gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Handbook of knot theory (2005)

This book is a survey of current topics in the mathematical theory of knots. For a mathematician, a knot is a closed loop in 3-dimensional space: imagine knotting an extension cord and then closing it up by inserting its plug into its outlet. Knot theory is of central importance in pure and applied mathematics, as it stands at a crossroads of topology, combinatorics, algebra, mathematical physics and biochemistry.* Survey of mathematical knot theory* Articles by leading world authorities* Clear exposition, not over-technical* Accessible to readers with undergraduate background in mathematics
THE EFFECT OF BIODIESEL FUEL FROM RUBBER (HEVEA BRASILIENSIS) SEED OIL ON A DIRECT INJECTION (DI) DIESEL ENGINE (2010)

The extensive biodiversity of ASEAN countries includes many plants producing fatty-oils with yield potentials sufficient for biodiesel production. Seed of the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) is perhaps one with significant potential because of the extensive areas of rubber plantations within ASEAN. Rubber seed oil is virtually unexploited commercially, probably because it is non-edible. Consequently, it has the potential to replace/substitute for edible oils such as palm oil, coconut oil, etc. as a raw material for biodiesel during periods of high food sector demand. Currently, the main product of the rubber tree is rubber milk, the raw material for latex and rubber industries. Rubber seed is a byproduct. The kernels constitute 50 to 60% of the seed and contain 40 to 50% brown oil. In this study, the engine test bed procedure for testing coking of DI diesel engine injector nozzles was utilized to examine the effect of using neat Rubber seed oil biodiesel (RSB), and blends with diesel oil as fuel. The effect of the fuels on engine components and exhaust gas emissions such as Hydrocarbon (HC), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Smoke and Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC) was investigated. The performance and emissions of B5 fuel was comparable with diesel fuel; the use of B100 resulted in significantly higher BSFC (23%); higher emissions (20.83% CO, 27.78% THC, 20.80% opacity before commencement of the endurance test, 13.73% CO, 5.79% THC, 33.33% opacity after endurance test). Pure RSB and B5 reduced deposits on the cylinder head (38.74% and 35.82% respectively) but RSB increased deposits on the piston (37.42%).
Electrophysiological Actions of N-(2,6-Dimethylphenyl)-8-Pyrrolizidine-Acetamide Hydrochoride Hemihydrate (SUN 1165), a New Antiarrhythmic Agent (1986)

The electrophysiological actions of SUN 1165 on isolated guinea pig atrial and papillary muscles, canine Purkinje fibers, and rabbit sinoatrial node were studied using standard microelectrode techniques. SUN 1165 in low (10(-7) g/ml) concentration had little effect on any of the action potential parameters measured. Intermediate (10(-6) g/ml) concentration of the compound shortened the duration of action potential of canine Purkinje fibers and increased ratio of the effective refractory period to the duration of action potential at 90% repolarization in guinea pig atrial muscles. At high (10(-5) g/ml) concentration, the compound reduced the maximum rate of rise of phase 0 in guinea pig atrial, papillary muscles, and canine Purkinje fibers, though the change in the latter was not statistically significant, and also decreased the action potential amplitude in guinea pig atrial muscles and canine Purkinje fibers. At all concentrations (10(-7)-10(-5) g/ml) tested, the compound exerted little effect both on spontaneous action potentials in rabbit sinoatrial node cells and on Ca2+-mediated slow responses in partially depolarized guinea pig papillary muscles. These results indicate that SUN 1165 may selectively inhibit cardiac sodium channels and is likely to be of value in correcting not only ventricular but also supraventricular tachyarrhythmias.
Newton-Raphson method and fixed-point technique in finite element computation of magnetic field problems in media with hysteresis (1999)

A comparison between the Newton-Raphson method and the fixed-point technique in hysteretic magnetic field problems is presented. Four different approaches are studied and contrast between them in terms of the convergence rate and computation time consumption is highlighted. The Newton-Raphson-based approaches are found better than the iteration schemes associated with the fixed-point technique for a model problem.
Expanding the Indications of Pancreas Transplantation Alone (2014)

Pancreas transplantation alone after TP in patients with pancreatitis or benign tumors improves the recipient's quality of life and reduces long-term mortality. Considering the amount of available organs and potential candidates, PTA can be a treatment option for patients after TP with chronic pancreatitis or benign tumors.
Surveying the user space through user allocations (2012)

Previous research into memory forensics has focused on understanding the structure and contents of the kernel space portions of physical memory, and mostly ignored the contents of the user space. This paper describes the results of a survey of user space virtual address allocations in the Windows XP and Windows 7 operating systems, comprehensively identifying the kernel and user space metadata required to identify such allocations. New techniques for determining the role and content of those allocations are identified, significantly increasing the proportion of allocations for which the role and function is understood. The validity of this approach is evaluated and a detailed analysis of the data structures involved provided. An implementation of this approach is presented which is capable of identifying all user space allocations, and for those allocations identifying for a high percentage, the role of those allocations, even for complex applications.
Classification of nucleotide sequences by latent semantic analysis (2023)

DNA sequences are analyzed using latent semantic analysis. A set of nucleotide sequences is received in which the set has a first number of sequences. A set of basis vectors is determined, in which the set has a second number of basis vectors, the second number being smaller than the first number. Each basis vector represents a specific combination of predetermined nucleotide segments. For each of the nucleotide sequences, an approximate representation of the nucleotide sequence is determined based on a combination of the basis vectors. For each pair of nucleotide sequences, a distance between the pair of nucleotide sequences is determined according the distance between the approximate representation of the pair of nucleotide sequences. The set of nucleotide sequences are classified based on the distances between the pairs of nucleotide sequences.
Response Time as a Performability Metric for Online Services (2004)

Evaluations of the behavior of Internet services during partial outages tend to rely upon system throughput as their primary unit of measurement. Other metrics such as response time and data quality may be equally as important, however, because of their ability to describe the performance of the system from the user's perspective. Because the success of most online services depends upon user satisfaction, such user-oriented metrics may be a more appropriate way to rate a system's effectiveness. &lt;p&gt;This report investigates how system evaluators can use the performance metric of response time when conducting reliability benchmarks and long-term performability modeling of online systems. Specifically, this report describes the results of fault-injection tests run on a cluster-based web server under an emulated client workload and explores various ways of presenting and summarizing data about the observed system behavior. The report concludes with a discussion of how online services can improve their effectiveness by adopting and employing more useful and descriptive performability measurements
UV absorbance ratio index with size exclusion chromatography (URI-SEC) as an NOM property indicator (2008)

An advanced approach is presented for identifying and characterizing biopolymers; of natural organic matter (NOM) in water samples. it involves a simple method encompassing the ratio of peak heights of high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) chromatograms based on ultraviolet absorbance (UVA) detection at 210 nm and 254 nm. The HPSEC system eliminates inorganic interferences by separation and makes it possible to obtain ratio values associated with organic components as a function of molecular weight (MW). Certain biopolymers show a UVA&lt;sub&gt;210&lt;/sub&gt;/UVA&lt;sub&gt;254&lt;/sub&gt;) because they contain different distinctive ultraviolet absorbance ratio index (URI, compositional proportions of UV-absorbing functional groups and sp&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;-hybridized carbon. URI values were found to be the lowest for humic acids (1.59 for a humic acid, highest aromaticity), intermediate for fulvic acids (1.88 for a fulvic acid, intermediate aromaticity), and highest for proteins (13.5 for BSA, lowest aromaticity). URI increases with the degree of eutrophication of natural waters by the increase of microbially derived components that have a high functional group proportion with a low sp&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;-hybridized carbon, and increases with oxidation (e.g. ozonation) by the cleavage of unsaturated bonds (decrease in unsaturated bonds and increase in functional group proportions).&lt;br /&gt;A particular functional group displays its characteristic chemical behaviour when it is present in a compound. The chemical behaviour of NOM is highly related to its functional groups. The concept of URI considers the main functional groups of NOM and can act as an important water quality index. it may be used as a surrogate for assessing the effects of oxidation of NOM. The method is simple and can be easily applied to characterization of bulk water samples.
Significance of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in the Interactions of Cancer Cells with the Tumor Microenvironment of Heterogeneous Tumor Tissue (2023)

The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a key role in cancer development and progression, as well as contributes to the therapeutic resistance and metastasis of cancer cells. The TME is heterogeneous and consists of multiple cell types, including cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), endothelial cells, and immune cells, as well as various extracellular components. Recent studies have revealed cross talk between cancer cells and CAFs as well as between CAFs and other TME cells, including immune cells. Signaling by transforming growth factor-β, derived from CAFs, has recently been shown to induce remodeling of tumor tissue, including the promotion of angiogenesis and immune cell recruitment. Immunocompetent mouse cancer models that recapitulate interactions of cancer cells with the TME have provided insight into the TME network and support the development of new anticancer therapeutic strategies. Recent studies based on such models have revealed that the antitumor action of molecularly targeted agents is mediated in part by effects on the tumor immune environment. In this review, we focus on cancer cell-TME interactions in heterogeneous tumor tissue, and we provide an overview of the basis for anticancer therapeutic strategies that target the TME, including immunotherapy.
Editing tools for 3D medical imaging (1991)

A set of tools called MPR Edit (multiplanar reconstruction editor) is presented. Designed like a paint and drawing program for 3-D data sets, MPR Edit allows the interactive creation of shapes that define volumes of interest in images of medical data. The implementation of MPR Edit is described, and examples of its use are given. Clinical applications are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Endovascular treatment of very small (≤ 3 mm) intracranial aneurysms: An updated systemic review (2012)

Aim: Previously‐published meta‐analyses have concluded that coil embolization of very small (≤ 3 mm) intracranial aneurysms carry a high risk of procedural rupture, leading to morbidity and mortality. Several case series subsequently questioned the real procedural rupture risk. We therefore carried out an updated meta‐analysis. Patients and Methods: Computerized EMBASE, MEDLINE and PubMed searches of the literature for reports on the safety and efficacy of treatment of intracranial aneurysms with a maximum dimension of ≤ 3 mm were carried out from January 1990 to January 2011. Statistical analyses were generated using SPSS for Windows Version 15.0 and Comprehensive MetaAnalysis 2.0 for Windows. Results of the meta‐analyses are presented with 95 per cent confidence intervals (CI). Results: Twelve eligible studies with 637 patients (660 aneurysms) were analysed. Procedural aneurysm rupture occurred in 39 (5.9 per cent) of 660 aneurysm treatments (random‐effect‐weighted average: 7.2 per cent; 95 per cent CI: 5.3–9.6 per cent; Q ‐value: 11; I 2 = 4 per cent). Immediate satisfactory occlusion was achieved in 508 (88 per cent) of 579 aneurysm treatments (random‐effect‐weighted average: 84 per cent; 95 per cent CI: 81–87 per cent; Q ‐value: 48; I 2 = 81 per cent). Delayed satisfactory occlusion was achieved in 379 (88 per cent) of 433 aneurysm treatments (random‐effect‐weighted average: 82 per cent; 95 per cent CI: 77–86 per cent; Q ‐value: 48; I 2 = 83 per cent). Conclusions: The present findings suggest that coiling of very small intracranial aneurysms is associated with 7.2 per cent procedural aneurysm rupture risk. Further prospective multicenter studies should be carried out in Hong Kong to review the procedural morbidity and mortality.
Shared epitope impacts arthritis by influencing CD4 T cell differentiation (P3321) (2013)

Abstract HLA-DRB1*0401 has been associated with predisposition to develop rheumatoid arthritis (RA) while *0402 has been linked with resistance to develop RA. Using transgenic mice, we showed that *0401 mice are susceptible to develop collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) that mimics human disease in histopathology, production of autoantibodies and sex-bias while *0402 mice are not susceptible. In this study, we determined if *0401 mice have CD4 T cell repertoire that is predetermined to produce proinflammatory cytokines. The data shown here supports that both *0401 and *0402 mice can produce Th1/TH17 cytokines although conditions required for production of Th17 cytokines differ between the 2 strains. In context of CIA, *0402 mice generate a Th2 response that may explain its resistance to develop CIA. Further, our data supports that a significant subset of naïve CD4 T cells when activated in polarizing conditions can generate T regulatory cells in *0402 but not *0401 mice. We hypothesize that *0401 has been evolutionarily selected due to its ability to clear infection. Our data suggests that *0401 generates a storm of cytokines in response to bacterial products and may be more efficient in clearing infection than *0402. Autoimmunity is a bystander effect of the cytokine storm ensuing immune dysregulation along with the presence of lower number of T regulatory cells in *0401 mice.
Spectral response measurements of monolithic GaInP/Ga(In)As/Ge triple‐junction solar cells: Measurement artifacts and their explanation (2003)

Abstract Procedures for measuring the spectral response of multi‐junction cells in general require variation of the bias spectrum and voltage biasing. It is shown that a refined procedure including optimization of bias spectrum and voltage is necessary to minimize a measurement artifact, which appears if the subcell under test has non‐ideal properties, such as a low shunt resistance or a low reverse breakdown voltage. This measurement artifact is often observed on measuring the spectral response of the Ge bottom cell of GaInP/Ga(In)As/Ge triple‐junction cells. The main aspect of the measurement artifact is that the response of another subcell is simultaneously measured, while at the same time the signal of the Ge subcell is too low. Additionally, the shape of the spectral response curve is influenced under certain measurement conditions. In this paper the measurement artifact is thoroughly discussed by measurement results and simulation. Based on this analysis, a detailed procedure for the spectral response measurement of multi‐junction cells is developed, specially designed to minimize such measurement artifacts. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Pocket radiologist : Top 100 diagnoses (2001)

Radiology of the Brain is at your finger tips! Each title in the PocketRadiologist series provides you with the 100 most important diagnoses in a particular radiological speciality. For each diagnosis, you'll find 2 crisply reproduced images, plus consistent, bulleted summaries of...Key Facts, Imaging Findings, Differential Diagnosis, Clinical Issues, Pathologic Features, and References. This unique organisation makes it remarkably easy to accurately and rapidly confirm or rule out a diagnosis! And, all of the PocketRadiologist titles are available as soft cover, pocket-sized books or as Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) software to meet you preferred reference style!
Regenerative Wavelength Conversion of DPSK Signals Through FWM in an SOA (2012)

We experimentally investigate broadband regenerative capability of four-wave mixing (FWM) in a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) for nonreturn-to-zero differential phase-shift keying signals at 10 Gb/s. This scheme exploits the amplitude-limiting properties of the FWM process, when proper SOA gain saturation and α-factor depletion result in almost negligible additional phase noise for the converted signal after delay-interferometer demodulation. We report characterization in both the wavelength down- and up-conversion operations, demonstrating sound <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Q</i> -factor improvement (through a factor comprised between 1.4 and 2.4) over a conversion range of about 50 nm.
Synthesis of phenyl pyridines via suzuki cross coupling to test their inhibitory effects on uridine nucleoside ribohydrolase (UNH) (2020)

Trichomoniasis is one of the most common curable sexually transmitted disease that affects 300 million people worldwide and 3.7 million in the United States. Trichomoniasis is caused by the parasitic protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis. The resistance of T. vaginalis to current forms of 5-nitroimidazole treatment: metronidazole and tinidazole, has increased. Meaning that the need for
On Measure Transformed Canonical Correlation Analysis (2012)

In this paper linear canonical correlation analysis (LCCA) is generalized by applying a structured transform to the joint probability distribution of the considered pair of random vectors, i.e., a transformation of the joint probability measure defined on their joint observation space.This framework, called measure transformed canonical correlation analysis (MTCCA), applies LCCA to the data after transformation of the joint probability measure.We show that judicious choice of the transform leads to a modified canonical correlation analysis, which, in contrast to LCCA, is capable of detecting non-linear relationships between the considered pair of random vectors.Unlike kernel canonical correlation analysis, where the transformation is applied to the random vectors, in MTCCA the transformation is applied to their joint probability distribution.This results in performance advantages and reduced implementation complexity.The proposed approach is illustrated for graphical model selection in simulated data having non-linear dependencies, and for measuring long-term associations between companies traded in the NASDAQ and NYSE stock markets.
Raw spectroscopic data for "Cage effects control the mechanism of methane hydroxylation in zeolites" (2021)

This Excel spreadsheet contains all Mössbauer and resonance Raman data presented in the main text of Snyder et al., Science 2021.
Progress in Difluoroalkylation of Organic Substrates by Visible Light Photoredox Catalysis (2019)

The selective incorporation of fluorinated motifs, in particular CF<sub>2</sub>FG (FG=a functional group) and CF<sub>2</sub>H groups, into organic compounds has attrracted increasing attention since organofluorine molecules are of the utmost importance in the areas of nuclear imaging, pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and material sciences. A variety of synthetic approaches has been employed in late-stage difluoroalkylation reactions. Visible light photoredox catalysis for the production of CF<sub>2</sub>FG and CF<sub>2</sub>H radicals has provided a more sustainable alternative to other conventional radical-triggered reactions from the viewpoint of safety, cost, availability, and "green" chemistry. A wide range of difluoroalkylating reagents has been successfully implemented in these organic transformations in the presence of transition metal complexes or organic photocatalysts. In most cases, upon excitation <i>via</i> visible light irradiation with fluorescent light bulbs or blue light-emitting diode (LED) lamps, these photocatalysts can act as both reductive and oxidative quenchers, thus enabling the application of electron-donor or electron-acceptor difluoroalkylating reagents for the generation of CF<sub>2</sub>FG and CF<sub>2</sub>H radicals. Subsequent radical addition to substrates and additional organic transformations afford the corresponding difluoroalkylated derivatives. The present review describes the distinct strategies for the transition metal- and organic-photocatalyzed difluoroalkylation of a broad range of organic substrates by visible light irradiation reported in the literature since 2014.
Choice of allocation granularity in multipath source routing schemes (2002)

Multipath source routing schemes can be distinguished by their choice of allocation granularity. The schemes proposed in the literature advocate a per-connection allocation wherein all the packets of a connection are constrained to follow the same path. The authors believe that a smaller allocation granularity permits a finer control to be exerted and would result in improved performance, especially in the presence of bursty traffic sources. A simple two-node network is used to compare the performance of both allocation schemes. An analytical model is developed to compute the resequencing delay distribution for the per-packet allocation. It is observed that as the burstiness of the arrival process increases, the per-packet allocation is able to accommodate bursts in a more graceful fashion, resulting in better performance. The per-packet allocation also permits a more equitable distribution of network resources than the per-connection.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>