gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Minimum Variance Estimation of a Sparse Vector Within the Linear Gaussian Model: An RKHS Approach (2014)

We consider minimum variance estimation within the sparse linear Gaussian model (SLGM). A sparse vector is to be estimated from a linearly transformed version embedded in Gaussian noise. Our analysis is based on the theory of reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces (RKHS). After a characterization of the RKHS associated with the SLGM, we derive a lower bound on the minimum variance achievable by estimators with a prescribed bias function, including the important special case of unbiased estimation. This bound is obtained via an orthogonal projection of the prescribed mean function onto a subspace of the RKHS associated with the SLGM. It provides an approximation to the minimum achievable variance (Barankin bound) that is tighter than any known bound. Our bound holds for an arbitrary system matrix, including the overdetermined and underdetermined cases. We specialize it to compressed sensing measurement matrices and express it in terms of the restricted isometry constant. For the special case of the SLGM given by the sparse signal in noise model, we derive closed-form expressions of the Barankin bound and of the corresponding locally minimum variance estimator. Finally, we compare our bound with the variance of several well-known estimators, namely, the maximum-likelihood estimator, the hard-thresholding estimator, and compressive reconstruction using orthogonal matching pursuit and approximate message passing.
Prepress‐solvent extraction of crambe: First commercial trial run of new oilseed (1965)

Abstract Commercial‐scale equipment was used to process experimentally 36 tons of Crambe abyssinica seed grown in the western part of the United States to obtain information on the processing of this new oilseed and to determine characteristics of the oil and meal products. The run was carried out for USDA at the Pacific Vegetable Oil Corporation plant at Sidney, Nebraska, February 1964. Process objectives in the study included dehulling, primary oil removal by expeller prepress, secondary oil removal by solvent extraction and control of thioglucosides to obtain good oil quality. A continuous plant operation yielded crude oils and toasted meal that will be compared with similar products from other commercial oilseed processes. Characteristics of the crude oils that have been determined are composition, refining losses and hydrogenation ability. Organoleptic data on the refined, bleached and deodorized oils have been obtained, as well as compositional data on the desolventized‐toasted meals. More than 13 tons of meal and 10 tons of oil were prepared.
Lipoprotein lipase expression level influences tissue clearance of chylomicron retinyl ester (1999)

Approximately 25% of postprandial retinoid is cleared from the circulation by extrahepatic tissues. Little is known about physiologic factors important to this uptake. We hypothesized that lipoprotein lipase (LpL) contributes to extrahepatic clearance of chylomicron vitamin A. To investigate this, [3H]retinyl ester-containing rat mesenteric chylomicrons were injected intravenously into induced mutant mice and nutritionally manipulated rats. The tissue sites of uptake of 3H label by wild type mice and LpL-null mice overexpressing human LpL in muscle indicate that LpL expression does influence accumulation of chylomicron retinoid. Skeletal muscle from mice overexpressing human LpL accumulated 1.7- to 2.4-fold more 3H label than wild type. Moreover, heart tissue from mice overexpresssing human LpL, but lacking mouse LpL, accumulated less than half of the 3H-label taken up by wild type heart. Fasting and heparin injection, two factors that increase LpL activity in skeletal muscle, increased uptake of chylomicron [3H] retinoid by rat skeletal muscle. Using [3H]retinyl palmitate and its non-hydrolyzable analog retinyl [14C]hexadecyl ether incorporated into Intralipid emulsions, the importance of retinyl ester hydrolysis in this process was assessed. We observed that 3H label was taken up to a greater extent than 14C label by rat skeletal muscle, suggesting that retinoid uptake requires hydrolysis. In summary, for each of our experiments, the level of lipoprotein lipase expression in skeletal muscle, heart, and/or adipose tissue influenced the amount of [3H]retinoid taken up from chylomicrons and/or their remnants.
Entwicklung der Faziesverteilung eines Riffkomplexes im Korallenoolith (Oberjura) des Osterwaldes (Niedersachsen) (2001)

The Hainholz quarry in the Osterwald hills of NW-Germany is the most impressive outcrop in the Lower Saxony Basin exposing Late Jurassic (Korallenoolith, Oxfordian) coral buildups. The Korallenoolith deposits in the quarry commence with a oolitic sequence about 20 m thick which is limited by a distinctive hardground at its top. This sequence is overlain by the so called “Obere Korallenbank”-Member about 13 m in thickness which is mainly build up by coral reef complexes. Throughout a lateral extend of about 400 m exposed in the quarry, the Obere Korallenbank Member shows numerous pillar-shaped reefal build ups which are flanked by a reefal debris limestone. The coral fauna of the in situ reefal bioconstructions comprises not less than 37 taxa most of which have been described from the Lower Saxony Basin for the first time. Probably, the pillar-shaped reefs formed a small positive relief of only a few dm against the debris deposits during deposition. The interreef debris limestones in the lower and middle part of the Obere Korallenbank Member show three intercalated biostromal coral layers. In the upper part of the member, the interreef facies is represented by a mikritic peloidal limestone rich in sponge remains and, unusual in such a depositional environment, ammonites (Dichotomo-sphinctes bifurcatoides, D. sp.). Additionaly, at the top of of the peloidal limestone a layer enriched in nerineids and other gastropods limits the reefal constructions of the Obere Korallenbank Member against the overlying “humeralis-Oolith” sequence. On the basis of the facies development of this depositional sequence the reef formation in relation to sealevel changes is discussed.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Menopause (2013)

A growing body of work supports the concept that menopause is a risk factor for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Compared to premenopausal women, the odds for developing OSA increases two- to threefold for postmenopausal women. The increased risk remains even after controlling for confounders including age, body habitus, and smoking. One reason for this association could be the lower levels of reproductive hormones among postmenopausal women and related endocrine changes. Several studies have examined the effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on sleep-disordered breathing. Although no clear-cut answer has emerged, it does appear that HRT may attenuate the risk of OSA in menopause. Apart from hormonal changes, the menopausal transition also results in changes in body fat redistribution, respiratory drive, ventilatory stability, and upper airway anatomy and physiology all of which could contribute to the elevated risk for OSA. This chapter summarizes the data on increased prevalence, clinical presentation, and potential mechanisms for the higher occurrence of OSA in menopause.
Acoustic Analysis of Loudspeakers Cavity Including Viscothermal Effects (2007)

The geometry of a loud speaker cavity often gets a complicated geometry with sharp corners and narrow ducts. For this kind of shape the internal energy losses caused by viscosity and thermal conduction play an important role in the acoustic behavior. Today there is no method that suﬃciently predict these eﬀects. In this report the analogy between the loudspeaker cavity, a simple mass and spring system and a Helmholtz’s resonator is very important. It shows that the damping at the eigen-frequencies corresponds to the acoustic impedance of the system. That was the reason that the aim of this master thesis was to create a ﬁnite element model of a loudspeaker cavity and with this calculate the acoustic impedance including the internal energy losses. The model was created by using a reliable approach of two equations. The ﬁrst one describes the acoustic pressure and the second one describes the thermal conduction. The two equations can be used separated except at the boundaries where they are connected by the boundary conditions. This ﬁnite element model yields results that are totally damped, meaning that the model is not working. A reason for that could be that the mesh is too coarse. Another reason could be that the energy dissipating parameter bulk viscosity is not correctly implemented. One thing that made it diﬃcult to implement was the lack of relevant values, another the fact that it seems to have diﬀerent deﬁnitions for diﬀerent kinds of applications.
Electron and hole transport in poly(p-phenylene vinylene) devices (1996)

The transport properties of electrons and holes in poly(dialkoxy-p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV) are investigated by current–voltage measurements using Ca as an electron and indium-tin-oxide as a hole injecting contact. Both the electron and hole currents are dominated by the bulk conduction properties of the PPV, in contrast to previous reports. The hole current is governed by bulk space-charge limited conductivity and a hole mobility of 0.5×10−6 cm2/V s is determined. The electron current is strongly reduced by the presence of traps with a total density of 1018 cm−3.
Masa: Responsive Multi-DNN Inference on the Edge (2021)

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are becoming the core components of many applications running on edge devices, especially for real time image-based analysis. Increasingly, multi-faced knowledge is extracted via executing multiple DNNs inference models, e.g., identifying objects, faces, and genders from images. The response times of multi-DNN highly affect users' quality of experience and safety as well. Different DNNs exhibit diversified resource requirements and execution patterns across layers and networks, which may easily exceed the available device memory and riskily degrade the responsiveness. In this paper, we design and implement Masa, a responsive memory-aware multi-DNN execution framework, an on-device middleware featuring on modeling inter- and intra-network dependency and leveraging complimentary memory usage of each layer. Masa can consistently ensure the average response time when deterministically and stochastically executing multiple DNN-based image analyses. We extensively evaluate Masa on three configurations of Raspberry Pi and a large set of popular DNN models triggered by different generation patterns of images. Our evaluation results show that Masa can achieve lower average response times by up to 90% on devices with small memory, i.e., 512 MB to 1 GB, compared to the state of the art multi-DNN scheduling solutions.
Folding and Characterization of a Bio-responsive Robot from DNA Origami (2015)

The DNA nanorobot is a hollow hexagonal nanometric device, designed to open in response to specific stimuli and present cargo sequestered inside. Both stimuli and cargo can be tailored according to specific needs. Here we describe the DNA nanorobot fabrication protocol, with the use of the DNA origami technique. The procedure initiates by mixing short single-strand DNA staples into a stock mixture which is then added to a long, circular, single-strand DNA scaffold in presence of a folding buffer. A standard thermo cycler is programmed to gradually lower the mixing reaction temperature to facilitate the staples-to-scaffold annealing, which is the guiding force behind the folding of the nanorobot. Once the 60 hr folding reaction is complete, excess staples are discarded using a centrifugal filter, followed by visualization via agarose-gel electrophoresis (AGE). Finally, successful fabrication of the nanorobot is verified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), with the use of uranyl-formate as negative stain.
Structure and electrical properties of Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3ferroelectric thick films derived from a polymer modified sol-gel method (2011)

Lead-free NaBi(0.5)TiO(3) (NBT) ferroelectric thick films were prepared by a poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) modified sol-gel method. The NBT thick films annealed from 500°C to 750°C exhibit a perovskite structure. The relationship between annealing temperature, thickness, and electrical properties of the thick films has been investigated. The dielectric constants and remnant polarizations of the thick films increase with annealing temperature. The electrical properties of the NBT films show strong thickness dependence. As thickness increases from 1.0 to 4.8 μm, the dielectric constant of the NBT films increases from 620 to 848, whereas the dielectric loss is nearly independent of the thickness. The remnant polarization of the NBT thick films also increases with increasing thickness. The leakage current density first decreases and then increases with film thickness.
Synthesis and characterisation of LixBC - hole doping does not induce superconductivity (2003)

The synthesis of LixBC (x &gt; 0.5) by high temperature Li deintercalation from LiBC is demonstrated by refinement of X-ray and neutron powder diffraction data - contrary to theoretical expectation no superconductivity above 2K is observed in these materials
Phenylbutyrate is a Multifaceted Drug that Exerts Neuroprotective Effects and Reverses the Alzheimer´s Disease-like Phenotype of a Commonly Used Mouse Model (2013)

4-Phenylbutyrate (PBA) is a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor whose efficacy in the Tg2576 mouse model of Alzheimer´s disease (AD) is correlated with decreased tau phosphorylation, clearance of intraneuronal Aβ and restoration of dendritic spine density in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. PBA is also a chemical chaperone that facilitates cell proteostasis. To determine the relative contributions of HDAC inhibition and chaperone-like activity in the anti-AD effects of PBA, we compared the effect of PBA with that of sodium butyrate (NaBu), an HDAC inhibitor with no chaperone activity. In neuronal cultures from Tg2576 mice, we observed a correlation between histone 3 acetylation and decreased p-tau levels. Moreover, we observed a decrease in the processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) in Tg2576 neurons treated with PBA, but not with NaBu. In Tg2576 mice administered PBA or NaBu for 3 weeks, only PBA normalized the pathological AD markers, implicating, at least in part, other mechanism as the chaperone-like activity in the reversal of the AD-like phenotype of Tg2576 mice. Furthermore, treatment with PBA but not NaBu prevented the neuronal loss in the hippocampus of hAPPWT-overexpressing mice, as was particularly evident in the CA1 layer. In addition to its activity as a HDAC inhibitor, the chaperone activity of PBA appears to at least partially, mediate its reversal of the AD phenotype in Tg2576 mice and its neuroprotective effect in a model of hippocampal neuronal loss.
From the Editor (2007)

The goal of provoking the immune system by vaccination to prevent or treat cancer has been the Holy Grail for oncologists for decades. Indeed, William Coley's vaccine — a mixture of killed bacterialspecies — was widely used therapeutically from 1893 through the1930's. Eventually replaced by cancer chemotherapy, there was enough evidence of activity that some investigations continued with the agent into the latter half of the 20th century.Numerous strategies in immunotherapy have followed that early one, with the goal of generating sufficient immunoreactivity against a tumor that rejection would follow. Indeed, some tumors such as melanoma and renal cell cancer have been show to be susceptible to immunotherapy, accompanied by long-term remission. Translating these responses to other tumor types, however, consistently generating immunotherapy responses in renal cancer and melanoma has eluded investigators. Although investigators are consistently able to generate immune responses, detectable in laboratory studies, this has not translated to tumor shrinkage. New understanding of the immune system has recognized that therapies designed to increase immune reactivity bring increased immune tolerance, as concurrent mechanisms emerge to abate the potential for excess reactivity.This issue of CCR Focus examines these barriers to successful immunotherapy, and discusses new therapeutic strategies aimed at overcoming them. Five articles address this topic, each from a different aspect of approaching barriers to explointing the immune response, in the treatment of cancer: Lizée and Hwu in the overview; Gajewski, reviewing negative regulatory pathways; Zang and Allison on programming the B-7 family of costimulators and coinhibitors, Wrzesinski et al., on avoiding the immunosuppressive activity of TGFβ, and Paulos et al. on enhancing toll-like receptor signaling. For the non-immunologist, these articles brilliantly highlight the approaches currently underway to finally add immunotherapy to the clinical armamentarium.
Effect of Sheet Morphology on the Scalability of Graphene-Based Ultracapacitors (2013)

Graphene is considered a promising ultracapacitor material toward high power and energy density because of its high conductivity and high surface area without pore tortuosity. However, the two-dimensional (2D) sheets tend to aggregate during the electrode fabrication process and align perpendicular to the flow direction of electrons and ions, which can reduce the available surface area and limit the electron and ion transport. This makes it hard to achieve scalable device performance as the loading level of the active material increases. Here, we report a strategy to solve these problems by transforming the 2D graphene sheet into a crumpled paper ball structure. Compared to flat or wrinkled sheets, the crumpled graphene balls can deliver much higher specific capacitance and better rate performance. More importantly, devices made with crumpled graphene balls are significantly less dependent on the electrode mass loading. Performance of graphene-based ultracapacitors can be further enhanced by using flat graphene sheets as the binder for the crumpled graphene balls, thus eliminating the need for less active binder materials.
Chemical relaxation studies of micellar equilibriums (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemical relaxation studies of micellar equilibriumsJ. Lang, C. Tondre, R. Zana, R. Bauer, H. Hoffmann, and W. UlbrichtCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1975, 79, 3, 276–283Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100570a017https://doi.org/10.1021/j100570a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views326Altmetric-Citations137LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: THE SYNTHESIS OF DIETHYL 2,6‐DIOXOAZULENE‐1,3‐DICARBOXYLATE, A DERIVATIVE OF 2,6‐AZULENEDIONE (2,6‐AZULENOQUINONE) (1978)

Abstract Das aus dem Diazoazulen (I) durch photochemische Zersetzung in Essigsäure und anschließende Hydrolyse gewonnene Dihydroxyazulen (III) gibt bei der Oxidation mit Dichlordicyanchinon (DDQ) nicht das Azulenchinon, sondern ein Dimeres (IV).
Quantifying the Ion Selectivity of the Ca2+ Site in Photosystem II:  Evidence for Direct Involvement of Ca2+ in O2 Formation (2002)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionQuantifying the Ion Selectivity of the Ca2+ Site in Photosystem II: Evidence for Direct Involvement of Ca2+ in O2 FormationJohn S. Vrettos, Daniel A. Stone, and Gary W. BrudvigCite this: Biochemistry 2003, 42, 3, 848Publication Date (Web):December 24, 2002Publication History Published online24 December 2002Published inissue 1 January 2003https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi027353qhttps://doi.org/10.1021/bi027353qcorrectionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2003 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views301Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (8 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
1 GHz Waveform Synthesis With Josephson Junction Arrays (2019)

We synthesize single- and multiple-tone waveforms at gigahertz frequencies from arrays of Josephson junctions and demonstrate their quantum-locked operation over a range of experimental input parameters. We first use a lumped-element circuit to synthesize 1 and 2 GHz single-tone waveforms with -71 dBm output power and in-band spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) of -66 dBc. We then introduce a narrow-band diplexer circuit and synthesize a 1 GHz sinusoid with higher power (-49 dBm) and in-band SFDR of -79 dBc. To demonstrate the spectrally selective power- and phase-programmability of the diplexer circuit, we also synthesize multisine waveforms with total waveform power of -51 dBm. The spectral purity of the reported waveforms is limited by the room-temperature electronics rather than by the quantized pulse-based synthesis technique. This article provides direction for future circuit designs and uncovers the main factors that must be addressed to achieve higher power, higher spectral purity, and improved output power accuracy. The reported results represent significant progress towards a JAWS-based primary RF reference source that synthesizes programmable, quantum-referenced, low-distortion signals at gigahertz frequencies.