gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Individual Ionization Constants of All the Carboxyl Groups in Ribonuclease HI from Escherichia coli Determined by NMR (1994)

All of the individual carboxyl groups (the side-chain carboxyl groups of Asp and Glu, and the C-terminal alpha-carboxyl group) in Escherichia coli ribonuclease HI, which is an enzyme that cleaves the RNA strand of a RNA/DNA hybrid, were pH-titrated, and their ionization constants (pKa) were determined from an analysis of the pH-dependent chemical shifts of the carboxyl carbon resonances obtained from 1H-13C heteronuclear two-dimensional NMR. The pKa values in the enzyme varied widely among individual residues, for example, in the unusual pKa values for two important catalytic residues, Asp10 (pKa 6.1) and Asp70 (pKa 2.6). Moreover, remarkable two-step titrations were observed for these carboxylates. The binding of Mg2+ ion to the enzyme, which is the cofactor necessary for catalytic activity, caused no significant change in the pKa values of the carboxyl groups, except for that of Asp10. The variations of the pKas that were dependent on the microenvironment in the protein were theoretically reproduced to compare with the experimental results by a numerical calculation, using a continuum electrostatic model. Most of the significant pKa decreases were brought about through strong electrostatic interactions with the neighboring basic amino acids, Arg or Lys. The pKa shifts and the two-step titrations of Asp10 and -70, which are close to each other, were interpreted to be due to the neighboring effect of two functional groups, as observed in the interacting titratable groups of a dicarboxyl compound or in the active site carboxylates of lysozyme and aspartic protease. The role of Asp10 in the catalytic action is either to be the proton donor to the RNA moiety or the binding partner of the Mg2+ ion cofactor. Asp70, on the other hand, is considered to be the proton acceptor from a water molecule.
Pronounced Intraspecific Haplotype Divergence at the RPP5 Complex Disease Resistance Locus of Arabidopsis (1999)

, Tracey L. Moores, Erik A. van der Biezen, Martin Parniske, Michael J. Daniels, Jane E. Parker, Jonathan D. G. Jones, Pronounced Intraspecific Haplotype Divergence at the RPP5 Complex Disease Resistance Locus of Arabidopsis, The Plant Cell, Vol. 11, No. 11 (Nov., 1999), pp. 2099-2111
Relations between Intuitive Biological Thinking and Biological Misconceptions in Biology Majors and Nonmajors (2015)

Research and theory development in cognitive psychology and science education research remain largely isolated. Biology education researchers have documented persistent scientifically inaccurate ideas, often termed misconceptions, among biology students across biological domains. In parallel, cognitive and developmental psychologists have described intuitive conceptual systems--teleological, essentialist, and anthropocentric thinking--that humans use to reason about biology. We hypothesize that seemingly unrelated biological misconceptions may have common origins in these intuitive ways of knowing, termed cognitive construals. We presented 137 undergraduate biology majors and nonmajors with six biological misconceptions. They indicated their agreement with each statement, and explained their rationale for their response. Results indicate frequent agreement with misconceptions, and frequent use of construal-based reasoning among both biology majors and nonmajors in their written explanations. Moreover, results also show associations between specific construals and the misconceptions hypothesized to arise from those construals. Strikingly, such associations were stronger among biology majors than nonmajors. These results demonstrate important linkages between intuitive ways of thinking and misconceptions in discipline-based reasoning, and raise questions about the origins, persistence, and generality of relations between intuitive reasoning and biological misconceptions.
Extracellular matrix metalloproteinases around loose total hip prostheses (1994)

We have explored the tissue localization of extracellular matrix metalloproteinases MMP-1 (fibroblast collagenase), MMP-2 (72-kDa gelatinase/Type IV collagenase), MMP-3 (stromelysin), MMP-8 (polymorphonuclear leukocyte collagenase) and MMP-9 (92-kDa gelatinase/Type IV collagenase) in the tissues around loose hip prostheses. The findings were compared with those in synovial tissues obtained from patients with a fractured femoral neck. MMP-type specific antisera were applied in the sensitive avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex methods. MMP-1 was found in monocyte/macrophages, fibroblasts, and vascular endothelial cells in both interface tissues between bone and acetabular components and the pseudocapsular tissues obtained from loosening of hip prostheses. In these tissues, MMP-8 was occasionally found, but only in polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Cells showing immunoreactivity to 72- and 92-kDa gelatinase/Type IV collagenase, MMP-2 and MMP-9, respectively, and stromelysin, MMP-3, were abundant in both interface and pseudocapsular tissues in loose hip prostheses. In contrast, in hip fractures, immunoreactivity to MMP-1, 2, 3, and 9 was weak and only observed in synovial tissues. Immunoreactivity to MMP-8 was confined to polymorphonuclear leukocytes attached to the synovial membrane or in the infiltrate around blood vessels in the subsynovial connective tissues. The finding of MMP-1, 2, 3, and 9 in the tissues around loose hip prostheses suggests that they play a role in the weakening of connective tissues, and this leads to loosening.
HE4 a novel tumour marker for ovarian cancer: comparison with CA 125 and ROMA algorithm in patients with gynaecological diseases (2011)

The aim of this study is to evaluate a new tumour marker, HE4, in comparison with CA 125 and the Risk of Ovarian Malignancy Algorithm (ROMA) in healthy women and in patients with benign and malignant gynaecological diseases. CA 125 and HE4 serum levels were determined in 66 healthy women, 285 patients with benign gynaecological diseases (68 endometriosis, 56 myomas, 137 ovarian cysts and 24 with other diseases), 33 patients with non-active gynaecological cancer and 143 with active gynaecological cancer (111 ovarian cancers). CA 125 and HE4 cut-offs were 35 U/mL and 150 pmol/L, respectively. ROMA algorithm cut-off was 13.1 and 27.7 for premenopausal or postmenopausal women, respectively. HE4, CA 125 and ROMA results were abnormal in 1.5%, 13.6% and 25.8% of healthy women and in 1.1%, 30.2% and 12.3% of patients with benign diseases, respectively. Among patients with cancer, HE4 (in contrast to CA 125) had significantly higher concentrations in ovarian cancer than in other malignancies (p < 0.001). Tumour marker sensitivity in ovarian cancer was 79.3% for HE4, 82.9% for CA 125 and 90.1% for ROMA. Both tumour markers, HE4 and CA 125 were related to tumour stage and histological type, with the lowest concentrations in mucinous tumours. A significantly higher area under the ROC curve was obtained with ROMA and HE4 than with CA 125 in the differential diagnosis of benign gynaecological diseases versus malignant ovarian cancer (0.952, 0.936 and 0.853, respectively). Data from our population indicate that ROMA algorithm might be further improved if it is used only in patients with normal HE4 and abnormal CA 125 serum levels (cancer risk for this profile is 44.4%). ROMA algorithm in HE4 positive had a similar sensitivity and only increases the specificity by 3.2% compared to HE4 alone.
Mobile computing on wireless telecommunication networks (2002)

This paper discusses MSA; a Mobility Support Architecture for IP nodes on a wireless telecommunication network. MSA has the capability of performing IP node location management, address resolution from an IP address to an identification number of a node on a wireless telecommunication network, and virtual circuit control across IP subnetworks. MSA avoids redundant mobility management, and provides efficient routing to IP nodes on a wireless telecommunication network. In order to accomplish the optimal route between IP nodes, MSA cooperates with the route optimization mechanism of IETF Mobile IP. As a result, MSA realizes an IP node on a wireless telecommunication network, which communicates optimally with other IP nodes on a wireless telecommunication network and other networks without any extensions except for a wireless telecommunication network interface module. We implemented a prototype system based on a kind of PCS. This paper concludes that MSA proposes a new mobile IP mechanism suitable for IP nodes on wireless telecommunication network environments and proves its efficiency through measurement and consideration.
Efficiency Improvement of GaN-Based LEDs with ITO Texturing Window Layers Using Natural Lithography (2006)

In conventional GaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs), a significant gap exists between the internal and external efficiencies owing to the narrow escape cone for light in high refractive index semiconductors. In this paper, p-side-up GaN/sapphire LEDs with surface-textured indium-tin-oxide (ITO) window layers were investigated using natural lithography with polystyrene spheres as the etching mask. Under optimum etching conditions, the surface roughness of the ITO film can reach 140 nm, while the polystyrene sphere on the textured ITO surface is maintained at about 250-300 nm in diameter. The LEDs fabricated using the surface-textured ITO provided an output power that exceeded that of the planar-surface LED by about 30% and 40% at 20 and 400 mA current injection, respectively. After calculating, the extraction quantum efficiency of ITO/GaN LEDs with and without textured surface is 22.6% and 17.4%, respectively. There is about 5.3% improvement in the extraction quantum efficiency
Relaxation and exercise in lymphoma survivors (REIL study): a randomised clinical trial protocol (2019)

The REIL study has been registered on a publicly accessible database, ClinicalTrials.gov, Registration Number: NCT02272751, October 2014.
Quasi-total absorption peak by use of a backed rigid frame porous layer with circular periodic inclusions embedded (2010)

The acoustic properties of a porous sheet of medium resistivity backed by a rigid plate in which are embedded a periodic set of circular inclusions is investigated. Such a structure behaves like a multi-component diffraction gratings. Numerical results show that this structure presents a quasi-total absorption peak below the essential spectrum, i.e. below the frequence of the fundamental quarter-wavelength resonance of the porous sheet in absence of inclusions. This result is explained either by the excitation of a complex trapped mode, or by the increase of viscous loss associated with a larger velocity gradient inside the layer at the modified quarter-wavelength resonance frequency. When more than one inclusion per spatial period are considered, additional quasi-total frequency peak are observed. The numerical results as calculated with the help of the mode-matching method described in the paper agree those as calculated with the help of a Finite Element method.
Epiretinal Membrane Detection in Optical Coherence Tomography Retinal Images Using Deep Learning (2021)

Epiretinal membrane (ERM) is an eye disease that affects 7% of the world population, with a higher incidence in people over 75 years old. If left untreated, it can lead to complications in the central vision, resulting in severe vision loss. Early detection is important for progress follow-up, treatment monitoring, and to avoid total vision loss. Optical coherence tomography, a non-invasive retina imaging technique, can be used for effective detection and monitoring of this condition. To date, automatic methods to detect ERM have received little attention in the research literature. This article describes the application of deep learning to the automatic detection of ERM. The proposed solution is based on four widely used convolutional neural network architectures adapted to the task using transfer learning, and fine-tuned with a proprietary dataset. The architectures were specialized by optimizing the network hyperparameters and two loss functions, cross-entropy and focal loss. A detailed description of the methods is provided, complemented with an exhaustive evaluation of their performance. Overall, the methods reached an accuracy of 99.7%, with sensitivity and specificity of 99.47% and 99.93%, respectively. The results showed that transfer learning enabled a successful use of deep learning to detect ERM in optical coherence tomography retinal images, even when only relatively small training datasets are available.
Features Generation by Means of Currents' Physical Components for Load Identification (2015)

Wydawnictwo SIGMA-NOT wydaje czasopisma fachowe informujące swoich czytelników o najnowszych osiągnięciach naukowych i nowoczesnych rozwiązaniach technicznych w Polsce i na świecie, popularyzuje problemy techniczne oraz poszerza wiedzę i kulturę techniczną.
Ternary and quaternary selenide crystals for nonlinear optical applications (2011)

We have developed several binary, ternary and quaternary sulfide and selenide crystals for nonlinear optical applications and present an overview on the crystal growth and characterization of crystals for nonlinear optical (NLO) conversion efficiency. We have summarized the performance of silver gallium selenide (AgGaSe<sub>2</sub>), thallium arsenic selenide (Tl<sub>3</sub>AsSe<sub>3</sub>), and silver gallium germanium selenide (AgGaGe<sub>3</sub>Se<sub>8</sub> and AgGaGe<sub>5</sub>Se<sub>12</sub>) crystals and have compared with gallium selenide (GaSe). All these crystals were grown by vertical Bridgman method in quartz ampoules by using stoichiometric compounds synthesized from constituent elements. The significant problem of cleaving of GaSe was reduced in ternary and quaternary compounds. Experimental results showed that binary, ternary and quaternary selenide compounds transmit at wavelengths up to 16 &mu;m, have reasonably high value of nonlinear conversion merit (d<sup>2</sup>/n<sup>3</sup>, where d is the NLO coefficient and n is the refractive index) and have the lowest absorption coefficient compared to arsenides, phosphides and other nonlinear optical (NLO) materials.
Summarizing data through a piecewise linear growth curve model (2004)

Most of the research in clinical trials is based on longitudinal designs, which involve repeated measurements of a variable of interest. Such designs are very powerful, both statistically and scientifically. Recent advances in statistical theory and software development incorporate the covariance structures such as unstructured, compound symmetry, auto-regressive and random effects, etc., for analysing longitudinal data. Hathaway et al. propose a technique for summarizing longitudinal data using linear growth curve model and establish that the number of summary statistics is fixed as four irrespective of the length of study. In this paper, we develop a procedure for analysing the longitudinal data through a piecewise linear growth curve model on the lines of Hathaway et al. Under different covariance structures, the linear model is fitted for Leprosy data and the residual sum of squares computed. Goodness of fit has also been considered for various models. In order to prove that the proposed method is robust and better than the others in terms of goodness of fit, simulation studies are carried out and the results presented.
Quantification of primary frequency control provision from battery energy storage systems connected to active distribution networks (2018)

International audience
Evolution of Rail Operations Control Centres (2022)

The article gives an overview of the evolution trends and stages of rail operations control centres (ROCCs) and outlines their future development and challenges in the context of the digital transformation of railway transport. It addresses the key aspects of further evolution of ROCCs in terms of closer integration of various functional layers and systems, automation of control and supervision functionalities, application of new data processing methods based on artificial intelligence.
Laser Metal Deposition for High-Density Interconnect (1992)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Y. S. LIU, "Laser Metal Deposition for High-Density Interconnect," Optics & Photonics News 3(6), 10-14 (1992) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Experimental approaches to the development of a recombinant hookworm vaccine (1999)

Hookworm infection is a major parasitic cause of morbidity in the developing nations of the tropics. Development of a genetically engineered vaccine would be a useful tool in the control of this infection in highly endemic areas. Recombinant polypeptides belonging to the Ancylostoma secreted protein (ASP)-1 family have shown promise for reducing hookworm burdens after larval challenge infections in mice. Typically, these polypeptides are expressed in Escherichia coli and administered as an alum precipitate. Vaccine protection is antibody dependent. It is anticipated that a cocktail of different recombinant hookworm antigens may be required in order to effectively prevent heavy hookworm infections and disease. The progress of this work has been hampered by the absence of both a convenient laboratory animal with which to study hookworm infections resembling human infection, as well as the lack of easy availability of native hookworm antigens. In addition, useful human serologic correlates of antihookworm immunity are still poorly defined.
A Local Residual Finite Element Procedure for Elliptic Equations (1978)

A finite element procedure for approximately solving a linear elliptic boundary value problem is defined and analyzed. In this procedure $Lu = f$ is approximately solved in each element by requiring that a projection of the residual vanish and the local solutions are tied together by penalty equations which weakly impose the boundary conditions and the necessary degree of inter-element continuity. Optimal $L^2$ and $H^1$ error estimates are established.
MutationalPatterns: an integrative R package for studying patterns in base substitution catalogues (2016)

Mutational processes leave characteristic footprints in genomic DNA. The MutationalPatterns R package provides an easy-to-use toolset for the characterization and visualization of mutational patterns in base substitution catalogues of e.g. tumour samples or DNA-repair deficient cells. The package covers a wide range of patterns including: mutational signatures, transcriptional strand bias, genomic distribution and association with genomic features, which are collectively meaningful for studying the activity of mutational processes. The package provides functionalities for both extracting mutational signatures de novo and inferring the contribution of previously identified mutational signatures in a given sample. MutationalPatterns integrates with common R genomic analysis workflows and allows easy association with (publicly available) annotation data.
Availability and implementation: The MutationalPatterns R package is freely available for download at https://github.com/CuppenResearch/MutationalPatterns. The package documentation provides a detailed description of typical analysis workflows.
Burkitt's tumor as a stalking horse for leukemia (1972)

The<i>Oxford Universal Dictionary</i>defines a stalking horse as "a horse trained to allow a fowler to conceal himself behind it or under its coverings in order to get within easy range of the game without alarming it." Thus the title and its definition are meant to suggest that a careful study of Burkitt's tumor may provide a useful approach to the eventual control of acute leukemia. The original interest of our group in Burkitt's tumor<sup>1</sup>began with the assumption that 5-fluorodeoxyuridine might be of benefit in the treatment of cancer of the liver, which is so prevalent in some parts of Africa. It was at that time that Wood told us of the work Clifford was doing on nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Nairobi and suggested that Kenya might also be an excellent place to start our work on the treatment of liver cancer. From our original exploratory trip in
Determination of donepezil in human plasma using ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (2018)

An ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the quantification of donepezil in human plasma. Donepezil and donepezil-D4 were extracted from human plasma by liquid-liquid extraction using a mixture of hexane and ethyl acetate (70:30 v/v). The extracted samples were analyzed using a Thermo Hypersil Gold C18 column with 5% acetic acid in 20 mM ammonium acetate buffer (pH 3.3) and 100% acetonitrile as a mobile phase with the 60:40 (v:v) isocratic method, at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. The injection volume was 3 µL, and the total run time was 3 min. Inter- and intra-batch accuracies ranged from 98.0% to 110.0%, and the precision was below 8%. The developed method was successfully applied to the quantification of donepezil in human plasma. The mean (standard deviation) maximum concentration and the median (range) time to maximum concentration were 8.6 (2.0) ng/mL and 2.0 h (1.0~5.0 h), respectively, in healthy Koreans after oral administration of 5 mg donepezil.
The performance of a radio link for indoor communications at 29 Ghz (1994)

This paper focuses on the design of an indoor broadband radio system at 29 GHz with some emphasis on the effect of antennas on the availability of the system, for various cell sizes. The system has a maximum information bit rate of 155 Mb/sec and a maximum receiver noise figure of 8 dB. Channel measurements with antenna diversity were carried out during an earlier stage of the project at 2L6 GHz and 37.2 GHz. The resulting characterization provided knowledge of the parameters needed to evaluate the performance of the link. These included large-scale path-loss models which gave estimates of the power-law exponents and statistics of the received envelope. Transceiver characteristics and measured channel behavior as outlined above along with the different antenna types (omnidirectional and horn) and different antenna orientations determine the distribution of the received power across the cell, and thus the average availability. Practical configurations were investigated involving partial alignment or no alignment of the base station and portable antennas. Full antenna alignment was also examined for the purpose of comparison.
Problems (1982)

V. N. Murty, Norman Schaumberger, Walter Bluger, K. R. S. Sastry, Gary F. Birkenmeier, Boon-Yian Ng, Sydney Bulman-Fleming, Edward T. H. Wang, Howard Eves, Sidney Kravitz, Mark C. Anderson, Problems, The Two-Year College Mathematics Journal, Vol. 13, No. 4 (Sep., 1982), pp. 276-283