gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
990 The Association of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: A Nationwide Inpatient Sample Analysis (2019)

INTRODUCTION: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been suggested to be a potential contributing factor for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The oxidative stress caused by chronic intermittent hypoxia is known to play a vital role in the pathogenesis of NASH. There is conflicting data in the literature regarding the association of OSA and NASH. The primary purpose of this study was to determine the association of OSA and NASH from a large national inpatient sample database. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis using the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project-Nationwide Inpatient Sample (HCUP-NIS). NASH patients were identified by ICD-10-CM code K75.81. Non-NASH patients (control) were randomly selected and matched to each NASH patient 4:1 by age and gender. Weighted logistic regression models were used to calculate the association between OSA and NASH for different comorbidities. RESULTS: A total of 54,169 patients were included in our analysis, 10,740 cases of NASH were matched to 43,429 controls (non-NASH). NASH was significantly higher in the white population (82.12% vs. 76.64%, P &lt; 0.001). The prevalence of NASH among OSA patients was significantly higher compared to the non-OSA group (15.8% vs. 8.9%; adjusted OR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.14–1.56, P = 0.0003). Celiac disease and Crohn’s disease were significantly higher in patients with NASH (0.7% vs. 0.2%, P &lt; 0.0002 and 1.28% vs. 0.76%, P &lt; 0.0001). Multiple comorbidities were significantly elevated in the NASH group compared to the non-NASH group including diabetes mellitus (36.0% vs. 17.6%, P &lt; 0.0001), obesity (36.4% vs. 18.2%, P &lt; 0.0001) and metabolic syndrome (0.86% vs. 0.06%, P &lt; 0.0001). Mortality rate was significantly higher in the NASH group (3.8% vs. 2.0%, P &lt; 0.0001). CONCLUSION: This is the first study using ICD-10-CM code with a specific search code for NASH. Our large population database results emphasize that there is a significant association between OSA and NASH. This important association should prompt physicians to evaluate for the presence of NASH in OSA patients. Additional studies are needed to evaluate this association and the effect of OSA treatment on NASH.
Management of Cancer in the Older Person: A Practical Approach (2000)

The management of cancer in the older aged person is an increasingly common problem. The questions arising from this problem are: Is the patient going to die with cancer or of cancer? Is the patient able to tolerate the stress of antineoplastic therapy? Is the treatment producing more benefits than harm? This article explores a practical, albeit evolving, approach to these questions including a multidimensional assessment of the older person and simple pharmacologic interventions that may ameliorate the toxicity of antineoplastic agents. Age may be construed as a progressive loss of stress tolerance, due to decline in functional reserve of multiple organ systems, high prevalence of comorbid conditions, limited socioeconomic support, reduced cognition, and higher prevalence of depression. Aging is highly individualized: chronologic age may not reflect the functional reserve and life expectancy of an individual. A comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) best accounts for the diversities in the geriatric population. The advantages of the CGA include:Recognition of potentially treatable conditions such as depression or malnutrition, that may lessen the tolerance of cancer treatment and be reversed with proper intervention; Assessment of individual functional reserve; Gross estimate of individual life expectancy; and Adoption of a common language to classify older cancer patients. The CGA allows the practitioner to recognize at least three stages of aging:People who are functionally independent and without comorbidity, who are candidates for any form of standard cancer treatment, with the possible exception of bone marrow transplant. People who are frail (dependence in one or more activities of daily living, three or more comorbid conditions, one or more geriatric syndromes), who are a candidate only for palliative treatment; and People in between, who may benefit from some special pharmacological approach, such as reduction in the initial dose of chemotherapy with subsequent does escalations. The pharmacological changes of age include decreased renal excretion of drugs and increased susceptibility to myelosuppression, mucositis, cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity. Based on these findings, the proposal was made that all persons aged 70 and older, treated with cytotoxic chemotherapy of dose intensity comparable to CHOP, receive prophylactic growth factor treatment, and that the hemoglobin of these patients be maintained >/=12 gm/dl.
Focal ischemia enhances choline output and decreases acetylcholine output from rat cerebral cortex. (1989)

Choline concentration is rate limiting in the synthesis of acetylcholine. There is a negative arteriovenous difference for choline concentration across the brain, indicating the steady output of choline from this organ. Cerebral ischemia may increase extracellular choline concentration by interfering with its removal by the circulation and by enhancing its net production from phospholipids. We tested this hypothesis in six rats subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion. We determined choline and acetylcholine output from the ischemic cerebral cortex by analyzing their concentrations in the fluid contained in cortical cups by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Mean +/- SEM choline output over 40 minutes before ischemia (baseline value) was 31.1 +/- 1.6 pmol/min/cm2. During ischemia, mean +/- SEM choline output rose to 100.8 +/- 13, 97.3 +/- 12.7, 100 +/- 22.4, and 93.1 +/- 16.9 pmol/min/cm2 in four consecutive 10-minute periods, respectively. Mean +/- SEM acetylcholine output was 15.6 +/- 1.1 before and 5.9 +/- 1.2, 8.3 +/- 2.6, 8.6 +/- 2.1, and 13.7 +/- 4.6 pmol/min/cm2 in the four 10-minute collection periods during ischemia. All four choline values and the first acetylcholine value during ischemia were significantly different from their respective baseline values. We conclude that ischemia induces an increase in extracellular choline concentration with possible implications for acetylcholine metabolism. The attending transient decline in acetylcholine output may be due to impaired release due to local hypoxia or to decreased acetylcholine synthesis.
Effects of low pH on influenza virus. Activation and inactivation of the membrane fusion capacity of the hemagglutinin. (1987)

The hemagglutinin of influenza virus undergoes a conformational change at low pH, which results in exposure of a hydrophobic segment of the molecule, crucial to expression of viral fusion activity. We have studied the effects of incubation of the virus at low pH either at 37 or 0 degrees C. Treatment of the virus alone at pH 5.0 induces the virus particles to become hydrophobic, as assessed by measuring the binding of zwitterionic liposomes to the virus. At 37 degrees C this hydrophobicity is transient, electron microscopic examination of the virus reveals a highly disorganized spike layer, and fusion activity toward ganglioside-containing zwitterionic liposomes, measured at 37 degrees C with a kinetic fluorescence assay, is irreversibly lost. By contrast, after preincubation of the virus alone at pH 5.0 and 0 degrees C fusion activity remains unaffected. Yet, the preincubation at 0 degrees C does result in exposure of the hydrophobic segment of hemagglutinin, but now hydrophobicity is sustained and viral spike morphology unaltered. Hydrophobicity also remains to a significant extent upon pH neutralization, but fusion activity is negligible under these conditions. It is concluded that for optimal expression of fusion activity the virus must be bound to the target membrane before exposure to low pH. Furthermore, even after exposure of the hydrophobic segment of hemagglutinin, fusion occurs only at low pH. Finally, fusion occurs only at elevated temperature, possibly reflecting the unfolding of hemagglutinin trimers or the cooperative action of several hemagglutinin trimers in the reaction.
Early skeletal muscle pathology and disease progress in the dy3K/dy3K mouse model of congenital muscular dystrophy with laminin α2 chain-deficiency (2019)

Deficiency of laminin α2 chain leads to a severe form of congenital muscular dystrophy (LAMA2-CMD), and dystrophic symptoms progress rapidly in early childhood. Currently, there is no treatment for this detrimental disorder. Development of therapies is largely hindered by lack of understanding of mechanisms involved in the disease initiation and progress, both in patients but also in mouse models that are commonly used in the preclinical setup. Here, we unveil the first pathogenic events and characterise the disease development in a mouse model for LAMA2-CMD (dy<sup>3K</sup>/dy<sup>3K</sup>), by analysing muscles at perinatal, neonatal and postnatal stages. We found that apoptotic muscle fibres were present as early as postnatal day 1. Other typical dystrophic hallmarks (muscle degeneration, inflammation, and extensive production of the extracellular matrix proteins) were clearly evident already at postnatal day 4, and the highest degree of muscle deterioration was reached by day 7. Interestingly, the severe phenotype of limb muscles partially recovered on days 14 and 21, despite worsening of the general condition of the dy<sup>3K</sup>/dy<sup>3K</sup> mouse by that age. We found that masticatory muscles were severely affected in dy<sup>3K</sup>/dy<sup>3K</sup> mice and this may be an underlying cause of their malnutrition, which contributes to death around day 21. We also showed that several signalling pathways were affected already in 1-day-old dy<sup>3K</sup>/dy<sup>3K</sup> muscle. Therapeutic tests in the dy<sup>3K</sup>/dy<sup>3K</sup> mouse model should therefore be initiated shortly after birth, but should also take into account timing and correlation between regenerative and pathogenic events.
PharmaChain: A Blockchain to Ensure Counterfeit Free Pharmaceutical Supply Chain (2022)

Access to essential medication is a primary right of every individual in all developed, developing and underdeveloped countries. This can be fulfilled by pharmaceutical supply chains (PSC) in place which will eliminate the boundaries between different organizations and will equip them to work collectively to make medicines reach even the remote corners of the globe. Due to multiple entities, which are geographically widespread, being involved and very complex goods and economic flows, PSC is very difficult to audit and resolve any issues involved. This has given rise to many issues, including increased threats of counterfeiting, inaccurate information propagation throughout the network because of data fragmentation, lack of customer confidence and delays in distribution of medication to the place in need. Hence, there is a strong need for robust PSC which is transparent to all parties involved and in which the whole journey of medicine from manufacturer to consumer can be tracked and traced easily. This will not only build safety for the consumers, but will also help manufacturers to build confidence among consumers and increase sales. In this article, a novel Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) based transparent supply chain architecture is proposed and a proof-of-concept is implemented. Efficiency and scalability of the proposed architecture is evaluated and compared with existing solutions.
The plantaris tendon in association with mid-portion Achilles tendinosis: tendinosis-like morphological features and presence of a non-neuronal cholinergic system. (2013)

The plantaris tendon is often neglected in morphological/clinical studies on the lower extremity. There is, however, clinical evidence that the plantaris tendon is involved in cases with Achilles midportion tendinopathy/tendinosis. It is nevertheless unclear if the plantaris tendon exhibits tendinosis-like features in this situation. We therefore investigated the plantaris tendon of patients with midportion Achilles tendinosis when the plantaris tendon was found to be located very close to or invaginated into the Achilles tendon, a situation which very often has been found to be the case. There was a very large number of tenocytes in the tendon tissue and the tenocytes showed abnormal and irregular appearances, exhibiting widened/rounded and wavy appearances, and were frequently lined up in rows. These features are characteristic features in Achilles tendinosis tendons. The tendon cells showed a distinct immunoreaction for the acetylcholine (ACh) -producing enzyme choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). Frequent fibroblasts were found in the loose connective tissue and these cells also showed a marked ChAT immunoreaction. The study shows that the plantaris tendon is morphologically affected in a similar way to the Achilles tendon in cases with midportion Achilles tendinosis and medial pain. The plantaris tendon may accordingly be a co-factor in these cases. The results also favour that there is a local ACh production both within the tendon tissue of the plantaris tendon and in the loose connective tissue. In conclusion, it is evident that plantaris tendons lying invaginated into or very close to the Achilles tendon in cases with midportion Achilles tendinosis show similar tendinosis features, as previously shown for the Achilles tendon itself in these cases.
Kajian Potensi Sumberdaya Lahan Untuk Pengembangan Tanaman Hortikultura Di Kecamatan Manggis Kabupaten Karangasem (2015)

&lt;p&gt;The Study of Land Resource Potentials at Manggis District, Karangasem Regency forDevelopment of Horticulture Crops.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The objective of the research was to study the potential ofland resources for growing horticulture crops at Manggis District, Karangasem Regency. Soil surveyand laboratory analysis were used in this research. The parameters of soil characteristics observedwere soil morphology in the fields, and physical and chemical properties. The results showed that thelands of Manggis District classified into ‘suitable enough’ until ‘very suitable’ for growing horticulturecrops. The limited factors were root medium; nutrient retention and terrains&lt;/p&gt;
Diagnostics of Impulse Line Blockage with Multi-Sensing Differential Pressure Transmitter at Oil Line (2008)

A differential pressure transmitter with an orifice is widely used as a major field flowmeter. A major drawback of this flowmeter at operation site is blockage of an impulse line, which connects a differential pressure transmitter with an orifice tap. By conducting experiments at a water line, we have developed a method to diagnose the blockage of the impulse line based on the evaluation of pressure fluctuations; this is installed on a multi-sensing differential pressure transmitter. This paper utilizes this method to diagnose the blockage at an oil line that carries a highly viscous fluid. In particular, we focus on the relation between the amplitude of the pressure fluctuations at the oil line and the kinetic viscosity (1.0 × 10-5 to 3.0 × 10-5 m2/s). Through experimental investigations, the following results are derived: (1) The highly viscous fluid in the impulse line does not attenuate the pressure fluctuations transmitting to the multi-sensing differential pressure transmitter. (2) Highly viscous flow in the main line has small pressure fluctuations; however, these fluctuations have the same characteristics of the impulse line blockage as those at a water line. Therefore, the proposed method can diagnose the impulse line blockage at an oil line as well as at a water line.
ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN [3H]CHOLINE UPTAKE ACTIVATION AND [3H]ACETYLCHOLINE RELEASE (1977)

Abstract— The depolarization‐induced, calcium‐dependent release of [ 3 H]ACh from hippocampal synaptosomes was studied in a superfusion system. Release increased, with increasing depolarization. Barium and strontium effectively substituted for calcium during the depolarization, but magnesium inhibited the release. Releasable [ 3 H]ACh is derived from the sodium‐dependent component of the [ 3 H]choline uptake which points out the physiologic importance of sodium‐dependent choline transport. It is concluded that [ 3 H]ACh release in this system has the same properties as neurotransmitter release in many other systems. Previous studies have shown that treatments which alter the activity of cholinergic neurons in vivo result in parallel changes in sodium‐dependent choline uptake in vitro . When synaptosomes were utilized from animals treated to reduce cholinergic activity, there was a reduced release following the reduced uptake. Conversely, when synaptosomes were taken from animals treated to increase sodium‐dependent choline uptake, there was an increase in the release. It is concluded that the changes in sodium‐dependent choline uptake in vitro consequent to changes in neuronal activity in vivo result in parallel changes in releasable ACh. A comparison was made between the effect of a number of ions and agents on release and their effect on the in vitro , depolarization‐induced activation of sodium‐dependent choline uptake. Barium and strontium, ions which substitute for calcium in the release process, support the in vitro activation of uptake. Vinblastine and Bay a 1040, compounds which block release, prevented the in vitro activation of sodium‐dependent choline uptake. However, magnesium blocked release in a dose‐dependent manner, but did not block the activation of uptake in vitro . Rather, magnesium substituted for calcium and supported the activation of uptake in a dose‐dependent fashion. It is concluded that acetylcholine release is not necessary for the activation of choline uptake.
Investigation of o-acetoxyaryl radicals (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInvestigation of o-acetoxyaryl radicalsWilliam T. Evanochko and Philip B. ShevlinCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1979, 44, 24, 4426–4430Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1979https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01338a036Request reuse permissionsArticle Views73Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (610 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Task 3.17 - Hot-Gas Cleanup (1997)

No abstract prepared.
N–H⋯O and N–H⋯Cl supported 1D chains of heterobimetallic CuII/NiII–SnIV cocrystals (2016)

The Schiff base H<sub>2</sub>L<sup>1</sup> [N,N'-ethylenebis(3-methoxysalicylaldimine)] or H<sub>2</sub>L<sup>2</sup> [N,N'-ethylenebis(3-ethoxysalicylaldimine)] was reacted with MCl<sub>2</sub>·xH<sub>2</sub>O and SnCl<sub>4</sub>·5H<sub>2</sub>O to afford the supramolecular heterobimetallic systems (H<sub>2</sub>ED)<sup>2+</sup>·2[ML]·[SnCl<sub>6</sub>]<sup>2-</sup> [M = Cu, L = L<sup>1</sup> (1), L = L<sup>2</sup> (2); M = Ni, L = L<sup>1</sup> (3), L = L<sup>2</sup> (4); ED = 1,2-ethylenediamine], whose structures were established by single crystal X-ray analyses. Each structure includes different entities, viz. a mononuclear [CuL]/[NiL] neutral complex (coformer), a hexachlorostannate dianion [SnCl<sub>6</sub>]<sup>2-</sup>, a 1,2-ethylenediammonium dication (H<sub>2</sub>ED<sup>2+</sup>) and, only in 2 and 4, a methanol molecule. Based on the work of Grothe et al. (Cryst. Growth Des., 2016, 16, 3237-3243), compounds 1 and 3 are cocrystal salts, 2 and 4 are cocrystal salt solvates. The ionic pairs (H<sub>2</sub>ED)<sup>2+</sup>·[SnCl<sub>6</sub>]<sup>2-</sup> in 1-4 are encapsulated by the Cu- or Ni-complexes, and stabilized by N-HO and one N-HCl bond interactions leading to infinite 1D chains. The antimicrobial studies of 1-4 against yeasts (C. albicans and S. cerevisiae) and Gram-positive (S. aureus and E. faecalis) and -negative bacteria (P. aeruginosa and E. coli) indicate that the Ni<sub>2</sub>Sn systems (3 and 4) are more active than the analogous Cu<sub>2</sub>Sn ones (1 and 2).
A parametric feature extraction and classification strategy for brain-computer interfacing (2005)

Parametric modeling strategies are explored in conjunction with linear discriminant analysis for use in an electroencephalogram (EEG)-based brain-computer interface (BCI). A left/right self-paced typing exercise is analyzed by extending the usual autoregressive (AR) model for EEG feature extraction with an AR with exogenous input (ARX) model for combined filtering and feature extraction. The ensemble averaged Bereitschafts potential (an event related potential preceding the onset of movement) forms the exogenous signal input to the ARX model. Based on trials with six subjects, the ARX case of modeling both the signal and noise was found to be considerably more effective than modeling the noise alone (common in BCI systems) with the AR method yielding a classification accuracy of 52.8+/-4.8% and the ARX method an accuracy of 79.1+/-3.9 % across subjects. The results suggest a role for ARX-based feature extraction in BCIs based on evoked and event-related potentials.
Simultaneous Measurement of Diffusion along Multiple Directions (2004)

This paper introduces the first NMR approach for simultaneously measuring the full diffusion tensor. Using magnetic field gradients of different directions to generate multiple modulations of nuclear spin magnetization, multiple echoes of different modulations are acquired in a single scan to simultaneously measure diffusion along different directions. The experimental demonstrations were conducted in both isotropic and anisotropic systems. Since the diffusion anisotropy holds structural and dynamical information, this approach may be useful for monitoring liquid crystals and electrolytes in metastable states and for studying fluidity in situ in porous networks and in vivo in biological systems.
Strain–capacitance relationship in polymer actuators based on single-walled carbon nanotubes and ionic liquid gels (2017)

We investigate the electromechanical properties of bucky-gel electrochemical actuators incorporating various amounts of single-walled carbon nanotubes and an ionic liquid electrolyte, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, that are able to convert electrochemical energy into mechanical energy. The interplay between mechanical and electrochemical effects is studied. The electromechanical responses are investigated by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and bending displacement measurements. We develop a theoretical model that allows us to rationalize the electromechanical properties of the bucky-gel actuators. This model takes into account electrochemical stress due to the intercalation (de-intercalation) process, which generates the strain and bending of the actuators. We then analyze the relationship between the strain and the real part of the complex capacitance by introducing a strain-capacitance coefficient. This coefficient is related to the electrochemical stress and the amount of the ionic adsorption (desorption) at the double-layer. From a practical point of view, the determination of the strain-capacitance coefficient is helpful for characterizing and optimizing the performance of electrochemical actuators.