gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel use of an isotope separator to determine the position of fluorine‐18 in labelled 1,1,1,2‐tetrafluoroethanes (1994)

Abstract A novel technique is described for measuring the site selectivity of methods for labelling the major CFC‐alternative, 1,1,1,2‐tetrafluoroethane (HFA 134a), with fluorine‐18 ( t 1/2 = 109.7 min). The carbon–carbon bond in radiofluorinated HFA 134a is broken in the ion source of an isotope separator. Radioactivity associated with the ion beam of the [CF 2 18 F] +. fragment ( m/z = 68) is collected, measured and divided by the integrated mass of the simultaneously collected ion beam for the [CF 3 ] +. fragment ( m/z = 69) to give the ‘specific radioactivity’ (in nCi nmol –1 ) of the radiolabel in the 1‐position. Similarly, the ‘specific radioactivity’ of the radiolabel in the 2‐position is calculated from the measured radioactivity of the ion beam from the [CH 2 18 F] +. fragment ( m/z = 32) and the integrated mass of the simultaneously collected ion beam from the [CH 2 F] +. fragment ( m/z = 33). The selectivity of the labelling procedure for a particular position is then given by the decay‐corrected ratio of specific radioactivity at that position to the sum of specific radioactivities. The labelling of HFA 134a by the reaction of [ 18 F] fluoride with trifluoroethylene was found to have 97% selectivity for the CF 3 group, whereas labelling by the reaction of [ 18 F] fluoride with 2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl p ‐toluenesulphonate was found to have 91% selectivity for the CH 2 F group. This information is of value for tracer studies of the fate of HFA 134a in man following its inhalation as a drug propellant. The described technique is of potentially wider value for determining the position of fluorine‐18 in labelled polyfluorinated molecules.
Predicting the Temporal Dynamics of Information Diffusion in Social Networks (2013)

Online social networks play a major role in the spread of information at very large scale and it becomes essential to provide means to analyse this phenomenon. In this paper we address the issue of predicting the temporal dynamics of the information diffusion process. We develop a graph-based approach built on the assumption that the macroscopic dynamics of the spreading process are explained by the topology of the network and the interactions that occur through it, between pairs of users, on the basis of properties at the microscopic level. We introduce a generic model, called T-BaSIC, and describe how to estimate its parameters from users behaviours using machine learning techniques. Contrary to classical approaches where the parameters are fixed in advance, T-BaSIC's parameters are functions depending of time, which permit to better approximate and adapt to the diffusion phenomenon observed in online social networks. Our proposal has been validated on real Twitter datasets. Experiments show that our approach is able to capture the particular patterns of diffusion depending of the studied sub-networks of users and topics. The results corroborate the "two-step" theory (1955) that states that information flows from media to a few "opinion leaders" who then transfer it to the mass population via social networks and show that it applies in the online context. This work also highlights interesting recommendations for future investigations.
Internet Printing Protocol (IPP): Event Notifications and Subscriptions (2005)

This document describes an OPTIONAL extension to the Internet Printing
Protocol/1.1: Model and Semantics (RFC 2911, RFC 2910). This extension
allows a client to subscribe to printing related Events. Subscriptions
are modeled as Subscription Objects. The Subscription Object specifies
that when one of the specified Events occurs, the Printer delivers an
asynchronous Event Notification to the specified Notification
Recipient via the specified Push or Pull Delivery Method (i.e.,
protocol). A client associates Subscription Objects with a particular
Job by performing the Create-Job-Subscriptions operation or by
submitting a Job with subscription information. A client associates
Subscription Objects with the Printer by performing a Create-Printer-
Subscriptions operation. Four other operations are defined for
Subscription Objects: Get-Subscriptions-Attributes, Get-Subscriptions,
Renew-Subscription, and Cancel-Subscription. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) affects hepatobiliary elimination but not the intestinal disposition of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and its metabolites (2005)

The role of multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) on the intestinal disposition and hepatobiliary elimination of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (DF) and its metabolites [tenofovir (mono)ester and tenofovir] was studied in the Caco-2 system, Ussing chambers and rat in-situ efflux experiments. In the Caco-2 model and Ussing chambers, no statistically significant differences in transport could be observed when the MRP inhibitor probenecid was included. In Ussing chambers, transport was also similar when using intestinal tissue from MRP2-deficient rats. After intravenous administration of tenofovir DF, the excretion of tenofovir [(mono)ester] in bile was significantly decreased in MRP2-deficient rats and in rats treated with probenecid. The area under the blood concentration-time curve was increased in MRP2-deficient rats [1.0+/-0.1 and 0.36+/-0.03 microM.min-1 for tenofovir and tenofovir (mono)ester, respectively] and rats treated with probenecid (1.42+/-0.04 and 0.36+/-0.02 microM.min-1) compared with control rats (0.64+/-0.05 and 0.15+/-0.06 microM.min-1). The appearance of tenofovir [(mono)ester] in intestinal perfusate was similar in control rats upon co-administering probenecid or when using MRP2-deficient rats. In conclusion, MRP2 appeared to have no modulatory effect on the intestinal disposition of tenofovir and tenofovir (mono)ester. However, inhibition (probenecid) or the total absence of MRP2 (MRP2-deficient rats) significantly reduced hepatobiliary elimination, which was accompanied by increased systemic exposure.
Learning to Collaborate for Question Answering and Asking (2018)

Duyu Tang, Nan Duan, Zhao Yan, Zhirui Zhang, Yibo Sun, Shujie Liu, Yuanhua Lv, Ming Zhou. Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 1 (Long Papers). 2018.
Vertical line array beamforming of signal and noise in shallow-water regions (2004)

The familiar mode-stripping and coupling processes are prevalent in shallow water, shaping the vertical directional content of noise from distributed sources and of signals from discrete sources. Directional patterns can help in the determination of the physical processes, including internal waves, controlling acoustic behavior in a given region. VLA beamformer output from the New England PRIMER and the South China Sea ASIAEX studies are shown. Beamformed output from moored source signals and of noise vary rapidly for ASIAEX, less so for PRIMER. Fluctuations of signal and noise directional content have limited coherence. Correlated fluctuations of these will not alter the signal/noise ratio for a given beam, whereas uncorrelated fluctuations will. Such correlation depends upon the distance between the mode-coupling structure and the receiver. Predictions of pattern variability are complex because many environmental degrees of freedom are involved. For example, mode coupling of distant sources will spread the pattern from near horizontal (low mode), but not always for nearby sources; mode coupling of noise will energize low angle beams, although most effectively near noise sources. Implications of waveguide characterization based on beam energy variability will be discussed and compared with direct environmental waveguide measurements and with other signal properties. [Work supported by ONR.]
Molecular geometry. VII. Modes of interconversion in the medium rings (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMolecular geometry. VII. Modes of interconversion in the medium ringsJames B. HendricksonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 26, 7047–7061Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01002a038https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01002a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views384Altmetric-Citations198LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Intravenous methylphenidate abuse. Prototype for prescription drug abuse. (1991)

Data are presented from a case series of 22 patients who abused methylphenidate hydrochloride (Ritalin-SR). The abuse pattern and symptoms of toxicity were similar to that seen with cocaine hydrochloride and amphetamine sulfate addiction; yet, the morbidity and mortality seen in this case series were greater than usual for a group of patients involved in intravenous drug abuse. We describe the characteristics of the methylphenidate abuse syndrome in terms of the pharmacology of methylphenidate, the constituents of the Ritalin-SR preparation, and the disease of chemical dependence. We propose solutions to the problem of methylphenidate abuse.
Applications of Computational Thermodynamics (2002)

The major tools used in applying computational thermodynamics to various problems in materials science are briefly presented and several practical examples are given as illustrations. Solutions to industrial problems, pertaining to the processing of and microstructure development in several different materials, are shown with answers given in graphical form. Solutions to kinetic problems linked with diffusion are also treated. The last section is devoted to the problem of interfacing between thermodynamic computations and applications oriented software.
Finding Top-kappa Unexplained Activities in Video (2012)

Abstract : Most past work on identifying unexpected activities in video has focused on looking for specific patterns of anomalous activities. In this paper, we consider the situation where we have a known set A of activities (normal and abnormal) that we wish to monitor. However, in addition, we wish to identify abnormal activities that have not been previously considered or encountered, i.e. they are not in A. We formally define the probability that a video sequence is unexplained (totally or partially) w.r.t. A. We develop efficient algorithms to identify the top-k Totally and Partially Unexplained Activities in a video w.r.t. A. Our algorithms use neat mathematical properties of the definitions for efficiency. We describe experiments using two real-world datasets showing that our approach works well in practice in terms of both running time and accuracy.
The recovery status from delayed graft function can predict long-term outcome after deceased donor kidney transplantation (2017)

The effect of delayed graft function (DGF) recovery on long-term graft outcome is unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the association of DGF recovery status with long-term outcome. We analyzed 385 recipients who underwent single kidney transplantation from brain-dead donors between 2004 and 2015. Patients were grouped according to renal function at 1 month post-transplantation: control (without DGF); recovered DGF (glomerular filtration rate [GFR] ≥ 30 mL/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup>); and incompletely recovered DGF group (GFR < 30 mL/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup>). DGF occurred in 104 of 385 (27%) recipients. Of the DGF patients, 70 recovered from DGF and 34 incompletely recovered from DGF. Death-censored graft survival rates for control, recovered DGF, and incompletely recovered DGF groups were 95.3%, 94.7%, and 80.7%, respectively, at 5 years post-transplantation (P = 0.003). Incompletely recovered DGF was an independent risk factor for death-censored graft loss (HR = 3.410, 95%CI, 1.114-10.437). DGF was associated with increased risk for patient death regardless of DGF recovery status. Mean GFRs at 5 years were 65.5 ± 20.8, 62.2 ± 27.0, and 45.8 ± 15.4 mL/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup> for control, recovered, and incompletely recovered DGF groups, respectively (P < 0.001). Control group and recovered DGF patients had similar renal outcomes. However, DGF was associated with increased risk for patient death regardless of DGF recovery status.
Robust principal component and factor analysis in the geostatistical treatment of environmental data (1999)

In this paper we show the usage of robust multivariate statistical methods in geostatistics. A usual procedure to estimate the values of variables (e.g. geochemical variables) measured at certain points of a region is to apply geostatistical methods like Krige estimation (based on the estimation of variograms). Here we emphasize robust principal component and factor analysis for the preliminary investigation of the data to reduce the dimension. Geostatistical methods are applied afterwards to the estimated factor scores. The final results show the influence of certain combinations of variables in the considered region. Moreover, the estimated factor scores with the robust procedure indicate outlying observations in a much better way. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relevance of rise in CA15.3 during fulvestrant therapy in advanced breast cancer patients. (2013)

e11567 Background: Serum CA15.3 (assay for MUC1 mucin, a membrane glycoprotein of breast ductal epithelium) is elevated in 50-70% of patients with metastatic disease. Transient initial rise (i.e., spike) of CA15.3 due to partial agonistic or cytotoxic effects of tamoxifen and chemotherapy is known. We report differential expression of spike in ER+ breast cancer showing clinical benefit (CB) or progressive disease (PD) on fulvestrant therapy (250mg). Methods: Serial serum CA15.3 measured at therapy initiation (Rx), 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 months and at progression were correlated with clinical outcome (CB/PD). Results: 112 patients (median age=71.4 years) with DOR=10.7+ (median duration of response in months, range) showed 63%CB (DOR=19.2+, 7-120.8+; MBC=48, LAPC=23) and 37%PD (DOR=3, 1-6; MBC=38, LAPC=3). Conclusions: CA15.3 spike was a common feature during therapy regardless of baseline level or clinical outcome (2nd row). However, in those with abnormal baseline (3rd row), %rise was higher in CB than PD patients reflecting greater tumour lyses (and perhaps therapy effectiveness) suggesting continuing therapy beyond early months (1-2 months) even with rising CA15.3. However, on analysis of only patients with spike, the majority of either CB or PD (4th row) were patients with MBC (perhaps reflecting higher tumour load) but with much larger %change in PD. Therefore, though therapy may not be stopped at early rise of CA15.3 but additional interim imaging may be required in MBC patients. [Table: see text]
BCC (2016)

The Optimistic Concurrency Control (OCC) method has been commonly used for in-memory databases to ensure transaction serializability --- a transaction will be aborted if its read set has been changed during execution. This simple criterion to abort transactions causes a large proportion of false positives, leading to excessive transaction aborts. Transactions aborted false-positively (i.e. false aborts) waste system resources and can significantly degrade system throughput (as much as 3.68x based on our experiments) when data contention is intensive. Modern in-memory databases run on systems with increasingly parallel hardware and handle workloads with growing concurrency. They must efficiently deal with data contention in the presence of greater concurrency by minimizing false aborts. This paper presents a new concurrency control method named Balanced Concurrency Control (BCC) which aborts transactions more carefully than OCC does. BCC detects data dependency patterns which can more reliably indicate unserializable transactions than the criterion used in OCC. The paper studies the design options and implementation techniques that can effectively detect data contention by identifying dependency patterns with low overhead. To test the performance of BCC, we have implemented it in Silo and compared its performance against that of the vanilla Silo system with OCC and two-phase locking (2PL). Our extensive experiments with TPC-W-like, TPC-C-like and YCSB workloads demonstrate that when data contention is intensive, BCC can increase transaction throughput by more than 3x versus OCC and more than 2x versus 2PL; meanwhile, BCC has comparable performance with OCC for workloads with low data contention.
Graphene Supercapacitors: Charging Up the Future (2013)

Batteries run just about everything portable in our lives such as smartphones, tablets, computers, etc. While we have become accustomed to the rapid improvement of portable electronics, the slow development of batteries is holding back technological progress. Thus, it is imperative to develop a new energy storage technology providing devices that are compact, reliable, and energy dense, charge quickly, and possess both long cycle life and calendar life. Using a consumer grade LightScribe DVD burner, we have developed graphene supercapacitors with high charge storage capacity while providing 20 times more power than supercapacitors currently available. Interestingly, this direct writing technique offers a way to pattern graphene precisely without using masks or cleanroom operations, thus giving the flexibility to produce supercapacitors in various sizes and architectures at low cost. The miniaturization of the electrodes to the microscale results in enhanced charge storage capacity and rate capability. In addition, by combining graphene with conducting polymers and metal oxides, this work demonstrates pseudo-capacitors and hybrid supercapacitors with enhanced charge storage capacities that rival those of thin film batteries, while they can be recharged in less than a second. Great efforts are currently in progress between UCLA and Maxwell Technologies to move this technology from the laboratory to the industrial scale. In addition, this work describes several other applications that take advantage of the fascinating properties of graphene including lithium ion batteries and micro-batteries, sensors and catalysis.
Use of whole genome sequencing to investigate an outbreak of gonorrhoea among females in urban New South Wales, Australia, 2012 to 2014 (2017)

Abstract Increasing rates of gonorrhoea have been observed among urban heterosexuals within the Australian state of New South Wales (NSW). Here, we applied whole genome sequencing (WGS) to better understand transmission dynamics. Ninety-four isolates of a particular N. gonorrhoeae genotype (G122) associated with female patients (years 2012 to 2014) underwent phylogenetic analysis using core single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Context for genetic variation was provided by including an unbiased selection of 1,870 N. gonorrhoeae genomes from a recent United Kingdom (UK) study. NSW genomes formed a single clade, with the majority of isolates belonging to one of five clusters, and comprised patients of varying age groups. Intra-patient variability was less than 7 core SNPs. Several patients had indistinguishable core SNPs, suggesting a common infection source. These data have provided an enhanced understanding of transmission of N. gonorrhoeae among urban heterosexuals in NSW, Australia, and highlight the value of using WGS in N. gonorrhoeae outbreak investigations.
Full-Load Expansion Technique and Preliminary Clinical Application (1994)

For accelerating the inflation process of soft-tissue expansion, a continuous inflation protocol regarding pain as the criterion of overinflation, the full-load expansion technique, has been introduced. It is carried out by restricting persistently the pressure in the expander near the pain threshold in a state of dynamic equilibrium between the infusing rate and the skin expansion velocity with a simple and practical device. This inflation is neither at a uniform infusion rate nor at a constant filling pressure. Nineteen expanders in 13 patients were inflated following this protocol. Their inflations were fulfilled in 5 to 20 days, depending individually on their anatomic regions, total volumes of infusion, areas of the overlying skin, and patient susceptibilities.
6A-3 Pure Shear Horizontal SAW Network Model for Periodic Structures Including Bulk Scattering (2006)

Rigorous simulations using combined finite/boundary element methods (FEM/BEM) are often too time consuming for the rapid evaluation of long surface-acoustic wave (SAW) structures, and soon become impractical as device length increases. This situation is complicated by the need of subsequent design modifications and analyses. Scalar models, and in particular, transmission line (TL) based network descriptions, enable fast evaluation of arbitrary device topologies comprised of inter digital-transducers (IDTs) and reflector/grating structures. For example, simulating a resonator structure using a network model reduces computation time from days or hours to minutes, allowing the identification of optimal designs, which may then be further analyzed using rigorous FEM/BEM techniques. The traditional network model (NM) consists of mismatched TLs, shunt susceptances, and transformers, and has been successfully used to simulate transduction and propagation of pure Rayleigh type and generalized SAWs in periodic structures. In these cases, it is often acceptable to neglect bulk acoustic wave (BAW) radiation, since the operational frequencies of the SAW devices are far away from the BAW radiation frequency. However, in the case of pure shear horizontal (SH) SAW orientations significant BAW scattering is frequently observed because the BAW radiation frequency takes place near the SAW bandwidth, and thus the traditional NM fails to account for the energy radiated to the bulk. In this work a modification of the traditional NM is introduced that accounts for energy loss near the upper stopband edge for a long periodic structure, thus allowing the use of the NM to adequately simulate structures along pure SH SAW orientations. The BAW radiation is modeled by a frequency-dependent shunt conductance located at electrode edge discontinuities. A parameter extraction technique is presented that allows the rapid determination of frequency-dependent parameters. In particular, the parameters are fit to FEM/BEM computed dispersion and harmonic admittance relations. The response of a SH SAW resonator was computed using the NM and compared to measurements of devices fabricated on langasite, Euler Angles (0deg, 22deg, 90deg). Good agreement is observed with a slight variation in center frequency ~0.25%, thus verifying the modified model and its applicability to rapid design of pure shear horizontal SAW devices