gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of a Soil Amendment for Controlling Fusarium Wilt of Cucumber caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum (1996)

In order to find out effect on the inorganic and organic compounds as a soil amendment to control Fusarium wilt of cucumber caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum, this study was conducted during the last two years from 1993 to 1995. According to add 14 inorganic chemicals (1%, w/v) including individually in vitro, these chemicals were confirmed their suppression, and especially Alum, CaO and suppressed not only percent on mycelial growth of the fungus, but also inhibited on conidial germination. suppressed mycelial growth only, while KCl, , and Urea suppressed conidial germination. The 7 chemicals were finally seleced. Composted pine bark (CPB) suppressed definely more than 90% on conidial germination in the different extract concentration (2,5 and 10%), although mycelial growth on extract medium of CPB and milled alfalfa leaves (MAL) were not remarkable. The antagonist Trichoderma sp. (Tr-3) mixed with an amended soil (1%, w/w) containing composted pine bark showed a good mycelial growth to compete the causal fungus. And the antagonist Pseudomonas sp. (7-1-3) was also confirmed its antagonistic ability with culture filterate. It is known that a CPB soil amendment mixed with the two antagonists (1%, w/w) controlled almost completely Fusarium wilt of cucumber in greenhouse pots and a field experiment. It is therefore expected that biocontrol on Fusarium wilt of cucumber by a soil amendment can be applied to farmmer's fields.
Generation of Circularly Permuted Fluorescent-Protein-Based Indicators for In Vitro and In Vivo Detection of Citrate (2013)

Indicators for citrate, particularly those applicable to its in vivo detection and quantitation, have attracted much interest in both biochemical studies and industrial applications since citrate is a key metabolic intermediate playing important roles in living cells. We generated novel fluorescence indicators for citrate by fusing the circularly permuted fluorescent protein (cpFP) and the periplasmic domain of the bacterial histidine kinase CitA, which can bind to citrate with high specificity. The ratiometric fluorescent signal change was observed with one of these cpFP-based indicators, named CF98: upon addition of citrate, the excitation peak at 504 nm increased proportionally to the decrease in the peak at 413 nm, suitable for build-in quantitative estimation of the binding compound. We confirmed that CF98 can be used for detecting citrate in vitro at millimolar levels in the range of 0.1 to 50 mM with high selectivity; even in the presence of other organic acids such as isocitrate and malate, the fluorescence intensity of CF98 remains unaffected. We finally demonstrated the in vivo applicability of CF98 to estimation of the intracellular citrate concentration in Escherichia coli co-expressing the genes encoding CF98 and the citrate carrier CitT. The novel indicator CF98 can be a specific and simple detection tool for citrate in vitro and a non-invasive tool for real-time estimation of intracellular concentrations of the compound in vivo.
Synthesis and some properties of PVC‐bound dimethylglyoxime complexes of Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) (1989)

Abstract Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) has been reacted with dimethylglyoxime (DMG) in THF to form the PVC–DMG comples, which has been characterized by spectroscopic and elemental analyses. The latter indicate that there is one DMG moiety anchored on the PVC chain by displacing every 12th Cl atom in the chain. PVC–DMG has further been reacted with alcoholic solutions of Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) to form the intensely colored PVC–DMG–M(II) complexes. The structures of these complexes have been analyzed by elemental and IR spectral analyses. The overall thermal stability of PVC–DMG–M(II) increases in the order: PVC &lt; PVC–DMG–Cu(II) &lt; PVC–DMG–Ni(II) &lt; PVC–DMG–Co(II). The electrical conductivities are also significantly enhanced in the same order. The permittivities of these complexes are high relative to PVC at low frequency falling gradually with increasing frequency and the dielectric loss‐frequency behavior is very broad.
The 3D Genome Browser: a web-based browser for visualizing 3D genome organization and long-range chromatin interactions (2018)

Here, we introduce the 3D Genome Browser, http://3dgenome.org , which allows users to conveniently explore both their own and over 300 publicly available chromatin interaction data of different types. We design a new binary data format for Hi-C data that reduces the file size by at least a magnitude and allows users to visualize chromatin interactions over millions of base pairs within seconds. Our browser provides multiple methods linking distal cis-regulatory elements with their potential target genes. Users can seamlessly integrate thousands of other omics data to gain a comprehensive view of both regulatory landscape and 3D genome structure.
PP/clay nanocomposites: Effect of clay treatment on morphology and dynamic mechanical properties (2001)

Abstract The morphology and properties of polypropylene (PP)/clay nanocomposites are described. The melt intercalation of organophilic clay was carried out with a single‐screw extruder. The effects of two kinds of treatments of clay are discussed. Maleic anhydride (MAH)‐grafted PP was used as a compatibilizer. The expansion of the intergallery distance of the clay was governed by the interaction between the clay treatment and the compatibilizer. In one case, the composites exhibited significantly reduced intensities of diffraction peaks, suggesting partial exfoliation of the clay layers, whereas for the second clay sample, expansion of the gallery height was noted. The mechanical properties of the PP/clay composites showed significant enhancement in their mechanical and thermal properties. About a 35% increase in the tensile modulus and about a 10% increase in the tensile strength were observed. The thermal degradation temperature increased from 270 to about 400°C as a result of the incorporation of clay, and the extent depended on the dispersion of clay in the composite. The most interesting outcome of this study was the changes in morphology for PP/clay composites, which are reported here for the first time. An optical microscopic study revealed that the PP/clay composites could be crystallized at higher temperatures than pure PP and that the morphology was remarkably altered because of the presence of layers of clay. © 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 1786–1792, 2001
Riboflavin deficiency and severity of malaria. (1988)

The riboflavin status of 64 children suffering from malarial infection was assessed by measuring the activation coefficient of erythrocyte glutathione reductase. Thirty-five children were found to be deficient in riboflavin whereas in 29 children riboflavin status was within the normal range. The median parasite count and its range on admission in the deficient group (2.7 per cent, range 0.3-13.6) was lower than that in the non-deficient group (5.3 per cent, range 0.6-30.2). The correlation between activity coefficient and parasite count was significant (R = -0.49). The recovery process was slower in the deficient group even though they had a relatively lower parasite count. It is inferred that riboflavin deficiency leads to inhibition of growth and multiplication of plasmodia. Its beneficial effects in malaria infection needs further evaluation.
Effects of wrist position on eccentric exercise‐induced muscle damage of the elbow flexors (2021)

We tested the hypothesis that the magnitude of changes in indirect muscle damage markers would be greater after maximal elbow flexor eccentric exercise in the supinated (shorter biceps brachii) than neutral wrist (longer) position, and the difference in the magnitude would be associated with greater elongation over contractions for the supinated than neutral position, rather than the initial muscle length. Ten untrained men (21-39 years) performed two bouts of 10 sets of 6 maximal isokinetic eccentric contractions of the elbow flexors in the supinated position for one arm and neutral position for the other arm separated by 2 weeks in a randomized order. Biceps brachii myotendinous junction (MTJ) movements during eccentric contractions were recorded by B-mode ultrasonography, and the displacement from the start to end of each contraction was quantified. Peak torque (supinated: 367.8 ± 112.5 Nm, neutral: 381.5 ± 120.4 Nm) and total work (1816 ± 539 J, 1865 ± 673 J) produced during eccentric contractions were similar between conditions. The average MTJ displacement increased (P < .05) from the 1st set (8.0 ± 2.0 mm) to 10th set (15.8 ± 1.9 mm) for the supinated condition, but no such increase was found in the neutral condition (1st set: 5.1 ± 1.0 mm, 10th set: 5.0 ± 0.8 mm). Changes in indirect muscle damage markers (maximal voluntary isometric contraction torque, range of motion, serum creatine kinase activity, and muscle soreness) after exercise were greater (P < .05) for the supinated than neutral condition. These results suggest that the greater muscle damage marker changes for the supinated than neutral wrist position was associated with the greater muscle lengthening (strain).
Ideal Cardiovascular Health (2014)

Background— The American Heart Association Cardiovascular Health score (CVH score) is inversely associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence, but the mechanisms underlying this association warrant exploration. Methods and Results— We related the CVH score to circulating biomarkers and prevalent subclinical CVD (defined as ≥1 of the following: increased carotid intima-media thickness or stenosis, left ventricular hypertrophy [by ECG or echocardiography], left ventricular systolic dysfunction, microalbuminuria, and a reduced ankle-brachial index) in 2680 Framingham Study participants (mean age, 58 years; 55% women). After adjustment for age and sex, an ideal CVH score (nonsmoking status, ideal body mass index, regular physical activity, healthy diet, and an optimal profile of serum cholesterol, blood pressure, and glucose; 1 point for each) was associated with higher circulating concentrations of natriuretic peptides (N-terminal pro-atrial natriuretic peptide and B-type natriuretic peptide) and lower blood concentrations of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, aldosterone, C-reactive protein, D-dimer, fibrinogen, homocysteine, and growth differentiation factor-15 levels ( P &lt;0.001 for all), as well as lower odds of subclinical disease (odds ratio, 0.74 per 1-unit increase in CVH score; 95% confidence interval, 0.68–0.80). The incidence of CVD (267 events over 16 years) was inversely associated with the CVH score in age- and sex-adjusted models (hazard ratio, 0.77 per 1-unit increase in CVH score; 95% confidence interval, 0.70–0.86), which was slightly attenuated upon adjustment for biomarkers and subclinical disease (hazard ratio, 0.87; 95% confidence interval, 0.78–0.97). Conclusion— In our prospective community-based study, the inverse association between an ideal cardiovascular health score and CVD incidence was partly attributable to its favorable impact on CVD biomarker levels and subclinical disease.
Pro-Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (ProGnRH) and GnRH Content in the Preoptic Area and the Basal Hypothalamus of Anterior Medial Preoptic Nucleus/Suprachiasmatic Nucleus-Lesioned Persistent Estrous Rats* (1990)

The content of GnRH and its precursor peptide were quantified in female rats bearing lesions in the anterior medial preoptic nucleus (AMPO) and the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), and the effects of the lesions on the synthetic activity of the GnRH neurons were evaluated. Electrolytic lesions which induced persistent estrous (PE), or irregular estrous cycles, were produced by passing 5-10 microA of direct current into the AMPO or the SCN of female rats which exhibited regular 4 days estrous cycles before the lesions. Approximately 5 weeks after lesion placement, blood samples were withdrawn from catheterized, freely moving animals and plasma LH, PRL, estrogen, and progesterone were determined by RIA. The preovulatory surges of LH and PRL were eliminated in AMPO- or SCN-lesioned PE rats. Moreover, the LH surge was eliminated and the PRL surge significantly attenuated after estrogen and progesterone treatment of rats bearing complete lesions, irrespective of the presence of ovaries. Irregular cycling animals with incomplete AMPO or SCN lesions, exhibited attenuated LH surge and PRL surge similar to proestrous controls. In one incidence this occurred spontaneously, and could also be induced by sequential estrogen and progesterone injections. After ovariectomy, plasma LH levels were significantly lower in the lesioned animals as compared to sham operated rats (P less than 0.05). Similar secretory patterns of LH and PRL were obtained from a second series of sham-operated rats during the different stages of the estrous cycle or from AMPO- or SCN-lesioned rats during persistent estrus. After 2 months the animals were killed between 0830 and 0930 h, and the preoptic area and the basal hypothalamus were microdissected from the brain sections. After extraction and purification, proGnRH and GnRH levels were measured by RIA. ProGnRH levels in the preoptic area were significantly reduced in AMPO- or in SCN-lesioned rats, compared to proestrous controls (P less than 0.01). In contrast, GnRH levels in either area did not differ in AMPO- or in SCN-lesioned animals compared to sham-operated, proestrous controls. Therefore, lesions of the AMPO or the SCN produce PE and reduce proGnRH without reducing GnRH levels. These data would suggest that the AMPO and the SCN participate in the control of the estrous cycle and are necessary for preovulatory surges of PRL and LH to occur and that the AMPO and the SCN form part of the neural circuit that regulates GnRH synthesis and/or release.
Cloning and functional studies of a splice variant of CYP26B1 : a cellular storage protein for all-trans retinoic acid (2010)

BackgroundAll-trans retinoic acid (atRA) plays an essential role in the regulation of gene expression, cell growth and differentiation and is also important for normal cardiovascular development but may in turn be involved in cardiovascular diseases, i.e. atherosclerosis and restenosis. The cellular atRA levels are under strict control involving several cytochromes P450 isoforms (CYPs). CYP26 may be the most important regulator of atRA catabolism in vascular cells. The present study describes the molecular cloning, characterization and function of atRA-induced expression of a spliced variant of the CYP26B1 gene.Methodology/Principal FindingsThe coding region of the spliced CYP26B1 lacking exon 2 was amplified from cDNA synthesized from atRA-treated human aortic smooth muscle cells and sequenced. Both the spliced variant and full length CYP26B1 was found to be expressed in cultured human endothelial and smooth muscle cells, and in normal and atherosclerotic vessel. atRA induced both variants of CYP26B1 in cultured vascular cells. Furthermore, the levels of spliced mRNA transcript were 4.5 times higher in the atherosclerotic lesion compared to normal arteries and the expression in the lesions was increased 20-fold upon atRA treatment. The spliced CYP26B1 still has the capability to degrade atRA, but at an initial rate one-third that of the corresponding full length enzyme. Transfection of COS-1 and THP-1 cells with the CYP26B1 spliced variant indicated either an increase or a decrease in the catabolism of atRA, probably depending on the expression of other atRA catabolizing enzymes in the cells.Conclusions/SignificanceVascular cells express the spliced variant of CYP26B1 lacking exon 2 and it is also increased in atherosclerotic lesions. The spliced variant displays a slower and reduced degradation of atRA as compared to the full-length enzyme. Further studies are needed, however, to clarify the substrate specificity and role of the CYP26B1 splice variant in health and disease.
Circulating Mesenchymal Stem Cells Microparticles in Patients with Cerebrovascular Disease (2012)

Preclinical and clinical studies have shown that the application of CD105(+) mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is feasible and may lead to recovery after stroke. In addition, circulating microparticles are reportedly functional in various disease conditions. We tested the levels of circulating CD105(+) microparticles in patients with acute ischemic stroke. The expression of CD105 (a surface marker of MSCs) and CXCR4 (a CXC chemokine receptor for MSC homing) on circulating microparticles was evaluated by flow cytometry of samples from 111 patients and 50 healthy subjects. The percentage of apoptotic CD105 microparticles was determined based on annexin V (AV) expression. The relationship between serum levels of CD105(+)/AV(-) microparticles, stromal cells derived factor-1α (SDF-1α), and the extensiveness of cerebral infarcts was also evaluated. CD105(+)/AV(-) microparticles were higher in stroke patients than control subjects. Correlation analysis showed that the levels of CD105(+)/AV(-) microparticles increased as the baseline stroke severity increased. Multivariate testing showed that the initial severity of stroke was independently associated with circulating CD105(+)/AV(-) microparticles (OR, 1.103 for 1 point increase in the NIHSS score on admission; 95% CI, 1.032-1.178) after adjusting for other variables. The levels of CD105(+)/CXCR4(+)/AV(-) microparticles were also increased in patients with severe disability (r = 0.192, p = 0.046 for NIHSS score on admission), but were decreased with time after stroke onset (r = -0.204, p = 0.036). Risk factor profiles were not associated with the levels of circulating microparticles or SDF-1α. In conclusion, our data showed that stroke triggers the mobilization of MSC-derived microparticles, especially in patients with extensive ischemic stroke.
DELTA: a simple and efficient parallel robot (1990)

Summary The DELTA parallel robot, designed by an EPFL (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne) research team, is a mechanical structure which has the advantage of parallel robots and ease of serial robots modeling. This paper presents solutions for a complete modeling of the DELTA parallel robot (direct and inverse kinematics, inverse statics, inverse dynamics), with few arithmetic and trigonometric operations. Our method is based on a satisfactory choice of kinematic parameters and on a few restricting hypotheses for the static and dynamic models. We give some details of each model, we present some computation results and we put the emphasis on some particular points, showing the capabilities of this mechanical structure.
Potential and Challenge of Ankylography (2011)

The concept of ankylography, which under certain circumstances enables 3D structure determination from a single view [1], had ignited a lively debate even before its publication [2,3]. Since then, a number of readers requested the ankylographic reconstruction codes from us. To facilitate a better understanding of ankylography, we posted the source codes of the ankylographic reconstruction on a public website and encouraged interested readers to download the codes and test the method [4]. Those who have tested our codes confirm that the principle of ankylography works. Furthermore, our mathematical analysis and numerical simulations suggest that, for a continuous object with array size of 14x14x14 voxels, its 3D structure can usually be reconstructed from the diffraction intensities sampled on a spherical shell of 1 voxel thick [4]. In some cases where the object does not have very dense structure, ankylography can be applied to reconstruct its 3D image with array size of 25x25x25 voxels [4]. What remains to be elucidated is how to extend ankylography to the reconstruction of larger objects, and what further theoretical, experimental and algorithm developments will be necessary to make ankylography a practical and useful imaging tool. Here we present our up-to-date understanding of the potential and challenge of ankylography. Further, we clarify some misconceptions on ankylography, and respond to technical comments raised by Wei [5] and Wang et al. [6] Finally, it is worthwhile to point out that the potential for recovering 3D information from the Fourier coefficients within a spherical shell may also find application in other fields.
The rad3+ gene of Schizosaccharomyces pombe is involved in multiple checkpoint functions and in DNA repair. (1992)

A number of important molecular checkpoints are believed to control the orderly progression of cell cycle events. We have found that the radiation-sensitive Schizosaccharomyces pombe mutant rad3-136 is deficient in two molecular checkpoint functions. Unlike wild-type cells, the mutant cells are unable to arrest in the G2 phase of the cell cycle after DNA damage by gamma-irradiation and are also incapable of maintaining the dependence of mitosis upon the completion of DNA synthesis. An S. pombe genomic clone that complements the UV sensitivity of the rad3-136 mutant completely restores the missing checkpoint functions. The rad3+ gene is also likely to play a role in DNA repair.
GraphMCS: Discover the Unknown in Large Data Graphs (2014)

Graph databases implementing the property graph model provide schema-flexible storage and support complex, expressive queries like shortest path, reachability, and graph isomorphism queries. However, both the flexibility and expressiveness in these queries come with additional costs: queries can result in an unexpected, empty answer. To understand the reason of an empty answer, a user normally has to create alternative queries, which is a cumbersome and time-consuming task. To address this, we introduce di↵-queries, a new kind of graph queries, that give an answer about which part of a query graph is represented in a data graph and which part is missing. We propose a new algorithm for processing di↵-queries, which detects maximum common subgraphs between a query graph and a data graph and computes the di↵erence between them. In addition, we present several extensions and optimizations for an established maximum common subgraph algorithm for processing property graphs, which are the foundation of state of the art graph databases.
Aspectos prácticos de la producción ganadera en el marco de la norma de calidad (2003)

The plasma concentrations of free fatty acids (FFA), glycerol and insulin as well as the blood glucose concentration have been followed in two groups of subjects after infusions of theophyllamine. Each individual was examined twice. The 5 subjects in group 2 were given an infusion of norepinephrine before the theophyllamine at one of the examinations and saline at the other. The 6 subjects in group II were given an infusion of norephinephrine at both examinations, followed by theophyllamine on one occasion and by saline on the other. Thus, the subjects in both groups served as their own controls. It was found that theophyllamine caused lipid mobilization, as measured by the plasma FFA and plasma glycerol concentrations, both when given as the only active drug and when given after norepinephrine. The blood glucose concentration rose slightly after norepinephrine and the plasma insulin level increased concomittantly. When theophylline was given as the only active drug, there was no increase in the blood glucose but the plasma insulin concentration rose slightly.
Characterization of Generalizability of Spike Timing Dependent Plasticity trained Spiking Neural Networks (2021)

A Spiking Neural Network (SNN) is trained with Spike Timing Dependent Plasticity (STDP), which is a neuro-inspired unsupervised learning method for various machine learning applications. This paper studies the generalizability properties of the STDP learning processes using the Hausdorff dimension of the trajectories of the learning algorithm. The paper analyzes the effects of STDP learning models and associated hyper-parameters on the generalizability properties of an SNN. The analysis is used to develop a Bayesian optimization approach to optimize the hyper-parameters for an STDP model for improving the generalizability properties of an SNN.