gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Direct Access to Mesoporous Crystalline TiO2/Carbon Composites with Large and Uniform Pores for Use as Anode Materials in Lithium Ion Batteries (2011)

Abstract Mesoporous and highly crystalline TiO 2 (anatase)/carbon composites with large (&gt;5 nm) and uniform pores were synthesized using PI‐ b ‐PEO block copolymers as structure directing agents. Pore sizes could be tuned by utilizing block copolymers with different molecular weights. The resulting mesoporous TiO 2 /carbon was successfully used as an anode material for Li ion batteries. Without addition of conducting aid (Super P), the electrode showed high capacity during the first insertion/desertion cycle due to carbon wiring inside the walls of mesoporous TiO 2 /carbon. The electrode further showed stable cycle performance up to 50 cycles and the specific charge capacity at 30 C was 38 mA h (g of TiO 2 ) −1 , which indicates CCM‐TiO 2 /carbon can be used as a material for high rate use. magnified image
On Representation of Lightning Return Stroke as a Lossy Monopole Antenna With Inductive Loading (2008)

In this paper, a modification of the antenna theory (AT) model of the lightning return stroke to include inductive loading is presented. The distributed inductive energy-storing elements are used in the modified AT model (designated as ATIL model, where IL stands for inductive loading) to control the propagation speed of the upward traveling current wave without using an artificial, higher permittivity dielectric medium, as done in the original AT model. The variation of the propagation speed along the channel is also considered in the proposed model. As in the original AT model, resistive loading is used to account for the current attenuation with height. Numerical solution of the electric field integral equation in the time domain using the with appropriate boundary conditions yields a time-space distribution of current along the lightning channel. This current distribution and the resultant electromagnetic fields for the ATIL model are compared with those predicted by other time-domain and frequency-domain electromagnetic models. The current distribution predicted by the ATIL model exhibits features (such as current dispersion) that are more consistent with optical observations of lightning compared to the predictions of the original AT model.
231. The reactions of anthracene and 9-methylanthracene with the free radicals derived from di-tert.-butyl peroxide (1956)

A. L. J. Beckwith and W. A. Waters, J. Chem. Soc., 1956, 1108 DOI: 10.1039/JR9560001108
Low Temperature Sensitive, Deep-Well 4.8 µm Emitting Quantum Cascade Semiconductor Lasers (2009)

A quantum-cascade laser design for suppressing carrier leakage from the active region was achieved. For both threshold and slope efficiency the characteristic temperatures, T0 and T1, reach values of 238 K over the 20-60°C range
Influence of the Glandless Genes in Cotton on Feeding, Oviposition, and Development of the Boll Weevil in the Laboratory123 (1966)

In feeding tests boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, fed significantly less on the glandless cotton lines Acala 4-42-77 GS, Atlas 182 GS, DPSL GS, Stardel GS, Stoneville 7A GS, and Wescot GS than on the glanded parent lines. In oviposition tests, the weevils laid significantly more eggs on Acala 4-42-77 GS, Vescot GS, and Coker 100A GS than on their glanded counterparts, but there was no difference in oviposition rate among the 9 other paired lines. In antibiosis tests, significantly larger weevils were reared from reconstituted lyophilized square powder diets made from 38-6 GS, Rex Smoothleaf GS, and Stardel GS than from similar diets made from the glanded parent lines. However, similar diets made from Acala 4-42-77 GS produced weevils weighing significantly less than those from glanded Acala 4-42-77. There was no significant difference in weevil developmental period between the glandless and glanded pairs studied. The results suggest that the glandless genes may not create increased susceptibility to the boll weevil, especially if care is exercised in the selection of the genetic background in which the genes will be placed.
Renal function and structure in subacute hepatic failure (2000)

It is concluded that glomerular and tubular dysfunction with subtle structural abnormalities does occur in patients with SHF. These are similar to renal changes in cirrhosis and may have similar pathogenetic mechanisms that require further evaluation.
Differential effects of surgical suture materials in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced rat intestinal neoplasia. (1984)

The incidence, distribution, size, and histopathology of rat small and large bowel tumors induced by sequential administration of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine followed by cecal placement of one of six differing types of suture materials were systematically examined. In addition, measurements of beta-glucuronidase activities in large bowel contents followed by fecal trace metal determinations were done. The results indicate that specific slowly absorbed and nonabsorbable suture materials in the absence of a surgical anastomosis promote tumor induction locally in the rat cecum. In addition, cecal suture material composed of multifilament stainless steel wire enhanced tumor development at a "downstream" site in the distal colon, paralleling increased fecal beta-glucuronidase activities at this site and implicating a possible luminally mediated mechanism for colon tumor development in this animal model.
Development of a rapid multiplex SSR genotyping method to study populations of the fungal plant pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici (2014)

This easy-to-use, accurate, repeatable, economical, and faster technical strategy can provide useful genetic information for evolutionary inferences concerning Z. tritici populations. Moreover, it will facilitate the comparison of studies from different scientific groups.
Correlation between microstructure and physical properties in styrene–ethylene copolymers (1995)

Abstract The structural organization and the physical properties of a new copolymer styrene–ethylene have been analyzed. The composition was 80% of ethylene units, corresponding to 52% in weight, with a distribution of styrene units in the chain implying the absence of styrene–styrene sequences. The length of the polyethylene chains, limited by the insertion of the phenyl group, is not sufficient to allow good crystallization, and in fact the copolymer shows a very low crystailinity, of the order of 5–10%, and a broad melting range, with a peak centered at 120°C. The small crystalline domains are segregated into an amorphous matrix, producing a thermoplastic elastomer. The mechanical properties at large deformation were analyzed at different temperatures. The copolymer shows good elastic properties, in terms of deformation reversibility as well as of energy dissipation in the hysteresis cycles. Also the stress level and the elastic recovery are very good, if compared with others thermoplastic elastomers. © 1995 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Alginate−Poly(ethylene glycol) Hybrid Microspheres with Adjustable Physical Properties (2010)

A one-step extrusion process under physiological conditions yielded calcium alginate-poly(ethylene glycol) hybrid microspheres (Alg-PEG-M), for which the physical properties were adjustable by the macromolecular characteristics of the components, their concentration as well as the process conditions. A solution containing a mixture of sodium alginate (Naalg) and multiarm vinyl sulfone-terminated PEG (PEG-VS) was extruded into a receiving bath providing calcium ions and a thiol cross-linker. Covalent cross-linking of PEG-VS occurred in the rapidly gelled spherical calcium alginate (Caalg) matrix. After liquefaction of the Caalg, the cross-linked PEG remained spherical. The stoichiometric ratio thiol/VS was decisive for the PEG gel stability. The permeability of the hydrogels could be tuned by adequate choice of the arm length of PEG-VS, while the swelling behavior was influenced by its concentration, the quality of the storage solvent, and the presence or absence of the Caalg matrix. Only slight differences of the mechanical resistance were observed after the dissolution of Caalg.
Iterative receiver for synchronous CDMA using hidden Markov model (2003)

The expectation maximization (EM) algorithm is popular in estimating the parameters of the statistical models. We consider application of the EM algorithm to maximum likelihood estimation. A hidden Markov model (HMM) formulation is used and the EM algorithm is applied to estimate the parameters of the HMM which, in turn, are used to estimate received amplitudes of the users. The proposed method is compared with that of Khan (see PIMRC, 2002) and is found to be superior.
Blind Turing-Machines: Arbitrary Private Computations from Group Homomorphic Encryption (2013)

Secure function evaluation (SFE) is the process of computing a function (or running an algorithm) on some data, while keeping the input, output and intermediate results hidden from the environment in which the function is evaluated. This can be done using fully homomorphic encryption, Yao's garbled circuits or secure multiparty computation. Applications are manifold, most prominently the outsourcing of computations to cloud service providers, where data is to be manipulated and processed in full confidentiality. Today, one of the most intensively studied solutions to SFE is fully homomorphic encryption (FHE). Ever since the first such systems have been discovered in 2009, and despite much progress, FHE still remains inefficient and difficult to implement practically. Similar concerns apply to garbled circuits and (generic) multiparty computation protocols. In this work, we introduce the concept of a blind Turing-machine, which uses simple homomorphic encryption (an extension of ElGamal encryption) to process ciphertexts in the way as standard Turing-machines do, thus achieving computability of any function in total privacy. Remarkably, this shows that fully homomorphic encryption is indeed an overly strong primitive to do SFE, as group homomorphic encryption with equality check is already sufficient. Moreover, the technique is easy to implement and perhaps opens the door to efficient private computations on nowadays computing machinery, requiring only simple changes to well-established computer architectures.
Juvenile Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Report of a Pedigree (1995)

Six patients with juvenile open-angle glaucoma have been studied clinically and genetically in a family pedigree consisting of 17 members. This study revealed that juvenile open-angle glaucoma has an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance and the detected patients showed incipient to severe disturbances of visual function.
Global Model for Calculating Room‐Temperature Glass Density from the Composition (2007)

A large silicate glass density database including 6719 compositions, obtained from SciGlass © and other published sources, was systematically analyzed for agreement among room‐temperature density data reported in the literature in 1030 different studies from various investigators. It was found that the literature data agree very well. Using just 101 of the initial 6719 degrees of freedom, 99.8% of the measured density data variance could be reproduced by an empirical polynomial model. The standard error of the developed model was 0.019 g/cm 3 .
Generalized Stokes parameters of random electromagnetic beams (2005)

A generalization of the Stokes parameters of a random electromagnetic beam is introduced. Unlike the usual Stokes parameters, which depend on one spatial variable, the generalized Stokes parameters, depend on two spatial variables. They obey precise laws of propagation, both in free space and in any linear medium, whether deterministic or random. With the help of the generalized Stokes parameters, the changes in the ordinary Stokes parameters upon propagation can be determined. Numerical examples of such changes are presented. The generalized Stokes parameters contain information not only about the polarization properties of the beam but also about its coherence properties. We illustrate this fact by expressing the degree of coherence of the electromagnetic beam in terms of one of the generalized Stokes parameters.
Red or rufous albinism in Southern Africa (1990)

Red or rufous albinism is a rare type of oculocutaneous albinism described, but not as yet fully investigated, in Africa and New Guinea. Twelve rufous albino subjects from 10 families participated in this preliminary study. The prevalence of rufous albinism was found to be approximately one in 8,580 among school children in the negroid population. The combination of the unusual red skin colour, ginger to reddish hair colour, low susceptibility to sun damage, and minimal visual problems, in affected individuals, suggested that they form a group which is distinct from the brown and other types of albinism. The mode of inheritance was found to be recessive. Tyrosinase assays showed that rufous albinos are tyrosinase positive and on electron microscopy studies normal melanosomes and melanocytes were observed in hair bulbs and skin. Visual evoked potential testing did not show the gross decussation abnormalities of the optic pathway detected in other types of albinism. Rufous albinism might be at one end of the spectrum of types of oculocutaneous albinism and, because affected people have such mild symptoms, their inclusion in this group might be debatable.
High-Throughput Mass Measurement Of Single Bacterial Cells By Silicon Nitride Membrane Resonators (2023)

We present a technological approach to precisely measure the dry mass of many individual cells of a bacteria colony. In this technique, bacteria are transported from aqueous solution into gas phase and subsequently guided to the surface of a silicon nitride membrane resonator. Abrupt downshifts in the membrane eigenfrequencies are measured upon every bacterium adhesion and are related to the dry mass of the cell by theoretical methods. We measure the dry mass of Escherichia coli K-12 and Staphylococcus epidermidis with an unprecedented throughput of 20 cells/min and with a mass resolution of ⁓1%. Finally, we apply the Koch & Schaechter model to assess the intrinsic sources of growth stochasticity.
Reduction of trend errors in power calculation by linear transformation of measured axial lengths (2003)

There were systematic differences in measured AL depending on equipment. Thus, the calculated powers differed and caused error in the degree of compliance between the labeled formula constant of an intraocular lens and the equipment used. Although personalization of formula constants reduces the mean error, in general a trend toward undercorrection of short eyes and overcorrection of long eyes will persist. Transforming the AL scale can eliminate the trend error and improve the overall refractive outcome. Transformation to a population mean AL of about 24.0 mm was close to optimum for the 3 formulas.
Enhancing protein-vitamin binding residues prediction by multiple heterogeneous subspace SVMs ensemble (2014)

The experimental results obtained with four separate vitamin-binding benchmark datasets demonstrate that the proposed TargetVita is superior to the state-of-the-art vitamin-specific predictor, and an average improvement of 10% in terms of the Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) was achieved over independent validation tests. The TargetVita web server and the datasets used are freely available for academic use at http://csbio.njust.edu.cn/bioinf/TargetVita or http://www.csbio.sjtu.edu.cn/bioinf/TargetVita.
HSP90 regulates cell survival via inositol hexakisphosphate kinase-2 (2008)

Heat-shock proteins (HSPs) are abundant, inducible proteins best known for their ability to maintain the conformation of proteins and to refold damaged proteins. Some HSPs, especially HSP90, can be antiapoptotic and the targets of anticancer drugs. Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase-2 (IP6K2), one of a family of enzymes generating the inositol pyrophosphate IP7 [diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate (5-PP-IP5)], mediates apoptosis. Increased IP6K2 activity sensitizes cancer cells to stressors, whereas its depletion blocks cell death. We now show that HSP90 physiologically binds IP6K2 and inhibits its catalytic activity. Drugs and selective mutations that abolish HSP90-IP6K2 binding elicit activation of IP6K2, leading to cell death. Thus, the prosurvival actions of HSP90 reflect the inhibition of IP6K2, suggesting that selectively blocking this interaction could provide effective and safer modes of chemotherapy.
Biomechanical Evaluation of Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction With Quadriceps Versus Achilles Tendon Bone Block Allograft (2016)

The quadriceps tendon is a viable graft option in PCL reconstruction as it exhibits a greater maximum force and is otherwise comparable to the Achilles allograft. These findings expand allograft availability in PCL reconstruction.
Cloud-Based FPGA Custom Computing Machines for Streaming Applications (2019)

A novel platform for launching and using field-programmable gate arrays (FPFA) custom computing machines (CCMs) in clouds and data centers is proposed. Based on a developed FPGA virtualization scheme, it allows users to create independent computing services on network-attached standalone FPGAs. The interface of the virtual FPGA (vFPGA)-based CCM is automatically generated by a virtualization layer and based on the user's specifications. An FPGA hypervisor has been developed that can be easily integrated with any cloud management tool. It allows the users to launch/use/tear down vFPGA-based CCMs in a similar manner to conventional virtual machines (VMs). A complete prototype of the proposed platform has been realized and tested with a streamed image processing application. Its performance was 3-4x and ~1.4-2.4x times better than an SW implementation on a VM and a powerful server, respectively. Compared with other platforms for FPGA attachment to a cloud or datacenter, the proposed platform has relatively low overhead in terms of FPGA resources while providing the highest level of abstraction and virtualization.
Supplementary table S2 from Cross-Talk between Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells and Mast Cells Mediates Tumor-Specific Immunosuppression in Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;The file contains the lists of MC and MDSC related genes&lt;/p&gt;
Quantification of spinal bone marrow fat fraction using three‐material decomposition technique on dual‐energy CT: A phantom study (2023)

<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:semantics><mml:mrow><mml:mi>F</mml:mi> <mml:msub><mml:mi>F</mml:mi> <mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi></mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation>$F{F_{3MD}}$</mml:annotation></mml:semantics> </mml:math> accurately quantified bone marrow fat fraction, when compared with <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:semantics><mml:mrow><mml:mi>F</mml:mi> <mml:msub><mml:mi>F</mml:mi> <mml:mrow><mml:mi>M</mml:mi> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:mi>I</mml:mi></mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation>$F{F_{MRI}}$</mml:annotation></mml:semantics> </mml:math> , in the specially constructed bone marrow phantom.
Reduction of Copper(ii) to Copper(i) in the Copper-Curcumin Complex Induces Decomposition of Curcumin (2012)

We report the decomposition of curcumin due to reduction of Cu(ii) to Cu(i). Cu(ii) binds tightly with curcumin to form a complex which exhibits a high stability in methanol, but it decomposes readily in acetonitrile and in SDS micelles in the presence of ascorbic acid, coincident with reduction of Cu(ii) to Cu(i). In this study, the UV-Vis absorption of the Cu-curcumin complex shows a monotonic decrease as a function of time, consistent with the decomposition of curcumin. At a high copper : curcumin molar ratio of 10 : 1, the UV-Vis absorption spectrum of the Cu(ii)-curcumin complex in acetonitrile exhibits a substantial blue shift of the absorption maximum from 420 nm to 350 nm, which is indicative of a significant decrease in conjugation length of curcumin in the presence of Cu(ii). Time-dependent mass spectrometry and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) data are also consistent with the decomposition of curcumin as a consequence of reduction of Cu(ii) to Cu(i).
Influence of Sleep Position Experience on Ability of Prone-Sleeping Infants to Escape From Asphyxiating Microenvironments by Changing Head Position (2004)

Infants who are inexperienced in prone sleeping have decreased ability to escape from asphyxiating sleep environments when placed prone. These observations potentially explain the increased risk associated with prone sleep in infants who are inexperienced. The increased occurrence of the face-down position in such infants is also potentially explained. These findings suggest that airway protective behaviors may be acquired through the mechanism of operant conditioning (learning).
AZD7545, a novel inhibitor of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 2 (PDHK2), activates pyruvate dehydrogenase in vivo and improves blood glucose control in obese (fa/fa) Zucker rats (2003)

PDH (pyruvate dehydrogenase) is a key enzyme controlling the rate of glucose oxidation, and the availability of gluconeogenic precursors. Activation of PDH in skeletal muscle and liver may increase glucose uptake and reduce glucose production. This study describes the properties of AZD7545, a novel, small-molecule inhibitor of PDHK (PDH kinase). In the presence of PDHK2, AZD7545 increased PDH activity with an EC(50) value of 5.2 nM. In rat hepatocytes, the rate of pyruvate oxidation was stimulated 2-fold (EC(50) 105 nM). A single dose of AZD7545 to Wistar rats increased the proportion of liver PDH in its active, dephosphorylated form in a dose-related manner from 24.7 to 70.3% at 30 mg/kg; and in skeletal muscle from 21.1 to 53.3%. A single dose of 10 mg/kg also significantly elevated muscle PDH activity in obese Zucker (fa/fa) rats. Obese, insulin-resistant, Zucker rats show elevated postprandial glucose levels compared with their lean counterparts (8.7 versus 6.1 mM at 12 weeks old). AZD7545 (10 mg/kg) twice daily for 7 days markedly improved the 24-h glucose profile, by eliminating the postprandial elevation in blood glucose. These results suggest that PDHK inhibitors may be beneficial agents for improving glucose control in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Overexploitation and Deterioration of Aquifers in Venezuela (1995)

Abstract Approximately 50 percent of the potable, industrial, and agricultural water supply in Venezuela comes from ground water, mined through some 40,000 wells scattered around the country. The majority of the productive aquifers consist of quaternary deposits in mountain valleys and coastal lowlands, all of which are situated in areas with limited or low precipitation. Intensive exploitation of several of these aquifers for the last 30 years has resulted in overdraft conditions and ground water contamination, causing serious socio‐economic consequences in various regions of Venezuela. This paper reviews the quality and quantity aspects of overdrafted aquifers in Venezuela, which can he classified into three major categories: (1) aquifers in the coastal lowlands in the stales of Falcon and Zulia of northern Venezuela: (2) the intermontane Carora and Quibor Valley Aquifers: and (3) aquifers in the Lake Valencia Watershed. If current trends of aquifer overexploitation continue, further water deficits and irreversible environmental damage are predicted.