gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
YOUNG BUYERS SEEK HONESTY, NOT GLITZ (1999)

SUBTITLE: TWENTY YEARS AGO, TOYOTA AND OTHER JAPANESE AUTOMAKERS CONNECTED WITH YOUTHFUL BABY BOOMERS, ENSURING DECADES OF GROWTH: ESTABLISHING A RAPPORT WITH YOUNG BUYERS TODAY IS PROVING FAR MORE DIFFICULT FOR THE JAPANESE AND EVERYONE ELSE.
Guanosine Triphosphate Activation of Brain Adenylate Cyclase: Enhancement by Long-Term Antidepressant Treatment (1983)

Activation of adenylate cyclase by a stable guanosine 5'-triphosphate analog was augmented in brain membrane preparations from rats treated on a long-term basis with tricyclic antidepressants or electroconvulsive shock. These treatments may facilitate cyclase activation by promoting the interaction of the regulatory and catalytic subunits of the enzyme. This finding suggests a possible mechanism for the changes in sensitivity to various neurotransmitters seen after antidepressant administration.
Intrathecal Synthesis of Autoantibodies to Myelin Basic Protein in Multiple Sclerosis (1986)

A solid phase radioimmunoassay was used to detect anti-myelin basic protein (MBP) antibodies in the CSF and serum of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and controls. CSF and serum samples were assayed prior to acid hydrolysis in order to detect free anti-MBP as well as after acid hydrolysis to measure the total (free and bound) amount of antibody. An anti-MBP index controlling for serum levels as well as the degree of breakdown of the blood brain barrier was used to estimate intrathecal synthesis of anti-MBP. MS patients with acute exacerbations or chronically progressive disease have significantly elevated levels of both free and total CSF anti-MBP. The anti-MBP index is also significantly increased in MS patients with both forms of active disease. Anti-MBP antibodies are intrathecally produced in MS patients with active disease.
Early and late HHV-6 gene transcripts in multiple sclerosis lesions and normal appearing white matter (2005)

Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the CNS, the aetiology of which is believed to have both genetic and environmental components. We have investigated one of the candidate viruses for the environmental component of multiple sclerosis, the neurotropic human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6). Utilizing fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) techniques, we have examined human post-mortem tissues for the presence of immediate early and late viral gene expression in multiple sclerosis patient normal appearing white matter (NAWM), lesional tissue and normal control brain samples. HHV-6 gene transcription was detected in all tissue samples and was restricted to oligodendrocytes, as determined by double mRNA FISH analysis. Quantitative analysis of viral mRNA expression indicated that both NAWM and lesional multiple sclerosis samples exhibited significantly higher levels of HHV-6 expression compared with the normal control samples. Lesional samples exhibited the highest levels of viral gene expression, with NAWM exhibiting an intermediate level between lesional and control tissues. Immunofluorescence against early and late HHV-6 proteins verified active translation of HHV-6 viral mRNA in oligodendrocytes. Southern blot analysis of nested polymerase chain reactions using extracted genomic DNA and cDNA confirmed the presence of the HHV-6 genome in all individuals, with the active expression profile mirroring the FISH results. The frequent high level of HHV-6 infection in multiple sclerosis samples suggests a possible role in pathogenesis.
Effects of physicochemical characteristics of feed ingredients on the apparent total tract digestibility of energy, DM, and nutrients by growing pigs1 (2018)

Effects of physicochemical characteristics of feed ingredients on DE and ME and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of GE, DM, and nutrients were determined in growing pigs using ingredients with different ratios between insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) and soluble dietary fiber (SDF). Eighty growing barrows (BW: 48.41 ± 1.50 kg) were allotted to a randomized complete block design with 10 diets and eight replicate pigs per diet. Dietary treatments included a corn-based diet, a wheat-based diet, a corn-soybean meal (SBM) diet, and seven diets based on a mixture of the corn-SBM diet and canola meal, distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), corn germ meal (CGM), copra expellers, sugar beet pulp (SBP), synthetic cellulose, or pectin. Values for the ATTD of DM and nutrients were also compared with the in vitro digestibility of GE, DM, and nutrients. Results indicated that the ATTD of GE was greater (P < 0.05) in wheat than in canola meal, DDGS, CGM, copra expellers, SBP, and synthetic cellulose, but not different from corn, SBM, or pectin. SBM had greater (P < 0.05) DE and ME (DM basis) compared with all other ingredients. The concentration of ME (DM basis) was greater (P < 0.05) in wheat than in canola meal, DDGS, CGM, copra expellers, SBP, synthetic cellulose, and pectin, but not different from corn. Stronger correlations between total dietary fiber (TDF) and DE and ME than between ADF or NDF and DE and ME were observed, indicating that TDF can be used to more accurately predict DE and ME than values for NDF or ADF. The DE, ME, and the ATTD of DM in ingredients were positively correlated (P < 0.05) with in vitro ATTD of DM, indicating that the in vitro procedure may be used to estimate DE and ME in feed ingredients. Swelling and water-binding capacity were positively correlated (P < 0.05) with the ATTD of IDF, TDF, nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP), and insoluble NSP, and viscosity was positively correlated (P < 0.05) with the ATTD of NDF, IDF, and insoluble NSP, indicating that some physical characteristics may influence digestibility of fiber. However, physical characteristics of feed ingredients were not correlated with the concentration of DE and ME, which indicates that these parameters do not influence in vivo energy digestibility in feed ingredients. It is concluded that the DE and ME in feed ingredients may be predicted from some chemical constituents and from in vitro digestibility of DM, but not from physical characteristics.
Effect of antioxidants on knee cartilage and bone in healthy, middle-aged subjects: a cross-sectional study (2007)

The aim of the present study is to examine the effect of dietary antioxidants on knee structure in a cohort of healthy, middle-aged subjects with no clinical knee osteoarthritis. Two hundred and ninety-three healthy adults (mean age = 58.0 years, standard deviation = 5.5) without knee pain or knee injury were selected from an existing community-based cohort. The intake of antioxidant vitamins and food sources by these individuals was estimated from a food frequency questionnaire at baseline. The cartilage volume, bone area, cartilage defects and bone marrow lesions were assessed approximately 10 years later using magnetic resonance imaging. In multivariate analyses, higher vitamin C intake was associated with a reduced risk of bone marrow lesions (odds ratio = 0.50, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.29-0.87, P = 0.01) and with a reduction in the tibial plateau bone area (beta = -35.5, 95% CI = -68.8 to -2.3, P = 0.04). There was an inverse association between fruit intake and the tibial plateau bone area (beta = -27.8, 95% CI = -54.9 to -0.7, P = 0.04) and between fruit intake and the risk of bone marrow lesions (odds ratio = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.52-0.99, P = 0.05). Neither fruit intake nor vitamin C intake was significantly associated with the cartilage volume or cartilage defects. Lutein and zeaxanthin intake was associated with a decreased risk of cartilage defects (odds ratio = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.51-0.99, P = 0.04), and vitamin E intake tended to be positively associated with the tibial plateau bone area (beta = 33.7, 95% CI = -3.1 to 70.4, P = 0.07) only after adjusting for vitamin C intake. The beta-cryptoxanthin intake was inversely associated with the tibial plateau bone area after adjusting for vitamin E intake (beta = -33.2, 95% CI = -63.1 to -3.4, P = 0.03). Intake of vegetables and other carotenoids was not significantly associated with cartilage or bone measures. The present study suggests a beneficial effect of fruit consumption and vitamin C intake as they are associated with a reduction in bone size and the number of bone marrow lesions, both of which are important in the pathogenesis of knee osteoarthritis. While our findings need to be confirmed by longitudinal studies, they highlight the potential of the diet to modify the risk of osteoarthritis.
Esterification Prevents Induction of the Mitochondrial Permeability Transition byN-Acetyl Perfluorooctane Sulfonamides (2006)

N-Alkyl perfluorooctane sulfonamides have been widely used as surfactants on fabrics and papers, fire retardants, and anticorrosion agents, among many other commercial applications. The broad use, global distribution, and environmental persistence of these compounds has generated considerable interest regarding potentially toxic effects. We have previously reported that perfluorooctanesulfonamidoacetate (FOSAA) and N-ethylperfluorooctanesulfonamidoacetate (N-EtFOSAA) induce the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) in vitro, resulting in cytochrome c release, inhibition of respiration, and generation of reactive oxygen species. By synthesizing the corresponding methyl esters of FOSAA and N-EtFOSAA (methyl perlfuorinated sulfonamide acetates), we tested the hypothesis that the N-acetate moiety of FOSAA and N-EtFOSAA is the functional group responsible for induction of the MPT. Swelling of freshly isolated liver mitochondria from Sprague-Dawley rats was monitored spectrophotometrically and membrane potential (DeltaPsi) was measured using a tetraphenylphosphonium-selective (TPP(+)) electrode. In the presence of calcium, 40 microM FOSAA and 7 microM N-EtFOSAA each induced mitochondrial swelling and a biphasic depolarization of membrane potential. Mitochondrial swelling and the second-phase depolarization were inhibited by cyclosporin-A or the catalyst of K(+)/H(+) exchange nigericin, whereas the first-phase depolarization was not affected by either. In contrast, the methyl esters of FOSAA and N-EtFOSAA exhibited no depolarizing or MPT inducing activity. Results of this investigation demonstrate that the carboxylic acid moiety of the N-acetates is the active functional group, which triggers the MPT by perfluorinated sulfonamides.
Mechanism of Lymph Node Metastasis in Prostate Cancer (2010)

Detection of lymph node metastases indicates poor prognosis for prostate cancer patients. Therefore, elucidation of the mechanism(s) of lymph node metastasis is important to understand the progression of prostate cancer and also to develop therapeutic interventions. In this article, the known mechanisms for lymph node metastasis are discussed and the involvement of lymphatic vessels in prostate cancer lymph node metastasis is comprehensively summarized. In addition, contradictory findings regarding the importance of lymphangiogenesis in facilitating lymph node metastasis in prostate cancer are pointed out and reconcilation is attempted.
Role of microsomal epoxide hydrolase in methamphetamine‐induced drug dependence in mice (2009)

Microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEH) and cytochrome P-450 (CYP) ensure the rapid detoxification of epoxides generated during the oxidative metabolism of xenobiotics. Although CYP has been demonstrated to modulate methamphetamine (METH)-induced behavioral effects, little is known about the role of the mEH gene on these effects. We examined the role of mEH gene expression in METH-induced conditioned place preference and behavioral sensitization by using mEH(-/-) and wild-type (WT) mice. Extracellular dopamine (DA) levels and DA uptake into synaptosomes were assessed by using an in vivo microdialysis and [(3)H]DA uptake assay. We applied double-label immunocytochemistry to characterize mEH-positive cellular types. METH-induced behavioral responses paralleled striatal c-Fos-like immunoreactivity. METH treatment resulted in increased extracellular DA levels in the nucleus accumbens but decreased synaptosomal DA uptake in the striatum. These behavioral and neurochemical changes were more pronounced in the mEH(-/-) mice than in WT mice. In WT mice, mEH-like immunoreactivity was expressed in astrocytes labeled by GFAP or S100B after METH treatment. The results suggest that epoxide intermediates mediate METH drug dependence and that astrocytic reactions of mEH protein are important in the endogenous modulation in response to METH drug dependence.
In vitro neuronal depolarization and increased synaptic activity induced by infrared neural stimulation (2016)

Neuronal responses to infrared neural stimulation (INS) are explored at the single cell level using patch-clamp electrophysiology. We examined membrane and synaptic responses of solitary tract neurons recorded in acute slices prepared from the Sprague-Dawley rat. Neurons were stimulated using a compact 1890 nm waveguide laser with light delivered to a small target area, comparable to the size of a single cell, via a single-mode fiber. We show that infrared radiation increased spontaneous synaptic event frequency, and evoked steady-state currents and neuronal depolarization. The magnitude of the responses was proportional to laser output.
Low‐Grade Glial Neoplasms and Intractable Partial Epilepsy: Efficacy of Surgical Treatment (1994)

We performed a retrospective study of 51 consecutive patients who underwent operation for intractable partial epilepsy related to low-grade intracerebral neoplasms between 1984 and 1990. All patients had medically refractory partial seizures and a mass lesion identified on neuroimaging studies. Lesionectomy was performed on 17 patients, and 34 had lesion resection and corticectomy. Mean postoperative follow-up was 4.4 years (range 2-8 years). Sixty-six percent of patients were seizure-free, and 88% experienced a significant reduction in seizure frequency. In 16 patients (31%), antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) were successfully discontinued. Twenty-five of 31 (81%) eligible patients obtained a driver's license after successful operation. Patients with complete tumor resection and no interictal epileptiform activity on postoperative EEG studies had the best operative outcome. Epilepsy surgery can result in long-term improvement in seizure control and quality of life (QOL) in selected patients with intractable tumor-related epilepsy. Our results should be useful to clinicians considering treatment options for patients with intractable seizures related to low-grade intracerebral neoplasms.
Improved Optical and Electrical Characteristics of Free-Standing GaN Substrates by Chemical Polishing Utilizing Photo-Electrochemical Method (2011)

The optical and electrical properties of GaN(0001) surfaces treated by a novel chemical polishing method are described. Scanning microscopic photoluminescence images reveal that the polished GaN surface shows improved luminescence properties compared to the untreated surface. Current-voltage measurements of Schottky barriers formed using the GaN substrates show that the polished GaN surface has a lower reverse leakage current, and that the barrier height and ideality factor are improved after the polishing treatment.
High uniformity deposition with chemical beams in high vacuum (2002)

Keywords: [NRG] Reference LOA-CONF-2002-015View record in Web of Science Record created on 2009-07-20, modified on 2017-05-10
Fast Cu(In, Ga)Se<inf>2</inf> formation by processing Cu-In-Ga precursors in selenium atmosphere (2011)

The selenization of metallic precursors is a widely used and investigated technique for the fabrication of Cu(In, Ga)Se <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> films on large areas. A vacuum process with Se supply from the gas phase can be a suitable way to achieve a homogeneous, fast and controllable selenization reaction. In this study in situ XRD measurements are employed to investigate the reaction path for this type of process. The experimental setup is based on a reaction box mounted at a white light beamline of the synchrotron facility BESSY. Diffraction signals as well as K <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">α</sub> fluorescence lines of Mo, In and Se can be measured with high time resolution via energy dispersive detection. To elucidate the influence of selenium on the metallic precursors upon heating a comparison of experiments with and without Se exposure is presented. For the Se-free process the phases In and a Cu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> (In, Ga) <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">y</sub> -phase are detected at room temperature. The solid In phase melts according to its melting point at approximately 150°C, the remaining metallic phase melts at significantly higher temperatures of approximately 600°C. In the selenization process the metallic phases behave similar to the Se-free annealing process. The first detectable Se-containing phases are indium selenides. The indium selenides and the metallic diffraction signals vanish when chalcopyrite is formed. The Se fluorescence intensity was utilized to evaluate Se incorporation in the layers. Solar cells made out of absorbers from this kind of process exhibit fill factors of up to 72% and efficiencies up to 14%. The open circuit voltage was comparatively low with 535 mV and QE measurements confirmed a low band gap of approximately 1.0 eV. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) measurements on the cross section showed a significant Ga enrichment at the back of the film.
Conducting polymer microcontainers for biomedical applications (2017)

Advancement in the development of metallic-based implantable micro-scale bioelectronics has been limited by low signal to noise ratios and low charge injection at electrode-tissue interfaces. Further, implantable electrodes lose their long-term functionality because of unfavorable reactive tissue responses. Thus, substantial incentive exists to produce bioelectronics capable of delivering therapeutic compounds while improving electrical performance. Here, we have produced hollow poly(pyrrole) microcontainers (MCs) using poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) as degradable templates. We demonstrate that the effective surface area of the electrode increases significantly as deposition charge density is increased, resulting in a 91% decrease in impedance and an 85% increase in charge storage capacity versus uncoated gold electrodes. We also developed an equivalent circuit model to quantify the effect of conducting polymer film growth on impedance. These MC-modified electrodes offer the potential to improve the electrical properties of implantable bioelectronics, as well as provide potential controlled release avenues for drug delivery applications.
Discussion of recent developments in hybrid atomistic-continuum methods for multiscale hydrodynamics (2005)

We discuss recent progress in hybrid atomistic-continuum methods with particular emphasis on developments in boundary condition imposition in molecular simulations, an essential ingredient of hybrid methods. Both Dirichlet (state variable) and flux boundary conditions are discussed. We also briefly review various coupling approaches and discuss the effects of compressibility and molecular fluctuations on the choice of coupling method. Common elements between hybrid methods and related multiscale simulation approaches are also
Dynamic Power Management of Voltage-Frequency Island Partitioned Networks-on-Chip using Intel Sing-Chip Cloud Computer (2011)

Continuous technology scaling has enabled the integration of multiple cores on the same chip. To overcome the disadvantages of buses, the Network-on-Chip (NoC) architecture has been proposed as a new communication paradigm. To further mitigate the tradeoff between performance and power consumption, dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) became the de facto approach in multi-core design. DVFS-based NoC communication was implemented in Intel's most recent Singlechip Cloud Computer (SCC). Using the SCC we demonstrate a power management algorithm that runs in real time and dynamically adjusts the performance of the islands to reduce power consumption while maintaining the same level of performance.
VGLL2-NCOA2 leverages developmental programs for pediatric sarcomagenesis (2023)

Clinical sequencing efforts are rapidly identifying sarcoma gene fusions that lack functional validation. An example is the fusion of transcriptional coactivators, VGLL2-NCOA2, found in infantile rhabdomyosarcoma. To delineate VGLL2-NCOA2 tumorigenic mechanisms and identify therapeutic vulnerabilities, we implement a cross-species comparative oncology approach with zebrafish, mouse allograft, and patient samples. We find that VGLL2-NCOA2 is sufficient to generate mesenchymal tumors that display features of immature skeletal muscle and recapitulate the human disease. A subset of VGLL2-NCOA2 zebrafish tumors transcriptionally cluster with embryonic somitogenesis and identify VGLL2-NCOA2 developmental programs, including a RAS family GTPase, ARF6. In VGLL2-NCOA2 zebrafish, mouse, and patient tumors, ARF6 is highly expressed. ARF6 knockout suppresses VGLL2-NCOA2 oncogenic activity in cell culture, and, more broadly, ARF6 is overexpressed in adult and pediatric sarcomas. Our data indicate that VGLL2-NCOA2 is an oncogene that leverages developmental programs for tumorigenesis and that reactivation or persistence of ARF6 could represent a therapeutic opportunity.
Cloning and Characterization of the Human β4-Integrin Gene Promoter and Enhancers (1998)

The cell-surface adhesion molecule alpha6beta4-integrin is a receptor for laminins and a component of hemidesmosomes. beta4-Integrin expression is restricted to proliferating basal keratinocytes in the epidermis and is suppressed when differentiation commences. Altered beta4-integrin expression levels correlate significantly with the aggressive behavior of cancers. In order to clarify the mechanisms that regulate transcription of the beta4-integrin gene, we cloned its 5'-flanking region. This 5'-flanking region was found to have a high G + C content and not to contain either TATA or CAAT boxes. Nested delimitation and reporter analyses mapped a basal promoter to nucleotides -106 to +105, surrounding the most proximal transcription initiation site. Gel retardation and mutational analyses revealed that cooperation between AP1 and Ets, interacting with other factors, mediated the promoter activity. In addition to the promoter element, enhancer activity was found in the first intron (+1905/+3933) and in a sequence upstream of the promoter region (-414/-107). These findings should facilitate our understanding of the regulation of beta4-integrin gene expression in processes such as cell growth and differentiation, apoptosis, and cancer development and metastasis.
A Deep Learning Model for Automated Segmentation of Geographic Atrophy Imaged Using Swept-Source OCT (2022)

When compared with manual methods, this proposed deep learning-based automated algorithm for GA segmentation using en face SS-OCT images was able to accurately delineate GA and produce reproducible measurements of the enlargement rates of GA.