gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Growth and field emission characteristics of diamond films on macroporous silicon substrate (2008)

The effect of substrate pretreatments such as ultrasonication or scratching by diamond powder on the microstructure and field emission characteristics of diamond grown over silicon and macroporous (anodized) silicon substrates was investigated. These films were grown in a hot filament chemical vapor deposition (CVD) system. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) studies revealed that ultrasonic pretreatment of the substrates increases nucleation density of CVD diamond by two orders of magnitude. Atomic force microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray analysis of the substrates showed that seeding is responsible for the enhanced nucleation density of diamond. SEM study showed that diamond powder scratching of porous silicon leads to uniform coverage of the substrate by the CVD diamond. Cross-sectional SEM showed growth of diamond inside the pores only after pretreating porous silicon with diamond powder. Raman spectroscopy of all the samples showed a scattering peak corresponding to diamond. Discontinuous diamond films also exhibited Raman bands corresponding to nanocrystalline diamond, diamondlike carbon, graphite, and silicon carbide. The presence of these phases of carbon was further confirmed by high resolution transmission electron microscopy studies. Field emission studies revealed that discontinuous diamond films grown on porous silicon (after diamond powder ultrasonic pretreatment) had the lowest threshold field (5.4 V/μm).
Gambling Strategies and Prize-Pricing Recommendation in Sports Multi-Bets (2021)

A sports multi-bet is a bet on the results of a set of N games. One type of multi-bet offered by the Israeli government is WINNER 16, where participants guess the results of a set of 16 soccer games. The prizes in WINNER 16 are determined by the accumulated profit in previous rounds, and are split among all winning forms. When the reward increases beyond a certain threshold, a profitable strategy can be devised. Here, we present a machine-learning algorithm scheme to play WINNER 16. Our proposed algorithm is marginally profitable on average in a range of hyper-parameters, indicating inefficiencies in this game. To make a better prize-pricing mechanism we suggest a generalization of the single-bet approach. We studied the expected profit and risk of WINNER 16 after applying our suggestion. Our proposal can make the game more fair and more appealing without reducing the profitability.
Expansion study of ADI-PEG 20, pemetrexed and cisplatin in patients with ASS1-deficient malignant pleural mesothelioma (TRAP). (2017)

8553 Background: Argininosuccinate synthetase 1 (ASS1)-deficient malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) cells are sensitive to arginine deprivation with pegylated arginine deiminase (ADI-PEG20), which also potentiates the cytotoxic effect of pemetrexed (PEM). In the phase I dose-escalation TRAP study (NCT02029690) we showed that ADI-PEG20 with first-line PEM and cisplatin (CIS) chemotherapy (ADIPEMCIS) produced a 100% disease control rate (DCR) in patients (pts; n = 9) with ASS1-deficient thoracic cancers, with no additional toxicity (Beddowes et al 2017). Here, we present the TRAP expansion cohort experience in MPM. Methods: Good performance (ECOG 0-1) MPM pts with non-resectable disease and measurable by modified RECIST, were enrolled in a phase I TRAP expansion cohort at the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of ADIPEMCIS, using tumoral ASS1 loss as a selection biomarker. PEM (500mg/m2) and CIS (75mg/m2) were given every 3 weeks with weekly IM ADI-PEG20 (36mg/m2) for a maximum of 6 cycles with maintenance ADI-PEG20 in responding pts. Primary endpoint was tumor response rate (modified RECIST), with secondary endpoints including progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and toxicity. We measured plasma arginine and citrulline concentrations, ADI-PEG20 antibodies, and biopsied patients on progression to explore resistance mechanisms. Results: 31 ASS1-deficient MPM pts (median age 67) were enrolled (11 epithelioid, 10 biphasic and 10 sarcomatoid) out of 92 screened pts. Plasma arginine decreased with a reciprocal increase in plasma citrulline. The partial response rate was 35.5% (95% CI 19.2%-54.6%) with a DCR of 93.5% (95% CI 78.6%-99.2%). Median PFS was 5.6 months (95% CI 4-6) and median OS was 10.1 months (95% CI 6.7-17.7). 10/31 pts (32.3%) experienced grade 3/4 treatment-related toxicities, the most common being neutropenia (16.1%). Upregulation of ASS1 expression was observed in 2/3 biopsies on progression. Conclusions: The ADIPEMCIS regimen is active in ASS1-deficient MPM pts, including non-epithelioid disease. Based on these data the ATOMIC-meso phase 2/3 trial has opened comparing ADIPEMCIS versus PEMCISPlacebo, focusing on pts with non-epithelioid MPM. Clinical trial information: NCT02029690.
Suppressive Effect of Astaxanthin on Lipid Peroxidation Induced in Rats. (1994)

Astaxanthin, one of the naturally occurring derivatives of vitamin A, was found to suppress lipid peroxidation in a rat liver microsomal system. This substance was also found to suppress lipid peroxidation in rats induced by either carbon tetrachloride or 60Co-irradiation. The suppressive effect of astaxanthin on lipid peroxidation was more potent than that of α-tocopherol.
High speed WDM transmission on standard polymer optical fibers (2015)

We have developed WDM multiplexer and demultiplexer in the visible spectral range for POF transmission links and have carried out transmission experiments using different lengths of standard SI-POF. Our 4-channel WDM system with laser diode sources is operated in the violet, blue, green and red spectral range. Using discrete multitone modulation (DMT), we demonstrated a total data rate of 14.77 Gbit/s over 50 m and 8.26 Gbit/s over 100 m of SI-POF.
Synthesis of N-Methoxy-N-methyl-β-enaminoketoesters:  New Synthetic Precursors for the Regioselective Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds (2006)

[Structure: see text] Weinreb amides react with the lithium or sodium acetylide of ethyl propynoate in a hitherto unexplored acyl substitution-conjugate addition sequence to furnish (E)-N-methoxy-N-methyl-beta-enaminoketoesters. This approach provides a diverse entry to densely functionalized heterocyclic compounds, including pyrazoles through regioselective cyclocondensations with hydrazines in a microwave-assisted reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Mechanism of the Benzophenone‐Sensitized Photolysis of 2,3‐ Diazabicyclo(2.2.1)hept‐2‐ene in the Laser Jet: Evidence for Intermolecular Triplet Diradical Reactions. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A General Approach to DNA- Programmable Atom Equivalents* (2020)

Solutions at high salt concentrations are used to crystallize or segregate charged colloids, including proteins and polyelectrolytes via a complex mechanism referred to as “salting-out.” This chapter combines small-angle X-ray scattering, molecular dynamics simulations, and liquid-state theory to show that salting-out is a long-range interaction, which is controlled by electrolyte concentration and colloid charge density. As a model system, it analyzes gold nanoparticles coated with noncomplementary DNA designed to prevent interparticle assembly via Watson-Crick hybridization. The chapter shows that electrolyte-mediated long-range interparticle attractions are possible in bulk solutions in the regime of high ionic strength. It provides evidence that by molecular dynamics simulations and liquid-state theory, the ionic correlations in the concentrated electrolyte induce interparticle long-range attractions and drive the assembly of charged nanoparticles.
A 4–Gb/s clock and data recovery circuit using four–phase 1/8–rate clock (2002)

This paper describes a 4-Gb/s clock and data recovery circuit exploiting a four-phase 1/8-rate clock technique for low-power and high-speed operation. The voltage-controlled oscillator with an active inductor load provides the 50% duty-cycle correction operating at 1/8-rate clock. The four-phase detector performing 1:4 DEMUX accomplishes a linear frequency and phase detection with no systematic phase offset. Test chip was fabricated by a 0.25-m digital CMOS technology. The peak-to-peak jitter of the recovered clock is 47ps for a PRBS of length 2 -1. The power dissipation is 70mW with a 2.5-V supply.
Motion of particles entrained in a plasma jet (1973)

Abstract The motion of small particles (glass microspheres, 30 to 140 microns in diameter) entrained in a free argon plasma jet was studied by means of high‐speed cine streak photography. Radial temperature and velocity profiles as well as axial profiles of temperature, velocity, and argon concentration in the jet were experimentally determined by means of a plasma calorimetric probe. The system was found to be characterized by low relative Reynolds numbers (0.2 to 20) and extremely high deceleration rates (about –2,000 g). Under these conditions, an increase of drag coefficient over that predicted by the standard curve was experimentally observed. This increase was attributed to the nonsteady flow field around the particle (the so‐called “history term” in the equation of motion). A general computer program has been proposed which predicts the particle velocity, acceleration and temperature along its trajectory.
Graphene edge spins: spintronics and magnetism in graphene nanomeshes (2014)

We have fabricated low-defect graphene nanomeshes (GNMs) by using a non-lithographic method and observed large-amplitude ferromagnetism even at room temperature, only when pore edges of the GNMs were hydrogenterminated. The observed correlation between the inter-pore spacing and magnetism and also magnetic force microscope observations suggest that it is attributed to polarzied electron spins localized at the zigzag-type atomic structured pore-edges. The magnetic moment per edge dangling bond ( 0.3 B) is also in quantitative agreement with two theories. Moreover, a spin pumping effect is found for fields applied in parallel with the GNM planes in few-layer ferromagnetic GNMs, while a magnetoresistance (MR) hysteresis loop is observed under perpendicular fields. The present ferromagnetic GNMs must also realize rare-element free, invisible, flexible, and ultra-light (wearable) magnets and spintronic devices, which can overcome environmental and material-resource problems.
Evaluation of in Vitro Incubation Systems for the Study of Gonadotropin Release (1979)

A detailed study was undertaken in order to determine if a pituitary-half incubation system were a suitable model for the study of anterior pituitary response to estradiol and LHRH. Considerable variation in the gonadotropin content of randomized pituitary halves was observed. Much less variation was found in matched halves. During the initial thirty minutes incubation of pituitary halves, a large spontaneous release of gonadotropins was observed. Time course secretion studies indicated that by four hours incubation, in the presence of 50 ng/ml LHRH, cumulative secretion of LH and FSH had far exceeded that of controls. Elevations in both cumulative secretion and rate of secretion were evident within 15-30 minutes of incubation. Regardless of LHRH dose, only 2-4% of either gonadotropin was secreted. Estradiol in the range of 10, 100, 500, 1,000 and 50,000 pg/ml had no significant effect on pituitary response to LHRH or on basal release, tissue levels or total gonadotropin. Based on these results, it was concluded that while the pituitary-half incubation system may be suitable for studying LHRH induced gonadotropin secretion, it is apparently of insufficient sensitivity to allow the collection of meaningful data concerning the effects of estradiol alone on gonadotropin secretion or estradiol modulation of LHRH induced gonadotropin secretion.
Ultra-thin SOI replacement gate CMOS with ALD TaN / high-k gate stack (2005)

We have demonstrated aggressively scaled high performance UTSOI replacement gate CMOS featuring a HfO/sub 2//TaN gate stack which achieves T/sub inv/ of 17.5nm with greater than 100 times reduction in leakage compared to a SiON/poly-Si control sample. The atomic layer deposition process, used for the metal gate electrode material, enables the replacement gate structure to be robust at extremely small dimensions. An offset spacer together with the ultra-thin Si channel is used to demonstrate functional sub-25nm UTSOI replacement gate pFETs with high-k and metal gate for the first time. These results suggest that the replacement gate architecture is a viable option for future high performance CMOS technologies.
Patients with Crohnʼs Disease with High Body Mass Index Present More Frequent and Rapid Loss of Response to Infliximab (2017)

This is the first study to show that optimization of IFX is more frequent and faster in obese and overweight patients with CD and occurs within 12 months after beginning IFX, suggesting that an induction regimen with higher doses of IFX and a tight control of IFX concentrations may be needed in these patients.
The effects of trochlear groove geometry on patellofemoral joint stability-a computer model study (2008)

The effect of the variation in the femoral groove geometry on patellofemoral joint stability was studied using a two-dimensional transverse plane model with deformable articular surfaces. The femoral and patellar bony structures were modelled as rigid bodies with their profiles expressed by splines. The articular cartilage was discretized into compression springs, distributed along the femoral and patellar profiles, based on the rigid-body spring model. The medial and lateral retinacula were modelled as linear tensile springs, and the quadriceps muscles and patellar tendon as strings with known tension. The anatomical data were obtained from the transverse plane magnetic resonance images of a normal knee flexed at 20 degrees and from the literature. A dynamic analysis approach was employed to solve the governing equations of the model, i.e. three static equilibrium equations of the patella and a constraint equation for each cartilage spring, explicitly. The results of the model suggest that alteration of the sulcus angle from 139 degrees to 169 degrees causes a lateral shift and tilt of less than 3 mm and 4 degrees. This effect increased slightly with increasing total quadriceps force, however, to significantly more than 7 mm and 18 degrees respectively when the medial retinaculum was released. It was suggested that this might be the combined effect of the medial retinaculum deficiency and trochlear dysplasia that is responsible for patellar subluxation and, particularly, dislocation disorders.
Engineering de Novo Membrane-Mediated Protein–Protein Communication Networks (2012)

Mechanical properties of biological membranes are known to regulate membrane protein function. Despite this, current models of protein communication typically feature only direct protein-protein or protein-small molecule interactions. Here we show for the first time that, by harnessing nanoscale mechanical energy within biological membranes, it is possible to promote controlled communication between proteins. By coupling lipid-protein modules and matching their response to the mechanical properties of the membrane, we have shown that the action of phospholipase A(2) on acyl-based phospholipids triggers the opening of the mechanosensitive channel, MscL, by generating membrane asymmetry. Our findings confirm that the global physical properties of biological membranes can act as information pathways between proteins, a novel mechanism of membrane-mediated protein-protein communication that has important implications for (i) the underlying structure of signaling pathways, (ii) our understanding of in vivo communication networks, and (iii) the generation of building blocks for artificial protein networks.
Occlusal interference during mastication can cause pathological tooth mobility (2006)

The results of this study imply a relationship between chewing movements and tooth mobility and indicate that functional evaluation of occlusion is necessary for the examination of periodontal tissue. Occlusal evaluation with border and tapping movements might be insufficient, and functional occlusal evaluation during chewing movements can be clinically useful for using to evaluate periodontal tissue.
COX2 in a euryhaline teleost,Fundulus heteroclitus: primary sequence, distribution, localization, and potential function in gills during salinity acclimation (2006)

In the kidneys of mammals, cyclooxygenase type 2 (COX2) is expressed in medullary interstitial cells, the macula densa and epithelial cells of the cortical thick ascending limb where it generates prostaglandins that regulate hormone secretion, inhibit ion transport, and support cell survival during salt loading and dehydration. In teleosts, the gills are in direct contact with an aquatic environment and are the dominant site of osmoregulation. During transfers between salinities, specialized cells in the gills (chloride cells) rapidly regulate NaCl secretion for systemic osmoregulation while they simultaneously are exposed to acute osmotic shock. This study was conducted to determine if COX2 is expressed in the gills, and if so, to evaluate its function in cellular and systemic osmoregulation. Degenerate primers, reverse transcription-PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends were used to deduce the complete cDNA sequence of a putative COX2 enzyme from the gills of the euryhaline killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus). The 2,738 base pair cDNA includes a coding region for a 610 amino acid protein that is over 70% identical to mammalian COX2. A purified antibody generated against a conserved region of mouse COX2 labeled chloride cells, suggesting that the enzyme may control NaCl secretion as an autocrine agent. Real-time PCR was then used to demonstrate that mRNA expression of the COX2 homologue was threefold greater in gills from chronic seawater killifish than in gills from chronic freshwater killifish. Expression of Na(+)/K(+)/2Cl(-) cotransporter and the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator were also greater in seawater, suggesting that chronic COX2 expression in the gills is regulated in parallel to the key ion transporters that mediate NaCl secretion. Real-time PCR was also used to demonstrate that acute transfer from seawater to freshwater and from freshwater to seawater led to rapid, transient inductions of COX2 expression. Together with previous physiological evidence, the present molecular and immunological data suggest that constitutive branchial COX2 expression is enhanced in seawater, where prostaglandins can regulate NaCl secretion in chloride cells. Our data also suggest that branchial COX2 expression may play a role in cell survival during acute osmotic shock.
Partition algorithms for the doubly linked list (1990)

The purpose of this paper is to present partition sort and search algorithms developed by the author for the doubly linked list. First, the binary search concept will be modified to enable its use on a linked list, and the resulting algorithm, (he Blink Search, will be shown to be more than twice as time efficient as the sequential search. The Blink Search will then be used to enhance a standard insertion sort. Upon finding that the improvement still leaves the insertion sort with the unacceptable 0(n^) rating, several linked list partition sorts will be developed. We will see later that the best of these, the Blink Sort, shows very comparable execution lime to the Quicksort on an equivalent array; in fact, the Blink Sort is rated O(nlogn) for random data and 0(n) for reversed order and sorted order lists.
Deposition Mechanisms in Layer-by-Layer or Step-by-Step Deposition Methods: From Elastic and Impermeable Films to Soft Membranes with Ion Exchange Properties (2012)

The modification of solid-liquid interfaces with polyelectrolyte multilayer films appears as a versatile tool to confer new functionalities to surfaces in environmentally friendly conditions. Indeed such films are deposited by alternate dipping of the substrates in aqueous solutions containing the interacting species or spraying these solutions on the surface of the substrate. Spin coating is more and more used to produce similar films. The aim of this short review article is to provide an unifying picture about the deposition mechanisms of polyelectrolyte multilayer films. Often those films are described as growing either in a linear or in a supralinear growth regime with the number of deposited “layer pairs”. The growth regime of PEM films can be controlled by operational parameters like the temperature or the ionic strength of the used solutions. The control over the growth regime of the films as a function of the number of deposition steps allows to control their functional properties: either hard and impermeable films in the case of linear growth or soft and permeable films in the case of supralinear growth. Such different properties can be obtained with a given combination of interacting species by changing the operational parameters during the film deposition.
Photonic Yield (2016)

This glossary of terms covers phenomena considered under the very wide terms photocatalysis and radiation catalysis. A clear distinction is made between phenomena related to either photochemistry and photocatalysis or radiation chemistry and radiation catalysis. The term “radiation” is used here as embracing electromagnetic radiation of all wavelengths, but in general excluding fast-moving particles. Consistent definitions are given of terms in the areas mentioned above, as well as definitions of the most important parameters used for the quantitative description of the phenomena. Terms related to the up-scaling of photocatalytic processes for industrial applications have been included. This Glossary should be used together with the Glossary of terms used in photochemistry, 3rd edition, IUPAC Recommendations 2006: (doi:10.1351/pac200779030293) as well as with the IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the “Gold Book” 2006–; doi:10.1351/goldbook), because many terms used in photocatalysis are defined in these documents.
LA RESPONSABILIDAD CIVIL DEL PROFESORADO NO UNIVERSITARIO (2011)

There is growing concern of the teacher and educational inspection by the legal responsibilities can be purchased in their professional field. In the present article deals with the issue of liability of non-university teaching from a didactic perspective and inclusive, which includes all civil cases in which a teacher may engage in the legitimate exercise of their functions. The intention is to throw a beam of light on the subject, because only through knowledge can the peace and freedom.
Modeling and analysis of a variable bit rate video multiplexer (1992)

The authors develop a new analytic model for a variable bit rate video source, which can model a variety of video applications by a suitable choice of model parameters. Using the model they studied the performance of a video multiplexer that multiplexes several full motion video sources. The video sources were assumed to use a layered coding technique. A service strategy is proposed that guarantees delivery of packets marked essential, whereas nonessential packets may be dropped in the event of congestion. The study showed that with layered coding, good tail probabilities can be obtained for a given number of sources at the expense of some loss for nonessential packets. The performance of the video multiplexer was investigated when the video sources were correlated, and when independent video sources with different thresholds for essential packet rate were multiplexed together.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>