gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ScentTrails: Integrating Browsing and Searching on the World Wide Web (2003)

The two predominant paradigms for finding information on the Web are browsing and searching. While they exhibit complementary advantages, neither paradigm alone is adequate for complex information goals that lend themselves partially to browsing and partially to searching. To smoothly integrate browsing and searching into a single interface, we introduce a novel approach called ScentTrails. Based on the concept of information scent developed in the context of information foraging theory, ScentTrails highlights hyperlinks to indicate paths to search results. This interface enables users to smoothly interpolate between searching and browsing to effectively locate complex information goals. In a preliminary user study, ScentTrails enabled subjects to find information more quickly than either searching or browsing alone.
A battery-operated portable handheld electrospinning apparatus (2015)

Electrospinning (e-spinning) still has certain limitations in flexible practicability because its conventional setup is usually quite bulky and excessively dependent on a plug (electric supply). In this article, we report on a battery-operated e-spinning apparatus (BOEA) based on miniaturization and integration. The new device gets liberated from the conventional heavy power supply, achieves the tight integration of functional parts and can be operated by a single hand due to its small volume (10.5 × 5 × 3 cm(3)) and light weight (about 120 g). Different polymers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polycaprolactone (PCL), polystyrene (PS), poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) were electrospun into fibers successfully, which confirms the stable performance and good real-time control capability of the apparatus. These results demonstrate that the BOEA could be potentially applied in many fields, especially in biomedical fields such as skin damage, wound healing, rapid hemostasis, etc.
A theoretical and experimental study of light absorption and scattering by in vivo skin (1980)

A theoretical treatment has been developed for the optical properties of a layered structure which absorbs and scatters light. This theory predicts that the logarithm of the inverse of reflectance (LIR) of the surface should be a useful parameter for the examination of that structure. This approach has been applied to a study of skin in vivo. An instrument was constructed for use in clinical situations to measure the LIR spectrum of skin over the visible region of the spectrum (450-760 nm). The contributions to the observed spectra made by pigments and the skin structure were deduced by reference to the theoretical model. Numerical indices were used to quantify the changes in skin haemoglobin content following the application of vasoconstricting preparations. The indices also provided a means of measuring erythema and melanin pigmentation induced in the skin by exposure to ultraviolet radiation. The assessments made using this instrument were more reproducible and sensitive than judgments made by eye.
Measurement of the aorta and its branches with helical CT. (1998)

Contiguous orthonormal arterial cross sections, segment lengths, and curvature were semiautomatically quantified from helical computed tomographic (CT) angiographic data in phantoms and two patients. Measurements of mean diameter and curvature correlated with reference values (r2 = .99), and mean fractional errors were 0.07 and 0.06 for mean diameter and curvature measurements, respectively. Volumetric measurement showed a potential to increase the accuracy, precision, and diagnostic utility of CT angiography.
Reactivity of Human Tissues with Monoclonal Antibodies to Myeloid Activation and Differentiation Antigens (1990)

We have characterized antimyeloid monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) produced to human rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial tissue macrophages (MPs) (8D7) and to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated U937 cells (3D8). The 3D8 antigen is upregulated with LPS stimulation of monocytes/MPs and during monocyte maturation. The 8D7 antigen is upregulated on functionally distinct subpopulations of RA synovial tissue MPs. We used immunohistochemistry to determine the spectrum of reactivity of these unique mAbs on myeloid cell suspensions, monocytes, and mature tissue inflammatory and noninflammatory MPs. The antigens identified by the mAbs were characterized biochemically, by immunoprecipitation of solubilized 125I-labelled antigens from cell surfaces, and immunohistochemically by enzymatic digestion of myeloid cells followed by a cellular ELISA. MAb 3D8, characterized as an anti-CD13 antibody, recognizes a 150-170 kd antigen, has almost exclusive myeloid reactivity, but reacts with Langerhans' cells of the skin and thymus, pointing to shared antigens between these cells and MPs. Unlike 3D8 antigen, 8D7 antigen is strongly expressed in inflammatory states, being present on MPs in granulomata as well as in sarcoid lymph nodes. Both mAbs react with frozen and methanol-Carnoy's fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues and detect antigenic differences among human mononuclear phagocytes present in different anatomical sites and in varying stages of differentiation and activation. These mAbs should prove to be a valuable tool for studying heterogenous populations of myeloid cells.
Kinetics of base‐catalysed ring closure of methyl 2,6‐dinitrophenylsulfanylethanoate (2005)

Abstract The base‐catalysed ring closure of methyl 2,6‐dinitrophenylsulfanylethanoate gives 2‐methoxycarbonyl‐7‐nitrobenzo[ d ]thiazole‐3‐oxide. The kinetics of this ring closure were studied by means of UV–visible spectrophotometry in methanolic buffers of N ‐methylmorpholine– N ‐methylmorpholinium chloride and N ‐methylpiperidine– N ‐methylpiperidinium chloride at 25°C at ionic strength I = 0.1 mol l −1 . The dependences of k obs on the base concentration are not linear, their slopes decreasing with increasing base concentration at constant ratio of the buffer components. The reaction mechanism was suggested on the basis of comparison with the ring closure kinetics of methyl 2,4,6‐trinitrophenylsulfanylethanoate. The rate‐limiting step of the reaction sequence consists in formation of the conjugated base of substrate 1 . Copyright © 2005 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Willingness to Participate in Complementary and Alternative Medicine Clinical Trials Among Patients with Craniofacial Disorders (2003)

Objectives: The Oregon Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (OCCAM) conducted focus groups with participants to determine willingness to join a complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) research study, and to aid in the design of three clinical randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of CAM and craniofacial disorders. Setting/location: Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente, in Portland, Oregon. Subjects: Kaiser Permanente health plan members meeting RCT inclusion criteria. Design: Twelve (12) focus groups were conducted with a total of 85 participants. Six (6) of the focus groups were with members who self-identified as users of CAM therapies. Focus groups explored participants' experiences of CAM for temporomandibular disorder (TMD) and periodontal disease, and their reactions to proposed aspects of the trials. Trained facilitators led the focus groups, which lasted approximately 2 hours and were audiotaped for future transcription. Researchers then coded the transcripts to identify responses to specific questions and to capture emergent themes. Results: Acupuncture, chiropractic, and massage were most frequently accessed and reported as helpful by participants. Participants who had not used CAM treatments for their condition expressed interest and openness to experiencing CAM treatments through a research study. In general, participants expressed willingness to be randomly assigned to (rather than choose) a CAM treatment arm. Travel to practitioners' offices and frequent (> 1 per week) visits were acceptable to most participants, if there was flexibility in appointment scheduling. Conclusions: Findings indicate considerable willingness to engage in CAM trials, even among individuals who have not used CAM. Participants' willingness to engage in CAM studies was influenced by the nature of their condition, their prior experiences with conventional and CAM treatments, and the possibility of experiencing CAM "for free" through participation in the trial. Their acceptance also was tempered by concerns about particular modalities and the possibility of having to give up aspects of their current health routine. Researchers engaging in CAM studies should take these factors into consideration as they design studies.
Unsymmetrical substitution and the direction of the di-.pi.-methane rearrangement. Mechanistic and exploratory organic photochemistry. LVI (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUnsymmetrical substitution and the direction of the di-.pi.-methane rearrangement. Mechanistic and exploratory organic photochemistry. LVIHoward E. Zimmerman and Albert C. PrattCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 21, 6259–6267Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00724a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00724a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views359Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Superconducting single crystals of TaC encapsulated in carbon nanotubes (1994)

The synthesis and electron microscopic studies of TaC single crystals encapsulated in carbon nanotubes are reported. The crystal structure is the NaCl type with the lattice parameter a0=4.455±0.003 Å. The typical crystalline size is ∼7 nm. The epitaxial growth of carbon nanotube on the {100} plane of the TaC single crystal is observed. The statistical growth model is adequate for explaining the crystalline-particle size distribution of the encapsulated crystals. Magnetic susceptibility measurements show a superconducting transition at 10.0 K, which is the expected critical temperature for the bulk TaC having the highest carbon composition.
Specific length and structure rather than high thermodynamic stability enable regulatory mRNA stem-loops to pause translation (2022)

Translating ribosomes unwind mRNA secondary structures by three basepairs each elongation cycle. Despite the ribosome helicase, certain mRNA stem-loops stimulate programmed ribosomal frameshift by inhibiting translation elongation. Here, using mutagenesis, biochemical and single-molecule experiments, we examine whether high stability of three basepairs, which are unwound by the translating ribosome, is critical for inducing ribosome pauses. We find that encountering frameshift-inducing mRNA stem-loops from the E. coli dnaX mRNA and the gag-pol transcript of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) hinders A-site tRNA binding and slows down ribosome translocation by 15-20 folds. By contrast, unwinding of first three basepairs adjacent to the mRNA entry channel slows down the translating ribosome by only 2-3 folds. Rather than high thermodynamic stability, specific length and structure enable regulatory mRNA stem-loops to stall translation by forming inhibitory interactions with the ribosome. Our data provide the basis for rationalizing transcriptome-wide studies of translation and searching for novel regulatory mRNA stem-loops.
ChemInform Abstract: TETRAMETHOXY‐AETHYLEN 9. MITT. BLDG. UND RK. VON 1,1,2,2‐TETRAMETHOXY‐CYCLOPROPANEN (1972)

Abstract CC Die Umsetzung des Äthylens (I) mit Bis‐(jodmethyl)‐Zn liefert außer dem Cyclopropan (II) die Ester (III) und (IV).
Array-Fed Microwave Radiometer (2021)

Modern multi-band radiometer imagers are designed trading spatial resolution, spectral coverage, and surface sampling characteristics to optimize science return. In this process, trades must be made to usually under-sample the Earth scene. Care is taken to obtain contiguous 3-dB edge-to-edge coverage, but even so, such a design still aliases high spatial frequency content in the image.
Supplementary Table S3 from Association of Antifolate Response Signature Status and Clinical Activity of Pemetrexed-Platinum Chemotherapy in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: The Piedmont Study (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Relationship of the expression of individual genes (ATIC, GART, DHFR, MTHFD1L or TYMS) with survival.&lt;/p&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Radialene‐Shaped Pyrroles by Multiple‐Anion‐Capture Reactions of 1,3‐Dianions. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Physical Properties of Proton Conducting Membranes Based on a Protic Ionic Liquid (2007)

We have investigated the physical properties of proton conducting polymer membranes based on a protic ionic liquid (IL). Properties such as ionic conductivity, melting point of the polymer phase, and glass transition temperature of the liquid phase are studied as a function of IL/polymer ratio and temperature. We observe an increased thermomechanical stability of the membrane with increasing polymer content. However, there is a concomitant decrease in the conductivity with increasing polymer content. This decrease is larger than what can be expected from the dilution of the conducting IL by the insulating polymer matrix. The origin of this decrease can be caused both by the morphology of the membrane and by interactions between the polymer matrix and the ionic liquid. We find a change in the glass transition temperature and in the temperature dependence of the conductivity with increasing polymer content. Both effects can be related to the physical confinement of the IL in the polymer membrane.
Conductive polymeric compositions (1977)

Abstract In most low‐strength applications, plastics offer cost, maintenance, and density advantages over metals. Major deficiencies of plastics, however, are low thermal and electrical conductivities. Various studies have dealt with these problems, and it has been found that thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity can both be increased by the addition of conductive fillers to the polymer. The two parameters that most significantly affect the increase in conductivity of the resulting composite are volume loading of filler and filler shape. Fibrous conductors improve conductivity much‐more significantly than spheres, flakes, or irregular particulates. The effect of fillers on thermal and electrical conductivities is not the same. The maximum increase in thermal conductivity that can reasonably be expected over the base polymer is 100:1. Electrical conductivity, on the other hand, can be increased by a factor of 10 15 . One particularly attractive technique for increasing the electrical conductivity of polymers is electroless plating of metals onto glass fibers which are then incorporated into the polymer. Such a composite can he made electrically conductive with as little as 6 volume percent metal.
Measurements and Prediction of the Effects of Surface Roughness on Profile Losses and Deviation in a Turbine Cascade (1996)

Measurements of pressure distributions, profile losses and flow deviation were carried out on a planar turbine cascade in incompressible flow to assess the effects of partial roughness coverage of the blade surfaces. Spanwise oriented bands of roughness were placed at various locations on the suction and pressure surfaces of the blades. Roughness height, spacing between roughness elements, and band width were varied. A computational method based on the inviscid/viscous interaction approach was also developed; its predictions were in good agreement with the experimental results. This indicates that good predictions can be expected for a variety of cascade and roughness configurations from any 2-dimensional analysis which couples an inviscid method with a suitable rough surface boundary-layer analysis. The work also suggests that incorporation of the rough wall skin-friction law into a 3-D Navier-Stokes code would enable good predictions of roughness effects in 3-dimensional situations. Roughness was found to have little effect on static pressure distribution around the blades and on deviation angle, provided that it does not precipitate substantial flow separation. Roughness on the suction surface can cause large increases in profile losses; roughness height and location of the leading edge of the roughness band are particularly important. Loss increments due to pressure-surface roughness are much smaller than those due to similar roughness on the suction surface.
Atomic layer deposition (2012)

The growth method of atomic layer deposition (ALD) was introduced in Finland by Suntola under the name of atomic layer epitaxy (ALE). The method was originally used for deposition of thin films of sulphides (ZnS, CaS, SrS) activated with manganese or rare-earth ions. Such films were grown for applications in thin-film electroluminescence (TFEL) displays. The ALE mode of growth was also tested in the case of molecular beam epitaxy.
Interleukin-1-beta Gene Expression in Human Monocytes and Alveolar Macrophages from Normal Subjects and Patients with Sarcoidosis (1988)

To assess the ability of human alveolar macrophages to produce interleukin-1-beta (IL1-beta), we examined IL1-beta mRNA accumulation in autologous monocytes and alveolar macrophages from normal volunteers. Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide stimulation of monocytes induced rapid IL1-beta mRNA accumulation, reaching a maximum at 2 to 4 h and declining thereafter. Alveolar macrophages, however, accumulated much less mRNA than did monocytes. This difference could not be explained by differences in kinetics of IL1-beta gene expression between the 2 cell types, isolation techniques, or alveolar macrophage lidocaine exposure. This suggests that differences in transcription of the IL1-beta gene exist between these 2 cell types. Aging is a possible factor important in some functional differences between these 2 cell types. To determine if this difference in the capacity to express the IL1-beta gene might be a function of cell maturity, monocytes were aged in vitro for 7 days. After this culture period, monocytes had a marked decrease in the ability to accumulate IL1-beta mRNA, suggesting that cell aging may be one mechanism involved in producing these transcriptional differences. Because IL1-beta has also been implicated in the inflammatory and fibrotic responses in pulmonary sarcoidosis, 4 patients with newly diagnosed sarcoidosis underwent bronchoalveolar lavage, and IL1-beta mRNA accumulation was compared in their alveolar macrophages and blood monocytes. Comparing normal alveolar macrophages to those from patients with sarcoidosis showed no differences in the kinetics of IL1-beta mRNA expression or in the LPS-induced levels of IL1-beta mRNA accumulation. In addition, augmented levels of IL1-beta transcript were not noted in unstimulated sarcoid alveolar macrophages.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Fusion Techniques for Reliable Information: A Survey (2010)

Information fused by multi-sensors is an important factor for obtaining reliable contextual information in smart spaces which use the pervasive and ubiquitous computing techniques. Adaptive fusion improves robust operational system performances then makes a reliable decision by reducing uncertain information. However, these fusion techniques suffer from problems regarding the accuracy of estimation or inference. No commonly accepted approaches exist currently. In this survey, we introduce the advantages and disadvantages of fusion techniques which can be used in specific applications. Second, we categorize well-known models, algorithms, systems, and applications depending on the proposed approaches. Finally, we discuss the related issues for fusion techniques within the smart spaces then suggest research directions for improving the decision-making in uncertain situation.
Variational merged of hourly gauge‐satellite precipitation in China: Preliminary results (2015)

Abstract The article describes a variational scheme for the analysis of high‐resolution hourly precipitation from China Meteorological Administration gauges and NOAA CMORPH satellite products in China and tests their impact on data‐sparse regions and the heavy rainfall occurrences during the summer season (June–August 2009). In the variational scheme, a cost function is defined to measure the distance between analyzed precipitation field and observed rainfall quantity. A recursive filter is incorporated into the cost function which helps spread the observations to nearby grid points. Then a quasi‐Newton method is used to solve the optimal estimation problem by minimizing the cost function. The adjoint technique is used to derive the gradient of cost function with respect to analysis precipitation. A series of experiments are performed to intercompare the variational analysis with the original CMORPH satellite products (CMP) and the bias‐adjusted satellite products (Adj‐CMP) against the observations. The best overall performance is from the variational analysis especially rainfall intensity by more than 10 mm h −1 with a prevailing mean relative spatial bias nearly reduction zero, and the correlation coefficient is almost around 0.5 in convection active areas. Ground cross‐validation experiments in which each affected station is withdrawn at once indicated that the variational analysis can particularly be beneficial and subsequent investigation of heavy rainfall events. It also reveals that the precipitation analysis field has the ability to improve the accuracy of rainfall estimation and capture the spatial precipitation pattern agreements in relatively data‐sparse regions.
Proof of degradation processes in thick film Li(Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3)O2 and LiFePO4 cathodes by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (2022)

Nowadays, requirements in lithium-ion battery technology tend to a contemporaneous characteristic of high energy and high power density, which presume a Pareto optimum in each step of layout design. One approach that could cover the demands of simultaneously high energy and power density regulations is the use of the so-called 3D battery concept, which enables short lithium-ion diffusion pathways and a reduced cell impedance. In this study, commercial lithium-iron-phosphate (LFP) and tape-casted lithium-nickel-manganese-cobalt-oxide (NMC) cathodes were investigated regarding degradation processes during fast discharging conditions. The visualization of such discovered regions were determined in unstructured and laser-structured electrodes by applying laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). Post mortem LIBS analyses of laser structured and unstructured LFP and NMC electrodes were correlated with electrochemical data offering new perspectives in studying degradation processes.