gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the efficiency of physical visualizations (2013)

Data sculptures are an increasingly popular form of physical visualization whose purposes are essentially artistic, communicative or educational. But can physical visualizations help carry out actual information visualization tasks? We present the first infovis study comparing physical to on-screen visualizations. We focus on 3D visualizations, as these are common among physical visualizations but known to be problematic on computers. Taking 3D bar charts as an example, we show that moving visualizations to the physical world can improve users' efficiency at information retrieval tasks. In contrast, augmenting on-screen visualizations with stereoscopic rendering alone or with prop-based manipulation was of limited help. The efficiency of physical visualizations seems to stem from features that are unique to physical objects, such as their ability to be touched and their perfect visual realism. These findings provide empirical motivation for current research on fast digital fabrication and self-reconfiguring interfaces.
Reversal behavior of exchange-biased submicron dots (2005)

Nanostructured Fe dots were prepared on antiferromagnetic FeF2 thin films and investigated by magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE). We studied the influence of dot sizes on the magnetic hysteresis and compared the result with both continuous thin film bilayers and nanostructured Fe∕FeF2 pillars. Hysteresis loops were measured at temperatures below and above (10 and 90K, respectively) the Néel temperature of the antiferromagnet. A vortex state is found for dots of 300nm diameter, where the exchange bias field is reduced compared to larger dot system and the continuous bilayer. Micromagnetic simulations including the interaction with the antiferromagnet show qualitatively similar behavior.
Dynamique modale des lasers à semiconducteur (2003)

La dynamique modale des lasers à semiconducteur est le sujet de cette thèse. En particulier, nous présentons un nouveau type de dynamique caractérisée par des oscillations périodiques de l intensité modale et par une intensité totale d émission constante. Nous avons effectué une série de mesures systématiques sur une large gamme de lasers à puits quantiques (PQ) et nous avons vérifié que ces oscillations périodiques de l intensité modale sont une caractéristique générale de ce type de lasers. Nous avons déterminé pour quelle région de paramètres cette dynamique peut être observée et comment cette dernière change en modifiant les paramètres de contrôle externes (température et courant de pompage). Ce nouveau type de comportement dynamique est extrêmement robuste et insensible au bruit électrique et optique. Une large étude a été effectuée sur les conséquences de la rétroaction optique : des effets drastiques on été observés en fonction de l intensité et de la phase de la rétroaction. Nous avons comparé la statistique des lasers à semiconducteur à PQ avec celle des lasers massifs en mettant en évidence la différente nature physiques des dynamiques observées dans ces deux types de lasers. A l aide d un modèle théorique qui explique les observations expérimentales dans le laser à semiconducteur à PQ, nous montrons que le mécanisme dominant pour l apparition de la dynamique est le mélange à quatre ondes. L ordre d allumage est expliqué grâce à l asymétrie de la réponse optique du milieu semiconducteur.
Arginine‐based structures are specific inhibitors of cathepsin C (2000)

Novel synthetic peptide inhibitors of lysosomal cysteine proteinase cathepsin C have been designed through the use of soluble peptide combinatorial libraries. The uncovered structural inhibitory module consists of the N-terminal cluster of L-arginine residues. Its modification with D-amino acids or arginine derivatives did not increase the inhibition strength. Inhibitory potency of oligoarginines improves with the elongation of peptide chain reaching a maximum for octa-L-arginine. The oligoarginines specifically interact with the cathepsin C active site as shown by competitive-type inhibition kinetics (Ki approximately 10-5 M) and intrinsic fluorescence measurements. The inhibitory interaction of oligoarginines is established through the specific spatial contact of a net of guanidino groups in the arginine side-chains, as indicated by comparison with inhibitory action of low molecular mass guanidine derivatives (Ki approximately 10-3 M). Nonarginine polyionic compounds cannot mimic the inhibitory effect of oligoarginines. The arginine-based peptide inhibitors were selective towards cathepsin C among other cysteine proteinases tested.
Queens of Academe: Beauty Pageantry, Student Bodies, and College Life by Karen W. Tice (2014)

Tice, Karen W. Queens of Academe: Beauty Pageantry, Student Bodies, and College Life. New York : Oxford University Press, 2012. xi + 246 pages. Cloth, $24.95. One would be hard-pressed to find phenomenon that better exemplifies effects of class, race, sex, gender, religion or ethnicity on campus life than beauty pageant. A cursory analysis of present volume from gender studies specialist Karen W. Tice quickly reveals that large proportion of its content is drawn from experiences at historically black colleges and universities. This provides all-important and often neglected dimension of cultural comparison to this work. The norms established by dominant social groups in any society are obscured until they are held up to comparison with subordinate groups. Beauty has long been path of upward mobility for women, so college beauty pageantry could be manifestation of college women's consciousness of this path to higher social ground. Thus standards of etiquette and fashion that have been prevalent in pageantry are derived directly from middle classes' perceptions of upper classes to which they aspire. Ironically, members of upper class regard overt display of these social features as signs of striving and therefore declasse. So, as present volume points out, Harvard and Yale do not feature pageants for women (but) hold all-male pageants... that lampoon pageantry but outdraw audiences of all but most ardent pageant-sponsoring campuses (p. 95). As late as 1950, Miss America contestants had to certify that they were members of white race. African-American, Native American, Latina, and Asian-American women were barred from beauty pageants, even those on college campuses. A rare glimpse into more diverse future was offered by University of Hawaii, where in 1938 Miss Ka Palapala pageant began giving members of six ethnic groups chance to participate in a beautiful harmony...of spectrum of rainbow (p. 33). The special case of African-Americans in American history is reflected in many of traditions attached to beauty pageantry, not least telling of which is ideal of the strong black woman. This syndrome, Tice points out, makes apparently laudatory claim of strength, but also serves to rationalize great burdens, struggles, and suffering that black women are expected to bear. Because of their historical role in affirming traditional gender norms, campus beauty pageants have become platform for promoting post-modern gender constructions, which deconstruct naturalized gender identities. …
Engineering metal precipitate size distributions to enhance gettering in multicrystalline silicon (2012)

Abstract The extraction of metal impurities during phosphorus diffusion gettering (PDG) is one of the crucial process steps when fabricating high‐efficiency solar cells using low‐cost, lower‐purity silicon wafers. In this work, we show that for a given metal concentration, the size and density of metal silicide precipitates strongly influences the gettering efficacy. Different precipitate size distributions can be already found in silicon wafers grown by different techniques. In our experiment, however, the as‐grown distribution of precipitated metals in multicrystalline Si sister wafers is engineered through different annealing treatments in order to control for the concentration and distribution of other defects. A high density of small precipitates is formed during a homogenization step, and a lower density of larger precipitates is formed during extended annealing at 740 °C. After PDG, homogenized samples show a decreased interstitial iron concentration compared to as‐grown and ripened samples, in agreement with simulations.
OF THE BARIC INDEX FOR THE NORMAL BURNING VELOCITY OF GAS--AIR MIXTURES AND THE KINETICS OF TRIMOLECULAR REACTIONS IN A FLAME FRONT (1991)

Through numerical simulation of flame propagation through a methane-- and hydrogen -air mixture, with consideration given to the transfer and chemical reactions, we have investigated the relationship between the kinetics of trimolecular reactions and the baric index of the normal burning velocity. It has been demonstrated that the lower the constants of the trimolecular reaction rates, the higher the magnitude of the baric index_ In the case of methane the baric index, although it grows, it nevertheless remains negative, while in the case of hydrogen this index changes sign.
Factors in Sulfide Corrosion Cracking of High Strength Steels (1968)

Results of laboratory sulfide corrosion cracking tests on commercial steel alloys are presented. Emphasis is placed on effects of environmental factors, alloy composition and metallurgical variables. Environmental factors studied include pH in the range of 2 to 5, H2S partial pressures in the range 0.001 to 1.0 atmosphere and addition of sodium chloride. Twelve percent chromium stainless steels and low alloy steels containing more than 1 percent nickel, were found to have lower resistance to cracking at the same hardness level than low alloy steels normally used for oil field equipment. Plastic deformation of low alloy steels by cold rolling decreased the resistance to cracking.
One-Step Purification, Immobilization, and Stabilization of Poly-Histidine-Tagged Enzymes Using Metal Chelate-Epoxy Supports (2006)

In this chapter, the combined use of the selectivity of metal chelate affinity chromatography with the capacity of epoxy supports to immobilize poly-His-tagged proteins via multipoint covalent attachment is shown. This has been achieved by designing tailor-made chelate-epoxy supports. In order to selectively adsorb the poly-His-tagged proteins, a very small density of Me-chelate groups was introduced in the epoxy supports. This allows for the retention of most of the epoxy groups available to multipointly react with the proteins. To reach the maximum support-enzyme reaction, after the first covalent immobilization process, the derivatives were incubated at alkaline pH conditions—where the nucleophile groups of the protein are more reactive. This protocol allows for the creation of immobilized preparations containing almost pure poly-His-tagged enzymes, even when using crude extracts, and enzymes much more stable than soluble ones.
ChemInform Abstract: Products Derived from Oxidations of 3,4‐Dimethyl‐1‐phenylphosphole 1‐ Oxide: A 3‐Phenyl‐5,6‐dimethyl‐2,3‐oxaphosphabicyclo(2.2.2)octene 3‐ Oxide Derivative as a Precursor of Phenyl Metaphosphonic Anhydride. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
5.3-ps ECL and 71-GHz static frequency divider in self-aligned SEG SiGe HBT (2002)

An ECL gate with a delay time of 5.3 ps, the fastest yet reported for semiconductor technology, and based on a self-aligned SiGe HBT with an optimized SEG structure was developed. Maximum operating frequency of static frequency divider using this structure is up to 71 GHz.
Graft Copolymerization of Acrylic Acid onto Biomedical Polyvinyl Alcohol Initiated by Ce(IV)-Glucose Redox System: Part 2∗ (1996)

Abstract Graft copolymerization of acrylic acid onto polyvinyl alcohol was carried out using a Ce(IV)-glucose redox system in an aqueous sulfuric acid medium under nitrogen atmosphere. The optimum conditions for grafting were determined by studying the effects of concentrations of metal ion, glucose, monomer, and acid on the percentage of grafting. The graft yield was influenced by reaction time, temperature, the amount of polyvinyl alcohol, some organic solvents, and inorganic salts. More than 80% graft yield could be achieved with the. present system. A suitable kinetic scheme is proposed on the basis of experimental findings.
Publisher Correction: A 3D geological model of a structurally complex Alpine region as a basis for interdisciplinary research (2019)

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Transcriptome Profiling of Human Pre-Implantation Development (2009)

Our database and findings provide fundamental resources for understanding
Coulomb blockade in low-mobility nanometer size Si MOSFET’s (2000)

We investigate coherent transport in Si metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors with nominal gate lengths 50--100 nm and various widths at very low temperature. Independent of the geometry, localized states appear when $G\ensuremath{\simeq}{e}^{2}/h$ and transport is dominated by resonant tunnelling through a single quantum dot formed by an impurity potential. We find that the typical size of the relevant impurity quantum dot is comparable to the channel length and that the periodicity of the observed Coulomb blockade oscillations is roughly inversely proportional to the channel length. The spectrum of resonances and the nonlinear $I\ensuremath{-}V$ curves allow us to measure the charging energy and the mean level energy spacing for electrons in the localized state. Furthermore, we find that in the dielectric regime the variance $\mathrm{var}(\mathrm{lng})$ of the logarithmic conductance $\mathrm{lng}$ is proportional to its average value $〈\mathrm{lng}〉$ consistent with one-electron scaling models.
FDF-PAGE: a powerful technique revealing previously undetected small RNAs sequestered by complementary transcripts (2015)

Small RNAs, between 18nt and 30nt in length, are a diverse class of non-coding RNAs that mediate a range of cellular processes, from gene regulation to pathogen defense. They guide ribonucleoprotein complexes to their target nucleic acids by Watson-Crick base pairing. We report here that current techniques for small RNA detection and library generation are biased by formation of RNA duplexes. To address this problem, we established FDF-PAGE (fully-denaturing formaldehyde polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) to prevent annealing of sRNAs to their complement. By applying FDF-PAGE, we provide evidence that both strands of viral small RNA are present in near equimolar ratios, indicating that the predominant precursor is a long double-stranded RNA. Comparing non-denaturing conditions to FDF-PAGE uncovered extensive sequestration of miRNAs in model organisms and allowed us to identify candidate small RNAs under the control of competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs). By revealing the full repertoire of small RNAs, we can begin to create a better understanding of small RNA mediated interactions.
Fibrinogen degradation product fragment D increases endothelial monolayer permeability (1991)

We assessed the effects of the two primary high-molecular-weight fibrinogen degradation products (FDP), fragments D and E, on the pulmonary vascular endothelial barrier function. Fragments D and E were purified to homogeneity by QAE Sephadex chromatography followed by gel filtration. Incubation of bovine pulmonary artery endothelial monolayers with 0.5-2.0 microM fragment D for 2 h caused a doubling of transendothelial 125I-albumin clearance rate (a measure of 125I-albumin permeability). Fragment E only produced a 0.6-fold increase in 125I-albumin clearance rate at concentration of 4.0 microM. Both FDP remained active in incubating media with serum. The permeability-increasing effect of fragment D was reversible and was not due to cell detachment or lysis. The fragment-D effect was time dependent and was associated with redistribution of endothelial F-actin microfilaments. The effect was independent of the carboxy-terminal sequence on gamma-chain of fragment D. Fragments D and E binding to pulmonary artery endothelial cells was specific and reversible, but fragment D binding was three-fold greater than fragment E, which may account for the greater permeability increase mediated by fragment D. The results indicate that FDP, especially fragment D, increase endothelial permeability to albumin. The response involves specific binding of fragment D to endothelial cells and redistribution of intracellular actin.
Exxon Catalytic Coal Gasification Process Predevelopment Program. Final project report (1978)

This report summarizes the results of work conducted on Predevelopment Research for the Exxon Catalytic Coal Gasification Process. The eighteen-month effort (July 1976-December 1977) was a coordinated program which included operation of a continuous fluidized-bed gasifier, parallel bench-scale research, and engineering studies leading to the preparation of a commercial-scale plant study design and economics for producing SNG from Illinois coal.
Advanced tokamak profile evolution in DIII-D (2003)

Using off-axis electron cyclotron current drive (ECCD), self-consistent integrated advanced tokamak operation has been demonstrated on DIII-D [Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research, 1986 (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1987), Vol. I, p. 159], combining high β (&amp;gt;3%) at high q (qmin&amp;gt;2.0) with good energy confinement (H89∼2.5) and high noninductive current fraction (fBS∼55%,fNI∼90%). Modification of the current profile by ECCD led to internal transport barrier formation even in the presence of type I edge localized modes. Improvements were observed in all transport channels, and increased peaking of profiles led to higher bootstrap current in the core. Separate experiments have shown the ability to maintain a nearly steady-state current profile for up to 1 s with qmin&amp;gt;1.5. Modeling indicates that this favorable current profile can be maintained indefinitely at a higher βN using tools available to the near-term DIII-D program. Modeling and simulation have become essential tools for the experimental program in interpreting the data and developing detail plans for new experiments.
Cesarean Scar Imaging and Prediction of Subsequent Obstetric Complications (2012)

It has long been hoped that cesarean hysterotomy scar imaging data could predict obstetric complications in subsequent pregnancies with sufficient precision to be used for clinical decision-making. Although large visualized defects in nonpregnant uteri, and thinning of the lower uterine segment late in subsequent pregnancies, may be associated with increased risk of uterine rupture, the paucity of available clinical correlation data still preclude any clinical utility. There is an ongoing need for prospective adequately powered registries that include clinical factors related to the previous cesarean deliveries that can inform subsequent practice decisions.
[Analysis of LIU Zhang-jie's acupuncture academic thoughts: an outstanding follower of Chengjiang acupuncture school]. (2012)

Mr. LIU Zhang-jie, one of the disciples of CHENG Dan-an who is considered as the initiator of the Chengjiang acupuncture school, is a famous acupuncturist in Fujian Province. With the collection and arrangement of Mr. LIU's literatures, medical records, books and interview of his student. ZHANG Yong-shu, Mr. LIU's academic characteristics are analyzed and summarized in this paper, mainly including being focused on finger power and manipulating without pain; being good at direct moxibustion to elevate yang-qi and drive out evil spirits; highlighting meridian syndrome differentiation and combined use of the four diagnostic methods; each disease has its own pathogeny, eliminating pathogen is the key; valuing the curative effect with flexible apply of acupuncture and Chinese medicine. In a word, Mr. LIU, who inherited the school's scholarism and developed it into next level, is one of Chengjiang acupuncture school's representative figures.
Corrigenda (1969)

T. Natsuume, Y. Akana, K. Tanabe, M. Fujimatsu, M. Shimizu, Y. Shirota, H. Hirata, K. Kusabayashi, H. Mikawa, S. D. Ibekwe, B. T. Kilbourn, U. A. Raeburn and D. R. Russell, J. Chem. Soc. D, 1969, 938 DOI: 10.1039/C29690000938
Enyne Ring-rearrangement/Cross-metathesisReactions of Cyclic Enones (2003)

The use of efficient ring rearrangement metathesis reactions of cyclic enones involving cross-metathesis is reported. The resulting trienes from these reactions are substrates for intramolecular Diels-Alder cycloaddition reactions. Thus, the synthesis of highly stereoselective fused tricyclic products in four distinct steps is achieved.
Interactive Visualization of Generalized Virtual 3D City Models using Level‐of‐Abstraction Transitions (2012)

Abstract Virtual 3D city models play an important role in the communication of complex geospatial information in a growing number of applications, such as urban planning, navigation, tourist information, and disaster management. In general, homogeneous graphic styles are used for visualization. For instance, photorealism is suitable for detailed presentations, and non‐photorealism or abstract stylization is used to facilitate guidance of a viewer's gaze to prioritized information. However, to adapt visualization to different contexts and contents and to support saliency‐guided visualization based on user interaction or dynamically changing thematic information, a combination of different graphic styles is necessary. Design and implementation of such combined graphic styles pose a number of challenges, specifically from the perspective of real‐time 3D visualization. In this paper, the authors present a concept and an implementation of a system that enables different presentation styles, their seamless integration within a single view, and parametrized transitions between them, which are defined according to tasks, camera view, and image resolution. The paper outlines potential usage scenarios and application fields together with a performance evaluation of the implementation.
Advantage of Head-Up Display for Automobiles (2018)

In this paper, we evaluate a harmful influence on normal driving behavior of Head-Up Display (HUD). It is one of major concerns in the latest HUD development. We confirmed whether inter-vehicle distance varies depending on HUD display by monitoring a distance between driving vehicle and one in front when the vehicle is stopped. The result shows that HUD indication does not influence the inter-vehicle distance when stopping on the general road. Therefore, it can be concluded that the concern in the latest HUD does not hamper its advantage.