gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ellipse to Hyperbola: “With This String I Thee Wed” (2011)

We introduce a string mechanism that traces both elliptic and hyperbolic arcs having the same foci. This suggests replacing each focus by a focal circle centered at that focus, a simple step that leads to new characteristic properties of central conics that also extend to the parabola.&#13;\nThe classical description of an ellipse and hyperbola as the locus of a point whose sum or absolute difference of focal distances is constant, is generalized to a common bifocal property, in which the sum or absolute difference of the distances to the focal circles is constant. Surprisingly, each of the sum or difference can be constant on both the ellipse and hyperbola. When the radius of one focal circle is infinite, the bifocal property becomes a new property of the parabola.&#13;\nWe also introduce special focal circles, called circular directrices, which provide equidistance properties for central conics analogous to the classical focus-directrix property of the parabola. Those familiar with paperfolding activities for constructing an ellipse or hyperbola using a circle as a guide, will be pleased to learn that the guiding circle is, in fact, a circular directrix.
On the Use of Data Flow Analysis in Static Profiling (2008)

Static profiling is a technique that produces estimates of execution likelihoods or frequencies based on source code analysis only. It is frequently used in determining cost/benefit ratios for certain compiler optimizations. In previous work,we introduced a simple algorithm to compute execution likelihoods,based on a control flow graph and heuristic branch prediction. In this paper we examine the benefits of using more involved analysis techniques in such a static profiler. In particular, we explore the use of value range propagation to improve the accuracy of the estimates, and we investigate the differences in estimating execution likelihoods and frequencies.
Impact of the residual facet reflectivity on beam profile filamentation in semiconductor laser amplifiers (1996)

Summary form only given. In this paper we elaborately apply the beam propagation method (BPM) to allow for the more appropriate superposition of the optical fields in the InGaAs-GaAs QW active semiconductor laser amplifer device. With the inclusion of the lateral phase variations we are able to study the impacts of residual facet reflectivities on the performance characteristics of traveling wave amplifiers in detail.
Low-loss silicon photonic switch module technology and its use for to transponder aggregators in optical network nodes (2018)

Silicon photonic switches are attractive for extensible optical switch systems required for optical networks in telecom areas and datacenters. We show our low-loss silicon photonic switch modules and their application to CDC-ROADMs using multiple modules.
Effects of different chloride precursors on crystal growth of lead halide perovskites (2015)

The optimized quantity and nature of a chloride precursor used for the formation of large perovskite crystals with minimal disorder were explored. The effect of the alkyl chain length of an alkyl ammonium chloride precursor on the crystal growth of CH3NH3PbI3 was systematically investigated. It was found that the addition of ethyl ammonium chloride (EACl) increased the crystal size, which is almost twice (88 nm) the size of standard perovskite crystals (47 nm) having a preferential orientation towards the (110) plane. Photoacoustic studies demonstrated that the disorder in the perovskite crystals was highly reduced by the addition of the EACl precursor.
TECHNOLOGIES TO ENHANCE OPERATION OF THE EXISTING NATURAL GAS COMPRESSION INFRASTRUCTURE (2005)

This quarterly report documents work performed under Tasks 10 through 14 of the project entitled: ''Technologies to Enhance Operation of the Existing Natural Gas Compression Infrastructure''. The project objective is to develop and substantiate methods for operating integral engine/compressors in gas pipeline service, which reduce fuel consumption, increase capacity, and enhance mechanical integrity. The report first documents tests performed on a KVG103 engine/compressor installed at Duke's Thomaston Compressor Station. This is the first series of tests performed on a four-stroke engine under this program. Additionally, this report presents results, which complete a comparison of performance before and after modification to install High Pressure Fuel Injection and a Turbocharger on a GMW10 at Williams Station 60. Quarterly Reports 7 and 8 already presented detailed data from tests before and after this modification, but the final quantitative comparison required some further analysis, which is presented in Section 5 of this report. The report further presents results of detailed geometrical measurements and flow bench testing performed on the cylinders and manifolds of the Laboratory Cooper GMVH6 engine being employed for two-stroke engine air balance investigations. These measurements are required to enhance the detailed accuracy in modeling the dynamic interaction of air manifold, exhaust manifold, and in-cylinder fuel-air balance.
Luminescence Resulting from Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Simple Hydroxy Compounds at a Nickel Anode in Alkaline Media Containing a Fluorescent Dye (1997)

Abstract Electrocatalytic oxidation of simple hydroxy compounds on a nickel(III) surface in alkaline media containing a fluorescent dye was demonstrated to lead to visible luminescence, probably due to energy transfer interactions between the fluorescent dye and oxidation products.
The Group Separation of Amino Acids on a Mixed IonExchange Column (1968)

単床および複床カラムにおけるアミノ酸の分離は多数行なわれてきたが, 混合カラムにおける研究はまだみられない。アミノ酸憶は双極性イオンとなりうる性質をもつので, 混合カラムにおけるクロマトグラフィー分離の方が有利であると期待される。そこで, Amberlite CG-50 (Na 形)と AmberliteCG-4B(C1形) の混合カラムをつくり, ph6.0 に調整した塩化ナトリウム溶液を溶離液として, 溶離展開させて分離を行ない, その結果を単床, 複床での結果と比較検討した。おもな結果はつぎのようになった。中性アミノ酸はイオン交換樹脂にまったく捕集されないか, または多少弱く捕集されてすぐに 0.01N 塩化ナトリウム溶液で溶出し, つぎに CG-4B にイオン交換 (吸着) された酸性アミノ酸が 0.025N 塩化ナトリウム溶液で溶出し, 最後に CG-50 にイオン交換 (吸着) された塩基性アミノ酸が溶出してきて, アミノ酸の群分離に成功した。さらに両性イオンに解離している pH 範囲での中性アミノ酸の分離において, 混合カラムは特長的挙動を示し, 他のどのカラムよりもすぐれた結果がえられた。
Synthesis and In-Vitro Antimycobacterial Studies of Cysteine Capped silver Nano-Particles (2009)

Nanoparticles are widely used for targeted drug delivery and for other biomedical applications. Particularly silver nanoparticles have gained much importance in nanobiotechnology due to their antimicrobial activity. In the present study, a novel nanobioconjugate of silver and cysteine has been prepared to study the antimycobacterial activity. This is the first ever study wherein Ag nano-particles have been capped by cysteine, which is a bioactive stablizer. The cysteine capped silver nano-particles were synthesized by reduction of silver nitrate using sodium borohydride as a reducing agent and cysteine as a capping agent (stabilizer). As-prepared silver nano-particles were characterized by Surface plasmon resonance by UV-Visible measurements, FTIR spectroscopy and particle size distribution measurements. The so-prepared Cy bound silver nano-particles (17ppm Ag in Cy) enhanced the anti mycobacterial activity of cysteine from 10 ppm to about 6 ppm similar to that is observed for nano-particles alone.
Investigating Mast Cell Secretory Granules; from Biosynthesis to Exocytosis (2015)

Mast Cells (MC) are secretory cells of the immune system that accomplish their physiological and pathological functions by releasing pre-formed and newly synthesized allergic, inflammatory and immunoregulatory mediators. MCs’ mediators affect multiple tissues and organs culminating in allergic and immune responses. The synthesis, storage and release of the MC mediators are highly regulated. The pre-formed mediators are packed in cytoplasmic secretory granules (SG) that fuse with the plasma membrane and release their content by regulated exocytosis. We present a protocol, based on the co-expression of a gene of interest with a reporter gene that is targeted to the SGs and is released in a regulated fashion alongside the endogenous SG mediators. The protocol enables high resolution four dimensional confocal analyses of the MC SGs and monitoring their timeline from biogenesis to triggered exocytosis. Thus, using this protocol for screening genes of interest for their phenotypic and functional impact allows deciphering the molecular mechanisms that govern the biogenesis and exocytosis of the MC SGs and identifying the regulators involved. Thereby, further insights into the cellular mechanisms that account for MCs function in health and disease should be provided.
Interpretation and physiological significance of blue-green and red vegetation fluorescence (2002)

Remote sensing of plant physiological state can be performed by the measurements of UV-excited blue-green leaf fluorescence and/or red chlorophyll fluorescence. The spectral distribution of the red chlorophyll fluorescence, as measured by the F685/F730 fluorescence ratio, can give information on the photosynthetic activity of the plant. By this measurement it is, therefore, possible to obtain in remote sensing data similar to those of the fluorescence induction kinetics practicable only as punctual detection. Blue-green leaf fluorescence provides a complementary mean of investigation of vegetation stresses since it comes mostly from many different UV-absorbing pigments present in the leaf epidermis.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Magneto-optical properties of GaAsSb/GaAs quantum wells (2003)

We have measured the diamagnetic shift of a heavy-hole exciton in a single 60 Å wide GaAs0.7Sb0.3/GaAs quantum well as a function of magnetic field up to 32 T at 1.3 K using photoluminescence spectroscopy. The sample was grown on (001)-oriented GaAs substrate using solid-source molecular beam epitaxy. We have calculated the variation of the diamagnetic shift as a function of magnetic field using a variational approach and a free exciton model. We assumed a weak type-I conduction-band lineup in our calculations. We found that the values thus obtained are more than twice as large as the observed values. A similar calculation assuming a complete localization of the heavy hole leads to the values of the diamagnetic shift which agree very well with the experimental data. Our study suggests that the excitons are strongly localized in GaAs0.7Sb0.3/GaAs quantum well structures at low temperatures, and that this heterostructure has a weak type-I conduction-band lineup.
Immunoblot analysis of Toxoplasma gondii antigens by human immunoglobulins G, M, and A antibodies at different stages of infection (1984)

The Toxoplasma gondii antigenic components eliciting the immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgM, and IgA antibody responses were studied by using follow-up sera from a laboratory worker who developed an acute glandular toxoplasmosis after an accidental infection with the protozoa. IgG toxoplasma antibodies reacted with multiple components over a wide molecular weight range from 6,000 to 150,000. In contrast, IgM toxoplasma antibodies reacted predominantly with polypeptides of 6, 25, and 35 kilodaltons, which might be useful in new diagnostic procedures. The general pattern of antigenic components in the IgA toxoplasma antibody response closely resembled that in the IgM response, even though some characteristic features were constantly observed. The possibility that the restricted IgM and IgA antibody responses relate to the pathogenetic events in human toxoplasmosis is considered.
Symmetric multiprocessing for the AIX operating system (2002)

Support for the operation of PowerPC symmetric multiprocessing systems was introduced with Version 4 of the AIX operating system. This paper describes its evolution from the uniprocessor Version 3 implementation. It also discusses the kernel changes to support threads which allow applications to exploit the inherent parallelism of SMP.
[Clinical trial of 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (5'-DFUR) in advanced cancer patients]. (1985)

5'-DFUR was administered orally to advanced or recurrent cancer patients at a daily dosage of 600-1200 mg divided into 3 or 4 times a day. Out of 13 evaluable cases 2PR, 2MR, 4NC and 5PD were observed, response rate was 15.4%. PR were obtained in one gastric cancer case and one breast cancer case. Side effects were observed in 6 cases out of 14 cases (42.9%) and major adverse reaction was gastro-intestinal toxicities such as anorexia, nausea-vomiting and diarrhea. Two leukocytopenia and one erythrocytopenia were observed. This study indicated that 5'-DFUR would be useful as a new anticancer agent.
On Chip Optical Modulator using Epsilon-Near-Zero Hybrid Plasmonic Platform (2019)

In this work, we propose a micro-scale modulator architecture with compact size, low insertion loss, high extinction ratio, and low energy/bit while being compatible with the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform. This is achieved through the utilization of epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) effect of indium-tin-oxide (ITO) to maximize the attainable change in the effective index of the optical mode. It also exploits the ITO layer in a hybrid plasmonic ring resonator which further intensifies the effect of the changes in both the real and imaginary parts of the effective index. By electrically inducing carriers in the indium tin oxide (ITO), to reach the ENZ state, the resonance condition shifts, and the losses of the hybrid plasmonic ring resonator increases significantly. This mechanism is optimized to maximize the extinction ratio and minimize the insertion loss. The proposed structure is designed to maximize the coupling to and from standard SOI waveguide, used as access ports. In addition, the operational region is reconfigurable by changing the bias voltage.
A Lipopeptide HIV-1/2 Fusion Inhibitor with Highly PotentIn Vitro,Ex Vivo, andIn VivoAntiviral Activity (2017)

Peptides derived from the C-terminal heptad repeat (CHR) region of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) fusogenic protein gp41 are potent viral entry inhibitors, and currently, enfuvirtide (T-20) is the only one approved for clinical use; however, emerging drug resistance largely limits its efficacy. In this study, we generated a novel lipopeptide inhibitor, named LP-19, by integrating multiple design strategies, including an N-terminal M-T hook structure, an HIV-2 sequence, intrahelical salt bridges, and a membrane-anchoring lipid tail. LP-19 showed stable binding affinity and highly potent, broad, and long-lasting antiviral activity. In <i>in vitro</i> studies, LP-19 efficiently inhibited HIV-1-, HIV-2-, and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-mediated cell fusion, viral entry, and infection, and it was highly active against diverse subtypes of primary HIV-1 isolates and inhibitor-resistant mutants. <i>Ex vivo</i> studies demonstrated that LP-19 exhibited dramatically increased anti-HIV activity and an extended half-life in rhesus macaques. In short-term monotherapy, LP-19 reduced viral loads to undetectable levels in acutely and chronically simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV)-infected monkeys. Therefore, this study offers an ideal HIV-1/2 fusion inhibitor for clinical development and emphasizes the importance of the viral fusion step as a drug target.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> The peptide drug T-20 is the only viral fusion inhibitor in the clinic, which is used for combination therapy of HIV-1 infection; however, it requires a high dosage and easily induces drug resistance, calling for a new drug with significantly improved pharmaceutical profiles. Here, we have developed a short-lipopeptide-based fusion inhibitor, termed LP-19, which mainly targets the conserved gp41 pocket site and shows highly potent inhibitory activity against HIV-1, HIV-2, and even SIV isolates. LP-19 exhibits dramatically increased antiviral activity and an extended half-life in rhesus macaques, and it has potent therapeutic efficacy in SHIV-infected monkeys, highlighting its high potential as a new viral fusion inhibitor for clinical use.
Discovery of Potent Pyrazoline-Based Covalent SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Inhibitors (2022)

Abstract While vaccines and antivirals are now being deployed for the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, we require additional antiviral therapeutics to not only effectively combat SARS-CoV-2 and its variants, but also future coronaviruses. All coronaviruses have relatively similar genomes that provide a potential exploitable opening to develop antiviral therapies that will be effective against all coronaviruses. Among the various genes and proteins encoded by all coronaviruses, one particularly “druggable” or relatively easy-to-drug target is the coronavirus Main Protease (3CL pro or Mpro), an enzyme that is involved in cleaving a long peptide translated by the viral genome into its individual protein components that are then assembled into the virus to enable viral replication in the cell. Inhibiting Mpro with a small-molecule antiviral would effectively stop the ability of the virus to replicate, providing therapeutic benefit. In this study, we have utilized activity-based protein profiling (ABPP)-based chemoproteomic approaches to discover and further optimize cysteine-reactive pyrazoline-based covalent inhibitors for the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. Structure-guided medicinal chemistry and modular synthesis of di- and tri-substituted pyrazolines bearing either chloroacetamide or vinyl sulfonamide cysteine-reactive warheads enabled the expedient exploration of structure-activity relationships (SAR), yielding nanomolar potency inhibitors against Mpro from not only SARS-CoV-2, but across many other coronaviruses. Our studies highlight promising chemical scaffolds that may contribute to future pan-coronavirus inhibitors.
Intratumoral cisplatin administration in electrochemotherapy (1998)

Electrochemotherapy using intratumoral cisplatin administration was tested on EAT tumors in mice. Mice were treated with eight electric pulses (100 micros, 1 Hz, 1040 V) and/or cisplatin (1, 2, 4 and 8 mg/kg). Cisplatin treatment resulted in up to 20 days of tumor growth delay. Electrochemotherapy resulted in tumor cures; local tumor control reached a plateau at 4 mg/kg in 67% of tumor cures. The maximal effect of electrochemotherapy was achieved when cisplatin was injected 5 min before or simultaneously with electric pulses application. Approximately two times more platinum was bound to DNA in electrochemotherapy than in cisplatin treated tumors at all time points tested. Our study shows that electrochemotherapy with intratumoral cisplatin administration is a very effective local treatment of EAT tumors with high curability rate.
Performance analysis of persistent hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) over satellite links (1997)

HTTP /1.1 Pipeline performance over satellite links, analyses the influence of the web page constitution on HTTP performance, and discusses the influence of the nagle algorithm on HTTP performance.Chapter four addresses the conclusions from the comparisons and analyses.
Analyzing SHCC structures with an efficient discrete model (2018)

Strain hardening cementitious composites (SHCC) are materials exhibiting high deformation capacity and excellent crack control, which have shown great potential for various engineering applications. In our previous study, a new discrete model is proposed for SHCC, with the use of continuum element for matrix damage/cracking behavior, truss element for fiber bridging effect and interface element for matrix-fiber interaction. By adopting appropriate constitutive laws for these elements, the proposed discrete model can accurately and efficiently reproduce the multiple cracking behavior and realistic load-displacement response of SHCC member under direct tension. Here the discrete model is used to simulate the failure process of SHCC members in real applications, such as under bending, under restrained shrinkage and subject to reflective cracking. It is found that the crack pattern, failure mode and load-displacement response under these conditions can be well captured by the discrete model. The work should provide insights into the failure mechanism of SHCC structures and the further optimization of their performance.
Meta-analysis of calcium bioavailability (2001)

American Journal of Therapeutics is an indispensable resource for all prescribing physicians who want to access pharmacological developments in cardiology, infectious disease, oncology, anesthesiology, nephrology, toxicology, and psychotropics without having to sift through stacks of medical journals. The journal features original articles on the latest therapeutic approaches as well as critical articles on the drug approval process and therapeutic reviews covering pharmacokinetics, regulatory affairs, pediatric clinical pharmacology, hypertension, metabolism, and drug delivery systems.
High-Throughput Small Molecule Identification Using MALDI-TOF and a Nanolayered Substrate (2011)

Encoderless combinatorial chemistry requires high-throughput product identification without the use of chemical or other tags. We developed a novel nanolayered substrate plate and combined it with a microarraying robot, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry, and custom software to produce a high-throughput small molecule identification system. To optimize system performance, we spotted 5 different chemical entities, spanning a m/z range of 195 to 1338, in 20,304 spots for a total of 101,520 molecules. The initial spot identification rate was 99.85% (20,273 spots), and after a proofreading algorithm was added, 100% of 20,304 spots and 101,520 molecules were identified. An internal recalibration algorithm also significantly improved mass accuracy to as low as 45 ppm. Using this optimized system, 47 different chemical entities, spanning a m/z range of 138 to 1,592, were spotted over 5,076 spots and could be identified with 100% accuracy. Our study lays the foundation for improved encoderless combinatorial chemistry.
Evaluation of the role of the D2 dopamine receptor in myoclonus dystonia (2000)

A novel Val154→Ile mutation in the D2 dopamine receptor (DRD2) on chromosome 11q23 has recently been shown to be associated with myoclonus dystonia (M-D) in one large family. Sequence analysis of the DRD2 gene in 5 M-D patients from different families did not reveal any mutations, nor was there evidence of linkage to the 11q23 region in the DRD2 gene in four other families. Receptor binding and signal transduction assays of the DRD2 mutant and wild-type receptors revealed identical agonist and antagonist affinities and functional responses. These studies suggest that M-D is genetically heterogeneous. The molecular mechanisms through which the Val→Ile mutation may contribute to M-D remain to be determined. Ann Neurol 2000;47:369–373