gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A case for faster mobile web in cellular IPv6 networks (2016)

The transition to IPv6 cellular networks creates uncertainty for content providers (CPs) and content delivery networks (CDNs) of whether and how to follow suit. Do CPs that update their CDN contracts to allow IPv6 hosting achieve better, or worse performance in mobile networks? Should CDNs continue to host mobile content over IPv4 networks, or persuade to their CP customers the performance benefits of IPv6 content delivery?
Electromagnetic propagation modeling in office environment (2013)

Wireless propagation modeling is more and more needed for optimal indoor coverage in complex environment (such as offices, classrooms, etc.). Thus the need to predict electromagnetic propagation efficiently and accurately in the presence of obstacles, allowing engineers to planning efficiently the communicating devices. This paper will present a rigorous electromagnetic indoor propagation modeling based on the FDTD (3D) method taking into account the presence of various obstacles. A comparison between numerical results obtained by FDTD code and Ray Tracing software will be presented and compared with measurement results. Computational performance efficiency of these methods will also be discussed.
Integrated multistandard modulator with PLL tuning (1996)

For all video and sound modulation purposes in video recorders, cable converters, satellite receivers and all multimedia sets a multistandard modulator IC was designed using bipolar RF technology. The programmable multistandard modulator IC which covers the frequency range from 30 up to 1000 MHz was developed to fulfil all requirements for video and sound FM and AM modulation. All adjustments and the tuning of the sound carrier and RF VCO are done via the I/sup 2/C bus.
Neurobiology of Spinal Cord Injury (2000)

A motor neuron and its synaptic inputs. Immunohistology for synaptophysin (green puncta), a marker for presynaptic terminals, is combined with Dii labeling of a motor neuron axon, proximal dendrites, and cell body
ChemInform Abstract: Equilibrium Acidities of 2‐Alkylthiazolium Cations at the C‐2α Position. (1990)

Abstract The acid/base properties of the cation (Ia) and some related thiazolium cations such as (Ib) are investigated as models for the behavior of the thiamin (II).
Bistable output of an optically pumped vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (1997)

We report optically bistable output of a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL). The GaAs–AlGaAs VCSEL was optically pumped with a cw Ti:sapphire laser that was tuned near a cavity resonance of the VCSEL. Using a simple Fabry–Perot model, we demonstrate that the bistability is primarily dispersive and not absorptive. Although the threshold power is high because of poor sample quality, the contrast is very large; in fact, it approaches infinity.
Transgenic Biosynthesis of Trypanothione Protects Escherichia coli from Radiation-Induced Toxicity (2010)

Trypanothione is a unique diglutathionyl-spermidine conjugate found in abundance in trypanosomes but not in other eukaryotes. Because trypanothione is a naturally occurring polyamine thiol reminiscent of the synthetic drug amifostine, it may be a useful protector against radiation and oxidative stress. For these reasons we hypothesized that trypanothione might serve as a radioprotective agent when produced in bacteria. To accomplish this objective, the trypanothione synthetase and reductase genes from T. cruzi were introduced into E. coli and their expression was verified by qPCR and immunoblotting. Trypanothione synthesis in bacteria, detected by HPLC, resulted in decreased intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species as determined by H(2)DCFDA oxidation. Moreover, E. coli genomic DNA was protected from radiation-induced DNA damage by 4.6-fold in the presence of trypanothione compared to control bacteria. Concordantly, the transgenic E. coli expressing trypanothione were 4.3-fold more resistant to killing by (137)Cs gamma radiation compared to E. coli devoid of trypanothione expression. Thus we have shown for the first time that E. coli can be genetically engineered to express the trypanothione biosynthetic pathway and produce trypanothione, which results in their radioresistance. These results warrant further research to explore the possibility of developing trypanothione as a novel radioprotective agent.
Development of a Connectionist Network Supercomputer (1993)

This paper describes an effort at UC Berkeley and the International Computer Science Institute to develop a super-computer for artificial neural network applications. We describe our applications targets, machine goals, and the system architecture. 1 Introduction The goals of the Connectionist Network Supercomputer-1 (CNS-1) project are to produce super-computer performance and flexible software for connectionist computation at moderate cost. This paper outlines why we have chosen this task and gives the current state of the design. In a university-based research environment, there are two reasons for undertaking an ambitious development project: either the result is needed or one expects the effort to advance science and technology. Both motivations are equally important for CNS-1. Recent work in our lab and elsewhere has shown the practicality of connectionist systems for a range of important problems, but has also revealed needs for computational resources far exceeding those avail...
Numerical simulations of carrier transport in pillar structured solid state thermal neutron detector (2007)

This work reports characterization and modeling of a novel three dimensionally integrated silicon p+, intrinsic, n+ (PIN) diode micropillar array for thermal neutron detection.
Genetic diversity of vaginal lactobacilli from women in different countries based on 16S rRNA gene sequences (2002)

Knowledge of vaginal Lactobacillus species richness and distribution in women worldwide may lead to the design of better probiotic products as bacterial replacement therapy.
A fully digital controlled off-chip I/sub DDQ/ measurement unit (1998)

The paper describes a new Digital controlled Off-Chip I/sub DDQ/ Measurement Unit (DOCIMU), which provides reliable precision and relatively fast measurements, even with a high capacitive load, while the Device Under Test (DUT) is unaffected. The maximal resolution is 50 nA and the accurate measurement range is 1 mA. Unlike other I/sub DDQ/ monitors, the DOCIMU copes with external interference, as it needs no analogue pin to set the I/sub DDQ/ limit and the noise at the V/sub DD/ is eliminated via a special S/H feature. The DOCIMU is also a testable I/sub DDQ/ monitor, which is another unique feature.
The Rise of the English Legal Profession (1874)

How much the English Law, in the present day, is indebted to the Roman, appears to be still a point on which writers differ. Professor Stubbs, in his edition of “Documents Illustrative of English History,” holds that the debt is slight; or, at all events, that few remains exist, in modern times, of laws that had their origin in the days of the Roman occupation of Britain; while Mr. Finlason, in his preliminary essay to the last edition of “Reeves' History of English Law,” argues, on the other hand, that we derive much of our system of jurisprudence and many of our present laws from this source. M. Guizot holds the same on behalf of the origin of the old French laws.
Asymmetric Synthesis of β‐Hydroxy‐α‐amino Acids (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Towards a comprehensive chore list for domestic robots (2013)

We present an analysis of household chore lists with an eye towards building a comprehensive tasks lists for domestic robots. We identify the common structures of cleaning and organizing tasks, and characterize properties of their targets. Based on this analysis, we discuss the necessity for end-user programming of domestic robots at different levels.
AUTOMATIC SPEED MONITOR: AN INTELLIGENT VEHICLE HIGHWAY SYSTEM SAFE-SPEED SYSTEM FOR ADVANCE WARNING OR HAZARDOUS SPEED MONITORING (1993)

In the development of a safer highway driving environment, unsafe speeds have been found to be a cause of approximately one-third or more of all accidents. Monitoring of safe speeds has been commonly performed by radar enforcement. However, recent experience has indicated that long-term exposure to the radar emissions may pose a hazard for the law enforcement community. A new, simple and inexpensive intelligent vehicle highway system speed monitoring concept that can be easily adapted to existing vehicles and roadways is presented. The concept relies on the speed-distance-time relationship and an on-board impulse detector and constant timer to calculate the travel time or posted speed of the roadway. The calculated travel time or speed can then be compared with the current vehicle speed or with a constant time to warn the driver of hazardous approaching events (excessive speeds approaching construction or maintenance work sites, sharp curves, railroad crossings, or school zones). It can also be used to issue tickets to the vehicle registration if warnings remain unheeded. Current estimates indicate that the use of the speed monitoring device may save approximately 10,000 lives and 500,000 injury accidents per year. The cost of the on-board electronics for a magnetic detection system is approximately $10 per vehicle with roadway detection costs for magnets of under $10 per installation. An on-board magnetic sensing device has been successfully tested in field trials to warn of approaching sharp curves and awaits further development and testing of other applications and human factor consideration.
Top advances of the year: Hepatobiliary cancers (2023)

This commentary reviews top advances in hepatobiliary cancer research in 2021-2022, focusing on leveraging immunotherapeutics in combination with other therapies earlier in the disease course and targeted to patient's individualized biomarkers that may predict response or resistance to checkpoint inhibitors.
3D‐Printed Soft Lithography for Complex Compartmentalized Microfluidic Neural Devices (2020)

Compartmentalized microfluidic platforms are an invaluable tool in neuroscience research. However, harnessing the full potential of this technology remains hindered by the lack of a simple fabrication approach for the creation of intricate device architectures with high-aspect ratio features. Here, a hybrid additive manufacturing approach is presented for the fabrication of open-well compartmentalized neural devices that provides larger freedom of device design, removes the need for manual postprocessing, and allows an increase in the biocompatibility of the system. Suitability of the method for multimaterial integration allows to tailor the device architecture for the long-term maintenance of healthy human stem-cell derived neurons and astrocytes, spanning at least 40 days. Leveraging fast-prototyping capabilities at both micro and macroscale, a proof-of-principle human in vitro model of the nigrostriatal pathway is created. By presenting a route for novel materials and unique architectures in microfluidic systems, the method provides new possibilities in biological research beyond neuroscience applications.
Editorial (1992)

Starting with this issue the traditional scientific journals "Journal fur praktische Chemie" and "Chemiker-Zeitung" are combined and at the same time increased in volume.The aim is to continue the good traditions of both journals as well as to meet future demands.For this reason, in addition to papers from pure organic chemistry in its broadest sense, the area of technical and applied chemistry will be emphasized taking into consideration the fact that chemical compounds are especially important regarding their properties and applications in many fields of modern life.A new board of distinguished editors has been formed in order to guarantee the quality and success of the combined journal.
[Concept and method of evidence-based toxicology of traditional Chinese medicine from origin and development of evidence-based toxicology]. (2022)

Advances in science and technology promote the rapid development of toxicological detection technologies. However, there is still a lack of decision-making tools for toxicological risk assessment, such as the lack of transparent schemes to evaluate current toxicological research and practice and the lag of toxicological testing tools to evaluate toxicity, resulting in difficulties in toxicity verification and hindering the transformation of toxicological research paradigm. Some scholars have proposed to integrate the concept of evidence-based medicine with the toxicological practice to improve the technical methods of toxicological research concept and risk assessment decision-making. With the promotion of relevant scholars and academic organizations, the concept and connotation of evidence-based toxicology have gradually become clear and a framework for research and practice has been initially formed. Although there are still many challenges, it also provides a new idea for the toxicity risk assessment and safe medication decision-making of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM). The era of digital intelligence has brought new opportunities and broad space for the development of TCM evidence-based toxicology. The exploration of TCM evidence-based toxicology from concept to method is an important embodiment of the development of TCM evidence-based toxicology, and will also promote the continuous enrichment and improvement of the research and practice system of TCM evidence-based toxicology.
Soft detection physical layer insecurity (2022)

We establish that during the execution of any Guessing Random Additive Noise Decoding (GRAND) algorithm, an interpretable, useful measure of decoding confidence can be evaluated. This measure takes the form of a log-likelihood ratio (LLR) of the hypotheses that, should a decoding be found by a given query, the decoding is correct versus its being incorrect. That LLR can be used as soft output for a range of applications and we demonstrate its utility by showing that it can be used to confidently discard likely erroneous decodings in favor of returning more readily managed erasures. We show that feature can be used to compromise the physical layer security of short length wiretap codes by accurately and confidently revealing a proportion of a communication when code-rate is far above the Shannon capacity of the associated hard detection channel.
Cell proliferation and polyposis. (1995)

Aim: To assess the risk of developing aspiration during chemoradiation for head and neck cancer. Patients and Methods: A retrospective review of 114 patients who underwent concurrent chemoradiation for locally advanced head and neck cancer was undertaken. Patients were determined as having aspiration if they had pneumonia on chest-X-ray (CXR) and/or had documented aspiration on the modified barium swallow (MBS) during their treatment. Results: Fifteen patients (13%) developed aspiration during chemoradiation. Twelve patients (10%) had aspiration demonstrated on CXR alone (9 patients) or combined with MBS (3 patients). Three patients (3%) had aspiration on MBS alone. Three of the six patients with aspiration observed on MBS had normal swallowing on their pretreatment MBS. All 15 patients had severe mucositis and neutropenia at the time of the aspiration. Despite broad-spectrum antibiotics and supportive care, six patients (5%) died. Conclusion: Aspiration may develop during chemoradiation for head and neck cancer because of radiation-induced altered swallow.
Rapid pseudo-H&E imaging using a fluorescence-inbuilt optical coherence microscopic imaging system (2021)

A technique using Linnik-based optical coherence microscopy (OCM), with built-in fluorescence microscopy (FM), is demonstrated here to describe cellular-level morphology for fresh porcine and biobank tissue specimens. The proposed method utilizes color-coding to generate digital pseudo-H&E (p-H&E) images. Using the same camera, colocalized FM images are merged with corresponding morphological OCM images using a 24-bit RGB composition process to generate position-matched p-H&E images. From receipt of dissected fresh tissue piece to generation of stitched images, the total processing time is <15 min for a 1-cm<sup>2</sup> specimen, which is on average two times faster than frozen-section H&E process for fatty or water-rich fresh tissue specimens. This technique was successfully used to scan human and animal fresh tissue pieces, demonstrating its applicability for both biobank and veterinary purposes. We provide an in-depth comparison between p-H&E and human frozen-section H&E images acquired from the same metastatic sentinel lymph node slice (∼10 µm thick), and show the differences, like elastic fibers of a tiny blood vessel and cytoplasm of tumor cells. This optical sectioning technique provides histopathologists with a convenient assessment method that outputs large-field H&E-like images of fresh tissue pieces without requiring any physical embedment.
DPCM picture transmission over noisy channels with the aid of a Markov model (1995)

The problem of DPCM picture transmission over noisy channels is considered. It is well known that DPCM systems are very sensitive to channel errors. The goal in this work is to build robustness against channel errors. Three methods are proposed in this paper and are obtained by modeling the encoded signal as a Markov sequence. First, an optimum method for decoding correlated sequences is derived, and it is shown to require Viterbi decoding. Then, a modified MAP method (MMAP) for Markov sequences is described. A maximal signal-to-noise (MSNR) receiver for DPCM systems is also developed that minimizes the distortion power due to channel errors. The appropriate cost matrix for this receiver is computed. These methods are applied to DPCM picture transmission over noisy channels and are compared with a another method. The SNR graphs, as well as subjective examination of the received pictures, demonstrate that the proposed procedures are quite effective and superior to that method. Among the proposed methods, the MSNR receiver was found to be more effective than the others for a given order of the Markov model. It is observed that the proposed methods are most beneficial for low detail pictures.
Joint Power and QoE Optimization Scheme for Multi-UAV Assisted Offloading in Mobile Computing (2021)

Recent years, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have attracted much attention for providing intermediate relay to ground mobile user equipments (UEs) for their flexible mobility. UEs can offload computing-intensive task to mobile cloud computing (MCC) or mobile edge computing (MEC) for fast processing. However, with multi-UAV and ground mobile UEs in the system, heterogeneous performance requirement as well as fast-changing communication condition make the system more complicated. Meanwhile, both UEs and UAVs are battery-driven. How to optimize the energy efficiency for UEs' transmission and UAVs' position should be carefully considered. Since this is a non-convex and mixed-integer optimization problem, a heuristic joint power and quality of experience (HJPQ) algorithm is proposed in this article, where the UEs' offloading delay, MIMO channel, transmission power, as well as UAVs' placement are jointly optimized. The numeral simulations not only reveal the effectiveness of HJPQ, but also guarantee the great quality of experience (QoE) performance for UEs with different priorities. Furthermore, the comparison experiments with random assignment and deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) show the superiority of HJPQ in lower complexity, faster convergence, shorter offloading delay as well as higher energy efficiency.
Correlation of Metal-Semiconductor Barrier Height and Metal Work Function; Effects of Surface States (1966)

The validity of the Schottky theory of metal-semiconductor contacts is examined. This is accomplished by deriving values of metallic work function for several metals on Si, CdS, GaAs, and GaP through the use of published values of barrier heights. Values of electron affinity for the four semiconductors are also derived. Close agreement is obtained between the work function values of a given metal on different semiconductors. The derived work function values also agree in most cases with values measured recently under conditions that correspond at least approximately to the conditions existing for evaporated-metal-semiconductor systems. The derived values of electron affinity do not agree, however, in general with the values measured by photoelectric means. It is shown that this disagreement can be accounted for on the basis of a high density of surface states near the valence band edge of the semiconductor. In the case of GaAs, it appears that these surface states move up to the Fermi level for the high work function metals and ``pin'' the barrier at about 0.85 to 0.90 eV.
Hierarchy of folding and unfolding events of protein G, CI2, and ACBP from explicit-solvent simulations (2011)

The study of the mechanism which is at the basis of the phenomenon of protein folding requires the knowledge of multiple folding trajectories under biological conditions. Using a biasing molecular-dynamics algorithm based on the physics of the ratchet-and-pawl system, we carry out all-atom, explicit solvent simulations of the sequence of folding events which proteins G, CI2, and ACBP undergo in evolving from the denatured to the folded state. Starting from highly disordered conformations, the algorithm allows the proteins to reach, at the price of a modest computational effort, nativelike conformations, within a root mean square deviation (RMSD) of approximately 1 Å. A scheme is developed to extract, from the myriad of events, information concerning the sequence of native contact formation and of their eventual correlation. Such an analysis indicates that all the studied proteins fold hierarchically, through pathways which, although not deterministic, are well-defined with respect to the order of contact formation. The algorithm also allows one to study unfolding, a process which looks, to a large extent, like the reverse of the major folding pathway. This is also true in situations in which many pathways contribute to the folding process, like in the case of protein G.
Radiopathologic correlation of collision lung cancer with ground-glass opacity (2018)

Pulmonary collision tumors have been described as a special entity of synchronous multiple lung cancer. There have been no reports detailing the chronological changes in primary collision lung cancers on chest computed tomography. We report a case of ground-glass lung nodules gradually colliding with each other. The collision tumors of the lung were composed of minimally invasive adenocarcinoma and adenocarcinoma in situ with epidermal growth factor mutations. Immunohistochemically, the Ki-67 labeling indices were different in the 2 components. Ki-67 staining was useful to distinguish the 2 components. The 2 dominant ground-glass tumors grew slowly with radiologic and pathologic heterogeneity.