gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Raman analysis of monoclinic Cu2SnS3 thin films (2012)

Secondary phases like Cu2SnS3 are major obstacles for kesterite thin film solar cell applications. We prepare Cu2SnS3 using identical annealing conditions as used for the kesterite films. By x-ray diffraction, the crystal structure of Cu2SnS3 was identified as monoclinic. Polarization-dependent Raman investigations allowed the identification of the dominant peaks at 290 cm−1 and 352 cm−1 with the main A′ symmetry vibrational modes from the monoclinic Cu2SnS3 phase. Furthermore, micro-resolved Raman investigations revealed local variations in the spectra that are attributed to a secondary phase (possibly Cu2Sn3S7). This exemplifies the abilities of micro-resolved Raman measurements in the detection of secondary phases.
First in-Situ Observation of Pseudoliving Character and Active Site of Nd-Based Catalyst for 1,3-Butadiene Polymerization Using Synchrotron X-ray Absorption and UV−Visible Spectroscopies (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTFirst in-Situ Observation of Pseudoliving Character and Active Site of Nd-Based Catalyst for 1,3-Butadiene Polymerization Using Synchrotron X-ray Absorption and UV−Visible SpectroscopiesGwanghoon Kwag, Hosull Lee, and Sunghyun KimView Author Information Kumho Chemical Laboratories, Korea Kumho Petrochemical Co., P.O. Box 64, Yuseong, Taejon 305-600, Korea, and Department of Chemistry, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea Cite this: Macromolecules 2001, 34, 16, 5367–5369Publication Date (Web):July 3, 2001Publication History Received12 February 2001Revised30 May 2001Published online3 July 2001Published inissue 1 July 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma010264lhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma010264lrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views430Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Absorption,Catalysts,Extended X-ray absorption fine structure,X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy,X-ray absorption spectroscopy Get e-Alerts
Visualisation of plasmid replication intermediates containing reversed forks (2000)

Blockage of replication forks can have deleterious consequences for the cell as it may prompt premature termination of DNA replication. Moreover, the blocked replication intermediate (RI) could be particularly sensitive to recombination processes. We analysed the different populations of RIs generated in vivo in the bacterial plasmid pPI21 after pausing of replication forks at the inversely oriented ColE1 origin. To achieve this goal, a new method was developed based on two-dimensional agarose gel electrophoresis. This method allows the isolation of specific RIs, even when they were rather scarce, from the total DNA. Here we describe the occurrence of RI restriction fragments containing reversed forks. These Holliday-like structures have been postulated but never observed before.
Chicago Classification update (v4.0): Technical review of high‐resolution manometry metrics for EGJ barrier function (2021)

Esophagogastric junction (EGJ) barrier function is of fundamental importance in the pathophysiology of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Impaired EGJ barrier function leads to excessive distal esophageal acid exposure or, in severe cases, esophagitis. Hence, proposed high-resolution manometry (HRM) metrics assessing EGJ integrity are clinically important and were a focus of the Chicago Classification (CC) working group for inclusion in CC v4.0. However, the EGJ is a complex sphincter comprised of both crural diaphragm (CD) and lower esophageal sphincter (LES) component, each of which is subject to independent physiological control mechanisms and pathophysiology. No single metric can capture all attributes of EGJ barrier function. The working group considered several potential metrics of EGJ integrity including LES-CD separation, the EGJ contractile integral (EGJ-CI), the respiratory inversion point (RIP), and intragastric pressure. Strong recommendations were made regarding LES-CD separation as indicative of hiatus hernia, although the numerical threshold for defining hiatal hernia was not agreed upon. There was no agreement on the significance of the RIP, only that it could localize either above the LES or between the LES and CD in cases of hiatus hernia. There was agreement on how to measure the EGJ-CI and that it should be referenced to gastric pressure in units of mmHg cm, but the numerical threshold indicative of a hypotensive EGJ varied widely among reports and was not agreed upon. Intragastric pressure was endorsed as an important metric worthy of further study but there was no agreement on a numerical threshold indicative of abdominal obesity.
The development of the foetal thyroid: in utero ultrasonographic measurements (1998)

The present data offer normative measurements of the foetal thyroid that may facilitate the prenatal diagnosis of foetal goitre and make early administration of in utero treatment possible.
Sedationless upper endoscopy. (2006)

The use of sedation with peroral passage of conventionally sized endoscopes for upper endoscopy is the standard practice for most endoscopists in the United States. The administration of sedatives requires time-consuming and resource-intensive patient monitoring, has substantial cost, and can produce side effects and rare complications. Ultra-thin videoendoscopes (outer diameter less than 6 mm) have been developed, can easily be passed transorally or transnasally without sedation, and have been shown to be well tolerated and accurate. Unsedated upper endoscopy can provide an efficient, cost-effective alternative to standard endoscopy, should be useful for endoscopic screening, and can be offered as an option to conventional sedated examination.
Nonesterified Fatty Acids and Depression in Cancer Patients and Caregivers (2020)

An unexpected negative association between elaidic acid and depression was identified, supporting recent literature on the role of G protein-coupled receptors in depression. Further research is needed to confirm this result and to evaluate the potential role of G protein agonists as therapeutic agents for depression in cancer patients.
Isolation of a DNA sequence (λEMBL 3.93, D9S37) from chromosome 9cen-qter detecting polymorphisms withTaqI andMspI (1989)

single copy clone in EMBL3 from a complete BamHI digest of DNA from the human lymphoblastoid cell line, Mann.
Performance Analysis of Classification Algorithms for Millimeter-wave Imaging (2022)

A detailed analysis of the performance of traditional machine learning and deep learning techniques applied on a representative classification problem of millimeter-wave (mmW) images is presented in this paper. The algorithms chosen for this analysis are the k-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Random Forest (RF) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). All algorithms presented here are modeled using ‘keras’ library inside TensorFlow and ‘scikit-learn’ module. The dataset for training and testing are generated via a developed near-field coded aperture computational imaging (CI) physical model. The use of a physical model of an imaging system that implements CI techniques instead of an experimental set-up makes the whole dataset generation process facile and less time consuming. The training data, in case of the RF and KNN algorithms, are presented in tabular form whereas for the CNN technique, the synthesized images from the physical model itself are used for training. The models are tested with both synthesized as well as experimental data, generated from the physical model and a mmW handheld imager, respectively. Upon testing, it is observed that the KNN and RF algorithms are able to classify the test samples with accuracies of 82% and 87%, respectively, whereas an accuracy of 90% is observed in case of the CNN classifier. Also, an inference speed test is conducted on all the three algorithms. It was observed that CNN is the fastest to predict classes for all of the test samples with a frame rate of 3.8 ms/sample whereas RF is the slowest, with a frame rate of 65.9 ms/sample. These findings establish the fact that when it comes to image classification, CNN based classifiers perform better than any traditional machine learning algorithms with more accurate and faster predictions, paving the way for various real-time applications such as automatic threat detection.
Perfecting the Solid State (1992)

This article reviews published data on the mechanical properties of additively manufactured metallic materials. The additive manufacturing techniques utilized to generate samples covered in this review include powder bed fusion (e.g., EBM, SLM, DMLS) and ...Read More
Noise modelling of wing-in-junction flows (2013)

It is important to be able to accurately model the flow and noise generated by wing-in-junction flows because of the many engineering applications in which these flows occur. An incompressible Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulation of a wing-in-junction flow test case was used with a combination of statistical and semianalytical acoustic models to predict the far-field noise. These noise predictions were compared with experimental measurements taken in an anechoic wind tunnel. The RANS-based noise prediction models were found to achieve good agreement with experimental data.
A phase II evaluation of bacillus calmette‐guerin plus megestrol acetate in patients with metastatic renal adenocarcinoma (1977)

The case is reported of a patient with pulmonary metastases from a renal adenocarcinoma who experienced subjective improvement and objective tumor regression on Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) and megestrol acetate therapy. In a subsequent Phase II trial, no objective responses were noted among 15 patients treated with megestrol acetate (160 mg/day X 56 days) and BCG (five immunizing doses intradermally, every 2 weeks X 5). It is concluded that this treatment regimen is not clinically useful in patients with metastatic renal adenocarcinoma.
Comparison of sources of boron, phosphorus, and arsenic ions (1973)

A number of boron, phosphorus, and arsenic compounds, viz., B2H6, B10H14, B3N3H6, B2S3, BF3, BCl3, BBr3, BI3, HBO2, P, PH3, PF3, PF5, PCl3, POCl3, P2O5, As, AsH3, AsF3, AsCl3, and As2O5, are compared as sources of boron, phosphorus, and arsenic ion beams in a hot-filament electron-impact or oscillating-electron-discharge (OED) ion source. Performance comparison data, including the percentage of B+, P+, P2+, P+2, As+, As2+ and As+2 in the total beam and the maximum ion currents observed at the target of a 150-kV ion implantation system, are given for a common set of source and system conditions. BF3 and BCl3 are evaluated as the first and second best materials for B+, with any other compound providing only a poor third choice. The pure elements P and As provide large currents of both monatomic and diatomic ions and have no other interfering ion components. PH3 is a good source of P+ but has strong nearby hydride ions. The fluorides of P and As provide good currents of monatomic ions and have proved convenient to use.
cis-Acting sequences required for light-responsive expression of the psbDII gene in Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7942 (1997)

We analyzed the sequences required for promoter activity and high-light responsiveness of the psbDII gene in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7942 by using transcriptional fusions to a lacZ reporter gene. The basal promoter drives high constitutive expression, although no canonical -35 element is evident. The smallest fragment that showed clear light-responsive expression extends from -38 to +160, which includes 52 bp of the psbDII open reading frame. Sequences downstream from the promoter, within the untranslated leader region from +11 to +24, were required for high-light induction.
Should a Woman Age 70 to 80 Years Receive Radiation After Breast-Conserving Surgery? (2013)

Case 1: A 72-year-old woman presents with a palpable mass detected during yearly physical examination by her primary care physician. She has controlled hypertension and remains active, playing tennis three times a week. Physical examination reveals a 1.5 cm mass in the upper outer quadrant of the left breast with no palpable axillary lymphadenopathy. Diagnostic imaging reveals a suspicious mass, and core biopsy confirms invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) that is estrogen receptor moderately positive (60%), progesterone receptor negative and Her2-neu that is not overexpressed. She undergoes a wide local excision and sentinel node biopsy. Pathology reveals a 1.5 cm IDC that is high grade without lymphovascular invasion (LVI). The margins are negative with the closest laterally at 2 mm. One sentinel node is negative for metastasis. Case 2: A 72-year-old woman presents with an abnormal screening mammogram that shows a small area of architectural distortion in the upper outer quadrant of the left breast (Fig 1). She is a former smoker with mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and has mild to moderately symptomatic osteoarthritis managed with a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent. She remains active and independent. Physical examination reveals neither palpable breast mass nor axillary lymphadenopathy. Diagnostic ultrasound confirms a 1.8 cm mass, and core biopsy reveals IDC that is estrogen and progesterone receptor strongly positive (> 90%) and Her2-neu that is not overexpressed. She undergoes a wide local excision and sentinel node biopsy. Pathology reveals a 1.9 cm IDC that is low grade. The margins are widely negative at > 5 mm and there is no LVI. One sentinel node is negative for metastasis.
Use Of Temperature Data in Gas Well Tests (1999)

Abstract In theory, both build-up and draw-down pressure transients can be analyzed in gas well tests. Quite frequently, only build-up pressure data is usable as the draw-down data can be quite noisy. Draw-down pressure data is often strongly affected by flow rate changes, which can only be roughly estimated in the absence of down-hole flow rate recording. Heavy data filtering can sometimes help, but such filtering can mask important reservoir features such as boundaries and double porosity. Modern well test gauges can measure temperature as accurately as pressure. Use of these temperature measurements is typically limited to correction or calibration of the raw pressure signal. Less commonly, temperature readings are used to explain anomalous pressure trends or to estimate static and flowing bottom hole temperatures. In addition to reviewing the more classical uses of temperature in wells, this work provides a new use of transient temperature data to yield valuable information in gas well tests. It presents a novel approach for estimating the down-hole flow rate from flowing temperature measurements. This is possible because the temperature departure is intimately linked to pressure, fluid composition, and fluid velocity changes. Since down hole pressure is continuously measured and fluid composition can be quantified, an estimated down-hole flow rate can be generated. This flow rate can be used to deconvolve the draw down pressure data, and the results can be compared to pressure build-up analysis results.
Data from Identification of Potential Serum Biomarkers of Glioblastoma: Serum Osteopontin Levels Correlate with Poor Prognosis (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Background:&lt;/b&gt; The aim of this study is to identify serum biomarkers with classification and prognosis utility for astrocytoma, in particular glioblastoma (GBM).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Methods:&lt;/b&gt; Our previous glioma microarray database was mined to identify genes that encode secreted or membrane-localized proteins. Subsequent analysis was done using significant analysis of microarrays, followed by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and immunohistochemical validation in tumor tissues, ELISA and Western blot validation in sera, and correlation with survival of GBM patients.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Significant analysis of microarrays identified 31 upregulated and 3 downregulated genes specifically in GBMs. RT-qPCR validation on an independent set of samples confirmed the GBM-specific differential expression of several genes, including three upregulated (&lt;i&gt;CALU, CXCL9&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;TIMP1&lt;/i&gt;) and two downregulated (&lt;i&gt;GPX3&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;TIMP3&lt;/i&gt;) novel genes. With respect to osteopontin (OPN), we show the GBM-specific upregulation by RT-qPCR and immunohistochemical staining of tumor tissues. Elevated serum OPN levels in GBM patients were also shown by ELISA and Western blot. GBM patients with high serum OPN levels had poorer survival than those with low serum OPN levels (median survival 9 versus 22 months respectively; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.0001). Further, we also show high serum TIMP1 levels in GBM patients compared with grade II/III patients by ELISA and downregulation of serum GPX3 and TIMP3 proteins in GBMs compared with normal control by Western blot analysis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Several novel potential serum biomarkers of GBM are identified and validated. High serum OPN level is found as a poor prognostic indicator in GBMs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Impact:&lt;/b&gt; Identified serum biomarkers may have potential utility in astrocytoma classification and GBM prognosis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(6); 1409–22. ©2010 AACR.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Engineering the functional fitness of transglycosidases and glycosynthases by directed evolution (2011)

The artificial implementation of the Darwinian theory of evolution to create new variants of functional proteins, a process referred to as directed evolution, has acquired many applications in biochemical engineering. Directed evolution is a handy tool in the nascent science of glycobiology, where it is used in the conversion of glycosyl hydrolases into transglycosidases or for improving the transglycosylation behaviour of glycosynthases. This review focuses on recent applications of the directed evolution approach to harness the transglycosidase potential of glycosidases and to enhance the functional fitness of glycosynthases. Key words : Directed evolution, transglycosidases, glycosidases,  glycosynthases, oligosaccharides.
Treatment for rheumatoid arthritis and the risk of hospitalization for pneumonia: Associations with prednisone, disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs, and anti–tumor necrosis factor therapy (2006)

Abstract Objective Pneumonia is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study was undertaken to determine the rate and predictors of hospitalization for pneumonia and the extent to which specific RA treatments increase pneumonia risk. Methods RA patients (n = 16,788) were assessed semiannually for 3.5 years. Pneumonia was confirmed by medical records or detailed patient interview. Covariates included RA severity measures, diabetes, pulmonary disease, and myocardial infarction. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to determine the multivariable risk associated with RA treatments. Results After adjustment for covariates, prednisone use increased the risk of pneumonia hospitalization (hazard ratio [HR] 1.7 [95% confidence interval 1.5–2.0]), including a dose‐related increase in risk (≤5mg/day HR 1.4 [95% confidence interval 1.1–1.6], &gt;5–10 mg/day HR 2.1 [95% confidence interval 1.7–2.7], &gt;10 mg/day HR 2.3 [95% confidence interval 1.6–3.2]). Leflunomide also increased the risk (HR 1.2 [95% confidence interval 1.0–1.5]). HRs for etanercept (0.8 [95% confidence interval 0.6–110]) and sulfasalazine (0.7 [95% confidence interval 0.5–1.0]) did not reflect an increased risk of pneumonia. HRs for infliximab, adalimumab, and methotrexate were not significantly different from zero. Conclusion There is a dose‐related relationship between prednisone use and pneumonia risk in RA. No increase in risk was found for anti–tumor necrosis factor therapy or methotrexate. These data call into question the belief that low‐dose prednisone is safe. Because corticosteroid use is common in RA, the results of this study suggest that prednisone exposure may have important public health consequences.
Tumor image extraction from fluoroscopy for a markerless lung tumor motion tracking and prediction (2012)

We develop a markerless tumor motion tracking technique for accurate and safer image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT). The technique is implemented based on a new image model of the moving tumor and the background structure in an x-ray fluorocopic image sequence. By using the technique, the moving tumor image can be extracted from the sequential fluoroscopic images. The extraction from the fluoroscopy is obviously ill- posed, but we have suggested that it can be regularized into a well-posed problem by temporally accumulating constraints that must be satisfied by the extracted tumor image and the background. In this paper, the effect of the tumor extraction and motion of both the tumor and background in the image model is extensively studied on the tracking accuracy. The tracking accuracy of the proposed method with extraction of both the moving tumor and background was within $0.2$ mm of the spatial resolution for a phantom dataset. The accuracy within 1 mm can be clinically sufficient and is superior to the results by the previous method with extraction model of only the moving tumor and by a conventional method without extraction. Thus, the results clearly demonstrate the efficiency and usefulness of the proposed extraction model for the IGRT.
Visualizing coherent phonon propagation in the 100 GHz range: A broadband picosecond acoustics approach (2011)

Building on a 1 kHz amplified Ti:sapphire laser source, we developed a novel pump-probe setup for broadband picosecond acoustics using a white-light continuum probe coupled to an optical multichannel analyzer. The system allows one to access, in a single measurement, acoustic parameters such as sound velocity and attenuation all over the bandwidth of the acoustic wave-packet launched by the pump pulse. We use the setup to measure the sound attenuation in fused silica and observe a dynamic crossover occurring at ≈170 GHz. © 2011 American Institute of Physics.
Sensor Placement for Angular Velocity Determination (2005)

Velocity transducer placement to uniquely determine the angular velocity of a rigid body is investigated. The angular velocity of a rigid body can be determined with no fewer than five properly placed velocity transducers, if no other types of sensors are present and no algebraic constraint equation involving the angular velocity vector can be written. Complete characterization of the velocity of a rigid body requires six transducers. Choice of transducer placement and orientation requires care, as suboptimal transducer placement can result in data from which the determination of a unique angular velocity vector is impossible. Conditions for successful transducer placement are established, and two examples of adequate transducer placement are presented: an Earth-penetrating projectile, and a bioengineering device for the measurement of head motion.