gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
NEAR uv TO YELLOW TUNABLE LASER EMISSION FROM AN ORGANIC DYE (1970)

Tunable laser emission from 3850 to 5740 Å has been observed from three solvate forms of 4-Methylumbelliferone. The three distinct lasing forms basic, neutral, and acid, with tuning ranges of 1070, 720, and 1150 Å, respectively, were obtained by adjusting the solvent pH. A tuning range of 1760 Å (from 3910 to 5670 Å) has been obtained in a critically adjusted, slightly acidic solution. The various chemical structures responsible for the broad tuning have been identified. Evidence that the acid form lases from an exciplex (excited complex) state is presented.
Statistical Signal Characterization (1992)

From the Publisher:
This book defines, quantifies, and characterizes statistical signal characterization (SSC), a powerful technique for signal analysis, association, and discrimination that offers simpler alternatives to Fourier methods for certain applications.
Geometric Analysis of Uncertainty Sampling for Dense Neural Network Layer (2021)

For model adaptation of fully connected neural network layers, we provide an information geometric and sample behavioral active learning uncertainty sampling objective analysis. We identify conditions under which several uncertainty-based methods have the same performance and show that such conditions are more likely to appear in the early stages of learning. We define riskier samples for adaptation, and demonstrate that, as the set of labeled samples increases, margin-based sampling outperforms other uncertainty sampling methods by preferentially selecting these risky samples. We support our derivations and illustrations with experiments using Meta-Dataset, a benchmark for few-shot learning. We compare uncertainty-based active learning objectives using features produced by SimpleCNAPS (a state-of-the-art few-shot classifier) as input for a fully-connected adaptation layer. Our results indicate that margin-based uncertainty sampling achieves similar performance as other uncertainty based sampling methods with fewer labelled samples as discussed in the novel geometric analysis.
Electrical Characteristics and Testing Considerations for Gate Oxide Shorts in CMOS ICs. (1985)

This paper examines the electrical characteristics and testing considerations of gate oxide shorts. Gate oxide shorts will cause increased IDD and in the majority of cases will degrade logic voltage levels and propagation delay times, but may not affect functionality. Stuck-at and functional models are therefore inadequate for testing gate oxide shorts in CMOS ICs unless they are used in conjunction with IDD measurements.
Channel Estimation Based on Pilot-Free Method for Mobile OFDM Systems (2006)

Since introduces intercarrier interference (ICI) is the well-known main barrier of upgrading transmission performance for mobile OFDM systems, pilot-aided technique is regarded as the effective solution even some efficient bandwidth has to sacrifice. Some others proposed blind and semi-blind method for the channel estimation utilizes certain underlying statistical properties of the transmitted data make systems becomes complexity. In this paper, an effective channel estimation and equalization method with pilot-free is proposed, which not only can significantly mitigate the ICI and improve the BER performance but also can upgrade the system transmission efficiency, with practicability. According to the Monte Carlo simulations, the empirical results show that our pilot-free method can approach same performance as the known channel results
Interleukin-6 is the central tumor growth factor in vitro and in vivo in multiple myeloma. (1991)

When bone-marrow cells from patients with multiple myeloma (MM) were seeded in short-term cultures, a spontaneous proliferation of the myeloma cells occurred for most of the patients with active disease and proliferating myeloma cells in vivo. In all cases, this spontaneous proliferation was inhibited by anti-IL-6 monoclonal antibodies (mabs). Moreover, myeloma cell lines, completely dependent upon exogenous IL-6 for their growth, could be reproducibly established by initially stimulating the myeloma cells with both IL-6 and GM-CSF. These results demonstrate that IL-6 is a major paracrine myeloma-cell growth factor in vitro. High serum IL-6 levels were observed in MM patients with active disease, especially patients with terminal disease. High IL-6 mRNA levels were found in bone-marrow cells of MM patients, mainly in myeloid and monocytic cells, in vivo. The myeloma cells did not express IL-6 mRNA. Injection of anti-IL-6 mabs to MM patients with terminal disease and extramedullary proliferation, completely blocked the myeloma-cell proliferation in vivo and completely inhibited the serum IL-6 bioactivity and the serum CRP levels. One patient with plasma cell leukemia and hypercalcemia was treated for two months with anti-IL-6 mabs and maintain in remission for 2 months without major side effects. Interestingly, the serum calcium levels also decreased in these patients. All these results show that IL-6 is the main cytokine responsible not only for the myeloma-cell proliferation in vivo, but presumably also for the large bone resorption processes observed in human MM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A Phased Array RFIC With Built-In Self-Test Capabilities (2011)

An X-Band phased-array RF integrated circuit with built-in self-test (BIST) capabilities is presented. The BIST is accomplished using a miniature capacitive coupler at the input of each channel and an on-chip I/Q vector receiver. Systematic effects introduced with BIST system are covered in detail and are calibrated out of measurements. The BIST can be done at a rate of 1 MHz with 55 dB signal-to-noise-ratio and allows for the measurement of an on-chip array factor. Measurements done with BIST system agree well with S-parameter data over all test conditions. To our knowledge, this is the first implementation of an on-chip BIST with high accuracy.
A Review on Management Discussions of Small Intestinal Neuroendocrine Tumors ‘Midgut Carcinoids’ (2015)

European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society staging, together with the Ki67 grading system, has appeared as superior for classification of neuroendocrine tumors (NET). The management of small intestinal NET (SI-NET) has been overall controversial. Mesenteric metastases occur also with the smallest SI-NET, and the majority of patients risk to ultimately progress with liver metastases. 68Gallium (somatostatin receptor)/PET/CT has appeared as most sensitive for imaging, and fluorodeoxyglucose-PET is recommended to identify lesions with high proliferation. Our treatment policy for SI-NET is to initiate somatostatin analog treatment, and in order to prevent abdominal complications we recommend early intestinal resection for removal of primary tumors and clearance of lymph node metastases. Liver metastases are liberally treated by resection (or ablation), as this can efficiently palliate carcinoid syndrome-associated symptoms.
Restricted dendritic cell and monocyte progenitors in human cord blood and bone marrow (2015)

In mice, two restricted dendritic cell (DC) progenitors, macrophage/dendritic progenitors (MDPs) and common dendritic progenitors (CDPs), demonstrate increasing commitment to the DC lineage, as they sequentially lose granulocyte and monocyte potential, respectively. Identifying these progenitors has enabled us to understand the role of DCs and monocytes in immunity and tolerance in mice. In humans, however, restricted monocyte and DC progenitors remain unknown. Progress in studying human DC development has been hampered by lack of an in vitro culture system that recapitulates in vivo DC hematopoiesis. Here we report a culture system that supports development of CD34(+) hematopoietic stem cell progenitors into the three major human DC subsets, monocytes, granulocytes, and NK and B cells. Using this culture system, we defined the pathway for human DC development and revealed the sequential origin of human DCs from increasingly restricted progenitors: a human granulocyte-monocyte-DC progenitor (hGMDP) that develops into a human monocyte-dendritic progenitor (hMDP), which in turn develops into monocytes, and a human CDP (hCDP) that is restricted to produce the three major DC subsets. The phenotype of the DC progenitors partially overlaps with granulocyte-macrophage progenitors (GMPs). These progenitors reside in human cord blood and bone marrow but not in the blood or lymphoid tissues.
Toward detecting emotions in spoken dialogs (2005)

The importance of automatically recognizing emotions from human speech has grown with the increasing role of spoken language interfaces in human-computer interaction applications. This paper explores the detection of domain-specific emotions using language and discourse information in conjunction with acoustic correlates of emotion in speech signals. The specific focus is on a case study of detecting negative and non-negative emotions using spoken language data obtained from a call center application. Most previous studies in emotion recognition have used only the acoustic information contained in speech. In this paper, a combination of three sources of information-acoustic, lexical, and discourse-is used for emotion recognition. To capture emotion information at the language level, an information-theoretic notion of emotional salience is introduced. Optimization of the acoustic correlates of emotion with respect to classification error was accomplished by investigating different feature sets obtained from feature selection, followed by principal component analysis. Experimental results on our call center data show that the best results are obtained when acoustic and language information are combined. Results show that combining all the information, rather than using only acoustic information, improves emotion classification by 40.7% for males and 36.4% for females (linear discriminant classifier used for acoustic information).
Phasor Data Compression with Principal Components Analysis in Polar Coordinates for Subsynchronous Oscillations (2019)

In the previous studies, the phasor data are processed as the amplitudes and the phases separately since existing methods are in the field of real numbers. To take advantage of the correlations between amplitudes and phases of phasors, a phasor principal components analysis (PPCA) method in polar coordinates is proposed in this paper. In PPCA, the conventional principal components analysis (PCA) is improved and extended to the field of complex numbers to process the phasors in polar coordinates. The actual PMU data measured in a subsynchronous oscillation incident are used to verify the compression performance of PPCA which is also compared with PCA. The result demonstrates that PPCA can achieve better performance by making use of the correlations between amplitudes and phases of phasors.
The sustainability profile of a biomimetic 3D printed vascular network to restore the structural integrity of concrete (2023)

Among the various possibilities to tackle the issue of concrete damage within its structural service life, the biomimetic approach has favoured the development of innovative solutions such as the use of 3D printed vascular networks suitably incorporated into concrete structural elements to inject and convey the most suitable healing agent upon crack occurrence. These systems, able to cope with damage of different intensities, may lead to improvements of the structure’s durability, through the closure of cracks, and a consequent reduction of the frequency of major maintenance activities. The present work investigates the environmental sustainability of the aforesaid self-healing technology through a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) analysis. The attention has been also focused on the 3D printing process of the network due to the key role that it could play, in terms of environmental burdens, when upscaled to real-life size applications. The case study of a beam healed by means of polyurethane injected through the network and exposed to a chloride environment is reported to better predict the potential improvements in terms of overall durability and consequent sustainability within the pre-defined service life.
An ultra-low voltage digitally controlled low-dropout regulator with digital background calibration (2012)

In this paper, we describe a novel ultra-low voltage digitally controlled low-dropout (LDO) voltage regulator offering digitally controllable dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) for near/sub-threshold applications. We eliminate the reference voltage in conventional LDOs and adopt the reference clock that enables the proposed LDO to be controlled digitally. The analog components are replaced by digital counterparts which are able to operate at near/sub-threshold regime. Additionally, a digital background calibration scheme is proposed to minimize the regulated voltage errors due to process, voltage, and temperature (PVL) variations. The proposed LDO has been designed in a 90-nm regular Vt CMOS process and the active area is 0.038-mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The LDO can regulate the output voltage from 260-mV to 440-mV, while the input supply voltage is from 380-mV to 500-mV. It delivers 3-mA load current at a 500-mV input and the quiescent current is 30.8-μA. The current and power efficiencies reach 99.0% and 87.1%, respectively. Furthermore, the regulated output voltage of the proposed LDO is tunable digitally in run-time with various step sizes.
Shape Robust Text Detection with Progressive Scale Expansion Network (2018)

The challenges of shape robust text detection lie in two aspects: 1) most existing quadrangular bounding box based detectors are difficult to locate texts with arbitrary shapes, which are hard to be enclosed perfectly in a rectangle; 2) most pixel-wise segmentation-based detectors may not separate the text instances that are very close to each other. To address these problems, we propose a novel Progressive Scale Expansion Network (PSENet), designed as a segmentation-based detector with multiple predictions for each text instance. These predictions correspond to different `kernels' produced by shrinking the original text instance into various scales. Consequently, the final detection can be conducted through our progressive scale expansion algorithm which gradually expands the kernels with minimal scales to the text instances with maximal and complete shapes. Due to the fact that there are large geometrical margins among these minimal kernels, our method is effective to distinguish the adjacent text instances and is robust to arbitrary shapes. The state-of-the-art results on ICDAR 2015 and ICDAR 2017 MLT benchmarks further confirm the great effectiveness of PSENet. Notably, PSENet outperforms the previous best record by absolute 6.37\% on the curve text dataset SCUT-CTW1500. Code will be available in https://github.com/whai362/PSENet.
AVOIDING DEGRADATION OF ROAD SHOULDER ASPHALT DUE TO TURFGRASS ENCROACHMENT. FINAL REPORT (1995)

Bermudagrass is widely used to stabilize road shoulders. However, the invasive rhizomes of bermudagrass often penetrate the asphalt causing severe deterioration. To avoid expensive and time-consuming repairs, herbicides are used to retard the growth of bermudagrass, but frequent applications are expensive and are subject to ever increasing regulations. To identify suitable alternatives to bermudagrass, we planted four turfgrasses adjacent to an asphalt road. We evaluated competitive ability, overall turf performance and changes in asphalt integrity. Both St. Augustinegrass and bermudagrass caused substantial deterioration of the asphalt. Buffalograss caused little or no asphalt deterioration, and was a very strong competitor in the roadside environment. Use of buffalograss instead of bermudagrass would not only save valuable time and resources, but would also avoid controversial input of chemicals into the environment.
A chemiluminescence-based detection system for human DNA quantitation and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. (1995)

A protocol for the chemiluminescent detection of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) profiles with the sensitivity of radioisotope-based detection systems is presented. RFLP profiles for the loci D2S44, D17S79, D1S7, D4S139, and D5S110 were obtained from ten nanograms of HaeIII-digested K562 DNA and 50 nanograms of human genomic DNA isolated from bloodstains. DNA is transferred to an amphoteric membrane using a neutral, high salt transfer procedure. Oligonucleotide probes directly conjugated to alkaline phosphatase are hybridized to the membranes, then the membranes are incubated with a substrate that emits light upon chemical cleavage by the alkaline phosphatase. Several variables were investigated to determine the optimum conditions for RFLP profile generation, among them transfer conditions, film selection, and exposure conditions. A chemiluminscent human DNA quantitation protocol, consistent with the RFLP detection protocol, is also presented.
Joint Power Routing and Current Scheduling in Multi-Relay Magnetic MIMO WPT System (2020)

Magnetic resonant coupling wireless power transfer (MRC-WPT) enables convenient device-charging. When MIMO MRC-WPT system incorporated with multiple relay components, both relay On-Off state (i.e., power routing) and TX current (i.e., current scheduling) could be adjusted for improving charging efficiency and distance. Previous approaches need the collaboration and feedback from the energy receiver (RX), achieved using side-channels, e.g., Bluetooth, which is time/energy-consuming. In this work we propose, design, and implement a multi-relay MIMO MRC-WPT system, and design an almost optimum joint optimization of power routing and current scheduling method, without relying on any feedback from RX. We carefully decompose the joint optimization problem into two subproblems without affecting the overall optimality of the combined solution. For current scheduling subproblem, we propose an almost-optimum RX-feedback independent solution. For power routing subproblem, we first design a greedy algorithm with ½ approximation ratio, and then design a DQN based method to further improve its effectiveness. We prototype our system and evaluate it with extensive experiments. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms. The achieved power transfer efficiency (PTE) on average is 3.2X, 1.43X, 1.34X, and 7.3X over the other four strategies: without relay, with non-adjustable relays, greed based, and shortest-path based ones.
Effects of cocaine and desipramine on the neurally evoked overflow of endogenous noradrenaline from the rat heart (1983)

1 Stimulation of postganglionic cardiac sympathetic nerves produced a stimulation frequency-dependent overflow of endogenous noradrenaline from the otherwise isolated rat heart. 2 Such nerve stimulation also produced increases in heart rate. There was significant correlation between heart rate increases and corresponding noradrenaline concentrations in the coronary venous effluent. 3 Cocaine (3 X 10(-5)M) caused a significant reduction in both the noradrenaline overflow and the heart rate increase, produced by nerve stimulation for 1 min at 4 Hz. 4 Desipramine (10(-6)M) caused a significant increase in the noradrenaline overflow produced by stimulation for 1 min (4 Hz) with a mean increase of approximately 60%. There was no significant effect on the heart rate increase produced by such stimulation. 5 The opposite effects of cocaine (3 X 10(-5)M) and desipramine (10(-6)M) on noradrenaline overflow are attributed to differences in the local anaesthetic properties of these agents.
How the concept of biochemical response influenced the management of primary biliary cholangitis over time. (2016)

Changes in medical management occurred in a minority of non-responders. This can largely be explained by the lack of accepted response criteria and of established second-line treatments for PBC. Nevertheless, the observation that response-guided management did not increase over time suggests that awareness of the concept of biochemical response requires further attention,particularly since new treatment options for PBC will soon become available.
Reference based genome compression (2012)

DNA sequencing technology has advanced to a point where storage is becoming the central bottleneck in the acquisition and mining of more data. Large amounts of data are vital for genomics research, and generic compression tools, while viable, cannot offer the same savings as approaches tuned to inherent biological properties. We propose an algorithm to compress a target genome given a known reference genome. The proposed algorithm first generates a mapping from the reference to the target genome, and then compresses this mapping with an entropy coder. As an illustration of the performance: applying our algorithm to James Watson's genome with hg18 as a reference, we are able to reduce the 2991 megabyte (MB) genome down to 6.99 MB, while Gzip compresses it to 834.8 MB.
Prevention of MAPK pathway by Brazilian medicinal plant, Tabebuia avellanedae on peroxynitrite induced carcinogenesis. (2007)

B6 The present study was carried out to examine the chemopreventive activity of natural Brazilian medicinal plant, Tabebuia avellanedae ext. and its components on peroxynitrite induced carcinogenesis. Tabebuia avellanedae,(TA) which is a plant that has been used for herbal medicine in South America and from Brazil to northern Argentina, is well known in traditionalfolk medicne used for the treatment of various disease during five hundred years. The inner bark of this plant produced in Brazil is distributed in Asia as a herb tea and healthy purpose. On the fundamental findings, several studies have suggested that these compounds, anti-oxidatives were observed the inhibitory effect against chemical carcinogenesis induced tumor initiating and promoting activity using two-stage mouse skin model. In the course of these studies, female SENCAR mouse (6 weeks of age) were treated topically with single dose of PN solution, followed by TPA twice a weekly for 20 weeks. Tumor incidence were 100% with 6 to 7 per mouse at end of experiment as positive control group. TA powder were orally fed with drinking water for only 2 weeks, before and after initiation and following promoting treatment with drinking water only, as test compounds. In our observation, TA and its components treated group cause about 60-70 % reduction in the average number of tumors per mouse after 20 weeks of experiment, respectively. Topical administration of TA and its components had much influence against PN induced expression stage. We postulate that these data suggeste possible role of a regulatory mechanism of chemopreventive activity in PN induced carcinogenesis. Employing Western blot analysis studies, we found that H-Ras, MEK-2 and p38 levels observed the effects against PN induced activation,  >and more detail Western blot analysis indicated a active decrease in p38 expression in the skin after TA treatment. Summary of our findings, we suggest that one target of TA and its component effects in mouse skin is the modulation or regulation of the MAPK signaling. >  >