gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multimodal optical imaging and spectroscopy for the intraoperative mapping of nonmelanoma skin cancer (2009)

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common human malignancy, and its incidence increases yearly. In this contribution we investigate the feasibility of combining multimodal reflectance and fluorescence polarization imaging (RFPI) with spectroscopic analysis of the reflectance images for facilitating intraoperative delineation of BCCs. Twenty fresh thick BCC specimens were obtained within 1 h after Mohs micrographic surgeries. The samples were soaked for up to 2 min in an aqueous 0.2 mg/ml solution of methylene blue, briefly rinsed in saline solution, and imaged. Reflectance images were acquired in the range from 395 to 735 nm, with steps of 10 nm. Fluorescence polarization images were excited at 630 nm and registered in the range between 660 and 750 nm. The results yielded by RFPI were qualitatively compared to each other and to histopathology. From the copolarized reflectance images the spectral responses including the optical densities and their wavelength derivatives were calculated. The differences in the spectral responses of the benign and malignant stained skin structures were assessed. Statistical analysis, i.e., Student’s t-test, was employed to verify the significance of the discovered differences. Both reflectance and fluorescence polarization images correlated well with histopathology in all the cases. Reflectance polarization images provided more detailed information on skin morphology, with the appearance of skin structures resembling that of histopathology. Fluorescence polarization images exhibited higher contrast of cancerous tissue as compared to reflectance imaging. The analysis of the optical densities and their wavelength derivatives for tumor and normal tissues has confirmed statistical significance of the differences that can be used for intraoperative cancer delineation. The results of the study indicate that spectral analysis is a useful adjunct to RFPI for facilitating skin cancer delineation.
Studies on the Flavorous Substances in Soy Sauce. Part XXIV (1963)

(1) 醤油醸造過程における揮発性α-ジケトンの生成機構にっき,微生物による生成を中心とし検討して,その先駆物質であるAMC系列化合物が,実際醤油諸味中において酵母の活躍時期と一致して生成することを認めた. (2) 醤油諸味醗酵過程におけるジアセチルの先駆物質AMCの生成変化,並びにアセチルプロピオニールの先駆物質AECの生成変化につき検討し,後者が増加の一途を辿るのに対し,前者は一度生成してから減少することを確かめ,醤油諸味の熟成に伴いその含有比率が近づくことを明らかにした. (3) 醸造物中の新香気成分として確認したアセチルプロピオニールの先駆物質AECの酵母による生成を検討し,α-ケト酪酸及びピルビン酸を基質として醤油酵母(Sacch. rouxii)カルボリガーゼ作用により,同成分が生成することを確認した. (4) 醸造用各種酵母においてもα-ケト酪酸及びピルビン酸を基質とした場合,そのカルボリガーゼ作用によりAECを生成することから,各種酵母のこのAMC系列化合物生成能を比較し, Saccharomyces属の酵母の中で醤油酵母(Sacc. rouxii)が比較的強い生成能を有することを明らかにした. (5) 醤油酵母(Sacch. rouxii)の野生株を,そのAMC系列化合物生成能に基づき3つのグループに分類し,アルコール生成能との関係についても検討した. (6)醤油酵母(Sacch. rouxii)によるα-ジケトンの生成機構としてアミノ酸生合成中間体よりの生成機構を推定し,feed back現象の確認よりこの生成機構の可能性のあることを指摘し,このことからジアセチル及びアセチルプロピオニールは同一の生成機構で生成することを再確認した. (7) 醤油酵母(Sacch. rouxii)のα-ジケトン生成先駆物質, AMC系列化合物生成に及ぼす通気量及び食塩濃度の影響を検討し,若干の考察を付け加えた.
Dissemination of Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Campylobacter spp. within an Integrated Commercial Poultry Production System (2006)

While characterizing the intestinal bacterial community of broiler chickens, we detected epsilon-proteobacterial DNA in the ilea of 3-day-old commercial broiler chicks (J. Lu, U. Idris, B. Harmon, C. Hofacre, J. J. Maurer, and M. D. Lee, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69:6816-6824, 2003). The sequences exhibited high levels of similarity to Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli sequences, suggesting that chickens can carry Campylobacter at a very young age. Campylobacter sp. was detected by PCR in all samples collected from the ilea of chicks that were 3 to 49 days old; however, it was detected only in the cecal contents of chickens that were at least 21 days old. In order to determine whether the presence of Campylobacter DNA in young chicks was due to ingestion of the bacteria in food or water, we obtained commercial broiler hatching eggs, which were incubated in a research facility until the chicks hatched. DNA sequencing of the amplicons resulting from Campylobacter-specific 16S PCR performed with the ileal, cecal, and yolk contents of the day-of-hatching chicks revealed that Campylobacter DNA was present before the chicks consumed food or water. The 16S rRNA sequences exhibited 99% similarity to C. jejuni and C. coli sequences and 95 to 98% similarity to sequences of other thermophilic Campylobacter species, such as C. lari and C. upsaliensis. The presence of C. coli DNA was detected by specific PCR in the samples from chicks obtained from a commercial hatchery; however, no Campylobacter was detected by culturing. In order to determine whether the same strains of bacteria were present in multiple levels of the integrator, we cultured Campylobacter sp. from a flock of broiler breeders and their 6-week-old progeny that resided on a commercial broiler farm. The broiler breeders had been given fluoroquinolone antibiotics, and we sought to determine whether the same fluoroquinolone-resistant strain was present in their progeny. The isolates were typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, which confirmed that the parental and progeny flocks contained the same strain of fluoroquinolone-resistant C. coli. These data indicate that resistant C. coli can be present in multiple levels of an integrated poultry system and demonstrated that molecular techniques or more sensitive culture methods may be necessary to detect early colonization by Campylobacter in broiler chicks.
Ponatinib in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML): Preliminary findings from a phase I study in hematologic malignancies. (2011)

6518 Background: Ponatinib is an oral multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitor and potent pan-BCR-ABL inhibitor. Preliminary phase 1 results suggest substantial activity in BCR-ABL+ patients (pts). In preclinical models, ponatinib also inhibits the FLT3/ITD mutant prevalent in AML with potency similar to that of BCR-ABL (IC50 2 nM). A cohort of pts with AML was enrolled in a phase 1 trial of ponatinib to assess safety and preliminary efficacy in this population. Methods: Pts (≥18 years) with relapsed or refractory AML were enrolled after the recommended phase 2 dose of ponatinib was established in pts with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Pts received 45 mg ponatinib orally once daily: trough plasma concentrations are known to exceed the target for inhibition of FLT3/ITD activity (IC50) in cells at this dose. FLT3/ITD mutation status was determined at a central laboratory. Results: Of 81 total pts in this study, 12 were included in the AML cohort. The median age of AML pts was 49 (range 30-72) years. At the time of analysis (Dec 15, 2010), 4 (33%) AML pts remained on study (range 77-143 days) and 8 (67%) discontinued (range 10-97 days) (no discontinuations were treatment related). Seven AML pts had documented FLT3/ITD at baseline, 2 did not carry FLT3 alterations, and 3 pts had inadequate samples for testing; however, these 3 pts had a positive FLT3 status reported by investigative sites. Overall, 7 pts with the FLT3/ITD mutation were FLT3 inhibitor naïve. All pts had treatment emergent AEs consistent with those expected in refractory AML. Three pts had treatment related grade 2 pancreatitis: 1 pt subsequently discontinued due to investigator decision; 2 had the event resolve and continued therapy at a reduced dose. The overall response rate in the AML cohort was 25% (3/12): 2 pts (29%) had CRi and 1 (14%) had PR. All responses observed were in the subset of pts with the FLT3/ITD mutation who were naïve to FLT3 inhibitors: 3/7 (43%). Conclusions: Ponatinib was well‐tolerated in this small group of AML patients; the safety profile was similar to that observed in CML. Evidence of activity in pts with the FLT3/ITD mutation was observed, with a response rate of 43% (3/7) in FLT3 inhibitor naïve pts.
Assessment of Nicorandil Therapy in Ischemic Myocardial Injury by Using Contrast-enhanced and Functional MR Imaging (2001)

Contrast material-enhanced MR imaging has the potential to demonstrate reduction in size of ischemically injured myocardium, whereas functional MR imaging demonstrated the recovery of LV function 24 hours after nicorandil therapy.
Multi-wavelength digital holographic microscopy for high-resolution inspection of surfaces and imaging of phase specimen (2010)

Main drawbacks of using laser light in digital holographic microscopy (DHM) are coherent noise and parasitic reflections in the experimental setup as these disturbances affect the reconstructed images and restrict the measurement accuracy. Partially coherent light reduces such effects. On the other hand, the application of light sources with a low coherence length requires a precise alignment of the experimental equipment. Thus, it was investigated, if coherence properties of spectral broadened light sources can be generated synthetically with laser light. Therefore, amplitude and phase distributions are superposed that result from the reconstruction of digital holograms which are recorded separately at slightly different wavelengths. In this way, the robust alignment of a laser-based experimental setup due to long coherence lengths is combined with the noise reduction advantage of partial coherent light. By using a single fiber coupled tuneable laser the multi-wavelength approach can be used with already existing DHM setups, e. g., in combination with commercial microscopes. The performance of the method for the observation of phase objects is illustrated by results obtained from the topography analysis of reflective surfaces and from the application for quantitative phase contrast imaging of thin living tumor cells.
Validation of a Novel MEG Sensor Employing a Pilot-Scale Subsea Jumper (2020)

Abstract Online pipeline management systems provide real-time and look-ahead functionality for production networks. However, they are limited by a dearth of data to inform their predictions. This represents a barrier to a true, high-fidelity ‘digital twin’ where greater integration with new sensor technologies is needed to bound model predictions and improve their reliability. In this work, we present a novel MEG (Mono-ethylene glycol) sensing system from OneSubsea, the AquaWatcher v2.0, and validate it in our newly-constructed HyJump flowloop. The HyJump flowloop has a unique subsea jumper-like geometry, with three low points and two high points and is equipped with a MEG sensor - mounted on the second low point. The sensor features an open-ended microwave frequency probe mounted flush to the pipe wall which measures the apparent permittivities of the liquid phases in the vicinity of the probe tip. It can determine the MEG concentration or water salinity by processing the measured permittivities, and has further shown that it may be able to detect hydrate deposition. Experimental work was performed to test the performance of this novel equipment while enabling a more accurate calculation of the overall mass balance in the flowloop. An experimental campaign was conducted where, in each measurement, the jumper low points were loaded with aqueous solutions of MEG at mass fractions between 10 and 30 wt%. The entire loop was then pressurized with Perth city natural gas to 1200 psi. The pipe wall temperature was controlled with a cooling jacket in the range of 25.2 °F to 35.6 °F. These conditions simulate transient shut-down and restart operations with a high probability of hydrate formation. Results illustrate that the MEG content readings measured by the sensor were consistently accurate within a 5% relative deviation with respect to the nominal values. Further, flow restrictions due to hydrate deposition were assessed in their severity through differential pressure measurements, where it was observed that the measured MEG content oscillates significantly during hydrate sloughing-type events. The HyJump flowloop facility offers a unique testbed for new subsea sensors, enabling performance evaluations with internal fluids at subsea conditions. The deployment of these novel sensors in the field will both improve the performance of integrated pipeline management solutions and assist operators in optimizing MEG injection dosages to enable higher fidelity hydrate management in subsea pipelines.
Dispersion-compensated beam-splitting of femtosecond light pulses: Wave optics analysis (2007)

Recently, using parageometrical optics concepts, a hybrid, diffractive-refractive, lens triplet has been suggested to significantly improve the spatiotemporal resolution of light spots in multifocal processing with femtosecond laser pulses. Here, we carry out a rigorous wave-optics analysis, including the spatiotemporal nature of the wave equation, to elucidate both the spatial extent of the diffractive spots and the temporal duration of the pulse at the output plane. Specifically, we show nearly transform-limited behavior of diffraction maxima. Moreover, the temporal broadening of the pulse is related to the group velocity dispersion, which can be pre-compensated for in practical applications. Finally, some numerical simulations of the spatiotemporal wave field at the output plane in a realistic case are provided.
Field Development Planning Using Simulated Annealing - Optimal Economic Well Scheduling and Placement (1995)

Abstract A method for optimizing the net present value of a full field development by varying the placement and sequence of production wells is presented. This approach is automated and combines an economics package and Mobil’s in-house simulator, PEGASUS, within a simulated annealing optimization engine. A novel framing of the well placement and scheduling problem as a classic "travelling salesman problem" is required before optimization via simulated annealing can be applied practically. An example of a full field development using this technique shows that nonuniform well spacings are optimal (from an NPV standpoint) when the effects of well interference and variable reservoir properties are considered. Examples of optimizing field NPV with variable well costs also show that non-uniform wells spacings are optimal. Project NPV increases of 25 to 30 million dollars were shown using the optimal, non-uniform development versus reasonable, uniform developments. The ability of this technology to deduce these non-uniform well spacings opens up many potential applications that should materially impact the economic performance of field developments.
On-line photon correlation spectroscopy using fibre-optic probes (1988)

The authors describe the design and construction of a fibre-optic probe for on-line photon correlation spectroscopy measurements. Two such probes, one acting as a launch and the other collecting scattered light, have been used to measure the size of proteins in the eluant of a gel permeation liquid chromatography column. The fibre-optic probe, when compared with conventional bulk optics, has the advantage of small size, ease of alignment and remote operation
Evaluation of megasonic cleaning systems for particle removal efficiency and damaging (2004)

In future semiconductor technology generations cleaning processes will face the challenge of removing nano-particles with no damage to fragile structures and virtually no etching of the substrate. In this study we have evaluated the capabilities of a representative set of present megasonic cleaning tools to meet this challenge in process conditions where the etching of thermal silicon dioxide was lower than 0.5 A. The tests vehicles for particle removal and damaging consisted in 34 nm SiO 2 particles on hydrophilic Si wafers and in poly-on-gate lines of line-width ranging from 150 to 70 nm, respectively. No tool reached the target of high particle removal efficiency (PRE) and low damage to the 70 nm lines in the present series of tests. Lower damage could only be obtained at the cost of lower PRE, by decreasing the megasonic power. Wafer maps for PRE and damage showed patterns that were tool-specific. Only two systems out of five seemed to show a simple direct correlation between PRE and damage at wafer level, indicating that more fundamental research is needed to understand the cleaning and damaging mechanisms in megasonic systems.
Arbovirus studies in nupeko forest, a possible natural focus of yellow fever virus in Nigeria II. Entomological investigations and viruses isolated (1974)

Mosquitoes were collected by several methods during different times of the year in Nupeko Forest; this area is thought to be enzoodemic for yellow fever virus. Potential vectors in the subgenus Stegomyia included Aedes africanus, Ae. luteocephalus, Ae. aegypti, and Ae. simpsoni. Stegomyia populations were very low. Ae. luteocephalus was nevertheless captured on human bait during both the wet and dry seasons, and may be important in maintenance of yellow fever virus transmission. The predominant mosquito in Nupeko Forest was Mansonia africana; this species was captured year-round by various methods including human bait and monkey-baited traps set at various elevations in the forest. No isolates of yellow fever virus were made from the mosquito collections. It is suggested that continuous circulation of yellow fever virus in foci such as Nupeko Forest, which have limited populations of susceptible vertebrate hosts, may depend upon a transmission cycle involving a biologically inefficient vector (e.g. M. africana) or an efficient vector present in small numbers (e.g. Ae. luteocephalus).
Streaming stored playback video over a peer-to-peer network (2004)

Streaming live video over peers in the Internet is gaining popularity since it has the advantage of reducing the load on the server and enable the server to perform other specialized services more effectively. Further it reduces the server bandwidth and is therefore no longer a limiting factor for the number of clients served. A architecture for streaming stored video over peer-to-peer network is proposed in this paper. While a given peer continues to receive segments of the stream, simultaneously caching these segments locally renders this peer to in turn act as a source for other peers. These peers are highly transient in nature and the exit of a peer from the network results in loss of video segments and overcomes this in our architecture by exploiting the inherent redundancy of FEC channel coding of video streams. Through simulations the novelty of our architecture and show that our proposed solution incurs minimum overhead on the peers and does not increase the playback latency much more than the jitter buffer latency is established.
Activation of the Raf‐1/MEK/Erk kinase pathway by a novel Cdc25 inhibitor in human prostate cancer cells (2003)

These results indicate Cdc25A phosphatase regulates Raf-1/MEK/Erk kinase activation in human prostate cancer cells.
Magnetic properties of Ni-Fe films prepared by a DC triode sputtering method (1988)

The magnetic properties of Ni-Fe films with 81-wt.% Ni prepared by a DC triode sputtering method are studied as functions of sputtering parameters. Two kinds of substrates are used: one is flat and the other is patterned. In the former case sufficiently low coercive forces are obtained when both the target voltage and the Ar pressure are kept below the critical values. In the latter case, a negative substrate bias voltage is necessary to improve the magnetic properties in addition to the previous conditions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
BEHAVIOR AND DESIGN OF STATIC CAST PRESTRESSED CONCRETE DISTRIBUTION POLES (1996)

Secretory otitis media is still poorly understood. In spite of extensive investigations, there are nevertheless many unsolved problems, from etiology to therapy. This paper reviews the current knowledge on epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy of secretory otitis media. The possibilities of both conservative and surgical treatments as well as still ununiform view-points on a surgical procedure are presented. In conclusion, on the basis of abundant literature and our experience, a treatment approach to secretory otitis media in children is proposed.
Boosting subdominant neutralizing antibody responses with a computationally designed epitope-focused immunogen (2019)

Throughout the last several decades, vaccination has been key to prevent and eradicate infectious diseases. However, many pathogens (e.g., respiratory syncytial virus [RSV], influenza, dengue, and others) have resisted vaccine development efforts, largely because of the failure to induce potent antibody responses targeting conserved epitopes. Deep profiling of human B cells often reveals potent neutralizing antibodies that emerge from natural infection, but these specificities are generally subdominant (i.e., are present in low titers). A major challenge for next-generation vaccines is to overcome established immunodominance hierarchies and focus antibody responses on crucial neutralization epitopes. Here, we show that a computationally designed epitope-focused immunogen presenting a single RSV neutralization epitope elicits superior epitope-specific responses compared to the viral fusion protein. In addition, the epitope-focused immunogen efficiently boosts antibodies targeting the palivizumab epitope, resulting in enhanced neutralization. Overall, we show that epitope-focused immunogens can boost subdominant neutralizing antibody responses in vivo and reshape established antibody hierarchies.
Model-Powered Conditional Independence Test (2017)

We consider the problem of non-parametric Conditional Independence testing (CI testing) for continuous random variables. Given i.i.d samples from the joint distribution $f(x,y,z)$ of continuous random vectors $X,Y$ and $Z,$ we determine whether $X \independent Y \vert Z$. We approach this by converting the conditional independence test into a classification problem. This allows us to harness very powerful classifiers like gradient-boosted trees and deep neural networks. These models can handle complex probability distributions and allow us to perform significantly better compared to the prior state of the art, for high-dimensional CI testing. The main technical challenge in the classification problem is the need for samples from the conditional product distribution $f^{CI}(x,y,z) = f(x|z)f(y|z)f(z)$ -- the joint distribution if and only if $X \independent Y \vert Z.$ -- when given access only to i.i.d. samples from the true joint distribution $f(x,y,z)$. To tackle this problem we propose a novel nearest neighbor bootstrap procedure and theoretically show that our generated samples are indeed close to $f^{CI}$ in terms of total variational distance. We then develop theoretical results regarding the generalization bounds for classification for our problem, which translate into error bounds for CI testing. We provide a novel analysis of Rademacher type classification bounds in the presence of non-i.i.d \textit{near-independent} samples. We empirically validate the performance of our algorithm on simulated and real datasets and show performance gains over previous methods.
Mechanical and fracture analysis of welded pearlitic rail steels (2010)

Welding rail steels using gas metal arc welding shows promise for repairing railhead defects.Finite element analysis was performed on the rail before and during the welding process.It was revealed that the sizes of the heat affected zone (HAZ) and fusion zone would be approximately 15 mm and 5 mm respectively.Hardness tests showed that the parent material is harder than both the HAZ and the welded region.The parent steel has ultimate strength, yield strength, and elongation to failure of 1114 MPa, 624 MPa, and 11.1% respectively.These values are higher than those of the welded rail steel.The average K I for the parent specimen was 70 MPa•m 0.5 , while for the welded steel it was 54 MPa•m 0.5 .The pearlitic steel displayed ductile fracture features immediately ahead of the crack tip but approaching the end of the fracture surface the failure mechanism became less ductile.The welded rail steel in contrast consists of ductile features throughout the entire fracture surface.