gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
VLSI corrector chip for space-borne mm-wave radiometer spectrometers (1990)

JPL developed a 52-channel 150 MHz bandwidth autocorrelator spectrometer using specially designed ECL gate array correlator chips. The characteristics of the ECL chip and the 52-channel auto-correlator are described. These autocorrelator spectrometers will be used with space-borne mm-wave radiometers for remote sensing of the Earth's atmosphere and astrophysical observations.
Evaluation of Drug-Induced Photosensitivity Using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report (JADER) Database (2017)

Drug-induced photosensitivity (DIP) refers to the development of cutaneous disorders caused by the combined effects of different medications and light. The aim of this study was to obtain new information on drug risk comparisons and on DIP onset profiles, including seasonal variations, for clinically used prescription drugs. We analyzed reports of DIP recorded in the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report (JADER) database using a reporting odds ratio (ROR). We also used Weibull proportional-hazards models for each drug to examine the patterns of DIP. The JADER database contains 430587 reports recorded from April 2004 to November 2016. The ROR values (95% confidence interval [CI]) of losartan/hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), valsartan/HCTZ, and ketoprofen were 214.5 (162.1-283.9), 104.7 (66.3-165.5), and 117.9 (76.6-181.5), respectively. For time-to-onset analysis, the median durations (interquartile range) for DIP caused by losartan/HCTZ, valsartan/HCTZ, and ketoprofen were 56 (41-78), 49 (38-88), and 8 (2-14) days, respectively. The lower limit of the 95% CI for the Weibull shape parameter β value for losartan/HCTZ was greater than 1. More than half of the reports of DIP onset following the administration of ketoprofen were recorded within 10 d of treatment initiation. The seasonal variation of photosensitivity reactions was shown to follow an annual sinusoidal pattern with a peak in April and May. Based on the results, losartan/HCTZ, valsartan/HCTZ, and ketoprofen should be used carefully in clinical practice to avoid DIP.
Reverse Engineering' of VLSI Chips: A Roadmap (2007)

The reverse engineering process for VLSI chips is a complex operation that can cost from $10,000 for the simplest chips to hundreds of thousands of dollars for complex chips. In this study, we present an overview of the process of reverse engineering VLSI
Seeking the source of vocal fold lesions towards measuring contact pressures during phonation with a pressure-sensing-matrix at hemi-larynx experiments (2021)

During phonation, the vocal folds execute a complex movement. Related to the subglottal pressure and tension of the vocal folds themselves, this movement may differ, furthermore depending on the kind of phonation a collision between both vocal folds may occur. If the vocal folds are overstrained, this can cause lesions. To gain knowledge about the vocal folds movements and the way of their collisions, a high-speed evaluation unit for a pressure-mapping sensor was developed. The sensor brings along a local resolution of 27.6 measure points per square centimeter and with the developed unit an adjustable framerate up to 1 kHz can be realized. Due to a sensor thickness of about 0.2 mm, an integration into hemi-larynx flow experiments is quite simple without vigorous changes on the setup. Because of an unrestricted field of view it is possible to record the movements with a high-speed camera. These recordings will be correlated with contact pressures in the post processing. During these experiments, different flowrates of the excitation air and various abduction and elongation steps on the hemi-larynx are obtained to study the effect of those manipulations.
Safe adaptation in context-aware feature models (2012)

Software product lines, usually described using feature models, have proven to be a feasible solution to develop mobile and context-aware applications. These applications use context information to provide services and data for their users from anywhere and at any time. However, building feature models for mobile and context-aware software product lines demands advanced skills of software engineers, since it comprises system and context information. Moreover, to guarantee a correct application execution, these models must be thoroughly specified, composed and verified to check whether some composition and adaptation rules are violated. Although this is an important task, there is a lack of formalization of such rules, which makes it difficult to use those rules for feature models verification. In this paper, we propose an approach to prevent defects in context-aware feature models and in their product reconfiguration based on formal methods. To validate our work, we developed a prototype to check the correctness of context-aware feature models.
Biomaterials: Emerging systems for study and treatment of glioblastoma (2022)

Glioblastoma (GBM), the most frequent type of brain tumour in adults, is highly aggressive and invasive. No curative treatment is currently available for GBM; patient survival is estimated at 15 months from diagnosis. Little progress has been made in conventional treatment in over 20 years; this is largely due to the aggressiveness and localisation of the tumour and to the limited availability of systemic drugs that can penetrate the blood–brain barrier. In the search for new treatments for GBM, drugs showing promising results in preclinical studies frequently fail in phase I and II clinical trials due to the complexity and inaccessibility of the tumour, which is still not well characterised. This underscores the need to develop in vitro models mimicking specific characteristics of the blood–brain barrier and brain tissue, which may help to achieve higher success rates in later-phase trials. We evaluated the use of biomaterials for the development of complex preclinical models, such as three-dimensional models, which may play a crucial role in overcoming these obstacles. The applications and contributions of biomaterials in the study and treatment of GBM, from in vitro models to intelligent design of drug carriers, demonstrate the great potential of multidisciplinary management of such complex diseases as GBM. El glioblastoma (GBM) es el tipo de cáncer cerebral más común en adultos, es altamente agresivo e invasivo. En la actualidad es considerado incurable, los pacientes presentan una sobrevida de 15 meses posterior al diagnóstico. Los tratamientos convencionales poco han cambiado desde hace más de 20 años, en gran medida debido a la agresividad del tumor, la localización y la limitada disponibilidad de tratamientos sistémicos con capacidad de rebasar la barrera hematoencefálica. En el desarrollo de terapias para GBM, se ha observado que fármacos con resultados alentadores en etapas preclínicas, frecuentemente fracasan en estudios clínicos de fases I y II, asociado a la complejidad y accesibilidad del tumor, que aún no está bien caracterizado y evidencia la necesidad de desarrollar modelos in vitro que emulen características específicas de la barrera hematoencefálica y del tejido cerebral en los que pueda evaluarse terapias con una tasa de éxito mayor en las posteriores etapas clínicas. En este artículo, se plantea que el uso de biomateriales en el desarrollo de modelos preclínicos complejos como modelos tridimensionales (3D), podrían desempeñar un papel crucial en la resolución de estos obstáculos. Las aplicaciones y aportes de los biomateriales en el estudio y tratamiento del GBM abordados desde el desarrollo de modelos in vitro y el diseño inteligente de acarreadores de fármacos, demuestran el potencial del abordaje multidisciplinario en patologías complejas como el GBM.
Impact of dissociation and ionization on properties of iodine vapor (1994)

The partition functions are calculated for the 127I127I iodine molecule, the 127I atom, and the corresponding singly charged atomic ion and are subsequently used in calculating the dissociation and ionization degrees as well as the thermodynamic functions in iodine vapor in local thermal equilibrium in the temperature range of 700≤T≤12 000 K. It was found that at densities greater than 1014 cm−3 iodine dissociates at rather low temperatures (T&amp;lt;3000 K) and only achieves significant ionization at high temperatures (T≳10 000 K). This makes iodine a convenient model gas for studying chemical nonequilibrium in diatomic gases.
Unexpected artefacts in PRNU-based camera identification (2012)

Although sensor noise is generally known as a very reliable means to uniquely identify digital cameras, care has to be taken with respect to camera model characteristics that may cause false accusations. While earlier reports focused on so-called linear patterns with a regular grid structure, also distortions due to geometric corrections of radial lens distortion have recently gained interest. Here, we report observations from a case study with the 'Dresden Image Database' that revealed further artefacts. We found diagonal line artefacts in Nikon CoolPix S710 sensor noise, as well as non-trivial dependencies between sensor noise, exposure time (FujiFilm J50) and focal length (Casio EX-Z150). At slower shutter speeds, original J50 images exhibit a slight horizontal shift, whereas EX-Z150 images exhibit irregular geometric distortions, which depend on the focal length and which become visible in the p-map of state-of-the-art resampling detectors. The observed artefacts may provide valuable clues for camera model identification, but also call for particular attention when creating reference noise patterns for applications that require low false negative rates.
VH and VL Domains of Polyspecific IgM and Monospecific IgG Antibodies Contribute Differentially to Antigen Recognition and Virus Neutralization Functions (2016)

We analysed contributions of variable heavy (FdVH ) and variable light (FdVL ) domains in comparison to scFv (FdVH +FdVL ) of naturally occurring polyspecific bovine IgM with an exceptionally long CDR3H and an induced monospecific bovine herpes virus-1 (BoHV-1) neutralizing IgG1 antibody in the context of to antigen-binding site and antibody function. Various recombinant FdVH , FdVL and scFv were constructed and expressed in Pichia pastoris from the bovine IgM and IgG1 antibody encoding cDNA. The scFv1H12 showed polyspecific antigen binding similar to parent IgM antibody, though subtle differences, for example, higher thyroglobulin recognition. Such differences reflect influence of the constant region on the antigen-binding site configuration. Unlike, variable light domain FdVL 1H12, the variable heavy domain FdVH 1H12 alone recognized multiple antigens that differed from the recognition pattern of scFv1H12 (FdVH +FdVL ) and the parent IgM antibody. Nonetheless, role of FdVL 1H12 in providing structural support to FdVH in antigen recognition is noted, apart from its intrinsic antigen recognition ability. Surface plasmon resonance analysis revealed low to moderate affinity of scFv1H12 to IgG antigen. By contrast, the individual FdVH 073 and FdVL 074, originating from induced BoHV-1 neutralizing IgG1 antibody, recognized target epitope on BoHV-1 weakly when compared to FdVH +FdVL (scFv3-18L). Interestingly, both the FdVH and FdVL domains of induced IgG antibody are required to achieve BoHV-1 neutralization. To conclude, there exist subtle functional differences in the contribution of FdVH and FdVL to antigen-binding site generation of polyspecific IgM and monospecific IgG antibodies relevant to antigen recognition and virus neutralization functions.
Weathering of stored Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) (2017)

A model for predicting the weathering of LNG stored in containment tanks has been recently developed that allows the temperature of vapor to be different to that of LNG. The model is used to analyze the heat transfer between vapor and LNG, by means of an effective thermal conductivity. The simulation results indicate that the temperature of the vapor phase will be higher than that of the LNG, and that increase is a function of the effective thermal conductivity. Thus, demonstrating that the effective thermal conductivity could be used as a proxy to match the results to measurements. This has important implications for weathering models used in industry, which currently assume isothermal conditions within the containment tanks
SU‐HH‐BRB‐12: IGRT Via Machine Learning from Limited Angle Projection Images (2010)

Purpose : To yield accurate patient treatment setup correction from few numbers of projection images in tomosynthesis‐based IGRT approaches using cone‐beam CT (CBCT) and the novel carbon nanotube stationary tomosynthesis (NST) devices. Method and Materials : Our method uses a machine learning strategy that has a two‐stage process: training and IGRT. In the training stage we perform a patient‐specific training that samples from a range of potential patient movements, and for each such movement we generate 2D projections by transforming and re‐projecting the patient's planning CT. We compute a linear regression between the patient movements and the differences between the projections of the moved CT and those of the CT in the planning position. In the IGRT stage, the learned regression model is applied iteratively to the successive residues between the real‐time projections and those of the moving CT transformed by the previously predicted parameters. This iteration yields the predicted transformation with sub‐voxel accuracy. The re‐projection process is implemented on GPUs to speed up the real‐time image guidance that will be enabled by the carbon nanotube based stationary tomosynthesis IGRT system NST. Results : We tested our method using three patients' head‐and‐neck CTs. A total of 180 test movements were simulated with combination of both translations and rotations that were randomly picked within −2 to 2 cm and −5 to 5 degrees, respectively. The NST and the 44‐degree CBCT IGRT devices are simulated in our tests. The mean of the vector error distance are 0.1270 cm with 12 NST image projections and 0.1116 cm with 5 image projections from the 44‐degree CBCT. Conclusion : Our method can yield accurate patient's position and orientation correction with limited projection images, which is important for image‐guidance during treatment delivery and the reduction of imaging radiation dose. Conflict of Interest : Research sponsored by Siemens Medical Solutions.
Towards an intelligent information system of public transportation (2013)

This paper presents a contribution to the personalization of information systems of transportation that are based on the use of ontologies. To meet the increasing demand of accurate information on the part of the users of collective means of transportation and to meet the abundance of data, it is necessary to sort out, select and adapt the obtained information to the users' needs, thus to personalize them. This work aims at giving the idea about a public transportation domain ontology that considers different concepts related to the best planning for the passenger. Also, we introduce the user profile domain ontology that can be used to make our public transportation information system intelligent.
Optimization of Bulk and Surface Biosensing in Plane Stratified Configurations (2005)

Various biochemical and tissue sensors utilize layered configurations to accurately measure the physical parameters (e.g. refractive index) of the suspension or tissue under investigation. The most sensitive techniques, like these based on well-known Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) phenomenon, are usually limited to surface sensing at the infrared and light wavelength bands. We present a new type of broadband absorption biosensing method, which utilizes Lossy Resonance Modes (LRM) in thin lossy film configurations and can be facilitated in a highly scalable and sensitive manner for both bulk and surface sensing in various frequency bands, from radio to light frequencies.
Handwritten Odia Character Recognition (2011)

Odia is one of the oldest and popular languages of India, spoken by more than 44 million people, especially in Odisha, India. Some characters in Odia are made up of more than one connected symbols. Compound characters are written by associating modifiers with consonants, resulting in a huge number of possible combinations, running into hundreds of thousands. Therefore, systems developed for recognition of other scripts, like Roman, cannot be used directly for the Odia language. In the present work, we have proposed robust structural solution for Odia character recognition where, a given text is segmented into lines and then each line is segmented into individual words and then each word is segmented into individual characters or basic symbols. Basic symbols are identified as the fundamental units of segmentation used for recognition. Using unique structure of some characters we have found better result as comparison to other methods.
Modeling and Control of a Supercritical CO2 Water Cooler in an Indirect-Fired 10MWe Recompression Brayton Cycle Near Critical Conditions (2019)

Abstract A one-dimensional design and dynamic model of a microtube heat exchanger is presented for cooling supercritical CO2 to near critical conditions (35°C and ∼90 bar) with water. A control strategy is designed and implemented to achieve a desired hot-side CO2 outlet temperature, while the cooling-water exit temperature is monitored (ideally kept below 50°C). The control responses during drastic process changes at the boundaries such as sCO2 inlet flow/pressure and cooling water inlet temperature are presented.
Assessing Corneal Endothelial Damage using Terahertz Spectroscopy and Support Vector Machines (2022)

Abstract The endothelial layer of the cornea plays a critical role in regulating its hydration by actively controlling fluid intake in the tissue via transporting the excess fluid out to the aqueous humor. A damaged corneal endothelial layer leads to perturbations in tissue hydration and edema, which can impact corneal transparency and visual acuity. We utilized a non-contact terahertz (THz) scanner designed for imaging spherical targets to discriminate between ex vivo corneal samples with intact and damaged endothelial layers. To create varying grades of corneal edema, the intraocular pressures of the whole porcine eye globe samples were increased to either 25, 35 or 45 mmHg for 4 hours before returning to normal pressure levels at 15 mmHg for the remaining 4 hours. Changes in tissue hydration were assessed by differences in spectral slopes between 0.4 to 0.8 THz. Our results indicate that the THz response of corneal samples is varied according to the differences in the endothelial cell density. We show that this spectroscopic difference is statistically significant and can be used to assess the intactness of the endothelial layer.
Investigation on the Quality Factor Limit of the (111) Silicon Based Disk Resonator (2018)

Quality factor is one of the most important parameters for a MEMS resonator. Most MEMS resonators are dominated by thermoelastic dissipation (TED). This paper demonstrates that the TED in a disk resonator that is made of (111) single-crystal silicon is surpassed by clamping loss. The stiffness-mass decoupling design method, combined with reducing the beam width, was used to engineer high <i>Q</i><sub>TED</sub>. Experiments show that <i>Q</i> of the (111) disk resonator have an upper boundary that is determined by the clamping loss caused by the unbalanced out-of-plane displacement. The origin of the out-of-plane displacement is explained by theory and simulation.
Short-Term Load Forecasting Based on a Semi-Parametric Additive Model (2011)

Short-term load forecasting is an essential instrument in power system planning, operation, and control. Many operating decisions are based on load forecasts, such as dispatch scheduling of generating capacity, reliability analysis, and maintenance planning for the generators. Overestimation of electricity demand will cause a conservative operation, which leads to the start-up of too many units or excessive energy purchase, thereby supplying an unnecessary level of reserve. On the other hand, underestimation may result in a risky operation, with insufficient preparation of spinning reserve, causing the system to operate in a vulnerable region to the disturbance. In this paper, semi-parametric additive models are proposed to estimate the relationships between demand and the driver variables. Specifically, the inputs for these models are calendar variables, lagged actual demand observations, and historical and forecast temperature traces for one or more sites in the target power system. In addition to point forecasts, prediction intervals are also estimated using a modified bootstrap method suitable for the complex seasonality seen in electricity demand data. The proposed methodology has been used to forecast the half-hourly electricity demand for up to seven days ahead for power systems in the Australian National Electricity Market. The performance of the methodology is validated via out-of-sample experiments with real data from the power system, as well as through on-site implementation by the system operator.
Interlaboratory Comparison of Solar Cell Measurements Under Low Indoor Lighting Conditions (2021)

In recent years, industrial demand for energy harvesting from the indoor environment using photovoltaic (PV) solar cells has grown substantially. Much of this demand is focused on powering Internet of Things devices such as remote sensors and actuators because their power requirements can be easily met by indoor PV cells that convert, otherwise, wasted indoor light energy into low power electricity. However, accurate measurement of PV cells’ indoor performance is challenging because there are currently no broad consensus approaches or standards for doing such measurements. Here, we have taken the first steps toward establishing such a consensus by performing an interlaboratory comparison (ILC) of measurements of a PV solar cell under three distinct low illumination reporting conditions. In this bilateral comparison, each laboratory uses a different technique for reporting the performance parameters of the cell under a fixed set of agreed upon illumination conditions. Our results demonstrate good agreements under some reporting conditions and divergent results under another. Yet, first steps have been taken toward understanding the challenges of establishing a universally acceptable method of measurement.
UMTS EASYCOPE: a tool for UMTS network and algorithm evaluation (2003)

For the UMTS radio access network, the problems of dimensioning/planning and algorithm evaluation/optimization is a challenging task, which requires methods and tools that are essentially different from the ones applied for 2nd generation systems. In order to generate reliable results for the highly flexible and dynamic UMTS, sophisticated simulation tools have to be applied. A UMTS model and its implementation is described. It allows an efficient evaluation of UMTS in terms of system performance figures such as capacity, coverage and QoS.
Changing the LoST Location Profile Registry Policy (1998)

This document changes the policy of the Location-to-Service
Translation (LoST) Location Profile registry established by RFC5222
from Standards Action to Specification Required. This allows standards
development organizations (SDOs) other than the IETF to add new
values.