gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Discontinued stimulation of cardiomyocytes provides protection against hypothermia–rewarming‐induced disruption of excitation–contraction coupling (2018)

After exposure of spontaneously beating hearts or electrically stimulated isolated cardiomyocytes to hypothermia-rewarming (H/R), cardiac dysfunction or alteration in excitation-contraction coupling, respectively, is a consequence. In contrast, hypothermic cardiac arrest, as routinely applied during cardiac surgery, will not impose any hazard to cardiac function after rewarming. We hypothesize that by maintaining asystole during H/R, cardiomyocytes will avoid Ca<sup>2+</sup> overload attributable to the transient stimulation-evoked elevation of [Ca<sup>2+</sup> ]<sub>i</sub> and thus, H/R-induced elevation of phosphorylated cardiac troponin I and reduced Ca<sup>2+</sup> sensitivity after rewarming. To test this hypothesis, the aim of the study was to determine whether discontinued electrical stimulation (to imitate hypothermic cardiac arrest) versus stimulation during 3 h of H/R prevents disruption of excitation-contraction coupling in our established cardiomyocyte H/R model. Cytosolic Ca<sup>2+</sup> and the contractile response (sarcomere length shortening) were measured using an IonOptix system, and the dynamic assessment of Ca<sup>2+</sup> sensitivity of contraction was conducted using a phase-loop plot. Cardiomyocytes were divided into three groups. Group 1 (time-matched control) was continuously stimulated at 0.5 Hz for 3 h at 35°C. Group 2 was continuously stimulated during H/R at 0.5 Hz, whereas in group 3 stimulation was discontinued during H/R and thus the cells remained quiescent until the resumption of stimulation after rewarming. The results demonstrate that discontinued stimulation of cardiomyocytes during H/R, imitating hypothermic cardiac arrest during cardiac surgery, provides protection against H/R-induced disruption of excitation-contraction coupling. We suggest that protective effects are caused by preventing the protein kinase A-induced elevation of phosphorylated cardiac troponin I, which is a key mechanism to reduce myofilament Ca<sup>2+</sup> sensitivity of contraction.
On the Transmission of Rate Code in Long Feedforward Networks with Excitatory–Inhibitory Balance (2003)

The capability of feedforward networks composed of multiple layers of integrate-and-fire neurons to transmit rate code was examined. Synaptic connections were made only from one layer to the next, and excitation was balanced by inhibition. When time is discrete and the synaptic potentials rise instantaneously, we show that, for random uncorrelated input to layer one, the mean rate of activity in deep layers is essentially independent of input firing rate. This implies that the input rate cannot be transmitted reliably in such feedforward networks because neurons in a given layer tend to synchronize partially with each other because of shared inputs. As a result of this synchronization, the average firing rate in deep layers will either decay to zero or reach a stable fixed point, depending on model parameters. When time is treated continuously and the synaptic potentials rise instantaneously, these effects develop slowly, and rate transmission over a limited number of layers is possible. However, the correlations among neurons at the same layer hamper reliable assessment of firing rate by averaging over 100 msec (or less). When the synaptic potentials develop gradually, as is the realistic case, transmission of rate code fails. In a network in which inhibition only balances the mean excitation but is not timed precisely with it, neurons in each layer fire together, and this volley successively propagates from layer to layer. We conclude that the transmission of rate code in feedforward networks is highly unlikely.
An innovative partnership in management development (1996)

Describes the main features of a unique management development programme devised by Shepherd Construction Ltd and Leeds Metropolitan University, which features work‐based learning, mentoring and accreditation of prior learning and has resulted in the first group of Shepherd managers recently receiving their postgraduate awards. Demonstrates that industry and higher education can get together and do new and exciting things.
Determination of the Variation in the Water Content across the Wall of a Fused-Silica Crucible by Transmission Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (1988)

One of the uses of fused-silica crucibles is to contain the silicon melt from which semiconductor crystals are grown by the Czochralski method. For three reasons, it is essential that the water content of the crucibles below. First, the softening temperature of the silica is a direct function of the water content. A low water content is necessary to maintain strength and geometry at the high temperatures used in semiconductor crystal growth. Second, water must not cause the contamination of semiconductor crystals. Third, the rate of devitrification is increased by water content. The water content of the crucibles is expected to be uniform, not varying from the inner wall to outer wall. Information on the variation of the water content of fused-silica crucibles is unavailable in the literature. However, transmission infrared spectroscopy has been used to determine water content in fused silica by correlation of the weight loss on heating with the decrease in the absorbance of the Si-OH band at 3680 cm−1. The weight loss is a consequence of the condensation reaction: 2 Si-OH → Si-O-Si + H2O (1)
The Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Measure-Axillary: Conceptualization and Development of Item Content. (2018)

The HDSM-Ax is a well-developed measure of AHH severity based on patient-reported signs and symptoms. It is a superior measure to the HDSS and can be used in clinical research and clinical practice to quantify changes in symptom severity in response to treatment. J Drugs Dermatol. 2018;17(7):707-714.
Neural Compatibility Modeling with Attentive Knowledge Distillation (2018)

Recently, the booming fashion sector and its huge potential benefits have attracted tremendous attention from many research communities. In particular, increasing research efforts have been dedicated to the complementary clothing matching as matching clothes to make a suitable outfit has become a daily headache for many people, especially those who do not have the sense of aesthetics. Thanks to the remarkable success of neural networks in various applications such as image classification and speech recognition, the researchers are enabled to adopt the data-driven learning methods to analyze fashion items. Nevertheless, existing studies overlook the rich valuable knowledge (rules) accumulated in fashion domain, especially the rules regarding clothing matching. Towards this end, in this work, we shed light on complementary clothing matching by integrating the advanced deep neural networks and the rich fashion domain knowledge. Considering that the rules can be fuzzy and different rules may have different confidence levels to different samples, we present a neural compatibility modeling scheme with attentive knowledge distillation based on the teacher-student network scheme. Extensive experiments on the real-world dataset show the superiority of our model over several state-of-the-art baselines. Based upon the comparisons, we observe certain fashion insights that add value to the fashion matching study. As a byproduct, we released the codes, and involved parameters to benefit other researchers.
Correlation of Recipient Factors with the Course of Lymphocytes after Alemtuzumab Induction in Renal Transplantation (2012)

Introduction: The recovery of lymphocytes after alemtuzumab induction has been investigated in a number of trials, however, the clinical course after renal transplantation (KTx) has not been correlated with lymphocyte recovery. Herein, we correlate the outcome and recipient factors with lymphocyte recovery after alemtuzumab induction. Methods: Retrospective analysis of 225 KTx between 01/2004 and 12/2010 which received 30mg alemtuzumab as induction agent. Patients were devided into 4 groups according to lymphocyte recovery at 4 points of time (pre-Tx, 1-3 weeks post-Tx, 3 weeks-3 months post-Tx and 3-6 months after KTx). The relevance of recipient-characteristics was analyzed. Delayed kidney graft function (DGF) was defined as requirement for more than one dialysis within the first week after KTx. Analysis of variance for repeated measurements with measurement time as within-subject factor and with age, CMV status, DGF status as between subject factors were performed. Results: Median age of all recipients was 49.63 years, 65.33% were male. Mean lymphocyte counts were 22.8±9.41% pre-Tx, 2.61±3.11% between week 1 and 3, 6.98±6.7% between 3 weeks and 3 months after Tx and 18.20±11.48% at later time points. Among all factors analyzed, DGF, CMV status and age showed a significant correlation with lymphocyte counts. DGF occured in 27.56% of the recipients. The lymphocyte-counts in the DGF-group were significantly higher, 10.7% vs. 13.13% (p=0.036) post-Tx. CMV-status of the recipient influences the quantity of lymphocytes pre-Tx significantly (p=0.009). Age showed a significant influence on the lymphocyte count 3 months post-Tx (p=0.032). Conclusion: CMV-status and age have a significant impact on lymphocyte recovery after alemtuzumab induction therapy. Lymphocyte counts early after transplantation represent a prognostic factor for kidney function early after transplantation. A detailed analysis of phenotype and function of lymphocytes after alemtuzumab induction together with a correlation with the clinical course is warranted.
Definitive engagement of cytotoxic CD8 T cells in C protein–induced myositis, a murine model of polymyositis (2010)

Perforin-mediated cytotoxicity by CD8 T cells is definitively responsible for muscle injury in CIM.
Growth of Myxococcus xanthus in Continuous-Flow-Cell Bioreactors as a Method for Studying Development (2014)

Nutrient sensors and developmental timers are two classes of genes vital to the establishment of early development in the social soil bacterium Myxococcus xanthus. The products of these genes trigger and regulate the earliest events that drive the colony from a vegetative state to aggregates, which ultimately leads to the formation of fruiting bodies and the cellular differentiation of the individual cells. In order to more accurately identify the genes and pathways involved in the initiation of this multicellular developmental program in M. xanthus, we adapted a method of growing vegetative populations within a constant controllable environment by using flow cell bioreactors, or flow cells. By establishing an M. xanthus community within a flow cell, we are able to test developmental responses to changes in the environment with fewer concerns for effects due to nutrient depletion or bacterial waste production. This approach allows for greater sensitivity in investigating communal environmental responses, such as nutrient sensing. To demonstrate the versatility of our growth environment, we carried out time-lapse confocal laser scanning microscopy to visualize M. xanthus biofilm growth and fruiting body development, as well as fluorescence staining of exopolysaccharides deposited by biofilms. We also employed the flow cells in a nutrient titration to determine the minimum concentration required to sustain vegetative growth. Our data show that by using a flow cell, M. xanthus can be held in a vegetative growth state at low nutrient concentrations for long periods, and then, by slightly decreasing the nutrient concentration, cells can be allowed to initiate the developmental program.
Transcriptional and metabolic signatures of Arabidopsis responses to chewing damage by an insect herbivore and bacterial infection and the consequences of their interaction (2014)

Plants use multiple interacting signaling systems to identify and respond to biotic stresses. Although it is often assumed that there is specificity in signaling responses to specific pests, this is rarely examined outside of the gene-for-gene relationships of plant-pathogen interactions. In this study, we first compared early events in gene expression and later events in metabolite profiles of Arabidopsis thaliana following attack by either the caterpillar Spodoptera exigua or avirulent (DC3000 avrRpm1) Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato at three time points. Transcriptional responses of the plant to caterpillar feeding were rapid, occurring within 1 h of feeding, and then decreased at 6 and 24 h. In contrast, plant response to the pathogen was undetectable at 1 h but grew larger and more significant at 6 and 24 h. There was a surprisingly large amount of overlap in jasmonate and salicylate signaling in responses to the insect and pathogen, including levels of gene expression and individual hormones. The caterpillar and pathogen treatments induced different patterns of expression of glucosinolate biosynthesis genes and levels of glucosinolates. This suggests that when specific responses develop, their regulation is complex and best understood by characterizing expression of many genes and metabolites. We then examined the effect of feeding by the caterpillar Spodoptera exigua on Arabidopsis susceptibility to virulent (DC3000) and avirulent (DC3000 avrRpm1) P. syringae pv. tomato, and found that caterpillar feeding enhanced Arabidopsis resistance to the avirulent pathogen and lowered resistance to the virulent strain. We conclude that efforts to improve plant resistance to bacterial pathogens are likely to influence resistance to insects and vice versa. Studies explicitly comparing plant responses to multiple stresses, including the role of elicitors at early time points, are critical to understanding how plants organize responses in natural settings.
Vascular Hypothesis of Alzheimer Disease (2021)

[Figure: see text].
I/sub DDQ/ test methodology and tradeoffs for scan/non-scan designs (2002)

I/sub DDQ/ techniques have been widely used at Intel over the past years to (a) successfully improve outgoing quality of the products by screening defects early in production testing, (b) eliminate or reduce burn in, and (c) improve overall fault grading. Functional (non-scan) I/sub DDQ/ testing has been implemented successfully on a number of products (i960(R), i386/sup TM/EX, and MCS(R) micro-controllers). With more designs implementing scan, the capability to select, grade and implement scan-based I/sub DDQ/ vectors and the resulting contribution to the overall fault coverage can be complicated. Using this I/sub DDQ/ test methodology, we show how to (a) integrate test techniques into the design flow (b) eliminate the need for fault grading, (c) use scan/I/sub DDQ/ to improve fault coverage, and (d) determine the incremental non-scan and scan I/sub DDQ/ coverage impact on the full chip. This paper details the new test technique, methodology, flows, tradeoffs/benefits, implementation, and results for I/sub DDQ/ vector generation, grading, selection and testing of vectors for non-scan and scan-based designs. This technique allows user(s) the option of eliminating comprehensive fault grading resources, and uses existing or new Electronic Design Automation (EDA) tools to achieve desired quality levels prior to design completion, and production testing.
ChemInform Abstract: ′Naked Fluoride Ion′ from Elemental Fluorine. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Synthèse et évaluation biologique de nouveaux inhibiteurs de la protéine farnésyltransférase (2008)

La proteine farnesyltransferase (FTase) est une enzyme de maturation des proteines impliquees dans la transduction du signal de division et de survie cellulaire. La FTase est apparue alors comme une nouvelle cible therapeutique dans les traitements du cancer, alternative aux therapies traditionnelles existantes. La recherche sur cette enzyme a connu un regain d’interet quelques annees plus tard suite a la decouverte de la presence de la FTase chez certains parasites. Elle compte desormais parmi les nouvelles cibles impliquees dans les maladies parasitaires comme la maladie du sommeil ou le paludisme qui manque cruellement de medicaments suite a l’apparition de phenomene de resistance. La FTase catalyse le transfert d’un groupement farnesyle a partir du pyrophosphate de farnesyle (FPP) sur la cysteine en position C-terminale des proteines. Les recherches sur les inhibiteurs de la FTase se sont principalement orientees vers des inhibiteurs competitifs du motif CaaX terminal de la proteine ou du motif FPP. En revanche, peu d’etudes ont ete menees sur des analogues de type bisubstrat c’est-a-dire occupant les sites de liaison des deux motifs. Cette these se compose de deux parties. La premiere porte sur la synthese et l’evaluation biologique d’analogues du FPP ou la fonction pyrophosphate est remplacee par diverses autres fonctions acides afin d’en trouver un bon mime. La deuxieme partie concerne l’elaboration de molecules possedant les motifs necessaires pour creer des interactions avec les sites de liaison a la fois du FPP et de la proteine dans le but d’obtenir des inhibiteurs de la FTase de type bisubstrat. Ce travail a permis de developper des nouvelles methodes de fonctionnalisation du noyau imidazole. Il a abouti egalement a la conception d’une trentaine de composes dont certains ont revele une activite interessante sur FTase humaine mais egalement sur Plasmodium falciparum et Trypanosoma brucei.
Will melanoma be curable? Perspectives in melanoma therapy (2017)

Az első szerzők a kézirat megírásában egyenlő mértékben
Latent learning for design and knowledge discovery in nanophotonics (2021)

A new deep-learning approach based on dimensionality reduction techniques for the design and knowledge discovery in nanophotonic structures will be presented. It is shown that reducing the dimensionality of the response and design spaces in a class of nanophotonic structures can provide new insight into the physics of light-matter interaction in such nanostructures while facilitating their inverse design. These unique features are achieved while considerably reducing the computation complexity through dimensionality reduction. It is also shown that this approach can enable an evolutionary design method in which the initial design can be evolved intelligently into an alternative with favorable specification like less complexity, more robustness, less power consumption, etc. In addition to providing the details about the fundamental aspects of the latent learning approach, its application to design of reconfigurable metasurfaces will be demonstrated.
A Stable In-Laboratory EXAFS Measurement System (1983)

An EXAFS measurement system with two proportional counters has been constructed. One of the counters is for monitoring the incident X-ray intensity, and the other is for measuring the intensity after the X-rays have passed through the specimen, and has an adjustable length. As the intensities before and after the specimen are measured simultaneously, the system is free from fluctuations of the incident X-ray intensity. By adjusting the length of the latter counter, error caused by the counting loss effect at the energy of the characteristic X-rays of impurities contained in the X-ray tube target has been removed. The EXAFS spectrum of Zn sites in amorphous Mg 70 Zn 30 alloy is measured with this system.
Assessment of Anti-Islanding Schemes on a Distribution System with High DER Penetration and Dynamic VAR Compensators (2022)

The recently introduced power-electronics-based dynamic VAR compensator (DVC) offers an effective solution in mitigating the impacts that high penetration distributed energy resources (DERs) have on distribution systems. One of the concerns about adopting these devices is their impact on distribution system protection, especially islanding detection. This paper proposes a hardware-in-loop (HIL) test-bed based approach to investigate the performance of islanding detection schemes on a distribution feeder. This approach facilitates the assessment of protection system performance under more realistic conditions by emulating actual devices and a distribution system. The results are based on an actual case study that is outlined to show the effectiveness of existing passive anti-islanding schemes and assess the impact of a DVC on islanding detection.
When Fair Isn’t Fair: Understanding Choice Reversals Involving Social Preferences (2019)

In settings with uncertainty, tension exists between ex ante and ex post notions of fairness. Subjects in an experiment most commonly select the ex ante fair alternative ex ante and switch to the ex post fair alternative ex post. One potential explanation embraces consequentialism and construes reversals as time inconsistent. Another abandons consequentialism in favor of deontological (rule-based) ethics and thereby avoids the implication that revisions imply inconsistency. We test these explanations by examining contingent planning and the demand for commitment. Our findings suggest that the most common attitude toward fairness involves a time-consistent preference for applying a naive deontological heuristic.