gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Soluble ST2 as a Potential Biomarker for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms—A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study (2022)

The maximal aortic diameter is the only clinically applied predictor of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) progression and indicator for surgical repair. Circulating biomarkers resulting from AAA pathogenesis are attractive candidates for the diagnosis and prognosis of aneurysmal disease. Due to the reported role of interleukin 33 in AAA development, we investigated the corresponding circulating receptor molecules of soluble suppression of tumorigenesis 2 (sST2) in AAA patients regarding their marker potential in diagnosis and prognosis. We conducted a single-center retrospective cohort study in a diagnostic setting, measuring the circulating serum sST2 protein levels of 47 AAA patients under surveillance, matched with 25 peripheral artery disease (PAD) patients and 25 healthy controls. In a prognostic setting, we analyzed the longitudinal monitoring data of 50 monitored AAA patients. Slow versus fast AAA progression was defined as a <2 or ≥2 mm increase in AAA diameter over 6 months and a <4 or ≥4 mm increase over 12 months. Additionally, the association of circulating serum sST2 and AAA growth was investigated using a specifically tailored log-linear mixed model. Serum sST2 concentrations were significantly increased in AAA patients compared with healthy individuals: the median of AAA patient cohort was 112.72 ng/mL (p = 0.025) and that of AAA patient cohort 2 was 14.32 ng/mL (p = 0.039) versus healthy controls (8.82 ng/mL). Likewise, PAD patients showed significantly elevated sST2 protein levels compared with healthy controls (the median was 12.10 ng/mL; p = 0.048) but similar concentrations to AAA patients. Additionally, sST2 protein levels were found to be unsuited to identifying fast AAA progression over short-term periods of 6 or 12 months, which was confirmed by a log-linear mixed model. In conclusion, the significantly elevated protein levels of sST2 detected in patients with vascular disease may be useful in the early diagnosis of AAA but cannot distinguish between AAA and PAD or predict AAA progression.
ChemInform Abstract: Transformation of Cycloartanyl Acetate into B‐Homo Triterpenoids. (1988)

Abstract Ozonolysis of cycloartanyl acetate (I) yields the hydroxycycloartanone (II), together with the known ketone (III).
A PROTOZOÖN GENERAL INFECTION PRODUCING PSEUDOTUBERCLES IN THE LUNGS AND FOCAL NECROSES IN THE LIVER, SPLEEN AND LYMPHNODES. (1906)

On Dec. 7, 1905, while examining smears from the lungs, spleen and bone marrow in a case that appeared to be miliary tuberculosis of the lungs, I found enor- mous numbers of small bodies generally oval or round.Most of them were intracellular in alveolar epithelial cells, while others appeared to be free in the plasma of the spleen and rib marrow.Tubercle bacilli were absent.The following is an account of the case:Patient.\p=m-\C.D., negro from Martinique, aged 27, occupa- tion carpenter; address, Paraiso, a village in the Canal Zone.History.\p=m-\Thepatient had been a resident of the zone three months.While in Martinique he had suffered from some mental disturbance.His present illness dates from Sept. 15, 1905, when he complained of fever and vomiting.Condition on Admission to Hospital.\p=m-\OnenteringAncon Hospital Dec. 5, 1905, he was mildly delirious and incoherent.Lungs were clear; abdomen was scaphoid; spleen was en- larged.Blood: Negative for malarial parasites, leucocytosis, 2200.Hemoglobin: 60 per cent.(Dare's).
Temperature effects on quartz-crystal surface-wave oscillators (1977)

A theoretical study of the temperature frequency dependence of a quartz-crystal oscillator using surface-wave delay lines is performed and enables one to obtain the first- and second-order frequency temperature coefficients. These theoretical results are in agreement with the corresponding available experimental values, corresponding to ST and Y cuts. A new zero first-order temperature coefficient cut is presented.
Flow effects in the laser-induced thermal loading of optical traps and optofluidic devices (2014)

Flow effects on the thermal loading in different optofluidic systems (optical trap and various microfluidic channels) have been systematically explored by using dye-based ratiometric luminescence thermometry. Thermal images obtained by fluorescence microscopy demonstrate that the flow rate plays a key role in determining both the magnitude of the laser-induced temperature increment and its spatial distribution. Numerical simulations were performed in the case of the optical trap. A good agreement between the experimental results and those predicted by mathematical modelling was observed. It has also been found that the dynamics of thermal loading is strongly influenced by the presence of fluid flow.
Neuroprotective Factors Secreted by U‐87 Astrocytoma (Astrocytes‐Like) Cells and Their Associated Metabolic Adaptation (2010)

Astrocytes can and do exert neuroprotective effects on their surrounding neurons both in vivo and in vitro. Our previously observation that U‐87 astrocytoma (astrocytes‐like) cells protect neuroblastoma SK‐N‐SH (neurons‐like) cells against neurodegenerative assaults in co‐cultures prompted us to hypothesize U‐87 cells release neuroprotective factors into the medium and protect neurons by scavenging extracellular glutamate and modulating glutamate‐glutamine cycling. To test this hypothesis, we developed a model using U‐87 cells, stage‐wise deprived them of fetal bovine serum, and then treated them with or without pioglitazone for 24 hours. We then collected the medium (“defined conditioned medium”) the U‐87 cells were in. Then we determined the effects of the media on survival of SK‐N‐SH (neurons‐like) cells. Our results indicated that the survival rates of SK‐N‐SH cells when exposed to the conditioned media were higher than those of untreated SK‐N‐SH cells. We noted U‐87 cells appeared to release glia derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) into the medium. Moreover, in exerting their protective effect, U‐87 cells seemed to alter their protein expression of glutamine synthetase (GS) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) when exposed to various stresses. Thus, the results of our studies further elucidate the mechanisms of neuroprotection of astrocytes‐like U‐87 cells and astrocytes in general.
A new fluorescence-based method for characterizing in vitro aerosol exposure systems (2016)

Knowledge of how an in vitro aerosol exposure system delivers a test aerosols to the biological test system is among the most crucial prerequisites for the interpretation of exposure experiments and relies on detailed exposure system characterization. Although various methods for this purpose exist, many of them are time consuming, require extensive instrumentation, or offer only limited ability to assess the performance of the system under experimental settings. We present the development and evaluation of a new, highly robust and sensitive fluorometry-based method for assessing the particle size specific delivery of liquid aerosols. Glycerol aerosols of different mean particle sizes and narrow size distributions, carrying the fluorophore disodium fluorescein, were generated in a condensation monodisperse aerosol generator. Their detailed characterization confirmed their stability and the robustness and reproducibility of their generation. Test exposures under relevant experimental settings in the Vitrocell<sup>®</sup> 24/48 aerosol exposure system further confirmed their feasibility for simulating exposures and the high sensitivity of the method. Potential applications of the presented method range from the experimental confirmation of computationally simulated particle dynamics, over the characterization of in vitro aerosol exposure systems, to the detailed description of aerosol delivery in test systems of high complexity.
Mechanism of protective function of taurine in neurons and PC 12 cells (2010)

Recently, we have shown that taurine could protect cultured neurons from glutamate‐induced neuronal injury by several related mechanisms including inhibiting calcium channels, inhibiting calpain, shifting the ratio of Bcl‐2 and Bax in favor of anti‐apoptosis (J. Neurosci. Res. 87: 1185‐1194, 2009). Furthermore, taurine also exerts protective function against oxidative stress in PC 12 cells. It was found that at 500uM H2O2, the cell viability of PC 12 cells was restored from 20% to more than 80% by taurine at 25 mM. Treatment with taurine restored the H2O2‐induced reduction of expression of Bcl‐2 close to the control level without any significant effect on Bax. In addition, taurine was also found to restore the change of H2O2‐induced alteration of GRP78 and GADD153/CHOP, two marker proteins of ER stress, to the control level suggesting that taurine may also exert protective function against oxidative stress by reducing the ER stress. In summary, taurine appears to exert its protective function against oxidative stress by shifting the ratio of Bcl 2 and Bax in favor of anti‐apoptosis and also protect the integrity of the ER system. In conclusion, taurine exerts its protective function through at least: 1. Lowing the intracellular free calcium level; 2. Inhibiting calpain activity and hence increase the ratio of Bcl‐2/Bax in favor of anti‐apoptosis; 3. Protecting the integrity of ER and mitochondria.
Reconstitution of the NF-κB System inSaccharomyces cerevisiae for Isolation of Effectors by Phenotype Modulation (1997)

NF-kappa B is a ubiquitous transcription factor that contributes to the induction of many genes playing a central role in immune and inflammatory responses. The NF-kappa B proteins are subject to multiple regulatory influences including post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation and proteolytic processing. A very important component of this regulation is the control of their subcellular localization: cytoplasmic retention of NF-kappa B is achieved through interaction with I kappa B molecules. In response to extracellular signals, these molecules undergo degradation, NF-kappa B translocates to the nucleus and activates its target genes. To investigate novel proteins involved in this dynamic response, we have reconstituted the NF-kappa B/I kappa Beta system in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We have successively introduced p65, the main transcriptional activator of the NF-kappa B family, which leads to the activation of two reporter genes controlled by kappa B sites, and the I kappa B alpha inhibitory protein, which abolishes this activation. By transforming such a yeast strain with a cDNA library we have performed a genetic screen for cDNAs encoding proteins capable of either dissociating the p65/I kappa B alpha complex or directly transactivating the expression of the reporter genes. The efficiency of our screen was demonstrated by the isolation of a cDNA encoding the p105 precursor of the p50 subunit of NF-kappa B. We also used this system to test stimuli known to activate signalling pathways in yeast, in order to investigate whether the related mammalian cascades might be involved in NF-kappa B activation. We showed that yeast endogenous kinase cascades activated by pheromone, hypo- or hyperosmotic shock cannot modulate NF-kappa B activity in our system, and that the p38 human MAP kinase does not act directly on the p65/I kappa B alpha complex.
Uniform State Antitrust Act: Toward Creation of a National Antitrust Policy (1963)

The National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws, along with the American Bar Association, is now considering a
Determining the mechanical properties of a radiochromic silicone-based 3D dosimeter (2017)

New treatment modalities in radiotherapy (RT) enable delivery of highly conformal dose distributions in patients. This creates a need for precise dose verification in three dimensions (3D). A radiochromic silicone-based 3D dosimetry system has recently been developed. Such a dosimeter can be used for dose verification in deformed geometries, which requires knowledge of the dosimeter's mechanical properties. In this study we have characterized the dosimeter's elastic behaviour under tensile and compressive stress. In addition, the dose response under strain was determined. It was found that the dosimeter behaved as an incompressible hyperelastic material with a non-linear stress/strain curve and with no observable hysteresis or plastic deformation even at high strains. The volume was found to be constant within a 2% margin at deformations up to 60%. Furthermore, it was observed that the dosimeter returned to its original geometry within a 2% margin when irradiated under stress, and that the change in optical density per centimeter was constant regardless of the strain during irradiation. In conclusion, we have shown that this radiochromic silicone-based dosimeter's mechanical properties make it a viable candidate for dose verification in deformable 3D geometries.
A Different Method to Evaluate the Intact Stability of Floating Structures (1983)

A mathematical formulation of a computer-based method to evaluate the intact stability of floating structures is presented. The technique depends on describing the surface of the structure in terms of many small finite elements, which allows the analysis of complicated hull geometry, determining the hydrostatic pressure on each element for a known heel angle, and integrating the pressure forces to find the magnitude, direction, and line of action of the buoyant force. This will result in the correct location of the metacenter for small, as well as large, angles of heel. For structures of variable cross section, the position of the heeled vessel in equilibrium is defined such that the weight is balanced by the buoyant force, and only a pure righting moment associated with the heeling angle is evaluated. Formulation for the wind heeling moment is also presented. Assessment of the stability of the vessel is made from the righting and heeling moment curves in light of regulatory body rules.
Analysis of high impedance faults using fractal techniques (2002)

Phase currents and voltages in a power distribution system change with a certain degree of chaos when high impedance faults (HIFs) occur. This paper describes application of the concepts of fractal geometry to analyze chaotic properties of high impedance faults. Root-mean-square rather that instantaneous values of currents are used for characterization of temporal system behavior; this results in relatively short time-series available for analysis. An algorithm is presented for pattern recognition and detection of HIFs; it is based on techniques suited for analysis of relatively small data sets. Examples are given to illustrate the ability of this approach to discriminate between faults and other transients in a power system.
Robustness of nanotube electronic transport to conformational deformations (2005)

We present experimental observation and theoretical analysis of looping carbon nanotubes connecting two electrodes. The measured conductance of the nanotubes is not strongly affected by the presence of these conformational defects, a result that is confirmed by quantum transport calculations. Our work indicates that solution-based fabrication methods for carbon nanotube devices can have high conformational defect tolerance, except for defects with 5–10nanometer bending radius.
A State-of-the-Art Review on Advanced Joining Processes for Metal-Composite and Metal-Polymer Hybrid Structures (2021)

Multi-materials of metal-polymer and metal-composite hybrid structures (MMHSs) are highly demanded in several fields including land, air and sea transportation, infrastructure construction, and healthcare. The adoption of MMHSs in transportation industries represents a pivotal opportunity to reduce the product's weight without compromising structural performance. This enables a dramatic reduction in fuel consumption for vehicles driven by internal combustion engines as well as an increase in fuel efficiency for electric vehicles. The main challenge for manufacturing MMHSs lies in the lack of robust joining solutions. Conventional joining processes, e.g., mechanical fastening and adhesive bonding involve several issues. Several emerging technologies have been developed for MMHSs' manufacturing. Different from recently published review articles where the focus is only on specific categories of joining processes, this review is aimed at providing a broader and systematic view of the emerging opportunities for hybrid thin-walled structure manufacturing. The present review paper discusses the main limitations of conventional joining processes and describes the joining mechanisms, the main differences, advantages, and limitations of new joining processes. Three reference clusters were identified: fast mechanical joining processes, thermomechanical interlocking processes, and thermomechanical joining processes. This new classification is aimed at providing a compass to better orient within the broad horizon of new joining processes for MMHSs with an outlook for future trends.
Serotonergic projections from nucleus raphe pallidus to rostral ventrolateral medulla participate in acupuncture modulation of cardiovascular excitatory reflexes (2007)

Somatic afferent stimulation during electroacupuncture (EA) at P5–6 (over median nerves) inhibits pressor reflexes. The present study examined the role of nucleus raphe pallidus (NRP) and its synaptic input on neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (rVLM) during EA. We have shown that EA activates NRP serotonergic (5HT) neurons. Since 5HT NRP neurons are known to project to the rVLM, we hypothesized that the NRP facilitates EA inhibition of cardiovascular sympathoexcitatory reflex responses through a 5HT 1A mechanism in the rVLM. Heart rate and blood pressure (BP) were monitored in anesthetized and ventilated cats. Bradykinin application on the gallbladder (GB) induced consistent pressor reflexes averaging 39±01 mmHg in 5 cats. EA reduced the BP responses from 36±4 to 17±8 mmHg in 5 cats. Inactivation of NRP with kainic acid (1 mM, 50 nl) in 4 animals immediately reversed the EA‐induced reflex attenuation from 23±4 to 43±9 mmHg. 5HT 1A receptor blockade in the rVLM with WAY‐100635 (1 mM, 75 nl) reversed the EA BP inhibition from 17±3 to 31±5 mmHg in 4 cats. In the absence of EA, NRP injection of DLH (to mimic EA) reduced the GB BP reflex response from 40±8 to 19±5 mmHg. Likewise, 5HT 1A receptor blockade in the rVLM reversed the DLH NRP‐evoked BP inhibition from 19±5 to 33±7 mmHg in 4 cats. Thus, activation of 5HT neurons in the NRP during EA‐somatic stimulation attenuates sympathoexcitatory responses through 5HT 1A receptor activation in the rVLM. Supported by HL‐63313 and HL‐72125.
[Preparation of solid lipid nanoparticles loaded with all-trans retinoic acid and their evaluation in vitro and in vivo]. (2005)

The ultrasonic technique was appropriate for the preparation of solid lipid nanoparticles.
Coalition-Assisted Resource Allocation for Large-Scale Cooperative Networks (2011)

This paper considers the problem of resource allocation for a large-scale wireless network consisting of multiple amplify-and-forward cooperative systems. The traditional competitive design leads to a network collapse where every system obtains almost zero throughput. We resolve this issue by resorting to the novel economic model of coalition formation with externalities by first letting the systems (modeled as players) self-organize into mutually beneficial coalitions, followed by a sequential non-cooperative game with improved player profiles. The results on the two-player game has been generalized to the case of an arbitrary number of players, incorporating additional peak power constraints as well. The uniqueness of the Nash equilibrium is proved analytically. Simulation results show that the proposed method improves the sum rate over 200% relative to the non-cooperative case due to improved frequency reuse.
Order–disorder twinning model and stacking faults in α-NTO (2006)

Crystals of the recently published [Bolotina, Kirschbaum & Pinkerton (2005). Acta Cryst. B61, 577-584] triclinic (P\overline1) structure of 5-nitro-2,4-dihydro-1,2,4-triazol-3-one (alpha-NTO) occur as fourfold twins. There are Z' = 4 independent molecules per asymmetric unit. We show that the structure contains layers with 2-periodic layer-group symmetry p2(1)/b 1 (1). This symmetry is lost through the stacking of the layers, which is a possible explanation for Z' = 4. A layer can assume four different but equivalent positions with respect to its nearest neighbor. Twinning arises through stacking faults and is an instructive example of the application of order-disorder theory using local symmetry operations. The near-neighbor relations between molecules remain unchanged through all twin boundaries. The four structures with maximum degree of order, one of which is the observed one, and the family reflections common to all domains are identified. Rods of weak diffuse scattering confirm the stacking model.
Review: Smooth-muscle relaxants improve symptoms and reduce pain in the irritable bowel syndrome (2001)

Source Citation Poynard T, Regimbeau C, Benhamou Y. Meta-analysis of smooth muscle relaxants in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2001 Feb;15:355-61. 11207510 (All 2001 articles were reviewed for relevancy, and abstracts were last revised in 2007.)
Human Adipose Tissue Micro-fragmentation for Cell Phenotyping and Secretome Characterization (2019)

In the past decade, adipose tissue transplants have been widely used in plastic surgery and orthopaedics to enhance tissue repletion and/or regeneration. Accordingly, techniques for harvesting and processing human adipose tissue have evolved in order to quickly and efficiently obtain large amounts of tissue. Among these, the closed system technology represents an innovative and easy-to-use system to harvest, process, and re-inject refined fat tissue in a short time and in the same intervention (intra-operatively). Adipose tissue is collected by liposuction, washed, emulsified, rinsed and minced mechanically into cell clusters of 0.3 to 0.8 mm. Autologous transplantation of mechanically fragmented adipose tissue has shown remarkable efficacy in different therapeutic indications such as aesthetic medicine and surgery, orthopedic and general surgery. Characterization of micro-fragmented adipose tissue revealed the presence of intact small vessels within the adipocyte clusters; hence, the perivascular niche is left unperturbed. These clusters are enriched in perivascular cells (i.e., mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) ancestors) and in vitro analysis showed an increased release of growth factors and cytokines involved in tissue repair and regeneration, compared to enzymatically derived MSCs. This suggests that the superior therapeutic potential of microfragmented adipose tissue is explained by a higher frequency of presumptive MSCs and enhanced secretory activity. Whether these added pericytes directly contribute to higher growth factor and cytokine production is not known. This clinically approved procedure allows the transplantation of presumptive MSCs without the need for expansion and/or enzymatic treatment, thus bypassing the requirements of GMP guidelines, and reducing the costs for cell-based therapies.