gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Severity of Metabolic Acidosis as a Determinant of Bicarbonate Requirements (1973)

In the treatment of metabolic acidosis, the dose of sodium bicarbonate is usually calculated on the assumption that administered bicarbonate distributes in a space equivalent to 50 per cent of body weight. In a patient with profound metabolic acidosis the apparent space of distribution of bicarbonate was over 200 per cent of body weight, although no excessive ongoing acid production or external bicarbonate losses were evident, suggesting that the pre-existing plasma bicarbonate concentration can influence the apparent space of distribution of bicarbonate. This hypothesis was tested with a standard dose of bicarbonate (2.5 mmoles per kilogram of body weight) in 16 dogs with low, normal or high plasma bicarbonate concentration. The concentration increased by 2.8, 5.0 and 5.6 mmoles per liter in the three groups respectively, indicating that the proportion of administered bicarbonate passing into the intracellular space increases with decreasing concentration. In conditions of profound metabolic acidosis, commonly recommended amounts of bicarbonate may produce unexpectedly small increments in the plasma concentration. (N Engl J Med 289:121–126, 1973)
Conclusion (2016)

We have now run out of space in this short introductory book and hope you have found it useful. Our main aim has been to introduce readers from the physical sciences and engineering to the vast and rapidly developing field that is clinical MRI. From our viewpoint each scan is not only a clinical investigation but also a really interesting and complicated physics experiment.
ACVIM consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of myxomatous mitral valve disease in dogs (2019)

This report, issued by the ACVIM Specialty of Cardiology consensus panel, revises guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD, also known as endocardiosis and degenerative or chronic valvular heart disease) in dogs, originally published in 2009. Updates were made to diagnostic, as well as medical, surgical, and dietary treatment recommendations. The strength of these recommendations was based on both the quantity and quality of available evidence supporting diagnostic and therapeutic decisions. Management of MMVD before the onset of clinical signs of heart failure has changed substantially compared with the 2009 guidelines, and new strategies to diagnose and treat advanced heart failure and pulmonary hypertension are reviewed.
Ploidy and imprinting in hydatidiform moles. Complementary use of flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry of the imprinted gene product p57KIP2 to assist molar classification. (2002)

Immunostaining for the paternally imprinted, maternally expressed p57 gene product is a practical and accurate adjunct to flow cytometry in the pathologic classification of hydatidiform moles.
Analysis and optimization of series-gated CML and ECL high-speed bipolar circuits (1996)

An analytical model for calculating the propagation delay time of two-level series-gated current mode logic (CML) and emitter-coupled logic (ECL) high-speed bipolar circuits is presented. The analytical delay model accounts for all the device parasitics and the device sizes of the two levels. Moreover, high-current effects are also considered in the developed model. Exploiting these two features, the model has been successfully applied in optimizing the design of a variety of two-level series-gated CML and ECL circuits for maximum speed (minimum delay). A comparison with the results obtained by SPICE is presented to verify the applicability of the proposed model.
A ONE-STEP PREPARATION OF 2,3-ANHYDRO-4,6-O-BENZYLIDENE-α-d-ALLOPYRANOSIDE AND -GULOPYRANOSIDE (1980)

Abstract Methyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-α-d-glucopyranoside reacted with diethyl azodicarboxylate and triphenylphosphine to give methyl 2,3-anhydro-4,6-O-benzylidene-α-d-allopyranoside and -mannopyranoside with the former predominant, while allyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-α-d-galactopyranoside selectively afforded the corresponding 2,3-anhydroguloside.
The initiation and elongation steps in protein synthesis: Relative rates in chinese hamster ovary cells during and after hyperthermic and hypothermic shocks (1979)

The relative rates of the initiation and elongation phases of protein synthesis have been determined in heat- and cold-shocked CHO cells from measurements of the incorporation of 35S-methionine into N-terminal and internal positions of growing peptides by a modified Edman degradation. When the cells are shifted from 37 degrees C to temperatures between 10 degrees C and 34 degrees C, the rate of initiation is at first reduced more extensively than that of elongation. After 20 to 30 minutes at the lower temperature, however, the cells undergo a metabolic adjustment which includes increasing the rate of initiation until it corresponds to the rate of elongation at that temperature. Calculated apparent energies of activation for initiation and elongation are in reasonable agreement with those determined in other mammalian cells. When the cooled cells are returned to 37 degrees C, the rates of initiation and elongation recover immediately but do not exceed the control values. Exposure to elevated temperatures (43 degrees C) causes an immediate cessation of initiation and thus a delayed inhibition of elongation; upon return to 37 degrees C, the rate of initiation is transiently elevated above the control rate, and the rate of elongation returns to the control rate after a 2- to 3-minute delay. Hence, a factor which leads to supranormal rates of initiation may accumulate at high but not at low temperatures.
Performance Analysis of an Opportunistic Transmission Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks (2008)

We propose an opportunistic transmission strategy for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) that operate in a strict energy-constrained environment. Our proposed transmission strategy named binary-decision based transmission (BDT) attempts to transmit at good channel conditions while meeting the delay constraint for delay-sensitive applications and the buffer size constraint for non-delay-sensitive applications, under time- varying wireless channel. The Markov decision process (MDP) is used to find an optimum threshold for transmission decision. Our BDT scheme initiates transmission only when the channel quality exceeds the optimum threshold, so that unsuccessful transmissions causing a waste of energy are avoided whenever possible.
Magnetic Long-Range Order Induced by Quantum Relaxation in Single-Molecule Magnets (2004)

Can magnetic interactions between single-molecule magnets (SMMs) in a crystal establish long-range magnetic order at low temperatures deep in the quantum regime, where the only electron spin fluctuations are due to incoherent magnetic quantum tunneling (MQT)? Put inversely: can MQT provide the temperature dependent fluctuations needed to destroy the ordered state above some finite T(c), although it should basically itself be a T-independent process? Our experiments on two novel Mn4 SMMs provide a positive answer to the above, showing at the same time that MQT in the SMMs has to involve spin-lattice coupling at a relaxation rate equaling that predicted and observed recently for nuclear-spin-mediated quantum relaxation.
Laser link acquisition demonstration for the GRACE Follow-On mission (2014)

We experimentally demonstrate an inter-satellite laser link acquisition scheme for GRACE Follow-On. In this strategy, dedicated acquisition sensors are not required-instead we use the photodetectors and signal processing hardware already required for science operation. To establish the laser link, a search over five degrees of freedom must be conducted (± 3 mrad in pitch/yaw for each laser beam, and ± 1 GHz for the frequency difference between the two lasers). This search is combined with a FFT-based peak detection algorithm run on each satellite to find the heterodyne beat note resulting when the two beams are interfered. We experimentally demonstrate the two stages of our acquisition strategy: a ± 3 mrad commissioning scan and a ± 300 μrad reacquisition scan. The commissioning scan enables each beam to be pointed at the other satellite to within 142 μrad of its best alignment point with a frequency difference between lasers of less than 20 MHz. Scanning over the 4 alignment degrees of freedom in our commissioning scan takes 214 seconds, and when combined with sweeping the laser frequency difference at a rate of 88 kHz/s, the entire commissioning sequence completes within 6.3 hours. The reacquisition sequence takes 7 seconds to complete, and optimizes the alignment between beams to allow a smooth transition to differential wavefront sensing-based auto-alignment.
The host galaxies of Type Ia supernovae discovered by the Palomar Transient Factory (2013)

We present spectroscopic observations of the host galaxies of 82 low-redshift Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) discovered by the Palomar Transient Factory. We determine star formation rates, gas-phase/stellar metallicities, and stellar masses and ages of these objects. As expected, strong correlations between the SN Ia light-curve width (stretch) and the host age/mass/metallicity are found: fainter, faster declining events tend to be hosted by older/massive/metal-rich galaxies. There is some evidence that redder SNe Ia explode in higher metallicity galaxies, but we found no relation between the SN colour and host galaxy extinction based on the Balmer decrement, suggesting that the colour variation of these SNe does not primarily arise from this source. SNe Ia in higher mass/metallicity galaxies also appear brighter after stretch/colour corrections than their counterparts in lower mass hosts, and the stronger correlation is with gas-phase metallicity suggesting this may be the more important variable. We also compared the host stellar mass distribution to that in galaxy-targeted SN surveys and the high-redshift untargeted Supernova Legacy Survey (SNLS). SNLS has many more low-mass galaxies, while the targeted searches have fewer. This can be explained by an evolution in the galaxy stellar mass function, coupled with an SN delay-time distribution proportional to t^−1. Finally, we found no significant difference in the mass–metallicity relation of our SN Ia hosts compared to field galaxies, suggesting any metallicity effect on the SN Ia rate is small.
Sodium multiple quantum spectroscopy of articular cartilage: Effects of mechanical compression (1998)

The effects of mechanical compression on the multiple quantum coherences generated from sodium ions in articular cartilage were investigated. Cartilage samples obtained from bovine patellae were studied during compression at 0.7 MPa (100 psi) for 1 hour. The double quantum filtered spectra showed marked lineshape changes in the compressed samples. Compression did not seem to influence the lineshapes of the single quantum and triple quantum filtered spectra significantly. We found that the residual quadrupolar interaction was reduced in the compressed samples. Changes in the ordering of collagen fibers may be responsible for the observed effect.
The Duty to Disclose Adverse Precedents: The Spirit of the Common Law and Its Enemies (2018)

Stare decisis is much more than a rule for common-law judges. It is a specific intellectual framework that is also essential to the practice of common law lawyers. It both commands and lives off of certain practices, among which the lawyer's duty to disclose adverse precedents factors prominently. The marriage of stare decisis with the duty to disclose precedents provides insight into some of the most hotly debated issues in litigation, namely the use of foreign law in adjudication and the acceptance of amicus curiae.
Chemical structure of char in the transition from devolatilization to combustion (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemical structure of char in the transition from devolatilization to combustionThomas H. Fletcher, Mark S. Solum, David M. Grant, and Ronald J. PugmireCite this: Energy Fuels 1992, 6, 5, 643–650Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ef00035a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ef00035a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views352Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
THE LACK OF MEMORY B CELLS IN IMMUNE BONE MARROW (1991)

Adoptive transfers of lymphoid populations between Ig-congenic strains of mice were performed to evaluate the presence of memory cells in the bone marrow of immune animals. Transfer of immune splenic B cells or immune peripheral blood mononuclear cells effectively transferred antigen-specific IgG1 antibody responses of donor origin. In contrast, BM from immune animals did not transfer a memory response. The lack of memory transfer with immune BM was not due to a suppressive activity of BM since (1) Purified antigen-specific B cells from BM did not transfer memory while purified antigen-specific B cells from immune spleen was a potent source of memory cells, and (2) cotransfer of immune BM with a source of memory B cells (immune PB) did not suppress the transfer of memory. Although immune BM did not have cells capable of transferring antigen-specific memory, copious amounts of antigen-specific antibody were spontaneously produced by immune BM in vitro. These studies suggest that the transfer of immunological memory observed in human BM transplant cases may be the consequence of PB contamination of BM preparations when collected.
Evaluation of Drivers’ Attention Level by a Driving Simulator (2012)

Diagnosis systems for evaluating driver’s attention level have become very important in the last years and have gained an increasing attention from automotive manufacturers; indeed, traffic crashes represent worldwide one of the main public health problems and many accidents are demonstrated to be due to drivers’ hypovilance. In this work a driving simulator and specific test tools were developed to validate the possibility of monitoring the drivers’ attention level and capability. The driving simulator is equipped with a fixed cockpit and a single front screen. The cockpit reproduces the man-machine interface of a typical medium class car with automatic transmission, i.e. the driver interacts with the simulator by means of the throttle and brake pedals and the steering wheel. The pedals are endowed with passive feedback systems, whereas an electric motor applies an active feedback torque on the steering wheel. From the software point of view, the simulator is managed by four PCs connected by a LAN. Two of them are dedicated to the simulation of vehicle dynamics and for data logging, while the other two run the graphical scenario software. This includes a motorway area connected to an urban area with an autonomous traffic. The vehicle model was built with a block architecture in the Matlab/Simulink environment and is run in real-time by using the xPC Target toolbox. A specific block, consisting of an in-house developed 14 d.o.f. model, was set up to represents vehicle dynamics. The driving simulator is currently employed in experimental campaigns acquiring about 60 signals of driver’s input and vehicle quantities. In order to evaluate the drivers’ attention level, two specific tests were developed, which aim at measuring the drivers’ reaction time and ability in sudden events such as a brake manoeuvre or a sudden lateral skid. In the paper the driving simulator hardware and software are presented. The tests procedures, which were developed to investigate the driver’s attention, are also discussed with reference to some tests.
ChemInform Abstract: Buetschliite Derivative K2Zr(BO3)2. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A Concise Format for Reporting the Longer-Term Follow-up Status of Patients Managed with Total Knee Arthroplasty (2002)

This format is to be used when the original full-length article was published in The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. Length limit: Six manuscript pages, excluding references and figures. Follow-up intervals: No less than five years since the previous publication and preferably at five or ten-year intervals, as long as no interim changes have occurred that require expedited reporting.
A combined audio-visual contribution to event detection in field sports broadcast video. Case study: Gaelic football (2004)

In this paper we propose novel, audio-visual analysis techniques for event detection in broadcast TV sports video content. The scope of the design is constrained to the specialized domain of 'field sport', and specifically, Gaelic Football is presented as an experimental case study. We show that a combination of speech-band energy tracking in the audio domain, coupled with colour dominance pattern recognition in the video domain, provides a useful contribution to event detection for broadcast Gaelic Football matches. It is projected that, any conclusions made therein may be extended such that they function on sports content of a similar nature such as American Football, Australian Rules, Rugby Union etc.
Heating Properties of Developed Needle Type Applicator Made of Shape Memory Alloy (2007)

This paper discusses radio frequency (RF) interstitial hyperthermia for a brain tumor with a needle type applicator made of a shape memory alloy (SMA). In this method, it is necessary to make appropriate thermal distribution to the region of the brain tumor. However, it is not easy to predict the thermal distribution during the heating. We estimated the temperature distribution inside an agar phantom by the finite element method (FEM), and heated the agar phantom with the developed needle type applicator. Here, first, the developed RF interstitial hyperthermia system with the SMA needle was presented. Second, the results obtained by the computer simulation and the experimental heating results of the agar phantom by using the developed SMA needle type applicator were presented. Comparing computer simulation results and experimental results, we discussed the heating properties of the developed system. Finally, from these results, it is confirmed that the developed needle type applicator made of SMA is useful for wide heating of invasive hyperthermia.
Fairness and Performance Isolation: an Analysis of Disk Scheduling Algorithms (2006)

An I/O system using a sharing model provides concurrently executing applications shared access to the underlying I/O resources. Although the existing sharing models of these I/O systems are purported to be fair, none of them results in performance isolation. Failing to provide performance isolation results in unpredictable application performance. Unpredictability in application performance hampers providing quality of service guarantees. In this paper, we present a formal analysis of the fairness properties of various disk scheduling algorithms and an experimental evaluation of their performance isolation properties. We show that none of the existing "fair" scheduling algorithms provides performance isolation
Multiple coordinated views supporting visual analytics (2009)

This paper proposes the use of multiple coordinated views to support visual analytics. The Information Visualization tool PRISMA includes the implementation of three coordinated visualization techniques (treemap, parallel coordinates and scatterplot) and other auxiliary charts. The coordination is supported by filter, brushing, visual representation and other mechanisms. The mini --challenge 4 (Evacuation Traces) from IEEE VAST 2008 Challenge was used as a case study on this paper.
Human platelet lysate in mesenchymal stromal cell expansion according to a GMP grade protocol: a cell factory experience (2018)

PL can be considered a safe alternative to FBS for ex-vivo expansion of MSC according to a GMP grade protocol. Our experience confirms the literature data: a large number of MSCs for clinical applications can be obtained by expansion with PL, without affecting the MSC main features. Our experience underlines the benefits of a close collaboration between the PL producers (transfusion service) and the end users (cell factory) in a synergy of skills and experiences that can lead to standardized PL production.
Sektionskonzept Meta(daten), Terminologien und Provenienz zur Einrichtung einer Sektion im Verein Nationale Forschungsdateninfrastruktur (NFDI) e.V. (2021)

<em>Name der Sektion: Meta(daten), Terminologien, Provenienz</em> <em>Akronym der Sektion: section-metadata</em> <em>Ansprechpersonen Sektionseinrichtung: Prof. Dr. Torsten Schrade (NFDI4Culture), Dr. Oliver Koepler (NFDI4Chem)</em> Die Sektion befasst sich mit den Themenbereichen (Meta)daten, Terminologien und Provenienz. Aufgabenfelder der Sektion umfassen organisatorische Aspekte (Kollaboration, Wissenstransfer), inhaltliche Aspekte (z.B. Modellierung/Ontologien) und infrastrukturelle Perspektiven (Entwicklung von Standards / Basisdiensten). Eine der wesentlichen Aufgaben der Sektion wird sein, die Arbeit der NFDI-Konsortien im Bereich (Meta)daten, Terminologien und Provenienz entlang der FAIR Kriterien wechselseitig sichtbar zu machen, zu harmonisieren und nachnutzbar zu machen. Hierbei wird die Sektion in enger Rückkopplung mit den Sektionen “Common Infrastructures” sowie “Ethical, Social and Legal Aspects” insbesondere die Themenbereiche Terminologien und Provenienz bearbeiten. Im Themenbereich Metadaten und Forschungsdaten - im Folgenden kurz (Meta)daten - beschäftigt sich die Sektion mit Fragen zur (Meta-)daten-Harmonisierung, Auffindbarkeit von Daten, allgemeine Daten- und Metadaten-Standards mit Blick auf ein mögliches NFDI-Kernmetadatenformat sowie Formatumwandlungen und Persistent-Identifier-Systemen. Im Themenbereich Terminologien beschäftigt sich die Sektion mit community- und disziplinenübergreifenden Definitionen von Top-Level Ontologien und Mappings von Ontologien sowie Best Practices zur Modellierung von Terminologien, Vokabularen und Ontologien sowie darauf aufbauenden Diensten zur Datenintegration (z.B. Terminology Service, Knowledge Graphs etc.). Im Themenbereich Provenienz befasst sich die Sektion mit rechtlichen, technischen und kulturellen Aspekten des Entstehungskontextes von (Meta)daten (z.B. im Rahmen von Experimenten, Laborbüchern, Digitalisierungsprozessen etc.) und entwirft Vorschläge für einheitliche und nachvollziehbare Dokumentationsverfahren zur Beantwortung der Fragen nach dem was, wo, wann, wer, wie und warum der Datenerzeugung und Datenprozessierung. Hierbei entwickelt die Sektion Empfehlungen für die Abbildung der Provenienz in einem möglichen NFDI-Kernmetadatenformat.
Respiration-driven amino acid uptake system in Pseudomonads (1989)

Pseudomonas putidaにおいてアミノ酸の取り込みを[H+]の濃度変化を追跡して調べた。その結果、酸素呼吸によりて駆動されるグルタミン酸の取り込みが観察された。このシステムはプロトンコンダクターであるCarbonyl cyanide m-chloropheny hydrazoneによっては阻害されず,CN-によって阻害された。これらのことから,本細菌には第一次能動輸送として呼吸によって駆動されるグルタミン酸の取り込みシステムがあることが推測された。