gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Methods of synthesis of Y3Al5O12 (YAG) - A review (2007)

Y2O3 and Al2O3 form three distinct phases of which YAG of empirical formula Y3Al5O2 is the most important as an industrial material. There are many different methods of synthesizing the material and extensive literature is available in the form of published documents such as paper and patents related to this. In the present article, an alternative is made to summarize different methods of synthesis of the material YAG as described in,such documents. Relevant discussion is also included with respect to crystal structure of different phases and phase diagram in Y2O3-Al2O3 system.
Somatostatin Content Increases Following Norepinephrine Depletion in Frontal Cortex of l‐Methyl‐4‐Phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐Tetrahydropyridine‐Treated Mice (1992)

The effects of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) on somatostatin (SS)-containing neurons were examined by measuring dopamine, norepinephrine (NE), SS, and SS mRNA in striatum and frontal cortex of C57/B16 mice at various times following treatment with MPTP-HCl (96 mg/kg i.p.). MPTP caused a 70% depletion of dopamine in striatum by 1 day and a 40% depletion of NE in frontal cortex within 3 days. SS content was increased in frontal cortex 4 days later, but not in striatum; there were no changes in SS mRNA. Maprotiline, a specific NE-uptake blocker, prevented both the depletion of NE and the increase of SS in frontal cortex due to MPTP administration. These results support the possibility that NE can regulate SS in frontal cortex and are discussed in terms of the decrease of SS seen in parkinsonian patients with dementia.
A Gene Signature Predicting Natural Killer Cell Infiltration and Improved Survival in Melanoma Patients (2019)

Natural killer (NK) cell activity is essential for initiating antitumor responses and may be linked to immunotherapy success. NK cells and other innate immune components could be exploitable for cancer treatment, which drives the need for tools and methods that identify therapeutic avenues. Here, we extend our gene-set scoring method <i>singscore</i> to investigate NK cell infiltration by applying RNA-seq analysis to samples from bulk tumors. Computational methods have been developed for the deconvolution of immune cell types within solid tumors. We have taken the NK cell gene signatures from several such tools, then curated the gene list using a comparative analysis of tumors and immune cell types. Using a gene-set scoring method to investigate RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we show that patients with metastatic cutaneous melanoma have an improved survival rate if their tumor shows evidence of NK cell infiltration. Furthermore, these survival effects are enhanced in tumors that show higher expression of genes that encode NK cell stimuli such as the cytokine <i>IL15</i> Using this signature, we then examine transcriptomic data to identify tumor and stromal components that may influence the penetrance of NK cells into solid tumors. Our results provide evidence that NK cells play a role in the regulation of human tumors and highlight potential survival effects associated with increased NK cell activity. Our computational analysis identifies putative gene targets that may be of therapeutic value for boosting NK cell antitumor immunity.
Stealth and Rootkits (2020)

When malware executes, it makes several changes to the system, including creating new files, processes, registry keys, services, injecting code, and DLLs into other processes, initiating network connections, and so forth. They are called malware artifacts and indicators of compromise. There are chances that a victim of the malware infection might identify any of these malware artifacts like malicious files while browsing through the system or may observe a suspicious malware process while looking into the Task Manager.
In vitro Characterization of Immunological Responsiveness of Uremic Patients (1980)

Uremic patients are thought to have deficient immune reactivity. The mechanisms for immunosuppression are not known. We have studied various in vitro immune response parameters in lymphocytes from uremic patients and from healthy controls. Using polyclonal activating substances, it was found that PHA and LPS responses were reduced in cells from the patient group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, MLC responsiveness using pooled stimulator cells and polyclonal antibody secretion induced by Staphylococcus aureus bacteria in vitro were reduced in the patients (p < 0.05). No differences with regard to proportions of T/B cells in blood were noted between the two groups. No correlation was found between responses of individual cells to different activating substances, with the exception of PHA and ConA. However, low responses to PHA were usually accompanied by a general low responsiveness. Patients were further subdivided into groups according to the type of dialysis treatment, peritoneal dialysis (PD) or hemodialysis (HD), and to the duration of the hemodialysis period (< and > 1 year). Patients treated with PD showed impaired T cell reactivity with loer PHA responses compared to the HD patients (p < 0.05). Between the HD groups there were no significant differences in mitogen or MLC responses. We believe that the differences between PD and HD were due to the facts that the PD patients were older and not in the same nutritional state as the HD patients.
Characterization of acute hearing changes in United States military populations (2019)

Until recently, most hearing conservation programs, including those in the military, have used permanent shifts in the pure-tone audiometric threshold as the gold standard for measuring hearing impairment in noise-exposed populations. However, recent results from animal studies suggest that high-level noise exposures can cause the permanent destruction of synapses between the inner hair cells and auditory nerve fibers, even in cases where pure-tone audiometric thresholds eventually return to their normal pre-exposure baselines. This has created a dilemma for researchers, who are now increasingly interested in studying the long-term effects that temporary hearing shifts might have on hearing function, but are also concerned about the ethical considerations of exposing human listeners to high levels of noise for research purposes. One method that remains viable to study the effects of high noise exposures on human listeners, or to evaluate the efficacy of interventions designed to prevent noise-related inner ear damage, is to identify individuals in occupations with unavoidable noise exposures and measure hearing before and as soon as possible after exposure. This paper discusses some of the important factors to be considered in studies that attempt to measure acute hearing changes in noise-exposed military populations.
The effect (or lack of it) of an ultrashort pulse&#x2019;s spatial profile on the single-shot measurement of its temporal profile (2008)

A non-uniform spatial profile could distort single-shot pulse measurements. But, surprisingly, we show that these effects are significantly reduced by several fortuitous aspects of the GRENOUILLE technique and so usually have little effect in practice.
Correlations Between Cardiorespiratory Measures in Normal Infants and Victims of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (1990)

Coordination between physiological measures (i.e., the tendency for measures to co-vary with each other) develops with maturation in the infant. We hypothesized that correlations between cardiorespiratory measures would increase with maturation in normal infants and that infants destined to die of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) would show lower correlations than those of age-matched controls. Twenty-two recordings of electrocardiogram and respiratory movements were obtained from infants who subsequently succumbed to SIDS and compared with 66 recordings from control infants. Each 1-min epoch of data was sleep-state classified. Median heart and respiratory rate, respiratory variability, and median extent of three types of heart rate variation were determined for each epoch, and the minute-by-minute correlations between seven pairs of parameters were determined for quiet sleep, rapid eye movement sleep, and waking in each recording. Most cardiorespiratory measures showed correlations that increased with age; the correlation coefficients for these measures tended to be lower in SIDS victims than in controls prior to 2 weeks of age. The correlations between heart rate and heart rate variability became lower with maturation; correlations between these measures tended to be higher in the SIDS victims. In all analyses showing significant maturational trends, the SIDS victims showed "less mature" correlations than those of the controls.
Direct calculation of the attempt frequency of magnetic structures using the finite element method (2010)

A numerical implementation of the transition state theory (TST) is presented which can be used to calculate the attempt frequency $f_{0}$ of arbitrary shaped magnetic nanostructures. The micromagnetic equations are discretized using the finite element method. The climbing image nudged elastic band method is used to calculate the saddle point configuration, which is required for the calculation of $f_{0}$. Excellent agreement of the implemented numerical model and analytical solutions is obtained for single domain particles. The developed method is applied to compare $f_{0}$ for single phase and graded media grains of advanced recording media. $f_{0}$ is predicted to be comparable if the maximum anisotropy is the same in these two media types.
Observation of a three-dimensional quasi-long-range electronic supermodulation in YBa2Cu3O7−x/La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 heterostructures (2016)

Recent developments in high-temperature superconductivity highlight a generic tendency of the cuprates to develop competing electronic (charge) supermodulations. While coupled with the lattice and showing different characteristics in different materials, these supermodulations themselves are generally conceived to be quasi-two-dimensional, residing mainly in individual CuO2 planes, and poorly correlated along the c axis. Here we observed with resonant elastic X-ray scattering a distinct type of electronic supermodulation in YBa2Cu3O(7-x) (YBCO) thin films grown epitaxially on La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 (LCMO). This supermodulation has a periodicity nearly commensurate with four lattice constants in-plane, eight out of plane, with long correlation lengths in three dimensions. It sets in far above the superconducting transition temperature and competes with superconductivity below this temperature for electronic states predominantly in the CuO2 plane. Our finding sheds light on the nature of charge ordering in cuprates as well as a reported long-range proximity effect between superconductivity and ferromagnetism in YBCO/LCMO heterostructures.
Alteration of skin mechanics by thin polymer films (2008)

Background/purpose: High molecular weight polymers such as proteins and polysaccharides have been commonly employed in cosmetic practice to induce skin tightness. The effect is perceived by users as an increase in skin tightness (firmness) accompanied by skin smoothing and elimination of wrinkles and lines. The aim of the study was to assess whether high molecular weight synthetic polymers, in the form of simple skin treatment formulations, could modify mechanical properties of natural skin as well as artificial skin models. Methods: In experiments involving natural skin, the formulations were employed to treat the inner forearm of five panelists, who ranged in age from mid‐20s to mid‐40s. Indentometric analysis also included rubber skin models, with various viscoelastic characteristics, modified by deposition of thin polymer films on the surface. Polymers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyquaternium‐55, polyimide‐1, VP/acrylates/lauryl methacrylate copolymer, and sodium alginate were investigated. The effects of the products were quantified by mechanical skin indentation performed at small deformations. Data analysis was performed using the Hertz theory of contact mechanics, which included the calculation of fundamental parameters such as the modulus of elasticity. Results: The indentometric analysis revealed an increase in the Young's modulae for both artificial and natural skin as a result of treatment with the polymers. The effect was dependent on the amount of deposited product, which was varied in the range from 0.053 to 1.06 mg/cm 2 of polymer. The observed increases in Young's modulae were typically from about 0.7 to 1.4 × 10 4 N/m 2 for untreated skin to 1.4–2.0 × 10 4 N/m 2 for polymer‐modified skin, depending on the polymer structure (molecular weight) and the amount of deposition. By the analysis of artificial skin models, it was found that the magnitude of stiffening depends on the mechanical characteristics of the base material. Softer skin models displayed larger increases in Young's modulus after polymer treatment than stiffer skin models. Also, the analysis of skin models suggested that polymeric treatments can lower the viscoelasticity of skin as demonstrated by decreased values of hysteresis loss factors calculated from indentation force vs. penetration depth plots. The performance of the polymers was also shown to be dependent on ambient humidity with the most hygroscopic materials loosing their stiffening effect at high humidity. Conclusions: The data indicate that high molecular weight polymers can be useful as skin stiffening, firming, or tightening agents. This was demonstrated by indentometric, mechanical analysis of natural skin and artificial skin models, and by determining Young's modulae and viscoelastic parameters.
Modeling Emotional State and Personality for Conversational Agents (1998)

We describe an architecture for constructing a character-based agent based on speech and graphical interactions. The architecture uses models of emotions and personality encoded as Bayesian networks to 1) diagnose the emotions and personality of the user, and 2) generate appropriate behavior by an automated agent in response to the user’s input. Classes of interaction that are interpreted and/or generated include such things as ¯ Word choice and syntactic framing of utterances, ¯ Speech pace, rhythm, and pitch contour, and ¯ Gesture, expression, and body language. In particular, we describe the structure of the Bayesian networks that form the basis for the interpretation and generation. We discuss the effects of alternative formulations on assessment and inference. 1
TIGIT limits immune pathology during viral infections (2020)

Co-inhibitory pathways have a fundamental function in regulating T cell responses and control the balance between promoting efficient effector functions and restricting immune pathology. The TIGIT pathway has been implicated in promoting T cell dysfunction in chronic viral infection. Importantly, TIGIT signaling is functionally linked to IL-10 expression, which has an effect on both virus control and maintenance of tissue homeostasis. However, whether TIGIT has a function in viral persistence or limiting tissue pathology is unclear. Here we report that TIGIT modulation effectively alters the phenotype and cytokine profile of T cells during influenza and chronic LCMV infection, but does not affect virus control in vivo. Instead, TIGIT has an important effect in limiting immune pathology in peripheral organs by inducing IL-10. Our data therefore identify a function of TIGIT in limiting immune pathology that is independent of viral clearance.
Clinical and Structural Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine and the Herbal Preparation, Iberogast, in a Rat Model of Ulcerative Colitis (2013)

Plant-sourced formulations such as Iberogast and the traditional Chinese medicine formulation, Cmed, purportedly possess anti-inflammatory and radical scavenging properties. We investigated Iberogast and Cmed, independently, for their potential to decrease the severity of the large bowel inflammatory disorder, ulcerative colitis. Sprague Dawley rats (n = 8/group) received daily 1 mL gavages (days 0-13) of water, Iberogast (100 μL/200 μL), or Cmed (10 mg/20 mg). Rats ingested 2% dextran sulfate sodium or water ad libitum for 7 days commencing on day 5. Dextran sulfate sodium administration increased disease activity index scores from days 6 to 12, compared with water controls (P < .05). On day 10, 200 μL Iberogast decreased disease activity index scores in colitic rats compared with colitic controls (P < .05). Neither Iberogast nor Cmed achieved statistical significance for daily metabolic parameters or colonic crypt depth. The therapeutic effects of Iberogast and Cmed were minimal in the colitis setting. Further studies of plant extracts are required investigating greater concentrations and alternative delivery systems.
Irradiation of DNA loaded with platinum containing molecules by fast atomic ions C6+and Fe26+ (2007)

These findings show that more DNA breaks are induced by atomic ions when platinum is present. This effect increases for low LET heavy atoms. As DSB induction may induce cell death, these results could open new perspectives with the association of hadrontherapy and chemotherapy. Thus the therapeutic index might be improved by loading the tumour with platinum salts.
Seed-and-vote based in-memory accelerator for DNA read mapping (2020)

Genome analysis is becoming more important in the fields of forensic science, medicine, and history. Sequencing technologies such as High Throughput Sequencing (HTS) and Third Generation Sequencing (TGS) have greatly accelerated genome sequencing. However, genome read mapping remains significantly slower than sequencing. Because of the enormous amount of data needed, the speed of the data transfer between the memory and the processing unit limits the execution speed. In-memory computing can help address the memory-bandwidth bottleneck by minimizing data transfers. Ternary Content Addressable Memories (TCAMs) have been used in accelerators because of their fast searching capability for seed-and-extend, a popular read mapping approach. Seed-and-vote, another read mapping approach, is faster than the seed-and-extend approach but has lower accuracies when used with very short reads. Since sequencing technology is moving to longer reads, the seed-and-vote approach is becoming more viable. We propose a genome read mapping accelerator that uses approximate TCAM to execute the Fast Seed and Vote algorithm (FSVA) that can map both short and long reads. We achieved 400X acceleration compared to the seed-and-extend approach BWA-MEM on a CPU and 115X acceleration at 30X energy improvement compared to state-of-the-art in-memory accelerator using the seed-and-extend approach at 98.75% accuracy for 100bp reads.
Introduction to the Special Issue on the 2011 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (2011)

This special issue covers the ISSCC conference held in San Francisco, CA, February 20-24, 2011.
Understanding the Binding Mechanism of Various Chiral SWCNTs and ssDNA: A Computational Study (2012)

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have been carried out to understand the binding mechanism of various chiral single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) of four different nucleobase sequences (i.e., ssdA(14), ssdT(14), ssdG(14), and ssdC(14), where, A, T, G, and C are adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine, respectively) in aqueous media at room temperature (300 K) and atmospheric pressure (1 atm). The simulations studies reveal that ssDNA undergoes rapid structural changes and wrap around the SWCNTs via π-stacking interactions between SWCNT's wall and the nucleobases of ssDNA. Our computations demonstrate that the length of the ssDNA plays an important role during the wrapping process. Moreover, it suggests that the length of the sequence should be proportional to the diameter of the SWCNT, in order to overcome the intralocked π-stacking interactions between the nucleobases of ssDNA sequence. Also, in our classical MD simulation, we do not observe the correlation between the diameter of SWCNTs and the sequences of ssDNA, which indicates the importance of electronic factors of these systems. In order to understand the electronic contributions of these systems, the quantum calculations have been performed at Hartree-Fock level for the 17 ns MD simulated structures. The quantum chemical calculations provide evidence that the highly stable ssDNA@SWCNT hybrid possesses a larger HOMO-LUMO gap.
Indinavir Crystallization Around the Loop of Henle: Experimental Evidence (2001)

IDV crystallization is most likely in the loop of Henle and may already start at plasma IDV concentrations as low as 8 mg/L. Increasing hydration does not reduce the risk of IDV crystallization in the loop of Henle but instead prevents IDV crystallization and aggregation in the lower urinary tract. It remains to be confirmed whether prevention of high IDV plasma concentrations will reduce the risk of IDV crystallization in the loop of Henle.
Supplementary Movie 6 from Ovarian Cancer Spheroids Use Myosin-Generated Force to Clear the Mesothelium (2023)

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Origin of hysteresis in the I-V curves of point-contact junctions (1974)

Point-contact weak-link junctions often possess hysteresis in their current-voltage characteristics. We describe experimental evidence which suggests that this hysteresis is not due to the effects described by Stewart and McCumber but rather that this hysteresis is a self-heating phenomenon.
Superconductivity of powder-in-tube MgB2wires (2001)

A new class of `powder-in-tube' Mg-B superconducting conductors has been prepared using two different methods: an in situ technique where an Mg + 2B mixture was used as a central conductor core and reacted in situ to form MgB2, and an ex situ technique where fully reacted MgB2 powder was used to fill the metal tube. Conductors were prepared using silver, copper and bimetallic silver/stainless steel tubes. Wires manufactured by the in situ technique, diffusing Mg to B particles experienced ~25.5% decrease in density from the initial value after cold deformation, due to the phase transformation from Mg + 2(β-B)→MgB2 all with hexagonal structure.
Letter: Re: Canthal/Eyelid Reconstruction (2007)

Dermatologic SurgeryVolume 33, Issue 11 p. 1410-1411 Letter: Re: Canthal/Eyelid Reconstruction LAWRENCE M. FIELD MD, LAWRENCE M. FIELD MD San Mateo, CASearch for more papers by this author LAWRENCE M. FIELD MD, LAWRENCE M. FIELD MD San Mateo, CASearch for more papers by this author First published: 22 October 2007 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1524-4725.2007.33306.xRead the full textAboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume33, Issue11November 2007Pages 1410-1411 RelatedInformation