gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
dl-canaline and 5-fluoromethylornithine. Comparison of two inactivators of ornithine aminotransferase (1990)

5-Fluoromethylornithine (5FMOrn) is an enzyme-activated irreversible inhibitor or ornithine aminotransferase (L-ornithine:2-oxo-acid 5-aminotransferase, OAT). For purified rat liver OAT, Ki(app.) was found to be 30 microM. and tau 1/2 = 4 min. Of the four stereomers of 5FMOrn only one reacts with OAT. The formation of a chromophore with an absorption maximum at 458 nm after inactivation of OAT by 5FMOrn suggests the formation of an enamine intermediate, which is slowly hydrolysed to release an unsaturated ketone. L-Canaline [(S)-2-amino-4-amino-oxybutyric acid] is a well-known irreversible inhibitor of OAT. Not only the natural L-enantiomer but also the D-enantiomer reacts by oxime formation with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate in the active site of the enzyme, although considerably more slowly. This demonstrates that the stereochemistry at C-2 of ornithine is not absolutely stringent. In vitro, canaline reacted faster than 5FMOrn with OAT. In vivo, however, only incomplete OAT inhibition was observed with canaline. Whereas intraperitoneal administration of 10 mg of 5FMOrn/kg body wt. to mice was sufficient to inactivate OAT in brain and liver by 90% for 24 h, 500 mg of DL-canaline/kg body wt. only produced a transient inhibition of 65-70%. The accumulation of ornithine in these tissues was considerably slower and the maximum concentrations lower than were achieved with 5FMOrn. It appears that DL-canaline, in contrast with 5FMOrn, is not useful as a tool in studies of biological consequences of OAT inhibition.
Enzyme-enhanced CO2 absorption process in rotating packed bed (2018)

Carbon dioxide is considered the most important contributor to the global warming effect. To reduce greenhouse gas emissions, CO2 should be separated from the exhaust gas stream in a selective way. The most often applied technology to capture CO2 from exhaust gases is the reactive absorption in aqueous amine solutions, which is currently widely used in different industrial applications. The efficiency of this technology could be improved by applying high-gravity technologies that intensify mass transfer and can enable substantial equipment size reduction compared to the traditionally used packed columns. Rotating packed bed (RPB) technology meets these requirements very well. Applying innovative materials such as the highly efficient enzyme carbonic anhydrase can further improve the efficiency of the CO2 absorption process. This combination of intensified technology together with new solvents is expected to improve the total efficiency of CO2 absorption. In this study, we present our experimental results of CO2 absorption using 30 wt% N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) solution in water in an RPB unit with and without carbonic anhydrase for different gas and liquid flow rates. The results indicate significantly improved performance of CO2 absorption, up to 18 times compared to the solvent without enzyme.
A Medial Approach That Provides Ample Exposure of the Coronoid for Fracture Management (2023)

We describe a medial approach to the coronoid where the flexor-pronator mass is released from its humeral origin by creating a proximally based tendinous flap. This technique facilitates access to the coronoid, preservation of the medial collateral ligament origin, and repair of the flexor-pronator mass. This approach has utility for all coronoid fracture variations but especially the O'Driscoll anteromedial subtype 3, which includes fractures of the sublime tubercle, the anteromedial facet, and the coronoid tip.
TOWARDS UNSTEADY SIMULATION OF SEPARATION OF BOUNDARY LAYER (1999)

This paper presents unsteady simulations of an established laminar compressible boundary layer suddenly exposed to an adverse pressure gradient. The mean flow deceleration is imposed by the mean of a suction at the upper side of the computational domain. In the first part, the suction boundary condition is validated for the two dimensional laminar solution: results of Pauley et al. (1990) are recovered, and especially the threshold value of the pressure gradient for the steady separation to evolve towards an unsteady one, with periodic vortex shedding at the right frequency. In the second part, a large eddy simulation of the three dimensional case is presented and compared to the results of a quasi-equivalent direct numerical simulation performed by Spalart and Strelets (1997). Mean characteristics of the flow are recovered, and some statistics are produced. In the last part, we simulate the same case with the Spalart-Allmaras one equation turbulent model, which gives fairly good results, even though it evolves towards a steady state.
Transforming Growth Factor Beta3 is Required for Cardiovascular Development (2020)

Transforming growth factor beta3 (<i>TGFB3</i>) gene mutations in patients of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy (ARVD1) and Loeys-Dietz syndrome-5 (LDS5)/Rienhoff syndrome are associated with cardiomyopathy, cardiac arrhythmia, cardiac fibrosis, cleft palate, aortic aneurysms, and valvular heart disease. Although the developing heart of embryos express <i>Tgfb3</i>, its overarching role remains unclear in cardiovascular development and disease. We used histological, immunohistochemical, and molecular analyses of <i>Tgfb3</i><sup>-/-</sup> fetuses and compared them to wildtype littermate controls. The cardiovascular phenotypes were diverse with approximately two thirds of the <i>Tgfb3</i><sup>-/-</sup> fetuses having one or more cardiovascular malformations, including abnormal ventricular myocardium (particularly of the right ventricle), outflow tract septal and alignment defects, abnormal aortic and pulmonary trunk walls, and thickening of semilunar and/or atrioventricular valves. Ventricular septal defects (VSD) including the perimembranous VSDs were observed in <i>Tgfb3</i><sup>-/-</sup> fetuses with myocardial defects often accompanied by the muscular type VSD. <i>In vitro</i> studies using TGFβ3-deficient fibroblasts in 3-D collagen lattice formation assays indicated that TGFβ3 was required for collagen matrix reorganization. Biochemical studies indicated the 'paradoxically' increased activation of canonical (SMAD-dependent) and noncanonical (MAP kinase-dependent) pathways. TGFβ3 is required for cardiovascular development to maintain a balance of canonical and noncanonical TGFβ signaling pathways.
Aus eins mach zwei: Geodynamische Modelle beschreiben Südamerikas Trennung von Afrika (2016)

The South American continent as we know it formed during the break-up of West Gondwana between 150 and 110 million years ago, when the South Atlantic Rift system evolved into the South Atlantic ocean. Using state-of-the-art global tectonic reconstructions in conjunction with numerical and analytical modelling, we investigate the geodynamics of rift systems as they evolve into an ocean basin. We find that rifts initially stretch very slowly along the future splitting zone, but then move apart very quickly before the onset of rupture. In case of the split between South America and Africa, the divergence rate increased from initially 5 to 7 millimetres per year to over 40 millimetres per year within few million years. Intriguingly, abrupt rift acceleration did not only occur during the splitting of West Gondwana, but also during the separation of Australia and Antarctica, North America and Greenland, Africa and South America, in the North Atlantic or the South China Sea. We elucidate the underlying process by reproducing the rapid transition from slow to fast extension using analytical and numerical modelling with constant force boundary conditions. The mechanical models suggest that the two-phase velocity behaviour is caused by a rift-intrinsic strength–velocity feedback similar to a rope that snaps when pulled apart. This mechanism provides an explanation for several previously unexplained rapid absolute plate motion changes, offering new insights into the balance of plate driving forces through time.
NASA MANNED SPACECRAFT CENTER FACILITIES (1962)

Brief discussion of the nasa mercury, gemini and apollo space programs, and of the types of facilities planned for a manned spacecraft center
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF WELCH PRODUCTS RECYCLED RUBBER SPACER BLOCK (2003)

The Midwest Roadside Safety Facility was contracted by Will Stein of the Iowa Department of Transportation to conduct dynamic bogie testing of a recyclable rubber guardrail spacer block manufactured by Welch Products, Inc. The scope of the work included the setup of both a standard, wood guardrail post blockout and the Welch Products recycled rubber blockout on a standard W150x13.5 steel post, as well as two component tests using a bogie vehicle. The bogie tests were conducted in accordance with previously accepted procedures to evaluate the performance of guardrail post blockouts made of non-standard materials.
ChemInform Abstract: NUCLEOSIDES FROM CARBOHYDRATE ADDUCTS OF DIAMINOMALEONITRILE. A NOVEL SYNTHESIS OF 5‐AMINO‐1‐(β‐D‐RIBOFURANOSYL)IMIDAZOLE‐4‐CARBOXAMIDE AND 5‐AMINO‐1‐(β‐D‐RIBOPYRANOSYL)IMIDAZOLE‐4‐CARBOXAMIDE (1985)

Abstract Das aus dem Maleinsäurenitril (I) und dem Bromid (II) entstehende Addukt (III) wird entsprechend dem Formelschema regio‐ und stereoselektiv in das im Titel genannte Nucleosid (VII) übergeführt.
Valproate and HDAC Inhibition: A new epigenetic strategy to mitigate phenotypic severity in ALS? (2005)

"Valproate and HDAC Inhibition: A new epigenetic strategy to mitigate phenotypic severity in ALS?." Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, 6(3), pp. 185–186
A novel asymmetrical dual switch forward converter employing resonant reset technique for soft switching (2008)

To overcome the duty ratio limitation issue existing in dual switch forward converter (DSFC) and improve efficiency, a novel resonant reset asymmetrical DSFC was proposed, which, compared with the former resonant reset DSFCs, maintains the advantage of lowering voltage stress on each switch, at the same time, possesses the merits as duty ratio can exceed 50% and conventional PWM operation capability. In addition, ZVS transition for all switches under all conditions is achieved while the auxiliary circuit is comparatively simple and cost effective: no modification was made on the original transformer component. Therefore, the proposed topology can achieve high power density, lower manufacturing costs and has strong capability for high line and wide range input industrial applications where high efficiency requirement is tense. The detail operation principles, as well as the design considerations, were presented. A prototype aiming at telecom system of 200V–400V input, 48V output, whose highest conversion efficiency is 95.7%, was built to verify the validity and applicability of this topology.
Preventing medication errors in cancer chemotherapy (1996)

Recommendations for preventing medication errors in cancer chemotherapy are made. Before a health care provider is granted privileges to prescribe, dispense, or administer antineoplastic agents, he or she should undergo a tailored educational program and possibly testing or certification. Appropriate reference materials should be developed. Each institution should develop a dose-verification process with as many independent checks as possible. A detailed checklist covering prescribing, transcribing, dispensing, and administration should be used. Oral orders are not acceptable. All doses should be calculated independently by the physician, the pharmacist, and the nurse. Dosage limits should be established and a review process set up for doses that exceed the limits. These limits should be entered into pharmacy computer systems, listed on preprinted order forms, stated on the product packaging, placed in strategic locations in the institution, and communicated to employees. The prescribing vocabulary must be standardized. Acronyms, abbreviations, and brand names must be avoided and steps taken to avoid other sources of confusion in the written orders, such as trailing zeros. Preprinted antineoplastic drug order forms containing checklists can help avoid errors. Manufacturers should be encouraged to avoid or eliminate ambiguities in drug names and dosing information. Patients must be educated about all aspects of their cancer chemotherapy, as patients represent a last line of defense against errors. An interdisciplinary team at each practice site should review every medication error reported. Pharmacists should be involved at all sites where antineoplastic agents are dispensed. Although it may not be possible to eliminate all medication errors in cancer chemotherapy, the risk can be minimized through specific steps. Because of their training and experience, pharmacists should take the lead in this effort.
A technique for anodally blocking large nerve fibres through chronically implanted electrodes. (1980)

If a spinal root of a baboon or rhesus monkey is trapped in an initially loose-fitting silicone rubber channel containing two or more platinum electrodes, electrical pulses sent through these electrodes can stimulate nerve fibres close to the cathode and block the resulting impulses close to the anode. We show (1) how anodal break excitation and excitation of fibres outside the silicone rubber channel can be avoided; (2) that an implant 26 months old behaves like a recent one; (3) that in a root containing somatic motor fibres and parasympathetic fibres, all somatic motor fibres can be blocked and most or all parasympathetic fibres excited but not blocked; (4) that provided that the electrodes pass no net direct current, prolonged stimulation with block can be harmless; (5) how block can be achieved in one direction only along a root; (6) that a peripheral nerve can be blocked by the same techniques.
Cerebral infarction in a 24-year-old pilot. (2003)

Ischemic stroke is a rare event in young adults. We report on a 24-yr-old pilot with cerebral infarction of undetermined etiology, temporally associated with chain smoking. The patient exhibited dysphasia, stupor (confused consciousness), and right facial-nerve palsy. Computed-tomography revealed a low-density area in the left insular cortex. Cerebroangiography showed severe stenosis in a branch of the left middle cerebral artery. After admission, the patient made a rapid and uneventful recovery within 72 h. MRI showed an area of hyperintensity on T2-weighted images 2 mo after the attack. Based on the hyperintense area on FLAIR (fluid attenuated inversion recovery sequence) images obtained in MRI performed 10 mo after the attack, we diagnosed a cerebral infarction. In the Japan Air Self-Defense Force, cerebral infarction is an aeromedically disqualifying condition. However, in the evaluation 2 mo after the attack, differentiation from reversible ischemic neurological deficit was difficult. We discuss the criteria used for diagnosis and the risk factors for cerebral infarction in young adults, as well as the aeromedical disposition of young pilots.
The effect of cadmium on brain cells in culture (2009)

Cadmium is a long-living heavy metal, abundantly present in the environment, which accumulates in the body. In this study, we investigated the effects of cadmium on the expression of molecular chaperones, and of certain cell-specific proteins, in a variety of brain cell types in culture, namely primary cultures of rat cortical neurons and astrocytes, a brain capillary endothelial cell line (RB4E.B cells), and pheochromocytoma cells (PC12), induced or not to differentiate by NGF treatment. The metal induces a dose-dependent increase of Hsp70 in all cell types. Responses to the metal are cell-specific in the case of Hsc70 and Hsp90: i) in astrocytes, as well as in PC12 cells, cadmium has no significant effect; ii) in endothelial cells, an increase of both proteins is clearly observable from 20 microM cadmium; iii) both Hsp90 and Hsc70 decrease in neurons treated with high doses of cadmium. Damage to the cytoskeleton in treated cells was also evident. Finally, we report that the metal at high doses induces a decrease of PIPPin (also known as CSD-C2), a putative RNA-binding protein highly expressed in neurons and probably involved in the regulation of histone replacement variant expression.
Comprehensive genetic selection revealed essential bases in the peptidyl-transferase center (2006)

During protein synthesis, the ribosome catalyzes peptide-bond formation. Biochemical and structural studies revealed that conserved nucleotides in the peptidyl-transferase center (PTC) and its proximity may play a key role in peptide-bond formation; the exact mechanism involved remains unclear. To more precisely define the functional importance of the highly conserved residues, we used a systematic genetic method, which we named SSER (systematic selection of functional sequences by enforced replacement), that allowed us to identify essential nucleotides for ribosomal function from randomized rRNA libraries in Escherichia coli cells. These libraries were constructed by complete randomization of the critical regions in and around the PTC. The selected variants contained natural rRNA sequences from other organisms and organelles as well as unnatural functional sequences; hence providing insights into the functional roles played by these essential bases and suggesting how the universal catalytic mechanism of peptide-bond formation could evolve in all living organisms. Our results highlight essential bases and interactions, which are shaping the PTC architecture and guiding the motions of the tRNA terminus from the A to the P site, found to be crucial not only for the formation of the peptide bond but also for nascent chain elongation.
Comparison of Suture-Based and Collagen-Based Vascular Closure Devices for Large Bore Arteriotomies—A Meta-Analysis of Bleeding and Vascular Outcomes (2022)

Bleeding and vascular complications after large bore arteriotomy closure with collagen-based vascular closure devices are similar to suture-based vascular closure devices.
Increase in tumor necrosis factor‐α production linked to the toxicity of indomethacin for the rat small intestine (1998)

1. The toxic effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for the lower gastrointestinal tract share certain features with inflammatory processes, suggesting that the release of inflammation cytokines such as TNF-alpha may damage the intestine. 2. Rats received a s.c. injection of indomethacin. Then, jejunum-ileum was taken up for the quantification of ulcerations, production of TNF-alpha, nitrites and PGE2 ex vivo and activity of calcium-independent NO synthase and myeloperoxydase. Activation of NO metabolism and myeloperoxydase were measured as potential effectors of TNF-alpha. 3. Jejunum-ileum from rats having received indomethacin (10 mg kg(-1)) produced TNF-alpha ex vivo. Cytokine production was associated with the onset of macroscopic ulcerations of the small intestine, and preceded nitrite production and tissue activity of myeloperoxidase. 4. Similar intestinal ulcerations and upregulation of TNF-alpha were obtained with flurbiprofen (30 mg kg(-1)), chemically unrelated to indomethacin. 5. TNF-alpha production was proportional to the indomethacin dose (from 3-20 mg kg(-1)) and correlated with the surface area of ulcerations and nitrite production, 24 h after indomethacin administration. 6. Pretreatment of rats with RO 20-1724, a type-IV phosphodiesterase inhibitor which inhibits TNF-alpha synthesis, substantially reduced jejunum-ileum ulcerations, TNF-alpha and nitrite production and tissue enzyme activities. 7. These findings provide evidence that TNF-alpha is increased in indomethacin-induced intestinal ulcerations and support suggestions that TNF-alpha is involved at an early stage of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug toxicity for the small intestine.
ChemInform Abstract: Activating Platinum Anticancer Complexes with Visible Light. (2011)

Abstract Review: 17 refs.
A KBE System to Manage the Module Configuration Using the Corporate Knowledge (2002)

A key point, today, is the development of products that fulfil the individual customer needs as close as possible. The market trend, hence, is towards the customization. However, mass customization in itself introduces new demands on firms, these include improved product development processes, flexible manufacturing planning, and closer supply chain management. The goal of our research is the identification of an approach (method and technology) for the design of product families that can be configured for the needs of SME's. The objective of the present work, in particular, has been the development of a KAE system application to shorten the time of module configuration phase (instantiation) aiding the designer decision-making activity.
Edge Grouping Combining Boundary and Region Information (2007)

This paper introduces a new edge-grouping method to detect perceptually salient structures in noisy images. Specifically, we define a new grouping cost function in a ratio form, where the numerator measures the boundary proximity of the resulting structure and the denominator measures the area of the resulting structure. This area term introduces a preference towards detecting larger-size structures and, therefore, makes the resulting edge grouping more robust to image noise. To find the optimal edge grouping with the minimum grouping cost, we develop a special graph model with two different kinds of edges and then reduce the grouping problem to finding a special kind of cycle in this graph with a minimum cost in ratio form. This optimal cycle-finding problem can be solved in polynomial time by a previously developed graph algorithm. We implement this edge-grouping method, test it on both synthetic data and real images, and compare its performance against several available edge-grouping and edge-linking methods. Furthermore, we discuss several extensions of the proposed method, including the incorporation of the well-known grouping cues of continuity and intensity homogeneity, introducing a factor to balance the contributions from the boundary and region information, and the prevention of detecting self-intersecting boundaries.
Spectrum sharing between public safety and commercial users in 4G-LTE (2014)

In this paper, we consider resource allocation optimization problem in fourth generation long term evolution (4G-LTE) for public safety and commercial users running elastic or inelastic traffic. Each mobile user can run delay-tolerant or real-time applications. In our proposed model, each user equipment (UE) is assigned a utility function that represents the application type running on the UE. Our objective is to allocate the resources from a single evolved node B (eNodeB) to each user based on the user application that is represented by the utility function assigned to that user. We consider two groups of users, one represents public safety users with elastic or inelastic traffic and the other represents commercial users with elastic or inelastic traffic. The public safety group is given priority over the commercial group and within each group the inelastic traffic is prioritized over the elastic traffic. Our goal is to guarantee a minimum quality of service (QoS) that varies based on the user type, the user application type and the application target rate. A rate allocation algorithm is presented to allocate the eNodeB resources optimally among public safety and commercial users. Finally, the simulation results are presented on the performance of the proposed rate allocation algorithm.