gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Data Semantics: What, Where, and How? (1995)

At the panel held during the last session of the DS-6 conference, four panelists-- Leo Mark, Robert Meersman, Sham Navathe, and Arnon Rosenthal-- addressed the key questions related to the topic of the conference, related their perspectives to what was presented and discussed at the conference, and suggested research issues in data semantics that they would like to see addressed in the future. The panel was organized, introduced, and moderated by the author. Several conference participants also presented short position statements during the panel. This chapter summarizes the lively and often insightful panel discussion, along with additional thoughts of the author/moderator.
Organ blood flow, wash-in, washout, and clearance of nutrients and metabolites. (1974)

In a broad conceptual approach to the investigation of passive transcapillary exchanges, the following situations are described.


Flow-limited exchange, when the curves recorded for a specific tracer are “similar” in shape at different flows, F—that is, the fractional escape rate or clearance at a particular level on the residue function curve is directly proportional to F. “Similarity” occurs in the heart with albumin-bound indocyanine green remaining intravascular11 and for 125l-labeled iodoantipyrine distributed throughout tissue water5 over a three-fold range of flows (region III).


When the ratio of convective velocity (flow) to diffusive velocity (permeability = DR / Δr = diffusivity radially from the flow stream) is higher, the extraction of intravascular sodium or other partially permeability-limited solutes diminishes at higher flows, so that curves at different flows are dissimilar (region IV).18


At still higher ratios of flow to diffusive velocity, radial diffusivity is the sole limitation (region V).


At lower flows or with rapidly diffusible tracers, longitudinal diffusion, DL, from inflow to outflow or countercurrent exchange is significant relative to flow. After intra-arterial injection, particularly at low flows, highly diffusible heat, 133Xe, and tritiated water have abnormally high “early” escape rates, indicating diffusional shunting, and correspondingly low rates “late” on the washout curve (region II).


With the lowest flows, when diffusion is relatively so rapid that tracer concentration throughout the organ is uniform, washout would be monoexponential; this condition apparently does not exist at flows compatible with viability (region I).




ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Mrs. F. Jane Irving provided invaluable assistance in the preparation of the manuscript. The collaboration of Dr. D. E. Donald, Dr. T. Strandell, and Mr. T. J. Knopp made this work possible.

The investigations by the authors were supported in part by Research Grants HL-9719 and RR-7 from the National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service, Research Grant 69-1014 from the American Heart Association, and by a grant from Control Data Corporation.
A Late, Prolonged Activation of the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Pathway Is Required for T Cell Proliferation (2004)

Activation of the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI 3-K) pathway is associated with the proliferation of many cell types, including T lymphocytes. However, recent studies in cell lines stably expressing deletion mutants of IL-2R that fail to activate PI 3-K have questioned the requirement for this pathway in cell cycle regulation. In this study with IL-2 and IL-7, we show in primary T cells that, unlike IL-2, IL-7 fails to induce the early activation of PI 3-K seen within minutes and normally associated with cytokine signaling. However, kinetic experiments showed that both of these T cell growth factors induce a distinct and sustained phase of PI 3-K activity several hours after stimulation. This delayed activation correlates with cell cycle induction and from studies using inhibitors of PI 3-K signaling, we show that this later phase, unlike the early activation within minutes, is required for cell cycle induction. The data presented here will have major implications for our understanding of the mechanism of T cell proliferation as well as the regulation of PI 3-K activity.
40 MHz Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography at 1060 nm Using a Time-Stretch and Supercontinuum Spectral Broadening Dynamics (2022)

We present an akinetically swept light source based on a spectrally broadened mode-locked laser in all normal dispersion optical fiber followed by a linear dispersive time stretch and a regenerative amplification stage. Developed for ultrafast swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT), the source enables the demonstration of A-scan rate at 40 MHz with a 12 μm axial resolution. Through A-scans captured from a fast-moving object, we demonstrate that high-speed OCT is possible at 1 μm wavelength in an architecture which is not intrinsically bandwidth limited. The source therefore shows a promising route to achieving high axial resolution in high-speed swept-source OCT.
3D Deformable Surfaces with Locally Self-Adjusting Parameters - A Robust Method to Determine Cell Nucleus Shapes (2010)

When using deformable models for the segmentation of biological data, the choice of the best weighting parameters for the internal and external forces is crucial. Especially when dealing with 3D fluorescence microscopic data and cells within dense tissue, object boundaries are sometimes not visible. In these cases, one weighting parameter set for the whole contour is not desirable. We are presenting a method for the dynamic adjustment of the weighting parameters, that is only depending on the underlying data and does not need any prior information. The method is especially apt to handle blurred, noisy, and deficient data, as it is often the case in biological microscopy.
Stack-Test – Development of EU-wide uniform performance test schemesfor PEM fuel cell stacksWork package 2: Special view on functional and performance testing (2014)

Project Objectives:
 Industry wide harmonized test procedures for PEMFC stacks shall be
developed and validated.
 The work is based on the experiences of the FCTESTNET, FCTESQA
series.
 Performance / functional, durability and safety outputs for vehicle
propulsion, stationary and portable applications shall be addressed.
Generic test modules shall be defined and experimentally validated.
 Additionally application oriented test programs shall be derived and
validated.
 A two phase approach is pursued starting with an initial selection and
definition phase followed by experimental validation.
 The test modules and test programs are expected to be methodologically
sound and independent.
 Contact to industrial practice will be established by the implementation of
an industrial advisory group consisting of selected key stakeholders along
the value chain of the fuel cell industry.
 The consortium will liaise with international standardization activities and
contribute to the improvement of existing standards by pre-normative
research and – if deemed necessary – initiate new work item proposals.
ChemInform Abstract: A Discrete Octahedrally Shaped [Ag6]4+ Cluster Encapsulated within Silicontungstate Ligands. (2013)

Abstract (Bu 4 N) 8 [Ag 6 (γ‐H 2 SiW 10 O 36 ) 2 ] ·5H 2 O is synthesized by reaction of (Bu 4 N) 4 H 4 [γ‐SiW 10 O 36 ] with AgOAc using dimethylphenylsilane as a two‐electron reductant in acetone (20 °C, 3 h, 80% yield).
Approximate computational model for sound generation due to unsteady flows in pipes (1998)

A model for the generation of sound due to unsteady vortical flow in pipes of varying cross-sectional area is described. The model is based upon Howe’s acoustic analogy and an approximate model for the vorticity field. This formulation allows the sound generation to be specified in terms of properties of the unsteady behavior of the vortical flow and the potential flow solution for the pipe that would exist in the absence of vortical inhomogeneities. The approximate model for vorticity formation and evolution is presented, and the potential flow solution is obtained from the axial duct shape. Computed estimates of the time evolution of both a jet passing through a pipe constriction and the sound this flow produces are presented and compared to experimental data. [Research supported by NSF/ARPA IRI-9314946 and ARPA DAST 63-93-C-0064.]
Shape Control and Characterization of Transition Metal Diselenides MSe2(M = Ni, Co, Fe) Prepared by a Solvothermal-Reduction Process (2001)

Transition metal diselenides (MSe2, M=Ni, Co, Fe) were synthesized successfully through a simple solvothermal-reduction reaction at low temperatures. EDXA and XPS techniques confirmed that the compositions of these diselenides were in good agreement with their stoichiometries. With increasing temperature, the obtained NiSe2 transformed from initial filament nanocrystallites to final octahedral crystals. The studies on the thermal stability of the as-prepared NiSe2 showed that NiSe acted in an intermediate role in the pyrolysis process. The Raman spectrum of NiSe2 presented the peak of the Se−Se stretching mode at 216.5 cm-1. XRPD techniques revealed that the as-prepared CoSe2 at higher temperature had an orthorhombic structure similar to that of FeSe2. At low temperature this orthorhombic phase CoSe2, which displayed rodlike shape with the growth direction along 〈121〉 , coexisted with a trace of the cubic phase CoSe2.
Multiphoton ionization detection of NO scattered from solid surfaces (1982)

This paper describes experiments where resonantly enhanced multiphoton ionization was used to determine rotational state distributions of NO scattered from a copper surface in a high vacuum. A pulsed valve produced a high intensity beam of NO seeded in He with a well-defined translational energy and a rotational temperature of 7 K. With a 0.28 eV incident beam and a surface temperature of 77 K the scattered beam was found to have a rotational temperature of 230 K. When the surface temperature was raised to 300 K, the scattered beam temperature approximated that of the surface. For the surface at either temperature, significant population of the X 2Π3/2 state was found. The variation of the scattered beam temperature with surface temperature is in qualitative agreement with calculations based on the hard cube model.
Observations on Arc Discharges at Low Pressures (1948)

It has been observed in these laboratories (J. Slepian and E. J. Haverstick, Phys. Rev. 33, 52 (1929); J. Slepian, W. E. Berkey, and M. J. Kofoid, J. App. Phys. 13, 113 (1942)) that in a certain range of pressures, of the order of millimeters, short arcs burn with low apparent cathode current densities. The melting of the electrodes is then greatly reduced. In this paper are described spectrographic tests to determine the presence of electrode material in the arc. It was found that as the gas pressure was increased, for an arc of given current and length, at a critical pressure the amount of cathode metal in the arc, as indicated by spectral line density, suddenly increased. Presumably, boiling of the cathode metal took place at this pressure. This critical pressure was found to increase as the arc length was reduced. In this range where melting of the cathode occurred, it was found that the molten spot was at the center of the cathode for magnetic cathode material but at the edge of the cathode for non-magnetic material.
Modified null field method for P- and SV-wave scattering from a partially debonded fiber (1996)

The modified null field approach to elastic P- and SV-wave scattering (in plane strain) from a partially debonded fiber has been developed. The debonded region on the fiber surface is subjected to traction free boundary conditions, whereas the fiber is assumed to be in welded contact with the host medium elsewhere. Additional null field equations for an elliptical extension of the actual surface of the scatterer are introduced which require additional expansions for the field in the region between the extended mathematical boundary and the actual boundary of the scatterer. The numerical accuracy of the modified null field method has been tested for the case of a perfectly bonded fiber for P- and SV-wave incidence. Scattering cross-section plots are presented for different degrees of debonding.
UML: A Universal Monolingual Output Layer For Multilingual Asr (2023)

Word-piece models (WPMs) are commonly used subword units in state-of-the-art end-to-end automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems. For multilingual ASR, due to the differences in written scripts across languages, multilingual WPMs bring the challenges of having overly large output layers and scaling to more languages. In this work, we propose a universal monolingual output layer (UML) to address such problems. Instead of one output node for only one WPM, UML re-associates each output node with multiple WPMs, one for each language, and results in a smaller monolingual output layer shared across languages. Consequently, the UML enables to switch in the interpretation of each output node depending on the language of the input speech. Experimental results on an 11-language voice search task demonstrated the feasibility of using UML for high-quality and high-efficiency multilingual streaming ASR.
<title>Computer-vision-based registration techniques for augmented reality</title> (1996)

Augmented reality is a term used to describe systems in which computer-generated information is superimposed on top of the real world; for example, through the use of a see- through head-mounted display. A human user of such a system could still see and interact with the real world, but have valuable additional information, such as descriptions of important features or instructions for performing physical tasks, superimposed on the world. For example, the computer could identify and overlay them with graphic outlines, labels, and schematics. The graphics are registered to the real-world objects and appear to be 'painted' onto those objects. Augmented reality systems can be used to make productivity aids for tasks such as inspection, manufacturing, and navigation. One of the most critical requirements for augmented reality is to recognize and locate real-world objects with respect to the person's head. Accurate registration is necessary in order to overlay graphics accurately on top of the real-world objects. At the Colorado School of Mines, we have developed a prototype augmented reality system that uses head-mounted cameras and computer vision techniques to accurately register the head to the scene. The current system locates and tracks a set of pre-placed passive fiducial targets placed on the real-world objects. The system computes the pose of the objects and displays graphics overlays using a see-through head-mounted display. This paper describes the architecture of the system and outlines the computer vision techniques used.
Experimental investigation of solid immersion lens lithography (2005)

There are several next generation technologies for high resolution lithography, such as ArF wet immersion, F2, EUV, etc. However, these technologies are very expensive because of projection lens and mask costs. Near-field optics using a solid immersion lens (SIL) can meet the requirement of high resolution in a cost-effective way. In this paper, a very compact and inexpensive high resolution system using a SIL is introduced and preliminary experimental results are presented using a 405nm laser diode system. The SIL is used with a modified conventional inverted microscope. The air gap between the SIL flat bottom surface and the wafer is kept less than 50nm. Optical reflected power from SIL bottom and wafer interface is used to control the gap. A high resolution experiment with 405nm wavelength is discussed.
Human MicroRNAs Originated from Two Periods at Accelerated Rates in Mammalian Evolution (2012)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, noncoding RNAs that modulate genes posttranscriptionally. Frequent gains and losses of miRNA genes have been reported to occur during evolution. However, little is known systematically about the periods of evolutionary origin of the present miRNA gene repertoire of an extant mammalian species. Thus, in this study, we estimated the evolutionary periods during which each of 1,433 present human miRNA genes originated within 15 periods, from human to platypus-human common ancestral branch and a class "conserved beyond theria," primarily using multiple genome alignments of 38 species, plus the pairwise genome alignments of five species. The results showed two peak periods in which the human miRNA genes originated at significantly accelerated rates. The most accelerated rate appeared in the period of the initial phase of hominoid lineage, and the second appeared shortly before Laurasiatherian divergence. Approximately 53% of the present human miRNA genes have originated within the simian lineage to human. In particular, approximately 28% originated within the hominoid lineage. The early phase of placental mammal radiation comprises approximately 28%, while no more than 15% of human miRNAs have been conserved beyond placental mammals. We also clearly showed a general trend, in which the miRNA expression level decreases as the miRNA becomes younger. Intriguingly, amid this decreasing trend of expression, we found one significant rise in the expression level that corresponded to the initial phase of the hominoid lineage, suggesting that increased functional acquisitions of miRNAs originated at this particular period.
Subcellular fractionation methods and strategies for proteomics (2010)

Developments in subcellular fractionation strategies have provided the means to profile and analyze the protein composition of organelles and cellular structures by proteomics. Here, we review the application of classical (e.g. density gradient centrifugation) and emerging sophisticated techniques (fluorescent-assisted organelle sorting) in the fractionation, and statistical/bioinformatics tools for the prediction of protein localization in subcellular proteomics. We also review the validation methods currently used (such as microscopy, RNA interference and multiple reaction monitoring) and discuss the importance of verification of the results obtained in subcellular proteomics. Finally, the numerous challenges facing subcellular proteomics including the dynamics of organelles are being examined. However, complementary approaches such as modern statistics, bioinformatics and large-scale integrative analysis are beginning to emerge as powerful tools to proteomics for analyzing subcellular organelles and structures.
In-Car Speech Based Information Systems for Older Adults (2005)

The car is essential for independent living in many parts of the world. It provides the means for freedom of movement and mobility. There is, however, overwhelming evidence that drivers 55 years of age and older, may have more difficulty than younger drivers in attending to the driving task in complex traffic situations. The driving task places significant perceptual and cognitive demands on the driver and the aging process negatively affects many of the perceptual, cognitive and motor skills necessary for safe driving. This study examines if a speech based in-car information system can positively influence older adults driving performance. Eighteen older adults used a driving simulator for thirty minutes in one of three conditions: in-car information system with a young voice, in-car information system with an older adult voice, and no in-car system. There was a clear positive effect of driving with the in-car information system. Drivers felt more confident, they completed the driving course in less time (without exceeding the speed limit), had fewer accidents, and also liked the in-car information system. There was also a clear effect of the voice for the in-car information system in favor of the young voice. Implications for design are discussed.
Two-photon absorption of ligand-protected Ag15 nanoclusters. Towards a new class of nonlinear optics nanomaterials (2016)

We report theoretical and experimental results on two-photon absorption (TPA) cross section of thiolated small silver cluster Ag15L11 exhibiting extraordinary large TPA in red. Our findings provide the responsible mechanism and allow proposing new classes of nanoclusters with large TPAs which are promising for biological and medical applications.
Bacillus amyloliquefaciensas prophylactic treatment forClostridium difficile‐associated disease in a mouse model (2015)

Administration of B. amyloliquefaciens was successful in preventing CDI in a mouse model.
Corticocortical coupling in chronic stroke (2004)

Increases in task-related coupling between cortical areas may dynamically compensate for brain damage after stroke. Some of this increased coupling, particularly that over mesial frontal areas, decreases as patients make a functional recovery.
Effects of microneedle tip geometry on injection and extraction in the skin (2003)

Needles of microns dimensions can be fabricated by MEMS techniques and used for painless injections or extraction. However, the effects of microneedle tip geometry, injection/extraction pressure and time on the injected/extracted volume have not been quantified. Thus, to provide microneedles with easily controlled tip geometry, we fabricated hollow beveled glass microneedles with a range of tip diameters (20 - 80 /spl mu/m) and bevel angles (30 - 90 degrees) and punctured them into human cadaver or in vivo rat skin. For infusion, cadaver skin specimens were immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen after injecting dye solutions, sectioned using a microtome and digitally imaged, and then analyzed to determine the volume of fluid injected. Over the range of pressures (10 50 psi) and durations (1 - 20 min) studied, the infusion volume was in the range of 1 - 100 nl and the loading depth ranged from 200 to 500 /spl mu/m. For extraction, interstitial fluid (ISF) was collected by beveled microneedles under pressure of -0.02 MPa for 5 min from hairless rat skin. The ISF volume measured in the needle lumen was in the range of 2 - 30 nl. We found that the injected volume increased with both pressure and injection time, but extracted volume was less when suction pressure was too low or too high. We believe this study provides the first quantitative measurements of fluid injection and extraction through microneedles into skin.
Hardware-Oriented Multi-Exposure Fusion Approach for Real-Time Video Processing on FPGA (2022)

This paper presents a multi-exposure fusion approach suitable to be hardware implemented and integrated in real-time video processing pipelines. The proposed approach is inspired by the Merten&#x2019;s algorithm for blending images in a multi-exposure sequence through simple quality measures, such as saturation and contrast. However, for the purpose of a hardware-friendly implementation, complex Laplacian and Gaussian pyramid computations are here replaced with simpler operations. The proposed approach is suitable to be integrated within a complete system targeting heterogeneous FPGA SoCs. When implemented within the Xilinx Zynq XC7Z020 chip, it runs 94 Mega pixels per second and occupies just 18493 LUTs, which is at least 25&#x0025; faster and 35.5&#x0025; cheaper than state-of-the-art designs.
EFFECT OF CORROSION INHIBITORS ON JET FUEL FILTRATION (1965)

Abstract : Corrosion inhibitors in JP-4 interact with metals such as iron and zinc to form gelatinous precipitates which give rise to filtration difficulties. The problem is minimal in the absence of free water and is more severe in the presence of sea water than distilled water. Anti-icing additive aggravates the filter plugging phenomenon. All seven corrosion inhibitors currently approved for use in JP-4 exhibited filter plugging but some were much worse than others.