gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nitridorhenium(V) Complexes with 1,3‐Dialkyl‐4,5‐dimethylimidazole‐2‐ylidenes (2006)

Abstract The nitridorhenium(V) complexes [ReNCl 2 (PR 2 Ph) 3 ] (R = Me, Et) react with the N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) 1,3‐diethyl‐4,5‐dimethylimidazole‐5‐ylidene (L Et ) or 1,3,4,5‐tetramethylimidazole‐2‐ylidene (L Me ) in absolutely dry THF under complete replacement of the equatorial coordination sphere. The resulting [ReNCl(L R ) 4 ] + complexes (L R = L Me , L Et ) are moderately stable as solids and in solution, but decompose in hot methanol under formation of [ReO 2 (L R ) 4 ] + complexes. With 1,3‐diisopropyl‐4,5‐dimethylimidazole‐5‐ylidene (L i‐Pr ), the loss of the nitrido ligand and the formation of a dioxo species is more rapid and no nitridorhenium intermediate could be isolated. The Re‐C bond lengths in [ReNCl(L Et ) 4 ]Cl of approximately 2.195Å are relatively long and indicate mainly σ‐bonding in the electron‐deficient d 2 system under study. The hydrolysis of the nitrido complexes proceeds via the formation of [ReO 3 N] 2− anions as could be verified by the isolation and structural characterization of the intermediates [{ReN(PMe 2 Ph) 3 }{ReO 3 N}] 2 and [{ReN(OH 2 )(L Et ) 2 } 2 O][ReO 3 N].
Sub-surface Laser Engraving in Thick Hexagonal Scintillation Crystals (2021)

Positron Emission Tomography detectors are commonly dense pixelated inorganic scintillators. These are embedded in a reflector whose thickness hinders the sensitivity. Pixel arrays manufacturing is laborious and expensive. The extensively known laser processing can be employed as an alternative. A grid of laser induced microcracks at the focal spot creates a semitransparent optical barrier to guide scintillation light towards the photosensor. In this work, a cost-effective nanosecond laser has been used to validate this approach. Its design flexibility has been exploited to develop hexagonal patterns of 1.25 mm of edge to serve a hexagonal photodetector, building block of an innovative quasi-spherical scanner. Field flood images of individual readout in LYSO blocks of 5 mm, 7 mm and 10 mm of thickness are presented alongside the pixel resolvability. Depth of interaction has been developed with two shifted layers of 5 mm in a 10 mm crystal. The crystal resolvability and energy resolution confirm the validity of the engraving solution in a complete system.
Dependence of the anisotropic absorption coefficient on the thickness of molecularly oriented organic dye films (1999)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Share on X Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Share with WeChat Get Citation Copy Citation Text Yu. A. Bobrov, "Dependence of the anisotropic absorption coefficient on the thickness of molecularly oriented organic dye films," J. Opt. Technol. 66, 547- (1999) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Evaluation of the Applicability of Solar and Lamp Radiometric Calibrations of a Precision Sun Photometer Operating Between 300 and 1025 nm (2000)

Over a period of 3 year a precision Sun photometer (SPM) operating between 300 and 1025 nm was calibrated four times at three different high-mountain sites in Switzerland, Germany, and the United States by means of the Langley-plot technique. We found that for atmospheric window wavelengths the total error (2 sigma-statistical plus systematic errors) of the calibration constants V(sub 0)(lambda), the SPM voltage in the absence of any attenuating atmosphere, can be kept below 1.60% in the UV-A and blue, 0.9% in the mid-visible, and 0.6% in the near-infra red spectral region. For SPM channels within strong water-vapor or ozone absorption bands a modified Langley-plot technique was used to determine V(sub 0)(lambda) with a lower accuracy. Within the same period of time, we calibrated the SPM five times using irradiance standard lamps in the optical labs of the Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos and World Radiation Center, Switzerland, and of the Remote Sensing Group of the Optical Sciences Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona. The lab calibration method requires knowledge of the extraterrestrial spectral irradiance. When we refer the standard lamp results to the World Radiation Center extraterrestrial solar irradiance spectrum, they agree with the Langley results within 2% at 6 or 13 SPM wavelengths. The largest disagreement (4.4%) is found for the channel centered at 610 nm. The results of these intercomparisons change significantly when the lamp results are referred to two different extraterrestrial solar irradiance spectra that have become recently available.
Anomalous saturation effects due to optical spin depolarization in nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond nanocrystals (2012)

The photoluminescence of the negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (${\mathrm{NV}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$) center displays anomalous saturation behavior at high excitation pulse energies. Where the luminescence is expected to approach a maximum value asymptotically, we have found that it instead drops by as much as a factor of two. In this report, we present evidence that these effects are caused by optical spin depolarization of the ${\mathrm{NV}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ center. We show that the presence of an external magnetic field results in a marked decrease in the anomalous character of the ${\mathrm{NV}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ centers' luminescence and demonstrate that low-energy pulses applied after a strong depolarizing pulse can repolarize the spin of the center. We also offer a model and derive important parameters describing dynamics in the NV center and its interaction with light, which quantitatively explain all the observations.
Novel BODIPY-Based Fluorescence Turn-on Sensor for Fe3+ and Its Bioimaging Application in Living Cells (2014)

A novel boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) based fluorescence turn-on sensor for detecting Fe(3+) in aqueous media is reported with 23-fold fluorescence enhancement. The sensor is comprised of a combination of BODIPY fluorophore and a new Fe(3+)-recognizing cryptand that exhibits high selectivity, sensitivity, and reversibility toward Fe(3+) detection. Cell imaging studies demonstrate that this sensor is capable of sensing Fe(3+) in living cells.
Multi-color fly-cut-SAQP for reduced process variation (2018)

Multi-patterning processes such as self-aligned double patterning (SADP) and self-aligned quadruple patterning (SAQP) present new challenges to the semiconductor device manufacturing such as increased relative cost to previous nodes, longer cycle times, and increased (local) edge placement error between grid and cut/block layers. As the scaling requirements continue, the factors driving both EPE and electrical yield such as overlay, critical dimension control (CDU) and stochastics (LCDU) become greater concerns to multi-patterning. In addition to lithographic process variations, the unit processes such as plasma/vapor etch, deposition, wet/cleans can contributes additional variation in spacer/mandrel profiles leading to poor CDU control and ultimately within-wafer pitch walking. In this paper, we outline alternative SAQP integration schemes to improve the feature profile of both mandrel and spacer to minimize process variability. This patterning scheme designated as fly-cut SAQP introduces new concepts such top spacer removal by chemical-mechanical planarization, mandrel foot mitigation layers, multi-layered mandrel for accurate polish end-point and void-free gap fill to realize high fidelity transfer to the underlying hardmask. Finally, we will demonstrate the effectiveness for this new integration scheme as a candidate for multi-color/self-aligned block (SAB) and highlight the additional benefits of using such an approach.
Acoustic localization of vehicular sources using distributed sensors (2019)

This paper considers the problem of locating ground vehicles using their acoustic signatures recorded by unattended passive acoustic sensors. Acoustic signatures of the ground sources captured by different sensors within a cluster are used to generate direction of arrival (DoA) of the propagating wavefronts. Using the estimated DoAs of disparate distributed sensor node clusters, this paper introduced and compared several different existing target localization methods that provide the location and velocity estimates of a moving source. A robust source localization method is then proposed to account for large DoA errors and outliers which often occur in realistic settings. This method does not use any prior knowledge of the dynamical model of the moving source. The effectiveness and complexity of these methods are compared using synthesized and real acoustic signature data sets.
Thermal oxidation of amorphous ternary Ta36Si14N50 thin films (1991)

The oxidation kinetics of reactively sputtered amorphous Ta36Si14N50 thin films are studied in dry and wet ambient in the temperature range of 650–850 °C by backscattering spectrometry, Dektak profilometer, and x-ray diffraction analyses. The dry oxidation is well described by a parabolic time dependence which corresponds to a process controlled by the diffusion of the oxidant in the oxide. The growth of the oxide in wet ambient is initially very rapid and then proceeds linearly which means that the process is reaction limited. Both oxidation rates are thermally activated. The activation energies are 2.0 eV for dry and 1.4 eV for wet ambient. The pre-exponential factors are 0.17×1016 Å2/min and 7.4×108 Å/min, respectively. Both the dry and wet oxidation of the amorphous ternary Ta36Si14N50 film result in the formation of an x-ray amorphous Ta14Si5.5O80 layer.
A flexible approach for predictive biomarker discovery (2022)

An endeavor central to precision medicine is predictive biomarker discovery; they define patient subpopulations which stand to benefit most, or least, from a given treatment. The identification of these biomarkers is often the byproduct of the related but fundamentally different task of treatment rule estimation. Using treatment rule estimation methods to identify predictive biomarkers in clinical trials where the number of covariates exceeds the number of participants often results in high false discovery rates. The higher than expected number of false positives translates to wasted resources when conducting follow-up experiments for drug target identification and diagnostic assay development. Patient outcomes are in turn negatively affected. We propose a variable importance parameter for directly assessing the importance of potentially predictive biomarkers and develop a flexible nonparametric inference procedure for this estimand. We prove that our estimator is double robust and asymptotically linear under loose conditions in the data-generating process, permitting valid inference about the importance metric. The statistical guarantees of the method are verified in a thorough simulation study representative of randomized control trials with moderate and high-dimensional covariate vectors. Our procedure is then used to discover predictive biomarkers from among the tumor gene expression data of metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients enrolled in recently completed clinical trials. We find that our approach more readily discerns predictive from nonpredictive biomarkers than procedures whose primary purpose is treatment rule estimation. An open-source software implementation of the methodology, the uniCATE R package, is briefly introduced.
Convolutional neural networks for automated seismic interpretation (2018)

Abstract Deep-learning methods have proved successful recently for solving problems in image analysis and natural language processing. One of these methods, convolutional neural networks (CNNs), is revolutionizing the field of image analysis and pushing the state of the art. CNNs consist of layers of convolutions with trainable filters. The input to the network is the raw image or seismic amplitudes, removing the need for feature/attribute engineering. During the training phase, the filter coefficients are found by iterative optimization. The network thereby learns how to compute good attributes to solve the given classification task. However, CNNs require large amounts of training data and must be carefully designed and trained to perform well. We look into the intuition behind this method and discuss considerations that must be made in order to make the method reliable. In particular, we discuss how deep learning can be used for automated seismic interpretation. As an example, we show how a CNN can be used for automatic interpretation of salt bodies.
LA ÉTICA JUDICIAL Y SU IMPACTO EN LA RESPONSABILIDAD INSTITUCIONAL CONFORME AL CÓDIGO IBEROAMERICANO DE ÉTICA JUDICIAL (2014)

RESUMEN Con el presente trabajo de investigacion el suscrito pretende que el lector pueda tener una plena conciencia de la importancia de los valores y la moral, para el desempeno de la imparticion de justicia, respecto a la conducta que los Jueces deben de observar al momento de desempenar dicha funcion jurisdiccional, el presente trabajo de investigacion se divide en diversos temas los cuales, tienen como fin que el lector, comprender conceptos basicos tales como etica y valores, y como estos tiene suma importancia al momento de que los impartidores de justicia desempenen su funcion. Se abordaran temas de primordial relevancia tales como la Importancia de la etica en el ambito de la justicia, los principios y valores de la etica, en tercer termino se tiene el tema de, el buen funcionamiento del sistema judicial y por ultimo, la responsabilidad del juez por sus acciones y omisiones. PALABRAS CLAVES: Justicia, Etica, Valores, Principios, Juez
Omnidirectional Photonic Band Gap Broadening in One dimensional Photonic Crystals (2006)

We designed a gradual period one dimensional photonic crystals structure. The transmission spectra of this structure have been studied. The numerical result shows that the photonic band gap (PBG) width is enlarged and the photonic band gap shifts to longer wavelength in the case of normal incident. Verifying the incident angle, we obtained broadened total omnidirectional PBG of this gradual structure. The omnidirectional PBG width is increased 1.53 times compared with the general even one dimensional photonic crystals structure.
Adenovirus: from foe to friend (2006)

Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) can cause mild respiratory, gastrointestinal, urogenital and ocular disease. Knowledge about HAdVs has been expanding for more than five decades putting them amongst the most-studied viruses. This continued interest stems, to a great extent, from the fact that these double-stranded DNA viruses have proven to be a versatile tool to probe the basic phenomena of eukaryotic cells. HAdV research has led to the discovery of, for instance, RNA splicing and greatly contributed to our knowledge of processes as fundamental as replication, transcription and translation. Moreover, the transformation of rodent cells by HAdVs has provided a system to unravel the molecular pathways that control cell proliferation. As a result, the genetic organisation of these agents is known in great detail allowing the straightforward manipulation of their genomes. In addition, the virus itself became renowned for its ability to produce large amounts of progeny and to efficiently infect mammalian cells regardless of their cell cycle status. These features contributed to the broad use of recombinant HAdVs as gene carriers particularly in in vivo settings where the vast majority of target cells are post-mitotic. The most advanced type of HAdV vectors can accommodate up to 37 kb of foreign DNA and are devoid of viral genes. With the aid of these high-capacity HAdV vectors large physiologically responsive transcriptional elements and/or genes can be efficiently introduced into target cells while minimising adaptive immune responses against the transduced cells. This article provides information on HAdV especially on the aspects pertinent to the design, production and performance of its recombinant forms. The development and characteristics of the main HAdV-based vector types are also briefly reviewed.
Viologen cyclophanes: redox controlled host–guest interactions (2015)

Viologens can exist in three redox states varying from dicationic to neutral. This work emphasizes the control of the host-guest properties in bis-viologen cyclophanes. Two flexible cyclophanes were prepared by a cyclisation method sensitive to the odd/even number of carbons in the flexible chains linking two viologens. C5 and C7 cyclophanes were characterised by X-ray diffraction in their tetracationic state and their diradical dicationic state. In the presence of tetrathiafulvalene or methyl viologen as guests, inclusion complexes were obtained, including a mixed valence species.
A Low Cost Indoor Positioning System Using Bluetooth Low Energy (2020)

In this paper, we present a Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) based indoor positioning system developed for monitoring the daily living pattern of old people (e.g. people living with dementia) or individuals with disabilities. The proposed sensing system is composed of multiple sensors that are installed in different locations in a home environment. The specific location of the user in the building has been pre-recorded into the proposed sensing system that captures the raw Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) from the BLE beacon that is attached on the user. Two methods are proposed to determine the indoor location and the tracking of the users: a trilateration-based method and fingerprinting-based method. Experiments have been carried out in different home environments to verify the proposed system and methods. The results show that our system is able to accurately track the user location in home environments and can track the living patterns of the user which, in turn, may be used to infer the health status of the user. Our results also show that the positions of the BLE beacons on the user and different quality of BLE beacons do not affect the tracking accuracy.
Multiple Ship Motion Simulation Code Correlation with Model Test Results (2017)

The US Nav has developed a real-time multi-ship ship motion forecasting system which combines forecast wave conditions with ship motion simulations to produce a prediction of the relative motions between two ships operating in a skin-to-skin configuration. The system utilizes two different simulation methods for predicting ship motions: MotionSim and Reduced Order Model (ROM) based on AEGIR. MotionSim is a fast three-dimensional panel method that is used to estimate the Response Amplitude Operators (RAOs) necessary for multi-ship motion predictions. The ROM works to maximize the accuracy of high fidelity ship motion prediction methods while maintaining the computational speed required for real-time forecasting. A model scale experiment was performed in 2015 on two Navy ships conventionally moored together. The predicted relative ship motions from MotionSim and ROM were compared to the model data using three different metrics: RMS (root mean square) ratio, correlation coefficient, and average angle measurement (AAM).This paper provides an overview of the two methods for predicting the multi-ship motions, a description of the model test, challenges faced during testing, and a discussion on the methodology of the evaluation and the results of each code correlation.
Brain Cancer Risk and Electromagnetic Fields (EMFs): Assessing the Geomagnetic Component (2001)

Cancer cluster studies in North Carolina identified several communities in which there existed an elevated risk of brain cancer. These findings prompted a series of case-control studies. The current article, which originated from the results of the 3rd of such studies, is focused on inclusion of the earth's own geomagnetic fields that interact with electromagnetic fields generated from distribution power lines. This article also contains an assessment of the contribution of confounding by residential (e.g., urban, rural) and case characteristics (e.g., age, race, gender). Newly diagnosed brain cancer cases were identified for a 4-county region of central North Carolina, which the authors chose on the basis of the results of earlier observations. A 3:1 matched series of cancer cases from the same hospitals in which the cases were diagnosed served as the comparison group. Extensive geographic information was collected and was based on an exact place of residence at the time of cancer diagnosis, thus providing several strategic geophysical elements for assessment. The model for this assessment was based on the effects of these two sources of electromagnetic fields for an ion cyclotron resonance mechanism of disease risk. The authors used logistic regression models that contained the predicted value for the parallel component of the earth's magnetic field; these models were somewhat erratic, and the elements were not merged productively into a single statistical model. Interpretation of these values was difficult; therefore, the modeled values for the model elements, at progressive distances from the nearest power-line segments, are provided. The results of this study demonstrate the merits of using large, population-based databases, as well as using rigorous Geographic Information System techniques, for the assessment of ecologic environmental risks. The results also suggest promise for exposure classification that is compatible with the theoretical biological mechanisms posited for electromagnetic fields.
Wild-Blueberry Volatile and Phenolic Fractions Mitigate LPS-Induced Inflammatory Responses in Whole Blood of Children (2022)

The anti-inflammatory effects of berries have been attributed to their polyphenol content. In vitro models of activated murine macrophages have shown that volatiles in berries exert anti-inflammatory effects as well. However, human data in this area are scarce. To address this limitation we measured the effects of wild-blueberry phenolic (WBB-P) and WBB volatile (WBB-V) fractions in LPS-treated whole blood (WB) of children. Fasting WB was collected (n = 19), and treated with high and low doses of either WBB-P (2 μg/mL or 0.02 μg/mL), WBB-V (2 ng/mL or 0.02 ng/mL), or culture medium (RPMI) as control and incubated for 1 hour at 37°C. To evaluate potential anti-inflammatory effects of WBB molecules, lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 0.2 μg/mL or 1 μg/mL) was added to the wells, and samples incubated for 48 hours. Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α supernatant concentrations were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. One-factor ANOVA analysis with participant ID as random effect was used to compare cytokine concentrations (ng/ml) of WBB fraction treatments against their respective RPMI + LPS controls. Children (12.0 ± 0.6 years old) were predominantly white (79%), and with a BMI percentile of 51 ± 35. At both LPS levels, IL-6 concentrations were lower in the high-dose WBB-P and WBB-V treatments compared to the control group. LPS-High: WBB-P: 22.2 ± 6.7 vs. RPMI: 28.2 ± 8.3 (p = 0.005); WBB-V: 24.4 ± 7.2 vs. RPMI: 28.2 ± 8.3 (p = 0.013). LPS-low: WBB-P: 20.4 ± 5.5 vs. RPMI: 26.6 ± 7.7 (p = 0.001); WBB-V: 20.6 ± 6.5 vs. RPMI: 26.6 ± 7.7 (p < 0.0001). At the lowest LPS level, TNF-α concentration was 23% lower in the high-dose WBB-V treatment compared to the control group (WBB-V: 0.45 ± 0.06 vs. RPMI: 0.55 ± 0.12, p = 0.003). IL-1β, and IL-10 were not modified by WBB fraction treatments. These preliminary results indicate that both WBB-P and WBB-V fractions mitigate inflammatory responses in LPS treated WB of children. Blueberry fractions do not impact IL-1β or IL-10 secretion by immune cells in WB. Center for Childhood Obesity Prevention NIH-NIGMS 5P20GM109096. USDA-ARS 6026–51,000-012–06S. The Arkansas Center for Advancing Pediatric Therapeutics NIH 8UG1OD024945.