gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cancer immunotherapy-induced rheumatic diseases emerge as new clinical entities (2016)

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are newly approved treatments for advanced malignancies that are increasing survival. The mechanism of these drugs, non-specifically activating T cells, also leads to immune-mediated damage of tissue or immune-related adverse events (IRAE). IRAEs with rheumatic phenotypes are increasingly being recognised. Inflammatory arthritis, sicca syndrome, inflammatory myopathy, vasculitis and lupus nephritis have been described as a result of ICIs. Use of ICIs will be expanding in the coming years for several reasons. ICIs will be used in earlier stage cancer, for more indications, and additional drugs will be approved. The rheumatologist plays a critical role in evaluating and treating these patients. The expertise of rheumatologists in evaluating rheumatic signs and symptoms and treating patients with immunosuppression are critical in ensuring the optimal outcomes for patients with rheumatic IRAE. Collaboration between oncology and rheumatology for clinical care and research will enhance understanding of these new disease entities.
Co‐cross‐linking of surface immunoglobulin Fcγ receptors on B lymphocytes uncouples the antigen receptors from their associated G protein (1989)

Cross-linking of surface Ig receptors (sIg) by mitogenic forms of anti-Ig antibodies (e.g. F(ab')2 fragments of rabbit anti-Ig) causes the rapid, and prolonged breakdown of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. This response involves an unidentified guanine nucleotide regulatory protein (termed Gp), which couples sIg to the polyphosphoinositide-specific phosphodiesterase. Intact (IgG) rabbit anti-Ig antibodies, which co-cross-link sIg and Fc gamma receptors on B cells, only induce short-lived inositol phospholipid breakdown and abortive B cell activation. We show here that in permeabilized B cells intact anti-Ig inhibits the reconstituted breakdown of inositol phospholipids given by a combination of F(ab')2 anti-Ig and the non-hydrolyzable GTP analogue guanosine-5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) (GTP gamma S), but not the basal stimulation of Gp induced by GTP gamma S alone. These results therefore indicate that co-cross-linkage of sIg and Fc gamma receptors on B cells uncouples the antigen receptors from the associated G protein, but does not affect coupling between Gp and the phosphodiesterase. These observations therefore provide further insight into the mechanisms whereby engaging Fc receptors on B cells, by antigen-antibody complexes for example, could modulate antigen-induced B cell activation.
Bladder Wall Thickness is Associated with Responsiveness of Storage Symptoms to Alpha-Blockers in Men with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (2012)

BWT was correlated with IPP, the storage symptom subscore, and the responsiveness of storage symptoms to alpha-blockers in LUTS/benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients. As BWT increased, the responsiveness of storage symptoms to alpha-blocker decreased in LUTS/BPH patients.
Role of cyclic nucleotides in relaxation of fetal lamb ductus arteriosus. (1987)

Although prostaglandin E1 is used to dilate the constricted ductus arteriosus in infants with cyanotic heart disease, the mechanism is unknown. To test the hypothesis that the cyclic nucleotides adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) and guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) play a role in relaxation, isolated rings of the ductus arteriosus of fetal lambs were studied. Tension of isometric contraction was measured by force displacement transducers. After contraction with oxygen, a control group was compared with rings in which the stimulus for relaxation was either nitrogen gas, prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), nitroglycerin (NTG), or nitroprusside (NPS). During relaxation, tissue was frozen at 30 seconds and at 1, 2, and 5 minutes and analyzed for cAMP and cGMP. PGE1 (10(-6) mol/L) decreased tension by 33% compared with 70% for nitrogen gas, 81% for NTG (10(-5) mol/L), and 92% for NPS (10(-5) mol/L). The maximal relaxation induced by PGE1 was associated with an 11-fold increase in cAMP; PGE1 had no significant effect on cGMP tissue levels. Nitrogen gas, NTG, and NPS produced similar increases in cAMP, and eight-, 25-, and nine-fold increases in cGMP, respectively. These results suggest that the patency of the ductus arteriosus is dependent on activation of both guanylate cyclase and adenylate cyclase and that the nitrovasodilators may be clinically useful in maintaining patency of the ductus arteriosus.
Is alcoholic pancreatitis associated with enteroviral infection? (2013)

The rate of enteroviral infection is not increased in patients with alcohol-induced acute pancreatitis when compared to alcoholics with similar high alcohol use.
A New Retinoid-Like Compound That Activates Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors and Lowers Blood Glucose in Diabetic Mice (2005)

Retinoid X receptor (RXR) forms heterodimers with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs, with subtypes of alpha, delta and gamma), and the heterodimers can be activated by either an RXR or a PPAR subtype-specific ligand. Based on the chemical structure of the RXR natural ligand, 9-cis-retinoic acid (9-cis-RA), we designed and synthesized a retinoid-like compound, CS018. In vitro characterizations by cell-based reporter gene assays indicated that CS018 activated RXR homodimers and the heterodimers of RXR with PPARs, but not with farnesoid X-activated receptor (FXR) and liver X-activated receptor (LXR). Furthermore, RT-PCR results showed that CS018 induced the expression of the PPARgamma target genes, CD36 and lipoprotein lipase (LPL). In vivo studies on the diabetic db/db mice demonstrated that CS018 dramatically lowered the animal blood glucose levels. CS018 thus may represent a new retinoid-like compound that activates RXR/PPARs and has potential therapeutic applications in type 2 diabetes and other metabolic diseases.
Preparation and Evaluation of the Mouse Temporal Bone (2001)

The inner ear or membranous labyrinth presents several challenges when preparing it for microscopic examination and histopathological analysis. First, it contains six separate sensory organs, one for hearing (i.e., organ of Corti [OC] in the cochlea) and five for balance and equilibrium (i.e., saccular and utricular macula, superior, lateral, and posterior crista in the vestibule). These organs are surrounded by large fluid spaces that contain either perilymph that has a high sodium concentration, or endolymph that has a high potassium concentration. The membranous labyrinth and surrounding fluid spaces are embedded in the bony labyrinth of the temporal bone. It is difficult to prepare the delicate sensory epithelia for microscopic examination without causing mechanical or dissection artifacts in the tissue. Second, within each organ, there are regional variations in the density of sensory cells, their pattern of innervation, and their responses to stimulation. Third, a number of genetic mutations that affect the auditory system also involve balance and equilibrium. Thus, to fully characterize the morphological changes in the inner ear of a new mutant mouse, cells must be analyzed at representative locations throughout all of the sensory regions.
Micromagnetic Model Simulations Considering Write Head, Spin–Torque Oscillator, and Double-Layered Medium Altogether (2018)

Micromagnetic model simulations were performed to investigate spin-torque oscillators (STOs) integrated into the main pole-trailing shield (MP-TS) gap of the write head (integrated STO). First, the oscillation states of a tilted STO were investigated in a model comprising the write head, STO, and medium soft underlayer (SUL). We found that inserting the STO into a non-parallel MP-TS gap resulted in more stable oscillation. Second, we performed full micromagnetic simulations of the write head, STO, SUL, and recording layer (RL), and the oscillation of the tilted STO was investigated. We found that the RL affected the STO oscillation to some extent; however, the effect was smaller than that from the write head. We also discuss the calculation times for various structures with and without the RL, and with/without medium motion.
Efficient and extensible security enforcement using dynamic data flow analysis (2008)

Current taint tracking systems suffer from high overhead and a lack of generality. In this paper, we solve both of these issues with an extensible system that is an order of magnitude more efficient than previous software taint tracking systems and is fully general to dynamic data flow tracking problems. Our system uses a compiler to transform untrusted programs into policy-enforcing programs, and our system can be easily reconfigured to support new analyses and policies without modifying the compiler or runtime system. Our system uses a sound and sophisticated static analysis that can dramatically reduce the amount of data that must be dynamically tracked. For server programs, our system's average overhead is 0.65% for taint tracking, which is comparable to the best hardware-based solutions. For a set of compute-bound benchmarks, our system produces no runtime overhead because our compiler can prove the absence of vulnerabilities, eliminating the need to dynamically track taint. After modifying these benchmarks to contain format string vulnerabilities, our system's overhead is less than 13%, which is over 6X lower than the previous best solutions. We demonstrate the flexibility and power of our system by applying it to file disclosure vulnerabilities, a problem that taint tracking cannot handle. To prevent such vulnerabilities, our system introduces an average runtime overhead of 0.25% for three open source server programs.
Genetic Control of Chalcone Synthase Activity in Flowers of Matthiola incana R.Br (1981)

Abstract Chalcone synthase activity was demonstrated in enzyme preparations from flowers of defined genotypes of Matthiola incana (stock). The product formed from 4-coumaroyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA was naringenin and not the isomeric chalcone, because chalcone isomerase was also present in the reaction mixture. Chalcone synthase activity could be detected only in flower extracts of genotypes with wild-type alleles at the locus f Thus, the interruption of the anthocyanin pathway in white flowering lines with recessive alleles (ff) of this gene is clearly due to a lack of this enzyme activity. Independent on the genetic state of the locus b which controls the formation of pelargonidin or cyanidin, respectively, in the flowers, 4-coumaroyl-CoA was the only suitable substrate for the condensation reaction.
Synthesis of Cerium Molybdate Hierarchical Architectures and Their Novel Photocatalytic and Adsorption Performances (2011)

Cerium molybdate (Ce–Mo) hierarchical architectures (such as the flowerlike, microspheric, and bundlelike structure) are successfully synthesized via a facile route with the assistance of amino acid (lysine, Lys). The influences of reaction parameters on the crystal structure and morphology of Ce–Mo hierarchical architectures are investigated. Samples obtained are characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Furthermore, the photocatalytic and adsorption performances of samples obtained are investigated using different dyes, such as Cationic red X-GTL, Congo red, Methylene blue, Acid blue 80, and Methyl orange, as the model. The results show that Ce–Mo hierarchical architectures exhibit remarkably high efficiency to photocatalytically decompose Congo red under visible light irradiation, and significant adsorption performance on Cationic red X-GTL and Methylene blue. Contrarily, neither photocatalytic nor adsorption performance was observed on Methyl orange and Acid blue 80. Therefore, the as-synthesized Ce–Mo hierarchical architectures display promising potential for the removal of organic contaminants for environmental protection.
Machine vision approach of process control during single crystal fiber growth via laser heated pedestal growth method (2022)

Laser heated pedestal growth (LHPG) method is a unique technique to grow single crystal fibers and fibrous materials of high temperature ceramics for various photonic and electronic applications. The stability of the solidification process and the floating molten zone created at the interface between the feed and seed materials is critical for ensuring high quality of the fiber including uniformity of diameter. To maintain the molten zone volume constant throughout the dynamic growth process, the typical LHPG system control scheme will modify the relative speed control of fiber-pull rate versus the source material feed rate as constrained by mass conservation. However, due to the dynamic nature of the growth process and the floating state of the molten material, it is prone to instability due to non-uniform heating, heat loss, melt convection, seed-fiber and pedestal material alignments, and other factors which impact growth processes. Sustainable growth process demands a combination of optimized optical components and real-time process controls. Here we present a detailed optical analysis of several candidate LHPG optical designs and compare details of the illumination at the molten zone region during the growth process. In addition, we explore the potential for enhancing the typical process control by utilizing (1) active laser power control and (2) machine vision methods for real-time characterization of the molten zone profile to be integrated into active control schemes. Impacts on the quality of the fiber grown in terms of uniformity in diameters upon active laser power feedback loop to mitigate the molten zone shape variation is also discussed.
On the Log-Normal Fading Networks: Power Control and Spatial Reuse (2009)

In this paper, we consider two fundamental problems in log-normal fading networks. One is the energy efficiency. The other is the characterization of the internode interferences and spacial reuse. We first introduce a power efficiency factor as a new parameter to measure the transmit efficiency and obtain an optimal transmit power allocation of the concurrent transmitters in such fading environment. The internode interference caused by the simultaneous transmissions within a local area is then analyzed. The analysis will also be extended to the whole network within unlimited region where the interference accumulative impact is taken into account. By doing so, we set up a direct link between the interference double disc model with the statistical accumulative interference model and derive the optimal spatial reuse distance to guarantee the network efficiency. Finally, we propose a concurrent access strategy, OCMAC (opportunistic concurrent MAC), which can efficiently mitigate the internode interference through the node coordination before the simultaneous transmissions while keeping a relatively low transmit power and high spatial reuse efficiency.
Photonic Generation of Frequency and Bandwidth Multiplying Dual-Chirp Microwave Waveform (2017)

A photonic approach to generate a frequency and bandwidth multiplying dual-chirp microwave waveform using a single dual-polarization quadrature phase shift keying (DP-QPSK) modulator is proposed and demonstrated. In the proposed scheme, an RF carrier is applied to one QPSK modulator and a baseband single-chirp waveform is applied to another. By setting the driving signals applied to the modulator and adjusting the dc bias phases in the modulator, high-order optical sidebands can be obtained with the optical carrier suppressed. After optical to electrical conversion, a frequency-doubling and bandwidth-quadrupling, or frequency-quadrupling and bandwidth-octupling dual-chirp microwave can be generated. The approach is verified by simulation. Dual-chirp microwave waveforms with 16-GHz central frequency, 2048-MHz bandwidth and 32-GHz central frequency, 4096-MHz bandwidth are generated through an 8-GHz RF carrier and 512-MHz bandwidth baseband signal. The generated dual-chirp microwave waveform can be used in a radar system to improve its range-Doppler resolution.
Atraucan: a new needle for spinal anesthesia. (1993)

The Atraucan needle is easy to use and has a high success rate in identifying the subarachnoid space. Lumbar dural puncture causes minimal damage to the tip. The incidence of PDPH is low, but a larger comparative study needs to be performed.
Characterization of the cellular binding site for the urinary trypsin inhibitor. (1994)

A highly purified urinary trypsin inhibitor (UTI) inhibits not only tumor cell invasion in an in vitro assay but also production of experimental and spontaneous lung metastasis in an in vivo mouse model. UTI is present both in the lysate of tumor cells (human choriocarcinoma SMT-cc1 cells, human promyeloid leukemia U937 cells, and murine Lewis lung carcinoma 3LL cells) and human neutrophils. In each medium from tumor cells, most of the cell-associated UTI is on the cell surface. Cell-binding experiments employing cell enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and flow cytometry indicated that tumor cells (SMT-cc1 and 3LL cells) have specific binding sites for UTI on their cell surface. UTI binds rapidly and with relatively high affinity to SMT-cc1 and 3LL cells. UTI is bound to a specific surface receptor that is incompletely saturated. U937 cells and neutrophils did not show any specific binding to UTI, since UTI receptors on the cell surface of U937 cells and neutrophils were completely saturated with endogenous UTI. UTI forms yielded cross-linked 150- and 80-kDa ligand receptor complexes with cultured SMT-cc1 cells, suggesting molecular masses of 110 and 40 kDa for the UTI receptors. Purification of the two UTI receptor proteins by ligand affinity chromatography (ligand-blotting analysis) yielded two bands when analyzed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, corresponding in electrophoretic mobility to those calculated by cross-linking analysis. The results reported here showing that some tumor cells carry UTI receptors are in line with a possible role of surface-bound UTI in modulating plasmin activity to the close environment of the cell surface and in processes like prevention of tumor cell invasion and metastasis.
(Invited) Thin-Film Transistors Based on Donor-Acceptor Polymers (2015)

In this presentation we will describe device designs, modeling, and experimental results with several new diketopyrrolopyrrole DPP-based polymers and specifically discuss techniques to keep the operating voltage low (&lt; 10 V) in small channel length (&lt; 5 mm) devices. We have been able to obtain mobility values of ~4 cm 2 /V-s with some of the materials in such devices at low operating voltages for channel lengths of 4 mm in air. These devices possess very high temperature field-induced conductivity of any polymer FET and which exceeds that of most organic single crystal FETs reported so far. Our best devices designs possess a bilayer gate insulator which includes a thin interfacial low- dielectric constant insulator. We will demonstrate that the mobility improvement arises due to the suppression of the formation of Fröhlich polarons, which tend to reduce mobility when polar media such as high-k dielectrics are used with polymer semiconductors. We will also discuss charge transport in such polymers transistors both above and below the threshold voltage.
Randomized Placebo-controlled Trial of a 42-Day Tapering Course of Dexamethasone to Reduce the Duration of Ventilator Dependency in Very Low Birth Weight Infants (1999)

A 42-day tapering course of dexamethasone decreases the duration of ventilator and oxygen dependency in very low birth weight infants and is not associated with an increased risk of short-term adverse effects.
Pharmacokinetics and Dose‐Proportionality of Oxymorphone Extended Release and Its Metabolites: Results of a Randomized Crossover Study (2004)

The pharmacokinetic profile of oxymorphone ER demonstrates linearity and dose-proportionality under single-dose and steady-state conditions for the parent compound and its metabolites for doses of 5-40 mg.
Structure–function analysis of prion protein (2001)

PrP, the prion protein, plays a central role in the pathogenesis of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies such as scrapie or bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) (Prusiner, 1996, 1998; Weissmann, 1999; Weissmann et al., 1996). The normal form of PrP, designated PrPC, is encoded by a single-copy gene (Basler et al., 1986) and is expressed in the brain of healthy and prion-infected organisms to about the same extent (Chesebro et al., 1985; Oesch et al., 1985). There is overwhelming evidence that a modified form of PrPC, which we designate PrP* (Weissmann, 1991), is the principal if not the only component of the infectious agent, or prion, and that it is devoid of nucleic acid. The ‘protein-only’ hypothesis (Griffith, 1967) states that the abnormal form of PrP propagates by interacting with PrPC and converting it into a likeness of itself (Prusiner, 1989, 1996; Weissmann et al., 1996). It has been proposed that a partially protease-resistant, aggregated form of PrP, named PrPSc or PrP-res, is congruent with PrP* (Prusiner, 1989).
Psychovisual Assessment of Tone-Mapping Operators for Global Appearance and Colour Reproduction (2010)

To identify people's preference, psychovisual tests are carried out in virtual environment. Images of scenes used for psychovisual tests are natively High Dynamic Range (HDR) images. However, in order to allow a Low Dynamic Range (LDR) display device to project HDR pictures, their dynamic range must be compressed with a tone-mapping operator (TMO). Thus, before tests are carried out, selection of the most suitable TMO, perceptually speaking, is required to present images faithfully, depending on the aim of the application.In this paper, three different experimental protocols are proposed for assessing the applications of a display device used for psychovisual tests and selecting the most suitable TMO from six candidates. An additional goal is to give a first idea of the applications that can be addressed by this device. Two subjective experiments were conducted and are presented in the paper. The first one is divided in two steps. The results of three different protocols (two protocols in the first test and the third in the second test) for the identification of the preferred TMO for five different scenes are compared and LDR image defects noticed by observers are highlighted in the paper.
Cold Gas Plasma in Surface Modification of Medical Plastics (2013)

Cold gas plasma may be applied to medical and life science material surfaces for the permanent re-engineering of polymers, elastomers, metals and ceramics to provide unique surface properties without affecting the bulk properties. Examples of applications include: surface amination, coating and/or ink adhesion, biocompatibility, or wettability to fluids or reagents. Plasma is an excited gas comprised of metastable molecular fragments that are able to polymerize or covalently graft to a surface. Considerations in creating a plasma include power delivery, gas or vapor composition, or unique chamber configuration and design. Plasma systems exist that enable both facile batch processing or in-line treatment of sheet and fiber.