gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biologically Optimized 3-Dimensional In Vivo Predictive Assay-based Radiation Therapy Using Positron Emission Tomography-Computerized Tomography Imaging (2003)

PET-CT is probably the ultimate tool for accurate tumor imaging and 3-dimensional in vivo predictive assay of radiation sensitivity. By imaging the tumor twice during the early course of therapy, it should be possible to quantify both the tumor responsiveness to therapy and the rate of loss of functional tumor cells using the presently derived equations. This new information is ideal for use together with biologically based therapy optimization and makes it possible accurately to quantitate the dose-response relation, at least for the bulk of the tumor cells. Since the tumor responsiveness is available after about one and a half weeks of therapy, the information is also ideal for use with adaptive therapy where all forms of deviations from the original treatment plan can be accurately corrected for since they generally influence the still functional, but mainly doomed tumor cell compartment. Thus, uncertainties such as: 1) the geometric misalignment of the therapeutic beam with the tumor, 2) deviations of the delivered dose distribution from the planned delivery whether due to 3) an erroneous treatment planning algorithm or 4) treatment equipment uncertainties and 5) deviations in the anticipated responsiveness of the tumor of the patient based on historical response data, can all be taken into account. Fortunately, when a larger tumor cell compartment than expected is seen an increased dose during the remainder of the treatment should always be delivered independently on whichever combination of the above deviations was the true reason. With high-energy photon and hadron therapy it is even possible to image the integral dose delivery in vivo during or after a treatment using PET-CT imaging. The high-energy photons above about 20 MeV produce positron emitters through photonuclear reactions in tissue which are proportional to the photon fluence and thus approximately also to the absorbed dose. Light ion beams, the ultimate radiation modality with regard to physical and biological selectivity, instead produce PET emitters through direct nuclear interactions in tissue, but can also be used as radioactive beams consisting of intrinsic PET emitters such as 8B, 11C, 13N and 15O. These radioactive beams allow more accurate imaging of the Bragg peak distribution and thus indirectly the absorbed dose. The most universal feedback for adaptive radiation therapy would then be to use the measured image of mean dose delivery during the early part of the treatment while revising the treatment plan based on the initially planned dose distribution and the radiation responsiveness of the tumor as seen after the first week or two of therapy. By this so-called BIO-ART approach (Biologically Optimized 3D in vivo predictive Assay-based Radiation Therapy) radiation therapy optimization may become an almost exact science, where the patient's true individual radiation response, considering hypoxia and general radiation resistance as well as possible dose delivery and planning errors, is taken into account.
Phase-transfer catalysis for the synthesis of hydroxylamines from oximes using benzyltriethylammonium borohydride in methanol and under solid-phase conditions (2006)

Effective phase-transfer catalysis methodologies for the reduction of oximes to hydroxylamines by a selective and versatile reducing agent, benzyltriethylammonium borohydride (BTEABH), in methanol and under solid-phase conditions are presented.
Up-Scaling Two-Phase Flow in Heterogeneous Reservoirs: Current Trends (2004)

In this paper, we review the main upscaling techniques of two phase flow. Purely numerical fine to coarse gridding methods are investigated, as well as more physical approaches where the focus is on the algebraic form of the averaged transport equations. A detailed numerical and analytical study of the dynamics of the water-oil front shows that stochastic approaches cannot neglect the viscous coupling between the pressure and saturation. A very strong interaction exists between the heterogeneity and the stable or unstable character of the fluid flow displacement. This coupling is responsible of a qualitative and quantitative change of the form of the large scale equations, that must be accounted for by any upscaling procedure. Once this problem is solved, it is easier to devise optimal physically based discretisation procedures, that allows Monte-Carlo studies to be accelerated. Examples dealing with stratified or stochastic media will also be presented.
Assessment of organizational reliability capability (2006)

A reliability capability assessment process can assist OEMs and system integrators in assessing prospective suppliers for their ability to design and manufacture reliable products before they are delivered for use, and on an ongoing basis, help a company in identifying shortcomings in its reliability program, which can be rectified by subsequent improvement actions. The assessment can also help to establish reliability management practices for use by designers, suppliers, customers, and independent authorities. The assessment method may be used to evaluate the reliability capability of all types of electronics-related industries that perform activities influencing the reliability of a product. It can produce increased customer satisfaction, provide competitive opportunities, and shorten the product development cycle. In summary, a reliability capability assessment can be used for: 1) specifying or planning reliability practices if product development is implemented internally; 2) evaluating reliability practices to determine the extent to which a supplier is capable of providing a product that meets the reliability requirements/needs; and 3) improving reliability practices if the current reliability practices have been evaluated and improvement is desired or required
Degradation and Bioactivity of Azadirachtin-A and Dihydroazadirachtin-A based Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) Formulations (2001)

Stability of azadirachtin-A (Aza-A) and 22, 23-dihydroazadirachtin-A (dihydro Aza-A) was studied in different media at (5±1°C) and (54±1°C) storage for 14 days. The effect was also observed in emulsifiable concentrates employing ceenine solvent and 5% of 1:1 mixture of Tween - 20 (PEO 20 sorbitan monolaurate) and IGSURF-6000, (a proprietary blend of anionic and non ionic surfactants) as surfactant. The dihydro derivative was significantly more stable than Aza-A with half life in different recipes ranging from 22.65 to 103.79 d as compared to 3.50 to 65.13 d in case of Aza-A. The insect growth inhibitary and antifeedant activities of Aza-A against Spodoptera litura larvae were reduced significantly after heat storage as compared to the refrigerated storage. In contrast, the bioactivity of dihydro Aza-A was not affected significantly, except the IG inhibitory activity in neem oil and antifeedent activity in emulsifiable concentrate employing neem oil.
Analysis of Intact Tissue by Intermediate-Pressure MALDI on a Linear Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer (2006)

The use of an intermediate-pressure matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (IP-MALDI) source working at 0.17 Torr on a linear ion trap (LIT) was investigated for the analysis of tissue specimens, in particular, spinal cord sections. MALDI, with 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB) as the matrix, was employed for the detection of phospholipids. The matrix was applied to the tissue using electrospray to avoid analyte migration. The results indicate that analyzing tissue specimens at nontraditional MALDI vacuum pressures is possible. Coupling MALDI to an LIT permits the use of MSn, which is critical for the ability to identify compounds desorbed directly from tissue specimens. Using MSn, ions detected from m/z 600-1000 were characterized as phosphatidlycholines, PC. Specifically, using tandem MS, PC ions could be classified as either [M + H]+ or [M + Na]+ because the fragmentation patterns of protonated and sodiated phosphatidlycholines follow different pathways.
Crowding and feature conjunction in human amblyopia (2010)

Crowding is a phenomenon generally characterized by decreased ability to identify a target among non-overlapping distractors in the normal periphery and central visual field of observers with amblyopia (a condition of degraded spatial vision generally caused by early monocular form deprivation). Several recent studies have related crowding to the feature integration stage of visual processing. Additionally, it has been reported that spatial extent and boundaries of an “attentional spotlight” may have a profound effect on the way in which features are integrated. In order to study feature conjunction in crowding, we chose stimuli that had at least two easily identifiable features (orientation and color). We tested normal and amblyopic observers using a paradigm in which observers were asked to identify the central stimulus among an array of distractors under one of three conditions: (1) no cue, (2) the target was cued with a spatial cue and (3) either the target or one of the distractors was cued using a spatial cue in the same manner as in condition (2). Our stimuli consisted of vertically and horizontally oriented black and white bars as well as possible conjunctions of two bars (one horizontal and one vertical) presented on an otherwise homogeneous gray field. We found that for an observer with a history of abnormal visual experience, cuing the target location (but not distractor locations) improved performance in her affected eye but not her fellow eye. Random location cuing reduced performance in both eyes relative to cuing the target location only. Analysis of incorrect responses revealed that observers are most likely to confuse targets that are combinations of one black bar and one white bar.
AUTONOMIC DYSREFLEXIA (1991)

Autonomic dysreflexia (AD) is a syndrome that often occurs in patients with spinal cord injuries above T-6 and can have life-threatening results if not properly managed. The hypertension associated with AD can cause a great deal of morbidity and mortality, requiring quick and effective blood pressure reduction. Both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic methods are used to prevent or alleviate the symptoms associated with an acute episode of AD. We found that current literature is lacking in controlled, prospective, randomized studies comparing the efficacy of various medications used in the treatment of AD. We conducted a nationwide survey to determine the consensus among clinicians concerning the management of AD. The survey was designed to determine the current clinical status of AD, to assess methods of treatment being used and to summarize and give a rationale for the drugs most commonly prescribed. Finally, a suggestion for a wallet-sized card briefly outlining effective treatments of AD in an emergency situation is included. Results indicate that most clinicians feel that after nonpharmacologic measures have failed, antihypertensive medication is useful in controlling the symptoms of AD while the inciting cause is being found and treated. Agents used most frequently include, but are not limited to, nifedipine, phenoxybenzamine, prazosin, mecamylamine and nitrates.
A multi-view video coding approach using Layered Depth Image (2007)

Multi-view video introduces more forms of interactivity and can potentially be used for a variety of applications, such as free-view video (FVV) and three-dimensional video (3DTV). However, the huge volume video data and the synthesis of virtual view limit the practicality of multi-view video. In this paper, we propose an approach to multi-view video coding, in which the mutli-view video sequences are converted to layered depth images (LDIs) to represent scenes, and compressed layer by layer. To achieve better compression efficiency, we restructure layered images according depth data in LDIs. Experimental results show that our approach is practicable and efficient to meet the compression efficiency and flexible interactivity.
ChemInform Abstract: ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOUNDS. XXXIV. BRIDGE ENLARGEMENT REACTION OF MULTIBRIDGED FERROCENOPHANES WITH DIAZOMETHANE AND SYNTHESES OF SOME FERROCENOPHANES WITH TETRAMETHYLENE BRIDGES BY APPLICATION OF THE REACTION (1982)

Abstract Brückenerweiterungsreaktionen von α‐Oxo[3]ferrocenophan (I) mit Diazomethan (II) führen zu dem zwei Tetramethylen‐Brücken enthaltenden Ferrocenophan (IV) und über Zwischenstufen zu dem dreifach Tetramethylen‐verbrückten Produkt (V)‐ Weiter Wer den drei benachbarte Methylenbrücken enthaltende Verbindungen wie (VI), vierfach verbrückte Oxoferrocenophane sowie zahlreiche andere Ferrocenophane dargestellt.
Picosecond pulse generation from passively modelocked vertical cavity diode laser at up to 15 GHz pulse repetition rate (2004)

The generation of ultrashort pulses (∼15 ps) from a passively modelocked InGaAs multiple quantum well (MQW) vertical cavity surface emitting diode laser is reported at a repetition rate up to 15 GHz, utilising a cavity configuration that incorporates a reverse-biased quantum well device as a fast saturable absorber. Pulsing at up to 20 GHz rate has been observed on a continuous-wave background.
A Process Model for Latex Film Formation:  Limiting Regimes for Individual Driving Forces (1999)

The deformation of particles, to produce a structure without voids, has been an issue of contention in the film formation community for many years. Four different mechanisms have been proposed. Three involve homogeneous deformation throughout the film, although all are built on the deformation of two isolated particles, described in the viscous limit by Frenkel and in the elastic limit by Hertz and Johnson, Kendall, and Roberts. We derive a linear viscoelastic generalization of Frenkel's model that predicts the deformation of two spheres compressed by a force, F, and surface tension, γ. The resulting equation is then embedded in field equations governing the collapse of macroscopic films. Assuming a uniaxial compression allows derivation of limits for the proposed modes of homogeneous deformation. These limits are shown as surfaces in parameter space. Since temperature alters most profoundly the rheological response of viscoelastic polymers, the controlling deformation mechanism is defined as a function of temperature. Wet sintering requires slow evaporation or a low modulus polymer and is seen at high temperatures. Capillary deformation requires the strain in the film to follow evaporation and appears at intermediate temperatures. Dry or moist sintering is then seen at the lowest temperatures, when the modulus is high and deformation is slow compared to evaporation.
Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles as pH-Responsive Carrier for the Immune-Activating Drug Resiquimod Enhance the Local Immune Response in Mice (2021)

Nanoparticle-based delivery systems for cancer immunotherapies aim to improve the safety and efficacy of these treatments through local delivery to specialized antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Multifunctional mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), with their large surface areas, their tunable particle and pore sizes, and their spatially controlled functionalization, represent a safe and versatile carrier system. In this study, we demonstrate the potential of MSNs as a pH-responsive drug carrier system for the anticancer immune-stimulant R848 (resiquimod), a synthetic Toll-like receptor 7 and 8 agonist. Equipped with a biotin-avidin cap, the tailor-made nanoparticles showed efficient stimuli-responsive release of their R848 cargo in an environmental pH of 5.5 or below. We showed that the MSNs loaded with R848 were rapidly taken up by APCs into the acidic environment of the lysosome and that they potently activated the immune cells. Upon subcutaneous injection into mice, the particles accumulated in migratory dendritic cells (DCs) in the draining lymph nodes, where they strongly enhanced the activation of the DCs. Furthermore, simultaneous delivery of the model antigen OVA and the adjuvant R848 by MSNs resulted in an augmented antigen-specific T-cell response. The MSNs significantly improved the pharmacokinetic profile of R848 in mice, as the half-life of the drug was increased 6-fold, and at the same time, the systemic exposure was reduced. In summary, we demonstrate that MSNs represent a promising tool for targeted delivery of the immune modulator R848 to APCs and hold considerable potential as a carrier for cancer vaccines.
Amylin and Syndrome‐X (1994)

Abstract A 37 amino‐acid peptide, amylin, is secreted from the pancreatic β‐cell in response to stimuli similar to those causing insulin secretion. Plasma amylin levels are generally elevated under circumstances where insulin is elevated, including in insulin resistance and in essential (obesity‐related) hypertension. Several of amylin's actions may contribute to key features of insulin resistance and the insulin resistance syndrome (Syndrome‐X). Actions on muscle glycogen metabolism, Cori cycle activity, and endogenous glucose production may contribute to glucose intolerance while amylin's effects to suppress β‐cell secretion could account for the secretory defect observed in early glucose intolerance. Amylin also potently increases plasma renin activity, and could contribute to the hypertension that is associated with obesity and insulin resistance.
A facile I2-catalyzed synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines via sp3 C–H functionalization of azaarenes and evaluation of anticancer activity (2017)

A facile and efficient metal-free, one-pot, three component synthetic protocol has been developed for the synthesis of medicinally important substituted imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines via the iodine-catalysed oxidative amination of benzylic C-H bonds of azaarenes with 2-aminoazines and condensation with isocyanides. The presented methodology offers the advantages of wide substrate scope, moderate reaction conditions, environment friendliness, clean and simple protocol with high atom economy apart from higher yields. The synthesized compounds were screened for their anti-cancer activity in selected human cancer cell lines. Compounds 4a, 4b, 4c, 4i, 7a, 7b and 7m have significant IC<sub>50</sub> values ranging from 4.88 ± 0.28 to 14.55 ± 0.74 μM.
Study on Crystallization and Melting Behavior of UV Photo-oxidative Degradated PP/nano-CaCO3 Composites (2010)

The crystallization and melting behavior of UV photo-oxidative degradated PP/nano-CaCO3(PP/CC) and its composites modified by compatibilizers were investigated by DSC and WAXD analyses.The results indicated that with increasing the UV exposure time,the melting temperatures of PP decreased and degree of crystallization of PP increased.The crystallization temperature of PP first increased and later decreased and the crystallization temperature of PP in PP/CC composites decreased,especially its composites modified by compatibilizers.The crystallization temperatures of UV photo-oxidative degradated PP/CC were higher than that of PP.It is attributed to the heterogonous nucleation of nano-CaCO3.The crystallization temperatures of PP/CC composites modified by PP-g-MA and POE-g-MA were higher than that of unmodified composites.However,the crystallization temperatures of UV photo-oxidative degradated PP/CC composites modified by compatibilizers were lower than that of unmodified composites.It is suggested that the UV photo-oxidative degradation resulted in the decreased heterogonous nucleation of carboxylate salts formed by the chemical reaction between compatibilizer and nano-CaCO3 particles.
Subject Guides: World Languages, Literatures & Cultures - General Resources: Tips for Searching for Books in the Catalog (2012)

Online Guide to the information resources provided by Auburn University Libraries related to World Languages, Literatures & Cultures
Bradykinin and angiotensin II: activation of protein kinase C in arterial smooth muscle (1994)

The effects of bradykinin (BK) and angiotensin II (ANG II) were compared in cultured rat mesenteric arterial smooth muscle cells. BK and ANG II activated a phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C, leading to the rapid release of [3H]inositol phosphates, an increase in intracellular calcium, and formation of sn-1,2-diacylglycerol (DAG). DAG formation was biphasic with a transient peak at 5 s followed by a sustained increase from 60 to 600 s. The BK-mediated increases in inositol triphosphate and DAG were dose dependent with half-maximal increases at concentrations of 5 and 2 nM, respectively. Both hormones were found to activate protein kinase C (PKC) as assessed by phosphorylation of the 68- to 72-kDa intracellular PKC substrate myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate. However, despite similar phosphorylation of this substrate, only ANG II produced a significant increase in membrane-bound PKC activity. The mechanism accounting for the inability of BK to increase membrane-bound PKC activity is unclear. Our studies excluded differential translocation of PKC to the nuclear membrane, production of an inhibitor of membrane-bound PKC activity, and expression of BK and ANG II receptors on different cells as the mechanism. Vascular smooth muscle cells were found to express at least four different PKC isozymes: alpha, delta, zeta, and a faint band for epsilon. All of the isozymes except zeta-PKC were translocated by treatment with the phorbol ester 4 beta-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. However, neither ANG II nor BK produced significant translocation of any measured isozyme; therefore, we could not exclude the possibility that ANG II and BK activate different isozymes of PKC. Both hormones were found to have a similar small and inconsistent effect in stimulating [3H]thymidine incorporation. These observations demonstrate that BK and ANG II have similar biochemical effects on vascular smooth muscle cells and imply that, in selected vessels, the vasodilatory effects of BK mediated by the endothelium may be partially counterbalanced by a vasoconstrictor effect on the underlying vascular smooth muscle cells.
Current Ocular Drug Delivery Challenges for N-acetylcarnosine: Novel Patented Routes and Modes of Delivery, Design for Enhancement of Therapeutic Activity and Drug Delivery Relationships (2009)

This review article explores the functional activity and development aspects of N-acetylcarnosine for the visual system as revealed by the use of a variety of biophysical, physiological and therapeutic ophthalmic methods. It is designed for pharmacists and more advanced ophthalmology, optometry and pharmacology researchers who wish to gain a basic understanding of the biological effects of N-acetylcarnosine for vision and to share in the excitement of the latest developments in this field. Topics under the consideration include: ophthalmic drug delivery of N-acetylcarnosine eye drops and challenging endeavors facing the pharmaceutical scientist; clinical and functional types of activity of the developed and patented N-acetylcarnosine lubricant eye drops designed as 1% N-acetylcarnosine prodrug of L-carnosine containing a mucoadhesive cellulose-based compound combined with corneal absorption promoters in a drug delivery system; management of age-related serious or disabling eye diseases in humans with N-acetylcarnosine eye drop therapeutic platform (age-related cataracts, ocular inflammation, age-related macular degeneration , macular dystrophies, ocular manifestations of diabetes , hypertonic retinopathy, primary open angle glaucoma, vitreous lesions) ; development and molecular mechanisms of ocular therapeutic activities of carnosine derivatives in the visual system. Through this article we can perceive some helpful recent patents according to the title of the issue. The biologically significant applications of carnosine mimetics including those in ophthalmology were patented by Dr. Babizhayev and the alliance Groups (WO 2004/028536 A1; WO 94/19325; WO 95/12581; WO 2004/064866 A1).