gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neurophysiological coordination of duet singing (2021)

Coordination of behavior for cooperative performances often relies on linkages mediated by sensory cues exchanged between participants. How neurophysiological responses to sensory information affect motor programs to coordinate behavior between individuals is not known. We investigated how plain-tailed wrens (<i>Pheugopedius euophrys</i>) use acoustic feedback to coordinate extraordinary duet performances in which females and males rapidly take turns singing. We made simultaneous neurophysiological recordings in a song control area "HVC" in pairs of singing wrens at a field site in Ecuador. HVC is a premotor area that integrates auditory feedback and is necessary for song production. We found that spiking activity of HVC neurons in each sex increased for production of its own syllables. In contrast, hearing sensory feedback produced by the bird's partner decreased HVC activity during duet singing, potentially coordinating HVC premotor activity in each bird through inhibition. When birds sang alone, HVC neurons in females but not males were inhibited by hearing the partner bird. When birds were anesthetized with urethane, which antagonizes GABAergic (<i>γ</i>-aminobutyric acid) transmission, HVC neurons were excited rather than inhibited, suggesting a role for GABA in the coordination of duet singing. These data suggest that HVC integrates information across partners during duets and that rapid turn taking may be mediated, in part, by inhibition.
A Genetic Familial Study of Monoamine Oxidase B Activity and Concentration in Alcoholics (1993)

Platelet monoamine oxidase B (MAO B) activity and concentration were studied in a small sample of alcoholic families (n = 8) and in 20 unrelated, nonalcoholic controls. Complex segregation analyses of familial data indicated that both activity and concentration are controlled by a single major gene locus with a multifactorial background effect accounting for 0-50% of the variance. When the alcoholic family members (n = 24) were compared with the controls, all determinations of activity display significant differences, whereas MAO B concentration levels showed no difference. These results indicated that the lowered MAO B activities frequently reported among alcoholics do not reflect a change in the number of MAO B macromolecules expressed in platelets, but could be caused by the presence of an inhibitor or by a polymorphic or variant form of the enzyme.
An HDTV Broadcasting System Utilizing a Bandwidth Compression Technique-MUSE (1987)

An HDTV broadcasting service on one satellite broadcast channel became available after the development of a transmission system called MUSE involving bandwidth compression. Using MUSE, a satellite channel of width 27 or 24 MHz in the 12 GHz band can carry an HDTV picture, digitally-coded four-channel sound and independent digital signal at about 100 Kb/s.
Pixel-wise absolute pressures in the aortic arch from 3D MRI velocity data and carotid artery applanation tonometry (2014)

A pixel-wise method for absolute and local aortic pressures estimation using 3D velocities in MRI and carotid pressure curves to set-up reference pressure values is presented. This method is based on the Navier-Stokes equation and a fast iterative algorithm. Its reliability was demonstrated: 1) in a synthetic phantom by comparison against simplified Bernoulli equation applied at peak velocities, and 2) in a healthy subject and a patient with aortic coarctation, in which absolute pressure distribution within the aortic arch was consistent with established physiopathological knowledge. Such local absolute aortic pressures may be useful in the understanding of hemodynamic changes secondary to cardiovascular alterations. Also, their addition to the already available indices of risk of aortic complications such as dilatation and dissection definition may prove of major clinical usefulness.
Involvement of a Che‐like signal transduction cascade in regulating cyst cell development in Rhodospirillum centenum (2005)

Homologues of the E. coli chemotaxis (Che) signal transduction pathway are present in nearly all motile bacteria. Although E. coli contains only one Che cascade, many other bacteria are known to possess multiple sets of che genes. The role of multiple che-like gene clusters could potentially code for parallel Che-like signal transduction pathways that have distinctly different input and output functions. In this study, we describe a che-like gene cluster in Rhodospirillum centenum that controls a developmental cycle. In-frame deletion mutants of homologues of CheW (DeltacheW(3a)and DeltacheW(3b)), CheR (DeltacheR(3)), CheA (DeltacheA(3)) and a methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein (Deltamcp(3)) are defective in starvation-induced formation of heat and desiccation resistant cyst cells. In contrast, mutants of homologues of CheY (DeltacheY(3)), CheB (DeltacheB(3)), and a second input kinase designated as CheS (DeltacheS(3)) result in cells that are derepressed in the formation of cysts. A model of signal transduction is presented in which there are three distinct Che-like signal transduction cascades; one that is involved in chemotaxis, one that is involved in flagella biosynthesis and the third that is involved in cyst development.
mTOR Targeted Cancer Chemoprevention by Flavonoids (2020)

Over the past several decades, plant-derived products (phytochemicals) have been suggested to possess immense therapeutic potential. Among these phytochemicals, different flavonoids have been reported for their potent anticancer activity. To exhibit their anticancer potential, these flavonoids modulate different signaling pathways. Among these pathways, the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and associated phosphatidyl-inositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling cascade have been reported as a pivotal modulator of cell survival, proliferation, and death/apoptosis. Hence, targeting this cascade could be an ideal strategy to alleviate apoptosis and inhibit proliferation in different forms of cancer. The targeting of PI3K/Akt/mTOR by flavonoids have been well documented in the scientific literature. In the current study, we have studied the anticancer potential of various flavonoids, especially flavones, flavonols, and isoflavones that include apigenin, luteolin, baicalein, tangeretin, epigallocatechin- 3-gallate, genistein, and daidzein especially dealing with mTOR targeting.
ADVANCED HEAT PIPE THERMIONIC TECHNOLOGY. TASK I. DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH VOLTAGE MODULE. Mid-Term Status Report, May 1, 1968--February 28, 1969. (1969)

This report addresses he design of a heat pipe-thermionic module concept capable of output potentials as high as 28 volts.
Temperature dependence of the short circuit current and spectral responsivity of various kinds of crystalline silicon photovoltaic devices (2018)

The short-circuit current Isc and spectral responsivity (SR) of crystalline silicon (c-Si) photovoltaic (PV) modules and cells are investigated at various device temperatures. The long-wavelength tail of SR shifts toward longer wavelengths as the temperature increases. Although the wavelength shift Δλ per temperature difference ΔT is dependent on the device structure and λ, the present results show that the shift in the quantum efficiency (QE), which is related to SR by QE ≈ SR × 1240/λ, can be approximated using the wavelength-independent constant of Δλ/ΔT ∼ 0.45 nm/K for various types of c-Si device. The results indicate that the temperature dependence of SR can be approximated using a simple relation for various types of c-Si PV device, which greatly improves the precision of spectral mismatch correction when SR at only one temperature is available.
Deuterium Exchange Reactions with Substituted Aromatics. II. The Monohalogenated Benzenes and Naphthalenes (1961)

The platinum-catalysed exchange between heavy water and the monohalogenated benzenes and naphthalenes has been studied at 130-180 °C. Rate of exchange is found to decrease with increasing size of halogen substituent. Naphthalene derivatives exchange more slowly than the corresponding members of the benzene series. Rate of exchange increases with increasing ionization potential. From this correlation it is postulated that chemisorption of aromatic molecules on active platinum occurs through p-complex formation. In the benzene series, exchange in the ortho-position is slower than in the meta- or para-positions which react at approximately the same speed. ortho-Exchange increases with increasing size of halogen substituent. This deuteration technique is applicable to tritium labelling especially for aromatics since radiochemical by-product formation is minimized.
The demographics of ethnicity : implications for project support in Central Asia (1995)

The study on which this dissemination note is based points to the need for awareness of the sensitivities surrounding interethnic relations in the Central Asian countries in future World Bank operations in the region. Two main reasons account for this. First, the political identities of many peoples of Central Asia are more closely aligned to ethnic affiliation that to nation states. Second projects that will require the acquisition of land will need to be cognizant of historical claims and counterclaims based upon ethnic considerations. States boundaries have been changed periodically during the twentieth century, both to accommodate the political expediencies of the former USSR as well as to divide and rule the various ethnic groups. The newly independent countries of Central Asia - Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikisan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan - each include a number of different ethnic groups, in addition to more recent immigrants, such as Russians, Germans, and Ukrainians. The Bank needs to take a cautious approach to project initiation and development in sensitive areas, taking account of past disputes and current tensions; and second, the Bank needs to conduct rapid pre-project appraisals and social assessments related to ethnicity and build these into the identification, design, and development phases of projects supported in Central Asia.
Stromal-derived factor-1 promotes the growth, survival, and development of human bone marrow stromal stem cells (2005)

The maintenance of bone marrow stromal stem cells (BMSSCs) is tightly controlled by the local microenvironment and by autocrine regulatory factors secreted by BMSSCs. To identify such factors, a cDNA subtraction library was generated from purified BMSSCs, based on their high expression of the STRO-1 antigen. Stromal-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) was one differentially expressed gene highly expressed by purified BMSSCs prior to culture. In vitro, immature preosteogenic cells expressed greater levels of SDF-1 when compared with mature cell types representative of osteoblasts and osteocytes/bone lining cells. Furthermore, SDF-1 expression was rapidly down-regulated when BMSSCs were cultured under osteoinductive conditions. BMSSCs were also shown to express functional cell surface SDF-1 receptors (CXCR4). Transduced BMSSC lines, secreting high SDF-1 levels, displayed an enhanced ability to form ectopic bone in vivo, in comparison with control BMSSC lines. Moreover, high SDF-1-expressing BMSSCs displayed an increased capacity for cellular growth and protection against interleukin-4-induced apoptosis. Similarly, fibroblast colony-forming units (CFU-Fs) also displayed increased growth and resistance to alpha-interferon-2a-induced apoptosis, in synergy with platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB) and SDF-1 in vitro. These studies indicate that the chemokine, SDF-1, may play a role in the maintenance, survival, and osteogenic capacity of immature BMSSC populations.
Where's the "Party" in "Multi-Party"? Analyzing the Structure of Small-Group Sociable Talk (2006)

Spontaneous multi-party interaction - conversation among groups of three or more participants - is part of daily life. While automated modeling of such interactions has received increased attention in ubiquitous computing research, there is little applied research on the organization of this highly dynamic and spontaneous sociable interaction within small groups. We report here on an applied conversation analytic study of small-group sociable talk, emphasizing structural and temporal aspects that can inform computational models. In particular, we examine the mechanics of multiple simultaneous conversational floors - how participants initiate a new floor amidst an on-going floor, and how they subsequently show their affiliation with one floor over another. We also discuss the implications of these findings for the design of "smart" multi-party applications.
Critical Currents of&lt;tex&gt;$rm Nb_3rm Sn$&lt;/tex&gt;Wire Subject to Applied Transverse Stress (2005)

We investigated the influence of transverse stress on the critical current, I/sub c/. We tested a Nb/sub 3/Sn, wire fabricated thorough the powder-in-tube route, mainly at 16 K and 2 T. In the stress window of 0-42 MPa, a reversible relation was confirmed between I/sub c/ and the compressive stress, /spl sigma//sub t/. After a slight increase of I/sub c/ at very small /spl sigma/, I/sub c/ decreases with further increase of /spl sigma//sub t/. When we unloaded within this stress window, I/sub c/ recovered to its virgin loading curve. I/sub c/ is more sensitive on /spl sigma//sub t/ in this work than in the I/sub c/-/spl sigma//sub t/ relations reported so far. This can be attributed to the lower B/sub c2/ at 16 K (3.8 T by Kramer's extrapolation) and possibly a nonuniform stress distribution in the present work. /spl sigma//sub t/ greater than 49 MPa caused an irreversible I/sub c/ degradation due to a plastic deformation of the filaments.
Enhancement of Power System Small-Signal Stability by Coordinated Damping Control of Multiple FACTS Devices (2017)

In this paper, a Sequential Approach is described to design the supplementary damping controller of a ThyristorControlled Series Compensator (TCSC) and a Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) with a multi-model system to enhance power system small-signal stability under different operating conditions and with respect to various disturbance scenarios. Control objectives including regional pole placement and norm bounded mix sensitivities H2 and Hf are used to solve the Bilinear Matrix Inequalities (BMI) problem in each linearized model via a two-step method. Linear system performance of eigenanalysis and real-time simulations will be carried out to validate the effectiveness of the damping controllers. A test system of 68-bus 16-generator and 5-area (NYPS-NETS) is used as the platform for controller implementation.
In Situ Kinetic Studies of Rh(II)-Catalyzed Asymmetric Cyclopropanation with Low Catalyst Loadings (2019)

Dirhodium tetracarboxylates are versatile catalysts for the reactions of donor/acceptor carbenes. They catalyze a variety of transformations, including enantioselective intermolecular cyclopropanations. This study is focused on understanding the kinetics of the rhodium-catalyzed cyclopropanation, and this information was used to develop conditions for conducting the reactions with very low catalyst loadings. The enantioselective cyclopropanation of styrenes can be conducted with a catalyst loading of 0.001 mol % and still maintain high levels of enantioselectivity (86–99% ee). A triarylcyclopropanecarboxylate (TPCP) catalyst, Rh2(p-Ph-TPCP)4, was the optimum catalyst for maintaining high enantioselectivity with very low catalyst loading. The reaction also benefited from using dimethyl carbonate as the solvent, an environmentally benign and nontoxic material.
A Novel Self-Aligned Microcoil Formation for Magnetic Actuator Applications (2004)

A novel self-aligned lithographic technique has been developed to overcome difficulties in forming a high resolution, high aspect-ratio electroforming in polymer molds. This technique is capable of building a micro coil device with high-density, high aspect-ratio features, which is useful for magnetic actuator applications. The relatively straightforward technique has excellent potential for scaling to batch manufacturing.
Honeycomb-like PLGA-b-PEG Structure Creation with T-Junction Microdroplets (2018)

Amphiphilic block copolymers are widely used in science owing to their versatile properties. In this study, amphiphilic block copolymer poly(lactic- co-glycolic acid)- block-poly(ethylene glycol) (PLGA- b-PEG) was used to create microdroplets in a T-junction microfluidic device with a well-defined geometry. To compare interfacial characteristics of microdroplets, dichloromethane (DCM) and chloroform were used to prepare PLGA- b-PEG solution as an oil phase. In the T-junction device, water and oil phases were manipulated at variable flow rates from 50 to 300 μL/min by increments of 50 μL/min. Fabricated microdroplets were directly collected on a glass slide. After a drying period, porous two-dimensional and three-dimensional structures were obtained as honeycomb-like structure. Pore sizes were increased according to increased water/oil flow rate for both DCM and chloroform solutions. Also, it was shown that increasing polymer concentration decreased the pore size of honeycomb-like structures at a constant water/oil flow rate (50:50 μL/min). Additionally, PLGA- b-PEG nanoparticles were also obtained on the struts of honeycomb-like structures according to the water solubility, volatility, and viscosity properties of oil phases, by the aid of Marangoni flow. The resulting structures have a great potential to be used in biomedical applications, especially in drug delivery-related studies, with nanoparticle forming ability and cellular responses in different surface morphologies.
Extended Phase-Doppler Anemometry for Measurements in Three-Phase Flows (1998)

Multiphase flows occur in many applications in chemical industry, such as in mineral oil extraction, in aerated reactors, and in liquid phase reactions with a suspended solid catalyst. Optimization of such flows and the related reactors requires an in-depth understanding of the flow behaviour. An insight into the details of the flow can only be provided by a measuring technique which determines the quantities of the different phases separately. Extended phase-Doppler anemometry is such a technique.
Wavefront and AV Nodal Variability in Atypical Atrial Flutter (2005)

We set out to separate atypical from typical atrial flutter (AFL) by analyzing subtle variability in atrial wavefronts and AV nodal conduction from ECG and intracardiac analysis. In 42 patients undergoing AFL ablation (21 typical, 21 atypical), we filtered ECG atrial waveforms via sliding-correlation of F-wave templates to their ecgs over time. Waveforms were spatially variable if ECG loops in XY (V5/avf), YZ (avf/V1) and XZ (V5/V1) planes failed to exceed our validated threshold (>1.3). Compared to typical AFL, atypical AFL showed greater wavefront variability (21/21 vs 1/21 cases; p<0.001), greater CL standard deviation (6.98±7.02 ms vs 3.10±1.62 ms; p=0.023), AV conduction that was less likely to be an integer multiple of AFL cycle length (10/21 vs 19/21; p=0.003), and greater AH variability (155±79 vs 61±75 ms; p = 0.015) for a given atrial cycle length. typical AFL shows wider variations in AV conduction and AH interval than typical AFL, that likely reflects subtly greater wavefront variability. This may have implications for ablation and may help explain transitions to fibrillation.
7 A Multimodal Control System for Autonomous Vehicles Using Speech, Gesture, and Gaze Recognition (2020)

The development of autonomous vehicles has recently become the focus of much research. One area of investigation is the development of systems that will allow people to easily direct autonomous vehicles without any special technical skills or training. Human-machine interface technologies are likely to be used to achieve this objective. In this study, we propose an intuitive, multimodal interface system that uses speech, gesture, and gaze recognition to transmit user commands to the vehicle. We designed the multimodal understanding and dialog control components of the interface system separately, using finite-state transducers (FSTs), a technique which is also used to control conventional automated dialog systems. Our multimodal understanding and dialog control components can be thought of as a cascade of two separate transducers, but since cascading transducers can be combined into one transducer, our system is actually driven by a single FST. During trials, our proposed interface system allowed users to successfully direct and operate an autonomous vehicle using only speech, head movement, and gaze direction.
<title>Attenuated total reflection modulator based on surface plasmon excitation</title> (2001)

We investigate an attenuated total internal reflection (ATR) modulator, which can be fabricated by depositing an ultra-thin Au film, an electro-optic (EO) polymer film and an Au electrode on a prism. At a certain incidence angle, the incoming TM-polarized beam can excite a surface-plasmon wave (SPW) propagating at the metal-polymer interface. The intensity modulation of the reflected beam is possible because of the sensitivity of the coupling efficiency to the refractive index of the polymer. An alternative design uses a thin dielectric film between the prism and the Au film but gave no better results. The device potentially provides low fabrication cost and very high frequency operation, and the polymer losses are not a significant issue. A modulator structure was optimized with simulations to achieve maximum modulation depth. The optimal thicknesses were in the range of 30 to 35 nm and 1 micrometers for the Au and polymer films, respectively. Nevertheless, the achievable modulation depth is rather small even with polymers of high EO coefficient and the operation of the device is sensitive, especially, to the incidence angle as well as to the polymer thickness due to the coupling of two SPW modes.
Urinary aquaporin‐2 excretion during ibuprofen or indomethacin treatment in preterm infants with patent ductus arteriosus (2010)

There was no AQP2 upregulation in the infants. The low urinary osmolality and dissociation between urinary osmolality and urinary AQP2 level indicate that the fluid retention sometimes observed in PDA infants treated with prostaglandin inhibitors is not caused by increased levels of functional AQP2. Thus, knowledge about the renal physiology of the adult cannot always be transferred to the infant kidney.
Transient photoconductivity analysis using multiple trapping for rectangular and linear distributions of localized states (1999)

Abstract Transients related to photoconductivity, photodielectric and photoabsorption changes were simulated for a multiple-trapping model including monomolecular recombination using a linear and a rectangular distribution of localized states. These two distributions provide the same behaviour, which differs from that for the exponential distribution. The nature of the transients depends on the relative time constants in the process and can be categorized into regions of weak, intermediate and strong retrapping. The well known power-law behaviour is obtained only for a limited set of conditions, and it is shown that there is always an exponential tail that has a time constant that is related to the release time of the deepest trap.