gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simple spatially resolved period measurement of chirped pulse compression gratings (2023)

We present an easy-to-implement and low-cost setup for the precise measurement of the period chirp of diffraction gratings offering a resolution of 15 pm and reasonable scan speeds of 2 seconds per measurement point. The principle of the measurement is illustrated on the example of two different pulse compression gratings, one fabricated by laser interference lithography (LIL) and the other by scanning beam interference lithography (SBIL). A period chirp of 0.22 pm/mm<sup>2</sup> at a nominal period of 610 nm was measured for the grating fabricated with LIL, whereas no chirp was observed for the grating fabricated by SBIL, which had a nominal period of 586.2 nm.
Postnatal changes in inhibitory effect of C-type natriuretic peptide on secretion of ANP (2002)

To define developmental changes in atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) secretion and in the cross talk between C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) and ANP, we performed experiments in isolated perfused nonbeating cardiac atria isolated from rabbits between 1 and 8 wk of age. Changes in atrial pressure resulted in increases in atrial volume that rose with age and reached the peak value at 4 wk. A rise in volume change increased ANP secretion with concomitant translocation of extracellular fluid (ECF) into the atrial lumen, which increased with age and reached the peak value at 4 wk. The positive relationship between stretch-induced ANP secretion and ECF translocation shifted upward and leftward with age. CNP suppressed stretch-induced ANP secretion in the 8-wk-old group but not in the 2- and 4-wk-old groups without differences in ECF translocation and atrial volume. Therefore, the ANP secretion in terms of ECF translocation was markedly suppressed by CNP in the 8-wk-old group but not in the 2- and 4-wk-old groups. The production of cGMP by CNP in atrial tissue membranes was markedly attenuated in young rabbits. However, 8-bromo-cGMP suppressed stretch-induced ANP secretion in 2- and 8-wk-old groups. Natriuretic peptide receptor-B mRNA was similar in both groups. Therefore, we conclude that the inhibitory effect of CNP on atrial ANP secretion is developmentally regulated, being absent during normal cardiac development in young animals and intact in adult animals.
Comparison of two DNA targets for the diagnosis of Toxoplasmosis by real-time PCR using fluorescence resonance energy transfer hybridization probes (2003)

We have developed a quantitative LightCycler PCR protocol which offer rapid cycling with real-time, sequence-specific detection of amplicons. Results of quantitative PCR demonstrate that the 529-bp repeat element is repeated more than 300-fold in the genome of Toxoplasma gondii. Since individual intragenic copies of the target are conserved on sequence level, the high copy number leads to an ultimate level of analytical sensitivity in routine practice. This newly described 529-bp repeat element should be preferred to less repeated or more divergent target sequences in order to improve the sensitivity of PCR tests for the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis.
SPECTRA, STABILITY CONSTANTS, AND STRUCTURES OF ANILINE-POLYNITROBENZENE COMPLEXES (1951)

*National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellow, 1950-1951 $^{1}$ R. S. Mulliken, J. Chem. Phys. 19, 514 (1951)
Starch-guest complexes interactions: Molecular mechanisms, effects on starch and functionality (2023)

Starch is a natural, abundant, renewable and biodegradable plant-based polymer that exhibits a variety of functional properties, including the ability to thicken or gel solutions, form films and coatings, and act as encapsulation and delivery vehicles. In this review, we first describe the structure of starch molecules and discuss the mechanisms of their interactions with guest molecules. Then, the effects of starch-guest complexes on gelatinization, retrogradation, rheology and digestion of starch are discussed. Finally, the potential applications of starch-guest complexes in the food industry are highlighted. Starch-guest complexes are formed due to physical forces, especially hydrophobic interactions between non-polar guest molecules and the hydrophobic interiors of amylose helices, as well as hydrogen bonds between some guest molecules and starch. Gelatinization, retrogradation, rheology and digestion of starch-based materials are influenced by complex formation, which has important implications for the utilization of starch as a functional and nutritional ingredient in food products. Controlling these interactions can be used to create novel starch-based food materials with specific functions, such as texture modifiers, delivery systems, edible coatings and films, fat substitutes and blood glucose modulators.
Characterization of the Contact between Liquid Spray Droplets and Particles in a Fluidized Bed (2005)

The injection of a gas−liquid spray jet into a fluidized bed of particles is used in many applications such as fluid catalytic cracking or fluid coking. In such applications uniform contact of the liquid droplets and entrained particles is essential for high yields. The objective of this study is to measure the quality of the solid−liquid mixing when a gas−liquid jet is injected into a fluidized bed of coke particles. A quick method has been developed to determine the local quality of solid−liquid mixing on a short time scale. The measuring technique uses temperature to characterize the solid−liquid mixing. Cold ethanol is injected into the fluidized bed via a two-phase spray nozzle and is mixed with the heated fluidized coke particles. An assembly of fast response thermocouples, located downstream of the gas−liquid spray jet, provides instantaneous temperature readings over the liquid spray jet cross section at different axial positions along the length of the jet. In the case of perfect mixing, the temperature should be the same at each radial position. From the variations of the time-averaged temperature, contour plots of the liquid/solid distribution within the cross-sectional area of the jet are created. This technique is used to compare solid−liquid mixing for two cases: when the spray is introduced as a free jet and when a draft tube is placed downstream of the gas−liquid spray. The use of a draft tube is found to improve liquid/solid mixing. The measurement technique has proven to be a reliable method to determine the liquid/solid distribution in the cross section of the jet. It shows that very good and rapid contact between sprayed droplets and particles can be achieved by using a draft tube mixer.
Development of broadband transducer using multilayer piezoelectric elements (2011)

A Langevin-type broadband transducer was developed using a multilayer piezoelectric actuator (hereafter referred to as a multilayer piezoelectric element). The frequency range of the broadband transducer was aimed to cover the frequency range from 38 to 120 kHz typically used for sensing fish and zooplankton. The 10-mm long multilayer piezoelectric elements whose resonance frequency is 138 kHz were chosen for covering the high-frequency region. Acrylic disks of 13-mm thick as the front and rear masses were used for realizing the resonance at the low-frequency region. Also the diameter of 11 cm was determined for realizing suitable beamwidths 5-20°. Thirty elements were set in circular-shaped arrays on the disk and the two acrylic disks were fastened with four bolts. The peaks of the transmitting sensitivity were measured at 46 and 135 kHz, and the values were 168.3 and 165.3 dB re 1 μPa/V, respectively. Although ripples were observed, useful band around 46 and 135 kHz were 26-65 kHz (39-kHz bandwidth) and 110-142 kHz (32-kHz bandwidth), respectively. The transmitting sensitivity function from 70 to 105 kHz was flat, but the sensitivity of 158.0 dB re 1 μPa/V was lower than those of the above frequency range. The peaks of the receiving sensitivity were measured at 28 and 135 kHz, and the values were -188.5 and -173.6 dB re 1 μPa/V, respectively. The receiving sensitivity function was not flatter than the transmitting sensitivity function and the sensitivity at 70 kHz of -207.9 dB re 1 V/μPa was considerably low. The measured beam patterns at 38, 70, and 120 kHz were almost the same as that of the 11-cm diameter circular piston source. The broadband acoustic system was constructed using commercially available equipments and the measurement of the target strength spectra of a 38.1-mm diameter tungsten carbide sphere using a 20-150 kHz linear-frequency-modulated signal. The measured target strength spectra of the 38.1-mm sphere were in good agreement with the predictions except for the region of the low signal-to-noise ratio.
Nitric oxide-generating system as an autocrine mechanism in human polymorphonuclear leucocytes (1993)

Recent data [Lopéz-Farré, Riesco, Moliz, Egido, Casado, Hernando and Caramelo (1991) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 178, 884-891] revealed that endothelin 1 (ET-1) increases intracellular free [Ca2+] in polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) by a mechanism that can be inhibited by L-arginine. The aim of the present study was to clarify the mechanisms of the interaction between the effects of ET-1 and L-arginine in human PMN. The experimental findings showed that in human PMN: (a) ET-1 and the chemoattractant peptide N-formylmethionyl- leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) induce both the metabolism of L-arginine to L-citrulline and cyclic GMP (cGMP) formation; (b) the ET-1-induced cGMP production is inhibitable by the L-arginine antagonist NG-monomethyl-L-arginine, therefore suggesting the involvement of NO; (c) the ET-1- or fMLP-induced NO/cGMP stimulation is critically dependent on the availability of L-arginine; (d) human PMN possess a L-arginine transport system with both Na(+)-dependent and -independent components; (e) the L-arginine transport system in PMN appears to be feedback-regulated by NO/cGMP in ET-1-stimulated conditions, but not under baseline conditions; (f) the L-arginine transport system in PMN is independent of the gamma-glutamyl cycle and is not modified by either ET-1 or fMLP. The L-arginine/NO/cGMP-dependent mechanisms characterized in the present study may be relevant in the regulation of PMN activation in pathophysiological conditions in vivo.
Synthesis of Organophosphorus Compounds via the Coordination Spheres of Transition Metals: Some Non-Classical Examples (1992)

Some nonconventional applications of transition metals in organophosphorus synthesis are presented. They include: a) the reduction-complexation of phosphine sulfides; b) various applications of complexation as a mask for the reactive phosphorus center; c) some coupling and insertion reactions of phospholes and phosphirenes; d) two examples of stereochemical control via complexation and e) the dramatic changes in the electronic structures of phosphinidenes and phosphinines upon coordination. The decomplexation techniques are also emphasized. 1. Introduction 2. Reduction-Complexation of Phosphine Sulfides 3. Masking the Phosphorus Reactive Center by Complexation 4. Coupling and Insertion Reactions Within a Coordination Sphere 5. Stereochemical Control via Complexation 6. Perturbation of the Ligand Electronic Structure Upon Coordination 7. Conclusion
Molecular characterization of breast cancer cell response to metabolic drugs (2017)

Abstract Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer. We and other authors have previously shown that breast cancer subtypes present metabolism differences. In this study, breast cancer cell lines were treated with metformin and rapamycin. The response was heterogeneous across various breast cancer cells, leading to cell cycle disruption in specific conditions. The molecular effects of these treatments were characterized using sublethal doses, SNP genotyping and mass spectrometry-based proteomics. Protein expression was analyzed using probabilistic graphical models, showing that treatments elicit various responses in some biological processes, providing insights into cell responses to metabolism drugs. Moreover, a flux balance analysis approach using protein expression values was applied, showing that predicted growth rates were comparable with cell viability measurements and suggesting an increase in reactive oxygen species response enzymes due to metformin treatment. In addition, a method to assess flux differences in whole pathways was proposed. Our results show that these various approaches provide complementary information, which can be used to suggest hypotheses about the drugs’ mechanisms of action and the response to drugs that target metabolism.
Dasheng: A Recently Amplified Nonautonomous Long Terminal Repeat Element That Is a Major Component of Pericentromeric Regions in Rice (2002)

A new and unusual family of LTR elements, Dasheng, has been discovered in the genome of Oryza sativa following database searches of approximately 100 Mb of rice genomic sequence and 78 Mb of BAC-end sequence information. With all of the cis-elements but none of the coding domains normally associated with retrotransposons (e.g., gag, pol), Dasheng is a novel nonautonomous LTR element with high copy number. Over half of the approximately 1000 Dasheng elements in the rice genome are full length (5.6-8.6 kb), and 60% are estimated to have amplified in the past 500,000 years. Using a modified AFLP technique called transposon display, 215 elements were mapped to all 12 rice chromosomes. Interestingly, more than half of the mapped elements are clustered in the heterochromatic regions around centromeres. The distribution pattern was further confirmed by FISH analysis. Despite clustering in heterochromatin, Dasheng elements are not nested, suggesting their potential value as molecular markers for these marker-poor regions. Taken together, Dasheng is one of the highest-copy-number LTR elements and one of the most recent elements to amplify in the rice genome.
High Luminescence Gold(I) and Copper(I) Complexes with a Triplet Excited State for Use in Light-Emitting Diodes (1999)

Electroluminescence (EL) from the triplet excited statewould extend the range of EL materials able to be used as the emitting layer of organic EL devices from traditional singlet materials to triplet materials such as transition metal complexes. In the EL spectra reported here for highly luminescent gold(I) and copper(I) complexes, the triplet emission intensity is enhanced, while the singlet emission becomes a weak shoulder. This suggests that EL from the triplet state has a larger quantum efficiency than that from the singlet excited state. The bimolecular reaction between triplet excitons is discussed.
From evidence of strong light–matter coupling to polariton emission in GaN microcavities (2007)

Abstract We present both experimental and theoretical results which outline our development of the molecular beam epitaxy of GaN microcavities on (111) silicon. In particular we show that although in this material system the strong‐light matter coupling regime can be observed at 300 K even with relatively low quality factor structures ( Q = 60) in reflectivity measurements, it is necessary to increase the Q ‐factor by at least a factor of two to observe strong coupling in the emission. For an optimized microcavity structure ( Q = 160), polaritonic emission is observed at 300 K, with the origin of the broadened luminescence features confirmed by co‐incident reflectivity measurements. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The Cell Type-Specific Expression of the Murine IL-13 Gene Is Regulated by GATA-3 (2001)

IL-13, a Th2 cell-specific cytokine, is a major effector molecule mediating several pathological features of allergic asthma. However, the transcriptional regulation of the IL-13 gene remains unclear. Here we demonstrate, by using intracellular cytokine staining, that IL-13 is not always coexpressed with other Th2 cytokines in normal Th cells on a single cell basis. In addition, we identified and cloned a minimal inducible and cell type-specific promoter of the murine IL-13 gene. The cell type specificity of the minimal IL-13 promoter is mediated by a functionally critical GATA-3 site that binds endogenous GATA-3 proteins, whereas the induction by PMA/ionomycin is mediated by distinct cis-acting elements. Furthermore, by expressing GATA-3 in wild-type and c-maf transgenic Th1 cells, we demonstrate that the expression of IL-13 is regulated by a mechanism distinct from that regulating the expression of IL-4, and that the expression of Th1 and Th2 cytokine genes does not have to be mutually exclusive in effector Th cells.
Voltage reduction results on a 24-kV circuit (2012)

This paper describes findings from a field trial of voltage reduction on a 24-kV circuit in North Carolina. The depth of voltage reduction was limited by commercial customers with off-nominal transformer taps and by customers with transformer and secondary issues. Voltage measurements from advanced metering provide insight on the importance of distribution transformers and secondaries when reducing voltage.
Woven bone formation around implants and the effect of bacterial infection. (1999)

Several implant materials used in dental and orthopedic surgery were placed in rat tibial bones to study their effects on mineralization. The implants consisted of bone bonding and non-bonding materials. Changes in mineralization were defined by morphometric analysis of matrix vesicle distribution at the implant interface and in normal bone healing following marrow injury. Bone-bonding materials induced an increase in matrix vesicle activity. This finding was supported by study of the biochemical changes in the same model that manifested high correlations to the morphometrical observations with regard to enhancement or delay of primary mineralization. In addition, the study of healing using nuclear methods indicated that implants alter bone healing as shown by the different uptakes of 99mTc and 32P in the different bone compartments. Decreased 32P uptake by the organic phase in the presence of bone-bonding implants suggested that cleavage of 99mTc-MD32P into its technetium and methylene diphosphonate moieties was inhibited by administration of implants. Further studies on the effect of bacterial infection on the peri-implant tissues revealed a decrease in woven bone formation due to infection.
SuperNova, a monomeric photosensitizing fluorescent protein for chromophore-assisted light inactivation (2013)

Chromophore-assisted light inactivation (CALI) is a powerful technique for acute perturbation of biomolecules in a spatio-temporally defined manner in living specimen with reactive oxygen species (ROS). Whereas a chemical photosensitizer including fluorescein must be added to specimens exogenously and cannot be restricted to particular cells or sub-cellular compartments, a genetically-encoded photosensitizer, KillerRed, can be controlled in its expression by tissue specific promoters or subcellular localization tags. Despite of this superiority, KillerRed hasn't yet become a versatile tool because its dimerization tendency prevents fusion with proteins of interest. Here, we report the development of monomeric variant of KillerRed (SuperNova) by direct evolution using random mutagenesis. In contrast to KillerRed, SuperNova in fusion with target proteins shows proper localization. Furthermore, unlike KillerRed, SuperNova expression alone doesn't perturb mitotic cell division. Supernova retains the ability to generate ROS, and hence promote CALI-based functional analysis of target proteins overcoming the major drawbacks of KillerRed.
UAV-based Data Gathering using An Artificial Potential Fields Approach (2018)

International audience
Effects of Polymer Structure on the Inhibition of Cholera Toxin by Linear Polypeptide-Based Glycopolymers (2005)

A variety of important biological events are mediated by the multivalent interaction between relevant oligosaccharides and multiple saccharide receptors on lectins, toxins, and cell surfaces; a variety of glycopolymeric materials have therefore been investigated in studies aimed at manipulating these events. The synthesis of protein- and polypeptide-based glycopolymers via protein engineering and other methods offers opportunities to control both the number and the spacing of saccharides on a scaffold, as well as the conformation of the polymer backbone, and will therefore facilitate the structure-based design of polymers for inhibition of multivalent binding events. In initial studies, we have synthesized a family of galactose-functionalized glycopolymers with a poly(L-glutamic acid) backbone, in which the density and linker length of the pendant carbohydrate moiety were varied. The composition of the glycopolymers was determined via (1)H NMR spectroscopy, and the impact of saccharide density and linker length, as well as the potential for these polypeptide-based glycopolymers to act as high-affinity inhibitors of the cholera toxin, has been indicated via competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and fluorescence titration experiments. The results of these studies suggest strategies for optimizing the binding of linear glycopolymers to bacterial toxins and will aid in the design of additional protein-based materials for studying the impact of multivalency, spacing, and backbone rigidity in a variety of biologically relevant binding events.
Frontispiece: Ambient Hydrogenation and Deuteration of Alkenes Using a Nanostructured Ni‐Core–Shell Catalyst (2021)

Catalysis In their Research Article on page 18591, Rajenahally V. Jagadeesh, Matthias Beller et al. report on the ambient hydrogenation and deuteration of alkenes using a nanostructured nickel core–shell catalyst.
Fast K-dimensional tree algorithms for nearest neighbor search with application to vector quantization encoding (1992)

Fast search algorithms are proposed and studied for vector quantization encoding using the K-dimensional (K-d) tree structure. Here, the emphasis is on the optimal design of the K-d tree for efficient nearest neighbor search in multidimensional space under a bucket-Voronoi intersection search framework. Efficient optimization criteria and procedures are proposed for designing the K-d tree, for the case when the test data distribution is available (as in vector quantization application in the form of training data) as well as for the case when the test data distribution is not available and only the Voronoi intersection information is to be used. The criteria and bucket-Voronoi intersection search procedure are studied in the context of vector quantization encoding of speech waveform. They are empirically observed to achieve constant search complexity for O(log N) tree depths and are found to be more efficient in reducing the search complexity. A geometric interpretation is given for the maximum product criterion, explaining reasons for its inefficiency with respect to the optimization criteria.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Total Whitening for Online Signature Verification Based on Deep Representation (2021)

In deep metric learning targeted at time series, the correlation between feature activations may be easily enlarged through highly nonlinear neural networks, leading to suboptimal embedding effectiveness. An effective solution to this problem is whitening. For example, in online signature verification, whitening can be derived for three individual Gaussian distributions, namely the distributions of local features at all temporal positions 1) for all signatures of all subjects, 2) for all signatures of each particular subject, and 3) for each particular signature of each particular subject. This study proposes a unified method called total whitening that integrates these individual Gaussians. Total whitening rectifies the layout of multiple individual Gaussians to resemble a standard normal distribution, improving the balance between intraclass invariance and interclass discriminative power. Experimental results demonstrate that total whitening achieves state-of-the-art accuracy when tested on online signature verification benchmarks.