gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A meshless hierarchical representation for light transport (2008)

We introduce a meshless hierarchical representation for solving light transport problems. Precomputed radiance transfer (PRT) and finite elements require a discrete representation of illumination over the scene. Non-hierarchical approaches such as per-vertex values are simple to implement, but lead to long precomputation. Hierarchical bases like wavelets lead to dramatic acceleration, but in their basic form they work well only on flat or smooth surfaces. We introduce a hierarchical function basis induced by scattered data approximation. It is decoupled from the geometric representation, allowing the hierarchical representation of illumination on complex objects. We present simple data structures and algorithms for constructing and evaluating the basis functions. Due to its hierarchical nature, our representation adapts to the complexity of the illumination, and can be queried at different scales. We demonstrate the power of the new basis in a novel precomputed direct-to-indirect light transport algorithm that greatly increases the complexity of scenes that can be handled by PRT approaches.
Film Thickness Dependence of Ferroelectric Properties of (111)-Oriented Epitaxial Bi(Mg1/2Ti1/2)O3 Films (2012)

The origin of the ferroelectricity of Bi(Mg 1/2 Ti 1/2 )O 3 films was investigated. Epitaxial Bi(Mg 1/2 Ti 1/2 )O 3 films with film thicknesses of 50 to 800 nm were grown on (111) c SrRuO 3 /(111)SrTiO 3 substrates by pulsed laser deposition. A Bi(Mg 1/2 Ti 1/2 )O 3 film was not strongly clamped from the substrate and identified to have rhombohedral symmetry with a = 0.398 nm and α= 89.8°, which was independent of film thickness within 100 to 800 nm. The relative dielectric constant, remanent polarization, and coercive field of the Bi(Mg 1/2 Ti 1/2 )O 3 films at room temperature were almost constant at about 250, 60 µC/cm 2 , and 240 kV/cm, respectively, for film thicknesses above 200 nm. These data suggest that Bi(Mg 1/2 Ti 1/2 )O 3 films are ferroelectric.
New imidazole‐based dimers as potential inhibitors for mild steel corrosion in acidic media: Electrochemical and DFT evaluation (2019)

Abstract We report the synthesis and corrosion inhibition performance of two imidazole‐based materials, 1,1′‐(4‐methyl‐1,3‐phenylene)bis(3‐(3‐(1 H ‐imidazol‐1‐yl)propyl)urea) (PIP) and 1,1′‐(hexane‐1,6‐diyl)bis(3‐(3‐(1 H ‐imidazol‐1‐yl)propyl)urea) (HIP) dimers, in 1.0 M HCl. Electrochemical assessments indicated that the synthesized dimers facilitated the formation of a protective layer at the metal‐electrolyte interface and, as a result, blocked the active corrosion sites. At a concentration of 100 ppm, PIP behaved as a potential mixed‐type anticorrosive material with an overall efficiency of 99%. Density functional theory calculations showed that the aromaticity existing in the PIP backbone plays a major role in facilitating the corrosion‐inhibition role.
Epicyclic Gear Transmission Error - The Importance of Controlling Tolerances (2007)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;It is well known that the spacing of planets in an epicyclic gear set is an important “macro” design feature that is used to balance planet load sharing, increase gear life and reduce gear whine.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;What is less understood is how the manufacturing tolerance of the position of the planet pins within the carrier, a “micro” phenomenon, affects the gear whine.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper describes an analysis technique that can predict system level behaviour and shows that the inherent variability in the manufacturing processes has a very significant effect on the TE and thus generated gear whine.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The manufacturing variability causes radial, circumferential and tilt displacements of planet gears - these phenomenon are all investigated.&lt;/div&gt;
Multichamber processor for small semiconductor laboratories - the first results (1994)

At the University of Turku in the Laboratory of Electronics and Information Technology a microcomputer controlled compact multichamber processor for semiconductor wafer processing has been designed and built. Several different processes like various chemical vapor depositions (CVD), plasma etching and sputtering can be carried out. At the moment the research processor contains two reactors for 150 mm silicon wafers and a third one for sputtering is under construction. The dimensions of the processor including gas cabinets and UHV pumping equipment are about (L × H × W) 4 × 1.2 × 1m3. The objectives of this system are to minimize the need of clean room space without compromising the clean process conditions and to provide the means for laboratory scale integrated circuit fabrication. For now this system can be used for processing CVD oxidation, both epitaxial and polysilicon growth and plasma etching. In the CVD reactor we have grown e.g. silicon homoepitaxial layers of good quality at low pressure and temperature (0.5-200 Pa, 650-750°C) at the growth rate of about 5 nm/min.
Drug Formulation and Nanomedicine Approaches to Targeting Lymphatic Cancer Metastases (2019)

Lymphatic metastasis plays an important role in cancer progression and prognosis. However, conventional small-molecule chemotherapy drugs inefficiently access the lymphatic system, making the effective eradication of lymphatic metastases difficult without dose-limiting toxicity. Various formulation and nanomedicine-based approaches can be used to significantly enhance the trafficking of small-molecule, peptide and protein drugs toward the lymphatic system to enhance drug exposure at sites of lymphatic cancer growth. However, a number of obstacles exist in translating improved lymphatic exposure into improved chemotherapeutic outcomes. This review highlights the opportunities and challenges inherent in employing formulation and nanomedicinal approaches to improve chemotherapeutic drug activity within the lymphatic system and, importantly, at sites of lymphatic cancer metastasis.
Terahertz emission from charge transport in inhomogeneous fields (2008)

We study terahertz emission due to charge transport in inhomogeneous fields of semiconductor devices. The dependence on the applied field unveils individual constituents such as intervalley transfer of electrons and the contribution of hole transport.
Supplementary Table S2 from Safety and Efficacy of Tucatinib, Letrozole, and Palbociclib in Patients with Previously Treated HR+/HER2+ Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Serious adverse events&lt;/p&gt;
MIPI 2022 Challenge on RGBW Sensor Re-mosaic: Dataset and Report (2022)

Developing and integrating advanced image sensors with novel algorithms in camera systems are prevalent with the increasing demand for computational photography and imaging on mobile platforms. However, the lack of high-quality data for research and the rare opportunity for in-depth exchange of views from industry and academia constrain the development of mobile intelligent photography and imaging (MIPI). To bridge the gap, we introduce the first MIPI challenge including five tracks focusing on novel image sensors and imaging algorithms. In this paper, RGBW Joint Remosaic and Denoise, one of the five tracks, working on the interpolation of RGBW CFA to Bayer at full resolution, is introduced. The participants were provided with a new dataset including 70 (training) and 15 (validation) scenes of high-quality RGBW and Bayer pairs. In addition, for each scene, RGBW of different noise levels was provided at 0dB, 24dB, and 42dB. All the data were captured using an RGBW sensor in both outdoor and indoor conditions. The final results are evaluated using objective metrics including PSNR, SSIM, LPIPS, and KLD. A detailed description of all models developed in this challenge is provided in this paper. More details of this challenge and the link to the dataset can be found at https://github.com/mipi-challenge/MIPI2022.
Use of capsular tension ring in phacoemulsification. Indications and technique. (2002)

The capsular tension ring (CTR) was originally introduced to reinforce the zonule in eyes with zonular dehiscence and to prevent capsular phimosis in eyes at risk for postoperative capsular shrinkage. Since then, other designs and applications have been developed and described. Modified CTRs with shields can be used in eyes with iris coloboma. A CTR with loops is intended for scleral fixation. Studies are underway to determine if the presence of the CTR helps avoid or limit capsular opacification. A number of different insertion techniques with the aid of manipulators, injectors and traction sutures have been described. We have developed a technique that is particularly effective in cases of zonular dehiscence due to its low solicitation to the damaged bag.
Snapshot Versions of Life (2008)

Snapshot Versions of Life is an important foray into the culture of photography and home life from an anthropologist's perspective. Examining what he calls 'Home Mode' photography, Richard Chalfen explores snapshots, slide shows, family albums, home movies, and home videos, uncovering what people do with their photos as well as what their personal photos do for them.Chalfen's 'Polaroid People' are recognizable - if ironically viewed - relatives, uncles, aunts, and All-American kids. As members of 'Kodak Culture' they watch home movies, take pictures of newborn babies, and even, in their darker moments, scratch out the faces of disliked relatives in group photographs. He examines who shoots these photos and why, as well as how they think (or don't) of planning, editing, and exhibiting their shots. Chalfen's analysis reveals the culturally structured behavior underlying seemingly spontaneous photographic activities.
DISC-0974, a Novel, First-in-Class, Anti-Hemojuvelin Monoclonal Antibody Is Predicted to be Efficacious at Low Doses in Humans As Determined By Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) Modeling in Non-Clinical Studies (2020)

DISC-0974 is a humanized monoclonal anti-HJV antibody with high binding affinity for human, rat and cynomolgus monkey HJV (100 pM, 240 pM and 110 pM Kd, respectively) [Kovac 2016]. DISC-0974 inhibits the interaction between HJV and the key hepcidin regulatory ligands, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), leading to decreased SMAD phosphorylation (SMAD-P) and reduced hepcidin expression [Kovak 2016]. Elevated hepcidin is a hallmark of and plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of anemia of inflammation (and other forms of anemia) by reducing transferrin saturation and erythroid iron availability, leading to failure of erythropoiesis and decreased hemoglobin synthesis. DISC-0974 is being developed to reduce hepcidin synthesis and treat anemia in these patients. A critical early signal of therapeutic effect is the effect of DISC-0974 on transferrin saturation (TSAT). TSAT has therefore been used as the primary pharmacodynamic marker in a series of non-clinical studies to determine the relationship between drug exposure and pharmacological activity. In non-human primates (NHP) DISC-0974 elicits a dose-dependent reduction in hepcidin levels leading to increases in serum iron and consequently TSAT. PK/PD responses were examined over 60 days for a single 6 mg/kg intravenous dose of DISC-0974 in three male NHPs and in repeat dose studies occurring at 14 day intervals administered 3 times (vehicle, 0.6 and 3 mg/kg) or two times (60 mg/kg). In these studies, the serum iron response saturated in an exposure-dependent manner over the 0.6-60 mg/kg dose range. The onset of iron elevation lagged compared to the DISC-0974 maximal plasma concentrations by 1- 4 days post dose and persisted beyond what could be predicted by DISC-0974 plasma concentration alone. The observed PD responses were well-described by a delayed response PK/PD model of serum iron which was fit globally to all studies. We will present single and multiple dose simulations showing that low monthly doses of DISC-0974 are sufficient to elicit a biologically significant and controlled PD modulation (serum iron, TSAT, hepcidin) over a sustained period-of-time (Figure 1). DISC-0974 is under development for the treatment of anemia of inflammation associated with high hepcidin. Disclosures Blaustein: Disc Medicine:Current Employment, Current equity holder in private company.King:Disc Medicine:Current Employment, Current equity holder in private company.Nguyen:Disc Medicine:Current Employment, Current equity holder in private company.Savage:Disc Medicine:Current Employment, Current equity holder in private company.Beconi:Disc Medicine:Current Employment, Current equity holder in private company.
Thermal Decomposition Model and Its Reaction Kinetic Parameters for Coal Smoldering with the Use of TG Tests in Oxygen-depleted Air (2019)

Smoldering of coal is a considerable source of danger in coal mines because it can lead to a gas explosion, which can cause heavy casualties. This work investigated the apparent smoldering reaction model of coal and its kinetic parameters, which are needed to study smoldering fire in a closed fire area of a coal mine. A series of thermogravimetric tests at different oxygen concentrations were performed, and the change in the pyrolysis and oxidation reaction with the oxygen concentration was analyzed. It is concluded that the apparent reaction model of smoldering coal should include a three-step pyrolysis reaction (i.e., drying, depolymerization, and polycondensation) and a five-step oxidation reaction (i.e., oxidation of coal, semi-coke, and three types of char). A genetic algorithm is used to identify the optimal kinetic parameters of the smoldering reaction. It is determined that in atmospheres with different oxygen concentrations, coal has different kinetic parameters. When studying smoldering fire in a closed fire area of a coal mine, it is suggested to adopt the kinetic parameters of the smoldering reaction in a 1% oxygen concentration atmosphere.
Dynamic DRX algorithms for reduced energy consumption and delay in LTE networks (2014)

The Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard specifies the Discontinuous Reception Mechanism (DRX) mechanism for saving power at the User Equipment (UE). Here, a UE switches off its RF circuitry when there are no packets to be transmitted or received. The existing DRX algorithms use static operational parameters that are determined by the evolved nodeB (eNB) at the start of a UE's session. During the switch-off period, packets destined to the UE are buffered in the eNB leading to higher packet latency. This paper presents two adaptive algorithms to dynamically adjust the DRX parameters, in order to reduce both energy consumption and the extra delay incurred. The algorithms use application Quality-of-Service (QoS) and Channel Quality Information (CQI) to adjust the DRX parameters. Performance studies based on ns3 simulator show that the algorithms are able to reduce packet delay compared to static DRX by up to 60%, 60% and 75% and reduce energy consumption by up to 75%, 43% and 90% for video streaming, VoIP and bursty data applications respectively.
Characterization of a Novel Membrane Glycoprotein Involved in Platelet Activation (1989)

When platelets bind certain specific ligands they are induced to secrete the contents of their cytoplasmic granules and to aggregate. Studies of the molecular events accompanying this vital physiological response have led to a greater understanding of cell activation in general since the pathways involved are common to a number of cell types. By contrast most of the information about the cell surface molecules that initiate signal transduction has emerged from work on T lymphocyte activation, a process essential to the initiation of the immune response. We have described an activation antigen on T lymphocytes that is involved in the differentiation of these cells. In the present report it is demonstrated that the antigen is expressed on the platelet membrane with about 1,200 copies/platelet. A monoclonal antibody detecting this antigen stimulates platelet secretion and aggregation with a half-maximal response at approximately 10(-8) M. Characterization of the antigen, termed PTA1, reveals a glycoprotein of Mr 67,000 showing extensive N-linked carbohydrate, much of which appears to be heavily sialated. The amino-terminal sequence of PTA1, EEVLWHTSVPFAEXMSLEXVYPSM, indicates that the protein has not previously been characterized. Preliminary investigation of the mechanism by which PTA1 mediates platelet activation suggests involvement of protein kinase C and the 47-kDa protein of platelets is rapidly phosphorylated upon antibody-mediated activation. During this process PTA1 is also phosphorylated, as it is following platelet activation by the other agonists, collagen, thrombin, and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate. These results provide the first example of a cell surface glycoprotein that is directly involved in both platelet and T lymphocyte activation.
Approximations in diagnosis: motivations and techniques (1995)

We argue that diagnosis should not be seen as solving a problem with a unique definition, but rather that there exists a whole space of reasonable notions of diagnosis. These notions can be seen as mutual approximations. We present a number of reasons for choosing among different notions of diagnosis. We also present an exhaustive categorisation of techniques that can be employed to obtain approximations, as well as a number of specific example techniques for each category. We also show that it is possible to characterise the relations between the approximations obtained by these techniques. 1 Introduction The AI literature contains many definitions for diagnostic reasoning. Implicitly or explicitly, these papers make many assumptions about the kind of knowledge that is assumed to be available, and the kind of properties that a diagnosis is supposed to satisfy. Tacitly these papers claim that if these assumptions are satisfied, they present the appropriate definition of diagnosis. Ho...
Comparison of carcinogenicity predictions by the Oncologic expert system with NTP 2-year rodent study tumorigenicity results (2018)

The degree of correlation between tumors predicted by OncoLogic™ (Oncologic) and the actual formation of tumors as observed in the National Toxicology Program (NTP) 2-year rodent studies is lower for “justification reports” that incorporate historical data than for “data reports” that do not. The correlation between the ordinal ranking of the observed carcinogenicity of parent NTP chemicals and the predicted “level of carcinogenicity concern” from the justification reports obtained from Oncologic is poor ( r = 0.56). Similarly, the correlation between the ordinal ranking of the carcinogenicity of metabolites from parent NTP chemicals and the predicted “level of carcinogenicity concern” from the justification report obtained from Oncologic is also poor ( r = 0.43). In contrast, the correlation between the ordinal ranking of the observed carcinogenicity of parent NTP chemicals and the predicted level of carcinogenicity concern from the data reports obtained from Oncologic is comparatively better ( r = 0.75). The correlation between the ordinal ranking of the carcinogenicity of metabolites from parent NTP chemicals and the predicted “level of carcinogenicity concern” from the data reports generated from Oncologic is also comparatively good ( r = 0.68). The level of correlation between the ordinal tumorigenicity ranks of parent chemicals and between the ordinal tumorigenicity ranks of chemicals reported to induce liver tumors in the National Center for Toxicological Research liver cancer database was also investigated. There was a higher degree of correlation seen for Oncologic “data reports” as compared with Oncologic “justification reports.” Incorporation of additional information via “justification reports” weakens the predictive power of Oncologic.
LACK OF ANTIDEPRESSANT EFFECTS OF MECAMYLAMINE IN AN ANIMAL MODEL OF DEPRESSION (2006)

Wistar‐Kyoto (WKY) rats are considered a suitable animal model of depression as they show exaggerated immobility in the forced swim test (FST) compared to their control the Wistar rats. Nicotine may act as an antidepressant or as an enhancer of the depressive characteristics of WKY rats depending on the testing paradigm. Thus, when the FST is carried out 16–18 hours after the last nicotine injection (7 day treatment), a reduction in the immobility is observed. However, if the test is carried out 15 min after the last nicotine dose there is an increase in immobility of WKY rats in the FST. It has been suggested that the antidepressant effects of nicotine may be due to desensitization or inactivation of the nicotinic receptors. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated the effects of chronic mecamylamine, a non‐competitive and non‐selective nicotinic receptor antagonist, alone or prior to nicotine administration in adult female WKY rats. Mecamylamine (0.1– 1.0 mg/kg, IP) administered once daily for 7 days did not have any effect on immobility of the WKY rats in the FST. However, daily administration of mecamylamine (0.8 mg/kg) prior to daily administration of nicotine (0.4 mg/kg) completely blocked the antidepressant effects of nicotine. These findings suggest that it is unlikely that the antidepressant effects of nicotine are due to desensitization or inactivation of central nicotinic receptors. Hence, selective nicotinic agonists may be of therapeutic potential in treatment of at least some depressive disorders. (Supported by NIH/NIGMS 2SO6 GM08016‐34)
Electromechanical Signatures for DNA Sequencing through a Mechanosensitive Nanopore (2015)

Biological nanopores have been extensively used for DNA base detection since these pores are widely available and tunable through mutations. Distinguishing bases of nucleic acids by passing them through nanopores has so far primarily relied on electrical signals-specifically, ionic currents through the nanopores. However, the low signal-to-noise ratio makes detection of ionic currents difficult. In this study, we show that the initially closed mechanosensitive channel of large conductance (MscL) protein pore opens for single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) translocation under an applied electric field. As each nucleotide translocates through the pore, a unique mechanical signal is observed-specifically, the tension in the membrane containing the MscL pore is different for each nucleotide. In addition to the membrane tension, we found that the ionic current is also different for the four nucleotide types. The initially closed MscL adapts its opening for nucleotide translocation due to the flexibility of the pore. This unique operation of MscL provides single nucleotide resolution in both electrical and mechanical signals. Finally, we also show that the speed of DNA translocation is roughly 1 order of magnitude slower in MscL compared to Mycobacterium smegmatis porin A (MspA), suggesting MscL to be an attractive protein pore for DNA sequencing.
Thioaryl Naphthylmethanone Oxime Ether Analogs as Novel Anticancer Agents (2014)

Employing a rational design of thioaryl naphthylmethanone oxime ether analogs containing functional properties of various anticancer drugs, a series of compounds were identified that displayed potent cytotoxicity toward various cancer cells, out of which 4-(methylthio)phenyl)(naphthalen-1-yl)methanone O-2-(diethylamino)ethyl oxime (MND) exhibited the best safety profile. MND induced apoptosis, inhibited migration and invasion, strongly inhibited cancer stem cell population on a par with salinomycin, and demonstrated orally potent tumor regression in mouse MCF-7 xenografts. Mechanistic studies revealed that MND strongly abrogated EGF-induced proliferation, migration, and tyrosine kinase (TK) signaling in breast cancer cells. However, MND failed to directly inhibit EGFR or other related receptor TKs in a cell-free system. Systematic investigation of a putative target upstream of EGFR revealed that the biological effects of MND could be abrogated by pertussis toxin. Together, MND represents a new nonquinazoline potential drug candidate having promising antiproliferative activity with good safety index.