gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Probing edge condition of nanoscale CoFeB/MgO magnetic tunnel junctions by spin-wave resonance (2020)

We investigate spin-wave resonance in nanoscale CoFeB/MgO magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) with a perpendicular easy axis and various free-layer sizes. Two types of MTJs are fabricated by different process conditions, and the spin-wave resonance is measured with homodyne-detected ferromagnetic resonance. We focus on the distance between resonance frequencies of the uniform and spin-wave modes as a function of the free-layer size in order to examine the effect of the edge state of MTJs. A marked difference is observed between the two types of MTJs, and the result is consistently reproduced by a model assuming free- or fixed-edge boundary conditions with or without reduced magnetic properties near the pattern edge for each MTJ. The obtained results indicate that the edge state of nanoscale MTJs is crucially affected by the process condition, and spin-wave resonance can serve as a sensitive probe for the edge condition.
The energy and spectral characteristics of a room-temperature pulsed laser on a ZnS:Fe2+polycrystal (2016)

The energy and spectral characteristics of a laser on a ZnS:Fe2+ polycrystal operating at room temperature have been studied. The laser was pumped by a non-chain electro-discharge HF laser with a full-width at half-maximum pulse duration of ~140 ns. The diameter of the pumping radiation spot on the crystal surface was 3.8 mm. The two-sided diffuse doping of a polycrystalline CVD-ZnS sample with the surfaces preliminarily coated by high-purity iron films was performed in the process of hot isostatic pressing (HIP) in an argon atmosphere at a pressure of 100 MPa and temperature of 1290 °С. Increasing the duration of the HIP treatment from 54 h to 72 h made it possible to obtain twice the doping depth, and correspondingly, twice the length of active medium. As a result, the slope laser efficiency with respect to the absorbed energy was raised by a factor of 1.75 as compared to the value obtained in our earlier work with a polycrystalline sample. The generation energy was 25 mJ at a slope efficiency of η slope = 35%. It was established that the generation spectra of the laser with a non-selective resonator have a linear structure with intervals between the neighboring lines of δ λ ≈ 6 ÷ 8 nm, which is spurious for solid-state lasers. The spectral structure observed is not related to the elements inside the resonator, which might form Fabry–Perot interferometers.
Analysis and Synthesis of Hysteresis Loops in an Oscillator Frequency Characteristic (2019)

A methodology for the analysis and synthesis of multiple hysteresis loops in the frequency characteristic of a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) is presented. This is achieved through the coupling of an oscillator inductance to multiple external (passive) resonators with resonant frequencies in the tuning range of the VCO. A possible application to the implementation of a compact chipless radio frequency identification (RFID) system is explored, using the oscillator as a reader and placing the external resonators in the tag. The system takes advantage of the high sensitivity to the tag resonances in the presence of hysteresis, which leads to vertical jumps in frequency versus the tuning voltage. A desired bit pattern would be encoded in the tag by enabling or disabling passive resonances at a sequence of frequencies. In the practical realization, the inductors in the oscillator and the external board are implemented through spiral inductors so that the resonators in the VCO and the tag have strong broadside coupling. The coupling effect is modeled through electromagnetic simulations, from which a linear admittance, representing the coupled subnetwork, is extracted. The multihysteresis oscillator characteristic can also be obtained experimentally through a new methodology able to stabilize the physically unstable sections without altering their steady-state values. Different demodulation methods for reading the tag are discussed.
Dielectric Biaxiality in S C Host Systems (1991)

Abstract AC field stabilisation of ferroelectric SC* liquid crystals with the chevron layer geometry requires that there is a significant dielectric biaxiality.1,2 To investigate this, the electric permittivities of an SC host mixture based on the phenyl pyrimidines and exhibiting an N-SA-SC phase sequence are reported. A large relaxation of ε∥ occurred, which caused a sign reversal of the dielectric anisotropy with a crossover frequency of 25 kHz at 25°C. The host electro-optic behaviour was then characterised using extinction angle measurements as a function of applied voltage at frequencies corresponding to Δ≈ > 0, Δε ≈ 0 and δε < 0, and the results explained using a tilted layer model with a biaxial dielectric tensor. The magnitude of the SC dielectric biaxiality, the layer tilt angle in the planar homogeneous geometry and the cone angle are determined. Measurements for several other hosts commonly used in commercial FLC mixtures are reported and it is shown that in each case the dielectric biaxiality is sufficiently large to cause AC field stabilisation in ferroelectric liquid crystals.
Synthesis of double pyrophosphates of sodium and chromium for pigmentation of organosilicate coatings (2009)

The conditions for synthesis of double pyrophosphate of sodium and chromium in the Cr(NO3)3-Na4P2O7-H2O system have been considered. The characteristic properties of organosilicate coatings of the “polyorganosiloxane-layered hydrosilicate-Cr2O3-rutile” composition with a finely dispersed green pigment synthesized have been determined.
Synthesis of C4-Linked C0- and C2-Imidazole 2′-Deoxyribonucleoside Phosphoramidites and Imidazole Base-Pairing Effects on DNA (2014)

The synthesis of C4-linked imidazole C<sub>0</sub>- and C<sub>2</sub>-2′-deoxyribonucleoside phosphoramidites (dPAs), in which the final phosphitylations are greatly improved by 4,5-dicyanoimidazole-promoted conversion, is described. The respective dPAs are successfully incorporated into the sequence of a 15-nt DNA, and the abilities of one or two imidazoles to pair with different bases are investigated through thermal melting (<i>T</i> <sub>m</sub>) experiments on the resulting DNA duplexes. Furthermore, computational models of the imidazole-modified DNAs are found to be in good agreement with the results of the thermal melting experiments.
Penalized maximum-likelihood sinogram restoration for dual focal spot computed tomography (2007)

Due to various system non-idealities, the raw data generated by a computed tomography (CT) machine are not readily usable for reconstruction. Although the deterministic nature of corruption effects such as crosstalk and afterglow permits correction by deconvolution, there is a drawback because deconvolution usually amplifies noise. Methods that perform raw data correction combined with noise suppression are commonly termed sinogram restoration methods. The need for sinogram restoration arises, for example, when photon counts are low and non-statistical reconstruction algorithms such as filtered backprojection are used. Many modern CT machines offer a dual focal spot (DFS) mode, which serves the goal of increased radial sampling by alternating the focal spot between two positions on the anode plate during the scan. Although the focal spot mode does not play a role with respect to how the data are affected by the above-mentioned corruption effects, it needs to be taken into account if regularized sinogram restoration is to be applied to the data. This work points out the subtle difference in processing that sinogram restoration for DFS requires, how it is correctly employed within the penalized maximum-likelihood sinogram restoration algorithm and what impact it has on image quality.
Rabbit antithymocyte globulin dose and early subclinical and clinical rejections in kidney transplantation (2022)

Antithymocyte globulin (ATG) is a commonly used induction agent in kidney transplant recipients. However, the optimal dosing has not been well defined. Our protocol aims for a 5-6 mg/kg cumulative dose. It is unclear if a dose lower than 5 mg/kg is associated with more rejection. We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients who received a kidney transplant at our center between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2016. Primary outcome was biopsy proven acute rejection (clinical and subclinical) in the first 6 months after kidney transplant. CMV viremia in high risk (D+/R-) recipients and BK viremia was compared as a secondary endpoint. Of the 543 patients, the Low Dose (LD) group (n = 56) received <5 mg/kg ATG and Regular Dose (RD) group (n = 487) received ≧5 mg/kg. Patients in RD were more sensitized (higher PRA and CPRA). LD received a dose of 4 ± 1.1 mg/kg ATG whereas RD received 5.6 ± .3 mg/kg ATG (P < .001). TCMR (Banff 1A or greater) was present in 34% of patients in LD versus 22% in RD (P = .04) (OR 2.1; 95%CI 1.12-3.81; P = .019). There was no difference in the incidence of CMV or BK viremia. ATG doses lower than 5 mg/kg may be associated with a heightened risk of rejection despite a low degree of sensitization.
A 3GPP NR Compliant Beam Management Framework to Simulate End-to-End mmWave Networks (2018)

The advent of the next iteration of mobile and wireless communication standards, the so called 5G, is already a reality. 3GPP released in December 2017 the first set of specifications of the 5G New Radio (NR), which introduced important innovations with respect to legacy networks. One of the main novelties is the use of very-high frequencies in the radio access, which requires highly-directional transmissions or beams to overcome the severe propagation losses. Therefore, it is paramount to manage these beams in an efficient manner in order to always choose the optimum set of beams. In this work, we describe the first NR-compliant beam management framework for the ns-3 network simulator. We aim at providing an open-source and fully-customizable solution to let the scientific community implement their solutions and assess their impact on the end-to-end network performance. Additionally, we describe the necessary modifications in ns-3 to align the radio frame structure to what the 3GPP standards mandate. Finally, we validate our results by running a simple mobility scenario.
Influence of Sialic Acid on Erythrocyte Aggregation in Hypercholesterolemi (1996)

The respective role of adhesive forces induced by fibrinogen and repulsive forces induced by erythrocyte sialic acid content on erythrocyte aggregation, was investigated in hypercholesterolemic and control subjects. Aggregation index (AI) and disaggregation shear rate threshold (gamma t) were determined in the presence of either autologous plasma or dextran. Compared with controls, fibrinogen (p < 0.001) and aggregation parameters (AI p < 0.01; gamma t p < 0.01) were higher in hypercholesterolemics while erythrocyte sialic acid content (p < 0.001) was lower; in addition total serum sialic acid was increased (p < 0.01). The aggregation properties of erythrocytes, independent of plasma environment using dextran as a bridging macromolecule, showed an enhanced disaggregation shear rate threshold and an inverse relationship with erythrocyte sialic acid content. We conclude that decreased erythrocyte sialic acid content may intensify the effect of fibrinogen on aggregation and disaggregation of erythrocytes and participate in the development of atherothrombotic complications.
CAT: A Last Mile Protocol for Content-Centric Networks (2011)

In recent years, content-centric networking has become an active area of research. However, the proposals in this area often use custom protocols for the last mile communication between end users and content networks, which makes the technologies hard to be adopted. In this paper we present a content aware publish-subscribe protocol, called CAT, that can become a common solution for end users to access different content-centric networks. We discuss how CAT protocol can be implemented implemented with HTTP. We analyze the performance of a CAT proxy and discuss the potential performance improvements brought by parallel access and data caching.
Staging and survival of patients with renal cell carcinoma (1994)

The staging of renal cell carcinoma was initiated in the United States with the systems of Flocks and Robson. The development of the TNM system began in Europe, evolved through several stages and is now being employed throughout the world. The predictive value of the current TNM system is supported by patient survival data. Practitioners treating renal cell carcinoma are encouraged to utilize the TNM classification.
On-line accuracy assessment for the dual six-port ANA: Background and theory (1987)

One of the major challenges confronting the microwave metrologist today is that of providing an accuracy assessment for the automatic network analyzer (ANA). This paper provides the background and theory for the recently developed on-line solution now in use with the six-port systems at the National Bureau of Standards (NBS).
Beiträge zur Chemie des Bors, 174. Isomerisierung von 2,3‐Dihydro‐1,4,2,3‐dithiadiborin‐,1,4,2,3‐Dithiadiborinan‐ und 2,3‐Dihydro‐1,4,2,3‐benzodithiadiborin‐Derivaten (1986)

Abstract Die im Titel genannten sechsgliedrigen Ringsysteme mit ‐Gerüst lagern bei höherer Temperatur in fünfgliedrige Ringe mit ‐Gerüst unter Erhaltung der BB‐Bindung um. In Konkurrenz zu dieser Isomerisierung tritt eine Redoxdisproportionierung, die mit länger werdender CC‐Bindung (vgl. die Reihe 6 &lt; 8 &lt; 15 ) der Isomerisierung den Rang abläuft. Nur eine der beiden Dimethylamino‐Gruppen von 2‐[Bis‐(dimethylamino)boryl]‐1,3,2‐dithiaborol ( 7a ) kann elektrophil gegen ein Halogenatom substituiert werden.
Clinical Diagnosis of Femoroacetabular Impingement (2013)

The diagnosis of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) syndrome is made based on a combination of clinical symptoms, physical examination findings, and imaging studies. A detailed assessment of each of these components is important to differentiate FAI from other intra- and extra-articular hip disorders. Clinical and physical examination findings must be viewed collectively because no single pathognomonic finding exists for FAI. Nevertheless, common components of the history and physical examination do suggest a diagnosis of FAI.
The Use of a Genetic Algorithm for Simultaneous Mapping of Multiple Interacting Quantitative Trait Loci (2000)

Here we describe a general method for improving computational efficiency in simultaneous mapping of multiple interacting quantitative trait loci (QTL). The method uses a genetic algorithm to search for QTL in the genome instead of an exhaustive enumerative ("step-by-step") search. It can be used together with any method of QTL mapping based on a genomic search, since it only provides a more efficient way to search the genome for QTL. The computational demand decreases by a factor of approximately 130 when using genetic algorithm-based mapping instead of an exhaustive enumerative search for two QTL in a genome size of 2000 cM using a resolution of 1 cM. The advantage of using a genetic algorithm increases further for larger genomes, higher resolutions, and searches for more QTL. We show that a genetic algorithm-based search has efficiency higher than or equal to a search method conditioned on previously identified QTL for all epistatic models tested and that this efficiency is comparable to that of an exhaustive search for multiple QTL. The genetic algorithm is thus a powerful and computationally tractable alternative to the exhaustive enumerative search for simultaneous mapping of multiple interacting QTL. The use of genetic algorithms for simultaneous mapping of more than two QTL and for determining empirical significance thresholds using permutation tests is also discussed.
Experimental Analysis and Fundamental Investigation on Constructing a Fish-Drying Process Control System (1994)

A fish drying process control system is proposed in the present paper. The proposed system utilizes prediction of suitable drying conditions for the given material fish before drying together with the proper change in weight of material fish with time under that condition. This function of the system has its basis in the performance of a skilled worker in this field. In order to implement a human expertise of this sort, experimental analysis were made so as to find the characteristics which governs the drying process. The proposed system consists of two procedures for producing products of good quality, which are set following human expert's way as mentioned above: 1) The procedure before drying. 2) The one which is executed during drying. The procedure (1) is for setting drying conditions and the prediction of required drying time. In this procedure, the probable change in weight with time is inferred by using fuzzy reasoning. A proper set of drying conditions and the required drying time under that set of conditions are also obtained by using a regression model. The procedure ( A mathematical model is employed for this purpose. A good agreement between the experimental results and simulation results are obtained, which implies the usefulness of the present control system.
Study on Urban Road Network Traffic District Division based on Clustering Analysis (2018)

Aiming at the problems of road congestion and complex road network information during peak commuting period, a spatial statistical method for traffic district division based on K-means algorithm is proposed. This method uses Jinan taxi GPS data, uses Python software to realize the K-means clustering division of taxi departure and departure points, and uses Moran's I model to analyze the spatial statistical characteristics of the partition results. Then, the taxi speed data is analyzed by ArcGIS software to further divide the community according to the clustering results. The results will be displayed on the map. The results show that this method can more reasonably and accurately classify traffic districts by collecting and analyzing a large number of historical data.
Looking at Patent Law: In Public Use and On Sale; Evolving Standards in Prior Art and Public Disclosure (2018)

This installment of the semi-regular column on patent law continues our discussion of some of the changes associated with the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act. In the previous article, the authors discussed the change in the U.S. patent law from a "first-to-invent" to a "first-inventor-to-file" system and changes associated with prior art, public disclosures, and the grace period associated with public disclosures. In this article, the authors discuss the impact of the phrases "in public use," "on sale," "experimental use," and "or otherwise available to the public" on prior art. The intent of the authors is that the subject case study will enable electrochemical scientists, engineers, and technologists to better understand the invention to patent application process.
Acyl-Protected Hydroxylamines as Spin Label Generators for EPR Brain Imaging (2002)

In a search for novel electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) brain imaging agents, we have designed and synthesized the acyl-protected hydroxylamines 1-acetoxy-4-methoxycarbonyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine (AMCPe), 1-acetoxy-3-methoxycarbonyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine (AMCPy), and 1-acetoxy-3-(acetoxymethoxy)carbonyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine (DACPy), in which both the ring size and the number of ester functions were varied. In all of them, the nitroxide was first reduced and the resultant hydroxylamine was then protected with an acetyl group. These compounds are lipophilic, which is a major prerequisite for blood-brain barrier penetration. Once in the brain, esterases and oxidants quickly convert these derivatives into ionic, water-soluble radicals and thus EPR detectable species that then reside in the central nervous system for periods of time sufficient for detection and imaging. The biological relevancy of these new compounds in mice has been assessed, and their biodistribution patterns have been compared. The five-membered ring derivative AMCPy emerged as a potent EPR brain imaging agent while the other two derivatives, AMCPe and DACPy, were quite ineffective.
VLSI Node Processor Architecture for Ethernet (1983)

The VLSI Ethernet controller chips are discussed from a designer's viewpoint. Their method of operation is explained and design tradeoffs are presented with concentration placed on memory response requirements, memory location options relative to the VLSI devices, and the effects of FIFO depth on performance. A "common sense" architecture for an Ethernet node processor with application to many classes of Ethernet nodes is suggested to conclude the paper.
Expert Systems (2015)

Abstract Expert systems mimic the problem‐solving activity of human experts in specialized domains by capturing and representing expert knowledge. Expert systems include a knowledge base, an inference engine that derives conclusions from the knowledge, and a user interface. Knowledge may be stored as if‐then rules, orusing other formalisms such as frames and predicate logic. Uncertain knowledge may be represented using certainty factors, Bayesian networks, Dempster‐Shafer belief functions, or fuzzy sets. Methods of knowledge acquisition include interviewing, analysis of past records of expert decisions, and observation of experts engaged in their natural activity. An expert system shell is a commercially available programming environment that allows the entry of domain knowledge in the form of rules. Expert system shells enable end‐user computing, where skilled professionals, such as engineers and scientists, can encode their own knowledge into software. Expert systems are widely used in businesses to perform tasks ranging from diagnosis of manufacturing processes to credit approval by credit card companies.
Translational neurophysiological biomarkers of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor dysfunction in serine racemase knockout mice (2020)

Abstract Alterations in glutamatergic function are well established in schizophrenia (Sz), but new treatment development is hampered by the lack of translational pathophysiological and target engagement biomarkers as well as by the lack of animal models that recapitulate the pathophysiological features of Sz. Here, we evaluated the rodent auditory steady state response (ASSR) and long-latency auditory event-related potential (aERP) as potential translational markers. These biomarkers were assessed for their sensitivity to both the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist phencyclidine (PCP) and to knock-out (KO) of Serine Racemase (SR), which is known to lead to Sz-like alterations in function of parvalbumin (PV)-type cortical interneurons. Both PCP and SRKO led to significant increases of ASSR, consistent with PV interneuron effects. Similar effects were observed in mice with selective NMDAR KO on PV interneurons. By contrast, PCP but not SRKO reduced the amplitude of the rodent analog of the human N1 potential. Overall, these findings support use of rodent ASSR and long-latency aERP, along with previously described measures such as mismatch negativity (MMN), as translational biomarkers, and support SRKO mice as a potential rodent model for PV interneuron dysfunction in Sz.