gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Study of Cationic Contamination and Mitigation on Gdl/MPL Wettability and Metallic Plate Corrosion for PEFCs (2015)

Cationic impurities on performance loss are investigated by incorporation of foreign cation into the MEA in a form of salt solution. The hydrophobic property of the gas diffusion layer (GDL) acts as a barrier for transport of aqueous contaminant solution to reach the catalyst-coated membrane (CCM). In our previous work, the role of the GDL in cationic contamination and mitigation has been studied by an ex-situ soak method and an in-situ injection. Here, we present the effect of cationic solution to the water management in the cell and the metallic plate corrosion. Wetting property changes of the contaminated GDL and micro-porous layer (MPL) were tested using a force tensiometer, which is measured in the sample mass changes by contacting and penetrating the liquid. The three-phase boundary contact of solid-liquid-gas onto the GDL is moving during the fuel cell operation, therefore dynamic contact angles were measured in advancing and receding angles by Wilhelmy balance method. The measuring sample was prepared by a double-sided adhesive tape to get the GDL or the MPL on both sides. Figure 1 shows water submersion cycles of the wetted surface force acting on Freudenberg C4 MPL-coated GDL for the as-received and after soaking in DI water and CaSO 4 solution at 80 °C for 100hr. The contact angle can be calculated with the solid perimeter and the liquid surface tension because the measured force is related to the liquid-solid surface tension. The hydrophilic plain-paper GDL of Freudenberg C4 was resulted in larger contact angle hysteresis then the hydrophobic MPL. As shown in Table 1, the contaminated GDL shows the lowest contact angle in both immerging and emerging to the liquid, whereas there was no difference in the wetting property of MPL for all three cases due to its hydrophobicity. The GDL wettability after soaking in the DI water was also reduced by aging effects in the hot water for 100hr. Figure 2 shows wetting processes for the dynamic contact angle while measuring the force on the sample due to wetting. Cationic impurities are also originated from the corrosion of bipolar plates, current collecting plates, end plates and even tube fittings and piping systems. In addition, the corrosion rate accelerates when cell/system is tested with contaminated salt solution and acidic cleaning solution. Therefore, anodic corrosion measurements namely, polarization measurement (R P ), corrosion current (I corr ) and corrosion rate (I CR ) are performed for stainless tube fittings, aluminum endplates and gold coated copper current collecting plates in various concentrations of CaSO 4 solution and cleaning solution of 10mM sulfuric acid. Acknowledg e ments Financial support from the Department of Energy (DOE)-EERE, DE-EE00000467 (University of Hawaii, prime contractor, Jean St-Pierre, PI) is greatly acknowledged. References [1] M. Uddin, J. Park, X. Wang, J. Qi, U. Pasaogullari, L. Bonville and T. Molter, ECS Transactions, 64 (3) 537-544 (2014) Figure 1
Induction of Endochondral Bone Formation by Recombinant Human Transforming Growth Factor-β2 in the Baboon (Papio ursinus) (2000)

Members of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily, the bone morphogenetic and osteogenic proteins (BMPs/OPs) but not the TGF-beta proteins themselves, induce endochondral bone formation in vivo, when implanted in extraskeletal heterotopic sites of rodents. Here we show that recombinant human TGF-beta2 (hTGF-beta2) induces endochondral bone formation 30 days after implantation in heterotopic intramuscular sites of the baboon (Papio ursinus) at doses of 1, 5 and 25 microg per 100 mg of guanidinium-inactivated collagenous bone matrix as carrier. On day 90 there was generation of large radiopaque and corticalized intramuscular ossicles. Five and 25 microg hTGF-beta2 induced large ossicles in the rectus abdominis of the primate as evaluated by key parameters of bone formation, including generated tissue area, mineralized bone and osteoid volumes, and tissue alkaline phosphatase activity. On day 30 and 90 after healing, hTGF-beta2 also induced bone formation when implanted in the rectus abdominis in conjunction with a sintered porous hydroxyapatite as carrier. mRNA expression in tissues from heterotopic specimens showed OP-1 (BMP-7) and BMP-3 transcripts in low abundance and with a linear dose-dependent increase both in collagenous matrix and hydroxyapatite samples. Type IV collagen mRNA expression, a marker of angiogenesis, was stronger in collagenous than hydroxyapatite samples. Growth and differentiation factor-10 (GDF-10) mRNA transcripts were expressed in ossicles with a distinctly chondrogenic phase, but its expression was greater in ossicles generated in porous hydroxyapatites, in which bone formation is not via a chondrogenic phase, but is rather intramembranous, without expression of type II collagen mRNA. In the same animals, however, 10 and 100 microg of the recombinant morphogen delivered by identical carriers (collagenous matrix and sintered hydroxyapatite) failed to heal calvarial defects. Thus in the primate, TGF-betas themselves are inducers of endochondral bone formation, although the present data strongly indicate that the bone inductive activity of hTGF-beta2 is site and tissue specific, since a single application of hTGF-beta2, or hTGF-beta1 in previously published experiments, did not induce bone in calvarial defects, but did induce endochondral bone differentiation in heterotopic sites.
A network-based frame-synchronous level building algorithm for connected word recognition (2003)

A network-based, frame-synchronous, level building (FSLB) algorithm is described for recognizing continuous speech as a connected sequence of words. Previous frame synchronous approaches to recognition have included the one-pass approach, the one-stage approach, and an unpublished multilevel approach. The proposed algorithm, which has all the features of these earlier methods, as well as several new features, and which is implemented in a network-based approach, is a numerically exact, frame synchronous, implementation of the conventional level building (LB) algorithm. As with some of the earlier methods, the proposed algorithm is highly regular and modularized for distributed computation among several spectral purpose processors. New features of the algorithm include the capability of determining the best alternative recognition strings (e.g. second and third best strings), at every level, even for very complicated grammar networks, and the capability of efficiently incorporating several word and state duration scoring techniques directly in the forward search thereby eliminating the need for a postprocessor as required in the direct LB implementation. Word transition rules (e.g. a language model) can also be easily incorporated into the proposed algorithm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Localized disruption of redox homeostasis boosting ferroptosis of tumor by hydrogel delivery system (2021)

Ferroptosis has received ever-increasing attention due to its unparalleled mechanism in eliminating resistant tumor cells. Nevertheless, the accumulation of toxic lipid peroxides (LPOs) at the tumor site is limited by the level of lipid oxidation. Herein, by leveraging versatile sodium alginate (ALG) hydrogel, a localized ferroptosis trigger consisting of gambogic acid (GA), 2,2'-azobis [2-(2-imidazolin-2-yl) propane] dihydrochloride (AIPH), and Ink (a photothermal agent), was constructed via simple intratumor injection. Upon 1064 ​nm laser irradiation, the stored AIPH rapidly decomposed into alkyl radicals (R•), which aggravated LPOs in tumor cells. Meanwhile, GA could inhibit heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) to reduce the heat resistance of tumor cells, and forcefully consume glutathione (GSH) to weaken the antioxidant capacity of cells. Systematic in vitro and in vivo experiments have demonstrated that synchronous consumption of GSH and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) facilitated reduced expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), which further contributed to disruption of intracellular redox homeostasis and ultimately boosted ferroptosis. This all-in-one strategy has a highly effective tumor suppression effect by depleting and generating fatal active compounds at tumor sites, which would pave a new route for the controllable, accurate, and coordinated tumor treatments.
Direct Fabrication of Periodic Structures on Surfaces (2010)

Abstract This report introduces a recently developed method for the direct fabrication of 2D and 3D structures. The technique involves the modulation of the laser beam intensity by generating interference patterns. By using high power lasers it is possible to directly modify the material's surface obtaining micro‐ and submicrometer periodic arrays with controlled spatial modulation. Some examples of fabricated structures on metals, polymers as well as ta‐C layers are discussed.
F-69 Micro-X-ray Fluorescence with the M4 Tornado (2009)

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Hydrophobicity with atomic resolution: Steady-state and ultrafast X-ray absorption and molecular dynamics studies (2012)

Static and time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is used to probe the solvent shell structure around iodide and iodine. In particular, we characterize the changes observed upon electron abstraction of aqueous iodide, which reflects the transition from hydrophilic to hydrophobic solvation after impulsive electron abstraction from iodide. The static spectrum of aqueous iodide, which is analyzed using quantum mechanical/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, indicates that the hydrogens of the closest water molecules point toward the iodide, as expected for hydrophilic solvation. In addition, these simulations demonstrate a small anisotropy in the solvent shell. Following electron abstraction, most of the water molecules move away from iodine, while one comes closer to form a complex with it that survives for 3–4 ps. This lifetime is governed by the reorganization of the main solvation shell, basically the time it takes for the water molecules to reform a hydrogen bond network in the hydrophobic solvation shell.
Sterol regulation of scavenger receptor class B type I in macrophages (2004)

Scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) is expressed in macrophages, but its role in sterol trafficking in these cells remains controversial. We examined the effect of sterol loading on SR-BI expression in human monocytes/macrophages, mouse peritoneal macrophages, and a cultured mouse macrophage cell line (J774 cells). Sterol loading using either acetylated LDL or 25-hydroxycholesterol resulted in a time- and concentration-dependent decrease in SR-BI protein and mRNA levels. Treatment of lipid-loaded J774 cells with cyclodextrin or HDL to promote cellular sterol efflux was associated with an increase in SR-BI expression. Studies were performed to determine if the sterol-associated downregulation of SR-BI in macrophages was mediated by either sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) or the liver X receptor (LXR). Expression of constitutively active SREBPs failed to alter the expression of a luciferase reporter placed downstream of a 2556 bp 5' flanking sequence from the mouse SR-BI gene. Reduction in SR-BI expression was also seen in sterol-loaded peritoneal macrophages from mice expressing no LXRalpha and LXRbeta. We conclude that SR-BI levels in macrophages are responsive to changes in intracellular sterol content and that these sterol-associated changes are not mediated by LXR and are unlikely to be mediated by an SREBP pathway.
Footstep Planning of Tripod Gait for Teleoperation of Hexapod robot by Anytime Algorithm (2017)

The teleoperation system for the hexapod robot and its footstep planning algorithm are proposed to assist the teleoperation of the walking on the environment cluttered with obstacles. In this paper, ARA* (Anytime Repairing A*) algorithm is implemented to the footstep planning for real time calculation. ARA* is one of the anytime algorithm to allow tuning heuristic search. By finding a sub-optimal solution in early time, it modifies the solution in the permitted time. The footstep patterns are limited in the conventional method, but since the search of the allowable landing point around the candidate of the footstep pattern is implemented, the pattern of obstacle avoidance is found easily without detour. The simulation result shows the effectiveness of the proposed teleoperation system.
Small-Molecule Antioxidant Proteome-Shields in Deinococcus radiodurans (2010)

For Deinococcus radiodurans and other bacteria which are extremely resistant to ionizing radiation, ultraviolet radiation, and desiccation, a mechanistic link exists between resistance, manganese accumulation, and protein protection. We show that ultrafiltered, protein-free preparations of D. radiodurans cell extracts prevent protein oxidation at massive doses of ionizing radiation. In contrast, ultrafiltrates from ionizing radiation-sensitive bacteria were not protective. The D. radiodurans ultrafiltrate was enriched in Mn, phosphate, nucleosides and bases, and peptides. When reconstituted in vitro at concentrations approximating those in the D. radiodurans cytosol, peptides interacted synergistically with Mn(2+) and orthophosphate, and preserved the activity of large, multimeric enzymes exposed to 50,000 Gy, conditions which obliterated DNA. When applied ex vivo, the D. radiodurans ultrafiltrate protected Escherichia coli cells and human Jurkat T cells from extreme cellular insults caused by ionizing radiation. By establishing that Mn(2+)-metabolite complexes of D. radiodurans specifically protect proteins against indirect damage caused by gamma-rays delivered in vast doses, our findings provide the basis for a new approach to radioprotection and insight into how surplus Mn budgets in cells combat reactive oxygen species.
Structure and magnetism in DyxPr1-xand ErxPr1-xalloys: II. Double-hexagonal close-packed structure (2001)

The structure and magnetism of epitaxial thin-film dysprosium-praseodymium and erbium-praseodymium alloys with the double-hexagonal close-packed (dhcp) crystal structure have been investigated. Short-range atomic and magnetic order have been found for DyxPr1-x with 0.4⩾x⩾0.05 and ErxPr1-x with 0.2⩾x⩾0.05. The distribution of the two species within the alloys was established with x-ray and neutron diffraction techniques. The atomic order is complex; the four planes of the unit cell have differing concentrations of constituents. In addition there are occasional clusters within the close-packed planes. The magnetic behaviour was investigated using neutron diffraction. Surprisingly, only short-range order is observed in the dhcp-structure alloys. Magnetization measurements suggest that Dy0.13Pr0.87 exhibits spin-glass behaviour. The roles of the indirect exchange interaction, the dipole-dipole interaction and the crystal field are considered in detail.
Real Time Implementation of DOC-DPF Models on a Production-Intent ECU for Controls and Diagnostics of a PM Emission Control System (2009)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper describes the joint development by Tenneco and Pi Shurlok of a complete diesel engine aftertreatment system for controlling particulate matter emissions. The system consists of a DOC, DPF, sensors, controller and an exhaust fuel injection system to allow active DPF regeneration.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The mechanical components were designed for flow uniformity, low backpressure and component durability. The overall package is intended as a complete PM control system solution for OEMs, which does not require any significant additions to the OEM's engine control strategies and minimizes integration complexity. Thus, to make it easier to adapt to different engine platforms, ranging from small off-road vehicle engines to large locomotive engines, model-based control algorithms were developed in preference to map-based controls.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Pi's recently-developed general-purpose OpenECU electronic controller, based on the MPC-5534 processor core, was applied to run the advanced 1-D DOC and 0-D lumped DPF thermo-chemical models in real time to control the fuel injection system. The system was integrated with a Cummins 5.9 L engine in the engine dynamometer laboratory at Tenneco. The control algorithm and models were first calibrated offline using the experimental and baseline engine data using Hardware-ln-the-Loop test environment. The control strategies were then tested in real time on the engine dynamometer. The models were able to predict DOC and DPF parameters such as temperatures, pressure drop, soot load and emissions in real time with good accuracy. These “virtual sensor” measurements provide great scope for advanced diagnostic strategies to detect component or sensor failures. During active regeneration, the control strategy was able to control the DOC outlet temperature within a range of +/-50 °C from the set target and effectively regenerate the DPF under engine transients. The HC slip measured was less than 60 PPM during active regeneration.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;These system performance results confirmed the feasibility of active DPF regeneration in the context of increasingly stringent regulations for emissions limits and increasingly complex diagnostic requirements.&lt;/div&gt;
Management of patients with low-grade liposarcoma, or atypical lipoma (2002)

Liposarcomas are a heterogeneous group of tumors with variable histopathology and clinical behavior. Accurate diagnosis, subtyping, and grading are essential to select appropriate treatment. Well-differentiated tumors are slow-growing and may reach large sizes without symptoms. They are considered local diseases with low metastatic potential but with a tendency to recur and transform into aggressive sarcomas. To prevent excessive treatment of these indolent tumors, terms such “atypical lipomatous tumor” or “atypical lipoma” have been proposed, and although a consensus has not yet been reached, conservative surgical resection with attention to margins is favored. When negative margins are not obtained, radiotherapy may decrease local recurrence. Myxoid variants often metastasize and should be treated aggressively with surgery and judicious use of preoperative or postoperative radiotherapy. Resection of pulmonary metastases prolongs survival in selected patients. Chemotherapy benefits 25% of patients with metastatic or unresectable disease. Its optimal integration with local treatments in adjuvant or neoadjuvant settings is the focus of ongoing clinical trials.
Organizing a distributed application in a mobile ad hoc network (2003)

A distributed application that operates in an ad hoc network formed by mobile nodes must limit its use of all-to-all communication since the overall capacity of such a network is severely constrained. To address this problem, we describe an algorithm that allows an application to impose a hierarchical structure on the participating nodes. A simple tree is maintained as hosts join and leave the ad hoc network. We evaluate this algorithm in the context of a collaboration tool for a network of Linux laptops using IEEE 802.11b network cards. Preliminary performance results from our mobile test-bed indicate that the application responds well to connectivity changes and is sufficiently agile to run in a highly mobile environment.
Development of renal renin-expressing cells does not involve PDGF-B-PDGFR-βsignaling (2013)

Apart from their endocrine functions renin-expressing cells play an important functional role as mural cells of the developing preglomerular arteriolar vessel tree in the kidney. The recruitment of renin-expressing cells from the mesenchyme to the vessel wall is not well understood. Assuming that it may follow more general lines of pericyte recruitment to endothelial tubes we have now investigated the relevance of the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-B-PDGFR-β signaling pathway in this context. We studied renin expression in kidneys lacking PDGFR-β in these cells and in kidneys with reduced endothelial PDGF-B expression. We found that expression of renin in the kidneys under normal and stimulated conditions was not different from wild-type kidneys. As expected, PDGFR-β immunoreactivity was found in mesangial, adventitial and tubulo-interstitial cells but not in renin-expressing cells. These findings suggest that the PDGF-B-PDGFR-β signaling pathway is not essential for the recruitment of renin-expressing cells to preglomerular vessel walls in the kidney.
Estimation of TX I/Q imbalance at the RX side with RX I/Q imbalance and carrier frequency offset for OFDM systems (2014)

Milli-meter wave (mmWave) band is attractive for 5G wireless communication systems, due to its free and wide spectrum and the small form factors of its RF components, which make massive MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) practical. One of the challenges of mm Wave communication is its severe RF impairments, such as I/Q (In-phase and Quadrature) imbalance. Because of the small form factors of the RF components at mmWave band, the calibration is much more difficult than that in the conventional band. The carrier frequency offset (CFO) will further limits the performance of system especially when it is entangled with the IQ imbalance. When only CFO or IQ imbalance exists, many efficient methods have been offered, but when both of them exist, these methods do not lead to effective estimation. In this paper, two novel preamble structures and the corresponding estimation algorithms are proposed that can treat the CFO and TX/RX I/Q imbalance together. With the proposed methods, we can first estimate the RX I/Q imbalance and CFO without the consideration of the TX I/Q imbalance. After that, we can separately estimate the TX I/Q imbalance and channel coefficients. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed methods could achieve as competitive performance as the ideal situation which is free of I/Q imbalance.
Homocyclic Ring Closures via Benzyne Intermediates. A New Synthesis of 1-Substituted Benzocyclobutenes1 (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHomocyclic Ring Closures via Benzyne Intermediates. A New Synthesis of 1-Substituted Benzocyclobutenes1J. F. Bunnett and Joseph A. SkorczCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1962, 27, 11, 3836–3843Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01058a019https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01058a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views705Altmetric-Citations54LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts