gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Formation of RNA Granule-Derived Capsid Assembly Intermediates Appears To Be Conserved between Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 and the Nonprimate Lentivirus Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (2018)

During immature capsid assembly in cells, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Gag co-opts a host RNA granule, forming a pathway of intracellular assembly intermediates containing host components, including two cellular facilitators of assembly, ABCE1 and DDX6. A similar assembly pathway has been observed for other primate lentiviruses. Here we asked whether feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), a nonprimate lentivirus, also forms RNA granule-derived capsid assembly intermediates. First, we showed that the released FIV immature capsid and a large FIV Gag-containing intracellular complex are unstable during analysis, unlike for HIV-1. We identified harvest conditions, including <i>in situ</i> cross-linking, that overcame this problem, revealing a series of FIV Gag-containing complexes corresponding in size to HIV-1 assembly intermediates. Previously, we showed that assembly-defective HIV-1 Gag mutants are arrested at specific assembly intermediates; here we identified four assembly-defective FIV Gag mutants, including three not previously studied, and demonstrated that they appear to be arrested at the same intermediate as the cognate HIV-1 mutants. Further evidence that these FIV Gag-containing complexes correspond to assembly intermediates came from coimmunoprecipitations demonstrating that endogenous ABCE1 and the RNA granule protein DDX6 are associated with FIV Gag, as shown previously for HIV-1 Gag, but are not associated with a ribosomal protein, at steady state. Additionally, we showed that FIV Gag associates with another RNA granule protein, DCP2. Finally, we validated the FIV Gag-ABCE1 and FIV Gag-DCP2 interactions with proximity ligation assays demonstrating colocalization <i>in situ</i> Together, these data support a model in which primate and nonprimate lentiviruses form intracellular capsid assembly intermediates derived from nontranslating host RNA granules.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Like HIV-1 Gag, FIV Gag assembles into immature capsids; however, it is not known whether FIV Gag progresses through a pathway of immature capsid assembly intermediates derived from host RNA granules, as shown for HIV-1 Gag. Here we showed that FIV Gag forms complexes that resemble HIV-1 capsid assembly intermediates in size and in their association with ABCE1 and DDX6, two host facilitators of HIV-1 immature capsid assembly that are found in HIV-1 assembly intermediates. Our studies also showed that known and novel assembly-defective FIV Gag mutants fail to progress past putative intermediates in a pattern resembling that observed for HIV-1 Gag mutants. Finally, we used imaging to demonstrate colocalization of FIV Gag with ABCE1 and with the RNA granule protein DCP2. Thus, we conclude that formation of assembly intermediates derived from host RNA granules is likely conserved between primate and nonprimate lentiviruses and could provide targets for future antiviral strategies.
Cardiovascular Safety of b 3 -adrenoceptor Agonists for the Treatment of Patients with Overactive Bladder Syndrome (2016)

Context: Mirabegron, the first b3-adrenoceptor agonist in clinical practice, is approved for treatment of overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome symptoms. Because b3-adrenoceptors are expressed in cardiovascular (CV) tissues, there are concerns that OAB treatment with b3-adrenoceptor agonists may affect the heart and vasculature. Objective: To provide a summary of CV effects of b3-adrenoceptor agonists in clinical studies. Evidence acquisition: A systematic literature search from inception until November 2014 was performed on studies in PubMed and Medline. Evidence synthesis: Twenty papers, published between 1994 and 2014, were identified: mirabegron (16), solabegron (2), AK-677 (1), and BRL35135 (1). More detailed CV data from mirabegron studies were available in online regulatory documents filed with the US Food and Drug Administration and the UK National Institute for Health and Care
Antagonism of the cytotoxic but not antiviral effects of ara-sangivamycin by adenosine (1989)

Inhibition of DNA synthesis by ara-sangivamycin was antagonized by adenosine. The 50% inhibitory concentrations increased 1.6- to 32-fold in the presence of 1.0 to 50 microM adenosine, respectively. In contrast, the inhibition of human cytomegalovirus replication by ara-sangivamycin was not antagonized by as much as 50 microM adenosine. This suggests that different enzymes were responsible for the phosphorylation of ara-sangivamycin in uninfected and infected cells.
Desafios metodológicos no mapeamento de clusters industriais: o caso de São José dos Campos (2004)

Ateoria de Clusters, com origens na teoria marshalliana de distritos industriais, ganhou um novo impulso com os estudos publicados recentemente por Porter. Em sua teoria, aspectos de economia geográfica, complexos industriais e dinâmica competitiva fundem-se para caracterizar o cluster porteriano. O construto do cluster, entretanto, ainda necessita de maior formalização para ser plenamente operacionalizável. Nesse sentido, os críticos de Porter questionam se o conceito de cluster é aplicável aos países em desenvolvimento. O objetivo desse artigo é abrir algumas avenidas de investigação que poderiam avançar as problemáticas acima. A partir do exemplo de São José dos Campos, buscou-se mapear os clusters de aeronáutica e armamentos bélicos na região, utilizando-se o índice de especialização (IE). Em seguida, foi estabelecida a relação entre a existência do cluster com a qualidade de vida da região, representada pelo índice IDH-M. Finalmente, apontou-se as possibilidades de expansão da teoria porteriana de clusters, a partir das análises realizadas e de estudos anteriores sobre a região.
Introduction of a terrestrial free-space optical communications network facility: IN-orbit and Networked Optical ground stations experimental Verification Advanced testbed (INNOVA) (2014)

A terrestrial free-space optical communications network facility, named IN-orbit and Networked Optical ground stations experimental Verification Advanced testbed (INNOVA) is introduced. Many demonstrations have been conducted to verify the usability of sophisticated optical communications equipment in orbit. However, the influence of terrestrial weather conditions remains as an issue to be solved. One potential solution is site diversity, where several ground stations are used. In such systems, implementing direct high-speed optical communications links for transmission of data from satellites to terrestrial sites requires that links can be established even in the presence of clouds and rain. NICT is developing a terrestrial free-space optical communications network called INNOVA for future airborne and satellitebased optical communications projects. Several ground stations and environmental monitoring stations around Japan are being used to explore the site diversity concept. This paper describes the terrestrial free-space optical communications network facility, the monitoring stations around Japan for free-space laser communications, and potential research at NICT.
Host range of a deleterious rhizobacterium for biological control of downy brome (2001)

Pseudomonas fluorescens strain D7 (P. f. D7; NRRL B-18293) is a root-colonizing bacterium that inhibits downy brome (Bromus tectorum L. BROTE) growth. Before commercialization as a biological control agent, strain D7 must be tested for host plant specificity. Agar plate bioassays in the laboratory and plant–soil bioassays in a growth chamber were used to determine the influence of P. f. D7 on germination and root growth of 42 selected weed, cultivated or native plant species common in the western and midwestern United States. In the agar plate bioassay, all accessions of downy brome were inhibited by P. f. D7. Root growth of seven Bromus spp. was inhibited an average of 87% compared with that of controls in the agar plate bioassay. Root growth of non-Bromus monocots was reduced by 0 to 86%, and only 6 out of 17 plant species were inhibited 40% or greater. Among all plant species, only downy brome root growth from two accessions was significantly inhibited by P. f. D7 in plant–soil bioassays (42 and 64%). P. f. D7 inhibited root growth and germination in agar plate bioassays more than in plant–soil bioassays. Inhibition in plant–soil bioassays was limited to downy brome, indicating promise for P. f. D7 as a biocontrol agent that will not harm nontarget species.
Perspectives of development of monolithic IR cooled focal plane arrays for composite multispectrum systems of detection in wavelength range from 1.5-5.0 to 8.0-12.0 microns (2005)

Current state of development of silicon cooled array JR detectors (FPA) with photosensitive elements on Shottky barrier (SB) and imagers based on them completed lately at NRI E1ectron is under consideration. The most important parameters of widespectrum monolithic FPA with 256x 256 elements on PtSi (1.2-5.5 μm) and IrSi (1.2-10.5 μm) and also FPA with 512x512 elements on PtSi are presented. The results of laboratory and field tests of JR cameras with use of developed SB FPA demonstrated correctness of the chosen direction of work allowed to get experience in SB FPA exploitation and found out the ways of their perfection in application to work with small size objects. The factors limiting further improvement of threshold sensitivity of developed SB FPA at work on small details of image were examined. The specific requirements to SB FPA operating in multispectrum JR systems for small size object detection are discussed. It is noted that the development of the large format SB FPA with improved sensitivity in monolithic version based on Si using modern VLSJC technology and new technology of manufacture and treatment of multilayer thin film structures of metal and semiconductor silicides are perspective.© (2005) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A novel terrestrial Rabies virus lineage occurring in South America: origin, diversification, and evidence of contact between wild and domestic cycles. (2021)

Figure S1. Bayesian phylogenetic tree of 237 AgV2 RABV sequences covering the complete distribution, host species, and temporal ranges of this variant. Main lineages and sublineages are shown. Node colors and size represent posterior probabilities. The scale bar represents substitutions per site. Figure S2. Median-joining network of 237 AgV2 RABV sequences. Colors represent different states of Brazil, Paraguay, or Argentina. Clusters include exclusive geographic groups, according to Brazilian regions, Paraguay, or Argentina. Each cluster has indicated the sampling temporal range. Upper-right: States and regions of Brazil. Figure S3.Top: Neighbor-joining trees (100 bootstrap replicates) of the parental sequence (left) and recombined sequence (right) for recombination event 1. Colors represent recombinants (red), major parental sequence (green), and minor parental sequence (blue). Bottom: Bootscan plot showing the tract of sequence with a recombinant origin., Table S1. Worldwide dog-related RABV N gene sequences included in the phylogenetic analysis, representing all currently recognized lineages and sublineages (Troupinet al. 2016) Table S2. Brazilian representative AgV1 and AgV2 N gene sequences included in the phylogenetic analysis. Table S3. List of 237 AgV2 N gene sequences included in the phylogeographic analysis. A total of 39 AgV2 N gene sequences were obtained in this study, and 198 AgV2 Brazilian samples with corroborable geographic and temporal information were retrieved from Genbank. Table S4. Summary of the recombination analysis under 9 detection methods. The statistical significance under each test for all putative recombination events is shown. Breakpoint positions, recombinants, major parental and minor parental sequences are indicated for each event. Colors indicate domestic (blue) or wild (red) lineages involved in recombination events. Table S5. Results of multiple analyses of selection in the N gene of the complete AgV2 dataset (237 sequences). a) Significant positively and negatively selected sites detected by site-based methods FEL, SLAC, FUBAR, and MEME. b) Analysis of evidence of relaxation (Relax) or Episodic Diversifying Selection (aBSREL, BUSTED). Table S6. Amino acid replacements in the RABV nucleoprotein inferred by ancestral states reconstruction. Residue number, ancestral→derived amino acids, and the lineage where the replacement took place are listed. Replacements were classified as internal if involved more than 3 descendant sequences and terminal if involved one or two sequences. Supplementary File S1. Alignment of 174 complete RABV N gene sequences, used for the phylogenetic analysis. Supplementary File S2. Alignment of 237 AgV2 RABV N gene sequences, used for the phylogeographic analysis.
Conrado Silva e Emilio Terraza "Lo arreglamos con alambre" (2014)

Texto em memória de Conrado Silva (1940-2014). [nota do editor]
The bit-reversal SDRAM address mapping (2005)

The performance contributions of SDRAM address mapping techniques in the main memory of an embedded system are studied and examined. While spatial locality existing in the access stream increases SDRAM row hit rate, it also increases row conflicts. Mapping of the physical address bits into SDRAM column, row, bank and rank index impacts system performance significantly. A novel address mapping scheme, called bit-reversal, is described and experimentally compared against known methods. The bit-reversal address mapping increases SDRAM row hit rate from 43% to 66% by distributing conflicting memory accesses over independent SDRAM banks. Bit-reversal address mapping reduces the average memory access latency by 26%-29% over other methods, resulting in a 11.7%-13.5% reduction of total execution time. The configuration space of bit-reversal address mapping is explored. Finally, limited studies examining the impact of address mapping techniques in conjunction with SDRAM controller policy and virtual paging illustrate that mapping is better suited to virtual memory free embedded systems than desktop workstations incorporating paging mechanisms.
Controllable Design of Naked and Poly(Amine)-Capped Porous and Nonporous Microparticles of Sustainable Polymers That Exhibit Dual Modalities for Volatile Organic Compound Adsorption (2019)

Strategies for the synthesis of a new class of porous and nonporous biodegradable microparticles (MPs) based on poly(d,l-lactic acid)–poly(ethylene glycol)–COOH (PDLLA–PEG–COOH) or poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) copolymers have been investigated. Further, these MPs were coated with polyethylenimine (PEI) in order to compare the performance of the naked and PEI-capped MPs for the gas phase capture of model aldehyde volatile organic compounds (VOCs), hexanal and octanal. The removal efficiencies of the different MP formulations ranged from 50% reduction to 97% reduction of VOC vapors. By coupling the intrinsic gas adsorption properties of the parent, naked MPs with the potential for covalent capture by means of the PEI surface coating, we have generated new materials exhibiting a dual modality for VOC capture. These materials represent a new matrix for the remediation of VOCs based on renewable, sustainable polymers.
Erratum to: "Czech Society of Cardiology guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic heart failure 2011" [Cor et Vasa 54 (2012) e113-e134] (2012)

2 7,5 mg.
Liver enzymes and pathology in hodgkin's disease (1974)

Liver pathology and levels of serum enzymes of presumed hepatic origin (alkaline phosphatase (AP), γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), and 5′nucleotidase (5′N)) in 67 patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD) were correlated to determine the accuracy with which such serum measurements reflected hepatic involvement with HD. Patients with advanced stages of HD tended to have higher levels of serum AP than patients with localized disease whether or not HD of the liver was demonstrated. Many patients with all stages of HD who had elevated serum AP had nonspecific but abnormal liver pathology. The other serum enzymes measured were of even less value in assessing whether or not a patient had hepatic HD. Histologic examination of adequate liver tissue appears to be the only reliable method by which hepatic HD can be diagnosed. Serum AP is more sensitive than γ-GT in following the clinical course of patients with proven hepatic HD.
Inducible site‐specific recombination in neural stem/progenitor cells (2008)

To establish a genetic tool for manipulating the neural stem/progenitor cell (NSC) lineage in a temporally controlled manner, we generated a transgenic mouse line carrying an NSC-specific nestin promoter/enhancer expressing a fusion protein encoding Cre recombinase coupled to modified estrogen receptor ligand-binding domain (ER(T2)). In the background of the Cre reporter mouse strain Rosa26(lacZ), we show that the fusion CreER(T2) recombinase is normally silent but can be activated by the estrogen analog tamoxifen both in utero, in infancy, and in adulthood. As assayed by beta-galactosidase activity in embryonic stages, tamoxifen activates Cre recombinase exclusively in neurogenic cells and their progeny. This property persists in adult mice, but Cre activity can also be detected in granule neurons and Bergmann glia at the anterior of the cerebellum, in piriform cortex, optic nerve, and some peripheral ganglia. No obvious Cre activity was observed outside of the nervous system. Thus, the nestin regulated inducible Cre mouse line provides a powerful tool for studying the physiology and lineage of NSCs.
Synthesis of glycerol carbonate by direct carbonylation of glycerol with CO2 over solid catalysts derived from Zn/Al/La and Zn/Al/La/M (M = Li, Mg and Zr) hydrotalcites (2014)

Zn/Al/La and Zn/Al/La/M (M = Li, Mg, Zr) mixed oxides were obtained by calcination of hydrotalcites and tested for glycerol carbonate synthesis from CO<sub>2</sub> carbonylation.
Effect van verschillende varianten van raffinage van bietenblad op bodemvruchtbaarheid en stikstofverliezen (2013)

Binnen de PPS “Kleinschalige Bioraffinage” worden de mogelijkheden van raffinage van bietenblad voor winning van eiwit en andere bestanddelen onderzocht. In deze deskstudie is nagegaan wat de gevolgen hiervan zijn voor de bodemvruchtbaarheid en de stikstofverliezen (o.a. nitraatuitspoeling).
New Concept of a Projection Display (2000)

A new principle ofthe projection display based on a laser with the conjugate resonator is offered where one ofthe mirrors is a spatial light modulator (SLM). Intra-cavity reading of the image created on the SLM provides the oscillation of an optical signal as well a generated image with high luminosity and optical resolution.
Angle-Independent Optical Moisture Sensors Based on Hydrogel-Coated Plasmonic Lattice Arrays (2018)

Plasmonic nanostructures provide excellent platforms for colorimetric sensors in chemical, biological, and environmental applications. In contrast to the existing library of plasmonic sensors, we report an angle-independent optical sensor that is designed for monitoring soil moisture and operating on rough surfaces. The optical moisture sensor is constructed by coating hydrogel on top of an ultrathin, plasmonic Au nanorod lattice array, where the refractive index changes of the hydrogel upon exposure to moisture are transduced into spectral shifts of the resonances of the array. A modified Langmuir adsorption isotherm model is used to capture the dynamics of water adsorption and desorption at the interface between the sensor and the ambient environment. The nanorod length and the nanorod array pitch are systematically tuned to decouple the localized surface plasmon resonance of the nanorods and the Rayleigh anomalies of the nanorod array, creating sensors with angle-independent resonances (∼0.2 nm/deg). As a proof of concept, we place the sensor on uneven soil surfaces and demonstrate the consistent sensor resonance shift that only depends on the soil wetness. Robust, eco-friendly optical moisture sensors with angle-independent resonances provide a promising sensing platform for smart soil moisture monitoring important to tackle the challenge of water scarcity in agriculture.
Full‐Bridge PWM DC‐DC Converter (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction DC Analysis of PWM Full-Bridge Converter for CCM DC Analysis of PWM Full-Bridge Converter for DCM Phase-Controlled Full-Bridge Converter Summary Review Questions Problems
ASSESSMENT OF ENDO-1,4-BETA-D-GLUCANASE ACTIVITY BY A RAPID COLORIMETRIC ASSAY USING DISODIUM 2,2'-BICINCHONINATE (1993)

It is widely accepted that viscometric assays are the most sensitive methods for evaluation of endoglucanase activities, because of the preferential attack of these enzymes on internal bonds of the substrate. However, due to the high sensitivity of the disodium 2,2′-bicinchoninate assay, we could measure, in a onestep method, the initial stages of the degradation of cellulose derivatives by endo-1,4-β-D-glucanases, by determining the reducing end-groups released. We report the applicability of the method for the determination of activity, and the Km for the endoglucanase-I from Trichoderma reesei. This assay can be extended to the evaluation of reducing groups released by the action of many other carbohydrases, either with endo- or exo-type activity.
Comparison of the cardiovascular effects of three dihydropyridine compounds. (1990)

Three dihydropyridine compounds with 2-carbamoyl groups, NPK-1868, NPK-1867 and NPK-1886, were studied comparatively for their cardiovascular effects. In three experimental models in hypertensive rats, the hypotensive potency of these three compounds, given p.o., was almost the same as that of nifedipine and felodipine. However, in anesthetized beagle dogs, the effect of i.v. NPK-1886 was longer-lasting and more selective on vertebral blood flow than that of the other compounds. In pharmacokinetic studies, NPK-1868, given p.o., showed the highest Cmax, and NPK-1868 and NPK-1886 showed a longer half-life than felodipine. These data suggest that NPK-1886 is a potent hypotensive substance that has a longer-lasting effect on cerebral blood flow.
Three-Dimensional Time-Resolved Flow Quantification with Balanced SSFP (2008)

Balanced SSFP sequences do not suffer from spin saturation effects that result in signal loss for tissues with long T1. Their contrast is therefore optimal for the imaging of fluids (blood and CSF) and flow quantification, especially when inflow enhancement effects cannot be exploited, as in three-dimensional sequences. In this work, a three-dimensional, three-directional time-resolved phase contrast bSSFP sequence is presented, along with methods to minimize the artifacts commonly associated with bSSFP sequences, and the application to the study of cerebro-spinal fluid circulation is demonstrated.