gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Information Asymmetry and CRA’s Reputation on Bond Yield Spread (2018)

This paper investigates the effects of information asymmetry and Credit Rating Agency's reputation on bond yield spread, which is caused by the split bond rating of CRAs. For analysis, We do multivariate analysis, using bond rating and bond yield spread data in Korea from 2004 to 2015. The empirical results are as follows. First, we examines whether information asymmetry affects the bond yield spread. using split rating data. As a result, the information asymmetry measured by split rating variable is significant, which supports the information asymmetry hypothesis. Additionally we can find bond yield spread is decided by negative credit grade rather than positive credit grade under split rating condition. Next, we examines the relationship between the CRA’s reputation and the bond yield spread in case of split rating. Here, samples were divided into full samples and split rating samples. Summarizing the result, both samples are suggest similar result, the bond yield spread is changed depending on the specific CRA’s grading which having conservative rating tendency. Thus, This result suggest information asymmetry caused by split rating and CRA’s reputation measured by CRA’s rating tendency affect bond yield spread in Korea
Spontaneous Enhancement of Magnetic Resonance Signals Using a RASER (2021)

Abstract Nuclear magnetic resonance is usually drastically limited by its intrinsically low sensitivity: Only a few spins contribute to the overall signal. To overcome this limitation, hyperpolarization methods were developed that increase signals several times beyond the normal/thermally polarized signals. The ideal case would be a universal approach that can signal enhance the complete sample of interest in solution to increase detection sensitivity. Here, we introduce a combination of para‐hydrogen enhanced magnetic resonance with the phenomenon of the RASER: Large signals of para‐hydrogen enhanced molecules interact with the magnetic resonance coil in a way that the signal is spontaneously converted into an in‐phase signal. These molecules directly interact with other compounds via dipolar couplings and enhance their signal. We demonstrate that this is not only possible for solvent molecules but also for an amino acid.
Visualization of probabilistic business models (2004)

One of the main challenges in the modeling of business problems is to provide the modeler and the user with meaningful visual tools. The business model is usually presented by different types of flow charts and diagrams. If the modeling process is simplified in how it is represented to the user, it improves understanding, as well as, helps to interpret the result of the analysis. We discuss a proposed methodology for business modeling and how this process can be applied to real world problems. The formal iterative modeling process includes a probabilistic model description, domain model diagram, and diagrams to define model's calculation logic, sensitivity analysis tools, decision trees, and other tools. We also discuss benefits of the unification of specification for the visualization tools. The described methodology is used in decision and risk analysis application decision tool kit.
Functional Interpretation of the Cryo-Electron Microscopy Map of the 30S Ribosomal Subunit from Escherichia coli (2014)

Recently, the everimproving cryo-electron microscopy maps of the 70S ribosome have increased the overall accuracy of the modeling studies. This chapter talks about three important structure-function relationships. First, it briefly reviews the recently published model of interactions between the 16S rRNA decoding site and the mRNAtRNA complex. Second, it discusses the functional implications of the placement of that model in the electron density map. Finally, it identifies regions that the authors believe compose the “gate” that closes to form the channel in which the mRNA is located. The second-generation models incorporate atomic-resolution data for those components whose structures have been determined by crystallography or nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and for selected components the authors have modeled at atomic detail because of their functional significance. The authors therefore predict that the density in the channel will rise when tRNA is bound at the A site. Another interesting aspect of this model is that the axis of the decoding-site RNA lies perpendicular to the long axis of the 30S ribosomal subunit. Cross-linking studies between mRNA and the 16S rRNA also suggest that these two regions of the 16S rRNA are close together in the ribosomal subunit. Multiscale modeling permits investigation of structure-function relationships at atomic detail within the low-resolution framework of those regions that are less well defined and less functionally significant.
El lector de manga: ¿un lector orientalista? (2008)

El lector orientalista reclama una traducción exótica, lo que según Said le convierte en un factor decisivo para prolongar esta tendencia. Habitualmente forma parte de un público amplio con pocos conocimientos reales del Otro. Sin embargo, en la actualidad el lector de manga tiende a exigir la visibilidad total de la cultura japonesa en las traducciones, pese a ser parte de un público minoritario e interesado en el Otro. Se analizan varias posibilidades que pueden explicar esta evolución (tendencias editoriales y cambios en la sociedad de la información) y se reflexiona sobre el orientalismo entre los lectores de manga y su crítica y posible influencia en la traducción.
Using layered video to provide incentives in P2P live streaming (2007)

In this paper, we design a distributed incentive mechanism for mesh-pull P2P live streaming networks. In our system, a video is encoded into layers with lower layers having more importance. The system is heterogeneous with peers having different uplink bandwidths. We design a distributed protocol in which a peer contributing more uplink bandwidth receives more layers and consequently better video quality. Previous approaches consider single-layer video, where each peer receives the same video quality no matter how much bandwidth it contributes to the system. The simulation results show that our approach can provide differentiated video quality commensurate with a peer's contribution to other peers, and can also discourage free-riders. Furthermore, we also compare our layered approach with a multiple description coding (MDC) approach, and conclude that the layered approach is more promising, primarily due to its higher coding efficiency.
Granite rock fragmentation at percussive drilling (2013)

The aim of this study is to numerically model the fracture system at percussive drilling. Due to the complex behavior of rock material, a continuum approach is employed. The KST (Krieg 1978, Swenso ...
<title>Ultraviolet damage properties of various fused silica materials</title> (1995)

Five different fused silica types were evaluated for their resistance to UV-induced compaction and color center formation at 193-nm. Real-time monitoring of color- center-induced absorption showed three distinct dependencies of transmission on pulse count. The initial rates of color center formation varied by well over a factor of ten between the materials tested while compaction-induced birefringence rates varied by at most a factor of four. Of the likely candidates for lithographic applications, Corning Excimer Grade 7940 fused silica was the least prone to color center formation while Suprasil 311 showed the lowest compaction rates. The rates of compaction-induced birefringence and color-center-induced absorption from 213-nm radiation were found to increase dramatically under elevated sample temperature conditions. Since a two- photon absorption mechanism is believed to be the catalyst for UV damage to fused silica, two-photon absorption coefficients were characterized at elevated temperatures. The two-photon coefficients at 213-nm for all materials measured including crystalline quartz and under all applied conditions were statistically equivalent, leading to the conclusion that the energy dissipation mechanism, in addition to two-photon absorption, is important to UV damage to fused silica.
Effects of Transmit Beamforming on the Capacity of Multi-Hop MIMO Relay Channels (2007)

In this paper we investigate multi-hop fading relay channels where the source, the destination and the multiple relay nodes are all equipped with multiple antennas. We study the ergodic capacities of multiple relay networks based on Amplify-and-Forward (AF) and Decode-and-Forward (DF) relaying modes. We examine multi-user beamforming (MU-BF), where each data stream is assumed to be matched to a specified relay node, based on the conventional eigen-mode transmission for both modes, and derive ergodic capacity expressions. We also examine the impact of the number of selected relay nodes on the network capacity both for modes of relaying. We show that by using MU-BF at the source node and a maximum number of relay nodes selected for cooperation, the network gains from multiplexing, while beyond that number of cooperating relay nodes, it only gains from relay selection.
Deadbeat Input Reconstruction and State Estimation for Discrete-Time Linear Time-Varying Systems (2019)

The objective of input reconstruction is to use knowledge of the output of a system to estimate the input. An estimate of the input can be used in an observer to provide more accurate state estimates. This paper presents a technique for combined state and input estimation for discrete-time, linear time-varying systems. The algorithm is based on the analysis of the rank of the time-dependent matrix that relates vectors of states and input values to a vector of outputs. The key contribution is a characterization of the time-varying delay under which the state and input can be estimated. The input and state estimate are given in terms of the generalized inverse of a partitioned matrix. The approach is demonstrated on discrete-time examples with linear periodically time-varying dynamics.
Grassypeptolides as Natural Inhibitors of Dipeptidyl Peptidase 8 and T‐Cell Activation (2014)

Natural products made by marine cyanobacteria are often highly modified peptides and depsipeptides that have the potential to act as inhibitors for proteases. In the interests of finding new protease inhibition activity and selectivity, grassypeptolide A (1) was screened against a panel of proteases and found to inhibit DPP8 selectively over DPP4. Grassypeptolides were also found to inhibit IL-2 production and proliferation in activated T-cells, consistent with a putative role of DPP8 in the immune system. These effects were also observed in Jurkat cells, and DPP activity in Jurkat cell cytosol was shown to be inhibited by grassypeptolides. In silico docking suggests two possible binding modes of grassypeptolides-at the active site of DPP8 and at one of the entrances to the internal cavity. Collectively these results suggest that grassypeptolides might be useful tool compounds in the study of DPP8 function.
Efficient CORDIC Algorithms and Architectures for Low Area and High Throughput Implementation (2009)

This paper presents two area-efficient algorithms and their architectures based on CORDIC. While the first algorithm eliminates ROM and requires only low-complexity barrel shifters, the second eliminates barrel shifters completely. As a consequence, both the algorithms consume approximately 50% area in comparison with other CORDIC designs. Further, the proposed algorithms are applicable to the entire range of angles. The FPGA implementations consume approximately 8% LUTs of a Xilinx Spartan XC2S200E device and have a slice-delay product of about 3. Convergence proofs for the algorithms are presented. Experimental comparisons with prior CORDIC designs confirm the efficacy of the proposed designs.
A New Scalable and Cost-Effective Congestion Management Strategy for Lossless Multistage Interconnection Networks (2005)

In this paper, we propose a new congestion management strategy for lossless multistage interconnection networks that scales as network size and/or link bandwidth increase. Instead of eliminating congestion, our strategy avoids performance degradation beyond the saturation point by eliminating the HOL blocking produced by congestion trees. This is achieved in a scalable manner by using separate queues for congested flows. These are dynamically allocated only when congestion arises, and deallocated when congestion subsides. Performance evaluation results show that our strategy responds to congestion immediately and completely eliminates the performance degradation produced by HOL blocking while using only a small number of additional queues.
Neonatal outcome of infants born at 23 weeks' gestation (2001)

About one third of infants delivered at 23 weeks' gestation survived to be discharged from neonatal intensive care. More advanced gestational age was associated with increased likelihood of survival. No neonates survived free of substantial morbidity.
Etiological and epidemiological features of acute meningitis or encephalitis in China: a nationwide active surveillance study (2022)

China Mega-Project on Infectious Disease Prevention and the National Natural Science Funds.
Detection of hepatitis C virus sequences in brain tissue obtained in recurrent hepatitis C after liver transplantation (2002)

Patients with chronic hepatitis C frequently report tiredness, easy fatigability, and depression. The aim of this study is to determine whether hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication could be found in brain tissue in patients with hepatitis C and depression. We report two patients with recurrent hepatitis C after liver transplantation who also developed severe depression. One patient died of multiorgan failure and the other, septicemia caused by Staphylococcus aureussis. Both patients had evidence of severe hepatitis C recurrence with features of cholestatic fibrosing hepatitis. We were able to study samples of their central nervous system obtained at autopsy for evidence of HCV replication. The presence of HCV RNA-negative strand, which is the viral replicative form, was determined by strand-specific Tth-based reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Viral sequences were compared by means of single-strand conformation polymorphism and direct sequencing. HCV RNA-negative strands were found in subcortical white matter from one patient and cerebral cortex from the other patient. HCV RNA-negative strands amplified from brain tissue differed by several nucleotide substitutions from serum consensus sequences in the 5' untranslated region. These findings support the concept of HCV neuroinvasion, and we speculate that it may provide a biological substrate to neuropsychiatric disorders observed in patients with chronic hepatitis C. The exact lineage of cells permissive for HCV replication and the possible interaction between viral replication and cerebral function that may lead to depression remain to be elucidated.
Structural Studies on Bioactive Compounds. 32. Oxidation of Tyrphostin Protein Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors with Hypervalent Iodine Reagents (2000)

Hydroxylated styrenes (tyrphostins) undergo oxidation by hypervalent iodine oxidants such as [(diacetoxy)iodo]benzene (DAIB) to give a range of products depending on the structure of the phenolic substrate, the solvent, the oxidant stoichiometry, and the purification strategy. Conditions have been developed to modify the phenolic component of the tyrphostin without affecting the appended substituted-vinyl moiety. Novel products include: unstable 2-acyloxy-2-methoxy-4-(substituted-vinyl)cyclohexadienones and their rearrangement products 2-acyloxy-4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-1-(substituted-vinyl)benzenes; phenyliodoniophenolates and their rearrangement products iodophenoxytyrphostins; and 3,3'-dialkoxy-2,2'-dihydroxy-5, 5'-di(substituted-vinyl)biphenyls. None of these oxidation products displayed enhanced activity in vitro in the NCI 60-cell line panel or in a panel of human breast cancer cell lines, compared to their tyrphostin precursors. The inhibitory activity of three representative tyrphostins (3e,n, 28) was not modulated by aerobic/anaerobic conditions in MCF-7 and MDA 468 cells and was independent of EGFR status in clones of ZR75B cells transfected with this receptor. Basal growth of MCF-7 cells was unaffected by co-administration of the growth factors EGF, TGF-alpha, IGF-I, and IGF-II, and the new agents did not inhibit EGFR and c-erbB2 autophosphorylation in cell lysates from MDA 468 or SkBr3 cells, respectively, suggesting that receptor tyrosine kinases are not targets for these compounds. Growth stimulation by the tyrphostin 3n in the ER(+) breast cell lines MCF-7, T47D, and ZR75-1 was abolished by 1 microM tamoxifen, suggesting that this compound has estrogen agonist activity.
Improvement in Electrical Properties of 4H-SiC Epilayers by Micropipe Dissociation (2001)

In this study, the effect of micropipe dissociation via 4H-SiC vapor phase epitaxy on the electrical properties of the epilayer was investigated. Ni/4H-SiC Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) were fabricated on a 21-µm-thick epilayer, and their reverse blocking characteristics were examined. Some micropipes dissociated into closed core screw dislocations during epitaxial growth and some of them propagated into the epilayer. The SBDs that included a propagated micropipe showed poor reverse blocking performance, as reported previously, while the breakdown voltages were below -400 V. On the other hand, the SBDs that included a dissociated micropipe withstood breakdown up to -1000 V, where the leakage current density was 10 -2 to 10 -6 A/cm 2 . This demonstrated that a great improvement of the electrical properties could be achieved by the structural transformation of micropipes into closed core screw dislocations.
Winter Transport and Tidal Current in the Tsugaru Strait (2004)

2 ), Abstract Transport variations and characteristics of tidal currents in the Tsugaru Strait are investigated using the ship­ mounted acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) measurements from October 29, 1999 to March 31, 2000 along one line across the Strait. The Tsugaru Strait connects the North Pacific Ocean and Japan/East Sea, and is a main output for Tsushima Warm Current System in Japan/East Sea. The strong northeastwards mean current flows through this section approximately in the center of the Strait, and southwestward counter flows exist near both the Hokkaido and Honshu coasts. The estimated mean net eastward transport, i.e., the Tsugaru Warm Current transport, is 1.8 Sv (Sverdrup, I Sv= 10 6 m 3 s- I ). The data are analyzed four major tidal constituents, i.e., M2, S2, 01 and KI. Although the amplitudes of semi-diurnal tides are generally larger than those of diurnal tides, the amplitudes of KI and M2 volume transports across the strait are 0.72 Sv and 0.52 Sv, respectively, i.e., diurnal tidal currents are dominant. From the phase relationship between tidal volume transport and tide is understood with a composite of standing and incident Kelvin waves, which propagates from the North Pacific Ocean to the Japan/ East Sea. We also find a significant fortnightly oscillation which has a barotropic structure. The long-period lunar fortnightly (Mf) tide is more energetic along the coast faced on the Japan/East Sea with the amplitude of 1 ~3 cm, while the amplitudes for Mftide in the North Pacific Ocean are much smaller, less than 1 cm. It is inferred that observed fortnightly oscillation may be generated by the difference of Mf tide amplitude between both sides of the Tsugaru Strait.
A Neutrophil Chemotactic Factor from Human C′5 (1969)

Summary The action of trypsin on the fifth component of human complement (C′5) results in the appearance of a chemotactic factor for rabbit neutrophils. The generation of this activity is dependent upon the amount of C′5, the duration of incubation and to a lesser degree, the amount of trypsin. On the basis of analysis in density gradient ultracentrifugation and by gel filtration, the chemotactic factor appears to be a cleavage product of C′5 with an estimated molecular weight of 8500. Trypsin appears to be less effective in generating a chemotactic factor from the third component of human complement (C′3). Chemotactic activity can be also demonstrated in the supernatant from sensitized sheep erythrocytes containing the first four reacting complement components and incubated with sufficient amounts of C′5. In this case, the chemotactic factor sediments very slowly (like the marker cytochrome c) in a sucrose density gradient. The relationship between the chemotactically active C′5 fragment and F(a) C′5 which has anaphylatoxin activity is not presently known. These studies document the second fragmentation product of low molecular weight from the complement system possessing chemotactic activity.
Writing to Heal: Therapeutic Uses of Creative Writing by Adult Survivors of Incest (1992)

This paper examines the use of creative writing by adult survivors of incest both as a self-help technique and as an adjunct to therapy. A survey of the popular and professional literature on incest revealed that creative writing is often recommended to survivors. Writing can be useful in helping survivors validate their experiences, recover memories, express feelings, and communicate with self and others. The specific needs of incest survivors around safety and boundary issues should be considered, however, and some cautions are noted.
Author Correction: Genome editing in plants using CRISPR type I-D nuclease (2021)

A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-021-01771-5
WIP Statics Abroad: Lessons in Pedagogy from a Short-term Study Abroad Mechanics Course (2020)

Spring of 2015 with a B.S.E. concentrating in Mechanical Engineering. Experiences during his undergraduate years included a semester in Spain, taking classes at the Universidad de Oviedo and the Escuela Politcnica de Ingenieria de Gijn, as well as multiple
Discussion: Multiplane Forehead Shortening: Sparing the Frontalis Muscle and Supraorbital Nerve (2019)

Cleveland, Ohio From the Department of Plastic Surgery, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine. Received for publication June 19, 2018; accepted July 31, 2018. Disclosure:The author has no relevant conflicts of interest. He serves as the CEO of Innovated Medical Equipment and receives royalties for the Guyuron Rhinoplasty and Surgical Treatment of Migraine Headaches books from Thieme publishing company. Bahman Guyuron, M.D., 29017 Cedar Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44124, [email protected]
Les inondations du Rhône aval de 1856, 1993, 1994, 2003 et leurs répercussions sociétales (2007)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeThe flood of 1856 is a new behavior on behalf of the State. Napoleon III inaugurates a media treatment which is still present nowadays. He utilised the telegraph and the railroads, and so he can go to the place of the catastrophe. This voyage is compassionnel, reflected in the newspapers, it serves the immediate political interests of the Empereur. Later the Emperor lays down a policy of protection in his letter of Plombières of the summer 1856. May 28, 1858 a law is voted for the protection of the cities against the floods. On the sociological viewopoint, the analysis of the floods of 1993-94 revealed three shifts which can be interpreted like aggravation factors of the risk. A symbolic shift marked by the designation of the polder of Camargue as “natural space”, a normative shift in measurement or the management has not been adapted to the contemporary change, a social economic shift due which had not taken into account the complexification that this agrarian company inherited the 19° century. The flood of 2003 revealed that the new provisions of local management of the risk were still insufficient. It had as consequence the creation of a broader device on the basin scale of the river, the “Rhone plan”.