gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Novel Scoring System Based on Oxford Classification Indicating Steroid Therapy Use for IgA Nephropathy (2021)

Patients with M1, E1, S1, and C1+2 scores responded to steroid therapy; however, those with T1+2 scores did not. Although a high SRS was a useful indicator for steroid therapy, SNRS indicated resistance to steroid therapy.
Effect of Formations Compressive Strength on Drill String Vibrations (2013)

Vibrations are known as destructive loads and thus are leading to downhole fatigue failures, severe bottom hole assembly and bit wear and may cause wellbore instabilities. Downhole measurement of vibrations, however, can provide valuable information about downhole conditions and characteristics of the formations drilled. Uniaxial compressive strength is one of the representative characteristics of rock properties. It shows the capacity of a rock to withstand a certain amount of axial loads. Optimizing weight on bit and rotary speed of the drill string are the ways to continue drilling a hole – of course by exceeding uniaxial compressive strength of formations – and to keep rate of penetration in an optimal range during drilling operations. Therefore, it is expected that the axial vibrations change with variations of the uniaxial compressive strength of formations. Previous experiments with several layered concretes cubes proved that the drill string vibrations are related to the uniaxial compressive strength of concretes. To extend the study in this area, complex rock samples such as sandstone, dolomite and limestone were drilled with optimized ranges of weight on bit and rotary speed of drill string. Experimental drilling operations were conducted using a laboratory drilling rig (CDC miniRig) with a vibration sensor sub attached to the drill string. The uniaxial compressive strength of all samples was measured prior to the experiments. During all experiments, drilling parameters were recorded with a sampling rate of one second and the vibration data with a sampling frequency of 3200 Hz. Analysis of magnitude and higher order frequency moments of vibration data in combination with the mechanical specific energy demonstrated a change of the drill string’s axial vibration measurements due to variations of uniaxial compressive strength. From that it is concluded that the formations can be recognized in real-time by incorporation of the vibration measurements.
Integration of Decentralized Clinical Data in a Data Warehouse (2009)

A key step in the development of a data integration process within such a health information system like OpEN.SC is to analyze the requirements. And to show that this is not only a theoretical work, we present a design - developed with RUP and SOA - which fulfills these requirements.
Resolving dynamics of inertial migration in straight and curved microchannels by direct cross-sectional imaging (2021)

The explosive development of inertial microfluidic systems for label-free sorting and isolation of cells demands improved understanding of the underlying physics that dictate the intriguing phenomenon of size-dependent migration in microchannels. Despite recent advances in the physics underlying inertial migration, migration dynamics in 3D is not fully understood. These investigations are hampered by the lack of easy access to the channel cross section. In this work, we report on a simple method of direct imaging of the channel cross section that is orthogonal to the flow direction using a common inverted microscope, providing vital information on the 3D cross-sectional migration dynamics. We use this approach to revisit particle migration in both straight and curved microchannels. In the rectangular channel, the high-resolution cross-sectional images unambiguously confirm the two-stage migration model proposed earlier. In the curved channel, we found two vertical equilibrium positions and elucidate the size-dependent vertical and horizontal migration dynamics. Based on these results, we propose a critical ratio of blockage ratio (<i>β</i>) to Dean number (<i>De</i>) where no net lateral migration occurs (<i>β</i>/<i>De </i>∼ 0.01). This dimensionless number (<i>β</i>/<i>De</i>) predicts the direction of lateral migration (inward or outward) in curved and spiral channels, and thus serves as a guideline in design of such channels for particle and cell separation applications. Ultimately, the new approach to direct imaging of the channel cross section enables a wealth of previously unavailable information on the dynamics of inertial migration, which serves to improve our understanding of the underlying physics.
<title>Factors Affecting Linewidth Control Including Multiple Wavelength Exposure And Chromatic Aberration</title> (1981)

Photoresist linewidth variations are particularly difficult to control in the vicinity of steps where resist thickness changes occur. These variations are primarily due to the interference phenomena which affect the coupling of energy into the resist and vertical standing wave intensity contrast in the resist. In this paper the user oriented program SAMPLE is used to quantitatively explore linewidth control in the vicinity of steps as a function of exposure, resist, and substrate parameters. Nominally, projection printing of 1.0 um line and space patterns in 1.0 urn of AZ13.50J resist crossing 1.0 urn steps on silicon, oxide and aluminum substrates is considered. The linewidth variation, resist profile shape and linewidth control sensitivity are characterized by the behavior of the two extreme cases. These are the maximum linewidth which occurs at the largest resist thickness on the bottom of the step corresponding to a destructive interference node and the minimum linewidth which occurs at the smallest resist thickness on the top of the step corresponding to a constructive interference node. The significance of the aerial image contrast and substrate reflectivity are explored. The possibility of using increased optical absorption and post exposure bake procedures to improve process control are considered. The use of multiple wavelength exposures with 6 raction limited optics is shown to significantly improve both linewidth control and the resist profile shape. The degree to which a refractive optical system can realize this improvement can be limited by the extent to which the change in focal error with wavelength reduces the contrast. This limit is particularly important in assessing the potential advantages of multiple wavelength systems, because the performance of such lenses is expected to be limited by chromatic aberration effects.
Dynamic Sampling Approach to Training Neural Networks for Multiclass Imbalance Classification (2013)

Class imbalance learning tackles supervised learning problems where some classes have significantly more examples than others. Most of the existing research focused only on binary-class cases. In this paper, we study multiclass imbalance problems and propose a dynamic sampling method (DyS) for multilayer perceptrons (MLP). In DyS, for each epoch of the training process, every example is fed to the current MLP and then the probability of it being selected for training the MLP is estimated. DyS dynamically selects informative data to train the MLP. In order to evaluate DyS and understand its strength and weakness, comprehensive experimental studies have been carried out. Results on 20 multiclass imbalanced data sets show that DyS can outperform the compared methods, including pre-sample methods, active learning methods, cost-sensitive methods, and boosting-type methods.
Overexpression of Bcl-2 and Mutations in p53 and K-Ras in Resected Human Non-Small Cell Lung Cancers (1996)

We investigated expression of Bcl-2, mutations in p53, and K-ras oncogene in 51 resected human non-small cell lung cancers. The studies were designed to test for the possibility of cooperativity between these oncogenes and p53 in the pathogenesis of lung cancer. An inverse relationship was found between expression of Bcl-2 and mutant p53 by immunohistochemistry (P < 0.01; Fisher exact test), suggesting that either Bcl-2 overexpression or mutations in p53 may fulfill a critical function in the pathogenesis of human non-small cell lung cancers. Tumors that harbored K-ras codon 12 mutations seldom had p53 mutations or overexpressed Bcl-2. Statistical analysis of these data showed that mutations in p53 and K-ras or overexpression of Bcl-2 and mutations in K-ras occurred at a frequency that could be explained only by chance [P > 0.1 in each case (Fisher exact tests)]. This suggests that cooperativity between mutant K-ras and mutant p53 or mutant K-ras and overexpressed Bcl-2 is not a common mechanism in the pathogenesis of human non-small cell lung cancers.
Optimized Module Packaging for Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells and Increased PID Resistance (2020)

Recent studies showed that silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells can be prone to potential induced degradation (PID) when encapsulated with a low volume resistivity ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA). We perform PID test in humid conditions (85°C/85% RH) on glass/glass one-cell modules with and without an edge sealant, to ensure an uniformly applied potential all over the module surface. We also analyze the effect of moisture ingress by using these module structures. We demonstrate that with the proper module packaging (i.e. a glass/glass structure with edge sealant), EVA can be used as an encapsulant material for SHJ solar cells. PID can be completely prevented even when subjected to extended tests (e.g. eight times the 96 h of test duration foreseen in the IEC Technical Specification for c-Si modules). On the other hand, SHJ modules packaged in a glass/glass structure using EVA (and no edge seal) start exhibiting a degradation in performance after 192 h of PID test (i.e. twice the test duration foreseen by IEC TS 62804-1). The degradation becomes considerable after 800 h of test, driven by a reduction in shortcircuit current (JSC), fill factor (FF) and open-circuit voltage (VOC).
A Novel Adaptor Converts a Laparoscope Into a High-Definition Rigid Sigmoidoscope (2012)

The rigid sigmoidoscope is an important tool in a surgeon's armamentarium, yet it has remained essentially unchanged despite poor imaging and the inability to project or record the images. Herein we report our initial experience with a novel introducer built from readily available operating room supplies and designed to convert any standard laparoscope into a high-definition rigid sigmoidoscope.
Deficiency of Dab2 (Disabled Homolog 2) in Myeloid Cells Exacerbates Inflammation in Liver and Atherosclerotic Plaques in LDLR (Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor)-Null Mice—Brief Report (2018)

Dab2 deficiency in myeloid cells promotes inflammation in livers and atherosclerotic plaques in a mouse model of atherosclerosis. Nevertheless, decreased serum lipids as a result of massive inflammatory liver damage may preclude an appreciable increase in atherosclerotic lesion burden in mice reconstituted with Dab2-deficient bone marrow.
AGN193109 Is a Highly Effective Antagonist of Retinoid Action in Human Ectocervical Epithelial Cells (1996)

Retinoids are important physiological agents that regulate epithelial cell differentiation and proliferation. The importance of these agents in regulating growth, development, and differentiation has led to a search for new retinoid agonists and antagonists. In the present manuscript we show that AGN193109, a retinoid analog, is an efficient antagonist of retinoid action in human cervical epithelial cells. Treatment of ECE16-1 cells with natural or synthetic retinoids reduces cytokeratin K5, K6, K14, K16, and K17 levels, increases cytokeratin K7, K8, and K19 levels, increases retinoic acid receptor-beta (RAR beta) mRNA levels, suppresses proliferation, and alters cell morphology. Co-treatment with AGN193109 prevents these responses. Half-maximal and maximal antagonism is observed at a molar ratio of AGN193109: retinoid agonist of 1:1 and 10:1, respectively. When administered alone AGN193109 has no agonist activity. Thus, AGN193109, which binds to RAR alpha, RAR beta, and RAR gamma with Kd values = 2,2, and 3 nm, respectively, but is unable to bind to the retinoid X receptors, is a highly active antagonist of retinoid action in ECE16-1 cells.
Estrogen in ovarian cancer cell metastasis (2008)

Benign ovarian tumors and majority of epithelial ovarian cancers possess steroid receptors including estrogen receptors (ERs). However, the estrogen-ER signaling in ovarian carcinomas is not completely understood. Tumorigenesis is a multiple-step process involving dysregulated cell growth and metastasis. Tumor cells acquire the capacity of migration and invasion by temporal phenotypical and genotypical changes termed epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Considerable evidence implicates a mitogenic action of estrogen in early ovarian carcinogenesis. In contrast, its influence in the metastatic cascade of ovarian tumor cells remains obscure. In this study, I have focused on the role of 17β-estradiol (E2) in ovarian tumorigenesis. EMT related genes including E-cadherin, Snail, Slug, and Twist were examined. E2 treatment led to clear morphological changes and an enhanced cell migratory propensity. These morphologic and functional alterations were associated with changes in the abundance of EMT-related genes. Upon E2 stimulation, expression and promoter activity of the epithelial marker E-cadherin was strikingly suppressed, whereas EMT-associated transcription factors Snail and Slug were significantly up-regulated. This up-regulation was attributed to the increase in gene transcription activated by E2. Depletion of the endogenous Snail or Slug using small interfering RNA (siRNA) attenuated E2-mediated control in E-cadherin. In addition, the E2-induced cell migration was neutralized by Snail and Slug siRNAs, implying that both transcription factors are indispensable for the pro-metastatic actions of E2. Importantly, by using selective ER agonists as well as over-expression and siRNA approaches, it was identified that E2 triggered the metastatic behaviors exclusively through an ER⍺-dependent pathway. In contrast, overexpression of ERβ opposed the phenotypic changes and down-regulation of E-cadherin induced by ER⍺. In addition, microarray analysis was performed to characterize more putative downstream mediators of E2. Expression levels of 486 genes were found to be altered by at least 50% upon E2 treatment, and included several genes involved in oncogenesis, cell cycle control, apoptosis, signal transduction and the gene expression machinery. These candidate genes may be valuable for better delineating the ER pathways and functions. In summary, this study provides compelling arguments that estrogen can potentiate tumor progression by EMT induction, and highlight the crucial role of ER⍺ in ovarian tumorigenesis.
Camptothecin Induces Nuclear Export of Prohibitin Preferentially in Transformed Cells through a CRM-1-dependent Mechanism (2005)

Prohibitin is a growth-suppressive protein that has multiple functions in the nucleus and the mitochondria. Our earlier studies had shown that prohibitin represses the activity of E2F transcription factors while enhancing p53-mediated transcription. At the same time, prohibitin has been implicated in mediating the proper folding of mitochondrial proteins. We had found that treatment of cells with camptothecin, a topoisomerase 1 inhibitor, led to the export of prohibitin and p53 from the nucleus to the mitochondria. Here we show that the camptothecin-induced export of prohibitin occurs preferentially in transformed cell lines, but not in untransformed or primary cells. Cells that did not display the translocation of prohibitin were refractive to the apoptotic effects of camptothecin. The translocation was mediated by a putative nuclear export signal at the C-terminal region of prohibitin; fusion of the nuclear export signal (NES) of prohibitin to green fluorescence protein led to its export from the nucleus. Leptomycin B could inhibit the nuclear export of prohibitin showing that it was a CRM-1-dependent event driven by Ran GTPase. Confirming this, prohibitin was found to physically interact with CRM-1, and this interaction was significantly higher in transformed cells. Delivery of a peptide corresponding to the NES of prohibitin prevented the export of prohibitin to cytoplasm and protected cells from apoptosis. These results suggest that the regulated translocation of prohibitin from the nucleus to the mitochondria facilitates its pleiotropic functions and might contribute to its anti-proliferative and tumor suppressive properties.
New Directions in Heterocyclic Synthesis Using Metalated Amides (1984)

i t u t e d aromatics w i l l be described.
Continuous Laryngeal Nerve Integrity Monitoring During Thyroidectomy: Does it Reduce Risk of Injury? (2004)

There were no statistically significant differences in RLN paralysis, paresis, or total injury rates between control and NIM groups, even in subsets with advanced T-stage and increased baseline risk. Advanced T-stage is a significant predictor of RLN paresis in this cohort.
[Acute frontal sinusitis accompanied with extra-dural abscess (a case reported with literature reviewed)]. (2006)

It is the most important thing to drainage the abscess except for antibiotic therapy for acute frontal sinusitis accompanied with extra-dural abscess. Antibiotic therapy cannot substitute for surgery.
An Investigation on NEG Thick Film for Vacuum packaging of MEMS (2003)

An approach to maintain vacuum in MEMS devices, by integrating MEMS fabrication process with getter material preparation, is presented in this paper. A coating process for thick film of getter material on silicon and glass wafers, which are common materials in fabrication of MEMS devices and package, has been investigated in detail. The getter material consists of a powder mixture of zirconium, vanadium and iron, which features high sorption capability to active gas such as H<sub>2</sub>, O<sub>2</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>, CO and H<sub>2</sub>O vapor. Several patterned NEG thick films to simulate different needs in MEMS application have been made. The sorption capacity of the coated getter material was examined. The coating of NEG thick film onto the inner surface of a MEMS pressure sensor and the activation of NEG during anodic bonding process were carried out.
Evaluation of the Effective Moisture Penetration Depth Model for Estimating Moisture Buffering in Buildings (2013)

This study examines the effective moisture penetration depth (EMPD) model, and its suitability for building simulations. The EMPD model is a compromise between the simple, inaccurate effective capacitance approach and the complex, yet accurate, finite-difference approach. Two formulations of the EMPD model were examined, including the model used in the EnergyPlus building simulation software. An error in the EMPD model we uncovered was fixed with the release of EnergyPlus version 7.2, and the EMPD model in earlier versions of EnergyPlus should not be used.
Regulatory mechanisms in Thielavia terrestris. Final report (1982)

Thielavia terrestris is a filamentous ascomycete originally discovered and identified as Allescheria terrestris by Apinis (1963). Strain S-16 was isolated from a soil sample in California and found to grow at temperatures as high as 50/sup 0/C. The fungus produces a complete cellulase system that enables it to degrade native, crystalline cellulose to glucose. The enzymes display high heat and pH stability and an optimum temperature for hydrolysis of 65/sup 0/C, making it attractive for the eventual commercial conversion of cellulose into fuel and chemicals. We report on the enzyme activity of Thielavia terrestris S-16, the effects of medium composition and carbon source on enzyme production, the growth of the organism at different temperatures, the extracellular aryl-..beta..-glucosidase activitiy as a function of incubation temperature, the effects of small-molecular-weight metabolic regulators and membrane-active antibiotics on the cell-associated and extracellular enzyme levels, and the methods used in an attempt to find plasmids.
AMR effect in spin-valve structure (1996)

It is very important to estimate the anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) effects in a spin-valve structure when designing spin-valve heads. The AMR effect in a free layer can have an especially significant influence on head properties. We measured the change in resistance in spin-valve films and separated the AMR signal from the total change in resistance using an improved means of measurement. With this measurement, we directly obtained the AMR effect on the free layer. The sample structure we used was NiFe/CoFe/Cu/CoFe/FeMn. The AMR effect was about 16% of the SV effect. This value is rather large and can affect the head properties.
Prevention of Hypoglycemic Attacks by Propranolol in a Patient Suffering from Insulinoma (1975)

An insulinoma was diagnosed in a fifty-seven-year-old woman suffering from frequent hypoglycemic attacks. Propranolol--a beta-adrenergic blocker--in a dose of 80 mg. per day effectively prevented recurrent hypoglycemic attacks. It also corrected the basal hyperinsulinemia as well as the increased insulin secretion which results from stimulation with glucose or arginine.
Nanomaterial-based sensors for detection of foodborne bacterial pathogens and toxins as well as pork adulteration in meat products (2015)

Food safety draws considerable attention in the modern pace of the world owing to rapid-changing food recipes and food habits. Foodborne illnesses associated with pathogens, toxins, and other contaminants pose serious threat to human health. Besides, a large amount of money is spent on both analyses and control measures, which causes significant loss to the food industry. Conventional detection methods for bacterial pathogens and toxins are time consuming and laborious, requiring certain sophisticated instruments and trained personnel. In recent years, nanotechnology has emerged as a promising field for solving food safety issues in terms of detecting contaminants, enabling controlled release of preservatives to extend the shelf life of foods, and improving food-packaging strategies. Nanomaterials including metal oxide and metal nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, and quantum dots are gaining a prominent role in the design of sensors and biosensors for food analysis. In this review, various nanomaterial-based sensors reported in the literature for detection of several foodborne bacterial pathogens and toxins are summarized highlighting their principles, advantages, and limitations in terms of simplicity, sensitivity, and multiplexing capability. In addition, the application through a noncross-linking method without the need for any surface modification is also presented for detection of pork adulteration in meat products.