gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anxiety, fear extinction, and threat-related amygdala reactivity in children exposed to urban trauma (2022)

Introduction Childhood trauma is strongly associated with fear-related psychopathology, like anxiety and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Atypical fear extinction and neural responses to social threat (i.e., negative emotional faces) may serve as intermediate phenotypes preceding the emergence of fear-related psychopathology during childhood and adolescence. However, few studies have examined associations among these phenotypes in trauma-exposed youth. Methods 29 9-year-old children with high rates of trauma exposure (Mdn = 4, min = 0, max= 14 total events) completed a fear-potentiated startle paradigm assessing fear conditioning and extinction and an emotional faces functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) task assessing neural responses to fearful and neutral faces. Results Overall amygdala response was positively associated with anxiety (peak coordinates: x = −30, y = −6, z = −24; Z = 3.54; pFWE corrected = 0.011; k = 24 voxels) and fear-potentiated startle during early extinction (peak coordinates x = 28, y = −6, z = −18; Z = 3.50; pFWE corrected = 0.012; k = 19 voxels). Across the session, amygdala reactivity to fearful faces increased (F(1, 29) = 4.427, p = .044) and was positively associated with fear-potentiated startle during early extinction (r = .56, p = .002). Conclusions We found a positive association between increasing amygdala response to threatening faces and fear load, that is, heightened fear-potentiated startle during early extinction, in trauma-exposed children. These fear-based intermediate phenotypes may share underlying amygdala circuits, such that hyperactivity may represent an early marker of anxiety risk in trauma-exposed youth.
A New Pharacological and Physiological Aspects of L-Amino Acids (1997)

Taste preferences are altered to reflect physiological needs and to support the recovery from nutritional disorders. The central mechanism both recognition for and adaptation to a deficient essential nutrient, i.e. L-lysine, have been unveiled that the feeding center in the hypothalamus is a primary center nucleus to induce a neuronal plasticity responding to dietary intake of deficient nutrient in the brain and peripherally, such as sense of taste and its concentration change. Changing preferences may act as an alarm, signaling protein malnutrition or metabolic adult disease, such as hypertension for saltiness, diabetes for sweetness, etc. In addition, our consumption of alcohol beverage is still increasing despite of one of candidate to induce the hepatic disorders, because pharmacological function of alcohol in the brain is welcome for people enjoying meal or being relieved from stresses. Preference for both L-alanine and L-glutamine was observed when alcoholic rats fell in the hepatic disorder. Acute alcohol loading induced suppression of motor activity and the hepatic dysfunction, but both amino acids did obviously protect these alcoholic symptoms. People should have to require a little bit more specific L-amino acid physiologically and pharmacologically depending upon different states among aging, lifestyle, metabolic diseases and various stresses.
Synthesis of sialyloligosaccharides using the trans-sialidase from Trypanosoma cruzi: novel branched and di-sialylated products from digalactoside acceptors (2000)

The trans-sialidase from Trypanosoma cruzi efficiently catalyses transfer of α-sialyl residues from p-nitrophenyl sialic acid (p-nitrophenyl N-acetylneuraminic acid) to acceptors containing β-galactose units.
Rate-switching unequal error protection for wireless electrocardiogram (ECG) transmission (2010)

Energy efficiency for mobile wireless electrocardiography (ECG) communication is an important issue due to resource constraints in wireless Body Area Sensor Networks (BASNs). Traditional high quality ECG transmission schemes require substantial amounts of energy usage, which may not be available in BASN. Therefore, an adaptive approach is necessary to provide high quality ECG transmission with efficient usage of available energy resources. Related literature mainly focuses on data compression, where transmission energy is saved because the amount of data being transmitted is reduced. However, further reduction of energy consumption based on communication strategy is rarely discussed in literature. In this paper, we analyze the characteristics of compressed ECG data, which show that different parts of the data are unequally important to quality of ECG transmission in BASN. In this work, we propose a new Rate-switching Un-Equal Protection (RUEP) mechanism, which optimizes the distortion reduction of ECG data by adaptively assigning different Rate Compatible Punctured Convolutional (RCPC) codes to protect the different parts of the compressed ECG data. Simulation results demonstrate that our RUEP scheme results in an improved communication energy efficiency by at least 45 percent compared with traditional schemes in the AWGN channel.
A novel Voltage-mode CMOS quaternary logic design (2006)

This brief presents a novel kind of voltage-mode CMOS design that uses multiple threshold voltage transistors and three power supply lines to implement quaternary logic gates, showing lower power dissipation and using less area than the present voltage-mode quaternary circuits. Inverter, NMIN, and NMAX gates are simulated with the Spice tool using TSMC 0.18-/spl mu/m technology. The proposed logic circuits overcome the limitations of previous implementations used for multiple-valued logic circuits, such as static power consumption and noise vulnerability.
Imagine that – revision in a flash! (2020)

Trainee dental nurse Francesca Walking on how her home-crafted learning tools are helping fellow students visualise a successful future
The use of niobium based catalysts for liquid fuel production (2004)

The catalytic properties of niobium based catalysts were investigated in the conversion of oleic acid to liquid fuels at atmospheric pressure and at 623 K. The catalytic tests were performed in a fixed bed and continuous flow reactor using an acid to catalyst ratio equal to 4 and N2 as carrier gas. The reaction products were analyzed by gas chromatography and acidity measurements. NH3 temperature programmed desorption, N2 adsorption-desorption (BET method) and Xray diffraction were also performed in order to determine the structural and acidic properties of the catalysts. From the catalytic tests, it was detected the formation of compounds in the range of gasoline, diesel and lubricant oils. Higher catalytic activity and selectivity for diesel fuel were observed for the catalysts NbOPO4 and H3PO4/Nb2O5 that possesses higher acidities and surface areas.
Analysis of Fas/CD95 gene somatic mutations in ovarian cancer cell lines (2000)

The Fas/CD95 gene encodes a transmembrane protein with an extracytoplasmic domain, responsible for ligand binding, and a small cytoplasmic domain comprising the death domain, responsible for the association of signal-transducing proteins, such as the Fas-associated death domain (FADD) protein, leading to the recruitment and activation of caspases, the apoptosis effectors (Ashkenazi and Dixit, 1998). During menstrual cycles, the ovarian surface epithelium undergoes a tightly regulated process of differentiation and apoptosis of its cells (Kacinski and Sapi, 1999). The vast majority of ovarian cancer cell lines arise from ovarian surface epithelial cells that might have undergone some mistake in these processes. In vitro data suggest that the programmed death of ovarian epithelial cells is Fas-dependent (Quirk et al., 1997), and the chromosome 10q24 locus, containing the Fas gene is recurrently deleted in ovarian cancer (Mitelman et al., 1997; Mertens et al., 1997). Moreover, somatic mutations of the CD95 gene, causing the loss of protein function, have been reported in human tumors (Tamiya et al., 1998; Landowski et al., 1997; Gronbaek et al., 1998; Shin et al., 1999; Lee et al., 1999a,b). With the hypothesis that CD95 somatic mutations might contribute to the pathogenesis of epithelial ovarian cancer, we performed mutational analysis of its full coding region, comprising exon–intron junctions, in a panel of 8 ovarian cancer cell lines: OVCAR-3, OVCAR-5, OVCAR-8, SKOV-3, IGROV-1, A2780, SW626 and PA-1. The Fas/CD95 coding region was amplified by PCR using the primers previously published (exon 1, Shin et al., 1999; exons 2–9 Gronbaek et al., 1998) from genomic DNA. The CEM cell line and a known mutated lymphoma sample were amplified as positive controls for exons 7 and 9.1, respectively. PCR products were analyzed by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) on a 0.75 × MDE gel (FMC, Rockland, ME), run overnight at room temperature and visualized after silver staining. We were not able to detect somatic mutation in any of the 8 ovarian cancer cell lines. Indeed, anti-Fas antibodies can induce apoptosis and increase the chemosensitivity to cytotoxic drugs in some Fas-positive ovarian cancer cell lines (Ghahremani et al., 1998; Uslu et al., 1996). However, the SKOV-3 cell line is resistant to apoptosis induced by anti-Fas antibodies, despite Fas expression (Wakahara et al., 1997). Since Skov-3 appears to be devoid of genomic mutations within the Fas gene, other molecules involved in the apoptosis cascade subsequent to Fas activation should be altered in ovarian cancer. We thank our colleagues Drs. G. Gaidano (Novara, Italy), for kindly providing the 2 positive controls, and S. Luminari (Milan, Italy), for helpful discussion. Francesco Bertoni frbertoni@tin.it, Annarita Conconi, Stefania Carobbio, Claudio Realini, Anna Maria Codegoni, Emanuele Zucca, Franco Cavalli
Human immunodeficiency virus infection of the human thymus and disruption of the thymic microenvironment in the SCID-hu mouse. (1993)

Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) results in immunosuppression and depletion of circulating CD4+ T cells. Since the thymus is the primary organ in which T cells mature it is of interest to examine the effects of HIV infection in this tissue. HIV infection has been demonstrated in the thymuses of infected individuals and thymocytes have been previously demonstrated to be susceptible to HIV infection both in vivo, using the SCID-hu mouse, and in vitro. The present study sought to determine which subsets of thymocytes were infected in the SCID-hu mouse model and to evaluate HIV-related alterations in the thymic microenvironment. Using two different primary HIV isolates, infection was found in CD4+/CD8+ double positive thymocytes as well as in both the CD4+ and CD8+ single positive subsets of thymocytes. The kinetics of infection and resulting viral burden differed among the three thymocyte subsets and depended on which HIV isolate was used for infection. Thymic epithelial (TE) cells were also shown to endocytose virus and to often contain copious amounts of viral RNA in the cytoplasm by in situ hybridization, although productive infection of these cells could not be definitively shown. Furthermore, degenerating TE cells were observed even without detection of HIV in the degenerating cells. Two striking morphologic patterns of infection were seen, involving either predominantly thymocyte infection and depletion, or TE cell involvement with detectable cytoplasmic viral RNA and/or TE cell toxicity. Thus, a variety of cells in the human thymus is susceptible to HIV infection, and infection with HIV results in a marked disruption of the thymic microenvironment leading to depletion of thymocytes and degeneration of TE cells.
Fundamentos de las divisas virtuales: Bitcoin (2014)

espanolLas divisas virtuales estan ganando popularidad gracias a la publicidad que los medios de comunicacion les estan proporcionando con las frecuentes noticias sobre el tema. Los beneficios de anonimato y los crecientes intereses financieros que empiezan a rondar a este tipo de activos estan dando lugar a un incremento considerable del numero de usuarios asi como de su precio de mercado. En este documento se hace un analisis de los fundamentos de funcionamiento en los que se basa la mas popular de estas divisas virtuales: Bitcoin. EnglishVirtual currencies are experiencing a growth in popularity thanks to the promotion that media is achieving with the numerous news on the subject. The benefits of anonymity and the growing financial interest around this kind of actives is giving place to an increase in the number of users as well as its market price. This brief presents the working fundamentals of one of the most popular virtual currencies: Bitcoin.
Automated synthesis of EDACs for FLASH memories with user-selectable correction capability (2010)

Tackling the design of a mission-critical system is a rather complex task: different and quite often contrasting dimensions need to be explored and the related trade-offs need to be evaluated. Designing a mass-memory device is one of the typical issues of mission-critical applications: the whole system is expected to accomplish a high level of dependability which highly relies on the dependability provided by the mass-memory device itself. NAND flash-memories could be used for this goal: in fact on the one hand they are nonvolatile, shock-resistant and powereconomic but on the other hand they have several drawbacks (e.g., higher cost and number of erasure cycles bounded). Error Detection And Correction (EDAC) techniques could be exploited to improve dependability of flash-memory devices: in particular binary Bose and Ray-Chaudhuri (BCH) codes are a well known correcting code technique for NAND flash-memories. In spite of the importance of error correction capability several other equally critical dimensions need to be explored during the design of binary BCH codes for a flash-memory based mass-memory device. No systematic approach has so far been proposed to consider them all as a whole: as a consequence a novel design environment with a user-selectable error correction capability is aimed at supporting the design of binary BCH codes for a flash-memory based mass-memory device.
The Effect of Botulinum Toxin Injections on the Nasolabial Fold (2003)

Received for publication March 13, 2003. Rod J. Rohrich, M.D. Department of Plastic Surgery University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, E7.212 Dallas, Texas 75390-9132 [email protected] Drs. Rohrich and Fagien co-chair the Plastic Surgery Educational Foundation’s committee, sponsored by Thomson Advanced Therapeutics Communications, to educate board-certified plastic surgeons on the clinical use of botulinum toxin type A. They own no stock or stock options in Allergan, Elan, or Ipsen. Dr. Rohrich has served as a consultant to Elan.
Intelligent Street Light System Based on NB-IoT and Energy-saving Algorithm (2018)

Aiming at saving energy and reducing the maintenance cost and difficulty of the urban street lighting system, this paper proposes a design scheme for an intelligent LED Street light control system based on NB-IoT network. The solution consists of a cloud server, a remote monitoring interface, and street light control terminals. Combined with NB-IoT network and Power Line Carrier (PLC) communication, this solution realizes local intelligent control and remote supervision of LED street lights. During daytime when lights are normally off, if the light intensity sensor detects that the natural brightness is insufficient, lights will be turned on at a required level. During nighttime when lights are normally on, the on-demand lighting is achieved by the energy-saving algorithm described in this paper. Meanwhile, environmental monitoring can be realized as well as fault alarm and abnormal protection.
Ground‐Based Aerosol Measurements (2017)

Abstract This article summarizes the collection methods and analytical approaches used for the analysis of time‐integrated samples (i.e. samples collected over a period of time and returned to the laboratory for analysis) and continuous methods (i.e. in‐field measurements) for the measurement of airborne particles. The collection method needs to be considered an integral part of the quantification process since how samples are collected can impact whether the results represent what is in the air or have been modified. Thus, the primary focus of this article is on measurement process, collection and analysis, with only a short description of the motivation for these measurements.
Use of FITC-Inulin As a Real-Time Marker For Intestinal Graft Viability (2016)

AlKukhun, Abedalrazaq O. MBBS; Bertacco, Alessandra; Abraham, Armando Salim Munoz MD, MBEE; Caturegli, Giorgio; D’Amico, Francesco MD, PhD; Rodriguez-Davalos, Manuel I. MD, FACS; Mulligan, David C. MD, FACS; Geibel, John P. Author Information
Accessibility to tissue‐specific genes from methylation profiles of mouse brain genomic DNA (1995)

The DNA methylation status of a large number of genomic loci is visualized simultaneously and quantitatively as two-dimensional gel spots in the newly developed restriction landmark genomic scanning with a methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme (RLGS-M). Here, we demonstrate that RLGS-M using NorI as a methylation-sensitive enzyme could also scan gene loci of mammalian genomes, since almost all of the NotI loci corresponding to randomly chosen RLGS-M spots were located near or in transcriptional units (6 out of 7 NotI-linking clones) when mouse brain genomic DNA was used. This supports the previous prediction that most NotI sites are located in CpG islands (Lindsay and Bird, Nature 1987, 327, 336-338). Furthermore, beginning with RLGS-M spots we examined how to approach their corresponding RNA messages, whose expression may be associated with methylation. We compared RLGS-M patterns among various developmental stages of the mouse brain from embryonic day 9.5 to postnatal 8 weeks or among in vitro cell lines, and detected alterations of RLGS-M spots which were due to methylation of NotI sites. Two experiments using NotI-linking clones or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were carried out to approach to their corresponding RNA messages. Consequently, we isolated two PCR-amplified clones (# 15 and # 91) which corresponded to methylatable loci and gave positive signals to mRNA from the adult brain. Furthermore, we identified two NotI-linking clones (C211 and C198) whose corresponding NotI loci localized near or at transcriptional units and were methylated in cell lines.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 stimulates proliferation and activates multiple cascades of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways in NIH-OVCAR3 human epithelial ovarian cancer cells (2006)

Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2), the second most abundant IGFBP in the circulation, is dramatically increased in the serum and ovarian cyst fluid of women with epithelial ovarian cancer. The specific role of IGFBP-2 in ovarian carcinogenesis remains elusive. Using NIH-OVCAR3 human epithelial ovarian cancer cells, we have evaluated the effects of IGFBP-2 and its antibody on cell proliferation, activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase) pathways and on cytokine expression. Treatment of the cells with IGFBP-2 stimulates cell growth significantly (p<.05) and potentiates the activation of (1) the extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK1/2) signaling pathway, which transduces cell-specific growth and differentiation signals; (2) the stress-activated protein kinases/c-Jun N-terminal kinases (SAPK/JNK) pathway, which is activated by environmental stresses, inflammatory cytokines, growth factors and G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) agonists; and (3) the p38 MAP kinase pathway, which mediates inflammatory and stress responses. Suppression of IGFBP-2, with its neutralizing antibody, significantly (p<.05) retards cell growth, blocks the activation of all three cascades of the MAPK pathways and downregulates the expression of a number of potential cancer-promoting cytokines. These novel findings may have important clinical implications for developing innovative strategies for the treatment and management of ovarian cancer.
Can medio-lateral baseplate position and load sharing induce asymptomatic local bone resorption of the proximal tibia? A finite element study (2009)

Local bone resorption of the proximal tibia can occur after TKA and might be attributed to a stress shielding effect. This FE study shows that the medial periprosthetic region of the tibia is more sensitive than the lateral region to mediolateral positioning of the baseplate. Medial cortical support of the tibial baseplate is important for normal stress transfer to the underlying bone. The absence of medial cortical support of the tibial baseplate may lead to local bone resorption at the proximal tibia, as a result of the stress shielding effect. The presence of a complete layer of cement can reduce stress shielding, though. Despite the fact that the local bone resorption is asymptomatic and non-progressive, surgeons should be aware of this phenomenon in their interpretation of follow-up radiographs.
Synthesis and biological activity of some antitumor benzophenanthridinium salts (1975)

A facil synthesis of benzophenanthridinium salts has been developed and used for preparing a number of these compounds. The antitumor activities in mouse leukemia L1210 (LE) and P388 (PS) were determined as well as some selected antimicrobial activities. Although antitumor activity was exhibited by several of the derivatives, none was as active as the naturally occurring alkaloid fagaronine. Fagaronine was made available as a synthetic by an improved procedure. Some structure-activity relationships among antitumor benzophenanthridinium salts are discussed.
Suppression of color breakup in color‐sequential multi‐primary projection displays (2006)

Abstract— Field‐sequential projection displays exhibit a phenomenon of color breakup (Rainbow effect). This is considered to be a disturbing artifact with negative marketing impact. The results of a psychophysical experiment comparing the visibility of the phenomenon in RGB and multi‐primary displays is described. Surprisingly, it is found that color breakup in color‐sequential projection displays with five primaries is equally (for 75 Hz) or less (for 105 Hz) visible than in similar displays with three primaries (at 180 Hz), despite the lower refresh rates.
Carbon Nanotubes: Short Channel Field-Effect-Transistors with Inkjet-Printed Semiconducting Carbon Nanotubes (Small 41/2015) (2015)

For short-channel field-effect transistors with inkjet-printed semiconducting carbon nanotubes, a novel fabrication strategy is developed by M. C. Hersam, A. Dodabalapur, and co-workers to minimize material consumption. On page 5505 they show how a single droplet of 10 pL ink containing 0.5 pg of nanotubes can be used, confining the inkjet droplet into the active channel area. This fabrication approach is compatible with roll-to-roll processing and enables the formation of high-performance short channel device arrays based on inkjet printing.
Instrumentation for diagnostics and control of laser-accelerated proton (ion) beams (2013)

Suitable instrumentation for laser-accelerated proton (ion) beams is critical for development of integrated, laser-driven ion accelerator systems. Instrumentation aimed at beam diagnostics and control must be applied to the driving laser pulse, the laser-plasma that forms at the target and the emergent proton (ion) bunch in a correlated way to develop these novel accelerators. This report is a brief overview of established diagnostic techniques and new developments based on material presented at the first workshop on 'Instrumentation for Diagnostics and Control of Laser-accelerated Proton (Ion) Beams' in Abingdon, UK. It includes radiochromic film (RCF), image plates (IP), micro-channel plates (MCP), Thomson spectrometers, prompt inline scintillators, time and space-resolved interferometry (TASRI) and nuclear activation schemes. Repetition-rated instrumentation requirements for target metrology are also addressed.