gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hard x-ray nano-focusing at 40nm level using K-B mirror optics for nanoscopy/spectroscopy (2005)

X-ray focusing techniques using Kirkpatrick and Baez mirrors are promising due to their capability of highly efficient and energy-tunable focusing. We have been developing a hard-X-ray focusing system using K-B mirrors for an X-ray microscope. Here, we report the development of a mirror manipulator and focusing tests using the manipulator. Mirror alignment tolerances were estimated using two types of simulators: a ray-trace simulator and a wave-optical simulator. On the basis of the simulation results, the mirror manipulator was developed achieving optimum K-B mirrors setup. The focal size was achieved to be 48 x 36nm<sup>2</sup> (V x H) in FWHM at 1km long beamline of SPring-8. The obtained spatial resolution test results indicate that a scanning microscope with the focused beam can resolve the line-and-space patterns of 80nm line width in a high visibility of 60%.
Facile Synthesis of Aza-Baylis-Hillman Adducts of Cycloalkenones: FeCl3-Mediated Direct Amination of Baylis-Hillman Alcohols (2008)

The Baylis-Hillman adducts of cycloalkenones have been used widely in organic synthesis.1 The synthesis of Baylis-Hillman adducts from the reaction of cycloalkenones and aldehydes has been carried out with a variety of catalyst system2 including the use of TMPDA2a or DMAP.2b How ever, the synthesis of aza-Baylis-Hillman adducts of cycloalkenones was not reported much.3 Direct synthesis of aza-Baylis-Hillman adducts from the reaction of cycloalkene ones and N-tosylimines was examined by using DMAP3a,b or N-heterocyclic carbene catalyst very recently.3d However, the methods suffer from low yields of products3a,b and the use of special catalyst.3d In addition, these direct methods require the preparation of N-tosylimines, which could be hydrolyzed to some extent into the corresponding aldehydes and tosylamide during the separation of N-tosylimine and during the next Baylis-Hillman reaction, and this makes the separation of product tedious and lowers the yield.
Redox-Active Molecular Wires Derived from Dinuclear Ferrocenyl/Ruthenium(II) Alkynyl Complexes: Covalent Attachment to Hydrogen-Terminated Silicon Surfaces (2014)

After their brief characterization, a voltammetric study of the Fe(II)/Ru(II) heterobinuclear organometallic complexes [Fe]C≡C-1,4-(C6H4)C≡C[Ru]C≡C-1,4-(C6H4)C≡CH (2), FcC≡C[Ru]C≡C-1,4-(C6H4)C≡CH (3), and PhC≡C[Ru]C≡C-1,1′-Fc(C≡CH) (4) ([Fe] = Fe(κ2-dppe)(η5-C5Me5), [Ru] = trans-Ru(κ2-dppe)2; Fc = ferrocenyl; dppe =1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane) is reported in solution. These complexes which possess pendant ethynyl groups have then been grafted onto hydrogenated silicon surfaces using a mild photochemical protocol, to yield redox-active functional interfaces (Si-2/Si-3/Si-4) that were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and cyclic voltammetry. The resulting interfaces Si-2, Si-3, and Si-4 possess surface coverages and electrochemical responses that differ significantly and that depend on the nature of the grafted molecule. While the coverages calculated for the more rigid of these systems (Si-2 and Si-3) are similar (around 10–10 mol cm–2), the significantly lower coverage achieved for Si-4 (4.3 × 10–11 mol cm–2) can be ascribed to the presence of a flexible linker between the redox sites in 4. The two grafted redox centers can be electrochemically addressed in a stepwise fashion, the species exhibiting apparent charge transfer rate constants with the Si surface that are considerably higher than those reported for many related systems (>200 s–1). Comparison between Si-2 and Si-3 reveals that the use of the ferrocenyl group instead of a “Fe(κ2-dppe)(η5-C5Me5)” moiety improves the kinetic stability of the first oxidized state and its apparent charge transfer rate constant, while also increasing the first oxidation potential. However, an enhanced fragility is observed for Si-3 and even more so for Si-4 at higher oxidation potentials; this may be related to the larger spin density present on the ferrocenyl terminus of the grafted dications 32+ and 42+, as evidenced by molecular modeling calculations. Several ways to solve this important issue are discussed in the conclusion.
Celiac Disease and Chronic Infectious Enteritis (2007)

Purpose: Gliadins are polypeptides found in wheat, rye, oats, barley, and other grains and glutens. They are toxic to the intestinal mucos in suseptable individuals. The purpose of this report is to demonstrate the presence of salivary antibodies to gliadin (GliadinAb, SIgA) in patients with chronic infectious enteritis. Methods: Two hundred thirty four (234) patients (ave. age 33 yrs., M/F 102:132) found to have infectious enteritis with one or more pathogens (Blastocystis hominis, Giardia lamblia, Cryptosporidium parvum, Amoeba histolytica, Helicobacter pylori) were simultaneously tested for GliadinAbSIgA (Diagnos-Techs, Inc.). Results: The mean GliadinAbSIgA in the 234 cases of chronic infectious enteritis was >20 U/ml. (normal < 13 U/ml., borderline 13–15 U/ml., positive >15 U/ml.). Conclusion: Patients with chronic infectious enteritis have elevated levels of GliadinAbSIgA. This suggests these individuals are rendered suseptable to Celiac Disease on this basis; a cause and effect relationship. Further studies to determine the effect of successful treatment of chronic infectious enteritis on production of GliadinAbSIgA are warrented.
Marine seismic streamer employing variable aperture flow through spacers (1989)

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Dynamical structure function identifiability conditions enabling signal structure reconstruction (2012)

Networks of controlled dynamical systems exhibit a variety of interconnection patterns that could be interpreted as the structure of the system. One such interpretation of system structure is a system's signal structure, characterized as the open-loop causal dependencies among manifest variables and represented by its dynamical structure function. Although this notion of structure is among the weakest available, previous work has shown that if no a priori structural information is known about the system, not even the Boolean structure of the dynamical structure function is identifiable. Consequently, one method previously suggested for obtaining the necessary a priori structural information is to leverage knowledge about target specificity of the controlled inputs. This work extends these results to demonstrate precisely the a priori structural information that is both necessary and sufficient to reconstruct the network from input-output data. This extension is important because it significantly broadens the applicability of the identifiability conditions, enabling the design of network reconstruction experiments that were previously impossible due to practical constraints on the types of actuation mechanisms available to the engineer or scientist. The work is motivated by the proteomics problem of reconstructing the Per-Arnt-Sim Kinase pathway used in the metabolism of sugars.
Improved brain pattern recovery through ranking approaches (2012)

Inferring the functional specificity of brain regions from functional Magnetic Resonance Images (fMRI) data is a challenging statistical problem. While the General Linear Model (GLM) remains the standard approach for brain mapping, supervised learning techniques (a.k.a.} decoding) have proven to be useful to capture multivariate statistical effects distributed across voxels and brain regions. Up to now, much effort has been made to improve decoding by incorporating prior knowledge in the form of a particular regularization term. In this paper we demonstrate that further improvement can be made by accounting for non-linearities using a ranking approach rather than the commonly used least-square regression. Through simulation, we compare the recovery properties of our approach to linear models commonly used in fMRI based decoding. We demonstrate the superiority of ranking with a real fMRI dataset.
Bioceramics : proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Ceramics in Medicine : Ponte Vedra, Florida, USA, November 1995 (1995)

Part 1 Bone biology: bone and its repair, J. Hollinger and B. McAllister bone cell responses to artificially produced surface apatite layers, J.D. de Bruijn et al bone induction on the surface of hydroxyapatite ceramics, H. Ohgushi et al. Part 2 Spinal reconstruction: biomechanics of the spine - a materials perspective, V.K. Goel. Part 3 Orthopaedic applications: comparative bone formation several kinds of bioceramic granules, H. Oonishi et al evaluation of the effect of stress corrosion on zirconia femoral heads, M.G.S. Murray et al structural characterization of natural and synthetic bioceramics by photo acoustic - FTR spectroscopy, I. Rehman and W. Bonfield active brazing for biomedical applications, E. Lugscheider et al. Part 4 ENT and maxillofacial: interactions between the frontal sinusitis-associated pathogen glass S53P4, P. Stoor et al the importance of adhesion through biological glass to the acoustic membrane of TOR prostheses, P. Laudadio et al. Part 5 Dental applications: bioceramics dentistry, K. de Groot and J.G.C. Wolke glass ceramics for dental restorations, W. Holand et al. Part 6 Calcium phosphate coatings: structural changes induced during thermal spraying of hydroxyapatite, a comparison of three different spraying methods, J.C. Knowles et al characterization of hydroxyapatite precipitated from different reactants, N. Asaoka et al artificial trachea made of polymers coated with hydroxyapatite, Kazuya Suzuki et al. Part 7 New directions: microfracture and acoustic emission pyrolytic carbon heart valve material, J. Lankford et al. Part 8 Composites: analysis of surface structures on bioglassR/polythylene composites in vitro, J. Huang et al rapid bone formation by grafting cultured bone porous hydroxyapatite, T. Yoshikawa et al a hydroxyapatite-polymer composite prepared by mimicking bone mineralization, P.J. Li et al preparation of calcium phosphate bioceramics by moulding and sintering, E. Mejdoubi et al. Part 9 Bioactive glasses: the evaluation of surface structure of bioactive glasses in vitro, D.C. Greenspan et al glass for radiotherapy of cancer prepared by phosphorous ion implantation, M. Kawashita et al.
Practical application of wedding ring in agent-based demographic simulation (2017)

The applicability of Wedding Ring model to an agent-based demographic module is investigated. As interpretation of social simulation results requires in-depth understanding of phenomena from various angles in the spatio-temporal dimension, the agent-based modeling (ABM) approach in demographic and social studies gets popular. To provide with quantitative information about chronological dynamics, computational cost and influential networks for the implemented model, we first introduce the Wedding Ring model which captures empirical marriage patterns based on a micro-level hypothesis and its outputs which are directly affected by social interactions. Then, the key observations are examined at different points in time, population size, and distribution of social networks to check its desirability for representational details of ABMs. In conclusion, the presented model could be extended into a large-scale social laboratory with acceptable predictability and computation load to allow for investigating non-numerical characteristics while supporting traditional approaches in a complementary rather than competitive way.
THE FRIEDEL AND CRAFTS REACTION WITH 8-HYDROXYQUINOLINE (1930)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE FRIEDEL AND CRAFTS REACTION WITH 8-HYDROXYQUINOLINEKonomu MatsumuraCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1930, 52, 11, 4433–4436Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1930Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1930https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01374a037https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01374a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views362Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
At the Border of Acoustics and Linguistics: Bag-of-Audio-Words for the Recognition of Emotions in Speech (2016)

Recognition of natural emotion in speech is a challenging task.Different methods have been proposed to tackle this complex task, such as acoustic feature brute-forcing or even endto-end learning.Recently, bag-of-audio-words (BoAW) representations of acoustic low-level descriptors (LLDs) have been employed successfully in the domain of acoustic event classification and other audio recognition tasks.In this approach, feature vectors of acoustic LLDs are quantised according to a learnt codebook of audio words.Then, a histogram of the occurring 'words' is built.Despite their massive potential, BoAW have not been thoroughly studied in emotion recognition.Here, we propose a method using BoAW created only of mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs).Support vector regression is then used to predict emotion continuously in time and value, such as in the dimensions arousal and valence.We compare this approach with the computation of functionals based on the MFCCs and perform extensive evaluations on the RECOLA database, which features spontaneous and natural emotions.Results show that, BoAW representation of MFCCs does not only perform significantly better than functionals, but also outperforms by far most of recently published deep learning approaches, including convolutional and recurrent networks.
A Framework for Detecting Glaucomatous Progression in the Optic Nerve Head of an Eye Using Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (2009)

Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide. Often, the optic nerve head (ONH) glaucomatous damage and ONH changes occur prior to visual field loss and are observable in vivo. Thus, digital image analysis is a promising choice for detecting the onset and/or progression of glaucoma. In this paper, we present a new framework for detecting glaucomatous changes in the ONH of an eye using the method of proper orthogonal decomposition (POD). A baseline topograph subspace was constructed for each eye to describe the structure of the ONH of the eye at a reference/baseline condition using POD. Any glaucomatous changes in the ONH of the eye present during a follow-up exam were estimated by comparing the follow-up ONH topography with its baseline topograph subspace representation. Image correspondence measures of L1-norm and L2 -norm, correlation, and image Euclidean distance (IMED) were used to quantify the ONH changes. An ONH topographic library built from the Louisiana State University Experimental Glaucoma study was used to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) was used to compare the diagnostic performance of the POD-induced parameters with the parameters of the topographic change analysis (TCA) method. The IMED and L2-norm parameters in the POD framework provided the highest AUC of 0.94 at 10 degrees field of imaging and 0.91 at 15 degrees field of imaging compared to the TCA parameters with an AUC of 0.86 and 0.88, respectively. The proposed POD framework captures the instrument measurement variability and inherent structure variability and shows promise for improving our ability to detect glaucomatous change over time in glaucoma management.
Efficient Bis-C-Aminoglycosylation toward the Synthesis of the Pluramycins (2010)

Two bis-C-aminoglycosyl arenes containing the angolosamine and the vancosamine moieties, which are potentially useful as the D-ring fragments of the pluramycin-type antibiotics, were efficiently synthesized by the O→C-glycoside rearrangement based strategy.
A method of quantitative phase analysis without standards (1977)

It is shown that to determine the quantitative phase composition of n samples each of which contains n phases it is sufficient to obtain a set of n2 intensities values of analytical lines, Iij, where 1 i n is the phase number in a sample of number 1 j n. It is supposed that in every sample the complete phase composition is determined. To calculate concentrations in one sample a system of consisting of n linears equations was obtained: where s is the number of the sample, the mass absorption coefficient of the phase to be determined, x_is the weight fraction of the ith phase in the analysed sample. This system is modified if there are additional data on the samples, e.g. values of mass absorption coefficients. The use of this method excludes measurement of analytical line intensity in the pure phase or mixture of pure phases. Experimental verification of the method with two- and three-phase artificial mixtures gave satisfactory results. The necessary conditions for the application of this method are essential differences in the quantitative phase composition of the samples analysed.
Microalbuminuria in a population-based study of diabetes. (1992)

The prevalence of microalbuminuria in younger-onset diabetic participants in a large population-based study of diabetic retinopathy was determined, and the relationships of microalbuminuria to blood pressure and other risk factors were investigated. Using an agglutination inhibition test (AlbuScreen), the frequency of microalbuminuria was 21.2%. To evaluate the association of several characteristics with the presence of microalbuminuria, multivariate models based on logistic regression were developed. Microalbuminuria was associated with having higher systolic or diastolic blood pressure and higher glycosylated hemoglobin. These findings give further impetus to efforts to reduce controllable risk factors in younger-onset diabetic persons.
How to make the most of a visit from a pharmaceutical company representative (2000)

SYNOPSIS Representatives of pharmaceutical companies visit health professionals principally to promote the prescription of their products. While the visit aims to change the prescriber’s behaviour, it is also an opportunity for the health professional to obtain important information. Modern representatives are well trained and should be able to answer questions about a drug’s efficacy, safety, utility and cost. However practitioners should be aware that the purpose of the visit is to alter their prescribing and there is the potential that the information they receive will be biased in favour of the product. Most representatives follow a code of conduct drawn up by the Australian Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association. Complaints can be made to this association if the representative promotes a product inappropriately.
State dependence of climatic instability over the past 720,000 years from Antarctic ice cores and climate modeling (2017)

Climatic variabilities on millennial and longer time scales with a bipolar seesaw pattern have been documented in paleoclimatic records, but their frequencies, relationships with mean climatic state, and mechanisms remain unclear. Understanding the processes and sensitivities that underlie these changes will underpin better understanding of the climate system and projections of its future change. We investigate the long-term characteristics of climatic variability using a new ice-core record from Dome Fuji, East Antarctica, combined with an existing long record from the Dome C ice core. Antarctic warming events over the past 720,000 years are most frequent when the Antarctic temperature is slightly below average on orbital time scales, equivalent to an intermediate climate during glacial periods, whereas interglacial and fully glaciated climates are unfavourable for a millennial-scale bipolar seesaw. Numerical experiments using a fully coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model with freshwater hosing in the northern North Atlantic showed that climate becomes most unstable in intermediate glacial conditions associated with large changes in sea ice and the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. Model sensitivity experiments suggest that the prerequisite for the most frequent climate instability with bipolar seesaw pattern during the late Pleistocene era is associated with reduced atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> concentration via global cooling and sea ice formation in the North Atlantic, in addition to extended Northern Hemisphere ice sheets.
Highly Linear Receiver Front-End Adopting MOSFET Transconductance Linearization by Multiple Gated Transistors (2004)

Highly linear receiver RF front-end adopting MOSFET transconductance linearization by linearly superposing several common-source FET transistors in parallel (multiple gated transistor, or MGTR), combined with some additional circuit techniques are reported. In MGTR circuitry, linearity is improved by using transconductance linearization which can be achieved by canceling the negative peak value of g/sub m/'' of the main transistor with the positive one in the auxiliary transistor having a different size and gate drive combined in parallel. This enhancement, however, is limited by the distortion originated from the combined influence of g/sub m/' and harmonic feedback, which can greatly be reduced by the cascoding MGTR output for the amplifier and by the tuned load for the mixer. Experimental results designed using the above techniques show IIP/sub 3/ improvements at given power consumption by as much as 10 dB for CMOS low-noise amplifier at 900 MHz and 7 dB for Gilbert cell mixer at 2.4 GHz without sacrificing other features such as gain and noise figure.
Effect of Lattice Dynamics on Intramolecular Electron-Transfer Rates in Mixed-Valence Complexes (1985)

It is shown that the rates of intramolecular electron transfer for mixed-valence complexes in the solid state are not determined only by the electronic and vibronic coupling in the molecular complex. Lattice dynamics associated with the motion of ligands, solvate and counterions, which sometimes are manifested as phase transitions, frequently influence the electron-transfer rate.
Prenatal diagnosis of 17q12 deletion syndrome: from fetal hyperechogenic kidneys to high risk for autism (2016)

We report a strikingly high correlation between prenatal hyperechogenic kidneys, 17q12 microdeletion, and autism spectrum disorder with the advantage of optimal prenatal counseling as well as early diagnosis and intervention. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.