gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect On Muscle Fibre Morphology And Carnosine Content After 12 Days Training Of Korean Speed Skaters (2005)

Speed skating is a highly anaerobic sport, influenced by the proportion of I, IIa and IIx fibres in key muscles as well as their capacities for aerobic energy provision and H+ buffering. PURPOSE To investigate the effect of 12d intense training on the fibre characteristics and carnosine (Carn) content of v. lateralis (VL) of elite (E) and nonelite (NE) Korean speed skaters at the start of the season. METHODS Five E and 5 NE male skaters (mean ± SD) of 20.8 ± 1.0 & 21.0 ± 1.7 yrs; 1.78 ± 0.02 & 1.75 ± 0.02 m; 78.4 ± 1.3 & 72.1 ± 1.5 kg; 17.3 ± 1.7 & 17.8 ± 1.2 % body fat; & VO2max of 54.6 ± 2.1 & 55.6 ± 3.3 ml.kg−1·min−1, who had not trained for 3 months, underwent 12d of intensive training (15×3 sets of leg and upper body exercises at 70–80% of 1RM as well as interval training comprising 400/200m sprint skating). Biopsies of VL were taken at 0 and 12d and analysed for fibre comp, area (csa), cap density (cd), and muscle & fibre Carn and Taurine (Tau) contents. RESULTS Training increased the proportion and csa of IIa fibres. This was significant in E skaters (p < 0.05). Carn increased with training from 21.0 ± 6.6 to 36.2 ± 9.8 mmol.kg−1 dwt (p<0.05); Tau remained constant (30.9 ± 10.3 and 36.8 ± 9.0). There was no difference between E and NE skaters. Only post training data was available on different fibres types. This showed IIa/I ratio's of Carn and Tau of 1.62 ± 0.67 and 0.45 ± 0.36.TableCONCLUSION 12d training of competitive skaters had effects on both muscle fibre characteristics and Carn likely to affect aerobic and anaerobic capacities.
Freeze Dried Chitosan/ Poly-ε-Caprolactone and Poly-ε-Caprolactone Nanoparticles: Evaluation of their Potential as DNA and Antigen Delivery Systems (2013)

Nanoparticles prepared from natural or synthetic polymers have shown potential for antigen and DNA vaccine delivery to mucosal surfaces. The purpose of this research was to prepare chitosan/poly-e-caprolactone (Chitosan/ PCL) nanoparticles and PCL nanoparticles and evaluate their potential as DNA and protein/vaccine delivery systems. Both preparation methods resulted in particles of low cytotoxicity and sizes suggested to be ideal to be taken up by cells (199 ± 62 nm and 165 ± 35 nm, respectively for chitosan/PCL and PCL nanoparticles). However, Chitosan/ PCL nanoparticles offered considerable advantages over PCL nanoparticles as antigen and DNA delivery system. Namely, higher loading efficacies for model antigens studied (myoglobin, BSA, ovalbumin, lactalbumin, α-casein and lysozyme), much higher uptake by A549 cells, great ability to form stable complexes, which protect DNA from nucleases. However, in spite of good DNA and protein loading capabilities, Chitosan/PCL nanoparticles showed much better qualities as a protein delivery system since the rate of cells transfected were not very high.
VII (2009)

<sc>Adam</sc> <sc>Verver</sc>, at Fawns, that autumn Sunday, might have been observed to open the door of the billiard-room with a certain freedom—might have been observed, that is, had there been a spectator in the field. The justification of the push he had applied, however,...
Field Cases for Permeability Determination from Minifracs (1996)

Abstract The estimation of the reservoir permeability, a variable of great importance in hydraulic fracture design, is frequently inaccessible because candidate wells either do not flow or a pretreatment pressure transient test would be inordinately long (and expensive). A methodology for the interpretation of a fracture calibration treatment has been developed that allows the calculation of the permeability in addition to the traditional results of the "leakoff coefficient", closure pressure and fluid efficiency. Here, gas reservoir field cases are presented and interpreted with this method. A log-log diagnostic plot of the rate-normalized pressure and its derivative was employed to account for a multi-rate injection (fluid leakoff) and it is used to identify the transient reservoir response during fracture closing. The reservoir permeability can then be estimated from a specialized plot. This procedure is verified by a pressure match.
Soil Evaluation in Relation to Cast‐Iron Pipe (1968)

In the appraisal of soil and other conditions that affect the corrosion rate of cast iron pipe, this article discusses a minimum number of considerations which must be included. They include: earth resistivity; consideration of pH; oxidation reduction potential; moisture content; stray direct current; ferrous underground structures; protection procedures; coatings; cathodic protection; and, polyethylene tubing.
Practical radio environment mapping with geostatistics (2012)

In this paper we present results from the first application of robust geostatistical modeling techniques to radio environment and coverage mapping of wireless networks. We perform our analysis of these methods with a case study mapping the coverage of a 2.5 GHz WiMax network at the University of Colorado, Boulder. Drawing from our experiences, we propose several new methods and extensions to basic geostatistical theory that are necessary for use in a radio mapping application. We also derive a set of best practices and discuss potential areas of future work. We find that this approach to radio environment mapping is feasible and produces maps that are more accurate and informative than both explicitly tuned path loss models and basic data fitting approaches.
Speak Like a Dog: Human to Non-human creature Voice Conversion (2022)

This paper proposes a new voice conversion (VC) task from human speech to dog-like speech while preserving linguistic information as an example of human to non-human creature voice conversion (H2NH-VC) tasks. Although most VC studies deal with human to human VC, H2NH-VC aims to convert human speech into non-human creature-like speech. Non-parallel VC allows us to develop H2NH-VC, because we cannot collect a parallel dataset that non-human creatures speak human language. In this study, we propose to use dogs as an example of a non-human creature target domain and define the “speak like a dog” task. To clarify the possibilities and characteristics of the “speak like a dog” task, we conducted a comparative experiment using existing representative non-parallel VC methods in acoustic features (Mel-cepstral coefficients and Mel-spectrograms), network architectures (five different kernel-size settings), and training criteria (variational autoencoder (VAE)-based and generative adversarial network (GAN)-based). Finally, the converted voices were evaluated using mean opinion scores: dog-likeness, sound quality and intelligibility, and character error rate (CER). The experiment showed that the employment of the Mel-spectrogram improved the dog-likeness of the converted speech, while it is challenging to preserve linguistic information. Challenges and limitations of the current VC methods for H2NH-VC are highlighted.
HIGHLY EFFECTIVE CATALYTIC ASYMMETRIC SYNTHESIS OF R-(−)-PANTOLACTONE (1978)

Abstract The sterically smaller N-substituents of methylpyrrolidinebisphosphines as chiral ligands in benzene except BPPM and BZPPM gave the better optical yields of R-(−)-pantolactone. Thus, BPPM-, FPPM-, APPM-, BZPPM- and PPPM-[Rh(1,5-cyclooctadiene)Cl]2 complexes gave 80.5, 78.9, 73.4, 78.5 and 67.5% optical yields respectively.
Inhibitor Bound Dengue NS2B-NS3pro Reveals Multiple Dynamic Binding Modes (2018)

Dengue virus poses a significant global health threat as the source of increasingly deleterious dengue fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever, and dengue shock syndrome. As no specific antiviral treatment exists for dengue infection, considerable effort is being applied to discover therapies and drugs for maintenance and prevention of these afflictions. The virus is primarily transmitted by mosquitoes, and infection occurs following viral endocytosis by host cells. Upon entering the cell, viral RNA is translated into a large multisubunit polyprotein which is post-translationally cleaved into mature, structural and nonstructural (NS) proteins. The viral genome encodes the enzyme to carry out cleavage of the large polyprotein, specifically the NS2B-NS3pro cofactor-protease complex-a target of high interest for drug design. One class of recently discovered NS2B-NS3pro inhibitors is the substrate-based trifluoromethyl ketone containing peptides. These compounds interact covalently with the active site Ser135 via a hemiketal adduct. A detailed picture of the intermolecular protease/inhibitor interactions of the hemiketal adduct is crucial for rational drug design. We demonstrate, through the use of protein- and ligand-detected solution-state <sup>19</sup>F and <sup>1</sup>H NMR methods, an unanticipated multibinding mode behavior of a representative of this class of inhibitors to dengue NS2B-NS3pro. Our results illustrate the highly dynamic nature of both the covalently bound ligand and protease protein structure, and the need to consider these dynamics when designing future inhibitors in this class.
A $K$-Band Planar Active Integrated Bi-Directional Switching Heat Applicator With Uniform Heating Profile (2009)

A planar bi-directional microwave heat applicator integrated with active circuits on a single platform is presented in this paper. <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">K</i> -band frequencies have been utilized to facilitate low-power hyperthermia and high-level integration. The active source module implemented with GaAs-based multichip monolithic microwave integrated circuits delivers 1.4 W at 20 GHz into the co-integrated planar applicator, which has three planar coaxial apertures on each side for wide-area bi-directional hyperthermia. The heating volume is further enhanced by employing switched heating, which effectively doubles the hyperthermic volume. The bio-heat equation is solved to find the optimum switching time, as well as to achieve uniform heating across the apertures. The effectiveness of the proposed applicator has been demonstrated by <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in-vitro</i> heating experiments on the pork muscle, which showed 210.6- mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> heating volume using only 1.4 W of on-board source power. The entire applicator was realized in a small form factor (5 mm times 50 mm times 0.524 mm) for minimally invasive interstitial insertion. The cost of the hyperthermia system can be drastically reduced by integrating active components on the applicator platform.
Research Paper: Effect of Lower Leg Cold Immersion on Dynamic Balance of Athletes and Nonathlete (2016)

Objective In recent years, cold water immersion (CWI) following heavy training sessions and matches is commonly used for reducing recovery time. Some studies have investigated the effect of CWI on the performance and physical fitness of athletes. However, there have been no investigations on the effect of cold application on dynamic balance. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of 8-minute cooling of the foot and ankle by immersion in ice on the dynamic balance of athletes and nonathletes . Materials & Methods A total of 58 Tehran university students (29 athletes and 29 nonathletes; mean [SD]age: 22.2[2 ]y, mean [SD] weight: 69.2[2] kg, and mean [SD] height: 175.2[2] cm) consented to participate in the study. They were divided into four groups. The anteroposterior and lateral Indices of dynamic balance were assessed by the Biodex Stability System . In order to familiarize the participants with the Biodex system and prepare them for the evaluation of dynamic balance, each participant was asked to practice on Biodex for one minute. All the subjects were required to immerse their entire feet and ankles in cold water (1&deg;C) for 8 minutes. The water level was approximately 5 cm above the lateral malleolus. After the cold application, the dynamic balance of the participants was reassessed. An ANOVA at P<0.05 was used to analyze data. Results It was found that there was no significant difference in the overall stability before (M=2.94, SD=1.26) and after cryotherapy (M=2.66, SD=1.40). There is no (t(57)=1.29, P=0.202) . A significant difference was observed in anterior-posterior stability index before (M=2.27, SD=1.06) and after cryotherapy (M=2.08, SD=1.19), (t(57)=0.98, P=0.33). The lateral stability index after cryotherapy (M=1.78, SD=0.88) showed a significant increase compared to before applying the cold therapy (M=2.05, SD=0.84) (t(57)=2.10, P=0.03). The results of ANOVA with repeated measures showed that the effect of athlete or nonathletes is not significant on the overall stability index and anterior-posterior (P=0.48) and lateral stability index (P=0.18) before and after cold application. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that cryotherapy through immersion of foot and ankle does not have a negative effect on the overall and anteroposterior indices of dynamic balance of athletes and nonathletes following an 8-min ice water immersion. It seems that the immersion process affected only the surface receptors of the skin and did not affect the deeper joint receptors that have a key role in balance.
Y‐STR Profiling in Extended Interval (≥3 days) Postcoital Cervicovaginal Samples* (2008)

Depending upon specific situations, some victims of sexual assault provide vaginal samples more than 36-48 h after the incident. We have tested the ability of commercial and in-house Y-STR systems to provide DNA profiles from extended interval (> or =3 days) postcoital samples. The commercial Y-STR systems tested included the AmpFlSTR Yfiler (Applied Biosystems), PowerPlex Y (Promega) and Y-PLEX 12 (Reliagene) products whereas the in-house systems comprised Multiplex I (MPI) and Multiplex B (MPB). Three donor couples were recruited for the study. Postcoital cervicovaginal swabs (x2) were recovered by each of the three females at specified intervals after sexual intercourse (3-7 days). Each time point sample was collected after a separate act of sexual intercourse and was preceded by a 7-day abstention period. As a negative control, a precoital swab was also recovered prior to coitus for each sampling and only data from postcoital samples that demonstrated a lack of male DNA in the associated precoital sample was used. A number of DNA profile enhancement strategies were employed including sampling by cervical brushing, nondifferential DNA extraction methodology, and post-PCR purification. Full Y-STR profiles from cervicovaginal samples recovered 3-4 days after intercourse were routinely obtained. Profiles were also obtainable 5-6 days postcoitus although by this stage partial profiles rather than full profiles were a more likely outcome. The DNA profiles from the sperm fraction of a differential lysis were superior to that obtained when a nondifferential method was employed in that the allelic signal intensities were generally higher and more balanced and exhibited less baseline noise. The incorporation of a simple post-PCR purification process significantly increased the ability to obtain Y-STR profiles, particularly from 5- to 6-day postcoital samples. Remarkably an 8 locus Y-STR profile was obtained from a 7-day postcoital sample, which is approaching the reported time limit for sperm detection in the cervix.
Detailed Characterization of Antisense DNA Oligonucleotides (1996)

We have developed methods for verification of the structures of novel, chemically synthesized oligonucleotides having alternating methylphosphonate/phosphodiester internucleotide linkages. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry was used to measure the molecular masses of full-length oligonucleotides, failure synthesis products, and degradation products formed by enzymatic and chemical means. These measurements provide detailed structural information, including molecular mass, length, base composition, complete nucleotide sequence, and confirmation of the sugar moieties and internucleotide linkages.
Reactions of unsaturated fatty alcohols. XIV. Preparation and properties of styrenated fatty vinyl ether polymers (1962)

Abstract New polymeric products have been prepared from conjugated linseed vinyl ether polymers and styrene. Up to 64% by weight of styrene can be incorporated by heating the preformed fatty vinyl ether polymer and monomeric styrene in an aromatic solvent. Primary factors influencing the course of the reaction were molecular weight and peroxide content of the starting vinyl ether polymer, reaction temperature, and type of solvent used. Formation of heterogeneous reaction products and gelation were encountered unless styrene was consumed in the reaction or removed. Films of these styrenated vinyl ether polymers show improved properties over the homopolymers previously studied. Baked films exhibit better gloss, color, and hardness; are more throughly cured; and show good flexibility and adhesion. Their resistance to 5% aqueous alkali is outstanding. The films also exhibit air‐drying properties. Fatty vinyl ether polymers and copolymers have shown only limited compatibility with commericial resins. However, styrenated polymers are compatible with long oil alkyd, urea, epoxy, hydrogenated rosin, and polyurethane resins.
Terahertz emission from photoconductive antenna fabricated on GaAs/Sapphire substrate (2015)

Photoconductive antenna (PCA) was fabricated on the GaAs/Sapphire substrate. Terahertz (THz) emission properties were studied using time-domain spectroscopy. The results indicated more efficient THz radiation from this PCA when comparing with the identical PCA fabricated on low-temperature grown GaAs.
Exhaled Breath Profiles Before, During and After Exacerbation of COPD: A Prospective Follow-Up Study (2019)

Many patients with chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) experience exacerbations. The diagnosis of an exacerbation is solely based on symptoms. We hypothesized that exhaled breath profiles, measured by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) or electronic nose (eNose), are different between stable disease and exacerbations and may have the potential to serve as biomarkers for COPD exacerbations. In this prospective follow-up study, breath samples were taken during stable COPD, during a subsequent exacerbation and after recovery. Samples were analyzed by GC-MS and eNose. CCQ symptom scores were associated with univariate outcomes of GC-MS and eNose using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). After multivariate modeling by Principal Component Analysis (PCA), paired student <i>t</i>-tests were performed. Sixty-eight patients were included, 31 had an exacerbation and 16 patients had breath sampled at all three time points. Significant differences were found in breathprints taken during exacerbation as compared to baseline and recovery for both GC-MS and eNose. Breath profiles obtained by GC-MS as well as by eNose showed a correct classification of 71% (10/14) for baseline <i>vs</i> exacerbation and of 78% (11/14) for exacerbation <i>vs</i> recovery. These results provide proof of principle that exhaled breath can serve as a noninvasive biomarker for the diagnosis of COPD exacerbations.
On-Demand Mobility Management (2019)

Applications differ with respect to whether they need IP session
continuity and/or IP address reachability. The network providing the
same type of service to any mobile host and any application running on
the host yields inefficiencies. This document describes a solution for
taking the application needs into account in selectively providing IP
session continuity and IP address reachability on a per- socket basis.
Steady-state performance analysis of consensus-based distributed detection under sensing data falsification attack (2017)

Distributed detection without fusion center (FC) allows each sensor node to exchange measurements with its neighbors and to reach agreement on the existence of the target using the consensus algorithm. Comparing with the centralized system, the decentralized system has better performance, in terms of robustness, scalability and invulnerability. Due to the decentralized and open properties, the security of decentralized system is challenging. In this paper, we introduce the system model of consensus-based distributed detection, and analyze the steady-state detection performance in the presence of the sensing data falsification attack. We define a probabilistic inverse attack model to characterize the malicious behavior. Then, we derive the closed-form expressions for the performance of the consensus-based distributed detection under the defined attack model, in terms of the false-alarm probability, the detection probability and the error probability. Moreover, using the deflection coefficient as the objective function, we derive the blind condition of making the detection system invalid. Simulation results illustrate the effects caused by sensing data falsification attack.
La transgénèse : un outil de plus en plus performant pour l'analyse fonctionnelle des gènes (1997)

L'experimentateur a maintenant a sa disposition des techniques de plus en plus sophistiquees afin d'analyser la fonction des genes in vivo. Le transfert de genes chez la souris par transgenese additionnelle s'est revele l'une des etapes incontournables dans l'etude de l'expression de sequences, intactes ou modifiees. Si, dans un premier temps, l'essor de la transgenese par remplacement de genes a un peu gomme cet apport initial, nous sommes maintenant a un moment de developpement de ces deux techniques qui permet, grâce a leur enrichissement mutuel, d'aborder de nombreuses questions en biologie. En decrivant les elements de base et les recentes ameliorations de ces deux techniques ainsi que quelques exemples de leurs applications, l'objectif de cette revue est de pouvoir fournir certains des criteres qui determineront pour l'experimentateur l'emploi en priorite de l'une de ces deux techniques et, plus probablement a terme, leur developpement conjoint.
Speech Recognition With Auxiliary Information (2004)

State-of-the-art automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems are usually based on hidden Markov models (HMMs) that emit cepstral-based features which are assumed to be piecewise stationary. While not really robust to noise, these features are also known to be very sensitive to "auxiliary" information, such as pitch, energy, rate-of-speech (ROS), etc. Attempts so far to include such auxiliary information in state-of-the-art ASR systems have often been based on simply appending these auxiliary features to the standard acoustic feature vectors. In the present paper, we investigate different approaches to incorporating this auxiliary information using dynamic Bayesian networks (DBNs) or hybrid HMM/ANNs (HMMs with artificial neural networks). These approaches are motivated by the fact that the auxiliary information is not necessarily (directly) emitted by the HMM states but, rather, carries higher-level information (e.g., speaker characteristics) that is correlated with the standard features. As implicitly done for gender modeling elsewhere, this auxiliary information then appears as a conditional variable in the emission distributions and can be hidden (except in the case of some HMM/ANNs) as its estimates become too noisy. Based on recognition experiments carried out on the OGI Numbers database (free format numbers spoken over the telephone), we show that auxiliary information that conditions the distribution of the standard features can, in certain conditions, provide more robust recognition than using auxiliary information that is appended to the standard features; this is most evident in the case of energy as an auxiliary variable in noisy speech.