gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quelle régulation pour l’arrêt d’un protocole de recherche clinique de thérapie génique somatique ? (2018)

Depuis 2002, le débat sur les risques associés à la thérapie génique est initié suite à l’annonce que deux enfants inclus dans un essai thérapeutique impliquant une thérapie génique ont développé des effets indésirables important. En Janvier 2005, le débat sur les risques reprit suite à l’interruption du protocole sur les enfants bulle du Pr Fischer à l’hôpital Necker de Paris. Nous avons donc étudié le processus impliqué ainsi que la réflexion éthique associée aux décisions d’arrêt de protocole de recherche. Notre travail a été mené par une équipe pluridisciplinaire combinant chercheurs en santé, généticiens et éthiciens. Nous avons étudié la participation des chercheurs, des patients, des institutions officielles, des comités d’éthique ainsi que des associations de patients dans le processus de décision d’interruption d’un protocole de recherche. Nous avons également analysé les critères jugés les plus pertinents dans l’arrêt d’un protocole de recherche. Enfin nous avons analysé le point de vue des personnes directement impliquées dans la thérapie génique au moyen d’un questionnaire. Toutes les personnes contactées ont présenté un poster de recherche au congrès de la Société Européenne de Thérapie Génique. 62 personnes d’autant d’équipes de recherche différentes, de 17 pays, sur les 350 contactés ont répondu. Selon eux, la décision d’arrêt d’un protocole de recherche doit être prise suite à une consultation des chercheurs, des patients, du ministère de tutelle, d’une agence nationale de régulation ou d’un comité d’éthique ; la légitimité étant accordée à des décisions prises en commun par les chercheurs, les patients et les comités d’éthique. Les incidents sérieux et de façon plus surprenante, les incidents moins graves sont jugés comme étant des critères suffisants pour interrompre un essai. Nous avons fini par analyser les conséquences éthiques, telles que balance bénéfice/risque, processus de régulation ou responsabilité, de ces critères sur l’arrêt d’un protocole de recherche.
Sleeping Beauty‐mediated correction of Fanconi anemia type C (2011)

The SB transposon system achieved stable expression of therapeutic FA-C genes, complementing the genetic defect in patient-derived cells by nonviral gene transfer.
Attrition Resistance and Catalytic Performance of Spray-Dried Iron Fischer−Tropsch Catalysts in a Stirred-Tank Slurry Reactor (2004)

Attrition properties of two spray-dried iron Fischer−Tropsch (F−T) catalysts with compositions 100:5:4.2:11 Fe/Cu/K/(P)SiO2 (catalyst P; P = precipitated) and 100:5:4.2:1.1 Fe/Cu/K/(B)SiO2 (catalyst B; B = binder) were studied under reactive conditions in a stirred-tank slurry reactor (STSR) by determining particle size distribution and morphology before and after reaction tests. Catalyst P experienced a large reduction in Sauter mean diameter (87%) after 380 h of testing in the STSR, which is attributed to its morphology (large number of irregularly shaped particles). Low attrition strength of this catalyst was also evident from considerable generation of fine particles (<10 μm) during the STSR test (62.5% increase in fraction of fines). Catalyst B, consisting of largely spherical particles, experienced a smaller reduction in Sauter mean diameter (39.9%) and generation of fine particles was much smaller (3.7%). These two catalysts had excellent selectivity characteristics (low methane and high C5+ yields), but their productivity and stability (deactivation rate) need to be improved.
Robust Object Detection under Occlusion with Context-Aware CompositionalNets (2020)

Detecting partially occluded objects is a difficult task. Our experimental results show that deep learning approaches, such as Faster R-CNN, are not robust at object detection under occlusion. Compositional convolutional neural networks (CompositionalNets) have been shown to be robust at classifying occluded objects by explicitly representing the object as a composition of parts. In this work, we propose to overcome two limitations of CompositionalNets which will enable them to detect partially occluded objects: 1) CompositionalNets, as well as other DCNN architectures, do not explicitly separate the representation of the context from the object itself. Under strong object occlusion, the influence of the context is amplified which can have severe negative effects for detection at test time. In order to overcome this, we propose to segment the context during training via bounding box annotations. We then use the segmentation to learn a context-aware CompositionalNet that disentangles the representation of the context and the object. 2) We extend the part-based voting scheme in CompositionalNets to vote for the corners of the object's bounding box, which enables the model to reliably estimate bounding boxes for partially occluded objects. Our extensive experiments show that our proposed model can detect objects robustly, increasing the detection performance of strongly occluded vehicles from PASCAL3D+ and MS-COCO by 41% and 35% respectively in absolute performance relative to Faster R-CNN.
Easy Fix Concrete Block (2007)

Mohd Mustafa Al-Bakri Abdullah and his team won silver at Malaysia Technology Expo (MTE) 2007, 29th - 31st Mac 2007 at Putra World Trade Centre (PWTC), Kuala Lumpur. MTE 2007 organized by MARS and PROTEMP Exhibition.
A protocol for scalable loop-free multicast routing (1997)

In network multimedia applications such as multiparty teleconferencing, users often need to send the same information to several (but not necessarily all) other users. To manage such one-to-many or many-to-many communication efficiently in wide-area internetworks, it is imperative to support and perform multicast routing. Multicast routing sends a single copy of a message from a source to multiple receivers over a communication link that is shared by the paths to the receivers. Loop-freedom is an especially important consideration in multicasting because applications using multicasting tend to be multimedia and bandwidth intensive, and loops in multicast routing duplicate looping packets. We present and verify a new multicast routing protocol, called multicast Internet protocol (MIP), which offers a simple and flexible approach to constructing both group-shared and shortest-paths multicast trees. MIP can be sender-initiated or receiver-initiated or both; therefore, it can be tailored to the particular nature of an application's group dynamics and size. MIP is independent of the underlying unicast routing algorithms used. MIP is robust and adapts under dynamic network conditions (topology or link cost changes) to maintain loop-free multicast routing. Under stable network conditions, MIP has no maintenance or control message overhead. We prove that MIP is loop-free at every instant, and that it is deadlock-free and obtains multicast routing trees within a finite time after the occurrence of an arbitrary sequence of topology or unicast changes.
Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel member of the MAP kinase superfamily (1999)

These results indicate that MOK is distantly related to members of known subfamilies of the MAP kinase superfamily and can therefore be classified as a novel member.
Some recent improvements to importance splitting (2006)

The estimation of rare event probability is a crucial issue in areas such as reliability, telecommunications, aircraft management. In complex systems, analytical study is out of question and one has to use Monte Carlo methods. When rare is really rare, which means a probability less than 10 −9, naive Monte Carlo becomes unreasonable. A widespread technique consists in multilevel splitting, but this method requires enough knowledge about the system to decide where to put the levels at hand and select the branching rates. In this paper, we propose to improve the importance splitting algorithm by using adaptive branching rates.This variant of the algorithm may be describe by the formalism of Feynman-Kac Formula, providing a very elegant way of studying its properties. We also propose a second variant using adaptive splitting levels, for which only partial convergence results have been obtained. We will give some numerical examples, including the computation large self avoiding random walks on the 2D lattice. Keywords: rare events, multilevel splitting, Feynman-Kac formula, genetic models, quantiles ∗ This work was partially supported by Inria ARC (Action de recherche coopérative) RARE. † Corresponding author. 1 1
Application of Additive Manufacturing to Rapidly Produce High-Resolution Total Pressure Distortion Screens (2012)

Detailed, accurate knowledge of interactions between embedded engines and inlet/ airframe-generated nonuniform flow profiles is essential for the successful design of robust integrated engine systems. In the absence of direct-connect experimentation, flow distortion patterns must be simulated by generating the nonuniformities with flow conditioning devices. Traditionally, wire screens installed on a supporting grid have been used to induce regions of steady total pressure distortions, utilizing sections of constant-porosity wire meshes assembled to form a complete screen. The design of wire screens that accurately reproduce steady total pressure distortions representing inlet-engine interactions is challenging because modern fluids and structures modeling approaches cannot be efficiently applied, resulting in numerous construction and testing iterations. Additive manufacturing methods (“rapid prototyping”) can be used to quickly and accurately produce distortion screens for testing of integrated inlet-engine systems. Rapid prototyping methods enable the production of unique screen geometries that are otherwise very difficult, impractical, or even impossible. A screen design method compatible with additive manufacturing methods that utilizes a hexagonal-element flow control grid composed of airfoil cross-sections is presented. Advantages of this new design and screen production method include improved aerodynamic and flow control features, a more durable structure, and greater design flexibility resulting in a more accurate reproduction of the desired distortion profile. Results of the design and fabrication of a prototype screen are presented.
Contralateral trigeminal nerve lesion reduces polyneuronal muscle innervation after facial nerve repair in rats (1999)

Functional recovery after facial nerve surgery is poor. Axotomized motoneurons (hyperexcitable upon intracellular current injections, but unable to discharge upon afferent stimulation) outgrow supernumerary branches which are misrouted towards improper muscles. We hypothesized that alterations in the trigeminal input to axotomized electrophysiologically silent facial motoneurons might improve specificity of reinnervation. To test this we compared, in the rat, behavioural, electrophysiological, and morphological parameters after transection and suture of the buccal facial nerve (buccal-buccal anastomosis, BBA) with those after BBA plus excision of the ipsi- or contralateral infraorbital nerve (ION). After BBA, the mystacial vibrissae dropped and remained motionless until 18-21 days post operation (days PO). After BBA plus ipsilateral ION excision, there was no recovery of vibrissae whisking at all. Following BBA plus contralateral ION excision, full restoration of whisking occurred at 7-10 days PO. Electromyography of whiskerpad muscles showed normal waveform and amplitude was also most rapidly restored after BBA plus contralateral ION excision. Neuron counts after retrograde tracing showed that the intact buccal nerve contained axons of the superior (91%) and inferior (9%) buccolabial nerves. After BBA, the superior nerve comprised 56%, the inferior 21%, and 23% of the motoneurons projected within both nerves. After BBA plus ipsilateral ION excision, misdirection worsened and values changed to 48, 39 and 13%, respectively. After BBA plus contralateral ION excision, portions improved to 69, 23 and 8%. We conclude that, by reducing the redundant axon branching, lesion of contralateral ION provides the best conditions for recovery of vibrissae rhythmical whisking after reconstructive surgery on the facial nerve.
The natural history of pollination (1996)

The importance of insects in pollinating flowers is so well known today that it is easy to forget it was discovered less than 200 years ago; before that, it was believed that bees were simply collecting nectar from flowers. This is the most thorough and accessible treatment of a fascinating subject.
Synthesis of ZnO:As Films Using Off-Axis Sputtering Deposition (2001)

As a novel oxide semiconductor material, ZnO is interesting for use in many applications. For fabricating electronic devices, it is important to have n- and p- type ZnO materials. Arsenic has been proven to be one of the p-type dopants for ZnO materials. However, information in studying the ZnAsO ternary compound films has been scarce. In order to investigate the morphology, structure and electrical properties of ZnAsO ternary compounds, ZnO:As films have been synthesized using off-axis sputtering deposition on various substrates including (100) Si and (0001) sapphire crystals. Films are grown under various growth conditions. ZnO:As targets with the atomic weight ratios of arsenic to zinc from 0.01 to 0.10 are used for film synthesis. The growth temperatures and pressures range from 350 to 550C and 5 to 150 mTorr, respectively. Argon to oxygen gas ratio for film growth is varied to examine the film quality as well. Film surface morphology, crystal structure, and compositions, are characterized using atomic force microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and energy dispersive spectroscopy, respectively. The compositions of target material and ZnO:As films grown under various conditions are then assessed. The electrical properties were also measured. The detail of these measurements will be discussed in the presentation.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel 7,7′‐Bis‐6a,7‐dehydronoraporphines. (1988)

Abstract Nornuciferine (Ia), nornantenine (Ib), ananaine (Ic), and xylopine (Id) are N‐chlorinated and then treated with sodium ethoxide to give the products (II) ‐ (V).
Chemical shift encoding‐based water–fat separation methods (2014)

The suppression of signal from fat constitutes a basic requirement in many applications of magnetic resonance imaging. To date, this is predominantly achieved during data acquisition, using fat saturation, inversion recovery, or water excitation methods. Postponing the separation of signal from water and fat until image reconstruction holds the promise of resolving some of the problems associated with these methods, such as failure in the presence of field inhomogeneities or contrast agents. In this article, methods are reviewed that rely on the difference in chemical shift between the hydrogen atoms in water and fat to perform such a retrospective separation. The basic principle underlying these so-called Dixon methods is introduced, and some fundamental implementations of the required chemical shift encoding in the acquisition and the subsequent water-fat separation in the reconstruction are described. Practical issues, such as the selection of key parameters and the appearance of typical artifacts, are illustrated, and a broad range of applications is demonstrated, including abdominal, cardiovascular, and musculoskeletal imaging. Finally, advantages and disadvantages of these Dixon methods are summarized, and emerging opportunities arising from the availability of information on the amount and distribution of fat are discussed.
Gunshot detection and localization using sensor networks (2013)

Acoustic sensors or sensor networks can be efficiently used to spot and observe targets of interest and have the ability to conclude the exact location of an object or event within the sensor network's coverage range. For the detection and spot estimation of shooter, the schemes of gunshot localization require one or more sensing technologies. In current situation the importance of counter sniper systems cannot be denied. An efficient counter sniper system that can provide immediate shooter location will provide many benefits to our security personnel. In this paper, the Time Difference Of Arrival (TDOA) of Shock Wave and Muzzle Blast is used to estimate the shooter location. The proposed design and algorithm was validated and shooter origin was resolute that was very close to theoretical values. The result shows that the scheme worked very fine and is capable of locating sniper fires very efficiently, competently and effectively. The designed algorithm worked very well and results were found to be very accurately.
A Short Total Synthesis of (+)-Omaezakianol via an Epoxide-Initiated Cationic Cascade Reaction (2010)

(+)-Omaezakianol was synthesized in only three steps from racemic chlorohydrin 4 by Shi epoxidation followed by cascade cyclization and reduction.
Interview: Ben Shneiderman and Allison Druin (2000)

article Free Access Share on Interview: Ben Shneiderman and Allison Druin Author: Elizabeth Dykstra-Erickson Apple AppleView Profile , Interviewees: Ben Shneiderman View Profile , Allison Druin View Profile Authors Info & Claims InteractionsVolume 7Issue 2March-April 2000 pp 59–65https://doi.org/10.1145/330678.330808Published:01 March 2000Publication History 4citation1,031DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations4Total Downloads1,031Last 12 Months90Last 6 weeks13 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my Alerts New Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteView all FormatsPDF
Editorial on “Management of Cardiac Arrhythmia—Broadening the Horizons of Surgical Interventions” (2022)

Advancements in modern healthcare result in a longer lifespan and increased prevalence of cardiovascular ailments in an aging society. The surging incidence of atrial fibrillation, the most common cardiac arrhythmia, creates strong demand for efficient diagnostic and effective treatment. Arrhythmia is often associated with other comorbidities and has a profound impact on heart function, physical and mental efficiency, and quality of life. However, more to the point is its impact on liability to thrombus formation and stroke hazardousness. While new treatment options for rhythm control as well as stroke prevention are emerging, the complexity of atrial fibrillation culprits imposes a multidisciplinary and holistic approach to its management. It also becomes expected to engage not only health professionals but also patients to be cognizant and active participants in a treatment course.
Control of a heavy-duty robotic excavator using time delay control with switching action with integral sliding surface (2002)

The control of a robotic excavator is difficult from the standpoint of the following problems: parameter variations in mechanical structures, various nonlinearities in hydraulic actuators and disturbance due to the contact with the ground. The more the size of robotic excavators increase, the more the length and mass of excavator's links; the more the parameters of a robotic excavator vary. A time-delay control with switching action (TDCSA) using an integral sliding surface is proposed for the control of a heavy-duty robotic excavator. The proposed controller is applied to straight-line motions of a robotic excavator with a speed level at which skilful operators work. Experiments, which were designed for surfaces with various inclinations and over broad ranges of joint motions, show that the proposed controller exhibits good performance.
Bragg grating-based interferometric fiber optic sensors (2003)

The paper describes a new fiber-optic sensing technique using Bragg grating-based interferometers. This technique joins advantages of the fiber Bragg grating and interferometric sensor. Sensing interferometers have been formed by pairs of identical closely spaced low reflective Bragg gratings imprinted in the core of single mode fiber. A digital signal processing of interference fringes in the sensor reflection spectrum has been developed. It extends multiplexing capabilities of the fiber Bragg grating-based sensor and provides absolute and high-resolution measurements in a wide dynamic range. Experimental results on testing the sensor performance for strain and temperature measurements are presented.
Improved Electrocatalytic Performance in Overall Water Splitting with Rational Design of Hierarchical Co3O4@NiFe Layered Double Hydroxide Core–Shell Nanostructure (2018)

Abstract The front cover artwork is provided by the groups of Li‐Min Liu (Beijing Computational Science Research Center, China) and Dongsheng Geng (University of Science and Technology Beijing, China). The cover picture shows that the as‐prepared Co 3 O 4 @NiFe layered double hydroxide electrode with a core–shell structure exhibits excellent electrocatalyst performance in overall water splitting. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/celc.201800194 .
Sampling and the detection of melanoma cells in blood (2002)

Denis, M. G.; Masson, D.; Tessier, M.-H.; Dréno, B.; Lustenberger, P. Author Information
Investigating Stationary Storage Applications and their Impact on Battery Aging (2019)

Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESSs) continue to gain more and more importance in our energy landscape. Their benefits include high versatility, scalability and fast reaction time. The scope of this work comprises the investigation of different applications evaluated on a BESS prototype. This prototype consists of second-life lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries from electric vehicles (EV). The three applications of Peak Shaving (PS), German Primary Control Reserve (PCR) and Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS), are selected based on different stress scenarios of the BESS, including operation mode as well as operation time. The first step in this work is to identify the operational behaviour of these three applications. Secondly, the aging behaviour is estimated with a semi-empiric aging model. It is shown that PCR ages the batteries the most due to a high number of operating hours which is attributable to a higher average temperature range as well as higher stress applied to the system over its lifetime. PS and UPS, however, mainly degrade the batteries due to calendric factors as the BESS spends less time in operation.
Robust Periodic Economic Predictive Control based on Interval Arithmetic for Water Distribution Networks (2017)

This paper addresses a robust periodic economic model predictive control (EMPC) based on interval arithmetic with unknown-but-bounded additive disturbances for the management of water distribution networks (WDNs). The system constraints in presence of system disturbances are tightened along the prediction horizon by means of the proposed interval arithmetic and considering that system variables in the WDN model are also subject to some algebraic equations. These algebraic equations should be satisfied when the disturbances have effects on those system variables. The EMPC controller is designed with adding the terminal state constraint. The periodically optimal steady states are obtained by employing a periodic EMPC planner with the nominal model. This periodic steady states are subsequently used to be terminal states. The on-line robust constraint satisfactions are implemented into the robust periodic EMPC controller. Finally, the proposed control strategy is verified using a case study.