gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
"Back-Seat Driver": Spatial Sound for Vehicular Way-Finding and Situation Awareness (2006)

We are exploring IDSS (intelligent driver support systems), especially including way-finding presented via spatial audio. ("Way-finding" refers to giving a driver directions, as via car navigation ['car-nabi"] GPS/GIS systems.) We have developed a networked driving simulator as a virtual-reality based interface (control/display system) featuring integration with the Sc haire rotary motion platform for azimuth-display, stereographic display for 3D graphics, and spatial audio (sound spatialization) way-finding cues. A design for a guidance system coupled with a GPS system is described, using dynamically selected HRTFs (headrelated transfer functions) to directionalize arbitrary audio signals. The system is intended to provide a capability for way-finding as an audio compass or homing beacon. "Back-seat driver" is a slang expression for a passenger (often stereotypically a mother-in-law) who offers driving advice while en route. Besides this colloquialism, we also interpret the phrase literally: we have developed a doubledriver (long ladder) fire-truck simulation with a "tiller" (rear steering), which can be driven via an integrated pair of our driving simulator stations. We have incorporated navigation cues into the emergency vehicle simulator, and are are working to deploy such a system in a real vehicle. Keywords: augmented audio reality, GIS (geographic information systems), GPS (global positioning satellite) applications, stereotelephony, way-finding.
EFFECT OF ADRENOCORTICOTROPHIN ON INTRACELLULAR CHOLESTEROL TRANSPORT (1980)

The rate of side-chain cleavage of cholesterol by mitochondria derived from mouse adrenal tumour cells was measured. Incubation of the cells in the presence of adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) for periods of up to 1 h was without effect on the subsequent side-chain cleavage by mitochondria. However, if the cells were incubated in the presence of aminoglutethimide phosphate (0·76 mmol/l), addition of ACTH (final concentration 86 u./l) to the medium containing the cells increased the subsequent rate of side-chain cleavage by the isolated mitochondria. This response reached a maximum after incubation of cells with ACTH for 2 h and decayed when the isolated mitochondria were left at 0 °C, although a significant difference was still apparent after 120 min. Similar stimulation of mitochondrial side-chain cleavage by ACTH was observed when the reaction was inhibited by anaerobiosis instead of aminoglutethimide phosphate. Addition of dibutyryl cyclic AMP, at final concentrations greater than 10 −5 mol/l, to cells during incubation with aminoglutethimide phosphate (0·76 mmol/l) also stimulated the conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone by the mitochondria. Provided the adrenal tumour cells were incubated with aminoglutethimide, or anaerobically, the mean cholesterol content of the inner mitochondrial membrane was significantly higher ( P &lt; 0·01) when ACTH was included in the incubation medium than when it was not. It is concluded that ACTH increases the movement of cholesterol to the mitochondrial membrane which contains the side-chain cleavage enzyme system and that part of this cholesterol is used for the enhanced conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone brought about by ACTH.
Appropriate use of bone densitometry. (1989)

The authors discuss current capabilities of three common bone densitometry techniques--single photon absorptiometry, dual photon absorptiometry, and quantitative computed tomography--and potential capabilities of new innovations of each of these techniques. They believe that use of bone densitometry is valid in the following four clinical applications and recommend its usage to (a) assess patients with metabolic diseases known to affect the skeleton, (b) assess perimenopausal women for initiation of estrogen replacement therapy, (c) establish a diagnosis of osteoporosis or assess its severity in the context of general clinical care, and (d) monitor the efficacy of treatment interventions or the natural course of disease.
Concise Total Synthesis of (+)-Pleiocarpamine and Convergent Total Syntheses of (+)-Voacalgine A and (+)-Bipleiophylline via an Aerobic Oxidative Coupling (2023)

The stereocontrolled total synthesis of (+)-pleiocarpamine and the total syntheses of (+)-voacalgine A and (+)-bipleiophylline have been achieved. The scalable and concise 10-step synthesis of (+)-pleiocarpamine features construction of stereochemistry at the C16 position by radical cyclization and that of the highly strained cage-like structure via Pd-catalyzed intramolecular aromatic C-H functionalization. By modifying the biomimetic aerobic oxidative coupling of tryptophane derivatives catalyzed by FePc(CO<sub>2</sub>H)<sub>8</sub>, the oxidative coupling of the synthesized (+)-pleiocarpamine with pyrocatechuic acid was established to produce (+)-voacalgine A. The total synthesis of (+)-bipleiophylline was completed by the second coupling of (+)-voacalgine A with (+)-pleiocarpamine or one-pot couplings of 2 equiv of (+)-pleiocarpamine with pyrocatechuic acid.
Cutting multiparticle correlators down to size (2020)

Multiparticle correlators are mathematical objects frequently encountered in quantum field theory and collider physics. By translating multiparticle correlators into the language of graph theory, we can gain new insights into their structure as well as identify efficient ways to manipulate them. We highlight the power of this graph-theoretic approach by ``cutting open'' the vertices and edges of the graphs, allowing us to systematically classify linear relations among multiparticle correlators and develop faster methods for their computation. The naive computational complexity of an $N$-point correlator among $M$ particles is $\mathcal{O}({M}^{N})$, but when the pairwise distances between particles can be cast as an inner product, we show that all such correlators can be computed in linear $\mathcal{O}(M)$ run-time. With the help of new tensorial objects called energy flow moments, we achieve a fast implementation of jet substructure observables like ${C}_{2}$ and ${D}_{2}$, which are widely used at the Large Hadron Collider to identify boosted hadronic resonances. As another application, we compute the number of leafless multigraphs with $d$ edges up to $d=16\text{ }\text{ }(15,641,159)$, conjecturing that this is the same as the number of independent kinematic polynomials of degree $d$, previously known only to $d=8$ (279).
Zero-Voltage-Switching Buck-Flyback Isolated DC-DC Converter with Synchronous Rectification (2006)

This paper presents a zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) buck-flyback isolated DC-DC converter with two isolated outputs on the primary side and secondary side respectively, wherein primary-side feedback control is used. The primary output is tightly regulated while achieving rough regulation for the secondary output. Since no control isolation is needed, the cost and complexity are reduced as compared with conventional flyback converters with two outputs. Moreover, no tertiary transformer winding is needed for the primary output with primary-side control, so the transformer copper window utilization and conversion efficiency are improved compared to the multi-output flyback converters. The ZVS operation for two main switches is achieved and is verified by experimental results. Both theoretical analyses and experimental results verify the good regulation on two outputs.
Morphine Withdrawal Increases Glutamate Uptake and Surface Expression of Glutamate Transporter GLT1 at Hippocampal Synapses (2003)

Opiate abuse causes adaptive changes in several processes of synaptic transmission in which the glutamatergic system appears a critical element involved in opiate tolerance and dependence, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, we found that glutamate uptake in hippocampal synaptosomes was significantly increased (by 70% in chronic morphine-treated rats) during the morphine withdrawal period, likely attributable to an increase in the number of functional glutamate transporters. Immunoblot analysis showed that expression of GLT1 (glutamate transporter subtype 1) was identified to be upregulated in synaptosomes but not in total tissues, suggesting a redistribution of glutamate transporter expression. Moreover, the increase in glutamate uptake was reproduced in cultured neurons during morphine withdrawal, and the increase of uptake in neurons could be blocked by dihydrokainate, a specific inhibitor of GLT1. Cell surface biotinylation and immunoblot analysis showed that morphine withdrawal produced an increase in GLT1 expression rather than EAAC1 (excitatory amino acids carrier 1), a neuronal subtype, at the cultured neuronal cell surface, whereas no significant change was observed in that of cultured astrocytes. Electron microscopy also revealed that GLT1 expression was markedly increased in the nerve terminals of hippocampus and associated with the plasma membrane in vivo. These results suggest that GLT1 in hippocampal neurons can be induced to translocate to the nerve terminals and express on the cell surface during morphine withdrawal. The translocation of GLT1 at synapses during morphine withdrawal provides a neuronal mechanism for modulation of excitatory neurotransmission during opiate abuse.
Kinetic study on thermal polymerization and cross‐linking of pre‐irradiated 1,4‐butanediol diacrylate (1994)

Abstract The thermal polymerization and cross‐linking of 1,4‐butanediol diacrylate taking place after irradiation was followed kinetically in the temperature range from 60 to 140°C. Low conversions were reached by polychromatic pre‐irradiation in the absence of any photoinitiating species. The disappearance of double bonds follows first‐order kinetics, up to degree of conversion 0,4 &lt; x &lt; 0,5, and then proceeds up to high x values, according to a multiple relaxation phenomenon, characterized by the same mean relaxation lifetime as first‐order kinetics. Activation parameters also were calculated. The present results on the decay of double bonds are discussed in the framework of the classical polymerization mechanism and in connection with previous kinetical data on the decay of radicals trapped in the same pre‐irradiated monomer, obtained by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements. Propagation and termination processes depend in the same way on the mobility of the vitrified polymerized network, both being diffusion‐controlled.
Mechanism of ammonia formation by reaction of trans-[Mo(NH)X(Ph2PCH2CH2PPh2)2]+(X = F, Cl, Br, or I) with base in methanol (1981)

At ambient temperatures in methanol the complexes trans-[Mo(NH)X(dppe)2]+[where X = F, Cl, Br, or I and dppe = 1,2-bis (diphenylphosphino)ethane] are inert to acid, but give ammonia in high yield on treatment with methoxide. An initial rapid deprotonation of the substrate renders the trans halide labile and when X = Cl, Br, or I the halide is liberated rapidly (k > 300 s–1) to yield a common species which on spectrophotometric evidence is an equilibrium mixture of the contact and solvent-separated ion pairs of [MoN(dppe)2]+ and X–. This cation reacts with methoxide ion (k= 1.7 ± 0.4 × 106 dm3 mol–1s–1), to yield [MoN(OCH3)(dppe)2] which rapidly abstracts a proton from solvent to give [Mo(NH)(OCH3)(dppe)2]+. When X = F, the same sequence of reactions occurs but dissociation of fluoride from the intermediate [Mo(N)F(dppe)2] is rate-limiting (k= 1.78 s–1). The pKa of trans-[Mo (NH)X(dppe)2]+ is very sensitive to the nature of the trans ligand and π-bonding influences dominate. [Mo(NH)(OCH3)(dppe)2]+ reacts (k= 1.57 × 10–4 s–1 at 25 °C, ΔH‡= 50 kJ mol–1, ΔS‡=–143 J K–1 mol–1) in basic methanol with rate-limiting phosphine-chelate ring opening to give a product which gave a positive indophenol test for ammonia (70% yield). [Mo(NH)(OCH3)(dppe)2]+ reacts with HX in methanol to form trans-[Mo(NH)X(dppe)2]+ with rate-limiting dissociation of methanol (k5 > 3.9 × 102 s–1) formed by rapid protonation of the co-ordinated methoxy-group (pKa < 1.8).
Cool Colored Roofs to Save Energy and Improve Air Quality (2005)

Urban areas tend to have higher air temperatures than their rural surroundings as a result of gradual surface modifications that include replacing the natural vegetation with buildings and roads.The term "Urban Heat Island" describes this phenomenon.The surfaces of buildings and pavements absorb solar radiation and become extremely hot, which in turn warm the surrounding air.Cities that have been "paved over" do not receive the benefit of the natural cooling effect of vegetation.As the air temperature rises, so does the demand for air-conditioning (a/c).This leads to higher emissions from power plants, as well as increased smog formation as a result of warmer temperatures.In the United States, we have found that this increase in air temperature is responsible for 5-10% of urban peak electric demand for a/c use, and as much as 20% of populationweighted smog concentrations in urban areas.Simple ways to cool the cities are the use of reflective surfaces (rooftops and pavements) and planting of urban vegetation.On a large scale, the evapotranspiration from vegetation and increased reflection of incoming solar radiation by reflective surfaces will cool a community a few degrees in the summer.As an example, computer simulations for Los Angeles, CA show that resurfacing about two-third of the pavements and rooftops with reflective surfaces and planting three trees per house can cool down LA by an average of 2-3K.This reduction in air temperature will reduce urban smog exposure in the LA basin by roughly the same amount as removing the basin entire onroad vehicle exhaust.Heat island mitigation is an effective air pollution control strategy, more than paying for itself in cooling energy cost savings.We estimate that the cooling energy savings in U.S. from cool surfaces and shade trees, when fully implemented, is about $5 billion per year (about $100 per air-conditioned house).
Real-Time Computing Platform for Spiking Neurons (RT-Spike) (2006)

A computing platform is described for simulating arbitrary networks of spiking neurons in real time. A hybrid computing scheme is adopted that uses both software and hardware components to manage the tradeoff between flexibility and computational power; the neuron model is implemented in hardware and the network model and the learning are implemented in software. The incremental transition of the software components into hardware is supported. We focus on a spike response model (SRM) for a neuron where the synapses are modeled as input-driven conductances. The temporal dynamics of the synaptic integration process are modeled with a synaptic time constant that results in a gradual injection of charge. This type of model is computationally expensive and is not easily amenable to existing software-based event-driven approaches. As an alternative we have designed an efficient time-based computing architecture in hardware, where the different stages of the neuron model are processed in parallel. Further improvements occur by computing multiple neurons in parallel using multiple processing units. This design is tested using reconfigurable hardware and its scalability and performance evaluated. Our overall goal is to investigate biologically realistic models for the real-time control of robots operating within closed action-perception loops, and so we evaluate the performance of the system on simulating a model of the cerebellum where the emulation of the temporal dynamics of the synaptic integration process is important.
A novel route for connexin 43 to inhibit cell proliferation: negative regulation of S-phase kinase-associated protein (Skp 2). (2003)

Accumulated evidence suggests that connexin43 (Cx43) serves as a tumor-suppressing gene. We have previously shownA. B. that Cx43 suppressed the G(1)-S phase cell cycle transition via increasing the level of p27 (Zhang, Y. W., et al., Oncogene, 20: 4138-4149, 2001). Here we report that Cx43 inhibited expression of Skp2, the human F-box protein that regulates p27 ubiquitination. This reduction was attributed to an increased degradation of Skp2. The Cx43 antisense oligonucleotide blocked this inhibitory effect of Cx43 on Skp2 expression and led to p27 down-regulation. In contrast, the antisense oligonucleotide of Skp2 induced a further increase in the level of p27. However, ectopic expression of Skp2 reversed the Cx43-induced Skp2 reduction, p27 accumulation, and cell proliferation inhibition. Cx43 increased p27 expression only in the SKP2 +/+ mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs), but not in the SKP2 -/- MEFs, indicating that Skp2 plays a critical role in the Cx43-induced p27 up-regulation. We also show that both Skp2 and p27 are required for Cx43 to inhibit cell proliferation, in that Cx43 hardly inhibited cell proliferation of the SKP2 -/- and p27 -/- MEFs, whereas it clearly did both in the SKP2 +/- and in the p27 +/- MEFs. Our findings suggest a new route for Cx43 to inhibit tumor growth by linking it with the key cell cycle regulators.
Multistatic ambiguity function and sensor placement strategies (2012)

In this chapter, we present the concept of the multistatic ambiguity function and how it can be used to develop sensor placement strategies in multistatic radar systems. The multistatic ambiguity function provides a complete description of a given multistatic system and serves as a perfect link between the system parameters and performance measures. It has been successfully used in the literature to assess and design receiver weighting and waveform selection rules. We put emphasis on adequate sensor placement as a way of improving multistatic radar system performances. We present several simulation results that illustrate the significance of proper sensor placement in system configurations with a single transmitter and multiple receivers. We analyse both the case when it is possible to reposition the transmitter (for fixed receivers) and the case when it is possible to move some receivers (for a fixed transmitter) in order to achieve the best system resolution. We also provide several examples that demonstrate potential benefits of combining waveform selection, receiver weighting and sensor placement strategies in multistatic radar systems.
The RSS System of Unidirectional Cross-Incompatibility in Maize: I. Genetics (1992)

Self-incompatibility has never been reported in maize, but a few examples of cross-incompatibility have been. One such example was noted in 1975 at our maize cytogenetics nursery at Ames, lowa. When the derivatives of a specific line am(papu)/a1 sh2 (now called RSS females) were crossed with specific males, namely a1 et/a1 et or A1 et/A1 et (now called RSS males), the resultant ears showed reduced seed setting (<25 seeds/ear). The reciprocal crosses between the same parents resulted in normal seed setting. Previous studies in this cross-incompatibility showed that the incompatibility reaction in this case is not controlled by the known incompatibility genes. In the present studies, we found that this unidirectional cross-incompatibility is controlled by three recessive loci. One locus, cif, controls the incompatibility reaction in the female parent; the other two, cim1 and cim2, control the incompatibility reaction in the pollen parent. The cross is incompatible only when the female parent is homozygously recessive for the cif locus and when the male parent is homozygously recessive for the cim1 and the cim2 loci. The reciprocal cross between these parents is compatible. The RSS phenotype (reduced seed set)can only be visualized when the female (RSS female) and male (RSS male) parents of the cross have these designated genotypes.
Polarized efflux of iodide in porcine thyrocytes occurs via a cAMP-regulated iodide channel in the apical plasma membrane (1992)

The intracellular regulation of thyrotropin-stimulated iodide efflux was studied in polarized porcine thyrocytes grown as a continuous, tight monolayer in bicameral culture chambers. From a previous study using this system we know that thyrotropin rapidly increases iodide efflux in the apical but not basal direction of the polarized epithelium. [125I]-iodide efflux in apical direction was stimulated by thyrotropin in a concentration-dependent manner (1-10 U/l), whereas efflux in basal direction was unchanged at any thyrotropin dose. Thyrotropin-induced elevation of intracellular cAMP showed a corresponding concentration dependence. The selective stimulation of apical efflux by thyrotropin was evident also when re-uptake of iodide released in basal direction was blocked by perchlorate. The effect of thyrotropin on apical efflux was mimicked by 8-bromo-cAMP and forskolin, whereas agents known to activate the Ca2+/phosphatidylinositol cascade (epidermal growth factor) and protein kinase C (phorbol ester) or increase cytosolic [Ca2+] (A23187) were inactive. We conclude that the selective stimulation by thyrotropin of apical iodide efflux, corresponding to efflux in luminal direction in intact follicles, occurs via cAMP-regulated iodide channels present in the apical domain of the plasma membrane.
δ-Hydroxy-γ-oxo-L-norvaline, a New Antitubercular Antibiotic. (1). Structural Studies. (1960)

Streptomyces akiyoshiensis novo sp., which was isolated from a soil sample collected at Akiyoshido, Yamaguchi Prefecture, produced a new antibiotic, C5H9O4N, active solely against pathogenic tubercle bacilli including strains resistant against streptomycin, INAH, and other hitherto known antituberculosis antibiotics and chemotherapeutics. This antibiotic was assumed to be a new neutral amino acid having a non-conjugated carbonyl group in the molecule and the structure of δ-hydroxy-γ-oxo-L-norvaline was proposed. From the chemical structure, the name HON was given to this new antibiotic.
V2-Directed Vaccine-like Antibodies from HIV-1 Infection Identify an Additional K169-Binding Light Chain Motif with Broad ADCC Activity (2018)

Antibodies that bind residue K169 in the V2 region of the HIV-1 envelope correlated with reduced risk of infection in the RV144 vaccine trial but were restricted to two ED-motif-encoding light chain genes. Here, we identify an HIV-infected donor with high-titer V2 peptide-binding antibodies and isolate two antibody lineages (CAP228-16H/19F and CAP228-3D) that mediate potent antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). Both lineages use the IGHV5-51 heavy chain germline gene, similar to the RV144 antibody CH58, but one lineage (CAP228-16H/19F) uses a light chain without the ED motif. A cocrystal structure of CAP228-16H bound to a V2 peptide identified a IGLV3-21 gene-encoded DDxD motif that is used to bind K169, with a mechanism that allows CAP228-16H to recognize more globally relevant V2 immunotypes. Overall, these data further our understanding of the development of cross-reactive, V2-binding, antiviral antibodies and effectively expand the human light chain repertoire able to respond to RV144-like immunogens.
Two-dimensional MMSE channel estimation for OFDM systems with transmitter diversity (2002)

A two-dimensional pilot-symbol aided (2-D PSA) channel estimation technique for coherent orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems with transmitter diversity is proposed. The 2-D PSA channel estimator and the corresponding orthogonality condition of the set of pilot symbols are derived under minimum mean-square error (MMSE) criterion for OFDM systems with transmitter diversity. The proposed estimator is shown to be accurate and effective for tracking variations of channels between multiple transmitter antennas and receiver antennas.