gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dopamine Receptor Activation Is Required for Corticostriatal Spike-Timing-Dependent Plasticity (2008)

Single action potentials (APs) backpropagate into the higher-order dendrites of striatal spiny projection neurons during cortically driven "up" states. The timing of these backpropagating APs relative to the arriving corticostriatal excitatory inputs determines changes in dendritic calcium concentration. The question arises to whether this spike-timing relative to cortical excitatory inputs can also induce synaptic plasticity at corticostriatal synapses. Here we show that timing of single postsynaptic APs relative to the cortically evoked EPSP determines both the direction and the strength of synaptic plasticity in spiny projection neurons. Single APs occurring 30 ms before the cortically evoked EPSP induced long-term depression (LTD), whereas APs occurring 10 ms after the EPSP induced long-term potentiation (LTP). The amount of plasticity decreased as the time between the APs and EPSPs was increased, with the resulting spike-timing window being broader for LTD than for LTP. In addition, we show that dopamine receptor activation is required for this spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP). Blocking dopamine D(1)/D(5) receptors prevented both LTD and LTP induction. In contrast, blocking dopamine D(2) receptors delayed, but did not prevent, LTD and sped induction of LTP. We conclude (1) that, in combination with cortical inputs, single APs evoked in spiny projection neurons can induce both LTP and LTD of the corticostriatal pathway; (2) that the strength and direction of these synaptic changes depend deterministically on the AP timing relative to the arriving cortical inputs; (3) that, whereas dopamine D(2) receptor activation modulates the initial phase of striatal STDP, dopamine D(1)/D(5) receptor activation is critically required for striatal STDP. Thus, the timing of APs relative to cortical inputs alone is not enough to induce corticostriatal plasticity, implying that ongoing activity does not affect synaptic strength unless dopamine receptors are activated.
pectroscopic density and temperature measurements and modelling of a discharge plasma for neutralized ion-beam transport. (2003)

pectroscopic density and temperature measurements and modelling of a discharge plasma for neutralized ion-beam transport.
Facile Chemical Synthesis of Nanocrystalline Thermoelectric Alloys Based on Bi−Sb−Te−Se (2010)

High yield syntheses of size-confined Bi2Te3 and Sb2Te3 nanocrystals and nanoflakes, and their alloys, were carried out by a facile glycol-mediated solvothermal process. Phase purity and good crystalline quality were achieved for all alloy compositions by this synthesis process. The isotropically and anisotropically shaped nanocrystals were obtained without using any capping molecule, template, or ligand. Plausible growth mechanisms have been proposed. Densification via spark plasma sintering allowed for dense bulk polycrystalline specimens with nonagglomerated nanograins. This work is of interest in the context of research toward enhancing the thermoelectric properties of these materials. The synthesis process may be modified and extended to design nanostructures of thermoelectric materials with related crystal structures.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra of Some Dialkylmercury Compounds (1959)

The Hg199 and H1 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of a series of dialkylmercury compounds have been obtained. The Hg199 results indicate that the shielding of the mercury increases along the series Me&amp;lt;n—Pr&amp;lt; Et&amp;lt;i—Pr. This increased shielding seems to be connected with an interaction of Hg199 and the β protons, as evidenced by the H1 resonance peaks and the Hg199–H1 spin-spin coupling constants.
Optimization of damping effect for the air spring by the frequency dependent orifice (2017)

This study proposes a newly developed structure for a frequency-dependent orifice for an air spring of a passenger train vehicle. This frequency-dependent orifice reduced both the rolling motion and the vertical vibration at high frequency. This paper also presents the numerical simulation results. Optimal settings of the springs and dampers of the bogie are essential for reducing the uncomfortable carbody motion while the train is running. The air springs provide insulation and damping through air compressibility in the bellows and pressure loss of the airflow passing through an orifice installed between the air spring and the auxiliary reservoir. The frequency characteristics of a standard air spring show a peak at a frequency of ~1 Hz of the rolling motion of the carbody. A smaller orifice seems to be one of the solutions to change this characteristic. However, this method worsens the damping property at high frequency. To solve this problem, a frequency-dependent orifice with active vibration control technology has been proposed. This orifice improves the vertical vibration at low frequencies and the rolling motion of the carbody; however, it does not improve the properties at high frequencies. The results of our previous research left issues such as the need to improve the high-frequency response in a future study. The results of this study show that our newly developed frequency-dependent orifice effectively reduces the vertical vibration at high frequency with no external power supply. We are planning further simulations including realistic disturbance and a running test using a prototype of the frequency-dependent orifice.
Cation-directed syntheses of novel zeolite-like metalloaluminophosphates STA-6 and STA-7 in the presence of azamacrocycle templates (2000)

Hydrothermal syntheses of divalent metal cation-containing aluminophosphates, or MAPOs (M = Mg, Mn, Fe, Co or Zn), have been performed using the azamacrocycle 1,4,8,11-tetramethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane as a structure directing agent. Whereas STA-6 (St. Andrews-6), a small pore zeotype with a one-dimensional channel system, is prepared when magnesium, manganese or iron is included in the synthesis gel, a new solid, STA-7, is prepared in the presence of cobalt or zinc. The structure of STA-7 has been solved and found to possess a tetrahedrally connected framework with a fully three-dimensional interconnected small pore channel system. The organic template molecules included during synthesis can completely be removed without loss of framework integrity from the cobalt form. Syntheses using the hexaazamacrocycle 1,4,7,10,13,16-hexamethyl-1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaazacyclooctadecane have also been successful in preparing STA-7 in the presence of divalent metal cations. Both STA-6 and STA-7 structure types can be considered to be built up of cages and chemical analysis and computer simulation suggest strongly that the macrocycles act to template these cages.
ChemInform Abstract: Higher Alcohol Synthesis (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The Association of a Single‐Nucleotide Polymorphism of the IL‐2 Inducible T‐cell Kinase Gene with Asthma (2011)

Asthma manifests as TH2-dominant airway inflammation regulated by inducible T-cell kinase (ITK). To investigate associations between genetic variants of the ITK gene and asthma, 31 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped in 303 normal controls and 498 asthmatics and the two groups were compared using logistic regression models. The functional effects of the ITK promoter SNP were assessed using pGL3 luciferase reporter systems and gel-shift assays. The minor allele-196C>T in the promoter region of the ITK gene was significantly more frequent in asthmatics than in controls. The luciferase activity of the PGL3-ITK-196T allele construct was higher than that of the -196C allele. In the gel-shift assay, -196T double-stranded oligonucleotides bound more strongly to Jurkat cell nuclear protein compared to the -196C double-stranded oligonucleotides. People with the -rare allele 196C>T may be more susceptible to asthma via transcriptional regulation of the ITK gene.
New bistable twisted nematic liquid crystal displays (1998)

We have developed new bistable twisted nematic (BTN) displays that operate between the −π/2 and 3π/2 twist states and between the π/2 and 5π/2 twist states. Together with the (0,2π) BTN, this forms a set of all possible transmittive BTNs. Experimentally, it was confirmed that several switching wave forms could be used to switch the BTN from one state to another. Voltages below 10 V are sufficient to reset and switch these BTNs. The effect of the d/P0 ratio on the bistable switching characteristics is also investigated.
Ceramic bayonet tubes ultra high temperature heat exchanger (UHTHE) for advanced coal EFCC plants: thermomechanical sizing and design (1998)

An innovative ceramic bayonet tubes, ultra high temperature heat exchanger (UHTHE), has been fully designed, in the frame of an EC funded Joule project (JOU3-CT95-004) started in 1996. The UHTHE is the key component of the Externally Fired Combined Cycle (EFCC); one of the most promising of the 'Clean Coal Technologies'. The present work shows all the main aspects related to the UHTEH thermomechanical sizing and design. Details are supplied in particular on the relevant engineering solutions adopted for the most critical aspects with the reference to the final UHTHE project. All the UHTEH sizing relevant problems were analyzed by an ad hoc developed design code: Bay CHE (Bayonet Ceramic Heat Exchanger) in addition a complete FE study in support to the design was performed. In the present work the most relevant thermomechanical analysis results are also shown. 6 refs., 11 figs.
Shedding new light on circadian clocks (2013)

Using a clever combination of genetic and biochemical tools researchers have shown that a transcription factor called USF1 has a central role in determining how mutations of the Clock gene manifest themselves in the behaviour of different mouse strains.
Perspective on This Article from Lung Cancer Chemoprevention with Celecoxib in Former Smokers (2023)

Perspective on This Article from Lung Cancer Chemoprevention with Celecoxib in Former Smokers
Gewinnen Strategien für mathematische Spiele (1985)

2 3 5 7 d =1 4 6 d =1 2 3 4 5 6 7 3 3 d d d d 1 2 1 2 00 01 002 04 10 05 05 05 01 11 05 002 II 002 051 02 02 022 12 024 026 03 02 022 022 034 06 06 13 022 07 04 017 04 017 044 045 14 05 051 15 05 054
Peptides, antibodies, and FRET on beads in flow cytometry: A model system using fluoresceinated and biotinylated β‐endorphin (1999)

Background: Particulate surfaces such as beads are routinely used as platforms for molecular assembly for fundamental and practical applications in flow cytometry. Molecular assembly is transduced as the direct analysis of fluorescence, or as a result of fluorescence resonance energy transfer. Binding of fluorescent ligands to beads sometimes alters their emission yield relative to the unbound ligands. Characterizing the physical basis of factors that regulate the fluorescence yield of bound fluorophores (on beads) is a necessary step toward their rational use as mediators of numerous fluorescence based applications. Methods: We have examined the binding between two biotinylated and fluoresceinated β-endorphin peptides and commercial streptavidin beads using flow cytometric analysis. We have analyzed the assembly between a specific monoclonal antibody and an endorphin peptide in solution using resonance energy transfer and compared the results on beads in flow cytometry using steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence. Results: We have defined conditions for binding biotinylated and fluoresceinated endorphin peptides to beads. These measurements suggest that the peptide structure can influence both the intensity of fluorescence and the mode of peptide binding on the bead surface. We have defined conditions for binding antibody to the bead using biotinylated protein A. We compared and contrasted the interactions between the fluoresceinated endorphin peptide and the rhodamine- labeled antibody. In solution we measure a Kd of <38 nM by resonance energy transfer and on beads 22 nM. Discussion: Some issues important to the modular assembly of a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) based sensing scheme have been resolved. The affinity of peptides used herein is a function of their solubility in water, and the emission intensity of the bound species depends on the separation distance between the fluorescein and the biotin moiety. This is due to the quasi-specific quenching interaction between the fluorescein and a proximal binding pocket of streptavidin. Detection of antibodies in solution and on beads either by FRET or capture of fluorescent ligands by dark antibodies subsequently enables the determination of Kd values, which indicate agreement between solution and flow cytometric determinations. Cytometry 37:21–31, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Supplementary Methods S1 from A Three-Dimensional Organoid Culture System Derived from Human Glioblastomas Recapitulates the Hypoxic Gradients and Cancer Stem Cell Heterogeneity of Tumors Found <i>In Vivo</i> (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Extended Organoid Culture Methods&lt;/p&gt;
The lubrication approximation for thin viscous films: the moving contact line with a 'porous media' cut-off of van der Waals interactions (1994)

Abstract. We consider the effect of a second-order ‘porous media ’ term on the evolution of weak solutions of the fourth-order degenerate diffnsion equation ht =-V. (h“VAh- Vhm) in one space dimension. The equation without the second-order term is derived from a ‘lubrication approximation ’ and models surface tension dominated motion of thin viscous films and spreading droplets. Here h(x. I) is the thickness of the film, and the physical problem corresponds to n = 3. For simplicity, we consider periodic boundary conditions which has the physical interpretation of modelling a penodic “ray of droplets. In a previous work we studied the above equation without the second-order ‘porous media ’ term. In particular we showed the existence of non-negative weak solutions with increasing support for 0 &amp;lt; n &amp;lt; 3 but the techniques failed for n&amp;gt; 3. This is consistent with the fact that, in this case, non-negative self-similar source-type solutions do not eltist for n 2 3. In this work, we discuss a physical justification for the ‘porous media ’ term when n = 3 and 1- = m &amp;lt; 2. We propose such behaviour as a cut off of the singular ’disjoining pressure’
Packaging and sensing platform using opto-electronic zinc oxide nano-heterostructure integration (2013)

In this work we report the sensing behavior of zinc oxide/pyrenebutyric acid nano-heterostructure and subsequent packaging of the sensor. High quality zinc oxide nanowires were synthesized and appropriately characterized. Surface of zinc oxide nanowires were engineered with optically active pyrenebutyric acid. Time dependent fluorescence quenching of the nano-heterostructure was utilized as a means to establish sensing behavior in presence of p-nitrophenol analyte. Furthermore, electrical characterization of pristine and surface-engineered zinc oxide nanowire chip is also reported. Based on these findings it was determined that the synthesized nano-heterostructure was capable of sensitive detection of p-nitrophenol vapor under ambient conditions. However, successful operation and reliable data is critically dependent on the analog sensor circuit design and subsequent packaging. Herein, we demonstrate a packaging strategy for integrating the sensing chip into a complete platform. Challenges with system integration are highlighted and a possible packaging approach for high sensitivity detection is outlined.
Failure of immunosurveillance accelerates aging (2019)

Immunosurveillance is generally conceived as a mechanism through which the immune system detects and eliminates (pre-)malignant cells, thus reducing the risk of developing cancer. A recent paper by Ovadya et al. demonstrates that knockout of the gene coding for perforin-1 causes accelerated accumulation of senescent cells in multiple mouse organs, thereby speeding up the aging process. These results suggest that immunosurveillance plays a much broader role in maintaining organismal health than it had been suspected.
Qualification and Characterization of SRAM Memories Used as Radiation Sensors in the LHC (2014)

An 8 Mbit 90-nm memory is proposed as a new high energy hadron fluence sensor. The obtained cross sections for protons (30 MeV up to 480 MeV) and thermal neutrons as well as their dependency on the TID together with the control circuitry is presented. Burst events were recorded during irradiation and an analysis on the causes has been performed proposing an algorithm to mitigate and correct the burst multiple events. Finally, the effects of the energy dependency on the measurements in the LHC mixed radiation field are discussed.
Manual of SDS-PAGE and Immunoblotting Techniques (2015)

A collection of methods and examples illustrating how to do sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and immunoelectroblotting, or western blotting.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND THE CRYSTAL AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF A PLATINUM‐BRIDGED DERIVATIVE OF ROUSSIN′S RED SALT, (PH3P)2PT(μ3‐S)2FE2(NO)4 (1983)

Abstract Die Reaktion des roten Roussinschen Salzes (I) mit dem cis‐Dichloro‐Pt‐Komplex (II) führt zu dem Titelkomplex (III).
MrgX2 Is a High Potency Cortistatin Receptor Expressed in Dorsal Root Ganglion (2003)

MrgX2 is a recently identified orphan G-protein-coupled receptor whose ligand and physiological function were unknown. Here we describe cortistatin, a neuropeptide for which no specific receptor has been identified previously, as a high potency ligand at MrgX2. Cortistatin has several biological functions including roles in sleep regulation, locomotor activity, and cortical function. Using a "reverse pharmacology" approach, we have identified a number of additional cyclic peptide agonists for MrgX2, determined their rank order of potency, and demonstrated that this receptor has a pharmacological profile distinct from the other characterized members of the Mrg (Mas-related genes) family. In MrgX2-expressing cells, cortistatin-stimulated increases in intracellular Ca2+ but had no effect on basal or forskolin-stimulated cAMP levels, suggesting that this receptor is Gq-coupled. Immunohistochemical and quantitative PCR studies show MrgX2 to have a limited expression profile, both peripheral and within the central nervous system, with highest levels in dorsal root ganglion.
Determination of Perforation Schemes To Control Production and Injection Profiles Along Horizontal Wells (1997)

Summary The flowing pressure drop along the wellbore gives rise to increasing drawdown in the direction of flow. Particularly for long horizontal wells, this may lead to strongly nonuniform inflow. Lithology variation has similar effects. For production wells, nonuniform inflow may aggravate cresting and cause premature breakthrough of gas or water. For water flooding, sweep efficiency often depends on uniform injection over long horizontal distances. Thus, control of the injection profile may be imperative to efficient recovery. The paper describes a scheme for control of production and injection profiles by means of perforation-density variation. The method developed enables determination of such perforation schemes on the basis of classical inflow efficiency concepts and models.
Evaluation of electrochemically generated ozone for the disinfection of water and wastewater (2004)

Effective wastewater treatment is critical to public health and well-being. This is especially true in developing countries, where disinfection of wastewater is frequently inadequate. People who live in these areas may benefit from wastewater disinfection using ozone. This study evaluated the ability of a new electrochemical process of ozone generation, which produced ozone continuously at high pressure and concentration by the electrolysis of water, to disinfect tap water and secondarily treated wastewater. Inactivation of Klebsiella terrigena, Escherichia coli, MS2 bacteriophage and poliovirus 1 was evaluated first in reverse osmosis (RO) treated water. Inactivation of K. terrigena (6-log), E. coli (6-log), MS2 (6-log) and poliovirus 1 (>3-log) was observed after 1 min of ozonation in a 1 L batch reactor. Experiments were then performed to assess the microbiological impact of disinfection using ozone on secondarily treated municipal wastewater. The effect of ozonation on wastewater was determined for total and faecal coliforms, bacteriophages and heterotrophic plate count (HPC) bacteria. Electrochemical ozone generators provided an effective, rapid and low-cost method of wastewater disinfection. Based on the results of this research, electrochemically generated ozone would be well suited to remote, small-scale, disinfection operations and may provide a feasible means of wastewater disinfection in developing countries.
Measurement of the diffusion coefficient of strongly interacting colloidal suspensions by nondegenerate two-wave mixing (1991)

We have measured the diffusion coefficient of strongly interacting ``colloidal liquids'' near the ``liquid''-``solid'' phase transition using nondegenerate two-wave mixing. We self-consistently calculate the diffusion coefficient as the product of the elastic modulus and a relaxation time that is identified as the time taken for a particle to diffuse one-tenth of the average interparticle distance. This procedure also predicts an electrolyte concentration where the diffusion coefficient vanishes, which is identified with the melting point of the colloidal crystal. This is shown to be essentially identical to the Lindemann criterion. In addition, we find that the colloidal liquid-solid transition as a function of ionic concentration gives a critical exponent \ensuremath{\gamma}=0.08\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.003.
Characterization of XML Functional Dependencies and their Interaction with DTDs (2006)

With the rise of XML as a standard model of data exchange, XML functional dependencies (XFDs) have become important to areas such as key analysis, document normalization, and data integrity. XFDs are more complicated than relational functional dependencies because the set of XFDs satisfied by an XML document depends not only on the document values, but also the tree structure and corresponding DTD. In particular, constraints imposed by DTDs may alter the implications from a base set of XFDs, and may even be inconsistent with a set of XFDs. In this paper we examine the interaction between XFDs and DTDs. We present a sound and complete axiomatization for XFDs, both alone and in the presence of certain classes of DTDs. We show that these DTD classes form an axiomatic hierarchy, with the axioms at each level a proper superset of the previous. Furthermore, we show that consistency checking with respect to a set of XFDs is feasible for these same classes.
Superconductivity-enhanced bias spectroscopy in carbon nanotube quantum dots (2009)

We study low-temperature transport through carbon nanotube quantum dots in the Coulomb blockade regime coupled to niobium-based superconducting leads. We observe pronounced conductance peaks at finite source-drain bias, which we ascribe to elastic and inelastic cotunneling processes enhanced by the coherence peaks in the density of states of the superconducting leads. The inelastic cotunneling thresholds display a marked dependence on gate voltage caused by different tunneling renormalizations of the two subbands in the nanotube. Finally, we discuss the gate-dependent subgap structure observed in a strongly coupled device with odd electron occupation.