gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sparsity-based Distributed DoA Estimation for Radar Networks (2022)

In this paper distributed estimation of direction of arrival (DoA) is proposed for a network of radar nodes, in which nodes share their limited information related to their decisions with only their neighboring nodes. The sparsity of target scenario is exploited and distributed DoA estimation is formulated as the estimation of sparse vectors. The neighboring nodes aim to achieve a consensus on their estimation of these sparse vectors. The estimation problem is solved iteratively with alternating direction of method of multipliers (ADMM) method. Each node leverages co-prime array configuration, a type of structured sparse array, to enable direction finding for more sources than the number of node antennas. Numerical simulations show that the proposed distributed method converges within few iterations and provides much improved spatial spectra than local (non-distributed) estimations.
Detection of vincristine-induced neuropathy in patients with oligodendroglioma (2022)

After exceptional results of two large clinical trials with median survival times of 15 years and more,1,2 sequential therapy of radiation and chemotherapy with lomustine, procarbazine, and vincristine (VCR; PCV) became standard treatment in patients with oligodendroglioma. Patients within these phase III trials received probably a median number of 3-4 VCR cycles, whereby detailed data on VCR treatment delays or discontinuation are not available. However, VCR cannot cross the blood-brain barrier and holds the risk of inducing polyneuropathy (VIPN [vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathy]), so that in many neuro-oncological centers only PC is applied. This deviation from trial protocols is a matter of debate, and robust efficacy data of PC regimens in oligodendroglioma are lacking. We asked if the combination of PCV with an intensive monitoring could provide trial-consistent treatment with optimal supportive care for preventing VIPN in patients with oligodendroglioma. We initiated an ethics committee (EC)-approved (368/19 EC University of Bonn) prospective pilot project at our neuro-oncological unit by flanking PCV treatment with clinical, electrophysiological, and sonographic examinations to detect incipient nerve damage at an ideally early stage. We aimed to include a total of 10 patients with oligodendroglioma grade II or III and started enrollment in December 2019. Oncological treatment comprised local radiotherapy and subsequently up to six courses of PCV following the trial protocols.1,2 At baseline and under treatment, all patients received examinations using the Total Neuropathy Score, clinical version (TNSc), sensory nerve conduction studies of the median, ulnar, and sural nerves, and high-resolution ultrasound (HRUS) of the median, ulnar, sural, and vagus nerves.
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy improves outcomes of chemoradiation therapy for locally advanced pancreatic cancer (2006)

4036 Background: Two-thirds of all pancreatic cancer patients have radiographically detectable metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis. Most of the remaining patients have locally advanced, unresectable disease that is typically treated with either chemoradiation or chemotherapy alone. We explored the possible benefit of the use of consolidative chemoradiation after induction chemotherapy. Methods: Between December 1993 and October 2005, 318 patients with locally advanced, non-metastatic, pancreatic cancer were treated at our institution with concurrent chemoradiation therapy. All patients underwent CT staging and biopsy confirmed adenocarcinoma. 245 patients received chemoradiation (CR) as initial treatment while 73 patients received a median of 2.5 months of induction chemotherapy prior to chemoradiation (CCR). Radiosensitizers included 5FU (42%), gemcitabine (39%) and capecitabine (19%) and most patients (88%) received 30 Gy of radiation therapy. The most common induction chemotherapy regimens were gemcitabine and cisplatin (73%) and gemcitabine alone (15%). Results: All statistics are actuarial and calculated from date of initial treatment. Median follow-up was 5.5 months (range 1–63 months). For all patients, overall survival was 9.0 months and 2-year survival was 8%. Age, gender, histology, grade, radiation fractionation and concurrent chemotherapy regimen had no impact on outcomes on univariate analysis. However, overall survival was 8.5 months in the CR group and 11.9 months in the CCR group (p = 0.0004). Median time to local progression was 6.0 months in the CR group and 8.4 in the CCR group (p = 0.0055). Median time to distant progression was 5.8 months in the CR group and 9.5 months in the CCR group (p=0.0136). Conclusions: In one of the largest series of locally advanced pancreatic cancer patients, the use of induction chemotherapy followed by chemoradiation seems to prolong median survival over initial treatment with chemoradiation. By excluding patients who progress rapidly during induction chemotherapy, this approach presumably selects patients most likely to benefit from a local treatment modality. This strategy merits prospective evaluation. [Table: see text]
Systematic Design of High Transmission and Low Dispersion Wide-bandwidth Photonic Crystal Waveguide Bends (2006)

We present a method for systematic design of photonic crystal waveguide (PCW) bends to achieve high transmission and low dispersion over large bandwidths. We also identify the factors affecting transmission and dispersive properties of bends.
Human IL-8 Regulates Smooth Muscle Cell VCAM-1 Expression in Response to Endothelial Cells Exposed to Atheroprone Flow (2009)

Together, these findings provide evidence for a novel role whereby IL-8 limits the inflammatory response in ECs/SMCs via VCAM-1 modulation.
Testing the effect of selectors in the control of bulking and foaming in full scale activated-sludge plants (2002)

Selectors were operated at four full-scale activated sludge plants to control bulking and foaming problems due to filamentous microorganisms. Selector effectiveness was not related to reduction of biodegradable organic matter in the contact zone, but was related to soluble COD levels in selector effluent. Significant reductions in the numbers of filamentous m icroorganisms were reported.
Airway leak size in neonates and autocycling of three flow-triggered ventilators (1995)

Flow-triggered ventilators are susceptible to autocycling due to flow compensation to maintain positive end-expiratory pressure levels in the presence of an airway leak. The difference in autocycling is due to the maximum sensitivity setting of each ventilator, and not to intrinsic ventilator flowsensing or other software mechanisms. The 3.3-mL/sec setting was the least prone to autocycling and seems appropriate. The ventilator set at 2.5 mL/sec at the time of this study has been released instead at 4 mL/sec, due to these findings. The ventilator with the maximum setting at 1 mL/sec autocycled readily at leak size of > or = 10%. Since such a leak size was present in 70% of infants, this setting should be used with caution. Using these guidelines, autocycling of all three ventilators is likely to occur mainly in 8% of infants with leak size of > 30%. In these cases, lowering the sensitivity setting and/or positive end-expiratory pressure level may decrease autocycling, or may necessitate reintubation with a larger endotracheal tube.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactivity of a 10‐I‐3 Hypervalent Iodine Trifluoromethylation Reagent with Phenols. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
How multidrug resistance in typhoid fever affects treatment options (2014)

Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi (S. Typhi) is an enteric pathogen that causes typhoid fever. The infection can be severe, with significant morbidity and mortality, requiring antimicrobial therapy. Cases of S. Typhi infection in the United States and other developed countries are often associated with travel to endemic regions. The empirical use of first-line drugs for therapy, including ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, has resulted in transmissible multidrug resistance. With the global increase in multidrug-resistant S. Typhi, use of ciprofloxacin, with excellent oral absorption, few side effects, and cost-effectiveness, has become popular for treatment. However, decreased ciprofloxacin susceptibility due to point mutations in the S. Typhi genes gyrA and/or parC has caused treatment failures, necessitating alternative therapeutic options. S. Typhi is typically genetically homogenous, with phylogenetic and epidemiological studies showing that identical clones and diverse S. Typhi types often coexist in the same geographic region. Studies investigating point mutations have demonstrated that selective pressure from empirical use of first-line drugs and fluoroquinolones has led to the global emergence of haplotype H-58. Antibiotic resistance is subject to high selective pressure in S. Typhi and thus demands careful use of antimicrobials.
An Effective Reversible Debugger of Cross Platform Based on Virtualization (2009)

Cross platform debugging can make the software debugging and hardware platform developing work simultaneity in embedded system development, which accelerates the development lifecycle dramatically. Reverse execution can run program backward to historic points, may provide programmers with a useful approach of fast locating the cause of the program failure. In this paper, we propose a reversible debugging framework for cross debugging and implement a prototype reversible debugger called reversible debugger for cross platform (RDXP) on X86/Linux platform based on PORD. The evaluation shows that RDXP provides an efficient and portable software debugging environment with reasonable speed and memory consumption.
Erythropoietin messenger RNA expression in the kidneys of mice with acute anemia. (1996)

Localization of erythropoietin messenger RNA was studied by an in situ hybridization procedure using anti-sense oligonucleotide probes of murine erythropoietin in the kidneys of mice with acute anemia. Acute anemia was induced by depletion of blood. Five hundred microliters of blood were withdrawn form orbital plexus 6, 24, and 30 hours before necropsy. Animals were sacrificed 6 hours after the last bleeding. Erythropoietin levels in the plasma, renal cortex, and medulla were 797.0mU/ml, 216.7, and 11.3mU/g protein, respectively, and these values were 50, 16, and 4.5times higher than those in the untreated control mice. Silver grains indicating erythropoietin messenger RNA expression were observed in the interstitial cells of the renal cortex and outer stripe of the outer medulla in the mice with acute anemia, but not in the renal tubules or glomeruli. Silver grains were not detected in the kidneys of the untreated control mice. From these results, it was concluded that the main area of erythropoietin synthesis in the kidneys was the interstitial cells in the renal cortex and outer stripe ofthe outer medulla in the mice with acute anemia.
On the Design of In-vehicle Advice System (2006)

Over the past two decades of years, technological developments have taken place in the field of transportation. Many research and development institutes have been devoted to designing new support systems and in-vehicle information systems to encourage safe, comfortable and convenient maneuvering. This paper deals with the issue of designing in-vehicle advice systems for safe maneuvering, especially by focusing on long-distance commercial vehicles. The authors introduced the characteristics of driving domain. By using the skill-, rule-, and knowledge-based behavior model, the authors analyzed behavior characteristics of drivers, and proposed some basic principles of advice system design to support these three levels of behavior. This proposal will help researchers to identify what advice should be provided and when to be provided. A field study was carried out to support this proposal. The relations of maneuvering characteristics and the driver's status were investigated to discuss about advice on a rule-based behavior. The authors hope that this work will promote further design-oriented discussions on in-vehicle advice system development.
Reduction in Chemical Oxygen Demand of TNT Red Water Using Layered Double Hydroxide Prepared from Red Mud and Brucite (2017)

A low-cost organolayered double hydroxide adsorbent prepared under alkali conditions with red mud (waste tailings from alumina production) and brucite is modified by anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS), by ion exchange to produce a layered double hydroxide adsorbent (LDH-SDBS). LDH-SDBS was used to treat 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) red water that had high toxicity, contained persistent compounds, and had a high chemical oxygen demand (COD). Removal efficiency reached 46% at 20-fold dilution (COD, 4024 mg/L) and kinetics showed that adsorption processes followed a pseudo-second-order model. Negative ΔG and positive ΔH indicated adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC/MS) revealed that amounts of organic compounds in TNT red water were reduced significantly.
Kinetic Study and Mathematical Modelling of the Growth ofS.cerevisiae 522D in Presence of K2 Killer Protein (1997)

This paper deals with the study of the kinetics of batch fermentations for a sensitive strain of S. cerevisiae growing in a culture medium containing K2 killer protein. The inhibition due to the killer toxin was measured by the reduction of the viable biomass, ethanol production and glucose consumption compared with a reference fermentation. The reference culture was run under the same conditions, but using a heat-denatured solution of killer protein. Results showed a decrease of the viable population of 67·8% after 15 h incubation. The fermentation time for the total consumption of the glucose was significantly affected by the presence of the killer toxin. The specific rate of ethanol production was also affected during the fermentation. However, the yields of ethanol and biomass were very similar for both fermentations. A kinetic mathematical model was proposed to explain the dynamics of the S. cerevisiae 522D growth in the presence of the K2 killer protein. The results of the suggested simulation were in agreement with the experimental data. © 1997 SCI.
Alternative Therapies for Clostridium difficile Infections (2010)

Clostridium difficile infection is a serious condition responsible for significant morbidity and mortality, especially in patients being treated with antimicrobials. Increasing frequency of the infection and hypervirulent C. difficile strains have resulted in more severe disease as well as therapeutic failures with traditional treatment (metronidazole and vancomycin). To review the studies assessing nontraditional therapies for the prevention and treatment of primary or recurrent C. difficile infection, we conducted a literature search of the PubMed-MEDLINE databases (1984-2010). Of the 98 studies identified, 21 met our inclusion criteria. Five clinical trials and one retrospective medical record review evaluated probiotic or prebiotic formulations for the prevention of C. difficile infection. Only one of these studies, which included Lactobacillus casei and L. bulgaricus in the probiotic formulation, showed efficacy. Ten clinical trials evaluated treatment of an initial episode of C. difficile infection (primary treatment) with the anti-microbials fidaxomicin, fusidic acid, rifampin, teicoplanin, and nitazoxanide, as well as the toxin-binding polymer, tolevamer. Only nitazoxanide and teicoplanin demonstrated noninferiority when compared with vancomycin or metronidazole. Four prospective studies and one retrospective study evaluated treatment of relapsing C. difficile infection. Prebiotic formulations for the prevention and treatment of recurrent C. difficile infection have not proved to be clinically warranted. Nitazoxanide, teicoplanin, and fidaxomicin may be considered as alternatives to traditional treatment; however, clinical experience is limited with these agents for this indication. Bacteriotherapy with fecal instillation has demonstrated high clinical cure rates in case studies and in a retrospective study; however, to our knowledge, randomized clinical trials are lacking for this therapeutic approach. As C. difficile infection rates continue to increase and hypervirulent strains continue to emerge, it is important for future clinical studies to assess alternative therapies.
An intelligent control concept for formation flying satellites (2002)

This paper deals with the determination of initial conditions and the design of fuel-balancing orbit control laws for a formation of satellites. Hill's equations describe the linearized dynamics of relative motion between two satellites. They admit bounded relative orbit solutions as special cases. Predictably, these bounded solutions break down in the presence of nonlinearities and perturbations. A method for determining the initial conditions that result in quasi-periodic relative orbits over the short term, in the presence of J2 perturbation, is presented. The control acceleration or equivalently, the fuel required to cancel the perturbation on a satellite depends upon its orbital inclination with respect to that of the reference satellite. An intelligent control concept that exploits the physics of the relative motion dynamics is presented. Analysis shows that this concept minimizes the total fuel consumption of the formation and maintains equal, average fuel consumption for each satellite. The concept is implemented using a novel, disturbance accommodating control design process. Numerical simulations and analytical results are in excellent agreement with each other. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrochemistry of high-temperature superconductors. Challenges and opportunities (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrochemistry of high-temperature superconductors. Challenges and opportunitiesJohn T. McDevitt, David R. Riley, and Steven G. HauptCite this: Anal. Chem. 1993, 65, 11, 535A–545APublication Date (Print):June 1, 1993Publication History Published online22 September 2008Published inissue 1 June 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00059a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00059a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views331Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Structural Studies of Ribonuclease. XXI. The Reaction between Ribonuclease and a Water-Soluble Carbodiimide* (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructural Studies of Ribonuclease. XXI. The Reaction between Ribonuclease and a Water-Soluble Carbodiimide*John P. Riehm and Harold A. ScheragaCite this: Biochemistry 1966, 5, 1, 99–115Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00865a014https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00865a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views77Altmetric-Citations64LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
At Least Three Contiguous Atoms Are Necessary for CO Formation during Methanol Electrooxidation on Platinum (2006)

We have used cyanide-modified Pt(111) electrodes to investigate the size and geometry of the minimum atomic ensemble necessary for the oxidation of methanol on Pt electrodes. Poison formation on cyanide-modified Pt(111) is completely inhibited, the corresponding electrooxidation reaction proceeding, hence, exclusively through the reactive intermediate pathway. These results suggest that formation of adsorbed CO would require the presence of at least three contiguous Pt atoms.
Quantitative analysis of the pathways of glycogen repletion in periportal and perivenous hepatocytes in vivo (1991)

In order to examine the pathways of hepatic glycogen repletion in the periportal and perivenous zones of the liver, [1-13C]glucose (99% enriched) was infused intraduodenally into conscious, 24-h fasted rats for 3 h. The liver was then quickly perfused in situ, and the cytoplasmic contents of the periportal and perivenous hepatocytes were selectively sampled by modification of the dual-digitonin-pulse technique (Quistorff, B., and Grunnet, N. (1987) Biochem. J. 243, 87-95). The 13C isotopic enrichment at each carbon position of the glucosyl units of hepatic glycogen was determined by 13C NMR and that of the C-1 position by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. From comparison of hepatic glycogen repleted by direct incorporation of plasma glucose (glucose----glucose-6-P----glucose-1-P----UDP-glucose----glycogen) was calculated to be 29% in the periportal zone and 35% in the perivenous zone, assuming equal glycogen synthetic rates within the two zones. Thus, the majority of glycogen is derived by an indirect route (glucose--------3-carbon unit--------glucose --------UDP-glucose--------glycogen) in both the periportal zone and in the perivenous zone. In conclusion, in a 24-h fasted rat there does not appear to be a major difference between the periportal and perivenous hepatocytes in the percent of glycogen synthesized by the direct pathway following a glucose load.