gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Role of CHPD and AIMI processing on enhancing JC and transverse connectivity of in-situ MgB2 strand (2020)

Research into <i>in-situ</i> MgB<sub>2</sub> strand has been focused on improvements in <i>J</i> <sub>C</sub> through reduction of porosity. Both of cold-high-pressure-densification (CHPD) and advanced-internal-magnesium-infiltration (AIMI) techniques can effectively remove the voids in <i>in-situ</i> MgB<sub>2</sub> strands. This study shows the nature of the reduced porosity for <i>in-situ</i> MgB<sub>2</sub> strands lies on increases in transverse grain connectivity as well as longitudinal connectivity. The CHPD method bi-axially applying 1.0 GPa and 1.5 GPa yielded 4.2 K <i>J</i> <sub>CM∥</sub>s of 9.6 × 10<sup>4</sup> A/cm<sup>2</sup> and 8.5 × 10<sup>4</sup> A/cm<sup>2</sup> at 5 T, respectively, with compared with 6.0 × 10<sup>4</sup> A/cm<sup>2</sup> for typical powder-in-tube (PIT) <i>in-situ</i> strand. Moreover, AIMI-processed monofilamentary MgB<sub>2</sub> strand obtained even higher <i>J</i> <sub>C</sub>s and transverse grain connectivity than the CHPD strands.
Chemical vapor deposition of (Ba,Sr)TiO3 thin films for application in gigabit scale dynamic random access memories (1997)

Abstract Our recent study respecting chemical vapor deposition of (Ba, Sr)TiO3 thin films was discussed focusing on conformal deposition technique and composition control. Perfect conformal (Ba, Sr)TiO3 films were deposited under the kinetically limited condition using Ba(THD)2-Sr(THD)2-TiO(THD)2 (THD is 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedione) source system. We successfully fabricated three-dimensional capacitors using this conformal deposition technique. Under the kinetically limited condition, the Ba/Sr composition ratio was determined by the partial pressure ratio of Ba(THD)2 and Sr(THD)2. The self-matching of Ti/(Ba+Sr) stoichiometry occurred under a certain TiO(THD)2 supply range. It was proposed that the possible important reactant species were (THD)2Ba-O-Ti(THD)2 and (THD)2Sr-O-Ti(THD)2 dimers.
Effect of Gas Holdup on Current Density Distribution in Horizontal Electrolysis Cell (2003)

Abstract In the electroplating industry, it is essential to know and control the current density distribution in the electroplating cell. To make clear the behaviour of gas bubbles produced in the horizontal electroplating cell, the effects of the electrolyte velocity and average current density on the current density distribution in the cell were investigated. The increase in overall resistance and the resulting non‐uniformity in current density distribution in the horizontal electrolysis cell were theoretically discussed by modifying Tobias concept derived for the vertical electrolysis cell.
IMMUNOGLOBULIN SYNTHESIS AND SECRETION (1970)

The subcellular sites of synthesis and route of intracellular transfer of immunoglobulin G (IgG) have been investigated by electron microscope radioautography with precursors used for the polypeptide chain (leucine-(3)H) and for the carbohydrate moieties (galactose-(3)H and glucosamine-(3)H). For this purpose, plasma cells from a mouse myeloma tumor were labeled with appropriate precursors and the distribution of radioautographic grains was determined at the end of the labeling period and after varying times of incubation in unlabeled medium. The results indicated that the polypeptide backbone is synthesized in a region of the cell occupied by the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and is transported from there to the region of the Golgi complex. Galactose is incorporated in IgG primarily at the level of the Golgi complex, whereas the incorporation of glucosamine appears to take place both in the RER and in the Golgi complex. From the Golgi complex, the completed IgG molecules reach the plasma membrane and are discharged extracellularly. The latter route of transport and the mechanism of discharge are not understood but may be mediated via smooth-surfaced vesicles.
Prognostic value of indocyanine green-plasma disappearance rate in critically ill patients (2002)

Purpose: To describe the epidemiology of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in a Brazilian ICU.
A Chemical Synthesis of Sucrose. A Conformational Analysis of the Reactions of 1,2-Anhydro-α-D-glucopyranose Triacetate1 (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Chemical Synthesis of Sucrose. A Conformational Analysis of the Reactions of 1,2-Anhydro-α-D-glucopyranose Triacetate1R. U. Lemieux and G. HuberCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1956, 78, 16, 4117–4119Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01597a070https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01597a070research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views302Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
First- and Zero-Order Kinetics of Porogen Release from the Cross-Linked Cores of Diblock Nanospheres (2003)

The porogen poly(2-hydrocinnamoyloxyethyl methacrylate) containing some adenine groups P(hCEMA-r-A) was prepared and separated into five fractions. The porogen and diblock copolymer poly{(2-cinnamoyloxyethyl methacrylate)-random-(2-hydrocinnamoyloxyethyl methacrylate)-random-[2-(1-thyminylacetoxyethyl methacrylate)]}-block-poly(tert-butyl acrylate), P(CEMA-r-hCEMA-r-T)-b-PtBA, formed micelles with PtBA coronas and P(CEMA-r-hCEMA-r-T)/P(hCEMA-r-A) cores in chloroform/cyclohexane. The cores of the micelles were cross-linked due to photodimerization of the CEMA units. Dispersion of the nanospheres in deuterated N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF-d7) triggered porogen release, and the kinetics were followed by NMR spectroscopy. While the release of the low-molar-mass fractions followed approximately the first-order rate law, zero-order kinetics was observed for the release of the fraction with the highest molar mass. The rationale for the first- to zero-order kinetic transition was given. Also justified is the scaling relation observed between the diffusion coefficient and molar mass of the porogens. This zero-order release kinetics may find applications in controlled drug delivery.
Comparative Efficacy of Granular and Bagged Formulations of the Hemostatic Agent QuikClot (2007)

ACS was as efficacious as original granular QC in inducing hemostasis and improving survival as compared with the efficacy of SD. Easier and more rapid application and complete removal of ACS may offer a distinct advantage in battlefield resuscitation efforts to enhance a clean wound site and eventual surgical repair.
Effective Suppression of Antiphase Domains in GaP(N)/GaP Heterostructures on Si(001) (2019)

III–V planar semiconductor heterostructures based on GaPN alloy with a nitrogen concentration up to 2.12% were grown on Si(001) by plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy. Dependence of nitrogen incorporation on the growth conditions and its effect on the crystal structure were investigated via analysis of X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy data. Continuous redshift and a substantial increase in intensity of the photoluminescence emission spectra were observed upon increase of nitrogen content. The effect of antiphase disorder in GaP buffer on the GaPN epilayer properties was studied. It was found that antiphase boundaries, protruding from the GaP/Si to the GaPN/GaP heterointerface, change their orientation and self-annihilate in the dilute nitride layer even with a low (0.5%) nitrogen content.
Cloning, nucleotide sequence, and expression of a p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase isozyme gene from Pseudomonas fluorescens (1993)

A gene encoding for a putative isozyme of p-hydroxy-benzoate hydroxylase (PHBH) has been isolated from Pseudomonas fluorescens (ATCC 13525). A comparison of the translated amino acid sequence with that of the known PHBH from P. fluorescens revealed that the new enzyme contains 3 additional amino acids and has 73% absolute homology to the previously known enzyme; conservation of secondary and active-site structures implied that the isozyme and known enzyme share the same general tertiary structure. Subsequent expression of the isozyme in Escherichia coli produced an enzyme with a specific activity about half that of the previously characterized PHBHs from P. fluorescens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa; in addition, somewhat weaker binding affinities for both NADPH and p-hydroxybenzoate were observed. Speculations are made on the reason for the existence of the isozyme, which does not appear to be expressed routinely in P. fluorescens.
New Acridone Inhibitors of Human Herpes Virus Replication (2004)

Modern biomedicinal research with acridones began with plant secondary metabolites but the successful development of these alkaloids into drugs has yet to be realized. However, there are synthetic acridones unrelated to the natural products now emerging as promising bioactive compounds. The purpose of this mini-review is to highlight the renewed interest in acridones for antiviral drug research, with the emphasis placed on several derivatives in early stage development for treating herpes virus infection. Novel anti-herpes acridones developed using a ligand-based approach have much simpler structure and generally have higher selectivity than the corresponding alkaloids. Three sub-types are currently classified on the basis of activity against Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) and, or Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and all of them inhibit viral replication post-adsorption. In terms of mode/mechanism of action, this "second wave" of early generation lead molecules appears unique in comparison to the natural products and to drugs derived from more traditional templates. Inhibition of HSV replication by these agents is best understood and it occurs after viral DNA synthesis. The mechanism for one prototype inhibitor (5-chloro-1,3-dihydroxy acridone), involves a blockade of viral DNA maturation (cleavage/packaging) and viral capsids accumulate abnormally. Interestingly, the 7-Chloro regioisomer blocks a later stage of viral assembly. At this time it is unclear whether atypical target-interaction or unusual polypharmacology is responsible for the antiviral activities observed and this key issue will hamper future drug development until it is resolved.
Integrated Antenna/Solar Array Cell (IA/SAC) System for Flexible Access Communications (2004)

Present satellite communications systems normally use separate solar cells and antennas. Since solar cells generally account for the largest surface area of the spacecraft, co-locating the antenna and solar cells on the same substrate opens the possibility for a number of data-rate-enhancing communications link architecture that would have minimal impact on spacecraft weight and size. The idea of integrating printed planar antenna and solar array cells on the same surface has been reported in the literature. The early work merely attempted to demonstrate the feasibility by placing commercial solar cells besides a patch antenna. Recently, Integrating multiple antenna elements and solar cell arrays on the same surface was reported for both space and terrestrial applications. The application of photovoltaic solar cell in a planar antenna structure where the radiating patch antenna is replaced by a Si solar cell has been demonstrated in wireless communication systems (C. Bendel, J. Kirchhof and N. Henze, 3rd Would Photovotaic Congress, Osaka, Japan, May 2003). Based on a hybrid approach, a 6x1 slot array with circularly polarized crossdipole elements co-located on the same surface of the solar cells array has been demonstrated (S. Vaccaro, J. R. Mosig and P. de Maagt, IEEE Trans. Ant. and Propag., Vol. 5 1, No. 8, Aug. 2003). Amorphous silicon solar cells with about 5-10% efficiency were used in these demonstrations. This paper describes recent effort to integrate advanced solar cells with printed planar antennas. Compared to prior art, the proposed WSAC concept is unique in the following ways: 1) Active antenna element will be used to achieve dynamic beam steering; 2) High efficiency (30%) GaAs multi-junction solar cells will be used instead of Si, which has an efficiency of about 15%; 3) Antenna and solar cells are integrated on a common GaAs substrate; and 4) Higher data rate capability. The IA/SAC is designed to operate at X-band (8-12 GH) and higher frequencies Higher operating frequencies enable greater bandwidth and thus higher data transfer rates. The first phase of the effort involves the development of GaAs solar cell MIMs (Monolithically Integrated Module) with a single patch antenna on the opposite side of the substrate. Subsequent work will involve the integration of MIMs and antennas on the same side of the substrate. Results from the phase one efforts will be presented.
A TfR-Binding Cystine-Dense Peptide Promotes Blood–Brain Barrier Penetration of Bioactive Molecules (2020)

The impenetrability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to most conventional drugs impedes the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Interventions for diseases like brain cancer, neurodegeneration, or age-associated inflammatory processes require varied approaches to CNS drug delivery. Cystine-dense peptides (CDPs) have drawn recent interest as drugs or drug-delivery vehicles. Found throughout the phylogenetic tree, often in drug-like roles, their size, stability, and protein interaction capabilities make CDPs an attractive mid-size biologic scaffold to complement conventional antibody-based drugs. Here, we describe the identification, maturation, characterization, and utilization of a CDP that binds to the transferrin receptor (TfR), a native receptor and BBB transporter for the iron chaperone transferrin. We developed variants with varying binding affinities (K<sub>D</sub> as low as 216 pM), co-crystallized it with the receptor, and confirmed murine cross-reactivity. It accumulates in the mouse CNS at ~25% of blood levels (CNS blood content is only ~1%-6%) and delivers neurotensin, an otherwise non-BBB-penetrant neuropeptide, at levels capable of modulating CREB signaling in the mouse brain. Our work highlights the utility of CDPs as a diverse, easy-to-screen scaffold family worthy of inclusion in modern drug discovery strategies, demonstrated by the discovery of a candidate CNS drug delivery vehicle ready for further optimization and preclinical development.
Active Pictorial Structures (2015)

In this paper we present a novel generative deformable model motivated by Pictorial Structures (PS) and Active Appearance Models (AAMs) for object alignment in-the-wild. Inspired by the tree structure used in PS, the proposed Active Pictorial Structures (APS) <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> model the appearance of the object using multiple graph-based pairwise normal distributions (Gaussian Markov Random Field) between the patches extracted from the regions around adjacent landmarks. We show that this formulation is more accurate than using a single multivariate distribution (Principal Component Analysis) as commonly done in the literature. APS employ a weighted inverse compositional Gauss-Newton optimization with fixed Jacobian and Hessian that achieves close to real-time performance and state-of-the-art results. Finally, APS have a spring-like graph-based deformation prior term that makes them robust to bad initializations. We present extensive experiments on the task of face alignment, showing that APS outperform current state-of-the-art methods. To the best of our knowledge, the proposed method is the first weighted inverse compositional technique that proves to be so accurate and efficient at the same time.
Use of a helicon-wave excited plasma for aluminum-doped ZnO thin-film sputtering (1998)

Successful sputtering deposition of aluminum-doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Al) thin films was carried out using the helicon-wave excited plasma (HWP). The films deposited on soda-lime glass substrates exhibited a dominant [0001]-oriented growth with a small full-width at half maximum (0.32 deg) of the (0002) x-ray diffraction peak. The film deposited at 300 °C showed a resistivity of 5×10−4 Ω cm without any additional annealings. High optical transmittance greater than 80% was achieved in the visible spectral wavelengths. Similar to the success of the laser ablation technique, the HWP-sputtering method is expected to be developed as one of the versatile techniques for the preparation of semiconductor thin films.
Functional Nanostructures for Effective Delivery of Small Interfering RNA Therapeutics (2014)

Small interfering RNA (siRNA) has proved to be a powerful tool for target-specific gene silencing via RNA interference (RNAi). Its ability to control targeted gene expression gives new hope to gene therapy as a treatment for cancers and genetic diseases. However, siRNA shows poor pharmacological properties, such as low serum stability, off-targeting, and innate immune responses, which present a significant challenge for clinical applications. In addition, siRNA cannot cross the cell membrane for RNAi activity because of its anionic property and stiff structure. Therefore, the development of a safe, stable, and efficient system for the delivery of siRNA therapeutics into the cytoplasm of targeted cells is crucial. Several nanoparticle platforms for siRNA delivery have been developed to overcome the major hurdles facing the therapeutic uses of siRNA. This review covers a broad spectrum of non-viral siRNA delivery systems developed for enhanced cellular uptake and targeted gene silencing in vitro and in vivo and discusses their characteristics and opportunities for clinical applications of therapeutic siRNA.
Access to Electric Light Is Associated with Shorter Sleep Duration in a Traditionally Hunter-Gatherer Community (2015)

Access to electric light might have shifted the ancestral timing and duration of human sleep. To test this hypothesis, we studied two communities of the historically hunter-gatherer indigenous Toba/Qom in the Argentinean Chaco. These communities share the same ethnic and sociocultural background, but one has free access to electricity while the other relies exclusively on natural light. We fitted participants in each community with wrist activity data loggers to assess their sleep-wake cycles during one week in the summer and one week in the winter. During the summer, participants with access to electricity had a tendency to a shorter daily sleep bout (43 ± 21 min) than those living under natural light conditions. This difference was due to a later daily bedtime and sleep onset in the community with electricity, but a similar sleep offset and rise time in both communities. In the winter, participants without access to electricity slept longer (56 ± 17 min) than those with access to electricity, and this was also related to earlier bedtimes and sleep onsets than participants in the community with electricity. In both communities, daily sleep duration was longer during the winter than during the summer. Our field study supports the notion that access to inexpensive sources of artificial light and the ability to create artificially lit environments must have been key factors in reducing sleep in industrialized human societies.
Cytoplasmic to nuclear translocation of RNA polymerase I is required for lipopolysaccharide-induced nucleolar RNA synthesis and subsequent DNA synthesis in murine B lymphocytes (1989)

The synthesis of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) in murine B lymphocytes is markedly elevated in response to mitogens such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS). First, to investigate the mechanism involved, antibodies directed against RNA polymerase I, the enzyme responsible for transcription of ribosomal genes, were introduced into the cytoplasm of lymphocytes via red cell-mediated microinjection and the ability of cells to synthesize RNA was examined. Simultaneous immunofluorescence/autoradiography revealed that 7% or less of the cells injected with specific antibodies prior to stimulation were actively synthesizing rRNA 15 or 40 h following LPS addition. In contrast 19% and 27% of cells injected with control IgG were active at these times. Non-ribosomal RNA synthesis was unaffected by the presence of anti-RNA polymerase I antibodies. Since antibodies injected into the cytoplasm were limited to that compartment, these data suggest that rRNA synthesis induced by LPS requires translocation of cytoplasmic RNA polymerase I into the nucleus. Second, to test whether synthesis of rRNA is required for entry into S phase, the effect of anti-RNA polymerase I antibodies on DNA synthesis in response to LPS was evaluated. Only 7% of cells containing anti-RNA polymerase I antibodies had initiated DNA synthesis 40 h after LPS addition whereas 25% of cells containing control IgG were actively synthesizing DNA at that time. These results suggest that nuclear accumulation of RNA polymerase I and increased rRNA synthesis are required for LPS-induced DNA synthesis in B lymphocytes.
A Note on Schoen's Calabi--Yau Threefolds (2018)

We study the topology of a real Lagrangian in Schoen's Calabi--Yau threefold $X$ and compute its mod $2$ cohomology using two methods; first via a concrete Mayer--Vietoris calculation, then by an exact sequence relating the mod $2$ cohomology of the real Lagrangian to the cohomology of $X$. We conclude that these two methods agree. This in particular corrects a previous computation made by Castaño-Bernard--Matessi.
High ciliary neuronotrophic specific activity in rat peripheral nerve (1984)

Ciliary neuronotrophic factors (CNTFs) are proteins defined by their ability to promote the survival in tissue culture of chick embryo ciliary ganglionic neurons. CNTF activity has been reported in several source materials. Among these sources, the highest specific activity, i.e. 16,000 TU/mg, has been found in the intraocular tissue innervated by the ciliary ganglionic neurons. We now report that extracts of adult rat peripheral nerve and spinal nerve roots contain CNTF at a specific activity equal to or greater than the intraocular tissue. Equally high concentrations of CNTF activity are found in both motor and sensory nerves. The possible cellular source(s) of this mammalian CNTF is discussed.
Supplementary Table 1 from Tumor Mutation Burden and Prognosis in Patients with Colorectal Cancer Treated with Adjuvant Fluoropyrimidine and Oxaliplatin (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Tumor mutation burden in MSI-H patients&lt;/p&gt;
Application of process control loop benchmarking to an oil production platform (2001)

A complex system usually comprises numerous loops that are controlled by local SISO controllers. The decision to retune or replace any one of these controllers should be based on an investigation as to whether a change will improve the performance. Such a procedure is referred to as benchmarking. With a benchmarking tool, the engineer can justify a proposed retuning of the controller, since it provides a measure for the quality of control achieved. In the paper, first, the basic theory on minimum variance control is presented. Then, the results that arise from this theory, and directly applicable to benchmarking, are given. Finally, application of the given ideas to an industrial example, namely a separation vessel in an oil platform, is described.