gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrasonic Densitometer Development (1979)

EGSG Idaho, Inc., has developed an ultra- sonic densitometer to measure two-phase flow density in the r eactor v essel and core in a 343OC, 15-MPa pressurized water reactor (PWR) environment. This work was done in support of water reactor safety experiments being performed in the Loss-of-Fluid Test (LOFT) facility at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL). The principle of operating t he ultrasonic densi- tometer sensor is the change in propagation time of a torsional u ltrasonic wave in a metal trans- mission line as a function of the density of the surrounding media. A theoretical physics model is presented which represents the total propag- ation time as a function of the sensor modulus of elasticity and polar moment of inertia. Changes in propagation times are related to the polar moment of inertia of the sensor and the density of the surrounding media.
Bulk and Boundary Quantum Phase Transitions in a Square Rydberg Atom Array (2021)

Motivated by recent experimental realizations of exotic phases of matter on programmable quantum simulators, we carry out a comprehensive theoretical study of quantum phase transitions in a Rydberg atom array on a square lattice, with both open and periodic boundary conditions. In the bulk, we identify several first-order and continuous phase transitions by performing large-scale quantum Monte Carlo simulations and develop an analytical understanding of the nature of these transitions using the framework of Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson theory. Remarkably, we find that under open boundary conditions, the boundary itself undergoes a second-order quantum phase transition, independent of the bulk. These results explain recent experimental observations and provide important new insights into both the adiabatic state preparation of novel quantum phases and quantum optimization using Rydberg atom array platforms.
A Combined 25Mg Solid‐State NMR and Ab Initio DFT Approach to Probe the Local Structural Differences in Magnesium Acetate Phases Mg(CH3COO)2 ⋅ nH2O (n=0, 1, 4) (2018)

Multinuclear (<sup>1</sup> H, <sup>13</sup> C, <sup>25</sup> Mg) solid-state NMR data is reported for a series of magnesium acetate phases Mg(CH<sub>3</sub> COO)<sub>2</sub> ⋅ nH<sub>2</sub> O (n=0 (two polymorphs), 1, 4). The central focus here is <sup>25</sup> Mg as this set of compounds provides an expanded range of local magnesium coordinations compared to what has previously been reported in the literature using NMR. These four compounds provide 10 distinct magnesium sites with varying NMR interaction parameters. One of the anhydrous crystal structures (α) has an MgO<sub>7</sub> site which is reported, to the best of our knowledge, for the first time. For those phases with a single crystal structure, a combination of magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR at high magnetic field (20 T) and first principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrates the value of including <sup>25</sup> Mg in NMR crystallography approaches. For the second anhydrate phase (β), where no single crystal structure exists, the multinuclear NMR data clearly show the multiplicity of sites for the different elements, with <sup>25</sup> Mg satellite transition (ST) MAS NMR revealing four inequivalent magnesium environments, which is new information constraining future refinement of the structure. This study highlights the sensitivity of <sup>25</sup> Mg NMR to the local environment, an observation important for several sub-disciplines of chemistry where the structural chemistry of magnesium is likely to be crucial.
Comparing three novel multimodal touch interfaces for infotainment menus (2013)

Three novel interfaces for navigating a hierarchical menu while driving were experimentally evaluated. Prototypes utilized redundant visual and auditory feedback (multimodal), and were compared to a conventional direct touch interface. All three multimodal prototypes employed an external touchpad separate from the infotainment display in order to afford simple eyes-free gesturing. Participants performed a basic driving task while concurrently using these prototypes to perform menu selections. Mean lateral lane deviation, eye movements, secondary task speed, and self-reported workload were assessed for each condition. Of all conditions, swiping the touchpad to move one-by-one through menu items yielded significantly smaller lane deviations than direct touch. In addition, in the serial swipe condition, the same time spent looking at the prototype was distributed over a longer interaction time. The remaining multimodal conditions allowed users to feel around a pie or list menu to find touchpad zones corresponding to menu items, allowing for either exploratory browsing or shortcuts. This approach, called GRUV, was ineffective compared to serial swiping and direct touch, possibly due its uninterruptable interaction pattern and overall novelty. The proposed explanation for the performance benefits of the serial swiping condition was that it afforded flexible sub tasking and incremental progress, in addition to providing multimodal output.
Wavelet filtering of GPS network data for identification of ionospheric disturbances associated with tsunamis (2010)

Acoustic-Gravity Waves (AGWs) in the neutral atmosphere can induce disturbances in the ionosphere that are subsequently observable in trans-ionospheric Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) measurements. Disruptive events on the Earths surface, such as earthquakes, tsunamis and large explosions are one source of these disturbances. In this presentation, we applied wavelet decomposition to detect the presence of ionospheric disturbances in dual frequency GNSS time series collected from the GEONET (Japan) and SCIGN (Southern California) networks during the Peru tsunami on June 23 2001 and the Chile Tsunami on February 27 2010. Through use of the wavelet decomposition, we are able to find two wave trains, present in the data collected from both networks, with frequencies of approximately 0.0005-0.0011 Hz and 0.0016-0.0167 Hz. The speed and direction of arrival of the disturbances are found through cross-correlating every pair of stations in several sub-areas of each network. These were found to be compatible with the arrival direction and speed of a disturbance created from the Tsunami, with propagation speeds of 101-265 m/s and 559-1195 m/s, respectively.
Metallurgical Relationships of Porous-Coated ASTM F75 Alloys (1987)

Discontinuous carbide formation along the grain boundaries was found to be a desirable condition for obtaining ASTM-recommended strength and ductility levels in a sintered alloy containing 0.3% carbon by weight and meeting the requirements of the ASTM Specification for Cast Cobalt-Chromium-Molybdenum Alloy for Surgical Implant Applications (F 75–82). Excessive carbides in the grain boundaries of this alloy caused a severe reduction in ductility, while relatively carbide-free grain boundaries produced acceptable ductility but a marked reduction in the ultimate and 0.2% yield strengths. This behavior was also true for an ASTM F75 alloy with a lower carbon level (0.24% by weight). However, the latter alloy failed to meet the strength levels specified in ASTM Specification F 75–82. Subsequent aging of similar specimens led to carbide precipitation within the grains and dissolution of grain boundary particles, which caused an immediate loss of ductility. In addition, there was evidence for the precipitation of intermetallic, topologically close-packed (TCP) phases, which have been shown to have deleterious effects on the room-temperature ductilities of cobalt-base alloys. This phenomenon occurs in alloys with both high (0.3%) and low (0.24%) carbon contents. The precipitate population and the severity of ductility loss were time and temperature dependent.
Laboratory experiments and numerical simulations on magnetic instabilities (2016)

Magnetic fields of planets, stars and galaxies are generated by self-excitation in moving electrically conducting fluids. Once produced, magnetic fields can play an active role in cosmic structure formation by destabilizing rotational flows that would be otherwise hydrodynamically stable. For a long time, both hydromagnetic dynamo action as well as magnetically triggered flow instabilities had been the subject of purely theoretical research. Meanwhile, however, the dynamo effect has been observed in large-scale liquid sodium experiments in Riga, Karlsruhe and Cadarache. In this paper, we summarize the results of some smaller liquid metal experiments devoted to various magnetic instabilities such as the helical and the azimuthal magnetorotational instability, the Tayler instability, and the different instabilities that appear in a magnetized spherical Couette flow. We conclude with an outlook on a large scale Tayler-Couette experiment using liquid sodium, and on the prospects to observe magnetically triggered instabilities of flows with positive shear.
Analysis of Multi Running Modes for Long-short Route Operation Organization Based on Shanghai Metro Line 16 (2012)

Regional metro lines that connect downtown area and certain suburban area always have some characteristics like long distance and asymmetric passenger distribution, so this kind of regional metro lines would always carry out multirouting modes. On consider of passenger flow distribution and cost-effective operation, some lines will adopt different train running modes. In this paper, the forms of the routing modes and the theory of marshalling modes are studied based on onbuilding Shanghai Metro Line 16, then, operation diagram for the long-short route has been studied. Based on TPM (Train Plan Maker) simulation, the optimal overtaking station, the quantity of operating trains and the requirements of the switchback stations with mixed running mode (including regular running, non-stop running, short route running and part stop running) trains in operation has been analyzed. Finally, an optimal strategy of operation organization has been given.
Communication—Aliphatic Chain Substitution for Enhancing Energy Density of p -Benzoquinone Redox Couple for Non-Aqueous Flow Batteries (2020)

Although p -benzoquinone (BQ) is electrochemically reversible in non-aqueous media, the physicochemical properties of BQ are insufficient for its practical use as a negative redox couple for flow batteries. The voltage and solubility drawbacks of BQ can be resolved by using an aliphatic chain, which introduces electron-donating and melting-point-decreasing functional groups. The former negatively shifted the redox potential of BQ and the latter increased the solubility of BQ 1.5-fold. Furthermore, the reversibility of the redox couple is retained even after tert -butyl substitution with increased energy density. Finally, the designed tert -butyl- p -benzoquinone molecule exhibits a stable voltage profile during the flow battery cycling.
BLOOD COMPONENTS: Red blood cell hemolysis during blood bank storage: using national quality management data to answer basic scientific questions (2009)

Large national data sets provide useful information about the distribution of hemolysis at the end of RBC storage. This information can aid blood storage system development and regulatory science.
RTHP-01. DOES THE EFFICACY OF SALVAGE RE-IRRADIATION IN RECURRENT MEDULLOBLASTOMA DEPEND UPON RISK-STRATIFICATION, SITE OF RELAPSE, AND MOLECULAR SUBGROUP? (2018)

PURPOSE: To report outcomes of salvage re-irradiation in the multi-modality management of recurrent medulloblastoma. Medical records of all patients with recurrent medulloblastoma treated with curative-intent re-irradiation at a single institution were analyzed. A total of 24 patients (median age of 14 years) were included. Median time to recurrence was 38 months (range 15–99 months). Of 13 patients with SHH subgroup medulloblastoma, 11 (85%) developed local recurrence while 5 of 7 (71%) group 4 patients developed focal recurrence outside the tumor bed. Neuraxial dissemination was seen in 2 patients each of SHH and group 4, while the lone patient with WNT-pathway experienced leptomeningeal dissemination. Molecular subgrouping was not known in 3 patients. Re-irradiation was focal in 58%, extended-field in 17%, and craniospinal re-irradiation in 25% patients. Median interval from primary course of irradiation was 49 months (range 24–98 months) and median cumulative biologically effective dose (BED) was 117 Gy (range 78–132 Gy). All patients received platinum-based salvage chemotherapy either before or after re-irradiation. At a median follow-up of 16.5 months, the 2-year post-re-irradiation progression-free survival and overall survival was 45% and 61% respectively. Patients with average-risk medulloblastoma at initial diagnosis fared better than high-risk disease, while site of relapse, and molecular subgrouping did not impact upon outcomes after re-irradiation. Two of 16 failures were in-field of re-irradiation indicating excellent local control. One patient developed symptomatic radiation necrosis. Re-irradiation provides excellent local control and encouraging survival outcomes with acceptable toxicity in carefully selected patients with recurrent medulloblastoma.
Quantum simulations with ultracold atoms in optical lattices (2017)

Quantum simulation, a subdiscipline of quantum computation, can provide valuable insight into difficult quantum problems in physics or chemistry. Ultracold atoms in optical lattices represent an ideal platform for simulations of quantum many-body problems. Within this setting, quantum gas microscopes enable single atom observation and manipulation in large samples. Ultracold atom-based quantum simulators have already been used to probe quantum magnetism, to realize and detect topological quantum matter, and to study quantum systems with controlled long-range interactions. Experiments on many-body systems out of equilibrium have also provided results in regimes unavailable to the most advanced supercomputers. We review recent experimental progress in this field and comment on future directions.
New Synthetic Methodology Using Base-Assisted Diazonium Salts Activation and Gold Redox Catalysis (2020)

Over the past two decades, homogeneous Au(I) catalysis has been a valuable synthetic tool for activating a series of unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds towards nucleophilic attack. Despite this progress, Au(I/III) redox chemistry has not been well explored. This is largely due to the challenges associated with the high oxidation potential of gold. Hence, the need for an efficient and safe method for Au oxidation. Herein, a base-assisted diazonium salt activation has been used to facilitate Au redox reactions under mild reaction conditions. This oxidative coupling method afforded functional isoxazolines with good to excellent yields, while the alternative photoactivation method provided trace amounts of the isoxazoline products. This study further broadens the scope of gold redox chemistry. Similarly, cyloporpanol ring opening has been reported under mild chemical condition. This leads to the formation of β-ketones at up to 85% yields. Furthermore, a series of novel triazole based ruthenium alkylidene complexes are reported. The well-defined complexes were employed to catalyze the cross-metathesis reaction of styrene and a series of coupling partners. Like Grubb II catalysts, complex Ru-TA 2 gave 56% E-olefin in a cross-metathesis reaction. For ring opening metathesis reaction, our catalysts give up to 55% Z-olefin. Although, the results obtained for cross metathesis and ring opening metathesis polymerization are like currently reported yields from Grubbs catalyst, a significant structural modification would further improve the selectivity of the catalysts while also increasing yield.
Physical modeling and alleviation of shallow trench-isolation charging effects in silicon-on insulator complementary bipolar technology (2004)

Oxide charging, adversely influencing PNP collector-base capacitance, has been observed and modeled physically in a complementary bipolar process that uses dielectric isolation. A practical solution to alleviate this effect is described along with trade-offs involved in process and device design.
Indole–Indole Ullmann Cross‐Coupling for CAr–N Bond Formation: Total Synthesis of (–)‐Aspergilazine A (2017)

The copper‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reaction of indole and protected haloindoles (X = Br, I) by using CuI, N , N′ ‐dimethylethylenediamine, and K 2 CO 3 in dioxane at 130 °C afforded the corresponding bis‐indole products in generally high yields. Starting from the N1′–C6 bis‐indole positional isomer obtained by C Ar –N Ullmann coupling, a new synthesis of (–)‐aspergilazine A was completed. A bidirectional Negishi‐catalyzed cross‐coupling of the C3,C3′‐diiodo N1′–C6 bis‐indole derivative was used to construct the corresponding bis‐tryptophan. Amide formation with l ‐proline and thermally induced deprotection/cyclization completed the diketopiperazine units of (–)‐aspergilazine A.
Real-time exhaled breath analysis identifies altered metabolic signature in cystic fibrosis (2017)

A personalized treatment approach in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) is often limited by a lack of non-invasive objective methods assessing current inflammatory processes. We aimed at defining profiles of volatile organic compounds in exhaled breath from patients with CF disease using untargeted real-time secondary electrospray ionization-high resolution mass spectrometry (SESI-HRMS). In this prospective matched case-control study, 30 patients with CF were 1-to-1 matched to 30 healthy controls according to age, gender and smoking state. Exhaled breath from patients with CF (mean age 26.0±13.0 years, FEV1 78.0±27.8% pred., 6.2±3.0 pack years) and controls (mean age 27.9±14.0 years, FEV1 101.5±6.3% pred., 5.5±3.0 pack years) was analyzed. 52 features were found to be highly specific (p-value &lt; 0.05 / q-value &lt; 0.01) to differentiate patients with CF from healthy controls, the two most discriminating features showed a prediction AUROC of 77.1% (CI 62.2% - 87.8%) with a specificity of 80.0% and a sensitivity of 63.3%. Metabolites from oxidative stress processes such as fatty acids were found to differ significantly between patients with CF and healthy controls. Furthermore, in patients with CF, 31 and 123 features were found to correlate with the blood concentration of eosinophilic and basophilic granulocytes, respectively. Breath analysis by real-time SESI-HRMS allows identification of features discriminating patients with CF from matched, healthy controls within a few minutes. It may also allow to identify subjects with eosinophilic and basophilic inflammation. Real-time SESI-HRMS is a powerful and easily applicable method to get new insights into the pathophysiology of CF.
Studies of Unusual Amino Acids and Their Peptides. IX. The Synthetic Study of Bottromycins B1 and B2 (1978)

Abstract Bottromycins B1 and B2, peptide antibiotics, were synthesized according to the structures proposed by Nakamura et al. B1 was obtained by the condensation of the imidate, Piv–Tle–Val–ImPro–OEt·HCl with the ester, H–Gly–Phe(βMe)–β-Tha–OH in the presence of Et3N, and B2 by the replacement of the Z group of Z–Tle–Val–ImPro–Gly–Phe(βMe)–β-Tha–OMe by the trans-4-methyl-2-pentenoyl group. The structures of the synthetic B1 and B2 were confirmed by elemental analyses, amino acid analyses, and Cl-mass spectra. However, the synthetic bottromycins differed from the natural ones in many respects, e.g., IR spectra, behavior in TLC, and pKa values. Most significantly, no antimicrobial activities were detected in the synthetic B1. On the basis of these results, it is concluded that the structures proposed by Nakamura et al. for bottromycins are erroneous and should be revised.
Antiinflammatory agents. 3. Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of 2-amino-3-benzoylphenylacetic acid and analogs (1984)

A series of substituted derivatives of 2-amino-3-benzoylphenylacetic acid (amfenac) has been synthesized and evaluated for antiinflammatory, analgesic, and cyclooxygenase inhibiting activity. Several derivatives including 157 (4'-chloro), 158 (4'-bromo), and 182 (5-chloro, 4'-bromo) were more potent than indomethacin in these assays.
Inner-shell electron energy loss spectroscopy and generalized oscillator strengths at high momentum transfer (2000)

Detailed information about the energies of the electronically excited and ionized states of atoms and molecules is of central importance to the understanding of the interaction of energetic radiation with matter. Such data permits a more complete understanding of various processes taking place in physics, chemistry or biology, with important areas of application including electron and X-ray microscopy, space physics and chemistry or any other area where energetic radiation is used. This work documents the improvements and performance of a variable scattering angle energy loss spectrometer used to investigate inner-shell electronic spectroscopy of gases and to map generalized oscillator strengths. Wide ranges of impact energy and scattering angle are used to study both electric dipole and non-dipole transitions. New spectroscopic studies include: (i) the observation of the non-dipole "B-state" in SF6 S 2 p edge at very high scattering angle (62°) and at 1550 eV impact energy, where it dominates the spectrum; (ii) the first experimental observation of the C 1s [arrow right] σg * transition in CO2 . Generalized Oscillator Strength (GOS) profiles were mapped systematically for a collection of molecules: in SF6 , the GOS for S 2p and S 2s were extended up to very high momentum transfer, while the GOS for F 1s was mapped here for the first time. GOS curves were also obtained for all edges in CO 2 , COS and CS2 , some of them revealing their shapes for the first time. Where available, the results were compared to theoretical calculations. This work greatly extends previous reported studies of GOS for inner-shell excitation.
Targeting Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Cancer Immunotherapy (2020)

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), which are activated under pathological conditions, are a group of heterogeneous immature myeloid cells. MDSCs have potent capacities to support tumor growth via inhibition of the antitumoral immune response and/or the induction of immunosuppressive cells. In addition, multiple studies have demonstrated that MDSCs provide potential therapeutic targets for the elimination of immunosuppressive functions and the inhibition of tumor growth. The combination of targeting MDSCs and other therapeutic approaches has also demonstrated powerful antitumor effects. In this review, we summarize the characteristics of MDSCs in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and current strategies of cancer treatment by targeting MDSCs.
Acousto-optic interaction in laser vibrometry in a liquid (2009)

It is demonstrated that, when the classical method of laser vibrometry is used for measurements in a liquid, it gives erroneous results with measurement errors reaching 100% or more. The vibration pattern observed in this case exhibits a false structure with a spatial scale identical to the wavelength of acoustic waves in the liquid. In addition, the laser vibrometer shows displacements in the regions where they are actually absent. In the transient mode of operation, the image displays nonexistent surface waves, which propagate with the velocity of sound in the liquid. The origin of these distortions lies in the acoustooptic interaction that occurs in the condensed medium on the path of the probing laser beam. An analytic expression is obtained for the Green’s function characterizing laser vibrometry in the cases of harmonic and pulsed excitation of the surface under investigation. It is shown that this function explains all the artifacts observed in laser vibrometry in a liquid and can be used to correct the measurement data.