gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Constraining Geomechanical Model Development by Utilizing Microseismic Derived Fracture Characteristics (2015)

Summary Geomechanical modelling of hydraulic stimulations requires data to build and calibrate models to predict decline curves and other aspects of long-term reservoir performance. The initialization of these models requires knowledge of the pre-existing fractures and geological properties of the media. Orientations of different fracture sets, their intensities and spacing together with a characterization of their size scales (power law) critically impacts geomechanical predictions of both the stimulations in terms of proppant and fluid placement, but also the decline of reservoir productivity. Insight can be gained on the properties of the fracture network through analysis of the microseismic data generated during the stimulation. The frequency response of the waveforms depends on the size of the rupture and necessitates wide band recording in order to provide constraints at a variety of scales. Supplementing low frequency sensors with traditional monitoring high frequency sensors extends the resolvable range to larger scale lengths of fractures. For all these scales, with a sufficient sampling of azimuths around the stimulation, the mechanisms and associated fracture planes and stress/strain conditions can be reconstructed though seismic moment tensor inversion (SMTI) of the recorded waveforms. At smaller scale lengths, signal to noise ratios can be high, and events may not be observed at high enough quality to permit SMTI. To extend the characterization of these fractures to smaller scales, we use a stochastic optimization algorithm designed to search for optimally placed fractures in the reservoir that intersect with the event locations while constraining their orientations to be from the same distribution observed at the larger (SMTI resolvable) length scales. Effectively, this technique allows for the extension of the power law governing the fracture distribution to smaller scales by invoking observed trends in self-similar behavior. In turn, characterization of the wider band of fractures in the reservoir provides necessary inputs into geomechanical models to predict the fluid and proppant distributions from the full band of generated microseismicity as well as long-term behaviour of the reservoir though decline curve estimation.
Nonstructural Protein-2 and the Replication of Canine Parvovirus (1998)

The nonstructural protein-2 (NS2) of canine parvovirus (CPV) is produced from the left-hand open reading frame of the viral genome and contains 87 amino-terminal amino acids in common with nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) joined to 78 amino acids from an alternative open reading frame. In the minute virus of mice parvovirus NS2 plays a role in controlling capsid protein assembly and translation in a host-specific manner. The predicted NS2 of CPV is divergent from the proteins of the rodent parvoviruses, and the protein and its functions have not been described. We characterized the large and the small splices of CPV using reverse transcriptase-PCR, NS2 was identified using anti-peptide antibodies against the predicted C-terminal sequence and also by expressing the protein from a plasmid vector. The protein could be detected at low levels in the nucleus and the cytoplasm of a proportion of CPV-infected cells, as well as in cells transfected with the expression plasmid. Virus genomes were prepared with mutations in the splice donor or acceptor sites of the NS2-specific intron or with three different termination codons in the NS2-unique exon. Both splice donor and acceptor mutations resulted in the use of previously cryptic splice sites, and the virus containing the splice donor mutation replicated inefficiently. However, the other four mutant viruses were all viable and replicated efficiently in cat and dog cells, and two mutant viruses that were tested appeared to assemble their capsids in the same manner as did the wildtype. After inoculation of dogs an NS2 mutant virus with a termination codon in the NS2-unique exon replicated to titers similar to those seen for wildtype CPV in several tissues examined.
Predictors of operative time during radical retropubic prostatectomy and robot‐assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (2017)

Overall, several factors seem to be associated with quantifiable changes in operative time. If confirmed in future studies, these findings can allow for a more precise estimate of operative time, which could decrease the overall cost to the patient and hospital by aiding in operating room time management.
Space-Time Correlated Mobile-to-Mobile Channels: Modelling and Simulation (2008)

A single- and double-bounced two-ring parametric reference model is proposed for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) mobile-to-mobile (M-to-M) Ricean fading channels. From this model, a closed-form joint space-time correlation function and a space-Doppler power spectrum are derived for a two-dimensional (2D) non-isotropic scattering environment. Also, space-time correlation functions for the in-phase and quadrature components of the complex faded envelope are derived, assuming a 2D isotropic scattering environment. Finally, two new sum-of-sinusoids based simulation models for MIMO M-to-M Ricean fading channels are proposed. The statistics of the simulation models are verified by simulation. The results show that the simulation models are a good approximation of the reference model and that they outperform existing simulation models.
Accuracy of body composition measurement techniques across the age span (2022)

This study investigated the acceptable accuracy of common body composition techniques compared with the reference 4-compartment (4C-R) model, which has not been investigated in a sample with diverse characteristics, including age and sex. Techniques included components of the 4C-R model [dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, air displacement plethysmography, deuterium dilution (DD)] and surrogate compartment models, which utilised bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIS) rather than DD. Men and women (sex = 1:1, 18-85 years, <i>n</i> = 90) completed body composition testing under best-practice guidance. For measurement of individuals, only the reference 3-compartment (3C-R) equation met acceptable error limits (<5% error among individuals) within the a priori cut-point (80%) for fat-free mass (FFM; CV = 0.52%) and fat mass (FM; CV = 1.61%). However, all investigated techniques reached equivalency to the 4C-R model for FFM on average (CV = 0.52-4.31%), but for FM only the 3C and 4C equations that included quantification of total body water (TBW) by DD or BIS reached equivalency overall (CV = 1.61-6.68%). Sex and age minimally influenced accuracy. Only the 3C-R or 4C-R equations are supported for acceptable individual accuracy for both FFM and FM. For group estimates any investigated technique could be used with acceptable accuracy for FFM; however, for FM, inclusion of TBW measurement within a compartment model is necessary. <b>Novelty:</b> Only the referent 3C and 4C models (including deuterium dilution) provide accurate body composition results that are acceptable for measurement of individuals in the general population. For group estimates of lean mass in the general population, compartments models that include TBW must be used for accurate measurement.
Optical Imaging of Treatment-Related Tumor Cell Death Using a Heat Shock Protein-90 Alkylator (2013)

The ability to assess in near-real time the tumor cell killing efficacy of chemotherapy regimens would improve patient treatment and survival. An ineffective regimen could be abandoned early in favor of a more effective treatment. We sought to noninvasively image treatment-related tumor cell death in mice using an optically labeled synthetic heat shock protein-90 (Hsp90) alkylator, 4-(N-(S-glutathionylacetyl)amino)phenylarsonous acid (GSAO). The Hsp90 chaperone is an important element in oncogene addiction and tumor cell survival, and its expression is enhanced by chemotherapy. These factors were predicted to favor the detection of tumor cell death using GSAO. GSAO specifically labeled apoptotic and necrotic tumor cells in culture and cells of comparable morphology in subcutaneous human pancreatic carcinoma tumors in mice. A near-infrared fluorescent conjugate of GSAO was used to noninvasively image cyclophosphamide-induced tumor cell death in murine orthotopic human mammary tumors. The GSAO conjugate did not accumulate in healthy organs or tissues in the mouse, and unbound compound was excreted rapidly via the kidneys. There was a significant increase in the GSAO fluorescence signal in the treated tumors measured either in vivo or ex vivo, and the fluorescence signal colocalized with apoptotic cells in sectioned tumors. The favorable biodistribution of optically labeled GSAO, the nature of its tumor cell target, and its capacity to noninvasively detect tumor cell death should facilitate the application of this compound in studies of the efficacy of existing and new chemotherapeutics.
Experiments on the instability waves in a supersonic jet and their acoustic radiation (1975)

An experimental investigation of the instability and the acoustic radiation of the low Reynolds number axisymmetric supersonic jet has been performed. Hot-wire measurements in the flow field and microphone measurements in the acoustic field were obtained from different size jets at Mach numbers of about 2. The Reynolds number ranged from 8000 to 107000, which contrasts with a Reynolds number of 1·3 × 10 6 for similar jets exhausting into atmospheric pressure. Hot-wire measurements indicate that the instability process in the perfectly expanded jet consists of numerous discrete frequency modes around a Strouhal number of 0·18. The waves grow almost exponentially and propagate downstream at a supersonic velocity with respect to the surrounding air. Measurements of the wavelength and wave speed of the St = 0·18 oscillation agree closely with Tam's theoretical predictions. Microphone measurements have shown that the wavelength, wave orientation and frequency of the acoustic radiation generated by the dominant instability agree with the Mach wave concept. The sound pressure levels measured in the low Reynolds number jet extrapolate to values approaching the noise levels measured by other experimenters in high Reynolds number jets. These measurements provide more evidence that the dominant noise generation mechanism in high Reynolds number jets is the large-scale instability.
Accuracy Analysis of Kinematic SBAS Surveying (2008)

Space-Based Augmentation System (SBAS), which is one of the GPS augmentation systems, is a Wide-Area Differential GPS that provides differential GPS corrections and integrity data. In this study, we did performance analysis of kinematic SBAS surveying by conducting Real-Time Kinematic (RTK), DGPS, standalone, and SBAS surveys. Considering static survey results as truth, 2-D Root Mean Square (RMS) error and 3-D RMS error were computed to evaluate the positioning accuracy of each survey method. As a result, the 3-D positioning error of RTK was 13.1cm, DGPS 126.0cm, standalone (L1/L2) 135.7cm, standalone (C/A) 428.9cm, and SBAS 109.2cm. The results showed that the positioning accuracy of SBAS was comparable to that of DGPS.
All-optical heterodyne RF signal generation using a mode-locked-laser frequency comb: theory and experiments (2002)

Theoretical and experimental investigations are presented for a technique to synthesize signals with high phase stability from 1 GHz to 94 GHz by injection-locking two DFB diode lasers to individual modes of an actively mode-locked laser. An application is demonstrated in a photonic frequency-converting system at frequencies up to 94 GHz.
Determining the Electronic Signature of Infection in Electronic Health Record Data (2021)

Published criteria have a wide range of accuracy for identifying infected patients, with the Sepsis-3 criteria being the most sensitive and Rhee criteria being the most specific. These findings have important implications for studies investigating the burden of sepsis on a local and national level.
Taxonomic Importance of Microconidial Chains in Fusarium Section Liseola and Effects of Water Potential on Their Formation (1983)

Microconidial chains in three Fusarium species of the Section Liseola that produce them (F. moniliforme, F. proliferatum and F. annulatum) increased in abundance and length as the water potential of the medium decreased. An optimal enhancing effect was obtained with water agar containing 4–8 g/l of KCl (0.053 to 0.107 M). At KCl concentrations of 32 g/l (0.427 M) and higher, growth as well as microconidial chain formation was inhibited. Isolates representing the “short-chained” type of F. moniliforme (=F.fujikuroi) were indistinguishable from F. moniliforme on water agar containing 8 g/l of KCl. The formation of microconidial chains was not induced in two species of the Section Liseola that are known not to produce them (F. subglutinans and F. anthophilum). The presence or absence of microconidial chains is, therefore, a reliable taxonomic criterion in Fusarium Section Liseola. Carnation leaf agar containing 4–8 g/l of KCl is recommended for the identification of these Fusarium species.
Intraocular retinal prosthesis (2006)

Retinal prostheses have the potential to restore some level of visual function to blind individuals. While visual prosthetic devices for the optic nerve and visual cortex also have potential application, the retinal approach offers the advantage of relatively accessible retinal neurons in the back of the eye. Biological studies have demonstrated biocompatibility of implantation and stimulation and have investigated retinal response to stimulation. Recent clinical trials have shown that a prototype epiretinal implant, despite having few electrodes contacting the retina, still allows test subjects to perform simple visual tasks. Ongoing engineering research is focusing on the fabrication of a high-resolution implant
Synthesis of Antibodies‐Conjugated Fluorescent Dye‐Doped Silica Nanoparticles for a Rapid Single Step Detection of Campylobacter jejuni in Live Poultry (2012)

The preparation of antibodies‐conjugated fluorescent dye‐doped silica nanoparticles (FDS‐NPs) was developed to detect Campylobacter jejuni cells under a fluorescence microscope. The particles prepared by sol‐gel microemulsion techniques have a round shape with an average size of 43 ± 4 nm. They were highly photo stable and could emit strong orange fluorescent for 60 min. Both amine‐ and carboxyl‐functionalized properties were evident from FTIR and FT Raman spectra. The FDS‐NPs conjugated with antibodies against C. jejuni were well dispersed in PBS solution at 20 mM of NaCl. The conjugation with monoclonal antibodies against C. jejuni was successful. The direct observation of the antibodies‐conjugated FDS‐NPs‐ that bounds C. jejuni with Petroff Hausser counting chamber at 40x was clear. The different focus lengths clearly separated bound and unbound FDS‐NPs under the microscope. We successfully synthesis the bio‐conjugated dye doped silica nanoparticles for C. jejuni that are easy to use and giving clear detection in due time.
Multiomics Evaluation of Human Fat-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on an Osteobiologic Nanocomposite (2020)

Effective graft technologies for bone repair have been a primary focus in the field of bone tissue engineering. We have previously fabricated and examined a nanocomposite composed of polyurethane, nano-hydroxyapatite, and decellularized bone particles, which demonstrated osteobiologic characteristics. To evaluate the underlying mechanisms of this biomaterial, human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell seeded scaffolds were assessed using a combinatorial approach of transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses. Data from osteogenic and signal transduction polymerase chain reaction arrays and small molecule abundances, measured through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, were cross-examined using Integrated Molecular Pathway Level Analysis, Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery, and ConsensusPathDB online tools to generate a fundamental collection of scaffold-influenced pathways. Results demonstrated upregulation of key osteogenic, cellular adhesion cell signaling markers and indicated that Hedgehog and Wnt signaling pathways were primary candidates for the osteobiologic mechanisms of the scaffold design. The detection of complimentary metabolites, such as ascorbate, further indicates that scaffolds generate intricate cellular environments, promoting cell attachment and subsequent osteodifferentiation.
Flow Boiling Heat Transfer Characteristics of a Minichannel Up to Dryout Condition (2009)

In this paper the experimental flow boiling heat transfer results of a minichannel are presented. A series of experiments was conducted to measure the heat transfer coefficients in a minichannel made of stainless steel (AISI 316) having an internal diameter of 1.7mm and a uniformly heated length of 220mm. R134a was used as working fluid and experiments were performed at two different system pressures corresponding to saturation temperatures of 27 °C and 32 °C. Mass flux was varied from 50 kg/m2 s to 600 kg/m2 s and heat flux ranged from 2kW/m2 to 156kW/m2. The test section was heated directly using a DC power supply. The direct heating of the channel ensured uniform heating and heating was continued until dry out was reached. The experimental results show that the heat transfer coefficient increases with imposed wall heat flux while mass flux and vapour quality have no considerable effect. Increasing the system pressure slightly enhances the heat transfer coefficient. The heat transfer coefficient is reduced as dryout is reached. It is observed that dryout phenomenon is accompanied with fluctuations and a larger standard deviation in outer wall temperatures.
Wnt-1 -Inducing Factor-1: a Novel G/C Box-Binding Transcription Factor Regulating the Expression of Wnt-1 during Neuroectodermal Differentiation (1993)

The Wnt-1 proto-oncogene is essential for proper development of the midbrain and is expressed in a spatially and temporally restricted manner during central nervous system development in mice. In vitro, the gene is specifically transcribed during the retinoic acid (RA)-induced neuroectodermal differentiation of the P19 line of embryonal carcinoma cells. The P19 cells differentiate into neurons, astrocytes, and fibroblast-like cells when treated with RA. Treatment of the cells with dimethyl sulfoxide leads to differentiation along mesodermal lineages, including skeletal and cardiac muscle. We have used the P19 cell line to study the Wnt-1 promoter and identify and characterize the transcription factor(s) that regulates the differentiation-specific transcription of Wnt-1 in RA-treated P19 cultures. Transient-transfection assays have revealed that a 230-bp region comprising positions -278 to -47 of the 5' upstream Wnt-1 sequence was sufficient to direct RA-specific transcription. This promoter fragment was shown to contain a binding site for a nuclear factor that was not detected in undifferentiated P19 stem cells or their dimethyl sulfoxide-treated derivatives but was induced in differentiating RA-treated cells. This factor was termed Wnt-1-inducing factor-1 (WiF-1). DNase I footprinting analysis has identified the G/C-rich WiF-1 binding site, and UV cross-linking studies have shown that WiF-1 is a protein with an M(r) of 65,000. WiF-1 binding activity was also detected in postpubertal mouse testis, the only tissue that expresses Wnt-1 in adults. Site-directed mutations that inhibited WiF-1 binding to the Wnt-1 promoter concomitantly abolished the activity of the promoter in RA-treated P19 cells. The active WiF-1 protein was purified by DNA affinity chromatography. Our data suggest that WiF-1 is a novel G/C box-binding transcription factor and support a physiological role for WiF-1 in the developmentally regulated expression of Wnt-1.
Models for erectile dysfunction and their importance to novel drug discovery (2015)

Animal models have been instrumental in the discovery of the current therapeutic agents. Advances in molecular biology and proteomics have uncovered many novel potential targets including tissue regeneration and stem cell applications. Rodent models are the current animal model of choice for ED research due to lower cost, well-established modeling protocol, and the ability to manipulate genetically. Future clinical trials should directly assess the translatability of these animal models to humans as well as the safety risks and long-term efficacy that the results generate.
GALO: A DEPLOYABLE FRAMEWORK FOR PROVIDING BETTER THAN BEST-EFFORT QUALITY OF SERVICE (2006)

In this paper we propose a deployable approach to improving QoS by using a generic, extendable, overlay architecture; the Generalized Application Layer Overlay (GALO). The goals of this work are to 1) create an overlay architecture which allows us to sample specific path quality metrics among different paths; 2) utilize the proposed overlay architecture in order to implement our proposed QoS-based routing schemes, Application Layer Switching (ALSW) and Application Layer Striping (ALST). Perhaps the most significant contribution of this research is that we are able to achieve better than best-effort QoS without modifying intermediate nodes (i.e., routers), thus encouraging immediate deployment. Additionally, this research is performed on an actual wide area network (WAN) testbed, comprised of universities across the nation. Also, we assemble this architecture as a peer-to-peer framework, encouraging collaborating individuals with average workstations to improve the QoS of their traffic.
ChemInform Abstract: Design and Synthesis of 6‐(6‐D‐Ribitylamino‐2,4‐dihydroxypyrimidin‐5‐yl)‐1‐hexylphosphonic Acid, a Potent Inhibitor of Lumazine Synthase. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Optimizing E-tailer Profits and Customer Savings: Pricing Multistage Customized Online Bundles (2011)

Online retailing provides an opportunity for new pricing options that are not feasible in traditional retail settings. This paper proposes an interactive, dynamic pricing strategy from the perspective of customized bundling to derive savings for customers while maximizing profits for electronic retailers (“e-tailers”). Given product costs, posted prices, shipping fees, and customers' reservation prices, we propose a nonlinear mixed-integer programming model to increase e-tailers' profits by sequentially pricing customized bundles. The model is flexible in terms of the number and variety of products customers may choose to incorporate during the various stages of their online shopping. Our computational study suggests that the proposed model not only attracts more customers to purchase the discounted bundle but also noticeably increases profits for e-tailers. This online dynamic bundle pricing model is robust under various bundle sizes and scenarios. It improves e-tailer profit and customer savings the most when facing divergent views about product values, lower budgets, and higher cost ratios.
Endorphin involvments during hypnotic analgesia in chronic pain patients (1981)

aDepartments of Anaesthesiology, Samariterhemmet, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden bDepartments of Pharmacology, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
Overexpression of muscle lipoprotein lipase and insulin sensitivity (2002)

The mouse model of muscle-specific lipoprotein lipase overexpression allows closer examination of increased free fatty acid delivery to the muscle and of effects on insulin sensitivity. Further study of this model may provide additional insight into the role that lipids play in the development of insulin resistance, and may possibly help to identify novel approaches to prevention or treatment.