gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
RESOLUÇÃO DA EQUAÇÃO DE BURGERS EMPREGANDO UMA FORMULAÇÃO IMPLÍCITA E MÉTODOS DE KRYLOV (2014)

Neste trabalho foi realizado um estudo comparativo entre diferentes metodos do subespaco de Krylov, BiCongugate Gradient (BiCG), Quasi-Minimal Residual (QMR) e BiCon- jugate Stabilized (Bi-CGSTAB), quando aplicados na resolucao da equacao de Burgers invis- cida unidimensional. Este estudo foi desenvolvido visando a um melhor entendimento desses metodos para futuras aplicacoes no metodo Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH), com a implementacao de uma versao empregando um metodo de integracao numerica no tempo do tipo implicito, para a resolucao do sistema de equacoes diferenciais ordinarias originario da discretizacao espacial das equacoes de balanco de massa, quantidade de movimento e energia. Algumas caracteristicas particulares destes metodos do subespaco de Krylov sao apresentadas e resultados numericos sao obtidos mediante a resolucao da equacao de Burgers empregando formulacoes explicita e implicitas do metodo de Runge-Kutta (RK) .
Atomic Hydrogen - A Reagent for the Extraction of Chemical Species from Silicon Surfaces (1992)

Abstract : The surface chemistry of adsorbed halogen atoms on Si(100) has been studied using several surface science methods. It has been found that Cl atoms bond to dangling bonds on symmetric Si2 dimer sites, and that the Si-Cl bond angle is tilted from the normal in the vertical plane containing the Si2 dimer bond. The covalently-bonded halogens Cl, Br, and I have been studied on Si(100) using atomic hydrogen bombardment at low substrate temperatures (300 - 630 K). In all cases, facile elimination of the hydrogen halide occurs, and the coverage of halogen may be driven to zero by moderate exposure to atomic hydrogen. The halogen extraction process is almost non-activated, suggesting that the chemical reaction to produce hydrogen halide species is driven by the potential energy carried by the atomic hydrogen species. This is an example of an Eley-Rideal reaction process and provides a potentially useful new approach for controlling atomic layer chemistry on semiconductors. Silicon, Extraction, Halogens, Atomic layer epitaxy, Eley-Rideal reactive, Atomic hydrogen.
COMORBIDITY OF INTERSTITIAL CYSTITIS WITH OTHER UNEXPLAINED CLINICAL CONDITIONS (2004)

Further investigation of the stress response system of patients with IC seems merited, which may provide novel approaches to therapy in some patients.
Ultraviolet B radiation and reactive oxygen species modulate interleukin-31 expression in T lymphocytes, monocytes and dendritic cells (2011)

Our studies reveal that UVB and reactive oxygen species stimulate the expression of IL-31 in PBMCs and skin, especially in T cells, monocytes and monocyte-derived dendritic cells.
Isolation and Characterization of Mutants of Common Ice Plant Deficient in Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (2008)

Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) is a specialized mode of photosynthesis that improves water use efficiency by shifting part or all of net atmospheric CO2 uptake to the night. Genetic dissection of regulatory and metabolic attributes of CAM has been limited by the difficulty of identifying a reliable phenotype for mutant screening. We developed a novel and simple colorimetric assay to measure leaf pH to screen fast neutron-mutagenized populations of common ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum), a facultative CAM species, to detect CAM-deficient mutants with limited nocturnal acidification. The isolated CAM-deficient mutants showed negligible net dark CO2 uptake compared with wild-type plants following the imposition of salinity stress. The mutants and wild-type plants accumulated nearly comparable levels of sodium in leaves, but the mutants grew more slowly than the wild-type plants. The mutants also had substantially reduced seed set and seed weight relative to wild type under salinity stress. Carbon-isotope ratios of seed collected from 4-month-old plants indicated that C3 photosynthesis made a greater contribution to seed production in mutants compared to wild type. The CAM-deficient mutants were deficient in leaf starch and lacked plastidic phosphoglucomutase, an enzyme critical for gluconeogenesis and starch formation, resulting in substrate limitation of nocturnal C4 acid formation. The restoration of nocturnal acidification by feeding detached leaves of salt-stressed mutants with glucose or sucrose supported this defect and served to illustrate the flexibility of CAM. The CAM-deficient mutants described here constitute important models for exploring regulatory features and metabolic consequences of CAM.
Activation of mechanical responses in leukocytes (1990)

Different kinds of leukocytes undergo cytoskeleton-dependent mechanical responses associated with their specific physiological functions. We have investigated cellular stiffening of several types of leukocytes using a method which measures the force resisting cellular indentation. We have found that lymphocytes stiffen in response to crosslinking cell surface antigens in a process associated with the much studied capping and patching processes. Further studies of myosin-deficient mutants of the ameba Dictyostelium discoideum suggest that this stiffening process results from a myosin dependent contractile process. Rat basophilic leukemia cells and pancreatic islet cells stiffen when triggered to secrete. The function of these cytoskeleton dependent processes is now unknown, but, at least in the islet cells, may be related to a regulation of the rate of secretion. Primary neutrophils stiffen in response to the chemotactic agent, fMet-Leu-Phe. This stiffening may be responsible for retention of these cells in the pulmonary microcirculation during response to inflammation. These observations pose the challenge of determining the structural basis, mechanism, and physiological function of each of these cellular responses.
Analysis of an Optical Wireless Receiver Using a Hemispherical Lens With Application in MIMO Visible Light Communications (2013)

White lighting LEDs offer great potential for high speed communications, especially for indoor applications. However, for their widespread adoption, two important issues need to be addressed: the lack of diversity in multiple-input multiple output (MIMO) systems, and the small field of view of receivers. In this paper, we describe a design using a hemispherical lens in the receiver that solves these problems. By using classical optics, we derive exact expressions for the channel gain and the optical power density of the projected images. Simulation results of a typical indoor scenario show that the new system has a wide field of view, and provides adequate channel gain for angles of incidence as large as 70 degrees. We present the distribution of optical power on the imaging plane for various receiving positions and tilted receivers over a number of representative indoor scenarios. They show that the images of LEDs are clearly distinguishable. The results demonstrate the presence of low channel correlations between individual transmitters and receivers. Consequently, this confirms that the new technique is capable of providing significant diversity order for MIMO optical wireless applications.
Mucosal Tolerance to a Bacterial Superantigen Indicates a Novel Pathway To Prevent Toxic Shock (2002)

Enterotoxins with superantigenic properties secreted during systemic Staphylococcus aureus infection are responsible for toxic shock. We show that intranasal administration of staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA), but not a recombinant SEA lacking superantigenic activity, protected mice against lethal systemic SEA challenge. Protection was superantigen specific since intranasal exposure to SEA would not protect against death caused by subsequent toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 systemic challenge. Protection was neither due to selective depletion of SEA-specific T-cell receptor Vbeta families nor due to production of neutralizing anti-SEA antibodies. Importantly, the production of interleukin 10 (IL-10) induced by "tolerization" (that is, by the induction of immunological tolerance) contributed to the observed protection against lethal superantigen-triggered disease. In support of this notion we found that (i) significantly increased levels of IL-10 in sera of "tolerized" animals (that is, animals rendered tolerant) and (ii) IL-10(-/-) mice could not be tolerized by mucosal SEA administration. Altogether, this is the first study to show that mucosal tolerance to a superantigen is readily triggered by means of immunodeviation.
Discontiguous OFDM considerations for dynamic spectrum access in idle TV channels (2005)

Sharing spectrum with systems that employ frequency reuse over large geographical areas (e.g., TV stations) provides an opportunity to improve spectrum utilization. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is considering such sharing in the TV hands (2004). This technical and regulatory opportunity prompted the IEEE to create a new committee, 802.22, that will develop a wireless regional area network (WRAN) standard for operating on vacant TV channels. This paper quantifies the idle bandwidth in the current TV band assignments; although the TV station information incorporated here is specific to the United States, the methodology and findings should be relevant to a global audience. The methodology for this analysis is distinct from prior literature on spectrum use measurements and offers a complementary perspective. Furthermore, the statistics from the analysis point to the value of systems that can operate on discontiguous portions of the radio spectrum. One approach, a modified form of OFDM here termed Discontiguous OFDM (DOFDM), could be well-suited to this dynamic spectrum access application. This paper provides a preliminary description of a DOFDM prototype and describes special considerations for its implementation
Structural and Functional Characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Global Regulator AmpR (2014)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a dreaded pathogen in many clinical settings. Its inherent and acquired antibiotic resistance thwarts therapy. In particular, derepression of the AmpC β-lactamase is a common mechanism of β-lactam resistance among clinical isolates. The inducible expression of ampC is controlled by the global LysR-type transcriptional regulator (LTTR) AmpR. In the present study, we investigated the genetic and structural elements that are important for ampC induction. Specifically, the ampC (PampC) and ampR (PampR) promoters and the AmpR protein were characterized. The transcription start sites (TSSs) of the divergent transcripts were mapped using 5' rapid amplification of cDNA ends-PCR (RACE-PCR), and strong σ(54) and σ(70) consensus sequences were identified at PampR and PampC, respectively. Sigma factor RpoN was found to negatively regulate ampR expression, possibly through promoter blocking. Deletion mapping revealed that the minimal PampC extends 98 bp upstream of the TSS. Gel shifts using membrane fractions showed that AmpR binds to PampC in vitro whereas in vivo binding was demonstrated using chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative PCR (ChIP-qPCR). Additionally, site-directed mutagenesis of the AmpR helix-turn-helix (HTH) motif identified residues critical for binding and function (Ser38 and Lys42) and critical for function but not binding (His39). Amino acids Gly102 and Asp135, previously implicated in the repression state of AmpR in the enterobacteria, were also shown to play a structural role in P. aeruginosa AmpR. Alkaline phosphatase fusion and shaving experiments suggest that AmpR is likely to be membrane associated. Lastly, an in vivo cross-linking study shows that AmpR dimerizes. In conclusion, a potential membrane-associated AmpR dimer regulates ampC expression by direct binding.
Marine natural products: highly functionalized steroids (12β-hydroxy-24-norcholesta-1,4,22-trien-3-one and 12β-acetoxy-24-norcholesta-1,4,22-trien-3-one) from the sea raspberry, Gersemiarubiformis (1982)

Two new C 26 steroid Δ 1.4 -dien-3-ones 5 and 6 with 12β oxygen functions have been isolated from the soft coral Gersemiarubiformis and their structures elucidated from their spectral data and chemical transformations.
Resistance Gene-Dependent Activation of a Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinase in the Plant Defense Response (2000)

In the Cf-9/Avr9 gene-for-gene interaction, the Cf-9 resistance gene from tomato confers resistance to the fungal pathogen Cladosporium fulvum, which expresses the corresponding pathogen-derived avirulence product Avr9. To understand R gene function and dissect the signaling mechanisms involved in the induction of plant defenses, we studied Cf-9/Avr9-dependent activation of protein kinases in transgenic Cf9 tobacco cell cultures. Using a modified in-gel kinase assay with histone as substrate, we identified a membrane-bound, calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK) that showed a shift in electrophoretic mobility from 68 to 70 kD within 5 min after Avr9 elicitor was added. This transition from the nonelicited to the elicited CDPK form was caused by a phosphorylation event and was verified when antibodies to CDPK were used for protein gel blot analysis. In addition, the interconversion of the corresponding CDPK forms could be induced in vitro in both directions by treatment with either phosphatase or ATP. In vitro protein kinase activity toward syntide-2 or histone with membrane extracts or gel-purified enzyme was dependent on Ca(2)+ content and was compromised by the calmodulin antagonist N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide (W-7) but not by its inactive isoform N-(6-aminohexyl)-1-naphthalenesulfonamide. In these assays, the CDPK activity in elicited samples, reflecting predominantly the phosphorylated 70-kD CDPK form, was greater than in nonelicited samples. Thus, Avr9/Cf-9-dependent phosphorylation and subsequent transition from the nonelicited to the elicited form correlate with the activation of a CDPK isoform after in vivo stimulation. Because that transition was not inhibited by W-7, the in vivo CDPK activation probably is not the result of autophosphorylation. Studies with pharmacological inhibitors indicated that the identified CDPK is independent of or is located upstream from a signaling pathway that is required for the Avr9-induced active oxygen species.
Antecedentes y aparición de la Psicología del Procesamiento de Información: un estudio histórico (1993)

ResumenEl presente artículo recopila los grandes hitos asociados al surgimiento de la Psicología del Procesamiento de Información (principales autores, obras, instituciones, eventos científicos, etc.) en Gran Bretaña y Estados Unidos, países en donde este enfoque tiene su origen. Esto se hace a través de una perspectiva de análisis histórico que, remontándonos a los años veinte—y tras pasar revista a los acontecimientos más relevantes para la Historia de la Psicología acaecidos durante los años treinta, cuarenta y cincuenta—, nos conduce a 1958, fecha clave para el nacimiento y difusión de lo que hoy conocemos como Psicología del Procesamiento de Información.
Normally‐off GaN‐MISFET with well‐controlled threshold voltage (2007)

Abstract A new device structure with four epitaxial layers and a recessed gate is proposed for normally‐off operation in GaN‐FETs. Employment of this structure makes it possible to control accurately the threshold voltage without accurate control of recess etching depth. The high breakdown voltage and the low on‐resistance of the fabricated devices are also reported. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Platinum(II)-Catalyzed Reaction of 2-Alkynylbenzoates or Benzothioates with Vinyl Ethers:  A Concise Method for Synthesis of 1-Acyl-4-alkoxy- or 1-Acyl-4-alkylsulfanylnaphthalene Derivatives (2004)

[reaction: see text] A concise method for the preparation of 1-acyl-4-alkoxy- or 1-acyl-4-alkylsulfanylnaphthalenes has been developed by the reaction of o-ethynylbenzoates or benzothioates with vinyl ethers, in the presence of a catalytic amount of PtCl(2). It is proposed that the reaction proceeds through [3 + 2]-cycloaddition of the platinum-containing carbonyl ylides followed by 1,2-alkyl migration.
Platelet tyrosine-specific protein phosphorylation is regulated by thrombin. (1988)

Intact human platelets, terminally differentiated cells with no growth potential, were found to possess unusually high levels of tyrosine-specific protein phosphorylation. The physiological platelet activator thrombin transiently elevated platelet phosphotyrosine content, apparently through stimulation of one or more tyrosine-specific protein kinases. Immunoblotting with antiphosphotyrosine antiserum showed that thrombin caused dramatic changes in the tyrosine phosphorylation of a number of individual protein bands and that these changes occurred in three distinct temporal waves. Most but not all of the protein bands phosphorylated at tyrosine in response to thrombin were also tyrosine phosphorylated in response to chilling or the combination of ionophore A23187 and tetradecanoylphorbol acetate. Thrombin stimulated the phosphorylation of the tyrosine kinase pp60c-src, primarily at Ser-12 and Tyr-527, although the effects of these phosphorylations on platelet pp60c-src function were not apparent. Together, these results suggest that tyrosine-specific protein kinases of uncertain identity are involved in signal transduction in platelets.
Effects of the atmospheric phase fluctuation on long-distance measurement (1984)

Using a phase-locked interferometer, the phase fluctuation of laser beam propagation in the field has been investigated as a function of path length and beam spacing over the wide-frequency range. The higher frequency portion of the result shows good agreement with the result reported by Clifford. The variance of the averaged data follows a −1/3 power law for the theoretical averaging time in the homogeneous field. Using these data, the effect of the phase fluctuation is analyzed on practical long-distance measurements by a two-color method.
Fabrication of zinc-dicarboxylate- and zinc-pyrazolate-carboxylate-framework thin films through vapour–solid deposition (2018)

Fabrication of three-dimensional metal-organic framework (MOF) thin films has been investigated for the first time through the conversion of a ZnO layer via a pure vapour-solid deposition reaction at ambient pressure. The fabrication of MOF thin films with a dicarboxylate linker, (DMA)2[Zn3(bdc)4] (1) (bdc = 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate), and a carboxy-pyrazolate linker, [Zn4O(dmcapz)6] (2) (dmcapz = 3,5-dimethyl-4-carboxypyrazole), involves the deposition of the linker and/or the preparation of a composite film preliminarily and its subsequent conversion into a MOF film using closed cell thermal treatment. Furthermore, it was possible to isolate thin films with a MOF-5 isotype structure grown along the [110] direction, using a carboxy-pyrazolate linker. This was achieved just by the direct reaction of the ZnO film and the organic linker vapors, employing a simple route that demonstrates the feasibility of MOF thin film fabrication using inexpensive routes at ambient pressure.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Perspective from China (2020)

In December 2019, an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, and spread across China and beyond. On February 12, 2020, the World Health Organization officially named the disease caused by the novel coronavirus as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Because most patients infected with COVID-19 had pneumonia and characteristic CT imaging patterns, radiologic examinations have become vital in early diagnosis and the assessment of disease course. To date, CT findings have been recommended as major evidence for clinical diagnosis of COVID-19 in Hubei, China. This review focuses on the etiology, epidemiology, and clinical symptoms of COVID-19 while highlighting the role of chest CT in prevention and disease control.
Real-Time 3D Reconstruction in Dynamic Scenes Using Point-Based Fusion (2013)

Real-time or online 3D reconstruction has wide applicability and receives further interest due to availability of consumer depth cameras. Typical approaches use a moving sensor to accumulate depth measurements into a single model which is continuously refined. Designing such systems is an intricate balance between reconstruction quality, speed, spatial scale, and scene assumptions. Existing online methods either trade scale to achieve higher quality reconstructions of small objects/scenes. Or handle larger scenes by trading real-time performance and/or quality, or by limiting the bounds of the active reconstruction. Additionally, many systems assume a static scene, and cannot robustly handle scene motion or reconstructions that evolve to reflect scene changes. We address these limitations with a new system for real-time dense reconstruction with equivalent quality to existing online methods, but with support for additional spatial scale and robustness in dynamic scenes. Our system is designed around a simple and flat point-Based representation, which directly works with the input acquired from range/depth sensors, without the overhead of converting between representations. The use of points enables speed and memory efficiency, directly leveraging the standard graphics pipeline for all central operations, i.e., camera pose estimation, data association, outlier removal, fusion of depth maps into a single denoised model, and detection and update of dynamic objects. We conclude with qualitative and quantitative results that highlight robust tracking and high quality reconstructions of a diverse set of scenes at varying scales.
General Influence of Biphasic Calcium Phosphate on Osteoporotic Bone Density (2019)

Abstract Bone density of the femur body of rabbit was determined in vivo . Experimental osteoporosis was induced by ovariectomy and subsequent injections of methylprednisolone. In the greater trochanter region of right femur, defects were created and filled with granules of hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate (HAP/TCP 70/30) or HAP/TCP 70/30 together with 5% strontium. After three months, the animals were euthanized. The bone mass density of the right and left body of femur was measured by cone beam computed tomography (CT) scan. The results of the study showed that the right femur of the rabbit, where biomaterials had been implanted, and the left femur, where no biomaterial implantation occurred, became denser after filling the defect with HAP/TCP 70/30 ceramic granules or 5% Sr modified HAP/TCP ceramic granules. There was no difference between operated and non-operated legs and HAP/TCP and HAP/TCP with 5% strontium groups.
Monoclonal antibodies to rat renal antigens. (1984)

We have developed hybridoma cell lines which secrete monoclonal antibodies to some rat renal antigens, namely the brush border of proximal tubular epithelium and the cytoplasm of tubular cells. The immunoglobulin class of the hybridoma was found to be IgG1. Specific antibody activity against either glomerular basement membrane (GBM) and tubular basement membrane (TBM) or Bowman's capsule and a part of TBM was observed, although these hybridoma cell lines have not yet been successfully established. In particular, the hybridoma secreting antibodies to TBM did not remain stable during antibody production, and was lost during the culture and cloning procedures. These monoclonal antibodies should be of value in research on the pathogenesis of human glomerulonephritis.