gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An experimental multimedia system allowing 3-D visualization and eye-controlled interaction without user-worn devices (1999)

In this paper, a new kind of human-computer interface allowing three-dimensional (3-D) visualization of multimedia objects and eye controlled interaction is proposed. In order to explore the advantages and limitations of the concept, a prototype system has been set up. The testbed includes a visual operating system for integrating novel forms of interaction with a 3-D graphic user interface, autostereoscopic (free-viewing) 3-D displays with close adaptation to the mechanisms of binocular vision, and solutions for nonintrusive eye-controlled interaction (video-based head and gaze tracking). The paper reviews the system's key components and outlines various applications implemented for user testing. Preliminary results show that most of the users are impressed by a 3-D graphic user interface and the possibility to communicate with a computer by simply looking at the object of interest. On the other hand, the results emphasize the need for a more intelligent interface agent to avoid misinterpretation of the user's eye-controlled input and to reset undesired activities.
Systems Genetics of Optic Nerve Axon Necrosis During Glaucoma (2020)

In this study, we identify genomic regions that modulate the number of necrotic axons in optic nerves of a family of mice, some of which have severe glaucoma, and define a set of high priority positional candidate genes that modulate retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axonal degeneration. A large cohort of the BXD family were aged to greater than 13 months of age. Optic nerves from 74 strains and the DBA/2J (D2) parent were harvested, sectioned, and stained with p-phenylenediamine. Numbers of necrotic axons per optic nerve cross-section were counted from 1 to 10 replicates per genotype. Strain means and standard errors were uploaded into GeneNetwork 2 for mapping and systems genetics analyses (Trait 18614). The number of necrotic axons per nerve ranged from only a few hundred to more than 4,000. Using conventional interval mapping as well as linear mixed model mapping, we identified a single locus on chromosome 12 between 109 and 112.5 Mb with a likelihood ratio statistic (LRS) of ~18.5 (<i>p</i> genome-wide ~0.1). Axon necrosis is not linked to locations of major known glaucoma genes in this family, including <i>Gpnmb</i>, <i>Tyrp1, Cdh11, Pou6f2,</i> and <i>Cacna2d1</i>. This indicates that although these genes contribute to pigmentary dispersion or elevated IOP, none directly modulates axon necrosis. Of 156 positional candidates, eight genes-<i>CDC42 binding protein kinase beta</i> (<i>Cdc42bpb</i>); <i>eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5</i> (<i>Eif5</i>); <i>BCL2-associated athanogene 5</i> (<i>Bag5</i>); <i>apoptogenic 1, mitochondrial</i> (<i>Apopt1</i>); <i>kinesin light chain 1</i> (<i>Klc1</i>); <i>X-ray repair cross complementing 3</i> (<i>Xrcc3</i>); <i>protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 13B</i> (<i>Ppp1r13b</i>); and <i>transmembrane protein 17</i>9 (<i>Tmem179</i>)-passed stringent criteria and are high priority candidates. Several candidates are linked to mitochondria and/or axons, strengthening their plausible role as modulators of ON necrosis. Additional studies are required to validate and/or eliminate plausible candidates. Surprisingly, IOP and ON necrosis are inversely correlated across the BXD family in mice >13 months of age and these two traits share few genes among their top ocular and retinal correlates. These data suggest that the two traits are independently modulated or that a more complex and multifaceted approach is required to reveal their association.
Au(001) Thin Films: Impact of Structure and Mosaicity on the Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Alkaline Medium (2022)

Au(001) thin films with thickness varying from ca. 25 to 83 nm were deposited on MgO(001) substrates using pulsed laser deposition. Epitaxial growth of (001) Au on the (001) MgO single-crystal substrate was observed with a Au(001)[010]//[010](001)MgO cube-on-cube epitaxial relationship for substrate temperature ≤200 °C. Detailed X-ray reciprocal space mapping (RSM) analysis and atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging of films with different thicknesses were conducted. There is a nonmonotonic dependence of both the in-plane and out-of-plane lattice parameters with the films’ thickness, while the lateral coherence length increases with the thickness. The maximum tensile strain measured was 0.3% for 65 nm thick Au(001) film. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) in acidic and alkaline media and Pb underpotential deposition (Pb UPD) measurements were used as fingerprints to assess the structure of the surface. All films exhibited the characteristic response of Au(001) single-crystal surfaces, although with some differences in the potential region between 0.7 and 1.2 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), which corresponds to the adsorption and partial discharge of OH– anions at the electrode surface. Since epitaxial Au(001) thin films do not lend themselves to steady-state voltammetry with rotating disks or microelectrodes due to their square shape and the insulating nature of MgO substrates, the electrocatalytic activity of the films for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in the alkaline electrolyte was assessed by sampled current voltammetry. It was shown that both the onset potential (Eonset) and the half-wave potential (E1/2) for the ORR do not show any dependence on strain but rather become less negative (more active) with an increase of the lateral coherence length. These data are rationalized in the context of recent density functional theory (DFT) calculations and the mechanisms governing the ORR in alkaline electrolytes.
Highly sensitive and selective detection of miRNA: DNase I-assisted target recycling using DNA probes protected by polydopamine nanospheres (2014)

Based on the protective properties of polydopamine nanospheres for DNA probes against nuclease digestion, we have developed a DNase I-assisted target recycling signal amplification method for highly sensitive and selective detection of miRNA.
CORRELATION BETWEEN CELL SIZE AND POSITION WITHIN THE DIVISION CYCLE IN SUSPENSION CULTURES OF CHANG LIVER CELLS (1979)

Chang liver cells from exponentially growing suspension cultures have been separated by sedimentation at unit gravity. Determinations of the protein content per cell showed that the fractionation procedure resulted in good separation of cells of different size. On the other hand, the DNA content of individual cells from the fractions, as determined cytofluorimetrically, indicated considerable heterogeneity in the size of cells from the same stage of the division cycle. On the basis of earlier results on intermitotic growth and the variation in the length of the cell cycle in homogeneous cell populations, a mathematical model has been constructed and tested using a computer program. The present results on the size distribution of cells from the different stages of the mitotic cycle are consistent with a regeneration of size heterogeneity in each cell generation, as a result of the dispersion of intermitotic times. The variation in cell cycle times may be related to a probabilistic event in the G1 period. In the mathematical model it was necessary to include a mechanism by which the regeneration of abnormally large cells is prevented. The experimental data are compatible with a gradually increasing inhibition of growth in cells larger than a certain size (circa 400 pg protein per cell).
Safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy in monkeys and humans of invasive Escherichia coli K-12 hybrid vaccine candidates expressing Shigella flexneri 2a somatic antigen (1992)

A live, oral Shigella vaccine, constructed by transfer of the 140-MDa invasiveness plasmid from Shigella flexneri 5 and the chromosomal genes encoding the group- and type-specific O antigen of S. flexneri 2a to Escherichia coli K-12, was tested in humans. Designated EcSf2a-1, this vaccine produced adverse reactions (fever, diarrhea, or dysentery) in 4 (31%) of 13 subjects who ingested a single dose of 1.0 x 10(9) CFU, while at better-tolerated doses (5.0 x 10(6) to 5.0 x 10(7) CFU), it provided no significant protection against challenge with S. flexneri 2a. A further-attenuated aroD mutant derivative, EcSf2a-2, was then tested. Rhesus monkeys that received EcSf2a-2 in three oral doses of ca. 1.5 x 10(11) CFU experienced no increase in gastrointestinal symptoms compared with a control group that received an E. coli K-12 placebo. Compared with controls, the vaccinated monkeys were protected against shigellosis after challenge with S. flexneri 2a (60% efficacy; P = 0.001). In humans, EcSf2a-2 was well tolerated at inocula ranging from 5.0 x 10(6) to 2.1 x 10(9) CFU. However, after a single dose of 2.5 x 10(9) CFU, 4 (17%) of 23 subjects experienced adverse reactions, including fever (3 subjects) and diarrhea (209 ml) (1 subject), and after a single dose of 1.8 x 10(10) CFU, 2 of 4 subjects developed dysentery. Recipients of three doses of 1.2 to 2.5 x 10(9) CFU had significant rises in serum antibody to lipopolysaccharide (61%) and invasiveness plasmid antigens (44%) and in gut-derived immunoglobulin A antibody-secreting cells specific for lipopolysaccharide (100%) and invasiveness plasmid antigens (60%). Despite its immunogenicity, the vaccine conferred only 36% protection against illness (fever, diarrhea, or dysentery) induced by experimental challenge (P = 0.17). These findings illustrate the use of an epithelial cell-invasive E. coli strain as a carrier for Shigella antigens. Future studies must explore dosing regimens that might optimize the protective effects of the vaccine while eliminating adverse clinical reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: HIGHLY REACTIVE TRANSITION METAL POWDERS. OXIDATIVE INSERTION OF NICKEL, PALLADIUM, AND PLATINUM METAL POWDERS INTO ARYL‐HALIDE BONDS (1977)

Abstract Durch Cokondensation von Ni oder Pd mit Pentafluorbrombenzol und Triäthylphosphin wurden die Komplexe (Ia) erhalten.
Treatment of peripheral bronchopleural fistulas with endobronchial occlusion coils (1993)

Persistent peripheral bronchopleural fistulas can be difficult to manage. Endoscopic plugging of involved bronchi has been accomplished in a number of ways. We have devised a method of permanently blocking small peripheral airways using Gianturco vascular occlusion coils placed endobronchially by modified angiographic techniques. This procedure has been applied in 5 cases of complicated parenchymal air leaks. Complete or substantial partial control was achieved in all cases. There were no complications.
Increase by the ORL1 receptor (opioid receptor‐like1) ligand, nociceptin, of inwardly rectifying K conductance in dorsal raphe nucleus neurones (1996)

The actions of the endogenous ORL1-receptor (opioid receptor-like1) ligand, nociceptin, on the membrane properties of rat dorsal raphe nucleus neurones were examined by use of whole-cell patch clamp recording in brain slices. Nociceptin produced an outward current in all neurones tested, with an EC50 of 12 +/- 2 nM. Dynorphin A (100 nM to 1 microM) produced little outward current. Outward currents reversed polarity near the predicted K+ equilibrium potential in both 2.5 mM (measured/predicted = -105 mV/-104 mV) and 6.5 mM (measured/predicted = -80 mV/-77 mV) extracellular K+. The conductance increase was larger between -120 and -130 mV than between -70 and -80 mV, conductance. The outward current produced by nociceptin was similar to, and occluded by, high concentrations of baclofen, demonstrating actions on the same population of K channels. Naloxone (1 microM) failed to inhibit outward currents produced by nociceptin. These results are consistent with the reported high density of ORL1 receptor mRNA in dorsal raphe nucleus and with inhibitory actions of nociceptin in cells expressing ORL1.
Poisson Total Variation Denoising for Micropulse Water Vapor DIAL (2020)

We have adapted the Poisson Total Variation lidar signal processing technique for Micro-Pulse DIAL water vapor estimates. This processing technique ingests data at 10 second-37.5 meter resolution where it adaptively adjusts the retrieval resolution based on signal-to-noise and performs range deconvolution. The result is high resolution data in regions with ample signal, preservation of sharp discontinuities where they exist, and a data product that better represents of the acquired photon counting data than the standard processing technique.
Delayed postoperative tethering of the cervical spinal cord (1994)

Tethering of the spinal cord in the lumbar and sacral regions of children with congenital anomalies is a well-recognized problem; however, tethering in the cervical region has rarely been reported. A search of the literature revealed no reports of symptomatic postoperative cervical spinal cord tethering. The authors present five cases of delayed postoperative cervical spinal cord tethering and discuss the benefit of detethering in these patients. All five patients were young (16 to 42 years of age) at presentation. All had done well after an initial surgical procedure but returned between 1 and 31 years postoperatively with symptoms including severe headache, upper-extremity pain, and progressive neurological deficits. In each case, magnetic resonance imaging indicated dorsal tethering of the cord in the cervical region. Surgical exploration with microscopic sharp detethering of the cervical cord was performed on each patient with favorable results. To avoid retethering, wide Tutoplast duraplasty is recommended.
A 2D model of traveling wave Dielectrophoresis microelectrode array based on printed circuit board technology for manipulation and characterization of malignant and normal liver cells (2016)

the Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is a phenomenon in which a force exists on a particle due to a non-uniform electric field. A widely used technique for particle manipulation and separation is a traveling wave dielectrophoresis (twDEP), where it is particularly applied to biological particles. In this work, a 2D model of traveling wave microelectrode array of printed circuit board (PCB) based technology is presented and discussed. The twDEP is an electro-kinetic technique resulting from the interaction of a non-uniform electric field and polarizable particles. The electric field and the interaction of a nonuniform electric field and polarizable particles were simulated using COMSOL Multiphysics®. The proposed twDEP is used to manipulate liver cells and distinguish between malignant and normal liver cells. In the scope of paper, a concentric ring microelectrodes based on PCB technology are designed for manipulating liver cells, as well distinguishing between malignant and normal liver cells using COMSOL Multiphysics®.
Graphene-coated meshes for electroactive flow control devices utilizing two antagonistic functions of repellency and permeability (2016)

The wettability of graphene on various substrates has been intensively investigated for practical applications including surgical and medical tools, textiles, water harvesting, self-cleaning, oil spill removal and microfluidic devices. However, most previous studies have been limited to investigating the intrinsic and passive wettability of graphene and graphene hybrid composites. Here, we report the electrowetting of graphene-coated metal meshes for use as electroactive flow control devices, utilizing two antagonistic functions, hydrophobic repellency versus liquid permeability. Graphene coating was able to prevent the thermal oxidation and corrosion problems that plague unprotected metal meshes, while also maintaining its hydrophobicity. The shapes of liquid droplets and the degree of water penetration through the graphene-coated meshes were controlled by electrical stimuli based on the functional control of hydrophobic repellency and liquid permeability. Furthermore, using the graphene-coated metal meshes, we developed two active flow devices demonstrating the dynamic locomotion of water droplets and electroactive flow switching.
3529 Analysis of the effect of the stress ratio on the fatigue crack growth behavior using RPG load (2006)

This paper shows the analysis result of the effect of the stress ratio on the fatigue crack growth behavior using RPG load based on the comparison between the FE-analysis results and estimation results by FLARP system. Crack opening stress during fatigue crack is growing, independent of stress ratio, but the increase in plastic strain at the re-plastic zone depends on the stress ratio. The re-plastic zone size is almost same as the size of re-compressive plastic zone.
Specific Molds Associated With Asthma in Water-Damaged Homes (2006)

A relative moldiness index was developed to predict the likely development of asthma in water-damaged homes in Cleveland.
Mitochondria‐targeted antioxidants protect Friedreich Ataxia fibroblasts from endogenous oxidative stress more effectively than untargeted antioxidants (2003)

Friedreich Ataxia (FRDA), the most common inherited ataxia, arises from defective expression of the mitochondrial protein frataxin, which leads to increased mitochondrial oxidative damage. Therefore, antioxidants targeted to mitochondria should be particularly effective at slowing disease progression. To test this hypothesis, we compared the efficacy of mitochondria-targeted and untargeted antioxidants derived from coenzyme Q10 and from vitamin E at preventing cell death due to endogenous oxidative stress in cultured fibroblasts from FRDA patients in which glutathione synthesis was blocked. The mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ was several hundredfold more potent than the untargeted analog idebenone. The mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoVit E was 350-fold more potent than the water soluble analog Trolox. This is the first demonstration that mitochondria-targeted antioxidants prevent cell death that arises in response to endogenous oxidative damage. Targeted antioxidants may have therapeutic potential in FRDA and in other disorders involving mitochondrial oxidative damage.
Three-Dimensional Structure of RNA-Binding Protein TLS Co-Crystallized with Biotinylated Isoxazole (2016)

RNA-binding protein TLS with specific mutations forms insoluble precipitates in motor neurons causing neuronal degenerative diseases like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and frontotemporal dementia. TLS at high concentration around 10 mg/ml is prone to be precipitated even without any mutation. The mutation on TLS is supposed to induce more precipitation than the wild type with uncovered molecular mechanism. Specific protein precipitation is one of major causes for the neuronal diseases like the Alzheimer disease with amyloid formations. Identification of a trigger of the precipitation formation is a key event at developing the therapeutics against these diseases. Screening candidate compounds from a chemical library to stimulate mouse embryonic stem cells into cardiomyocytes identified isoxazole, its relative compounds containing the COX-2 inhibitor and β lactamase-resistant antibiotics. Its derivative, biotinylated isoxazole (b-isox), was serendipitously found to be precipitated with divergent RNA-binding proteins through their low complexity domains. The b-isox precipitation of RNA-binding proteins should be a model system for formation of insoluble precipitates at neuronal degenerative diseases. We confirmed the precipitation of TLS with b-isox and analyzed the co-crystal formation. In silico analysis presents a model of crystallization of b-isox forming the β strand structure with wavy repetitive valleys. The valleys of the β sheet capture the unstructured LC domains of TLS and force them into also β strand shapes. This model sheds light on flexible feature of the LC domain that well fits the valleys of the b-isox crystals. This should be one major reason why various LC domains are involves in formation of insoluble precipitates, suggesting molecular mechanism for neurodegenerative disorders.
Occurrence and Development of a Filiform Apparatus in the Egg of Plumbago capensis (1972)

Micropylar wall extensions in the egg of Plumbago capensis arise as small pegs of periodic acid-Schiff's-positive material soon after the egg is organized. These inward projections of egg wall increase in size, becoming extensive near anthesis. Some branching of the filiform apparatus occurs. In mature embryo sacs the micropylar portion, with the lowermost portion of the egg included, becomes entrenched in the nucellus. The possible significance of this “gametic transfer cell” is discussed in relation to the apparent absence of synergids from the reduced embryo sac of Plumbago.
Differentiated CW Policy and Strict Priority Policy for Location-Independent End-to-End Delay in Multi-Hop Wireless Mesh Networks (2010)

We investigate delay analysis of multi-hop wireless mesh network (WMN) where nodes have multi-channel and multiple transceivers to increase the network capacity. The functionality of the multi-channel and multiple transceivers allows the whole WMN to be decomposed into disjoint zones in such a way that i) nodes in a zone are within one-hop distance, and relay node and end nodes with different CWmins contend to access the channel based on IEEE 802.11e EDCA, ii) different channels are assigned to neighbor zones to prevent the hidden node problem, iii) relay nodes can transmit and receive the packets simultaneously by multi-channel and multiple transceivers. With this decomposition of the network, we focus on the delay at a single zone and then the end-to-end delay can be obtained as the sum of zone-delays. In order to have the location-independent end-to-end delay to the gateway regardless of source nodes' locations, we propose two packet management schemes, called the differentiated CW policy and the strict priority policy, at each relay node where relay packets with longer hop count are buffered in higher priority queues according to their experienced hop count. For the differentiated CW policy, a relay node adopts the functionality of IEEE 802.11e EDCA where a higher priority queue has a shorter minimum contention window. We model a typical zone as a one-hop IEEE 802.11e EDCA network under non-saturation condition where priority queues have different packet arrival rates and different minimum contention window sizes. First, we find the PGF (probability generating function) of the HoL-delay of packets at priority queues in a zone. Second, by modeling each queue as M/G/1 queue with the HoL-delay as a service time, we obtain the packet delay (the sum of the queueing delay and the HoL-delay) of each priority queue in a zone. Third, the average end-to-end delay of packet generated at end node in each zone is obtained by summing up the packet delays at each zone. For the strict priority policy, we regard a relay node as a single queueing system with multiple priority queues where relay packets in priority queues are served in the order of strict priority. Relay node has smaller CWmin than end node has and relay node competes with end nodes in a zone. Using the PGF of HoL-delay of packet at relay node and end node, we obtain the packet delay in a zone. The average end-to-end delay to the gateway generated at end node in each zone is obtained. Finally, for both the differentiated CW policy and strict priority policy, by equating all end-to-end delays to be approximately equal, we find the minimum contention window sizes of each priority queue numerically by trial and error method so that end-to-end delays of packets are almost equal regardless of their source's location, respectively. Numerical results show that proposed two methods obtain almost same end-to-end delay of packets regardless of their generated locations and our analytical results are shown to be well matched with the simulation results.