gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Copper Diamidocarbene Complexes: Characterization of Monomeric to Tetrameric Species (2014)

Treatment of CuCl with 1 equiv of the in situ prepared N-mesityl-substituted diamidocarbene 6-MesDAC produced a mixture of the dimeric and trimeric copper complexes [(6-MesDAC)CuCl]2 (1) and [(6-MesDAC)2(CuCl)3] (2). Combining CuCl with isolated, free 6-MesDAC in 1:1 and 3:2 ratios gave just 1 and 2, respectively, while increasing the ratio to >5:1 allowed the isolation of small amounts of the tetrameric copper complex [(6-MesDAC)2(CuCl)4] (3). Efforts to bring about metathesis reactions of 1 with MO(t)Bu (M = Li, Na, K) proved successful only for M = Li to afford the spectroscopically characterized ate product [(6-MesDAC)CuCl·LiO(t)Bu·2THF] (5). Attempts to crystallize this species instead gave a 1:1 mixture of 1 and the monomer [(6-MesDAC)CuCl] (6). The X-ray structures of 1-3 and 1 + 6, along with the cation [Cu(6-MesDAC)2](+) (4), have been determined.
[P1–180]: DISTINCT Aβ PRODUCTION IN STEM CELL‐DERIVED CORTICAL NEURONS FROM PATIENTS WITH FAD MUTATION (2017)

Mutations in the APP and PSEN1 genes can alter amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide production and lead to inherited forms of Alzheimer's disease (fAD). Characterisation of the consequences of these mutations in humans is still limited. We investigated the production of Aβ and total tau (T-tau) across three fAD-linked mutations in the media of cultured human neurons. Cortical neurons were induced from six induced pluripotent stem cell lines (iPSC) and one embryonic stem (ES) cell line. Three non-neurodegenerative controls (two iPSC and one hESC) were used together with an APP V717l mutation (one patient, two clones), a PSEN1 intron 4 deletion (one patient, two clones) and a PSEN1 M139V mutation (one patient, one clone). 48 hour conditioned media was collected from three inductions of each line at days 100 and 200 post-induction. Samples were assayed for Aβ38/40/42 and T-tau using a Meso Scale Discovery SECTOR 6000. All following results are presented as the average of day 100 and 200 ± standard error. Variation in absolute biomarker concentrations was within acceptable limits for Aβ (7.9%CV±0.5), but high for T-tau (16.8%CV±1.8). Inductions of the same cell line displayed variation similar to that between cell lines. However, ratios of Aβ peptides were highly consistent over time (3.4%CV±0.3). All control lines secreted Aβ in similar ratios (Aβ42:40 = 0.1±<0.1, Aβ42:38 = 0.4±<0.1, Aβ40:38 = 4.0±<0.1). Versus controls, APP cells demonstrated increased Aβ42:40 (0.2±<0.1), slightly increased Aβ42:38 (0.5±<0.1), and decreased Aβ40:38 (2.5±<0.1). PSEN1 intron 4 deletion cells had increased Aβ42:40 (0.2±<0.1), increased Aβ42:38 (1.2±<0.1) and increased Aβ40:38 (5.3±<0.1). PSEN1 M139V cells had increased Aβ42:40 (0.2±<0.1), increased Aβ42:38 (0.9±<0.1), and slightly increased Aβ40:38 (4.4±<0.1). Aβ:T-tau ratios were highly variable (23.8%CV±<1.8) and yielded little distinction between cell lines, although tau decreased in relation to Aβ over the time course. Human cortical neurons harbouring specific fAD mutations all increased Aβ42:40 secretion into the extracellular space (by approximately two-fold) versus controls. The Aβ40:38 ratio distinguished well between different mutations, and may shed light on the question of γ-secretase cleavage pathways for the generation of Aβ.
Second-Order Cyclostationarity of Cyclically Prefixed Single Carrier Linear Digital Modulations with Applications to Signal Recognition (2008)

The second-order cyclostationarity of cyclically prefixed single carrier linear digital (CP-tSCLD) modulated signals is investigated with emphasis on its applicability to signal recognition. Analytical closed-form expressions for the second-order (one-conjugate) cyclic cumulants (CCs) and the set of cycle frequencies (CFs) for CP-SCLD modulated signals are derived. Based on these results, an algorithm is proposed for the recognition of CP-tSCLD against SCLD and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signals. This algorithm obviates the need for signal pre-processing tasks, such as symbol timing, carrier and waveform recovery and estimation of signal and noise powers.
Management of a secure WWW-based document store (2002)

This paper describes the design of a manageable WWW based secure multimedia document store. This store consist of two main components, one offering the core service functionality and the other providing the management. Only the seamless integration of these components in conjunction with the store's security features into a comprehensive multimedia teleservice will offer the opportunity to use it in the currently evolving pan-European "Open Service Market". The design approach discussed in this document is based on ODP concepts, covering an enterprise model, an computational model and a technology model. The focus of this paper will be on the service session model, the CORBA and Java based management system and the security architecture.
Immunopharmacology of Antibiotics: Direct and Indirect Immunomodulation of Defence Mechanisms (2001)

Antibiotics can alter the host's reaction to an infection (itself an immunomodulating event) in various ways. Indirect actions involve killing of bacteria, changing the intestinal flora, intrinsic antigenicity and preventing bacteria making virulence factors. Direct actions are upon phagocytic function, chemotaxis and lymphocyte activities. Immunomodulation can be positive ("pro-host") or negative, and can be quantitated by means of the parameter "immune index". Among the cephalosporins, cefodizime shows the greatest positive immunomodulating activity, due to the unique nature of the 3-sidechain. Cefotaxime has an immunodepressing effect in vitro. The oral cephalosporin cefaclor appears to have a beneficial effect on polymorph function. While immunomodulation by antibiotics may appear marked in in vitro and ex vivo experiments, and in animal models, this phenomenon does not appear to have decisive effects therapeutically.
Pathophysiology of Transient Corneal Edema and Pseudophakic Cystoid Macular Edema (2015)

We read with interest the article titled "Transient corneal edema is a predictive factor for pseudophakic cystoid macular edema after uncomplicated cataract surgery" [1], in which the authors found that transient corneal edema (TCE) following cataract surgery is a predictive factor of pseudophakic cystoid macular edema (PCME).The study was well designed and conducted and answered a question that we thought we might know but never really studied.However, although the authors suggested that TCE and PCME may partly share the same etiologies of inflammation, we would like to point out that TCE and PCME may have different pathophysiologies.As the authors described, PCME may be caused by disruption of the blood-aqueous and blood-retinal barriers due to postoperative inflammation [2].Postoperative anterior chamber (AC) reaction is also caused by destruction of the blood-aqueous barrier and reflects the degree of inflammation; thus, increased AC reaction is associated with development of PCME [3].However, TCE is caused by endothelial cell damage due to ultrasound energy, direct mechanical trauma or toxicity of the irrigating solution [4], rather than by disruption of the blood barriers.TCE tends to occur more frequently in cases with increased surgical difficulty, such as advanced age, increased nuclear density, narrower AC, small pupil, floppy iris syndrome and pseudoexfoliation syndrome, in which a larger amount of ultrasound energy is used, mechanical trauma to corneal endothelial cells is frequent and the toxic effect of the irrigation solution increases with operation time.The authors also demonstrated that patients with
Emerging approaches for treatment of schizophrenia: modulation of cholinergic signaling. (2012)

Currently available therapeutic agents for treatment of schizophrenia target signaling by monoaminergic neurotransmitters; however, these treatments do not adequately treat the range of symptoms observed in patients. While these therapies treat the positive symptoms, they do not have efficacy in treating the negative symptoms and cognitive deficits that are associated with the disease. Evidence suggests that molecules that modulate signaling by the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) could provide a more comprehensive treatment of schizophrenia than currently prescribed antipsychotics. Molecules that broadly increase ACh-signaling have been demonstrated to have efficacy in treating numerous symptom clusters in schizophrenia patients. Unfortunately, these compounds induce adverse effects via activation of peripheral receptors that limit their clinical utility. One proposed strategy for retaining the efficacy of cholinergic treatments, without the adverse effects, is to target specific cholinergic receptor subtypes in the brain. Several cholinergic receptors are able to modulate brain circuits that are dysregulated in schizophrenia patients including receptors belonging to both the muscarinic family (i.e., M1, M4, and M5), and the nicotinic family (i.e., α7, α4β2). Recently, great strides have been made in developing small molecules with high specificity for these receptors, and several of these novel molecules have robust efficacy in several preclinical models predictive of both anti-psychotic and pro-cognitive effectiveness. Promising studies suggest that targeting M1 and α7 may be beneficial for pro-cognitive effects, while molecules that target M4 may be ideally suited to address the positive symptoms. Since these receptor subtypes are distinct from those responsible for the adverse effects observed with non-selective cholinergic treatments, there is hope that molecules targeting these receptors could provide novel therapeutics. Further research is needed to examine the utility of such compounds as therapeutics that could be used either alone, or in combination with existing medications, to better treat schizophrenia.
Human Acyl-Coenzyme A:Cholesterol Acyltransferase 1 (acat1) Sequences Located in Two Different Chromosomes (7 and 1) Are Required to Produce a Novel ACAT1 Isoenzyme with Additional Sequence at the N Terminus (2004)

A rare form of human ACAT1 mRNA, containing the optional long 5'-untranslated region, is produced as a 4.3-kelonucleotide chimeric mRNA through a novel interchromosomal trans-splicing of two discontinuous RNAs transcribed from chromosomes 1 and 7. To investigate its function, we express the chimeric ACAT1 mRNA in Chinese hamster ovary cells and show that it can produce a larger ACAT1 protein, with an apparent molecular mass of 56 kDa on SDS-PAGE, in addition to the normal, 50-kDa ACAT1 protein, which is produced from the ACAT1 mRNAs without the optional long 5'-untranslated repeat. To produce the 56-kDa ACAT1, acat1 sequences located at both chromosomes 7 and 1 are required. The 56-kDa ACAT1 can be recognized by specific antibodies prepared against the predicted additional amino acid sequence located upstream of the N-terminal of the ACAT1(ORF). The translation initiation codon for the 56-kDa protein is GGC, which encodes for glycine, as deduced by mutation analysis and mass spectrometry. Similar to the 50-kDa protein, when expressed alone, the 56-kDa ACAT1 is located in the endoplasmic reticulum and is enzymatically active. The 56-kDa ACAT1 is present in native human cells, including human monocyte-derived macrophages. Our current results show that the function of the chimeric ACAT1 mRNA is to increase the ACAT enzyme diversity by producing a novel isoenzyme. To our knowledge, our result provides the first mammalian example that a trans-spliced mRNA produces a functional protein.
Allelopathic effect of Prymnesium parvum on a natural plankton community (2003)

The allelopathic effect of Prymnesium parvum (Prymnesiophyta), which produces toxins with haemolytic, ichthyotoxic and cytotoxic properties, was investigated on a natural plankton community. Under controlled conditions, 3 laboratory bioassays were performed by adding cell-free filtrate from a P. parvum culture into different size fractions (<150, <100 and 20 to 150 m) of a natural Baltic Sea plankton community. The effect of P. parvum cell-free filtrate was determined by measuring chlorophyll a, cell numbers (phytoplankton, ciliates, bacteria), carbon ( 14 C) uptake by phytoplankton and the incorporation of 3 H-leucine by bacteria. P. parvum cell-free filtrate affected the whole phytoplankton community, resulting in a decrease in both chlorophyll a and carbon uptake. Furthermore, the plankton groups present in the community exhibited different sensitivity to the cellfree filtrate. While growth of cyanobacteria and dinoflagellates was inhibited, that of diatoms and ciliates was not only completely suppressed, but no cells were present at the end of the experiment in the bottles with P. parvum filtrate. In all experiments, therefore, cyanobacteria and dinoflagellates were the most resistant groups, which led to their dominance in the treatments with filtrate compared to controls. Bacterial production was also negatively affected by P. parvum filtrate. The results show that compounds released by P. parvum induce changes in the plankton community structure, killing other members of the marine food-web, especially other phytoplankton (allelopathy), and suggest that secreted compounds of P. parvum are inhibitory to potential grazers (ciliates). It is proposed that allelopathy is an important process in the ecology of P. parvum.
Full-rate full-diversity space-frequency block coding for digital TV broadcasting (2010)

The goal of the future terrestrial and mobile digital video broadcasting standards is to combine diversity and spatial multiplexing in order to fully exploit the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel capacity. Full-rate full-diversity (FR-FD) space-time codes (STC) such as the Golden code, that maximize the rate preserving the diversity gain, are studied for that purpose. Most of them present a high-complexity detection problem which results in a handicap for their hardware implementation. Therefore, we analyze the performance of a sub-optimal full-rate full-diversity 2×2 STC, whose design reduces the complexity of the detection, as an alternative for future MIMO broadcasting TV systems. The assessment of the proposed STC code is carried out over the bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) scheme of DVB-T2 system which includes low-density parity check (LDPC) codes for error correction. Finally, soft STC list detection is studied in order to generate soft information for LDPC decoding.
A New Asymmetric Synthesis of .alpha.-Methylcysteines via Chiral Aziridines (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA New Asymmetric Synthesis of .alpha.-Methylcysteines via Chiral AziridinesHui Shao, Qin Zhu, and Murray GoodmanCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 4, 790–791Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00109a004https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00109a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1221Altmetric-Citations60LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Peptide templated glycosidic bond formation: a new strategy for oligosaccharide synthesis† (1999)

Glycosidation reactions performed between glycosyl donors and acceptors covalently linked to a peptide template produced increased regio- and stereo-selectivities, which were dependent on the nature of the peptide, and which may be rationalised by simple molecular modelling.
Eine einfache und allgemeine Methode zur Herstellung von α-Disulfonen (R1SO2SO2R2) (1993)

A Facile and General Method for the Preparation of α-Disulfones (R1SO2SO2R2) Dialkyl, diaryl and alkyl aryl disulfones are easily prepared by oxidation of N,N′-disulfonylhydrazines with nitric acid. The method is compatible with a wide variety of substituents (R1,R2) on the sulfur atoms.
Fluorescence imaging of dendritic spines of Golgi-Cox-stained neurons using brightening background (2015)

We report a novel fluorescence imaging approach to imaging nonfluorescence-labeled biological tissue samples. The method was demonstrated by imaging neurons in Golgi-Cox-stained and epoxy-resin-embedded samples through the excitation of the background fluorescence of the specimens. The dark neurons stood out clearly against background fluorescence in the images, enabling the tracing of a single dendritic spine using both confocal and wide-field fluorescence microscopy. The results suggest that the reported fluorescence imaging method would provide an effective alternative solution to image nonfluorescence-labeled samples, and it allows tracing the dendritic spine structure of neurons.
Predictors of Vitamin B6 and Folate Concentrations in Older Persons: The InCHIANTI Study (2006)

Low serum vitamin B6, but not serum folate, concentrations are independent correlates of the proinflammatory state, and both are influenced by antioxidant reserves.
In Vitro Metabolism of Tolcapone to Reactive Intermediates:  Relevance to Tolcapone Liver Toxicity (2003)

Tolcapone is a catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitor used for control of motor fluctuations in Parkinson's disease (PD). Since its entry onto the market in 1998, tolcapone has been associated with numerous cases of hepatotoxicity, including three cases of fatal fulminant hepatic failure. The cause of this toxicity is not known; however, it does not occur with the use of the structurally similar drug entacapone. It is known that tolcapone is metabolized to amine (M1) and acetylamine (M2) metabolites in humans, but that the analogous metabolites were not detected in a limited human study of entacapone metabolism. We hypothesized that one or both of these tolcapone metabolites could be oxidized to reactive species and that these reactive metabolites might play a role in tolcapone-induced hepatocellular injury. To investigate this possibility, we examined the ability of M1 and M2 to undergo in vitro bioactivation by electrochemical and enzymatic methods. Electrochemical experiments revealed that M1 and M2 are more easily oxidized than the parent compound, in the order M1 > M2 > tolcapone. There was a general correlation between oxidation potential and the half-lives of the compounds in the presence of two oxidizing systems, horseradish peroxidase and myeloperoxidase. These enzymes catalyzed the oxidation of M1 and M2 to reactive species that could be trapped with glutathione (GSH) to form metabolite adducts (C1 and C2). Each metabolite was found to only form one GSH conjugate, and the structures were tentatively identified using LC-MS/MS. Following incubation of M1 and M2 with human liver microsomes in the presence of GSH, the same adducts were observed, and their structures were confirmed using LC-MS/MS and (1)H NMR. Experiments with chemical P450 inhibitors and cDNA-expressed P450 enzymes revealed that this oxidation is catalyzed by several P450s, and that P450 2E1 and 1A2 play the primary role in the formation of C1 while P450 1A2 is most important for the production of C2. Taken together, these data provide evidence that tolcapone-induced hepatotoxicity may be mediated through the oxidation of the known urinary metabolites M1 and M2 to reactive intermediates. These reactive species may form covalent adducts to hepatic proteins, resulting in damage to liver tissues, although this supposition was not investigated in this study.
<title>Industrial web inspection for manufacturing process understanding and control</title> (1999)

Many industrial manufacturing processes are not well understood and are treated as `black art' with few experts able to control the process and ensure product quality. However, modern manufacturing companies are finding it increasingly difficult to compete in the global marketplace without better process understanding and control. Automated inspection systems for general manufacturing have become more feasible through technical advances, primarily in sensor and computing technology. However, these systems have been used almost exclusively for the detection and subsequent removal of well defined, discrete defects from the product; thus guaranteeing high quality for the customer. This paper describes a larger opportunity to affect operations by employing web inspection techniques to dynamically analyze manufacturing conditions rather than just detecting the presence of defective material. One can then keep the process under better control, thereby eliminating defects, ensuring product quality, and optimizing manufacturing time on the production line. Specific image and data processing techniques will be illustrated including product uniformity metrics, automatic determination of thresholds for blob analysis, and localization of repeating defects within production data. The benefit of these techniques will be demonstrated through `real-world' examples of web-based manufactured products.
A single administration of fluoxetine induces lipid accumulation in mouse liver (2012)

Objective:To observe the effects of fluoxetine on the lipid metabolism in mouse liver and investigate the mechanisms.Methods:All mice received an intraperitoneal injection of saline(control),fluoxetine(10 mg / kg or 25 mg / kg) or clozapine(25 mg / kg).The mice were sacrificed at 6h or 24h after injection,and the livers were collected.Liver neutral lipid was determined by oil red O staining.Liver triglyceride and total cholesterol were measured by test kits.Liver sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c(SREBP1c),acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1(ACC1) and fatty acid synthase(FAS) as well as carboxylesterase 1(CES1) and carboxylesterase 3(CES3) protein levels were determined by Western Blot.Results:Acute fluoxetine treatment induced hepatic lipid accumulation in mouse liver.Furthermore,the expression of ACC1 and FAS was evidently elevated while the expression of triacylglycerol hydrolases,CES1 and CES3 was suppressed by fluoxetine.Meanwhile,the expression of SREBP1c,a lipid-modulating transcription factor,was also stimulated by fluoxetine.Conclusion:These data suggest that fluoxetine may upregulate lipogenesis via SREBP1c,as well as downregulate lipolysis in mouse liver,resulting in hepatic lipid accumulation.
MicroRNA profiling of dogs with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder using blood and urine samples (2017)

Our combined data indicate a potential role for miR-103b and miR-16 as diagnostic urine biomarkers for TCC, and that further investigation of miR-103b and miR-16 in the dysregulation of coordinated miRNA expression in bladder carcinogenesis is warranted.