gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cyan Emission in Two-Dimensional Colloidal Cs2CdCl4:Sb3+ Ruddlesden–Popper Phase Nanoplatelets (2022)

Metal halide perovskites\nare one of the most investigated materials\nin optoelectronics, with their lead-based counterparts being renowned\nfor their enhanced optoelectronic performance. The 3D CsPbX&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; structure has set the standard with many studies currently attempting\nto substitute lead with other metals while retaining the properties\nof this material. This effort has led to the fabrication of metal\nhalides with lower dimensionality, wherein particular 2D layered perovskite\nstructures have captured attention as inspiration for the next generation\nof colloidal semiconductors. Here we report the synthesis of the Ruddlesden–Popper\nCs&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;CdCl&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;:Sb&lt;sup&gt;3+&lt;/sup&gt; phase as colloidal\nnanoplatelets (NPs) using a facile hot injection approach under atmospheric\nconditions. Through strict adjustment of the synthesis parameters\nwith emphasis on the ligand ratio, we obtained NPs with a relatively\nuniform size and good morphological control. The particles were characterized\nthrough transmission electron microscopy, synchrotron X-ray diffraction,\nand pair distribution function analysis. The spectroscopic characterization\nrevealed most strikingly an intense cyan emission under UV excitation\nwith a measured PLQY of ∼20%. The emission was attributed to\nthe Sb&lt;sup&gt;3+&lt;/sup&gt;-doping within the structure.
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Hepatic Insulin Resistance, and Type 2 Diabetes (2013)

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), hepatic insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes are all strongly associated and are all reaching epidemic proportions. Whether there is a causal link between NAFLD and hepatic insulin resistance is controversial. This review will discuss recent studies in both humans and animal models of NAFLD that have implicated increases in hepatic diacylglycerol (DAG) content leading to activation of novel protein kinase Cϵ (PKCϵ) resulting in decreased insulin signaling in the pathogenesis of NAFLD-associated hepatic insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. The DAG-PKCϵ hypothesis can explain the occurrence of hepatic insulin resistance observed in most cases of NAFLD associated with obesity, lipodystrophy, and type 2 diabetes.
DNA Barcoding of the Solanaceae Family in Puerto Rico Including Endangered and Endemic Species (2019)

The Solanaceae family is one of the largest and well-distributed plant families in the world. It contains species of agricultural and economical importance, such as Solanum tuberosum , Solanum melongena , Solanum lycopersicum , Nicotiana tabacum , and Capsicum annuum . In Puerto Rico, there are ≈46 species of Solanaceae of which six are endemic: Brunfelsia densifolia, Brunfelsia lactea, Brunfelsia portoricensis, Goetzea elegans, Solanum ensifolium , and Solanum woodburyi. Our objective was to use DNA barcoding to identify the Solanaceae species in Puerto Rico, including the endemics, and to assess the species relationships between them. To accomplish our objective, two chloroplast regions ( psbA-trnH and matK ) and a nuclear region [internal transcribed spacer ( ITS )] were assessed. Pairwise distance and phylogenetic analysis demonstrate that DNA barcoding can be used to discriminate at the species level among these taxa in Puerto Rico. For all three markers, the genus that showed the highest pairwise distance between represented species was Solanum , whereas the genus that displayed the least was Capsicum . Phylogenetic trees of single and concatenated regions were generated from sequences obtained in this study and from data downloaded from the National Center for Biotechnology Information database. Our results show that this technique can be used to identify species with one, two, or three combinations of DNA barcode markers depending on the taxon. In addition, this is the first study to include the endemic species S. woodburyi in a molecular phylogenetic analysis, and it was found to have a close relationship with S. ensifolium , also endemic to Puerto Rico, and to Solanum bahamense from the Bahamas and Greater Antilles. Therefore, we suggest that S. woodburyi might be part of the Bahamense clade.
Multinucleation-induced improvement of the spreading of transformed cells on the substratum. (1984)

Multinucleation of various cultured cells was produced by polyethylene glycol-induced fusion or by cytochalasin-induced block of mitosis. It was found that multinucleation induced by both methods considerably improved deficient spreading of all the tested transformed fibroblastic lines; average substratum area occupied by one cell and divided per number of nuclei was 2.0-2.5 times larger for multinucleated cells than for mononucleated ones. Improved spreading was accompanied by increased area of lamellar cytoplasm, increased number of focal contacts, and, in certain lines, by the appearance of actin bundles; numerous microtubules and intermediate filaments radiated from perinuclear zones into the lamellas of multinucleated cells. The number of cell-associated fibronectin fibrils was not increased by multinucleation. Cycloheximide did not prevent the improvement of spreading, suggesting that this effect was not due to any alterations of protein synthesis. Colcemid considerably decreased the effect of multinucleation but did not abolish it completely. It is suggested that increase of spreading is due to multinucleation-associated alterations of quantitative interrelationships between various cell components. One of these alterations is probably increased density of microtubules per unit length of outer cell edge.
Finding the needle in the haystack: systematic identification of psychobiotics (2017)

The brain-gut-microbiota axis is increasingly viewed as a novel paradigm in neuroscience with the capacity to generate innovative therapies for patients with psychiatric illnesses. Psychobiotics, defined as live bacteria, which when ingested in adequate amounts, confer mental health benefits, are increasingly of interest, as preclinical trials continue to show promising results. Particularly in stress-related, anxiety and depressive disorders, there is potential for psychobiotics to deliver new therapies. The question of which microbes may prove to be the most promising psychobiotic in delivering such therapies at a clinical level is of great importance. Here we look at the characteristics of psychobiotics, in an attempt to present an outline from which the identification of potential new psychobiotics may be possible. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on When Pharmacology Meets the Microbiome: New Targets for Therapeutics? To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.24/issuetoc.
Virtual coupling design for stability and transparency of multi-device haptic systems with delays (2013)

This paper deals with haptic systems involving multiple human operators and devices with computational and communication delays. A method is proposed for the design of stabilizing controllers which also guarantee transparency, i.e., controllers are designed to mitigate the impact of delays and of the controllers themselves on the realism of the tactile interaction. The proposed approach exploits an extension of a previously developed passivity-based framework for stabilization combined with a special loop shaping-like technique. The design procedure involves the solution of a sequence of Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI) optimization problems.
Mechanically detected field‐induced Mn spin rotation in GaMnAs (2008)

Abstract To study the magnetization properties of a micron‐sized GnMnAs film, we characterize the mechanical properties of a micro‐cantilever integrating a GaMnAs Hall bar. The magnetic field dependence of its mechanical resonance frequency below the Curie temperature is remarkably different from that above the Curie temperature. The frequency shift, which reflects the field‐induced Mn spin rotation, is mainly caused by the magnetoelastic coupling. This result demonstrates that a micromechanical cantilever is a powerful tool for investigating the magnetic properties of micrometer‐sized ferromagnetic materials. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A Shared Buffer Constrained Topology Reconfiguration Scheme in Wavelength Routed Networks (2005)

The reconfiguration management scheme changes a logical topology in response to changing traffic patterns in the higher layer of a network or the congestion level on the logical topology. In this paper, we formulate a reconfiguration scheme with a shared buffer-constrained cost model based on required quality-of-service (QoS) constraints, reconfiguration penalty cost, and buffer gain cost through traffic aggregation. The proposed scheme maximizes the derived expected reward-cost function as well as guarantees the required flow's QoS. Simulation results show that our reconfiguration scheme significantly outperforms the conventional one, while the required physical resources are limited.
Maxwell–Stefan Modeling of Ethanol and Water Unary Pervaporation through a High-Silica MFI Zeolite Membrane (2013)

The pervaporative mass transfer of pure ethanol and water through a thin (0.5 μm) supported high-silica MFI membrane was studied experimentally at 30–70 °C, and modeled on the basis of the Maxwell–Stefan formalism. The temperature dependency of adsorption was described with the temperature dependency of pure component saturated vapor pressure. Two scenarios of coverage dependency, i.e., coverage-dependent and coverage-independent Maxwell–Stefan diffusivity, were applied in the modeling of the mass transfer through the zeolite film. In addition, the mass-transfer resistance of the support layers was taken into account. The derived unary models provided good representations of ethanol and water pervaporation flux. The study illustrates that pure component steady-state pervaporation flux measurements at different conditions offer a feasible basis for determining diffusion coefficients. Basically, pure component adsorption isotherms and derived diffusivities can be used in the modeling of pervaporative mass transfer of mixtures using zeolite membranes.
Surgical Treatment of Early Wound Complications Following Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty (2009)

Patients requiring early surgical treatment for wound-healing problems after primary total knee arthroplasty are at significantly increased risk for further complications, including deep infection and/or major subsequent surgery, specifically, resection arthroplasty, amputation, or muscle flap coverage. These results emphasize the importance of obtaining primary wound-healing after total knee arthroplasty.
Extreme-ultraviolet source based on the electron-cyclotron-resonance discharge (2008)

An extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) source based on a low-pressure discharge sustained in a magnetic trap by the high-power millimeter-wave radiation under electron-cyclotron-resonance (ECR) conditions is discussed. Multiply charged ions are efficiently generated and excited in such a discharge (tin ions injected into the trap from a vacuum-arc discharge were used) and emit line radiation in the desired wavelength range. A radiation power of 50 W in a wavelength range of 13.5 nm ± 1% and an efficiency of about 1% for the conversion of the micro-wave radiation absorbed in the plasma to the extreme ultraviolet radiation were achieved in the preliminary experiments.
In vivo imaging of lung metastatic melanoma in a murine model: Signal amplification using bispecific antibody and Tc-99m labeled polymers (2008)

1410 Objectives: In vivo imaging of small metastatic melanoma lung lesions with two-step, Bispecific antibody (BiSpAb) and Tc-99m labeled DTPA-succinyl-Polylysine 15Kd (Tc-PL)was tested in a murine model. Methods: C57 B1/6 mice (n=9) were injected iv with 300,000 B16F10 melanoma cells. 14 days later, 10 μg of BiSpAb (nucleosome specific pan cancer antibody 2C5, covalently linked to anti-DTPA antibody 6C31H3 by thioether linkage) were injected iv. The next day 11 MBq Tc-PL were injected iv and in vivo imaging initiated at 15 min, 2 and/or 24 hours. In vivo and ex vivo target(T) to background(B) activity ratios were obtained by computer planimetry. Results: In 5 mice, with sub-optimal Tc-PL labeling, blood activity cleared in 2 hours. Tumor uptake was seen in 1 mouse with BiSpAb/Tc-PL. No lung lesions were seen at necropsy in the other 2. No in vivo or ex vivo lesions were seen in 2 control mice. In 2 BiSpAb/Tc-PL (1 died from over-anesthesia) or 2 Tc-PL injected mice, in vivo and ex vivo tumor activities were seen in the former and not in the latter. Mean in vivo T/B ratio for BiSpAb/PL (14.1+/-2.4 [+/-SD]) was significantly greater than that of PL alone (3.7+/-1.9, P Conclusions: Signal amplification by Tc-PL and BiSpAb targeting enabled visualization of very small metastatic melanoma lung lesions by in vivo gamma imaging.
Photosensitivity and epilepsy: a follow-up study (2004)

To understand the evolution of photosensitivity and to evaluate if its disappearance is related to the response to anticonvulsant therapy, we performed a long-term study of 42 patients (17 males, 25 females; age at onset 6 years 9 months, SD 5 years 2 months, range 5 years to 12 years 1 month) who had electroencephalography (EEG) evidence of photosensitive epilepsy. Of the patients, 36 were treated with valproate (VPA) monotherapy and four received VPA in combination with other antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), which were carbamazepine and lamotrigine. Two patients were given no drugs, but treated with stimuli avoidance. All patients were investigated with EEG by using intermittent photic stimulation. The photoparoxysmal response indicated the presence of photosensitivity. At the end of follow-up, the photoparoxysmal response had disappeared in 25 patients. Thirty-three patients became seizure-free. Our study confirms that photosensitive epilepsy has a good prognosis for seizure control that is independent of the persistence or disappearance of photosensitivity.
A “weapon focus” effect in children (2007)

Abstract Experiments suggest that the presence of a weapon impairs memory for the appearance of the perpetrator ("weapon focus"), although whether this reflects threat or novelty value remains unresolved. To date, no studies have explored whether a parallel effect occurs with children. In a paradigm based on "Kim's game", children aged 7, 8 and 9 years memorized an array of common objects. For one group, the array contained a syringe filled with red liquid (threat item) while for others this was replaced by a fountain pen (control) or mobile phone (novelty item). Children were tested immediately for recall of the array and unexpectedly, 3 hours later, for the appearance of the experimenter. Consistent with a threat interpretation, children of all ages who saw the array containing the syringe showed significantly decreased recall relative to those who saw the pen or phone (p<0.001) and exhibited poorer memory for the appearance of the experimenter (p<0.001). In addition, children who prioritized the syringe in their recall provided less accurate appearance information, an effect not found for the phone or pen. It is concluded that weapon focus occurs in children and that the current findings are consistent with a threat interpretation. Keywords: Weapon focuschild witnessesmemory developmentappearance informationfree recall
Tyrphostin AG 1024 modulates radiosensitivity in human breast cancer cells (2001)

Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) plays an important growth-promoting effect by activating the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway, inhibiting apoptotic pathways and mediating mitogenic actions. Tyrphostin AG 1024, one selective inhibitor of IGF-1R, was used to evaluate effects on proliferation, radiosensitivity, and radiation-induced cell apoptosis in a human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Exposure to Tyrphostin AG 1024 inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in a time-dependent manner, and the degree of growth inhibition for IC20 plus irradiation (4 Gy) was up to 50% compared to the control. Examination of Tyrphostin AG 1024 effects on radiation response demonstrated a marked enhancement in radiosensitivity and amplification of radiation-induced apoptosis. Western blot analysis indicated that Tyrphostin AG 1024-induced apoptosis was associated with a downregulation of expression of phospho-Akt1, increased expression of Bax, p53 and p21, and a decreased expression of bcl-2 expression, especially when combined with irradiation. To our knowledge, this is the first report showing that an IGF-1 inhibitor was able to markedly increase the response of tumour cells to ionizing radiation. These results suggest that Tyrphostin AG 1024 could be used as a potential therapeutic agent in combination with irradiation.
Three level masking for improved aspect ratio InP-based photonic crystals (2008)

A three-level masking technique is used to improve the aspect ratio of InP-based photonic crystals. The masking consists of a ZEP/Cr/SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> stack where the ZEP layer is used to open the Cr which on its turn is a good mask for opening the 500 nm thick SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> layer. Subsequently InP is etched in an ICP process using Cl <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> :O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> . Very high aspect ratios could be achieved in holes ranging from 130 up to 270 nm in diameter. A maximum aspect ratio of >20 is obtained with the narrowest holes having diameters of 180 and 130 nm.
A Hole‐Transporting Material with Controllable Morphology Containing Binaphthyl and Triphenylamine Chromophores (2006)

Abstract An organic compound with two triphenylamine moieties linked with binaphthyl at the 3,3′‐positions (2,2′‐dimethoxyl‐3,3′‐ di(phenyl‐4‐yl‐diphenyl‐amine)‐[1,1′]‐binaphthyl, TPA–BN–TPA) can be synthesized by Suzuki coupling. Amorphous and homogeneous films are obtained by either vacuum deposition or spin‐coating from solution in good solvents, while single crystals are grown in an appropriate polar solvent. X‐ray crystallography showed that a TPA–BN–TPA crystal is a multichannel structure containing solvent molecules in the channels. The intramolecular charge‐transfer state resulting from amino conjugation effects is observed by solvatochromic experiments. The high glass‐transition temperature (130 °C) and decomposition temperature (439 °C) of this material, in combination with its reversible oxidation property, make it a promising candidate as a hole‐transport material for light‐emitting diodes. With TPA–BN–TPA as the hole‐transporting layer in an indium tin oxide/TPA–BN–TPA/aluminum tris(8‐hydroxyquinoline)/Mg:Ag device, a brightness of about 10 100 cd m –2 at 15.6 V with a maximum efficiency of 3.85 cd A –1 is achieved, which is superior to a device with N , N′ ‐di(1‐naphthyl)‐ N , N′ ‐diphenyl‐[1,1′‐biphenyl]‐4,4′‐diamine as the hole‐transporting layer under the same conditions. Other devices with TPA–BN–TPA as the blue‐light‐emitting layer or host for a blue dye emitter are also studied.
Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Three-Phase Relative Permeability (2009)

Abstract The three-phase relative permeability relations define the hydrodynamics of fluid flow in porous medium. These relations are necessary for simulation of various phenomena occurring in the reservoir during various production and enhanced oil recovery (EOR) processes; such as chemical flooding, steam flooding, enhanced gas drives, etc. Despite the availability of a modest number of relative permeability measurements reported in literature since 1941, there is no universally accepted conclusion reached on the shape of the isoperms. Given this scarcity of consistent experimental data, it is difficult to recommend any of the developed predictive models, e.g. empirical, mechanistic, or pore-level, for the estimation of isoperms of each phase under reservoir conditions. This paper presents a review of a wide rage of experimental results reported on three-phase relative permeability and highlights their salient features and distinctive findings. It also provides indepth evaluation of technical achievements in this field. The present study is a useful reference for engineers and scientists interested in modeling of multi-phase flow in porous media, and provides guidelines on the selection of predictive models for generation of three-phase relative permeability isoperms.
Production of γ-Aminobutyric Acid By Cheese Starters During Cheese Ripening (1998)

Nine mixed-strain starters were examined for their abilities to produce gamma-aminobutyric acid. Six commercial starters were found to produce gamma-aminobutyric acid in a skim milk culture. The bacterium that produced gamma-aminobutyric acid was isolated from the mixed-strain starters, identified as citrate-utilizing Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis (formerly L. lactis ssp. lactis biovar diacetylactis) and designated as strain 01-7. A cell extract showed glutamate decarboxylase activity, for which the optimum pH was 4.7. In pH-controlled cultivation, gamma-aminobutyric acid was generated at pH 5.0 but not above pH 5.5. Cheeses were prepared experimentally using strain 01-7 to determine the relationship between the pH values and the production of gamma-aminobutyric acid during cheese ripening. gamma-Aminobutyric acid increased linearly in the experimental cheeses as the pH of the cheese decreased. Based on these results, gamma-aminobutyric acid was concluded to be produced by the cheese starters during ripening.
Modelling of deactivation of Pd‐Au catalyst in vinyl acetate synthesis from oxidation of ethylene and acetic acid in the gaseous phase (2015)

Abstract Vinyl acetate monomer (VAM) is produced from oxidation of ethylene and acetic acid on a Pd‐Au/SiO 2 catalyst in the gaseous phase. A progressive loss in activity occurs during the lifetime of a commercial Pd‐Au/SiO 2 VAM synthesis catalyst; thus, the efficiency of the reaction decreases and the process is no longer operational and economically feasible. In this study, the effective parameters on Pd‐Au/SiO 2 catalyst deactivation were investigated using a fixed‐bed reactor pilot, and a model was proposed to predict the reduction in catalyst activity. The proposed model's output was compared with experimental data and an acceptable agreement was observed. The error was &lt; 10 %.
Creating share interests (2013)

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Discontinuous feedback control of a planar rigid body with an unactuated degree of freedom (2002)

We study the problem of controlling a specific mechanical system consisting of a rigid base body with an unactuated internal degree of freedom. The key assumptions are that the translational and rotational motion of the base body can be completely controlled by external forces and moments, while the internal degree of freedom is unactuated. It was shown in our previous work (1998) that although the system is not asymptotically stabilizable to a given configuration using a time-invariant continuous feedback, it is strongly accessible and small-time locally controllable at any equilibrium. We construct a time-invariant discontinuous feedback law to control the system to the desired configuration with exponential convergence rates. A simulation example is included to demonstrate the results.