gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental investigation of an oil droplet colliding with an oil-water interface (2011)

The impact of a buoyancy driven oil droplet with an oil-water interface is investigated using time-resolved Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) along with a phase discrimination by means of high-speed Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF). In this paper we focus on the investigation of strategies to optimize the performance of high-speed PIV algorithms. Furthermore this data will be used for validation of numerical simulations of two phase flows. To simultaneously measure the flow velocities inside and around the oil droplet by PIV the refractive indices of both phases need to be matched. The aqueous phase consists of a mixture of corn syrup and water, which defines the viscosity as well as the refractive index. The disperse phase consists of a mixture of two mineral oils. The latter are mixed to match the refractive index of the continuous phase. Both phases are seeded with tracer particles required for PIV. A fluorescent dye is added to the dispersed phase to allow discrimination of the PIV signals originating from both phases by LIF. The LIF and PIV signals are captured by two high-speed cameras. In order to study the impact of an oil droplet into an oil-water interface, it is necessary to accurately measure a velocity range that is spread over three orders of magnitude. The impact of the droplet is measured in a time series of PIV recordings with a high temporal resolution. This allows to optimize the time interval between two correlated frames within the time series to achieve a high signal-to-noise ratio, while still being able to measure a large velocity dynamic range. An approach to estimate an optimal time separation is presented in this study. The results are compared to the experimental data and the effectiveness of the introduced optimization on the data quality is discussed. Furthermore, the results of this experiment are compared to a numerical simulation.
Enteric neurodegeneration in ageing (2008)

Abstract The objective of this article is to review the clinical presentation and neurobiology of degeneration of the enteric nervous system with emphasis on human data where available. Constipation, incontinence and evacuation disorders are frequently encountered in the ageing population. Healthy lower gastrointestinal function is essential for successful ageing as it is critical to maintaining independence and autonomy to pursue further activity. One clinical expression of enteric neurodegeneration is constipation. However, the aetiology may be multifactorial as disturbances of epithelial, muscle or neural function may all result from neurodegeneration. There is evidence of loss of excitatory (e.g. cholinergic) enteric neurons and interstitial cells of Cajal, whereas inhibitory (including nitrergic) neurons appear unaffected. Understanding neurodegeneration in the enteric nervous system is key to developing treatments to reverse it. Neurotrophins have been shown to accelerate colonic transit and relieve constipation in the medium term; they are also implicated in maintenance programmes in adult enteric neurons through a role in antioxidant defence. However, their effects in ageing colon require further study. There is evidence that 5‐HT 2 and 5‐HT 4 mechanisms are involved in development, maintenance and survival of enteric neurons. Further research is needed to understand and potentially reverse enteric neurodegeneration.
Solving the Capacitive Paradox of 2D MXene using Electrochemical Quartz‐Crystal Admittance and In Situ Electronic Conductance Measurements (2014)

Fast ion adsorption processes in supercapacitors enable quick storage/delivery of significant amounts of energy, while ion intercalation in battery materials leads to even larger amounts of energy stored, but at substantially lower rates due to diffusional limitations. Intercalation of ions into the recently discovered 2D Ti 3 C 2 T x (MXene) occurs with a very high rate and leads to high capacitance, posing a paradox. Herein, by characterizing the mechanical deformations of MXene electrode materials at various states‐of‐charge with a variety of cations (Li, Na, K, Cs, Mg, Ca, Ba, and three tetra­alkylammonium cations) during cycling by electrochemical quartz‐crystal admittance (EQCA, quartz‐crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring) combined with in situ electronic conductance and electrochemical impedance, light is shone on this paradox. Based on this work, it appears that the capacitive paradox stems from cationic insertion, accompanied by significant deformation of the MXene particles, that occurs so rapidly so as to resemble 2D ion adsorption at solid‐liquid interfaces. The latter is greatly facilitated by the presence of water molecules between the MXene sheets.
Defining Septic Shock—Reply (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Optical layer restoration-an operations perspective (2003)

The deployment of optical layer restoration in large scale networks is examined from the perspective of network operations. Issues addressed include granularity, restoration speed, interworking among network layers, improving reliability and maintainability.
Rate-Distortion Theory for Secrecy Systems (2014)

Secrecy in communication systems is measured herein by the distortion that an adversary incurs. The transmitter and receiver share secret key, which they use to encrypt communication and ensure distortion at an adversary. A model is considered in which an adversary not only intercepts the communication from the transmitter to the receiver, but also potentially has side information. In particular, the adversary may have causal or noncausal access to a signal that is correlated with the source sequence or the receiver's reconstruction sequence. The main contribution is the characterization of the optimal tradeoff among communication rate, secret key rate, distortion at the adversary, and distortion at the legitimate receiver. It is demonstrated that causal side information at the adversary plays a pivotal role in this tradeoff. It is also shown that measures of secrecy based on normalized equivocation are a special case of the framework.
Chromosome 21 abnormalities with AML1 amplification in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (2001)

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) studies were performed in three cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with marker chromosomes to analyze the contribution of chromosome 21 in these markers. FISH with a chromosome 21 painting probe confirmed that chromosome 21 was involved in all three cases. FISH with YAC probes showed that the number of extra copies varied according to their location on chromosome 21. Attention was focused on the AML1 gene, which was present as five copies in most of the cells exhibiting the marker chromosomes. As controls, 11 cases of childhood ALL were studied with PAC probes covering AML1. The results agreed with the banded karyotypes in 10 patients. FISH uncovered a clone with four copies of AML1 which were only observed by FISH analysis of interphase nuclei in one patient. No point mutation was detected in exons 3-5, encoding the runt domain of AML1, in the three cases, suggesting an oncogenic role of wild-type AML1 amplification.
Alternative methods for verifying the results of the mass spectrometric identification of peptides in shotgun proteomics (2010)

Database search is the most popular approach used for the identification of peptides in contemporary shotgun proteomics; it utilizes only mass spectrometric data. In this work, we introduce three criteria for the verification of peptide identification; these are based on the analysis of data orthogonal to tandem mass spectra. The first one utilizes chromatographic retention times of peptides. The development of such approaches has been hindered by the relatively low accuracy of retention time prediction algorithms. In this work, we suggest the use of two independent models of the liquid chromatography of peptides, which increase the reliability of the results. The second criterion utilizes the mean number of missed tryptic cleavages per peptide. The third one results from the analysis of the difference between theoretical and experimentally measured peptide masses. The proposed criteria were applied to the tandem mass spectra of tryptic peptides from rat kidney tissue, which were processed by the Mascot search engine. All the criteria showed that Mascot significantly overestimated the reliability of an identification. This conclusion was supported by the PeptideProphet algorithm.
EPA’s Regulation of Coal-Fired Power: Is a “Train Wreck” Coming?. July 2011 (2011)

This report describes nine rules in seven categories that are at the core of recent critical analyses, with background on the rule and its requirements and, where possible, a discussion of the rule's potential costs and benefits.
Dendrimers as Solubilizing Groups for Conducting Polymers:  Preparation and Characterization of Polythiophene Functionalized Exclusively with Aliphatic Ether Convergent Dendrons (2000)

The first conducting polythiophene, having only dendritic solubilizers, has been prepared using a Stille coupling approach. The use of second and third generation aliphatic ether convergent dendrons as a solubilizing platform facilitated the preparation of dendrimer-oligothiophene hybrid macromonomers having minimal substitution. Polymers were then prepared via an A2 + B2 step-growth polymerization between an oligothiophene−dibromide macromonomer and 2,5-bis(trimethylstannyl)thiophene using Pd(PPh3)2Cl2 as the catalyst. Both the dendrimer size and the dendrimer to thiophene unit ratio were variables that required optimization in order to obtain a solution-processable conducting polymer. Conductivities as high as 200 S/cm were measured for iodine doped thin films of the polythiophene with six thiophene repeat units for each third generation dendron.
Signal Parameters Estimation Using Time-Frequency Representation For Laser Doppler Anemometry (2012)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Bucharest, Romania, 2012
Synthesis and infrared spectroscopic detection of rhenium pentacarbonyl (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and infrared spectroscopic detection of rhenium pentacarbonylH. Huber, E. P. Kundig, and G. A. OzinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1974, 96, 17, 5585–5586Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00824a054https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00824a054research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views88Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Helix-Coil Transition and Degree of Polymerization of Double Chains of Complementary Homopolynucleotides (1966)

Thermal transitions, of DNA type molecules of degree of polymerization from 3 to 10 and larger than 100 are studied, using three models, that is, all or none model, zipper model and broken ladder model. Calculations are made for various values of the ratio of hydrogen bond energy to the sum of hydrogen bond energy and stacking energy. It is shown that this ratio markedly affects the dependence of the transition temperature upon the degree of polymerization. Therefore, the information on this ratio may be obtained from experimental studies of the chain length dependence of thermal transition. In each of three models for large values of degree of polymerization, it is shown that the reciprocal of the transition temperature is a linear function of the reciprocal of the degree of polymerization of a molecule. It is also shown that even in the case of small degree of polymerization three models give markedly different melting curves if this ratio is large.
Optical Filters With Coupled Sagnac Loop Waveguide Reflectors (2021)

We present theoretical designs of high performance optical filters in integrated silicon photonic nanowire resonators. We use mode interference in formed by zig-zag waveguide coupled Sagnac loop reflectors (ZWC-SLRs), tailored to achieve diverse filtering functions with good performance. These include compact bandpass filters with improved roll-off, optical analogues of Fano resonances with ultrahigh spectral extinction ratios (ERs) and slope rates, and resonance mode splitting with high ERs and low free spectral ranges. The analysis verifies the feasibility of multi-functional integrated photonic filters based on ZWC-SLR resonators for flexible spectral engineering in diverse applications.
Exponential model of the Engel curve: Application within the income elasticity analysis of the Czech households' demand for meat and meat products (2007)

The paper is focused on the economic and mathematical analysis of the Engel demand model in the exponential form: q = a0 Ă ea1/X.Properties of this exponential model are studied with respect to its application possibilities in the field of evaluation of the income elasticity of the Czech households' demand for meat and meat products. According to the used database of the consumer behaviour of the average Czech household from 1995 to 2000 (CZSO-HES), the analysed exponential model of the Engel curve attained the following parameters:, Qt = At Ă e-17336.8908/Xt, where At = 44,6019 Ă e1,1119Ă10-4 Ă t2 and t = 1, 2, …, 24. For the analysis of the income-demand elasticity of the developed exponential form, the model offers the static hyperbolic function: η (Xt) = 17 336.8908/Xt. The derived hyperbolic function of the income-demand elasticity falls digressively and the simulated values tend to the zero level. In analysed time period (1995-2000), the income-demand reactions were simulated in the elastic form with the values from 1.3866 to 1.1340. The average level of the analysed income- demand elasticity between the observed years reached the value of 1.2121, thus the 1% rise in the real level of the quarter households' incomes per capita led to the average increase in the average Czech household's demand for meat and meat products, including fish and fish products, of about 1.21%.
Reduced resolution depth compression for multiview video plus depth coding (2010)

Multiview video plus depth (MVD) is a new 3D video format that would support 3D video applications. The primary goals are the high-quality reconstruction of an arbitrary number of views for 3D television (3DTV) and free viewpoint television (FTV). Its quality depends highly on the quality of depth image, a depth compression base B-spline interpolation is proposed for MVD to improve the 3D video coding (3DVC). The depth map is down sampling prior to multiview video coding (MVC) encoding and up sampling after decoding. The results investigated by objective as well as subjective evaluations over several multi-view test sequences imply that the proposed methods reduce the bit-rate for depth coding and achieve better rendering quality.
Enhanced osseointegration through direct energy deposition porous coating for cementless orthopedic implant fixation (2021)

Direct energy deposition (DED) is a newly developed 3D metal printing technique that can be utilized on a porous surface coating of joint implants, however there is still a lack of studies on what advantages DED has over conventional techniques. We conducted a systematic mechanical and biological comparative study of porous coatings prepared using the DED method and other commercially available technologies including titanium plasma spray (TPS), and powder bed fusion (PBF). DED showed higher porosity surface (48.54%) than TPS (21.4%) and PBF (35.91%) with comparable fatigue cycle. At initial cell adhesion, cells on DED and PBF surface appeared to spread well with distinct actin stress fibers through immunofluorescence study. It means that the osteoblasts bind more strongly to the DED and PBF surface. Also, DED surface showed higher cell proliferation (1.27 times higher than TPS and PBF) and osteoblast cell activity (1.28 times higher than PBF) for 2 weeks culture in vitro test. In addition, DED surface showed better bone to implant contact and new bone formation than TPS in in vivo study. DED surface also showed consistently good osseointegration performance throughout the early and late period of osseointegration. Collectively, these results show that the DED coating method is an innovative technology that can be utilized to make cementless joint implants.
Car drivers overtaking cyclists: A European perspective using naturalistic driving data (2017)

In Europe, the number of road crashes is decreasing, while the number of crashes involving cyclists are not decreasing at the same rate as car crashes. Crashes which occur while the vehicle is overtaking a cyclist often result in severe injuries or fatalities. Understanding the behaviour of car drivers overtaking cyclists, can facilitate increased road safety through improved guidelines and policies, as well as in-vehicle technologies.This study investigates how car drivers overtake cyclists on rural roads in four European countries by analysing the UDrive naturalistic driving data. One objective is to understand if, in different countries, there is a difference in the lateral distance when the car is passing the cyclist. Other objective is to investigate if the time-to-collision (TTC), at the start of the overtaking, affects the lateral distance when the car is passing the cyclist.Minor differences between countries were found with respect to lateral distance. Greater lateral distance while passing cyclists was observed with increase in time-to-collision at the start of the overtaking. Furthermore, vehicle speed, distance between the lane edge and the cyclists, and the presence of leading vehicle significantly affected the driver comfort zone. The driver comfort zone during overtaking manoeuvres from naturalistic driving data could provide information for legislators and policy makers in Europe, as well as support safety system design in the automotive industry.
Arbitrary Facial Attribute Editing: Only Change What You Want. (2017)

Facial attribute editing aims to modify either single or multiple attributes on a face image. Recently, the generative adversarial net (GAN) and the encoder-decoder architecture are usually incorporated to handle this task. The attribute editing can then be conducted by decoding the latent representation of the face image conditioned on the specified attributes. A few existing methods attempt to establish attribute-independent latent representation for arbitrarily changing the attributes. However, since the attributes portray the characteristics of the face image, the attribute-independent constraint on the latent representation is excessive. Such constraint may result in information loss and unexpected distortion on the generated images (e.g. over smoothing), especially for those identifiable attributes such as gender, race etc. Instead of imposing the attribute-independent constraint on the latent representation, we introduce an attribute classification constraint on the generated image, just requiring the correct change of the attributes. Meanwhile, reconstruction learning is introduced in order to guarantee the preservation of all other attribute-excluding details on the generated image, and adversarial learning is employed for visually realistic generation. Moreover, our method can be naturally extended to attribute intensity manipulation. Experiments on the CelebA dataset show that our method outperforms the state-of-the-arts on generating realistic attribute editing results with facial details well preserved.
Characterization of materials eliciting foreign body reaction in stapled human gastrointestinal anastomoses (2008)

The presence of foreign body reaction was confirmed in stapled human gastrointestinal anastomoses. The source of refractile materials eliciting this reaction was the stapler cartridges.
<i>Pichia anomala</i> as a biocontrol agent of <i>Penicillium roqueforti</i> in high-moisture wheat, rye, barley, and oats stored under airtight conditions (1998)

Pichia anomala inhibits growth of Penicillium roqueforti in high-moisture winter wheat, barley, and oats in cases where a malfunctioning airtight feed-storage system allows air to leak in. To imitate air leakage to such a storage system, grain was inoculated, packed in glass tubes with a restricted air supply, and incubated at 25°C. Yeast and mold colony-forming units (CFU) were counted on selective media after 14 days. Pichia anomala reached a density of about 5 x 107 CFU/g on all tested cereals except in spring wheat (cv. Dragon), where a density of 109 CFU/g was reached. In winter wheat (cv. Kosack), Penicillium roqueforti reached a density of 106 CFU/g in grain that had not been inoculated with yeast and 105 CFU/g in co-culture with 5 x 103 CFU/g of Pichia anomala. At 5 x 104 Pichia anomala, growth of Penicillum roqueforti was totally inhibited. Similar results were obtained with spring wheat (cv. Dragon), barley (cv. Golf), and oats (cv. Svea). However, spring wheat cv. Dragon was generally much less...
An Investigation of the Compressibility of LaB6and EuB6Using a High Pressure X-Ray Power Diffraction Technique (1982)

The compressibilities of LaB6 and EuB6 have been determined using a high pressure X-ray powder diffraction technique. The compressibilities were found to be (0.58 ± 0.03) × 10-11 Pa-1 and (0.60 ± 0.03) × 10-11 Pa-1, respectively. No discontinuity has been found in the relative volume change vs. pressure curve of EuB6, which is semiconducting with a small band gap. This indicates that an overlap between the conduction band and the valence band does not occur within the pressure range examined (0-8 GPa). Furthermore, considering both the low compressibility of EuB6 and the large energy difference between the 4f7 level and the bottom of the conduction band (∼ 1 eV), an electronic transition Eu2+ → Eu3+ + e- seems unlikely even at very high pressures.