gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exploration of the Therapeutic Potential of the Antiestrogen RU 58668 in Breast Cancer Treatment (1995)

The recently described pure antiestrogen RU 58668 displayed potent antiproliferative activities in vitro on several ER+ human mammary cell lines, stimulated either by estradiol or by endogenous or exogenous growth factors. Moreover, when administered to nude mice it proved to be the only antiestrogen to induce regression (at least 10 weeks) of estradiol-stimulated MCF-7 tumors, whereas tamoxifen only stabilized the tumor volume for 4 to 8 weeks. So the first purpose of this work was to study the effect of RU 58668 for 6 months and to evaluate its activity on tumors which escaped from the tamoxifen treatment. On the other hand, we looked for its effect on models more related to frequently described clinical observations, such as the overexpression of an oncogene or the implication of autocrine or paracrine growth factors. Long-term studies of RU 58668 on the estradiol-stimulated MCF-7 model showed that this compound induced a shrinking of tumor volumes for at least 25 weeks (3 to 6 times longer than the stabilization induced by tamoxifen) and was able to reduce the volume of tumors which escaped from, or even were stimulated by, tamoxifen. On models of spontaneously growing tumors, where the overexpression of an oncogene or the production of growth factors was involved, RU 58668 induced the same tumor shrinking that was previously observed on estradiol- or tamoxifen-stimulated models. Finally, when MCF-7 cells were injected in the uteri, a spontaneous tumor take was observed (in about 80-90% of the animals), leading to a more than twofold increase in uterus weight. This growth is largely stimulated by estradiol and tamoxifen. On this model, histological examination showed that only 30% of the animals receiving RU 58668 displayed tumoral microfoci. These studies suggest that RU 58668 may be used for the treatment of ER+ patients which are primarily resistant to or which escaped from tamoxifen treatment. Its preventive activity on tumor take also suggests its use as an adjuvant to prevent the development of metastases.
Study of diamond films prepared by hot filament chemical vapor deposition (2002)

A systematic study of growth rate and quality of polycrystalline diamond films by synthesized by hybrid hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HF CVD) in dependence on growth conditions is carried out by Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction measurements. Films grown at the substrate temperature of 600/spl deg/C show a good quality in sense of micro-Raman spectroscopy. The X-ray diffraction patterns revealed the change in preferential grain crystallographic orientation from [100] to [111] as a results of increased substrate temperature. The surface features of deposited films varied from rectangularto triangular-like structures. The growth rate increased form 0.42 to 0.58 /spl mu/m/h with increasing temperature form 600 to 900/spl deg/C for positively biased substrate. The growth rate is also dependent on substrate biasing. The influence of hybrid HFCVD method on possible lowering of activation energy down to 2.51 kcal/mol is presented.
Reduced-Intensity Transplantation for Lymphomas Using Haploidentical Related Donors Versus HLA-Matched Sibling Donors: A Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research Analysis (2016)

Haplo-HCT with PT-Cy provides survival outcomes comparable to MSD-HCT, with a significantly lower risk of chronic GVHD.
Contrasting methods for symbolic analysis of biological regulatory networks (2009)

Symbolic dynamics offers a powerful technique to relate the structure and dynamics of complex networks. We contrast the predictions of two methods of symbolic dynamics for the analysis of monotonic networks suggested by models of genetic control systems.
Path Encoding in Segment Routing (2014)

Segment Routing (SR) is emerging as an innovative traffic engineering technique compatible with traditional MPLS data plane. SR relies on label stacking, without requiring a signaling protocol. This greatly simplifies network operations in transit nodes. However, it may introduce scalability issues at the ingress node and packet overhead. Therefore, specific algorithms are required to efficiently compute the label stack for a given path. This study proposes two algorithms for SR label stack computation of strict routes that guarantee minimum label stack depth. Then, SR scalability performance is investigated. Results show that, in most of the cases, SR uses label stacks composed of few labels and introduces a limited packet overhead. However, relevant scalability issues may arise in specific cases, e.g., large planar topologies.
Development of a Nonthrombogenic Collagenous Blood-prosthetic Interface (1980)

Investigations to develop an implantable assist pump for prolonged circulatory support have been impeded by accumulation of friable thrombus on the prosthetic interface, with subsequent embolization. To circumvent this problem, the textured, fibril surface of a polyurethane pump chamber (mat thickness 430 microns) was inoculated with cultured bovine fetal fibroblasts (labelled with thymidine-14C) prior to animal implantation. The pneumatically actuated device (stroke volume 75 ml), maintained a pulsatile blood flow throughout each study. In 20 calf experiments, extending up to 335 days, 30 × 106 fibroblasts (in 50 ml media) derived from a single Holstcin fetus were distributed on the urethane surface (360 ± 50 cells/mm2) by rotation of a sealed device for three hours (12 revolutions/hour). Following connection to the circulation, cell washout was minimal. Resultant biologic linings, examined after animal sacrifice, were densely adherent to the underlying polymer matrix, and varied in thickness from 250 μm–1.5 mm. Microscopically, fibroblasts were identified from the surface to base, accompanied by numerous collagen bundles and abundant ground substance. Amino acid analysis in 10/20 pumps implanted for 31–335 days, revealed 50 ± 5 Hydroxyproline residues/1000 residues (50% collagen) and scant elastin. Donor fibroblasts were identified by radioautography and karyo-typing. Lack of immunologic response in 12 Hereford pump recipients was confirmed by serial fibroblast cytotoxicity assays. In conclusion, an induced collagenous-blood interface permitted prolonged mechanical circulatory support in animals without thromboembolic complications.
Local charge measurement using off-axis electron holography (2016)

A model-independent approach based on Gauss' theorem for measuring the local charge in a specimen from an electron-optical phase image recorded using off-axis electron holography was recently proposed. Here, we show that such a charge measurement is reliable when it is applied to determine the total charge enclosed within an object. However, the situation is more complicated for a partial charge measurement when the integration domain encloses only part of the object. We analyze in detail the effects on charge measurement of the mean inner potential of the object, of the presence of induced charges on nearby supports/electrodes and of noise. We perform calculations for spherical particles and highlight the differences when dealing with other object shapes. Our analysis is tested using numerical simulations and applied to the interpretation of an experimental dataset recorded from a sapphire particle.
Chapitre 2. Territoires et pratiques de la prostitution de rue (1999)

Introduction : la délicate observation du monde de la prostitution Nous ne pensons pas risquer, malgré les craintes d’Anne Van Haecht quant au travail de terrain, et pour reprendre ses termes, de « transformer cette étude en une sorte de guide » (Van Haecht, 1973, p. 30) pour « Lille by night ». Il s’agit de saisir, dans leurs réalités concrètes, les conditions d’exercice de la prostitution, même si beaucoup d’entre elles nous échappent, parce que non dites, ou non dicibles, et non observable...
The Staining Pattern of Collagen Fibrils: Ii. a Comparison With Patterns Computer-Generated From the Amino Acid Sequence (1974)

The known amino acid sequence of the α1 chain of collagen enables the distribution of electric charges along the molecule to be predicted (with the assumptions that the residues, including those in the telopeptides, are uniformly spaced and that the charge distribution in the α2 chain is similar to that in the α1). By summing this distribution for a set of molecules, mutually staggered by p residues, a histogram showing the predicted distribution of charge along a fibril can be generated. Histograms constructed in this way were compared with densitometric tracings taken from electron micrographs of band patterns from collagen fibrils doubly stained with metal-containing cations and anions. This comparison was made for various values of p, and it was extended to histograms artificially smoothed in an attempt to observe histograms and tracings at comparable resolutions. In this way p, which in the fibril is the number of residues per chain contained in the period D, can be deduced from the comparison yielding the “best fit”. An objective measure of “best fit” was obtained by a correlation analysis. This analysis indicates that the number of residues in a period is p = 232.3 ± 0.5 where the error is the standard deviation obtained by statistical means. A rough confirmation of this result was made by visual comparison of a fibril banding pattern with patterns computer-generated from the sequence.
Interplay of Genetic Risk Factors ( CHRNA5 - CHRNA3 - CHRNB4 ) and Cessation Treatments in Smoking Cessation Success (2012)

Smokers with the high-risk haplotype were three times as likely to respond to pharmacologic cessation treatments as were smokers with the low-risk haplotype. The high-risk haplotype increased the risk of cessation failure, and this increased risk was ameliorated by cessation pharmacotherapy. By identifying a high-risk genetic group with heightened response to smoking cessation pharmacotherapy, this work may support the development of personalized cessation treatments.
Stress, Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Immunological Effects Exerted by Benzodiazepines (1998)

Psychoneuroimmunology is a growing scientific field which deals with the mutual interplay between nervous and immune systems. In this framework, many data have demonstrated that cytokines (CKs) derived from the periphery are able to cross the blood brain barrier and act upon the central nervous system (CNS) [e.g., the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPAA)], thus regulating several physiological functions (thermoregulation, sleep, appetite) or damaging the nervous tissue, when released in exaggerated amounts. On the other hand, nervous cells, such as astrocytes and microglial cells also generate proinflammatory CKs which may be detrimental for the CNS. The neuromodulating CK network can be triggered by microorganisms and/or their products (i.e. bacterial endotoxins), but also stressful life events may activate the HPAA, thus affecting the immune system function. This review will place emphasis on some clinical conditions, such as phobia and migraine without aura (MWA), characterized by anxiety disorders. Patients affected by these neuropsychiatric alterations exhibit multiple functional deficits of phagocytes and T lymphocytes which allow penetration of various pathogens into the host. This is also supported by the detection of circulating bacterial endotoxins and the evidence of both spontaneous and induced exaggerated release of proinflammatory CKs in phobic and MWA patients. The possible iatrogenic effects of benzodiazepines (BDZ) on the immune system have been evaluated by in vitro and in vivo studies. In this respect, it emerges that diazepam exerts an inhibitory function on the immune system, while alprazolam behaves as an immunoenhancer. The presence of central and/or peripheral BDZ receptors on immune cells seems to be the key mechanism responsible for the immunomodulation exerted by these drugs.
Antibiotics and antiseptics for venous leg ulcers (2002)

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Intervention). The objectives are as follows: The objective of the review is to determine the effectiveness of topical and systemic antibiotics and antiseptics for the healing of venous ulcers.
Supplementary Figure S1_S4 from Synthetic Lethal Metabolic Targeting of Androgen-Deprived Prostate Cancer Cells with Metformin (2023)

&lt;p&gt;All supplementery figures&lt;/p&gt;
Selection of boron reagents for Suzuki–Miyaura coupling (2013)

Suzuki-Miyaura (SM) cross-coupling is arguably the most widely-applied transition metal catalysed carbon-carbon bond forming reaction to date. Its success originates from a combination of exceptionally mild and functional group tolerant reaction conditions, with a relatively stable, readily prepared and generally environmentally benign organoboron reagent. A variety of such reagents have been developed for the process, with properties that have been tailored for application under specific SM coupling conditions. This review analyses the seven main classes of boron reagent that have been developed. The general physical and chemical properties of each class of reagent are evaluated with special emphasis on the currently understood mechanisms of transmetalation. The methods to prepare each reagent are outlined, followed by example applications in SM coupling.
Planet Four: A Neural Network’s search for polar spring-time fans on Mars (2022)

Dark deposits visible from orbit appear in the Martian south polar region during the springtime. These are thought to form from explosive jets of carbon dioxide gas breaking through the thawing seasonal ice cap, carrying dust and dirt which is then deposited onto the ice as dark ‘blotches’, or blown by the surface winds into streaks or ‘fans’. We investigate machine learning (ML) methods for automatically identifying these seasonal features in High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) satellite imagery. We designed deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) that were trained and tested using the catalog generated by Planet Four, an online citizen science project mapping the south polar seasonal deposits. We validated the CNNs by comparing their results with those of ISODATA (Iterative Self-Organizing Data Analysis Technique) clustering and as expected, the CNNs were significantly better at predicting the results found by Planet Four, in both the area of predicted seasonal deposits and in delineating their boundaries. We found neither the CNNs or ISODATA were suited to predicting the source point and directions of seasonal fans, which is a strength of the citizen science approach. The CNNs showed good agreement with Planet Four in cross-validation metrics and detected some seasonal deposits in the HiRISE images missed in the Planet Four catalog; the total area of seasonal deposits predicted by the CNNs was 27% larger than that of the Planet Four catalog, but this aspect varied considerably on a per-image basis.
Developing Trends in the Intestinal Transplant Waitlist (2014)

The United Network for Organ Sharing database was examined for trends in the intestinal transplant (ITx) waitlist from 1993 to 2012, dividing into listings for isolated ITx versus liver-intestine transplant (L-ITx). Registrants added to the waitlist increased from 59/year in 1993 to 317/year in 2006, then declined to 124/year in 2012; Spline modeling showed a significant change in the trend in 2006, p < 0.001. The largest group of registrants, <1 year of age, determined the trend for the entire population; other pediatric age groups remained stable, adult registrants increased until 2012. The largest proportion of new registrants were for L-ITx, compared to isolated ITx; the change in the trend in 2006 for L-ITx was highly significant, p < 0.001, but not isolated ITx, p = 0.270. New registrants for L-ITx, <1 year of age, had the greatest increase and decrease. New registrants for isolated ITx remained constant in all pediatric age groups. Waitlist mortality increased to a peak around 2002, highest for L-ITx, in patients <1 year of age and adults. Deaths among all pediatric age groups awaiting L-ITx have decreased; adult L-ITx deaths have dropped less dramatically. Improved care of infants with intestinal failure has led to reduced referrals for L-ITx.
Decreased choline acetyltransferase mRNA expression in the nucleus basalis of Meynert in Alzheimer disease: an in situ hybridization study. (1992)

The subnormal choline acetyltransferase (ChoAcTase) activity in the cerebral cortex of patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) is thought to originate from the loss of cholinergic neurons in the nucleus basalis of Meynert (nbM). To examine possible changes in the functional activity of the remaining cholinergic neurons in the nbM of patients with AD, the level of expression of ChoAcTase mRNA was evaluated. A procedure for double-labeling cholinergic neurons to detect ChoAcTase mRNA and the corresponding protein in the same cell was developed, taking advantage of an anti-ChoAcTase antibody and the recently isolated cDNA complementary to a sequence of the human ChoAcTase mRNA. In the study of three controls and four patients with AD, the presence of both ChoAcTase mRNA and protein was observed in the same large neurons in both nbM and putamen. Specificity of in situ hybridization was further supported by the absence of neuronal staining with a sense probe. In AD patients a subnormal level of expression of ChoAcTase mRNA per cholinergic cell was detected in the nbM but not in the putamen. Our data support the hypothesis that expression of ChoAcTase mRNA might be down-regulated in the surviving cholinergic neurons in the nbM of patients with AD, raising the possibility of functional restoration by stimulating ChoAcTase synthesis.
Adjuvant everolimus in patients (Pts) with localized non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC): Subgroup analysis from the Everest trial (SWOG S0931). (2023)

4546 Background: In S0931, adjuvant treatment with the mTOR inhibitor everolimus respectively yielded disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) hazard ratios (HR) of 0.85 (95% CI 0.71-1.00) and 0.90 (95% CI 0.71-1.13) in pts with resected, localized RCC. Previously, everolimus had been shown to be active in chromophobe RCC (chRCC; Tannir et al Eur Urol 2016) and papillary RCC (papRCC; Escudier et al Eur J Cancer 2016). We sought to evaluate the efficacy of everolimus within these non-clear cell subsets of EVEREST. Methods: 1545 adult pts with treatment-naïve, non-metastatic, fully-resected RCC at intermediate high- (pT1 G3-4 N0 to pT3a G1-2 N0) or very high-risk (pT3a G3-4 to pT4 G-any or N+) for recurrence were randomized 1:1 to 54 weeks of everolimus 10 mg PO daily or placebo within 12 weeks of radical or partial nephrectomy. Exploratory analyses of RFS and OS chromophobe and papillary subgroups were performed. Results: A total of 99 eligible pts had chRCC; 109 had papRCC (16 type I; 37 type II; 56 NOS). Median follow-up is 6.3 years. Pt characteristics were balanced between the 2 arms in each histological group. Thirty-four (34%) pts in the chRCC subgroup and 50 (46%) pts in the papRCC subgroup had very high-risk disease. Fewer pts completed all 54 weeks of everolimus in each subgroup compared to placebo (49% vs. 74% in the ChRCC subgroup and 46% vs. 71% in the papillary subgroup). DFS and OS for each subgroup are shown. Conclusions: Non-clear cell histology accounted for a considerable proportion (~13%) of S0931 pts. The estimated everolimus HRs for DFS and OS in the chRCC subset are consistent with the overall trial result, but those same modest HRs were not seen in papRCC, in contrast to prior reports of mTOR inhibitor activity in this subtype. Although inferences are limited by sample size and wide CIs, this is the largest experience in chRCC or papRCC among any adjuvant trials presented to date. Clinical trial information: NCT01120249 . [Table: see text]
Characterization of Two Monoclonal Antibodies in an Immunohistochemical Study of Keratin 8 and 18 Expression (1988)

Two monoclonal antibodies, UCD/AB 6.11 and UCD/PR 10.11, were evaluated for their patterns of immunohistochemical reactivity in a survey of paraffin-embedded human tissues by the avidin-biotin-immunoperoxidase technique. By two-dimensional immunoblotting, UCD/AB 6.11 reacts with keratin number 18 and UCD/PR 10.11 identifies both keratin numbers 8 and 18, the major keratins found in human simple epithelial cells. Both antibodies have excellent signal-to-noise ratios, and specifically react with simple epithelia, transitional epithelia, mesothelia and tumors derived from such tissues, making them superior immunological reagents. They do not react with neural, muscle, hematopoietic, connective or most epidermal tissues. However, within a given tissue or cell type, differences in the distributions of the antigens recognized by these two antibodies can be observed, raising the possibility of differential expression, modification, or masking of the keratin epitopes revealed by UCD/AB 6.11 and UCD/PR 10.11.
Effect of Fluid Dynamics on Particle Size Distribution in Particulate Processes (2006)

Abstract The final product quality of crystallization and precipitation processes is often determined by the interplay between mixing and relevant phenomena such as, nucleation, molecular growth, aggregation and breakage. In this work the attention is focused on the aggregation and breakage processes and on the level of details needed to accurately describe them. Different modeling approaches are tested and compared for two different shear devices: a Taylor‐Couette cell and a stirred tank. Results show that when aggregation and breakage processes are much slower than mixing a simplified homogeneous model can be used whereas when aggregation and breakage occur on a time‐scale comparable with that of mixing then a detailed approach based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is needed. The very common lumped model, used to derive kinetic expressions for aggregation and breakage rates, can eventually lead to serious errors.
Microanalysis in the EM 902: Tests on a new TEM for ESI and EELS (1984)

One important goal in biological and medical research as well as in material sciences is the microanalysis of specimens, i. e. the determination of the spatial distribution and concentration of relevant atomic elements, such as Ca, P, S, N, O, Al, Fe, Ti or Mg ideally over every point in the image in relation to the underlying matrix. Microanalysis has generally been carried out in a probe forming or scanning system by spot analysis using EDX or EELS. Elemental mapping is however more efficacious in a spectrometer that filters entire images in parallel. For energy loss electrons several such systems have been built experimentally (1-7), but inspite of results which have indicated a sensitivity of detection as good as 2 x 10 -21 g and a spatial resolution in analysis of about 0.5 nm, applications in biology and material sciences (2,7 - 9) no commercial EM with an integrated imaging spectrometer is available today.
Phase-to-amplitude modulation conversion using Brillouin selective sideband amplification (1998)

We demonstrate an effective method for converting a phase modulated signal to an amplitude modulated signal by employing the powerful Brillouin selective sideband amplification technique. We further demonstrate several applications of this technique in various photonic systems, including microwave frequency multiplication, photonic microwave signal mixing with gain, microwave harmonic signal up-conversion, and coherent heterodyne signal detection.