gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Theory for the Solubility of Gases in Polymers:  Application to Monatomic Solutes (1997)

The polymer reference interaction site model (PRISM theory) is applied to the problem of calculating the solubility of monatomic gases in amorphous polyethylene. One can consider this system as an approximation to the solubility of gases in ethylene/propylene elastomers. The chemical potential of a solute atom in the polymer is decomposed into two distinct contributions: a positive athermal contribution calculated by growing the solute atom from a point particle and a negative attractive contribution computed from first-order perturbation theory using the athermal system as the reference state. Good agreement is found between the PRISM calculations and available experimental data on solubility of gases in common elastomers with no adjustable parameters. Furthermore, PRISM theory is successful in predicting several interesting trends observed experimentally: (1) solubility increases with the size of the solute atom, (2) solubility is a monotonically increasing function of the critical temperature of the solute species, and (3) the temperature coefficient of solubility crosses over from positive to negative for solutes having critical temperatures of approximately 65 K.
A Simple Approach for Constrained Optimization - An Evolution Strategy that Evolves Rays (2018)

This paper applies an evolution strategy (ES) that evolves rays to single-objective real-valued constrained optimization problems. The algorithm is called Ray-ES. It was proposed as an ad hoc optimization approach for dealing with the unconstrained real-parameter optimization problem class called HappyCat. To our knowledge, the application of the Ray-ES to constrained problems is new. It serves as a simple alternative to other approaches such as for example differential evolution (DE). This paper describes how the Ray-ES can be applied to a constrained setting. The algorithm is tested on a variety of different test problems. Additionally, it is compared to DE approaches.
Isolierung von Substanz P aus Pferdedarm und ihre biologische und chemische Abgrenzung gegenüber Bradykinin. Vorläufige Mitteilung (1961)

Substance P has been isolated in an apparently pure state and shown to be biologically and chemically distinct from Bradykinin though the two substances have some properties in common.
Regional Organic Geochemistry of Offshore Louisiana: ABSTRACT (1985)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
An editing‐based characterization of the design space of collaborative applications (1994)

The design space of collaborative applications is characterized using the notion of generalized multiuser editing. Generalized multiuser editing allows users to view interactive applications as editors of data structures. It offers several collaboration functions, which allow users to collaboratively edit application data structures. These functions include coupling, concurrency control, access control, and multiuser undo. Coupling allows the users to share editing changes, access control and concurrency control prevent them from making unauthorized and inconsistent changes, respectively, and multiuser undo allows them collaboratively to undo or redo changes. These functions must be performed flexibly to accommodate different applications, users, phases of collaboration, and bandwidths of the communication links. In this paper, we define and motivate the notion of generalized multiuser editing and describe some of the issues, approaches, tradeoffs, principles, and requirements related to the design of the functions offered by it.
A 28nm 6.5-8.1GHz 1.16mW/qubit Cryo-CMOS System-an-Chip for Superconducting Qubit Readout (2022)

This paper presents a 28 nm cryo-CMOS system-on-chip (SoC) for the dispersive readout of superconducting qubits operating between 6.5-8.1 GHz at 4 K. The SoC includes a quadrature VCO and a full zero-IF transmitter and receiver chain, including 200 MS/s7-bit DACs, ADCs, and digital. It can generate pulses up to 640 ns duration, and it attains a very low-power readout operation (9.8 mW) compared to its counterparts with 0.5-0.6 dB noise figure, 65–89 dB gain, and -71 dBm maximum TX output power at 4 K. Furthermore, with its duty-cycled mode, the SoC reduces the average power dissipation for the readout application.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Methods and Reactions. Part 150. Preparation of 1,3‐ Functionalized Adamantanes by the Lewis Acid‐Catalyzed Electrophilic Cyclization of 7‐Methylenebicyclo(3.3.1)nonan‐3‐one in the Presence of π‐ and N‐Nucleophiles. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Epidermal and Fibroblast Growth Factors Enhance Fibrovascular Integration of Porous Polyethylene Implants (2000)

Enhancement of the rate of biointegration of porous polyethylene cubes in rabbits is achievable by repeated, transcutaneous administration of exogenous growth factors.
COMPLICATIONS OF THYROID SURGERY (1957)

The various complications of thyroid surgery have long been known to surgeons embarking on the surgical treatment of goiter. These complications may be severe enough to jeopardize the life of the patient or to create a physical or physiologic incapacity which will limit his normal activities. Because of the severity of these complications it becomes necessary that their incidence be reduced to an absolute minimum in this age of modern surgery. Moreover, if surgery is to continue to play a dominant role in the treatment of thyroid disease, the complications of this form of treatment must be less than those of other equally effective forms of treatment.
Analysis of the glass transition temperature of miscible polymer blends (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnalysis of the glass transition temperature of miscible polymer blendsMadeleine Aubin and Robert E. Prud'hommeCite this: Macromolecules 1988, 21, 10, 2945–2949Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00188a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00188a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1031Altmetric-Citations132LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Application of gradient adaptive lattice filters to channel equalisation (1984)

In this paper, the potential application of adaptive lattice equalisers based on gradient search adaptive algorithms, is examined. The assessment is based on simulations of equaliser performance in data communications systems which provides a comparison of the relative performance of these adaptive lattice equalisers with transversal equalisers. It highlights the critical balance between rapid convergence and degradation due to algorithm noise, which is involved when selecting the algorithm stepsize. Two new adaptive equaliser approaches are suggested, one based on a timed lattice structure feeding a linear combiner. The other is a short timed lattice structure in cascade with a transversal equaliser. Both approaches are shown to offer fast converging adaptive equalisers for data communications applications, which have a converged error performance superior to that of the direct application of a gradient adaptive lattice equaliser.
NoisyTwins: Class-Consistent and Diverse Image Generation through StyleGANs (2023)

StyleGANs are at the forefront of controllable image generation as they produce a latent space that is semantically disentangled, making it suitable for image editing and manipulation. However, the performance of StyleGANs severely degrades when trained via class-conditioning on large-scale long-tailed datasets. We find that one reason for degradation is the collapse of latents for each class in the $\mathcal{W}$ latent space. With NoisyTwins, we first introduce an effective and inexpensive augmentation strategy for class embeddings, which then decorrelates the latents based on self-supervision in the $\mathcal{W}$ space. This decorrelation mitigates collapse, ensuring that our method preserves intra-class diversity with class-consistency in image generation. We show the effectiveness of our approach on large-scale real-world long-tailed datasets of ImageNet-LT and iNaturalist 2019, where our method outperforms other methods by $\sim 19\%$ on FID, establishing a new state-of-the-art.
Monitoring the Backbone Conformation of Valinomycin by Raman Optical Activity (2011)

Raman optical activity (ROA) spectroscopy is used to investigate the backbone conformation of valinomycin in methanol and dioxane solution. Experimental Raman and ROA spectral differences are interpreted by using density functional calculations, molecular dynamics, and Cartesian tensor transfer. Of the several conformers with different numbers of intramolecular hydrogen bonds which were preselected by calculations of relative energies, the dominant ones are identified on the basis of ROA. To separate the backbone signal from that of the side chains, conformational search for the isopropyl residues is performed for each backbone conformer. In dioxane, the most populated conformer does not exhibit C(3) symmetry, but adopts a distorted "bracelet" structure, similar to a crystal structure. This complements previous NMR spectroscopic results that could not distinguish the nonsymmetric structures. In methanol, a different, "propeller" conformer is indicated by ROA, which has three loops resembling a standard β-turn peptide motif. Molecular dynamics simulations suggest that the propeller structure is very flexible in methanol. Spectra simulated for geometries not having the β-turn do not agree with experiment. On the basis of these results, a distinct +/- ROA couplet at ∼1335/1317 cm(-1) observed in the extended amide III region is assigned to a turn in the valinomycin backbone.
Predictive testing for selection of patients for extended endocrine therapy: Clinical utilization of Breast Cancer Index (BCI) in early-stage, ER+, LN- breast cancer. (2015)

545 Background: Randomized trials have demonstrated significant but modest (3-5%) benefit from extended (10y) endocrine therapy (EET) vs 5y in pts with early stage ER+ breast cancer. Clinical practice guidelines have speculated on the risk vs benefit of EET in pts with a low clinicopathologic risk profile. Breast Cancer Index (BCI) is a gene expression-based test that that is prognostic for risk of late (> 5y) recurrence and predictive of EET benefit. This study examined the clinical utility and utilization of BCI in clinical practice, and its ability to identify pts likely to benefit from EET in an otherwise low risk population. Methods: Consecutive cases (N = 853) from LN- pts submitted for BCI prognostic and BCI predictive [HoxB13/IL17BR (H/I) ratio] analyses were investigated. Patient characteristics, clinician testing patterns, and clinical results were analyzed descriptively. Results: Patient characteristics are shown in the top table. BCI identified 54% and 46% as having low and high risk of late recurrence, respectively. Predictive testing identified 42% of pts with a high likelihood vs. 58% with a low likelihood of benefit from EET. The bottom table shows the integrated prognostic and predictive results. In the subset of pts with a low clinicopathologic risk profile (LN-, T1, Grade 1-2, HER2-neg; n = 321), BCI identified 23% of pts with both a high risk of late recurrence (mean, 7.1% DRR) and likely to benefit from EET. Physicians utilized BCI across a range of intervals from time of diagnosis: 11% < 2y; 14% ≥ 2 to < 4y; 57% ≥ 4 to < 6y; and 18% ≥ 6y. Conclusions: Data from this large retrospective analysis further define BCI clinical utility in selection of which early-stage, ER+ pts are at risk of late recurrence and likely to benefit from EET vs those that may be adequately treated with 5y of endocrine therapy. Characteristics (N = 853) Mean Age > 65y 57y 27% Size ≤ 1cm > 1 - ≤ 2cm > 2 - ≤ 5 cm >5 cm % 26 49 23 2% Grade 1 2 3 % 29 52 19 HER2 Neg Pos % 89 19 Stratification by BCI prognostic (risk of late recurrence) and BCI predictive (H/I) All pts (N=853) Likelihood of Benefit Risk Group Low High Low 43% 11% High 15% 31% LN-, T1, Grade 1-2, HER2- (n = 321) Low High Low 54% 12% High 11% 23%
Therapeutic Targeting of Non-oncogene Dependencies in High-risk Neuroblastoma (2019)

Our results establish a gene expression-based strategy to interrogate cancer biology and inform drug discovery and repositioning for high-risk neuroblastoma.
De Novo Parallel Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of Inhibitors against the Reverse Transcriptase of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 and Drug-Resistant Variants (2007)

We used molecular modeling to design de novo broad-range inhibitors against wild type and drug-resistant variants of the reverse transcriptase (RT) of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1). First, we screened for small fragments that would interact with each one of four RT structures (one wild type and three mutants). Then, these fragments were linked to build a scaffold molecule. Out of 27 different compounds that were synthesized, four inhibited the DNA polymerase activity of RT with IC50 values below 10 microM. Compound 5f inhibited RT with an IC50 value of about 3.5 microM, while inhibiting drug-resistant RT variants more efficiently than the clinically used drug, nevirapine (11-cyclopropyl-5,11-dihydro-4-methyl-6H-dipyrido[3,2-b:2',3'-e][1,4]diazepin-6-one). 5f also inhibited the RT ribonuclease H activity with an IC50 of 20 microM and therefore, unlike nevirapine, targets both RT activities. Accordingly, 5f can serve as lead for developing novel inhibitors against RT that may be used to suppress HIV-1 growth.
Relationship of creatine kinase to body composition, disease state, and longevity in ALS (2015)

Our objective was to explore if creatine kinase (CK) levels correlate with survival in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and whether a correlation is independent of other well-studied predictors such as location of onset, gender, age, fat free mass, spasticity, cramps, and fasciculations. We analyzed data from 80 ALS patients from a 48-week non-interventional longitudinal multicenter nutrition study with long term follow-up. The overall mean CK was 214 ± 191.8 U/l (range 22-1992 U/l). Forty-five percent of patients had at least one high CK value (> 200 U/l), and about half maintained a high CK value, but there was no trend over the study period. Male gender and extremity onset were significantly associated with high CK. In univariate analysis, age, bioelectric impedance spectroscopy (BIS) fat free mass, spasticity, and fasciculations were not associated with CK level. There was an association between CK and muscle cramps (p < 0.001). In survival analysis, low CK (≤ 200 U/l) was associated with a longer overall survival (p = 0.02), when adjusting for location of onset, age, race, gender, BIS fat free mass, and study site. In conclusion, CK may be a useful marker for ALS survival, which has implications for clinical care and the design of future clinical trials.
Data from Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription Mediate Fibroblast Growth Factor–Induced Vascular Endothelial Morphogenesis (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;The fibroblast growth factors (FGF) play diverse roles in development, wound healing, and angiogenesis. The intracellular signal transduction pathways, which mediate these pleiotropic activities, remain incompletely understood. We show here that the proangiogenic factors FGF2 and FGF8b can activate signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) in mouse microvascular endothelial cells (EC). Both FGF2 and FGF8b activate STAT5 and to a lesser extent STAT1, but not STAT3. The FGF2-dependent activation of endothelial STAT5 was confirmed &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; with the Matrigel plug angiogenesis assay. In tissue samples of human gliomas, a tumor type wherein FGF-induced angiogenesis is important, STAT5 is detected in tumor vessel EC nuclei, consistent with STAT5 activation. By forced expression of constitutively active or dominant-negative mutant STAT5A in mouse brain ECs, we further show that STAT5 activation is both necessary and sufficient for FGF-induced cell migration, invasion, and tube formation, which are key events in vascular endothelial morphogenesis and angiogenesis. In contrast, STAT5 is not required for brain EC mitogenesis. The cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases Src and Janus kinase 2 (Jak2) both seem to be involved in the activation of STAT5, as their inhibition reduces FGF2- and FGF8b-induced STAT5 phosphorylation and EC tube formation. Constitutively active STAT5A partially restores tube formation in the presence of Src or Jak2 inhibitors. These observations show that FGFs use distinct signaling pathways to induce angiogenic phenotypes. Together, our findings implicate the FGF-Jak2/Src-STAT5 cascade as a critical angiogenic FGF signaling pathway. [Cancer Res 2009;69(4):1668–77]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Retraction (2017)

In the Report “The inner centromere–shugoshin network prevents chromosomal instability” by Y. Tanno et al. (1), the representative images for comparison in Fig. 2C and figs. S13C and S15A were captured under inconsistent imaging conditions. In figs. S8B, S11F, and S12B, the images used for comparison were not adjusted using identical settings. In fig. S8A, the dot blots were mislabeled and not properly adjusted for contrast. We show corrected images and explanations as supplementary material. Given that we used the original images to calculate signal strength in the Report, we do not believe that the changes to the representative images affect our conclusions. However, because of the number of errors, we have decided to retract the Report.
A Right Atrial Hemangioma Mimicking Thrombus In A Patient With Atrial Arrhythmias (2007)

Cardiac hemangiomas are rare tumors, accounting for only 2.8% of all benign primary cardiac tumors and occur at any age. Clinical presentations vary depending on the tumor location (myocardial, endocardial or pericardial). In many cases, this may be an incidental finding. We report the case of a patient with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation who had a right atrial hemangioma detected with transesophageal echocardiography prior to having percutaneous pulmonary vein isolation performed.
Surface segregation and oxidation studies of AlBe alloys (1987)

Abstract Surface segregation and oxidation of AlBe alloys have been studied using the LEED‐AES technique. Results obtained from one polycrystalline sample and three single crystals with (001), (011) and (111) orientations show no segregation of Be to the clean Al surface. The annealing temperatures ranged from 300 °C to 600 °C for a few minutes to a few hours. Results from the polycrystalline sample suggest that in the presence of oxygen or Al 2 O 3 on the surface, Be diffuses to the surface during annealing (at 400 °C or above) to form BeO and reduces Al 2 O 3 . The difference in the free energies of formation of the bulk BeO and Al 2 O 3 favors this reaction. A one‐to‐one correspondence has been found between the surface coverage of BeO formed to that of Al 2 O 3 present prior to annealing the sample. The three single crystals had much less Be in the bulk and this affects the reduction reaction by limiting the rate of Be diffusion to the surface. LEED investigation for the (111) oriented crystal showed that BeO grows as the (0001) basal plane on the Al(111) surface. The magnitude of the misfit between unrelaxed Al(111) and BeO(0001) as measured from the relative positions of superlattice beams indicate some compression or expansion in the interface region.
Green DetNet: Computation and Memory efficient DetNet using Smart Compression and Training (2020)

This paper introduces an incremental training framework for compressing popular Deep Neural Network (DNN) based unfolded multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) detection algorithms like DetNet. The idea of incremental training is explored to select the optimal depth while training. To reduce the computation requirements or the number of FLoating point OPerations (FLOPs) and enforce sparsity in weights, the concept of structured regularization is explored using group LASSO and sparse group LASSO. Our methods lead to an astounding $98.9\%$ reduction in memory requirement and $81.63\%$ reduction in FLOPs when compared with DetNet without compromising on BER performance.
Fluoro-silsesquioxane-urethane Hybrid for Thin Film Applications (2009)

New fluoropolyurethane hybrids containing fluorinated polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane were synthesized for thin film applications using fluoro(13) disilanol isobutyl-POSS (FluoroPOSS) and a short chain fluorodiol and diisocyanate. The kinetics of the urethane reaction was monitored using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and the formation of urethane was confirmed using (29)Si Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). The effect of addition of FluoroPOSS either in the I step or II step of the two step polymerization reaction is evaluated using various spectroscopic, thermal, microscopic, and diffraction techniques. In general, the major shortcoming of the lack of flexibility of fluoropolyurethane from short chain diol and diisocyanate has been overcome by the use of tethered FluoroPOSS. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscpopy (AFM), and contact angle measurements on the hybrid thin films on silicon wafer demonstrate the migration of FluoroPOSS segment to the air-thin film interface when FluoroPOSS is used in I stage reaction, and it resides at the interface when used as a chain extender. However, in both cases, the formed thin film exhibits ultrahydrophobicity with water contact angle of approximately 107 degrees and low contact angle hysteresis and solvent resistance, which are preferable for protective thin film applications.