gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The preparation of sodium 4-Amino-3-nitro-benzenesulfonate and some related compounds (1982)

The sodium salt of 4-amino-3-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid ( O -nitroaniline- p -sulfonic acid) has been prepared by the action of dilute sodium hydroxide solution on ethyl [(4-chlorosulfonyl-2-nitro)- phenyllcarbamate. Central to this synthesis is the finding that the N -ethoxycarbonyl group, when located ortho to a nitro group (but not to a bromo group), is readily removed by dilute sodium hydroxide solution.
Was it worth it? Older adults’ experiences of participating in a population-based cohort study – a focus group study (2019)

Knowledge of priorities and problems with topics experienced by older adults completing different examinations when participating in longitudinal population-based studies is crucial for research to improve the health and wellbeing of older people. To date, older people's involvement in population-based cohort studies has largely been as research subjects. This study is a first step toward the participants taking a more active part by allowing them to share their experiences which can be used to improve the research procedures. This requires the participation of older adults in collaboration with the researchers, to ensure the quality of longitudinal studies of older adults. Therefore, our intention when it comes to future research will be to involve older adults-the target group-in the research procedure.
Human Posture Recognition and fall detection Using Kinect V2 Camera (2019)

Based on the depth information and skeleton tracking technology of Microsoft Kinectv2 sensor, this paper performs human body gesture recognition and realizes human fall detection based on this. First, the depth of the Kinect V2 sensor is used to process the human joints produced by the skeleton tracker. Then the optimized BP neural network is used for posture recognition, and the fall is detected on this basis. The neural network is trained using the dataset generated by the Kinect tracker,but use a different body tracker (NITE) for testing. Finally, the posture recognition and fall detection were experimentally verified. We performed real-time testing (up to 3.5 meters) over the entire working range of the sensor. Through experiments, the overall accuracy of the NITE tracker for fall testing was 98.5%, and the worst accuracy was 97.3%.
Vinylogous Reactivity of Oxindoles Bearing Nonsymmetric 3-Alkylidene Groups (2015)

The γ-functionalization of oxindoles bearing nonsymmetric 3-alkylidene groups via vinylogous Michael-type addition to nitroolefins was realized. The suppression of the interconversion between the E and Z isomers of the starting oxindoles allowed a site-specific diastereoselective and enantioselective transformation. Specific experiments allowed us to establish the rate-determining step of the reaction and to advance a robust hypothesis for the exclusive formation of an s-cis enolate as the only reactive intermediate.
Condensation pressure during amalgam placement in patients (1995)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the condensation pressure during amalgam placement in patients. Forty-four practitioners were asked to fill two class 2 cavities in the lower jaw on their patients in their own practice with the aid of a force-measuring plugger. This device, with semiconductor strain gauges, allowed the dentist to have an identical tactile feedback as with any other plugger. Three different amalgams, with different shapes of alloy particles, were tested. The results showed a maximum condensation pressure of 8.9+/-2.4 MPa and 5.5+/-1.8 MPa with a small and a large amalgam plugger, respectively. Average condensation pressures were 3.7+/-1.3 MPa for the small and 2.2+/-0.9 MPa for the large instrument. The total working time required to fill a cavity was on average 131 s; the amalgam was effectively condensed for 44 s. No significant differences between amalgams with different shapes of alloy particles, no influence of time of day, and no difference between female and male dentists were found. This study showed that the condensation pressure is lower than often recommended, and that it is not statistically different from the values obtained in a previous laboratory study.
Soy flavor and its improvement (1988)

A highly characteristic and often undesirable flavor associated with soy protein materials largely explains the slower-than-expected progress over recent years in the development of high-protein foods based on soya. Apart from the inherent flavor of the bean, different flavors are produced on processing and on storage. Major problems are the absence of an attractive positive flavor, the presence of off-flavors of several kinds, the tenacious binding of such flavors to the soy protein molecules, and the difficulties of removing and/or masking these unacceptable qualities. This review provides a reappraisal of current literature evidence relating to each of these aspects and summarizes published patents of processes for soy flavor improvement.
Microstructure of high strength steel refined with intragranularly nucleated Widmanstätten ferrite (1991)

A method has been developed to refine the microstructure of clean, high strength martensitic steels by partitioning the austenite grain structure with intragranularly nucleated plates of Widmanstätten ferrite. The plates were induced to nucleate heterogeneously on oxide particles present in the steels, by first forming uniform, thin layers of inactive allotriomorphic ferrite at the austenite grain surfaces. This effectively removed the austenite grain boundaries as potential sites for the nucleation of Widmanstätten ferrite, which consequently nucleated intragranularly on impurity oxide particles. The intragranularly nucleated ferrite plates were found to radiate in many directions from each oxide particle, in a manner which subdivided the remaining austenite into fine blocks. Quenching after this partial transformation to allotriomorphic and Widmanstätten ferrite resulted in the martensitic decomposition of the blocks of residual austenite, leading to a significantly refined overall microstructure.MST/1438
Airfoil Boundary-Layer Flow Control Using Fluidic Oscillators (2012)

Experiments were conducted to explore the use of fluidic oscillators for improving the aerodynamic performance of the S903 airfoil. The tests were conducted at chord Reynolds numbers ranging from 4 x 10 5 to 1 x 10 6 in the Low-Speed, Mid-Size Tunnel at the Pennsylvania State University. The improvement in lift coefficient range from 10% to 20% and depends on the Reynolds number and the actuation level. It was observed that the higher the oscillator jet velocity with respect to the free stream velocity, the higher the gain in aerodynamic performance at a given Reynolds number. It was also observed that the gain in maximum lift was nearly constant for varying Reynolds numbers if the ratio of jet velocity to the free stream velocity is kept constant. Numerical simulations were performed to study the effect of frequency of actuation for a given velocity ratio and to better understand the physics of the flow control mechanism involved.
Wettability Survey in Bakken Shale Using Surfactant Formulation Imbibition (2012)

Abstract For ultra-tight shale reservoirs, wettability strongly affects fluid flow behavior. However, wettability can be modified by numerous complex interactions and the ambient environment, such as pH, temperature, or surfactant access. In our previous study for Bakken shale imbibition, a group of surfactant formulations were examined—balancing the temperature, pH, salinity, and divalent cation content of aqueous fluids to increase oil production from shale with ultra-low porosity and permeability in the Middle Member of the Bakken Formation in the Williston Basin of North Dakota. To advance this work, this paper determines the wettability of different parts of the Bakken Formation. One goal of this research is to identify if the wettability can be altered using surfactant formulations. The ultimate objective of this research is to determine the potential of surfactant formulations to imbibe into and displace oil from shale, and examine the viability of a field application. Using modified Amott-Harvey tests, the wettability was determined for cores from three wells at different portions of the Bakken Formation. The tests were performed under reservoir conditions (90-120°C, 150-300 g/L formation water salinity) using Bakken crude oil. Both cleaned cores (cleaned by toluene/methanol) and untreated cores (sealed, native state) were investigated. Bakken shale cores were generally oil-wet or intermediate-wet (before introduction to the surfactant formulation). The four surfactant formulations that we tested consistently altered the wetting state of Bakken cores toward water-wet. These surfactants consistently imbibed to displace significantly more oil than brine alone. Four of the surfactant imbibition tests provided EOR values of 6.80% to 10.15% OOIP, incremental over brine imbibition. Ten surfactant imbibition tests provided EOR values of 15.65% to 25.40% OOIP. Thus, imbibition of surfactant formulations appears to have a substantial potential to improve oil recovery from the Bakken Formation. For comparison, recovery factors using the existing production methods are only on the order of a few percent OOIP. Positive results were generally observed with all four surfactants: 17A, 58N, S2, and C1. From our work to date, no definitive correlation is evident in surfactant effectiveness versus (1) temperature, (2) core porosity, (3) whether the core was from the Upper Shale or the Middle Member and (4) whether the core was preserved (sealed) or cleaned prior to use.
Low Temperature Process Utilizing Nano-Engineered Catalyst for Olefin Production from Coal Derived Flue Gas (2019)

Southern Research [SR] demonstrated a new process using rationally designed nano-engineered catalysts to produce high yield of light olefins by using CO2 from coal-fired flue gas. Multiple catalysts and process conditions, designed systematically were tested to find the optimum conditions for which maximum yield could be achieved. Southern research team has specifically targeted CO2-rich and marginally purified coal-fired flue gas streams as feedstock for this process. Systematic reaction analysis in presence of different key flue gas components (e.g., O2, SOx, NOx) were used for testing catalyst stability and performance level. A techno-economic and life cycle assessment based on the results revealed various aspects of commercialization of this process.
Incidence of Amantadine‐Resistant Influenza A Viruses in Sentinel Surveillance Sites and Nursing Homes in Niigata, Japan (2000)

We surveyed the incidence of amantadine-resistant influenza A viruses both at sentinel surveillance sites and at nursing homes, and verified their types of change by partial nucleotide sequence analysis of the M2 protein. Fifty-five influenza A viruses from 27 sentinel surveillance sites during six influenza seasons from 1993 to 1999, and 26 influenza A viruses from 5 nursing homes from 1996 to 1999 were examined for susceptibility to the drug by virus titration in the presence or absence of amantadine. While amantadine-resistant viruses were not found in sentinel surveillance sites, a high frequency of resistance (8/26, 30.8%) in nursing homes was observed. Resistant viruses can occur quickly and be transmitted when used in an outbreak situation at nursing homes, where amantadine is used either for neurologic indications or for influenza treatment. Eight resistant viruses had a single amino acid change of the M2 protein at residue 30 or 31. In vitro, all 11 sensitive viruses turned resistant after 3 or 5 passages in the presence of 2 microg/ml amantadine, and they showed an amino acid change at residue 27, 30, or 31. The predominant amino acid substitution in the M2 protein of resistant viruses is Ser-31-Asp (a change at 31, serine to asparagine). The results indicate that a monitoring system for amantadine-resistant influenza viruses should be established without delay in Japan.
Increasing STEM Engagement in Minority Middle School Boys through Making (2016)

Dr. Ladeji-Osias' involvement in engineering curricular innovations includes outcomes-
Fanconi Anemia Proteins and the S Phase Checkpoint (2004)

DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) repair represents a formidable task for mammalian cells. Indeed, such DNA lesions, bridging both opposite DNA helices, function as a road-block for every DNA transaction, in particular DNA replication. The eight Fanconi anemia (FA) proteins interact in a common pathway that is thought to be central in ICLs sensing/repair. Interestingly, FA cells, either mutated in one of the proteins composing the FA core complex or in the downstream FA protein FANCD2, exhibited a partial intra-S checkpoint defect in response to crosslinked DNA. Most importantly, the FA proteins work in the ATR-NBS1 branch of the ICL-induced checkpoint pathway as demonstrated by knocking-down CHK1 or MRE11 expression in a FA background. Even though our data disclose a clear functional role for the FA proteins in the intra-S checkpoint response it does not give a definite answer on what FA proteins do in this process and how they participate in the suppression/restart of DNA synthesis. It seems conceivable that FA proteins participate in the process involved in the recovery of stalled replication forks, a common event in proliferating cells, possibly ensuring correct replication fork repair by homologous recombination.
TADS: Learning Time-Aware Scheduling Policy with Dyna-Style Planning for Spaced Repetition (2020)

Spaced repetition technique aims at improving long-term memory retention for human students by exploiting repeated, spaced reviews of learning contents. The study of spaced repetition focuses on designing an optimal policy to schedule the learning contents. To the best of our knowledge, none of the existing methods based on reinforcement learning take into account the varying time intervals between two adjacent learning events of the student, which, however, are essential to determine real-world schedule. In this paper, we aim to learn a scheduling policy that fully exploits the varying time interval information with high sample efficiency. We propose the Time-Aware scheduler with Dyna-Style planning (TADS) approach: a sample-efficient reinforcement learning framework for realistic spaced repetition. TADS learns a Time-LSTM policy to select an optimal content according to the student's whole learning history and the time interval since the last learning event. Besides, Dyna-style planning is integrated into TADS to further improve the sample efficiency. We evaluate our approach on three environments built from synthetic data and real-world data based on well-recognized cognitive models. Empirical results demonstrate that TADS achieves superior performance against state-of-the-art algorithms.
Molecular associations of major histocompatibility complex antigens: probing the complexity of cell surface receptors (1990)

Conference Article| April 01 1990 Molecular associations of major histocompatibility complex antigens: probing the complexity of cell surface receptors MICHAEL EDIDIN MICHAEL EDIDIN 1Biology Department, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1990) 18 (2): 152–154. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0180152 Article history Received: October 10 1989 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation MICHAEL EDIDIN; Molecular associations of major histocompatibility complex antigens: probing the complexity of cell surface receptors. Biochem Soc Trans 1 April 1990; 18 (2): 152–154. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0180152 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: MHC, major histocompatibility complex, IL-2, interleukin 2, f.p.r., fluorescence photobleaching and recovery, mAb, monoclonal antibody This content is only available as a PDF. © 1990 Biochemical Society1990 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Polyurethane-based nanoparticles as stabilizers for oil-in-water or water-in-oil Pickering emulsions (2013)

Well-defined polyurethane (PU)-based grafted copolymers with poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDEM) side chains were prepared by a combination of radical polymerization and condensation reaction. They can self-assemble in water to form nanoparticles with PU as the core and hydrophilic PDEM chains as the shell. Tuning the pH value of the solutions allowed these nanoparticles to stabilize either oil-in-water (O/W) or water-in-oil (W/O) Pickering emulsions. Stable O/W emulsions were obtained with PU-based nanoparticles in the pH 3–5 or pH 11–12 range due to their better affinity to the aqueous phase. In contrast, changing the pH value to the range of 8–9 significantly changed the stabilizing behavior of the nanoparticles, leading to the formation of stable W/O emulsions. Additionally, the effect of oil polarity on the emulsification behavior of the PU-based nanoparticles was investigated. For highly non-polar oil like n-hexane, only O/W emulsions were generated and the resulting emulsions showed no response to pH change.
Comparison of Weight-Loss Diets (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
How many O2(Δ1) molecules are consumed per dissociated I2 in chemical oxygen-iodine lasers? (2006)

Direct measurements of the dissociation of I2 molecules at the optical axis of a supersonic chemical oxygen-iodine laser (COIL) as a function of I2 flow rate were carried out. This enabled us to determine the number of consumed O2(Δ1) molecules per dissociated I2 molecule. The number depends on the experimental conditions: it is 4.2±0.4 for typical conditions and I2 densities applied for the operation of the COIL, but increases at lower I2 densities. Possible dissociation mechanisms consistent with our results are discussed and the importance of dissociating I2 prior to its mixing with O2(Δ1) is stressed.
Surfactants Increase Toxicity of Glyphosate and 2,4-D to Brazil Pusley (2001)

Various combinations of glyphosate and 2,4-D (± surfactant) were evaluated for control of Brazil pusley [ Richardia brasiliensis (Moq.) Gomez]. Typical 2,4-D symptoms on plants were manifested within 2 to 3 days after treatment. Application of glyphosate alone had only marginal effects (14%) on Brazil pusley, but the addition of Induce® (nonionic surfactant) significantly increased control to 83% and reduced the fresh weight by 68%. Application of Landmaster®II or a tank-mix of glyphosate + 2,4-D (± surfactants) resulted in 96% to 100% control. Treatment with 2,4-D alone, or with Induce®, or L-77® (organosilicone surfactant) resulted in 84%, 90%, or 100% control, respectively. Very low fresh weights of Brazil pusley were recorded when 2,4-D +Induce® or L-77®, Landmaster®II (± surfactants), or the tank-mix (± surfactants) were applied. In the regrowth studies, shoot weight was greater following application of glyphosate with or without L-77® or Kinetic® (a blend of nonionic and organosilicone) than following other treatments. The fresh weight of the shoots in the regrowth study, recorded following the application of 2,4-D or Landmaster®II (± surfactants), was very low except when Kinetic® was added to Landmaster®II. No regrowth of shoots occurred following the tank-mix treatment. Similar observations were recorded for roots. Plants treated with 2,4-D did not regrow. The presence of 2,4-D in either formulation accelerated synergistic effect of the glyphosate to the target site. Therefore, 2,4-D could be used either as a component of a formulation or in a tank-mix with glyphosate to control Brazil pusley. Chemical names used: N -(phosphonomethyl glycine) (glyphosate); 2,4-dicholorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D).
Microglia across the lifespan: from origin to function in brain development, plasticity and cognition (2016)

Microglia are the only immune cells that permanently reside in the central nervous system (CNS) alongside neurons and other types of glial cells. The past decade has witnessed a revolution in our understanding of their roles during normal physiological conditions. Cutting-edge techniques revealed that these resident immune cells are critical for proper brain development, actively maintain health in the mature brain, and rapidly adapt their function to physiological or pathophysiological needs. In this review, we highlight recent studies on microglial origin (from the embryonic yolk sac) and the factors regulating their differentiation and homeostasis upon brain invasion. Elegant experiments tracking microglia in the CNS allowed studies of their unique roles compared with other types of resident macrophages. Here we review the emerging roles of microglia in brain development, plasticity and cognition, and discuss the implications of the depletion or dysfunction of microglia for our understanding of disease pathogenesis. Immune activation, inflammation and various other conditions resulting in undesirable microglial activity at different stages of life could severely impair learning, memory and other essential cognitive functions. The diversity of microglial phenotypes across the lifespan, between compartments of the CNS, and sexes, as well as their crosstalk with the body and external environment, is also emphasised. Understanding what defines particular microglial phenotypes is of major importance for future development of innovative therapies controlling their effector functions, with consequences for cognition across chronic stress, ageing, neuropsychiatric and neurological diseases.