gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Model-Based Exhaust Pressure Control with Dynamic Feedforward for Engine Protection (2014)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The need to reduce fuel consumption and harmful pollutants from engines is an important task for automotive industry. It has led to technological advances in new engine design, such as engine downsizing. Due to the reduction of displacement, engine power output is reduced and thus its overall performance is limited. In order to increase torque and power, engines are typically boosted by turbochargers or superchargers. Meanwhile, the improvement on turbo design makes it possible to operate VGT (variable geometry turbocharger) at harsher exhaust environment for gasoline engines as well (e.g., with much higher exhaust temperature than that of diesel engines). This makes VGT related control problems more challenging and requires attention to protecting corresponding engine hardware during an entire engine life.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In this paper we investigate a new model-based engine control feature, which controls engine exhaust pressure in order to protect engine, turbocharger and aftertreatment catalyst devices. The methodology inverts a physics-based model from VGT valve position to engine exhaust pressure to design a model-based feedforward controller to be combined with conventional PID feedback control. The model-based control system makes the actual engine exhaust pressure track the target in fast transients under varying operating environments, such as changes in exhaust temperature and pressure with exhaust pipe restrictions. Dynamic compensation is also introduced to compensate for both transport delay for air flow and combustion delay for the mixture of air and fuel in engine exhaust flow estimation to improve control responses. The exhaust pressure control is seamlessly integrated with the boost pressure control to maintain smooth transitions between the two control systems, which is illustrated through detailed simulation analysis. Similar algorithm can be extended to a wastegated system.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Uncertainty analysis of a computerized sediment transport model (1992)

Outputs from a sediment transport model do not necessarily coincide with the reality exactly. Such discrepancies are mainly resulted from the existence of system and stochastic variations. In this study output uncertainties of a computerized sediment transport model HEC2-SR are analysed using three methods including the first-order variance estimation method, Latin Hypercubic sampling technique and Harr's point estimation method. In the analysis, model output uncertainties affected by stochastic input parameter uncertainties are of the main concern. (Authors)
Microwave dielectric resonator biosensor for aqueous glucose solution (2008)

We report a near-field microwave biosensor based on a dielectric resonator to detect glucose concentration. A microwave biosensor with a high Q dielectric resonator allows observation of the small variation of the glucose concentration by measuring the shift of the resonance frequency and the microwave reflection coefficient S(11). We observed the concentration of glucose with a detectable resolution up to 5 mgml at an operating frequency of about f=1.68 GHz. The change in the glucose concentration is directly related to the change in the reflection coefficient due to the electromagnetic interaction between the dielectric resonator and the glucose solution.
Beyond allostery: Catalytic regulation of a deoxyribozyme through an entropy-driven DNA amplifier (2010)

Abstract The programmability and replicability of RNA and DNA have respectively enabled the design and selection of a number of allosteric ribozymes and deoxyribozymes. These catalysts have been adapted to function as signal transducers in biosensors and biochemical reaction networks both in vitro and in vivo . However, allosteric control of nucleic acid catalysts is currently limited by the fact that one molecule of effector (input) generally regulates at most one molecule of ribozyme or deoxyribozyme (output). In consequence, allosteric control is usually inefficient when the concentration of input molecules is low. In contrast, catalytic regulation of protein enzymes, as in protein phosphorylation cascades, generally allows one input molecule (e.g., one kinase molecule) to regulate multiple output molecules (e.g., kinase substrates). Achieving such catalytic signal amplification would also be of great utility for nucleic acid circuits. Here we show that allosteric regulation of nucleic acid enzymes can be coupled to signal amplification in an entropy-driven DNA circuit. In this circuit, kinetically trapped DNA logic gates are triggered by a specific sequence, and upon execution generate a peroxidase deoxyribozyme that converts a colorless substrate (ABTS) into a green product (ABTS •+ ). This scheme provides a new paradigm for the design of enzyme-free biosensors for point-of-care diagnostics.
Predicting numbers of performance failures in the manufacture of dynamic systems (2009)

In this work, a method for determining the reliability of dynamic systems is discussed. Using statistical information on system parameters, the goal is to determine the probability of a dynamic system achieving or not achieving frequency domain performance specifications such as low frequency tracking error, and bandwidth. An example system is considered with closed loop control. A performance specification is given and converted into a performance weight transfer function. The example system is found to have a 20% chance of not achieving the given performance specification. An example of a realistic higher order system model of an electro hydraulic valve with spring feedback and position measurement feedback is also considered. The spring rate and viscous friction are considered random variables with normal distributions. It was found that nearly 6% of valve systems would not achieve the given frequency domain performance requirement.
Common-Cause Failure Mitigation Practices and Knowledge Gaps (2012)

This technical report documents the findings from first phase of research activities by ORNL. Specifically, the report describes the results of the investigation of CCF mitigation practices and determination of knowledge gaps.
GNSS signal generation in transmitters and simulators (2012)

In this chapter we examine how GNSS signals are created. We mostly concentrate our presentation on the signals of currently operating GPS and GLONASS. We also consider the main specific features of future GNSS signals including modernized GPS, modernized GLONASS, and GALILEO. We also describe in this chapter how GNSS signals are generated in simulators and how those signals differ from the signals generated by satellite transmitters and pseudolites. The particular place which this chapter occupies in the book is schematically depicted on Figure 3.1. In this book we describe GNSS using some help from a GNSS signal simulator. GNSS simulation today has become an important and significant part of the GNSS technology, which enjoys a high demand. Further, any presentation is based on models. These models can be mathematical, empirical, or speculative. A simulator-based model provides one with the best combination of those models, being as close to the real system from a receiver point of view as possible.
An estimation technique for nonlinear distortion in high-density magnetic recording channels (1998)

Nonlinear distortions, which limit detector performance at high recording densities, are known as the nonlinear transition shift and partial erasure. The nonlinear transition shift is known to be reduced substantially by the precompensation technique, while the partial erasure requires sophisticated nonlinear equalization techniques. In this paper, a new calculation intensive adaptive technique is presented that uses stochastic gradient method to minimize the mean squared error between actual playback signal samples and modeled signal samples. The effectiveness of the proposed adaptive approach to separately estimate these two nonlinear parameters uniquely is demonstrated by computer simulation.
Image fusion on the endoscopic view for endo-nasal skull-base surgery (2019)

The use of pre-operative CT and MR images for navigation during endo-nasal skull-base endoscopic surgery is a well-established procedure in clinical practice. Fusion of CT and MR images on the endoscopic view can offer an additional advantage by directly overlaying surgical-planning information in the surgical view. Fusion of intraoperative images, such as cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), represents a step forward since these images can also account for intra-operative anatomical changes. In this work, we present a method for intra-operative CBCT image fusion on the endoscopic view for endo-nasal skull-base surgery, implemented on the Philips surgical navigation system. This is the first study which utilizes an optical tracking system (OTS) embedded in the flat-panel detector of the C-arm for endoscopic-image augmentation. In our method the OTS, co-registered in the same CBCT coordinate system, is used for tracking the endoscope. Accuracy in CBCT image registration in the endoscopic view is studied using a calibration board. Image fusion is tested in a realistic surgical scenario by using a skull phantom and inserts that mimic critical structures at the skull base. Overall performances tested on the skull phantom show a high accuracy in tracking the endoscope and registration of CBCT on endoscopic view. It can be concluded that the implemented system show potential for usage in endo-nasal skull-base surgery.
Development of the association of TCF7L2 polymorphism with type 2 diabetes (2009)

Type 2 diabetes is a multifactorial disease,and it is the cumulative result of multiple minor-effect gene variants that determine an individual′s susceptibility to developing diabetes.Transcription factor 7 like 2(TCF7L2) gene is identified as another susceptibility gene of type 2 diabetes after PPARγ,KCNJ11.TCF7L2 polymorphism has the most important one that is associated with the onset of type 2 diabetes among the risk genes found to date,with the common risk loci at rs7903146 and rs12255372.TCF7L2 belongs to the nuclear receptor family and indirectly mediates Wnt signaling pathway.TCF7L2 variation is associated with insufficient insulin secretion after glucagons stimulation,however,the mechanism by which TCF7L2 variants increase the incidence of type 2 diabetes is yet not to be identified.
Mechanical Properties and Failure Analysis of Alumina‐Glass Dental Composites (1996)

Strength measurements and fractography were used to investigate the failure of alumina‐glass dental composites containing 75 vol% alumina and 25 vol% glass. Alumina compacts were prepared by slip casting and sintering at 1100°C for 2 h. Dense composites were made by infiltrating partially sintered alumina with glass at 1150°C for 8 h. Young's modulus and the hardness of the composites were 270 GPa and 12 GPa, respectively. The mean strength (460 MPa) and fracture toughness (4.0 MPa·m 1/2 ) of the composites were insensitive to the glass thermal expansion coefficient (α glass = 5.9 × 10 −6 to 7.8 × 10 −6 °C −1 ). Typical flaws were pores and cracklike voids formed by poor particle packing and differential sintering near agglomerates of alumina in the composite. Crack deflection and crack bridging were observed in indentation cracks. Fracture toughness was single‐valued because the alumina particle size was small (∼3 μm). Alumina‐glass composites are promising new ceramics for dental crown and bridge applications, because their strength and fracture toughness are ∼2 times greater than those of current dental ceramics.
Improving polymer blend dispersion in mini‐mixers (2001)

Abstract The simple cup and rotor mini‐mixer, designed to blend very small polymer batches (0.3 g, MiniMAX), was compared to larger lab scale extruder (5 g, DACA): and a 16 mm co‐rotating twin screw (300 g/hr. PRISM). All were compared at the maximum shear rate in the cup and rotor mixer, 110 s −1 . Particle sizes of poly(propylene) [PP] dispersed in poly(styrene) (80 wt% PS) were meausred by dissolving the PS, filtering and using scanning electron microscopy. The 16 mm twin screw gave somewhat smaller particle sizes than the lab scale mixers (102 μ vs 1.7 and 1.9 μ), but dispersion in the cup and rotor mini‐mixer was much poorer. Simply adding three steel balls to the cup as suggested by Maréchal et al. (Polym Networks Blends, 1997) greatly improved the dispersion (1.8 μm). Modifying the rotor design to allow recirculation yielded similar improvement. The benefit of adding three balls was confinmed in blends of low viscosity poly(dimethyl siloxane) PDMS in PS. When anhydride terminal PDMS was blended with amino terminal PS, the particle sizes were much smaller (10 vs. 0.3 μm) and the differences between the three versions of the cup and rotor were much less pronounced.
Executing Bag of Distributed Tasks on Virtually Unlimited Cloud Resources (2015)

This research is supported by the EPSRC grant ‘Working Together: Constraint Programming and Cloud Computing’ (EP/K015745/1), a Royal Society Industry Fellowship, an Impact Acceleration Account Grant (IAA) and an Amazon Web Services (AWS) Education Research Grant.
Multi-depth phase-only hologram optimization using the L-BFGS algorithm with sequential slicing (2023)

We implement a limited-memory Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno (L-BFGS) optimization of phase-only computer-generated hologram for a multi-depth three-dimensional (3D) target. Instead of computing the full 3D reconstruction of the hologram, we use a novel method using L-BFGS with sequential slicing (SS) for partial evaluation of the hologram during optimization that only computes loss for a single slice of the reconstruction at every iteration. We demonstrate that its ability to record curvature information enables L-BFGS to have good quality imbalance suppression under the SS technique.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantiospecific Synthesis of 6‐Substituted N‐Aryl‐1,3‐oxazin‐2‐ones. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Fabrication and operation of polyimide bimorph actuators for a ciliary motion system (1993)

In order to extract macroscopic mechanical work out of microelectromechanical systems, we have proposed the concept of distributed micromotion systems (DMMS). The key idea of DMMS is to coordinate simple motions of many microactuators in order to perform a task. Design, fabrication, and operation of a type of DMMS, called a ciliary motion system, are presented. A bimorph thermal actuator using two types of polyimides with different thermal expansion coefficients and a metallic microheater in between them was fabricated. The cantilever-shaped actuator curled up from the substrate owing to the residual stress in polyimides which built up during the cooling process after they were cured at 350 degrees C. It flattened and moved downward by flowing current in the heater. The dimensions of the cantilever were 500 mu m in length, 100 mu m in width, and 6 mu m in thickness. The tip of the cantilever moved 150 mu m in the direction vertical to the substrate and 80 mu m in the horizontal direction; these were the maximum displacements obtained with 33 mW dissipated in the heater. The cut-off frequency was 10 Hz. On a 1-cm-square substrate, 512 cantilevers were fabricated to form an array. Two sets of cantilevers were placed opposing to each other. We operated them in coordination to mimic the motion and function of cilia and carried a small piece of a silicon wafer (2.4 mg) at 27-500 mu m/s with 4-mW input power to each actuator.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
NEK1 loss-of-function mutation induces DNA damage accumulation in ALS patient-derived motoneurons (2018)

Mutations in genes coding for proteins involved in DNA damage response (DDR) and repair, such as C9orf72 and FUS (Fused in Sarcoma), are associated with neurodegenerative diseases and lead to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in NEK1 (NIMA-related kinase 1) have also been recently found to cause ALS. NEK1 codes for a multifunctional protein, crucially involved in mitotic checkpoint control and DDR. To resolve pathological alterations associated with NEK1 mutation, we compared hiPSC-derived motoneurons carrying a NEK1 mutation with mutant C9orf72 and wild type neurons at basal level and after DNA damage induction. Motoneurons carrying a C9orf72 mutation exhibited cell specific signs of increased DNA damage. This phenotype was even more severe in NEK1<sup>c.2434A>T</sup> neurons that showed significantly increased DNA damage at basal level and impaired DDR after induction of DNA damage in an maturation-dependent manner. Our results provide first mechanistic insight in pathophysiological alterations induced by NEK1 mutations and point to a converging pathomechanism of different gene mutations causative for ALS. Therefore, our study contributes to the development of novel therapeutic strategies to reduce DNA damage accumulation in neurodegenerative diseases and ALS.
Modern Biotechnologies and Mineral Biofortification of Edible Crops (2020)

This chapter explores growing knowledge of the principles regarding the bioavailability and deficiencies of mineral nutrients. It discusses mineral nutrients biofortification of edible crops, focusing on fruits and vegetables. Although more than 20 essential minerals are needed by our body, four are considered to be major: calcium, phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium, while others are considered traces or are needed at very low concentrations; these are iron, copper, zinc, iodine and selenium. Understanding uptake and bioaccumulation processes by edible plants are important because the accumulated nutrients can directly affect an individual's health. However, mineral nutrients are accumulated in different ways and stored in different compartments/organelles by plants species, and are affected by the growing conditions as well as the interactions with other mineral nutrients. Biofortification of crops can take place using modern biotechnology techniques, including transgenesis and genome editing.
An RLC matching network and application in 1-20 GHz monolithic amplifier (2003)

Design equations are derived for an RLC matching network. The equations can be applied in lossy-match MESFET amplifiers to give flat gain and low SWR (standing wave ratio) over wide bandwidths. Experimental results are presented for a monolithic 1-20-GHz amplifier. The theory is useful, in general, for the design of wideband, resistive matching networks for capacitive loads with a small series resistance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A reliable hardware barrier synchronization scheme (2002)

Barrier synchronization is a crucial operation for parallel systems. Many schemes have been proposed in the literature to achieve fast barrier synchronization through software, hardware, or a combination of these mechanisms. However few of these schemes emphasize fault-tolerant barrier operations. In this paper, we describe inexpensive support that can be added to network switches for achieving reliable hardware-based barrier synchronization while recovering from lost or corrupted messages. Necessary modifications to the switch architecture and the associated fault-tolerant message-passing protocols are presented. The protocols are optimized for the no-fault case while providing means to detect the failure of any step of the operation and to recover from it. The proposed scheme shows significant potential for use in parallel systems, especially the emerging systems based on networks of workstations.
Cruciate-retaining Total Knee Arthroplasty at 5 to 7 Years Followup (2005)

Therapeutic study, Level II-2 (poor-quality randomized controlled trial). See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Statistical Concepts for Discrete Event Simulation (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Probability Simulation Basics Input Data Modeling Output Data Analysis Conclusion References
ADP enhances the allosteric activation of eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase by calmodulin (2023)

Protein translation, one of the most energy-consumptive processes in a eukaryotic cell, requires robust regulation, especially under energy-deprived conditions. A critical component of this regulation is the suppression of translational elongation through reduced ribosome association of the GTPase eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF-2) resulting from its specific phosphorylation by the calmodulin (CaM)-activated α-kinase eEF-2 kinase (eEF-2K). It has been suggested that the eEF-2K response to reduced cellular energy levels is indirect and mediated by the universal energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) through direct stimulatory phosphorylation and/or downregulation of the eEF-2K-inhibitory nutrient-sensing mTOR pathway. Here, we provide structural, biochemical, and cell-biological evidence of a direct energy-sensing role of eEF-2K through its stimulation by ADP. A crystal structure of the nucleotide-bound complex between CaM and the functional core of eEF-2K phosphorylated at its primary stimulatory site (T348) reveals ADP bound at a unique pocket located on the face opposite that housing the kinase active site. Within this basic pocket (BP), created at the CaM/eEF-2K interface upon complex formation, ADP is stabilized through numerous interactions with both interacting partners. Biochemical analyses using wild-type eEF-2K and specific BP mutants indicate that ADP stabilizes CaM within the active complex, increasing the sensitivity of the kinase to CaM. Induction of energy stress through glycolysis inhibition results in significantly reduced enhancement of phosphorylated eEF-2 levels in cells expressing ADP-binding compromised BP mutants compared to cells expressing wild-type eEF-2K. These results suggest a direct energy-sensing role for eEF-2K through its cooperative interaction with CaM and ADP.
Le Parti socialiste unifié (2013)

Plus de cinquante ans après sa naissance, en 1960, et vingt-quatre ans après son décès officiel, en 1989, le Parti socialiste unifié nourrit encore la curiosité des historiens. Ce petit parti a laissé l’image d’un « laboratoire d’idées », doté d’une grande influence dans les années 1960 et 1970, et d’une longue postérité jusqu’à nos jours. Pour aller au-delà, ce livre retrace la trajectoire météorique du PSU, de son combat contre la guerre d’Algérie, à son déclin, amorcé, dès 1974, avec le ralliement de Michel Rocard au Parti socialiste, en passant par les barricades de Mai 1968. Ce faisant, il éclaire le rapport du PSU avec les institutions de la Ve République, qui l’ont en quelque sorte étouffé ; montre que son organisation, toujours proche de la balkanisation, a cependant permis, par son ouverture, la socialisation politique de plusieurs générations ; dévoile les multiples facettes de sa culture politique, anticapitaliste, anticolonialiste, anti-impérialiste et antimilitariste ; et, enfin, révèle son épaisseur sociétale. Complexe, l’histoire du PSU est incontournable pour qui veut comprendre l’histoire politique française du second XXe siècle.
New Applications of Dipolar Cycloaddition Chemistry Toward the Synthesis of Heterocycles (1983)

Abstract A new method for the preparation of β ‐lactams has been developed. The protocol involves 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of nitrones with nitro substituted alkenes followed by a subsequent reorganization of the resulting 5‐nitroisoxazolidine isomer. The utilization of α ‐silyl substituted amines as azomethine ylide equivalents has also been explored.