gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of a portable, two dimensional magnetometer, using 2 dimensional quantum Hall effect sensor array, optimised for low magnetic field applications (2003)

The use of Hall effect sensors is always accompanied by the problem of the large amount of unwanted offset voltage. A tremendous effort has taken place in the last decades to reduce the offset voltage as much as possible. This work reports the application of the technique of the full mode of spinning current-and-averaging technique for offset reduction to enhance the performance of a low magnetic field (<1 /spl mu/T), 2D AlGaAs-InGaAs-GaAs Hall sensor, which was designed and optimised at UMIST. The design requirements of a portable, LabVIEW-based, low field magnetometer based on a new programmable switching network (PSN), and data acquisition system (DAQ), that can perform different modes of spinning current-and-averaging techniques for offset reduction, with the principle of reverse magnetic field reciprocity being applicable if required, is presented. Experimental results of a full mode of the technique showed the lowest offset voltage reported so far in semiconductor Hall devices, with an average value of the offset magnetic field of 5 /spl mu/T; this is about half of the best reported so far. We also present experimental results of the offset dependence on both the bias frequency and the preamplifier circuitry, which led to the careful selection of the system parameters for the lowest possible offset voltage. The proposed design of the (PSN) and the (DAQ) is easily modifiable to acquire a magnetic signal from a 2D quantum Hall effect sensor array.
Heterogeneous Atmospheric Chemistry of Lead Oxide Particles with Nitrogen Dioxide Increases Lead Solubility: Environmental and Health Implications (2012)

Heterogeneous chemistry of nitrogen dioxide with lead-containing particles is investigated to better understand lead metal mobilization in the environment. In particular, PbO particles, a model lead-containing compound due to its widespread presence as a component of lead paint and as naturally occurring minerals, massicot, and litharge, are exposed to nitrogen dioxide at different relative humidity. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) shows that upon exposure to nitrogen dioxide the surface of PbO particles reacts to form adsorbed nitrates and lead nitrate thin films with the extent of nitrate formation relative humidity dependent. NO(2)-exposed PbO particles are found to have an increase in the amount of lead that dissolves in aqueous suspensions at circumneutral pH compared to particles not exposed. These results point to the potential importance and impact that heterogeneous chemistry with trace atmospheric gases can have on increasing solubility and therefore the mobilization of heavy metals, such as lead, in the environment. This study also shows that surface intermediates that form, such as adsorbed lead nitrates, can yield higher concentrations of lead in water systems. These water systems can include drinking water, groundwater, estuaries, and lakes.
Augmented and virtual reality application in traditional architectural project presentation: Case study of 'MH Petra' house (2017)

The traditional method of architectural project presentations involves the use of a printed material on which the building is presented by using of two-dimensional drawings and images. The main problem is the presentation of three-dimensional space on two-dimensional paper. The development of smart portable devices with special sensors and greater processing power and contemporary methods of augmented and virtual reality motivated authors to investigate possibilities of their applications in architectural presentations. The main focus of the paper is the development of modern, portable systems for architectural project presentations which will be presented on a case study of the house. For this purpose, a method of virtual and augmented reality is used for upgrading traditional printed catalogue of the project. This approach enables easier and better understanding of all types of architectural objects and urban complex, allowing the user intuitive spatial overview of architectural work.
Multi-lingual Intent Detection and Slot Filling in a Joint BERT-based Model (2019)

Intent Detection and Slot Filling are two pillar tasks in Spoken Natural Language Understanding. Common approaches adopt joint Deep Learning architectures in attention-based recurrent frameworks. In this work, we aim at exploiting the success of "recurrence-less" models for these tasks. We introduce Bert-Joint, i.e., a multi-lingual joint text classification and sequence labeling framework. The experimental evaluation over two well-known English benchmarks demonstrates the strong performances that can be obtained with this model, even when few annotated data is available. Moreover, we annotated a new dataset for the Italian language, and we observed similar performances without the need for changing the model.
Restoration of PPARγ reverses lipid accumulation in alveolar macrophages of GM-CSF knockout mice (2010)

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a lung disease characterized by a deficiency of functional granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) resulting in surfactant accumulation and lipid-engorged alveolar macrophages. GM-CSF is a positive regulator of PPARγ that is constitutively expressed in healthy alveolar macrophages. We previously reported decreased PPARγ and ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1) levels in alveolar macrophages from PAP patients and GM-CSF knockout (KO) mice, suggesting PPARγ and ABCG1 involvement in surfactant catabolism. Because ABCG1 represents a PPARγ target, we hypothesized that PPARγ restoration would increase ABCG1 and reduce macrophage lipid accumulation. Upregulation of PPARγ was achieved using a lentivirus expression system in vivo. GM-CSF KO mice received intratracheal instillation of lentivirus (lenti)-PPARγ or control lenti-eGFP. Ten days postinstillation, 79% of harvested alveolar macrophages expressed eGFP, demonstrating transduction. Alveolar macrophages showed increased PPARγ and ABCG1 expression after lenti-PPARγ instillation, whereas PPARγ and ABCG1 levels remained unchanged in lenti-eGFP controls. Alveolar macrophages from lenti-PPARγ-treated mice also exhibited reduced intracellular phospholipids and increased cholesterol efflux to HDL, an ABCG1-mediated pathway. In vivo instillation of lenti-PPARγ results in: 1) upregulating ABCG1 and PPARγ expression of GM-CSF KO alveolar macrophages, 2) reducing intracellular lipid accumulation, and 3) increasing cholesterol efflux activity.
Successful Combination of Sequential Gene Therapy and Rescue Allo-HSCT in Two Children with X-CGD - Importance of Timing (2015)

We report on a series of sequential events leading to long-term survival and cure of pediatric X-linked chronic granulomatous disease (X-CGD) patients after gamma-retroviral gene therapy (GT) and rescue HSCT. Due to therapyrefractory life-threatening infections requiring hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) but absence of HLAidentical donors, we treated 2 boys with X-CGD by GT. Following GT both children completely resolved invasive Aspergillus nidulans infections. However, one child developed dual insertional activation of ecotropic viral integration site 1 (EVI1) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) genes, leading to myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) with monosomy 7. Despite resistance to mismatched allo-HSCT with standard myeloablative conditioning, secondary intensified rescue allo-HSCT resulted in 100 % donor chimerism and disappearance of MDS. The other child did not develop MDS despite expansion of a clone with a single insertion in the myelodysplasia syndrome 1 (MDS1) gene and was cured by early standard allo-HSCT. The slowly developing dominance of clones harboring integrations in MDS1-EVI1 may guide clinical intervention strategies, i.e. early rescue allo-HSCT, prior to malignant transformation. GT was essential for both children to survive and to clear therapy-refractory infections, and future GT with safer lentiviral self-inactivated (SIN) vectors may offer a therapeutic alternative for X-CGD patients suffering from life-threatening infections and lacking HLA-identical HSC donors.
Breakdown of the quantum Hall effect in InAs/AlSb quantum wells due to counterflowing edge channels (1995)

We investigated magnetotransport in the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) present in InAs/AlSb quantum wells. The filling factor ${\mathit{N}}_{\mathit{g}}$ underneath a gate electrode was reduced relative to the bulk filling factor ${\mathit{N}}_{\mathit{b}}$. For ${\mathit{N}}_{\mathit{g}}$${\mathit{N}}_{\mathit{b}}$ the resistance at the minima of the Shubnikov--de Haas oscillations failed to vanish, and the corresponding plateaus in the Hall resistance deviated from their expected quantized values ${\mathit{R}}_{\mathit{xy}}$=h/(${\mathit{e}}^{2}$${\mathit{N}}_{\mathit{g}}$). The results are explained by the presence of anomalous edge channels at the 2DEG boundaries, which flow in opposite direction compared to the regular ones. They result from the band bending due to the combination of Fermi level pinning at the exposed InAs surface and the electrostatic potential generated by the gate electrode. This picture is supported by a comparison between the measured resistances and the resistances calculated with an edge channel model.
Author response: Galvanic current activates the NLRP3 inflammasome to promote Type I collagen production in tendon (2022)

Cellular, genetic, and biochemical assays shows that the application of a specific type of currents in mouse tendons induces an inflammatory response that favors the regeneration of the tissue, being a treatment for chronic tendinopathy lesions.
Single dose toxicity study of Injinhotang in rat (2001)

The single dose toxicity of Injinhotang, a herbal drug for treatment of hepatic injuries. was evaluated in Sprague-Dawley rats. Injinhotang was once administered to both sexes of rats at the dose levels of 2000, 1000, 500, 250 and 125 mg/kg for oral route. After single administration, clinical signs were observed every day for 14 days and body weights were measured 5 times including initial measurement on day 0 (the days of administration). When observation period was over, the animals were sacrificed and macroscopic examination of major organs was conducted. In addition, the histopathological profiles of these major organs were also conducted. Neither significant clinical signs nor death after administration was observed during the observation periods except for soft feces or diarrhea. In addition, no abnormal necropsy findings, changes of body weight and histopathological profiles were observed at terminal necropsy in both sexes. From these results, it is considered that of Injinhotang is over 2000 mg/kg in oral administration in both sexes of rats
S-8 Comparison of tenofovir versus entecavir therapy in nucleos(t)ide-naive chronic hepatitis B (2016)

Backgrounds:?Entecavir (ETV) and tenofovir (TDF) are nucleoside analogues with high potency for profound and durable viral suppression and genetic barriers against resistance; these drugs are recommended for the first-line treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in current guidelines. But rare data are available on the comparison of TDF and ETV therapy in CHB patients with baseline high viral load (HVL), defined as having hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA ＞8 log10 copies/mL (7.3 log10 IU/mL).?Methods:?We performed a retrospective analysis of the efficacy of TDF therapy, as compared to that of ETV therapy, in patients with HVL. A matched study population was constructed to compare the antiviral efficacy of TDF therapy and ETV therapy by a propensity score analysis. The primary endpoint was a virological response (VR), defined as an HBV DNA level of ＜12 IU/mL.?Results:?Three hundreds two patients were selected after matching propensity score with 1:1 ratio. VR was observed in 66.2% (100/151) of patients in the TDF group and in 63.6% (96/151) of the patients in the ETV group. The VR rates were not different between the two groups (78.1 vs. 76.2% at month 12, and 99.0 vs. 95.8% at month 24; log rank p＝0.432). During therapy, 74.8% of patients in the TDF group, and 70.2% of patients in the ETV group had partial VR, respectively (p＝0.367). ALT normalization rates also did not differ between both the treatment groups (94.2% and 92.1% in the TDF and ETV therapy groups, respectively; p＝0.476). During therapy, 13.7% (18 of 131) of patients in the TDF group, and 21.2% (28 of 132) of patients in the ETV group achieved HBeAg seroconversion, respectively (p＝0.111). Nineteen patients experienced a virological breakthrough. Among them, twelve patient (7.9 %) was in the TDF group and 7 patients (4.6 %) were in the ETV group (p＝0.236). Conclusions:?In patients with a baseline HBV DNA level ＞8 log10 copies/mL (7.3 log10 IU/mL), TDF therapy was as effective as ETV therapy, in maintaining the viral suppression.
The mechanism of methylselenocysteine and docetaxel synergistic activity in prostate cancer cells (2006)

The study was designed to evaluate the combination treatment of methylselenocysteine (MSeC) and docetaxel and to delineate the underlying mechanism associated with observed in vitro synergy between MSeC and docetaxel in prostate cancer cells. Cells were treated with different concentrations and schedules (concurrent or sequential) of MSeC and docetaxel alone or in combination. Cell growth/death was assessed with sulforhodamine B assay, trypan blue assay, and time-lapse video. Loewe synergism/antagonism model was used to determine whether the combination effect was additive, synergistic, or antagonistic. Apoptosis and caspase-3 activity were evaluated with cell death ELISA assay and caspase activity assay, respectively. Synergy between MSeC and docetaxel was further assessed in the presence and absence of z-VAD-fmk, a pan-caspase inhibitor. Effect of MSeC and docetaxel alone or in combination on the cellular expression of the antiapoptotic protein survivin was measured with Western blot analyses. Pretreatment with MSeC was crucial to enhance docetaxel antitumor activity. The enhanced antitumor activity of the sequential combination treatment of MSeC and docetaxel (MSeC/docetaxel) was highly synergistic. Apoptosis increased after MSeC/docetaxel, compared with each drug alone or concurrent treatment. Pretreatment with z-VAD-fmk converted the synergy into antagonism, suggesting that the synergy is caspase-dependent apoptosis. The survivin level was down-regulated following MSeC/docetaxel treatment when compared with each drug alone. In conclusion, pretreatment with MSeC was essential to markedly sensitize cells to docetaxel. The synergy between MSeC and docetaxel in C2G prostate cancer cells is associated with increased level of caspase-dependent apoptosis and decreased level of survivin.
Dynamic Network-Assisted D2D-Aided Coded Distributed Learning (2021)

Today, various machine learning (ML) applications offer continuous data processing and real-time data analytics at the edge of a wireless network. Distributed real-time ML solutions are highly sensitive to the so-called straggler effect caused by resource heterogeneity and alleviated by various computation offloading mechanisms that seriously challenge the communication efficiency, especially in large-scale scenarios. To decrease the communication overhead, we rely on device-to-device (D2D) connectivity that improves spectrum utilization and allows efficient data exchange between devices in proximity. In particular, we design a novel D2D-aided coded federated learning method (D2D-CFL) for efficient load balancing across devices. The proposed solution captures system dynamics, including data (time-dependent learning model, varied intensity of data arrivals), device (diverse computational resources and volume of training data), and deployment (varied locations and D2D graph connectivity). To minimize the number of communication rounds, we derive an optimal compression rate for achieving minimum processing time and establish its connection with the convergence time. The resulting optimization problem provides suboptimal compression parameters, which improve the total training time. Our proposed method is beneficial for real-time collaborative applications, where the users continuously generate training data resulting in the model drift.
Fecal pancreatic elastase-1 levels in older individuals without known gastrointestinal diseases or diabetes mellitus (2011)

In our study one fifth of healthy older individuals without any gastrointestinal disorder, surgery or diabetes mellitus suffer from pancreatic exocrine insufficiency and might benefit from enzyme supplementation therapy.
Highly Contaminated Uxo Sites: Combination of GPR and Emi for Discrimination of Clustered Scatterers (2005)

The most fundamental electromagnetic limitation on discrimination of subsurface unexploded&lt;br&gt;ordnance (UXO) during cleanup operations is that one must use quite low frequencies to penetrate the&lt;br&gt;ground. Operating between some 10’s of Hz and some 100’s kHz, electromagnetic induction (EMI)&lt;br&gt;sensor signals are sensitive to many aspects of target shape and composition. In that band, the signals do&lt;br&gt;not suffer the scattering and absorption loss problems that challenge ground penetrating radar (GPR).&lt;br&gt;However, EMI transmitted wavelengths are many, many orders of magnitude greater than the size of&lt;br&gt;targets of interest. This means that distinct targets cannot readily be picked out by timing the arrival of&lt;br&gt;echoes or by noting the direction they are coming from, as for wave phenomena. Clustered targets will&lt;br&gt;respond simultaneously and their signals overlap. This is a particularly important problem because most&lt;br&gt;UXO cleanup sites contain much metallic clutter. The number of targets and their locations are hard to&lt;br&gt;tell from EMI data only.&lt;br&gt;Our full-polarimetric UWB GPR operates between some 10’s of MHz and about 800 MHz, i.e. at&lt;br&gt;a low enough frequency to penetrate the soil, minimize scattering losses, and elicit essential target&lt;br&gt;resonances, but necessarily too low to form precise target images. What GPR can often do, however, is&lt;br&gt;time the arrival of target echoes from distinct targets, even when they are clustered, and feed into EMI&lt;br&gt;processing some crucial information on number of targets, approximate locations, and other geometrical&lt;br&gt;data. Altogether, EMI signal optimization constrained by GPR data produces separate EMI signature&lt;br&gt;patterns for each item, indicating whether the object is UXO-like or not.&lt;br&gt;Traditional fast EMI forward modeling contains too many free parameters, which is a serious&lt;br&gt;challenge to inversion algorithms, especially for multiple targets. In this paper we propose a three step&lt;br&gt;approach for UXO discrimination: (1) preliminary screening with GPR information to identify or rule&lt;br&gt;out obvious UXO candidates; (2) Analyze EMI data with simple dipole model, using GPR information&lt;br&gt;as prior information. The results are again used to identify or rule out obvious UXO candidates; (3) For&lt;br&gt;cases where final decisions can not be made in step one and two, a pattern matching approach is&lt;br&gt;employed to identify each candidate UXO, using the first two step results as prior information. Study on&lt;br&gt;examples illustrates how this three step approach may help improve UXO discrimination and&lt;br&gt;identification.
The antimalarial activity of N-benzyl-oxydihydrotriazines (1982)

From a large series of chlorophenoxyalkoxy N-substituted triazines with antimalarial activity against Plasmodium berghei infections in mice, the 2,4,5-trichloropropyloxy-1,3,5-triazine hydrobromide (BRL 51084) and hydrochloride (BRL 6231) were selected. These two compounds were almost equally effective against both the drug-sensitive N strain and the cycloguanil- resistant B line. In four-day suppressive tests against the N strain, BRL 6231 had an ED90 of 0·34 mg kg−1 and against the B line an ED90 of 0·89 mg kg−1 when given subcutaneously for four days. A pyrimethamine-resistant line of P. berghei was found to be fully sensitive to BRL 6231 by the same dose route.A single subcutaneous dose of 100 mg kg−1 BRL 6231 completely cleared and eliminated an established infection of P. berghei N strain in mice, whereas similar infections in mice dosed at 100 mg kg−1 of cycloguanil or chloroquine recrudesced several days after initial clearance.Causal prophylaxis studies in mice showed that a single subcutaneous dose of 1 mg kg−1 before an intravenous sporozoite challenge of P. berghei gave complete protection. Similarly, ‘parallel’ studies with P. cynomolgi in pairs of rhesus monkeys demonstrated that ten subcutaneous doses of 1 mg kg−1 given daily prevented parasitaemia up to 69 days after challenge.Mode of action studies on BRL 6231 indicated that morphological effects upon an established infection of P. berghei N strain were similar to those seen with cycloguanil and pyrimethamine.
Estudo comparativo de descritores para recuperação de imagens por conteudo na web (2009)

A crescente quantidade de imagens geradas e disponibilizadas atualmente tem eito aumentar a necessidade de criacao de sistemas de busca para este tipo de informacao. Um metodo promissor para a realizacao da busca de imagens e a busca por conteudo. Este tipo de abordagem considera o conteudo visual das imagens, como cor, textura e forma de objetos, para indexacao e recuperacao. A busca de imagens por conteudo tem como componente principal o descritor de imagens. O descritor de imagens e responsavel por extrair propriedades visuais das imagens e armazena-las em vetores de caracteristicas. Dados dois vetores de caracteristicas, o descritor compara-os e retorna um valor de distancia. Este valor quantifica a diferenca entre as imagens representadas pelos vetores. Em um sistema de busca de imagens por conteudo, a distancia calculada pelo descritor de imagens e usada para ordenar as imagens da base em relacao a uma determinada imagem de consulta. Esta dissertacao realiza um estudo comparativo de descritores de imagens considerando a Web como cenario de uso. Este cenario apresenta uma quantidade muito grande de imagens e de conteudo bastante heterogeneo. O estudo comparativo realizado nesta dissertacao e feito em duas abordagens. A primeira delas considera a complexidade assinto tica dos algoritmos de extracao de vetores de caracteristicas e das funcoes de distancia dos descritores, os tamanhos dos vetores de caracteristicas gerados pelos descritores e o ambiente no qual cada descritor foi validado originalmente. A segunda abordagem compara os descritores em experimentos praticos em quatro bases de imagens diferentes. Os descritores sao avaliados segundo tempo de extracao, tempo para calculos de distancia, requisitos de armazenamento e eficacia. Sao comparados descritores de cor, textura e forma. Os experimentos sao realizados com cada tipo de descritor independentemente e, baseado nestes resultados, um conjunto de descritores e avaliado em uma base com mais de 230 mil imagens heterogeneas, que reflete o conteudo encontrado na Web. A avaliacao de eficacia dos descritores na base de imagens heterogeneas e realizada por meio de experimentos com usuarios reais. Esta dissertacao tambem apresenta uma ferramenta para a realizacao automatizada de testes comparativos entre descritores de imagens 
Abstract