gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Organization of membrane constituents in human erythrocytes of different age. (1987)

The effect on the structural integrity of membrane glycoproteins of different methods for the isolation of human red cell subpopulations has been investigated. Moreover the extent of sialylation of membrane glycoconjugates in red cells of different age has been studied by a quantification of WGA binding sites at the single-cell level by cytofluorometric techniques, using the FITC-labeled lectin; the surface distribution of these sites has also been described by recording fluorescence intensity maps of cell surfaces.
Effective Macroporous Core–Shell Structure of Alumina‐Supported Spinel Ferrite for Carbon Dioxide Splitting Based on Chemical Looping (2016)

Abstract Spinel ferrite (NiFe 2 O 4 ) supported on spherical Al 2 O 3 was used to split CO 2 based on chemical looping. The NiFe 2 O 4 /Al 2 O 3 material, which had a macroporous core–shell structure, was obtained by pretreating the Al 2 O 3 support at 1200 °C. It displays the highest redox capacity and the best reproducibility during the chemical looping amongst all the samples tested. However, the pretreatment of the Al 2 O 3 support at other temperatures leads to structures that are unfavorable for the diffusion of CO 2 and oxygen, which thus reduces the reactivity. N 2 adsorption–desorption isotherms, XRD, field‐emission SEM, TEM, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to elucidate the formation of the macroporous core–shell structure and the other unfavorable structures. The initial structure, phase of the Al 2 O 3 support, and the process of spinel formation in solid solutions influence the structural evolution of the NiFe 2 O 4 /Al 2 O 3 materials significantly.
Traffic handling and network capacity in multi-service networks (2002)

This paper describes the impact of traffic handling mechanisms on network capacity for support of quality of service (QoS) in multi-service networks. The choice of which traffic handling strategy to employ requires a methodology that can be used to capture the trade-off between the different schemes and this is the focus of this paper. One key result of this work is that on the basis of capacity requirements, there is no significant difference between class-based traffic handling and per-flow traffic handling.
Structure-Based Design, Docking and Binding Free Energy Calculations of A366 Derivatives as Spindlin1 Inhibitors (2021)

The chromatin reader protein Spindlin1 plays an important role in epigenetic regulation, through which it has been linked to several types of malignant tumors. In the current work, we report on the development of novel analogs of the previously published lead inhibitor <b>A366</b>. In an effort to improve the activity and explore the structure-activity relationship (SAR), a series of 21 derivatives was synthesized, tested in vitro, and investigated by means of molecular modeling tools. Docking studies and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed to analyze and rationalize the structural differences responsible for the Spindlin1 activity. The analysis of MD simulations shed light on the important interactions. Our study highlighted the main structural features that are required for Spindlin1 inhibitory activity, which include a positively charged pyrrolidine moiety embedded into the aromatic cage connected via a propyloxy linker to the 2-aminoindole core. Of the latter, the amidine group anchor the compounds into the pocket through salt bridge interactions with Asp184. Different protocols were tested to identify a fast in silico method that could help to discriminate between active and inactive compounds within the <b>A366</b> series. Rescoring the docking poses with MM-GBSA calculations was successful in this regard. Because <b>A366</b> is known to be a G9a inhibitor, the most active developed Spindlin1 inhibitors were also tested over G9a and GLP to verify the selectivity profile of the <b>A366</b> analogs. This resulted in the discovery of diverse selective compounds, among which <b>1s</b> and <b>1t</b> showed Spindlin1 activity in the nanomolar range and selectivity over G9a and GLP. Finally, future design hypotheses were suggested based on our findings.
Disorientation in Minimal Access Surgery: A Case Study (2000)

Navigating through minimal access surgical environments such as the human colon can be difficult, even for expert gastroenterologists. “Getting lost” is a common experience for endoscopists, especially within the tortuous sigmoid colon where salient landmarks are not generally available. This paper presents the concept of “getting lost” in endoscoppy as a loss of both global and local spatial orientation. For the endoscopist performing a colonoscopy, the consequence of local disorientation is an inability to continue the procedure, or possibly even injury to the patient, while consequences of global disorientation can be mistaking the location of a lesion, and/or incomplete examination, resulting in misdiagnosis. This study provides important insights into the physical and cognitive constraints of the task of navigating in colonoscopy, contributing to disorientation in the colon. The implications of our findings for the design of navigational aids and training tools are also discussed.
S-Aligner: Ultrascalable Read Mapping on Sunway Taihu Light (2017)

The availability and amount of sequenced genomes have been rapidly growing in recent years because of the adoption of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies that enable high-throughput short-read generation at highly competitive cost. Since this trend is expected to continue in the foreseeable future, the design and implementation of efficient and scalable NGS bioinformatics algorithms are important to research and industrial applications. In this paper, we introduce S-Aligner–a highly scalable read mapper designed for the Sunway Taihu Light supercomputer and its fourth-generationShenWei many-core architecture (SW26010). S-Aligner employs a combination of optimization techniques to overcome both the memory-bound and the compute-bound bottlenecks in the read mapping algorithm. In order to make full use of the compute power of Sunway Taihu Light, our design employs three levels of parallelism: (1) internode parallelism using MPI based on a task-grid pattern, (2) intranode parallelism using multithreading and asynchronous data transfer to fully utilize all 260 cores of the SW26010 many-core processor, and (3) vectorization to exploit the available 256-bit SIMD vector registers. Moreover, we have employed asynchronous access patterns and data-sharing strategies during file I/O to overcome bandwidth limitations of the network file system. Our performance evaluation demonstrates that S-Aligner scales almost linearly with approximately 95% efficiency for up to 13,312 nodes (concurrently harnessing more than 3 millioncompute cores). Furthermore, our implementation on a single node outperforms the established RazerS3 mapper running on a platform with eight Intel Xeon E7-8860v3 CPUs while achieving highly competitive alignment accuracy.
Microstructure Control in 3D Printing with Digital Light Processing (2019)

Abstract Digital light processing stereolithography is a promising technique for 3D printing. However, it offers little control over the surface appearance of the printed object. The printing process is typically layered, which leads to aliasing artefacts that affect surface appearance. An antialiasing option is to use greyscale pixel values in the layer images that we supply to the printer. This enables a kind of subvoxel growth control. We explore this concept and use it for editing surface microstructure. In other words, we modify the surface appearance of a printed object by applying a greyscale pattern to the surface voxels before sending the cross‐sectional layer images to the printer. We find that a smooth noise function is an excellent tool for varying surface roughness and for breaking the regularities that lead to aliasing. Conversely, we also present examples that introduce regularities to produce controlled anisotropic surface appearance. Our hope is that subvoxel growth control in stereolithography can lead 3D printing towards customizable surface appearance. The printing process adds what we call ground noise to the printed result. We suggest a way of modelling this ground noise to provide users with a tool for estimating a printer's ability to control surface reflectance.
CO-OPERATION OF IL-1 AND IL-2 ON T-CELL ACTIVATION IN MONONUCLEAR CELL CULTURES (2001)

In search of an optimized anti-cancer immunotherapy, the combination of IL-2 and IL-1 has been tried. In an in-vitro LAK model, this cytokine cocktail seemed to be quite promising. In our in-vitro model of IL-2 induced T-cell activation we have therefore investigated the co-operation of these two potent immunostimulators. Mononuclear cells were stimulated with CD3 activating antibody in the presence of different cytokines and blocking or neutralizing antibodies. Cytokine concentrations were detected in the supernatants with ELISA. Intracellular IFN-gamma and IL-4 in the different T-cell subsets was measured by flow cytometry. IL-1 and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) were up-regulated by IL-2, this was achieved independently of IL-12 or CD40/CD40L interaction. As a negative feedback mechanism, IL-1beta induced its natural antagonist, IL-1Ra. Both endogenous and exogenous IL-10 suppressed IL-1beta and induced IL-1Ra, thus markedly decreased the amount of functional IL-1. The combination of IL-2 and IL-1beta lead to a mildly increased Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) secretion (+20%, p < 0.05), however, this appeared to be the result of an increased IFN-gamma production per secreting cell, rather than of an increased recruitment of non-secreting cells. Similarly, IL-6 was also induced in an additive fashion (+30%, p < 0.05). For both cytokines, this effect could be significantly augmented by neutralizing IL-1Ra. Concentrations of IL-2 induced IL-10 and soluble Fas ligand (sFasL) were not affected by IL-1beta. We were thus able to demonstrate that IL-1 relays its activity through different pathways than IL-2. Furthermore, we could show that the potentially synergistic action of IL-2 and IL-1 was hindered by the simultaneous induction of signficant amounts of IL-1Ra. From the latter findings we conclude that the combination of IL-2 and IL-1 for cytokine-induced anti-tumor activity may not, but a combination of IL-2 and anti-IL-1Ra might prove beneficial.
Selection of comet missions - 1965-1986. (1966)

Comet missions, discussing spacecraft exploration criteria for short period and long period first- apparition comets
Effects of Antihypertensive Agents on Local Arterial Distensibility and Compliance (1995)

Distensibility and compliance are important vessel wall properties. Distensibility is related to elastic properties of the arterial wall, and compliance reflects the buffering function of the artery. Distensibility is a determinant of stress on the vessel wall. A decreased distensibility might increase the risk of arterial wall damage. Therefore, a preserved local distensibility might be important in protecting the arterial wall of each particular artery and especially of those arteries that are more susceptible to vascular disease. Local distensibility and compliance of various large arteries can be measured noninvasively with echo tracking techniques. Studies on local distensibility and compliance revealed that with the calcium antagonist verapamil and the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor perindopril arterial compliance increased mainly because of an increase in distensibility, with only a minor effect on arterial diameter. In contrast, the nitrate compound isosorbide dinitrate increased compliance mainly by increasing arterial diameter, without an increase in distensibility. This indicates that an increase in arterial compliance does not automatically imply an increase in arterial distensibility. The effect of antihypertensive drugs may also depend on the vascular territory. The diuretic amiloride/hydrochlorothiazide increased brachial artery compliance but not common carotid artery compliance. During angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition the effect on arterial compliance was smaller at the carotid than the femoral artery. However, the opposite held for the nitrate compound. These distinctive effects of antihypertensive drugs on arterial distensibility and compliance and on vascular territories may be relevant to pharmacological prevention and management of arterial disease.
The basis for medical therapy of fibromyalgia with growth hormone (2012)

Arthritis Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatic Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA *Address: Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatic Diseases, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, 2061 Cornell Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-5076, USA. Tel.: +1 (216) 844 7846; fax: +1 (216) 844 2288. E-mail address:[email protected]
Liver Lipid Accumulation and Performance of Hens as Affected by Cage Density and Initial Body Weight (1976)

Hens housed in individual cages (25 46 cm.) laid significantly more eggs, consumed significantly more feed and had significantly larger livers with a higher lipid content than hens housed three to a cage in two experiments. Body weight gain was significantly higher for individually housed birds in experiment 1, but not in experiment 2. No difference was observed in mean egg weight or kg. feed per dozen eggs. In experiment 2 hens housed two to a cage laid slightly fewer eggs and accumulated slightly less liver fat but the differences were not significantly different fromthose housed individually. Hens socially dominant in three bird pens had higher liver fat accumulation than hens lower on the peck order but liver fat accumulation for the dominant hens still averaged less than hens housed either two or one per cage. Comparison of two strains in experiment 1 revealed a significant difference in rate of egg production and feed efficiency but no difference in liver fat accumulation. Pullets placed in four body weight classes prior to the start of the experiment did not differ significantly in liver fat accumulation per unit of body weight or percentof dry matter of the liver at the end of the experiment. Rate of egg production and feed efficiency were also not significantly different among the body weight classes.
Combinatorial and High‐Throughput Screening of Biomaterials (2010)

Combinatorial and high-throughput methods have been increasingly used to accelerate research and development of new biomaterials. These methods involve creating miniaturized libraries that contain many specimens in one sample in the form of gradients or arrays, followed by automated data collection and analysis. This article reviews recent advances in utilizing combinatorial and high-throughput methods to better understand cell-material interactions, particularly highlighting our efforts at the NIST Polymers Division. Specifically, fabrication techniques to generate controlled surfaces (2D) and 3D cell environments (tissue engineering scaffolds) as well as methods to characterize and analyze material properties and cell-material interactions are described. In conclusion, additional opportunities for combinatorial methods for biomaterials research are noted, including streamlined sample fabrication and characterization, appropriate and automated bioassays, and data analysis.
On-fiber high-resolution photonic nanojets via high refractive index dielectrics (2022)

In this manuscript, we present high spatial resolution focusing of electromagnetic waves at telecommunication wavelengths (λ0 = 1.55 μm) by using high-refractive index mesoscale dielectrics placed at the end of an optical fiber. Our approach exploits photonic nanojets (PNJs) to achieve high-intensity, spatially narrow focal spots. The response of the device is evaluated in detail considering 2-dimensional (2D) and 3-dimensional (3D) configurations using high-index mesoscale cylindrical and spherical dielectrics, respectively, placed on top of an optical fiber. It is shown how the PNJs can be shifted towards the output surface of the mesoscale high-index dielectric by simply truncating its 2D/3D cylindrical/spherical output profile. With this setup, a PNJ with a high transversal resolution is obtained using the 2D/3D engineered mesoscale dielectric particles achieving a Full-Width at Half-Maximum of FWHM = 0.28λ0 (2D truncated dielectric), and FWHMy = 0.17λ0 and FWHMx = 0.21λ0 (3D truncated dielectric). The proposed structure may have potential in applications where near-field high spatial resolution is required, such as in sensing and imaging systems.
Studies on Insecticides. VI. Synthesis of Proline Derivatives. (1960)

In addition to 3-methyl-2(1H)-pyridone, 5-methyl-2(1H)-pyridone was also obtained as one of the products from treatment of 3-picoline 1-oxide with acetic anhydride. Two products derived from the above 2(1H)-pyridone derivatives were identified as 3, 3-dichloro-5-methyl-2-piperidone and 3-methyl-3-chloro-2-piperidone. 2-and 4-Methylproline were obtained from the above 2-piperidone derivatives.
Bugs, Baits, and Bureaucracy: Completing the First Termite Bait Efficacy Trials (Quarterly Replenishment of Noviflumuron) Initiated after Adoption of Florida Rule, Chapter 5E-2.0311 (2009)

Sixty-two termite colonies, representing Reticulitermes flavipes (kollar), R. virginicus (Banks), R. hageni Banks, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, were baited with 0.5% noviflumuron applied to in-ground stations at 24 buildings in Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, Tennessee, and Georgia from 2004 to 2007. Microsatellite DNA analysis was used to identify termite species and colonies. Half of the buildings were infested with termites at the start of baiting. The bait efficacy trials were the first started and completed after Rule 5E-2.0311, "Performance Standards and Acceptable Test Conditions for Preventive Termite Treatments for New Construction," was adopted in Florida. Noviflumuron (0.5%) bait, replenished quarterly, met all the performance standards of the rule and eliminated termite colonies, even if bait was depleted before replenishment, auxiliary stations were not baited, and extreme weather conditions occurred. All initially baited termite colonies infesting the properties were eliminated in <1 yr (range, 29–275 d). All infested buildings had structural infestations that were eliminated in <1 yr (range,62–266 d). No buildings showed structural infestation by termites for the remaining duration of the trials, >1 yr after the initial elimination of termite activity (range, 366–732 d). Significant differences in bait consumption and days to elimination by termite species were documented. More than half (54%) of the properties had new termite activity in monitoring stations after the first bait cycle. DNA analysis, which is not required by the regulations, confirmed that termites baited during subsequent bait cycles were new colonies that had not been baited during the first bait cycle. Without DNA analysis, regulators would have interpreted the sites with recurring activity in monitors by the same previously baited termite species as a failure of the bait to control initially baited colonies.
ChemInform Abstract: CLEAVAGE OF SILICON‐CARBON BONDS BY PLATINUM(II) COMPLEXES. II. REACTIONS OF VINYL‐, ALLYL‐, AND BUT‐3‐EN‐1‐YL‐TRIMETHYLSILANES (1976)

Abstract Durch die als erster Schritt erfolgende schnelle Koordination zwischen (I) und (II) wird die Si‐C‐Bindung so aktiviert, daß sie unter Bildung von (III) und (IV) aufgespalten wird.
Studies on the carriage and transmission of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus by individual houseflies ( Musca domestica ) (2004)

The objectives of the study were to determine the site of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in individual houseflies, to assess whether an individual housefly could transmit PRRSV to a susceptible pig, and to compare the ability of PCR, virus isolation and a pig bioassay to detect PRRSV in houseflies. In the first experiment 26 houseflies were fed on a pig infected experimentally with PRRSV; 13 were processed as a whole fly homogenate, while an exterior surface wash and a gut homogenate were collected from the other 13. Infectious PRRSV was recovered from nine of the whole fly homogenates, 12 of the gut homogenates and one of the exterior surface washes. In the second experiment, two of 10 individual houseflies, which had fed on an infected pig, transmitted PRRSV to a susceptible pig in a controlled manual transmission protocol. In the third experiment, single flies or pools of 30 flies were immersed in different concentrations of a PRRSV inoculum, then tested by PCR, virus isolation and bioassay. The virus was detected at a concentration of 10(1) TCID50/ml by PCR, 10(2) TCID50/ml by the bioassay and 10(3) TCID50/ml by virus isolation.
Tendinopathy in type 2 diabetes: a condition between specialties? (2018)

People with diabetes have a threefold increased risk of all musculoskeletal conditions, but are particularly vulnerable to tendon conditions, which are more treatment-resistant than in patients without diabetes.1,2 This is important as such problems can limit the opportunity to exercise as part of diabetes management.1 Discriminating between tendonitis and tendinopathy, conflicting evidence on treatment, and slow recovery can make these conditions challenging for GPs to manage. This article highlights key features of tendinopathy within diabetes and current evidence for treatment. Increased awareness may facilitate early diagnosis and improved outcome.

Up to 50% of people who drop out of exercise interventions for type 2 diabetes do so due to musculoskeletal symptoms.1 A significant proportion of these will be due to tendinopathy. Common manifestations are Achilles tendinopathy, rotator cuff syndrome, lateral epicondylitis, and trigger finger. Patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes have an increased risk of developing these conditions, although the mechanism for this is unclear.2 Symptoms can often last several months and cause considerable loss of function. Within the authors’ own practice, 18% of patients with diabetes have been affected in the past 5 years, with a mean symptom duration of 3 months. Approximately 5% of a GP diabetes caseload will develop tendinopathy annually.1 This compares with a background prevalence of approximately 2%.3

The nomenclature of tendon conditions is confusing. Tendonitis relates to acute …