences on bone are stressed.
An implementation of PC state management in IP networks (2015)

In this paper, an implementation of remote waking-up Personal Computers (PCs) through UDP and Wake On LAN (WOL) is presented. With the implementation, PCs can be sus pende d w hile it is in idle time. Also, PCs can be waked up interactively from remote site when users want to perform required tasks. There is a few barriers to wake a PC up from remote site using WOL. By providing a solution for the barriers, PCs can be in low power states while required tasks can be performed as necessary after the wakeup. Proposed implementation can be applied to IT devices that have similar architecture and communication interface to PCs.
Contribución al estudio de la lengua de "El Conde Lucanor" (1979)

SE TRATA DE UN CONCIENZUDO ANALISIS DE LA LENGUA DE EL CONDE LUCANOR Y SU APORTACION ES PONER DE MANIFIESTO SIN FACILES IMPRESIONISMOS DE UNA FORMA CONJUNTA Y SISTEMATICA LOS RASGOS CARACTERIZADORES DE LA PROSA DE ESTA OBRA EXTRAIDOS DEL ESTUDIO DE LAS FUNCIONES SINTACTICAS Y DE SUS REALIZACIONES SINTAGMATICAS ES DECIR DE LOS ELEMENTOS QUE DESEMPENAN DICHAS FUNCIONES.
Extended 97  nm tuning range in a MOPA system with a tunable dual grating Y-branch laser (2017)

In this Letter, we present a tunable Y-branch hybrid master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) with 5.5 W output power, emitting between 973.7 and 983.4 nm. The MO is a monolithic Y-branch distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) diode laser, which is collimated and coupled into a tapered amplifier using cylindrical microlenses in a compact 25 mm×25 mm conduction cooled laser package. The wavelength spacing between the two laser branches is 2.2 nm. Each branch can be electrically tuned by up to 7.5 nm of quasi-continuous wavelength tuning, which in combination covers up to 9.7 nm of spectral range. Over this range, an output power variation of 0.5% and 0.2% is observed for the left and right arms, respectively, while maintaining a spectral width of less than 17 pm. In addition, the MOPA system can be operated as a dual-wavelength system by operating both branches simultaneously. The presented device is suitable for nonlinear frequency conversion applications.