gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The effect of ionizing radiation on protein and carbohydrate metabolism in the rat lens. (1962)

In an attempt to elucidate some of the biochemical mechanisms which may be responsible for the pathogenesis of radiation cataract, some aspects of protein, RNA, and carbohydrate metabolism were investigated in the lenses of rats exposed to a single cataractogenic dose of x radiation (1500 r, whole-body or locally to the head). Data were obtained on C/sup 14/-leucine incorporation into the soluble and insoluble protein-RNA complex of lens. There was a marked increase in the 6-hr incorporation of leucine into the insoluble protein-RNA complex of lenses derived from both groups of irradiated rats as compared with controls. There was also a marked increase in incorporation of P/sup 32/ into the albuminoid RNA fraction from irradiated lenses as compared with control lenses. This increase was maintained for at least 24 hr after irradiation. The results of recovery of C/sup 14/O/sub 2/ from control and experimental lenses incubated with glucose-1-C/sup 14/ or (G-6-P) dehydrogenase showed no changes in irradiated lenses. However, there was an increase in lactate concentration of lens one week after irradiation, which returned to normal at the end of the second week. Anaerobic glycolysis was not only unaffected by radiation, but may be capable of an increased activity aftermore » exposure to radiation. It appears that there is a marked increase in the turnover of the albuminoid RNA as reflected by an increased incorporation of P/sup 32/ into this molecule, while the concentration of this RNA remains unchanged. (TCO)« less
Some Properties of the Polyamine Deprivation-inducible Uptake System for Methylglyoxal Bis(guanylhydrazone) in Tumor Cells. (1981)

Intracellular polyamine deprivation, produced by DL-alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), resulted in a striking enhancement of cellular transport of the natural polyamines and methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) (MGBG). In addition to the natural polyamines and MGBG, the uptake of other diamines and triamines was likewise enhanced in response to DFMO, although longer than three-carbon backbone was required for about 10-fold stimulation to occur. Intracellular deprivation of polyamines did not increase the affinity of the transport system for MGBG but greatly enhanced the maximum velocity of the drug transport. The uptake process of MGBG was temperature dependent and the activation energy (Ea = 67.5 kJ) for the uptake system was the same for both the polyamine-depleted tumour cells and for the untreated cells. The uptake of the drug appeared to be more dependent on the Na+-linked uptake, as indicated by the inhibitory effect of ouabain, than on energy production. Deprivation of putrescine and spermidine changed the intracellular distribution of MGBG since a major portion of the drug was concentrated in the microsomal fraction in polyamine-depleted cells.
Academic surgery amid the COVID-19 pandemic: A perspective of the present and future challenges (2022)

This narrative review describes the trials and tribulations of academic surgeons in four major cities of their respective countries and the solutions they retained to keep academia alive in their practice. The four pillars of an "academic surgeon" _teaching, producing scientific works presented in meetings, publications and research_ are dealt with bearing in mind the modifications brought about by the pandemic and the solutions to keep academia active. Throughout the pandemic, the ultimate goal has been and will be to improve care and train the next generation of surgeons and encourage and monitor researchers, guide the mentees through the tasks of leadership, and foster good sound presentations at scientific meetings and encourage innovative and fruitful publications. The pros and cons of the alternatives imposed by the pandemic for the above-mentioned academic components, based on the literature, are reviewed and analyzed as they are taking place today in Shanghai, Milan, Graz, TaiChung and Hsinchu. Our perspective for the future is that teaching will take a new aspect and make wide use of electronic platforms, but also, the face-to-face modality will surface again. According to local needs and funding, many will most likely choose the hybrid solution (electronic and presential). Production of scientific works in meetings has gained momentum, again with the hybrid solution being preferred. Scientific publications have already increased on topics that are no longer related to COVID-19, and both clinical and experimental research are flourishing. This review can provide insight to guide young and accomplished academic surgeons through these difficult times and beyond, promoting a renaissance of clinical research and relevant publications, teaching of surgery and scientific meetings with a hybrid approach, and, finally, contribute to the training and formation of a new generation of surgeons for the future post-COVID-19 era.
Discovery of anticancer lead compounds from plants of Vietnam (2014)

As part of a P01 collaborative research between the University of Illinois at Chicago and the Ohio State University field expeditions were undertaken in Vietnam from 2004 – 2011 to collect plants for study as potential anticancer agents. The field expeditions resulted in the acquisition of 1,019 primary screening samples, comprising of 445 phytochemically underexplored endemic species. Extracts of 824 samples represented by 398 species were submitted for cytotoxicity (HT-29 and CCD-112CoN) as well as mechanism-based assays (NF-κB p65, proteasome, and MTP inhibition). As a result, 17 new and 42 known compounds with in vitro activity (IC50 < 10 µM) were purified by cytotoxicity-guided fractionation. This research has demonstrated that tropical plants continue to provide numerous chemically diverse secondary metabolites with activity and selectivity for cancer cells.
Organoid modeling for cancer precision medicine (2015)

Three-dimensional organotypic culture models show great promise as a tool for cancer precision medicine, with potential applications for oncogene modeling, gene discovery and chemosensitivity studies.
Rotational temperature measurements of excited and ground states of C2(d 3Πg−a 3Πu) transition in a H2/CH4 915 MHz microwave pulsed plasma (1999)

The rotational temperature of a low energy (0.09 eV), C2 Swan band state (a 3Πu), obtained by white light absorption, is compared to the rotational temperatures of three electronic excited states [C2(d 3Πg),CH(A2Δ) and CN(B 2Σ+)] in a high power, H2/CH4 microwave plasma used for diamond deposition. All temperatures are measured at 50 mbar, and both continuous (as a function of microwave power) and pulsed (as a function of time after the pulse) modes of operation are investigated. The rotational temperature of C2’s excited state is found to be higher than that of the low energy state (assumed equal to the gas temperature), indicating that the excitation of C2 is to a large extent the result of chemical reactions (chemiluminescence) rather than electronic excitation. The rotational temperatures of CH(A 2Δ) and CN(B 2Σ+) excited states are also higher than that for C2’s low energy state temperature.
Secure AAA by Means of Identity Tokens in Next Generation Mobile Environments (2007)

In this paper, the concept of Identity Tokens is described and how this approach can help to build up a stable, reliable and secure AAA <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> infrastructure without loosing sight of privacy. This approach can be used in (mobile) environments to guarantee that a user is not pushed to submit private information that, within his view, is in an untrusted domain, but that he can still be authenticated, authorized and billed.
A Diversity of Asymmetric Nano-/Microcolloidal Architectures Grown by ATRP from Janus Seeds (2019)

The fabrication of colloids has witnessed significant progress during the last decade, however, fabrication of anisotropic colloidal particles with complex geometries still represents a challenging task. Here, we present nano-/micro-sized colloidal architectures which 'grow' directly from nanoparticle seeds by controlled radical polymerization, resembling the growth of plants from seeds in the natural world. Specifically, we use the atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) technique to grow colloidal architectures from snowman-shaped Janus nanoparticle seeds (JNPS). The key to this synthetic approach is the asymmetric placement of the ATRP initiators in the bulk of one JNPS lobe. By starting the polymerization, monomers continuously add to the initiator containing the JNPS lobe, which subsequently grows into a larger colloidal structure. By controlling growth conditions mainly through the interaction strength between the monomer and JNPS, a variety of colloidal architectures result, for example, dish-, basket, cocoon-, flower-, helmet- mushroom-, dumpling and pumpkin-like geometries. Furthermore, each of these grown architectures have different surface morphologies, including smooth-, island- and grouped island nanostructures. The present work provides an alternative method to the synthesis of anisotropic particles with complex geometries and tunable surface morphologies, thus enriching the toolbox for the colloid synthesis.
A Novel Approach to Reducing Postoperative Intraperitoneal Adhesions Through the Inhibition of Insulinlike Growth Factor I Activity (2001)

Both the reduction of systemic IGF-I levels via hypophysectomy and the inhibition of local intraperitoneal IGF-I activity via IGFBP-4 treatment resulted in diminished postoperative adhesion severity. Treatment with IGFBP-4 may play a role in postoperative adhesion prophylaxis in the future.
Building Large DNA Bundles via Controlled Hierarchical Assembly of DNA Tubes (2023)

Structural DNA nanotechnology is capable of fabricating designer nanoscale artificial architectures. Developing simple and yet versatile assembly methods to construct large DNA structures of defined spatial features and dynamic capabilities has remained challenging. Herein, we designed a molecular assembly system where DNA tiles can assemble into tubes and then into large one-dimensional DNA bundles following a hierarchical pathway. A cohesive link was incorporated into the tile to induce intertube binding for the formation of DNA bundles. DNA bundles with length of dozens of micrometers and width of hundreds of nanometers were produced, whose assembly was revealed to be collectively determined by cationic strength and linker designs (binding strength, spacer length, linker position, etc.). Furthermore, multicomponent DNA bundles with programmable spatial features and compositions were realized by using various distinct tile designs. Lastly, we implemented dynamic capability into large DNA bundles to realize reversible reconfigurations among tile, tube, and bundles following specific molecular stimulations. We envision this assembly strategy can enrich the toolbox of DNA nanotechnology for rational design of large-size DNA materials of defined features and properties that may be applied to a variety of fields in materials science, synthetic biology, biomedical science, and beyond.
Synthesis of solvent stable polymeric membranes via UV depth-curing (2013)

Solvent stable polymeric membranes with morphologies ranging from highly porous to dense were prepared via UV curing using dedicatedly designed photopolymerizable compositions. To optimize the UV curing efficiency, various parameters including the photoinitiator type, cross-linker functionality, as well as membrane thickness were investigated. UV modified polysulfone membranes showed excellent solvent stability in addition to a 91% Rose Bengal (1017 Da) retention at a superior ethyl acetate permeance of 8 l m(-2) h(-1) bar(-1) in a typical solvent resistant nanofiltration (SRNF) experiment.
External-cavity coherent operation of InGaAsP buried-hetereostructure laser array (1990)

Coherent operation of a monolithic linear array of InGaAsP buried—heterostructure lasers operating at X = 1.3 .un has been achieved by means of a spatial filter in an external cavity. An array of mass—transported InP microlenses was used to collimate the beams of the individual laser elements and couple the laser array output to the external cavity. The coherent array output exhibited a narrow (3.2 mrad), three—lobe far-field pattern with —65% of the energy concentrated in the central peak.
Effect of Non-parallel Applicator Insertion on 2.45 GHz Microwave Ablation Zone Size and Shape (2019)

Microwave ablation is used clinically to thermally ablate cancerous tissue in the liver and other organs. Physicians may use multiple applicators simultaneously when treating large tumor volumes. Preclinical simulation and experimental studies most often presume parallel insertion of applicators. However, due to anatomical constraints, such as the presence of ribs and the diaphragm, it may be challenging to insert applicators in a parallel configuration. Here, we describe computational models of dual-antenna microwave ablation that account for the effects of temperature-dependent changes in tissue properties. We have also implemented a system for experimental assessment of dual-antenna microwave ablation profiles in ex vivo tissues. Utilizing 3D printing, we have constructed a device that precisely positions antennas within experimental tissue samples and allows for accurate sectioning of the ablation zone relative to the plane of antenna insertion. Furthermore, we implemented image processing techniques for quantifying the size and shape of experimental ablation zones. This enables more accurate and repeatable comparisons of ablation profiles between simulations and experiments. We found that for an inter-antenna spacing ranging from 10 to 20 mm, simulations and experiments indicated that non-parallel antenna insertion results in ablation zone volumes that may change by up to 30%.
Microradiography of biological samples with Timepix (2011)

Microradiography is an imaging technique using X-rays in the study of internal structures of objects. This rapid and convenient imaging tool is based on differential X-ray attenuation by various tissues and structures within the biological sample. The non-absorbed radiation is detected with a suitable detector and creates a radiographic image. In order to detect the differential properties of X-rays passing through structures sample with different compositions, an adequate high-quality imaging detector is needed. We describe the recently developed radiographic apparatus, equipped with Timepix semiconductor pixel detector. The detector is used as an imager that counts individual photons of ionizing radiation, emitted by an X-ray tube FeinFocus with tungsten, copper or molybdenum anode. Thanks to the wide dynamic range, time over threshold mode-counter is used as Wilkinson type ADC allowing direct energy measurement in each pixel of Timepix detector and its high spatial resolution better than 1 m m, the setup is particularly suitable for radiographic imaging of small biological samples. We are able to visualize some internal biological processes and also to resolve the details of insects (morphology) using different anodes. These anodes generate different energy spectra. These spectra depend on the anode material. The resulting radiographic images varies according to the selected anode. Tiny live insects are an ideal object for our studies.
On energy-based profiling of malware in Android (2014)

The growing spread of malware on Android OS requires new approaches for the detection and recognition of malicious applications on mobile devices. An emerging idea is characterizing malicious behaviors in terms of energy consumption, to support the definition of Energy-aware Intrusion Detection Systems that are able to recognize malicious behaviors in terms of their energy footprint. To this aim, the energy consumption of several hardware components of a mobile device must be measured at a sufficiently fine-grained level of precision. Furthermore, the same measurements must not be energy-hungry. In Android, several sources can provide energy consumption information, from high-level API to low level measurements taken directly from the battery driver. In this paper, we consider two approaches to measurements available in literature and, by measuring the consumption of a device under attack, we empirically assess their suitability to support the profiling of both benign and malicious applications in Android. Then, we propose a new approach able to overcome the limitations of the existing ones and we provide empirical evidence on the feasibility and the correctness of our proposal.
The Effects of Transportation on the Tax Base and Development of Cities (1983)

The study develops a model for use in forecasting the impacts of multi-mocal urban transportation improvements. The model, named the Chicago Area Transportation-Land Use Analysis System (CATLAS), is a dynamic methodology developed to forecast and analyze the following types of effects from transportation investments: changes in modal splits, changes in vacancy rates, housing and land values, changes in housing stock, changes in consumer and producer surplus and changes in tax bases. The forecasts are determined annually and by small geographic zones in a metropolitan area. Transportation improvements and investments are represented by changes in zone to zone travel times and costs. A central focus of CATLAS is the evaluation of value capture policy by examining the pecuniary impact of transportation on housing and land values. These benefits may be captured by a special assessment tax and are important in determining benefit-cost calculations.\n
Functional integration of vertical flight path and speed control using energy principles (1984)

A generalized automatic flight control system was developed which integrates all longitudinal flight path and speed control functions previously provided by a pitch autopilot and autothrottle. In this design, a net thrust command is computed based on total energy demand arising from both flight path and speed targets. The elevator command is computed based on the energy distribution error between flight path and speed. The engine control is configured to produce the commanded net thrust. The design incorporates control strategies and hierarchy to deal systematically and effectively with all aircraft operational requirements, control nonlinearities, and performance limits. Consistent decoupled maneuver control is achieved for all modes and flight conditions without outer loop gain schedules, control law submodes, or control function duplication.
Effect of School-Based Fluoride Varnish Programmes on Approximal Caries in Adolescents from Different Caries Risk Areas (2005)

The aim was to evaluate, in a 3-year RCT study, school-based fluoride varnish programme on approximal caries incidence and approximal caries progression in 13- to 16-year-olds in high, medium and low caries risk areas on the Swedish west coast. Seven hundred and fifty-eight (89%) fulfilled the trial. Using a simple mobile unit, 2 dental nurses treated the adolescents with F varnish: (1) twice a year at 6-month intervals, (2) 3 times a year within 1 week, (3) 8 times per year during the semesters with 1-month intervals, and (4) no treatment (control). Radiographic caries recording was performed blindly by one of the authors. Concerning total approximal caries incidence, control groups in all areas developed more caries than F varnish groups, with the largest difference in the high risk area: 3.05 +/- 3.37 new approximal caries lesions (mean +/- SD) compared to 0.54 +/- 1.26 for group 3, 0.95 +/- 1.67 for group 1 and 1.40 +/- 1.89 for group 2 (p < 0.001). More than 90% of the new approximal lesions in all the groups and in all areas consisted of new enamel lesions. Regarding progression of enamel lesions, there were only significant differences between groups 1-3 and group 4 in the high caries risk area. Prevented fraction for fluoride varnish treatment twice a year at 6-month intervals was 69% in high, 66% in medium and 20% in low risk areas. To conclude, school-based F varnish treatment every 6 months in 13- to 16-year-olds is excellent to prevent approximal caries in medium and high caries risk areas.
A Patterned 3D Silicon Anode Fabricated by Electrodeposition on a Virus‐Structured Current Collector (2010)

Abstract Electrochemical methods were developed for the deposition of nanosilicon onto a 3D virus‐structured nickel current collector. This nickel current collector is composed of self‐assembled nanowire‐like rods of genetically modified tobacco mosaic virus (TMV1cys), chemically coated in nickel to create a complex high surface area conductive substrate. The electrochemically depo­sited 3D silicon anodes demonstrate outstanding rate performance, cycling stability, and rate capability. Electrodeposition thus provides a unique means of fabricating silicon anode materials on complex substrates at low cost.
Cyclodextrin-Assisted Hierarchical Aggregation of Dawson-type Polyoxometalate in the Presence of {Re6Se8} Based Clusters (2020)

The association of metallic clusters (CLUS) and polyoxometalates (POM) into hierarchical architectures is achieved using γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) as a supramolecular connector. The new self-assembled systems, so-called CLUSPOM, are formed from Dawson-type polyoxometalate [P<sub>2</sub>W<sub>18</sub>O<sub>62</sub>]<sup>6-</sup> and electron-rich rhenium clusters. It is worth noting that a cluster-based cation [{Re<sub>6</sub>Se<sub>8</sub>}(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> on one hand and a cluster-based anion on the other hand [{Re<sub>6</sub>Se<sub>8</sub>}(CN)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>4-</sup> can be associated with the anionic POM. In the absence of the supramolecular connector, a "CLUSPOM salt" was obtained from aqueous solution of the cationic cluster and the polyoxometalate. In this solid, the arrangement between the polymetallic building blocks is mainly governed by long-range Coulombic interactions. In the presence of γ-CD, the Dawson anion and the cationic cluster are assembled differently, forming a hierarchical supramolecular solid, K<sub>2</sub>[{Re<sub>6</sub>Se<sub>8</sub>}(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sub>2</sub>{[P<sub>2</sub>W<sub>18</sub>O<sub>62</sub>]@2γ-CD}·42H<sub>2</sub>O, where the organic macrocycle acts as a ditopic linker between the inorganic building blocks. In such an edifice, the short-range molecular recognition dominates the long-range Coulombic interactions leading to a specific three-dimensional organization. Interestingly, the assembling of anionic POM [P<sub>2</sub>W<sub>18</sub>O<sub>62</sub>]<sup>6-</sup> with the anionic rhenium cluster [{Re<sub>6</sub>Se<sub>8</sub>}(CN)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>4-</sup> is also achieved with γ-CD despite the repulsive forces between the nanosized anions. The resulting solid, K<sub>10</sub>{[{Re<sub>6</sub>Se<sub>8</sub>}(CN)<sub>6</sub>]@2γ-CD}[P<sub>2</sub>W<sub>18</sub>O<sub>62</sub>]·33H<sub>2</sub>O, is built from 1:2 inclusion complexes {[{Re<sub>6</sub>Se<sub>8</sub>}(CN)<sub>6</sub>]@2γ-CD}<sup>4-</sup> linked by a POM unit interacting with the exterior wall of the organic macrocycle. Multinuclear NMR and small-angle X-ray scattering investigations support supramolecular preorganization in aqueous solution prior to crystallization.