gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
RARE-16. A CASE REPORT OF AUTOGRAFT OLFACTORY STEM CELL TRANSPLANT FOR SPINAL CORD INJURY DEVELOPING INTO A PERSISTENT SPINAL MASS (2016)

Patients that suffer spinal cord injury (SCI) often suffer detrimental loss of motor, sensory, or autonomic function. The central nervous system has limited regenerative potential and neuronal damage caused by SCI is often severe and even irreversible. To date, there is no established treatment for SCI. Stem cell transplantation has been the focus of ample research as a potential treatment for patients with SCI. Few and mainly experimental data exist on the use of stem cell transplant for SCI. The theory behind using stem cells to treat SCI is that pluripotent stem cells have the ability to differentiate and acquire characteristics of target tissues. However, the cells’ ability to self-renew carries the risk of uncontrolled cell growth and tumor formation. We report a case of olfactory mucosal stem cell transplantation for traumatic SCI at the level of C6-7. Three years after the transplant, the patient developed new neurological symptoms of arm weakness. MRI showed a multi-lobulated mass at the site of the stem cell transplant. The tumor was surgically removed and pathological analysis revealed mucosal cells within the mass suggesting that it had originated from the olfactory mucosal transplant. The patient had to undergo several resections due to regrowth of the mass and recurrent symptoms. To our knowledge this is only the third reported case of mass formation following stem cell transplant into central nervous system tissue. This case represents a disastrous complication of stem cell transplantation and highlights the need for additional clinical studies to validate the use of stem cell transplant for the treatment.
Transmit and receive cooperative cognition: Protocol design and stability analysis (2013)

In this paper, we investigate the stability of a cooperative cognitive system. We propose a cooperative secondary transmitter-receiver system (CSTR), where, the secondary transmitter (ST) and the secondary receiver (SR) increase the spectrum availability for the ST packets by relaying the unsuccessfully transmitted packets of the primary transmitter (PT). We assume receiving nodes with multipacket reception capability (MPR). We provide two inner bounds and two outer bounds on the stability region of the considered system.
STBC MIMO Network Coding for Bi-directional Multi-Hop Relay Networks (2009)

Efficient bi-directional multi-hop wireless networks based on MIMO algorithm or network coding have been proposed in recent papers. This paper proposes a new technique named as MIMO network coding, that is a combination of network coding and MIMO algorithm for multi-hop relay networks. By using MIMO network coding, co-channel interference cancellation and efficient bi-directional transmission can be realized simultaneously with lower complexity in multi-hop networks. Moreover, Space Time Block Code (STBC) MIMO transmission is also introduced to achieve higher reliability in MIMO network coding. It is confirmed from numerical analysis that the MIMO network coding with STBC achieves higher capacity and reliability than conventional schemes.
Optical antenna enhanced spontaneous emission (2015)

Atoms and molecules are too small to act as efficient antennas for their own emission wavelengths. By providing an external optical antenna, the balance can be shifted; spontaneous emission could become faster than stimulated emission, which is handicapped by practically achievable pump intensities. In our experiments, InGaAsP nanorods emitting at ∼ 200 THz optical frequency show a spontaneous emission intensity enhancement of 35 × corresponding to a spontaneous emission rate speedup ∼ 115 ×, for antenna gap spacing, d = 40 nm. Classical antenna theory predicts ∼ 2,500 × spontaneous emission speedup at d ∼ 10 nm, proportional to 1/d(2). Unfortunately, at d < 10 nm, antenna efficiency drops below 50%, owing to optical spreading resistance, exacerbated by the anomalous skin effect (electron surface collisions). Quantum dipole oscillations in the emitter excited state produce an optical ac equivalent circuit current, I(o) = qω|x(o)|/d, feeding the antenna-enhanced spontaneous emission, where q|x(o)| is the dipole matrix element. Despite the quantum-mechanical origin of the drive current, antenna theory makes no reference to the Purcell effect nor to local density of states models. Moreover, plasmonic effects are minor at 200 THz, producing only a small shift of antenna resonance frequency.
Problems when realizing ad hoc networks: how a hierarchical architecture can help (2007)

Abstract. Despite the fact that many electronic devices are equipped with wireless interfaces and a lot of publications on wireless ad hoc and mesh networking exist, these networks are seldom used in our everyday life. A possible explanation is the fact that only few of the numerous theoretically promising proposals lead to practical solutions on real systems. Currently, wireless network design is mostly approached from a purely theoretical angle. In this paper, common theoretical assumptions are challenged and disproved, and key problems that are faced when putting theory to practice are determined by experiment. We show how these problems can be mitigated, and motivate why a heterogeneous hierarchical wireless mesh architecture can help in making wireless ad hoc networking a reality. 1
Dynamic variable selection in SNP genotype autocalling from APEX microarray data (2006)

The strength of this APEX chemistry-based platform is its unique redundancy having multiple probes for a single SNP. Our model-based genotype calling algorithm captures the redundancy in the system considering all the underlying probe features of a particular SNP, automatically down-weighting any 'bad data' corresponding to image artifacts on the microarray slide or failure of a specific chemistry. In this regard, our method is able to automatically select the probes which work well and reduce the effect of other so-called bad performing probes in a sample-specific manner, for any number of SNPs.
Fetal intra‐abdominal umbilical vein varix: what is the clinical significance? (2005)

FIUV varix is associated with a high incidence of fetal anomalies and obstetric complications. Detailed sonography is necessary to exclude fetal anomalies. Karyotyping should be offered when additional fetal abnormalities are detected. Intensive surveillance including color Doppler ultrasound should be started from the moment of diagnosis until delivery, especially in those cases presenting early in pregnancy.
Measurement of Urinary Desmosine by Isotope Dilution and High Performance Liquid Chromatography: Correlation between Elastase-induced Air-Space Enlargement in the Hamster and Elevation of Urinary Desmosine (1991)

The accuracy of methods employed to measure the elastin-specific crosslinks, desmosine (DES) and isodesmosine (IDES), has been called into question because contaminants in the urine may cause elevated values. In the present study urine samples were spiked with a known amount of [14C]DES and refluxed in 6 N HCl. Sephadex G-15 chromatography of the hydrolyzed urine employed to remove contaminants. DES and IDES were quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as well as by amino acid analysis. The amount of isotope recovered was used to determine losses during the overall procedure and the isotope dilution to calculate the amounts of endogenous DES and IDES originally present in the urine. Because similar values were obtained by both methods, the more rapid HPLC method was used for all succeeding analyses. In one experiment, the DES amounts in urine collected from hamsters for 3 days after intratracheal treatment with human neutrophil elastase (300 micrograms) or porcine pancreatic elastase (300 micrograms) were 0.212 +/- 0.012 (mean +/- SEM, two measurements on a single pool) and 0.816 +/- 0.005 (two measurements) microgram per hamster per day, respectively. Urine from control hamsters had a mean value of 0.074 +/- 0.008 (eight measurements) microgram per hamster per day. The HNE- and PPE-treated hamsters had mean linear intercept values of 119 and 159% of control values, respectively, giving a positive correlation between increase in airspace size and elevation of urinary DES.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Schradan Content in Field Grown Peas in Relation to Pea Aphid Control1 (1955)

Journal Article Schradan Content in Field Grown Peas in Relation to Pea Aphid Control Get access T. B. Davich, T. B. Davich University of Wisconsin, Madison Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. W. Apple J. W. Apple University of Wisconsin, Madison Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 48, Issue 2, 1 April 1955, Pages 180–181, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/48.2.180 Published: 01 April 1955
Dry cleaning of Si and SiO/sub 2/ surfaces using SiCl/sub 4/ system (2002)

We have found an effective dry cleaning technique using SiCl/sub 4/ as a cleaning gas. Now, for the first time, surface Fe contaminants can be removed from an SiO/sub 2/ surface using SiCl/sub 4/. A Cl/sub 2/+SiCl/sub 4/ combination allows dry cleaning of a Si surface at a lower temperature than the conventional UV/Cl/sub 2/ method. Use of this Cl/sub 2/+SiCl/sub 4/ mixture gave good surface flatness and surface constitution for both Si and SiO/sub 2/ surfaces.
A New Understanding of Au‐Assisted Growth of III–V Semiconductor Nanowires (2005)

Abstract Semiconductor nanowires of III–V materials have generated much interest in recent years. However, the growth mechanisms by which these structures form are not well understood. The so‐called vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) mechanism has often been proposed for III–V systems, with a chemically inert, liquid metal particle (typically Au) acting as a physical catalyst. We assert here that Au is, in fact, not inert with respect to the semiconductor material but rather interacts with it to form a variety of intermetallic compounds. Moreover, we suggest that III–V nanowire growth can best be understood if the metallic particle is not a liquid, but a solid‐phase solution or compound containing Au and the group III material. The four materials GaP, GaAs, InP, and InAs will be considered, and growth behavior related to their particular temperature‐dependent interaction with Au.
Decoding by sequential code reduction (1973)

A general decoding method for cyclic codes is presented which gives promise of substantially reducing the complexity of decoders at the cost of a modest increase in decoding time (or delay). Significant reductions in decoder complexity for binary cyclic finite-geometry codes are demonstrated.
IEEE Workshop on Visualization for Computer Security 2005 (VizSEC 05) (2005)

Conference proceedings front matter may contain various advertisements, welcome messages, committee or program information, and other miscellaneous conference information. This may in some cases also include the cover art, table of contents, copyright statements, title-page or half title-pages, blank pages, venue maps or other general information relating to the conference that was part of the original conference proceedings.
Morphology and Particle Size Distribution Controls of Droplet-to-Macroporous/Hollow Particles Formation in Spray Drying Process of Colloidal Mixtures Precursor (2009)

The morphology control of droplet-to-macroporous/hollow particles formation using an ultrasonically spray-drying method as well as correlation between the droplet and particle size distribution of generated particles using a precursor of colloidal mixtures of polystyrene latex (PSL) and negatively charged silica nanoparticles were demonstrated. Porous particles were successfully produced by negatively charged PSL colloids. On the other hand, positively charged PSL colloids tended to generate hollow particles. The measured particle size distribution (PSD) of hollow particles agreed well with the calculated PSD using a mass balance principle of droplet to drying particles of silica and PSL composites. However, for porous particle formation, the measured PSD was smaller than the calculated PSD. The effects of PSL and silica colloids concentrations on a starting material as well as process residence time on the final porous particles were also investigated. A high PSL colloid concentration, low silica colloid concentration, and a short residence time of the process led to higher PSD deviation between the measurement and the calculation. The cause of these phenomena was also discussed in this article.
Evaluating Cefoperazone-Induced Gut Metabolic Functional Changes in MR1-Deficient Mice (2022)

Mucosal-associated invariant T cells are activated following the recognition of bacterial antigens presented by the major histocompatibility complex class I-related molecule (MR1). Previous metagenomics data showed that MR1<sup>-/-</sup> knock-out (KO) mice had distinct microbiota and displayed a resistance to <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> (CDI) colonization vs. wild-type (WT) mice. In the present study, LC/MS-based untargeted metabolomics are applied to evaluate the changes in metabolic activities, in accordance with the changes in gut microbiota caused by cefoperazone (Cef) treatment. Adult C57Bl/6J WT and MR1<sup>-/-</sup> KO mice were given sterile drinking water or spiked with 0.5 mg/mL Cef ad libitum for five days. Fecal pellets were collected daily, and both small intestinal and cecal contents were harvested at sacrifice. The PLS-DA score plots of the metabolomic data indicate that the microbiota is relatively less disturbed by Cef treatment in KO mice, which is consistent with the metagenomics data. The most noticeable differences in the metabolome of KO and WT mice were the increases in carbohydrates in the WT mice, but not in the KO mice. Metabolic functional biomarkers were identified through the correlation analysis of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and riboflavin. These detected metabolic functional biomarkers could provide information complementary to metagenomics data.
A Theoretical Analysis of One-time Key Based Phase Scrambling for Phase-only Correlation between Visually Protected Images (2009)

We present a theoretical analysis of one-time key based phase scrambling for image matching using phase-only correlation (POC). Phase scrambling is used for visual information protection of templates. The effect of scrambling on POC values is analyzed. As a result, the peak value, which is used as a measure of signal congruence, of the POC between non-scrambled signals can be estimated by observed POC values with key parameters. In addition, we indicate a condition in which the peak value of the POC between non-scrambled signals estimated by observed POC values with one parameter.
Control ofTaenia soliumtaeniasis/cysticercosis: past practices and new possibilities (2013)

Neurocysticercosis continues to be a major health burden on humans living in many regions of the world, despite the availability of highly effective taeniacides and identification of the cause, Taenia solium, as being potentially eradicable. Several T. solium control trials have been undertaken, generally achieving limited success and none that has been fully documented has achieved what was demonstrated to be a sustainable level of disease control. Pigs act as intermediate hosts for T. solium and two new control tools have become available for application in pigs - single-dose oxfendazole treatment of porcine cysticercosis and the TSOL18 vaccine. Three potential intervention scenarios for pigs are compared for control of cysticercosis, using either oxfendazole or vaccination. A control scenario involving vaccination plus oxfendazole treatment delivered at 4 monthly intervals was predicted to achieve the best outcome, with no pigs slaughtered at 12 months of age having viable T. solium cysticerci. Now that new control tools are available, there are opportunities to concentrate research attention on evaluation of novel control scenarios leading to the implementation of effective and sustainable control programmes and a reduction in the global burden of neurocysticercosis.
Management of inverted papilloma (1990)

This paper updates a 1981 report on the management of inverted papilloma. In that report, routine lateral rhinotomy with en bloc resection of the lateral nasal wall, including the entire schneiderian membrane, was recommended. This report emphasizes the use of computed tomography scanning in management planning. Of 33 patients with inverted papilloma treated between 1969 and 1987, 7 had associated squamous cell carcinoma. Twenty-two patients with IP alone were treated with medial maxillectomy; however, 3 patients have been successfully treated with either a Caldwell-Luc/ethmoidectomy or an external ethmoidectomy for localized disease. The use of computed tomography capable of higher resolution allowed preoperative determination of the extent of disease, enabling the surgeon to plan the surgery more precisely. Patients were followed for an average of 9.6 years. Recurrent disease occurred in one patient (4%) following a lateral rhinotomy/medial maxillectomy approach. The principles set forth in this series of patients remain the same as those previously described due to the unique characteristics of this tumor: its ability to destroy bone, its tendency to recur, and its association with malignancy. The technique of lateral rhinotomy and en bloc excision of the lateral nasal wall, followed by meticulous removal of all mucosa in the ipsilateral paranasal sinuses, remains the standard therapy.
Design and Lessons Learned on the Development of a Cryogenic Pupil Select Mechanism used in the Testing and Calibration of the Integrated Science Instrument Module (ISIM) on the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) (2014)

Calibration and testing of the instruments on the Integrated Science Instrument Module (ISIM) of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is being performed by the use of a cryogenic, full-field, optical simulator that was constructed for this purpose. The Pupil Select Mechanism (PSM) assembly is one of several mechanisms and optical elements that compose the Optical Telescope Element SIMulator, or OSIM. The PSM allows for several optical elements to be inserted into the optical plane of OSIM, introducing a variety of aberrations, distortions, obscurations, and other calibration states into the pupil plane. The following discussion focuses on the details of the design evolution, analysis, build, and test of this mechanism along with the challenges associated with creating a sub arc-minute positioning mechanism operating in an extreme cryogenic environment. In addition, difficult challenges in the control system design will be discussed including the incorporation of closed-loop feedback control into a system that was designed to operate in an open-loop fashion.
Proton Irradiation Effects on Spin Orbit-Torque and Spin-Transfer Torque Magnetic Tunnel Junctions (2021)

This paper aims to investigate proton irradiation effects on a new class of emerging devices: Perpendicular-Magnetic Anysotropy (PMA) Spin Orbit (SOT) Torque Magnetic Tunnel Junctions (MTJ).
A Coarse-to-Fine Indoor Layout Estimation (CFILE) Method (2016)

The task of estimating the spatial layout of cluttered indoor scenes from a single RGB image is addressed in this work. Existing solutions to this problems largely rely on hand-craft features and vanishing lines, and they often fail in highly cluttered indoor rooms. The proposed coarse-to-fine indoor layout estimation (CFILE) method consists of two stages: 1) coarse layout estimation; and 2) fine layout localization. In the first stage, we adopt a fully convolutional neural network (FCN) to obtain a coarse-scale room layout estimate that is close to the ground truth globally. The proposed FCN considers combines the layout contour property and the surface property so as to provide a robust estimate in the presence of cluttered objects. In the second stage, we formulate an optimization framework that enforces several constraints such as layout contour straightness, surface smoothness and geometric constraints for layout detail refinement. Our proposed system offers the state-of-the-art performance on two commonly used benchmark datasets.
Using neural network front-ends on far field multiple microphones based speech recognition (2014)

This paper presents an investigation of far field speech recognition using beamforming and channel concatenation in the context of Deep Neural Network (DNN) based feature extraction. While speech enhancement with beamforming is attractive, the algorithms are typically signal-based with no information about the special properties of speech. A simple alternative to beamforming is concatenating multiple channel features. Results presented in this paper indicate that channel concatenation gives similar or better results. On average the DNN front-end yields a 25% relative reduction in Word Error Rate (WER). Further experiments aim at including relevant information in training adapted DNN features. Augmenting the standard DNN input with the bottleneck feature from a Speaker Aware Deep Neural Network (SADNN) shows a general advantage over the standard DNN based recognition system, and yields additional improvements for far field speech recognition.
The impact of grating lobe clutter on plane wave DCE-US parametric imaging (2020)

Parametric imaging is a tool to visualize the parameters extracted from dynamic contrast enhanced ultrasound (DCE-US) and the corresponding time amplitude curves (TAC) to illustrate the heterogeneity of those parameters across a tumour. TAC generated using DCE-US can be influenced by imaging mode, plane wave (PWI) or focussed imaging (FI) and the parameter choices. This has been previously studied for a single vessel phantom and a micro vasculature phantom when laterally located clutter from grating lobes was observed for PWI. Here we study the effect of such clutter on parametric imaging for three TAC metrics: peak intensity (PI), time from injection to peak (TIP) and mean transit time (MTT), using a microvascular flow phantom. DCE-US images were obtained using a Vantage (Verasonics Inc.) and a pulse-inversion algorithm. 800 frames were recorded at 10 Hz for PWI and FI. All measurements were repeated 3 times, injecting 0.4 ml of contrast agent (Sonozoid). The concept of TAC coherence, the similarity of the TACs between any two locations in the field of view, was introduced and used as a measure of TAC information leakage, a blurring of the ability to see spatial variation in TAC shape. Such leakage may be due, for example, to a broad beam (high side lobes) or strong grating lobes. A greater signal leakage was observed for PWI which raises concerns over the use of PWI DCE- US when it is important to maintain sensitivity to vascular heterogeneity in tumours, especially when interested in response to treatment.
The Cell (2011)

The Cell: A Very Short Introduction describes the nature of cells — their basic structure, their varying forms, their division, their differentiation from initially highly flexible stem cells, their signalling, and programmed death. Cells are the basic constituent of life, and understanding cells and how they work is central to all biology and medicine. A cell is the simplest unit of a self-contained living organism, and the vast majority of life on Earth consists of single-celled microbes, mostly bacteria. These consist of a simple ‘prokaryotic’ cell, with no nucleus. The bodies of more complex plants and animals consist of billions of ‘eukaryotic’ cells, of varying kinds, adapted to fill different roles.
ChemInform Abstract: Glycoside and Saccharide Synthesis Using N‐Glycosyltriazoles as Hydrolytically Stable Glycosyl Donors. (1990)

Abstract Diels‐Alder reaction of the tetra‐O‐pivaloyl‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl azide (I) with the dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates (II) in toluene yields the hydrolytically stable N‐glycosyltriazoles (III) which serve as glycosyl donors.