gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of carbon nanotubes on developing zebrafish (Danio Rerio) embryos (2007)

The impact of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the aquatic environment was investigated by examining the properties of raw CNTs under several environmental conditions and using developing zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. The agglomerate size for single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs) was significantly larger at pH 11 or greater and was stable at temperatures from 4 to 40 degrees C and salinities from 0 to 30 ppt. Exposure to SWCNTs induced a significant hatching delay in zebrafish embryos between 52 to 72 h postfertilization (hpf) at concentrations of greater than 120 mg/L, but 99% of the exposed embryos hatched by 75 hpf. Double-walled CNTs also induced a hatching delay at concentrations of greater than 240 mg/L, but carbon black did not affect hatching at the concentrations tested. Molecular and cellular analysis showed that the embryonic development of the exposed embryos up to 96 hpf was not affected at SWCNT concentrations of up to 360 mg/L. Scanning-electron microscopic inspection showed that the size of the pores on the embryo chorion was nanoscaled and that the size of SWCNT agglomerates was microscaled or larger, indicating that the chorion of zebrafish embryos was an effective protective barrier to SWCNT agglomerates. The hatching delay observed in this study likely was induced by the Co and Ni catalysts used in the production of SWCNTs that remained at trace concentrations after purification. This study suggests that materials associated with raw SWCNTs (perhaps metal contaminants) have the potential to affect aquatic life when released into the aquatic environment.
Benefits of Allopurinol Treatment on Blood Pressure and Renal Function in Patients with Early Stage of Chronic Kidney Disease. (2015)

The study results confirmed that 12 weeks of allopurinol treatment affects the values of serum uric acid, BP and GFR in early stage of CKD patients who already received standard antihypertensive agents without any significant serious adverse effects.
Changes in Serum Immunoglobulin G Levels as a Marker for Cryptosporidium sp. Infection in Peruvian Children (2005)

In a retrospective analysis, we assessed the usefulness of two serologic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays as epidemiologic tools for the detection of cryptosporidiosis episodes in children from a Peruvian community. The incidence rate determined by the serologic assay was higher than the rate determined by stool microscopy (0.77 versus 0.41 infection/child-year of surveillance).
An accurate and fast behavioral model for PLL Frequency Synthesizer phase noise/spurs prediction (2009)

This paper presents a behavior model for PLL Frequency Synthesizer. All the noise sources are modeled with noise voltages or currents in time-domain. An accurate VCO noise model is introduced, including both thermal noise and 1/f noise. The behavioral model can be co-simulated with transistor level circuits with fast speed and provides more accurate phase noise and spurs prediction. Comparison shows that simulation results match very well with measurement results.
Study on Text-based and Voice-based Dialogue Interfaces for Human-Computer Interactions in a Blocks World (2020)

We conducted a small scale user study to understand user experiences with two different forms of dialogue interfaces - text-based and voice-based - to interact with a virtual agent in a Blocks World environment while perform tower building tasks. The participants also had the option of using deictic gestures in addition to the speech modality. We identify common types of errors/issues that led to communication failures and share our observations about how users reacted to these issues. We also present survey data that reflects users' evaluations of the dialogue interfaces and their interactions with the virtual agent.
Cardiac contractility modulation by electric currents applied during the refractory period (2002)

Inotropic effects of electric currents applied during the refractory period have been reported in cardiac muscle in vitro using voltage-clamp techniques. We investigated how electric currents modulate cardiac contractility in normal canine hearts in vivo. Six dogs were instrumented to measure regional segment length, ventricular volume (sonomicrometry), and ventricular pressure. Cardiac contractility modulating (CCM) electric currents (biphasic square pulses, amplitude +/-20 mA, total duration 30 ms) were delivered during the refractory period between pairs of electrodes placed on anterior and posterior walls. CCM significantly increased index of global contractility (E(es)) from 5.9 +/- 2.9 to 8.3 +/- 4.6 mmHg/ml with anterior CCM, from 5.3 +/- 1.8 to 8.9 +/- 4.0 mmHg/ml with posterior CCM, and from 6.1 +/- 2.6 to 11.0 +/- 7.0 mmHg/ml with combined CCM (P < 0.01, no significant change in volume axis intercept). End-systolic pressure-segment length relations showed contractility enhancement near CCM delivery sites, but not remotely. Relaxation was not influenced. CCM increased mean aortic pressure, but did not change peripheral resistance. Locally applied electrical currents enhanced global cardiac contractility via regional changes in myocardial contractility without impairing relaxation in situ.
Block-decoded sense-amplifier driver for high-speed sensing in DRAM's (1992)

Safe sensing of the weak cell signal in DRAMs with low sense signals and fast sensing with low peak currents, both important design demands in 64- and 256-Mb DRAM development, are addressed. A block-decoded sense-amplifier driver concept is proposed. Optimized trigger pulse shapes are formed with local driver circuits to achieve high sensing safety at the beginning of the sensing period as well as fast amplification in the cell block containing the addressed memory cell. The nonaddressed blocks are triggered more slowly to reduce the peak current. Thus, reliable sensing of small initial sense signals is obtained in the shortest possible time, while the total current is kept small. As an example, for a 16-Mb DRAM, the sensing time-and hence the access time-can be reduced by at least 5 ns and is about 50% of the conventional sensing time.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Standardization of analysis sets for reporting results from ADNI MRI data (2012)

The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) three-dimensional T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) acquisitions provide a rich data set for developing and testing analysis techniques for extracting structural endpoints. To promote greater rigor in analysis and meaningful comparison of different algorithms, the ADNI MRI Core has created standardized analysis sets of data comprising scans that met minimum quality control requirements. We encourage researchers to test and report their techniques against these data. Standard analysis sets of volumetric scans from ADNI-1 have been created, comprising screening visits, 1-year completers (subjects who all have screening, 6- and 12-month scans), 2-year annual completers (screening, 1-year and 2-year scans), 2-year completers (screening, 6-months, 1-year, 18-months [mild cognitive impaired (MCI) only], and 2-year scans), and complete visits (screening, 6-month, 1-year, 18-month [MCI only], 2-year, and 3-year [normal and MCI only] scans). As the ADNI-GO/ADNI-2 data become available, updated standard analysis sets will be posted regularly.
Manipulation of exchange coupling energy in a few-electron double quantum dot (2008)

We have used a hybrid vertical-lateral double quantum dot to study the excitation energy spectrum for one- and two-electron states, which are effectively formed on top of a certain core shell. We have observed bonding and antibonding states, and exchange coupled singlet and triplet states for the one- and two-electron states, respectively, and derived the interdot tunnel coupling and exchange coupling energies for various parameters of interdot level detuning, central gate voltage and magnetic field. The obtained exchange coupling energy is consistently reproduced by calculation using the Hund-Mulliken method.
Elevation of Global O-GlcNAc Levels in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes by Selective Inhibition of O-GlcNAcase Does Not Induce Insulin Resistance (2008)

The O-GlcNAc post-translational modification is considered to act as a sensor of nutrient flux through the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway. A cornerstone of this hypothesis is that global elevation of protein O-GlcNAc levels, typically induced with the non-selective O-GlcNAcase inhibitor PUGNAc (O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glycopyranosylidene) amino-N-phenylcarbamate), causes insulin resistance in adipocytes. Here we address the potential link between elevated O-GlcNAc and insulin resistance by using a potent and selective inhibitor of O-GlcNAcase (NButGT (1,2-dideoxy-2'-propyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoso-[2,1-D]-Delta 2'-thiazoline), 1200-fold selectivity). A comparison of the structures of a bacterial homologue of O-GlcNAcase in complex with PUGNAc or NButGT reveals that these inhibitors bind to the same region of the active site, underscoring the competitive nature of their inhibition of O-GlcNAcase and the molecular basis of selectivity. Treating 3T3-L1 adipocytes with NButGT induces rapid increases in global O-GlcNAc levels, but strikingly, NButGT treatment does not replicate the insulin desensitizing effects of the non-selective O-GlcNAcase inhibitor PUGNAc. Consistent with these observations, NButGT also does not recapitulate the impaired insulin-mediated phosphorylation of Akt that is induced by treatment with PUGNAc. Collectively, these results suggest that increases in global levels of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins of cultured adipocytes do not, on their own, cause insulin resistance.
Practical Guide to Syntactic Analysis (1997)

A complete resource for students and practitioners of syntax at all levels, this guide covers matters most textbooks do not address. Founded in 1983, the Center for the Study of Language and Information launched its publishing program under the imprint of CSLI Publications to promote scholarship in linguistics, logic, philosophy, psychology, computer science, and other fields in cognitive science that contribute to the development of theories of language and information. The University of Chicago Press distributes nearly all CSLI Publications titles. Notable CSLI series include Stanford Monographs in Linguistics, offering exploratory works that employ new linguistic data; Studies in Constraint-Based Lexicalism, intended to disperse nonderivational, lexicalist approaches to grammar to a wide audience of linguists; and the Kant Lecture Series, which reports on current research in a manner accessible to the broader community of scholars, educators, students, and the public at large. Other CSLI series include Studies in Logic, Language and Information; The David Hume Series of Philosophy and Cognitive Science Reissues; Dissertations in Linguistics; Studies in Japanese Linguistics; and Stanford Monographs in African Languages.
T‐Wave Area Predicts Response to Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in Patients with Left Bundle Branch Block (2014)

In patients with LBBB morphology of the QRS complex, a larger baseline T-wave area is an important independent predictor of LVEF increase following CRT.
The Pathophysiology and Care of Exercise Related Muscle Cramps (2015)

Cramps are major concerns to competing athletes. The pain alone is not object of treatment as serious metabolic disturbance of electrolyte must gets due consideration. The phenomenon is dealt with some patho-physiological details and relevant clinical information, important as first hand understanding for the sports persons and their care givers.
Comprehensive Identification and Spatial Mapping of Habenular Neuronal Types Using Single-Cell RNA-Seq (2018)

The identification of cell types and marker genes is critical for dissecting neural development and function, but the size and complexity of the brain has hindered the comprehensive discovery of cell types. We combined single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) with anatomical brain registration to create a comprehensive map of the zebrafish habenula, a conserved forebrain hub involved in pain processing and learning. Single-cell transcriptomes of ∼13,000 habenular cells with 4× cellular coverage identified 18 neuronal types and dozens of marker genes. Registration of marker genes onto a reference atlas created a resource for anatomical and functional studies and enabled the mapping of active neurons onto neuronal types following aversive stimuli. Strikingly, despite brain growth and functional maturation, cell types were retained between the larval and adult habenula. This study provides a gene expression atlas to dissect habenular development and function and offers a general framework for the&amp;nbsp;comprehensive characterization of other brain regions.
Thermodynamic Performance Assessment of a CO2 Supermarket Refrigeration System with Auxiliary Compression Economization by using Advanced Exergy Analysis (2017)

Supermarkets are currently one of the most vital service facilities, whose number of installations is ever-growing in both developed and developing countries. On the other hand, these applications feature a copious indirect contribution to the ongoing climate change, as well as a massive use of potent greenhouse gases. In an attempt to promote climate-friendlier technologies in commercial refrigeration sector, “CO 2 only” (transcritical CO 2 or pure CO 2 ) refrigeration systems have become the mainstream of new food retails worldwide. In particular, in the last few years parallel (or auxiliary) compression has taken root in food retails as a means to enhance the energy efficiency of pure CO 2 units. The thermodynamic performance of such a promising solution can be suitably assessed with the aid of the advanced exergy analysis. The results obtained at the design outdoor temperature of 40 °C showed that the main compressor has the highest priority of enhancement, whereas the high-pressure expansion valve needs to be replaced with a device for expansion work recovery. Also, close attention had to be paid to both the gas cooler and the auxiliary compressor. The former can be improved mainly by enhancing the other components, whereas the irreversibilities related to the latter can be decreased by improving both the compressor itself and the remaining components. Finally, the implemented sensitivity analysis revealed that the improvement in the efficiency of the main compressor should be seriously considered on the part of the manufacturers.
The Effect of Hypophysectomy and Growth Hormone Administration on Pre-Prosomatostatin Messenger Ribonucleic Acid in the Periventricular Nucleus of the Rat Hypothalamus* (1988)

Physiological evidence suggests that hypothalamic somatostatin (SS) inhibits pituitary GH release and that GH acts through a short-loop feedback mechanism to stimulate SS secretion. The feedback action of GH could be mediated by an effect on SS synthesis, secretion, or both. We hypothesized that GH acts to regulate the expression of the SS gene and that changes in the level of circulating GH would result in corresponding changes in SS mRNA in cells of the periventricular nucleus (PeN) of the hypothalamus. To test this hypothesis we measured the effect of hypophysectomy (HPX) and HPX with bovine GH (bGH) replacement on SS mRNA signal levels in cells of the PeN of the rat brain. We report that HPX male rats treated with bGH have significantly higher PeN SS mRNA signal than their vehicle-treated controls (P less than 0.05) and that bGH administration to sham-HPX rats results in elevated PeN SS mRNA signal levels compared to those in sham-HPX rats treated with vehicle (P less than 0.05). These observations suggest that GH participates in the regulation of its own secretion by influencing the expression of the SS gene and that one mechanism of short-loop pituitary feedback may involve the modulation of neuropeptide gene expression.
Engine Oil Additive Effects on the Deterioration of a Stoichiometric Emissions Control (C-4) System (1979)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Phosphorus, originating from the commonly used engine oil additive zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDP), contributed to the deterioration in the performance of a stoichiometric emissions control system. Data obtained from a series of 200-hour engine-dynamometer tests suggest two separate means for phosphorus-induced system deterioration: reduced CO, NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt;, and HC conversion efficiencies due to catalyst poisoning; increased oxygen sensor rich-to-lean response time and altered oxygen sensor output voltage due to sensor contamination. The presence of an alkaline metal detergent in the ZDP-containing engine oil resulted in less deterioration of converter HC efficiency, but had no effect on the other system performance parameters.&lt;/div&gt;
Verapamil inhibits serotonin uptake of endothelial cells in culture by a mechanism unrelated to Ca2+ channel blockade (1987)

Verapamil inhibited Na+-dependent uptake of serotonin (5-HT) by bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells in culture both exposed to room air and stimulated by prior exposure to anoxia. The effect of verapamil occurred even in the absence of Ca2+ from the assay medium. Although absence of Ca2+ from the medium moderately reduced 5-HT uptake, stimulation of uptake was nevertheless observed for cells previously exposed to anoxia. Verapamil altered the Km, but not the Vmax, of 5-HT uptake. There was no change in 45Ca2+ uptake or release by cells previously exposed to anoxia as compared to those exposed to room air and verapamil did not influence 45Ca2+ fluxes by either set of cells. It is concluded that verapamil inhibits 5-HT uptake by endothelial cells through a mechanism other than Ca2+ channel blockade; the results are consistent with competitive inhibition of a 5-HT carrier. The stimulatory effect of anoxia on 5-HT uptake does not occur through a change in Ca2+ fluxes.
Thickness profiles of thin films caused by secondary reactions in flow-type atomic layer deposition reactors (1997)

The secondary reaction of HCl with the growing metal oxide surface during atomic layer deposition from a metal chloride and water is investigated using model calculations. HCl released during chemisorption of a metal chloride occupies adsorption sites for the metal chloride which results in a decrease in the film thickness in the gas-flow direction. The calculation model based on the continuity equation and kinetic equations for the surface coverage is described. The dependences of the thickness profile on the reactivity of HCl and on the adsorption of the metal chloride are analysed.
Reduction of harmonic distortion and noise in a semiconductor optical amplifier using bias current feedback (1993)

The application of bias current feedback to a semiconductor optical amplifier is shown to improve considerably its noise and distortion performance in analogue applications. Improvements in harmonic distortion of up to 12.75 dB, and in noise levels of up to 7.5 dB, have been achieved.
High‐Throughput Measurement of Small‐Molecule Enantiopurity by Using Flow Cytometry (2018)

Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) offers a powerful approach to high-throughput library screening in directed evolution experiments. However, FACS is rarely used in the evolution of stereoselective enzymes, due to the difficulty of designing fluorescence-based assays for measuring enantiopurity. Here, we describe a new FACS-based enantiopurity analysis approach that overcomes these limitations by using enantiomeric DNA biosensors labeled with orthogonal fluorophores. By co-encapsulating the biosensors with a mixture of target enantiomers in microfluidic droplets, we could demonstrate the use of FACS to differentiate between droplets having various levels of target enantiopurity. We envision the utility of this method for high-throughput screening of enantiopurity in the directed evolution of stereoselective enzymes, thereby facilitating the discovery of new asymmetric biocatalysts for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and other high-value chemicals.
Birefringent Filter for Millimeter Waves (1968)

A scale model (f/sub 0/ =20 GH/sub z/ of a Solc-type birefringent wave filter for millimeter wavelengths is described. The filter consists of five cascaded identical half-wave plates, or crystals, each composed of an artificial anisotropic dielectric medium with its reference axis tilted at some prescribed angle to the plane of the input polarization. The design and analysis of an individual plate, using Collin's second-order theory of the birefringence of artificial anisotropic dielectrics, and the analysis of multielement filters (filters composed of many plates), aided by Evans' matrix method, are discussed. The experimental filter was tested in the range of 18 to 33 GHz, and its measured performance was found to compare well with the theoretical performance over a major portion of the range of frequencies used in the tests. A synthesis procedure for optimum (equal-ripple stopband) response multielement filters is given, together with tables of plate angles for such filters. In this procedure, the Dolph approximation and the Harris synthesis are combined.
High-power high-frequency traveling-wave heterojunction phototransistors with integrated polyimide waveguide (1998)

A high-power high-speed phototransistor has been demonstrated using a traveling-wave (TW) structure with an integrated polyimide optical waveguide. In our configuration, optical power transfer is distributed along the length of the device via leaky mode coupling of light from the polyimide waveguide to the active region of the phototransistor. The TW electrode design allows for an electrically long structure while maintaining high bandwidths. Due to the increased absorption volume, the optical power handling capabilities of the TW-heterojunction phototransistors (TW-HPT's) are improved over that of conventional lumped-element HPT detectors. The experimental results show no saturation of the fundamental at 60 GHz up to 50 mA of DC photocurrent.
Photo‐electrochromic salt composed by viologen cation and diarylethene anion derivatives (2022)

Abstract A multi‐responsive photo and electrochromic salt based on a viologen derivative ([(C 10 ) 2 Bpy] 2+ ) as organic cation combined with diarylethene anion ([DTE] 2− ) is synthesized and characterized for the first time. The coloration of this functional salt can be modulated by light and electricity according to further applications. Photochemical determination of the quantum yields in solution for the ring‐opening and closure of [(C 10 ) 2 Bpy][DTE‐COO] ionic liquid have been determined. The electrochemical and electrochromism performance have been also studied in order to evaluate the reduction of bipyridinium cation as well as the oxidation of the DTE anion in its open and closed forms. The possibility of individually addressing the redox state of the anion and cation is seen as a very attractive approach to designing photo‐electrochromic devices.
Crypto-Mining Application Fingerprinting Method (2018)

Computing power has increased exponentially in the last decades, and more and more consumer devices are now permanently connected to the internet, to form the so called “Internet of Things” (IoT), Following this trend, security threats and vulnerabilities have increased drastically over a short period of time, as more and more devices are inter-connected and not properly secured. Lately, the growing popularity of Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies are generating a lot of hype and concern, among security specialists, as unwanted mining applications on an end-user device can potentially pose both security risks and increased operating costs. There are multiple ways of detecting unwanted applications at the user-level, by means of URL blocking and application fingerprinting, and this paper will cover a detection method proposed by our group.