gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Token-Leakage Tolerant and Vector Obfuscated IPE and Application in Privacy-Preserving Two-Party Point/Polynomial Evaluations (2015)

In mobile environments, data stored in nodes are subject to side-channel attacks such as power analysis, emitted signal, detected radiation, etc. In this work, we propose a leakage-resilient inner-product encryption that the decryption will succeed if and only if the decryption attribute vector (generate the token) meets the orthogonal encryption attribute vector (obfuscated encryption policy), that is, the match holds that the inner product of two vectors is zero. Propose scheme supports the security of attribute-hiding and leakage-resilient in the standard model. The adversary cannot only issue any token reveal query on non-match vector, but also can request at most |$\ell $|-bit information on the token-leakage query even if the queried vector matches the challenge vector. We prove the security by the technique of dual system encryption in the orthogonal subgroups, to be strongly leakage-resilient and adaptively attribute-hiding. We also deploy our scheme as a building block to devise a secure two-party point/polynomial evaluation protocol in mobility environments, in which two parties cooperate to evaluate a polynomial in the sense that their sensitive inputs of both point and polynomial are fully preserved. Finally, we assess the performance of leakage resilience including the leakage bound and the leakage fraction (LF). Analysis shows that the leakage bound is approximate |$(n-1)\log {\pi _2}$| and the LF is about |${1}/{2(1+\omega _1+\omega _3)}$|⁠, where |$n$| is the length of vector, |$\pi _2$| is the order of subgroup |$\mathbb {G}_{\pi _2}$| and |$\omega _1,\omega _3$| are the constants. We can obtain optimized LF |$1/2-o(1)$| by varying the sizes of subgroups.
Genetic Tumor Markers With Prognostic Impact in Dukes’ Stages B and C Colorectal Cancer Patients (2003)

The present study indicates that 17p, 18q, and 20q genotypes, and TP53 mutation status add information in the subclassification of Dukes' B and C patients and may have impact on the choice of treatment.
Multiple scan chains for power minimization during test application in sequential circuits (2002)

The paper presents a novel technique for power minimization during test application in sequential circuits using multiple scan chains. The technique is based on a new design for test architecture and a novel test application strategy which reduces spurious transitions in the circuit under test. To facilitate the reduction of spurious transitions, the proposed design for test architecture is based on classifying scan latches into compatible, incompatible and independent scan latches. Based on their classification, the scan latches are partitioned into multiple scan chains and a single extra test vector associated with each scan chain is computed. A new test application strategy which applies the extra test vector to primary inputs while shifting out test responses for each scan chain, minimizes power dissipation by eliminating the spurious transitions which occur in the combinational part of the circuit. The newly introduced multiple scan chain-based technique does not introduce performance degradation and minimizes clock tree power dissipation with minimal impact on both test area and test data overhead. Unlike previous approaches which are test set dependent, and hence are not able to handle large circuits due to the complexity of the design space, the paper shows that with low test area and test data overhead substantial savings in power dissipation during test application are achieved in very low computational time for both small and large test sets. For example, in the case of the benchmark circuit s15850, it takes <6009 in computational time and <1 percent in test area and test data overhead to achieve over 80 percent savings in power dissipation.
Laparoscopic gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor resection: the mayo clinic experience. (2008)

Although technically demanding, the laparoscopic approach to gastric GISTs is safe and effective, resulting in a short hospital stay duration and low morbidity.
Lane recognition system for guiding of autonomous vehicle (2003)

A lane recognition system has been developed with a transputer network. The system includes two algorithms one for the lane recognition and one for the vehicle location recognition in relation to the lane. Hough transform is used to fit the extracted numerical white line data to a straight line for the lane boundary. The location of the vehicle is identified in relation to the lane which is expressed as a triangle that consists of two white lines being recognized and the lower side of the image frame.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Radiation-associated impotence. A clinical study of its mechanism (1984)

External beam pelvic irradiation in men is frequently complicated by erectile dysfunction. We tested the erectile function in 23 patients (mean age, 65 years) who received radiation therapy for prostate cancer. Fifteen patients experienced changes in erectile potency following radiotherapy. Neurological, endocrine, and vascular testing revealed abnormalities in 0, 5, and 15 of these patients, respectively. In two, arteriography revealed bilateral occlusive disease in the distal internal pudendal and penile arteries overlying the pelvic radiation field. A significant difference with cigarette smoking was found among the 15 patients whose erectile capacity decreased and the four patients whose capacity remained unchanged. Vasculogenic impotence is the most consistent organic erectile abnormality in RAI.
Density of states for an electron in a correlated Gaussian random potential: Theory of the Urbach tail (1988)

A detailed study of the density of states (DOS) \ensuremath{\rho}(E) in the tail for an electron in a spatially correlated Gaussian random potential V(x) is presented. For disordered solids characterized by short-range order extending a distance L, of the order of the interatomic spacing, we consider autocorrelation functions B(x)\ensuremath{\equiv}〈V(x)V(0)〉 of the form (i) ${V}_{\mathrm{rms}{}^{2}\mathrm{exp}[\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}(\mathit{\ensuremath{\Vert}}\mathit{x}\mathit{\ensuremath{\Vert}}/\mathit{L}{)}^{m}]}$ for 1\ensuremath{\le}m&lt;\ensuremath{\infty}. For short-range disorder characterized by two correlation lengths ${L}_{1}$ and ${L}_{2}$, we consider the model (ii) B(x)=${\mathit{V}}_{\mathrm{rms}}^{2}$[\ensuremath{\alpha} exp(-${\mathit{x}}^{2}$/${\mathit{L}}_{1}^{2}$)+(1-\ensuremath{\alpha})exp(-${\mathit{x}}^{2}$/${\mathit{L}}_{2}^{2}$)]. Finally, we consider the case of longer-range correlations (iii) B(x)=${\mathit{V}}_{\mathrm{rms}}^{2}$[1+(x/L${)}^{2}$]-${\mathit{m}}_{1}$/2, which may be relevant to system with topological disorder or disordered polar materials in which the randomness may be modeled by frozen-in longitudinal-optical phonons.We find that for reasonable choices of the correlation lengths and rms potential fluctuation that the entire experimentally observable part of the DOS in three dimensions lies in the crossover regime between the shallow energy Halperin-Lax tail \ensuremath{\rho}(E)\ensuremath{\sim}\ensuremath{\Vert}E${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Vert}}}^{3/2}$exp(-const\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\ensuremath{\Vert}E${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Vert}}}^{1/2}$) and the deep Gaussian tail \ensuremath{\rho}(E)\ensuremath{\sim}\ensuremath{\Vert}E${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Vert}}}^{3}$exp(-\ensuremath{\Vert}E${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Vert}}}^{2}$/${2\mathrm{V}}_{\mathrm{rms}}^{2}$) where the energy E is measured relative to the shifted continuum band edge. For systems with rapidly decaying short-range correlations (m\ensuremath{\ge}2) the crossover regime exhibits a linear exponential (Urbach) tail which easily spans five decades in the DOS. The extent of linearity is highly sensitive to the range of the correlation function B(x). The screened-Coulomb impurity model (m=1) requires a screening length considerably smaller than the interatomic spacing to give an Urbach tail. These results are obtained numerically by saddle-point (instanton) evaluation of a replica-functional-integral representation of the one-electron propagator. The instanton method provides an asymptotic expansion for the band-tail DOS, which is nearly exact for all energies below the shifted continuum edge. Comparison is made to the Feynman path-integral method and to a simple physical argument which yields to a high degree of accuracy the results of the instanton method. Our results provide a basis for understanding the extent, precision, and universality of Urbach tails in disordered materials.
OTULIN protects the liver against cell death, inflammation, fibrosis, and cancer (2020)

Methionine-1 (M1)-linked polyubiquitin chains conjugated by the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC) control NF-κB activation, immune homoeostasis, and prevents tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-induced cell death. The deubiquitinase OTULIN negatively regulates M1-linked polyubiquitin signalling by removing the chains conjugated by LUBAC, and OTULIN deficiency causes OTULIN-related autoinflammatory syndrome (ORAS) in humans. However, the cellular pathways and physiological functions controlled by OTULIN remain poorly understood. Here, we show that OTULIN prevents development of liver disease in mice and humans. In an ORAS patient, OTULIN deficiency caused spontaneous and progressive steatotic liver disease at 10-13 months of age. Similarly, liver-specific deletion of OTULIN in mice leads to neonatally onset steatosis and hepatitis, akin to the ORAS patient. OTULIN deficiency triggers metabolic alterations, apoptosis, and inflammation in the liver. In mice, steatosis progresses to steatohepatitis, fibrosis and pre-malignant tumour formation by 8 weeks of age, and by the age of 7-12 months the phenotype has advanced to malignant hepatocellular carcinoma. Surprisingly, the pathology in OTULIN-deficient livers is independent of TNFR1 signalling. Instead, we find that steatohepatitis in OTULIN-deficient livers is associated with aberrant mTOR activation, and inhibition of mTOR by rapamycin administration significantly reduces the liver pathology. Collectively, our results reveal that OTULIN is critical for maintaining liver homoeostasis and suggest that M1-linked polyubiquitin chains may play a role in regulation of mTOR signalling and metabolism in the liver.
Twisted Torus Topologies for Enhanced Interconnection Networks (2010)

Many current parallel computers are built around a torus interconnection network. Machines from Cray, HP, and IBM, among others, make use of this topology. In terms of topological advantages, square (2D) or cubic (3D) tori would be the topologies of choice. However, for different practical reasons, 2D and 3D tori with different number of nodes per dimension have been used. These mixed-radix topologies are not edge symmetric, which translates into poor performance due to an unbalanced use of network resources. In this work, we analyze twisted 2D and 3D mixed-radix tori that remove the network bottlenecks present in nontwisted ones. Such topologies recover edge symmetry, and consequently, balance the utilization of their links. The distance-related properties of twisted tori together with a full characterization of their bisection bandwidth are described in this paper. A simulation-based performance evaluation has been carried out to assess the network performance under synthetic and trace-driven workloads. The obtained results show noticeable and consistent performance gains (up to an increase of 74 percent in accepted load). In addition, we propose scalable and practicable packet routing mechanisms and wiring layouts for these interconnection systems. The complexity of the architectural proposals is similar to the one exhibited by routing and folding mechanisms in standard tori.
Susceptibility of nitinol to localized corrosion (2006)

The effect of different conditions on the susceptibility of nitinol to localized corrosion was examined using the cyclic potentiodynamic polarization technique. Tests were performed on mechanically polished (MP) and electropolished (EP) nitinol wire in 0.9 wt % NaCl and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). A polarization curve was also obtained for an EP stent in the NaCl. Differences between the breakdown potential and the corrosion potential (E(corr)) and between the protection potential and E(corr) were used to evaluate the susceptibility to pitting corrosion and crevice corrosion, respectively. The type of solution and, particularly, the surface condition affected the resistance of nitinol to pitting corrosion. Both EP and MP nitinol were more susceptible to breakdown in the NaCl than in PBS, indicating that the NaCl provides a more severe test environment than does PBS. Electropolishing increased the breakdown resistance of nitinol in PBS and the NaCl, as found in previous studies with Hank's solution. Surface condition, however, did not have a significant effect on the repassivation behavior of nitinol, as is also the case with titanium. The EP wire and stent showed similar breakdown and repassivation behavior in the NaCl, suggesting that the nature of the EP surface was similar in both cases.
Enhanced release of acid sphingomyelinase-enriched exosomes generates a lipidomics signature in CSF of Multiple Sclerosis patients (2018)

Multiple Sclerosis (MuS) is a complex multifactorial neuropathology, resulting in heterogeneous clinical presentation. A very active MuS research field concerns the discovery of biomarkers helpful to make an early and definite diagnosis. The sphingomyelin pathway has emerged as a molecular mechanism involved in MuS, since high levels of ceramides in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were related to axonal damage and neuronal dysfunction. Ceramides are the hydrolysis products of sphingomyelins through a reaction catalyzed by a family of enzymes named sphingomyelinases, which were recently related to myelin repair in MuS. Here, using a lipidomic approach, we observed low levels of several sphingomyelins in CSF of MuS patients compared to other inflammatory and non-inflammatory, central or peripheral neurological diseases. Starting by this result, we investigated the sphingomyelinase activity in CSF, showing a significantly higher enzyme activity in MuS. In support of these results we found high number of total exosomes in CSF of MuS patients and a high number of acid sphingomyelinase-enriched exosomes correlated to enzymatic activity and to disease severity. These data are of diagnostic relevance and show, for the first time, high number of acid sphingomyelinase-enriched exosomes in MuS, opening a new window for therapeutic approaches/targets in the treatment of MuS.
Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Glycated Proteins in Human Plasma by Glucose Isotopic Labeling with 13C6-Reducing Sugars (2011)

Glucose is the predominant source of energy in cells. However, a chronic high glucose exposure of proteins modifies a number of biological pathways, known as glucotoxicity. Several studies have suggested that this impaired protein function is associated in part to protein glycation. However, despite the evidence of this glucotoxicity on tissues and cells, the exact mechanisms underlying the loss of protein function by glycation are not well understood. Strategies that will allow the discovery of the identity and function of the glycated plasma proteins generated by chronic hyperglycemia would be of a considerable help to further understand the underlying mechanisms implicated in protein dysfunction associated with glucotoxicity. The present chapter describes an innovative and interdisciplinary proteomics strategy to achieve a comprehensive identification and quantification of glycated proteins in plasma. This should provide new molecular insights into protein glycation mechanisms and identify new targets to improve the subsequent defective protein function.
Brief report: A human induced pluripotent stem cell model of cernunnos deficiency reveals an important role for XLF in the survival of the primitive hematopoietic progenitors (2013)

Cernunnos (also known as XLF) deficiency syndrome is a rare recessive autosomal disorder caused by mutations in the XLF gene, a key factor involved in the end joining step of DNA during nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) process. Human patients with XLF mutations display microcephaly, developmental and growth delays, and severe immunodeficiency. While the clinical phenotype of DNA damage disorders, including XLF Syndrome, has been described extensively, the underlying mechanisms of disease onset, are as yet, undefined. We have been able to generate an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) model of XLF deficiency, which accurately replicates the double-strand break repair deficiency observed in XLF patients. XLF patient-specific iPSCs (XLF-iPSC) show typical expression of pluripotency markers, but have altered in vitro differentiation capacity and an inability to generate teratomas comprised of all three germ layers in vivo. Our results demonstrate that XLF-iPSCs possess a weak NHEJ-mediated DNA repair capacity that is incapable of coping with the DNA lesions introduced by physiological stress, normal metabolism, and ionizing radiation. XLF-iPSC lines are capable of hematopoietic differentiation; however, the more primitive subsets of hematopoietic progenitors display increased apoptosis in culture and an inability to repair DNA damage. Together, our findings highlight the importance of NHEJ-mediated-DNA repair in the maintenance of a pristine pool of hematopoietic progenitors during human embryonic development.
Large-scale enzymatic synthesis of oligosaccharides. (2000)

The increasing recognition of the roles of carbohydrates in fundamental biological processes and their potential as new therapeutics has accentuated the requirement for access to large quantities of varying carbohydrate structures. During the past two years, tremendous advances have been made in the large-scale enzymatic synthesis of oligosaccharides using isolated enzymes or engineered whole cells. Glycosidase mutants, namely glycosynthases, have been constructed to increase both the yields and selectivity of the glycoside bond formation. The use of glycosyltransferases in oligosaccharide synthesis has been further improved by fusing a glycosyltransferase with a sugar nucleotide-synthesizing enzyme and by various routes of in situ sugar nucleotide regeneration. Moreover, several sugar nucleotides and oligosaccharides were produced economically by a combination of recombinant microorganisms harboring sugar nucleotide biosynthesis genes and a glycosyltransferase gene.
Selection Processing in Noun and Verb Production in Left- and Right-Sided Parkinson's Disease Patients (2018)

Verbs are more difficult to produce than nouns. Thus, if executive resources are reduced as in Parkinson's disease (PD), verbs are penalized compared to nouns. However, in an experimental condition in which it is the noun that must be selected from a larger number of alternatives compared to the verb, it is the noun production that becomes slower and more prone to errors. Indeed, patients are slower and less accurate than normal subjects when required to produce nouns from verbs (VN) in a morphology derivation tasks (e.g., "osservazione" from "osservare") ["observation" from "observe"] than verbs from nouns in a morphology generation task, in which only a verb can be generated from the noun (NV) (e.g., "fallire" from "fallimento") ["to fail" from "failure"]. In the Italian language morphology, in fact, generation and derivation tasks differ in the number of lexical entries among which the response must be selected. The left Inferior Frontal Gyrus (IFG) has been demonstrated to be involved in selection processes. In the present study, we explored if the ability to select words is related to the cortical thickness of the left IFG. Twelve right-sided PD with nigrostriatal hypofunctionality in the left hemisphere (RPD-LH), 9 left-sided PD with nigrostriatal hypofunctionality in the right hemisphere (LPD-RH) and 19 healthy controls (HC) took part in the study. NV and VN production tasks were administered; accuracy and reaction times (RTs) were collected. All 40 subjects received a structural MRI examination. Cortical thickness of the IFG and volumetric measurements for subcortical regions, thought to support selection processes, were computed using FreeSurfer. In VN derivation tasks RPD-LH patients were less accurate than LPD-RH patients (accuracy: 66% vs. 77%). No difference emerged among the three groups in RTs. Task accuracy/RTs and IFG thickness showed a significant correlation only in RPD-LH. Not only nouns (as expected) but also verbs were correlated with cortical thickness. This suggests that the linguistic nature of the stimuli along with executive resources are both relevant during word selection processes. Our data confirm that executive resources and language interact in the left IFG in word production tasks.
CoAPI: An Efficient Two-Phase Algorithm Using Core-Guided Over-Approximate Cover for Prime Compilation of Non-Clausal Formulae (2019)

Prime compilation, i.e., the generation of all prime implicates or implicants (primes for short) of formulae, is a prominent fundamental issue for AI. Recently, the prime compilation for non-clausal formulae has received great attention. The state-of-the-art approaches generate all primes along with a prime cover constructed by prime implicates using dual rail encoding. However, the dual rail encoding potentially expands search space. In addition, constructing a prime cover, which is necessary for their methods, is time-consuming. To address these issues, we propose a novel two-phase method -- CoAPI. The two phases are the key to construct a cover without using dual rail encoding. Specifically, given a non-clausal formula, we first propose a core-guided method to rewrite the non-clausal formula into a cover constructed by over-approximate implicates in the first phase. Then, we generate all the primes based on the cover in the second phase. In order to reduce the size of the cover, we provide a multi-order based shrinking method, with a good tradeoff between the small size and efficiency, to compress the size of cover considerably. The experimental results show that CoAPI outperforms state-of-the-art approaches. Particularly, for generating all prime implicates, CoAPI consumes about one order of magnitude less time.