gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient Synthesis and Cytotoxic Activity of Some Symmetrical Disulfides Derived from the Quinolin‐4(1H)‐one Skeleton (2009)

Abstract The preparation of novel organic disulfides containing the 2‐(substituted phenyl)quinolin‐4(1 H )‐one ring is described. The synthesis starts from thioanthranilic acid esterified with various bromoacetophenones. Cyclization of the resulting phenacyl thioanthranilates in trifluoroacetic acid afforded a mixture of 2‐(substituted phenyl)‐3‐sulfanylquinolin‐4(1 H )‐ones and 3,3′‐disulfanediylbis[2‐(substituted phenyl)quinolin‐4(1 H )‐ones]. Heating of the mixture in o ‐xylene gave 3,3′‐disulfanediylbis[2‐(substituted phenyl)quinolin‐4(1 H )‐ones]of high purity. The disulfides exhibited a significant in vitro cytotoxicity against various cancer cell lines including polyresistant subclones. The data obtained are reported and discussed.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Molecular Engineering for Solar Energy Conversion and Lighting Materials (2015)

Photo-induced energy transferenergy transfer and electron transferelectron transfer, together with luminescence phenomena, are basic physical processes that play a key role for several applications in everyday technologies, from solar panels to smartphone displays. Our group performs fundamental research on solar energy conversion and lighting, focusing on the design, preparation, and characterization of suitably engineered molecules, metal complexes, supramolecular arrays, and nanomaterials. Herein, some of our recent results in these fields will be briefly illustrated, with particular emphasis on (1) multicomponent systems containing electron donors and acceptors that mimic the fundamental processes of natural photosynthesis and (2) iridium(III) and copper(I) luminescent metal complexes that can be utilized as active materials in light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs), an alternative device concept with respect to organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs).
Interaction event network modeling based on temporal point process (2021)

Interaction event networks, which consist of interaction events among a set of individuals, exist in many areas from social, biological to financial applications. The individuals on networks interact with each other for several possible reasons, such as periodic contact or reply to former interactions. Regarding these interaction events as expectations based on previous interactions is crucial for understanding the underlying network and the corresponding dynamics. Usually, any change on individuals of the network will reflect on the pattern of their interaction events. However, the causes and expressed patterns for interaction events on networks have not been properly considered in network models. This article proposes a dynamic model for interaction event networks based on the temporal point process, which aims to incorporate the impact from historical interaction events on later interaction events considering both network structure and node connections. A network representation learning method is developed to learn the interaction event processes. The proposed interaction event network model also provides a convenient representation of the rate of interaction events for any pair of sender–receiver nodes on the network and therefore facilitates monitoring such event networks by summarizing these pairwise rates. Both simulation experiments and experiments on real-world data validate the effectiveness of the proposed model and the corresponding network representation learning algorithm.
Assessing Usability for Input Operation using Frequency Components of Eye-movements (2009)

Dynamic usability-testing is required for the improvement of various Human-Computer interactive systems. This paper examines the indices of assessing usability using the frequency spectrum of eye-movements up to four Hz. An input operational task experiment was conducted using a mouse (Mouse), a keyboard (KeyBD) and a keypad (KeyPAD), and the conventional subjective system usability measurements (SU-scores) and error rates were measured. Most power spectrum densities (PSD) for eye-movements in the first second of the experiment followed the same order of the SU-scores or error rates. Cross spectrum densities (CSD) between horizontal and vertical eye-movements and coherence as standardized CSD also significantly correlate with the results of the SU-scores and error rates. To determine the frequency range of CSD and coherence for usability assessment, frequency components used as factors were extracted using factor analysis. According to the correlation coefficients between these and the performance of factor scores for predicting the conventional metrics, factor scores of CSD can be better indices for assessing usability than can indices of coherence.
The immunity to RF interference of a CAN system (1993)

A Rover 820Si equipped with a controller area network (CAN) was tested for radio frequency susceptibilities in the EMC chamber at Rover Gaydon Test Centre. The car was configured in turn with two different types of twisted pair wire and a flat pair for the CAN data bus. Each type of wire was tested in the chamber at a range of frequencies and with various antenna positions. The CAN data was collected and stored on a commercially available PC based network analyzer for later analysis. The author describes the method of preparation and testing of this vehicle, with an overview of the results of this test which are very encouraging for the future of CAN.
Molecular Complexes of Boron Trifluoride with some Formyl Compounds, HCOX (X = H, CH3, NH2, OH, F): Effect of Substitution, and Extension to X = Li, BeH and BH2 (2018)

The complexes formed between boron trifluoride and formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, formamide, formic acid and formyl fluoride have been studied by means of ab initio calculations at the second order level of Moller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP2), using Dunning’s aug-cc-pVTZ basis sets. The structures, the interaction energies, the perturbations of the vibrational spectra and the charge transfers occurring on complexation, both of the BF3 and of the base moieties, have been determined and the variations in these properties have been rationalized in relation to the nature of the X fragments (X = H, CH3, NH2, OH, F). The calculations have been extended to include the putative complexes between BF3 and the presently unknown compounds HCOLi, HCOBeH and HCOBH2, in order to complete the range of formyl compound bases with heteroatoms across the whole of the first row of the periodic table.Keywords: Ab initio calculations, boron trifluoride, molecular complexes, structures, energies, vibrational spectra
Hybrid Digital Pre-Distortion for Active Phased Arrays Subject to Varied Power and Steering Angle (2022)

This letter proposes a memory polynomial (MPM)-aided deep neural network (DNN) digital pre-distortion (MaD-DPD) method for active phased arrays (APAs) subject to varied input power and steering angle. This has been challenging for traditional array linearization methods using either MPM or DNN, which rely on the in-phase and quadrature-phase (I/Q) signal as input and output to derive model parameters. In comparison, the proposed method actively incorporates MPM and DNNs to achieve linearization. The model uses only two varied APA state parameters (input power and steering angle) as input and the MPM coefficients as regression target, eliminating the need for model parameter updating. The MaD-DPD method is validated using a four-by-four antenna array at 28 GHz with 21 input power levels and a broad range of steering angles from −78° to 78°, improving up to 13.16% in error vector magnitude (EVM) and 18.21 dBc in adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR).
Pollution: Nonpoint Source (2020)

The biosphere is a life-supporting system to the living organisms. The detection of hazardous compounds in Antarctica, where these compounds were never used or no man has ever lived before, indicates how serious is the problem of long-range atmospheric transport and deposition of non-point-source pollution. This ubiquitous pollution has had a global effect on our soils, which in turn has been affecting their biological health and productivity.
Massive growth of a meningioma into the brachial plexus and thoracic cavity after intraspinal and supraclavicular resection (2002)

Extracranial meningiomas comprise approximately 2% of all meningiomas. Involvement of peripheral nerves by meningioma, either by a primary tumor or through secondary extension of an intraaxial lesion, is a much rarer entity; there have been only two reported primary brachial plexus meningiomas and one description of secondary involvement of the brachial plexus by extension of an intraaxial lesion. Although thoracic cavity meningiomas have been described in the literature, their pathogenesis is poorly understood. The authors present the case report of a 36-year-old man who was initially treated for a thoracic spinal meningioma that infiltrated the brachial plexus. After resection, progressive and massive growth with infiltration of the brachial plexus and pleural cavity occurred over a 5-year period despite radio- and chemotherapy. The case report is followed by a review of the literature of this rare entity.
Bacterial nanowires: conductive as silicon, soft as polymer (2011)

It was recently discovered that Shewanella oneidensis MR-1, a dissimilatory metal-reducing bacterium, can grow electrically conductive extracellular appendages. Such bacterial nanowires, as they are termed, function as electron-transfer conduits to far-field electron acceptors or among neighbouring cells. A recent advance in the field was the characterization of bacterial nanowires' resistivity along their length, which is on the order of 1 Ω cm. This finding has motivated the exploration of their potential use in biofuel cells, bionanoelectronics and other bionanodevices. Along with conductivity measurements, it is also important to characterize the nature of these nanowires and their mechanical properties. In this work, we have confirmed the nature of these nanowires is protein. In addition, we have investigated the elasticity of bacterial nanowires using two independent atomic force microscopy techniques: (i) real-time elastic modulus mapping by AFM HarmoniX using T-shaped cantilevers with an offset tip and (ii) conventional AFM nanoindentation by force–distance curve fitting based on Hertz model. Results from both techniques demonstrated that the Young's modulus of bacterial nanowires is on the order of 1 GPa. This work inspires us with new applications of bacterial nanowires: with electrical conductivity comparable to that of moderately doped inorganic semiconductors and elasticity similar to polymeric materials, bacterial nanowires can function as electron-transfer conduits for biofuel cells and building blocks for bionanoelectronics and flexible nanoelectronics.
Effect of post deposition annealing on the optical properties of HfOxNy films (2006)

We report in this letter that Hafnium oxynitride (HfOxNy) gate dielectrics were prepared by radio frequency (RF) reactive magnetron sputtering and optical properties of the HfOxNy thin films were investigated by spectroscopic ellipsometry with photon energy of 0.75–6.5eV at room temperature. The investigations showed that the annealing temperatures have a strong effect on the optical properties of HfOxNy thin films. With increased annealing temperature, the refractive index n is observed to increase, while the extinction coefficient k decreases, respectively. The changes of the complex dielectric functions and the optical band gap Eg with the annealing temperature are also discussed.
Solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells based on ZnO nanocrystals (2010)

We report on the development of solution-processed ZnO-based dye-sensitized solar cells. We fabricate mesoporous ZnO electrodes from sol-gel processed nanoparticles, which are subsequently sensitized with conventional ruthenium complexes and infiltrated with the solid-state hole transporter medium 2, 2', 7, 7'-tetrakis-(N, N-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)-9, 9'-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD). Starting from ZnO nanorods synthesized from solution, we investigate the porous ZnO film morphology using various precursor formulations. The nature of the polymeric additive used in the initial ZnO formulation, as well as the ZnO electrode sintering treatment, is varied and its influence on device performance and charge dynamics, probed by transient perturbation techniques, is discussed. We show that using ethyl-cellulose in the initial ZnO formulation is responsible for an improved dye loading on the ZnO porous electrode, while a gradual sintering step at 350 degrees C is suitable for the proper removal of the organic phases that can be found in the ZnO films after their deposition by spin-coating. Using only 800 nm thick porous ZnO electrodes sensitized by N719, the best performing device exhibits a short-circuit current density of 2.43 mA cm(-2) under simulated solar emission of (100 mW cm(-2)), associated with an overall power conversion efficiency of 0.50%.
Kink Bands in Form II of Syndiotactic Polypropylene (1997)

Samples of highly syndiotactic polypropylene (s-PP), when quench precipitated from solution, have an X-ray diffraction spectrum close to that calculated for the limit-ordered C2221 form II of s-PP. The solid state 13C NMR CP MAS spectrum shows, however, evidences of the presence of a significant amount (≈20%) of long portions of chains in trans planar conformation (TT)n immobilized between crystal regions with chains in (TTGG)n conformation. It is shown that form II of s-PP is geometrically suitable for the formation of kink bands, in which portions of chains in trans planar conformation are embedded: atomic coordinates can be deduced for a simplified statistical model of disordered crystal assumed to be periodic in the two directions perpendicular to the (TTGG) helical stretches. All gauche bonds have the same sign (G+ or G-) in the disordered crystal. Formulas may be written for the calculation of the X-ray diffraction of such crystals. The X-ray diffraction pattern calculated for a set of small, partially disordered C2221 crystals comprising portions of chains which have statistically approximately six consecutive trans bonds in the kink bands every 20−30 monomeric units, as in the ratio indicated by the NMR spectra, is in good agreement with the experimental pattern.
A dynamic-range-improved 2.4GHz WLAN class-E PA combining PWPM and cascode modulation (2012)

A dynamic-range-improved class-E power amplifier (PA) is achieved via combining cascode modulation and pulse-width pulse-position modulation (PWPM). PWPM can avoid the need of supply modulator yielding better power efficiency than the classical techniques. The key pitfall of PWPM is the fact that a high-frequency narrow pulse can be swallowed by the pulse driver, showing zero output when the signal is of a small amplitude. Such a problem is solved by combining PWPM with the cascode modulation. The PWPM is to serve the master mode when the pulse width is sufficiently wide. When the pulse width is adequately narrow, the PA switches to the slave mode, which utilizes an analog control voltage to drive up the cascode device. Such a combined structure results in a high dynamic range. A 2.4GHz WLAN class-E PA is designed in 65nm CMOS to verify the structure. Together with a digital predistortion scheme for AM-AM and AM-PM compensation, the PA exhibits an EVM of 0.55% with an average output power of 21dBm under an OFDM 64-QAM input. The average power-added efficiency is 27%.
Identifying Opportunities to Increase the Throughput of Kidney Paired Donation (2015)

Despite the success of KPD, by analyzing the matching process, we identify several strategies to increase the number of KPD transplantations, including recruiting more participants, processing the match offers more quickly at the transplant center level, enhancing the donor preselection tools, improving communication between centers and the registries, and combining desensitization with KPD.
Association Between Statin Use and Cardiovascular Events After Carotid Artery Revascularization (2018)

Background Statins are commonly used for the prevention of cardiovascular events; however, statins are underutilized in patients with noncoronary atherosclerosis. We sought to establish the rates of statin use in patients with carotid artery disease and to examine the association between statin therapy and outcomes after carotid revascularization. Methods and Results In this population-level retrospective cohort study, we identified all individuals aged ≥66 years who underwent carotid endarterectomy or stenting in Ontario, Canada (2002-2014). The primary outcome was a composite of 1-year stroke, myocardial infarction, or death (major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events). Five-year risks were also examined. Adjusted hazard ratios were computed using inverse probability of treatment weighting based on propensity scores. A total of 7893 of 10 723 patients (73.6%) who underwent carotid revascularization were on preprocedural statin therapy; moderate- or high-dose therapy was utilized by 7384 patients (68.9%). The composite rate of 1-year major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events was lower among statin users (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.76; 95% confidence interval, 0.70-0.83). Patients who were on persistent long-term statin therapy after the carotid procedure continued to experience significantly lower risk of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events at 5 years (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.75, 95% confidence interval, 0.71-0.80). The beneficial associations with statin use were observed regardless of type of carotid revascularization procedure, carotid artery symptom status, or statin dose. Conclusions Continuous statin therapy was associated with a 25% lower risk of long-term adverse cardiovascular events in patients with significant carotid disease. Along with other supportive evidence, statins should be considered in patients undergoing carotid revascularization, and efforts are required to increase statin use in this undertreated population.
Genotypic and phenotypic comparisons of de novo and acquired melphalan resistance in an isogenic multiple myeloma cell line model. (2003)

Cancer cell adhesion confers a transient, de novo drug-resistant phenotype referred to as cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance (CAM-DR). In this report, we extend the CAM-DR phenotype to primary specimens from patients with myeloma, providing further evidence that CAM-DR is a viable clinical form of drug resistance. To examine mechanisms of cellular resistance to melphalan, we compared genotypic and phenotypic profiles of acquired and de novo melphalan resistance in an isogenic human myeloma cell line. Acquired melphalan resistance (8226/LR5) was associated with decreased drug-induced DNA damage and a complex gene expression profile showing that genes involved in the Fanconi anemia DNA repair pathway are increased in the LR5 cells compared with drug-sensitive or adherent cells. In contrast, cells adhered to fibronectin accumulate similar amounts of DNA damage compared with drug-sensitive cells but are protected from melphalan-induced mitochondrial perturbations and caspase activation. Levels of the proapoptotic protein Bim were significantly reduced in adherent cells. Gene expression changes associated with de novo resistance were significantly less complex compared with acquired resistance, but a significant overlap in gene expression was noted involving cholesterol synthesis. We propose that myeloma cell adhesion promotes a form of de novo drug resistance by protecting cells from melphalan-induced cytotoxic damage and that this transient protection allows cells to acquire a more permanent and complex drug resistance phenotype associated with a reduction in drug induced DNA damage.
Influence of Surface Properties and Impact Conditions on Insect Residue Adhesion (2015)

Airflow over airfoils used on current commercial aircraft transitions from laminar to turbulent at relatively low chord positions. As a result, drag increases, requiring more thrust to maintain flight. An airfoil with increased laminar flow would experience reduced drag and a lower fuel burn rate. One of the objectives of NASA's Environmentally Responsible Aviation project is to identify and demonstrate technologies that will enable more environmentally friendly commercial aircraft. While more aerodynamically efficient airfoil shapes can be designed, surface contamination from ice, dirt, pollen, runway debris, and insect residue can degrade performance.
Scattering of diffuse photon density waves by spherical inhomogeneities within turbid media: analytic solution and applications. (1994)

We present an analytic solution for the scattering of diffuse photon density waves by spherical inhomogeneities within turbid media. The analytic result is compared to experimental measurements. Close agreement between theory and experiment permits the use of the theory to determine the properties of unknown sphere-like objects embedded in turbid media. The analytic solution is extended to encompass several problems of practical interest in imaging, including the influence of multiple sources, multiple objects, and boundaries on the characterization of spherical inhomogeneities. We also extend the solution to encompass time-domain measurements.
Das repetitive Muskelantwortpotential bei neuromuskulärer Übertragungsstörung durch Hemmung der Azetylcholinesterase (1988)

Neuromuscular transmission was studied in 11 patients with organophosphate intoxication. The compound muscle action potential (MAP) was recorded from the thumb after single, repetitive (1-50 Hz) and paired stimulation. All patients showed a prolonged MAP. The duration increased with the severity of intoxication. The number of peaks varied only slightly. In all cases repetitive stimulation reduced the later components of the MAP. There was no correlation with tetanic fade of the initial negative component. One patient had a pronounced tetanic fade but a slight reduction of repetitive components.
Sensory Mechanism of Oxygen Sensor FixL. (2001)

FixL is a sensor histidine kinase of the two component system, which regulates the expression of the genes related to nitrogen fixation in the root nodule in response to the O2 levels. The crystal structure of the sensor domain of FixL, which contains a heme as a sensing site, was determined at 1.4 Å resolution. Based on the structure, we propose the O2 sensing mechanism: conformational changes in the distal side of the heme, which are induced by steric repulsion between the bent-bound O2 and the Ile209 side chain, would be transmitted to the histidine kinase domain. Our mechanism permits FixL to serve a real oxygen sensor, which can distinguish bent-bound O2 to other liner-bound ligands.
Development of a 1U CubeSat as Part of a 3x1U Constellation (2017)

In the fall of 2016, the NASA Science Mission Directorate, working with the Virginia Space Grant Consortium, initiated the development of three 1U CubeSats by undergraduate students at universities representing the Commonwealth of Virginia. The University of Virginia, Old Dominion University, Virginia Tech, and Hampton University, were chosen to construct CubeSats for flight in May of 2018. The mission has three primary goals: to educate students by providing hands-on experience, to measure orbital decay on a constellation of low earth orbit (LEO) satellites, and to evaluate and demonstrate a system for the communication of relative and absolute spacecraft position. In this paper, we will describe the details of the mission itself, the science behind the mission, and the structure of the mission that was established to accomplish its goals. We will also provide a review of the hardware used by the mission, the software that exists so far, information about the thermal modelling of the CubeSats, the radio system, and environmental considerations. We hope that this paper will serve as a summary of the mission for those who are not familiar with it, as well as an internal document for describing what we have achieved by this stage of development.