gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Learning Neural Duplex Radiance Fields for Real-Time View Synthesis (2023)

Neural radiance fields (NeRFs) enable novel view synthesis with unprecedented visual quality. However, to render photorealistic images, NeRFs require hundreds of deep multilayer perceptron (MLP) evaluations - for each pixel. This is prohibitively expensive and makes real-time rendering infeasible, even on powerful modern GPUs. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to distill and bake NeRFs into highly efficient mesh-based neural representations that are fully compatible with the massively parallel graphics rendering pipeline. We represent scenes as neural radiance features encoded on a two-layer duplex mesh, which effectively overcomes the inherent inaccuracies in 3D surface reconstruction by learning the aggregated radiance information from a reliable interval of ray-surface intersections. To exploit local geometric relationships of nearby pixels, we leverage screen-space convolutions instead of the MLPs used in NeRFs to achieve high-quality appearance. Finally, the performance of the whole framework is further boosted by a novel multi-view distillation optimization strategy. We demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of our approach via extensive experiments on a range of standard datasets.
Sequential Oxidations of Thiolates and the Cobalt Metallocenter in a Synthetic Metallopeptide: Implications for the Biosynthesis of Nitrile Hydratase (2013)

Cobalt nitrile hydratases (Co-NHase) contain a catalytic cobalt(III) ion coordinated in an N2S3 first coordination sphere composed of two amidate nitrogens and three cysteine-derived sulfur donors: a thiolate (-SR), a sulfenate (-S(R)O(-)), and a sulfinate (-S(R)O2(-)). The sequence of biosynthetic reactions that leads to the post-translational oxidations of the metal and the sulfur ligands is unknown, but the process is believed to be initiated directly by oxygen. Herein we utilize cobalt bound in an N2S2 first coordination sphere by a seven amino acid peptide known as SODA (ACDLPCG) to model this oxidation process. Upon exposure to oxygen, Co-SODA is oxidized in two steps. In the first fast step (seconds), magnetic susceptibility measurements demonstrated that the metallocenter remains paramagnetic, that is, Co(2+), and sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is used to show that one of the thiolates is oxidized to sulfinate. In a second process on a longer time scale (hours), magnetic susceptibility measurements and Co K-edge XAS show that the metal is oxidized to Co(3+). Unlike other model complexes, additional slow oxidation of the second thiolate in Co-SODA is not observed, and a catalytically active complex is never formed. The likely reason is the absence of the axial thiolate ligand. In essence, the reactivity of Co-SODA can be described as between previously described models which either quickly convert to final product or are stable in air, and it offers a first glimpse into a possible oxidation pathway for nitrile hydratase biosynthesis.
Substrate reduction therapy (2008)

SRT is an oral alternative treatment option for patients with type 1 Gaucher disease unwilling or unable to receive ERT. With the recent reports of clinical improvement/stabilization of CNS manifestations following SRT in patients with Niemann-Pick disease type C, miglustat may also have a role to play in the management of patients with glycosphingolipid storage in the brain. Furthermore, as SRT synergises with other therapeutic modalities, it may also prove to be a key component of combination therapies in the future.
Overview of Heatshield for Extreme Entry Environment Technology (HEEET) (2018)

The Heatshield for Extreme Entry Environment Technology (HEEET) projects objective is to mature a 3-D Woven Thermal Protection System (TPS) to Technical Readiness Level (TRL) 6 to support future NASA missions to destinations such as Venus and Saturn. The scope of the project, status of which will be discussed, encompasses development of manufacturing and integration processes, fabrication of a prototype 1m diameter engineering test unit (ETU) that will undergo a series of structural tests, characterizing material aerothermal performance including development of a material response model, and structural testing and analysis to develop tools to support design and establish system capability.
Validation of a smartphone-based EEG among people with epilepsy: A prospective study (2017)

Our objective was to assess the ability of a smartphone-based electroencephalography (EEG) application, the Smartphone Brain Scanner-2 (SBS2), to detect epileptiform abnormalities compared to standard clinical EEG. The SBS2 system consists of an Android tablet wirelessly connected to a 14-electrode EasyCap headset (cost ~ 300 USD). SBS2 and standard EEG were performed in people with suspected epilepsy in Bhutan (2014-2015), and recordings were interpreted by neurologists. Among 205 participants (54% female, median age 24 years), epileptiform discharges were detected on 14% of SBS2 and 25% of standard EEGs. The SBS2 had 39.2% sensitivity (95% confidence interval (CI) 25.8%, 53.9%) and 94.8% specificity (95% CI 90.0%, 97.7%) for epileptiform discharges with positive and negative predictive values of 0.71 (95% CI 0.51, 0.87) and 0.82 (95% CI 0.76, 0.89) respectively. 31% of focal and 82% of generalized abnormalities were identified on SBS2 recordings. Cohen's kappa (κ) for the SBS2 EEG and standard EEG for the epileptiform versus non-epileptiform outcome was κ = 0.40 (95% CI 0.25, 0.55). No safety or tolerability concerns were reported. Despite limitations in sensitivity, the SBS2 may become a viable supportive test for the capture of epileptiform abnormalities, and extend EEG access to new, especially resource-limited, populations at a reduced cost.
The Effects of Sevelamer Hydrochloride and Calcium Carbonate on Kidney Calcification in Uremic Rats (2002)

The control of serum phosphorus (P) and calcium-phosphate (Ca x P) product is critical to the prevention of ectopic calcification in chronic renal failure (CRF). Whereas calcium (Ca) salts, the most commonly used phosphate binders, markedly increase serum Ca and positive Ca balance, the new calcium- and aluminum-free phosphate binder, sevelamer hydrochloride (RenaGel), reduces serum P without altering serum Ca in hemodialysis patients. Using an experimental model of CRF, these studies compare sevelamer and calcium carbonate (CaCO(3)) in the control of serum P, secondary hyperparathyroidism (SH), and ectopic calcifications. 5/6 nephrectomized rats underwent one of the following treatments for 3 mo: uremic + high-P diet (U-HP); UHP + 3% CaCO(3) (U-HP+C); UHP + 3% sevelamer (U-HP+S). Sevelamer treatment controlled serum P independent of increases in serum Ca, thus reducing serum Ca x P product and further deterioration of renal function, as indicated by the highest creatinine clearances. Sevelamer was as effective as CaCO(3) in the control of high-P-induced SH, as shown by similar serum PTH levels, parathyroid (PT) gland weight, and markers of PT hyperplasia. Also, both P binders elicited similar efficacy in reducing the myocardial and hepatic calcifications induced by uremia. However, sevelamer caused a dramatic reduction of renal Ca deposition (29.8 +/- 8.6 micro g/g wet tissue) compared with both U-HP (175.5 +/- 45.7 micro g/g wet tissue, P < 0.01) and the U-HP+C (58.9 +/- 13.7 micro g/g wet tissue, P < 0.04). Histochemical analyses using Von Kossa and Alizarin red S staining of kidney sections confirmed these findings. The high number of foci of calcification in the kidney of uremic controls (108 +/- 25) was reduced to 33.0 +/- 11.3 by CaCO(3) and decreased even further with sevelamer (16.4 +/- 8.9, P < 0.02 versus CaCO(3)). Importantly, the degree of tubulointerstitial fibrosis was also markedly lower in U-HP+S (5%) compared with either U-HP+C (30%) or U-HP (50%). It is concluded that in experimental CRF in rats, despite a similar control of serum P and SH, sevelamer is more effective than CaCO(3) in preventing renal Ca deposition and tubulointerstitial fibrosis, including better preservation of renal function. These findings cannot be extrapolated to human disease, and further studies in patients are necessary to determine the benefits of either P binder.
A first approach in measuring, modeling, and forecasting the vitamin D effective UV radiation (2006)

There has been a growing interest in the connection of vitamin D and solar ultraviolet-B (UVB) radiation because numerous studies have shown that there is an anti-correlation between the vitamin D level and many types of cancer and various diseases. Additionally there is the well known anti-correlation with osteoporosis and its progress, a disease that affects approximately in 30% of all post-menopausal women. Information about the actual effectiveness of solar UVB radiation in producing vitamin D could therefore a very helpful tool for health care. Such information should base on well estimated parameters either measured or modeled. Therefore, we investigated the possibilities in measuring, modeling and forecasting the vitamin D effective radiation. Measurements were made with two different broadband devices. One is a hand-held radiometer which was designed as a personal dosimeter and another is a device which is in use world wide to measure the erythemally effective UV radiation. Further on we introduce a world wide forecast of the vitamin D effective UV radiation for clear skies together with its validation. Input parameters for the forecast are date and time, geographical position and altitude, total ozone, low aerosol content and neglected albedo.
Algorithm to Arrange Storage Locations for Export Containers in the Yard (2009)

How to arrange storage locations properly for export containers is a key problem to short container ship's turnaround time in port. A heuristic algorithm is proposed to solve above problem in this paper, several simulation experiments were conducted and good results obtained.
REAL TIME RSS BASED ADAPTIVE BEAM STEERING ALGORITHM FOR AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES (2014)

A real time, low complexity algorithm is developed to steer a planar patch antenna array beam to the maximum received signal strength (RSS) direction for communication link enhancement. The beam steering towards the maximum incoming signal direction is based on an iterative technique utilizing a set of RSS measurements taken from speciflc locations in the search space, these locations collectively form an ellipse. The algorithm is denoted as \elliptical peeking. It was simulated for a ∞ying unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) as the vehicle tries to identify the maximum signal strength incoming direction of a stationary ground signal and it was tested on an embedded platform to validate its low demand for computational power. Such an algorithm is suitable for autonomous platforms due to its simplicity and low cost.
Isolation of Oxygen Formed during Catalytic Reduction of Carbon Dioxide Using a Solid Electrolyte Membrane (1999)

We studied the separative recovery of oxygen formed during the hydrogenation of carbon dioxide using a composite system consisting of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) membrane-equipped Ag electrodes as a pump and a nickel/zeolite catalyst to initiate the hydrogenation of carbon dioxide. The methanation of carbon dioxide proceeded efficiently in the presence of the nickel/zeolite catalyst even at 873 K, the lowest functional temperature at which YSZ has ionic conductivity. Carbon dioxide conversion and methane yield reached 100% and 80%, respectively, at H2/CO2 = 10, space velocity < 6200 h-1, and 873 K. Carbon dioxide was adsorbed by the crystal structure of the zeolite even at 873 K, and methanation of the adsorbed carbon dioxide (CO2 ad) proceeded by the following one-step reaction: CO2 ad + 3H2 → CH4 + H2O. The rate constant of methanation was estimated to be 1.6 × 10-2 cm3 g-cat-1 s-1 for the pseudo-first-order reaction. Electrochemical isolation of oxygen formed during hydrogenation of carbon dioxide was carried out under galvanostatic conditions. It was assumed that the oxygen was converted to water by the nickel/zeolite catalyst and then transported through the YSZ electrolyte after the water was ionized. We assumed that the oxygen was not formed by the dissociation of carbon dioxide directly on the cathode electrode. It appeared that the charge-transfer process was the rate-determining step for isolation of oxygen on the cathode electrode in the presence of the nickel/zeolite catalyst.
Light-induced deformation and instability of a liquid interface. I. Statics (2006)

We study in detail the deformations of a liquid-liquid interface induced by the electromagnetic radiation pressure of a focused cw laser beam. Using a simple linear model of static equilibrium of the interface under the effect of radiation pressure, buoyancy, and Laplace pressure, we explain the observed hump height variations for any value of the optical Bond number Bo=(omega0/lc)2 (lc is the capillary length and omega0 is the waist of the beam) in the regime of weak deformations and show that the deformations are independent of the direction of propagation of the laser. By increasing the beam power, we observe an instability of the interface leading to the formation of a long jet when the laser propagates from the more refringent phase to the less refringent one. We propose that the total internal reflection of the incident light on the highly deformed interface could be at the origin of this instability. Using a nonlinear model of static equilibrium of the interface taking account of the angular dependance of radiation pressure, we explain the measured beam power threshold of the instability P, as well as the shape of the interface deformations observed at large waists just below the instability onset. According to this model, the instability should occur when the interface slope reaches the angle of total reflection, theta(TR). We find experimentally that, just below the instability threshold, the maximum incidence angle along the interface, theta(imax), is significantly smaller than theta(TR) and that our nonlinear model does not present any instability up to theta(imax)=theta(TR). Thus, although the proposed instability model correctly predicts the instability threshold P, it fails to describe the actual instability mechanism. We finally discuss possible additional effects that could explain the instability.
Low-complexity carrier phase estimation for M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation optical communication based on dichotomy (2020)

In high-speed optical communication, the blind phase search (BPS) algorithm performs carrier phase estimation better but with higher computational complexity (CC), bringing a larger computational burden to the digital signal processing unit. In this paper, a new low-complexity CPE algorithm (DBPS) is proposed for M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM) formats. It uses the BPS algorithm to estimate the compensation phase interval, before using dichotomy to quickly and accurately determine the compensation phase value. Simulation results show the CC (multiplication / addition) of DBPS is reduced by 2.79 / 2.84 (16-QAM), 5.35 / 5.45 (64-QAM), and 2.98 / 3.01 (128-QAM) than that of BPS, and DBPS has a smaller phase tracking error variance. DBPS can relax the limitation of optical communication rate caused by high-speed data operations.
Original Research in the Classroom: Why Do Zebrafish Spawn in the Morning? (2011)

As part of an upper level undergraduate developmental biology course at the University of Minnesota Duluth, we developed a unit in which students carried out original research as part of a cooperative class project. Students had the opportunity to gain experience in the scientific method from experimental design all of the way through to the preparation of publication on their research that included text, figures, and tables. This kind of inquiry-based learning has been shown to have many benefits for students, including increased long-term learning and a better understanding of the process of scientific discovery. In our project, students designed experiments to explore why zebrafish typically spawn in the first few hours after the lights come on in the morning. The results of our experiments suggest that spawning still occurs when the dark-to-light transition is altered or absent. This is consistent with the work of others that demonstrates that rhythmic spawning behavior is regulated by an endogenous circadian clock. Our successes and failures carrying out original research as part of an undergraduate course should contribute to the growing approaches for using zebrafish to bring the excitement of experimental science to the classroom.
Mechanical setup for optical aperture synthesis for wide-field imaging (2004)

Homothetic mapping is a technique that combines the images from several telescopes so that it looks like as though they came form a single large telescope. This technique enables a much wider interferometric field of image than current techniques can provide. To investigate the feasibility, a research testbed is build know as Delft Testbed interferometer (DTI). DTI simulates a configuration of three telescopes collecting light of a set of 3 stars. The stars are simulated by coupling light of a Xenon light source into three fibres, which illuminate a parabolic mirror. The light that is used has wavelengths of 500 nm - 800 nm. The light of the three telescopes will be combined in such a way that the beam arrangement in the pupil plane corresponds with the telescope arrangement and the Optical Path Difference (OPD) is minimized for the three beams. To achieve white light fringes with high visibility, the mechanical testbed that is 2 m x 1 m x 0.5 m in size, requires stable mounting of components. This paper describes the mounting of the diamond turned off-axis parabolic mirrors of 200 mm in diameter and 240 mm flat mirrors; furthermore, it describes components like the telescopes and the active controllable components for repositioning of the beam arrangement. Mechanisms were developed for alignment of piezo actuators and for delay lines. The delay lines can also be used to compensate pupil rotation. Test results demonstrate that the test setup is highly stable for temperature as well as for airflow, although the system is placed in a non-thermally controlled lab. This allows measurements of nm, in presence of &mu;m disturbances.
[Fluorodensitometric determination of cytostatic acting Michael-adducts of alpha, beta-unsaturated aldehydes in biologic material]. (1985)

Alpha, beta-unsaturated aldehydes produce a selective cytostatic effect on tumor cells. By the formation of Michael adducts with cysteine, toxicity can be greatly reduced without impairing cytostatic effectiveness. To further enhance the selectivity of the toxic effect, it is necessary to be able to follow the agent's kinetics in the animal body. Among the analytic methods developed to this end, this paper represents the fluorescence derivatisation as a sensitive method for the determination of the Michael adducts of alpha, beta-unsaturated aldehydes in pharmaceutical preparations and in biological material. It is based on the reaction of the carbonyl groups with dansyl hydrazine. Determination is carried out by a combination of thin-layer chromatography with subsequent fluorodensitometric evaluation. The detection limit in blood is about 20 micrograms/ml. The relative standard deviation of this procedure ranges between 3 and 7%.
FP-TES: A Fluidisation-Based Particle Thermal Energy Storage, Part I: Numerical Investigations and Bulk Heat Conductivity (2020)

Renewables should become more continuously available, reliable and cost-efficient to manage the challenges caused by the energy transition. Thus, analytic and numerical investigations for the layout of a pilot plant of a concept called Fluidisation-Based Particle Thermal Energy Storage (FP-TES)—a highly flexible, short- to long-term fluidised bed regenerative heat storage utilising a pressure gradient for hot powder transport, and thus enabling minimal losses, high energy densities, compact construction and countercurrent heat exchange—are presented in this article. Such devices in decentralised set-up—being included in energy- and especially heat-intensive industries, storing latent or sensible heat or power-to-heat to minimise losses and compensate fluctuations—can help to achieve the above-stated goals. Part I of this article is focused on geometrical and fluidic design via numerical investigations utilising Computational Particle Fluid Dynamics (CPFD). In the process a controlled transient simulation method called co-simulation of FP-TES is developed forming the basis for test bench design and execution of further co-simulation. Within this process an advanced design of rotational symmetric hoppers with additional baffles in the heat exchanger (HEX) and internal pipes to stabilise the particle mass flow is developed. Moreover, a contribution bulk heat conductivity is presented to demonstrate low thermal losses and limited needs for thermal insulation by taking into account the thermal insulation of the outer layer of the hopper.
Ultrasonic assessment of in-plane modulus of CMC materials using a contact approach (2014)

An ultrasonic contact technique was developed to assess the in-plane modulus of Ceramic Matrix Composite (CMC) materials in the absence of multiple, distinct ultrasonic echoes within a specimen. This technique employs a dry-couplant for sending and receiving guided waves in a pitch-catch mode. The ultrasonic velocity is estimated from the zero-crossing, first-peak arrival time of a 200 kHz lowest-order symmetric mode (S0), where modulus estimations are made using standard plate-wave theory. The low-frequency asymptotic velocity characteristics of the S0 mode provide a means for estimating velocity with minimal dispersion effects and mode-overlap. Preliminary validation of the technique shows reasonable agreement with published modulus data and mechanical testing results.
A Multi-Band Stacked RF Energy Harvester With RF-to-DC Efficiency Up to 84% (2015)

The aim of this paper is to show the possibility to harvest RF energy to supply wireless sensor networks in an outdoor environment. In those conditions, the number of existing RF bands is unpredictable. The RF circuit has to harvest all the potential RF energy present and cannot be designed for a single RF tone. In this paper, the designed RF harvester adds powers coming from an unlimited number of sub-frequency bands. The harvester's output voltage ratios increase with the number of RF bands. As an application example, a 4-RF band rectenna is designed. The system harvests energy from GSM900 (Global System for Mobile Communications), GSM1800, UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) and WiFi bands simultaneously. RF-to-dc conversion efficiency is measured at 62% for a cumulative -10-dBm input power homogeneously widespread over the four RF bands and reaches 84% at 5.8 dBm. The relative error between the measured dc output power with all four RF bands on and the ideal sum of each of the four RF bands power contribution is less than 3%. It is shown that the RF-to-dc conversion efficiency is more than doubled compared to that measured with a single RF source, thanks to the proposed rectifier architecture.
Supplemental Table 2 from Novel Methylated DNA Markers in the Surveillance of Colorectal Cancer Recurrence (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Table 2. Intraclass correlation coefficients (with 95% confidence intervals) between primary colorectal cancer and metastatic disease, either synchronous or metachronous indicate concordance of methylated DNA marker levels in total DNA extracted from these tissues&lt;/p&gt;