gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Platy Pyroxene: New Insights into Spinifex Texture (2017)

New evidence has emerged for a different type of platy spinifex texture that has not previously been documented in the existing literature, in this case from 2.8 Ga high-Mg basalts in the Murchison Domain of the Yilgarn Craton, where petrographic and geochemical evidence shows that the dominant platy mineral is pyroxene, rather than olivine. In our samples, two scales of plates are evident. Larger plates have lengths and widths that are approximately equal and range from ~1000 to 15 000 mm, with thicknesses typically ≲120 mm. These plates have ≲25 mm thick augite rims, and cores that are now a mixture of low-temperature hydrous alteration minerals. They occur in sets of similarly oriented crystals, and typically intersect other sets of crystals at oblique angles. A second population of smaller augite-only plates occur within the interstices of the larger plates; they have lengths and widths that range from 200 to 1500 mm, and thicknesses that are typically ≲50 mm. Pyroxene dendrites are also a typical component of this texture and represent a third scale of crystal growth, which probably crystallized shortly before the remaining liquid quenched to glass. All scales of pyroxene contained within this texture exhibit skeletal features and are considered to have crystallized rapidly. We discuss possible conditions that led to the crystallization of platy habits instead of the typical acicular ones. The exposed volcanic sequence in our study area is volcanologically similar to other Archean komatiites, such as those from the 2.7 Ga Abitibi greenstone belt, for example, and has probably experienced a similar cooling history; however, apart from having similar textures, we cannot demonstrate a komatiitic association. Liquid compositions, estimated from chilled flow margins, are distinctly lower in MgO (14.4-15.8wt %) and higher in SiO2 (50.9-52.1wt %) than those for most platy olivine spinifex-textured komatiites; from these compositions, we calculate dry liquidus temperatures of 1312-1342°C and mantle potential temperatures of 1440-1480°C. On the basis of these temperatures we question whether a mantle plume is a necessary element of their petrogenesis. 'Platy olivine spinifex' is an igneous texture that characterizes komatiites and its observation in outcrops or drill core (typically prior to, or in lieu of chemical analysis) leads geologists to classify a rock as a komatiite. Field descriptions may therefore drive assumptions and interpretations surrounding the prevailing tectonic or geodynamic setting at the time of emplacement. We emphasize the importance of careful discrimination between a variety of spinifex textures within a local volcanological framework and caution against the habit of making direct interpretations of rock type based on the existence of spinifex textures alone. © The Author 2017.
Variola Virus-Specific Diagnostic Assays: Characterization, Sensitivity, and Specificity (2015)

A public health response relies upon rapid and reliable confirmation of disease by diagnostic assays. Here, we detail the design and validation of two variola virus-specific real-time PCR assays, since previous assays cross-reacted with newly identified cowpox viruses. The assay specificity must continually be reassessed as other closely related viruses are identified.
The Interaction Between the Impeller and Casing in a Small-Size Turbo-Compressor (2002)

The effects of casing shape on the performance and the interaction between the impeller and casing in a small-size turbo-compressor are investigated. Numerical analysis is conducted for the compressor with circular and single volute casings from inlet to discharge nozzle. In order to predict the flow pattern inside the entire impeller, vaneless diffuer and casing, calculations with multiple frames of reference method between the rotating and stationery parts of the domain are carried out. For compressible turbulent flow fields, the continuity and three-dimensional time-averaged Navier-Stokes equations are employed. To evaluate the performance of two types of casings, the static pressure and loss coefficients are obtained with various flow rates. Also, static pressure distributions around casings are studied for different casing shapes, which are very important to predict the distribution of radial load. To prove the accuracy of numerical results, measurements of static pressure around casing and pressure difference between the inlet and outlet of the compressor are performed for the circular casing. Comparison of these results between the experimental and numerical analyses are conducted, and reasonable agreement is obtained.
Substitutional versus interstitial carbon incorporation during pseudomorphic growth of Si1−yCy on Si(001) (1996)

Molecular beam epitaxial growth of Si1−yCy alloys pseudomorphically strained on the (2×1) reconstructed Si(001) has been investigated as a function of growth conditions. An important question concerns the relation between substitutional and interstitial carbon incorporation, which has a large impact on electrical and optical properties of these layers. We show that the interstitial-to-substitutional carbon ratio is strongly influenced by the growth conditions, such as growth temperature and Si growth rate. Both reduction in growth temperature and increase of the overall growth rate lead to an increase in the substitutional-to-interstitial carbon ratio. However, these changes in growth conditions can also cause some deterioration in crystal quality. The carbon incorporation behavior is well described by first order kinetics.
[Postmenopausal osteoporosis: therapeutic approaches]. (1997)

The preventive and therapeutical measures to be implemented the post-menopausal osteoporosis are varied, although there is no clear, single protocol of intervention. ESTROGENS AND PROGESTOGENS: It si verify that the administration of estrogens and/or progestogens prevents bone loss with an action on mineral components of bone and on collagenic metabolism. BIPHOSPONATES: Operate inhibiting mineralization and, particularly, bone reabsorption. At present its use, in low dosages, is reserved to "fast bone loser" patients. CALCITONIN: It increases bone mass and significantly reduces the frequency of fractures in comparison with only calcium, but its use is limited by high costs. IPRIFLAVONE: Anti-reabsorption effects has on bone and stimulates osteoblastic activity; besides, it seems to developed the effect of estrogens on the bone. FLUORIDES: Fluorides also operate on both components of bone turnover, with a most important action on bone formation. An interesting approach is the association of low doses of monofluorophosphate with calcium. However, further confirmation of the "quality" of neoformed bone is necessary. CALCIUM: Calcium supplementation is obligatory where the alimentary supply of calcium is lower then 1 g/die or where an osteomalacic component coexists; only dosages higher than 15 g/die can produce/pharmacological effects on bone turnover. CALCITRIOL: The use is still disputed. The calcitriol-calcium association seems convincing haveved. ORG: OD 14. The efficacy of this synthetic steroid to prevent bone loss is probably superimposable on the efficacy of classic estrogen therapy.
Panoramic stereo sphere vision (2013)

Conventional stereo vision systems have a small field of view (FOV) which limits their usefulness for certain applications. While panorama vision is able to “see” in all directions of the observation space, scene depth information is missed because of the mapping from 3D reference coordinates to 2D panoramic image. In this paper, we present an innovative vision system which builds by a special combined fish-eye lenses module, and is capable of producing 3D coordinate information from the whole global observation space and acquiring no blind area 360&deg;×360&deg; panoramic image simultaneously just using single vision equipment with one time static shooting. It is called Panoramic Stereo Sphere Vision (PSSV). We proposed the geometric model, mathematic model and parameters calibration method in this paper. Specifically, video surveillance, robotic autonomous navigation, virtual reality, driving assistance, multiple maneuvering target tracking, automatic mapping of environments and attitude estimation are some of the applications which will benefit from PSSV.
Conjugates of Cell Adhesion Peptides for Therapeutics and Diagnostics Against Cancer and Autoimmune Diseases (2018)

Overexpressed cell-surface receptors are hallmarks of many disease states and are often used as markers for targeting diseased cells over healthy counterparts. Cell adhesion peptides, which are often derived from interacting regions of these receptor-ligand proteins, mimic surfaces of intact proteins and, thus, have been studied as targeting agents for various payloads to certain cell targets for cancers and autoimmune diseases. Because many cytotoxic agents in the free form are often harmful to healthy cells, the use of cell adhesion peptides in targeting their delivery to diseased cells has been studied to potentially reduce required effective doses and associated harmful side-effects. In this review, multiple cell adhesion peptides from extracellular matrix and ICAM proteins were used to selectively direct drug payloads, signal-inhibitor peptides, and diagnostic molecules, to diseased cells over normal counterparts. RGD constructs have been used to improve the selectivity and efficacy of diagnostic and drug-peptide conjugates against cancer cells. From this precedent, novel conjugates of antigenic and cell adhesion peptides, called Bifunctional Peptide Inhibitors (BPIs), have been designed to selectively regulate immune cells and suppress harmful inflammatory responses in autoimmune diseases. Similar peptide conjugations with imaging agents have delivered promising diagnostic methods in animal models of rheumatoid arthritis. BPIs have also been shown to generate immune tolerance and suppress autoimmune diseases in animal models of type-1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple sclerosis. Collectively, these studies show the potential of cell adhesion peptides in improving the delivery of drugs and diagnostic agents to diseased cells in clinical settings.
Dissociation of hippocampus and caudate nucleus memory systems by posttraining intracerebral injection of dopamine agonists. (1991)

The effect of posttraining intracerebral injections of the indirect dopamine (DA) agonist d-amphetamine, the direct D2 agonist LY 171555, and the direct D1 agonist SKF-38393 on the acquisition of two 8-arm radial maze tasks were examined. On a win-stay task, a light cue signaled the location of food in 4 randomly selected maze arms on each trial, and animals were required to visit each of the lit arms twice within a trial. Posttraining intracaudate injection of d-amphetamine (10.0 and 15.0 micrograms), LY 171555 (2.0 micrograms), and SKF-38393 (5.0 micrograms) all improved win-stay acquisition in relation to saline-injected controls. In contrast, posttraining intrahippocampal injection of DA agonists had no effect on win-stay acquisition. On a win-shift task, rats were allowed to obtain food from 4 randomly selected maze arms, followed by a delay period in which they were removed from the maze. They were returned to the maze for a retention test in which only those arms that had not been visited before the delay contained food. Posttraining intrahippocampal (but not intracaudate) injection of d-amphetamine (5.0 micrograms), LY 171555 (2.0 micrograms), and SKF-38393 (5.0 micrograms) all improved win-shift retention in relation to saline-injected controls. The results demonstrate a double dissociation of hippocampus and caudate nucleus memory functions and show that posttraining injection of both D1 and D2 agonists modulate the memory processes subserved by both hippocampus and caudate nucleus.
Piezoresistive and piezoelectric MEMS strain sensors for vibration detection (2007)

Both piezoresistive and piezoelectric materials are commonly used to detect strain caused by structural vibrations in macro-scale structures. With the increasing complexity and miniaturization of modern mechanical systems such as hard disk drive suspensions, it is imperative to explore the performance of these strain sensors when their dimensions must shrink along with those of the host structures. The miniaturized strain sensors must remain as small as possible so as to minimum their effect on structure dynamics, yet still have acceptable sensing resolution. The performances of two types of novel micro-scale strain gage for installation on stainless steel parts are compared in this paper. Micro-fabrication processes have been developed to build polycrystalline silicon piezoresistive strain sensors on a silicon substrate, which are later bonded to a steel substrate for testing. Piezoresistor geometries are optimized to effectively increase the gage factor of piezoresistive sensors while reducing sensor size. The advantage and disadvantage of these piezoresistors are compared to those of piezoelectric sensors. Experimental results reveal that the MEMS piezoelectric sensors are able to achieve a better resolution than piezoresistors, while piezoresistors can be built in much smaller areas. Both types of the MEMS strain sensors are capable of high sensitivity measurements, subject to differing constraints.
On the almost Goldbach problem of Linnik (1999)

Under the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis, it is proved that for any <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≥</mml:mo> <mml:mn>200</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> there is <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>&gt;</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> depending on <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> </mml:math> only such that every even integer <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>≥</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> is a sum of two odd primes and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> </mml:math> powers of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:math> .
Power Module Design for GaN Transistors Enabling High Switching Speed in Multi‐Kilowatt Applications (2023)

The advantages of gallium nitride and silicon carbide transistors over silicon devices are highlighted. The design criteria for power modules in multi‐kilowatt applications to effectively leverage these advantages are described. Various concepts to overcome limitations associated with state‐of‐the‐art power module packaging presented in the literature are summarized and evaluated. A novel power module design comprising a 650 V, 300 A half‐bridge with integrated direct current–link and gate drivers is proposed. The results of a finite‐element analysis of its parasitic elements and subsequent double‐pulse test simulation are presented.
Epidemiological analysis of reproductive performances and kitten mortality rates in 5,303 purebred queens of 45 different breeds and 28,065 kittens in France (2016)

Reproduction management and performances are evaluated in the feline species only through a limited number of animals and studies. Our objective was to provide reference figures in purebred cats, from a large-scale sample. Data were collected from an online software dedicated to cattery management (Breeding Management System®, BMS, Royal Canin, Aimargues, France). Information was recorded on a voluntary basis by French breeders between 2011 and 2014. Data were anonymously transferred for analysis. A total of 9,063 oestrous periods (in contact with a male) from 5,303 queens (45 breeds) were recorded from 1,521 breeders. Most matings (70.1%) occurred during increasing day length periods. The mean age at mating (±SD) was 2.7 ± 1.6 years for queens and 2.9 ± 1.9 years for tomcats. Pregnancy rate (based on breeders declaration) was 85.2%. Among queens declared pregnant, 8.4% failed to maintain pregnancy. Globally, 78% of the mated females gave birth to 28,065 kittens within 7,075 L. Mean litter size was 4.0 ± 1.9 kittens among which 8.5% were stillborn. Neonatal and paediatric mortality rate was 8.2%. In total, 16.0% of kittens born died before weaning. The results of this study are based on the largest feline database ever analysed. The figures collected can thus be used as reference to define average reproductive performances in numerous breeds for cat breeders. Further analysis will identify factors influencing reproductive performances and early mortality in the feline species.
Phase II clinical study on intraoperative photodynamic therapy with talaporfin sodium and semiconductor laser in patients with malignant brain tumors (2013)

Intraoperative PDT using talaporfin sodium and a semiconductor laser may be considered as a potentially effective and sufficiently safe option for adjuvant management of primary malignant parenchymal brain tumors. The inclusion of intraoperative PDT in a combined treatment strategy may have a positive impact on OS and local tumor control, particularly in patients with newly diagnosed GBMs. Clinical trial registration no.: JMA-IIA00026 (https://dbcentre3.jmacct.med.or.jp/jmactr/App/JMACTRS06/JMACTRS06.aspx?seqno=862).
Estudio estructural de materiales laminares y su aplicación en membranas mixtas material laminar-polímero (2013)

El objetivo principal de esta tesis es el estudio estructural de materiales laminares y su utilizacion para la preparacion de membranas mixtas, especificamente se ha buscado conseguir membranas que muestren propiedades barrera y propiedades de separacion mejoradas para la mezcla hidrogeno/metano. Se ha realizado el estudio estructural de las zeolitas Nu-6(1) y Nu-6(2) a partir de datos de difraccion de rayos X obtenidos en el sincrotron ESRF de Grenoble. El principal objetivo era obtener informacion sobre la influencia de la incorporacion de aluminio en la estructura cristalina y como afecta al proceso de deslaminacion. Los datos fueron tratados con el programa comercial Materials Studio realizandose refinamientos Pawley, Rietveld y simulaciones de energia. Las membranas mixtas se prepararon utilizando como materiales inorganicos el titanosilicato laminar JDF-L1 y esferas de silice mesoporosas MCM-41. Como fase polimerica se utilizo principalmente lo copoliimida 6FDA-4MPD/6FDA-DABA 4:1. Las laminas individuales de JDF-L1 solo son permeables al hidrogeno disminuyendo considerablemente la permeabilidad del resto de los gases. De esta manera se consiguieron membranas con efecto barrera, principalmente para oxigeno. Las esferas de MCM-41 incrementan la permeabilidad de todos los gases reduciendo la selectividad para la mezcla hidrogeno/metano. Se prepararon membranas mixtas con ambos materiales inorganicos con el objetivo de obtener sinergias entre los dos materiales incrementando tanto la selectividad como la permeabilidad de la mezcla hidrogeno/metano. La caracterizacion de las membranas, polimeros y diversos materiales inorganicos (JDF-L1, MCM-41, Nu-6(1) y Nu-6(2)) se realizon mediante diversas tecnicas: difraccion de rayos X, microscopia electronica de barrido y de transmision, analisis termogravimetrico, adsorcion/desorcion de N2, fluorescencia de rayos X, espectroscopia Raman y resonancia magnetica nuclear. Las membranas se utilizaron para separar mezclas de oxigeno/nitrogeno e hidrogeno/metano.
Fast dynamic extracted honeypots in cloud computing (2012)

In this paper, we describe the design, the implementation and the evaluation of a dynamic honeypot architecture which can be offered as an additional security service for cloud users in a cloud that offers Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS). Honeypots can protect original systems while revealing new and unknown attacks at the same time. The proposed dynamic honeypot architecture detects potential attacks in the initial phases and delays these attacks until a new honeypot virtual machine (VM) is extracted from the original VM which is under attack. The extraction process is a modifying VM live cloning process which leaves sensible data behind and prevents internal data loss. This way, the newly created honeypot VM runs the same software in exactly the same up-to-date configuration. The honeypot controller redirects the delayed attack to the extracted honeypot VM and analyses its impact without risking the integrity of the original target VM. The proposed architecture benefits from the flexibility and adaptability of the cloud. It efficiently protects VMs of cloud users from contemporary network attacks while only few additional cloud resources are temporarily needed. The architecture deceives and misleads an attacker or an attacking source but does not influence the normal work-flow of the original VMs in the cloud. Based on a defined reporting format, cloud users can learn from attacks which have targeted their VMs and discover current misconfigurations and unknown vulnerabilities.
Rainwater Infiltration Characteristics in the Unsaturated Soil : Comparison of Finite Element Model with Experimental Results (2011)

Infiltration plays an important role in the urban water cycle. Infiltration has a potential to contribute to groundwater recharge in addition to runoff reduction. However, infiltration in urban areas has been considered only as a means of runoff reduction. Conventional design methods for infiltration facilities assume soils to be fully-saturated for the sake of simplicity. The amount of groundwater recharge can not be estimated properly with this scheme. Hence, the characteristics of the unsaturated soil condition need to be considered. The finite element model using SEEP/W to estimate infiltration under the unsaturated condition is presented. Infiltration tests for Joomonjin sand are performed and the infiltration behavior of Joomoonjin sand under the unsaturated condition is measured experimentally to verify the validity of the finite element model. The results from comparing infiltrated volume between the saturated and the unsaturated conditions under the same soil and rainfall conditions show that the infiltrated volume in the unsaturated condition is two times bigger than that in the saturated condition.