gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the spectral advantages of sol-gel layered erbium doped waveguide amplifiers (2004)

High levels of net gain have recently been reported in sol-gel phosphorous-aluminium co-doped silica waveguides. However, compositions providing both high net gain and large spectral width have not yet been achieved. In this paper we propose the use of laminated cores of multiple compositions to achieve improved spectral performance in erbium-doped waveguide amplifiers. We demonstrate the potential advantages of this technique by simulations of cores laminated from previously demonstrated individual glasses.
Identification of Specific Components of the Eicosanoid Biosynthetic and Signaling Pathway Involved in Pathological Inflammation during Intra-abdominal Infection with Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus (2018)

Polymicrobial intra-abdominal infections (IAIs) are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly when fungal pathogens are involved. Our experimental murine model of IAI involving intraperitoneal inoculation of <i>Candida albicans</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> results in synergistic lethality (∼80%) due to exacerbated inflammation. Monomicrobial infection results in no mortality, despite a microbial burden and dissemination similar to those in a coinfection. In the coinfection model, the immunomodulatory eicosanoid prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> (PGE<sub>2</sub>) was determined to be necessary and sufficient to induce mortality, implicating PGE<sub>2</sub> as the central mediator of the amplified inflammatory response. The aim of this study was to identify key components of the PGE<sub>2</sub> biosynthetic and signaling pathway involved in the inflammatory response and explore whether these can be targeted to prevent or reduce mortality. Using selective pharmacological inhibitors of cyclooxygenases (COX) or PGE<sub>2</sub> receptor antagonists in the <i>C. albicans</i>-<i>S. aureus</i> IAI mouse model, we found that inhibition of COX and/or blocking of PGE<sub>2</sub> receptor 1 (EP1) or PGE<sub>2</sub> receptor 3 (EP3) signaling reduced proinflammatory cytokine production, promoted interleukin-10 production, reduced cellular damage in the peritoneal cavity, and, most importantly, significantly improved survival. The greatest effect on survival was obtained by the simultaneous inhibition of COX-1 activity and EP1 and EP3 receptor signaling. Importantly, early inhibition of PGE<sub>2</sub> pathways dramatically improved the survival of fluconazole-treated mice compared with that achieved with fluconazole treatment alone. These findings indicate that COX-1 and the EP1 and EP3 receptors mediate the downstream pathological effects of PGE<sub>2</sub> during polymicrobial IAI and may serve as effective therapeutic targets.
Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes Embedded in Active Masses for High-Performance Lead-Acid Batteries (2016)

This work reports on successful attempts to improve the performance of lead-acid batteries by the use of carbon nanotubes as additives to the active mass of both positive and negative electrodes. Both single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) from commercial sources were tested. The use of SWCNT seems to be very advantageous based on this work. Lead-acid prototype cells which electrodes contained SWCNT showed superior performance in terms of high specific capacity, improved cycle-life, low resistivity, better kinetics and higher rate capability. Post mortem analysis by electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy indicated their stability in both electrodes during prolonged cycling. Morphological, structural and surface area analyses seemed to prove that the presence of SWCNT mitigates pronouncedly the detrimental sulfation phenomena, namely, formation of large, inaccessible PbSO4 particles upon discharge. We suggest that their presence in both positive and negative electrodes of these batteries increases the effective electronic conductivity and improves the contact among the particles, thus leading to homogeneous current distribution throughout the electrodes. We achieved specific electrodes capacities around 120 mAh g−1 and could demonstrate 950 cycles with cells operating at 25% depth-of-discharge by adding SWCNT, while CNT-free cells could exhibit only 90 mAh g−1 and reach only 200 cycles at the same experimental conditions.
Systematic Co-Design of Matching Networks and Rectifiers for CMOS Radio Frequency Energy Harvesters (2019)

This paper presents a systematic methodology for the co-design of matching network and rectifier of radio frequency (RF) harvesters that results in maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) for a given available power. This method is based on our newly developed rectifier model capable of calculating the CMOS Dickson's rectifier's input/output voltages at a given input power developed for low/high input power regimes. The proposed model allows for the co-design of the matching network and the rectifier in a fraction of time that takes for the design of the RF energy harvester using previously developed models relying on the knowledge of rectifier's input voltage levels where a computationally extensive iterative design procedure must be performed because of the interdependence of the rectifier's input voltage, the input power, and the matching network's and rectifier's parameters. The proposed methodology is capable of accurately predicting matching network components' sizes for both the lossless and lossy matching networks for a maximum power transfer. Utilizing the proposed methodology, the designers can produce efficiency contour plots for a given input power for finding the optimum matching network and rectifier's parameters for maximum PCE. The model, simulation, and measurement results for different parameters and input power levels in a 130-nm process are in good agreement.
Naked Poly(amidoamine) Dendrimer Nanoparticles Exhibit Intrinsic Embryotoxicity During the Early Stages of Normal Development (2020)

To investigate the impact of poly(amidoamine) dendrimers (PAMAMs) in the embryo, we explored the outcome of different generations (G₄ and G<sub>6</sub>) on the early stages of embryogenesis using the chicken embryo as a model. We also monitored their effect on angiogenesis in the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). Our data revealed that cationic PAMAMs provoke substantial embryotoxicity, as they significantly induce death (up to 50%, p < 0 05) and inhibit angiogenesis of the CAM (up to 30%, p < 0 05) in a generation-dependent manner in comparison to controls and other types of PAMAMs (anionic and neutral). Moreover, cationic PAMAMs alter the expression of genes related to cell survival, cell cycle, proliferation, transcription factor, apoptosis, and angiogenesis, as shown by RT-PCR analysis. Our data suggest that PAMAM dendrimers exhibit intrinsic toxicity in embryos at the early stages and inhibits angiogenesis of the CAM. Thus, future studies are necessary to illustrate the exact mechanism of PAMAM dendrimers in embryotoxicity.
Propositions pour la représentation et l'analyse de documents numériques (2006)

The research works presented in this document deal simultaneously with document images analysis and human-computer interaction. In both subjects, electronic documents could be seen as collection of elementary objects gathered on a physical support (support level). At a higher level, it is also possible to be interested in the relations and in the links between the different elements of content constituting the documents (structure level). Finally, the sense or the message carried by the document should not be ignored when we try to analyse its content regarding as well the images as the interfaces (semantic level). Three main problematics are developed by using this three level structure. The first one concerns the construction of representations for the description of the content of the document images and of on-line strokes. Different algorithms for the automatic construction of these representations starting with the data provided by the acquisition devices (images for off-line documents and set of ordered points for on-line documents) are discussed. Next, the analysis strategies and recognition methods available to work on such representations in order to achieve the interpretation of the contents of the documents are presented. Finally, we explain how the three level structure of the electronic documents can be exploited in order to generate adaptive interfaces. The objective is to format and display the information needed by the end users according to their profile in particular when they are using hyperdocuments during e-learning sessions. In all the cases a particular attention is turned to the modelling of the data and processing to obtain generic frameworks.
A real-time PCR assay for direct characterization of theNeisseria gonorrhoeaeGyrA 91 locus associated with ciprofloxacin susceptibility (2015)

The use of a PCR assay for detection of mutation in gyrA applied directly to clinical samples can predict ciprofloxacin susceptibility in N. gonorrhoeae.
Airway sizes and proportions in children quantified by a video-bronchoscopic technique (2006)

The large airways progressively increase in cross sectional area size, maintain constant proportional relationships to the cricoid and are gender independent across childhood. Anthropometric factors (body length and weight) are significantly related to but only have weakly predictive influences on major airway size. The cricoid is the most suitable comparator for other airway site measurements. These data provide for quantitative comparisons of airway lesions.
Self-doping behavior and cation disorder in MgSnN2 (2022)

Investigations on $\mathrm{II}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{Sn}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ ($\mathrm{II}=\mathrm{Mg}$, Ca) have been started very recently compared to the intense research of $\mathrm{Zn}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{IV}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ ($\mathrm{IV}=\mathrm{Si}$, Ge, Sn). In this work, we study the phase stability of ${\mathrm{MgSnN}}_{2}$ and ${\mathrm{ZnSnN}}_{2}$ in wurtzite and rocksalt phases by first principles calculations. The calculated phase diagram agrees with the experimental observation; i.e., ${\mathrm{MgSnN}}_{2}$ can form in the wurtzite and rocksalt phases while ${\mathrm{ZnSnN}}_{2}$ only crystallizes in the wurtzite phase. Due to the higher ionicity of Mg-N bonds compared to Sn-N bonds and Zn-N bonds, wurtzite-type ${\mathrm{MgSnN}}_{2}$ appears under Mg-rich conditions. The defect properties and doping behavior of ${\mathrm{MgSnN}}_{2}$ in the wurtzite phase are further investigated. We find that ${\mathrm{MgSnN}}_{2}$ exhibits self-doped $n$-type conductivity, and donor-type antisite defect ${\mathrm{Sn}}_{\mathrm{Mg}}$ is the primary source of free electrons. The high possibility of forming the stoichiometry-preserving ${\mathrm{Mg}}_{\mathrm{Sn}}+{\mathrm{Sn}}_{\mathrm{Mg}}$ defect complex leads to our study of cation disorder in ${\mathrm{MgSnN}}_{2}$ by using the cluster expansion method with first principles calculations. It is found that cation disorder in ${\mathrm{MgSnN}}_{2}$ induces a band-gap reduction because of a violation of the octet rule. The local disorder, namely, forming (4,0) or (0,4) tetrahedra, leads to an appreciable band-gap reduction and hinders the enhancement of the optical absorption.
Mechanical Allodynia Assessment in a Murine Neuropathic Pain Model (2018)

Experimental animal models are unique tools (i) to study pain transmission and pathophysiology of neuropathic pain, (ii) to identify novel molecular targets and (iii) to test the potential analgesic effect of specific molecules. The chronic constriction injury (CCI) model of neuropathic pain is the first model of post-traumatic painful peripheral neuropathy, originally developed by Bennett and Xie in the late 1980s. The chronic constriction is performed in the sciatic nerve and induces a partial denervation involving myelinated afferent axons and unmyelinated axons. Damage to unmyelinated axons is much more severe than myelinated afferents. As the model induces a partial denervation, it is very useful for the analysis of pain behaviours. Stimulation of the hind paw, a target of the sciatic nerve, induces pain which can be quantitated. Thus, mechanical allodynia is usually assessed 7, 14 and 21 days after CCI of the sciatic nerve by measuring the hind paw withdrawal response to von Frey filament stimulation. Here, we describe in detail the protocol allowing a reliable and reproducible CCI model in mice. Overall, researchers most commonly use this surgical model to discover more efficacious drugs for the pharmacological control of chronic pain states.
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Otolaryngology (1995)

Educational objectives : To diagnose and treat gastroesophageal reflux disease with state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Evidence for the existence of a thylakoid intrinsic protein that binds ferredoxin-NADP+ oxidoreductase. (1984)

The ferredoxin-NADP+ oxidoreductase of spinach chloroplasts was purified from a Triton X-100 thylakoid extract closely associated with an intrinsic polypeptide of 17.5 kDa. The 17.5-kDa polypeptide-reductase complex differs from soluble ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase in (a) its elution profile in an Affi-Gel blue column; (b) its behavior in isoelectric focusing electrophoresis; and (c) giving different immunoelectrophoretic arcs. The diaphorase activity of the purified complex showed the same pH profile of thylakoid-bound reductase. The curve changed to a form similar to that of soluble reductase after dissociation of the complex. Dissociation allowed separation of the components and was reversible. It is suggested that the 17.5-kDa intrinsic polypeptide is the reductase-binding protein and that it may play an important role in the physiological regulation of the reductase and of photosynthetic electron transport.
Experimental Investigation of the Low Temperature Oxidation of the Five Isomers of Hexane (2014)

The low-temperature oxidation of the five hexane isomers (n-hexane, 2-methyl-pentane, 3-methyl-pentane, 2,2-dimethylbutane, and 2,3-dimethylbutane) was studied in a jet-stirred reactor (JSR) at atmospheric pressure under stoichiometric conditions between 550 and 1000 K. The evolution of reactant and product mole fraction profiles were recorded as a function of the temperature using two analytical methods: gas chromatography and synchrotron vacuum ultraviolet photoionization mass spectrometry (SVUV-PIMS). Experimental data obtained with both methods were in good agreement for the five fuels. These data were used to compare the reactivity and the nature of the reaction products and their distribution. At low temperature (below 800 K), n-hexane was the most reactive isomer. The two methyl-pentane isomers have about the same reactivity, which was lower than that of n-hexane. 2,2-Dimethylbutane was less reactive than the two methyl-pentane isomers, and 2,3-dimethylbutane was the least reactive isomer. These observations are in good agreement with research octane numbers given in the literature. Cyclic ethers with rings including 3, 4, 5, and 6 atoms have been identified and quantified for the five fuels. While the cyclic ether distribution was notably more detailed than in other literature of JSR studies of branched alkane oxidation, some oxiranes were missing among the cyclic ethers expected from methyl-pentanes. Using SVUV-PIMS, the formation of C2-C3 monocarboxylic acids, ketohydroperoxides, and species with two carbonyl groups have also been observed, supporting their possible formation from branched reactants. This is in line with what was previously experimentally demonstrated from linear fuels. Possible structures and ways of decomposition of the most probable ketohydroperoxides were discussed. Above 800 K, all five isomers have about the same reactivity, with a larger formation from branched alkanes of some unsaturated species, such as allene and propyne, which are known to be soot precursors.
Adaptive Ruled Layer Approximation and Slicing for 3D Rapid Prototyping (2002)

This paper presents a new method of generating adaptive ruled layers for rapid prototyping of 3D complex parts. To increase the accuracy and reduce the build time, an adaptive ruled layer approximation of the Stereolithography (STL) models for rapid prototyping processes is presented. Surface errors are analyzed to find the maximum errors at different layers of RP parts. By finding the RP surface errors, adaptive ruled layers are generated from the STL models. Using the constructed ruled layers of the STL models, multi-axis material removal process is integrated with the traditional rapid prototyping process to achieve better surface accuracy and to reduce the total build time.
Molecular Pathways: Immune Checkpoint Antibodies and their Toxicities (2016)

The emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors for solid tumor treatments represents a major oncologic advance. Since the approval of ipilimumab, a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) antibody, for the treatment of metastatic melanoma, many drugs, especially those targeting PD-1/PD-L1, have demonstrated promising antitumor effects in many types of cancer. By reactivating the immune system, these immunotherapies have led to the development of new toxicity profiles, also called immune-related adverse events (irAE). IrAEs can involve many organ systems, and their management is radically different from that of cytotoxic drugs; irAEs require immunosuppressive treatments, such as corticoids or TNFα antibody. In addition, the occurrence of irAEs has raised significant questions. Here, we summarize progress that has been made toward answering these questions, focusing on (i) the impact of immunotherapy dose on irAE occurrence, (ii) the correlation between irAE and patient outcome, (iii) the safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients already treated for autoimmune disease, and (iv) the suspected effect on tumor growth of steroids used for the management of irAEs. Clin Cancer Res; 22(18); 4550-5. ©2016 AACR.
Design and Implementation of an Anomaly Detector (2005)

This paper describes the design and implementation of a general-purpose anomaly detector for streaming data. Based on a survey of similar work from the literature, a basic anomaly detector builds a model on normal data, compares this model to incoming data, and uses a threshold to determine when the incoming data represent an anomaly. Models compactly represent the data but still allow for effective comparison. Comparison methods determine the distance between two models of data or the distance between a model and a point. Threshold selection is a largely neglected problem in the literature, but the current implementation includes two methods to estimate thresholds from normal data. With these components, a user can construct a variety of anomaly detection schemes. The implementation contains several methods from the literature. Three separate experiments tested the performance of the components on two well-known and one completely artificial dataset. The results indicate that the implementation works and can reproduce results from previous experiments.
ASSESSING TOXIC POTENCY OF AMBIENT AIR USING BIO-ANALYTICAL METHODS: A CASE STUDY USING PASSIVE AIR SAMPLING (2007)

Hazardous air pollutants are present in ambient air as components of complex mixtures a large proportion of which remains uncharacterised in terms of exposure or effect. Current regulatory approaches however focus on relatively few individual components of this mixture, which are sufficiently characterised, for monitoring and potential regulation. Bio-analytical assessments may be undertaken for complex mixtures for specific mechanisms of toxicity. These assessments would provide a screening tool for overall toxic potency. A framework is outlined for the application of a mode of action test battery for these assessments. Passive air samplers which may be deployed over wide spatial scales simultaneously are particularly suited as a screening tool for assessing exposure. A preliminary field study was conducted at five sites in Queensland using semipermeable membrane devices, a type of passive air sampler. These samples were then assessed for overall toxic potency using the umuC assay (genotoxicity) and analysed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Both toxicity units and maximum induction ratios were determined as overall potency estimates. The sum of benzo[a]pyrene equivalents (ΣBaP Eq) was determined for co-deployed samplers. Significant differences were found between some sites using overall potency estimates. A significant correlation was found between toxicity units and the ΣBaP Eq. However, this parameter does not appear to identify the most potent site as assessed bio-analytically suggesting that other non-quantified components may be responsible for observed effect in certain cases.
Determination of the elastic properties of layered materials using laser excitation of ultrasound (2010)

It is proposed to use ultrasonic signals excited by a laser pulse to investigate the elastic properties (impedances, speeds of sound, and densities) of layered media. The results of studying both a model medium with known parameters and a layered composite are reported. The experimental data are in good agreement with the known properties of the samples investigated.
Performance of the RamLink memory architecture (1994)

RamLink is a proposal by the P1596.4 IEEE working group for defining a high bandwidth memory architecture. A RamLink memory system consists of a memory controller and a number of memory chips connected in a ring topology. The signaling rate of the ring is two nanoseconds and the data lane is eight bits wide. The RamLink memory controller implements a packet based protocol to issue read/write requests to the memory chips. The RamLink protocol supports concurrent transfers, making performance prediction more difficult than that of typical memory interfaces. Therefore, we have built a detailed simulation model of both the memory chips and a memory controller. Using the simulator we can observe protocol behavior under various memory read/write access scenarios. The focus of our research is to verify the expected performance of RamLink and to identify limitations in the RamLink protocol. The authors wish to emphasize that this paper presents performance simulations: the details of the RamLink architecture are specified by the IEEE working group. We also compare RamLink to a high bandwidth memory system using a buslike architecture.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Adherence with early infant feeding and complementary feeding guidelines in the Cork BASELINE Birth Cohort Study (2015)

We present the largest prospective cohort study to date on early infant feeding in Ireland. The rate of breast-feeding is low by international norms. Most mothers introduce complementary foods between 4 and 6 months with lengthy gaps between each new food/food product. There is a high prevalence of exposure to infant breakfast cereals, which are composite foods, among the first foods introduced.