gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A wireless self-powered urinary incontinence sensor system (2009)

A self-powered urinary incontinence sensor system consisting of a disposable urine-activated coin battery and a wireless transmitter has been developed as an application for wireless sensor networks. The urine-activated battery makes possible both the sensing of urine leakage and self-powered operation. An intermittent power-supply circuit that uses an electrical double-layer capacitor (EDLC) with a small internal resistance suppresses the supply voltage drop due to the large internal resistance of the battery. This circuit and a 1-V SAW oscillator reduce the power dissipation of a wireless transmitter. The SAW oscillator quickly responds to the on-off control of the power supply, which makes it suitable for intermittent operation. To verify the effectiveness of the circuit scheme, we fabricated a prototype sensor system. When the volume of urine is 0.2 ml, the battery outputs a voltage of over 1.3 V; and the sensor system can transmit signals over a distance of 50 cm.
Throughput maximization for ARQ-like systems in fading channels with coding and queuing delay constraints (2005)

Practical delay-limited communication systems often employ retransmission algorithms such as ARQ to ensure reliable communications in fading channels. Maximizing the communications throughput in such systems can cause excessive queueing delays due to the random number of retransmission attempts required for each codeword. In this paper we consider the problem of delay-limited throughput maximization with a constraint on the expected waiting-time, which incorporates both queueing and coding delays. We explore the trade-off between queueing and coding delays and propose a novel queue management technique for fading channels.
Ascorbate-mediated transplasma membrane electron transport in pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (1998)

Pulmonary endothelial cells are capable of reducing certain electron acceptors at the luminal plasma membrane surface. Motivation for studying this phenomenon comes in part from the expectation that it may be important both as an endothelial antioxidant defense mechanism and in redox cycling of toxic free radicals. Pulmonary arterial endothelial cells in culture reduce the oxidized forms of thiazine compounds that have been used as electron acceptor probes for studying the mechanisms of transplasma membrane electron transport. However, they reduce another commonly studied electron acceptor, ferricyanide, only very slowly by comparison. In the present study, we examined the influence of ascorbate [ascorbic acid (AA)] and dehydroascorbate [dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA)] on the ferricyanide and thiazine reductase activities of the bovine pulmonary arterial endothelial cell surface. The endothelial cells were grown on microcarrier beads so that the reduction of ferricyanide and methylene blue could be studied colorimetrically in spectrophotometer cuvettes and in flow-through cell columns. The ferricyanide reductase activity could be increased 80-fold by adding DHAA to the medium, with virtually no effect on methylene blue reduction. The DHAA effect persisted after the DHAA was removed from the medium. AA also stimulated the ferricyanide reductase activity but was less potent, and the relative potencies of AA and DHAA correlated with their relative rates of uptake by the cells. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that AA is an intracellular electron donor for an endothelial plasma membrane ferricyanide reductase and that the stimulatory effect of DHAA is the result of increasing intracellular AA. Adding sufficient DHAA to markedly increase extracellular ferricyanide reduction had little effect on the plasma membrane methylene blue reductase activity, suggesting that pulmonary arterial endothelial cells have at least two separate transplasma membrane electron transport systems.
Serological cross-reactivity of Trypanosoma cruzi, Ehrlichia canis, Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum and Babesia canis to Leishmania infantum chagasi tests in dogs (2014)

Our results demonstrated that the presence of other infectious agents may lead to cross-reactivity on leishmaniasis serological tests.
Safe Treatment of Roadside Cross-Drainage Structures (1981)

The purpose of the research was to develop traffic-safe end treatments for cross-drainage structures that would not appreciably restrict water flow. Cross-drainage culverts are used to convey water under the highway. Preliminary designs were first evaluated in a test pit in which the culvert clear open space could be varied. The pit was also used to determine an acceptable spacing for grates on larger culvert openings. Subcompact and full-size automobiles were used in each test pit run. Tentative end treatments developed in the test pit runs were then subjected to full-scale prototype testing. These tests involved evaluation of the end treatments on a 5:1 slde slope with both a subcompact automobile and a full-size automobile. The end treatments were subjected to tests at both 20 mph and 60 mph. A cost/benefit analysis was conducted to develop guidelines that identify conditions warranting culvert safety treatment.
Manufacture of Carbon Multi-Walled Nanotubes by the Arc Discharge Technique (2007)

Abstract — This study focuses on the manufacture of carbon nanotubes using the arc discharge method. Several independent variables were changed, such as the current (80 and 100 A), an atmosphere of open air or argon and the catalyst (no catalyst, Fe or a mixture of Fe/Co,Ni). Only one set of parameters yielded MWNTs, involving Fe as the catalyst and an open air atmosphere. Index Terms — carbon nanotubes, MWNTs, arc discharge I.
Ehlers Danlos syndrome type VIIB. Incomplete cleavage of abnormal type I procollagen by N-proteinase in vitro results in the formation of copolymers of collagen and partially cleaved pNcollagen that are near circular in cross-section. (1992)

We have shown that a child with Ehlers Danlos syndrome (EDS) type VII has a G to A transition at the first nucleotide of intron 6 in one of her COL1A2 alleles. Half of the cDNA clones prepared from the proband's pro alpha 2(I) mRNA lacked exon 6. The type I procollagen secreted by the proband's dermal fibroblasts in culture was purified, and collagen fibrils were generated in vitro by cleavage of the procollagen with the procollagen N- and C-proteinases. Incubation of the procollagen with N-proteinase resulted in a 1:1 mixture of pCcollagen and uncleaved procollagen. Incubation of this mixture with C-proteinase generated collagen and abnormal pNcollagen (pNcollagen-ex6) that readily copolymerized into fibrils. By electron microscopy these fibrils resembled the hieroglyphic fibrils seen in the N-proteinase-deficient skin of dermatosparactic animals and humans and were distinct from the near circular cross-section fibrils seen in the tissues of individuals with EDS type VII. Further incubation of the hieroglyphic fibrils with N-proteinase resulted in partial cleavage of the pNcollagen-ex6 in which the abnormal pN alpha 2(I) chains remained intact. These fibrils were not hieroglyphic but were near circular in cross-section. Fibrils formed from collagen and pNcollagen-ex6 that had been partially cleaved with elevated amounts of N-proteinase prior to fibril formation were also near circular in cross-section. The results are consistent with a model of collagen fibril formation in which the intact N-propeptides are located exclusively at the surface of the hieroglyphic fibrils. Partial cleavage of the pNcollagen-ex6 by N-proteinase allows the N-propeptides to be incorporated within the body of the fibrils. The model provides an explanation for the morphology and molecular composition of collagen fibrils in the tissues of patients with EDS type VII.
Statistical recognition of motion patterns (2003)

This paper addresses the problem of people detection in dynamic environments in real-time and the extraction of typical motion patterns. The need for estimation of peoples movements with a mobile robot is essential for many applications in the field of service robotics. One key prerequisite for a machine to interact intelligently with people is its ability to recognize humans and their behavior. This paper presents an approach for tracking people in dynamic environments and to determine their behavior.
Unpacking inquiry skills from content knowledge in geoscience: a research and development study with implications for assessment design (2010)

Recently there has been expressed need for authentic inquiry assessments that can differentiate students' content knowledge from their inquiry skills. Additionally there has been expressed need for such assessments particularly in the geosciences, given the nature of the visualisations, the datasets and the form of communication (i.e., topographical maps, cross-sectional drawings, etc.) used. In response to these calls, we first designed a supplemental instructional and assessment module for honing middle school students' content knowledge and inquiry skills in the domain of geosciences, namely, plate boundaries. Secondly, we evaluated, using our assessment tasks, six classes of middle school students' content knowledge and inquiry skills in this domain. Thirdly, we used factor analysis to empirically demonstrate that content knowledge and inquiry skills can be assessed as separate forms of knowledge. Five factors were empirically demonstrated: some of these represent content knowledge exclusively, some of these represent inquiry skills exclusively, and some of these include both content and inquiry within the same strand. Results are discussed with regard to instructional implications and assessment design.
Multilayered Mobility Management for Survivable Network (2001)

A variety of mobility management scheme have been developed for commercial networks ranging from Mobile IP (network layer support), to the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) based on application layer support such as DNS and SMTP, and Micro-Mobility approaches like Cellular IP, HAWAII. There are significant challenges, however, with regard to the robustness, management overhead requirements and latency in each of these approaches, especially in military environments such as ACN (Airborne Communication Node) so as to provide continuous connectivity between the nodes for real-time and non-realtime traffic. We propose to dramatically improve mobility management of the terrestrial networks to provide support for ACN by developing an integrated mobility management approach that both meets the needs of end-user applications and deals with the harsh networking environment where ACN will be deployed. This approach is based on the concept of dynamic servers, provided on the ACN platform, that enhance the mobility of nodes when ACN is present. Unlike in the fixed Internet, where such servers are always present, our approach requires the development of robust mechanisms that allow the servers to advertise their existence to terrestrial nodes and to synchronize with each other and with their terrestrial peers to ensure coherency. Proposed approach provides a multi-layered mobility management solution. It provides personal and terminal mobility for real-time traffic such as voice-over-IP or video streaming through deployment of dynamic SIP and DNS servers on the ACN. It provides network layer support through the use of Mobile IP with Location Registers (MIP-LR) for non-real-time applications. MIP-LR significantly improves Mobile IP survivability and performance by allowing replicat...
Combined search for the Standard Model Higgs boson inppcollisions ats=7  TeVwith the ATLAS detector (2012)

A combined search for the Standard Model Higgs boson with the ATLAS detector at the LHC is presented. The data sets used correspond to integrated luminosities from 4:6 fb 1 to 4:9 fb 1 of protonproton collisions collected at ffiffi ffi s p 7 TeV in 2011. The Higgs boson mass ranges of 111.4 GeV to 116.6 GeV, 119.4 GeV to 122.1 GeV, and 129.2 GeV to 541 GeV are excluded at the 95% confidence level, while the range 120 GeV to 560 GeV is expected to be excluded in the absence of a signal. An excess of events is observed at Higgs boson mass hypotheses around 126 GeV with a local significance of 2.9 standard deviations (). The global probability for the background to produce an excess at least as significant anywhere in the entire explored Higgs boson mass range of 110-600 GeV is estimated to be $15%, corresponding to a significance of approximately 1.
Associations of Daytime, Nighttime, and 24‐Hour Heart Rate With Four Distinct Markers of Inflammation in Hypertensive Patients: The Styrian Hypertension Study (2014)

The current study assessed which measure of heart rate (HR) is most associated with inflammatory activity. Among 368 hypertensive patients (mean age±standard deviation, 60.6±10.8; 52.9% women), mean daytime (from 6 am to 10 pm), nighttime (from 10 pm to 6 am), and 24-hour HR were recorded using a continuous 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring portable device. Associations of daytime, nighttime, and 24-hour HR with leukocytes, platelets, C-reactive protein (CRP), and 25-hydroxyvitamin D were calculated using multivariate linear regression, reporting unstandardized coefficients (B) with standard errors (SEs). Mean daytime, nighttime, and 24-hour HR were 73, 64, and 71 beats per minute, respectively. All HR measures were positively associated with leukocytes after adjustment. Nighttime HR was additionally related with higher CRP. When all HR measures were simultaneously added to a single multivariate model, only the positive associations of nighttime HR with leukocytes (B [SE]=0.06 [0.03], P=.04), as well as with CRP (B [SE]=0.20 [0.07], P=.005), persisted. Nighttime HR was more closely associated with inflammatory activity. These observations lend some insight toward the pathophysiological mechanisms that implicate HR in cardiovascular risk and provide valuable direction for forthcoming investigations.
Simultaneous organic carbon, nutrients removal and energy production in a photomicrobial fuel cell (PFC) (2011)

A sediment-type photomicrobial fuel cell (PFC), based on the synergistic interaction between microalgae (Chlorella vulgaris) and electrochemically active bacteria, was developed to remove carbon and nutrients from wastewater, and produce electricity and algal biomass simultaneously. Under illumination, a stable power density of 68 ± 5 mW m−2 and a biomass of 0.56 ± 0.02 g L−1 were generated at an initial algae concentration of 3.5 g L−1. Accordingly, the removal efficiency of organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus was 99.6%, 87.6% and 69.8%, respectively. Mass balance analysis suggested the main removal mechanism of nitrogen and phosphorus was the algae biomass uptake (75% and 93%, respectively), while the nitrification and denitrification process contributed to a part of nitrogen removal (22%). In addition, the effect of illumination period on the performance of PFC was investigated. Except notable fluctuation of power generation, carbon and nutrients removal was not significantly affected after changing the light/dark photoperiod from 24 h/0 h to 10 h/14 h. This work represents the first successful attempt to develop an effective bacteria–algae coupled system, capable for extracting energy and removing carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater in one-step.
Data from Copper Chelation Inhibits BRAF<sup>V600E</sup>-Driven Melanomagenesis and Counters Resistance to BRAF<sup>V600E</sup> and MEK1/2 Inhibitors (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;MEK1/2 and BRAF&lt;sup&gt;V600E&lt;/sup&gt; inhibitors are used to treat BRAF&lt;sup&gt;V600E&lt;/sup&gt;-positive melanoma, with other cancers under evaluation. Genetic perturbation of copper import or pharmacologic reduction of copper with the clinical copper chelator TTM inhibits MEK1/2 kinase activity and reduces BRAF&lt;sup&gt;V600E&lt;/sup&gt;-driven tumorigenesis. In this study, we report that TTM inhibited transformed growth of melanoma cell lines resistant to BRAF or MEK1/2 inhibitors and enhanced the antineoplastic activity of these inhibitors. TTM also provided a survival advantage in a genetically engineered mouse model of melanoma, and when accounting for putative overdosing, trended toward an increase in the survival benefit afforded by BRAF inhibition. This effect was phenocopied by genetically inhibiting copper import in tumors, which was linked to a reduction in MAPK signaling. Thus, TTM reduces copper levels and MAPK signaling, thereby inhibiting BRAF&lt;sup&gt;V600E&lt;/sup&gt;-driven melanoma tumor growth. These observations inform and support clinical evaluation of TTM in melanoma. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 77(22); 6240–52. ©2017 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Spatial Dependence of the Nonlinear BOLD Response at Short Stimulus Duration (2002)

Most functional magnetic resonance imaging studies use linear models to predict the measured response by convolution of an impulse response with the stimulus profile. Using very short visual presentation times (&lt;2 s), deviation from the linear model in the measured BOLD data from the human brain was found for the response integral, amplitude, and width. In this study, high temporal and spatial resolution were used to quantify nonlinear effects and investigate the spatial dependence. Data at 4 Tesla showed at short stimulus duration a nonlinearity, i.e., deviation from a linear model, with an index up to 400, whereas data at 7 Tesla exhibited a nonlinearity index up to 40. The effect was more pronounced for response amplitude than for response area. A reduced width and sharpening of responses at shorter stimulus duration was also found. A voxel-based analysis of 7 Tesla data with 1.2 × 1.2 × 2 mm3 resolution revealed a correlation between response onset and nonlinearity index. This suggests that the nonlinearity effects are a tissue-specific phenomenon and are likely to be more localized to the site of neuronal activity. The observed magnetic field dependence and the demonstrated nonlinearity in the response width support the hypothesis that the source of the nonlinearity at short stimulus duration has a considerable hemodynamic contribution. The nonlinearity was modeled as a “switch”-type initial hemodynamic response onset. Understanding these nonlinearities in the BOLD response is important for design and the analysis of rapid event-related fMRI experiments with brief stimulus presentations.
Use of Glutaraldehyde-Modified Timothy Grass Pollen Extract in Nasal Hyposensitisation Treatment of Hay Fever (1979)

12 patients suffering from grass pollen hay fever were treated for 14 weeks pre- and co-seasonally by intranasal self-administration of an aqueous solution of a glutaraldehyde-treated timothy grass pollen allergen. These patients had a statistically significant decrease in nasal symptom scores during the grass pollen peak period and in nasal challenge end-point titre after the season compared to placebo-treated patients. No significant effect was seen on the eye symptoms. 1 patient withdrew from the trial as a consequence of too strong local nasal reactions during treatment. Most other patients treated with active material reported mild local reactions during the first minutes after administration of the nasal spray. In the actively treated group a significant increase in serum and nasal secretion of grass pollen specific IgE, IgG and IgA antibodies was obtained during the treatment. In contrast, in the placebo group a significant increase in IgE antibody levels in serum and secretion occurred during the pollen season. The reduction in symptoms and increase in antibody production together with the simplicity of the procedure makes this approach to immunotherapy attractive.
Combining Model-Based and Feature-Driven Diagnosis Approaches – A Case Study on Electromechanical Actuators (2010)

Model-based diagnosis typically uses analytical redundancy to compare predictions from a model against observations from the system being diagnosed. However, this approach does not work very well when it is not feasible to create analytic relations describing all the observed data, e.g., for vibration data which is usually sampled at very high rates and requires very detailed finite element models to describe its behavior. In such cases, features (in time and frequency domains) that contain diagnostic information are extracted from the data. Since this is a computationally intensive process, it is not efficient to extract all the features all the time. In this paper we present an approach that combines the analytic model-based and feature-driven diagnosis approaches. The analytic approach is used to reduce the set of possible faults and then features are chosen to best distinguish among the remaining faults. We describe an implementation of this approach on the Flyable Electromechanical Actuator (FLEA) test bed.
Evaluation of Absorbable Gelatin Film (Gelfilm) in Cyclodialysis Clefts (1958)

When surgery is indicated in the management of glaucoma, the cyclodialysis operation provides an internal drainage mechanism which is thought by some to resemble most closely the physiologic state.<sup>1</sup>However, failure of the cleft to remain patent sometimes leads to an unsuccessful operation. In the past, foreign materials of many types,<sup>2-4</sup>magnesium, gold, platinum, stainless steel, etc., have been advocated as implants to keep the cleft open, but generally these have caused undue amounts of inflammatory reaction. The ideal substance to maintain patency of the cleft should be nonantigenic and should not give rise to severe inflammatory reaction; it should be absorbable but should be absorbed slowly enough to keep the cleft open while the postoperative reaction and hyphema subside. Except for its rather rapid absorption, an air bubble fulfills these requirements.<sup>5</sup>However, in cases where fibrosis is more marked postoperatively an air bubble is often inadequate.
INTRODUCTION (2015)

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