gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Detection of beta-lactamase-producing bacteria from female patients with acute uncomplicated cystitis]. (1987)

A total of 122 bacterial strains isolated from urine specimens of 113 female patients with acute uncomplicated cystitis were used for the study of beta-lactamase production and their susceptibility to various antimicrobial agents was determined. Beta-Lactamase activity was qualitatively determined by a paper strip acidimetric method with benzylpenicillin as substrate and by chromogenic cephalosporin methods using pyridine-2-azo-p-dimethylaniline cephalosporin or nitrocefin as substrate. Susceptibility to antimicrobial agents, including ampicillin, carbenicillin, cephalexin, cephalothin, gentamicin, minocycline, fosfomycin, pipemidic acid and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim was examined by a disc method. The beta-lactamase-producing strains detected by at least one of the three tests were found in 18 of 105 Escherichia coli isolates and in the single strain of Enterobacter cloacae dermidis, 3 Enterococcus faecalis and 1 Staphylococcus aureus produced beta-lactamase. The isolation rate of strains resistant to ampicillin, carbenicillin and cephalothin in the beta-lactamase-producing strains was significantly higher than that in the non-beta-lactamase-producing strains (p less than 0.01). These results suggest that beta-lactamase plays an important role in developing resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics in patients with uncomplicated urinary tract infection as well as complicated infection.
TRANSPLANT IMMUNOSUPPRESSION INCREASES AND PROLONGS TRANSGENE EXPRESSION IN ADENOVIRAL-MEDIATED TRANSFECTION OF RAT LUNGS (1998)

65 Gene therapy provides the potential to modify donor organs to better withstand the process of transplantation, but this has yet to be realized. In vivo gene transfer using adenoviral vectors has had limited success due to a host immune response inducing inflammation and limiting both the amount and duration of transgene expression. By administering triple-immunosuppression, as is routine in lung transplantation, we hypothesized that transgene expression could be increased and prolonged. Male Lewis rats were transfected intratracheally with adenovirus containing the β-galactosidase gene and then randomly assigned to either the Immunosuppression group, receiving daily cyclosporine, azathioprine, and methylprednisolone, or the Control group, receiving no immunosuppression. At selected time points ranging from 1 day to 5 weeks, rats were randomly selected from both groups for sacrifice and evaluation of transgene expression both quantitatively by cellular chemiluminescence assay and qualitatively by chromogenic staining. While control rats showed relatively low levels of transgene expression, which rapidly decreased to non-detectable levels, immunosuppressed rats demonstrated overall significantly higher levels of transgene expression (p<0.0005), peaking at almost 3 times that of the control group (p<0.05), and showing prolonged and elevated transgene expression at 5 weeks (p<0.05) by both quantitative and qualitative measures. Transplant-level immunosuppression, therefore, provides the means to attenuate the severe immune response which has previously limited effective gene transfection. Improved outcomes in lung transplantation, through enhanced and prolonged genetic modification, may now be possible. These findings may also provide the foundation for enhancing gene therapy strategies in other forms of organ transplantation. FigureFigure
The prior infection with SARS-CoV-2 study (PICOV) in nursing home residents and staff - study protocol description and presentation of preliminary findings on symptoms. (2021)

We can postulate that COVID-19 disease development and symptomatology are different between a geriatric and younger population. Therefore, the occurrence and severity of a future ILI and/or ARI might vary from resident to staff.
Comparison of serological specificity of anti-endotoxin sera directed against whole bacterial cells and core oligosaccharide of Escherichia coli J5-tetanus toxoid conjugate. (2002)

The rough mutants of Gram-negative bacteria are widely used to induce protective antisera but the nature of the target epitope for such antibodies is not precisely defined. Endotoxin is one of several antigens present on the surface of bacterial cells, which are able to elicit specific antibodies. We studied the specificity of antibodies produced against a conjugate of E. coli J5 endotoxin core oligosaccharide with tetanus toxoid. The use of chemically defined antigen for immunisation excludes the possibility of production of antibodies against other cell surface antigens. A comparison of this monospecific anti-endotoxin serum with antiserum against E. coli J5 whole cells was performed in order to distinguish the role that endotoxin core oligosaccharide plays in the interaction with humoral host defences from that of other potentially important Gram-negative bacterial surface antigens. The reactivity of both sera with smooth and rough lipopolysaccharides was determined in ELISA, immunoblotting and by flow cytometry. Both antisera reacted with similar specificity with most lipopolysaccharides of identical or related core type. Less distinct reactions with endotoxins of the antibacterial serum in comparison with the anti-conjugate serum were found in all serological tests. LPS of E. coli O100 that showed the strongest reactions with both sera was used to stimulate IL-6, TNFalpha and nitric oxide production by the J-774A.1 cell line. Both sera were used to inhibit that stimulation and no inhibitory effects of the examined sera in comparison with non-immune serum were observed.
Silicon resonant angular rate sensor using electromagnetic excitation and capacitive detection (1995)

A new silicon resonant angular rate sensor is presented. The sensor consists of a packaged glass-silicon-glass structure and is made by a batch-fabrication process. The sensor is a tuning fork with both sides suspended by torsion bars. Electromagnetic excitation and capacitive detection are used. The applied angular rate generates the Coriolis' force and the resonator starts torsional vibration around the torsion bars. The test device shows a sensitivity of 0.7 fF sec/deg. In this paper, the working principles, fabrication process, and simulated and measured outputs of the sensor are described. The scaling rule of the angular rate sensor are also considered.
The Global Control of Tuberculosis: What are the Prospects? (2001)

Tuberculosis (TB) still imposes a huge burden of ill health, premature death and emotional suffering on the developing world. Over the past 30 y it has been greatly neglected by those concerned about international public health and there are now nearly 8 million new cases annually and 1.86 million deaths. An epidemic of HIV-associated TB is now affecting Africa and threatening parts of Asia. Multidrug-resistant TB has emerged as a huge threat in Russia and its former satellites. However, with the advent of the directly observed treatment, short-course (DOTS) strategy in 1995, high-burden countries have started to seriously address the problem. Recent political commitment on the part of the rich nations, together with significant increases in funding from private foundations and great scientific advances in our understanding of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, give rise to cautious optimism that TB will be controlled during this century.
Simultaneous two-photon activation of presynaptic cells and calcium imaging in postsynaptic dendritic spines (2011)

This new method will be a powerful tool for clarifying the microarchitecture of synaptic connections, including the positional and structural characteristics of dendritic spines along the dendrites.
Endocrinology: High ovarian response in Yoruba African women during ovulation induction for assisted conception (1994)

Fertile Yoruba women from western Nigeria have a much higher incidence of naturally conceived multizygotic twin and triplet pregnancies than Caucasians. The objective of the present study was to determine whether there are differences between infertile Yoruba and Caucasian women in terms of ovarian response in stimulate cycles for assisted conception. A total of 11 Yoruba women were scheduled for 14 in-vitro fertilization (IVF) and one gamete intra-Fallopian transfer (GIFT) cycles from 1990 to 1992. The Caucasian group consisted of 209 women scheduled for 213 IVF and 22 GIFT cycles during the same period. Buserelin, 500 micrograms subcutaneously daily, was started in the mid-luteal phase to achieve pituitary desensitization. Ovarian stimulation was with variable amounts of menopausal gonadotrophins. Human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) was given to trigger the ovulatory process. The Yoruba and Caucasian groups were similar in age and body weight, but significantly more Yorubas (45 versus 11%; P < 0.005) had ultrasound features of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The serum oestradiol concentration (3024 versus 2058 pg/ml; P < 0.05) and number of follicles > 14 mm in diameter (15.5 versus 9.5; P < 0.05) on the day of HCG were higher in the Yoruba group. The ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) was also more prevalent in the Yoruba group (20 versus 5%; P < 0.05). No difference was found in clinical pregnancy or embryo implantation rates. These results show a higher tendency toward exaggerated ovarian response in infertile Yoruba than Caucasian women, associated with a higher prevalence of PCOS. The risk of developing symptomatic OHSS is higher in Yoruba women.
Data-Driven News Generation for Automated Journalism (2017)

Despite increasing amounts of data and ever improving natural language generation techniques, work on automated journalism is still relatively scarce. In this paper, we explore the field and challenges associated with building a journalistic natural language generation system. We present a set of requirements that should guide system design, including transparency, accuracy, modifiability and transferability. Guided by the requirements, we present a data-driven architecture for automated journalism that is largely domain and language independent. We illustrate its practical application in the production of news articles upon a user request about the 2017 Finnish municipal elections in three languages, demonstrating the successfulness of the data-driven, modular approach of the design. We then draw some lessons for future automated journalism.
Efficiency of Chitinolytic Enzymes in the Formation ofTricholoma matsutakeProtoplasts (1988)

Journal Article Efficiency of Chitinolytic Enzymes in the Formation of Tricholoma matsutake Protoplasts Get access Daizo Koga, Daizo Koga Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Nobuyuki Sueshige, Nobuyuki Sueshige Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Kazuhiko Orikono, Kazuhiko Orikono Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Toshihiko Utsumi, Toshihiko Utsumi Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Shuhei Tanaka, Shuhei Tanaka Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Yoshio Yamada, Yoshio Yamada Yamaguchi Prefectural Consultant’s Center for Forests, Yamaguchi 753, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Akio Ide Akio Ide Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 52, Issue 8, 1 August 1988, Pages 2091–2093, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1988.10868973 Published: 01 August 1988 Article history Received: 23 December 1987 Published: 01 August 1988
Simulation Study of Human Input Devices in a Variable Gravity Environment for Commercial Space Transportation (2023)

Commercial spaceflight is an exciting and rapidly growing segment of the space industry. Recent accomplishments by private companies taking non-professional astronauts into space have added additional momentum to the growth of the Commercial Space Transportation (CST) industry. It is expected that increasing numbers of private individuals will participate in commercial orbital and sub-orbital human spaceflight activities as Spaceflight Participants (SFPs). In several circumstances, the SFPs will be launched without the assistance and supervision of professional crew, requiring the SFPs to be able to manage their own safety and emergency procedures. To ensure SFPs’ safety, it is imperative to understand the unique effects of the spaceflight environment, particularly the effects of microgravity on the physio-cognitive capability of SFPs. The goal of this study is to develop general CST design guidelines for control input devices usable in variable gravity with or without a spacesuit. To accomplish this, we conducted an experiment to identify the best physio-cognitive control input logic and mechanisms for human operators in a variable gravity environment. The physiological effects of microgravity were produced by reclining participants in a Head-Down-Tilt (HDT) posture, using the Adaptive Spaceship Cockpit Simulator (ASCS). Participants were asked to perform a Fitt’s target selection task where the size and distance of a target were varied to produce different levels of target selection difficulty according to Fitt’s Law. We tested 27 participants in shirtsleeves in both the upright and HDT conditions using four input devices: (i) a touchpad, (ii) a touchscreen, (iii) a joystick, and (iv) a numpad. We investigated the accuracy of the target selection and response time across the four input devices in the two orientations. The experimental data indicated a significant difference in the target selection performance, and the touchscreen produced significantly more errors than the other devices. We conducted a regression analysis between the target width and the accuracy of target selection to determine the minimum target width required to ensure 95 percent selection accuracy for each type of input device. The approach used in this study allows for the inclusion of speed and accuracy in determining control input size and distance recommendations. This study paves the way for establishing an industry design guide in the growing CST domain.
Crowdsourced Road Navigation: Concept, Design, and Implementation (2017)

Map services and applications have been studied extensively within the mobile computing community in the past two decades, starting from standalone GPS receivers and then moving toward connected smart terminals with live digital maps of transportation networks and even real-time traffic. More recently, with the deep penetration of modern 3G/4G networking and social networking, the crowd intelligence from the social community has been explored toward crowdsourced navigation. In this article, we first provide an overview of the past and present road navigation technologies. We then discuss very recent advances in crowd intelligence, identifying the unique challenges and opportunities therein. We further present a case study that utilizes the crowdsourced driving information to combat the last mile puzzle for road navigation.
A vision too far? mapping the space for a high skills project in the UK (2005)

Although the current Labour government is committed to developing the UK as a high skills society, there is much confusion as what such a society might look like and from where it might draw its inspiration. Some academic commentators have also expressed the need for a clearer vision of the kind of society to which the UK might choose to head for under the banner of ‘high skills’. In this paper, the authors discuss whether such a vision is needed and what, in their view, this vision might look like. The authors argue that Germany and Scandinavia offer the best ‘actually existing’ examples of high skill societies and consider whether the UK could move towards a northern European inspired high skills model. Having identified some of the obstacles currently blocking such a project, the paper discusses whether a vision is still needed and why academics must continue to debate what it means to build a high skills society in the UK.
Design and synthesis of novel pyridinium nitrate-bearing substituted anilines via one-pot tandem reactions (2017)

Thirty-two novel 2-amino-1-[3-oxo-3-(substituted-anilino)propyl]pyridinium nitrate derivatives were designed and prepared via one-pot tandem reactions. The structure of the 2-methylanilino derivative was characterised by X-ray crystallographic analysis. In addition, a potential formation mechanism is proposed.
A Study of the Alcoholysis of Cellulose1 (1955)

A study was made of the alcoholysis of cotton linters using methanol, n-butanol, n-hexanol, and n-octanol acidified with hydrogen chloride. All traces of water could not be removed from this system, and further water was formed during the degradations by a reaction between the alcohol and the hydrogen chloride. The linters were degraded in all of the alcohols studied. The amount of linters solubilized during the degradations tended to increase as the molecular weight of the alcohol used increased. It appeared that, in the study made, the cellulose was being degraded by hydrolysis caused by the traces of water present. The acidified alcohols combined with the reducing groups formed to give a degraded cellulose with a low reducing value. The residual reducing power was lowest when methanol was used.
A Pooled Analysis of Alcohol Consumption and Risk of Multiple Myeloma in the International Multiple Myeloma Consortium (2013)

Prospective studies, especially those conducted as pooled analyses with large sample sizes, are needed to confirm our findings and further explore whether alcohol consumption provides true biologic protection against this rare, highly fatal malignancy.
Transversal Pneumatic Artificial Muscles (2015)

The paper presents an innovative construction of Pneumatic Artificial Muscles. Due to transverse deformation of the muscle, it allows obtaining a linear displacement by changing a diameter of a muscle. The new type of drive, which is represented by this solution, can be used in a robot designed for exploration of a human intestine. On the basis of investigation, there are presented results of a research, differences between traditional and transversal pneumatic muscles and profits of the new construction.
MARI-AUGUSTE-ANTOINE COMMAILLE (2021)

Commaille discovered that the toxic principle present in the roots of the thistle Atractylis gummifera was a glucoside of atractylic acid and described the physiological damage it caused in humans and in animals. He also showed that the natural potassium atractylate was exactly equal to the potassium myronate present in mustard seed. He measured the solubility of caffeine in several solvents at two temperatures and determined the composition of Mysore coffee. One important result was the difference between the extracts with cold and with hot water: The latter dissolved most of the phosphates present in the grain. Together with Millon they made a detailed analysis of milk and in doing so discovered a new protein, which they named lactoprotein. They also isolated casein and prepared a large number of its derivatives. Commaille carried a detailed analysis of the seeds of white and black mustard and proved that the latter contained its thiocyanic acid combined with the allyl group. He also developed a fast and precise method for determining the amount of astringent substance contained in a particular body. He also established a fast and high yielding procedure for preparing the dye coralline by oxidation of phenol with sulfuric and oxalic acid.
Comprehensive salient-pole synchronous machine parametric design analysis using time-step finite element-state space modeling techniques (1998)

This paper details the application of a time-stepping coupled finite element-state space (CFE-SS) model to predict a salient-pole synchronous generator's parameters and performance, including damper bar current profiles and bar losses as well as iron core (including pole face) losses, under various operating conditions. The CFE-SS modeling environment is based on the natural ABC flux linkage frame of reference, which is coupled to a time/rotor stepping FE magnetic field and machine winding inductance profile computation model. This allows one to rigorously include the synergism between the space harmonics generated by magnetic saturation and machine magnetic circuit as well as winding layout topologies, and the time harmonics generated by the nonsinusoidal phase currents, ripple rich field excitation and damper bar currents. The impact of such synergism between these space and time harmonics on damper bar current profiles and losses, iron core losses, various machine winding current, voltage and torque profiles/waveforms is studied here for a 10-pole, 44.9 kVA, 17,143 RPM, 1428.6 Hz, 82 V (L-N), wound-pole aircraft generator.
Transient Receptor Potential Channels Contribute to Pathological Structural and Functional Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction (2014)

Ca2+ influx through TRPC channels expressed after MI activates pathological cardiac hypertrophy and reduces contractility reserve. Blocking post-MI TRPC activity improved post-MI cardiac structure and function.
The Recovery of Ammonia and Hydrogen Sulflde from Ground-Level Area Sources Using Dynamic Isolation Flux Chambers: Bench-Scale Studies (2005)

Controlled bench-scale laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the recovery of ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from dynamic isolation flux chambers. H2S (80-4000 ppb) and NH3 (5000-40,000 ppb) samples were diffused through the flux chamber to simulate ground level area source emissions while measuring the inlet and outlet flux chamber concentrations simultaneously. Results showed that the recovery of H2S during a 30-min sampling time was almost complete for concentrations >2000 ppb. At the lowest concentration of 80 ppb, 92.55% of the H2S could be recovered during the given sampling period. NH3 emissions exhibited similar behavior between concentrations of 5000-40,000 ppb. Within the 30-min sampling period, 92.62% of the 5000-ppb NH3 sample could be recovered. Complete recovery was achieved for concentrations >40,000 ppb. Predictive equations were developed for gas adsorption. From these equations, the maximum difference between chamber inlet and outlet concentrations of NH3 or H2S was predicted to be 7.5% at the lowest concentration used for either gas. In the calculation of emission factors for NH3 and H2S, no adsorption correction factor is recommended for concentrations >37,500 ppb and 2100 ppb for NH3 and H2S, respectively. The reported differences in outlet and inlet concentration above these ranges are outside the fullscale sensitivity of the gas sensing equipment. The use of 46-90 m of Teflon tubing with the flux chambers has apparently no effect on gas adsorption, because recovery was completed almost instantaneously at the beginning of the tests.