gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Kinetics of the Hydroremoval of Sulfur, Oxygen, and Nitrogen from a Low Temperature Coal Tar (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetics of the Hydroremoval of Sulfur, Oxygen, and Nitrogen from a Low Temperature Coal TarS. A. Qader, W. H. Wiser, and G. R. HillCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 1968, 7, 3, 390–397Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i260027a014https://doi.org/10.1021/i260027a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views133Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Aortic stenosis (1998)

FIG. I Three-dimensional images of the aortic valve. (A) and (B) show a stenotic valve, while (C) and (D) show a normal valve.
Trends in the Analysis and Design of Steel Building Frames (1990)

The present changes from the Working Stress Design Method (WSD) to the Limit States Design Method (LSD) for designing steel building frames have begun a trend in which progressively more accurate estimates are formed of the moment and axial force distributions in the frame, and simpler methods are used to design its members. This paper examines these trends and considers likely future developments of computer analysis programs which will provide estimates of the structure moment and force distributions at the strength limit state. These developments will lead to more economical structures, through the removal of the conservatisms built into the present WSD member design rules to allow for the deficiencies resulting from the use of inappropriate methods of analysis.
Self-splicing of a group I intron reveals partitioning of native and misfolded RNA populations in yeast (2006)

Stable RNAs must form specific three-dimensional structures, yet many RNAs become kinetically trapped in misfolded conformations. To understand the factors that control the accuracy of RNA folding in the cell, the self-splicing activity of the Tetrahymena group I intron was compared in different genetic contexts in budding yeast. The extent of splicing was 98% when the intron was placed in its natural rDNA context, but only 3% when the intron was expressed in an exogenous pre-mRNA. Further experiments showed that the probability of forming the active intron structure depends on local sequence context and transcription by Pol I. Pre-rRNAs decayed at similar rates, whether the intron was wild type or inactivated by an internal deletion, suggesting that most of the unreacted pre-rRNA is incompetent to splice. Northern blots and complementation assays showed that mutations that destabilize the intron tertiary structure inhibited self-splicing and processing of internal transcribed spacer 2. The data are consistent with partitioning of pre-rRNAs into active and inactive populations. The misfolded RNAs are sequestered and degraded without refolding to a significant extent. Thus, the initial fidelity of folding can dictate the intracellular fate of transcripts containing this group I intron.
Priming conditions shape breadth of neutralizing antibody responses to sarbecoviruses (2022)

Vaccines that are broadly cross-protective against current and future SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VoC) or across the sarbecoviruses subgenus remain a priority for public health. Virus neutralization is the best available correlate of protection. To define the magnitude and breadth of cross-neutralization in individuals with different exposure to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination, we here use a multiplex surrogate neutralization assay based on virus spike receptor binding domains of multiple SARS-CoV-2 VoC, as well as related bat and pangolin viruses. We include sera from cohorts of individuals vaccinated with two or three doses of mRNA (BNT162b2) or inactivated SARS-CoV-2 (Coronavac or Sinopharm) vaccines with or without a history of previous SARS-CoV-2 or SARS-CoV-1 infection. SARS-CoV-2 or SARS-CoV-1 infection followed by BNT162b2 vaccine, Omicron BA.2 breakthrough infection following BNT162b2 vaccine or a third dose of BNT162b2 following two doses of BNT162b2 or Coronavac elicit the highest and broadest neutralization across VoCs. For both breadth and magnitude of neutralization across all sarbecoviruses, those infected with SARS-CoV-1 immunized with BNT162b2 outperform all other combinations of infection and/or vaccination. These data may inform vaccine design strategies for generating broadly neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 variants or across the sarbecovirus subgenus.
Hurst-Exponent-Based Detection of High-Impedance DC Arc Events for 48-V Systems in Vehicles (2020)

Expanding dc electrical distribution systems require improved detection and mitigation of dc arc events. The high heat resulting from dc arcing raises concerns on equipment and personnel safety. In this article, a new adaptive detection method for series dc arc faults is presented. The proposed detection method utilizes Hurst exponent estimation of the system current to detect arcing events with a high detection rate and strong immunity against sudden load changes, chaotic load profiles, and switching harmonics. To verify the proposed detection method, a test setup to generate dc arcs was built, and over one thousand tests were performed under various conditions. The tests were conducted under different environment temperatures, air gap lengths, loads, and electrode diameters. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by the test results and validated with an arc detector prototype.
Soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 promotes angiotensin II sensitivity in preeclampsia (2016)

Preeclampsia is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy in which patients develop profound sensitivity to vasopressors, such as angiotensin II, and is associated with substantial morbidity for the mother and fetus. Enhanced vasoconstrictor sensitivity and elevations in soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFLT1), a circulating antiangiogenic protein, precede clinical signs and symptoms of preeclampsia. Here, we report that overexpression of sFlt1 in pregnant mice induced angiotensin II sensitivity and hypertension by impairing endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation and promoting oxidative stress in the vasculature. Administration of the NOS inhibitor l-NAME to pregnant mice recapitulated the angiotensin sensitivity and oxidative stress observed with sFlt1 overexpression. Sildenafil, an FDA-approved phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor that enhances NO signaling, reversed sFlt1-induced hypertension and angiotensin II sensitivity in the preeclampsia mouse model. Sildenafil treatment also improved uterine blood flow, decreased uterine vascular resistance, and improved fetal weights in comparison with untreated sFlt1-expressing mice. Finally, sFLT1 protein expression inversely correlated with reductions in eNOS phosphorylation in placental tissue of human preeclampsia patients. These data support the concept that endothelial dysfunction due to high circulating sFLT1 may be the primary event leading to enhanced vasoconstrictor sensitivity that is characteristic of preeclampsia and suggest that targeting sFLT1-induced pathways may be an avenue for treating preeclampsia and improving fetal outcomes.
Prediction of Evapotranspiration and Yields of Maize: An Inter-comparison among 29 Maize Models and Future Plans (2020)

Crop yield can be affected by crop water use (evapotranspiration, ET) and vice versa, so when trying to simulate one or the other, it can be important to simulate both well. Method: To determine how well 29 maize growth models can simulate ET, an inter-comparison study was initiated under the umbrella of AgMIP (Agricultural Model Inter-Comparison and Improvement Project) using eddy cova-riance data from Ames, IA as the standard for comparison (Kimball et al., 2019).
Structural and functional characterization of a putative de novo gene in Drosophila (2021)

Abstract Comparative genomic studies have repeatedly shown that new protein-coding genes can emerge de novo from non-coding DNA. Still unknown is how and when the structures of encoded de novo proteins emerge and evolve. Combining biochemical, genetic and evolutionary analyses, we elucidate the function and structure of goddard , a gene which appears to have evolved de novo at least 50 million years ago within the Drosophila genus. Previous studies found that goddard is required for male fertility. Here, we show that Goddard protein localizes to elongating sperm axonemes and that in its absence, elongated spermatids fail to undergo individualization. Combining modelling, NMR and CD data, we show that Goddard protein contains a large central α-helix, but is otherwise partially disordered. We find similar results for Goddard’s orthologs from divergent fly species and their reconstructed ancestral sequences. Accordingly, Goddard’s structure appears to have been maintained with only minor changes over millions of years.
Search for the best processes to liquefy hydrogen in very large plants. (2012)

The goal of the IDEALHY project is to identify processes and components, which allow liquefying hydrogen with a power consumption much lower than with plants built so far. This requires comparing different possible processes concerning power efficiency, investment cost and compactness. The power consumption of a process depends on a number of boundary conditions. Without a clear overall definition of these boundary conditions, all statements and comparisons on the overall power consumption are questionable. So in the first step of the project the participants agreed on common boundary conditions. Then it turned out, that the choice of the high pressure of the feed hydrogen influences strongly the rest of the liquefaction process, especially the region below 80 K. For this region there is an option between helium, hydrogen and neon as refrigerants and their mixtures. For the final choice of the working fluid and the process one has to identify the maximum possible circumferential speed of turbo compressors.
Superconducting current feeder system for the large helical device (1996)

A flexible superconducting (SC) busline was developed as a current feeder system for the fusion experimental device, LHD. An aluminum stabilized NbTi/Cu compacted strand cable was developed to satisfy the fully stabilized requirements at a rated current of 31.3 kA. A pair of SC cables was electrically insulated and installed in a cryogenic transfer line. Measured breakdown voltage in the 77 K helium gas is 8.33 kV. Nine sets of SC current feeders with 45-65 m lengths are installed for LHD. The total heat loads into 80 and 4.2 K levels are estimated to be 2.12 and 1.02 kW, respectively. The SC current feeder system is designed to maintain its rated capacities for 30 minutes, whenever the coolants supplied to the current feeder system are accidentally stopped.
Unsteady blade-passage flows of a mixed-flow pump at performance-curve instability (2018)

For designing a high-performance mixed-flow pump, control and suppression of performance-curve instability is crucial. For doing so, clarification of the essential flow physics that leads to the performance-curve instability is crucial in addition to an accurate prediction of the performance curve. We investigated internal flows of a mixed-flow pump, with performance-curve instability at round 60% of the designed flow rate, by using Large Eddy Simulation (LES). In the previous report, we clarified that drop of the Euler's head caused by stall near the tip of the impeller's blades is the major cause of the performance-curve instability. In the present report, we investigated in detail unsteady internal flows of individual blade passage near the head-drop point. As a result, we clarified the followings. (1) When the flow rate through a blade passage is low, the Euler's head is high for that particular passage, and this condition propagates in the direction of the impeller rotation for the whole impeller while the impeller makes approximately 20 revolutions. (2) Upstream flow of the stalled blade passage is deviated to the downward neighboring blade passage, resulting in increase in the load of the neighboring blade near its trailing edge. The neighboring blade passage will then be stalled. (3) When the flow rate in a stalled blade passage reaches the minimum, the passage starts to recover from stall while the pressure gradient in the streamwise direction will decrease.
Arthroscopic Reduction and Internal Fixation of an Osseous Bankart Lesion (2022)

GH = glenohumeralGHL = glenohumeral ligamentPts = patientsPMH = previous medical historyFE = forward elevationER = external rotationIR = internal rotationABD = abductionEXT = external rotationXR = radiographic imagingMRI = magnetic resonance imagingCT = computed tomographyROM = range of motionFU = follow-upRTS = return to sportsRTPP = return to previous level of play.
Multiple Attribute Handover in 5G HetNets Based on an Intuitionistic Trapezoidal Fuzzy Algorithm (2018)

To satisfy future service demands, heterogeneous networks (HetNets) including 5G new radio (NR), 4G long term evolution (LTE), and wireless local area network (WLAN) must coexist, which makes HetNets handover critical considering user equipment mobility. Therefore, a new multiple attribute handover scheme for 5G HetNets is proposed in this paper. An optimal weight selection algorithm is derived considering the network features, types of services, and user preferences. These weights are used in an intuitionistic trapezoidal fuzzy handover scheme with an optimized candidate list. Results are presented which verify the performance improvement of the proposed handover technique in terms of the network throughput, delay, and handover time.
Automated segmentation and classification of multispectral magnetic resonance images of brain using artificial neural networks (1997)

We present a fully automated process for segmentation and classification of multispectral magnetic resonance (MR) images. This hybrid neural network method uses a Kohonen self-organizing neural network for segmentation and a multilayer backpropagation neural network for classification. To separate different tissue types, this process uses the standard T1-, T2-, and PD-weighted MR images acquired in clinical examinations. Volumetric measurements of brain structures, relative to intracranial volume, were calculated for an index transverse section in 14 normal subjects (median age 25 years; seven male, seven female). This index slice was at the level of the basal ganglia, included both genu and splenium of the corpus callosum, and generally, showed the putamen and lateral ventricle. An intraclass correlation of this automated segmentation and classification of tissues with the accepted standard of radiologist identification for the index slice in the 14 volunteers demonstrated coefficients (ri) of 0.91, 0.95, and 0.98 for white matter, gray matter, and ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), respectively. An analysis of variance for estimates of brain parenchyma volumes in five volunteers imaged five times each demonstrated high intrasubject reproducibility with a significance of at least p < 0.05 for white matter, gray matter, and white/gray partial volumes. The population variation, across 14 volunteers, demonstrated little deviation from the averages for gray and white matter, while partial volume classes exhibited a slightly higher degree of variability. This fully automated technique produces reliable and reproducible MR image segmentation and classification while eliminating intra- and interobserver variability.
Fullerene C70 as a Nanoflask that Reveals the Chemical Reactivity of Atomic Nitrogen (2017)

To investigate the intrinsic reactivity of atomic nitrogen, which had previously been accomplished only by examining its decay in the gas phase using special equipment, a nitrogen atom was inserted into a series of molecule-encapsulating C<sub>60</sub> and C<sub>70</sub> fullerenes. Among the studied endofullerenes, H<sub>2</sub> @C<sub>70</sub> was able to encapsulate an additional nitrogen atom within the fullerene cage under radiofrequency plasma conditions. The product was analyzed by ESR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry in solution, which revealed that the nitrogen atom with a quartet ground state does not react but weakly interact with the H<sub>2</sub> molecule, thus demonstrating the utility of such fullerenes as "nanoflasks".
Deglycobleomycin: total synthesis and oxygen transfer properties of an active bleomycin analog (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDeglycobleomycin: total synthesis and oxygen transfer properties of an active bleomycin analogYoshiaki Aoyagi, H. Suguna, Natesan Murugesan, Guy M. Ehrenfeld, Li Ho Chang, Tadaaki Ohgi, Mohammed S. Shekhani, Michael P. Kirkup, and Sidney M. HechtCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 19, 5237–5239Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00383a045https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00383a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views133Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Bacteriophage-based synthetic biology for the study of infectious diseases (2014)

Since their discovery, bacteriophages have contributed enormously to our understanding of molecular biology as model systems. Furthermore, bacteriophages have provided many tools that have advanced the fields of genetic engineering and synthetic biology. Here, we discuss bacteriophage-based technologies and their application to the study of infectious diseases. New strategies for engineering genomes have the potential to accelerate the design of novel phages as therapies, diagnostics, and tools. Though almost a century has elapsed since their discovery, bacteriophages continue to have a major impact on modern biological sciences, especially with the growth of multidrug-resistant bacteria and interest in the microbiome.
Data sharing (DaSh) for collaborative learning in laboratories (2009)

In a set of independent student focus groups conducted at Leeds University by the Royal Academy of Engineering, a common concern regarding laboratory sessions was that an emphasis on assessment often meant that, due to time pressures, students concentrated on gathering data rather than understanding the underlying engineering principles.In 2008, with support from the Higher Education Academy Engineering Subject Centre, the DaSh system was developed to allow students to upload and share data, in order to promote collaborative and deeper learning. Data could be uploaded in real-time, via the internet, allowing results to be made available immediately for comparison with their peers’, whilst still in the laboratory in front of the equipment.This facilitated learning in two distinct ways. At a basic level, students were able to rapidly spot and correct measurement or calculation errors. At a more advanced level, conclusions could be drawn from the observation of hundreds of data points (rather than just five or ten), something that would otherwise have been impossible, had they worked independently.Following its positive impact on the student learning experience, data sharing was incorporated into a ReLOAD (Real Labs Operated At Distance) session, allowing the experiment to be repeated anywhere with internet access.DaSh was evaluated by comparing performance on similar sessions run with and without data sharing, observing behaviour within the laboratory, completion of questionnaires after the sessions and from focus groups. Through these methods, results have shown that the system has worked well, has been popular with the students and has been beneficial to their learning.
A carbon nanotube based resettable sensor for measuring free chlorine in drinking water (2014)

A novel free chlorine sensor which uses oxidation of phenyl capped aniline tetramer (PCAT) to dope single wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) and changes its resistance has been developed. The oxidation of PCAT by chlorine switches the PCAT-SWCNT system to low resistance (p-doped) state which is detected by probing it with a small voltage. The change in resistance is proportional to the concentration of the chlorine in the sample. The p-doped PCAT-SWCNT then can be electrochemically un-doped by polarizing it cathodically. This new sensor not only shows good sensing response in the whole concentration range of free chlorine in drinking water but also is able to be electrochemically reset back and can be used multiple times. This simple sensor is ideally suited for measuring free chlorine in drinking water continuously
A broadband wide‐incident‐angle reflective polarization converter (2009)

Abstract— A high‐performance reflective polarization converter which could be used in a backlight recycling system for liquid‐crystal‐display (LCD) devices is proposed. The device consists of a twisted‐nematic (TN) liquid‐crystal film, a uniaxial A‐plate, and a reflector. The configuration parameters, such as thickness and orientation of the films, are optimized using a genetic algorithm. As a result, the design can convert light from TM to TE polarization (or TE to TM) at a maximum 99.7%, minimum 91.3%, and average 96.7% conversion efficiency for the entire visible spectrum and incident angle from 0 to 60°. Such a broadband reflective polarization converter is particularly useful for enhancing the light efficiency and reducing the power consumption of LCDs.