gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermomechanical Derivation of Noncoaxial Plastic Constitutive Equations Considering Spins of Objective Stress Rates. (1996)

Elastoplastic constitutive equations which take into account yield vertex effects are important in the study of localization instabilities of plastic deformations. However, they have never been discussed thermomechanically. In the present paper, a method of deriving the above equations is proposed which is based on the second law of thermodynamics and the principle of maximal entropy production rate. Elastic strain as a strain measure which is conjugate to objective stress rate is separated from total strain so that the Clausius-Duhem inequality, in which the Gibbs function is introduced as an elastic potential, can be always satisfied. The strain rate and stress rate are expressed by the same objective rate in the rate form of the elastic constitutive equation obtained. The plastic constitutive equation is derived using the principle of maximal dissipation rate. Since this equation is regarded as a flow rule in which the complementary dissipation function assumes the role of a plastic potential, it is indicated that the yield vertex can exist on the dissipation surface. Furthermore, the spin used in the objective stress rate is selected by taking into account not only conventional requirements but also thermomechanical ones.
Requirements for IP multicast performance monitoring (2010)

With increasing deployment of IP multicast in service providers (SPs)
network, SPs need a carrier-grade IP multicast performance monitoring
system. This document describes the requirements for such a system for
a SP network. This system enables efficient performance monitoring in
SPs' production network and provides diagnostic information in case
of performance degradation or failure.
Phosphorylation on Threonine-18 of the Regulatory Light Chain Dissociates the ATPase and Motor Properties of Smooth Muscle Myosin II (1995)

We cloned the full-length cDNA for the cytoplasmic myosin II regulatory light chain (RLC) from a stage 1-2 Xenopus oocyte library. The Xenopus RLC is 94% identical to the chicken smooth muscle myosin RLC. All of the protein kinase C and myosin light chain kinase phosphorylation sites are conserved. Using trifluoperazine [Trybus, K. M., Waller, G. S., & Chatman, T. A. (1994) J. Cell Biol. 124, 963-969], we removed the RLC of smooth muscle myosin and replaced it with recombinant Xenopus RLCs. The wild-type Xenopus RLC substitutes for the gizzard RLC in actin-activated ATPase and in vitro motility assays. We made alanine substitutions of the two residues phosphorylated by myosin light chain kinase, Ser-19 and Thr-18. All of the myosin hybrids, regardless of their mutations or phosphorylation, have similar K+EDTA ATPase activities. As expected, the T18A, S19A hybrid had no actin-activated ATPase, whereas the T18A hybrid phosphorylated on Ser-19 had an actin-activated ATPase similar to that of wild-type hybrids phosphorylated only on Ser-19. The actin-activated ATPase of myosin phosphorylated only on Thr-18 is approximately 15-fold lower than that of myosin phosphorylated on Ser-19. Phosphorylation of either Ser-19 or Thr-18 permits the formation of filaments. Remarkably, in the gliding filament assay, myosin phosphorylated only on Thr-18 moves actin filaments at velocities similar to myosin phosphorylated on Ser-19 or both Thr-18 and Ser-19.
Semantic Model Based Heterogeneous Databases Integration Platform (2007)

Enterprise need integrate all relevant heterogeneous databases in semantic level to react to requirements of their customers, collaborate with partners, identify and exploit new business opportunities quickly and effectively. In this context, a semantic model based Integration platform is developed to cover the whole integration process. The platform includes three modules corresponding to different integration stages: 1) metadata abstraction module is used to get available metadata for attribute correspondence identification. 2) semantic matching module is applied to analyze the metadata and find attributes in different databases that represent the same real-world concept. 3) user checking module adopt semantic model construction principle to describe the matching results as a draft semantic model and provide user editing tool to check and improve the draft model. This document describes the architecture of our platform, walks through its most important two features: machine learning technology based attributes matching and semantic model construction principle.
PRATYLENCHUS JORDANENSIS A JUNIOR SYNONYM OF P. ZEAE (2005)

Pratylenchus jordanensis paratypes from the Rothamsted Nematode Collection in England and three populations from Oman deposited at the USDA Nematode Collection, Beltsville, U.S.A. were used for morphological analyses by light (LM) and scanning electron microcopy (SEM). Morphometrics and tail shape of P. jordanensis paratypes and populations from Oman were determined and compared with those reported in the literature for P. zeae. Head patterns of P. jordanensis and P. zeae were examined by SEM using a 20 year-old P. jordanensis paratype removed from the original slide, specimens of an Oman population from grapevine, and a Florida population of P. zeae from St. Augustine grass. Head patterns of the P. jordanensis specimens showed a smooth face with oral disc and lip sectors fused together and three lip annuli like those of P. zeae. The margin of the third lip annulus was interrupted by a diagonal incisure in both the P. jordanensis paratype and P. zeae. The morphological similarities between P. jordanensis and P. zeae suggest that P. jordanensis is a junior synonym of P. zeae.
Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy Images of the Copper-Containing Amine Oxidase from Arthrobacter Globiformis in the Holo and Apo Forms Adsorbed on Gold under Ambient Conditions (2002)

Dimeric Arthrobacter globiformis amine oxidase in the holo and apo forms adsorbed onto a Au (111) surface have been observed by scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) under ambient conditions. Individual protein molecules denature as they adsorb onto a bare Au surface, although they keep a dual appearance. Tapping atomic force microscopy images of individual proteins correspond well with the STM ones in the lateral direction. STM voltage affects the distance between the units of the denatured proteins: negative voltages separate them while positive ones get them together. Disordered as well as ordered layers of apo and holo proteins have been resolved by STM at molecular detail level. Individual proteins lying on the layers present a compact and a distinct dimeric shape, apo dimers looking bigger than holo dimers.
Cell migration: from tissue culture to embryos (2014)

Cell migration is a fundamental process that occurs during embryo development. Classic studies using in vitro culture systems have been instrumental in dissecting the principles of cell motility and highlighting how cells make use of topographical features of the substrate, cell-cell contacts, and chemical and physical environmental signals to direct their locomotion. Here, we review the guidance principles of in vitro cell locomotion and examine how they control directed cell migration in vivo during development. We focus on developmental examples in which individual guidance mechanisms have been clearly dissected, and for which the interactions among guidance cues have been explored. We also discuss how the migratory behaviours elicited by guidance mechanisms generate the stereotypical patterns of migration that shape tissues in the developing embryo.
ChemInform Abstract: PALLADIUM‐ASSISTED N‐ALKYLATION OF INDOLES: ATTEMPTED APPLICATION TO POLYCYCLIZATION (1981)

Abstract 1‐Lithio‐indol (I) (M = Li) reagiert in Gegenwart von Pd‐Komplexen mit (II) zu verschiedenen Reaktionsprodukten, die z.B. weiter zu den N‐substituierten Verbindungen (III) und (IV) hydriert werden können.
An OLAP Client for Hetero-Homogeneous Data Warehouses (2015)

Data warehouses combine data from various, often heterogeneous sources. The hetero-homogeneous approach to data warehouse modeling allows for the representation of heterogeneities while preserving the advantages of homogeneous models. A hetero-homogeneous model allows for the stepwise, controlled introduction of additional levels and measures for different sub-hierarchies and sub-cubes of an otherwise homogeneous model. We demonstrate with a proof-of-concept implementation that existing OLAP technology may be adapted for the use with hetero-homogeneous data warehouses.
Design, fabrication, and tuning of a THz-driven electron gun (2022)

We present the design, fabrication, and low power testing of a THz-driven field emission electron gun. The two cell standing-wave gun is designed to be powered by a 110 GHz gyrotron and produce 360 keV electrons with 500 kW of input power. Several gun structures were fabricated using a high precision diamond turned mandrel and copper electroforming. The field emission source is a copper tip with a 50 $μ$m radius inserted halfway into first cell. The frequencies of the cavity resonances were mechanically tuned using azimuthal compression. This work presents electromagnetic and particle simulations of the design and cold test measurements of the fabricated structures.
Switched-Currents: an analogue technique for digital technology (1993)

This book introduces the basic switched-current technique and presents practical chip examples. Numerous application areas are described, ranging from filters and data converters to image processing applications.
Synthesis and Properties of Self‐doped Polyaniline with Polycationic Templates via Biocatalysis (2006)

The enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was used to polymerize acid‐functionalized anilines to make self‐doped polymer in the presence of a polycationic template. Anionic templates such as sulfonated polystyrene (SPS) could not function as a suitable template for the polymerization of acid‐functionalized aniline derivatives. Several types of polyelectrolytes were used as templates to observe the structural effects and doping behavior of polyaniline/template complexes. The synthesis is straightforward and the conditions are mild in that the polymerization of conducting polyanilines may be carried out in buffered solutions as high as pH 6, with a stoichiometric amount of hydrogen peroxide and catalytic amount of enzyme. The conductivity of these enzymatically synthesized self‐doped polymers was relatively high without additional doping due to the self‐doping of the acid moieties. The conductivity did not decrease dramatically at pH 3 as is the usual case of unsubstituted HCl‐doped polyaniline and maintained good conductivity even at pH 6. The measured conductivity at pH 4∼pH 6 is around 10−4 S/cm to 10−6 S/cm.
High-sensitivity NO2 sensor based on n-type InP epitaxial layers (2005)

The structure and sensing properties of a novel resistive NO2 sensor based on n-type InP epitaxial layers have been presented. The studies of sensor resistance changes due to adsorbed gas NO2 under exposures in the range from 20 to 100 ppb at a temperature of 80°C were performed. The thickness of the active InP layer changed from 0.2 to 0.4 Μm. The response time and signal stability was also investigated. Furthermore, the influence of surface states and near-surface region on sensor parameters in terms of the resistance relative changes was shown from numerical simulations. The analysis of the measured photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra confirmed the complex chemical composition of the InP oxides, which give rise to the high density of surface states.
Accuracy of MRI and Varus Stress Radiographs in Diagnosing Fibular Collateral Ligament Injuries (2018)

Objectives: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging and varus stress radiographs for FCL tears, and compare these modalities to intraoperative findings. Methods: All patients who underwent an isolated FCL or combined ACL/FCL reconstruction by a single surgeon between 2010 and 2017 with preoperative varus stress radiographs and MRI were included in this study. A control group was comprised of patients with an MRI and intact ACL and FCL. Sensitivity and specificity of diagnosing FCL injuries on MRI were determined based on review by a fellowship-trained musculoskeletal radiologist. The sensitivity of diagnosing an FCL injury based on varus stress radiographs was also determined. Furthermore, the ability of both imaging modalities to identify an FCL injury was stratified based on acute versus chronic etiology. Results: A total of 232 patients were included: 98 patients in the FCL tear group and 134 patients in the control group. Varus stress radiographs were determined to be more sensitive in diagnosing FCL injuries compared to MRI, with an overall sensitivity of 70% compared to 66%. Based on chronicity of the injuries, MRI was more accurate for detecting acute FCL injuries than chronic injuries (p=0.002), and varus stress radiographs were more accurate for detecting chronic FCL injuries than acute injuries (p=0.041). Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first clinical study to directly compare the diagnostic accuracy of FCL tear detection utilizing MRI and varus stress radiographs in the same patient cohort. While varus stress radiographs appear to have a higher accuracy overall, the results from our study support the use of both varus stress radiographs and MRI in diagnosing FCL injuries, as MRI is more sensitive in diagnosing an acute FCL tear, and varus stress radiographs are more sensitive in diagnosing a chronic FCL tear.
Small-Angle Diffusing Screens for Photolithographic Camera Illumination Systems (1972)

A method is described for producing transmitting screens that diffuse light into small angles. With these screens, the amount of small-angle diffusion can be controlled while light loss from large-angle scattering is kept to a minimum. The diffusers are fabricated from two glass substrates that are ground, etched, and cemented together. There is a controlled mismatch between the optical index of the cement and that of the substrates. The screens were primarily designed for photolithographic camera illumination systems that involve a tradeoff between luminance and uniformity.
Can Programming Be Liberated, Period? (2008)

We have come a long way since programming had to be done by tediously listing machine-level instructions that prescribed how a specific computer was to modify and move bits and words in its memory. The author describes his dream about freeing ourselves from the straightjackets of programming, making the process of getting computers to do what we want intuitive, natural, and also fun. He recommends harnessing the great power of computing and transforming a natural and almost playful means of programming so that it becomes fully operational and machine-doable. Once liberated, programmers will probably have new kinds of work to do, possibly including the need to set up specialized features of the new sophisticated computational tools that would be running in the background.
Publisher’s Note: Local Stress and Superfluid Properties of SolidHe4[Phys. Rev. Lett.101, 097202 (2008)] (2008)

Received 17 December 2008DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.269901©2008 American Physical Society
Synthesis of six mexiletine derivatives with isoindolines attached as potential antioxidants and their evaluation as cardioprotective agents (2014)

Some mexiletine derivatives with isoindoline based antioxidants attached have been shown to have significant cardioprotective properties.
A Mechanistic Study of Ni‐catalyzed Carbon Dioxide Coupling with Ethylene towards the Manufacture of Acrylic Acid (2014)

Abstract The reaction mechanism of CO 2 coupling with C 2 H 4 by homogeneous Ni‐complexes bearing bidentate phosphorous ligands was studied by means of density functional theory calculations. The reaction is initiated by sequential coordination of C 2 H 4 and CO 2 to the Ni center, followed by a facile coupling step, which results in a stable nickelalactone intermediate. Subsequent decomposition of this intermediate through β ‐H transfer is the rate‐determining step. Together with the following reductive elimination step to form acrylic acid they represent a strongly kinetically‐hampered process. Destabilization of the nickelalactone intermediate in the presence of large bite angle bidentate ligands has only a minor effect on the overall reaction energetics. Modifying the electronic properties of ligands is also not effective to drive the reaction in a catalytic manner. These studies indicate that the coupling reaction has to be enforced through an alternative route. It is predicted here that a base‐assisted decomposition of the nickelalactone intermediate represents a favorable reaction channel. The factors affecting the reactivity of this route are investigated. The best reactivity corresponds to the CH 3 OH‐solvated CH 3 ONa that allows the β ‐H transfer step to proceed with a barrier of only 49 kJ mol −1 .
Extensive Electron-Nuclear Angular Momentum Exchange in Vibrational Autoionization ofnpandnfRydberg States of NO (1996)

Vibrational autoionization of individual rotational levels of $\mathrm{np}$ ( $\ensuremath{\nu}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}1$) and $\mathrm{nf}$ ( $\ensuremath{\nu}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}1$) Rydberg states of nitric oxide (NO) with $11\ensuremath{\le}n\ensuremath{\le}15$ have been studied employing two-color double-resonance excitation via the NO $A^{2}\ensuremath{\Sigma}^{+}$ ( ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{i}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}1$) state. The rotational state distributions of the resulting ${\mathrm{NO}}^{+}$ $X^{1}\ensuremath{\Sigma}^{+}$ ( ${\ensuremath{\nu}}^{+}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}0$) ion have been determined by time-of-flight photoelectron spectroscopy. These measurements show the occurrence of angular momentum exchange between the outgoing electron and the molecular-ion core, a process that has been commonly neglected in theoretical treatments of vibrational autoionization.
Perfect reconstruction deinterlacer banks for field scalable video compression (2005)

Perfect reconstruction (PR) deinterlacer banks are proposed as new tools for spatio-temporal scalable video codec. The proposed systems separate a progressive video into two different progressive videos of a half frame rate and are novel from the viewpoint of filter-banks in that interlaced videos are given as intermediate data during analysis and synthesis process. Unlike the conventional filter banks, our systems are constructed in a way unique to multidimensional systems by using invertible deinterlacers which we have proposed before. This paper suggests two kinds of interlaced video formats: the vertical-temporal (VT) Quincunx and face-centered-orthorhombic (FCO) format. As a primal application, a spatio-temporal scalable video codec, or field scalable video codec (FSVC), system is experimented. This technique offers a functionality by which decoding a base layer by itself provides both of half-rate progressive and interlaced videos, and adding an enhancement layer improves the spatio-temporal resolution. Some experimental results of the filter banks combined with JPEG2000 show their potential for practical video codec applications.
Raman Hyperspectral Imaging: An essential tool in the pharmaceutical field (2017)

Resulting from the combination of Raman spectroscopy and optical microscopy, Raman hyperspectral imaging has proven to be an indispensable tool in the pharmaceutical field. This article will broach a number of Raman hyperspectral imaging applications that were developed in our laboratory, in order to demonstrate the significance of the technique.
Analyse asymptotique d'ordre élevé d'un système électrostatique torsadé (2006)

peer reviewed
Stroke from other etiologies masquerading as migraine-stroke. (1991)

There has been a recent increase in the number of studies dealing with migraine-stroke. I describe five patients in whom migraine-stroke was the clinical diagnosis but in whom the subsequent clinical events or autopsy showed a different mechanism for the cerebral infarction. Three patients had arterial dissection (one proven at autopsy), one had marantic endocarditis that had been missed on two echocardiograms (proven at autopsy), and one had generalized atherosclerosis and diabetes. These patients demonstrate that important and different etiologies may produce what seems to be the migraine-stroke syndrome. The result may be failure to recognize specific therapeutic measures that could have vitally important benefit to the patient.
401 Environmental and Nutritional Implications of Agriculture without Animals. (2018)

Increasing investigations into the environmental impact of agriculture have suggested livestock contribute to agricultural greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), inferring removal of livestock would enable significant reductions in agricultural GHG. The objective of this work was to summarize the GHG and collateral nutritional shifts associated with removing livestock from United States (U.S.) agriculture. Although the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency suggests livestock currently contribute 9% of total U.S. GHG, and 49% of agricultural GHG; the work of White and Hall (DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1707322114) suggests elimination of livestock from U.S. agriculture would only reduce total emissions by 2.6 to 2.9% (a 28 to 32% reduction in agricultural GHG). Concurrently, this shift in agricultural productivity would result in a food supply with insufficient supplies of essential vitamins, minerals, and fatty acids. A notable assumption of the assessment of White and Hall was that land-use in the US would be adjusted based on the current proportions of land use. This assumption resulted in corn and soy making up large portions of the grains (70%) and legumes (90%) being produced. An alternative assumption would be that land use in the U.S. could be adjusted to farm more fruits and vegetables. This scenario was evaluated in a follow-up letter by White and Hally (DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1720895115) and failed to meet the US population’s requirement for vitamin B12, long-chain omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. Results of these investigations highlight the need to expand our assessments of the environmental-impact of the food production system to consider the broader picture and the collateral impacts of proposed changes in this system.
How populist are populist parties in France? Understanding parties’ strategies within a relational approach (2021)

International audience
Adaptive mode-dependent scan for H.264/AVC intracoding (2010)

In image/video coding standards, the zigzag scan provides an effective encoding order of the quantized transform coefficients such that the quantized coefficients can be arranged statistically from large to small magnitudes. Generally, the optimal scan should transfer the 2-D transform coefficients into 1-D data in descending order of their average power levels. With the optimal scan order, we can achieve more efficient variable length coding. In H.264 advanced video coding (AVC), the residuals resulting from various intramode predictions have different statistical characteristics. After analyzing the transformed residuals, we propose an adaptive scan order scheme, which optimally matches up with intraprediction mode, to further improve the efficiency of intracoding. Simulation results show that the proposed adaptive scan scheme can improve the context-adaptive variable length coding to achieve better rate-distortion performance for the H.264/AVC video coder without the increase of computation.