gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Volumetric calibration of a plenoptic camera (2018)

The volumetric calibration of a plenoptic camera is explored to correct for inaccuracies due to real-world lens distortions and thin-lens assumptions in current processing methods. Two methods of volumetric calibration based on a polynomial mapping function that does not require knowledge of specific lens parameters are presented and compared to a calibration based on thin-lens assumptions. The first method, volumetric dewarping, is executed by creation of a volumetric representation of a scene using the thin-lens assumptions, which is then corrected in post-processing using a polynomial mapping function. The second method, direct light-field calibration, uses the polynomial mapping in creation of the initial volumetric representation to relate locations in object space directly to image sensor locations. The accuracy and feasibility of these methods is examined experimentally by capturing images of a known dot card at a variety of depths. Results suggest that use of a 3D polynomial mapping function provides a significant increase in reconstruction accuracy and that the achievable accuracy is similar using either polynomial-mapping-based method. Additionally, direct light-field calibration provides significant computational benefits by eliminating some intermediate processing steps found in other methods. Finally, the flexibility of this method is shown for a nonplanar calibration.
Energy Spectrum of Protons Emitted from a Fast-Neutron-Irradiated Hydrogenous Material (1960)

A derivation is given of an empirical formula for the energy spectrum of protons leaving the surface of a fastneutron-irradiated hydrogenous material, as a function of material constants and the incident neutron spectrum. The result derived is general and includes as a special case the well-known formula by Moyer for total number of protons. A computation is given for the proton spectrum from Plexiglas as a result of Watt spectrum neutron irradiation and as a result of monoenergetic neutron irradiation. (auth)
Computation of personalized functional networks using self-supervised deep learning (Conference Presentation) (2022)

A novel self-supervised deep learning (DL) method is developed to compute personalized brain functional networks (FNs) for characterizing brain functional neuroanatomy based on functional MRI (fMRI). Specifically, a DL model of convolutional neural networks with an encoder-decoder architecture is developed to compute personalized FNs directly from fMRI data. The DL model is trained to optimize functional homogeneity of the personalized FNs without utilizing any external supervision in an end-to-end fashion. We demonstrate that a DL model trained on fMRI scans from the Human Connectome Project can identify personalized FNs and generalizes well across four different datasets. We further demonstrate that the identified personalized FNs are informative for predicting individual differences in behavior, brain development, and schizophrenia status. Taken together, the self-supervised DL facilities rapid, generalizable computation of personalized FNs.
Lactate Reverses Insulin-Induced Hypoglycemic Stupor in Suckling—Weanling Mice: Biochemical Correlates in Blood, Liver, and Brain (1983)

The recovery of weanling mice from insulin-induced hypoglycemic stupor-coma after injection of sodium -L(+)-lactate (18 mmol/kg) was as rapid (10 min) as in litter-mates treated with glucose (9 mmol/kg). Stimulated by this dramatic action, we studied the effects of lactate injection on brain carbohydrate and energy metabolism in normal and hypoglycemic mice; blood and liver tissue were also studied. Ten minutes after lactate injection in normal mice, plasma lactate levels increased by 15 mmol/L; plasma glucose levels were unchanged, but the beta-hydroxybutyrate concentration fell 59%. In the brains of these animals, glucose levels increased 2.3-fold, and there were significant increases in brain glycogen (10%), glucose-6-phosphate (27%), lactate (68%), pyruvate (37%), citrate (12%), and malate (19%); the increase in alpha-ketoglutarate (32%) was not significant. Lactate injection reduced the cerebral glucose-use rate 40%. These changes were not due to lactate-induced increases in blood [HCO-3] and pH (examined by injection of 15 mmol/kg sodium bicarbonate). Although lactate injection of hypoglycemic mice doubled levels of glucose in plasma and brain (not significant) and most of the cerebral glycolytic intermediates, values were far below normal (still in the range seen in hypoglycemic animals). By contrast, citrate and alpha-ketoglutarate levels returned to normal; the large increase in malate was not significant. Reduced glutamate levels increased to normal, and elevated aspartate levels fell below normal. Thus, recovery from hypoglycemic stupor does not necessarily depend on normal levels of plasma and/or brain glucose (or glycolytic intermediates).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Environmental history and geophysical investigation of the Nagy-sziget, Rácalmás, Hungary (2023)

The interplay of the hydrology of a great river and tectonics in floodplain setting is always a challenging research topic. The evolution of the river course, development of islands, oxbow lakes, changing channel sinuosity can be evaluated as signals of these two processes. In our study area, we seek to explain the evolutionary history of the Nagy-sziget, R&amp;#225;calm&amp;#225;s, Hungary by using a multidisciplinary approach. We integrate field observations, evaluation of historic maps, and results of our own geophysical measurements in order to reconstruct the environmental history of this island of the river Danube. The investigated island is located south of Budapest, in the southern corner of Csepel Island, where the Soroks&amp;#225;ri-Danube branch joins the main branch. The area is particularly interesting in geodynamic sense, as the region is crossed by the Mid-Hungarian Mobile Belt at the confluence of the R&amp;#225;ckeve (Soroks&amp;#225;ri) Danube branch close to the northern part of the island. During the field campaign we observed characteristic micro relief structures in the field that have been integrated with landforms indicated on historical maps. Furthermore, we wanted to know how these topographical patterns continue below the surface, therefore geoelectric measurements were carried out. We conclude that the area of the island started to grow very rapidly after the river regulations. Our geoelectrical tomography and electromagnetic measurements showed that, despite the very low relief, the subsurface geology is reflected in microtopography. Based on these results various scenarios for the formation of the island have been put forward; a final scenario will emerge from our planned measurements. We concluded that the evolution of the Nagy-sziget may have had tectonic, landsliding, sedimentary and flood-related components, which are specific to different regions. With the integrated results of the geoelectric and electromagnetic measurements and the study of historical maps, we managed to reconstruct the growth of the island in unprecedented detail over the past 250 years and we can formulate some implications to a certain extent for periods before written documents.
Noise Reduction Using Neural Lateral Inhibition for Speech Enhancement (2021)

Recurrent spiking neurons with lateral inhibition connection play a vital role in human's brain functional abilities. In this paper, we propose a novel noise reduction method that is based on neuron rate coding and bio-inspired spiking neural network architecture. The excitatory-inhibitory topology in the network acts as the temporal characteristic synchrony and coincidence detector that removes uncorrelated noisy spikes. A LIF source encoder is introduced along with the network. The network uses generated binary Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT) masks according to the rate of processed spike train, which is used to reconstruct the denoised speech signal. The technique is evaluated on noisy speech samples with 5 types of real-world additive noise with different noise strength.
Chemical Induction of Male Sterility in Rice (1979)

The investigation aimed at studying the usefulness of ethrel as a selective gametocide in rice was carried out in three high yielding varieties under pot culture and field conditions. The results indicated that a spray of 6000-8000 ppm of ethrel one week earlier to boot leaf stage or two sprays with 4000-6000 ppm, one week earlier to boot leaf stage and the other at boot leaf stage was very effective in inducing as much as 90 per cent pollen sterility. For successful use of ethrel in commercial hybrid seed programme of self-pollinated crops the urgent need for research efforts towards the development of efficient treatment techniques that would ensure total but selective pollen sterility, has been discussed.
A two-dimensional cold atmospheric plasma jet array for uniform treatment of large-area surfaces for plasma medicine (2009)

This article was published in the journal, New Journal of Physics, [© IOP Publishing Ltd and Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft] and is also available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/11/11/115015
Unraveling the complexities of the HDL lipidome (2013)

Plasma high density lipoproteins (HDL) are small, dense, protein-rich particles compared with other lipoprotein classes; roughly half of total HDL mass is accounted for by lipid components. Phospholipids predominate in the HDL lipidome, accounting for 40-60% of total lipid, with lesser proportions of cholesteryl esters (30-40%), triglycerides (5-12%), and free cholesterol (5-10%). Lipidomic approaches have provided initial insights into the HDL lipidome with identification of over 200 individual molecular lipids species in normolipidemic HDL. Plasma HDL particles, however, reveal high levels of structural, compositional, and functional heterogeneity. Establishing direct relationships between HDL structure, composition, and atheroprotective functions bears the potential to identify clinically relevant HDL subpopulations. Furthermore, development of HDL-based therapies designed to target beneficial subspecies within the circulating HDL pool can be facilitated using this approach. HDL lipidomics can equally contribute to the identification of biomarkers of both normal and deficient HDL functionality, which may prove useful as biomarkers of cardiovascular risk. However, numerous technical issues remain to be addressed in order to make such developments possible. With all technical questions resolved, quantitative analysis of the molecular components of the HDL lipidome will contribute to expand our knowledge of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.
BSFP: Blockchain-Enabled Smart Parking With Fairness, Reliability and Privacy Protection (2020)

The convenience of using private cars has an accompanying parking challenge which becomes a significant issue in congested metropolitans and downtown areas. The explosive increase in the number of vehicles has substantially raised the issue of finding a suitable parking spot, which is both time and resource consuming. At the same time, many private parking spots remain idle, while their owners are not present at home. To promote the utility of private parking spots and mitigate parking issues, smart parking apps can be used. Unfortunately, some of them suffer from privacy issues that affect participation willingness, while others work in a centralized environment where the availability of service is not guaranteed in the presence of malicious users. In this work, we propose Blockchain-based Smart parking with Fairness, reliability and Privacy protection, called BSFP. Specifically, group signatures, bloom filters, and vector-based encryption are leveraged to protect the user's privacy. The decentralized nature of blockchain is utilized to achieve reliability in smart parking, and the smart contract is used to realize fairness. Comprehensive security analysis and experimental results based on the real-world dataset show that BSFP achieves fairness, reliability and privacy protection with high efficiency.
Table S1-S3 from Multiregional Sequencing Reveals Genomic Alterations and Clonal Dynamics in Primary Malignant Melanoma of the Esophagus (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Table S1: SNV list Table S2: Indel list Table S3: Mutaion frequency of TCGA sample&lt;/p&gt;
Selective augmentation by recombinant interferon-gamma of the intracellular content of S-adenosylmethionine in murine macrophages. (1986)

Treatment of mouse peritoneal macrophages with IFN-gamma augmented the intracellular content of S-adenosylmethionine, as measured by quantitative high-performance liquid chromatography. Accumulation of S-adenosylhomocysteine, a competitive product of S-adenosylmethionine, was not detectable, either by direct measurement of absorbance or by radioisotopic techniques in IFN-gamma-treated macrophages. However, accumulation of S-adenosylhomocysteine was observed after treatment of macrophages with known inhibitors of S-adenosylhomocysteine catabolism. No inhibition of phospholipid methylation was observed upon IFN-gamma treatment, indicating that no reduction of the S-adenosylmethionine to S-adenosylhomocysteine ratio is induced by IFN-gamma in murine macrophages. The increased content of S-adenosylmethionine was associated with the acquisition of tumoricidal activity by macrophages upon IFN-gamma treatment. LPS also augmented the cellular content of S-adenosylmethionine and activated macrophages to become cytotoxic, suggesting a common mechanism of action for IFN-gamma and LPS in macrophage activation. Treatment of macrophages with cycloleucine, an agent that induces depletion of cellular S-adenosylmethionine, made the macrophages refractory to induction of cytolytic activity by IFN-gamma, suggesting a critical role for S-adenosylmethionine in macrophage activation.
Genetic Reporter System for Positioning of Proteins at the Bacterial Pole (2012)

Many proteins localize to specific sites within bacterial cells, and localization to these sites is frequently critical to proper protein function. The mechanisms that underlie protein localization are incompletely understood, in part because of the paucity of methods that allow saturation screening for mutants in which protein localization is altered. We developed a genetic reporter assay that enables screening of bacterial populations for changes in localization of proteins to the bacterial pole, and we demonstrate the utility of the system in identifying factors required for proper localization of the polar Shigella autotransporter protein IcsA. Using this method, we identify the conserved cell division protein FtsQ as being required for positioning of IcsA to the bacterial pole. We demonstrate further that the requirement for FtsQ for polar positioning applies to other autotransporters and that the method can be applied to polar proteins other than autotransporters.
Experimental aspects of buoyancy correction in measuring reliable high-pressure excess adsorption isotherms using the gravimetric method (2017)

Addressing reproducibility issues in adsorption measurements is critical to accelerating the path to discovery of new industrial adsorbents and to understanding adsorption processes. A National Institute of Standards and Technology Reference Material, RM 8852 (ammonium ZSM-5 zeolite), and two gravimetric instruments with asymmetric two-beam balances were used to measure high-pressure adsorption isotherms. This work demonstrates how common approaches to buoyancy correction, a key factor in obtaining the mass change due to surface excess gas uptake from the apparent mass change, can impact the adsorption isotherm data. Three different approaches to buoyancy correction were investigated and applied to the subcritical CO<sub>2</sub> and supercritical N<sub>2</sub> adsorption isotherms at 293 K. It was observed that measuring a collective volume for all balance components for the buoyancy correction (helium method) introduces an inherent bias in temperature partition when there is a temperature gradient (i.e. analysis temperature is not equal to instrument air bath temperature). We demonstrate that a blank subtraction is effective in mitigating the biases associated with temperature partitioning, instrument calibration, and the determined volumes of the balance components. In general, the manual and subtraction methods allow for better treatment of the temperature gradient during buoyancy correction. From the study, best practices specific to asymmetric two-beam balances and more general recommendations for measuring isotherms far from critical temperatures using gravimetric instruments are offered.
On channel assignment problem in cellular networks (2002)

The channel assignment problem in a mobile cellular network is considered in this paper. The cellular network is most often modelled as a graph and the channel assignment problem is formulated as the coloring problem of that graph. The channel assignment problem in its most general form is NP-complete. Prior studies assume that the graph modelling the cellular network is an arbitrary graph. However, we show that the graph modelling the cellular network has a very regular structure and exploiting this regular structure, the channel assignment problem can be solved optimally in many cases. We also present an integer linear programming formulation of the channel assignment problem.
Neoantigen vaccine generates intratumoral T cell responses in phase Ib glioblastoma trial (2018)

Abstract Neoantigens, which are derived from tumour-specific protein-coding mutations, are exempt from central tolerance, can generate robust immune responses1, 2 and can function as bona fide antigens that facilitate tumour rejection3. Here we demonstrate that a strategy that uses multi-epitope, personalized neoantigen vaccination, which has previously been tested in patients with high-risk melanoma4–6, is feasible for tumours such as glioblastoma, which typically have a relatively low mutation load1, 7 and an immunologically ‘cold’ tumour microenvironment8. We used personalized neoantigen-targeting vaccines to immunize patients newly diagnosed with glioblastoma following surgical resection and conventional radiotherapy in a phase I/Ib study. Patients who did not receive dexamethasone—a highly potent corticosteroid that is frequently prescribed to treat cerebral oedema in patients with glioblastoma—generated circulating polyfunctional neoantigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses that were enriched in a memory phenotype and showed an increase in the number of tumour-infiltrating T cells. Using single-cell T cell receptor analysis, we provide evidence that neoantigen-specific T cells from the peripheral blood can migrate into an intracranial glioblastoma tumour. Neoantigen-targeting vaccines thus have the potential to favourably alter the immune milieu of glioblastoma.
Neuropsychological Correlates of Drug Abuse (2001)

As technology continues to advance at an unprecedented rate, it has become increasingly possible to examine the human brain in vivo through the application of a range of neuroimaging modalities. This progress in technology is paralleled by the rapidly evolving knowledge base in cognitive neurobiology. The implementation of sophisticated neuroimaging methods provides us with the opportunity to measure brain processes with increased spatial and temporal resolution, but we are left with the challenge of relating these imaging findings to meaningful units of human behavior. In general, investigators strive to design experiments that measure levels of brain function which can be reasonably associated with their neuroimaging methods. However, the modeling of brain—behavior relationships is dependent on the definition of a number of important factors including the identification of the level of brain function to be studied. For example, should analyses of behavior be defined on the basis of tasks, symptoms or syndromes, and should these behavioral units be related to individual brain regions, to local circuits, or to network systems? One discipline which has been able to address the multiple functional levels of the brain and has contributed significantly to the interpretation of the neuroimaging data is the field of neuropsychology.
Excursion-Limiting Fuse for the Mixed Spectrum Critical Assembly (1965)

An excursion-limiting fuse has been incorporated into the design of the Mixed Spectrum Critical Assembly. This fuse provides an ultimate shutdown mechanism, backing up the safety system and preventing clad perforation by removing fuel from the uncooled fast core during all credible accidents even with the safety system inoperative. The unique and important features of this fuse are: The load-carrying fissile material is supported in a simple manner that provides excellent thermal isolation from the surroundings and adequate space to deform without interference with the decoupling action.The portion of the coupling device where the mechanical separation takes place is located away from the load-carrying fissile material which triggers the action.Tests show that this fuse does not release the fuel elements during normal operation, but that it will actuate in the event of an excursion.
Contrasting effects of different maternal diets on sexually dimorphic gene expression in the murine placenta (2010)

Diet during pregnancy influences the future health of a woman's offspring, with outcomes differing depending on the child's sex. Because the placenta buffers the fetus from the mother, we examined the impact of diet and fetal sex on placental gene expression in mice fed either a very-high-fat, low-fat, chow diet of intermediate caloric density. At day 12.5 of pregnancy, placental RNA was extracted and analyzed by microarray. The expression of 1,972 genes was changed more than 2-fold (P < 0.05) in comparisons across diet in at least one of the three groups. Female placentae demonstrated more striking alterations in gene expression in response to maternal diet than male placentae. Notably, each diet provided a distinctive signature of sexually dimorphic genes, with expression generally higher in genes (651 out of 700) from female placentae than those from male placentae. Several genes normally considered as characteristic of kidney function were affected by diet, including genes regulating ion balance and chemoreception. The placenta also expressed most of the known olfactory receptor genes (Olfr), which may allow the placenta to sense odorant molecules and other minor dietary components, with transcript levels of many of these genes influenced by diet and fetal sex. In conclusion, gene expression in the murine placenta is adaptive and shaped by maternal diet. It also exhibits pronounced sexual dimorphism, with placentae of females more sensitive to nutritional perturbations than placentae of males.