gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reins to the Cloud: Compromising Cloud Systems via the Data Plane (2016)

Virtual switches have become popular among cloud operating systems to interconnect virtual machines in a more flexible manner. However, this paper demonstrates that virtual switches introduce new attack surfaces in cloud setups, whose effects can be disastrous. Our analysis shows that these vulnerabilities are caused by: (1) inappropriate security assumptions (privileged virtual switch execution in kernel and user space), (2) the logical centralization of such networks (e.g., OpenStack or SDN), (3) the presence of bi-directional communication channels between data plane systems and the centralized controller, and (4) non-standard protocol parsers. Our work highlights the need to accommodate the data plane(s) in our threat models. In particular, it forces us to revisit today's assumption that the data plane can only be compromised by a sophisticated attacker: we show that compromising the data plane of modern computer networks can actually be performed by a very simple attacker with limited resources only and at low cost (i.e., at the cost of renting a virtual machine in the Cloud). As a case study, we fuzzed only 2\% of the code-base of a production quality virtual switch's packet processor (namely OvS), identifying serious vulnerabilities leading to unauthenticated remote code execution. In particular, we present the "rein worm" which allows us to fully compromise test-setups in less than 100 seconds. We also evaluate the performance overhead of existing mitigations such as ASLR, PIEs, and unconditional stack canaries on OvS. We find that while applying these countermeasures in kernel-space incurs a significant overhead, in user-space the performance overhead is negligible.
Inhibition of human interferon-gamma expression by antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (1994)

We investigated 12 antisense oligodeoxynucleotides, complementary to different regions of the human interferon-gamma (HuIFN-gamma) gene, for their ability to inhibit HuIFN-gamma production in cultures of single donor total leukocytes or lymphocytes (95% purity). Out of seven oligomers, specific for a sequence including the translation initiation codon, 15 to 21 nucleotides long, the one resulting in the greatest inhibition was the 16-mer. An inhibitory effect of 90% could be achieved when the oligomer was added to cultures of lymphocytes in separate doses. Three other 16-mers, complementary to a sequence in the 5' noncoding region, in the coding region, or at the donor splice junction of the third intron respectively, were inhibitory to a lesser extent. Two 16-mers, one complementary to a sequence at the donor splice junction of the second intron and one specific for a sequence in the 3' untranslated region, showed no effect.
Evaluation of fault handling of the time-triggered architecture with bus and star topology (2004)

Arbitrary faults of a single node In a time-triggered architecture (TTA) bus topology system may cause error propagation to correct nodes and may lead to inconsistent system states. This has been observed in validation work using software implemented fault injection (SWIFI) and heavy-ion fault injection techniques in a TTA cluster. In a TTA system, the membership and the clique avoidance algorithms detect state inconsistencies and force the nodes that do not have the same state with the state of majority of nodes, to restart. Changing the interconnection structure of the cluster to a star topology allows the use of star couplers that will isolate faults of a node, thus guaranteeing consistency, even in the presence of arbitrary node failures. The same SWIFI and heavy-ion fault injection experiments that caused error propagation in bus-based TTA clusters, were performed in the star configuration. No error propagation was observed in a TTA system with the star topology during the execution of SWIFI and heavy-ion experiments.
Zero Latency Queuing System Based on Deficit Round Robin (2007)

As the Internet grows in size and bandwidth, a variety of real time applications such as voice over IP (VoIP) and video conferences require low latency, bandwidth guarantee and delay bounded service constraints. Because current Internet provides only offer best effort services, packet scheduling algorithms supporting quality of service (QoS) requirements play an important part in switches and routers. This paper discusses a new packet scheduling discipline called zero latency queuing scheduler (ZLQS), which has one special zero latency queue (ZLQ) for real time traffic flows. When a packet comes to the ZLQ, it is serviced at a time from en-queue to de-queue without queuing latencies. The ZLQS offers zero latency queuing for real time traffic flows, and in addition it supports not only committed rate (CR)1 but also peak rate (PR)2 or burst rate (BR) for the bandwidth reservation. The ZLQS is a frame-based scheduler like deficit round robin (DRR), and therefore has the good properties of simple implementation at high speeds routers or switches, per packet work complexity of O(l) and almost perfect fairness.
Citramalic acid in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with bacterial meningitis. (1984)

Abstract Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from uninfected patients and from patients with bacterial and viral meningitis was analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography, with use of a flame ionization detector, and by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The resulting profiles were consistent and reproducible. Hydroxy acids were the compounds found in greatest abundance in both normal and infected CSF. Control experiments to establish the sensitivity and efficiency of the extraction and derivatization methods are also presented. Constituents of CSF from patients with bacterial meningitis differed quantitatively and qualitatively from those of CSF from uninfected patients or patients with nonbacterial infections. CSF from seven of eight patients with bacterial meningitis contained citramalic acid, a compound not previously identified in either normal or infected CSF. The implications of these findings are discussed.
MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF HEUSLER-TYPE Fe2MnSi (1988)

Magnetic measurements were made up to 1 300 K and 230 kOe for Fe2MnSi. Observed magnetic susceptibility is expressed by χobs = C/(T - θp) + χp. When χp (6.6 x 10-6 emu/g) is assumed to be due the to Fe atoms, the first term gives 2.9 µB/Mn which agree with the extrapolated saturation moment to 0 K. Spin reorientation of small number of A-site Mn is responsible for the large high field susceptibility at T = 4.2 K. Magnetovolume effect was not observed by X-rays below Tc.
Development of standards for analytical filter papers (1947)

Filter papers used for ordiuar.v q uali tative and q uantitative analyses were treated to obtain data for recomnlencted standards of Cjuality. Th e papers comprised the produ cts of two domestic a nd three foreign manufacturers.
Behavior of composite/metal aircraft structural elements and components under crash type loads: What are they telling us (1990)

Failure behavior results are presented from crash dynamics research using concepts of aircraft elements and substructure not necessarily designed or optimized for energy absorption or crash loading considerations. To achieve desired new designs which incorporate improved energy absorption capabilities often requires an understanding of how more conventional designs behave under crash loadings. Experimental and analytical data are presented which indicate some general trends in the failure behavior of a class of composite structures which include individual fuselage frames, skeleton subfloors with stringers and floor beams but without skin covering, and subfloors with skin added to the frame-stringer arrangement. Although the behavior is complex, a strong similarity in the static and dynamic failure behavior among these structures is illustrated through photographs of the experimental results and through analytical data of generic composite structural models. It is believed that the similarity in behavior is giving the designer and dynamists much information about what to expect in the crash behavior of these structures and can guide designs for improving the energy absorption and crash behavior of such structures.
<title>Integrating proximity effect corrections with photomask data preparation</title> (1995)

In an earlier work we demonstrated the feasibility of automated software correction for imaging and process proximity effects by precompensating mask layout data. As correction techniques and algorithms continue to be refined, it is important to deal with integrating the correction computation into the manufacturing data flow. This paper addresses issues such as computational speed, data volumes, management of the data hierarchy, and the need for geometric operations between various CAD layers within the context of a data hierarchy manager.
Induction of Postmitotic Neuroretina Cell Proliferation by Distinct Ras Downstream Signaling Pathways (2000)

Ras-induced cell transformation is mediated through distinct downstream signaling pathways, including Raf, Ral-GEFs-, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase)-dependent pathways. In some cell types, strong activation of the Ras-Raf-MEK-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) cascade leads to cell cycle arrest rather than cell division. We previously reported that constitutive activation of this pathway induces sustained proliferation of primary cultures of postmitotic chicken neuroretina (NR) cells. We used this model system to investigate the respective contributions of Ras downstream signaling pathways in Ras-induced cell proliferation. Three RasV12 mutants (S35, G37, and C40) which differ by their ability to bind to Ras effectors (Raf, Ral-GEFs, and the p110 subunit of PI 3-kinase, respectively) were able to induce sustained NR cell proliferation, although none of these mutants was reported to transform NIH 3T3 cells. Furthermore, they all repressed the promoter of QR1, a neuroretina growth arrest-specific gene. Overexpression of B-Raf or activated versions of Ras effectors Rlf-CAAX and p110-CAAX also induced NR cell division. The mitogenic effect of the RasC40-PI 3-kinase pathway appears to involve Rac and RhoA GTPases but not the antiapoptotic Akt (protein kinase B) signaling. Division induced by RasG37-Rlf appears to be independent of Ral GTPase activation and presumably requires an unidentified mechanism. Activation of either Ras downstream pathway resulted in ERK activation, and coexpression of a dominant negative MEK mutant or mKsr-1 kinase domain strongly inhibited proliferation induced by the three Ras mutants or by their effectors. Similar effects were observed with dominant negative mutants of Rac and Rho. Thus, both the Raf-MEK-ERK and Rac-Rho pathways are absolutely required for Ras-induced NR cell division. Activation of these two pathways by the three distinct Ras downstream effectors possibly relies on an autocrine or paracrine loop, implicating endogenous Ras, since the mitogenic effect of each Ras effector mutant was inhibited by RasN17.
Combining H<inf>&#x221E;</inf> and interval techniques to design robust low order controllers: Application to piezoelectric actuators (2012)

This paper addresses the design of robust controllers for interval systems. For that, the H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">∞</sub> -standard approach is combined with interval techniques in order to derive controllers that ensure robust performances. The main advantages of the proposed approach are: 1) the natural and ease of modeling of the uncertain parameters thanks to intervals, 2) the low order of the controller since it can be lower than the order of the system, 3) and the fact that the structure of the controller can be fixed a priori. The paper is particularly focused, but not limited, on the design of a robust PID controller structure thanks to the proposed approach which is the combination of H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">∞</sub> -tools and interval tools. The systems to be controlled are with order n which makes the proposed approach more general. Experiments on a piezoelectric actuator (piezocantilever) are carried out and show the efficiency of the proposed method.
Stimulation of the Follicular Bulge LGR5+ and LGR6+ Stem Cells with the Gut-Derived Human Alpha Defensin 5 Results in Decreased Bacterial Presence, Enhanced Wound Healing, and Hair Growth from Tissues Devoid of Adnexal Structures (2013)

Application of human alpha defensin 5 increases LGR stem cell migration into wound beds, leading to enhanced healing, bacterial reduction, and hair production through the augmentation of key Wnt and wound healing transcripts. These findings can be used to derive gut protein-based therapeutics in wound healing.
Overexpression of rab7 enhances the kinetics of antigen processing and presentation with MHC class II molecules in B cells (2002)

rab7 is an intracellular GTPase involved in early to late endosome fusion. By overexpressing rab7 in a B lymphoma we show that the rate of antigen presentation with MHC class II molecules is increased for four different peptide-MHC combinations, under conditions where levels of other components of the antigen-processing pathway remained constant. Resting B cells were shown to express significantly lower levels of rab7 when compared to adherent macrophages or to 'immature' or 'mature' dendritic cells. rab7 expression was up-regulated by stimulation of B cells with lipopolysaccharide or CD40 ligand. Other components of the endocytic pathway were also up-regulated in activated B cells, suggesting that B cell activation leads to a general enlargement of the endocytic compartment, correlating with the increased ability of activated B cells to process antigen. Taken together, our results suggest that rab7 levels regulate the rate of antigen presentation in B cells, and that rab7 and late endocytic compartments are important in MHC class II-restricted antigen presentation in B cells.
Die Konstitution von Sinogenin. Glykoside und Aglykone. 181. Mitteilung (1957)

g) Aus einer Fraktion wurde zuerst die tiefschmelzende Form vom Smp.133-1350 4) erhalten, die sich durch Umkristallisieren leicht in die hochschmelzende For m umwandeln liess.
The effect of diaphragm contraction on upper airway collapsibility (2013)

Increasing lung volume increases upper airway patency and decreases airway resistance and collapsibility. The role of diaphragm contraction in producing these changes remains unclear. This study was undertaken to determine the effect of selective diaphragm contraction, induced by phrenic nerve stimulation, on upper airway collapsibility and the extent to which any observed change was attributable to lung volume-related changes in pressure gradients or to diaphragm descent-related mediastinal traction. Continuous bilateral transcutaneous cervical phrenic nerve stimulation (30 Hz) was applied to nine supine, anesthetized human subjects during transient decreases in airway pressure to levels sufficient to produce flow limitation when unstimulated. Stimulation was applied at two intensities (low and high) and its effects on lung volume and airflow quantified relative to unstimulated conditions. Lung volume increased by 386 ± 269 ml (means ± SD) and 761 ± 556 ml during low and high stimulation, respectively (P < 0.05 for the difference between these values), which was associated with peak inspiratory flow increases of 69 ± 57 and 137 ± 108 ml/s, respectively (P < 0.05 for the difference). Stimulation-induced change in lung volume correlated with change in peak flow (r = 0.65, P < 0.01). Diaphragm descent-related outward displacement of the abdominal wall produced no change in airflow unless accompanied by lung volume change. We conclude that phrenic nerve stimulation-induced diaphragm contraction increases lung volume and reduces airway collapsibility in a dose-dependent manner. The effect appears primarily mediated by changes in lung volume rather than mediastinal traction from diaphragm descent. The study provides a rationale for use of continuous phrenic stimulation to treat obstructive sleep apnea.
A framework for visual fog computing (2017)

Visual data are rich, which have opened vast analytics opportunities and been widely used in many applications. However, the demanding requirements of computational resources and bandwidth have prevented the data from being useful in an economically efficient manner. A visual fog paradigm is needed for efficient processing of continuous video streams by collaboratively using things in the Internet of Video Things (IoVT), comprising edge devices, intermediate gateways, and servers on premise or in the cloud, as the computing platform. The challenges lying ahead include (1) Reusability-a reusable framework across multiple vertical applications, (2) Efficiency-the intelligence for online distributing and redistributing work-load for optimal system performance, and (3) Configurability-the user interface for (layperson) users to easily analyze the visual data as well as the corresponding metadata. This paper spells out the need of a framework for visual fog computing and suggest promising research directions towards instantiations of a visual fog computing framework.
Technology Mediated Learning in Healthcare: When a Picture Paints a Thousand Words (2008)

The advent of the information age has presented healthcare providers with opportunities as well as challenges. (1) The internet has opened up access to an expanse of medical information that varies greatly in terms of quality and validity (2). At its best, the internet has the potential to empower the individual and at its worst, to mislead and confuse. This in turn has placed new demands on the healthcare educator and healthcare organisations to address system design issues and ensure that high quality information is accessible to all participants. (1,3) The objective of this study is to develop a process of continual improvement in the production and delivery of technology mediated learning modules in healthcare utilising modern education theory principles and a program evaluation approach to validate effectiveness.
ChemInform Abstract: THE CHEMISTRY OF Γ‐OXOSULFONES. II. 4‐HYDROXYCYCLOPENTENONES (1977)

Abstract Acrolein (I) reagiert mit p‐Toluolsulfinsäure (II) zum Addukt (III), dessen Acetal (IV) nach Umwandlung in die Li‐Verbindung mit Acetaldehyd zu einem Carbinol (V) reagiert und weiter zum Keton (VI) oxidiert wird.
Biomarker Changes Associated With Both Dulaglutide and Cardiovascular Events in the REWIND Randomized Controlled Trial: A Nested Case-Control Post Hoc Analysis (2023)

Dulaglutide was associated with a reduced 2-year rise from baseline of NT-proBNP and GDF-15. Higher rises of these biomarkers were also associated with MACE.
A Seed‐Based Diffusion Route to Monodisperse Intermetallic CuAu Nanocrystals (2010)

Frisch legiert: Monodisperse intermetallische CuAu- und Cu3Au-Nanokristalle (NCs) mit einstellbarer Größe wurden ausgehend von Au-NCs nach einem Diffusionsverfahren hergestellt. Der Transfer einer Festphasenreaktion in die Lösungsphase erleichtert die homogene Diffusion der Reaktanten und führt zu einer Zeit- und Energieersparnis. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Development and analysis of fast and robust newton-type adaptation algorithms (1996)

Fast and robust Newton-type adaptation algorithms are first developed and are then analyzed.
Chapter 1 is an introduction to the field of FIR digital adaptive filters. It gives an overview of some applications and how adaptive filters are used. Wiener filtering is briefly introduced as a first step towards the understanding of several adaptation algorithms, which are presented in the order of increasing complexity. The first algorithm discussed is the least-mean-squares (LMS) algorithm, followed by an overview of transform-domain algorithms, and the LMS-Newton (LMSN) algorithm. The recursive-least-squares (RLS) algorithm is then presented as a special case of the more general LMSN algorithm, and the finite-precision effects on the performance of the algorithms are examined. The chapter concludes with a QR-decomposition implementation of the LMSN algorithm and a brief discussion on fast algorithms.
The original contributions of the thesis start in chapter 2 where two LMSN algorithms with variable convergence factor are analyzed. Convergence in the mean and variance are investigated, and a comprehensive study of the implications of a fixed-point-arithmetic implementation is carried out. In order to provide a more robust alternative to these algorithms, a QR-LMSN algorithm with variable convergence factor is proposed. The performance of the algorithm is compared to that of the RLS algorithm in different conditions in stationary and nonstationary environments. Simulations using fixed-point arithmetic were performed and the results are compared to those expected from theory.
Chapter 3 covers the quasi-Newton (QN) algorithm in detail. Although developed in entirely different ways, the QN and the LMSN algorithms are very similar and much of what was discussed in chapter 2 with regards to mean-squared error can be applied to the QN algorithm as well. A thorough discussion of the algorithm and a series of lemmas and theorems are provided that demonstrate the stability of the algorithm and the positive definiteness of the estimated input-signal autocorrelation matrix. The issue of positive definiteness of the estimates of the input-signal autocorrelation matrix used in the QN and RLS algorithms is also discussed. This study qualitatively shows that a greatly improved mechanism of self stabilization is inherent in the QN algorithm relative to the RLS algorithm. Simulations show stable operation of the QN algorithm in fixed and floating-point arithmetic for highly correlated and even nonpersistently exciting signals.
In chapter 4, the issue of fast implementation of Newton-type algorithms is discussed and a fast LMSN algorithm along with its initialization is proposed. Important relations between the fast LMSN and the fast RLS algorithms are first established, and the introduction of a variable convergence factor is carefully examined.
In chapter 5, the conclusions of the thesis are summarized and outstanding issues that need to be addressed in the future are discussed.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Caffeine-Mediated Inhibition of Calcium Release Channel Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptor Subtype 3 Blocks Glioblastoma Invasion and Extends Survival (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from Caffeine-Mediated Inhibition of Calcium Release Channel Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptor Subtype 3 Blocks Glioblastoma Invasion and Extends Survival