gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of cytoplasmic lipid droplets in each region of the small intestine of lean and diet-induced obese mice in response to dietary fat (2021)

The absorptive cells of the small intestine, namely, enterocytes, contribute to postprandial blood lipid levels by secreting dietary triacylglycerol in chylomicrons. The rate and amount of dietary triacylglycerol absorbed vary along the length of the small intestine. Excess dietary triacylglycerol not immediately secreted in chylomicrons can be temporarily stored in cytoplasmic lipid droplets (CLDs) and repackaged in chylomicrons at later times. The characteristics of CLDs, including their size, number per cell, and associated proteins, may influence CLD metabolism and reflect differences in lipid processing or storage in each intestinal region. However, it is unknown whether the characteristics or proteomes of CLDs differ in enterocytes of each intestine region in response to dietary fat. Furthermore, it is unclear if obesity influences the characteristics or proteomes of CLDs in each intestine region. To address this, we used transmission electron microscopy and shotgun liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis to assess the characteristics and proteome of CLDs in the proximal, middle, and distal regions of the small intestine of lean and diet-induced obese (DIO) mice 2 h after an oil gavage. We identified differences in lipid storage along the length of the small intestine and between lean and DIO mice, as well as distinct CLD proteomes reflecting potentially unique roles of CLDs in each region. This study reveals differences in lipid processing along the length of the small intestine in response to dietary fat in lean and DIO mice and reflects distinct features of the proximal, middle, distal region of the small intestine.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> This study reflects the dynamics of fat absorption along the length of the small intestine in lean and obese mice in the physiological response to dietary fat. We identified unique features of cytoplasmic lipid droplets (CLDs) in the proximal, middle, and distal regions of the small intestine of lean and obese mice that may contribute to regional differences in dietary fat processing, absorption, or CLD metabolism.
Lightweight and Flexible Graphene Foam Composites for High‐Performance Electromagnetic Interference Shielding (2013)

A lightweight graphene foam composite with a density of 0.06 g/cm3 is developed. It shows a EMI shielding effectiveness of 30 dB and specific shielding effectiveness of 500 dB·cm3/g, which surpasses the best values of metals and other carbon-based composites. In addition, the excellent flexibility of this foam composite gives it a stable EMI shielding performance under repeated bending. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
A Low Dose of Ghrelin Stimulates Growth Hormone (GH) Release Synergistically with GH-Releasing Hormone in Humans (2001)

The synergistic relationship between GH-releasing secretagogue (GHS) and GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) with respect to GH secretion is well known. In the present study, we report a similar relationship between GHRH and ghrelin, a recently identified endogenous ligand for the GHS receptor. In normal male adults, various doses of ghrelin were intravenously administered alone or together with 1.0 microg/kg GHRH. At small doses of 0.08 and 0.2 microg/kg ghrelin, combined administration of the two peptides significantly stimulated GH release in a synergistic manner; the mean GH response values of the two peptide combinations were more than the summed mean GH response values of each peptide alone (P < 0.05). In addition, at 1.0 microg/kg ghrelin, the tendency of the synergistic effect was observed, although the comparison was not statistically significant probably due to a submaximal dose ceiling effect. No synergistic effects with respect to ACTH or prolactin secretion were observed. In conclusion, the synergistic interaction between ghrelin and GHRH was clearly shown and might be useful for a provocation test to diagnose GH deficiency.
The importance of Extended Producer Responsibility and the National Policy of Solid Waste in Brazil (2016)

This paper presents an overview of the current situation of the reverse logistics schemes in Brazil and the importance of the National Policy of Solid Waste enacted in 2010, the main regulatory milestone in the country. In addition, the work intends to comprehend extended producer responsibility (EPR) in Europe as an environmental principle, the representative directives related to this issue, the targets, the economic incentives and their consequences. Assuredly, Brazilian cities can use the European EPR schemes as parameters to set up the guidelines in short and long terms. This article leads to the conclusion that the EPR regulation and economic instruments can promote diverting of waste from landfills to reusing, recycling and recovering treatments. The recommendations of this study are to introduce the possibility of a circular economy in Brazil modelled on the European EPR concept, through public policies and economic instruments in order to upgrade the waste hierarchy.
Spectral Characterization of Parametric Biphoton States Enabled by Frequency-to-time Mapping Technique (2022)

Spectral correlations of a biphoton state from a parametric process are characterized with the use of the well-developed frequency-to-time mapping technique, enabling the first demonstration of the Hanbury Brown and Twiss experiment in frequency domain.
NMOS device characteristics in electron-beam-recrystallized SOI (1993)

Characteristics of n-channel MOSFETs fabricated in cold-cathode electron-beam-recrystallized silicon-on-oxide layers have been examined. Assorted crystallographic defects exist in the recrystallized silicon layer, ranging from highly branched subgrain boundaries to widely spaced parallel subgrains and rows of threading dislocations. Some of these MOSFET transistors have characteristics approaching those fabricated in bulk silicon including approximately=828 cm/sup 2//V-s electron surface mobilities and 130 mV/decade inverse subthreshold slopes. However, many of the devices tested exhibited leakage currents up to 10/sup -6/ A/ mu m, resulting in high inverse subthreshold slopes and reduced threshold voltages. Some effects of crystal imperfections on device behavior are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Current and future applications of magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy of the brain in hepatic encephalopathy (2006)

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a common neuro-psychiatric abnormality, which complicates the course of patients with liver disease and results from hepatocellular failure and/or portosystemic shunting. The manifestations of HE are widely variable and involve a spectrum from mild subclinical disturbance to deep coma. Research interest has focused on the role of circulating gut-derived toxins, particularly ammonia, the development of brain swelling and changes in cerebral neurotransmitter systems that lead to global CNS depression and disordered function. Until recently the direct investigation of cerebral function has been difficult in man. However, new magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques provide a non-invasive means of assessment of changes in brain volume (coregistered MRI) and impaired brain function (fMRI), while proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) detects changes in brain biochemistry, including direct measurement of cerebral osmolytes, such as myoinositol, glutamate and glutamine which govern processes intrinsic to cellular homeostasis, including the accumulation of intracellular water. The concentrations of these intracellular osmolytes alter with hyperammonaemia. MRS-detected metabolite abnormalities correlate with the severity of neuropsychiatric impairment and since MR spectra return towards normal after treatment, the technique may be of use in objective patient monitoring and in assessing the effectiveness of various treatment regimens.
Crystal structures capture multiple stoichiometric states of an aqueous self-assembling oligourea foldamer (2021)

We report here an oligourea foldamer able to self-assemble in aqueous conditions into helix bundles of multiple stoichiometries. Importantly, we report crystal structures of several of these stoichiometries, providing a series of high-resolution snap-shots of the structural polymorphism of this foldamer and uncovering a novel self-assembly.
Effect of polyclonal antisera developed against dense granule-associated Neospora caninum proteins on cell invasion and development in vitro by N. caninum tachyzoites (1999)

The effects of polyclonal antisera to 2 recombinant dense granule (DG) antigens of Neospora caninum on invasion and development by N. caninum tachyzoites in baby hamster kidney cell cultures were examined. In immunofluorescent antibody tests, the anti-DG sera, at dilutions of 1:100 to 1:500, reacted intensely with individual intracellular tachyzoites and groups of tachyzoites enclosed in parasitophorous vacuoles at 2 and 52 h p.i., respectively. Tachyzoites suspended in diluted anti-DG sera and inoculated immediately into the cell cultures invaded cells in significantly fewer numbers (53-68% fewer by 2 h p.i.) than tachyzoites suspended in similarly diluted normal rabbit serum. In contrast, tachyzoites suspended in anti-Eimeria tenella sporozoite serum invaded cells as efficiently as those suspended in normal rabbit serum. Addition of anti-DG sera at the time of inoculation of tachyzoites, or to the cell cultures after the parasites had entered cells, had little effect on either the percentage or rate of their subsequent development.
Genome Editing Technology and Its Application to Metabolic Engineering in Rice (2022)

Genome editing technology can be used for gene engineering in many organisms. A target metabolite can be fortified by the knockout and modification of target genes encoding enzymes involved in catabolic and biosynthesis pathways, respectively, via genome editing technology. Genome editing is also applied to genes encoding proteins other than enzymes, such as chaperones and transporters. There are many reports of such metabolic engineering using genome editing technology in rice. Genome editing is used not only for site-directed mutagenesis such as the substitution of a single base in a target gene but also for random mutagenesis at a targeted region. The latter enables the creation of novel genetic alleles in a target gene. Recently, genome editing technology has been applied to random mutagenesis in a targeted gene and its promoter region in rice, enabling the screening of plants with a desirable trait from these mutants. Moreover, the expression level of a target gene can be artificially regulated by a combination of genome editing tools such as catalytically inactivated Cas protein with transcription activator or repressor. This approach could be useful for metabolic engineering, although expression cassettes for inactivated Cas fused to a transcriptional activator or repressor should be stably transformed into the rice genome. Thus, the rapid development of genome editing technology has been expanding the scope of molecular breeding including metabolic engineering. In this paper, we review the current status of genome editing technology and its application to metabolic engineering in rice.
The effect of lithium surface coatings on plasma performance in the National Spherical Torus Experiment (2008)

National Spherical Torus Experiment [which M. Ono et al., Nucl. Fusion 40, 557 (2000)] high-power divertor plasma experiments have shown, for the first time, that benefits from lithium coatings applied to plasma facing components found previously in limited plasmas can occur also in high-power diverted configurations. Lithium coatings were applied with pellets injected into helium discharges, and also with an oven that directed a collimated stream of lithium vapor toward the graphite tiles of the lower center stack and divertor. Lithium oven depositions from a few milligrams to 1g have been applied between discharges. Benefits from the lithium coatings were sometimes, but not always, seen. These benefits sometimes included decreases in plasma density, inductive flux consumption, and edge-localized mode occurrence, and increases in electron temperature, ion temperature, energy confinement, and periods of edge and magnetohydrodynamic quiescence. In addition, reductions in lower divertor D, C, and O luminosity were measured.
Loss of transforming growth factor β signalling in the intestine contributes to tissue injury in inflammatory bowel disease (2001)

Deficiency of TGF-beta signalling specifically in the intestine contributes to the development of IBD. Maintenance of TGF-beta signalling may be important in regulating immune homeostasis in the intestine
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 14,20‐Bis‐epi‐1α,25‐dihydroxy‐19‐norvitamin D3 and Analogues. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Human Land-Use Practices Lead to Global Long-Term Increases in Photosynthetic Capacity (2014)

Long-term trends in photosynthetic capacity measured with the satellite-derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) are usually associated with climate change. Human impacts on the global land surface are typically not accounted for. Here, we provide the first global analysis quantifying the effect of the earth’s human footprint on NDVI trends. Globally, more than 20% of the variability in NDVI trends was explained by anthropogenic factors such as land use, nitrogen fertilization, and irrigation. Intensely used land classes, such as villages, showed the greatest rates of increase in NDVI, more than twice than those of forests. These findings reveal that factors beyond climate influence global long-term trends in NDVI and suggest that global climate change models and analyses of primary productivity should incorporate land use effects.
Measurement and Modelling of an UWB Channel at Hospital (2006)

This paper describes the results of an ultra wideband (UWB) channel measurements and modelling from 3.1 to 6.0 GHz carried out at the Oulu University Hospital. Mainly line-of-sight (LOS) channels were measured having transmitter-receiver separation from 3 to 6 m. The modelling is done in time domain and in frequency domain, and the results are compared with. Channel parameters that are corresponding to the modified Saleh-Valenzuela (SV) model in time domain and autoregressive (AR) model in frequency domain are extracted from the measurement data. Also, delay spreads and path losses are examined. In the study, the effect of the huge frequency diversity over the UWB band on the path loss is pointed out.
In vitro biocompatibility assessment of naturally derived and synthetic biomaterials using normal human urothelial cells (2001)

The reconstruction of urinary tissues often employs various types of biomaterials, and adequate material biocompatibility is essential for the successful reconstruction of urinary tissues. In this study we utilized a primary normal human urothelial cell culture system to evaluate the in vitro biocompatibility of a number of naturally derived biomaterials [i.e., bladder submucosa, small intestinal submucosa, collagen, and alginate] and polymeric biomaterials [i.e., poly(glycolic acid), poly(L-lactic acid), poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid), and silicone] that are either experimentally or clinically used in urinary reconstructive surgery. To determine the cytotoxic and bioactive effects of these biomaterials, the cell viability, metabolic activity, apoptotic properties, and DNA-synthesis activity were measured with four types of assays [Neutral Red, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5diphenyl tetrazolium bromide, apoptotic activity, and tritiated thymidine incorporation assays] using extract and direct contact methods. Most of the biomaterials tested did not induce significant cytotoxic effects and exhibited normal metabolic function and cell growth in vitro. This normal primary human urothelial cell culture model is suitable for in vitro biocompatibility assessments and is able to provide information on the cell-biomaterial interactions and the ability of biomaterials to support bioactive cell functions.
Préparation des échantillons d'origine biologique préalable à leur analyse chromatographique (1999)

peer reviewed
Supplementation of Syzygium cumini seed powder prevented obesity, glucose intolerance, hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress in high carbohydrate high fat diet induced obese rats (2017)

Our investigation suggests that Syzygium cumini seed powder supplementation prevents oxidative stress and showed anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic activity in liver of HCHF diet fed rats. In addition, Syzygium cumini seed powder may be beneficial in ameliorating insulin resistance and dyslipidemia probably by increasing lipid metabolism in liver of HCHF diet fed rats.
PET Imaging of Ischemia-Induced Impairment of Mitochondrial Complex I Function in Monkey Brain (2014)

To assess the capability of (18)F-2-tert-butyl-4-chloro-5-{6-[2-(2-fluoroethoxy)-ethoxy]-pyridin-3-ylmethoxy}-2H-pyridazin-3-one ((18)F-BCPP-EF), a novel positron emission tomography (PET) probe for mitochondrial complex I (MC-I) activity, as a specific marker of ischemia-induced neuronal death without being disturbed by inflammation, translational research was conducted using an animal PET in ischemic brains of Cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). Focal ischemia was induced by the right middle cerebral artery occlusion for 3 hours, then PET scans were conducted at Day-7 with (15)O-gases for regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and regional cerebral metabolism of oxygen (rCMRO₂), and (18)F-BCPP-EF for MC-I with arterial blood sampling. On Day-8, the additional PET scans conducted with (11)C-flumazenil ((11)C-FMZ) for central-type benzodiazepine receptors, (11)C-PBR28 for translocator protein, and (18)F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ((18)F-FDG) for regional cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (rCMRglc). The total distribution volume (VT) values of (18)F-BCPP-EF showed the significant reduction in MC-I activity in the damaged area at Day-7. When correlated with rCBF and rCMRO₂, the VT values of (18)F-BCPP-EF provided better correlation with rCMRO₂ than with rCBF. In the inflammatory regions (region of interest, ROIPBR) of the ischemic hemisphere detected with (11)C-PBR28, higher (18)F-FDG uptake and lower VT of (18)F-BCPP-EF, (11)C-FMZ, and rCMRO2 than those in normal contralateral hemisphere were observed. These results strongly suggested that (18)F-BCPP-EF could discriminate the neuronal damaged areas with neuroinflammation, where (18)F-FDG could not owing to its high uptake into the activated microglia.
&#x201C;Green&#x201D; dielectric implementation in RF modules (2008)

The explosion of portable consumer electronics and mobile communication applications has driven RF module design to encompass a wide range of package types and functions. At Skyworks, this diversified wireless product portfolio results in two distinct types of laminate module configurations. All multilayer laminate package substrates use 1/2/1 build up HDI technology. In addition to the electrical design and performance considerations, thermomechanical characteristics for module assembly and reliability, compliance with environmental directives and the ability to have multiple Printed Circuit Board (PCB) suppliers using the same design rules and materials with high capability, good turn around time and acceptable costs are all given. As wireless modules expand, the types and features of the substrates is growing much more diverse and making the most appropriate choice for the dielectric much more complex. The qualification of bromine-free "green" dielectrics using standard package reliability testing is only the tip of the iceberg regarding implementation. This paper discusses the practical aspects of "green" dielectric implementation in RF modules after the initial qualification is done.
Virginia (2009)

Virginia, located in the South Atlantic region of the United States, has a population of 7.7 million people, making it the twelfth most populous state in 2007. The state’s population increased by 633,576 people from 2000 to 2007, and is projected to increase to 9.4 million by 2025. This 1.1% projected annual growth rate compares to the projected national average of 0.8%. From 2006 to 2007 the state’s population grew by 0.9%. Per capita personal income in Virginia was $41,561 in 2007, up from $39,564 in 2006. For 2007, this was eighth highest in the country and $2,997 above the national average. From 2000 to 2007 the per capita income in Virginia grew at a compound annual rate of 4.2%, compared to 3.7% nationally.
Non-trivial solutions and their stability in a two-degree-of-freedom Mathieu-Duffing system (2022)

Abstract The Mathieu-Duffing equation represents a basic form for a parametrically excited system with cubic nonlinearities. In multi-degree-of-freedom systems, other interesting instability conditions take place and are considered in this work. Accordingly, the non-trivial solutions are obtained, especially when the trivial solution is unstable. At resonant frequencies a bifurcation analysis is carried out using the multiple scales method, followed by investigating the effect of an asynchronous parametric excitation. Since various micro- and nano-systems include cubic nonlinearities and subjected to parametric excitation, this work should be of relevant importance.
Ozonation of Water: Selectivity and Rate of Oxidation of Solutes (1979)

The reactions of ozone with dissolved organics in aqueous media are considered in terms of· two reaction pathways: direct reactions of ozone and free radical reactions involving a hydroxyl free radical intermediate. The selectivity and reaction rate are correlated with the molecular structure of the organic compound. The effect of free radical quenchers are examined.