gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Amplified ribosomal RNA genes in a rat hepatoma cell line are enriched in 5-methylcytosine. (1981)

In a rat hepatoma cell line, H4-IIE-C3, a 10-fold excess of 18S and 28S rRNA genes has been found in amplified chromosome regions. Antibodies to 5-methylcytidine bound extensively to the DNA of these regions, indicating a high level of DNA methylation. Most of the amplified rRNA genes were transcriptionally inactive, as shown by their failure to stain with silver. DNAs from the tumor cells and control rat hepatocytes grown with L-[methyl-14C]methionine were digested with restriction endonuclease EcoRI; the DNA fragments were separated by agarose gel electrophoresis, denatured, transferred to nitrocellulose filters, and hybridized to 32P-labeled rRNA or cDNA. Fragments containing the 18S or 28S rRNA coding sequences occurred in three major size classes; all three were rich in 5-methylcytosine. Analysis of EcoRI fragments of DNA from the tumor and control cells after digestion with Hpa II or Msp I endonuclease indicated that the 5'-C-C-G-G-3' sequences in most of the amplified rRNA genes were methylated. Analysis of the fragments produced by digestion with Hha I endonuclease indicated a high degree of methylation within its recognition sequence in the amplified rRNA genes as well. The association of hypermethylation with restricted transcriptional activity suggests that DNA methylation may regulate the activity of the rRNA genes.
Copolymerization of Styrene with Butadiene and Isoprene Catalyzed by the Monocyclopentadienyl Titanium Complex Ti(η5-C5H5)(η2-MBMP)Cl (2007)

Polymerization of butadiene, isoprene, and styrene was investigated using the catalyst Ti(η5-C5H5)(η2-MBMP)Cl (1) (MBMP = 2,2‘-methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenoxo)) activated with methylaluminoxane (MAO). Syndiotactic polystyrene and cis-1,4-polybutadiene were obtained at 50 °C, similarly to other monocyclopentadienyl titanium catalysts previously reported. On the contrary, the 1/MAO catalyst resulted extremely active in isoprene polymerization, producing polymers with mainly cis-1,4 structure and containing head-to-head and tail-to-tail enchainments of the monomer units in a molar concentration of 21.5%. Binary copolymerization of styrene with butadiene yielded block copolymers containing segments of cis-1,4-polybutadiene and crystalline syndiotactic polystyrene. The reactivity ratios r1 = 70 and r2 = 1.2 determined by NMR methods confirmed the blocky distribution of the monomers in the copolymer chain. The AFM of copolymers rich in styrene (xS = 0.77−0.81) showed a microphase separation of polybutadiene domains in micrometric scale (average radius 800 nm). Novel copolymers of styrene with isoprene were synthesized using the 1/MAO catalyst. The 13C NMR chemical shifts of the carbon atoms diagnostic of the different monomer diads and triads were predicted and assigned using properly calculated additive shift factors. The reactivity ratios r1 = 18 and r2 = 0.3 were evaluated by means of NMR methods. Despite the syndiotactic arrangement of the styrene homosequences, the styrene-co-isoprene polymers are completely soluble in organic solvents and completely amorphous also at high styrene concentration.
Supplementary Data from Long-term Stability of Demethylation after Transient Exposure to 5-Aza-2′-Deoxycytidine Correlates with Sustained RNA Polymerase II Occupancy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figures S1-S3 and Supplementary Table S1.&lt;/p&gt;
Observation of hapa breeding technique of striped snakehead, Channa striatus (Bloch, 1793) under captive conditions (2016)

Hapa breeding of Channa striatus was investigated to address the low-cost seed production technique. The brood fish candidates of C. stratus were collected from wild sources for captive broodstock development in a pond. The present study was conducted with three treatments where pituitary gland (PG) hormone extract was used in treatment-1; Ovupin (compound S-GnRHa) hormone was used in treatment-2 and no inducing agent was used in treatment-3 (control). The ready brood fishes of C. striatus were selected from captive broodstock pond and the fishes were induced with PG and ovupin hormone. PG was used in two doses for female fish viz. 2.0 mg/kg (1st injection) and 6.0 mg/kg (2nd injection) and one dose of 2.0 mg/kg for male. Ovupin was used at the rate of 0.5 and 1.0 ml/kg in 1st and 2nd dose for female, respectively where single dose 0.5 ml/kg was used for male. It is indicated that the ovupin hormone treatment was performed better for hapa breeding of C. striatus where spawning, fertilization and hatching rate was observed 100%, 59.5% and 67.5%, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: SULFUR ANALOGS OF PSYCHOTOMIMETIC AMINES (1977)

Abstract Das bei der Addition von Natriumthiosulfat an Benzochinon (I) entstehende Hydrochinon (II) wird in konzentrierter Salzsäure mit Zinkstaub zu 2,5‐Dihydroxythiophenol (III) reduziert.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Phosphinic Acid Transition State Analogues for the Reaction Catalyzed by Kynureninase. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Supplementary Table S1 from Activation Status of the Pregnane X Receptor Influences Vemurafenib Availability in Humanized Mouse Models (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Apparent kinetic parameters of formation of OH-vemurafenib.&lt;/p&gt;
Gold‐Catalyzed Heterogeneous Aerobic Dehydrogenative Amination of α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes to Enaminals (2013)

Although enaminals (β-enaminals) are very important compounds and have been utilized as useful synthons for various important compounds, they have been synthesized through non-green and/or limited procedures until now. Herein, we have successfully developed a green synthetic procedure using a heterogeneous catalyst. In the presence of gold nanoparticles supported on manganese-oxide-based octahedral molecular sieves OMS-2 (Au/OMS-2), dehydrogenative amination of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes with amines proceeded efficiently, with the corresponding enaminals isolated in moderate to high yields (50-97 %). The catalysis was truly heterogeneous, and Au/OMS-2 could be reused. Furthermore, the formal Wacker-type oxidation of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes to enaminones has been realized.
Design of fast-prunable S-random interleavers (2005)

In this paper, a technique to obtain good prunable S-random interleavers to be used in parallel and serially concatenated codes with interleavers is proposed: The new design is based on an algorithm to extend the interleaver size in a wide interval of values, while keeping good spreading properties in the whole range. Then, a modified pruning technique to be used for this class of interleavers is proposed: It is shown that it produces good interleavers also when applied to nonprunable S-random permutations. Results are given in terms of spreading parameters, obtainable free distance of the actual codes, and simulated frame-error probabilities. They show that the designed interleavers behave in the whole size range as optimally designed interleavers for each size. Different pruning algorithms are described and their complexity, crucial for their feasibility, is analyzed. Finally, the tradeoffs between area savings and complexity are discussed in a realistic example.
Psychobiologic Mechanisms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (1993)

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an illness of considerable prevalence, often characterized by high morbidity, treatment resistance, and a chronic course. The core symptoms of PTSD include persistent reexperiencing of the traumatic event, avoidance of stimuli associated with the trauma, and autonomic hyperarousal. We propose several neurobiologic mechanisms that may account for these primary symptoms of PTSD. Preclinical investigations of the effects of stress on learning and memory processes suggest that fear conditioning, behavioral sensitization, and a failure of extinction may be important in the persistence and reexperiencing of traumatic memories and stressor sensitivity. The pathophysiology of PTSD may involve dysfunction of several brain structures, particularly the amygdala, locus coeruleus, and hippocampus, as well as noradrenergic, dopamine, opiate, and corticotropinreleasing factor neurochemical systems. Acutely, severe psychological trauma results in the parallel activation of these systems, producing an array of adaptive behavioral and physiologic responses necessary for survival. In PTSD, however,
Near-Infrared Optical Imaging of Integrin αvβ3 in Human Tumor Xenografts (2004)

In vivo optical imaging is potentially useful for evaluating the presence of tumor markers that are targets of molecular medicine. Here we report the synthesis and characterization of integrin alphavbeta3-targeted peptide cyclo(Lys-Arg-Gly-Asp-Phe) [c(KRGDf )] labeled with fluorescence dyes with wavelength spanning from the visible/near infrared (Cy5.5) to the true near infrared (IRDye800) for optical imaging. In vitro, the peptide-dye conjugates bound specifically to tumor cells expressing alphavbeta3. When administered intravenously into mice at a dose of 6 nmol /mouse, the conjugates accumulated in tumors expressing alphavbeta3. The tumor-to-background ratios for human KS1767 Kaposi's sarcoma in mice injected with Cy5.5-c(KRGDf ) and Cy5.5 were 5.5 and 1.5, respectively. Preinjection of c(KRGDf ) blocked the uptake of Cy5.5-c(KRGDf ) in tumors by 89%. In alphavbeta3-positive M21 and alphavbeta3-negative M21-L human melanoma, fluorescence intensity in the tumor of mice injected with IRDye800 - c(KRGDf ) was 2.3 and 1.3 times that in normal tissue, respectively. Dynamic imaging revealed that Cy5.5- c(KRGDf ) was rapidly taken up by KS1767 tumor immediately after bolus injection. The rate of its uptake in the tumor was reduced by preinjection of c(KRGDf ) in an interval time-dependent manner. Our data suggest that near-infrared fluorescence imaging may be applied to the detection of tumors expressing integrin alphavbeta3 and to the assessment of the optimal biological dose and schedule of targeted therapies.
Care Awaiting Placement Unit: the first 12 months (2002)

The Care Awaiting Placement Unit (CAPUnit) is a SCGH administered 22 bed facility which opened for business on the 30th July 2001. The primary aims of the establishment of the CAPUnit were to: free up, or make more readily available, acute inpatient beds at SCGH; and provide interim and appropriate care for patients who no longer require acute nursing/medical care, and who are awaiting placement in either a nursing home or hostel. The CAPUnit Team comprises advanced gerontological RNs, resident care assistants, CNM, senior medical officer and other medical support, social worker, therapy assistants, occupational therapist, physiotherapist, speech pathologist, podiatrist and dietician. The Unit functions in a similar manner to nursing home/hostel environments. The focus of general nursing care and therapy activities is to provide opportunities for residents to achieve and maintain/improve holistic wellbeing, including independent self care and communication. Support of families/significant others is viewed as an integral component of appropriate aged care. Residential Classification Scale (RCS) assessment of residents admitted to the CAPUnit has demonstrated that over 86% were at Category 1-4 dependency. A transfer document, designed to translate 'acute care' information into 'RCS' language, has been well received as a useful contribution to interim care planning on admission to the residential facility. The future of CAPUnits as one of a range of alternative methods of appropriate care services for aged people requires further investigation. (author abstract)
Interaction of 5-lipoxygenase with cellular proteins (1999)

5-Lipoxygenase (5LO) plays a pivotal role in cellular leukotriene synthesis. To identify proteins interacting with human 5LO, we used a two-hybrid approach to screen a human lung cDNA library. From a total of 1.5 x 10(7) yeast transformants, nine independent clones representing three different proteins were isolated and found to specifically interact with 5LO. Four 1.7- to 1.8-kb clones represented a 16-kDa protein named coactosin-like protein for its significant homology with coactosin, a protein found to be associated with actin in Dictyostelium discoideum. Coactosin-like protein thus may provide a link between 5LO and the cytoskeleton. Two other yeast clones of 1.5 kb encoded transforming growth factor (TGF) type beta receptor-I-associated protein 1 partial cDNA. TGF type beta receptor-I-associated protein 1 recently has been reported to associate with the activated form of the TGF beta receptor I and may be involved in the TGF beta-induced up-regulation of 5LO expression and activity observed in HL-60 and Mono Mac 6 cells. Finally, three identical 2.1-kb clones contained the partial cDNA of a human protein with high homology to a hypothetical helicase K12H4. 8 from Caenorhabditis elegans and consequently was named DeltaK12H4. 8 homologue. Analysis of the predicted amino acid sequence revealed the presence of a RNase III motif and a double-stranded RNA binding domain, indicative of a protein of nuclear origin. The identification of these 5LO-interacting proteins provides additional approaches to studies of the cellular functions of 5LO.
Would circulating cholesteryl esters be considered as markers for fatty acid composition of the human retina? (2009)

International audience
A study on thermal decomposition of fuels and NOx formation in diesel combustion using a total gas sampling technique (2001)

The effects of aromatic components and distillation temperature of diesel fuel on the decomposition of hydrocarbons and NO x formation during diesel combustion were studied at different injection pressures using a rapid compression machine and a total gas sampling device. It was found that fuel injected into hot compressed air is quickly gasified and then thermally cracked, and a large amount of unsaturated light hydrocarbons, mainly C 2 H 4 , C 2 H 2 and C 3 H 6 , are produced during the ignition delay period. It was also found that the level of the initial rate of heat release is approximately proportional to the amount of light unsaturated hydrocarbons observed. As the injection pressure is increased, both the amount of light hydrocarbons formed and the initial rate of heat release increase, which results in an NO x concentration higher than that at a lower injection pressure. As for the effects of fuel properties, it was revealed that aromatic components in the fuel enhance NO x formation over the combustion period through their higher adiabatic flame temperatures and that a high-distillation temperature of fuel yields a lower rate of heat release and lower NO x formation due to the slower rate of evaporation.
Efficient Incorporation of Tegument Proteins pUL46, pUL49, and pUS3 into Pseudorabies Virus Particles Depends on the Presence of pUL21 (2006)

The mature virion of the alphaherpesvirus pseudorabies virus (PrV) contains a minimum of 31 structural proteins which are recruited into the virus particle by a network of protein-protein interactions which is only incompletely understood. We show here that deletion of the tegument protein pUL21 resulted in a drastic decrease in the incorporation of the pUL46, pUL49, and pUS3 tegument components into mature virions. Moreover, the attenuated PrV strain Bartha (PrV-Ba), which, among other defects, carries mutations in pUL21, also fails to package pUL46, pUL49, and pUS3 efficiently. By the reconstitution of wild-type pUL21 expression to PrV-Ba and the transfer of mutated PrV-Ba pUL21 into wild-type PrV, we demonstrate that this phenotype is due to the mutated pUL21.
Electrochemical Properties of Carbon Steel Corrosion in Boiler Water at Elevated Temperatures (2017)

Water treatment programs are a key factor in steam cycle power station safety. They are one of the first lines of defense against a wide range of corrosion-induced boiler system failures. To further facilitate the development of effective boiler water treatment programs, it is important to fully understand the nuances of the underlying corrosion process. Though waterside corrosion of tubing in steam cycle power stations is an old problem, many aspects of the underlying processes are remain poorly defined at elevated temperatures and pressures. These gaps in our current understanding complicate the development and validation of new corrosion mitigation treatments. Here we demonstrate how a series of electrochemical techniques can be used to fill in some of these gaps when coupled with electrochemical theory and a high temperature &amp; pressure condensed phase corrosion sensor. In this study, we investigated the kinetics of carbon steel corrosion in simulated boiler waters at elevated temperatures and pressures. Electrochemical properties (Tafel slopes and corrosion currents) of the corrosion processes were obtained and compared between techniques such as linear polarization resistance, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic scans. These comparisons demonstrated the power of using multiple techniques to better understand the behavior of elevated temperature corrosion. Furthermore they can serve as the benchmarks needed to verify the effectiveness of new water treatment programs.
Shape factors, two‐flow models, and the problem of irradiance inversion in estimating optical parameters (1989)

The problem of the inversion of irradiance measurements for the inherent optical properties of a hydrosol such as the world ocean has been examined with the NOARL optical model. This model is a Monte Carlo simulation of the radiative transfer equation that, given the optical properties of a hydrosol, generates the zonal radiances and the commonly measured irradiances of that hydrosol. This information allows us to test the optical inversion capability of any irradiance model. We have demonstrated that the two‐flow model, used often in atmospheric optics, cannot be inverted to yield the inherent backscatter coefficient of natural hydrosols due to the extreme asymmetry of the hydrosol volume scattering function. The asymmetry of the volume scattering function interacting with the radiance distribution introduces parameters called shape factors into the models for irradiance inversion. The presence of shape factors in an irradiance model renders it unsolvable; thus, simplifying assumptions are required for an inverse solution. We inquire into the possibilities for irradiance inversion given the existence of shape factors.
Synthesis of Core-Shell Carbon Encapsulated Fe2O3 Composite through a Facile Hydrothermal Approach and Their Application as Anode Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries (2018)

Carbon encapsulated Fe2O3 nanoparticles (C@Fe2O3) were successfully synthesized via a facile and environmentally friendly hydrothermal method and prototyped in anode materials for sodium ion batteries (SIBs). High-resolution transmission and scanning electronic microscopy observations exhibited the formation of a highly core-shelled C@Fe2O3 composite consisting of carbon layers coated onto uniform Fe2O3 nanoparticles with a median diameter of 46.1 nm. This core-shell structure can repress the aggregation of Fe2O3 nanoparticles, preventing the harsh volume change of the electrode, enhancing the electric conductivity of the active materials, and promoting Na-ion transformation during cycling. The electrochemical performances of the C@Fe2O3 composite, as anodes for SIBs, retained a reversible capacity of 305 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 50 mA g−1 and exhibited an excellent cyclability at various current densities due to the synergistic effect between the carbon layers and Fe2O3. These results suggest that C@Fe2O3 composites present much potential as anode materials for rechargeable SIBs.
Module shuffling of a family F/10 xylanase: replacement of modules M4 and M5 of the FXYN of Streptomyces olivaceoviridis E-86 with those of the Cex of Cellulomonas fimi (2000)

To facilitate an understanding of structure-function relationships, chimeric xylanases were constructed by module shuffling between the catalytic domains of the FXYN from Streptomyces olivaceoviridis E-86 and the Cex from Cellulomonas fimi. In the family F/10 xylanases, the modules M4 and M5 relate to substrate binding so that modules M4 and M5 of the FXYN were replaced with those of the Cex and the chimeric enzymes denoted FCF-C4, FCF-C5 and FCF-C4,5 were constructed. The k(cat) value of FCF-C5 for p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-cellobioside was similar to that of the FXYN (2.2 s(-1)); however, the k(cat) value of FCF-C4 for p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-cellobioside was significantly higher (7.0 s(-1)). The loss of the hydrogen bond between E46 and S22 or the presence of the I49W mutation would be expected to change the position of Q88, which plays a pivotal role in discriminating between glucose and xylose, resulting in the increased k(cat) value observed for FCF-C4 acting on p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-cellobioside since module M4 directly interacts with Q88. To investigate the synergistic effects of the different modules, module M10 of the FCF-C4 chimera was replaced with that of the Cex. The effects of replacement of module M4 and M10 were almost additive with regard to the K:(m) and k(cat) values.
Monitoring of cellular behaviors by microcavity array-based single-cell patterning (2013)

In this study, we describe a less invasive and rapid single-cell patterning technique for monitoring of cellular behaviors. To form a high-density grid pattern of living cells, single cells were firstly captured on a geometry-controlled array pattern of 100,000 microcavities by applying negative pressure. The captured cells on the microcavities were immersed in an agarose solution and embedded in agarose gels. The high efficiency transfer of individual yeast cells (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and diatom cells (Fistulifera sp.) onto agarose gels was successfully achieved in 20 min. The patterning process had no effect on the cell proliferation or division. These results indicate that this technique shows a dramatic increase in patterning efficiency compared to previous patterning technologies. Furthermore, it allows the long-term monitoring of diatom cell divisions for 24 h. Continuous long-term observation of single cells provides technological advantages for the successful acquisition of information to better understand cellular activities.
Oxygen consumption in the early postinjury period: Use of continuous, on-line indirect calorimetry (2000)

Seriously injured patients are hypermetabolic in the early postinjury period. The level of Vo2 is unrelated to injury severity or number of organ systems involved. Elderly patients can be expected to have lower levels of Vo2. Vo2 does not change significantly in response to resuscitation to normal parameters of perfusion. Vo2 measured by IC did not predict the development of multiple organ dysfunction.
Conditional optimization: a new formalism for protein structure refinement (2001)

Conditional optimization allows unlabelled loose-atom refinement to be combined with extensive application of geometrical restraints. It offers an N-particle solution for the assignment of topology to loose atoms, with weighted gradients applied to all possibilities. For a simplified test structure consisting of a polyalanine four-helical bundle, this method shows a large radius of convergence using calculated diffraction data to at least 3.5 A resolution. It is shown that with a new multiple-model protocol to estimate sigma(A) values, this structure can be successfully optimized against 2.0 A resolution diffraction data starting from a random atom distribution. Conditional optimization has potentials for map improvement and automated model building at low or medium resolution limits. Future experiments will have to be performed to explore the possibilities of this method for ab initio phasing of real protein diffraction data.