gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Auto-Compressing Subset Pruning for Semantic Image Segmentation (2022)

State-of-the-art semantic segmentation models are characterized by high parameter counts and slow inference times, making them unsuitable for deployment in resource-constrained environments. To address this challenge, we propose \textsc{Auto-Compressing Subset Pruning}, \acosp, as a new online compression method. The core of \acosp consists of learning a channel selection mechanism for individual channels of each convolution in the segmentation model based on an effective temperature annealing schedule. We show a crucial interplay between providing a high-capacity model at the beginning of training and the compression pressure forcing the model to compress concepts into retained channels. We apply \acosp to \segnet and \pspnet architectures and show its success when trained on the \camvid, \city, \voc, and \ade datasets. The results are competitive with existing baselines for compression of segmentation models at low compression ratios and outperform them significantly at high compression ratios, yielding acceptable results even when removing more than $93\%$ of the parameters. In addition, \acosp is conceptually simple, easy to implement, and can readily be generalized to other data modalities, tasks, and architectures. Our code is available at \url{https://github.com/merantix/acosp}.
First Stereoselective Synthesis of a Pro-ProE-Alkene Dipeptide Isostere (2005)

A stereoselective synthesis of a proline-proline E-alkene isostere is described. Starting from N-Boc-l-proline the new stereo­center is generated by diastereoselective alkenylation and sub­sequent Ireland-Claisen rearrangement. The relative configuration of the double bond and the new generated stereocenter were determined by X-ray crystallography.
Fast renal trapping of porcine Luteinizing Hormone (pLH) shown by 123I-scintigraphic imaging in rats explains its short circulatory half-life (2003)

In both the porcine and rat species, the liver is not responsible for the rapid elimination of pLH from the circulation compared to eCG. Our scintigraphic experiments suggest that the very short circulatory half-life of LH is due to rapid renal trapping.
Corticotrophin Releasing Hormone: Chemistry and Recent Developments (2004)

Corticotrophin Releasing Hormone [CRH; also known as Corticotrophin Releasing Factor (CRF)], a 41-amino-acid hormone, is one of the body’ major modulators of the stress response. CRH coordinates the endocrine, autonomic, and behavioural responses to stress through actions in both the brain and the periphery activating the ‘fight or flight’ response. CRH is also implicated in various neurological disorders including Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and anorexia nervosa, and it has been described as a biological clock controlling the length of gestation in humans and other higher-order primates. In the past decade there has been an enormous effort expended in the design and development of new therapeutic agents targetting CRHs in the central nervous and peripheral systems. In this review, we examine the chemistry and recent developments in this exciting field.
Kinetic and Antigenic Characterization of Altered Protein Synthesis by Campylobacter jejuni during Cultivation with Human Epithelial Cells (1993)

Cultivation of Campylobacter jejuni with INT 407 cell monolayer cultures results in new or enhanced synthesis of a number of proteins compared with bacteria cultured in the absence of the epithelial cells. These proteins were detected within 60 min after the addition of the bacteria to the epithelial cell cultures, and their synthesis was temporally associated with an increase in C. jejuni internalization. A rabbit antiserum raised against bacteria that were cultivated with INT 407 cells recognized nine proteins that were not recognized by an antiserum against C. jejuni cultivated in medium alone. The former antiserum inhibited the internalization, but not the binding, of Campylobacter jejuni in a dose-dependent fashion. The results suggest that one or more of the proteins synthesized by C. jejuni in response to cocultivation with epithelial cells plays a role in facilitating internalization.
Vertical Measurements in Oblique Aerial Imagery (2014)

This article first introduces oblique aerial imagery, then describes how vertical distances can be measured once the pixel distances of the original pictures are known. The calculations require that, not only all camera settings be known, but also that one relies on the availability of detailed digital terrain and digital surface models (DSM and DTM), in order to provide the necessary ground level for calculating vertical distances. The algorithm is finally implemented in an online viewer.
Vibrational Cooling in Oligomeric Viologens of Different Sizes and Topologies (2019)

Vibrational cooling was investigated in a set of homologous dimers and trimers with methyl viologen repeat units (MV<sup>2+</sup>). The rapid, <500 fs decay of the D<sub>1</sub> excited state of monoreduced viologen (MV<sup>+•</sup>) via a conical intersection allows the preparation of a vibrationally hot D<sub>0</sub> ground state with a large excess energy of 1.7 eV, which is equivalent to the initial effective temperature of ∼800 K. Pump-probe spectroscopy was used to monitor the disappearance of the characteristic D<sub>0</sub> → D<sub>1</sub> hot absorption band, which appears at longer wavelengths than the steady-state spectrum of "cold" MV<sup>+•</sup> in equilibrium with the solvent. It is assumed that the vibrational excitation of the ground is initially confined to the same monoreduced viologen repeat unit, which was optically excited to the localized electronic D<sub>1</sub> state, although some degree of redistribution may occur already in the excited state. The observed cooling rates depend on the size and topology of the oligomer, with the linear trimer exhibiting significantly faster thermalization than the branched one. The experimental results were corroborated by molecular dynamics simulations carried out in the harmonic approximation. The dynamics of the thermal equilibration in these systems appears to be consistent with primarily ballistic initial propagation of the vibrational excess energy over distances as large as ∼4 nm and suggests the presence of interference between the equivalent pathways in the branched trimer.
Protoporphyrinogen IX-oxidizing activities involved in the mode of action of peroxidizing Herbicides (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProtoporphyrinogen IX-oxidizing activities involved in the mode of action of peroxidizing HerbicidesHee Jae Lee and Stephen O. DukeCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1994, 42, 11, 2610–2618Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00047a044https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00047a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views215Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Adaptometría: I. Tablas de valores normales de umbrales absolutos y punto alfa (1979)

Se presentan tablas de valores normales de umbrales luminosos absolutos en cada minuto a lo largo de la curva de adaptacion convencional con el aparato de Goldmann-Weekers, para cada decada, asi como los datos relativos a la situacion temporal del punto alfa adaptometrico.
Modeling the Transient Absorption of Particulate Drugs in the Human Upper Airways (2020)

Predicting the dynamics of aerosols in the respiratory tract is crucial for the analysis of toxic effects of particulate matters and to the respiratory targeted drug delivery. The present work focuses on evaluating the transient absorption of drug particles on the airway walls of the respiratory tract. For this purpose, simulations of airflow and particulate matters inside a three-dimensional model of respiratory airways were coupled to a one-dimensional drug absorption model. The drug absorption from mucus to the respiratory walls was studied using the transient mass transfer equations in a multilayer model. Different breathing rates of 5, 7.5, and 10 Lit/min were considered in the simulations. Particles with different sizes of 2, 5, 10, and 30µm were released at the entrance of the oral cavity during the inspiration phase. The airflow velocity distribution, particle concentration, and flux of drugs at the interface of mucus-tissue were studied in detail. The transient absorption process that occurred over the breathing time considered of 4 s was evaluated. The results showed that the drug mass flow rate at the mucus-tissue interface and the drug concentration in the tissue layer decreases with time. Also, it was found that after inspiration, the location of the maximum concentration changes from mucus to the tissue layer.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Disubstituted Pyrimidines as Selective 5-HT2C Agonists (2019)

Here, we describe the synthesis of disubstituted pyrimidine derivatives and their biological evaluation as selective 5-HT<sub>2C</sub> agonists. To improve selectivity for 5-HT<sub>2C</sub> over other subtypes, we synthesized two series of disubstituted pyrimidines with fluorophenylalkoxy groups at either the 5-position or 4-position and varying cyclic amines at the 2-position. The in vitro cell-based assay and binding assay identified compounds <b>10a</b> and <b>10f</b> as potent 5-HT<sub>2C</sub> agonists. Further studies on selectivity to 5-HT subtypes and drug-like properties indicated that 2,4-disubstituted pyrimidine <b>10a</b> showed a highly agonistic effect on the 5-HT<sub>2C</sub> receptor, with excellent selectivity, as well as exceptional drug-like properties, including high plasma and microsomal stability, along with low CYP inhibition. Thus, pyrimidine <b>10a</b> could be considered a viable lead compound as a 5-HT<sub>2C</sub> selective agonist.
Cardiac-Specific IGF-1 Receptor Transgenic Expression Protects Against Cardiac Fibrosis and Diastolic Dysfunction in a Mouse Model of Diabetic (2010)

OBJECTIVE—Compelling epidemiological and clinical evidence has identified a specific cardiomyopathy in diabetes, characterized by early diastolic dysfunction and adverse structural remodeling. Activation of the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) receptor (IGF-1R) promotes physiological cardiac growth and enhances contractile function. The aim of the present study was to examine whether cardiac-specific overexpression of IGF-1R prevents diabetes-induced myocardial remodeling and dysfunction associated with a murine model of diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Type 1 diabetes was induced in 7-week-old male IGF-1R transgenic mice using streptozotocin and followed for 8 weeks. Diastolic and systolic function was assessed using Doppler and M-mode echocardiography, respectively, in addition to cardiac catheterization. Cardiac fibrosis and cardiomyocyte width, heart weight index, gene expression, Akt activity, and IGF-1R protein content were also assessed. RESULTS—Nontransgenic (Ntg) diabetic mice had reduced initial (E)-to-second (A) blood flow velocity ratio (E:A ratio) and prolonged deceleration times on Doppler echocardiography compared with nondiabetic counterparts, indicative markers of diastolic dysfunction. Diabetes also increased cardiomyocyte width, collagen deposition, and prohypertrophic and profibrotic gene expression compared with Ntg nondiabetic littermates. Overexpression of the IGF-1R transgene markedly reduced collagen deposition, accompanied by a reduction in the incidence of diastolic dysfunction. Akt phosphorylation was elevated 15fold in IGF-1R nondiabetic mice compared with Ntg, and this was maintained in a setting of diabetes. CONCLUSIONS—The current study suggests that cardiac overexpression of IGF-1R prevented diabetes-induced cardiac fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction. Targeting IGF-1R‐Akt signaling may represent a therapeutic target for the treatment of diabetic cardiac disease. Diabetes 59:1512–1520, 2010
A Note on a Simple Transmission Formula (1946)

A simple transmission formula for a radio circuit is derived. The utility of the formula is emphasized and its limitations are discussed.
[The resurgence of the plague]. (2016)

Plague was one of the most devastating diseases of human history until vaccination and antibiotic therapy considerably reduced the number of cases. Nowadays plague tends to be considered a disease of ancient times. However the disease has never disappeared and persists in its animal reservoir. Natural endemic foci still remain in three continents and other foci that were considered cleared of plague re-emerge. Plague importation may also occur everywhere in the world. The two main clinical forms are the bubonic plague and the pneumonic plague. If not treated by appropriate antibiotics, the mortality rate is 40-70% for the bubonic form and 100% for the pneumonic form. A prompt clinical diagnosis is essential. If plague is suspected, antibiotics are given immediately after clinical samples are taken and diagnosis is confirmed by the presence of Yersinia pestis in the samples.
A direct-execution framework for fast and accurate simulation of superscalar processors (2002)

Multiprocessor system evaluation has traditionally been based on direct-execution based Execution-Driven Simulations (EDS). In such environments, the processor component of the system is not fully modeled. With wide issue superscalar processors being the norm in today's multiprocessor nodes, there is an urgent need for modeling the processor accurately. However, using direct execution to model a superscalar processor has been considered an open problem. Hence, current approaches model the processor by interpreting the application executable. Unfortunately, this approach can be slow. In this paper, we propose a novel direct-execution framework that allows accurate simulation of wide-issue superscalar processors without the need for code interpretation. This is achieved with the aid of an Interface Window between the front-end and the architectural simulator, that buffers the necessary information. This eliminates the need for full-fledged instruction emulation. Overall, this approach enables detailed yet fast EDS of superscalar processors. Finally, we evaluate the framework and show good performance for uni- and multiprocessor configurations.
New observations in renal transplants using ultrasound (1978)

New observations in renal transplants using ultrasoundMR Conrad, R Dickerman, IL Love, T Curry, P Peters, A Hull, M Lerman and H HeldermanAudio Available | Share
GENERAL DISCUSSION: WATER AND ITS CONDUCTION IN SOILS (1961)

THE CHAIRMAN DISCUSSES SOLUTIONS FOR MACROSCOPIC SOIL- WATER PROBLEMS. THE MOVEMENT OF MOISTURE IN SOILS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF THERMAL GRADIENTS IS DISCUSSED. IT IS OBSERVED THAT THE PATH BY WHICH WATER MOVES THROUGH A POROUS SYSTEM WILL DEPEND ON THE ENERGY NECESSARY FOR THAT MOVEMENT. MR ROLLINS AGREES WITH MR. LOW THAT IT IS POSSIBLE TO HAVE SYSTEMS WHERE MOVEMENT WILL OCCUR IN THE LIQUID PHASE AND IN THE VAPOR PHASE. BOTH OF THESE MECHANISMS CAN OCCUR TO SOME DEGREE SIMULTANEOUSLY, WITH LIQUID FLOW IN HIGHLY PLASTIC SYSTEMS AND VAPOR FLOW PREDOMINATING IN THE LESS PLASTIC SYSTEMS. THE AFFECT OF THE ADDITION OF SALT TO MOIST SOIL IS DISCUSSED. THE CHAIRMAN OBSERVES THAT WITH RESPECT TO THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF MOIST SOILS THERE IS THE NECESSITY OF HAVING SEVERAL TRANSPORTATION MECHANISMS ACTING AT THE SAME TIME IN ORDER TO ACCOUNT FOR THE ACTUAL MAGNITUDE OF THE TOTAL AFFECT.
Acyl carrier protein (ACP) import into chloroplasts does not require the phosphopantetheine: evidence for a chloroplast holo-ACP synthase. (1990)

Import of the acyl carrier protein (ACP) precursor into the chloroplast resulted in two products of about 14 kilodalton (kD) and 18 kD when analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Time course experiments indicate that the latter is a modification derivative of the 14-kD peptide after the removal of the transit peptide. Substitution of serine 38 by alanine, eliminating the phosphopantetheine prosthetic group attachment site of ACP, produced a precursor mutant that gave rise to only the 14-kD peptide during import, showing that the modified form depends on the presence of serine 38. Furthermore, these results demonstrate that the prosthetic group is not essential for ACP translocation across the envelope or proteolytic processing. Analysis of the products of import by nondenaturing, conformationally sensitive gels showed reversal of the relative mobility of the 14-kD peptide and the modified form, raising the possibility that the modification is the addition of the phosphopantetheine. Proteolytic processing and the modification reaction were reconstituted in an organelle-free assay. The addition of coenzyme A to the organelle-free assay completely converted the 14-kD peptide to the modified form at 10 micromolar, and this only occurred with the wild-type substrate. Reciprocally, treatment of the products of a modification reaction with Escherichia coli phosphodiesterase converted the modified ACP from back to the 14-kD peptide. These results strongly support the conclusion that there is a holo-ACP synthase in the soluble compartment of the chloroplast capable of transferring the phosphopantetheine of coenzyme A to ACP.
Collagen Synthesis in Xenopus Oocytes after Injection of Nuclear RNA of Frog Embryos (1972)

A messenger RNA fraction from polysomes of frog larvae or RNA preparations from isolated nuclei of developing frog embryos were injected into growing Xenopus laevis oocytes that were incubated with labeled proline. Column chromatography of protein hydrolyzates revealed labeled hydroxyproline after injection of the messenger RNA fraction and neurula nuclear RNA, indicating that the injected material had promoted collagen synthesis.
Looking at Patent Law: Patenting an Electrochemical Invention for Recycling Electronic Waste – A Case Study (2021)

In this installment of the “Looking at Patent Law” series, we present a case study of the prosecution of U.S. Patent No. 9,777,346 directed towards “Methods for Recovering Metals from Electronic Waste, and Related Systems” assigned to Battelle Energy Alliance, LLC of Idaho Falls, ID. This case was chosen to coincide with the focus of this issue of Interface on electrochemical recycling. The case study begins with a brief synopsis of the background of the invention followed by 1) a discussion of the patent applications associated with the invention, 2) inventor assignment and power of attorney designations, 3) submission of an information disclosure statement and duty of candor, 4) summary of office actions, 5) summary of applicant response to non-final rejection, and 6) allowance of the patent application. The applicants made substantial use of continuation applications. The continuation applications resulted in the issuance of two additional patents, U.S. Patent No. 10,378,081 and U.S. Patent No. 11,035,023. These additional patents added both broader and focused claims for the subject invention. With this case study, we hope to de-mystify the patent prosecution process and better prepare electrochemical and solid-state scientists, engineers and technologists to interact with their patent counsel regarding their inventions.
Continuous emulsion polymerization of vinyl acetate. II Operation in a single Couette–Taylor vortex flow reactor using sodium lauryl sulfate as emulsifier (2002)

Abstract Continuous emulsion polymerizations of vinyl acetate were conducted at 50°C in a single continuous Couette–Taylor vortex flow reactor (CCTVFR) using sodium lauryl sulfate as emulsifier and potassium persulfate as initiator. The polymerization can be carried out very smoothly and stably, but the steady‐state monomer conversion attained in a CCTVFR is not as high as that in a plug flow reactor (PFR), but only slightly higher than that in a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR), even if the Taylor number is adjusted to an optimum value. Also, the effects of operating variables, such as the emulsifier, initiator, and monomer concentrations in the feed and the mean residence time on the kinetic behaviors were almost the same as those observed in a CSTR. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 2755–2762, 2002
5-Aminolevulinic Acid Photodynamic Therapy: Where We Have Been and Where We Are Going (2004)

The use of 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy with short-contact, full-face broad-application therapy is now able to bridge the world of medical and cosmetic dermatologic surgery. This therapy is available for all dermatologists to utilize in the care of their patients.
Speech recognition from GSM codec parameters (1998)

Speech coding affects speech recognition performance, with recognition accuracy deteriorating as the coded bit rate decreases.Virtually all systems that recognize coded speech reconstruct the speech waveform from the coded parameters, and then perform recognition (after possible noise and/or channel compensation) using conventional techniques.In this paper we compare the recognition accuracy of coded speech obtained by reconstructing the speech waveform with the speech recognition accuracy obtained when using cepstral features derived from the coding parameters.We focus our efforts on speech that has been coded using the 13-kbps full-rate GSM codec, a Regular Pulse Excited Long Term Prediction (RPE-LTP) codec.The GSM codec develops separate representations for the linear prediction (LPC) filter and the residual signal components of the coded speech.We measure the effects of quantization and coding on the accuracy with which these parameters are represented, and present two different methods for recombining them for speech recognition purposes.We observe that by selectively combining the cepstral streams representing the LPC parameters and the residual signal it is possible to obtain recognition accuracy directly from the coded parameters that equals or exceeds the recognition accuracy obtained from the reconstructed waveforms.
Fixation of a Trabecular Metal Knee Arthroplasty Component (2009)

This study suggests that the Trabecular Metal component may be an effective alternative to the standard cemented tibial component.