gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electric Impulse Drilling: The Future of Drilling Technology Begins Now (2017)

The Electric Impulse Drilling (EID) uses high voltage impulses to destroy the rock. Without any mechanical interaction between a bit and the rock, it works with almost no wear. Because of that, there is a big potential for reducing roundtrips and non-productive time. In a current R&amp;D project, an EID system is built up and will be tested in a shallow well. A very difficult task during the development is the adjustment of the process to high-pressure conditions.
Rapid Activation of Platinum with Black Phosphorus for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution (2019)

Abstract Modulation of the electronic structure of metal catalysts is an effective approach to optimize the electrocatalytic activity. Herein, we show a surprisingly strong activation effect of black phosphorus (BP) on platinum (Pt) catalysts to give greatly enhanced catalytic activity in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The unique and negative binding energy between BP and Pt leads to spontaneous formation of Pt‐P bonds producing strong synergistic ligand effects on the Pt nanoparticles. No Pt‐P bonds are formed with red phosphorus which is another allotrope of P. By controlling the number of Pt‐P bonds, 3.5‐fold enhancement in the HER activity can be achieved from the BP‐activated Pt catalyst and the activity is 6.1 times higher than that of the state‐of‐the‐art commercial Pt/C catalyst. The BP‐activated Pt catalyst exhibits a current density of 82.89 mA cm −2 with only 1 μg of Pt in 1 m KOH at an overpotential of 70 mV.
Distribution of azapropazone and its principal 8-hydroxy-metabolite in plasma, urine and gastrointestinal mucosa determined by HPLC (1985)

Methods are described for the HPLC determination of azapropazone and its 8-hydroxyl metabolite in plasma, urine and gastrointestinal mucosae after purification of samples on reverse-phase mini columns. Plasma levels of the drug in gouty patients receiving 900-2400 mg daily were relatively constant after 5 days, though overall the values were higher than after a single dose. Gastric absorption of azapropazone in rats is relatively rapid suggesting that the low gastric irritancy is probably due to its weak inhibitory effects on prostaglandin and mucus synthesis rather than slow gastric absorption.
Pseudoaneurysm: a rare complication of distal transradial access in the anatomical snuffbox (2019)

The case presented herein demonstrates a rare complication of distal radial access at the anatomical snuffbox.
Finite Element Model Updating Using a Shuffled Complex Evolution Markov Chain Algorithm (2022)

In this paper, a probabilistic-based evolution Markov chain algorithm is used for updating finite element models. The Bayesian approaches are well-known algorithms used for quantifying uncertainties associated with structural systems and several other engineering domains. In this approach, the unknown parameters and their associated uncertainties are obtained by solving the posterior distribution function, which is difficult to attain analytically due to the complexity of the structural system as well as the size of the updating parameters. Alternatively, Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms are very popular numerical algorithms used to solve the Bayesian updating problem. These algorithms can approximate the posterior distribution function and obtain the unknown parameters vector and its associated uncertainty. The Metropolis-Hastings (M-H) algorithm, which is the most common MCMC algorithms, is used to obtain a sequence of random samples from a posterior probability distribution. Different approaches are proposed to enhance the performance of the Metropolis-Hastings where M-H depends on a single-chain and random-walk step to propose new samples. The evolutionary-based algorithms are extensively used for complex optimization problems where these algorithms can evolve a population of solutions and keep the fittest solution to the last. In this paper, a population-based Markov chain algorithm is used to approximate the posterior distribution function by drawing new samples using a multi-chain procedure for the Bayesian finite element model updating (FEMU) problem. In this algorithm, the M-H method is combined with the Scuffled Complex Evolution (SCE) strategy to propose new samples where a proposed sample is established through a stochastic move, survival for the fittest procedure, and the complex shuffling process. The proposed SCE-MC algorithm is used for FEMU problems where a real structural system is investigated and the obtained results are compared with other MCMC samplers.
ChemInform Abstract: LEAD TETRAACETATE OXIDATION OF TRIS(ARYLHYDRAZONES) OF CYCLOHEXANE‐1,2,3‐TRIONES (1985)

Abstract Die symm. bzw. unsymm. Trisarylhydrazone (I) bzw. (VI) werden nach Literaturmethoden hergestellt (55‐80%) und der Oxidationsreaktion A) unterworfen.
Solution Behavior of Styrene‐Methacrylic Acid Random Ionomers by Viscometry and Fluorometry (2004)

Abstract The nature of the molecular association of styrene–cadmium methacrylate random ionomers in solution was studied by viscometry and fluorometry with respect to cadmium content and solvent composition. In tetrahydrofuran (THF), viscosity measurements show the dominance of intramolecular association at very dilute concentrations and the dominance of intermolecular association at high concentrations. Increasing the solvent polarity by mixing THF with methanol resulted in “polyelectrolyte behavior”; this behavior was also observed for ionomers in THF that had not been dried. This suggests the important role of a very small amount of polar solvent on the solution behavior of ionomers. Excimer emission was observed for a fluorescence probe [1,3,6,8‐pyrenetetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt (PTS) Na] inside intramolecular aggregates as well as intermolecular aggregates, indicating that caution needs to be taken when using excimer fluorescence to determine the “crossover concentration”.
RNA Interference in J774 Macrophages Reveals a Role for Coronin 1 in Mycobacterial Trafficking but Not in Actin-dependent Processes (2007)

Macrophages are crucial for innate immunity, apoptosis, and tissue remodeling, processes that rely on the capacity of macrophages to internalize and process cargo through phagocytosis. Coronin 1, a member of the WD repeat protein family of coronins specifically expressed in leukocytes, was originally identified as a molecule that is recruited to mycobacterial phagosomes and prevents the delivery of mycobacteria to lysosomes, allowing these to survive within phagosomes. However, a role for coronin 1 in mycobacterial pathogenesis has been disputed in favor for its role in mediating phagocytosis and cell motility. In this study, a role for coronin 1 in actin-mediated cellular processes was addressed using RNA interference in the murine macrophage cell line J774. It is shown that the absence of coronin 1 in J774 macrophages expressing small interfering RNA constructs specific for coronin 1 does not affect phagocytosis, macropinocytosis, cell locomotion, or regulation of NADPH oxidase activity. However, in coronin 1-negative J774 cells, internalized mycobacteria were rapidly transferred to lysosomes and killed. Therefore, these results show that in J774 cells coronin 1 has a specific role in modulating phagosome-lysosome transport upon mycobacterial infection and that it is dispensable for most F-actin-mediated cytoskeletal rearrangements.
Effectiveness of a Direct-Fed Microbial Product Containing Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei in Reducing Fecal Shedding of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Commercial Feedlot Cattle (2020)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a direct-fed microbial (DFM) product in reducing fecal shedding of <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157:H7 in finishing commercial feedlot cattle in Kansas (KS) and Nebraska (NE). Utilizing a randomized complete block design within the feedlot (KS, <i>n</i> = 1; NE, <i>n</i> = 1), cattle were randomly allocated to 20 pens, grouped in blocks of two based on allocation date, and then, within the block, randomly assigned to a treatment group (DFM or negative control). The DFM product was included in the diet at a targeted daily dose of 1 × 10<sup>9</sup> colony-forming units (CFU) of the <i>Lactobacillus acidophilus</i> and <i>Lactobacillus casei</i> combination per animal for at least 60 d before sampling. Feedlots were sampled for four consecutive weeks; weekly sampling consisted of collecting 20 pen floor fecal samples per pen. Fecal samples were subjected to culture-based methods for detection and isolation of <i>E. coli</i> O157, and positive samples were quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Primary outcomes of interest were fecal prevalence of <i>E. coli</i> O157:H7 and <i>E. coli</i> O157 supershedding (≥10<sup>4</sup> CFU/g of feces) prevalence. Data for each feedlot were analyzed at the pen level using mixed models accounting for the study design features. Model-adjusted mean <i>E. coli</i> O157:H7 fecal prevalence estimates (standard error of the mean [SEM]) for DFM and control groups were 8.2% (SEM = 2.2%) and 9.9% (SEM = 2.5%) in KS and 14.6% (SEM = 2.8%) versus 14.3% (SEM = 2.6%) in NE; prevalence did not differ significantly between treatment groups at either site (KS, <i>p</i> = 0.51; NE, <i>p</i> = 0.92). Mean <i>E. coli</i> O157 supershedding prevalence estimates for DFM and control groups were 2.2% (SEM = 0.7%) versus 1.8% (SEM = 0.7%) in KS (<i>p</i> = 0.66) and 6.7% (SEM = 1.5%) versus 3.2% (SEM = 1.0%) in NE (<i>p</i> = 0.04). In conclusion, administering the DFM product in the finishing diet of feedlot cattle did not significantly reduce <i>E. coli</i> O157:H7 fecal prevalence or supershedding prevalence in study pens at either commercial feedlot.
The host protein Staufen1 interacts with the Pr55Gagzinc fingers and regulates HIV-1 assembly via its N-terminus (2008)

These data highlight that Stau1 is a modular protein and that Stau1 influences Pr55Gag multimerization via 1) an interaction between its dsRBD3 and Pr55Gag zinc fingers and 2) a regulatory domain within the N-terminus that could recruit host machineries that are critical for the completion of new HIV-1 capsids.
Modified Aequorin Shows Increased Bioluminescence Activity (1993)

Abstract : Aequorin belongs to a unique class of photoproteins that emit light upon the binding of certain metals, calcium being the principal intracellular activator. This 'reporting function' of the metal-binding is instantaneous and is very easy to quantitate experimentally. The project objective was to develop a variety of recombinant forms of aequorin so they can be employed as metal biosensors. Three calcium-binding sites of aequorin were modified to examine their roles in the calcium-dependent luminescence as well as potentially binding other metal ions. Aequorins having Site 2 substitutions unexpectedly produce more light than wild-type aequorin.... Calcium, Bioluminescence, Photoprotein, Mutagenesis
Parallel octree-based hexahedral mesh generation for eulerian to lagrangian conversion. (2010)

Computational simulation must often be performed on domains where materials are represented as scalar quantities or volume fractions at cell centers of an octree-based grid. Common examples include bio-medical, geotechnical or shock physics calculations where interface boundaries are represented only as discrete statistical approximations. In this work, we introduce new methods for generating Lagrangian computational meshes from Eulerian-based data. We focus specifically on shock physics problems that are relevant to ASC codes such as CTH and Alegra. New procedures for generating all-hexahedral finite element meshes from volume fraction data are introduced. A new primal-contouring approach is introduced for defining a geometric domain. New methods for refinement, node smoothing, resolving non-manifold conditions and defining geometry are also introduced as well as an extension of the algorithm to handle tetrahedral meshes. We also describe new scalable MPI-based implementations of these procedures. We describe a new software module, Sculptor, which has been developed for use as an embedded component of CTH. We also describe its interface and its use within the mesh generation code, CUBIT. Several examples are shown to illustrate the capabilities of Sculptor.
Circulating DNA in diagnosis and monitoring EGFR gene mutations in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. (2015)

Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) are current treatments for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring activating EGFR gene mutations. Histological or cytological samples are the standard tumor materials for EGFR mutation analysis. However, the accessibility of tumor samples is not always possible and satisfactory in advanced NSCLC patients. Moreover, totality of EGFR mutated NSCLC patients will develop resistance to EGFR-TKIs. Repeat biopsies to study genetic evolution as a result of therapy are difficult, invasive and may be confounded by intra-tumor heterogeneity. Thus, exploring accurate and less invasive techniques to (I) diagnosis EGFR mutation if tissue is not available or not appropriate for molecular analysis and to (II) monitor EGFR-TKI treatment are needed. Circulating DNA fragments carrying tumor specific sequence alterations [circulating cell-free tumor DNA (cftDNA)] are found in the cell-free fraction of blood, representing a variable and generally small fraction of the total circulating DNA. cftDNA has a high degree of specificity to detect EGFR gene mutations in NSCLC. Studies have shown the feasibility of using cftDNA to diagnosis of EGFR activating gene mutations and also to monitor tumor dynamics in NSCLC patients treated with EGFR-TKIs. These evidences suggested that non-invasive techniques based on blood samples had a great potential in EGFR mutated NSCLC patients. In this review, we summarized these non-invasive approaches and relative scientific data now available, considering their possible applications in clinical practice of NSCLC treatment.
Increased Ca 2+ signaling through Ca V 1.2 induces tendon hypertrophy with increased collagen fibrillogenesis and biomechanical properties (2023)

Tendons are tension-bearing tissues transmitting force from muscle to bone for body movement. This mechanical loading is essential for tendon development, homeostasis, and healing after injury. While Ca<sup>2+</sup> signaling has been studied extensively for its roles in mechanotransduction, regulating muscle, bone, and cartilage development and homeostasis, knowledge about Ca<sup>2+</sup> signaling and the source of Ca<sup>2+</sup> signals in tendon fibroblast biology are largely unknown. Here, we investigated the function of Ca<sup>2+</sup> signaling through Ca<sub>V</sub> 1.2 voltage-gated Ca<sup>2+</sup> channel in tendon formation. Using a reporter mouse, we found that Ca<sub>V</sub> 1.2 is highly expressed in tendon during development and downregulated in adult homeostasis. To assess its function, we generated ScxCre;Ca<sub>V</sub> 1.2<sup>TS</sup> mice that express a gain-of-function mutant Ca<sub>V</sub> 1.2 in tendon. We found that mutant tendons were hypertrophic, with more tendon fibroblasts but decreased cell density. TEM analyses demonstrated increased collagen fibrillogenesis in the hypertrophic tendons. Biomechanical testing revealed that the hypertrophic tendons display higher peak load and stiffness, with no changes in peak stress and elastic modulus. Proteomic analysis showed no significant difference in the abundance of type I and III collagens, but mutant tendons had about two-fold increase in other ECM proteins such as tenascin C, tenomodulin, periostin, type XIV and type VIII collagens, around 11-fold increase in the growth factor myostatin, and significant elevation of matrix remodeling proteins including Mmp14, Mmp2, and cathepsin K. Taken together, these data highlight roles for increased Ca<sup>2+</sup> signaling through Ca<sub>V</sub> 1.2 on regulating expression of myostatin growth factor and ECM proteins for tendon collagen fibrillogenesis during tendon formation.
Familial CRST syndrome with sicca complex. (1977)

Two patients, a mother and daughter, each with the CRST syndrome, developed Sjögren's syndrome. Both patients had mitochondrial antibodies, smooth muscle antibodies, and a raised serum IgM without clinical evidence of liver disease. This family constitutes the first record of the familial coexistence of the CRST syndrome with Sjögren's syndrome, and the second evidence of vertical inheritance of scleroderma. It is suggested that patients with the CRST syndrome be studied for Sjögren's syndrome and for autoimmune liver disease.
Predictive black-box mitigation of timing channels (2010)

We investigate techniques for general black-box mitigation of timing channels. The source of events is wrapped by a timing mitigator that delays output events so that they contain only a bounded amount of information. We introduce a general class of timing mitigators that can achieve any given bound on timing channel leakage, with a tradeoff in system performance. We show these mitigators compose well with other mechanisms for information flow control, and demonstrate they are effective against some known timing attacks.
[Scavenging effect of EDTA-fluorocarbon microspheres on 210lead]. (1989)

EDTA-fluorocarbon microspheres (EDTAFM), calcium disodium ethylene diaminetetraacetate (CaNa2EDTA), calcium- or zinc-diethylene triamine pentaacetate (Ca- or Zn-DTPA) were investigated for their ability to treat experimental lead intoxication in mice. The 48 ICR mice were divided into six groups. Group I = no treatment; The other groups were injected with single ip doses of 210Pb (10 mg Pb2+ +555 kBq/kg). After 24 h they were injected in the tail vein with the chelating agents (20 mg/kg) or an equal volume of 10% glucose (10 mg/kg). Each mouse was housed in one metabolic cage, and urine was collected daily for 3 d. After 3 d, the mice were sacrificed for comparison of lead distribution within the liver, kidney, femur and the entire carcass as measured by 0.047 Mev gamma emission from 210Pb. The results reveal that injection of EDTA-FM to lead poisoned mice pretreated with 210Pb was more effective than Zn- or Ca-DTPA and CaNa2EDTA in reducing the lead induced inhibition in the activity of blood ALAD, and that it increased the excretion of 210Pb into the urine. The hepatic, renal and femur 210Pb contents after treatment with EDTAFM were much more decreased than Zn- or Ca-DTPA and CaNa2-EDTA. The order of effectiveness was EDTAFM greater than Zn-DTPA greater than Ca-DTPA greater than CaNa2-EDTA.
Nanosecond pulsed discharge in high density polymer liquid (PDMS) (2012)

Summary form only given. Generation of discharges in water has been previously investigated, with formation mechanisms being attributed to ionization of vapour within bubbles formed through localized heating or cavitation, and within which plasma is sustained <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> . More recently, the possibility of plasma formation in liquid phase in the absence of bubble formation has been reported, with experiments performed in liquid water <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . This work reports the generation of non-equilibrium nanosecond discharges in liquid phase without bubbles. We studied the effects of dielectric properties of the liquid, discharge gap, and electrode size. In our experiments we compared discharges ignited in liquid water and PDMS, a comparatively non-polar liquid with dielectric constant of 2.3 and three orders of magnitude higher viscosity than water. Nanosecond high voltage pulses (+15.5 kV) with ∼2 ns rise times and 12 ns duration are applied to submerged electrodes arranged in a pin-to-plate geometry, with the positive potential applied to the pin with radius of curvature of 5 um and 20 um. The positive polarity of the pin rules out electron emission as a mechanism for plasma formation. Time resolved images of the plasma discharge are achieved down to 2 ns exposure resolution using the 4picos high-speed camera, demonstrating the filamentary structure of the plasma. The effects of dielectric properties of liquid and electrode diameter on plasma discharge size and lifetime are demonstrated to be negligible. Shadowgraphy and spectroscopy studies are also performed and reported.
Compact Ultra Wide-Band (UWB) CPW-fed Elliptical Monopole on Liquid Crystal Polymer (LCP) (2006)

The implementation of a compact coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed elliptical monopole antenna that demonstrates good impedance match and omni-directional radiation patterns in the whole ultra wide band range (UWB) is discussed. The proposed antenna is fabricated on 100 mum thick liquid crystal polymer (LCP) with an overall board dimension of 32 mm times 30 mm. Return loss and radiation pattern measurements are in very good agreement with the simulated results
Biometry of the ciliary muscle during dynamic accommodation assessed with OCT (2014)

Little is known about the structural changes of the ciliary muscle with age and how it may contribute to presbyopia. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been used to perform ciliary muscle biometry at different age and accommodative states with low resolution and speed. Dynamic imaging and accurate biometry of the ciliary muscle requires high-speed, high-resolution and correction of the OCT image distortions. We integrate an existing custom-made Spectral Domain OCT (SD-OCT) platform working at 840nm for biometry of the human eye with a SD-OCT system working at 1325nm that enables high-speed and high-resolution transscleral imaging of the ciliary muscle dynamically during accommodation and we developed an algorithm to provide corrected thickness measurements of the ciliary muscle.
Visible and UV coherent Raman spectroscopy of dipicolinic acid (2005)

We use time-resolved coherent Raman spectroscopy to obtain molecule-specific signals from dipicolinic acid (DPA), which is a marker molecule for bacterial spores. We use femtosecond laser pulses in both visible and UV spectral regions and compare experimental results with theoretical predictions. By exciting vibrational coherence on more than one mode simultaneously, we observe a quantum beat signal that can be used to extract the parameters of molecular motion in DPA. The signal is enhanced when an UV probe pulse is used, because its frequency is near-resonant to the first excited electronic state of the molecule. The capability for unambiguous identification of DPA molecules will lead to a technique for real-time detection of spores.
Observation of efficient F&#x00F6;rster energy transfer at 1.5 &#x03BC;m through temperature-tuning of monodisperse quantum dot solids (2008)

We present time-resolved cryogenic observations of Forster energy transfer in large, monodisperse lead sulphide quantum dots with ground state transitions near 1.5 mum (0.8 eV), in environments from 160 K to room temperature.
An evaluation of attention models for use in SLAM (2014)

In this paper we study the application of visual saliency models for the simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) problem. We consider visual SLAM, where the location of the camera and a map of the environment can be generated using images from a single moving camera. In visual SLAM, the interest point detector is of key importance. This detector must be invariant to certain image transformations so that features can be matched across di erent frames. Recent work has used a model of human visual attention to detect interest points, however it is unclear as to what is the best attention model for this purpose. To this aim, we compare the performance of interest points from four saliency models (Itti, GBVS, RARE, and AWS) with the performance of four traditional interest point detectors (Harris, Shi-Tomasi, SIFT, and FAST). We evaluate these detectors under several di erent types of image transformation and nd that the Itti saliency model, in general, achieves the best performance in terms of keypoint repeatability.