gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-power 980-nm pump module operating without a thermoelectric cooler (1996)

Summary form only given. A 980-nm laser diode module for EDFA pumping without a thermoelectric cooler has been demonstrated, Such a module has the advantages of reduced size, power consumption, and potentially improved module lifetime.
Advances in the Study of Bionic Mineralized Collagen, PLGA, Magnesium Ionomer Materials, and Their Composite Scaffolds for Bone Defect Treatment (2023)

The healing of bone defects after a fracture remains a key issue to be addressed. Globally, more than 20 million patients experience bone defects annually. Among all artificial bone repair materials that can aid healing, implantable scaffolds made from a mineralized collagen (MC) base have the strongest bionic properties. The MC/PLGA scaffold, created by adding Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) copolymer (PLGA) and magnesium metal to the MC substrate, plays a powerful role in promoting fracture healing because, on the one hand, it has good biocompatibility similar to that of MC; on the other hand, the addition of PLGA provides the scaffold with an interconnected porous structure, and the addition of magnesium allows the scaffold to perform anti-inflammatory, osteogenic, and angiogenic activities. Using the latest 3D printing technology for scaffold fabrication, it is possible to model the scaffold in advance according to the requirement and produce a therapeutic scaffold suitable for various bone-defect shapes with less time and effort, which can promote bone tissue healing and regeneration to the maximum extent. This study reviews the material selection and technical preparation of MC/PLGA scaffolds, and the progress of their research on bone defect treatment.
Preliminary experience in mitral valve repair using theCosgrove?Edwards annuloplasty ring (2003)

There is a wide range of annuloplasty systems available now. However, controversy concerning the choice of annuloplasty device persists. We analyzed our preliminary experience in mitral valve repair using the Cosgrove-Edwards annuloplasty ring. To correct their mitral insufficiency (MI), 118 consecutive patients (mean age, 60.4+/-15.1 years) underwent mitral repair using this annuloplasty device. NYHA functional class 3 or 4 were present in 86.4%. Degenerative heart disease was the cause of MI in 36.6% of the patients, ischemic heart disease in 25.4%, Barlow's disease in 17.8%, and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy in 7.6%. Mitral surgical procedures included quadrangular resection and sliding of the posterior leaflet, posterior leaflet decalcification, anterior leaflet repair, the edge-to-edge technique, and chordal repair. Mean follow-up was 25.1+/-14.0 months. There were four in-hospital non-valve-related cardiac deaths, and one in-hospital non-cardiac death. No cases of systolic anterior motion were observed. NYHA functional class improved from 3.3+/-0.7, before repair, to 1.3+/-0.6, at follow-up (P=0.00012), MI from 3.6+/-0.5 to 0.5+/-0.6 (P=0.0096), and left ventricular ejection fraction from 52.0+/-12.2% to 55.4+/-12.0% (P=0.044). Three-year actuarial rates of survival, freedom from thromboembolism, and freedom from mitral reoperation were 96.9, 97.9, and 96.4%, respectively. The Cosgrove-Edwards annuloplasty ring does not combine with systolic anterior motion. It minimizes MI secondary to all causes, and preserves left ventricular function.
1/fnoise in the half-metallic oxidesCrO2,Fe3O4,andLa2/3Sr1/3MnO3 (1999)

The excess low-frequency $(1/f)$ electrical noise of three representative half-metallic oxides, ${\mathrm{CrO}}_{2},$ ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{4},$ and ${\mathrm{La}}_{2/3}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{1/3}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3},$ has been studied as a function of the temperature (5--300 K) and a magnetic field (up to 12 T). In ${\mathrm{CrO}}_{2}$ and ${\mathrm{La}}_{2/3}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{1/3}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3},$ the resistance fluctuations are investigated in the metallic regime, below ${T}_{c}.$ The magnetite noise is measured across the Verwey transition, in the hopping regime. We find, in all these oxides, a high normalized noise level which roughly follows the temperature dependence of the resistivity. For ${\mathrm{CrO}}_{2}$ and ${\mathrm{La}}_{2/3}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{1/3}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3},$ the form of the density of state of the responsible excitations is inferred. Oxygen displacement around grain boundaries, magnetic fluctuations, and reversed-spin electronic excitations in the band structure are discussed as possible explanations of the low-frequency fluctuations. For ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{4},$ the $1/f$ noise and its temperature dependence are attributed to fluctuations of the number of carriers in a critical network.
ChemInform Abstract: THE SYNTHESIS AND SPECTRA OF NEW (E)‐(TRANS)‐ AND (Z)‐(CIS)‐1‐ALKYL‐2‐ARYL(ALKYL)‐3‐AROYLAZIRIDINES (1978)

Abstract Aus den isomeren ungesättigten Bromketonen (I) erhält man mit Aminen (II) die isomeren Addukte (III), die zu stereoisomeren Aroyl‐aziridinen (IV) cyclisiert werden.
Investigation of Strain Gradients and Magnitudes During Microbending (2011)

Sheet metal forming of parts with microscale dimensions is gaining importance due to the current trend towards miniaturization, especially in the electronics industry. In microforming, although the process dimensions are scaled down, the polycrystalline material stays the same (e.g., the grain size remains constant). When the specimen feature size approaches the grain size, the properties of individual grains begin to affect the overall deformation behavior. This results in inhomogeneous deformation and increased data scatter of the process parameters. In this research, the influence of the specimen size and the grain size on the distribution of plastic deformation through the thickness during a 3-point microbending process is investigated via digital image correlation. Results showed that with miniaturization, a decrease in the strain gradient existed which matched previous research with respect to micro-hardness measurement.
Evaluating an Ideation Method in a Real-Life Context: A Field Test From the Railway Sector (2016)

A great number of ideation methods are available to assist the engineer in the conceptual phase of product development. Previous research on idea generation suggests that, in order to understand how ideation can be successful in reality, the context must be taken into account. Therefore, evaluating promising ideation methods in the intended use setting should be an important complement to other research studies in the field of engineering design. In the present study, an ideation method which had previously been developed by the present authors in close collaboration with industry, a government agency, and academia was evaluated in a typical use setting. Testing the method in a use setting led to unexpected events and to new insights into the method. During the most ideation-intensive stage of the method, one of the groups in the use setting generated suggestions at a rate similar to that of the small representative group in which the development of the method had taken place, whereas the other three groups in the use setting had a lower suggestion generation rate. The findings indicated that the participants’ views on the method correlated with those of the group which had developed the method.
Study of a rain attenuation space-time channel model for tropical and equatorial areas (2009)

This paper tackles some issues on the modelling of the propagation channel in space and in time at Ku band and above for tropical or equatorial areas. In those areas, that will account for a large fraction of the satellite communication market in the next years, propagation impairments trough the troposphere especially due to rain can reach extreme values and thus make indispensable the use of Fade Mitigation Techniques (FMT). In order to optimise those FMT's, a statistical knowledge of the space-time evolution of the propagation channel is required to provide inputs to system simulators. The aim of this paper is to present improvements of a space time channel model previously developed for temperate areas, to better represent tropical and equatorial climates.
748 C3A-C3A RECEPTOR SYSTEMS IS INVOLVED IN THE CARDIOVASCULAR AND RENAL REMODELLING IN HYPERTENSIVE RATS (2012)

Background: We have demonstrated that vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) show the synthetic phenotype that induces the angiotensin (Ang) II production and the exaggerated growth. We found that complement 3 (C3) is expressed only in VSMCs from SHR, not in cells from Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats, by microarray analysis. We also demonstrated that C3 changes VSMCs to the synthetic phenotype through KLF-5. In the present study, we investigated contributions of C3 on phenotypic change and the exaggerated growth of VSMCs and mesangial cells (MCs) from SHR and SHR-SP in vitro, and cardiovascular and renal organ growth in SHR-SP in vivo. Designand Methods: We examined C3a inhibitor SB290157 on proliferation, expression of phenotype marker and KLF-5 mRNAs in VSMCs or MCs from WKY rats, SHR and SHR-SP. We examined effects of SB290157 on Ang II production in VSMCs or MCs measured by radioimmunoassay in conditioned medium.We examined effects of SB290157 on PCNA staining in aortic and kidney from three strains in vivo. Results: SB290157 significantly inhibited proliferation, expression of phenotype markers and KLF-5 mRNAs and significantly decreased Ang II production in VSMCs and MCs from SHR and SHR-SP.C3a inhibitor significantly suppressed PCNA staining in kidney from SHR/Izm and SHR-SP/Izm in vivo. Conclusion: C3a-C3a receptor system is a primary factor that genetically involved in the cardiovascular and renal remodelings in hypertension.
Molecular Separation of Two Behavioral Phenotypes by a Mutation Affecting the Promoters of a Ca-Activated K Channel (2000)

The Drosophila slowpoke gene encodes a BK-type calcium-activated potassium channel. Null mutations in slowpoke perturb the signaling properties of neurons and muscles and cause behavioral defects. The animals fly very poorly compared with wild-type strains and, after exposure to a bright but cool light or a heat pulse, exhibit a "sticky-feet" phenotype. Expression of slowpoke arises from five transcriptional promoters that express the gene in neural, muscle, and epithelial tissues. A chromosomal deletion (ash2(18)) has been identified that removes the neuronal promoters but not the muscle-tracheal cell promoter. This deletion complements the flight defect of slowpoke null mutants but not the sticky-feet phenotype. Electrophysiological assays confirm that the ash2(18) chromosome restores normal electrical properties to the flight muscle. This suggests that the flight defect arises from a lack of slowpoke expression in muscle, whereas the sticky-feet phenotype arises from a lack of expression in nervous tissue.
Sonography of the normal and abnormal stomach (excluding hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in children. (1986)

Prospective sonographic evaluation after water ingestion in 25 normal children aged 2 days to 15 years (mean 6.3 years) demonstrated that normal gastric wall thickness was less than 3 mm. Gastric walls of 5-15 mm thickness were seen in nine of about 6500 children undergoing abdominal sonographic examinations. These nine patients had a variety of unusual diseases, including varioliform gastritis, gastric ulcer, lymphoid hyperplasia, and gastric hamartoma. Previously unreported sonographic appearances were seen. The sonographic examination was instrumental in the detection of five clinically unsuspected gastric lesions and helpful in follow-up in four others.
CK-19 expression by RT-PCR in the peripheral blood of prostate cancer patients (2005)

4636 Background: Presence of epithelial cells in the peripheral blood of prostate cancer patients correlates with adverse prognostic factors and seems to impart a poorer prognosis in terms of disease free and overall survival in several series in the literature. Sensitive RT-PCR-based techniques for detection of epithelial antigen expression, such as CK-19, in the in the peripheral blood mononuclear fraction (PBMN) of prostate cancer (PC) patients may allow the detection of tumor progression at molecular level. Methods: We studied CK-19 expression by RT-PCR (as described in Datta YH et al. J Clin Oncol 1994,12:475–482) in PBMN samples of 10 control men and serially in 44 patients with PC every three months for 18 months. PSA progression was defined as any elevation in PSA values that was confirmed by two other sequential measurements. We considered time to PSA progression as the time interval in months from study entry to the first of the three aforementioned progressively elevated PSA levels. Chi-square and Fisher exact tests were used to evaluate correlations between categorical variables. Overall survival was computed from the collection of the first sample for CK-19 determination. Overall survival comparisons between groups with CK-19 positive and negative results were conducted by the Peto-Wilcoxon test. Results: None of the 10 normal control men expressed CK-19 in their PBMN. In the patients, CK-19 positivity at entry was not associated with age, Gleason score, clinical stage, PSA or Alkaline Phosphatase. Interestingly, having at least one positive CK-19 result during follow up correlated significantly with time to PSA progression (p = 0.049), specially in the subgroup of metastatic patients (p = 0.032). Conclusions: We conclude that CK-19 expression by RT-PCR in the PBMN of PC patients correlates with time to PSA progression. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
FootStriker (2017)

Today, ambitioned amateur athletes often do not have access to professional coaching but still invest great effort in becoming faster runners. Apart from a pure increase in the quantitative training load, a change of the running technique, e.g. transitioning from heel striking to fore- or midfoot running, can be highly effective and usually prevents knee-related injuries.
Cohesion (2012)

A thesis is usually written as a series of separate documents. The writer seldom begins at the beginning and works solidly in sequence through to the end over the writing process. It is not surprising, then, that when the chapter documents are assembled into one, additional work is needed to ensure cohesion across the whole entity. In this chapter, we outline some techniques for contributing to cohesion in a thesis text. The first suggestion we make is that you suspend disbelief and think of your thesis as a story.
Starch Nanoparticles: A Review (2010)

Starch is a natural, renewable, and biodegradable polymer produced by many plants as a source of stored energy. It is the second most abundant biomass material in nature. The starch structure has been under research for years, and because of its complexity, an universally accepted model is still lacking (Buleon, A.; et al. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 1998, 23, 85-112). However, the predominant model for starch is a concentric semicrystalline multiscale structure that allows the production of new nanoelements: (i) starch nanocrystals resulting from the disruption of amorphous domains from semicrystalline granules by acid hydrolysis and (ii) starch nanoparticles produced from gelatinized starch. This paper intends to give a clear overview of starch nanoparticle preparation, characterization, properties, and applications. Recent studies have shown that they could be used as fillers to improve mechanical and barrier properties of biocomposites. Their use for industrial packaging, continuously looking for innovative solutions for efficient and sustainable systems, is being investigated. Therefore, recently, starch nanoparticles have been the focus of an exponentially increasing number of works devoted to develop biocomposites by blending starch nanoparticles with different biopolymeric matrices. To our knowledge, this topic has never been reviewed, despite several published strategies and conclusions.
Water-Soluble Cyclophosphazenes as Durable Flame-Retardant Finishes for Nylon/Cotton Blend Fabrics (2022)

Nylon-cotton textile blends (Nyco) are known to be challenging substrates regarding their flame-retardant functionalization and its durability. In this study, two different water-soluble flame retardants based on cyclophosphazene together with glycerol (GlyCPZ) and thioglycerol (ThioGlyCPZ) were synthesized enabling a waterborne finishing for Nyco. An extensive investigation of the flame-retardant performance and mechanism as well as the washing fastness was conducted. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated changed degradation mechanisms for treated samples, which resulted in a reduced heat release capacity in microscale combustion calorimetry (MCC) measurements and an increased char yield. As a consequence, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) was enhanced from 20% for pure Nyco to 23% and 27.5% for GlyCPZ and ThioGlyCPZ, respectively. Also, the standardized flammability test according to ISO 15025 was passed. In addition, self-extinguishing characteristics were observed even after 10 washing cycles at 80 °C confirming the durability of the finishing. Sulfur was found to be gas phase active, as recombined sulfur compounds were identified in pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). Phosphorus was mainly active in the condensed phase, which was verified by analyses of digested burned textile samples using inductively coupled optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES).
Reconstitution and Characterization of the Escherichia coli Enterobactin Synthetase from EntB, EntE, and EntF (1998)

The siderophore molecule enterobactin, a cyclic trimeric lactone of N-(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)serine, is synthesized and secreted by Escherichia coli in response to iron starvation. Here we report the first reconstitution of enterobactin synthetase activity from pure protein components: holo-EntB, EntE, and holo-EntF. Holo-EntB and holo-EntF were obtained by pretreatment of apo-EntB and apo-EntF with coenzyme A and EntD, thereby eliminating the requirement for EntD in the enterobactin synthetase. The holo-EntF monomer acts as the catalyst for the formation of the three amide and three ester bonds in enterobactin using ATP, L-serine, and acyl-holo-EntB, acylated with 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate by EntE, as substrates with a turnover rate of 120-140 min-1. There is no evidence for a stable complex of the enterobactin synthetase components. Mutation of holo-EntF in the thioesterase domain at the putative active site serine residue (Ser1138 to Ala) eliminated enterobactin synthetase activity; however, the mutant holo-EntF retained the ability to adenylate serine and to autoacylate itself by thioester formation between serine and its attached phosphopantetheine cofactor. The mutant holo-EntF also appeared to slowly release N-(2, 3-dihydroxybenzoyl)serine.
The direct Nyquist array design of PID controllers (2000)

The gain and phase margins design for single-input single-output proportional-integral-derivative controllers is extended to the multivariable system's Nyquist array. The design method allows the user to specify the robustness and performance of the system through gain and phase margin specifications. The unformatted design procedure given in this paper is well suited for implementing self-tuning PID control for multivariable processes. A laboratory implementation is given in the paper to demonstrate the design method.
Serotype-dependent adhesion of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli to bovine milk fat globule membrane proteins (2022)

Shiga toxin-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> (STEC) are food-borne pathogens that can cause severe symptoms for humans. Raw milk products are often incriminated as vehicule for human STEC infection. However, raw milk naturally contains molecules, such as the milk fat globule membrane and associated proteins, that could inhibit pathogen adhesion by acting as mimetic ligands. This study aimed to: (i) evaluate the capability of STEC cells to adhere to bovine milk fat globule membrane proteins (MFGMPs), (ii) highlight STEC surface proteins associated with adhesion and (iii) evaluate the variation between different STEC serotypes. We evaluated the physicochemical interactions between STEC and milk fat globules (MFGs) by analyzing hydrophobic properties and measuring the ζ-potential. We used a plate adhesion assay to assess adhesion between MFGMPs and 15 <i>Escherichia coli</i> strains belonging to three key serotypes (O157:H7, O26:H11, and O103:H2). A relative quantitative proteomic approach was conducted by mass spectrometry to identify STEC surface proteins that may be involved in STEC-MFG adhesion. The majority of <i>E. coli</i> strains showed a hydrophilic profile. The ζ-potential values were between -3.7 and - 2.9 mV for the strains and between -12.2 ± 0.14 mV for MFGs. Our results suggest that non-specific interactions are not strongly involved in STEC-MFG association and that molecular bonds could form between STEC and MFGs. Plate adhesion assays showed a weak adhesion of O157:H7 <i>E. coli</i> strains to MFGMPs. In contrast, O26:H11 and O103:H2 serotypes attached more to MFGMPs. Relative quantitative proteomic analysis showed that the O26:H11 str. 21,765 differentially expressed five outer membrane-associated proteins or lipoproteins compared with the O157:H7 str. EDL933. This analysis also found strain-specific differentially expressed proteins, including four O26:H11 str. 21,765-specific proteins/lipoproteins and eight O103:H2 str. PMK5-specific proteins. For the first time, we demonstrated STEC adhesion to MFGMPs and discovered a serotype effect. Several outer membrane proteins-OmpC and homologous proteins, intimin, Type 1 Fimbriae, and AIDA-I-that may be involved in STEC-MFG adhesion were highlighted. More research on STEC's ability to adhere to MFGMs in diverse biological environments, such as raw milk cheeses and the human gastrointestinal tract, is needed to confirm the anti-adhesion properties of the STEC-MFG complex.
Equilibrium Dialysis and Cell Binding Studies on Bandeiraea simplicifoka Lectin (1975)

Equilibrium dialysis studies on the binding of the blood group B-specific Bandeiraea simplicifolia lectin to methyl alpha-D-galactopyranoside demonstrated the existence of one carbohydrate binding site per subunit for the tetrameric protein, with an intrinsic association constant of 8.6 x 10(4) (M) (-1) at 2 degrees and 3.3 x 10(4) (M)(-1) at 20 degrees. These values correspond to a free energy of binding, ΔG(0') (pH 7.2), of -6.21 kcal/mol and-6.06 kcal/mol at 2 degrees and 20 degrees, respectively. The sites appeared homogeneous and noninteracting. B. simplicifolia lectin receptor sites per human B erythrocyte varied from 0.72 x 10(5) to 1.34 x 10(5) with an apparent association constant of 1.1 x 10(7) (M)(-1) to 2.9 x 10(7) (M)(-l). The binding characteristics of B. simplicifolia lectin are compared to other purified lectins.
ChemInform Abstract: PERI‐ AND REGIOSELECTIVITIES OF THE NICKEL(0)‐CATALYZED VALENCE ISOMERIZATION OF THE 1,8‐BISHOMOCUBANE SYSTEM. A MOLECULAR ORBITAL CONSIDERATION (1976)

Abstract In Gegenwart von Ni(O)L2‐Komplexen mit 1 z.B. Acrylonitril oder Cyclooctadien‐(1,5) als Liganden und unter Zusatz von Methyl‐ acrylat oder Triphenylphosphin führt die Gerüstumlagerung des Pentacyclodecans i (II) hauptsächlich zu den Produkten (III) und (IV).