gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Programming Time-Multiplexed Reconfigurable Hardware Using a Scalable Neuromorphic Compiler (2012)

Scalability and connectivity are two key challenges in designing neuromorphic hardware that can match biological levels. In this paper, we describe a neuromorphic system architecture design that addresses an approach to meet these challenges using traditional complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) hardware. A key requirement in realizing such neural architectures in hardware is the ability to automatically configure the hardware to emulate any neural architecture or model. The focus for this paper is to describe the details of such a programmable front-end. This programmable front-end is composed of a neuromorphic compiler and a digital memory, and is designed based on the concept of synaptic time-multiplexing (STM). The neuromorphic compiler automatically translates any given neural architecture to hardware switch states and these states are stored in digital memory to enable desired neural architectures. STM enables our proposed architecture to address scalability and connectivity using traditional CMOS hardware. We describe the details of the proposed design and the programmable front-end, and provide examples to illustrate its capabilities. We also provide perspectives for future extensions and potential applications.
Synthon Modularity in Cocrystals of 4-Bromobenzamide with n-Alkanedicarboxylic Acids: Type I and Type II Halogen···Halogen Interactions (2013)

A Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) analysis on halogen···halogen contacts (X···X) in organic crystals has been carried out to review the classification criteria for type I, type II, and quasi type I/II halogen interactions. Trends observed in previous CSD analyses of the phenomenon are reinforced in the present study. The manner in which these interactions are manifested in cocrystals of 4-bromobenzamide and dicarboxylic acid is examined. The design strategy for these cocrystals uses synthon theory and follows from an understanding of the crystal structures of γ-hydroquinone and a previously studied set of 4-hydroxybenzamide dicarboxylic acid cocrystals, making use of Br/OH isostructurality. All cocrystals are obtained by clean insertion of dicarboxylic acids between 4-bromobenzamide molecules. The strategy is deliberate and the prediction of synthons done well in advance, as evidenced from the robustness of the acid–amide heterosynthons in all nine crystal structures, with no aberrant structures in the crystallization experiments. Formation of the acid–amide synthon in these cocrystals is identified with IR spectroscopy. The packing in these cocrystals can be distinguished in terms of whether the Br···Br interactions are type I or II. Eight sets of dimorphs were retrieved from the CSD, wherein the basis of the polymorphism is that one crystal has a type I Br···Br interaction, while the other has a type II interaction.
The expanding field of cannabimimetic and related lipid mediators (2005)

The discovery of the endogenous cannabimimetic lipid mediators, anandamide and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol, opened the door to the discovery of other endogenous lipid mediators similar in structure and function. The majority of these compounds do not bind appreciably to known cannabinoid receptors; yet some of them produce cannabimimetic effects while others exert actions through novel mechanisms that remain to be elucidated. This review explores the growing diversity of recently discovered putative lipid mediators and their relationship to the endogenous cannabinoid system. The possibility that there remain many unidentified signalling lipids coupled with the evidence that many of these yield bioactive metabolites due to actions of known enzymes (e.g. cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases, cytochrome P450s) suggests the existence of a large and complex family of lipid mediators about which only little is known at this time. The elucidation of the biochemistry and pharmacology of these compounds may provide therapeutic targets for a variety of conditions including sleep dysfunction, eating disorders, cardiovascular disease, as well as inflammation and pain.
Computers in Radiology (2001)

OBJECTIVE. Clinically, three-dimensional CT of the extremities is most often used to display bony anatomy. However, by combining unenhanced CT with volume-rendering computer graphics, visualization of relationships between bone and soft-tissue structures such as muscle and tendon is also possible. The aims of this study were to quantify CT attenuation values of peripheral tendon, muscle, and bone on unenhanced CT and to develop custom opacity transforms on the basis of the attenuation measurements to effectively depict tendon‐ muscle‐bone relationships. CONCLUSION. The mean attenuation of peripheral tendon (~100 H) is distinctly higher than that of muscle (~60 H) enabling high-quality volume rendering of muscle‐tendon‐bone relationships with unenhanced CT. High-frequency (bone) CT reconstruction algorithms commonly used for extremity CT produce approximately twofold higher image noise and inferior three-dimensional renderings compared with those based on less noisy standard or softtissue reconstruction algorithms. These concepts can be used to uniquely reveal tendon‐muscle‐bone relationships for clinical, scientific, and educational purposes.
<title>Image processing for flight crew enhanced situation awareness</title> (1994)

Maximum utilization of national airspace resources requires the development of systems which provide adverse weather landing guidance and allow for continued operations in low visibility conditions. The overall system, known as an enhanced situation awareness system (ESAS), encompasses a broad range of functions including a forward vision system (FVS). The FVS, the part of ESAS on which the paper focuses, consists of forward-looking, imaging sensors, and associated processors which collectively penetrate the atmospheric conditions. The FVS provides a spectrum of services to the flight crew and the aircraft in general. A series of image processing techniques crucial to FVS operation have been developed and implemented at Honeywell. The techniques fall into three core categories: image enhancement, feature extraction, and object recognition and tracking. In this paper, the issues involved in each category of processing are described, the most promising algorithms are described, and preliminary results of the image processing are presented. The sensor types explored to date include visible band TV, FLIR, and 35 GHz radar; results are shown on data from the visible band and 35 GHz radar imaging sensors.
Genetic Background Influences Acute Response to TBI in Kindling-Susceptible, Kindling-Resistant, and Outbred Rats (2020)

We hypothesized that the acute response to traumatic brain injury (TBI) shares mechanisms with brain plasticity in the kindling model. Utilizing two unique, complementary strains of inbred rats, selected to be either susceptible or resistant to seizure-induced plasticity evoked by kindling of the perforant path, we examined acute electrophysiological alterations and differences in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein concentrations after a moderate-to-severe brain injury. At baseline, limited strain-dependent differences in acute electrophysiological activity were found, and no differences in BDNF. Following injury, pronounced strain-dependent differences in electrophysiologic activity were noted at 0.5 min. However, the divergence is transient, with diminished differences at 5 min after injury and no differences at 10 and 15 min after injury. Strain-specific differences in BDNF protein concentration were noted 4 h after injury. A simple risk score model generated by machine learning and based solely on post-injury electrophysiologic activity at the 0.5-min timepoint distinguished perforant path kindling susceptible (PPKS) rats from non-plasticity-susceptible strains. The findings demonstrate that genetic background which affects brain circuit plasticity also affects acute response to TBI. An improved understanding of the effect of genetic background on the cellular, molecular, and circuit plasticity mechanisms activated in response to TBI and their timecourse is key in developing much-needed novel therapeutic approaches.
Subseabed Disposal Project Experiment: Pore Water Pressure Response to Piezometer and Canister Insertion (1990)

Induced excess pore water pressures resulting from the insertion of piezometer probes of 8-mm (0.31-in.) diameter and a simulated waste canister of 102-mm (4.0-in.) diameter and the dissipation of these excess pressures were measured during deep-ocean component tests of the In Situ Heat Transfer Experiment (ISHTE). The sediment at the Pacific test site 1100 km north of Oahu, Hawaii, is an illitic clay. Insertion-induced excess pore pressures were found to agree well with those predicted by models. Several aspects of the induced excess pressure dissipation were evaluated including the effects of probe and heater diameter, distal excess pore pressure response, and the synergistic excess pore pressure response from multiple insertions. The dissipation of induced excess pressures measured at each piezometer is predicted well by theory. The same analytical models predict the excess pore pressure history measured at the piezometers in response to the waste canister insertion. Present models were evaluated that predict insertion excess pressures and their dissipation rate at the probe surface and at distal, far field, points.
Simultaneous impulse stimulation and response sampling technique for built-in self test of linear analog integrated circuits (2009)

This paper proposes a new impulse stimulation and response sampling technique for the implementation of a Built-In Self Test of linear analog integrated circuits embedded in mixed-signal systems. The testing technique is the monitoring of physical fault influences on impulse response characteristics through the use of single-point sampling method and window criterions. The implementation of BIST system realizes a controllable impulse generator, which provide two short impulses simultaneously for stimulating a Circuit-Under-Test, and sampling a transient impulse response. This proposed technique is cost-effective and relatively compact. Neither high-precision analog test stimuli with fault-free bit streams nor characterization and synchronization processes in DSP are required. Demonstrations of the BIST system for a Sallen-Key low-pass filter in a physical level using 0.18-μm CMOS technology show a low area overhead of 11.19%, and offer high catastrophic and parameter fault coverage of 98.24%.
Nuclear Medicine Techniques for the Detection of Active Alveolar Bone Loss (1987)

The use of bone-seeking radiopharmaceutical uptake (BSRU) as an indicator of periodontal disease activity was assessed in untreated beagles with naturally occurring periodontal disease, and in beagles treated with the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, flurbiprofen. In untreated beagles, a single uptake measurement was indicative of the rate of bone loss subsequently determined by sequential radiographs. Beagles treated with flurbiprofen demonstrated a significant decrease in rate of bone loss and a corresponding decrease in BSRU. Transfer of this technology to untreated human subjects with moderate to severe periodontal disease also showed a positive correlation between a single measurement of BSRU and the rate of bone loss determined from sequential radiographs. Analysis of these data shows that a single BSRU examination may be indicative of periodontal disease activity.
Effect of MUC7 peptides on the growth of bacteria and on Streptococcus mutans biofilm (2006)

MUC7 peptides present somewhat preferential antimicrobial activity against S. mutans. They also have an effect on in vitro formation and reduction of the preformed S. mutans biofilm.
005 Samelisant (SUVN-G3031), a histamine H3 receptor inverse agonist in animal models of sleep disorders (2021)

Abstract Introduction Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder characterized by overwhelming daytime drowsiness, sudden attacks of sleep and sometimes accompanied by cataplexy. Although the orexin deficiency is considered to be the primary cause of this disorder, lot of attention has been diverted on targeting histaminergic neurotransmission by blockade of histamine H3 receptor (H3R). Samelisant (SUVN-G3031) is one of the potent and selective H3R inverse agonist currently being evaluated in a Phase 2 study as monotherapy for the treatment of narcolepsy with and without cataplexy (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04072380). In the current research work, Samelisant was evaluated for neurotransmitter changes in rats and sleep EEG in orexin knockout mice, a reliable proof-of-concept study for treatment of excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy in narcolepsy. Methods Binding affinity of Samelisant towards human and rat histamine H3R was evaluated in in-vitro radioligand binding assay and functionality in GTP□S assay. Effect of Samelisant was studied in (R)-α-methyl histamine induced dipsogenia. In rat brain microdialysis, Samelisant was evaluated for its effects on modulation of neurotransmitters like histamine, dopamine and norepinephrine. Male orexin knockout mice were implanted with telemetric device for simultaneous monitoring of electroencephalography (EEG) and electromyography. Effects of Samelisant (3 and 10 mg/kg, p.o.) were evaluated during active period of animals. Results Samelisant is an inverse agonist at histamine H3 receptors with hKi of 8.7 nM and showed minimal binding against over 70 target sites. Samelisant produced significant increase in histamine, dopamine and norepinephrine levels in cortex. Samelisant produced no change in the striatal and accumbal dopamine levels in rats, suggesting no propensity to induce abuse liability. Samelisant blocked R-α-methyl histamine induced water intake and produced dose dependent increase in tele-methylhistamine levels in various brain regions and in cerebrospinal fluid of male Wistar rats. Samelisant produced significant increase in wakefulness with concomitant decrease in non-rapid eye movement sleep in orexin knockout mice. Samelisant also significantly decreased number of cataplectic episodes in orexin knockout mice. Conclusion Samelisant is an inverse agonist at histamine H3 receptor and results from the preclinical studies presented here provide a strong evidence for the potential utility of Samelisant in the treatment of narcolepsy with and without cataplexy. Support (if any):
Changes in bone remodelling and antifracture efficacy of intermittent bisphosphonate therapy: implications from clinical studies with ibandronate (2007)

Bisphosphonates reduce the rate of bone resorption and bone remodelling. Given daily, they decrease the risk of fractures in postmenopausal osteoporosis. When bisphosphonates were given at extended drug-free intervals this antifracture efficacy was generally not seen. This may be due to the different pattern of bone remodelling changes. Data from randomised clinical studies of ibandronate, given orally or intravenously, at different doses and for variable time intervals to women with osteoporosis were examined to explore the relationship between intermittent bisphosphonate therapy, changes in bone resorption and fracture risk. The magnitude of the reduction of the rate of bone resorption at the end of the drug-free interval rather than its fluctuation pattern after bisphosphonate administration determines antifracture efficacy, provided that these fluctuations occur within the premenopausal range. Prolongation of the drug-free interval beyond 2 weeks should be compensated by a dose higher than the cumulative daily dose.
Comparison of apomorphine and levodopa infusions in four patients with Parkinson’s disease with symptom fluctuations (2008)

Monotherapy with duodenal infusion of levodopa was more efficacious and brought greater QoL than combination therapy with apomorphine infusion in these fluctuating patients.
Signet ring cell carcinoma of the stomach (1992)

Between 1965 and 1985, 51 of 1500 patients (3.4%) with gastric cancer who had gastric resection had signet ring cell gastric cancer. Patients with this form of cancer tended to be younger and female; the tumors were smaller and involved the stomach body, serosal invasion was less prominent, and lymph node metastases were less likely to be present. Early mucosal and submucosal cancer was present in 54.9% of the patients with the signet ring cell and in 24.6% with other types of gastric cancer. In 15.7% of patients with signet ring cell cancer, a noncurative resection was performed. The 5-year survival rate was 74.5% for patients with signet ring cell cancer and 52.4% for those with other types of gastric cancer (P less than 0.01). In patients with signet ring cell gastric cancer, the lesion is less extensive; thus, these patients probably can expect a longer survival time.
Balloon-Augmented Leaflet Modification With Bioprosthetic or Native Aortic Scallop Intentional Laceration to Prevent Iatrogenic Coronary Artery Obstruction and Laceration of the Anterior Mitral Leaflet to Prevent Outflow Obstruction: Benchtop Validation and First In-Man Experience (2021)

BA leaflet laceration enhances leaflet splay in vitro and may allow transcatheter aortic valve replacement and transcatheter mitral valve replacement in patients otherwise ineligible for traditional BASILICA or LAMPOON due to challenging anatomy. Graphic Abstract: A graphic abstract is available for this article.
Transcriptional regulation by a point mutant of adenovirus-2 E1a product lacking DNA binding activity. (1992)

The adenovirus E1a protein (E1A) regulates transcription through interaction with transcription factors bound to DNA, like cAMP response element BP1/ATF2, or through dissociating E2F transcription factor complex. However, it was also reported that E1A can bind to DNA (Chatterjee, P. K., Bruner, M., Flint, S. J., and Harter, M. L. (1988) EMBO J. 7, 835-841), and it is not clear whether DNA binding of E1A is involved in a part of the process of transcriptional regulation by E1A. In this paper, the small region of E1A that is responsible for DNA binding was identified and a point mutant lacking DNA binding activity was constructed. Analysis of deletion mutants of E1A proteins expressed in bacteria showed that a basic region between amino acids 201 and 216 of E1A is essential for DNA binding. Point mutation of arginines at amino acid numbers 205 and 206 to aspartic acids completely abolished the DNA binding activity of E1A. Using this mutant, the requirement of the E1A DNA binding for E1A-dependent transcriptional regulation was examined. trans-Activation of the adenovirus E4 promoter and trans-repression of the human c-erbB-2 promoter by this point mutant were examined by cotransfection experiments. Mutations of the E1A DNA-binding domain affected neither the E1A-induced trans-activation nor trans-repression at all. These results give complete proof that the DNA binding activity of E1A is not required for transcriptional regulation by E1A.
Supplementary Figure 7 from Glioblastoma Cells Containing Mutations in the Cohesin Component <i>STAG2</i> Are Sensitive to PARP Inhibition (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 53K, Supp. Fig. 7- A) Effect of camptothecin (CPT) on H4 STAG2-mutated and KI cell lines. B) 42MGBA STAG2-mutated and KI cell lines treated with a combination of CPT and olaparib. Cell numbers were determined by nuclei-counting.&lt;/p&gt;
Fabrication of nanoporous superstructures through hierarchical self-assembly of nanoparticles (2008)

Highly-extended self-supporting nanoporous Au and Au–Ag alloy thin films can be successfully prepared by a self-assembly method with metal nanoparticles as starting building blocks. The size, structure, and composition distribution of the synthesized nanoporous films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The experimental results revealed that thermal activation and photoinduced attractive force of nanoparticles cause the particles to be assembled at the air–water interface. The pore size of this new nanoporous material can be controlled by varying the nanoparticle size.
Wide QRS Complex Rhythm Requiring a Second Look (2022)

This case report describes a patient in their 60s with atrial flutter ablation following admission to the hospital for heart failure exacerbation.
Phytochemical Analysis and Antimicrobial Efficacy of Macleaya cordata against Extensively Drug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (2018)

The antibiotic resistant threat is continuing to grow, due in part to the overuse of antibiotics in livestock feed. Many nations in Europe have banned the use of antibiotics in feed, leading to higher rates of infection in livestock animals and reduced productivity for the food market. Increasingly, researchers are looking into the efficacy of phytopreparations to replace antibiotics in feed, allowing for increased animal health without the development of resistance. <i>Macleaya cordata</i>, or Chinese plume poppy, shows promise as a food additive. To evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of this plant, we tested <i>in vitro</i> activity of <i>M. cordata</i> extract, as well as pure compounds sanguinarine and chelerythrine against wild-type, methicillin-resistant, and multiply-resistant strains of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (SA1199, AH1263, and IA116, respectively). Combination tests to evaluate synergy, additivity, and antagonism within the extract were also completed for the first time. Sanguinarine and chelerythrine showed complete growth inhibition of all strains of <i>S. aureus</i> at concentrations ranging from 3-10 µg/mL, and were equal in activity or were more potent than the reference compound chloramphenicol. Combination studies of pure sanguinarine and chelerythrine with <i>M. cordata</i> extract revealed additivity or indifference of mixture components with these compounds. Because sanguinarine and chelerythrine represent the major active constituents of <i>M. cordata</i>, the pooled amounts of these two compounds may be useful for establishing potency for quality control purposes. This is the first report of activity of chelerythrine and sanguinarine against methicillin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> AH1263 and multiply-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> IA116, and illustrates the promise of <i>M. cordata</i> extract as an alternative to antibiotics in feed additives.
Fake News Detection in Social Networks via Crowd Signals (2017)

Our work considers leveraging crowd signals for detecting fake news and is motivated by tools recently introduced by Facebook that enable users to flag fake news. By aggregating users' flags, our goal is to select a small subset of news every day, send them to an expert (e.g., via a third-party fact-checking organization), and stop the spread of news identified as fake by an expert. The main objective of our work is to minimize the spread of misinformation by stopping the propagation of fake news in the network. It is especially challenging to achieve this objective as it requires detecting fake news with high-confidence as quickly as possible. We show that in order to leverage users' flags efficiently, it is crucial to learn about users' flagging accuracy. We develop a novel algorithm, DETECTIVE, that performs Bayesian inference for detecting fake news and jointly learns about users' flagging accuracy over time. Our algorithm employs posterior sampling to actively trade off exploitation (selecting news that maximize the objective value at a given epoch) and exploration (selecting news that maximize the value of information towards learning about users' flagging accuracy). We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach via extensive experiments and show the power of leveraging community signals for fake news detection.