gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wastewater treatment by bio-magnetic separation: A comparison of iron oxide and iron sulphide biomass recovery (1998)

Many microorganisms have an affinity to accumulate metal ions onto their surfaces, which results in metal loading of the biomass. Microbial biomineralisation of iron produces a biomass, which is often highly magnetic and can be separated from water systems by the application of a magnetic field. This paper reports on the magnetic separation of biomass containing microbial iron oxide (Fe3O4, present within magnetotactic bacteria) and iron sulphide (Fe1-XS, precipitated extracellularly by sulphate reducing bacteria) in a single wire cell. Since such bacteria can be separated magnetically, their affinity to heavy metal or organic material accumulation renders them useful for the removal of pollutants from wastewater. The relative merits of each bacterium to magnetic separation techniques in terms of applied magnetic field and processing conditions are discussed.
Hot topics in medical acoustics (1997)

Medical acoustics covers a wide variety of applications that are both diagnostic and therapeutic. One of the interesting aspects of acoustics is its capability to be apparently noninvasive (imaging of the fetus with ultrasound) and yet powerful enough to generate biological effects (destruction of kidney stones by shock waves). One new area which seems to be further expanding this capacity is ultrasound contrast agents. Most of the agents under development are very small, stable gas bubbles which can be injected into the bloodstream and still pass through the capillary beds. Some agents provide additional signals in medical imaging for several minutes, and some have the potential for therapeutic applications as well. Contrast agents are one of the fastest growing areas in medical acoustics, as evidenced by the increased research in this area and the number of major pharmaceutical manufacturers becoming involved. Research and development expenditures are expected to increase dramatically as a result and the potential impact on medical acoustics could be significant. Topics for discussion include detection of nonlinear signals, new imaging modes in medical ultrasonics, the ‘‘disappearance’’ or ‘‘reappearance’’ of agents when exposed to an acoustic field, potential bioeffects of agents, and their therapeutic applications such as use in drug delivery.
Supercapacitive Energy Storage for Diesel - Electric Locomotives (2004)

Diesel - electric traction is a well established technology in railways systems, mainly for lines with a low traffic potential. In those conditions, the choice of a diesel powered locomotive is due to the reduced costs compared to the infrastructure cost of a standard electric train. The main inconvenience of that technology is the primary energy source: oil resources are not infinite, prices are difficult to forecast and CO2 production increases global warming. Itâs therefore important to develop new strategies to increase the energy efficiency of a diesel â electric train. To reach that goal, a system with supercapacitive energy storage will be proposed in this paper. The production and exploitation costs of the proposed system will be studied in more detail. The proposed solution will reduce diesel consumption and therefore also CO2 and other pollutant emissions while being economically viable.
Effect of Porphyromonas gingivalis infection on gut dysbiosis and arthritis exacerbation in mouse model (2020)

Abstract Background : Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) infection causes periodontal disease and is involved in the exacerbation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Gut microbiota dysbiosis has shown strong associations with systemic diseases, including RA, diabetes mellitus, and inflammatory bowel disease, and inoculation of periodontopathogenic bacteria (i.e. Pg) can alter gut microbiota composition. Therefore, this study investigated dysbiosis-mediated arthritis exacerbation by Pg oral inoculation in an experimental arthritis model mouse. Methods : Pg inoculation in the oral cavity twice a week for 6 weeks was performed to induce periodontitis in SKG mice. Concomitantly, a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of laminarin (LA) was administered to induce experimental arthritis (Pg-LA mouse). Citrullinated protein (CP) and IL-6 levels in periodontal, intestinal, and joint tissues, and serum were measured by ELISA. Gut microbiota composition was determined by sequencing the bacterial 16S rRNA after DNA purification of mouse feces. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was performed by transferring Pg-RA-derived feces to normal SKG mice. The effect of the Pg peptidylarginine deaminase (PgPAD) on the level of citrullinated proteins and arthritis progression were determined using PgPAD knockout mutant. Results : Periodontal alveolar bone loss and IL-6 in gingival tissue were induced by Pg oral infection, as well as severe joint destruction, increased arthritis scores (AS), and IL-6 and CP production in serum, joint, and intestinal tissues. Distribution of Deferribacteres and S24-7 was decreased, while CP was significantly increased in gingival, joint, and intestinal tissues of Pg-inoculated experimental arthritis mice compared to experimental arthritis mice without Pg inoculation. Further, FMT from Pg-inoculated experimental arthritis mice showed the reproduction of donor gut microbiota and resulted in severe joint destruction with increased IL-6 and CP production in joint and intestinal tissues. The avarage AS of FMT from Pg-inoculated experimental arthritis was much higher than that of donor mouse. However, inoculation of the PgPAD knockout mutant inhibited the elevation of arthritis scores, ACPA level in serum and reduced CP amount in gingival, joint, and intestinal tissues compared to Pg wild type inoculation . Conclusion : Pg oral infection affected gut microbiota dysbiosis and joint destruction via increased CP generation.
Demonstration of Size Variation of RNA Segments Between Different Isolates of Calf Rotavirus (1977)

Polyacrylamide gel electrophosesis of RNA extracted from wild rotavirus isolates and cell culture adapted virus revealed a significant variation in the molecular weight of individual RNA segments. The major differences were observed between wild isolates on the one hand and the adapted strain on the other hand. The slight variations that were observed between different wild isolates were found regularly and appeared to be related to the origin of the samples.
Hilbert Transform Applied to Separation of Waves (2002)

The analytical method (AM) for separation of composite waves is presented based on the Hilbert transform. It is ap-plicable to both regular and irregular trains of waves. The wave data series measured with two wave gauges in the experi-ments are separated into two series of incident and reflected waves. Then, the reflection coefficient can be easily ob-tained. The arrival of reflected waves can also be detected for improvement of the accuracy of the reflection coefficient.The reflection performance of the physical model can be estimated exactly without calculation of wave height and phasedifference. Numerical samples developed to test the method are proved to be accurate. Physical experiments are conduct-ed and compared with Goda's method and satisfactory results are obtained.
Experimental evaluation of the performance of a proto-type hybrid solar Photovoltaic-thermal (PV/T) air collector for the integration in sloped roof (2002)

Detailed simulation studies on the design and development of PV/T systems are being carried out at the Politecnico di Milano, for their possible integration with a sloped roof. Subsequently, a proto-type PV/T air heating collector has designed, manufactured and tested at the experimental site Parco Lambro in Milan in collaboration with a private industry. Thermal and electric efficiencies have been assessed during several days of experimentation. The present paper shows the results of such tests and focus on the relationships among collector performances and design (integrated with building and HVAC systems) conditions.
Sequential rank agreement methods for comparison of ranked lists (2018)

The comparison of alternative rankings of a set of items is a general and common task in applied statistics. Predictor variables are ranked according to magnitude of association with an outcome, prediction models rank subjects according to the personalized risk of an event, and genetic studies rank genes according to their difference in gene expression levels. We propose a sequential rank agreement measure to quantify the rank agreement among two or more ordered lists. This measure has an intuitive interpretation, it can be applied to any number of lists even if some are partially incomplete, and it provides information about the agreement along the lists. The sequential rank agreement can be evaluated analytically or be compared graphically to a permutation based reference set in order to identify changes in the list agreements. The usefulness of this measure is illustrated using gene rankings, and using data from two Danish ovarian cancer studies where we assess the within and between agreement of different statistical classification methods.
Deep Active Learning with Contaminated Tags for Image Aesthetics Assessment (2018)

Image aesthetic quality assessment has becoming an indispensable technique that facilitates a variety of image applications, e.g., photo retargeting and non-realistic rendering. Conventional approaches suffer from the following limitations: 1) the inefficiency of semantically describing images due to the inherent tag noise and incompletion, 2) the difficulty of accurately reflecting how humans actively perceive various regions inside each image, and 3) the challenge of incorporating the aesthetic experiences of multiple users. To solve these problems, we propose a novel semi-supervised deep active learning (SDAL) algorithm, which discovers how humans perceive semantically important regions from a large quantity of images partially assigned with contaminated tags. More specifically, as humans usually attend to the foreground objects before understanding them, we extract a succinct set of BING (binarized normed gradients) [60]-based object patches from each image. To simulate human visual perception, we propose SDAL which hierarchically learns human gaze shifting path (GSP) by sequentially linking semantically important object patches from each scenery. Noticeably, SDLA unifies the semantically important regions discovery and deep GSP feature learning into a principled framework, wherein only a small proportion of tagged images are adopted. Moreover, based on the sparsity penalty, SDLA can optimally abandon the noisy or redundant low-level image features. Finally, by leveraging the deeply-learned GSP features, a probabilistic model is developed for image aesthetics assessment, where the experience of multiple professional photographers can be encoded. Besides, auxiliary quality-related features can be conveniently integrated into our probabilistic model. Comprehensive experiments on a series of benchmark image sets have demonstrated the superiority of our method. As a byproduct, eye tracking experiments have shown that GSPs generated by our SDAL are about 93% consistent with real human gaze shifting paths.
Polarity, hydrogen bonding, and structure of mixtures of water and cyanomethane (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolarity, hydrogen bonding, and structure of mixtures of water and cyanomethaneYizhak Marcus and Yoelit MigronCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1991, 95, 1, 400–406Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1991https://doi.org/10.1021/j100154a070Request reuse permissionsArticle Views708Altmetric-Citations217LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (932 KB) Get e-Alerts
Mutual Information Maximization for Robust Plannable Representations (2020)

Extending the capabilities of robotics to real-world complex, unstructured environments requires the need of developing better perception systems while maintaining low sample complexity. When dealing with high-dimensional state spaces, current methods are either model-free or model-based based on reconstruction objectives. The sample inefficiency of the former constitutes a major barrier for applying them to the real-world. The later, while they present low sample complexity, they learn latent spaces that need to reconstruct every single detail of the scene. In real environments, the task typically just represents a small fraction of the scene. Reconstruction objectives suffer in such scenarios as they capture all the unnecessary components. In this work, we present MIRO, an information theoretic representational learning algorithm for model-based reinforcement learning. We design a latent space that maximizes the mutual information with the future information while being able to capture all the information needed for planning. We show that our approach is more robust than reconstruction objectives in the presence of distractors and cluttered scenes
Smart Guiding Glasses for Visually Impaired People in Indoor Environment (2017)

To overcome the travelling difficulty for the visually impaired group, this paper presents a novel ETA (Electronic Travel Aids)-smart guiding device in the shape of a pair of eyeglasses for giving these people guidance efficiently and safely. Different from existing works, a novel multi sensor fusion based obstacle avoiding algorithm is proposed, which utilizes both the depth sensor and ultrasonic sensor to solve the problems of detecting small obstacles, and transparent obstacles, e.g. the French door. For totally blind people, three kinds of auditory cues were developed to inform the direction where they can go ahead. Whereas for weak sighted people, visual enhancement which leverages the AR (Augment Reality) technique and integrates the traversable direction is adopted. The prototype consisting of a pair of display glasses and several low cost sensors is developed, and its efficiency and accuracy were tested by a number of users. The experimental results show that the smart guiding glasses can effectively improve the user's travelling experience in complicated indoor environment. Thus it serves as a consumer device for helping the visually impaired people to travel safely.
Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) for the prediction of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) (2018)

<b>Introduction:</b> Diagnosing ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) remains challenging. Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) has prognostic value in critically ill patients with systemic infection regarding mortality prediction. We hypothesized that plasma suPAR accurately predicts the development of VAP, as well as ICU mortality. <b>Methods:</b> An observational, multicentre, prospective cohort study was conducted on four intensive care units (ICUs). Inclusion criteria involved no prescription of antibiotics and no signs of pneumonia on ICU admission and an expected duration of mechanical ventilation of &gt;72 hours. Patients with confirmed VAP were compared with controls with a matched duration of mechanical ventilation. Plasma suPAR levels were measured with ELISA for samples taken on the day of diagnosis and three days before. VAP and control patients were compared by Mann-Whitney U test and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROCC) was calculated. Secondary outcome was the predictive accuracy for ICU mortality. <b>Results:</b> SuPAR plasma levels were significantly increased in confirmed VAP patients (<i>N</i>=24) vs. controls (<i>N</i>=19) three days before VAP diagnosis (<i>P</i>=0.04, AUROCC 0.68; 95%-CI: 0.52-1), as well as on the day of diagnosis (<i>P</i>=0.01, AUROCC 0.77; 95%-CI 0.6-0.93). SuPAR levels – measured three days before VAP diagnosis – were significantly higher in deceased patients (<i>P</i>&lt;0.001, AUROCC 0.79; 95%-CI 0.57-1). <b>Conclusions:</b> Plasma suPAR levels were significantly higher in VAP patients compared to controls. SuPAR can predict mortality with moderate accuracy. The biomarker might become of value when added to current diagnostics of VAP.
Unexpected domain architecture of Type IIP restriction endonuclease SdaI (2007)

Page s128 Acta Cryst. (2007). A63, s128 (CPC). The CPC is an essential regulator of mitosis and coordinates multiple chromosomal and cytoskeletal events, such as the correction of centromere-microtubules attachment, the stabilization of the spindle and the completion of cell division. In performing these diverse functions, the complex moves from the inner centromere to the central spindle during the metaphase-anaphase transition, and finally translocates to the midbody during cytokinesis [1] . Localization is key to its function, as the CPC acts in phosphorylating multiple protein targets during mitotic progression. The three regulatory components of the complex (INCENP, Survivin and Borealin) target the CPC enzymatic activity (the kinase Aurora B) at the correct place and time during cell division, ensuring the phosphorylation of the correct set of substrates. We have determined the 1.4 resolution crystal structure of the regulatory core of the CPC and explored the requirements for targeting the CPC to the central spindle and midbody. Survivin, Borealin and INCENP interact as a 1:1:1 complex rather than as an oligomer as was instead expected [2] . We have engineered structure based mutants to dissect the CPC into different subcomplexes. siRNA rescue experiments with mutants reveal that the CPC functions as a single structural unit and the intertwined structural interactions of the core components lead to a functional interdependence. Association of the regulatory 'passenger' subunits creates a helical bundle, whose composite molecular surface presents conserved residues essential for central spindle and midbody localization.
Acute effects of endotoxin in children with uncontrolled asthma (2015)

Endotoxin, a ubiquitous component of Gram-negative bacteria, is an important bioactive environmental factor linked to paediatric asthma incidence and severity in epidemiological studies.1 In challenge studies, acute effects of endotoxin exposure include bronchoconstriction, airways inflammation and airways hyper responsiveness.2 A recent literature review supported a causal association between house-dust endotoxin exposure and acute asthma exacerbations.3

Observational repeated measure studies employing personal monitors can be used to precisely measure endotoxin exposures encountered in the domestic setting, and to assess the timing and magnitude of the dose–response. In this way, effects of acute exposures can be studied in populations that could not ethically undergo exposure challenges, such as children and those with more severe asthma. Using this approach, Rabinovitch et al 4 studied 14 mostly African–American children who attended a school set up for children with difficult to control asthma in Denver. Children in this study had symptoms on average 2–3 times a week indicating uncontrolled asthma despite use of inhaled corticosteroids given at school. Personal endotoxin exposure in this study was associated with a doubling of the odds of experiencing asthma symptoms …
Significant Increases in EEG Anterior-Posterior Alpha and Beta Powers By Transcranial Photobiomodulation (tPBM) in Healthy Humans With Exclusion of Thermal Effects (2021)

Abstract Transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) of the prefrontal cortex can improve human cognition and increase electroencephalogram (EEG) alpha and beta powers, but it was unclear whether tPBM-induced heat would influence EEG oscillation powers. This study aimed to prove that tPBM-induced increases in anterior-posterior EEG powers at alpha and beta bands would be significant after removal of tPBM-associated thermal effects. We performed both sham-controlled tPBM and sham-controlled thermal stimulation (thermo_stim) experiments under the eyes-closed resting state with concurrent recordings of 64-channel EEG before, during, and after 8-min tPBM at 1064-nm wavelength and thermo_stim with temperature from 33 to 41 °C, respectively, from healthy humans (n=46 for tPBM; n=14 for thermo_stim). Sham-subtracted topographies of EEG powers at five frequency bands were averaged at the group level during and post both stimulations. Two-sample t-tests with FDR correction and effect size were calculated for comparing tPBM and thermal effects at all five frequency bands. Right-frontal tPBM induced significant increases in EEG anterior-posterior alpha and beta powers under the eyes-closed conditions, consistent with the results previously reported in the eyes-open tPBM experiments. In contrast, right-frontal thermal stimulation under the eyes-closed resting state resulted in opposite effects on EEG power patterns with respect to those by tPBM. tPBM-induced enhancement in alpha and beta oscillations occurred during the 8-min intervention after exclusion of thermal effects. The ability of tPBM to synchronize alpha and beta oscillations in the anterior-posterior regions may be linked to the enhancement of frontoparietal network and the improvement of human cognition.
Exploring Price Accuracy on Uniswap V3 in Times of Distress (2022)

Financial markets have evolved over centuries, and exchanges have converged to rely on the order book mechanism for market making. Latency on the blockchain, however, has prevented decentralized exchanges (DEXes) from utilizing the order book mechanism and instead gave rise to the development of market designs that are better suited to a blockchain. Although the first widely popularized DEX, Uniswap V2, stood out through its astonishing simplicity, a recent design overhaul introduced with Uniswap V3 has introduced increasing levels of complexity aiming to increase capital efficiency. In this work, we empirically study the ability of Unsiwap V3 to handle unexpected price shocks. Our analysis finds that the prices on Uniswap V3 were inaccurate during the recent abrupt price drops of two stablecoins: UST and USDT. We identify the lack of agility required of Unsiwap V3 liquidity providers as the root cause of these worrying price inaccuracies. Additionally, we outline that there are too few incentives for liquidity providers to enter liquidity pools, given the elevated volatility in such market conditions.
Review of "Bit-Slice Microprocessor Design by John Mick and James Brick", McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1980 (1982)

No abstract available.