gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microsporidian genome analysis reveals evolutionary strategies for obligate intracellular growth (2012)

Microsporidia comprise a large phylum of obligate intracellular eukaryotes that are fungal-related parasites responsible for widespread disease, and here we address questions about microsporidia biology and evolution. We sequenced three microsporidian genomes from two species, Nematocida parisii and Nematocida sp1, which are natural pathogens of Caenorhabditis nematodes and provide model systems for studying microsporidian pathogenesis. We performed deep sequencing of transcripts from a time course of N. parisii infection. Examination of pathogen gene expression revealed compact transcripts and a dramatic takeover of host cells by Nematocida. We also performed phylogenomic analyses of Nematocida and other microsporidian genomes to refine microsporidian phylogeny and identify evolutionary events of gene loss, acquisition, and modification. In particular, we found that all microsporidia lost the tumor-suppressor gene retinoblastoma, which we speculate could accelerate the parasite cell cycle and increase the mutation rate. We also found that microsporidia acquired transporters that could import nucleosides to fuel rapid growth. In addition, microsporidian hexokinases gained secretion signal sequences, and in a functional assay these were sufficient to export proteins out of the cell; thus hexokinase may be targeted into the host cell to reprogram it toward biosynthesis. Similar molecular changes appear during formation of cancer cells and may be evolutionary strategies adopted independently by microsporidia to proliferate rapidly within host cells. Finally, analysis of genome polymorphisms revealed evidence for a sexual cycle that may provide genetic diversity to alleviate problems caused by clonal growth. Together these events may explain the emergence and success of these diverse intracellular parasites.
Effect of rock joint roughness on its cyclic shear behavior (2017)

Rock joints are often subjected to dynamic loads induced by earthquake and blasting during mining and rock cutting. Hence, cyclic shear load can be induced along the joints and it is important to evaluate the shear behavior of rock joint under this condition. In the present study, synthetic rock joints were prepared with plaster of Paris (PoP). Regular joints were simulated by keeping regular asperity with asperity angles of 15°–15° and 30°–30°, and irregular rock joints which are closer to natural joints were replicated by keeping the asperity angles of 15°–30° and 15°–45°. The sample size and amplitude of roughness were kept the same for both regular and irregular joints which were 298 mm × 298 mm × 125 mm and 5 mm, respectively. Shear test was performed on these joints using a large-scale direct shear testing machine by keeping the frequency and amplitude of shear load under constant cyclic condition with different normal stress values. As expected, the shear strength of rock joints increased with the increases in the asperity angle and normal load during the first cycle of shearing or static load. With the increase of the number of shear cycles, the shear strength decreased for all the asperity angles but the rate of reduction was more in case of high asperity angles. Test results indicated that shear strength of irregular joints was higher than that of regular joints at different cycles of shearing at low normal stress. Shearing and degradation of joint asperities on regular joints were the same between loading and unloading, but different for irregular joints. Shear strength and joint degradation were more significant on the slope of asperity with higher angles on the irregular joint until two angles of asperities became equal during the cycle of shearing and it started behaving like regular joints for subsequent cycles.
Current-Dependent Kinetic Inductance of Superconducting YBaCuO Thin Films (1995)

Current-dependent kinetic inductance of superconducting thin films is studied experimentally. A measurement circuit for the precise measurement of the kinetic inductance is developed for this purpose. The voltage across an inductance made of YBaCuO meander line is measured as a function of applied current. From the nonlinear relationship between the voltage and the current measured in the experiment, dependence of the kinetic inductance on the current is obtained. The experimental results are consistent with the theoretical results predicted from the Ginzburg-Landau (GL) theory.
Optimization of query streams using semantic prefetching (2005)

Streams of relational queries submitted by client applications to database servers contain patterns that can be used to predict future requests. We present the Scalpel system, which detects these patterns and optimizes request streams using context-based predictions of future requests. Scalpel uses its predictions to provide a form of semantic prefetching, which involves combining a predicted series of requests into a single request that can be issued immediately. Scalpel's semantic prefetching reduces not only the latency experienced by the application but also the total cost of query evaluation. We describe how Scalpel learns to predict optimizable request patterns by observing the application's request stream during a training phase. We also describe the types of query pattern rewrites that Scalpels cost-based optimizer considers. Finally, we present empirical results that show the costs and benefits of Scalpel's optimizations.
Lost potential of kidney and liver donors amongst deceased intracerebral hemorrhage patients (2013)

A considerable number of ICH patients are potential organ donors if the evaluation takes place on arrival and organ donation is considered as part of usual end-of-life care.
Striving for Zero Planned Outages: Monitoring Electrical Equipment Failure Indicators (2015)

Electrical system preventive and predictive maintenance methodologies have experienced growth due to new technologies. This article reviews the historical and current approaches to electrical equipment maintenance and also highlights available technologies that will support future modes of equipment maintenance. Low-voltage (LV) and medium-voltage (MV) systems are reviewed. The need for improved reliability and uptime of electrical systems continues, and effective monitoring systems support a new concept of zero planned outages. Monitoring the parameters linked to potential failure modes addresses two key needs: 1) to notify end users of a pending failure condition and 2) to recommend maintenance and/or inspections based on a trending analysis of failure mode contributing parameters rather than planned outages. This article reviews both IEEE and end-user surveyed failure indicators and technologies to continuously monitor such failure indicators.
Shape memory and superelastic alloys: the new medical materials with growing demand. (1998)

Shape memory and superelasticity are novel properties not exhibited by common materials. In recent years, these properties and the alloys exhibiting them have found widespread use as new medical materials, in devices such as diagnostic and therapeutic catheters of different kinds, stents, needle wire localisers, orthodontic arch wires, implantable drug delivery system etc. The reasons for this trend and the future potential of these materials in medical applications will be explained in this presentation.
Time separation as a hidden variable to the Copenhagen school of quantum mechanics (2011)

The Bohr radius is a space‐like separation between the proton and electron in the hydrogen atom. According to the Copenhagen school of quantum mechanics, the proton is sitting in the absolute Lorentz frame. If this hydrogen atom is observed from a different Lorentz frame, there is a time‐like separation linearly mixed with the Bohr radius. Indeed, the time‐separation is one of the essential variables in high‐energy hadronic physics where the hadron is a bound state of the quarks, while thoroughly hidden in the present form of quantum mechanics. It will be concluded that this variable is hidden in Feynman’s rest of the universe. It is noted first that Feynman’s Lorentz‐invariant differential equation for the bound‐state quarks has a set of solutions which describe all essential features of hadronic physics. These solutions explicitly depend on the time separation between the quarks. This set also forms the mathematical basis for two‐mode squeezed states in quantum optics, where both photons are observable, but one of them can be treated a variable hidden in the rest of the universe. The physics of this two‐mode state can then be translated into the time‐separation variable in the quark model. As in the case of the un‐observed photon, the hidden time‐separation variable manifests itself as an increase in entropy and uncertainty.
Development of a Real-Time Thermoplastic Mask Compression Force Monitoring System Using Capacitive Force Sensor (2022)

<b>Purpose:</b> Thermoplastic masks keep patients in an appropriate position to ensure accurate radiation delivery. For a thermoplastic mask to maintain clinical efficacy, the mask should wrap the patient's surface properly and provide uniform pressure to all areas. However, to our best knowledge, no explicit method for achieving such a goal currently exists. Therefore, in this study, we intended to develop a real-time thermoplastic mask compression force (TMCF) monitoring system to measure compression force quantitatively. A prototype system was fabricated, and the feasibility of the proposed method was evaluated. <b>Methods:</b> The real-time TMCF monitoring system basically consists of four force sensor units, a microcontroller board (Arduino Bluno Mega 2560), a control PC, and an in-house software program. To evaluate the reproducibility of the TMCF monitoring system, both a reproducibility test using a micrometer and a setup reproducibility test using a head phantom were performed. Additionally, the reproducibility tests of mask setup and motion detection tests were carried out with a cohort of six volunteers. <b>Results:</b> The system provided stable pressure readings in all 10 trials during the sensor unit reproducibility test. The largest standard deviation (SD) among trials was about 36 gf/cm<sup>2</sup> (∼2.4% of the full-scale range). For five repeated mask setups on the phantom, the compression force variation of the mask was less than 39 gf/cm<sup>2</sup> (2.6% of the full-scale range). We were successful in making masks together with the monitoring system connected and demonstrated feasible utilization of the system. Compression force variations were observed among the volunteers and according to the location of the sensor (among forehead, both cheekbones, and chin). The TMCF monitoring system provided the information in real time on whether the mask was properly pressing the human subject as an immobilization tool. <b>Conclusion:</b> With the developed system, it is possible to monitor the effectiveness of the mask in real time by continuously measuring the compression force between the mask and patient during the treatment. The graphical user interface (GUI) of the monitoring system developed provides a warning signal when the compression force of the mask is insufficient. Although the number of volunteers participated in the study was small, the obtained preliminary results suggest that the system could ostensibly improve the setup accuracy of a thermoplastic mask.
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTROPHILIC AROMATIC SUBSTITUTION. 24. CARBOXYLIC TRIFLUOROMETHANESULFONIC AND METHANESULFONIC ANHYDRIDES SYNTHESIS AND DISSOCIATION TENDENCY (1983)

Abstract Die Titelverbindungen (III) bzw. (VI) sind aus den entsprechenden Carbonsäurechloriden (I) bzw. (IV) mit den Ag‐Sulfonaten (II) bzw. (V) in guten Ausb. zugänglich; die Anhydride (III) können auch aus (I) mit Trifluormethansäure ‐ jedoch weniger vorteilhaft ‐ dargestellt werden.
Non-Contact Measurement forMechanical Fault detection inProduction Line (2007)

Appliance manufacturing companies moreoften ask duringthe manufacturing process, vibration-based foranautomatic on-line inspection system toaccurately monitordiagnostics isimportant forquality control ofcommercial thecharacteristics ofalltheir products. Itiswellknownthat products, suchashousehold appliances. Therefore, extensive vibration tests enable discrimination between goodandfaultyresearch (1-3) hasbeenconducted toanalyze critical products andhencetheanalysis ofthevibration signals canbe usedforquality control ofhousehold appliances on the mehaical.compondent, nucaseberarins.dMoresov production lines. Laser Doppler Vibrometry (LDV)isnowan Rodriguez etal.(4)underlined several disadvantages of established technique forvibration measurements inindustrial contact measurements. Forthis reason, LDV (Laser Doppler applications wherenon-contact operations areessential. DespiteVibrometry) iswidely usedforon-line quality control where theadvantages oftheLDV,speckle noise occurs whenroughnon-contact measurements areessential. However, speckle surfaces aremeasured andtheobject ismoving. Therefore, noiseoccurs duetothesurface andthemovementofthe spike removal isa crucial point fora reliable system of measured object (suchasthetuboftheWM).Therefore mechanical defects detection. Thispaperdealswiththe speckle noiseremoval (5,6) isa fundamental steptobe integration ofpattern recognition techniques into anautomatic performed before anautomatic identification offaults. This testsystemfordataacquisition andclassification, inorderto detect mechanical faults ofWashing Machines (WM)inthe paperpresents an application of pattern recognition production line. Inparticular, astheelectrical motorisoneof techniques inanautomatic test system forfaults detection of themostcritical partoftheassembled system, thegoalisto washing machines, inparticular thedefects related tothe detect thefaults related tothemotorbytheuseofaLaser electrical motor.Thegoal istoshowthatpattern recognition Doppler Vibrometer pointing thetuboftheWashing Machine.techniques developed todetect thedefects onthesingle First, dataacquisition anditsproblems areintroduced. Then,component (such asthemotor) canbeapplied alsoonthe theadopted pre-processing techniques forspeckle noiseassembled system (like aWM). reduction isillustrated. Finally, feature extraction andreal examples areshowntotest thesystem.
Quantitative structure/activity relationship modelling of pharmacokinetic properties using genetic algorithm-combined partial least squares method (2006)

Quantitative structure/activity relationship (QSAR) approaches have widely been applied to gain deeper understandings of the relationships between ADME parameters and molecular structure and properties. QSAR models for predicting ADME properties are required to cover structurally diverse compounds. In the present investigation, we describe application of genetic algorithm-combined partial least squares (GA-PLS) method to QSAR modelling of various ADME properties. By selecting an appropriate set of molecular descriptors automatically by the use of genetic algorithm, many ADME properties could be well-explained by simple molecular descriptors derived from 2-dimensional chemical structure.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Reduction of Disulfides by Tris(2‐carboxyethyl)phosphine. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
RGDS peptide inhibits activation of lymphocytes and adhesion of activated lymphocytes to human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro (2005)

The Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) motif is known to mediate cell adhesion to several extracellular matrix components as well as cell-cell interactions. In the present study, we investigated whether the RGDS peptide interferes with cell-cell recognition-based events such as allogeneic activation of PBMC and PBMC adhesion to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). We show here for the first time, to our knowledge, that RGDS significantly inhibits adhesion of activated PBMC to HUVEC; in addition, RGDS inhibits PBMC allogenenic activation in human mixed lymphocyte reaction assays. Caspases played a pivotal role in both events, because preventing their activation abolished or strongly reduced the observed inhibitory effect. The RGDS antirecognition effect was strongly increased by pretreatment of HUVEC with RGDS, which affected mostly T lymphocyte adhesion to HUVEC. These results indicate that PBMC allogeneic activation, as well as reciprocal recognition between activated PBMC and endothelial cells, are RGDS-dependent events that occur through a dual effect involving anti-adhesive and caspase-dependent mechanisms. These data suggest a potential role of RGDS in cell-mediated immunity, inflammation and organ transplantation.
Efficacy and safety of sitagliptin in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes switched from glinides (2013)

FPG decreased and glucose control improved in patients who switched from glinides to sitagliptin. Sitagliptin decreased secretion of insulin and glucagon in a meal tolerance test compared with glinides, whereas the agents showed similar inhibition of postprandial hyperglycemia. This trial was registered with UMIN (UMIN-CTR no. 000003479).
Fiber Optic Probe of a Flame for Copper Number Density Determination (1989)

Fiber optics have been used for remote analysis in order to maximize safety considerations for both equipment and personnel. As chemical sensors, they allow the exploration of small volumes or closed systems. A fiber optic probe has been used to study localized emission intensities from an rf glow discharge plasma. This note will show how one can use fiber optics to determine copper number densities in a flame without resorting to Abel inversion or using lasers to probe the flame.
Etravirine in the Treatment of HIV-1: A Clinical Overview for Healthcare Professionals (2010)

Current HIV treatment guidelines emphasize the importance of using an active antiretroviral therapy regimen that produces full virologic suppression and immunologic competence, while at the same time providing patients with a favorable safety profile and limited risk for development of drug resistance. Etravirine (TMC125), a recently approved, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), has shown durable, superior virologic efficacy over placebo in the Phase III, randomized, double-blind DUET trials in 1,203 treatment-experienced, NNRTI-resistant, HIV-1-infected patients. Statistical significance of responses with etravirine over placebo was maintained through Week 24, 48 and 96, regardless of baseline demographics, baseline disease characteristics or the background regimen used. Etravirine has demonstrated a favorable safety and tolerability profile; the incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events was comparable with placebo in the DUET trials, with the exception of rash. The tolerability profile of etravirine also appears to be favorable in terms of neuropsychiatric and hepatic side effects. The pharmacokinetic profile of twice-daily etravirine minimizes the potential for clinically relevant drug-drug interactions and allows for its use in combination with a wide range of other agents. In addition, etravirine has a high genetic barrier to the development of resistance, further enhancing potential benefit in patients infected with NNRTI-resistant virus. The clinical efficacy and favorable safety profile of etravirine, together with its pharmacokinetic profile and high genetic barrier to resistance, make it a valuable treatment option for a wide range of treatment-experienced HIV-1-infected patients.
Brain‐to‐Blood Transport of Peptides and the Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome (1994)

Brain-to-blood transport, or efflux, systems play important roles in brain functions and can affect the CNS uptake and activity of endogenous and exogenous blood-borne substances. Several efflux systems have been described for peptides. These efflux systems may play important roles in communication between the CNS and peripheral tissues and may be important in conditions such as alcoholism.
Effects of a Novel Pyridylsulphonyl Thiazole Derivative, FR115092, on Autoimmune and Mitomycin C-induced Thrombycytopenia in Mice (1999)

Dapsone (4,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulphone), an antileprotic and antimalarial drug, has been reported to be of therapeutic benefit in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in the clinic. However, adverse reactions such as haemolytic anaemia have often been observed. In this study, we found that dapsone increased the number of platelets and decreased the number of red blood cells in male (NZWxBXSB)F1 (W/BF1) mice, an animal model of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. In studies to prepare derivatives of dapsone with weaker side effects than the parent compound, FR115092 (2-[5-(2-pyridylsulphonyl)thiazolyl]amine) was discovered. The effect of FR115092 on the number of blood cells was studied and compared with dapsone in mice. FR 115092 increased the number of platelets without reducing the number of red blood cells in W/BF1 mice. This drug significantly suppressed the increase in circulating autoantibodies against platelets and increased the number of megakaryocytes. Furthermore, FR115092 inhibited the reduction of the number of platelets in mitomycin C-induced thrombocytopenic mice, as a consequence of its enhancement of growth and maturation of megakaryocytes. These findings suggest that FR115092 may be effective against various thrombocytopenias, without inducing haemolytic anaemia.
Transcriptome analysis of Aspergillus niger xlnR and xkiA mutants grown on corn Stover and soybean hulls reveals a highly complex regulatory network (2019)

This study demonstrates the high complexity of the plant biomass degradation process by fungi, by showing that mutant strains with fairly straightforward phenotypes on pure mono- and polysaccharides, have much less clear-cut phenotypes and transcriptomes on crude plant biomass.
Magnetic Induction Sensors for Detecting Anomalous Shielding of Radiological and Nuclear Materials: A Feasibility Study (2017)

This study examined a concept for improving the nation's ability to detect unauthorized transport of radiological and nuclear material that involves detecting not the radiological or nuclear material itself, but rather the anomalous presence of materials, such as lead and tungsten, typically used to shield such illicit materials from detection. Specifically, the project studied a potentially inexpensive, non-intrusive, and fast method of detecting anomalous shielding: use of magnetic induction sensors to measure currents induced in conductors by a driver coil. The first phase of this work, documented in this report, identified the signatures of materials of interest, assessed the usefulness of measured signatures for discrimination between materials, and then benchmarked models and calculations. The next task involved assessing the strength of these signatures when the materials of interest were enclosed within other materials, such as aluminum and steel, of various thicknesses. A final task mimicked a real-world scenario by testing the ability to detect material signatures of interest at a scale of a vehicle or cargo vessel against a cluttered backdrop, with and without the shielding of another material, such as aluminum or steel. This final task raised doubts regarding whether this detection scheme will be useful under real-world conditions.
Commentary: Noninvasive Skin Tightening: Ultrasound and Other Technologies: Where Are We in 2011? (2012)

1Maryland Laser, Skin, and Vein Institute, Hunt Valley, Maryland, Conflicts of Interest: Investigator, Ulthera, Palomar