gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quadrupole scattering in PrAl2 (1983)

We derive the spontaneous anisotropy of the resistivity of the ferromagnetic compound Pr${\mathrm{Al}}_{2}$ from magnetoresistance measurements on a single crystal of Pr${\mathrm{Al}}_{2}$. We ascribe this spontaneous anisotropy of the resistivity to scattering of the conduction electrons by the thermal quadrupole disorder and we account for our experimental results by using the theoretical model previously developed by us. We find that quadrupole scattering gives a very important contribution to the total magnetic disorder (spin and quadrupole) resistivity but that only a small part of this quadrupole contribution is anisotropic.
Theory of defect states in glassy selenium (1980)

A realistic approach to the electronic theory of bond-coordination defects in chalcogenides, based on self-consistent pseudopotential calculations, is used to study glassy Se. The results of the pseudopotential calculations are interpreted in terms of simpler tight-binding models. The onefold and threefold coordination defects are both found to give rise to nondegenerate, nonhydrogenic gap states, whose properties are unique to the chalcogenides in several respects. The existence of $\ensuremath{\pi}$ interactions between nonbonding orbitals at defect sites is found to be crucial to an understanding of the electronic structure. These interactions are responsible for large charge transfers between atoms and consequently large energy shifts of atomic valence orbitals, which make these defects quite unlike those in other semiconductors. The origin, character, energy location, and localization of the defect states associated with bond-coordination defects, and with defect pairs and certain relaxed defects, are discussed.
Fluorescent Sterols for the Study of Cholesterol Trafficking in Living Cells (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Methods for Imaging Fluorescent Sterols in Living Cells: Confocal and Multiphoton Laser Scanning Microscopy Cholesterol Structure and Distribution in Membranes NBD-Cholesterol Dansyl-Cholesterol BODIPY-Cholesterol Dehydroergosterol (DHE) 22-(p-Benzoylphenoxy)-23,24-bisnorcholan-5-en-3β-ol (FCBP) Photoactivatable Sterol BCθ Conclusion References
Inhibition of NMDARs in the nucleus reticularis of the thalamus produces delta frequency bursting (2009)

Injection of NMDAR antagonist into the thalamus can produce delta frequency EEG oscillations in the thalamocortical system. It is surprising that an antagonist of an excitatory neurotransmitter should trigger such activity, and the mechanism is unknown. One hypothesis is that the antagonist blocks excitation of GABAergic cells, thus producing disinhibition. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the effect of NMDAR antagonist (APV) on cells of the nucleus reticularis (nRT) in rat brain slices, a thalamic nucleus that can serve as a pacemaker for thalamocortical delta oscillations and that is composed entirely of GABAergic neurons. We found, unexpectedly, that nRT cells are hyperpolarized by APV. This occurs because these cells have an unusual form of NMDAR (probably NR2C) that contributes inward current at resting potential in response to ambient glutamate. The hyperpolarization produced by APV is sufficient to deinactivate T-type calcium channels, and these trigger rhythmic bursting at delta frequency. The APV-induced delta frequency bursting is abolished by dopamine D2 receptor antagonist, indicating that dopamine and NMDAR antagonist work synergistically to stimulate delta frequency bursting. Our results have significant implications concerning the electrophysiological basis of schizophrenia and bring together the NMDAR hypofunction, dopamine, and GABA theories of the disease. Our results suggest that NMDAR hypofunction and dopamine work synergistically on the GABAergic cells of the nRT to generate the delta frequency EEG oscillations, a thalamocortical dysrhythmia (TCD) in the awake state that is an established abnormality in schizophrenia.
Graphene-Based Metal–Organic Framework Hybrids for Applications in Catalysis, Environmental, and Energy Technologies (2022)

Current energy and environmental challenges demand the development and design of multifunctional porous materials with tunable properties for catalysis, water purification, and energy conversion and storage. Because of their amenability to de novo reticular chemistry, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have become key materials in this area. However, their usefulness is often limited by low chemical stability, conductivity and inappropriate pore sizes. Conductive two-dimensional (2D) materials with robust structural skeletons and/or functionalized surfaces can form stabilizing interactions with MOF components, enabling the fabrication of MOF nanocomposites with tunable pore characteristics. Graphene and its functional derivatives are the largest class of 2D materials and possess remarkable compositional versatility, structural diversity, and controllable surface chemistry. Here, we critically review current knowledge concerning the growth, structure, and properties of graphene derivatives, MOFs, and their graphene@MOF composites as well as the associated structure-property-performance relationships. Synthetic strategies for preparing graphene@MOF composites and tuning their properties are also comprehensively reviewed together with their applications in gas storage/separation, water purification, catalysis (organo-, electro-, and photocatalysis), and electrochemical energy storage and conversion. Current challenges in the development of graphene@MOF hybrids and their practical applications are addressed, revealing areas for future investigation. We hope that this review will inspire further exploration of new graphene@MOF hybrids for energy, electronic, biomedical, and photocatalysis applications as well as studies on previously unreported properties of known hybrids to reveal potential "diamonds in the rough".
Are investigators aware of environmental noise in animal facilities and that this noise may affect experimental data? (2007)

Control of environmental factors, such as noise, in animal facilities is important to ensure that research animals respond consistently to experimental procedures and that experimental results are not confounded by outside influences. A survey of personnel involved with animal facilities (173 respondents) showed that almost all agreed with this statement. However, 48% thought that one or more environmental factors in their facilities could be stressing the animals, and a majority of respondents reported generation of audible noise from people (72% of respondents), fans (61%), and squeaky carts (56%). The presence of these noises was correlated with the perception of noise as a problem because of its psychologic and physiologic effects on the animals. The amount of time respondents spent in the facilities was strongly correlated with their perception of noise as a problem, with veterinarians spending the most time and perceiving the most problems, and professors and assistant/ associate professors spending the least and perceiving the fewest. Therefore, they may lack key knowledge that can affect their research goals. In addition, because faculty are the least aware of noise as a potential problem but are primarily responsible for designing experiments, research involving animals may be confounded by noise as an unknown variable. This effect may lead to unnecessary numbers of animals being required to achieve statistical significance and possibly to erroneous interpretation of results. On the basis of the findings of this survey, we present recommendations for improving the environment, particularly for decreasing the noise level, in animal facilities.
Bioactive pyrrole alkaloids isolated from the Red Sea: marine spongeStylissa carteri (2018)

Fifteen pyrrole alkaloids were isolated from the Red Sea marine sponge Stylissa carteri and investigated for their biological activities. Four of them were dibrominated [(+) dibromophakelline, Z-3-bromohymenialdisine, (±) ageliferin and 3,4-dibromo-1H-pyrrole-2-carbamide], nine compounds were monobrominated [(-) clathramide C, agelongine, (+) manzacidin A, (-) 3-bromomanzacidin D, Z-spongiacidin D, Z-hymenialdisine, 2-debromostevensine, 2-bromoaldisine and 4-bromo-1H-pyrrole-2-carbamide)] and finally, two compounds were non-brominated derivatives viz., E-debromohymenialdisine and aldisine. The structure elucidations of isolated compounds were based on 1D & 2D NMR spectroscopic and MS studies, as well as by comparison with literature. In-vitro, Z-spongiacidin D exhibited a moderate activity on (ARK5, CDK2-CycA, CDK4/CycD1, VEGF-R2, SAK and PDGFR-beta) protein kinases. Moreover, Z-3-bromohymenialdisine showed nearly similar pattern. Furthermore, Z-hymenialdisine displayed a moderate effect on (ARK5 & VEGF-R2) and (-) clathramide C showed a moderate activity on AURORA-A protein kinases. While, agelongine, (+) manzacidin A, E-debromohymenialdisine and 3,4-dibromo-1H-pyrrole-2-carbamide demonstrated only marginal inhibitory activities. The cytotoxicity study was evaluated in two different cell lines. The most effective secondary metabolites were (+) dibromophakelline and Z-3-bromohymenialdisine on L5178Y. Finally, Z-hymenialdisine, Z-3-bromohymenialdisine and (±) ageliferin exhibited the highest cytotoxic activity on HCT116. No report about inhibition of AURORA-A and B by hymenialdisine/hymenialdisine analogs existed and no reported toxicity of ageliferin existed in literature.
Insertion of Methylene Units into the Turn Segment of Designed β-Hairpin Peptides (1999)

The effect of insertion of methylene groups into the turn segment of β-hairpin peptides has been investigated in the model sequence Boc-Leu-Val-Val-DPro-δ-Ava-Leu-Val-Val-OMe. This sequence is related to the previously well-characterized model β-hairpin octapeptide, Boc-Leu-Val-Val-DPro-Gly-Leu-Val-Val-OMe. Replacement of Gly by δ-Ava (δ-aminovaleric acid) formally corresponds to expansion of the turn segment from a two-residue loop to a three-residue loop. Backbone proton chemical shifts, vicinal coupling constants, and circular dichroism spectra for the two peptides are virtually indistinguishable. Nuclear Overhauser effects corresponding to short cross-strand interproton distances confirm that the registry of the β-hairpin structure is maintained in the δ-Ava peptide. Restrained molecular dynamics simulations, using experimental constraints, yield two structural families that are consistent with the NOE data. Both families correspond to β-hairpin conformations and differ only in the backbone torsion angles at the δ-Ava residue.
C-Reactive Protein and the Risk of Colorectal Adenoma in Apparently Healthy Populations (2007)

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the association between serum CRP levels and the risk of colorectal adenoma Methods: 3505 normal control subjects and 1982 patients with colorectal adenoma were included in the study. The Mean level of CRP was compared between two groups, and correlation with other variations was analyzed by multiple regression analysis. Results: There were significant differences in serum CRP level between two groups (Table 1). Multiple regression analysis revealed that the CRP level were not associated with the risk for colorectal adenoma (Table 2).Table 1: Comparison baseline characteristics between the control group and patients with colorectal adenomaTable 2: Multiple regression analysis between the presence of colorectal adenoma and some variables including C-reactive proteinConclusion: CRP was not predictive of a higher risk for colorectal adenoma.
On the Efficiency of the Soil Digging Processes (2020)

In the first part of the paper, an experimental verification of correctness of the common assumption that the plane strain conditions occur in the tests performed in soil bins is presented. An experimental program was executed basing on the soil cutting problem, with the application of vertical rigid walls of various widths as the working tools. It turned out that in the case of the tool width equal to the width of the soil bin, the soil cutting problems may be treated as the plane strain processes. The influence of the friction phenomena on the side walls of the bin was estimated. For the tools for which no interaction with the side walls of the bin was observed, the zone of the plane strain deformation occurred in the central part of the tools. Then the characteristic deformation patterns and force-displacement relations for the L-shaped tool are determined. Finally, the new idea of the optimization of digging be means of the earth-working machinery is presented and experimentally verified. Dividing the whole excavation task into several repeatable cycles for which the soil free boundary before and after the experiment are similar, the optimization of the single cycle plays a significant role in the energetic efficiency of the whole task. The single cycle of the working process is defined using several basic parameters. The influence of each parameter on the specific unit energy of the process is experimentally verified. The set of values of the discussed parameters is recommended for the particular soil and tool shape. The disadvantages of other soil cutting strategies are discussed.
Clinical Applications of the Antiprogestin RU 486 (1993)

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Multi‐tasking of biosynthetic and energetic functions of glycolysis explained by supply and demand logic (2014)

After more than a century of research on glycolysis, we have detailed descriptions of its molecular organization, but despite this wealth of knowledge, linking the enzyme properties to metabolic pathway behavior remains challenging. These challenges arise from multi-layered regulation and the context and time dependence of component functions. However, when viewed as a system that functions according to the principles of supply and demand, a simplifying theoretical framework can be applied to study its regulation logic and to assess the coherence of experimental interpretations. These principles are universally applicable, as they emphasize the common metabolic tasks of glycolysis: the provision of free-energy carriers, and precursors for biosynthesis and stress-related compounds. Here we will review the regulation of multi-tasking by glycolysis and consider how an understanding of this central metabolic pathway can be pursued using general principles, rather than focusing on the biochemical details of constituent components.
Study of wrap-rib antenna design (1979)

The results of a parametric design study conducted to develop the significant characteristics and technology limitations of space deployable antenna systems with aperture sizes ranging from 50 up to 300 m and F/D ratios between 0.5 and 3.0 are presented. Wrap/rib type reflectors of both the prime and offset fed geometry and associated feed support structures were considered. The significant constraints investigated as limitations on achievable aperture were inherent manufacturability, orbit dynamic and thermal stability, antenna weight, and antenna stowed volume. A data base, resulting in the defined maximum achievable aperture size as a function of diameter, frequency and estimated cost, was formed.
Mosaic imaging with spatial light modulator technology (2006)

Diffractive wavefront control with spatial light modulator technology has been successfully demonstrated both as a means of steering optical wavefronts and for compensating large optical aberrations. We describe the use of a spatial light modulator operating as a programmable diffractive optic to record extended-field-of-view mosaic images centered about a large off-axis field angle. A gimbaled primary mirror allows the nominal viewing angle to be varied, and diffractive wavefront steering allows images to be acquired at discrete increments in the field angle about the nominal angle. Diffractive wavefront compensation corrects aberrations associated with the primary mirror orientation and changes in field angle introduced by diffractive wavefront steering. A time sequence of images recorded at discrete increments in the field angle is then digitally combined to create a high-pixel-count mosaic image. The effects of diffraction efficiency and wavelength-dependent wavefront errors on image quality are analyzed.
Safety and Immunogenicity of Modified Vaccinia Ankara-Bavarian Nordic Smallpox Vaccine in Vaccinia-Naive and Experienced Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Individuals: An Open-Label, Controlled Clinical Phase II Trial (2015)

Background. First- and second-generation smallpox vaccines are contraindicated in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). A new smallpox vaccine is needed to protect this population in the context of biodefense preparedness. The focus of this study was to compare the safety and immunogenicity of a replication-deficient, highly attenuated smallpox vaccine modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) in HIV-infected and healthy subjects. Methods. An open-label, controlled Phase II trial was conducted at 36 centers in the United States and Puerto Rico for HIV-infected and healthy subjects. Subjects received 2 doses of MVA administered 4 weeks apart. Safety was evaluated by assessment of adverse events, focused physical exams, electrocardiogram recordings, and safety laboratories. Immune responses were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). Results. Five hundred seventy-nine subjects were vaccinated at least once and had data available for analysis. Rates of ELISA seropositivity were comparably high in vaccinia-naive healthy and HIV-infected subjects, whereas PRNT seropositivity rates were higher in healthy compared with HIV-infected subjects. Modified vaccinia Ankara was safe and well tolerated with no adverse impact on viral load or CD4 counts. There were no cases of myo-/pericarditis reported. Conclusions. Modified vaccinia Ankara was safe and immunogenic in subjects infected with HIV and represents a promising smallpox vaccine candidate for use in immunocompromised populations.
Development and experimental validation of a real-time capable field programmable gate array–based gas exchange model for negative valve overlap (2018)

Homogeneous charge compression ignition has the potential to significantly reduce NO x emissions, while maintaining a high fuel efficiency. Homogeneous charge compression ignition is characterized by compression-induced autoignition of a lean homogeneous air–fuel mixture. Combustion timing is highly dependent on the in-cylinder state including pressure, temperature and trapped mass. To control homogeneous charge compression ignition combustion, it is necessary to have an accurate representation of the gas exchange process. Currently, microprocessor-based engine control units require that the gas exchange process is linearized around a desired operating point to simplify the model for real-time implementation. This reduces the models’ ability to handle disturbances and limits the flexibility of the model. However, using a field programmable gate array, a detailed simulation of the physical gas exchange process can be implemented in real time. This paper outlines the process of converting physical governing equations to an offline zero-dimensional gas exchange model. The process used to convert this model to a field programmable gate array capable model is described. This model is experimentally validated using a single cylinder research engine with electromagnetic valves to record real-time field programmable gate array gas exchange results and comparing to the offline zero-dimensional physical model. The field programmable gate array model is able to accurately calculate the cylinder temperature and cylinder mass at 0.1 °CA intervals during the gas exchange process for a range of negative valve overlaps, boost conditions and engine speeds making the model useful for future real-time control applications.
ChemInform Abstract: DIE SYNTH. UND DIE UMSETZUNGEN VON PYRIMIDINDERIVATEN 19. MITT. DIE UNTERSUCHUNG DER METHYLGRUPPENAKTIVITAET IN MONOMETHOXYMETHYLPYRIMIDINDERIVATEN (1971)

Abstract Durch Umsetzung der entsprechenden Chlorverbindungen mit Natriumethylat wurden die Methoxypyrimidine (I)‐(IV) dargestellt und mit p‐Nitrobenzoldiazoniumchlorid behandelt.
HABIT efficacy and sustainability trial, a multi-center randomized controlled trial to improve hydroxyurea adherence in youth with sickle cell disease: a study protocol (2019)

Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03462511 . Registered March 6, 2018, last updated July 26, 2019.
The splicing mechanism and the Connex memory (2002)

Presents the main ideas concerning the implementation of a molecular mechanism in solid-state circuits: the splicing operation. The physical support for this operation is the Connex memory circuit (Stefan, 1986, 1995). Observing the similarities between a DNA computing-based mechanism and this new type of memory, we make a proposal to implement fine-grain computational parallelism on silicon. We promote this solution because a pure biological process is very hard to interface with machines in today's technologies. We make also evaluations of the complexity of our proposed machine.
A New Wearable ECG Monitor Evaluation and Experimental Analysis: Proof of Concept (2020)

Electrocardiogram (ECG) is an electrical activity of the heart, which can be recorded by placing electrodes near heart or on the limbs. ECG is a vital body signal, which reflects the heart health condition. This paper presents a new wearable ECG system, which can be used for long-term rhythm monitoring with the potential of increased sensitivity to detect intermittent or subclinical arrhythmia. This study presents the design and development of a wearable pervasive healthcare monitoring system by ECG measurement systems and internet of things (IoT) platform. In this design, non-intrusive healthcare system was designed based on wireless body area network (WBAN) for wide area coverage with minimum battery power to support wireless transmission. Data were transmitted via Wi-Fi to the personalized mobile system. These were integrated into a comfortable, easy to wear, and ergonomically designed armband ECG sensor system, which can acquire an ECG signal from the upper arm of the user over a period of 72 hours.