gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Facilities and programs for research in a low-gravity environment (1986)

The history of NASA-supported microgravity material-processing research on Apollo, Skylab, and Apollo-Soyuz is reviewed; the currently available ground and Space Shuttle laboratory facilities are characterized and illustrated with drawings; and an overview of the Microgravity Science and Applications Program (MSAP) is given. The ground systems include drop tubes, drop towers, aircraft, and levitators; on the Space Shuttle, facilities are provided in the Orbiter middeck, in the payload bay, and in the Spacelab module. The aims of MSAP and the mechanisms for academic or industry participation are outlined, and typical results of MSAP-organized research in electronic materials, biotechnology, metals and alloys, glasses and ceramics, combustion, fluid dynamics, and transport phenomena are summarized.
Band Assignment in Hemoglobin Porphyrin Ring Spectrum: Using Four-Orbital Model of Gouterman (2010)

Band assignment for oxy, deoxy and methemoglobin using orbital promotion is crucial to understanding inter-relation of electronic transitions. Spectral changes may be correlated with conformational alteratiions. Conformational changes of hemoglobin were interpreted using four-orbital model of Gouterman. Our results indicated that Goutherman model can predict the predominant conformations of hemoglobin.
Reduction of Quality (RoQ) Attacks on Dynamic Load Balancers: Vulnerability Assessment and Design Tradeoffs (2007)

One key adaptation mechanism often deployed in networking and computing systems is dynamic load balancing. The goal from employing dynamic load balancers is to ensure that the offered load would be judiciously distributed across resources to optimize the overall performance. To that end, this paper discovers and studies new instances of Reduction of Quality (RoQ) attacks that target the dynamic operation of load balancers. Our exposition is focused on a number of load balancing policies that are either employed in current commercial products or have been proposed in literature for future deployment. Through queuing theory analysis, numerical solutions, simulations and Internet experiments, we are able to assess the impact of RoQ attacks through the potency metric. We identify the key factors, such as feedback delay and averaging parameters, that expose the trade-offs between resilience and susceptibility to RoQ attacks. These factors could be used to harden load balancers against RoQ attacks. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first to study adversarial exploits on the dynamic operation of load balancers.
Antenna challenge for in-house applications (2005)

The antenna for future wireless systems will be no more a simple passive radiator that we add at the end of the design process. Future antennas will play a major role in the performance of the wireless systems, bringing high added value and key differentiating features to future wireless products and services.
MIT-NASA/KSC space life science experiments - A telescience testbed (1990)

Experiments performed at MIT to better define Space Station information system telescience requirements for effective remote coaching of astronauts by principal investigators (PI) on the ground are described. The experiments were conducted via satellite video, data, and voice links to surrogate crewmembers working in a laboratory at NASA's Kennedy Space Center. Teams of two PIs and two crewmembers performed two different space life sciences experiments. During 19 three-hour interactive sessions, a variety of test conditions were explored. Since bit rate limits are necessarily imposed on Space Station video experiments surveillance video was varied down to 50 Kb/s and the effectiveness of PI controlled frame rate, resolution, grey scale, and color decimation was investigated. It is concluded that remote coaching by voice works and that dedicated crew-PI voice loops would be of great value on the Space Station.
Flexible and Highly Scalable V2O5‐rGO Electrodes in an Organic Electrolyte for Supercapacitor Devices (2014)

Vanadium pentoxide–reduced graphene oxide (rGO) free‐standing electrodes are used as electrodes for supercapacitor applications, eliminating the need for current collectors or additives and reducing resistance (sheet resistance 29.1 Ω □ −1 ). The effective exfoliation of rGO allows improved electrolyte ions interaction, achieving high areal capacitance (511.7 mF cm −2 ) coupled with high mass loadings. A fabricated asymmetric flexible device based on rGO/V 2 O 5 ‐rGO (VGO) consists of approximately 20 mg of active mass and still delivers a low equivalent series resistance (ESR) of 3.36 Ω with excellent cycling stability. A prototype unit of the assembled device with organic electrolyte is shown to light up eight commercial light‐emitting diode bulbs.
IoT device security based on proxy re-encryption (2017)

It appears that interest in the Internet of things (IoT) has recently reached its peak, with a great deal of focus from both the private and public sectors. IoT, a technology that enables the exchange of data through linkage among all objects surrounding the user, can create new services. Data communication among objects is not limited to personal information, but can also deliver different data types, such as sensing information collected from the surrounding environment. When such data is collected and used maliciously by an attacker, it is more vulnerable to threats than in conventional network environments. Security of all data transmitted in the IoT environment is therefore essential for preventing attacks. However, it is difficult to apply the conventional cipher algorithm to lightweight devices. Therefore, we propose a method for sharing and managing data using the conventional cipher algorithm on lightweight devices in various circumstances. This method implements proxy re-encryption in order to manage data with fewer encryptions, and provides a data sharing function to supplement the insufficient capacity of lightweight device networks.
Electrochemical Detection of Ni 2+ Ions Using Synthesized (E)‐N’‐Chlorobenzylidene‐4‐methylbenzenesulfonohydrazide Derivatives Modified with a Nafion Matrix (2017)

Abstract ( E )‐ N ’‐Chlorobenzylidene‐4‐methylbenzenesulfonohydrazide (CBMBSH) compounds were synthesized using a simple condensation process from the derivatives of chlorobenzaldehyde and 4‐methylbenzenesulfonylhydrazine in a good yield which crystallized in ethanol. The CBMBSH molecules were totally characterized using conventional spectroscopic techniques such as 1 H‐NMR, 13 C‐NMR, FTIR, and UV‐Vis spectroscopy. The molecular structures of the CBMBSH molecules were confirmed using a single crystal X‐ray diffraction (SCXRD) method and used for the potential detection of heavy metal ion, nickel (Ni 2+ ) using a reliable I−V technique. A thin layer of CBMBSH was deposited onto a flat glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with 5 % nafion coating binder in order to modify a sensitive and selective Ni 2+ ionic sensor. Sensitivity, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantification (LOQ) of the modified electrode towards Ni 2+ were calculated from the slope of calibration curve as 949.0 pAμM −1 cm −2 , 98.0±2.0 pM, and 326.67 mM respectively. The approaching CBMBSH/GCE sensor was applied to the selective determination of Ni 2+ in spiked real samples, and found satisfactory and rational results.
Necrotizing sclerokeratitis following uncomplicated cataract surgery (1998)

This report represents the first account of postoperative scleral necrosis arising from a subconjunctival abscess, and illustrates the importance of identifying all aetiopathogenic factors in cases of postsurgical necrotizing scleritis.
Dehn’s Lemma for immersed loops (2018)

Suppose $\delta$ is a generic immersed closed curve in the boundary of a 3-manifold M and $\delta$ is null-homotopic in M. Then $\delta$ can be displaced by a height function in a collar of the boundary so that the resulting simple closed curve in the collar bounds a disk in M.
Lightweight RSVP-TE extensions to account for Shared Regenerators in Translucent Optical Networks (2007)

Lightweight GMPLS extensions are proposed to account for shared regenerators in translucent optical networks during lightpath set up. Low blocking is obtained without requiring any routing protocol modiflcation.
Sorafenib Cardiotoxicity Increases Mortality After Myocardial Infarction (2014)

Sorafenib cardiotoxicity results from myocyte necrosis rather than from any direct effect on myocyte function. Surviving myocytes undergo pathological hypertrophy. Inhibition of c-kit+ stem cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis exacerbates damage by decreasing endogenous cardiac repair. In the setting of MI, which also causes large-scale cell loss, sorafenib cardiotoxicity dramatically increases mortality.
Recovery of conduction velocity distal to a compressive lesion (1974)

Nerve conduction studies have been carried out pre- and postoperatively on 26 hands of patients with a carpal tunnel syndrome. When examined six to eight weeks postoperatively, there had been no significant change in conduction velocity or action potential amplitude in the fingers distal to the compression. Velocity had increased over the carpal tunnel segment. When the patients were seen between 12 and 18 weeks postoperatively, velocity and amplitude had increased in the fingers. The group with marked electrical abnormalities had improved more than the group in which digital amplitude was originally within the control range. The improvement occurred too early to be due to regeneration after relief of compression. It is suggested that either maturation of regenerating fibres was delayed by the compression or a reversible change had occurred in surviving fibres.
Speech denoising through source separation and min-max tracking (2005)

Speech is a fundamental means of human communication. In the last several decades, much effort has been devoted to the efficient transmission and storage of speech signals. With advances in technology making mobile communication ubiquitous, communications anywhere has become a reality. The freedom and flexibility offered by mobile technology brings with it new challenges, one of which is robustness to acoustic background noise. Speech enhancement systems form a vital front-end for mobile telephony in noisy environments such as in cars, cafeterias, subway stations, etc., in hearing aids, and to improve the performance of speech recognition systems. In this thesis, which consists of four research articles, we discuss both single and multi-microphone approaches to speech enhancement. The main contribution of this thesis is a framework to exploit available prior knowledge about both speech and noise. The physiology of speech production places a constraint on the possible shapes of the speech spectral envelope, and this information s captured using codebooks of speech linear predictive (LP) coefficients obtained from a large training database. Similarly, information about commonly occurring noise types is captured using a set of noise codebooks, which can be combined with sound environment classi¯cation to treat different environments differently. In paper A, we introduce maximum-likelihood estimation of the speech and noise LP parameters using the codebooks. The codebooks capture only the spectral shape. The speech and noise gain factors are obtained through a frame-by-frame optimization, providing good performance in practical nonstationary noise environments. The estimated parameters are subsequently used in a Wiener filter. Paper B describes Bayesian minimum mean squared error estimation of the speech and noise LP parameters and functions there-of, while retaining the in- stantaneous gain computation. Both memoryless and memory-based estimators are derived. While papers A and B describe single-channel techniques, paper C describes a multi-channel Bayesian speech enhancement approach, where, in addition to temporal processing, the spatial diversity provided by multiple microphones s also exploited. In paper D, we introduce a multi-channel noise reduction technique motivated by blind source separation (BSS) concepts. In contrast to standard BSS approaches, we use the knowledge that one of the signals is speech and that the other is noise, and exploit their different characteristics.
Cytokine‐mediated induction of cyclo‐oxygenase‐2 by activation of tyrosine kinase in bovine endothelial cells stimulated by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (1995)

1. The induction of cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) afforded by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin) in bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) is mediated by tyrosine kinase. LPS also causes the generation of several cytokines including interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). This study investigates whether endogenous IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, EGF or PDGF contribute to the induction of COX-2 elicited by LPS in BAEC and if their action is due to activation of tyrosine kinase. Furthermore, we have studied the induction of COX-2 by exogenous cytokines. 2. Accumulation of 6-oxo-prostaglandin (PG) F1 alpha in cultures of BAEC was measured by radioimmunoassay at 24 h after addition of either LPS (1 microgram ml-1) alone or LPS together with a polyclonal antibody to one of the various cytokines. In experiments designed to measure 'COX activity', 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha generated by BAEC activated with recombinant human IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, EGF or PDGF for 12 h was measured after incubation of washed cells with exogenous arachidonic acid (30 microM for 15 min). Western blot analysis determined the expression of COX-2 protein in BAEC. 3. The accumulation of 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha caused by LPS in BAEC was attenuated by co-incubation with one of the polyclonal antibodies, anti-IL-1 beta, anti-TNF-alpha, anti-EGF, anti-PDGF or with the IL-1 receptor antagonist, in a dose-dependent manner. Exogenous IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha or EGF also caused an increase in COX activity, while PDGF was ineffective. The increase in COX activity elicited by IL-1,beta(10 ng ml-1), TNF-alpha (100 ng ml-1) or EGF (1000 ng ml-1) in BAEC was attenuated by erbstatin (0.005 to 5 microg ml-1), as was the expression of COX-2 protein measured by Western blot analysis.4. PDGF (10 ng ml-1) significantly augmented the rise in COX activity and COX-2 protein caused by shorter incubation of BAEC with LPS (1 microg ml-1 for 3 h). Combination of PDGF (10 ng ml-1) with a low concentration of IL-l beta (1 ng ml-1) for 12 h, also increased 'COX activity', but combination of PDGF and TNF-alpha (10 ng ml-1) did not show any increased activity.5. These results suggest that (i) the induction of COX activity and COX-2 protein elicited by LPS in BAEC is mediated by TNF-alpha with lesser contributions from PDGF, EGF or IL-1 beta; (ii) exogenous IL-1 beta,TNF-alpha or EGF alone induce COX-2 activity and protein in BAEC; (iii) PDGF synergizes with IL-1 beta,but not TNF-alpha, to cause expression of COX-2; and (iv) the induction of COX-2 protein and activity caused by these cytokines involves the activation of tyrosine kinase.
Oncogene c-MYC Controls the Expression of PHF10 Subunit of PBAF Chromatin Remodeling Complex in SW620 Cell Line (2019)

The PBAF(SWI/SNF) multiprotein complex, which changes the chromatin structure, is widely involved in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression. A specific component of this complex is the PHF10 protein, which is involved in recruiting this complex to chromatin. We showed that the PHF10 expression in cells of different lines is activated by the c-MYC oncogene. Since PHF10 stimulates cell proliferation, its c-MYC-dependent activation in cancer cells should lead to an increase in their proliferation rate.
How reliable is measurement of posture during sleep: real-world measurement of body posture and movement during sleep using accelerometers (2022)

<i>Objective</i>. Understanding sleeping behaviours could improve prevention and treatment of sleep problems and associated health conditions. This study aimed to evaluate a method to assess body posture and movement during sleep using trunk-worn accelerometers for 28 nights.<i>Approach</i>. Participants (50 adults with low back pain (66% female); aged 32(±9) years) wore two activPAL-micro sensors (thigh, trunk) during their normal daily life for 28 consecutive days. Parameters related to body posture (e.g. time spent lying supine or prone) and movement (e.g. number of turns) during sleep were calculated for each night. Average values for each parameter were identified for different periods, the Spearman-Brown Prophecy Formula was used to estimate the minimum number of nights required to obtain a reliable estimate of each parameter, and repeatability of measures between different weeks was calculated.<i>Main results</i>. Participants spent 8.1(±0.8) h asleep and most time (44%) was spent in a supine posture. The minimum number of nights required for reliable estimates varied between sleep parameters, range 4-21 nights. The most stable parameters (i.e. requiring less than seven nights) were 'average activity', 'no. of turns', 'time spent prone', and 'posture changes in the first hour'. Some measures differed substantially between weeks.<i>Significance</i>. Most sleep parameters related to body posture and movement require a week or more of monitoring to provide reliable estimates of behaviour over one month. Notably, one week may not reflect behaviour in another week, and the time varying nature of sleep needs to be considered.
Excision of transposon Tn917 in Bacillus subtilis (1990)

Excision of Tn917 from chromosomal sites in B. subtilis is characterized by reversion studies. We propose different modes of excision depending on the site of transposon insertion. Excision takes place as precise excision in one step which results in reversion of the mutant phenotype, or by a two-step process where nearly precise excision of the transposon moiety is followed by precise excision of the nearly precise excision remnants. For this type of transposons a minor pathway or nonreplicative transposition is proposed to be connected with precise excision.
Pleiotropic effects of the Bcg gene. II. Genetic restriction of responses to mitogens and allogeneic targets. (1988)

The response of Bcgr and Bcgs spleen cells to allogeneic Ag, mitogens, and in a system of oxidative mitogenesis using neuraminidase and galactose oxidase was investigated in two Bcg congenic systems. The Bcgr macrophages supported the MLR across H-2 barrier much better than the Bcgs macrophages. At sub-optimal or optimal doses of mitogens Bcgr mice were higher responders than their Bcgs counterparts. The superior response of Bcgr spleen cells to Con A was further investigated with the aim of identifying the population expressing this phenotype. T cells of either Bcgr or Bcgs type showed equal ability to respond to Con A in the presence of macrophages. Purified splenic macrophages from Bcgr mice contained a significantly greater percentage of Ia+-bearing macrophages compared to Bcgs mice. Splenic macrophages of the Bcgr type were more efficient than their Bcgs counterparts at restoring the Con A response of accessory cell-depleted spleen cells. Resident peritoneal macrophages as well as splenic dendritic cells from Bcgr and Bcgs mice were equally efficient at restoring this response. Glutaraldehyde-fixed Bcgr splenic macrophages were shown to be more efficient than the Bcgs cells at replenishing the response of Con A-unresponsive spleen cells when supplemented with IL-1.
Mediating photo collage authoring (2005)

The medium of collage supports the visualization of meaningful event summaries using photographs. It can however be rather tedious to author a collage from a large collection of photographs. In this work we present an approach that supports efficient construction of a collage by assisting the user with an automatic layout procedure that can be controlled at a high level. Our layout method utilizes a pre-designed template which consists of cells for photos and annotations applied to these cells. The layout is then filled by matching the metadata of photos to the annotations in the cells using an optimization algorithm. The user exercises flexibility in the authoring process by (a) maintaining high-level control through the types of constraints applied and (b) leveraging visual emphases supported by the layout algorithm. The user can of course provide fine-grained control of the final collage through direct manipulation. Off-loading the tedium of collage construction to a user controlled yet automated process clears the way for rapidly generating different views of the same album and could also support the increased sharing of digital photos in the form of compact collages.
Surface Chemistry of Luminescent Colloidal Silicon Nanoparticles (2006)

Luminescent colloidal silicon particles are obtained by burning silane and slowly etching the product with hydrogen fluoride. Depending on their size, the particles emit red-orange or blue-green light with decay times between 28 micros and <0.1 micros, respectively. The quantum yield of the red luminescence is found to be 35%, i.e., much higher than the 7% previously reported, and the yield of the blue-green luminescence is 18%. The luminescence of the colloidal particles is quenched upon the attack of their surface by free radicals, oxygen-centered radicals being more efficient than carbon-centered ones. It is concluded from the dependence of the luminescence wavelength on the etching time and the dependence of the luminescence lifetime on the wavelength that the mechanism of the photoluminescence undergoes a change with decreasing particle size. The red luminescent particles exhibit amphiphilic properties, such as unusual wetting phenomena. This effect is understood in terms of the existence of few polar groups on the otherwise nonpolar surface of the particles, possibly Si-OH groups, which also act as centers of the red luminescence.
Effect of scaling laws for noise reduction optimization of wind fences (2013)

This paper will report on an investigation to increase noise reductions at low wavenumbers for a large windscreen enclosure described in two earlier papers [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 129, 2445 (2011); J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 132, 2048 (2012)] by first doubling its height and then doubling its diameter. According to the scaling laws developed for small windscreens, windscreens of similar shape but differing size will have nearly identical reductions for scaled wavenumbers; therefore the wavenumbers at which noise reduction for a windscreen occurs is dependent on its size and by increasing either its height or diameter, or both, reductions should shift to lower wavenumbers. Such a shift was observed when the screen’s height was doubled. Also, when scaled to height, the measured reductions for the single and double height windscreens were found to match closely, with 6 dB of reduction and greater for wave numbers between 5 and 30 1/m and max reductions of 10–13 dB.
Path planning algorithm for mobile robot obstacle avoidance adopting Bezier curve based on Genetic Algorithm (2008)

Combining the Genetic Algorithm and Bezier curve, a new path planning for mobile robot is presented. This path replaces the traditional broken lines with smooth Bezier curve. Therefore it can satisfy the non-holonomic constraints of two-wheel-robot model and serves also the mobile robot rather ideal acceleration. Then it searches the optimal time-cost for control points of Bezier that stands for the path with Genetic Algorithm. The fitness function of Genetic Algorithm takes 3 factors that influence the moving time of robot seriously: security, length and smoothness of the path. The results of simulation and real competitions showed its good effectiveness.