gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation of Si–C–N–Fe magnetic ceramics from iron‐containing polysilazane (2003)

Abstract A new type of hyperbranched polysilazane containing iron (PSZI) compound was synthesized by the polycondensation of silazane lithium salts with FeCl 3 , and the structure of the PSZIs was investigated by IR, NMR and elemental analyses. The PSZIs were pyrolyzed under nitrogen, argon or NH 3 , and magnetic ceramics could be obtained. The ceramic yields of the PSZIs were higher than those of their corresponding silazanes, and the PSZIs or silazanes with reactive groups containing SiH, CHCH 2 or higher branched structures had higher yields. The magnetism of the ceramics could be controlled by a pyrolytic atmosphere and temperature: the saturation magnetization M s ranged from 20 to 100 emu g −1 and coercivity H c ranged from 463 to 50 Oe. The transformation of the magnetic loop of the PSZIs pyrolyzed at different temperatures under NH 3 was quite different from those under nitrogen. It was shown by X‐ray diffraction measurements that the magnetic crystalline form could exist as Fe 4 N, Fe(0) or Fe 3 N depending on temperature under NH 3 , but under a nitrogen atmosphere Fe(0) was nearly the only magnetic crystalline form from 600 to 1100 °C. By dipping or spin‐coating of the PSZI solution, then through pyrolysis under nitrogen, argon or NH 3 , thin uniform magnetic ceramic films could be fabricated on the substrates. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Contemporary Management Strategies of Baffle Leaks in Adults with a Failing Systemic Right Ventricle Late after Atrial Switch: A Case Series and Literature Overview (2023)

Baffle leaks are a frequently encountered and often overlooked complication after the atrial switch procedure for transposition of the great arteries. Baffle leaks are present in up to 50% of non-selected patients, and while they initially may not cause clear symptoms, they can complicate the hemodynamic course and influence the prognosis in this complex patient group. A shunt from the pulmonary venous atrium (PVA) to the systemic venous atrium (SVA) can lead to pulmonary overflow and subpulmonary left ventricular (LV) volume overload, while a shunt from the SVA to the PVA can result in (exercise-associated) cyanosis and paradoxical embolism. We report three cases of baffle leaks in patients with systemic right ventricular (sRV) failure late after the atrial switch procedure. Two symptomatic patients who presented with exercise-associated cyanosis due to SVA to PVA shunting over the baffle leak underwent successful percutaneous baffle leak closure with a septal occluder device. One patient with overt sRV failure and signs of subpulmonary LV volume overload due to PVA to SVA shunting was managed conservatively, as baffle leak closure was expected to lead to an increase in sRV end-diastolic pressure and aggravation of sRV dysfunction. These three cases illustrate the considerations made, challenges faced, and necessity of a patient-tailored approach when addressing baffle leaks.
An ECG-based machine learning model for predicting new-onset atrial fibrillation is superior to age and clinical features in identifying patients at high stroke risk (2022)

An ECG-based ML risk prediction model is more efficient than contemporary AF-screening criteria based on age alone or age and clinical features at indicating a population for AF screening to potentially prevent AF-related strokes.
The crystal structure of 2-(4-bromophenyl)-4-(2-fluoroethyl)-5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3,4-oxadiazine hydrochloride, an octopaminergic insecticide/miticide (1995)

The crystal structure of 2-(4-bromophenyl)-4-(2-fluoroethyl)-5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3,4-oxadiazine hydrochloride, a new octopamine agonist, has been established by Patterson and Fourier methods and refined to a final R value of 0.0293 for 2123 absorption-corrected observed data. The crystals are monoclinic, a = 14.336(3), b = 12.649(3), c = 6.989(1) Å, β = 93.48(1)°, and the space group is P2 1 /c. Its structural similarities with the crystal structure of the invertebrate neurotransmitter, octopamine, are described and support the hypothesis that the pesticidal properties of dihydrooxadiazines are, at least partially, due to perturbation of octopaminergic systems. Keywords: dihydrooxadiazine, octopamine agonist.
Estimation of hyperspectral inherent optical properties from in-water radiometry: error analysis and application to in situ data (2013)

An inverse algorithm is developed to retrieve hyperspectral absorption and backscattering coefficients from measurements of hyperspectral upwelling radiance and downwelling irradiance in vertically homogeneous waters. The forward model is the azimuthally averaged radiative transfer equation, efficiently solved by the EcoLight radiative transfer model, which includes the effects of inelastic scattering. Although this inversion problem is ill posed (the solution is ambiguous for retrieval of total scattering coefficients), unique and stable solutions can be found for absorption and backscattering coefficients. The inversion uses the attenuation coefficient at one wavelength to constrain the inversion, increasing the algorithm's stability and accuracy. Two complementary methods, Monte Carlo simulation and first-order error propagation, are used to develop uncertainty estimates for the retrieved absorption and backscattering coefficients. The algorithm is tested using both simulated light fields from a chlorophyll-based case I bio-optical model and radiometric field data from the 2008 North Atlantic Bloom Experiment. The influence of uncertainty in the radiometric quantities and additional model parameters on the inverse solution for absorption and backscattering is studied using a Monte Carlo approach, and an uncertainty budget is developed for retrievals. All of the required radiometric and inherent optical property measurements can be made from power-limited autonomous platforms. We conclude that hyperspectral measurements of downwelling irradiance and upwelling radiance, with a single-wavelength measurement of attenuation, can be used to estimate hyperspectral absorption to an accuracy of ±0.01 m(-1) and hyperspectral backscattering to an accuracy of ±0.0005 m(-1) from 350 to 575 nm.
Three-Hand Endoscopic Endonasal Transsphenoidal Surgery: Experience With an Anatomy-Preserving Mononostril Approach Technique (2017)

We describe a 3-hand, mononostril endoscopic transsphenoidal technique performed by a single neurosurgeon that has minimal anatomic distortion and postoperative complications. During the learning curve of this technique, operative time can significantly decrease, while EOR, postoperative outcomes, and complications are not jeopardized.
Differences in the Catalytic Activity of Nickel, Platinum and Palladium as Observed in the Isotopic Exchange Reaction of Paraxylene with Deuterium Oxide (1962)

Abstract It has been confirmed that nickel can exchange catalytically only hydrogen atoms of methyl groups of paraxylene with deuterium oxide, irrespective of the method of preparation, while platinum and palladium can exchange hydrogen atoms of both methyl groups and benzene ring under similar experimental conditions. It has been found that the catalytic activity of nickel becomes similar to that of platinum and palladium if nickel is supported on alumina, but remains unchanged if it is supported on silica or kieselguhr. It has been shown to be difficult to explain these two findings perfectly.
Mesoscopic Structures in Ferroelastic and Co-Elastic Materials (2002)

Phase transitions often lead to the formation of characteristic microstructures. The most common type, namely ferroelastic and co-elastic phase transition, are often dominated by twin patterns. Twin patterns may consists of individual twins, needle domains, combs and tweed patterns with a large variety of bending and, wiggle patterns of twin walls. In this review several characteristic features of mesoscopic twin patterns are described. ” twin walls can be fast diffusion pathways for impurities, the sites of exchange reactions etc.; ” the lattice distortion extends from the centre of the twin walls over several lattice units, the characteristic length W diverges at the transition point of a second order phase transition; ” typical wall energies are several millijoule per square meter; ” the bending of twin walls can relate to the formation of needle domains with characteristic trajectories of the curved walls; ” the intersection of twin walls with surfaces leads to modifications of the surface potential which is expected to influence absorption and diffusion processes.
Insights into a remote cryosphere: a multi-method approach to assess permafrost occurrence at the Qugaqie basin, western Nyainqêntanglha Range, Tibetan Plateau (2021)

Abstract. Permafrost as a climate-sensitive parameter and its occurrence and distribution play an important role in the observation of global warming. However, field-based permafrost distribution data and information on the subsurface ice content in the large area of the southern mountainous Tibetan Plateau (TP) are very sparse. Existing models based on boreholes and remote sensing approaches suggest permafrost probabilities for most of the Tibetan mountain ranges. Field data to validate permafrost models are generally lacking because access to the mountain regions in extreme altitudes is limited. The study provides geomorphological and geophysical field data from a north-orientated high-altitude catchment in the western Nyainqêntanglha Range. A multi-method approach combines (A) geomorphological mapping, (B) electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) to identify subsurface ice occurrence and (C) interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) analysis to derive multi-annual creeping rates. The combination of the resulting data allows an assessment of the lower occurrence of permafrost in a range of 5350 and 5500 m above sea level (a.s.l.) in the Qugaqie basin. Periglacial landforms such as rock glaciers and protalus ramparts are located in the periglacial zone from 5300–5600 m a.s.l. The altitudinal periglacial landform distribution is supported by ERT data detecting ice-rich permafrost in a rock glacier at 5500 m a.s.l. and ice lenses around the rock glacier (5450 m a.s.l.). The highest multiannual creeping rates up to 150 mm yr−1 are typically observed on these rock glaciers. This study closes the gap of unknown state of periglacial features and potential permafrost occurrence in a high-elevated basin in the western Nyainqêntanglha Range (Tibetan Plateau).
Diffraction regimes of transmission gratings (1978)

The diffraction characteristics of phase, absorption, and mixed transmission gratings of arbitrary thickness, modulation, and shape are treated. Single-wave, two-wave, and multiwave diffraction regimes are quantified and discussed. Boundaries between these regimes and their relationships to elementary “thin” and “thick” grating theories are presented.
Clinical risk modification, quality, and patient safety: interrelationships, problems, and future potential. (1998)

Iatrogenic injury, in which patients are unintentionally injured by medical treatment, occurs in 4% of hospital admissions and causes considerable human suffering, financial losses, and waste of healthcare resources. This article discusses why existing quality initiatives have had little impact on iatrogenic injury and suggests an approach to clinical risk modification that may enhance the safety of medical treatment.
Data transmission for implantable microsystems using magnetic coupling (2005)

The authors consider design issues associated with the use of high-frequency inductive coupling, in the context of miniaturised, embedded electronic systems in medical diagnosis, environmental monitoring and other industrial applications. Recent developments in system-on-chip and lab-on-a-chip technologies have made the implementation of such miniaturised systems feasible, and pose an interesting set of problems with respect to low-power, short-range wireless communications. The design of a compact transmitter that maximises the magnetic component of the field is discussed and some early results are presented.
Towards a neuronal network controller for vertical jumping from different initial squat depths (2010)

In this study, a forward dynamic simulation model of the human musculoskeletal system was used to explore various strategies of generating muscle stimulation patterns for vertical squat jumping. It was shown that a simple mapping from joint angles to muscle stimulation onsets yielded successful control, albeit not optimal control, for jumps from different initial squat depths. Furthermore, it was shown that this mapping could be implemented in a straightforward way in a simple network of Hodgkin-Huxley type neurons.
The influence of bloom thinning and GA3sprays on flower bud numbers and distribution in peach trees (1990)

Bloom thinning mature peach trees increased shoot growth on sample limbs of 7.5-11 cm circumference by 53% when compared with trees hand thinned 44 days after full bloom (AFB). The number of flower buds per limb was increased by 103%. Bloom thinning increased the number of shoots which were 20 to 50 cm long by 86%. The number of buds on the basal five nodes of shoots 7-20 cm long was more than 2.2 times that of hand thinned trees. Shoots 7-64 cm long had more buds per cm shoot length. Application of 100 mg I"1 GA3, 0, 12, 36 and 47 days AFB inhibited flower buds and reduced the subsequent year’s cropping. Applications of GA3 36 and 47 days AFB inhibited flower bud development on short shoots more than when applied at 0 or 12 days AFB. None of the GA3 treatments affected flower bud development on the upper half of long shoots, but reduced numbers on short shoots. Fruit on long shoots were larger than those on short ones, and fruit on the upper half of all shoots were larger than those on the lower half. Later GA3 sprays resulted in more fruit on the upper half of all shoots. Flower buds were inhibited more strongly on short shoots.
Transforming the Chemical Structure and Bio‐Nano Activity of Doxorubicin by Ultrasound for Selective Killing of Cancer Cells (2022)

Reconfiguring the structure and selectivity of existing chemotherapeutics represents an opportunity for developing novel tumor-selective drugs. Here, as a proof-of-concept, the use of high-frequency sound waves is demonstrated to transform the nonselective anthracycline doxorubicin into a tumor selective drug molecule. The transformed drug self-aggregates in water to form ≈200 nm nanodrugs without requiring organic solvents, chemical agents, or surfactants. The nanodrugs preferentially interact with lipid rafts in the mitochondria of cancer cells. The mitochondrial localization of the nanodrugs plays a key role in inducing reactive oxygen species mediated selective death of breast cancer, colorectal carcinoma, ovarian carcinoma, and drug-resistant cell lines. Only marginal cytotoxicity (80-100% cell viability) toward fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes is observed, even after administration of high doses of the nanodrug (25-40 µg mL<sup>-1</sup> ). Penetration, cytotoxicity, and selectivity of the nanodrugs in tumor-mimicking tissues are validated by using a 3D coculture of cancer and healthy cells and 3D cell-collagen constructs in a perfusion bioreactor. The nanodrugs exhibit tropism for lung and limited accumulation in the liver and spleen, as suggested by in vivo biodistribution studies. The results highlight the potential of this approach to transform the structure and bioactivity of anticancer drugs and antibiotics bearing sono-active moieties.
From Rolling Ball to Complete Wetting:  The Dynamic Tuning of Liquids on Nanostructured Surfaces (2004)

In this work, for the first time, a dynamic electrical control of the wetting behavior of liquids on nanostructured surfaces, which spans the entire possible range from the superhydrophobic behavior to nearly complete wetting, has been demonstrated. Moreover, this kind of dynamic control was obtained at voltages as low as 22 V. We have demonstrated that the liquid droplet on a nanostructured surface exhibits sharp transitions between three possible wetting states as a function of applied voltage and liquid surface tension. We have examined experimentally and theoretically the nature of these transitions. The reported results provide novel methods of manipulating liquids at the microscale.
A Deficiency in the Region Homologous to Human 17q21.33–q23.2 Causes Heart Defects in Mice (2006)

Several constitutional chromosomal rearrangements occur on human chromosome 17. Patients who carry constitutional deletions of 17q21.3-q24 exhibit distinct phenotypic features. Within the deletion interval, there is a genomic segment that is bounded by the myeloperoxidase and homeobox B1 genes. This genomic segment is syntenically conserved on mouse chromosome 11 and is bounded by the mouse homologs of the same genes (Mpo and HoxB1). To attain functional information about this syntenic segment in mice, we have generated a 6.9-Mb deletion [Df(11)18], the reciprocal duplication [Dp(11)18] between Mpo and Chad (the chondroadherin gene), and a 1.8-Mb deletion between Chad and HoxB1. Phenotypic analyses of the mutant mouse lines showed that the Dp(11)18/Dp(11)18 genotype was responsible for embryonic or adolescent lethality, whereas the Df(11)18/+ genotype was responsible for heart defects. The cardiovascular phenotype of the Df(11)18/+ fetuses was similar to those of patients who carried the deletions of 17q21.3-q24. Since heart defects were not detectable in Df(11)18/Dp(11)18 mice, the haplo-insufficiency of one or more genes located between Mpo and Chad may be responsible for the abnormal cardiovascular phenotype. Therefore, we have identified a new dosage-sensitive genomic region that may be critical for normal heart development in both mice and humans.
Supplementary Figure 4 from Selective Killing of Cancer Cells by Suppression of Geminin Activity (2023)

Supplementary Figure 4 from Selective Killing of Cancer Cells by Suppression of Geminin Activity
The evolving role of the World Bank : the East Asian economic miracle (1994)

This is just one in a series of essays published in conjunction with the fiftieth anniversary of the World Bank. This series is devoted to improving understanding of the evolving role of the Bank. Each essay analyzes the Bank's approach to the major developmental challenges its borrowing countries have faced. East Asia has been uniquely successful in fostering growth, reducing poverty, raising living standards, and integrating with world markets. The credit for this achievment belongs to the governments and peoples of the region, as well as to the open markets in industrial countries and development assistance which has contributed to this progress. Since its first loan to Thailand, in 1950, the Bank has had a long and active involvement in the region. This paper details that involvement, emphasizing both successes and failures in the region, as well the work which still needs to be done. The authors examine the following topics: 1) diversity and commonality within the region; 2) human resources development in Korea 3) reducing poverty in Indonesia; 3) macroeconomic stability in Malaysia and Thailand; 4) private sector development in the Philippines; and 5) the Bank's role in China's transition.
Fan and Pad Greenhouse Evaporative Cooling Systems (2019)

In Florida, greenhouse temperatures can easily exceed 100°F during the summer if they are not equipped with active cooling systems. Such high temperatures reduce crop quality and worker productivity. Evaporative cooling is the most common method for reducing the temperature inside a greenhouse, but it has limitations in our hot, humid climate. Air conditioning or refrigeration systems can be used, but their installation and operating costs are usually prohibitive. This 6-page fact sheet is a minor revision written by J. A. Watson, C. Gómez, R. A. Bucklin, J. D. Leary, and D. B. McConnell, and published by the Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, September 2019. CIR1135/AE069: Fan and Pad Greenhouse Evaporative Cooling Systems (ufl.edu)
Feature extraction of multispectral data (1973)

A method is presented for feature extraction of multispectral scanner data. Non-training data is used to demonstrate the reduction in processing time that can be obtained by using feature extraction rather than feature selection.
The Build-Up of Polyelectrolyte Multilayers of Microfibrillated Cellulose and Cationic Polyelectrolytes (2008)

A new type of nanocellulosic material has been prepared by high-pressure homogenization of carboxymethylated cellulose fibers followed by ultrasonication and centrifugation. This material had a cylindrical cross-section as shown by transmission electron microscopy with a diameter of 5-15 nm and a length of up to 1 microm. Calculations, using the Poisson-Boltzmann equation, showed that the surface potential was between 200 and 250 mV, depending on the pH, the salt concentration, and the size of the fibrils. They also showed that the carboxyl groups on the surface of the nanofibrils are not fully dissociated until the pH has reached pH = approximately 10 in deionized water. Calculations of the interaction between the fibrils using the Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek theory and assuming a cylindrical geometry indicated that there is a large electrostatic repulsion between these fibrils, provided the carboxyl groups are dissociated. If the pH is too low and/or the salt concentration is too high, there will be a large attraction between the fibrils, leading to a rapid aggregation of the fibrils. It is also possible to form polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) by combining different types of polyelectrolytes and microfibrillated cellulose (MFC). In this study, silicon oxide surfaces were first treated with cationic polyelectrolytes before the surfaces were exposed to MFC. The build-up of the layers was monitored with ellipsometry, and they show that it is possible to form very well-defined layers by combinations of MFC and different types of polyelectrolytes and different ionic strengths of the solutions during the adsorption of the polyelectrolyte. A polyelectrolyte with a three-dimensional structure leads to the build-up of thick layers of MFC, whereas the use of a highly charged linear polyelectrolyte leads to the formation of thinner layers of MFC. An increase in the salt concentration during the adsorption of the polyelectrolyte results in the formation of thicker layers of MFC, indicating that the structure of the adsorbed polyelectrolyte has a large influence on the formation of the MFC layer. The films of polyelectrolytes and MFC were so smooth and well-defined that they showed clearly different interference colors, depending on the film thickness. A comparison between the thickness of the films, as measured with ellipsometry, and the thickness estimated from their colors showed good agreement, assuming that the films consisted mainly of solid cellulose with a refractive index of 1.53. Carboxymethylated MFC is thus a new type of nanomaterial that can be combined with oppositely charged polyelectrolytes to form well-defined layers that may be used to form, for example, new types of sensor materials.