gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Complex Smad-Dependent Transcriptional Responses in Vertebrate Development and Human Disease (2002)

Smad proteins mediate genomic responses to polypeptides of the transforming growth factor type b (TGF-b) family, affecting cellular proliferation and differentiation, adhesion, and death. Members of one class of these Smad proteins, the receptor-regulated Smads or R-Smads, accumulate in the nucleus on their activation byligand-bound complexes of serine-threonine kinase receptors at the cell surface. These effector proteins then participate directly in the regulation of gene expression by binding to DNA, interacting with transcription factors, and recruiting corepressors or coactivators to specific promoters. Although many nuclear Smad-interacting factors were isolated during the last 3 years, the field has recently taken a step beyond the characterization of the activity of these Smad-containing complexes on gene expression in vitro, as it addresses now their contribution to many processes in vivo. We have selected examples of such recent progress to illustrate the remarkable variation in the molecular mechanisms underlying Smad-dependent signaling depending on the non-Smad partner in the nucleus and their relevance to normal embryogenesis and consequences of their deregulation in human disorders and pathology.
Spatially periodic activation patterns of retrosplenial cortex encode route sub-spaces and distance travelled (2017)

Abstract Traversal of a complicated route is often facilitated by considering it as a set of related sub-spaces. Such compartmentalization processes could occur within retrosplenial cortex, a structure whose neurons simultaneously encode position within routes and other spatial coordinate systems. Here, retrosplenial cortex neurons were recorded as rats traversed a track having recurrent structure at multiple scales. Consistent with a major role in compartmentalization of complex routes, individual RSC neurons exhibited periodic activation patterns that repeated across route segments having the same shape. Concurrently, a larger population of RSC neurons exhibited single-cycle periodicity over the full route, effectively defining a framework for encoding of sub-route positions relative to the whole. The same population simultaneously provides a novel metric for distance from each route position to all others. Together, the findings implicate retrosplenial cortex in the extraction of path sub-spaces, the encoding of their spatial relationships to each other, and path integration.
Tissue Distribution of the Readthrough Isoform of AQP4 Reveals a Dual Role of AQP4ex Limited to CNS (2020)

Translational readthrough (TRT) of aquaporin-4 (AQP4) has remarkably expanded the importance of this new post-transcriptional mechanism, as well as the regulation potential of AQP4. The TRT isoform of AQP4, named AQP4ex, is central for both AQP4 polarization and water channel activity in the central nervous system (CNS). Here we evaluate the relevance of the TRT mechanism by analyzing whether AQP4ex is also expressed in peripheral tissues and whether the expression of AQP4ex is necessary for its polarized expression as it occurs in perivascular astrocyte processes. To this purpose, AQP4ex null mice were used, and analysis was performed by immunolocalization and immunoblot. The results demonstrate that AQP4ex is expressed in kidney, stomach, trachea and skeletal muscle with the same localization pattern as the canonical AQP4 isoforms. AQP4ex protein levels vary from 6% to about 13% of the total AQP4 protein levels in peripheral tissues. Immunogold electron microscopy experiments demonstrated the localization of AQP4ex at the astrocytic endfeet, and experiments conducted on AQP4ex null mice CNS confirmed that the expression of AQP4ex is necessary for anchoring of the perivascular AQP4. Without the readthrough isoform, AQP4 assemblies are mis-localized, being uniformly distributed on the astrocyte processes facing the neuropile. No alteration of AQP4 polarization was found in AQP4ex null kidney, stomach, trachea or skeletal muscle, suggesting that AQP4ex does not have a role for proper membrane localization of AQP4 in peripheral tissues. We conclude that a dual role for AQP4ex is limited to the CNS.
ChemInform Abstract: Calix‐Tris‐Troeger′s Bases — A New Cavitand Family (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Effect of tantalum film on corrosion behaviour of AA6061 aluminium alloy in hydrochloric acid- and chloride-containing solutions (2020)

The present work is concerned with the corrosion resistance of AA6061 aluminium alloys with tantalum films in hydrochloric acid- and chloride-containing solutions. The tantalum films were produced by magnetron sputtering at different sputtering times (50 and 120 min). The films’ morphologies were observed by metallographic microscope and scanning electron microscope with energy dispersion spectrum. It is shown in this paper that with longer sputtering time, the film’s thickness increased, but it became less dense. The corrosion behaviour was characterised by potentiodynamic polarisation, scanning electrochemical microscopy analysis and an immersion experiment. These investigations revealed that the corrosion resistance of AA6061 aluminium alloy in chloride ions medium and hydrochloric acid was significantly improved after deposition of a tantalum film. Specifically, samples deposited for 50 min exhibited the best corrosion resistance in hydrochloric acid, while samples deposited for 120 min showed best corrosion resistance in sodium chloride solution.
Low-Diffusion Flux-Splitting Methods for Flows at All Speeds (1998)

Methods for extending the advective upwind splitting method (AUSM) family of low-diffusion flux-splitting schemes to operate effectively at all flow speeds are developed. The extensions developed are designed for use with time-derivative preconditioning and are based on the idea that the speed of sound should cease to be an important scaling parameter for the diffusive contributions to the interface flux as the Mach number becomes small. Using this criterion, alternative definitions for the interface Mach numbers are developed, and methods for ensuring pressure-velocity coupling at low speeds are formulated. Results are presented for inviscid flows through a channel at various Mach numbers, developing viscous flow in a two-dimensional duct, driven-cavity flows at various Mach and Reynolds numbers, flow over a backward-facing step, and hydrogen-nitrogen mixing layers
Upflow Co-current slurry column packed with static mixers applied to sulfur dioxide removal (1996)

SO{sub 2} removal based on its catalytic oxidation over suspended powdered activated carbon in sulfuric acid solutions has been carried out in an upflow co-current slurry column packed with SMV static mixers. The gas hold-up has been measured and correlated as a function of the gas and liquid flow rates, the catalyst loading and the nature of the liquid phase. The sulfur dioxide yield has been measured with the gas and liquid flow rates, the SO{sub 2} partial pressure, the sulfuric acid concentration as operating parameters. The obtained efficiencies are very attractive compared to trickle-bed reactors data available in the literature. 8 refs., 3 figs.
Time Is Money: Impacts of Usability at a Call Center (2007)

FEATURE AT A GLANCE: This article describes how improvements to a customer information system at an electric utility resulted in reductions in call processing times of about 1 minute per call. This is significant, given that the company receives more than 1 million calls each year. As a direct result of the reduced call times, the call center could conserve resources and reduce the need to hire and train additional staff (as many as 10 new employees each year). The cost of making usability improvements was recouped in less than 3 months.
supplementary figures from Pharmacodynamic Response of the MET/HGF Receptor to Small-Molecule Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Examined with Validated, Fit-for-Clinic Immunoassays (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S1: Specificity of the MET antibodies demonstrated by Western blot analysis. Figure S2: Effect of freeze-thaw cycles and warm vs cold ischemia time on full-length and pMET levels. Figure S3: Inhibition of tumor growth and intratumoral MET phosphorylation by PHA665752 in the GTL-16 human gastric cancer model. Figure S4: Comparison of pMET:full-length MET ratios in vehicle- and PF02341066-treated SNU5 xenografts. Figure S5: Absolute MET levels decrease during SNU5 tumor growth due to mouse cell infiltration. Figure S6: Purification of rMET protein for use as an assay calibrator. Figure S7: Longitudinal values of MET and the pY1235-MET:MET ratio during growth of vehicle treated GTL-16 tumors. Figure S8: MET expression determined by immunoblot in fresh flash-frozen mouse liver and muscle tissues.&lt;/p&gt;
Apoptosis in the ovary: molecular mechanisms (2005)

Cell death was first described in rabbit ovaries (Graaffian follicles), the phenomenon being called 'chromatolysis' rather than apoptosis. In humans, the ovarian endowment of primordial follicles is established during fetal life. Apoptotic cell death depletes this endowment by at least two-thirds before birth, executed with the help of several players and pathways conserved from worms to humans. To date, apoptosis has been reported to be involved in oogenesis, folliculogenesis, oocyte loss/selection and atresia. Several pro-survival and pro-apoptotic molecules are involved in ovarian apoptosis with the delicate balance between them being the determinant for the final destiny of the follicular cells. This review critically analyses the current knowledge about the biological roles of these molecules and their relevance to the dynamics of follicle development. It also presents the existing literature and assesses the gaps in our knowledge.
Optimal Scheduling of Energy Resources and Management of Loads in Isolated/Islanded Microgrids (2017)

Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) present a promising solution to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions but on the other hand, their increased penetration can impact power system operation, particularly so in an isolated microgrid. Similarly, demand response (DR) has the potential to provide significant flexibility in the operation of an isolated microgrid with limited generation capacity, by altering the demand and introducing an elasticity effect. This paper proposes a new mathematical model for optimal scheduling of energy resources and smart management of loads which includes smart charging of PEVs, DR, and operation of battery energy storage systems (BESSs), for isolated microgrids. Different case studies are developed to examine isolated microgrid operations when the demand increases, and how the energy management model copes with such increase. The proposed model develops energy management strategies considering the network constraints and different objective functions from the perspective of the microgrid operator as well as from the owners of PEVs and BESS.
Acyl‐CoA:cholesterol acyl transferase (ACAT1) is highly expressed in human breast cancer cell lines and ACAT inhibition reduces proliferation (2008)

We observed lipid droplets and an increase in cell cholesterol in breast cancer cells treated with fatty acids. We tested these cells for the expression of ACAT1, the enzyme that makes cholesterol esters (CE) from cholesterol and long‐chain fatty acids. We found ACAT1 to be highly expressed at both the protein and mRNA levels in the highly proliferative MCF‐10A and the invasive MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cell lines. ACAT1 expression was much lower in the estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer cell line MCF‐7 and normal mammary epithelial cells. These data are consistent with existent array data showing increased expression of the ACAT1 gene soat1 in breast cancer compared to normal breast, lower expression in ER+ vs. ER‐ breast cancer, and co‐expression of soat1 with breast cancer proliferation genes. The expression of ACAT1 correlated with CE content and total cell cholesterol. We hypothesized that high ACAT1 expression confers an advantage to proliferating cells when access to lipids needed for growth is limited. To test this hypothesis, we used the ACAT inhibitor CP‐113,818. The inhibitor reduced proliferation of the high ACAT1‐expressing cells and this effect was more pronounced in low serum media. When LDL was added to the media, it reduced the effect of ACAT inhibition. This suggests that ACAT1 has a role in facilitating growth and may confer a survival advantage to cancer cells when lipids are limited.
ECH Propagation and Absorption Experiments at 140 GHz in MTX (1992)

Single pass absorption experiments using fundamental, O‐mode ECH waves have been performed in the Microwave Tokamak Experiment (MTX) and found to be consistent with linear absorption theory, as predicted for the ECH source which is a 140 GHz, 400 kW CW gyrotron. These experiments provide the basis for comparison with future Free Electron Laser (FEL) experiments in which the absorption is predicted to be in the non‐linear regime for PFEL≥1 GW. The gyrotron power is coupled into a quasi‐optical transmission line to the tokamak by a Vlasov antenna. The input power is measured by calorimeters located just outside the injection port and on the vacuum wall opposite the port. For plasma shots, the total transmitted power and its profile are measured. Temporal analysis of the thermistor signals compared with a heat diffusion model for the tiles gives the spatial profile of transmitted power. These measurements are compared with the stored energy increase by diamagnetism measurements, 3‐D vacuum fields calculations and ray‐tracing calculations of the transmitted power.
The absence of γ‐glutamyltransferase activity in transport‐dependent methotrexate‐resistant hepatoma cells (1987)

A cell line derived from H35 hepatoma cells resistant to methotrexate (MTX) as a result of a defective transport system for MTX has been examined to determine how closely the variant resembles the parent cells with regard to other biochemical properties. The capacity of extracts of resistant cells to catalyze the poly-gamma-glutamylation of MTX was approximately twice as great as that of wild-type cell extracts. Evidence of similarity between wild-type and H35 R0.3 cells was derived from the equitoxic activity to both cell lines of nonclassical antifolates and other miscellaneous antineoplastics which act by a variety of mechanisms. Two phenotypic markers of hepatic cell function, alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) transport and tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) activity inducibility, were present in both cell types, demonstrating the maintenance of these phenotypic properties in the H35 R0.3 cells. gamma-Glutamyltransferase (GGT, EC 2.3.2.2) activity differed in that it was present in wild-type cells and barely detectable in H35 R0.3 cells. The GGT activity reappeared in the H35 cells when they regained MTX sensitivity after incubation for 14-20 weeks in MTX-free media. Although defective MTX transport appeared to be correlated with the disappearance of GGT activity in an H35 variant cell line, no functional relationship between them is apparent at this time. It is possible that a lack of GGT activity may be evidence of a more differentiated phenotype in the transport-resistant cell line.
Thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity of copper in intense magnetic fields at low temperatures (1982)

Measurements are reported for the first time of a complete set of thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity data, both transverse and longitudinal, in fields up to 12.5 T between 3 and 15 K for a polycrystalline sample of copper (residual resistivity ratio equal to 108). The transverse resistivity data obey the Kohler rule at all field levels; the longitudinal data, only at higher fields ($H\ensuremath{\ge}5$ T). The longitudinal resistivity data do not show saturation. The transverse thermal conductivity is depressed more by intense fields than is the longitudinal conductivity. Effective Lorentz numbers, defined by the Wiedemann-Franz law, are determined: The longitudinal Lorentz number is $H$-field independent, but the transverse Lorentz number is found to increase linearly with $H$. The latter dependence is significant, $\frac{\mathrm{dL}}{\mathrm{dH}}=0.112\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}8}$ W \ensuremath{\Omega} ${\mathrm{K}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ per tesla.
Cytokeratins for probing cell lineage relationships in developing liver (1990)

Immunohistochemistry with monoclonal anti-cytokeratin antibodies has revealed the presence of cytokeratin 19 in embryonic and early fetal hepatocytes. With the differentiation of bile ducts at about the 10th week, cytokeratin 19 disappears from liver cells but remains in bile duct cells. This marks an important step in the organogenesis of the liver.
Immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibody MsMab‐2 is useful to detect IDH1 R132L in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (2016)

Immunohistochemical analysis using specific antibodies is a useful and convenient method to detect proteins altered by somatic mutations. We previously generated the rat monoclonal antibody MsMab-2, which recognizes isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)1 R132L and IDH2 R172M. In the present study, we used an immunohistochemical method to examine MsMab-2 immunoreactivity in 95 cases of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, including five IDH1 R132L and one IDH2 R172M mutant cases confirmed by direct sequencing. Tissue microarray section slides of all IDH1/2-mutant and wild-type cases, as well as whole section slides of IDH1 R132L and IDH2 R172M cases were immunostained using an autostainer. All IDH1 R132L cases showed positive staining for MsMab-2, while other IDH1/2 mutant and IDH1/2 wild-type cases were negative. Tumor cells of the immunopositive cases invariably showed strong reactivity using whole-section slides. We consider immunohistochemical analysis using MsMab-2 to be a useful means of detecting IDH1 R132L. Further analysis of its effectiveness against IDH2 R172M is necessary because of the small sample size in this study.
Normal age-related patterns of cellular and fatty bone marrow distribution in the axial skeleton: MR imaging study. (1990)

Knowledge of age-related distribution patterns of cellular and fatty marrow is critical to the interpretation of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging studies. To determine such patterns, the authors retrospectively evaluated 70 examinations each of the skull, cervical spine, thoracic spine, lumbar spine, pelvis, and proximal femur (420 examinations) in patients without known bone marrow abnormality who ranged in age from 6 months to older than 70 years. Two to four distinct patterns were identified in each anatomic area on spin-echo images obtained with a short repetition time and a short echo time. The relative frequency of the patterns for different age groups is consistent with the known physiologic conversion from cellular to fatty marrow with advancing age. Knowledge of these patterns should help in the interpretation of MR images of the axial skeleton.
Snugglebug (2009)

Symbolic analysis shows promise as a foundation for bug-finding, specification inference, verification, and test generation. This paper addresses demand-driven symbolic analysis for object-oriented programs and frameworks. Many such codes comprise large, partial programs with highly dynamic behaviors--polymorphism, reflection, and so on--posing significant scalability challenges for any static analysis.
Pocket, Bag, Hand, etc. - Automatically Detecting Phone Context through Discovery (2010)

Most top end smart phones come with a handful of sensors today. We see this growth continuing over the next decade with an explosion of new distributed sensor applications supporting both personal sensing with local use (e.g., healthcare) to distributed sensing with large scale community (e.g., air quality, stress levels and well being), population and global use. One fundamental building block for distributed sensing systems on mobile phones is the automatic detection of accurate, robust and low-cost phone sensing context; that is, the position of the phone carried by a person (e.g., in the pocket, in the hand, inside a backpack, on the hip, arm mounted, etc.) in relation to the event being sensed. Mobile phones carried by people may have many different sensing contexts that limit the use of a sensor, for example: an air-quality sensor offers poor sensing quality buried in a person’s backpack. We present the preliminary design, implementation, and evaluation of Discovery, a framework to automatically detect the phone sensing context in a robust, accurate and low-cost manner, as people move about in their everyday lives. The initial system implements a set of sophisticated inference models that include Gaussian Mixture Model and Support Vector Machine on the Nokia N95 and Apple iPhone with focus on a limited set of sensors and contexts. Initial results indicate this is a promising approach to provide phone sensing context on mobile phones. 1.
Practical Monetary Policy: Examples from Sweden and the United States (2012)

monetary policy, Sweden, Swedish Risksbank, Federal Reserve, inflation
Image-guided customization of frequency-place mapping in cochlear implants (2015)

Multi-channel cochlear implants (CI) leverage frequency based cochlear tonotopic mapping to map acoustic information to the cochlear place of stimulation which is primarily determined by electrode locations. Despite the fact that electrode locations within the cochlea are unique to each patient, the acoustic frequencies assigned to the electrodes by the CI processor are determined generically, resulting in a mismatch between intended and actual pitch perception. This is known to be a limiting factor for hearing outcomes with CIs. In this study, we propose a novel, image-guided CI processor programming strategy to select more optimal, patient-customized frequency assignments. The performance of the proposed strategy was evaluated using vocoder-based simulations with ten normal hearing listeners. In our simulations, our strategy results in significantly better speech recognition scores than the standard clinical strategy.
ChemInform Abstract: AMIDRAZONES. 8. SYNTHESIS OF 1,2,4‐OXADIAZOLES BY THERMOLYSIS OF N3‐ACYLAMIDRAZONE YLIDES (1983)

Abstract Aus den Yliden (I) werden mit Säurechloriden (II) die Acylierungsprodukte (III) erhalten, die thermisch unter Abspaltung von Trimethylamin (V) in 1,2,4‐Oxadiazole (IV) übergehen.
Calculation of nonbonding forces as applied to stereospecific polymerization (1960)

Abstract The nonbonding interactions were calculated for four models resembling types of propylene polymerization. The calculations predict syndiotactic polymerization for a radical or carbonium ion model and suggest isotactic polymerization for anionic‐type reaction.