gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electromagnetic characteristics of a thick monopole antenna with dielectric loading (2003)

The effect of dielectric loading on the electromagnetic radiation characteristics of thick monopole antennas is investigated. A surface integral equation formulation for a dielectric-loaded thick monopole antenna modeled as a body of revolution is presented. The surface integral equations were solved via the method of moments for the unknown surface current distributions. The numerical data were verified by comparison of the results for input impedance with data available in the literature and with measured data for different configurations. The effects of loading on the input impedance, bandwidth, and beamwidth are considered for antennas mounted on both infinite and finite ground planes. Loads of various shapes and dielectric constants are investigated. Numerical results are presented for various conical and wire monopoles loaded with dielectrics which may partially or completely cover the conducting surface of the antenna.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Telemedicine and terminology: different needs of context information (1999)

Traditionally, communication between healthcare providers, including the provision of physicians with information and knowledge, works quite well because there are implicitly common conventions and assumptions in the collaboration of all involved actors. The basic prerequisite of the communication process between humans is a mutual agreement on syntax and semantics of oral and written language, i.e., of the medical sublanguage. With telemedicine, i.e., the use of telecommunication and informatics in medicine, this prerequisite is no longer sufficient. First, various professionals from different clinical communities, characterized by specialty, nationality, school, etc., share the management of the patient's health. Second, electronically communicated information is more and more intended for processing by computer applications rather than for direct interpretation by human users. Third, the interconnection of distributed heterogeneous software systems in medicine raises the issue of semantic interoperability, especially the problem of data integration. A faithful communication in such a scenario must be based on explicit assumptions "behind" a message. Interpreting an usually highly context-dependent utterance demands for mechanisms on a pragmatic level in natural language processing. The need for additional processing and integration of the transferred data by the receiving system demands for standardization and mediation, taking into consideration contextual knowledge that cannot entirely be explained and processed with linguistic and terminological approaches. This paper describes different categories of contexts and also different needs of applications concerning "context awareness."
Endoscopic treatment for complex biliary and pancreatic duct injuries (2014)

Abstract Severe injuries of biliary or pancreatic ducts are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Severe bile duct injuries such as major biliary leaks, complete transection, or complete occlusion of bile ducts can be grouped under the term complex bile duct injuries (CBDI). In the spectrum of pancreatic duct injuries, disconnected pancreatic duct syndrome (DPDS) represents the most severe form and most often occurs after a severe episode of acute pancreatitis. Treatment of these complex injuries is quite challenging and for many years surgical management has been considered the treatment of choice. However, in the past few years, some studies have reported the successful management of CBDI or DPDS using endoscopic procedures alone or in combination with a percutaneous approach. In this review, we detail the endoscopic or combined endoscopic/percutaneous treatment possibilities for CBDI and DPDS.
Investigation of a smart noise barrier for dual active and passive control of construction noise (2020)

49th International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering (INTERNOISE 2020): Advances in Noise and Vibration Control Technology: Seoul, Korea, 23-26 August 2020
Functional comparison of logic designs for VLSI circuits (2003)

A method is described for circuit equivalence which proceeds by reducing the question of whether two circuits are equivalent to a number of a more easily answered questions concerning the equivalence of smaller, related circuits. The primary technical contribution is a technique for discovering internal equivalences and using them to show the equivalence of the outputs. The method involves the use of signatures to reduce the number of potentially equivalent signals, and the use of the min-cut algorithm to reduce the original problem to related problems with fewer independent inputs. The method can be used to extend the power of any given equivalence checking algorithm. The authors report the result of experiments evaluating their technique.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Policy Distillation and Value Matching in Multiagent Reinforcement Learning (2019)

Multiagent reinforcement learning (MARL) algorithms have been demonstrated on complex tasks that require the coordination of a team of multiple agents to complete. Existing works have focused on sharing information between agents via centralized critics to stabilize learning or through communication to improve performance, but do not generally consider how information can be shared between agents to address the curse of dimensionality in MARL. We posit that a multiagent problem can be decomposed into a multi-task problem where each agent explores a subset of the state space instead of exploring the entire state space. This paper introduces a multiagent actor-critic algorithm for combining knowledge from homogeneous agents through distillation and value-matching that outperforms policy distillation alone and allows further learning in discrete and continuous action spaces.
On the Secrecy Capacity of MIMO Wiretap Channels: Convex Reformulation and Efficient Numerical Methods (2021)

This paper presents novel numerical approaches to finding the secrecy capacity of the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wiretap channel subject to multiple linear transmit covariance constraints, including sum power constraint, per antenna power constraints and interference power constraint. An analytical solution to this problem is not known and existing numerical solutions suffer from slow convergence rate and/or high per-iteration complexity. Deriving computationally efficient solutions to the secrecy capacity problem is challenging since the secrecy rate is expressed as a difference of convex functions (DC) of the transmit covariance matrix, for which its convexity is only known for some special cases. In this paper we propose two low-complexity methods to compute the secrecy capacity along with a convex reformulation for degraded channels. In the first method we capitalize on the accelerated DC algorithm which requires solving a sequence of convex subproblems, for which we propose an efficient iterative algorithm where each iteration admits a closed-form solution. In the second method, we rely on the concave-convex equivalent reformulation of the secrecy capacity problem which allows us to derive the so-called partial best response algorithm to obtain an optimal solution. Notably, each iteration of the second method can also be done in closed form. The simulation results demonstrate a faster convergence rate of our methods compared to other known solutions. We carry out extensive numerical experiments to evaluate the impact of various parameters on the achieved secrecy capacity.
Online spatial concept and lexical acquisition with simultaneous localization and mapping (2017)

In this paper, we propose an online learning algorithm based on a Rao-Blackwellized particle filter for spatial concept acquisition and mapping. We have proposed a nonparametric Bayesian spatial concept acquisition model (SpCoA). We propose a novel method (SpCoSLAM) integrating SpCoA and FastSLAM in the theoretical framework of the Bayesian generative model. The proposed method can simultaneously learn place categories and lexicons while incrementally generating an environmental map. Furthermore, the proposed method has scene image features and a language model added to SpCoA. In the experiments, we tested online learning of spatial concepts and environmental maps in a novel environment of which the robot did not have a map. Then, we evaluated the results of online learning of spatial concepts and lexical acquisition. The experimental results demonstrated that the robot was able to more accurately learn the relationships between words and the place in the environmental map incrementally by using the proposed method.
Vacancy production by 3 MeV electron irradiation in 6H-SiC studied by positron lifetime spectroscopy (1997)

The vacancy production in 6H-SiC by 3 MeV electron irradiation at room temperature was studied using positron lifetime spectroscopy combined with annealing experiments. It was found that the trapping rates of positrons in vacancies increased linearly with the fluence in the initial stage of irradiation. After the linear increase, the trapping rates were found to be proportional to the square root of the fluence. The linear and nonlinear fluence dependences of the trapping rates are explained by the reduction of vacancies due to recombination with interstitials during irradiation. The positron trapping rate for the admixture of silicon vacancies and divacancies showed a tendency to saturate in the higher fluence range. The trapping rate for carbon vacancies decreased after reaching a maximum. These results are explained in terms of the shift of the Fermi level due to the irradiation process. It was found that, for the lightly irradiated specimen, an annealing stage caused by recombination between close vacancies and interstitials was observed. However, such an annealing stage was not observed when using a heavily irradiated specimen. These different results are explained as the reduction of interstitials due to the recombination with vacancies and long-range migration of interstitials to sinks during irradiation.
A two-phase model for chemo-damage induced anisotropy in concrete (2009)

Chemical reactions, supported by temperature variations, may produce growing damage in existing concrete structures. With specific reference to the expanding gel produced by the alkali-aggregate-reaction, occurring in many ageing concrete structures such as concrete dams and reinforced concrete bridges, an anisotropic bi-phase coupled chemo-thermo-mechanical anisotropic damage model is proposed, capable to account for the macroscopic strength and stiffness deterioration in the concrete skeleton due to the expanding gel. The model is validated against experimental tests taken from the literature.
Channel linearity mismatch effects in time-interleaved ADC systems (2002)

A time-interleaved ADC system is an effective way to implement a high-sampling-rate ADC with relatively slow circuits. In the system, several channel ADCs operate at interleaved sampling times as if they were effectively a single ADC operating at a much higher sampling rate. However, mismatches among channel ADCs degrade S/N of the ADC system as a whole, and the effects of offset, gain and bandwidth mismatches as well as timing skew of the clocks distributed to the channels have been well investigated. This paper investigates the channel linearity mismatch effects in the time-interleaved ADC system, which are practically very important but have not been investigated yet. We consider two cases: differential nonlinearity mismatch and integral nonlinearity mismatch cases. Our numerical simulation shows their distinct features especially in frequency domain. The derived results can be useful for calibration algorithms to compensate for the channel mismatch effects.
A new sensor for detecting partial discharges in operating turbine generators (1991)

A partial discharge (PD) sensor has been developed which is able to unequivocally differentiate between PD in the winding and all types of electrical interference. Thus, the sensor will permit an online test for turbine generators, similar to the test now used for hyrogenerators. The sensor requires no high-voltage connection to the winding, and is easily installed in the stator slot, underneath the wedges. Noise is differentiated from PD by the shapes of the electrical pulses from the sensor. The sensor, called the Stator Slot Coupler (SSC), is essentially a directional electromagnetic coupler. Calculations as well as laboratory tests indicate that the couplers can easily survive the electrical, thermal, magnetic, and mechanical stresses in the generator.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
BRUCELLOSIS COMPLICATED BY AORTIC VALVE ENDOCARDITIS (1988)

A 30 year old veterinary surgeon developed a febrile illness with serological evidence of Brucellosis. He was known to have aortic valve disease and during the course of the illness, the clinical features of endocarditis became evident, with a vegetation visible echocardiographically on the aortic valve. Because of persisting fever despite appropriate antibiotic therapy, aortic valve replacement with a viable cryopreserved allograft aortic valve was undertaken. Organisms consistent with Brucella species were demonstrated in the excised vegetation. The patient received a six week course of antibiotics and his post-operative course was uneventful.
Dissociation of Intact Escherichia coli Ribosomes in a Mass Spectrometer (2003)

We used mass spectrometry to identify proteins that are released in the gas phase from Escherichia coli ribosomes in response to a range of different solution conditions and cofactor binding. From solution at neutral pH the spectra are dominated by just 4 of the 54 ribosomal proteins (L7/L12, L11, and L10). Lowering the pH of the solution leads to the gas phase dissociation of four additional proteins as well as the 5 S RNA. Replacement of Mg(2+) by Li(+) ions in solutions of ribosomes induced the dissociation of 17 ribosomal proteins. Correlation of these results with available structural information for ribosomes revealed that a relatively high interaction surface area of the protein with RNA was the major force in preventing dissociation. By using the proteins that dissociate to probe their interactions with RNA, we examined different complexes of the ribosome formed with the elongation factor G and inhibited by fusidic acid or thiostrepton. Mass spectra recorded for the fusidic acid-inhibited complex reveal subtle changes in peak intensity of the proteins that dissociate. By contrast gas phase dissociation from the thiostrepton-inhibited complex is markedly different and demonstrates the presence of L5 and L18, two proteins that interact exclusively with the 5 S RNA. These results allow us to propose that the ribosome elongation factor-G complex inhibited by thiostrepton, but not fusidic acid, involves destabilization of 5 S RNA-protein interactions.
Concise synthesis of azacycloundecenes using ring-closing metathesis (RCM) (2000)

Azacycloundecenes, which are key intermediates in the synthesis of derivatives of the marine alkaloid manzamine C, are conveniently prepared using ring-closing olefin metathesis (RCM).
Visualising the structure of object-oriented systems (2002)

Executing object-oriented programs have a complex structure consisting of numerous objects connected by interobject references. This structure, called the program's object graph, is hard to understand, and this complicates learning, teaching, debugging and maintaining object-oriented programs. While visualisation can be used to display object graphs, the size and complexity of typical object graphs also makes visualisation difficult. We have developed ownership trees as a simple yet powerful method of extracting a program's implicit encapsulation structure from its object graph. We present a program visualisation tool that makes use of ownership trees to display the structure of object-oriented programs. Our prototype implementation suggests that visualisations based on ownership trees can effectively display the structure of fifty to sixty objects in a program simultaneously.
Gas analysis reveals novel aerobic deammonification in thermophilic aerobic digestion (2003)

A laboratory-scale thermophilic aerobic digester was operated with piggery wastewater. The operating temperature varied from 50-70 degrees C. It has been found that excessive nitrogen removal occurred in the laboratory-scale thermophilic system at various HRTs. Nitrite and nitrate were not observed in the effluent. Gas measurement reveals the presence of significant amount of N2O along with NH3 gas. The rational production of N2O gas in accordance with temperature and HRT suggests that biologically mediated deammonification processes significantly contribute to the N removal. Although further microbiological investigation is required to clarify the exact nitrogen removal mechanism, the large production of N2O gas seems to be a result of the existence of a rapid growing heterotrophic deammonification process in the thermophilic system.
Maintaining mutual consistency for cached Web objects (2002)

Existing Web proxy caches employ cache consistency mechanisms to ensure that locally cached data is consistent with that at the server. We argue that techniques for maintaining consistency of individual objects are not sufficient; a proxy should employ additional mechanisms to ensure that related Web objects are mutually consistent with one another. We formally define the notion of mutual consistency and the semantics provided by a mutual consistency mechanism to end users. We then present techniques for maintaining mutual consistency in the temporal and value domains. A novel aspect of our techniques is that they can adapt to the variations in the rate of change of the source data, resulting in judicious use of proxy and network resources. We evaluate our approaches using real-world Web traces and show that: (i) careful tuning can result in substantial savings in the network overhead incurred without any substantial loss in fidelity, of the consistency guarantees, and (ii) the incremental cost of providing mutual consistency guarantees over mechanisms to provide individual consistency guarantees is small.
Poly(vinyl ethers) as building blocks for new materials (1998)

Abstract The living cationic polymerization of vinyl ethers has been used to prepare a number of new polymers with special properties. Sequential polymerization of the hydrophilic methyl vinyl ether (MVE) and the hydrophobic octadecyl vinyl ether (ODVE) has lead to amphiphilic block‐copolymers with emulsifying properties for water/decane mixtures. Poly(vinyl‐ether) macromonomers were obtained by end‐capping of living polymers with hydroxyethyl acrylate. Copolymerization of polyODVE‐macromonomer with usual acrylates lead to highly branched hydrophobic polymers. When the end‐capping was performed with bifunctionally living polymers, the corresponding “bis‐macromonomers” were obtained. Copolymerization of such bis‐macromonomers with styrene or butyl acrylate, leads to the formation of segmented polymer networks. In the case of polyODVE‐poly(butyl acrylate), these networks showed a pronounced phase separation. Due to the crystallinity of the polyODVE domains, these materials showed shape memory properties.
Analysis of P1 Latency in Normal Hearing and Profound Sensorineural Hearing Loss (2010)

This report provides the standard value of the P1 latency at each age in Koreans for the first time and the findings support that the maturation of the central auditory pathways could be measured objectively using the P1 latency.
Assessing the change of anisometropia in unilateral myopic children receiving monocular orthokeratology treatment (2019)

This study demonstrated that the myopic eyes in unilateral myopic children had less AL growth than the companion emmetropic eyes when treated with monocular Ortho-K lenses. Wearing Ortho-K lens for a long time would present a more significant AL difference reduction in high anisometropic children.
Supplementary Figure 7 from Increased Survival of Glioblastoma Patients Who Respond to Antiangiogenic Therapy with Elevated Blood Perfusion (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 382K, Figure S7: Relationship Between Increased Microvessel Flow and Metabolic Status of Tumors. Averaged changes in MRS ratios for patients with an increase in microvessel flow (n=5; 2 patients did not have MRS data). Relative to pretreatment values, metabolic ratios for NAA/norCre were significantly higher at days +28, +56 and at day +28 for Cho/norCre (*Wilcoxon signed-rank; P&lt;0.05). After day +56, the observed anti-tumor response was reversed. Numerical data show log-scaled averaged values (�SEM) and values at day -1 were set as 100% in all lesions.&lt;/p&gt;
Chemical Looping Combustion Using NiO/NiAl2O4:  Mechanisms and Kinetics of Reduction−Oxidation (Red-Ox) Reactions from In Situ Powder X-ray Diffraction and Thermogravimetry Experiments (2006)

In situ powder X-ray diffraction has been used to study NiO supported on NiAl2O4 during several reduction−oxidation cycles, mimicking chemical looping combustion. Hydrogen and methane were used as fuel (reducing agents). Direct reduction and reoxidation of NiO/Ni is observed, and NiAl2O4 remained inert during the reduction and reoxidation processes. Thermogravimetric analyses of the material under the same reducing conditions, using a 90−210 μm particle fraction suitable for fluidized-bed applications, showed that, first, a rapid reduction occurs where oxygen transport to the particle surface not is rate-limiting. The rapid reduction is followed by a much slower reduction, where oxygen transport through the particle is expected to be rate-limiting. The fast reduction reaction is determined to be first order, with respect to H2, whereas an order slightly smaller than unity is observed when using CH4 as a reducing agent. Reoxidation is observed to be first order, with respect to O2. At low reactive gas concentrations, the reaction rates decreases in the following order: CH4 > H2 > O2.
Developments in the theory of equivalent-step-index fibers (1984)

The equivalent-step-index fiber method rests on the concept that properties of the fundamental mode are not very sensitive to refractive-index profile details. We show how this idea may be incorporated into the original mathematical scheme of Snyder and Sammut [ J. Opt. Soc. Am.69, 1663 ( 1979)] in order to simplify greatly the calculations and to provide wavelength-independent equivalent step-index parameters. The new approach uses the effective waveguide parameter and the moments of the profile-shape function.
Synergism between sulphonamide drugs and antibiotics of the polymyxin group against Proteus sp. in vitro (1963)

Interesting synergism in vitro between a recently introduced antibiotic, colistin methane sulphonate, and sulphonamide drugs is described. The observations were extended to polymyxin B sulphate and sulphonamides with essentially similar results. The combinations are bactericidal at therapeutic levels, the ratio of drugs to one another is not critical, and the effect is present over a fairly wide pH range.