gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Epidemiologic analysis and genotypic characterization of a nosocomial outbreak of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (1993)

We are reporting on a nosocomial outbreak of 213 cases of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus infection involving 2,812 enterococcal isolates from patients over a period of 36 months. In 1990, the Enterococcus faecium vancomycin susceptibility rate was found to be 85.7% (36 of 42 cases), and an incidence of 10.9% (42 of 383) was noted. The 1991 data showed E. faecium with a vancomycin susceptibility rate of 61.8% (110 of 178) and an incidence of 26.0% (178 of 684). Subsequently, in 1992, the incidence of E. faecium increased to 34.0% (599 of 1,745), with a decreased vancomycin susceptibility rate of 25.8% (155 of 599). The E. faecalis vancomycin susceptibility rate remained near 97% (1,768 of 1,823) over the 36-month period. Of 115 vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE) clinical isolates identified by the MicroScan MIC Combo-6 panels (Baxter Healthcare, Sacramento, Calif.), the agar dilution method indicated the resistance rate to be 92.3% (106 of 115) (high level), 3.5% (4 of 115) midlevel, and 3.5% (4 of 115) (low level). Genotypic characterization of 32 different VRE isolates by field-inversion gel electrophoresis demonstrated 19 dissimilar restriction endonuclease patterns, with 9 patterns associated with VRE quinolone resistance. Statistical analysis of case-control data for 32 patients with VRE infections indicated a positive association with intrabdominal surgical procedures (odds ratio, 24.12), multidrug therapy (odds ratio, 37.80), preexposure to vancomycin (odds ratio, 20.21), and death (odds ratio, 17.50).
Experimental Study of Dynamic Data Traffic Control for the Cooperating System of Smart Personal Mobility and Indoor Intelligent Infrastructure (2021)

This paper introduces a cooperating system of smart personal mobility (SPM) and indoor intelligent infrastructure to remotely monitor SPM and identify indoor conditions for safe indoor automatic mobility. We also introduce dynamic data traffic control, which is a method of changing the camera image resolution on the SPM movement, to manage wireless data traffic with remote monitoring using multiple infrastructures. This paper shows an experimental study of dynamic data traffic control and provides sufficient quality of service for remote monitoring under the limited radio resources.
A randomized, double-blind, phase II study of first-line FOLFOX plus bevacizumab with onartuzumab versus placebo in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). (2015)

663 Background: In mCRC, MET overexpression has been associated with poor prognosis and resistance to anti-VEGF therapy. We initiated a phase II study to evaluate the combination of onartuzumab (O), a ligand-blocking monoclonal antibody directed against the MET receptor, plus bevacizumab and FOLFOX, in first-line mCRC (GO27827; NCT01418222). Methods: This double-blind, randomized, multicenter phase II study randomized patients 1:1 to receive O (10 mg/kg iv) or placebo (P), plus mFOLFOX6 and bevacizumab (5 mg/kg iv). Stratification was by prior adjuvant therapy. All treatments were given on day 1–3 of a 2-week cycle. Oxaliplatin was given for up to 8–12 cycles; all other agents were continued until progression, unacceptable toxicity or death. Primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) in ITT and MET+ subgroup by immunohistochemistry (IHC). MET status was determined by central laboratory IHC evaluation, with scores of 2+ or 3+ considered MET+. Results: From September 2011 to November 2012, 194 patients were enrolled. A recommendation was made to stop O after an interim efficacy and safety analysis in September 2013, due to lack of efficacy. The final analysis (cut-off Feb 2014) found that O did not improve PFS vs. P in the ITT (HR 0.75 [0.52–1.08]; p=0.12) or MET IHC+ populations (n=79; HR 1.03 [0.56–1.89]; p=0.93), although improvement was noted in the MET IHC− population (n=108; HR 0.60 [0.37–0.97]; p=0.03). Neither overall survival (OS) nor response rate (RR) was improved with O vs. P in any of the groups (OS HR 0.96 [0.61–1.50], p=0.85 for ITT; OS HR 1.24 [0.63–2.43], p=0.54 for MET IHC+; OS HR 0.83 [0.44–1.56], p=0.56 for MET IHC−; RR 57.3% vs. 57.7% for ITT, 43.2% vs. 57.1% for MET IHC+, 66.1% vs. 60.8% for MET IHC−). More edema (65.7% vs. 12.9%) and venous thromboembolic events (30.3% vs. 16.1%) were seen with O vs. P, respectively. Grade ≥3 events were similar (86.9% vs. 84.9%) and events leading to discontinuation were increased (48.5% vs. 37.6%) with O vs. P. Conclusions: Adding onartuzumab to FOLFOX/bevacizumab did not prolong PFS in first-line unselected or MET IHC+ mCRC. A trend towards PFS benefit was seen in those with MET IHC− mCRC, contrary to prior reports in other tumor types. Clinical trial information: NCT01418222.
Computer‐Aided Molecular Design of Environmentally Friendly Solvents for Separation Processes (2008)

Abstract This review paper presents an optimization technology for the computer‐aided molecular design of environmentally friendly solvents. The approach combines a stochastic optimization method and group contribution methods (GC‐methods) to design solvents with desirable physicochemical and environmental properties. A simulated annealing algorithm is used to investigate feasible molecular structures. The main objective method is adopted to balance the multi‐objective functions. One property is chosen as the main objective function, while the other properties are considered as constraints, and thus, the multi‐objective problem is transformed into a single objective one. The optimal solution is a set of molecules satisfying the formulated target. The properties of each molecule are evaluated through GC‐methods, including pure component properties, mixture properties and environmentally properties. Finally, the proposed methodology is illustrated with several examples of industrial separations.
Cardiovascular risk of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in dialysis patients: a nationwide population-based study (2019)

Clinicians should be particularly cautious when prescribing NSAIDs to dialysis patients considering the associations of NSAIDs with cardiovascular outcomes and mortality, which might occur independent of the dose and duration of exposure.
Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics (2017)

Covers significant developments in the field of genomics as they apply to human genetics and the human genome. We have particular interest in the areas of genomic technology, genome structure and function, genetic modification, human variation and population genetics, human evolution and, importantly, all aspects of human genetic disease and including individualized medicine.
Performance Assessment of Fuzzy Logic Power System Stabilizer on North Benghazi Power Plant (2013)

Fuzzy logic design has been implemented online to tune the power system stabilizer gain (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>K</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>PSS</mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>). To assess the performance of the proposed technique, Benghazi North Power Plant (BNPP), at eastern Libyan network, has been utilized as a power system stabilizer (PSS) benchmark. The design considers different operating conditions and large disturbance. A selection of fuzzy rules is derived by means of system output power to tune <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>K</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>PSS</mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>, whereas Particle Swarm Optimization technique (PSO) is exploited to calculate the PSS parameters offline according to real-time measurements of the considered plant. Several simulation scenarios have been conducted to show the effectiveness of the proposed PSS in damping of local and interarea modes of oscillation of one-machine infinite-bus system. The study also contains comparison between the proposed technique and conventional PSS (CPSS).
Recurrent Neural Networks for Emotion Recognition in Video (2015)

Deep learning based approaches to facial analysis and video analysis have recently demonstrated high performance on a variety of key tasks such as face recognition, emotion recognition and activity recognition. In the case of video, information often must be aggregated across a variable length sequence of frames to produce a classification result. Prior work using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for emotion recognition in video has relied on temporal averaging and pooling operations reminiscent of widely used approaches for the spatial aggregation of information. Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) have seen an explosion of recent interest as they yield state-of-the-art performance on a variety of sequence analysis tasks. RNNs provide an attractive framework for propagating information over a sequence using a continuous valued hidden layer representation. In this work we present a complete system for the 2015 Emotion Recognition in the Wild (EmotiW) Challenge. We focus our presentation and experimental analysis on a hybrid CNN-RNN architecture for facial expression analysis that can outperform a previously applied CNN approach using temporal averaging for aggregation.
Archaeal Tuc1/Ncs6 Homolog Required for Wobble Uridine tRNA Thiolation Is Associated with Ubiquitin-Proteasome, Translation, and RNA Processing System Homologs (2014)

While cytoplasmic tRNA 2-thiolation protein 1 (Tuc1/Ncs6) and ubiquitin-related modifier-1 (Urm1) are important in the 2-thiolation of 5-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2-thiouridine (mcm5s2U) at wobble uridines of tRNAs in eukaryotes, the biocatalytic roles and properties of Ncs6/Tuc1 and its homologs are poorly understood. Here we present the first report of an Ncs6 homolog of archaea (NcsA of Haloferax volcanii) that is essential for maintaining cellular pools of thiolated tRNA(Lys)UUU and for growth at high temperature. When purified from Hfx. volcanii, NcsA was found to be modified at Lys204 by isopeptide linkage to polymeric chains of the ubiquitin-fold protein SAMP2. The ubiquitin-activating E1 enzyme homolog of archaea (UbaA) was required for this covalent modification. Non-covalent protein partners that specifically associated with NcsA were also identified including UbaA, SAMP2, proteasome activating nucleotidase (PAN)-A/1, translation elongation factor aEF-1α and a β-CASP ribonuclease homolog of the archaeal cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor 1 family (aCPSF1). Together, our study reveals that NcsA is essential for growth at high temperature, required for formation of thiolated tRNA(Lys)UUU and intimately linked to homologs of ubiquitin-proteasome, translation and RNA processing systems.
THE CARDIAC ION CHANNELS: Relevance to Management of Arrhythmias (1996)

The electrical activity of cardiac tissue is determined by the highly regulated flow of ions across the cell membrane during the cardiac action potential. Ion channels are pore-forming proteins through which these electric currents flow. In this review, the ion currents that underlie the action potential are first described. Then, the way in which expression of individual ion-channel genes results in such ion currents is discussed. Finally, the concept that arrhythmias may be due to abnormalities of structure, function, or number of ion channels, or the way in which they respond to abnormalities in their environment (such as acute ischemia), is reviewed. Further understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying normal and abnormal cardiac electrophysiologic behavior should allow the development of safer and more effective antiarrhythmic interventions.
Surface photovoltage spectroscopy of thin films (1996)

The surface photovoltage (SPV) spectrum due to subband-gap illumination of thin films is theoretically studied. It is shown that this SPV is inherently sensitive to buried interfaces just as it is sensitive to the external semiconductor surface. The different contributions to the SPV from all the optically active gap states present within a sample, consisting of a bulk substrate covered by a thin film, are analyzed. Analytical expressions are obtained in the low illumination intensity and the depletion approximation regime. The evolution of the SPV spectrum with film thickness is examined and is found to depend on both site and population of the gap states. Three modes of evolution are found, according to the relative importance of gap state population changes with film thickness. These modes are confirmed by a numerical simulation of a thin film of pseudomorphic InAlAs on InP substrates and by experiments conducted on the same system. The approach is also applied to the InP/In2O3 system, revealing gap state formation, followed by filling with electrons, thereby explaining previous observations of nearly ideal I–V behavior at this junction.
Titelbild: Structures of Iridoid Synthase from Cantharanthus roseus with Bound NAD+, NADPH, or NAD+/10‐Oxogeranial: Reaction Mechanisms (Angew. Chem. 51/2015) (2015)

Die unkonventionelle Terpensynthase Iridoid-Synthase (IRIS) produziert Nepetalactol, eine Vorstufe für Wirkstoffe wie Vincristin. In ihrer Zuschrift auf S. 15698 ff. präsentieren E. Oldfield, R.-T. Guo et al. die Strukturen von IRIS aus Cantharanthus roseus im Komplex mit NADP und dem Substrat 10-Oxogeranial. Die Strukturen zeigen, wie Nepetalactol und das Beiprodukt Oxo-Citronellal gebildet werden, und geben einen Einblick in die Biosynthese von Iridoiden und kardialen Glycosiden. Die unkonventionelle Terpensynthase Iridoid-Synthase (IRIS) produziert Nepetalactol, eine Vorstufe für Wirkstoffe wie Vincristin. In ihrer Zuschrift auf S. 15698 ff. präsentieren E. Oldfield, R.-T. Guo et al. die Strukturen von IRIS aus Cantharanthus roseus im Komplex mit NADP und dem Substrat 10-Oxogeranial. Die Strukturen zeigen, wie Nepetalactol und das Beiprodukt Oxo-Citronellal gebildet werden, und geben einen Einblick in die Biosynthese von Iridoiden und kardialen Glycosiden. Winkelunabhängige Strukturfarbe NMR-Spektroskopie Polyoxometallate
New perspectives on the actions of sulphonylureas and hyperglycaemic sulphonamides on the pancreatic beta-cell. (1995)

Sulphonylureas and the hyperglycaemic sulphonamide diazoxide are commonly employed in the therapy of non-insulin-dependent (Type 2) diabetes mellitus and insulinoma, respectively. Stimulatory effects of sulphonylureas on insulin secretion and the inhibitory action of diazoxide are thought to be primarily mediated through modulation of the activity of ATP-sensitive K+ channels (K(+)-ATP channels) in the beta-cell plasma membrane. Certain sulphonylureas are known to be internalised by the pancreatic B-cell. Recent studies suggest that these drugs and diazoxide can influence insulin secretion from electropermeabilized beta-cells in which K(+)-ATP channels and other plasma membrane ion channels are inoperative. This observation suggests that sulphonylureas and diazoxide interact with intracellular sites in the pancreatic B-cell which are directly involved in the regulation of the final stages of exocytosis.
RETRACTED: Effect of Nitroglycerin Ointment on Bone Density and Strength in Postmenopausal Women (2011)

isrctn.org Identifier: ISRCTN94484747.
Right-side shift of metachronous colorectal adenomas after polypectomy (2007)

Although there may be individual predilection for right-side or left-side location of colorectal adenomas, aging tends to increase the number of adenomas in the right-side colon, while only modestly affecting those in the left-side colon.
Structural Basis of Transcription Initiation: An RNA Polymerase Holoenzyme-DNA Complex (2002)

The crystal structure of Thermus aquaticus RNA polymerase holoenzyme (alpha2betabeta'omegasigmaA) complexed with a fork-junction promoter DNA fragment has been determined by fitting high-resolution x-ray structures of individual components into a 6.5-angstrom resolution map. The DNA lies across one face of the holoenzyme, completely outside the RNA polymerase active site channel. All sequence-specific contacts with core promoter elements are mediated by the sigma subunit. A universally conserved tryptophan is ideally positioned to stack on the exposed face of the base pair at the upstream edge of the transcription bubble. Universally conserved basic residues of the sigma subunit provide critical contacts with the DNA phosphate backbone and play a role in directing the melted DNA template strand into the RNA polymerase active site. The structure explains how holoenzyme recognizes promoters containing variably spaced -10 and -35 elements and provides the basis for models of the closed and open promoter complexes.
ChemInform Abstract: Sulfonated N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes for Pd‐Catalyzed Sonogashira and Suzuki—Miyaura Coupling in Aqueous Solvents. (2010)

Abstract Water‐soluble palladium catalyst complexes are successfully applied in the copper‐free Sonogashira coupling reaction and Suzuki—Miyaura coupling in alcohol/water mixtures.
Correlation between exhaled nitric oxide, sputum eosinophils, and methacholine responsiveness in patients with mild asthma. (1998)

The correlation between exhaled NO and PC20 suggests that exhaled NO or the mechanisms leading to its increase may contribute to airway hyperresponsiveness in asthma. Furthermore, the relationship between sputum eosinophils (%), exhaled NO, and PC20 highlight the potential use of eosinophils (%) in induced sputum and exhaled NO to monitor the severity of asthma.
Medical Uses for Polyelectrolyte Complexes (1970)

Abstract Polyelectrolyte complexes (PEC) are ionically bonded hydrogels. The resin is synthesized by coreacting linear, water-soluble ionic polymers of opposite electrical charge under carefully controlled conditions. The resulting material is insoluble in water, electrolytes, organic, or common solvents, but soluble in special ternary solvents. Optically clear membranes or shaped articles can be prepared by employing simple solvent casting and drying techniques upon resin dissolution. The equilibrium gel water content of typical, homogeneous complexes can be made to range from 30 to 90% by weight by changing the initial polyanion to polycation ratio. For almost any given charge ratio the water content can be varied from 30 to 90% by initial adjustment of the solvent composition. As the gel water content of a membrane is raised the dialytic, oxygen, and water transport increase. High water content membranes with and without glass reinforcement were shown to be extremely permeable materials. Because these hydrated complexes appeared to be chemically inert and could be tailored to be rich in either polyanion or polycation charged groups, their biocompatability was studied. Extraction, toxicity, tissue compatability, carcinogenicity, and blood contact studies on various polyelectrolyte complexes were carried out.
Weld overlay coatings for erosion control. Task A: Literature review, progress report (1993)

A literature review was made. In spite of similarities between abrasive wear and solid particle erosion, weld overlay hardfacing alloys that exhibit high abrasion resistance may not necessarily have good erosion resistance. The performance of weld overlay hardfacing alloys in erosive environments has not been studied in detail. It is believed that primary-solidified hard phases such as carbides and intermetallic compounds have a strong influence on erosion resistance of weld overlay hardfacing alloys. However, relationships between size, shape, and volume fraction of hard phases in a hardfacing alloys and erosion resistance were not established. Almost all hardfacing alloys can be separated into two major groups based upon chemical compositions of the primary solidified hard phases: (a) carbide hardening alloys (Co-base/carbide, WC-Co and some Fe base superalloys); and (b) intermetallic hardening alloys (Ni-base alloys, austenitic steels, iron-aluminides).
Experimental study of high frame rate imaging with limited diffraction beams (1998)

Limited diffraction beams have a large depth of field and have many potential applications. Recently, a new method (Fourier method) was developed with limited diffraction beams for image construction. With the method and a single plane wave transmission, both 2D (two-dimensional) and 3D (three-dimensional) images of a very high frame rate (up to 3750 frames/s for a depth of 200 mm in biological soft tissues) and a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) can be constructed with relatively simple and inexpensive hardware. If limited diffraction beams of different parameters are used in both transmission and reception and transducer aperture is shaded with a cosine function, high-resolution and low-sidelobe images can be constructed with the new method without montage of multiple frames of images [the image quality is comparable to that obtained with a transmit-receive (two-way) dynamically focused imaging system]. In this paper, the Fourier method was studied with both experiment and computer simulation for 2D B-mode imaging. In the experiment, two commercial broadband 1D array transducers (48 and 64 elements) of different aperture sizes (18.288 and 38.4 mm) and center frequencies (2.25 and 2.5 MHz) were used to construct images of different viewing sizes. An ATS539 tissue-equivalent phantom of an average frequency-dependent attenuation of 0.5 dB/MHz/cm was used as a test object. To obtain high frame rate images, a single plane wave pulse (broadband) was transmitted with the arrays. Echoes received with the arrays were processed with both the Fourier and conventional dynamic focusing (delay-and-sum) methods to construct 2D B-mode images. Results show that the quality (resolution and contrast) of constructed images is virtually identical for both methods, except that the Fourier method is simpler to implement. Both methods have also a similar sensitivity to phase aberration distortions. Excellent agreement among theory, simulation, and experiment was obtained.
Influence of process conditions on the local atomic structure of amorphous Al2O3 deposited by atomic layer deposition (2020)

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is widely used to deposit thin film coatings for energy storage, catalysis, semiconductor, and other applications. ALD of aluminum oxide (Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) using trimethylaluminum and water is often selected when attempting to apply ALD in a new area. ALD of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> is a robust and well-studied chemistry that provides
Structure and electronic properties of polythiophene and poly(3‐alkylthiophene) films electropolymerized on indium tin oxide (ITO) glass at elevated potentials (1993)

Abstract Homogeneous and flexible films of polythiophene are known to be difficult to obtain electrochemically on indium tin oxide (ITO) glass electrodes using normal 1,6–1,7 V applied voltage. The situation is greatly improved by using higher voltage. 0,1–10 μm thick films of polythiophene (PT) and various poly(3‐alkylthiophene)s (P3AT's) (alkyl = methyl (P3MT), hexyl (P3HT) and octyl (P3OT)) were electropolymerized on ITO‐covered glass anodes under an applied voltage of 8 V vs. an Ag/AgCl reference electrode. In this paper we report upon the properties of these films compared to their chemically and at low‐voltage electrochemically polymerized equivalents. Generally, the films have all the properties known for PT and P3AT's. Characteristics such as thermo‐ and solvatochromism, conductivity and electronic band structure as studied by ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy and optical absorption were comparable to the properties shown by the reference samples. However, the structure of high‐voltage films differs considerably from those reported for chemically polymerized samples. The high‐voltage films contain a higher amorphous fraction, and the polymer is more cross‐linked and branched.