gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular defects of factor IX Chicago-2 (Arg 145----His) and prothrombin Madrid (Arg 271----cys): arginine mutations that preclude zymogen activation (1989)

Factor IX Chicago-2 and prothrombin Madrid were purified from patients with hemophilia B and congenital dysprothrombinemia, respectively. Each protein displays defects in zymogen activation secondary to the failure to cleave one of the sessile bonds whose cleavage is necessary for full coagulant activity. These proteins were isolated by immunoaffinity chromatography using conformation-specific antibodies directed at either factor IX or prothrombin. Factor IX Chicago-2 is cleaved abnormally by factor XIa, yielding a pattern consistent with the failure to cleave the sessile bond between Arg 145 and Ala 146. Prothrombin Madrid is cleaved abnormally by factor Xa, yielding a pattern consistent with the failure to cleave the sessile bond between Arg 271 and Thr 272. Peptide mapping was performed on reduced and alkylated factor IX, factor IX Chicago-2, prothrombin, and prothrombin Madrid, and the hydrolysates were separated by high-performance liquid chromatography. The mutant peptide in factor IX Chicago-2 was identified by automated Edman degradation as residues 143 through 188 of factor IX, and had a histidine substituted for arginine at residue 145. The mutant peptide identified in prothrombin Madrid corresponds to residues 267 through 285 of prothrombin and has the substitution of cysteine for arginine at residue 271. These mutations, each occurring at arginines, are identical to those in factor IX Chapel Hill and prothrombin Barcelona. These results suggest that a limited repertoire of point mutations, many affecting arginine residues, may be responsible for hereditary defects of the vitamin K-dependent proteins in patients with normal antigen levels.
Coal-Biomass Gasification in a Pressurized Fluidized Bed Gasifier (1998)

In the framework of a multi-national European Joule project, experimental research and modeling concerning co-gasification of biomass and coal in a bubbling pressurized fluidized bed reactor is performed. The impact of fuel characteristics (biomass type, mixing ratio) and process conditions (pressure, temperature, gas residence time, air-fuel ratio and air-steam ratio) on the performance of the gasifier (carbon conversion, fuel gas composition, non-steady state behaviour) was studied experimentally and theoretically. Pelletized straw and miscanthus were used as biomass fuels. The process development unit has a maximum thermal capacity of 1.5 MW and was operated at pressures up to 10 bar and bed temperatures in the range of 650 °C–900 °C. The bed zone of the reactor is 2 m high with a diameter of 0.4 m and is followed by an adiabatic freeboard, approximately 4 m high with a diameter of 0.5 m. Time-averaged as well as time-dependent characteristics of the fuel gas were determined experimentally. The results will be compared with the gas turbine requirements provided by a gas turbine manufacturer, one of the partners in the project. The evaluation of the results will ultimately be used to implement and test an adequate control strategy for the pressurized fluidized bed gasifier integrated with a gas turbine combustion chamber.
Mathematical justification for the transition to negative pressures of the new ideal liquid (2012)

Negative pressure also means negative energy and, therefore, “holes,” antiparticles. Continuation across infinity to negative energies is accomplished by using a parastatistical correction to the Bose-Einstein distribution.
Acetylcholinesterase and Aβ Aggregation Inhibition by Heterometallic Ruthenium(II)–Platinum(II) Polypyridyl Complexes (2018)

Two heteronuclear ruthenium(II)-platinum(II) complexes [Ru(bpy)<sub>2</sub>(BPIMBp)PtCl<sub>2</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> (3) and [Ru(phen)<sub>2</sub>(BPIMBp)PtCl<sub>2</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> (4), where bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, and BPIMBp = 1,4'-bis[(2-pyridin-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl]-1,1'-biphenyl, have been designed and synthesized from their mononuclear precursors [Ru(bpy)<sub>2</sub>(BPIMBp)]<sup>2+</sup> (1) and [Ru(phen)<sub>2</sub>(BPIMBp)]<sup>2+</sup> (2) as multitarget molecules for Alzheimer's disease (AD). The inclusion of the cis-PtCl<sub>2</sub> moiety facilitates the covalent interaction of Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes with amyloid β (Aβ) peptide. These multifunctional complexes act as inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), Aβ aggregation, and Cu-induced oxidative stress and protect neuronal cells against Aβ-toxicity. The study highlights the design of metal based anti-Alzheimer's disease (AD) systems.
Model for particle redistribution during spacecraft launch (2002)

During the launch of a spacecraft, particles on the spacecraft, support structure, and the payload fairing may be removed from surfaces and move to other surfaces. Some particles may vent from the payload fairing. It is desirable to be able to predict the cleanliness of critical surfaces following launch based on hardware cleanliness before launch. Reliable prediction of post-launch contamination would help in setting hardware cleanliness and cleaning requirements during assembly and integration operation before launch. Particles are removed from surfaces by forces that result from vibro-acoustic, shock, acceleration, and aerodynamic actions. Acceleration and aerodynamic forces may transport the removed particles to other surfaces and out of the vents.
Nanoparticulate Mn3O4/VGCF Composite Conversion-Anode Material with Extraordinarily High Capacity and Excellent Rate Capability for Lithium Ion Batteries (2014)

In this work, highly conductive vapor grown carbon fiber (VGCF) was applied as an electrically conductive agent for facile synthesis of a nanoparticulate Mn3O4/VGCF composite material. This material exhibits super high specific capacity and excellent rate capability as a conversion-anode for lithium ion batteries. Rate performance test result demonstrates that at the discharge/charge current density of 0.2 A g(-1) a reversible capacity of ca. 950 mAh g(-1) is delivered, and when the current rate is increased to a high current density of 5 A g(-1), a reversible capacity of ca. 390 mAh g(-1) is retained. Cyclic performance examination conducted at the current density of 0.5 A g(-1) reveals that in the initial 20 cycles the reversible capacity decreases gradually from 855 to 747 mAh g(-1). However, since then, it increases gradually with cycle number increasing, and after 200 cycles an extraordinarily high reversible capacity of 1391 mAh g(-1) is achieved.
Yielding and Flow of Monodisperse Emulsions (1996)

We have measured the yield transition of monodisperse emulsions as the volume fraction, φ, and droplet radius,a, are varied. We study the crossover from the perturbative shear regime, which reflects the linear viscoelastic properties, to the steady shear regime, which reflects nonlinear, plastic flow. For small oscillatory strains of peak amplitude γ, the peak stress, τ, is linearly proportional to γ. As the strain is increased, the stress becomes nonlinear in γ at the yield strain, γy. The φ dependence of γyis independent ofaand exhibits a minimum near the critical volume fraction, φc≈ 0.635, associated with the random close packing of monodisperse spheres. We show that the yield stress, τy, increases dramatically as the volume fraction increases above φc; τyalso scales with the Laplace pressure, σ/a, where σ is the interfacial tension. For comparison, we also determine the steady shear stress over a wide range of strain rates, γ. Below φ ≈ 0.70, the flow is homogeneous throughout the sample, while for higher φ, the emulsion fractures resulting in highly inhomogeneous flow along the fracture plane. Above φ ≈ 0.58, the steady shear stress exhibits a low strain rate plateau which corresponds with the yield stress measured with the oscillatory technique. Moreover, τyexhibits a robust power law dependence on γ with exponents decreasing with φ, varying from 23 to 12. Below φ ≈ 0.58, associated with the colloidal glass transition, the plateau stress disappears entirely, suggesting that the equilibrium glassy dynamics are important in identifying the onset of the yield behavior.
Lateral Mixing of Solids in a Partially Defluidized Bed With Immersed Heat Exchange Tubes (1985)

Research Papers Lateral Mixing of Solids in a Partially Defluidized Bed With Immersed Heat Exchange Tubes N. Sitthiphong, N. Sitthiphong Department of Mechanical Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar D. Bushnell D. Bushnell Department of Mechanical Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author and Article Information N. Sitthiphong Department of Mechanical Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 D. Bushnell Department of Mechanical Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power. Jul 1985, 107(3): 685-689 (5 pages) https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3239789 Published Online: July 1, 1985 Article history Received: July 1, 1983 Online: October 15, 2009
High-precision contouring from SEM image in 32-nm lithography and beyond (2009)

We developed a new contouring technology that executes contour re-alignment based on a matching of the measured contour with the design data. By this 'secondary' pattern matching (the 'primary' being the pattern recognitions that is done by the SEM during the measurement itself), rotation errors and XY shifts are eliminated, placing the measured contour at the correct position in the design coordinates system. In the next phase, the developed method can generate an averaged contour from multiple SEM images of identical structures, or from plural contours that are aligned accurately by the algorithm we developed. When the developed contouring technology is compared with the conventional one, it minimizes contouring errors and pattern roughness effects to the minimum and enables contouring that represents the contour across the wafer. The Contour that represents the contour across the wafer we call "Measurement Based Averaged Contour" or MBAC. We will show that an OPC model that is built from these MBACs is more robust than an OPC model built from contours that did not get this additional re-alignment.
Wide aperture permanent magnet solenoid (2012)

Various configurations of rare earth permanent magnet solenoids with a large bore were simulated using finite element computer modeling. The configuration effect on the axial field, Bz, and its uniformity, ΔBz, was analyzed. The magnetic orientation of individual segments and the aspect-ratio of the solenoid have a significant effect on Bz and ΔBz. Two-layered configurations assembled with trapezoidal or arc segments result in a more uniform Bz compared to configurations assembled with five-faced polyhedrons. The two-layered configuration also has the advantage of easier fabrication. A permanent magnet solenoid prototype, based on the two-layered arc segment configuration and built using Nd-Fe-B magnets, was experimentally tested. The solenoid was designed to have a length to inner diameter ratio of approximately 5:3 and a peak axial field magnitude of 1.8 kGauss. Experimental measurements agree with simulation predictions to within &amp;lt; 5%.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Nido‐Carborate Containing Thioureas. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Analysis of fowlpox virus DNA replication and mapping (1995)

A physical map was generated for the fowlpox virus Chick-N-Pox vaccine strain DNA genome for EcoRI, BamHI, NcoI, and PstI. The gel profiles resulting from EcoRI, BamHI, BglII, NcoI, StyI, PstI, and PvuII digestions were analyzed by agarose and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The size of the fowlpox virus genome was estimated from these digests to be 289–301 kb. Replication of fowlpox virus DNA in QT-35 cells was followed and indicated that viral DNA replication initiated at 6–8 h postinfection in these cells.Key words: physical mapping, fowlpox virus, QT-35 cells, DNA replication.
The SRS railgun: a new approach to restrike control (1989)

A segmented rail surface (SRS) structure is described that eliminates restrike arcs by progressively disconnecting segments of the rail surface after the plasma armature has passed. This technique has been demonstrated using the Los Alamos MIDI-2 railgun. Restrike was eliminated in a plasma armature acceleration experiment using metal-foil fuses as opening switches. A plasma velocity increase from 11 to 16 km/s was demonstrated using the SRS technique to eliminate the viscous drag losses associated with the restrike plasma. It is concluded that this technique is a practical option for a laboratory launcher at present and for future multishot launchers if appropriate switches can be developed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Engineered microRNA-based regulatory element permits safe high-dose miniMECP2gene therapy in Rett mice (2021)

MECP2 gene transfer has been shown to extend the survival of Mecp2-/y knockout mice modelling Rett syndrome, an X-linked neurodevelopmental disorder. However, controlling deleterious overexpression of MECP2 remains the critical unmet obstacle towards a safe and effective gene therapy approach for Rett syndrome. A recently developed truncated miniMECP2 gene has also been shown to be therapeutic after AAV9-mediated gene transfer in knockout neonates. We show that AAV9/miniMECP2 has a similar dose-dependent toxicity profile to that of a published second-generation AAV9/MECP2 vector after treatment in adolescent mice. To overcome that toxicity, we developed a risk-driven viral genome design strategy rooted in high-throughput profiling and genome mining to rationally develop a compact, synthetic microRNA target panel (miR-responsive auto-regulatory element, 'miRARE') to minimize the possibility of miniMECP2 transgene overexpression in the context of Rett syndrome gene therapy. The goal of miRARE is to have a built-in inhibitory element responsive to MECP2 overexpression. The data provided herein show that insertion of miRARE into the miniMECP2 gene expression cassette greatly improved the safety of miniMECP2 gene transfer without compromising efficacy. Importantly, this built-in regulation system does not require any additional exogenous drug application, and no miRNAs are expressed from the transgene cassette. Although broad applications of miRARE have yet to be determined, the design of miRARE suggests a potential use in gene therapy approaches for other dose-sensitive genes.
Time-domain ultrasound diffraction tomography (2003)

A quantitative ultrasonic imaging method employing time-domain scattering data is presented. This method provides tomographic images of medium properties such as the sound speed contrast; these images are equivalent to multiple-frequency filtered-backpropagation reconstructions using all frequencies within the bandwidth of the incident pulse employed. However, image synthesis is performed directly in the time domain using coherent combination of farfield scattered pressure waveforms, delayed and summed to numerically focus on the unknown medium. The time-domain method is more efficient than multiple-frequency diffraction tomography methods, and can, in some cases, be more efficient than single-frequency diffraction tomography. Example reconstructions, obtained using synthetic data for two-dimensional and three-dimensional scattering of wideband pulses as well as measured scattering data from a 2048-element ring transducer, show that the time-domain reconstruction method provides image quality superior to single-frequency reconstructions for objects of size and contrast relevant to medical imaging problems such as ultrasonic mammography. The present method is closely related to existing synthetic-aperture imaging methods such as those employed in clinical ultrasound scanners. Thus, the new method can be extended to incorporate available image-enhancement techniques such as time-gain compensation to correct for medium absorption and aberration correction methods to reduce error associated with weak scattering approximations.
Integrated extension sensor based on resistance and voltage measurement for a dielectric elastomer (2007)

This paper presents a method for creating a smart Dielectric Elastomer Actuator (DEA) with an integrated extension sensor based on resistance and voltage measurement. Such a sensor can reduce cost, complexity, and weight compared to external sensor solutions when used in applications where external sensing is difficult or costly, such as Micro-Electro- Mechanical Systems (MEMS). The DEAs developed for integrated feedback are 20mm by 70mm and 30 &mgr;m thick double layer silicone-dielectric actuators with reinforcing silicone ribs. Loose-carbon-powder electrodes produced the best electrical and mechanical characteristics out of several possibilities tried. Electrically isolated circuits were used to measure electrode resistance and driving voltage. These parameters were then related to experiment using a model to predict DEA length. An offline regression method was used to fit the model to within 2% of the full sensor range and the results were verified experimentally. The sensor feedback inaccuracy immediately after a position step disturbance was shown to be around 20% of the full sensor range. This improved over 5 seconds to less than 5% as the transient creep effects in the silicone membrane that introduced the initial inaccuracy decayed. Long term creep reduced the accuracy of the model, necessitating periodic retraining of the sensor. Overall the sensor-estimated extension shows a very good qualitative or 'shape' match with the actual extension in the system.
MELCOR Accident Progression and Source Term Demonstration Calculations for a HTGR (2022)

MELCOR is an integrated thermal hydraulics, accident progression, and source term code for reactor safety analysis that has been developed at Sandia National Laboratories for the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) since the early 1980s. Though MELCOR originated as a light water reactor (LWR) code, development and modernization efforts over the past decades have expanded its applicat ion scope to include non-LWR reactor concepts. Current MELCOR development efforts include providing the NRC with the analytical capabilities to support regulatory readiness for licensing non-LWR technologies under Strategy 2 of the NRC?s near-term Implementa tion Action Plans. Beginning with the Next Generation Nuclear Project (NGNP), MELCOR ha s undergone a range of enhancements to provide analytical capabilities for modeling the spectrum of advanced non-LWR concepts. This report describes the generic plant model developed to demonstrate MELCOR capabilities to perform high-temperature gas reactor (HTGR) safety evaluations. The generic plant model is based on publicly available PMBR-400 design information. For plant aspects (e.g., reactor building size and leak rate) that are not descri bed in the PBMR-400 references, the analysts made assumptions needed to construct a MELCOR full-plant model. The HTGR model uses a TRi-structural ISOtropic (TRISO)-particle fuel pebble-bed reactor with a primary system rejecting heat to a recuperative heat exchange r. Surrounding the reactor vessel is a reactor cavity contained within a confinement room cooled by the Reactor Cavity Cooling System (RCCS). Example calculations are performe d to show the plant response and MELCOR capabilities to characterize a range of accident conditions. The accidents selected for evaluation consider a range of degraded and failed modes of operation for key safety functions providing reactivity control, primary system heat removal and reactor vessel decay heat removal, and confinement cooling.
The Utility Frequent Pattern Mining Based on Slide Window in Data Stream (2012)

In traditional study of mining data stream, each item in the data stream is of equal importance. However, in practice, each item has a different significance, which is known as utility. This paper combines frequent mining item sets with utility and proposes an efficient algorithm for utility frequent pattern mining (UFPM). It combines bitmap with tree structure that can store and update the pattern of data stream quickly and completely by scanning only once. The algorithm generated by lexicographic order, proposes a novel tree U-tree and makes convenience for pattern updating and user reading. With a pattern growth approach in mining, the algorithm can effectively avoid the problem of a mass candidacy generation by level-wise searching. The experiments results show that our algorithm which is in high efficiency and good scalability outperforms the existing analogous algorithm.
Comment on the Letter to the Editor By Dr. Marcus on the Association between Narcolepsy and H1N1 Exposure (2011)

fectious diseases in some cases for these diseases. Intriguingly, it has long been forgotten that Von Economo’s encephalitis lethargica, a seasonal disease that followed the great 1918 H1N1 flu pandemic, was a very polymorphic disorder at the symp tomatic level. 11 Symptoms included extreme somnolence and ophthalmoplegia (associated with lesions of the posterior hypothalamus and upper brainstem), insomnia and sleep inversion (associated with lesions of the anterior hypothalamus), psychosis, movement disorders (chorea type, as seen in post-streptococcal Sydenham’s Chorea, with lesion of the basal ganglia) and a residual form: post-encephalitis parkinsonism. These recent findings increasingly suggest that narcolepsy may be the tip of the iceberg and that a much broader phenotype involving post-infectious autoimmune pathologies of the brain persists in the population at large. Recent cases of Von Economo’s-like encephalitis have also shown increased ASO titers. 12
A Polyethylenimine-Linoleic Acid Conjugate for Antisense Oligonucleotide Delivery (2013)

A novel antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) carrier, polyethylenimine conjugated to linoleic acid (PEI-LA), was synthesized and evaluated for delivery of LOR-2501 to tumor cells. LOR-2501 is an ASO targeting ribonucleotide reductase R1 subunit (RRM1). In this study, PEI-LA was synthesized by reacting PEI (Mw ~ 800) with linoleoyl chloride. Gel retardation assay showed complete complexation between PEI-LA and LOR-2501 at N/P ratio above 8. No significant cytotoxicity was observed with these complexes at the tested dosage levels. Interestingly, at N/P ratio of >6, levels of cellular uptake of PEI-LA/LOR-2501 were double that of PEI/LOR-2501 complexes of the same N/P ratio. PEI-LA/LOR-2501 induced downregulation of 64% and 70% of RRM1 at mRNA and protein levels, respectively. The highest transfection activity was shown by PEI-LA/LOR-2501 complexes at N/P ratio of 10. Finally, using pathway specific inhibitors, clathrin-mediated endocytosis was shown to be the principle mechanism of cellular internalization of these complexes. In conclusion, PEI-LA is a promising agent for the delivery of ASOs and warrants further investigation.