gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Power Quality of Renewable Energy Systems Can Be Evaluated Using Simulation Data (2007)

The paper presents a comparative study of a renewable energy system using simulation data versus the data recorded for its implementation at the Hybrid Power System Test Bed (HPSTB) at the National Wind Technology Center, NREL. The simulation data were obtained from the model realized using RPM-SIM simulator. This study shows that under different conditions the power, voltage, and frequency traces of a simulated system follow closely those recorded. Consequently, it is concluded that the quality of power generated under different conditions can be evaluated using simulation data and that such simulation study can be used to develop the structure and control strategy of renewable energy system to meet power quality requirements.
Variability of forced vital capacity in progressive interstitial lung disease: a prospective observational study (2020)

Daily home spirometry is feasible in IPF and non-IPF ILD and facilitates the identification of FVC variability, which was associated with disease progression.
100 nm aperture field emitter arrays for low voltage applications (2002)

We report the results of experimental and numerical simulation studies of the scaling of field emitter array (FEA) gate apertures to 100 nm. Electrostatic simulation indicate that by scaling the gate aperture, it is possible to fabricate devices that will support flat panel display applications at a gate voltage of 15 V. Devices have been successfully evaluated and performed in agreement with simulation. We demonstrated 100 nm gate aperture FEAs that turned on at gate voltages as low as 12 V and achieved a current density of 10 /spl mu/A/cm/sup 2/ at 17 V. The results also indicate that current density can be modulated by three orders of magnitude with a gate voltage swing of 5 V.
Radiative Relaxation Quantum Yields for Synthetic Eumelanin¶ (2004)

We report absolute values for the radiative relaxation quantum yield of synthetic eumelanin as a function of excitation energy. These values were determined by correcting for pump beam attenuation and emission reabsorption in both eumelanin samples and fluorescein standards over a large range of concentrations. Our results confirm that eumelanins are capable of dissipating >99.9% of absorbed UV and visible radiation through nonradiative means. Furthermore, we have found that the radiative quantum yield of synthetic eumelanin is excitation energy dependent. This observation is supported by corrected emission spectra, which also show a clear dependence of both peak position and peak width on excitation energy. Our findings indicate that photoluminescence emission in eumelanins is derived from ensembles of small chemically distinct oligomeric units that can be selectively pumped. This hypothesis lends support to the theory that the basic structural unit of eumelanin is oligomeric rather than heteropolymeric.
Numerical Studies on Fire Performances of the Joints in Steel Staggered-Truss Framing System (2010)

The structural behaviors of a sub-truss, typically used in a steel staggered-truss framing system (SSTFS), under fire conditions was studied comparatively using the finite element method with the solid element and beam element respectively. Both the internal force of structural members and the mechanical response behavior of joints at elevated temperature were investigated. And the reasonable computational simplification way for joint was explored. The results indicate that: the joint plays an important role in the fire resistant performance of SSTFS. The gusset plate is easily destroyed at high temperature and its fire protection should be enhanced relatively. Comparative with the result of solid element, it suggests that the hinged joint could simulate the connection of web members better than rigid joint. As to the simulation method of structural members, some obvious deviations were found between the beam element and solid element in fire resistance analysis as whether the gusset plate is considered. Fortunately, the internal force of components and the structural deformation could be simulated well using the beam element and it can save lots of computing resource and time. Hence, while the gusset plate is protected well, the beam element for structural members with hinged joint for connection could be used for the preliminary estimate.
Clinical Use of Polymerase Chain Reaction Performed on Peripheral Blood and Bone Marrow Samples for the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Visceral Leishmaniasis in HIV-Infected and HIV-Uninfected Patients: A Single-Center, 8-Year Experience in Italy and Review of the Literature (2007)

PCR assay is a highly sensitive and specific tool for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients and can be reliably used for rapid parasite identification at the species level.
Kupffer Cells Undergo Fundamental Changes during the Development of Experimental NASH and Are Critical in Initiating Liver Damage and Inflammation (2016)

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease has become the leading liver disease in North America and is associated with the progressive inflammatory liver disease non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Considerable effort has been made to understand the role of resident and recruited macrophage populations in NASH however numerous questions remain. Our goal was to characterize the dynamic changes in liver macrophages during the initiation of NASH in a murine model. Using the methionine-choline deficient diet we found that liver-resident macrophages, Kupffer cells were lost early in disease onset followed by a robust infiltration of Ly-6C+ monocyte-derived macrophages that retained a dynamic phenotype. Genetic profiling revealed distinct patterns of inflammatory gene expression between macrophage subsets. Only early depletion of liver macrophages using liposomal clodronate prevented the development of NASH in mice suggesting that Kupffer cells are critical for the orchestration of inflammation during experimental NASH. Increased understanding of these dynamics may allow us to target potentially harmful populations whilst promoting anti-inflammatory or restorative populations to ultimately guide the development of effective treatment strategies.
Improved tractography using asymmetric fibre orientation distributions (2017)

Diffusion MRI allows us to make inferences on the structural organisation of the brain by mapping water diffusion to white matter microstructure. However, such a mapping is generally ill-defined; for instance, diffusion measurements are antipodally symmetric (diffusion along x and -x are equal), whereas the distribution of fibre orientations within a voxel is generally not symmetric. Therefore, different sub-voxel patterns such as crossing, fanning, or sharp bending, cannot be distinguished by fitting a voxel-wise model to the signal. However, asymmetric fibre patterns can potentially be distinguished once spatial information from neighbouring voxels is taken into account. We propose a neighbourhood-constrained spherical deconvolution approach that is capable of inferring asymmetric fibre orientation distributions (A-fods). Importantly, we further design and implement a tractography algorithm that utilises the estimated A-fods, since the commonly used streamline tractography paradigm cannot directly take advantage of the new information. We assess performance using ultra-high resolution histology data where we can compare true orientation distributions against sub-voxel fibre patterns estimated from down-sampled data. Finally, we explore the benefits of A-fods-based tractography using in vivo data by evaluating agreement of tractography predictions with connectivity estimates made using different in-vivo modalities. The proposed approach can reliably estimate complex fibre patterns such as sharp bending and fanning, which voxel-wise approaches cannot estimate. Moreover, histology-based and in-vivo results show that the new framework allows more accurate tractography and reconstruction of maps quantifying (symmetric and asymmetric) fibre complexity.
The Regulation of Neovascularization by Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Inhibitors. (1998)

The process of new capillary formation from preexisting vessels, angiogenesis, is a complex physiological event which is strictly controlled, occurring only very rarely under normal conditions. In contrast, there are a number of serious diseases, among them solid tumor growth, rheumatoid arthritis and several eye diseases, which are characterized by unrestricted new capillary growth and which are described as diseases. One of the key events required for successful angiogenesis is extracellular proteolysis. Increased attention has been focused on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family of enzymes whose activity is a rate-limiting step in extracellular matrix remodeling. This review will present the accumulating body of evidence, from a number of laboratories, which documents the important role of MMP activity in the regulation of angiogenesis. Taken together, these data suggest that one strategy for controlling the deregulated angiogenesis characteristic of these serious angiogenic diseases may be one which is operative at the level of the control of MMP activity.
Increased Frequency of Argyrophilic Grain Disease in Alzheimer Disease with 4R Tau-Specific Immunohistochemistry (2005)

Argyrophilic grain disease (AGD) is a medial temporal 4R tauopathy with filamentous inclusions in dendrospinal portions of neurons. AGD is often associated with mild Alzheimer-type pathology, but it is difficult to detect AGD in the setting of advanced Alzheimer disease (AD). The frequency of AGD in AD has been difficult to determine because of masking of grains by neurofibrillary lesions. To address this issue, medial temporal lobe sections from AD brains were immunostained with a 4R tau-specific antibody, ET3, which permitted detection of grains even in the setting of advanced neurofibrillary degeneration. AGD was found in 61 of 239 AD cases (26%). The frequency of AGD in AD in this study is higher than in previous studies that relied on less selective staining methods, such as the Gallyas silver stain or immunostaining with phospho-tau antibodies. The frequency of AGD in AD did not correlate with Braak stage or with the density of neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques in the limbic lobe; however, AD cases with AGD were significantly older than cases without AGD. The MAPT H1 frequency tended to be higher in AD cases with AGD than in those without AGD, but there were no differences in APOE epsilon4 carrier state. These findings suggest advanced age and possibly MAPT H1 are risk factors for AGD, even in the setting of concurrent AD, in which neurofibrillary degeneration is associated with accumulation of both 3R and 4R tau.
A new technique for control of epicardial bleeding. (1988)

Technique employee pendant la revascularisation myocardique. Emploi d'un morceau de pericarde comme patch, cousu au myocarde et enveloppe de collagene myofibrillaire absorbable de bovin
Investigation of the heat distribution around cable ducts in a desert climate (2004)

The motivation for this project is, the cable loads depends both on the heat dissipation from the cables and the thermal environment surrounding the cables. A measuring system was built for monitoring cable currents, cable temperatures and temperatures surrounding the cable. The effect of soil temperatures surrounding the cables depending on distance from the cable duct bank, ambient air temperature and cable loads is investigated. The transient cable jacket temperature rise corresponding to any step change in cable current is also examined and discussed. The daily variation of the probe thermocouple temperatures, cable current loads and the cable jacket temperatures are evaluated. The measured results were validated using the USAmp+ cable ampacity software and the substation energy management system (EMS) data. The measured results helps the utility to know whether the cable jacket temperatures exceeds the maximum limits and also provides data for increasing loads in case of high demand.
Influence of Isosorbide Dinitrate Concentration on Its Skin Permeability from Adhesive Matrix Devices. (1991)

Adhesive matrix devices containing a model drug, isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN), were prepared with three different types of pressure sensitive adhesives (PSAs). ISDN permeation through excised hairless rat skin from the different devices was measured in vitro. For each PSA type, the steady state permeation rate of ISDN increased proportionally with an increase of ISDN concentration in the PSA and reached a maximum level at a certain concentration. Although the concentrations reaching the maximum skin permeation level varied among PSA types, the maximum rate for each PSA type was largely similar to that for ISDN aqueous suspension. The release rate of ISDN from devices was too fast to influence the skin permeation rate for all devices. In the PSA of devices showing maximum skin permeability, ISDN crystalline was observed by polarizing microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. These results suggest that the skin permeation of ISDN from adhesive matrix devices was controlled by the thermodynamic activity of the drug in the PSAs.
Area-Efficient Three Axis MEMS Lorentz Force Magnetometer (2013)

A micro-electromechanical-systems (MEMS) three-axis Lorentz force magnetometer based on a 0.24 × 0.4 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> MEMS resonator that is the smallest Lorentz force sensor reported to date is presented in this paper. A magnetic field can be detected in two axes using a single MEMS structure. Placing two structures perpendicular to each other in a single die makes three-axis sensing possible. Sensing is performed by exciting the MEMS resonator at its in-plane and out-of-plane mechanical resonant frequencies of 40.5 and 107.4 kHz, respectively. A modest die-level vacuum packaging results in in-plane and out-of-plane mechanical quality factors of 110 and 310, respectively. The sensor has a bandwidth of 184 Hz for z-axis and 189 Hz for x/y-axis magnetic field. With an excitation power of 2 mW, the sensor resolution is 285 nT/√Hz for z-axis magnetic field inputs and 344 nT/√Hz for x/y-axis magnetic field inputs. The resolution is limited by Brownian noise in the z-axis whereas the x/y-axis resolution is limited by electronic noise. With an averaging time of 288 s, the sensor shows an offset stability of 23 nT.
Simultaneous Organic Carbon Removal and Nitrification by Biofilm Formed on Oxygen Enrichment Membrane. (1994)

Biorilm was formed on an oxygen enrichment-type support which consisted of a poly(dimethylsiloxane) hollow fiber membrane and a fibrous support woven around the fiber. Population distribution of nitrifiers and denitrifiers in the biofilm was investigated. Nitrifiers were dominant within the fibrous support while denitrifiers were dominant in the surface biofilm attached to the support. Simultaneous organic carbon removal and nitrification were carried out successfully in single-step treatment of domestic wastewater. The nitrification rate in the present biofilm was about 2.2 g/m2d at an air pressure of 19.6 kPa or 29.4 kPa and was comparable to that in conventional biofilm processes designed especially for nitrification.
Pharmacogenomics of cytochrome P450 and other enzymes involved in biotransformation of xenobiotics (2000)

Pharmacogenomics has become a popular new field. Issues are applicable to the enzymes involved in the metabolism of “xenobiotics” (including drugs) as well as the receptors and other gene-product targets for drugs. Much is already known about the enzymes involved in xenobiotic metabolism and their genes and regulation. Programs have been implemented by pharmaceutical companies for use of these systems in screening for bioavailability and potential drug–drug interactions. New methods and pharmacogenomic approaches can be incorporated into these strategies. Toxicogenomics is a newer field that incorporates the application of pharmacogenomics principles to issues of predictive toxicity. Related to pharmacogenomics and experimental toxicogenomics are efforts to relate genomics to risk of cancer and other diseases caused by environmental chemicals and physical agents that individuals are inadvertently exposed to. The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences has initiated the Environmental Genome Project towards this effort. Drug Dev. Res. 49:4–16, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Robust Strategies for Automated AFM Force Curve Analysis—II: Adhesion-Influenced Indentation of Soft, Elastic Materials (2007)

In the first of this two-part discourse on the extraction of elastic properties from atomic force microscopy (AFM) data, a scheme for automating the analysis of force-distance curves was introduced and experimentally validated for the Hertzian (i.e., linearly elastic and noninteractive probe-sample pairs) indentation of soft, inhomogeneous materials. In the presence of probe-sample adhesive interactions, which are common especially during retraction of the rigid tip from soft materials, the Hertzian models are no longer adequate. A number of theories (e.g., Johnson-Kendall-Roberts and Derjaguin-Muller-Toporov), covering the full range of sample compliance relative to adhesive force and tip radius, are available for analysis of such data. We incorporated Pietrement and Troyon's approximation (2000, "General Equations Describing Elastic Indentation Depth and Normal Contact Stiffness Versus Load," J. Colloid Interface Sci., 226(1), pp. 166-171) of the Maugis-Dugdale model into the automated procedure. The scheme developed for the processing of Hertzian data was extended to allow for adhesive contact by applying the Pietrement-Troyon equation. Retraction force-displacement data from the indentation of polyvinyl alcohol gels were processed using the customized software. Many of the retraction curves exhibited strong adhesive interactions that were absent in extension. We compared the values of Young's modulus extracted from the retraction data to the values obtained from the extension data and from macroscopic uniaxial compression tests. Application of adhesive contact models and the automated scheme to the retraction curves yielded average values of Young's modulus close to those obtained with Hertzian models for the extension curves. The Pietrement-Troyon equation provided a good fit to the data as indicated by small values of the mean-square error. The Maugis-Dugdale theory is capable of accurately modeling adhesive contact between a rigid spherical indenter and a soft, elastic sample. Pietrement and Troyon's empirical equation greatly simplifies the theory and renders it compatible with the general automation strategies that we developed for Hertzian analysis. Our comprehensive algorithm for automated extraction of Young's moduli from AFM indentation data has been expanded to recognize the presence of either adhesive or Hertzian behavior and apply the appropriate contact model.
Sharp Condition for blow-up and global existence in a two species chemotactic Keller-Segel system in $\mathbb{R}^2$ (2013)

For the parabolic-elliptic Keller-Segel system in R^2 it has been proved that if the initial mass is less than 8π/χ global solution exist and in the case that the initial mass is larger than 8π/χ blow-up happens. The case of several chemotactic species introduces an additional question: What is the analog for the critical mass obtained for the single species system? We find a threshold curve in the case of two especies case that allows us to determine if the system has blow-up or has a global in time solution.
Can small hydrophobic gold nanoparticles inhibit β2-microglobulin fibrillation? (2014)

Inorganic nanoparticles stabilized by a shell of organic ligands can enhance or suppress the natural propensity of proteins to form fibrils. Functionalization facilitates targeted delivery of the nanoparticles to various cell types, bioimaging, drug delivery and other therapeutic and diagnostic applications. In this study, we provide a computational model of the effect of a prototypical thiol-protected gold nanoparticle, Au₂₅L₁₈(-) (L = S(CH₂)₂Ph) on the β₂-microglobulin natural fibrillation propensity. To reveal the molecular basis of the protein-nanoparticle association process, we performed various simulations at multiple levels (Classical Molecular Dynamics and Brownian Dynamics) that cover multiple length- and timescales. The results provide a model of the ensemble of structures constituting the protein-gold nanoparticle complexes, and insights into the driving forces for the binding of β₂-microglobulin to hydrophobic small size gold nanoparticles. We have found that the small nanoparticles can bind the protein to form persistent complexes. This binding of nanoparticles is able to block the active sites of domains from binding to another protein, thus leading to potential inhibition of the fibrillation activity. A comparison with the binding patches identified for the interaction of the protein with a known inhibitor of fibrillation, supports our conclusion.
Tetrahydroquinolines by Lewis Acid-promoted Friedel-Crafts Cyclizations (2013)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Acknowledgments J. G. C. thanks Oklahoma State University for a 2010–2011 Wentz Project Scholarship. Funding for the 300 MHz NMR spectrometer of the Oklahoma Statewide Shared NMR Facility was provided by NSF (BIR-9512269), the Oklahoma State Regents for Higher Education, the W. M. Keck Foundation, and Conoco, Inc. Finally, the authors wish to thank the OSU College of Arts and Sciences for funds to upgrade our departmental FT-IR instruments. Nick Cain and John Cooper were undergraduate research participants.
Complex lung function in severe asthma: seeing is believing (2016)

Difficult-to-treat or severe asthma remains a common problem and a challenge for healthcare providers. It affects up to 10% of asthmatic individuals, who continue to suffer high disease burden and healthcare costs [1]. This clinical problem still exists despite many advances in the understanding of the underlying basis of asthma and improved management strategies, which include targeted anti-inflammatory therapy with monoclonal antibodies. Research effort continues, with exploration of different aspects of pathophysiology such as genomics, proteomics, inflammation, airway remodelling and airway smooth muscle abnormalities. In this context, the examination of complex lung function at the whole-organ level becomes increasingly important. There have been many technical advances in functional imaging and in complex measures of lung function that can now be used to explore the pathophysiology of asthma at the whole-organ level, and which can be more directly related to clinical manifestations of disease such as symptoms and airway hyperresponsiveness. Techniques to partition airway dysfunction could improve understanding of severe asthma <http://ow.ly/N7zD301wFn6>
Study of flatness-based Automatic Generation Control Approach on an NPCC system model (2015)

The rapid integration of wind power has begun to impact overall power system control, and particularly frequency control. On the other hand, power system sensor and measurement technologies have shown great improvement during the last decade. These technologies could allow for greater use of advanced control techniques based on wide-area measurement signals to mitigate the challenges related to wind and similar renewable resources integration. In this work, it is proposed that the Automatic Generation Control (AGC) can be performed using local Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs), in two levels of trajectory generation and trajectory tracking, based on flat systems properties. The approach is implemented on NPCC system in presence of load changes and wind power variations.
Phase Noise Study Based on Transfer function in Coupled Optoelectronic Oscillators (2017)

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