gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ebert Spectrometer Reflections (1991)

The Ebert spectrometer, named for its inventor, the 19th-century German spectroscopist Hermann Ebert, emerged from obscurity after the Second World War to play a significant role in the exploration of the solar system. I had a part in its resurrection, and the Ebert spectrometer has played a dominant role in my scientific career. Therefore I've taken the trouble to look into its history. The evolution of this instrument, now a century old, was curiously haphazard and fraught with mistakes. I have attempted here to put these events into chronological, and somewhat autobiographical, perspective.
THE REE CONSTRAINTS ON ORE SOURCES OF THE DONGGOUBA POLYMETALLIC DEPOSIT (2003)

REE geochemistry method has been used to trace the resources of the oreforming materials in the Donggouba polymetallic deposit. The REE contents of the ores and its host rocks were analyzed respectively and the ores have apparent positive Eu and weak Ce negative anomalies in the chondrite- normalized REE distribution patterns of the ores, indicating the oreforming hydrothermal fluids had a high temperature (greater than 250℃) and were relatively reductive. The coexistence of both apparent positive Eu anomalies and weak negative Ce anomalies in the ores indicate the convectively mixing of hydrothermal fluids with a small amount of seawater when the ores were precipitated on ancient seafloor. The REE distribution patterns of ores are similar to those of the host rocks on the whole except for Eu and Ce, which implicates the oreforming metallic elements came mainly from the volcanic rocks of the Douba Group. The presence of large amount of barite, the enriched LREE and apparent positive Eu anomaly and weak negative Ce anomaly suggests that the SO2-4 were a dominant anion in the oreforming fluid and was related to a degassing processes of magmatic components.
Brain-Based Biomarkers for the Treatment of Depression: Evolution of an Idea (2017)

An ambition of depression biomarker research is to augment psychometric and cognitive assessment of clinically relevant phenomena with neural measures. Although such applications have been slow to arrive, we observe a steady evolution of the idea and anticipate emerging technologies with some optimism. To highlight critical themes and innovations in depression biomarker research, we take as our point of reference a specific research narrative. We begin with an early model of frontal-limbic dysfunction, which represents a conceptual shift from localized pathology to understanding symptoms as an emergent property of distributed networks. Over the decades, this model accommodates perspectives from neurology, psychiatry, clinical, and cognitive neuroscience, and preserves past insight as more complex methods become available. We also track the expanding mission of brain biomarker research: from the development of diagnostic tools to treatment selection algorithms, measures of neurocognitive functioning and novel targets for neuromodulation. To conclude, we draw from this particular research narrative future directions for biomarker research. We emphasize integration of measurement modalities to describe dynamic change in domain-general networks, and we speculate that a brain-based framework for psychiatric problems may dissolve classical diagnostic and disciplinary boundaries. (JINS, 2017, 23, 870-880).
Memory CD4+ T cells do not induce graft-versus-host disease (2003)

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT). Donor T cells that accompany stem cell grafts cause GVHD by attacking recipient tissues; therefore, all patients receive GVHD prophylaxis by depletion of T cells from the allograft or through immunosuppressant drugs. In addition to providing a graft-versus-leukemia effect, donor T cells are critical for reconstituting T cell-mediated immunity. Ideally, immunity to infectious agents would be transferred from donor to host without GVHD. Most donors have been exposed to common pathogens and have an increased precursor frequency of memory T cells against pathogenic antigens. We therefore asked whether memory CD62L-CD44+ CD4+ T cells would induce less GVHD than unfractionated or naive CD4+ T cells. Strikingly, we found that memory CD4 cells induced neither clinical nor histologic GVHD. This effect was not due to the increased number of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells found in the CD62L-CD44+ fraction because memory T cells depletion of these cells did not cause GVHD. Memory CD4 cells engrafted and responded to antigen both in vivo and in vitro. If these murine results are applicable to human alloSCT, selective administration of memory T cells could greatly improve post-transplant immune reconstitution.
Influence de la microstructure des aciers sur leur propriétés mécaniques (2002)

The development of physical approaches describing the effects of the microstructures on the mechanical properties are essential first to understand the effects of the process parameters on the final product, second to rapidly find ways of optimising the process of these products and last but not least to conceive new products. Therefore ARCELOR has been developing for a few years physical models and experimental methods (TEM, image analysis, non-destructive in-situ evaluation) to describe monotonous behaviour, as well as fatigue and fracture mechanisms. Chemical composition, volume fraction of the different phases (ferrite, martensite, pearlite and bainite) and their morphology (grain size, diameter of the martensitic islands, etc.) are taken into account. The aim of the present article is to review a part of these experimental and modelling studies concerning ferritic, dual-phase and bainitic steel grades.
Design of a magnetic force exciter for a small-scale windmill using a piezo-composite generating element (2011)

We introduce a design for a magnetic force exciter that applies vibration to a piezo-composite generating element (PCGE) for a small-scale windmill to convert wind energy into electrical energy. The windmill can be used to harvest wind energy in urban regions. The magnetic force exciter consists of exciting magnets attached to the device's input rotor, and a secondary magnet that is fixed at the tip of the PCGE. Under an applied wind force, the input rotor rotates to create a magnetic force interaction to excite the PCGE. Deformation of the PCGE enables it to generate the electric power. Experiments were performed to test power generation and battery charging capabilities. In a battery charging test, the charging time for a 40 mAh battery is approximately 1.5 hours for a wind speed of 2.5 m/s. Our experimental results show that the prototype can harvest energy in urban areas with low wind speeds, and convert the wasted wind energy into electricity for city use.
Essential Oil ofErichtites hieracifolia (1998)

Abstract The chemical composition of steam distilled oil of Erichtites hieracifolia was examined by GC/MS. The main compounds were found to be α-phellandrene (41.2%), p-cymene (22.1%), β-caryophyllene (7.%), camphor (5.4%), cis-ascaridole (10.0%) and α-phellandrene epoxide (1.0%). Key Word Index: Erichtites hieracifolia Compositaeessential oil compositionα-phellandrenep-cymenecis-ascaridoleα-phellandrene epoxide
Bio-inspired categorization using event-driven feature extraction and spike-based learning (2014)

This paper presents a fully event-driven feedforward architecture that accounts for rapid categorization. The proposed algorithm processes the address event data generated either from an image or from Address-Event-Representation (AER) temporal contrast vision sensor. Bio-inspired, cortex-like, spike-based features are obtained through event-driven convolution and neural competition. The extracted spike feature patterns are then classified by a network of leaky integrate-and-fire (LIE) spiking neurons, in which the weights are trained using tempotron learning rule. One appealing characteristic of our system is the fully event-driven processing. The input, the features, and the classification are all based on address events (spikes). Experimental results on three datasets have proved the efficacy of the proposed algorithm.
Binding and metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene and 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene by seven purified forms of cytochrome P-450 (1984)

Seven different forms of cytochrome P-450 have been purified from rat liver microsomes. The major 3-methylcholanthrene (MC) inducible cytochrome P-450 (form c) exhibits the greatest activity toward both benzo[a]pyrene (BP) (58 min-1) and 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) (29 min-1) and forms substantially high spin, high affinity complexes (Kd = 10 nM) with both hydrocarbons. Cytochrome P-450d, a minor MC-inducible form, has far lower activity for metabolism of both polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), yet also forms high affinity complexes (Kd approximately 100 nM) with both PAH, retaining the full high spin state of the free cytochrome. Although two phenobarbital (PB)-induced forms (P-450's b and e) differ by only 13 amino acids, they exhibit significant differences in metabolism of PAH and in complex formation. Whereas P-450b is only active in metabolism of DMBA (9.8 min-1 versus 1.9 min-1 for BP), P-450e has low activity for both substrates (3.3 and 1.2 min-1). Nevertheless, P-450e forms a high affinity complex (Kd approximately 100 nM) with both PAH that enhances the proportion of the high spin state (from 30% to 70%). Failure to displace n-octylamine (NOA) suggests binding that is removed from the heme. P-450b remains low spin in the presence of PAH and NOA is again not displaced. In addition, the two forms can be distinguished by their regioselectivities for both PAH. P-450's a, h, and pregnenolone-16 alpha-carbonitrile (PCN) exhibit little activity toward BP or DMBA, but P-450 PCN does form a low spin complex with BP (not DMBA). Regioselectivity in metabolism of DMBA by PB-induced microsomes does not agree with that of the major constituent forms. Only the minor, less active purified forms (e and a) mediate substantial 12-hydroxylation and 3,4-epoxidation of DMBA. Thus, additional factors in microsomal reactions must contribute to these differences.
An Introduction to Programming with C# Threads (2005)

This paper provides an introduction to writing concurrent programs with “threads”. A threads facility allows you to write programs with multiple simultaneous points of execution, synchronizing through shared memory. The paper describes the basic thread and synchronization primitives, then for each primitive provides a tutorial on how to use it. The tutorial sections provide advice on the best ways to use the primitives, give warnings about what can go wrong and offer hints about how to avoid these pitfalls. The paper is aimed at experienced programmers who want to acquire practical expertise in writing concurrent programs. The programming language used is C#, but most of the tutorial applies equally well to other languages with thread support, such as Java.
<title>Chemical information from polymer-coated acoustic-wave sensor arrays</title> (1999)

In this paper we will demonstrate chemometric approaches that can be applied to data from a well-understood polymer- coated acoustic wave vapor sensor array to extract information about the properties of detected vapors, whether that vapor was in the training set or not. Derivation of the approach and simulation using `synthetic' data are presented.
Improving the security of the heap through inter-process protection and intra-process temporal protection (2005)

In most current implementations, memory allocations and deallocations are performed by user-level library code which keeps heap meta-data (heap structure information) and the application's heap data stored in an interleaved fashion in the same address space. Such implementations are inherently unsafe: they allow attackers to use application's vulnerabilities (e.g. lack of heap-based buffer overflow checking) to corrupt its heap meta-data in order to execute malicious code or cause denial-of-service. In this dissertation, we propose an approach where heap meta-data and heap data are protected separately.\n\nOur first solution exploits existing inter-process protection mechanisms through Heap Server, a separate process that maintains heap meta-data on behalf of the application and runs in parallel with it. To perform memory allocations and deallocations, the application sends requests to the Server, which responds to the requests and updates the meta-data. Since the heap meta-data is kept in the Heap Server's address space, attacks on the application can no longer corrupt it. Heap Server is directly implementable in current systems because it does not require new hardware. To optimize Heap Server's performance, we explore non-blocking communication, bulk deallocation, and pre-allocation optimizations. Evaluated on a real system, a fully-optimized Heap Server performs almost identical to a Base heap management library with no protection mechanisms.\n\nAs an alternative solution, we propose a new User-level Temporal Intra-Process Protection (UTIPP) mechanism in which a process protects itself from its own vulnerabilities by write-protecting its own heap meta-data, and only removing the protection for legitimate stores in the heap management library. Unlike existing kernel-level page protection which can only be modified in the privileged mode, UTIPP allows a process to modify the new write-protection bit with a single instruction without disrupting normal pipeline flow. Evaluated on a cycle-accurate simulator, UTIPP adds negligible overhead in most benchmarks.\n\nAnother contribution of this dissertation is a new heap layout obfuscation technique which relies on randomizing the space between heap chunks and the order of chunks in the heap, making heap data attacks more difficult. This obfuscation is integrated with Heap Server and UTIPP.
The Relationship Between Pitching Mechanics and Injury: A Review of Current Concepts (2017)

Altered knee flexion at ball release, early trunk rotation, loss of shoulder rotational range of motion, increased elbow flexion at ball release, high pitch velocity, and increased pitcher fatigue may increase shoulder and elbow torques and risk for injury.
Cardiovascular technology (1989)

Computers are serving intensive care patients by simplifying and improving the accuracy of data acquisition, facilitating communications, storing and organizing patient records, and providing expert suggestions. The future will bring many changes in the way nurses practice in intensive care. The computer should be considered an evolutionary tool to help effect these changes.
Carbofluorination via a palladium-catalyzed cascade reaction (2013)

This article demonstrates the first examples of tandem C–C and C–F bond formation for the palladium-catalyzed carbofluorination of allenes. The intramolecular Heck-fluorination cascade provides monofluoromethylated heteroarenes, an important class of products in medicinal chemistry. We also describe an intermolecular variant for the three-component coupling of allenes, aryl iodides, and AgF. Mechanistic studies indicate that C–F bond formation occurs by outer sphere attack of fluoride on an allylpalladium fluoride intermediate.
Preparedness for Fire Emergency in the Nutrition Laboratory at University X in Semarang: as a Safety Education for University Students (2023)

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) indicates that academic laboratories are 11 times more dangerous than the industrial sectors. The nutrition laboratory is a place that has a high potential to cause fire because there are cooking activities, where these activities are very risky because they deal directly with fire and gas cylinders there. If the gas cylinder has a leak, it can cause a fire risk. This study aims to look at the preparedness of fire disaster management in the Nutrition Laboratory at University X in Semarang city. The research design used in this research was a descriptive qualitative. There were 3 informants, namely the person in charge of the nutrition laboratory and 2 students of the Nutrition Study Program. Data collection techniques used in this research was in-depth interviews. The results showed that the nutrition laboratory at University X in Semarang city already had management related to fire prevention such as the availability of fire extinguishers, evacuation routes, and assembly points. It is recommended that related parties complete active and passive protection systems, improve fire prevention teams, train and socialize, and conduct regular testing of active protection facilities in the Nutrition Laboratory.
Antiviral Activity Exerted by Natural Products against Human Viruses (2021)

Viral infections are responsible for several chronic and acute diseases in both humans and animals. Despite the incredible progress in human medicine, several viral diseases, such as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, respiratory syndromes, and hepatitis, are still associated with high morbidity and mortality rates in humans. Natural products from plants or other organisms are a rich source of structurally novel chemical compounds including antivirals. Indeed, in traditional medicine, many pathological conditions have been treated using plant-derived medicines. Thus, the identification of novel alternative antiviral agents is of critical importance. In this review, we summarize novel phytochemicals with antiviral activity against human viruses and their potential application in treating or preventing viral disease.
From the Editor-in-Chief (2006)

Best practices, policy and innovations in the administration of healthcare in developing communities and countries. For administrators, academics, researchers and policy leaders. Includes peer reviewed research papers. Edited by Dr. Judith Shamian, President Emeritus, International Council of Nurses, Professor and Co-investigator with the Nursing Health Services Research Unit, Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
Antibiotics as Crop Protectants (1986)

Antibiotics, the miracle drugs, have a long history of being useful in agriculture. There has been increased interest in recent years in the use of antibiotics for the control of plant diseases. Some antibiotics that are toxic for use in the treatment of human or animal diseases may be used on plants. Antibiotics have been found useful for the control of bacterial, fungal, viral, and mycoplasmal diseases of a variety of crops and ornamental plants. Drug laws of various countries differ regarding use of antibiotics as plant protectants. Concern regarding uncontrolled use of antibiotics is appropriate, but more information is needed about the effectiveness and safety of the use of antibiotics for control of plant diseases.
Atherosclerotic Change at One Year After Implantation of Endeavor Zotarolimus-Eluting Stent vs. Everolimus-Eluting Stent (2014)

Atherosclerosis evaluated by yellow color of the plaque was significantly reduced at 1 year after Endeavor-ZES implantation, but was not changed after Xience-EES implantation.
Advances in stray light characterization by ultrafast time-of-flight imaging (2023)

Stray light characterization using ultrafast time of flight imaging was demonstrated recently for the testing of refractive telescopes, using a streak tube with a femtosecond laser. It was shown that individual contributors such as ghost reflections and scattering features can be measured individually and identified, allowing unprecedented understanding of stray light properties in telescopes. This opens the door to the development of higher performing instruments, with stray light properties significantly reduced compared to the state of the art. In this paper, we will present the latest advances in the domain of stray light characterization by ultrafast time-of-flight imaging. This includes the characterization of imaging instruments, and the use of the time-of-flight measurements for reverse engineering instruments properties. In addition of using the time-of-flight approach for characterizing instruments, we will show that this method can be used to validate and improve conventional stray light measurement devices and facilities. In the case of large facilities, the typical optical path lengths is of the order of several centimeters to tens of meters. Therefore, in that case streak cameras can be replaced by a less expensive alternative, namely SPAD detectors. We will present the dedicated SPAD detector that we developed and the results obtain in the validation and improvement of the stray light facility for the FLEX Earth observation instrument. This system will be also used in the near future also for the NAC instrument in the ERO mission to Mars
Development of PMSM Drive for Water Supply System (2019)

In order to increase the energy efficiency for wide operating range and minimize the system size, permanent magnet motor (PMSM) is used for water supply system in this paper. For operating the PMSM, sensor-less algorithm using extended electromotive force (EMF) is applied to the PMSM. And the heat sink design was optimized through CFD analysis for reduction of inverter size. Experimental results from a laboratory prototype are presented to validate the feasibility of the proposed using 11kW class PMSM for water supply system.
Copigmentation with Chlorogenic and Ferulic Acid Affected Color and Anthocyanin Stability in Model Beverages Colored with Sambucus peruviana, Sambucus nigra, and Daucus carota during Storage (2020)

The food industry is looking for alternatives to synthetic colorants. Anthocyanins (ACNs) are suitable replacements due to their color characteristics and potential health benefits. The application of sauco (<i>Sambucus peruviana</i>, SP) as a potential source of ACN-based colorants was evaluated and compared to elderberry (<i>Sambucus nigra</i>, SN) and an extract from purple carrots (PC). Color and pigment stability were evaluated using a model beverage system during eight weeks of storage. Copigmentation with chlorogenic acid (CGA) and ferulic acid (FA) were also evaluated. SP ACNs provided darker and more intense colors than those obtained with SN but less intense than those obtained with PC. Addition of CGA and FA resulted in significantly darker colors with higher chroma in beverages colored with SP and SN but not in beverages colored with PC. Copigmentation with FA reduced monomeric pigment half-lives for all ACN sources but increased the chroma half-lives of beverages colored with SP and SN, from 23 to 49 weeks, and from 23 to 55 weeks, respectively. Analyses using liquid chromatography coupled to photodiode array detection and mass spectrometry showed that interaction between non-acylated ACNs and FA resulted in the formation of pyranoanthocyanins. Overall, ACNs from non-acylated sources such as SP, in combination with FA, showed potential for commercial food applications.
An operating system infrastructure for remote code update in deeply embedded systems (2008)

Deeply Embedded Systems are designed to perform a determined set of specific tasks, usually on low-cost, high-reliability platforms. In order to support on-site firmware updates, such systems are subject to severe resource limitation, like processing power, memory and energy, since the update mechanism itself must share the sparse resources with running applications. This work presents a low-overhead operating system infrastructure for remote code update. By using sophisticate C++ static metaprogramming techniques, the infrastructure and the code update become fully transparent to applications. Moreover, the infrastructure allows the system components to be marked as updatable or not at compilation time, and for those components that are not marked as updatable, no overhead is added. The infrastructure was implemented in Epos, a multi-platform, component-based, embedded operating system [7], with positive preliminary results that show that the proposed strategy is a feasible solution for software update in deeply embedded systems.