gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the Perplexingly Low Rate of Transport of IgG2 across the Human Placenta (2014)

The neonatal receptor, FcRn, mediates both serum half-life extension as well as active transport of maternal IgG to the fetus during pregnancy. Therefore, transport efficiency and half-life go hand-in-hand. However, while the half-life of the human IgG2 subclass is comparable to IgG1, the placental transport of IgG2 is not, with the neonatal IgG1 levels generally exceeding maternal levels at birth, but not for IgG2. We hypothesized that the unique short-hinged structure of IgG2, which enables its κ-, but not λ-isotype to form at least three different structural isoforms, might be a contributing factor to these differences. To investigate whether there was any preference for either light chain, we measured placental transport of IgG subclasses as well as κ/λ-light chain isotypes of IgG1 and IgG2 in 27 matched mother-child pairs. We also studied the half-life of IgG1 and IgG2 light chain isotypes in mice, as well as that of synthesized IgG2 structural isotypes κA and κB. In order to investigate serum clearance of IgG1 and IgG2 light-chain isotypes in humans, we quantified the relative proportions of IgG1 and IgG2 light chains in hypogammaglobulinemia patients four weeks after IVIg infusion and compared to the original IVIg isotype composition. None of our results indicate any light chain preference in either of the FcRn mediated mechanisms; half-life extension or maternal transport.
Functional integrity of NMDA-dependent LTP induction mechanisms across the lifespan of F-344 rats. (1996)

Previous studies have reported a lack of an age effect in the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) at CA1 synapses, using robust (supramaximal) stimulation parameters, but an apparent age effect on the induction threshold of LTP using less robust stimulation, in the perithreshold region. These findings have led to the suggestion that old animals may experience an alteration either in the efficacy of activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors or in the metabolic processes subsequent to NMDA receptor activation that lead to LTP expression. An alternative explanation for the apparent threshold change in old animals is that, because of the known reduction of the intracellularly recorded, compound EPSP magnitude in old rats, equivalent electrical stimulation results in a smaller effective depolarization of the postsynaptic cells and a consequently less effective activation of NMDA receptors, which are otherwise functionally normal. To distinguish between these two hypotheses, weak orthodromic stimulation was paired with intracellularly applied current pulses, thus holding constant the degree of postsynaptic depolarization. No differences in LTP induction threshold or magnitude were observed in a large sample of rats from three age groups. It is concluded that the NMDA receptor mechanisms and associated biochemical processes leading to LTP induction are not altered in aged F-344 rats. The reduced compound EPSP in old animals was reconfirmed in the present study, and a significant correlation was found in old rats between the magnitude of the EPSP at a fixed stimulus level and their performance on a spatial memory task.
Silk Fibroin In Ocular Surface Reconstruction: What is Its Potential As A Biomaterial In Ophthalmics? (2012)

Hardly a month goes by within the scientific literature without some new material “X” being reported as a suitable material on which to grow cell type “Y”, for the potential purpose of treating disease “Z”. Thus when fibroin, a protein found in silk, was first proposed as a biomaterial for cell growth [1] it joined a long list of other materials of both natural as well as synthetic origin. Nevertheless, in the second decade of the Asian Century it is perhaps befitting that a material of so much importance to the continent’s cultural and economic history, should become the focus of cutting-edge biomedical research. Sentiments aside, however, silk fibroin possesses quite a unique combination of properties which make it a promising candidate for repairing the eye and especially for treating damage to the cornea, the transparent window at the front of the eye.
Assembly of randomly placed parts realized by using only one robot arm with a general parallel-jaw gripper (2019)

In industry assembly lines, parts feeding machines are widely employed as the prologue of the whole procedure. They play the role of sorting the parts randomly placed in bins to the state with specified pose. With the help of the parts feeding machines, the subsequent assembly processes by robot arm can always start from the same condition. Thus it is expected that function of parting feeding machine and the robotic assembly can be integrated with one robot arm. This scheme can provide great flexibility and can also contribute to reduce the cost. The difficulties involved in this scheme lie in the fact that in the part feeding phase, the pose of the part after grasping may be not proper for the subsequent assembly. Sometimes it can not even guarantee a stable grasp. In this paper, we proposed a method to integrate parts feeding and assembly within one robot arm. This proposal utilizes a specially designed gripper tip mounted on the jaws of a two-fingered gripper. With the modified gripper, in-hand manipulation of the grasped object is realized, which can ensure the control of the orientation and offset position of the grasped object. The proposal in this paper is verified by a simulated assembly in which a robot arm completed the assembly process including parts picking from bin and a subsequent peg-in-hole assembly.
Subspace method for blind identification of multichannel FIR systems in noise field with unknown spatial covariance (1997)

International audience
Eifelvulkanieten: specialiteiten uit de magmatische keuken (1987)

In het hoofdstuk Het vulkanisme van de Eifel werd kwistig gestrooid met gesteentenamen, die om een uitleg vragen. De keuken van de petrografie of gesteentebeschrijving wordt nu eenmaal omschreven met termen, die voor niet - ingewijden even ondoorzichtig zijn als het menufrans voor niet-fanatieke bezoekers van eethuizen. De oorspronkelijke leverancier van vulkanische ingredienten is het magma. Dit is vloeibaar gesteentemateriaal, dat zich uit de diepe delen van de aardkorst een weg naar boven baande. Dit magma is een silicaatsmelt, waaruit bij afkoeling voornamelijk mineralen van de silicaatgroep zullen uitkristalliseren. Zij doen dit in een bepaalde volgorde, want de ene stof stolt bij een hogere temperatuur dan de andere. Natuurlijk zullen slechts die mineralen ontstaan, waarvan de bestanddelen in bruikbare hoeveelheden aanwezig zijn, want ook de cuisine magmatique kan niet toveren. Zij is wel bijzonder vindingrijk.
Fatigue after neurosurgery in patients with a brain tumor: The role of autonomic dysregulation and disturbed sleep (2022)

Background Fatigue is prevalent in patients with a brain tumor and high levels of fatigue persist after neurosurgical tumor resection. The underlying mechanisms are insufficiently understood and this study examines the role of autonomic nervous system dysregulation and objective sleep characteristics in fatigue among post-surgical patients. Methods Patients undergoing craniotomy (N = 52; age 52.1 ± 15.0 years; 44% women) were evaluated at 3 months after surgery (median = 86 days). Fatigue was measured using the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory. Autonomic nervous system indices were based on 24-h heart rate variability (HRV) analysis. Sleep parameters were measured using actigraphy: total sleep duration, efficiency, onset latency and wake after sleep onset (WASO). Data analyses of this cross-sectional study included correlation and multiple regression analysis. Results Fatigue scores were significantly elevated in tumor resection patients compared to healthy reference norms (p's < 0.05) with no differences between patients with glioma (N = 32) versus meningioma (N = 20). Associations between HRV indices and fatigue were non-significant (r values <0.16, p values > 0.25). Sleep duration was associated with physical fatigue (r = 0.35, p = 0.02), whereas WASO was associated with mental fatigue levels (r = 0.40, p = 0.006). Disturbed sleep measures were associated with HRV indices of reduced parasympathetic nervous system activity in glioma patients but not in meningioma patients. Conclusions Multiple nocturnal awakenings may result in mental fatigue and longer sleep time was associated with physical fatigue, which may reflect compensatory sleep patterns. Future intervention studies addressing sleep quality may be beneficial in treating fatigue in patients following neurosurgery for tumor resection.
Data from A Galectin-3 Ligand Corrects the Impaired Function of Human CD4 and CD8 Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes and Favors Tumor Rejection in Mice (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Human CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes (TIL), in contrast with CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; blood cells, show impaired IFN-γ secretion on &lt;i&gt;ex vivo&lt;/i&gt; restimulation. We have attributed the impaired IFN-γ secretion to a decreased mobility of T-cell receptors on trapping in a lattice of glycoproteins clustered by extracellular galectin-3. Indeed, we have previously shown that treatment with &lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt;-acetyllactosamine, a galectin ligand, restored this secretion. We strengthened this hypothesis here by showing that CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; TIL treated with an anti–galectin-3 antibody had an increased IFN-γ secretion. Moreover, we found that GCS-100, a polysaccharide in clinical development, detached galectin-3 from TIL and boosted cytotoxicity and secretion of different cytokines. Importantly, we observed that not only CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; TIL but also CD4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; TIL treated with GCS-100 secreted more IFN-γ on &lt;i&gt;ex vivo&lt;/i&gt; restimulation. In tumor-bearing mice vaccinated with a tumor antigen, injections of GCS-100 led to tumor rejection in half of the mice, whereas all control mice died. In nonvaccinated mice, GCS-100 had no effect by itself. These results suggest that a combination of galectin-3 ligands and therapeutic vaccination may induce more tumor regressions in cancer patients than vaccination alone. Cancer Res; 70(19); 7476–88. ©2010 AACR.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Enhanced Detection and Classification of Buried Mines with an UWB Multistatic GPR (2005)

We present a resonance-based classification technique for the identification of plastic-cased antipersonnel (AP) land mines buried in lossy and dispersive soils under rough surfaces by a stepped-frequency ultra-wideband (UWB) downward-looking ground penetrating radar (GPR) with an array of receivers. For this application the multistatic ground probing sensor is positioned just above the ground surface and operates from UHF to C-band frequencies. Novel physics-based models based on the finite difference frequency domain (FDFD) technique simulate the characteristic resonating multi-aspect target frequency responses for several realistic buried land mine detection scenarios. Matched filter detection results are presented which assess the GPR's performance in identifying a simulated mine buried under a rough surface at varying depths in dry sand and a dispersive clay loam soil and distinguishing them from false targets such as buried rocks.
Imaging P-Glycoprotein Induction at the Blood–Brain Barrier of a β-Amyloidosis Mouse Model with 11C-Metoclopramide PET (2019)

P-glycoprotein (ABC subfamily B member 1, ABCB1) plays an important role at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in promoting clearance of neurotoxic β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides from the brain into the blood. ABCB1 expression and activity were found to be decreased in the brains of Alzheimer disease patients. Treatment with drugs that induce cerebral ABCB1 activity may be a promising approach to delay the build-up of Aβ deposits in the brain by enhancing clearance of Aβ peptides from the brain. The aim of this study was to investigate whether PET with the weak ABCB1 substrate radiotracer <sup>11</sup>C-metoclopramide can measure ABCB1 induction at the BBB in a β-amyloidosis mouse model (APP/PS1-21 mice) and in wild-type mice. <b>Methods:</b> Groups of wild-type and APP/PS1-21 mice aged 50 or 170 d underwent <sup>11</sup>C-metoclopramide baseline PET scans or scans after intraperitoneal treatment with the rodent pregnane X receptor activator 5-pregnen-3β-ol-20-one-16α-carbonitrile (PCN, 25 mg/kg) or its vehicle over 7 d. At the end of the PET scans, brains were harvested for immunohistochemical analysis of ABCB1 and Aβ levels. In separate groups of mice, radiolabeled metabolites of <sup>11</sup>C-metoclopramide were determined in plasma and brain at 15 min after radiotracer injection. As an outcome parameter of cerebral ABCB1 activity, the elimination slope of radioactivity washout from the brain (<i>k</i><sub>E,brain</sub>) was calculated. <b>Results:</b> PCN treatment resulted in an increased clearance of radioactivity from the brain as reflected by significant increases in <i>k</i><sub>E,brain</sub> (from +26% to +54% relative to baseline). Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed ABCB1 induction in the brains of PCN-treated APP/PS1-21 mice with a concomitant decrease in Aβ levels. There was a significant positive correlation between <i>k</i><sub>E,brain</sub> and ABCB1 levels in the brain. In wild-type mice, a significant age-related decrease in <i>k</i><sub>E,brain</sub> was found. Metabolite analysis showed that most radioactivity in the brain comprised unmetabolized <sup>11</sup>C-metoclopramide in all animal groups. <b>Conclusion:</b><sup>11</sup>C-metoclopramide can measure ABCB1 induction in the mouse brain without the need to consider an arterial input function and may find potential application in Alzheimer disease patients to noninvasively evaluate strategies to enhance the clearance properties of the BBB.
Dual Stack IPv6 Dominant Transition Mechanism (DSTM) (2005)

In an IPv6 dominant environment, some applications will still require
IPv4 addresses to interoperate. Dual stack may be configured on these
hosts, but this will imply the configuration of network equipments
(such as routers) to proceed IPv4 packets. The Dual Stack IPv6
Dominant Transition Mechanism (DSTM) is based on the use of IPv4-over-
IPv6 tunnels to carry IPv4 traffic within an IPv6 network and provides
a method to allocate a temporary IPv4 address to Dual IP Layer
IPv6/IPv4 capable nodes. DSTM is also a way to avoid the use of
Network Address Translation for early adopter IPv6 deployment to
communicate with IPv4 legacy nodes and applications.
Intravaginal instillation of lactobacilli for prevention of recurrent urinary tract infections (1988)

Urinary tract infections remain a common problem, particularly in the female population. New methods are required to manage recurrent cystitis, and extensive research to date has suggested that restoration of the lactobacilli flora of the urogenital tract may prevent these infections. In this study, five females suffering from recurrent urinary tract infections were treated twice weekly with intravaginal and perineal implantation of Lactobacillus casei GR-1. These organisms colonized the epithelium and prevented the emergence of coliform bacteria in most instances, but did not appear to affect enterococcal colonization. In vitro studies showed that L. casei GR-1 inhibited the growth of the coliforms but did not inhibit enterococci. Each of the five patients had infection-free periods ranging from 4 weeks to 6 months. The treatment was well tolerated, had no side effects, led to an improved well-being, and was preferred to antibiotic treatment by all of the patients. These human studies, albeit of a limited nature, are the first to examine the potential for lactobacillus therapy in the prevention of urinary tract infections. The results show that lactobacilli therapy, using carefully selected organisms to treat patients who are closely followed, may be effective in the prevention of recurrent urinary tract infections.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Remote C – H Functionalizations (2021)

Over the last decades, C–H activation has emerged as a powerful tool for molecular syntheses with noteworthy applications in chemical, agrochemical, and pharmaceutical industries. Despite major advances, full control of the regioselectivity remains a key challenge in transition metal-catalyzed C–H functionalization. In this context, chelation assistance has proven to be an efficient strategy for enabling ortho-selective C–H activations of arenes. In contrast to other transition metals, ruthenium metallacycles exhibit distinct properties, thus allowing for the formation of new C–C and C–Het bonds at the ortho-, meta-, or para-positions of arenes. In this chapter, we present a detailed overview of ruthenium-catalyzed remote meta- and para-selective C–H functionalization reactions and their mechanistic insights by experiment and computation up to November 2019.
Direct Magnetic Excitation of Cantilevers for Dynamic Force Microscocopy in Liquids (1999)

Abstract The mechanical Q-factor of an AFM cantilever immersed in fluid is reduced to a small value (ca. 3) owing to viscous damping. Thus, a large driving force is needed to excite the cantilever into bending motion in fluid. There are two common methods for exciting cantilevers for dynamic force microscopy in fluids, illustrated in Figure 1. Fig. la illustrates acoustic excitation in which a piezoelectric transducer displaces the base of the cantilever, causing bending motion of the cantilever when the driving frequency is near to a bending resonance of the cantilever. Fig. lb shows magnetic excitation. In magnetic excitation, a magnetic field is used to cause bending of a magnetic cantilever either through magnetostriction or MXB forces. Acoustic excitation has the highest amplitude at mechanical resonances of the cantilever housing, with the result that the response is dominated by these sharp features,Fig. 2a. In contrast, the response to magnetic excitation is intrinsic to the cantilever, Fig. 2b. Thus, magnetic excitation permits the cantilever to be driven over a wide range of frequencies. This is important for calibration of the amplitude and for experiments involving time and concentration dependence in tip-sample interactions, e.g., anti-body recognition imaging.
Modelling a Biological System: Network Creation by Triplet Extraction from Biological Literature (2012)

The chapter proposes an approach to support modelling of plant defence response to pathogen attacks. Such models are currently built manually from expert knowledge, experimental results, and literature search, which is a very time consuming process. Manual model construction can be effectively complemented by automated model extraction from biological literature. This work focuses on the construction of triplets in the form of subject-predicate-object extracted from scientific papers, which are used by the Biomine automated graph construction and visualisation engine to create the biological model. The approach was evaluated by comparing the automatically generated graph with a manually developed Petri net model of plant defence. This approach to automated model creation was explored also in a bisociative setting. The emphasis is not on creative knowledge discovery, but rather on specifying and crossing the boundaries of knowledge of individual scientists. This could be used to model the expertise of virtual scientific consortia.
Structural basis for PAS domain heterodimerization in the basic helix–loop–helix-PAS transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor (2003)

Biological responses to oxygen availability play important roles in development, physiological homeostasis, and many disease processes. In mammalian cells, this adaptation is mediated in part by a conserved pathway centered on the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). HIF is a heterodimeric protein complex composed of two members of the basic helix-loop-helix Per-ARNT-Sim (PAS) (ARNT, aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator) domain family of transcriptional activators, HIFalpha and ARNT. Although this complex involves protein-protein interactions mediated by basic helix-loop-helix and PAS domains in both proteins, the role played by the PAS domains is poorly understood. To address this issue, we have studied the structure and interactions of the C-terminal PAS domain of human HIF-2alpha by NMR spectroscopy. We demonstrate that HIF-2alpha PAS-B binds the analogous ARNT domain in vitro, showing that residues involved in this interaction are located on the solvent-exposed side of the HIF-2alpha central beta-sheet. Mutating residues at this surface not only disrupts the interaction between isolated PAS domains in vitro but also interferes with the ability of full-length HIF to respond to hypoxia in living cells. Extending our findings to other PAS domains, we find that this beta-sheet interface is widely used for both intra- and intermolecular interactions, suggesting a basis of specificity and regulation of many types of PAS-containing signaling proteins.
Influence of a GaN Cap Layer on the Morphology and the Physical Properties of Embedded Self-Organized InN Quantum Dots on GaN(0001) Grown by Metal–Organic Vapour Phase Epitaxy (2011)

Self-organized InN quantum dots were grown on GaN(0001) by metal–organic vapour phase epitaxy. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements found no wetting layer, i.e., the dots grow directly in Volmer–Weber growth mode. The dots were capped with GaN by three different procedures. Direct overgrowth at the same temperature as the dot formation produced the smoothest surfaces. Cubic and hexagonal GaN was observed in the cap layer, as well as strong indium intermixing. The dot size and volume was reduced during overgrowth. The dots were ∼90% relaxed with many dislocations at the interface from GaN to InN. The photoluminescence of the dots was very weak due to the dislocation.
Gold Catalysis Outside Nanoscale: Bulk Gold Catalyzes the Aerobic Oxidation of π‐Activated Alcohols (2011)

The incredible bulk: Although nano-sized Au is required in numerous reactions, π-activated alcohols, such as benzyl alcohol and cinnamyl alcohol, can be catalytically oxidized by unsupported bulk Au, which provides a promising starting point to explore the origin of Au catalysis. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.