gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effect of pH on the Functionalization of Nylon Fabric with Carbon Nanotubes (2012)

Single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were dispersed in water and attached to nylon fabrics by a dip-drying procedure; scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy suggest the attachment of the SWCNTs. The electrical resistance of the functionalized fabrics is found to be pH-dependent, which is correlated with the quantity of SWCNTs dispersed in water at different values of pH. This can be further ascribed to the influence of the pK(a) of the acid (e.g., acetic acid in this study) used to tune pH. The acid may affect the dispersion of SWCNTs through two different mechanisms: (1) the free protons may protonate the amine and/or sulfonate group in the dye molecules, resulting in a variety of interactions among the dye molecules, SWCNTs and water molecules and (2) the resulting ions may increase the ionic strength of the solution, compressing the electric double layers of SWCNT colloids and thus impairing their stability. The former possibility is ruled out by data obtained using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and ultraviolet-visible-near infrared spectroscopy; thus the latter is proposed to account for the experimental results. The colour strength of the functionalized fabrics increases with increasing pH, which is in agreement with their measured electrical properties.
Laser heterodyne interferometric measurement of the microwave frequency acoustic properties of liquids (1988)

The acoustic properties of liquids are being studied at microwave frequencies. While the dielectric properties of liquids at microwave frequencies have received great attention, the acoustic properties are harder to measure because of the extremely high acoustic attenuation observed in all liquids. This work applies a Bragg scattering technique over the 0.2–1.5-GHz frequency range and is used to supplement dielectric measurements being made over a greater frequency range. These measurements are being made to study relaxation phenomena and internal modes of biopolymers in the microwave region.
SIM-D: An Agent-Based Simulator for Modeling Contagion in Population (2020)

The spread of infectious diseases such as COVID-19, flu influenza, malaria, dengue, mumps, and rubella in a population is a big threat to public health. The infectious diseases spread from one person to another person through close contact. Without proper planning, an infectious disease can become an epidemic and can result in large human and financial losses. To better respond to the spread of infectious disease and take measures for its control, the public health authorities need models and simulations to study the spread of such diseases. In this paper, an agent-based simulation engine is presented that models the spread of infectious diseases in the population. The simulation takes as an input the human-to-human interactions, population dynamics, disease transmissibility and disease states and shows the spread of disease over time. The simulation engine supports non-pharmaceutical interventions and shows its impact on the disease spread across locations. A unique feature of this tool is that it is generic; therefore, it can simulate a wide variety of infectious disease models (SIR), susceptible-infectious-susceptible (SIS) and susceptible-infectious (SI). The proposed simulation engine will help the policy-makers and public health authorities study the behavior of disease spreading; thus, allowing for better planning.
Synchronized human diploid fibroblasts: Progression capabilities of a subpopulation that fails to keep pace with the predominant, rapidly dividing cohort of cells (1989)

Highly synchronized cultures of HSF-55 human diploid fibroblasts contain subpopulations of cells with intact plasma membranes that do not participate in the parasynchronous division wave. To determine the fate of these laggard cells, cultures were incubated with BrdU for variable periods to label newly replicated DNA in both the readily synchronizable and nonsynchronizable subpopulations. The kinetics of labeling with BrdU were determined with a two-laser flow cytometric technique that did not employ antibody to BrdU, but instead monitored emission of fluorescence from DNA-specific stains that differed in the degree of BrdU-induced quenching of their fluorescence signals. Approximately 90% of the cells rapidly incorporated BrdU and later divided within a 3 hr period. The remaining 10% of the cells, however, were found to reside within a minority subpopulation that maintained the capacity to traverse the cell cycle, but at a greatly reduced rate relative to the progression capacity of the majority of cells. Cells were viably sorted from these cohorts within the synchronized culture, and their kinetic behavior was determined through direct measurement of their growth rates and plating efficiencies. As predicted by the BrdU labeling studies, the sorted cells from the minority, slowly traversing subpopulation divided at a rate that was 30 to 50% lower than that obtained with cells sorted from the readily synchronizable subpopulation. From consideration of the kinetics of entry into S-phase of the majority and minority subpopulations, protocols are described that should allow preparation of relatively pure populations of both early- and late-replicating species of human DNA.
Microgravity measurement of the Soret effect in a molten salts mixture (1997)

We have performed the first measurement of the Soret effect in a molten salt mixture under microgravity conditions during two different flights (D1 and D2) of the spacelab. After justifying our selection of the molten salt used (AgI/KI) and a description of the microgravity facility, we give the results of a three-dimensional simulation of combined convection phenomena and thermal diffusion effects. This simulation verifies the feasibility of the experiment and aids selection of the various geometric and physical parameters of the experiment.
Hyperbranched polyglycerols: recent advances in synthesis, biocompatibility and biomedical applications (2017)

In the pursuit of dendrimer alternatives, hyperbranched polymers have found increasing interest from academia and industry in a broad range of fields due to their topological and synthetic advantages. Hyperbranched polyglycerol (HPG), as the name implies, is a hyperbranched polymer with about 50-65% dendrimeric structure. Due to its ease in synthesis, globular nature, versatility in terms of functionalization, and superb biocompatibility profiles HPG provides a promising class of materials suitable for numerous applications in nanomedicine and biomedical technologies. The structural features of HPG can be easily tailored by adopting different synthetic methodologies. In this review, we briefly explore the synthesis of HPGs starting from the traditional Lewis acid based approaches to recent advances including the development of high MW HPGs, biodegradable HPGs, co-block HPGs and sustainable or 'green' HPG synthesis. The robust history of HPG biocompatibility is extensively reviewed giving examples of both in vitro and in vivo models. In particular, HPG showed very minimal polymer accumulation in vital organs after intravenous injection compared to other polymers widely used for various biomedical applications. HPG is well tolerated in mice and rats, and has been found to be non-immunogenic to date. Due to its demonstrated safety profile and multifunctionality, HPG has been extensively studied for different biomedical applications including as macromolecular therapeutics, multivalent inhibitors/scavengers, in controlled drug delivery systems, in organ preservation, dialysis and cell surface engineering, as imaging agents and theranostics, in the development of anti-fouling surfaces and proteomics reagents. We highlight these applications along with its advantages. Finally, we conclude by providing a future prospective of HPG as one of the promising PEG alternatives with a great potential to enter clinical trials in the near future.
SUBJECTIVE VISUAL SENSATIONS (1936)

Having been subject to distressing subjective visual sensations during the greater part of my life at intervals varying from three or four days to a month or even longer, I think it is worth while to describe them in detail. I have made numerous notes from time to time and have recorded the effects of various remedies which I have tried in order to obtain relief. Unfortunately I have had no opportunity of consulting the various books and medical journals, as there is no medical library in Durban, where I reside. However, as I have taken a large number of notes at the time of the attacks, a report may be of some interest and value. The sensations always take the form of what is commonly called fortification spectra or teichopsia and have never in my case been accompanied with migraine or sick headache. Moreover I have never had
Dynamic vulcanization of PP/PEPDM blends: effect of crosslinking degree on properties of TPV (1998)

Thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPV) contain finely dispersed micron-size crosslinked rubber particles in a thermoplastic matrix. This occurs by additional breakdown of rubber induced by dynamic vulcanization during its melt-mixing with thermoplastic component. Rubber is thus turned into the dispersed inner phase. The effect of crosslinking in PP/ EPDM TPV on the dynamic properties is shown at various temperatures above the melting point, strain amplitudes and frequencies. These properties also provide means for assessment of the melt morphology. Heterogeneity of the system, affecting molecular dynamics, is explored by the ESR spin probe method.
Fabrication of a Sensitive Impedance Biosensor of DNA Hybridization Based on Gold Nanoparticles Modified Gold Electrode (2008)

Abstract In this work, we report on the preparation of a simple, sensitive DNA impedance sensor. Firstly gold nanoparticles were electrodeposited on the surface of a gold electrode, and then probe DNA was immobilized on the surface of gold nanoparticles through a 5′‐thiol‐linker. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to investigate probe DNA immobilization and hybridization. Compared to the bare gold electrode, the gold nanoparticles modified electrode could improve the density of probe DNA attachment and the sensitivity of DNA sensor greatly. The difference of electron transfer resistance (Δ R et ) was linear with the logarithm of complementary oligonucleotides sequence concentrations in the range of 2.0×10 −12 to 9.0×10 −8 M, and the detection limit was 6.7×10 −13 M. In addition, the DNA sensor showed a fairly good reproducibility and stability during repeated regeneration and hybridization cycles.
Sex hormones, the menopause and urinary problems (1995)

To date, there have been few appropriate placebo-controlled studies using both subjective and objective parameters to assess the efficacy of estrogen therapy for the treatment of urinary incontinence. Further confusion arises from the heterogeneity of different study protocols. Consequently, the best treatment in terms of type and dose of estrogen and route of administration is unknown. From these studies, however, there is clear evidence to suggest that recurrent urinary tract infection can be prevented or even treated by the use of estrogen therapy. Furthermore, systemic estrogen replacement appears to alleviate the symptoms of urgency, urge incontinence, frequency, nocturia and dysuria, and low-dose topical estrogen is effective in the management of atrophic vaginitis. Although the latter example appears to be free from side-effects, even following prolonged administration, it is unclear whether low-dose therapy has a sufficient effect on the lower urinary tract to treat urinary incontinence. There is no conclusive evidence that estrogen replacement alone is sufficient to cure stress incontinence, but in combination with an alpha-adrenergic agonist there may be a role for estrogen therapy in the conservative management of genuine stress incontinence. On the other hand, estrogen supplementation definitely improves the quality of life of many postmenopausal women and, therefore, makes them better able to cope with other disabilities. Perhaps the role of estrogen in the management of postmenopausal urinary disorders is as an adjunct to other methods of treatment such as surgery, physiotherapy and drugs. This is certainly a hypothesis which should be tested.
Control-oriented modeling of hydrostatic power-split CVTs using Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy models (2011)

Power-split continuously variable transmissions (CVTs) represent a promising technology to improve the fuel economy of high-power off-road vehicles such as construction and agricultural machines. There are capable of keeping the combustion engine running within the optimal range in terms of fuel economy and performance. Power-split CVTs are a very specific type of CVT because this kind of transmissions are characterized by the combination of a traditional mechanical transmission and a continuously-variable transmission. A CVT powersplit design for high-power vehicles combines the advantages of pure hydrostatic drives at low speeds with the high efficiency of power split drives at higher speeds. In this paper, a general control-oriented modeling approach based on Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy models for the design of fuzzy observers for sensor-fault detection in power-split continuously CVTs is developed. It has been shown by simulation studies and experimental results that this approach can be used to reconstruct a selection of measurable values such as the hydrostatic pressure under varying load conditions and switched transmission modes.
Rapid Protein Kinase D Translocation in Response to G Protein-coupled Receptor Activation (2001)

Protein kinase D (PKD)/protein kinase C (PKC) mu is a serine/threonine protein kinase that can be activated by physiological stimuli like growth factors, antigen-receptor engagement and G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) agonists via a phosphorylation-dependent mechanism that requires PKC activity. In order to investigate the dynamic mechanisms associated with GPCR signaling, the intracellular translocation of a green fluorescent protein-tagged PKD was analyzed by real-time visualization in fibroblasts and epithelial cells stimulated with bombesin, a GPCR agonist. We found that bombesin induced a rapidly reversible plasma membrane translocation of green fluorescent protein-tagged PKD, an event that can be divided into two distinct mechanistic steps. The first step, which is exclusively mediated by the cysteine-rich domain in the N terminus of PKD, involved its translocation from the cytosol to the plasma membrane. The second step, i.e. the rapid reverse translocation of PKD from the plasma membrane to the cytosol, required its catalytic domain and surprisingly PKC activity. These findings provide evidence for a novel mechanism by which PKC coordinates the translocation and activation of PKD in response to bombesin-induced GPCR activation.
Low-Voltage Analog Circuit Techniques Using Bias-Current Re-Utilization, Self-Biasing and Signal Superposition (2006)

Techniques of bias-current re-utilization, self-biasing and signal superposition for low-voltage analog circuit designs are presented in this paper. When these techniques are adopted in a three-stage active-feedback compensated amplifier by using a self-cascode common-gate structure, the circuit complexity of the amplifier is simplified. In addition, the power consumption, parasitic capacitance and systematic offset voltage of the amplifier can be greatly reduced. The effectiveness of the proposed design methodologies is verified by remarkable HSPICE simulation results.
Über Methacryloyl‐ bzw. Acryloyl‐dicyandiamid und einige s‐Triazin‐Derivate (1966)

Abstract Durch partielle Hydrolyse von Methacryloyl‐ bzw. Acryloyl‐dicyandiamid ( 1a bzw. 1b ), die aus Dicyandiamid und dem entsprechenden Säurechlorid im alkalischen Medium darstellbar sind, erhält man [Methacryloyl‐guanyl]‐ bzw. [Acryloyl‐guanyl]‐harnstoff ( 2a bzw. 2b ). 2a cyclisiert in der Hitze unter H 2 O‐Abspaltung zu 6‐Amino‐4‐hydroxy‐2‐isopropenyl‐1.3.5‐triazin ( 3 ). — Aus Tetramethylen‐di‐biguanid‐ bzw. Hexamethylen‐di‐biguanid‐dihydrochlorid ( 4a bzw. 4b ), die bei der Umsetzung von Dicyandiamid mit dem betreffenden Polymethylendiamin‐dihydrochlorid entstehen, werden mit Methacrylsäurechlorid in Natronlauge und Aceton das zweifach ungesättigte N.N ′‐Bis‐[6‐amino‐4‐isopropenyl‐1.3.5‐triazinyl‐(2)]‐tetramethylendiamin bzw. ‐hexamethylendiamin ( 5a bzw. 5b ) gebildet.
Spectrum of CFTR mutations in Argentine cystic fibrosis patients (1997)

The identification of different mutations which cause cystic fibrosis (CF) in Argentine patients has been performed. Initially, 10 of the most commonly mutated loci in 228 independent chromosomes were analyzed. Each allele was detected by PCR amplification of DNA samples either directly on polyacrylamide gels, by restriction enzyme digestion and agarose gels electrophoresis, or by hybridization with allele specific oligonucleotides. The delta F508 mutation was found in 57% of the alleles. The frequencies of the other CF mutations were as follows: G542X 3.9%, W1282X 3.1%, N1303K 1.7%, 1717 1-G-->A 0.9%, R553X 0.4%, R1162X 0.4%, whereas G551D, delta I507 and S549N were not found. This direct mutation analysis enabled the detection of 155/228 CF alleles (67%). Of the remaining 73 unidentified CF alleles, 22 were investigated for the 27 exons by DGGE and 9 rare mutations were identified. The incidence of the main CF mutations analyzed was similar to that of the South European population and markedly different from other Latin American countries. The mutation data presented here may be useful for designing DNA testing strategies for CF in Argentina.
Fifty-Four Emergent Cricothyroidotomies: Are Surgeons Reluctant Teachers? (2012)

1. Pre-hospital cricothyroidotomy results in serious complications. 2. Despite the ubiquitous presence of emergency medicine physicians in the ED, all crico-thyroidotomies were performed by a surgeon, which may represent a serious emergency medicine training deficiency.
Involvement of aquaporin-4 in astroglial cell migration and glial scar formation (2005)

Aquaporin-4, the major water-selective channel in astroglia throughout the central nervous system, facilitates water movement into and out of the brain. Here, we identify a novel role for aquaporin-4 in astroglial cell migration, as occurs during glial scar formation. Astroglia cultured from the neocortex of aquaporin-4-null mice had similar morphology, proliferation and adhesion, but markedly impaired migration determined by Transwell migration efficiency (18+/-2 vs 58+/-4% of cells migrated towards 10% serum in 8 hours; P<0.001) and wound healing rate (4.6 vs 7.0 microm/hour speed of wound edge; P<0.001) compared with wild-type mice. Transwell migration was similarly impaired (25+/-4% migrated cells) in wild-type astroglia after approximately 90% reduction in aquaporin-4 protein expression by RNA inhibition. Aquaporin-4 was polarized to the leading edge of the plasma membrane in migrating wild-type astroglia, where rapid shape changes were seen by video microscopy. Astroglial cell migration was enhanced by a small extracellular osmotic gradient, suggesting that aquaporin-4 facilitates water influx across the leading edge of a migrating cell. In an in vivo model of reactive gliosis and astroglial cell migration produced by cortical stab injury, glial scar formation was remarkably impaired in aquaporin-4-null mice, with reduced migration of reactive astroglia towards the site of injury. Our findings provide evidence for the involvement of aquaporin-4 in astroglial cell migration, which occurs during glial scar formation in brain injury, stroke, tumor and focal abscess.
Feasibility of mapping unidirectional Pi‐to‐ATP fluxes in muscles of the lower leg at 7.0 Tesla (2014)

Our results suggest that mapping the kinetics and unidirectional fluxes from Pi-to-ATP in both the anterior and posterior muscles of the lower leg is feasible at ultra-high field and may provide useful insights for the study of insulin resistance, diabetes and aging. Magn Reson Med 74:225-230, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Relationships between depth-resolved primary radiation damage, irradiation-induced nanostructure and nanoindentation response of ion-irradiated Fe-Cr and ODS Fe-Cr alloys (2020)

Ion irradiations are indispensable for exploring radiation effects on materials, for example, radiation hardening. However, the extraction of radiation hardening as function of displacement damage from the nanoindentation (NI) response of self-ion-irradiated metallic alloys is a challenge. In particular, recent attempts suffer from interference with contributions arising from injected self-interstitial atoms. Moreover, instances of available microstructural evidence and NI results reported for the same material and same irradiation are rare. In order to tackle these issues, the depth-dependent irradiated microstructure and the NI response were analyzed for Fe-9Cr and oxide dispersion strengthened Fe-Cr alloys irradiated with 5 MeV iron ions. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy indicated the appearance of irradiation-induced dislocation loops but no other types of visible microstructural changes. NI indicated maxima of the radiation hardening as function of contact depth. Links between the depth-resolved primary radiation damage, the observed depth-dependent characteristics of loops and the measured hardening are considered. As a key point, the link between loops and hardening requires the integration of the local hardening contributions over the indentation plastic zone. Calculations and measurements are compared with respect to both the depth position of maximum hardening and the substrate effect. The role of the model assumptions is discussed with special emphasis on the plastic zone size and the superposition of hardening contributions. The latter is found to be material-specific. The model also allows hardening contributions arising from displacement damage and injected interstitials to be separated.
A Novel Polymer for a 193-nm Resist. (1996)

A novel methacrylate polymer for a 193-nm resist has been developed. The goal was to enhance the adhesion to Si substrates while ensuring compatibility with a TMAH developer for our methacrylate-based resist. We used two acid-cleavable compounds for the carboxylic acid protective groups: mevalonic lactone and 2-methyl-2-adamantanol. The strong hydrophilicity of mevalonic lactone ester affords good adhesion of the formulated resist patterns to Si substrates. Alicyclic 2-methyl-2-adamantanol provides dry-etch resistance. The acid-catalyzed deprotection of both protective groups generate a large polarity change in the exposed region of the resist films. This allows for high-contrast patterning with high sensitivity using a 2.38% TMAH developer. Using an ArF excimer laser exposure system, 0.17-μm L/S patterns have been resolved.
Speicherhierarchie-Entwurf (1994)

Die Rechnerpioniere haben richtig vorausgesagt, daß die Programmierer einen unbegrenzten Bedarf an schnellem Speicherplatz haben. Wie die 90/10-Regel aus dem ersten Kapitel besagt, greifen die meisten Programme auf den größten Teil von Code und Daten nicht gleichmäßig zu (siehe Abschnitt 1.3, Seite 8–12). Die 90/10-Regel kann auch als Prinzip der Lokalität bezeichnet werden. Diese Hypothese, die besagt, daß Programme einen Teil ihres Adreßraumes häufiger nutzen, hat zwei Seiten:
Construction of a Novel Chemical Model for the Nerve Transmission System Using Self-Oscillating Multi-Phases Liquid Membrane System (1997)

Abstract A novel multi-phases liquid membrane system, which has two aqueous phases with surfactant, is found to exhibit a synchronisation of the oscillation. Detailed investigation revealed the resemblance of the system with the nerve transmission system.