gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
LDPC Convolutional Codes Based on Parity Check Polynomials with a Time Period of 3 (2009)

We newly design time-varying low-density parity-check convolutional codes (LDPC-CCs) based on parity check polynomials of the convolutional codes with a time period of 3, and show that BER (Bit Error Rate) performance in the time-varying LDPC-CCs with a time period of 3 is better than that in the conventional time-varying LDPC-CCs with a time period of 2 in the same coding rate with the nearly equal constraint length.
Chemical Vapor Deposition of Silica Micro- and Nanoribbons Using Step-Edge Localized Water (2003)

Amorphous silica (SiO2) ribbons were prepared by hydrolyzing SiCl4 at highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surfaces on which water had condensed. Exposure to humid air (>30% relative humidity (RH)) at room temperature caused water to condense selectively at hydrophilic step edges on an otherwise hydrophobic graphite surface. Upon exposure of this surface to SiCl4 vapor, a reaction with condensed water at step edges caused the formation of SiO2 according to the reaction SiCl4 + 2H2O → SiO2 + 4HCl. The shape and size of the SiO2 nanostructures varied with the RH: Below 20% RH, nanoparticles of SiO2, aligned at step edges, were observed. For RH of 35−50%, continuous nano- and microribbons of SiO2 were obtained. For higher RH, micron-scale silca particles and ribbons were both observed. At a RH of 35%, silica ribbons as small as 80 nm (width) x 20−40 nm (height) up to 500 μm in length could be prepared. Repetitive dosing of the HOPG surface in the humid environment with SiCl4 produced nano- and microribbons with a height and width that increased in proportion to square root of the SiCl4 dose.
The impact of glucose exposure on bioenergetics and function in a cultured endothelial cell model and the implications for cardiovascular health in diabetes (2020)

Cardiovascular disease is the primary driver of morbidity and mortality associated with diabetes. Hyperglycaemia is implicated in driving endothelial dysfunction that might underpin the link between diabetes and cardiovascular disease. This study was designed to determine the impact of chronic preconditioning of cells to hyperglycaemia and transient switching of cultured endothelial cells between hyper- and normo-glycaemic conditions on bioenergetic and functional parameters. Immortalised EA.hy926 endothelial cells were cultured through multiple passages under normoglycaemic (5.5 mM) or hyperglycaemic (25 mM) conditions. Cells were subsequently subjected (48 h) to continued normo- or hyperglycaemic exposure, or were switched to the alternative glycaemic condition, or to an intermediate glucose concentration (12.5 mM) and metabolic activity, together with key markers of function were measured. Cells habituated to hyperglycaemia were energetically quiescent. Functional activity, characterised by the measurement of nitric oxide, endothelin-1, tissue plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, was depressed by exposure to high glucose, with the reduction in nitric oxide production being the most notable. Function was more responsive to acute changes in extracellular glucose than were bioenergetic changes. We conclude that glucose is a key determinant of endothelial function. The study highlights the importance of chronic glucose exposure on cell phenotype and emphasises the need to pay close attention to glucose preconditioning in interpreting results under culture conditions.
Robust Algorithm against Spectrum Sensing Data Falsification Attack in Cognitive Radio Networks (2014)

One of the main challenges in cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) for cognitive radio networks (CRN) is spectrum sensing falsification (SSDF) attack. A SSDF attack consists in a cognitive user providing false data about the spectrum status. SSDF attack can hugely degrade the achievable detection accuracy and energy efficiency of CRNs. In this paper, a robust CSS algorithm against SSDF attack is proposed. The proposed algorithm assigns a specific weight to each user, which is able to (i) completely eliminate the resulting effects on CSS caused by many types of SSDF attacks, (ii) convert some types of SSDF attacks to be honest users, and (iii) alleviate the influence of other honest users that suffer from poor sensing performance or/and very noisy reporting channels. Simulation results show that, compared to many previous works, a significant improvement in detection accuracy and energy efficiency can be attained by the proposed algorithm.
Copper Complexation by 3-Hydroxypyridin-4-one Iron Chelators: Structural and Iron Competition Studies (1994)

Clinical trials of 1,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxypyridine-4-one (1) as an orally available iron chelator are presently underway in several centers. Discrepant reports of toxicity in human and animal studies have stimulated debate on the role of iron status and the availability of iron for chelation relative to other essential elements like copper in determining the clinical effects of 1. Therefore, we investigated the ability of 1, its 1,2-diethyl analog 2, and their iron chelates to complex copper. Both compounds formed tetracoordinate 2:1 Cu(II) complexes which X-ray structure analysis showed to be planar and coordinated through the oxygen atoms of the hydroxy ketone functionality. Potentiometric analysis revealed that these complexes dominated at physiological pH, although between pH 6 and 7 approximately equal amounts of the mono and bis complexes of Cu with 1 were present at equilibrium. Comparing the stepwise formation constants deduced from the stability constants of these complexes (log beta 2 = 21.7 +/- 0.8 (1) and 20.2 +/- 2.0 (2)) with those of their Fe(III) complexes (Motekaitis,R.J.;Martell,A.E.Inorg.Chim.Acta 1991, 183,71-80) leads to a prediction of insignificant copper complexation when equimolar iron is present and dissociation products are thermodynamically unimportant. However, displacement of Fe3+ occurred from both complexes with stoichiometric amounts of Cu2+, implicating the participation of metal hydrolysis products in the equilibria. We conclude that Cu(II) complexes of the 3-hydroxypyridin-4-one chelators are stable under physiological conditions and that copper can effect displacement of iron by these agents under circumstances where hydrolysis of the metals is important.
Seeing-Is-Believing: Using Camera Phones for Human-Verifiable Authentication (2005)

Current mechanisms for authenticating communication between devices that share no prior context are inconvenient for ordinary users, without the assistance of a trusted authority. We present and analyze seeing-is-believing, a system that utilizes 2D barcodes and camera-telephones to implement a visual channel for authentication and demonstrative identification of devices. We apply this visual channel to several problems in computer security, including authenticated key exchange between devices that share no prior context, establishment of a trusted path for configuration of a TCG-compliant computing platform, and secure device configuration in the context of a smart home.
Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells Promote Endothelial Cell Morphogenesis and Protect Endothelial Cells against Ischemia via HIF-1α-Regulated VEGF Signaling (2008)

Vascular cells provide a neural stem/progenitor cell (NSPC) niche that regulates expansion and differentiation of NSPCs within the germinal zones of the embryonic and adult brain under both physiologic and pathologic conditions. Here, we examined the NSPC-endothelial cell (NSPC/EC) interaction under conditions of ischemia, both in vitro and after intracerebral transplantation. In culture, embryonic mouse NSPCs supported capillary morphogenesis and protected ECs from cell death induced by serum starvation or by transient oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD). Neural stem/progenitor cells constitutively expressed hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF-1alpha) transcription factor and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), both of which were increased approximately twofold after the exposure of NSPCs to OGD. The protective effects of NSPCs on ECs under conditions of serum starvation and hypoxia were blocked by pharmacological inhibitors of VEGF signaling, SU1498 and Flt-1-Fc. After intracerebral transplantation, NSPCs continued to express HIF-1alpha and VEGF, and promoted microvascular density after focal ischemia. These studies support a role for NSPCs in stabilization of vasculature during ischemia, mediated via HIF-1alpha-VEGF signaling pathways, and suggest therapeutic application of NSPCs to promote revascularization and repair after brain injury.
Compensating finite-difference errors in 3-D migration and modeling (1990)

One-pass three-dimensional (3-D) depth migration potentially offers more accurate imaging results than does conventional two-pass migration, in variable velocity media. Conventional one-pass 3-D migration, done with the method of finite-difference inline and crossline splitting, however, creates large errors in imaging complex structures due to paraxial wave-equation approximation of the one-way wave equation, inline-crossline splitting, and finite-difference grid dispersion. After analyzing the finite-difference errors in conventional 3-D poststack wave field extrapolation, the paper presents a method that compensates for the errors and yet still preserves the efficiency of the conventional finite-difference splitting method. For frequency-space 3-D finite-difference migration and modeling, the compensation operator is implemented using the phase-shift method, or phase-shift plus interpolation method, depending on the extent of lateral velocity variations. The compensation operator increases the accuracy of handling steep dips, suppresses the inline and crossline splitting error, and reduces finite-difference grid dispersions. Numerical calculations show that the quality of 3-D migration and 3-D modeling is improved significantly with the finite-difference error compensation method presented in this paper. 13 refs., 7 figs.
REVITALIZATION OF A SUITE OF BRIDGE ANALYSIS CODES (ABRIDGMENT) (1990)

Five bridge analysis codes, which formerly ran only on mainframes and minicomputers, have been enhanced and converted to the microcomputer environment. Refinements include color pre- and postprocessing graphics, panel-oriented input, help and error trapping functions, and an improved user interface. Bridge applications include linear-elastic analysis of beam columns subjected to movable loads, linear and nonlinear frame analyses, and analysis of bent caps and continuous beams. Seamless integration of coded modules is performed so that existing mainframe programs become subroutines to the new microcomputer codes. However, no other modifications are made to the analysis codes to ensure avoidance of new error sources and rapid harmonization.
Identification of membrane‐associated proteins from Campylobacter jejuni strains using complementary proteomics technologies (2007)

Campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of food- and water-borne illness world-wide. The membrane-associated proteome of a recent C. jejuni gastrointestinal isolate (JHH1) was generated by sodium carbonate precipitation and ultracentrifugation followed by 2-DE and MALDI-TOF MS as well as 2-DLC (strong cation exchange followed by RP chromatography) of trypsin digests coupled to MS/MS (2-DLC/MS/MS). 2-DE/MS identified 77 proteins, 44 of which were predicted membrane proteins, while 2-DLC/MS/MS identified 432 proteins, of which 206 were predicted to be membrane associated. A total of 453 unique proteins (27.4% of the C. jejuni theoretical proteome), including 187 bona fide membrane proteins were identified in this study. Membrane proteins were also compared between C. jejuni JHH1 and ATCC 700297 to identify factors potentially associated with increased gastrointestinal virulence. We identified 28 proteins that were significantly (>two-fold) more abundant in, or unique to, JHH1, including eight proteins involved in chemotaxis signal transduction and flagellar motility, the amino acid-binding surface antigens CjaA and CjaC, and four outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of unknown function (Cj0129c, Cj1031, Cj1279c, and Cj1721c). Immunoblotting using convalescent patient sera generated post-gastrointestinal infection revealed 13 (JHH1) and 12 (ATCC 700297) immunoreactive proteins. These included flagellin (FlaA) and CadF as well as Omp18, Omp50, Cj1721c, PEB1A, PEB2, and PEB4A. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of membrane-associated proteins from C. jejuni.
P69 pertactin: LRR, PRR and efficacious vaccine (1996)

MACROMOLECULESC-231 cules, yieldin£ an R-factor of 18.7% for 7363 reflections between 6.0-1.8 A. Im~1E7 protein contains four antiparallel a-helices and based on the genetic, kinetic and our structural data, a region 1ich in acidic residues is identified.Presumably this area is involved in the specific protein-protein interactions.We suggest that all the DNase-type immunity proteins, as well as colicins, must share a "homologous-structural framework" and the specific interaction is relied upon how well these two proteins' charged residues match on the interaction surface.These model can be desClibed as a key and lock analogy, that not only the key must fit into a locl( (homologous framework), but also the teeth of the key need to completely match the pitches of the lock, thus leading to the specific immunity of the colicin.
Vertex and face permutation order compression for efficient animation support (2006)

In MPEG-4, 3D mesh coding (3DMC) achieves 40:1 to 50:1 compression ratio over 3-D meshes (in VRML IndexedFaceSet representation) without noticeable visual degradation. This substantial gain comes not for free: it changes the vertex and face permutation order of the original 3-D mesh model. This vertex and face permutation order change may cause a serious problem for animation, editing operation, and special effects, where the original permutation order information is critical not only to the mesh representation, but also to the related tools. To fix this problem, we need to transmit the vertex and face permutation order information additionally. This additional transmission causes the unexpected increase of the bitstream size. In this paper, we proposed a novel vertex and face permutation order compression algorithm to address the vertex and face permutation order change by the 3DMC encoding with the minimal increase of side information. Our proposed vertex and face permutation order coding method is based on the adaptive probability model, which makes allocating one fewer bits codeword to each vertex and face permutation order in every distinguishable unit as encoding proceeds. Additionally to the adaptive probability model, we further increased the coding efficiency of the proposed method by representing and encoding each vertex and face permutation order per connected component (CC). Simulation results demonstrated that the proposed algorithm can encode the vertex and face permutation order losslessly while making up to 12% bit-saving compared with the logarithmic representation based on the fixed probability model.
Numerical Simulation Of Magnetohydrodynamics (2008)

Use of electromagnetic fields has been shown to be an effective way to control the behavior of electrically conducting fluids. Specifically, the modification of the boundary layer profile with electromagnetic fields can yield performance improvements such as reduced drag and improved heat transfer. Though this approach has been demonstrated computationally and experimentally with conducting liquids (i.e. seawater), application to aerodynamic devices operating in air has not seen the same success. \nThrough the use of numerical simulation and eventually optimization, we hope to develop efficient designs that are effective for boundary layer control for low temperature conducting gases (non-thermal plasmas). The boundary layer control technique requires an electrically conducting fluid within the boundary layer and either intense magnetic fields or high voltage difference across electrode pairs. The plasma discharge at atmospheric pressure was suggested to ionize air and thus increase the electrical conductivity of the air.\nA numerical model was developed to assist in the design of physical experiments and to enhance the understanding of the physical mechanism of the plasma flow under the influence of electromagnetic fields.\nThe model equations governing the flow of non-thermal plasmas in an electromagnetic field were discretized using finite volume method for MHD fluid equations and Galerkin finite element method for MHD electrodynamics equations on an unstructured mesh.\nIt was observed that flows at low Reynolds number can be altered by electromagnetic fields with low applied voltage and relatively low magnetic flux density under the assumption of constant electrical conductivity of plasma.
Born iterative reconstruction using perturbed-phase field estimates (2008)

A method of image reconstruction from scattering measurements for use in ultrasonic imaging is presented. The method employs distorted-wave Born iteration but does not require using a forward-problem solver or solving large systems of equations. These calculations are avoided by limiting intermediate estimates of medium variations to smooth functions in which the propagated fields can be approximated by phase perturbations derived from variations in a geometric path along rays. The reconstruction itself is formed by a modification of the filtered-backpropagation formula that includes correction terms to account for propagation through an estimated background. Numerical studies that validate the method for parameter ranges of interest in medical applications are presented. The efficiency of this method offers the possibility of real-time imaging from scattering measurements.
Thin-layer adsorption chromatography of free and conjugated bile acids on silicic acid (1962)

m Reported hew are two solvent systems that have proved useful for the quali tativc separation of certain free and conjugated bile acids.Although Ganshirt, Koss, and Morianz (1) have reported other systems, we have found those described here to be more satisfactory.The thin layers of silicic acid on 20 x 20 cm glass plates were prepared, using a commercial apparatus (thin layer chromatography according to Stahl, C.
A 65 nm Ultra-High-Density Dual-Port SRAM with 0.71um/sup ~/ 8T-Cell for SoC (2006)

We propose a new access scheme of synchronous dual-port (DP) SRAM that minimizes area of 8T-DP-cell and keeps cell stability. A priority row decoder circuit and shifted bit-line access scheme eliminates access conflict problem. Using 65nm CMOS technology (hp90), we fabricated 32KB DP-SRAM macros with the proposed scheme. We obtain 0.71mum <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> 8T-DP-cell, which cell size is 1.44times larger than 6T-single-port (SP) cell
Epidemiology of Lye Poisoning in the United States (1942)

Epidemiology of Lye Poisoning in the United States H. W. Brown, and Glenn Kiser CopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.32.8.822 Published Online: August 29, 2011
Human airway trypsin‐like protease (HAT) is released into saliva (2018)

We first discovered human airway trypsin-like protease (HAT) in human mucoid sputum. Precursor HAT (47 kDa), a cell surface type Ⅱ transmembrane serine protease, is proteolyzed to mature HAT (27 kDa). Hitherto, HAT has not been detected in other biological fluids except for human sputum. We aimed to clarify whether human saliva contains mature HAT. Trypsin-like protease was isolated from saliva of healthy volunteers by a method adopted for isolation of HAT from sputum using Boc-Phe-Ser-Arg-MCA as the substrate. Biochemical properties of purified protease were similar to those of recombinant HAT (rHAT). HAT concentration in saliva was measured by ELISA, and immunoreactive HAT:total protein ratio (ng/mg) in saliva samples from healthy subjects was similar to that in mucoid sputum. RT-PCR showed that HAT mRNA was expressed in human gingival epithelial cells but not in gingival fibroblasts. Both indirect immunofluorescence and western blotting using monoclonal antibody for α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA;a myofibroblast marker) showed that HAT enhanced α-SMA fiber expression in gingival fibroblasts. These results indicate that both mucoid sputum and saliva from healthy subjects have similar concentrations of mature HAT, and HAT is related to certain physiological functions and pathological states of myofibroblasts in the oral cavity. J. Med. Invest. 65:258-267, August, 2018.
ChemInform Abstract: Ditopic Receptors for Transition‐Metal Ions: A Heterobimetallic Nickel(II)‐Copper(II) Bis(macrocyclic) Complex and Its Stepwise Oxidation to the Tervalent State. (1986)

Abstract The biscyclam (II), obtained by reduction of the parent bisdioxocyclam (I), reacts successively with the metal nitrates to yield a 2:1 :l‐mixture of the complexes (IIIa)‐(IIIc), which were separated by ion‐exchange chromatography (no yields given).
[Clinical Outcome of Hepatectomy of Liver Metastasis of Duodenal Ampullary Cancer]. (2017)

We evaluated the clinical outcome and assessed the indication of hepatectomy for liver metastasis of duodenal ampullary cancer. We analyzed 42 cases of duodenal ampullary cancer and 4 patients who underwent hepatectomy for liver metastasis. Eleven(50%)of 22 cases with recurrence of duodenal ampullary cancer had liver metastasis. Four cases were solitary and 7 cases were multiple. Four patients underwent hepatectomy didn't had other organ metastasis. Three of 4 cases with solitary liver metastases and one of 7 cases with multiple metastasis underwent hepatectomy. One of 3 cases of solitary liver metastasis died of lung and bone metastases without liver recurrence 2 years and 8 months after hepatectomy. Other 2 cases are long surviving without recurrence 8 years and 8 months and 4 years and 9 months after hepatectomy respectively. One case of multiple liver metastases died of early liver recurrence 10 months after hepatectomy. The indication of hepatectomy for liver metastasis was restrictive. However the prognosis of patients with solitary liver metastasis was relatively favorable. Therefore hepatectomy could be indicated for solitary liver metastasis of duodenal ampullary cancer.
3D Hand Gesture Recognition using Integral Imaging (2018)

Some overview results of previously published work in the framework of the application of Three-Dimensional Integral Imaging for the classification of human gestures are shown, where occlusions in front of the gestures are present. This makes recognition a hard task. This research also involved the use of an RGB-D sensor (Kinect) for comparison purposes. We can conclude that Integral Imaging compares favorably when occlusions are present.