gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Natural killer (NK) cell stimulatory factor increases the cytotoxic activity of NK cells from both healthy donors and human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. (1992)

Natural killer cell stimulatory factor (NKSF), or interleukin 12 (IL-12), is a heterodimeric lymphokine produced by B cells that has multiple effects on T and NK cell functions. NKSF at concentrations as low as 0.4 pM enhances the spontaneous cytotoxic activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) against a variety of tumor-derived target cell lines and virus-infected target cells. The combined treatment of PBL with NKSF and IL-2 results in a less than additive enhancement of cytotoxicity. NKSF enhances the cytotoxic activity of spontaneously cytotoxic CD16+CD5- NK cells and does not confer cytotoxic activity to CD16-CD5+ T cells. PBL from patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have significantly lower cytotoxic activity against tumor-derived target cells and virus-infected target cells than PBL from control healthy donors. Treatment of PBL from HIV-infected patients with NKSF and/or IL-2 results in an increase of NK cell cytotoxicity against both types of target cells to levels similar to or higher than those of untreated PBL from healthy donors. PBL from HIV-infected patients produce interferon gamma in response to NKSF and/or IL-2, although at levels 5- or 10-fold lower than those produced by PBL from healthy donors. The multiple biological effects of NKSF, its activity at very low molar concentrations, and its ability to synergize with other physiological stimuli suggest that NKSF/IL-12 is a lymphokine likely to have physiological importance and considerable therapeutic potential.
Compartmented fibres: a local and multiple healing events approach for self healing fibre reinforced composites (2015)

This chapter summarizes the research on the development of compartmented fibres for self-healing fibre reinforced polymer composite applications. The compartmented fibre concept combines the advantages of both capsule based and hollow fibre based extrinsic healing strategies: the mesoscopic fibre geometry facilitates the spatial distribution of the healing agent in a fibre reinforced composite while the microscopic vacuoles within the fibre filled with a healing agent allow for very local and distributed healing events. Fibres containing the healing agent discretely distributed along the fibre can be obtained from an alginate emulsion containing the healing agent as the dispersed phase spun into a coagulation bath. The vacuole characteristics can be tuned by adjusting the emulsion and the spinning conditions. Fibres containing the self-healing agents have been embedded in both thermoplastics and thermosets and demonstrated the high potential of this alternative concept for self-healing composites.
Accurate image reconstruction from few-views and limited-angle data in divergent-beam CT (2009)

In practical applications of tomographic imaging, there are often challenges for image reconstruction due to under-sampling and insufficient data. In computed tomography (CT), for example, image reconstruction from few views would enable rapid scanning with a reduced x-ray dose delivered to the patient. Limited-angle problems are also of practical significance in CT. In this work, we develop and investigate an iterative image reconstruction algorithm based on the minimization of the image total variation (TV) that applies to divergent-beam CT. Numerical demonstrations of our TV algorithm are performed with various insufficient data problems in fan-beam CT. The TV algorithm can be generalized to cone-beam CT as well as other tomographic imaging modalities.
Days Without End: On the Stability of Experimental Single-Period Continuous Double Auction Markets (2001)

To date, investigators have relied on hysterosalpingography, hysterosalpingoscintigraphy, and laparoscopic chromopertubation for the diagnosis of tubal disease causing infertility. With the development of the "linear everting catheter" system it may now be possible to evaluate the tubal lumen and to diagnose changes in the tubal wall or the tubal mucosa by direct visualization. This paper describes our initial clinical experience with 14 women who underwent evaluation for infertility. The new catheter system allowed both inspection of the tubal ostium without cervical dilation or concomitant hysteroscopy and virtually atraumatic access to the tube by means of an endoscope measuring half a millimeter in diameter and a magnification of 40. Given adequate experience with this technique it may also be performed in an outpatient setting. Ultimately, tuboscopy may come to play a major part in the diagnosis of sterility. Other potential applications of this new technology are the tubal transfer of embryos, intratubal insemination and the conservative treatment of tubal pregnancy.
Review : Bacteriocinogenic lactic acid bacteria associated with meat products / Revisión: Bacterias lácticas productoras de bacteriocinas asociadas a productos cárnicos (1998)

Meat consumption is of great economical importance. Several lactic acid bacteria associated with meat products are important natural bacteriocin producers. Bacteriocins are proteinaceous antag onistic substances considered to be important in the control of spoilage and pathogenic microor ganisms. This review aims to present the current state of the art in terms of bacteriocinogenic lactic acid bacteria associated with fresh and fermented meat products, describe the biochemical and genetic characteristics of their bacteriocins and the potential use of bacteriocins production of meat products.
ENDOGLIN Is Dispensable for Vasculogenesis, but Required for Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-Induced Angiogenesis (2014)

ENDOGLIN (ENG) is a co-receptor for transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family members that is highly expressed in endothelial cells and has a critical function in the development of the vascular system. Mutations in Eng are associated with the vascular disease known as hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia type l. Using mouse embryonic stem cells we observed that angiogenic factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), induce vasculogenesis in embryoid bodies even when Eng deficient cells or cells depleted of Eng using shRNA are used. However, ENG is required for the stem cell-derived endothelial cells to organize effectively into tubular structures. Consistent with this finding, fetal metatarsals isolated from E17.5 Eng heterozygous mouse embryos showed reduced VEGF-induced vascular network formation. Moreover, shRNA-mediated depletion and pharmacological inhibition of ENG in human umbilical vein cells mitigated VEGF-induced angiogenesis. In summary, we demonstrate that ENG is required for efficient VEGF-induced angiogenesis.
Amélioration de la modélisation des pertes magnétiques dans les machines synchrones fonctionnant en régime de défluxage (2007)

International audience
An intronless gene encoding a poly(A) polymerase is specifically expressed in testis1 (2000)

Previous work demonstrated that a single pre-mRNA could generate multiple forms of mammalian poly(A) polymerase mRNAs by alternative splicing or alternative polyadenylation. A cDNA encoding a testis-specific poly(A) polymerase was isolated in this study. The transcription level of Papt in testis of a 2 weeks old mouse was much lower than that of the general poly(A) polymerase gene, Pap. However, the transcription ratio of Papt to Pap was reversed in testis of a 4 weeks old mouse. Transient expression analysis showed that GFP-Papt fusion protein is present both in the nucleus and cytoplasm of HeLa cells. These results suggest that Papt is involved in polyadenylation of transcripts expressed during spermatogenesis.
Microtubule plus-end tracking by CLIP-170 requires EB1 (2009)

Microtubules are polarized polymers that exhibit dynamic instability, with alternating phases of elongation and shortening, particularly at the more dynamic plus-end. Microtubule plus-end tracking proteins (+TIPs) localize to and track with growing microtubule plus-ends in the cell. +TIPs regulate microtubule dynamics and mediate interactions with other cellular components. The molecular mechanisms responsible for the +TIP tracking activity are not well understood, however. We reconstituted the +TIP tracking of mammalian proteins EB1 and CLIP-170 in vitro at single-molecule resolution using time-lapse total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy. We found that EB1 is capable of dynamically tracking growing microtubule plus-ends. Our single-molecule studies demonstrate that EB1 exchanges rapidly at microtubule plus-ends with a dwell time of <1 s, indicating that single EB1 molecules go through multiple rounds of binding and dissociation during microtubule polymerization. CLIP-170 exhibits lattice diffusion and fails to selectively track microtubule ends in the absence of EB1; the addition of EB1 is both necessary and sufficient to mediate plus-end tracking by CLIP-170. Single-molecule analysis of the CLIP-170-EB1 complex also indicates a short dwell time at growing plus-ends, an observation inconsistent with the copolymerization of this complex with tubulin for plus-end-specific localization. GTP hydrolysis is required for +TIP tracking, because end-specificity is lost when tubulin is polymerized in the presence of guanosine 5'-[alpha,beta-methylene]triphosphate (GMPCPP). Together, our data provide insight into the mechanisms driving plus-end tracking by mammalian +TIPs and suggest that EB1 specifically recognizes the distinct lattice structure at the growing microtubule end.
Rectangle variable optical filter using dynamic grating in erbium-doped fiber controlled by synthesis of optical coherence function: proposal and simulation (2001)

A novel photonic functional device, a rectangle variable optical filter using dynamic grating in Er doped fiber (EDF) controlled by synthesis of optical coherence function, is proposed and analyzed. Due to the gain saturation of EDF, a periodic bleaching of the gain (dynamic grating) is generated, when an intensity standing wave is produced by interference of two laser beams traveling in EDF with opposite directions. When the frequency of the laser is modulated with an appropriate waveform, shape of the optical coherence function can be synthesized. It can be used to control the interferometric pattern in the EDF, and then the dynamic grating can also be controlled. Thus, the shape and bandwidth of the reflection spectrum of the dynamic grating becomes controllable. Simulations indicate that the spectrum of the filter can be controlled by synthesis of optical coherence function. Preliminary experiment confirmed the principle.
Characteristics of a transferred‐arc plasma (1983)

Abstract The basic characteristics of a transferred arc argon plasma were determined using a cathode assembly suitable for transferring the electric arc to a molten metal bath or to a cooled anode. They indicated that the sustained voltage depended strongly on the arc length and much less on current. The inlet gas velocity past the cathode tip was determined to be an important operating parameter, rather than the volumetric gas flowrate. The measurement of the axial and radial profiles of temperature was effected with ±8% accuracy by a novel diagnostic technique. Temperatures up to 18,500 K were observed on the axis of the plasma column, near the cathode tip, and decayed in both radial and axial directions. A sweeping microprobe was used to measure the axial and radial profiles of velocity. Velocities up to 190 m/s were recorded. The presence of a relatively colder flow surrounding the plasma column was detected. Mass and energy balances performed by taking this flow into account agreed with the measured input rates.
Fractalkine Is a Novel Human Adipochemokine Associated With Type 2 Diabetes (2011)

CX3CL1-CX3CR1 is a novel inflammatory adipose chemokine system that modulates monocyte adhesion to adipocytes and is associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. These data provide support for CX3CL1 as a diagnostic and therapeutic target in cardiometabolic disease.
Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide, growth hormone (GH)-releasing peptide and GH-releasing hormone stimulate GH release through distinct pituitary receptors. (1992)

GH secretion has been thought traditionally to be regulated by the two hypothalamic hormones, GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) and somatostatin (SRIF). Recent evidence has suggested that other factors may be involved. These factors include the natural ligand for the synthetic hexapeptide GH-releasing peptide (GHRP) and the putative hypophysiotropic factor pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PA-CAP). Accordingly, we examined the effects of GHRP and PACAP on GH secretion at the single cell level using the reverse hemolytic plaque assay which allows distinction of effects on the number of secreting cells and the amount of hormone each cell secretes. Both factors stimulated GH secretion in a dose-dependent fashion, with PACAP being more effective. PACAP increased both the number of cells secreting and the mean amount of hormone secreted per cell. In contrast, GHRP increased the number of secreting cells, although it had no effect on the amount of secretion per cell. GH secretion induced by GHRH, GHRP, and PACAP was inhibited by SRIF, but the effect was predominantly on the number of cells secreting rather than the amount secreted per cell. Specific antagonists to GHRP and GHRH inhibited GH secretion induced by the respective agonist but not that induced by the other factor nor by PACAP. These findings confirm the complex nature of the regulation of GH secretion at the level of the somatotrope. At least three factors, operating via distinct receptors, are able to increase GH secretion. In addition, they ascribe a potential physiological role for the hitherto putative hypophysiotropic factor PACAP.
Diode laser butt coupling to K/sup +/ diffused waveguides in glass (1992)

Butt coupling of diode lasers to K/sup +/ diffused waveguides in glass has been done successfully, with coupling efficiencies of 30%. The influence of the astigmatism of the diode lasers on the coupling has been studied theoretically and the importance of some exchange parameters has been studied experimentally. The use of diode lasers with larger near fields is likely to increase the coupling efficiency. Butt coupling is particularly useful for sensors, thus avoiding laser-fiber-waveguide coupling.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Fast (2014)

Tree automata and tree transducers are used in a wide range of applications in software engineering, from XML processing to language type-checking. While these formalisms are of immense practical use, they can only model finite alphabets, and since many real-world applications operate over infinite domains such as integers, this is often a limitation. To overcome this problem we augment tree automata and transducers with symbolic alphabets represented as parametric theories. Admitting infinite alphabets makes these models more general and succinct than their classical counterparts. Despite this, we show how the main operations, such as composition and language equivalence, remain computable given a decision procedure for the alphabet theory. We introduce a high-level language called Fast that acts as a front-end for the above formalisms. Fast supports symbolic alphabets through tight integration with state-of-the-art satisfiability modulo theory (SMT) solvers. We demonstrate our techniques on practical case studies, covering a wide range of applications.
A comparison of the effects on central 5‐HT function of sibutramine hydrochloride and other weight‐modifying agents (1998)

1. Effects on 5-HT function of sibutramine and its active metabolites, BTS 54 354 and BTS 54 505, were compared with fluoxetine, (+)-fenfluramine and (+)-amphetamine. 2. In vitro sibutramine weakly inhibited [3H]-5-HT uptake into brain synaptosomes. BTS 54 354, BTS 54 505 and fluoxetine were powerful [3H]-5-HT uptake inhibitors, whereas (+)-fenfluramine and (+)-amphetamine were very much weaker. Conversely, whilst sibutramine, its metabolites and fluoxetine did not release [3H]-5-HT from brain slices at < or = 10(-5)M, (+)-fenfluramine and (+)-amphetamine concentration-dependently increased [3H]-5-HT release. 3. Sibutramine and fluoxetine had no effect on 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) accumulation in either frontal cortex or hypothalamus at doses < 10 mg kg(-1). In contrast, (+)-amphetamine ( > or = 3 mg kg(-1)) reduced 5-HTP in hypothalamus, whilst (+)-fenfluramine (> or =1 mg kg(-1)) decreased 5-HTP in both regions. 4. Sibutramine (10 mg kg(-1) i.p.) and fluoxetine (10 mg kg(-1) i.p.) produced slow, prolonged increases of extracellular 5-HT in the anterior hypothalamus. In contrast, (+)-fenfluramine (3 mg kg(-1) i.p.) and (+)-amphetamine (4 mg kg(-1) i.p.) induced rapid, short-lasting increases in extracellular 5-HT. 5. Only (+)-fenfluramine (10 mg kg(-1)) altered 5-HT2A receptors in rat frontal cortex when given for 14 days, producing a 61% reduction in receptor number and a 18% decrease in radioligand affinity. 6. These results show that sibutramine powerfully enhances central 5-HT function via its secondary and primary amine metabolites; this effect, like that of fluoxetine, is almost certainly mediated through 5-HT uptake inhibition. By contrast, (+)-fenfluramine enhances 5-HT function predominantly by increasing 5-HT release. (+)-Amphetamine, though weaker than (+)-fenfluramine, also enhances 5-HT function by release.
Extraction of metallurgical effective channel length in LDD MOSFET's (1995)

A new extraction method of metallurgical effective channel length (L/sub met/) in LDD MOSFET's is proposed. This method is based on the clear device physics. First, the carrier density modulation effect is overcome by "paired V/sub TH/" method. Second, the effect of charge sharing is eliminated by extrapolating L/sub eff/ found by "paired V/sub TH/" method to that at zero depletion width between the lightly doped region and the substrate. Both simulation and experimental results demonstrate the accuracy and usefulness of our approach. For example, the device simulation result shows that the extracted L/sub met/ has only 60 /spl Aring/ error compared with the physical dimension defined by the distance between the source and drain n/sup -/ metallurgical junctions. Proposed method is accurate, reliable enough to be used for the routine monitoring in manufacturing environment.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Comparison of performance of high-power mid-IR QCL modules in actively and passively cooled mode (2017)

We report on the effects of active and passive cooling on the performance of high power mid-IR QCL modules (&lambda; ≈ 3.9 &mu;m) in quasi-cw mode. In active cooling mode, a thermo-electrical cooler attached with its hot side to a heat sink of constant temperature, a local thermometer in close proximity to the QCL chip (epi-down mounted) as well as a control unit has been used for temperature control of the QCL submount. In contrast, the passive cooling was performed by attaching the QCL module solely to the heat sink. Electro-optical light-current- (L-I-) curves are measured in a quasi-cw mode, from which efficiencies can be deduced. Waiving of the active cooling elements results in a drop of the maximum intensity of less than 5 %, compared to the case wherein the temperature of the submount is stabilized to the temperature of the heat sink. The application of a model of electro-optical performance to the data shows good agreement and captures the relevant observations. We further determine the heat resistance of the module and demonstrate that the system performance is not limited by the packaging of the module, but rather by the heat dissipation on the QCL chip itself.
Role of Recombination in the Long-Term Retention of Transposable Elements in rRNA Gene Loci (2008)

Multiple theoretical studies have focused on the concerted evolution of the tandemly repeated rRNA genes of eukaryotes; however, these studies did not consider the transposable elements that interrupt the rRNA genes in many organisms. For example, in insects, R1 and R2 have been stable components of the rDNA locus for hundreds of millions of years, suggesting either that they have minimal effects on fitness or that they are unable to be eliminated. We constructed a simulation model of recombination and retrotransposition within the rDNA locus that addresses the population dynamics and fitness consequences associated with R1 and R2 insertions. The simulations suggest that even without R1 and R2 retrotransposition the frequent sister chromatid exchanges postulated from various empirical studies will, in combination with selection, generate rDNA loci that are much larger than those needed for transcription. These large loci enable the host to tolerate high levels of R1 and R2 insertions with little fitness consequences. Changes in retrotransposition rates are likely to be accommodated by adjustments in sister chromatid exchange (SCE) rate, rather than by direct selection on the number of uninserted rDNA units. These simulations suggest that the rDNA locus serves as an ideal niche for the long-term survival of transposable elements.
Strengths and limitations of a uniform 3D-LUT approach for digital camera characterization (2016)

Digital color imaging technology has become omnipresent in today's modern life. Digital image capturing and reproduction devices such as smartphones, digital still and video cameras, displays, printers, and color scanners can be found in every home, offering extremely high functionality and flexibility. In order to guarantee qualitatively good results regarding the whole image processing pipeline and to achieve high user acceptance, optimized color conversion and correction algorithms play a crucial role. In this context, a new implementation method of uniform three-dimensional lookup tables (3D-LUTs) based on a standardized pre-measured spectral reflectance database will be presented and applied for the color correction of digital camera systems. The strengths and limitations of such an implementation will be discussed and a performance comparison with the standard 3 &#xD7; 3 matrix color correction will be conducted. It can be found that the proposed 3D-LUT approach outperforms the matrix method in terms of CIEDE2000 color differences and color reproduction properties, but still has its limitations when it comes to achromatic colors and the representation of color gradients.