gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental mm wave 5G cellular system (2014)

Bolstered by the ever increasing processing power of smart devices and combined with the new innovative applications, cellular data traffic demand is expected to increase a 10000x by 2025. Simultaneously, the telecommunication industry is converging on a common set of 5G requirements specifying 10x peak rates, 10x reductions in latency and 100x increases in cell edge rates over 4G cellular. Researchers are now looking to higher frequencies to meet demand and achieve the new requirements. This paper describes an experimental 5G system designed to operate at 73.5 GHz with a 1 GHz BW. The system communicates using a 28 dB gain antenna having a narrow 3 degree half-power beamwidth serving fully mobile user devices moving at pedestrian speeds. This experimental system is implemented in collaboration with Nokia and NTT DOCOMO [1][2].
Multi-gigahertz operation of photon counting InGaAs avalanche photodiodes (2010)

We report a 2 GHz operation of InGaAs avalanche photodiodes for efficient single photon detection at telecom wavelengths. Employing a self-differencing circuit that incorporates tuneability in both frequency and arm balancing, extremely weak avalanches can now be sensed so as to suppress afterpulsing. The afterpulse probability is characterized as 4.84% and 1.42% for a photon detection efficiency of 23.5% and 11.8%, respectively. The device will further increase the secure bit rate for fiber wavelength quantum key distribution.
Fast reconstruction algorithm dealing with tomography artifacts (2010)

Highly brilliant X-rays delivered by third generation synchrotron facilities coupled with modern detector technology permit routinely acquisition of high resolution tomograms in few minutes, making high throughput experiments a reality and bringing real-time tomography closer. New solutions for fast post-processing of such large amount of data are mandatory to fully exploit advantages provided by the high acquisition speed enabling new experiments until recently even unimaginable. The TOMCAT beamline<sup>1</sup> is well equipped for fast and high throughput experiments<sup>2, 3</sup>. Here, we will focus on our solutions regarding the reconstruction process and discuss a fast reconstruction algorithm<sup>4</sup>, based on the Fourier Transform method as opposed to slower standard Filtered Back-Projection routines. We perform the critical step of such method, the polar-to-Cartesian mapping in the Fourier space, by convolution with the Fourier transform of functions with particular characteristics. This convolution approach combines speed with accuracy, making real-time data postprocessing closer to reality. This fast reconstruction algorithm implemented at TOMCAT also features several plug-ins, aimed at taming reconstruction artifacts. Here, we will discuss a new approach for removing rings from reconstructed datasets arising from defective detector pixels and/or damaged scintillator screens. This new method is based on a combined wavelet- FFT decomposition<sup>5</sup>. Another important feature of the presented reconstruction algorithm deals with local tomographic datasets, characterized by incomplete data. We show here that ad-hoc padding of the sinograms prior to reconstruction significantly reduces typical artifacts related to data incompleteness, making local tomography a valuable acquisition mode when small volumes in relatively large samples are of interest.
Chiral conducting polymers (2010)

This critical review describes the preparation and properties of a relatively new class of chiral macromolecules, namely chiral conducting polymers. It focuses in particular on examples based on polypyrrole, polythiophene and polyaniline. They possess remarkable properties, combining not only chirality with electrical conductivity but also the ability to undergo facile redox and pH switching. These unique properties have opened up a range of exciting new potential applications, including as chiral sensors, as novel stationary phases for chiral separations, and as chiral electrodes for electrochemical asymmetric synthesis (153 references).
Die Ultraschallbiomikroskopie als Kriterium der Funktionsprüfung des suprachorioidalen Spaltes nach kammerwinkelchirurgischen Eingriffen (1997)

Thus, ultrasonic biomicroscopy is a means of checking the outcome of cyclodialysis ab interno and may influence the indications for further surgical procedures.
Intronless celB from the anaerobic fungus Neocallimastix patriciarum encodes a modular family A endoglucanase (1994)

The cDNA designated celB from the anaerobic rumen fungus Neocallimastix patriciarum contained a single open reading frame of 1422 bp coding for a protein (CelB) of M(r) 53,070. CelB expressed by Escherichia coli harbouring the full-length gene hydrolysed carboxymethylcellulose in the manner of an endoglucanase, but was most active against barley beta-glucan. It also released reducing sugar from xylan and lichenan, but was inactive against crystalline cellulose, laminarin, mannan, galactan and arabinan. The rate of hydrolysis of cellulo-oligosaccharides by CelB increased with increasing chain length from cellotriose to cellopentaose. The predicted structure of CelB contained features indicative of modular structure. The first 360 residues of CelB constituted a fully functional catalytic domain that was homologous with bacterial endoglucanases belonging to cellulase family A, including five which originate from three different species of anaerobic rumen bacteria. Downstream from this domain, and linked to it by a serine/threonine-rich hinge, was a non-catalytic domain containing short tandem repeats, homologous to the C-terminal repeats contained in xylanase A from the same anaerobic fungus. Unlike previous fungal cellulases, genomic celB was devoid of introns. This lack of introns and the homology of its encoded product with rumen bacterial endoglucanases suggest that acquisition of celB by the fungus may at some stage have involved horizontal gene transfer from a prokaryote to N. particiarum.
Isometric pointer interfaces for wearable 3D visualization (2003)

3D visualizations will soon be important wearable computer applications. However, 3D interaction can be problematic, especially in a wearable computing environment. We evaluated four 3D interaction methods using isometric joysticks common to wearable computing. Subjective and objective results favor a two-handed, aircraft-like interface mapping.
Is radiolabelled sucralphate scintigraphy of any use in the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease? (1988)

Previous optimistic reports led us to undertake a study to determine the value of 99Tcm-sucralphate scintigraphy in the assessment of localization and extent of active inflammatory bowel disease. Eight patients were studied; four had Crohn's disease (three small bowel and one colon localization) and four patients had ulcerative colitis. The results obtained by scintigraphy were compared with those obtained by diagnostic radiology and/or endoscopy. In five patients indium-111 granulocyte scintigraphy was also performed. 99Tcm-sucralphate scans showed total discrepancy with standard investigations in four patients and partial discrepancy in the other four. Furthermore, it was difficult from the images to decide whether the radiolabelled sucralphate indicated true inflammation or normal distribution of the radiopharmaceutical. Patient acceptability was very low due to frequent scanning times and the recommended purgation which was not well tolerated and is contraindicated in severely ill patients. We conclude that this technique is not a good screening test for diagnosing inflammatory bowel disease and we have, therefore, discontinued the study.
Determining a priori a RANS model's applicable range via global epistemic uncertainty quantification (2021)

Calibrating a Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) model against data leads to an improvement. Determining a priori if such an improvement generalizes to flows outside the calibration data is an outstanding challenge. This work attempts to address this challenge via global epistemic Uncertainty Quantification (UQ). Unlike the available epistemic UQ methods that are local and tell us a model's uncertainty at one specific flow condition, the global epistemic UQ method presented in this work tells us also whether a perturbation of the original model would generalize. Specifically, the global epistemic UQ method evaluates a potential improvement in terms of its “effectiveness” and “inconsistency”. Any improvement can be put in one of the following four quadrants: first, high effectiveness, low inconsistency; second, high effectiveness, high inconsistency; third, low effectiveness, low inconsistency; and fourth, low effectiveness, high inconsistency. An improvement would generalize if and only if it is in the high effectiveness, low inconsistency quadrant. To demonstrate the concept, we apply the global epistemic UQ to full Reynolds stress modeling of a stratified shear layer. The global epistemic UQ results point to a model coefficient in the pressure-strain correlation closure (among others) as effective and consistent for predicting the quantity of interest of shear layer's growth. We calibrate the model coefficients such that our RANS matches direct numerical simulation data at one flow condition. We show that the calibrated model generalizes to several other test flow conditions. On the other hand, when calibrating a high inconsistency term, the model does not generalize beyond the calibration condition.
Analysis of Re-radiated RF Harmonic Disturbance Caused by Integrated Circuit Input Pin Nonlinearity (2019)

A wireless system is presented, consisting of an aggressor antenna operating at 1.84 GHz, a victim antenna operating in the 5 GHz WiFi band, and a nonlinear integrated circuit (IC). The aggressor RF disturbance signal is picked up by the IC, the third harmonic frequency is generated due to nonlinear distortion at the IC pad, and it is re-radiated to the victim. The IC nonlinearity is characterized by measurements, and it is modelled using a voltage-dependent RC term obtained from circuit simulations, with good correlation between model, simulations, and measurements. A full 3D-FEM simulation of the wireless system and the IC model are used in the top-level simulation. A significant interference signal in the band of the victim antenna is observed. The speed-up factor of the IC model in the large-signal simulation is in the order of 100 times.
Measurement of electrotextiles for high frequency applications (2005)

Two methods to measure effective surface resistance and conductivity of different classifications of electrotextile are presented. A waveguide technique is applicable for materials that are metal plated after forming the textile. The measurement data of two different conductive fibers is provided. Alternately, a resonant transmission line is useful for weave patterns consist of conductive and insulating materials. Detailed discussion of woven fabric is presented, specifically the isolation of dielectric and conductive loss. Measured and simulated results for conductivity are presented, along with techniques to separate different aspects of textile material.
Hammerhead Ribozyme as a Therapeutic Agent for Hyperlipidemia: Production of Truncated Apolipoprotein B and Hypolipidemic Effects in a Dyslipidemia Murine Model (2000)

In humans, overproduction of apolipoprotein B (apoB) is positively associated with premature coronary artery diseases. To reduce the levels of apoB mRNA, we used adenovirus-mediated vector to target hammerhead ribozyme at GUA(6679) downward arrow of apoB mRNA (designated AvRB15) in the liver of a dyslipidemic mouse model that is deficient in apoB mRNA editing enzyme and overexpresses human apoB100. In this study, we delivered approximately 4 x 10(11) virus particles of AvRB15 (active ribozyme) or AvRB15-mutant (inactive ribozyme) to the animals. Using Southern blot analysis, we readily detected RB15 DNA in the mouse liver as long as day 35 after injection. This result was correlated with the RNA expression of RB15 by RNase protection assay. Using reverse ligation-mediated polymerase chain reaction, the 3' cleavage product of apoB mRNA was detected, and the exact cleavage site was confirmed by sequencing. Importantly, the levels of human and mouse apoB mRNA decreased approximately 80% after AvRB15 transduction. There was a marked decrease in plasma cholesterol, triglyceride, and human apoB of 42, 51, and 62%, respectively, when compared with the inactive ribozyme-treated group. Moreover, ribozyme cleavage of apoB mRNA generated a truncated protein of the expected size (apoB48.1), which was associated with lipoprotein particles in the very low density, low density, and high density lipoprotein fractions. Taken together, these results indicate that apoB mRNA-specific hammerhead ribozyme can be used as a potential therapeutic agent to modulate apoB gene expression and to treat hyperlipidemia.
The development and evaluation of RF TSV for 3D IPD applications (2013)

In this paper, Silex Microsystems, the world's largest Pure-Play MEMS foundry, together with partners TNO and VTT, present our recent advancements in RF through silicon Vias (TSV) for 3D integrated passive devices (IPD) applications, achieved in conjunction with the European consortium EPAMO. A novel open TSV fabrication process on 200 mm diameter 305 μm thick High Resistivity wafers has been used to demonstrated High Aspect Ratio Through Silicon Vias (HAR TSV), focusing on tight pitch, resulting in 36 TSV/mm2 Via density. 305 μm wafer thickness enables the fabrication of rigid interposers, an advancement in the commercialization of 3D packaging technology. The fabrication includes double sided deep reactive ion etching (DRIE), developments and evaluation on various conformal high aspect ratio (HAR) plating seedlayer processes, and void-free TSV Cu plating of open rigid TSV structures and bonding to glass wafers for characterization. The electrical characterization of the fabricated devices was performed by VTT with excellent measured RF properties: in specific, low RF losses as well as low DC resistances of less than 20 mOhm/TSV. Several different coplanar waveguide (CPW) test vehicles and other RF TSV test structures together with Daisy Chain and parasitic Capacitance test structures were designed, fabricated and evaluated. The loss of a single coplanar TSV transition is less than 0.04 dB @ 5 GHz, which is considered to be very small. The developed TSV technology was also employed to fabricate 3D toroidal inductors. These inductors were characterized by TNO showing high Q-factor (>30) and self-resonance frequency (> 6 GHz) for 3D inductors in the range of 1-15 nH. 1 and 2 port inductor temperature characteristics over temperature interval from room temperature to 111°C are reported. A fabrication integration scheme for fully integrated RF-IPD with 3D TSV based inductors and high ohmic polysilicon (p-Si) resistors and piezoelectric (PZT) metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitors are discussed. Outlook for improvements using integrated high frequency magnetic flux materials and commercialization aspects are described.
A novel anode modified by 1,5-dihydroxyanthraquinone/multiwalled carbon nanotubes composite in marine sediment microbial fuel cell and its electrochemical performance (2018)

A novel anode modified by 1,5-dihydroxyanthraquinone/multiwalled carbon nanotubes (DAQ/MWCNTs) composite was fabricated in order to improve its electrochemical performance in marine sediment microbial fuel cell (MSMFC). The number of microbes on the DAQ/MWCNTs modified anode is 18.02 times of blank anode, and it has the best electrochemical performance compared with other anodes. Its exchange current density and biofilm capacitance are 1472.15 times and 18.66 times higher than that of blank anode, respectively. The maximum power density of composite modified MSMFC (890.12 mW·m−2) is 3.01-fold of blank cell (296.11 mW·m−2). The mechanism analysis of DAQ/MWCNTs shows that DAQ, as an electron-transfer mediator, can accelerate electron transfer to benefit the electrochemical performance of anode. This provides a new anode modification method for the development of high power MSMFC as long-term power source to drive monitoring instruments.
In-Line Process Tritium Monitors (1992)

In-line process tritium monitors have been designed, fabricated, and tested for process and experimental applications in the Tritium Laboratory at Ontario Hydro. The monitors are uniquely simple and compact in design, ultrahigh vacuum compatible, and bakeable to 300°C. The low level and medium level tritium monitors with minimum detection limits of the order of 1 and 10 µCi m−3, respectively, have linear responses spanning more than 6 decades in concentration, are flow independent to at least 0.5 L s−1, and exhibit small memory effects with rapid recovery following short duration tritium exposures.
Cost-Effective Manufacturing of Damage-Tolerant Integral Armor (2000)

The U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) and the University of Delaware (UD) have developed an enabling technology to produce a polymer matrix composite-based integral armor with improved multihit ballistic capability. Current applications for integral armor composites include the Composite Armored Vehicle (CAV) technology demonstrator and Crusader self-propelled howitzer platforms. Present integral armor manufacturing processes involve adhesive bonding of a composite structure with ballistic armor tiles, spall shield, and nuisance cover. ARL, UD, and the CAV/Crusader composite structure contractor, United Defense Limited Partnership (UDLP), assessed through-thickness stitching to improve the multihit capability and reduce manufacturing costs. The patent-pending co-injection resin-transfer molding (CIRTM) process was used to produce a stitched, co-injected integral armor panel that demonstrated improved multihit capability. The spall shield was fabricated with a phenolic resin for fire, smoke, and toxicity protection, while the remainder of the integral armor (structural composite resin encapsulating the tiles and the nuisance cover) was fabricated with an epoxy resin for structural performance. Through-thickness stitching and CIRTM were used to enhance the damage tolerance and to reduce the cost of the armor.
Using articulation index band correlations to objectively estimate speech intelligibility consistent with the modified rhyme test (2013)

We present an objective estimator of speech intelligibility that follows the paradigm of the Modified Rhyme Test (MRT). For each input, the estimator uses temporal correlations within articulation index bands to select one of six possible words from a list. The rate of successful word identification becomes the measure of speech intelligibility, as in the MRT. The estimator is called Articulation Band Correlation MRT (ABC-MRT). It consumes a tiny fraction of the resources required by MRT testing. ABC-MRT has been tested on a wide range of impaired speech recordings unseen during development. The resulting Pearson correlations between ABC-MRT and MRT results range from .95 to .99. These values exceed those of the other estimators tested.
A Modified Dorsal Approach to the Wrist for Arthrodesis of the Non-Rheumatoid Wrist (1996)

Fourteen cadaveric wrists were dissected to investigate a modified dorsal approach that involved osteotomy of the small and dorsal tubercles without opening the third compartment. This approach could be safely made with good exposure of the dorsum of the wrist. The mean normal angle formed by the extensor pollicis longus tendon at the level of the dorsal tubercle was 144 degrees. An approach that involves division of the third compartment may lead to effective lengthening of the extensor pollicis longus musculotendinous unit by 8 to 17 mm with corresponding decrease in the tension generated by its contraction. The modified approach permits restoration of the normal alignment of the extensor pollicis longus tendon, and may be useful for performing arthrodesis of the non-rheumatoid wrist in young manual workers.
Damage Detection of CFRP Bolted Joints Using Embedded Optical Fibers with BOCDA System (2011)

The authors proposed fiber-optic-based damage monitoring of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) bolted joints. Optical fibers were embedded along bolt holes and strain change along the optical fiber induced by internal damage was measured by a Brillouin Optical Correlation Domain Analysis (BOCDA), which is a high spatial resolution distributed strain sensing system. This study began by investigating damage modes of CFRP bolted joints after bearing failure. Effective embedding positions of optical fibers were then proposed and their feasibility was evaluated by finite element analysis simulating the damage propagation in the bolted joint and consequent strain change. Finally, verification tests were conducted using specimens with embedded optical fibers at various positions. It was clearly shown that damage could be detected using residual strain due to fiber-microbuckling (kinking) damage or permanent deformation of neighboring plies. Furthermore, damage size and direction could be estimated from the change in the strain distribution. The system developed is quite useful for a first inspection of large-scale composite structures in aerospace applications.
Differential effects of anti-FcγRIIIb autoantibodies on polymorphonuclear neutrophil apoptosis and function (2001)

Abstract Anti-Fcγ receptor IIIb (FcγRIIIb) human autoantibodies (Ab) have been classified previously into three groups, based on the results of an indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) test and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA): IIF+/ELISA+ (group A), IIF+/ELISA− (group B), and IIF−/ELISA+ (group C) sera. In this study, differential effects between IIF+ autoAb, recognizing cell-bound FcγR, and those ELISA+, recognizing only cell-free FcγR, were studied on polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN). Neither group A nor B autoAb was cytotoxic, although both prolonged the survival of PMN by delaying spontaneous apoptosis. By the same extent, the PMN-binding antisera stimulated the appearance of a CD11bdim population, following a 12-h incubation. This event was associated with a lowered expression of β2 integrin molecules, resulting in altered PMN function. Treatment with groups A and B autoAb reduced adhesiveness and respiratory burst. This impairment of the responses was more pronounced when the cells originated from donors NA1+NA1+ rather than donors NA2+NA2+. From our observations, the influences of anti-FcγRIIIb autoAb on PMN survival, as well as function and subsequent dysregulation of the inflammatory response, have proven somewhat dependent on their target antigens, as determined by IIF coupled with ELISA and FcγRIIIb polymorphism.
Pressure sensor realized with polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber-based Sagnac interferometer (2008)

A novel intrinsic fiber optic pressure sensor realized with a polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber (PM-PCF) based Sagnac interferometer is proposed and demonstrated experimentally. A large wavelength-pressure coefficient of 3.42 nm/MPa was measured using a 58.4 cm long PM-PCF as the sensing element. Owing to the inherently low bending loss and thermal dependence of the PM-PCF, the proposed pressure sensor is very compact and exhibits low temperature sensitivity.