gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Silent Myocardial Ischemia during Coronary Angioplasty (1993)

Silent myocardial ischemia is a marker in patients with coronary artery disease identifying those at high risk for subsequent cardiac events. During provoked myocardial ischemia some patients with angina pectoris do not develop chest pain. Are there clinical, angiographic or electrocardiographic differences between patients with chest pain as compared with patients without chest pain during provoked myocardial ischemia? Coronary angioplasty is a well-established method for the treatment of coronary stenosis, but it is also an interesting model for the study of myocardial ischemia as a result of coronary occlusion. We monitored 114 patients with angina pectoris during coronary angioplasty with dynamic, computerized vectorcardiography. During inflation of the balloon 33 of 114 patients had silent ischemia. Patients with silent myocardial ischemia had similar reasons for terminating the preangioplasty exercise test and where on similar anti-ischemic drug regimes. Silent myocardial ischemia was significantly associated with a history of diabetes, presence of collaterals, a history of less severe previous angina and less ST segment changes during angioplasty as compared with patients with painful ischemia. It is suggested that during coronary angioplasty silent ischemia may be caused by a less severe degree of ischemia, possibly as a result of the protective effect of collaterals.
Quantification of Specific Anion Binding to Non-Ionic Triton X-100 Micelles (2011)

Anion binding to nonionic micelles was quantified by self-diffusion. Four anions were probed by multinuclear PGSTE NMR measurements in a Triton X-100 micellar aqueous solution. The salt concentration used was sufficiently low to avoid any micellar growth affecting surface curvature. The micellar aggregates that provide a model surface are uncharged with hydrophilic headgroups so that electrostatic ion surface interactions play little or no role in prescribing specific anion binding. Anionic affinity to the micellar surface followed a Hofmeister series, (CH(3))(2)AsO(2)(-) ≫ CH(3)COO(-) > H(2)PO(4)(-) > F(-). The observed ion specificity is rationalized by calling into play the nonelectrostatic interactions occurring between the anions and the micellar surface.
Spatial learning deficit in mice expressing human 751-amino acid β-amyloid precursor protein (1996)

Cognitive and other behavioural characteristics of 3-month-old heterozygous male transgenic mice expressing the 751-amino acid isoform of human amyloid precursor protein (hAPP751) under the control of a neurone-specific enolase promoter, were compared with those of age-matched non-transgenic control males. No difference was found between hAPP751 transgenics and non-transgenic controls in passive avoidance learning, or in motor coordination. Significantly decreased measures were found in the open field test and in cage activity indicative of general hypoactivity in hAPP751 transgenics. In water maze training, hAPP751 males required significantly longer to locate the hidden platform. This was not due to decreased swimming velocity in hAPP751 mice, but rather to increased path lengths. This suggests a purely spatial learning deficit in hAPP751 males even though their performance during a final spatial test, the probe trail that followed water maze training, was indistinguishable from that of controls. Decreased activity and impaired spatial learning were also reported in an independent study of hAPP751-expressing transgenics showing beta-amyloid immunoreactive deposits and altered tau protein. Since such histopathological alterations were not found in the transgenic model analysed in this study, our results indicate that beta-amyloid deposition is not required for the development of behavioural and/or cognitive deficits in hAPP751 transgenic mice.
Orientation and conformation of two [6]carbohelicenes in stretched polystyrene and a thermoresponsive polyaspartate (2019)

Two functionalized [6]carbohelicenes, one of which was also available in its two enantiomeric pure forms, were oriented in stretched polystyrene in CDCl<sub>3</sub> , and in a recently introduced chiral thermoresponsive lyotropic polyaspartate (poly(benzyl)<sub>0.5</sub> (phenethyl)<sub>0.5</sub> -L-aspartate) in C<sub>2</sub> D<sub>2</sub> Cl<sub>4</sub> . From the resulting <sup>1</sup> H,<sup>13</sup> C residual dipolar couplings, the helical pitch of a methylated [6]carbohelicene was determined and found to be in agreement with theoretical predictions and existing crystal structures (d(C2,C2') ≈ 4.3 Å). For a second [6]carbohelicene with para-methoxyphenyl substituents, a clear conformational preference of the substituents was observed. The orientational properties of the two helicene enantiomers in the chiral polyaspartate are very similar, but both drastically change around 306 K. We suggest this behavior is due to an unusual phase transition in the liquid crystal.
Antiproliferative Activity of Cardenolides Isolated from Streptocaulon juventas (2003)

Sixteen cardenolides, two hemiterpenoids, two phenylpropanoids and a phenylethanoid isolated from the roots of Streptocaulon juventas (LOUR.) MERR. were examined for their antiproliferative activity toward three human-derived (HT-1080 fibrosarcoma, lung A549 adenocarcinoma, cervix HeLa adenocarcinoma) and three murine-derived (colon 26-L5 carcinoma, Lewis lung carcinoma, B16-BL6 melanoma) cell lines. The cardenolides selectively and strongly inhibited proliferation of the HT-1080 (IC(50) values, 0.054-1.6 microM) and A549 (IC(50), 0.016-0.65 microM) cell lines. The characteristic morphological changes and ladder-like DNA fragmentation in those cells treated with the cardenolides indicated the antiproliferative activity was due to the induction of apoptosis.
DNA barcoding for identification of consumer-relevant mushrooms: A partial solution for product certification? (2016)

One challenge in the dietary supplement industry is confirmation of species identity for processed raw materials, i.e. those modified by milling, drying, or extraction, which move through a multilevel supply chain before reaching the finished product. This is particularly difficult for samples containing fungal mycelia, where processing removes morphological characteristics, such that they do not present sufficient variation to differentiate species by traditional techniques. To address this issue, we have demonstrated the utility of DNA barcoding to verify the taxonomic identity of fungi found commonly in the food and dietary supplement industry; such data are critical for protecting consumer health, by assuring both safety and quality. By using DNA barcoding of nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of the rRNA gene with fungal specific ITS primers, ITS barcodes were generated for 33 representative fungal samples, all of which could be used by consumers for food and/or dietary supplement purposes. In the majority of cases, we were able to sequence the ITS region from powdered mycelium samples, grocery store mushrooms, and capsules from commercial dietary supplements. After generating ITS barcodes utilizing standard procedures accepted by the Consortium for the Barcode of Life, we tested their utility by performing a BLAST search against authenticate published ITS sequences in GenBank. In some cases, we also downloaded published, homologous sequences of the ITS region of fungi inspected in this study and examined the phylogenetic relationships of barcoded fungal species in light of modern taxonomic and phylogenetic studies. We anticipate that these data will motivate discussions on DNA barcoding based species identification as applied to the verification/certification of mushroom-containing dietary supplements.
The Barmer study: impact of standardized warming of the injection site to enhance insulin absorption and reduce prandial insulin requirements and hypoglycemia in obese patients with diabetes mellitus (2014)

When treating obese patients to target with insulin therapy, use of an injection-site warming device for 3 months resulted in a lower frequency of hypoglycemic events and a reduction in prandial insulin analog requirements. If these results are confirmed in other patient populations, an injection-site warming device may be useful in achieving treatment targets with a safer and more efficient basal bolus therapy in insulin-treated patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
Nd:YAG Near‐Infrared Luminescent Nanothermometers (2015)

In this work, the thermal sensing capability of Nd 3+ ‐doped Y 3 Al 5 O 12 nanoparticles fabricated by combustion synthesis is reported. Under excitation at 808 nm, the relative intensity of the two spectrally isolated luminescence peaks located at around 940 nm (corresponding to a 4 F 3/2 → 4 I 9/2 transition of the Nd 3+ ions) is found to be markedly temperature‐dependent allowing for ratiometric luminescence nanothermometry. The potential use of neodymium‐doped yttrium aluminum garnet nanoparticles in nanothermometry has been successfully tested in a variety of systems including integrated microelectronics, optofluidic devices, and subtissue ex vivo experiments.
An Update on the Use of Barbed Suture in Minimally Invasive Gynecological Surgery (MIGS). (2016)

The use of barbed suture has enabled general and minimally invasive gynecological surgery (MIGS) surgeons to close surgical wounds more efficiently with minimal complications. This article reviews developments in barbed (knotless) sutures and related devices.
Biomechanical comparison of anterior and posterior stabilization methods in atlantoaxial instability (2004)

The PLM/APSR fixation method was found to have the highest biomechanical stiffness followed by PTS, ATS, and AHPS fixation. The PLM/APSR fixation and AATS methods can be considered good procedures for stabilizing the atlantoaxial joints, although specific fixation methods are determined by the proper clinical and radiological characteristics in each patient.
Light-Biasing Electron-Beam-Induced-Current Measurements for Multijunction Solar Cells: Preprint (2017)

Presented at the 2001 NCPV Program Review Meeting: Results using light-biasing EBIC are illustrated for dual-junction InGaP/InGaAs solar cells.
Averaged modeling and control of a three-phase series active power filter for voltage harmonic compensation (2004)

Power electronic loads inject voltage and current harmonics into the utility system. Active power filters, which are classified into shunt and series ones, have been developed in order to reduce these harmonics and to preserve an acceptable power quality at the mains. This paper presents a detailed study of a series active power filter. First, a new low-frequency mathematical model of the series active filter is established. Then, suitable multiple-loops PI controllers are designed on the basis of a small-signal frequency-domain representation of the converter and the use of the linear feedback control. Simulation results are finally shown and discussed in an attempt to validate the proposed mathematical model and the effectiveness of the control approach.
Establishing a process of irradiating small animal brain using a CyberKnife and a microCT scanner (2014)

With the use of a stereotactic body mold with fiducial markers, microCT imaging, and resolution down-sampling, the CyberKnife system can successfully perform small-animal radiotherapy studies.
<title>Electronically tunable mirror with surface plasmons</title> (1998)

Surface plasmon tunable filter is a new technology under development at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. This technology can also be used to build an electronically tunable mirror. When white light is incident on a metal/electro-optic material interface under certain conditions, surface plasmon waves can be excited at the interface. Photons in the wavelength range of the surface plasmon resonance will be converted into the energy of free electrons in the metal. When using nickel or a rhodium/aluminum bilayer as the metal, the bandwidth of the surface plasmon resonance can cover all of the visible spectrum. This surface plasmon resonance depends on the dielectric constants of both the metal and the electro-optic materials Therefore, application of a voltage to the electro optic material to change its dielectric constant can theoretically result in a change in the reflectivity of the interface from less than 0.5 percent to over 80 percent. The experimental results show a contrast ratio of 50:1 and a maximum reflection of 50 percent.
Clinical Trials Using Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Spinal Cord Injury: Challenges in Generating Evidence (2022)

Spinal cord injury (SCI) remains an important public health problem which often causes permanent loss of muscle strength, sensation, and function below the site of the injury, generating physical, psychological, and social impacts throughout the lives of the affected individuals, since there are no effective treatments available. The use of stem cells has been investigated as a therapeutic approach for the treatment of SCI. Although a significant number of studies have been conducted in pre-clinical and clinical settings, so far there is no established cell therapy for the treatment of SCI. One aspect that makes it difficult to evaluate the efficacy is the heterogeneity of experimental designs in the clinical trials that have been published. Cell transplantation methods vary widely among the trials, and there are still no standardized protocols or recommendations for the therapeutic use of stem cells in SCI. Among the different cell types, mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are the most frequently tested in clinical trials for SCI treatment. This study reviews the clinical applications of MSCs for SCI, focusing on the critical analysis of 17 clinical trials published thus far, with emphasis on their design and quality. Moreover, it highlights the need for more evidence-based studies designed as randomized controlled trials and potential challenges to be addressed in context of stem cell therapies for SCI.
Differential Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) and GnRH Receptor Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Expression Patterns in Different Tissues of the Female Rat across the Estrous Cycle (2005)

GnRH, the main regulator of reproduction, is produced in a variety of tissues outside of the hypothalamus, its main site of synthesis and release. We aimed to determine whether GnRH produced in the female rat pituitary and ovaries is involved in the processes leading to ovulation. We studied the expression patterns of GnRH and GnRH receptor (GnRH-R) in the same animals throughout the estrous cycle using real-time PCR. Hypothalamic levels of GnRH mRNA were highest at 1700 h on proestrus, preceding the preovulatory LH surge. No significant changes in the level of hypothalamic GnRH-R mRNA were detected, although fluctuations during the day of proestrus are evident. High pituitary GnRH mRNA was detected during the day of estrus, in the morning of diestrus 1, and at noon on proestrus. Pituitary GnRH-R displayed a similar pattern of expression, except on estrus, when its mRNA levels declined. Ovarian GnRH mRNA levels increased in the morning of diestrus 1 and early afternoon of proestrus. Here, too, GnRH-R displayed a somewhat similar pattern of expression to that of its ligand. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a GnRH expression pattern in the pituitary and ovary of any species. The different timings of the GnRH peaks in the three tissues imply differential tissue-specific regulation. We believe that the GnRH produced in the anterior pituitary and ovary could play a physiological role in the preparation of these organs for the midcycle gonadotropin surge and ovulation, respectively, possibly via local GnRH-gonadotropin axes.
Almost) No Cost Clock Synchronization (1986)

We show how synchronized clocks can be realized in a distributed system as a byproduct of a common communication paradigm where processors periodically perform broadcasts. Our approach decouples the precision concern-limiting how much correct clocks can differ from each other-and the accuracy concern-limiting how much any correct clock can differ from real time-of clock synchronization. Given a system that guarantees only precision, we develop a protocol whereby high accuracy can be achieved on demand. In this manner, the "lazy" protocol we obtain incurs the cost of high accuracy only when needed while keeping the basic synchronization procedure extremely simple and cheap.
Strong Local-Field Effect on the Dynamics of a Dilute Atomic Gas Irradiated by Two Counterpropagating Optical Fields: Beyond Standard Optical Lattices (2011)

We study a recent experiment [K. Li et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 250401 (2008)] on diffracting a Bose-Einstein condensate by two counterpropagating optical fields. Including the local-field effect, we explain the asymmetric momentum distribution and self-imaging of the Bose-Einstein condensate self-consistently. Moreover, we find that the two counterpropagating optical fields could not produce a perfect optical lattice, which is actually deformed by the local-field effect. Our work implies that the local-field effect could be essential for getting a better quantitative analysis of other optical lattice experiments. In particular, the intensity imbalance of the two optical fields could act as a new means to tailor both cold atom dynamics and light propagation.
ChemInform Abstract: MICELLAR EFFECTS ON THE OXIDATION OF OLEFINS BY PALLADIUM (1978)

Abstract Olefine (I) können in Gegenwart von Pd‐Verbindungen zu Ketonen (II) oxidiert werden.
Catechin from Burkea africana Hook. Exhibits in vitro inhibition of human telomerase activity (2020)

There has been an increasing interest in natural products with the ability to inhibit telomerase activity in tumour and cancerous cells. Green tea catechins have been reported previously to inhibit telomerase, but it was unknown whether catechins from other plant sources could exhibit this property. We isolated 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene-3,5,7-triol (catechin without the presence of a galloyl unit) from the stem bark of <i>B. africana</i>, and tested its ability to inhibit recombinant, partially purified telomerase produced in rabbit reticulocyte lysates. The <i>B. africana</i> catechin inhibited the telomere extension activity of telomerase with an IC<sub>50</sub> of approximately 4.7 µg/ml. This finding indicates that the galloyl unit may not be solely responsible for the inhibition of telomerase activity by catechins. This is the first report of the telomerase-inhibiting potential of catechin from the stem bark of <i>B. africana.</i>
Greedy dynamic routing on arrays (1995)

We study the problem of dynamic routing on arrays. We prove that a large class of greedy algorithms perform very well on average. In the dynamic case, when the arrival rate of packets in anN×Narray is at most 99% of network capacity, we establish an exponential bound on the tail of the delay distribution. Moreover, we show that in any window ofTsteps, the maximum queue-size isO(1+logT/logN) with high probability. We extend these results to the case of bit-serial routing, and to the static case. We also calculate the exact value of the ergodic expected delay and queue-sizes under the farthest first protocol for the one-dimensional array, and for the ring when the arrivals are Poisson.
Biomarker Development for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: From Discovery to Clinical Implementation (2015)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. Regrettably, there are no biomarkers to objectively diagnose COPD exacerbations, which are the major drivers of hospitalization and deaths from COPD. Moreover, there are no biomarkers to guide therapeutic choices or to risk stratify patients for imminent exacerbations and no objective biomarkers of disease activity or disease progression. Although there has been a tremendous investment in COPD biomarker discovery over the past 2 decades, clinical translation and implementation have not matched these efforts. In this article, we outline the challenges of biomarker development in COPD and provide an overview of a developmental pipeline that may be able to surmount these challenges and bring novel biomarker solutions to accelerate therapeutic discoveries and to improve the care and outcomes of the millions of individuals worldwide with COPD.
Raspberry PI Cluster System for Computer Generated Holography (2021)

We present an embedded implementation using the Raspberry-Pi cluster system for One-Step Phase-Retrieval hologram generation. The results indicate a promising direction towards a lower cost and more compact embedded hologram generation system.
End-to-End Compromised Account Detection (2018)

Social media, e.g. Twitter, has become a widely used medium for the exchange of information, but it has also become a valuable tool for hackers to spread misinformation through compromised accounts. Hence, detecting compromised accounts is a necessary step toward a safe and secure social media environment. Nevertheless, detecting compromised accounts faces several challenges. First, social media activities of users are temporally correlated which plays an important role in compromised account detection. Second, data associated with social media accounts is inherently sparse. Finally, social contagions where multiple accounts become compromised, take advantage of the user connectivity to propagate their attack. Thus how to represent each user's network features for compromised account detection is an additional challenge. To address these challenges, we propose an End-to-End Compromised Account Detection framework (E2ECAD). E2ECAD effectively captures temporal correlations via an LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) network. Further, it addresses the sparsity problem by defining and employing a user context representation. Meanwhile, informative network-related features are modeled efficiently. To verify the working of the framework, we construct a real-world dataset of compromised accounts on Twitter and conduct extensive experiments. The results of experiments show that E2ECAD outperforms the state of the art compromised account detection algorithms.
Mechanisms of [Ca2+]i Transient Decrease in Cardiomyopathy of db/db Type 2 Diabetic Mice (2006)

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the diabetic population. However, molecular mechanisms underlying diabetic cardiomyopathy remain unclear. We analyzed Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release and excitation-contraction coupling in db/db obese type 2 diabetic mice and their control littermates. Echocardiography showed a systolic dysfunction in db/db mice. Two-photon microscopy identified intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) transient decrease in cardiomyocytes within the whole heart, which was also found in isolated myocytes by confocal microscopy. Global [Ca2+]i transients are constituted of individual Ca2+ sparks. Ca2+ sparks in db/db cardiomyocytes were less frequent than in +/+ myocytes, partly because of a depression in sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ load but also because of a reduced expression of ryanodine receptor Ca2+ channels (RyRs), revealed by [3H]ryanodine binding assay. Ca2+ efflux through Na+/Ca2+ exchanger was increased in db/db myocytes. Calcium current, I(Ca), triggers sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release and is also involved in sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ refilling. Macroscopic I(Ca) was reduced in db/db cells, but single Ca2+ channel activity was similar, suggesting that diabetic myocytes express fewer functional Ca2+ channels, which was confirmed by Western blots. These results demonstrate that db/db mice show depressed cardiac function, at least in part, because of a general reduction in the membrane permeability to Ca2+. As less Ca2+ enters the cell through I(Ca), less Ca2+ is released through RyRs.