gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Influence of the Polysaccharide Carrageenin on the Clotting Mechanism of the Blood in the Rabbit in Vitro and in Vivo (1969)

Summary Carrageenin is not an antithrombin. It inhibits fibrin aggregation or polymerisation. The inactivation of thrombin by antithrombin and of blood thromboplastin by anti blood thromboplastin is neither accelerated nor retarded. In the presence of Carrageenin the clotting times of tests in which the fibrinpolymerisation phase is involved are lengthened; this simulates a decrease in clotting factors. In vivo Carrageenin, despite its coagulation-inhibitory properties, is not able to reverse the consumption reaction which it has initiated.
Fast PEALD ZnO Thin-Film Transistor Circuits (2009)

We report stable high-mobility ZnO thin-film transistors (TFTs) and fast circuits fabricated using a novel weak reactant plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) process. This PEALD process is a highly scalable manufacturable process and is a faster and simpler alternative to conventional atomic layer deposition. Using PEALD, we have deposited highly crystalline (002) textured ZnO thin films at a low temperature (200°C). Using PEALD ZnO films, we have fabricated high-mobility TFTs (20-30 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /V ·s), which have < 100-mV threshold voltage shifts after bias stress at 80°C for 20 000 s. Using these high-performance TFTs, we have also fabricated simple 15-stage ring oscillator circuits with a propagation delay of 22 ns/stage for a supply voltage of 16 V, which, to the best of our knowledge, are the fastest ZnO TFT circuits reported to date.
Field Application of an Associative Polymer Reveals Excellent Polymer Injectivity (2022)

Abstract Chemical EOR flooding using hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) is considered nowadays a state-of-the-art tertiary recovery process and has been conventionally applied on a full-field scale worldwide. The addition of these standard polymers improves the mobility of the injected fluid and thus maximize sweep; however, application is only limited to mild reservoir temperatures and low brine salinity ranges. Therefore, a more thermally stable and more resistant "associative polymers" were derived, by incorporating specific hydrophobic groups into the HPAM polymer backbone, to offer performance advantages with regards to viscosifying efficiency and salt tolerance when compared to the standard HPAM. However, only a handful of field cases were reported in the literature. Thus, this paper will present the unique application of this associative polymer technology in a field pilot for one of the major E&amp;P companies and discusses the corresponding lab evaluations leading up to the field trial. To confirm the advantages of using associative polymer over of standard HPAM, rheology and filterability measurements were conducted. Moreover, linear coreflood experiments in presence of oil have been performed at target field conditions (low temperature and higher salinity) with various polymer concentrations. The resistance factors measured in the coreflood experiments indicated that 750 and 1,250 ppm of associative polymer and HPAM, respectively, are adequate to deliver the required mobility ratio of 1 and accordingly the oil recovery can be similar for the two different polymers at these concentrations. Moreover, dynamic adsorption measurements conducted at the same polymer concentration reveal a smooth propagation of the associative polymer through the porous medium. Based on these findings, it is concluded that the associative polymer offers a significant performance advantage over the HPAM due to the lower polymer dose required to achieve the target performance. After successful lab evaluations and in preparation for a multi-well pilot, a field injectivity trial was planned accordingly to test the propagation of the synthesized polymer in the reservoir. Subsequently, the selected associative polymer was successfully injected into the reservoir over a period of two months in two injectors at a steady injection rate of 50 and 300 m3/d. The measured well head pressures of the two injection wells was stable for the entire test duration, indicating a good polymer injectivity with no observed formation plugging. This newly developed associative polymer was proposed to the field's operator as a promising alternative solution to unlock additional reserves increase oil recovery and a full-field polymer flood expansion is planned next. To our knowledge, this is one of the few reported field trials with associative polymers and should facilitate field implementation of this technology.
Considering Anisotropic Material Behaviour of Sheet Metals for Ductile Fracture Prediction (2014)

In the manufacturing process of body in white components made from sheet metal it is state of the art to accompany the process by means of finite element analysis. A main criterion for determining a feasible tool design and process parameters is the prediction of material failure, which can be categorized in instability and ductile fracture. The ductile fracture failure mode is more likely to occur, as more advanced high strength steels and aluminium alloys are used for body in white components. Therefore various approaches have been presented to model ductile fracture over the past years. However, there is no guideline to determine which models are suitable for predicting ductile fracture. The same applies when it comes to choosing experiments and calibration of model parameters. A suitable model calibration is vital, as the fracture prediction depends on the determined model parameters. Usually an isotropic material behaviour is assumed for calibration of fracture models. However, sheet metals can show an anisotropic material behaviour due to the rolling process. Therefore it is arguable if an isotropic material model can be applied when fracture models are calibrated.
Topology-independent region tracking with level sets (2002)

This paper presents a new approach to the tracking of regions in an image sequence. Unlike most other methods, the proposed approach can handle topology changes, i.e., regions may split or merge. This flexibility is naturally embedded into a partial differential equation that solves a minimum description length (MDL) estimation problem. The basic estimation criterion consists of only two terms: the description length of the region shape mismatch and the description length of the region itself, but we show possible extensions to this basic formulation. We minimize the MDL criterion using the level set methodology that inherently accounts for topology changes. We show results for natural data with natural as well as synthetic motion.
Non-connected versus interconnected macroporosity in poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) polymers. An X-ray microtomographic and histomorphometric study (2002)

Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA) has potentially broad biomedical applications: it is biocompatible and has a hardness comparable to bone when bulk polymerized. Porous biomaterials allow bone integration to be increased, especially when the pores are interconnected. In this study, three types of porogens (sugar fibers, sucrose crystals, and urea beads) have been used to prepare macroporous pHEMA. The pore volume and interconnectivity parameters of the porosity were measured by X-ray microtomography and image analysis. Sucrose crystals, having a high volumetric mass, gave large pores that were located on the block sides. Urea beads and sugar fibers provided pores with the same star volume (2.65 +/- 0.46 mm3 and 2.48 +/- 0.52 mm3, respectively) but which differed in interconnectivity index, fractal dimension, and Euler-Poincarés number. Urea beads caused non-connected porosity, while sugar fibers created a dense labyrinth within the polymer. Interconnectivity was proved by carrying out surface treatment of the pHEMA (carboxymethylation in water), followed by von Kossà staining, which detected the carboxylic groups. Carboxymethylated surfaces were observed on the sides of the blocks and on the opened or interconnected pores. The disconnected pores were unstained. Macroporous polymers can be prepared with water-soluble porogens. X-ray microtomography appears a useful tool to measure porosity and interconnectedness.
Expression profiling of lymph node cells from deer mice infected with Andes virus (2013)

The ability to examine expression levels of nearly any gene from deer mice should allow direct comparison of infection with SNV or ANDV to determine the immunological pathways used for clearance of hantavirus infection in a reservoir host species.
Simple synthesis of de-AB-cholesta-8(14),22-dien-9-one by highly stereoselective double Michael addition involving alkenylcopper-phosphine complex, vinyl ketone, and 2-methyl-2-cyclopentenone followed by Claisen rearrangement and rhodium-promoted decarbonylation (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSimple synthesis of de-AB-cholesta-8(14),22-dien-9-one by highly stereoselective double Michael addition involving alkenylcopper-phosphine complex, vinyl ketone, and 2-methyl-2-cyclopentenone followed by Claisen rearrangement and rhodium-promoted decarbonylationTakashi Takahashi, Yoichiro Naito, and Jiro TsujiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 17, 5261–5263Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1981https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00407a063RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views239Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (338 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
ANALYSIS OF THE PERCENTAGE OF PATIENTS REQUIRING INTENSIVE CARE IN 406 CONSECUTIVE PATIENTS WITH DE NOVO AML. (2005)

Schellongowski, Peter; Thomas, Staudinger; Klaus, Laczika; Frass, Michael; Knapp, Sylvia; Locker, Gottfried J; Valent, Peter; Sperr, Wolfgang R Author Information
Design optimization for a SmCo-biased colossal magnetoresistive thin film device (2000)

A device structure composed primarily of a film made from colossal magnetoresistive (CMR) material and a permanent magnet (PM) film used for biasing the CMR film is proposed as a sensor for magnetic objects. The PM film provides a magnetic field through the CMR film, which is substantially decreased when a magnetic object approaches the device, as part of the magnetic flux is now diverted through the object. To test the feasibility of this concept, we performed simulations of the magnetic field distribution with a three-dimensional finite boundary program. Our vertical model structure consists of a strip of CMR material covered by a PM strip with magnetic in-plane texture and magnetized along its width. The maximum possible biasing field through the CMR material is mainly controlled by the thickness to width ratio of the PM material and cannot be improved by the use of a soft magnetic cladding. The same effect is observed on the flux reduction by approaching a magnetic object. Preliminary results on an experimental realization of the device are given.
Stability of Coulomb systems in a magnetic field. (1995)

I study N electrons and M protons in a magnetic field. It is shown that the total energy per particle is bounded below by a constant independent of M and N, provided the fine structure constant is small. Here, the total energy includes the energy of the magnetic field.
Anchoring PdCu Amorphous Nanocluster on Graphene for Electrochemical Reduction of N2 to NH3 under Ambient Conditions in Aqueous Solution (2018)

Abstract As an alternative approach for N 2 fixation under milder conditions, electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) represents a very attractive strategy for sustainable development and N 2 cycle to store and utilize energy from renewable sources. However, the research on NRR electrocatalysts still mainly focuses on noble metals, while, high costs and limited resources greatly restrict their large‐scale applications. Herein, as a proof‐of‐concept experiment, taking PdCu amorphous nanocluster anchored on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as NRR catalysts, the optimum Pd 0.2 Cu 0.8 /rGO composite presents a synergistic effect and shows superior electrocatalytic performance toward NRR under ambient conditions (yield: 2.80 µg h −1 mg cat. −1 at −0.2 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode), which is much higher than that of monometallic, especially noble metal, counterparts. The superior catalytic performance of alloy catalysts with low noble metal loading would strongly spur interest toward more researches on NRR catalysts in the future.
Rosacea. Pathophysiology and treatment (1994)

WHAT FOLLOWS cannot possibly live up to the title of this editorial, since such is the state of our current understanding of rosacea. My temerity will further extend the reader beyond the short list of real facts (a lapidarist would have no difficulty describing what we<i>really</i>know about rosacea) to consider<i>theories</i>about how rosacea might develop. For me, the most compelling view is a synthesis of selected insights of Ryan, Marks, and several Scandinavian workers, especially Sobye and Haxthausen. However, to directly pursue these theories would be premature without a brief note on what rosacea really is (and is not).<i>Rosacea is not a disease</i>. Rosacea is a typology, namely, a cluster of persons with a characteristic combination of cutaneous stigmata. Given the typologic model, the epicenter of rosacea is occupied by a few unfortunate patients with flushing, erythema, telangiectasia, facial edema, papules, pustules, ocular lesions, and rhinophyma.
Multiple Vaginal Exposures to Low Doses of R5 Simian‐Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Strategy to Study HIV Preclinical Interventions in Nonhuman Primates (2004)

A nonhuman-primate model of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection that more closely emulates human heterosexual transmission by use of multiple exposures to low doses of virus is critical to better evaluate intervention strategies that include microbicides or vaccines. In this report, we describe such a system that uses female pig-tailed macaques exposed vaginally to a CCR5-using simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV(SF162P3)) at weekly intervals. Results of dose-titration experiments indicated that 3 once-weekly exposures to 10 tissue culture infectious doses of SHIV(SF162P3) resulted in consistent transmission of virus and establishment of systemic infection. The efficacy of cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP) as a vaginal microbicide was evaluated by applying it to the vaginal vault of macaques (n = 4) 15 min before each weekly exposure to SHIV(SF162P3). One conclusion that can be drawn from the data derived from multiple exposures to virus is that CAP prevented infection in 12 of 13 possible chances for infection, over the course of 39 total exposures. Our findings provide a basis to refine monkey models for transmission of HIV-1, which may be relevant to preclinical evaluation for therapeutic interventions.
First report of the repellency of 2‐tridecanone against ticks (2010)

2-Tridecanone and 2-undecanone are both found naturally in the trichomes of wild tomato plants and are important in plant resistance to herbivory. 2-Undecanone is the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-registered active ingredient in the commercially available arthropod repellent, BioUD(®) . The goal of this study was to examine the tick repellency of 2-tridecanone. Two-choice bioassays were conducted using 8% 2-tridecanone vs. the repellent carrier (absolute ethanol) and compared with two-choice studies using 8% 2-undecanone vs. absolute ethanol. Unfed, host-seeking adult (mixed sex) Amblyomma americanum (L.) (Acari: Ixodidae) and Dermacentor variabilis Say (Acari: Ixodidae) were used to evaluate repellency and time to repellent failure at room temperature. The present study shows in filter paper assays (0.63 mg test compound/cm(2) ) that 2-tridecanone was 87% repellent to A. americanum at 12 h after application, but had no statistically significant repellency at 15 h and 24 h, and was 72% repellent to D. variabilis at 15 h, but had no statistically significant repellency at 24 h. By contrast, 2-undecanone was 74% and 75% repellent to A. americanum and D. variabilis, respectively, at 2 h after application, but no statistically significant repellency was noted at 2.5 h and 3 h. In two-choice assays on cheesecloth, 2-tridecanone at 0.25 mg/cm(2) was 85% repellent to A. americanum 6 h after application, demonstrating its potential use as an arthropod repellent that can be used on clothing without the need for formulation. No statistically significant repellency was found at 9 h or 12 h. The potential use of 2-tridecanone as a tick repellent is discussed.
O3‐09‐04: AGE, β‐AMYLOID AND COGNITION SELECTIVELY INFLUENCE HIPPOCAMPAL SUBFIELD VOLUME: A STUDY OF 408 HEALTHY ADULTS BORN IN 1946 (2019)

The hippocampus comprises a number of interconnected histologically and functionally distinct subfields, which may be differentially influenced by cerebral β-amyloid deposition, ageing and cerebrovascular disease. To date, research investigating the influence of cerebral β-amyloid deposition, ageing and cerebrovascular disease on hippocampal subfield volumes, and how they relate to cognitive performance in cognitively normal older individuals, has been limited. Using cross-sectional data from 408 cognitively normal individuals born in mainland Britain during the same week of March 1946 (age range at time of scan = 69.2−71.9 years) who underwent cognitive assessment, 18F-Florbetapir PET and structural MRI on the same 3 Tesla PET/MR unit, we investigated the independent influences of β-amyloid status, age at scan, and global white matter hyperintensity volume on: CA1, CA2/3, CA4, dentate gyrus, presubiculum, subiculum, and hippocampal tail volumes, adjusting for sex and total intracranial volume. Further analyses explored the relationship between hippocampal subfield volumes and educational attainment, childhood cognitive ability, and current cognitive performance. Compared to β-amyloid negative participants (n=334), β-amyloid positive participants (n=74) had lower volumes of the presubiculum (p=0.012) and hippocampal tail (p=0.044). Despite an age range at scanning of just 2.7 years, increased age was independently associated with lower CA1 (p=0.007), CA4 (p=0.004), dentate gyrus (p=0.002), and subiculum (p=0.035) volumes. There was no evidence that global white matter hyperintensity volume was associated with any hippocampal subfield volume. Larger CA4 (p=0.024) and dentate gyrus (p=0.021) volumes were associated with higher childhood cognitive ability, and larger presubiculum (p=0.014) volume was associated with better performance on digit-symbol substitution testing. Following additional adjustment for the sum of the other hippocampal subfields tested, the associations between presubiculum volume and β-amyloid status (p=0.039); CA1 (p=0.045) and dentate gyrus (p=0.024) volume and age at time of scan; and presubiculum volume and digit-symbol substitution test performance (p=0.038) all remained statistically significant. These data provide evidence of differential associations in cognitively normal older adults between hippocampal subfield volumes and: β-amyloid deposition; increasing age; and cognitive ability in both childhood and later life. The selective association between presubiculum volume and β-amyloid deposition suggest it may be a specific biomarker of pre-clinical Alzheimer's disease.
Degradation of Chloramphenicol in Synthetic and Aquaculture Wastewater Using Electrooxidation (2018)

Chloramphenicol (CAP) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic widely used in animal farming and aquaculture industries. Despite its ban in many countries around the world, it is still used in several developing countries, with harmful effects on the surrounding aquatic environment. In this study, an electrooxidation process using a Ti/PbO anode was used to investigate the degradation of CAP in both synthetic solution and real aquaculture wastewater. A central composite design was used to determine the optimum conditions for CAP removal. Current intensity and treatment time had the most impact on the CAP removal. These two factors accounted for ∼90% of CAP removal. The optimum conditions found in this study were current intensity of 0.65 A, treatment time of 34 min, and CAP initial concentration of 0.5 mg L. Under these conditions, 98.7% of CAP removal was achieved with an energy consumption of 4.65 kW h m. The antibiotic was not present in the aquaculture wastewater, which received 0.5 mg L of CAP and was treated (by electrooxidation) under the optimum conditions. A complete removal of CAP was obtained after 34 min of treatment. According to these results, electrooxidation presents an option for the removal of antibiotics, secondary compounds, and other organic and inorganic compounds from solution.
Compression-friendly Image Encryption Algorithm Based on Order Relation (2020)

In this paper, we introduce an image encryption algorithm that can be used in combination with compression algorithms. Existing encryption algorithms focus on either encryption strength or speed without compression, whereas the proposed algorithm improves compression efficiency while ensuring security. Our encryption algorithm decomposes images into pixel values and pixel intensity subsets, and computes the order of permutations. An encrypted image becomes unpredictable after permutation. Order permutation reduces the discontinuity between signals in an image, increasing compression efficiency. The experimental results show that the security strength of the proposed algorithm is similar to that of existing algorithms. Additionally, we tested the algorithm on the JPEG and the JPEG2000 with variable compression ratios. Compared to existing methods applied without encryption, the proposed algorithm significantly increases PSNR and SSIM values.
A LIAISON BETWEEN THE IMMUNE AND METABOLIC SYSTEMS:FAT REGULATORY T CELLS (2010)

Obesity is characterized by low-grade inflammation of adipose tissue, which promotes insulin resistance and type-2 diabetes. Previous studies have highlighted the role of inflammatory macrophages in the onset of insulin resistance secondary to obesity. Here we explored the role of other players of the immune system in fat inflammation that normally are responsible for guarding against run-away auto-immunity, T regulatory cells. Regulatory CD4+ T cells that express the transcription factor Foxp3 (termed Tregs) are a lymphocyte lineage specialized in controlling immune responses. We report that Tregs with a unique phenotype are highly enriched in the abdominal fat of normal mice, but are strikingly and specifically reduced in insulin-resistant models of obesity. Loss-of-function and gain-of-function experiments demonstrated that Tregs regulate the inflammatory state of adipose tissue as well as insulin resistance. Cytokines differentially synthesized by fat-resident regulatory and conventional T cells directly impacted the synthesis of inflammatory mediators and glucose uptake by cultured adipocytes. In summary, we described a population of tissue specialized Treg cells that may modulate neighboring cells in potentially pathological contexts, which opens the door to harnessing their anti-inflammatory properties to inhibit elements of the metabolic syndrome.