gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of Oligomeric Mannose-6-phosphonate Conjugates for Targeted Protein Degradation (2023)

Lysosome targeting chimeras (LYTACs) are a new protein degradation strategy that has recently emerged. LYTACs utilize the native cell internalization process in the body to target and degrade therapeutically relevant extracellular proteins via the lysosomal pathways. The first lysosomal internalization receptor recently used for LYTACs is the mannose-6-phosphate receptor (M6PR). M6PR is expressed across most cell types, making it ideal for internalization and degradation of numerous extracellular proteins. Herein, we report the development of a series of structurally well-defined mannose-6-phosphonate (M6Pn)-peptide conjugates that are capable of linking to a variety of targeting ligands for proteins of interest and successfully internalizing and degrading those proteins through M6PR. This will greatly facilitate the development of M6Pn based LYTACs for therapeutic applications.
HIGHLY CONCENTRATED NEBULAR NOBLE GASES IN POROUS NANOCARBON SEPARATES FROM THE SARATOV (L4) METEORITE (2013)

The majority of heavy noble gases (Ar, Kr, and Xe) in primitive meteorites are stored in a poorly understood phase called Q. Although Q is thought to be carbonaceous, the full identity of the phase has remained elusive for almost four decades. In order to better characterize phase Q and, in turn, the early solar nebula, we separated carbon-rich fractions from the Saratov (L4) meteorite. We chose this meteorite because Q is most resistant in thermal alteration among carbonaceous noble gas carriers in meteorites and we hoped that, in this highly metamorphosed meteorite, Q would be present but not diamond: these two phases are very difficult to separate from each other. One of the fractions, AJ, has the highest 132Xe concentration of 2.1 × 10−6 cm3 STP g−1, exceeding any Q-rich fractions that have yet been analyzed. Transmission electron microscopy studies of the fraction AJ and a less Q-rich fraction AI indicate that they both are primarily porous carbon that consists of domains with short-range graphene orders, with variable packing in three dimensions, but no long-range graphitic order. The relative abundance of Xe and C atoms (6:109) in the separates indicates that individual noble gas atoms are associated with only a minor component of the porous carbon, possibly one or more specific arrangements of the nanoparticulate graphene.
Iron-Mediated AGET ATRP of Styrene in the Presence of Catalytic Amounts of Base (2010)

The first example of atom tramsfer radical polymerization using activators generated by electron transfer (AGET ATRP) of styrene in bulk and solution was investigated in the presence of catalytic amounts of NaOH or Fe(OH)3, using FeCl3·6H2O as the catalyst, (1-bromoethyl)benzene (PEBr) as the initiator, vitamin C (VC) as the reducing agent, and a cheap and commercially available tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBABr) or tetra-n-butylphosphonium bromide (TBPBr) as the ligand. It was found that both the polymerization rate and controllability over molecular weights and molecular weight distributions (∼1.2) of the resultant polymers could be enhanced in the presence of the catalytic amounts of base as compared with those without base. For example, the polymerization rate of bulk AGET ATRP with a molar ratio of [St]0/[PEBr]0/[FeCl3·6H2O]0/[TBABr]0/[VC]0/[NaOH]0 = 250/1/1/2/2/1.5 using NaOH as the additive was much faster than that without NaOH. The former was 3.5 times the latter. Furthermore, the polymerization of styrene could be successfully carried out even in the conditions when the amount of iron salts, FeCl3·6H2O as the catalyst, reduced to ppm level.
ChemInform Abstract: Metalloporphyrin Catalyzed Oxidation of N‐Hydroxyguanidines: A Biomimetic Model for the H2O2‐Dependent Activity of Nitric Oxide Synthase. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Enriching geometric digital twins of buildings with small objects by fusing laser scanning and AI-based image recognition (2022)

This paper addresses the challenge of enriching geometric digital twins of buildings, with a particular emphasis on capturing small but important entities from the electrical and the fire-safety domain, such as signs, sockets, switches, smoke alarms, etc. Unlike most previous research that focussed on structural elements and processed laser point clouds and images separately, we propose a novel method that fuses laser scanning and photogrammetry methods to capture the relevant objects, recognise them in 2D images and then map these to a 3D space. The considered object classes include electrical elements (light switch, light, speaker, socket, elevator button), safety elements (emergency switch, smoke alarm, fire extinguisher, escape sign), plumbing system elements (pipes), and other objects with useful information (door sign, board). Semantic information like class labels is extracted by applying AI-based image segmentation and then mapped to the 3D point cloud, segmenting the point cloud into point clusters. We subsequently fit geometric primitives to the point clusters and extract text information by AI-based text detection and recognition. The final output of our proposed method is an information-rich digital twin of buildings that contains geometric information, semantic information such as object categories and useful text information which is valuable in many aspects, like condition monitoring, facility maintenance and management. In summary, the paper presents a nearly fully-automated pipeline to enrich a geometric digital twin of buildings with details and provides a comprehensive case study.
Characterization of a pre-S polypeptide on the surfaces of infectious avian hepadnavirus particles (1987)

DNA from the pre-S region of the duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) genome was inserted into an open reading frame vector designed to give high-level expression in Escherichia coli. The resulting fusion protein contained the first 8 amino acids of beta-galactosidase, 86 amino acids of the DHBV pre-S region, and 219 amino acids of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase at the C terminus (beta-gal:pre-S:CAT). Rabbit antiserum against purified beta-gal:pre-S:CAT was used to identify pre-S-containing polypeptides in DHBV particles by Western blotting. A dominant species of 36 kilodaltons (kDa) was identified. Antiserum against the major 17-kDa DHBsAg polypeptide also reacted with the 36-kDa protein. This suggests that the DHBV envelope gene polypeptides share the same carboxyl terminus, but differ in the sites from which translation is initiated. N-linked carbohydrate was not detected on either the 17- or 36-kDa envelope proteins. Anti-beta-gal:pre-S:CAT abolished infectivity of the virus in an in vitro assay. Thus, the pre-S region is exposed on the surfaces of infectious virions and may be directly involved in binding of virus to host-cell receptors.
Evolutionary conservation of the AU-rich 3'untranslated region of messenger RNA. (1994)

AU-rich sequence motifs (specifically sequences containing reiterations of AUUUA) are found in the 3' untranslated region of mammalian mRNAs encoding cytokines, adhesion molecules, and protooncogenes. Because these AU-rich elements (3'AURE) have been observed to reduce the stability and translational efficiency of transcripts that contain them, and because many of these transcripts accumulate in cells exposed to inflammatory stimuli, we reasoned that mRNAs with 3'AURE may be highly conserved and that the AURE is a marker of mRNAs that are inducible by environmental stressors. To test this hypothesis, we developed a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) strategy to isolate specifically mRNAs with 3'AURE. We first validated the effectiveness of this approach by selectively amplifying two mRNAs containing 3'AURE from interleukin 1 (IL-1)-induced human endothelial cells, then used the same primers in reverse transcriptase-PCR of sea urchin RNA, and used the radiolabeled reaction products to screen a cDNA library prepared from endotoxin-exposed sea urchin coelomocytes. We identified 124 positive clones and isolated a 1608-base-pair fragment that contains an AU-rich consensus sequence upstream from a poly(A) tail. This sea urchin transcript hybridizes with immobilized poly(A)(+)-selected RNA prepared from living coelomocytes maintained in vitro for 8.5-13 h but not with RNA prepared from freshly harvested coelomocytes. Our results provide support for the growing body of evidence that 3' AURE are both conserved and functional and indicate further that isolation and short-term in vitro culture of sea urchin coelomocytes is sufficient to induce the expression of transcripts containing 3'AURE.
Urban Fleet Monitoring with GPS and GLONASS (1998)

The increasing volume of traffic in urban areas has resulted in steady growth of the mean driving time on fixed routes. Longer driving times lead to significantly higher transportation costs, particularly for vehicle fleets, where efficiency in the distribution of their transport tasks is important in staying competitive in the market. For bus fleets, the optimal control and command of the vehicles is, as well as the economic requirements, a basic function of their general mission. The Global Positioning System ( GPS ) allows reliable and accurate positioning of public transport vehicles except within the physical limitations imposed by built-up city ‘urban canyons’. With a view to the next generation of satellite positioning systems for public transport fleet management, this paper highlights the limitations imposed on current GPS systems operating in the urban canyon. The capabilities of a future positioning system operating in this type of environment are discussed. It is suggested that such a system could comprise receivers capable of integrating the Global Positioning System ( GPS ) and the Russian equivalent, the Global Navigation Satellite System ( GLONASS ), and relatively cheap dead-reckoning sensors.
Impact of diabetes mellitus on the long-term prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatectomy (2022)

DM is an independent risk factor for long-term prognosis in patients with HCC. Patients with DM after hepatectomy for HCC, thus, need to actively control DM and closer follow-up.
HUMAN MONOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS: AN EMERGING PATHOGEN IN TRANSPLANTATION (2001)

Although human ehrlichioses are relatively uncommon, they are emerging as clinically significant arthropod-borne infections. Although epidemiological exposure is responsible for infection, immunosuppression makes patients more likely to succumb to disease. A high index of suspicion and early treatment results in a favorable outcome.
Effect of lithium impurity on the opto-electrical properties of zinc oxide films (2003)

Lithium-doped zinc oxide (ZnO) films were prepared on C-plane sapphire substrates by the e-beam deposition technique in vacuum. The dependences of the optical absorption edge characteristics, structural, and photoelectrical properties on Li content (from 0 to 10 at.%) were investigated. It is found that the variations of the energy bandgap Eg, the spread in the tail of the band edge (parameter E0), the electrical resistivity ρ, and the lattice constant c with impurity concentration do not have monotonic character. Abrupt jumps of the optical and electrical characteristics were observed as the impurity concentration changed near 0.8 at.% Li. The significant enhancement of photoconductivity response for 0.8 at.% Li-doped ZnO films also correlates with the enhanced electrical resistivity up to 2 × 106 Ω cm and the appearance of a photoinjection current. (© 2003 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Le cerveau ultime obstacle à la cybersécurité (2017)

info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
ChemInform Abstract: Transformative Syntheses of Fluorinated Heterocyclics Using a Difluorohomopropargylic Template (2010)

Abstract Review: 45 refs.
Water Quality Modeling of Stratification Lake Using WASP6 Model (2006)

In this study, WASP6 was used to predict the water quality of the reservoir and the lake. This can help the managers make the right choice of water quality policy. The results through studying are below. Raw pollutant load caused by the tourists in pollutant load of the study area takes 91.66% and 92.75% in total amount T-N, T-P. It showed high value when compared to raw pollutant load by land and stock farm and it seems that the main contamination is the population of tourists. From the result of the prediction model, BOD will increase about 1.5 times, T-N and T-P will be 1.5 times in 2012. It means that some counter plan is needed to reduce pollutant load. Enviroment grade of Suokjeong reserver is in I~II grade which is in good condition comparatively. However, the water contamination will be in poor as the year passes. when considering T-N T-P, which are the nutrients to control eutrophication, the concentrated administration about contamination sources is in urgent.
BMS-214662 (Bristol-Myers Squibb). (2003)

Bristol-Myers Squibb is developing BMS-214662, a farnesyl transferase inhibitor, for the potential treatment of cancer. By October 2000, preclinical investigations were ongoing in Japan. By February 2001, the drug was in phase II trials in the US for pancreatic, head and neck, lung and colorectal cancers.
The Thyroid Hormone-Inactivating Type III Deiodinase Is Expressed in Mouse and Human β-Cells and Its Targeted Inactivation Impairs Insulin Secretion (2011)

Deiodinases are selenoproteins that activate or inactivate thyroid hormone. During vertebrate development, these pathways control thyroid hormone action in a cell-specific fashion explaining how systemic thyroid hormone can affect local control of tissue embryogenesis. Here we investigated the role of the thyroid hormone-inactivating deiodinase (D3) in pancreatic islet function and glucose homeostasis. D3 expression was determined by real-time PCR, immunofluorescence, and enzyme activity. Embryonic and adult wild-type mice and Mice with targeted disruption of Dio3 gene (D3KO) as well as human fetal pancreas and adult islets were studied. Insulin secretion was evaluated in adult mouse isolated islets. We found Dio3 gene expression and protein highly expressed in embryonic and adult pancreatic islets, predominantly in β-cells in both humans and mice. However, mRNA levels were barely detectable for both the thyroid hormone-activating deiodinases types 1 and 2. D3KO animals were found to be glucose intolerant due to in vitro and in vivo impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, without changes in peripheral sensitivity to insulin. D3KO neonatal (postnatal day 0) and adult pancreas exhibited reduced total islet area due to reduced β-cell mass, insulin content, and impaired expression of key β-cells genes. D3 expression in perinatal pancreatic β-cells prevents untimely exposure to thyroid hormone, the absence of which leads to impaired β-cell function and subsequently insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis. An analogous role is likely in humans, given the similar D3 expression pattern.
Cryopreservation of Cortical Tissue Blocks for the Generation of Highly Enriched Neuronal Cultures (2010)

In this study, we outline a standardized protocol for the successful cryopreservation and thawing of cortical brain tissue blocks to generate highly enriched neuronal cultures. For this protocol the freezing medium used is 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) diluted in Hank's Buffered Salt Solution (HBSS). Blocks of cortical tissue are transferred to cryovials containing the freezing medium and slowly frozen at -1C/min in a rate-controlled freezing container. Post-thaw processing and dissociation of frozen tissue blocks consistently produced neuronal-enriched cultures which exhibited rapid neuritic growth during the first 5 days in culture and significant expansion of the neuronal network within 10 days. Immunocytochemical staining with the astrocytic marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and the neuronal marker beta-tubulin class III, revealed high numbers of neurons and astrocytes in the cultures. Generation of neural precursor cell cultures after tissue block dissociation resulted in rapidly expanding neurospheres, which produced large numbers of neurons and astrocytes under differentiating conditions. This simple cryopreservation protocol allows for the rapid, efficient, and inexpensive preservation of cortical brain tissue blocks, which grants increased flexibility for later generation of neuronal, astrocyte, and neuronal precursor cell cultures.
Antioxidant and Chemopreventive Effect of Aliophen® Formulation Based on Malts and Hops (2020)

Experimental and clinical studies evidenced the health effects of moderate consumption of beer, mainly due to the presence of bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, vitamins, or fibers. To exploit the potential beneficial effect on health and in disease prevention of these compounds, a new beverage based on barley malts and hops named Aliophen<sup>®</sup> has been designed, through a patented production process, with a high total polyphenolic amount compared to alcohol-free beer and similar to the one present in light and dark beers. In the present study, the antioxidant activity of Aliophen<sup>®</sup> against low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and its ability to protect erythrocytes from hemolysis have been characterized. Moreover, the chemopreventive effect of Aliophen<sup>®</sup> against colon cancer has been assessed, employing a mouse model of chemically induced carcinogenesis using azoxymethane (AOM). Data obtained showed that Aliophen at a low dose (3 mg/kg) inhibited the formation of preneoplastic lesions, polyps, and tumors. At higher doses (300 mg/kg) the protective effect was measured in the first phase of the onset of cancer. The antioxidant properties of Aliophen<sup>®</sup> were also observed in AOM-treated mice where it increased the serum antioxidant capacity. Based on the data presented, Aliophen<sup>®</sup> can exert promising health effects, including an anticancer capacity presumably associated with its antioxidant properties.
Mycothiol biosynthesis is essential for ethionamide susceptibility in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2008)

Spontaneous mutants of Mycobacterium tuberculosis that were resistant to the anti-tuberculosis drugs ethionamide and isoniazid were isolated and found to map to mshA, a gene encoding the first enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of mycothiol, a major low-molecular-weight thiol in M. tuberculosis. Seven independent missense or frameshift mutations within mshA were identified and characterized. Precise null deletion mutations of the mshA gene were generated by specialized transduction in three different strains of M. tuberculosis. The mshA deletion mutants were defective in mycothiol biosynthesis, were only ethionamide-resistant and required catalase to grow. Biochemical studies suggested that the mechanism of ethionamide resistance in mshA mutants was likely due to a defect in ethionamide activation. In vivo, a mycothiol-deficient strain grew normally in immunodeficient mice, but was slightly defective for growth in immunocompetent mice. Mutations in mshA demonstrate the non-essentiality of mycothiol for growth in vitro and in vivo, and provide a novel mechanism of ethionamide resistance in M. tuberculosis.
The kinetics and mechanism of electrophilic substitution of heteroaromatic compounds. Part XX. Nitration of 3-hydroxypyridine, 6-hydroxy-2(1H)-pyridone, and some corresponding methyl derivatives (1970)

3-Hydroxy- and 3-methoxy-pyridine undergo nitration as their corresponding conjugate acids at the 2-position. 6-Hydroxy-2(1H)-pyridone together with its N-methyl derivative and 6-methoxy-analogues are nitrated as free bases, at or near the encounter rate, in the 3-position.
Cerebroprotective Effects of Aminoguanidine in a Rodent Model of Stroke (1996)

These results indicate that the stroke-reducing properties of aminoguanidine are dose and time dependent, with substantial cerebroprotection persisting even with drug delivery up to 2 hours after the onset of ischemia. It is now plausible to pursue development of aminoguanidine as an experimental therapeutic in stroke, and possible mechanisms of these cerebroprotective effects are under consideration.
Multiple-criteria Decision-making in Design Selection and Synthesis (1995)

SUMMARY Decision-making problems arise at every stage of the design process because of the need to make technical choices. Such problems are usually associated with multiple, potentially conflicting requirements and the creative resolution of these conflicts leads to good designs. This paper examines some of the underlying issues and related modelling strategies, with a view to exploring the rich potential of a generalized multiple-criteria approach to design decisionmaking. The arguments are supported by simple numerical examples.
Dendritic cells from HIV-1-infected patients naturally express HIV-1 gp120 V3 loop-derived peptide ligands (1998)

Little is known of the peptide ligands expressed in vivo on antigen-presenting cells (APC) or of the APC lineages involved. In this study we have addressed this question using HLA-DRbeta1*0101-restricted CD4 T cell clones (TLC) specific for a synthetic peptide based on the HIV-1 gp120 V3 loop consensus sequence for the Clade B isolates predominantly found in European and North American patients. These TLC were found to respond, in a dose-dependent manner, to freshly isolated HIV-infected patient APC in the absence of exogenously added peptides. Further APC purification showed that the naturally expressed peptide ligands were present in both the APC lineages shown to be infected with the virus and were most strongly detectable on purified blood dendritic cells. Peptides based on consensus sequences of viruses isolated from one of the patients over the period when naturally expressed peptide ligands could be detected were all found to stimulate TLC proliferation. These studies, therefore, show that peptide ligands derived from natural infection are detectable on APC lineages, particularly on dendritic cells which play an important role in the immune response to viruses. Even small differences in sequence between the vaccine isolate and the natural infection, if they occur in the key residues of protective T cell epitopes, could therefore have a profound effect on the efficacy of vaccines against viruses with high rates of mutation.
Robust representation and recognition of actions in video (2009)

Recognizing actions from video and other sensory data is important for a number of applications such as surveillance and human-computer interaction. While the potential applications are compelling and has inspired extensive research on this topic, there are several difficult challenges. These challenges can be broadly classified into four key problems - (1) Action Representation; (2) Feature Extraction; (3) Learning; (4) Inference. There are a range of possible approaches for each of these problems, and the choice depends on the application domain: whether it involves a single person or multiple actors, is the camera static or moving and is the background static or moving.
In our work, we focus on recognizing single person actions under a range of background and imaging conditions. We have worked on each of the four key problems in action recognition in this domain, and have made novel contributions. These include the use of hierarchical graphical models for high-level action representation as well as efficient low-level features that are robust to background clutter, background motion and camera motion. We will describe the techniques developed during our research, and present results in a range of challenging indoor and outdoor video sequences. This work can have several potential applications including human-computer interaction, intelligent rooms, and monitoring lightly crowded areas in offices and grocery stores.