gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Utility of magneto‐electropolished ternary nitinol alloys for blood contacting applications (2014)

The thrombogenicity of a biomaterial is mainly dependent on its surface characteristics, which dictates its interactions with blood. Surface properties such as composition, roughness wettability, surface free energy, and morphology will affect an implant material's hemocompatibility. Additionally, in the realm of metallic biomaterials, the specific composition of the alloy and its surface treatment are important factors that will affect the surface properties. The utility of magneto-electropolished (MEP) ternary Nitinol alloys, NiTiTa, and NiTiCr as blood contacting materials was investigated. The hemcompatibility of these alloys were compared to mechanically polished (MP) metallic biomaterial counterparts. In vitro thrombogenicity tests revealed significantly less platelet adherence on ternary MEP Nitinol, especially MEP NiTi10Ta as compared to the MP metals (p < 0.05). The enhanced anti-platelet-adhesive property of MEP NiTi10Ta was in part, attributed to the Ta2 O5 component of the alloy. Furthermore, the formation of a dense and mixed hydrophobic oxide layer during MEP is believed to have inhibited the adhesion of negatively charged platelets. In conclusion, MEP ternary Nitinol alloys can potentially be utilized for blood-contacting devices where, complications resulting from thrombogenicity can be minimized.
Genetic-Based Infectious Disease Resistance As A New Health Management Strategy (1996)

Cattle naturally resistant to Brucella abortus were bred and progeny from five generations of families were used to study the heritability of genes controlling this trait. Back-crossed calves were phenotyped by challenge with B. abortus and the results from genetic analyses indicated that at least two genes control this trait.
Palm print recognition using DWT and textural feature (2017)

This paper proposes a biometric recognition using palm print as a biometric modality, palm print consist of abandoned textural feature hence texture information are being used for recognition. The discrete wavelet transform is applied on the Region of Interest (ROI) of palm print at multi-level wavelet decomposition. Then gray level co-occurrence matrix of original as well as all sub bands of wavelet transform is formed with different orientation angle (0°, 45°, 90°, 135°), and from these matrix Harlick features are derived which used to form feature vector of original ROI. This feature vector has been used to match two images that is test image and template by using Euclidean distance. The experimentation has been carried out on publically available IIT Delhi Touch less Palm print database. The system is evaluated on the basis of performance parameter Accuracy False Acceptance Rate (FAR) and False Rejection Rate (FRR).
The Wiimote with SAPI: Creating an Accessible Low-Cost, Human Computer Interface for the Physically Disabled (2009)

Summary In this paper we report on an inexpensive device that helps a person with physical disability to interact with the Web. The human computer interface is made through a head tracking pointer. The head tracking pointer consists of the Wii controller (Wiimote), a low cost and readily available game controller, and infrared (IR) LED. The Wiimote is used to detect the position of the user’s head. The Windows API (Application Programming Interface) has been used to move the pointer to the proper position according to the position given by the Wiimote. Microsoft SAPI (Speech Application Programming Interface) has been used to input commands via speech. The browser has been developed to provide a simple easy-to-use graphical user interface (GUI) to be used by the physically disabled. The total cost of the system is less than $50, much less than any commercial product with the same functionality. The system received high marks in the field test.
Development and Characterization of 100 Gb/s Data Communication VCSELs (2021)

Multi-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) with improved bandwidth and noise performance have been developed for 100 Gb/s data communication links over multi-mode fiber. The VCSELs are designed for the peak multi-mode fiber bandwidth at 850 nm to maximize reach. The small-signal modulation 3dB bandwidth exceeds 25 GHz over temperature and relative intensity noise is below -145 dB/Hz. Transmission of 53.125 GBd PAM-4 signals over a 100m OM4 fiber is demonstrated by using equalization on both transmit and receive side. The transmitter and dispersion eye closure quaternary (TDECQ) penalty is below 4 dB for VCSEL operating up to 75°C.
Quantifying organic solar cell morphology: a computational study of three-dimensional maps (2013)

Establishing how fabrication conditions quantitatively affect the morphology of organic blends opens the possibility of rationally designing higher efficiency materials; yet such a relationship remains elusive. One of the major challenges stems from incomplete three-dimensional representations of morphology, which is due to the difficulties of performing accurate morphological measurements. Recently, three-dimensional measurements of mixed organic layers using electron tomography with high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) provided maps of morphology with high resolution and detail. Using a simple, yet powerful, computational tool kit, these complex 3D datasets are converted into a set of physically meaningful morphology descriptors. These descriptors provide means for converting these large, complicated datasets (∼5 × 107 voxels) into simple, descriptive parameters, enabling a quantitative comparison among morphologies fabricated under different conditions. A set of P3HT:endohedral fullerene bulk-heterojunctions, fabricated under conditions specifically chosen to yield a wide range of morphologies, are examined. The effects of processing conditions and electrode presence on interfacial area, domain size distribution, connectivity, and tortuosity of charge transport paths are herein determined directly from real-space data for the first time. Through this characterization, quantitative insights into the role of processing in morphology are provided, as well as a more complete picture of the consequences of a three-phase morphology. The analysis demonstrates a methodology which can enable a deeper understanding into morphology control.
Efficient high-order evaluation of scattering by periodic surfaces: vector-parametric gratings and geometric singularities (2010)

We introduce a highly accurate and efficient solver for problems of scattering by vector-parametric, possibly non-smooth one-dimensional periodic surfaces. For grating-diffraction problems in the resonance regime (heights and periods of the order of the wavelength of radiation) the proposed algorithm produces solutions with full double-precision accuracy in single-processor computing times of the order of a few seconds. Our algorithm can also produce, in reasonable computing times, solutions for highly challenging TE and TM scattering problems – defined by very deep multi-valued scattering surfaces and high frequencies of radiation – including cases in which non-smooth bounding surfaces enclose open cavities.
Dual-ion Cells Based on Anion Intercalation into Graphite from Ionic Liquid-Based Electrolytes (2012)

Abstract Electrochemical energy storage systems using graphite as both the negative and the positive electrode have been proposed as “dual-graphite cells”. In this kind of electrochemical system, the electrolyte cations intercalate into the negative electrode and the electrolyte anions intercalate into the positive electrode, both based on graphite, during the charging process. On discharge, cations and anions are released back into the electrolyte. So far, the systems proposed in literature are primarily based on Li + and PF 6 - intercalation/de-intercalation into/from graphite from non-aqueous organic solvent based electrolytes. As the positive electrode potential during charging always exceeds 4.2 V vs. Li/Li + , the organic electrolyte starts to decompose at these highly oxidizing conditions resulting in insufficient discharge/charge efficiencies. The replacement of organic solvent by ionic liquids (ILs) leads an increased stability of the electrolyte towards oxidation and thus to remarkably higher efficiencies as well as an increased cycling stability. In fact, ionic liquids provide extended anodic electrochemical stability and in addition, no solvent co-intercalation occurs in parallel to anion intercalation at high potentials. Here, we present highly promising results for “dual-ion cells” based on a graphite cathode and an ionic liquid based electrolyte, namely N-butyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (Pyr 14 TFSI). As the compatibility of this IL with graphite anodes is poor, alternative anodes such as metallic lithium or lithium titanate (Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 , LTO) are used. Consequently, the “dual-graphite” cell is renamed to “dual-ion” cell. In addition, the calculation of the specific energy of these systems will be in the focus of the discussion.
An Improved Algorithm for Camera Model Identification Using Inter-channel Demosaicking Traces (2012)

Most CFA (color filter array) interpolation-based digital image forensic methods characterize inter-pixel relationship with a linear model and use the estimated interpolation coefficients as features for image source camera identification. However, various CFA models and interpolation algorithms must be tried for coefficient estimation during the detection process in that the CFA pattern of an image is often unknown at the receiver's end. This incurs high computational complexity. Instead of using inter-pixel correlations, Ho et al. proposed to use inter-channel demosaicking/color interpolation traces for identifying the source camera model of a test image. In this work, we propose an improved algorithm. We first extract two variance maps by estimating the variances of each component of the green-to-red and green-to-blue spectrum differences, respectively, and then take the shape and texture features of these two maps for camera model identification. Experimental results show that our method achieves better overall performance.
Bis- and Oligo(trifluoromethyl)benzenes: Hydrogen/Metal Exchange Rates and Gas-Phase Acidities (1998)

To what extent do trifluoromethyl groups stabilize electron excess? An unequivocal answer was deduced from gas-phase equilibration between two acid/base couples, one of them composed of an arene carrying zero, one, two, three trifluoromethyl substituents and the corresponding aryl anion. Depending on its distance from the anionic site, a CF3 unit stabilizes the latter by up to 13 kcal mol−1, and the effects of two or more substituents are additive. On the other hand, when strong bases are employed in solution to generate organometallic species under irreversible conditions, the relative rates of deprotonation are unpredictable since steric hindrance exerted by the CF3 groups and side reations now play a crucial role.
Crystal Structure of d-Hydantoinase from Bacillus stearothermophilus:  Insight into the Stereochemistry of Enantioselectivity, (2002)

Industrial production of antibiotics, such as semisynthetic penicillins and cephalosporins, requires optically pure D-p-hydroxylphenylglycine and its derivatives as important side-chain precursors. To produce optically pure D-amino acids, microbial D-hydantoinase (E.C. 3.5.2.2) is used for stereospecific hydrolysis of chemically synthesized cyclic hydantoins. We report the apo-crystal structure of D-hydantoinase from B. stearothermophilus SD1 at 3.0 A resolution. The structure has a classic TIM barrel fold. Despite an undetectable similarity in sequence, D-hydantoinase shares a striking structural similarity with the recently solved structure of dihydroorotase. A structural comparison of hydantoinase with dihydroorotase revealed that the catalytic chemistry is conserved, while the substrate recognition is not. This structure provides insight into the stereochemistry of enantioselectivity in hydrolysis and illustrates how the enzyme recognizes stereospecific exocyclic substituents and hydrolyzes hydantoins. It should also provide a rationale for further directed evolution of this enzyme for hydrolysis of new hydantoins with novel exocyclic substituents.
Caroverine in Tinnitus Treatment (1998)

(1998). Caroverine in Tinnitus Treatment. Acta Oto-Laryngologica: Vol. 118, No. 4, pp. 606-607.
Monitoring of prestressing forces in prestressed concrete structures—An overview (2019)

This paper presents an overview of currently available methods for monitoring prestressing forces in prestressed concrete structure. Structural health monitoring has become an increasingly important tool for assessment of structural performance. Additionally, the value of the prestressing force represents an important parameter in prestressed concrete structures. Thus, several methods for monitoring prestress forces have emerged. This paper aims to consolidate the work performed in the area of prestressing force monitoring by presenting the most important advances and the directions for future research. The methods presented in this paper are based on indirect monitoring of the prestressing force through monitoring of another relevant parameter. They are divided into five general classes based on the relevant parameter they monitor: (a) vibration-based methods (based on acceleration), (b) impedance-based methods (based on electrical impedance), (c) acoustoelastic methods (based on wave velocity), (d) elasto-magnetic methods (based on magnetic permeability), and (e) strain-based methods (based on strain). The paper presents a table summarizing the comparison between the methods based on defined criteria.
Detection of Monoclonal B Lymphocytes in Multiple Myeloma by Immunofluorescence Tests of Surface Immunoglobulins (1978)

Peripheral blood lymphocytes of 16 patients with secretory type of multiple myeloma and 5 with nonmyelomatous monoclonal gammopathy were investigated for the surface immunoglobulins on the cell by immunofluorescence. A low pH shock of cells before staining was applied to dissociate the passively absorbed immunoglobulins present on the cell surface. Increases of B lymphocytes bearing surface immunoglobulins which have the same light chains as those of monoclonal immunoglobulins produced by the plasma cells were found in 5 of 11 common secretory myeloma patients and in all of 6 Bence-Jones myeloma patients. Ratios of cells bearing light chains of kappa- and lambda-types (kappa/lambda) appeared abnormal in almost all with an exception of only 3 cases of myeloma patients, even in the cases where the number of Ig bearing cells did not increase. Increases of possible monoclonal B cells bearing IgG, in addition to IgA cells, were observed in some patients with IgA myeloma. Increases of B cells bearing certain heavy chains were also observed in all 5 patients with Bence-Jones myeloma during the course of disease. No abnormalities of B cells bearing surface immunoglobulin were found in nonmyelomatous monoclonal gammopathy. These results suggest that proliferation of monoclonal B lymphocytes, which may be progenitors to the malignant plasma cells, occurs in a majority of myeloma patients, but not in nonmyelomatous monoclonal gammopathy.
Medical Treatment for Neurocysticercosis: Drugs, Indications and Perspectives (2008)

Neurocysticercosis is one of the most frequent parasitic diseases affecting the central nervous system. The introduction of anticysticidal therapy in the early 80's and the concomitant improvement of the radiological techniques have lead to apparently significant progress in patient prognosis. However, due to the specificity of the disease, a great debate has been generated on the real usefulness of cysticidal drugs. This article revises and discusses the pharmacological aspects of cysticidal treatment and summarizes current indications for the different types of the disease.
Dendrites Contain a Spacing Pattern (2006)

The distinctive branching patterns of dendritic arbors are essential for neuronal information processing. The final shape of an arbor is the result of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. However, the cellular mechanisms that underlie branch patterning are unknown. In many biological systems, locally acting factors are intrinsically organized into spacing patterns that guide patterned morphogenesis. Here, we show that neurons contain two types of periodic and regular elements (PADREN1s and PADREN2s) that are arranged into a spacing pattern. The wavelength of the pattern is approximately 20 microm. Dendritic branches occur preferentially within PADREN1s, and specific PADREN lengths correspond to specific arbor types. The lengths of the PADRENs also change over time and can be modified by activity. However, PADRENs are intrinsically organized, possibly by a reaction-diffusion process. PADRENs reveal a previously unrecognized level of neuronal organization that may provide insight into how the distinct branching patterns of the dendrites are intrinsically organized.
High-Energy Two-Stage Pulsed Plasma Thruster (2003)

A high-energy (28 kJ per pulse) two-stage pulsed plasma thruster (MSFC PPT-1) has been constructed and tested. The motivation of this project is to develop a high power (approximately 500 kW), high specific impulse (approximately 10000 s), highly efficient (greater than 50%) thruster for use as primary propulsion in a high power nuclear electric propulsion system. PPT-1 was designed to overcome four negative characteristics which have detracted from the utility of pulsed plasma thrusters: poor electrical efficiency, poor propellant utilization efficiency, electrode erosion, and reliability issues associated with the use of high speed gas valves and high current switches. Traditional PPTs have been plagued with poor efficiency because they have not been operated in a plasma regime that fully exploits the potential benefits of pulsed plasma acceleration by electromagnetic forces. PPTs have generally been used to accelerate low-density plasmas with long current pulses. Operation of thrusters in this plasma regime allows for the development of certain undesirable particle-kinetic effects, such as Hall effect-induced current sheet canting. PPT-1 was designed to propel a highly collisional, dense plasma that has more fluid-like properties and, hence, is more effectively pushed by a magnetic field. The high-density plasma loading into the second stage of the accelerator is achieved through the use of a dense plasma injector (first stage). The injector produces a thermal plasma, derived from a molten lithium propellant feed system, which is subsequently accelerated by the second stage using mega-amp level currents, which eject the plasma at a speed on the order of 100 kilometers per second. Traditional PPTs also suffer from dynamic efficiency losses associated with snowplow loading of distributed neutral propellant. The twostage scheme used in PPT-I allows the propellant to be loaded in a manner which more closely approximates the optimal slug loading. Lithium propellant was chosen to test whether or not the reduced electrode erosion found in the Lithium Lorentz Force Accelerator (LiLFA) could also be realized in a pulsed plasma thruster. The use of the molten lithium dense plasma injector also eliminates the need for a gas valve and electrical switch; the injector design fulfills both roles, and uses no moving parts to provide, in principle, a highly reliable propellant feed and electrical switching system. Experimental results reported in this paper include: second-stage current traces, high-speed photographic and holographic imaging of the thruster exit plume, and internal mapping of the discharge chamber magnetic field from B-dot probe data. The magnetic field data is used to create a two-dimensional description of the evolution of the current sheet inside the thruster.
Tribological evaluation of lubricant additives under boundary lubrication (2020)

Growing environmental concern is shifting lubricant markets towards synthetic products, which demonstrate better tribological performance than their mineral oil counterpart. Research on potential economic savings stemming from energy wasted through excessive friction and wear estimates the total global energy consumption could be reduced by 8.7% by 2032. As a byproduct, CO2 emissions stemming from friction and wear deficiencies could be reduced by 35%. The least understood lubrication regime (boundary lubrication) is the major culprit for energy loss, and for this reason, remains a hot topic within a vast interdisciplinary research community. After covering the fundamentals of lubrication, this series of studies explores the lubricant properties of organic and inorganic lubricant additives synthesized for the purpose of mitigating friction and wear under boundary lubrication. First, a biolubricant derived from a novel yeast source is investigated. This is followed by two additional studies which explore the tribological properties of organic additives, specifically synthesized esters and ethers. The synthesized esters and ethers demonstrated drastic reductions in friction and wear compared to commercially available base oil and even outperform two fully formulated engine oils under the reported test conditions. Next, a study on inorganic additives examines the friction and wear behavior of metal nanoparticle composites. Lastly, a study encompassing an analytical approach aimed at characterizing surface evolution for fatigued surfaces is introduced. It demonstrates an effective technique to monitor and predict micropitting failure. For each study, necessary background information and relevant literature is reviewed to provide context. Experimental methods are also included. Spectral data acquired from synthesized lubricants and the scripts describing utilized analytical tools can be found in adjoined appendices.
A model-based approach to compensate for the dynamics convolution effect on nanomechanical property measurement (2010)

A model-based approach to compensate for the dynamics convolution effect on the measurement of nanomechanical properties is proposed. In indentation-based approach to measure nanomechanical properties of soft materials, an excitation force consisting of multiple frequencies needs to be accurately exerted (from the probe) to the sample material, and the indentation generated in the sample needs to be accurately measured. However, when the measurement frequency range becomes close to the bandwidth of the instrument hardware, the instrument dynamics along with the probe-sample interaction can be convoluted with the mechanical behavior of the soft material, resulting in distortions in both the applied force and the measured indentation, which, in turn, directly lead to errors in the measured nanomechanical properties of the material (e.g., the creep compliance). In this article, the dynamics involved in indentation-based nanomechanical property measurement is investigated to reveal that the convoluted dynamics effect can be described as the difference between the lightly damped probe-sample interaction and the overdamped nanomechanical behavior of the soft sample. Thus, these two different dynamics effects can be decoupled via numerical fitting based on the viscoelastic model of the soft material. The proposed approach is illustrated by implementing it to compensate for the dynamics convolution effect on a broadband viscoelasticity measurement of a polydimethylsiloxane sample using a scanning probe microscope.