gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tuning Optimization Algorithms Under Multiple Objective Function Evaluation Budgets (2014)

Most sensitivity analysis studies of optimization algorithm control parameters are restricted to a single objective function evaluation (OFE) budget. This restriction is problematic because the optimality of control parameter values (CPVs) is dependent not only on the problem's fitness landscape, but also on the OFE budget available to explore that landscape. Therefore, the OFE budget needs to be taken into consideration when performing control parameter tuning. This paper presents a new algorithm tuning multiobjective particle swarm optimization (tMOPSO) for tuning the CPVs of stochastic optimization algorithms under a range of OFE budget constraints. Specifically, for a given problem tMOPSO aims to determine multiple groups of CPVs, each of which results in optimal performance at a different OFE budget. To achieve this, the control parameter tuning problem is formulated as a multiobjective optimization problem. Additionally, tMOPSO uses a noise-handling strategy and CPV assessment procedure, which are specialized for tuning stochastic optimization algorithms. Conducted numerical experiments provide evidence that tMOPSO is effective at tuning under multiple OFE budget constraints.
Novel Composite Implants in Craniofacial Reconstruction (2009)

Introduction: Synthetic, osteoconductive, and antimicrobial bioactive glass (BAG) and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) have been used widely in various surgical applications. Recent biomaterial research has developed a novel composite material containing BAG, PMMA, and bioactive E-glass fibers. In this study, we evaluate clinical outcome of a new composite material in craniofacial reconstructions.
ChemInform Abstract: The Catalytic Asymmetric α‐Benzylation of Aldehydes. (2014)

Abstract For the first time aminocatalyzed α‐alkylation of α‐branched aldehydes with benzyl bromides is developed.
Noise, distortion, and transmission characteristics of an M-BWO (1969)

Performance measurements have been made on an experimental FM transmitter using M-BWO. The attractive features of this oscillator are variable power control, high efficiency, wideband modulation capability and light weight. The lack of published data describing the performance of the M-BWO in terms of spectral noise distribution, spurious signals, two-tone third-order distortion, noise power ratio, instantaneous bandwidth and wide bandwidth transmission capabilities has resulted in this investigation. Performance data were obtained with an M-BWO transmitter possessing a residual FM of less than 50 KC. Spurious signals present were found to be greater than --40 db for output powers of 50 watts. Two-tone third-order distortion values varied from 1 to 2% (-37 to --40 db) and noise power ratios measured from --20 to --28 db for an rms frequency deviation of 30 MHz.
N-truncated amyloid β (Aβ) 4-42 forms stable aggregates and induces acute and long-lasting behavioral deficits (2013)

N-truncated Aβ4-42 is highly abundant in Alzheimer disease (AD) brain and was the first Aβ peptide discovered in AD plaques. However, a possible role in AD aetiology has largely been neglected. In the present report, we demonstrate that Aβ4-42 rapidly forms aggregates possessing a high aggregation propensity in terms of monomer consumption and oligomer formation. Short-term treatment of primary cortical neurons indicated that Aβ4-42 is as toxic as pyroglutamate Aβ3-42 and Aβ1-42. In line with these findings, treatment of wildtype mice using intraventricular Aβ injection induced significant working memory deficits with Aβ4-42, pyroglutamate Aβ3-42 and Aβ1-42. Transgenic mice expressing Aβ4-42 (Tg4-42 transgenic line) developed a massive CA1 pyramidal neuron loss in the hippocampus. The hippocampus-specific expression of Aβ4-42 correlates well with age-dependent spatial reference memory deficits assessed by the Morris water maze test. Our findings indicate that N-truncated Aβ4-42 triggers acute and long-lasting behavioral deficits comparable to AD typical memory dysfunction.
Phycobiliprotein fusion proteins: versatile intensely fluorescent constructs (2004)

Since 1982, phycobiliproteins have served as fluorescent labels in a wide variety of cell and molecule analyses. The exceptional spectroscopic properties of these labels include very high absorbance coefficients and quantum yields, and large Stokes shifts. The spectroscopic diversity of these reagents is restricted to a subset of naturally occurring phycobiliproteins with stable assembly states in vitro, whose target specificity is generated by chemical conjugation to proteins or small molecules. The latter step generates heterogeneity. These limitations have been overcome by expressing various recombinant phycobiliprotein constructs in the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC7120. Modular recombinant phycobiliprotein-based labels were constructed with some or all of the following features (a) an affinity purification tag; (b) a stable oligomerization domain (to maintain stable higher order assemblies of the phycobiliprotein monomers at very low protein concentration); (c) a biospecific recognition domain. Such phycobiliprotein constructs are readily purified from crude cell extracts by affinity chromatography and used directly as fluorescent labels. To generate constructs for intracellular in vivo labeling, the entire pathways for the biosynthesis of the His-tagged holo- &#945; (phycocyanobilin-bearing) subunit of phycocyanin (emission max. 641 nm) and of the His-tagged holo-&#945; (phycobiliviolin-bearing) subunit of phycoerythrocyanin (emission max. 582 nm) were reconstituted in Escherichia coli.
Analysis of the Anteroposterior Corneal Optical Power Ratio Using OCT (2022)

The assumption of a constant value of the AP ratio according to the selected schematic models of the eye is statistically significantly different from the actual measured values and was defined to have only a negative weak correlation with the size of the limbus diameter. Using the resulting average value of the determined AP ratio (1.17 ±0.02), a lower difference between real and calculated total corneal optical power was achieved.
The N-Terminus of the HIV-1 p6 Gag Protein Regulates Susceptibility to Degradation by IDE (2018)

As part of the Pr55<sup>Gag</sup> polyprotein, p6 fulfills an essential role in the late steps of the replication cycle. However, almost nothing is known about the functions of the mature HIV-1 p6 protein. Recently, we showed that p6 is a bona fide substrate of the insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE), a ubiquitously expressed zinc metalloprotease. This phenomenon appears to be specific for HIV-1, since p6 homologs of HIV-2, SIV and EIAV were IDE-insensitive. Furthermore, abrogation of the IDE-mediated degradation of p6 reduces the replication capacity of HIV-1 in an Env-dependent manner. However, it remained unclear to which extent the IDE mediated degradation is phylogenetically conserved among HIV-1. Here, we describe two HIV-1 isolates with IDE resistant p6 proteins. Sequence comparison allowed deducing one single amino acid regulating IDE sensitivity of p6. Exchanging the N-terminal leucine residue of p6 derived from the IDE sensitive isolate HIV-1<sub>NL4-3</sub> with proline enhances its stability, while replacing Pro-1 of p6 from the IDE insensitive isolate SG3 with leucine restores susceptibility towards IDE. Phylogenetic analyses of this natural polymorphism revealed that the N-terminal leucine is characteristic for p6 derived from HIV-1 group M except for subtype A, which predominantly expresses p6 with an N-terminal proline. Consequently, p6 peptides derived from subtype A are not degraded by IDE. Thus, IDE mediated degradation of p6 is specific for HIV-1 group M isolates and not occasionally distributed among HIV-1.
Ultra-Wideband Temperature Dependent Dielectric Spectroscopy of Porcine Muscle in the Microwave Frequency Range (2019)

The knowledge of dielectric properties of tissue is a crucial factor to develop new systems for medical applications. In the field of thermotherapy (e.g. hyperthermia) the frequency and temperature dependency of these properties are of high importance. To this end, we investigate the dielectric properties of porcine muscle in the temperature range between 30 ◦C and 50 ◦C from 0.5 GHz to 7 GHz. Based on these data we determine temperature coefficients of the relative permittivity and effective conductivity. In both cases, the results show a weak temperature dependency and a change of sign of the temperature coefficients in the specified frequency range.
Does body posture affect the incidence and mechanism of gastro-oesophageal reflux? (1991)

We studied eight patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease to compare the frequency and mechanism of reflux in the upright and supine positions. Simultaneous oesophageal manometry and pH studies were performed on two separate days in each subject in the fasting and postprandial periods. The frequency of reflux tended to be higher in the upright position. The most prevalent mechanism of reflux in either position was transient relaxation of the lower oesophageal sphincter. The frequency of transient lower oesophageal sphincter relaxation was higher in the upright than in the supine position. There was no difference in the total reflux time, acid clearance time, and number of reflux episodes lasting longer than five minutes in the two positions. We suggest that daytime reflux (upright) may be as important as night time (supine) reflux in the pathogenesis of reflux oesophagitis and needs to be considered when treating patients with reflux disease.
Managing Railway Fixed Plant (1995)

Engineers have experienced difficulty in applying standard project/construction management techniques (e.g., critical path method) to the reconstruction and maintenance of an operating railway. These problems are most acute with respect to work performed by company forces; however, they are encountered in contract construction, design, and developmental projects. Often this experience has led to the conclusion that standard methods are, in fact, inappropriate to the environment of an operating railway. The writers believe this conclusion to be erroneous. The problem lies in the misjudging of, or the inability to, define the problem. This in turn results in the improper application of a management method or in the application of an inappropriate method. The formation of commuter and regional rail agencies, which have a large public-funding basis and have initiated large rehabilitation projects, has sparked a renewed interest in utilizing the appropriate analytical techniques in managing railway engineering efforts. In this paper the primary railway engineering operations are reviewed and a formal categorization is made using a “project management matrix.” This matrix provides a formalism for “problem definition” that will assist engineers in selecting the proper analytical management techniques. Railway construction and design management operations are discussed but not analyzed, since they accommodate the traditional management techniques such as CPM and PERT, which are well covered elsewhere. Two particular operations (maintenance and production) that are not covered in other literature are discussed and evaluated on our management matrix.
Kinetics of the Preparation of Chlorine Dioxide by Sodium Chlorite and Hydrochloric Acid at Low Concentration (2015)

The kinetics of the reaction between sodium chlorite and hydrochloric acid is studied at various temperatures and molar concentrations of chlorite and acid at low concentrations. The reaction rate law is established, and macrokinetics formula is obtained. Reaction has been found 1 and 1.39 order with respect to chlorite and hydrochloric acid respectively when preparing chloride dioxide using low concentrations of sodium chlorite and hydrochloric acid. The temperature dependence of the reaction is also investigated and pre-exponential Arrhenius parameter as well as activation energy are determined.
Scurvy (1984)

• A 9-year-old girl had the insidious development of lethargy, gingival erosions, and follicular hyperkeratosis with perifollicular hemorrhage. A dietary history disclosed that she consumed only one kind of sandwich and beverage and took no other foods. A skin biopsy specimen was consistent with the diagnosis of scurvy, and marked improvement occurred with ascorbic acid therapy. Although it is an uncommon disorder in the United States, scurvy may occur in persons with prolonged and peculiar dietary habits. (<i>Arch Dermatol</i>1984;120:1212-1214)
Physician Burnout (2011)

Discussions of barriers to successful implementation of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act have largely focused on legislative, logistic, and legal hurdles. Notably absent from these discussions is how the health care reform measures may affect the emotional health of physicians.
Revisiting the Dutch hypothesis (2015)

The Dutch hypothesis was first articulated in 1961, when many novel and advanced scientific techniques were not available, such as genomics techniques for pinpointing genes, gene expression, lipid and protein profiles, and the microbiome. In addition, computed tomographic scans and advanced analysis techniques to dissect (small) airways disease and emphysema were not available. At that time, the group of researchers under the visionary guidance of Professor N. G. M. Orie put forward that both genetic and environmental factors can determine whether one would have airway obstructive diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Moreover, they stipulated that the phenotype of obstructive airway disease could be affected by sex and changes with aging. Orie and colleagues' call to carefully phenotype patients with obstructive airways diseases has been adopted by many current researchers in an attempt to determine the heterogeneity of both asthma and COPD to better define these diseases and optimize their treatment. The founders of the Dutch hypothesis were far ahead of their time, and we can learn from their insights. We should fully characterize all patients in our clinical practice and not just state that they have asthma, COPD, or asthma and COPD overlap syndrome. This detailed phenotyping can help in understanding these obstructive airway diseases and provide guidance for disease management.
Using Semantic Roles to Improve Question Answering (2007)

In order to improve the safety of blood transfusion, it is necessary to make a broader examination of quality and risk throughout the transfusion process, from the pre-donation stage to the outcome of recipients. The need for a haemovigilance system as an additional safety mechanism for blood transfusion is pointed out.
Endothelial PAS domain-containing protein 1 confers TKI-resistance by mediating EGFR and MET pathways in non-small cell lung cancer cells (2015)

Mutations in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) rendering it constitutively active is one of the major causes for metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and EGFR-targeted therapies utilizing tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are often used clinically as the first-line treatment. But approximately half of NSCLC patients develop resistance to these therapies, where the MET proto-oncogene is amplified by EGFR through the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α. Here we report that endothelial PAS domain-containing protein 1 (EPAS1), with 48% sequence identity to HIF-1α, specifically binds to TKI-resistant T790M EGFR, but not to wild-type EGFR, in NSCLC cell lines. Expression of EPAS1 enhances amplification of MET when simultaneously expressed with T790M EGFR but not with wild-type EGFR, and this enhancement is independent of ligand binding domain of EGFR. MET amplification requires EPAS1, since EPAS1 knock-down reduced MET levels. When NSCLC cells expressing T790M EGFR were treated with TKIs, reduced EPAS1 levels significantly enhanced the drug effect, whereas over-expression of EPAS1 increased the drug resistant effect. This EPAS1-dependent TKI-resistance was abolished by knocking-down MET, suggesting that EPAS1 does not cause TKI-resistance itself but functions to bridge EGFR and MET interactions. Our findings suggest that EPAS1 is a key factor in the EGFR-MET crosstalk in conferring TKI-resistance in NSCLC cases, and could be used as a potential therapeutic target in TKI-resistant NSCLC patients.
ChemInform Abstract: WITTIG‐UMLAGERUNG EINIGER ALLYLAETHER (1970)

Abstract Die Einführung von Lithium in die beiden Allyläther (I) und (V) und die nachfolgende Hydrolyse führen über die Lithiumverbindungen (II) und (VI) und dann über einen gemeinsamen, diskutierten Zwischenzustand zu Gemischen aus den Umlagerungsprodukten (III) und (IV).
Structural and Functional Analysis of Slit and Heparin Binding to Immunoglobulin-like Domains 1 and 2 of Drosophila Robo (2008)

Recognition of the secreted protein Slit by transmembrane receptors of the Robo family provides important signals in the development of the nervous system and other organs, as well as in tumor metastasis and angiogenesis. Heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans serve as essential co-receptors in Slit-Robo signaling. Previous studies have shown that the second leucinerich repeat domain of Slit, D2, binds to the N-terminal immunoglobulin-like domains of Robo, IG1-2. Here we present two crystal structures of Drosophila Robo IG1-2, one of which contains a bound heparin-derived oligosaccharide. Using structure-based mutagenesis of a Robo IG1-5 construct we identified key Slit binding residues (Thr-74, Phe-114, Arg-117) forming a conserved patch on the surface of IG1; mutation of similarly conserved residues in IG2 had no effect on Slit binding. Mutation of conserved basic residues in IG1 (Lys-69, Arg-117, Lys-122, Lys-123), but not in IG2, reduced binding of Robo IG1-5 to heparin, in full agreement with the Robo-heparin co-crystal structure. Our collective results, together with a recent crystal structure of a minimal human Slit-Robo complex ( Morlot, C., Thielens, N. M., Ravelli, R. B., Hemrika, W., Romijn, R. A., Gros, P., Cusack, S., and McCarthy, A. A. (2007) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104, 14923-14928 ), reveal a contiguous HS/heparin binding surface extending across the Slit-Robo interface. Based on the size of this composite binding site, we predict that at least five HS disaccharide units are required to support Slit-Robo signaling.
CONCERNING THE USE OF ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE (2016)

Several analyses of variance were performed on various sets of these data. In every case the data failed to meet one or more of the assumptions. One of the most common methods for handling data violating these assumptions is the use of transformations, the usual purpose of which is to change the scale of measurement in such a way as to make the analysis more valid.4 Logarithmic transformations appear to be particularly useful in the case of latency data because they tend to correct for the positive skewness which is characteristic of distributions of latency scores. Four sets of data were selected for the present discussion. Table I identifies these sets and presents for the raw and transformed data the F-ratios and the values of L and tau together with the significance levels of these statistics. L is a measure of homogeneity of variance: when the variances are exactly equal, L equals 1.00; as they become more heterogeneous, L decreases in value.5 Plots of the variances against the means for each set of raw data reveal a strong tendency toward proportionality; the value of tau is a measure of the intensity of this relationship. The rank order correlation coefficient tau is very useful for this purpose when the number of 'C. Eisenhart, The assumptions underlying the analysis of variance, Biometrics,
A novel classification of the vascular patterns of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy and its relation to clinical outcomes (2014)

The PCV subtype seen on initial presentation affects the long-term visual outcomes over a 5-year period.
Spiritual Care in NHSScotland (2003)

‘Spiritual Care in NHSScotland’ emphasises spiritual care as broader than religious care, and makes clear the importance of well resourced spiritual and religious care within healthcare. In response, chaplaincy must become more accountable and professional. There are implications for ongoing training and registration of chaplains, and this may well create difficulties for part time and volunteer chaplains, as well as for church authorities. However, the Guidelines are to be welcomed as a means to improving practice in healthcare settings.
Early hepatocellular carcinoma as a signaling lesion for subsequent malignancy (2016)

Treatment of early hepatocellular carcinoma cannot provide complete cure due to the substantial risk of developing classical hepatocellular carcinoma.
Introduction: Myth In History, History In Myth (2009)

Myth is defined as narrative tradition of people concerning its religion and world-view, story about men and gods and as baseless story, fable. Historical is defined as a groundless representation of person, thing, or case. The history of the Low Countries provides an auspicious canvas for examining the role of myth and myth making. The Greek term mythos means story and myths were the stories that they told to make sense of their own existence and wider world around them. Myths can adapt and mutate as the needs of their audiences change. Myths have their own history. Care has to be taken not to make the assumption that the history is either inevitable or teleological. Willem Frijhoff coins the term 'emblematic myths' to describe mythologies embraced by Dutch colonists in the Americas. The relationship between history and myth is indeed complex. Keywords: Dutch; history; Low Countries; myth; Willem Frijhoff
New Strategies in Organic Catalysis:  The First Enantioselective Organocatalytic Friedel−Crafts Alkylation (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTNew Strategies in Organic Catalysis: The First Enantioselective Organocatalytic Friedel−Crafts AlkylationNick A. Paras and David W. C. MacMillanView Author Information Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California 91125 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 18, 4370–4371Publication Date (Web):April 13, 2001Publication History Received23 February 2001Published online13 April 2001Published inissue 1 May 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja015717ghttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja015717grapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views13378Altmetric-Citations527LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Aldehydes,Catalysts,Post-translational modification,Pyrroles Get e-Alerts