gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Referencing within Evolving Hypertext. (2011)

Abstract. The classic hypertext model omits the process of text growth, evolution and synthesis. With hypertext creation becoming increasingly collaborative and change timescales becoming shorter, explicitly addressing text evolution is the key to the next stage of hypertext development. Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a proven general concept that enabled the Web. In application to versioned deep hypertext, expressive power of a classical hyperlink becomes insufficient. Based on the Causal Trees model, we introduce a minimalistic but powerful query language of specifiers that provides us great flexibility of referencing within a changing hypertext. Specifiers capture the state of the text, point at changes, expose authorship or blend branches. Being a part of an URI, a specifier puts advanced distributed revision control techniques within reach of a regular web user. 1
Toughness enhancement in graphene nanoplatelet/SiC reinforced Al2O3ceramic hybrid nanocomposites (2016)

This paper elucidates the effect of silicon carbide nanoparticles (SiCNP) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs), on their own and together, on the densification behavior and fracture toughness of alumina (Al2O3) ceramic matrix. This was investigated by using the high-frequency induction heat sintering (HFIHS) process. While the addition of each nanostructure caused varying degrees of grain refinement and enhancement of mechanical properties, the incorporation of as little as 0.5 wt.% GNPs along with 5.0 wt.% SiCNP promoted uniform dispersion of the latter due to the lateral surface area of the graphene nanosheets with their two-dimensional morphology. There was an associated reduction in grain size from 1500 to 300 nm upon the addition of both types of nanoscale reinforcements. Extensive electron microscopy of the as-produced nanocomposites indicated the presence of SiCNP within, as well as at, the grain boundary areas whereas the 2D GNPs anchored between neighboring grains. Fractography of the samples revealed a transition from a mixed intergranular/transgranular mode for SiCNP or GNP-reinforced nanocomposites to transgranular fracture mode for the hybrid nanocomposites with improvements in fracture toughness and microhardness by 160 and 27%, respectively, largely due to the synergic role of the nanostructured reinforcements and their distinctly different toughening mechanisms. A new toughening model is proposed for the hybrid nanocomposites by taking into consideration crack deflection and pull-out effects due to SiCNP and the atomic level slip-stick driven GNPs inter-layer slithering. It was found that the addition of GNPs facilitates SiCNP dispersion that subsequently develops dense, fine-grained microstructures after a short-cycle, pressure-assisted consolidation process.
The use of qualitative airborne multispectral imaging for managing agricultural crops - a case study in south-eastern Australia (2000)

Charles Sturt University has operated an airborne multispectral imaging system as a research support and management tool over south-eastern Australian crops since 1994. Our experiences have demonstrated the utility, timeliness and cost-effectiveness of qualitative multispectral imagery for monitoring and managing spatial variability in a range of agricultural crops, yet to date the technology remains underutilised in Australia. Images showing variations in the texture of soils in paddocks are a useful indicator of the location of different soil zones for soil sampling, and can assist in siting of treatment plots within paddocks. Multispectral imagery can be used for a synoptic assessment of early weed pressure in fallow paddocks or seedling crops. Locating variability in crop emergence and, later, canopy vigour and biomass, are all potentially means of undertaking precision farming without the capital investment associated with yield mapping. However, like any remote monitoring tool, follow-up ground-truthing must always be used to establish or confirm the causes of observed variability. The use of the technology as part of a greater data acquisition strategy is recommended.
A.L.C. Business Meeting (1981)

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Multirate Sampling Digital Servo Of An Optical Disk Drive (1993)

Full digital implementation of disk drive electronics is expected to improve the performance of drives as well as to reduce their cost, power consumption, and form factor. The Digital Signal Processor (DSP) has recently been used as a servo controller for optical disk drives. Although DSP implementation has the advantage of flexibility, the servo control algorithm has to be simple so that it can finish the computation within a specified time interval. The sampling rate is determined by the servo bandwidth, and is about ten times higher than that of a hard disk drive. Therefore, conventional microprocessors cannot be used in optical disk drives and an efficient algorithm is always necessary for DSP servo.
Impact of Autologous Dendritic Cell Immunotherapy (Arcelis™) on B Cell Subsets in HIV-1-Infected Subjects Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy (2008)

Abstract We demonstrated the enhancement of CD8-specific responses following the administration of an immune-based therapy consisting of dendritic cells (DC) electroporated with autologous amplified HIV-1 RNA and CD40 ligand (CD40 L) RNA manufactured by the Arcelis™ process in HIV patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). We conducted a sub study on circulating B cell populations to further assess changes induced by this autologous DC therapy as CD40L is a major B cell co-stimulatory factor. To this end, we assessed B cell subset changes in relation to the proliferative capacity of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells response to DC targets containing the 4 HIV-1 antigens (Gag, Vpr, Rev, Nef). The co-expression of CD19, CD38, IgD, CD10, CD23, CD27, CD5, and CD138 were analyzed by multi-parametric flow cytometry to assess circulating B cell subsets such as naïve resting B-cells (Bm1), activated naïve B cells (Bm2), GC founder cells (Bm2’), centroblasts and centrocytes (Bm3 and Bm4), early memory B cells (eBm5), memory B cells (Bm5), IgD memory cells, plasma cells, and B-1 cells. Changes in B cells subsets were analyzed before and after the four intradermal injections of this immunotherapeutic product containing 1.2 × 107 DC. Ten ART treated subjects with undetectable viral load (&lt; 50 copies/ml), median CD4+ count of 440 cells/μl (range: 316–1102), and with a CD4+ nadir &gt; 200 cells/μl were studied. Throughout the study, no significant changes in CD4+ cell count, CD4/CD8 ratio, and no viral blips were noticed. The percentage of total B cells, Bm1, Bm2, Bm2′, eBm5, IgD memory, plasma cells, and B-1 cell subsets did not significantly change. However, a decrease in the percentage of Bm3 and Bm4 cells was found (0.36 [0.06–0.86] versus 0.11 [0.04–0.36]; P=0.05). Conversely, an important increase in the Bm5 cell subset was evidenced (10.4 [1.6–24.2] versus 18.1 [5.1–27.5]; P=0.005) suggesting a proliferation of B memory cells induced by DC immunization. In addition, the multifunctional and polyvalent CD8+ T cell proliferative responses to the 4 HIV genes used in this immunotherapy were noticed in 8 out of 9 subjects available for analysis and characterized by an effector memory phenotype. No CD4+ T cell immune responses were detected, consistent with the endogenous HLA class I loading of the antigens. Collectively, these results indicate that this immunotherapy induces an increase in the B memory cell population in the absence of inducing any clinically apparent autoimmunity along with strong HIV specific multifunctional CD8+ T cell specific immune responses.
Membrane acting Povarov-Doebner derived compounds potently disperse preformed multidrug resistant Gram-positive bacterial biofilms (2022)

The National Institute of Health (NIH) estimates that the majority of human microbial infections are either linked to or directly caused by bacterial biofilms and these infections are immune to most currently approved FDA drugs. Hence, there is a need for the development of potent antibiotics against biofilms. We have previously shown that pentafluorosulfanyl (SF<sub>5</sub>)-containing quinoline compounds, which were synthesized via the Povarov reaction, kill persister bacteria (Onyedibe et al. RSC Med Chem, 2021, 12, 1879-1893). Inspired by this earlier discovery, we expanded upon the compounds in the library to identify additional members that could have similar or better potencies, with a goal of increasing the diversity of compounds that could be further developed into therapeutics. Compounds from the Povarov derived SF<sub>5</sub>-containing compounds inhibited both clinical and laboratory strains of Gram-positive bacteria at minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.5 μg/mL to 2 μg/mL. Interestingly, the lead compound, HSD 1919 exhibited rapid bactericidal mode of action against multidrug resistant (MDR) staphylococcal and enterococcal strains such as MRSA and VRE via bacterial membrane disruption. HSD 1919 eradicated persister MRSA in 2 h-8 h. Most remarkably, we found that HSD 1919 (newly identified compound) and HSD 1835 (previously disclosed, Onyedibe et al. RSC Med Chem, 2021, 12, 1879-1893), dispersed preformed MRSA and VRE biofilms at relatively low concentrations (8 μg/mL). Bithionol (at 1 μg/mL) or nitroxoline (at 4 μg/mL) did not appreciably disperse pre-existing biofilms but when combined with HSD 1919 or HSD 1835 (at 0.5-4 μg/mL), preformed MRSA biofilms could be dispersed, highlighting exciting synergy at reasonably low concentrations of the drugs. Biofilm dispersal was verified by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) whilst membrane disruption properties of HSD 1919 were confirmed by both transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and SEM. Further mechanistic studies showed inhibition of DNA, RNA, cell wall and protein synthesis in a macromolecular biosynthesis assay indicating that these compounds inhibit bacteria via multiple mechanisms, which is now being appreciated as an effective way to tackle resistant bacteria. Toxicity studies showed that HSD 1919 was nontoxic in-vitro to mammalian red blood cells at 10X MIC. Herein, we report HSD 1919 and analogs thereof as critical chemical scaffolds, which can be harnessed to develop highly potent antibiofilm therapeutics.
Evaluation of Video‐Assisted Thoracic Surgery for Treatment of Spontaneous Pneumothorax and Pulmonary Bullae in Dogs (2014)

Exploratory thoracoscopy was associated with a high rate of conversion to median sternotomy because of inability to identify leaking pulmonary lesions in dogs with spontaneous pneumothorax and pulmonary bullae. Failure to convert to a median sternotomy may be associated with recurrent or persistent pneumothorax.
123 Sleep Disorder Is Associated with Neuropsychological Disturbances in Burn Survivals (2022)

Abstract Introduction Prior studies explored neuropsychological disorders in the context of burn severity; however, the relationship between occurrence after burn and sleep has not been investigated. This study aims to determine if patients that developed a first-time sleep disorder after burn injury are more likely to develop a psychological or nervous system disorder within 10 years after injury. Methods We identified burn patients on the TriNetX database, a federated research network of de-identified patient data. We formed two groups, those with first time sleep disorder diagnosis on or after the incidence of burn injury and those with no first-time sleep disorder diagnosis on or after burn. Groups were propensity matched to evaluate incidence of nervous system and mental disorders and characteristics, defined as bipolar disorder, epilepsy, neuropathy disorders, and 52 other neuropsychological disorders. Diagnoses of nervous system disorder and mental disorder were limited to after the burn injury and within the 10-year time frame. We analyzed data using a z-test with a p &amp;lt; 0.05 considered significant. Results We found 7.83% of patients developed a first-time sleep disorder after burn injury. The population was older (43.9 ± 20.8 vs. 31.7 ± 22.4 yrs), female (51.13% vs. 46.10%), and White (70.02% vs 60.24%) when compared to those without sleep disorders (p&amp;lt; 0.05). Those who experienced a first-time sleep disorder after burn presented a greater risk of developing the mental, central nervous system, and peripheral nervous system disorders when compared to those who did not. Eating disorders, persistent mood disorders, and obsessive-compulsive disorders were 4.54, 95% CI [3.65, 5.65]; 3.84, 95% CI [3.49, 4.22], and 3.94, 95% CI [3.13, 4.97] times higher, respectively, in patients who developed a first-time sleep disorder (p&amp;lt; 0.05). Anxiety-related disorders were also more than 3 times more likely in those who developed a sleep disorder after burn (p&amp;lt; 0.05).Central nervous system disorders were related to sleep disorder post burn. Extrapyramidal and movement disorders were more than 3 times more likely to occur in sleep disorder patients (Extrapyramidal and movement disorder, unspecified 95% CI [2.48, 4.63] and Other extrapyramidal and movement disorders 95% CI [3.17, 3.78]. In regard to peripheral nervous system disturbances, restless leg syndrome was more than 4 times more likely to occur in patients that developed a first time sleep disorder after burn injury 95% CI [3.70, 4.65]. Polyneuropathy was also 2.28 more times likely to occur 95% CI [2.12, 2.47]. Conclusions Mental disorders and various central nervous system and peripheral nervous system disturbances are highly associated with identification of sleep disorders after burn. This finding suggests close monitoring for sleep in those who were burned to optimize outcomes.
Dynamic analysis and stability of a power assist steering system (2005)

This paper presents dynamic analysis of a power assist steering system with emphasis on system stability. The transfer functions that describe assisted steering system responses, and driver feel of the road are obtained in analytical form. To determine torque-speed requirements of the assist actuator we chose zero and low speed parking, and high speed random steer conditions to investigate worst case loads. A high level of steering assist can be a source of instability of the plant that results in vibration of a steering column and undesirable vehicle performance. Stability requirements are determined and critical parameters of assist design are obtained as a solution of the nonlinear equation that describes the boundary of stability.
Real time animation of dynamic processes (1974)

Animation and simulation processes are facilitated by the use of high level graphic languages. The results of these processes are not generally available in real time, developing of microfilm delaying the screening of the process until some time after the computer run.A technique is described which overcomes this problem whilst still allowing the use of a high level graphical language.The addition of a single feature to a "static" graphical language has transformed it into a "dynamic" graphical language allowing real time illustration of time varying processes.The technique is not restricted to the language described but may well be employed by other high level graphical languages.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOLYSIS OF UNSYMMETRIC AZO COMPOUNDS, CIS AZO COMPOUND INTERMEDIATES (1973)

Abstract Bei der Bestrahlung des nach bekannten Methoden dargestellten Diazens (I) in Benzol (Mitteldruck‐Hg‐lampe, Pyrex‐Filter) entstehen als Produkte hauptsächlich Biphenyl (II) und Dicumyl (III).
Biologically oriented preparation technique (BOPT) for implant-supported fixed prostheses (2017)

A patient of 58 years of age without medical problems came to the clinic due to missing teeth in the upper posterior region and to change the partial fixed prosthesis in the upper anterior area. Proposed treatment: surgical phase of three conical shape tapering implants with prosthetic platform in occlusal direction with mechanize collar tissue level with fixtures to place implant-supported metal-ceramic restorations. In the anterior area, a zirconium oxide fixed partial prosthesis was vertical preparation of the tooth's. When preparing teeth to receive fixed prostheses, the definition and shape of finish lines has been a subject of endless discussion, modification, and change ever since the beginnings of restorative prosthetic dentistry. The BOPT technique (biologically oriented preparation technique) was first described in the context of tooth-supported restorations but has recently been applied to dental implants with the aim of ensuring healthy peri-implant tissue and creating the possibility of modeling the peri-implant sulcus by modifying prosthetic emergence profiles. Vertical preparation of teeth and abutments without finish line on implants is a technique which was found to be adequate for ensuring the remodeling and stability of peri-implant tissues. <b>Key words:</b>Peri-implant tissue health, shoulderless abutments.
MUSCLE TISSUE SATURATION AND PHYSIOLOGICAL THRESHOLDS AT VARYING LEVELS OF HYPOBARIC HYPOXIA (2003)

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a method used to measure muscle tissue saturation of oxygen (StO2). Recently StO2 has become another physiological threshold determinant. Previous studies have demonstrated significant associations between StO2 threshold (StO2T) with the lactate (LaT) and ventilatory thresholds (VT). PURPOSE To determine whether or not StO2 thresholds associate with the LaT and VT at varying levels of hypobaric hypoxia. METHODS Ten (N=10) male cyclists performed a ramped maximal cycle ergometer test at three levels of hypobaric hypoxia: 760, 630, and 521 Torr. Thresholds were determined using the V-slope method for VT, a 0.5mM increase in La from the previous reading for LaT, and the breakpoint from one linear decrease to an accelerated decrease in relative StO2 saturation (%) for the StO2T. Correlation coefficients were used to determine significant associations between threshold occurrences as a percent of maximal power output (REL) and in absolute physiological values (ABS). RMANOVA was used to determine significant differences between REL threshold values at each altitude. RESULTS Significant REL correlations were found between the VT and StO2T (r=0.81, p < 0.05) at 521 Torr. No significant ABS correlations were found. Significant REL differences were found between the LaT and both VT and StO2T at all three altitudes. Means (SD) of REL (%) thresholds at 760, 630, and 521Torr respectively are: LaT 72(6), 74(10), 77(8); VT 54(7)*, 53(10)*, 52(8)*; StO2T 56(10)*, 53(11)*, 52(15)* (* Significantly different from LaT). CONCLUSION Although there were no significant differences between VT and StO2T at any altitude they were significantly associated as REL thresholds at 521torr. Therefore, due to individual differences between cyclists, StO2T may not be a good indicator of threshold determination. Supported by Baylor URC Grant −016-A02 and the Exercise Physiology Laboratories, University of New Mexico
Direct conversion of energy (1964)

Topics include: direct versus dynamic energy conversion; laws governing energy conversion; thermoelectricity; thermionic conversion; magnetohydrodynamic conversion; chemical batteries; the fuel cell; solar cells; nuclear batteries; and advanced concepts including ferroelectric conversion and thermomagnetic conversion.
Truthier Than Thou: Truth, Supertruth and Probability of Truth (2015)

Abstract Different formal tools are useful for different purposes. For example, when it comes to modelling degrees of belief, probability theory is a better tool than classical logic; when it comes to modelling the truth of mathematical claims, classical logic is a better tool than probability theory. In this paper I focus on a widely used formal tool and argue that it does not provide a good model of a phenomenon of which many think it does provide a good model: I shall argue that while supervaluationism may provide a model of probability of truth, or of assertability, it cannot provide a good model of truth—supertruth cannot be truth. The core of the argument is that an adequate model of truth must render certain connectives truth‐functional (at least in certain circumstances)—and supervaluationism does not do so (in those circumstances).
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Intermolecular Stetter Reaction of Glyoxamides with Alkylidenemalonates. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Ultra-rapid preparation of total genomic DNA from isolates of yeast and mould using Whatman FTA filter paper technology – a reusable DNA archiving system (2006)

Conventional methods for purifying PCR-grade fungal genomic DNA typically require cell disruption (either physical or enzymatic) coupled with laborious organic extraction and precipitation stages, or expensive column-based technologies. Here we present an easy and extremely rapid method of preparing yeast and mould genomic DNAs from living cultures using Whatman FTA filter matrix technology. Aqueous suspensions of yeast cells or hyphal fragments and conidia (in the case of moulds) are applied directly (or after freeze-thawing) to dry FTA filters. Inoculated filters are then subjected to brief microwave treatment, to dry the filters and inactivate the organisms. Filter punches are removed, washed rapidly, dried and placed directly into PCR reactions. We show that this procedure inactivated all of the 38 yeast and 75 mould species tested, and generated PCR-grade DNA preparations in around 15 minutes. A total of 218 out of 226 fungal isolates tested liberated amplifiable DNA after application to FTA filters. Detection limits with yeast cultures were approximately 10 colony-forming units per punch. Moreover, we demonstrate that filter punches can be recovered after PCR, washed and used in fresh PCR reactions without detectable cross-contamination. Whatman FTA technology thus represents a cheap, ultra-rapid method of fungal genomic DNA preparation, and also potentially represents a powerful fungal DNA archiving and storage system.
Лабораторное исследование газоизолирующих экранов из сшитой полимерной системы (СПС) применительно к газонефтяным месторождениям сеноманского горизонта (2012)

It was performed the physical modeling creating cross-linked polymer gel gas isolation screen at the gas-oil contact for the Cenomanian stratum Western Siberian gas and oil fields conditions (PK layers). It was found increasing polymer gel gas isolation ability in the presence of residual oil saturation in the range of gas-oil contact facilitates for the high permeability of porous mediums. The mechanism of process was proposed.
Contribution of Penicillin-Binding Protein Homologs to Antibiotic Resistance, Cell Morphology, and Virulence of Listeria monocytogenes EGDe (2006)

Seven open reading frames, annotated as potential penicillin-binding-protein-encoding genes (lmo0441, lmo0540, lmo1438, lmo1892, lmo2039, lmo2229, and lmo2754), were targeted for insertional mutagenesis in Listeria monocytogenes EGDe. These genes were found to contribute in various degrees to beta-lactam resistance, cell morphology, or the virulence potential of this organism.