gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Program Analysis Tools in Automated Grading of Homework Assignments (2018)

With surging enrollment in Computer Science courses at both the introductory and advanced level, it is critical to leverage automated testing and grading to ensure consistent assessment of student learning. Program analysis tools allow us to streamline the grading process so instructors and TAs can spend more time teaching, one-on-one tutoring, and mentoring students. We present complex use cases of automated assignment testing and grading within the open-source homework submission system, Submitty. Students receive immediate and detailed feedback from the automated grader, and can resubmit to correct errors. Submitty uses custom-built grading tools, including difference checking of plaintext program output, instructor authored assignment-specific custom graders, and static analysis tools that reason about program structure. In addition, it employs a variety of external tools, including version control (Git and SVN), unit testing frameworks (JUnit), memory debugging tools (Valgrind and DrMemory), and code coverage tools (Emma). In this poster we describe our experience with memory debugging and code coverage tools, and outline plans to include immutability inference and verification.
Generation and detection of tailored high-field mid-infrared waveforms with sub-cycle precision (2014)

We review our methods for shaping of high-field multi-THz transients by means of complementary techniques of time-domain slicing and frequency-domain synthesis. In the first approach, mid-infrared waveforms are manipulated by slicing the pulse duration down to a single-cycle regime while maintaining peak field amplitude of 10 MV/cm. In the second approach, functional mid-infrared transients with controlled polar asymmetry are demonstrated. Access to these waveforms offers a robust experimental platform for investigation of fundamental light-matter interactions in novel condensed matter systems.
Utilizing Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DCE-MRI) to Analyze Interstitial Fluid Flow and Transport in Glioblastoma and the Surrounding Parenchyma in Human Patients (2021)

An analysis of standard DCE-MRI in patients with GBM offers more information regarding IFF and transport within and around the tumor, shows that IFF is still detected post-resection, and indicates that velocity magnitudes correlate with patient prognosis.
[Should the injured spleen be preserved?]. (1986)

Splenectomy is primarily followed by reduced defence against infection due to encapsulated bacteria, such as pneumococci. Organ preservation, therefore, has been emphasised in the treatment of traumatic rupture of the spleen, especially when it comes to patients in childhood. There are several practicable approaches to orthotopic preservation of the spleen, including conservative treatment of patients for smallest ruptures under stringent clinical control and, even more, fibrin sealing. Growth in accurate knowledge of the segmental structure of the spleen have enabled partial removal of the organ along the poorly vascularised intersegmental regions. Autologous transplantation of splenic pulp into the major omentum should be considered an alternative to splenectomy alone in strictly selected cases of massive splenic rupture.
Einfluß von Polyoxyäthylen‐Addukten auf die antibakterielle‐Aktivität von Antibiotika. 4. Mitt. über die Bedeutung oberflächenaktiver Substanzen bei der Herstellung von Arzneizubereitungen (1962)

Abstract Über Art und Ausmaß einer Beeinflussung von Antibiotika durch nichtionogene Netzer (Polyoxyäthylen‐Addukte**) bestehen beträchtliche Unsicherheiten. Die in der Literatur verzeichneten Wechselwirkungen lassen keine einheitlichen Schlußfolgerungen zu : Steigerung der antibiotischen Aktivität von Bacitracin erfolgt nach C. A. Bruce und L. Mitchell 1 ) durch Polyoxyäthylen‐sorbitanoleat. Demgegenüber beobachten O. Fenner 2 ) sowie G. Gilissen 3 ), daß die Tyrothricin‐Wirksamkeit durch ansteigende Konzentrationen von Polyoxyäthylen‐sorbitanoleat zunehmende Einbuße erleidet. Polyoxyäthyliertes Rizinusöl hat wiederum auf die meisten von H. Olberg 4 ) untersuchten Antibiotika keinen Einfluß; nur in einigen Fällen wird Aktivierung, gelegentlich Minderung der Aktivität festgestellt.
A comparative time-resolved CW EPR and FT EPR investigation of the addition of 2-hydroxy-2-propyl radicals to acrylate and methacrylate monomersDedicated to Professor Frank Wilkinson on the occasion of his retirement. (2002)

The addition of 2-hydroxy-2-propyl radicals to n-butyl acrylate and n-butyl methacrylate has been investigated by time-resolved continuous wave electron paramagnetic resonance (TR CW EPR) and time-resolved Fourier transform electron paramagnetic resonance (TR FT EPR). The 2-hydroxy-2-propyl radicals were generated by the photolysis of acetone in propan-2-ol (through hydrogen abstraction) and by the photolysis of a ketone 5 (through α-cleavage). The TR CW and TR FT spectra were experimentally equivalent for the addition of 2-hydroxy-2-propyl radicals to n-butyl acrylate to produce 3a. However, there are distinct differences between the TR CW and TR FT spectra for the addition of 2-hydroxy-2-propyl radicals to n-butyl methacrylate which produces the radical adduct 4a. In particular, a number of hyperfine lines clearly present in the TR CW spectra are much weaker in, or are absent from, the TR FT spectra. The differences in the TR CW and TR FT spectra are attributed to hindered rotation, which is important in the spectrum of the adduct of 2-hydroxy-2-propyl radicals to n-butyl methacrylate (4a), but not in the spectrum of the adduct of 2-hydroxy-2-propyl radicals to n-butyl acrylate (3a). The hindered rotation is shown to selectively shorten the spin–spin relaxation time, T2, for certain hyperfine lines in the spectrum of 4a, resulting in broadening or disappearance of these lines and explaining the differences between the TR CW and TR FT spectra.
The fast and slow extension of some plastic materials (1943)

R. N. Haward, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1943, 39, 267 DOI: 10.1039/TF9433900267
Evaluation of Single Phase Flow in Microchannels for High Flux Chip Cooling: Thermohydraulic Performance Enhancement and Fabrication Technology (2004)

The increased circuit density on today’s computer chips is reaching the heat dissipation limits for air-cooled technology. Direct liquid cooling of chips is being considered as a viable alternative. This paper reviews liquid cooling in terms of technological options and challenges. The possibilities presented herein indicate a four-to ten-fold increase in heat flux over the air-cooled systems. The roadmap for single-phase cooling technology is presented to identify research opportunities in meeting the cooling demands of future IC chips. The use of three-dimensional microchannels that incorporate either microstructures in the channel of grooves in the channel surfaces may lead to enhancement in single-phase cooling. A simplified fabrication process is described that can build both classes of three-dimensional microchannels. Proof-of-concept microchannels are presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the fabrication process.
Analysis of the T cell receptor in the lymphoproliferative disease of granular lymphocytes: superantigen activation of clonal CD3+ granular lymphocytes. (1995)

To investigate whether cell populations in CD3+ lymphoproliferative disease of granular lymphocytes (LDGLs) were skewed toward the use of specific V beta regions, we studied the repertoire of T-cell receptor (TCR) V beta gene products in 18 patients, as well as their relationship to the clonal bands in the Southern blot and the activation mediated by superantigens. Using a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for conserved V beta segments and PCR, a dominant population expressing a specific V beta region was demonstrated in all patients. In five (27%) cases, granular lymphocytes (GLs) were found to express the V beta 13.1, while V beta 8 and V beta 6 were each expressed in three (17%) cases. The remaining cases were characterized by the proliferation of TCR V beta 2, V beta 3, V beta 4, V beta 9, V beta 12, V beta 16, and V beta 20. This finding indicates a biased usage of a limited TCR V beta in LDGLs, since nearly 60% of the cases utilized only three families of the TCR V beta genes. In all of the cases studied, we proved that the subset recognized by mAb and PCR was identical to that accounting for the extra band(s) of the Southern blot. This finding confirms the clonal nature of the population identified according to TCR V beta expression both by phenotype and PCR. On functional grounds, we evaluated whether GLs can be activated through the specific TCR using the superantigens recognizing discrete V beta families, such as staphylococcal proteins, including SEA, SEB, SEC1, SEC2, SED, and SEE. We demonstrated that the TCR-alpha/beta of clonal GLs in LDGL patients is functionally active in delivering cytotoxic and proliferative signals upon superantigen activation.
Ferromagnesian postperovskite silicates in the D″ layer of the Earth (2004)

Natural olivine with 12 mol % Fe(2)SiO(4) and synthetic orthopyroxenes with 20% and 40% FeSiO(3) were studied beyond the pressure-temperature conditions of the core-mantle boundary. All samples were found to convert entirely or partially into the CaIrO(3) postperovskite structure, which was recently reported for pure MgSiO(3). The incorporation of Fe greatly reduces the pressure needed for the transition and establishes the new phase as the major component of the D'' layer. With the liquid core as an unlimited reservoir of iron, core-mantle reactions could further enrich the iron content in this phase and explain the intriguing seismic signatures observed in the D'' layer.
Analysis and design of Kemp-type 3-dB quadrature couplers (1990)

An analysis is presented of the 3-dB quadrature coupler of Kemp et al. (Electron Lett., vol.19, p.197-9, March 1983), and a table of element values is given. It is shown that the Kemp approach overcomes the tight coupling problem associated with the method of E.G. Cristal and L. Young (IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol.13, no.9, p.544-58, 1965), but there is a severe bandwidth contraction penalty. It is also shown that the use of interconnection lines sufficiently long to reduce cross-coupling causes an unacceptable degradation in coupling performance. Although the technique provides a useful increase in bandwidth over that obtainable from a single-section coupler, it is suggested that the tandem multisection method is more suitable for decade bandwidths.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Targeted Chemical Modifications Identify Key Features of Carbohydrate Assemblies and Generate Tailored Carbohydrate Materials (2021)

The molecular level description of carbohydrate assemblies is hampered by their structural complexity and the lack of suitable analytical methods. Here, we employed systematic chemical modifications to identify key non-covalent interactions that triggered the supramolecular assembly of a disaccharide model. While some modifications disrupted the supramolecular organization, others were tolerated, delivering important information on the aggregation process. The screening identified new geometries, including nanotubes, and twisted ribbons that were characterized with electron tomography and electron diffraction (ED) methods. This work demonstrates that the combination of synthetic chemistry and ED methods is a powerful tool to draw correlations between the molecular structure and the nanoscale architecture of carbohydrate assemblies.
Synthesis of the Enantiomers of Some Methyl-branched Cuticular Hydrocarbons of the Ant, Diacamma sp. (2001)

The enantiomers of 3-methylpentacosane, 3-methylheptacosane, 3-methylnonacosane, 13-methylheptacosane, and 5-methylheptacosane were synthesized by starting from the enantiomers of 2-methylbutyl bromide or citronellol. These methyl-branched alkanes are the characteristic components of the cuticular hydrocarbons of queen of the ant, Diacamma sp..
Photodefinable microcomposites for antenna applications (2010)

EPON™ SU-8 is a negative-tone photoresist which has been extensively used in UV and Xray lithography for fabrication of various mechanical and optical structures. In this work SU-8 is studied as a polymer binder for antenna applications. It is reinforced with different weight percents of alumina (AI <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> ) micropowder. Up to 2 mm thick rectangular slabs are lithographically produced with optimized X-ray exposure dose and time. To measure the permittivity of the resulted materials, a new approach consisting of the multilayer microstrip theory and ring resonator technique is utilized. This method was found to be simple but satisfactorily precise and results in wideband dielectric constant measurement. The possibility of ultra-thick slab fabrication with flood exposure along with the measured permittivity of the photodefinable microcomposite materials reinforces the potential of direct fabrication of microwave and antenna devices using X-ray masks. As an example, dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) microcomposite structures are designed and fabricated with this method. The antennas are measured at millimeter-wave frequencies and show a wideband performance in a slot-coupled feeding structure.
Experimental Study on Chinese Athletes' Physical Distribution in Sanda Competition (2014)

Reasonable distribution of physical strength plays a very important role in adversary Sanda competition. According to the physical characteristics of Sanda athletes, this paper studied the physical distribution during Sanda competition. The results are as follows: a) If an athlete’s opponent is physically stronger, then he is not supposed to be recklessly but to take defense-oriented strategies. The athlete has to avoid the opponent’s heavy blow and seize the opportunity to accurately counterattack. b) If his physical strength is equal with the opponent’s, the athlete is supposed to maintain self-physical strength, and try to consume opponent physically. c) If the athlete is physically stronger, then he should actively attack, but not rampage. Two specific tactics are proposed: i) try to consume the opponent’s strength if the opponent is very easily excited or impetuous; ii) try to use defensive strategies if the opponent less attack.
Syntheses and Crystal Structures of the New Ternary Barium Halide Hydrides Ba2H3X (X = Cl or Br) (2007)

Single crystals of the isotypic hydrides Ba 2 H 3 X (X = Cl or Br) were obtained by solid-state reactions of Ba, NaCl, NaNH 2 and metallic Na, or Ba, NH4Br and Na, respectively, in sealed, silicajacketed stainless-steel ampoules. The crystal structures of the new compounds were determined by means of single crystal X-ray diffraction. Ba 2 H 3 Cl and Ba 2 H 3 Br crystallize in a stuffed anti CdI 2 structure and adopt the space group P3̄m1 (No. 164) with the lattice parameters a = 443.00(6), c = 723.00(14) pm and a = 444.92(4), c = 754.48(14) pm, respectively. The hydride positions are derived by crystallographic reasoning and with the help of EUTAX calculations. The results are compared with known data for binary and ternary alkaline earth metal hydrides.
Regulation of Maternal mRNAs in Early Development (2008)

Most sexually reproducing metazoans are anisogamous, meaning that the two gametes that combine during fertilization differ greatly in size. By convention, the larger gametes are considered female and are called ova, while the smaller gametes are male and are called sperm. In most cases, both gametes contribute similarly to the chromosomal content of the new organism. In contrast, the maternal gamete contributes nearly all of the cytoplasm. This cytoplasmic contribution is crucial to patterning early development; it contains the maternal proteins and transcripts that guide the early steps of development prior to the activation of zygotic transcription. This review compares and contrasts early development in common laboratory model organisms in order to highlight the similarities and differences in the regulation of maternal factors. We will focus on the production and reversible silencing of maternal mRNAs during oogenesis, their asymmetric activation after fertilization, and their subsequent clearance at the midblastula transition. Where possible, insights from mechanistic studies are presented.
Supplementary Tables 1-9 from Exome-Scale Discovery of Hotspot Mutation Regions in Human Cancer Using 3D Protein Structure (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Table S1: Hotspot regions identified by 3D HotMAPS and overlap with 1D HotMAPS algorithm. Table S2: Tumor-type specific hotspot regions identified by 3D HotMAPS, overlap with 1D HotMAPS, and charactersitic features with naïve bayes score. Table S3: Sample and coverage information for missense mutations mapping onto protein structures or models. Table S4: Genes with HotMAPS regions identified in TCGA tumor types without previous literature support. Table S5: Hotspot regions identified by the 1D algorithm only utilizing primary sequence. Table S6: Tumor-type specifc hotspot regions identified by the 1D algorithm only utilizing primary sequence. Table S7: Residues in 3D HotMAPS regions that overlap with UniProtKB annotations. Table S8: Contigency table of hotspot residues at protein-protein interfaces versus other mutated residues. Table S9: Blacklisted residues that have ambiguous mappings caused by tBLASTn.&lt;/p&gt;
Air-stable organic-based semiconducting room temperature thin film magnet for spintronics applications (2008)

Herein, we report on a preparation method of vanadium tetracyanoethylene, V(TCNE)x, an organic-based semiconducting room temperature thin film magnet. Previously, this compound has been reported to be extremely air sensitive but this preparation method leads to V(TCNE)x, which can retain its magnetic ordering at least several weeks in air. The electronic structure has been studied by photoelectron spectroscopy and the magnetic properties by superconducting quantum interference device. The properties mentioned above, in combination with complete spin polarization, makes this air-stable V(TCNE)x a very promising material for spintronic devices.
Comunicación de los resultados de la investigación observacional: análisis mediante la guía Strobe (2011)

Fundamento: En la publicación de la investigación biomédica se detectan deficiencias que han llevado a la aparición de guías cuyo seguimiento mejora la calidad de la comunicación. El objetivo del estudio es analizar el cumplimiento de los criterios de la Iniciativa Strobe para la publicación de estudios observacionales. Métodos: Análisis descriptivo transversal de los estudios observacionales de las áreas Cardiovascular y Metabolismo (CVM) publicados en 6 revistas españolas a lo largo de 2009 mediante la aplicación de los 34 puntos de la Iniciativa STROBE. Se describieron las frecuencias de las variables cualitativas y los estimadores muestrales y de dispersión de las variables cuantitativas. El análisis comparativo entre revistas se realizó mediante el test ANOVA (p<0,05). Resultados: En 2009 se publicaron 74 estudios observacionales en las revistas evaluadas. Los más frecuentes fueron estudios de cohortes 45 (60,8%) y transversales 28 (37,8%). En cuanto al objetivo principal, la mayoría fueron sobre patología 55 (74,3%), seguidos de fármacos e intervenciones no farmacológicas 15 (20,3%) y diagnóstico 4 (5,4%). La media de criterios cumplidos fue de 20 sobre 34 (DE±3,7), con un máximo de 24 (DE±2) en Gaceta Sanitaria y un mínimo de 19 (DE±2,8) en Hipertensión. Conclusiones: Solo algo más de la mitad de los artículos cumplían las recomendaciones de la Iniciativa STROBE. Los apartados de Resultados y Métodos fueron los que mostraron más carencias.
Adapting to climate change, the new Met Office Hadley Centre seasonal-to-decadal system (2009)

The Met Office Hadley Centre is developing a new generation of seasonal-to-decadal prediction systems around its latest climate model. Expected to become operational during 2009, the system will then be implemented in South Korea and India. The aim of this new system is twofold: 1) To facilitate adaptation to climate change by providing relevant and useful information about near-term (one month to ten years ahead) climate variability and change to end users 2) To facilitate end-to-end model development by bridging the gap between modelling communities (weather, climate, impacts) and end-users groups A description of the new system and examples of its use as part of adaptation strategies to climate change will be provided.
A flight study of tone radiation patterns generated by inlet rods ina small turbofan engine (1984)

This paper presents a flight study of tone radiation patterns from a small turbofan engine and compares results with similar static test stand data and a recently developed radiation theory. An interaction tone was produced by a circumferential array of inlet rods placed just upstream of the fan blades. Overhead and sideline flight directivity patterns showed cut-on of a dominant single mode occurred where predicted and the absence of any other significant circumferential or radial modes. In general, good agreement was found between measured flight and static data, with small differences being attributed to inlet geometry and/or forward speed effects. Good agreement was also obtained between flight data and theory for directivity pattern shape, however, the theory consistently predicted higher values for peak radiation angle over a wide range of frequency.
Discussion (2005)

New York, N.Y. Received for publication July 9, 2004. Robert W. Beasley, M.D., Department of Surgery, New York University Hand Service, New York, N.Y. 10016, [email protected]
Vertically Stacked and Independently Controlled Twin-Gate MOSFETs on a Single Si Nanowire (2011)

For the first time, we demonstrate the fabrication of two independently controlled gate-all-around MOSFETs on a single vertical silicon nanowire using CMOS process technology. The second gate is vertically stacked on top of the first gate without occupying additional area and thereby achieving true 3-D integration. The fabricated devices exhibit very low leakage, tunability in drain current, as well as “AND” gate functionality with 50% reduction in area for both n- and p-type MOSFETs. The twin-gate device structure is also promising for implementing other device types such as stacked SONOS memory and tunneling FET. We anticipate that our vertically integrated device architecture will provide unique opportunities for realizing ultra-dense CMOS logic on a single nanowire.
Welcome from The FAS Workshops Chairs (2016)

Presents the introductory welcome message from the conference proceedings. May include the conference officers' congratulations to all involved with the conference event and publication of the proceedings record.
[Bidirectional ventricular tachycardias]. (2003)

Bidirectional tachycardias are rare arrhythmias. Nevertheless in the sixties and seventies these arrhythmias prompted much work relating to their mechanism. Discussions about the supposed supra-ventricular origin of certain bidirectional tachycardias essentially rested on presumptive arguments based on electrocardiographic analysis. All the electrophysiological investigations which could be performed in tachycardia showed a ventricular origin. The current hypotheses concerning the electrophysiological mechanism favour non-unifocal mechanisms as well as a very diverse aetiology: an automatic focus, or the triggered activities being associated with alternating conduction, or re-entry between the left hemibranches. Although the classic context is of excess digitalis with advanced cardiopathy, readily in atrial fibrillation with a poor prognosis as a corollary, the most recent description of catecholergic ventricular tachycardias with the very characteristic appearance of bidirectional tachycardias justifies updating the understanding of these unusual tachycardias.