gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
South Africa: A Toxicologist's Goldmine (2002)

The emerging nation of South Africa, in common with some other countries, notably Eastern Europe, is heir to decades of neglect with regards to the exposure of the majority of its population to toxic materials. In this short review, the major toxic health hazards are described. For most of these risks there are now programs in place to improve the situation, but co-ordination and financial constraints, along with the fact that the majority of the population neither live, nor work, in a controlled environment, mean that much remains to be done. The recent formation of a South African Toxicology society, which strives to bring together environmental, industrial, forensic and clinical toxicology should assist in an improvement, both in the epidemiology of toxicity in South Africa and in improved measures to reduce the incidence of preventable noncommunicable diseases related to both acute and chronic exposure to toxins. The South African scene also provides a "window' of opportunity to study the more fundamental aspects of exposure in human subjects and to couple these to animal and in vitro studies to elucidate the underlying mechanisms where these are unknown.
Analytical Predictions of Thermal Stress in the Stardust PICA Heatshield Under Reentry Flight Conditions (2009)

We performed finite element analyses on a model of the Phenolic Impregnated Carbon Ablator (PICA) heatshield from the Stardust sample return capsule (SRC) to predict the thermal stresses in the PICA material during reentry. The heatshield on the Stardust SRC was a 0.83 m sphere cone, fabricated from a single piece of 5.82 cm-thick PICA. The heatshield performed successfully during Earth reentry of the SRC in January 2006. Material response analyses of the full, axisymmetric PICA heatshield were run using the Two-Dimensional Implicit Ablation, Pyrolysis, and Thermal Response Program (TITAN). Peak surface temperatures were predicted to be 3385K, while the temperature at the PICA backface remained at the estimated initial cold-soak temperature of 278K. Surface recession and temperature distribution results from TITAN, at several points in the reentry trajectory, were mapped onto an axisymmetric finite element model of the heatshield. We used the finite element model to predict the thermal stresses in the PICA from differential thermal expansion. The predicted peak compressive stress in the PICA heatshield was 1.38 MPa. Although this level of stress exceeded the chosen design limit for compressive stresses in PICA tiles for the design of the Orion crew exploration vehicle heatshield, the Stardust heatshield exhibited no obvious mechanical failures from thermal stress. The analyses of the Stardust heatshield were used to assess and adjust the level of conservatism in the finite element analyses in support of the Orion heatshield design.
Organo-alkali Compounds. (1932)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrgano-alkali Compounds.Charles Bushnell. WoosterCite this: Chem. Rev. 1932, 11, 1, 1–91Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1932Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1932https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr60038a001https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60038a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views455Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Miticidal Activity of a New Organotin Compound against Tetranychidae Species (1992)

新規殺ダニ剤, ビス (2-メチル-2-フェニルプロピル)-トリメチルシリルメチルスタニルクロライド (SSI-121), はナミハダニ, ニセナミハダニ, カンザワハダニおよびミカンハダニに対して接触毒として有効に作用した. サイヘキサチン抵抗性のカンザワハダニ, ならびにヘキシチアゾクスおよびフェンブタチンオキサイドの両者に抵抗性のミカンハダニは, 本化合物に対して交差抵抗性を示したが, その程度は低かった.
Towards Joint Inversion of Electromagnetic, Seismic, and Production Data for Reservoir Characterization and Monitoring (2011)

There are variety of measurements that may illuminate the reservoir with varying coverage and resolution such as: Electromagnetic (EM) (controlled-source EM (CSEM), magnetotelluric (MT), surface to borehole (STB), and cross-well EM), Seismic (surface seismic, cross-well seismic and vertical seismic profiling (VSP)), gravity (surface and borehole), and production history/well testing data. Each measurement on its own will provide incomplete information due to the non-uniqueness and limited spatial resolution associated with their interpretations. However, when they are integrated together and combined with other measurements such as near-wellbore data, they may provide considerable values: to enable inference of pertinent reservoir properties, to enhance the predictive capacity of a reservoir model, and to help us in making appropriate field management decisions with reduced uncertainty. In this presentation, we will present an overview of joint inversion approaches for integrating EM, seismic, and production data. For reservoir characterization applications, we will present both joint structural and petrophysical algorithms for integrating EM and seismic data (CSEM &amp; surface seismic and cross-well EM &amp; cross-well seismic). For reservoir monitoring applications we will present EM data (both for cross-well and STB) inversion algorithms constrained by the fluid-flow simulator (ECLIPSE). In the inversion for both EM and seismic we employ full nonlinear approach (or the so-called full-waveform inversion) so that we can utilize all the information from the data. We will also discuss challenges, advantages, and disadvantages of these approaches by using some test cases.
Kit and <i>c-kit</i> Mutations in Mastocytosis: A Short Overview with Special Reference to Novel Molecular and Diagnostic Concepts (2002)

Mastocytosis is a heterogeneous group of hematopoietic disorders characterized by abnormal growth and accumulation of mast cells (MC) in one or more organs. Clinical symptoms occur as a result of the release of chemical mediators and/or of pathologic infiltration of MC in various tissues. Although the initial events leading to mastocytosis have not yet been unraveled, acquired alterations in the &lt;i&gt;c-kit&lt;/i&gt; gene coding for the receptor of stem cell factor (SCF), a major cytokine involved in MC growth, have been described in a significant number of patients. Of particular interest are point mutations resulting in a constitutively activated SCF receptor. Such mutations are probably involved in the abnormal (SCF-independent) proliferation of MC in these patients. New therapeutic strategies may be envisaged to inhibit the deregulated kinase activity of these mutant forms of &lt;i&gt;c-kit&lt;/i&gt;.
Dendrimers as Competitors of Protein–Protein Interactions of the Intrinsically Disordered Nuclear Chromatin Protein NUPR1 (2019)

NUPR1 is a protumoral multifunctional intrinsically disordered protein, which is activated during the acute phases of pancreatitis, interacting with several biomolecules through residues around Ala33 and Thr68. Because of the large size of this hot-spot, designed small molecules could be insufficient to modulate all NUPR1 functions. In this work, we studied NUPR1 interactions with dendrimers by using biophysical techniques and in silico methods. Our results, obtained with different functionalized dendrimers (anionic, cationic and neutral) and several of their generations, indicate that NUPR1 was bound to the dendrimers. Functionalities at the dendrimer periphery modulated the affinity for NUPR1, and for any dendrimer, the affinity increased with generation. The affinities of most of the dendrimers were in the range 4-40 × 10<sup>3</sup> M<sup>-1</sup>, and those of the [Gn]-PhCO<sub>2</sub>Na dendrimers were similar to those of NUPR1 for its natural partners (0.1-1 × 10<sup>6</sup> M<sup>-1</sup>). In all dendrimers, the residues of NUPR1 first affected upon binding were located around Ala33, indicating that NUPR1 employs the same hot-spot to recognize any natural or synthetic molecule.
Influence of sintering temperature and oxygen annealing on transport properties of La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 (2008)

We investigate the influence of sintering temperature and annealing conditions on the transport properties of La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 (LCMO) samples prepared by the solid-state reaction method. In the plot of resistance as a function of temperature, R(T), we observe two peaks for air-annealed samples, which is attributed to the inhomogeneous distribution of oxygen—whereas the sample annealed in oxygen shows only a single peak, which is explained on the basis of homogeneous distribution of oxygen and grain connectivity. The sharpness in the transition peak is described in terms of the temperature coefficient of resistance, which is calculated using R(T) data. We present and compare here the results of structural, transport and magnetic measurements of LCMO prepared at different sintering temperatures as well as under different annealing conditions. The results of the compound are mainly discussed in terms of grain growth and the grain boundaries.
Coding tools in MPEG-4 for interlaced video (2000)

Previous developments in digital video compression, transmission, and displays have made object-based video viable for many applications, e.g., coding chroma-keyed video for digital TV and manipulating video objects on interactive multimedia terminals, etc. To facilitate these applications, there is a demand on international standards for coding methods and transmission formats for object-based natural and synthetic video. For the past few years, the Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) of the International Standards Organization (ISO), which successfully created the MPEG-1/2 standards, has been working to establish a new standard, called MPEG-4. MPEG-4 will provide standardized technological elements enabling the integration of the production, distribution, and content-access paradigms in four fields: wireless communication, digital TV, interactive graphics, and the World Wide Web. To meet the needs of interlaced video applications, MPEG-4 video adopted interlaced coding tools similar to those in MPEG-2 and features schemes to code multiple video objects. This paper provides an overview of MPEG-4 interlaced coding tools, and focuses in detail on the new shape and texture-coding algorithms for interlaced video.
The Phage Lysin PlySs2 Decolonizes Streptococcus suis from Murine Intranasal Mucosa (2017)

Streptococcus suis infects pigs worldwide and may be zoonotically transmitted to humans with a mortality rate of up to 20%. S. suis has been shown to develop in vitro resistance to the two leading drugs of choice, penicillin and gentamicin. Because of this, we have pursued an alternative therapy to treat these pathogens using bacteriophage lysins. The bacteriophage lysin PlySs2 is derived from an S. suis phage and displays potent lytic activity against most strains of that species including serotypes 2 and 9. At 64 μg/ml, PlySs2 reduced multiple serotypes of S. suis by 5 to 6-logs within 1 hour in vitro and exhibited a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 32 μg/ml for a S. suis serotype 2 strain and 64 μg/ml for a serotype 9 strain. Using a single 0.1-mg dose, the colonizing S. suis serotype 9 strain was reduced from the murine intranasal mucosa by >4 logs; a 0.1-mg dose of gentamicin reduced S. suis by <3-logs. A combination of 0.05 mg PlySs2 + 0.05 mg gentamicin reduced S. suis by >5-logs. While resistance to gentamicin was induced after systematically increasing levels of gentamicin in an S. suis culture, the same protocol resulted in no observable resistance to PlySs2. Thus, PlySs2 has both broad and high killing activity against multiple serotypes and strains of S. suis, making it a possible tool in the control and prevention of S. suis infections in pigs and humans.
High-Throughput, Multispecies, Parallelized Plasma Stability Assay for the Determination and Characterization of Antibody–Drug Conjugate Aggregation and Drug Release (2017)

The stability of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) in circulation is critical for maximum efficacy and minimal toxicity. An ADC reaching the intended target intact can deliver the highest possible drug load to the tumor and reduce off-target toxicity from free drug in the blood. As such, assessment of ADC stability is a vital piece of data during development. However, traditional ADC stability assays can be manually intensive, low-throughput, and require large quantities of ADC material. Here, we introduce an automated, high-throughput plasma stability assay for screening drug release and aggregation over 144 h for up to 40 ADCs across five matrices simultaneously. The amount of ADC material during early drug development is often limited, so this assay was implemented in 384-well format to minimize material requirements to <100 μg of each ADC and 100 μL of plasma per species type. Drug release and aggregation output were modeled using nonlinear regression equations to calculate formation rates for each data type. A set of 15 ADCs with different antibodies and identical valine-citrulline-<i>p</i>-aminobenzylcarbamate-monomethylauristatin E linker-drug payloads was tested and formation rates were compared across ADCs and between species, revealing several noteworthy trends. In particular, a wide range in aggregation was found when altering only the antibody, suggesting a key role for plasma stability screening early in the development process to find and remove antibody candidates with the potential to create unstable ADCs. The assay presented here can be leveraged to provide stability data on new chemistry and antibody screening initiatives, select the best candidate for in vivo studies, and provide results that highlight stability issues inherent to particular ADC designs throughout all stages of ADC development.
Perceived informativeness of facts. (1977)

There are many tasks in which people are called on to disregard information that they have already processed. Dealing with inadmissible evidence in a courtroom setting, second-guessing the past, and responding to experimental psychologists' debriefing instructions are three tasks of this type; in all these cases, people have been found to experience considerable difficulty. The present experiment investigates these difficulties in a general form, using almanactype questions. Subjects told the correct answers to such questions were found to overestimate both how much they would have known about the answer had they not been told and how much they actually did know about the answer before being told. Attempts to undo this knew-it-all-along effect by exhorting subjects to work harder or telling them about the bias failed. These results were discussed in terms of how the structure of one's knowledge is altered to accommodate new information.
Fe–Ni-rich Silicate Aggregates Formed after Sulfides in High-pressure Serpentinites (2017)

International audience
Method to Generate Freeform Surfaces from Idea-sketch and Three Dimensional Data (2001)

The Purpose of this study is to generate surface patches which are useful throughout the product-design process in a very short period. We have studied two methods. One is surface generation using a hand-drawn idea-sketch. The other is surface generation using the three dimensional point data measured by commercially obtainable measuring instrument. For hand-drawn idea-sketches, logarithmic transformation, laplacian operation and natural spline curves are introduced. For the three dimensional point data, Delaunay Triangulation is introduced to construct a triangular mesh. Pseudo-normal vectors are calculated using the constructed triangular mesh in a very short time. Product-designers are able to examine the form of the triangular mesh by shading or newly developed color striped shading using pseudo-normal vectors. Then product designers are able to generate the surface patches which are easy to manipulate for narrowing down to the final design.
A Novel Poxvirus-Based Vaccine, MVA-CHIKV, Is Highly Immunogenic and Protects Mice against Chikungunya Infection (2014)

We have developed a novel vaccine candidate against chikungunya virus (CHIKV) based on the highly attenuated poxvirus vector modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) expressing the CHIKV C, E3, E2, 6K, and E1 structural genes (termed MVA-CHIKV). Our findings revealed that MVA-CHIKV is a highly effective vaccine against chikungunya virus, with a single dose of the vaccine protecting all mice after a high-dose challenge with CHIKV. Furthermore, MVA-CHIKV is highly immunogenic, inducing strong innate responses: high, broad, polyfunctional, and long-lasting CHIKV-specific CD8(+) T cell responses, together with neutralizing antibodies against CHIKV. This work provides a potential vaccine candidate against CHIKV.
In vivo simulation of shock wave lithotripsy: Wave focusing in inhomogeneous materials. (2009)

Shock wave generation and focusing in electrohydraulic, electromagnetic, and piezoelectric lithotripters are simulated numerically. Inhomogeneities associated with wave propagation in vivo are modeled using data from The Visible Human Project. The approximate time-domain relaxation model of Yang and Cleveland (2005) was used to simulate attenuation and dispersion in the tissuelike media. The simulations utilize a MUSCL-type shock capturing scheme with adaptive mesh refinement (AMR). In vitro focal region pressure measurements compare favorably with available experimental data for each lithotripter type. Preliminary in vivo simulation results show significant dispersion associated with the nonuniform sound speed, including increases of up to 50% in focal pressure amplitudes and the presence of multiple pressure minima/maxima in the focal waveform. We will also discuss the extension of the AMR framework to account for cavitation via a previously developed ensemble-averaged continuous two-phase flow model.
ApoE Mimetic Peptide Reduces Plasma Lipid Hydroperoxide Content with a Concomitant Increase in HDL Paraoxonase Activity (2009)

ApoE mimetic peptide possesses the putative receptor binding domain 141-150 (LRKLRKRLLR) of apoE covalently linked to the class A amphipathic helical peptide 18A. It dramatically reduces plasma cholesterol in dyslipidemic mouse and rabbit models. Recycling of apoE mimetic peptide increases the duration of preβ-HDL formation leading to extended anti-inflammatory and atheroprotective properties.
Thermal Control of Intermolecular Interactions and Tuning of Fluorescent-State Energies (2019)

The prospect of tuning the energy of emitting states through external stimuli opens the possibility of shifting the energy of emitting units on demand and controlling the bimolecular processes they are involved in. To prove this concept, the fluorescence properties of three differently 9,10-substituted anthracene (ANT) derivatives are investigated in a phase-change material (eicosane). The liquid-to-solid transition of the medium leads to an increase of the local dye concentration, a shortening of the intermolecular distances, and the establishment of excited- and ground-state interactions. As a result, a new contribution to the overall luminescence that derives from the downshifted emission (up to 0.7 eV) from excimer-like species is observed. The addition of a second dye (a Pt-porphyrin) reduces the efficiency of excited- and ground-state complexes between fluorophore units, although it does not prevent the formation of multichromophoric aggregates where interactions between Pt-porphyrin and the emissive state of ANT derivatives are observed. The emission of excimer-like species, formed upon solidification of the medium, can be exploited to further down-shift the fluorescence through energy-transfer processes to a suitable energy acceptor, such as rubrene.
Dispersion in media containing resonant inclusions: where does it come\n from? (2011)

We study the propagation of waves in a quasi 1D homogeneous host medium\nfilled with various resonators. We first prove that a far field coupling\nbetween the elements explains its dispersive nature. This coupling is\ninterpreted as a Fano interference between the incoming wave and the waves\nre-radiated by each resonator, which experience a phase shift at resonance. We\npropose a simple formalism that gives the complete dispersion relation of the\nmedium in terms of the far field response of a single resonator. We prove that\nour approach applies to and unifies various domains such as metamaterials,\nhybridization band gap materials and designer's plasmons. Finally we show that\nthose media, spatially random or organized on a scale larger than the\nwavelength, also present very interesting properties, which broadens the range\nof man made exotic materials.\n
4‐Oxystilbene compounds are selective ligands for neuronal nicotinic αBungarotoxin receptors (1998)

1. Starting from the structure of an old 4-oxystilbene derivate with ganglioplegic activity (MG624), we synthesized two further derivates (F2 and F3) and two stereoisomers of F3 (F3A and F3B), and studied their selective effect on neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) subtypes. 2. MG 624, F3, F3A and F3B inhibited of 125I-alphaBungarotoxin (alphaBgtx) binding to neuronal chick optic lobe (COL) membranes, with nM affinity, but inhibited 125I-alphaBgtx binding to TE671 cell-expressed muscle-type AChR only at much higher concentrations. 3. We immobilized the alpha7, beta2 and beta4 containing chick neuronal nicotinic AChR subtypes using anti-subunit specific antibodies. MG 624, F3, F3A and F3B inhibited 125I-alphaBgtx binding to the alpha7-containing receptors with nM affinity, but inhibited 3H-Epi binding to beta2-containing receptors only at very high concentrations (more than 35 microM); their affinity for the beta4-containing receptors was ten times more than for the beta2-containing subtype. 4. Both MG624 and F3 compounds inhibited the ACh evoked currents in homomeric oocyte-expressed chick alpha7 receptors with an IC50 of respectively 94 and 119 nM. 5. High doses of both MG 624 and F3 depressed the contractile response to vagus nerve stimulation in guinea pig nerve-stomach preparations although at different IC50s (49.4 vs 166.2 microM) The effect of MG624 on rat nerve-hemidiaphragm preparations was 33 times less potent than that of F3 (IC50 486 vs 14.5 microM). 6. In conclusion, MG624 and F3 have a high degree of antagonist selectivity for neuronal nicotinic alphaBgtx receptors containing the alpha7 subunit.
Energy management system for mobility and smart city (2016)

Energy storage is getting more important because of the demand in energy usage for green application. Electric vehicle, hybrid electric vehicle and electric vessel are rapidly emerged and represent new mobility to be developed for this century. To enable such development, good energy storage devices besides battery and super-capacitor are needed seriously. New battery management system, balancing skill and switched-capacitor techniques are examined for applications in this paper. DC power conversion has great benefit and will be an alternative design for smart city to give direct power. Even the electric vehicle will be based on all electric direct drive to eliminate the mechanical subsystem including transmission and bulky suspension. IN this paper, different types of power conversion are described for future mobility and smart city.