gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A physiological glucocorticoid rhythm is an important regulator of brown adipose tissue function (2021)

This study highlights that a physiological rhythm in glucocorticoids is an important regulator of BAT function and essential for the maintenance of metabolic health.
Controlled Release (2016)

Like most of the materials used by humans, polymeric materials are proposed in the literature and occasionally exploited clinically, as such, as devices or as part of devices, by surgeons, dentists, and pharmacists to treat traumata and diseases. Applications have in common the fact that polymers function in contact with animal and human cells, tissues, and/or organs. More recently, people have realized that polymers that are used as plastics in packaging, as colloidal suspension in paints, and under many other forms in the environment, are also in contact with living systems and raise problems related to sustainability, delivery of chemicals or pollutants, and elimination of wastes. These problems are basically comparable to those found in therapy. Last but not least, biotechnology and renewable resources are regarded as attractive sources of polymers. In all cases, water, ions, biopolymers, cells, and tissues are involved. Polymer scientists, therapists, biologists, and ecologists should thus use the same terminology to reflect similar properties, phenomena, and mechanisms. Of particular interest is the domain of the so-called “degradable or biodegradable polymers” that are aimed at providing materials with specific time-limited applications in medicine and in the environment where the respect of living systems, the elimination, and/or the bio-recycling are mandatory, at least ideally.
MRI in the diagnosis of sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease: a study on inter-observer agreement (2005)

According to the current WHO criteria, technical investigations included in the clinical diagnosis of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) are electroencephalogram (EEG) and CSF-analysis for 14-3-3 proteins. MRI is not a criterion for the diagnosis of sCJD, although typical changes have been described. We investigated the reliability of MRI in the sCJD diagnosis, evaluated MRI sequences and compared MRI with EEG and 14-3-3. This study includes 193 consecutive suspected sCJD patients who had been referred to the German CJD Surveillance Unit from 2001 to 2003. Three observers independently analysed MRI scans, blinded to clinical data. MRI was rated as 'typical for sCJD' if increased signal intensity was detected in the caudate nucleus and putamen. We analysed 442 MRI scans [184 T2-weighted sequences, 132 fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequences, 75 diffusion-weighted sequences and 51 proton-density weighted sequences]. Inter-observer agreement was 123 of 193 patients or 63.7% (overall kappa = 0.53). Sensitivity of MRI in clinically probable or autopsy-proven sCJD was 59.7% for Observer 1, 58.3% for Observer 2 and 70.8% for Observer 3; specificity was high (84.2, 89.5 and 81.6%, respectively). Diffusion-weighted sequences best showed the pathologic changes, followed by FLAIR. Periodic sharp and slow wave complexes were detected in the EEG in 32% (sensitivity), the 14-3-3 proteins in CSF were elevated in 91%. We conclude that the detection of hyperintense basal ganglia in MRI helps to improve the clinical diagnosis, and therefore, we propose to incorporate MRI in the diagnostic criteria for sCJD.
Polycystic kidney disease complicates renal pathology in a family with Fabry disease (2022)

Fabry disease is a rare lysosomal storage disorder that primarily affects the heart and kidneys, often presenting with reduced renal function. Polycystic kidney disease is a renal condition in which cysts are found, which have a different presentation than the cysts associated with Fabry disease. We report a 60-year-old male patient who was diagnosed with Fabry disease with the classic c.730G > A (p.Asp244Asn) variant of the <i>GLA</i> gene at 34 years of age. Fabry symptoms in this patient include hypohidrosis, hearing loss, corneal whorling, and edema. He also presented with polycystic kidney disease with multiple simple and mildly complex cysts on abdominal ultrasound. Family history of note included Fabry disease in his mother and maternal uncle as well as polycystic kidneys in his mother. Molecular analysis for polycystic kidney disease revealed a variant of uncertain significance (VUS) in the <i>PKD1</i> gene. Although the in silico studies of this VUS have inconclusive results, the patient fills clinical criteria of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, therefore, Fabry disease and polycystic kidney disease are considered two co-existing manifestations in this family. This case demonstrates the possibility of two renal comorbidities in the same individual and the risk of one diagnosis being overlooked by the other.
Flow and Optimal Difficulty in the Portable EEG: On the Potentiality of using Personalized Frequency Ranges for State Detection (2019)

The experience of flow has been centrally linked to peak task performances and heightened well-being. To more effectively elicit these outcomes, flow is increasingly studied using neurophysiological measures. For example, portable EEG is employed to enable automatic state detection required for adaptive system design. However, so far, there is a lack of highly diagnostic findings, and moderately diagnostic ones relate more strongly to a central flow pre-condition – namely optimal task difficulties. Unfortunately, even these metrics might be infeasible in real-world scenarios and for portable EEG systems without midline electrodes. In this work, we discuss how frequency band personalization and separation could provide options to overcome these problems. Results from an experiment with a task manipulated in difficulty highlight that upper Alpha and Beta ranges show differentiating patterns to their lower frequency counterparts (i.e. within bands). These sub-bands could be used to detect instances of higher flow and optimized difficulty using portable EEG.
Guiding and Focusing of Electromagnetic Fields with Wedge Plasmon Polaritons (2008)

We study theoretically electromagnetic modes guided by metallic wedges at telecom wavelengths. These modes are found to exhibit superior confinement while showing similar propagation loss as compared to other subwavelength guiding configurations. It is also shown that mode focusing can be realized by gradual modification of the wedge geometry along the mode propagation direction.
Modulating Inherent Lewis Acidity at the Intergrowth Interface of Mortise-Tenon Zeolite Catalyst (2021)

Abstract The tunability of local structures determines various catalytic performances of zeolite catalysts. The acid sites in zeolite catalysts are important local structures to control the products in methanol conversion. However, it remained still a great challenge to precisely design the acid sites, since there is a lack of controllable methods to generate and identify the acid sites with a high resolution. Here, we use the lattice mismatch of zeolite intergrowth to enrich the inherent Lewis acid sites (LASs) at the interface of a mortise-tenon ZSM-5 catalyst (ZSM-5-MT) showing a 90° intergrowth structure. ZSM-5-MT is formed by two perpendicular blocks that can be atomically resolved by the integrated differential phase contrast scanning transmission electron microscope (iDPC-STEM). It can be revealed by various methods that more framework-associated Al (Al FR ) LASs are generated in ZSM-5-MT than single-crystal ZSM-5 catalyst. Combining with the iDPC-STEM results, we demonstrate that the partial missing of O atoms at interfaces results in the formation of inherent LASs in ZSM-5-MT. According to the catalytic performances, LAS-enriched ZSM-5-MT shows a higher selectivity of light olefins than the single-crystal ZSM-5 catalyst in methanol conversion. These results provide an efficient strategy to design the Lewis acidity in zeolites for tailored catalytic functions via interface engineering.
Toward the Total Synthesis of FR901483:  Concise Synthesis of the Azatricyclic Skeleton (2007)

A concise synthesis of the azatricyclic core of FR901483 has been accomplished using a novel strategy that involves a nucleophilic addition to an N-acyl iminium ion, a ring-closing metathesis, a diastereoselective hydroboration, and a lactone-lactam rearrangement that worked well in a preliminary model study. Extension of this approach to the synthesis of a more highly functionalized intermediate that could be transformed into (-)-FR901483 first required the development of a new protecting group, the 1-ethylallyloxycarbamate group, for amines that may be removed under mild conditions. However, because the stereoselectivity in a key step in which a functionalized allyl zinc reagent was added to an intermediate hydroxy-substituted imine was low, this route to (-)-FR901483 is no longer being pursued.
Maintaining imbalance highly dependent medical data using dirichlet process data generation (2011)

The existence of imbalanced data between one class and another class is an important issue to be considered in a classification problem. One of the well-known data balancing technique is the artificial oversampling, which increase the size of datasets. In this research, multinomial classification was applied to classify some recorded features obtained from a single ECG (electrocardiograph) sensor. Therefore, a Dirichlet process, a dirichlet distribution of cumulative distribution function of each data partition, was needed to model the distribution of the new generated data by also considering the statistical properties of the previous data. Data balancing process had given the result of 77.21% classification accuracy (CA), and 90.9% area under ROC curve (AUC).
Glutathione affinity chromatography for the scalable purification of an oncolytic virus immunotherapy from microcarrier cell culture (2023)

Therapeutic viral vectors are an emerging technology with several clinical applications in gene therapy, vaccines, and immunotherapy. Increased demand has required the redevelopment of conventional, low-throughput cell culture and purification manufacturing methods such as static cell stacks and ultracentrifugation. In this work, scalable methods were investigated for the manufacture of an oncolytic virus immunotherapy application consisting of a prototype strain of coxsackievirus A21 (CVA21) produced in adherent MRC-5 cells. Cell culture was established in stirred-tank microcarrier bioreactors, and an efficient affinity chromatography method was developed for the purification of harvested CVA21 through binding of the viral capsids to an immobilized glutathione (GSH) ligand. Bioreactor temperature during infection was investigated to maximize titer, and a decrease in temperature from 37°C to 34°C yielded a two-three-fold increase in infectivity. After purification of the 34°C harvests, the GSH affinity chromatography elution not only maintained a >two-fold increase in infectivity and viral genomes but also increased the proportion of empty capsids compared to 37°C harvests. Using material generated from both infection temperature setpoints, chromatographic parameters and mobile phase compositions were studied at the laboratory scale to maximize infectious particle yields and cell culture impurity clearance. Empty capsids that co-eluted with full capsids from 34°C infection temperature harvests were poorly resolved across the conditions tested, but subsequent polishing anion exchange and cation exchange chromatography steps were developed to clear residual empty capsids and other impurities. Oncolytic CVA21 production was scaled-up 75-fold from the laboratory scale and demonstrated across seven batches in 250 L single-use microcarrier bioreactors and purified with customized, prepacked, single-use 1.5 L GSH affinity chromatography columns. The large-scale bioreactors controlled at 34°C during infection maintained a three-fold increase in productivity in the GSH elution, and excellent clearance of host cell and media impurities was observed across all batches. This study presents a robust method for the manufacture of an oncolytic virus immunotherapy application that may be implemented for the scalable production of other viruses and viral vectors which interact with glutathione.
Sintering, crystallisation and biodegradation behaviour of Bioglass®-derived glass–ceramics (2007)

Sintering and crystallisation phenomena in powders of a typical bioactive glass composition (45S5 Bioglass) have been investigated in order to gain further understanding of the processes involved in the fabrication of Bioglass, based glass-ceramic scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. In situ experiments in an environmental scanning electron microscope with a heating stage were carried out to follow the morphology of Bioglass particles during sintering and crystallisation. Optimal processing parameters for the manufacture of Bioglass based glass-ceramic scaffolds by the foam-replica technique were determined. To assess the in vitro performance and bioreactivity of Bioglass -derived glass-ceramic scaffolds, the biodegradation of samples in simulated body fluid (SBF) was investigated using various techniques, including SEM, TEM, XRD and EDX. The mechanism of interaction of the glass-ceramic surface with SBF was determined, which involves (i) preferential dissolution at glass/crystal interfaces, (ii) break-down of crystalline particles into very fine grains through preferential dissolution at crystal structural defects, and (iii) amorphisation of the crystalline structure by introduction of point defects produced during ion exchange. The present report thus offers for the first time a complete assessment of the processing parameters, microstructure, and in vitro performance of Bioglass derived glass-ceramic scaffolds intended for bone tissue engineering.
T-Cell Tropism and the Role of ORF66 Protein in Pathogenesis of Varicella-Zoster Virus Infection (2005)

The pathogenesis of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) involves a cell-associated viremia during which infectious virus is carried from sites of respiratory mucosal inoculation to the skin. We now demonstrate that VZV infection of T cells is associated with robust virion production and modulation of the apoptosis and interferon pathways within these cells. The VZV serine/threonine protein kinase encoded by ORF66 is essential for the efficient replication of VZV in T cells. Preventing ORF66 protein expression by stop codon insertion (pOka66S) impaired the growth of the parent Oka (pOka) strain in T cells in SCID-hu T-cell xenografts in vivo and reduced formation of VZV virions. The lack of ORF66 protein also increased the susceptibility of infected T cells to apoptosis and reduced the capacity of the virus to interfere with induction of the interferon (IFN) signaling pathway following exposure to IFN-gamma. However, preventing ORF66 protein expression only slightly reduced growth in melanoma cells in culture and did not diminish virion formation in these cells. The pOka66S virus showed only a slight defect in growth in SCID-hu skin implants compared with intact pOka. These observations suggest that the ORF66 kinase plays a unique role during infection of T cells and supports VZV T-cell tropism by contributing to immune evasion and enhancing survival of infected T cells.
Development of high-average-power DPSSL with high beam quality (2000)

The recent progress of high power diode laser is opening new fields of laser and its application. We are developing high average power diode pumped solid state laser DPSSL for laser fusion power plant, for space propulsion and for various applications in industry. The common features or requirements of our High Average-power Laser for Nuclear-fusion Application (HALNA) are large pulse energy with relatively low repetition of few tens Hz, good beam quality of order of diffraction limit and high efficiency more than 10%. We constructed HALNA 10 (10J X 10 Hz) and tested the performance to clarify the scalability to higher power system. We have obtained in a preliminary experiment a 8.5 J output energy at 0.5 Hz with beam quality of 2 times diffraction limited far-field pattern.
Theoretical limits on the stability of single-phase kesterite-Cu2ZnSnS4 (2015)

The single-phase stability of Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS), after an intrinsic defect was incorporated in it, has been examined here for the first time based on ab initio calculations. The stability analysis of such a non-stoichiometric-defect incorporated CZTS shows that the single-phase formation is unlikely at thermodynamic equilibrium conditions. In addition, the effective growth condition of CZTS is determined and quantified for all the elements (Cu-poor, Zn-rich, Sn-poor, and S-rich) to extract maximum photovoltaic efficiency from CZTS. These conditions promote (i) spontaneous formation of Cu vacancy (VCu), which might benefit p-type conduction, and (ii) the co-existence of ZnS while suppressing other harmful defects and secondary phases. Further, the results presented here explain the unavailability of single-phase CZTS to date.
Nd:YAG loop resonator with a Cr/sup 4+/:YAG self-pumped phase-conjugate mirror (1997)

We demonstrate a Nd:YAG loop resonator with a self-pumped phase conjugate, mirror in a Cr/sup 4+/:YAG crystal, in the nanosecond regime. A maximum extraction of 29 mJ and a maximum reflectivity of 3.3 are obtained. The output beam is a high-quality diffraction-limited TEM/sub 00/ mode and has a pulse shape of /spl sim/20-ns duration, showing the self Q-switching ability of the resonator. In addition, we demonstrate an original and specific configuration of the anisotropic Cr/sup 4+/:YAG crystal that compensates not only for phase aberrations but also for polarization aberrations induced into the loop resonator.
Optimizing Continuous kNN Queries over Large-Scale Spatial-Textual Data Streams (2020)

The continuous k-Nearest Neighbor queries over spatial-textual data streams (abbr. CkQST) retrieve and continuously monitor at most k nearest neighbor (abbr. kNN) objects to the user-specified location containing all the user-specified keywords, which is the core operation of numerous location-based publish/subscribe systems. Such a system is usually subscribed with a massive number of CkQST and evaluated simultaneously whenever new objects are incoming and old objects are expiring. The approach to evaluating CkQST is to construct a spatial-textual hybrid index for subscribed queries and matching the incoming objects utilizing the filtering capabilities of the index. For CkQST, the minimal spatial search range covering kNN objects changes frequently with the arrival and expiration of qualified objects, and the cost of updating the index is prohibitively high. To efficiently evaluate CkQST, we extend Quad-tree with an inverted index, and exploit it with three techniques, i.e. a memory-based cost model, a block-based ordered inverted index and an adaptive insertion strategy. The experiments on comprehensive datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our proposed techniques.
The Cholera Toxin B Subunit Directly Costimulates Antigen‐Primed CD4+ T Cells Ex Vivo (2003)

The nontoxic B subunit of cholera toxin (CTB) has been used as an adjuvant in experimental systems of mucosal vaccination. However, the mechanisms behind its adjuvant effects remain unclear. Here, we have used an ex vivo system to elucidate these mechanisms in antigen-specific T cells. Using splenocytes from keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH)-immunized mice, initial experiments showed that recombinant CTB (rCTB) did not affect the KLH-specific proliferation of splenocytes isolated from mice immunized 2 weeks earlier. However, rCTB strongly enhanced the KLH-specific proliferation of splenocytes from mice immunized with KLH 4 weeks prior. This adjuvant effect was dose-dependent, with maximum at 30-300 ng/ml rCTB. At higher doses of CTB this effect declined because of the induction of apoptosis. Using antibody depletion and coculture systems, we show that rCTB directly costimulates KLH-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell proliferation but not B cells. Enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assays revealed that rCTB also enhanced the KLH-specific CD4+ T-cell-mediated production of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4 and interferon-gamma(IFN-gamma) by four to fivefold. Characterizing the adjuvant effect of rCTB in vivo confirmed the results above, i.e. rCTB mediated a twofold increase in the ex vivo T-cell response when used as a classical adjuvant in a secondary, but not in a primary KLH-immunization regimen. Together these data show that rCTB can act as a strong adjuvant, by directly costimulating antigen-primed CD4+ and CD8+ T cell in a dose-dependent manner. This new insight might be valuable in the future rational design of bacterial toxin-based vaccines.
Endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine in the aorta of streptozotocin induced diabetic-rat and the BB-diabetic rat. (1989)

Experiments were designed to investigate the phenomenon of endothelium-dependent relaxation (EDR) to acetylcholine in two animal models of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Thoracic aortas obtained from streptozotocin diabetic rats and genetically diabetic biobreeding rats (BB rats) were used in this study. Concentration-effect curves to acetylcholine were carried out on aortic rings under isometric tension. Following the induction of diabetes with streptozotocin, half of the animals were treated with daily intermediate acting insulin and the other half maintained without insulin for a period of 12 weeks before the experiment. The diabetic BB rats were also maintained on insulin. The EDR to acetylcholine was not impaired in the aortas of streptozotocin diabetic rats (insulin treated as well as untreated) compared to nondiabetic controls. The scanning electron microscopic (SEM) appearances of the aortic endothelium did not differ among the three groups of animals. However, the EDR to acetylcholine was found to be impaired in the aortas of diabetic BB rats. (Maximum relaxation: 25.3 +/- 5.0% of the contraction to norepinephrine compared to 52.2 +/- 5.3% in controls.) The SEM appearances of the aortic endothelium in the diabetic BB rats were found to be abnormal with edema and loss of definition of cell margins compared to nondiabetic controls. The differences in EDR to acetylcholine seen between the two animal models of diabetes may be related to the different aetiologies of diabetes in the animals.
A low power and highly reliable 400Mbps mobile DDR SDRAM with on-chip distributed ECC (2007)

512 Mb Mobile SDRAM with on-chip error-correction code (ECC), which supports either single or double data rate and operates on a 1.8 V power supply, is developed. The ECC circuit is optimized with respect to the increase in the chip area and the access-time penalty. The ratio of ECC area increase compared with the conventional mobile DRAM is 15%, and the fast comparing circuits of built-in Hamming code technique check 12 cell data simultaneously and satisfy the specification of 400Mbps DDR SDRAM. The self refresh period at standby state shows about 6 times increase reducing the self refresh current to be less than 100uA at 85degC. The newly adopted DCCS in the ECC, which is resistant from the clustered failures, and the concurrent row redundancy produce a synergistic fault-tolerance effect. The reliability could be 106 times higher by the ECC than that of the conventional DRAM.
Syntheses of Imidazoisoquinoline Derivatives. V (1951)

Syntheses of several derivatives of imidazoisoquinoline have been described in part I to IV of this report. It has been learned that one of these derivatives, 9, 10-dimetoxy-3-(p-aminophenyl)-5, 6-dihydrobenzoglyoxalocoline possessed a certain amount of emetine-like action and, therefore, imidazoisoquinoline derivatives possessing a basic group, such aspyridyl, in the 3-position were synthesized. The present report describes the synthesis of one possessing a nicotinyl group, i.e. 9, 10-dimethoxy-3-nicotinyl-5, 6-dihydrobenzoglyoxalocoline. Its physiological properties are being examined.