gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Age of Mineralization of the Candelaria Fe Oxide Cu-Au Deposit and the Origin of the Chilean Iron Belt, Based on Re-Os Isotopes (2002)

Re-Os isotopes are used to determine the age of iron oxide Cu-Au mineralization at Candelaria, Chile, and to explore possible genetic links with the batholithic intrusions in the area. Re-Os ages calculated from molybdenite are 114.2 ± 0.6 Ma and 115.2 ± 0.6 Ma, and they are interpreted to represent the age of mineralization. These ages are consistent with previously reported ages for biotite alteration that range from 114 to 116 Ma. An isochron calculated by Re/Os ratios from hydrothermal magnetite and sulfides constrains an initial 187 Os/ 188 Os ratio of 0.36 ± 0.10. The initial 187 Os/ 188 Os ratio for sulfide from Bronce mine, a small satellite of the Candelaria orebody, is 0.33 ± 0.01. These values are broadly similar to the calculated initial 187 Os/ 188 Os ratio for magmatic magnetite in nearby batholithic rocks that range from 0.20 to 0.41. The relatively radiogenic initial 187 Os/ 188 Os ratio represents a mixture of mantle and crustal components in the ores and batholitic rocks. The similarity in initial 187 Os/ 188 Os ratio of the ore and magmatic oxides suggest that the granitic plutons could be the source of metals in the Candelaria district. These data are consistent with the existence of a significant magmatic fluid component in the hydrothermal system as suggested by previously published work. In order to establish a regional perspective, we analyzed ore minerals from other Chilean deposits of the iron oxide (Cu-U-Au-rare earth elements [REE]) class. Magnetite from the Manto Verde iron oxide Cu-Au deposit has Os and Re concentrations of 11 to 17 parts per trillion (ppt) and 4 to 6 parts per billion (ppb), respectively. The initial 187 Os/ 188 Os ratio is approximately 0.20 and is similar to that of ore minerals from Candelaria and of the Early Cretaceous batholithic intrusions. These data indicate a similar metal source for the mineralization at Manto Verde and Candelaria. Magnetite from three magnetite-apatite deposits of the Chilean iron belt have Re concentrations between 0.8 and 3 ppb and Os concentrations between 11 and 76 ppt. Calculated initial 187 Os/ 188 Os ratios of these magnetites range from 1.2 to 8.4 and are distinctly different from those of the iron oxide Cu-Au deposits. The cause of the comparatively high radiogenic signatures in the magnetite-apatite ores is probably related to fluid interactions with (i.e., leaching) the surrounding sedimentary rocks during their genesis. In contrast to the iron oxide Cu-Au systems, the Os in magnetite-apatite ores could be derived from sedimentary rocks. This evidence suggests that predominantly basin-derived, nonmagmatic brines formed these magnetite-apatite deposits.
SDH-based time synchronous system for power system communications (1998)

As precise time information is particularly useful for power system communications, a time transfer system using terrestrial fiber optic digital networks, or SDH (synchronous digital hierarchy)-based time synchronous networks, is proposed in addition to radio- or satellite-based time dissemination systems such as GPS (Global Positioning System). In the system, auxiliary synchronizing equipment is attached to existing networks composed of SDH transmission equipment and digital clock supplies, and not only frequency but also frame phase or time is synchronized. Experimental time synchronizing devices showed potentially satisfactory performance; synchronization errors between two devices were of the order of sub-microseconds.
Overlay Structure for Large Scale Content Sharing: Leveraging Geography as the Basis for Routing Locality (2009)

In this paper we place our arguments on two related issues in the design of generalized structured peer-to-peer overlays. First, we argue that for the large-scale content-sharing applications, lookup and content transport functions need to be treated separately. Second, to create a location-based routing overlay suitable for content sharing and other applications, we argue that off-the-shelf geographic coordinates of Internet-connected hosts can be used as a basis. We then outline the design principles and present a design for the generalized routing overlay based on adaptive hierarchical partitioning of the geographical space.
Percutaneous coronary intervention for the management of stable ischemic heart disease (2019)

Findings from this first placebo-controlled trial of PCI in patients with single vessel SIHD suggest that PCI need not necessarily be the first line or default strategy for symptomatic improvement. Results from the ongoing ISCHEMIA (International Study of Comparative Health Effectiveness with Medical and Invasive Approaches) trial will provide further guidance regarding symptomatic and prognostic benefits of early angiography and revascularization for higher risk SIHD patients with moderate-severe ischemia.
Theoretical results relating experimental x-ray spectra to the number and total energy of suprathermal electrons in laser-heated plasmas (1976)

Formulas are derived which contain corrections to previous work and relate the x-ray spectrum produced from a laser-heated plasma to the number and total energy of suprathermal electrons in the plasma. These formulas, together with experimental x-ray spectra, have been used to determine the characteristics of the suprathermal electron distributions produced under differing experimental conditions. Specifically, the number and total energy of suprathermal electrons as well as the suprathermal electron temperature, ..cap alpha..kT/sub e/, are related to the experimental x-ray data. It is found that the suprathermal electron temperature is nearly independent of wavelength when the incident laser energy is constant.
E-Science technologies in a workflow for personalized medicine using cancer screening as a case study (2017)

E-Science tools are a key part of an evidence-based process for personalized medicine. This paper provides a structured workflow from data and models to evaluation of new personalized intervention strategies. The importance of multidisciplinary collaboration is emphasized. Importantly, the generic concepts of the suggested eCPC workflow are transferrable to other disease domains, although each disease will require tailored solutions.
Umbilical Cord Tissue Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Characterization and Clinical Applications (2013)

Umbilical cord tissue (CT) can provide a virtually unlimited source of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) that can potentially be used in a variety of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering applications. Cord tissue segments can be frozen and preserved in liquid nitrogen dewars for prolonged periods of time, having been frozen in time at the peak of biological activity. CT stem cells are capable of giving rise to various mesenchymal and non-mesenchymal cell lineages including bone, cartilage, fat and neurons. Thus, CT stem cells are candidates to develop stem cell-based therapies for a wide variety of diseases including cardiovascular, ophthalmic, orthopedic and neurological applications. CT is currently being used in several regenerative medicine clinical studies, examples of which include treatment of graftversus- host disease and non-healing bone fractures. CT represents an additional source of stem cells that have both immediate and future applications for the individual donor.
A Carbon Nanotube Toxicity Paradigm Driven by Mast Cells and the IL‐33/ST2 Axis (2012)

Concern about the use of nanomaterials has increased significantly in recent years due to potentially hazardous impacts on human health. Mast cells are critical for innate and adaptive immune responses, often modulating allergic and pathogenic conditions. Mast cells are well known to act in response to danger signals through a variety of receptors and pathways including IL-33 and the IL-1-like receptor ST2. Here, the involvement of mast cells and the IL-33/ST2 axis in pulmonary and cardiovascular responses to multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) exposure are examined. Toxicological effects of MWCNTs are observed only in mice with a sufficient population of mast cells and are not observed when mast cells are absent or incapable of responding to IL-33. Our findings establish for the first time that mast cells and the IL-33/ST2 axis orchestrates adverse pulmonary and cardiovascular responses to an engineered nanomaterial, giving insight into a previously unknown mechanism of toxicity. This novel mechanism of toxicity could be used for assessing the safety of engineered nanomaterials and provides a realistic therapeutic target for potential nanoparticle induced toxicities.
The apolipoprotein E/CI/CII gene cluster and late-onset Alzheimer disease. (1994)

The chromosome 19 apolipoprotein E/CI/CII gene cluster was examined for evidence of linkage to a familial Alzheimer disease (FAD) locus. The family groups studied were Volga German (VG), early-onset non-VG (ENVG; mean age at onset < 60 years), and late-onset families. A genetic association was observed between apolipoprotein E (ApoE) allele epsilon 4 and FAD in late-onset families; the epsilon 4 allele frequency was .51 in affected subjects, .37 in at-risk subjects, .11 in spouses, and .19 in unrelated controls. The differences between the epsilon 4 frequencies in affected subjects versus controls and in at-risk subjects versus controls were highly significant (standard normal deviate [ZSND]) = 7.37, P < 10(-9); and ZSND = 4.07, P < .00005, respectively). No association between the epsilon 4 allele and FAD was observed in the ENVG or VG groups. A statistically significant allelic association between epsilon 4 and AD was also observed in a group of unrelated subjects; the epsilon 4 frequency was .26 in affected subjects, versus .19 in controls (ZSND = 2.20, P < .03). Evidence of linkage of ApoE and ApoCII to FAD was examined by maximum-likelihood methods, using three models and assuming autosomal dominant inheritance: (1) age-dependent penetrance, (2) extremely low (1%) penetrance, and (3) age-dependent penetrance corrected for sporadic Alzheimer disease (AD). For ApoCII in late-onset families, results for close linkage were negative, and only small positive lod-score-statistic (Z) values were obtained (model 1, maximum Z[Zmax] = 0.61, recombination fraction [theta] = .30; model 2, Zmax = 0.47, theta = .20). For ApoE in late-onset kindreds, positive Z values were obtained when either allele frequencies from controls (model 1, Zmax = 2.02, theta = .15; model 2, Zmax = 3.42, theta = .05) or allele frequencies from the families (model 1, Zmax = 1.43, theta = .15; model 2, Zmax = 1.70, theta = .05) were used. When linkage disequilibrium was incorporated into the analysis, the Z values increased (model 1, Zmax = 3.17, theta = .23; model 3, Zmax = 1.85, theta = .20). For the ENVG group, results for ApoE and ApoCII were uniformly negative. Affected-pedigree-member analysis gave significant results for the late-onset kindreds, for ApoE (ZSND = 3.003, P = .003) and ApoCII (ZSND = 2.319, P = .016), when control allele frequencies were used but not when allele frequencies were derived from the families.
Design and Synthesis of Thiadiazoles and Thiazoles Targeting the Bcr‐Abl T315I Mutant: from Docking False Positives to ATP‐Noncompetitive Inhibitors (2010)

Overcoming resistance: In an effort to optimize our previously identified dual Src/Abl hits, a new series of 1,3,4-thiadiazoles and 1,3-thiazoles were designed and synthesized, paying particular attention to the reduction of their lipophilicity and to the improvement of the affinity towards the drug-resistant T315I mutant. Compound 5 was identified as a promising allosteric inhibitor of the T315I mutant. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
The majority of type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor associated with cultured human endothelial cells is located under the cells and is accessible to solution-phase tissue-type plasminogen activator. (1990)

The interactions between exogenously added tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and the active form of type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) produced by and present in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were investigated. Immunoblotting analysis of the conditioned media obtained from monolayers of HUVECs treated with increasing concentrations of t-PA (less than or equal to 10 micrograms/ml) revealed a dose-dependent formation of both t-PA/PAI-1 complexes, and of a 42,000-Mr cleaved or modified form of the inhibitor. Immunoradiometric assays indicated that t-PA treatment resulted in a fourfold increase in PAI-1 antigen present in the conditioned media. This increase did not result from the release of PAI-1 from intracellular stores, but rather reflected a t-PA-dependent decrease in the PAI-1 content of the Triton X-100 insoluble extracellular matrix (ECM). Although the rate of t-PA-mediated release of PAI-1 was increased by the removal of the monolayer, similar quantities of PAI-1 were removed in the presence or absence of the cells. These results suggest that the cells only represent a semipermeable barrier between ECM-associated PAI-1 and exogenous t-PA. Treatment of HUVECs with t-PA (1 microgram/ml, 2 h) to deplete the ECM of PAI-1 did not affect the subsequent rate of PAI-1 production and deposition into the ECM. Immunogold electron microscopy of HUVECs not only confirmed the location of PAI-1 primarily in the region between the culture substratum and ventral cell surface but failed to demonstrate significant (less than 1%) PAI-1 on the cell surface. Thus, the majority of PAI-1 associated with cultured HUVEC monolayers is present under the cells in the ECM and is accessible to solution-phase t-PA.
Transgelin is a TGFβ-inducible gene that regulates osteoblastic and adipogenic differentiation of human skeletal stem cells through actin cytoskeleston organization (2016)

Regenerative medicine is a novel approach for treating conditions in which enhanced bone regeneration is required. We identified transgelin (TAGLN), a transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ)-inducible gene, as an upregulated gene during in vitro osteoblastic and adipocytic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived stromal (skeletal) stem cells (hMSC). siRNA-mediated gene silencing of TAGLN impaired lineage differentiation into osteoblasts and adipocytes but enhanced cell proliferation. Additional functional studies revealed that TAGLN deficiency impaired hMSC cell motility and in vitro transwell cell migration. On the other hand, TAGLN overexpression reduced hMSC cell proliferation, but enhanced cell migration, osteoblastic and adipocytic differentiation, and in vivo bone formation. In addition, deficiency or overexpression of TAGLN in hMSC was associated with significant changes in cellular and nuclear morphology and cytoplasmic organelle composition as demonstrated by high content imaging and transmission electron microscopy that revealed pronounced alterations in the distribution of the actin filament and changes in cytoskeletal organization. Molecular signature of TAGLN-deficient hMSC showed that several genes and genetic pathways associated with cell differentiation, including regulation of actin cytoskeleton and focal adhesion pathways, were downregulated. Our data demonstrate that TAGLN has a role in generating committed progenitor cells from undifferentiated hMSC by regulating cytoskeleton organization. Targeting TAGLN is a plausible approach to enrich for committed hMSC cells needed for regenerative medicine application.
QoS-based mediated agent and intelligent requester for dynamic web service provision (2012)

With the evolution of mobile networks, web services play a tremendous role in many aspects of our life. Therefore, the service providers have to guarantee an acceptable QoS level especially for those offering challenging services such as multimedia applications. Web services provisioning is used to allocate particular services to the tasks of business processes. One of the challenges in web service provisioning is how to make the web service providers adapt themselves to the dynamic nature of web service demand and to the performance requirements of web service clients. In this paper, we propose a mediated service agent (MSA) to handle the clients' requests. It sends back a ranked list of suggested providers to the client. The MSA handles the clients feedback on their interactions with the providers and uses the collected information in the evaluation of the providers. The MSA notifies the providers to adjust their QoS if needed. Moreover, an intelligent service requester (ISR) is proposed to autonomously select the provider to interact with. It evaluates the satisfaction with the service providers without the intervention of the user. The coordination between the MSA and the ISRs is proved to assure an acceptable QoS level.
N—H Insertion Reactions of Boc‐Amino Acid Amides: Solution‐ and Solid‐Phase Synthesis of Pyrazinones and Pyrazines. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Ofloxacin in multidrug resistant tuberculosis. (2003)

Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading infectious cause of death today and 3.81 million cases occurred in 1997 and 1998. Even today in spite of having four drugs like isoniazid, rifampicin, streptomycin/pyrazinamide and ethambutol for the intensive phase, the total duration of treatment remains six months. Because of the global health problems of TB, the increasing rate of multidrug resistant TB (MDR-TB) and the high rate of co-infection with HIV, the need for effective non-toxic antituberculous agents is essential. Fluoroquinolones have been classified as drugs having low bactericidal activity by the WHO. To date, they have been used for preventive therapy, empirical treatment of patients with TB and retreatment of patients with relapsing TB. In-vitro and in-vivo clinical studies have identified ofloxacin as a promising new agent in the treatment of MDR-TB. Ofloxacin has been advocated by the WHO in case of MDR-TB, when susceptibility to test results are not available before starting the new treatment, in the continuation period (18 months) and if resistance is proven to at least isoniazid and rifampicin.
Investigation of microcantilever array with ordered nanoporous coatings for selective chemical detection (2010)

In this paper we demonstrate the potential for novel nanoporous framework materials (NFM) such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) to provide selectivity and sensitivity to a broad range of analytes including explosives, nerve agents, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). NFM are highly ordered, crystalline materials with considerable synthetic flexibility resulting from the presence of both organic and inorganic components within their structure. Detection of chemical weapons of mass destruction (CWMD), explosives, toxic industrial chemicals (TICs), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) using micro-electro-mechanical-systems (MEMS) devices, such as microcantilevers and surface acoustic wave sensors, requires the use of recognition layers to impart selectivity. Traditional organic polymers are dense, impeding analyte uptake and slowing sensor response. The nanoporosity and ultrahigh surface areas of NFM enhance transport into and out of the NFM layer, improving response times, and their ordered structure enables structural tuning to impart selectivity. Here we describe experiments and modeling aimed at creating NFM layers tailored to the detection of water vapor, explosives, CWMD, and VOCs, and their integration with the surfaces of MEMS devices. Force field models show that a high degree of chemical selectivity is feasible. For example, using a suite of MOFs it should be possible to select for explosives vs. CWMD, VM vs. GA (nerve agents), and anthracene vs. naphthalene (VOCs). We will also demonstrate the integration of various NFM with the surfaces of MEMS devices and describe new synthetic methods developed to improve the quality of VFM coatings. Finally, MOF-coated MEMS devices show how temperature changes can be tuned to improve response times, selectivity, and sensitivity.
Economic assessment of a high-dose versus a standard-dose influenza vaccine in the US Veteran population: Estimating the impact on hospitalization cost for cardio-respiratory disease (2019)

For the five-season period of 2010/11 through 2014/15, HD influenza vaccination was associated with net cost savings due to fewer hospitalizations, and therefore lower direct medical costs, for cardio-respiratory disease as compared to SD influenza vaccination in the senior US VHA population.
8 Sydnone-Based Cycloadditions in Click Chemistry (2021)

Abstract The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of sydnones (1,2,3-oxadiazolium-5-olates) with dipolarophiles, such as alkynes, has recently emerged as a versatile click reaction, with applications ranging from the mild and regioselective preparation of polysubstituted pyrazoles for drug discovery to the metal-free bioorthogonal ligation of biomacromolecules in living cells. This chapter reviews the importance of metal catalysis for controlling the regioselectivity of the copper-mediated reaction (CuSAC), as well as the development of fluorogenic probes, the click and release strategy, and photo-triggered ligations based on strain-promoted sydnone–alkyne cycloadditions (SPSAC).